gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DocChat: An Information Retrieval Approach for Chatbot Engines Using Unstructured Documents (2016)

Most current chatbot engines are designed to reply to user utterances based on existing utterance-response (or Q-R) 1 pairs. In this paper, we present DocChat, a novel information retrieval approach for chatbot engines that can leverage unstructured documents, instead of Q-R pairs, to respond to utterances. A learning to rank model with features designed at different levels of granularity is proposed to measure the relevance between utterances and responses directly. We evaluate our proposed approach in both English and Chinese: (i) For English, we evaluate Doc-Chat on WikiQA and QASent, two answer sentence selection tasks, and compare it with state-of-the-art methods. Reasonable improvements and good adaptability are observed. (ii) For Chinese, we compare DocChat with XiaoIce 2 , a famous chitchat engine in China, and side-by-side evaluation shows that DocChat is a perfect complement for chatbot engines using Q-R pairs as main source of responses.
sıGIR BOTUL!SMUS'UNDA HEMATOLOJ1K ARASTlRMA VE SIGIRDA DEHYDRAT!ON VE.ÇEVRE lSISININ KA'N tJZER!NE ETK!LER! (1959)

Yirmi seneden fazla bir zamandan beri Trakyada sığırlar ara­ sında sebebi bilinmiyen bir hastalık seyretmekte ve bilhaşsa yaz ayla­ rında önemli hayvan kaybma sebep olmaktaydı. Çeşitli zamanlarda çeşitli araştırıcılar hastalığı tetkik etmişler ve birbirine uymıyan fikir­ ler ileri sürmüşlerdi. Nihayet Ziraat Vekâletince Veteriner Hekimliğin muhtelif ilirft şu­ belerine mensup beş kişilik bir komisyon teşkil edilerek memleket eko­ nomisine zarar veren bu hastalığm hakiki sebebinin bulunması sağ­ landı. Bu yazının yazan, komisyona dahil olup hematolojik muayene­ lerin ve idrar analizlerinin yapılması ile görevli bulunuyordu.
The molecular analysis of the shade avoidance syndrome in the grasses has begun (2007)

The shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is a morphological and physiological response initiated by a decrease in light quantity and a change in light quality. Recent work in Arabidopsis thaliana has begun to define the molecular components of the SAS in a model dicot species, but little is known of these networks in agronomically important grasses. The focus of this review is to present a current view of the SAS in the grasses based largely on the characterization of mutants in the phytochrome signal transduction pathway and on the effects of far-red light treatments on plant growth. In cereal grasses, intense selection by plant breeders has acted to attenuate some but not all shade avoidance responses within modern crop varieties. Traditionally, breeding efforts have been focused on optimizing grain yield. However, with the recent interest in lignocellulosic-based biofuels, a new breeding paradigm may emerge to optimize biomass at the expense of grain yield. Some of the opportunities and challenges for engineering plant architecture to maximize resource use efficiency and yield by targeting the SAS in grasses are discussed.
Method of correcting 3‐D DMO for the effects of wave propagation in an inhomogeneous Earth (1992)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1992Method of correcting 3‐D DMO for the effects of wave propagation in an inhomogeneous EarthAuthors: Alfonso GonzalezFranklyn K. LevinConsultantRonald E. ChambersEverett MobleyAlfonso GonzalezWestern Geophysical (WG), Franklyn K. Levin, Ronald E. ChambersWG, and Everett MobleyWGhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822269 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822269FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1992ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1992 Pages: 1410 publication data© 1992 Copyright © 1992 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Alfonso Gonzalez, Franklyn K. Levin, Ronald E. Chambers, and Everett Mobley, (1992), "Method of correcting 3‐D DMO for the effects of wave propagation in an inhomogeneous Earth," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 966-969. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822269 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tau protein immunoreactivity in dementia of the Alzheimer type. I. Morphology, evolution, distribution, and pathogenetic implications. (1989)

The author has used two monoclonal antibodies against tau, Tau-1 and Tau-2, to study at the light microscopic level the morphology, evolution, and distribution of tau immunoreactivity in 21 cases with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) with clinical histories of dementia ranging from 6 months to 10-15 years. They included four cases with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 14 cases with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), and three demented patients with Down's Syndrome (DS). The morphology and distribution of tau immunoreactivity was similar in all three forms of DAT, but the rapidity of evolution, as judged by the duration of dementia and the amount of immunoreactivity, was most severe in DS with dementia and least severe in SDAT. Excessive tau immunoreactivity, as compared with controls which were negative, was present in both astrocytes and vulnerable neurons. Tau-2-positive astrocytes were present throughout the brain and even in regions with no neuronal vulnerability. In evolving cases, several regions that in full-blown cases showed neuronal involvement contained only labeled astrocytes. The neurofibrillary tangles in neuronal involvement contained only labeled astrocytes. The neurofibrillary tangles in neuronal perikarya, the neurites in senile plaques, and an abundance of abnormal neurites found diffusely in the neuropil were intensely stained. In addition, stained granules (ribosomes) were present in both astrocytes and vulnerable neurons. The senile plaques frequently developed around and, on serial sectioning, were almost constantly associated with blood vessels. The amyloid core in senile plaques and the congophilic vessels were unstained. In cases with the shortest duration of dementia, tau immunoreactivity in neurons was found only in the amygdala, the subiculum, the Sommer's sector, the nucleus raphe dorsalis, locus ceruleus, and nucleus basalis of Meynert. In evolving cases, the depths of sulci were more severely affected than the crests of gyri, and the temporoparietal association cortex was more severely involved than the frontal cortex, but, in advanced cases, the depths of sulci, the crests of gyri, and the entire association cortex were equally affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
LIFE SAVER BUT SIGHT TAKER: STEROID INDUCED CSCR IN COVID 19 INFECTION. (2022)

Introduction:COVID-19 pandemic has multiple ocular manifestations. We report 2 cases of central serous chorioretinopathy, following COVID19 infection. Case Presentation: We diagnosed two middle aged patients with central serous chorioretinopathy one week post COVID-19 infection. Both patients were admitted in COVID-19 ward. Case 1 was a male diabetic and required ventilator assisted respiration. Case 2 was a female patient with no systemic diseases. Both patients were given intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone for 2 weeks followed by oral prednisolone. Case 1developed CSCR in right eye while the other patient developed CSCR in both eyes. Conclusion: The possibility of developing CSCR should be kept in mind by the treating physician in Covid 19 patients treated with steroids. Early involvement of ophthalmologist can lead to timely and effective management of same
Sulforaphane destabilizes the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells by inactivating histone deacetylase 6 (2009)

High consumption of cruciferous vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer in epidemiological studies. There is preliminary evidence that sulforaphane, derived from glucoraphanin found in a number of crucifers, may prevent and induce regression of prostate cancer and other malignancies in preclinical models, but the mechanisms that may explain these effects are not fully defined. Recent reports show that sulforaphane may impair prostate cancer growth through inhibition of histone deacetylases, which are up-regulated in cancer. Indeed, one of these enzymes, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), influences the acetylation state of a key androgen receptor (AR) chaperone, HSP90. AR is the central signaling pathway in prostate cancer, and its inhibition is used for both prevention and treatment of this disease. However, it is not known whether the effects of sulforaphane involve suppression of AR. We hypothesized that sulforaphane treatment would lead to hyperacetylation of HSP90 and that this would destabilize AR and attenuate AR signaling. We confirmed this by demonstrating that sulforaphane enhances HSP90 acetylation, thereby inhibiting its association with AR. Moreover, AR is subsequently degraded in the proteasome, which leads to reduced AR target gene expression and reduced AR occupancy at its target genes. Finally, sulforaphane inhibits HDAC6 deacetylase activity, and the effects of sulforaphane on AR protein are abrogated by overexpression of HDAC6 and mimicked by HDAC6 siRNA. The inactivation by sulforaphane of HDAC6-mediated HSP90 deacetylation and consequent attenuation of AR signaling represents a newly defined mechanism that may help explain this agent's effects in prostate cancer.
Limits of quantum speedup in photosynthetic light harvesting (2010)

It has been suggested that excitation transport in photosynthetic light harvesting complexes features speedups analogous to those found in quantum algorithms. Here we compare the dynamics in these light harvesting systems to the dynamics of quantum walks, in order to elucidate the limits of such quantum speedups. For the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex of green sulfur bacteria, we show that while there is indeed speedup at short times, this is short lived (70 fs) despite longer lived (ps) quantum coherence. Remarkably, this time scale is independent of the details of the decoherence model. More generally, we show that the distinguishing features of light-harvesting complexes not only limit the extent of quantum speedup but also reduce rates of diffusive transport. These results suggest that quantum coherent effects in biological systems are optimized for efficiency or robustness rather than the more elusive goal of quantum speedup.
Problem solving chatbot for data structures (2018)

Intelligent chatbot, is a system which can interact with humans and answers questions on a certain domain. Today, the challenge is to build a system which will resemble human brain. Generally, the brain stores the memory in a decentralized manner across the brain with the help of neuron as opposed to a centralized manner in computer file system. There are short term and long-term memory storage with different priority based on variety of situation. The system can take inputs in written or voice format and respond the question from a knowledge base. In most cases a chat bot does not have problem solving capabilities. Our system can solve data structure problems using deep neural network (DNN). With a given dataset the system can provide services to access data in format such as arrays, stacks, queues and trees. Based on these data structures we can solve problems like traversing lists, reversing numbers and translating language of syntactic divergences. The learning service is not an algorithmic program rather a trained model using DNN. With the implementation of problem solving chatbot, it will understand how to organize and retrieve data based on user's data structure choice. We used Neural Stack Machine (NSM) with Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) as the controller.
Production of biohybrid protein/PEO scaffolds by electrospinning (2009)

Abstract Electrospun polymeric micro‐ and nanofibers offer the opportunity to reproduce the filamentous structure of the extracellular matrix in native tissues. The ability to electrospin extracellular matrix proteins offers the additional benefit of being able to create a chemical and structural microenvironment for cells in order to influence their behavior during scaffold seeding and tissue formation. This offers significant advantages over unspecific protein adsorption or functionalisation with adhesion promoting peptide sequences. However, producing electrospun fibers from pure protein solutions remains difficult and costly. A more accessible approach is to introduce proteins into electrospun fibers by blending synthetic polymer solutions with selected extracellular matrix proteins. The correct choice of polymer also makes the usage of toxic and denaturing solvents unnecessary. In this study we have investigated the production process for and the suitability of protein/PEO fibers, specifically collagen I/PEO, as cell culture substrates.
Sulfonate Version of OHPAS Linker Has Two Distinct Pathways of Breakdown: Elimination Route Allows Para-Hydroxy-Protected Benzylsulfonate (PHP-BS) to Serve as an Alternative Self-Immolative Group (2020)

Recently we have reported that the ortho-hydroxy-protected aryl sulfate (OHPAS) system can be exploited as a new self-immolative group (SIG) for phenolic payloads. We extended the system to nonphenolic payloads by simply introducing a para-hydroxy benzyl (PHB) spacer. As an additional variation of the system, we explored a benzylsulfonate version of the OHPAS system and found that it has two distinct breakdown pathways, cyclization and 1,4-elimination, the latter of which implies that para-hydroxy-protected (PHP) benzylsulfonate (BS) can also be used as an alternative SIG. The PHP-BS system was found to be stable chemically and in mouse and human plasma, having payload release rates comparable to those of the original OHPAS conjugates.
Monolithic Silica Columns for HPLC, Micro-HPLC, and CEC (2000)

Two types of monolithic silica columns derivatized to form an ODS phase, one prepared in a fused silica capillary (SR-FS) and the other prepared in a mold and clad with an engineering plastic (poly-ether-ether-ketone) (SR-PEEK), were evaluated. The column efficiency and pressure drop were compared with those of a column packed with 5-μm ODS-silica particles and of an ODS-silica monolith prepared in a mold and wrapped with PTFE tubing (SR-PTFE). SR-FS gave a lower pressure drop than a column packed with 5-μm particles by a factor of 20, and a plate height of 20 μm at a linear velocity below 1 mm/s. SR-PEEK showed higher flow-resistance than the other monolithic silica columns, but they still showed a minimum plate height of 8–10 μm and a lower pressure drop than popular commercial columns packed with 5-μm particles. The evaluation of SR-FS columns in a CEC mode showed much higher efficiency than in a pressure-driven mode.
Upgrading relational legacy data to the semantic web (2006)

In this poster, we describe a framework composed of the R2O mapping language and the ODEMapster processor to upgrade relational legacy data to the Semantic Web. The framework is based on the declarative description of mappings between relational and ontology elements and the exploitation of such mapping descriptions by a generic processor capable of performing both massive and query driven data upgrade.
Zeno: Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent with Suspicion-based\n Fault-tolerance (2018)

We present Zeno, a technique to make distributed machine learning,\nparticularly Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), tolerant to an arbitrary number\nof faulty workers. Zeno generalizes previous results that assumed a majority of\nnon-faulty nodes; we need assume only one non-faulty worker. Our key idea is to\nsuspect workers that are potentially defective. Since this is likely to lead to\nfalse positives, we use a ranking-based preference mechanism. We prove the\nconvergence of SGD for non-convex problems under these scenarios. Experimental\nresults show that Zeno outperforms existing approaches.\n
Theory of Inelastic Scattering of Slow Electrons by Long-Wavelength Surface Optical Phonons (1972)

The purpose of this paper is to present a quantum-mechanical theory of the inelastic scattering of slow electrons by long-wavelength surface optical phonons for simple models of an ionic crystal and for a nonionic crystal such as silicon. It is argued that a quantum-mechanical approach is necessary for this problem. However, the expression we obtain for the one-phonon cross section is found to be identical to the one that follows from the earlier classical theory of Lucas and co-workers, provided one replaces their parameter ${P}_{0}$ by the quantum-mechanical reflection coefficient for specular reflection. The angular distribution of the scattered electrons and the energy dependence of the one-phonon cross section are discussed for the case of ZnO and silicon, where the surface optical modes have a very different character. For the surface mode in silicon, we define a dipole-moment effective charge, which is nonzero by virtue of the absence of inversion symmetry in the surface region. A quantitative estimate of the magnitude of this parameter is extracted from the data of Ibach.
Highly Accurate Tennis Ball Throwing Machine With Intelligent Control (2015)

The paper presents an advanced control system for tennis ball throwing machines to improve their accuracy according to the ball impact points. A further advantage of the system is the much easier calibration process involving the intelligent solution of the automatic adjustment of the stroking parameters according to the ball elasticity, the self-calibration, the use of the safety margin at very flat strokes and the possibility to placing the machine to any position of the half court. The system applies mathematical methods to determine the exact ball trajectories and special approximating processes to access all points on the aimed half court.
Prospects and limits in wafer-level-packaging of image sensors (2011)

The ongoing efforts of increasing the resolution of image sensors for consumer products and the simultaneous demand for small camera systems led to a miniaturization in pixel sizes down to 1.4 μm. This technological progress enables the fabrication of high pixel count imagers with comparably small dimensions (e.g. 9 MPix with 4.88 mm × 3.66 mm / 3 MPix with 2.86 mm × 2.15 mm). Further on, besides the impact of the pixel size on the lateral dimensions of the imager, manufacturing and packaging issues of the optical components and their integration with the imager influence the miniaturization. There are two effects which determine the lower limit of reasonable pixel miniaturization. Firstly, the increasing single-to-noise characteristics of the pixel leading to noisy images especially perturbing under low light conditions. Secondly, the diffraction limits which determines the smallest possible spot size when using a “perfect” lens without any spot blurring aberrations. As the latter depends from the f-number of the system, pixel miniaturization demands high speed lenses (low f-numbers) which additionally complicates the optical design and challenges their fabrication. The enabling key technology for wafer level packaging of camera systems based on top-side illuminated imagers are Through Silicon Vias (TSV) because they allow a redistribution on the backside of the wafer wherefore the active side remains unaffected and can be completely used for the optic assembly. Due to comparably relaxed pitches of the contact pads of mostly more than 100 μm in most imaging applications, tapered vias with a polymer passivation are the straight forward approach and an economic reasonable TSV technology. Spray coating of polymers allows the use of low cure temperature materials also with severe topographies while spin coating can be a low cost alternative for applications where low silicon thicknesses of 40 μm and below are allowed. Wafer bonding is the bridging technology which finally has to integrate the optics and the sensor part. Wafer stacks of up to a few millimeters have to be handled which can exhibit topographies on their backside while maintaining an accurate alignment of better than 5 μm. The fabrication of camera packages using only wafer level technologies gets more complex and expensive the bigger the vertical dimension and/or the aspect ratio or shape of its comprising features becomes. The demands for a system integration on wafer level scales therefore with increasing pixel number and I/O - density. This paper outlines the prospects and limits of state of the art wafer-level-packaging technology for image sensor packaging with respect to the optical design. A process chain is presented for a micro camera device which was completely fabricated on wafer level having a die size of about 1 mm × 1 mm.
A third quaternary structure of human hemoglobin A at 1.7-A resolution. (1992)

Previous crystallographic studies have shown that human hemoglobin A can adopt two stable quaternary structures, one for deoxyhemoglobin (the T-state) and one for liganded hemoglobin (the R-state). In this paper we report our finding of a second quaternary structure (the R2-state) for liganded hemoglobin A. The magnitudes of the spatial differences between the R- and R2-states are as large as those between the R- and T-states. Of particular interest are the structural changes that occur as a result of R-T and R-R2 transitions at the so-called "switch" region of the critical alpha 1 beta 2 interface. In the R-state, His-97 beta 2 is positioned between Thr-38 alpha 1 and Thr-41 alpha 1, whereas in transition to the T-state His 97 beta 2 must "jump" a turn in the alpha 1 C helix to form nonpolar contacts with Thr-41 alpha 1 and Pro-44 alpha 1. This facet of the R-T transition presents a major steric barrier to the quaternary structure change. In the R2-state, His-97 beta 2 simply rotates away from threonines 38 alpha 1 and 41 alpha 1, breaking contact with these residues and allowing water access to the center of the alpha 1 beta 2 interface. With the switch region in an open position in the R2-state, His-97 beta 2 should be able to move by Thr-41 alpha 1 and make the transition to the T-state with a steric barrier that is less than that for the R-T transition. Thus the R2-state may function as a stable intermediate along a R-R2-T pathway. The T-, R-, and R2-states must coexist in solution. That is, the fact that these states can be crystallized implies that they are all energetically accessible structures. What remains to be determined are the T-to-R, T-to-R2, and R-to-R2 equilibrium constants for hemoglobin under various solution conditions and ligation states. Although this may prove to be difficult, we discuss previously published results which indicate that low concentrations of inorganic anions or low pH may favor the R2-state and at least one alpha 1 beta 2 interface mutation stabilizes a quaternary structure that is very similar to the R2-state.
Anti–signal recognition particle autoantibody in patients with and patients without idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (2004)

The anti-SRP autoantibody is not specific for PM. Severe muscle weakness and atrophy were prominent features in PM patients with anti-SRP. Cardiac involvement was less common and survival was better in patients with anti-SRP than has previously been reported.
Photochemical conversion of 3-azido-2-vinylthiophenes into thienopyrroles and of 2-azidostyrenes into indoles. High migratory aptitude of sulphur substituents (1986)

On photolysis in acetonitrile 3-azido-2-vinylthiophenes (8a–h) give thieno[3,2-b]pyrroles (10), (16), (18)–(20), (23), (24), (26) and 2-azidostyrenes (9a–d) give indoles (11) and (22). A mechanism is proposed involving formation and 1,5-electrocyclisation of the corresponding nitrene, followed by sigmatropic shift of one or both of the 2-substituents (Y, Z) in the 2H-pyrrole thus formed (Scheme 3). Decomposition of the two series of azides thus provides a measure of the relative migratory aptitudes of these substituents which are found to decrease in the order RSO > RS > H > RSO2 > RCO > EtO2C. The sulphide, sulphoxide, and sulphone groups are thus remarkably mobile.