gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Separation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 from 3-Epi-25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Human Serum by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Variable Prevalence of 3-Epi-25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Infants, Children, and Adults (2011)

To the Editor:

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is becoming increasingly popular for the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in human serum. A limitation of most LC-MS/MS methods is the potential interference from coeluting isomeric compounds having identical elemental composition but different structure, leading to overestimation of true 25(OH)D concentrations. Of particular interest is the C3 epimer of 25(OH)D, 3-epi-25(OH)D, which can be present at relatively high concentrations in sera from infants, but can also be found in sera from adults, albeit at lower concentrations (1, 2). To separate 3-epi-25(OH)D from 25(OH)D, current procedures require lengthy chromatographic run times varying from 12 to 40 min (3), which makes these methods unsuitable for clinical laboratories that must deal with increasing numbers of vitamin D requests.

We describe a modification of an established LC-MS/MS method for measurement of 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 (4) that allows fast separation of 25(OH)D3 from 3-epi-25(OH)D3 in human serum. Sample preparation, assay calibration, and instrument operation were carried out as described (4), with minor modifications. 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 were from Sigma Aldrich, and the internal standard …
Automated Detection of Working Area of Peripheral Blood Smears Using Mathematical Morphology (2002)

The paper presents a technique to automatically detect the working area of peripheral blood smears stained with May-Grünwuald Giemsa. The optimal area is defined as the well spread part of the smear. This zone starts when the erythrocytes stop overlapping (on the body film side) and finishes when the erythrocytes start losing their clear central zone (on the feather edge side). The approach yields a quick detection of this area in images scanned under low magnifying power (immersion objective x 25 or x 16). The algorithm consists of two stages. First, an image analysis procedure using mathematical morphology is applied for extracting the erythrocytes, the centers of erythrocytes and the erythrocytes with center. Second, the number of connected components from the three kinds of particles is counted and the coefficient of spreading rho(s) and the coefficient of overlapping rho(o) are calculated. The data from fourteen smears illustrate how the technique is used and its performance. Colour figures can be viewed on http://www.esacp.org/acp/2003/25-1/angulo.htm.
Experimental evaluation of image-based spectral analysis method for multi energy window photon counting x-ray CT (2008)

Photon counting spectral x-ray CT provides powerful techniques for analyzing various materials in-situ by utilizing multiple separate energy windows. In the recent few years, preliminary results of humans and animals which were scanned with such prototype systems have been shown. Although photon counting technology allows numerous separate energy windows, practical system design should consider and optimize the advantages of additional windows relative to the complexity, image quality and system’s cost. In this work we investigated experimentally intricate material differentiation with dedicated multi energy window spectral analysis method. Particular attention was given to the simultaneous presence of several mixtures and partial volume regions of different materials. These scenarios resemble complicated analyses in potential medical and pre-clinical applications. The results show that multi energy window setting has a great advantage over dual-energy setting especially where multiple material mixtures should be differentiated one from each other.
Lösungsverhalten und thermische Eigenschaften von Styrencopolymeren ungesättigter Phosphonsäuren (1980)

Abstract Styrencopolymere ungesättigter Phosphonsäuren liegen in Toluen assoziiert vor. Die Einführung von Phosphonsäuregruppen in die Polymere bewirkt eine ausgeprägte Erhöhung der Glasüberganstemperature. Als Ursache dieser Erhöhung werden das Auftreten von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen und die Ausbildung von Pyrophosphonsäuregruppen diskutiert.
Integrally cored ceramic investment casting mold fabricated by ceramic stereolithography (2008)

Superalloy airfoils are produced by investment casting (IC), which uses ceramic cores and wax patterns with ceramic shell molds. Hollow cored superalloy airfoils in a gas turbine engine are an example of complex IC parts. The complex internal hollow cavities of the airfoil are designed to conduct cooling air through one or more passageways. These complex internal passageways have been fabricated by a lost wax process requiring several processing steps; core preparation, injection molding for wax pattern, and dipping process for ceramic shell molds. Several steps generate problems such as high cost and decreased accuracy of the ceramic mold. For example, costly tooling and production delay are required to produce mold dies for complex cores and wax patterns used in injection molding, resulting in a big obstacle for prototypes and smaller production runs. Rather than using separate cores, patterns, and shell molds, it would be advantageous to directly produce a mold that has the casting cavity and the ceramic core by one process. Ceramic stereolithography (CerSLA) can be used to directly fabricate the integrally cored ceramic casting mold (ICCM). CerSLA builds ceramic green objects from CAD files from many thin liquid layers of powder in monomer, which are solidified by polymerization with a UV laser, thereby “writing” the design for each slice. This dissertation addresses the integrally cored casting ceramic mold (ICCM), the ceramic core with a ceramic mold shell in a single patternless construction, fabricated by ceramic stereolithography (CerSLA). CerSLA is considered as an alternative method to replace lost wax processes, for small production runs or designs too complex for conventional cores and patterns. The main topic is the development of methods to successfully fabricate an ICCM by CerSLA from refractory silica, as well as related issues. The related issues are the segregation of coarse fused silica powders in a layer, the degree of segregation parameter to prevent segregation, and sintering and cristobalite transformation in fused silica compacts.
Technology tracking of non manhattan VLSI layout (1989)

Improvements in IC technologies make existing layout libraries obsolete. In order to reuse these layouts, adaptation to the requirements of new technologies have to take place. In this paper a system is presented that automatizes this task using a locally two dimensional compaction algorithm. The system is able to handle arbitrary geometries and arbitrary technologies (including bipolar and mixed ones).
Helix-coil transformation and titration curve of poly-L-glutamic acid (1960)

Abstract The titration curve of poly-L-glutamic acid was studied in connection with the helix-coil transformation. In aqueous solution the transformation has its origin in the ionization of the polar group COOH in the side chain. Conversely the ionization and the titration curve of this molecule are affected by the change of the electrostatic interaction produced by its transformation. It is shown in this report that the experimental result, the titration curve and its modified plot, can be divided into three sections, that is, the ionization of the perfect helix, the region of the helix-coil transformation, and the ionization of the perfect coil.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation and Reactivity of Aza‐Oxyallyl Cationic Intermediates: Aza‐[4 + 3] Cycloaddition Reactions for Heterocycle Synthesis. (2011)

Abstract Computational and experimental data support that the title reaction proceeds through an aza‐oxyallylic cationic intermediate which is stabilized by the N‐alkoxy substituent.
Advances in Electromagnetic Launch Science and Technology and Its Applications (2009)

The U.S. continues a broad spectrum of research to provide the scientific underpinnings for electromagnetic launch. These efforts include fundamental research on materials, properties of materials subjected to electromagnetic and thermal stresses, railguns (particularly the rail-armature sliding interface), coilguns, and energy storage and power conditioning. There is also broad and growing interest in novel applications of electromagnetic launch. For example, a supersonic beam of neon atoms have been slowed and stopped, opening the door for investigating the atomic and molecular properties of most of the periodic table of atoms and certain molecules. Research is continuing on magnetic brakes and the more traditional research on the launch of materials to hypervelocities. More recently, the launching of materials into the Earth's orbit or even deeper in space is obtaining renewed interest. Consequently, some attention is being given to the types of materials of projectiles for hypersonic flight. The U.S. Navy has initiated new multidisciplinary university research teams including physics, chemistry, and materials science to develop new diagnostic tools and to provide a more detailed examination of the rail-armature interface. Most significantly, the U.S. Army has elevated its emphasis from electromagnetic launch science and technology development to the operational consequences of long-range precision fires. In concert with the recent U.S. Navy efforts on long-range fires, it is anticipated that the pull of these applications will enable even greater advances in the science and technology of electromagnetic launch.
Optimized nanospherical layered alternating metal-dielectric probes for optical sensing (2010)

Multishell nanospheres have been proposed as a class of layered alternating metal-dielectric probes (LAMPs) that can greatly enhance sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities of optical molecular imaging . Here we theoretically demonstrate that the interplasmonic coupling within these spheres and hence their spectral responses can be tuned by a rational selection of layer thicknesses. As a proof-of-concept, layered Mie theory calculations of near- and far-field characteristics followed by a genetic algorithm-based selection are presented for gold-silica, silver-silica and copper-silica LAMPs. The results demonstrate that the optical tunability available allows for design of application (excitation wavelength)-specific probes of different sizes. The tunability further increases with number of layers and within a particular allowable probe size provides for structures with distinct resonances at longer wavelengths. The concept of scaling internal field resonances is also shown theoretically and the range over which the magnitudes can be tuned are presented.
Preparation of<i>b</i>-Oriented MFI Films on Porous Stainless Steel Substrates (2005)

The preparation of smooth mesoporous silica layers on rough, porous stainless steel supports and the subsequent synthesis of well-intergrown b-oriented MFI films on these intermediate layers were investigated. Parameters such as surfactant−silica sol dilution, number of coating cycles, drying, and calcination were systematically varied to optimize mesoporous silica deposition results. Multiple slip- and aerosol-coating cycles with intermediate drying/calcination steps had to be employed to prepare mesoporous layers with adequate thickness and minimal cracking. b-Oriented MFI seed monolayers could be covalently attached to these mesoporous layers with high coverage using 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as the coupling agent. Sonication during the final step of seed deposition was found to be necessary to achieve high seed coverage and orientation. Finally, highly b-oriented and intergrown MFI films could be produced by secondary growth of b-oriented seed layers using trimer tetrapropylammonium iodide as the structure-directing agent.
Macroporous ZnO Films Electrochemically Prepared by Templating of Opal Films (2001)

Abstract Highly ordered macroporous ZnO films were electrodeposited using polystyrene colloidal crystals as templates. The films prepared at −1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl had the long-range order of pores reflecting the templates.
Forthroid on Android: A QR-code based information access system for smart phones (2011)

The Forthroid is a location-based system that “augments” physical objects with multimedia information and enables users to receive information about physical objects or request services related to physical objects. It employs computer-vision techniques and Quick Response codes (QR-codes). We have implemented a prototype on Android platforms and evaluated its performance with systems metrics and subjective tests. We discuss our findings and challenges in prototyping on Android OS. The analysis indicates that the network and the server are the main sources of delay, while the CPU load may vary depending on the specific Forthroid operation. The preliminary subjective test results suggest that users tolerate these delays and the offered services can be particularly useful.
Fallen Prince: William James Edwards, Black Education, and the Quest for Afro-American Nationality. (1991)

Journal Article Fallen Prince: William James Edwards, Black Education, and the Quest for Afro-American Nationality. By Donald P. Stone. (Snow Hill: Snow Hill, 1990. viii + 291 pp. $19.95.) Get access Lester C. Lamon Lester C. Lamon Indiana University, South Bend Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 78, Issue 1, June 1991, Pages 353–354, https://doi.org/10.2307/2078192 Published: 01 June 1991
Inhibition of angiopoietin‐2 in LuCaP 23.1 prostate cancer tumors decreases tumor growth and viability (2010)

Our results demonstrate that inhibiting angiopoietin-2 activity impedes angiogenesis and growth of LuCaP 23.1 PCa xenografts. Based on these data, we hypothesize that angiopoietin-2 inhibition in combination with other therapies may represent a potential therapy for patients with metastatic disease.
Comparison of three collection-preservation methods for detection of intestinal parasites (1981)

A study was designed to compare the effectiveness and time efficiency of three collection-preservation methods individually and grouped to form systems. Employees and members of their families of an agricultural grower in Hillsborough County, Fla., provided all fecal specimens used in the study. The 160 individuals participating were members of 64 families and represented a cross section of all job activity levels including management. Specimens were collected in Merthiolate/iodine/Formalin, Formalin (10% neutral buffered solution), and polyvinyl alcohol fixative. Parasites were found in the specimens from 39 (24.4%) of the 160 individuals participating, which represented 29.7% of the 64 families. No single method was effective in recovering all of the parasites found. When the methods were grouped to form diagnostic systems, the Merthiolate/iodine/Formalin system appeared to be more effective for parasite recovery as well as more time efficient than the Formalin/polyvinyl alcohol fixation system.
Controlled-atmosphere Storage of Sweet Basil (1998)

The effect of controlled atmospheres (CA) on the development of injury symptoms and storage life of sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) cuttings was assessed. Three-node basil stem cuttings were placed in micro-perforated low-density polyethylene packages and stored in the dark at 20 °C in a continuous stream of nitrogen containing the following percentages of O 2 /CO 2 :21/0 (air), 21/5, 21/10, 21/15, 21/20, 21/25, 0.5/0, 0.5/5, 1/0, 1.5/0, 2/0, 1/5, 1.5/5, 1.5/7.5, and 1.5/10. Cuttings stored in an atmosphere of <1% O 2 developed dark, water-soaked lesions on young tissue after only 3 days. Fifteen percent or more CO 2 caused brown spotting on all tissue. Sweet basil stored in 1.5% O 2 /0% CO 2 had an average shelf life of 45 days compared with 18 days for the air control. None of the CA combinations tested alleviated chilling injury symptoms induced by storage at 5 °C.
Structure and Interfacial Properties of Germanium Nanowires Grown on Titanium (2010)

Single-crystal germanium nanowires have been grown directly on amorphous titanium films using the vapor–liquid–solid method and studied using transmission electron microscopy. Forty nanometer wires are observed to grow only in the and directions and have a sharp metal–semiconductor interface to both the catalyst (Au) and the titanium substrate. They exhibit a defective base region comparable in size to the catalyst diameter terminated by a kink structure after which they are single crystalline. The physical characteristics of these nanowires are examined. A simple lithographic method to produce grids for rapid characterization is introduced.
Role of the <i>N</i>-terminus of glutathione in the action of yeast glyoxalase I (1982)

A number of S-substituted glutathiones and the corresponding N-substituted S-substituted analogues have been found to be linear competitive inhibitors of yeast glyoxalase I at 26 degrees C over the pH range 4.6-8.5. N-Acetylation of S-(p-bromobenzyl)glutathione weakens binding by 13.7-fold. N-benzoylation by 25.6-fold, N-trimethylacetylation by 53.3-fold and N-carbobenzoxylation by 7.8-fold, indicating a minor steric component in the binding at the N-site. The Ki-weakening effect of N-substitution of glutathione depends on the chemical nature of the S-substituent, indicating flexibility in the glutathione and/or glyoxalase I contributions to the binding site for glutathione derivatives. The effect of N-acylation on Ki is in accord with a charge interaction of the free enzyme with S-blocked glutathione in a region of reasonably high dielectric constant. There is a slight pH effect on Ki for S-(m-trifluoromethylbenzyl)glutathione but not for S-(p-bromobenzyl)glutathione.
Mitigating the impact of asynchronous ACKs on the performance of opportunistic network coding (2012)

Existing opportunistic network coding architectures relies on pseudobroadcast to deliver a coded packet to multiple receivers in a single transmission. In such situation, there is only one primary receiver who acknowledges the reception by synchronous MAC-layer acknowledgements (ACKs) and the other receivers receive it by overhearing and acknowledge the reception by asynchronous ACKs, which are usually piggybacked in outgoing data packets. This may cause a large amount of unnecessary retransmissions if asynchronous ACKs are dropped due to packet losses or they arrive late. Moreover, a large number of redundant retransmissions in IP layer easily cause congestion losses, especially under heavy traffic and thus compromise the throughput gain brought by network coding. In this paper, we propose a framework of joint optimal rate control and code selection (ORC) to mitigate the impact brought by asynchronous ACKs on opportunistic network coding in lossy wireless networks. The operation of ORC consists of two phases. In the first phase, we try to select a suitable transmission rate for the transmission of a coded packet. We formulate this rate control process as a Finite Horizon Markov Decision Process (FH-MDP). We define a metric, called coded packet transmission efficiency (CPTE), to measure the expected cumulative rewards and search the optimal rate control policy. In the second phase, based on the CPTE for a given coded packet, we propose a code selection policy to optimize the performance of opportunistic network coding. We demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed ORC framework by computer simulations.
A multicast-based distributed file system for the internet (1996)

JetFile is a file system designed with multicast as its distribution mechanism. The goal is to support a large number of clients in an environment such as the Internet where hosts are attached to both high and low speed networks, sometimes over long distances. JetFile is designed for reduced reliance on servers by allowing client-to-client updates using scalable reliable multicast. Clients on high speed networks prefetch large numbers of files. On low speed networks such as wireless, special caching policies are used to decrease file access latency. The prototype implementation of JetFile is on the JetStream gigabit local area network which provides hardware support for many multicast addresses. The multicast Internet backbone (Mbone) is the wide area testbed for JetFile.
Identification of a Lipopolysaccharide Binding Domain in CD14 between Amino Acids 57 and 64 (1995)

CD14 is a 55-kDa glycoprotein which binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and enables LPS-dependent responses in a variety of cells. Recent limited proteolysis studies have implicated a region in CD14 between amino acids 57 and 64 as being involved in LPS interaction. To specifically assess the importance of this region with respect to LPS binding, we constructed a mutant sCD14 (sCD14 delta 57-64) lacking amino acids 57-64. sCD14 delta 57-64 was isolated from the serum-free conditioned medium of this cell line, and, in all assays, the purified protein failed to recognize LPS or enable LPS-dependent responses in cells. We also demonstrated that the region between amino acids 57 and 64 is required for binding of a neutralizing CD14 mAb, MEM-18. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assays were used to demonstrate that MEM-18 and LPS compete for the same binding site on CD14. These data strongly suggest that the region spanning amino acids 57-64 binds LPS and that formation of sCD14.LPS complex is required in order for sCD14-mediated responses to occur.
Mutations, drift, and the influenza archipelago. (2004)

Extract: Annual influenza (flu) epidemics in humans affect 5-15% of the population, causing an estimated half million deaths worldwide per year. Antibodies against the viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) provide protective immunity to influenza virus infection and this protein is therefore the primary component of influenza vaccines. However, the antigenic structure of HA has changed significantly over time, a process known as antigenic drift. In as many years, antigenic drift necessitates an update of the influenza vaccine to ensure sufficient efficacy against newly emerging virus variants. Antigenic drift is therefore both the root cause of the enormous public health burden of influenza epidemics, and a primary reason why the virus is such a fascinating pathogen from a scientific perspective. Thousands of influenza viruses are isolated and analyzed each year by the national and international laboratories that form the World Health Organization (WHO) global influenza surveillance network. This worldwide surveillance effort produces the data for the twice-yearly vaccine strain selection meetings, and has resulted in the establishment of a remarkable historical record of the global evolution of this important pathogen. The degree to which immunity induced by one strain is effective against another is mostly dependent on the extent of the antigenic difference between the strains. The analysis of antigenic differences between strains is therefore critical for surveillance and vaccine strain selection, and is also a cornerstone of basic and applied research in virology.