gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acetylcholinesterase and Neural Development: New Tricks for an Old Dog? (1993)

Patterns of intense acetylcholinesterase activity occur transiently in developing thalamocortical projection neurons and their terminal fields in sensory regions of cerebral cortex. These patterns correlate well with the time of ingrowth of thalamocortical axons and synaptogenesis with cortical neurons.
Prevalence of KRAS, BRAF, PI3K and EGFR mutations among Asian patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (2015)

Mutations in oncogenes along the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway have been implicated in the resistance to cetuximab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the relative significance of these mutations based on their frequencies of occurrence in the Singaporean population remains unclear. In the present study, the prevalence of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (<i>KRAS</i>), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (<i>BRAF</i>), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (<i>PI3K</i>) and <i>EGFR</i> somatic mutations were determined among Singaporean patients with mCRC. DNA extracted from 45 pairs of surgically resected tumor and normal mucosa samples was subjected to direct sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism. Associations of the genetic mutations with various clinicopathological parameters were further explored. Mutations in either codon 12 or 13 of <i>KRAS</i> were confirmed as prominent phenomena among the included Singaporean mCRC patients, at a prevalence comparable with that of Caucasian and patients of other Asian ethnicities [33.3% (90% confidence interval, 21.8-44.9%)]. <i>KRAS</i> mutation was not associated with clinicopathological features, including age, gender and ethnicity of patients, or the tumor site, differentiation and mucinous status. Conversely, the prevalence of <i>BRAF</i> (0%), <i>PI3K</i> (2.2%) and <i>EGFR</i> (0%) mutations were low. The results of the present study indicate that <i>KRAS</i> mutations are prevalent among the studied population, and confirm the low prevalence of <i>BRAF</i>, <i>PI3K</i> and <i>EGFR</i> mutations. <i>KRAS</i> should be prioritized as an investigational gene for future studies of predictive biomarkers of cetuximab response among Singaporean patients with mCRC.
A 1.6 ns access, 1 GHz two-way set-predicted and sum-indexed 64-kByte data cache (2002)

A 64-kByte cache exploits combined address generation and word line decoding in the SRAM array, translation array, and directory. In place of a late select, set selection in the two-way associative cache is accomplished in the decode path by accessing a stored prediction from a sum-indexed array built into the decoder.
Application of Complex Empirical Mode Decomposition in separation of multiple targets using a single vector sensor (2008)

On the basis of analysis of processing a signal from a single vector sensor using Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) with Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Complex Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEMD) has been introduced to improve it. As an extension of EMD in complex, CEMD is a powerful tool for complex data. Its characteristic analyzing the complex white Gaussian noise has been studied. It is proved that CEMD is a dyadic filter bank and the real parts and the imaginary parts of complex IMF is with same frequency feature. Experiment has been carried with simulated signal from a single vector sensor with multiple targets, and the signals have been combined in different forms. The results show that CEMD is better in using the information between the correlative signals. Founded on different mechanism in direction estimation, it has been showed that the analytic signal is beneficial to direction estimation with different targets.
Evaluation of the rabbit as a laboratory model for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection. (1980)

Experimental infection of rabbits with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) produced diverse manifestations of disease which included abortion, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, vulvovaginitis, systemic infection, neonatal death and respiratory tract infection. Each disease syndrome was studied using virus isolation, fluorescent antibody examination and histologic examination. Conjunctivitis, dermatitis and vulvovaginitis lesions were characterized by edema, infiltration of mucosa and submucosa with inflammatory cells and ulceration of epithelium. Systemic infection resulted in severe necrosis of liver and adrenal glands with large numbers of cells containing intranuclear inculsions. Pregnant rabbits aborted within 48 hours following inoculation of IBRV. Virus infection and viral lesions were not demonstrated in aborted fetuses.
<title>Passive damping and velocity sensing using magnetostrictive transduction</title> (1994)

Magnetostrictive Terfenol-D transducers are an attractive alternative to viscoelastic dampers, and electrodynamic and piezoelectric actuators for damping and self-sensing. These advantages include high stiffness and primary load carrying capability, high power density, low voltages, and low temperature sensitivity. Terfenol-D converts 50 percent of the transducer strain energy into magnetic field energy. Because the Terfenol-D transducer is a primary load carrying member, large amounts of structural energy are converted into magnetic field energy. This magnetic field energy is converted into electric energy by a surrounding coil and dissipated in a resistor to provide damping. The voltage developed in the surrounding coil is proportional to the strain rate of the magnetostrictive material, thus producing a velocity signal. This velocity signal can be used for colocated active damping by controlling coil current based on coil voltage induced by transducer velocity. Experiments using a Terfenol-D actuator capable of 65 microns motion and 1,000 N force showed modal loss factors to 0.22 (relative damping to 0.11) and velocity sensing scale factors to 183 volts/(meter/sec). Room temperature tests of a transducer designed for 77 degree(s)K use showed only 20 percent reductions in damping and velocity signals. Magnetic modeling supports the damping and sensing observations.
Vía Aérea Difícil en un paciente con Obesidad Mórbida: Manejo (2011)

Como ya hemos comentado en la 1ª parte del este caso clínico, el manejo de la Vía Aérea en el paciente obeso mórbido es un reto para los anestesiólogos porque por sus características anatómicas y fisiológicas suelen presentar una ventilación manual difícil y una menor frecuencia de dificultad de intubación, especialmente en pacientes con Síndrome de Apnea del sueño y con predictores sugerentes de Vía Aérea Difícil.
What Medical Directors Need to Know about Dialysis Facility Water Management (2015)

The medical directors of dialysis facilities have many operational clinic responsibilities, which on first glance, may seem outside the realm of excellence in patient care. However, a smoothly running clinic is integral to positive patient outcomes. Of the conditions for coverage outlined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, one most critical to quality dialysis treatment is the provision of safe purified dialysis water, because there are many published instances where clinic failure in this regard has resulted in patient harm. As the clinical leader of the facility, the medical director is obliged to have knowledge of his/her facility's water treatment system to reliably ensure that the purified water used in dialysis will meet the standards for quality set by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation and used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for conditions for coverage. The methods used to both achieve and maintain these quality standards should be a part of quality assessment and performance improvement program meetings. The steps for water treatment, which include pretreatment, purification, and distribution, are largely the same, regardless of the system used. Each water treatment system component has a specific role in the process and requires individualized maintenance and monitoring. The medical director should provide leadership by being engaged with the process, knowing the facility's source water, and understanding water treatment system operation as well as the clinical significance of system failure. Successful provision of quality water will be achieved by those medical directors who learn, know, and embrace the requirements of dialysis water purification and system maintenance.
ESTERS AND URETHANES WITH TRIOXOIMIDAZOLIDINE RING (2005)

Hydroxyalkyl derivatives of parabanic acid obtained from the acid and oxiranes, react with carboxylic acid or isocyanates to give esters and urethanes with trioxoimidazolidine ring. The optimized conditions for their synthesis avoiding the linear products formed due to ring-opening reactions were established. The esters and urethanes were isolated at high yield and identified on the basis of elemental analysis, IR and 'H NMR spectroscopy, acidic number and saponification number as well.
Effects of the deletion of the Escherichia coli frataxin homologue CyaY on the respiratory NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (2007)

CyaY plays a non-essential role in the assembly of complex I in E. coli. It is not a structural component but may transiently interact with the complex.
Effect of temperature, light intensity and pH on the growth and fatty acid compositions of Ellipsoidion sp. (2001)

Temperature has a slight effect on total lipid contents, but EPA and PUFA were influenced significantly with a highest EPA and PUFA content at 25deg C. Desirable light intensity ranges from 108.75 mumolm~(-2)s~(-1) to 244.15 mumolm~(-2)s~(-1), EPA achieves the highest content at 145.54 mumolm~(-2)s~(-1). The highest growth rate and total lipid content were achieved at pH8.5, while EPA and PUFA reach the highest contents at pH 7.5, accounting for 18.77% and 23.38% respectively. The optimum environmental condition in this experiment for EPA production was 25deg C, 145.54 mumolm~(-2)s~(-1) and pH 7.5.
Transferring cercospora leaf sopt resistance from Beta maritima to sugarbeet by backcrossing (1969)

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The modular cellulase CelZ of the thermophilic bacterium Clostridium stercorarium contains a thermostabilizing domain (1998)

The non-catalytic region of the Clostridium stercorarium cellulase CelZ (Avicelase I) comprises two protein segments (C and C′) grouped into different subfamilies of cellulose-binding domain (CBD) family III. The C-terminally located family IIIb domain C was identified as a true cellulose-binding domain responsible for anchoring the CelZ enzyme to cellulose. The family IIIc domain C′ immediately adjacent to the catalytic domain was unable to mediate binding to cellulose. A deletion study revealed a lack of independence of this pair of domains: almost the entire C′ domain was required to maintain the catalytic activity and the thermostability of the enzyme.
Mediators of anaphylaxis but not activated neutrophils augment cholinergic responses of equine small airways (1999)

Neutrophilic inflammation in small airways (SA) and bronchospasm mediated via muscarinic receptors are features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in horses (COPD). Histamine, serotonin, and leukotrienes (LTs) are reported to be involved in the exacerbation of COPD, and currently, histamine has been shown to increase tension response to electrical field simulation (EFS) in equine SA. We tested the effects of these mediators and the effects of activated neutrophils on the cholinergic responses in SA. Histamine, serotonin, and LTD4 had a synergistic effect on EFS responses and only an additive effect on the tension response to exogenous ACh or methacholine. Atropine and TTX entirely eliminated the EFS-induced tension response in the presence of all three inflammatory mediators, indicating that augmentation of the EFS response applies only to the endogenous cholinergic response. Neutrophils isolated from control and COPD-affected horses were activated by zymosan, producing 18.1 +/- 2.3 and 25.0 +/- 2.3 nmol superoxide. 10(6) cells-1. 30 min-1, respectively. However, in contrast to the profound effect of mediators, incubation of SA for over 1 h in a suspension of up to 30 x 10(6) zymosan-treated neutrophils/ml did not significantly affect EFS responses of SA isolated from either control or COPD-affected horses. We conclude that in equine SA 1) the endogenous cholinergic responses are subject to strong facilitation by inflammatory mediators; 2) activated neutrophils do not affect cholinergic responses in SA; and 3) in acute bouts of equine COPD, histamine, LTD4, and serotonin (mediators primarily associated with type I allergic reaction) rather than mediators derived from neutrophils most likely contribute to increased cholinergic airway tone.
Oxidation of Diesel Particulates by Catalyzed Wall-Flow Monolith Filters. 2. Regeneration Characteristics of Platinum, Lithium, and Platinum-Lithium Catalyzed Filters (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Regeneration characteristics of Pt, Li, and Pt-Li catalyzed wall-flow monolith (WFM) filters were examined in a reactor mounted in the exhaust from a GM 4.3 L diesel engine. Regeneration rates were measured over a range of exhaust temperatures corresponding to various engine speeds and torques. A fresh 0.2 wt% Pt - 0.2 wt% Li filter regenerated much more rapidly than filters containing 0.2 wt% Pt, 0.4 wt% Pt, or 0.2 wt% Li. The data suggest that both Pt and Li operate as soot oxidation catalysts, with the Li following a redox mechanism proposed by McKee and Chatterji (<u>Carbon 13</u>, 381, 1975). Significant oxidation activity was observed with the fresh Pt-Li filter at temperatures as low as 350°C, thus demonstrating activity at temperatures nearly within the normal operating range of light-duty GM diesel vehicles. The Pt-Li filter deactivated with time on stream due to reaction of lithium with SO<sub>2</sub> in the exhaust.</div>
Change in Testing, Awareness of Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> Result, and Glycemic Control in US Adults, 2007-2014 (2017)

In 2014, an estimated 30.3 million people (9.4%) in the United States had diabetes. 1Improving glycemic control reduces the risk of diabetes-related vascular complications. 2 Studies have shown improvement in glycemic control in the United States from 1998 through 2010, as measured by hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ). 3,4We examined recent trends in glycemic control and patient awareness of HbA 1c test results and targets.
Lack of evidence for infection of or effect on growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells after in vivo or in vitro exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (1990)

The pathogenesis of the hematologic abnormalities commonly observed in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is incompletely understood. We report here that in vitro growth of myeloid (CFU-GM) and erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cells from six patients with AIDS was not significantly different from that of normal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seronegative donors: 25.3 +/- 5 CFU-GM per 5 x 10(4) low density marrow cells and 33.5 +/- 5 BFU-E were observed in AIDS patients versus 32.7 +/- 5 CFU-GM and 42.1 +/- 5 BFU-E in controls. Furthermore, no HIV-DNA in individual colonies (CFU-GM and BFU-E) could be detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, although HIV-1 DNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same patients. Similarly, normal bone marrow cells exposed in vitro to different isolates of HIV or recombinant purified HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp) 120 did not exhibit any difference in growth of CFU-GM or BFU-E as compared with mock exposed bone marrow cells. HIV- 1 DNA could not be detected by the PCR technique in individual colonies derived from HIV exposed marrow. This study suggests that committed myeloid and erythroid progenitors from AIDS patients are responsive to hematopoietic growth factors in vitro and do not appear to contain HIV- 1 DNA. Also, HIV or its envelope gp did not alter the growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. No evidence of HIV infection of progenitor cells could be demonstrated. Impaired hematopoiesis in patients with AIDS may not be related to direct effects of HIV on committed progenitor cells.
Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance, but appears unsuited for metabolic screening in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (2008)

In PCOS, RBP4 has a small independent impact on IR. It is not correlated with hyperandrogenemia, 17beta-estradiol, other adrenal steroids, or with markers of adiposity in general. Furthermore, RBP4 does not appear suitable for screening MS or impaired glucose metabolism (IGT or diabetes).
Central Nervous System Pathology in Pediatric AIDS<sup>a</sup> (1993)

Children with AIDS frequently have neurological manifestations due to complications of immunodeficiency or intrinsic effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) on the central nervous system (CNS). The most common neurological disorders not directly related to HIV-1 infection include cerebrovascular disease and lymphoma. Global anoxic-ischemic and necrotizing encephalopathies are frequent, while CNS hemorrhages and arteriopathies are less frequent. Opportunistic CNS infections are uncommon, limited predominantly to monilial and cytomegaloviral encephalitides. Only a few cases of CNS toxoplasmosis have been reported in children. CNS lymphomas often occur in the setting of systemic polymorphous, polyclonal B-cell proliferations that have been associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. Intrinsic effects of HIV-1 on the CNS include microcephaly, diffuse gliosis, basal ganglia mineralization, HIV encephalitis, and corticospinal tract degeneration. Although viral antigens can be detected in microglia and multinucleated cells in HIV encephalitis, most of the CNS effects of HIV-1 infection cannot be attributed to detectable levels of viral antigen, suggesting that the pediatric CNS is unusually susceptible to low-level HIV-1 infection or to systemic effects of HIV-1 infection, possibly mediated by soluble factors, including the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which have been shown to be increased in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of children with AIDS.
Morphology and genome analyses of interspecific hybrids of <i>Elymus scabrus</i> (1987)

Sexual, hexaploid (2n = 42) Elymus scabrus (R. Br.) A. Löve (formerly Agropyron scabrum (R. Br.) Beauv.) was used as the male parent for crossability studies and genome analysis of this Australian species. Mean number of paired chromosome arms (PA) and mean number of chromosome associations per metaphase I cell were determined for four different interspecific hybrids. Means by the female parent of each interspecific hybrid were as follows: tetraploid Elymus canadensis L., 1.17 PA and 32.76 I + 0.04 II (ring) + 1.08 II (rod) + 0.005 IV (chain) in 179 cells from four F 1 's; hexaploid Elymus tsukushiensis Honda, 14.13 PA and 23.48 I + 4.69 II (ring) + 4.13 II (rod) + 0.27 III + 0.01 IV (ring) + 0.01 IV (rod) in 140 cells from three F 1 's; tetraploid Elymus longearistatus (Boiss.) Tzvelev, 4.20 PA and 27.53 I + 0.39 II (ring) + 3.12 II (rod) + 0.15 III in 59 cells from one F 1 ; and tetraploid Elymus semicostatus (Nees ex Steud.) A. Löve, 3.98 PA and 27.961 + 0.34 II (ring) + 2.86 II (rod) + 0.16 III + 0.04 IV (chain) in 50 cells from one F 1 . All F 1 's were completely sterile. An amphiploid of F 1 E. tsukushiensis – E. scabrus was obtained by 0.1% colchicine treatment. It was partially sterile and had the expected chromosome number of 2n = ca. 84. The data were interpreted to indicate that E. scabrus lacks the S and H genomes of E. canadensis, contains the Y genome and a modification of another genome of E. tsukushiensis, and a modification of the Y genomes of E. longearistatus and E. semicostatus. These results contradict a previous report of an S and H genome composition for the Australasian wheatgrasses. Key words: apomixis, Elymus canadensis, Elymus longearistatus, Elymus semicostatus, Elymus tsukushiensis.
Iridium-Catalyzed Oxidative Methyl Esterification of Primary Alcohols and Diols with Methanol (2011)

Oxidative methyl esterification of primary alcohols and diols with methanol was successfully achieved, using acetone as a hydrogen acceptor, under the influence of an iridium complex combined with 2-(methylamino)ethanol (MAE) as catalyst.
Rats made congenic for Oia3 on chromosome 10 become susceptible to squalene-induced arthritis (2001)

Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) regulating the risk of experimental arthritis have been identified by genome-wide linkage analyses, but only the MHC has thus far been reported to transfer arthritis susceptibility in congenic animals. We have produced a congenic strain for Oia3, a genetic factor originally identified as an oil-induced arthritis (OIA) QTL in arthritis-prone DA rats. A 46 cM telomeric region of chromosome 10 encompassing Oia3 was transferred from DA rats to MHC-identical but minutely arthritis-susceptible LEW.1AV1 rats by selective breeding. Arthritis development was provoked in Oia3-congenic rats by intradermal injection of different adjuvant oils. One successful arthritis trigger was squalene, which is approved for vaccinations in humans and has been implicated in Gulf War syndrome. The endogenous cholesterol precursor squalene induced T cell infiltration into joints and macroscopic arthritis in Oia3-congenic rats and DA rats, whereas LEW.1AV1 rats were almost resistant. Arthritis onset, approximately 14 days post-injection, coincided with arrested body-weight gain and increased plasma levels of the inflammation markers fibrinogen and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Congenic rats displayed intermediate phenotypes compared with the two parental strains, and similar to rheumatoid arthritis in humans, female preponderance was observed in Oia3-congenic rats. Finally, recombinant rat strains were constructed and were used to map a susceptibility gene(s) in females to a telomeric 4--19 cM Oia3 subregion. The experimental system described allows transformation of multifactorial arthritis susceptibility into dichotomous phenotypes.
Leveraging the Mixed-Text Segmentation Problem to Design Secure Handwritten CAPTCHAs (2010)

In this paper we present a novel CAPTCHA that is based on the current hard AI problem of mixed-text (handwriting and printed-text) segmentation. The proposed CAPTCHA overlays generated handwritten word images on a generated printed-text background. We first propose a modification that allows for character level perturbations on an existing synthetic handwriting generation technique. These perturbations are parameterized allowing for varying levels of handwritten word complexity. We then use the output from the modified synthetic handwriting generator as the foreground for the mixed-text CAPTCHA. Experiments show that the proposed approach is effective at successfully distinguishing between humans and machines. Human recognition accuracy averages at 0.77 while machine accuracy is below 0.0001.