gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Helium Head Pressure Carbon Dioxide in Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography:  Thermodynamic Analysis of the Effects of Helium (1998)

The Peng−Robinson equation of state (EOS) is employed to quantify the effects of entrained helium when helium head pressure carbon dioxide (HHPCO2) is used in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Naphthalene serves as a model analyte, and the unlike interaction energy parameters of the EOS are obtained from the respective second cross-virial coefficients. The Peng−Robinson EOS provides a reasonable description of the vapor−liquid equilibrium in HHPCO2 storage tanks at room temperature. Variations in the content of helium in HHPCO2 within the relevant range (between 0 and 5 mol %) are predicted to produce significant changes in the density and solubility parameter of HHPCO2, in the solubility of naphthalene in HHPCO2, and in the chromatographic retention of naphthalene if HHPCO2 serves as the mobile-phase fluid. These results provide a computational indication that the use of HHPCO2 in SFE and SFC should be avoided.
Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in human lung cancer. (2001)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a member of the steroid nuclear receptors. Recent studies have demonstrated that PPAR-gamma is expressed in several cancer cells. We examined the PPAR-gamma expression in both normal lung and major types of human lung cancer. The expression of PPAR-gamma mRNA was detected in 2 out of 3 normal lung tissues and its protein was detected in 3 out of 5 normal lung tissues. In contrast, a small cell carcinoma cell line and all other types of lung cancer tissues expressed PPAR-gamma mRNA and its protein. Immunoreactive PPAR-gamma is strongly expressed in cancer cells and moderately in mononuclear cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts of lung cancer tissues. Our results suggest that PPAR-gamma may play an important role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of lung cancer, and may be a novel therapeutical target for therapy of lung cancer.
Printing High Viscosity Fluids using Ultrasonic Droplet Generation (2008)

A new printing technology based on ultrasonic actuation (~1 MHz) is presented that has the potential to print high viscosity fluids. In this paper, we describe the print-head’s operating principles and construction. Acoustic focusing in the nozzles produces high pressure gradients that help eject the fluid which, under the proper conditions, forms droplets. Two types of models are presented to attempt to predict print-head behavior over a range of conditions. The first model borrows from simple fully developed, laminar flows to estimate printing conditions based on fluid properties, as well as printing pressures. The second model captures the dynamic behavior of the print-head to estimate cavity resonances that lead to acoustic focusing and potentially droplet generation. We report on experiments with several types of fluids that demonstrate the technology’s potential.
Reliability of nitrided Si–SiO2 interfaces formed by a new, low-temperature, remote-plasma process (1995)

Controlled amounts of nitrogen atoms have been incorporated at Si–SiO2 interfaces by a new, low-temperature (300 °C), remote-plasma process, and corresponding improvements in device reliability are reported. Interfacial nitrogen-atom concentrations, up to 1×1015 cm−2, were obtained by a predeposition, remote plasma-assisted oxidation using mixtures of N2O and O2. Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry studies to analyze N-atom concentrations at Si–SiO2 interfaces are discussed. Also, the results of electrical testing of submicron, n-channel metal–oxide–silicon field-effect transistors fabricated with this new process technology are reported. We found that the incorporation of N atoms at the Si–SiO2 interface increased current drive capability at high gate voltages but did not affect the threshold voltage of devices or the peak channel transconductance, gm. Device reliability, as measured by resistance to peak gm degradation after hot-carrier stressing, was found to increase with increasing N-atom concentrations at the Si–SiO2 interface.
Ophthalmodynamometry and Ocular Pulse Studies in Carotid Occlusion (1971)

Ophthalmodynamometry and ocular pulse studies were performed on rabbits with surgically induced acute and chronic unilateral common carotid occlusion. Ocular pulses were recorded by the suction cup technique at intraocular pressures between 8 and 140 mm Hg and were correlated with choroidal and retinal diastolic and systolic pressures. Choroidal systole and diastole were found to be approximately 14 mm Hg less than corresponding retinal values. Peak ocular pulse amplitudes were obtained at intraocular pressures approximately one-half retinal diastolic values. The ocular pulse amplitude was more sensitive than ophthalmodynamometry in detecting both acute and chronic carotid occlusions.
BIOSORPTION OF CR (III) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING INDIGENOUS BIOMATERIALS (2008)

In the present study, an indigenous medicinal plant, Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae) was used as bioadsorbent for the removal of Cr (III) ions from synthetic wastewater and the method was also applied for real sample analysis. The biosorption of Cr (III) was a two-stage batch reactor process. In the first stage, raw biomaterial was used to the conversion of Cr (VI) into Cr (III). The amount of the biomaterial was 2.5g. The percent conversion was 100. The second stage involved the biosorption of Cr (III) onto the activated carbon of the biomaterial. The result indicated that, the biosorption of Cr (III) was 98.5 % at the optimum pH of 3.2. The experiments were carried out at the temperature of 25 ± 20C. The optimum contact time was 150 min and the adsorbent dose was 2.5g of activated carbon. The effect of concentration was also studied for the design of the treatment systems and this methodology is highly suitable for the treatment of chromium containing wastewater.
The effects of Au aggregate morphology on surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement (2006)

We have identified empirically a relationship between the surface morphology of small individual aggregates (<100 Au nanoparticles) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement. We have found that multilayer aggregates generated greater SERS enhancement than aggregates limited to two-dimensional (2D) or one-dimensional structures, independent of the number of particles. SERS intensity was measured using the 730 cm(-1) vibrational mode of the adsorbed adenine molecule on 75 nm Au particles, at an excitation wavelength of 632.8 nm. To gain insight into these relationships and its mechanism, we developed a qualitative model that considers the collections of interacting Au nanoparticles of an individual aggregate as a continuous single entity that retains its salient features. We found the dimensions of the modeled surface features to be comparable with those found in rough metal surfaces, known to sustain surface plasmon resonance and generate strong SERS enhancement. Among the aggregates that we have characterized, a three 75 nm nanoparticle system was the smallest to generate strong SERS enhancement. However, we also identified single individual Au nanoparticles as SERS active at the same wavelength, but with a diameter twice in size. For example, we observed a symmetric SERS-active particle of 180 nm in diameter. Such individual nanoparticles generated SERS enhancement on the same order of magnitude as the small monolayer Au aggregates, an intensity value significantly stronger than predicted in recent theoretical studies. We also found that an aspect of our model that relates the dimensions of its features to SERS enhancement is also applicable to single individual Au particles. We conclude that the size of the nanoparticle itself, or the size of a protrusion of an irregularly shaped single Au particle, will contribute to SERS enhancement provided that its dimensions satisfy the conditions for plasmon resonance. In addition, by considering the ratio of the generated intensities of typical 2D Au aggregates to the enhancement of individual SERS-active particles, a value of approximately 2 is determined. Its moderate value suggests that it is not the aggregation effect that is responsible for much of the observed SERS enhancement but the surface region associated with the SERS-active site.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-producing Pituitary Tumors: 12- to 22-year Follow-up after Treatment with Stereotactic Radiosurgery (2001)

Stereotactic radiosurgery is a safe and effective method in the treatment of patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pituitary tumors, and the effect of treatment is long-lasting. Stereotactic radiosurgery is mainly a complement to microsurgery because of its gradually appearing effect and the occurrence of pituitary insufficiency. New pituitary deficiencies may be found more than 10 years after treatment.
Bilateral maculopathy associated with sertraline (2014)

Maculopathy associated with sertraline use has yet to be established and recognized as an adverse side effect. With only one previous reported case in the literature, this condition requires further awareness.
Overview of fiber optic sensing technologies for structural health monitoring (2017)

There exist a great variety of fiber optic sensors (FOSs) for structural monitoring in both the academic and industrial areas. The greatest advantages of FOS are intrinsically linked to the optical fiber itself that is either used as a link between the sensor and the signal conditioner, or becomes the sensor itself in the case of long-gauge and distributed sensors. The measurement setup uses low-coherence interferometry to measure the length difference between two optical fibers installed on the structure to be monitored. Bragg gratings are periodic alterations in the index of refraction of the fiber core that can be produced by adequately exposing the fiber to intense ultraviolet (UV) light. The produced gratings typically have length of the order of 10 mm. Raman scattering is the result of a nonlinear interaction between the light traveling in a fiber and silica. Brillouin scattering sensors show an interesting potential for distributed strain and temperature monitoring.
Commonly used suture materials in skin surgery. (1991)

The ideal suture is strong, handles easily and forms secure knots. It causes minimal tissue inflammation and does not promote infection. It stretches, accommodates wound edema and recoils to its original length with wound contraction. Ideally, it is also inexpensive. Although no single suture material possesses all of these features, proper selection of sutures helps achieve better results in skin surgery. Among the absorbable sutures are catgut and treated catgut (both are used infrequently) and the synthetic sutures, which are designed for good tensile strength, easy handling and low tissue reactivity. Nonabsorbable sutures include silk (now infrequently used) and several synthetic materials designed for elasticity, easy handling, good knot security and minimal tissue irritation.
Development and validation of an improved test for the measurement of human faecal elastase-1 (2008)

We have demonstrated that our new device overcomes water interference, allowing results to be obtained from stool samples that would otherwise be unsuitable for FE-1 analysis.
Price of Isotropy in Multidetector CT (2007)

Recent advances in multidetector computed tomography (CT) have made isotropic data acquisition feasible for nearly every application. The benefits of routine use of isotropic data for image display and interpretation have been described in the literature and at educational conferences. However, there is usually a trade-off in the form of an increased radiation dose to the patient. The parameters that affect the radiation dose vary considerably in accordance with the CT scanner design, and those variations determine the cost in dose increase relative to the voxel size. The detector configuration and beam collimation (narrow or wide) used for a particular acquisition also affect the voxel size and the relationship between spatial resolution and the radiation dose. By closely comparing the quality of multidetector CT images obtained with different detector configurations on scanners with four, 16, 40, and 64 channels and the estimated radiation exposure incurred with each option, radiologists may achieve an understanding of the relationship between radiation dose and voxel size. This understanding, in turn, may help balance the need for diagnostic image quality against the concern for patient safety.
THE ACTION OF LOW REACTIVE LEVEL LASER THERAPY (LLLT) ON MAST CELLS: (1989)

The tongue of the Swiss muse is rich in mast cells (MC). Tongues of animals in the experimental group were irradiated using u He-Ne laser (2.4 J/cm2, 632 nm), and a second set of unirradiated animals served as the control. Two output powers were used, with the irradiation time adjusted to produce the same energy dencity. The possible nonselective degranulation of LLLT-irradiated mast cells was examined quantitatively and morphometically using optic and electron microscopy. By means of radioimmunoassay, the histamisie content of pulverized tongue was evaluated, comparing the levels of both experimental and control tissue. The irradiated tongue tissue showed a significantly higher histamine level compared with the control. in addition, the level of histamine in the inlerstitial cellular medium and the degree of other histological changes such as vasodilation was significantly higher following a single irradiation with the He-Ne laser at the above settings, The observations from this study may serve as a further indication of a bioactivative effect of Lew reactive level laser therapy, a therapeutic process still not fully understood.
Adaptive Caustic Maps Using Deferred Shading (2009)

Abstract Caustic maps provide an interactive image‐space method to render caustics, the focusing of light via reflection and refraction. Unfortunately, caustic mapping suffers problems similar to shadow mapping: aliasing from poor sampling and map projection as well as temporal incoherency from frame‐to‐frame sampling variations. To reduce these problems, researchers have suggested methods ranging from caustic blurring to building a multiresolution caustic map. Yet these all require a fixed photon sampling, precluding the use of importance‐based photon densities. This paper introduces adaptive caustic maps. Instead of densely sampling photons via a rasterization pass, we adaptively emit photons using a deferred shading pass. We describe deferred rendering for refractive surfaces, which speeds rendering of refractive geometry up to 25% and with adaptive sampling speeds caustic rendering up to 200%. These benefits are particularly noticable for complex geometry or using millions of photons. While developed for a GPU rasterizer, adaptive caustic map creation can be performed by any renderer that individually traces photons, e.g., a GPU ray tracer.
A portfolio of lunar drawings (1992)

Harold Hill's lunar portfolio is a unique collection of drawings now published for the first time. Each illustration is supplemented with notes made at the time of observation. Astronomical drawing still has an important place alongside photography in the same way that photography has not supplanted the artist in the fields of botany and ornithology, for example. Indeed, since astronomical images tend to shimmer because of turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere, drawings constructed by an artist who takes advantage of the fleeting moments of perfect vision are often more detailed than photographs. No one can fail to be impressed by the beauty and artistry of this work and, to the initiated, the accuracy and attention to detail is remarkable. This is a book for astronomers, amateur and professional alike, and for those who would simply like to know more about the moon.
Fully indium-free flexible Ag nanowires/ZnO:F composite transparent conductive electrodes with high haze (2015)

Fully indium-free flexible Ag nanowires/ZnO:F composite transparent conductive electrodes with high haze can improve the perovskite solar cell efficiency.
Target-specific utilization of transcriptional regulatory surfaces by the glucocorticoid receptor (2003)

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activates or represses transcription depending on the sequence and architecture of the glucocorticoid response elements in target genes and the availability and activity of interacting cofactors. Numerous GR cofactors have been identified, but they alone are insufficient to dictate the specificity of GR action. Furthermore, the role of different functional surfaces on the receptor itself in regulating its targets is unclear, due in part to the paucity of known target genes. Using DNA microarrays and real-time quantitative PCR, we identified genes transcriptionally activated by GR, in a translation-independent manner, in two human cell lines. We then assessed in U2OS osteosarcoma cells the consequences of individually disrupting three GR domains, the N-terminal activation function (AF) 1, the C-terminal AF2, or the dimer interface, on activation of these genes. We found that GR targets differed in their requirements for AF1 or AF2, and that the dimer interface was dispensable for activation of some genes in each class. Thus, in a single cell type, different GR surfaces were used in a gene-specific manner. These findings have strong implications for the nature of gene response element signaling, the composition and structure of regulatory complexes, and the mechanisms of context-specific transcriptional regulation.
Rituximab Administration in Third Trimester of Pregnancy Suppresses Neonatal B-Cell Development (2008)

We describe the effect on the neonate of administration of rituximab to a woman with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, was given weekly for 4 weeks to a woman with ITP in her third trimester of pregnancy. One month after the last rituximab administration a healthy girl was born. She had normal growth and development during the first six months. At birth, B-lymphocytes were not detectable. Rituximab levels in mother and neonate were 24000 and 6700 ng/mL, respectively. Only 7 cases of rituximab administration during pregnancy were described. No adverse events are described for fetus and neonate. We demonstrate that rituximab passes the placenta and inhibits neonatal B-lymphocyte development. However, after 6 months B-lymphocyte levels normalized and vaccination titres after 10 months were adequate. No infection-related complications occurred. Rituximab administration during pregnancy appears to be safe for the child but further studies are warranted.
Real-time Visualization of Processive Myosin 5a-mediated Vesicle Movement in Living Astrocytes (2001)

Recycling endosomes in astrocytes show hormone-regulated, actin fiber-dependent delivery to the endosomal sorting pool. Recycling vesicle trafficking was followed in real time using a fusion protein composed of green fluorescent protein coupled to the 29-kDa subunit of the short-lived, membrane-bound enzyme type 2 deiodinase. Primary endosomes budded from the plasma membrane and oscillated near the cell periphery for 1-4 min. The addition of thyroid hormone triggered the processive, centripetal movement of the recycling vesicle in linear bursts at velocities of up to 200 nm/s. Vesicle migration was hormone-specific and blocked by inhibitors of actin polymerization and myosin ATPase. Domain mapping confirmed that the hormone-dependent vesicle-binding domain was located at the C terminus of the motor. In addition, the interruption of normal dimerization of native myosin 5a monomers inactivated vesicle transport, indicating that single-headed myosin 5a motors do not transport cargo in situ. This is the first demonstration of processive hormone-dependent myosin 5a movement in living cells.
The murine <i>H19</i> gene is activated during embryonic stem cell differentiation in vitro and at the time of implantation in the developing embryo (1991)

The differentiation in vitro of murine embryonic stem cells to embryoid bodies mimics events that occur in vivo shortly before and after embryonic implantation. We have used this system, together with differential cDNA cloning, to identify genes the expression of which is regulated during early embryogenesis. Here we describe the isolation of several such cDNA clones, one of which corresponds to the gene H19. This gene is activated in extraembryonic cell types at the time of implantation, suggesting that it may play a role at this stage of development, and is subsequently expressed in all of the cells of the mid-gestation embryo with the striking exception of most of those of the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. After birth, expression of this gene ceases or is dramatically reduced in all tissues.
Virtual sub-container multiplexing method for optical subscriber system (1990)

The path multiplexing architecture for optical subscriber systems that are constructed with synchronous transfer mode (STM) techniques is discussed. A novel concept, the virtual sub-container (VSC), is proposed to realize multiple network access. The VSC multiplexing method will make it possible to offer various services flexibly and inexpensively. Configuration of the digital service unit (DSU) based on VSC and the user network interface, and ideas for operation, administration, and maintenance are shown. The necessity of considering the introduction of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of energy reduction in sub-keV boron implantation on ultra-shallow junction formation (2003)

Ultra-shallow junctions under 50 nm are required at source/drain (S/D) region for deep sub-quarter micron devices. Reduction in implantation energy has been an effective way for realizing shallower junctions, due to the elimination of transient enhanced diffusion (TED). However, the effect of energy reduction in sub-keV boron implantation has not been clarified. An additional diffusion-enhanced mechanism has been previously reported in this energy region. In addition, low beam current will be the problem to apply sub-keV implantation to device manufacturing. Decel mode implantation has been developed for increases in beam current; however, the influence on device performance has not been evaluated. In this work, we investigate the effect of implantation energy reduction on sub-micron PMOS-FETs and the device effect of energy contamination when using decel mode implantation. In this work, B was implanted into S/D extension regions at 0.2-0.5 keV, 5/spl times/10/sup 14//cm/sup 2/ by drift mode. After deep-S/D implantation, samples were annealed at 950/spl deg/C for 10 sec. The junction depth was decreased from 31.2 nm down to 23 nm by reducing the B energy from 0.5 keV to 0.2 keV. This shows that the reduction of B energy is effective to realize shallower junction in sub-keV region. Threshold voltages (Vt) were measured for PMOS-FETs with gate length from 0.15 /spl mu/m to 1 /spl mu/m. The Lmin, which indicates the short channel effect, was improved 5% by the reduction of B energy from 0.5 keV to 0.2 keV. This shows that the energy reduction is also effective to decrease the B lateral diffusion at the short channel region. To investigate device effects of energy contamination at 0.5 keV implantation, B was implanted before the S/D extension implantation at 2-5 keV, 5/spl times/10/sup 12/-2.5/spl times/10/sup 13//cm/sup 2/ as a 1-5% contamination element. We found that acceptable energy contamination is under 3% for 2 keV for 0.15 /spl mu/m devices. And, 10% fluctuation of energy contamination at 2 keV 3% energy contamination is acceptable.