gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homoepitaxial growth of β‐Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layers by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy (2013)

Abstract Epitaxial β‐Ga 2 O 3 layers have been grown on β‐Ga 2 O 3 (100) substrates using metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy. Trimethylgallium and pure oxygen or water were used as precursors for gallium and oxygen, respectively. By using pure oxygen as oxidant, we obtained nano‐crystals in form of wires or agglomerates although the growth parameters were varied in wide range. With water as an oxidant, smooth homoepitaxial β‐Ga 2 O 3 layers were obtained under suitable conditions. Based on thermodynamical considerations of the gas phase and published ab initio data on the catalytic action of the (100) surface of β‐Ga 2 O 3 we discuss the adsorption and incorporation processes that promote epitaxial layer growth. The structural properties of the β‐Ga 2 O 3 epitaxial layers were characterized by X‐ray diffraction pattern and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. As‐grown layers exhibited sharp peaks that were assigned to the monocline gallium oxide phase and odd reflections that could be assigned to stacking faults and twin boundaries, also confirmed by TEM. Shifts of the layer peak towards smaller 2 θ values with respect to the Bragg reflection for the bulk peaks have been observed. After post growth thermal treatment in oxygen‐containing atmosphere the reflections of the layers do shift back to the position of the bulk β‐Ga 2 O 3 peaks, which was attributed to significant reduction of lattice defects in the grown layers after thermal treatment.
Effects of subcutaneous formalin on the activity of trigeminal brain stem nociceptive neurones in the rat (1995)

1. The subcutaneous injection of Formalin (5%, 50 microliters) into the receptive field of convergent (wide dynamic range) nociceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn has previously been reported to produce a prolonged biphasic response with a time course similar to the observed in behavioral experiments. However, conflicting data in other studies led us to examine the effects of Formalin on the activity of convergent nociceptive neurons at two levels of the trigeminal (V) brain stem complex, namely V subnuclei oralis (Sp5O) and caudalis (Sp5C). 2. Single neuron activity was extracellularly recorded in anesthetized rats. Each neuron was classified as convergent on the basis of its responses to both mechanical and transcutaneous electrical stimuli applied to its mechanoreceptive field (RF). All neurons responded to innocuous and noxious mechanical stimuli and had electrically evoked responses corresponding to both A and C fiber afferent inputs. Seventeen Sp5O and 32 Sp5C convergent neurons received an injection (50 microliters sc) of 5% Formalin into the center of their RF. 3. Three groups of neurons were distinguished: one group that was not activated by the Formalin injection (Sp5O, n = 1; Sp5C, n = 2), another group that responded only with an early and short-lasting response [monophasic neurons: Sp5O, n = 11 (65%); Sp5C, n = 10 (31%)], and a third group that responded with two phases separated by a short period of quiescence [biphasic neurons: Sp5O, n = 5 (29%); Sp5C, n = 20 (62.5%)]. The proportion of biphasic neurons was significantly higher in Sp5C than in Sp5O. 4. The first phases of the Sp5O neurons were not significantly different in terms of duration and frequency from those of the Sp5C neurons. However, duration and discharge frequency of the first phase of biphasic neurons were significantly greater than for monophasic neurons in Sp5C (nonsignificant in Sp5O). The second tonic period of excitation of all biphasic neurons was gradual in outset and offset, and long in duration (23-39 min). The duration of the second phase was significantly longer for the biphasic neurons in Sp5C than for those in Sp5O. 5. Our findings suggest that the mono- and biphasic neurons may have different roles in the transmission of nociceptive information induced by the peripheral injection of Formalin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Acoustical analysis of spectral and temporal changes in emotional speech (2000)

In the present study, the vocal expressions of the emotions anger, hapiness, fear, boredom and sadness are acoustically analyzed in relation to neutral speech. The emotional speech material produced by actors is investigated especially with regard to spectral and segmental changes which are caused by different articulatory behavior accompanying emotional arousal. The findings are interpreted in relation to temporal variations
Molecular Dynamics of Ionic Transport and Electrokinetic Effects in Realistic Silica Channels (2008)

Silica is one of the most widely used inorganic materials in experiments and applications involving aqueous solutions of biomolecules, nanoparticles, etc. In this paper, we construct a detailed atomistic model of a silica interface that captures the essential experimentally known properties of a silica interface. We then perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of a silica nanochannel subjected to either an external pressure or an electric field and provide an atomistic description of ionic transport and both electro-osmotic flow and streaming currents for a solution of monovalent (0.4 M NaCl) as well as divalent (0.2 and 1.0 M CaCl 2) salts. Our results allow a detailed investigation of ζ-potentials, Stern layer conductance, charge inversion, ionic mobilities, as well as continuum theories and Onsager relations. We conclude with a discussion on the implications of our results for silica nanopore experiments and micro- and nanofluidic devices.
Easy to fabricate feeds for astronomical receivers (2013)

Modern ground-based radio-telescopes have stringent requirements on the receiver's feed-horn performance. These include a bandwidth covering a full atmospheric window from good sites (~ 30%), low cross polarization and high beam circularity. In addition the unprecedented sensitivity required by recent proposed experiments requires large format focal plane arrays consisting of a large number of high performance feeds. While these feeds are straightforward to fabricate at microwave frequencies, the tight tolerances required in the THz region makes the realization of a large format array both expensive and time consuming. In this paper we describe feed designs that can be fabricated cheaply and rapidly without compromising the science requirements within the operating bandwidth. We present simulated and measured far-field beam patterns showing low sidelobe levels, good beam circularity and low cross-polarization levels over a fractional bandwidth of 20%. Having demonstrated the efficacy of our horn designs and fabricating technique experimentally, we have designed, fabricated and tested a prototype focal plane array of 37 hexagonally close packed horns milled in a single block of aluminum. Experimental testing of the radiation patterns of the array feeds demonstrated that they were essentially identical to the patterns of the feeds fabricated individually and that cross coupling between adjacent feeds was negligible.
Aptamer-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Probes in a Dry-Reagent Strip Biosensor for Protein Analysis (2008)

The highly specific molecular recognition properties of aptamers are combined with the unique optical properties of gold nanoparticles for the development of a dry-reagent strip biosensor that enables qualitative (visual)/quantitative detection of protein within minutes. A model system comprising thrombin as an analyte and a pair of aptamer probes is used to demonstrate the proof-of-concept on the conventional lateral flow test strip. The assay avoids the multiple incubation and washing steps performed in most current aptamer-based protein analyses. Although qualitative tests are realized by observing the color change of the test zone, quantitative data are obtained by recording the optical responses of the test zone with a portable "strip reader". The response of the biosensor is linear over the range of 5-100 nM of thrombin with a detection limit of 2.5 nM (S/N = 3). By comparing the analytical performances of the aptamer-based strip biosensor with the antibody-based strip sensor, we can demonstrate that aptamers are equivalent or superior to antibodies in terms of specificity and sensitivity, respectively. The sensor was used successfully for detection of thrombin in human plasma samples. It shows great promise for use of aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticle probes in dry-reagent strip biosensors for point-of-care or in-field detection of proteins.
Switching of Polymer Brushes (1999)

Polymer coatings of brushlike monolayers composed of two different polymers, polystyrene and poly(2-vinylpyridine), are grafted by radical polymerization on the surface of silicon wafers. Thickness, grafting density, molecular weight of grafted chains, and the composition of the coatings were regulated by grafting time, monomer concentration, and additional initiator in solution. A typical dry film thickness is between 10 and 100 nm, and the molecular weights of the components range from 100 to 300 kg/mol. The fabricated coatings turn out to be sensitive to the composition of the environment. For instance after exposition to toluene the layer becomes hydrophobic and the top of the layer is covered by polystyrene. After exposition to HCl the layer becomes hydrophilic with polyvinylpyridine in the upper layer. This reconstruction of the polymer layer was observed with contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The composition of the top layer in different media is controlled by the composition and molecular weight of the two polymers in the coating. The "switching" properties of the coating are shown to be reversible.
Les Juifs en Belgique : une présence continue depuis le XIIIe siècle (2000)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Virtual machine aware communication libraries for high performance computing (2007)

As the size and complexity of modern computing systems keep increasing to meet the demanding requirements of High Performance Computing (HPC) applications, manageability is becoming a critical concern to achieve both high performance and high productivity computing. Meanwhile, virtual machine (VM) technologies have become popular in both industry and academia due to various features designed to ease system management and administration. While a VM-based environment can greatly help manageability on large-scale computing systems, concerns over performance have largely blocked the HPC community from embracing VM technologies. In this paper, we follow three steps to demonstrate the ability to achieve near-native performance in a VM-based environment for HPC. First, we propose Inter-VM Communication (IVC), a VM-aware communication library to support efficient shared memory communication among computing processes on the same physical host, even though they may be in different VMs. This is critical for multi-core systems, especially when individual computing processes are hosted on different VMs to achieve fine-grained control. Second, we design a VM-aware MPI library based on MVAPICH2 (a popular MPI library), called MVAPICH2-ivc, which allows HPC MPI applications to transparently benefit from IVC. Finally, we evaluate MVAPICH2-ivc on clusters featuring multi-core systems and high performance InfiniBand interconnects. Our evaluation demonstrates that MVAPICH2-ivc can improve NAS Parallel Benchmark performance by up to 11% in VM-based environment on eight-core Intel Clover-town systems, where each compute process is in a separate VM. A detailed performance evaluation for up to 128 processes (64 node dual-socket single-core systems) shows only a marginal performance overhead of MVAPICH2-ivc as compared with MVAPICH2 running in a native environment. This study indicates that performance should no longer be a barrier preventing HPC environments from taking advantage of the various features available through VM technologies.
The Electrokinetic Potentials of Precipitates. (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Electrokinetic Potentials of Precipitates.L. H. Reyerson, I. M. Kolthoff, and Kieth CoadCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1947, 51, 1, 321–332Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/j150451a025Request reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (540 KB) Get e-Alerts
A novel multicast overlay scheme for WDM passive optical networks using optical carrier suppression technique (2009)

A WDM-PON with simultaneous delivery of 10-Gb/s downstream unicast and upstream data as well as 10-Gb/s multicast data is proposed. Downstream multicast data is superimposed onto the subcarrier generated by optical carrier suppression technique.
Novel compact dual-channel all-fiber Bragg grating multiplexer (2002)

Due to the excellent spectral characteristics, fiber Bragg gratings are widely considered as filters for wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) systems. Because Bragg gratings are stopband filters they have to be combined with other components such as circulators or couplers in order to work as optical multiplexers. Recently, we analyzed the characteristics of an all-fiber add-drop multiplexer with a Bragg grating within the coupling zone of a fiber coupler. We have shown that the position of the grating has to be chosen carefully for proper device operation. Here we demonstrate a novel dual-channel all-fiber Bragg grating multiplexer. The device is based on a polished fiber coupler. Two 2.8-mm-long Bragg gratings at different wavelengths of 1531.6 nm and 1535.3 nm were written at the same position identically into both fibers of the coupler. This was done easily by using a phase mask and stretching the fibers before writing the gratings. After embedding the fibers in separate glass substrates using an epoxy resin, the fiber claddings were polished off. Because we improved the polishing process, a long and homogenous coupling length of /spl sim/14 mm could be reached. Thus, the actual grating position within the coupling zone is less critical, which makes manufacturing easier. The dependency of the grating position on the Bragg wavelength can be neglected.
Technical considerations in the design of a wearable voice dosimeter (2002)

This paper deals with the technical issues involved in the design of a voice dosimeter, a wearable device to be used by teachers to measure vocal dose on the job, at home and elsewhere during the total waking hours of each day. The concept of vocal dose is introduced and definitions of various dose measures are presented. Practical issues of the design are discussed, including software development, selection of an external transducer, and devising a comfortable, reliable and repeatable means of attaching the transducer to the subject. The dosimeter software was designed to calculate SPL (sound pressure level), F0 (fundamental frequency) and voicing time. In addition, an interactive portion was developed that prompts the user to verify the validity of the stored data every two hours, and to perform a rating of vocal effort and quality of soft phonation. The SAL (surface acceleration level) to SPL relation for the prototype dosimeter was determined. The prototype has been field-tested, and SPL, F0, and voicing time data have been analyzed. A sensitivity analysis shows that small errors in SPL have a large effect on the accuracy of dose calculations, while F0 errors have less of an effect.
Effect of covalent antithrombin-heparin on activated protein C inactivation by protein C inhibitor (2010)

Protein C in its activated form (APC) limits thrombin generation. Protein C inhibitor (PCI) readily neutralizes APC. Heparin accelerates this reaction, which may complicate anticoagulant treatment in patients with varying APC generation potential. A potent anticoagulant conjugate of antithrombin and heparin (ATH) was prepared, and its effect on APC+PCI reactions was tested. Second order rate constants for APC+PCI reactions were measured by discontinuous rate experiments in the presence of heparin or ATH. Similarly, low molecular weight fractions of heparin (LMWH) and ATH (LMWATH) were tested, as was high molecular weight ATH (HMWATH). Mechanisms of heparin or ATH binding to APC or PCI were assessed using electrophoresis. While heparin gave a higher maximal APC inhibition rate compared to ATH, peak inhibition rate was achieved at comparatively lower ATH concentrations. Since LMWH was ineffective at enhancing APC inhibition by PCI, unfractionated heparin likely acts by bridging APC and PCI. Unlike heparin, ATH may conformationally activate either APC or PCI since LMWATH significantly catalyses APC inhibition. Binding studies showed that ATH readily associates with APC. Thus, although a small fraction of ATH efficiently catalyses APC inhibition by PCI, complete ATH preparations induce a decreased maximal rate of APC-PCI formation compared to unfractionated heparin.
PfPI3K, a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase from Plasmodium falciparum, is exported to the host erythrocyte and is involved in hemoglobin trafficking (2010)

Polyphosphorylated phosphoinositides (PIPs) are potent second messengers, which trigger a wide variety of signaling and trafficking events in most eukaryotic cells. However, the role and metabolism of PIPs in malaria parasite Plasmodium have remained largely unexplored. Our present studies suggest that PfPI3K, a novel phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) in Plasmodium falciparum, is exported to the host erythrocyte by the parasite in an active form. PfPI3K is a versatile enzyme as it can generate various 3'-phosphorylated PIPs. In the parasite, PfPI3K was localized in vesicular compartments near the membrane and in its food vacuole. PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 were effective against PfPI3K and were used to study PfPI3K function. We found that PfPI3K is involved in endocytosis from the host and trafficking of hemoglobin in the parasite. The inhibition of PfPI3K resulted in entrapment of hemoglobin in vesicles in the parasite cytoplasm, which prevented its transport to the food vacuole, the site of hemoglobin catabolism. As a result, hemoglobin digestion, which is a source of amino acids necessary for parasite growth, was attenuated and caused the inhibition of parasite growth.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AGAINST FOODBORNE PATHOGENS (2011)

ABSTRACT The current spreading of nanomaterial applications supports the search for further possible functions of theses diminutive particles. The antibacterial potentiality of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), compared with conventional ZnO powder, against nine bacterial strains, mostly foodborne including pathogens, was evaluated using qualitative and quantitative assays. ZnO NP was more efficient as antibacterial agent than powder. Gram‐positive bacteria were generally more sensitive to ZnO than Gram negatives. The exposure of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus to their relevant minimal inhibitory concentrations from ZnO NP reduced the cell number to zero within 8 and 4 h, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs of the treated bacteria with NPs exhibited that the disruptive effect of ZnO on S. aureus was vigorous as all treated cells were completely exploded or lysed after only 4 h from exposure. Promising results of ZnO NP antibacterial activity suggest its usage in food systems as preservative agent after further required investigations and risk assessments. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Foodborne pathogen invasion is still a recurrent serious problem facing researchers and food industry overseers. The introduction of novel powerful antimicrobial agents is of great importance for the control of pathogenic bacteria, especially antibiotic‐resistant strains. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle (NP) could be one of these potential alternatives. This study focused on ZnO NP because of its increasing presence in many marketable products and that supports its application in food industries as a reasonably safe agent. The demonstrated antibacterial activity of ZnO NP recommends its possible application in the food preservation field; otherwise it can be applied as a potent sanitizing agent for disinfecting and sterilizing food industry equipment and containers against the attack and contamination with foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
Explicit Formulas for Slip and Fluidity (1931)

The hydrodynamical theory of a Newtonian fluid flowing through a capillary viscometer is quite simple and yields a formula for the fluidity in terms of the measured efflux. In the case of non-Newtonian fluids, on the other hand, the theory is not so simple. The usual practice among experimental rheologists is to assume some particular form of fluidity function, after which the corresponding efflux formula is obtained by an integration. If the efflux formula agrees with the experimental efflux data, the assumed fluidity function is thereby established as the correct one. However, it is sometimes difficult to find a fluidity function leading to an efflux formula which agrees satisfactorily with the data. In such cases the experimenter needs a more powerful method of analysis.
Code reuse in an optimizing compiler (1996)

This paper describes how the cmcc compiler reuses code---both internally (reuse between different modules) and externally (reuse between versions for different target machines). The key to reuse are the application frameworks developed for global data-flow analysis, code generation, instruction scheduling, and register allocation.The code produced by cmcc is as good as the code produced by the native compilers for the MIPS and SPARC, although significantly less resources have been spent on cmcc (overall, about 6 man years by 2.5 persons). cmcc is implemented in C++, which allowed for a compact expression of the frameworks as class hierarchies. The results support the claim that suitable frameworks facilitate reuse and thereby significantly improve developer effectiveness.
CD40 on human endothelial cells: inducibility by cytokines and functional regulation of adhesion molecule expression. (1995)

Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) constitutively express a low level of CD40 antigen as detected by monoclonal antibody binding and fluorescence flow cytometric quantitation. The level of expression on EC is increased about 3-fold following 24 h treatment with optimal concentrations of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1, interferon beta, or interferon gamma; both interferons show greater than additive induction of CD40 when combined with tumor necrosis factor or interleukin 1. Expression of CD40 increases within 8 h of cytokine treatment and continues to increase through 72 h. A trimeric form of recombinant murine CD40 ligand acts on human EC to increase expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, including E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. CD40 may be detected immunocytochemically on human microvascular EC in normal skin. We conclude that endothelial CD40 may play a role as a signaling receptor in the development of T-cell-mediated inflammatory reactions.