gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hst & Vlt – The Rise Of The Great Observatories (2018)

Over the last decades we have seen a revolution occurring in observational astronomy and astrophysics where access to state-of-the-art observational facilities has increasingly become dominated by "open access Observatories." Astronomy is becoming very "flat" where access is determined largely through scientific peer review rather than in the past where it was heavily biased by geographical or institutional affiliation. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Very Large Telescope (VLT) are two prominent global examples of such facilities, which combined generated over 1,400 refereed publications in 2016. Tim de Zeeuw has of course a prominent role in the VLT, but he also had a key role in the success of HST as a member, then Chair of the Space Telescope Institute Council before joining ESO. I will briefly look at the common characteristics of the Institutions which enable such productive facilities, and look at the opportunities and challenges for 21st Century observational astrophysics as we enter the multi-billion-euro (or dollar) paradigm for future transformational facilities either on the ground, or in space.
A metal-oxide-semiconductor varactor (1999)

CMOS technology scaling opens up the possibility of designing variable capacitors based on a metal oxide semiconductor structure with improved tuning range and quality factor. This is due to an increase in the oxide capacitance and a reduction in the parasitic resistance. A prototype metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) variable capacitor of 3.1 pF nominal value has been realized in a 0.35-μm standard CMOS process. A factor two capacitance change has been achieved for a 2-V variation of the controlling voltage. The varactor Q ranges from 17 to 35, at 1.8 GHz.
Apple rootstock problems and potentials (1974)

This publication is designed to assist the grower in anticipating problems which can occur with higher density orchards; such anticipation should enable the grower to avoid these pitfalls, to minimize the total effects of shortcomings, and to maximize the total utilization of the potential of modern orchard design. The rootstock-related problems described should not be interpreted as negating the value of dwarfing rootstocks and high density plantings.
An Improved Grading System for Measuring Plant Diseases (2025)

Heretofore, in recording severity of plant diseases by grading, the grades have been assigned equal values in percentage. According to the Weber-Fechner law, the human eye distinguishes according to the logarithm of the light intensity. Hence, the grades should be based on equal ability to distinguish, not on equal disease. Below 50 percent, the eye sees the amount of diseased tissue. Above 50 percent, it sees the amount of disease-free tissue. A new scoring system is based on 50 percent as a midpoint. The grades differ by a factor of two in either direction as follows: 1 = 0, 2 = 0 to 3, 3 = 3 to 6, to 12, 5 = 12 to 25, 6 = 25 to 50, 7 = 50 to 75, 8 = 75 to 87, 9 = 87 to 94, 10 = 94 to 97, 11 = 97 to 100, 12 = 100. Several plants (20 or more) at random are graded. Mean grade = grade readings + number of readings. A calibration curve is set up with grade numbers on the X-axis and percentage disease on a special semi-log. Y-axis with one and one-half phases from either end up to 50 percent. The grid has the aspect of arithmetic-probability paper. This scheme has been very useful in fungicide research, varietal resistance, etc. It should be useful in plant disease surveying.
Copper exchange plating on palladium and its relation to circuit repair (1991)

We describe a series of experiments using local heating to deposit copper from solution onto a palladium pattern. We show that palladium, the more noble metal, does not dissolve during thermally induced exchange plating when sacrificial copper is appropriately placed with respect to the palladium. Rather, the palladium becomes cathodic locally without dissolution, consistent with its position in the electronegativity series. However, without sacrificial copper, no deposition occurs. These results help to explain the mechanisms for a recently described electrochemical ‘‘open’’ microcircuit repair method.
De novo protein sequencing, humanization and in vitro effects of an antihuman CD34 mouse monoclonal antibody (2016)

QBEND/10 is a mouse immunoglobulin lambda-chain monoclonal antibody with strict specificity against human hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34. Our in vitro study showed that QBEND/10 impairs the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), suggesting that the antibody may be of potential benefit in blocking tumor angiogenesis. We provided a de novo protein sequencing method through tandem mass spectrometry to identify the amino acid sequences in the variable heavy and light chains of QBEND/10. To reduce immunogenicity for clinical applications, QBEND/10 was further humanized using the resurfacing approach. We demonstrate that the de novo sequenced and humanized QBEND/10 retains the biological functions of the parental mouse counterpart, including the binding kinetics to CD34 and blockage of the tube formation of the HUVECs.
Free Fatty Acid Receptors in Health and Disease (2019)

Fatty acids are metabolized and synthesized as energy substrates during biological responses. Long- and medium-chain fatty acids derived mainly from dietary triglycerides, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbial fermentation of the otherwise indigestible dietary fiber, constitute the major sources of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the metabolic network. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that FFAs serve not only as energy sources but also as natural ligands for a group of orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), essentially intertwining metabolism and immunity in multiple ways, such as via inflammation regulation and secretion of peptide hormones. To date, several FFARs that are activated by the FFAs of various chain lengths have been identified and characterized. In particular, FFAR1 (GPR40) and FFAR4 (GPR120) are activated by long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, while FFAR3 (GPR41) and FFAR2 (GPR43) are activated by SCFAs, mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate. In this review, we discuss the recent reports on the key physiological functions of the FFAR-mediated signaling transduction pathways in the regulation of metabolism and immune responses. We also attempt to reveal future research opportunities for developing therapeutics for metabolic and immune disorders.
Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Carvacrol Using Zeolite-Encapsulated Metal Complexes (2005)

We report here the use of zeolite-encapsulated metal (salpn) complexes as catalysts in the oxidation reaction of the natural compound carvacrol in acetonitrile with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. No previous studies on the oxidation of carvacrol in the presence of metal salpn complexes have been reported. By using a general flexible ligand method, Cr(III), Fe(III), Bi(III), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes of N,N‘-bis(salicylidene)propane-1,3-diamine (H2salpn) encapsulated in NaY zeolite were prepared. All catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to confirm the complex encapsulation. The activities of all prepared catalysts for the oxidation of carvacrol and hydrogen peroxide were tested. The performances of all catalysts were compared on the basis of the leaching test results and carvacrol conversions. Thymohydroquinone and benzoquinones were observed as byproducts at high conversions of carvacrol. No product was formed in the absence of a catalyst. Fe(salpn)-NaY catalyst exhibited the highest carvacrol conversion of 27.6% with a yield of 22.0%, followed by Cr(salpn)-NaY catalyst with 23.5% carvacrol conversion and a yield of 17.6%. Other catalysts have shown relatively lower performances in terms of carvacrol conversion and leaching. The Cr(salpn)-NaY catalyst was found to be a more efficient catalyst than others on the basis of leaching and activity tests. With the selected catalyst Cr (salpn)-NaY, the effects of temperature and carvacrol/hydrogen peroxide molar ratio on carvacrol oxidation reactions were investigated. Increasing the temperature from 40 to 60 °C caused an increase in the thymoquinone yield from 6.2% to 16.0%. An increase in carvacrol/hydrogen peroxide molar ratio from 1 to 3 resulted in a decrease in the thymoquinone yield.
Restriction enzyme digestion of hemimethylated DNA (1981)

Hemimethylated duplex DNA of the bacteriophage phi X 174 was synthesized using primed repair synthesis is in vitro with E. coli DNA polymerase I followed by ligation to produce the covalently closed circular duplex (RFI). Single-stranded phi X DNA was used as a template, a synthetic oligonucleotide as primer and 5-methyldeoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate (5mdCTP) was used in place of dCTP. The hemimethylated product was used as substrate for cleavage by various restriction enzymes. Out of the 17 enzymes tested, only 5 (BstN I, Taq I, Hinc II, Hinf I and Hpa I) cleaved the hemimethylated DNA. Two enzymes (Msp I and Hae III) were able to produce nicks on the unmethylated strand of the cleavage site. Msp I, which is known to cleave at CCGG when the internal cytosine residue is methylated, does not cleave when both cytosines are methylated. Another enzyme, Apy I, cleaves at the sequence CCTAGG when the internal cytosine is methylated, but is inactive on hemimethylated DNA in which both cytosines are methylated. Hemimethylated molecules should be useful for studying DNA methylation both in vivo and in vitro.
Modelling-Based Prediction of Clinical Benefits from Etravirine in the TMC125-C223 Trial (2007)

Based on the efficacy results from the TMC125-C223 trial, the benefits of etravirine 800 mg bid versus control in raising CD4 counts and suppressing HIV RNA are predicted to lower progression rates to AIDS/death by 31%-39% for etravirine treatment, using two independent methods.
Synergistic and priority control for electric vehicles power allocation in participating in AGC (2013)

Large scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs) provides new ideas for power system stability and control. Connected to power grid, EVs can be taken as distributed energy storage and thus cooperate with traditional automatic generation control (AGC) units to help stabilize the system frequency and achieve energy saving. On the basis of previous researches, taking into account the influence of battery state of charge (SOC) on the maximum charging/discharging power and the charging demand of EVs users, this paper firstly expounds the AGC control system framework with the contribution of EVs. Then, coordination and priority control scheme for multiple EVs power allocation during the charging/discharging processes is discussed and the main constraints are formulated. Finally, simulations for EVs participating in a two-area interconnected power system AGC are performed. The results show that rational power allocation and effective utilization of EVs resources can be fully achieved by implementing the proposed method, so as to better improve power system stability and achieve energy saving.
Experimental results and their simplified analysis on instability problems in PWM inverter induction motor drives (1989)

The instability problems often experienced in PWM (pulsewidth modulation) inverter induction motor drive systems are discussed. Experimental results are presented on how the unstable regions and oscillating frequencies are dependent on dead time. It is noted that the experimental results can clarify the physical description of sources of the instability phenomena. It is shown that a switching-type inverter necessarily includes regenerative intervals. Its existence is the main source of unstable phenomena. It is also shown that a stable region can be determined by applying analytical results to a self-excited induction generator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>icsB:</i> a <i>Shigella flexneri</i> virulence gene necessary for the lysis of protrusions during intercellular spread (1992)

Shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery by invading epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa. We have characterized the icsB gene which is located on the virulence plasmid pWR100. After inactivation of icsB, the mutant strain remained invasive, but formed abnormally small plaques on HeLa cell monolayers, colonized only the peripheral cells of Caco-2 islets, and was unable to provoke a keratoconjunctivitis in guinea-pigs. Examination of infected HeLa cells showed that the icsB mutant was able to lyse the phagocytic vacuole and to form protrusions at the surface of infected cells, but, unlike the wild type, remained trapped in protrusions surrounded by two membranes. These results indicate that IcsB is involved in the lysis of the protrusions, a step necessary for intercellular spread.
Extended Cavity Lasers in InGaAs-InGaAsP and GaInP-AlGaInP Multi-Quantum Well Structure Using a Sputtered SiO<sub>2</sub> Technique (1999)

Sputtering a thin layer of SiO 2 (≈200 nm) followed by high temperature annealing has recently been found to be very promising in promoting quantum well intermixing. The intermixing is thought to be due to point defects generated by the sputtering plasma diffusing through the material during a subsequent high temperature anneal. In this paper, we describe the technique using the sputtered SiO 2 and subsequent high temperature annealing, either by rapid thermal Annealer (RTA) or CW Nd:YAG laser operated at 1.064 µm. Differential blue shifts of up to 70 meV and 120 meV have been obtained for InGaAs-InGaAsP and GaInP-AlGaInP material systems. Extended cavity lasers have been fabricated and characterised for both material systems.
Laser induced fluorescence photobleaching anemometer for microfluidic devices (2005)

We have developed a novel, non-intrusive fluid velocity measurement method based on photobleaching of a fluorescent dye for microfluidic devices. The residence time of the fluorescent dye in a laser beam depends on the flow velocity and approximately corresponds to the decaying time of the photobleaching of the dye in the laser beam. The residence time is inversely proportional to the flow velocity. The fluorescence intensity increases with the flow velocity due to the decrease of the residence time. A calibration curve between fluorescence intensity and known flow velocity should be obtained first. The calibration relationship is then used to calculate the flow velocity directly from the measured fluorescence intensity signal. The new method can measure the velocity very quickly and is easy to use. It is demonstrated for both pressure driven flow and electroosmotic flow.
Forming and Dewatering of a Microfibrillated Cellulose Composite Paper (2015)

An approach is demonstrated for the manufacturing of a microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) composite paper. A key element in the manufacturing paradigm is the use of high consistency suspensions to improve retention and minimize the need for water removal after forming. The rheological characterization of the composite furnish, which contained 70% structured pigment, 20% MFC, and 10% pulp fibers, revealed a gel-like shear thinning behavior of the suspension, which differs greatly from traditional fiber-based papermaking furnishes. The results from laboratory and pilot scale studies show that the headbox consistency range from 5 to 10% offers the best combination of processing, forming characteristics, retention, and dewatering. While the furnish dewatering in laboratory scale was very problematic, under suitable dynamic conditions the wire section dewatering was excellent. The results of this study suggest that the MFC composite can be manufactured on a modified paper machine and that the final product will have an attractive cost structure.
Developing Client-Server Speech Translation Platform (2006)

This paper describes a client-server speech translation platform designed for use at mobile terminals. Because terminals and servers are connected via a 3G public mobile phone networks, speech translation services are available at various places with thin client. This platform realizes hands-free communication and robustness for real use of speech translation in noisy environments. A microphone array and new noise suppression technique improves speech recognition performance, and a corpus-based approach enables wide coverage, robustness and portability to new languages and domains. The experimental result for evaluating the communicability of speakers of different languages shows that task completion rates using the speech translation system of 85% and 75% are achieved for Japanese- English and Japanese-Chinese, respectively. The system also has the ability to convey approximately one item of information per 2 utterances (one turn) on average for both Japanese-English and Japanese-Chinese in a task-oriented dialogue.
xin shi qi da xue sheng jiu ye ji guan li tan xi (2011)

随着我国高等教育的改革,高等教育普及化进程加快,高中升学率逐年递增,高校毕业生的数量迅速增加,导致大学生就业越来越难,就业问题成为全国不断关注的一个话题.如何做好高校学生就业管理工作,提高高校就业率是值得高校深思的问题.本文分析了当前大学生的就业形势,并提出了就业管理措施.
Hydrous Sodium Silicates from Lake Magadi, Kenya: Precursors of Bedded Chert (1967)

Two new hydrous sodium silicates, NaSi(7)O(13)(OH)(3).3H(2)O (magadiite) and NaSi(11)O(20.5)(OH)(4).3H(2)O (kenyaite), were found in lake beds at Lake Magadi, Kenya. Both are well-crystallized layered silicates with large basal spacings. Concretions within the magadiite bed consist of kenyaite or quartz (chert) in the center, surrounded by kenyaite. In dilute acids magadiite and kenyaite are converted to 6SiO(2).H(2)O (SH), the first known crystalline hydrate of silica. The magadiite bed probably represents a chemical precipitate from alkaline brines. Percolating waters convert magadiite to kenyaite and eventually to chert. Thus a mechanism has been outlined for the formation of bedded chert deposits through inorganic precipitation. Alternations between silica-rich and iron-rich bands of iron formations may be due to concentration cycles in alkaline lakes.
Digital processing of Young's fringes in speckle photography (1990)

A new technique for fully automatic diffraction fringe measurement in pointwise analysis of speckle photographs is presented. The fringe orientation and spacing are initially estimated with the help of a 1 D fast Fourier transform (FFT). A 2-D convolution filter is then applied to enhance the estimated image. A fringe pattern with high signal-to-noise ratio is achieved, which makes feasible precise determination of the displacement components. The halo effect is also optimally eliminated in a new way by a halo-division technique. High reliability and accurate determination of displacement components are achieved over a wide range of fringe densities, with the computation time comparing favorably with those for the 2-D autocorrelation method and the iterative 2-D FFT method.
A wearable polysomnograph with an RF link to a personal computer, recorder, or the Internet (2002)

A wearable polysomnograph with a wireless RF link to a PC, portable solid-state recorder, or the Internet is presented. The device removes the need for off body cabling during sleep studies. The body worn package is 5.8"/spl times/3.15"/spl times/0.84" and weighs less than 8 ounces. It can be worn on the chest of a sleeping patient. Eighteen sensor channels including built-in SpO/sub 2/ are processed and transmitted for up to 15 hours using two AA alkaline batteries. Three receiver modalities collect data to a PC, battery powered solid-state recorder, or the Internet.
CERFACS: a European Center for High- Performance Computation (1989)

Les activites scientifiques des equipes du CERFACS sont rapportees: groupe algorithmes paralleles; groupe outils de visualisation et de post-traitement; groupe flux reels; groupe instabilite et turbulences
A new three phase AC to DC rectifier with active power factor correction (2002)

A new three phase AC to DC rectifier system with near unity input power factor and reduced input current harmonics is proposed, The proposed approach employs three SCRs and three active semiconductor switches with anti-parallel diodes to form a three phase bridge. In the proposed approach only two semiconductor device drops are encountered in the power flow path. Also the DC link inductor is unnecessary and three AC side inductors are used instead. It is shown that discontinuous input current is the preferred mode of operation to realize high quality input current. A suitable control strategy is proposed in order to minimize the input current THD. Further, a zero voltage switching strategy is implemented to minimize the switching losses. The SCRs are suitably phase controlled to limit inrush currents during starting and to provide current limiting action under overload or output short circuit conditions. During normal operation the SCRs are gated to function as diodes. A design procedure for the proposed approach to achieve near sinusoidal input currents and zero voltage switching is detailed. Simulation and experimental results on a laboratory prototype system are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Baseline Serum Cystatin C Is a Potential Predictor for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis (2018)

Baseline serum CYS-C shall be adopted to predict the potential risk of AKI in patients with acute pancreatitis.
Identification of the cis-thymine glycol moiety in oxidized deoxyribonucleic acid (1981)

5,6-Dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine (thymine glycol) is formed in DNA by reaction with oxidizing agents and as a result of ionizing and near-ultraviolet radiation. We describe a rapid purification of cis-5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine and cis-5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymidine (cis-thymidine glycol) and their use as markers in identifying the thymine glycol moiety in oxidized DNA. Both glycols were prepared by oxidation of [14C]thymine and -thymidine with KMnO4 followed by purification on Sephadex LH-20 (LH-20). [3H]DNA was oxidized with KMnO4 and the thymidine glycol in DNA identified by enzymatic digestion of the DNA followed by cochromatography of the digest with marker [14C]thymidine glycol on LH-20. The cis conformation of the glycol was confirmed by the change in the elution pattern when borate rather than water was used as eluent. Alkaline hydrolysis of a mixture of [14C]thymine glycol and oxidized [3H]DNA followed by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and LH-20 chromatographic analysis of the neutralized supernatant yielded a complex pattern of radioactive degradation products with coincidence of one 14C marker- and one [3H]-DNA-derived peak. All applied radioactivity was recovered. This methodology should be useful in determining thymine glycol content of irradiated DNA and in elucidating the mechanism by which these altered residues are removed from cellular DNA by repair enzymes.
A novel method of face detection based on fusing YCbCr and HIS color space (2009)

A face detection method for the color image with complex background is presented, which is a mixed skin-color segmentation model in both YCbCr and HIS color space constructed; The mixed skin-color segmentation model can be used to segment of possible skin regions in the original image. After skin-color segmentation, the geometrical shape information of face and the maximum of the complexity of eyes in faces can be used to detect face's position accurately. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can effectively prevent the side effects on the image caused by light condition, reduce the undetected rate, increase the speed of the face detection. Compared with other methods, this method has a very good result.