gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extensive envelope heterogeneity of simian immunodeficiency virus in tissues from infected macaques (1994)

The extent of virus genetic variation within tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from two simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques was analyzed. The products of PCR amplification of two regions, region 1 (SIV V1 region) and region 2 (region corresponding to the human immunodeficiency virus V3 cysteine loop and part of the C3 region immediately downstream), of the SIV envelope were examined for single-stranded conformation polymorphism followed by sequence analysis of selected clones. The V1 region of the SIV envelope of viruses present within lymphoid tissues displayed extensive heterogeneity, while viral populations within the PBMC and brain appeared to be less variable. Region 2 heterogeneity in both animals was generally confined to three residues in a tissue-specific manner. In addition, virus from the brains of both animals appeared to be distinct compared with viruses present in other tissues and PBMC of the same animal, both in the pattern of PCR-single-stranded conformation polymorphism SCP and in the sequence of region 2. These studies revealed that the tissues of SIV-infected macaques were a reservoir for viral variants distinct from those seen in PBMC.
Characterization of the <i>Drosophila Methoprene</i> ‐tolerant gene product (2005)

Juvenile hormones (JHs) of insects are sesquiterpenoids that regulate a great diversity of processes in development and reproduction. As yet the molecular modes of action of JH are poorly understood. The Methoprene-tolerant (Met) gene of Drosophila melanogaster has been found to be responsible for resistance to a JH analogue (JHA) insecticide, methoprene. Previous studies on Met have implicated its involvement in JH signaling, although direct evidence is lacking. We have now examined the product of Met (MET) in terms of its binding to JH and ligand-dependent gene regulation. In vitro synthesized MET directly bound to JH III with high affinity (Kd = 5.3 +/- 1.5 nm, mean +/- SD), consistent with the physiological JH concentration. In transient transfection assays using Drosophila S2 cells the yeast GAL4-DNA binding domain fused to MET exerted JH- or JHA-dependent activation of a reporter gene. Activation of the reporter gene was highly JH- or JHA-specific with the order of effectiveness: JH III >> JH II > JH I > methoprene; compounds which are only structurally related to JH or JHA did not induce any activation. Localization of MET in the S2 cells was nuclear irrespective of the presence or absence of JH. These results suggest that MET may function as a JH-dependent transcription factor.
Transplanted Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Expressing a Dominant-Negative FGF Receptor Transgene Fail to Migrate<i>In Vivo</i> (1997)

The proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, precursors to myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the CNS, are controlled by a number of polypeptide growth factors in vitro. The requirement and roles for individual factors in vivo, however, are primarily unknown. We have used a cell transplantation approach to examine the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in oligodendrocyte development in vivo. A dominant-negative version of the FGF receptor-1 transgene was introduced into oligodendrocyte progenitors in vitro, generating cells that were nonresponsive to FGF but responsive to other mitogens. When transplanted into the brains of neonatal rats, mutant cells were unable to migrate and remained within the ventricles. These results suggest a role for FGF signaling in establishing a motile phenotype for oligodendrocyte progenitor cell migration in vivo and illustrate the utility of a somatic cell mutagenesis approach for the study of gene function during CNS development in vivo.
Interleukin‐17+CD8+ T Cells Are Enriched in the Joints of Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis and Correlate With Disease Activity and Joint Damage Progression (2014)

These results show, for the first time, that the PsA joint, but not the RA joint, is enriched for IL-17+CD8+ T cells. Moreover, the findings reveal that the levels of this T cell subset are correlated with disease activity measures and the radiographic erosion status after 2 years, suggesting a previously unrecognized contribution of these cells to the pathogenesis of PsA.
Enthalpy Increment Measurements from 4.5 to 318 K for Bismuth(cr). Thermodynamic Properties from 0 K to the Melting Point (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleEnthalpy Increment Measurements from 4.5 to 318 K for Bismuth(cr). Thermodynamic Properties from 0 K to the Melting PointDonald G. ArcherCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1995, 40, 4, 1015–1024Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/je00020a064RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Tolerance of Mice to Lipopolysaccharide is Correlated with Inhibition of Caspase-3-mediated Apoptosis in Mouse Liver Cells (2007)

Bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) often results in multiple organ failure. However, pre-exposure of mice to a sublethal dose of LPS renders the animal tolerant to a lethal dose of LPS. This study was designed to determine whether pre-exposure of a small dose of LPS was able to suppress apoptosis in mice when challenged with LPS in combination with D-galactosamine, and to investigate the expression changes of the apoptosis-associated molecules. The results showed that a characteristic apoptotic DNA fragmentation existed in mouse livers of the LPS-naive group, but not in control groups; and the mice of the LPS-naive group were all dead after 2 d. However, in the LPS-tolerance groups, both the lethal rate and apoptotic DNA fragmentation were suppressed after the mice were challenged with LPS/D-galactosamine, and the protection against the lethality and apoptotic reaction could be maintained for up to 7 d. In this period, significantly lower levels of caspase-3 and its mRNA appeared in LPS-tolerant groups compared to those of the LPS-naive group (P<0.05), and the caspase-3 activities gradually recovered as the observation was prolonged. Our findings suggest that LPS tolerance could suppress apoptosis in mouse liver cells, and the expression and activity of caspase-3 could be down-regulated.
Musical pitch perception with electrical stimulation of the cochlea (1997)

Studies were undertaken to investigate the ability of a user of the Nucleus multi-electrode cochlear implant to judge pitch in the context of musical intervals. The subject had qualified as a musical instrument tuner before he received his implant, and was able to judge the intervals between electrical sensations with neither training nor the guidance of familiar melodies. The procedures used were interval estimation, and interval production by the method of adjustment. The pitch of the electrical stimulation was controlled by varying the pulse repetition rate, the active electrode position, or two combinations of these parameters. Further studies employed sinusoidally amplitude modulated pulse trains with varying modulation frequency. The results showed that rate or modulation frequency could convey musical pitch information over a limited range (approximately two octaves). The data were directly comparable with the relationship between musical intervals and frequency for normal hearing. The pitch related to electrode place varied in accordance with the tonotopic organization of the cochlea, and also appeared to be able to support musical intervals. When both place and rate varied together, the place-related pitch was generally dominant. In all cases, the judgement of intervals tended to diverge from their acoustic counterparts as the intervals became larger.
Towards Semantic e-Science for Traditional Chinese Medicine (2007)

Semantic and knowledge-based techniques are suitable to knowledge-intensive disciplines like TCM. It's possible to build on-demand e-Science system for TCM based on existing semantic and knowledge-based techniques. The presented approach in the paper integrates heterogeneous distributed TCM databases and services, and provides scientists with semantically superior experience to support collaborative research in TCM discipline.
O PERFIL DE ATENÇÃO DOS ALUNOS NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: DIFERENÇAS ENTRE OS DISTINTOS MOMENTOS DA AULA NA LECCIONAÇÃO DE MODALIDADES DESPORTIVAS INDIVIDUAIS (2015)

Investigações recentes relevam a importância da análise do acto de ensinar e principlamente do estudo do pensamento do aluno, e em particular dos fatores que prendem a sua atenção nas aulas. A atenção dos alunos, considerada pela investigação como uma poderosa variável mediadora, porque é notória a sua influência no processo de enino-aprendizagem, bem como destaca a influência mútua existente entre o comportamento do professor, o comportamento do aluno e os resultados das aprendizagens.A aprendizagem de qualquer habilidade motora requer a selecção de informações que podem estar contidas no meio ambiente e/ou fornecidas pelo professor ou técnico. Para que esta informação seja retida, para posterior interpretação e possível armazenamento na memória de longa duração, o processo da atenção é fundamental.Deste modo, este trabalho, nasce da necessidade e interesse em estudarmos a relação entre os níveis de atenção dos alunos e a sua influência no sucesso escolar, verificando ainda se existem diferenças entre os distintos momentos da aula na leccionação de modalidades desportivas individuais.Santos (2009) através do seu estudo sobre a relação entre a atenção e o rendimento escolar nas aulas de Educação Física, conclui que, nas aulas de Educação Física, os alunos estão, substancialmente preocupados com o que estão a fazer, com o que vão fazer, ou com o que fizeram, embora muito menos, estão, também, com atenção à informação prestada pelo professor, ou pelos seus colegas, e estão, por vezes a pensar no que o seu professor e os seus colegas estão a fazer, representando o pensamento afetivo, o pensamento fora da tarefa e o pensamento noutras coisas, uma parte muito mais pequena da sua atenção. Objetivo: Detectar a existência (ou ausência) de factores “significativos” que distinguem a atenção na disciplina de Educação Física e a sua relação com as distintas modalidades individuais leccionadas na disciplina de Educação Física.
Demonstration of a TGF‐α‐EGF‐receptor autocrine loop and c‐myc protein over‐expression in papillary thyroid carcinomas (1993)

Autocrine growth stimulation has been identified in several types of human cancer. In the present study we wanted to establish whether autocrine stimulation of the epidermal-growth-factor receptor (EGF-r) by its ligand, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) occurs in thyroid neoplasia. We examined 190 fresh, frozen thyroid tissue samples from 70 patients by immunohistochemistry with antibodies to EGF-r, TGF-alpha, c-erbB-2 and c-myc. EGF-r expression was detected in 17 out of 19 papillary carcinomas, TGF-alpha expression in 10, and c-erbB-2 expression in 15. No papillary carcinoma expressed TGF-alpha without also expressing EGF-r. Concomitant expression of EGF-r, TGF-alpha and c-erbB-2 was seen in 7 papillary carcinomas. No EGF-r, TGF-alpha or c-erbB-2 immunopositivity was found in normal-appearing thyroid tissue (25 cases), whereas a few of the non-neoplastic lesions (colloid goitres and diffuse hyperplasias) expressed either EGF-r or TGF-alpha. c-myc expression was detectable in all tissue samples, and expression was invariably nuclear. Increased expression was observed in 10 out of 19 papillary carcinomas, and 8 of these also co-expressed EGF-r and TGF-alpha. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of TGF-alpha mRNA in tumour epithelium of TGF-alpha-immunopositive samples. The concomitant expression of EGF-r, TGF-alpha and TGF-alpha mRNA gives evidence for a TGF-alpha-EGF-r autocrine loop in thyroid papillary carcinomas. The increased c-myc expression may reflect the proliferative advantage of these tumours.
Rare earth scandate thin films by atomic layer deposition: effect of the rare earth cation size (2010)

A series of amorphous REScO3 films was deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using rare earth (RE) β-diketonate precursors RE(thd)3 (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato) together with ozone in an attempt to study the effect of the RE3+ cation size on various film properties. A clear correlation between the deposition rate and the RE3+ cation radius was established. REScO3 films with a metal ratio RE : Sc close to the stoichiometric one, viz. RE : Sc = 1, and a small excess of oxygen were realized by adjusting the metal precursor pulsing ratio. Small amount of carbon was found as impurity in all the films, concentrations varying from 1–3 at% (RE = La, Gd or Dy) to 0.4–0.5 at% (RE = Er or Lu). Also the crystallization temperature and the resulting phase were affected by the RE3+ cation size. The REScO3 films were found to crystallize either as an orthorhombic perovskite phase or as a solid solution of the cubic C-type oxides. High crystallization temperatures of 800–900 °C were observed for LaScO3, GdScO3 and DyScO3. All the films gave smooth C–V curves with very small hysteresis (typically <35 mV). The highest dielectric constant (κ ≈ 24) was found for DyScO3. Also the leakage current densities were small, typically in a range of 10−6–10−9 A cm−2 at 1 V. The results confirm that REScO3 films deposited by ALD are potential candidates for new generation high-κ gate dielectrics.
An introduction to high performance laminates and the importance of using optimised chemical processes in PCB fabrication (2004)

With the ever increasing demands for high performance electronic devices there is a need for circuit board laminates that have enhanced properties when compared to conventional materials such as the widely used epoxide‐based FR4 laminates. Equipment manufacturers require boards with better mechanical stability and improved electrical characteristics. At the same time, new environmental legislation is set to drive electronics assembly temperatures much higher as manufacturers start to use lead‐free soldering processes. The legislation is also raising questions about the long‐term viability of brominated resins as the basis for imparting flame retardancy to laminates. Fortunately, laminate manufacturers have responded to these challenges by developing and introducing a wide range of new laminates that address these issues. This paper describes some of these challenges and gives an introduction to the new high performance laminates that are finding increasing use. It also highlights the need for chemical processes used in the manufacture of interconnects with laminates to be specifically optimised for the chosen substrate material.
Vitamin B12 in Relation to Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review (2019)

The triage theory posits that modest micronutrient deficiencies may induce reallocation of nutrients to processes necessary for immediate survival at the expense of long-term health. Neglected processes could in time contribute to the onset of age-related diseases, in which oxidative stress is believed to be a major factor. Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> (B12) appears to possess antioxidant properties. This review aims to summarise the potential antioxidant mechanisms of B12 and investigate B12 status in relation to oxidative stress markers. A systematic query-based search of PubMed was performed to identify eligible publications. The potential antioxidant properties of B12 include: (1) direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide; (2) indirect stimulation of ROS scavenging by preservation of glutathione; (3) modulation of cytokine and growth factor production to offer protection from immune response-induced oxidative stress; (4) reduction of homocysteine-induced oxidative stress; and (5) reduction of oxidative stress caused by advanced glycation end products. Some evidence appears to suggest that lower B12 status is related to increased pro-oxidant and decreased antioxidant status, both overall and for subclinically deficient individuals compared to those with normal B12 status. However, there is a lack of randomised controlled trials and prospective studies focusing specifically on the relation between B12 and oxidative stress in humans, resulting in a low strength of evidence. Further work is warranted.
Isolation and characterization of colonic tissue-bound antibodies from patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis (1978)

To determine if specific anticolon antibodies bound to colonic mucosa occur in ulcerative colitis, we obtained surgical specimens of colon from five patients with ulcerative colitis, one patient with diverticulitis, and three control subjects with carcinoma. Two specimens of ileum and cecum were also obtained from patients with Crohn ileocolitis. Tissue was homogenized and washed and bound Ig was eluted by citrate buffer, pH 3.2. Concentrated eluates of all specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis reacted with antisera to kappa and gamma and not with antisera to alpha and mu chains. Corresponding eluates from all other specimens did not react with these antisera, but did react with antialbumin. The presence of IgG in ulcerative colitis eluates was also determined by immunoelectrophoresis, immunocoprecipitation, and affinity chromatography with antisera against human IgG. Indirect immunofluorescence and uptake of radiolabeled antibody demonstrated antigenic sites in diseased colonic epithelium of biopsy specimens obtained from six additional patients with ulcerative colitis and three patients with idiopathic proctitis, but not in patients with Crohn disease, nonspecific diarrhea, and bacillary dysentery and control subjects. Although the role of colitis colon-bound antibody in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis is unclear, local antibody-antigen complexes may initiate colonic epithelial cytolysis by various immunologically mediated mechanisms.
Demonstration of the wide control range Q factor of ring cavity with ultrashort directional coupler and curved photonic-crystal ring waveguide (2012)

We extend the control range of the Q factor of a ring cavity that consists of a photonic crystal. The control range, which determines the storage time (high Q) and efficiency of input and output (low Q) of light, is required to be wide for the random-access memory of an optical pulse train. The conventional photonic-crystal ring cavity with a directional coupler and a hexagonal-shape ring waveguide has a very narrow range. We replace these components by a directional coupler having flat dispersion and a circularly curved ring waveguide. We experimentally varied the Q factor by thermal modulation of the device and achieved a control range between 1.9×103and 1.7×104.
Communication architecture for an unmanned merchant ship (2013)

Unmanned ships is an interesting proposal to implement slow steaming and saving fuel while avoiding that the crew has to stay on board for very long deep-sea passages. To maintain efficiency and safety, autonomy has to be implemented to enable the ship to operate without requiring the SCC to continuously control the ship. Communication between ship and a shore control center (SCC) is therefore critical for the unmanned ship and proper safety and security precautions are required, including sufficient redundancy and backup solutions. Communication systems should be able to supply at least 4 Megabits/second for full remote control from SCC, but reduced operation can be maintained at down to 125 kilobits/second. In autonomous mode, the required communication bandwidth will be very low. For an autonomous ship the higher bandwidth requirements are from ship to shore which is the opposite of the situation for normal ships. Cost and availability of communication is an issue. The use of technical and functional indexes will enable the SCC to monitor the status of the ship at minimum load on operators and on the communication systems. The security and integrity of information transfers is crucial and appropriate means must be taken to ensure failure tolerance and fail to safe properties of the system.
On Translation Algorithms in Residue Number Systems (1972)

This paper considers translation problems in residue number systems. The conversion from a fixed-base representation to a residue representation can be done using residue adders only; we show that relatively simple combinational logic can be used to replace one level of residue addition. In the reverse translation problem, we examine the conditions under which base extension can be used to compute the fixed-base digits from a residue code number, and we study the efficiency of the algorithm.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of the Optical Isomers of ( .+-. )-4-Amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-((4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-morpholinyl)methyl)benzamide (Mosapride). (1994)

The enantiomers, (S)-(-)-1 and (R)-(+)-1, of (+/-)-4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy- N-[[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-morpholinyl]methyl]benzamide (mosapride) [(+/-)-1], a new and selective gastroprokinetic agent, were prepared from optically active [4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-morpholinyl]methylamines (S)-(-)-4 and (R)-(+)-4, respectively. The requisite (S)-(-)-4 and (R)-(+)-4 were prepared by optical resolution of [4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-morpholinyl]methyl p-toluenesulfonate [(+/-)-5] using (-)- and (+)-N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)glutamic acids, followed by amination of the tosyloxy groups of (R)-(-)-5 and (S)-(+)-5, respectively. The absolute configurations of (R)-(-)-5 and (S)-(+)-5 were determined on the basis of an asymmetric synthesis of (R)-(-)-5 from (S)-(+)-benzyl glycidyl ether [(S)-(+)-11]. Mosapride and its enantiomers, (S)-(-)-1 and (R)-(+)-1, were essentially equipotent in serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonistic activity on the electrically evoked contractions in isolated guinea pig ileum.
Electro-optic phase modulation by polymer dispersed liquid crystals (1997)

We present a mathematical model to describe the optical phase shift induced by polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) on light impinging transversely on the sample. PDLCs are dispersions of liquid crystal microdroplets in a polymeric binder. Droplets appear as optically uniaxial spheres randomly oriented so that the material is optically isotropic. The application of an external electric field results in a reorientation of the liquid crystal and therefore in an electrically controllable optical uniaxicity of the material. The model is discussed by comparison with experimental data and with previous theory [F. Basile, F. Bloisi, L. Vicari, and F. Simoni, Phys. Rev. E 48, 432 (1993)].