gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of ADAS and EEG in the Discrimination of Patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type from Healthy Controls (2000)

Neuropsychometric tests (for instance the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, ADAS) and the EEG are often used in the diagnostic procedure of dementia. The validity of the instruments is only poorly investigated. The study aimed to investigate the accuracy of the discrimination between healthy controls and patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) by ADAS and EEG. Thirty-six patients with DAT and 44 healthy controls were included. In a discriminant analysis of the 21 ADAS items and 18 EEG parameters (6 frequency bands, 12 topographic parameters), 6 ADAS items turned out to discriminate both groups with 100% sensitivity and specificity (remembering instructions, depression, following commands, pacing, restlessness and word finding difficulties). Regarding EEG parameters, 4 (topography of beta- and delta-activity and amplitude of delta-activity) led to a sensitivity and specificity of over 90%. Thus, both methods demonstrated an excellent discrimination between healthy controls and DAT. The slightly higher discrimination with the ADAS may depend on its closer relation to clinical symptoms. However, the EEG measuring functional activity reached nearly the same result. Both methods provide complementary information. A combination of both methods in the diagnostic procedure to detect dementia is recommended.
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT): A New Promising Technology in Radiation Oncology (1999)

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a new technology in radiation oncology that delivers radiation more precisely to the tumor while relatively sparing the surrounding normal tissues. It also introduces new concepts of inverse planning and computer-controlled radiation deposition and normal tissue avoidance in contrast to the conventional trial-and-error approach. IMRT has wide application in most aspects of radiation oncology because of its ability to create multiple targets and multiple avoidance structures, to treat different targets simultaneously to different doses as well as to weight targets and avoidance structures according to their importance. By delivering radiation with greater precision, IMRT has been shown to minimize acute treatment-related morbidity, making dose escalation feasible which may ultimately improve local tumor control. IMRT has also introduced a new accelerated fractionation scheme known as SMART (simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy) boost. By shortening the overall treatment time, SMART boost has the potential of improving tumor control in addition to offering patient convenience and cost savings.
Robotics-Assisted Needle Steering for Percutaneous Interventions: Modeling and Experiments (2013)

Needle insertion and guidance plays an important role in medical procedures such as brachytherapy and biopsy. Flexible needles have the potential to facilitate precise targeting and avoid collisions during medical interventions while reducing trauma to the patient and post-puncture issues. Nevertheless, error introduced during guidance degrades the effectiveness of the planned therapy or diagnosis. Although steering using flexible bevel-tip needles provides great mobility and dexterity, a major barrier is the complexity of needle-tissue interaction that does not lend itself to intuitive control. To overcome this problem, a robotic system can be employed to perform trajectory planning and tracking by manipulation of the needle base. This research project focuses on a control-theoretic approach and draws on the rich literature from control and systems theory to model needle-tissue interaction and needle flexion and then design a robotics-based strategy for needle insertion/steering. The resulting solutions will directly benefit a wide range of needle-based interventions. The outcome of this computer-assisted approach will not only enable us to perform efficient preoperative trajectory planning, but will also provide more insight into needle-tissue interaction that will be helpful in developing advanced intraoperative algorithms for needle steering. Experimental validation of the proposed methodologies was carried out on a state of-the-art 5-DOF robotic system designed and constructed in-house primarily for prostate brachytherapy. The system is equipped with a Nano43 6-DOF force/torque sensor (ATI Industrial Automation) to measure forces and torques acting on the needle shaft. In our setup, an Aurora electromagnetic tracker (Northern Digital Inc.) is the sensing device used for measuring needle deflection. A multi-threaded application for control, sensor readings, data logging and communication over the ethernet was developed using Microsoft Visual C 2005, MATLAB 2007 and the QuaRC Toolbox (Quanser Inc.). Various artificial phantoms were developed so as to create a realistic medium in terms of elasticity and insertion force ranges; however, they simulated a uniform environment without exhibiting complexities of organic tissues. Experiments were also conducted on beef liver and fresh chicken breast, beef, and ham, to investigate the behavior of a variety biological tissues.
CD-Based Indices for Link Prediction in Complex Network (2016)

Lots of similarity-based algorithms have been designed to deal with the problem of link prediction in the past decade. In order to improve prediction accuracy, a novel cosine similarity index CD based on distance between nodes and cosine value between vectors is proposed in this paper. Firstly, node coordinate matrix can be obtained by node distances which are different from distance matrix and row vectors of the matrix are regarded as coordinates of nodes. Then, cosine value between node coordinates is used as their similarity index. A local community density index LD is also proposed. Then, a series of CD-based indices include CD-LD-k, CD*LD-k, CD-k and CDI are presented and applied in ten real networks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of CD-based indices. The effects of network clustering coefficient and assortative coefficient on prediction accuracy of indices are analyzed. CD-LD-k and CD*LD-k can improve prediction accuracy without considering the assortative coefficient of network is negative or positive. According to analysis of relative precision of each method on each network, CD-LD-k and CD*LD-k indices have excellent average performance and robustness. CD and CD-k indices perform better on positive assortative networks than on negative assortative networks. For negative assortative networks, we improve and refine CD index, referred as CDI index, combining the advantages of CD index and evolutionary mechanism of the network model BA. Experimental results reveal that CDI index can increase prediction accuracy of CD on negative assortative networks.
Factor V Leiden Protects Against Blood Loss and Transfusion After Cardiac Surgery (2003)

FVL represents a common genetic trait that may protect against blood loss and transfusion in this population. This study demonstrates that genetic variability can affect the outcome of cardiac surgery.
Maximum Residue Limits: Protectionism or Food Safety? (2012)

Food Security and Poverty
Multiple dose pharmacokinetics of oral artemisinin and comparison of its efficacy with that of oral artesunate in falciparum malaria patients (1996)

The study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of oral artemisinin and oral artesunate as well as artemisinin pharmacokinetics during and after resolution of falciparum malaria. Forty adults with symptomatic falciparum malaria were allocated at random to treatment with either oral artemisinin (500 mg single dose on day 1 followed by 250 mg twice daily for 4 d and then another 500 mg single dose on day 6) or with oral artesunate (100 mg single dose on day 1 followed by 50 mg twice daily for 5 d). Patients were admitted to hospital at the Kibaha Designated District Hospital, Kibaha, Tanzania for the duration of treatment. The patients were seen once weekly for 3 more weeks. The time to parasite clearance (PCT) after oral artesunate (26.4 +/- 3.6 h) was shorter (P = 0.002) than after artemisinin (31 +/- 3.6 h). The fever subsidence time (FST) after oral artesunate (18.9 +/- 4.0 h) was also shorter (P = 0.04) than after artemisinin (21.8 +/- 4.6 h). Parasites were detected in 4 (20%) and 7 (35%) patients after completing treatment with artesunate and artemisinin respectively. In these patients the parasitaemia reappeared at the 3rd or 4th week of follow-up. Standard haematology, blood biochemistry and urinalysis, performed before drug intake and again on days 6 and 14, were normal. No clinical abnormality was observed during the study period. Artemisinin plasma concentrations, determined by high performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization and detection by ultraviolet light, were followed up to 8 h after drug administration on days 1 and 6. Artemisinin absorption was rapid, the maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) being attained at about 3 h. Artemisinin areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the Cmax values were about 6 times higher after the first dose on day 1 than on day 6. This decrease in artemisinin plasma concentration is suggestive of an increase in metabolic capacity due to pronounced autoinduction.
Effects of poly depletion on the estimate of thin dielectric lifetime (1991)

Poly-gate depletion during the accelerated time-dependent breakdown (TDDB) test of single-doping-type capacitors (both electrodes of the doping type) results in an overestimate of dielectric lifetime at operation voltage. Simple high-field data extrapolation fails to take into account the voltage-dependent poly band bending. A three-orders-of-magnitude overestimate of lifetime at 5 V for 68-AA oxide equivalent poly/poly capacitors was found. After correcting for the poly depletion effects, the slope of the TDDB projection line decreases by 18%. The effects can be minimized by performing TDDB testing below the top poly inversion voltage. Fermi-Dirac statistics quantitatively explained the phenomenon. Calculated maximum allowable TDDB voltages for different gate doping and oxide thickness are presented as guidelines for test design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental study on watermark interference in multiple re-watermarking (2007)

Watermark interference is a threat to reliable detection in multiple re-watermarking scenarios. The impact of using disjoint frequency bands and/or different embedding domains in limiting those interferences is evaluated and compared. Employing disjoint frequency bands for embedding different watermarks turns out to be more effective and is capable of maintaining reasonable detection correlation in multiple embedding applications.
Diabetic Retinopathy in Blacks (1990)

Diabetic eye disease, particularly diabetic retinopathy, is the leading cause of new cases of legal blindness in people 20-74 yr of age in the United States. The prevalence and rate of diabetes in this age-group are higher in Blacks than in Whites. The rate of blindness from diabetic eye disease is also higher in Blacks than in Whites. Severe macular edema, the most frequent cause of decreased vision in diabetic retinopathy, appears to be more common in Blacks. Risk factors for developing macular edema include poorly controlled hypertension, hyperglycemia, and duration of disease. The higher prevalence of hypertension in Blacks may contribute to the increased severity of diabetic retinopathy. Further evaluation is necessary to determine the influence of race on the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
Techniques for including dielectrics when extracting passive low-order models of high speed interconnect (2002)

Interconnect structures including dielectrics can be modeled by an integral equation method using volume currents and surface charges for the conductors, and volume polarization currents and surface charges for the dielectrics. In this paper we describe a mesh analysis approach for computing the discretized currents in both the conductors and the dielectrics. We then show that this fully mesh-based formulation can be cast into a form using provably positive semidefinite matrices, making for easy application of Krylov-subspace based model-reduction schemes to generate accurate guaranteed passive reduced-order models. Several printed circuit board examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy.
Using quantitative coronary arteriography to redefine SPECT sensitivity and specificity. (1992)

Previous studies looking at the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have been based upon the results obtained by visual interpretation of coronary arteriograms. Since the results of visual and quantitative determination of percent diameter stenosis have been shown to be statistically different, the results obtained from SPECT imaging when compared to quantitative methods for assessing coronary artery disease would be expected to provide a more correct assessment of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy. To determine the "true" sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy of SPECT in diagnosing coronary artery disease, this study compared the results obtained in 44 SPECT images (20 thallium and 24 teboroxime) with the results obtained when quantitative coronary arteriography was used to analyze the coronary arteriograms. These 44 cases were then compared against 8 different definitions of significant coronary artery disease, varying from 30 to 80%, to yield 352 comparisons. The maximum specificity and predictive accuracy was found when 45% diameter stenosis was used to define the presence or absence of significant disease. At 45% diameter stenosis, SPECT imaging demonstrated an 86% sensitivity, 78% specificity, and 94% predictive accuracy with only 6% false positives. In 100% of the cases where 45% diameter stenosis was used to define the presence of disease and exercise failed to demonstrate ST segment changes or angina, when SPECT imaging demonstrated a perfusion defect(s), quantitative coronary arteriography agreed with SPECT imaging results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Simple Method of Plaque Rupture Induction in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2006)

We demonstrated the murine model of human plaque rupture, which is simple, fast, and highly efficient. This model would help us not only to understand the mechanism of human plaque rupture but also to assess various already-known and as-yet-unknown agents in the future.
Enhancing the brightness of electrically driven single-photon sources using color centers in silicon carbide (2018)

Abstract Practical applications of quantum information technologies exploiting the quantum nature of light require efficient and bright true single-photon sources which operate under ambient conditions. Currently, point defects in the crystal lattice of diamond known as color centers have taken the lead in the race for the most promising quantum system for practical non-classical light sources. This work is focused on a different quantum optoelectronic material, namely a color center in silicon carbide, and reveals the physics behind the process of single-photon emission from color centers in SiC under electrical pumping. We show that color centers in silicon carbide can be far superior to any other quantum light emitter under electrical control at room temperature. Using a comprehensive theoretical approach and rigorous numerical simulations, we demonstrate that at room temperature, the photon emission rate from a p–i–n silicon carbide single-photon emitting diode can exceed 5 Gcounts/s, which is higher than what can be achieved with electrically driven color centers in diamond or epitaxial quantum dots. These findings lay the foundation for the development of practical photonic quantum devices which can be produced in a well-developed CMOS compatible process flow.
Transaction signing on multiple channels (2017)

Electronic transaction signing is an important process as the volume and value of electronic transactions is increasing. There is a need for a secure yet convenient process to authorize the electronic transaction. On the other hand, current solutions often have complex deployment requirements, inclusive of a predefined communication channel to be established between the signer client and the signature requestor server. This paper proposed a multi-channel solution in which the signer client is capable of delivering these transaction-specific signatures to the signature requestor server, by means of different communication channels.
Progressive Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Aquaporin-7-deficient Mice (2005)

Aquaporin-7 (AQP7) is a water/glycerol transporting protein expressed in adipocyte plasma membranes. We report here remarkable age-dependent hypertrophy in adipocytes in AQP7-deficient mice. Wild type and AQP7 null mice had similar growth at 0-16 weeks as assessed by body weight; however, by 16 weeks AQP7 null mice had 3.7-fold increased body fat mass. Adipocytes from AQP7 null mice of age 16 weeks were greatly enlarged (diameter 118 mum) compared with wild type mice (39 mum). Adipocytes from AQP7 null mice also accumulated excess glycerol (251 versus 86 nmol/mg of protein) and triglycerides (3.4 versus 1.7 mumol/mg of protein). In contrast, at age 4 weeks, adipocyte volume and body fat mass were comparable in wild type and AQP7 null mice. To investigate the mechanism(s) responsible for the progressive adipocyte hypertrophy, glycerol permeability and fat metabolism were studied in adipocytes isolated from the younger mice. Plasma membrane glycerol permeability measured by [(14)C]glycerol uptake was 3-fold reduced in AQP7-deficient adipocytes. However, adipocyte lipolysis, measured by free fatty acid release and hormone-sensitive lipase activity, and lipogenesis, measured by [(14)C]glucose incorporation into triglycerides, were not affected by AQP7 deletion. These data suggest that adipocyte hypertrophy in AQP7 deficiency results from defective glycerol exit and consequent accumulation of glycerol and triglycerides. Increasing AQP7 expression/function in adipocytes may reduce adipocyte volume and fat mass in obesity.
Purple Grape Juice Improves Endothelial Function and Reduces the Susceptibility of LDL Cholesterol to Oxidation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (1999)

Short-term ingestion of purple grape juice improves FMD and reduces LDL susceptibility to oxidation in CAD patients. Improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation and prevention of LDL oxidation are potential mechanisms by which flavonoids in purple grape products may prevent cardiovascular events, independent of alcohol content.
Conformal Transparent Conducting Oxides on Black Silicon (2010)

Black silicon with aspect ratios up to 10 and an average optical reflectance of only 2.5% over the whole absorbing spectral range was covered perfectly conformal with a transparent conductive oxide. The thin film was deposited by thermal ALD and exhibited a resistivity of 1.1 Ohm cm. This concept promises a new design for an efficient heterojunction silicon solar cell.
Combination of terrestrial Laser Scanning with high resolution panoramic Images for Investigations in Forest Applications and tree species recognition (2004)

The management and planning of forests presumes the availability of up-to-date informaion on their current state. The relevant parameters like tree species, diameter of the bowl in defined heights an positions are usually represented by a forest inventory. In order to allow the collection of these inventory parameters, an approach aiming on the integration of a terrestrial laser scanner and a high resolution panoramic camera has been developed. The integration of these sensors provides geometric information from distance measurement and high resolution radiometric information from the panoramic images. In order to enable a combined evaluation, in the first processing step a soregistration of both data sets is required. Afterwards geometric quantities like position an diameter of trees can be derived from the LIDAR data, where as texture parameters as derived from the high resolution panoramic imagery can be applied for tree species recogition.
Hardened Tuned-Wall Plastic Radomes for Military Radars (1976)

Abstract : XP (stretched polypropylene) film is perhaps the most effective material for construction of hardened dielectric walls. It has excellent fragment-defeat properties, a low relative dielectric constant (2.3) and a very low loss tangent (0.005). For low-loss materials, reflection losses are determined by the dielectric constant and absorption losses by the loss tangent. A perfect radome material would have a dielectric constant of one and a loss tangent of zero. Additionally, XP is self bonding under heat and pressure, allowing construction of homogeneous, tuned-wall design. The wall thickness is chosen to be an integral number of half wavelengths in the material to take advantage of canceling out reflections at the inner wall; loss in beam intensity is then mainly due to absorption in the wall. (1) The resulting thick- wall radome allows efficient r-f transmission and provides a high level of ballistic protection against fragmentation munitions. The AN/TPQ-37 is the first radar antenna considered for hardening against fragment munitions attack.
Dynamics of erythropoietin receptor expression on erythropoietin- responsive murine cell lines (1990)

We examined erythropoietin receptor expression in two murine cell lines, B6SUtA and DA-1, that respond to erythropoietin in different ways. While B6SUtA cells undergo erythroid differentiation with limited proliferation after addition of erythropoietin, DA-1 cells show only a proliferative response. Equilibrium binding experiments with 125I-erythropoietin revealed that both B6SUtA and DA-1 cells express a single class of erythropoietin receptors. In the absence of erythropoietin, B6SUtA cells exhibited 145 receptors per cell with a dissociation constant (kd) of 380 pmol/L. Six days after induction with erythropoietin, the B6SUtA cells displayed 310 receptors per cell without a change in binding affinity; exposure to erythropoietin also increased cellular hemoglobin content. DA-1 cells adapted to erythropoietin-dependent growth over a period of months and exhibited a progressive increase in erythropoietin receptor expression, from 85 per cell (kd = 540) to 550 per cell (kd = 530), although the cells remained uniformly benzidine-negative. We interpret the data with B6SUtA cells to indicate that early erythroid differentiation stages are attended by an increase in erythropoietin receptor display, coordinate with the initiation of expression of erythroid-specific genes. In contrast, the results with DA-1 cells are most compatible with clonal selection as the mechanism underlying enhanced receptor expression. Thus, display of the erythropoietin receptor is dynamic and can be modulated during the course of erythropoietin-induced differentiation.