gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Persistent caching: an implementation technique for complex objects with object identity (1992)

Many recent complex object database systems support the concepts of object identity and object identifier. Following an object identifier to access the referenced object is called navigation operation and is an essential operation in dealing with complex objects. Navigation operation is a difficult operation to implement efficiently since every navigation operation inherently causes one disk access operation. A scheme to notably accelerate the navigation operation among a sea of complex objects, by increasing the effective number of objects in one disk page is proposed. The main concept of the presented technique is threefold. The first idea is to store a cached value within a complex object that is referencing another complex object. The second is that when the referenced object is to be updated the update propagation is delayed until the time when the cached value is referenced. The third is to utilize a hashed table on main memory to efficiently validate the consistency between the cached values and the original values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metabolic fate of an oral dose of 15N-labeled nitrate in humans: effect of diet supplementation with ascorbic acid. (1983)

The metabolic fate of a p.o. dose of 3.5 mmol 15N-labeled nitrate has been investigated in 12 healthy young adults. Samples of urine, saliva, plasma, and feces were collected over a period of 48 hr following administration of the dose. Subjects received either 60 mg of ascorbic acid, 2 g of ascorbic acid, or 2 g of sodium ascorbate per day. An average of 60% of the 15NO3- dose appeared in the urine as nitrate within 48 hr. Less than 0.1% appeared in the feces. The 15N label of nitrate was also found in the urine (3%) and feces (0.2%) in the form of ammonia or urea. The fate of the remaining 35% of the 15NO3- dose administered is unknown. No effect of ascorbic acid or sodium ascorbate on the nitrate and nitrite levels of plasma, saliva, urine, or feces was observed. A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the relationships between intake, plasma concentration, and urinary excretion of nitrate. The half-life of nitrate in the body was found to be approximately 5 hr, and its volume of distribution was about 30% of body weight. Daily endogenous biosynthesis of nitrate was estimated to be about 1 mmol/day.
Advanced accident research system based on a medical and engineering data in the metropolitan area of Florence (2013)

Abstract Background In the metropolitan area of Florence, 62% of major traumas involve powered two wheeler rider and pillion passengers, 10% cyclists, and 7% pedestrians. The urban and extra-urban areas are the most dangerous for the vulnerable road user. In-depth investigations are needed for assessing detailed information on road accidents. This type of study has been very limited in time frame in Italy, and completely absent in the Tuscan region. Consequently a study called “In-depth Study of road Accident in FlorencE” (In-SAFE) has been initiated. Methods A network between the Department of Mechanics and Industrial Technologies (University of Florence) and the Intensive Care Unit of the Emergency Department (Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence) was created with the aim of collecting information about the road accidents. The data collected includes: on-scene data, data coming from examination of the vehicles, kinematics and dynamic crash data, injuries, treatment, and injury mechanisms. Each injury is codified thorough the AIS score, localized by a three-dimensional human body model based on computer tomography slices, and the main scores are calculated. We then associate each injury with its cause and crash technical parameters. Finally, all the information is collected in the In-SAFE database. Results Patient mean age at the time of the accident was 34.6 years, and 80% were males. The ISS mean is 24.2 (SD 8.7) and the NISS mean is 33.6 (SD 10.5). The main road accident configurations are the “car-to-PTW” (25%) and “pedestrian run over” (17,9%). For the former, the main collision configuration is “head-on crash” (57%). Cyclists and PTW riders-and-pillions-passengers suffer serious injuries (AIS3+) mainly to the head and the thorax. The head (56.4%) and the lower extremities (12.7%) are the most frequently injured pedestrian body regions. Conclusions The aim of the project is to create an in-depth road accident study with special focus on the correlation between technical parameters and injuries. An in-depth investigation team was setup and is currently active in the metropolitan area of Florence. Twenty-eight serious road accidents involving twenty-nine ICU patients are studied. PTW users, cyclist and pedestrians are the most frequently involved in metropolitan accidents.
[Clinical significance of new classification of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms]. (2013)

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are a group of tumors derived from diffuse neuroendocrine cells of the digestive system. All GEP-NEN shave potential malignancy. According to the WHO classification (2010), GEP-NENs can be divided into well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). GEP-NEN scan be grouped into three grades: G1 , G2 and G3. The new WHO classification unifies the diagnostic terms and avoids the confusion of the nomenclature and classification of GEP-NENs,which is the foundation of clinical treatment and prognostic estimation.
Diode Lasers and Light Emitting Diodes Operating at Room Temperature with Wavelengths Above 3 Micrometers (2011)

Abstract : New family of the GaSb-based type-I quantum well (QW) diode lasers and light emitting diodes (LED) were designed and fabricated. World record parameters were demonstrated for all devices. Diode laser operate in continuous wave (CW) regime at room temperature (RT) up to 3.4 ).lm. More than 350 mW ofCW power was demonstrated for 3 J.lm emitting multimode lasers. Single spatial mode 3-3.2 J.lm diode lasers were developed. LEDs operate at wavelength above 4 J.lm at RT. Dual color mid-infrared LEDs were designed and fabricated. Metamorphic diode lasers grown onto GaSb substrates using compositionally graded buffers were designed and fabricated.
Dynamics and relaxation in interacting systems: Semigroup methods (1997)

The dynamical study of chemical systems whose evolution is governed by quantum mechanics can now be computed fairly effectively for small systems in which the evolution is entirely Hamiltonian. When such Hamiltonian systems interact with their environment, however, relaxation and dephasing terms are introduced into the evolution. To include the effect of these terms, several methods are in current use. This paper is devoted to an exposition, analysis, and several simple applications of the semigroup technique for dealing with these non-Hamiltonian evolution terms. We discuss the nature of the semigroup terms, how they arise and how they are applied, and some of their advantages and disadvantages compared to other methods including dissipation. Specific applications to three simple two-site problems are given.
Inductor-based ESD protection under CDM-like ESD stress conditions for RF applications (2008)

Charged device model (CDM) electrostatic discharge (ESD) stress is a major concern for inductor-based ESD protection strategies for RF circuits processed in advanced nano-CMOS technologies. The CDM robustness of such protection methodology is investigated in this paper based on very-fast transmission line pulse (VFTLP) measurements. Its applicability is discussed for future technologies and RF applications.
Targeting IL-6 by both passive or active immunization strategies prevents bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis (2014)

Our results support the relevance of targeting IL-6 in patients with early SSc since IL-6 is overexpressed in early stages of the disease. Targeting IL-6 by both passive and active immunization strategies prevented the development of bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis in mice. Our results highlight the therapeutic potential of active immunization against IL-6, which is a seductive alternative to passive immunization.
Anemia and Diabetes in the Absence of Nephropathy (2005)

Although only a small number of subjects in the group were overtly anemic, all subjects had an ongoing, small but significant decrease in Hb since presentation. This study of diabetic patients without nephropathy shows an expected increase in Epo production in response to lowering levels of Hb but without the expected reticulocyte response.
The Arithmetic Functions σ<sub> <i>k</i> </sub>(<i>n</i>), σ<sub> <i>k</i> </sub>*(<i>n</i>), <i>d<sub>k, m</sub>(n)</i> and <i>F<sub>k</sub>(n)</i> (2010)

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*PHDD: an efficient graph representation for floating point circuit verification (1997)

Data structures such as *BMDs, HDDs, and K*BMDs provide compact representations for functions which map Boolean vectors into integer values, but not floating point values. We propose a new data structure, called Multiplicative Power Hybrid Decision Diagrams (*PHDDs), to provide a compact representation for functions that map Boolean vectors into integer or floating point values. The size of the graph to represent the IEEE floating point encoding is linear with the word size. The complexity of floating point multiplication grows linearly with the word size. The complexity of floating point addition grows exponentially with the size of the exponent part, but linearly with the size of the mantissa part. We applied *PHDDs to verify integer multipliers and floating point multipliers before the rounding stage, based on a hierarchical verification approach. For integer multipliers, our results are at least 6 times faster than *BMDs. Previous attempts at verifying floating point multipliers required manual intervention. We verified floating point multipliers before the rounding stage automatically.
Improved Sequence-Based Speculation Techniques for Implementing Memory Consistency (2008)

This work presents BMW, a new design for speculative implementations of memory consistency models in shared-memory multiprocessors. BMW obtains the same performance as prior proposals, but achieves this performance while avoiding several undesirable attributes of prior proposals: non-scalable structures, per-word valid bits in the data cache, modifications to the cache coherence protocol, and global arbitration.\nBMW uses a read and write bit per cache block and a standard invalidation-based cache coherence protocol to perform conflict detection while speculating. While speculating, stores to block not in the cache are placed into a coalescing store buffer until those misses return. Stores are written speculatively to the primary cache, and non-speculative state is maintained by cleaning dirty blocks before being written speculatively. Speculative blocks are invalidated on abort and marked as non-speculative on commit. This organization allows for fast, local commits while avoiding a non-scalable store queue.
Coherency for multiprocessor virtual address caches (1987)

A multiprocessor cache memory system is described that supplies data to the processor based on virtual addresses, but maintains consistency in the main memory, both across caches and across virtual address spaces. Pages in the same or different address spaces may be mapped to share a single physical page. The same hardware is used for maintaining consistency both among caches and among virtual addresses. Three different notions of a cache "block" are defined: (1) the unit for transferring data to/from main storage, (2) the unit over which tag information is maintained, and (3) the unit over which consistency is maintained. The relation among these block sizes is explored, and it is shown that they can be optimized independently. It is shown that the use of large address blocks results in low overhead for the virtual address cache.
The Functional Performance of the BrainPort V100 Device in Persons who Are Profoundly Blind (2016)

Introduction This study was conducted to evaluate the functional performance of the BrainPort V100 device, an FDA-cleared sensory-substitution system, in persons who are profoundly blind (that is, have some or no light perception). Methods This was a prospective, single-arm, multicenter clinical investigation. Participants received 10 hours of device training and were required to use the device in their everyday environments for 1 year. Functional performance measures of object identification, orientation and mobility (O&M), and word identification were assessed at baseline, in post-device training, and at the 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month time points. Results Fifty-seven participants completed the study and used the device for 1 year. No device-related serious adverse events were reported, demonstrating that the risks associated with the BrainPort are minimal. Participants performed object recognition (91.2% success rate) and O&M (57.9% success rate) tasks beyond chance level. Discussion This study demonstrates that the BrainPort can be used safely and independently by persons who are blind. Participants with profound blindness can accomplish a set of tasks more successfully by using the BrainPort than without the device. Following initial training, performance on these tasks was maintained or improved over the course of 1 year. Implications for practitioners The BrainPort is a noninvasive and nonsurgical device that heightens functional independence for persons who are blind. The device presents users with more information about their environment than conventional assistive devices, and can enhance independence in performing activities of daily living.
Artificial leaf device for solar fuel production (2011)

Solar fuels, such as hydrogen gas produced from water and methanol produced from carbon dioxide reduction by artificial photosynthesis, have received considerable attention. In natural leaves the photosynthetic proteins are well-organized in the thylakoid membrane. To develop an artificial leaf device for solar low-carbon fuel production from CO2, a chlorophyll derivative chlorin-e6 (Chl-e6; photosensitizer), 1-carboxylundecanoyl-1'-methyl-4,4'-bipyrizinium bromide, iodide (CH3V(CH2)9COOH; the electron carrier) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) (the catalyst) immobilised onto a silica-gel-based thin layer chromatography plate (the Chl-V-FDH device) was investigated. From luminescence spectroscopy measurements, the photoexcited triplet state of Chl-e6 was quenched by the CH3V(CH2)9COOH moiety on the device, indicating the photoinduced electron transfer from the photoexcited triplet state of Chl-e6 to the CH3V(CH2)9COOH moiety. When the CO2-saturated sample solution containing NADPH (the electron donor) was flowed onto the Chl-V-FDH device under visible light irradiation, the formic acid concentration increased with increasing irradiation time.
Digital T/2 Nyquist filtering using recursive all-pass two-stage resampling filters for a wide range of selectable signalling rates (2003)

The design and implementation of a cost effective polyphase recursive resampling filter which affords very high resolution adjustable sample rate as required in high performacne modems are described. The filters perform the addressed tasks of root-raised-cos matched filtering and half bandwidth 2:1 resample filtering, as well as spectral phase equalization. The computational burden required to implement these filters is extremely low. Using the filters with a sampler which can be varied over an octave results in a modem with versatile variable bandwidth and sample rate options.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical regeneration of aged WO3 electrochromic cells (1977)

Continuously cycled display cells of evaporated WO3 on tin oxide show a progressive reduction in contrast with time. Partial restoration of the cells was observed when the WO3 was irradiated with uv, particularly if the cell was biased into the bleaching mode. The observed effect is consistent with optical depopulation and subsequent removal of trapped charge.
Inertial Measurement Unit using multigain accelerometer sensor and gyroscope sensor (2011)

The employment of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to measure the acceleration and angular rate in three axes is an important part of the navigation control system. The motion of an object (e.g. a rocket) has very wide range of acceleration at the forward axis. To obtain optimum sensitivities of all sensors, multigain accelerometer sensors should be looked into. For this a three axes accelerometer sensor (MMA7260Q) and three angular rate sensor (ADXRS150) on the three axes.
Stated Memory: East Germany and the Holocaust (2003)

Stated Memory: East Germany and the Holocaust investigates communist Germany's attempt to explain the Holocaust within a framework that was at once German and Marxist. The book probes the contradictions and self-deceptions arising from East Germany's official self-understanding as an enlightened, modern society in which Jewishness did not constitute difference or otherness. The study examines East German historiography of the Holocaust, including its reflection in schoolbooks; analyzes East German concentration camp memorials; discusses the situation of Jews who remained in East Germany; and surveys East German cinematic and literary responses to the Nazi murder of the Jews. The book shows that regardless of the sincerity of the individuals involved in constructing these various forms of memory, the state attempted to orchestrate Holocaust discourse for its own purposes. Thomas C. Fox is professor of German at the University of Alabama. He has written extensively on East German literature and the Holocaust.
The Nature and Value of Ecosystem Services: An Overview Highlighting Hydrologic Services (2007)

Ecosystem services, the benefits that people obtain from ecosystems, are a powerful lens through which to understand human relationships with the environment and to design environmental policy. The explicit inclusion of beneficiaries makes values intrinsic to ecosystem services; whether or not those values are monetized, the ecosystem services framework provides a way to assess trade-offs among alternative scenarios of resource use and land- and seascape change. We provide an overview of the ecosystem functions responsible for producing terrestrial hydrologic services and use this context to lay out a blueprint for a more general ecosystem service assessment. Other ecosystem services are addressed in our discussion of scale and trade-offs. We review valuation and policy tools useful for ecosystem service protection and provide several examples of land management using these tools. Throughout, we highlight avenues for research to advance the ecosystem services framework as an operational basis for policy decisions.
Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits (1997)

Ingredients. A Phenomenological Approach to Diode Lasers. Mirrors and Resonators for Diode Lasers. Gain and Current Relations. Dynamic Effects. Perturbation and Coupled--Mode Theory. Dielectric Waveguides. Photonic Integrated Circuits. Appendices. Index.
Particle Counter for Sediment Transport Studies (1981)

An acoustic instrument for the measurement of the mass transport of sand-sized sediment particles in laboratory and natural transport systems has been developed. The instrument consists of an electromechanical transducer for the detection of sediment particles entrained in a moving fluid (air or water) and an electronic circuit which counts the transient signals produced when particles impact the transducer. By virtue of the principle of detection, instrument response to fine-grained sediment (silt and clay) and low-density material is negligible. Laboratory tests and field experiment conducted in a sand-bedded stream demonstrate that the instrument responds systematically to the mass flux of particles and therefore is potentially useful for investigations of bedload transport. The instrument is best suited for studies of transport systems characterized by high transport rates and flow velocities and having well-sorted bed material.
Synthesis, X-ray Structure, Electrochemical, and EPR Studies of a Pentacoordinated Mn(II) Tetramethylcyclam Complex (2001)

The synthesis and full characterization of [(tmc)MnCl]·X (where tmc is 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and X is BPh4- or BF4-) are reported. The complex is of type I geometry. The manganese ion is pentacoordinated by the four tertiary nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle and one axial chloride. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data indicate that the oxidation state of the manganese ion is +II with S = 5/2. The EPR spectrum exhibits unusual signals, with the main derivative line at g = 3.7 and transitions at more than 900 mT. The cyclic voltammogram of this derivative consists of two reversible systems at +1.14 and +1.36 V vs SCE related by a chemical equilibrium attributed to an isomerization process.
Potentiation of the Antihypertensive Activity of Orally Administered Ovokinin, a Vasorelaxing Peptide Derived from Ovalbumin, by Emulsification in Egg Phosphatidylcholine (1995)

Ovokinin, a vasorelaxing octapeptide derived from ovalbumin, significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) when orally administered as an emulsion in 30% egg yolk at a dose of 25 mg/kg, this effect being larger than that of the peptide administered as a solution at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Egg phospholipid, especially phosphatidylcholine, showed essentially the same effect as egg yolk. However, egg neutral lipid was ineffective. Soybean phospholipid was less effective than egg phospholipid in potentiating the antihypertensive activity of ovokinin.
Circulating pump and flowmeter for kinetic reaction apparatus (1964)

Circulating pumps and flowmeters are two important units of circulating equipment used in investigations of the kinetics of reaction. The double-acting piston pump described is completely enclosed; its cylinder, its valves and the connecting tubing are made of glass, the piston of steel. The piston, suspended on a steel spring, is operated on an external magnetic coil fed by a square-wave generator. At resonance frequencies of 10-30 sec-1 the flow is constant (2000 cm3 min-1 at 1 torr delivery pressure, 1600 cm3 min-1 at 10 torr, 1200 cm3 min-1 at 20 torr). The flowmeter consists of a suitably counterweighted plate fitted to a horizontal bar, the whole being completely enclosed. In streaming gas, the plate deflects proportionally to the flow rate. The pressure drop caused by the meter remains below 1 torr. The whole of the device can be throughly flushed. The measuring range extends from 120 to 3000 cm3 min-1; accuracy is to ±10%. None of the components needs lubrication, nor are they liable to noticeable gas absorption.