gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuel-efficient and safe heavy-duty vehicle platooning through look-ahead control (2015)

The operation of groups of heavy-duty vehicles at small inter-vehicular distances, known as platoons, lowers the overall aerodynamic drag and, therefore, reduces fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Experimental tests conducted on a flat road and without traffic have shown that platooning has the potential to reduce the fuel consumption up to 10%. However, platoons are expected to drive on public highways with varying topography and traffic. Due to the large mass and limited engine power of heavy-duty vehicles, road slopes can have a significant impact on feasible and optimal speed profiles. Therefore, maintaining a short inter-vehicular distance without coordination can result in inefficient or even infeasible speed trajectories. Furthermore, external traffic can interfere by affecting fuel-efficiency and threatening the safety of the platooning vehicles. This thesis addresses the problem of safe and fuel-efficient control for heavy-duty vehicle platooning. We propose a hierarchical control architecture that splits this complex control problem into two layers. The layers are responsible for the fuel-optimal control based on look-ahead information on road topography and the real-time vehicle control, respectively. The top layer, denoted the platoon coordinator, relies on a dynamic programming framework that computes the fuel-optimal speed profile for the entire platoon. The bottom layer, denoted the vehicle control layer, uses a distributed model predictive controller to track the optimal speed profile and the desired inter-vehicular spacing policy. Within this layer, constraints on the vehicles' states guarantee the safety of the platoon. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is analyzed by means of simulations of several realistic scenarios. They suggest a possible fuel saving of up to 12% for the follower vehicles compared to the use of existing platoon controllers. Analysis of the simulation results shows how the majority of the fuel saving comes from a reduced usage of vehicles brakes. A second problem addressed in the thesis is model predictive control for obstacle avoidance and lane keeping for a passenger car. We propose a control framework that allows to control the nonlinear vehicle dynamics with linear model predictive control. The controller decouples the longitudinal and lateral vehicle dynamics into two successive stages. First, plausible braking and throttle profiles are generated. Second, for each profile, linear time-varying models of the lateral dynamics are derived and used to formulate a collection of linear model predictive control problems. Their solution provides the optimal control input for the steering and braking actuators. The performance of the proposed controller has been evaluated by means of simulations and real experiments.
Easily Accessible <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>‐Symmetric Chiral Bicyclo[3.3.0] Dienes as Ligands for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition (2008)

The synthesis of a new type of C(2)-symmetric chiral diene ligands with a nonbridged bicyclic [3.3.0] backbone was successfully introduced. Using highly efficient lipase-catalyzed transesterification and Suzuki-coupling strategies, a broad family of enantiopure 3,6-disubstituted bicyclo[3.3.0] dienes with different electronic and steric properties could be easily prepared. The application of these new diene ligands in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds have been examined, and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee) as well as good yields are achieved under very mild reaction conditions at room temperature.
Lens model selection for a markerless AR tracking system (2005)

This work describes a visual markerless real-time tracking system for augmented reality applications. The system uses a firewire camera with a fisheye lens mounted at 10 fps. Visual tracking of 3D scene points is performed simultaneously with 3D camera pose estimation without any prior scene knowledge. All visual-geometric data is acquired using a structure-from-motion approach. The lens selection was driven by research results that show the superiority of a fisheye lens to a standard perspective lens for this approach. 2D features in the hemispherical image are tracked using a 2D point tracker. Based on the feature tracks, 3D camera ego-motion and 3D features are estimated.
Reaction of Some Furan Derivatives with Formaldehyde and Amine Hydrochlorides (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Some Furan Derivatives with Formaldehyde and Amine HydrochloridesR. F. HoldrenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 2, 464–465Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01194a506https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01194a506research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new vector frequency modulation method for power conversion circuits (2010)

Abstract This paper presents an effective PWM method for power conversion circuits. The proposed method is called Vector Frequency Modulation (VFM) in this paper. VFM is different from conventional PWM methods. Although VFM is based on the concept of the space voltage vector, all necessary calculations of the periods of the voltage vectors can be performed without using traditional equations. The voltage vectors are classified into two groups, zero vectors and nonzero vectors. Instead of the complicated equations, a very simple algorithm is employed in VFM. One vector period is fixed and the zero vectors are distributed among the nonzero vectors in the ratio determined by the command voltage or frequency. The action of VFM is performed in software, and no modulation‐wave oscillators, comparators, and up‐down counters are needed. First, a reversible chopper is modulated by VFM and a 2‐kW DC motor is driven by the chopper. The motor speed is regulated by modern control theory. Next, a three‐phase inverter is modulated by VFM and a 2.2‐kW induction motor is driven by the inverter. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that VFM is useful for power conversion circuits. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(1): 59–68, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20982
AMPK activators inhibit the proliferation of human melanomas bearing the activated MAPK pathway (2012)

Raf/MEK/ERK signaling can inhibit the liver kinase B1-AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1-AMPK) pathway, thus rendering melanoma cells resistant to energy stress conditions. We evaluated whether pharmacological reactivation of the AMPK function could exert antitumor effects on melanoma cells bearing this pathway constitutively active because of a mutation in NRAS or BRAF genes. Nine melanoma cell lines were treated with the AMPK activators 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) and phenformin. The activation of AMPK enzymatic activity, phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase, in-vitro proliferation, cell cycle, and in-vivo growth of xenografts in nude mice were evaluated. AICAR and phenformin promoted phosphorylation and enzymatic activity of AMPK, as well as phosphorylation of the AMPK downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Drug treatment of either BRAF-mutant or NRAS-mutant melanomas, at doses not inducing cell death, was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in melanoma cell proliferation because of cell cycle arrest in either the G0/G1 or the S phase, associated with an increased expression of the p21 cell cycle inhibitor. Melanomas isolated from subcutaneously implanted mice, 25 days from treatment with AICAR, showed increased staining of the senescence-associated marker β-galactosidase, high p21 expression, and evidence of necrosis. Altogether, these results indicate that pharmacological activators of AMPK-dependent pathways inhibit the cell growth of melanoma cells with active Raf/MEK/ERK signaling and provide a rationale for further investigation on their use in combination therapies.
Clinical Characteristics of Intravenous PEG-Asparaginase Hypersensitivity Reactions in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2017)

Nurses should carefully observe patients throughout the infusion and anticipate adverse reactions, particularly during the first 3 doses and first 10 minutes of each infusion. Patient and family education should include the rare risk of delayed reactions.
Hierarchical organization in the hemostatic response and its relationship to the platelet-signaling network (2013)

Achieving hemostasis following vascular injury requires the rapid accumulation of platelets and fibrin. Here we used a combination of confocal intravital imaging, genetically engineered mice, and antiplatelet agents to determine how variations in the extent of platelet activation following vascular injury arise from the integration of different elements of the platelet-signaling network. Two forms of penetrating injury were used to evoke the hemostatic response. Both produced a hierarchically organized structure in which a core of fully activated platelets was overlaid with an unstable shell of less-activated platelets. This structure emerged as hemostasis was achieved and persisted for at least 60 minutes following injury, its organization at least partly reflecting agonist concentration gradients. Thrombin activity and fibrin formation were found primarily in the innermost core. As proposed previously, greater packing density in the core facilitated contact-dependent signaling and limited entry of plasma-borne molecules visualized with fluorophores coupled to dextran and albumin. Blocking contact-dependent signaling or inhibiting thrombin reduced the size of the core, while the shell was heavily influenced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate and regulators of Gi2-mediated signaling. Thus, the hemostatic response is shown to produce a hierarchical structure arising, in part, from distinct elements of the platelet-signaling network.
Study on PVA hydrogel crosslinked by epichlorohydrin (1992)

Abstract Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel was prepared by using epichlorohydrin as a crosslinking agent. The molecular weight between crosslinks was calculated. The swelling behavior, as well as mechanical properties, of the hydrogels were examined by weighing and tensile testing, respectively. Values of equilibrium water content of more than 95% were reached while Young's modulus and tensile strength of the hydrogels were about 10 5 dyn/cm 2 . Crystallization was introduced by drying the hydrogels at 90°C. The dried hydrogel samples were used for swelling kinetic study, then reequilibrated with water and subjected again to tensile testing. Due to the formation of microcrystalline domains in the PVA hydrogel network after annealing, hydrogels with greatly enhanced Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break were obtained and their equilibrium water content values remained still high, i.e., 87 and 93%. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemomechanical polishing of silicon: Surface termination and mechanism of removal (1994)

Infrared spectroscopy of Si(111) samples immediately after chemomechanical planarization with silica slurry (‘‘siton polishing’’) shows that the surfaces are predominantly terminated by hydrogen. This hydrogen termination is responsible for the observed strong hydrophobicity peak at a slurry pH of 11, at which point a monohydride termination prevails. At higher or lower pH, silanol groups replace some of the hydrogen species causing an increase in surface hydrophilicity. A removal mechanism is proposed which involves the interplay of oxidation by OH− and subsequent termination by H.
Improving LTE/EPC signaling for sporadic data with a control-plane based transmission procedure (2011)

International audience
LDPC-based space-time coded OFDM systems performances over correlated fading channels (2004)

In this paper, we consider a space-time coded (STC) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system with multiple transmitter and receiver antennas over correlated frequency- and time-selective fading channels. We propose a maximum-likelihood (ML) receiver for STBC-OFDM systems based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. We then propose a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-code-based STC-OFDM system to interface with the EM module. Using this encoder scheme together with the EM-based receiver, we built a novel turbo receiver which is particularly well suited for fast-time varying channels with a modest computational complexity.
Desulfurization and carbonylation of mercaptans (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesulfurization and carbonylation of mercaptansSang Chul Shim and Howard AlperCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1, 147–149Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00201a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00201a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flash-based programmable nonlinear capacitor for switched-capacitor implementations of neural networks (2002)

The use of flash devices for both analog storage and analog computation can result in highly efficient switched-capacitor implementations of neural networks. The standard flash device suffers from severe limitations in this application due to relatively large parasitic overlap capacitances. This paper introduces the computational concept, circuit and architecture we are exploring as well as a novel flash-based programmable nonlinear capacitor with much improved charge domain characteristics for our application. These devices are demonstrated in a novel circuit consisting of only two devices and capable of computing a 5-bit absolute-value-of-difference at an energy consumption of less than 1 pJ.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
TEM Observation of Microstructure in Sputtered Co-Cr Film (1985)

TEM observation of the microstructure in a sputtered Co-18.1 at%Cr film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy was conducted. The TEM thin foil samples were prepared by dipping them in hydrazine monohydrate solution and milling them with ion beams. It was found that the microstructure of each crystallite showed bright stripe-like features in fairly regular directional patterns, which seemed to reflect compositional inhomogeneity.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity in Vitro of New Derivatives of 3-Aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine Part 1. Reaction of 3-Aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine with 1,3-, 1,4-Diketones and α,β-Unsaturated Ketones (2001)

The synthesis of several new pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, pyrido[2',3':3,4]-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and imidazo[1',2':1,5]pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives is described. The obtained compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity in vitro. One of them, 4-phenyl-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-beta-styrylo)pyrido- [2',3':3,4]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (9), revealed cytotoxic properties against the cells of all three human cancer cell lines applied. Another one, 2,4-dimethyl-pyrido[2',3':3,4]pyrazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine (2), revealed weak cytotoxic activity only against the cells of human bladder cancer cell line HCV29T. All other compounds tested did not reveal any cytotoxic activity.
Influence of liquid medium on the activity of a low-alpha Fischer-Tropsch catalyst (1995)

The purpose of this research was to measure activity, selectivity, and the maintenance of these properties in slurry autoclave experiments with a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalyst that was used in the {open_quotes}FT II{close_quotes} bubble-column test, conducted at the Alternative Fuels Development Unit (AFDU) at LaPorte, Texas during May 1994. The catalyst contained iron, copper, and potassium and was formulated to produce mainly hydrocarbons in the gasoline range with lesser production of diesel-range products and wax. The probability of chain growth was thus deliberately kept low. Principal goals of the autoclave work have been to find the true activity of this catalyst in a stirred tank reactor, unhindered by heat or mass transfer effects, and to obtain a steady conversion and selectivity over the approximately 15 days of each test. Slurry autoclave testing of the catalyst in heavier waxes also allows insight into operation of larger slurry bubble column reactors. The stability of reactor operation in these experiments, particularly at loadings exceeding 20 weight %, suggests the likely stability of operations on a larger scale.
Simo: Interactions with Distant Displays by Smartphones with Simultaneous Face and World Tracking (2020)

The interaction with distant displays often demands complex, multi-modal inputs which need to be achieved with a very simple hardware solution so that users can perform rich inputs wherever they encounter a distant display. We present Simo, a novel approach, that transforms a regular smartphone into a highly-expressive user motion tracking device and controller for distant displays. Both the front and back cameras of the smartphone are used simultaneously to track the user's hand as well as the head, and body movements in real-world space and scale. In this work, we first define the possibilities for simultaneous face- and world-tracking using current off-the-shelf smartphones. Next, we present the implementation of a smartphone app enabling hand, head, and body motion tracking. Finally, we present a technical analysis outlining the possible tracking range.
Tail Call Optimization in the Java HotSpot™ VM (2009)

Many programming language implementations compile to Java bytecode, which is executed by a virtual machine (e.g the Java HotSpot TM VM). Among these languages are functional languages, which require an optimization that guarantees that certain kinds of method calls do not cause the execution stack to grow unlimitedly. This optimization is called tail call optimization and is currently not supported by the HotSpot TM VM. Implementations of functional languages have to resort to alternative techniques to guarantee that the stack space does not increase unboundedly. These techniques complicate the implementation and also incur a performance penalty. This thesis presents techniques for supporting tail call optimization in the Java HotSpot TM Virtual Machine. Our optimization is implemented in the interpreter, the client compiler and the server compiler. Tail call optimization normally removes stack frames to guarantee that the stack space stays bounded. However, some stack frames are required for the Java access security mechanism to work and hence cannot be removed. virtual machine features a mechanism called deoptimization that allows one to rewrite stack frames. We describe an approach that uses the deoptimization infrastructure to compress stack frames when tail call optimization was disabled because of the security mechanism. This approach allows a series of tail calls to execute in bounded stack space in the presence of a stack-based security mechanism.
A New Topology and Control Strategy for a Hybrid Battery-Ultracapacitor Energy Storage System (2014)

This study investigates a new hybrid energy storage system (HESS), which consists of a battery bank and an ultra-capacitor (UC) bank, and a control strategy for this system. The proposed topology uses a bi-directional DC-DC converter with a lower power rating than those used in the traditional HESS topology. The proposed HESS has four operating modes, and the proposed control strategy chooses the appropriate operating mode and regulates the distribution of power between the battery bank and the UC bank. Additionally, the control system prevents surges during mode switching and ensures that both the battery bank and the bi-directional DC-DC converter operate within their power limits. The proposed HESS is used to improve the performance of an existing power-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). A method for calculating the parameters of the proposed HESS is presented. A simulation model of the proposed HESS and control strategy was developed, and a scaled-down experimental platform was constructed. The results of the simulations and the experiments provide strong evidence for the feasibility of the proposed topology and the control strategy. The performance of the HESS is not influenced by the power limits of the bi-directional DC-DC converter.
COMPARISON OF STANDING WAVE AND TRAVELING WAVE STRUCTURES. (1986)

The controversy over the relative advantages of standing-wave and traveling-wave linear accelerators is now in its fourth decade. It has been fed by a considerable body of misinformation. The author hopes in this paper to shed some light on the subject, and expose some of the falsehoods. The discussion is directed toward the question of which structure to use for short pulse high field electron accelerators since it is almost universally accepted that standing-wave structures are appropriate for CW and long pulse accelerators. Three arguments against standing-wave accelerators are discussed and shown to be invalid.
Pharmacology of Narcotic Analgesics in the Horse: Quantitative Detection of Morphine in Equine Blood and Urine and Logit-Log Transformations of This Data (1981)

Morphine was detected in equine biological fluids by a combination of liquid-liquid extraction and column chromatography, followed by derivatization and gas-liquid chromatographic assay, using electron capture detector. Recovery of morphine from the equine biological samples was poor. However, despite an overall recovery of less than 20%, this method had a detection limit of 0.2 ng/ml. Addition of 5,000 U of bovine liver beta-glucuronidase/ml of urine enabled detection of the drug in urine for up to 144 hours after horses were given 0.1 mg of morphine/kg of body weight. Morphine was found for at least 24 hours in serum samples. An adaptation of logit-log transformation of gas-liquid chromatographic data for linearization over 3 log units suggested a simple adaptation to existing semiautomated data handling systems.