gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modern concepts of packaging surgical needles and suture. (1994)

A new, innovative packaging system for surgical needles and sutures has been developed that meets the special needs of surgical technologists. This packaging system consists of an overwrap, or breather pouch, as well as an innerwrap containing the suture swaged to a surgical needle. The flaps of the overwrap are offset and serrated to facilitate the opening and sterile transfer of the inner packet to the sterile field. The inner packet contains either a plastic labyrinth, or craft board that maintains the suture as straight as possible until knot construction. The needle swaged to a suture is 'parked' in foam to protect its sharp cutting edges and point.
Luminescence of Three Forms of Zinc Orthophosphate:Mn (1951)

Three forms of zinc orthophosphate:manganese have been found. The α form corresponds in x‐ray diffraction pattern to the published values. The luminescence is green, the peak wavelength being 5540 Å. It is produced when manganese concentrations are below 1 mole per cent, or when higher concentrations are not heated above 700°C. The β form has a red luminescence with a peak at 6380 Å. This formation occurs at manganese concentrations above 1 mole per cent and firing temperatures above 800°C. The γ form may be produced by additions of magnesium orthophosphate above 3 mole per cent. The emission is similar to the β form with a peak at 6320 Å, and of somewhat lowered intensity.
Look at energy compression as an assist for high power RF production (1984)

The desire to construct electron linacs of higher and higher energies, coupled with the realities of available funding and real estate, has forced machine designers to reassess the limitations in both accelerator gradient (MeV/m) and energy. The gradients achieved in current radio-frequency (RF) linacs are sometimes set by electrical breakdown in the accelerating structure, but are in most cases determined by the RF power level available to drive the linac. In this paper we will not discuss RF power sources in general, but rather take a brief look at several energy compression schemes which might be of service in helping to make better use of the sources we employ. We will, however, diverge for a bit and discuss what the RF power requirements are. 12 references, 21 figures, 3 tables.
The use of epidural morphine to decrease postoperative pain in patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy. (1984)

In a double-blind study of fifty patients that was done to test the ability of epidural morphine to decrease the discomfort after lumbar laminectomy, we found that during the first postoperative day the patient's pain was lessened appreciably but that the total dose of morphine received postoperatively was not diminished. We used a three-milligram dose of epidural morphine, and there were no problems with respiratory depression. The addition of epinephrine to the morphine solution had no beneficial effect.
Pancreatic Cancer–Specific Cell Death Induced <i>In Vivo</i> by Cytoplasmic-Delivered Polyinosine–Polycytidylic Acid (2014)

Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid [pIC] is a synthetic dsRNA that acts as an immune agonist of TLR3 and RLR to activate dendritic and natural killer cells that can kill tumor cells. pIC can also trigger apoptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDAC) but its mechanism of action is obscure. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic activity of a formulation of pIC with polyethylenimine ([pIC](PEI)) in PDAC and investigated its mechanism of action. [pIC](PEI) stimulated apoptosis in PDAC cells without affecting normal pancreatic epithelial cells. Mechanistically, [pIC](PEI) repressed XIAP and survivin expression and activated an immune response by inducing MDA-5, RIG-I, and NOXA. Phosphorylation of AKT was inhibited by [pIC](PEI) in PDAC, and this event was critical for stimulating apoptosis through XIAP and survivin degradation. In vivo administration of [pIC](PEI) inhibited tumor growth via AKT-mediated XIAP degradation in both subcutaneous and quasi-orthotopic models of PDAC. Taken together, these results offer a preclinical proof-of-concept for the evaluation of [pIC](PEI) as an immunochemotherapy to treat pancreatic cancer.
A Kinase-deficient Splice Variant of the Human JAK3 Is Expressed in Hematopoietic and Epithelial Cancer Cells (1995)

Signal transduction of cytokine receptors is mediated by the JAK family of tyrosine kinases. Recently, the kinase partners for the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor have been identified as JAK1 and JAK3. In this study, we report the identification of splice variants that may modulate JAK3 signaling. Three splice variants were isolated from different mRNA sources: breast (B), spleen (S), and activated monocytes (M). Sequence analysis revealed that the splice variants contain identical NH2-terminal regions but diverge at the COOH termini. Analyses of expression of the JAK3 splice isoforms by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on a panel of cell lines show splice preferences in different cell lines: the S-form is more commonly seen in hematopoietic lines, whereas the B- and M-forms are detected in cells both of hematopoietic and epithelial origins. Antibodies raised against peptides to the B-form splice variant confirmed that the 125-kDa JAK3B protein product is found abundantly in hematopoietic as well as epithelial cells, including primary breast cancers. The lack of subdomain XI in the tyrosine kinase core of the B-form JAK3 protein suggests that it is a defective kinase. This is supported by the lack of detected autokinase activity of the B-form JAK3. Intriguingly, both the S and B splice isoforms of JAK3 appear to co-immunoprecipitate with the IL-2 receptor from HUT-78 cell lysates. This and the presence of multiple COOH-terminal splice variants coexpressed in the same cells suggest that the JAK3 splice isoforms are functional in JAK3 signaling and may enrich the complexity of the intracellular responses functional in IL-2 or cytokine signaling.
Optical waveguide of LiNbO3 thin film grown by liquid phase epitaxy (1975)

We report optical waveguiding of a LiNbO3 single−crystal film grown onto a c−plate LiTaO3 substrate by liquid phase epitaxy from a new Li2O−V2O5 flux. A film of about 3−μm thickness supported seven TE and two TM modes. Measurements of the mode indices indicated that the film is a ’’uniform’’ waveguide having constant refractive indices no=2.2884 and ne=2.1914 throughout the film. Attenuation was measured to be 5 and 11 dB/cm for TM and TE, respectively.
Inhibition of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> Migration from the Midgut to the Salivary Glands following Feeding by Ticks on OspC-Immunized Mice (2000)

Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks were fed on either OspC-immunized mice or normal, nonimmunized mice. After 72 h, the ticks were detached, followed by dissection and subsequent culturing in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelley II medium of the salivary glands from each tick to determine the presence of borreliae. Forty percent (10 of 25) of salivary glands from ticks that had fed on nonimmunized mice were culture positive, while only 7.4% (2 of 27) of salivary glands from ticks that had fed on OspC-immunized mice were culture positive, thus indicating a much reduced borrelial migration from the midgut when the bloodmeal contained anti-OspC antibodies. Fluorescent antibody staining of the corresponding midguts from ticks that had fed on the OspC-immunized mice showed that borreliae were present but did not produce OspC. In contrast, borreliae in midguts from ticks that had fed on normal mice demonstrated substantial ospC expression. This study provides evidence that, during tick feeding on an OspC-immunized host, transmission of borreliae from the tick is prevented; it also suggests that OspC functions in a tick-to-host transmission mechanism.
"A More Efficient Alternative to Fines in Deterring Corporate Misconduct" (2000)

¶1 Sanctions that focus on fines or imprisonment as efficient deterrence measures for corporate misconduct generally neglect the more efficient policy of sanctioning through stigma. Unlike sanctions that fine or imprison corporate offenders, a policy that formally imposes stigma upon corporate processes and products adequately accounts for the true social costs of inefficiency that result when a pricing system of fines accommodates corporate “pay to pollute” behavior. “Pay to pollute” describes a corporate response to fines and damage awards that treats them as predictable business expenses that can be weighed against the cost of changing a product or process to make it safer. Recent proposals to revise the Sentencing Reform Act, scholarship by
Monitoring jitter and packet loss in VoIP networks using speech quality features (2011)

In VoIP services over heterogeneous networks the values of network parameters, such as packet loss rate, delay and delay jitter are generally unavailable. As a result, ensuring QoS by means of reliable call routing is impaired. In this paper we report on the development of a network conditions estimator, based on the analysis and classification of the received speech signal. The developed system was tested in a variety of network and traffic conditions. It correctly detects network conditions at an average rate of 68%.
Knockdown of Lymphoid Enhancer factor 1 Inhibits Colon Cancer Progression In Vitro and In Vivo (2013)

Expression of lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) is frequently altered in different human cancers. This study aimed to assess LEF1 expression in colon cancer tissues and to explore changed phenotypes, gene expressions, and the possible mechanism after knocked down LEF1 expression in colon cancer cell lines. A total of 106 colon cancer and matched paratumorous normal tissues were used to assess LEF1 expression using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. LEF1 lentivirus was used to knockdown LEF1 expression for the assessment of cell viability, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and gene expressions. The nude mouse xenograft assay was performed to detect the effects of LEF1 knockdown in vivo. The data showed that the levels of LEF1 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in human colon cancer tissues compared to the matched paratumorous normal tissues and were associated with infiltration depth, lymph node and distant metastases, advanced TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stages, and shorter overall survival. Furthermore, LEF1 knockdown reduced tumor cell viability, invasion capacity, MMP2 and MMP-9 expression, but induced apoptosis. Nude mouse xenograft assay showed that LEF1 knockdown suppressed tumor formation and growth in vivo. In addition, the expression of Notch pathway-related proteins RBP-jκ and Hes1 was reduced in LEF1 knockdown cells. Taken together, LEF1 protein was overexpressed in colon cancer tissues and knockdown of LEF1 expression inhibited colon cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that targeting of LEF1 expression should be further evaluated for colon cancer prevention and therapy.
A Routing Protocol for LoRA Mesh Networks (2018)

A limitation of current LoRa networks is their single-hop nature. This causes difficulties in areas with poor Internet access, such as remote rural areas, or challenging radio environments, for example in metropolitan areas, as the LoRa gateway must be placed at a location with backhaul access to the network server, but must nonetheless be reachable by all end devices. To facilitate these applications, we present a new routing protocol to enable mesh networking with LoRa, allowing for multihop networking between gateways to extend coverage. Our protocol is tailored specifically to the requirements of LoRa networks. We have developed a proof-of-concept implementation of the protocol and have shown its effectiveness in both laboratory tests and a field trial in a real-world LoRa deployment.
Evidence of membrane damage in Lactobacillus bulgaricus following freeze drying (1997)

The mechanism of inactivation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus due to freeze drying was investigated. Cells were freeze-dried in skim milk powder, maltodextrin, glycerol, trehalose and water. Results are presented confirming previous authors’observations regarding membrane damage during freeze drying. In an attempt to define more clearly the nature of this damage, further experiments were carried out. Results show that following freeze drying changes occur in the unsaturated: saturated fatty acid ratio, a decrease in the activity of the membrane-bound enzyme ATPase and a loss of ΔpH.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Formation and Activation in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Therapeutic Target for Antimetabolic Syndrome Remedy FTZ (2018)

The Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation not only serves as an intracellular machinery triggering inflammation but also produces uncanonical effects beyond inflammation such as changing cell metabolism and increasing cell membrane permeability. The present study was designed to test whether this NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the "two-hit" injury during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and whether it can be a therapeutic target for the action of Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ), a widely used herbal remedy for hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome in China. We first demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation as well as lipid deposition occurred in the liver of mice on the high-fat diet (HFD), as shown by increased NLRP3 aggregation, enhanced production of IL-1<i>β</i> and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and remarkable lipid deposition in liver cells. FTZ extracts not only significantly reduced the NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation but also attenuated the liver steatosis and fibrogenic phenotype changed. In <i>in vitro</i> studies, palmitic acid (PA) was found to increase colocalization of NLRP3 components and enhanced caspase-1 activity in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), indicating enhanced formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by PA. PA also increased lipid deposition. Nlrp3 siRNA can reverse this effect by silencing the NLRP3 inflammasome and both with FTZ. In FTZ-treated cells, not only inflammasome formation and activation was substantially attenuated but also lipid deposition in HSCs was blocked. This inhibition of FTZ on lipid deposition was similar to the effects of glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor. Mechanistically, stimulated membrane raft redox signaling platform formation and increased O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup> production by PA to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in HSCs was blocked by FTZ treatment. It is concluded that FTZ extracts inhibit NASH by its action on both inflammatory response and liver lipid metabolism associated with NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation.
Multifunctional acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 is essential for very long chain fatty acid elongation and embryo development in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2003)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) catalyses the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA, forming malonyl-CoA, which is used in the plastid for fatty acid synthesis and in the cytosol in various biosynthetic pathways including fatty acid elongation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ACC1 and ACC2, two genes located in a tandem repeat within a 25-kbp genomic region near the centromere of chromosome 1, encode two multifunctional ACCase isoforms. Both genes, ACC1 and ACC2, appear to be ubiquitously expressed, but little is known about their respective function and importance. Here, we report the isolation and characterisation of two allelic mutants disrupted in the ACC1 gene. Both acc1-1 and acc1-2 mutations are recessive and embryo lethal. Embryo morphogenesis is impaired and both alleles lead to cucumber-like structures lacking in cotyledons, while the shortened hypocotyl and root exhibit a normal radial pattern organisation of the body axis. In this abnormal embryo, the maturation process still occurs. Storage proteins accumulate normally, while triacylglycerides (TAG) are synthesised at a lower concentration than in the wild-type seed. However, these TAG are totally devoid of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and consequently enriched in C18:1, like all lipid fractions analysed in the mutant seed. These data demonstrate, in planta, the role of ACCase 1 in VLCFA elongation. Furthermore, this multifunctional enzyme also plays an unexpected and central function in embryo morphogenesis, especially in apical meristem development.
STEREOSELECTIVE TRANSFORMATION OF 2,4-ALKADIENOIC ESTERS TO THE 3,5-DIENOIC ISOMERS WITH LITHIUM DIISOPROPYLAMIDE (LDA) (1984)

Abstract Treatment of 2(E),4(Z)-alkadienoic esters with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) at −80 °C gave 3(E),5(E)-isomers with 81–98% stereoselectivity. In contrast, treatment of 2(E),4(E)-isomers with LDA gave 3(E),5(z)-isomers with 72–80% stereoselectivity.
Long‐lasting inhibitory activity of the hetrazepinic BN 50730 on exudation and cellular alterations evoked by PAF and LPS (1994)

1. Inhibitory effects of the hetrazepinic derivative BN 50730 on the rat pleural inflammatory response, triggered by PAF or lipopolysaccharides (LPS), were examined. The type of pharmacological blockade exerted by this antagonist in in vitro assays of eosinophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation were also investigated. 2. Intrathoracic injection of PAF (1 microgram per cavity) caused a 4 fold increase in the extravasated protein within 15 min and led to a marked eosinophil accumulation 24 h post-challenge. BN 50730 (0.5-10 micrograms per cavity) inhibited exudation by PAF dose-dependently without modifying the response induced by histamine, bradykinin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). 3. The kinetics of the inhibitory effect on exudation revealed that the actions of WEB 2086 and BN 52021 (10 micrograms per cavity) were over within 2 and 4 h respectively, whereas BN 50730 (10 micrograms per cavity) retained 80% of its inhibitory activity for 4 days. 4. Oral treatment with BN 50730 (10-20 mg kg-1, 1 h beforehand) suppressed the leucocyte accumulation and late eosinophilia observed 6 and 24 h after PAF respectively, but did not modify the eosinophilia induced by leukotriene B4 (LTB4) or bradykinin. BN 50730 also failed to reduce the eosinophil accumulation induced by LPS but drastically inhibited the neutrophil influx. 5. The pre-incubation of rat peritoneal eosinophils for 10 min with BN 50730 (30 nM-1 microM) dose-dependently inhibited the chemotaxis induced by PAF (0.1 microM) in vitro. The IC50 values for BN 52021, WEB 2086 and BN 50730 in this system were 5, 5 and 0.05 microM respectively. 6. In separate assays, rat peritoneal eosinophils and rabbit washed platelets were preincubated with BN 50730 or WEB 2086 (1 pM) then subjected to a series of at least two consecutive washings in order to remove the antagonist from the receptor environment. Under such conditions, only the cells pretreated with WEB 2086 recovered the sensitivity to the lipid.7. We conclude that BN 50730 is a potent, specific and long-acting PAF antagonist and its effect seems to result from a high affinity and non-competitive interaction of the drug with the PAF receptor.
Neuropsychiatric aspects of Alzheimer's disease (1996)

Altered cholinergic function is a prominent feature of AD. The neuropsychological impairments of AD are attributed, at least partially, to the cholinergic disturbance, and current approaches to treatment of the cognitive abnormalities attempt to enhance cholinergic function. Behavioral changes are common in AD and include psychosis, agitation, depression, anxiety, personality alterations, and neurovegetative changes. The contribution of the cholinergic deficiency to the behavioral alterations has been little explored, but neurochemical, neuroanatomic, pharmacologic, and clinical observations suggest that the cholinergic deficiency contributes importantly to the neuropsychiatric dimension of AD. Investigation of the role of cholinergic dysfunction in the behavioral changes of AD will improve understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of these abnormalities and may lead to new types of therapy for the neuropsychiatric disturbances associated with this common dementing disorder.
BIOCHEMISTRY OF CANCER (1960)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Frequency-agile, miniaturized slot antenna for hand-held devices (2010)

In this paper, a frequency-agile, miniaturized slot antenna suitable for use in hand-held devices is proposed. First of all, in order to design an electrically short slot, one end of the slot is terminated by a capacitance chosen according to a simple resonator model. The design concept is verified by both simulation and experiment, and is shown to be feasible. Instead of a constant capacitive termination, the frequency agility is attained by utilizing a varactor diode, of which the capacitance can be controlled by changing its bias voltage. A prototype antenna having a slot length of 20 mm and terminated by a varactor diode exhibits a continuously tunable resonant frequency between 0.78 GHz and 2.09 GHz as the bias voltage is adjusted from 0 V to 20 V.
On the Quantitative Evaluation of Edge Detection Schemes and their Comparison with Human Performance (1975)

A technique for the quantitative evaluation of edge detection schemes is presented. It is used to assess the performance of three such schemes using a specially-generated set of images containing noise. The ability of human subjects to distinguish the edges in the presence of noise is also measured and compared with that of the edge detection schemes. The edge detection schemes are used on a high-resolution satellite photograph with varying degrees of noise added in order to relate the quantitative comparison to real-life imagery.
All cyclophilins and FK506 binding proteins are, individually and collectively, dispensable for viability in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1997)

The cyclophilins and FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) bind to cyclosporin A, FK506, and rapamycin and mediate their immunosuppressive and toxic effects, but the physiological functions of these proteins are largely unknown. Cyclophilins and FKBPs are ubiquitous and highly conserved enzymes that catalyze peptidyl-prolyl isomerization, a rate-limiting step during in vitro protein folding. We have addressed their functions by a genetic approach in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Five cyclophilins and three FKBPs previously were identified in yeast. We identified four additional enzymes: Cpr6 and Cpr7, which are homologs of mammalian cyclophilin 40 that have also recently been independently isolated by others, Cpr8, a homolog of the secretory pathway cyclophilin Cpr4, and Fpr4, a homolog of the nucleolar FKBP, Fpr3. None of the eight cyclophilins or four FKBPs were essential. Surprisingly, yeast mutants lacking all 12 immunophilins were viable, and the phenotype of the dodecuplet mutant resulted from simple addition of the subtle phenotypes of each individual mutation. We conclude that cyclophilins and FKBPs do not play an essential general role in protein folding and find little evidence of functional overlap between the different enzymes. We propose that each cyclophilin and FKBP instead regulates a restricted number of unique partner proteins that remain to be identified.