gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological Activities of Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O139, a New Epidemic Strain for Recent Cholera in Indian Subcontinent (1994)

Biological activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Vibrio cholerae O139, a new causative agent for recent cholera epidemic in Indian subcontinent, were investigated in comparison with those of LPS from O1 V. cholerae. V. cholerae O139 LPS exerted mitogenic activity, lethal toxicity and Shwartzman reaction to the same extent as those observed for O1 V. cholerae LPS, although these activities except for lethal toxicity were obviously lower than those of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 LPS used as a reference. It was, therefore, suggested that O139 LPS does not contribute to the high infective and pathogenic potentials of the V. cholerae O139 strain as in the case of O1 V. cholerae.
Rheumatoid arthritis. (2002)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of joints with the potential to cause substantial joint damage and disability. Proinflammatory cytokines(TNFα, IL-6, IL-1) have recently been shown to play important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, advances in the field of genetic engineering have made possible therapies using monoclonal antibody targeting specific inflammatory mediators. Infliximab is a chimeric anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody that is already available for rheumatoid arthritis patients in the United States and European countries following the results of multiple double-blinded placebo-controlled trials. Infliximab has been demonstrated to improve symptoms and signs of synovitis, and to prevent radiographic evidence of progeressive joint damage in a majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, increased susceptibility to infection is a potential concern with agents inhibiting TNFα as the cytokine plays a central role in host defense. In fact, several kinds of infection, including tuberculosis, have been reported as adverse events following anti-TNFα blockade therapy. Physicians are therefore recommended to screen patients for latent tuberculosis infection or disease before initiating such therapies. IL-6 is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis in addition to TNFα. Clinical trials into IL-6 blockade therapy using complementarity determining regions (CDR)-grafted anti-human IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody have therefore started. In the near future, these anti-cytokine therapies will become part of the standard armamentarium for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan.
Reasons for Market Evolution and Budgeting Implications (2008)

Identifying market evolution is a necessary step in persistence analysis of marketing input–output relationships. Using the advertising–sales relationship to represent general marketing input–output dynamics, the authors theoretically distinguish two types of market evolution: (1) intrinsic evolution, in which sales evolve independent of advertising and temporary advertising can generate persistent effects, and (2) induced evolution, in which sales evolution is supported by sustained advertising budgets in an intrinsic-stationary market and there are no real persistent effects of temporary advertising. The proposed intrinsic market evolution test can identify intrinsic-evolving and intrinsic-stationary markets. The authors analyze five major budgeting implications and provide methods to quantify temporary and sustained budgeting. In general, in an intrinsic-evolving market, budgeting can be short-term focused, whereas in an intrinsic-stationary market, the focus should be on sustained budgeting. Percentage budgeting at a sufficient level can create induced evolution. Contrary to conventional wisdom, temporary, intensive advertising campaigns are often not necessary. Empirical illustrations demonstrate the two types of evolutions and the relationships between budgeting methods and sales performance.
Algebraic synthesis of Fibonacci Switched Capacitor Converters (2011)

A simple algebraic approach to synthesis Fibonacci Switched Capacitor Converters (SCC) was developed. The proposed approach reduces the power losses by increasing the number of target voltages. The synthesized Fibonacci SCC is compatible with the binary SCC and uses the same switch network. This feature is unique, since it provides the option to switch between the binary and Fibonacci target voltages, increasing thereby the resolution of attainable conversion ratios. The theoretical results were verified by experiments.
TRPV4 channels mediate the infrared laser-evoked response in sensory neurons (2012)

Infrared laser irradiation has been established as an appropriate stimulus for primary sensory neurons under conditions where sensory receptor cells are impaired or lost. Yet, development of clinical applications has been impeded by lack of information about the molecular mechanisms underlying the laser-induced neural response. Here, we directly address this question through pharmacological characterization of the biological response evoked by midinfrared irradiation of isolated retinal and vestibular ganglion cells from rodents. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings reveal that both voltage-gated calcium and sodium channels contribute to the laser-evoked neuronal voltage variations (LEVV). In addition, selective blockade of the LEVV by micromolar concentrations of ruthenium red and RN 1734 identifies thermosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid channels as the primary effectors of the chain reaction triggered by midinfrared laser irradiation. These results have the potential to facilitate greatly the design of future prosthetic devices aimed at restoring neurosensory capacities in disabled patients.
Grasp Planning with Incomplete Knowledge About the Object to be Grasped (2019)

Robotic grasping in domestic environments is nowadays a topic of intensive research, since the big number of variables and constraints in a household scenario makes it a difficult task to accomplish. This paper addresses the problem of grasp planning in these situations. The first problem to deal with is the selection of the grasp pose for the end-effector - the position and orientation in which it should grasp the desired object. To tackle this issue, this work applies a method to detect grasp poses in point clouds with objects that may be unknown to the robot, followed by an approach to select the grasp candidate in terms of its appropriateness for a given scene. The second part of the grasping task is the motion planning that places the end-effector in the grasp pose. This involves getting an Inverse Kinematics (IK) solution for the goal arm configuration and a trajectory for the arm avoiding any obstacle in the scene. This was addressed by using MoveIt! framework together with an additional tolerance method to compute feasible movements. A comparative study regarding the used motion planners and IK solvers was conducted. We show experimental results of the pipeline, featuring the components mentioned above, which can plan and execute grasps with a success rate that may go up to 90%, depending on the scenario.
ASCO: results ‘look extremely promising’ (2005)

Robert Short in co-operation with CancerBACUPs information nurses discusses the data on new therapies and new indications for established therapies which emerged from the American society of clinical oncology annual meeting in Orlando, Florida
Safety Assessment of PEGylated Oils as Used in Cosmetics (2014)

PEGylated oil is a terminology used to describe cosmetic ingredients that are the etherification and esterification products of glycerides and fatty acids with ethylene oxide. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) considered the safety of PEGylated oils, which function primarily as surfactants in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data provided in this safety assessment and concluded that the 130 chemically related PEGylated oils were safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.
Introduction (2009)

Before delving into the details of international philanthropic endeavors, a brief digression is in order. In dealing with the international work of various charities, it is impossible to overlook how so many charitable activities are predominantly American in concept and implementation. Indeed, in surveying the landscape of international charitable endeavors, one is struck by the relatively small contribution made by individuals of other countries. It is difficult not to conclude that there is something uniquely American about the culture that creates such a strong desire to help others or to work for causes for the general betterment of mankind.
Graph models for reachability analysis of concurrent programs (1995)

The problem of analyzing concurrent systems has been investigated by many researchers, and several solutions have been proposed. Among the proposed techniques, reachability analysis—systematic enumeration of reachable states in a finite-state model—is attractive because it is conceptually simple and relatively straightforward to automate and can be used in conjunction with model-checking procedures to check for application-specific as well as general properties. This article shows that the nature of the translation from source code to a modeling formalism is of greater practical importance than the underlying formalism. Features identified as pragmatically important are the representation of internal choice, selection of a dynamic or static matching rule, and the ease of applying reductions. Since combinatorial explosion is the primary impediment to application of reachability analysis, a particular concern in choosing a model is facilitating divide-and-conquer analysis of large programs. Recently, much interest in finite-state verification systems has centered on algebraic theories of concurrency. Algebraic structure can be used to decompose reachability analysis based on a flowgraph model. The semantic equivalence of graph and Petri net-based models suggests that one ought to be able to apply a similar strategy for decomposing Petri nets. We describe how category-theoretic treatments of Petri nets provide a basis for decomposition of Petri net reachability analysis.
RRANN: the run-time reconfiguration artificial neural network (2002)

Run-time reconfiguration is a way of more fully exploiting the flexibility of reconfigurable field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The run-time reconfiguration artificial neural network (RRANN) uses runtime reconfiguration to increase the hardware density of FPGAs. This is done by dividing the backpropagation algorithm into three sequentially executed stages and configuring the FPGAs to execute only one stage at a time. The FPGAs are reconfigured as part of normal execution in order to change stages. Using reconfigurability in this way increases the number of hardware neurons a single FPGA can implement by 500%. The RRANN architecture has been designed and built using commercially available hardware, and its performance has been measured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Smokers Is Related to Plasma Levels of Inflammation-Sensitive Proteins (2004)

ISP levels are related to COHb% in smokers. High levels are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk.
El grabado "Ukiyoe" como reflejo de los valores de la cultura japonesa (2013)

espanolEl grabado japones ukiyoe es un genero artistico caracteristico de las ciudades del periodo Edo (1615-1868). Se considera un arte popular, en el sentido de que era consumido por las clases de menor prestigio social del Japon de la era Tokugawa. El grabado ukiyo-e se ocupa de una tematica muy amplia. No es extrana la presencia de referencias literarias y teatrales (kabuki) que nos indican como se han popularizado algunos temas de la cultura clasica japonesa. En este sentido, consideramos que el grabado ukiyoe, por su capacidad de difusion visual, ha sido un valioso eslabon entre los valores esteticos de la cultura japonesa y la sociedad actual, en la cual estos valores siguen vigentes. EnglishJapanese woodblock print (ukiyoe) is the urban art of Japanese Edo period (1615-1868). Sometimes, ukiyoe is considered a folk art, in the sense that it was consumed by the lower classes of the society in the Tokugawa era. Literary and theatrical (kabuki) subjects indicate how ukiyoe has popularized the classical Japanese culture. Ukiyoe had a great visual diffusing capacity and Japanese woodblock prints were a valuable link between the historical values of Japanese culture and the Japanese society today.
DETECTING COHERENT ENERGY (2011)

We apply the mathematics of cognitive radio to a single receiver to obtain a new coherent energy metric. This allows us to derive the time correlation law separating Gaussian colored noise from coherent signal energy.
Prosthetic interfaces with the visual system: biological issues (2007)

The design of effective visual prostheses for the blind represents a challenge for biomedical engineers and neuroscientists. Significant progress has been made in the miniaturization and processing power of prosthesis electronics; however development lags in the design and construction of effective machine-brain interfaces with visual system neurons. This review summarizes what has been learned about stimulating neurons in the human and primate retina, lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex. Each level of the visual system presents unique challenges for neural interface design. Blind patients with the retinal degenerative disease retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are a common population in clinical trials of visual prostheses. The visual performance abilities of normals and RP patients are compared. To generate pattern vision in blind patients, the visual prosthetic interface must effectively stimulate the retinotopically organized neurons in the central visual field to elicit patterned visual percepts. The development of more biologically compatible methods of stimulating visual system neurons is critical to the development of finer spatial percepts. Prosthesis electrode arrays need to adapt to different optimal stimulus locations, stimulus patterns, and patient disease states.
29. SCATTER REMOVAL BY DECONVOLUTION (1987)

Department of Radiology University of California, Davis 95616 Department of Radiology University of Missouri, Columbia 65212
Solvent extraction : principles and applications to process metallurgy (1979)

A two-volume publication indended to fill the gap existing between the research on solvent extraction for metals recovery and the implementation of this knowledge into a final operating process. The books achieve this aim by providing detailed coverage of both the basic and applied aspects of solvent extraction in metallurgical processes.
Design and Investigationi of Data Bus CNC System Based on USB (2011)

CNC system based on using USB connection to transmit and control date is designed and investigated. System software based on NET Framework is developed in C#language and ribbon GUI style firstly put forward.Embed RTAI inner core in Linux system is to explore timely control system whose mainly functions such as PID position control of serve,IO control,trajectory plan and Nurbs interpolation etc.The USB CNC system established hardware platform by using PIC18F4550 core was proved to be stable and reliable and can be practically applied.
Histone H1 subtype synthesis in neurons and neuroblasts (1992)

Rat cerebral cortex neurons contain the five histone H1 subtypes H1a-e and the subtype H1 zero present in other mammalian somatic tissues. The four subtypes H1a-d decay exponentially during postnatal development and are partially or totally replaced by H1e that becomes the major H1 subtype in adults. H1 zero accumulates in a period restricted to neuronal terminal differentiation. Here we study the synthesis of the H1 subtypes in cortical neurons and their neuroblasts by in vivo labeling with [14C]lysine. The subtype synthesis pattern of neuroblasts has been determined by labeling gravid rats during the period of proliferation of cortical neurons and synthesis in neurons has been studied by postnatal labeling. The subtype H1a is synthesized in neuroblasts but not in neurons and is therefore rapidly removed from neuronal chromatin. The synthesis of H1b and H1d is much lower in neurons than in neuroblasts so that these subtypes are replaced to a large extent during postnatal development. H1c is synthesized at levels much higher than the other subtypes both in neurons and neuroblasts, but its very high turnover, about one order of magnitude faster than that of H1e in neurons, favors its partial replacement during postnatal development. Comparison of the synthesis rates of H1 zero in newborn and 30-day-old rats shows that the accumulation of H1 zero in differentiating neurons is due to an increased level of synthesis.
Thermal Stability of Alkylaromatics in Natural Systems: Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Dodecylbenzene (2002)

The aim of this work is to determine the apparent rate constants for dodecylbenzene (DDB) thermal cracking in laboratory conditions in order to evaluate alkylaromatic stability in geological conditions. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out under Argon atmosphere, in anhydrous closed system (gold bags) during times ranging from 1 to 72 h under isothermal conditions (325−425 °C). The global rate constants were determined based on the reactant conversions obtained at various temperatures. For all temperatures investigated, bulk decomposition of the DDB obeys first-order kinetics and the resulting apparent activation energy derived from an Arrhenius diagram is found at 53.3 kcal/mol and the corresponding frequency factor A at 1.3 × 1013 s-1. When these kinetic parameters are used for predicting global rate constants at lower temperatures, results show that the DDB should decompose below 160 °C assuming a constant thermal history at 1.25 °C/my. This means that, even within source rocks, the monoalkyl aromatics are likely to decompose during the late stage of kerogen cracking. Consequently, depending on the timing of petroleum expulsion, the expelled fluid may be depleted in alkyl aromatics due to their partial secondary cracking before the migration threshold is reached. The major products observed during DDB cracking are on one hand, a light C7−C14 fraction dominated by decane (n-C10) and undecene/undecane (α-C11/n-C11) toluene and ethyl benzene and on the other hand, heavy C14+ aromatic fraction. For DDB conversion lower than 88%, hydrocarbon gas generation was negligible and no insoluble residue was observed.
Optimally apodized ring-resonator filter for DPSK demodulation (2010)

Optical micro-ring resonator arrays (OMRA) are versatile elements for designing various photonic integrated circuits and systems for optical signal processing and communication. In this paper, we analyze the performance of an OMRA used for optical demodulation of both single channel DPSK and 3-channel WDM-DPSK signals. Several apodization profiles have been investigated to decide for the optimal performance. It is shown that OMRA with Tanh apodization profile results in an overall superior performance compared to other profiles considered based on same 3-dB bandwidth of the OMRA filter in each case of apodization.
REDUCTION OF WARPAGE OCCURRENCE STACK-DIE QFN THROUGH FEA AND STATISTICAL METHOD (2015)

In semiconductor packaging, warpage is one of the critical issues during molding stage. It is related to a thermal mismatch i.e. coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values and reliability of passive components in the package. Finite element method (FEM) is able to perform extensive structural analysis of quad flat no-lead (QFN) package designs once verified by experiments. 2k factorial is employed to analyse the finite element analysis (FEA) in order to determine the significant factors that affect warpage. A QFN stacked-die strip was developed with six different control factors were constructed using Ansys ® and particularly for nodal displacement. The displacement results were verified with experiment data. The FEA results were then subjected to 2k factorial design technique to determine the significant factors. It was found that the mold compound and epoxy layers significantly influenced the warpage formation.
On the use of nonresonant multiphoton ionization of desorbed species for surface analysis (1987)

Ionization subsequent to sputtering or desorption, for the purpose of mass spectrometry, is discussed along with a rationale for the choice of nonresonant multiphoton ionization. The surface analysis by laser ionization method employing intense untuned UV laser radiation, reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and flexible desorption mode is briefly reviewed. The main factors limiting the absolute quantitation of the method without use of standards are identified, namely, the velocity distributions and effective laser ionization volumes for different neutral particles. Three applications are then presented: depth profiling by Ar+ beam sputtering of a nonuniform Al–Ti thin film and a Ti implant, and measurement of the mass spectrum of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons evaporating from a cleaved olivine crystal.
Nutritional value of wheat and corn distiller’s dried grain with solubles: Digestibility and digestible contents of energy, amino acids and phosphorus, nutrient excretion and growth performance of grower-finisher pigs (2007)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) samples derived from corn, wheat and a wheat/corn blend (4:1). Specifically, the digestibility and digestible contents of energy, amino acids (AA) and P, N and P excretion, and growth performance were determined in grower-finisher pigs. In exp. 1, 12 ileal cannulated barrows (64.6 ± 6.4 kg) had restricted access (2.6 × maintenance) to a wheat-control diet or one of three diets containing 40% DDGS sample of corn, wheat or wheat/corn origin that replaced wheat. For energy, apparent total tract digestibility was highest for wheat (85%; P < 0.05) and did not differ among the DDGS samples (77 to 79%; P > 0.10). Total tract digestible energy (DE) was higher for corn DDGS (4292 kcal kg -1 DM; P < 0.05) than wheat/corn DDGS, wheat DDGS and wheat samples (4038, 4019 and 3807). For lysine, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was highest for wheat (71%; P < 0.05) and did not differ among DDGS samples (59 to 63%; P > 0.10). The AID lysine content was highest for corn DDGS (0.51% DM; P < 0.05), intermediate for wheat/corn DDGS and wheat DDGS (0.45 and 0.42), and lowest for wheat (0.37%). For P, total tract digestibility was lowest for wheat (15%; P < 0.05) and did not differ among DDGS samples (53 to 56%; P > 0.10). Total N excretion was highest for wheat/corn DDGS and wheat DDGS (55 and 58 g d -1 ; P < 0.05), intermediate for corn DDGS (44) and lowest for wheat (36). Total P excretion did not differ among DDGS (11 g d -1 ) and was lowest for wheat (8; P < 0.05). In exp. 2, 100 pigs (52.0 ± 3.3 kg) were fed a wheat-pea control diet or one of three diets containing 25% of the three DDGS samples (3.375 Mcal DE kg -1 ; 2.50 g SID lysine Mcal -1 DE) for 5 wk. Overall, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and daily gain (ADG) were higher for pigs fed the wheat control diet than the DDGS-containing diets (P < 0.05), but feed efficiency did not differ (P > 0.10). In summary, the digestible nutrient content of wheat DDGS is lower than corn DDGS and higher than wheat. Followin g pre-characterization of digestible nutrient profile, feeding DDGS reduced growth performance indicating that further research is required to improve the nutritional value of DDGS. Key words: Distiller's dried grains with solubles, pig, digestibility, energy, amino acid