gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New chiral [<i>N,N,N</i>]‐ligand containing titanium/zirconium precatalysts for 1‐hexene polymerization (2006)

Abstract The ring‐opening reaction of ( S )‐ N ‐tosyl‐2‐phenylaziridine by benzylamine in ethanol at 80 °C resulted in the formation of the ( S,S )‐bis( N ‐tosyl‐2‐amino‐2‐phenylethyl)benzylamine ligand in a 60% yield. The corresponding titanium complex, 1‐TiCl 2 , was prepared by the reaction of the dilithiated parent ligand with TiCl 4 . This precatalyst, in combination with methylaluminoxane, was capable of polymerizing 1‐hexene with good activities, resulting in the formation of good yields of low‐dispersity, high‐molecular‐weight polymers at low temperatures but higher yields of lower molecular weight polymers at higher temperatures. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of the polymers suggested high isotacticity and predominant chain termination via β‐hydride elimination. The enantiomerically pure catalysts, ( R,R )‐1‐TiCl 2 and ( S,S )‐1‐TiCl 2 , showed nearly identical polymerization results at various polymerization temperatures. However, when the catalyst was prepared from a racemic ligand, the obtained polymers had lower molecular weights with a bimodal distribution. This observation suggested diastereomeric aggregation of the racemic catalyst, which was well supported by the NMR studies, and a modified Arrhenius plot (the natural logarithm of the number‐average molecular weight vs the reciprocal of the temperature) also showed sigmoidal behavior, indicating the existence of two or more active species. Analogous zirconium precatalysts showed similar results in the polymerization of 1‐hexene. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4006–4014, 2006
Downregulation of TGF-β Signaling by Thrombin in Endothelial Cells. (2004)

Abstract Thrombin activates protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) on endothelial cells (ECs) and regulates many aspects of EC biology. A body of evidence has demonstrated that the thrombin-PAR1 pathway is critical for angiogenesis and vascular development. However, the mechanism underlying the proangiogenic effect of thrombin has not been elucidated yet. Here, we report the discovery of a novel functional link between thrombin-PAR1 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways. Using mass spectrometry, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, cell surface ELISA and a phospho-specific antibody against the serine-phosphorylated endogin, we demonstrated for the first time that thrombin via PAR1 induced the internalization of endoglin and type-II TGF-β receptor (TβRII) but not the type-I receptors in primary human ECs. This effect was mediated by protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ) that was rapidly activated by thrombin in ECs since specific inhibition of PKC-ζ caused aggregation of endoglin and TβRII on cell surface and blocked their internalization in response to thrombin. Furthermore, acute (30 min) and long-term (24 h) pretreatment of ECs with thrombin or PAR1 peptide agonist suppressed the TGF-β-induced serine phosphorylation of Smad2/3, the critical mediators of TGF-β signaling. Moreover, activation of PAR1 led to a profound clustering formation of Smad2/3 and a more spread cytosolic localization, which sequestered Smad2/3 from nucleus and prevented their nuclear translocation evoked by TGF-β. Since TGF-β and its receptors play a crucial role in the resolution phase of angiogenesis, the downregulation of TGF-β signaling by thrombin-PAR1 pathway may provide a new insight into the mechanism of the proangiogenic effect of thrombin.
ON THE INACTIVATION OF ASCORBIC ACID OXIDASE (1944)

1. In the absence of protective agents, highly purified ascorbic acid oxidase is rapidly inactivated during the enzymatic oxidation of ascorbic acid under optimum experimental conditions. This inactivation, called reaction inactivation to distinguish it from the loss in enzyme activity that frequently occurs in diluted solutions of the oxidase prior to the reaction, is indicated by incomplete oxidation of the ascorbic acid as measured by oxygen uptake; i.e., "inactivation totals." 2. A minor portion of the reaction inactivation appears to be due to environmental factors such as rate of shaking of the manometers, pH of the system, substrate concentration, and oxidase concentration. The presence of inert protein (gelatin) in the system ameliorates the environmental inactivation to a considerable extent, and variation of the above factors in the presence of gelatin has much less effect on the inactivation totals than in the absence of gelatin. 3. A major portion of the reaction inactivation of the oxidase appears to be due to some factor inherent in the ascorbic acid-ascorbic acid oxidase-oxygen system, possibly a highly reactive "redox" form of oxygen other than H(2)O(2) or H(2)O. The inactivation cannot be attributed to dehydroascorbic acid, the oxidation product of ascorbic acid. 4. Small amounts of native catalase, native peroxidase, native or denatured methemoglobin, and hemin when added to the system, markedly protect the oxidase against inactivation. Cytochrome c has no such protective action. Likewise proteins such as egg albumin, gelatin, denatured catalase, or denatured peroxidase show no such protective action. 5. None of the protective agents mentioned above affect the initial rate of oxygen uptake or change the total oxygen absorbed for complete oxidation of the ascorbic acid, and hence do not act by removal of hydrogen peroxide, per se. 6. Sodium azide and hydroxylamine hydrochloride which inhibit catalase and peroxidase activity also inhibit the protective action of these iron-porphyrin enzymes.
Self-assembly of highly efficient, broadband plasmonic absorbers for solar steam generation (2016)

The study of ideal absorbers, which can efficiently absorb light over a broad range of wavelengths, is of fundamental importance, as well as critical for many applications from solar steam generation and thermophotovoltaics to light/thermal detectors. As a result of recent advances in plasmonics, plasmonic absorbers have attracted a lot of attention. However, the performance and scalability of these absorbers, predominantly fabricated by the top-down approach, need to be further improved to enable widespread applications. We report a plasmonic absorber which can enable an average measured absorbance of ~99% across the wavelengths from 400 nm to 10 μm, the most efficient and broadband plasmonic absorber reported to date. The absorber is fabricated through self-assembly of metallic nanoparticles onto a nanoporous template by a one-step deposition process. Because of its efficient light absorption, strong field enhancement, and porous structures, which together enable not only efficient solar absorption but also significant local heating and continuous stream flow, plasmonic absorber-based solar steam generation has over 90% efficiency under solar irradiation of only 4-sun intensity (4 kW m(-2)). The pronounced light absorption effect coupled with the high-throughput self-assembly process could lead toward large-scale manufacturing of other nanophotonic structures and devices.
An intriguing “silent” mutation and a founder effect in <i>antiquitin (ALDH7A1)</i> (2007)

Recently, alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde (alpha-AASA) dehydrogenase deficiency was shown to cause pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy in a considerable number of patients. alpha-AASA dehydrogenase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a neonatal-onset epileptic encephalopathy in which seizures are resistant to antiepileptic drugs but respond immediately to the administration of pyridoxine (OMIM 266100). Increased plasma and urinary levels of alpha-AASA are associated with pathogenic mutations in the alpha-AASA dehydrogenase (ALDH7A1/antiquitin) gene. Here, we report an intriguing "silent" mutation in ALDH7A1, a novel missense mutation and a founder mutation in a Dutch cohort (10 patients) with alpha-AASA dehydrogenase deficiency.
Performance considerations for positioning with signals of opportunity (2016)

This paper presents a study on the benefit of observing several signals of opportunity for positioning purposes. Several static emitters are placed over a defined area where an user is moving and acquiring measurements to each of these emitters. The simulation considers that the user is capable of acquiring time of arrival measurements from several wireless protocols, such as WCDMA, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11ac. The variance in the measurements is modelled through the Crámer-Rao bound and a propagation model for each technology. As conclusions, this paper discusses the benefits of using multiple signals of opportunity in the context of positioning and how much the positioning performance is affected by considering different measurements combinations from several wireless technologies.
Aggregation and Binding Substances Enhance Pathogenicity in Rabbit Models of<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>Endocarditis (1998)

We investigated the importance of enterococcal aggregation substance (AS) and enterococcal binding substance (EBS) in rabbit models of Enterococcus faecalis cardiac infections. First, American Dutch belted rabbits were injected intraventricularly with 10(8) CFU and observed for 2 days. No clinical signs of illness developed in animals given AS- EBS- organisms, and all survived. All rabbits given AS- EBS+ organisms developed signs of illness, including significant pericardial inflammation, but only one of six died. All animals given AS+ EBS- organisms developed signs of illness, including pericardial inflammation, and survived. All rabbits given AS+ EBS+ organisms developed signs of illness and died. None of the rabbits receiving AS+ EBS+ organisms showed gross pericardial inflammation. The lethality and lack of inflammation are consistent with the presence of a superantigen. Rabbit and human lymphocytes were highly stimulated in vitro by cell extracts, but not cell-free culture fluids, of AS+ EBS+ organisms. In contrast, cell extracts from AS- EBS- organisms weakly stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Culture fluids from human lymphocytes stimulated with AS+/EBS+ enterococci contained high levels of gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF-beta, which is consistent with functional stimulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage activation. Subsequent experiments examined the abilities of the same strains to cause endocarditis in a catheterization model. New Zealand White rabbits underwent transaortic catheterization for 2 h, at which time catheters were removed and animals were injected with 2 x 10(9) CFU of test organisms. None of the animals given AS- EBS- organisms developed vegetations or showed autopsy evidence of tissue damage. Rabbits given AS- EBS+ or AS+ EBS- organisms developed small vegetations and had splenomegaly at autopsy. All rabbits given AS+ EBS+ organisms developed large vegetations and had splenomegaly and lung congestion at autopsy. Similar experiments that left catheters in place for 3 days revealed that all rabbits given AS- EBS- or AS+ EBS+ organisms developed vegetations, but animals given AS+ EBS+ organisms had larger vegetations and autopsy evidence of lung congestion. These experiments provide direct evidence that these two cell wall components play an important role in the pathogenesis of endocarditis as well as in conjugative plasmid transfer.
Ionic liquids based on imidazolium, ammonium and pyrrolidinium salts of the dicyanamide anion (2002)

New families of salts, based on quaternary ammonium, 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium or N-methyl-N-alkylpyrrolidinium organic cations together with the dicyanamide (dca, N(CN)2−) anion are reported. The salts are low melting compounds, all those reported are liquid at room temperature, for example 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium dicyanamide (mp −21 °C) and N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide (mp −10 °C). Some of the salts exhibit multiple crystalline phases below their melting points. Above their melting points they are stable to at least 200 °C. Many of the salts were found to be glass forming when cooled rapidly to −100 °C. The room-temperature liquids exhibit very low viscosities, for example ethylmethylimidazolium dicyanamide: η = 21 cP at ambient temperature (25 °C).
Pharmakogenetik (1996)

Gleiche Dosen eines Arzneimittels können in ihrer Wirkung von Patient zu Patient variieren. Dazu müssen krankheitsspezifische Besonderheiten und gegebenenfalls Resistenzen oder Arzneimittelinteraktionen beachtet werden. Ebenso müssen Lebensalter, Geschlecht, Körpergewicht und die Funktion der für die Pharmakokinetik wichtigen Organe, besonders der Niere und der Leber, in die Überlegungen einbezogen werden. Desweiteren beruht die interindividuelle Variabilität von Arzneimittelwirkungen und -nebenwirkungen auf erblichen Unterschieden der Arzneimittelrezeptoren und der Enzyme bzw. Proteine, die am Arzneimittelmetabolismus und -transport beteiligt sind. Die Erforschung der erblichen Determiniertheit der Arzneimittelwirkungen, -nebenwirkungen und der Pharmakokinetik beim einzelnen Patienten sowie die Berücksichtigung dieses Wissens in der Arzneitherapie umfaßt das Gebiet der Pharmakogenetik. Es gibt keine prinzipiellen Unterschiede zwischen den pharmakogenetischen Polymorphismen und den Erbkrankheiten im engeren Sinne, aber pharmakogenetische Polymorphismen werden typischerweise erst bei Belastung mit Arzneimitteln oder anderen Fremdstoffen aus der Umwelt bemerkbar, sie erzeugen sonst keine Krankheitssymptome.
<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> strain No. 14 reduces adipocyte size in mice fed high-fat diet (2010)

Because gut microbiota has recently attracted much attention as an environmental factor involved in the development of obesity, probiotics may be useful in preventing and/or improving obesity and its related disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum strain No. 14 (LP14), a bacterial strain reported to decrease body fat percentage in healthy volunteers, on adipocyte size in mice. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed either normal- or high-fat diet and administered intragastrically with LP14 (1 x 10(8) colony-forming units/mouse) or vehicle daily for 11 weeks. High dietary fat intake increased body weight gain, white adipose tissue weight, mean adipocyte size and serum total cholesterol and leptin concentrations, and decreased serum adiponectin concentration. In mice fed the high-fat diet, LP14 administration significantly reduced the mean adipocyte size and tended to reduce the white adipose tissue weight and serum total cholesterol and leptin concentrations as compared with the vehicle-administered mice. All mice had undetectable serum levels of conjugated linoleic acids that reportedly exert antiobesity action. In a separate experiment, LP14 ingestion had no influence on serum triacylglycerol accumulation following olive oil administration in Triton WR1339-treated mice, suggesting that dietary fat absorption is unaffected by LP14. In conclusion, we propose that LP14 may exert a beneficial effect on the onset of diet-induced obesity by reducing the cell size of white adipose tissues, and it seems unlikely that previously reported mechanisms for other bacterial strains are involved in the action of LP14.
Evolution of cytochrome P-450 proteins. (1987)

Thirty-four cytochrome P-450 sequences from one bacterial and six vertebrate species have been aligned with the aid of a computer alignment algorithm. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the unweighted-pair-group and neighbor-joining methods. The two trees differed at only a single branch point near the base of the tree. The cytochrome P-450 superfamily of proteins clustered into eight families and contained 16 gene-duplication events. The first gene duplication occurred approximately 1,360 Myr before the present (Mybp) and gave rise to cytochrome P-450s found in two different cellular organelles, the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Both groups utilize cholesterol or its metabolites as substrates, implying that cholesterol existed greater than 1,360 Mybp. The fourth gene duplication (approximately 900 Mybp) gave rise to the drug-metabolizing P-450s. These proteins aid in the detoxification of foreign chemicals, as opposed to the metabolism of endogenous compounds. The importance of the capacity to metabolize drugs is reflected in 11 further gene duplications occurring in this lineage. The first occurred approximately 800 Mybp and gave rise to the two major P-450 families, the phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene families. An apparent increase in the rate of cytochrome P-450 evolution is noted between the bird-mammal divergence (300 Mybp) and the mammalian radiation (75 Mybp).
Reduced-Order Nonlinear Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling Using a Surrogate-Based Recurrence Framework (2010)

A reduced-order nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic modeling approach suitable for analyzing pitching/plunging airfoils subject to fixed or time-varying freestream Mach numbers is described. The reduced-order model uses kriging surrogates to account for flow nonlinearities and recurrence solutions to account for time-history effects associated with unsteadiness. The resulting surrogate-based recurrence framework generates time-domain predictionsofunsteadylift,moment,anddragthataccuratelyapproximate computational fluiddynamicssolutions, but at a fraction of the computational cost. Results corresponding to transonic conditions demonstrate that the surrogate-based recurrence framework can mimic computational fluid dynamics predictions of unsteady aerodynamic responses when flow nonlinearities are present. For an unsteady aerodynamic modeling problem considered in this study, an accurate reduced-order model was generated by the surrogate-based recurrence framework approach with significantly fewer computational fluid dynamics evaluations compared to results reported in the literature for a similar problem in which a proper-orthogonal-decomposition-based approach was applied. Furthermore, the results show that the surrogate-based approach can accurately model time-varying freestream Mach number effects and is therefore applicable to rotary-wing applications in addition to fixed-wing applications.
<title>The Passive Cavity Gyro</title> (1983)

This paper reports our experimental results with the Passive Cavity Gyro (PCG). The angular random walks in our long- and short-term drift runs are within a factor of 3 of the setup performance limit. Optical misalignment tests indicate fairly low sensitivities of the bias and random walk to component misalignments. The PCG concept allows for the development of very high performance gyros. Also, recent results in fabrication of low-loss waveguides make PCG an attractive candidate for developing small, low-cost gyros.
TRACKING LIFT-PATHS OF A ROBOTIC TOWERCRANE WITH ENCODER SENSORS (2009)

This paper presents a robotic tower-crane system using encoder and gyroscope sensors as path tracking devices. Tower crane work is often associated with falling accidents and industrial disasters. Such problems often incur a loss of time and money for the contractor. For this reason, many studies have been done on an automatic tower crane. As a part of 5-year 23-million-dollar research project in Korea, we are developing a robotic tower crane which aims to improve the safety level and productivity. We selected a luffing tower crane, which is commonly used in urban construction projects today, as a platform for the robotic tower crane system. This system comprises two modules: the automated path planning module and the path tracking module. The automated path planning system uses the 3D Cartesian coordinates. When the robotic tower crane lifts construction material, the algorithm creates a line, which represents a lifting path, in virtual space. This algorithm seeks and generates the best route to lift construction material while avoiding known obstacles from real construction site. The path tracking system detects the location of a lifted material in terms of the 3D coordinate values using various types of sensors including adopts encoder and gyroscope sensors. We are testing various sensors as a candidate for the path tracking device. This specific study focuses on how to employ encoder and gyroscope sensors in the robotic crane These sensors measure a movement and rotary motion of the robotic tower crane. Finally, the movement of the robotic tower crane is displayed in a virtual space that synthesizes the data from two modules: the automatically planned path and the tracked paths. We are currently field-testing the feasibility of the proposed system using an actual tower crane. In the next step, the robotic tower crane will be applied to actual construction sites with a following analysis of the crane’s productivity in order to ascertain its economic efficiency.
A novel ICA-based frequency hopping receiver with correlated jamming suppression (2012)

Compared with common jamming techniques, the correlated jamming is much efficient against the frequency hopping (FH) communication system. Because of the similarity between the correlated jamming signal and the FH signal, it is very difficult for common anti-jamming techniques to deal with such correlated jamming. According to the independence between the payload of the correlated jamming signal and the victim FH signal, a novel independent component analysis (ICA) based receiver is proposed in this paper. Two antennas are introduced at the receiver end. The received signals are despread firstly to reduce the dimension of mixing matrix. Then ICA is utilized to recover the useful signal from two baseband signals. The numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed ICA-based receiver is robust to the correlated jamming. Even when the power of correlated jamming is very strong, the proposed receiver can still improve the BER performance greatly.
Recurrent Glomerulonephritis after Renal Transplantation (2008)

The understanding of the pathogenesis of recurrent glomerulonephritis is critical to optimize prevention as well as to treat individual recurrent glomerulonephritis, which can enhance long-term graft survival.
The effect of adding Br or Zn supplements to the dialysate on the concentrations of Br and Zn in the blood of hemodialysed patients. (1992)

The effect of adding Br or Zn supplementation to the dialysate on the concentrations of Br and Zn in the blood of hemodialysed patients, is investigated. Patients with end-stage renal failure on hemodialysis show an abnormal trace element pattern. Our patients showed lowered serum Br and Zn concentrations. Four patients were subjected to dialysates with varying Br content. The impact on their serum and packed cells concentrations was evaluated. The supplementation resulted in an increase in the concentrations in serum and in packed cells. The Br concentration in serum and packed cells closely followed the dialysate content. In order to restore the Zn concentration to the normal level a ZnCl2 solution was added to the dialysate of 4 other patients. Zn accumulated in the patient as a consequence of its diffusion against the concentration gradient.
Human detection and tracking with knee-high mobile 2D LIDAR (2011)

Human-robot interaction and safe operation requires human detection capability from a mobile robot. This paper presents a novel algorithm for detecting and tracking walking humans with a 2D LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) on a mobile robot. The horizontal LIDAR receives reflections of human legs taken from approximately the knee level. A list of predefined features are used for classifying the reflections as clusters, which are then tracked separately. If two clusters fulfill predefined conditions to be classified as legs, and if they are close enough, a human target is generated and tracked using the reflections of the legs. The probability of a human target to actually be a human is constantly evaluated based on numerous features. Experimental results performed with a mobile robot verify that the algorithm is able to detect and track people in typical indoor environment.