gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long Term Dependence in Stock Returns (1996)

This paper investigates the presence of fractal dynamics in stock returns. We improve upon existing literature in two ways: i) instead of rescaled-range analysis, we use the more efficient semi- nonparametric procedure suggested by Geweke and Porter-Hudak (GPH, 1983), and ii) to ensure robustness, we apply the GPH test to a variety of aggregate and sectoral stock indices and individual companies' stock returns series at both daily and monthly frequencies. Our results indicate that fractal structure is not exhibited by stock indices, but it may characterize the behavior of some individual stock returns series.
20 GHz Band GaAs-FET Waveguide-Type Amplifier (2005)

Negative conductance reflection-type GaAs-FET amplifier was studied. Calculation showed a packaged GaAs-FET could be operated at high frequency than 20 GHz. An amplifier with 17 dB gain at 20 GHz was obtained using a packaged GaAs-FET mounted in waveguide circuit.
Human Epicardial Adipose Tissue Is a Source of Inflammatory Mediators (2003)

Epicardial adipose tissue is a source of several inflammatory mediators in high-risk cardiac patients. Plasma inflammatory biomarkers may not adequately reflect local tissue inflammation. Current therapies do not appear to eliminate local inflammatory signals in epicardial adipose tissue.
Profiling of Apoptotic Changes in Human Breast Cancer Cells Using SELDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Apoptosis is a key process in the response of tumours to chemotherapeutic agents. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in many tumor cells, while sparing most normal cells. Several chemotherapeutic drugs synergize with TRAIL in reducing tumor growth and inducing apoptosis. Because some tumour cells respond poorly to these treatments, biomarkers that predict clinical responsiveness are needed. This study used surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) to identify novel apoptotic markers in TRAIL and etoposide (T+E)-treated MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells and MCF-10A non-transformed breast cells. T+E induced apoptosis, increasing caspase-3 activity at 4-8h, in all cell lines. Protein profiles revealed two prominent peaks, m/z 10090 and 8560, which decreased significantly during apoptosis. Mass spectrometry sequencing of tryptic peptides identified these proteins as S100A6 (confirmed immunologically) and ubiquitin (confirmed against a purified standard), respectively. Caspase inhibition prevented the decrease in both proteins during T+E-induced apoptosis whereas proteasome inhibition combined with T+E further decreased ubiquitin, possibly by preventing its recycling. Using SELDI-TOF MS we have identified S100A6 and ubiquitin as potential protein markers of apoptosis. Further validation using patient samples is required to confirm their potential utility in monitoring the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs in inducing tumour cell apoptosis.
A SMA-actuated implantable system for delivery of liquid drugs (1996)

This paper describes the design of an implantable drug delivery system based on shape memory alloy actuators. First some solid drug delivery system designs are presented. Afterwards liquid drug delivery systems are discussed. The proposed operating principle is based on a precisely controlled, discontinuous release from a pressurised reservoir using a shape memory alloy actuated microvalve. The system is remotely powered and controlled using a transcutaneous transformer. A refilling possibility based on transcutaneous injections is also provided. The design aims at patients that need multiple injections per day over a long period of time. The current design could reduce the number of injections by a factor of 200; by further miniaturisation a reduction by a factor of 3000 can be obtained.
Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei DN‐114 001 plus yoghurt symbiosis (Actimel®), and reduction of Clostridium difficile toxins in the gut of patients receiving antibiotics and reduced risk of acute diarrhoea in patients receiving antibiotics pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 (2010)

Following an application from Danone Produits Frais France submitted pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of France, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to a fermented milk drink Actimel® containing Lactobacillus casei (Lc) DN-114 001 and reduction of the presence of Clostridium difficile toxins in the gut which reduces the incidence of acute diarrhoea. The Panel considers that the food constituent, Actimel®, which is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised. The Panel considers that reducing the risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhoea by reducing the presence of C. difficile toxins is a beneficial physiological effect. In total the applicant indicated seven publications on human studies, three unpublished human studies, eight published and one unpublished non-human studies to be pertinent for the claimed effect. In weighing the evidence, the Panel took into account that human and animal studies showed partial survival of Lc DN-114 001 during its gastrointestinal passage, that one human intervention study with Actimel® which showed a statistically significant risk reduction for CDAD had considerable limitations, that there were only limited data on the effect of Actimel® on the reduction C. difficile toxins (the risk factor) in humans, that one study which showed an inhibitory effect of Lc DN-114 001 on the growth of C. difficile in vitro does not predict the occurrence of an effect against C. difficile in humans, that five further human studies do not support the proposed mechanisms by which Actimel® could exert the claimed effect, and that the evidence provided from a further two animal and three in vitro studies does not establish that effects of Actimel® or Lc DN-114 001 in these model systems related to immune function and infection can predict the occurrence of such effects in humans. The Panel concludes that the evidence provided is insufficient to establish a cause and effect relationship between the consumption of Actimel® and a reduction of the risk of C. difficile diarrhoea by reducing the presence of C. difficile toxins.
Low-Power Helium Pulsed Arcjet (1999)

An electrothermal thruster that operates in a rapid-pulse mode at low power ( 85%of the initial stored energy is transferred to the arc in a unipolar pulse. The arc discharges occur in a cylindrical capillary upstream of a converging–diverging nozzle, and all of the energy additionoccurs in the subsonic region. Tests with heliumpropellant are conducted for two 20-deghalf-angle conicalnozzleswith area ratiosof 20 and230.Thrust levels from14 to 31mNaremeasured,andamaximumspeci c impulse of 313 s is achieved with 36% ef ciency at 119 W. A time-dependent, quasi-one-dimensional numerical model is developed to evaluate energy losses using a time-marching procedure, and comparisonwith experimental results is good. Heat transfer losses to the wall in the subsonic region are found to be the primary energy-loss mechanisms. Speci c impulse is strongly affected by wall temperature. Viscous effects become important as the speci c energy increases above 12 MJ/kg and the throat Reynolds number falls below 1 £ 103.
A subnanosecond clock cryogenic system for Josephson computers (1991)

Using Josephson chips maintained at 4.4 K by a closed-cycle 3-W desk-size refrigerator, the authors verified the correct operation of a 4-b Josephson microprocessor up to 1.1 GHz. Room temperature and liquid He temperature regions are connected with a 130-ps delay using I/O cables passing through sidewalls of a vacuum vessel. It is proposed that both semiconductor and Josephson devices can coexist on circuit boards that constitute the equivalent of a single board.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Outcome of endoscopic bladder transection (1995)

The results of our study suggests that endoscopic bladder transection produces only a transient symptomatic relief in a few of those patients who have failed to respond to pharmacological manipulations. We do not feel that its continued role is justified.
Scaffolding and completing genome assemblies in real-time with nanopore sequencing (2017)

Third generation sequencing technologies provide the opportunity to improve genome assemblies by generating long reads spanning most repeat sequences. However, current analysis methods require substantial amounts of sequence data and computational resources to overcome the high error rates. Furthermore, they can only perform analysis after sequencing has completed, resulting in either over-sequencing, or in a low quality assembly due to under-sequencing. Here we present npScarf, which can scaffold and complete short read assemblies while the long read sequencing run is in progress. It reports assembly metrics in real-time so the sequencing run can be terminated once an assembly of sufficient quality is obtained. In assembling four bacterial and one eukaryotic genomes, we show that npScarf can construct more complete and accurate assemblies while requiring less sequencing data and computational resources than existing methods. Our approach offers a time- and resource-effective strategy for completing short read assemblies.
A conductive channel size comparison of silicon dielectric and amorphous silicon antifuses (2002)

The physical size of an antifuse conductive channel is determined through the electrical characterization by using sidewall antifuse structures. The relationship of a programmed 'ON' antifuse conductive channel size as a function of the programming current is established for both metal-metal amorphous silicon antifuses and poly-poly nitride/oxide antifuses. The result shows that the metal amorphous silicon antifuse requires at least 6 times higher programming current than the silicon dielectric antifuse to reach the same conductive channel size with 2000 AA diameter. The programming current ratio for these two types of antifuses increases with increasing antifuse conductive channel size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monitoring manufacturing process yields, purity and stability of structural variants of PEGylated staphylokinase mutant SY161 by quantitative reverse‐phase chromatography (2003)

Staphylokinase variant SY161 is a recombinant mutant of the Staphylococcus aureus polypeptide staphylokinase (Sak), and is currently in human clinical trials as a thrombolytic agent. The 15 kDa single chain SY161 protein is expressed as a soluble cytoplasmic product in E. coli with a single cysteine inserted near the N-terminus. The protein as extracted from E. coli is a mixture of both monomeric and intermolecularly disulfide crosslinked species. To improve protein purification yields SY161 is sulfitolyzed during the early stages of production, preventing disulfide formation. The protein is later modified during manufacturing to incorporate a single 5 kDa polyethylene glycol group on the single sulfhydryl sidechain. We have developed and qualified a reverse-phase chromatographic method to quantitate SY161 during product manufacturing. We discuss the use of the assay during manufacturing development to monitor fermentation yields, the SY161 PEGylation reaction, and as an in-process manufacturing control assay. The assay has been applied as a product purity and identity release assay and is suitable for use in assessing product structural integrity during stability testing. The assay has a linear range of quantitation for SY161 from at least 0.15 to 16 micro g, and is-in addition capable of detecting and quantitating protein de-PEGylation events and host cell-derived protein contaminants.
The development of audio and video signal processing LSI for SD-DVC (1995)

The internal bus architecture for a consumer-use digital VCR is described. The system is optimized so that a system with a digital interface function can be easily constructed. This architecture has the flexibility for the other applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Specific inhibition of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV by a new synthetic inhibitor, L-thioprolylthiazolidine. (1991)

Dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV [EC 3.4.14.5] has been purified from various tissues of animals1~7) and microorganism.8>9)In spite of the wide distribution of the enzyme in organs of various mammals, its physiological roles are still unclear.To elucidate the physiological role of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV in organisms, the finding and uses of an inhibitor specific for the enzyme are very important.Dipeptidyl aminopeptidases IV were purified from porcine kidney and Flavobacterium meningosepticum.9)The enzyme activity was assayed using Gly-L-Pro-/?-naphthylamide(Gly-Pro-2-NNap) as a substrate.L-Thioprolylthiazolidine hydrochloride was synthesized
Leveraging long read sequencing from a single individual to provide a comprehensive resource for benchmarking variant calling methods (2015)

A high-confidence, comprehensive human variant set is critical in assessing accuracy of sequencing algorithms, which are crucial in precision medicine based on high-throughput sequencing. Although recent works have attempted to provide such a resource, they still do not encompass all major types of variants including structural variants (SVs). Thus, we leveraged the massive high-quality Sanger sequences from the HuRef genome to construct by far the most comprehensive gold set of a single individual, which was cross validated with deep Illumina sequencing, population datasets, and well-established algorithms. It was a necessary effort to completely reanalyze the HuRef genome as its previously published variants were mostly reported five years ago, suffering from compatibility, organization, and accuracy issues that prevent their direct use in benchmarking. Our extensive analysis and validation resulted in a gold set with high specificity and sensitivity. In contrast to the current gold sets of the NA12878 or HS1011 genomes, our gold set is the first that includes small variants, deletion SVs and insertion SVs up to a hundred thousand base-pairs. We demonstrate the utility of our HuRef gold set to benchmark several published SV detection tools.
Identification of Immune Responses Against Aldehyde-Modified Peptide Sequences in ApoB Associated With Cardiovascular Disease (2003)

We have characterized a large number of epitopes within the apoB-100 component of oxidized LDL that provoke an immune response in humans. These findings will make it possible to study the role of immune responses against specific sites in oxidized LDL and to determine whether these immune responses influence the risk for future cardiac events.
A Frequency Tripler Using a Subharmonic Mixer and Fundamental Cancellation (2009)

A new odd-order frequency multiplier topology is demonstrated in this work that uses a subharmonic mixer to realize a frequency tripler. A feedforward circuit is used for fundamental cancellation at the output and eliminates the need for filtering structures. For demonstrative purposes, and to validate the concept, a 1-3-GHz proof-of-concept frequency tripler circuit was fabricated. The tripler circuit achieved a measured output fundamental suppression of up to 30 dB below the third harmonic and a conversion gain of up to 3 dB. The circuit was implemented in CMOS 0.18-mum technology and the chip area was 0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including bonding pads.
Posterior Fixation of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Fractures Using DC Plates and Pedicle Screws (1991)

A prospective investigation of internal fixation of acute thoracic and lumbar spine fractures using pedicle screws and dynamic compression plates was performed. This article details the results of 23 patients who were followed for an average of 20 months. The indications for the procedure were an unstable fracture--dislocation below the eighth thoracic vertebra or low lumbar fractures that would be difficult to treat with conventional spinal implants. The patients were divided into three groups based on the fracture pattern and the level of the fracture. Group I consisted of fracture--dislocation injuries at the thoracic level and thoracolumbar junction. Group II patients sustained lumbar fracture--dislocations, and Group III contained lumbar burst fractures. Sagittal and coronal angles as well as anterior and posterior vertebral body height were measured at the injury level preoperatively, postoperatively, and at 3-month intervals. Statistical analysis of these angles demonstrated that Group I and III patients had significant correction of their relative kyphotic deformity after surgery; however, there were no differences in kyphotic angle at the 3-month interval. Despite this eventual return to preoperative angles, all patients except one developed solid fusion. There was no increase in neurologic deficit. One patient developed an asymptomatic pseudarthrosis demonstrated by breakage of both plates through unfilled screw holes at the motion segment. Other complications included one wound infection, one case of arachnoiditis after an intradural bone fragment was excised, and one dural tear created by a Kirschner wire, which did not result in a neurologic deficit or a cerebrospinal fluid leak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A New Carrier Current Transceiver I.C. (1982)

Everywhere around us, information is being exchanged between two or more points. Several methods are commonly used to convey this information, including optical, RF, ultrasonic, and hardwired links. Anyone who has made use of one of these techniques will certainly remember its limitations: optical links operate only by line of sight, RF links are restricted by numerous regulations, ultrasonic links are interrupted by walls, and hardwired links require the costly installation of signal-carrying lines. Another alternative, a close relative of the hardwired link, is carrier current communication-the exchange of data via pre-existing A.C. lines.
Molybdenum catalysts for allylic alkylation (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolybdenum catalysts for allylic alkylationBarry M. Trost and Mark LautensCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 20, 5543–5545Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00384a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00384a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1185Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<scp>To Hedge or Not to Hedge: Managing Demographic Risk in Life Insurance Companies</scp> (2006)

Abstract Demographic risk, i.e., the risk that life tables change in a nondeterministic way, is a serious threat to the financial stability of an insurance company having underwritten life insurance and annuity business. The inverse influence of changes in mortality laws on the market value of life insurance and annuity liabilities creates natural hedging opportunities. Within a realistically calibrated shareholder value (SHV) maximization framework, we analyze the implications of demographic risk on the optimal risk management mix (equity capital, asset allocation, and product policy) for a limited liability insurance company operating in a market with insolvency‐averse insurance buyers. Our results show that the utilization of natural hedging is optimal only if equity is scarce. Otherwise, hedging can even destroy SHV. A sensitivity analysis shows that a misspecification of demographic risk has severe consequences for both the insurer and the insured. This result highlights the importance of further research in the field of demographic risk.
A fast method for calibrating cosecant drive monochromators (1980)

Abstract A fast method for adjusting and calibrating cosecant drive monochromators is described. It is based directly on the analytical expression for the calibration curve as derived directly from the mechanical construction of the grating drive mechanism.
Oxidative stress and cardiac hypertrophy: a review (2012)

Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an adaptive response of the heart to pressure overload. It is a common pathological feature in the natural course of some major cardiovascular diseases, like, hypertension and myocardial infarction. Cardiac hypertrophy is strongly associated with an increased risk of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The complex and dynamic pathophysiological mechanisms of CH has been the focus of intense scientific investigation, in an effort to design preventive and curative strategies. Oxidative stress has been identified as one of the key contributing factors in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, evidences supporting the oxidative stress as a cause of cardiac hypertrophy with emphasis on mitochondrial oxidative stress and possible options for pharmacological interventions have been discussed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) also activate a broad variety of hypertrophy signaling kinases and transcription factors, like, MAP kinase, NF K-B, etc. In addition to profound alteration of cellular function, ROS modulate the extracellular matrix function, evidenced by increased interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. Translocator protein (TSPO) present in the outer mitochondrial membrane is known to be involved in oxidative stress and cardiovascular pathology. Recently, its role in cardiac hypertrophy has been reported by us. All these evidences strongly provide support to beneficial role of drugs which selectively interfere with the generation of free radicals or augment endogenous antioxidants in cardiac hypertrophy.
Molecular biomarkers and ablative therapies for Barrett’s esophagus (2012)

Barrett's esophagus is the major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic interventions that ablate Barrett's esophagus mucosa lead to replacement with a new squamous (neosquamous) mucosa, but it can be difficult to achieve complete ablation. Knowing whether cancer is less likely to develop in neosquamous mucosa or residual Barrett's esophagus after ablation is critical for determining the efficacy of treatment. This issue can be informed by assessing biomarkers that are associated with an increased risk of progression to adenocarcinoma. Although there are few postablation biomarker studies, evidence suggests that neosquamous mucosa may have a reduced risk of adenocarcinoma in patients who have been treated for dysplasia or cancer, but some patients who do not have complete eradication of nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus may still be at risk. Biomarkers could be used to optimize endoscopic surveillance strategies following ablation, but this needs to be assessed by clinical studies and economic modeling.