gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow Analysis during Soot Trapping on Aluminum Titanate Ceramics Filter with Hexagonal Cell Geometry (2015)

The phenomena of soot trapping and oxidation in a hexagonal cell geometry DPF made of aluminum titanium oxide were investigated through microscopic visualization experiment and a simple analysis based on Darcy’s law through the wall and the deposited soot layer. There were two types of flow: one was a flow through a wall between inlet and outlet channels (inlet/outlet wall flow), and the other was a flow which was introduced into a wall between inlet and inlet channels, and was turned toward the direction parallel to the wall, and finally exited into the outlet channel (bypass flow). The flow rate of the bypass flow was increased with a thickness of soot layer deposited on the inlet/outlet wall. As a result, the soot was trapped even on the inlet/inlet wall surface. In the regeneration process, depending on the flow rate of the bypass flow, the maximum temperature for the hexagonal cell DPF became lower compared with that for the conventional DPF.
Multicentric, Randomized, Controlled Trial to Evaluate Blood Glucose Control by the Model Predictive Control Algorithm Versus Routine Glucose Management Protocols in Intensive Care Unit Patients (2006)

The data suggest that the MPC algorithm is safe and effective in controlling glycemia in critically ill postsurgery patients.
A note on the dynamic and static displacements from a point source in multilayered media (2002)

A simple and unified approach is presented to solve both the elasto-dynamic and elasto-static problems of point sources in a multi-layered half-space by using the Thompson-Haskell propagator matrix technique. It is shown that the apparent incompatibility between the two is associated with the degeneracy of the dynamic problem when ω = 0 and both can be handled uniformly using the Jordan canonical forms of matrices. We re-derive the propagator matrices for both the dynamic and static cases. We then show that the dynamic propagator matrix and the solution converge to their static counterparts as ω → 0. Satisfactory static deformation can be obtained numerically using the dynamic solution at near-zero frequency.
Antologia. Firdusiana con un compendio di grammatica Persiana e un vocabolario del Dott. Prof. Italo Pizzi (1893)

Article Antologia. Firdusiana con un compendio di grammatica Persiana e un vocabolario del Dott. Prof. Italo Pizzi was published on January 1, 1893 in the journal Indogermanische Forschungen (volume 2, issue s1).
Comparisons between PZT and PVDF thick films technologies in the design of low-cost pyroelectric sensors (2004)

This paper compares the characteristics of two types of four quadrant pyroelectric sensors, made with screen-printed PZT and PVDF thick films, respectively, which we used for low-cost contactless position determination and laser beam positioning. For the comparison we used their responsivities, measured with a CO2 laser, and their respective noise figures. For sensors designing we simulated the PZT sensor responsivity using an equivalent thermo-electric model already demonstrated for multilayer PVDF sensors. The barely known model parameters of the PZT and electrodes layers were deduced from the best fit of the temporal voltage response to two square wave periodic signals. The peak current responsivity, the bandwidth and the NEP of the various samples indicate PZT most suited for low-noise and PVDF for high frequency and large bandwidth IR laser beam applications, respectively.
Isoleukotrienes Are Biologically Active Free Radical Products of Lipid Peroxidation (1995)

The free radical oxidation of arachidonic acid esterified to glycerophospholipids is known to generate complex metabolites, termed isoprostanes, that share structural features of prostaglandins derived from prostaglandin H2 synthase. Furthermore, certain isoprostanes have been found to exert biological activity through endogenous receptors on cell surfaces. Using mass spectrometry and ancillary techniques, the free radical oxidation of 1-hexadecanoyl-2-arachidonoyl-glycerophosphocholine was studied in the search for products of arachidonic acid isomeric to the leukotrienes that are derived from 5-lipoxygenase-catalyzed metabolism of arachidonic acid. Several conjugated triene metabolites were chromatographically separated from known 5-lipoxygenase products and structures characterized as 5,12-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid esterified to the glycerophosphocholine backbone. We have termed these products as B4-isoleukotrienes. Following saponification some, but not all, B4-isoleukotrienes were found to exert biological activity in elevating intracellular calcium in Indo-1-loaded human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This activity could be blocked by a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist. An EC50 of approximately 30 nM was determined for one unique B4-isoleukotriene with a relative retention index of 2.54. We have shown that free radical processes can lead to the formation of biologically active isoleukotrienes in glycerophosphocholine liposomes, and we propose that B4-isoleukotrienes may also be formed in membrane glycerophospholipids as a result of lipid peroxidation during tissue injury. Such B4-isoleukotrienes could then mediate events of tissue damage through activation of leukotriene B4 receptors on target cells.
Investigation of Phase Change Material as a Potential Replacement of EGR Cooler (2015)

Phase Change Materials (PCM) are used widely in passive heat storage system due to their high heat retention capacities. In the present work an attempt is made to use the PCM as an effective replacement to conventional EGR cooler. The prime advantages of using PCM as an alternative to the traditionally used EGR coolers are that, the pumping operation will no longer be a continuous process hence the power consumed by pumps would drastically reduce, so does the load on the engine and secondly there would be significant reduction in the weight of the system which would ultimately boost the fuel economy of the vehicle. The PCM candidate chosen for study is a Salt blend (59%KF+29%LiF+12%NaF). The chosen specimen's thermal performance is computed based on the duration for which the refrigerant pump remains idle. Using numerical simulation the melting period of PCM(Salt Blend) is computed and the simulation is verified by already established numerical and experimental results for a different material, Rubitherm (RT-42).
Stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine receptor 4 axis in injury repair and renal transplantation (2019)

Stem cell therapy has shown promise in treating a variety of pathologies, such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and organ transplantation. The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) axis plays a key role in stem cell mobilization. This review describes the important role of SDF-1 in tissue injury and how it works in tissue revascularization and regeneration via CXCR4. Furthermore, factors influencing the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and its clinical potential in ischaemia reperfusion injury, such as renal transplantation, are discussed. Exploring signalling pathways of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis will contribute to the development of stem cell therapy so that more clinical problems can be solved. Controlling directional homing of stem cells through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is key to improving the efficacy of stem cell therapy for tissue injury. CXCR4 antagonists may also be effective in increasing circulating levels of adult stem cells, thereby exerting beneficial effects on damaged or inflamed tissues in diseases that are currently not treated by standard approaches.
Parameter Estimation Using Maximum Likelihood Method From Flight Data At High Angles Of Attack (2011)

The paper presents the modeling of nonlinear longitudinal aerodynamics using flight data of Hansa-3 aircraft at high angles of attack near stall. The Kirchhoff-s quasi-steady stall model has been used to incorporate nonlinear aerodynamic effects in the aerodynamic model used to estimate the parameters, thereby, making the aerodynamic model nonlinear. The Maximum Likelihood method has been applied to the flight data (at high angles of attack) for the estimation of parameters (aerodynamic and stall characteristics) using the nonlinear aerodynamic model. To improve the accuracy level of the estimates, an approach of fixing the strong parameters has also been presented.
Tunable solid-state lasers (1992)

Reviews the basic physics of tunable solid-state lasers and discusses the characteristics of the most significant established and emerging systems. Particular emphasis is placed on trivalent transition metals; alexandrite, other Cr-doped systems, and Ti: sapphire are also discussed. Other systems, rare earth and forsterite, are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dielectric properties of heavily doped crystalline and amorphous silicon from 1.5 to 6.0 eV (1984)

Extremely uniform, microscopically smooth, large-grained polycrystalline Si films saturation doped with phosphorous to a carrier concentration $n=3.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ were prepared by a combination of low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposition and heat-treating processes to obtain samples suitable for measuring the small effects of large impurity concentrations on the above-band-gap dielectric properties of Si. From 1.5 to 2.5 eV, the effects of heavy doping are described by the Drude free-carrier model with lifetimes determined by scattering from lattice vibrations. Above 3 eV, the dielectric function spectrum of heavily doped Si is remarkably similar to that of undoped material except that the ${E}_{1}$ and ${E}_{2}$ structures are broadened and shifted to lower energies. The impurity-induced broadening is much larger for ${E}_{1}$ than for ${E}_{2}$, indicating that a metastable excitonic resonance is well developed for the former but not for the latter. Present and previous data of the authors, together with previous data of Vi\~na and Cardona, are consistent with an approximately linear shift of the threshold energy with impurity concentration. This indicates that the dominant mechanism responsible for the shifts is the effect of the random impurities on the crystal potential. While the possibility of electron-electron and electron-ion interactions on the electron and hole self-energies cannot be ruled out, comparison with recent calculations of Berggren and Sernelius show that these effects must be much smaller at higher interband transitions than at the fundamental indirect band gap. Using our data as a reference, we show that the anomalous absorption observed by Jellison and co-workers for As-implanted and laser-annealed $c\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}$ is due to microscopically rough surface layers on their samples. Consequently, the differences that they observe between P and As dopants must involve differences in recrystallization and regrowth. Dielectric-function spectra for amorphous Si films doped in situ with phosphorus are essentially identical within microstructural effects to those of undoped material, indicating no significant influence from heavy doping. At energies below 3.2 eV, the data expressed as ${(\ensuremath{\alpha}nE)}^{\frac{1}{3}}$ or as ${({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ both vary nearly linearly with energy, suggesting nondirect transitions between simple parabolic bands with momentum matrix elements linearly proportional to $E$ or with dipole elements independent of $E$.
Genetic Evaluation of Physiological Functions of Thiolase Isozymes in the <i>n</i> -Alkane-Assimilating Yeast <i>Candida tropicalis</i> (1998)

The n-alkane-assimilating diploid yeast Candida tropicalis possesses three thiolase isozymes encoded by two pairs of alleles: cytosolic and peroxisomal acetoacetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thiolases, encoded by CT-T1A and CT-T1B, and peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, encoded by CT-T3A and CT-T3B. The physiological functions of these thiolases have been examined by gene disruption. The homozygous ct-t1a delta/t1bdelta null mutation abolished the activity of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase and resulted in mevalonate auxotrophy. The homozygous ct-t3a delta/t3b delta null mutation abolished the activity of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase and resulted in growth deficiency on n-alkanes (C10 to C13). All thiolase activities in this yeast disappeared with the ct-t1a delta/t1bdelta and ct-t3a delta/t3bdelta null mutations. To further clarify the function of peroxisomal acetoacetyl-CoA thiolases, the site-directed mutation leading acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase without a putative C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal was introduced on the CT-T1A locus in the ct-t1bdelta null mutant. The truncated acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase was solely present in cytoplasm, and the absence of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase in peroxisomes had no effect on growth on all carbon sources employed. Growth on butyrate was not affected by a lack of peroxisomal acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, while a retardation of growth by a lack of peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase was observed. A defect of both peroxisomal isozymes completely inhibited growth on butyrate. These results demonstrated that cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase was indispensable for the mevalonate pathway and that both peroxisomal acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase could participate in peroxisomal beta-oxidation. In addition to its essential contribution to the beta-oxidation of longer-chain fatty acids, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase contributed greatly even to the beta-oxidation of a C4 substrate butyrate.
Decomposition of Allyl Isothiocyanate in Aqueous Solution (1969)

Allyl isothiocyanate was gradually decomposed in aqueous solution to produce a garlic like odor. The decomposition of this isothiocyanate was not based on hydrolysis of R-NCS as in the case of p-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate, but the addition reaction on –N=C=S. Four substances formed with the decomposition of the isothiocyanate were isolated, and their chemical constitutions were clarified. Allyl isothiocyanate was decomposed to allyl allyldithiocarbamate (III), which was degradated to diallyl tetra- and penta-sulfide (II), and this poly-sulfide was further degradated to paraffin like hydrocarbon (I) and sulfur. Moreover, N,N′-diallylthiourea (IV) was produced by the addition reaction of allylamine, formed from the isothiocyanate by action of water, to residual isothiocyanate.
γ-Band deficiency and abnormal thalamocortical activity in P/Q-type channel mutant mice (2007)

Thalamocortical in vivo and in vitro function was studied in mice lacking P/Q-type calcium channels (Cav2.1), in which N-type calcium channels (Cav2.2) supported central synaptic transmission. Unexpectedly, in vitro patch recordings from thalamic neurons demonstrated no gamma-band subthreshold oscillation, and voltage-sensitive dye imaging demonstrated an absence of cortical gamma-band-dependent columnar activation involving cortical inhibitory interneuron activity. In vivo electroencephalogram recordings showed persistent absence status and a dramatic reduction of gamma-band activity. Pharmacological block of T-type calcium channels (Cav3), although not noticeably affecting normal control animals, left the knockout mice in a coma-like state. Hence, although N-type calcium channels can rescue P/Q-dependent synaptic transmission, P/Q calcium channels are essential in the generation of gamma-band activity and resultant cognitive function.
pH-Responsive Lyotropic Liquid Crystals for Controlled Drug Delivery (2011)

We present a food-grade lyotropic liquid crystal system, capable of responding to pH variations with a reversible switch in both the structure and physical properties. The system, which is composed by monolinolein and linoleic acid (97:3 wt % ratio) in the presence of excess water at 37 °C and 150 mM ionic strength, is specifically designed to reversibly change from a Im3m reverse bicontinuous cubic phase to a H(II) reverse columnar hexagonal phase, when changing the pH from neutral (pH 7) to acidic (pH 2) conditions, to simulate intestine and stomach conditions, respectively. The pH responsiveness is provided by the linoleic acid, which, being a weak acid (pK(a) ≈ 5), is essentially in the deprotonated charged state at pH 7 and mainly protonated and neutral at pH 2, imposing changes in the critical packing parameter (CPP) of the lyotropic liquid crystal. The use of this system as an efficient controlled-release delivery vehicle is demonstrated on the model hydrophilic drug phloroglucinol, by both release and diffusion studies at different pH, as followed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The Im3m cubic phase at pH 7 is shown to release 4 times faster than the H(II) phase at pH 2, making this system an ideal candidate for oral administration of drugs for targeted delivery in intestine or colon tracts.
Development and Operational Testing of a Super‐Ensemble Artificial Intelligence Flood‐Forecast Model for a Pacific Northwest River (2014)

Abstract Coastal catchments in British Columbia, Canada, experience a complex mixture of rainfall‐ and snowmelt‐driven contributions to flood events. Few operational flood‐forecast models are available in the region. Here, we integrated a number of proven technologies in a novel way to produce a super‐ensemble forecast system for the Englishman River, a flood‐prone stream on Vancouver Island. This three‐day‐ahead modeling system utilizes up to 42 numerical weather prediction model outputs from the North American Ensemble Forecast System, combined with six artificial neural network‐based streamflow models representing various slightly different system conceptualizations, all of which were trained exclusively on historical high‐flow data. As such, the system combines relatively low model development times and costs with the generation of fully probabilistic forecasts reflecting uncertainty in the simulation of both atmospheric and terrestrial hydrologic dynamics. Results from operational testing by British Columbia's flood forecasting agency during the 2013‐2014 storm season suggest that the prediction system is operationally useful and robust.
IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DENTAL CARIES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE (1975)

Journal Article IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DENTAL CARIES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE Get access THOMAS LEHNER, M.D. B.D.S. F.D.S.R.C.S. M.R.C.Path THOMAS LEHNER, M.D. B.D.S. F.D.S.R.C.S. M.R.C.Path Department of Oral Immunology and Microbiology Guy's Hospital Medical and Dental SchoolsLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 31, Issue 2, May 1975, Pages 125–130, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071265 Published: 01 May 1975
Development of Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures after Kainate-Induced Status Epilepticus (2009)

Acquired epilepsy (i.e., after an insult to the brain) is often considered to be a progressive disorder, and the nature of this hypothetical progression remains controversial. Antiepileptic drug treatment necessarily confounds analyses of progressive changes in human patients with acquired epilepsy. Here, we describe experiments testing the hypothesis that development of acquired epilepsy begins as a continuous process of increased seizure frequency (i.e., proportional to probability of a spontaneous seizure) that ultimately plateaus. Using nearly continuous surface cortical and bilateral hippocampal recordings with radiotelemetry and semiautomated seizure detection, the frequency of electrographically recorded seizures (both convulsive and nonconvulsive) was analyzed quantitatively for approximately 100 d after kainate-induced status epilepticus in adult rats. The frequency of spontaneous recurrent seizures was not a step function of time (as implied by the "latent period"); rather, seizure frequency increased as a sigmoid function of time. The distribution of interseizure intervals was nonrandom, suggesting that seizure clusters (i.e., short interseizure intervals) obscured the early stages of progression, and may have contributed to the increase in seizure frequency. These data suggest that (1) the latent period is the first of many long interseizure intervals and a poor measure of the time frame of epileptogenesis, (2) epileptogenesis is a continuous process that extends much beyond the first spontaneous recurrent seizure, (3) uneven seizure clustering contributes to the variability in occurrence of epileptic seizures, and (4) the window for antiepileptogenic therapies aimed at suppressing acquired epilepsy probably extends well past the first clinical seizure.
A new model of step recovery diode for CAD (2002)

A new step recovery diode (SRD) model for CAD is developed by considering the voltage ramp in the SRD and using a DC measurement to extract a model parameter. This model can be directly used in commercial circuit simulators for designs of SRD circuits. Examples of using this model to analyse a comb generator and a frequency multiplier are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A strategy for constructing and verifying short hairpin RNA expression vectors. (2007)

The application of RNA interference (RNAi) to study gene function is now commonplace in a variety of biological systems. Producing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) by DNA vectors is one popular strategy for RNAi applications. Here, we describe a one-step PCR method, termed reverse PCR, for constructing shRNA expression vectors. Characteristically, the pair of primers binds to circular plasmid in a back-to-back manner. The anchored primers provide the templates of shRNA sense strand and antisense strand locating to the two separate ends of PCR segment, which will benefit the PCR amplification and subsequent cloning by avoiding premature formation of a hairpin configuration. Finally, the establishment of a circular vector is achieved by self-ligation of the single PCR product. In addition, our results indicated that the hairpin loop including a single restriction site is resistant to digestion, while inclusion of twin restriction sites in the loop leads to activity, creating an optimal strategy for verifying sequences of shRNA template.
Polycarbonylverbindungen, 19. Mitt. Synthese und Solvolysereaktionen tosylsubstituierter Quadratsäurebisamidine (1977)

Abstract Tosylsubstituierte Quadratsäure‐bisamidine werden aus QS‐1,2‐und 1,3‐bisamiden 5, 6 bzw. deren Schwefelanaloga 9, 10 durch Reaktion mit überschüssigem p‐Tosylisocyanat ( 4 ) dargestellt und ihre Hydrolyse, Sulfhydrolyse und Aminolyse beschrieben.
Management of Alarming Hemangiomas in Infancy: A Review of 25 Cases (1990)

During the past 10 years, 25 infants with alarming hemangiomas--lesions that impaired important functions and were life threatening, especially when there was visceral involvement--have been treated. A vascular mark was present at birth in 68% of these infants. Visceral hemangiomas were associated with bulky cervicocephalic hemangiomas or with small hemangiomas scattered over the body. Among the 25 infants, 12 had laryngeal hemangiomas, 3 had hepatic hemangiomas, and 1 had gastrointestinal hemangiomatosis. Ocular sequelae, malocclusion, and cutaneous distortion were the most important functional problems. Corticosteroid treatment was used for 23 of 25 infants with alarming hemangiomas. There was a varied treatment response: total failure (30% of the patients); excellent, dramatic, rapid improvement (30% of the patients); and moderate, doubtful response, with the natural course of the disease remaining unaltered (40% of the infants). Arterial embolization, used in 6 infants, gave inconstant results. Cardiac failure, frequently associated with large cutaneous hemangiomas and always seen with hepatic multinodular hemangiomas, required digitalization. In some cases arterial embolization reduced the increased cardiac output. Liver hemangiomas had a high mortality; all 3 infants with hepatic involvement died.