gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring reversal of HIV-1 latency ex vivo using cells from infected individuals (2014)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Interferometric testing for off-axis aspherical mirrors with computer-generated holograms (2012)

The interferometers with computer generated holograms (CGHs) have been used to measure off-axis aspherical mirrors. However, the conventional CGH interferometer could not produce a high lateral resolution because of the blur and the distortion of the interferogram of the test mirror caused by the nonzero order diffraction of the CGH. We further develop the application of CGHs concerning interferometers in order to improve the lateral resolution of the interferogram. In particular, we change the application of the CGH in such a way that the returned test beam passes through the CGH with zeroth order diffraction and demonstrates the performance of the CGH interferometer when used for the measurement of the primary mirror of the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory 3.8 m telescope project. As a result, our CGH interferometer produces a good interferogram with high resolution of 2.8 mm for the off-axis aspherical mirror with a size of 1.2 m. With improved usage of the CGH, we successfully demonstrated a high lateral resolution interferometer.
Polysaccharide Produced by the Genus <i>Pullularia</i> (1963)

A dextranlike polysaccharide was found to be produced on substrates of sucrose, maltose, glucose, and fructose by growing cells of various strains of the genus Pullularia. The polysaccharide, obtainable in amounts as large as 2 to 3 g per 100 ml of culture medium using various carbohydrates as the carbon source, was soluble in cold water but not in 50% alcohol. The polysaccharide obtained had a alpha(d) = +197.5 degrees (c = 0.2 in water), and its molecular weight, determined by the light-scattering method, was found to be approximately 250,000.
Advanced ultrasonic measurement methodology for non-invasive interrogation and identification of fluids in sealed containers (2006)

Government agencies and homeland security related organizations have identified the need to develop and establish a wide range of unprecedented capabilities for providing scientific and technical forensic services to investigations involving hazardous chemical, biological, and radiological materials, including extremely dangerous chemical and biological warfare agents. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed a prototype portable, hand-held, hazardous materials acoustic inspection prototype that provides noninvasive container interrogation and material identification capabilities using nondestructive ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements. Due to the wide variety of fluids as well as container sizes and materials encountered in various law enforcement inspection activities, the need for high measurement sensitivity and advanced ultrasonic measurement techniques were identified. The prototype was developed using a versatile electronics platform, advanced ultrasonic wave propagation methods, and advanced signal processing techniques. This paper primarily focuses on the ultrasonic measurement methods and signal processing techniques incorporated into the prototype. High bandwidth ultrasonic transducers combined with an advanced pulse compression technique allowed researchers to 1) obtain high signal-to-noise ratios and 2) obtain accurate and consistent time-of-flight (TOF) measurements through a variety of highly attenuative containers and fluid media. Results of work conducted in the laboratory have demonstrated that the prototype experimental measurement technique also provided information regarding container properties, which will be utilized in future container-independent measurements of hidden liquids.
Real-time video-rate perfusion imaging using multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging and machine learning (2020)

The presented MELSCI system allows for real-time acquisition and calculation of high-quality perfusion at 15.6 frames per second.
Mouse ChemR23 Is Expressed in Dendritic Cell Subsets and Macrophages, and Mediates an Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Chemerin in a Lung Disease Model (2009)

Chemerin is the ligand of the ChemR23 receptor and a chemoattractant factor for human immature dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and NK cells. In this study, we characterized the mouse chemerin/ChemR23 system in terms of pharmacology, structure-function, distribution, and in vivo biological properties. Mouse chemerin is synthesized as an inactive precursor (prochemerin) requiring, as in human, the precise processing of its C terminus for generating an agonist of ChemR23. Mouse ChemR23 is highly expressed in immature plasmacytoid DCs and at lower levels in myeloid DCs, macrophages, and NK cells. Mouse prochemerin is expressed in most epithelial cells acting as barriers for pathogens but not in leukocytes. Chemerin promotes calcium mobilization and chemotaxis on DCs and macrophages and these functional responses were abrogated in ChemR23 knockout mice. In a mouse model of acute lung inflammation induced by LPS, chemerin displayed potent anti-inflammatory properties, reducing neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine release in a ChemR23-dependent manner. ChemR23 knockout mice were unresponsive to chemerin and displayed an increased neutrophil infiltrate following LPS challenge. Altogether, the mouse chemerin/ChemR23 system is structurally and functionally conserved between human and mouse, and mouse can therefore be considered as a good model for studying the anti-inflammatory role of this system in the regulation of immune responses and inflammatory diseases.
Mechanistic characterization of the 5′-triphosphate-dependent activation of PKR: Lack of 5′-end nucleobase specificity, evidence for a distinct triphosphate binding site, and a critical role for the dsRBD (2012)

The protein kinase PKR is activated by RNA to phosphorylate eIF-2α, inhibiting translation initiation. Long dsRNA activates PKR via interactions with the dsRNA-binding domain (dsRBD). Weakly structured RNA also activates PKR and does so in a 5'-triphosphate (ppp)-dependent fashion, however relatively little is known about this pathway. We used a mutant T7 RNA polymerase to incorporate all four triphosphate-containing nucleotides into the first position of a largely single-stranded RNA and found absence of selectivity, in that all four transcripts activate PKR. Recognition of 5'-triphosphate, but not the nucleobase at the 5'-most position, makes this RNA-mediated innate immune response sensitive to a broad array of viruses. PKR was neither activated in the presence of γ-GTP nor recognized NTPs other than ATP in activation competition and ITC binding assays. This indicates that the binding site for ATP is selective, which contrasts with the site for the 5' end of ppp-ssRNA. Activation experiments reveal that short dsRNAs compete with 5'-triphosphate RNAs and heparin for activation, and likewise gel-shift assays reveal that activating 5'-triphosphate RNAs and heparin compete with short dsRNAs for binding to PKR's dsRBD. The dsRBD thus plays a critical role in the activation of PKR by ppp-ssRNA and even heparin. At the same time, cross-linking experiments indicate that ppp-ssRNA interacts with PKR outside of the dsRBD as well. Overall, 5'-triphosphate-containing, weakly structured RNAs activate PKR via interactions with both the dsRBD and a distinct triphosphate binding site that lacks 5'-nucleobase specificity, allowing the innate immune response to provide broad-spectrum protection from pathogens.
2007 남북정상회담의 의의 (2007)

본 논문에서는 제2차 남북정상회담을 남북한 간의 영구적 평화체제 확립, 남북경협의 활성화 및 평화통일 등 3가지 측면에서 그 의의를 찾아보는데 목적을 두었다. 노무현대통령은 육로로 평양을 방문하였으며, 양 정상은 8개항으로 된 공동선언을 발표하였다. 한반도의 평화와 안전보장 등에 관한 공동선언은 평화공존과 공동번영을 통한 평화적 통일을 지향하고 있음을 시사해준다. 남북경협에 관한 공동선언 조항들은 ‘서해안평화협력특별지대’ 설치와 같이 매우 획기적인 것이어서 앞으로 남북 간 경제협력의 범위와 깊이가 크게 변화될 것임을 나타내주고 있다. 남북한이 공동선언에 나타난 목적을 달성하기 위해서는 남북한이 공동으로 노력하는 것이 중요하지만 북한 핵문제의 해결, 종전선언을 통한 평화체제의 확립 및 국제사회의 지지를 얻어내는 과정이 필요하다고 하겠다.
Nonpolar a-plane GaN film on Si(100) produced using a specially designed lattice-matched buffer: A fresh approach to eliminate the polarization effect (2005)

Using pulsed laser deposition, nonpolar a-plane GaN thin films were grown on Si(100) substrates coated with a nonpolar MnS(100) plane buffer layer. The film showed an epitaxial relationship of GaN(112¯0)∥MnS(100)∥Si(100) with an in-plane alignment of GaN[1¯100]∥MnS[010]∥Si[010]. The high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy image of the GaN∕MnS interface showed an abrupt atomic interface. A strong band-edge emission from the GaN film was observed at 364.3nm (=3.4eV) in cathodoluminescence measurements at 30K. This result in controlling the growth plane provides GaN films free of polarization effects in the direction of film growth, which favor the integration of optoelectronic devices combined with silicon.
An Energy-Efficient Reconfigurable DTLS Cryptographic Engine for Securing Internet-of-Things Applications (2019)

This paper presents the first hardware implementation of the datagram transport layer security (DTLS) protocol to enable end-to-end security for the Internet of Things (IoT). A key component of this design is a reconfigurable prime field elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) accelerator that is 238× and 9× more energy-efficient compared to software and state-of-the-art hardware, respectively. Our full hardware implementation of the DTLS 1.3 protocol provides 438× improvement in energy-efficiency over software, along with code size and data memory usage as low as 8 and 3 KB, respectively. The cryptographic accelerators are coupled with an on-chip low-power RISC-V processor to benchmark applications beyond DTLS with up to two orders of magnitude energy savings. The test chip, fabricated in 65-nm CMOS, demonstrates hardware-accelerated DTLS sessions while consuming 44.08 μJ/handshake and 0.89 nJ/byte of the encrypted data at 16 MHz and 0.8 V.
VLSI neuroprocessors for video motion detection (1993)

The system design of a locally connected competitive neural network for video motion detection is presented. The motion information from a sequence of image data can be determined through a two-dimensional multiprocessor array in which each processing element consists of an analog neuroprocessor. Massively parallel neurocomputing is done by compact and efficient neuroprocessors. Local data transfer between the neuroprocessors is performed by using an analog point-to-point interconnection scheme. To maintain strong signal strength over the whole system, global data communication between the host computer and neuroprocessors is carried out in a digital common bus. A mixed-signal very large scale integration (VLSI) neural chip that includes multiple neuroprocessors for fast video motion detection has been developed. Measured results of the programmable synapse, and winner-takes-all circuitry are presented. Based on the measurement data, system-level analysis on a sequence of real-world images was conducted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Notch is required for long-term memory in <i>Drosophila</i> (2004)

A role for Notch in the elaboration of existing neural processes is emerging that is distinct from the increasingly well understood function of this gene in binary cell-fate decisions. Several research groups, by using a variety of organisms, have shown that Notch is important in the development of neural ultrastructure. Simultaneously, Presenilin (Psn) was identified both as a key mediator of Notch signaling and as a site of genetic lesions that cause early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Here we demonstrate that Notch loss of function produces memory deficits in Drosophila melanogaster. The effects are specific to long-term memory, which is thought to depend on ultrastructural remodeling. We propose that Notch plays an important role in the neural plasticity underlying consolidated memory.
Rendering the "poppy-seed defense" defenseless: identification of 6-monoacetylmorphine in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. (1988)

Abstract We report a sensitive, rapid, quantitative gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopic method for measuring the 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) metabolite of heroin in 0.5 mL of human urine. After a simple liquid-liquid extraction and derivatization, the trimethylsilyl derivative of 6-MAM is identified from its retention time (total ion current) and by selected ion monitoring. The limit of detection was 10 micrograms/L, corresponding to 0.2 ng of trimethylsilyl-6-MAM injected into the gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The presence of 6-MAM in urine is indicative of heroin. 6-MAM is not present in poppy seeds or in urine after the ingestion of products containing poppy seed.
Oscillometric flow cell for measurement of conductivity and permittivity (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOscillometric flow cell for measurement of conductivity and permittivityErno. Pungor, Ferenc. Pal, and Klara. TothCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 11, 1728–1731Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00261a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00261a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temperature Control of Fimbriation Circuit Switch in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: Quantitative Analysis via Automated Model Abstraction (2010)

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) represent the predominant cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). A key UPEC molecular virulence mechanism is type 1 fimbriae, whose expression is controlled by the orientation of an invertible chromosomal DNA element-the fim switch. Temperature has been shown to act as a major regulator of fim switching behavior and is overall an important indicator as well as functional feature of many urologic diseases, including UPEC host-pathogen interaction dynamics. Given this panoptic physiological role of temperature during UTI progression and notable empirical challenges to its direct in vivo studies, in silico modeling of corresponding biochemical and biophysical mechanisms essential to UPEC pathogenicity may significantly aid our understanding of the underlying disease processes. However, rigorous computational analysis of biological systems, such as fim switch temperature control circuit, has hereto presented a notoriously demanding problem due to both the substantial complexity of the gene regulatory networks involved as well as their often characteristically discrete and stochastic dynamics. To address these issues, we have developed an approach that enables automated multiscale abstraction of biological system descriptions based on reaction kinetics. Implemented as a computational tool, this method has allowed us to efficiently analyze the modular organization and behavior of the E. coli fimbriation switch circuit at different temperature settings, thus facilitating new insights into this mode of UPEC molecular virulence regulation. In particular, our results suggest that, with respect to its role in shutting down fimbriae expression, the primary function of FimB recombinase may be to effect a controlled down-regulation (rather than increase) of the ON-to-OFF fim switching rate via temperature-dependent suppression of competing dynamics mediated by recombinase FimE. Our computational analysis further implies that this down-regulation mechanism could be particularly significant inside the host environment, thus potentially contributing further understanding toward the development of novel therapeutic approaches to UPEC-caused UTIs.
Integrated low-power 24-channel EEG front-end (2005)

The first integrated CMOS multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) readout front-end, capable of extracting EEG signals from conventional AgCl electrodes without the use of any trimmed components, is presented. Each channel of the ASIC achieves better than 90 dB common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) at 50 Hz with 50 mV DC offset between EEG electrodes. This is consistent with the presented formula describing the CMRR behaviour of the preamplifier under DC electrode offset. The front-end includes 24 channels and consumes 10.5 mW from a 3 V supply.
Clinical Trials of New and Novel Therapeutic Agents (1996)

Throughout this issue of World Journal of Surgery are recommendations and descriptions of therapy to prevent the development of multiple organ failure (MOF). The subjects include advances in monitoring; circulatory, pulmonary, and gut support; blood treatment; immune modulation; and control of the inflammatory process. Additional methods of organ support include recommendations for resuscitation and initial care and for early definitive operations. New therapeutic agents such as growth factors, glucan, ketaconazole, and antithrombin III are described. Finally, methods to support organ function before it fails (circulation, lungs, and kidneys) are described.
Sensor networks for cabled ocean observatories (2003)

An infrastructure for global, regional, and coastal sub-sea observatories is being planned to support individual and networked sensors. Secondary cables and junction boxes, moorings, and downbore tools could extend the horizontal reach by tens to hundreds of km from the primary cable and nodes throughout the water column and down boreholes into the crust. The support infrastructure could include navigation and communications systems, free-swimming AUV's, and bottom rovers that could carry sensors and could provide data and energy "tanker" service.
The Human TRPV6 Channel Protein Is Associated with Cyclophilin B in Human Placenta (2008)

Transcellular calcium transport in the kidney, pancreas, small intestine, and placenta is partly mediated by transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The highly selective TRPV6 calcium channel protein is most likely important for the calcium transfer in different specialized epithelial cells. In the human placenta the protein is expressed in trophoblast tissue, where it is implicated in the transepithelial calcium transfer from mother to the fetus. We enriched the TRPV6 channel protein endogenously expressed in placenta together with annexin A2 and cyclophilin B (CypB), which is a member of the huge immunophilin family. In the human placenta TRPV6 and CypB are mainly located intracellularly in the syncytiotrophoblast layer, but a small amount of the mature glycosylated TRPV6 channel protein and CypB is also expressed in microvilli apical membranes, the fetomaternal barrier. To understand the role of CypB on the TRPV6 channel function, we evaluated the effect of CypB co-expression on TRPV6-mediated calcium uptake into Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing TRPV6. A significant increase of TRPV6-mediated calcium uptake was observed after CypB/TRPV6 co-expression. This stimulatory effect of CypB was reversed by the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A, which inhibits the enzymatic activity of CypB. Cyclosporin A had no significant effect on TRPV6 and CypB protein expression levels in the oocytes. In summary, our results establish CypB as a new TRPV6 accessory protein with potential involvement in TRPV6 channel activation through its peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity.
Design optimization of SNCR DeNO{sub x} injection lances (1996)

Because of the temperature sensitivity of SNCR processes, load following control to minimize NH{sub 3} slip is a critical issue. Advanced retractable injection lances (ARIL) provide improved load following control for SNCR DeNO{sub x}. Using ARIL technology for SNCR DeNO{sub x}, 30% to 50% DeNO{sub x} can be achieved while limiting NH{sub 3} slip to 10 ppm. One ARIL lance is located at each boiler sidewall, each supplied with compressed air and liquid chemical. A row of nozzles on the sidewall. of the lance form a {open_quotes}jet curtain{close_quotes} to provide flue gas cross-sectional coverage. Load following is provided by automatically rotating the ARIL lances in response to a furnace exit gas temperature (FEGT) or a boiler load signal. Design optimization is required for most boilers, generally including field testing and cold flow modeling. Field tests using {open_quotes}stub{close_quotes} lances have verified low NH{sub 3} slip at 40% DeNO{sub x} or more. Flow model tests have shown how to optimize the location of the ARIL lances so that improved flue gas mixing can be achieved without increasing air compressor capacity, which is typically less than 0.2% of plant output. ARM SNCR DeNO{sub x} was demonstrated in 1991 at Pacific Gas & Electric Co. Morro Bay Unit 3 (330 MW). Two additional ARIL systems have been installed on coal-fired boilers, one at Public Service Co. of Colorado, Arapahoe Unit 4, (100 MW, balanced draft), and the other at Public Service of New Hampshire, Merrimack Unit 1, (120 MW, cyclone-fired). Although the total installed cost for smaller 100 MW coal-fired plants is about $$15/kW, the total installed cost of ARIL technology for SNCR DeNO{sub x}, on larger plants (due to economies of scale) is expected to be in the range of $$7/kW to $10/kW.
Interference assisted lithography for patterning of 1D gridded design (2009)

We present Interference Assisted Lithography (IAL) as a promising and cost-effective solution for extending lithography. IAL achieves a final pattern by combining an interference exposure with a trim exposure. The implementation of IAL requires that today's 2D random layouts be converted to highly regular 1D gridded designs. We show that an IAL-friendly 6T SRAM bitcell can be designed following 1D gridded design rules and that the electrical characteristics is comparable to today's 2D design. Lithography simulations confirm that the proposed bitcell can be successfully imaged with IAL.
Is there any relationship between coronary artery disease and postprandial triglyceride levels? (2011)

Our data show that in patients who have a high fasting triglyceride level, high levels of PPTG may be related to CAD, however high PPTG levels are not related to CAD in patients with normal fasting levels of triglyceride.