gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced oil recovery by CO/sub 2/ foam flooding. Second annual report. [109 references] (1980)

The objective is to identify commercially available additives which are effective in reducing the mobility of carbon dioxide, CO/sub 2/, thereby improving its efficiency in the recovery of tertiary oil, and which are low enough in cost to be economically attractive. During 1980 significant progress has been accomplished on each major contract objective. The apparatus, design and construction phase of this project is essentially complete. Correlation work on dynamic foam stability, in two-phase flow experiments in a linear sandpack, has shown that the most active foaming agents, as identified in static tests, may not necessarily be the best choices for mobility control in the field. The Alipal CD128-Monamid 150AD system, the leading foam generator in the static test, is slightly inferior to an ethoxylated alcohol, Neodol 23-6.5, that produces only a modest amount of foam in the static test. In the dynamic test, Neodol 23-6.5 lowered gas mobility by about a factor of 2 greater than the Alipal system. Both systems are outstanding in their performance, and further comparative tests are scheduled. A third structure which looks promising based on the interpretation of the above test is a Pluronic surfactant whose hydrophobe consists of polypropylene oxide rather than a linear alcohol as used in the Neodol surfactants. Additional tests on the hydrolysis rate of Alipal-type surfactants indicate that molecular breakdown may not be as rapid as at first suspected. Under neutral conditions the half-life of ethoxylated alcohol sulfates appears to be two to three years at a reservoir temperature of 120/sup 0/F. The Neodol and Pluronic structures should be even more stable.
Comparison of Adsorbed Mercury Screening Method With Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for Determination of Mercury in Soil (2000)

A field screening method for the determination of elemental mercury in environmental soil samples involves the thermal desorption of the mercury from the sample onto gold and then the thermal desorption from the gold to a gold-film mercury vapor analyzer. This field screening method contains a large number of conditions that could be optimized for the various types of soils encountered. In this study, the conditions were optimized for the determination of mercury in silty clay materials, and the results were comparable to the cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometric method of determination. This paper discusses the benefits and disadvantages of employing the field screening method and provides the sequence of conditions that must be optimized to employ this method of determination on other soil types.
Towards a comprehensive assessment of wound-composition using color-image processing (2009)

This paper reports the results of our work on assessing wound-composition based on color-image processing. A knowledge-base (reference-clusters in the 3D color space) of different categories of wound-tissue and pigmentation was built, using about 9000 pixels from 48 images of various wounds. The HSI model was used for the purpose. We address 8 categories of wound-tissue and pigmentation, many more than those reported so far in the literature. The knowledge base was used subsequently for assessing wound-composition, through classification based on Mahalanobis distance. The results of experiments to test the efficacy of the algorithm are encouraging.
Quantitative real-time PCR using TaqMan and SYBR Green for<i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i>,<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>,<i>Prevotella intermedia</i>,<i>tetQ</i>gene and total bacteria (2003)

Accurate quantification of bacterial species in dental plaque is needed for microbiological diagnosis of periodontal diseases. The present study was designed to assess the sensitivity, specificity and quantitativity of the real-time PCR using the GeneAmp Sequence Detection System with two fluorescence chemistries. TaqMan probe with reporter and quencher dye, and SYBR Green dye were used for sources of the fluorescence. Primers and probes were designed for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and total bacteria based on the nucleotide sequences of the respective 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Since spread of antibiotic resistance genes is one of the crucial problems in periodontal therapy, quantitative detection of tetQ gene, which confers resistance to tetracycline, was included in the examination. The detection of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and A. actinomycetemcomitans was linear over a range of 10-10(7) cells (10-10(7) copies for tetQ gene), while the quantitative range for total bacteria was 10(2)-10(7) cells. Species-specific amplifications were observed for the three periodontal bacteria, and there was no significant difference between the TaqMan and SYBR Green chemistry in their specificity, quantitativity and sensitivity. The SYBR Green assay, which was simpler than TaqMan assay in its manipulations, was applied to the clinical plaque samples. The plaque samples were obtained from eight patients (eight periodontal pockets) before and 1 week after the local drug delivery of minocycline. Although the number of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and A. actinomycetemcomitans markedly decreased after the antibiotic therapy in most cases, higher copy numbers of the tetQ gene were detectable. The real-time PCR demonstrated sufficient sensitivity, specificity and quantitativity to be a powerful tool for microbiological examination in periodontal disease, and the quantitative monitoring of antibiotic resistance gene accompanied with the antibiotic therapy should be included in the examination.
A Comparative Study of Capillary-Pressure-Based Empirical Models for Estimating Absolute Permeability in Tight Gas Sands (2007)

Abstract This paper presents the results of a laboratory study where we compare permeability estimates obtained from several mercury-injection capillary-pressure-based models to a set of measured (steady-state), Klinkenberg1-corrected permeability in tight gas sands. We evaluated 63 core samples from several prolific tight gas reservoirs in the U.S. Steady-state permeability and mercury-injection capillary pressure tests were completed on each sample. The permeability samples range is from 0.0001 mD to 0.2 mD. We review a variety of currently-employed models that are classified as belonging to either Poiseuille or Percolation/ Characteristic Length models. We identify those correlations that are best applied in tight gas sands by quantifying each method's accuracy and precision and force rank each based on error analysis score.
Developing Performance Measures for Manned-Unmanned Teaming Skills (2015)

Abstract : Manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T) combines armed helicopters and unmanned aircraft system (UAS) in integrated tactical teams. Previous research identified critical skills required for successful MUM-T that many UAS operators lacked the training to execute. The current research effort was intended to develop performance measures for training-critical MUM-T skills that can support effective training. The refined performance measures were developed through interviews with senior UAS operators and at workshops consisting of scout-attack pilots and UAS operators with MUM-T experience. The product was 36 behavior-based measures that indicated good, average, and poor performance on MUM-T skills. The majority of measures (i.e., 26) were determined to have high validity and high utility, and only two measures were determined to have low validity and low utility. The measure determined to have low utility may reflect uncertainty as to the current role of UAS aircrews in MUM-T operations. The MUM-T measures can be used to effectively assess training outcomes in live training and virtual training.
α<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic receptors increase cell migration and decrease F-actin labeling in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (1998)

Vascular wound healing and such pathologies as atherosclerosis and restenosis are characterized by migration and proliferation of the smooth muscle cells of the media after denudation of the intima. To explore possible roles that alpha 2-adrenergic receptors (alpha 2-ARs) might have in these cellular responses, we characterized the alpha 2-ARs present in explant-derived cultures of rat aortic smooth muscle (RASM) cells. The results of immunofluorescence microscopy and reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction indicated that all three alpha 2-AR subtypes (alpha 2A, alpha 2B, and alpha 2C) were initially present. Mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in the RASM cells was stimulated fivefold over basal by the alpha 2-selective agonist dexmedetomidine (Dex) and was blocked by coincubation with the alpha 2-selective antagonist rauwolscine (RW) or by preincubation of the cells with the Gi/G(o)-protein inhibitor pertussis toxin. alpha 2-AR activation by Dex did not promote cell proliferation, as measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. However, Dex significantly increased RASM cell migration, and antagonist blocked this effect. Incubation of RASM cells with Dex also produced a marked decrease in F-actin labeling, which again was prevented by coincubation with RW. The evidence clearly reveals the presence of functional alpha 2-ARs in RASM cells. The involvement of alpha 2-AR activation with cytoskeletal changes and cell migration is novel and indicates a potential role of these receptors in vascular wound healing and pathogenesis.
Upstream basal promoter element important for exclusive RNA polymerase III transcription of the EBER 2 gene. (1993)

The Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III, but their transcription unit appears to contain both class II and class III promoter elements. One of these promoter element, a TATA-like box which we call the EBER TATA box, or ETAB, is located in a position typical for a class II TATA box but contains G/C residues in the normal T/A motif and a conserved thymidine doublet. Experiments using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs and mutations in the TATA box of the adenovirus major late promoter showed that the ETAB promoter element does not substitute for a class II TATA box. However, when the ETAB promoter element sequence was changed to a class II TATA box consensus sequence, the EBER 2 gene was transcribed in vitro by both RNA polymerases II and III. From these results, we conclude that the ETAB promoter element is important for the exclusive transcription of the EBER 2 gene by RNA polymerase III.
What WOMAC pain score should make a patient eligible for a trial in knee osteoarthritis? (2005)

The number of subjects recruitable for an OA trial depends on the WOMAC pain threshold required. Raising the threshold will lower the number of subjects modestly, but include more persons with moderate to severe pain. Lowering it may include many with only mild pain with activity.
Self-Attention Linguistic-Acoustic Decoder (2018)

The conversion from text to speech relies on the accurate mapping from linguistic to acoustic symbol sequences, for which current practice employs recurrent statistical models like recurrent neural networks. Despite the good performance of such models (in terms of low distortion in the generated speech), their recursive structure tends to make them slow to train and to sample from. In this work, we try to overcome the limitations of recursive structure by using a module based on the transformer decoder network, designed without recurrent connections but emulating them with attention and positioning codes. Our results show that the proposed decoder network is competitive in terms of distortion when compared to a recurrent baseline, whilst being significantly faster in terms of CPU inference time. On average, it increases Mel cepstral distortion between 0.1 and 0.3 dB, but it is over an order of magnitude faster on average. Fast inference is important for the deployment of speech synthesis systems on devices with restricted resources, like mobile phones or embedded systems, where speaking virtual assistants are gaining importance.
Fine Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of qSTL3, a Stigma Length-Conditioning Locus in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) (2015)

The efficiency of hybrid seed production can be improved by increasing the percentage of exserted stigma, which is closely related to the stigma length in rice. In the chromosome segment substitute line (CSSL) population derived from Nipponbare (recipient) and Kasalath (donor), a single CSSL (SSSL14) was found to show a longer stigma length than that of Nipponbare. The difference in stigma length between Nipponbare and SSSL14 was controlled by one locus (qSTL3). Using 7,917 individuals from the SSSL14/Nipponbare F2 population, the qSTL3 locus was delimited to a 19.8-kb region in the middle of the short arm of chromosome 3. Within the 19.8-kb chromosome region, three annotated genes (LOC_Os03g14850, LOC_Os03g14860 and LOC_Os03g14880) were found in the rice genome annotation database. According to gene sequence alignments in LOC_Os03g14850, a transition of G (Nipponbare) to A (Kasalath) was detected at the 474-bp site in CDS. The transition created a stop codon, leading to a deletion of 28 amino acids in the deduced peptide sequence in Kasalath. A T-DNA insertion mutant (05Z11CN28) of LOC_Os03g14850 showed a longer stigma length than that of wild type (Zhonghua 11), validating that LOC_Os03g14850 is the gene controlling stigma length. However, the Kasalath allele of LOC_Os03g14850 is unique because all of the alleles were the same as that of Nipponbare at the 474-bp site in the CDS of LOC_Os03g14850 among the investigated accessions with different stigma lengths. A gene-specific InDel marker LQ30 was developed for improving stigma length during rice hybrid breeding by marker-assisted selection.
Nanotubules of bare boron clusters: <i>Ab initio</i> and density functional study (1997)

Using ab initio quantum-chemical and density functional methods we have determined novel structures of bare boron clusters. In addition to previously reported quasi-planar, convex and spherical cluster forms, boron nanotubules seem to be highly stable as well. These novel nanotubular structures are composed of hexagonal pyramids only and can be considered as segments of extended pipes. Applying a previously reported "Aufbau Principle", one can easily construct stable boron structures besides the new nanotubular clusters described below. Thus the Aufbau principle should help in illuminating the chemical and physical nature of new boron materials based on boron nanotubules.
Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with Allopurinol and Stibogluconate (1997)

We conducted a randomized, controlled study in southern Colombia to determine if the addition of allopurinol to stibogluconate was superior to stibogluconate alone in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lesions that healed after a 3-month course of therapy and remained so during a 1-year period of follow-up were considered cured. The cure rate for patients treated with stibogluconate was 39%; the addition of allopurinol increased this rate to 71% (P = .005). For the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, the combination of allopurinol and stibogluconate is significantly more effective than is stibogluconate alone. These results support those of other clinical studies in which allopurinol and stibogluconate were shown to be superior to stibogluconate alone. The aggregate data support the use of allopurinol as an inexpensive, orally administered agent that can be used as an adjunct to stibogluconate or, perhaps, other oral agents in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
N,N,N,N-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine-induced depletion of the labile intracellular pool of zinc suppressed the growth of human breast cancer cells (2009)

Zinc is critically involved in many physiological processes including growth. Increasing evidence has revealed the importance of the labile intracellular pool of zinc (LIPZ) in zinc-mediated growth regulation, especially apoptosis, or programmed cell death. However, the mechanisms whereby zinc regulates apoptosis are largely unknown. Zinc has been shown to be associated with several key apoptotic regulatory factors i.e. p53 and members of the Bcl-2 family. We hypothesized that deprivation of LIPZ would reduce cell survival and promote cell death in human breast cancer cells. The overall objectives were to investigate the effects of LIPZ depletion on the growth of human breast cancer cells and to explore the possible mechanisms involved. Three human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and T47D) and a fibrocystic breast cell line (MCF-10), were treated with various concentrations of the intracellular zinc chelator (NNN'N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine; TPEN). After various incubation durations, total cellular zinc concentration and the LIPZ size were quantitated. Cell growth was assessed using cell number counts, cell viability and profiles of cell survival and cell death (necrosis and apoptosis). The expression profile of p53, gadd45, bcl-2 and bax were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TPEN induced a dose-dependent reduction in the LIPZ size, but had no effect on the total cellular zinc concentration. TPENinduced depletion of LLPZ led to decreased cell viability and survival, and increased necrosis and apoptosis, indicating that an adequate size of LIPZ was critical to the growth of breast cancer and fibrocystic breast cells. The depletion of LIPZ was also associated with alterations in p53, gadd45, Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA levels in two of the breast cancer cell lines (MDAMB- 231 and T47D) investigated. Overall, this study demonstrated that LIPZ was important to breast cancer cell growth. The TPEN-induced depletion LIPZ was cell line-specific, and was independent of total cellular zinc content. The reduced LIPZ size was associated with reduced growth of human breast cancer cells through increased cell death in a cell linespecific manner. The elevated levels of apoptotic cell death were associated with altered mRNA level of apoptotic regulatory genes.
Virus stability and protein-nucleic acid interaction as studied by high-pressure effects on nodaviruses. (2004)

In this work, we evaluate the stability, dynamics and protein-nucleic acid interaction in Flock House virus (FHV). FHV is an RNA insect virus, non-enveloped, member of the family Nodaviridae. It is composed of a bipartite single-stranded RNA genome packaged in an icosahedral capsid of 180 copies of an identical protein (alpha protein). A fundamental property of many animal viruses is the post-assembly maturation required for infectivity. FHV is constructed as a provirion, which matures to an infectious virion by cleavage of alpha protein into beta and gamma subunits. We used high pressure, temperature and chemical denaturing agents to promote perturbation of the viral capsid. These effects were monitored by spectroscopy measurements (fluorescence, light scattering and CD) and size-exclusion chromatography. The data showed that FHV was stable to pressures up to 310 MPa at room temperature. The fluorescence emission and light scattering values showed small changes that were reversible after decompression. When we combined pressure and sub-denaturing urea concentrations (1 M), the changes were more drastic, suggesting dissociation of the capsid. However, these changes were reversible after pressure release. The complete dissociation of FHV could be observed only under high urea concentrations (10 M). There were no significant changes in emission spectra up to 5 M urea. FHV also was stable when we used temperature treatments (high and low). We also compared the effects of urea and pressure on FHV wild type and cleavage-defective mutant VLPs (virus-like particles). The VLPs and authentic particles are distinguishable by protein-RNA interactions, since VLPs pack cellular RNA and native particles contain viral RNA. Our results demonstrated that native particles are more stable than VLPs to physical and chemical treatments. Our data point to the specificity of the interaction between the capsid protein and the viral RNA. This specificity is crucial to the stability of the particle, which makes this interaction an excellent target for drug development.
Datacasting In The Mobile Environment (2008)

Datacasting employs the excess bandwidth from digital television signals for use in one-way data transmission, and it is being used successfully for high-speed downloads at fixed locations. There is considerable interest in extending datacast usage to mobile users, although there are reception challenges in the mobile environment that can significantly impact system performance. To explore the feasibility of using datacasting in this environment, datacasting receivers and data logging equipment were installed in emergency vehicles to record performance characteristics over a wide range of operational conditions. Summary conclusions from that study are described in this paper along with details about the network infrastructure and equipment used. Although datacasting provides only a downlink channel, it can be interfaced with other channels so as to form a twoway link. In the work reported here, datacasting was coupled with a broadband cellular channel to successfully provide a two-way data channel. It is important to note that this paper addresses the use of conventional datacasting, which is particularly sensitive to multipath interference. For example, conventional datacast reception is not possible when the receiver is in motion. Newer forms of datacasting that are less susceptible to multipath are currently under development and should be on the market in the near future. Consequently, some of the limitations of conventional datacasting reported here may not be factors with the newer versions of datacasting.
Infrared optical fibers (1989)

Basic concepts of optical fibres - the mechanism of light guiding dispersion characteristics transmission loss characteristics introduction to infrared optical fibres - an historical sketch materials for infrared transmission classification of infrared transmitting materials applications of infrared optical fibres measurement techniques for transmission properties glass fibres for infrared transmission - oxide glass fibres, fluoride glass fibres, chalcogenide glass fibres, other glass fibres crystalline fibres for infrared transmission - polycrystalline fibres, single-crystalline fibres hollow waveguides for infrared transmission - metallic hollow waveguides, dielectric hollow waveguides applications of infrared optical fibres - long distance optical communications nuclear radiation-resistant optical fibres infrared remote sensing laser power transmissions.
The Association's Alphabet (1976)

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