gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of individual leukocyte types from peripheral blood. (1968)

Abstract A method of separating individual leukocyte types from peripheral blood with a system of Ficoll gradients is presented. Erythrocytes are removed first by centrifugation of the blood over a single dense (35 per cent) solution of Ficoll in a balanced salt solution. The granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes are separated subsequently on a second Ficoll gradient. The latter consists of Ficoll layered stepwise in 0.5 per cent increments, the whole preparation being equilibrated for 24 hours. The method worked well for chicken and human blood with only minor modifications necessary to meet species differences. The over-all recoveries of the various cell types varied from 38 per cent for the granulocytes to 52 per cent for monocytes. From viability studies including assessment of phagocytic powers, motility, and exclusion of dye, the majority of cells appeared to be viable.
The cell wall-associated serine protease PrtA: a highly conserved virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae (2001)

The surface-associated subtilisin-like serine protease PrtA was identified by screening a genomic expression library from Streptococcus pneumoniae using a convalescent-phase serum. In Western blot analysis two forms of PrtA were detected in whole cell lysate and a truncated form only in culture supernatant suggesting that PrtA is produced as a precursor protein, translocated to the cell surface, truncated, and released into the surroundings. A 5′ fragment of the gene was found highly conserved among 78 pneumococcal isolates of clinical relevance. Immunogenicity of PrtA, limited genetic variation, and the involvement in pneumococcal virulence demonstrated in in vivo experiments might identify PrtA as a promising candidate for a protein based vaccine.
Refractive-index measurement of bulk materials: prism coupling method (1983)

A simple method of measuring refractive indices of bulk materials using a prism coupling procedure is described. Refractive indices are determined from the measurement of the angle incident to the prism at which total reflection on the prism base breaks. This method is shown to possess the advantages of its simple procedure and sample preparation. The accuracy is comparable with that of minimum deviation method if the prism is well calibrated. Experimental results for several materials are given with an evaluation of possible errors.
Real-time surface reconstruction through HRBF networks (2003)

A procedure for 3D surface reconstruction from range data in strict real-time is presented. The process is based on a connectionist model, the hierarchical radial basis function (HRBF) network, which has been proved to be effective in the reconstruction of smooth, space varying surfaces. An efficient data structure and locality assumptions allowed the derivation of a faster configuration algorithm, without degrading the approximation capabilities. Results show that computing time scales linearly with the number of neurons, and is comparable with the data acquisition time of most commercial scanners so that reconstruction can be performed in real time.
Uses and abuses of EIDORS: an extensible software base for EIT (2006)

EIDORS is an open source software suite for image reconstruction in electrical impedance tomography and diffuse optical tomography, designed to facilitate collaboration, testing and new research in these fields. This paper describes recent work to redesign the software structure in order to simplify its use and provide a uniform interface, permitting easier modification and customization. We describe the key features of this software, followed by examples of its use. One general issue with inverse problem software is the difficulty of correctly implementing algorithms and the consequent ease with which subtle numerical bugs can be inadvertently introduced. EIDORS helps with this issue, by allowing sharing and reuse of well-documented and debugged software. On the other hand, since EIDORS is designed to facilitate use by non-specialists, its use may inadvertently result in such numerical errors. In order to address this issue, we develop a list of ways in which such errors with inverse problems (which we refer to as 'cheats') may occur. Our hope is that such an overview may assist authors of software to avoid such implementation issues.
Androgen deprivation and stem cell markers in prostate cancers. (2009)

In our previous studies using human LNCaP xenografts and TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate) mice, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) resulted in a temporary cessation of prostate cancer (PCa) growth, but then tumors grew faster with more malignant behaviour. To understand whether cancer stem cells might play a role in PCa progression in these animal models, we investigated the expressions of stem cell-related markers in tumors at different time points after ADT. In both animal models, enhanced expressions of stem cell markers were observed in tumors of castrated mice, as compared to non-castrated controls. This increased cell population that expressed stem cell markers is designated as stem-like cells (SLC) in this article. We also observed that the SLC peaked at relatively early time points after ADT, before tumors resumed their growth. These results suggest that the SLC population may play a role in tumor re-growth and disease progression, and that targeting the SLC at their peak-expression time point may prevent tumor recurrence following ADT.
Intralesional Administration of Large Doses of Human Leukocyte Interferon for the Treatment of Condylomata Acuminata (1984)

Journal Article Intralesional Administration of Large Doses of Human Leukocyte Interferon for the Treatment of Condylomata Acuminata Get access Jeremy R. Geffen, Jeremy R. Geffen Departments of Dermatology and Microbiology, New York University Medical Center, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard J. Klein, Richard J. Klein Departments of Dermatology and Microbiology, New York University Medical Center, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alvin E. Friedman-Kien Alvin E. Friedman-Kien Departments of Dermatology and Microbiology, New York University Medical Center, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 150, Issue 4, October 1984, Pages 612–615, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/150.4.612 Published: 01 October 1984
Multi-Hop Ride Sharing (2021)

We study the problem of ride sharing in road networks. Current approaches to this problem focus on simple bulletin board like services or on algorithms that do not allow to transfer. In this work, we present a solution with an arbitrary number of transfers that respects personal preferences of the users. We engineer the ride sharing problem by searching a graph that represents a timetable network similar to those used for train networks. Our experimental analysis shows that our solution provides good performance and that it is significantly faster than a naive search. The algorithm achieves about an order of magnitude higher speedups over Dijkstra's algorithm than what could be expected from previous work.
Uncovering Nanoscale Electromechanical Heterogeneity in the Subfibrillar Structure of Collagen Fibrils Responsible for the Piezoelectricity of Bone (2009)

Understanding piezoelectricity, the linear electromechanical transduction, in bone and tendon and its potential role in mechanoelectric transduction leading to their growth and remodeling remains a challenging subject. With high-resolution piezoresponse force microscopy, we probed piezoelectric behavior in relevant biological samples at different scale levels: from the subfibrillar structures of single isolated collagen fibrils to bone. We revealed that, beyond the general understanding of collagen fibril being a piezoelectric material, there existed an intrinsic piezoelectric heterogeneity within a collagen fibril coinciding with the periodic variation of its gap and overlap regions. This piezoelectric heterogeneity persisted even for the collagen fibrils embedded in bone, bringing about new implications for its possible roles in structural formation and remodeling of bone.
"L'Aprenent", tretze professions de futur (2011)

El pasado 27 de noviembre, TV3 estreno el docuxou L'Aprenent, presentado por Llucia Ferrer. En cada programa, el presentador se inicia profesionalmente en un empleo diferente haciendo la funcion de un aprendiz que se acerca a trece oficios que actualmente se consideran nichos de empleo.
Interacting with Visual Poems through AR-Based Digital Artwork. (2012)

In this study, an AR-based digital artwork called ‘Mind Log’ was designed and evaluated. The augmented reality technique was employed to create digital artwork that would present interactive poems. A digital poem was generated via the interplay between a video film and a text-based poem. This artwork was created following a rigorous design flow, including: (1) conceptual formation, (2) prototype design, (3) expert-based evaluation that consisted of both a cognitive walkthrough and a heuristic evaluation, (4) the final artwork design combining a visual poem generator and an AR system, and (5) a series of evaluations from an audience's perspective. The system usability scale evaluation results show that this work achieved positive usability, audiences enjoyed the interaction with the artwork, and most people accepted AR-based digital poems.
Phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors by protein kinase B/Akt inhibits Ca <sup>2+</sup> release and apoptosis (2008)

Imbalance of signals that control cell survival and death results in pathologies, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Two pathways that are integral to setting the balance between cell survival and cell death are controlled by lipid-activated protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt and Ca(2+). PKB elicits its effects through the phosphorylation and inactivation of proapoptotic factors. Ca(2+) stimulates many prodeath pathways, among which is mitochondrial permeability transition. We identified Ca(2+) release through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R) intracellular channels as a prosurvival target of PKB. We demonstrated that in response to survival signals, PKB interacts with and phosphorylates InsP(3)Rs, significantly reducing their Ca(2+) release activity. Moreover, phosphorylation of InsP(3)Rs by PKB reduced cellular sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli through a mechanism that involved diminished Ca(2+) flux from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria. In glioblastoma cells that exhibit hyperactive PKB, the same prosurvival effect of PKB on InsP(3)R was found to be responsible for the insensitivity of these cells to apoptotic stimuli. We propose that PKB-mediated abolition of InsP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release may afford tumor cells a survival advantage.
Gene expression patterns in visual cortex during the critical period: Synaptic stabilization and reversal by visual deprivation (2008)

The mapping of eye-specific, geniculocortical inputs to primary visual cortex (V1) is highly sensitive to the balance of correlated activity between the two eyes during a restricted postnatal critical period for ocular dominance plasticity. This critical period is likely to have amplified expression of genes and proteins that mediate synaptic plasticity. DNA microarray analysis of transcription in mouse V1 before, during, and after the critical period identified 31 genes that were up-regulated and 22 that were down-regulated during the critical period. The highest-ranked up-regulated gene, cardiac troponin C, codes for a neuronal calcium-binding protein that regulates actin binding and whose expression is activity-dependent and relatively selective for layer-4 star pyramidal neurons. The highest-ranked down-regulated gene, synCAM, also has actin-based function. Actin-binding function, G protein signaling, transcription, and myelination are prominently represented in the critical period transcriptome. Monocular deprivation during the critical period reverses the expression of nearly all critical period genes. The profile of regulated genes suggests that synaptic stability is a principle driver of critical period gene expression and that alteration in visual activity drives homeostatic restoration of stability.
On the design of an optimal quantizer (1993)

The problem of designing an optimal quantizer with a fixed number of levels for a wide class of error weighting functions and an arbitrary distribution function is discussed. The existence of an optimal quantizer is proved, and a two-stage algorithm for its design is suggested. In this algorithm, at the first stage, Lloyd's iterative Method I is applied for reducing the region where, at the second stage, the search for an optimal quantizer is performed using a hybrid of the dynamic programming algorithm and the Lloyd-Max algorithm, which achieves the absolute optimality of dynamic programming with much less computational effort. For a continuous distribution with log-concave density and an increasing convex weighting function of the absolute quantization error, a reliable method is presented to compute the parameters of the optimal quantizer with a known precision using a generalization either of Lloyd's Method I or of the Lloyd-Max algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of nondegenerate four-wave mixing in electroabsorption modulator (2004)

The characteristics of nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in an electroabsorption modulator are reported. The input power dependence of FWM intensity agrees well with theoretical results based on third-order nonlinearity over a wide input power range of 16dB. The detuning characteristics of FWM have a −6dB∕octave response based on the carrier-density pulsation effect. The experimental results show that a higher reverse voltage brings about a faster carrier recombination. The asymmetricity of positive and negative detuning is the reverse of that of the semiconductor optical amplifier and is explained through a rate equation simulation.
III. On a new substance occurring in the urine of a patient with mollities ossium (1848)

Abstract On the 1st of November 1845 I received from Dr. Watson the following note, with a test tube containing a thick, yellow, semi-solid substance:—“The tube contains urine of very high specific gravity; when boiled it becomes highly opake; on the addition of nitric acid it effervesces, assumes a reddish hue, becomes quite clear, but, as it cools, assumes the consistence and appearance which you see: heat reliquifies it. What is it ?” A few hours afterwards a specimen of the same urine, passed by a grocer forty-seven years of age, who had been out of health for thirteen months, was sent to me by Dr. MacIntyre. He being in attendance on the case with Dr. Watson, had two days previously first observed the peculiar reactions of the urine.
Area-of-Effect Softbots (AoES) for Asteroid Proximity Operations (2019)

This paper will provide an introduction and overview of Area-of-Effect Softbots (AoES), which are currently in development under a Phase 2 NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) project. AoES are designed to operate in proximity to, and on the surface of, small asteroids to support mining and planetary defense missions. Their unique design and capabilities are dependent on the incorporation of soft, compliant, and lightweight materials. AoES have a large area-to-mass ratio which allows them to take advantage of the peculiarities of the dynamical environment around small asteroids. Specifically, AoES will use solar radiation pressure to sail to the surface of the target asteroid after being deployed at a safe altitude from a mothership around the asteroid. This capability and the associated control laws will be demonstrated, removing the need for propulsion systems. Furthermore, the large, flexible surface area allows for robustness with respect to uncertainty about the asteroid surface structure - it can provide flotation to prevent sinking into a very loose, dusty regolith, and also provide anchoring to the surface through natural and electroadhesion forces. The enabling technology that will allow the AoES design loop to close is a new class of soft actuators known as HASEL actuators. These actuators harness an electrohydraulic mechanism, whereby electrostatic forces generate hydraulic pressure to drive shape change in a soft fluid-filled structure. HASELs provide an extremely power- and mass-efficient mechanism for actuating the large flexible surface areas that are the essential components defining AoES. Current system design, requirements, and key tradeoffs will be discussed - with a particular focus on the actuation, mobility, anchoring, materials, and power systems/components. The nominal mission profile and concept of operations for using AoES in an asteroid mining mission will be outlined.
Factors Influencing Hepatic Glutathione Concentrations: A Study in Surgical Patients (1982)

1. Hepatic total glutathione (reduced plus oxidized) and oxidized glutathione levels were measured in operative wedge liver biopsy specimens obtained from 70 patients. 2. The effects on hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) level of four potential risk factors (abnormal liver histology, abnormal preoperative tests fo liver function, drug ingestion and protein malnutrition) were examined. 3. Each of the four risk factors was associated with a significant reduction in hepatic GSH. Multivariate analysis indicated that only three of these risk factors (abnormal liver histology, drug ingestion and protein malnutrition) had independent effects in reducing hepatic GSH. 4. Twenty-five of the 70 patients studied did not have any of the four risk factors. The mean hepatic GSH level in these patients was 3.92 mumol/g of liver wet weight (SD 0.62), giving a 95% reference range of 2.71-5.14 mumol/g of liver net weight.
Abstract 160: Perivascular Administration of Rapamycin Through Nanoparticles Prolongs Inhibition of Arterial Restenosis (2014)

Open vascular reconstructions frequently fail due to the development of recurrent disease or intimal hyperplasia (IH). This paper reports a novel drug delivery method using a rapamycin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs)/pluronic gel system that can be applied periadventitially around the carotid artery immediately following the open surgery. In vitro studies revealed that rapamycin dispersed in pluronic gel was rapidly released over 3 days whereas release of rapamycin from rapamycin-loaded PLGA NPs embedded in pluronic gel was more gradual over 4 weeks. In cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), rapamycin-loaded NPs produced durable (14 days versus 3 days for free rapamycin) inhibition of phosphorylation of S6 kinase (S6K1), a downstream target in the mTOR pathway. In a rat balloon injury model, periadventitial delivery of rapamycin-loaded NPs produced inhibition of phospho-S6K1 14 days after balloon injury. Immunostaining revealed that rapamycin-loaded NPs reduced SMC proliferation at both 14 and 28 days whereas rapamycin alone suppressed proliferation at day 14 only. Moreover, rapamycin-loaded NPs sustainably suppressed IH for at least 28 days following treatment, whereas rapamycin alone produced suppression on day 14 with rebound of IH by day 28. Since rapamycin, PLGA, and pluronic gel have all been approved by the FDA for other human therapies, this drug delivery method could potentially be translated into human use quickly to prevent failure of open vascular reconstructions.
Comparison of Alloys and Designs in a Hip Simulator Study of Metal on Metal Implants (1996)

Previous studies of metal on metal hip implants have shown that it is possible to obtain substantially lower volumetric wear than with metal on polyethylene pairings. To work toward design optimization, the gravimetric wear of serum lubricated, metal on metal implants was examined in a hip simulator apparatus. Seventeen implant specimens were fabricated from 3 alloys in various combinations of diameter and clearance and wear tested as many as 3 million cycles. Theory was developed to predict the thickness of elastohydrodynamic lubricant films, the linear wear, and wear zone geometry. To help interpret the data, implant diameter and clearance were combined into a single parameter called effective radius. Implants with larger effective radii (6-11 m) tended to experience lower wear, and theory suggested that this was a result of the correspondingly thicker elastohydrodynamic lubricant films providing an enhanced mixed film lubrication. As in most wear testing, the results were scattered but, overall, a low carbon, wrought alloy had lower wear than either a high carbon, cast alloy or a low carbon, commercial alloy. Because of the small number of specimens tested and possible variations in tribologic parameters such as calcium phosphate film formation and surface microgeometry, there was low statistical reliability of the results.
Complexity Evaluation Of Random Access To Coded Multi-View Video Data (2007)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Poznan, Poland, 2007
Basic problems caused by depth and size constraints in low-frequency underwater transducers (1980)

Scaling of a conventional transducer design to very low frequencies usually leads to greater power than needed and greater size than is considered tolerable. Normally, therefore, scaling guidelines are abandoned, and very low frequency transducers are miniaturized, that is, made with dimensions much smaller than the sound wavelength. The resulting low radiation resistance leads to high mechanical Q, poor power-to-weight ratio, and poorly behaved driving-point impedance. By employing electrical equalizers and acoustoelectrical feedback, the designer can achieve broad bandwidth in spite of the high Q, but an oversized driving amplifier is required. Transducers that operate at full ocean depths are usually liquid-filled. The stiffness of the interior liquid increases the transducer size and tends to raise its Q and lower its coupling factor. A Helmholtz resonator configuration is often advantageous in this situation. For more moderate depths, compliant tubes or compressed gas may be used to reduce the stiffness of the interior. However, depth capability is always obtained at the expense of acoustic performance.
A Bayesian approach to online system health monitoring (2013)

This paper introduces a new online system health monitoring methodology utilizing Bayesian Belief Networks. The developed methodology enables inference with limited number of monitoring points optimally placed to obtain information on functional states of components, subsystems, and relevant physical parameters affecting the reliability of elements of the system. The approach integrates physics of failure modes when available with traditional reliability data (e.g., failures and demands) and is (1) capable of assessing current state of a system's health and probabilistic assessment of the remaining life of the system (prognosis), and (2) through appropriate data processing and interpretation can point to elements of the system that have caused or are likely to result in system failure or degradation (diagnosis). Continuous health assessment is made possible through the application of dynamic BBNs. The proposed methodology is designed to answer important questions such as how to infer the health of a system based on limited number of monitoring points at certain subsystems (“upward” inference); how to infer the health of a subsystem or component based on knowledge of the health of the main system (“downward” inference); and how to infer the health of a subsystem based on knowledge of the health of other subsystems (“distributed” inference). The methodology and algorithms are demonstrated through an example.