gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HORMONAL CONTROL OF OOCYTE MATURATION IN ARENICOLA MARINA L. (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA). III. INVOLVEMENT OF CA2+ AND -SH GROUPS IN MEIOSIS REINITIATION (1980)

In Arenicola marina (Annelida, Polychaeta) the oocytes are arrested in the first prophase stage of meiosis until spawning. Oocyte maturation is under hormonal control: when incubated in vitro in a brain extract oocytes reach the first metaphase at which they remain arrested until fertilization. The importance of calcium in oocyte maturation has been investigated by using different drugs known to act on membrane calcium permeability and to modify intracellular free calcium concentration. Tetracaine, procaine, D-600, verapamil (Isoptin), propranolol, oxprenolol and lanthanum chloride, calcium deprivation but not ionophore A23187, are all able to induce oocyte maturation. This suggests that the brain hormone may act on the oocyte by regulating, probably increasing, the intracellular free calcium concentration, as it has been proposed for oocytes of other animals. The importance of -SH/-SS- in meiosis reinitiation is suggested by the fact that dithiothreitol and 2, 3-dimercaptopropanol, two disulfide reducing agents, both induce oocyte maturation.
A Strategy to Aminate Pyridines, Diazines, and Pharmaceuticals via Heterocyclic Phosphonium Salts (2018)

A straightforward process to aminate pyridines and diazines is presented by reacting phosphonium salt derivatives with sodium azide. The iminophosphorane products are versatile precursors to several nitrogen-containing functional groups, and the process can be applied to building block heterocycles, to drug-like fragments, and for late-stage functionalization of complex pharmaceuticals. Appealing features of this strategy include using C-H bonds as precursors, precise regioselectivity, and a distinct scope from other amination methods, particularly those relying on halogenated azaarenes.
Enhancement of Resistance to Coccidiosis and Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens by Dietary Muscadine Pomace (2008)

Muscadine pomace (MP), a by-product of the production of wine and juice from Vitis rotundifolia, was dried and tested in chickens for effects on primary resistance to coccidiosis, development of protective immunity after vaccination with live coccidia, and resistance to necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by the joint action of Clostridium perfringens and coccidia. To test primary resistance to coccidiosis, 2-wk-old chicks were given 2% or 5% MP in the diet and inoculated with Eimeria acervulina and E. maxima. Birds given MP at either level had significantly (P < 0.05) lower lesion scores at 7 days postinoculation, in comparison with control birds, although weight gains were statistically similar. Broiler chickens were given 2% or 5% MP and grown to 42 days to test the palatability of MP. Birds given 2% MP in feed grew similarly to untreated controls, but birds given 5% had poorer average live weight. This suggested a negative effect on feed intake at the higher level. The effects of dietary 0.5% or 2.0% MP on immune protection were tested after live coccidiosis vaccination in the hatchery. Chicks were removed from each pen at 21 days of age and challenged with E acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. Resistance to infection was improved by MP as suggested by significantly (P < 0.05) lower lesion scores 7 days postchallenge, and improved weight gains in comparison with immunized control birds that did not receive MP. At 42 days of age, birds given MP had higher average live weights than controls, although feed efficiency was not affected. An established model was used to study the effect of MP on NE in broiler chickens. Chicks were inoculated with live coccidia at 14 days of age and dosed orally with live cultures of C perfringens on day 19, day 20, and day 21. Enteritis caused 48% mortality in the first study and 67% mortality in the second study. Dietary MP at 0.5-2.0% significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mortality in both experiments; improved weight gain relative to the unmedicated, infected control; and reduced lesion scores at necropsy. Overall, the results of six experiments suggested that MP given in the diet at 0.5% or higher had a positive effect on primary resistance and development of acquired resistance to two severe intestinal diseases in chickens.
Combination of RNA Interference and Virus Receptor Trap Exerts Additive Antiviral Activity in Coxsackievirus B3-induced Myocarditis in Mice (2014)

Combination of sCAR-Fc and shRdRp2.4 exerted additive effects and was significantly more effective than either of the single treatments in inhibiting CVB3-induced myocarditis and preventing cardiac dysfunction.
MeshAdv: Adversarial Meshes for Visual Recognition (2018)

Highly expressive models such as deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely applied to various applications. However, recent studies show that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are carefully crafted inputs aiming to mislead the predictions. Currently, the majority of these studies have focused on perturbation added to image pixels, while such manipulation is not physically realistic. Some works have tried to overcome this limitation by attaching printable 2D patches or painting patterns onto surfaces, but can be potentially defended because 3D shape features are intact. In this paper, we propose meshAdv to generate "adversarial 3D meshes" from objects that have rich shape features but minimal textural variation. To manipulate the shape or texture of the objects, we make use of a differentiable renderer to compute accurate shading on the shape and propagate the gradient. Extensive experiments show that the generated 3D meshes are effective in attacking both classifiers and object detectors. We evaluate the attack under different viewpoints. In addition, we design a pipeline to perform black-box attack on a photorealistic renderer with unknown rendering parameters.
Methylation of minimalist 23S rRNA sequences in vitro by ErmSF (TlrA) N-Methyltransferase (1995)

ermSF (synonym tlrA) from Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 2702 confers resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide- streptogramin type B (MLS) superfamily of antibiotics. ErmSF specifically methylates Bacillus subtilis 23S rRNA in vitro at A2085 (B. subtilis coordinate, which is equivalent to the Escherichia coli coordinate A2058). In the present studies, partial B. subtilis 23S rRNA sequences containing portions of the peptidyltransferase circle which include A2085 were constructed in order to identify structural requirements needed for RNA to function as substrate of ErmSF. A model methylase substrate based on the 41-nucleotide construct DK111, ggCCUAUCCGUCGCGGGUUCGCCCGCGACAGGACGGA*AAGA, had methyl-acceptor activity. This sequence contains 23S rRNA stem 73 [Stade, K., et al. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 1394-1399] underlined, flanking a tetraloop-like (UUCG), and the impaired sequence AAAGA, at the 3' end containing A2085 (A*). A set of systematic alterations introduced into the sequence suggested that the four unpaired nucleotides in stem 73 are necessary for methyl-acceptor activity, whereas inversion of 11 out 13 paired bases in stem 73 conferred no significant reduction in methyl-acceptor activity.
Poly(vinyl amine) stabilized colloidal CdS quantum dots of color-tunable photoluminescence: Syntheses and optical properties (2007)

In this research, poly(vinylamine) (PVAm) was synthesized and employed as a soft template in the preparation of colloidal CdS QDs. The colloidal CdS QD solutions were prepared with PVAm as the stabilizing polymer in a mixed solvent composed of methanol and water. The emitting colors of the prepared CdS QD colloids are tunable by varying the ratio of methanol/water and pH of the solvents. The CdS QD colloids are colorless under UV light at extremely low pH and the low ratio of methanol to water. The emitting color of the CdS QD colloids turn to yellow and orange as increasing methanol content and pH of the solvent. At high pH or when the cosolvent is dominant in methanol the CdS QD colloids show bright to deep blue emission. The optical properties of the CdS colloids have been systematically studied in terms of UV-vis and fluorescence spectrometry.
Role of the effective mass and interfacial dipoles on exciton dissociation in organic donor-acceptor solar cells (2013)

Efficient exciton dissociation at a donor-acceptor interface is the crucial, yet not fully understood, step for obtaining high efficiency organic solar cells. Recent theoretical work suggested an influence of polymer conjugation length and of interfacial dipoles on the exciton dissociation yield. This necessitates experimental verification. To this end, we measured the dissociation yield of several polymer/C${}_{60}$ planar heterojunction solar cells up to high electric fields. The results indeed prove that the yield of exciton dissociation depends strongly on the conjugation length of the polymers. Complementary photoemission experiments were carried out to assess the importance of dipoles at the donor-acceptor interfaces. Comparison of exciton dissociation models with experimental data shows that the widely used Onsager-Braun approach is unsuitable to explain photodissociation in polymer/C${}_{60}$ cells. Better agreement can be obtained using ``effective mass'' models that incorporate conjugation length effects by considering a reduced effective mass of the hole on the polymer and that include dielectric screening effects by interfacial dipoles. However, successful modeling of the photocurrent field dependence over a broad field range, in particular for less efficient solar cell compounds, requires that the dissociation at localized acceptor sites is also taken into account.
Self-Rotation of Cells in an Irrotational AC E-Field in an Opto-Electrokinetics Chip (2013)

The use of optical dielectrophoresis (ODEP) to manipulate microparticles and biological cells has become increasingly popular due to its tremendous flexibility in providing reconfigurable electrode patterns and flow channels. ODEP enables the parallel and free manipulation of small particles on a photoconductive surface on which light is projected, thus eliminating the need for complex electrode design and fabrication processes. In this paper, we demonstrate that mouse cells comprising melan-a cells, RAW 267.4 macrophage cells, peripheral white blood cells and lymphocytes, can be manipulated in an opto-electrokinetics (OEK) device with appropriate DEP parameters. Our OEK device generates a non-rotating electric field and exerts a localized DEP force on optical electrodes. Hitherto, we are the first group to report that among all the cells investigated, melan-a cells, lymphocytes and white blood cells were found to undergo self-rotation in the device in the presence of a DEP force. The rotational speed of the cells depended on the voltage and frequency applied and the cells' distance from the optical center. We discuss a possible mechanism for explaining this new observation of induced self-rotation based on the physical properties of cells. We believe that this rotation phenomenon can be used to identify cell type and to elucidate the dielectric and physical properties of cells.
Cases of neurofibromatosis with rearrangements of chromosome 17 involving band 17q11.2 (1987)

Abstract We report on a family in which a mother and her 2 children each had von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis and a balanced chromosome rearrangement t(1;17)(p34.3;qll.2). In addition, we describe another unrelated patient with neurofibromatosis and a presumed secondary myelodysplastic syndrome in which the bone marrow contained an abnormal clone with an unbalanced rearrangement involving a breakpoint in band 17qll.2. These findings may suggest that the neurofibromatosis gene is located in or near band 17qll.2. This information supports the studies which assign the neurofibromatosis gene to a region of chromosome 17 between the proximal p arm and band q22 on the long arm.
Electric Hum Signal Readout Circuit for Touch Screen Panel Applications (2016)

This paper presents a new touch sensing mechanism that detects different signals on a touch panel generated by an electric field formed from household power. Without requiring complicated transmitter and receiver circuits, a 16-channel front-end sensor and shared readout circuits are proposed to realize the new touch-sensing mechanism. This touch-sensing technique can be applied on the appliance control panel to detect the operation control. The signal readout circuit is implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS process, which occupied an area of 2.64 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The proposed sensing technique achieves 46.5-dB signal-to-noise ratios with finger touch. With battery power supply of 1.8 V and 2.5 V, total power consumption of the proposed readout circuit is measured as just 2 mW.
Colistin, meropenem and rifampin in a combination therapy for multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii multifocal infection. A case report. (2007)

A 16 year-old girl underwent a multifocal (lungs, skin, soft tissues) infection due to multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii after a car crash. To treat such a severe disease we used a combination therapy of colistin (2 millions Units twice/day), rifampicin (600 mg/day), meropenem (1 g 3 times a day) after a synergistic activity test was performed (checkerboard method on Mueller-Hinton broth and 5x10(5) cfu/mL inoculum). After 24 days, when a significant clinical improvement was gained, the 3-drugs combination therapy was replaced with i.v. levofloxacin 500 mg twice/day but, after 10 days of quinolones therapy, fever started again and the same multidrug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii was isolated from the skin grafts, central venous catheter tip and bronchial alveolar lavage. A combination therapy with colistin and meropenem was therefore started and definitive defervescence was obtained after 10 days. This therapy was continued for 70 days even if the patient was apyretic because A. baumannii was still present in the skin secretions. After 109 days of hospitalization in our intensive care unit, the patient was transferred to a rehabilitative unit. This case shows how useful is, in selected cases, rediscovering old antibiotic drugs, specially when they are adopted as a combination therapy, and highlights the importance of the clinical microbiological laboratory as it may help clinicians in choosing the best drugs combination.
Thioglycosides as Potential Glycosyl Donors in Electrochemical Glycosylation Reactions. Part 2: Their Reactivity Toward Sugar Alcohols. (1995)

Abstract Constant potential electrolysis of the glycosyl donors p-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and p-methylphenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) in dry acetonitrile in the presence of various primary and secondary sugar alcohols, performed in an undivided cell, gave β-linked disaccharide derivatives selectively in good yields. Oxidative coupling of p-methoxyphenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (2 1) with p-methoxybenzyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside (16) gave selectively the α-linked disaccharide 22 in good yield.
Fast ray tracing procedure using space divisionwith uniform rectangular grid (2000)

A fast ray tracing procedure using space division is presented with the assumption that the reflection/transmission surfaces exactly coincide with the grid lines. Cleary's algorithm is used for the fast space traversing of a ray. The CPU time for the proposed method is approximately 14% of that of the visibility procedure.
NEUROTRANSMITTER-RELATED ENZYMES AND INDICES OF HYPOXIA IN SENILE DEMENTIA AND OTHER ABIOTROPHIES (1976)

Fifty-six brains from middle-aged and elderly normal as well as demented subjects and patients with provisional clinical diagnosis of other neurological and psychiatric diseases were assessed histologically. On this basis the specimens were classified into 14 diagnostic groups. A survey of potential indices of specific neurons has been carried out on these brains in which neurotransmitter-related enzymes, gamma-GTP (a potential index of capillaries) and specific proteins have been determined in up to 20 brain regions. In addition, the agonal state has been tentatively assessed by examining the post-mortem states of the circulatory and respiratory systems. CAT and gamma-GTP activities and the concentration of a soluble neuronal-type protein (neuronin S-5) were found to be relatively unaffected by the agonal state. When cases of senile dementia were compared to controls (matched with respect to the cause of death) the activity of CAT (the potential index of cholinergic neurons) appears to be reduced in the cerebral cortex. This is a preliminary finding, although a correlation was indicated between CAT activity and 'senile' morphological changes, the activity was markedly reduced in only 3 brains. However, despite inconsistencies in the literature (Karczmar, 1975) at least one pharmacological study on humans appears to show that the cholinergic system may be involved in age-related memory degeneration (Drachman and Leavitt, 1974). Cholinergic neurons may be abnormal in the other abiotrophies examined (Huntington's chorea, motor neuron disease and mixed vascular and senile dementia). gamma-GTP and neuronin S-5 (identical in most respects to the soluble acidic neuronal protein 14-3-2 of antigen alpha) were not reduced in senile dementia. The activities of brain decarboxylase (GAD and AAD) and the concentration of another soluble acidic brain protein (neuronin S-6) appear to be affected by the agonal state. This is remarkable because GAD and, in particular, neuronin S6, are relatively unaffected by post-mortem autolysis. As judged by the state of the extraneural systems which regulated the blood and oxygen supply to the brain it appears that terminal 'cerebral hypoxia' is responsible for the depletion of these brain constituents. This effect appears to be particularly marked in deep grey matter. In non-demented patients that die of bronchopneumonia, the areas of the cortex which are depleted in neuronin S-6 are consistent with the pattern of the 'selective vulnerability' of the cortex to hypoxia, suggesting that the terminal state can also affect the neocortex. If so, then this is particularly relevant to studies on senile dementia, for the effect of the terminal bronchopneumonia that so often occurs in these patients (and in patients with other abiotrophies) may be exacerbated by a terminal reduction in cerebral blood flow...
Analysis on sensitivity and landscape ecological spatial structure of site resources. (2003)

This article establishes a set of indicators and standards for landscape ecological sensitivity analysis of site resources by using the theories and approaches of landscape ecology. It uses landscape diversity index (H), evenness (E), natural degree (N), contrast degree (C) to study spatial structure and landscape heterogeneity of site resources and thus provides a qualitative-quantitative evaluation method for land planning and management of small, medium scale areas. The analysis of Yantian District, Shenzhen of China showed that Wutong Mountain belonged to high landscape ecological sensitivity area, Sanzhoutian Reservoir and Shangping Reservoir were medium landscape sensitivity and high ecological sensitivity area; Dameisha and Xiaomeisha belonged to medium sensitivity area caused by the decline of natural ecological areas. Shatoujiao, Yantian Pier belonged to low sensitivity area but urban landscape ecological development had reshaped and influenced their landscape ecological roles in a great extent. Suggestions on planning, protection goals and development intensity of each site or district were raised.
Data compression algorithms for energy-constrained devices in delay tolerant networks (2006)

Sensor networks are fundamentally constrained by the difficulty and energy expense of delivering information from sensors to sink. Our work has focused on garnering additional significant energy improvements by devising computationally-efficient lossless compression algorithms on the source node. These reduce the amount of data that must be passed through the network and to the sink, and thus have energy benefits that are multiplicative with the number of hops the data travels through the network.Currently, if sensor system designers want to compress acquired data, they must either develop application-specific compression algorithms or use off-the-shelf algorithms not designed for resource-constrained sensor nodes. This paper discusses the design issues involved with implementing, adapting, and customizing compression algorithms specifically geared for sensor nodes. While developing Sensor LZW (S-LZW) and some simple, but effective, variations to this algorithm, we show how different amounts of compression can lead to energy savings on both the compressing node and throughout the network and that the savings depends heavily on the radio hardware. To validate and evaluate our work, we apply it to datasets from several different real-world deployments and show that our approaches can reduce energy consumption by up to a factor of 4.5X across the network.
Influence of manufacturing variables on the characteristics and effectiveness of chitosan products. III. Coagulation of cheese whey solids (1978)

Abstract Ten chitosan products, prepared as described in part I of this study, were evaluated in jar tests that measured their effectiveness for coagulation of suspended solids and removing turbidity from cheese whey. A polynominal regression analysis was found to be useful for determining the optimal effectiveness of each chistosan preparation, and was expressed as the percent reduction on turbidity per unit concentration of chitosan added. The effectiveness of the chitosan products was found to be inversely related to their molecular‐weight values. This situation was different from the findings described in part II of this study, in which the filterability of activated sludge was tested. Enzymatic deproteination yielded chitosan products that performed better than those produced by alkali deproteination. Demineralized products were also more effective than those that had not been demineralized. The preparations deacetylated under a nitrogen atmosphere were more effective than those deacetylated in air, but this was shown to be true only for the first 5 min of deacetylation. When deacetylated for 15 min, no differences were noted. In this study, differences in performance between the various products were largely due to the differing dosages required to achieve the maximum reduction in turbidity of cheese whey, while the maximum responses achieved by the various products tested were about the same. A commercial product, which was less effective as a sludge coagulating agent in part II of this study, was more effective for cheese whey coagulation and turbidity removal than the majority of the experimental chitosan preparations tested.
Status Report on Soil Conditioning Chemicals. I. (1953)

Abstract Because of the short time the synthetic soil conditioners have been available for test, it is not possible to draw other than tentative conclusions. However, it appears fairly evident that they can effect marked improvement in the physical state of soils if properly applied. Rates of application of the order of 0.05% are such that at current prices the usefulness of these products in agriculture is likely to be limited to surface application with high value crops or for special purposes. It is not likely that they will constitute a replacement for, but will be an important supplement to sound agricultural practices. A sound body of information on which to base recommended procedures for the great variety of crops and soils found in the country at large is gradually accumulating because of the widespread interest of agronomists and others in this latest development from the field of chemistry.