gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wet-Strength Development of Paper Modifi cation of cellulose fi bres by adsorption of a natural biopolymer (2006)

Wet strength is one of paper’s most important properties. It can be developed by addition of wet strength additives during the fabrication process. Hereby paper products that require high wet strength, such as kitchen towels and bank note paper, are achieved. This study aims to examine new polymers for future use as wet-strength additive in paper. One of them, a natural biopolymer, has in earlier studies proved to work well as wet strength additive. The objective was to find out in what extent this biopolymer could improve wet strength. A final evaluation was based on mechanical testing of sheets made from bleached Kraft fibres modified by the biopolymer. Wet-strength polymers are used to develop or conserve the mechanical strength of paper when wetted. Wet-strength agents are added in various paper products such as: hand towels, hygiene paper and packaging grades. According to the chemical composition of these agents they can act either as protective agents by preventing fibre swelling and protecting already existing bonds, or they form new and water resistant bonds through reinforcement mechanisms. The natural biopolymer has a structure that is very similar to the cellulose structure. This fact together with the reactive functions of the biopolymer probably makes it possible to adsorb it to cellulose fibres. Pre-treatments of fibres were done by adding 0.5 and 2% biopolymer to the paper pulp. The adsorption was evaluated by measuring the surface charge of pre-treated fibres. This most popular wet-strength today is PAE (poly(aminoamide)- epichlorohydrin)) but it has some drawbacks. PAE makes paper stiffer and decreases the absorption capacity which is useful in packaging products but not in tissue paper. Other drawbacks of PAE are its bad repulpability, degradability and toxic monomers.
Development of a facile droplet-based single-cell isolation platform for cultivation and genomic analysis in microorganisms (2017)

Wider application of single-cell analysis has been limited by the lack of an easy-to-use and low-cost strategy for single-cell isolation that can be directly coupled to single-cell sequencing and single-cell cultivation, especially for small-size microbes. Herein, a facile droplet microfluidic platform was developed to dispense individual microbial cells into conventional standard containers for downstream analysis. Functional parts for cell encapsulation, droplet inspection and sorting, as well as a chip-to-tube capillary interface were integrated on one single chip with simple architecture, and control of the droplet sorting was achieved by a low-cost solenoid microvalve. Using microalgal and yeast cells as models, single-cell isolation success rate of over 90% and single-cell cultivation success rate of 80% were demonstrated. We further showed that the individual cells isolated can be used in high-quality DNA and RNA analyses at both gene-specific and whole-genome levels (i.e. real-time quantitative PCR and genome sequencing). The simplicity and reliability of the method should improve accessibility of single-cell analysis and facilitate its wider application in microbiology researches.
Polygalacturonase Gene Expression in Ripe Melon Fruit Supports a Role for Polygalacturonase in Ripening-Associated Pectin Disassembly (1998)

Ripening-associated pectin disassembly in melon is characterized by a decrease in molecular mass and an increase in the solubilization of polyuronide, modifications that in other fruit have been attributed to the activity of polygalacturonase (PG). Although it has been reported that PG activity is absent during melon fruit ripening, a mechanism for PG-independent pectin disassembly has not been positively identified. Here we provide evidence that pectin disassembly in melon (Cucumis melo) may be PG mediated. Three melon cDNA clones with significant homology to other cloned PGs were isolated from the rapidly ripening cultivar Charentais (C. melo cv Reticulatus F1 Alpha) and were expressed at high levels during fruit ripening. The expression pattern correlated temporally with an increase in pectin-degrading activity and a decrease in the molecular mass of cell wall pectins, suggesting that these genes encode functional PGs. MPG1 and MPG2 were closely related to peach fruit and tomato abscission zone PGs, and MPG3 was closely related to tomato fruit PG. MPG1, the most abundant melon PG mRNA, was expressed in Aspergillus oryzae. The culture filtrate exponentially decreased the viscosity of a pectin solution and catalyzed the linear release of reducing groups, suggesting that MPG1 encodes an endo-PG with the potential to depolymerize melon fruit cell wall pectin. Because MPG1 belongs to a group of PGs divergent from the well-characterized tomato fruit PG, this supports the involvement of a second class of PGs in fruit ripening-associated pectin disassembly.
The haloed line effect for hidden line elimination. (1979)

The haloed line effect is a technique where when a line in three-dimensional space passes in front of another line, a gap is produced in the projection of the more distant line. The gap is produced as if an opaque halo surrounded the closer line. This method for approximate hidden-line-elimination is advantageous because explicit surface equations are not necessary. The relative depth of lines, axes, curves and lettering is easily perceived. This technique is especially suitable for the display of finite element grids, three-dimensional contour maps and ruled surfaces. When the lines or curves on a surface are closer than the gap size, the gaps produced close up to produce a complete hidden-line-elimination. A simple but efficient implementation is described which can be used in the rendering of a variety of three-dimensional situations.
Real-time Systems (2016)

This book is dedicated to Real-time Systems of broad applications, such as autonavigation (Kalman Filtering), real-time reconfiguration of distributed networks, real-time bilateral teleoperation control system over imperfect networks, and uniform interfaces for resource-sharing components in hierarchically scheduled real-time systems. In addition to that, wireless technology and its usage in implementing intelligent systems open a wide spectrum of real-time systems and offer great potential for improving people’s life: for example, wireless sensor networks used in subways, reduced energy consumption in public buildings, improved security through public surveillance, and high efficiency through industrial automation. Furthermore, electric utilities and multi-core CPU architecture, the driving force of modern life, are part of subjects benefited from the topics covered in this book.
Detection of serum interferon‐α by dissociation‐enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay (1997)

A sensitive dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay (DELFIA) was evaluated for ability to detect interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in serum of patients with acute infectious disease of less than one week's duration and a fever of > 38 degrees C. None of 36 patients with confirmed or probable bacterial disease was IFN-alpha positive. In contrast, 13/26 patients with viral infections had detectable levels of IFN-alpha in serum, all clearly positive (> or = 10 U/ml). The IFN-alpha positive serum samples were obtained early after onset of clinical disease, after a mean of 2.4 days. The IFN-alpha positive samples were obtained from 10 of the 12 patients with influenza or flu-like infection, and 3 of the 5 patients with varicella or herpes zoster. The IFN-alpha negative patients with viral disease (n = 9) included five patients with mononucleosis. The DELFIA should be useful in further studies of the value of IFN-alpha determinations in the identification of acute viral infections.
Kinetics of Alumina Removal from a Calcined Kaolin with Nitric, Sulphuric and Hydrochloric Acids (1970)

Abstract An investigation of the acid-leaching of a calcined kaolin was made to compare the reaction kinetics of hydrochloric, nitric, and sulphuric acids. The acid concentrations used were 5·9 and 8·6 normal. Reaction temperatures used were 95°, 80° and 60° C. Particular attention was given to finding a reaction equation which would mathematically represent the kinetic data. A nucleation rate equation of the general form, was found to represent these data. Values of m varied from 1·10 to 1·55 depending on the experimental conditions. Under the conditions employed the rate of alumina leaching is fastest with hydrochloric acid, slower with sulphuric acid, and slowest with nitric acid. The rate controlling steps are proposed from the experimental evidence.
3d video generation and service based on a TOF depth sensor in MPEG-4 multimedia framework (2010)

In this paper, we present a new method to generate and serve 3D video represented by video-plus-depth using a time-of-flight (TOF) depth sensor. In practice, depth images captured by the depth sensor have critical problems, such as optical noise, unmatched boundaries with their corresponding color images, and depth flickering artifacts in the temporal domain. In this work, we enhance the noisy depth images by performing a series of processing steps including joint bilateral filtering with inner-edge selection, outer-boundary refinement by a robust image matting method, and temporal consistency based on motion estimation. Thereafter, the generated high-quality video-plus-depth is combined with computer graphics models in the MPEG-4 multimedia framework. Finally, the immersive video content is streamed to consumers to enjoy 3D view. Experimental results show that our method can minimize the inherent problems of depth images significantly and serve 3D video successfully in the MPEG-4 multimedia framework.
Risk factors for spontaneous and provider‐initiated preterm delivery in high and low Human Development Index countries: a secondary analysis of the <scp>W</scp>orld <scp>H</scp>ealth <scp>O</scp>rganization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health (2014)

The provision of adequate obstetric care, including optimal timing for delivery in high-risk pregnancies, especially to the socially disadvantaged, could improve pregnancy outcomes. Avoiding preterm delivery in women when maternal complications, such as anaemia or hypertensive disorders, are present is important for countries at various stages of development, but may be more challenging to achieve.
Honey and pollen flora. (1985)

Introduction There are hundreds of species of plants that provide nectar or pollen, or both, in sufficient quantities and of suitable quality to benefit bees which are kept commercially and by amateur beekeepers in New South Wales and adjoining States. These plants have enabled the honey industry in this area to develop over the past one hundred years and, with migratory operations practised by apiarists, honey yields per hive are amongst the highest in the world. Native species, especially the eucalypts, normally make the major contribution, but there are times when certain introduced species provide very good honey crops. Introduced plants play a very important role in providing pollen supplies which are essential for the reproduction, development and longevity of bees.Individual species of plants have particular seasons for developing flower buds or bursting into blossom and different periods of flowering duration. Following a drought some eucalypts take several years to recover and flower normally, while certain other genera flower beneficially shortly after the drought has broken. Certain eucalypts flower more regularly than others, are more reliable, produce better quality nectar or pollen and are less influenced by weather, so it is important for the apiarist to have a working knowledge of the beneficial species.   Some plants occur over an extensive area while others may be restricted to specific geographic, climatic and soil zones. Certain species or groups of species are commonly found growing in association with one another, and these associations may be of value to apiarists.A knowledge of the honey and pollen flora within the commercial beekeeper's working range is of major importance to him. The ability to recognise specific plants, their flowering patterns and productivity is also of importance to the side-line producer, the beekeeper with hives for specific pollination roles, and the hobby enthusiast. Such knowledge is necessary for planning management programmes.This book describes the most important honey and pollen sources for bees in and around New South Wales. It provides information on the general appearance, botanical features, distribution, time of flowering and apicultural value. As rainfall and seasonal patterns influence plant growth and nectar and pollen production, climatic influences are discussed where they are important. Colour photographs of the plants described should assist in rapid and correct identification.A flowering chart and a distribution guide are included to help apiarists plan their operations. While unforeseen circumstances beyond one's control may affect the anticipated yield, informed decisions have much to contribute towards it.
Hypogonadism Caused by a Single Amino Acid Substitution in the β Subunit of Luteinizing Hormone (1992)

INFERTILITY occurs in approximately 10 to 20 percent of couples and can be attributed to a reproductive disorder in the man or woman with equal frequency.1 , 2 Among men, specific causes of infertility can be identified in only a minority.1 In a previously identified kindred in which several men were infertile, the proband had not undergone spontaneous puberty and had low testosterone and elevated luteinizing hormone concentrations in serum, a pattern of hormone values indicative of primary hypogonadism.3 However, testosterone secretion in response to the administration of exogenous luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin was normal. Thus, the proband appeared to . . .
Reactions of flavanoids and condensed tannins with sulphur nucleophiles (1974)

Reactions of benzenethiol and arenesulphinic acids with flavan-4-ols under acidic conditions are facilitated by 5-, 7-, and 4′-methoxy-groups, and 5,7-dimethoxyflavan-4β-ol (V) reacts quickly with benzenethiol in the absence of added acid. All products are 4α-thio-substituted flavans. 2,3-trans-Flavan-3,4-diols react less quickly than the corresponding 4-ols and the resulting 4-thio-substituted flavan-3-ols have mixed stereochemistry (3,4-cis-and trans-). Flavan-4-yl sulphones are less labile than 4-thioethers under acidic conditions but their lability is increased by a 7-methoxy-group; the products of the acid-catalysed exchange of thio-groups at C-4 have 4α-stereochemistry. Calluna vulgaris tannin reacts with benzenethiol in the absence of acid to give, after methylation, (+)-2,3-cis-3,4-trans-3′,4′,5,7-tetramethoxy-4-phenylthioflavan-3-ol (XXVI). On the other hand, Picea pungens tannin gives the same product with benzenethiol only in the presence of acid, and (–)-tetra-O-methylcatechin (XXVII) is produced as well.
Associations between tamoxifen, estrogens, and FSH serum levels during steady state tamoxifen treatment of postmenopausal women with breast cancer (2010)

Abstract Background The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes 2C19, 2D6, and 3A5 are responsible for converting the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), tamoxifen to its active metabolites 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4OHtam) and 4-hydroxy- N -demethyltamoxifen (4OHNDtam, endoxifen). Inter-individual variations of the activity of these enzymes due to polymorphisms may be predictors of outcome of breast cancer patients during tamoxifen treatment. Since tamoxifen and estrogens are both partly metabolized by these enzymes we hypothesize that a correlation between serum tamoxifen and estrogen levels exists, which in turn may interact with tamoxifen on treatment outcome. Here we examined relationships between the serum levels of tamoxifen, estrogens, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and also determined the genotypes of CYP2C19, 2D6, 3A5, and SULT1A1 in 90 postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Methods Tamoxifen and its metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Estrogen and FSH levels were determined using a sensitive radio- and chemiluminescent immunoassay, respectively. Results We observed significant correlations between the serum concentrations of tamoxifen, N -dedimethyltamoxifen, and tamoxifen- N -oxide and estrogens (p < 0.05). The genotype predicted CYP2C19 activity influenced the levels of both tamoxifen metabolites and E1. Conclusions We have shown an association between tamoxifen and its metabolites and estrogen serum levels. An impact of CYP2C19 predicted activity on tamoxifen, as well as estrogen kinetics may partly explain the observed association between tamoxifen and its metabolites and estrogen serum levels. Since the role of estrogen levels during tamoxifen therapy is still a matter of debate further prospective studies to examine the effect of tamoxifen and estrogen kinetics on treatment outcome are warranted.
Recovery of Protein by Continuous Foam Fractionation (1996)

Continuous foam fractionation has been examined as a method of protein separation. With Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a model protein, experimental studies were carried out in a 74.5 mm diameter, 650 mm long glass column. The effects of several operating factors on the separation performance, expressed in terms of protein enrichment and recovery, were investigated. These factors included air flow rate (0.13 - 2.00 1 min{-1}), feed flow rate (0.05 - 0.18 1 min{-1}), feed concentration (50 - 500 mg l{-1}) and pH (4.0 - 7.0). Enrichment decreased with increasing feed flow rate and increasing air flow rate for a feed concentration of 50 mg l{-1} at pH 7. Protein recovery decreased with increasing feed flow rate but increased with the air flow rate. Enrichment decreased sharply with the feed concentration for any combination of feed and air flow rates. At the isoelectric point (pH 4.8) of BSA, maximum recovery (94%) and minimum enrichment (6.9) were observed.
A survey of atomic and molecular models (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA survey of atomic and molecular modelsArnold J. Gordon Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 1, 30Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1970Published inissue 1 January 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ed047p30Request reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Endophytic fungi affect growth of perennial ryegrass (1985)

Abstract Clones of Lolium perenne L. ‘Grasslands Nui’ perennial ryegrass, either infected with or free from Acremonium loliae Latch, Christensen & Samuels, and clones of ‘Grasslands Ruanui’ perennial ryegrass, either infected with or free from a Gliocladium ‐like endophyte, were grown at 20°C for 8 weeks in a controlled‐environment room. Nui plants infected with A. loliae yielded 38% more total dry matter than uninfected plants. Infected plants showed significant increases in total leaf area, tiller numbers, and growth of leaves, pseudo stems, and roots, but the shoot: root ratio was unaffected. Infection of Ruanui with the Gliocladium ‐like sp. had no significant effect on yield even though total leaf area was reduced by 19%. The benefits in yield and protection from damage by Argentine stem weevil from A. loliae ‐infected ryegrasses are discussed in relation to the known risk of ill‐health in animals grazing infected pastures.
Effects of Inorganic and Organic Salts on Aggregation Behavior of Cationic Gemini Surfactants (2010)

All salts studied effectively reduce critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of the cationic gemini surfactants. The ability to promote the surfactant aggregation decreases in the order of C(6)H(5)COONa > p-C(6)H(4)(COONa)(2) > Na(2)SO(4)> NaCl. Moreover, only C(6)H(5)COONa distinctly reduces both the CMC values and the surface tension at CMC. For 12-4-12 solution, the penetration of C(6)H(5)COO(-) anions and charge neutralization induce a morphology change from micelles to vesicles, whereas the other salts only slightly increase the sizes of micelles. The 12-4(OH)(2)-12 solution changes from the micelle/vesicle coexistence to vesicles with the addition of C(6)H(5)COONa, whereas the other salts transfer the 12-4(OH)(2)-12 solution from the micelle/vesicle coexistence to micelles. As compared with 12-4-12, the two hydroxyls in the spacer of 12-4(OH)(2)-12 promote the micellization of 12-4(OH)(2)-12 and reduce the amounts of C(6)H(5)COONa required to induce the micelle-to-vesicle transition.
<i>In Vivo</i> Evaluation of Site-Specifically PEGylated Chemically Self-Assembled Protein Nanostructures (2016)

Chemically self-assembled nanorings (CSANs) are made of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) fusion proteins and have been successfully used in vitro for cellular cargo delivery and cell surface engineering applications. However, CSANs have yet to be evaluated for their in vivo stability, circulation, and tissue distribution. In an effort to evaluate CSANs in vivo, we engineered a site-specifically PEGylated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting DHFR molecules, characterized their self-assembly into CSANs with bivalent methotrexates (bis-MTX), visualized their in vivo tissue localization by microPET/CT imaging, and determined their ex vivo organ biodistribution by tissue-based gamma counting. A dimeric DHFR (DHFR(2)) molecule fused with a C-terminal EGFR targeting peptide (LARLLT) was engineered to incorporate a site-specific ketone functionality using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis. Aminooxy-PEG, of differing chain lengths, was successfully conjugated to the protein using oxime chemistry. These proteins were self-assembled into CSANs with bis-MTX DHFR dimerizers and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering. In vitro binding studies were performed with fluorescent CSANs assembled using bis-MTX-FITC, while in vivo microPET/CT imaging was performed with radiolabeled CSANs assembled using bis-MTX-DOTA[(64)Cu]. PEGylation reduced the uptake of anti-EGFR CSANs by mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) up to 40% without altering the CSAN's binding affinity toward U-87 MG glioblastoma cells in vitro. A significant time dependent tumor accumulation of (64)Cu labeled anti-EGFR-CSANs was observed by microPET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies in mice bearing U-87 MG xenografts. PEGylated CSANs demonstrated a reduced uptake by the liver, kidneys, and spleen resulting in high contrast tumor imaging within an hour of intravenous injection (9.6% ID/g), and continued to increase up to 24 h (11.7% ID/g) while the background signal diminished. CSANs displayed an in vivo profile between those of rapidly clearing small molecules and slow clearing antibodies. Thus, CSANs offer a modular, programmable, and stable protein based platform that can be used for in vivo drug delivery and imaging applications.