gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of catalyst thickness and temperature gradient on MWCNT growth and morphology in TCVD process (2011)

In this article the effect of catalyst thickness and reaction temperature on the formation of horizontal multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was discussed to control product growth and morphology. MWCNTs were synthesized from methane by double-heater thermal catalytic vapor deposition method (TCVD) using a mixture of methanol and ammonia as active agents to promote the growth of nanotubes and nickel as a catalyst and are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Results from SEM indicated that, the diameter and density of tubes increased with increasing the catalyst thickness, whereas the effect of reaction temperature was on the growth efficiency and purity of nanotubes and lifetime of the catalyst. The most favorable temperature for the highest growth efficiency and purity was around 900 °C. However the optimal catalyst thickness was around 4 nm.
Different forms of streptolysin O produced by Streptococcus pyogenes and by Escherichia coli expressing recombinant toxin: cleavage by streptococcal cysteine protease (1995)

To resolve apparent discrepancies in the literature, N-terminal sequences of the active high- and low-molecular-weight (high- and low-M(r)) forms of native streptolysin O (nSLO) purified from Streptococcus pyogenes culture supernatants and of the similar-size high- and low-M(r) forms of recombinant SLO (rSLO) found in the periplasm of Escherichia coli expressing a cloned slo gene were determined. The high-M(r) forms of nSLO and rSLO are identical, reflecting removal of a 31-residue signal peptide, but the similar-size low-M(r) forms are very different. Removal of C-terminal sequences by proteases in the E. coli periplasm produces an inactive low-M(r) form of rSLO. In contrast, an active low-M(r) form of nSLO is produced by proteolytic cleavage between the N-terminal residues Lys-77 and Leu-78, which was shown to correspond to an extremely sensitive cleavage site for the pyrogenic exotoxin B-derived streptococcal cysteine protease.
Generation of haploid embryonic stem cells from Macaca fascicularis monkey parthenotes (2013)

Recent success in the derivation of haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) from mouse via parthenogenesis and androgenesis has enabled genetic screening in mammalian cells and generation of gene-modified animals. However, whether haESCs can be derived from primates remains unknown. Here, we report the derivation of haESCs from parthenogenetic blastocysts of Macaca fascicularis monkeys. These cells, termed as PG-haESCs, are pluripotent and can differentiate to cells of three embryonic germ layers in vitro or in vivo. Interestingly, the haploidy of one monkey PG-haESC line (MPH1) is more stable compared with that of the other one (MPH2), as shown by the existence of haploid cells for more than 140 days without fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) enrichment of haploid cells. Importantly, transgenic monkey PG-haESC lines can be generated by lentivirus- and piggyBac transposon-mediated gene transfer. Moreover, genetic screening is feasible in monkey PG-haESCs. Our results demonstrate that PG-haESCs can be generated from monkeys, providing an ideal tool for genetic analyses in primates.
Efficient Computation of Gapped Substring Kernels on Large Alphabets (2005)

We present a sparse dynamic programming algorithm that, given two strings s and t, a gap penalty λ, and an integer p, computes the value of the gap-weighted length-p subsequences kernel. The algorithm works in time O(p|M|log|t|), where M = {(i, j)|si = t j} is the set of matches of characters in the two sequences. The algorithm is easily adapted to handle bounded length subsequences and different gap-penalty schemes, including penalizing by the total length of gaps and the number of gaps as well as incorporating character-specific match/gap penalties. The new algorithm is empirically evaluated against a full dynamic programming approach and a trie-based algorithm both on synthetic and newswire article data. Based on the experiments, the full dynamic programming approach is the fastest on short strings, and on long strings if the alphabet is small. On large alphabets, the new sparse dynamic programming algorithm is the most efficient. On medium-sized alphabets the trie-based approach is best if the maximum number of allowed gaps is strongly restricted.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of Carbapenem and Penem Antibiotics. Part 5. Efficient Synthesis of the 1β‐Methylcarbapenem Skeleton. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling of eddy current probe response for steam generator tubes (1996)

Sample calculations were performed with a three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element model analysis that describe the response of an eddy current (EC) probe to steam generator (SG) tubing artifacts. Such calculations could be very helpful in understanding and interpreting of EC probe response to complex tube/defect geometries associated with the inservice inspection (ISI) of steam generator (SG) tubing. The governing field equations are in terms of coupled magnetic vector and electric scalar potentials in conducting media and of total or reduced scalar potentials in nonconducting regions. To establish the validity of the model, comparisons of the theoretical and experimental responses of an absolute bobbin probe are given for two types of calibration standard defects. Preliminary results are also presented from a recent theoretical study of the effect of ligament size in axial cracks on EC indications with conventional ISI bobbin probes.
Global Impact of Influenza Virus on Cellular Pathways Is Mediated by both Replication-Dependent and -Independent Events (2001)

Influenza virus, the causative agent of the common flu, is a worldwide health problem with significant economic consequences. Studies of influenza virus biology have revealed elaborate mechanisms by which the virus interacts with its host cell as it inhibits the synthesis of cellular proteins, evades the innate antiviral response, and facilitates production of viral RNAs and proteins. With the advent of DNA array technology it is now possible to obtain a large-scale view of how viruses alter the environment within the host cell. In this study, the cellular response to influenza virus infection was examined by monitoring the steady-state mRNA levels for over 4,600 cellular genes. Infections with active and inactivated influenza viruses identified changes in cellular gene expression that were dependent on or independent of viral replication, respectively. Viral replication resulted in the downregulation of many cellular mRNAs, and the effect was enhanced with time postinfection. Interestingly, several genes involved in protein synthesis, transcriptional regulation, and cytokine signaling were induced by influenza virus replication, suggesting that some may play essential or accessory roles in the viral life cycle or the host cell's stress response. The gene expression pattern induced by inactivated viruses revealed induction of the cellular metallothionein genes that may represent a protective response to virus-induced oxidative stress. Genome-scale analyses of virus infections will help us to understand the complexities of virus-host interactions and may lead to the discovery of novel drug targets or antiviral therapies.
Tacrolimus abrogates <scp>TGF</scp>‐β1‐induced type I collagen production in normal human fibroblasts through suppressing p38<scp>MAPK</scp> signalling pathway: implications on treatment of chronic atopic dermatitis lesions (2013)

The present results demonstrated that tacrolimus significantly inhibited physiological functions of fibroblasts enhanced by TGF-β1 in vitro. Clinically, we propose that topical tacrolimus may not only reduce AD recurrence but also ameliorate dermal fibrosis often seen in chronic AD lesions.
The Bayesian approach to default risk: A guide (2010)

A Bayesian approach to default rate estimation is proposed and illustrated using a prior distribution assessed from an experienced industry expert. The principle advantage of the Bayesian approach is the potential for coherent incorporation of expert information - crucial when data are scarce or unreliable. A secondary advantage is access to efficient computational methods such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo. After a preliminary discussion of elicitation of expert beliefs, all steps in a thorough Bayesian analysis of a default rate are illustrated. Using annual default rate data from Moody's (1999-2009) and a prior elicited from an industry expert, we estimate three structural credit models in the asymptotic single risk factor (ASRF) class underlying the Basel II framework (Generalized Linear and Generalized Linear Mixed Models), using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique.
Translocations activating IRF4 identify a subtype of germinal center-derived B-cell lymphoma affecting predominantly children and young adults (2011)

The prognosis of germinal center-derived B-cell (GCB) lymphomas, including follicular lymphoma and diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), strongly depends on age. Children have a more favorable outcome than adults. It is not known whether this is because of differences in host characteristics, treatment protocols, or tumor biology, including the presence of chromosomal alterations. By screening for novel IGH translocation partners in pediatric and adult lymphomas, we identified chromosomal translocations juxtaposing the IRF4 oncogene next to one of the immunoglobulin (IG) loci as a novel recurrent aberration in mature B-cell lymphoma. FISH revealed 20 of 427 lymphomas to carry an IG/IRF4-fusion. Those were predominantly GCB-type DLBCL or follicular lymphoma grade 3, shared strong expression of IRF4/MUM1 and BCL6, and lacked PRDM1/BLIMP1 expression and t(14;18)/BCL2 breaks. BCL6 aberrations were common. The gene expression profile of IG/IRF4-positive lymphomas differed from other subtypes of DLBCL. A classifier for IG/IRF4 positivity containing 27 genes allowed accurate prediction. IG/IRF4 positivity was associated with young age and a favorable outcome. Our results suggest IRF4 translocations to be primary alterations in a molecularly defined subset of GCB-derived lymphomas. The probability for this subtype of lymphoma significantly decreases with age, suggesting that diversity in tumor biology might contribute to the age-dependent differences in prognosis of lymphoma.
Acyl Coenzyme A Preference of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from the Maturing Seeds of <i>Cuphea</i>, Maize, Rapeseed, and Canola (1987)

In their seed triacylglycerols, Cuphea carthagenensis contains 62% lauric acid; maize possesses 50% linoleic acid and 30% oleic acid; rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var Dwarf Essex) has 40% erucic acid; and Canola (Brassica napus L. var Tower) holds 60% oleic acid and 23% linoleic acid. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) in the microsomal preparations from maturing seeds of the above species were tested for their preference in using different forms of acyl coenzyme A (CoA). Lauroyl CoA, oleoyl CoA, and erucoyl CoA individually or in equimolar mixtures at increasing concentrations were added to the assay mixture containing diolein, and the formation of triacylglycerols from the acyl groups at 24, 32, and 40 degrees C was analyzed. The Cuphea enzyme preferred lauroyl CoA to oleoyl CoA, and was inactive on erucoyl CoA. The maize enzyme had about equal activities on oleoyl CoA and lauroyl CoA, and was inactive on erucoyl CoA. Enzymes from both rapeseed and Canola had the same pattern of acyl CoA preference, with highest activities on lauroyl CoA. The two enzymes were more active on oleoyl CoA than on erucoyl CoA at high acyl CoA concentrations (10 and 20 micromolar) at 24 degrees C, but were more active on erucoyl CoA than on oleoyl CoA at low acyl CoA concentrations (1.36 micromolar or less) at 32 and 40 degrees C. These findings are discussed in terms of the contribution of the enzyme to the acyl specificity in storage triacylglycerols and the implication in seed oil biotechnology.
A Novel Procedure for In-field Calibration of Sourceless Inertial/Magnetic Orientation Tracking Wearable Devices (2006)

Recent research in the emerging field of phenomics aims at developing unobtrusive and ecological technologies which allow monitoring the behavior of infants and toddlers. Orientation tracking devices based on accelerometers and magnetometers represent a very promising technology since orientation in 3D space can be derived by solely relying upon the direction of the natural geomagnetic and gravitational fields which constitute an absolute coordinate frame of reference, i.e. sourceless. Many commercially available devices allow on-board calibration by means of addition of external circuitry, mainly used to generate artificial fields which act on the sensor itself as a known forcing input. Addition of external circuits is a major drawback in applications such as the one of interest, where the technology has to be worn by infants. When external fields, (e.g. gravitational and geomagnetic fields) are present, alternative calibration techniques are possible which rely on predefined orientation sequences of the sensor. In standard procedures, prior knowledge of the external field (magnitude and direction) as well as accuracy in performing the predefined orientation sequences contribute to determine the calibration parameters. In this work, a novel procedure for in-field calibration of magnetometric sensors is presented which does not rely on previous knowledge of magnitude and direction of the geomagnetic field and which does not require accurately predefined orientation sequences. Such a method proves especially useful in clinical applications since the clinician is no longer compelled to execute accurate calibration protocols
Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene chains grafted onto the sidewalls of single‐walled carbon nanotubes via copolymerization (2007)

Abstract Polyethylene (PE) chains grafted onto the sidewalls of SWCNTs (SWCNT‐ g ‐PE) were successfully synthesized via ethylene copolymerization with functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (f‐SWCNTs) catalyzed by rac ‐(en)(THInd) 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO. Here f‐SWCNTs, in which α‐alkene groups were chemically linked on the sidewalls of SWCNTs, were synthesized by Prato reaction. The composition and microstructure of SWCNT‐ g ‐PE were characterized by means of 1 H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Nanosized cable‐like structure was formed in the SWCNT‐ g ‐PE, in which the PE formed a tubular shell and several SWCNTs bundles existed as core. The formation of the above morphology in the SWCNT‐ g ‐PE resulted from successfully grafting of PE chains onto the surface of SWCNTs via copolymerization. The grown PE chains grafted onto the sidewall of the f‐SWCNTs promoted the exfoliation of the mass nanotubes. Comparing with pure PE, the physical mixture of PE/f‐SWCNTs and in situ PE/SWCNTs mixture, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of SWCNT‐ g ‐PE were higher because of the chemical bonding between the f‐SWCNTs and PE chains. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5459–5469, 2007
Comparison of the 2- and 6-minute walk test in multiple sclerosis (2011)

The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is often used to assess walking distance in multiple sclerosis (MS), but can be both time consuming for the investigator and exhausting for people with MS (pwMS). The present report compared the 6MWT scores of 40 ambulatory pwMS with their scores on the shorter 2-minute walk test (2MWT). The 2MWT estimated the 6MWT results with a mean relative error of 5% (R(2) = 0.96; p < 0.01). As the last 4-minute period of the 6MWT seems redundant, the 2MWT may be considered as a practical replacement for the 6MWT in routine clinical assessment.
Good News and Bad News: Representation Theorems and Applications (1981)

This is an article about modeling methods in information economics. A notion of favorableness of news is introduced, characterized, and applied to four simple models. In the equilibria of these models, (1) the arrival of good news about a firm's prospects always causes its share price to rise, (2) more favorable evidence about an agent's effort leads the principal to pay a larger bonus, (3) buyers expect that any product information withheld by a salesman is unfavorable to his product, and (4) bidders figure that low bids by their competitors signal a low value for the object being sold.
Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes (2010)

About the Authors Preface. Acknowledgments. Part I: Health Maintenance. 1 Principles of Health Maintenance. 2 Epizootiology of Fish Diseases. 3 Pathology and Disease Diagnosis. 4 Disease Management. Part II: Viral Diseases. 5 Catfish Viruses. 6 Carp and Minnow Viruses. 7 Eel Viruses. 8 Trout and Salmon Viruses. 9 Sturgeon Viruses. 10 Other Viral Diseases of Fish. Part III: Bacterial Diseases. 11 Catfish Bacterial Diseases. 12 Carp and Minnow Bacterial Diseases. 13 Eel Bacterial Diseases. 14 Salmonid Bacterial Diseases. 15 Striped Bass/Hybrid Bacterial Diseases. 16 Tilapia Bacterial Diseases. 17 Other Bacterial Diseases. Part IV: Appendices. Appendix I. List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes. Appendix II. Table of Conversion Factors. Appendix III. List of Cell Lines Commonly Used for Diagnostics. Index.
Megawatt laser calorimeter design (2002)

The conceptual design of a calorimeter that can safely capture the output of continuous-wave (CW), megawatt lasers operating in the near infrared wavelength region is described. A primary consideration in this design was the possibility that at some point in the future it would have to be scaled to even larger dimensions. The design uses standard optical techniques and a simple geometry to handle the high irradiance expected from the laser sources. An array of curved, reflective rods is used to spread the laser radiation before it is absorbed by a black-walled cavity. The calorimeter is designed to capture the entire laser beam with subsequent conversion of the electromagnetic energy to thermal energy. The temperature of the calorimeter is monitored and used to determine the energy of the incident laser radiation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
mining and mapping web content (1999)

Provides brief overviews of new interactive tools and indicators surrounding content analysis on the web, focusing on those windows and tools that are publicly accessible on the web. Contends emerging Internet indicators need to be further analysed if they are to be applied usefully in assisting the building of strategies. Finishes with a Table showing the structure of different domains mapped by AltaVista.
Parameter Design for a Digital Control System with Calculation Delay Using a Limited Pole Placement Method (2013)

Digital controllers are applied to various systems owing to their precision in realizing high-order controllers. However, they must consider calculation delay; the phase lag due to this delay degrades the performance of the control system. Controllers with a fixed structure, such as PID controllers, are generally used in practice, but the influence of calculation delays on them is not obvious. For example, it is difficult to derive parameters that maximize the performance of control systems with calculation delay, making it necessary to tune the parameters of the controllers by trial and error. Therefore, this paper proposes a limited pole placement (LPP) method to calculate the parameters for controllers having fixed structures and with calculation delay. In this study, the parameters that suppress the vibration due to phase lag are derived, and the performance of the control system is maximized by analyzing the location of the determined poles. The optimal parameters for fixed controllers with delay using the LPP method are determined efficiently.
Selective Electrochemical Detection Using a Split Disk Array Electrode in a Thin-Layer Radial Flow System (1996)

An eight-sector array (split disk) electrode was designed for a low flow rate (<100 μL/min) amperometric detector. This electrode was fabricated photolithographically for dimensional accuracy and reproducibility. This array of a pie-shaped electrode was combined with a thin-layer radial flow cell, and a conversion efficiency of 94% was achieved at the lowest flow rate tested (0.01 mL/min). Each electrode worked free from the effects of electrochemical reactions of the other electrodes. A coulometric hydrodynamic voltammogram of reversible redox species obtained using this system exhibited a Nernstian curve. These properties enabled this electrochemical detector to be used for determining the ratio of two redox species (redox potential difference ≈ 100 mV) with small injection volume (5 μL).
Luminescence and energy transfer in the ordered perovskite system La2MgSn1–xTixO6 (1977)

The luminescent properties of the ordered perovskite system La2MgSn1–xTixO6 are described. The two emission bands observed in the compositions with x = 0·01, 0·1, 0·3, and 0·5 are ascribed to a regular titanate centre and a defect centre. Energy transfer in this system is studied by varying the titanium concentration. It is argued that the emission of La2MgTiO6 does not originate from regular titanate octahedra. Es wird über Untersuchungen der Lumineszenzeigenschaften des geordneten Perowskitsystems La2MgSn1–xTixO6 berichtet. In den Verbindungen mit x = 0,01; 0,1; 0,3 und 0,5 werden zwei Emissionen beobachtet, die zwei verschiedenen Titanatzentren zugeschrieben werden. Zwischen den Titanatzentren findet Energieübertragung statt, so daß in der Verbindung La2MgTiO6 nur eine einzelne Emission beobachtet wird.
<title>Textured Optical Storage Media</title> (1982)

A class of optical storage media is described which consists of thin films, microscopically textured by reactive ion etching. These surfaces have random arrays of decoupled columns or cones with cross-sectional dimensions less than 100 nm. This structure yields a spatially varying, graded refractive index resulting in low specular reflectance for visible wavelengths. Reflective spots ~1 μm in diameter have been produced on the surfaces by local melting with a low power laser beam. This has been demonstrated for highly stable materials such as Si and Ge with threshold energies as low as ~1 nJ. The fabrication, microstructure, writing parameters and encapsulation of the media are discussed.
Stable and Low Power 6T SRAM (2013)

In this paper an effort is made to design a stable and energy efficient asymmetrical 6T SRAM cell in 65nm technology generation with one bit line for read and one for write operation along with dual word lines. A simple energy recovery driver is added to enhance the write ability of the SRAM and to recover energy. Sizing the access transistor helps write ability and sizing of the pull down transistor provides better read stability. This circuit saves energy during write operation and also provides good read stability.
Application of a chiral metal–organic framework in enantioselective separation (2011)

A modular approach for the synthesis of highly ordered porous and chiral auxiliary (Evans auxiliary) decorated metal-organic frameworks is developed. Our synthesis strategy, which uses known porous structures as model materials for incorporation of chirality via linker modification, can provide access to a wide range of porous materials suitable for enantioselective separation and catalysis. Chiral analogues of UMCM-1 have been synthesized and investigated for the enantioseparation of chiral compounds in the liquid phase and first promising results are reported.