gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Heart-shaped Sleeve Simplifies Intramedullary Tibial Nail Insertion when Using the Suprapatellar Approach (2017)

The suprapatellar approach for intramedullary tibial nailing has become widely accepted over the past decade. A round sleeve is passed beneath the patella to protect the surface of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). However, the round sleeve cannot be easily stabilized in the PFJ because it does not conform to the shape of the patellar apex. Consequently, we produced a heart-shaped sleeve to simplify the insertion of the entry sleeve during the suprapatellar approach. Using the new sleeve, the following procedure is used: (1) make a longitudinal 4 cm skin incision proximal to the patella to reach the PFJ, (2) insert the guide pin manually to the ventral edge of the tibial plateau, (3) insert the cannulated trocar along the guide pin, (4) insert the heart-shaped sleeve along the cannulated trocar, (5) remove the cannulated trocar, (6) ream the entry point through the heart-shaped sleeve. Then, continue insertion of the nail in the standard manner. Among 44 patients (29 men, mean age 45.6 years, range 26-87 years) with tibial fractures treated between 2010 and 2015, the first 18 consecutive cases were performed using a round sleeve and the rest were performed using the heart-shaped sleeve. The surgery time until entry reaming commenced was 8.9 min (range 6-12 min) using the round sleeve and 6.2 min (range 3-12 min) using the heart-shaped sleeve (P < 0.05). The heart-shaped sleeve is easily stabilized in the PFJ and greatly simplifies the intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures using the suprapatellar approach.
Enhanced Thermal Management Using Encapsulated Phase Change Materials: An Overview (1999)

Abstract Since 1983, investigators at Triangle Research and Development Corporation have pioneered the research and development of encapsulated phase change materials through 25 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) programs for NASA, DOD (USAF, NAVY, USMC, SDIO and SOCOM), NSF, USDA and HHS (NIOSH). Additional programs by licensees have also shown how these novel particles can produce superior apparel and coolant products. For pumped systems, two-component coolant slurries have demonstrated up to 40X (4,000%) improvement in the fluid’s effective thermal capacitance with up to 3X (300%) increase in the Nusselt Number within isothermal coolant loops for NASA, USAF and NAVY. MicroPCM machining coolants have also demonstrated enhanced heat transport along with significant reductions in tool wear, thermal distortions and coolant emissions for NSF and NIOSH. For un-pumped passive systems, microPCM powders have been added to textile fibers, and apparel foams for 10X enhancement in thermal storage. MicroPCM coatings are being developed for numerous agricultural applications for NSF and the USDA. PCMs are also being macroencapsulated for garments in high heat stress applications with the USMC. Numerous products are now being introduced to global markets using this advanced technology. This paper will address the above applications in an overview that will also provide an introduction to the other papers in this session.
Orbiting transmission source for positron tomography (1988)

Accidental suppression and effective data rates have been measured for the orbiting transmission source as implemented in the Donner 600-crystal positron-emission tomograph (PET). A mechanical description of the orbiting source and a description of the electronics used to discard scattered and accidental events are included. Since accidental coincidences were the rate-limiting factor in transmission data acquisition, this method allows sufficient transmission data to be acquired in a shorter time with a more-active transmission source.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards low-resource prosodic boundary detection. (2014)

In this study we propose a method of prosodic boundary detection based only on acoustic cues which are easily extractable from the speech signal and without any supervision. Drawing a parallel between the process of language acquisition in babies and the speech processing techniques for under-resourced languages, we take advantage of the findings of several psycholinguistic studies relative to the cues used by babies for the identification of prosodic boundaries. Several durational and pitch cues were investigated, by themselves or in a combination, and relatively good performances were achieved. The best result obtained, a combination of all the cues, compares well against a previously proposed approach, without relying on any learning method or any lexical or syntactic cues. Index Terms- Prosodic boundaries, acoustic cues, prosody recognition
Laser-based fabrication of a displacement sensor with an integrated high-accuracy position sensor (2006)

We present a high-accuracy force or displacement sensor made only of fused silica. This device merges integrated optics and micro-mechanics in a monolithic substrate. It differs from previous micro force sensor works in that the measured variable is acquired optically, rather than electrically. The device was manufactured using a combination of femtosecond laser pulses and chemical etching. A single manufacturing step was used to define both the optical and the mechanical features. This approach dramatically simplifies the overall fabrication and eliminates alignment issues associated with sequential fabrication processes. Our displacement sensor is composed of a mobile platform and a fixed frame. These components are linked together through sixteen high-aspect ratio double-compound flexures. This design firmly restrains the motion of the platform along a single axis. The range of motion exceeds 1-millimeter. Integrated waveguides are used to measure the displacement of the displacement with accuracy better than 50-nm.
An ultrahigh-speed AlGaAs-GaAs polarization converter using slow-wave coplanar electrodes (1998)

A wide-band electrooptic polarization converter has been fabricated using slow-wave coplanar-strip electrodes on an AlGaAs-GaAs substrate. Microwave characteristics of the electrode have been measured up to 40 GHz. The microwave loss and the microwave index at 40 GHz are 0.4 Np/cm and 3.4, respectively. The optical measurements were done up to 20 GHz; a flat frequency response was observed.
New MR Imaging Assessment Tool to Define Brain Abnormalities in Very Preterm Infants at Term (2013)

Very preterm infants demonstrate a high prevalence of injury and growth impairment in both the WM and gray matter. This MR imaging scoring system provides a more comprehensive and objective classification of the nature and extent of abnormalities than existing measures.
Fast Panoramic Stereo Matching Using Cylindrical Maximum Surfaces (2004)

This paper presents a fast panoramic stereo matching algorithm using a cylindrical maximum surface technique. The disparity for a pair of panoramic images is found in a cylindrical shaped correlation coefficient volume by obtaining the maximum surface rather than simply choosing a position that gives the maximum correlation coefficient value. The use of our cylindrical maximum surface technique ensures that the disparities obtained at the left and the right columns of the panoramic stereo images are properly constrained. Typical running time for a pair of 1324 x 120 images is about 0.33 s on a 1.7-GHz PC. A variety of real images have been tested, and good results have been obtained.
Inhibition of posterior capsule opacification by an intraocular-lens-bound sustained drug delivery system: An experimental animal study and literature review (1996)

In the rabbit eye, slow release of daunorubicin reduced PCO formation by approximately 50%. It must be determined whether the endothelial side effects are specific to the rabbit species or whether the human cornea is as sensitive. The principle of the IOL-bound SDDS and the evaluation procedure can be standardized and used for systematic tests in the future.
Surface flatness after bone cutting: A cadaver study of tibial condyles (1991)

A methodologic study with which the cut surface could be quantified was performed on cadaveric tibial bone prepared for endoprosthetic components. Using sterilized, dental-imprint material and measuring with a Zeiss UMC 850, the characteristics of the cut surface were defined. A clinically flat surface was found to be uneven, with a maximum roughness between the uppermost and lowermost points of 1.0 and 2.4 mm for the bone surface and between 1.2 and 2.3 mm for the imprint. The flatness, defined as the standard deviation of the measuring points, was between 0.15 and 0.40 mm for the bone and 0.20 and 0.42 mm for the imprint. This lack of flatness creates gaps between the prosthesis and the bone.
Diet‐Derived Advanced Glycation End Products Are Major Contributors to the Body's AGE Pool and Induce Inflammation in Healthy Subjects (2005)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds that form continuously in the body. Their rate of endogenous formation is markedly increased in diabetes mellitus, a condition in which AGEs play a major pathological role. It is also known, however, that AGEs form during the cooking of foods, primarily as the result of the application of heat. This review focuses on the generation of AGEs during the cooking of food, the gastrointestinal absorption of these compounds, and their biological effects in vitro and in vivo. We also present preliminary evidence of a direct association between dietary AGE intake and markers of systemic inflammation such as C-reactive protein in a large group of healthy subjects. Together with previous evidence from diabetics and renal failure patients, these data suggest that dietary AGEs may play an important role in the causation of chronic diseases associated with underlying inflammation.
The carboxyl-terminal domain of lipoprotein lipase binds to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor (LRP) and mediates binding of normal very low density lipoproteins to LRP. (1994)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) binds with high affinity to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor (LRP) and promotes binding, uptake, and degradation of normal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in a process mediated by LRP (Chappell, D. A., Fry, G. L., Naknitx, M.A., Muhonen, L. E., Pladet, M. W., Iverius, P-H., and Strickland, D. K. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 14168-14175). To localize the portion of LPL that is responsible for interacting with LRP, fragments of LPL were expressed in bacteria. A fragment of human LPL containing the COOH-terminal domain (residues 313-448, designated LPLC) which lacks the catalytic site was able to bind to LRP. Purified LRP bound specifically to microtiter wells coated with LPL or LPLC with KD values of 2.8 and 5 nM, respectively. The effects of several mutations of LPLC were tested. Mutation of Lys407 to Ala reduced the affinity of LPLC for LRP by approximately 10-fold. Like native LPL, LPLC prevented the binding of activated alpha 2-macroglobulin and the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein to LRP and inhibited the internalization and degradation of activated alpha 2-macroglobulin and receptor-associated protein in cultured fibroblasts. LPLC also bound to 125I-labeled human normal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and promoted their binding to purified LRP and to cultured cells. Mutation of Trp393 and Trp394 to Ala completely abolished the ability of LPLC to bind to lipoproteins, but had little effect on its interaction with LRP. These data indicate that the COOH-terminal domain of LPL may function both in binding lipoproteins and mediating their interaction with LRP.
Motor neurons and oligodendrocytes arise from distinct cell lineages by progenitor recruitment (2015)

During spinal cord development, ventral neural progenitor cells that express the transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2, called pMN progenitors, produce motor neurons and then oligodendrocytes. Whether motor neurons and oligodendrocytes arise from common or distinct progenitors in vivo is not known. Using zebrafish, we found that motor neurons and oligodendrocytes are produced sequentially by distinct progenitors that have distinct origins. When olig2(+) cells were tracked during the peak period of motor neuron formation, most differentiated as motor neurons without further cell division. Using time-lapse imaging, we found that, as motor neurons differentiated, more dorsally positioned neuroepithelial progenitors descended to the pMN domain and initiated olig2 expression. Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling during motor neuron differentiation blocked the ventral movement of progenitors, the progressive initiation of olig2 expression, and oligodendrocyte formation. We therefore propose that the motor neuron-to-oligodendrocyte switch results from Hedgehog-mediated recruitment of glial-fated progenitors to the pMN domain subsequent to neurogenesis.
A New Plastic Material— AXF (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Plastic Material— AXFS. D. Shinkle, A. E. Brooks, and G. H. CadyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1936, 28, 3, 275–280Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50315a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50315a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Side Effects of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs (2004)

Recently there has been increased concern over the side effects of the atypical antipsychotic drugs, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity. The relationship between diabetes and antipsychotic drugs requires a careful analysis. Patients with schizophrenia are known to suffer from diabetes more often than the general population. In addition, a number of case reports indicate that the conventional antipsychotic as well as atypical antipsychotic drugs produce diabetes. Clozapine and olanzapine, in particular, have been implicated producing diabetes as well as diabetic ketoacidosis. Epidemiological surveys have supplemented the case reports, finding increased incidence of diabetes in patients treated with atypical antipsychotic agents, but these surveys have not yielded consistent results regarding the differential effects of the various atypical antipsychotic drugs. The mechanism by which antipsychotic agents produce diabetes is not elucidated. Weight gain and consequent alteration in triglycerides and cholesterol have been known to occur frequently with olanzapine and clozapine. The ensuing metabolic syndrome itself may cause insulin resistance and diabetes. In the absence of definitive scientific data on the differential effects of antipsychotic drugs in inducing diabetes, clinical prudence and careful monitoring of all patients on atypical antipsychotic drugs is necessary. Aripiprazole and ziprasidone have not been shown to increase weight or produce diabetes, but more information on the diabetogenic effects of ziprasidone and aripiprazole is needed. In order to assess the differential effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs in producing diabetes and the mechanisms by which they produce this reaction, further research is necessary.
Effects of vitamin E deficiency on autonomic neuroeffector mechanisms in the rat caecum, vas deferens and urinary bladder. (1995)

1. Modified sucrose-gap, standard organ-bath techniques and transmitter release studies were used to examine neuromuscular transmission in the caecum, vas deferens and urinary bladder in normal rats and in rats maintained for 12 months on a diet free of vitamin E. 2. In the caecum circular muscle, non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory junction potentials were absent from 48 and 15% of preparations from vitamin E-deficient and control animals, respectively. Cholinergic excitatory junction potentials were absent from 83 and 8% of vitamin E-deficient and control preparations, respectively. Responses to applied noradrenaline (0.1-30 microM), alpha,beta-methylene ATP (3-100 microM) and acetylcholine (0.1-30 microM) were attenuated or absent in vitamin E-deficient tissues. Responses to applied KCl were similar in both groups. Release of [3H]noradrenaline or endogenous acetylcholine could not be evoked from vitamin E-deficient tissues. 3. In contrast, in isolated preparations of the vas deferens and urinary bladder, neuromuscular transmission by adrenergic, cholinergic and purinergic components were unaffected by long-term vitamin E deficiency. 4. In conclusion, vitamin E deficiency causes dysfunction of autonomic neuroeffector mechanisms in the smooth muscle of the rat caecum, at both a pre- and postjunctional level. The lesions in autonomic transmission mechanisms brought about by long-term vitamin E deficiency were found only in the caecum; no changes in sympathetic neuromuscular transmission were observed in the vas deferens, or in parasympathetic neuromuscular transmission in the urinary bladder.
Tolfenamic Acid and Migraine‐Aspects on Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes (1994)

Migraine is a paroxysmal disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of headache, with or without associated visual and gastrointestinal disturbances. Migraine can be classified in two main groups, common and classic. Theories trying to explain the pathogenesis of a migraine attack may emphasize either the central or peripheral aspects of the disease. The vascular theory may stress the importance of either central or peripheral blood flow or both. Cerebral vasoconstriction in the early phases of the attack is followed by vasodilatation and pain. Biochemical mediators of vascular responses are not exactly known, but platelets and 5-hydroxytryptamine and thromboxane released from them as well as noradrenaline are potent vasoconstrictors, while kinins and prostaglandins can explain the vasodilatory phase of migraine attacks. This review presents evidence for the role of arachidonic acid metabolites, prostaglandins and leukotrienes in migraine. The evidence comes from the measurements of eicosanoids in biological fluids during and after the attack, infusion studies where vasodilatory prostaglandins mimic the migraneous symptoms, and the good effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment and prophylaxis of migraine attacks. Additional data are based on experimental biochemical studies in which catecholamines and indolamines have been shown to increase the synthesis of vasodilatory prostaglandins. However, the final evidence still awaits its confirmation.
New array lens optical system for large-area micromachining lithography (1996)

A new optical system has recently been designed, built, and tested to meet the demands of large area lithography applications. The new optical system is referred to as Scanning Array Lens LithographY (SALLY) and is based on the well-known Wynne Dyson 1:1 projection lens configuration that has found widespread use in the IC, thin-film head, and micromachining industries. Recent advances in the areas of optical design, alignment, assembly and packaging have led to the development of an array lens that essentially projects a single elongated field that can be extended to span the width of any substrate. This enables a substrate to be exposed in a single scanning motion. The array lens is composed of multiple compact, catadioptric lens relays having trapezoidal shaped image fields that are positioned in an alternating and overlapping fashion. The resulting imaging capability is indistinguishable from that which would be accomplished by a single very large, well-corrected lens. Features exposed in the transition between separate fields exhibit no visible variations in their structures. This paper describes a three field prototype SALLY system composed of lens relays with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.10 designed to include the g- and h-lines of the mercury spectrum. This NA was selected to provide a useful combination of resolution, depth-of-focus, and exposure irradiance for a range of applications including micromachining. Test results demonstrate a seamless transition between separate image fields and resolution of equal line/space patterns down to 2.3 micrometers . Thick resist film imagery showing thickness to linewidth aspect ratios of up to 4:1 using conventional application and development techniques are also shown.
Effects of hydrogen pretreatment on physical-vapor-deposited nickel catalyst for multi-walled carbon nanotube growth (2010)

Physical vapor deposited nickel catalyst layers of 10, 50, 100, 200, 350, and 500 angstroms were granulated using hydrogen plasma for varying times to determine an effective carbon nanotube (CNT) growth process using microwave plasma enhanced CVD (MPECVD). Nickel was deposited via sputtering or evaporation. The catalyst granule size, density, and resulting CNTs were analyzed. Sputtered nickel of 50 angstroms with 5 minutes of hydrogen plasma pretreatment resulted in the most effective CNT growth.
Cloning, sequencing and expression of the<i>Taq</i>I restriction-modification system (1987)

The Taq I modification and restriction genes (recognition sequence TCGA) have been cloned in E. coli and their DNA sequences have been determined. Both proteins were characterized and the N-terminal sequence of the endonuclease was determined. The genes have the same transcriptional orientation with the methylase gene 5' to the endonuclease gene. The methylase gene is 1089 bp in length (363 amino acids, 40,576 daltons); the endonuclease gene is 702 bp in length (234 amino acids, 27,523 daltons); they are separated by 132 bp. Both methylase and endonuclease activity can be detected in cell extracts. The clones fully modify the vector and chromosomal DNA but they fail to restrict infecting phage. Clones carrying only the restriction gene are viable even in the absence of modification. The restriction gene contains 7 Taq I sites; the modification gene contains none. This asymmetric distribution of sites could be important in the regulation of the expression of the endonuclease gene.