gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of Tc-99m N,N'-bis(mercaptoacetyl)-2,3-diaminopropanoate as a replacement for I-131 hippurate: concise communication. (1984)

A clinical comparison of Tc-99m N,N'-bis( mercaptoacetyl )-2,3- diaminopropanoate (Component A) (Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A) and I-131 hippurate was conducted in a series of five normal volunteers and 18 patients. Each subject was studied in one session with Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A and I-131-hippurate; digital and analog images were recorded for 30 min and after voiding. In the normal volunteers, digital images with Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A gave a kidney-to-background ratio at 3 min that was greater relative to I-131 hippurate, a leading-edge parenchymal transit time that was similar to I-131 hippurate, and a percent injected dose in the urine at 30 min that was slightly less than I-131 hippurate (p less than 0.05). In patients (serum creatinine 1.0 to 14.3 mg/dl), decreasing renal function impaired excretion of Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A more than that of I-131 hippurate (p less than 0.01). In analog images, Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A always gave superior spatial resolution. No evidence of hepatobiliary excretion was detected with either radiopharmaceutical. We conclude that Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A and similar compounds should be pursued as possible replacements for I-131 hippurate.
Epidermal growth factor induces changes of interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor and actin in intact cells (2008)

<title>Abstract</title> The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a cyto-skeleton-binding protein. Although purified EGFR can interact with acting <italic>in vitro</italic> and normally at least 10% of EGFR exist in the insoluble cytoskeleton fraction of A431 cells, interaction of cytosolic EGFR with actin can only be visualized by fluorescence resonance energy transfer when epidermal growth factor presents in the cell medium. Results indicate that the correct orientation between EGFR and actin is important in the signal transduction process. <b>FullText for HTML: </b><a target="_blank" class="col_4A90E2" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/abbs/40.8.754">https://doi.org/10.1093/abbs/40.8.754</a>
Patchwork: A Patch-wise Attention Network for Efficient Object Detection and Segmentation in Video Streams (2019)

Recent advances in single-frame object detection and segmentation techniques have motivated a wide range of works to extend these methods to process video streams. In this paper, we explore the idea of hard attention aimed for latency-sensitive applications. Instead of reasoning about every frame separately, our method selects and only processes a small sub-window of the frame. Our technique then makes predictions for the full frame based on the sub-windows from previous frames and the update from the current sub-window. The latency reduction by this hard attention mechanism comes at the cost of degraded accuracy. We made two contributions to address this. First, we propose a specialized memory cell that recovers lost context when processing sub-windows. Secondly, we adopt a Q-learning-based policy training strategy that enables our approach to intelligently select the sub-windows such that the staleness in the memory hurts the performance the least. Our experiments suggest that our approach reduces the latency by approximately four times without significantly sacrificing the accuracy on the ImageNet VID video object detection dataset and the DAVIS video object segmentation dataset. We further demonstrate that we can reinvest the saved computation into other parts of the network, and thus resulting in an accuracy increase at a comparable computational cost as the original system and beating other recently proposed state-of-the-art methods in the low latency range.
Image Similarity For Automatic Video Summarization (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1985)

Cultured vascular smooth muscle cells derived by enzymatic dissociation of rabbit aortic media were used for study of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors (AAR) and receptor-coupled calcium flux. AAR were characterized by binding of the alpha 1-selective radioligand [3H]prazosin, and norepinephrine-stimulated 45calcium efflux was measured as an index of AAR-mediated calcium flux. The binding of [3H]prazosin to a crude cellular homogenate was to a single, saturable site of high affinity (Kd = 0.15 nM, Bmax = 75-125 fmol/mg protein), which was stereo-specific and exhibited the appropriate potency order for competition by agonists. Prazosin (Kd = 0.07 nM) was approximately 3000-fold more potent than the alpha 2-selective antagonist yohimbine (Kd = 222 nM), both of which exhibited Hill coefficients of one, indicative of binding to a single receptor type. In intact cells, norepinephrine caused a concentration-related (EC50 = 100 nM) increase in 45calcium efflux which was blocked by low concentrations of prazosin (IC50 approximately equal to 0.1 nM), but not yohimbine (IC50 greater than 100 nM). An alpha 1-selective concentration of prazosin (100 nM) fully blocked norepinephrine-stimulated 45calcium efflux, and therefore, it appears that this effect does not involve alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. Treatment of cultured cells with 1-norepinephrine for 48 h caused a concentration-related decrease in both AAR density and maximum norepinephrine-stimulated 45calcium efflux. This cultured vascular smooth muscle cell system provides several advantages for the study of alpha-adrenergic receptor coupling and regulation.
Studies of Copper Nanoparticles Effects on Micro-organisms (2011)

We discuss about the antibacterial activities of copper nanoparticles on both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria in this investigation. First time, we increase its antibacterial activities by using electrical power while on electrolysis synthesis and it is confirmed from its more antibacterial activities (For Escherichia coli bacteria). We investigate the changes of surface area to volume ratio of copper nanoparticles prepared in two different methods and its effects on antibacterial activities. We note that slight change of surface area to volume ratio results in the enhancement of its antibacterial activities.
Applications of biotechnological methods to studies of protozoan parasites. (1988)

Biotechnology applies and extends the concepts and techniques of molecular biology. An overview of the applications and potential uses of the technology is presented for selected protozoan parasites. The areas reviewed include the characterization of protozoa, the production of their antigens, and the uses of hybridomas for studies of the antigens and host responses. In addition to the traditional methods of classification, parasitic protozoa are identified and characterized according to stable molecular markers. Peptidemes, zymodemes, antigens, schizodemes, and chromosomal complements define isolates and correlate with biological activities of the parasites. While antigens are typically extracted from parasites obtained from infected hosts or grown in vitro, they may be produced with in vitro translation systems, recombinant procedures with bacteria, or more recently developed techniques such as co-transformation and electroporation with eucaryotic cells. Monoclonal antibodies produced by B-cell hybridomas are used to identify parasites, antigens, epitopes, and the locations and functions of specific antigens. T-cell hybridomas may provide insights into cell-mediated immunity and interactions with the parasites.
Extraordinary Overoxidation Resistance Increase in Self-Doped Polypyrroles by Using Non-conventional Low Charge-Density Anions (2002)

A cation exchange membrane formed via the polymerization of a cobaltabisdicarbollide unit with pyrrole is presented. The cobalt doping agent is covalently bound directly to the pyrrole unit (see Figure); no supporting electrolyte is necessary. An improved overoxidation resistance over the non-covalently linked counterpart is reported. Thus this new material is an excellent candidate for selective ion exchange resins controlled by an electrochemical potential.
Enabling Smart Air Conditioning by Sensor Development: A Review (2016)

The study investigates the development of sensors, in particular the use of thermo-fluidic sensors and occupancy detectors, to achieve smart operation of air conditioning systems. Smart operation refers to the operation of air conditioners by the reinforcement of interaction to achieve both thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Sensors related to thermal comfort include those of temperature, humidity, and pressure and wind velocity anemometers. Improvements in their performance in the past years have been studied by a literature survey. Traditional occupancy detection using passive infra-red (PIR) sensors and novel methodologies using smartphones and wearable sensors are both discussed. Referring to the case studies summarized in this study, air conditioning energy savings are evaluated quantitatively. Results show that energy savings of air conditioners before 2000 was 11%, and 30% after 2000 by the integration of thermo-fluidic sensors and occupancy detectors. By utilizing wearable sensing to detect the human motions, metabolic rates and related information, the energy savings can reach up to 46.3% and keep the minimum change of predicted mean vote (∆PMV→0), which means there is no compromise in thermal comfort. This enables smart air conditioning to compensate for the large variations from person to person in terms of physiological and psychological satisfaction, and find an optimal temperature for everyone in a given space. However, this tendency should be evidenced by more experimental results in the future.
Interprofessional Education for Personalized Medicine Through Technology-Based Learning (2015)

The delivery of personalized medicine utilizing genetic and genomic technologies is anticipated to involve many medical specialties. Interprofessional education will be key to the delivery of personalized medicine in order to reduce disjointed or uncoordinated clinical care, and optimize effective communication to promote patient understanding and engagement regarding the use of or need for these services. While several health professional organizations have endorsed and/or developed core competencies for genetics and genomics, the lack of interprofessional guidelines and training may hamper the delivery of coordinated personalized medicine. In this perspective, we consider the potential for interprofessional education and training using technology-based approaches, such as virtual simulation and gaming, compared with traditional educational approaches.
Grain size determination for parallel processing (1988)

A method called grain packing is proposed as a way to optimize parallel programs. A grain is defined as one or more concurrently executing program modules. A grain begins executing as soon as all of its inputs are available, and terminates only after all of its outputs have been computed. Grain packing reduces total execution time by balancing execution time and communication time. Used with an optimizing scheduler, it gives consistently better results than human-engineered scheduling and packing. The method is language-independent and is applicable to both extended serial and concurrent programming languages, including Occam, Fortran, and Pascal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Caenorhabditis elegans model of Yersinia infection: biofilm formation on a biotic surface (2003)

To investigate Yersinia pathogenicity and the evolutionary divergence of the genus, the effect of pathogenic yersiniae on the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was studied. Three strains of Yersinia pestis, including a strain lacking pMT1, caused blockage and death of C. elegans; one strain, lacking the haemin storage (hms) locus, caused no effect. Similarly, 15 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica caused no effect. Strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis showed different levels of pathogenicity. The majority of strains (76 %) caused no discernible effect; 5 % caused a weak infection, 9.5 % an intermediate infection, and 9.5 % a severe infection. There was no consistent relationship between serotype and severity of infection; nor was there any relationship between strains causing infection of C. elegans and those able to form a biofilm on an abiotic surface. Electron microscope and cytochemical examination of infected worms indicated that the infection phenotype is a result of biofilm formation on the head of the worm. Seven transposon mutants of Y. pseudotuberculosis strain YPIII pIB1 were completely or partially attenuated; mutated genes included genes encoding proteins involved in haemin storage and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. A screen of 15 defined C. elegans mutants identified four where mutation caused (complete) resistance to infection by Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII pIB1. These mutants, srf-2, srf-3, srf-5 and the dauer pathway gene daf-1, also exhibit altered binding of lectins to the nematode surface. This suggests that biofilm formation on a biotic surface is an interactive process involving both bacterial and invertebrate control mechanisms.
Candida infections in the neonate (2003)

Candida infections have become an increasingly frequent problem in neonatal intensive care units, particularly among extremely low birth weight infants. Transmission occurs both vertically and horizontally, with Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis as the predominant species. Multiple risk factors have been identified with prior antibiotic exposure, presence of a central line, endotracheal intubation, and prior fungal colonization reported most frequently. The primary site of infection can involve the bloodstream, meninges, or urinary tract, but disease is frequently disseminated to multiple organ systems. Amphotericin is the most commonly used antifungal agent, although fluconazole is being used more frequently. The potential role of antifungal prophylaxis is not yet clearly defined, but has been the topic of recent investigative efforts. The crude mortality rate among neonates with systemic candidiasis remains approximately 30%.
Advance in Mitral Valve Repair Using a Device Flexible in Three Dimensions The St Jude Medical-Séguin Annuloplasty Ring (1996)

To allow remodeling of the annulus while respecting natural three dimensional annular movements during mitral valve repair, a new annuloplasty ring (St Jude Medical [SJM]-Séguin annuloplasty ring) was developed. This ring has variable flexibility; that is, it is sufficiently rigid on the anterior portion to maintain intercommissural distance, and sufficiently flexible on the posterior portion to respect left ventricular function and natural three dimensional annular mobility. Fifty patients operated on for pure mitral regurgitation between January, 1994 and June, 1995 were studied. Mean age was 58 years. The cause of mitral insufficiency was degenerative in 80% of the patients, rheumatic in 12%, ischemic in 4%, and infectious in 4%. The operative technique to restore normal valve coaptation was quadrangular resection in 31 cases, commissurotomy and chordal fenestration in 8, use of polytetrafluoroethylene chordae in 6, and chordal shortening or transposition in 5. Annuloplasty with a SJM-Séguin annuloplasty ring was realized in all 50 cases. Transesophageal echocardiographic mitral regurgitation decreased from 3.6 +/- 0.8 to 0.3 +/- 0.2 after repair (p < 0.005). Two post operative deaths due to non valve related complications, were observed. There were no ring related complications, especially no left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to systolic anterior motion. Patients were all reviewed at a mean follow-up of 12.1 months (range, 9-27 months). All are well, in New York Heart Association functional Class I. Echocardiography showed a mean 0.4 +/- 0.3 mitral regurgitation, absence of any systolic anterior motion, and satisfactory mobility of the annuloplasty ring after the movements of the natural annulus, including non planar deviation. These preliminary results suggest that this annuloplasty ring 1) provides excellent correction of annular dilatation and remodeling of the annulus, 2) avoids systolic anterior motion observed with rigid rings, and 3) preserves physiologic three dimensional annulus motion.
INTERACCIONS ENTRE LA TURBULÈNCIA DE PETITA ESCALA I ELS ORGANISMES I PROCESSOS PLANCTÒNICS EN EL MARC DE CANVIS GLOBALS (2004)

La turbulencia de petita escala es ubiqua a l'ocea i afecta de maneres diverses les relacions dels organismes planctonics amb el medi i entre si, amb resultats finals visibles al sistema. Globalment, es preveu la continuacio d'una serie de tendencies, tant des del punt de vista climatic com en altres aspectes, que poden fer variar la frequencia dels esdeveniments amb pics de turbulencia o la intensitat mitjana d'aquesta turbulencia. En aquest treball es fan unes breus pinzellades sobre com aquests canvis poden afectar l'estructura i dinamica del plancton i la funcio del sistema planctonic.
Array multiplication scheme using ( <i>p</i> ,2)countersand pre-addition (1995)

The authors propose a pre-add counter scheme that provides, for common operand lengths, a speedup, measured in terms of CSAs, by a factor of up to 9 over CSA array multipliers and by a factor up to 2 over parallel multipliers using Lim counters. Furthermore it permits efficient mapping in VLSI implementations.
Neural Architecture Search: A Survey (2019)

Deep Learning has enabled remarkable progress over the last years on a variety of tasks, such as image recognition, speech recognition, and machine translation. One crucial aspect for this progress are novel neural architectures. Currently employed architectures have mostly been developed manually by human experts, which is a time-consuming and error-prone process. Because of this, there is growing interest in automated neural architecture search methods. We provide an overview of existing work in this field of research and categorize them according to three dimensions: search space, search strategy, and performance estimation strategy.
Method for optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring based on modulation spectrum assessment (2009)

A novel method for optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring is presented. The method is based on two-filter narrowband filtering which, combined with the knowledge of the modulation format, allows the determination of the amount of amplified spontaneous emission noise in the channel spectrum. The major advantage of the method is simplified experimental setup. The robustness of the method against various signal impairments is discussed and assessed through simulation. It is shown that the method provides sufficient accuracy for most practical applications and is remarkably resilient against other physical phenomena reducing signal quality. In particular, the method is inherently insensitive to chromatic dispersion and polarisation-related impairments. All results are presented for 10 Gb/s return-to-zero format.
Polymer photostabilization by surface grafting (1976)

Abstract Various means by which photostabilization of polymers can be achieved are described, and work on a method of photostabilization by surface screening on a substrate polymer is presented. The surface screen is obtained by graft copolymerization of a polymerizable hydroxybenzophenone ultraviolet absorber. The results show that the application of this method to polypropylene and poly(vinyl chloride) is an effective stabilization treatment.
Nanostructured Antifouling Poly(ethylene glycol) Films for Silicon-Based Microsystems (2005)

The creation of antifouling surfaces is one of the major prerequisites for silicon-based micro-electrical-mechanical systems for biomedical and analytical applications (known as BioMEMS). Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a water-soluble, nontoxic, and nonimmunogenic polymer has the unique ability to reduce nonspecific protein adsorption and cell adhesion and, therefore, is generally coupled with a wide variety of surfaces to improve their biocompatibility. To this end, we have analyzed PEG thin films of various grafting densities (i.e., number of PEG chains per unit area) coupled to silicon using a single-step PEG-silane coupling reaction scheme using variable-angle ellipsometry. Initial PEG concentration and coupling time were varied to attain different grafting densities. These data were theoretically analyzed to understand the phenomenon of PEG film formation. Furthermore, all the PEG films were evaluated for their ability to control biofouling using albumin and fibrinogen as the model proteins. PEG thin films formed by using higher PEG concentrations ( > or = 10 mM PEG) or coupling time ( > or = 1 h) demonstrated enhanced protein fouling resistance behavior. This analysis is expected to be useful to form PEG films of desired grafting density on silicon substrates for appropriate application.
Josephson Vortex-Flow Transistors Based on Parallel Arrays of YBa2CusO7-6 Bicrystal Grain Boundary Junctions (1995)

Abstsact-Three-terminal electronic devices based on flux-flow phenomena have attracted considerable interest due to their potential application in the interface between superconducting and semiconducting electronics. We have fabricated Josephson vortex flow transistors based on parallel arrays of YBa2C~307-~ (YBCO) bicrystal Grain Boundary Junctions (GBJs). The array critical current I, has been measured as a function of an external magnetic field B or the magnetic field of the current Ictrl that is fed through the control line coupled inductively to the array. By varying the device geometry we have studied the influence of the coupling of the magnetic control and the array parameters such as the number N of discrete Josephson elements and the screening parameter ,BL on the I,(B) dependences of the arrays. Going from PL > 1 the measured I,(B) curves changed from a dependence similar to the diffraction pattern of a grid to a dependence dominated by the parameters of a single array cell. The impact on the available current gain is discussed.
Meeting overlay requirements for future technology nodes with in-die overlay metrology (2007)

As a consequence of the shrinking sizes of the integrated circuit structures, the overlay budget shrinks as well. Overlay is traditionally measured with relatively large test structures which are located in the scribe line of the exposure field, in the four corners. Although the performance of the overlay metrology tools has improved significantly over time it is questionable if this traditional method of overlay control will be sufficient for future technology nodes. For advanced lithography techniques like double exposure or double patterning, in-die overlay is critical and it is important to know how much of the total overlay budget is consumed by in-die components. We reported earlier that small overlay targets were included directly inside die areas and good performance was achieved. This new methodology enables a wide range of investigations. This provides insight into processes which were less important in the past or not accessible for metrology. The present work provides actual data from productive designs, instead of estimates, illustrating the differences between the scribe line and in-die registration and overlay. The influence of the pellicle on pattern placement on mask and wafer overlay is studied. Furthermore the registration overlay error of the reticles is correlated to wafer overlay residuals. The influence of scanner-induced distortions (tool to tool differences) on in-die overlay is shown. Finally, the individual contributors to in-die-overlay are discussed in the context of other overlay contributors. It is proposed to use in-die overlay and registration results to derive guidelines for future overlay and registration specifications. It will be shown that new overlay correction schemes which take advantage of the additional in-die overlay information need to be considered for production.