gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synchronous Collaborative Information Retrieval with Relevance Feedback (2006)

Collaboration has been identified as an important aspect in information seeking. People meet to discuss and share ideas and through this interaction an information need is quite often identified. However the process of resolving this information need, through interacting with a search engine and performing a search task, is still an individual activity. We propose an environment which allows users to collaborate to satisfy a shared information need. We discuss ways to divide the search task amongst collaborators and propose the use of relevance feedback, a common information retrieval process, to enable the transfer of knowledge across collaborators during a search session. We describe the process by which co-searchers can collaborate effectively with little redundancy and how we can combine relevance judgements from multiple searchers into a coherent model for synchronous collaborative information retrieval
Physical Activity and Survival After Breast Cancer Diagnosis (2005)

Physical activity after a breast cancer diagnosis may reduce the risk of death from this disease. The greatest benefit occurred in women who performed the equivalent of walking 3 to 5 hours per week at an average pace, with little evidence of a correlation between increased benefit and greater energy expenditure. Women with breast cancer who follow US physical activity recommendations may improve their survival.
On the fundamental role of oxygen for the photochromic effect of WO3 (1993)

The photochromic effect of thin amorphous WO3 films, i.e., the coloration upon exposing the sample to ultraviolet light, has been investigated by means of optically excited surface plasmons. Due to the high sensitivity of this technique, it was possible to investigate the dynamics of this effect on a scale as short as seconds. Our results demonstrate the dominant role of oxygen during the coloration and bleaching processes. We found clear evidence of an oxygen exchange between the sample and the ambient atmosphere during the photochromic process, which is at variance with the widely accepted double charge injection model. The coloration rate shows the same wavelength dependence as that of the creation rate of electron-hole pairs formed by optical excitation. The results can be explained by the light-induced decomposition of the incorporated water.
Incorporating semantics-based search and policy-based access control mechanism in context service delivery (2005)

Context aware computing utilizes the information embedded in physical and computational environments to provide services adaptive to users' preferences. As these services become more pervasive, the need for a service delivery mechanism arises. Due to the diversity, magnitude and nature of the contextual information, a context-based service delivery mechanism is required which can not only identify the most appropriately matching services for the interested clients but can also ensure that the contextual information is not compromised by providing services to illicit consumers. This paper focuses on the issues of service delivery in pervasive computing environments where services and clients are vast, varied and completely decoupled from each other. Semantics-based attributes are used for service registration and lookup. Privacy is maintained by incorporating policy based access control mechanisms in the service delivery modules.
Ornithine decarboxylase assay in human colorectal mucosa. Methodologic issues of importance to quality control (1992)

Ornithine decarboxylase may be a useful biomarker for risk of neoplasia in colorectal tissues. Investigators have reported enzyme activities varying by as much as 10- to 20-fold using variations of the usual 14CO2 release assay. We have examined the effect of different methodologic factors on calculated ornithine decarboxylase activity. Major effects on the assay result (greater than 20% change) were produced by: (1) use of Tris vs. phosphate buffer, the former yielding 1.5- to 4-fold greater activity; (2) protein content of the reaction mixture with significant error if less than 50 micrograms; (3) use of alpha-difluoro-methylornithine-inhibited blank versus buffer-only blank. Other changes in assay conditions, including addition of sucrose, detergent, protease inhibitors, specific activity of 14C-ornithine, the nature of the trapping agent used, and incorporation of a sonication step, did not have a significant effect on ODC quantification (less than or equal to 20%). Thus, seemingly minor variations in assay conditions can greatly affect the results, which may provide a partial explanation for the variability of ODC activities reported in the literature. Strict quality control measures are mandatory in the interpretation of clinical observations utilizing this marker as an endpoint.
Expression of CD44 in pancreatic cancer and its significance. (2015)

CD44 were related to the distant metastasis and aggressive malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer. CD44 may regulate tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis partially via PI3K/AKT or MAPK/ERK regulatory pathway.
Improved neural network based language modelling and adaptation (2010)

Neural network language models (NNLM) have become an increasingly popular choice for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) tasks, due to their inherent generalisation and discriminative power. This paper present two techniques to improve performance of standard NNLMs. First, the form of NNLM is modelled by introduction an additional output layer node to model the probability mass of out-of-shortlist (OOS) words. An associated probability normalisation scheme is explicitly derived. Second, a novel NNLM adaptation method using a cascaded network is proposed. Consistent WER reductions were obtained on a state-of-the-art Arabic LVCSR task over conventional NNLMs. Further performance gains were also observed after NNLM adaptation.
Predictive Decision Support to Protect Power Systems against Wind Farm Drop Outs (2015)

A predictive decision support algorithm for power systems with a high share of renewable generation is presented. We consider a scenario where, e.g. within 1 hour, the renewable share is first gradually increased and compensated by secondary reserve. Then, a sudden disconnection of one or several wind farms occurs, e.g., because of violated fault ride through requirements. This disconnection has to be compensated by primary reserve. For this scenario, the proposed algorithm provides suggestions how to distribute the secondary reserve such that the subsequent wind farm drop out does not lead to an unacceptable power flow. The algorithm is based on novel power flow optimization techniques. Hence, it only considers the steady-state power flow after the wind farm drop out but does not consider constraints on the transient dynamics. The algorithm is illustrated in a practical simulation example.
Etudes sur les Phosphonolipides de la Bile de Boeuf (1976)

This investigation was carried out to demonstrate the occurrence of phosphonolipids in bovine gall bladder bile. It has been demonstrated that the bovine bile contains three phosphonolipids (glyceryl-ciliatine, glyceryl-trimethyl-ciliatine and ceramide-ciliatine) with a combination of silicic acid column and silica gel thin-layer chromatographic behavior and chemical properties.
Fluorescence energy transfer between metal ions in thermolysin. Thermal denaturation studies (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence energy transfer between metal ions in thermolysin. Thermal denaturation studiesShakoor M. Khan, Edward R. Birnbaum, and Dennis W. DarnallCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 22, 4669–4674Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00615a013https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00615a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relation of Molecular Structure to Detergency of Some Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelation of Molecular Structure to Detergency of Some Alkylbenzene SulfonatesF. N. BaumgartnerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 6, 1349–1352Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50534a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50534a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
KLOOS: KL Divergence-based Out-of-Scope Intent Detection in Human-to-Machine Conversations (2020)

User intent is not restricted in human-to-machine conversations, and sometimes overshoots the scope of a designed system. Many tasks for understanding conversations require the elimination of such out-of-scope queries. We propose an out-of-scope intent detection method, called KLOOS, based on a novel feature extraction mechanism that incorporates the information accumulation of sequential word processing. Information is accumulated by KL divergence between the intent distributions of consecutive words. The performance of our approach is compared with the conventional classifiers and state-of-the-art language models fine-tuned for out-of-scope detection on three spoken query collections. The results show that KLOOS statistically significantly improves out-of-scope sensitivity in all cases, while the overall performance is not deteriorated in most cases.
Synaptophysin regulates clathrin-independent endocytosis of synaptic vesicles (2000)

The GTPase dynamin I is required for synaptic vesicle (SV) endocytosis. Our observation that dynamin binds to the SV protein synaptophysin in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion suggested the possibility that a dynamin/synaptophysin complex functions in SV recycling. In this paper we show that disruption of the dynamin/synaptophysin interaction by peptide injection into the squid giant synapse preterminal results in a decrease in transmitter release during high-frequency stimulation, indicating an inhibition of SV recycling. Electron microscopy of these synapses reveals a depletion of SVs, demonstrating a block of vesicle retrieval after fusion. In addition, we observed an increase in clathrin-coated vesicles, indicating that the peptide does not block clathrin-dependent endocytosis. We conclude that the dynamin/synaptophysin complex functions in a clathrin-independent mechanism of SV endocytosis that is required for efficient synaptic transmission.
Protective anti-inflammatory effect of ADAMTS13 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice (2012)

Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death in the western world. Although essential for successful recovery, reperfusion of ischemic myocardium is inevitably associated with reperfusion injury. To investigate a potential protective role of ADAMTS13, a protease cleaving von Willebrand factor multimers, during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, we used a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. We found that Adamts13(-/-) mice developed larger myocardial infarctions than wild-type control mice, whereas treatment of wild-type mice with recombinant human ADAMTS13 (rhADAMTS13) led to smaller infarctions. The protective effect of ADAMTS13 was further confirmed by a significant reduction of cardiac troponin-I release and less myocardial apoptosis in mice that received rhADAMTS13 compared with controls. Platelets adherent to the blood vessel wall were observed in few areas in the heart samples from mice treated with vehicle and were not detected in samples from mice treated with rhADAMTS13. However, we observed a 9-fold reduction in number of neutrophils infiltrating ischemic myocardium in mice that were treated with rhADAMTS13, suggesting a potent anti-inflammatory effect of ADAMTS13 during heart injury. Our data show that ADAMTS13 reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice and indicate that rhADAMTS13 could be of therapeutic value to limit myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Microwave joining and repair of composite materials (1991)

Abstract A novel technique that uses microwave power for joining and repair of thermoplastic and thermoset composites and ceramics is discussed. Enhanced microwave heating resulting from the use of conducting polymers and chiral microinclusions shows considerable promise for joining and repair of composites. The method is attractive because it produces clean and reliable interfacial joints, it is fast, it does not entail alteration of the bulk materials, and it does not result in volumetric heating. System details, including magnetron, waveguides, circulators, coupling iris, and the applicator for delivering microwave power, are described. Material requirements for the efficient absorption of microwave power are discussed. Microwave heating can be increased by doping the components to be joined or by the use of microwave adhesive films. Recent developments in electromagnetic chirality for microwave absorption are introduced and the design of composite materials for enhanced absorptivity is discussed. Results are presented for the welding and repair of thermoplastic, thermoset, and ceramic components.
Two mutations in the tetracycline repressor change the inducer anhydrotetracycline to a corepressor (2004)

We report for the first time the in vitro characterization of a reverse tetracycline repressor (revTetR). The dimeric wild-type repressor (TetR) binds to tet operator tetO in the absence of the inducer anhydrotetracycline (atc) to confer tight repression. We have isolated the revTetR G96E L205S mutant, which, contrary to TetR, binds tetO only in the presence of atc. This reverse acting mutant was overproduced and purified. Effector and DNA binding properties were analyzed by EMSA and quantified by fluorescence titration and surface plasmon resonance. The association constant K(A) of revTetR for binding of [atcMg](+) is approximately 10(8) M(-1), four orders of magnitude lower than that of TetR. The affinity of TetR for tetO is 5.6 +/- 2 x 10(9) M(-1) and that for revTetR in the presence of atc is 1 +/- 0.2 x 10(8) M(-1). Both induced forms, the atc-bound TetR and the free revTetR, have the same low affinity of 4 +/- 1 x 10(5) M(-1) for DNA. Therefore, atc does not act as a dimerization agent for revTetR. We discuss the structural differences between TetR and revTetR potentially underlying this reversal of activity.
Impaired contrast sensitivity in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy: a new technique for rapid assessment. (1985)

A simple technique is described for assessing the sensitivity of the human visual system to gratings at threshold contrast. The technique has advantages for clinical use in that it is (1) inexpensive, (2) quick to administer, (3) portable, and (4) relatively free from bias. Forty-two diabetic patients and 84 normal controls have been tested. Fifteen diabetic patients (6/20 with retinopathy and 9/22 without) had test scores more than two standard deviations below the norm for age-matched controls.
Haptic feedback on the steering wheel to maximize front axle grip (2012)

Traditional Electronic Stability Control (ESC) systems influence planar vehicle motions to better match these to the driver’s intention. These systems use the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) hardware to generate the needed tire forces. This has a large impact on longitudinal vehicle motions. A second method of altering the front wheel tire forces is Active Front Steering (AFS), which alters the steering angle of the front wheels and therefore has a lower impact on longitudinal motions. A combined braking and AFS ESC system can ensure the braking action is postponed, or not executed at all. Haptic feedback on the steering wheel has proven to be helpful in vehicle control for lanekeeping systems. If a feedback torque can be designed that will achieve the same steering angle change an AFS system would, the benefits of a combined braking and AFS ESC system can be obtained without installing extra hardware. It is exactly such a feedback torque that is investigated in this research. It will guide drivers to the maximum front axle grip to help them achieve their desired vehicle motions. The corresponding steering angle will be selected from a range of steering angles, based on the lateral front axle force that will be generated at that steering angle. To find the front axle lateral force, a Pacejka tire model will be used. The feedback system is tested on a real vehicle. Nine test drivers drove the test vehicle with and without feedback on a circle with low friction surface (skid-pad) and on a small test track to test the effect of the feedback torque on their driving behavior in constant and dynamic circumstances. They were given instructions to follow the tracks as fast as possible, so that the desired yaw rate will be the maximum possible yaw rate and the feedback torque will guide towards the maximum front axle grip. On the skid-pad the feedback controller worked as intended: drivers managed to achieve a higher yaw rate. The analysis of the behavior on the track was hampered by changed circumstances between the tests with and without feedback. The analysis did show that the controller made the vehicle ‘eager to steer’; the feedback torque advised drivers to steer more. This led to quicker corner entries, but slower corner exits. The most noticeable change was found in road position, where the haptic feedback resulted in changed and more constant driving lines. There is room for improvement of the controller: it is recommended to ensure that any feedback torque will not work against steering straight to prevent drivers from problems with exiting corners.
FPGA-Based Hardware Accelerator of Homomorphic Encryption for Efficient Federated Learning (2020)

With the increasing awareness of privacy protection and data fragmentation problem, federated learning has been emerging as a new paradigm of machine learning. Federated learning tends to utilize various privacy preserving mechanisms to protect the transferred intermediate data, among which homomorphic encryption strikes a balance between security and ease of utilization. However, the complicated operations and large operands impose significant overhead on federated learning. Maintaining accuracy and security more efficiently has been a key problem of federated learning. In this work, we investigate a hardware solution, and design an FPGA-based homomorphic encryption framework, aiming to accelerate the training phase in federated learning. The root complexity lies in searching for a compact architecture for the core operation of homomorphic encryption, to suit the requirement of federated learning about high encryption throughput and flexibility of configuration. Our framework implements the representative Paillier homomorphic cryptosystem with high level synthesis for flexibility and portability, with careful optimization on the modular multiplication operation in terms of processing clock cycle, resource usage and clock frequency. Our accelerator achieves a near-optimal execution clock cycle, with a better DSP-efficiency than existing designs, and reduces the encryption time by up to 71% during training process of various federated learning models.
Electrochemically Thinned N/N+ Epitaxial Silicon—Method and Applications (1971)

The method of thinning n/n+ epitaxial silicon wafers by selective anodic dissolution of the substrate in aqueous is described. Some of the properties of the system are discussed and applications are presented. It appears the technique is best suited for use where the material has not had extensive prior processing, especially n+ diffusions, and/or where the epitaxial layer is of high resistivity. The most promising areas of application appear to be: (a) fabrication of thin films for experimental purposes, (b) thinning of simple diode arrays, and (c) solid dielectric isolated IC fabrication. Considerable impediments to use of the process are the necessity of having epitaxial layers of unusual perfection and the fact that local anodic etching occurs at sites of high carrier generation.
Oral immunization of dogs against tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis. (1978)

Mongrel dogs were revaccinated three weeks after basic parenteral immunization with a DT-vaccine with 3 X 3 capsules of an enteric coated oral vaccine, which contained 500 Lf in each of the capsules. When there was a basic titer of 0.005 IU/ml serum, the titer went up to 10 IU/ml by oral vaccination. Similar levels were obtained when lozenges containing the same amount of toxoid were used for revaccination. A twofold buccal vaccination without preceding parenteral vaccination yielded no protective titers. Also a parenteral basic immunization with a diluted DPT-vaccine, followed by oral vaccination with enteric coated capsules, containing a soluble pertussis vaccine, resulted in no titers measured by bacterial agglutination test. In the cases of diphtheria and tetanus only part of the animals showed elevated titres after oral vaccination and protective titers could only be reached if rather high amounts of toxoids were administered orally. It can be concluded from the results that an oral revaccination does not confer protective immunity comparable to that conferred by parenteral vaccination.