gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web Search Engine Evaluation Using Clickthrough Data and a User Model (2007)

Traditional search engine evaluation relies on a list of query document pairs along with a score reflecting the document relevance to the query. The score is generally a human assessment, but nothing is said explicitly about the actual user behavior. In this paper we illustrate with a toy model that once the user behavior is agreed upon, the human assessment can be eliminated and the engine performance can be evaluated based on the clickthrough data of past users. 1.
Epidemiology of Otitis Media Onset by Six Months of Age (1999)

Prenatal factors were not linked to early AOM onset with multivariate analysis, but environmental and innate factors play an important role in early AOM onset. Strategies to reduce exposure to environmental variables could reduce rates of early AOM, which could potentially result in declining rates of ROM and chronic OME.
Novel antitumor agents from higher plants (1999)

This review article describes research on cytotoxic natural products isolated from plant sources, primarily preclinical lead identification and structural modification studies performed in the Natural Products Laboratory of Dr. K. H. Lee. As a result of this work, more than 100 new cytotoxic antitumor compounds and their synthetic analogs have shown confirmed activity in NCI's in vitro human tumor cell lines bioassay and are of current interest to NCI for further in vivo evaluation. A significant and ongoing project involves novel antitumor analogs related to podophyllotoxin and etoposide, and has led to a potent derivative designated GL331 (17). This compound is currently in Phase IIa clinical trials and shows promise as an anticancer drug, especially for drug-resistant cancers. Bioactivity-directed fractionation and isolation of medicinal herbs (primarily herbs of Chinese origin) have also led to many classes of cytotoxic compounds including polyphenolic compounds, sesquiterpene lactones, lignans, quassinoids, triterpene glucosides, flavonoids, colchicine derivatives, and quinone derivatives.
Pooling saliva to increase SARS-CoV-2 testing capacity (2020)

Expanding testing capabilities is integral to managing the further spread of SARS-CoV-2 and developing reopening strategies, particularly in regards to identifying and isolating asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals. Central to meeting testing demands are specimens that can be easily and reliably collected and laboratory capacity to rapidly ramp up to scale. We and others have demonstrated that high and consistent levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in saliva from COVID-19 inpatients, outpatients, and asymptomatic individuals. As saliva collection is non-invasive, extending this strategy to test pooled saliva samples from multiple individuals could thus provide a simple method to expand testing capacity. However, hesitation towards pooled sample testing arises due to the dilution of positive samples, potentially shifting weakly positive samples below the detection limit for SARS-CoV-2 and thereby decreasing the sensitivity. Here, we investigated the potential of pooling saliva samples by 5, 10, and 20 samples prior to RNA extraction and RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2. Based on samples tested, we conservatively estimated a reduction of 7.41%, 11.11%, and 14.81% sensitivity, for each of the pool sizes, respectively. Using these estimates we modeled anticipated changes in RT-qPCR cycle threshold to show the practical impact of pooling on results of SARS-CoV-2 testing. In tested populations with greater than 3% prevalence, testing samples in pools of 5 requires the least overall number of tests. Below 1% however, pools of 10 or 20 are more beneficial and likely more supportive of ongoing surveillance strategies.
Dramaturgical Scene Manipulation and its Importance for the False Pretender (1981)

Increasingly the media and academic publications bombard audiences with expose's and theoretical discourses on aspects of White Collar Crime, with little attempt to present case studies to better improve our general understanding of this area of deviance. Accordingly an urgent need exists for this type of presentation. The following discussion attempts to contribute to the fulfillment of this need. Instead of selecting the familiar topics of shoplifting and cheque frauds as a case study, I have concentrated on the more complex and less understood area of land fraud. In using a narrative approach to reconstruct the crime, the analysis tests the dramaturgical perspective as a tool of explanation. Dramaturgy has been generally discussed theoretically and to a lesser extent used as a perspective to explain social behaviors in a one scene context. This paper has a two-fold function, a) to stimulate awareness and increase understanding of an example of the white collar fraud act as a designed process and b) to establish the validity of this narrative approach utilizing dramaturgical analysis as a worthwhile case study review mechanism.
Two-faced Fcab prevents polymerization with VEGF and reveals thermodynamics and the 2.15 Å crystal structure of the complex (2017)

Fcabs (Fc domain with antigen-binding sites) are promising novel therapeutics. By engineering of the C-terminal loops of the CH3 domains, 2 antigen binding sites can be inserted in close proximity. To elucidate the binding mode(s) between homodimeric Fcabs and small homodimeric antigens, the interaction between the Fcabs 448 and CT6 (having the AB, CD and EF loops and the C-termini engineered) with homodimeric VEGF was investigated. The crystal structures of these Fcabs, which form polymers with the antigen VEGF in solution, were determined. However, construction of heterodimeric Fcabs (JanusFcabs: one chain Fc-wt, one chain VEGF-binding) results in formation of distinct JanusFcab-VEGF complexes (2:1), which allowed elucidation of the crystal structure of the JanusCT6-VEGF complex at 2.15 Å resolution. VEGF binding to Janus448 and JanusCT6 is shown to be entropically unfavorable, but enthalpically favorable. Structure-function relationships are discussed with respect to Fcab design and engineering strategies.
Experimental Design for Cost-Aware Learning of Causal Graphs (2018)

We consider the minimum cost intervention design problem: Given the essential graph of a causal graph and a cost to intervene on a variable, identify the set of interventions with minimum total cost that can learn any causal graph with the given essential graph. We first show that this problem is NP-hard. We then prove that we can achieve a constant factor approximation to this problem with a greedy algorithm. We then constrain the sparsity of each intervention. We develop an algorithm that returns an intervention design that is nearly optimal in terms of size for sparse graphs with sparse interventions and we discuss how to use it when there are costs on the vertices.
The data mining approach to automated software testing (2003)

In today's industry, the design of software tests is mostly based on the testers' expertise, while test automation tools are limited to execution of pre-planned tests only. Evaluation of test outputs is also associated with a considerable effort by human testers who often have imperfect knowledge of the requirements specification. Not surprisingly, this manual approach to software testing results in heavy losses to the world's economy. The costs of the so-called "catastrophic" software failures (such as Mars Polar Lander shutdown in 1999) are even hard to measure. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential use of data mining algorithms for automated induction of functional requirements from execution data. The induced data mining models of tested software can be utilized for recovering missing and incomplete specifications, designing a minimal set of regression tests, and evaluating the correctness of software outputs when testing new, potentially flawed releases of the system. To study the feasibility of the proposed approach, we have applied a novel data mining algorithm called Info-Fuzzy Network (IFN) to execution data of a general-purpose code for solving partial differential equations. After being trained on a relatively small number of randomly generated input-output examples, the model constructed by the IFN algorithm has shown a clear capability to discriminate between correct and faulty versions of the program.
Routine fuel and control assembly surveillance during scheduled reactor outages / Routineuntersuchungen an Brennelementen und Steuerelementen bei planmäßigen Reaktorabschaltungen. (1991)

Article Routine fuel and control assembly surveillance during scheduled reactor outages / Routineuntersuchungen an Brennelementen und Steuerelementen bei planmäßigen Reaktorabschaltungen. was published on February 1, 1991 in the journal Kerntechnik (volume 56, issue 2).
The Intelligent Network Standards: Their Application to Services (1996)

From the Publisher:
Now you can capitalize on all the power and versatility of Intelligent Network (IN) technology,which frees you from previous network constraints,allowing you to provide customized user and carrier services. Written by four IN experts from AT&T and Bell Labs,this concise guide to the international IN standards will help you navigate the comprehensive ITU standards documents. The book covers IN concepts and structures. . . their technical and business importance. . . recent developments in IN integration with existing services like UPT,PCS,and Broadband. . . and ITU,ETSI,and ANSI IN protocols. 
The First Complete guide to Intelligent Network StandardsIncluding Emerging Wireless Applications. Now you can capitalize on all the power and versatility of Intelligent Network (IN) technology,which frees you from previous network constraints,allowing you to provide customized user and carrier services. Written by four leading IN experts from Bell Labs,this concise guide to the international IN standards will help you navigate the comprehensive ITU standards documents by explaining In concepts and structures. . . their technical and business importance. . . recent developments in IN support of services like UPT,PCS,and Broadband. . . and ITU,ETSI,and ANSI IN protocols. This surefire guide will enable you to: Learn IN principles and the place of IN in today's technology' introduce economical implementation of complex IN features into network planning; Incorporate the standard IN Service-Independent Building blocks (SIBs) into service designs; Develop models for studying the Intelligent Network Application Protocol (INAP). It's all here in one greatresourcecomplete coverage of the IN standards and how you can exploit them to develop and deliver classic and wireless services to meet market needs!
Toward Synthetic Adrenaline Receptors:  Strong, Selective, and Biomimetic Recognition of Biologically Active Amino Alcohols by Bisphosphonate Receptor Molecules (1998)

Xylylene bisphosphonates represent a new class of artificial receptor molecules for alkylammonium ions (Schrader, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2649−2651). Molecular recognition takes place in a 1:1 chelate-binding mode, and an almost ideal array of short, linear hydrogen bonds is created that guarantees maximum electrostatic and hydrogen-bond interactions. The host molecule, which was designed to imitate the natural adrenergic receptor, is selective for 1,2- and 1,3-amino alcohols due to formation of an additional cooperative hydrogen bond between the phosphonate anion and the hydroxyl groups. Biologically important amino alcohols such as glucosamine, 1-aminosorbitol, ephedrine, and the β-blocker propranolol are bound in DMSO with Ka values between 60 000 and 130 000 M-1. Secondary amines are complexed at least as strongly as their primary counterparts. The phosphonate ester groups allow lateral recognition of the substate. This could be demonstrated for adrenaline model compounds that were recognized by phosphonates carrying extended aromatic ester groups for π,π-interactions.
SMART (strategic memory allocation for real-time) cache design using the MIPS R3000 (1990)

SMART, a technique for providing predictable cache performance for real-time systems with priority-based preemptive scheduling, is presented. The technique is implemented in a R3000 cache design. The value density acceleration (VDA) cache allocation algorithm is also introduced, and shown to be suitable for run-time cache allocation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Raytracing irregular volume data (1990)

An efficient technique is described for rendering volume data which is not organized as a regular, three-dimensional grid. The algorithm works on collections of convex cells with shared faces. Datasets of this form are quite common in such applications as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Modeling (FEM).
Applications and Extensions of Chao's Moment Estimator for the Size of a Closed Population (2007)

This article revisits Chao's (1989, Biometrics45, 427-438) lower bound estimator for the size of a closed population in a mark-recapture experiment where the capture probabilities vary between animals (model M(h)). First, an extension of the lower bound to models featuring a time effect and heterogeneity in capture probabilities (M(th)) is proposed. The biases of these lower bounds are shown to be a function of the heterogeneity parameter for several loglinear models for M(th). Small-sample bias reduction techniques for Chao's lower bound estimator are also derived. The application of the loglinear model underlying Chao's estimator when heterogeneity has been detected in the primary periods of a robust design is then investigated. A test for the null hypothesis that Chao's loglinear model provides unbiased abundance estimators is provided. The strategy of systematically using Chao's loglinear model in the primary periods of a robust design where heterogeneity has been detected is investigated in a Monte Carlo experiment. Its impact on the estimation of the population sizes and of the survival rates is evaluated in a Monte Carlo experiment.
The <scp>HOPS</scp> Proteins <scp>hVps41</scp> and <scp>hVps39</scp> Are Required for Homotypic and Heterotypic Late Endosome Fusion (2012)

The homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex is a multisubunit tethering complex that in yeast regulates membrane fusion events with the vacuole, the yeast lysosome. Mammalian homologs of all HOPS components have been found, but little is known about their function. Here, we studied the role of hVps41 and hVps39, two components of the putative human HOPS complex, in the endo-lysosomal pathway of human cells. By expressing hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged constructs, we show by immunoelectron microscopy (immunoEM) that both hVps41 and hVps39 associate with the limiting membrane of late endosomes as well as lysosomes. Small interference RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of hVps41 or hVps39 resulted in an accumulation of late endosomes, a depletion in the number of lysosomes and a block in the degradation of endocytosed cargo. Lysosomal pH and cathepsin B activity remained unaltered in these conditions. By immunoEM we found that hVps41 or hVps39 knockdown impairs homotypic fusion between late endosomes as well as heterotypic fusion between late endosomes and lysosomes. Thus, our data show that both hVps41 and hVps39 are required for late endosomal-lysosomal fusion events and the delivery of endocytic cargo to lysosomes in human cells.
High Performance Cyclo Olefin Polymer ZEONEX (2005)

Zeon Corporation developed quite new optical plastic Cyclo Olefin Polymer; COP(ZEONEX) with own technology in 1990 then started sales for ZEONEX for optical application with its very unique properties such as low birefringence, low water absorption, high glass-transition temperature 136 °C and high light transmission etc. Currently, ZEONEX is well known in optical market and used widely as optical plastic for pick up lens and other many kinds of optical parts for laser beam printer and digital camera. Addition to those ZEONEX grades, in last year, Zeon Corporation developed a new ZEONEX grade called ZEONEX340R, which was designed for blue laser devices requiring more severe specification. ZEONEX340R has high transmission at 405nm which is used laser wavelength for Blu-ray Disk / HD-DVD as well as enough durability under exposure of 405nm laser, addition to those new properties, keeps other optical properties such as low birefringence and very low water absorption.
Dehydration-Induced Loss of Corrosion Protection Properties in Chromate Conversion Coatings on Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3 (2003)

It is well known that chromate conversion coatings (CCCs) exhibit a prompt loss in corrosion resistance when exposed to moderately elevated temperatures (60-100°C). They also suffer a gradual loss in corrosion resistance due to ambient temperature exposure. To better understand the origins of losses in corrosion resistance, CCCs were formed on 99.99% Al, 1100 Al [Al-1.0(Fe, Si, Cu)], and 2024-T3 (Al-4.4Cu-1.5Mg-0.6Mn), exposed to elevated and ambient temperature exposures for various lengths of time, and characterized using several different methods. The Cr(VI):total Cr ratio in CCCs was estimated by analysis of data derived from X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Corrosion resistance was measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The evolution of shrinkage cracking was examined by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Cr(VI) leaching experiments were also carried out to characterize the effect of thermal exposure on Cr(VI) release. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction were conducted to characterize the temperature-dependent changes in CCCs. Results show that CCCs degrade in several distinct steps over the temperature range of 20 to 500°C. Our findings support the longstanding notion that dehydration is the root cause for losses in corrosion resistance due to aging at ambient and low temperatures (<150°C). Extended X-ray fine structure measurements indicate a shortening in Cr(III)-Cr(III) nearest neighbor distances upon dehydration. This is interpreted as a consolidation in the Cr(OH)_3 backbone of the CCC which leads to shrinkage cracking and immobilization of Cr(VI). This finding is important because it links older observations of the effects of aging and heating on CCCs to newer interpretations of CCC formation based on inorganic polymerization. Overall, these results reveal CCCs to be highly dynamic coatings with corrosion resistance properties that vary considerably in both the short term and long term.
Permanent Magnet Generator Designing Guidelines (2007)

This paper discusses the requirements set to permanent magnet generators directly connected to electrical network especially when used in hydro electric plants. The influences of the requirements on the permanent magnet generator design parameters are discussed.
Reduced intracellular drug accumulation in the absence of P-glycoprotein (mdr1) overexpression in mitoxantrone-resistant human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (1992)

A mitoxantrone-resistant human MCF-7 breast cancer subline (MCF/MX) which is approximately 4000-fold resistant to mitoxantrone was isolated by serial passage of the parental wild-type MCF-7 cells (MCF/WT) in stepwise increasing concentrations of drug. MCF/MX cells were also approximately 10-fold cross-resistant to doxorubicin and etoposide but were not cross-resistant to vinblastine. Intracellular accumulation of radiolabeled mitoxantrone was markedly reduced in MCF/MX cells relative to that in the drug-sensitive MCF/WT cells. This decrease in intracellular drug accumulation into MCF/MX cells was associated with enhanced drug efflux, which was reversed when cells were incubated in the presence of sodium azide and 2, 4-dinitrophenol, suggesting an energy-dependent process. Incubation of MCF/MX cells with verapamil did not affect either the accumulation of mitoxantrone or the level of resistance in these cells. Furthermore, RNase protection and Western blot analyses failed to detect the expression of the mdr1 RNA or P-glycoprotein, a drug efflux pump known to be associated with the development of multidrug resistance in vitro. However, a polyclonal antibody directed against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the putative ATP binding domain of P-glycoprotein reacted with two (M(r) 42,000 and 85,000) membrane proteins from MCF/MX cells which were not found in MCF/WT. Functional assays and Western blot analysis for topoisomerase II revealed no differences in topoisomerase II activity or protein levels in MCF/MX cells. Thus, resistance in this cell line is apparently associated with enhanced drug efflux involving a pathway distinct from the mdr1-encoded multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein.
Fluidized Fixed Bed (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluidized Fixed BedCharles L. Thomas and James HoekstraCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1945, 37, 4, 332–334Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50424a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50424a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Interferometric Raman spectrometry with fiber waveguides (1997)

We present the design and expected performance of a Fourier-transform fiber-optic Raman spectrometer that should be capable of rapidly diagnosing environmental contamination to levels approaching a few parts per thousand. The system design is predicated on fiber arms that are unequal in length initially. A voltage applied to the piezoceramic substrate hosting the shorter fiber strains it through zero path difference to a new length that exceeds the reference arm by its initial length deficiency. This approach permits one to resolve spectral features separated by 0.5 cm(-1) over an electromagnetic bandwidth that exceeds 2000 cm(-1) without using a moving mirror or introducing a second laser to provide the sampling reference. Specific expressions are given for computing the spectral resolution, modulation bandwidth, and modulated signal-to-noise ratio of the device as a function of the system's design parameters.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing Detection of Mercury and Lead Ions Based on Conducting Polymer Composite (2011)

A new sensing area for a sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was fabricated to detect trace amounts of mercury and lead ions. The gold surface used for SPR measurements were modified with polypyrrole-chitosan (PPy-CHI) conducting polymer composite. The polymer layer was deposited on the gold surface by electrodeposition. This optical sensor was used for monitoring toxic metal ions with and without sensitivity enhancement by chitosan in water samples. The higher amounts of resonance angle unit (ΔRU) were obtained for PPy-CHI film due to a specific binding of chitosan with Pb(2+) and Hg(2+) ions. The Pb(2+) ion bind to the polymer films most strongly, and the sensor was more sensitive to Pb(2+) compared to Hg(2+). The concentrations of ions in the parts per million range produced the changes in the SPR angle minimum in the region of 0.03 to 0.07. Data analysis was done by Matlab software using Fresnel formula for multilayer system.