gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
R<scp>ISK</scp> A<scp>SSESSMENT OF</scp> V<scp>IRUS-RESISTANT</scp> T<scp>RANSGENIC</scp> P<scp>LANTS</scp> (2002)

Virus-resistant transgenic plants (VRTPs) hold the promise of enormous benefit for agriculture. However, over the past ten years, questions concerning the potential ecological impact of VRTPs have been raised. In some cases, detailed study of the mode of action of the resistance gene has made it possible to eliminate the source of potential risk, notably the possible effects of heterologous encapsidation on the transmission of viruses by their vectors. In other cases, the means of eliminating likely sources of risk have not yet been developed. When such residual risk still exists, the potential risks associated with the VRTP must be compared with those associated with nontransgenic plants so that risk assessment can fully play its role as part of an overall analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of practicable solutions to the problem solved by the VRTP.
Out-of-Season Spawning of Sunfish<i>Lepomis</i>spp. in the Laboratory (1997)

Abstract Although propagation of sunfish Lepomis spp. has historically been done in earthen ponds, there is interest in producing these fish in the laboratory. The objective of this study was to spawn sunfish out of season by means of temperature and photoperiod manipulation. By manipulating temperature and photoperiod, we were able to spawn bluegills L. machrochirus over a 6-month period (December 1994–May 1995): 41 spawns. averaging 20.000 larvae each, were obtained from 24 females. By manipulation of photoperiod alone, we were able to spawn fish during a 3-month period (October–December 1995): 21 bluegill spawns of about 20.000 larvae each and 7 spawns of hybrid sunfish (female green sunfish L. cyanellus × male bluegills) of about 10,000 larvae each were obtained from 12 female bluegills and 24 female green sunfish, respectively. This protocol allows for production of sunfish larvae, regardless of season and without the use of hormones, for both laboratory studies and aquaculture stocking.
First results in robot road-following (1985)

The new Carnegie Mellon Autonomous I and Vehicle group has produced the first demonstrations of road following robots. In this paper we first describe the robots that are part of the CMU Autonomous Land Vehicle project. We next describe the vision system of the CMU ALV. We then present the control algorithms, including a simple and stable control scheme for visual servoing. Finally we discuss our plans for the future.
Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research (2019)

Neutralizing antibodies can protect from infection by immunodeficiency viruses. However, the induction by active vaccination of antibodies that can potently neutralize a broad range of circulating virus strains is a goal not yet achieved, despite more than 2 decades of research. Here we review progress made in the field, from early empirical studies to today's rational structure-based vaccine antigen design. We discuss the existence of broadly neutralizing antibodies, their implications for epitope discovery and recent progress made in antigen design. Finally, we consider the relationship between antigenicity and immunogenicity for B cell recognition and antibody production, a major hurdle for rational vaccine design to overcome.
Changes in c-Fos Protein Expression in the Rat Cuneate Nucleus after Electric Stimulation of the Transected Median Nerve (2002)

In this study we investigate temporal changes in Fos expression in cuneate neurons after a high-threshold electrical stimulation of the transected median nerve in rats. Two hours after injury of the median nerve when given electrical stimulation, c-Fos-immunoreactive (c-Fos-IR) cells were barely detected in the ipsilateral cuneate nucleus (CN). A few c-Fos-IR cells, however, were observed in the ipsilateral CN at 5 days. A marked increase in c-Fos-IR cells was observed at 2, 3, and 4 weeks, but levels subsided thereafter. Labeled cells were totally diminished by 16 weeks. The statistical analysis showed that the mean density of c-Fos-IR cells throughout the CN at 4 weeks was significantly higher than at other post-surgical time points, except for 3 weeks. Furthermore, the mean density of c-Fos-IR cells in the middle region of the CN was markedly higher than in other areas of the nucleus. The mean density of c-Fos-IR cells in the middle region at 4 weeks (mean density = 35.9 +/- 3.0 cells/section) was considerably higher than at other time points. Combined retrograde Fluorogold (FG) labeling and c-Fos immunocytochemistry showed that throughout the CN about 60% (2270/3652) of the c-Fos-IR cells contained FG, confirming that they were cuneothalamic projection neurons (CTNs). Moreover, the percentage of double-labeled cells in the middle region at 2 weeks (78.9 +/- 0.6%) was significantly greater than at 3 (70.2 +/- 3.4%) and 4 weeks (66.0b +/- 1.4%) after injury. Although the mechanism leading to the vigorous c-Fos expression in the CTNs following the electrical stimulation of the transected median nerve remains unclear the hyperexcitable CTNs may transmit the neuropathic nociceptive sensation to the thalamus after the median nerve injury.
Comparison of spectrophotometric methods of determining Fe(III) using a computer-controlled SuperScanR 3 UV-VIS spectrophotometer (1980)

Methods of the direct determination of Fe(III) with Eriochromazurol B, Chromazurol S, Eriochromcyanine R, 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol and 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol were compared using basic parameters for the spectrophotometric methods. The most useful reagents for determining Fe(III) in blood serum are Chromazurol S and PAR. The possibility of direct recording and treatment of the calibration curve using the SuperScan R 3 spectrophotometer controlled by an HP 9815A desk-top calculator is demonstrated.
Content Determination of Daucosterol in Roots,Stems and Leaves of Wild Plumbago zeylanica L.by RP-HPLC-ELSD (2012)

[Objective] To establish a method for determining the content of daucosterol and compare its content from roots, stems and leaves of wild Plumbago zeylanica L. [Method] High performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (RP-HPLC-ELSD) was used to determine the content of daucosterol in wild P. zeylanica. Diamondsil C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used with pure methanol as the mobile phase and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The temperature of column was 25 ℃. The flow rate of nitrogen was at 2.5 L/min and the temperature of drift tube was 65 ℃. [Result] The calibration curve of daucosterol was linear with concentration in the range of 0.129 to 2.58 μg/ml with r=0.999 4 (n=7). The average recovery was 99.93% with RSD of 0.212% (n=9). The content of daucosterol was the highest in leaves and lowest in roots. For each part, the content of daucosterol in P. zeylanica was the highest in February, July, August, and the lowest in May and June. [Conclusion] The method is rapid, simple, stable. And the results provide data for establishing the cultivated technique of Plumbaginis Zeylanicae L.
Phase II study of the progesterone antagonist mifepristone in patients with untreated metastatic breast carcinoma: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group study. (1996)

Mifepristone had minimal activity in this optimal group of patients. While there may be reason to conduct some clinical studies with it in combination with antiestrogens on the basis of some preclinical work, our data do not support its use as a single agent in the management of breast cancer.
Gallium phosphide epitaxial films for silicon-based multi-junction solar cells grown by liquid phase epitaxy (2010)

The growth of thin layers of III-V semiconductors on a silicon platform for multijunction solar cell applications has the benefits of reduced materials cost and standing on the well-developed silicon integrated circuit and solar cell technology. A prime candidate for developing such a platform is gallium phosphide (GaP) because it has a 0.37% lattice mismatch with Si which is favorable for epitaxial growth. Using liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), we grew GaP films on Si (111) substrates. These GaP/Si structures were characterized for physical properties and further processed into solar cells. In order to investigate the affect of GaP growth on a Si solar cell, we also grew GaP layers on Si solar cells fabricated by a phosphorus diffusion process and compared this structure with a baseline Si solar cell with no GaP layer. The GaP/Si and Si solar cell devices were measured for quantum efficiency and IV characteristics and compared to baseline solar cells without a GaP layer. A GaP layer grown on a Si solar cell deteriorated the current and efficiency. A GaP layer grown on a p-type substrate had lower V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> but currents comparable to that of the baseline Si solar cell.
Stirling Engine analysis insights derived from sixteen years of artificial heart power source development (1982)

Thermodynamic theorems and corollaries for Stirling engines (SE) and free-piston Stirling engines (FPSE) are presented and used to describe the flow of Second Law heat through an engine. Experimental thermodynamics is discussed emphasizing direct measurement of Second Law heat input and evaluation of heat exchanger and regenerator performance. Real cycle analysis using an experimentally determined relative cycle efficiency is discussed. Operational stability of free-piston engines is discussed, with comments on demonstrated stability of JCGS subresonant Coulomb-loaded engines, behavior of resonant Coulomb-loaded engines, and a rational explanation of the resonance jump exhibited by Coulomb-loaded engines. Finally, an observation is made that independently driven free-piston engines tend to be inherently stable.
The Influence of Nicardipine-, Nitroglycerin-, and Prostaglandin E1-Induced Hypotension on Cerebral Pressure Autoregulation in Adult Patients During Propofol-Fentanyl Anesthesia (2002)

We investigated the influence of drug-induced hypotension at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 60–70 mm Hg on cerebral pressure autoregulation in 45 adult patients during propofol-fentanyl anesthesia. Time-averaged mean blood flow velocity in the right middle cerebral artery (Vmca) was continuously measured at a Paco2 of 39–40 mm Hg by using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Hypotension was induced and maintained with a continuous infusion of nicardipine, nitroglycerin, or prostaglandin E1. Cerebral autoregulation was tested by a slow continuous infusion of phenylephrine to induce an increase in MAP of 20–30 mm Hg. From the simultaneously recorded data of Vmca and MAP, cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) was calculated as MAP/Vmca. Furthermore, the index of autoregulation (IOR) was calculated as ΔCVR/ΔMAP, where ΔCVR = change in CVR and ΔMAP = change in MAP. The test was performed twice for each condition on each patient: baseline and hypotension. The IOR during baseline was similar among the groups. During nitroglycerin- and prostaglandin E1-induced hypotension, IOR was not different from baseline. In contrast, during nicardipine-induced hypotension, IOR significantly decreased compared with baseline (0.37 ± 0.08 versus 0.83 ± 0.07, P < 0.01). In conclusion, nicardipine, but not nitroglycerin or prostaglandin E1, significantly attenuates cerebral pressure autoregulation during propofol-fentanyl anesthesia.
The Reinforcement Learning Problem (1998)

Reporting ≥1 serious midlife stressor was associated with elevated dementia risk, especially stressors related to resources problems and for those with less than equal to high school education. Everyday stressors can impact brain health over the long term and may contribute to racial inequities in dementia rates, though education can be a mitigating factor.
A Comparison of Hexaminolevulinate Fluorescence Cystoscopy and White Light Cystoscopy for the Detection of Carcinoma In Situ in Patients With Bladder Cancer: A Phase III, Multicenter Study (2007)

In patients with bladder cancer hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy with blue light can diagnose carcinoma in situ that may be missed with white light cystoscopy. Hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy can be used in conjunction with white light cystoscopy to aid in the diagnosis of this form of bladder cancer.
A demonstration of passive blade twist control using extension-twistcoupling (1992)

The results from a study aimed at improving the dynamic and aerodynamic characteristics of composite rotor blades through the use of extension-twist coupling are presented. A set of low twist model-scale helicopter rotor blades was manufactured with a view towards demonstrating the passive blade twist control concept. Hover testing of the blades was conducted to measure the change in blade twist as a function of rotor speed. The blades were spun through the 0-800 rpm range, with a corresponding sweep of collective pitch to determine the effect on the blade elastic twist. Hover data were obtained for both a ballasted and unballasted blade configuration in atmospheric conditions, where maximum twist changes of 2.54 and 5.24 degrees were respectively observed. These results compared well with those from a finite element analysis of the blade, which yielded maximum twists of 3.01 and 5.61 degrees for the unballasted and ballasted blade configurations, respectively. The aerodynamic-induced effects on the blade elastic twist, determined by testing a ballasted blade configuration in a near-vacuum condition, were found to be minimal with a maximum twist difference of 0.17 degrees observed between the two test environments. The effect of collective pitch sweep on the elastic twist was minimal.
Elevated Mouse Hepatic Betatrophin Expression Does Not Increase Human β-Cell Replication in the Transplant Setting (2013)

The recent discovery of betatrophin, a protein secreted by the liver and white adipose tissue in conditions of insulin resistance and shown to dramatically stimulate replication of mouse insulin-producing β-cells, has raised high hopes for the rapid development of a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetes. At present, however, the effects of betatrophin on human β-cells are not known. Here we use administration of the insulin receptor antagonist S961, shown to increase betatrophin gene expression and stimulate β-cell replication in mice, to test its effect on human β-cells. Although mouse β-cells, in their normal location in the pancreas or when transplanted under the kidney capsule, respond with a dramatic increase in β-cell DNA replication, human β-cells are completely unresponsive. These results put into question whether betatrophin can be developed as a therapeutic approach for treating human diabetes.
Simple implementation of vectorial modulo operation based on fundamental parallelepiped (2012)

Multidimensional lattices constitute a unifying framework for several signal processing applications. Described is a simple and elegant algorithmic implementation of the vectorial modulo operation based on the lattice fundamental parallelepiped which permits automatising the lattice elements’ indexing.
Giant cell lichenoid dermatitis: A possible manifestation of sarcoidosis (1994)

Giant cell lichenoid dermatitis is a recently described dermatosis thought to be an unusual lichenoid drug eruption. It is characterized by a generalized, pruritic, papulosquamous eruption sparing palms, soles, face and mucous membranes. Histopathologic findings include areas of epidermal hyperplasia and atrophy with focal vacuolar alteration of the basal layer, exocytosis and cytoid body formation. The dermis contains a band-like, mononuclear cell infiltrate at the dermoepidermal junction with admixed eosinophils, plasma cells and large multinucleate cells. The histologic differential diagnosis includes infectious processes, sarcoidosis, lichen nitidus, lupus erythematosus and lichen planus. We report 3 patients with giant cell lichenoid dermatitis, one of whom was subsequently diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. Because giant cell lichenoid dermatitis may resemble sarcoidosis both clinically and histologically, and because cutaneous sarcoid is often associated with systemic involvement, the diagnosis of sarcoid should be strongly considered in patients with giant cell lichenoid dermatitis.
Design of conformal, substrate-independent surface modification for controlled proteinadsorption by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) (2011)

Biofouling is a crucial consideration in a variety of applications including biosensors, biomedical implants and devices, food packaging, and industrial and marine equipment. On the other hand, the controlled adsorption of proteins is desired in certain fields such as bioassays and tissue engineering. As such, significant progress has been made in fabricating surface chemistries that are able to resist or regulate protein adsorption through the manipulation of the protein–water–surface interactions. However, a conformal, substrate-independent surface modification method is required in order to extend such chemistries to a wider range of applications including delicate substrates, nanostructured surfaces, and polymer nanotubes. Here, we review the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of coatings to control protein adsorption. These CVD coatings can be classified into four categories: hydrophilic coatings or hydrogels, which resist protein adsorption through surface hydration; fluorinated coatings, which have especially been studied in the context of fouling release in marine environments; amphiphilic coatings involving a unique antifouling mechanism; and switchable or stimuli-responsive coatings. Many of the techniques in each group are compatible with the synthesis of surface or free-standing nanostructures, and can be easily integrated into the existing fabrication infrastructure.
Cellular distribution and molecular heterogeneity of MAC393 antigen (clusterin, beta-chain) on the surface membrane of bull spermatozoa (1998)

The distribution and size of a surface membrane antigen identified by a monoclonal antibody (MAC9393) have been examined in testicular and epididymal bovine sperm preparations. Western blots indicated a substantial decrease in molecular mass of the antigen during epididymal maturation from approximately 87 kDa in the testis to approximately 35 kDa in the cauda epididymidis. This was accompanied by a change in its cellular localization from the neck and whole head to the acrosomal region. N-terminal microsequencing identified MAC393 antigen as the beta-chain of clusterin. A polyclonal antiserum to the alpha-chain of clusterin recognized both testicular and epididymal forms and revealed that the heterodimer was present on the sperm tail as well as the acrosome. These findings are explained by the co-existence of dimeric and monomeric pools of clusterin on spermatozoa. The polyclonal antiserum recognizes both testicular and epididymal forms of the heterodimer and although the monoclonal antibody binds to the testicular heterodimer, it only recognizes the beta-chain monomer of epididymal clusterin. These findings support previous observations made on human spermatozoa that two forms of clusterin, the beta-chain monomer and the heterodimer, are present on the surface membrane and in seminal plasma.
Coaxial Electrospinning Formation of Complex Polymer Fibers and their Applications (2019)

The formation of fibers by electrospinning has experienced explosive growth in the past decade, recently reaching 4,000 publications and 1,500 patents per year. This impressive growth of interest is due to the ability to form fibers with a variety of materials, which lend themselves to a large and rapidly expanding set of applications. In particular, coaxial electrospinning, which forms fibers with multiple core-sheath layers from different materials in a single step, enables the combination of properties in a single fiber that are not found in nature in a single material. This article is a detailed review of coaxial electrospinning: basic mechanisms, early history and current status, and an in-depth discussion of various applications (biomedical, environmental, sensors, energy, catalysis, textiles). We aim to provide readers who are currently involved in certain aspects of coaxial electrospinning research an appreciation of other applications and of current results.
INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC MONOZYGOTIC TWIN PAIRS. GENETIC CONTROL OF INSULIN RESPONSE? (1967)

ABSTRACT The insulin response during a standardized glucose infusion (GIT) was studied in a group of 13 monozygotic twin pairs previously registered as consisting of one diabetic/one non-diabetic member. At the time of the study three of the non-diabetic subjects had developed overt diabetes and three decreased glucose tolerance only. Of the non-diabetic members all but one (with diabetes due possibly to chronic pancreatitis in the sibling) showed an insulin response similar to that seen in diabetic subjects, and in healthy subjects previously assumed to be potential diabetics. The present study therefore supports our earlier suggestion that a low insulin response characterizes potential diabetes. There was a striking similarity between the insulin curves in the twin pairs, irrespective whether diabetes occurred in one, in both or in none of the members. It is suggested as a working hypothesis that the type of insulin response to glucose infusion is genetically determined, and that a low insulin response is a prerequisite for the development of diabetes mellitus.
Word/sub-word lattices decomposition and combination for speech recognition (2008)

This paper presents the benefit of using multiple lexical units in the post-processing stage of an ASR system. Since the use of sub-word units can reduce the high out-of-vocabulary rate and improve the lack of text resources in statistical language modeling, we propose several methods to decompose, normalize and combine word and sub-word lattices generated from different ASR systems. By using a sub-word information table, every word in a lattice can be decomposed into sub-word units. These decomposed lattices can be combined into a common lattice in order to generate a confusion network. This lattices combination scheme results in an absolute syllable error rate reduction of about 1.4% over the sentence MAP baseline method for a Vietnamese ASR task. By comparing with the N-best lists combination and voting method, the proposed method works better.
Salient object detection in video streams (2012)

In this paper we propose a complete framework for automatic detection and tracking of salient objects in video streams. The video flow is firstly segmented into shots based on scale space filtering graph partition method. For each detected shot the associated static summary is developed using a leap keyframe extraction method. Based on the representative images we introduce next a combined spatial and temporal video attention model that is able to recognize both interesting objects and actions in image sequences. The approach extends the state-of-the-art image region based contrast saliency with a temporal attention model. Different types of motion presented in the current shot are determined using a set of homographic transforms, estimated by recursively applying the RANSAC algorithm on the interest point correspondence. Finally, a decision is taken based on the combined information from both saliency maps. The experimental results validate the proposed framework and demonstrate that our approach is suitable for various types of videos and is robust to noise and low resolution.