gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ordered Silicon Microwire Arrays Grown from Substrates Patterned Using Imprint Lithography and Electrodeposition (2015)

Silicon microwires grown by the vapor-liquid-solid process have attracted a great deal of interest as potential light absorbers for solar energy conversion. However, the research-scale techniques that have been demonstrated to produce ordered arrays of micro and nanowires may not be optimal for use as high-throughput processes needed for large-scale manufacturing. Herein we demonstrate the use of microimprint lithography to fabricate patterned templates for the confinement of an electrodeposited Cu catalyst for the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of Si microwires. A reusable polydimethylsiloxane stamp was used to pattern holes in silica sol-gels on silicon substrates, and the Cu catalyst was electrodeposited into the holes. Ordered arrays of crystalline p-type Si microwires were grown across the sol-gel-patterned substrates with materials quality and performance comparable to microwires fabricated with high-purity metal catalysts and cleanroom processing.
The combination of factorial design and simplex method in the optimization of lubricants for effervescent tablets (1995)

Twenty lubricants for effervescent tablets were tested for lubrication effectiveness in direct compression of a standard effervescent formulation, using an eccentric tabletting machine. The quotient of compression force (kN) to residual force (N) was used as a measure of lubricant effectiveness, rather than the residual force alone. This minimized the effect of compression force on residual force. A value of 0.05 kN/N was found sufficient to achieve good lubrication. The effects of compression force and of lubricant concentration on the lubricant effectiveness, the disintegration time, and the crushing strength of the effervescent tablets were investigated by simplex optimization and by a 2 2 factorial design, analysed by linear regression. The results indicate that the lubricant must combine hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties in order to achieve both good lubrication and a short disintegration time.
Structure-Designable Formation-Method of Super Low-k SiOC Film (k=2.2) by Neutral-Beam-Enhanced-CVD (2008)

Ar neutral beam enhanced chemical vapor deposition can control the dielectric constant and film modulus of low-k SiOC deposited on Si substrates precisely because it avoids precursor dissociation due to electron collisions and UV photons in plasma. Optimizing the ratio between Si-O and Si-(CH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> as well as the proportions of linear, network, and cage Si-O structures by changing the precursor, we obtained a k of 2.2 and a reasonable modulus by using either dimethyl diethoxy silane or dimethyl dimethoxy silane as a precursor.
Cross regulation in an energy-storage DC-to-DC converter with two regulated outputs (1977)

A model of a two-output voltage step-up/current step-up dc-to-dc converter is presented which demonstrates how the leakage flux associated with the energy-storage transformer affects cross regulation. First, expressions are derived which show the strong influence that leakage flux has on the secondary current waveforms. Then, after imposing steady-state constraints on the two equations describing the secondary current waveshapes, the cross regulation performance of the converter can be predicted. A comparison of predicted and observed results suggests that this model can be a useful tool for understanding converter cross regulation performance as well as for guiding the design of the energy-storage transformer in a multiple-output converter.
INCREASE OF CURIE TEMPERATURE IN EuO FILMS BY Fe DOPING (1970)

A large increase of ferromagnetic Curie temperature from 69.5 to ∼180°K has been discovered in EuO films by Fe doping. In films containing Fe up to 8% by weight, the structure is essentially the same as bulk EuO, the magnetic moment (at 4.2°K) is reduced slightly to 190 emu/g, the longitudinal Faraday rotation shows a similar wavelength dependence as that of pure EuO with a maximum positive rotation of 2.4×105 deg/cm at 6500 Å at an incidence angle of 65°, square hysteresis loops extend to ∼160°K, and the optical absorption characteristics are modified by Fedoping with a peak absorption coefficient of 2.4×105/cm (at 300°K) at 5800 Å.
Development of a high-density pasted nickel electrode and battery (2002)

The authors developed a high energy density sealed Ni-Cd battery consisting of a pasted nickel electrode with a highly porous Ni fiber felt substrate and high-density nickel hydroxide powder. The high-density nickel hydroxide powder having a spherical shape made it possible to obtain a pasted nickel electrode with an energy density exceeding 550 mAh/cm/sup 3/. The nickel electrode with high density nickel hydroxide powder added with Zn or Cd as a solid solution improved the cycle life and high-rate discharge characteristics. Additionally, high temperature charge acceptance is improved by the addition of cobalt together with Zn or Cd. The newly developed battery has a capacity of 800 mAh in AA size. 1800 mAh in SC size and 3000 mAh in C size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Traitor Deterring Schemes (2015)

We put forth a new cryptographic primitive called a Traitor Deterring Scheme (TDS). A TDS is a multi-recipient public-key encryption scheme where an authority issues decryption keys to a set of users. The distinguishing feature of a TDS is that secret-keys are issued only after the users provide some private information as a form of collateral. The traitor deterring property ensures that if a malicious coalition of users (aka "traitors") produces an unauthorized (aka "pirate") decryption device, any recipient of the device will be able to recover at least one of the traitors' collaterals with only black-box access to the device. On the other hand, honest users' collaterals are guaranteed to remain hidden. In this fashion a TDS deincentivizes malicious behavior among users.
Low recruitment of immune cells with increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules in margins of the chronic diabetic foot ulcers (2005)

Diabetic foot skin close to an ulcer shows only a few infiltrating cells compared to nondiabetic inflamed tissues. Diabetes is characterized by thickened basement membrane of the blood arterioles and capillaries. This may affect the transcapillary transport of immune humoral factors and cells to the extravascular space. We analyzed by immunohistochemistry the phenotype and expression pattern of adhesion molecules on leukocyte, dermal fibroblast, and endothelial cells in diabetic foot ulcers. Although there was accumulation of granulocytes on the surface and superficial layers of the granulation tissue, rare perivascular granulocyte infiltrates in the dermis were seen. Moreover, lack of macrophage and CD3+ T cell infiltrates was observed. In contrast, there was increased intensity of CD1a staining of Langerhans cells in the epidermis and papillary dermis (p < 0.05). Fibroblasts revealed increased presence in the ulcer margins compared with normal skin (p < 0.05). Skin endothelial cells expressed stronger von Willebrand factor and E-selectin compared with normal skin (p < 0.05). Our study provides evidence that increased expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules responsible for immunocyte extravasation is not associated with increased inflammatory cell infiltration of the ulcerated diabetic foot tissue. We suggest that the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers may be hampered by mechanisms decreasing accumulation of leukocytes. This implies that pharmacological or biological stimulation of leukocyte extravasation into the ulcer tissue should be tried.
Hg adsorption on optically thin Au films (1990)

Monitoring the reflectivity of optically thin Au films on the ends of multimode optical fibers during exposure to Hg vapor provides a new means of determining the nature and extent of chemisorption and reaction of Hg with Au. Upon Hg vapor exposure, a freshly deposited Au film shows an initial increase in reflectivity, followed after some time by a substantial reflectivity decrease. The initial reflectivity increase is a result of the chemisorption of Hg on the Au, augmenting the film’s optical thickness. The subsequent reflectivity decrease, which is observed only for saturated or near-saturated Hg vapor concentrations (p/psat &gt;0.1), is a consequence of amalgamation of the Au by the Hg. The amalgamation process, which begins at grain boundaries when multilayers of Hg exist on the surface of the Au, results in the formation of large voids in the Au film. Energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy shows the resulting amalgam to have the approximate composition Au2 Hg3. Reflectivity measurements have been made as functions of Hg partial pressure and of Au film thickness; models are presented which describe both behaviors. Detection of Hg vapor in the parts per 109 concentration range has been demonstrated, suggesting that this effect could be used to monitor Hg vapor concentrations at the Occupational Safety and Health Administration exposure limits.
Design and Experimental Evaluation of a High-Temperature Radial Turbine (1971)

Abstract : The report describes the design, fabrication and test of a radial turbine designed to produce 219.6 Btu/lb stage work at 87.5% efficiency, with a 5:1 stage pressure ratio. Turbine inlet gas conditions at design point were 257. 5 psia and 2300F. The resulting turbine configuration consisted of an air- cooled, 12-bladed rotor designed for 67,000 rpm, and a 20-vaned air-cooled nozzle section of a reflex-type (supersonic) design. Both parts were designed as IN100 (PWA 658) investment castings. As part of the preliminary design effort, a fabrication study was conducted to evaluate feasible methods of casting the turbine nozzle and rotor. Results showed that the nozzle section could be cast as an integral assembly, but fabrication of the rotor as an integral casting was much more difficult. Bicasting was evaluated as an alternate method of fabricating the rotor, and results showed substantial advantages for the bicasting technique. However, neither method could produce designed rotor properties, and testing was conducted with structurally limited rotors. A test rig was designed and fabricated by the contractor. The test rig consisted of a supercharged gas generator, which had the capability of controlling the turbine load by varying the compressor flow rate. Burner testing preceded turbine testing.
A 0.18 μm CMOS hot-standby phase-locked loop using a noise-immune adaptive-gain voltage-controlled oscillator (2002)

This PLL features a hot-standby PLL (HSPLL) architecture and noise-immune circuit techniques. With this architecture, both fast lock time and low jitter are achieved by the system transfer function being changed; it is unnecessary to vary the values of system parameters in an attempt to reduce lock time. The HSPLL uses a reconfigurable delay line (RDL) that, depending upon the state of its switch circuit (SC), can operate either as a voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL) or a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). When the RDL is operating as a VCDL (i.e. when the total circuit is a VCDL-PLL, a first-order system), lock time is fast and jitter is low, but it is difficult to generate a frequency-multiplied signal. This makes the VCDL-PLL configuration appropriate for the unlocked state. Then, at the instant that the HSPLL changes from the unlocked state to the locked, the condition of the SC is changed to create a VCO-PLL, a second-order system in which it is easy to generate a frequency-multiplied signal but difficult to achieve fast lock time (i.e. a situation well-suited to a locked state). This HSPLL architecture allows use of the respective advantages of both VCDL- and VCO-PLLs without having to suffer from their various disadvantages. The HSPLL is implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS and two-layer metal technology. 2010 transistors are integrated into a 480/spl times/450 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ die area. The supply voltage is 1.0 V, the power dissipation is about 2 mW, the input signal frequency is 50 MHz, and the output signal frequency is 200 MHz.
Comparison of efficacy of<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>A1-R and chemotherapy on stem-like and non-stem human pancreatic cancer cells (2013)

The XPA1 human pancreatic cancer cell line is dimorphic, with spindle stem-like cells and round non-stem cells. We report here the in vitro IC 50 values of stem-like and non-stem XPA1 human pancreatic cells cells for: (1) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), (2) cisplatinum (CDDP), (3) gemcitabine (GEM), and (4) tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (A1-R). IC 50 values of stem-like XPA1 cells were significantly higher than those of non-stem XPA1 cells for 5-FU (P = 0.007) and CDDP (P = 0.012). In contrast, there was no difference between the efficacy of A1-R on stem-like and non-stem XPA1 cells. In vivo, 5-FU and A1-R significantly reduced the tumor weight of non-stem XPA1 cells (5-FU; P = 0.028; A1-R; P = 0.011). In contrast, only A1-R significantly reduced tumor weight of stem-like XPA1 cells (P = 0.012). The combination A1-R with 5-FU improved the antitumor efficacy compared with 5-FU monotherapy on the stem-like cells (P = 0.004). The results of the present report indicate A1-R is a promising therapy for chemo-resistant pancreatic cancer stem-like cells.
Clinical study on the therapeutic role of midodrine in non azotemic cirrhotic patients with tense ascites: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. (2014)

Midodrine appeared to be effective in lowering body weights and abdominal girths of non azotemic cirrhotic patients with tense ascites.
Influence and Removal of Organics in Drinking Water (1992)

Adsorption Thermodynamics at the Solid-Liquid Interface: The Influence of Surface Heterogeneity on the Removal of Some Surfactants and Organic Micropollutants from Aqueous Solutions. Influence of the Concentration Change of Raw Water upon the Carbon Adsorption Isotherms of Total Organics and Micropollutants. Using Powdered Activated Carbon: A Critical Review. Development of a Method to Predict the Adsorption of Organic Chemicals on Activated Carbon. Competitive Adsorption of Some Organics and Heavy Metals on Activated Carbon in Water. Coagulation-Flocculation of Minerals Using Al, Fe (III) Salts. What Kind of Flocs for What Separation Process? Drinking Water Treatment by Hydrosoluble Polymers: Mechanisms of Coagulation and Efficiency. The Role of Colloids and Dissolved Organics in Membrane and Depth Filtration. Preliminary Analysis of the Organic in Treated and Raw Water in Guangzhou City. Treatability Evaluation by Simple and Rapid Method. Automatic Control of the Coagulant Dose in Drinking Water Treatment. Influence of Preozonation on the Clarification Efficiency. Application of Ozone with Activated Carbon for Drinking Water Treatment in China. Basic Concepts for the Choice and Design of Ozone Contactors. Organic Removal by Ozonation and GAC Adsorption. A Pilot-Plant Study on Advanced Treatment of Potable Water. Ozonation of Organic Compounds Causing Taste and Odor Problems. The Aqueous Reactions of Specific Organic Compounds with Ozone. New Advances in Oxidation Processes: The Use of the Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide Combination for the Micropollutants Removal in Drinking Water. A Fluidized Biofilter Bed Process as a Preliminary Treatment of a Contaminated Drinking Water Source. Removal of Synthetic and Natural Organic Compounds by Biological Filtration. Membrane Filtration in Drinking Water Treatment: A Case Story. Ultrafiltration of Lake Water: Optimization of TOC Removal and Flux. Megatrends in Drinking Water Treatment Technologies: The Years Ahead 1990.
Isolation and Applications of Prostate Side Population Cells Based on Dye Cycle Violet Efflux (2011)

This unit describes methods for digestion of human prostate clinical specimens and dye cycle violet (DCV) staining for identification, isolation, and quantitation of radiolabeled dihydrotestosterone (DHT) retention of side population cells. The principle of the side population assay is based on differential efflux of DCV, a cell-membrane-permeable fluorescent dye, by cells with high ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter activity. Cells with high ABC transporter activity that efflux DCV and fall in the lower left quadrant of a flow cytograph are designated as "side population" cells. This unit emphasizes tissue digestion, DCV staining, flow settings for sorting side population cells, and quantitation of radiolabeled DHT retention.
Finding an infection source under the SIS model (2013)

We consider the problem of identifying an infection source based only on an observed set of infected nodes in a network, assuming that the infection process follows a Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model. We derive an estimator based on estimating the most likely infection source associated with the most likely infection path. Simulation results on regular trees suggest that our estimator performs consistently better than the minimum distance centrality based heuristic.
Asymmetric synthesis of Î²-amino acid scaffolds (2001)

Addition of two or three equivalents of lithium (S)-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamide to conjugate acceptors containing two or three α,β-unsaturated ester fragments respectively and subsequent hydrogenolytic deprotection afford homochiral bis- or tris-β-amino esters containing two or three new stereogenic centres in high de and ee.
Inhibition of Glucocorticoid Receptor Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling by Okadaic Acid Requires Intact Cytoskeleton (1999)

It has been shown previously that glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) that have undergone hormone-dependent translocation to the nucleus and have subsequently exited the nucleus upon hormone withdrawal are unable to recycle into the nucleus if cells are treated during hormone withdrawal with okadaic acid, a cell-permeable inhibitor of certain serine/threonine protein phosphatases. Using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) GR chimera (GFP-GR), we report here that okadaic acid inhibition of steroid-dependent receptor recycling to the nucleus is abrogated in cells treated for 1 h with colcemid to eliminate microtubule networks prior to steroid addition. After withdrawal of colcemid, normal cytoskeletal architecture is restored and okadaic acid inhibition of steroid-dependent GFP-GR nuclear recycling is restored. When okadaic acid is present during hormone withdrawal, GR that is recycled to the cytoplasm becomes complexed with hsp90 and binds steroid, but it does not undergo the normal agonist-dependent dissociation from hsp90 upon retreatment with steroid. However, when the cytoskeleton is disrupted by colcemid, the GR in okadaic acid-treated cells recycles from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in an agonist-dependent manner without dissociating from hsp90. This suggests that under physiological conditions where the cytoskeleton is intact, a dephosphorylation event is required for loss of high affinity binding to hsp90 that is required for receptor translocation through the cytoplasm to the nucleus along cytoskeletal tracts.
3D volumetric ultrasound imaging with a 32&#x00D7;32 CMUT array integrated with front-end ICs using flip-chip bonding technology (2013)

3D ultrasound imaging is becoming increasingly prevalent in the medical field. Compared to conventional 2D imaging systems, 3D imaging can provide a detailed view of tissue structures that makes diagnosis easier for the physicians. In addition, 2D image slices can be formed at various orientations to the transducer, making the examination less dependent on the skill of the sonographer. However, various challenges exist in developing a 3D imaging system, such as integration of a large number of elements, as well as post-processing of datasets received from a large number of channels. 2D transducer arrays are typically integrated with custom ICs in the probe handle to perform some intermediate beamforming and to reduce the number of cable connections to the imaging system. Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have emerged as an alternative to piezoelectric transducers. Being a MEMS device, they greatly benefit from flexibility and ease of fabrication, and can be seamlessly integrated with electronics. Previous work demonstrates 3D stacking of CMUTs and dummy ICs with an intermediate interposer layer. However, that represents more of a mechanical demonstration of 3D integration. In this paper, we present a fully functional 3D ultrasound imaging system comprising a 32×32 2D CMUT array, 3D-stacked with front-end ICs using flip-chip bonding technology. The imaging system is capable of capturing real-time volumetric ultrasound data, and displaying 2D and 3D ultrasound images.
Structural Basis for a Kolbe-Type Decarboxylation Catalyzed by a Glycyl Radical Enzyme (2011)

4-Hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase is a [4Fe-4S] cluster containing glycyl radical enzyme proposed to use a glycyl/thiyl radical dyad to catalyze the last step of tyrosine fermentation in clostridia. The decarboxylation product p-cresol (4-methylphenol) is a virulence factor of the human pathogen Clostridium difficile . Here we describe the crystal structures at 1.75 and 1.81 Å resolution of substrate-free and substrate-bound 4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase from the related Clostridium scatologenes . The structures show a (βγ)(4) tetramer of heterodimers composed of a catalytic β-subunit harboring the putative glycyl/thiyl dyad and a distinct small γ-subunit with two [4Fe-4S] clusters at 40 Å distance from the active site. The γ-subunit comprises two domains displaying pseudo-2-fold symmetry that are structurally related to the [4Fe-4S] cluster-binding scaffold of high-potential iron-sulfur proteins. The N-terminal domain coordinates one cluster with one histidine and three cysteines, and the C-terminal domain coordinates the second cluster with four cysteines. Whereas the C-terminal cluster is buried in the βγ heterodimer interface, the N-terminal cluster is not part of the interface. The previously postulated decarboxylation mechanism required the substrate's hydroxyl group in the vicinity of the active cysteine residue. In contrast to expectation, the substrate-bound state shows a direct interaction between the substrate's carboxyl group and the active site Cys503, while His536 and Glu637 at the opposite side of the active site pocket anchor the hydroxyl group. This state captures a possible catalytically competent complex and suggests a Kolbe-type decarboxylation for p-cresol formation.
Structural and biophysical insight into cholesteryl ester-transfer protein (2011)

CETP (cholesteryl ester-transfer protein) is essential for neutral lipid transfer between HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and plays a critical role in the reverse cholesterol transfer pathway. In clinical trials, CETP inhibitors increase HDL levels and reduce LDL levels, and therefore may be used as a potential treatment for atherosclerosis. In this review, we cover the analysis of CETP structure and provide insights into CETP-mediated lipid transfer based on a collection of structural and biophysical data.