gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of the 110-K superconducting phase via the amorphous state in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system (1989)

The thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of both the 85 and 110-K superconducting phases during the crystallization annealing process have been observed and analyzed using x-ray diffraction, magnetic shielding, and resistivity measurements in crystallized Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O glasses with nominal compositions ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{x}}$ (2:2:2:3), ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{x}}$ (2:2:3:4), and ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{4}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{5}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{x}}$ (2:2:4:5). A single superconducting transition near 110 K has been observed in both resistive and magnetization shielding experiments for crystallized samples with 2:2:3:4 and 2:2:4:5 nominal compositions. Eutectic crystallization occurs during annealing of rapidly solidified glass samples. Both the 85-K and ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{3}$ phases cooperatively nucleate and grow from the amorphous matrix. The 110-K phase subsequently forms at the interfaces between the eutectic products, controlled by calcium and copper diffusion. A phase-change cycling has been observed, during which the 110-K phase increases in volume percent with increasing annealing time at 870 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in calcium- and copper-rich samples. It then vanishes as annealing is prolonged at the same temperature. This behavior also occurs with different time periods depending on the initial calcium and copper composition of the samples. Microstructural changes associated with such cycling have also been observed. Also discussed are crystallization mechanisms, diffusion phenomena, and related superconducting properties.
The comparative study of optical fiber coupling scheme in pigtailing of semiconductor optical amplifiers (2008)

In this paper we present analysis on three different coupling systems, i.e., butt, single ball lens, and two ball lenses between the tips of two coupled single mode fiber in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) module. The coupling components inside the module can be aligned in an active alignment process and attached by means of dual beam from an Nd: YAG laser welding system. The tips of the coupled fiber are ferruled inside metallic tubes to enable the attachment to the substrates through saddle-shaped welding clips. Investigations of the variations of coupling efficiency with the with working distance for the three schemes showed that two ball lenses is more efficient with coupling efficiency of 75% followed by single ball lens at 55% and butt coupling mode at 20% maximum. In addition dual ball lens configuration have shown to have better longitudinal tolerant even with an elliptical beam profile from the source fiber. This is however not the case in single ball lens and butt coupling scheme. We also observe however the optimum separation between the two lenses at in the range between 0.35 mm - 0.45 mm. This is to ensure the coupling efficiency is the highest possible within the acceptable tolerant misalignments.
The Effects of Wash Water Quality on the Aging Characteristics of Paper (1979)

Conservators frequently wash paper to remove dirt, stains, acids, and decomposition products. Washing an acid paper with the proper water significantly increases its life. The use of high-quality water, distilled 'or deionized, would seem to be advisable for this purpose. However, recent work at the Library of Congress shows that such extra-pure water, containing no calcium, may shorten the life of the paper when compared with an unwashed control or Washington, D. C. municipal tap water, as measured by folding endurance and brightness tests carried out after accelerated aging in dry and humid ovens. Washington tap water has certain drawbacks because it contains chlorine which acts to oxidize cellulose, and iron and copper compounds which may act as oxidation catalysts for paper stored under humid conditions. Distilled or deionized water passed through a column of calcium carbonate chips becomes acceptable for paper washing, and can be used without shortening the life of the paper. This calcium modified water will, however, pick up copper compounds from copper pipes used to deliver it to washing sinks, and should be carried by inert piping.
A Non-.ALPHA.-like DNA Polymerase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. (1995)

We identified a DNA polymerase with properties that differed from those of alpha-like DNA polymerase (Pol I), in Pyrococcus furiosus, a hyperthermophilic archaeon. The novel DNA polymerase (Pol II) was partially purified and characterized. The DNA polymerizing activity of Pol II was relatively sensitive to dideoxythymidine-triphosphate (ddTTP) and it was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, but not by aphidicolin. Activity staining gel electrophoresis showed that the DNA polymerizing activity was derived from a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 130000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The DNA elongation ability of Pol II using a natural DNA template was much lower than that of Pol I from this organism and DNA synthesis of Pol II seems to be non-processive.
Graphical state-space programmability as a natural interface for robotic control (2010)

We present an interface for controlling mobile robots that combines aspects of graphical trajectory specification and state-based programming. This work is motivated by common tasks executed by our underwater vehicles, although we illustrate a mode of interaction that is applicable to mobile robotics in general. The key aspect of our approach is to provide an intuitive linkage between the graphical visualization of regions of interest in the environment, and activities relevant to these regions. In addition to introducing this novel programming paradigm, we also describe the associated system architecture developed on-board our amphibious robot. We then present a user interaction study that illustrates the benefits in usability of our graphical interface, compared to conventionally established programming techniques.
X-ray diffraction characterization of thin superconductive films (1995)

The physical and mechanical properties of thin films are often different from the properties of bulk material and are dictated by the film/substrate orientation relationship, crystal anisotropy and crystalgraphic texture of the film. X-ray diffraction texture analysis provides information about preferential film growth and can be used for optimization of deposition parameters and prediction of properties of thin films. An x-ray back reflection technique using the Braga-Brentano geometry with experimental corrections for absorption and defocusing was used to study thin ceramic films deposited by combustion chemical vapor deposition (CCVD). The film/substrate orientation relationships of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (YBCO) superconducting thin films deposited via CCVD on single crystal MgO and polycrystalline silver substrates were studied. The as-deposited films on single crystal (100) MgO substrates showed strong preferential growth with the basal plane parallel to the substrate surface (c-axis up growth). Texture analysis showed two in-plane alignment orientations of the film with respect to the substrate, with YBCO [100] and [110] aligned with the [100] MgO substrate. YBCO films deposited on cold-rolled polycrystalline silver displayed c-axis up growth indicating that the orientation of the polycrystalline substrate (brass type texture) did not induce detectable in-plane preferential growth of the YBCO.
Convenient resolution method for the preparation of isoleucine optical isomers (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient resolution method for the preparation of isoleucine optical isomersGeorge Flouret and Satoe H. NakagawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 18, 2635–2637Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00906a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (462 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Detection of Asymmetric Sideband Signals in the Presence of Noise (1959)

The first part of this paper analyzes three methods of detection of signals contaminated by fluctuation noise: (1) Linear Envelope Detectors (2) Product Detectors (3) Exalted Carrier Detectors. A new ratio, the ``video-to-noise-error ratio'' is proposed for a more adequate quantitative evaluation of detector performance. Its use is justified by a large number of theoretical curves and experimental results. The theoretical and practical results show that an improvement in the output video-to-noise-error ratio is obtained by substitution of a product detector for an envelope detector. Improvements of 11 decibels have been measured. The second part of this paper analyzes the effects of impulse noise on the detection of asymmetric sideband signals. It is shown that product detectors eliminate the rectification of the noise envelope found in envelope detectors. This is of particular interest in asymmetric sideband systems where the noise output will be at relatively high frequencies. These can often be separated from lower frequency signals, making possible efficient impulse noise suppression.
Regiospecific and Diastereoselective C−H and C−Si Bond Activation of ω-Silyl-Substituted Alkane Nitriles by “Bare” Co<sup>+</sup> Cations in the Gas Phase (1997)

The unimolecular decompositions of 5-methyl-7-trimethylsilylheptanenitrile (1) and 6-methyl-8-trimethylsilyloctanenitrile (2) complexed to “bare” Co+ cations have been investigated by means of tandem mass spectrometry. The Co+-mediated bond activations display a high degree of selectivity in that the major (>90%) neutral product formed is trimethylsilane. Regio- and diastereospecific labeling experiments were conducted to gain further insight into the mechanistic details, in particular, the unique regio- and stereoselectivity of the losses of trimethylsilane from 1/Co+ and 2/Co+, respectively. The reaction follows a clean 1,2-elimination process, in which the building blocks of the neutral HSiMe3 stem exclusively from activation of a C−H bond in the (ω − 1) position and the Si−C bond. The observed regiospecificity can only be accounted for by invoking a metal-ion-mediated cooperation of the SiMe3 and the CN groups in the course of the multistep reaction sequence. The examination of diastereospecifically labeled isotopologues of 1 and 2 reveals a remarkably high diastereoselectivity for the desilylation, and the steric effects (SE) clearly exceed the kinetic isotope effects (KIE) associated with C−H and C−D bond activation, respectively; i.e., KIE = 1.6 ± 0.1 and SE = 4.1 ± 0.2 for 1/Co+, and KIE = 1.5 ± 0.1 and SE = 3.0 ± 0.2 for 2/Co+. These unprecedented examples for stereoselective C−Si bond activations by Co+ in the gas phase can be rationalized in terms of steric interactions in the different conformations of the metallacyclic intermediates.
The ingredients of a successful snuff cessation program. (1994)

From the brief outline of the details so necessary for a successful snuff cessation program, it is apparent that snuff addiction is a complex and difficult issue. In the same way that some things in clinical dentistry you prefer to do and some things you prefer to refer, so it may be for your snuff addicts. By virtue of your rapport with your patient, you may be the best to treat the patient's addiction or you may want to refer the patient to an established snuff cessation program (not a cigarette cessation program). Simply telling the snuff addict not to dip is grossly inadequate. Dentists have been very successful in stemming the tide of dental caries and periodontal disease. From the knowledge gained in these prevention programs and the fact that snuff has such an impact in the mouth, the dentist is the natural health care provider to conduct successful snuff cessation programs.
Blind estimation of multiple co-channel digital signals using an antenna array (1994)

Proposes a novel approach for separating and estimating multiple co-channel digital signals using an antenna array. The spatial response of the array is unknown. The authors exploit the temporal structure of the digital signals to simultaneously determine the array response and the bit sequence for each signal. Uniqueness of the estimates is established for signals with BPSK modulation format. This new approach is applicable to an unknown array geometry and propagation environment, which is particularly useful in digital mobile communications. Simulation results demonstrate its promising performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A full-color LCD addressed by poly-Si TFTs fabricated below 450 degrees C (1989)

Poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated with a maximum processing temperature of 450 degrees C by means of laser-induced crystallization of a-Si are discussed. These devices show high mobilities (50 cm/sup 2//V-s), low threshold voltages (2 V), low off current (10/sup -12/ A), and high reliability. A 3.5-in.-diagonal full-color liquid-crystal display addressed by these poly-Si TFTs is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Soft decisions for DQPSK demodulation for the Viterbi decoding of the convolutional codes (2004)

The conventional soft decision algorithm for DQPSK uses only the differential angle between consecutive DQPSK symbols. However it is possible to improve the accuracy of the soft decision bits by taking the amplitude information of the two DQPSK symbols into account. This paper introduces novel soft decision algorithms based on this approach which give a performance improvement compared to the conventional methods equivalent to an SNR gain of up to 5 dB.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of plasmid DNA. (1990)

We present scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of uncoated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) electrochemically mounted on highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and imaged in air. Images of linear abnormalities inherent to HOPG surfaces that can be confused with DNA are also presented. Scanning tunneling spectroscopic (STS) images generated by superimposing a small, high frequency ac bias onto the dc tunnel bias and recording the ac current signal were taken simultaneously with the topographic images. These spectroscopic images reveal contrast due to local conductivity variations and can be used to differentiate DNA molecules from graphite artifacts.
The effects of co-wound Kapton, stainless steel and copper, in comparison with no insulation, on the time constant and stability of GdBCO pancake coils (2014)

Recently, studies of partially insulated, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils have shown application in the design and construction of compact, stable and self-protecting HTS coils. This article presents the electrical characteristics of HTS coils based on the turn-to-turn inserted materials and conditions. Three partially co-wound pancake coils were fabricated and tested. Each coil was partially co-wound with Kapton, stainless steel and copper tape at every fourth turn of the winding. Tested coils were co-wound on every turn with Kapton, stainless steel and copper tape, and coils without turn-to-turn insulation were the control group. Charge–discharge, sudden-discharge and over-current tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the fabricated coils. The experimental results show that the properties of materials inserted into the coil can control the time constant (τ). Therefore, HTS coils can be designed for specific purposes according to the time constant control. The experimental results of the study could be useful in designing HTS coil applications.
Relationship between human oocyte maturity, fertilization and follicular fluid growth factors (1994)

Follicular fluid concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and oestradiol were related to diversities in oocyte maturation and fertilization among oocytes obtained for in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Follicular fluid GH, IGF-I and oestradiol concentrations were significantly correlated with increasing follicular size. Follicles with immature oocytes had concentrations of oestradiol that were significantly lower when compared to follicles with intermediate and mature oocytes. Follicular fluid EGF concentration was similar for all oocyte maturational stages. In follicular fluids with mature oocytes we found IGF-I and GH concentrations were significantly higher compared to those of follicular fluid with atretic oocytes. Follicular fluids with immature and intermediate oocytes had similar concentrations of GH and IGF-I to follicular fluid containing mature oocytes and higher concentrations than follicular fluid with atretic oocytes. No statistically significant difference was found between fertilized and unfertilized oocytes. We conclude that maturation of oocytes is associated with higher concentrations of GH, IGF-I and oestradiol, but follicular fluid IGF-I and GH concentrations cannot serve as a predictor for IVF.
Effects of hypercapnia, hypoxia, and rebreathing on circulatory response to apnea (1983)

Cardiovascular responses to cessation of respiration and to progressive hypoxia and hypercapnia were investigated noninvasively in eight male volunteers. A total of five 90-s breath holds (BH) with face immersion were performed by each subject. A continuous BH (BH-1) eliminated the circulatory effects of respiratory movements, BH with air (BH-3) or with O2 (BH-5) with rebreathing at 15-s intervals through a CO2 scrubber reduced the effect of hypercapnia, and BH with air (BH-2) or with O2 (BH-4) with rebreathing at 15-s intervals bypassing the CO2 scrubber produced hypercapnia with or without concomitant hypoxia. Mean arterial blood pressure rose continuously in BH-1 and BH-2 and to a much lesser degree in other BHs. Vasoconstriction was evident within 30 s of BH. Determined by impedance cardiograph, stroke volume (SV) rose by 33%, which was balanced out by a 30% reduction in heart rate (HR) from the pre-BH values, at the end of a continuous BH. A transient depression of cardiac output (CO) was observed at 30 and 60 s of BH-1. CO values were maintained at pre-BH levels throughout the BHs where progressive hypercapnia occurred (BH-2 and BH-4) but were depressed to a similar degree as BH-1 when hypercapnia was prevented (BH-3 and BH-5). Alveolar CO2 levels were found to be correlated linearly and positively with SV, HR, and CO. No such relationship existed between alveolar O2 levels and these hemodynamic parameters. Thus rebreathing and hypercapnia during BH prevented CO from falling during BH. It is reasoned that hypercapnia and consequent acidosis, through enhanced sympathoadrenal release of catecholamines, was responsible for the compensatory SV response.
Double-balloon remodeling of wide-necked aneurysms distal to the circle of Willis. (2005)

We describe a remodeling technique in which two compliant balloon catheters were used to treat large, wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms distal to the circle of Willis in two patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Although vasospasm and interaction between the constrained catheters in the small distal arteries added to the complexity of the procedure, placement of a balloon catheter in each side branch prevented coil encroachment and enabled embolization of these aneurysms.
Template-Free Synthesis of Organically Modified Silica Mesoporous Thin Films for TNT Sensing (2010)

In this paper, we present a facile, template-free sol−gel method to produce fluorescent and highly mesoporous organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) thin films for vapor phase sensing of TNT. An alkyltrifunctional, methyltrimethoxysilane MTMS precursor was used to impart hydrophobic behavior to gel network in order to form the spring back effect. In this way, porous films (up to 74% porosity) are obtained at ambient conditions. Fluorescent molecules are physically encapsulated in the ORMOSIL network during gelation. Fluorescence of the films was found to be stable even after 3 months, proving the successful fixing of the dye into the ORMOSIL network. The functional ORMOSIL thin films exhibited high fluorescence quenching upon exposition to TNT and DNT vapor. Fluorescence quenching responses of the films are thickness-dependent and higher fluorescence quenching efficiency was observed for the thinnest film (8.6% in 10 s). The prepared mesoporous ORMOSIL thin films have great potential in new sensor and catalysis applications.
NF-YC3, NF-YC4 and NF-YC9 are required for CONSTANS-mediated, photoperiod-dependent flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana (2010)

NF-Y transcription factors represent a complex of three proteins called NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC. Each protein is highly conserved in eukaryotes, and in the plant lineage has undergone numerous rounds of duplication. Individual NF-Y are emerging as important regulators of several essential plant processes, including embryogenesis, drought resistance, maintenance of meristems in nitrogen-fixing nodules and photoperiod-dependent flowering time. Building on the recent finding that NF-YB2 and NF-YB3 have overlapping functionality in Arabidopsis photoperiod-dependent flowering (Kumimoto et al., 2008), we have identified three NF-YC (NF-YC3, NF-YC4, and NF-YC9) that are also required for flowering, and physically interact in vivo with both NF-YB2 and NF-YB3. Furthermore, NF-YC3, NF-YC4 and NF-YC9 can physically interact with full-length CONSTANS (CO), and are genetically required for CO-mediated floral promotion. Collectively, the present data greatly strengthens and extends the argument that CO utilizes NF-Y transcription factor complexes for the activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) during photoperiod-dependent floral initiation.