gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The geomicrobiology of gold (2007)

Microorganisms capable of actively solubilizing and precipitating gold appear to play a larger role in the biogeochemical cycling of gold than previously believed. Recent research suggests that bacteria and archaea are involved in every step of the biogeochemical cycle of gold, from the formation of primary mineralization in hydrothermal and deep subsurface systems to its solubilization, dispersion and re-concentration as secondary gold under surface conditions. Enzymatically catalysed precipitation of gold has been observed in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea (for example, Thermotoga maritime, Pyrobaculum islandicum), and their activity led to the formation of gold- and silver-bearing sinters in New Zealand's hot spring systems. Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), for example, Desulfovibrio sp., may be involved in the formation of gold-bearing sulphide minerals in deep subsurface environments; over geological timescales this may contribute to the formation of economic deposits. Iron- and sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (for example, Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans) are known to breakdown gold-hosting sulphide minerals in zones of primary mineralization, and release associated gold in the process. These and other bacteria (for example, actinobacteria) produce thiosulphate, which is known to oxidize gold and form stable, transportable complexes. Other microbial processes, for example, excretion of amino acids and cyanide, may control gold solubilization in auriferous top- and rhizosphere soils. A number of bacteria and archaea are capable of actively catalysing the precipitation of toxic gold(I/III) complexes. Reductive precipitation of these complexes may improve survival rates of bacterial populations that are capable of (1) detoxifying the immediate cell environment by detecting, excreting and reducing gold complexes, possibly using P-type ATPase efflux pumps as well as membrane vesicles (for example, Salmonella enterica, Cupriavidus (Ralstonia) metallidurans, Plectonema boryanum); (2) gaining metabolic energy by utilizing gold-complexing ligands (for example, thiosulphate by A. ferrooxidans) or (3) using gold as metal centre in enzymes (Micrococcus luteus). C. metallidurans containing biofilms were detected on gold grains from two Australian sites, indicating that gold bioaccumulation may lead to gold biomineralization by forming secondary 'bacterioform' gold. Formation of secondary octahedral gold crystals from gold(III) chloride solution, was promoted by a cyanobacterium (P. boryanum) via an amorphous gold(I) sulphide intermediate. 'Bacterioform' gold and secondary gold crystals are common in quartz pebble conglomerates (QPC), where they are often associated with bituminous organic matter possibly derived from cyanobacteria. This may suggest that cyanobacteria have played a role in the formation of the Witwatersrand QPC, the world's largest gold deposit.
Purification and Properties of Strictosidine Synthase, the Key Enzyme in Indole Alkaloid Formation (1979)

A new enzyme, strictosidine synthase, which catalyzes the synthesis of 3-alpha(S)-strictosidine from tryptamine and secologanin was isolated from the soluble protein extract of Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures and was purified approximately 50-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Ultrogel AcA34 and isoelectric focusing. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was 34000. The pH optimum was 6.8, apparent Km values for tryptamine and secologanin were 2.3 mM and 3.4 mM respectively for the enzyme to synthesize strictosidine. Strictosidine synthase shows high substrate specificity. No apparent cofactor requirement could be demonstrated. Of several enzyme inhibitors tested, only p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibited the enzyme. The enzyme was relatively stable and could be stored at -20 degrees C for periods of up to 1 year without appreciable loss of catalytic activity. The enzyme was demonstrated to occur in suspension cultures of 15 different species belonging to 9 different genera of the indole-alkaloid-producing subfamily Plumerioideae of the Apocynaceae family. This enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of strictosidine the key intermediate in the formation of the majority of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids occurring in the plant kingdom.
Hepatoprotective and antihyperliposis activities of<i> in vitro</i> cultured<i> Anoectochilus formosanus</i> (2003)

The pharmacological effects of an aqueous extract of the whole plants of in vitro cultured Anoectochilus formosanus were investigated experimentally for hepatoprotective and antihyperliposis activities. The extract showed significant antihepatotoxic activity against carbon tetrachloride induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. In an assay for antihyperliposis using aurothioglucose-induced obese mice, the extract suppressed significantly the increase in the weights of body and liver, ameliorated triglyceride levels in the liver and serum, and also significantly reduced the deposition of adipose tissue.
“Braingame Brian”: Toward an Executive Function Training Program with Game Elements for Children with ADHD and Cognitive Control Problems (2013)

In the area of childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, there is an urgent need for new, innovative, and child-focused treatments. A computerized executive functioning training with game elements aimed at enhancing self-control was developed. The first results are promising, and the next steps involve replication with larger samples, evaluating transfer of training effects to daily life, and enhancing motivation through more gaming elements.
The Air Traffic Flow Management Problem with Enroute Capacities (1998)

Throughout the United States and Europe, demand for airport use has been increasing rapidly, while airport capacity has been stagnating. Over the last ten years the number of passengers has increased by more than 50 percent and is expected to continue increasing at this rate. Acute congestion in many major airports has been the unfortunate result. For U.S. airlines, the expected yearly cost of the resulting delays is currently estimated at $3 billion. In order to put this number in perspective, the total reported losses of all U.S. airlines amounted to approximately $2 billion in 1991 and $2.5 billion in 1990. Furthermore, every day 700 to 1100 flights are delayed by 15 minutes or more. European airlines are in a similar plight. Optimally controlling the flow of aircraft either by adjusting their release times into the network (ground-holding) or their speed once they are airborne is a cost effective method to reduce the impact of congestion on the air traffic system. This paper makes the following contributions: (a) we build a model that takes into account the capacities of the National Airspace System (NAS) as well as the capacities at the airports, and we show that the resulting formulation is rather strong as some of the proposed inequalities are facet defining for the convex hull of solutions; (b) we address the complexity of the problem; (c) we extend that model to account for several variations of the basic problem, most notably, how to reroute flights and how to handle banks in the hub and spoke system; (d) we show that by relaxing some of our constraints we obtain a previously addressed problem and that the LP relaxation bound of our formulation is at least as strong when compared to all others proposed in the literature for this problem; and (e) we solve large scale, realistic size problems with several thousand flights.
A novel three-wavelength demultiplexer utilizing the two- and three-guide couplers (1993)

A novel coupler-type demultiplexer fabricated by K/sup +/-ion exchange in soda-lime glass and applicable to three wavelengths with arbitrary wavelength spans is described. The output light-power extinction ratios of about -20 dB were measured for the operation wavelengths of 1.152, 1.310, and 1.523 mu m. A simple method of designing for the structure parameters is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vibrotactile activation of the auditory cortices in deaf versus hearing adults (2007)

Neuroplastic changes in auditory cortex as a result of lifelong perceptual experience were investigated. Adults with early-onset deafness and long-term hearing aid experience were hypothesized to have undergone auditory cortex plasticity due to somatosensory stimulation. Vibrations were presented on the hand of deaf and normal-hearing participants during functional MRI. Vibration stimuli were derived from speech or were a fixed frequency. Higher, more widespread activity was observed within auditory cortical regions of the deaf participants for both stimulus types. Life-long somatosensory stimulation due to hearing aid use could explain the greater activity observed with deaf participants.
SparCML: High-Performance Sparse Communication for Machine Learning (2018)

Applying machine learning techniques to the quickly growing data in science and industry requires highly-scalable algorithms. Large datasets are most commonly processed "data parallel" distributed across many nodes. Each node's contribution to the overall gradient is summed using a global allreduce. This allreduce is the single communication and thus scalability bottleneck for most machine learning workloads. We observe that frequently, many gradient values are (close to) zero, leading to sparse of sparsifyable communications. To exploit this insight, we analyze, design, and implement a set of communication-efficient protocols for sparse input data, in conjunction with efficient machine learning algorithms which can leverage these primitives. Our communication protocols generalize standard collective operations, by allowing processes to contribute arbitrary sparse input data vectors. Our generic communication library, SparCML, extends MPI to support additional features, such as non-blocking (asynchronous) operations and low-precision data representations. As such, SparCML and its techniques will form the basis of future highly-scalable machine learning frameworks.
The Differential Effects of Diestrous Progestogen Administration on Proestrous Gonadotrophin Levels (1975)

Progesterone or d-norgestrel, a totally synthetic progestogen, administered subcutaneously at 1330 h on diestrus (Day 2) of 4-day cyclic rats, inhibited ovulation and increased the vaginal cycle length in a dose-related manner, d-norgestrel was at least 5 times as potent an inhibitor of ovulation as progesterone. The dose-related inhibition of ovulation was directly related to suppression of the proestrous serum LH surge. Proestrous serum FSH levels were not depressed at the minimum dose of d-norgestrel that produced both a 100% reduction in ovulation (MED100) and a significant decrease in proestrous serum LH. However, progesterone produced a significant decrease in proestrous serum FSH at its anti-ovulatory MED100- Progesterone and d-norgestrel were equipotent (100 μg⁄100 g BW) with respect to significant suppression of proestrous serum FSH levels. Follicular growth was retarded, but only at the higher doses of either progestogen which suppressed FSH and LH. These data suggest that a) the increase in acute anti-ovulatory potency of a synthetic non-estrogenic progestogen over progesterone lies in its ability to reduce selectively serum LH levels at low doses, b) the progestational block of ovulation takes place via the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and not the ovary, and c) the retardation of follicular growth that accompanies ovulatory inhibition after diestrous administration of high doses of a progestogen takes place only when both serum FSH and LH are significantly reduced. (Endocrinology97: 885, 1975)
Antibacterial Activity of a Competence-Stimulating Peptide in Experimental Sepsis Caused by <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2004)

Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major cause of human disease, produces a 17-mer autoinducer peptide pheromone (competence-stimulating peptide [CSP]) for the control of competence for genetic transformation. Due to previous work linking CSP to stress phenotypes, we set up an in vivo sepsis model to assay its effect on virulence. Our data demonstrate a significant increase in the rates of survival of mice, reductions of blood S. pneumoniae counts, and prolonged times to death for mice treated with CSP. In vitro the dose of CSP used in the animal model produced a transitory inhibition of growth. When a mutant with a mutation in the CSP sensor histidine kinase was assayed, no bacteriostatic phenotype was detected in vitro and no change in disease outcome was observed in vivo. The data demonstrate that CSP, which induces in vitro a temporary growth arrest through stimulation of its cognate histidine kinase receptor, is able to block systemic disease in mice. This therapeutic effect is novel, in that the drug-like effect is obtained by stimulation, rather than inhibition, of a bacterial drug target.
Study on material flow of wheat roots using isotope tracers (1992)

Absorption activity of wheat, roots and. its, correlation with roots nutrient flow and leaf photosynthate flow were studied by using ~(32)P and ~(14)C tracer technique.The results showed that the function stage of wheat roots was in synchronous relation to the growth progress of leaf age in axial stem.The roots occured in n/0 leaf age gave the full function, in n+3/0 leaf age.It could be concluded, that function. leaf and function root are partners in transportation and distribution of nutrient flow ata certain leaf stage.
Neural Computing - An Introduction (1990)

Neural computing is one of the most interesting and rapidly growing areas of research, attracting researchers from a wide variety of scientific disciplines. Starting from the basics, Neural Computing covers all the major approaches, putting each in perspective in terms of their capabilities, advantages, and disadvantages. The book also highlights the applications of each approach and explores the relationships among models developed and between the brain and its function.A comprehensive and comprehensible introduction to the subject, this book is ideal for undergraduates in computer science, physicists, communications engineers, workers involved in artificial intelligence, biologists, psychologists, and physiologists.
The Creative Endowment (1975)

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
Preparation, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cement Board with Expanded Perlite Based Composite Phase Change Material for Improving Buildings Thermal Behavior (2015)

Here we demonstrate the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and thermal energy storage performance of construction elements made of cement and form-stable PCM-Rubitherm® RT 28 HC (RT28)/expanded perlite (EP) composite phase change materials (PCMs). The composite PCMs were prepared by adsorbing RT28 into the pores of EP, in which the mass fraction of RT28 should be limited to be no more than 40 wt %. The adsorbed RT28 is observed to be uniformly confined into the pores of EP. The phase change temperatures of the RT28/EP composite PCMs are very close to that of the pure RT28. The apparent density and compression strength of the composite cubes increase linearly with the mass fraction of RT28. Compared with the thermal conductivity of the boards composed of cement and EP, the thermal conductivities of the composite boards containing RT28 increase by 15%-35% with the mass fraction increasing of RT28. The cubic test rooms that consist of six boards were built to evaluate the thermal energy storage performance, it is found that the maximum temperature different between the outside surface of the top board with the indoor temperature using the composite boards is 13.3 °C higher than that of the boards containing no RT28. The thermal mass increase of the built environment due to the application of composite boards can contribute to improving the indoor thermal comfort and reducing the energy consumption in the buildings.
Glycosylated amyloid‐like proteins in the structural extracellular polymers of aerobic granular sludge enriched with ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria (2018)

A new type of structural extracellular polymers (EPS) was extracted from aerobic granular sludge dominated by ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. It was analyzed by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy to characterize specific amino acids and protein secondary structure, and by SDS-PAGE with different stains to identify different glycoconjugates. Its intrinsic fluorescence was captured to visualize the location of the extracted EPS in the nitrifying granules, and its hydrogel-forming property was studied by rheometry. The extracted EPS is abundant with cross ß-sheet secondary structure, contains glycosylated proteins/polypeptides, and rich in tryptophan. It forms hydrogel with high mechanical strength. The extraction and discovery of glycosylated proteins and/or amyloids further shows that conventionally used extraction and characterization techniques are not adequate for the study of structural extracellular polymers in biofilms and/or granular sludge. Confirming amyloids secondary structure in such a complex sample is challengeable due to the possibility of amyloids glycosylation and self-assembly. A new definition of extracellular polymers components which includes glycosylated proteins and a better approach to studying them is required to stimulate biofilm research.
Structural proteins of Western equine encephalitis virus: amino acid compositions and N-terminal sequences (1983)

The structural proteins of Western equine encephalitis virus, a member of the alphavirus group, have been characterized by the determination of their amino acid compositions and by N-terminal sequence analysis. More than 60 residues of the N-terminal sequences of each of the envelope glycoproteins have been determined. A comparison of these sequences with the previously determined sequences of two related alphaviruses. Sindbis virus and Semliki Forest virus, strongly supports the view that all three viruses have evolved from a common ancestor and provides information on the pattern of this evolution. The analysis of the capsid proteins of Western equine encephalitis virus shows that the nucleocapsid of this virus can accommodate a considerable degree of variability in its protein component and that at least some regions of alphavirus capsid proteins show more extensive differences between different viruses than do the envelope glycoproteins.
Control software for home automation, design aspects and position paper (2003)

The home is an eternal, heterogeneous, distributed computing environment which must be secure and reliable. Computers and embedded processors in the home are all different shapes and sizes and ages. Hence the home poses one of the most challenging environments for co-operative programming. We envisage that control software is introduced into the home by four different methods varying from embedded ROM code to applets generated from a combination of natural language and gesture with wands. But we argue that, in the long term, all of it must be represented in a common, formally-verifiable language and conform to a common scripting convention. The AutoHan project at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory is the umbrella under which we are trying to grow these ideas.
The Self-Serv environment for Web services composition (2003)

Self-Serv aims to enable the declarative composition of new services from existing ones, the multiattribute dynamic selection of services within a composition, and peer-to-peer orchestration of composite service executions. Self-Serv adopts the principle that every service, whether elementary or composite, should provide a programmatic interface based on SOAP and the Web Service Definition Language. This does not exclude the possibility of integrating legacy applications, such as those written in CORBA, into the service's business logic. To integrate such applications, however, first requires the development of appropriate adapters. The paper considers how the mechanism for composing services in Self-Serv is based on two major concepts: the composite service and the service container.
Photochemically Induced Cortical Infarction in the Rat. 2. Acute and Subacute Alterations in Local Glucose Utilization (1986)

Local CMRglu (LCMRglu) values were measured by [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography in the rat at 4 h and 5 days following photochemically induced cortical infarction, and these data were compared with neuropathological findings in adjacent serial sections. At both time periods, LCMRglu was markedly reduced within the lesion center, and irregular regions of moderate-to-marked glucose hypermetabolism were noted within the marginal zone of the developing infarct. At 4 h, the hypermetabolic zones were shown by pathological examination to be characterized by normal-sized, moderately hyperchromatic neurons scattered among occasional dark, shrunken neurons within preserved neuropil. In contrast, the hypermetabolic zones at 5 days coincided with foci of intense macrophage infiltration, with dissolution of the neuropil. Significant decreases in glucose utilization were also demonstrated at 4 h within brain structures remote from the site of focal injury. These structures included the lateral and auditory cortices ipsilaterally, the striatum and thalamus ipsilaterally, and the hippocampus bilaterally. In addition to these remote metabolic effects, depressed metabolism occurred within the homologous cortical region contralateral to the site of infarction. By 5 days, glucose utilization was severely depressed in all ipsilateral cortical regions but not within any contralateral cortical region. Analysis of these data suggests that more than one mechanism is responsible for the metabolic alterations occurring within brain regions remote from the site of irreversible damage. Results are discussed in light of the hemodynamic alterations occurring in this stroke model, which are presented in the accompanying report.
Feedstock Diffusion and Decomposition in Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays (2012)

Feedstock diffusion and decomposition in the root growth of aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays is discussed. A nondimensional modulus is proposed to differentiate catalyst poisoning controlled growth deceleration from one which is diffusion controlled. It is found that, at present, aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) arrays are usually free of feedstock diffusion resistance. However, for single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays, since the intertube distance is much smaller than the mean free path of carbon source (ethanol here), high diffusion resistance in some currently available samples is significantly limiting the growth rate. The method presented here is also able to predict the critical lengths in different chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes from which CNT arrays begin to meet this diffusion limit, as well as the possible solutions to this diffusion caused growth deceleration. The diffusion of carbon source inside of an array becomes more important when we found ethanol undergoes severe thermal decomposition at the reaction temperature. This means, in a typical alcohol CVD, hydrocarbons and radicals decomposed from ethanol may collide and react with the outer walls of SWNTs before reaching catalyst particles. When flow rate is low and ethanol is thoroughly decomposed, the produced SWNTs contain more soot structures than the SWNTs obtained at higher ethanol flow rate. Understanding the mass transport and reaction inside a SWNT array is helpful to synthesize longer and cleaner SWNTs.