gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of the Toxicology of Paraquat (1, 1′-Dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium Chloride) (1979)

(1979). Review of the Toxicology of Paraquat (1, 1′-Dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium Chloride) Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 1-46.
Ab Initio Study of Hydrogen Adsorption in MOF-5 (2009)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising adsorbents for hydrogen storage. Density functional theory and second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) are used to calculate the interaction energies between H(2) and individual structural elements of the MOF-5 framework. The strongest interaction, DeltaH(77) = -7.1 kJ/mol, is found for the alpha-site of the OZn(4)(O(2)Ph)(6) nodes. We show that dispersion interactions and zero-point vibrational energies must be taken into account. Comparison of calculations done under periodic boundary conditions for the complete structure with those done for finite models cut from the MOF-5 framework shows that the interactions with H(2) originate mainly from the local environment around the adsorption site. When used within a Multi-Langmuir model, the MP2 results reproduce measured adsorption isotherms (the predicted amount is 6 wt % at 77 K and 40 bar) if we assume that the H(2) molecules preserve their rotational degrees of freedom in the adsorbed state. This allows to discriminate between different isotherms measured for different MOF-5 samples and to reliably predict isotherms for new MOF structures.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the FimC–FimH chaperone–adhesin complex from Escherichia coli (1997)

A complex of the periplasmic chaperone FimC and the mannose-binding adhesin FimH from the Escherichia coli type 1 pilus system has been crystallized from ammonium sulfate solution using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals diffract to a minimum Bragg spacing of 2.7 A and belong to the space group P4(1)2(1)2 or P4(3)2(1)2 with cell dimensions a = b = 97.7, c = 215.9 A at room temperature. Data to 3.0 A have been collected from a single-crystal frozen to T = 100 K.
Targeting Higher‐Order DNA: Beyond the G‐Quadruplex (2009)

There must be more to DNA than this: The G-quadruplex is a higher-order DNA structure that is of interest as a potential therapeutic target. However it is not the only structure to bind small-molecule ligands, and in this minireview we describe recent studies of molecules that target three-way and four-way junctions.
Color Space Conversion via Gamut-Based Color Samples of Printer (2001)

Because many types of electronic imaging devices are now available, cross-media color reproduction technology has received widespread attention due to the need to provide accurate color stimuli for different devices. In the case of cross-media color reproduction between a monitor and a printer, RGB has to be converted into a device-independent color space in order to translate the color information between the two devices. Thereafter, gamut mapping is used to compensate for any gamut mismatch and device-independent colors have to be re-converted into output colors such as CMY control values for printing. For color conversion between device colors and device-independent colors, empirical representation using sample measurements is currently widely utilized. In the case of the printer, color samples are uniformly selected in the colorant space, printed as color patches, and then measured. However, because these color samples are not evenly distributed inside the printer gamut, the color conversion error is increased. Accordingly, this article introduces a color-sampling algorithm for a printer to reduce the error in color conversion, and the performance is analyzed via color conversion experiments using three conversion methods, regression, neural network, and interpolation.
Confocal microscopy in vivo in corneas of long-term contact lens wearers. (2002)

Long-term daily contact lens wear and its associated stromal hypoxia and acidosis have no demonstrable effect on keratocyte density. The temporal epithelium is thinner in corneas of long-term contact lens wearers than in control subjects. Decreased corneal sensitivity in contact lens wearers is not accompanied by decreased nerve fiber bundle density.
Mineral element content of greater celandine ( Chelidonium majus L.) (2005)

Chelidonii herba has long been known in herbal medicine for its choleretic, cholagogue, spasmolytic and antiviral activities. It is important to monitor the amount of mineral elements in Chelidonii herba preparations consumed mainly for their phytotherapeutical effects. In addition to organic compounds, dissoluble mineral elements in the teas and tinctures of herbs may also have a role in therapy. The concentration of 24 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Ti, V, Zn) in crude drugs (herb and root), in their aqueous solutions (infusion, decoction) and alcoholic extracts were studied by ICP-OES. The difference between the concentration of elements in extracts - except for copper, manganese and sodium - was highly significant. It has been found that the root contains higher concentrations of mineral elements except for boron, copper, phosphorus and sulphur. The infusion contained most elements in the highest concentration and proved to be the best source for obtaining minerals. The same tendency was observed in the case of dissolutions. In aqueous extracts, the dissolution of mineral elements was between 10% and 65% for most elements, especially for potassium (65%) and phosphorus (54%). The dissolution of mineral elements in the case of tinctures decreased with increasing alcohol concentration. It may be stated that the presence of macro- and microelements in extracts greatly contribute to their therapeutical value.
Crosslinking of Gelatin with Formaldehyde; a <sup>13</sup>C NMR Study (1986)

The different species formed when gaseous formaldehyde is dissolved in aqueous medium are investigated by a 13 C NMR flow-through technique and the spectra of commercial aqueous form­aldehyde solutions containing methanol completely interpreted. 13 CH 2 O was used to study the crosslinking reaction with gelatin which leads to methylene and oxymethylene bridges between gelatin-amino-groups. On ageing, hardened gelatin shows an increase in the number of methylene bridges.
Automated detection of regions of interest for tissue microarray experiments: an image texture analysis (2007)

These results indicate the high efficiency of our automated method for identifying pathologic regions of interest on histology slides. Automation of critical region identification will help minimize the inter-rater variability among different raters (pathologists) as hundreds of tumors that are used to develop an array have typically been evaluated (graded) by different pathologists. The region of interest information gathered from the whole section images will guide the excision of tissue for constructing tissue microarrays and for high throughput profiling of global gene expression.
Preparation and Characterization of a DOTA−Lysine−Biotin Conjugate as an Effector Molecule for Pretargeted Radionuclide Therapy (2005)

Pretargeted radionuclide therapy depends on the establishment of a high concentration of secondary binding sites at a tumor to which low-molecular weight radiolabeled effector molecules can be directed. This study describes the simple synthesis of an effector molecule and its subsequent characterization to determine the extent to which it complied with the ideal requirements of such a compound. (Epsilon)-DOTA-(alpha)-biotinamidolysine (DLB) was synthesized in high yield and purity using conventional SPPS methodology. High radiochemical purities were obtained when labeled with several potentially useful radionuclides. The radiolabeled analogue bound to streptavidin efficiently with a stoichiometry similar to that of native biotin and showed high stability in serum and upon challenge with acid conditions. Biodistribution studies in normal animals showed a rapid rate of clearance from the blood and low retention of radioactivity by normal tissues. This design of effector molecule therefore shows promise for further pretargeted radionuclide therapy studies.
Providing multicast video on demand using native-mode asynchronous transfer mode (2002)

A network video server and client devices have been designed and prototyped that use multicast to deliver Motion-JPEG, MPEG-1, and MPEG-2 video on top of IP, IP-over-ATM and native-mode ATM (AAL5) protocols. The server runs on a workstation-class machine, while the clients have been implemented both as a multi-threaded software entity and as a stand-alone ATM network-attached playback device. Scalability of the video distribution network is obtained by using multicast features of the underlying network. Feedback from the clients and a single video frame retransmission mechanism are used to decrease end-to-end frame loss.
A 4K GaAs bipolar gate array (1986)

A 4K GaAs gate array providing propagation delays in 32b shift registers of 230 and 550ps at 4 and 1mW dissipation for a fanout of four will be described.
Photolithographic fabrication of gated self-aligned parallel electron beam emitters with a single-stranded carbon nanotube (2008)

In this paper we report on the development of a photolithographic process to fabricate a gated-emitter array with single-stranded carbon nanotubes (CNTs) self-aligned to the center of the emitter gate using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Si tips are formed on a silicon wafer by anisotropic etching of Si using SiO(2) as a mask. Deposition of a SiO(2) insulating layer and Cr-W electrode layers creates protrusions above the Si tips. This wafer is polished, and the Cr-W on the tips is removed. Etching of the SiO(2) using hydrofluoric acid is performed to expose the gated Si tip. Incorporation of a novel diffusion process produces single-stranded CNTs by depositing a thin Ni layer on the Si tips and thermally diffusing the Ni layer to yield a catalyst particle for single-stranded CNT growth. The large surface to volume ratio at the apex of the Si tip allows a Ni particle to remain to act as a catalyst to grow a single-stranded CNT for fabricating the CNT based emitter structure. Diffusion of the Ni is carried out in situ during the heating phase of the PECVD CNT growth process at 600 °C. The diameters of the observed CNTs are on the order of 20 nm. The field emission characteristics of the gated field emitters are evaluated. The measured turn-on voltage of the gated emitter is 5 V.
Model spectrum of magnetic induction caused by ambient internal waves (1982)

Internal waves propagating in electrically conductive seawater induce weak secondary magnetic fields in the presence of the earth's magnetic field. The two‐dimensional (frequency and wave number) magnetic induction spectrum caused by ambient internal waves is estimated by using the Garrett and Munk model spectrum of ocean internal waves. Because it involves convolution integrals over depth, the magnetic induction model spectrum depends on good estimates of the vertical coherence of internal wave motion. It is demonstrated that the vertical coherence scaling predicted by the Garrett and Munk model shows adequate agreement with field measurements. The predicted power spectral levels of magnetic induction are sufficiently large that magnetometry is a potentially useful oceanographic tool.
Gradient measurements in ground magnetic prospecting (1965)

Abstract The development of electronic magnetometers, i.e., the proton-precession and fluxgate instruments, for use in ground magnetic surveys has permitted the measurement of the first-vertical derivative of the total field, or of the vertical component of that field, with negligible addition to the total cost of the survey. The gain in information is, however, significant. Curves for the vertical gradient over a vertical contact, point pole, and finite dipole are presented. The vertical contact is outlined by the zero contour for the vertical gradient of the vertical component, and the depth of burial is half the horizontal distance between the positive and negative maxima. The depth of burial of the point pole and finite dipole is approximately equal to the horizontal distance between the negative half-maximum points on the vertical-gradient curves.
Glycine Transporter Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents for Schizophrenia (2006)

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that a dysfunction in the glutamatergic neurotransmission via the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors contributes to the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. The potentiation of NMDA receptor function may be a useful approach for the treatment of diseases associated with NMDA receptor hypofunction. One possible strategy is to increase synaptic levels of glycine by blocking the glycine transporter-1 (GlyT-1) in glia cells, since glycine acts as a co-agonist site on the NMDA receptor. In this article, the author reviews the recent important patents on GlyT-1 inhibitors for treatment of schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases associated with the NMDA receptor hypofunction.
Use of Liquid Chromatography for Studying Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration (1982)

Abstract A method of observing the preferential adsorption of solute or solvent onto a polymer surface by liquid chromatography is illustrated, and the results are discussed in relation to the solute separation by reverse osmosis and membrane fouling. This method shows the existence of a preferentially adsorbed water layer at the polymer-solution interface, where its amount and thickness depend on the polymer material. The adsorption data of undissociated organic solutes indicate that cellulosic materials are intrinsically less susceptible to fouling by such solutes than synthetic polymer materials. It is also shown that the steric repulsion involved in the solute's distribution between the interfacial water phase and the bulk water phase is not sufficient to describe the solute transport through the membrane, and an additional steric effect associated with the frictional force working on the solute molecule in the membrane pore has to be considered.
Genome Replikin Count Predicts Increased Infectivity/Lethality of Viruses (2012)

Abstract The genomes of all groups of viruses whose sequences are listed on Pubmed, specimens since 1918, analyzed by a software from Bioradar UK Ltd., contain Replikins which range in concentration from a Replikin Count (number of Replikins per 100 amino acids) of less than 1 to 30 (see accompanying communications for higher Counts in tuberculosis, malaria, and cancer, associated with higher lethality). Counts of less than 4.0 were found in ‘resting’ virus states; Counts greater than 4.0, found to be associated with rapid replication, were found invariably to accompany or to predict virus outbreaks, by as much as two years, in viral hosts examined from salmon, to birds, to livestock, to humans. X-ray diffraction showed Replikins to be on the surface of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza and to spread as the Count increased from 3.2 to 10.1, prior to, then during, the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. The degree of lethality of these outbreaks was found to be a function of the statistically significant increase in Replikin Count, particularly in the influenza polymerase gene p B1 or its equivalent in other viruses. Prediction up to two years in advance of the outbreak, and the geographic location of the outbreak, now done in 7/7 trials (see Bogoch, Nature Precedings), has permitted the solid phase synthesis of Replikin vaccines in 7 days, with time to permit manufacture, adequate testing for safety and efficacy, and distribution freeze-dried to all populations. These completely synthetic Replikins vaccines so far have been shown to be effective against Taura Syndrome virus in shrimp, and H5N1 in chickens. Thus for the first time this new technology provides the practical possibility to prevent pandemics rather than just to react to them.
The effect of oscillating metabolizable protein provision on nitrogen utilization in sheep fed at maintenance level of requirement (2009)

維持レベルに相当する代謝タンパク質（MP）給与水準を48時間間隔で変動させ得る飼料給与法が，窒素（N）出納および反芻胃内微生物生産量について検討した。4頭の成雄メンヨウを供試した。飼料を維持レベルで毎日一定量給与する対照区と，MPを維持要求量の140%および60%を充足する飼料を調製し，48時間間隔で変動させて給与する変動給与区の2つの処理区を設け，それぞれ23日間給与し，全糞全尿採取法による物質出納試験，反芻行動記録および血液サンプル採取を実施した。また尿中へのプリン誘導体排泄量から，小腸への微生物体N供給量を推定した。飼料摂取量および消化試験の結果から，代謝エネルギーおよびMP摂取量に処理間差はないものと推定された。栄養素消化率は処理間で有意差はなかった。糞中N排泄量は処理間に差はなかった。摂取Nの蓄積率および吸収Nの蓄積率は処理間に差はなかったが，変動給与区が対照区と比べて高い傾向がみられた。尿中N排泄量は，対照区が変動給与区と比べて有意に高かった。血中尿素態Nおよび血糖濃度は，対照区と比べて変動給与区が有意に高かった。微生物体N供給量は処理間で差はなかったが，微生物合成効率は低MP飼料給与期が他の処理区と比べて有意に高かった。本試験によりMPの変動供給は，メンヨウの維持レベルにおいてN再循環の促進と尿中N排泄の抑制により，N利用率を向上させ得ることが示された。
Role of Delta-like-4/Notch in the Formation and Wiring of the Lymphatic Network in Zebrafish (2010)

These studies imply critical roles for Notch signaling in the formation and wiring of the lymphatic network.
Fluidic Thermistors or Fluidic Temperature Sensing With Capillaries (1977)

Described in this report is an analytical and experimental investigation of fluidic capillary temperature sensors and subsequent matching to a fluidic laminar gain block. Experimental sensor/gain-block sensitivities of 1.5 kPa/°C were obtained, which compared favorably with the analytical model. Assuming a dynamic range of 104, resolutions of 0.001°C are estimated.
Material and Process Developments for Robust and High Reliability Glass Wafers for 2.5D Packaging (2015)

Borosilicate glass based wafer technologies are being developed for next generation high speed electronic, telecom and biotech systems; that integrate heterogeneous devices in a single package for improved electrical performance. The primary key to success is to have a well understood via through the glass that can be used as a core to build wafer level packages from. The present paper will discuss developments in through hole formation technology and via metallization materials and processes. Through hole formation in borosilicate glass with corresponding wall morphology and chemistry play important roles in building robust vias through the glass. These hole characteristics and their dependence on performance, defects at the wafer level and key developments that have been achieved to overcome them will be discussed in detail.
Mapping of the antigenic determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK polar pili (1983)

The polar pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are flexible filaments 5.2 nm in diameter and 2.5 microns in average length. They consist of a single subunit, pilin, which is a 144-residue polypeptide containing a hydrophobic N-terminal region (residues 1 to 30) and eight hydrophilic regions distributed throughout the remainder of the molecule. To delineate the antigenic regions of pilin, we cleaved the protein at Arg30, Arg53, and Arg120 to produce peptides TCI (residues 1 to 30), TCII (31 to 53), TCIII (54 to 120), and TCIV (121 to 144). TCIII and TCIV were further cleaved into several subfragments. The purified peptides were coupled to bovine serum albumin by using the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 4-azidobenzoic acid and were then subjected to immunological analysis, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot procedures with polyclonal antiserum. Four antigenic regions were identified; one in TCI was found to be common to both PAK and PAO pilin. The remaining three were found to be specific to PAK pilin. Two of these were subfragments of TCIII, whereas the third was located close to the C-terminus of the molecule, most likely between Cys129 and Cys142. Modification of these cysteines by reduction and carboxymethylation of the disulfide linkage did not abolish the antigenicity of the C-terminal type-specific antigenic determinant.
Phase II trial of vinorelbine/doxorubicin as first-line therapy of advanced breast cancer. (1994)

PURPOSE The study investigated the therapeutic effects of a combination of Navelbine (vinorelbine or 5'noranhydrovinblastine; Pierre Fabre Médicament, Boulogne, France) and doxorubicin in women who had received no prior chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-seven patients with progressive and assessable advanced or metastatic breast cancer who had received no prior chemotherapy except in an adjuvant setting were entered onto the study. Eighty-nine patients were assessable for toxicity and response by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria; the other eight patients were excluded because they did not meet entry criteria or because of protocol violations. Navelbine was administered at 25 mg/m2 by 30-minute intravenous (IV) infusion on days 1 and 8, and doxorubicin at 50 mg/m2 by slow IV infusion on day 1, with each course repeated at 3-week intervals. Patients were treated for a maximum of 11 cycles or until progression or major toxicity. RESULTS Objective responses were observed in 66 of 89 assessable patients (74%; 95% confidence interval, 63% to 85%). There were nineteen (21%) complete responses (CRs) and 47 (53%) partial responses (PRs). In addition, 20 patients (22.5%) had stable disease and three (3.5%) progressed while on treatment. Responses were observed at all sites of metastatic disease. Forty-one of 58 patients with visceral disease responded (71%) and 25 of 31 with soft tissue and bone disease experienced an objective response (81%). The median duration of response was 12 months (range, 2.4 to 40.5), and the median overall survival was 27.5 months (range, 4 to 46). Neutropenia was dose-limiting, with 36 patients (41%) experiencing grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Of 727 cycles administered, there were 20 admissions (3%) for treatment of febrile neutropenia, involving 14 of 89 patients (16%). Treatment-related cardiotoxicity at grade 2 to 4 was experienced by 10% of patients and necessitated the interruption of treatment in 1.5% of cycles. Other side effects were uncommon or manageable by conventional means. CONCLUSION The encouraging response rates and duration achieved with this combination of Navelbine/doxorubicin under the conditions of this study deserve further randomized comparative trials with standard regimens.
The Nature of Extracellular Iron Influences Iron Acquisition by<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Residing within Human Macrophages (2004)

We have reported that Mycobacterium tuberculosis residing within the phagosomes of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) can acquire Fe from extracellular transferrin (TF) and sources within the MDM. In the lung, Fe is also bound to lactoferrin (LF) and low-molecular-weight chelates. We therefore investigated the ability of intraphagosomal M. tuberculosis to acquire Fe from these sources. M. tuberculosis acquired 30-fold and 3-fold more Fe from LF and citrate, respectively, compared to TF, in spite of similar MDM-associated Fe. M. tuberculosis infection decreased MDM-associated Fe relative to uninfected MDM as follows: TF (38.7%), citrate (21.1%), and LF (15.3%). M. tuberculosis Fe acquisition from extracellular chelates (exogenous source) and from endogenous MDM Fe initially acquired from the three chelates (endogenous source) was compared. M. tuberculosis Fe acquisition was similar from exogenous and endogenous sources supplied as Fe-TF. In contrast, there was much greater intracellular M. tuberculosis Fe uptake from LF and citrate from the exogenous than endogenous source. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) reduced MDM Fe uptake from each chelate by approximately 50% and augmented the M. tuberculosis-induced decrease in MDM Fe uptake from exogenous TF, but not from LF or citrate. IFN-gamma minimally decreased intracellular M. tuberculosis Fe acquisition from exogenous Fe-TF but significantly increased Fe uptake from LF and citrate. Intraphagosomal M. tuberculosis Fe acquisition from both exogenous and endogenous MDM sources, and the effect of IFN-gamma on this process, is influenced by the nature of the extracellular Fe chelate. M. tuberculosis has developed efficient mechanisms of acquiring Fe from a variety of Fe chelates that it likely encounters within the human lung.