gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study Of The Polarization Properties Of AT&T's Rectangular Polarization-Maintaining Fiber (1987)

An experimental study of the polarization properties of AT&T's rectangular polarization-maintaining fiber is reported. The extinction ratio is measured at 1320 nm for lengths of 20m, 40m, 100m, 310m, and 804m. The first demonstration the the length dependence of the extinction ratio of a polarization-maintaining fiber obeys random coupling theory is also reported; this is due to the rectangular geometry of the fiber which facilitates winding and packaging the fiber with no perturbations. The polarization-holding parameter is 2.08 ± 0.09 x10<sup>-6</sup>m<sup>-1</sup>. The state of polarization as a function of the input angle of the linear polarized field is determined for various lengths. For lengths ≥100m, depolarization effects eliminate all other states of polarization except the linear on-axis polarization state. For shorter lengths, other polarization states can propagate in the fiber; however, if the input angle of the field is within 5° of the polarization axis of the fiber only the linear on-axis polarization state will propagate in the fiber. Using an elasto-optic point perturbation technique, a beat length of 6.78 ± 0.36 mm was measured directly at a wavelength of 1320 nm, inferring a phase index difference of 1.95 x10<sup>-4</sup>.
Rare‐Earth Barium Stannates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Use as Substrates for YBa <sub>2</sub> Cu <sub>3</sub> O <sub>7‐δ</sub> Superconductor (1995)

A new group of complex perovskites, REBa 2 SnO 5.5 (where RE = Pr, Sm, Eu, and Gd) have been synthesized and sintered as single‐phase materials with high sintered density and stability by the solid‐state reaction method. The structure of REBa 2 SnO 5.5 was studied by the X‐ray diffraction technique, and all of them were found to be isostructural and have a cubic perovskite structure. The dielectric constant and loss factor values of these materials are in a range suitable for substrate applications. The X‐ray diffraction and resistivity measurements have shown that there is no detectable reaction between YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7‐δ and REBa 2 SnO 5.5 , even when the substances are mixed thoroughly and sintered at 950°C for 15 h. Thick films of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7‐δ fabricated on polycrystalline REBa 2 SnO 5.5 substrates gave superconducting zero resistivity transition T C(0) = 92 K, indicating the suitability of these new materials as substrates for YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7‐δ films.
The Structural and Functional Implications of Linked SNARE Motifs in SNAP25 (2008)

We investigated the functional and structural implications of SNAP25 having two SNARE motifs (SN1 and SN2). A membrane-bound, intramolecular FRET probe was constructed to report on the folding of N-terminal SN1 and C-terminal SN2 in living cells. Membrane-bound constructs containing either or both SNARE motifs were also singly labeled with donor or acceptor fluorophores. Interaction of probes with other SNAREs was monitored by the formation of SDS-resistant complexes and by changes in FRET measured in vitro using spectroscopy and in the plasma membrane of living cells using TIRF microscopy. The probes formed the predicted SDS-resistant SNARE complexes. FRET measurements revealed that syntaxin induced a close association of the N-termini of SN1 and SN2. This association required that the SNARE motifs reside in the same molecule. Unexpectedly, the syntaxin-induced FRET was prevented by VAMP. Both full-length SNAP25 constructs and the combination of its separated, membrane-bound constituent chains supported secretion in permeabilized chromaffin cells that had been allowed to rundown. However, only full-length SNAP25 constructs enabled robust secretion from intact cells or permeabilized cells before rundown. The experiments suggest that the bidentate structure permits specific conformations in complexes with syntaxin and VAMP and facilitates the function of SN1 and SN2 in exocytosis.
Trends of performance in Arkansas cooperative beef-bull performance tests from 1962 through 1982. (1986)

Individual records of performance of 2787 bulls in cooperative beef-bull performance tests from 1962 through 1982 were analyzed to determine trends in final weight, average daily gain, daily feed consumption and gross feed efficiency. Data from Angus, Polled Hereford, Charolais, Hereford and Santa Gertrudis breeds were analyzed separately. Performance-test procedures and the ration fed remained the same in all tests. Least-squares means by year, adjusted for location of test, initial weight, initial age and initial condition score, were regressed on time to determine average yearly change in the traits. Yearly changes for Angus, Polled Hereford, Charolais, Hereford and Santa Gertrudis breeds in final weight were 3.3, 1.6, 3.3, 2.5, and 2.6 kg, respectively; in average daily gain and yearly changes were .02, .01, .02, .02, and .02 kg, respectively; in daily feed consumption the yearly changes were .08, .03, .09, and .04 kg, respectively; and in feed per kg gain the yearly changes were -.08, -.04, -.05, -.03, and -.07 kg, respectively. Because the test procedures were the same in all years, these trends represent genetic progress made by the Arkansas beef industry toward faster-gaining, more efficient cattle.
High frequency microwave on-chip inductors using increased ferromagnetic resonance frequency of magnetic films (2015)

The fabrication and characterization of high frequency on-chip inductors using sputtered magnetic films with an improved frequency range is presented. Reducing the sputtering power in the deposition process was found to result in smoother film surfaces and stronger uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and increased the FMR of CoZrTaB from 1.48 GHz to 2.13 GHz. A magnetic-core, on-chip inductor was fabricated using the CoZrTaB films. Results have shown 150% higher inductance and a larger Q-factor up to 1.2 GHz as compared to an air-core inductor.
Resolution analysis in electron-beam cell projection lithography system (1995)

We have experimentally analyzed the resolution in electron-beam cell projection lithography systems. The results indicated that the Coulomb interaction effect and the proximity effect are critical issues for resolution because of the larger beam current compared with the conventional variable-shaped beam. We achieved a practical resolution of 0.18 μm, which is enough for 1 Gbit dynamic random access memory (DRAM) fabrication, by adjusting the beam current. We have also found that there is some interaction between the individual line beams (streams). Also, the beam profile degradation in cell projection lithography systems depends not only on the beam current but also on the distance between the streams. Therefore, in order to obtain higher resolution, these effects must be considered more carefully than in the case of conventional variable-shaped beam lithography systems. A resolution of less than 0.15 μm, which is required for Gbit level DRAM fabrication, can then be available in cell projection lithography systems.
Geldanamycin Analogs (2004)

Benzoquinoid ansamycins can downregulate molecules which are chaperoned by heat shock protein (Hsp90), including numerous tyrosine kinases, steroid receptors, and cell cycle regulatory kinases. 17allylaminol7demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) has entered the clinic, but 17dimethyl-aminoethylaminogeldanamycin (17DMA) has emerged as an analog with potential preferential pharmaceutical features.
Modulation of Pre‐Capillary Arteriolar Pressure with Drag‐Reducing Polymers: A Novel Method for Enhancing Microvascular Perfusion (2012)

Drag-reducing polymers diminish pressure loss between the aorta and the arterioles. This results in a higher pre-capillary pressure and probably explains the observed DRP enhancement in capillary perfusion.
Plasma Observations Near Saturn: Initial Results from Voyager 2 (1982)

Results of measurements of plasma electrons and poitive ions made during the Voyager 2 encounter with Saturn have been combined with measurements from Voyager 1 and Pioneer 11 to define more clearly the configuration of plasma in the Saturnian magnetosphere. The general morphology is well represented by four regions: (i) the shocked solar wind plasma in the magnetosheath, observed between about 30 and 22 Saturn radii (RS) near the noon meridian; (ii) a variable density region between approximately 17 RS and the magnetopause; (iii) an extended thick plasma sheet between approximately 17 and approximately 7 RS symmetrical with respect to Saturn's equatorial plane and rotation axis; and (iv) an inner plasma torus that probably originates from local sources and extends inward from L approximately 7 to less than L approximately 2.7 (L is the magnetic shell parameter). In general, the heavy ions, probably O(+), are more closely confined to the equatorial plane than H(+), so that the ratio of heavy to light ions varies along the trajectory according to the distance of the spacecraft from the equatorial plane. The general configuration of the plasma sheet at Saturn found by Voyager 1 is confirmed, with some notable differences and additions. The "extended plasma sheet," observed between L approximately 7 and L approximately 15 by Voyager 1 is considerably thicker as observed by Voyager 2. Inward of L approximately 4, the plasma sheet collapses to a thin region about the equatorial plane. At the ring plane crossing, L approximately 2.7, the observations are consistent with a density of O(+) of approximately 100 per cubic centimeter, with a temperature of approximately 10 electron volts. The location of the bow shock and magnetopause crossings were consistent with those previously observed. The entire magnetosphere was larger during the outbound passage of Voyager 2 than had been previously observed; however, a magnetosphere of this size or larger is expected approximately 3 percent of the time.
Taking a Hard-Line Approach to Encryption (2007)

Information security during the past few years has concentrated largely on data in motion - information communicated via networks. However, the focus has been shifting recently to protecting data at rest, which includes information on hard drives, flash memory devices, and magnetic tape. Over time, the technology in encryption-enabled hard drives is likely to change. Drives could increasingly include TCG technology or use new types of encryption as they are developed
MultAlin–multiple sequence alignment (1993)

MultAlin–multiple sequence alignment MultAlin–multiple sequence alignmentCherwell Scientific, The Magdelen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford 0X4 4GA, UK Price: £249 (Acad); £299 C. Mitchell C. Mitchell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bioinformatics, Volume 9, Issue 5, October 1993, Page 614, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/9.5.614 Published: 01 October 1993
Shock/shock interference on a transpiration cooled hemispherical model (1990)

Experimental results are presented which show the effectiveness of transpiration cooling in reducing the peak heat flux caused by an impinging shock on a bow shock of a hemispherical model. The 12-inch diameter hemispherical transpiration model with helium coolant was tested in the Calspan 48-inch Hypersonic Shock Tunnel at nominal Mach 12.1 and freestream unit Reynolds number of 0.33 x 10 to the 6th/ft. An incident shock wave, generated by a blunt flat-plate shock generator inclined at 10 deg to the freestream, intersected the bow shock of the model to produce shock/shock interference. The stagnation heat flux without coolant or shock/shock interference was about 1.6 times a smooth surface laminar prediction due to effective roughness of the coolant ejection slots. A coolant mass flux 31 percent of the freestream mass flux reduced the stagnation heat flux to zero without shock/shock interference. However, for the same coolant mass flux and with shock/shock interference the peak heat flux was only reduced 8.3 percent, even though the total integrated heat load was reduced.
Evaluating Factors Affecting Transaction Costs of Contractors in Public Procurement in Nigeria: PLS-SEM Approach (2019)

The costs of transaction construction projects for contractors in public organization have been considered a necessary measure for the sustainability of contracting business. Studies on factors affecting owners and contractors transaction costs have used various techniques and methods to explain the relationships between particular variables. Unexpectedly, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) has acquired very little concern in factors affecting contractors transaction costs studies. To address this limitation in the body of knowledge, the objective of this study was to apply the SEM approach and build a model that explained and identified the critical factors affecting transaction costs of contractors in bidding public sector organization projects. The study developed a quantitative approach using smart-PLS version 3.2.8. This study shed light on the views of different contracting firms’ based on their experience in bidding public construction projects in Nigeria. Particularly, the study aimed to findout the relationships between eligibility documents, method of securing documents, and contract administration factors, and how these relate to transaction costs of contractors’. The findings of this study revealed that the R2 value of the model was scored at 0.358, which meant that the three exogenous latent constructs collectively explained 35.8% of the variance in transaction costs. The Goodness-of-Fit of the model was 0.932. The eligibility document costs factor was the most important out of the three constructs. This study confirming that appropriate plans and costs control management methods as well as necessary amendment of the Act can be employ to insure minimal costs of bidding public sector projects. These findings might map out critical areas to pay attention for a new contracting firms and public organization on costs related problems that might occur in their transactions. Keywords : Theory, Transaction Costs, Procurement Act 2007, Bidding, Public Organization
Astrocytic production of nerve growth factor in motor neuron apoptosis: implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2004)

Reactive astrocytes frequently surround degenerating motor neurons in patients and transgenic animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We report here that reactive astrocytes in the ventral spinal cord of transgenic ALS-mutant G93A superoxide dismutase (SOD) mice expressed nerve growth factor (NGF) in regions where degenerating motor neurons expressed p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) and were immunoreactive for nitrotyrosine. Cultured spinal cord astrocytes incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peroxynitrite became reactive and accumulated NGF in the culture medium. Reactive astrocytes caused apoptosis of embryonic rat motor neurons plated on the top of the monolayer. Such motor neuron apoptosis could be prevented when either NGF or p75(NTR) was inhibited with blocking antibodies. In addition, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors were also protective. Exogenous NGF stimulated motor neuron apoptosis only in the presence of a low steady state concentration of nitric oxide. NGF induced apoptosis in motor neurons from p75(NTR +/+) mouse embryos but had no effect in p75(NTR -/-) knockout embryos. Culture media from reactive astrocytes as well as spinal cord lysates from symptomatic G93A SOD mice-stimulated motor neuron apoptosis, but only when incubated with exogenous nitric oxide. This effect was prevented by either NGF or p75(NTR) blocking-antibodies suggesting that it might be mediated by NGF and/or its precursor forms. Our findings show that NGF secreted by reactive astrocytes induce the death of p75-expressing motor neurons by a mechanism involving nitric oxide and peroxynitrite formation. Thus, reactive astrocytes might contribute to the progressive motor neuron degeneration characterizing ALS.
Isolation and Sequence of L3T4 Complementary DNA Clones: Expression in T Cells and Brain (1986)

T lymphocytes express on their surface not only a specific receptor for antigen and major histocompatibility complex proteins, but also a number of additional glycoproteins that are thought to play accessory roles in the processes of recognition and signal transduction. L3T4 is one such T-cell surface protein that is expressed on most mouse thymocytes and on mature mouse T cells that recognize class II (Ia) major histocompatibility complex proteins. Such cells are predominantly of the helper/inducer phenotype. In this study, complementary DNA clones encoding L3T4 were isolated and sequenced. The predicted protein sequence shows that L3T4 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. It is encoded by a single gene that does not require rearrangement prior to expression. Although the protein has not previously been demonstrated on nonhematopoietic cells, two messenger RNA species specific for L3T4 are found in brain. The minor species comigrates with the L3T4 transcript in T cells, whereas the major species is 1 kilobase smaller.
Fading correlation and its effect on the capacity of space-time turbo coded DS/CDMA systems (2003)

This paper considers the performance evaluation of a space-time turbo processing system employing a combined turbo coded and antenna transmission diversity scheme for DS/CDMA communication systems. In this combined coding/signalling scenario the turbo coder structure is exploited for a novel space-time processing approach. The binary input data to a rate 1/(M+1) multiple turbo encoder produces M+1 coded bits, which, in turn, are assigned through suitable puncturing patterns to M different antennas and transmitted from each antenna simultaneously. The novelty of the transmission scheme, is that the original single-antenna rate-1/2 turbo coded system is transformed into a more powerful rate-1/(M+1) turbo code. The bit error rate performance of a QPSK DS/CDMA system employing a short-frame space-time turbo-coded transmission scheme and RAKE diversity receiver is studied by means of simulation. It is shown that with the proposed system, employing M transmit antennas and an L-branch RAKE receiver, lower bit error rate performance can be achieved, compared to a conventional single antenna scheme. The latter results are achieved even in the presence of correlated fading conditions.
Fault-Induced Transient Detection Based on Real-Time Analysis of the Wavelet Coefficient Energy (2013)

In the few years, wavelet-based methodologies have been proposed as a good alternative for real-time fault detection. However, these methodologies usually fail to detect faults with overdamped transients and they are highly influenced by the choice of the mother wavelet, presenting time delay in the real-time analysis. By using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) or the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT), the wavelet coefficient energy has been also used for fault analysis and presents the same drawbacks of the wavelet coefficient analysis. However, this paper presents a novel wavelet-based methodology for real-time detection of fault-induced transients in transmission lines, where the wavelet coefficient energy takes into account the border effects of the sliding windows. As a consequence, the performance of the proposed energy analysis is not affected by the choice of the mother wavelet, presenting no time delay in real-time fault detection, and the fault detection is scarcely influenced to the fault inception angle, fault resistance, and fault location, even if in critical situations where there are no fault-induced transients. The performance of the proposed methodology was assessed by using actual and simulated data. Some records were reproduced to be analyzed in real time with a digital signal processor.
Environmental Acoustic Noise Cancelling Based on Formant Enhancement. (1984)

Non-parametric noise cancelling methods such as spectral subtraction sometimes destroy the formant structure of speech after noise cancelling. To solve this problem, we developed a system which can reduce the noise and also increase the intelligibility by enhancing the formant structure of speech. The first, second and third formants are extracted by cepstrum analysis from the white-noisy speech. Speech spectrum is estimated on the basis of these extracted formants. By this method, 6.4% increasement of vowel intelligibility is obtained.
Effects of Short Term Glucocorticoid Administration in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Comparison to Sarcoidosis* (1982)

The hypercalcemia of both sarcoidosis and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been associated with increased serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D] and enhanced intestinal absorption of Ca. The hypercalcemia of sarcoidosis responds to short term steroid treatment with an associated reduction in serum 1,25-(OH)2D and intestinal Ca absorption. To gain insight into the lack of suppression of the hypercalcemia of PHPT by steroids, 10 patients with PHPT were studied while kept on a constant diet for 15 days. Days 1– 3 represented the equilibration period, days 4–7 constituted the control period, and days 8–15 made up the treatment period (prednisolone, 50 mg daily in 4 divided doses). In response to prednisolone, patients with PHPT had significant increases in serum Ca [11.5 ± 0.3 to 11.9 ± 0.4 (SEM) mg/ dl[, serum P (2.4 ± 0.2 to 3.1 ± 0.1 mg/dl), and urinary Ca (393 ± 55 to 529 ± 53 mg/day; P < 0.005 for each). The response of serum 1,25-(OH)2D to steroids in the patients with PHPT was variable, and therefore did not change significantly for the group as a whole (73 ± 9 to 66 ± 11 pg/ml; normal, <50 pg/ml). Fractional intestinal Ca absorption was not reduced by steroid treatment (0.77 ± 0.04 to 0.74 ± 0.03; normal <0.61). Bone resorption was enhanced by the glucocorticoids, as suggested by significant increases in urinary hydroxyproline (34 ± 5 to 41 ± 5; normal, <36 mg/day) and fasting urinary Ca excretion (0.28 ± 0.05 to 0.41 ± 0.06 mg/100 ml glomerular filtrate; normal, <0.11 mg/100 ml glomerular filtrate). The augmented bone resorption may have been mediated directly by the steroids or may have resulted from enhanced PTH secretion (80 ± 40 to 102 ± 46 εleq/ml; P < 0.025; normal, <30 εleq/ml) induced by the steroids. These observations on the differences in response to glucocorticoids between patients with PHPT and those with sarcoidosis may partly explain the resistance to suppression of the hypercalcemia of PHPT.
Fiber and web formation of melt‐blown thermoplastic polyurethane polymers (2007)

Abstract The goal of this research was to determine the fiber and web properties of melt‐blown (MB) thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer as dependent on the MB processing conditions. The relationships between the MB fiber properties and the MB process conditions, such as the die‐to‐collector distance and the velocity of the MB TPU fiber in the spin line, were measured and estimated on the basis of the air velocity and air temperature, respectively. Consequently, this study provided fundamental guidelines of heat, air flow, and distance conditions of the MB process for the production of commercially acceptable MB TPU nonwovens. More specifically, the essential insight into the MB process was fundamentally valid for the MB TPU process; however, the inherent heat sensitivity of the TPU polymer brought more complexity at fiber and web formation than the conventional polyolefin MB process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007