gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examples of SAR Imagery Applications to the Petroleum Industry (2013)

Remote sensing is now widely used thanks to recent easy access software or database such as Google Earth or Bing (Microsoft). All those tools allow users to get a direct access to visualise spatial imagery but as a consequence it also hides a part of it, named Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing. Need for a geologist, a geophysicist, a petroleum engineer, a production engineer is drastically different requiring different data, tools and methodologies which can’t be always satisfied with only an optical imagery approach. SAR imagery is a powerful tool and a cost effective solution very well adapted worldwide including equatorial and arctic areas. Recent SAR imagery advantages are numerous: night and day capability, cloud free data, archives, polarimetric properties, high spatial and temporal resolutions. Valuable informations for the petroleum industry can be extracted such as dip quantification, polarisation parameters, multitemporal analyses, offshore spill and seep detection and mapping.
On the xorshift random number generators (2005)

G. Marsaglia recently introduced a class of very fast xorshift random number generators, whose implementation uses three “xorshift” operations. They belong to a large family of generators based on linear recurrences modulo 2, which also includes shift-register generators, the Mersenne twister, and several others. In this article, we analyze the theoretical properties of xorshift generators, search for the best ones with respect to the equidistribution criterion, and test them empirically. We find that the vast majority of xorshift generators with only three xorshift operations, including those having good equidistribution, fail several simple statistical tests. We also discuss generators with more than three xorshifts.
Performance analysis of Speech enhancement methods in Hands-free Communication with emphasis on Wiener Beamformer (2012)

The main objective of this thesis, which is a collaborative work between a group of four, is to remove the unwanted components i.e. background noise present in speech signal which affects in the hands-free speech communication. The background noise i.e. noise and echo are removed using different methods in Hands-free speech communication for enhancement of acoustic speech signal. The Noise is suppressed using adaptive beam formers like Wiener Beam former, Elko‟s Beam former, Maximum SNIR Beamformer and Delay and Sum beam former as they have the ability to enhance the desired speech signals while suppressing the noise sources assumed from other directions. The behavior of these beam formers is tested under different noise environments. Echo Cancellation is achieved by implementing adaptive noise feedback cancellation system using NLMS algorithm under reverberant conditions. This paper mainly concentrates on the offline MATLAB implementation of Wiener Beamformer and performance is evaluated by considering the different objective measures in different noisy environments. Speech signals from the uncontrolled environments contain degradation components i.e. background noise, interference, acoustic feedback along with the required speech components. These degraded components are superimposed with the desired speech which is a severe problem in hands-free speech communication for example in hearing impaired persons. Hence, they suffer from reduced speech intelligibility and quality which make their communication troublesome. Therefore, speech enhancement is necessary in hands-free speech communication devices for degraded speech. Wiener Beam former is implemented and simulated in MATLAB under different noise environments in order to increase the speech intelligibility and quality. The performance of the Wiener Beamformer is evaluated by considering the objective measure parameters such SNR, SD and PESQ under different noisy environments. These parameters are measured by assuming input SNR levels at 0dB, 5dB, 10 dB, 15 dB, 20 dB and 25 dB. The increased use of hands free communication systems such as computer communications, video conferencing and vehicle mounted mobile phones demands the acoustic echo cancellation. The echo i.e. uncontrolled acoustic feedback is cancelled using NLMS algorithm which forms an adaptive feedback noise cancellation system. The amount echo cancellation is measured by ERLE parameter.
Influence of copper, iron, and zinc on the physicochemical properties of parenteral admixture. (1994)

A parenteral admixture composed of 25% of 20% Intralipid, 25% of Azonutril 25, 37.5% of 30% Glucose and 12.5% of 50% Glucose was supplemented with copper, iron and zinc in the organic (gluconate) or inorganic (chloride) form at the following usual final concentrations: copper 0.24 mg/L, iron 0.50 mg/L, zinc 2.00 mg/L. The mixture was stored at 4 degrees C and at 25 degrees C for 24, 48, and 72 hours, and for one week. Determination of the pH indicated good stability of the mixture containing the trace elements in the gluconate form. A significant decrease in the pH of the mixture containing the trace elements as chlorides was noted after one week of storage at both temperatures. Particle size analysis revealed no significant variations between the two formulations after one week of storage. Flocculation kinetics confirmed the results obtained with the other two methods used to determine physicochemical stability. In addition, the kinetics indicated that the possibilities of coalescence processes are highly reduced in all cases. It may be concluded that the two type of mixtures remain stable for Seven days at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C. However, mixtures containing trace elements in gluconate form should be chosen in cases of longer storage.
Component Based Development (2010)

Component Based Approach has been introduced in core engineering discipline long back but the introduction to component based concept in software perspective is recently developed by Object Management Group. Its benefits from the re-usability point of view is enormous. The intertwining relationship of domain engineering with component based software engineering is analyzed. The object oriented approach and its basic difference with component approach is of great concern. The present study highlights the life-cycle, cost effectiveness and the basic study of component based software from application perspective.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Left Ventricular Afterload (2010)

The mechanical load imposed by the systemic circulation to the left ventricle is an important determinant of normal and abnormal cardiovascular function. Left ventricular afterload is determined by complex time-varying phenomena, which affect pressure and flow patterns generated by the pumping ventricle. Left ventricular afterload is best described in terms of pressure-flow relations, allowing for quantification of various components of load using simplified biomechanical models of the circulation, with great potential for mechanistic understanding of the role of central hemodynamics in cardiovascular disease and the effects of therapeutic interventions. In the second part of this tutorial, we review analytic methods used to characterize left ventricular afterload, including analyses of central arterial pressure-flow relations and windkessel modeling (pressure-volume relations). Conceptual descriptions of various models and methods are emphasized over mathematical ones. Our review is aimed at helping researchers and clinicians obtain and interpret results from analyses of left ventricular afterload in clinical and epidemiological settings.
Electron emission from LiNbO3 crystal excited by ultraviolet laser (2010)

X-ray generation by a thermally heated LiNbO3 crystal and effect of ultraviolet (UV) laser light irradiation to a LiNbO3 crystal on pyroelectric electron emission were investigated. The x ray was detected with a gap distance of 15 mm between the surface of the crystal and the anode, whereas it was not detected with a gap distance of ∼200 μm. The dependence of the electron emission excited by UV laser irradiation on the vacuum pressure, laser power density, and gap distance between the crystal and the anode was measured. The electron emission showed a fast response with a rise time of 1 μs to the laser irradiation. The emission current was 45 nA with a laser power density of 6.6 MW/cm2 with a gap distance of 125 μm between the surface of the crystal and the anode.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of isotope distributions (1974)

In the patient scanning situation with a parallel-hole collimator, it is possible to obtain a quantitative solution for the gamma emitter distribution, if attenuation is included in the calculation. Using the iterative least squares method, the distribution in a transverse section is calculated, then this distribution is modified by exp (+ mu x), where x is the distance between each point in the reconstructed section, and the object's boundary, and mu is a known or assumed attenuation coefficient. This approach works for energies of 99Tcm (140 keV) and above ( mu =0.14 cm-1).
Characterization of Nitrided/Oxidized Layers Covering Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Lack of imprinting of the human dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene (1996)

The term genomic imprinting has been used to refer to the differential expression of genetic material depending on whether it has come from the male or female parent. In humans, the chromosomal region 11p15.5 has been shown to contain 2 imprinted genes (H19 and IGF2). The gene for the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4), which is of great interest for research into neuropsychiatric disorders and psychopharmacology, is also located in this area. In the present study, we have examined the imprinting status of the DRD4 gene in brain tissue of an epileptic patient who was heterozygous for a 12 bp repeat polymorphism in exon 1 of the DRD4 gene. We show that both alleles are expressed in equivalent amounts. We therefore conclude that the DRD4 gene is not imprinted in the human brain.
Adversarial Active Learning (2014)

Active learning is an area of machine learning examining strategies for allocation of finite resources, particularly human labeling efforts and to an extent feature extraction, in situations where available data exceeds available resources. In this open problem paper, we motivate the necessity of active learning in the security domain, identify problems caused by the application of present active learning techniques in adversarial settings, and propose a framework for experimentation and implementation of active learning systems in adversarial contexts. More than other contexts, adversarial contexts particularly need active learning as ongoing attempts to evade and confuse classifiers necessitate constant generation of labels for new content to keep pace with adversarial activity. Just as traditional machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial manipulation, we discuss assumptions specific to active learning that introduce additional vulnerabilities, as well as present vulnerabilities that are amplified in the active learning setting. Lastly, we present a software architecture, Security-oriented Active Learning Testbed (SALT), for the research and implementation of active learning applications in adversarial contexts.
Why is it Interesting to Study Cyclohexane Oxidation? (1993)

Cyclohexane oxidation was studied both under industrial conditions and using the GifIV and the GoAggII systems under ambient conditions. Under both conditions cyclohexylhydroperoxide is formed as a reaction intermediate. Using a passivated reactor and a stabilizer, cyclohexylhydroperoxide can easily be obtained in a concentration of 7% under industrial conditions. Its decomposition at 80-100°C is highly selective and the cyclohexanone:cyclohexanol ratio can be varied between 4:1 and 1:3, by the use of different transition metal catalysts. Its utilization for epoxidation, however, is much more interesting. The GifIV system forms mainly cyclohexanone with very good turnover numbers but it is limited as it needs large quantities of zinc and forms coupling products with the pyridine used as a solvent. The GoAggII system is much more appropriate as it is homogeneous and does not form any side products. The addition of picolinic acid strongly accelerates the reaction and the oxidized products can be accumulated to a concentration similar to that obtained in the industrial process. On the other hand, the catalyst deactivates rapidly by the formation of iron (hydr)oxide particles and the turnover numbers are low. A solvent system has to be found which avoids the hydrolysis of the catalyst while maintaining the high selectivity and the efficiency of the process. 1. Introduction 2. Classical Cyclohexane Oxidation 3. Is the Gif system suitable for cyclohexane oxidation? 4. What are the advantages of using the GoAggII system? 5. How do these results help us in understanding the classical oxidation? 6. Conclusions
A comparative study of available software for high‐accuracy homology modeling: From sequence alignments to structural models (2006)

An open question in protein homology modeling is, how well do current modeling packages satisfy the dual criteria of quality of results and practical ease of use? To address this question objectively, we examined homology-built models of a variety of therapeutically relevant proteins. The sequence identities across these proteins range from 19% to 76%. A novel metric, the difference alignment index (DAI), is developed to aid in quantifying the quality of local sequence alignments. The DAI is also used to construct the relative sequence alignment (RSA), a new representation of global sequence alignment that facilitates comparison of sequence alignments from different methods. Comparisons of the sequence alignments in terms of the RSA and alignment methodologies are made to better understand the advantages and caveats of each method. All sequence alignments and corresponding 3D models are compared to their respective structure-based alignments and crystal structures. A variety of protein modeling software was used. We find that at sequence identities >40%, all packages give similar (and satisfactory) results; at lower sequence identities (<25%), the sequence alignments generated by Profit and Prime, which incorporate structural information in their sequence alignment, stand out from the rest. Moreover, the model generated by Prime in this low sequence identity region is noted to be superior to the rest. Additionally, we note that DSModeler and MOE, which generate reasonable models for sequence identities >25%, are significantly more functional and easier to use when compared with the other structure-building software.
An analysis of quantitative PCR reliability through replicates using the Ct method (2010)

There is considerable interest in quantitatively measuring nucleic acids from single cells to small populations. The most commonly employed laboratory method is the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyzed with the crossing point or crossing threshold (C(t)) method. Utilizing a multiwell plate reader we have performed hundreds of replicate reactions at each of a set of initial conditions whose initial number of copies span a concentration range of ten orders of magnitude. The resultant C(t) value distributions are analyzed with standard and novel statistical techniques to assess the variability/reliability of the PCR process. Our analysis supports the following conclusions. Given sufficient replicates, the mean and/or median C(t) values are statistically distinguishable and can be rank ordered across ten orders of magnitude in initial template concentration. As expected, the variances in the C(t) distributions grow as the number of initial copies declines to 1. We demonstrate that these variances are large enough to confound quantitative classification of the initial condition at low template concentrations. The data indicate that a misclassification transition is centered around 3000 initial copies of template DNA and that the transition region correlates with independent data on the thermal wear of the TAQ polymerase enzyme. We provide data that indicate that an alternative endpoint detection strategy based on the theory of well mixing and plate filling statistics is accurate below the misclassification transition where the real time method becomes unreliable.
Cost-effective frame rate control for mobile GPUs (2016)

Nowadays, there has been a trend towards complex rendering for PC-like realistic visual quality in mobile graphics industry. When scenes are nearly static, a fixed high frame rate wastes power consumption for negligible user-perceivable benefits. To alleviate this, some recent techniques are studied for dynamic frame rate scaling [Yan 2015] which skips frames based on the states of contents. However, they can make visible artifacts such as judder and strobing, unless computing complex methods are required for accurate measurement of inter-frame variation. They may mitigate the artifacts but demand high computational power.
Therapeutic potential of Na-H exchange inhibitors for the treatment of heart failure (2001)

The Na-H exchanger (NHE) represents a family of transporters which regulate intracellular pH by removing protons in exchange for sodium influx in an electroneutral 1:1 stoichiometric relationship. Six isoforms have thus far been identified with the NHE-1 subtype representing the primary isoform in the cardiac cell. It is well-established that NHE-1 contributes to cardiac injury produced by ischaemia and reperfusion and inhibitors of the antiporter exert excellent cardioprotection. More recent evidence suggests that NHE-1 may also be important for cell growth and may contribute to the maladaptive remodelling which contributes to heart failure particularly the early hypertrophic responses. Evidence from in vitro studies suggest that NHE-1 inhibitors attenuate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to various stimuli whereas in vivo studies report substantial attenuation of both hypertrophy and heart failure by these agents, especially after myocardial infarction. Accordingly, NHE-1 inhibitors could emerge as important therapeutic tools for the attenuation and treatment of heart failure.
Inductive detection of underground metallic pipes (1975)

A widely used instrument for locating underground metallic pipes consists of two coils: one of which (the transmitting coil) excites eddy currents in the pipe, and the other (the receiving coil) detects the magnetic field of. these eddy currents. Irregularities in the response of this type of instrument appear during certain search operations. These irregularities cause uncertainty about the position of the line of the pipe. They are explained quantitatively in this paper. The analysis shows how the reaction field of the pipe varies with the depth and diameter of the pipe, and with its electrical and magnetic properties. A theoretical estimate of the diameter of the smallest pipe that can be detected is given.
Induction of PIG3 and NOXA through acetylation of p53 at 320 and 373 lysine residues as a mechanism for apoptotic cell death by histone deacetylase inhibitors. (2003)

Two controversial issues regarding p53 are whether it is involved in apoptosis induction of tumor cells by a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and, given that p53 is indeed involved, which genes of acetylated p53 targets are responsible for giving rise to apoptotic death. We, in the present study, first confirmed that some substantial extent of apoptotic cell death was seen when p53-deficient cells (KATO-III) were transfected with wild-type p53 and treated with sodium butyrate (SB) or trichostatin A. By Western blotting, using specific antibodies, we then demonstrated that residues 320, 373, and 382 lysines of p53 were acetylated in KATO-III cells transfected with wild-type p53 (KATO-III/p53) treated with a HDAC inhibitor. However, as revealed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling staining, only those KATO-III cells transfected with K320R p53 or K373R p53 became insensitive to the HDAC inhibitor, suggesting that these two residues of p53 may be essential for HDAC inhibitor-induced apoptosis, whereas others such as K382R p53 may not. Furthermore, reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that among various p53-related proapoptotic genes, expression of PIG3 and NOXA were clearly enhanced by SB treatment in KATO-III/p53 cells but not in KATO-III/K320R or KATO-III/K373R cells. Finally, we revealed that apoptosis could be evoked by SB even in cells where p53 mutations occur at residues other than 320 lysine or 373 lysine (TMK-1 and HSC-39 cells) and that this apoptosis was significantly, although not totally, suppressed by the anti-p53 antisense. It was, therefore, concluded that acetylation of the p53 molecule at residues 320 and 373, giving rise to up-regulation of PIG3 and NOXA, is one of the mechanisms for induction of apoptosis by HDAC inhibitors in cancer cells.
Fatigue strength of newly developed high-strength low alloy TRIP-aided steels with good hardenability (2010)

Fatigue strength of newly developed TRIP-aided annealed martensitic steels (TAM steels) with chemical composition of 0.4%C, 1.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 0-1.0%Cr, 0-0.2%Mo, 0.05%Nb, 0-18ppmB was examined for application of automotive diesel engine common rail. The TAM steels achieved higher fatigue limits than the conventional structural steels. Also, the TAM steels exhibited extremely high notch fatigue limits and low notch-sensitivity, especially in steels with B or without Cr and Mo. This was associated with TRIP effect of a large amount of metastable retained austenite which suppressed the crack initiation and growth due to plastic relaxation and formation of hard martensite resulting from the strain-induced transformation.
Removing the Residual Zeroth-Order Diffraction Wave in Polarization-Based Parallel Phase-Shifting Digital Holography System (2011)

Although we have constructed parallel phase-shifting digital holography systems using an array of micropolarizers, we found that the zeroth-order diffraction wave was not removed completely. Then, we report the reason why the zeroth-order diffraction wave is not always removed completely and propose an algorithm to remove the residual zeroth-order diffraction wave. In the algorithm, phase-shifted holograms obtained by parallel phase-shifting digital holography and the intensity distribution of the reference wave are divided into segments and the pixel values in the segments are multiplied by proper correction constants. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was experimentally verified.
On impact ionization and avalanche in gallium nitride (2020)

This paper is dedicated to discussing the physics and applications of avalanche on III-Nitrides, primarily using Gallium Nitride as the example. Understanding the breakdown phenomenon in wide bandgap materials is of great interest to the device and circuit community as it directly impacts design and applications with these emerging semiconductors. In this paper, first, we go over the various approaches that have been reported on estimating the impact ionization coefficients in GaN, then discuss about the estimation of the critical electric field for punch-through and non-punch-through designs, and, finally, go over two avalanche-based devices that we have recently demonstrated.