gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rice-bran lipids: a review (1987)

Aspects such as isolation and fractionation of rice bran lipids are covered, as well as characteristics of lipids including neutral lipids, glycolipids, glycerolipids, phospholipids, ceramides and wax lipids of rice bran.
Optimal activation of tumor-reactive T cells by selected antigenic peptide analogues (1999)

Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain why immune responses against human tumor antigens are generally ineffective. For example, tumor cells have been shown to develop active immune evasion mechanisms. Another possibility is that tumor antigens are unable to optimally stimulate tumor-specific T cells. In this study we have used HLA-A2/Melan-A peptide tetramers to directly isolate antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells from tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes. This allowed us to quantify the activation requirements of a representative polyclonal yet monospecific tumor-reactive T cell population. The results obtained from quantitative assays of intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, TCR down-regulation, cytokine production and induction of effector cell differentiation indicate that the naturally produced Melan-A peptides are weak agonists and are clearly suboptimal for T cell activation. In contrast, optimal T cell activation was obtained by stimulation with recently defined peptide analogues. These findings provide a molecular basis for the low immunogenicity of tumor cells and suggest that patient immunization with full agonist peptide analogues may be essential for stimulation and maintenance of anti-tumor T cell responses in vivo.
Noninvasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow in Mice Using Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Indocyanine Green (2012)

In preclinical studies of ischemic brain disorders, it is crucial to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF); however, this requires radiological techniques with heavy instrumentation or invasive procedures. Here, we propose a noninvasive and easy-to-use optical imaging technique for measuring CBF in experimental small animals. Mice were injected with indocyanine green (ICG) via tail-vein catheterization. Time-series near-infrared fluorescence signals excited by 760 nm light-emitting diodes were imaged overhead by a charge-coupled device coupled with an 830 nm bandpass-filter. We calculated four CBF parameters including arrival time, rising time and mean transit time of a bolus and blood flow index based on time and intensity information of ICG fluorescence dynamics. CBF maps were generated using the parameters to estimate the status of CBF, and they dominantly represented intracerebral blood flows in mice even in the presence of an intact skull and scalp. We demonstrated that this noninvasive optical imaging technique successfully detected reduced local CBF during middle cerebral artery occlusion. We further showed that the proposed method is sufficiently sensitive to detect the differences between CBF status in mice anesthetized with either isoflurane or ketamine-xylazine, and monitor the dynamic changes in CBF after reperfusion during transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The near-infrared optical imaging of ICG fluorescence combined with a time-series analysis of the molecular dynamics can be a useful noninvasive tool for preclinical studies of brain ischemia.
Diagnosing dynamic faults using modular neural nets (1993)

The use of radial basis function networks (RBFNs) for diagnosis and classification is discussed. Even though RBFNs can be trained quickly compared to backpropagation networks, the training effort is still significant for large-scale diagnosis problems. Rho-Net, an architecture that decomposes the dynamic classification problem in two ways, making such training tractable, is presented. The first decomposition reduces the amount of training data needed for any stage of the training process by constructing separate networks for each fault class. The second decomposition reduces the dimensionality of the input space by incorporating temporal information at the output of the network, instead of as a temporal window at the input of the net. Application of Rho-Nets to chemical process simulation is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coupled-Transmission-Line Directional Couplers with Coupled Lines of Unequal Characteristic Impedances (1966)

A new class of coupled-transmission-line directional couplers, called "nonsymmetrical directional couplers," is described. Unlike conventional directional couplers, nonsymmetrical directional couplers use coupled lines of unequal characteristic impedances. The principal difference between the performance of nonsymmetrical directional couplers and that of conventional designs is the impedance level of the coupled waves, which may be changed to higher or lower impedance levels than that of the incident wave. These directional couplers may be designed to have infinite directivity and to be matched at all frequencies, or they may be designed to have infinite directivity at all frequencies and a specified maximum VSWR. Coupling relationships and design equations for both cases are presented, and the relative properties of both cases are discussed. The theoretical limitation on the maximum coupling and the maximum impedance transformation that can be obtained simultaneously are derived. Techniques for broadbanding by cascading additional sections of coupled limes are described. Experimental results of a trial --10-dB coupler with coupled lines of 50 and 75 ohms are presented.
Optical transition radiation beam emittance diagnostics (1994)

We have developed several analytic and experimental techniques to measure the divergence and emittance of charged particle beams, which employ optical transition radiation (OTR) produced from thin intercepting foils. OTR’s directionality, promptness, linearity, polarization, and the sensitivity of its angular distribution to energy and divergence, can be all exploited to diagnose the spatial distribution, energy, and emittance of a charged particle beam. We describe the techniques we have developed to separately determine the x and y emittances of a beam at an x or y waist using OTR from a single foil or a two foil OTR interferometer. These methods have proven to be especially valuable for diagnosing low emittance electron beams produced by FEL accelerators, which range in energy from 17 to 110 Mev. However, we have shown that there is no inherent theoretical limit to the utility of these methods for much higher energy lepton or hadron beams. The advantages of OTR methods over those commonly used to diagnose beam properties are described.
A chimeric alpha-glucan phosphorylase of plant type L and H isozymes. Functional role of 78-residue insertion in type L isozyme. (1993)

Higher plant tissues such as potato tuber and leaf contain two alpha-glucan phosphorylase isozymes designated types L and H. Although the sequences of the two isozymes are highly conserved except for a 78-residue insertion found uniquely in the type L isozyme, they differ strikingly in affinities for substrates. To examine whether the insertion in the type L isozyme plays a role in enzymic functions, particularly in substrate specificities, we have constructed a chimeric enzyme, in which a 189-residue sequence of the type L isozyme including the insertion and its flanking regions is replaced by the corresponding sequence (112 residues) of the type H isozyme lacking the insertion. The gene for the chimeric enzyme as well as the cDNA for the type L isozyme were expressed at a low temperature in Escherichia coli cells under the control of the strong T7 RNA polymerase promoter. The purified chimeric phosphorylase was five times less active than the parent type L isozyme, but its affinity for glycogen was much higher than that of the type L isozyme and only slightly lower than that of the type H isozyme. The Michaelis constants of the chimeric enzyme for small oligosaccharides were comparable with those of the type L isozyme. These results provide evidence for the role of the 78-residue insertion in the type L isozyme, lowering the affinity of the enzyme for large, branched substrates probably through steric hindrance. It is also assumed that the corresponding region in the type H isozyme contains a high affinity site like the glycogen storage site occurring in the animal enzyme.
Beiträge zur Flora Kleinasiens. I (1926)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
IoT Sentinel Demo: Automated Device-Type Identification for Security Enforcement in IoT (2017)

The emergence of numerous new manufacturers producing devices for the Internet-of-Things (IoT) has given rise to new security concerns. Many IoT devices exhibit security flaws making them vulnerable for attacks and manufacturers have difficulties in providing appropriate security patches to their products in a timely and user-friendly manner. In this paper, we present our implementation of IoT Sentinel, which is a system aimed at protecting the user's network from vulnerable IoT devices. IoT Sentinel automatically identifies vulnerable devices when they are first introduced to the network and enforces appropriate traffic filtering rules to protect other devices from the threats originating from the vulnerable devices.
Tunable Direct Writing of FBGs into a Non-Photosensitive Tm-Doped Fiber Core with an fs Laser and Phase Mask (2009)

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are successfully written in a non-photosensitive Tm-doped single-mode fiber by a 800 nm fs laser and a 2.7 μm period phase mask. The intra-core FBGs are written using the phase mask ±1 order interference, and have a period of 1.35 μm, which responds to the second-order reflective central wavelength at 1946.4 nm. Based on the magnification tuning writing technology, the tunable writing technology is also experimentally investigated. The distance between the phase mask and the fiber, between the phase mask and the tuning lens, and the focal length of the tuning lens all have an influence on the tunable characteristics. Four different FBGs tuning refiective central wavelengths located at 1958.7 nm, 1970.8 nm, 1882.5 nm and 1899.7 nm are obtained.
Profiling Protease Specificity: Combining Yeast ER Sequestration Screening (YESS) with Next Generation Sequencing (2016)

An enzyme engineering technology involving yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sequestration screening (YESS) has been recently developed. Here, a new method is established, in which the YESS platform is combined with NextGen sequencing (NGS) to enable a comprehensive survey of protease specificity. In this approach, a combinatorial substrate library is targeted to the yeast ER and transported through the secretory pathway, interacting with any protease(s) residing in the ER. Multicolor FACS screening is used to isolate cells labeled with fluorophore-conjugated antibodies, followed by NGS to profile the cleaved substrates. The YESS-NGS method was successfully applied to profile the sequence specificity of the wild-type and an engineered variant of the tobacco etch mosaic virus protease. Proteolysis in the yeast secretory pathway was also mapped for the first time in vivo revealing a major cleavage pattern of Ali/Leu-X-Lys/Arg-Arg. Here Ali is any small aliphatic residue, but especially Leu. This pattern was verified to be due to the well-known endogenous protease Kex2 after comparison to a newly generated Kex2 knockout strain as well as cleavage of peptides with recombinant Kex2 in vitro. This information is particularly important for those using yeast display technology, as library members with Ali/Leu-X-Lys/Arg-Arg patterns are likely being removed from screens via Kex2 cleavage without the researcher's knowledge.
Receptor-mediated exopolysaccharide perception controls bacterial infection (2015)

Surface polysaccharides are important for bacterial interactions with multicellular organisms, and some are virulence factors in pathogens. In the legume-rhizobium symbiosis, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are essential for the development of infected root nodules. We have identified a gene in Lotus japonicus, Epr3, encoding a receptor-like kinase that controls this infection. We show that epr3 mutants are defective in perception of purified EPS, and that EPR3 binds EPS directly and distinguishes compatible and incompatible EPS in bacterial competition studies. Expression of Epr3 in epidermal cells within the susceptible root zone shows that the protein is involved in bacterial entry, while rhizobial and plant mutant studies suggest that Epr3 regulates bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer. Finally, we show that Epr3 expression is inducible and dependent on host perception of bacterial nodulation (Nod) factors. Plant-bacterial compatibility and bacterial access to legume roots is thus regulated by a two-stage mechanism involving sequential receptor-mediated recognition of Nod factor and EPS signals.
User evaluation of mobile augmented reality scenarios (2012)

Augmented reality (AR) technologies are becoming state-of-the-art in the mobile technology domain. However, developing successful end user services around AR is still in its infancy, which is partially resulting from the lack of user research regardi
Rat G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase GRK4: Identification, Functional Expression, and Differential Tissue Distribution of Two Splice Variants* (1998)

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) specifically phosphorylate the agonist-occupied form of G protein-coupled receptors, leading to the homologous mode of desensitization. We report here on the cloning of complementary DNAs that encode two rat GRK4 variants. Rat GRK4A (575 amino acids) displays 76% identity with the long human GRK4 splice variant. Rat GRK4B (545 amino acids) delineates a new variant that is identical to GRK4A except for a 31-amino acid deletion in the N-terminal domain, corresponding to exon VI in the human GRK4 gene. GRKs4A and B are likely produced by alternative splicing from a single gene, the partial characterization of which revealed a structural organization similar to that of the human GRK4 gene. GRK4A messenger RNA (mRNA) is abundant only in testis. A combination of in situ hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR studies demonstrated that GRK4A mRNA level increases during testicular development and predominates in leptotene to late pachytene primary spermatocytes and round spermatids. GRK4B mRNA is poorly expressed in testis and most rat tissues but is heterogeneously distributed in the kidney, with 20-fold enrichment in the outer medulla. GRKs4A and B are both functional protein kinases, as demonstrated in a rhodopsin phosphorylation assay. The differential tissue distribution of GRKA4 and GRK4B suggests that individual GRK4 variants may serve distinct physiological functions.
Selective changes in hippocampal neuropeptide Y neurons following removal of the cholinergic septal inputs (1997)

The number and distribution of subpopulations of hilar interneurons containing neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivities were examined in the hilus of the dentate gyrus following removal of the cholinergic septal inputs. One, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after intracerebroventricular injections of immunotoxin, consisting of antibody to the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor conjugated to saporin (192 IgG-saporin), lesioned rats were processed simultaneously with controls for NPY, SOM, or GABA immunolabeling. Across all time points, the number of NPY-labeled neurons was reduced to a statistically significant level (paired t-test, P = 0.001) in the injected rats (73% of control values, on average). The decrease in the number of NPY-labeled neurons was not limited to any particular subregion rostrally but appeared greater in the central region caudally. The size of NPY-labeled neurons did not differ statistically between control and immunolesioned rats examined at 1, 2, and 24 week time points. In contrast, the number of both SOM- and GABA-immunoreactive neurons in injected rats did not appear to be affected in any consistent manner. Examination of the hilus in adjacent Nissl-stained sections with the optical dissector revealed that although the total number of small nonprincipal cells (5-15 microm in diameter) did not appear affected at the 4-week time point, there was a statistically significant (P = 0.03) reduction across the 8-24-week time points (to 80% of control values, on average). Dual-labeling studies on separate rats showed that a small subpopulation of the NPY- and SOM-labeled neurons, primarily in the infragranular hilus, were colocalized with neurons containing GABA immunoreactivity (18% and 5%, respectively). These studies demonstrate that removal of the cholinergic septal inputs (1) can cause relatively rapid, selective decreases in the number of NPY-immunoreactive hippocampal interneurons and (2) appears to lead to the death of hippocampal interneurons over a longer time course. The changes in NPY immunoreactivity seem to occur in the portion of interneurons that probably does not contain either SOM or GABA immunoreactivity.
Gene‐specific correlation of <scp>RNA</scp> and protein levels in human cells and tissues (2016)

An important issue for molecular biology is to establish whether transcript levels of a given gene can be used as proxies for the corresponding protein levels. Here, we have developed a targeted proteomics approach for a set of human non-secreted proteins based on parallel reaction monitoring to measure, at steady-state conditions, absolute protein copy numbers across human tissues and cell lines and compared these levels with the corresponding mRNA levels using transcriptomics. The study shows that the transcript and protein levels do not correlate well unless a gene-specific RNA-to-protein (RTP) conversion factor independent of the tissue type is introduced, thus significantly enhancing the predictability of protein copy numbers from RNA levels. The results show that the RTP ratio varies significantly with a few hundred copies per mRNA molecule for some genes to several hundred thousands of protein copies per mRNA molecule for others. In conclusion, our data suggest that transcriptome analysis can be used as a tool to predict the protein copy numbers per cell, thus forming an attractive link between the field of genomics and proteomics.
A new synthesis of compounds with cobalt-to-tin bonds (1966)

Insertion of tin(II) halides into [Co(CO)3L]2 compounds gives [trans-(CO)3LCo]2SnX2[X = Cl, Br, I; L = CO, Ph3P, Bun3P, or (PhO)3P], which were converted into the corresponding diethyl-, diphenyl-, or monophenylchloro-derivatives by Grignard reagents. The infrared spectra and a possible mechanism are discussed.
MicroRNA-27 (miR-27) Targets Prohibitin and Impairs Adipocyte Differentiation and Mitochondrial Function in Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells (2013)

Prohibitin (PHB) has been reported to play a crucial role in adipocyte differentiation and mitochondrial function. However, the regulative mechanism of PHB during adipogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we determined that the levels of both microRNA (miR)-27a and miR-27b were down-regulated following adipogenic induction of human adipose-derived stem cells, whereas the mRNA level of PHB was up-regulated. Overexpression of miR-27a or miR-27b inhibited PHB expression and adipocyte differentiation. Using PHB 3'-UTR luciferase reporter assay, we observed that miR-27a and miR-27b directly targeted PHB in human adipose-derived stem cells. A compensation of PHB partially restored the adipogenesis inhibited by miR-27. Moreover, we demonstrated the novel finding that ectopic expression of miR-27a or miR-27b impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, structure integrity, and complex I activity accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species production. Our data suggest that miR-27 is an anti-adipogenic microRNA partly by targeting PHB and impairing mitochondrial function. Pharmacological modulation of miR-27 function may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity.
The Multifaceted Proprotein Convertases: Their Unique, Redundant, Complementary, and Opposite Functions (2013)

The secretory proprotein convertase (PC) family comprises nine members: PC1/3, PC2, furin, PC4, PC5/6, PACE4, PC7, SKI-1/S1P, and PCSK9. The first seven PCs cleave their substrates at single or paired basic residues, and SKI-1/S1P cleaves its substrates at non-basic residues in the Golgi. PCSK9 cleaves itself once, and the secreted inactive protease escorts specific receptors for lysosomal degradation. It regulates the levels of circulating LDL cholesterol and is considered a major therapeutic target in phase III clinical trials. In vivo, PCs exhibit unique and often essential functions during development and/or in adulthood, but certain convertases also exhibit complementary, redundant, or opposite functions.
A Single Network Adaptive Critic-Based Redundancy Resolution Scheme for Robot Manipulators (2011)

This paper proposes an adaptive critic-based real-time redundancy resolution scheme for kinematic control of a redundant manipulator. The kinematic control of the redundant manipulator is formulated as a discrete-time input affine system, and then, an optimal real-time redundancy resolution scheme is proposed. The optimal control law is derived in real time using an adaptive critic framework. The proposed single network adaptive critic-based methodology defines the additional task in terms of integral cost function which results in global optimal solution. With adaptive critic-based optimal control scheme, the optimal redundancy resolution is achieved in real time without the computation of inverse, which makes the method computationally efficient. The problem formulation as proposed in this paper is first of its kinds. Furthermore, the real-time optimal redundancy resolution using an integral cost function has been comprehensively solved, which is also a novel contribution. The proposed scheme is tested in both simulation and experiment on a seven-degree-of-freedom PowerCube manipulator from Amtec Robotics.
Coloring Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells <i>via</i> Dielectric Mirrors (2016)

While perovskite-based semitransparent solar cells for window applications show competitive levels of transparency and efficiency compared to organic photovoltaics, the color perception of the perovskite films is highly restricted because band gap engineering results in losses in power conversion efficiencies. To overcome the limitation in visual aesthetics, we combined semitransparent perovskite solar cells with dielectric mirrors. This approach enables one to tailor the device appearance to almost any desired color and simultaneously offers additional light harvesting for the solar cell. In the present work, opto-electrical effects are investigated through quantum efficiency and UV-to-visible spectroscopic measurements. Likewise, a detailed chromaticity analysis, featuring the transmissive and reflective color perception of the device including the mirror, from both sides and in different illumination conditions, is presented and analyzed. Photocurrent density enhancement of up to 21% along with overall device transparency values of up to 31% (4.2% efficiency) is demonstrated for cells showing a colored aesthetic appeal. Finally, a series of simulations emulating the device chromaticity, transparency, and increased photocurrent density as a function of the photoactive layer thickness and the design wavelength of the dielectric mirror are presented. Our simulations and their experimental validation enabled us to establish the design rules that consider the color efficiency/transparency interplay for real applications.