gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ezrin, Maspin, Peroxiredoxin 2, and Heat Shock Protein 27: Potential Targets of a Streptococcal-Induced Autoimmune Response in Psoriasis (2010)

Psoriasis is an HLA-Cw6-associated T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the skin that is often triggered by streptococcal angina. To identify keratinocyte proteins, which may become psoriatic autoantigens as the result of an immune response against streptococci, rabbits were immunized with heat-killed Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcal immunization induced Ab formation against various human keratinocyte proteins. Sera from psoriasis patients reacted against several of these proteins as well. Common serologic reactivities of rabbits and patients included the proteins ezrin, maspin, peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), heat shock protein (hsp)27, and keratin 6. When used for stimulation of blood lymphocytes, ezrin, maspin, PRDX2, and hsp27 induced increased T cell activation in psoriasis patients, which was particularly evident for HLA-Cw6(+) individuals. Ag-specific T cell lines generated with these proteins consisted predominantly of CD8(+) T cells and used TCR beta-chain rearrangements, which were highly homologous to those expanded within the corresponding skin lesion. Several immunodominant epitopes on the different proteins could be defined according to sequence alignments with the whole genome of S. pyogenes. Our data indicate that maspin, ezrin, PRDX2, hsp27, and potentially keratin 6 could act as autoantigens of a streptococcal-induced autoimmune response and represent targets of the exaggerated T cell response in psoriasis. Additionally, ezrin and hsp27 might constitute antigenic links between psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis, or arteriosclerosis, which are clinically associated.
Thermal Properties of Rare‐Earth Monosilicates for <scp>EBC</scp> on Si‐Based Ceramic Composites (2015)

Rare‐earth ( RE ) monosilicates are promising candidates as environmental barrier coating ( EBC ) materials for ceramic matrix composites for aerospace applications. Five rare‐earth monosilicate materials have been investigated: Y 2 SiO 5 , Gd 2 SiO 5 , Er 2 SiO 5 , Yb 2 SiO 5 , and Lu 2 SiO 5 produced from RE oxides and silica starting materials pressed and sintered at 1580°C under flowing air. Relative densities above 94% were obtained for all samples and ceramics were made containing 85–100 wt% of the RE monosilicate according to X‐ray diffraction ( XRD ) with RE disilicates as the second phase in the Gd, Yb, and Lu silicate systems. Microstructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and XRD , and thermal properties measured including specific heat, thermal expansion, and thermal diffusivity. For the first time, specific heat capacity values are reported for the monosilicates [0.45–0.69 J·(g·K) −1 ]. Thermal expansion coefficients ( TEC s) of the dense samples ranged between 5.9 and 10.3 × 10 −6 K −1 measured for 473 to 1473 K. All EBC s have low thermal conductivities [1.8 W·(m·K) −1 or less] making them excellent EBC insulators.
HORMONAL REGULATION OF CELL DIVISION IN EPITHELIAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES OF THE MOUSE UTERUS (1968)

SUMMARY Progesterone treatment significantly altered the response of the mouse uterus to oestradiol-17β. Oestradiol given alone produced many mitoses in the luminal and glandular epithelia but not in the connective tissue stroma. After treatment with progesterone this pattern was reversed and oestradiol produced many mitoses in the stroma but few in the epithelia. Production of stromal cell division was influenced by the dose of progesterone and by the period of treatment; a single day of treatment greatly reduced the numbers of epithelial mitoses produced by oestradiol but did not greatly increase stromal mitosis. At least 3 days' treatment was necessary for a maximal stromal response. Doses of oestradiol sufficient to inhibit implantation and deciduomata production did not reverse the stromal response but did overcome, in part, the progestational suppression of epithelial mitosis, producing large numbers of mitoses in the luminal but not in the glandular epithelium.
A Comparative Study between Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH) Technologies and Plants in Saudi Arabia (2018)

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is a promising catalytic technology utilized for the conversion of propane into propylene which is involved in many petrochemical applications. A comparison between current PDH plants and technologies (CATOFIN and OLEFLEX) in Saudi Arabia was discussed to analyze propylene production capacity, reactor type/configuration, reaction catalyst, operating conditions, performance, advantages, disadvantages and other design specifications/considerations of PDH technologies. CATOFIN and OLEFLEX chemical processes have been critically reviewed and explained for better understanding. CATOFIN uses chromium-oxide catalysts in horizontal fixed-bed parallel reactors, while OLEFLEX uses platinum catalysts in vertical moving-bed series reactors. There are four PDH plants in Saudi Arabia: NATPET and Al-Waha (CATOFIN plants), APC and SPC (OLEFLEX plants); with a propylene production capacity of 420, 450, 455 and 455 KTA, respectively. Both technologies have a similar operating temperature of > 600 °C, operating pressure of ~ 1 bar; and propylene selectivity of ~ 90%. Propane/propylene conversions in CATOFIN and OLEFLEX are ~ 50% and ~ 40%, respectively.
The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and the PI3K/AKT signalling pathways: role in cancer pathogenesis and implications for therapeutic approaches (2012)

The observation that the MAPK and the PI3K pathways are often deregulated in human cancer makes the components of these signalling cascades interesting targets for therapeutic intervention. Recently, the presence of compensatory loops that activate one pathway following the blockade of the other signalling cascade has been demonstrated. Therefore, the blockade of both pathways with combinations of signalling inhibitors might result in a more efficient anti-tumor effect as compared with a single agent. In addition, the MAPK and PI3K pathways are activated by mutations that coexist or can be mutually exclusive. In this regard, a large-scale characterization of the cancer genome might offer personalized cancer genomic information, which may improve the anti-tumor efficacy of signalling inhibitors.
Safety of Using Copper Oxide in Medical Devices and Consumer Products (2012)

Copper has two key properties that make it an active ingredient in the medical devices currently being developed. First, copper is an essential trace element needed by humans, which plays a key role in many physiological processes in different tissues. For example, copper has been shown to be involved in angiogenesis and in wound healing. Second, copper has very potent antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and acaricidal properties. Recently, a novel technology has been developed that introduces copper oxide particles into polymeric materials, where they serve as a slow release source of copper ions. For example, by using this technology, copper oxide containing wound dressings that enhance wound healing; copper oxide containing antiviral respiratory masks that reduce the risk of infection; socks that protect from athlete’s foot, and acaricidal bedding products that kill dust mites, have been developed. While copper oxide is used as the source of copper in mineral and vitamin supplements and is considered safe, its use in medical devices, as well as in industrial and consumer products, is novel. The current manuscript reviews the safety aspects of the use of copper oxide in products that come in contact with open and closed skin. Copper oxide products have been tested in 9 clinical trials and in several non-clinical studies and have been found to be non-irritating, non-sensitizing, and safe to use, with not even one adverse reaction recorded, both when in contact with intact and broken skin. This is in accordance with the extremely low risk of adverse reactions attributed to dermal exposure to copper. Keywords: Biocide, clinical trials, copper oxide, medical devices, safety, skin
Defect-reduced green GaInN/GaN light-emitting diode on nanopatterned sapphire (2011)

Green GaInN/GaN quantum well light-emitting diode (LED) wafers were grown on nanopatterned c-plane sapphire substrate by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. Without roughening the chip surface, such LEDs show triple the light output over structures on planar sapphire. By quantitative analysis the enhancement was attributed to both, enhanced generation efficiency and extraction. The spectral interference and emission patterns reveal a 58% enhanced light extraction while photoluminescence reveals a doubling of the internal quantum efficiency. The latter was attributed to a 44% lower threading dislocation density as observed in transmission electron microscopy. The partial light output power measured from the sapphire side of the unencapsulated nanopatterned substrate LED die reaches 5.2 mW at 525 nm at 100 mA compared to 1.8 mW in the reference LED.
Successful Islet Transplantation for Patients with Diabetes — Fact or Fantasy? (2000)

Medical history is replete with sagas of scientists who doggedly pursue dreams of better ways to treat disease. In these tales, somewhere on the road between the first success and the maturation of an important new therapy, enthusiasts' smiles broaden and skeptics' frowns deepen. It is then that the question is asked: Is this the dawn of a new treatment era, or are we still dreaming?Separating fact from fantasy is central to answering this question. In the case of pancreatic islet transplantation as a treatment for diabetes mellitus, the facts are clear. This procedure first gained attention in the . . .
Functional MRI activity characterization using response time shift estimates from curve evolution (2002)

Characterizing the response of the brain to a stimulus based on functional magnetic resonance imaging data is a major challenge due to the fact that the response time delay of the brain may be different from one stimulus phase to the next and from pixel to pixel. To enhance detectability, this work introduces the use of a curve evolution approach that provides separate estimates of the response time shifts at each phase of the stimulus on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The approach relies on a parsimonious but simple model that is nonlinear in the time shifts of the response relative to the stimulus and linear in the gains. To effectively use the response time shift estimates in a subspace detection framework, we implement a robust hypothesis test based on a Laplacian noise model. The algorithm provides a pixel-by-pixel functional characterization of the brain's response. The results based on experimental data show that response time shift estimates, when properly implemented, enhance detectability without sacrificing robustness.
Prevention of transcoronary macromolecular leakage after ischemia-reperfusion by the calcium entry blocker nisoldipine. Direct observations in isolated rat hearts. (1986)

Coronary microvascular damage appears to play a role in reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia. This study was designed to afford direct viewing of the effects of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion on the coronary microcirculation and to determine whether pretreatment with the calcium blocker nisoldipine would attenuate any microvascular damage during reperfusion. Four groups of isolated rat hearts were perfused with a solution that contained red cells and fluorescent albumin, but was essentially free of platelets and leukocytes. Group I served as a nonischemic control. Group II hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of no-flow ischemia followed by reperfusion. Group III hearts were pretreated with nisoldipine (1 microgram/min) for 5 minutes before ischemia, and group IV hearts were treated with nitroglycerin (93 micrograms/min) before and after ischemia to mimic the vasodilation caused by nisoldipine. Perfused coronary capillarity and transcoronary extravasation of plasma albumin were measured by direct visualization techniques before and after ischemia. For group I, there was no significant change in coronary resistance, perfused capillarity, or transcoronary extravasation with time. For both groups II and IV, ischemia-reperfusion caused no increase in coronary resistance, but a significant decrease in perfused capillarity and a marked increase in transcoronary extravasation of fluorescent albumin (P less than 0.05). The nisoldipine group (group III) demonstrated a similar decrease in perfused capillarity but no increase in protein extravasation during reperfusion. These results indicate that, in the heart, platelets and/or leukocytes are not absolutely necessary to induce either the no-reflow phenomenon or the permeability damage observed during reperfusion after ischemia. The protective effect of treatment with nisoldipine appeared to be independent of vasodilation. We speculate that this calcium blocker reduced endothelial uptake of calcium during reperfusion, preventing endothelial deformation and formation of interendothelial gaps.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analogue mitigates kidney injury in a rat model of radiation nephropathy (2016)

Arachidonic acid is metabolized to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by CYP epoxygenases, and EETs are kidney protective in multiple pathologies. We determined the ability of an EET analogue, EET-A, to mitigate experimental radiation nephropathy. The kidney expression of the EET producing enzyme CYP2C11 was lower in rats that received total body irradiation (TBI rat) compared with non-irradiated control. At 12 weeks after TBI, the rats had higher systolic blood pressure and impaired renal afferent arteriolar function compared with control, and EET-A or captopril mitigated these abnormalities. The TBI rats had 3-fold higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) compared with control, and EET-A or captopril decreased BUN by 40–60%. The urine albumin/creatinine ratio was increased 94-fold in TBI rats, and EET-A or captopril attenuated that increase by 60–90%. In TBI rats, nephrinuria was elevated 30-fold and EET-A or captopril decreased it by 50–90%. Renal interstitial fibrosis, tubular and glomerular injury were present in the TBI rats, and each was decreased by EET-A or captopril. We further demonstrated elevated renal parenchymal apoptosis in TBI rats, which was mitigated by EET-A or captopril. Additional studies revealed that captopril or EET-A mitigated renal apoptosis by acting on the p53/Fas/FasL (Fas ligand) apoptotic pathway. The present study demonstrates a novel EET analogue-based strategy for mitigation of experimental radiation nephropathy by improving renal afferent arteriolar function and by decreasing renal apoptosis.
Visual Presentation Challenges for Mobile Spatial Applications: Three Case Studies (2008)

Using mobile devices for exploring and interacting with the user's physical environment is among the most promising candidates for commercially successful future telecommunication services and applications. This trend is confirmed by the rollout of latest mobile phones equipped with advanced navigation features like built-in GPS receivers, digital compasses and acceleration sensors. The increasing technological potential of Mobile Spatial Interaction (MSI), however, requires a wider comprehension of appropriate visualization possibilities for spatially referenced content in the field of Mobile Human-Computer Interaction.In this paper, we argue for an integrated approach comprising innovations in MSI with latest advances in visualization. In order to demonstrate the potential of this joint approach, we present a series of three related projects and highlight in each case research challenges and results in the field of Mobile HCI and mobile appli-cation development as well as corresponding advances of the underlying server-side rendering algorithms.
Thermoplastic polyesters and Co-polyesters derived from vegetable oil: synthesis and optimization of melt polycondensation for medium and long chain poly(ω-hydroxyfatty acid)s and their ester derivatives (2013)

The synthesis of a series of ω-hydroxyfatty acid (ω-OHFA) monomers and their methyl ester derivatives (Me-ω-OHFA) from mono-unsaturated fatty acids and alcohols via ozonolysis-reduction/cross-metathesis reactions is described. Melt polycondensation of the monomers yielded thermoplastic poly(ω-hydroxyfatty acid)s [–(CH2)n–COO–]x with medium (n = 8 and 12) and long (n = 17) repeating monomer units. The ω-OHFAs and Me-ω-OHFAs were all obtained in good yield (≥80%) and purity (≥97%) as established by 1H NMR, Fourier Transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The average molecular size (Mn) and distribution (PDI) of the poly(ω-hydroxyfatty acid)s (P(ω-OHFA)s) and poly(ω-hydroxyfatty ester)s (P(Me-ω-OHFA)s) as determined by GPC varied with organo-metallic Ti(IV) isopropoxide [Ti(OiPr)4] polycondensation catalyst amount, reaction time and temperature. An optimization of the polymerization process provided P(ω-OHFA)s and P(Me-ω-OHFA)s with Mn and PDI values desirable for high end applications. Co-polymerization of the long chain (n = 12) and medium chain (n = 8) Me-ω-OHFAs by melt polycondensation yielded poly(ω-hydroxy tridecanoate/ω-hydroxy nonanoate) random co-polyesters (Mn = 11 000–18 500 g mol−1) with varying molar compositions.
2'-Deoxycytidine kinase deficiency is a major determinant of 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine resistance in lymphoid cell lines (1995)

2-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine, (CldAdo) resistance was developed in the W1L2 human B lymphoblastoid (resistance factor, 160) and L1210 murine leukemia (resistance factor, 605) cell lines by continuous exposure to CldAdo. Cross-resistance studies showed that while the variant lines generally retained sensitivities to 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (in the presence of 2'-deoxycoformycin), hydroxyurea, and Adriamycin, both were highly cross-resistant to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), 2', 2'-difluorodeoxycytidine, and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine. Measurement of both phosphorylating and degrading enzyme activities demonstrated that initial phosphorylation of CldAdo and 2'-deoxycytidine were severely impaired in cell extracts from the resistant lines, whereas adenosine kinase activity remained unaffected and there was no apparent increase in cytoplasmic deoxynucleotidase activity using dCMP as substrate. Since previous reports indicated that either overexpression of Bcl-2 protein following bcl-2 transfection into cells resulted in, or high dCTP pools contributed to, ara-C resistance in experimental cell models, both of these parameters were assessed and found not to contribute to CldAdo resistance in the murine leukemia and human B lymphoblastoid cells. These studies show that a deficiency of 2'-deoxycytidine kinase activity is a major determinant of CldAdo acquired resistance in both the murine and human lymphoid lines.
Estimates of the prevalence of selected arthritic and musculoskeletal diseases in the United States. (1989)

The National Arthritis Data Workgroup focused its studies primarily on joint disease with the addition of osteoporosis which is a frequently occurring musculoskeletal condition and public health problem. We used national data sets as well as published studies to estimate prevalence in the United States. We report on prevalence rather than incidence because of the difficulty in defining the point of onset and because primary national data sources currently available are concerned with disease prevalence.
Effect of Selenium in Preventing Exudative Diathesis in Chicks (1957)

Summary(1) Chicks fed a diet containing torula yeast developed exudative diathesis which could be prevented by either vit. E or a non-fat soluble substance in casein and in a number of pork tissues. (2) This factor could be made water soluble by acid hydrolysis. It was adsorbed on both anion and cation exchange resins and thus behaved as an ampholyte. (3) An alkaline ash but not an acid ash of pork kidney was effective in preventing exudative diathesis. (4) Selenium as selenite prevented exudative diathesis at 0.3 ppm. Tellurium as tellurite was ineffective at 3 ppm. Anionic arsenic at 10 ppm was inactive.
Zirconocenium cation catalysis of propene polymerization (1993)

Abstract rac ‐Ethylenebis(1‐η 5 ‐indenyl)dimethylzirconium (1) was reacted with triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (2) to produce in situ the rac ‐ethylenebis(indenyl)methylzirconium cation (3). This aluminium‐free catalyst showed propene polymerization activity ( A ) and stereoselectivity which both increase with the decrease of polymerization temperature ( T p ). At very low T p , 3 behaved as a “single‐site” catalyst. An efficient way to produce such cation is to react ansa ‐zirconocene dichloride with 2 in the presence of TEA (=triethylaluminium). A superior cationic catalyst was obtained from rac ‐dimethylsilylenebis(1‐η 5 ‐indenyl)dichlorozirconium, 2, and TEA, which polymerizes propene at −20°C(−55°C) with activity of 2×10 9 (3×10 8 ) g polypropene per (mol Zr η mol C 3 H 6 η h) to polypropenes which are 93.8% (99.4%) isotactic with melting temperature T m = 152.6°C (159.9°C) and viscosity‐average molecular weight M v = 1.4×10 5 (2.2×10 5 ). The addition of methylaluminoxane lowers the A of the cationic catalyst especially at low T p . Rigorously speaking, the cation derived from 1 or 3 behaves as a “single site” catalyst only at very low T p . The use of TEA significantly and unexpectedly enhances the efficiency of the zirconocenium catalyst system.
Comparing Automatic Evaluation Measures for Image Description (2014)

Image description is a new natural language generation task, where the aim is to generate a human-like description of an image. The evaluation of computer-generated text is a notoriously difficult problem, however, the quality of image descriptions has typically been measured using unigram BLEU and human judgements. The focus of this paper is to determine the correlation of automatic measures with human judgements for this task. We estimate the correlation of unigram and Smoothed BLEU, TER, ROUGE-SU4, and Meteor against human judgements on two data sets. The main finding is that unigram BLEU has a weak correlation, and Meteor has the strongest correlation with human judgements.
Development of a Biochemical Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease by Detection of α-Synuclein Misfolded Aggregates in Cerebrospinal Fluid (2016)

The findings suggest that detection of αSyn oligomers by αSyn-PMCA in the CSF of patients affected by PD may offer a good opportunity for a sensitive and specific biochemical diagnosis of the disease. Further studies are needed to investigate the usefulness of αSyn-PMCA to monitor disease progression and for preclinical identification of patients who may develop PD.