gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of orientation birefringence of polymers in the glassy and rubbery states (1964)

Abstract The temperature dependence of orientation birefringence has been measured for several different polymers, by producing samples with a fixed degree of orientation by mechanical stretching, and varying the temperature. The following three polymers were studied: polystyrene, poly (methyl acrylate), and poly(methyl methacrylate)—the last in both atactic and stereospecific forms. These all have negative orientation birefringence at room temperature. Measurements were carried out in a range of temperatures below the glass transition temperature, except for poly(methyl acrylate) which was crosslinked. The curves obtained for the different polymers showed considerable differences in form; they were reversible in regard to temperature cycling, and showed no appreciable time effects. Polystyrene showed little change in its orientation birefringence with temperature. The other polymers showed appreciable changes with temperature, and an actual change of sign of the birefringence from negative to positive with increasing temperature. The crossover temperature was near the glass transition temperature for the various stereo forms of PMMA, and measurement of this crossover temperature might therefore provide a fairly accurate method for determining the stereo composition of a PMMA sample. However, the crossover temperature is considerably above T g in the case of PMA. We believe that these curves reflect thermal motions of the molecular groups with polarizability anisotropy (such as the phenyl and eater side groups) whose orientation gives rise to the birefringence. The small change is the case of polystyrene is undoubtedly a consequence of the rigidity of the phenyl ring and the steric hindrance of its immediate environment. These results may also reflect chain backbone motions, and other effects, in an indirect way. The theory and experimental data for a complete interpretation of these results is not yet available. However, some of the evident consequences of the present findings are discussed.
Carbon 13 NMR studies of saturated fatty acids bound to bovine serum albumin. I. The filling of individual fatty acid binding sites. (1987)

13C NMR chemical shift and intensity results for a series of carboxyl 13C-enriched saturated fatty acids (8-18 carbons) bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) are presented as a function of increasing fatty acid (FA)/BSA mole ratio. Spectra for long-chain (greater than or equal to 12 carbons) FA X BSA complexes exhibited up to five FA carboxyl resonances, designated a, b, b', c, and d. Only three resonances (peaks b, b', and d) were observed below 3:1 FA X BSA mole ratio, and at greater than or equal to 3:1 mole ratio, two additional resonances were observed (peaks c and a). In a spectrum of 5:1 stearic acid X BSA complexes, peaks b, b', and d each represented approximately one-fifth, and peak c approximately two-fifths, of the total FA carboxyl intensity. Plots of total carboxyl/carbonyl intensity ratio as a function of FA X BSA mole ratio were linear up to 7-9 mole ratio. Deviation from linearity at mole ratios greater than or equal to 7 was accompanied by the detection of crystalline unbound FA (as 1:1 acid/soap) by X-ray diffraction. In contrast to long-chain FA X BSA complexes, 13C NMR spectra of octanoic acid X BSA complexes yielded only one FA carboxyl resonance (peak c) at FA X BSA mole ratios between 1 and 20. We conclude: peaks b, b', and d represent FA bound to three individual high affinity (primary) long-chain FA binding sites on BSA; peak c represents FA bound to several secondary long-chain (or primary short-chain) FA binding sites on BSA; peak a represents long-chain FA bound to an additional lower affinity binding site. We present a model that correlates the observed 13C NMR resonances with individual binding site locations predicted by a recent three-dimensional model of BSA.
Nyquist Artifact Correction for Multi-band and Multi-shot EPI Using Multiplexed Sensitivity Encoding (MUSE) - A Self-reference 2D Phase Correction Method (2018)

e-Poster Session: Acquisition, Reconstruction & Analysis - Motion & Artefact Correction- abstract no. 4121
Access control with safe role assignment for mobile agents (2005)

Mobile agent systems provide new perspectives for distributed e-commerce applications. Sea-of-Data (SoD) applications are those that need to process huge quantities of distributed data. They present specific restrictions, which make mobile agent systems one of the most feasible technologies to implement them. In this paper we propose a mechanism to safely assign roles to mobile agents and an access control method based in Role-based Access Control (RBAC). The access control method provides a simple, lightweight and distributed model for mobile agent applications. It provides a role system implemented with Simple Public Key Infrastructure (SPKI) certificates and uses the authorization model of SPKI for trust management.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis—A Skin Manifestation of a Generalized Disturbance in Immunity (1978)

Detailed investigations on 42 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) are presented, emphasis being placed on the presence of other disorders having a prominent immunopathogenic basis. These patients and 42 age and sex matched controls were submitted to an extensive clinical and investigative search for the presence of disorders with an immunological basis including the atopic disorders. The findings provided further evidence supporting the association of dermatitis herpetiformis with thyroid disease and pernicious anaemia. A statistically increased incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon and atopy was found in the patients with dermatitis herpetiformis compared to the control group. In addition, of the patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, two had rheumatoid arthritis, two had ulcerative colitis, one had systemic lupus erythematosus and four had splenomegaly. The possible basis for these associations is discussed and it is suggested that dermatitis herpetiformis may be part of a wider spectrum of disease. Genetic linkage and the formation of immune complexes following exposure to a dietary antigen may both be responsible for the disorders associated with DH.
Proton and metal ion binding of tetracyclines (2001)

An aspect of major importance in understanding the pharmaco-kinetical properties of drugs and the mechanism of their action is that of acid-base equilibria. According to the definition of Lowry and Broensted, acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. Upon deprotonation the acid yields the conjugate base, whereas protonation converts the base into its conjugate acid. An orally administered drug will most likely change its protonation state during its passage through the acidic stomach and the alkaline intestinal tract. This change will influence its solubility in an aqueous environment, its permeability through membranes and, last but not least, its binding constant to the receptor site.
Influence of Adiposity in the Blunted Whole-Body Protein Anabolic Response to Insulin With Aging (2006)

Both reduction in absolute FFM and increased adiposity, intrinsic to the aging process, are associated with an altered anabolic action of insulin in stimulating protein synthesis. This alteration may contribute to the progressive muscle loss with aging.
Semiquantitative proteomic analysis of human hippocampal tissues from Alzheimer’s disease and age-matched control brains (2013)

Our semiquantitative proteomic analysis provides one of the largest human hippocampal proteome databases. The lists of AD and control related proteins represent a panel of proteins potentially involved in AD pathogenesis and could also serve as prospective AD diagnostic biomarkers.
Crystal structure of bovine Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase at 3 A resolution: chain tracing and metal ligands. (1975)

An electron density map at 3 angstrom resolution has been calculated for Cu2+, Zn2+ superoxide dismutase from bovine erythrocytes, and the course of the main chain has been traced. The dominant structural feature is an 8-stranded barrel of antiparallel beta-pleated sheet. There is one very short helical section and two long loops of non-repetitive structure. The Cu and Zn are bound between the loops and one side of the beta barrel and are about 6 Angstrom apart, with a common histidine ligand. The Cu has four histidine ligands in a somewhat distorted square plane, and the Zn has three histidines and an aspartate in approximately tetrahedral arrangement. The two coppers of a dimer are about 34 Angstrom apart. The two subunits have essentially the same conformation and have an extensive contact area that mainly involves hydrophobic side chain interactions. The overall folding pattern of the polypeptide chain is very similar to that of an immunoglobulin domain.
Learning a Local Feature Descriptor for 3D LiDAR Scans (2018)

Robust data association is necessary for virtually every SLAM system and finding corresponding points is typically a preprocessing step for scan alignment algorithms. Traditionally, handcrafted feature descriptors were used for these problems but recently learned descriptors have been shown to perform more robustly. In this work, we propose a local feature descriptor for 3D LiDAR scans. The descriptor is learned using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our proposed architecture consists of a Siamese network for learning a feature descriptor and a metric learning network for matching the descriptors. We also present a method for estimating local surface patches and obtaining ground-truth correspondences. In extensive experiments, we compare our learned feature descriptor with existing 3D local descriptors and report highly competitive results for multiple experiments in terms of matching accuracy and computation time.
An Empirical Study of Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty on Health Websites (2017)

Numerous health websites are developing rapidly in China and the competition is fierce between these websites. In order to win the competition, the websites operators need to satisfy their customers to attain more market shares. But few attention has been paid to factors affecting customer satisfaction and loyalty on these websites. As a result, the paper aims to empirically explore the factors affecting customer satisfaction and loyalty on health websites based on perceived service quality (responsiveness, empathy and reliability), perceived risk (financial risk and time risk) and trust, and then to propose some targeted measures. A survey was conducted to collect data by means of questionnaires, and a total of 231 usable responses were gathered. Then the hypothesis model was tested using the Structural Equation Modeling(SEM). Results revealed that responsiveness, empathy, time risk and trust had significant impacts on customer satisfaction, whereas reliability and financial risk showed no effects on customer satisfaction. In addition, customer satisfaction and trust significantly influenced customer loyalty. The implications and limitations were discussed .
The nature of the active site in heterogeneous metal catalysis (2008)

This tutorial review, of relevance for the surface science and heterogeneous catalysis communities, provides a molecular-level discussion of the nature of the active sites in metal catalysis. Fundamental concepts such as "Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relations" and "volcano curves" are introduced, and are used to establish a strict partitioning between the so-called "electronic" and "geometrical" effects. This partitioning is subsequently employed as the basis for defining the concept "degree of structure sensitivity" which can be used when analyzing the structure sensitivity of catalytic reactions.
A multidisciplinary approach to study a couple of monozygotic twins discordant for the chronic fatigue syndrome: a focus on potential salivary biomarkers (2013)

This study shows the presence of differentially expressed proteins in the saliva of the couple of monozygotic twins discordant for CFS, probably related to the disease. Consequently, we believe the proteomic approach could be useful both to define a panel of potential diagnostic biomarkers and to shed new light on the comprehension of the pathogenetic pathways of CFS.
Activation of protein kinase B (Akt/RAC‐protein kinase) by cellular stress and its association with heat shock protein Hsp27 (1997)

Protein kinase B (PKB, also named as Akt or RAC-protein kinase), that is activated by cellular stress such as heat shock and hyperosmotic treatment, was revealed to be activated by oxidative stress and by chemical stressors of CdCl2 and NaAsO2 by measuring the activity of the enzyme immunoprecipitated from the transfected COS-7 cells. Upon stress treatment, a 30-kDa phosphoprotein was co-immunoprecipitated with PKB from the cells metabolic labeled with [32P]orthophosphate. The phosphoprotein was identified as Hsp27, a small heat shock protein, by immunoblot analysis and co-immunoprecipitation. The association of Hsp27 was specific to PKB as the heat shock protein was not co-immunoprecipitated with other protein kinases such as protein kinase C and PKN. When the cells were treated with H2O2, PKB was activated gradually and the association of Hsp27 with PKB increased concurrently with the enhancement of PKB activity. In heat-shocked cells, activation of PKB and the association of Hsp27 were detected immediately after the treatment, and the association of the heat shock protein decreased while PKB kept stimulated activity when the cells were further incubated at 37 degrees C. These results suggest that Hsp27 is involved in the activation process of PKB in the signal transduction pathway of various forms of stress.
Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering and Visible Extinction Spectroscopy of Copper Chlorophyllin: An Upper Level Chemistry Experiment (2010)

Advanced chemistry students are introduced to surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) by studying how sodium copper chlorophyllin (CuChl) adsorbs onto silver colloids (CuChl/Ag) as a function of pH. Using both SERRS and visible extinction spectroscopy, the extent of CuChl adsorption and colloidal aggregation are monitored. Initially at pH ∼10, the colloids possess an overall negative surface charge, preventing attraction. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is not detected at that pH because the relatively small colloids do not possess a surface plasmon in resonance with the laser excitation frequency (633 nm). Once the solution pH decreases slightly, colloidal clusters form and SERRS is detected. As the pH is lowered to a value of 4 or 3, protonation of CuChl results in colloidal aggregation and precipitation. If adsorption and aggregation are halted by adding H2SO4(aq) and then NaOH(aq), an intense SERRS signal is steadily detected from acidic pH (about 4), back to the initial basic pH (about 10).
Protein microarray technology (2004)

(2004). Protein microarray technology. Expert Review of Proteomics: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-3.
[Simultaneous determination of three kinds of components in sanhuang tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography]. (2006)

This method was proved to be accurate and quick, and can be used for the quality control of the preparation all-around.
Feed-Forward Reciprocal Activation of PAFR and STAT3 Regulates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2015)

Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), a G-protein-coupled receptor, has been implicated in tumorigenesis, but its contributions to metastatic progression have not been investigated. Here, we show that PAFR is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as in breast, colorectal, and gastric carcinomas. Expression of PAFR correlates closely with clinical stages, survival time, and distant metastasis. In human NSCLC cells, activation of the PAF/PAFR signaling axis accentuated malignant character, including by stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast, silencing PAFR in aggressive NSCLC cells inhibited these effects. Mechanistic investigations showed that PAFR stimulated EMT by activating STAT3 via upregulation of G-protein-dependent SRC or JAK2 kinase activity. Notably, STAT3 transcriptionally elevated PAFR expression. Thus, activation of PAFR in NSCLC cells initiated a forward feedback loop responsible for mediating the aggressive malignant character of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Reinforcing this reciprocal activation loop, PAF/PAFR signaling also upregulated IL6 expression and thereby STAT3 activation. Overall, our results elucidated an important role for PAFR dysregulation in the pathogenicity of NSCLC and unraveled a forward feedback loop between PAFR and STAT3 that acts to drive the malignant progression of NSCLC.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles - Power electronics, battery management, control, optimization, and V2G (2009)

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) involve the use of larger battery packs and larger electric drivetrain components than regular HEVs. The control and management of the vehicular power electronics and energy storage systems are therefore more complicated and more challenging than those in conventional HEVs. This tutorial will explore the different design and control requirements and challenges of PHEV drivetrain components. The tutorial will cover topics such as PHEV topology, control, design, performance optimization, battery management, battery cell balancing, battery life extension, and cold weather performance enhancement. Vehicle to grid (V2G) concepts will be discussed along with the system requirements and impact of PHEV on the power grid. Some OEM and aftermarket PHEVs, such as the Chrysler Aspen PHEV and Prius PHEV will be used as case studies.
Synthesis and Antifeedant Activity of New Oxadiazolyl 3(2<i>H</i>)-Pyridazinones (2002)

A total of 20 new compounds containing the oxadiazolyl 3(2H)-pyridazinone moiety were synthesized. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by (1)H NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis. Their insect antifeedant activities against Asiatic corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) were examined and compared with commercial azadirachtin. The compounds exhibited significant levels of activity. The feeding deterrency values of IIIa,j were 57% and 51% at 500 mg/kg concentration, respectively.
Design of a digital PSK modulator (1982)

A phase shift keying (PSK) data modulator in considered with the modulation algorithm performed by the exclusive-or (EOR) gate. This is followed by the binary transversal filter (BTF) with bandpass transfer function. The main feature is a design modification of the BTF to incorporate a correction factor which enables generation of a pure PSK waveform. The experimental results support the theory.
Optical data networking: protocols, technologies, and architectures for next generation optical transport networks and optical internetworks (2000)

We present a high-level but extensive overview of the protocols, technologies, network architectures, and issues and challenges for next-generation optical transport networks and optical internetworks.
Fast, thermostatic, Pirani gauge (1983)

The Wheatstone bridge of a Pirani gauge has been made self-balancing, and the gauge thermostatic, using a simple but novel dual op-amp circuit. The system retains the electrical and pneumatic robustness, and the atmospheric to high-vacuum pressure range, characteristic of conductance-type gauges. Without recourse to ultrathin material for the temperature-dependent resistor, response time constants (dependent on bridge setting) of &lt;30 ms in high vacuum have been demonstrated. At total pressures &lt;0.1 Pa, the system can detect pressure change, sustained for &gt;0.1 s, of 2.5 mPa; or an impulse of pressure change, occurring within 50 ms, of 0.25 mPa s. The circuit described is also applicable to bolometric power measurement, where fast response is required.
Allergic contact dermatitis from croconazole hydrochloride (1989)

We report 6 cases of contact sensitivity to croconazole hydrochloride, a new imidazole antimycotic drug introduced to the Japanese market in 1986, and available as 1% gel and cream. 6 sensitized patients reacted on patch testing to croconazole hydrochloride down to 0.5 to 0.1% pet, and 3 appeared to be cross-sensitized to sulconazole nitrate. In Japan, allergic contact dermatitis to this drug has now been detected in 12 cases, including our own 6. Prescribers should be aware of contact sensitivity to this drug.
Normal and Spondylolytic Pediatric Spine Movements With Reference to Instantaneous Axis of Rotation (2002)

The instantaneous axis of rotation deviated cranially as the stage of pars defects advanced, and as the wedge deformity increased. Kinematic alteration of the lumbar spine in pediatric patients with spondylolysis may affect chondrocytes of the endplate, perhaps contributing to the consequent spine deformities occurring secondarily to spondylolysis.
Dynamics of Ripple Formation in Sputter Erosion: Nonlinear Phenomena (1999)

Many morphological features of sputter eroded surfaces are determined by the balance between ion-induced linear instability and surface diffusion. However, the impact of the nonlinear terms on the morphology is less understood. We demonstrate that, while at short times ripple formation is described by the linear theory, after a characteristic time the nonlinear terms determine the surface morphology by either destroying the ripples or generating a new rotated ripple structure. We show that the morphological transitions induced by the nonlinear effects can be detected by monitoring the surface width and the erosion velocity.
Age-dependent pattern of cerebellar susceptibility to bilirubin neurotoxicity<i>in vivo</i> (2014)

Neonatal jaundice is caused by high levels of unconjugated bilirubin. It is usually a temporary condition caused by delayed induction of UGT1A1, which conjugates bilirubin in the liver. To reduce bilirubin levels, affected babies are exposed to phototherapy (PT), which converts toxic bilirubin into water-soluble photoisomers that are readily excreted out. However, in some cases uncontrolled hyperbilirubinemia leads to neurotoxicity. To study the mechanisms of bilirubin-induced neurological damage (BIND) in vivo, we generated a mouse model lacking the Ugt1a1 protein and, consequently, mutant mice developed jaundice as early as 36 hours after birth. The mutation was transferred into two genetic backgrounds (C57BL/6 and FVB/NJ). We exposed mutant mice to PT for different periods and analyzed the resulting phenotypes from the molecular, histological and behavioral points of view. Severity of BIND was associated with genetic background, with 50% survival of C57BL/6‑Ugt1(-/-) mutant mice at postnatal day 5 (P5), and of FVB/NJ-Ugt1(-/-) mice at P11. Life-long exposure to PT prevented cerebellar architecture alterations and rescued neuronal damage in FVB/NJ-Ugt1(-/-) but not in C57BL/6-Ugt1(-/-) mice. Survival of FVB/NJ-Ugt1(-/-) mice was directly related to the extent of PT treatment. PT treatment of FVB/NJ-Ugt1(-/-) mice from P0 to P8 did not prevent bilirubin-induced reduction in dendritic arborization and spine density of Purkinje cells. Moreover, PT treatment from P8 to P20 did not rescue BIND accumulated up to P8. However, PT treatment administered in the time-window P0-P15 was sufficient to obtain full rescue of cerebellar damage and motor impairment in FVB/NJ-Ugt1(-/-) mice. The possibility to modulate the severity of the phenotype by PT makes FVB/NJ-Ugt1(-/-) mice an excellent and versatile model to study bilirubin neurotoxicity, the role of modifier genes, alternative therapies and cerebellar development during high bilirubin conditions.