gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new convex edge-preserving median prior with applications to tomography (2003)

In a Bayesian tomographic maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstruction, an estimate of the object f is computed by iteratively minimizing an objective function that typically comprises the sum of a log-likelihood (data consistency) term and prior (or penalty) term. The prior can be used to stabilize the solution and to also impose spatial properties on the solution. One such property, preservation of edges and locally monotonic regions, is captured by the well-known median root prior (MRP), an empirical method that has been applied to emission and transmission tomography. We propose an entirely new class of convex priors that depends on f and also on m, an auxiliary field in register with f. We specialize this class to our median prior (MP). The approximate action of the median prior is to draw, at each iteration, an object voxel toward its own local median. This action is similar to that of MRP and results in solutions that impose the same sorts of object properties as does MRP. Our MAP method is not empirical, since the problem is stated completely as the minimization of a joint (on f and m) objective. We propose an alternating algorithm to compute the joint MAP solution and apply this to emission tomography, showing that the reconstructions are qualitatively similar to those obtained using MRP.
Vinblastine, infusion, bleomycin, and cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum chemotherapy in metastatic melanoma (1981)

A chemotherapy regimen containing vinblastine-bleomycin-platinum has been studied in 42 patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Forty-seven percent of evaluable and 43% of all patients experienced objective response. Complete responses were seen in visceral sites. Median duration of response has not been reached but will exceed 26 weeks. Toxicity is predominantly marrow suppressive, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and mucocutaneous. Pulmonary toxicity was never severe when bleomycin dose was limited to less than 300 mg/m2 body surface area. Half of the patients relapsed with CNS metastases as a first presenting sign of recurrence. Because hospitalization is required in this program its dollar cost is high.
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides with Internucleotidic or Terminal Phosphorothioate Groups: Different Pathways in the Reaction with Water-Soluble Carbodhmide (1999)

Abstract Different ‘thiophilicity’ of water-soluble carbodiimides to sulfhydryl anions in mono-and diesters of phosphorothioic acid was demonstrated. The EDC (l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide) treatment of oligonucleotides containing phosphorothioate diesters with non-bridging sulfur leads to formation of stable adducts which can be isolated by PAGE or HPLC. In contrast, oligomers with terminal phosphorothioate monoesters form with EDC highly reactive intermediates which react easily with media nucleophiles (e.g. water or methanol, phosphomonoester anions).
Fas Ligand and TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Induction on Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Bladder Carcinoma by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Treatment (2005)

The data suggested that the enhanced infiltration of FasL- and/or TRAIL-expressing leukocytes (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells and macrophages) and the induction of Fas expression on tumor cells may play an important role in the therapeutic effect of BCG instillation.
Rapid flow-sorting to simultaneously resolve multiplex massively parallel sequencing products (2011)

Sample preparation for Roche/454, ABI/SOLiD and Life Technologies/Ion Torrent sequencing are based on amplification of library fragments on the surface of beads prior to sequencing. Commonly, libraries are barcoded and pooled, to maximise the sequence output of each sequence run. Here, we describe a novel approach for normalization of multiplex next generation sequencing libraries after emulsion PCR. Briefly, amplified libraries carrying unique barcodes are prepared by fluorescent tagging of complementary sequences and then resolved by high-speed flow cytometric sorting of labeled emulsion PCR beads. The protocol is simple and provides an even sequence distribution of multiplex libraries when sequencing the flow-sorted beads. Moreover, since many empty and mixed emulsion PCR beads are removed, the approach gives rise to a substantial increase in sequence quality and mean read length, as compared to that obtained by standard enrichment protocols.
Susceptibility to gut leakiness: a possible mechanism for endotoxaemia in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (2008)

Our findings suggest that aspirin acts on the colon to unmask a susceptibility to gut leakiness in patients with NASH. This effect may be the underlying mechanism for increased serum endotoxin, which is the second hit (after altered lipid metabolism) that is required to initiate a necroinflammatory cascade in hepatocytes which are already primed with obesity-induced abnormal lipid homoeostasis.
Open Undersea Cable Systems for Cloud Scale Operation (2017)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Gaudette and T. Stuch, "Open Undersea Cable Systems for Cloud Scale Operation," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper M2E.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Selective porous gates made from colloidal silica nanoparticles (2015)

Highly selective porous films were prepared by spin-coating deposition of colloidal silica nanoparticles on an appropriate macroporous substrate. Silica nanoparticles very homogenous in size were obtained by sol–gel reaction of a metal oxide silica precursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and using polystyrene- block -poly(ethylene oxide) (PS- b -PEO) copolymers as soft-templating agents. Nanoparticles synthesis was carried out in a mixed solvent system. After spin-coating onto a macroporous silicon nitride support, silica nanoparticles were calcined under controlled conditions. An organized nanoporous layer was obtained characterized by a depth filter-like structure with internal porosity due to interparticle voids. Permeability and size-selectivity were studied by monitoring the diffusion of probe molecules under standard conditions and under the application of an external stimulus (i.e., electric field). Promising results were obtained, suggesting possible applications of these nanoporous films as selective gates for controlled transport of chemical species in solution.
Secondary mould metabolites. Part 31. Isolation and structure elucidation of illudins A and B, and illudalenol, new sesquiterpenoids from Clitocybe illudens (1991)

The structure and relative configuration of the three novel sesquiterpenes illudin A 4, illudin B 5 and illudalenol 6, which were isolated from cultures of Clitocybe illudens(=Omphalotus olearius), have been determined on the basis of 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR (1H–13C HETCOR and 1H–13C COLOC) studies to be (2S*,4S*)-2,4-dihydroxyillud-5(9)-en-1-one, (2R*,4S*,6S*,8R*)-2,4,6,8 tetrahydroxyillud-5(9)-en-1-one and 4,2-dihydroxyilludala-2,5(9)-dien-1-one, respectively.
Internal model control approach to run-to-run control for semiconductor manufacturing (1997)

This paper presents the design of run-to-run (RtR) controllers using the internal model control (IMC) structure. In RtR control the input recipe for a run is determined using the in-situ and ex-situ measurements of the previous runs. RtR controllers designed based on linear response surface models (RSM) are considered. The RtR controllers should be robust to modeling errors and account for measurement delays. The RtR-IMC filter design is modified to compensate for process drifts, and to account for the additional unit measurement delay that exists for RtR control. Robustness conditions are developed for specific cases, to facilitate controller tuning. Simulations show that the developed RtR controllers are able to control the process output even in the presence of sudden disturbances, measurement delays and aging of the reactors. Simulations also show that they perform better than exponentially weighted moving average controllers and RtR-IMC controllers based on a double exponential filter. Since for many processes in semiconductor manufacturing the RtR controllers used are often based on linear RSM models, the current approach has wide applicability.
Real‐time quality assessment for voice over IP (2011)

SUMMARY A nonintrusive packet layer model is proposed for quality assessment of Voice over Internet Protocol. Through a simple analysis on the packet headers of the bit‐stream, the information about the bit‐rate and lost status is obtained for each frame. Then the frame quality is measured in terms of coding distortion, frame loss, and contamination because of error propagation. Given the frame quality, a two‐level temporal pooling scheme is designed to predict the overall speech quality. Experimental results show that the proposed model is very accurate in quality assessment. Moreover, the proposed packet layer model is featured by its low complexity, which makes it very suitable for real‐time quality monitoring for Voice over Internet Protocol services. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
E-Publishing and Digital Libraries (2011)

Copyright 2010, IGI Global, www.igi-global.com. Posted by permission of the publisher.
Postoperative Pain After Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Double-Blind Comparison Between Placebo and Local Anesthetic Infused Intraperitoneally (2004)

Abdominal hysterectomy is associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain. We randomly divided 40 patients (ASA status I-II) undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy into 2 groups: group P received an infusion of normal saline 5 mL/h via a catheter placed intraperitoneally at the end of surgery, and group L received 0.25% levobupivacaine 12.5 mg/h (5 mL/h). Ketobemidone was administered IV via a patient-controlled analgesia pump as a rescue analgesic in all patients. The catheter was removed after 24 h. Incisional pain, deep pain, and pain on coughing were assessed 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h after surgery by using a visual analog scale. Ketobemidone consumption during 0-72 h was recorded. Time to sit, walk, eat, and drink; home discharge; and plasma concentrations of levobupivacaine were also determined. Pain at the incision site, deep pain, and pain on coughing were all significantly less in group L compared with group P at 1-2 h after surgery. After 4 h, the mean visual analog scale pain scores at rest and during coughing remained <3 cm during most time periods. Total ketobemidone consumption during 4-24 h was significantly less in group L compared with group P (mean, 19 versus 31 mg, respectively). A less frequent incidence of postoperative nausea, but not vomiting, was also found during 4-24 h in group L compared with group P (P < 0.025). Total and free plasma concentrations of levobupivacaine were small. We conclude that levobupivacaine used as an infusion intraperitoneally after elective abdominal hysterectomy has significant opioid-sparing effects.
Improving classification accuracy using automatically extracted training data (2009)

Classification is a core task in knowledge discovery and data mining, and there has been substantial research effort in developing sophisticated classification models. In a parallel thread, recent work from the NLP community suggests that for tasks such as natural language disambiguation even a simple algorithm can outperform a sophisticated one, if it is provided with large quantities of high quality training data. In those applications, training data occurs naturally in text corpora, and high quality training data sets running into billions of words have been reportedly used.
α-<scp>L</scp>-Iduronidase forms semi-crystalline spherulites with amyloid-like properties (2000)

While seeking conditions for single crystals of human alpha-L-iduronidase, solutions were discovered (pH 3.0-8.5 containing calcium or zinc salts) that transform soluble alpha-L-iduronidase to a solid aggregate. This aggregate is a spherulite of semi-crystalline protein. The X-ray diffraction pattern and ability to bind Congo red characterize the alpha-L-iduronidase spherulite as 'amyloid-like', in that it displays two of the characteristics of amyloidogenic proteins. In addition, alpha-L-iduronidase also interacts with heparin, as do some amyloid-forming proteins.
A Novel Resistance Memory with High Scalability and Nanosecond Switching (2007)

We report a novel nonvolatile dual-layered electrolytic resistance memory composed of a conductive Cu ion activated layer and a thin insulator for the first time. An ON/OFF mechanism of this new type memory is postulated as follows: Cu ions pierce through the insulator layer by applied electric field, the ions form a Cu conductive bridge in the insulator layer, and this bridge dissolves back to the ion activated layer when the field is reversed. The 4 kbit memory array with 1T-1R cell structure was fabricated based on 180 nm CMOS process. Set/reset pulses were 5 ns, 110 muA and 1 ns, 125 muA, respectively. Those conditions provide large set/reset resistance ratio of over 2 orders of magnitude and satisfactory retention. Essential characteristics for high capacity memories including superb scalability down to 20 nmphi, sufficient endurance up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> cycles and preliminary data for 4-level memory are also presented. These characteristics promise the memory being the next generation high capacity nonvolatile memory even before the scaling limitation of flash memories is encountered.
Genetic Liability of Type 1 Diabetes and the Onset Age Among 22,650 Young Finnish Twin Pairs (2003)

Finland has the world's highest incidence of type 1 diabetes, and it is steadily increasing. We determined concordance rates and estimated heritability for type 1 diabetes in the Finnish Twin Cohort, a population-based twin cohort of 22,650 twin pairs. In addition, we studied age of onset in the first affected twin and discordance time between concordant twin pairs. Finnish twins born between 1958 and 1986 were followed for type 1 diabetes until 1998. We identified 228 twin pairs with type 1 diabetes: 44 monozygotic (MZ), 183 dizygotic (DZ), and 1 pair with unknown zygosity. The pairwise concordance for type 1 diabetes was 27.3% (95% CI 22.8-31.8) in MZ and 3.8% (2.7-4.9) in DZ twins. The probandwise concordance was 42.9% (26.7-59.2) and 7.4% (2.2-12.6), respectively. The longest discordance times were 6.9 years among concordant MZ twins and 23.6 years among DZ twins. The risk for type 1 diabetes was highest in cotwins of the index twins diagnosed at a very young age. The model with additive genetic and individual environmental effects was the best-fitting liability model, with 88% of phenotypic variance due to genetic factors and the remaining variance due to unshared environmental factors. In conclusion, these nationwide twin data demonstrated high genetic liability for type 1 diabetes. Early-onset diabetes increases the risk in cotwins. However, the majority of affected MZ twin pairs remain discordant for type 1 diabetes.
Insitu immunohistochemical analysis ofcell adhesion molecules on humancorneal endothelial cells (1992)

ofleucocytes withhumancorneal endothelial cells (HCECs) canbeobserved in several clinicopathological conditions, suchas uveitis, keratitis, andcorneal graft rejection. Sinceleucocyte-endothelial cell interactions involve various adhesion receptors wehave analysed theexpression anddistribution pattern oftheneural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM),theintercellular adhesion mole- cule-I (ICAM-1), thevascular cell adhesion molecule-I (VCAM-1), theendothelial leuco- cyteadhesion molecule-I (ELAM-1), andthe cluster ofdifferentiation antigen-44 (CD44) on flat preparations ofnormal andorgan-cultured HCECs.NCAM andICAMwereconstitutively expressed on HCECs whereasVCAM-1, ELAM-1, andCD44wereabsent fromnormal HCECs.However flat mountsofHCECsfrom organ-culture preserved corneas showeda mosaic-like distribution pattern ofVCAM-1 andELAM-1positive cells andgarland-like clusters ofCD44positive cells. We suggest thatmodulation ofELAM-1,VCAM-1,and CD44expression onHCECsmaycontribute to theregulation ofleucocytes-HCECs inter- action inthecaseofanterior segment inflam- mation.
Contribution of synchrotron radiation to photoactivation studies of biomolecular ions in the gas phase (2013)

Photon activation of ions in the visible and ultraviolet range attracts a growing interest, partly for its promising applications in tandem mass spectrometry. However, this task is not trivial, as it requires notably high brilliance photon sources. Hence, most of the work in that field has been performed using lasers. Synchrotron radiation is a source continuously tunable over a wide photon energy range and which possesses the necessary characteristics for ion activation. This review focuses on the array of applications of synchrotron radiation in photon activation of ions ranging from near UV to soft X-rays.
Automatically Generating User Interfaces For Ubiquitous Applications (2004)

Abstract. Supple is an application and device-independent system, currently under development at University of Washington, that automatically generates user interfaces for a wide variety of display devices. Supple uses decision-theoretic optimization to render an interface from an abstract functional specification and an interchangeable device model. Supple also provides adaptation and customization mechanisms that allow for system- and user-initiated modifications to the appearance, organization and navigational structure of the user interface. 1
Differential modulation by dopamine of responses evoked by excitatory amino acids in human cortex (1992)

The responses of human neocortical neurons to iontophoretic application of excitatory amino acids and their modulation by dopamine (DA) were studied in vitro. Brain slices were obtained from children undergoing surgery for intractable epilepsy. Application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) to the slices induced slow depolarizations accompanied by decreased input conductances and sustained action potentials in cortical neurons. Glutamate produced rapid depolarizations and firing with few changes in input conductances. Quisqualate also induced depolarization and firing, but input conductances increased during the rising phase of the membrane depolarization. Iontophoretic application of DA alone produced no change in membrane potential or input conductance. However, when DA was applied in conjunction with the excitatory amino acids, it produced contrasting effects. With either bath application of DA or when iontophoresis of DA preceded application of NMDA, the amplitude of the membrane depolarizations and the number of action potentials were increased, whereas the latency of these responses decreased. In contrast, DA decreased the amplitude of the depolarizations and the number of action potentials evoked by glutamate or quisqualate. The fact that DA affects responses to NMDA and glutamate or quisqualate in opposite directions is of considerable importance to the understanding of cellular mechanisms of neuromodulation and the role of DA in cognitive processing and in epilepsy.
Immunologic Studies of Hollow‐Fiber Dialyzer Extracts (1984)

Testing failed to detect free isocyanates in dialyzer rinses or significant levels of immunoglobulin E antibodies to isocyanate-protein conjugates in the serum of individuals reacting during hemodialysis with dialyzers containing Cuprophan membranes. Extended immunization of rabbits with Limulus lysate-reactive material from dialyzer rinses demonstrated antigenic activity of the rinse that appears to originate from cotton linters used in hollow-fiber membranes. The possibility that an immunologic response to these antigens may be a mechanism in adverse reactions to hemodialysis is discussed.
Concerted Protonation of Key Histidines Triggers Membrane Interaction of the Diphtheria Toxin T Domain (2007)

The translocation domain (T domain) of the diphtheria toxin contributes to the transfer of the catalytic domain from the cell endosome to the cytosol, where it blocks protein synthesis. Translocation is initiated when endosome acidification induces the interaction of the T domain with the membrane of the compartment. We found that the protonation of histidine side chains triggers the conformational changes required for membrane interaction. All histidines are involved in a concerted manner, but none is indispensable. However, the preponderance of each histidine varies according to the transition observed. The pair His(223)-His(257) and His(251) are the most sensitive triggers for the formation of the molten globule state in solution, whereas His(322)-His(323) and His(251) are the most sensitive triggers for membrane binding. Interestingly, the histidines are located at key positions throughout the structure of the protein, in hinges and at the interface between each of the three layers of helices forming the domain. Their protonation induces local destabilizations, disrupting the tertiary structure and favoring membrane interaction. We propose that the selection of histidine residues as triggers of membrane interaction enables the T domain to initiate translocation at the rather mild pH found in the endosome, contributing to toxin efficacy.
Advanced Ceramics from Preceramic Polymers Modified at the Nano-Scale: A Review (2014)

Preceramic polymers, <i>i.e.</i>, polymers that are converted into ceramics upon heat treatment, have been successfully used for almost 40 years to give advanced ceramics, especially belonging to the ternary SiCO and SiCN systems or to the quaternary SiBCN system. One of their main advantages is the possibility of combining the shaping and synthesis of ceramics: components can be shaped at the precursor stage by conventional plastic-forming techniques, such as spinning, blowing, injection molding, warm pressing and resin transfer molding, and then converted into ceramics by treatments typically above 800 °C. The extension of the approach to a wider range of ceramic compositions and applications, both structural and thermo-structural (refractory components, thermal barrier coatings) or functional (bioactive ceramics, luminescent materials), mainly relies on modifications of the polymers at the nano-scale, <i>i.e.</i>, on the introduction of nano-sized fillers and/or chemical additives, leading to nano-structured ceramic components upon thermal conversion. Fillers and additives may react with the main ceramic residue of the polymer, leading to ceramics of significant engineering interest (such as silicates and SiAlONs), or cause the formation of secondary phases, significantly affecting the functionalities of the polymer-derived matrix.