gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of internal ROADM protection (2015)

Reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs) are a key component in most carrier networks. One common ROADM design utilizes a set of wavelength-selective switches (WSSs) in a broadcast-and-select architecture. All traffic at the node passes through at least one WSS. If a WSS fails, the affected traffic can be routed over spare network capacity, similar to a link failure. Alternatively, WSS redundancy can be provided internal to the ROADM. We discuss the advantages of internal ROADM protection, and analyze two architectures for providing protection for the WSSs.
Studies on the Mechanism of the von Braun Reaction (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the Mechanism of the von Braun ReactionNelson J. Leonard and Erwin W. NommensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 8, 2808–2813Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01176a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01176a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views792Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Slender-body theory for particles of arbitrary cross-section in Stokes flow (1970)

A rigid body whose length (2 l ) is large compared with its breadth (represented by R 0 ) is straight but is otherwise of arbitrary shape. It is immersed in fluid whose undisturbed velocity, at the position of the body and relative to it, may be either uniform, corresponding to translational motion of the body, parallel or perpendicular to the body length, or a linear function of distance along the body length, corresponding to an ambient pure straining motion or to rotational motion of the body. Inertia forces are negligible. It is possible to represent the body approximately by a distribution of Stokeslets over a line enclosed by the body; and then the resultant force required to sustain translational motion, the net stresslet strength in a straining motion, and the resultant couple required to sustain rotational motion, can all be calculated. In the first approximation the Stokeslet strength density F ( x ) is independent of the body shape and is of order μ U ε, where U is a measure of the undisturbed velocity and ε = (log 2 l / R 0 ) −1 . In higher approximations, F ( x ) depends on both the body cross-section and the way in which it varies along the length. From an investigation of the ‘inner’ flow field near one section of the body, and the condition that it should join smoothly with the ‘outer’ flow which is determined by the body as a whole, it is found that a given shape and size of the local cross-section is equivalent, in all cases of longitudinal relative motion, to a circle of certain radius, and, in all cases of transverse relative motion, to an ellipse of certain dimensions and orientation. The equivalent circle and the equivalent ellipse may be found from certain boundary-value problems for the harmonic and biharmonic equations respectively. The perimeter usually provides a better measure of the magnitude of the effect of a non-circular shape of a cross-section than its area. Explicit expressions for the various integral force parameters correct to the order of ε 2 are presented, together with iterative relations which allow their determination to the order of any power of ε. For a body which is ‘longitudinally elliptic’ and has uniform cross-sectional shape, the force parameters are given explicitly to the order of any power of ε, and, for a cylindrical body, to the order of ε 3 .
Aromatic Mercuration (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic MercurationKenneth A. Kobe and Thomas F. DoumaniCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1941, 33, 2, 170–176Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50374a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50374a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Folded Graphene Membranes: Mapping Curvature at the Nanoscale (2012)

While the unique elastic properties of monolayer graphene have been extensively investigated, less knowledge has been developed so far on folded graphene. Nevertheless, it has been recently suggested that fold-induced curvature (without in-plane strain) could possibly affect the local chemical and electron transport properties of graphene, envisaging a material-by-design approach where tailored membranes are used in enhanced nanoresonators or nanoelectromechanical devices. In this work we propose a novel method combining apparent strain analysis from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) images and theoretical modeling based on continuum elasticity theory and tight-binding atomistic simulations to map and measure the nanoscale curvature of graphene folds and wrinkles. If enough contrast and resolution in HREM images are obtained, this method can be successfully applied to provide a complete nanoscale geometrical and physical picture of 3D structure of various wrinkle and fold configurations.
Membrane Cofactor Protein Is a Receptor for Adenoviruses Associated with Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis (2004)

Subgroup D adenovirus (Ad) types 8, 19, and 37 (Ad8, -19, and -37, respectively) are causative agents of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and genital tract infections. Previous studies showed that Ad37 binds to a 50-kDa membrane glycoprotein expressed on human ocular (conjunctival) cells. To identify and characterize the role of the 50-kDa glycoprotein in Ad37 infection, we partially purified this molecule from solubilized Chang C conjunctival cell membranes by using lentil lectin chromatography and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Liquid chromatography coupled to nano-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was subsequently used to identify four Ad37 receptor candidates: CD46, CD87, CD98, and CD147. Immunodepletion analyses demonstrated that the 50-kDa protein is identical to CD46 (also known as membrane cofactor protein). The Ad37, but not Ad5, fiber knob bound to the extracellular domain of CD46, demonstrating a direct interaction of an Ad37 capsid protein with CD46. An antibody specific for the N-terminal 19 amino acids of CD46 also blocked Ad37 infection of human cervical carcinoma and conjunctival cells, indicating a requirement for CD46 in infection. Finally, expression of a 50-kDa isoform of human CD46 in a CD46-null cell line increased cell binding by wild-type Ad37 and gene delivery by an Ad vector pseudotyped with the Ad37 fiber, but not by a vector bearing the Ad5 fiber. Together, these studies demonstrate that CD46 serves as an attachment receptor for Ad37 and shed further light on the cell entry pathway of subgroup D Ads.
Occupancy driven building performance assessment (2016)

In this paper, we focus on the building performance assessment using big data and visual analytics techniques driven by building occupancy. Building occupancy is a paramount factor in building performance, specifically lighting, plug loads and HVAC equipment utilization. Extrapolation of patterns from big data sets, which consist of building information, energy consumption, environmental measurements and namely occupancy information, is a powerful analysis technique to extract useful semantic information about building performance. To this end, visual analytics techniques are exploited to visualize them in a compact and comprehensive way taking into account properties of human cognition, perception and sense making. Visual Analytics facilitates the detailed spatiotemporal analysis building performance in terms of occupancy comfort, building performance and energy consumption and exploits innovative data mining techniques and mechanisms to allow analysts to detect patterns and crucial point that are difficult to be detected otherwise, thus assisting them to further optimize the building’s operation. The presented tool has been tested on real data information acquired from a building located at southern Europe demonstrating its effectiveness and its usability for building managers.
A Holistic Model for Mobility Enhancement through Process-Induced Stress (2006)

A compact and scaleable holistic (non process-specifilc) model for mobility enhancement through process-induced stress is developed for the first time. The layout dependence of transistor m obility due to process-induced stress is efficiently captured. The mobility model is verified for different layout dimensions for several stress-inducing process technologies through both process simulations and experimental data.
The Effects of Lidocaine on Superoxide Production and p47 Phox Translocation in Opsonized Zymosan-Activated Neutrophils (2001)

Superoxide is generated by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase that exists in the cell membrane of neutrophils and contains p47 phox in the enzyme complex. Superoxide is closely related to various diseases, including infection, myocardial infarction, and aspiration pneumonia. Therefore we performed this study to establish how lidocaine acts on NADPH oxidase. We examined the effects of lidocaine on superoxide production in neutrophils using the method of 2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7-dihydro [1,2-a] pyrazin-3-one (CLA phenyl)-dependent chemiluminescence activated by opsonized zymosan (OZ). Treatment with lidocaine 15 μM suppressed OZ-activated CLA phenyl-dependent chemiluminescence by approximately 40% compared with that of OZ only-activated neutrophils. It was further demonstrated that the suppressive effect of lidocaine on superoxide production was dependent on the concentration of lidocaine. Translocation of p47 phox from the cytosol to the cell membrane was studied using immunoblot analysis with a polyclonal anti-p47 phox antibody. Lidocaine suppressed OZ-induced p47 phox translocation in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that suppression of superoxide production by a therapeutic dose of lidocaine correlates strongly with suppression of p47 phox translocation.
<title>Onboard spectral imager data processor</title> (1999)

Previous papers have described the concept behind the MightySat II.1 program, the satellite's Fourier Transform imaging spectrometer's optical design, the design for the spectral imaging payload, and its initial qualification testing. This paper discusses the on board data processing designed to reduce the amount of downloaded data by an order of magnitude and provide a demonstration of a smart spaceborne spectral imaging sensor. Two custom components, a spectral imager interface 6U VME card that moves data at over 30 MByte/sec, and four TI C-40 processors mounted to a second 6U VME and daughter card, are used to adapt the sensor to the spacecraft and provide the necessary high speed processing. A system architecture that offers both on board real time image processing and high-speed post data collection analysis of the spectral data has been developed. In addition to the on board processing of the raw data into a usable spectral data volume, one feature extraction technique has been incorporated. This algorithm operates on the basic interferometric data. The algorithm is integrated within the data compression process to search for uploadable feature descriptions.
A proposal of 3D analytical method for designing a comfortable grip form (2010)

Gripping is a very important function in daily life and there will be a best form for gripping for each person. If the form is best, then it will contain some information about the physical and mental condition of the person, and there might be some common mathematical formulas by which we can describe the best form to each person. Such concept as to best fit everybody may be the concept of universal design, but no theoretical research has yet done. Takahashi has developed a cup called “Waga-Hai” for people who cannot use a standard one easily. We believe that the key information for deriving a formula for universal design will be concealed in this 3D polygon data. As this is the first challenge to derive a universal design, this paper is devoted to extracting features. The objective of this paper is to determine the features reflecting the distribution of grip force of each figure and the location of the fingers.
Enhanced decision feedback equalization (1990)

The author describes a detection technique, enhanced decision feedback equalization (EDFE), which is well matched to the magnetic recording channel. EDFE involves a combination of both decision feedback equalization (DFE) and look-ahead detection. The implementation of EDFE is similar to that of DFE. The sampled transition response factors into (1+D/4)/(1-D/2), suggesting that the required response can be formed by some pulse slimming and slight phase adjustment, 1+D/4, followed by a single-pole RC characteristic at some 11% of the clock rate which will produce the exponential tail, 1/(1-D/2). Evaluation of the asymptotic SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) shows that EDFE is better than or comparable to several other detectors on a Lorenzian channel. The look-ahead feature which distinguishes EDFE from conventional DFE is responsible for a performance improvement approaching 1 dB. At very high density and at very low density, the performance of EDFE is less attractive. The performance of EDFE at PW50=2.5T is comparable to that of EPRML (extended class IV partial response maximum-likelihood detection), and EDFE is much easier to implement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cholinergic Modification of Glucose-Induced Biphasic Insulin Release in Vitro (1974)

An in vitro system for perifusion of rat pancreatic islets has been utilized to define the effects of cholinergic agents on the dynamics of insulin release. In the absence of glucose the effects of either acetylcholine or acetyl-beta-methylcholine were minimal at concentrations up to 10(-5) mM. In the presence of low glucose concentration (2.4 mM), both of the muscarinic agents produced dose-dependent biphasic insulin release. Under these conditions significant insulin release was observed over both phases at concentrations of the muscarinic agents as low as 10(-8) mM. Further, the dose response curves relating muscarinic concentration to the total amount of insulin released in each of the two phases showed lack of parallelism between the curves. Nicotinic acid in concentrations up to 10(-5) mM had no effect on insulin release in the presence of 2.4 mM glucose. When the glucose concentration was increased to 16.4 mM, the effects of the muscarinic agents were significantly less than those observed in the presence of 2.4 mM glucose. This held true whether the effect was defined as absolute increment due to the muscarinic agent or as percentage of enhancement. Atropine inhibited insulin release induced by both acetylcholine and by 16.4 mM glucose. These data indicate that cholinergic stimulation can play a significant role in modifying insulin release patterns.
Micro-Raman spectroscopy of natural and synthetic indigo samples (2003)

In this work indigo samples from three different sources are studied by using Raman spectroscopy: the synthetic pigment and pigments from the woad (Isatis tinctoria) and the indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria). 21 samples were obtained from 8 suppliers; for each sample 5 Raman spectra were recorded and used for further chemometrical analysis. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed as data reduction method before applying hierarchical cluster analysis. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was implemented as a non-hierarchical supervised pattern recognition method to build a classification model. In order to avoid broad-shaped interferences from the fluorescence background, the influence of 1st and 2nd derivatives on the classification was studied by using cross-validation. Although chemically identical, it is shown that Raman spectroscopy in combination with suitable chemometric methods has the potential to discriminate between synthetic and natural indigo samples.
City fights grease and odour problems in sewer system (1977)

Carotid plaque progression had long-term association with CHD and stroke starting from 0.5 years, while the velocity of average plaque length associated with increased ΔLDL-C (last - goal) might reflect patient response to statins. Repeated carotid plaque measurements might guide lipid-lowering therapies.
Inhibition of Lens Epithelial Cell Migration by an Acrylic Intraocular Lens in vitro (2002)

We developed a new in vitro system to evaluate the effect of intraocular lenses (IOLs) on the migration of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and determined how acrylic and other IOLs influence LEC migration using this model. In an in vitro system, porcine LECs were cultured in a cell culture chamber insert, containing a collagen membrane, for 10 days with no IOL or with various types of IOLs. Migration of LECs beneath each IOL optic was observed with an inverted-phase microscope. The cell-free areas under the IOL optic, where the LECs had not migrated, were measured. Without IOL, LECs completely covered the collagen membrane within 5 days after plating (5.0 +/- 0.0 days). Complete coverage was slowed by a silicone IOL (6.7 +/- 1.2 days, p = 0.0305). LECs cultured with acrylic or with round- or sharp-edged polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOLs did not completely cover the area. Ten days after initiating cultures, the cell-free areas under IOLs with sharp edges (acrylic, 41.1 +/- 8.0%; sharp-edged PMMA, 60.9 +/- 39.0%) were significantly larger than under IOLs with round edges (silicone, 0.0 +/- 0.0%; round-edged PMMA, 1.5 +/- 1.2%). A sharp edge may act as a barrier to LEC migration. Moreover, LEC migration under the acrylic IOL slowed after the LECs had crossed the barrier of the optic edge, perhaps due to acrylic adhesive properties. Only a few LECs reached the collagen membrane beneath the central 3 mm of the acrylic IOL. This new in vitro model was useful in evaluating the effect of various IOLs on LEC migration. Acrylic IOLs inhibited LEC migration by not only a sharp edge but also other factors, such as adhesive properties.
Computer assisted M-mode echocardiogram analysis (1982)

An analysis system has been developed to aid the quantitative interpretation of echocardiograms. A small and relatively inexpensive desk-top computer, which requires no modification is used. The analysis system enables a variety of complex continuous measurements to be made. The include left ventricular dimension changes, velocities and "work" diagrams. Using the digitiser in the system, a series of options in the operating program allow the analysis steps to be tailored to specific clinical or research requirements. Analysed waveforms can be output singly or superimposed to allow physiological and measurement variabilities to be studied. The system is now being used in several hospitals, and all report favourably on its flexibility and ease of use.
Creating Web services from legacy host programs (2004)

An important prerequisite to connecting existing systems to the Web is the ability to link client programs on the Web site with server programs on the host. The host programs have not been conceived to run in an internet mode. They are either online transactions or batch steps. This paper describes a tool supported process to cut out selected sections of legacy code and to provide them with an XML interface. The same interface is used to generate a Java class, which creates XML messages returning from the server. This class is then built in to the package managing the Web site. In this way a consistent communication between the Web site and the server components on the host is ensured.
Emulsification of chemical and enzymatic hydrolysates of β-lactoglobulin: characterization of the peptides adsorbed at the interface (2000)

Bovine beta-Lactoglobulin (BLG) was cleaved by BNPS-skatole (2-(2'-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl-3'-bromoindolenine), trypsin, or pepsin in 40% ethanol before emulsification with hexadecane in order to characterize the peptides active at the interfaces. The total digests and the different phases obtained after emulsification were analyzed by RP-HPLC to separate the peptides according to their gradual order on a hydrophilicity-to-hydrophobicity scale. In each case, hydrophobic peptides were recovered in the creamed phase and characterized by mass spectrometry and sequencing. After tryptic hydrolysis, short peptides were identified at the interfacial layer as fragments S21-L32, V41-L57, V41-K60, and W61-K70 linked to L149-I162 by a C66-C160 bond. It indicates that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic distribution of the amino acids in the sequence of the fragments is more relevant to adsorption than the length of the peptide. BNPS-skatole and peptic hydrolysis produced larger hydrophobic peptides which were also recovered in the creamed phase of the emulsion and characterized.