gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of extraocular muscle-infiltrating T cells in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) (1997)

TAO is characterized by an autoimmune process affecting the orbital contents. T cells have been suggested to have a major role in pathogenesis, but so far only limited data are available to clarify the extraocular muscle (EOM)-infiltrating T cell phenotype, antigenic reactivity and cytokine profile in TAO patients. In the present study, biopsies of affected EOM were taken and the infiltrating T cells isolated and expanded in vitro with mitogen. Their phenotype was determined by flow cytometric (FACS) analysis and compared with peripheral blood-derived T cell lines, treated in the same way from the same patient. Cytokines present in the supernatant after mitogen stimulation of the T cell lines were assayed by ELISA. In addition, cytokine mRNA present at the time of biopsy was determined by rapid RNA extraction from EOM and reverse transcription-amplification with specific cytokine oligonucleotide probes (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL- 15, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)). In the T cell lines from two patients, proliferation assays were carried out with antigens derived from thyroid gland, EOM and a thyrotropin (TSH) receptor preparation. Most T cell lines were CD4+, CD45RO+, and TCR alpha/beta+, both from the EOM and the peripheral blood. A wide variety of cytokines was detected by analysis of supernatants or mRNA, but the profiles were not identical comparing the two approaches. However, IL-4 was detected by both. Dose-dependent proliferation was observed in response to thyroid extract in a biopsy-derived T cell line. In conclusion, EOM-infiltrating T cells from patients with TAO, expanded in vitro, were chiefly CD4+ and produced a mixture of cytokines, including IL-4. The proliferation data suggest that there are thyroid-reactive T cells in EOM.
E-Commerce and Letter of Credit Law and Practice (2001)

IntroductionMuch in the current movement to realign commercial law in light of the e-commerce revolution can be traced to the processes of simplification and harmonization of the procedures surrounding international trade.They involved decade-long efforts to identify and articulate practices, and to develop formulae and forms that reflected these practices.'This convergence of rulemaking and trade simplification occurred at an early stage in the field of letters of credit (LC) because of its central role in international trade and commerce.Indeed, in many respects the LC lends itself to a paperless transaction.The undertaking that it embodies is dematerialized.Unlike negotiable instruments in which the obligation is merged with the paper, the obligation of an issuer of an LC is not reified and honor is not necessarily, or even typically, conditioned on presentation of the original LC.Nonetheless, the LC is an undertaking conditioned on the presentation of documents.As a result, it has one foot in the world of electronic commerce and one foot in the world of paper documentation.The question for today is what efforts are being made to put both feet squarely in the world of e-commerce?The question for tomorrow is whether this product of nineteenth-century mercantilism has any long-term future in the twenty-first century. H. The Current LC RegimeIn terms of issuance and payments, electronic letters of credit (eLC) were in place decades ago.The presentation of paperless documents under LCs is still developing.
Urinary phenylacetic acid in panic disorder with and without depression (1990)

Phenylacetic acid (PAA) excretion was measured in 39 patients who met criteria for panic disorder; 9 of these also had major depression, and 30 did not. Patients with panic and depression excreted 66 +/- 23 mg/day of PAA, an amount significantly lower than in normal controls; patients with panic disorder but without depression excreted 104 +/- 23 mg/day of PAA (not significantly lower than controls). The results support previous studies indicating that PAA excretion is a marker for depressive disorder.
TP-UrbanX - A new transport protocol for Cognitive Multi-Radio Mesh Networks (2011)

Urban-X is a new architecture for Multi-Radio Cognitive Mesh Networks based on principles from Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks. In the Urban-X, spectrum sensing and mobility are challenging a transport control protocol (TCP) whose performance is sensitive to varying delay and available bandwidth. Also high packet loss due to primary users lets standard TCP to operate inefficiently. In this study, we propose a new transport protocol TP-UrbanX for the Urban-X which exploits reinforcement based learning techniques to learn an optimal sending rate and adapt this rate given the dynamics of the environment such as spectrum sensing and channel mobility.
Unconjugated and Glucuronide Steroid Levels in Human Breast Cyst Fluid (1990)

The present report deals with the concentrations of C-21, C-19 and C-18 steroids as well as steroid glucuronides, namely androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol glucuronide, androsterone glucuronide, estradiol glucuronide, and estrone glucuronide (E1-G) in breast cyst fluid (BCF). The concentration of the gross breast cystic disease protein 15 (GCDFP-15) was also measured and its value was correlated with concentrations of unconjugated steroids as well as steroid conjugates. The present data indicate that for a large number of unconjugated steroids (namely pregnenolone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androsterone, androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol, estrone and estradiol) there is an important accumulation in BCF. Our data permit us to demonstrate a statistical relationship between the concentrations of DHEA and its metabolites (namely, androstenedione [4-ene-Dione]), thus suggesting an activity of the enzyme 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-4-ene-5-ene-isomerase in the breast tissue. Further examination of the relationship between the concentrations of 4-ene-Dione and its metabolites, namely testosterone and 5 alpha-reduced steroid metabolites, as well as their glucuronide derivatives, strongly suggests that the metabolism of androgens in the breast tissue occurs mainly via 5 alpha-reductase and glucuronyl transferase activities. The concentration of GCDFP-15 in BCF found in the present investigation was 2745 +/- 234 micrograms/ml and we have shown that a negative relationship exists in the BCF between E1-G and GCDFP-15 levels.
Multigrid Methods for Variational Problems: Further Results (1984)

In an earlier paper [SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 19 (1982), pp. 924–929], we developed a convergence theory for a class of multigrid methods applied to positive definite self-adjoint differential boundary value problems, where the multigrid process used W-cycling and Richardson’s iteration. In the present paper, we extend this theory to include V-cycling and more general relaxation schemes such as Jacobi and (arbitrarily ordered) Gauss-Seidel.
The effects of Fusarium graminearum infection on wheat kernels (1985)

Description des changements structuraux et biochimiques dans les grains de ble infestes par F.g.
Anti-TNF therapy for eye involvement in spondyloarthropathy. (2003)

Approximately 40% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis or reactive arthritis will experience the sudden onset of a unilateral anterior uveitis sometime during the course of their spinal disease. In most instances, this inflammation resolves within several weeks and responds to corticosteroid and mydriatic eye drops without the need for additional therapy. A small percentage of patients with either Crohn's disease or psoriatic arthropathy will have a bilateral, chronic, anterior and/or posterior uveitis that is more refractory to therapy. A similar clinical challenge is occasionally encountered in patients with ankylosing spondylitis or reactive arthritis. In this manuscript, we review briefly the clinical manifestations of the uveitis associated with spondyloarthropathy and discuss several potential novel therapeutic approaches, primarily anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy.
ProAC Tablette50及Tablette50 Signature扬声器 (1997)

如何从一对小扬声器发出大声音,这个问题似乎颇为令人着迷,这种要求吸引着许多设计者和热心人。尽管有许多价廉物美的座地式扬声器,仍然有许多人追求小巧玲珑就是美的路线。ProAC Tablette50和Tablette 50 Signature就是这一类扬声器。对于设计者来说,小扬声器既是挑战又有好处。说它是挑战是因为它的驱动单元、外壳和分频器都要极佳处理才能实现令人满意的低音效果。说它有好处是因为它外壳小巧自然能获得良好的散射及开阔稳定的立体音像。象其它的ProAC扬声器那样,
SemEval-2007 task 17 (2007)

This paper describes our experience in preparing the data and evaluating the results for three subtasks of SemEval-2007 Task-17 - Lexical Sample, Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) and All-Words respectively. We tabulate and analyze the results of participating systems.
Glass in contact with mould materials for container production (1995)

The high-temperature behaviour of various mould materials and coatings was studied by subjecting to cychc temperature changes in oxidizing atmosphere and to contact with a soda-lime-sihca glass melt at 1050°C. In a cyclic immersion test the influence of the type of mould material, type of coating, surface roughness and of temperature on the tendency of sticking to the glass melt was investigated. In the base materials the corrosive attack mainly occurred along grain boundaries and in softer phases of the materials, starting from the surfaces. Defects in the moulded glass surfaces, worn-off particles from the moulds and microcracks due to adhesion were found to depend on the type of oxide layer formed on the mould surface. Some ceramic nitride PVD films proved highly resistant to oxidation and abrasion, and caused no detectable damage of the glass. The sticking behaviour of the glass to the various mould materials was investigated by measuring the separation forces. They were found to increase exponentially with temperature up to permanent adhesion. All of the mould materials investigated showed the same dependency of separation forces on temperature. Only in the case of a specific coating containing boron nitride a shift to distinctly higher temperatures was observed.
Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fractures: Current Concepts (2009)

Intramedullary nailing is the preferred method for treating fractures of the femoral shaft. The piriformis fossa and greater trochanter are viable starting points for antegrade nailing. Alternatively, retrograde nailing may be performed. Each option has relative advantages, disadvantages, and indications. Patient positioning can affect the relative ease of intramedullary nailing and the incidence of malalignment. The timing of femoral intramedullary nailing as well as the use of reaming must be tailored to each patient to avoid systemic complications. Associated comorbidities, the body habitus, and associated injuries should be considered when determining the starting point, optimal patient positioning for nailing, whether to use reduction aids as well as which to use, and any modifications of standard technique. Intramedullary nailing of diaphyseal femur fractures provides a stable fixation construct that can be applied using indirect reduction techniques. This method yields high union rates and low complication rates when vigilance is maintained during preoperative planning, the surgical procedure, and the postoperative period.
[Relationship between osteopontin expression and autoimmune disease--analysis of osteopontin expressed in transgenic mice]. (1998)

Osteopontin (OPN) has an adhesive recognition sequence such as Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptide and is known to be secreted by activated T cells. The concentration of serum OPN protein is elevated in autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr mice as well as SLE patients. Previously it was shown that CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) T lymphocytes, a major T cell population in MRL-lpr mice, expressed OPN mRNA. Moreover, OPN induced the polyclonal activation of B cells, resulting in the augmented production of immunoglobulin. To analyze the role of OPN in immune system and in autoimmune diseases specifically, we have generated transgenic mice which express OPN. In the transgenic mice, B1 cell population in peritoneal cavity was markedly increased and titer of IgM and IgG3 antibodies in the serum was considerably higher than that in wild type. Most importantly, the titer of IgM anti-double-stranded and single-stranded DNA was significantly elevated in the transgenic mice. These results strongly suggest that OPN may have an important role in propagation and differentiation of B1 cells and production of autoantibodies.
An Agent-Based Approach for Sourcing Business Rules in Supply Chain Management (2005)

In recent years, business rule management has become an important component of enterprise information systems. Business rules represent guidelines about how an enterprise should conduct its business and provide better service for customers. Business rules are being widely deployed in supply chains to support real-time decision making. The research reported in this paper is aimed at designing a dynamically adaptable data-sourcing service for deploying business rules effectively in supply chain management. Such a data-sourcing service is important since execution of business rules requires data to be retrieved from various data sources spread across the enterprise, including the enterprise data warehouse. We propose a semantics-based approach to implement the data-sourcing service for business rules. Our approach captures semantics of business rules and provides an agent-enabled mechanism that dynamically maps business rules to the enterprise data model. A prototype system is implemented to illustrate our sourcing service and demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.
Naturally Occurring Antioxidants (1997)

Autooxidizable Substances: Weathering Oxidation and Autooxidation Autooxidation Mechanisms Free Radical Chain Reactions Singlet Oxygen-Induced Reactions Other Mechanisms of Oxidative Damage in Cells and Tissues Quenching and Scavenging of Reactive Species Radical Scavenging and Redox Potential Metal Complexation and Inhibition of Radical Reactions Quenching of Singlet Oxygen Destruction of Peroxides Synergistic Mechanisms Kinetics and Mechanisms of Inhibited Autooxidation Kinetics of Autooxidation in the Absence of Inhibitors Autooxidation in the Presence of Inhibitors Phenolic and Enolic Antioxidants Redox Reactions of Phenols Reactions of Phenols with Oxidizing Free Radicals Reactions of Phenols with Singlet Oxygen Classes of Phenolic and Enolic Antioxidants Nitrogenous Antioxidants Uric Acid and Other Purines Amino Acid and Peptide Derivatives Alkaloids and Related Compounds Tetrapyrroles Other Nitrogen Compounds Sulfur-Containing Antioxidants Glutathione and Other Amino Acid Derivatives Lipoic Acid and Related Sulfides and Polysulfides Carotenoids and Related Polyenes b-Carotene Oxygen-Containing Carotenoids Retinol and Derivatives Index
Plant‐available soil phosphorus. Part II: the response of arable crops to Olsen P on a sandy clay loam and a silty clay loam (2012)

Abstract The increasing cost of fertilizer has prompted farmers to ask whether soils could be maintained at lower levels of plant‐available phosphorus (Olsen P) than currently recommended, without limiting yield. To help answer this question, critical levels of Olsen P have been determined for spring barley, winter wheat, potatoes and sugar beet grown on a sandy clay loam and a poorly structured heavy textured silty clay loam. On each soil, there were plots with a range of well‐established levels of Olsen P and, in one experiment, two levels of soil organic matter (SOM). For each crop and each year, the response curve relating yield to Olsen P was fitted statistically to determine the asymptotic yield and the Olsen P associated with 98% of that yield, that is, the critical Olsen P. Maximum yield of all four crops varied greatly from year to year, in part due to applied nitrogen (N) where it was tested, and in part to seasonal variation in weather, mainly rainfall. The wide range in critical Olsen P, from 8 to 36 mg/kg, between years was most probably as a result of differences in soil conditions that affected root growth and thus acquisition of available soil phosphorus (P). Generally, a larger asymptotic yield was not necessarily associated with a larger critical Olsen P. Spring barley and winter wheat given little N required more Olsen P, 20–34 mg/kg, to achieve the asymptotic yield, compared to 10–17 mg/kg where ample N was given; presumably, more roots were needed to search the soil for the smaller amounts of available N and root growth is affected by the amount of plant‐available soil P. In a field experiment on one soil type, soil with little SOM required 2–3.5 times more Olsen P to produce the same yield as that on soil with more organic matter. Soil organic matter most probably improved soil structure and hence the ability of roots to grow and search for nutrients in field conditions because when these soils were cropped with ryegrass in controlled conditions in the glasshouse, the yields of grass were independent of SOM and there was the same critical Olsen P for both soils. Overall, the data confirm that, for these soil types, the current recommendations for Olsen P for arable crops in England, Wales and Northern Ireland are appropriate.
Elongational-flow-induced scission of DNA nanotubes in laminar flow (2010)

The length distributions of polymer fragments subjected to an elongational-flow-induced scission are profoundly affected by the fluid flow and the polymer bond strengths. In this paper, laminar elongational flow was used to induce chain scission of a series of circumference-programmed DNA nanotubes. The DNA nanotubes served as a model system for semiflexible polymers with tunable bond strength and cross-sectional geometry. The expected length distribution of fragmented DNA nanotubes was calculated from first principles by modeling the interplay between continuum hydrodynamic elongational flow and the molecular forces required to overstretch multiple DNA double helices. Our model has no-free parameters; the only inferred parameter is obtained from DNA mechanics literature, namely, the critical tension required to break a DNA duplex into two single-stranded DNA strands via the overstretching B-S DNA transition. The nanotube fragments were assayed with fluorescence microscopy at the single-molecule level and their lengths are in agreement with the scission theory.
Cybersecurity for Control Systems: A Process-Aware Perspective (2016)

Modern industrial control systems and other complex cyber-physical systems such as smart grid, unmanned vehicles, manufacturing plants, chemical plants, and nuclear reactors are complex interconnected systems with extensive cyber and physical components, necessitating robust cyber-security techniques. These systems are complex interconnected combinations of heterogeneous hardware and software components and include sensors, actuators, physical systems and processes being controlled or monitored, computational nodes, communication protocols, and controllers. Besides computing/communications/networking based cyber-attacks, CPS are vulnerable to process-aware attacks that aim to disrupt the proper functioning or hamper performance, efficiency, stability, and safety of the physical systems/processes of the CPS. By modifying the information flow or the computational behavior of the system, process-aware attacks can disrupt the functioning the CPS to thereby hamper the performance or stability of the overall system or its components. Increasing network connectivity of the computational nodes of a CPS facilitates the maintenance and on-demand reprogrammability of computational nodes, greatly reducing the operator workload. However, this increasing connectivity raises the potential for cyber-attacks that attempt unauthorized modifications of the run-time parameters or control logic in the computational nodes. Hence, to improve the assurance of CPS, it is vital to develop effective real-time attack monitoring and threat mitigation mechanisms.
The influence of dislocations on crystal growth (1949)

F. C. Frank, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1949, 5, 48 DOI: 10.1039/DF9490500048
Clinical significance of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer (2014)

Gastric cancer, one of the most common malignancies in the world, frequently reveals lymph node, peritoneum, and liver metastases. Most of gastric cancer patients present with lymph node metastasis when they were initially diagnosed or underwent surgical resection, which results in poor prognosis. Both the depth of tumor invasion and lymph node involvement are considered as the most important prognostic predictors of gastric cancer. Although extended lymphadenectomy was not considered a survival benefit procedure and was reported to be associated with high mortality and morbidity in two randomized controlled European trials, it showed significant superiority in terms of lower locoregional recurrence and disease related deaths compared to limited lymphadenectomy in a 15-year follow-up study. Almost all clinical investigators have reached a consensus that the predictive efficiency of the number of metastatic lymph nodes is far better than the extent of lymph node metastasis for the prognosis of gastric cancer worldwide, but other nodal metastatic classifications of gastric cancer have been proposed as alternatives to the number of metastatic lymph nodes for improving the predictive efficiency for patient prognosis. It is still controversial over whether the ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes is superior to the number of metastatic lymph nodes in prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer. Besides, the negative lymph node count has been increasingly recognized to be an important factor significantly associated with prognosis of gastric cancer.
Cell patterning through inkjet printing of one cell per droplet (2012)

The inkjet ejection technology used in printers has been adopted and research has been conducted on manufacturing artificial tissue by patterning cells through micronozzle ejection of small droplets containing multiple cells. However, stable injection of cells has proven difficult, owing to the frequent occurrence of nozzle clogging. In this paper, a piezoelectric inkjet head constructed with a glass capillary that enabled viewing of the nozzle section was developed, the movement of cells ejected from the nozzle tip was analyzed, and a method for stably ejecting cells was verified. A pull-push ejection method was compared with a push-pull ejection method regarding the voltage waveform applied to the piezoelectric element of the head. The push-pull method was found to be more suitable for stable ejection. Further, ejection of one cell per droplet was realized by detecting the position of the cell in the nozzle section and utilizing these position data. Thus, a method for more precise patterning of viable cells at desired position and number was established. This method is very useful and promising not only for biofabrication, 3D tissue construction, cell printing, but also for a number of biomedical application, such as bioMEMS, lab on a chip research field.
Molecular characterization of substrate-binding sites in the glutamate transporter family (2001)

Glutamate transporters are essential for terminating synaptic excitation and for maintaining extracellular glutamate concentrations below neurotoxic levels. These transporters also mediate a thermodynamically uncoupled chloride flux that is activated by two of the molecules that they transport - sodium and glutamate. Five eukaryotic glutamate transporters have been cloned and identified. They exhibit approximately 50% identity and this homology is even greater in the carboxyl terminal half, which is predicted to have an unusual topology. Determination of the topology shows that the carboxyl terminal part of the molecule contains several transmembrane domains that are separated by at least two re-entrant loops. In these structural elements, we have identified several conserved amino acid residues that play crucial roles in the interaction with the transporter substrates sodium, potassium and glutamate.