gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: Evidence for a Neurotransmitter Role in the Locus ceruleus during Hemodynamic Stress (1988)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is localized in fibers in the noradrenergic nucleus locus ceruleus (LC) and alters LC discharge characteristics when administered centrally. To determine whether CRF functions as a neurotransmitter in the LC during stress, the effects of hemodynamic stress on LC discharge were compared to those of CRF. Hemodynamic stress elicited by intravenous nitroprusside infusion produced identical effects on LC spontaneous and sensory-evoked discharge as those reported for centrally administered CRF. Thus, nitroprusside increased LC spontaneous discharge rates, and disrupted LC discharge evoked by sensory stimuli such that the stimuli were less effective in producing phasic increases in LC discharge. The neuronal effects of nitroprusside were completely blocked by central administration of the CRF receptor antagonist, alpha helical CRF9-41, but not by pretreatment with dexamethasone which blocks stress-elicited hypophyseal CRF release. The present results confirm other reports of LC activation by stressors, and extend these studies by demonstrating that, in certain circumstances, this activation is dependent on endogenous CRF. This study supports the concept that CRF functions as a neurotransmitter in the LC in the initiation of stress responses.
A transmissive/absorbing radome with double absorbing band (2016)

ABSTRACT A concise transmissive/absorbing radome principle model is presented, which realizes flat‐top wide‐band transmission band and two electromagnetic absorbing wide band located above and beneath the transmission band. Simulation indicates reflection signature of this radome structure could be reduced by over −10 dB out of transmission band. Frequency‐selective characters are achieved by one resistive FSS layer and two metallic FSS layers with nested square element, along with two dielectric spacer layers. An experimental‐demonstration sample plate fabrication and measurement testifies the model preliminarily. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2016–2019, 2016
Fluorinated and Alkylthiolated Polymeric Donors Enable both Efficient Fullerene and Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells (2018)

Abstract In this work, four donor (D)–acceptor (A) copolymers based on benzodithiophene (BDT) and benzothiadiazole (BT) with different alkylthiolated and/or fluorinated side chains are developed for efficient fullerene and nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs). The synergistic effect of sulfuration and fluorination on the optical absorption, energy level, crystallinity, carrier mobility, blend morphology, and photovoltaic performance is investigated systematically. By incorporating sulfur atoms onto the side chains, a little blueshifted but significantly increased absorption can be obtained for PBDTS‐FBT compared to PBDT‐FBT . On the other side, a little more blueshifted but much stronger absorption and much lower‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level can be realized for PBDTF‐FBT when introducing fluorine atoms instead of sulfur atoms. With the combination of both fluorination and sulfuration strategies, PBDTS‐FBT exhibits the best absorption ability, lowest HOMO energy level, and highest crystallinity, which make PBDTSF‐FBT devices show the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.69% in fullerene PSCs and 11.66% in nonfullerene PSCs. The PCE of 11.66% is the best value for PSCs based on BT‐containing copolymer donors reported so far. The results indicate that fluorination and sulfuration have a synergistically positive effect on the performance of D–A photovoltaic copolymers and their solar cell devices.
Activation of Floral Homeotic Genes in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1993)

The identity of floral organs in Arabidopsis thaliana is determined by homeotic genes, which are expressed in specific regions of the developing flower. The initial activation of homeotic genes is accomplished at least in part by the products of two earlier acting genes with overlapping functions. These are the floral meristem-identity genes LEAFY and APETALA1. The requirements of LEAFY and APETALA1 activity vary for different homeotic genes.
Multiple User Interfaces: Cross‐Platform Applications and Context‐Aware Interfaces (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: MUI: Characterization and Evolution Fertile Topics for Research Exploration Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References
[Measurements of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 levels in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis]. (2000)

Unusual levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in PF of EM patients partly account for imbalance of the immunologically dynamic environment in peritoneal cavity of EM patients.
Benzimidazole condensed ring systems. XII. Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of certain pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives. (1999)

Previously, we have evaluated several pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles (PBIs) as potential antineoplastic agents. Among them, NSC 649900 and NSC 682011 revealed good antineoplastic activity against some cell lines of clinically isolated human tumors. For further structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies we report here the synthesis and antineoplastic evaluation of related series of PBIs with similar haloarylamino (13-18, 23-28), haloarylaminomethylene (29-34) and haloarylazo (35-38) moieties at position 1 or 2. Some of these derivatives revealed notable activity against some tumor cell lines; the highest activity was recorded for the p-fluorophenylamino-3-phenyl-PBI (23, NSC 699944) and its p-chlorophenyl analog (24, NSC 699948). These compounds were selected by the NCI for further testing in a new in vivo anticancer hollow fiber assay.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Glycoside Analogues of N4‐(2‐Acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ glucopyranosyl)‐L‐asparagine: Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of a Cyclic C‐Glycopeptide. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Endoderm without Embryoid Body Formation (2010)

Pluripotent embryonic stem cells hold a great promise as an unlimited source of tissue for treatment of chronic diseases such as Type 1 diabetes. Herein, we describe a protocol using all-trans-retinoic acid, basic fibroblast growth factor and dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP) in the absence of embryoid body formation, for differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells into definitive endoderm that may serve as pancreatic precursors. The produced cells were analyzed by quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and static insulin release assay for markers of trilaminar embryo, and pancreas. Differentiated cells displayed increased Sox17 and Foxa2 expression consistent with definitive endoderm production. There was minimal production of Sox7, an extraembryonic endoderm marker, and Oct4, a marker of pluripotency. There was minimal mesoderm or neuroectoderm formation based on expression levels of the markers brachyury and Sox1, respectively. Various assays revealed that the cell clusters generated by this protocol express markers of the pancreatic lineage including insulin I, insulin II, C-peptide, PDX-1, carboxypeptidase E, pan-cytokeratin, amylase, glucagon, PAX6, Ngn3 and Nkx6.1. This protocol using all-trans-retinoic acid, DBcAMP, in the absence of embryoid bodies, generated cells that have features of definitive endoderm that may serve as pancreatic endocrine precursors.
Enhanced Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production by LPS Stimulated Human Monocytes Isolated from HIV + Patients (2000)

Periodontal disease and tooth loss is a common finding among advanced HIV+ patients. In addition to local oral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, systemic up-regulation of monocyte pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion may also be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV disease. A study was undertaken to investigate IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production by resting and LPS stimulated monocytes isolated from HIV+ patients and also to investigate the relationship of the patient's HIV viral load status to the cytokine production. Whole blood samples in EDTA were collected from 39 HIV-1 infected patients and 20 age and sex matched uninfected controls. Plasma was separated by centrifugation. Viral load was determined using a quantitative RT-PCR. Monocytes were isolated by Ficoll-hypaque gradient separation followed by overnight plastic adherence. Cultured monocytes (1x10(6)/ml) were stimulated with LPS (1 microg/ml) of either P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum for 2, 8, 24 and 48 h and supernatant fluids were collected. IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels in supernatant fluids were estimated by ELISA. Increased overall production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha by LPS stimulated monocytes isolated from HIV-1 infected patients was observed when compared to HIV-1 uninfected controls. LPS stimulated monocytes from HIV-1 infected patients with high viral load (HVL) produced significant (p<0.05) elevations in these pro-inflammatory cytokines when compared to HIV-1 uninfected controls. Both LPS of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum produced a comparable cytokine production by monocytes after 8 h of stimulation. These data suggest that enhanced IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha is produced by monocytes/macrophages isolated from HVL HIV+ patients and may be involved in the overall pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
The Last Taboo (2010)

Except in schoolboy jokes, the subject of human waste is rarely aired. We talk aboutwater-related diseases when most are sanitation-related - in short, we don‘t mention the shit. A century and a half ago, a long, hot summer reduced the Thames flowing past the UK Houses of Parliament to aGreat Stink thereby inducing MPs to legislate sanitary reform. Today, another sanitary reformation is needed, one that manages to spread cheaper and simpler systems to people everywhere. In the byways of the developing world, much is quietly happening on the excretory frontier. In 2008, the International Year of Sanitation, the authors bring this awkward subject to a wider audience than the world of international filth usually commands. They seek the elimination of theGreat Distaste so that people without political clout or economic muscle can claim their right to a dignified and hygienic place togo. Published with UNICEF
Normal protein and glycoprotein profiles of reflex tears and trace element composition of basal tears from heavy and slight deposits on soft contact lenses. (1995)

We investigated the hypothesis that lacrimal component accumulation on soft contact lenses (SCL) may be induced by an abnormal protein, glycoprotein, or trace element composition of the tear fluid. Individual tear samples were collected from healthy non-SCL wearers (normal patients) and SCL wearers grouped as either "slight-depositor" or "heavy-depositor" following SCL spoilage rate and frequency. The reflex tear proteins were analyzed by three electrophoretic procedures: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on minigels, isoelectric focusing (IEF) on immobilized pH gradients (IPG 4-7), and two-dimensional separation combining IEF in the first dimension to orthogonal SDS-PAGE. After separation, the proteins were detected by silver staining and identified by immunologic probes. The reflex tear glycoproteins were analyzed by lectin affinity associated electrotransfer of SDS-PAGE with a panel of five biotinylated lectin probes: Canavalia ensiformis (Con A), Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), glycine max (SBA), Ulex europaeus (UEA 1), and Triticum vulgaris (WGA) agglutinins. The basal tear trace elements were analyzed by Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence. Despite the highly sensitive techniques used in the study, the profiles of reflex tear proteins, glycoproteins, and trace elements appeared to vary slightly among individuals. No evident qualitative difference in reflex tear fluid related to SCL wear or deposit formation susceptibility was found. The presence or absence of a particular protein, glycoprotein, or trace element could not be correlated with a different reactivity to SCL. However, potassium and carbohydrate residues having affinity with Jacalin and WGA presented little but not significant variations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Long baseline gravitational wave detectors – status and developments (2007)

Results are now appearing from the first generation of long baseline gravitational wave detectors – LIGO, VIRGO, GEO 600 and TAMA 300 – that use laser interferometry for motion sensing. In this short review the current state of the field will be briefly discussed, and the prospects and plans for future instruments will be outlined.
Integrated Visualization of Gene Network and Ontology Applying a Hierarchical Graph Visualization Technique (2012)

A gene network is constructed with genes as nodes, and interactions between genes as edges so as to reveal unknown gene functions and relationship. However, nodes and edges of gene networks are usually very numerous. Because of that, it may be difficult to understand relations between genomic functions and gene-gene interactions, if it is visualized by traditional techniques. This paper presents our technique on visualization of gene networks and gene ontology(GO), which summarizes gene functions and attributes. The technique represents the functions defined by GO as colors of nodes, and bundles edges depending on the gene functions to ease visual complication of the network.
Flammability characteristics and performance of halogen‐free flame‐retarded polyoxymethylene based on phosphorus–nitrogen synergistic effects (2010)

Abstract The flammability characteristics and thermal stability of a novel halogen‐free flame‐retardant compounding system based on polyoxymethylene (POM) were studied, and a very effective flame retarding formulation for POM was developed from a combination of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine cyanurate (MC), novolak, and dipentaerythritol. The decomposition behavior of POM compounds was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The compound shows optimal flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index of 52.8 and flammability rating of UL94 V‐0, when 27 wt % APP, 9 wt % MC, 4 wt % novolak, and 4 wt % dipentaerythritol are simultaneously incorporated into POM. The presence of novolak and dipentaerythritol as char‐forming agents results in a dense and compact multicellular char residue for the test bar after combustion, while Fourier transform infrared spectra confirm a characteristic phosphorous‐ and carbon‐rich char resulting from the APP/MC formulation. The pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicates that highly flammable formaldehyde gas, the main pyrolysis product of POM, is annihilated by amide derivatives produced by the pyrolysis of MC, imparting better flame retardancy. The comprehensive flame‐retardant mechanisms based on phosphorus–nitrogen synergism promote the high flame retardancy of POM to reach the nonflammability of V‐0 rating. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Rapid acquisition of high resolution full wavefield borehole seismic data (1993)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993Rapid acquisition of high resolution full wavefield borehole seismic dataAuthors: Gerard E. SleefeRichard S. HardingJohn W. FairbornBjorn N. P. PaulssonGerard E. SleefeSandia National Laboratories, Richard S. HardingSandia National Laboratories, John W. FairbornChevron Petroleum Technology Co., and Bjorn N. P. PaulssonChevron Petroleum Technology Co.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822563 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822563FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1993 Pages: 1396 publication data© 1993 Copyright © 1993 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Gerard E. Sleefe, Richard S. Harding, Jr., John W. Fairborn, and Bjorn N. P. Paulsson, (1993), "Rapid acquisition of high resolution full wavefield borehole seismic data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 5-8. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822563 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
<i>O</i> -GlcNAc modification in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2007)

Abstract Similar to phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation (or simply GlcNAcylation) is an abundant, dynamic, and inducible post-translational modification. In some cases, GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation occur at the same or adjacent sites, modulating each other. GlcNAcylated proteins are crucial in regulating virtually all cellular processes, including signaling, cell cycle, and transcription, among others. GlcNAcylation affects protein–protein interactions, activity, stability, and expression. Several GlcNAcylated proteins are involved in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Hyperglycemia increases GlcNAcylation of proteins within the insulin signaling pathway and contributes to insulin resistance. In addition, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia are also associated with increased GlcNAcylation, which affect and regulate several insulin signaling proteins, as well as proteins involved on the pathology of diabetes. With respect to Alzheimer's disease, several proteins involved in the etiology of the disease, including tau, neurofilaments, beta-amyloid precursor protein, and synaptosomal proteins are GlcNAcylated in normal brain. The impairment of brain glucose uptake/metabolism is a known metabolic defect in Alzheimer's neurons. Data support the hypothesis that hypoglycemia within the brain may reduce the normal GlcNAcylation of tau, exposing kinase acceptor sites, thus leading to hyperphosphorylation, which induces tangle formation and neuronal death. Alzheimer's disease and type II diabetes represent two metabolic disorders where dysfunctional protein GlcNAcylation/phosphorylation may be important for disease pathology.
Bacillus pulvifaciens sp. nov., nom. rev. (1984)

Because the name Bacillus pulvifaciens Katznelson 1950 was excluded from the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, it has lost standing in bacteriological nomenclature. Based on deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness analyses, 24 weakly catalase-positive strains of “B. pulvifaciens” could be separated into two genotypically distinct groups. Because the larger group of 17 isolates included strains with high levels of deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness (80 to 100%) to a reference strain originally isolated and studied by Katznelson, this group was considered to represent the species as first described. This group was phenotypically homogeneous. Moreover, it was not genetically or phenotypically related to members of the smaller deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness group or to the type strains of Bacillus alvei, Bacillus larvae, and Bacillus laterosporus, species that are frequently associated with diseased honeybee larvae. Based on the results of this study, the revival of the name Bacillus pulvifaciens is proposed. The type strain is strain NRRL B-3685.
Substrate chemical etching prior to molecular-beam epitaxy: An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of GaAs {001} surfaces etched by the H2SO4-H2O2-H2O solution (1985)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been performed in order to investigate the effects of the chemical etching of GaAs {001} surfaces by the H2SO4/H2O2/H2O solution used following the procedure currently practiced in the molecular-beam-epitaxy technique. It is demonstrated that, in contrast to what is generally believed, rinsing in running deionized water after etching does not produce any passivating oxide film on the surface. The surface-oxidized phases are only due to the sample manipulation in air after etching. This oxidation process is enhanced by the sample heating for indium soldering on the sample holder. It is shown that the surface-oxidized phases can be avoided by handling the sample under an inert atmosphere. Results of thermal desorption of the surface-oxidized phases are also given.
Dusty Plasmas: Physics, Chemistry and Technological Impacts in Plasma Processing (2000)

A book on the physics and chemistry of dusty plasmas is very welcome. This book, which is much more than collected works in workshop or conference proceedings, proposes a synthesis of current knowledge published in the different fields of dusty plasmas. It is divided into four chapters of nearly equal length, each of them dealing with an important aspect of dusty plasmas: physics of dusty plasmas, growth mechanisms of particles and kinetics, diagnostics, drawbacks of, and applications in, dusty plasmas. Even though the history of dusty plasmas begins with their diagnostics, the organization of the book is quite adequate. A short preface from the editor would have been appreciated (for general motivation).
Electrical and Optical Properties of Ge<sub><i>x</i></sub>Se<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Amorphous Thin Films (1976)

Measurements of electrical and optical properties have been made on GexSe1-x amorphous thin films of about 1 µm thickness. From the experiment of electrical conductivity at various temperatures, two processes of the d.c. conductivity in GexSe1-x films are observed in plots of ln σ against 1/T. The thermoelectric power exhibits a maximum value of p-type conduction at pure Se and a change of the sign from positive to negative at 0.4<x<0.5. Measurements of the photoconductivity and the absorption spectra have been made at room temperature. It is found that the energy gap is decreased with increasing additions of the Ge content. An energy band model of amorphous GexSe1-x films has been proposed for consistent explanations of experimental data.
The Scandalous Journey of Monsieur J: Saint-Evremond's 'Lettre a M.J.G.E.C.D.P' (1992)

Journal Article THE SCANDALOUS JOURNEY OF MONSIEUR J.: SAINT-ÉVREMOND'S ‘LETTRE A M.J.G.E.C.D.P.’ Get access QUENTIN M. HOPE QUENTIN M. HOPE INDIANA UNIVERSITY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XLVI, Issue 1, January 1992, Pages 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XLVI.1.1 Published: 01 January 1992
Web site reuse: cloning and adapting (2001)

A common requirement when developing Web sites is a reduced time to operation. Reuse of conceptual views and code components from exiting operational sites is a key to reducing the development time and risks while improving the quality of the site under development. The authors outline an approach to reuse of existing sites by means of cloning and adaptations. The starting point is a repository of conceptual views of existing Web sites, corresponding code components, and traceability links between the conceptual views and the code. We use UML diagrams to express the conceptual views. The requirements of a new site are matched against the conceptual models in the repository to identify reuse candidates, and the traceability links are then exploited to isolate the corresponding code components and to devise any needed adaptations.
Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies of the Euro Area -- Selected Issues: Selected Issues (2001)

Although the standard Philips curve is formulated in terms of the level of inflation, Apel and Jansson (1999a) demonstrate that in the presence of a unit root, the Phillips curve can be restated in terms of the change in inflation. Given that unit root tests on inflation were (continued) (l)