gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary divergence of the plant elicitor peptides (Peps) and their receptors: interfamily incompatibility of perception but compatibility of downstream signalling (2015)

Plant elicitor peptides (Peps) are potent inducers of pattern-triggered immunity and amplify the immune response against diverse pathogens. Peps have been discovered and studied extensively in Arabidopsis and only recently orthologues in maize were also identified and characterized in more detail.Here, the presence of PROPEPs, the Pep precursors, and PEPRs, the Pep receptors, was investigated within the plant kingdom. PROPEPs and PEPRs were identified in most sequenced species of the angiosperms. The conservation and compatibility of the Pep-PEPR-system was analysed by using plants of two distantly related dicot families, Brassicaceae and Solanaceae, and a representative family of monocot plants, the Poaceae. All three plant families contain important crop plants, including maize, rice, tomato, potato, and canola. Peps were not recognized by species outside of their plant family of origin, apparently because of a divergence of the Pep sequences. Three family-specific Pep motifs were defined and the integration of such a motif into the Pep sequence of an unrelated Pep enabled its perception. Transient transformation of Nicotiana benthamiana with the coding sequences of the AtPEPR1 and ZmPEPR1a led to the recognition of Pep peptides of Brassicaceae or Poaceae origin, respectively, and to the proper activation of downstream signalling. It was concluded that signalling machinery downstream of the PEPRs is highly conserved whereas the leucine-rich repeat domains of the PEPRs co-evolved with the Peps, leading to distinct motifs and, with it, interfamily incompatibility.
Manipulation of Microbiome, a Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2014)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are featured by chronic intestinal inflammation, which is becoming increasingly prevalent in Western societies, and is spreading to the rest of the world. Although the etiology of IBD is poorly understood, it is widely accepted that several factors may be crucial, which includes genetics, diet and lifestyle, immunity, environment, and microbiota. In the past decade, huge advances have been made toward a better understanding of IBD, epitomized by far-reaching progress in the field of microbiome. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how changes in microbiota may affect the pathogenesis of IBD. Commensal bacteria, benign normally, are essentially opportunists that may readily take over, and potentially contributes to dysbiosis, which, in turn, promotes pathogenesis. Several pathogens, mainly Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, adherent invasive Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter, and Salmonella, have been shown to be associated with IBD, but the causality remains unproven. The microbiome comprises of not only bacteria, but also viruses, bacteriophages, and fungi. However, little is known as per the role of the latter. We highlight recent research on viruses, bacteriophages, and fungi in IBD. We also discuss the progress on manipulating the microflora to serve therapeutic purposes. The methodology for manipulating the microbiota covers fecal transplantation, pre-, pro-, syn- and post-biotics, helminth therapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophage, etc., which greatly enriches the arsenal against IBD. Manipulation of intestinal microbiome represents a promising type of therapy for IBD.
Violencia popular y retórica en Roma republicana: Argumentos compartidos y persuasión. (2019)

The present paper proposes the analysis of the episode of the secession to the Monte Sacro or the Aventino from a rhetorical-stylistic perspective of the texts and contexts that transmitted it (Cic. Brutus 54; Liv. Ab Vrbe Condita II.32; Dion. Hal., Hist. 6. 39.2; Plut., Cor. 5.1-4; 6.1-4 y 7-1-2). Our aim is to identify and differentiate the Latin and Greek versions, and to sustain the hypothesis that the officium oratoris (Cic. Or. 69) is linked to a genus dicendi vehemens when it comes to flectere minds; but the rhetorical function of sedare discordias goes beyond the vehemence and demarcates the absolute control of the audience through suaviloquentia.
Thermal degradation of saturated poly(methyl methacrylate) (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal degradation of saturated poly(methyl methacrylate)Lewis E. ManringCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 2, 528–530Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00180a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00180a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1058Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The contribution of the obturator nerve block in the transurethral resection of bladder tumors. (1995)

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of local block of the obturator nerve to avoid it's stimulation during transurethral resection (TUR) or tumors localised on the lateral bladder wall. Forty-five patients were studied, in whom the TUR operations were performed under spinal anaesthesia. The patients were divided into two groups: in the first group a local block of the obturator nerve was done, while the second group served as controls, and the stimulation of the nerve was avoided by reduction of the electrocoagulation voltage, incomplete bladder filling and resections of smaller ships. In the first group no stimulation was observed while in 5 patients of the second group was not possible to totally resect the tumor due to the persistent stimulation of the obturator nerve. In conclusion the local block of the obturator nerve is an effective method to avoid it's stimulation, easily performed and without complications.
S.E.A.L.: a query language for entity-association queries (2009)

The paper presents the S.E.A.L. query language and interpreter for entity-association queries that allows such queries to be expressed in a much simpler way than in SQL. S.E.A.L (Simplified Entity Association Language) also supports Entity-Attribute-Value (EAV) data structures, enabling users to write queries without having to know whether a particular attribute is a regular attribute or an EAV attribute. The language allows parts of a query to be omitted if they are implied by the rest of the query, and the interpreter will infer the missing requirements, or ask the user to resolve the ambiguity. S.E.A.L. makes it easier for users of databases, particularly science and eCommerce databases, to make use of the valuable information in their databases.
The Terroir of Cannabis: Terpene Metabolomics as a Tool to Understand Cannabis sativa Selections (2019)

The phytochemical diversity of <i>Cannabis</i> chemovars is not well understood, and many chemovars were created in informal breeding programs without records of parentage or the criteria for selection. Key criteria for selection sometimes included aroma notes and visual cues, which some breeders associated with pharmacological activity. We hypothesized that the process of selection for scents believed to be related to specific tetrahydrocannabinol levels has resulted in modified terpene biosynthesis in these chemovars. Thirty-two cannabinoids, 29 monoterpenes and 38 sesquiterpenes were measured in 33 chemovars from 5 licensed producers. A classification system based on cannabinoid content was used with targeted metabolomic tools to determine relationships in the phytochemistry. Three monoterpenes, limonene, <i>β</i>-myrcene, and <i>α</i>-pinene, and two sesquiterpenes, caryophyllene and humulene, were abundant in the majority of chemovars. Nine terpenes were present in tetrahydrocannabinol-dominant chemovars. Three monoterpenes and four sesquiterpenes were predominantly found in cannabidiol-containing chemovars. Low abundance terpenes may have been the aromatic cues identified by breeders. The medicinal activity of some of the terpenes is likely to contribute to the pharmacological effect of specific chemovars. Together, these data demonstrate the synergy of compounds in <i>Cannabis</i> chemovars and point to the need for additional research to understand the phytochemical complexity.
Vitamin D Receptor (<i>VDR</i>) and Group-Specific Component (<i>GC</i>, Vitamin D–Binding Protein) Polymorphisms in Myopia (2011)

Polymorphisms within VDR appear to be associated with low to moderate amounts of myopia in white subjects. Future studies should determine whether this finding can be replicated and should explore the biological significance of these variations with respect to myopia.
Pathogenicity of Miamiensis avidus (syn. Philasterides dicentrarchi), Pseudocohnilembus persalinus, Pseudocohnilembus hargisi and Uronema marinum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) (2008)

The scuticociliates Miamiensis avidus (syn. Philasterides dicentrarchi), Pseudocohnilembus persalinus, Pseudocohnilembus hargisi and Uronema marinum were cloned and identified using morphological characteristics and the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA). M. avidus strains YS1, WS1, YK1 and JJ3 from southern coastal areas and Jeju Island in Korea were pathogenic to olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (80 to 100% mortality in 8 to 10 g fish) when inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 1.0 to 1.4 x 10(6) ciliates fish(-1). Mortality was lower (10 to 45%) when the inoculum was 1.0 to 1.4 x 10(4) ciliates fish(-1) in the i.p.-injected group. The M. avidus strains of YS1, WS1, YK1 and JJ3 caused 60 to 100% mortality by immersion infection with 3.2 to 4.2 x 10(3) ml(-1) in 8 to 10 g fish and 3.0 to 4.0 x 10(3) ml(-1) in 30 to 40 g fish. M. avidus strain Mie0301 from the Mie prefecture in Japan caused 70% mortality by immersion infection with 4.4 x 10(3) ml(-1) in 30 to 40 g fish. The predominant sign was severe abdominal distension in i.p.-injected fish, and extensive ulcer lesions in the skeletal muscle in immersion-infected fish. Numerous ciliates were observed in the ascetic fluid, ulcers, haemorrhagic lesions, gills and brain of infected fish. However, P. persalinus (strain SCL-A), P. hargisi (strain SCL-B) and U. marinum (strain JK3) showed less than 30% mortality from both i.p. and immersion challenges, with no ciliate invasion in the skin, gills or brain. M. avidus-infected fish showed many ciliates in gills, fins, skin muscle, brain and intestine accompanied by necrosis and haemorrhages. However, no histological changes were observed in P. persalinus-, P. hargisi- or U. marinum-infected fish.
A typed higher-order calculus for querying XML databases (2008)

As the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is about to emerge as a new standard for databases, the problem of providing solid logical grounds for XML query languages arises. For the relational data model firstorder logic, i.e. the Relational Calculus turned out to be an intuitive basic approach to provide these foundations. For XML, however, it is necessary to deal with ordered trees. In this paper the problem is approached by viewing XML as a data model based on complex objects that are arranged in a class hierarchy. This results in the natural development of a higher-order type system for XML data, and henceforth a higher-order predicate typed logic, the XML calculus (XMLC). The paper presents the basics of the XML object model (XOM), the syntacs and semantics of XMLC, and discusses the expressiveness of the language by means of representative important query samples.
Spike pattern recognition by supervised classification in low dimensional embedding space (2016)

Epileptiform discharges in interictal electroencephalography (EEG) form the mainstay of epilepsy diagnosis and localization of seizure onset. Visual analysis is rater-dependent and time consuming, especially for long-term recordings, while computerized methods can provide efficiency in reviewing long EEG recordings. This paper presents a machine learning approach for automated detection of epileptiform discharges (spikes). The proposed method first detects spike patterns by calculating similarity to a coarse shape model of a spike waveform and then refines the results by identifying subtle differences between actual spikes and false detections. Pattern classification is performed using support vector machines in a low dimensional space on which the original waveforms are embedded by locality preserving projections. The automatic detection results are compared to experts' manual annotations (101 spikes) on a whole-night sleep EEG recording. The high sensitivity (97 %) and the low false positive rate (0.1 min<sup>-1</sup>), calculated by intra-patient cross-validation, highlight the potential of the method for automated interictal EEG assessment.
An object-oriented approach to schema integration and data mining in multiple databases (2002)

In this paper, an object-oriented (OO) framework for integrating heterogeneous database schemas for data mining is proposed. The framework is constructed on the basis of the attribute equivalence theory. The work is motivated by the observation that current data mining systems are best for knowledge discovery tasks in single databases. However, the rich sources of information provided by an increasingly large number of distributed and heterogeneous databases present an urgent need for effective and efficient mining systems that can operate on multiple databases. In our framework, OO techniques are used. The intention is to take advantage of features offered by the OO methodology. It is shown that they can be utilised effectively in the implementation.
Schottky barrier between 6H-SiC and graphite: Implications for metal/SiC contact formation (2006)

Using photoelectron spectroscopy we have determined the Schottky barrier between 6H-SiC(0001) and graphite layers grown by solid state graphitization. For n-type 6H-SiC(0001) we find a low Schottky barrier of ϕbn=0.3±0.1eV. For p-type SiC(0001) a rather large value of ϕbp=2.7±0.1eV was determined. It is proposed that these extreme values are likely to have an impact on the electrical behavior of metal/SiC contacts subjected to postdeposition anneals.
Gene Expression Profiling and Real-Time PCR Analyses Identify Novel Potential Cancer-Testis Antigens in Multiple Myeloma (2009)

Cancer-testis (CT) Ags are attractive targets for immunotherapeutic strategies since they are aberrantly expressed in malignant cells and not, or in limited number, in somatic tissues, except germ cells. To identify novel CT genes in multiple myeloma, we used Affymetrix HG-U133 gene expression profiles of 5 testis, 64 primary multiple myeloma cells (MMC), and 24 normal tissue samples. A 5-filter method was developed to keep known CT genes while deleting non-CT genes. Starting from 44,928 probe sets, including probe sets for 18 previously described CT genes, we have obtained 82 genes expressed in MMC and testis and not detected in more than 6 normal tissue samples. This list includes 14 of the 18 known CT genes and 68 novel putative CT genes. Real-time RT-PCR was performed for 34 genes in 12 normal tissue samples, 5 MMC samples, and one sample of five pooled testes. It has validated the CT status of 23 of 34 genes (67%). We found one novel "testis-restricted" gene (TEX14, expression in testis and tumor only), eight "tissue-restricted" (mRNA detected in one or two nongametogenic tissues), and seven "differentially expressed" (mRNA detected in three to six nongametogenic tissues) CT genes. Further studies are warranted to determine the immunogenicity of these novel CT Ag candidates.
Inhibition of butter oxidation by some phenolics (2007)

Abstract The ability of some phenolic compounds to inhibit butter oxidation was evaluated. Peroxide values and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were monitored during storage of butter at 50 °C and at 110 °C. Gallic acid, caffeic acid and catechin, each at 80 mg/L, inhibited butter oxidation at 50 °C to a degree equal to that of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) at 200 mg/L. Gallic acid, at 80 mg/L, was more effective than BHA, at 200 mg/L, in inhibiting butter oxidation at 110 °C. Present results indicate that some phenolics, and especially gallic acid, may be taken into account as antioxidants in butter.
Efficient Segmentation by Sparse Pixel Classification (2008)

Segmentation methods based on pixel classification are powerful but often slow. We introduce two general algorithms, based on sparse classification, for optimizing the computation while still obtaining accurate segmentations. The computational costs of the algorithms are derived, and they are demonstrated on real 3-D magnetic resonance imaging and 2-D radiograph data. We show that each algorithm is optimal for specific tasks, and that both algorithms allow a speedup of one or more orders of magnitude on typical segmentation tasks.
Sodium Iodide Symporter for Nuclear Molecular Imaging and Gene Therapy: From Bedside to Bench and Back (2012)

Molecular imaging, defined as the visual representation, characterization and quantification of biological processes at the cellular and subcellular levels within intact living organisms, can be obtained by various imaging technologies, including nuclear imaging methods. Imaging of normal thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid cancer, and treatment of thyroid cancer with radioiodine rely on the expression of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in these cells. NIS is an intrinsic membrane protein with 13 transmembrane domains and it takes up iodide into the cytosol from the extracellular fluid. By transferring NIS function to various cells via gene transfer, the cells can be visualized with gamma or positron emitting radioisotopes such as Tc-99m, I-123, I-131, I-124 and F-18 tetrafluoroborate, which are accumulated by NIS. They can also be treated with beta- or alpha-emitting radionuclides, such as I-131, Re-186, Re-188 and At-211, which are also accumulated by NIS. This article demonstrates the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of NIS as a radionuclide-based reporter gene for trafficking cells and a therapeutic gene for treating cancers.
Rigid−Flexible Alternating Block Copolymers That Contain Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylene) Units of Defined Length as the Rigid Blocks (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTRigid−Flexible Alternating Block Copolymers That Contain Poly(p-phenylene) Units of Defined Length as the Rigid BlocksZachary R. Wagner, Timothy K. Roenigk, and Felix E. GoodsonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383 Cite this: Macromolecules 2001, 34, 17, 5740–5743Publication Date (Web):July 12, 2001Publication History Received6 March 2001Revised5 June 2001Published online12 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma010406bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma010406brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views389Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aromatic compounds,Copolymers,Materials,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Migration of an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patch causing massive hemothorax. (1996)

The automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is composed of shocking electrodes (patches or coils), sensing electrodes, and a generator implanted in the abdominal wall. A number of complications with defibrillators have been reported, including migration of the various components. We describe a patient in whom one of the patches, originally sutured extrapericardially, migrated in the right hemithorax and eroded into the ipsilateral lung. The resultant massive hemothorax necessitated urgent thoracotomy, patch removal, and hematoma evacuation. A hybrid implantable cardioverter-defibrillator system was created as a replacement to minimize surgery while protecting the patient from sudden death.
Incorporation of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Lipoarabinomannan into Macrophage Membrane Rafts Is a Prerequisite for the Phagosomal Maturation Block (2008)

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the key virulence factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis. During uptake of mycobacteria, LAM interacts with the cell membrane of the host macrophage and can be detected throughout the cell upon infection. LAM can inhibit phagosomal maturation as well as induce a proinflammatory response in bystander cells. The aim of this study was to investigate how LAM exerts its action on human macrophages. We show that LAM is incorporated into membrane rafts of the macrophage cell membrane via its glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor and that incorporation of mannose-capped LAM from M. tuberculosis results in reduced phagosomal maturation. This is dependent on successful insertion of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. LAM does not, however, induce the phagosomal maturation block through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, contradicting some previous suggestions.
Hierarchical recurrent networks for learning musical structure (2002)

Layered neural networks employing feedback links have been proposed for certain sequential pattern tasks in automatic music composition. A hierarchical version of this type of network is studied. The use of such a hierarchical neural network for modeling coarse and fine temporal structure in music is investigated. This network is trained on two classical waltzes and then used to generate novel waltzes. The generated waltzes contained both novel phrases and phrases from the original scores. They exhibit an overall structure which has been difficult to learn using conventional methods. It is argued that it is the synaptic links of artificial neural networks which allow them to learn the relationship between coarse and fine temporal structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>