gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some Circuit Design Techniques for Linear Integrated Circuits (1965)

This paper describes some novel circuit design techniques for linear integrated circuits. These techniques make use of elements which can be constructed easily in monolithic form to avoid processing difficulties or substantial yield losses in manufacturing. Methods are shown which eliminate the need for the wide variety of components and tight component tolerances usually required with discrete designs, which substitute parts which can be made simply, and which make use of special characteristics obtainable with monolithic construction.
Estimating Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in a Population of African Americans with Diabetes Mellitus (1999)

The pathogenesis, treatment, and outcomes of type 1 and type 2 diabetes differ. Current surveys derive population-based estimates of diabetes prevalence by type using limited clinical information and applying classification rules developed in white populations. How well these rules perform when deriving similar estimates in African American populations is unknown. For this study, data were collected on a group of African Americans with diabetes who enrolled at the Diabetes Unit of Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, from April 16, 1991, to November 1, 1996. The data were used to develop some simple classification rules for African Americans based on a classification tree and a logistic regression model. Sensitivities and specificities, in which fasting C-peptide was used as the gold standard, were determined for these rules and for two current rules developed in mostly white, non-Hispanic populations. Rules that yielded precise (minimum variance unbiased) estimates of the prevalence of type 1 diabetes were preferred. The authors found that a rule based on the logistic regression model was best for estimating type 1 prevalences ranging from 1% to 17%. They concluded that simple classification rules can be used to estimate prevalence of diabetes by type in African American populations and that the optimal rule differs somewhat from the current rules. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:55–63.
Profiling Topics on the Web. (2007)

This paper has been written with the aim of presenting motivations for my dissertation research, based on gaps in current research in text/web mining, as well as to provide an outline of the research I propose to do for my Ph.D. dissertation. The overall goal is to explore methods for knowledge discovery from the web.
An infrared device for monitoring the respiration of small rodents during magnetic resonance imaging (1996)

A device that uses infrared reflectometry for monitoring the respiratory waveform of small rodents during MRI was developed. This system uses a photoplethysmograph coupled to the animal by a light pipe to detect movements as small as 1.0 mm. This device can also be used for monitoring larger animals or for controlling respiratory-compensated or respiratory-triggered MRI.
A R2R3-MYB gene, <i>AtMYB30</i> , acts as a positive regulator of the hypersensitive cell death program in plants in response to pathogen attack (2002)

Hypersensitive response (HR) is a programmed cell death that is commonly associated with disease resistance in plants. Among the different HR-related early induced genes, the AtMYB30 gene is specifically, rapidly, and transiently expressed during incompatible interactions between Arabidopsis and bacterial pathogens. Its expression was also shown to be deregulated in Arabidopsis mutants affected in the control of cell death initiation. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression in Arabidopsis and tobacco of AtMYB30 ( i ) accelerates and intensifies the appearance of the HR in response to different avirulent bacterial pathogens, ( ii ) causes HR-like responses to virulent strains, and ( iii ) increases resistance against different bacterial pathogens, and a virulent biotrophic fungal pathogen, Cercospora nicotianae . In antisense AtMYB30 Arabidopsis lines, HR cell death is strongly decreased or suppressed in response to avirulent bacterial strains, resistance against different bacterial pathogens decreased, and the expression of HR- and defense-related genes was altered. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that AtMYB30 is a positive regulator of hypersensitive cell death.
Label-Free Estimation of Therapeutic Efficacy on 3D Cancer Spheres Using Convolutional Neural Network Image Analysis (2019)

Despite recent advances in cancer treatment, developing better therapeutic reagents remains an essential task for oncologists. To accurately characterize drug efficacy, 3D cell culture holds great promise as opposed to conventional 2D monolayer culture. Due to the advantages of cell manipulation in high-throughput, various microfluidic platforms have been developed for drug screening with 3D models. However, the dissemination of microfluidic technology is overall slow, and one missing part is fast and low-cost assay readout. In this work, we developed a microfluidic chip forming 1920 tumor spheres for drug testing, and the platform is supported by automatic image collection and cropping for analysis. Using conventional LIVE/DEAD staining as the ground truth of sphere viability, we trained a convolutional neural network to estimate sphere viability based on its bright-field image. The estimated sphere viability was highly correlated with the ground truth (<i>R</i>-value > 0.84). In this manner, we precisely estimated drug efficacy of three chemotherapy drugs, doxorubicin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. We also cross-validated the trained networks of doxorubicin and oxaliplatin and found common bright-field morphological features indicating sphere viability. The discovery suggests the potential to train a generic network using some representative drugs and apply it to many different drugs in large-scale screening. The bright-field estimation of sphere viability saves LIVE/DEAD staining reagent cost and fluorescence imaging time. More importantly, the presented method allows viability estimation in a label-free and nondestructive manner. In short, with image processing and machine learning, the presented method provides a fast, low-cost, and label-free method to assess tumor sphere viability for large-scale drug screening in microfluidics.
Electrographic Instrumentation For Ultraviolet Imaging And Spectrography (1979)

The latest results in the Naval Research Laboratory program of far-ultraviolet electrographic camera development, and application of these cameras to astrophysical and upper-atmospheric investigations, are presented. A new large electrographic Schmidt camera, of 15 cm aperture and f/2 focal ratio, has been successfully used in two sounding rocket flights, one for direct imagery in the 1230-2000 A wavelength range and the second for objective spectrography in the 950-2000 A range, of stars and nebulae in the Cygnus region of the sky. The camera has an 11° field of view and better than 30 arc sec resolution (2 A spectral resolution with 600 line/mm objective grating). A nebular spectrograph, based on a microchannel-intensified electrographic Schmidt camera, was then payload of a June 1979 rocket flight. It covers the 1050-2000 A range, and can reach emission line features as faint as 10 Rayleighs in 60 second ex-posures with 5 A spectral resolution. Electrographic cameras with mesh-based semitransparent photocathodes, capable of observations in the extreme ultraviolet below 1050 A, are being developed for a number of space science applications. A camera with microchannel intensification is the detector in an XUV airglow/auroral spectrograph used in a February 1978 rocket flight, and cameras without microchannel intensification are proposed for various solar XUV spectrographic and spectroheliographic applications.
Results of Forecasting with the Barotropic Model on an Electronic Computer (BESK) (1954)

A series of twenty-four 24-hour forecasts have been completed using the barotropic model of the atmosphere. The results of these forecasts are better than previous tests with this model have indicated. The average correlation coefficient between computed and observed height changes of the 500 mb surface is 0.77, the error in the forecast height changes is 89 m against an average observed change of IZI m. The errors are mainly due to the following factors:  Erroneous assumptions at the boundary of the forecast area. Inaccurate analysis of the initial data over the Atlantic. Inaccuracy in forecasting components of the niotion of a scale only a few times larger than the grid size. Baroclinic developments.  The computations indicate that the present results may be improved considerably by trying to eliminate errors listed under (1)–(3).
GlyR α3: An Essential Target for Spinal PGE <sub>2</sub> -Mediated Inflammatory Pain Sensitization (2004)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a crucial mediator of inflammatory pain sensitization. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of a specific glycine receptor subtype (GlyR alpha3) by PGE2-induced receptor phosphorylation underlies central inflammatory pain sensitization. We show that GlyR alpha3 is distinctly expressed in superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn. Mice deficient in GlyR alpha3 not only lack the inhibition of glycinergic neurotransmission by PGE2 seen in wild-type mice but also show a reduction in pain sensitization induced by spinal PGE2 injection or peripheral inflammation. Thus, GlyR alpha3 may provide a previously unrecognized molecular target in pain therapy.
To get the most out of uncertain times, managers must make hard choices : strategy (2008)

Don't let uncertainty distract you from opportunity. Oil prices, food shortages, stagflation, energy black-outs, low-price imports and even talk about recession - there are plenty of What If's to divert managers' attention.
The influence of boric acid on the acetylation of aldoses: ‘one-pot’ syntheses of penta-O-acetyl-β-D-glucofuranose and its crystalline propanoyl analogue (2000)

When glucose and boric acid are heated in acetic acid a soluble compound forms from which, with acetic anhydride and catalytic amounts of sulfuric acid, a mixture consisting of >90% of the glucofuranose per-acetates (α∶β ratio 1∶1.8) is obtained in high yield. In the absence of the sulfuric acid partial acetylation takes place and penta-O-acetyl-β-D-glucofuranose (α∶β ratio 1∶52) is obtainable in good yield by removal of boric acid and completion of the esterification by addition of acetic anhydride and pyridine. A new, crystalline glucofuranose, penta-O-propanoyl-β-D-glucofuranose, is obtained in 58% yield in a ‘one-pot’ procedure using boric acid.
Adaptive depth map estimation from 3D integral image (2013)

Integral Imaging (InIm) is one of the most promising technologies for producing full color 3-D images with full parallax. InIm requires only one recording in obtaining 3D information and therefore no calibration is necessary to acquire depth values. The compactness of using InIm in depth measurement has been attracting attention as a novel depth extraction technique. In this paper, an algorithm for depth extraction that builds on previous work by the authors is presented. Three main problems in depth map estimation from InIm have been solved; the uncertainty and region homogeneity at image location where errors commonly appear in disparity process, dissimilar displacements within the matching block around object borders, object segmentation. This method is based on the distribution of the sample variance in sub-dividing non-overlapping blocks. A descriptor which is unique and distinctive for each feature on InIm has been achieved. Comparing to state-of-the-art techniques, it is shown that the proposed algorithm has improvements on two aspects: depth map extraction level, computational complexity.
Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1978Ambulatory Peritoneal DialysisD. G. OREOPOULOS, M.D., J. L. FUNCK-BRENTANO, M.D.D. G. OREOPOULOS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. L. FUNCK-BRENTANO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-6-1009_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: With data on inulin and vitamin B12 clearances during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, Popovich and colleagues (1) have shown that the weekly clearances of these substances and, by extrapolation, of middle molecules are three times higher than those of conventional intermittent peritoneal dialysis and two to six times higher than those of hemodialysis.We recently had the opportunity to measure middle-molecules plasma levels in four patients converted from intermittent peritoneal dialysis to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and in one patient converted from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis to intermittent peritoneal dialysis (Figure 1). Measurement was by gel chromatography...References1. POPOVICHMONCRIEFNOLPHGHODSTWARDOWSKIPYLE RJKAZW: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Ann Intern Med 88:449-456, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. FUNCK-BRENTANOMANSAUSSEZINGRAFFBOUDETBECKERCUEILLE JNAJJAG: Characterization of a 1100-1300 MW uremic neurotoxin. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 22:163-167, 1976 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByComplications of Peritoneal Dialysis Other Than PeritonitisContinuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) after Three Years: Still a Promising Treatment 1 December 1978Volume 89, Issue 6Page: 1009-1009KeywordsBlood plasmaChromatographyExtrapolationPeritoneal dialysis Issue Published: 1 December 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
<title>Digital orthoimage from airborne line-scanner imagery utilizing flight parameters</title> (1994)

Conventional procedures for orthoimage generation from air-borne line scanner imagery have been based on interpolation approaches. Even they require a large number of control points the results are, in most cases, not satisfying. It became evident from many studies that in particular changes of the sensor orientation parameters cannot be derived from control points. For a rigorous solution of the problem measurements of the flight attitude parameters must be made available as additional observations. Now, orthoimage (or orthophoto) generation from airborne line scanner imagery is to come out of experimental stage to a realistic production stage by making use of flight parameters, whose resolution has currently been greatly improved. This paper describes a new procedure being developed by the investigators on behalf of DLR (German Aerospace Research Establishment). DLR operates the airborne thematic mapper (ATM), which is a particular model of the Daedalus Scanner AADS 1268. Although this investigation takes this particular scanner as an example, the principles should be applicable to other types of line scanner imagery.
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathway as a therapeutic target in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (2005)

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite significant surgical advances and refinement in the delivery of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, prognosis has improved little in recent decades. Better local control has led to the late presentation of distant metastases and novel therapeutic agents are urgently required to prevent relapse, control disseminated disease and thus improve survival. PIK3CA encodes the p110alpha isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and is important in SCCHN, aberrations in its activity occurring early in the oncogenic process. PI3-K signalling promotes cell survival, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, all contributing to tumour progression. Activation of the PI3-K pathway may also mediate resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and novel therapeutic agents such as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Elements of this signalling matrix, therefore, offer attractive therapeutic targets in SCCHN as inhibition of many malignant characteristics, as well as sensitisation to multiple treatment modalities, could be anticipated.
Azide Conjugatable and pH Responsive Near-Infrared Fluorescent Imaging Probes (2009)

The synthesis and photophysical characteristics of a pH responsive near-infrared fluorescence imaging probe is described. A key feature is the ability to conjugate the probe by an alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction and its reversible response of fluorescence intensity across the physiological pH range.
Effects of the Acyl Coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitor Avasimibe on Human Atherosclerotic Lesions (2004)

Avasimibe did not favorably alter coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by IVUS. This ACAT inhibitor also caused a mild increase in LDL cholesterol.
Review of the use of polymers in saliva substitutes for symptomatic relief of xerostomia. (2006)

It is clear from the many clinical studies carried out on currently available saliva substitutes, that the main factors limiting the success of polymers in treating xerostomia is their short duration of action and/or their lack of acceptability by users. The most effective formulations for severe sufferers of xerostomia contain relatively viscous, thixotropic polymers, which mild to moderate sufferers in particular tend to dislike. Relief can also be extended by increasing concentrations of non-thixotropic polymers; however, this also has to be balanced by the decrease in palatability resulting from higher polymer levels. In addition, gels rather than solutions tend to result from higher polymer concentrations, which are only employed by the most severe sufferers of xerostomia, and in fact, have been suggested to offer little improvement in efficacy over oral sprays. It would be highly advantageous to improve the duration of relief without impacting negatively on the sensory profile of the product. This would provide a longer lasting effect that is acceptable to all sufferers of xerostomia. The essential role of polymers in saliva substitutes is to provide lubrication, hydration, and protection of the oral mucosa, providing symptomatic relief to sufferers of xerostomia. However, saliva substitutes should also be of neutral or near neutral pH, to prevent demineralization of the oral hard tissues. These products should always be used in conjunction with a thorough oral health regimen, but may also contain appropriate levels of electrolytes for remineralization of enamel and dentine.
Use of Cognitive Aids in a Simulated Anesthetic Crisis (2006)

We evaluated empirically the extent to which the use of a cognitive aid during a high-fidelity simulation of a malignant hyperthermia (MH) event facilitated the correct and prompt treatment of MH. We reviewed the management of 48 simulated adult MH scenarios; 24 involving CA 1 and 24 involving CA 2 residents. In the CA 1 group, 19 of the 24 teams (79%) used a cognitive aid, but only 8 of the 19 teams used it frequently or extensively. In the CA 2 group, 18 of the 23 teams (78%) used a cognitive aid but only 6 of them used it frequently or extensively. The frequency of cognitive aid use correlated significantly with the MH treatment score for the CA 1 group (Spearman r = 0.59, P < 0.01) and CA 2 group (Spearman r = 0.68, P < 0.001). The teams that performed the best in treating MH used a cognitive aid extensively throughout the simulation. Although the effect was less pronounced in the more experienced CA 2 cohort, there was still a strong correlation between performance and cognitive aid use. We were able to show a strong correlation between the use of a cognitive aid and the correct treatment of MH.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship of Novel Pyridyl Ethers for the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New deep gas well design which permits use of the most advanced completion techniques (1971)

A new concept in deep gas-well completions permits better stimulation attempts which can result in significant increases in well productivity. Use of 4-1/2 in. tubing and liner as a production string makes it possible to perforate a well with a large OD gun (offering larger holes and better penetration than a through-tubing gun) while maintaining a pressure differential into the well bore (underbalanced condition). Perforating with the pressure differential into the formation (overbalanced condition) can result in perforations plugged with foreign material and, if the foreign material is insoluble in acid, productivity impairment can result. Perforating underbalanced is desirable in certain formations and improves the possibility that the perforations are open. The 4-1/2 in. tubulars make possible high rate treatments. It has been recognized that pumping rate is a significant factor in determining the distance live acid will penetrate down a vertical fracture. Deeper penetration of live acid maximizes the effective well bore radius which increases well productivity.
Janus Kinase 3 is Expressed in Erythrocytes, Phosphorylated Upon Energy Depletion and Involved in the Regulation of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death (2011)

Janus kinase 3, a tyrosine kinase expressed in haematopoetic tissues, plays a decisive role in T-lymphocyte survival. JAK3 deficiency leads to (Severe) Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) resulting from enhanced lymphocyte apoptosis. JAK3 is activated by phosphorylation. Nothing is known about expression of JAK3 in erythrocytes, which may undergo apoptosis-like cell death (eryptosis) characterized by cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure and cell shrinkage. Triggers of eryptosis include energy depletion. The present study utilized immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy to test for JAK3 expression and phosphorylation, and FACS analysis to determine phosphatidylserine exposure (annexin binding) and cell volume (forward scatter). As a result, JAK3 was expressed in erythrocytes and phosphorylated following 24h and 48h glucose depletion. Forward scatter was slightly but significantly smaller in erythrocytes from JAK3-deficient mice (jak3-/-) than in erythrocytes from wild type mice (jak3+/+). Annexin V binding was similarly low in both genotypes. The JAK3 inhibitors WHI-P131/JANEX-1 (4-(4′-Hydroxyphenyl)amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline, 156µM) and WHI-P154 (4-[(3′-Bromo-4′-hydroxyphenyl)amino]-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline, 11.2µM) did not significantly modify annexin V binding or forward scatter. Glucose depletion increased annexin V binding, an effect significantly blunted in jak3-/- erythrocytes and in the presence of the JAK3 inhibitors. The observations disclose a completely novel role of Janus kinase 3, i.e. the triggering of cell membrane scrambling in energy depleted erythrocytes.
Frequency stability specification and measurement : (1973)

This report gives concise definitions for specifying frequency stability for measurements in the frequency domain and time domain. Standards of terminology and of measurement techniques are recommended. Measurement systems in the high frequency and microwave regions are described in adequate detail so that the systems may be duplicated.