gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of taxol on secretory cells: functional, morphological, and electrophysiological correlates. (1985)

The effect of 0.5-1.0 microM taxol, a potent promoter of microtubule polymerization in vitro, was studied on the secretory activity of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Taxol was found to have a dual effect: the long-term effect (after a 1-h incubation) of taxol was to induce almost complete inhibition of catecholamine release, whereas after a short incubation (10 min) a massive, nicotine-independent release of catecholamine was produced. From results obtained using the patch-clamp technique to study the Ca++-dependent K+ channels (Ic channels), it was possible to conclude that taxol probably provokes an augmentation of free [Ca++]i in the cytoplasm, values increasing from 10(-8) M at rest to several 10(-7) M. The increased spontaneous release of stored neurohormones and the increased frequency of opening of Ic channels occur simultaneously and could both originate from a rise of [Ca++]i upon taxol addition. Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural studies showed that 13-h taxol treatment of chromaffin cells led to a different distribution of secretory organelles, and also to microtubule reorganization. In treated cells, microtubules were found to form bundles beneath the cell membrane and, at the ultrastructural level, to be packed along the cell axis. It is concluded that in addition to its action on microtubules, the antitumor drug taxol has side effects on the cell secretory activity, one of them being to modify free [Ca++]i.
Harmonic Analysis And The Complexity Of Computing With Threshold (Neural) Elements (2005)

The main purpose of this talk is to introduce a
useful tool for the analysis of discrete neural networks
in which every node is a Boolean threshold
gate. The difficulty in the analysis of neural
networks arises from the fact that the basic
processing elements (linear threshold gates) are
nonlinear. The key idea in harmonic analysis
of threshold functions is to represent the functions
as polynomials over the field of real numbers.
Answering different questions regarding
neural networks becomes equivalent to answering
questions related to the coefficients of these
polynomials. We have applied these techniques
and obtained many interesting and surprising results
[1, 2, 3, 4]. The focus of this talk will
be on presenting a theorem that characterizes-using
spetral norms-the complexity of computing
a Boolean function with threshold circuits
[2, 3]. This result establishes the first known link
between harmonic analysis and the complexity of
computing with neural networks.
DATA FOR THE STUDY OF LINKAGE IN MAN: PHENYLKETONURIA AND THE <i>ABO</i> AND <i>MN</i> LOCI (1951)

The articles published by the Annals of Eugenics (1925–1954) have been made available online as an historical archive intended for scholarly use. The work of eugenicists was often pervaded by prejudice against racial, ethnic and disabled groups. The online publication of this material for scholarly research purposes is not an endorsement of those views nor a promotion of eugenics in any way.
Polymer micromold and fabrication process (2023)

A mold assembly with micro-sized features in which the hollow portion thereof is fabricated from a sacrificial mandrel which is surface treated and then coated to form an outer shell. The sacrificial mandrel is then selectively etched away leaving the outer shell as the final product. The sacrificial mandrel is fabricated by a precision lathe, for example, so that when removed by etching the inner or hollow area has diameters as small as 10's of micros (.mu.m). Varying the inside diameter contours of the mold can be accomplished with specified ramping slopes formed on the outer surface of the sacrificial mandrel, with the inside or hollow section being, for example, 275 .mu.m in length up to 150 .mu.m in diameter within a 6 mm outside diameter (o.d.) mold assembly. The mold assembly itself can serve as a micronozzle or microneedle, and plastic parts, such as microballoons for angioplasty, polymer microparts, and microactuators, etc., may be formed within the mold assembly.
Quantitative differences in adhesiveness of type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli due to structural differences in fimH genes (1995)

Type 1 fimbriae are heteropolymeric surface organelles responsible for the D-mannose-sensitive (MS) adhesion of Escherichia coli. We recently reported that variation of receptor specificity of type 1 fimbriae can result solely from minor alterations in the structure of the gene for the FimH adhesin subunit. To further study the relationship between allelic variation of the fimH gene and adhesive properties of type 1 fimbriae, the fimH genes from five additional strains were cloned and used to complement the FimH deletion in E. coli KB18. When the parental and recombinant strains were tested for adhesion to immobilized mannan, a wide quantitative range in the ability of bacteria to adhere was noted. The differences in adhesion do not appear to be due to differences in the levels of fimbriation or relative levels of incorporation of FimH, because these parameters were similar in low-adhesion and high-adhesion strains. The nucleotide sequence for each of the fimH genes was determined. Analysis of deduced FimH sequences allowed identification of two sequence homology groups, based on the presence of Asn-70 and Ser-78 or Ser-70 and Asn-78 residues. The consensus sequences for each group conferred very low adhesion activity, and this low-adhesion phenotype predominated among a group of 43 fecal isolates. Strains isolated from a different host niche, the urinary tract, expressed type 1 fimbriae that conferred an increased level of adhesion. The results presented here strongly suggest that the quantitative variations in MS adhesion are due primarily to structural differences in the FimH adhesin. The observed differences in MS adhesion among populations of E. coli isolated from different host niches call attention to the possibility that phenotypic variants of FimH may play a functional role in populations dynamics.
An authenticate processing for the information system in Industrial Technology Research Institute (2002)

A technique for storing, processing, and transmitting highly sensitive information over a computer network in the Industrial Technology Research Institute's application system is described. Both secrecy information and user passwords for accessing this information are encrypted by using the public key cryptosystem of the RSA (River-Shamir-Adleman) scheme and El Gamal public key cryptosystem. Based on the special characteristics of this system where the development system and product system are located in different computers, the concept of the digital signature is used to let authorized users execute authentication programs and extract information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clarity of blends of double‐fractionated palm olein with low‐erucic acid rapeseed oil (1995)

Abstract Double‐fractionated palm olein (DfPOo) fractions with iodine values (IV) of 60 and 65 were each blended with low‐erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) oil in various proportions. Clarities of the blends at different temperatures were determined. Maximum levels of DfPOo‐IV60 and DfPOo‐IV65 in blends that remained clear at 20°C for at least 120 d were 40 and 80%, respectively. At 15°C, the maximum levels were 10 and 40%, and at 10°C, 10 and 20%, respectively. At 5°C, only a blend of 10% DfPOo‐IV65 in LEAR remained clear for 120 d. Maximum levels of DfPOo‐IV60 and DfPOo‐IV65 in blends that passed the cold test were 30% for both palm oleins. Maximum levels of the palm oleins in blends with LEAR were higher than those of blends with soybean oil. Cloud points were lower in palm olein/LEAR blends than those of palm olein/soybean oil blends, probably because LEAR contains less saturated fatty acids than soybean oil.
<i>Cauliflower mosaic virus</i> : still in the news (2002)

SUMMARY Taxonomic relationship: Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is the type member of the Caulimovirus genus in the Caulimoviridae family, which comprises five other genera. CaMV replicates its DNA genome by reverse transcription of a pregenomic RNA and thus belongs to the pararetrovirus supergroup, which includes the Hepadnaviridae family infecting vertebrates. Physical properties: Virions are non-enveloped isometric particles, 53 nm in diameter (Fig. 1). They are constituted by 420 capsid protein subunits organized following T= 7 icosahedral symmetry (Cheng, R.H., Olson, N.H. and Baker, T.S. (1992) Cauliflower mosaic virus: a 420 subunit (T= 7), multilayer structure. Virology, 16, 655-668). The genome consists of a double-stranded circular DNA of approximately 8000 bp that is embedded in the inner surface of the capsid. Viral proteins: The CaMV genome encodes six proteins, a cell-to-cell movement protein (P1), two aphid transmission factors (P2 and P3), the precursor of the capsid proteins (P4), a polyprotein precursor of proteinase, reverse transcriptase and ribonuclease H (P5) and an inclusion body protein/translation transactivator (P6). Hosts: The host range of CaMV is limited to plants of the Cruciferae family, i.e. Brassicae species and Arabidopsis thaliana, but some viral strains can also infect solanaceous plants. In nature, CaMV is transmitted by aphids in a non-circulative manner.
Efficient MAC strategies for the IEEE 802.11n wireless LANs (2006)

Abstract Current IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) standard products can provide up to 54 Mbps raw transmission rate, while non‐standard WLAN products with 108 Mbps have already appeared in the market, and the next generation WLAN will provide much higher transmission rates. However, the medium access control (MAC) was designed for lower data rates, such as 1–2 Mbps, and it is not an efficient MAC. Furthermore, a theoretical throughput limit exists due to overhead and limitations of physical implementations, and therefore increasing transmission rate cannot help a lot. Designing efficient MAC strategies becomes critical and important. In this paper, we introduce and propose a series of efficient MAC strategies to overcome the fundamental overhead, and to improve performance. The protocols and mechanisms include Direct Link Protocol, Without Acknowledgement, Without Retransmissions, Block Acknowledgement Protocol, Concatenation, Packing, Multiple Frame Transmission (versions 1 and 2) and Piggyback. The aim of this paper is to introduce and propose these efficient new MACs not only for current IEEE 802.11 standards (.11a/.11b/.11g), but also for the next generation WLAN with higher speed and higher throughput, especially for IEEE 802.11n. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Our sentiments, exactly (2009)

With sentiment analysis algorithms, companies can identify and assess the wide variety of opinions found online and create computational models of human opinion.
Nonenzymatic Glycosylation and Browning of Proteins In Vivo (1983)

The discovery, in the past decade, that Amadori products form readily in vivo and that the levels of glycosylated hemoglobins reflect the glycemia over several weeks has greatly stimulated the interest in the Maillard reaction in vivo. The fact that long-lived proteins such as lens crystalline, collagen and elastin become pigmented and highly crosslinked suggests that the Maillard reaction could be involved in the general aging process. In this chapter, we review recent studies on the Maillard reaction with proteins in vivo.
Facility planning for small and rural hospitals. (1995)

As changes in health care delivery move faster than ever, small or rural hospitals are struggling in a catch-up mode. In order to reverse this trend, these facilities need to reassess their position in the marketplace and develop a flexible plan for responding to the needs. This document provides a model to help achieve the vision of the physical plant in its supporting role to the strategic vision for the hospital, as well as options in the business of caring in a variety of alternative caregiving and treatment environments.
MIMO antennas using controlled orthogonal characteristic modes by metal rims (2017)

A metal‐rimmed multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna design operating below the 1 GHz frequency band is proposed that offers a wide bandwidth, high isolation, low correlation, and compact size. The proposed technique is based on metal‐rimmed mobile phones with four gaps, and the overall design occupies a small size in the ground plane. Orthogonal ground mode resonances are controlled to be equal to the operating frequencies, providing high antenna performance and good diversity performance. The proposed main antenna is achieved by utilizing the upper‐side rim to tune the ground mode resonance along the length of the ground plane to be equal to the operating frequency; moreover, a coupling slot couples strongly with the ground mode resonance to achieve a ‐6 dB bandwidth from 0.695 to 1 GHz (305 MHz). The orthogonal ground mode along the width of the ground plane is used for diversity antenna design. Similarly, the ground mode resonance is made equal to the operating frequency by controlling the left‐side metal rim such that a simulated ‐6 dB bandwidth from 0.850 to 0.920 GHz (70 MHz) is achieved. The simulated isolation is more than 11.5 dB in the operating band, and the measured envelope correlation coefficients is below 0.1.
Nondestructive measurement of index profile of an optical-fibre preform (1977)

A simple and fast nondestructive method of measuring the index profile of an optical-fibre preform is presented. In this method, a laser beam is shone perpendicularly to the preform axis, and the exit angle of its backscattered ray is recorded as a function of the distance of the incident ray from the horizontal axis. A numerical integration involving these exit angles gives the profile.
Synthesis of some 3.4.5-trimethoxybenzyl derivatives of certain amino compounds likely to posses cns activity. (1977)

In this review, we discuss the progress of emerging dry processes for nanoscale fabrication. Experts in the fields of plasma processing have contributed to addressing the increasingly challenging demands in achieving atomic-level control of material selectivity and physicochemical reactions involving ion bombardment. The discussion encompasses major challenges shared across the plasma science and technology community. Focus is placed on advances in the development of fabrication technologies for emerging materials, especially metallic and intermetallic compounds and multiferroic, and two-dimensional (2D) materials, as well as state-of-the-art techniques used in nanoscale semiconductor manufacturing with a brief summary of future challenges.
Elevated temperature wear of chromium carbide based cermets (2003)

Good thermomechanical properties, combined with low density and bulk chemical stability at temperatures approaching 1300 °C, make chromium carbide based composites of interest for a variety of wear-resistant applications and especially for applications at elevated temperatures.The purpose of this work is to study the erosion behaviour of Cr 3 C 2 -Ni cermets at room and elevated temperatures of 300 and 600 °C.Systematic studies of the influence of the impact variables on the collision process have been carried out using silica particles.The erosion of ceramic-metal composites is associated with the combination of ductile and brittle modes of wear and material behaviour is influenced by both microstructure and test conditions.The high temperature oxidation behaviour of Cr 3 C 2 -Ni has been investigated to show the advantage of these materials over conventional cemented carbides at elevated temperatures.
The molecular basis of the Kidd blood group polymorphism and its lack of association with type 1 diabetes susceptibility (1997)

The Kidd blood group locus encodes a urea transporter which is expressed on human red cells and in the kidney. This gene is located on chromosome 18q12, and evidence for linkage and association with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been reported. To investigate this further, the genetic basis for the blood group Jk(a)/Jk(b) polymorphism was first determined by sequencing reverse-transcribed reticulocyte RNAs from Jk(a+b-) and Jk(a-b+) donors. The Jk(a)/Jk(b) polymorphism was caused by a transition (G838A), resulting in a Asp280Asn amino acid substitution and an MnlI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Using the MnlI RFLP, we found that the Jk(a)/Jk(b) polymorphism was not in linkage disequilibrium with type 1 diabetes in 228 multiplex UK and US families tested.
Solubilization and characterization of guinea‐pig pancreatic somatostatin receptors (1987)

The solubilization of somatostatin receptors from guinea-pig pancreas by different non-denaturing detergents was investigated after stabilization of the receptors by prior binding of 125I-[Tyr11]somatostatin or its analogue 125I-[Leu8,DTrp22,Tyr25]somatostatin 28, to pancreatic plasma membranes. The somatostatin-receptor complexes were solubilized in a high yield by Zwittergent 3-14 (3-[tetradecyldimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate), a zwitterionic detergent. Other detergents, digitonin, Triton X-100, Chaps (3-[cholamidopropyldimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate) and octyl beta-D-glycopyranoside, achieved only partial solubilization. The recovery of receptor complexes was increased by glycerol. In order to characterize solubilized somatostatin-receptor complexes, membranes receptors were covalently labelled using N-5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxysuccinimide as cross-linking reagent before solubilization. Gel filtration chromatography analysis resulted in the identification of a major protein component of apparent Mr = 93,000 which interacted with the two radioligands. In addition, a similar component of Mr = 88,000 was characterized after analysis by SDS-PAGE of membrane receptors covalently cross-linked with 125I-[Leu8,DTrp22,Tyr25]somatostatin 28 by different heterobifunctional reagents: N-5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxysuccinimide, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 4-azidobenzoate, N-succinimidyl 6-(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate. Optimal cross-linking results were obtained with N-5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxysuccinimide. The solubilized somatostatin-receptor complex was adsorbed to wheat-germ agglutinin-agarose column and eluted by specific sugars. We concluded that the guinea-pig pancreatic somatostatin receptor in the membrane and in the non-denaturing detergent solution behaves as a protein monomer of apparent Mr approximately 85,000-90,000. The somatostatin receptor is a glycoprotein which contains complex-type carbohydrate chains.
Rapid response reactions of roots to boron deprivation (2001)

Upon B removal from the nutrient solution, several response reactions of root cells can be measured within minutes. These include: reduction of cell wall elasticity modulus ε, increase of hydraulic conductivity, reduced activity of plasmalemma-bound inducible (NADH) reductase, (smaller) changes of the membrane potential, and liberation of Ca2+ (apoplastic and membrane-bound). The B most demanding (root) tissues are epidermal and outer cortical cells of the extension zone, xylem vessels, and root hair tips. Deprivation of B leads to morphological changes which can be noticed within hours to days, including browning of tissues, growth inhibition, death of apical meristems, and lack of root hairs. How the primary response reaction(s) lead to the expression of visible symptoms, however, is not yet clear. The present review summarizes rapid responses to B deprivation and shows several possibilities how primary might be linked to secondary reactions, including cytoskeleton-mediated responses. Schnelle Reaktionen von Wurzeln auf Bor-Mangel Nach Umsetzen auf ein B-Mangelmedium können verschiedene Reaktionen von Wurzelzellen innerhalb von Minuten beobachtet werden, wie z.B. Verringerung des Zellwandelastizitätsmoduls ε, Zunahme der hydraulischen Leitfähigkeit, verringerte Plasmalemma-gebundene induzierbare (NADH) Reduktaseaktivität, (kleinere) Änderungen des Membranpotenzials und eine Freisetzung von apoplastischem und membrangebundenem Ca2+. Die Wurzelgewebe mit dem höchsten B-Bedarf scheinen die epidermalen und äußeren Rindenzellen der Streckungszone, Xylem und Wurzelhaarspitzen zu sein. B-Entzug führt zu morphologischen Änderungen, die innerhalb von Stunden und Tagen sichtbar werden, wie Gewebeverbräunung, Wachstumshemmung und Absterben apikaler Meristeme, sowie Fehlen von Wurzelhaaren. Wie die raschen Reaktionen zur (sekundären) Ausprägung von Mangelsymptomen führen, ist jedoch noch nicht klar. In dieser Übersicht werden rasche Reaktionen auf B-Entzug zusammengefasst und Möglichkeiten zur Verknüpfung primärer und sekundärer Reaktionen diskutiert.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Sinapyl Alcohol and its Glucoside Syringin (2004)

In the present study, syringin, isolated by activity-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of the stem bark of Magnolia sieboldii, and sinapyl alcohol, the hydrolysate of syringin, were evaluated for anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. Sinapyl alcohol (20, 30 mg/kg/day, p. o.) inhibited increased vascular permeability by acetic acid in mice and reduced acute paw edema by carrageenan in rats more so than syringin. When analgesic activity was measured using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and the hot plate test, sinapyl alcohol was much more potent than syringin in a mouse model. In addition, sinapyl alcohol more potently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production by macrophages than syringin. Consistent with these observations, the expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 was reduced by sinapyl alcohol in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of syringin after oral administration may be attributed to its in vivo transformation to sinapyl alcohol.
Zinc is associated with the β subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Bacillus subtilis (1977)

The Bacillus subtilis DNA-dependent RNA polymerase holoenzyme and core enzyme each contain approximately two atoms of zinc per molecule. When the dissociated subunits of the enzyme are passed through a blue dextran-Sepharose affinity column, only the beta subunit binds to the column. The total zinc content of the enzyme is tightly bound to the beta subunit. Dialysis studies suggest that the two zinc ions differ in the strength of their association with the beta subunit. The presence of zinc in beta is consistent with several other lines of evidence which indicate that this subunit is dirrectly involved in phosphodiester bond formation. The blue dextran-Sepharose column procedure should be useful in future studies of the dissociation and reassociation of the enzyme since the method is rapid and provides excellent recovery of the beta subunit as well as the alpha and beta' subunits of the RNA polymerase.