gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Permolybdate and Pertungstate-Potent Stimulators of Insulin Effects in Rat Adipocytes: Mechanism of Action (1995)

In previous studies, tungstate and molybdate were found to mimic the biological actions of insulin. It was suggested that these metallooxides initially inhibit vanadate-sensitive protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTPase). This, in turn, stimulates a staurosporine-sensitive cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase (cytPTK), which activates several insulin bioeffects via insulin-independent pathways (Shisheva & Shechter, 1991, 1993; Elberg et al., 1994). Tungstate and molybdate, however, facilitate bioeffects in rat adipocytes only at high (millimolar) concentrations (Goto et al., 1992). We report here that incubations of tungstate or molybdate with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) result in the formation of pertungstate (pW, peroxide of tungstate) or permolybdate (pMo, peroxide of molybdate). Pertungstate and permolybdate were found to stimulate all or most of the insulin bioeffects in rat adipocytes. Moreover, these permetallooxides are 80-180-fold more potent stimulators than the corresponding metallooxides. This shift in potency resembles that of pervanadate relative to vanadate in stimulating the same effect in rat adipocytes (Fantus et al., 1989). pW and pMo are also active in normalizing blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Further studies aimed at understanding the higher efficacy of this permetallooxide revealed the following: (a) All three permetallooxides (pV, pW, pMo) are oxidizing agents relative to reduced glutathione (GSH). They oxidize stoichiometric amounts of GSH to GSSG. (b) All three metallooxides do not oxidize GSH to GSSG. (c) Both metallooxides and permetallooxides inhibit rat adipocytic PTPase at micromolar quantities (IC50 = 3-10 microM). Permetallooxides, however, inhibited a larger PTPase fraction (80-100%) compared to metallooxides (40-70% of the total).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genetic landscape of Rett syndrome-like phenotypes revealed by whole exome sequencing (2019)

Our study provides a new landscape including additional genetic variants contributing to RTT-like phenotypes, highlighting the importance of comprehensive genetic analysis.
The Molecular Basis of Self-Association of Antibodies to IgG (Rheumatoid Factors) in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1974)

The serum and synovial fluid of many patients with rheumatoid arthritis contain immune complexes composed of immunoglobulin G (IgG). In this study such complexes from one patient are shown to be formed by self-association of IgG-antibodies to IgG (IgG-rheumatoid factors), so that each molecule serves as an antibody as well as an antigen. All F(ab')(2) and Fab' fragments derived from these complexes have antibody binding sites for normal IgG. Due to a high association constant in the formation of a cyclic complex by these antibodies, normal IgG is excluded as an antigen. These studies serve as a model for further elucidation of presence of similar immune complexes in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Synthesis of the Carboline Disaccharide Domain of Shishijimicin A (2011)

A synthetic route to the carboline disaccharide domain (2) of shishijimicin A (1) has been developed. The convergent synthesis relies on a novel application of the Reetz-Müller-Starke reaction to form the central, sulfur-bearing quaternary carbon center and addition of the carboline structural motif as a dianion to a disaccharide aldehyde fragment.
Direct Conversion of Cellulose into Ethyl Lactate in Supercritical Ethanol–Water Solutions (2015)

Biomass-derived ethyl lactate is a green solvent with a growing market as the replacement for petroleum-derived toxic organic solvents. Here we report, for the first time, the production of ethyl lactate directly from cellulose with the mesoporous Zr-SBA-15 silicate catalyst in a supercritical mixture of ethanol and water. The relatively strong Lewis and weak Brønsted acid sites on the catalyst, as well as the surface hydrophobicity, were beneficial to the reaction and led to synergy during consecutive reactions, such as depolymerization, retro-aldol condensation, and esterification. Under the optimum reaction conditions, ∼33 % yield of ethyl lactate was produced from cellulose with the Zr-SBA-15 catalyst at 260 °C in supercritical 95:5 (w/w) ethanol/water.
Advances in Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (1998)

A Survey of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Literature, by Kurt L. Shlager, Lockheed-Martin Missiles and Space Company, Sunnyvale, CA and John B. Schneider, Washington State University. High-Order Methods, by Eli Turkel, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Time-Domain Analysis Using Multiresolution Expansions, by Linda P. B. Katehi, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor James F. Harvey, U.S. Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC and Emmanouil Tentzeris, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta. Explicit Time-Domain Solutions of Maxwell's Equations via Generalized Grids, by Stephen D. Gedney, University of Kentucky, Lexington J. Alan Roden, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta Niel K. Madsen, Lawrence-Livermore National Laboratory, CA and Alireza H. Mohammadian, William F. Hall, Vijaya Shankar, and Christopher M. Rowell, Rockwell Science Center, Thousand Oaks, CA. The Perfectly Matched Layer Absorbing Medium, by Stephen D. Gedney, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Analysis of Periodic Structures, by James G. Maloney and Morris P. Kesler, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta. Modeling of Antennas, by James G. Maloney, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta and Glenn S. Smith, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta. High-Speed Electronic Circuits with Active and Nonlinear Components, by Bijan Houshmand, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, CA Tatsuo Itoh, UCLA and Melinda Piket-May, University of Colorado, Boulder. Physics-Based Modeling of Millimeter-Wave Devices, by Samir M. El-Ghazaly, Arizona State University, Tempe. Microcavity Resonators, by Susan C. Hagness, University of Wisconsin, Madison. FDTD in Bioelectromagnetics: Safety Assessment and Medical Applications, by Om. P. Gandhi, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. Imaging and Inverse Problems, by Weng C. Chew, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Antibodies against H5 and H9 Avian Influenza among Poultry Workers in China (2009)

The authors assessed the risk of avian influenza virus infection among humans by conducting a serologic surveillance study in Guangzhou. The findings highlight the potential risk of H9 avian influenza virus to public health.
Overexpression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E in <i>N</i>-nitrosomethylbezylamine-induced rat esophageal tumorigenesis (1996)

Dysregulation of G1 cyclins has been implicated in several human malignancies. To further investigate the role of G1 cyclins in chemical carcinogenesis, the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E was analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical studies in N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced rat esophageal tumorigenesis. Cyclin D1 mRNA levels were increased 2.8-fold in 25 week (P < 0.05) and 6.8-fold in 45 week (P < 0.01) papillomas induced by NMBA, when compared with normal rat esophageal epithelium. Cyclin E mRNA levels were increased 6.2-fold in 25 week (P < 0.01) and 6.9-fold in 45 week (P < 0.01) papillomas. Immunohistochemical staining revealed exclusive nuclear staining of both cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Furthermore, there was a sequential increase in cyclin D1- and cyclin E-positive cells from normal epithelium, to preneoplastic lesions, to papillomas. These findings suggest that overexpression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E occur relatively early in rat esophageal tumorigenesis and participate in tumor progression in this model.
Trennung von Tocopherolen und Tocotrienolen durch HPLC (1992)

Abstract Die jeweils vier Tocopherole (T) und Tocotrienole (T3) sowie Plastochromanol‐8 (P‐8) und BHA wurden bei der HPLC an einer Diol‐Säule durch Elution mit n‐Hexan/tert‐Butylmethylether (96 + 4, v/v) vollständig voneinander getrennt. Sogar für die stellungsisomeren β‐und γ‐Tocopherole und ‐Tocotrienole gelang die Trennung bis zur Grundlinie. Die Arbeitsweise wurde mit Erfolg an mehreren pflanzlichen Ölen erprobt, die direkt ohne Aufarbeitung injiziert wurden. Für Getreide wurde eine vereinfachte Extraktionsmethode entwickelt und der Gehalt an T, T3 und P‐8 von 9 Getreidearten bestimmt. Das Trenn‐system war über sechs Monate hinweg stabil.
Biocompatibility Improvement of NiTi with a Functionally Graded Surface (2002)

NiTi alloys are among the most important materials for biomedical and dental implants, such as orthodontic dental arch wires, medical guide wires, and endovascular stents. Our research explores plasma source ion implantation (PSII) for creating a functionally graded surface on NiTi to improve surface characteristics important for wear and corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of NiTi. Localized corrosion susceptibility and corrosion behavior during abrasive wear were tested in Hanks’ balanced salts solution. Although oxygen-implantation was shown to reduce localized corrosion resistance, wear-corrosion resistance was improved by the surface modification. Heat treatment and pseudoelasticity of NiTi were also found to have an influence. Changes in adsorbed protein distribution on control vs. oxygen-implanted NiTi were studied via labeling with anti protein antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold particles. Low voltage high-resolution SEM images indicated that protein distribution was impacted by oxygen implantation. Oxygen-implanted samples displayed the same or less protein attachment as control samples.
Identification and Characterization of Chlorin e<sub>4</sub> Ethyl Ester in Sera of Individuals Participating in the Chlorophyllin Chemoprevention Trial (2000)

Chlorophyllin (CHL), a mixture of water soluble derivatives of chlorophyll, has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) carcinogenesis and AFB(1)-DNA adduct formation in rainbow trout and rats [Breinholt, V., Hendricks, J., Pereira, C., Arbogast, D., and Bailey, G. (1995) Cancer Res. 55, 57-62; Kensler, T. W., Groopman, J. D., and Roebuck, B. D. (1998) Mutat. Res. 402, 165-172]. The chemopreventive action of CHL has been previously attributed to molecular complexing. In 1997, a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of CHL was conducted in Qidong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. At the completion of the study, when serum samples were regrouped by subject identification number, it was noted that many of the participant samples were green in color. Using HPLC, ESI/MS, and MS/MS techniques, serum samples from individuals receiving CHL were found to contain previously unreported copper chlorin e(4) ethyl ester (CuCle(4) ethyl ester) as well as copper chlorin e(4) (CuCle(4)). Both chlorins originated in the study tablet, were absorbed into the bloodstream, and conferred a green color to the sera. This initial finding of in vivo absorption and bioavailability of two chlorin derivatives suggests that the mechanism of CHL chemoprevention may lie in the actions of these two components in vivo in addition to preventing carcinogen absorption from the gut.
An integrated approach to federated identity and privilege management in open systems (2007)

Online partnerships depend on federations of not only user identities but also of user entitlements across organizational boundaries.
Aerobic Oxidative Desulfurization: A Promising Approach for Sulfur Removal from Fuels (2008)

Cleaning up their act: Sulfur compounds in fuels can be selectively converted into SO2 by mixing the fuel with a small amount of air at around 300 °C at ambient pressure in a continuous-flow reactor packed with catalysts such as Pt/CeO2, Cu/CeO2, and CuO/ZnO/Al2O3. The aerobic oxidative desulfurization process opens up a cost-effective new technology for cleaning fuels.
<i>ent</i>-Kaurane Diterpenoids from <i>Isodon pharicus</i> (2009)

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Isodon pharicus led to the isolation of 13 new ent-kaurane diterpenoids, compounds 1-13, together with 12 known analogues (14-25). The structures of the new compounds were determined by means of extensive spectroscopic techniques including interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Selected compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against NB4, A549, PC-3, MCF-7, and SH-SY5Y cell lines.
Applying Heat Maps in a Web-Based Collaborative Graph Visualization (2014)

The visual analysis of large and complex networks is a challenging task in many fields, such as systems biology or social sciences. Often, various domain experts work together to improve the analysis time or the quality of the analysis results. Collaborative visualization tools can facilitate this process. We propose a new web-based visualization environment which supports distributed, synchronous and asynchronous collaboration for graphs with up to 10,000 nodes and edges. In addition to standard collaboration features like event tracking or synchronizing, our client/server-based system provides visualization and interaction techniques for better navigation, guidance and overview of the overall data set. During asynchronous collaborations, network changes made by specific analysts or even just visited elements are highlighted on demand by heat maps. These heat map representations are user-sensitive in a sense that the current analyst is able to perceive which changes were made by others.
Translation validation for an optimizing compiler (2000)

We describe a translation validation infrastructure for the GNU C compiler. During the compilation the infrastructure compares the intermediate form of the program before and after each compiler pass and verifies the preservation of semantics. We discuss a general framework that the optimizer can use to communicate to the validator what transformations were performed. Our implementation however does not rely on help from the optimizer and it is quite successful by using instead a few heuristics to detect the transformations that take place. The main message of this paper is that a practical translation validation infrastructure, able to check the correctness of many of the transformations performed by a realistic compiler, can be implemented with about the effort typically required to implement one compiler pass. We demonstrate this in the context of the GNU C compiler for a number of its optimizations while compiling realistic programs such as the compiler itself or the Linux kernel. We believe that the price of such an infrastructure is small considering the qualitative increase in the ability to isolate compilation errors during compiler testing and maintenance.
Welding with combination of two CO2-lasers - Advantages in processing and quality (1993)

Welding with high power CO2-lasers has proved to be an accepted technology for joining in engineering and automotive industry. Combining two beams that originate from two separate lasers on a specific gantry system offers a large range of new parameters, which can be used for optimization of process stability and efficiency as well as of quality of the weld seam. With a special focusing device an independent variation of the focal conditions of each beam can be achieved. The superposition of the beams was investigated with respect to their effects upon the weldability of several materials and improvements of the welding process itself.
Rapid detection of Streptococcus agalactiae from swabs by peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (2009)

The applicability of the PNA FISH (peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization) method for detection of Streptococcus agalactiae [group B streptococci (GBS)] from swab samples was evaluated. Three swab-sample-processing protocols with different time-to-result (TTR) values were compared: (i) direct smearing of fresh swabs onto microscope slides (n=153, TTR 2.5 h), (ii) further extraction and concentration of cells from these same swabs (n=153, TTR 2.7 h), and (iii) short-term LIM broth enrichment culture incubation (7 h, 37 degrees C) of fresh swabs (n=120, TTR 9.5 h). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for GBS PNA FISH for sample processing procedures, with TTR values of 2.5, 2.7 and 9.5 h, were 68, 100, 100 and 95 %; 91, 100, 100 and 98 %; and 100, 100, 100 and 100 %; respectively. Improved test results were achieved by subjecting swabs to an extraction procedure or abbreviated LIM broth enrichment culture incubation prior to performing GBS PNA FISH.
Study on metal adhesion mechanisms in high density interconnect printed circuit boards (2002)

Strong chemical reactions between metal and polymer substrates significantly enhance adhesion of the metal to the polymer. This study investigated the adhesion of three types of thin film metals, including Cu, NiCr, and Cr, to a fully epoxy-based polymer. Before depositing these thin film metals, the epoxy surface was treated with either an Ar or O plasma etch. It was found that NiCr and Cr produced higher peel strengths than Cu, but NiCr and Cr did not produce different peel strengths than each other. It was also found that O plasma etch produced higher peel strengths than Ar plasma etch. An XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) study was performed to determine the reactivities of the metal thin films with the epoxy. Both the Ni and Cr of the NiCr thin film reacted with the epoxy, forming metal oxide at the metal-epoxy interface. It was determined that Cr thin film reacted more strongly, forming slighty more metal oxide at the metal-epoxy interface. Cu was not seen to react strongly with the epoxy. Thermodynamic information supported the relative amounts of oxides found by XPS. When comparing the Ar-treated to the O-treated samples for the NiCr and Cr metal types, more oxide was seen on the O-treated samples.
Sodium metabisulphite initiated aqueous polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (1982)

Sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5) has been found to initiate the aqueous polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) at 35°C in phosphate buffer solutions of pH 6.85 and a constant ionic strength (μ) of the media in an inert atmosphere of pure nitrogen. The reaction has a well defined induction period which is a function of the concentrations of the initiator, of the monomer and also of temperature. The polymerisation is signalled by the sudden appearance of a haze at the end of the induction period in a given run, and the polymer separates out as a coarse precipitate during the progress of the polymerisation reactions. When the conversion is over 50 per cent complete, the polymerisation media looks like a thick curd if the monomer concentration is relatively high. The rate of polymerisation is found to decrease with conversion or time in a given run, and the initial rate (vp), obtained by extrapolating the linear yield/time versus time curves to zero time, keeping the conversion below 10 percent, is found as where (I) = initiator concentration in the range, (0.26 to 3.94) × 10−3 (mol dm−3), and (M) = monomer concentration in the range 0.019 to 0.141 (mol dm−3). At high initiator concentrations, the rate of polymerisation is found to decrease. In a given run, the viscosity average molecular weights (M v) of the polymers is found to increase quickly with a conversion of up to 25 to 30 percent, and then slowly with the further increase in conversion. (Mv) however is found to decrease with the increase of the initiator concentrations at a given conversion but increases with the increase of the monomer concentrations. Hydroquinone inhibits the polymerisation reactions, whereas air is found to increase the induction period, but later enhances the polymerisation rate in the same run. It has been shown that the bisulphite addition reaction of MMA is not important under the experimental conditions, and the polymerisation occurs by the free radical mechanism. The rate constant (k2) of the reaction, has been estimated from the analytical data as, k2 = 14.62 × 10−2 (dm3 mol−1 s−1) at 35°C.
Modeling of attenuation and dispersion (1993)

Abstract At the present time, proper solutions for absorption modeling are based on wavefield extrapolation techniques which, in some instances, may be considered expensive. Two alternative, low cost, but incomplete solutions exist in the literature. The first models dispersion in the frequency domain in accordance with the Futterman dispersive relations but does not consider attenuation. The second models both attenuation and dispersion in the time domain but assumes a digital minimum-phase formulation that results in an inadequate treatment of the dispersion. We show that this second solution can be adapted to perform attenuation and/or dispersion modeling in agreement with the Futterman attenuation-dispersion relationships thus obviating the shortcoming mentioned above. Synthetic and real data examples are shown to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
The Effect of Renal Function on Changes in Circulating Concentrations of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol after An Oral Dose (1982)

1. 1,25- Dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] was administered orally to four normal subjects and six patients with chronic renal failure not on dialysis. The serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was measured by radioimmunoassay in both groups from samples taken before, and at regular intervals up to 48 h after, the oral dose. 2. The plasma half-time for the disappearance of the administered 1,25-(OH)2D3 was estimated by determining the time for a 50% reduction from the peak increment of the sterol. In normal subjects the calculated value ranged from 5 to 8 h compared with 18 to 44 h in uraemic patients. 3. It appears from our studies that in uraemic subjects there is impaired ability to metabolize or excrete 1,25-(OH)2D3.
Local regulation of [<sup>3</sup>H]‐noradrenaline release from the isolated guinea‐pig right atrium by P<sub>2X</sub>‐receptors located on axon terminals (2000)

In this study the regulation of cardiac sympathetic outflow by presynaptic P(2X) receptor-gated ion channels was examined. ATP (30 microM - 1 mM) and other P2-receptor agonists elicited [(3)H]-noradrenaline ([(3)H]-NA) outflow from the isolated guinea-pig right atrium with the potency order of ATP>2-methyl-thioATP>alpha,beta-methylene-ATP=ADP, whereas ss, gamma-methylene-L-ATP was inactive. Ca(2+)-free conditions abolished both electrical field stimulation (EFS)- and ATP-evoked release of tritium. Unlike from EFS-induced outflow, ATP-induced [(3)H]-NA outflow was not reduced by omega-Conotoxin-GVIA (100 nM), Cd(2+) (100 microM) and tetrodotoxin (1 microM). The rapid extracellular decomposition of ATP was revealed by HPLC analysis. However, the effect of ATP to promote [(3)H]-NA release was not prevented by 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 250 nM), 3, 7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 250 nM), or by reactive blue 2 (RB2, 10 microM), antagonists of A(1)-, A(2)- and inhibitory P(2) receptors. Zn(2+) (50 microM), the P(2X)-receptor modulator potentiated, and P(2X) receptor antagonists, i.e. suramin (300 microM), pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS, 30 microM) and 2'-o-(trinitrophenyl)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (TNP-ATP, 30 microM) antagonized the ATP (1 mM)-evoked response. RT - PCR study revealed the expression of P(2X2) and P(2X3) receptor mRNAs in guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion. PPADS (30 microM) significantly reduced the EFS-induced [(3)H]-NA outflow in the presence DPCPX (250 nM) and RB2 (10 microM). In summary a P(2X)-type purinoceptor regulates noradrenaline release from the isolated right atrium of the guinea-pig. The pharmacological profile of the receptor resemble to homo-oligomeric P(2X3) or hetero-oligomeric P(2X2)/P(2X3) complexes, and provide a new target to intervene on sympathetic neuroeffector transmission at the presynaptic site.