gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Update on Berberine in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2013)

Berberine (BBR), an active ingredient from nature plants, has demonstrated multiple biological activities and pharmacological effects in a series of metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The recent literature points out that BBR may be a potential drug for NAFLD in both experimental models and clinical trials. This review highlights important discoveries of BBR in this increasing disease and addresses the relevant targets of BBR on NAFLD which links to insulin pathway, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, gut environment, hepatic lipid transportation, among others. Developing nuanced understanding of the mechanisms will help to optimize more targeted and effective clinical application of BBR for NAFLD.
Design of an LTCC switch diplexer front-end module for GSM/DCS/PCS applications (2002)

This paper presents the results of an antenna switch/filter module integrating GSM/DCS/PCS diplexer functions and Rx/Tx antenna switching on a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. Although the RF front-end module (FEM) was configured for dual-band (GSM/DCS) applications, the high pass filter function was designed to operate in the PCS band as well. Harmonic filtering was included in the diplexer design, which reduced the filtering requirements for the power amplifier. The 50-ohm in/out FEM utilized GaAs PHEMT switches and associated bias passives surface mounted on the LTCC substrate. S-parameter characterization of the FEM demonstrated excellent insertion and return loss characteristics. For GSM, the return and insertion losses measured at 912 MHz were better than 28 dB and less than 1.7 dB, respectively. Similarly, for DCS applications, the return and insertion losses at 1.77 GHz were better than 19 dB and less than 1.5 dB, respectively. In both cases, the design approach yielded excellent agreement between measured and simulated results.
Substituent Effects on Fluorescent Properties of Imidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyridine-Based Compounds (1999)

Abstract In order to search for novel fluorescent organic compounds, 20 derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (1) were synthesized, and their fluorescent properties were studied. Though the parent compound 1 (λfl = 370.5 nm, Φ = 0.57 in ethanol) was in the liquid state at ambient temperature, 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (5), 2-(2-naphthyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (16), 7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (3), 7-methyl-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (12), and 7-methyl-2-(2-naphthyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (17) were found to give thermally stable solid compounds (mp 55—190 °C) without much affecting the fluorescent properties of the parent compound (λfl = 374—381 nm, Φ = 0.50—0.78 in ethanol). Among the 4′-substituted 2-phenyl derivatives, it was found that the introduction of the strong electron-donating amino and dimethylamino groups (2-(4-aminophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (7) and 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (8), respectively) caused marked red shift of their fluorescence (λfl = 445 and 446 nm, respectively, in ethanol), thus providing the way for tuning the fluorescence color of the IP derivatives. The observed red shift of the fluorescence of 7 and 8 was ascribed to the contribution of the excited intramolecular charge transfer state.
Separate and Unequal (2005)

Susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of several gram-negative and gram-positive species showed LY163892 to be more active than cefaclor and cephalexin. OXA-2, TEM-1, TEM-2, PSE-1, CEP-1, CARB-3 and SHV-1 beta-lactamases showed similar activity against LY163892 and cefaclor, whereas OXA-1 hydrolyzed the latter more rapidly. Organisms producing these beta-lactamases, but not TEM-2 and CEP-1, appeared to be more susceptible to LY163892 than cephalexin, although cephalexin proved to be more resistant to beta-lactamase activity. Strains producing TEM-2 and CEP-1 were resistant to LY163892, cefaclor and cephalexin.
Optimisation of bit rates, for digitally compressed television services, as functions of acceptable picture quality and picture complexity (2002)

This paper presents a method for determining the critical bit rate required for digitally compressed video sequences, as a function of subjective picture complexity, while acceptable subjective picture quality is maintained. The methods used for the subjective picture quality and subjective picture complexity assessments are presented. The results lead to a graphical method for determining the critical bit rate for a video sequence.
Stable and compact mounting scheme for > 1kW QCW diode laser stacks at 940nm (2008)

For the pumping of solid state lasers with high peak power pulses up to the TW range QCW diode laser stacks with pulse lengths between 200μs and 2ms are used. To realize long-term stable pump modules we already presented high power, high brightness 100W QCW diode laser bars [1] having a lateral aperture of 1.7mm only, a length of 4mm and a vertical divergence of 14° FWHM. Based on these we have developed a mounting scheme for stacks with > 1kW output power using these new kind of diode lasers. Due to the geometric dimensions of the chip we successfully realized a stack with a passive cooling scheme on both sides. Furthermore, we only used expansion matched materials such as CuW and Al2O3 ceramics, as well as AuSn solder processes for fixing the parts together. As a result the stack is very insensitive against environmental influences. Due to the small vertical divergence we were able to use fast axis collimators with large focal lengths, which relax the lens adjustment tolerances. At the conference we will present results for diode laser stacks with an output power of more than 1kW at duty-cycles up to 10% and an efficiency of about 50%. The beam parameter product for such diode laser stacks result in < 50mm•mrad for the vertical direction and in < 75mm•mrad for the lateral direction. These beam parameter values enable the coupling of the pump module to an optical fiber having a 1.2mm core diameter and a NA of 0.22. Furthermore, the low vertical fill factor of the stack radiation allows the combination of two stacks by beam deflection mirrors without significantly degrading beam quality, hence doubling the power coupled into the same fiber.
GIPC Is Recruited by APPL to Peripheral TrkA Endosomes and Regulates TrkA Trafficking and Signaling (2006)

GIPC is a PDZ protein located on peripheral endosomes that binds to the juxtamembrane region of the TrkA nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor and has been implicated in NGF signaling. We establish here that endogenous GIPC binds to the C terminus of APPL, a Rab5 binding protein, which is a marker for signaling endosomes. When PC12(615) cells are treated with either NGF or antibody agonists to activate TrkA, GIPC and APPL translocate from the cytoplasm and bind to incoming, endocytic vesicles carrying TrkA concentrated at the tips of the cell processes. GIPC, but not APPL, dissociates from these peripheral endosomes prior to or during their trafficking from the cell periphery to the juxtanuclear region, where they acquire EEA1. GIPC's interaction with APPL is essential for recruitment of GIPC to peripheral endosomes and for TrkA signaling, because a GIPC PDZ domain mutant that cannot bind APPL or APPL knockdown with small interfering RNA inhibits NGF-induced GIPC recruitment, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and neurite outgrowth. GIPC is also required for efficient endocytosis and trafficking of TrkA because depletion of GIPC slows down endocytosis and trafficking of TrkA and APPL to the early EEA1 endosomes in the juxtanuclear region. We conclude that GIPC, following its recruitment to TrkA by APPL, plays a key role in TrkA trafficking and signaling from endosomes.
Interaction of Nectin with Afadin Is Necessary for Its Clustering at Cell-Cell Contact Sites but Not for Itscis Dimerization or trans Interaction (2000)

We have recently found a novel functional unit of cell-cell adhesion at cadherin-based adherens junctions, consisting of at least nectin, a homophilic cell adhesion molecule, and afadin, an actin filament-binding protein, which connects nectin to the actin cytoskeleton. Here we studied a mechanism of cell-cell adhesion of the nectin-afadin system by use of a cadherin-deficient L cell line stably expressing the intact form of mouse nectin-2alpha, a truncated form of nectin-2alpha incapable of interacting with afadin (nectin-2alpha-DeltaC), or a point-mutated form of nectin-2alpha capable of interacting with afadin and a cadherin-expressing EL cell line, which transiently expressed the point-mutated form of nectin-2alpha. We found that the interaction of nectin-2alpha with afadin was necessary for their clustering at cell-cell contact sites. However, nectin-2alpha-DeltaC showed cis dimerization and trans interaction, both of which did not require the interaction of nectin-2alpha with afadin. We have previously shown in EL cells that the interaction of nectin-1 with afadin is necessary for its recruitment to adherens junctions. We found that the trans interaction of nectin-2alpha was furthermore necessary for this recruitment. On the basis of these observations, we propose a model for the mechanism of cell-cell adhesion of nectin and roles of afadin in this mechanism.
Wideband antenna array for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) applications (2014)

A wideband antenna array for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) applications is presented. The design is comprised of a ring array of TEM horns, and a monocone at the array's center. When the array is phased with the first order circular mode, it is isolated from the monocone. Thus, the array may be used in reception while the monocone is used in transmission, or vice versa. The array and monocone both produce quasi-omnidirectional patterns in the azimuthal planes. Simulations suggest that the design operates across an 8.4 : 1 bandwidth. This wide bandwidth is possible through the use of a novel capacitive feed employed in the TEM horn array.
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Two Methods of Securing Skin Grafts Using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (2014)

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has revolutionized the management of complicated wounds and has contributed an additional modality for securing split thickness skin grafts (STSG). The standard for NPWT is the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device. The authors' institution has accumulated experience using standard gauze sealed with an occlusive dressing and wall suction (GSUC) as their primary mode for NPWT. The authors report a randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of the GSUC vs the VAC in securing STSG. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 157 wounds in 104 patients requiring STSG from August 2009 to July 2012. All wounds were randomized to VAC or GSUC treatment and assessed for skin graft adherence/take. At postoperative day 4 or 5, NPWT was discontinued, and the size of the graft and any nonadherent areas were measured and recorded. Concomitant comorbidities, wound location, etiology, study failures, and reoperative rates were also reviewed. In all, 77 and 80 wounds were randomized to the GSUC and VAC study arms. Patient demographics were similar between both groups in terms of age, sex, comorbidities, etiology, and wound location. In all, 64 of 80 wounds in the GSUC group and 60 of 77 wounds in the VAC group had full take of the skin graft by postoperative day 4 or 5 (P = .80). The mean percent take in the GSUC group was 96.12% vs 96.21% in the VAC arm (P = .98). The use of NPWT in securing STSG is a useful method to promote adherence and healing. This study demonstrates that a low-cost, readily accessible system utilizing gauze dressings and wall suction (GSUC) results in comparable skin graft take in comparison to the VAC device.
Increasing the Directivity of Resonant Cavity Antennas with Nearfield Transformation Meta-Structure Realized with Stereolithograpy (2021)

A simple, nearfield transformation meta-structure is proposed to increase the directivity of resonant cavity antennas (RCA). The meta-structure is comprised of 14 × 14 meta-atoms or so called “unit-cells”, adding localized phase delays in the aperture of the RCA and thus increasing its broadside directivity. A prototype of the meta-structure is additively manufactured using the stereolithograpy process and has a profile of 0.56λ. With the meta-structure integrated with the RCA, it demonstrates a measured broadside directivity of 20.15 dBi without affecting its half-power directivity bandwidth. Benefiting from additive manufacturing, the proposed approach is a simple, light-weight, low-cost, and planar approach that can be tailored to achieve medium-to-high gains with RCAs.
Enhanced Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells after Long-Term Culture in the Presence of the Pure Antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (Faslodex)* (2001)

This paper describes the establishment of an antiestrogen-resistant MCF7 breast cancer cell subline (FASMCF) by continuous culture of the estrogen-responsive parental line in steroid-depleted, ICI 182,780 (Faslodex; 10(-7) M)-supplemented medium. After a 3-month period of growth suppression, cells began to proliferate in ICI 182,780 at rates similar to those of untreated wild-type cells. Immunocytochemistry showed these cells to have reduced estrogen receptor and an absence of progesterone receptor proteins. RT-PCR and transient transfection studies with estrogen response element-reporter constructs confirmed that ICI 182,780-suppressed estrogen response element-mediated signaling. FASMCF cells show increased dependence upon epidermal growth factor receptor (EgfR)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated signaling. Thus, EgfR protein and messenger RNA, growth responses to transforming growth factor-alpha, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 MAPK activation levels are all increased. Unlike wild-type cells, FASMCF cells are highly sensitive to growth inhibition by an EgfR-specific tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI), ZD1839 (Iressa), and an inhibitor of the activation of MEK1 (MAPKK), PD098059. Short-term ( approximately 3 weeks) withdrawal of cells from antiestrogen had no effect on growth or phenotype, whereas longer withdrawal (>10 weeks) appeared to partially reverse the cellular phenotype with increasing estrogen receptor and decreasing EgfR levels. In subsequent studies FASMCF cells were maintained in TKI, where their growth was again suppressed and secondary TKI resistance failed to develop within the 3-month period in which initial ICI 182,780 resistance arose. Furthermore, wild-type cells similarly maintained in combination ICI 182,780 and TKI treatment conditions remained growth arrested (>6 months), with notable cell loss through both reduced rates of cellular proliferation and increased cell death.
TCP-friendly Congestion Control for Real-time Streaming Applications (2000)

This paper introduces and analyzes a class of nonlinear congestion control algorithms called binomial algorithms, motivated in part by the needs of streaming audio and video applications for which a drastic reduction in transmission rate upon congestion is problematic. Binomial algorithms generalize TCP-style additive-increase by increasing inversely proportional to a power # of the current window (for TCP, # ##) ; they generalize TCP-style multiplicative-decrease by decreasing proportional to a power # of the current window (for TCP, # # #). We show that there are an infinite number of deployable TCP-friendly binomial algorithms, all of which satisfy # # # ##, and that all binomial algorithms converge to fairness under a synchronized-feedback assumption provided # # # # ## ## # #. Our simulation results show that binomial algorithms interact well with TCP across a RED gateway. We focus on two particular algorithms, IIAD (inverse-increase/additive-decrease, # ######) and SQRT (# # # # ###), showing that they are well-suited to applications that do not react well to large TCP-style window reductions. We also find that TCP-friendliness in terms of the relationship between throughput and loss rate of an algorithm does not necessarily imply fairness relative to TCP performance, especially for drop-tail bottleneck gateways.
On The Construction Of A Pitch Conversion System (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
Electronic properties of intercalation complexes of the transition metal dichalcogenides (1987)

Abstract Intercalation of the layer type transition metal dichalcogenides by a variety of organic molecules, alkali metals, or ‘3d’ transition metals, provides a powerful way to finely tune the electron occupation of the relatively narrow ‘d’ bands met in these solids. These transition metal dichalcogenides are highly anisotropic solids, sometimes referred to as ‘two-dimensional’ solids, and the intercalant molecules which are electron donors enter between the layers. This can result in profound changes in the electronic properties of the host lattice, and these changes can be understood in terms of charge transfer and increased interlayer separation. The phenomena discussed include optical properties, transport properties, super-conductivity, order-disorder phenomena and phase changes, staging, magnetic properties, metal-insulator transitions, Anderson localization, and fast-ion conduction. Some possible practical applications are also considered.
Recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infection in humans (2020)

Respiratory tract viral infection caused by viruses or bacteria is one of the most common diseases in human worldwide, while those caused by emerging viruses, such as the novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV that caused the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China most recently, have posed great threats to global public health. Identification of the causative viral pathogens of respiratory tract viral infections is important to select an appropriate treatment, save people's lives, stop the epidemics, and avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics. Conventional diagnostic tests, such as the assays for rapid detection of antiviral antibodies or viral antigens, are widely used in many clinical laboratories. With the development of modern technologies, new diagnostic strategies, including multiplex nucleic acid amplification and microarray-based assays, are emerging. This review summarizes currently available and novel emerging diagnostic methods for the detection of common respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, human adenovirus, and human rhinovirus. Multiplex assays for simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses are also described. It is anticipated that such data will assist researchers and clinicians to develop appropriate diagnostic strategies for timely and effective detection of respiratory virus infections.
Large-scale assembly of highly sensitive Si-based flexible strain sensors for human motion monitoring (2015)

Silicon is the dominant semiconductor in modern society, but the rigid nature of most Si structures hinders its applications in flexible electronics. In this work, Si-based flexible strain sensors are fabricated with Si fabric consisting of long Si nanowires. The as-obtained sensors demonstrate a large strain range of 50% and a gauge factor of up to 350, which are sufficient to detect human motions with superior performance over traditional sensors. The results reveal that the assembling strategy may potentially be applied to large-scale fabrication of highly sensitive, flexible strain sensors for emerging applications such as healthcare and sports monitoring. Moreover, the Si fabric would also enable broad applications of Si materials in other flexible and wearable devices such as flexible optoelectronics and displays.
Editor’s Note (2004)

This issue owes much to M.J. Toswell, who so ably edited Florilegium for six years and consolidated its reputation as a first-rate journal of Medieval Studies, found in academic libraries in many countries. Not only did she establish rigorous standards for submissions and put in place a strong editorial board, she also designed the journal’s format, enhanced with artwork by Kathryn Finter. By broadening the disciplinary range of articles and including papers on medievalisms, Dr. Toswell made the journal a reflection of current scholarship in the field. The Canadian Society of Medievalists wishes to record its thanks for her dedicated service to the Society.
HSP60 trafficking in adult cardiac myocytes: role of the exosomal pathway (2007)

The heat shock proteins (HSP) are a highly conserved family of proteins with critical functions in protein folding, protein trafficking, and cell signaling. These proteins also protect the cell against injury. HSP60 has been found in the extracellular space and has been identified in the plasma of some individuals. HSP60 is thought to be a "danger signal" to the immune system and is also highly immunogenic. Thus extracellular HSP60 is possibly toxic to the cell. The mechanism by which HSP60 is released into the extracellular space is unknown, as is whether it is released by cardiac myocytes. We investigated several different pathways controlling protein release including the classic, Golgi-mediated pathway. We found that HSP60 is released via exosomes, and that within the exosome, HSP60 is tightly attached to the exosome membrane.
Interface state densities for metal-nitride-oxide-silicon devices (1990)

The interface state density of metal-nitride-oxide-silicon (MNOS) devices was investigated as a function of silicon nitride (Si3N4) deposition temperature and postdeposition annealing conditions. The interface state density around the midgap of the oxide-silicon interface of the MNOS structures as a function of deposition temperature between 650 to 850 °C increased from 1.1 to 8.2×1011 cm−2 eV−1, for as-deposited silicon nitride films,; but decreased from 5.0 to 3.5×1011 cm−2 eV−1, for films annealed in nitrogen at 900 °C for 60 min; and further decreased and remained constant at 1.5×1011 cm−2 eV−1, for films which were further annealed in hydrogen at 900 °C for an additional 60 min. The interface state density increase is due to an increase in the loss of hydrogen at the interfacial region and also due to an increase in the thermal stress caused by differences in thermal expansion coefficients of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide films at higher deposition temperatures. The interface state density is subject to two opposing influences; an increase by thermal stress, and a reduction by hydrogen compensation of these states. Thus either low-temperature processing or subsequent hydrogen annealing after high processing temperatures is warranted.