gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cordyceps sinensis mycelium protects mice from group A streptococcal infection (2005)

Group A streptococcus (GAS) infection can cause severe invasive diseases, including necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Cordyceps sinensis, a Chinese herbal medicine, is an immunomodulator. In this study the air-pouch bacterial inoculation model was used to investigate the protective efficacy of C. sinensis mycelium extract against GAS infection. Force-feeding mice with C. sinensis mycelium extract for 3 consecutive days before GAS infection increased the survival rate and reduced local skin-tissue injury compared with mice fed PBS. Bacterial numbers in the air pouch exudates from C. sinensis-treated mice were lower than those from PBS-treated mice. Blood and organs in PBS-treated mice showed bacterial dissemination, but those in C. sinensis-treated mice did not. Three days of pretreatment with C. sinensis extract followed by C. sinensis treatment every other day after GAS infection resulted in 100% survival. The post-GAS-infection levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen in the sera of C. sinensis-treated mice were lower than those of PBS-treated mice. Taken together, these results show that C. sinensis mycelium extract protects by decreasing bacterial growth and dissemination, thereby increasing mouse survival rate. IL-12 and IFN-gamma expression and macrophage phagocytic activity also increased after C. sinensis treatment.
An Improved Compensated-Temperature and High PSRR Bandgap Reference Circuit Design (2006)

This paper presents a BiCMOS bandgap reference design, which possesses two Brokaw bandgap references with an RC filter at the output stage. Then a good temperature characteristic and a high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), suit for a wide range of frequency, can be obtained. The simulation results show that within the frequency range from 100Hz to 10MHz, the design has achieved an average of PSRR more than 100dB as well as a temperature coefficient of 6.5 ppm/degC over a temperature range from -25 degC to 110 degC. A fast turn-on circuit is introduced to improve the turn-on time of the circuit
Statistical Tolerance Analysis of a Mechanism with Gaps based on System Reliability Methods (2013)

One of the aim of statistical tolerance analysis is to evaluate a predicted quality level in the design stage. A method consists in computing the defect probability P expressed in parts per million (ppm). It represents the probability that a functional requirement D will not be satisfied in mass production. This paper focuses on the statistical tolerance analysis of over-constrained mechanism with gaps. In this case, the values of the functional characteristics depend on the gap situations, and are not explicitly formulated as a function of part deviations. To compute P, two different methodologies will be presented and confronted. The first one is based on D an optimization algorithm and Monte Carlo simulations. The second methodology uses system reliability methods. The whole approach is illustrated on a basic academic problem inspired by industrial interests.
Feb Consultation # 6 (2006)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: February 2006 - Volume 32 - Issue 2 - p 194 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.12.121
Comparison of Treatment Modalities for Hemorrhagic Shock (2007)

Allogeneic blood resuscitation is the treatment of choice for hemorrhagic shock. When blood is unavailable, plasma expanders, including crystalloids, colloids, and blood substitutes, may be used. Another treatment modality is vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor administered to redistribute blood flow, increase venous return, and maintain adequate cardiac output. While much information exists on systemic function and oxygenation characteristics following treatment with these resuscitants, data on their effects on the microcirculation and correlation of real-time microvascular changes with changes in systemic function and oxygenation in the same animal are lacking. In this study, real-time microvascular changes during hemorrhagic shock treatment were correlated with systemic function and oxygenation changes in a canine hemorrhagic shock model (50-55% total blood loss with a MAP of 45-50 mmHg as a clinical criterion). Following splenectomy and hemorrhage, the dogs were assigned to five resuscitation groups: autologous/shed blood, hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier/Oxyglobin, crystalloid/saline, colloid/Hespan (6% hetastarch), and vasopressin. Systemic function and oxygenation changes were continuously monitored and periodically measured (during various phases of the study) using standard operating room protocols. Computer-assisted intravital video-microscopy was used to objectively analyze and quantify real-time microvascular changes (diameter, red-cell velocity) in the conjunctival microcirculation. Measurements were made during pre-hemorrhagic (baseline), post-hemorrhagic (pre-resuscitation), and post-resuscitation phases of the study. Pre-hemorrhagic microvascular variables were similar in all dogs (venular diameter = 42+/-4 microm, red-cell velocity = 0.55+/-0.5 mm/sec). All dogs showed significant (P < 0.05) post-hemorrhagic microvascular changes: approximately 20% decrease in venular diameter and approximately 30% increase in red-cell velocity, indicative of sympathetic effects arising from substantial blood loss. Microvascular changes correlated with post-hemorrhagic systemic function and oxygenation changes. All resuscitation modalities except vasopressin restored microvascular and systemic function changes close to pre-hemorrhagic values. However, only autologous blood restored oxygenation changes to pre-hemorrhagic levels. Vasopressin treatment resulted in further decreases in venular diameter (approximately 50%) as well as red-cell velocity (approximately 70%) without improving cardiac output. Our results suggested that volume replenishment - not oxygen-carrying capability - played an important role in pre-hospital/en route treatment for hemorrhagic shock. Vasopressin treatment resulted in inadvertent detrimental outcome without the intended benefit.
Pyridinyl diradical .pi.-mer. Magnesium iodide complexes (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyridinyl diradical .pi.-mer. Magnesium iodide complexesEdward M. Kosower and Joseph HajduCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 10, 2534–2535Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00739a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00739a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inflammation in ileal reservoirs: 'pouchitis'. (1990)

Inflammation in ileal reservoirs: 'pouchitis' Unlike conventional ileostomies, ileal faecal reservoirs often become inflamed. The first reservoirs were continent ileostomies and follow up studies soon showed histological features of mucosal inflammation.' Similar changes were found when pelvic ileal pouches were examined.2 The clinical entity caused by mucosal inflammation in a pouch was first recognised in continent ileostomies3 and later in pelvic ileal pouches.4
Automatic ellipsometry without a phase plate (1977)

The design and operation of a sensitive self-nulling automatic ellipsometer based on the application of Faraday effect modulation are described. A number of desirable features of previously reported instruments are combined in the design. In particular, the use of a phase plate is obviated; and strain birefringence is minimized by the use of benzene in the Faraday cells. Various sources of systematic error are considered and measurements on thin films of gold to test the reliability of the instrument are discussed.
Functional Properties and Regulatory Complexity of a Minimal<i>RBCS</i> Light-Responsive Unit Activated by Phytochrome, Cryptochrome, and Plastid Signals (2002)

Light-inducible promoters are able to respond to a wide spectrum of light through multiple photoreceptor systems. Several cis-acting elements have been identified as components of light-responsive promoter elements; however, none of these regulatory elements by itself appears to be sufficient to confer light responsiveness; rather, the combination of at least two elements seems to be required. Using phylogenetic structural analysis, we have identified conserved DNA modular arrays (CMAs) associated with light-responsive promoter regions that have been conserved throughout the evolutionary radiation of angiosperms. Here, we report the functional characterization of CMA5, a native 52-bp fragment of the Nicotiana plumbaginifolia rbcS 8B promoter, which contains an I- and a G-box cis-element. CMA5 behaves as a light-responsive minimal unit capable of activating a heterologous minimal promoter in a phytochrome-, cryptochrome-, and plastid-dependent manner. We also show that CMA5 light induction requires HY5 and that downstream negative regulators COP (constitutive photomorphogenic)/DET (de-etiolated) regulate its activity. Our results show that the simplest light-responsive promoter element from photosynthesis-associated genes described to date is the common target for different signals involved in light regulation. The possible mechanism involved in light-transcriptional regulation and tissue specificity of combinatorial elements units is discussed.
Granger causality graphs for multivariate time series (2016)

In this paper, we discuss the properties of mixed graphs whichvisualize causal relationships between the components of multivariatetime series. In these Granger-causality graphs, the vertices, representing thecomponents of the time series, are connected by arrows according to theGranger-causality relations between the variables whereas lines correspondto contemporaneous conditional association. We show that the concept ofGranger-causality graphs provides a framework for the derivation ofgeneral noncausality relations relative to reduced information sets by performingsequences of simple operations on the graphs. We briefly discussthe implications for the identification of causal relationships. Finally we provide an extension of the linear concept to strong Granger-causality.
Controlling articulated robots in task-space with spiking silicon neurons (2014)

Emulating how humans coordinate articulated limbs within the brain's power budget promises to accelerate progress in building autonomous biomimetic robots. Here, we used a neuromorphic approach - low-power analog silicon spiking neurons - to control an articulated robot in real-time. We obtained a closed-form control function that computes robot motor torques given the robot's joint angles (state) and desired end-effector forces; factorized the function into a set of sub-functions over five unique three-dimensional domains; and regressed each sub-function on to the steady-state spiking responses of one out of five silicon spiking-neuron pools. The spiking pools controlled a three degree-of-freedom robot's motor torques in real-time and performed reaches to arbitrary locations in space with less than 2 cm root-mean-square trajectory tracking error (of an analytical controller). The controller is compliant and can draw shapes with a pen on a dynamically perturbed surface while remaining stable. Using force control resulted in linear responses to perturbations in end-effector coordinates (task-space), which effectively filtered noise due to neuron spikes. Factorizing the controller reduced the neural regression's complexity to cubic in the dynamic range of the robot's state and desired forces. Doing so made acquiring spiking responses for regression tractable in time (~2-3 min), and enabled reliable trajectory tracking with only 1280 neurons. This is the first time a neuromorphic system has achieved realtime manipulation for an articulated robot with three or more degrees-of-freedom.
Cryptography based on chaotic systems (1997)

In this letter, a new chaos-based secure communication scheme is proposed in an attempt to thwart the attacks proposed recently. Instead of encoding the message signal in a chaotic system directly, we use two chaotic signals in our scheme. One of the chaotic signals is used to synchronize the chaotic encrypter and the chaotic decrypter. The other is used to encrypt the plain signal by using a multishift cipher scheme. Thus the transmitted signal is not used to encrypt the message and a more complicated method of encryption is used.
Isoindolenine als Zwischenprodukte der Phthalocyanin‐Synthese (1956)

Abstract Es werden Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallfreien und metallhaltigen Isoindoleninen und deren Kondensationsprodukte beschrieben. Höhermolekulare Kupfer‐, Nickel‐ oder Kobalt‐Isoindolenine lassen sich leicht in die entsprechenden Phthalocyanine überführen. Die Farbstoffbildung vollzieht sich unter so milden Bedingungen, daß mit den Isoindoleninen die Erzeugung von Phthalocyaninen auf der Faser möglich ist, wobei man auch von den monomolekularen Verbindungen ausgehen kann. Als „Phtalogene”︁ (W.Z.) haben die Farbenfabriken Bayer, Leverkusen, solche Isoindolenine bereits im Handel.
The NIST automated computer-time service (1989)

The NIST Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS) is a telephone time service designed to provide computers with telephone access to time generated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology at accuracies approaching 1 ms. Features of the service include automated estimation by the transmitter of the telephone-line delay, advanced alert for changes to and from daylight saving time, and advanced notice of insertion of leap seconds. The ASCII-character time code operates with most standard modems and computer systems. The system can be used to set computer clocks and simple hardware can also be developed to set non-computer clock systems.
Dispositional Optimism and Coping: A Meta-Analytic Review (2006)

The relation between dispositional optimism and better adjustment to diverse stressors may be attributable to optimism's effects on coping strategies. A meta-analytic review (K = 50, N = 11,629) examined the impact of dispositional optimism on coping. Dispositional optimism was found to be positively associated with approach coping strategies aiming to eliminate, reduce, or manage stressors or emotions (r = .17), and negatively associated with avoidance coping strategies seeking to ignore, avoid, or withdraw from stressors or emotions (r = -.21). Effect sizes were larger for the distinction between approach and avoidance coping strategies than for that between problem and emotion-focused coping. Meta-analytic findings also indicate that optimists may adjust their coping strategies to meet the demands of the stressors at hand, and that the optimism-coping relationship is strongest in English-speaking samples.
Interleukin 12 suppresses autoantibody production by reversing helper T-cell phenotype in hepatitis B e antigen transgenic mice. (1995)

Helper T (Th) cells are classified as Th1 or Th2 cells by virtue of cytokine secretion and function as mediators of cellular or humoral immunity, respectively. Cytokines also regulate the differentiation of Th cells. For example, interleukin (IL)-12 promotes Th1 and suppresses Th2 cell development, suggesting that IL-12 may be useful therapeutically in Th2-mediated autoimmune and allergic disorders. Therefore, the effect of systemic IL-12 treatment on in vivo autoantibody synthesis in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-expressing transgenic mice, which is dependent on self-reactive Th2 cells, was examined. Low-dose IL-12 significantly inhibited autoantibody production by shifting the Th2-mediated response toward Th1 predominance. Additionally, previous studies suggest that a predominance of HBeAg-specific Th2-type cells may contribute to chronicity in hepatitis B virus infection. Therefore, IL-12 may also prove beneficial in modulating the HBeAg-specific Th response to favor viral clearance in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Measurements of Copper Phthalocyanine Ultrathin Films by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy (1989)

We have measured very thin films of copper phthalocyanine on graphite by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) in air. Microscopic surface structures, such as islands and grains, were found by STM. Among them, a sticklike island, with its edge parallel to the graphite lattice, suggested the epitaxial growth of the deposited film. Although the individual molecular shapes could not be obtained clearly, tunneling spectra taken simultaneously with STM provided information about the local distribution and orientation of the molecules.
Structural Basis for Protein Antiaggregation Activity of the Trigger Factor Chaperone (2014)

Molecular chaperones prevent aggregation and misfolding of proteins, but scarcity of structural data has impeded an understanding of the recognition and antiaggregation mechanisms. We report the solution structure, dynamics, and energetics of three trigger factor (TF) chaperone molecules in complex with alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) captured in the unfolded state. Our data show that TF uses multiple sites to bind to several regions of the PhoA substrate protein primarily through hydrophobic contacts. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation experiments show that TF interacts with PhoA in a highly dynamic fashion, but as the number and length of the PhoA regions engaged by TF increase, a more stable complex gradually emerges. Multivalent binding keeps the substrate protein in an extended, unfolded conformation. The results show how molecular chaperones recognize unfolded polypeptides and, by acting as unfoldases and holdases, prevent the aggregation and premature (mis)folding of unfolded proteins.
Effective methods of pelvic plexus nerve and bladder stimulation in anesthetized animal model (2008)

Urinary retention is a serious urological problem associated with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and other pelvic disorders. Effective methods of pelvic nerve stimulation were investigated for this problem. Following anesthesia in five dogs, the bladder was surgically exposed. Bladder and anal sphincter pressures were recorded. Testing was first conducted with probe electrodes. Barb electrodes were then implanted with a needle near the pelvic plexus nerves and the bladder wall. We tested different electrode arrangements and stimulating parameters to induce bladder contractions without skeletal muscle stimulation. The pelvic plexus nerves near the bladder were identified, and the barb electrodes were effectively implanted. Stimulation with bipolar and bilateral electrodes induced pressures over 30 cmH(2)O without skeletal muscle activation. Common stimulation parameters were 40 pps, 400 microseconds pulse duration, and 15 to 25 mA stimulating current applied for 3 s. Effective electrode implantation methods were shown. Also identified were electrode arrangements and stimulating parameters that induced strong bladder contractions without skeletal muscle activation. However, voiding studies were not conducted. Further studies with barb electrodes are warranted, and these methods may have applications for bladder stimulation following SCI.
Creation of Biofunctionalized Micropatterns on Poly(methyl methacrylate) by Single-Step Phase Separation Method (2011)

In this study, the polymer thin films containing micropatterns and biological functionalities were created by one-step procedure. The adjustable compositions among poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), solvents, nonsolvent, and additional macromolecules formed the polymer thin films with different diameters ranging from 5 to 37 μm. The influences of topographical and chemical cues were investigated by directly cultivating L-929 fibroblasts on the prepared samples. The results revealed the predominant effect of surface topography that the cell density of L-929 fibroblasts increased proportionally with the average diameter of microconcaves. The cell number raised significantly on the PMMA thin films containing type I collagen and dopamine, with or without microstructures. On the other hand, the addition of bovine serum albumin in PMMA limited the growth of cells. The surface chemical composition and cell responses were evaluated by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), viability assay, and immunostaining, respectively. This work proposed a simple and effective approach to incorporate the biological functions and surface topography simultaneously onto surface of materials that provided further applications for biomedical materials.
Improved constraints on non-Newtonian forces at 10 microns (2008)

Several recent theories suggest that light moduli or particles in ``large'' extra dimensions could mediate macroscopic forces exceeding gravitational strength at length scales below a millimeter. Such new forces can be parameterized as a Yukawa-type correction to the Newtonian potential of strength $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ relative to gravity and range $\ensuremath{\lambda}$. To extend the search for such new physics we have improved our apparatus utilizing cryogenic micro-cantilevers capable of measuring attonewton forces, which now includes a switchable magnetic force for calibration. Our most recent experimental constraints on Yukawa-type deviations from Newtonian gravity are more than 3 times as stringent as our previously published results and represent the best bound in the range of $5--15\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$, with a 95% confidence exclusion of forces with $|\ensuremath{\alpha}|>14,000$ at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=10\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$.
Emotion recognition from facial image analysis using composite similarity measure aided bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (2016)

The aim of this work is to automatically detect and analyse the emotions from the digital videos and images. Initially the images are extracted from pre-recorded videos, from which the faces are cropped automatically. The training dataset is formed with minimal number of images per subject for each emotion. Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (BEMD) is used to decompose the images in its Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF). Composite Similarity Measure (CSM) based classification has been employed to detect the correct emotion from the images. "ENTERFACE'05 Audio-Visual Emotion Database", "JAFFE Database" and a database developed in laboratory called "DCAB database" are used to test the performance of the proposed method. The advantage of this method is to be able to classify or rank the emotions found in an image or a video even when the image or video is subjected to feature occlusion such as the subject putting on spectacles or sunglasses. Moreover, it is robust to illumination, different view point and background colour of the image or video. The performance is also invariant to the dress, hair style, facial hair or moustache of the subject. This method is also able to overcome the problem related to ageing to some extent.