gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Live attenuated vaccine for hepatitis A. (1983)

The successful development of hepatitis B vaccines has stimulated interest in the active immunoprophylaxis of type A hepatitis. The development of hepatitis A vaccines has been simplified by the ability to propagate HAV in tissue culture systems and the availability of animal model systems, including the chimpanzee and certain species of marmosets in which to evaluate safety and efficacy of candidate vaccines. Both inactivated and live, attenuated hepatitis A vaccines are possible, but the limited replicative ability of HAV in tissue culture makes the former impractical at present. However, HAV appears to be rapidly attenuated by serial passage in tissue culture and such attenuated strains are candidates for a live, attenuated vaccine similar to the Sabin polio vaccine. The HM-175 strain of HAV, recovered from the stool of a patient with type A hepatitis in Melbourne, Australia, was isolated directly in primary African green monkey kidney (AGMK), a cell substrate suitable for vaccine development. This strain has been serially passaged over 20 times in AGMK. The parent strain (stool extract) and virus at tissue culture passages 10 and 20 were evaluated for infectivity and virulence in seronegative chimpanzees. The parent strain produced evidence of liver damage (elevated liver enzymes) at all dilutions of infectious virus tested. In contrast, tissue culture-passaged virus was fully infectious for chimpanzees, but did not produce biochemical evidence of hepatitis. Similarly, hepatitis A viral antigen could not be detected in liver biopsies and little or no viral antigen could be detected in acute phase stool samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nonlinear optical phenomena in the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, Er- and Yb-doped silica glasses (1999)

UV-photoinduced optical second harmonic generation (PISHG) in Al2 O3 -P2 O5 -SiO2 glasses doped by Er and Yb rare earth ions has been investigated. The maximum output PISHG signal is observed at the delay time between the photoinducing nitrogen laser ( = 337 nm) and probing laser (YAG:Nd; = 1060 nm) beams at about 7 ps, at temperatures of about 4.2 K and photoinducing beam powers lying within the range 0.45-0.82 GW cm-2 . The essential effect of external electrostatic field and hydrostatic pressure on the output PISHG signal has been revealed. The Yb ions suppress the output PISHG. All the data are explained in terms of the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and take into account anharmonic electron-vibration interactions. The problem of phase matching conditions is discussed.
Extractions of Y@C<sub>60</sub>, Ba@C<sub>60</sub>, La@C<sub>60</sub>, Ce@C<sub>60</sub>, Pr@C<sub>60</sub>, Nd@C<sub>60</sub>, and Gd@C<sub>60</sub> with Aniline (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTExtractions of Y@C60, Ba@C60, La@C60, Ce@C60, Pr@C60, Nd@C60, and Gd@C60 with AnilineYoshihiro Kubozono, Hironobu Maeda, Yasuhiro Takabayashi, Koji Hiraoka, Takeshi Nakai, Setsuo Kashino, Shuichi Emura, Shigeyuki Ukita, and Toshiaki SogabeView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Okayama University, Okayama 700, Japan ISIR, Osaka University, Osaka 567, Japan Research and Development Center Toyo Tanso Corporation, Ohnohara 769-16, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 29, 6998–6999Publication Date (Web):July 24, 1996Publication History Received6 April 1996Published online24 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9612460https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9612460rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views993Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbon nanomaterials,Extraction,Nanospheres,Particulate matter,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Reactivity with Ubiquinone of Quinoprotein D-Glucose Dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter suboxydans1 (1989)

D-Glucose dehydrogenase is a pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent oxidoreductase linked to the respiratory chain of a wide variety of bacteria. There is a controversy as to whether the glucose dehydrogenase is linked to the respiratory chain via ubiquinone or cytochrome b. In this study, it was shown that the glucose dehydrogenase of Gluconobacter suboxydans has the ability to react directly with ubiquinone. The enzyme purified from the membranes of G. suboxydans was able to react with ubiquinone homologues such as ubiquinone-1, -2, or -6 in detergent solution. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the reactivity of the enzyme with native ubiquinone, ubiquinone-10, in the native membranous environment, the dehydrogenase was reconstituted together with cytochrome o, the terminal oxidase of the respiratory chain, into a phospholipid bilayer containing ubiquinone-10. The proteoliposomes thus reconstituted exhibited a reasonable glucose oxidase activity, the electron transfer reaction of which was able to generate a membrane potential and a pH gradient. Thus, D-glucose dehydrogenase of G. suboxydans has been demonstrated to donate electrons directly to ubiquinone in the respiratory chain.
Topical Vitamin C (2005)

A significant body of scientific research supports the use of cosmeceuticals containing vitamin C. Cutaneous benefits include promoting collagen synthesis, photoprotection from ultraviolet A and B, lightening hyperpigmentation, and improvement of a variety of inflammatory dermatoses. Because of the diverse biologic effects of this compound, topical vitamin C has become a useful part of the dermatologist's armamentarium.
Power transformer with superconducting windings (1993)

A 330-kVA power transformer with superconducting windings is discussed. A niobium-titanium based superconducting wire optimized for AC applications was used in the windings. The transformer worked according to its design at rated power. The total heat input to the liquid helium bath at this power was 9.4 W, of which the AC losses dissipated in the windings were about 1 W per winding. The low voltage feedthroughs which had to carry 830 A/sub rms/ at rated power worked adequately. The transformer revealed an apparent current limiting effect. This property can be utilized to limit currents in a network for time periods 10-50 ms. A quench protection device was designed and incorporated in the test circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ASSESSMENT OF 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TOXICITY IN FIELD SOILS BY POLLUTION-INDUCED COMMUNITY TOLERANCE, DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS, AND SEED GERMINATION ASSAY (2000)

Determining the toxicity of contaminants to soil organisms under field conditions is hampered by site-specific and temporal factors that modulate contaminant availability. Assessing the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) of indigenous microbial communities integrates these complex environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to determine if the PICT response was proportional to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentrations in soil, if changes detected by PICT were also evident in soil microbial community composition, and if the PICT response correlated with phytotoxicity assays. Microorganisms extracted from TNT-contaminated field soils were mixed with a solution containing six different concentrations of TNT and inoculated into Biolog ECO plates. The utilization rate of substrates was determined over a 7-d period. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoretic analysis of a portion of the gene encoding 16S rDNA described the structure of the soil microbial community. Phytoindicators (Poa compressa and P. palustris L.) of TNT pollution were identified and used to assess TNT phytotoxicity in soil samples. The TNT (in Biolog wells) greatly inhibited microbial communities from locations with low in situ TNT exposure. The inhibition of microbial use of L-asparagine, L-phenylalanine, and D-glucosaminic acid by TNT (in Biolog wells) increased as TNT concentration in soil decreased. Locations differing in ECO-PICT response also differed in their microbial community composition and TNT phytotoxicity. Decreased phytotoxicity of field soils corresponded to decreases in PICT. The results from this study indicated that ECO-PICT is an effective assay to rapidly detect TNT exposure and toxicity in soil microbial communities.
Stereodivergent Allylic Substitutions with Aryl Acetic Acid Esters by Synergistic Iridium and Lewis Base Catalysis (2016)

The preparation of all possible stereoisomers of a given chiral molecule bearing multiple stereocenters by a simple and unified method is a significant challenge in asymmetric catalysis. We report stereodivergent allylic substitutions with aryl acetic acid esters catalyzed synergistically by a metallacyclic iridium complex and benzotetramisole. Through permutations of the enantiomers of the two chiral catalysts, all four stereoisomers of the products bearing two adjacent stereocenters are accessible with high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. The resulting chiral activated ester products can be converted readily to enantioenriched amides, unactivated esters, and carboxylic acids in a one-pot manner.
<title>Theoretical Overview Of Losses In Infrared Fibers</title> (1981)

Plots of intrinsic scattering and absorption coefficients, the so-called V curves, are compiled for 18 crystalline materials. Extrinsic scattering coefficients are evaluated for voids, inclusions, surface imperfections, dislocations, strains and anisotropic grains. Reduction of this extrinsic scattering is a major problem that must be solved in order to attain low-attenuation (10-2dB/km) fibers.
CREB Mediates UTP-Directed Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Expression of the Chemotactic Protein Osteopontin via Its Interaction with Activator Protein-1 Sites (2007)

The transcription factor cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) has been found to be involved in arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration. We previously demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) expression is a key step for UTP-mediated migration of arterial SMCs and that activator protein (AP)-1, nuclear factor kappaB, and upstream stimulatory transcription factors are involved in this OPN expression. The present study aims to determine the role of CREB in UTP-induced migration and OPN expression in cultured SMCs. We found that CREB is activated by UTP via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways but not by protein kinase A. Both overexpression of a dominant negative CREB and CREB small interfering RNA treatment suppressed UTP-induced OPN expression and SMC migration. Gel-shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that CREB binds 2 AP-1 sites (-1870 and -76) and a cAMP responsive element-like site (-1403) on the OPN promoter. Mutations of these sites showed that only the 2 AP-1 sites were required for UTP-induced OPN expression. Moreover, gel-supershift and sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggested that CREB was associated with c-Fos on the AP-1 sites of the OPN promoter. These results demonstrate that CREB participates in the induction of UTP-activated OPN expression via its binding to 2 AP-1 sites and is thus involved in UTP-mediated SMC migration.
Physical Properties of Pistachio Nuts (1994)

Physical properties of pistachio nuts were evaluated to determine distinguishable characteristics of early split pistachio nuts. The hulls of early split pistachios abnormally split open several weeks before harvest, making the kernel more vulnerable to the aflatoxin producing mold Aspergillus flavus. The most distinguishing features of early split pistachio nuts were found to be shell staining and hull adhesion tendencies. Using shell stain characteristics and shell dimensions, an algorithm was developed that correctly classified 90% of the early splits, and 97% of the normal nuts. When unhulled nuts were placed into a tumbler, 98% of the early split nuts kept their hulls while 95% of the normal nuts were hulled. A mechanical separation device was constructed that successfully separated 90% of the early split nuts and only 5% of the nonsplit nuts from the rest of the samples. Nut mass, length, width, and height are significantly different between early split nuts and normal nuts, however, these properties cannot be used to accurately classify the nuts into split types.
Demonstration of Controlling the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Optical Near-Field Excitation Transfer in Y-Junction Structure Consisting of Randomly Distributed Quantum Dots (2014)

Solution searching devices that operate on the basis of controlling the spatiotemporal dynamics of excitation transfer via dressed photon interactions between quantum dots have been proposed. Long-range excitation transfer based on dressed photon interactions between randomly distributed quantum dots is considered to be effective in realizing such devices. Here, we successfully controlled the spatiotemporal dynamics of excitation transfer using a Y-junction structure consisting of randomly dispersed CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots. This Y-junction structure has two “output ends” and one “tap end.” By exciting one output end with control light, we observed increased excitation transfer to the other output end via a state-filling effect. Conversely, we observed reduced excitation transfer to the output ends by irradiating the tap end with control light, due to excitation of defect levels in the tap end. These results show the possibility of controlling the optical excitation transfer dynamics between multiple quantum dots.
Digital Walsh-Fourier Analysis of Periodic Waveforms (1969)

A digital process is described for obtaining the Walsh-Fourier series of a periodic waveform, which requires at most two cycles of the waveform under measurement. The first cycle of the periodic waveform is required for the determination of period. The coefficients of the Walsh-Fourier series are obtained during the second cycle only, and they are available at the end of the cycle. Given the Walsh-Fourier coefficients of the periodic wave, the individual sine and cosine components of its Fourier series may be obtained using conversion formulas. Special features of the process are that there are no theoretical low-frequency limitations, and for an instrument with an internal clock whose frequency lies in the range 1 Hz to 1 MHz, the fundamental frequency component of a signal that can be analyzed would be in the range 1 cycle in 11.6 days to 60 Hz. Also, whereas the digital processes required to obtain a Fourier series directly are complicated by the need to multiply sample values of voltage by sines and cosines, which are themselves functions of time, determination of Walsh-Fourier coefficients is achieved very simply by using gating circuits. Generation of the required Walsh functions for a periodic signal of any fundamental frequency within the design range has been achieved.
Qualifiers of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance help in patient management. (1996)

According to the recommendations of the Bethesda System, the diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) should be further qualified, when possible, as to whether a reactive or a squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is favored. To determine the utility of this recently proposed terminology, we undertook this study to correlate the diagnosis of ASCUS (with or without qualifiers) with results obtained from examination of biopsy specimens. All patients were identified for the study who had a coloposcopically obtained cervical biopsy specimen or endocervical curettage specimen recorded in the surgical pathology files at Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, from April 1994 through September 1994 and had either prior or concurrent Pap smear(s) reported as ASCUS, ASCUS-favor reactive, ASCUS-favor SIL, or SIL-low grade (SIL-LG). Patients with a cytologic diagnosis of SIL-LG served as a reference group. A total of 435 patients with 485 Pap smears were included. The prevalence rates of biopsy-proven SIL in patients with a cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS-favor reactive, ASCUS, ASCUS-favor SIL, and SIL-LG were 10, 28, 36, and 55%, respectively. The difference between cases diagnosed as ASCUS (with or without qualifiers) and SIL-LG, with respect to the presence of SIL at examination of the biopsy specimen, was statistically significant (P < 0.001 for all correlations). Cases diagnosed as ASCUS-favor reactive had a significantly lower rate of biopsy-proven SIL compared with those diagnosed as ASCUS and ASCUS-favor SIL (P < 0.01 for both correlations). A significant proportion of biopsy specimens with Pap smear diagnosis of ASCUS-favor SIL had SIL-high grade (15%). In contrast, an underlying SIL-high grade is much less likely in patients with ASCUS (unqualified) (3%) or when a reactive process is favored (3%). It seems justified to manage patients with ASCUS-favor SIL in a manner similar to those with SIL-LG. A conservative management seems appropriate for patients with ASCUS and ASCUS-favor reactive.
Integration of semiconductor laser amplifiers with sampled grating tunable lasers for WDM applications (1997)

A semiconductor laser amplifier is integrated with a sample grating distributed Bragg reflector (SGDBR) laser to act as an external modulator. The fabrication, characterization, and device characteristics of this integrated tunable transmitter are reported. The integrated tunable laser can have up to 75 nm of tuning range and more than 30 dB of side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR). The integrated amplifier can provide at most 8 dB of gain and more than 25 dB of contrast ratio for all the channels. Its RF modulation bandwidth can achieve 1.5 GHz, and the dynamic chirp is as good as a directly modulated laser. A simple model is proposed to explain the measured modulation responses and gain saturation is found to be the main cause of the resonant peaks in the dynamics.
[On bacterial aftergrowth in drinking and industrial water. II. Apparative and processing influence upon the growth and the possibility of disinfection of ion exchange resin filter systems (author's transl)]. (1975)

The comparative examination of numerous ion exchange resin filter systems for discontinuous water softening on the market revealed that apparative and processing characteristics are of great influence upon the aftergrowth of bacteria in the water of ion exchange resin systems. Within the examination it was taken into consideration that on the end-delivery-tube of the water pipe with regard to the colony count the conditions were more unfavourable during the long standstill over a weekend (table 1) than during the week (table2). The less favourable conditions have therefore been examined separately. The work has been divided in six test series. In the first one 5 ion exchange resin systems the types A-E are simultaneously tested with regard to the colony count in the water at the inflow to the apparatus and after the passage of it; regeneration twice a week with sodium chloride. The data ascertained in the course of several weeks (without first data on mondays) and the separated mondays data are examined according to logarithmic transformation with the assistance of variance analysis and the Newman Keuls-test for differences. The results show (tab. 4 and 5) that apparative parameters and such relevant to the technical process (tab. 3) have an influence upon the bacterial after growth of the water. The most favourable ion exchange resin filter is type E because it shows more favourable values than all other systems and the tapwater. In the second test serie the systems A-E have been regenerated with 1% Chloramin T containing sodium chloride. The results show again the type E as the statistically significant most favourable system in comparison with the others and the tapwater. In the third test serie it has been examined whether the long period of standstill of the brine in the resin bed which has probably been responsible for the good results of the type E would lead to values just as favourable if transferred to another type of apparatus. ...
Plant cell proliferation and its regulation in growth and development (1998)

Cyclin-dependent kinases in plants tyrosine- and casein-protein kinases as possible mediators of cell cycle regulation in pisum sativum biochemical aspects of S-phase reculation in the plant cell cycle cytokinins and the plant cell cycle - problems and pitfalls of proving their function auxin, cell division and the control of plant development control of the cell division cycle changes in the shoot meristem of sinapis alba during the transition to flowering environmental control of the cell cycle in higher plants the cell cycle in roots of pisum sativum during germination and under abiotic stress tolerance of meristematic root cells to water stress and quantitative variations of proteins at different subcellular level effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ericoid fungi on the structure and activity of host cell nuclei chromosome endoreduplication in plant tissue development and function the development of intraspecific dominance in some nucleolar organizer regions of plants exploring the root meristem with flow cytometry.
N<sub><b>2</b></sub>O and NO Emissions from CFBC Cofiring Dried Sewage Sludge, Wet Sewage Sludge with Coal and PE (2013)

Experiments on cofiring dried sewage sludge, wet sewage sludge with coal and polyethylene (PE) were carried out on a pilot scale 0.15MWt circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) plant, and the influence of furnace temperatures, cofiring rates on N 2 O and NO emissions was investigated. Temperature is an effective parameter influencing N 2 O emission, and higher temperature leads to significant N 2 O reduction and decrease of conversion ratio of fuel-N to N 2 O. Increasing in cofiring rates leads to higher nitrogen content in the mixed fuel, which could result in higher NO and N 2 O emissions from combustion. With more sewage sludge addition, higher NO but lower N 2 O emissions are observed. N 2 O emission from cofiring wet sewage sludge with coal is higher than that from cofiring dried sewage sludge with coal and PE, and fuel-N conversion ratio to N 2 O and NO is much higher in cofiring wet sewage sludge with coal than that in cofiring dried sewage sludge with coal and PE.