gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene expression in breastmilk cells is associated with maternal and infant characteristics (2015)

Breastmilk is a rich source of cells with a heterogeneous composition comprising early-stage stem cells, progenitors and more differentiated cells. The gene expression profiles of these cells and their associations with characteristics of the breastfeeding mother and infant are poorly understood. This study investigated factors associated with the cellular dynamics of breastmilk and explored variations amongst women. Genes representing different breastmilk cell populations including mammary epithelial and myoepithelial cells, progenitors, and multi-lineage stem cells showed great variation in expression. Stem cell markers ESRRB and CK5, myoepithelial marker CK14, and lactocyte marker α-lactalbumin were amongst the genes most highly expressed across all samples tested. Genes exerting similar functions, such as either stem cell regulation or milk production, were found to be closely associated. Infant gestational age at delivery and changes in maternal bra cup size between pre-pregnancy and postpartum lactation were associated with expression of genes controlling stemness as well as milk synthesis. Additional correlations were found between genes and dyad characteristics, which may explain abnormalities related to low breastmilk supply or preterm birth. Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of breastmilk cell content and its changes associated with characteristics of the breastfeeding dyad that may reflect changing infant needs.
Stable Isotopically-Enriched D-Glucose: Strategies to Introduce Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes at Various Sites (1990)

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION For many years stable isotopes were confined to the chemical laboratory, where they were used primarily to study reaction rates,1 reaction mechanisms,2 and molecular conformation.3,4 Recently, stable isotopically-enriched molecules have been playing increasing roles in biochemical studies, particularly as probes of in vitro biological metabolism5,6 and of biomacromolecular structure.7,8 These modern applications have been stimulated, in large part, by dramatic technical developments in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy9 and mass spectrometry (MS).10 Very-high field multinuclear high-resolution NMR in one-, two- and three- dimensions,11,12 and various volume-selective forms of NMR derived from topical magnetic resonance (TMR) spectroscopy,13 have become important analytical methods in the study of biological phenomena. TMR and related techniques such as ISIS (Image Selected In-Vivo Spectroscopy)14 and Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy (SPARS)15 are particularly attractive, as they permit high-resolution, volume-specific observations essential to non-invasive metabolic studies of intact organs and organisms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)16 is now a standard clinical tool for non-invasive diagnosis of disease, especially cancer, in humans. Clinical MRI is confined currently to the observation of water protons in cells, but will likely become multinuclear (e.g., 7Li, 19F, 23Na, 31P, 13C) in the future.17
Comparison of fast (one-step) and interrupted slow cooling methods using a range of intracellular and extracellular cryoprotectants for the freeze-preservation of Plasmodium yoelii-infected mouse erythrocytes (1986)

Several cryoprotectants were compared using two different cooling procedures for the cryopreservation of both normal and Plasmodium yoelii-infected mouse erythrocytes. Fast cooling to -196 degrees C by direct plunge into liquid nitrogen followed by rapid thawing in a 37 degree C water bath protected uninfected and parasitized erythrocytes against freeze-thaw damage significantly better than an interrupted slow cooling procedure in which cells were frozen to -70 degrees C at a rate of -1 degree C/min followed by storage in liquid nitrogen. Using the former procedure, the highest percentage erythrocyte recoveries (over 85%) and shortest pre-2% parasitaemia times (equivalent to unfrozen cells) in mice challenged with thawed parasitized blood were observed with the intracellular (penetrating) cryoprotectants glycerol or dimethylsulphoxide (Me2SO). At the concentrations used in this study, the extracellular (non-penetrating) cryoprotectants, hydroxyethylstarch, dextran or polyvinyl pyrrolidone were significantly less effective at protecting against freeze-thaw damage. Some evidence of freeze-thaw damage was obtained in cells fast frozen at low cell density (less than or equal to 10(4)/ml) in glycerol or Me2SO. This effect was masked when higher cell densities (10(7) to 10(8)/ml) were used. Addition of the anti-oxidant and membrane stabilizing molecules, vitamin E, sodium selenite or selenomethionine to infected erythrocytes just before and during cryopreservation, did not improve, and in one case inhibited, subsequent development in challenged mice.
Selective Aldosterone Blockade Prevents Angiotensin II/Salt-Induced Vascular Inflammation in the Rat Heart (2002)

We studied the role of aldosterone (aldo) in myocardial injury in a model of angiotensin (Ang) II-hypertension. Wistar rats were given 1% NaCl (salt) to drink and randomized into one of the following groups (n = 10; treatment, 21 d): 1) vehicle control (VEH); 2) Ang II infusion (25 ng/min, sc); 3) Ang II infusion plus the selective aldo blocker, eplerenone (epl, 100 mg/kg.d, orally); 4) Ang II infusion in adrenalectomized (ADX) rats; and 5) Ang II infusion in ADX rats with aldo treatment (20 micro g/kg.d, sc). ADX rats received also dexamethasone (12 micro g/kg.d, sc). Systolic blood pressure increased with time in all treatment groups except the VEH group (VEH, 136 +/- 6; Ang II/NaCl, 203 +/- 12; Ang II/NaCl/epl, 196 +/- 10; Ang II/NaCl/ADX, 181 +/- 7; Ang II/NaCl/ADX/aldo, 236 +/- 8 mm Hg). Despite similar levels of hypertension, epl and ADX attenuated the increase in heart weight/body weight induced by Ang II. Histological examination of the hearts evidenced myocardial and vascular injury in the Ang II/salt (7 of 10 hearts with damage, P < 0.05 vs. VEH) and Ang II/salt/ADX/aldo groups (10 of 10 hearts with damage, P < 0.05). Injury included arterial fibrinoid necrosis, perivascular inflammation (primarily macrophages), and focal infarctions. Vascular lesions were associated with expression of the inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and osteopontin in the media of coronary arteries. Myocardial injury, COX-2, and osteopontin expression were markedly attenuated by epl treatment (1 of 10 hearts with damage, P < 0.05 vs. Ang II/salt) and adrenalectomy (2 of 10 hearts with damage, P < 0.05 vs. Ang II/salt). Our data indicate that aldo plays a major role in Ang II-induced vascular inflammation in the heart and implicate COX-2 and osteopontin as potential mediators of the damage.
The Combined Effect of Drought Stress and Heat Shock on Gene Expression in Tobacco (2002)

In nature, plants encounter a combination of environmental conditions that may include stresses such as drought or heat shock. Although drought and heat shock have been extensively studied, little is known about how their combination affect plants. We used cDNA arrays, coupled with physiological measurements, to study the effect of drought and heat shock on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. A combination of drought and heat shock resulted in the closure of stomata, suppression of photosynthesis, enhancement of respiration, and increased leaf temperature. Some transcripts induced during drought, e.g. those encoding dehydrin, catalase, and glycolate oxidase, and some transcripts induced during heat shock, e.g. thioredoxin peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase, were suppressed during a combination of drought and heat shock. In contrast, the expression of other transcripts, including alternative oxidase, glutathione peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, pathogenesis-related proteins, a WRKY transcription factor, and an ethylene response transcriptional co-activator, was specifically induced during a combination of drought and heat shock. Photosynthetic genes were suppressed, whereas transcripts encoding some glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway enzymes were induced, suggesting the utilization of sugars through these pathways during stress. Our results demonstrate that the response of plants to a combination of drought and heat shock, similar to the conditions in many natural environments, is different from the response of plants to each of these stresses applied individually, as typically tested in the laboratory. This response was also different from the response of plants to other stresses such as cold, salt, or pathogen attack. Therefore, improving stress tolerance of plants and crops may require a reevaluation, taking into account the effect of multiple stresses on plant metabolism and defense.
Fibronectin Enhancement of Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing of Rabbits In Vivo (1984)

The effect of topical administration of fibronectin on corneal reepithelialization in vivo was investigated in rabbits. Rabbit plasma fibronectin was purified by affinity chromatography using gelatin-coupled agarose gel (Sepharose 4B). The concentration of purified fibronectin was adjusted to 0.75 mg/mL. Corneal epithelial cells were removed by iodine vapor in 13 rabbits (26 eyes), and the size of the epithelial defect was calculated from the printed photographs in each eye. Fibronectin or phosphate-buffered saline eye drops were instilled. Healing rate was calculated by linear regression. The mean epithelial healing rate in fibronectin-treated eyes was 1.62 +/- 0.33 sq mm/hr, whereas in the control eyes it was 1.30 +/- 0.35 sq mm/hr. This study shows that fibronectin facilitates corneal epithelial wound healing in vivo.
Modeling and design of an optimized liquid-crystal optical phased array (2005)

In this paper, the physics that determines the performance limits of a diffractive optical element based on a liquid-crystal (LC) optical phased array (OPA) is investigated by numerical modeling. The influence of the fringing electric fields, the LC material properties, and the voltage optimization process is discussed. General design issues related to the LC OPA configuration, the diffraction angle, and the diffraction efficiency are discussed. A design for a wide-angle LC OPA is proposed for high-efficiency laser beam steering. This work provides fundamental understanding for a light beam deflected by a diffractive liquid-crystal device.
Norovirus and Medically Attended Gastroenteritis in U.S. Children (2013)

Since the introduction of rotavirus vaccines, norovirus has become the leading cause of medically attended acute gastroenteritis in U.S. children and is associated with nearly 1 million health care visits annually. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).
Photon-number-resolving capabilities of a semiconductor quantum dot, optically gated, field-effect transistor (2007)

We demonstrate the photon-number-resolving capabilities of a novel quantum dot, optically gated, field-effect transistor cooled to 4 K. Peaks are observed in the detector's response to highly attenuated laser pulses in accordance with Poisson statistics.
A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF MICROVASCULAR ANASTOMOSES (1976)

The abdominal aortas of 30 rats were sutured under an operating microscope. The results were studied under a scanning electron microscope at 8 different periods after operation, ranging from 3 minutes to one month. The observations are presented.
On car steering torques at parking speeds (2003)

The steering torque at the handwheel, necessary to steer a car at zero speed, is discussed. Measurements made on a tyre alone on a static rig and measurements made on a car in normal trim are complemented by a mathematical system model. The model uses parameter values deriving partly from the tyre rig results, partly from the car specification and partly from the car results. It provides simulated behaviour matching that from the car experiments. It therefore provides a basis for understanding the results obtained and for predicting the results of design and operating changes. The various physical mechanisms involved in the steering torque are identified and their relative magnitudes, for the case considered, are established. The role of steering offset receives particular attention.
Determination of bicarbonate by ion-exclusion chromatography with ion-exchange enhancement of conductivity detection (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of bicarbonate by ion-exclusion chromatography with ion-exchange enhancement of conductivity detectionKazuhiko. Tanaka and James S. FritzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 5, 708–712Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00132a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (608 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The <b> <i>rf2</i> </b> Nuclear Restorer Gene of Male-Sterile T-Cytoplasm Maize (1996)

The T cytoplasm of maize serves as a model for the nuclear restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility. The rf2 gene, one of two nuclear genes required for fertility restoration in male-sterile T-cytoplasm (cmsT) maize, was cloned. The protein predicted by the rf2 sequence is a putative aldehyde dehydrogenase, which suggests several mechanisms that might explain Rf2-mediated fertility restoration in cmsT maize. Aldehyde dehydrogenase may be involved in the detoxification of acetaldehyde produced by ethanolic fermentation during pollen development, may play a role in energy metabolism, or may interact with URF13, the mitochondrial protein associated with male sterility in cmsT maize.
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF<i>BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS</i>I (1961)

Onoue, Kaoru, (Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan), Masayasu Kitagawa, and Yuichi Yamamura. Chemical studies on cellular components of Bordetella pertussis. I. Purification and properties of agglutinogen. J. Bacteriol. 82:648-656. 1961.-A method is described for the preparation of the agglutinogen of Hemophilus pertussis in phase I by methanol precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. High homogeneity of this agglutinogen was evidenced by chromatography, but a trace of impurity was detected by ultracentrifugal analysis and by an agar gel diffusion test.The agglutinogen produced an allergic skin reaction in rabbits which had been immunized with whole phase I organisms. Chemical studies indicate that the agglutinogen should be a simple protein in nature. The approximate molecular weight was determined to be 10,000 by Archibald's method.
Description and narrative in hypervideo (2005)

While hypertext was originally conceived as an approach to the management of scientific and technical information, it has been embraced with great enthusiasm by several members of the literary community for the promises it offers towards new approaches to narrative. Experiments with hypertext based interactive narrative were originally based solely on verbal text but have more recently extended to include digital video artifacts. The most accomplished of these experiments, HyperCafe, provided new insights into the nature of narrative and how it may be presented; but it also offered an opportunity to reconsider other text types. The paper is an investigation of the application of an approach similar to HyperCafe to a descriptive text. We discuss how the approach serves the needs of description and illustrate the discussion with a concrete example. We then conclude by considering the extent to which our experiences with description may be applied to our continuing interest in narrative.
Liver-specific androgen receptor knockout attenuates early liver tumor development in zebrafish (2019)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most severe cancer types and many genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of HCC. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is increasingly recognized as one of the important factors associated with HCC. Previously, we have developed an inducible HCC model in kras transgenic zebrafish. In the present study, to investigate the role of AR in liver tumor development, we specifically knocked out ar gene in the liver of zebrafish via the CRISPR/Cas9 system and the knockout zebrafish was named L-ARKO for liver-specific ar knockout. We observed that liver-specific knockout of ar attenuated liver tumor development in kras transgenic zebrafish at the early stage (one week of tumor induction). However, at the late stage (two weeks of tumor induction), essentially all kras transgenic fish continue to develop HCC irrespective of the absence or presence of ar gene, indicating an overwhelming role of the driver oncogene kras over ar knockout. Consistently, cell proliferation was reduced at the early stage, but not the late stage, of liver tumor induction in the kras/L-ARKO fish, indicating that the attenuant effect of ar knockout was at least in part via cell proliferation. Furthermore, androgen treatment showed acceleration of HCC progression in kras fish but not in kras/L-ARKO fish, further indicating the abolishment of ar signalling. Therefore, we have established a tissue-specific ar knockout zebrafish and it should be a valuable tool to investigate AR signalling in the liver in future.
ANISOTROPIC POLARIZED LIGHT SCATTER AND MOLECULAR FACTOR COMPUTING IN PHARMACEUTICAL CLEANING VALIDATION AND BIOMEDICAL SPECTROSCOPY (2007)

Spectroscopy and other optical methods can often be employed with limited or no sample preparation, making them well suited for in situ and in vivo analysis. This dissertation focuses on the use of a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and polarized light scatter for two such applications: the assessment of cardiovascular disease, and the validation of cleaning processes for pharmaceutical equipment. There is a need for more effective in vivo techniques for assessing intravascular disorders, such as aortic aneurysms and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. These, and other cardiovascular disorders, are often associated with structural remodeling of vascular walls. NIRS has previously been demonstrated as an effective technique for the analysis of intact biological samples. In this research, traditional NIRS is used in the analysis of aortic tissue samples from a murine knockout model that develops abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) following infusion of angiotensin II. Effective application of NIRS in vivo, however, requires a departure from traditional instrumental principles. Toward this end, the groundwork for a fiber optic-based catheter system employing a novel optical encoding technique, termed molecular factor computing (MFC), was developed for differentiating cholesterol, collagen and elastin
Undiluted Serum Eye Drops for the Treatment of Persistent Corneal Epitheilal Defects (2016)

Several studies found that 50-100% serum eye drops provided greater benefits without inducing detrimental effects on the corneal epithelial healing. This study assessed the efficacy of undiluted serum eye drops for the treatment of persistent corneal epithelial defects (PED). A total of 109 eyes received 100% serum eye drops for PED were recruited into this study. The data were compared with an historical control group of 79 eyes with PED who received conventional treatments from 2006-2011 at the same institution. Main outcome measures were complete healing of PED and incidence of adverse events. No significant difference in demographics between the 2 groups was noted. The success rate of the treatment and control groups were 87.16% (95% CI 0.79-0.93) and 69.62% (95% CI 0.59-0.80) (P = 0.001), respectively. The median time to complete epithelialization was 14 days (95% CI 12-21) in the treatment group and 28 days (95% CI 21-59) in the control group (P = 0.001). Serum treatment, primary diagnosis of non-limbal stem cell deficiency etiology, and prior contact lens wear significantly correlated with the corneal re-epithelialization. There were no serious side effects encountered during the study period. In conclusion, undiluted serum therapy is effective and safe for treating PED.
EXTRACTION OF NEEM OIL (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS) USING N-HEXANE AND ETHANOL: STUDIES OF OIL QUALITY, KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC (2008)

In this experiment, Neem oil extraction from Neem seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) with n-hexane and ethanol are presented. Effects of particle size, temperature and type of solvent on the extraction kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were studied. Results showed that the maximum oil yields were 41.11 % for ethanol and 44.29 % for n-hexane at 50oC, and 0.425-0.71 mm particle size. Based on psycho-chemical characteristics analysis showed that increasing temperature decreased iodine value but caused saponification, acid, and peroxide value became higher, which means higher extraction temperature result on higher oil yield but lower oil quality. The kinetic of neem oil extraction was derived from mass transfer rate equation. It also found that H ∆ is positive, S ∆ is positive, and G ∆ is negative indicating that this process are endotermic, irreversible, and spontaneous.
Functional expression of a human Na+/H+ antiporter gene transfected into antiporter-deficient mouse L cells. (1986)

To clone the gene for the human Na+/H+ antiporter, we first constructed a stable mouse LTK- cell line (LAP1) lacking Na+/H+ antiport activity. Second, we devised a selective technique based on acid killing that specifically sorts out cells expressing low levels of Na+/H+ antiport activity from a population of antiporter-deficient cells (AP-). LAP1 cells (TK- and AP-) were cotransformed with human genomic DNA and the thymidine kinase (TK) gene. TK+ transformants, first selected, were submitted to acid loading. The rare transformants that survived (frequency, 2-8 X 10(-7) expressed Na+/H+ antiport activity (AP+). We found that: transformation with mouse LAP1 DNA did not give rise to AP+ transformants; transformation of LAP1 cells with DNA from an altered Na+/H+ antiporter hamster variant led to AP+ transformants expressing the altered Na+/H+ antiporter of the DNA donor; human repeated sequences were present in all primary, secondary, and tertiary mouse AP+ transformants; six identical EcoRI human DNA fragments (55 kilobase pairs of the human genome) cosegregated with the Na+/H+ antiport activity in secondary and tertiary transformants. These results strongly suggest that we have stably expressed the structural gene for the human Na+/H+ antiporter in mouse cells.