gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon models of visual cortical processing (2002)

Receptive field structures found in the visual cortex of the mammalian brain act as oriented, localized spatial frequency filters. There has been interest in the use of such receptive field profiles for image coding and texture processing. These receptive field structures resemble Gabor filters. Systems employing such Gabor filters have been implemented in software for a variety of applications. We believe a hardware implementation of such cells will be helpful in artificial visual processing. We have implemented analog VLSI cells whose outputs resemble the receptive field profiles found in the visual cortex. We describe experimental results of our circuit. Our circuit is the first silicon model of visual cortical processing.
Gettering of Nickel within the Ni-Metal Induced Lateral Crystallization Polycrystalline Silicon Film through the Contact Holes (2007)

Ni-metal-induced lateral crystallization (NILC) of amorphous Si (α-Si) has been used to fabricate high-performance low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The current crystallization technology, however, often leads to trap Ni and NiSi2 precipitates, which degrade the device performance. In this study, α-Si film was coated on the top of contact holes as Ni-gettering layer. It was found the Ni-metal impurity within the NILC poly-Si film was reduced without addition mask.
Real time Rome (2006)

In today's world, wireless mobile communications devices an creating new dimensions of interconnectedness between people, places, and urban infrastructure. This ubiquitous connectivity within the environment can be observed and interpreted in real-time through aggregate records collected from communication and transportation networks. The real-time acquisition can regard traces of information and communication networks, mavement patterns of people and transportation systems, spatial and social usage of streets and neigbbourboods. This paper reports on the Real Time Rome project, exhibited at the 10th Internationl Architecture Exhibition in Venice, Italy. The Real Time Rome project is the first example of an urban-wide real-time monitoring system that collects and processes data provided by telecommunications networks and transportation systems in order to understand patterns of daily life in Rome. Obseriwg the real-time city becomes a means to understanding the present and anticipating the future urban environement 1 .
Formulation composition of botulinum toxins in clinical use. (2010)

The use of botulinum toxin (BoNT) has now become the treatment of choice for a range of debilitating neuromuscular diseases and for aesthetic medicine. BoNT products are licensed as prescription-only medicines by the health authorities of each country in which they are approved. The authors describe here the current status with regard to BoNT formulations and detail more precisely what is in each product. These data have been presented previously, in a fragmented way, in papers that discuss characteristics of the BoNT products but not the formulations in detail. This information is essential for clinicians in order to enable informed decisions about which products they wish to use clinically. The authors have also examined developments that are either in progress or likely to occur, based on currently available information.
Effect of Emulsifier on Oxidation Properties of Fish Oil-Based Structured Lipid Emulsions (2002)

The effects of the emulsifiers lecithin, Tween 20, whey protein isolate, mono-/diacylglycerols, and sucrose fatty acid ester on oxidation stability of a model oil-in-water emulsion prepared with enzymatically synthesized menhaden oil-caprylic acid structured lipid were evaluated. Oxidation was monitored by measuring lipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the ratio of combined docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents to palmitic acid in the emulsion. After high-pressure homogenization, all emulsions, except those prepared with lecithin, had similar droplet size distributions. All structured lipid emulsions, except for the lecithin-stabilized emulsions, were stable to creaming over the 48-day period studied. Emulsifier type and concentration affected oxidation rate, with 0.25% emulsifier concentration generally having a higher oxidation rate than 1% emulsifier concentration. Overall, oxidation did not progress significantly enough in 48 days of storage to affect DHA and EPA levels in the emulsion.
Computerization of Taxonomic Catalogs (1984)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
5'-Triphosphate-Dependent Activation of PKR by RNAs with Short Stem-Loops (2007)

Molecular patterns in pathogenic RNAs can be recognized by the innate immune system, and a component of this response is the interferon-induced enzyme RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). The major activators of PKR have been proposed to be long double-stranded RNAs. We report that RNAs with very limited secondary structures activate PKR in a 5'-triphosphate-dependent fashion in vitro and in vivo. Activation of PKR by 5'-triphosphate RNA is independent of RIG-I and is enhanced by treatment with type 1 interferon (IFN-alpha). Surveillance of molecular features at the 5' end of transcripts by PKR presents a means of allowing pathogenic RNA to be distinguished from self-RNA. The evidence presented here suggests that this form of RNA-based discrimination may be a critical step in mounting an early immune response.
Wound shape geometry measurements correlate to eventual wound healing (2009)

Wound geometry measurements have long been associated with wound-healing outcomes but there is little published evidence to support this. We studied serial wound tracings of 338 venous leg ulcers (VLUs) that had been followed during a controlled, prospective, randomized pivotal trial of two topical wound treatments, to determine whether the relationship between wound surface area and wound perimeter planimetry measurements, as well as the qualitative assessment of wound shape, could be correlated to wound-healing outcomes. VLUs that transitioned to a more convex wound shape, and maintained a linear relationship between their wound margin size and wound surface area size, had faster healing rates and were more likely to completely heal by 12 weeks (odds ratio=4.84, p=0.001). VLUs that initially presented with isolated areas of epithelium within the wound margins, large concavities, or were segmented into multiple ulcers typically had a poorer linear correlation between their margins and their surface area. Only 18 out of 134 (13%) VLUs with a linear r(2)<0.80 eventually reached full wound closure, vs. 43% (102 of 270) of the remaining wounds with an r(2)> or =0.80 (Fisher's exact p<0.001). We believe our results show that the proportional relationship between one-dimensional perimeter and area measurements accurately correlates to the healing progress of the wound. Wounds that do not correlate to this linear relationship (concave geometries or multiple islands of healing) may be physiologically different than wounds that have good linear correlation, which we concluded through the analysis of wound acetate tracings.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Insulin Resistance, and Steatohepatitis in Severe Obesity (2008)

Hypoxic stress of sleep apnea may be implicated in the development of insulin resistance and steatohepatitis in severe obesity.
Effect of Nitrogen on Electrical and Physical Properties of Polyatomic Layer Chemical Vapor Deposition HfSi<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub><i>y</i></sub>Gate Dielectrics (2004)

The effect of nitrogen incorporation on polyatomic layer chemical vapor deposition (PLCVD) hafnium silicate (HfSixOy) films was investigated. The physical and electrical properties of nitride hafnium silicate (HfSixOyNz) and HfSixOy dielectric films are reported. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to check chemical compositions, nitrogen profile, band gap, and band offset of the HfSixOy and HfSixOyNz films. The nitrogen incorporation results in decreases in the band gap and band offset of the HfSixOy sample. The nitrogen profile obtained by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) shows a gradient decrease from the surface to the interface. The prepared HfSixOy and HfSixOyNz films have reasonable electrical performance.
Secret Communication in Presence of Colluding Eavesdroppers (2006)

We consider the problem of secret communications between two nodes over a wireless link in the presence of multiple passive eavesdroppers which may collude. Both the transmitter and the receiver are assumed to have multiple antennas and the multiple colluding eavesdroppers are modeled by an eavesdropper with multiple antennas. Communication is secret if the eavesdropper is unable to decode the message whereas the receiver can decode the message without making any errors. Thus, we deal with the problem of secrecy in a MIMO scenario. It is shown how the transmitter can use the multiple antennas to add artificially generated noise to the information signal such that the artificial noise only degrades the eavesdropper's channel. Thus, even if the eavesdropper has a 'better' channel than the receiver, secret communication is made possible by selectively degrading the eavesdropper's channel. The secrecy of communication is achieved by exploiting the physical characteristics of the wireless medium and it is independent of the secrecy of channel state information (CSI)
Lateral diffusion in the liquid phases of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol lipid bilayers: a free volume analysis (1992)

The technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is used to perform an extensive study of the lateral diffusion of a phospholipid probe in the binary mixture dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol, above the melting temperature of the phospholipid. In the regions of the phase diagram where a single liquid phase exists, diffusion can be quantitatively described by free volume theory, using a modified Macedo-Litovitz hybrid equation. In the liquid-liquid immiscibility region, the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient is in excellent agreement with current theories of generalized diffusivities in composite two-phase media. A consistent interpretation of the diffusion data can be provided based essentially on the idea that the primary effect of cholesterol addition to the bilayer is to occupy free volume. On this basis, a general interpretation of the phase behavior of this mixture is also proposed.
Stimulation‐dependent regulation of the ph, volume and quantal size of bovine and rodent secretory vesicles (2002)

Trapping of weak bases was utilized to evaluate stimulus-induced changes in the internal pH of the secretory vesicles of chromaffin cells and enteric neurons. The internal acidity of chromaffin vesicles was increased by the nicotinic agonist 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium iodide (DMPP; in vivo and in vitro) and by high K+ (in vitro); and in enteric nerve terminals by exposure to veratridine or a plasmalemmal [Ca2+]o receptor agonist (Gd3+). Stimulation-induced acidification of chromaffin vesicles was [Ca2+]o-dependent and blocked by agents that inhibit the vacuolar proton pump (vH+-ATPase) or flux through Cl- channels. Stimulation also increased the average volume of chromaffin vesicles and the proportion that displayed a clear halo around their dense cores (called active vesicles). Stimulation-induced increases in internal acidity and size were greatest in active vesicles. Stimulation of chromaffin cells in the presence of a plasma membrane marker revealed that membrane was internalized in endosomes but not in chromaffin vesicles. The stable expression of botulinum toxin E to prevent exocytosis did not affect the stimulation-induced acidification of the secretory vesicles of mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2A cells. Stimulation-induced acidification thus occurs independently of exocytosis. The quantal size of secreted catecholamines, measured by amperometry in cultured chromaffin cells, was found to be increased either by prior exposure to L-DOPA or stimulation by high K+, and decreased by inhibition of vH+-ATPase or flux through Cl- channels. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the content of releasable small molecules in secretory vesicles is increased when the driving force for their uptake is enhanced, either by increasing the transmembrane concentration or pH gradients.
Umwandlung von Cardenoliden durch Mikroorganismen III. Umsetzung von Aglykonen und Glykosiden mit <i>Fusarium lini</i> (B<scp>OLLEY</scp>). 4. Mitteilung über Reaktionen mit Mikroorganismen (1959)

Abstract Das Verhalten verschiedener digitaloider Aglykone und Glykoside gegenüber Kulturen von Fusarium lini (BOLLEY) wurde untersucht.
Tail-cuff blood pressure measurement without external preheating in awake rats. (1982)

A new photoelectric sensor capable of detecting tail pulses even in unheated rats was tested for accuracy in indirect measurements of blood pressure. This sensor proved more sensitive than a Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter because it allowed detection not only of tail pulsations without preheating but also of peak oscillations usable for estimating mean arterial pressure. After blood pressures in anesthetized rats were elevated with norepinephrine or lowered with sodium nitroprusside, systolic pressures determined with the photoelectric sensor were almost identical with those recorded concurrently from femoral catheters (r = 0.939). Cuff pressure at peak oscillations in the tail correlated better with femoral mean pressure than with femoral diastolic pressure. However, similar comparisons in awake rats with chronically implanted carotid catheters showed that, although correlation between tail-cuff and carotid systolic pressures remained significant (r = 0.962), the correlation between peak tail oscillations and either mean or diastolic pressure was not. When systolic pressures were measured indirectly once a week for 7 weeks in unheated awake rats, normotensive rats could be easily distinguished from streptozotocin-diabetic and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.
The Influence of the Scripted Task on Learning Outcomes in Collaborative Learning (2013)

Scripting task is one of the key issues on the study of collaborative learning thatprimarily focuses on the influence of scripted task on learners’ knowledge building. It is known that the outcomes of collaborative learning entail learners’ knowledge building as well as their acquirement of collaborative skills. The paper, through a quasi-experiment, examines the effects of individual characteristics (gender and learning style), group characteristics (task type and group production), and their interaction effect on learners’ knowledge acquisition and acquirement of collaborative skills. The result shows that (a) the group with the scripted task and the group with scripted task and sequence do better than the group with an unscripted task in both knowledge acquisition and collaborative skills, (b) the effect of scripted task on knowledge acquisition and collaborative skills has significant difference among students with surface approach, strategic approach and deep approach, and (c) the group with the scripted task is not significantly different from the group with scripted task and sequence on knowledge acquisition and collaborative skills. As a result, future study on scripted task is supposed to pay closer attention to its impact on learners’ collaborative skills and the way to improve their collaborative skills.
Heavy metal behaviour during circulating fluidized bed combustion of willow (Salix) (1999)

The behavior of the heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn was studied experimentally at a 35 MW circulating fluidized bed boiler. The fuel was a Swedish willow (Salix) and quartz sand was used as an additional bed material. Almost no Cd was retained in the bottom ash, whereas Zn was clearly enriched in the bottom ash. 15--27% of Pb was in the gas phase downstream of the cyclone at T = 810 C, but less than 3% of Cd, Cu, or Zn. In the convective pass the gas phase Pb reacted with the coarse fly ash particles. Consequently, all the heavy metals were found entirely in the coarse fly ash particles downstream of the convective pass at T = 150 C. The heavy metals were not enriched in the fine fly ash particles. The coarse fly ash particles were large agglomerates consisting of up to thousands of submicron primary particles. These agglomerates were very effective in capturing volatile heavy metals into the coarse fly ash fraction hindering their condensation and subsequent enrichment in the fine particles.
High efficiency, low cost thin GaAs solar cells (1982)

The feasibility of fabricating space-resistant, high efficiency, light-weight, low-cost GaAs shallow-homojunction solar cells for space application is demonstrated. This program addressed the optimal preparation of ultrathin GaAs single-crystal layers by AsCl3-GaAs-H2 and OMCVD process. Considerable progress has been made in both areas. Detailed studies on the AsCl3 process showed high-quality GaAs thin layers can be routinely grown. Later overgrowth of GaAs by OMCVD has been also observed and thin FaAs films were obtained from this process.
Sending and Receiving the Hedgehog Signal: Control by the <b> <i>Drosophila</i> </b> Gli Protein Cubitus interruptus (1996)

Drosophila limb development is organized by interactions between anterior and posterior compartment cells. Posterior cells continuously express and require engrailed (en) and secrete Hedgehog (Hh) protein. Anterior cells express the zinc-finger protein Cubitus interruptus (Ci). It is now shown that anterior cells lacking ci express hh and adopt posterior properties without expressing en. Increased levels of Ci can induce the expression of the Hh target gene decapentaplegic (dpp) in a Hh-independent manner. Thus, expression of Ci in anterior cells controls limb development (i) by restricting hh secretion to posterior cells and (ii) by conferring competence to respond to Hh by mediating the transduction of this signal.
Chemical-beam deposition of GaN films on Si(111) from diethylazidogallium methylhydrazine adduct (2004)

GaN films were grown on Si(111) substrates at 400–800 °C using a single precursor diethylazidogallium methylhydrazine adduct, Et2(N3)Ga⋅MeHNNH2, under high-vacuum conditions (5×10−6 Torr). The chemical composition, crystalline structure, and morphology of the deposited films were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, double crystal x-ray diffraction, x-ray pole figure analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that high-quality h-GaN films with correct stoichiometry can be deposited on Si(111) at a relatively low temperature by chemical-beam deposition (CBD). Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements have been performed to evaluate the optical properties of the GaN films. The single precursor Et2(N3)Ga⋅MeHNNH2 has been found suitable for the CBD of GaN thin films on Si substrates.
Write-limited sorts and joins for persistent memory (2014)

To mitigate the impact of the widening gap between the memory needs of CPUs and what standard memory technology can deliver, system architects have introduced a new class of memory technology termed persistent memory. Persistent memory is byte-addressable, but exhibits asymmetric I/O: writes are typically one order of magnitude more expensive than reads. Byte addressability combined with I/O asymmetry render the performance profile of persistent memory unique. Thus, it becomes imperative to find new ways to seamlessly incorporate it into database systems. We do so in the context of query processing. We focus on the fundamental operations of sort and join processing. We introduce the notion of write-limited algorithms that effectively minimize the I/O cost. We give a high-level API that enables the system to dynamically optimize the workflow of the algorithms; or, alternatively, allows the developer to tune the write profile of the algorithms. We present four different techniques to incorporate persistent memory into the database processing stack in light of this API. We have implemented and extensively evaluated all our proposals. Our results show that the algorithms deliver on their promise of I/O-minimality and tunable performance. We showcase the merits and deficiencies of each implementation technique, thus taking a solid first step towards incorporating persistent memory into query processing.
Validation of the protective <i>Ostertagia ostertagi</i> ES‐thiol antigens with different adjuvantia (2004)

Intramuscular immunization of calves with an excretory-secretory antigen fraction enriched for cysteine proteinase activity (ES-thiol) and QuilA as adjuvant induces a protective immune response against the abomasal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi. The objectives of the present study were to confirm the protective capacity of ES-thiol in combination with QuilA, to test Al(OH)(3) as adjuvant for vaccination against O. ostertagi and to look for correlations between protection and immunological effector responses. Calves(seven animals/group) were vaccinated three times intramuscularly with 100 micro g antigen and/or adjuvant (ES-thiol with QuilA, ES-thiol with Al(OH)(3), QuilA alone and Al(OH)(3) alone) and subsequently challenged with a trickled oral infection of 25 000 infective larvae in total over 25 days. Faecal egg counts in the ES-thiol QuilA group were reduced by 56% during the two-month period of the trial compared to the QuilA control group (P < 0.002). Calves immunized with ES-thiol QuilA had significantly smaller adult worms (P < 0.002) and less eggs/female worm (P < 0.05) compared to the QuilA control group. No differences in egg output, worm counts or parameters of worm fitness were observed in the ES-thiol Al(OH)(3) group compared to the Al(OH)(3) control group. Although the protective immune mechanism against O. ostertagi remains unknown, protection in the ES-thiol QuilA group was associated with high levels of parasite-specific antibodies in the abomasal mucosa.
Prospective memory in HIV infection: Is “remembering to remember” a unique predictor of self-reported medication management? (2008)

Optimal adherence to antiretroviral medications is critical to the effective long-term management of HIV infection. Although prospective memory (ProM; i.e., "remembering to remember") has long been theorized to play an important role in medication adherence, no prior studies have evaluated whether HIV-associated ProM impairment possesses unique predictive value in this regard. Results from this study demonstrate a robust association between ProM impairment and self-reported medication management in 87 HIV-infected persons currently prescribed antiretroviral medications. Specifically, more frequent ProM complaints and performance deficits on both laboratory and semi-naturalistic ProM tasks were all independently related to poorer self-reported medication management. A series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that HIV-associated ProM impairment accounted for a significant amount of variance in self-reported medication management beyond that which was explained by other factors known to predict nonadherence, including mood disorders, psychosocial variables, environmental structure, and deficits on a traditional battery of neuropsychological tests. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that ProM captures a unique and largely untapped aspect of cognition that is germane to optimal medication adherence. The potential benefits of individualized remediation strategies that are informed by conceptual models of ProM and specifically target medication adherence warrant further exploration.