gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An effective approach for skew detection and correction of geophysical log image using Hough transform and a priori knowledge (2008)

To meet the needs of the log curves vectorization, roller scanner can be used to acquire geophysical log images. However, skews are inevitably introduced during the process of long image scanning. Skew correction is an important step to obtain precise digital log curves. Grid lines in log curves can be applied as the basis for skew detection. The arrangement of both depth line and scale line is analyzed first in the paper; secondly depth line is set as detection target; thirdly Hough transform is used for detection; then image is corrected using rotation transform according to the angle of depth line which varies with depth; at last, an example is given in this paper. Results show that this method is fast with high efficiency and stable running, which is of great practicality.
The Degradation of Starch by Strains of Group A Streptococci having Related Antigens (1950)

SUMMARY: Strains of Group A streptococci produced an extracellular carbohydrase which degraded starch. The enzyme in crude undialysed culture filtrates bore a general resemblance to pancreatic diastase. Amylolytic activity was decreased in environmental conditions which also affected streptococcal proteinase, namely in cultures grown at 23°, in filtered broth, or after serial mouse passage. Amylase production was associated with hyaluronidase production in strains having the type-specific M antigen 4, or the non-specific T antigen 4, whereas proteinase-positive strains of the same group of closely related specific Types 4, 24, 26, 28, 29, 46 were usually amylase-negative; but the association between production of any two of the three enzymes was not complete. Hyaluronidase-positive Type 22 strains did not produce amylase, and with two exceptions, a Type 2 strain and a strain serologically unidentified, other representative serological types were amylase-negative, though some strains degraded starch in growing cultures.
Effect of the annealing temperature on magnetic property for transformer with amorphous core (2009)

This paper presents the results of experimental investigations of annealing elevated, magnetic properties and their application with amorphous SA1 Cores. The phenomenon of two exothermic peaks correlated with the crystallization behavior was examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The magnetic phase transition process was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The magnetic properties were measured for samples annealed at different temperatures ranging from 330° to 470°. For the amorphous alloy SA1 core, the annealing temperature is set at 360° for two hour in an air atmosphere, the lowest core loss were obtained. During the annealing process, a DC current driven magnetic field is applied to further improve the magnetic properties. Finally, at the same specifications and rated power, experimental results of the magnetic loss are presented for the amorphous alloy SA1 core transformer and traditional silicon steel core transformer. It can be seen that the amorphous core transformer can provide better performance in the aspect of core loss and exciting power.
Dendritic Cell Type Determines the Mechanism of Bystander Suppression by Adaptive T Regulatory Cells Specific for the Minor Antigen HA-1 (2007)

One hallmark of acquired tolerance is bystander suppression, a process whereby Ag-specific (adaptive) T regulatory cells (TR) inhibit the T effector cell response both to specific Ag and to a colocalized third-party Ag. Using peripheral blood T cells from recipients of HLA-identical kidney transplants as responders in the trans vivo-delayed type hypersensitivity assay, we found that dendritic cells (DC), but not monocyte APCs, could mediate bystander suppression of EBV-specific recall response. When HA-1(H) peptide was added to mixtures of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and T cells, bystander suppression of the response to a colocalized recall Ag occurred primarily via indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) production. Similarly, addition of HA-1(H) peptide to cocultures of T cells and pDC, but not myeloid DC (mDC), induced IDO activity in vitro. When mDC presented HA-1(H) peptide to Ag-specific CD8+ TR, cytokine release (TGF-beta, IL-10, or both) was the primary mode of bystander suppression. Bystander suppression via mDC was reversed not only by Ab to TGF-beta and its receptor on T cells, but also by Ab to thrombospondin-1. EBV addition did not induce IDO or thrombospondin-1 in T-DC cocultures, suggesting that these DC products are not induced by T effector cells, but only by TR cells. These results shed light upon the mechanism of bystander suppression by donor Ag-specific TR in patients with organ transplant tolerance and underscores the distinct and critical roles of mDC and pDCs in this phenomenon.
Nutritional support improves antibody response to influenza virus vaccine in the elderly. (1985)

30 vieillards (70 a 84 ans) sont partages en 2 groupes de 15 sans differences quant a l'etat nutritionnel et socio-economique. Ils recoivent la meme vaccination antigrippale mais dans un des 2 groupes des supplements dietetiques et medicaux appropries a chaque cas sont administres pendant 4 semaines. Dans ce groupe non seulement l'etat nutritionnel est ameliore mais les reponses serologiques a la vaccination sont significativement superieures a celles de l'autre groupe
Calculation and visualization of free energy barriers for several VOCs and TNT in HKUST-1 (2012)

A simple protocol based on a lattice representation of the porous space is proposed to locate and characterize the free energy bottle-necks in rigid metal organic frameworks. As an illustration we apply this method to HKUST-1 to demonstrate that there are impassable free energy barriers for molecules of trinitrotoluene in this structure.
Clostridial spores as live 'Trojan horse' vectors for cancer gene therapy: comparison with viral delivery systems (2008)

Solid tumours account for 90% of all cancers. Gene therapy represents a potential new modality for their treatment. Up to now, several approaches have been developed, but the most efficient ones are the viral vector based gene therapy systems. However, viral vectors suffer from several deficiencies: firstly most vectors currently in use require intratumoural injection to elicit an effect. This is far from ideal as many tumours are inaccessible and many may have already spread to other parts of the body, making them difficult to locate and inject gene therapy vectors into. Second, because of cell heterogeneity within a given cancer, the vectors do not efficiently enter and kill every cancer cell. Third, hypoxia, a prevalent characteristic feature of most solid tumours, reduces the ability of the viral vectors to function and decreases viral gene expression and production. Consequently, a proportion of the tumour is left unaffected, from which tumour regrowth occurs. Thus, cancer gene therapy has yet to realise its full potential. The facultative or obligate anaerobic bacteria have been shown to selectively colonise and regerminate in solid tumours when delivered systemically. Among them, the clostridial spores were easy to produce, stable to store and safe to use as well as having extensive oncolytic ability. However, research in animals and humans has shown that oncolysis was almost always interrupted sharply at the outer rim of the viable tumour tissue where the blood supply was sufficient. These clostridial spores, though, could serve as "Trojan horse" for cancer gene therapy. Indeed, various spores harbouring genes for cancerstatic factors, prodrug enzymes, or proteins or cytokines had endowed with additional tumour-killing capability. Furthermore, combination of these "Trojan horses" with conventional chemotherapy or radiation therapies often significantly perform better, resulting in the "cure" of solid tumours in a high percentage of animals. It is, thus, not too difficult to predict the potential outcomes for the use of clostridial spores as "Trojan horse" vectors for oncolytic therapy when compared with viral vector-mediated cancer therapy for it be replication-deficient or competent. However, to move the "Trojan horse" to a clinic, though, additional requirements need to be satisfied (i) target tumours only and not anywhere else, and (ii) be able to completely kill primary tumours as well as metastases. Current technologies are in place to achieve these goals.
mCOPA: analysis of heterogeneous features in cancer expression data (2012)

Background Cancer outlier profile analysis (COPA) has proven to be an effective approach to analyzing cancer expression data, leading to the discovery of the TMPRSS2 and ETS family gene fusion events in prostate cancer. However, the original COPA algorithm did not identify down-regulated outliers, and the currently available R package implementing the method is similarly restricted to the analysis of over-expressed outliers. Here we present a modified outlier detection method, mCOPA, which contains refinements to the outlier-detection algorithm, identifies both over- and under-expressed outliers, is freely available, and can be applied to any expression dataset. Results We compare our method to other feature-selection approaches, and demonstrate that mCOPA frequently selects more-informative features than do differential expression or variance-based feature selection approaches, and is able to recover observed clinical subtypes more consistently. We demonstrate the application of mCOPA to prostate cancer expression data, and explore the use of outliers in clustering, pathway analysis, and the identification of tumour suppressors. We analyse the under-expressed outliers to identify known and novel prostate cancer tumour suppressor genes, validating these against data in Oncomine and the Cancer Gene Index. We also demonstrate how a combination of outlier analysis and pathway analysis can identify molecular mechanisms disrupted in individual tumours. Conclusions We demonstrate that mCOPA offers advantages, compared to differential expression or variance, in selecting outlier features, and that the features so selected are better able to assign samples to clinically annotated subtypes. Further, we show that the biology explored by outlier analysis differs from that uncovered in differential expression or variance analysis. mCOPA is an important new tool for the exploration of cancer datasets and the discovery of new cancer subtypes, and can be combined with pathway and functional analysis approaches to discover mechanisms underpinning heterogeneity in cancers
Microfibrillated cellulose : Energy-efficient preparation techniques and key properties (2012)

This work describes three alternative processes for producing microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) in which pulp fibres are first pre-treated and then homogenized using a high-pressure homogenizer. In one process, fibre cell wall delamination was facilitated with a combined enzymatic and mechanical pre-treatment. In the two other processes, cell wall delamination was facilitated by pre-treatments that introduced anionically charged groups into the fibre wall, by means of either a carboxymethylation reaction or irreversibly attaching carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) onto the fibres. All three processes are industrially feasible and enable production with low energy consumption. Using these methods, MFC can be produced with an energy consumption of 500–2300 kWh/tonne, which corresponds to a 91–98% reduction in energy consumption from that presented in earlier studies. These materials have been characterized in various ways and it has been demonstrated that the produced MFCs are approximately 5–30 nm wide and up to several microns long.
Surface modification of cycloolefinic copolymers for optimization of the adhesion to metals (2004)

Abstract Low‐pressure microwave plasma has been used to incorporate new functionalities onto the surface of cyclic olefin copolymers (COC). The main goal of the plasma treatment was to hydrophilize the COC's surface in order to enhance its adhesion to metals. The effect of two plasma parameters (treatment time and type of plasma gas) on the adhesion properties has been investigated. In order to investigate the opportunity for optimization of the adhesive strength in the COC–metal composite, an adhesion‐promoting layer of acrylic acid (AA), or inorganic SiO 2 , has been deposited. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Green Cloud Computing (2014)

This chapter considers the data center site selection problem in cloud computing with extensive reviews on site selection decision models. The factors considered in the site selection include economic, environmental, and social issues. After discussing the environmental impact of data centers and its social implications, the authors present a nonlinear multiple criteria decision-making model with green computing criteria and solve the problem by using a variable neighborhood search heuristic. The proposed model and solution methodology can be applied to other site selection problems to address the environmental awareness, and the results illustrate both the robustness and attractiveness of this solution approach.
Arrest in the Liver — A Genetically Defined Malaria Vaccine? (2005)

Deleting a gene critical to the development of Plasmodium berghei in the liver transforms the sporozoite — the infectious stage of the pathogen — into an organism that acts as a vaccine.
Burst-correcting codes with high-speed decoding (1969)

This paper describes a technique for high-speed decoding of burst-error-correcting codes and a class of codes most suitable for this purpose. With a small amount of additional circuitry the decoders proposed in this paper are capable of decoding speeds several orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional decoders.
EFFECTS OF FASTING, STRESS AND DRUGS ON GASTRIC GLYCOPROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT (1975)

1 The relationship between gastric mucosal damage and synthesis of gastric glycoproteins, as measured by the rate of incorporation of N-acetyl-[3H]glucosamine, was investigated in rats after fasting and restraint stress and a single administration of aspirin (200 mg/kg, orally), phenylbutazone (200 mg/kg, orally), prednisolone (200 mg/kg, orally), or adrenaline (2 mg/kg, i.p.). In one experiment, the effects of aspirin and phenylbutazone on carbohydrate content of the glycoproteins were also determined. 2 Restraint stress, phenylbutazone and aspirin resulted in acute gastric mucosal erosions in some of the rats. Adrenaline produced severe sub-mucosal haemorrhage, but no erosions or ulceration, while prednisolone and fasting gave no gross pathology. 3 The rate of incorporation of N-acetyl-[3H]glucosamine into glycoproteins was decreased after all treatments except adrenaline. In the groups receiving restraint stress, aspirin or phenylbutazone, the decreases were more marked in rats which developed erosions than in those with no gastric pathology. 4 Aspirin and phenylbutazone also produced changes in the carbohydrate content of the glycoproteins, the effects again being greater in the rats which developed erosions. 5 The results are discussed in the context of a possible association between erosion formation and glycoprotein synthesis and it is proposed that inhibition of mucus glycoprotein biosynthesis may be one mode of action of stress and drugs in causing gastric mucosal damage.
古地磁気,極移動,および全地球造構運動作 : いくつかの争点 (2014)

In the quasi intention-to-treat analysis there is no difference in the 5-yr recurrence-free period between the treatment groups, despite one instillation within 48 h of TURBT or two maintenance instillations up to 1 yr, in addition to the "standard" schedule.
The effects of ethylene, depressed oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide on antioxidant profiles of senescing spinach leaves (2000)

It has been suggested that antioxidants play a role in regulating or modulating senescence dynamics of plant tissues. Ethylene has been shown to promote early plant senescence while controlled atmospheres (CA; reduced O2 levels and elevated CO2 levels) can delay its onset and/or severity. In order to examine the possible importance of various antioxidants in the regulation of senescence, detached spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves were stored for 35 d at 10 degrees C in one of three different atmospheres: (1) ambient air (0.3% CO2, 21.5% O2, 78.5% N2), (2) ambient air + 10 ppm ethylene to promote senescence, or (3) CA (10% CO2, 0.8% O2 and 89.2% N2) to delay senescence. At weekly intervals, material was assessed for activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (ASPX; EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR; EC 1.8.5.4), glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR; EC 1.6.5.4), and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), and concentrations of the water-soluble antioxidant compounds ascorbate and glutathione. Indicators of the rate and severity of senescence (lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll, and soluble protein levels) were also determined. Results indicated that the rate and severity of senescence was similar between the leaves stored in ambient air or CA until day 35, at which point the ambient air-stored leaves exhibited a sharp increase in lipid peroxidation. Tissues under both storage regimes demonstrated significant declines only in levels of ASPX, CAT, and ascorbate. Glutathione content in the CA-stored tissue also significantly dropped, but only on day 35. In contrast, spinach leaves stored in ambient air + ethylene experienced a rapid decrease in levels of all the antioxidants assessed except SOD. Declines in levels of ASPX, CAT, and ascorbate over the 35 d storage period regardless of the composition of the storage atmosphere suggests that regulation of H2O2 levels plays an important role in both the dynamics and severity of post-harvest senescence of spinach.
The Chemistry of 7-Substituted Norbornenes. The Reaction of Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-7-one with Peracid<sup>1,2</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of 7-Substituted Norbornenes. The Reaction of Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-7-one with Peracid1,2P. G. Gassman and P. G. PapeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 1, 160–163Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01024a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01024a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views373Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fine-grain access control for distributed shared memory (1994)

This paper discusses implementations of fine-grain memory access control, which selectively restricts reads and writes to cache-block-sized memory regions. Fine-grain access control forms the basis of efficient cache-coherent shared memory. This paper focuses on low-cost implementations that require little or no additional hardware. These techniques permit efficient implementation of shared memory on a wide range of parallel systems, thereby providing shared-memory codes with a portability previously limited to message passing. This paper categorizes techniques based on where access control is enforced and where access conflicts are handled. We incorporated three techniques that require no additional hardware into Blizzard, a system that supports distributed shared memory on the CM-5. The first adds a software lookup before each shared-memory reference by modifying the program's executable. The second uses the memory's error correcting code (ECC) as cache-block valid bits. The third is a hybrid. The software technique ranged from slightly faster to two times slower than the ECC approach. Blizzard's performance is roughly comparable to a hardware shared-memory machine. These results argue that clusters of workstations or personal computers with networks comparable to the CM-5's will be able to support the same shared-memory interfaces as supercomputers.
mTOR and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (2011)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an evolutionarily conserved serine-threonine protein kinase, belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase family, which contains a lipid kinase-like domain within their C-terminal region. Recent studies have revealed that mTOR as a critical intracellular molecule can sense the extracellular energy status and regulate the cell growth and proliferation in a variety of cells and tissues. This review summarizes our current understanding about the effects of mTOR on cell differentiation and tissue development, with an emphasis on the lineage determination of mesenchymal stem cells. mTOR can promote adipogenesis in white adipocytes, brown adipocytes, and muscle satellite cells, while rapamycin inhibits the adipogenic function of mTOR. mTOR signaling may function to affect osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, however, rapamycin has been reported to either inhibit or promote osteogenesis. Although the precise mechanism remains unclear, mTOR is indispensable for myogenesis. Depending on the cell type, rapamycin has been reported to inhibit, promote, or have no effect on myogenesis.
First Field Trial of an OpenFlow-based Unified Control Plane for Multi-layer Multi-granularity Optical Networks (2012)

We report a world first field trial of an OpenFlow-based unified control plane for multilayer multi-granularity optical networks, verifying its overall feasibility and efficiency, and quantitatively evaluating the latencies for end-to-end path creation and restoration.
Segmentation and tracking individual Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in dense populations of motile cells (2009)

The dynamics of individual bacteria underlies the manifestation of complex multicellular behaviours such as biofilm development and colony expansion. High resolution movies of expanding bacterial colonies reveal intriguing patterns of cell motions. A quantitative understanding of the observed behaviour in relation to the bacteria's own motile apparatus and to hydrodynamic forces requires that bacteria be identified and tracked over time. This represents a demanding undertaking as their size is close to the diffraction limit; they are very close to each other; and a typical image may contain over a thousand cells. Here, we describe the approach that we have developed to segment individual bacteria and track them in high resolution phase contrast microscopy movies. We report that over 99% of non-overlapping bacteria could be segmented correctly using mathematical morphology, and we present preliminary results that exploit this new capability.