gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclic AMP‐dependent anion secretion in human small and large intestine (1996)

Cyclic AMP-dependent Cl- secretion is the major secretion pathway in human intestine. The aim of the present study was to examine mechanisms involved in cAMP-dependent anion secretion in human small and large intestine. Surgical resection specimens from both jejunum and distal colon were studied under short circuited conditions. Addition of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX induced an increase in the short-circuit current (Isc) equivalent to the net increase in Cl- secretion. The Isc was inhibited by diphenylamine decarboxylate (DPC; Cl- channel blocker), bumetanide (basolateral Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter), BaCl2 (basolateral K+ channel) and Cl- free buffer in both segments and indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor) in colon alone. Diphenylamine decarboxylate appears to directly inhibit secretion in jejunum, although its inhibitory effect is possibly mediated by inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase in the colon. A small component of IBMX-stimulated Isc was inhibited by acetazolamide. Cyclic AMP-dependent secretion is largely apical Cl- secretion, although a small component appears to be HCO3. Secretion is dependent on basolateral K+ channels and Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporters and, in the colon, is inhibited by indomethacin, implying a role for cyclo-oxygenase metabolites. The chloride channel blocker DPC inhibits secretion in both areas. This class of compounds may have potential for treatment of secretory diarrhoea.
A Case (Study) For Usability in Secure Email Communication (2007)

As a network security researcher, the author finds it very disappointing that most users can't, or simply don't, secure their everyday Internet communications. For good reason, usability in security has received a fair deal of attention in the past few years. To push the issue further, the author decided to initiate his own informal case study on the usability and practical relevance of standard security mechanisms for email communication. The author focused my attention on available public-key cryptography techniques for digitally signing and encrypting email. His first step was to establish a public-private key pair to use with email. The author chose to use Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME), a standard for signing and encrypting email, because it's already supported by popular email clients such as Apple Mail, Outlook Express, and Mozillas Thunderbird. Unlike S/MIME, the author found that pretty good privacy (PGP) and the GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) were unusable with nontechnical correspondents because it required them to install additional software. S/MIME, it seemed, was the better solution for these "everyday users", for whom the concepts of public-key infrastructure (PKI), PGP, certificates, keys, and so on remain elusive. Additionally, I decided to get my public key certified by Thawte (www.thawte.com), an online certificate authority (CA)
Advances in integrated polarization image sensors (2009)

An overview of the latest efforts in integrated polarization imaging sensors are presented. We describe two approaches for creating focal plane polarization imaging sensors. The first approach combines polymer polarization filters with CMOS active pixel sensor and computes polarization information at the focal plane. The second approach outlines our initial work on polarization filters using aluminum nano wires. Measurements from the first polarization image sensor prototype are discussed in detail and applications for material detection using polarization techniques are described.
Ultrasensitive DNA Chip: Gene Expression Profile Analysis without RNA Amplification (2006)

We have developed a new DNA chip whose substrate has a unique minute columnar array structure made of plastic. The DNA chip exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity, up to 100-fold higher than that of reference DNA chips, which makes it possible to monitor gene expression profiles even with very small amounts of RNA (0.1-0.01 microg of total RNA) without amplification. Differential expression ratios obtained with the new DNA chip were validated against those obtained with quantitative real-time PCR assays. This novel microarray technology would be a powerful tool for monitoring gene expression profiles, especially for clinical diagnosis.
An equivalence theory between elliptical and circular arrays (1964)

An equivalence relation of a family of arrays defined under a linear transformation is established. By means of this theorem the far field of an elliptical array can be obtained from that of an equivalent circular array; similarly for two and three dimensional arrays. As an example a uniformly excited cophasal elliptical array is considered. For non-uniform excitation, the method of symmetrical components may be applied despite the fact that there is no rotational symmetry for elliptical arrays. This theory can also be applied to the case of continuous source distribution on an ellipse or in an elliptical aperture. In so doing solutions can be obtained without using the complicated wave functions pertaining to the original geometry. As an example an optimum array in the sense of Dolph-Chebyshev is considered. Similarly, a Taylor distribution for an elliptical aperture can also be achieved.
Fully Adiabatic Design of Waveguide Branches (2007)

A design method for fully adiabatic waveguide branches is developed for the first time. Mode conversion between local normal modes is entirely suppressed through the explicit decoupling of the modes, where novel parametric and graphical representations of the self-consistent orthogonal coupled-mode theory are utilized to describe the strongly coupled part of the waveguide branches. A closed-form expression for an adiabatic condition is derived, and the significance of degenerated waveguide patterns with nonuniform waveguide widths is clarified. Validity of the method is tested by numerical simulations, and dependence of the converted power to a circuit length is found. These results raise a fundamental question about the meaning of the adiabaticity in the waveguide branches.
Impact of Morning Onset on the Incidence of Recurrent Acute Coronary Syndrome and Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Acute Myocardial Infarction (2017)

Morning onset may be associated with increased risk of recurrent ACS and coronary atherosclerosis progression.
Making of Josephson junctions (1971)

Several approaches have been taken to fabricating Josephson-effect devices. Tunnel junctions and bridges are thin-film devices and could lend themselves to mass production. Point contact devices, though easy to make and widely used, are susceptible to vibration and shock. SNS junctions are primarily an experimental tool. Slugs have found some use, but it's difficult to make two with identical characteristics.
Materials chemistry : an emerging discipline : developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Inc., at the 204th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., August 23-28, 1992 (1995)

Government, Academic, and Industrial Issues Educational Issues New Directions in the Design of Lithographic Resist Materials: A Case Study High-Conductivity, Solid Polymeric Electrolytes Preceramic Polymers: Past, Present, and Future Molecular Magnets: An Emerging Area of Materials Chemistry Optimization of Microscopic and Macroscopic Second-Order Optical Nonlinearities Materials Chemistry of Organic Monolayer and Multilayer Thin Films Orientation-Dependent NMR Spectroscopy as a Structural Tool for Layered Materials Nanoscale, Two-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Materials Nanoporous Layered Materials Catalytic Materials Molecular Sieves for Air Separation Nanomaterials: Endosemiconductors and Exosemiconductors Molecule-Based Syntheses of Extended Inorganic Solids Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Compound Semiconductors: A Chemical Perspective Interfaces, Interfacial Reactions, and Superlattice Reactants Oxide Superconductors Characterization of Complex Materials by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: A Look at Superconductors with High Critical Temperatures Biomimetic Mineralization Inorganic Biomaterials
Integrin β2 (CD18)-Mediated Cell Proliferation of HEL Cells on a Hematopoietic-Supportive Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Line, HESS-5 Cells (1998)

Cellular interactions between hematopoietic cells and stromal cells play important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. The proliferation of a human erythroleukemia cell line, HEL cells, which can differentiate into macrophage- and megakaryocyte-like cells, and erythroid precursors was dramatically induced on coculture with a hematopoietic-supportive stromal cell line, HESS-5 cells, which can support long-term hematopoiesis in vitro without fetal bovine serum. HEL cells proliferated when they were cocultured with but not without direct cell contact. Because the coculture supernatants with direct cell contact and cytokines such as interleukins and growth factors did not exhibit growth-stimulating activity toward HEL cells, it was suggested that some molecule that has growth-stimulating activity exists on the surface of the cells. Extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, and collagen did not affect the proliferation of HEL cells. An anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes the common beta chain of the beta2 integrin subfamily, induced dramatic proliferation of HEL cells. Moreover, the proliferation of HEL cells was inhibited by an antisense oligonucleotide of CD18 mRNA. As judged from these observations, the proliferation of HEL cells was mediated by CD18 molecules expressed on HEL cells. On the contrary, the common counter-receptor of the beta2 integrin subfamily, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, which is expressed on CHO-K1 cells, did not stimulate the growth of HEL cells. It is known that other counter molecules of the beta2 integrin subfamily, such as complement C3bi and fibrinogen, are not produced by stromal cells. These findings suggest that the proliferation of HEL cells may be induced through an interaction between a novel molecule of the beta2 integrin subfamily on HEL cells and the counter-receptor on HESS-5 cells. The beta2 integrin subfamily may regulate the growth of hematopoietic cells in hematopoiesis in vivo and/or cause the abnormal growth of leukemia cells.
Induction of apoptosis by selenite and selenodiglutathione in HL‐60 cells: Correlation with cytotoxicity (1999)

Effects of selenite and selenodiglutathione, an initial metabolite of selenite, on the induction of apoptosis and cytotoxicity were investigated in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Treatment of selenite or selenodiglutathione resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, measured by lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay, and by tetrazolium salt reduction assay. Selenodiglutathione has been shown to exert more cytotoxic effect than selenite in both assay systems. Time-course study of cellular selenium uptake suggests that the higher cytotoxicity of selenodiglutathione be largely due to faster and greater selenium uptake rate. Treatment with selenite or selenodiglutathione also induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by DNA fragmentation assay. The dose-response data of apoptosis induced by selenite or selenodiglutathione were similar to those of cytotoxicity, implicating a relationship between the induction of apoptosis and cytotoxicity. Zn, which is a well-known inhibitor of apoptosis, dose-dependently blocked not only the induction of apoptosis, but also the membrane damage induced by selenium, corroborating this hypothesis. It was noted that the inhibition of apoptosis by Zn exerted little protective effect on cytotoxicity at higher concentrations of selenium, compared with a perfect protective effect at low concentration of selenium. These results suggest that cytotoxicity induced by selenium may be partially correlated with apoptosis.
A 2.4-GHz printed meander-line antenna for USB WLAN with notebook-PC housing (2005)

A 2.4-GHz meander-line antenna printed on a USB-WLAN card is presented for WLAN applications. The HFSS 3-D EM simulator is employed for design simulation. The printed meander-line antenna is realized on a FR-4 PCB substrate. The measured VSWR is less than 2 from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz. Besides different orientations, the meander-line antenna printed on a simulated USB-WLAN card was attached to the side wall of a notebook-PC to investigate the PC housing effects on the antenna radiation patterns.
Review of Apriori Based Algorithms on MapReduce Framework (2014)

The Apriori algorithm that mines frequent itemsets is one of the most popular and widely used data mining algorithms. Now days many algorithms have been proposed on parallel and distributed platforms to enhance the performance of Apriori algorithm. They differ from each other on the basis of load balancing technique, memory system, data decomposition technique and data layout used to implement them. The problems with most of the distributed framework are overheads of managing distributed system and lack of high level parallel programming language. Also with grid computing there is always potential chances of node failures which cause multiple re-executions of tasks. These problems can be overcome by the MapReduce framework introduced by Google. MapReduce is an efficient, scalable and simplified programming model for large scale distributed data processing on a large cluster of commodity computers and also used in cloud computing. In this paper, we present the overview of parallel Apriori algorithm implemented on MapReduce framework. They are categorized on the basis of Map and Reduce functions used to implement them e.g. 1-phase vs. k-phase, I/O of Mapper, Combiner and Reducer, using functionality of Combiner inside Mapper etc. This survey discusses and analyzes the various implementations of Apriori on MapReduce framework on the basis of their distinguishing characteristics. Moreover, it also includes the advantages and limitations of MapReduce framework.
Selected Lexical and Grammatical Issues in the Meaning–Text Theory (2007)

The Meaning Text Theory (MTT) is a lexicon-centred and dependency-based theory for the description of language using a holistic model that incorporates semantics, syntax, morphology and lexis. This volume, prepared on the occasion of Igor Mel'čuk’s 70th birthday, offers a cross-section of the current advances in MTT and its applications. The first part of the book focuses on lexical phenomena that are still largely neglected in mainstream linguistics: sound symbolism as manifested by ideophones , and idiosyncratic lexical relations as manifested by lexical functions (LFs). In particular, LFs are addressed from different angles (including the introduction of new “standard” LFs, the argument structure and semantic decomposition of lexical relations captured by LFs, automatic recognition of LF-instances in corpora, and the use of LFs in terminology and natural language processing). The second part of the book deals with such prominent model-oriented issues as semantic paraphrasing in MTT, the role of phrase structure in MTT and syntactic analysis within MTT.
Dietary Fat and Fiber Alter Rat Colonic Protein Kinase C Isozyme Expression (1995)

To better understand the biochemical mechanisms by which select fats and fibers modulate colonic cell proliferation, we determined the profile of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes and cell proliferation in rat proximal and distal colonic mucosa following diet manipulation, because enhanced cell proliferation has been correlated with colon cancer incidence. Rats were assigned to one of four diets (each with 15 g fat + 6 g fiber/100 g diet) for 3 wk: fiber-free fish oil (FF), fiber-free corn oil (FC), cellulose + corn oil (CC), or pectin + corn oil (PC). Stead-state levels of colonic mucosal cytosolic and membrane PKC isozymes were determined. In vivo cell proliferation was determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into DNA. In addition, viable exfoliated colonic epithelial cells were isolated from feces using Percoll-bovine serum albumin gradients. We found that 1) proximal and distal colonic mucosa possessed different steady-state levels and relative proportions of PKC isozymes; 2) PKC alpha and delta expression were significantly greater in distal membrane of the PC-fed group compared with the other dietary groups; 3) the number of exfoliated cells per 4-h fecal collection generally was proportional to the diet-induced changes in cell proliferation (PC > FC > CC > FF). These data demonstrate that dietary treatment altered colonic PKC isozyme expression, with animals fed the fiber-containing diets generally expressing higher steady-state levels of PKC alpha and delta.
Dietary N−6 and N−3 fatty acids and salt‐induced hypertension in the borderline hypertensive rat (1989)

This study examined the effects of salt-loading on blood pressure (BP) development in the borderline hypertensive rat (BHR) and its modification by dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. In experiment 1, 4 groups (n = 10/group) of male BHR receiving 1% NaCl as a replacement for tap water were placed on chow enriched with either olive oil (OL), sunflower oil (SUN), evening primrose oil (EPO) or fish oil for 6 weeks. BP, heart rate, body weight, water, Na+ and K+ intake and urinary output were measured weekly. SUN and fish oil reduced the pressor response to salt seen vs the OL group by 50%, and EPO abolished the pressor response, reducing BP below control levels. The BP response was unrelated to either food intake or water and electrolyte intake and excretion. In experiment 2, male BHR received water +/- 18:3n-6 (0.04 mg/hr in OL via ip pump) or 1% NaCl +/- 18:3n-6 (n = 12/group) for 12 weeks, followed by 2 weeks recovery on tap water. Salt increased BP, and 18:3n-6 decreased this response, but had no effect on animals receiving tap water. In experiment 3, effects of 3 doses of 18:3n-6 (0.04, 0.08, and 0.12 mg/hr) on the pressor response to 1% NaCl were examined. All doses reduced the BP response to salt vs controls with no dose-response. These data suggest that the BHR is genetically salt-sensitive, and that dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids can attenuate the cardiovascular response to salt in this model.
Efficient Asymmetric Synthesisof Oseltamivir from <scp>d</scp>-Mannitol (2009)

A highly practical asymmetric synthesis of oseltamivir has been accomplished in 18 steps from d-mannitol without any chromatographic purification, which features intramolecular aldol condensation of dialdehyde with a 3-pentyl ether moiety in constructing densely functionalized cyclohexene ring of oseltamivir.
Structure of two genes at the gooseberry locus related to the paired gene and their spatial expression during Drosophila embryogenesis. (1987)

The gooseberry (gsb) locus contains two closely linked genes, BSH9 and BSH4, which are structurally related to each other and to the paired (prd) gene. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA and cDNA shows that BSH9 and BSH4 can encode proteins of 427 and 452 amino acids, respectively. The structural homology between these two putative proteins and the prd protein consists essentially of two domains forming most of the amino-terminal halves of the proteins: the prd domain of 128 amino acids and a prd-type homeo domain of 60 amino acids, which is extended by 18 amino acids at its amino-terminal end. The temporal profiles of BSH9 and BSH4 transcripts, as characterized by Northern analysis, show a peak shortly after the peak of prd transcripts. The spatial distributions of BSH9 and BSH4 transcripts have been analyzed by in situ hybridization to whole-mount and sectioned embryos. BSH9 transcripts appear in the posterior ventrolateral part of each primordial segment throughout the embryo, including head and tail segments. Transcripts are initially restricted to the ectoderm, in which they arise as two spatially shifted and temporally delayed waves exhibiting double-segment periodicity and anteroposterior polarity. During germ-band extension, BSH9 is induced in the mesoderm in register with the ectoderm and neurectoderm and in the tail segments A9-A11. In contrast, BSH4 transcripts appear with a single-segment repeat, first, in the neurectoderm during germ-band extension and, later, in single neurons during neuronal differentiation. BSH9, BSH4, and prd are activated in cells that are in register along the anteroposterior axis of the embryo in the posterior parts of primordial segments comprising the posterior compartments of engrailed expression.
Evaluation of local detectors on non-planar scenes (2004)

This paper presents for the first time a method to evaluate the performance of local detectors under viewpoint changes on complex, realistic, and practically relevant scenes. The main contribution is a method which allows the automatic verification of detected corresponding points and regions for non-planar scenes. Using this method the performances of 10 di#erent local detectors were evaluated in a large scale experiment. A ranking of the di#erent detectors has been established based on this evaluation.
Multipotential Electrochemical Detection of Primer Extension Reactions on DNA Self-Assembled Monolayers (2004)

Electroactive nucleoside triphosphates ("electrotides") have been incorporated into primers by DNA polymerase and detected on oligonucleotide surface-assembled monolayers. Four electrotides bearing three different electroactive moieties-ferrocene, vinylferrocene, and anthraquinone-are detected in four alternative formats.
REVIEW ON CPP: Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm: update of the last decade (2007)

Conditioned place preference (CPP) continues to be one of the most popular models to study the motivational effects of drugs and non-drug treatments in experimental animals. This is obvious from a steady year-to-year increase in the number of publications reporting the use this model. Since the compilation of the preceding review in 1998, more than 1000 new studies using place conditioning have been published, and the aim of the present review is to provide an overview of these recent publications. There are a number of trends and developments that are obvious in the literature of the last decade. First, as more and more knockout and transgenic animals become available, place conditioning is increasingly used to assess the motivational effects of drugs or non-drug rewards in genetically modified animals. Second, there is a still small but growing literature on the use of place conditioning to study the motivational aspects of pain, a field of pre-clinical research that has so far received little attention, because of the lack of appropriate animal models. Third, place conditioning continues to be widely used to study tolerance and sensitization to the rewarding effects of drugs induced by pre-treatment regimens. Fourth, extinction/reinstatement procedures in place conditioning are becoming increasingly popular. This interesting approach is thought to model certain aspects of relapse to addictive behavior and has previously almost exclusively been studied in drug self-administration paradigms. It has now also become established in the place conditioning literature and provides an additional and technically easy approach to this important phenomenon. The enormous number of studies to be covered in this review prevented in-depth discussion of many methodological, pharmacological or neurobiological aspects; to a large extent, the presentation of data had to be limited to a short and condensed summary of the most relevant findings.