gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Oxidative Stress in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized pathologically by the presence of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and synapse loss. Increasing evidence supports a role of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta)-induced oxidative stress in the progression and pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we summarize evidence for a role of oxidative stress in the progression of AD by comparing the appearance of the same oxidized brain proteins from subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early AD (EAD), and late-stage AD, and relating these findings to the reported AD pathology. The identification of oxidized brain proteins in common in MCI, EAD, and AD brain suggest that certain key pathways are triggered and may be involved in the progression of AD. Exploring these pathways in detail may provide clues for better understanding the pathogenesis and progression of AD and also for the development of effective therapies to treat or delay this dementing disorder.
The reproductive physiology of triploid Pacific salmonids (2010)

Triploidy was induced in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, by heat shock (10 min at 26, 28 or 30°C, applied 1 min after fertilization at 10°C) and in pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Walbaum, and coho salmon, 0. kisutch Walb., by hydrostatic pressure shock (1, 2, 3 or 4 min at 69,000 kPa, applied 15 min after fertilization at 10.5°C). Triploid individuals were identified by the flow cytometric measurement of DNA content of erythrocytes stained with propidium iodide. Gonadosomatic index was reduced to a much greater extent in triploid females than males. Triploid ovaries remained very small, and contained virtually no oocytes. Triploid testes became quite large, but few cells developed beyond the spermatocyte stage. Triploid male rainbow trout had significantly lower spermatocrits than diploids, and their spermatozoa were aneuploid. Growth rates were the same for diploid and triploid rainbow trout, but triploid female pink salmon were smaller than maturing diploid females and diploid and triploid males of the same age. Triploid males of both species developed typical secondary sexual characteristics and had normal endocrine profiles for plasma sex steroids and plasma and pituitary gonadotropin, but their cycle was delayed by about one month. Triploid females developed no secondary sexual characteristics and showed no endocrine signs of maturation, even at the level of the pituitary. Vitellogenin synthesis was induced in immature diploid and triploid coho salmon by the weekly injection of 17β-estradiol. Plasma vitellogenin and pituitary gonadotropin levels were significantly elevated over levels of sham-injected fish, whereas plasma gonadotropin levels were slightly depressed. There was no significant difference between diploids and triploids for any of these results, indicating that normal vitellogenesis is not impaired by triploidy per se. It is concluded that triploids of both sexes are genetically sterile, but that only triploid females do not undergo physiological maturation. Triploid testes develop sufficiently for their steroidogenic cells to become active, which is not the case for triploid ovaries. The occasional cells that pass through the normal meiotic block develop to full maturity in triploid males but not in triploid females, probably due to the absence of the appropriate stimulus to initiate and maintain vitellogenesis. Although triploids of both sexes should make valuable tools for basic research on reproductive physiology, only the females will be useful for practical fish culture to avoid the economically detrimental effects of maturation in fish destined for human consumption.
Statistical Parameters of the Frequency Response Curves of Large Rooms (1987)

Pour un grand auditorium, la theorie prevoit des pics de reponse de 10 dB en hauteur en moyenne et avec des separations de frequence proportionnelles a l'inverse du temps de reverberation
<title>Digital Image Formation From Electronically Detected Holograms</title> (1967)

With the advent of the so-called "offset-reference" technique (Refs. 1,2,3) for recording holograms, many of the previous limita-tions of Gabor's wavefront-reconstruction process (Refs. 4,5,6) have been alleviated. It is natural, then, to consider the possible benefits offered by holography in various ap-plications where "direct" or "conventional" image formation has customarily been used.
Individual and combinatory effects of soy isoflavones on the<i>in vitro</i>potentiation of lymphocyte activation (1997)

Daidzein and genistein are two prominent soy isoflavones that have been reported as promising protectors against cancers at many sites. In a study focusing on the chemopreventive mechanisms, we previously demonstrated that daidzein was an effective immune stimulator in an in vivo murine system. In this study we further evaluated the effects of daidzein and genistein, individually and in combination, on in vitro mitogen-stimulated activation of murine lymphocytes. At physiologically relevant concentrations (0.01-10.0 microM), daidzein significantly potentiated proliferation of mixed splenocyte cultures activated with concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide in a dose-dependent manner in comparison with vehicle control, whereas genistein had no influence on the response. Although a significant cooperativity with genistein (1 microM) was observed at low concentrations of daidzein (0.01 microM) in comparison with daidzein alone, genistein failed to augment or counteract the effects of high concentrations of daidzein on lymphocyte proliferation. The secretion of cytokine interleukins-2 and -3 from concanavalin A-activated lymphocytes was significantly increased again by daidzein and was unaffected or mildly decreased by genistein. Taken together, these results demonstrate that daidzein, rather than genistein, is able to enhance in vitro activation of murine lymphocytes and suggest that more studies focusing on the immunoregulatory mechanism of soy daidzein and the potential clinical relevance are warranted.
Antenatal hydronephrosis: thresholds of renal pelvic diameter to predict insignificant postnatal pelviectasis. (1998)

We tested the parameters of gestational age and renal pelvic anteroposterior (AP) diameter of antenatally detected pelvicaliectasis for their ability to determine insignificant postnatal renal pelvic dilatation. A retrospective analysis of 10,365 antenatal sonograms revealed 121 kidneys with pelvicaliectasis, from which 99 sonograms with sufficient postnatal follow-up were reviewed. Gestational ages were classified as <20, 20-30, or >30 weeks. Thresholds of renal pelvic AP diameter in each gestational period that were predictive of postnatal insignificance were determined to be <6, <8, and <10 mm, respectively. Insignificance postnatally was defined as no or minimal renal pelvic splitting (Society for Fetal Urology grade <II/IV). By categorizing the antenatal sonograms into gestational periods and varying the threshold of AP diameter in each period, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of these parameters were 89%, 96%, 95%, and 91%, respectively. We conclude that applying these parameters to antenatal pelvicaliectasis could ultimately provide a clinical management strategy that would aid in the prediction of an insignificant postnatal outcome and obviate unnecessary investigations, anxiety, and cost.
Fuzzy logic based anomaly detection for embedded network security cyber sensor (2011)

Resiliency and security in critical infrastructure control systems in the modern world of cyber terrorism constitute a relevant concern. Developing a network security system specifically tailored to the requirements of such critical assets is of a primary importance. This paper proposes a novel learning algorithm for anomaly based network security cyber sensor together with its hardware implementation. The presented learning algorithm constructs a fuzzy logic rule base modeling the normal network behavior. Individual fuzzy rules are extracted directly from the stream of incoming packets using an online clustering algorithm. This learning algorithm was specifically developed to comply with the constrained computational requirements of low-cost embedded network security cyber sensors. The performance of the system was evaluated on a set of network data recorded from an experimental test-bed mimicking the environment of a critical infrastructure control system.
Platelets fixed with paraformaldehyde: a new reagent for assay of von Willebrand factor and platelet aggregating factor. (1975)

Present methods for assay of platelet aggregating agents use freshly prepared platelets. Much time is spent in daily preparation of platelets and standardization presents problems. The preparation of fixed washed platelets (FWP) and their use in two bioassays are described in this report. Washed human platelets were fixed for 48 hours with 4 per cent paraformaldehyde, washed twice in phosphate buffer, pH 6.4, and stored at 4 degrees C. Aggregation of FWP was studied with a macroscopic test and a light absorbance measurement. FWP did not aggregate with adenosine diphosphate, collagen, adrenalin, and thrombin. FWP aggregated with bovine or porcine plasma, poly-L-lysine, and ristocetin with normal human plasma but not with von Willebrand's disease plasma. These observations confirm the direct aggregating effect of these agents. Macroscopic aggregation times were dependent on the amount of aggregating agent (bovine plasma, normal human plasma). A quantitative assay for bovine platelet aggregating factor (PAF) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) with FWP was developed. The ability of FWP to aggregate remained unchanged after 1 month of storage at 4 degrees C. Ristocetin alone caused a decrease in light transmission of FWP suspensions, depending upon the concentration of ristocetin, but did not cause aggregation. FWP constitute a stable reagent suitable for quantitative measurement of PAF and vWF.
Psilacetin derivatives: fumarate salts of the methyl–ethyl, methyl–allyl and diallyl variants of the psilocin prodrug (2021)

The solid-state structures of the salts of three psilacetin derivatives, namely, 4-acet-oxy-<i>N</i>-eth-yl-<i>N</i>-methyl-tryptammonium (4-AcO-MET) hydro-fumarate {sys-tematic name: [2-(4-acet-yloxy-1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)eth-yl](meth-yl)ethyl-aza-nium 3-carb-oxy-prop-2-enoate}, C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>21</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> <sup>+</sup>·C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> <sup>-</sup>, 4-acet-oxy-<i>N</i>-allyl-<i>N</i>-methyl-tryptammonium (4-AcO-MALT) hydro-fumarate {systematic name: [2-(4-acet-yl-oxy-1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)eth-yl](meth-yl)prop-2-enyl-aza-nium 3-carb-oxy-prop-2-eno-ate}, C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>21</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> <sup>+</sup>·C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> <sup>-</sup>, and 4-acet-oxy-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-di-allyl-tryptammonium (4-AcO-DALT) fumarate-fumaric acid (1/1) (systematic name: bis-{[2-(4-acet-yloxy-1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)eth-yl]diprop-2-enyl-aza-nium} but-2-enedioate-(<i>E</i>)-butenedioic acid (1/1)), 2C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>23</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> <sup>+</sup>·C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> <sup>2-</sup>·C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, are reported. All three salts possess a protonated tryptammonium cation. The 4-AcO-MET and 4-AcO-MALT compounds are charge-balanced by 3-carb-oxy-acrylate (hydro-fumarate) anions. The 4-AcO-DALT complex crystallizes as a two-to-one tryptammonium-to-fumarate salt, which co-crystallizes with a fumaric acid mol-ecule. Each structure is consolidated by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Enantioselective, Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of <i>N</i>-Boc-pyrrolidine (2006)

This communication discloses the first instance of the enantioselective Pd-catalyzed alpha-arylation of N-Boc-pyrrolidine. The methodology relies on Beak's sparteine-mediated, enantioselective deprotonation of N-Boc-pyrrolidine to form the 2-pyrrolidinolithium specices in high enantiomeric ratio (er). Transmetalation of this intermediate with zinc chloride generates the stereochemically rigid, 2-pyrrolidinozinc reagent, which was readily coupled to a variety of functionalized aryl halides at room temperature using a catalyst generated from Pd(OAc)2 and PtBu3-HBF4. A diverse array of 2-aryl-N-Boc-pyrrolidines was synthesized using this methodology, providing adducts consistently in a 96:4 er. A survey of the stoichiometry revealed that as little as 0.3 equiv of zinc could be used in the coupling reaction, and the 2-pyrrolidinozinc reagent was found to exhibit stereochemical stability up to 60 degrees C. The method allows for the most convergent and reliable preparation of a broad range of functionalized 2-aryl-N-Boc-pyrrolidines in high enantioselectivity, which is highlighted in this report by the enantioselective synthesis of (R)-nicotine.
BPSD의 정신증적 증상 (2000)

치매 환자들은 인지기능의 장애와 더불어 행동 심리적증상(behavioral and psychological symptoms of de-mentia, BPSD)들을 경험한다. 치매의 임상경과 중에 발생하는 BPSD는 질병의 경과에 따라 진행되는 신경 세포군의 손상 정도를 반영하기도 하지만, 인지기능의 장애와 서로 영향을 미치게 된다. 치매 환자가 경험하는...
A new GNSS integrity monitoring based on channels joint characterization (2016)

Many GNSS (Global Navigation Satellites System) applications need high integrity performances. Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM), or similar method, is commonly used. Initially developed for aeronautics, RAIM techniques may not be fully adapted for terrestrial navigation, especially in urban environments. Those techniques use basically the pseudoranges to derive an integrity criterion. In this paper, we introduce a new integrity criterion based on the correlation quality of each channel. This quality assessment is computed from the correlation levels for each channel, all based on a single position and speed. Hence, as the so-called Direct Position Estimation (DPE), we exploit the joint behaviour of all channels to detect any incoherence at an upstream step of the processing. This Direct RAIM (D-RAIM) allows detecting possible integrity problems before it can be seen on a classical RAIM scheme that only exploits the outputs of each channel.
The Mineral-Water Interface: Where Minerals React with the Environment (2013)

The reactions that occur at the mineral–water interface are central to all geochemical processes. They affect a wide range of important Earth processes, all of which involve geochemical element cycling. Examples include weathering and soil formation, nutrient availability, biomineralization, acid mine drainage, the fate of contaminants, nuclear waste disposal, and minor element incorporation and partitioning during mineral growth. Each of these processes, and its reaction rates, is ultimately controlled by reactions that occur at mineral surfaces. Through the development of advanced analytical methods, direct observations of mineral reactions at the nanoscale have enabled exciting new possibilities for clarifying the mechanisms governing mineral–fluid reactions.
Exciton–phonon interaction in crystalline and vitreous SiO<sub>2</sub> (1983)

Abstract An investigation of the Urbach rule in crystalline SiO 2 (α‐quartz), crystalline SiO 2 Ge, and vitreous SiO 2 in the framework of the models of Dow and Redfield and of Toyozawa shows that the fundamental optical absorption edge of SiO 2 is determined by strong exciton–phonon interactions. In the crystalline and vitreous SiO 2 low‐energy excitons with E = 9.1 eV (α‐quartz) and E = 8.7 eV (glass) interact mainly with longitudinal optical phonons. In the crystalline SiO 2 Ge alloy the interaction with phonons is realized by excitons localized on germanium impurities. The exciton–phonon interaction in SiO 2 Ge and vitreous SiO 2 is stronger than in crystalline SiO 2 due to the higher degree of localization of low‐energy excitons in these disturbed SiO 2 forms. The strong exciton–phonon interaction leads to a momentary self‐trapping of the low‐energy excitons in crystalline and non‐crystalline SiO 2 and to a corresponding relaxation of the SiO 2 Ge excitons localized on Ge impurities. Numerical values of the fundamental exciton parameters are deduced and discussed.
Cystine Transport Is Defective in Isolated Leukocyte Lysosomes from Patients with Cystinosis (1982)

The activity of a cystine transport system in lysosomes prepared from the leukocytes of patients with cystinosis was found to be deficient. In normal subjects, this system was resistant to N-ethylmaleimide and demonstrated saturation kinetics. Lysosomes from individuals heterozygous for cystinosis demonstrated a reduced maximum velocity for cystine egress from lysosomes. The rate of cystine escape from normal lysosomes was enhanced by adenosine triphosphate. The availability of normal and mutant lysosomes provides a means of investigating mechanisms of amino acid transport across lysosomal membranes.
Palladium Catalyzed Asymmetric Three-Component Coupling of Boronic Esters, Indoles, and Allylic Acetates (2017)

Boronic esters react with 2-lithiated indoles to form boronate intermediates. The boronate reacts with allylic acetates in the presence of (BINAP)Pd catalysts to allylate C3 concurrent with alkyl migration from B to C2 of the indole. Overall, the process is a three-component coupling that joins an allylic acetate, and indole and an organo-B(pin) species to provide substituted indoles and indolines with high enantio-, regio-, and diastereoselectivity.
Human herpesvirus 8 acute infection of endothelial cells induces monocyte chemoattractant protein 1–dependent capillary-like structure formation: role of the IKK/NF-κB pathway (2006)

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is considered the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma, a highly vascularized neoplasm characterized by spindle-shaped cells of endothelial origin and inflammatory cell infiltration. The cell transforming ability of HHV-8 has been associated with the activation of NF-kappaB, a nuclear factor playing a pivotal role in promoting inflammation and cell proliferation; however, little is known about NF-kappaB activation during acute HHV-8 infection. In the present study, we used a recently established in vitro model of HHV-8 acute productive infection in endothelial cells to investigate the effect of HHV-8 on NF-kappaB activity and function. HHV-8 rapidly and potently induced NF-kappaB activity in endothelial cells via stimulation of the IkappaB kinase (IKK). Following IKK activation, HHV-8 selectively triggered the production of high levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), whereas it did not affect the expression of other NF-kappaB-dependent proinflammatory proteins, including TNF-alpha, IL-8, and RANTES. Deletion of NF-kappaB-binding sites in the MCP-1 enhancer resulted in significant inhibition of HHV-8-induced transcription. Furthermore, MCP-1 production was accompanied by virus-induced capillary-like structure formation at early stages of infection. The results suggest that HHV-8-induced MCP-1 may play an important role in promoting inflammation and pathogenic angiogenesis typical of HHV-8-associated lesions.
Phenylbutyrate induces LL-37-dependent autophagy and intracellular killing of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in human macrophages (2015)

LL-37 is a human antimicrobial peptide (AMP) of the cathelicidin family with multiple activities including a mediator of vitamin D-induced autophagy in human macrophages, resulting in intracellular killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In a previous trial in healthy volunteers, we have shown that LL-37 expression and subsequent Mtb-killing can be further enhanced by 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), also an inducer of LL-37 expression. Here, we explore a potential mechanism(s) behind PBA and LL-37-induced autophagy and intracellular killing of Mtb. Mtb infection of macrophages downregulated the expression of both the CAMP transcript and LL-37 peptide as well as certain autophagy-related genes (BECN1 and ATG5) at both the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, activation of LC3-II in primary macrophages and THP-1 cells was not detected. PBA and the active form of vitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3), separately or particularly in combination, were able to overcome Mtb-induced suppression of LL-37 expression. Notably, reactivation of autophagy occurred by stimulation of macrophages with PBA and promoted colocalization of LL-37 and LC3-II in autophagosomes. Importantly, PBA treatment failed to induce autophagy in Mtb-infected THP-1 cells, when the expression of LL-37 was silenced. However, PBA-induced autophagy was restored when the LL-37 knockdown cells were supplemented with synthetic LL-37. Interestingly, we have found that LL-37-induced autophagy was mediated via P2RX7 receptor followed by enhanced cytosolic free Ca(2+), and activation of AMPK and PtdIns3K pathways. Altogether, these results suggest a novel activity for PBA as an inducer of autophagy, which is LL-37-dependent and promotes intracellular killing of Mtb in human macrophages.
CMOS image sensors comprised of floating diffusion driving pixels with buried photodiode (2004)

New CMOS image sensors that can realize high quality dark scene images with pixels smaller than conventional pixel types are described. The new technologies used to develop them are floating diffusion (FD) driving pixel with a buried photodiode with three or less transistors, and low-voltage driving technologies with a new photodiode structure and FD-boost method. Through the use of the 0.25-/spl mu/m technology, prototype chips consisting of 3.45-/spl mu/m size pixels were manufactured. Prototype chips consisting of 3.1-/spl mu/m size pixels which share FD between two neighboring pixels (2-pixel-sharing) were also manufactured. The complete transfer operation, that is to say, zero lag and zero pixel kTC noise was achieved at a supply voltage of 2.5 V with manufacturing stability. Realized saturation voltages were 510 and 360 mV for 3.45-/spl mu/m and 3.1-/spl mu/m size pixel chips, respectively. In addition, a combined double-correlated double sampling (CDS) architecture which can flexibly process two sets of signals in combination were employed. Due to its small pixel size, high image quality, and output flexibility, this framework has potential for replacing charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors with CMOS image sensors in volume markets of digital still cameras and camcorders.
The precursor form of the rat liver non‐specific lipid‐transfer protein, expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, has lipid transfer activity (1992)

The cDNA encoding the precursor form of non-specific lipid-transfer protein (pre-nsL-TP) from rat liver was cloned into the expression vector pET3d. The resulting plasmid was transformed to the Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3). After induction of the bacteria with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) pre-nsL-TP was purified from the bacterial lysate by anion exchange chromatography followed by gelfiltration. From 11 of culture, 6-7 mg of pre-nsL-TP was obtained, equal to approximately 7% of the cytoplasmic protein. By use of a fluorescence lipid transfer assay, pre-nsL-TP was found to have lipid transfer activity identical to mature nsL-TP.