gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the fertility of dairy cows after calving. (1990)

Three hundred and thirty-one dairy cows in six herds were used to study the effect of a single injection of 25 mg dinoprost, a prostaglandin F2 alpha derivative, administered eight days after calving on several indices of fertility. A detailed comparison was made between 113 treated cows and 113 control cows of the same parity, which had calved within seven days of each other on the same farm and had experienced the same degree of dystocia. In cows which had calved without assistance, the treatment reduced the mean interval between calving and first heat from 40 days to 37 days but increased the mean interval between calving and conception from 83 days to 85 days. In cows which had required assistance at calving, the treatment reduced the mean interval between calving and first heat from 44 days to 34 days and reduced the mean calving to conception interval from 86 days to 68 days. The cows which benefited most were those which had required assistance during their second, third or fourth calvings; their calving to conception intervals were shortened by 22.5 days. An average of 1.39 services was required to establish conception in the treated cows which calved unaided, with 70 per cent conceiving to the first service, compared with an average of 1.34 services per conception and a 72 per cent conception rate to first service for their untreated herdmates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hardware Architecture of Complex K-best MIMO Decoder (2016)

This paper presents a hardware architecture of complex K-best Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) decoder reducing the complexity of Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector. We develop a novel low-power VLSI design of complex K-best decoder for 8x8 MIMO and 64 QAM modulation scheme. Use of Schnorr-Euchner (SE) enumeration and a new parameter, Rlimit in the design reduce the complexity of calculating K-best nodes to a certain level with increased performance. The total word length of only 16 bits has been adopted for the hardware design limiting the bit error rate (BER) degradation to 0.3 dB with list size, K and Rlimit equal to 4. The proposed VLSI architecture is modeled in Verilog HDL using Xilinx and synthesized using Synopsys Design Vision in 45 nm CMOS technology. According to the synthesize result, it achieves 1090.8 Mbps throughput with power consumption of 782 mW and latency of 0.044 us. The maximum frequency the design proposed is 181.8 MHz.
Road traffic monitoring using the TRIP II system (1989)

Traffic observed by video cameras or captured on video tape can now be counted automatically in real-time. The aim of the TRIP II system is to take full advantage of the area sensing capability of video images. It is different from many earlier systems since it is based upon an inexpensive IBM AT microcomputer and can processes complex pattern information by simulating the operation of a neural network. In this particular case the vehicle detection algorithm relies on the ability of the TRIP II system to learn from example and discriminate between complex patterns within video images of traffic scenes.
[Prenatal and postnatal prevention of iodine deficiency in the first year of life]. (2001)

A total of 260 females were studied in an iodine-deficient regions in different periods of gestation. Among them, 123 females were examined during pregnancy and within 3 months of lactation. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy was shown to form a high risk for diseases in both a child and a mother. There is an increased risk for severe complications of pregnancy and labor, for decreased weight and height, and for the worse status of a fetus and a baby of the first year of life. The use of iodine-containing drugs (100 micrograms iodine a day) is highly effective.
Time borrowing and clock skew scheduling effects on multi-phase level-sensitive circuits (2004)

This paper addresses the effects of time borrowing and clock skew scheduling on level-sensitive synchronous circuits. Synchronization of level-sensitive circuits can be accomplished through single-phase or multi-phase clocking schemes. This paper expands previous single-phase clock signal analysis to include multiphase clock signal synchronization. The tradeoffs of synchronous circuit operation with different types of registers and synchronization schemes are analyzed. The presented timing analysis problem specifically targets clock period minimization. The modified big M method is used to linearize the formulation of the timing analysis problem and experiments are performed on the ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits. For single and multi-phase level-sensitive circuits, up to 63% and 62% improvements, respectively, over conventional zero-skew, flip-flop based circuits are achieved through the simultaneous application of both time borrowing and non-zero clock skew scheduling.
Antimicrobial peptides and bacteriocins: alternatives to traditional antibiotics (2008)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous, gene-encoded natural antibiotics that have gained recent attention in the search for new antimicrobials to combat infectious disease. In multicellular organisms, AMPs, such as defensins and cathelicidins, provide a coordinated protective response against infection and are a principal component of innate immunity in vertebrates. In unicellular organisms, AMPs, such as bacteriocins, function to suppress competitor species. Because many AMPs kill bacteria by disruption of membrane integrity and are thus thought to be less likely to induce resistance, AMPs are being extensively evaluated as novel antimicrobial drugs. This review summarizes and discusses the antibiotic properties of AMPs highlighting their potential as alternatives to conventional antibiotics.
AI Fairness 360: An Extensible Toolkit for Detecting, Understanding, and Mitigating Unwanted Algorithmic Bias (2018)

Fairness is an increasingly important concern as machine learning models are used to support decision making in high-stakes applications such as mortgage lending, hiring, and prison sentencing. This paper introduces a new open source Python toolkit for algorithmic fairness, AI Fairness 360 (AIF360), released under an Apache v2.0 license {https://github.com/ibm/aif360). The main objectives of this toolkit are to help facilitate the transition of fairness research algorithms to use in an industrial setting and to provide a common framework for fairness researchers to share and evaluate algorithms. The package includes a comprehensive set of fairness metrics for datasets and models, explanations for these metrics, and algorithms to mitigate bias in datasets and models. It also includes an interactive Web experience (https://aif360.mybluemix.net) that provides a gentle introduction to the concepts and capabilities for line-of-business users, as well as extensive documentation, usage guidance, and industry-specific tutorials to enable data scientists and practitioners to incorporate the most appropriate tool for their problem into their work products. The architecture of the package has been engineered to conform to a standard paradigm used in data science, thereby further improving usability for practitioners. Such architectural design and abstractions enable researchers and developers to extend the toolkit with their new algorithms and improvements, and to use it for performance benchmarking. A built-in testing infrastructure maintains code quality.
Parallel Database Recovery for Multicore Main-Memory Databases. (2016)

Main-memory database systems for multicore servers can achieve excellent performance when processing massive volume of OLTP workloads. But crash-resilience mechanism, or namely loggingand-replay, can either degrade the performance of transaction processing or slow down the process of failure recovery. In this paper, we show that, by exploiting application semantics, it is possible to achieve speedy failure recovery without introducing any costly logging overhead to the execution of online transactions. We propose TARS, a parallel log-recovery mechanism that is specifically designed for lightweight, coarse-grained command-logging approach. TARS leverages a combination of static and dynamic analyses to parallelize the log replay: at compile time, TARS decomposes stored procedures by carefully analyzing dependencies within and across programs; at recovery time, a re-execution schedule with a high degree of parallelism is attained through lightweight one-pass scans over transaction parameter values. As such, recovery latency is remarkably minimized. We evaluated TARS in a main-memory database prototype running on a 40-core server. Compared to the state-of-the-art mechanisms, TARS yields significantly higher recovery rate without compromising the efficiency of transaction processing.
Combined saturation/inversion recovery sequences for improved evaluation of scar and diffuse fibrosis in patients with arrhythmia or heart rate variability (2013)

The proposed sequences are insensitive to heart rate variability, yield improved LGE images in the presence of arrhythmias, as well as T1 mapping with shorter scan times.
Digital holography simulations and experiments to quantify the accuracy of 3D particle location and 2D sizing using a proposed hybrid method (2013)

The accuracy of digital in-line holography to detect particle position and size within a 3D domain is evaluated with particular focus placed on detection of nonspherical particles. Dimensionless models are proposed for simulation of holograms from single particles, and these models are used to evaluate the uncertainty of existing particle detection methods. From the lessons learned, a new hybrid method is proposed. This method features automatic determination of optimum thresholds, and simulations indicate improved accuracy compared to alternative methods. To validate this, experiments are performed using quasi-stationary, 3D particle fields with imposed translations. For the spherical particles considered in experiments, the proposed hybrid method resolves mean particle concentration and size to within 4% of the actual value, while the standard deviation of particle depth is less than two particle diameters. Initial experimental results for nonspherical particles reveal similar performance.
ECONOMIC CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY (2004)

Obesity is not only a health but also an economic phenomenon. This chapter (a) examines underlying economic causes, such as technological advancements, behind the obesity epidemic; (b) describes economic consequences of obesity, including increasing obesity-related medical expenditures; and (c) discusses the role of government in combating the obesity epidemic. Because of the high costs of obesity, and the fact that the majority of these costs are financed by taxpayers, there is a clear motivation for government to try to reduce these costs. However, because obesity may result from poor information and addictive behavior and/or as a result of living in an increasingly obesogenic environment, interventions will need to be multifaceted to ensure the best chance of success.
The impact of power structure on the retail service supply chain with an O2O mixed channel (2015)

While the Internet has provided a new means for retailers to reach consumers, it has fundamentally changed the dynamic of competition in the retail service supply chain. The mix of offline and online channels adds a new dimension of competition, and one central issue of this competition is the pricing strategy between the two channels. How to set prices for both online and offline channels? What is the impact of the supply chain power structure on pricing decisions and the performance? This research aims to address these questions by focusing on a retail service supply chain with an online-to-offline (O2O) mixed dual-channel. From the Supplier-Stackelberg, Retailer-Stackelberg, and Nash game theoretical perspectives, we obtain the optimal prices and maximum profits for both the retailer and supplier under different power structures. The analysis result provides important managerial implications, which will be beneficial to retailers to develop proper pricing strategies.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of asymmetric flow in nematic liquid crystals with finite anchoring (2016)

Liquid crystals (LCs) display many of the flow characteristics of liquids but exhibit long range orientational order. In the nematic phase, the coupling of structure and flow leads to complex hydrodynamic effects that remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we consider the hydrodynamics of a nematic LC in a hybrid cell, where opposite walls have conflicting anchoring boundary conditions, and we employ a 3D lattice Boltzmann method to simulate the time-dependent flow patterns that can arise. Due to the symmetry breaking of the director field within the hybrid cell, we observe that at low to moderate shear rates, the volumetric flow rate under Couette and Poiseuille flows is different for opposite flow directions. At high shear rates, the director field may undergo a topological transition which leads to symmetric flows. By applying an oscillatory pressure gradient to the channel, a net volumetric flow rate is found to depend on the magnitude and frequency of the oscillation, as well as the anchoring strength. Taken together, our findings suggest several intriguing new applications for LCs in microfluidic devices.
GaInP/AlGaAs metal‐wrap‐through tandem concentrator solar cells (2016)

Abstract III–V multi‐junction solar cells are promising devices for photovoltaic applications under very high concentration levels of sunlight. Shadowing losses of the front side metallisation and ohmic resistance losses in the metal grid limit the practical cell size typically to around 1 cm 2 at 1000 suns. The use of a full back‐contact architecture, similar to the metal‐wrap‐through (MWT) technology known in silicon photovoltaics, can help to overcome this limitation. Furthermore, positioning both the positive and negative contact pads on the rear side of concentrator solar cells opens the possibility for efficient packaging solutions and the realisation of dense array receivers with low metal shadowing. The MWT technology addresses conventional concentrating photovoltaics as well as combined conventional concentrating photovoltaic‐thermal applications and offers specific advantages for large‐area devices at high intensities. This work presents the first experimental results for MWT architectures applied to III–V tandem solar cells and discusses specific challenges. An efficiency of 28.3% at 176 suns and 27.2% at 800 suns has been measured for the best MWT Ga 0.51 In 0.49 P/Al 0.03 Ga 0.97 As tandem solar cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly efficient techniques for network forensics (2007)

Given a history of packet transmissions and an excerpt of a possible packet payload, the payload attribution problem requires the identification of sources, destinations and the times of appearance on a network of all the packets that contained such payload. A module to solve this problem has recently been proposed as the core component in a network forensics system. Network forensics provides useful tools for investigating cybercrimes on the Internet, by, for example, tracing the spread of worms and viruses, identifying who has received a phishing email in an enterprise, or discovering which insider allowed an unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information.
Enhanced Stability of Photoelectrodes with Electrogenerated Polyaniline Films (1982)

Polyaniline was electrodeposited on platinum and semiconducting (Cd‐chalcogenides, Si, , ) electrodes from aqueous solution containing aniline. The electrochemical behavior of such films was examined in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions by cyclic voltammetry. Results show that the polyaniline film is conducting in both cathodic and anodic regions at as evidenced by the electrochemical redox reactions of various redox couples on polyanilinecoated electrodes. In general, all polyaniline‐coated semiconductor electrodes examined in this work exhibited enhanced stability of the photocurrent when compared to that of the naked electrodes.
Fluorocarbon Stripping of Low Beta Heavy Ions (1979)

Equilibrium charge state distributions were measured for Kr, Xe, Ho and Pb ions at energies from 25 to 160 keV/amu passing through a high molecular weight fluorocarbon vapor, as well as air and carbon foil strippers. Measured charge state distributions are given which show that the fluorocarbon distributions are intermediate between those of air and foil strippers, becoming closer to foil values as velocity is decreased. At all energies substantial asymmetry in the fluorocarbon distributions towards higher charge states were observed. These favorable distributions, coupled with very high beam handling capability, low maintenance and indefinite lifetime clearly indicate the value of fluorocarbon stripping for many accelerator applications.
Application of Semantic Web to Incident Reporting (2006)

While lots of incident reports are accumulated, analyzing them is not kept up with at present. For this reason, a database of incident reports is not utilized sufficiently and reports are only accumulated. Under this situation, efficient way of handling such information is needed. For enabling computer processing of incident reports, a semantic Web approach is applied to incident reporting. The form for reporting is defined using XML and incident ontology is constructed. The expressions in incident reports are tagged referring to the ontology. Reasoning by intelligent agents based on the ontology is useful for analyzing background factors of problems or extracting lessons for the future. Some concrete examples are shown using actual incident reports from nuclear facilities. This approach makes a database more useful and worthwhile, and it allow using more energy for countermeasures rather than analysis. In this research, a conceptual design of applying semantic Web to incident reporting is proposed. The paper discusses the first stage of this application: definition of metadata tags and incident ontology, and tagging of existing data
Studies in capillary zone electrophoresis with a postcolumn multiple capillary device for fraction collection and stepwise increase in electroosmotic flow during analysis (1993)

A new approach involving the stepwise increase in electroosmotic flow during analysis in capillary zone electrophoresis is introduced and evaluated in the rapid separations of proteins and peptides. The stepwise increase in electroosmotic flow is based on the principle of coupled capillaries in series having different flow characteristics, a concept that was introduced recently by our laboratory. To produce stepwise changes in electroosmotic flow during analysis, a post-column multiple capillary device, which allowed the switching between several coupled capillary systems, was designed and constructed in-house. The utility of the multiple capillary device was also demonstrated and extended to fraction collection of separated analytes in short capillary segments. The fraction collection in capillaries facilitated the quantitative transfer of the collected fractions to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for further analysis or to mass spectrometry (MS) for structural determination. The off-line combination of capillary zone electrophoresis with HPLC or MS utilized commercial instruments without the need of expensive interfacing designs.
Differential expression of the homeobox gene Pitx3 in midbrain dopaminergic neurons (2005)

The transcription factor Pitx3 is expressed selectively in the midbrain and regulates the differentiation and survival of dopaminergic neurons. Lack of this factor results in a degeneration similar to that seen in Parkinson's disease. We have studied the pattern and the level of expression of Pitx3 in dopaminergic neurons of 3- to 4-week-old Wistar rats. We report Pitx3 expression in almost all dopaminergic substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons. It is coexpressed with the neuroprotective marker calbindin (CB) in a larger population of VTA (43%) than SN (16%) dopaminergic neurons. The level of Pitx3 mRNA, determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR, is approximately 6x higher in VTA than in SN single neurons. In the VTA but not in SN the level of Pitx3 is associated with the presence of CB: in CB-positive neurons the expression of Pitx3 mRNA is 3.6x higher than in CB-negative cells. CB is expressed in a larger population of VTA than SN neurons and the relative level of CB expression is 4x higher in VTA than in SN. A higher Pitx3 expression level and higher coexpression of Pitx3 and CB in VTA than in SN neurons may contribute to the different vulnerability of these dopaminergic nuclei to neurodegeneration.
It's Not About Winning, it's About Sending a Message: Hiding information in games (2013)

New information hiding techniques use online games to transmit secrets covertly. The technique is simple, but the problem of detecting these covert channels is far from solved.
T cell receptor <i>beta</i>-chain genes in BW5147 and other AKR tumors. Deletion order of murine V <i>beta</i> gene segments and possible 5' regulatory regions. (1988)

The AKR thymoma BW5147 has rearranged both of its TCR beta-chain loci, using the same J beta region (J beta 2.5) in each, but with different V beta gene segments. Although the two rearrangements are expressed approximately equally in cytoplasmic RNA, the principle of allelic exclusion is maintained because only one rearrangement is in-frame and capable of encoding a functional protein. In hybridomas made with BW5147 as the fusion partner, this protein may combine with the alpha-chain protein derived from the normal cell to form new Ag/MHC specificities. An analysis of the sequences upstream from the BW5147 rearrangements and additional V regions suggests that two conserved sequences, 10 and nine nucleotides in length and located adjacent to each other 70 to 100 nucleotides 5' of the initiation codon, may be important in the expression of TCR beta-chain genes. Although B and T cells derive from common stem cells, no sequences are observed in T cells that are homologous to the octamer located 5' of all Ig genes. This implies that at least some of the sequences that regulate transcription are not shared in the two major types of lymphocytes. A survey of BW5147 and six other AKR thymomas using probes for 10 of the 18 known V region families indicates a distribution of V beta rearrangements in the tumors consistent with that found in thymocytes. Four of these tumors have apparent VDJ rearrangements on both chromosomes, with the deletion of other V beta gene segments. These data suggest that the primary mechanism of VDJ beta rearrangement is by looping out and excision of the intervening DNA and that most of the V regions are located 5' to the C region. These data were also used to develop a deletion order of the V beta gene segments in the TCR beta-chain locus.
Limbic seizures increase pronociceptin mRNA levels in the thalamic reticular nucleus (1999)

We studied pronociceptin gene expression following limbic seizures. Northern blot analysis revealed increased pronociceptin mRNA levels in the thalamus (but not in the hippocampus) 3-24 h after kainate administration, with maximal effect (2-fold increase over basal levels) reached at 6 h. No variation in pronociceptin mRNA levels was observed 1-6 h after a stimulus-evoked kindled seizure. Carrageenan failed to affect pronociceptin gene expression in the thalamus, indicating that pain and/or acute stress do not account for kainate effects. In situ hybridization revealed that kainate evokes a dramatic (4-fold) increase in pronociceptin mRNA levels over the thalamic reticular nucleus. Kindled seizures evoked only a small, non-significant increase in pronociceptin gene expression over the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.