gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A broad-band waveguide grating coupler with a subwavelength grating mirror (2005)

A new diffractive device for light coupling between a planar optical waveguide and free space is proposed. The device utilizes a second-order waveguide grating to diffract the fundamental waveguide mode into two free propagating beams and a subwavelength grating (SWG) mirror to combine the two free propagating beams into a single beam. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations show that the SWG mirror improves the coupling efficiency of the waveguide fundamental mode into the single out-coupled beam from about 30% to 92%. A high efficiency (>90%) is predicted for a broad wavelength range of 1520-1580nm. The proposed device is compact (/spl sim/80 μm in length) and it eliminates the need for blazing the waveguide grating.
Tracking Sources of Bacterial Contamination in Stormwater Discharges to Mission Bay, California (2001)

Sources of the indicator bacteria total coliform, fecal coliform, and enterococcus were investigated in stormwater flows discharging to Mission Bay, a heavily used aquatic park in San Diego, California. Stormwater flows were targeted because long-term receiving water monitoring of the bay indicated that wet weather discharges were the predominant source of bacterial contamination. Exceedences in water quality objectives for body contact recreation established by the State of California most often occurred in the east bay, where the least amount of circulation and largest quantities of stormwater discharges occur. Unlike the wet weather results, almost all of the 89 storm drains that discharge to the bay either did not have flowing fresh water or did not contain exceedingly high bacteria densities during dry weather. Upstream tracking during multiple storm events on two of the largest watersheds draining to the bay showed that sources of indicator bacteria were diffuse and widespread. Densities were as high at the head of each watershed as they were at the mouth, where both discharged to the bay. Every reach in each creek exceeded State of California water quality objectives and had densities similar to surface flows measured before they entered the separate municipal storm sewer system from urban land uses, such as residential, commercial, and industrial, as well as open lands.
A study on platoon formations and reliable communication in vehicle platoons (2012)

Vehicle platooning is a promising concept in dealing with traffic jams. Several simulations and field trials have shown how platooning can improve lane capacity and lower trip times. Despite extensive research in the area of
vehicle platooning, the first vehicles were only recently equipped with adaptive cruise control, a basic platooning system without cooperation between vehicles. An important topic of research concerning platooning has been longitudinal control and achieving string stability. For advanced platoon concepts, other topics like lateral and maneuver control are important as well. In this research we investigate such topic of platooning: the process of forming
platoons. In this thesis we develop a new strategy for the formation of platoons. This so-called transient formation strategy is evaluated and compared against already existing strategies in a traffic simulator. The results show that our
formation strategy is capable of increasing the average platoon length and hence the lane capacity and lower average trip times. In order to support the transient formation strategy, a general multicast protocol has been developed to improve the reliable communication between
vehicles in a platoon. This protocol is evaluated in a network simulator and the results indicate significant improvements of the success rate and delay for high traffic densities and large vehicle platoons.
Synthesis and Physical Properties of Side-Chain Type Liquid Crystalline Polythiophene Derivatives (1999)

Abstract Side-Chain type liquid crystalline polythiophenes containing a mesogenic group at 3-position of the thiophene ring were synthesized. Homopolymers were obtained by the dehalogenation polycondensation with zero valence nickel as a catalyst, and copolymers were synthesized by the Stille coupling reaction with zero valence palladium as a catalyst. Homopolymers and copolymers involved a cyano group at the end of the mesogenic group exhibited a nematic phase, while a smectic phase was shown for the homopolymer having the ester bond between the thiophene ring and an alkyl spacer. After annealing of the polymer, the oxidation-reduction potential peaks of the polymer were lower than that of the neat samples. The conductivity of I2 doped thermal treated homopolymers and copolymers were 10−2 S/cm and 10−1 S/cm. respectively. Key Words: polythiophenenematic phasesmectic phaseconductivityside-chain type liquid crystalline polymer
G  COOH-Terminal Minigene Vectors Dissect Heterotrimeric G Protein Signaling (2002)

The COOH-termini of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) α subunits (Gα) are critical for both binding to their cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and determining specificity. Additionally, synthetic peptides corresponding to the COOH-terminus can serve as competitive inhibitors of receptor-G protein interactions, presumably by blocking the site on the GPCR that normally binds the G protein. To selectively antagonize G protein signal transduction events, we have generated minigene vectors that encode 14 unique COOH-terminal sequence for the 16 Gα subunits. Minigene vectors expressing Gα COOH-terminal peptides, or the control minigene vector, which expresses the inhibitory Gα subunit (Gi) peptide in random order, can be systematically introduced into cells by transfection and used to determine which G protein underlies a given GPCR-mediated response. Because Gα COOH-terminal minigene vectors selectively block signal transduction through a given G protein, they are a powerful tool for dissecting out which G protein mediates a given biochemical or physiological function. This also provides a novel strategy for exploring the coupling mechanisms of receptors that interact with multiple G proteins, as well as for teasing out the downstream responses mediated by a specific G protein.
Evidence for a direct role for both the 175,000- and 110,000-molecular-weight immediate-early proteins of herpes simplex virus in the transactivation of delayed-early promoters (1985)

We reconstructed the regulated induction of delayed-early (DE) transcription that occurs during herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection by using a transient expression system in which recombinant target genes were cotransfected into Vero cells together with intact activating genes. Plasmids containing cloned HSV-1 or HSV-2 immediate-early (IE) genes stimulated by up to 100-fold the expression from recombinant constructs containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of the DE promoter/regulatory region from the genes for an HSV-2 38,000-molecular-weight (38K) protein and the HSV-1 thymidine kinase. This activation was specific to hybrid genes containing DE regulatory regions since no significant increases in expression were observed in cotransfection experiments with the CAT gene without any promoter region or under the control of a number of other regulatory regions, including an HSV-1 IE regulatory region, the complete or enhancerless early regulatory region of simian virus 40, and an inducible cellular promoter/regulatory region. By using a variety of cotransfected plasmids containing individual or different combinations of HSV-1 or HSV-2 IE genes, we show that of the five known IE genes, two, those coding for the 175K and 110K polypeptides, each possessed the ability to stimulate expression from both DE promoters. Cleavage of the input plasmids within the known coding regions for the 175K and 110K proteins abolished stimulation of DE/CAT gene expression, whereas cleavage outside the coding regions had no effect on stimulation. We conclude that stimulation of CAT expression occurred exclusively by a transactivation mechanism in which the products encoded by these IE genes acted on the DE hybrid constructs at the transcription level. No transcriptional stimulatory function was demonstrated for the IE 68K and 63K proteins, although our results indicate that the IE 12K protein may augment the DE stimulatory activity of the 175K and 110K proteins.
Experimental Study of Ventilated Cavities on Dynamic Test Model (2001)

A series of experiments were conducted to examine ventilated cavity physics. Over two hundred test runs were performed. Tow tank tests were conducted to examine the stability of ventilated cavities. The tests were performed on three different models at speeds up to 55 feet per second. One 6.25-inch diameter model allowed body motion with 3 degrees of freedom. The model also employed a cavitator that could be pitched to +/- six degrees angle of attack. The models allowed the examinationbof ventilation data at a variety of length scales and for a number of cavitator shapes and sizes. Some tests also incorporated simulated rocket exhaust. High frequency solid-state pressure transducers were used to determine the stability of the cavities. The tests confirmed that the dominant cavity frequency was correlated with the cavity length and towing speed. Dynamic model motion and the rocket exhaust both tended to enhance overall cavity stability. The impact of free shear instability on cavity stability was negligible at these speeds.
Back propagation simulations using limited precision calculations (2002)

The precision required for neural net algorithms is an important question facing hardware architects. The authors present simulation results that compare floating point and limited precision integer back-propagation simulators. Data sets from the neural network benchmark suite maintained by Carnegie Mellon University were used to compare integer and floating point implementations. The simulation results indicate that integer computation works quite well for the back-propagation algorithm. In all cases except one, the limited precision integer simulations performed as well as the floating point simulations. The effect of reducing the precision of the trained weights is also reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Forty years of distributed estimation: A review of noteworthy developments (2017)

Distributed estimation has been an active research area since the late 1970's, starting with decentralized filtering and estimation for control of large scale systems. Early research focused on optimal fusion to reconstruct the best global estimate by de-correlating the local estimates to avoid double counting of information. This approach was extended to distributed estimation for general sensor networks using information graphs in the 1980's, with channel filter as a special case for acyclic networks. Track fusion for systems with process noise led to a general framework for linear estimate fusion given cross covariances in the 1990's. Fusion rules include maximum likelihood, maximum a posteriori probability, and best linear unbiased estimate (BLUE). BLUE is based on a unified fusion model, which has been used to develop other fusion rules. In addition, covariance intersection handles situations where correlation information is completely unknown. Advances in sensing and communication hardware have resulted in low-cost wireless ad hoc sensor networks around 2000. These require robust distributed estimation algorithms such as consensus-based filters and diffusion-based filters, which have other performance criteria than estimation accuracy. There was recent resurgent interest in distributed estimation algorithms that handle process noise. Examples are distributed Kalman filters using pseudo estimates and distributed accumulated state density filters.
Functional effect of point mutations in the ?-folate receptor gene of CABA I ovarian carcinoma cells (2001)

The α-folate receptor (αFR) is overexpressed in 90% of nonmucinous ovarian carcinomas. In addition to the known role of αFR binding and mediating the internalization of folates, functional interaction of αFR with signaling molecules was recently shown. To identify a model to study the role of αFR in ovarian carcinoma, we characterized the αFR gene in the ovarian carcinoma cell line CABA I in comparison to a reference line, IGROV1. In CABA I cells, Northern blot analysis revealed an αFR transcript of the expected length and FACS analysis indicated receptor expression on the cell membrane; however, RNase protection assay revealed no specific signals. Southern blot and genomic PCR analysis suggested the presence of a rearrangement(s) involving the 5′ region of the gene in CABA I cells as compared to IGROV1 cells. Cloning and sequencing of CABA I αFR cDNA revealed several point mutations. The partitioning of αFR in membrane microdomains from CABA I cells and its association with regulatory molecules was comparable to that of IGROV1 cells. By contrast, the αFR expressed on the CABA I cell membrane bound folic acid with lower affinity, and ectopic expression of the corresponding cDNA in CHO cells confirmed impaired folic acid binding. Thus, CABA I cells may provide a tool to delineate functional domains of the αFR. J. Cell. Biochem. 81:488–498, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
[Evaluation of an impedance measurement method for determining body composition in diabetic subjects and normal controls]. (1991)

The reproducibility of impedance measurements made using the Human-IM system (Dietosystem, Milan-Italy) was assessed in a group of normal and diabetic subjects on the basis of three tests made under the same experimental conditions on three consecutive days. A total of 22 normal subjects, 29 insulin-dependent (IDD) and 6 noninsulin dependent (NIDD) diabetic patients were included in the study. The coefficient of variation between the three successive tests ranged between 0 and 2.7% (normals 1.1 +/- 0.7%, IDD 1.6 +/- 0.7%, NIDD 1.1 +/- 0.4%), thus confirming the good reproducibility of the method in all groups. There was no significant difference between impedance measurement tests in the two group of diabetic patients with regard to TBW, FAT and FFM. NIDD patients differed from normal subjects due to higher FAT levels, whereas there was no significant difference between IDD patients and normal subjects.
A simple hard-limited adaptive algorithm for blind equalization (1992)

An algorithm for adaptive blind equalization is proposed. It is interpreted as a sign version of a widely referenced algorithm for blind equalization, and it is demonstrated by way of simulations that the performance of this new sign algorithm is comparable to that of its unsigned version. A simple variable step-size scheme to accelerate the convergence process is also proposed. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the significant improvements in the convergence rates that are obtained using this variable step-size scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Taxonomic trees of fluidic oscillators (2017)

Fluidic no-moving-part oscillators generating pulsation in fluid flow became recently a very popular subject of investigations. The reason is their capability to increase efficiency of various chemical and physico/chemical processes. Also control of flows past bodies is more effective with the pulsation. Advantages of fluidic oscillators used for the task are low cost, robustness, long life, no maintenance, and other similar factors associated with absence of mechanical components. New oscillator principles - as well as old, nearly forgotten and now re-discovered - are currently developed. Sheer number of possible alternatives makes them difficult to survey. This paper attempts at clarifying the situation.
Theory of Flux Creep in Hard Superconductors (1962)

Received 12 September 1962DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.9.309©1962 American Physical Society
Changes in equine hindgut bacterial populations during oligofructose‐induced laminitis (2005)

In the horse, carbohydrate overload is thought to play an integral role in the onset of laminitis by drastically altering the profile of bacterial populations in the hindgut. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate microbial ecology methods to monitor changes in bacterial populations throughout the course of experimentally induced laminitis and to identify the predominant oligofructose-utilizing organisms. Laminitis was induced in five horses by administration of oligofructose. Faecal specimens were collected at 8 h intervals from 72 h before to 72 h after the administration of oligofructose. Hindgut microbiota able to utilize oligofructose were enumerated throughout the course of the experiment using habitat-simulating medium. Isolates were collected and representatives identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of these isolates collected belonged to the genus Streptococcus, 91% of which were identified as being most closely related to Streptococcus infantarius ssp. coli. Furthermore, S. infantarius ssp. coli was the predominant oligofructose-utilizing organism isolated before the onset of lameness. Fluorescence in situ hybridization probes developed to specifically target the isolated Streptococcus spp. demonstrated marked population increases between 8 and 16 h post oligofructose administration. This was followed by a rapid population decline which corresponded with a sharp decline in faecal pH and subsequently lameness at 24-32 h post oligofructose administration. This research suggests that streptococci within the Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex may be involved in the series of events which precede the onset of laminitis in the horse.
Modeling of a three-layer piezoelectric bimorph beam with hysteresis (1995)

Piezoelectric actuators are usually stacked or bimorph in configuration. In this paper the mechanics of a three-layer piezoelectric bimorph is discussed and its dynamic model with hysteresis is presented. The results can be used to analyze piezoelectric actuators constructed with three-layer piezoelectric bimorphs. A piezoelectric bimorph actuator has been fabricated and experiments have been carried out to verify the model. The calculated results of this model closely matched the tested results. This model can also be used with other types of piezoelectric actuators with a slight modification.
Raman scattering from quantum dots of Ge embedded in SiO2 thin films (1990)

Raman measurements were carried out on Ge quantum dots from 6.1 to 15 nm in size embedded in SiO2 thin films. The samples were prepared by rf co-sputtering and post- annealing. In contrast to the amorphous-like broad spectra previously obtained for gas- evaporated Ge microcrystals of comparable sizes, relatively sharp lines around 300 cm−1 were observed, because the present dots satisfy the fixed boundary condition. The increase in the linewidth observed with decreasing the size is in good agreement with the results of the calculation based on the phonon confinement model. However, the downward shift of the line predicted from the calculation was not observed presumably due to the compressive stress exerted on the dots.
Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in monolayers spread from adsorbed films of pulmonary surfactant (2001)

Pulmonary surfactant forms a surface film that consists of a monolayer and a monolayer-associated reservoir. The extent to which surfactant components including the main component, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), are adsorbed into the monolayer, and how surfactant protein SP-A affects their adsorptions, is not clear. Transport of cholesterol to the surface region from dispersions of bovine lipid extract surfactant [BLES(chol)] with or without SP-A at 37 degrees C was studied by measuring surface radioactivities of [4-(14)C]cholesterol-labeled BLES(chol), and the Wilhelmy plate technique was used to monitor adsorption of monolayers. Results showed that transport of cholesterol was lipid concentration dependent. SP-A accelerated lipid adsorption but suppressed the final level of cholesterol in the surface. Surfactant adsorbed from a dispersion with or without SP-A was transferred via a wet filter paper to a clean surface, where the surface radioactivity and surface tension were recorded simultaneously. It was observed that 1) surface radioactivity was constant over a range of dispersion concentrations; 2) cholesterol and DPPC were transferred simultaneously; and 3) SP-A limited transfer of cholesterol. These results indicate that non-DPPC components of pulmonary surfactant can be adsorbed into the monolayer. Studies in the transfer of [1-(14)C]DPPC-labeled BLES(chol) to an equal or larger clean surface area revealed that SP-A did not increase selective adsorption of DPPC into the monolayer. Evaluation of transferred surfactant with a surface balance indicated that it equilibrated as a monolayer. Furthermore, examination of transferred surfactants from dispersions with and without prespread BLES(chol) monolayers revealed a functional contiguous association between adsorbed monolayers and reservoirs.
Domaine allemand. La pratique (2016)

Johann Joachim Quantz (1697-1773) Compositeur et flûtiste à la cour de Frédéric II de Prusse, Johann Joachim Quantz bénéficie d’une renommée considérable. Son traité sur la flûte traversière est extrêmement complet, abordant aussi bien le travail individuel de l’instrumentiste que l’art du jeu à plusieurs et les styles des différentes musiques. Sa manière très détaillée et systématique d’aborder les problèmes servira de modèle à la rédaction de traités ultérieurs concernant d’autres instrumen...
S-looper: automatic summarization for multipath string loops (2015)

Loops are important yet most challenging program constructs to analyze for various program analysis tasks. Existing loop analysis techniques mainly handle well loops that contain only integer variables with a single path in the loop body. The key challenge in summarizing a multiple-path loop is that a loop traversal can yield a large number of possibilities due to the different execution orders of these paths located in the loop; when a loop contains a conditional branch related to string content, we potentially need to track every character in the string for loop summarization, which is expensive. In this paper, we propose an approach, named S-Looper, to automatically summarize a type of loops related to a string traversal. This type of loops can contain multiple paths, and the branch conditions in the loop can be related to string content. Our approach is to identify patterns of the string based on the branch conditions along each path in the loop. Based on such patterns, we then generate a loop summary that describes the path conditions of a loop traversal as well as the symbolic values of each variable at the exit of a loop. Combined with vulnerability conditions, we are thus able to generate test inputs that traverse a loop in a specific way and lead to exploitation. Our experiments show that handling such string loops can largely improve the buffer overflow detection capabilities of the existing symbolic analysis tool. We also compared our techniques with KLEE and PEX, and show that we can generate test inputs more effectively and efficiently.
Novel stacked CMOS image sensor with advanced Cu2Cu hybrid bonding (2016)

We have successfully mass-produced novel stacked back-illuminated CMOS image sensors (BI-CIS). In the new CIS, we introduced advanced Cu2Cu hybrid bonding that we had developed. The electrical test results showed that our highly robust Cu2Cu hybrid bonding achieved remarkable connectivity and reliability. The performance of image sensor was also investigated and our novel stacked BI-CIS showed favorable results.