gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collectively defining context in a mobile, networked computing environment (2001)

Mobile and wireless computers are rapidly becoming popular with the general public. In our research we design and evaluate new types of applications that take advantage of the unique characteristics of these devices in novel ways. One of these applications is Graffiti, a context-aware device designed using ideas from social navigation research. This system allows users to collectively define what's relevant and interesting about a location by posting electronic notes. Users encountered a variety of benefits and problems in using Graffiti primarily related to the reliance of the system on user contributions.
Applications of Ether Amine Surfactants in Agricultural Formulations: The Known and Unexplored (2005)

Abstract Ether amines, ether amine alkoxylates, and their derivatives have found increased use as agricultural surfactants in the past decade. Most of the documented applications of ether amine surfactants have been limited to glyphosate formulations, where ether amine ethoxylates, oxides, and quats have been demonstrated to be excellent adjuvants. Because of regulatory status and availability, their application potentials in agricultural formulations have not been fully explored. In this paper, we will review the unique physical properties of ether amines and amine ethoxylates and their applications as agricultural adjuvants. The potentials of these molecules in other formulations will be explored with exemplary formulations.
In vitro evaluation of tetrazoles as a novel class of Antimycobacterium tuberculosis agents (2012)

The new compounds showed high potency and promising antitubercular activity and should be regarded as new hits for further development as a novel class of Antimycobacterium tuberculosis agents.
Class II transactivator regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in antigen presentation. (1995)

CIITA (a major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class II transactivator) has been shown to be required for the expression of MHC class II genes in both B cells and interferon gamma-inducible cells. Here we demonstrate that CIITA not only activates MHC class II genes but also genes required for antigen presentation. Mutant HeLa cells, defective in the expression of classic MHC class II genes, invariant chain, and the newly described human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-DM genes, were used to study the role of CIITA in the regulation of these genes. Upon transfection with CIITA cDNA, the mutant cells expressed all three genes, suggesting that CIITA is a global regulator for the expression of genes involved in antigen presentation.
A New Virus for Old Diseases? (2009)

A retrovirus associated with cancer is linked to chronic fatigue syndrome.
Flavor and flatulence factors in soybean protein products (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlavor and flatulence factors in soybean protein productsJoseph J. Rackis, David J. Honig, David J. Sessa, and Frederic R. SteggerdaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1970, 18, 6, 977–982Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60172a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60172a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views489Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Permanence of UV Absorbers in Plastics and Coatings (2001)

Ultraviolet absorbers (UVA's) undergo photo-degradation with quantum yields on the order of 10-6 even in glassy, unreactive matrices such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The kinetics of UVA loss in a film or coating can be described by the equation: A = log10[(1- T0)10(A0-kt) + 1] where A is the absorbance at time t, T0 is the initial transmission, A0 is the initial absorbance, and k is a zero order rate constant. The rate constant can be found as the slope of log10(10A - 1) plotted vs. exposure. The derivation and implications of these equations and a general review of UVA degradation chemistry are discussed, including the effects of the matrix material, concentration, and hindered amine light stabilizers. The rate of UV absorber loss is of relatively minor consequence when the absorber is used as a bulk additive in a polymer, but is of critical importance in the service lifetime of coatings. The kinetics of photochemical UV absorber loss and use of loss rates in coating lifetime predictions are discussed in detail.
NITROREDUCTASE: A PRODRUG‐ACTIVATING ENZYME FOR CANCER GENE THERAPY (2004)

1. The prodrug CB1954 (5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide) is activated by Escherichia coli nitroreductase (NTR) to a potent DNA-crosslinking agent. 2. Virus-mediated expression of NTR in tumour cells sensitizes them to CB1954 in vitro and in vivo, providing the basis for a strategy of cancer gene therapy. 3. A phase I trial of CB1954 in cancer patients has been completed, documenting the pharmacokinetics and establishing an acceptable dose. Subsequent trials of the replication-defective adenovirus CTL102 in patients with resectable tumours have documented expression of NTR in injected colorectal liver metastases, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck cancer and prostate cancer. Trials combining CTL102 and CB1954 are underway. 4. An oncolytic (replication-competent) adenovirus vector allowed increased expression of NTR in vitro and in a mouse tumour model, resulting in a greater reduction in tumour growth when combined with CB1954 treatment. 5. Alternative prodrugs may eventually prove superior to CB1954; a nitroaryl phosphoramide mustard prodrug activated by NTR shows a greater therapeutic index than CB1954 in a human ovarian carcinoma. 6. The crystal structure of NTR provided the basis for site-directed mutagenesis, which has identified a number of mutants with improved kinetics of CB1954 activation. These can provide improved cell sensitization to CB1954. Combinations of these are being tested. 7. The basis for a positive selection for improved NTR variants has been demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycomimetics and Glycodendrimers as High Affinity Microbial Antiadhesins. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Monochromatic aberrations provide an odd-error cue to focus direction (2002)

Monochromatic aberrations that exist in the human eye will cause differences in the appearance of the point-spread function (PSF) depending on whether there is positive or negative defocus. We establish whether it is possible to use these differences in the PSF to distinguish the direction of defocus. The monochromatic aberrations of eight subjects were measured with a Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor. Subjects also performed a forced-choice psychophysical task in which they decided whether a blurred target was defocused in front of or behind the retina. The optical system for the psychophysical task was designed to isolate the blur due to monochromatic aberrations as the only odd-error cue to the direction of defocus. Shack-Hartmann measurements showed that monochromatic aberrations increase as the pupil size increases. On average, the correct/incorrect responses for discriminating differences in the PSF for different directions of defocus were 54/46 for a 1-mm pupil and 83/17 for a 5-mm pupil, representing more than an eight-fold increase in discriminability. This discriminability extended for large amounts of defocus and also for more complex targets, such as letters. Sensitivity to the differences in the PSF for different directions of defocus increased as monochromatic aberrations increased, particularly for the even-order aberrations, which give rise to an odd-error focus cue. It was found that the ability to discriminate PSFs for different directions of defocus varied among individuals but, in general, depended on the magnitude of monochromatic aberrations.
The HCCI Concept and Control, Performed with MultiAir Technology on Gasoline Engines (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The introduction of MultiAir technology [<span class="xref">8</span>] has had a strong impact on engine performance, fuel consumption, emissions and control. This technology, intended at first for gasoline engines and applied only on intake valves, is aiming at the reduction of engine breathing losses and, as a consequence, reduction of pollutant emissions and fuel consumption, together with an improvement of maximum intake efficiency. Further positive effects of MultiAir technology have been a significant improvement of Low End Torque, engine driveability (“fun-to-drive” index) and other operating conditions (e.g. idle control).</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Current development of MultiAir technology is focusing on a better management of hot EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation), still acting only on the intake side, although with specifically designed valve lift profiles. This application of MultiAir technology is pushing gasoline engines towards new levels of performance improvements.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A further potential evolution of MultiAir technology is the controlled use of HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, usually called CAI, Controlled Auto Ignition) concept and process, like in this paper we try to explain.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Many different research teams, all over the world, have carried out important works about general, physical and chemical aspects of CAI (see, only e.g., [<span class="xref">9</span>], [<span class="xref">10</span>] and [<span class="xref">11</span>]).</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The focus here, instead, has been to only theoretically investigate - by way of reliable, coherent and global engine simulation - the opportunity of CAI introduction through valve control devices that today production has made available.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the first part of this paper, the authors present a quick review of a specific, complete, in-cylinder engine model, previously developed and accurately tuned for standard production MultiAir gasoline engines.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The second part introduces the proposed evolution of MultiAir technology: acting on both intake and exhaust valves, a further degree of freedom becomes available, and the HCCI is achievable through NVO (Negative Valve Overlap). The NVO is a well-known way ([<span class="xref">3</span>], [<span class="xref">5</span>]) to trigger the combustion conditions from conventional to controlled autoignition, and it could be managed with production MultiAir components and control techniques. Simulated results are then presented.</div></div>
Self-channeling of high-peak-power femtosecond laser pulses in air (1995)

The self-channeling of ultrashort laser pulses through 20 m of air was demonstrated. The channeled pulse was measured to have 0.75 mJ of energy, a diameter of 80 microm FWHM, and a modulated spectrum. All these values were measured to be fairly constant during the propagation of the pulse. A preliminary model is shown to explain these results.
Auger electron spectroscopy at high spatial resolution and nA primary beam currents (1975)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation G. Todd, H. Poppa, D. Moorhead, M. Bales; Auger electron spectroscopy at high spatial resolution and nA primary beam currents. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1 July 1975; 12 (4): 953–955. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.568708 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Entropy-based reliability analysis for intelligent machines (1997)

A new metric for performance assessment of intelligent machines has been developed. The method fuses concepts from the Theory of Intelligent Machines proposed by Saridis (1988) with traditional reliability analysis in the development of a measure which reflects both the uncertainty inherent in the intelligent machine and the uncertainty allowed by the task description. The metric is entropy based, and is shown to be analogous to a measure of system reliability.
Design of a PC-based intelligent instrument for electrical drives testing (2002)

This paper describes a personal computer-based intelligent instrument for electrical drives testing application. Functions provided by this instrument include collection and processing of data, load control, and fault diagnosis. These functions are supplied to help pursue our ultimate goal-to emancipate operator from tedious testing tasks. The measurement algorithm is designed by using FFT and FIR filter techniques, and the testing time is regulated through control algorithm. The installation of the instrument is done on APPLE IIe personal computer with data acquisition unit, control unit, and peripheral devices. Evaluation of the resulting instrument on a prototype laboratory electrical drive testing system shows that this novel approach has the potential use on practical applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The role of gene expression profiling in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. (2010)

For patients with identical clinical-pathological characteristics or the same stage of lung cancer, great uncertainties remain regarding how some patients will be cured while other patients will have cancer recurrence, metastasis, or death after surgical resection. Identification of patients at high risk of recurrence, those who are unlikely to respond to specific chemotherapeutic agents, is the rationale for measuring specific biochemical markers. Thus, main investigational studies nowadays are focused in identifying molecular markers of recurrence, beyond pathologic stage, after surgical treatment and factors that can predict a benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in poor prognosis subgroups, to individualize treatments. Advances in genomics and proteomics have generated many candidate markers with potential clinical value. Gene expression profiling (GEP) by microarray or real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) can be useful in the classification or prognosis of various types of cancer, including lung cancer. A number of prognostic gene expression signatures have been reported to predict survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this review, we focus on the role of GEP in early-stage NSCLC as predictive and prognostic biomarker and its potential use for a 'personalized' medicine in the years to come.
Viscometric and Light Scattering Studies on Microgel Formation by γ-Ray Irradiation to Aqueous Oxygen-free Solutions of Poly(vinyl alcohol) (1997)

The gelation process of aqueous oxygen-free solutions containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by γ-ray irradiation was studied as a function of polymer concentration. Dynamic and static light-scattering techniques as well as the usual viscometric method were employed. PVA solutions turned into a “bulk” gel upon irradiation at high concentrations around 20 g/L, which corresponds to about 10 times that termed the critical concentration. Increases in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and hydrodynamic radius (Rh) were observed before the gelation. The bulk gel did not form from diluted PVA solutions (1.6−2.0 g/L) but the solution became turbid due to the formation of microgel particles. In this process, both [η] and Rh rapidly increased when increasing the irradiation dose up to a certain level (ca. 0.3 Mrad) at which solution turbidity appeared. When the irradiation was continued over this dose, [η] decreased and Rh leveled off. We thus examined the changes in the molecular weight (Mw) and radius of gyration (Rg) and found that Rg decreased while Mw increased almost linearly. Thus, a decrease in Rg/Rh from 1.5 to 0.98 was observed in doses >0.3 Mrad. On the basis of the results obtained, we discussed in detail the mechanism of microgel formation from PVA in its diluted solution by γ-ray irradiation.
Optimal Machine Tool Setting for Hypoid Gears Improving Load Distribution (2000)

A method for the determination of optimal machine tool setting for manufacturing modified (mismatched) hypoid gears based on improved load distribution and reduced transmission errors is presented. The applied load distribution calculation is based on the conditions that the total angular position errors of the gear teeth being instantaneously in contact under load must be the same, and along the contact line of every tooth pair instantaneously in contact, the composite displacements of tooth surface points—as the sums of tooth deformations, geometrical surface separations, gear body bending and torsion, deflections of the supporting shafts, misalignments, and composite tooth errors—should correspond to the angular position of the gear. The tooth deformations consists of the bending and shearing deflections of gear teeth and of the local contact deformations of the mating surfaces. The tooth deflections are calculated by the finite element method. As the equations governing the load sharing and load distribution are nonlinear, an approximate and iterative technique is used to solve this system of equations. The method is implemented by a computer program. Using the program that was developed the influence of machine tool setting parameters for pinion manufacture on maximum tooth contact pressure, load distribution factor, and transmission errors is investigated. By successively choosing the optimal value for every machine tool setting parameter, and by applying the optimal set of these parameters, the maximum tooth contact pressure is reduced by 5.8%, the load distribution factor by 5.9%, and the angular position error of the driven gear by 65.4%, in regard to the hypoid gear pair manufactured by the machine tool setting determined by the commonly used method.
Digital chemical vapor deposition and etching technologies for semiconductor processing (1990)

A novel concept on digital chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and etching technologies is described. ArF excimer laser irradiation to a condensed Si2H6 layer on a substrate cooled to −70 °C has resulted in spatially selective poly-Si film growth. The adsorbate thickness control by gas pressure and substrate temperature allows shot by shot atomic layer growth of Si. Digital CVD of SiO2 is also achieved by a repetitive cycles of silane radical deposition and subsequent oxidation. This reaction is promoted by an alternate introduction of pulsed microwave-discharged SiH4 and O2 beams. The deposition species ejected with supersonic velocity into the high vacuum reactor fills SiO2 into a deep trench. Also, digital etching of Si monolayers has been studied for the goal of damage-free etching. A preliminary result obtained by repeating the reaction cycle consisting of adsorption of fluorine atoms on a Si surface cooled to −100 °C and subsequent Ar+ ion irradiation has realized atomic layer etching of Si(100).
A simple and rapid in vitro test system for the screening of histamine H3 ligands. (1992)

A simple and rapid functional test system for the screening of histamine H3 ligands is described. It is based on the inhibitory effect of histamine H3 agonists on electrically-evoked contractile response of isolated guinea pig intestine. Whole jejunum segments are continuously stimulated maximally (15 V) by electrical pulses with a frequency of 0.1 Hz and a duration of 0.5 msec. The resulting twitches are recorded isotonically (1.0 g) and can be completely abolished by atropine (0.1 mcM).
Reliability and validity of MRI measurement of the amygdala and hippocampus in children with fragile X syndrome (1997)

Evidence from numerous structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies has converged to implicate mesial temporal lobe structures in the pathophysiology of several developmental and psychiatric disorders. Efforts to integrate the results of these studies are challenged, however, by the lack of consistency, detail and precision in published protocols for the manual measurement of the amygdala and hippocampus. In this study, we describe a highly detailed, standardized protocol for measuring the amygdala and the hippocampus. Within the context of this protocol, we tested the inter- and intra-rater reliability of two frequently cited methods for normalizing the anatomical position of the amygdala and hippocampus prior to measurement. One method consisted of creating a coronal data set in which images are rotated in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus. The second method consisted of creating a coronal data set in which images are rotated in a plane perpendicular to the axis connecting the anterior and posterior commissures. Inter- and intra-rater reliability coefficients (using the intraclass correlation) ranged from 0.80 to 0.98, indicating that both methods for positional normalization are highly reliable. In addition, we tested the validity of each method by comparing the temporal lobe anatomy of children with fragile X syndrome to a group of unaffected children matched by age and gender. We found that hippocampal volumes in children with fragile X were significantly increased when either rotational method was used. These results replicated previous findings, suggesting that either method can be validly applied to neuronanatomic studies of pediatric populations.
[Role of natural killer cells in the antimetastatic effect of defibrinogenation with batroxobin]. (1987)

The antimetastatic effects of defibrinogenation with batroxobin were investigated in normal mice and in mice with depressed or activated natural killer (NK) cell activity. Batroxobin inhibited the formation of lung metastases after intravenous inoculation of the F10 subline of B16 melanoma. Inhibition of NK activity by treatment of mice with anti-asialo GM1 antibody abrogated the antimetastatic effects of Batroxobin. Conversely, augmentation of NK cell activity by poly I:C plus treatment with batroxobin produced additive antimetastatic effects. Studies on the mechanism of interaction between Batroxobin and NK cells revealed that Batroxobin treatment did not affect splenic NK activity in vitro. From these data, it was found that the antimetastatic effects of batroxobin are dependent on the level of NK activity in the host.