gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Experiments of Buckling Modes and Deflection of Fixed-Guided Beams in Compliant Mechanisms (2011)

This paper explores the deflection and buckling of fixed-guided beams used in compliant mechanisms. The paper’s main contributions include the addition of an axial deflection model to existing beam bending models, the exploration of the deflection domain of a fixed-guided beam, and the demonstration that nonlinear finite element models typically incorrectly predict a beam’s buckling mode unless unrealistic constraints are placed on the beam. It uses an analytical model for predicting the reaction forces, moments, and buckling modes of a fixed-guided beam undergoing large deflections. The model for the bending behavior of the beam is found using elliptic integrals. A model for the axial deflection of the buckling beam is also developed. These two models are combined to predict the performance of a beam undergoing large deflections including higher order buckling modes. The force versus displacement predictions of the model are compared to the experimental force versus deflection data of a bistable mechanism and a thermomechanical in-plane microactuator (TIM). The combined models show good agreement with the force versus deflection data for each device.
Production of an atomic oxygen beam by a nozzle-beam-type microwave radical source (1995)

Characteristics of a nozzle-beam-type microwave radical source are described. This source generates microwave plasma in a space between a nozzle and a skimmer to excite a processing gas. The source has a nozzle of 0.6 mm aperture, followed by a 1.2 mm skimmer, and gases pass through the skimmer so that a molecular beam contains radicals. The total atomic oxygen flux is 1.8×1016 atoms/s at a power of 130 W and an O2 flow rate of 2 SCCM. It is possible to optimize the beam profile by varying the combination of the nozzle and the skimmer. Thus, a high-density radical source with a compact structure and low power consumption is realized. This source is promising for oxide film growth in an ultrahigh vacuum processing.
Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma by real-time ultrasonography. A prospective study (1985)

For early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), real-time ultrasonography (US) was performed prospectively in 528 patients, including 236 with cirrhosis, 81 with chronic hepatitis, 168 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, and 43 with a family history of HCC. Simultaneous measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was also done. In addition, 233 patients had regular controls at 3- to 6-month intervals, with an average follow-up period of 1.4 years. On initial screening, a total of 17 patients were found to have HCC: 13 in the cirrhotic group, 3 in the HCC family group, and 1 in the asymptomatic carriers. Of these HCCs, 7 were smaller than 3 cm, 6 were between 3 to 5 cm, and 4 were larger than 5 cm. In patients with tumors smaller than 5 cm, the AFP levels were normal in 46.2%, between 20 to 400 ng/ml in another 46.2%, and only 7.6% were over 400 ng/ml. On follow-up, another seven patients, all in the cirrhotic group, were found to have HCCs varying from 1.6 to 4.7 cm; three of them had normal serum AFP level. The authors conclude that real-time US is more sensitive than AFP assay in early detection of HCC, and the high-risk subjects should receive this procedure at regular intervals.
User Selection for the MIMO Broadcast Channel with a Fairness Constraint (2007)

In this paper, we present a user selection scheme with a fairness constraint when zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) transmission is employed in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channel. This problem can be reduced to the maximization of a weighted sum rate with a power constraint. In this paper, we first derive a lower bound on the weighted sum rate. Roughly speaking, this bound is inversely proportional to the Frobenius norm of the inverse of the weighted composite channel matrix. We then present a greedy algorithm to select the users that maximize this lower bound, using the same technique in J. Wang et al. Finally, we show that this approach achieves the same scaling law as DPC does as presented in M. Sharif and B. Hassibi. Simulation suggests that this method achieves comparable or better performance than most existing schemes in the moderate to high SNR realm with comparable complexity.
Obsevations on the cleavage of the bismuth–carbon bond in Bi<sup>V</sup>compounds: a new arylation reaction (1980)

Further examples of the selectivity of pentavalent trianyl-organobismuth oxidants are presented; deuterium labelling studies have established that the mechanism of oxidation of allylic alcohols by these reagents involves, to some extent, cleavage of the bismuth–aryl bond; several reactions involving the synthetically useful transfer of an aryl group from bismuth to nitrogen and to carbon are described.
<i>Arabidopsis BRANCHED1</i>Acts as an Integrator of Branching Signals within Axillary Buds (2007)

Shoot branching patterns depend on a key developmental decision: whether axillary buds grow out to give a branch or whether they remain dormant in the axils of leaves. This decision is controlled by endogenous and environmental stimuli mediated by hormonal signals. Although genes involved in the long-distance signaling of this process have been identified, the genes responding inside the buds to cause growth arrest remained unknown in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we describe an Arabidopsis gene encoding a TCP transcription factor closely related to teosinte branched1 (tb1) from maize (Zea mays), BRANCHED1 (BRC1), which represents a key point at which signals controlling branching are integrated within axillary buds. BRC1 is expressed in developing buds, where it arrests bud development. BRC1 downregulation leads to branch outgrowth. BRC1 responds to developmental and environmental stimuli controlling branching and mediates the response to these stimuli. Mutant and expression analyses suggest that BRC1 is downstream of the MORE AXILLARY GROWTH pathway and that it is required for auxin-induced apical dominance. Therefore, BRC1 acts inside the buds as an integrator of signals controlling bud outgrowth and translates them into a response of cell growth arrest. The conservation of BRC1/tb1 function among distantly related angiosperm species suggests that a single ancestral mechanism of branching control integration evolved before the radiation of flowering plants.
Microprogrammable arithmetic element and its applications to digital signal processing (1980)

This paper describes a microprogrammable arithmetic element (m.a.e.) which has been designed as an integrated circuit on a high-speed bipolar process using emitter coupled logic (e.c.l.). Although the m.a.e., which contains a multiplier and adder, is a general-purpose computing device, it is ideally suited to a variety of digital signal processing (d.s.p.) applications such as discrete Fourier transforms, correlators, digital filters, etc. After a brief introduction to d.s.p. systems, some applications of the m.a.e. are discussed in detail. The m.a.e. forms part of a d.s.p. chip set which also includes a pair of integrated circuits. These have been produced by using e.c.l. programmable logic arrays (p.l.a.s); they decode a conventional binary sequence into the various addressing sequences required by a radix-2 decimation-in-time f.f.t. algorithm. In the past, the sheer cost and complexity of d.s.p. systems has restricted the system designers to make use of minimum hardware configurations in order to produce a system of reasonable size. However, such design philosophy has to be reviewed in the light of l.s.i. technology which has provided cheaper and bigger memory systems, apart from other l.s.i. building blocks. This point has been stressed by considering the design of an f.f.t. system.
Luminescence spectroscopy of lead-halide perovskites: materials properties and application as photovoltaic devices (2017)

This review summarizes the optical properties of lead-halide-perovskite thin films, single crystals, and solar-cell devices.
Liquid Profiling of Circulating Tumor DNA in Plasma of Melanoma Patients for Companion Diagnostics and Monitoring of BRAF Inhibitor Therapy (2018)

Abstract BACKGROUND The current standard for determining eligibility of patients with metastatic melanoma for BRAF-targeted therapy is tissue-based testing of BRAF mutations. As patients are rarely rebiopsied, detection in blood might be advantageous by enabling a comprehensive assessment of tumor mutational status in real time and thereby representing a noninvasive biomarker for monitoring BRAF therapy. METHODS In all, 634 stage I to IV melanoma patients were enrolled at 2 centers, and 1406 plasma samples were prospectively collected. Patients were assigned to 3 separate study cohorts: study 1 for assessment of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as part of companion diagnostics, study 2 for assessment of ctDNA for patients with low tumor burden and for follow-up, and study 3 for monitoring of resistance to BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) or mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor therapy. RESULTS Overall, a high degree of concordance between plasma and tissue testing results was observed at 90.9% (study 1) and 90.1% (study 2), respectively. Interestingly, discrepant results were in some cases associated with nonresponse to BRAFi (n = 3) or a secondary BRAF-mutant malignancy (n = 5). Importantly, ctDNA results correlated with the clinical course of disease in 95.7% and with response to treatment. Significantly, the detection of BRAF mutant ctDNA preceded relapse assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, and was more specific than serum S100 and lactate dehydrogenase. CONCLUSIONS Blood-based testing compares favorably with standard-of-care tissue-based BRAF mutation testing. Importantly, blood-based BRAF testing correlates with the clinical course, even for early-stage patients, and may be used to predict response to treatment, recurrence, and resistance before radioimaging under BRAFi therapy, thereby enabling considerable improvements in patient treatment.
Nucleotide sequence of an additional crystal protein gene cloned from<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>subsp.<i>thuringiensis</i> (1988)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of an additional crystal protein gene cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis Get access B.L. Brizzard, B.L. Brizzard Department of Microbiology, SC-42, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA 98195, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H.R. Whiteley H.R. Whiteley Department of Microbiology, SC-42, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA 98195, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 6, 25 March 1988, Pages 2723–2724, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.6.2723 Published: 25 March 1988 Article history Received: 12 February 1988 Published: 25 March 1988
CX<sub>3</sub>CR1 Deficiency Does Not Influence Trafficking of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Mice With Diet‐Induced Obesity (2012)

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) accumulate in fat during obesity and resemble foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that common mechanisms underlie both inflammatory conditions. CX(3)CR1 and its ligand fractalkine/CX(3)CL1 contribute to macrophage recruitment and inflammation in atherosclerosis, but their role in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation is unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that CX(3)CR1 regulates ATM trafficking to epididymal fat and contributes to the development of adipose tissue inflammation during diet-induced obesity. Cx(3)cl1 and Cx(3)cr1 expression was induced specifically in epididymal fat from mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). CX(3)CR1 was detected on multiple myeloid cells within epididymal fat from obese mice. To test the requirement of CX(3)CR1 for ATM trafficking and obesity-induced inflammation, Cx(3)cr1(+/GFP) and Cx(3)cr1(GFP/GFP) mice were fed a HFD. Ly-6c(Low) monocytes were reduced in lean Cx(3)cr1(GFP/GFP) mice; however, HFD-induced monocytosis was comparable between strains. Total ATM content, the ratio of type 1 (CD11c(+)) to type 2 (CD206(+)) ATMs, expression of inflammatory markers, and T-cell content were similar in epididymal fat from obese Cx(3)cr1(+/GFP) and Cx(3)cr1(GFP/GFP) mice. Cx(3)cr1 deficiency did not prevent the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance or hepatic steatosis. In summary, our data indicate that CX(3)CR1 is not required for the recruitment or retention of ATMs in epididymal adipose tissue of mice with HFD-induced obesity even though CX(3)CR1 promotes foam cell formation. This highlights an important point of divergence between the mechanisms regulating monocyte trafficking to fat with obesity and those that contribute to foam cell formation in atherogenesis.
Transcriptional Modulation of Viral Reporter Gene Constructs Following Induction of the Cellular Stress Response (1997)

In this study, we report that commonly used methods of transient transfection induce the cellular stress response and a recovery period is required following transfection when analyzing cellular stress responsive genes. Four transfection methods were examined for their ability to induce the stress response by measuring the expression of heat shock protein (hsp) 72. We demonstrate that electroporation increases expression of hsp 72 in HUT 78 cells. Additionally, DEAE-dextran and liposome-mediated transfection resulted in increased hsp 72 expression in an adherent cell line (HeLa). Liposome-mediated transfection differentially induced cell stress, dependent on the transfection time in serum-free culture conditions. The stress responsiveness of two viral promoters, the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat and CMV immediate early transcriptional unit were examined. We found the maximal stress-mediated enhancement of transcription with both promoters did not occur until the cells recovered for 24 h following transfection.
Systemic thromboembolic adverse events in patients treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: an overview (2014)

<b>Introduction</b>: Intravitreal anti-VEGF is the most effective therapy for wet AMD, although systemic effects on the endothelium cannot be excluded. <b>Areas covered</b>: The purpose of this review was to evaluate risk of thromboembolic events associated with intravitreal anti-VEGF. <b>Expert opinion</b>: Current data are insufficient to confirm the safety of these compounds, due to the paucity of specific studies. Thus, pharmacovigilance for all anti-VEGF should be improved to verify the true role of anti-VEGF in the occurrence of systemic adverse events.
Neem in Human and Plant Disease Therapy (2002)

As a therapeutic agent, neem is one of the most popular trees in traditional medicinal systems and is increasingly becoming important in herbal alternative therapy. The tree itself is considered a "village pharmacy" because of the well-established fact that every part of the tree has an application in curing human diseases. The tree has been a constant source of novel and structurally unique phytochemicals that can constitute the basis for the development of novel pharmaco-therapeutic agents against various human diseases. Being a prototype for the development of safer drugs and ecofriendly, pro-human health agrochemical agents against a vast variety of plant diseases, the tree always remains in the center of safe herbal drug and pesticide development in the service of mankind.
Death by a thousand cuts: the challenges and diverse landscape of lignocellulosic hydrolysate inhibitors (2014)

Lignocellulosic hydrolysate (LCH) inhibitors are a large class of bioactive molecules that arise from pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation of plant biomass. These diverse compounds reduce lignocellulosic biofuel yields by inhibiting cellular processes and diverting energy into cellular responses. LCH inhibitors present one of the most significant challenges to efficient biofuel production by microbes. Development of new strains that lessen the effects of LCH inhibitors is an economically favorable strategy relative to expensive detoxification methods that also can reduce sugar content in deconstructed biomass. Systems biology analyses and metabolic modeling combined with directed evolution and synthetic biology are successful strategies for biocatalyst development, and methods that leverage state-of-the-art tools are needed to overcome inhibitors more completely. This perspective considers the energetic costs of LCH inhibitors and technologies that can be used to overcome their drain on conversion efficiency. We suggest academic and commercial research groups could benefit by sharing data on LCH inhibitors and implementing "translational biofuel research."
A Cost-Benefit Analysis to Achieve Command and Control (C2) Link Connectivity for Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Operations (2020)

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operations are changing the way aviation and commerce are conducted today. Until recently, for civil aviation commercial operations, nearly all UAS operations are conducted within visual line of sight (VLOS). However, this severely limits the economic benefits that can be realized by the use of these unmanned, and someday, autonomous systems.Beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations require much more capabilities for the operator to rely on and for the general public to condone and be comfortable with. BVLOS operations rely on ground and platform technologies all with varying states of maturity. In this paper, we focus on the interaction between the UAS operator / Remote Pilot in Command (RPIC) to maintain a continuous Command & Control (C2) link with its unmanned aircraft. There must be a reliable, robust, infrastructure in place to enable operators to fly beyond visual range. In areas with sparse communications network coverage, various communication technologies such as LTE and satellite are expected to be utilized in combination to provide C2 connectivity. However, resources for communication links can be saturated, depending on the available spectrum and activity within each network (LTE, Satellite).UAS Traffic Management (UTM) may ultimately be a pay-for-use service. UTM providers will certainly rely on commercial mobile networks for data communications services and guaranteeing quality of service. Use of communication services can be costly so they must consider implementing a cost- benefit analysis to determine service profitability based on number of service missions, mission type, distribution of missions over an area, and cost of use of each communication resource so that adequate price points can be set for its customers’ service missions.Using a combination of cost modeling and agent- based simulation, one can define many UTM operation scenarios with different parameters such as LTE service coverage area distributions that can be analyzed to determine when LTE communication channels are lost in order to switch to a secondary satellite link to re-establish a C2 connectivity. In this paper, we develop a cost model based on these parameters and a simulation methodology that is envisaged to help UAV fleet operators to manage and price their services while ensuring that BVLOS operations maintain C2 connectivity via a combination of communication technologies.
Biology and therapy of fibromyalgia. Evidence-based biomarkers for fibromyalgia syndrome (2008)

Researchers studying fibromyalgia strive to identify objective, measurable biomarkers that may identify susceptible individuals, may facilitate diagnosis, or that parallel activity of the disease. Candidate objective measures range from sophisticated functional neuroimaging to office-ready measures of the pressure pain threshold. A systematic literature review was completed to assess highly investigated, objective measures used in fibromyalgia studies. To date, only experimental pain testing has been shown to coincide with improvements in clinical status in a longitudinal study. Concerted efforts to systematically evaluate additional objective measures in research trials will be vital for ongoing progress in outcome research and translation into clinical practice.
Regularized Doppler radar imaging for target identification in atmospheric clutter (2004)

We develop a method for the formation of Doppler radar images with enhanced features. This problem, when studied as an adaptive spectral estimation problem, is particularly ill-posed because of the small number of data. Our approach is based on a regularized estimation of depth-frequency images which combines a high-resolution Fourier model of the observations with prior information about the nature of the features of interest. We first derive an appropriate model and a regularized criterion for meteorological clutter restoration before addressing the extension to the identification of spot-like targets superimposed on this clutter. We also adapt quasi-Newton algorithms, based on half-quadratic regularization, for the computation of the solution. The practical interest of our approach is validated on simulated and real data.
Hash based fast local search for Intra Block Copy (IntraBC) mode in HEVC screen content coding (2015)

The Intra Block Copy (IntraBC) mode is a very efficient coding tool for the screen content coding (SCC) extension in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) due to the frequently occurrences of repeating patterns and noiseless characteristics of screen content videos. There are local search and hash search for the IntraBC mode to increase coding efficiency. However, the IntraBC mode also brings along high computational complexity for SCC as exhaustive block matching is done within the same frame. Though there are already some constraints applied to IntraBC mode to reduce its complexity, it is still very high. To further reduce the complexity, we propose to speed up the local search by checking the hash values of both current block and block candidates. With our proposed methods, the encoding time is reduced by up to 25% and 23% for YUV and RGB sequences respectively while coding efficiency can still be maintained with only negligible bitrate increased.
Dermatan Sulfate Proteoglycan and Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis Is Induced in Fibroblasts by Transfer to a Three-dimensional Extracellular Environment (2004)

Composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix dictate cell behavior. Proteoglycans bind multiple components of the extracellular matrix by serving as important regulators of cell behavior. Given the influence of culture architecture on cell function, we investigated whether switching NIH3T3 fibroblasts from growth on type 1 collagen in monolayer to a collagen gel might influence dermatan sulfate expression. Immunofluorescent staining, immunoblot, and Western blot demonstrated an induction in decorin expression in cells switched to collagen gels. This induction was associated with a 40-fold increase in decorin transcript expression determined by quantitative real time PCR. Disaccharide analysis of extracted glycosaminoglycans from collagen gels showed an increase in total glycosaminoglycan and in the ratio of chondroitin sulfate to heparan sulfate compared with monolayer culture. The ratio of chondroitin sulfate to heparan sulfate likewise increased on syndecan-1 from gel culture. Digestion with chondroitinase B showed that this induced chondroitin sulfate was dermatan sulfate. Syndecan-1 extracted from wounded mouse skin also displayed an increase in dermatan sulfate synthesis compared with unwounded skin. Furthermore, glycosaminoglycans from collagen gel culture activated keratinocyte growth factor, whereas glycosaminoglycans from monolayer culture lacked this ability. These findings suggest that regulation of dermatan sulfate and dermatan sulfate proteoglycan is dependent on extracellular matrix architecture. The ability of collagen gel culture to mimic better the in vivo dermal environment may be due in part to this influence on dermatan sulfate and dermatan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis.