gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Escherichia coli cad</i> operon functions as a supplier of carbon dioxide (1994)

We examined the gene expression of the Escherichia coli cad operon, which consisted of the genes cadB and cadA (lysine decarboxylase), using cells possessing cadB-lacZ fusion gene. The cad operon was expressed when O2 was limited, and the expression was optimal at pH 6.3. The beta-galactosidase activity was lowered by the addition of sodium carbonate to the medium. The expression of the cad operon was reduced in cells containing the plasmid-encoding ornithine decarboxylase, which produced carbon dioxide, indicating that the gene expression of the cad operon was regulated by carbon dioxide (or its derivatives). It is known that the Krebs cycle is a major pathway for producing carbon dioxide, and that its activity is repressed when O2 is limited. Thus, our present results suggested that the physiological role of the cad operon is to supply carbon dioxide when its internal level is lowered under O2-limiting conditions at a low pH.
Transition Structures of the Ene Reactions of Cyclopropene (1997)

The transition structures for the ene reactions of cyclopropene with ethylene, propene, and cyclopropene have been located with ab initio molecular orbital calculations and the 6-31G* basis set and by DFT calculations with the Becke3LYP functional and the 6-31G* basis set. Several of the transition structures have also been located with CASSCF calculations. Energies of all stationary points were also evaluated with second-order Møller-Plesset theory using the RHF/6-31G* optimized geometry. The geometries of each transition structure and the energetics of each reaction are discussed and compared to the ene reaction of propene with ethylene. Calculations show that the cyclopropene ene reactions have much lower activation barriers than the propene-ethylene ene reaction, in agreement with experimental results. The transition structures have varying degrees of asynchronicity. The stabilities of the possible radical intermediates for each reaction are reflected in the geometries of the transition structures. The relief of strain in a cyclopropene, when acting as the enophile, accounts for the energetic differences in these reactions. The endo transition structure for the dimerization is lower in energy than the exo transition structure by 2.7 kcal/mol at the Becke3LYP/6-31G* + ZPE level of theory. Secondary orbital overlap of a CH bond of the enophile with the π-system at the central carbon of the ene is proposed to account for the preference for the endo transition structure. Barely stable diradical intermediates have been found for both endo and exo cyclopropene dimerization reactions, but it is likely that they are artifacts of the current level of theory.
Infection of K562 Cells with Influenza A Virus Increases Their Susceptibility to Natural Killer Lysis (1997)

Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in the natural immunity against tumor cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that infection of the NK-sensitive tumor cell line K562 with influenza A virus caused a substantial increase in lysis of up to sevenfold when compared to noninfected cells. Similar to NK cells, IL-2-activated killer cells exhibited higher lytic activity against virus-infected K562 cells. This effect of the virus correlated with the increase in the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on K562 cells. Changes in the susceptibility to NK lysis were accompanied by alterations, within minutes, in the cytoskeleton as detected by intracellular fluorescein fluorescence polarization measured on the Cellscan, a static cytometer. The possible role of iCAM-1 and the cytoskeleton in the cytotoxic response of NK cells is discussed.
Very Low-Noise ENG Amplifier System Using CMOS Technology (2006)

In this paper, we describe the design and testing of a system for recording electroneurographic signals (ENG) from a multielectrode nerve cuff (MEC). This device, which is an extension of the conventional nerve signal recording cuff, enables ENG to be classified by action potential velocity. In addition to electrical measurements, we provide preliminary in vitro data obtained from frogs that demonstrate the validity of the technique for the first time. Since typical ENG signals are extremely small, on the order of 1 1 microV, very low-noise, high-gain amplifiers are required. The ten-channel system we describe was realized in a 0.8 microm CMOS technology and detailed measured results are presented. The overall gain is 10 000 and the total input-referred root mean square (rms) noise in a bandwidth 1 Hz-5 kHZ is 291 nV. The active area is 12 mm(2) and the power consumption is 24 mW from +/-2.5 V power supplies.
Clinical Heterogeneity of Autosomal Recessive Spastic Paraplegias (1999)

Although autosomal recessive HSP represents a heterogeneous group of diseases, some phenotypes can be defined by analyzing a large group of patients. The fact that only one Algerian family was linked to chromosome 8 suggests that this is a rare localization even in kindreds with the same ethnic background. Linkage to chromosome 16 was found in 2 clinically diverse Portuguese kindreds, illustrating that this locus is also rare and may correspond to different phenotypes.
Dependency Forest for Statistical Machine Translation (2010)

PROSPERO CRD42016042364.
Potassium Hydroxide/Dimethyl Sulfoxide Promoted Intramolecular Cyclization for the Synthesis of Benzimidazol-2-ones (2011)

A new protocol for intramolecular N-arylations of ureas to form benzimidazol-2-ones has been developed. The cyclization reaction occurs in the presence of KOH and DMSO at close to ambient temperature. Under these conditions the yields are high and a wide range of functional groups are tolerated.
GPU-Based Implementation of Finite Element Method for Elasticity Using CUDA (2013)

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) has obtained great success in scientific computations for its tremendous computational horsepower and very high memory bandwidth. This paper discusses the way to accelerate the finite element method (FEM) for elasticity problem on NVIDIA GPUs using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), mainly including formation and solution of finite element equations. Multiple strategies for efficiently accessing global memory are introduced to achieve memory coalescing. Shared memory is utilized to reuse data for enhancing memory bandwidth efficiency. The numerical results show that GPU-accelerated finite element computation with using these optimizing strategies can achieve a speedup of around 10-20x to serial version for different element types.
Matching Q-ary Reed-Solomon codes with M-ary modulation (1997)

Reed-Solomon (RS) error-correcting codes are often proposed for communication systems requiring burst and/or erasure correction capabilities. In most cases, the modulation symbol size is fixed a priori. Therefore, the effective application of RS coding implies proper matching of the code symbol size with the modulation symbol size. Previous results have assumed that the RS codeword symbol size is an integer multiple of the modulation symbol size or have been based on simple approximations. In this paper, the exact symbol error probability with K-bit M-ary modulation symbols and q-bit RS codeword symbols is presented.
Walking Pattern Generation Using Quintic Spline Function Based on Human Motion Capture (2018)

In this paper, we propose a biped gait generation method based on human motion capture. The data of human waist are obtained through the motion capture system. Then we analyze the position, velocity and acceleration curve of the waist trajectory and obtain the relationship between the maximum speed of waist and step size. The quintic spline function is used to plan the waist joint trajectory of the robot. We also analyze the trajectory of the swinging foot. The process is divided into five stages and the spline parameters of each interpolation point are given by motion capture. Then we compare quintic spline method with LIPM interpolation, MPC and DCM. The advantages of quintic spline method are analyzed. This method is finally applied to our robot and achieve a very stable gait.
Modeling of glycine polymorphic and switching properties (2013)

Main results of the modeling and computational studies of two the most interesting non-centro-symmetric polymorphic glycine structures: β-glycine (space group P2 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ) and γ-glycine (space group P3 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), are presented in this work. These structures reveal piezoelectric and polar properties. But the value of polarization is not clear as well it's switching behaviour. In this work computational modelling of both glycine polymorphic crystal structures were performed using combined method with Local Density Approximation (LDA) first principle calculations of atomic optimized crystal structures on Linux cluster and with molecular semi-empirical PM3 calculations by HyperChem 8.0 This computational study is corroborated by measured nanoscale data obtained by atomic force and piezo-response force microscopy (AFM / PFM).
Large-Scale Synthesis of High-Quality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Catalytic Decomposition of Ethylene (2004)

High-quality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been synthesized over Fe−Mo/MgO catalyst by catalytic decomposition of ethylene at 800 °C. The produced carbon material primarily consists of a SWNT bundle with few defects and a very small amount of amorphous carbon coating. The diameter of an individual SWNT is in the range of 0.7−2.8 nm. The as-synthesized SWNTs have a high yield of over 550% relative to the weight of Fe−Mo metal in the Fe−Mo/MgO catalyst. Our results show that ethylene can be a very ideal carbon source for the synthesis of SWNTs. We suggest that catalytic decomposition of ethylene over Fe−Mo/MgO catalyst can promise a large-scale production of high-quality SWNTs.
Sex Differences in Androgen Responsiveness in the Rat Brain: Regional Differences in the Induction of Aromatase Activity (1996)

The transformation of testosterone (T) to estrogens in brain tissue by cytochrome P-450 aromatase is required for the expression of sexual behaviors in adult male rats. Androgens regulate aromatase activity in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), as well as in a reciprocally connected group of forebrain nuclei involved in the regulation of male sexual behaviors. The levels of aromatase in these nuclei are generally greater in males than in females due to sex differences in circulating androgen levels. However, the mechanism of enzyme induction also appears to be sexually dimorphic. The current experiments were undertaken: (1) to characterize and compare the kinetic properties of aromatase in male and female rats and (2) to study sex differences in the dose-response relationship between the administered doses of T and the induction of aromatase in microdissected brain regions. Saturation analysis of aromatase activity in the MPN, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), periventricular preoptic area (PVPOA), anterior hypothalamus (AH), and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) indicates that the greater aromatase activity observed in intact males reflects a sex difference in the maximal enzyme velocity, and not a sex difference in the apparent affinity of enzyme for substrate (Michaelis constant). The dose-response study of aromatase induction in the BNST, PVPOA, and VMN indicated a sex difference in aromatase activity over a range of circulating T levels varying from 0.3 to 35 ng/ml. No sex difference in inducible aromatase activity in AH was observed at any dose of T. The results of this study clearly demonstrate a sexually dimorphic effect of androgen action in the rat brain. Since T both regulates and is the substrate for aromatase in the brain, this sexual dimorphism is potentially an important limitation to the action of T in females and may relate to the enhanced expression of T-stimulated copulatory behavior in males compared to females.
Two novel psychrotolerant species, Bacillus psychrotolerans sp. nov. and Bacillus psychrodurans sp. nov., which contain ornithine in their cell walls (2002)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Effects of STX209 (Arbaclofen) on Neurobehavioral Function in Children and Adults with Fragile X Syndrome: A Randomized, Controlled, Phase 2 Trial (2012)

Research on animal models of fragile X syndrome suggests that STX209, a γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABA(B)) agonist, might improve neurobehavioral function in affected patients. We evaluated whether STX209 improves behavioral symptoms of fragile X syndrome in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 63 subjects (55 male), ages 6 to 39 years, with a full mutation in the FMR1 gene (>200 CGG triplet repeats). We found no difference from placebo on the primary endpoint, the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability (ABC-I) subscale. In the other analyses specified in the protocol, improvement was seen on the visual analog scale ratings of parent-nominated problem behaviors, with positive trends on multiple global measures. Post hoc analysis with the ABC-Social Avoidance scale, a newly validated scale for the assessment of fragile X syndrome, showed a significant beneficial treatment effect in the full study population. A post hoc subgroup of 27 subjects with more severe social impairment showed improvements on the Vineland II-Socialization raw score, on the ABC-Social Avoidance scale, and on all global measures. STX209 was well tolerated, with 8% incidences of sedation and of headache as the most frequent side effects. In this exploratory study, STX209 did not show a benefit on irritability in fragile X syndrome. Nonetheless, our results suggest that GABA(B) agonists have potential to improve social function and behavior in patients with fragile X syndrome.
Effect of Different Seed Solutions on the Morphology and Electrooptical Properties of ZnO Nanorods (2012)

The morphology and electrooptical properties of ZnO nanorods synthesized on monoethanolamine‐based seed layer and KOH‐based seed layer were compared. The seed solutions were prepared in monoethanolamine in 2‐methoxyethanol and potassium hydroxide in methanol, respectively. Zinc acetate dihydrate was as a common precursor in both solutions. The nanorod‐ZnOs were synthesized via the spin coating of two different seed solutions on silicon substrates followed by their hydrothermal growth. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and Raman studies revealed that the ZnO nanorods obtained from monoethanolamine‐based seed layer had fewer defects, better crystals, and better alignment than those realized via KOH‐based seed layer. However, the current‐voltage (I‐V) characteristics demonstrated better conductivity of the ZnO nanorods obtained via KOH‐based seed layer. The current measured in forward bias was 4 mA and 40 μ A for ZnO‐nanorods grown on KOH‐based seed layer and monoethanolamine‐based with the turn on voltage of approximately 1.5 V and 2.5 V, respectively, showing the feasibility of using both structures in optoelectric devices.
Targeting melanoma by small molecules: challenges ahead (2013)

Significant progress has been made in targeting melanoma using small molecule inhibitors, but challenges remain. Here we describe the history of screening approaches in melanoma and their limitations. We propose several approaches to refine our screening models to enhance the discovery process. It is hoped that this discussion will stimulate further improvements in our development of small molecules inhibitors for treatment of melanoma patients.
PERMANENT DEFORMATION LAW OF BITUMINOUS ROAD MIXES IN REPEATED TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION (1977)

The approach to predicting permanent deformation in asphalt pavements suggested by Romain and Barksdale is examined in detail with particular reference to its validity under controlled laboratory conditions as a preamble to applying the ideas in practice. Attention is given to the correct representation of stress by use of invariants and the careful planning of laboratory materials tests following a review of the relevant literature. Non-linear elastic analysis is required to estimate stresses under the high temperature conditions relevant to the permanent deformation problem. The results from pavement experiments including suitable instrumentation are compared with the predictions of permanent deformation carried out by various authors. A firm conclusion about the validity of the Romain/Barksdale approach is not considered possible on the evidence presented but the need for further work is indicated. /Author/
Realization of IO-Polymer-Components and Present State in Polymer Technology at HHI Berlin (1993)

Polymer technology shows the potential to fabricate and integrate the basic components of optical crossconnect elements which are important processing units in a future transparent optical network. The fabrication and characterisation of integrated optical polymer components and the present state in polymer technolgy at the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut in Berlin is presented.
Ustekinumab in psoriatic arthritis and related phenotypes (2018)

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthritis that commonly occurs with psoriasis and is attributed to genetic, immunologic and environmental factors. The T-helper (Th)-17 pathway and the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis have become prominent players in PsA and considerably increased our understanding of disease pathogenesis. In this review article, we will focus on the emerging role of IL-12/23 and its blockade, in the pathogenesis and management of PsA as well as of psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Ustekinumab, is a fully human monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 antibody that binds specifically to the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, primarily inhibiting downstream Th-17 signalling pathways. Ustekinumab produced consistent and sustained clinical efficacy in two phase III clinical trials in PsA, PSUMMIT-1 and PSUMMIT-2, with data out to 52 weeks, and no new safety signals. PSUMMIT-1 included patients with active PsA despite conventional therapy who were all naïve to anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents, whereas PSUMMIT-2 also included anti-TNF experienced patients. Similarly, ustekinumab produced consistent clinical efficacy in two phase III clinical trials in psoriasis, PHOENIX-1 and PHOENIX-2, and in both induction and maintenance of moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease, UNITI-1, UNITI-2 and IM-UNITI, without an increased safety signal. Currently, ustekinumab is used in the treatment of PsA following the failure of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and as an alternative to, or after failure of an anti-TNF agent.
Bit matrix multiplication in commodity processors (2008)

Registers in processors generally contain words or, with the addition of multimedia extensions, short vectors of subwords of bytes or 16-bit elements. In this paper, we view the contents of registers as vectors or matrices of individual bits. However, the facility to operate efficiently on the bit-level is generally lacking. A commodity processor usually only has logical and shift instructions and occasionally population count instructions. Perhaps the most powerful primitive bit-level operation is the bit matrix multiply (BMM) instruction, currently found only in supercomputers like Cray. This instruction multiplies two ntimesn bit matrices. In this paper, we show the power of BMM. We propose and analyze new processor instructions that implement simpler BMM primitive operations more suitable for a commodity processor. We show the impact of BMM on the performance of critical application kernels and discuss its hardware cost.
A RAM-based neural net with inhibitory weights and its application to recognising handwritten digits (2002)

A method for introducing inhibitory weights into RAM based nets has been developed. The inhibitory weights leads to a more robust net and much lower error rates can be obtained. In the paper we describe how the inhibition factors can be learned with a one shot learning scheme. The main strategy is to choose the inhibitory values so that they minimise the error-rate obtained in a crossvalidating test performed on the training set. The inhibition technique has been tested on the task of recognising handwritten digits. The results obtained match the best error rates reported in the literature.
How to Avoid Local Side Effects of Bladder Photodynamic Therapy: Impact of the Fluence Rate (2013)

Bladder photodynamic therapy at a low fluence rate minimizes side effects without hampering therapeutic efficacy.
Polymer microparticle arrays from electrodynamically focused microdroplet streams (2000)

We describe instrumentation for forming two-dimensional arrays of polymer microparticles produced from electrodynamically focused microdroplet streams. A single-stage linear quadrupole was used to focus droplets/particles onto silanated glass slides mounted on a computer-driven two-dimensional translation stage. Center-to-center position stability was on the order of 1 μm. Applications to molecular sorting with polymer particles as host carriers are discussed.
Skeletal growth of transgenic mice with elevated levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor-II. (1995)

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is a major factor produced by skeletal tissues. To evaluate endocrine effects of IGF-II on bone growth, we measured skeletal dimensions of 12-week-old transgenic mice harbouring fusion genes where a human IGF-II cDNA is transcriptionally controlled by rat phospheonolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) promoter sequences. Transgene expression in liver, kidney and intestine resulted in circulating IGF-II levels in transgenic mice which were 2-3-fold higher than in controls. Serum IGF-I concentrations of transgenic mice were lower than in controls. Body weight was not influenced by the expression of the IGF-II transgene. Only 1 out of 5 measurements taken from the radius was significantly affected by the presence of the transgene, while in 60 measurements taken from eight other bones there was no difference between transgenic mice and controls. Furthermore, serum levels of calcium and phosphate as well as alkaline phosphatase activity were not significantly altered in PEPCK-IGF-II transgenic mice. Our findings demonstrate that moderately increased levels of circulating IGF-II do not cause major changes in skeletal growth and turnover in mice. This may be due to a lack of activity of circulating IGF-II on bone growth or to physiological consequences of elevated IGF-II, like a reduction of circulating IGF-I or an increase in IGF binding proteins.