gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and development of dynamic selection of laser array elements (1992)

The transmission of large amounts of power in space by laser beam (diode lasers, in particular) requires an array of lasers to increase total power. Concentration of the beam requires some degree of coherence. Temporal coherence can be obtained by locking amplifiers to a master oscillator. However, spatial coherence is not so easily created or maintained. Many mechanical, thermal, and electrical factors oppose it continually. A very simple method is described for creating and maintaining a degree of spatial coherence by simply turning selected diodes ON or OFF. The degree of coherence can be chosen; the greater the coherence, the larger is the number of lasers required for a given power and the longer the lifetime of the array. An experiment for analyzing performance, verifying theory, and evaluating critical parameters is also proposed.
The 'hashtag': A new word or a new rule? (2015)

Born as a topic marker to make tweets searchable, today the pound symbol is gaining\npopularity not only on other social platforms, but also offline, with hashtags\nincreasingly appearing in the linguistic landscape (e.g. headlines, advertising,\npolitical slogans). This paper analyzes hashtagging as a productive process of wordformation in English and Italian, both online and offline. The analysis is based on\nsamples of hashtags from a corpus of tweets and samples appearing in the offline\nworld. The study proposes a tentative taxonomy of hashtag types and poses questions\non the nature of the ‘products’ of hashtagging. It also comments on the pragmatic\nexploitation of the collected samples.
Murine Model of Interleukin‐8‐Induced Otitis Media (1997)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a potent inflammatory mediator that is thought to control leukocyte recruitment and activation during inflammatory reactions, has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Recent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated the presence of IL-8 in chronically inflamed human middle ear effusions. These data have led us to hypothesize that IL-8 is responsible for the leukocyte recruitment seen in otitis media. Because the effect of IL-8 on the middle ear mucosa has not been investigated and therefore its role in middle ear inflammation is not known, we investigated the ability of IL-8 to directly induce inflammation in the murine middle ear. For these studies, ICR mice were used to test the hypothesis that IL-8 could directly induce inflammation in the middle ear. Murine middle ears received 8-mL transtympanic injections of human IL-8 (25 mg/mL) in saline, heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae (1 x 10(8)/mL), or normal saline. Temporal bones were removed at 1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours, decalcified, and processed for histologic examination. Noninjected murine temporal bones served as controls. Normal saline-injected ears demonstrated little to no change as compared with temporal bones from noninjected ears. IL-8-injected ears histologically demonstrated thickening of the epithelial layer and subepithelial space (SES), with inflammatory cell infiltration in the SES peaking at 4 to 8 hours and resolving by 48 hours. Bacteria-injected ears demonstrated findings similar to, although not as extensive as, those found in IL-8-injected ears (i.e., inflammatory reactions peaked at 8 to 24 hours and resolved by 72 hours). Our results demonstrate that IL-8 is a potent inducer of middle ear inflammation and support the concept that IL-8 may be one of the key cytokines responsible for the leukocyte accumulation and activation seen in otitis media.
Effect of pH and Oxalate on Hydroquinone-Derived Hydroxyl Radical Formation during Brown Rot Wood Degradation (2003)

The redox cycle of 2,5-dimethoxybenzoquinone (2,5-DMBQ) is proposed as a source of reducing equivalent for the regeneration of Fe2+ and H2O2 in brown rot fungal decay of wood. Oxalate has also been proposed to be the physiological iron reductant. We characterized the effect of pH and oxalate on the 2,5-DMBQ-driven Fenton chemistry and on Fe3+ reduction and oxidation. Hydroxyl radical formation was assessed by lipid peroxidation. We found that hydroquinone (2,5-DMHQ) is very stable in the absence of iron at pH 2 to 4, the pH of degraded wood. 2,5-DMHQ readily reduces Fe3+ at a rate constant of 4.5 x 10(3) M(-1)s(-1) at pH 4.0. Fe2+ is also very stable at a low pH. H2O2 generation results from the autoxidation of the semiquinone radical and was observed only when 2,5-DMHQ was incubated with Fe3+. Consistent with this conclusion, lipid peroxidation occurred only in incubation mixtures containing both 2,5-DMHQ and Fe3+. Catalase and hydroxyl radical scavengers were effective inhibitors of lipid peroxidation, whereas superoxide dismutase caused no inhibition. At a low concentration of oxalate (50 micro M), ferric ion reduction and lipid peroxidation are enhanced. Thus, the enhancement of both ferric ion reduction and lipid peroxidation may be due to oxalate increasing the solubility of the ferric ion. Increasing the oxalate concentration such that the oxalate/ferric ion ratio favored formation of the 2:1 and 3:1 complexes resulted in inhibition of iron reduction and lipid peroxidation. Our results confirm that hydroxyl radical formation occurs via the 2,5-DMBQ redox cycle.
Google Privacy (2013)

With an ever-expanding portfolio of service offerings and the lion's share of the search market, Google stands to acquire, collate, and even infer a vast amount of information---individual, cohort, and aggregate---about each of us. The privacy policies of Google have an obvious impact on users of Google services. However, the policies that Google adopts also have an indirect impact on all Internet users: As the market-share leader, Google is the de facto trend setter for most, if not all, providers of Internet-based services. The policies of the market leader will surely filter down and be used as a template by other information vendors.
Neptune: above-ground storage tank inspection robot system (2002)

The Neptune system is a mobile robot system used to remotely inspect above-ground storage tanks (ASTs) containing petroleum products. Neptune ascertains the state of corrosion of the floor and side-walls according to the guidelines laid out by the American Petroleum Institute (API). The robot system allows unmanned entry and sensor data collection in ASTs without the need to empty or clean the tanks nor the required human walk-through inspection. The complete system comprises: a robot crawler vehicle suitable for classified locations which carries visual and ultrasonic sensors; a deployment pod atop the tank which lowers and retrieves the crawler; an in-tank acoustic positioning system to chart and control the location of the robot; and an external remote control console utilizing commercial and custom software for display, planning, and control tasks. The crawler pod and navigation systems are all designed for certification in such hazardous environments, classified as Class I, Division I, Group D.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nonfouling Poly(ethylene oxide) Layers End-Tethered to Polydopamine (2012)

Nonfouling surfaces capable of reducing protein adsorption are highly desirable in a wide range of applications. Coating of surfaces with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), a water-soluble, nontoxic, and nonimmunogenic polymer, is most frequently used to reduce nonspecific protein adsorption. Here we show how to prepare dense PEO brushes on virtually any substrate by tethering PEO to polydopamine (PDA)-modified surfaces. The chain lengths of hetero-bifunctional PEOs were varied in the range of 45-500 oxyethylene units (M(n) = 2000-20,000). End-tethering of PEO chains was performed through amine and thiol headgroups from reactive polymer melts to minimize excluded volume effects. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was applied to investigate the adsorption of model protein solutions and complex biologic medium (human blood plasma) to the densely packed PEO brushes. The level of protein adsorption of human serum albumin and fibrinogen solutions was below the detection limit of the SPR measurements for all PEO chains end-tethered to PDA, thus exceeding the protein resistance of PEO layers tethered directly on gold. It was found that the surface resistance to adsorption of lysozyme and human blood plasma increased with increasing length and brush character of the PEO chains end-tethered to PDA with a similar or better resistance in comparison to PEO layers on gold. Furthermore, the chain density, thickness, swelling, and conformation of PEO layers were determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), dynamic water contact angle (DCA) measurements, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and vibrational sum-frequency-generation (VSFG) spectroscopy, the latter in air and water.
Convolutional neural network-based regression for depth prediction in digital holography (2018)

Digital holography enables us to reconstruct objects in three-dimensional space from holograms captured by an imaging device. For the reconstruction, we need to know the depth position of the recoded object in advance. In this study, we propose depth prediction using convolutional neural network (CNN)-based regression. In the previous researches, the depth of an object was estimated through reconstructed images at different depth positions from a hologram using a certain metric that indicates the most focused depth position; however, such a depth search is time-consuming. The CNN of the proposed method can directly predict the depth position with millimeter precision from holograms.
Transplantation of expanded bone marrow‐derived very small embryonic‐like stem cells (VSEL‐SCs) improves left ventricular function and remodelling after myocardial infarction (2010)

Adult bone marrow-derived very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSEL-SCs) exhibit a Sca-1(+)/Lin(-)/CD45(-) phenotype and can differentiate into various cell types, including cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. We have previously reported that transplantation of a small number (1 × 10(6)) of freshly isolated, non-expanded VSEL-SCs into infarcted mouse hearts resulted in improved left ventricular (LV) function and anatomy. Clinical translation, however, will require large numbers of cells. Because the frequency of VSEL-SCs in the marrow is very low, we examined whether VSEL-SCs can be expanded in culture without loss of therapeutic efficacy. Mice underwent a 30 min. coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion and, 48 hrs later, received an intramyocardial injection of vehicle (group I, n = 11), 1 × 10(5) enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-labelled expanded untreated VSEL-SCs (group II, n = 7), or 1 × 10(5) EGFP-labelled expanded VSEL-SCs pre-incubated in a cardiogenic medium (group III, n = 8). At 35 days after myocardial infarction (MI), mice treated with pre-incubated VSEL-SCs exhibited better global and regional LV systolic function and less LV hypertrophy compared with vehicle-treated controls. In contrast, transplantation of expanded but untreated VSEL-SCs did not produce appreciable reparative benefits. Scattered EGFP(+) cells expressing α-sarcomeric actin, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1, or von Willebrand factor were present in VSEL-SC-treated mice, but their numbers were very small. No tumour formation was observed. We conclude that VSEL-SCs expanded in culture retain the ability to alleviate LV dysfunction and remodelling after a reperfused MI provided that they are exposed to a combination of cardiomyogenic growth factors and cytokines prior to transplantation. Counter intuitively, the mechanism whereby such pre-incubation confers therapeutic efficacy does not involve differentiation into new cardiac cells. These results support the potential therapeutic utility of VSEL-SCs for cardiac repair.
Preparation and Characterization of Calcium Stearate Powders and Films Prepared by Precipitation and Langmuir−Blodgett Techniques (2010)

The preparation of calcium stearate (CaSt2) using precipitation and Langmuir−Blodgett techniques was investigated in this study. While sodium stearate and calcium chloride were used in the precipitation process, calcium stearate nanofilms were produced from stearic acid and calcium chloride in sodium borate buffer with the Langmuir−Blodgett technique. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated carboxylate bands at 1577 and 1543 cm−1 in equal intensity in the powder form, but the films had a higher intensity 1577 cm−1 band than the 1543 cm−1 band. This showed the calcium ions associated with the COO− ions in the monodendate and bidendate structures in powders, and it was mainly in the bidendate structure in films. While characteristic peaks of CaSt2 at 2θ values of 6.40° and 19.58° were obtained in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the dried powdered product, no sharp peaks were present in the 13 layer CaSt2 film. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, it was seen that calcium stearate powder had lamellar structure and the average particle size was 600 nm. The AFM picture of the CaSt2 film indicated the surface was not smooth with a peak to valley distance of 6 nm.
Deficits in dopaminergic transmission precede neuron loss and dysfunction in a new Parkinson model (2013)

The pathological end-state of Parkinson disease is well described from postmortem tissue, but there remains a pressing need to define early functional changes to susceptible neurons and circuits. In particular, mechanisms underlying the vulnerability of the dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the importance of protein aggregation in driving the disease process remain to be determined. To better understand the sequence of events occurring in familial and sporadic Parkinson disease, we generated bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice (SNCA-OVX) that express wild-type α-synuclein from the complete human SNCA locus at disease-relevant levels and display a transgene expression profile that recapitulates that of endogenous α-synuclein. SNCA-OVX mice display age-dependent loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and motor impairments characteristic of Parkinson disease. This phenotype is preceded by early deficits in dopamine release from terminals in the dorsal, but not ventral, striatum. Such neurotransmission deficits are not seen at either noradrenergic or serotoninergic terminals. Dopamine release deficits are associated with an altered distribution of vesicles in dopaminergic axons in the dorsal striatum. Aged SNCA-OVX mice exhibit reduced firing of SNc dopamine neurons in vivo measured by juxtacellular recording of neurochemically identified neurons. These progressive changes in vulnerable SNc neurons were observed independently of overt protein aggregation, suggesting neurophysiological changes precede, and are not driven by, aggregate formation. This longitudinal phenotyping strategy in SNCA-OVX mice thus provides insights into the region-specific neuronal disturbances preceding and accompanying Parkinson disease.
Neural Cages for Detail-Preserving 3D Deformations (2020)

We propose a novel learnable representation for detail preserving shape deformation. The goal of our method is to warp a source shape to match the general structure of a target shape, while preserving the surface details of the source. Our method extends a traditional cage-based deformation technique, where the source shape is enclosed by a coarse control mesh termed cage, and translations prescribed on the cage vertices are interpolated to any point on the source mesh via special weight functions. The use of this sparse cage scaffolding enables preserving surface details regardless of the shape's intricacy and topology. Our key contribution is a novel neural network architecture for predicting deformations by controlling the cage. We incorporate a differentiable cage-based deformation module in our architecture, and train our network end-to-end. Our method can be trained with common collections of 3D models in an unsupervised fashion, without any cage-specific annotations. We demonstrate the utility of our method for synthesizing shape variations and deformation transfer.
The Design of Special-Purpose VLSI Chips (1980)

Structured VLSI design proceeds from algorithm to logic cell to cell array to special-purpose chip, yielding cheap, powerful, and modular hardware that will permanently alter the systems landscape of the 80's.
The effect of cholesteryl ester transfer protein overexpression and inhibition on reverse cholesterol transport (2007)

Both increased (mice study) and decreased (hamster study) CETP activity could result in enhanced RCT.
Amplified output of a frequency chirped diode source via injection locking (2001)

Injection locking is a useful technique for amplifying the output power of a tunable external cavity diode laser. The injection-locked output retains the spectral properties of the injected signal while offering high powers. A self-aligning injection-locked system is demonstrated that uses a chirped external cavity diode laser as the master laser. A gain of 51.8 dB is demonstrated with injection-locked output powers greater than 62 mW The amplified linear frequency chirp of 800 MHz in 4 ?s is measured and shows no deviation from the frequency chirp of the master laser. The high gain and ability of the injection-locked output to follow the rapid tuning of the injected source make it an excellent amplification technique for applications requiring higher powers with fast tuning.
Conidium ontogeny in hyphomycetes. The imperfect state of <i>Monascus rubber</i> and its meristem arthrospores (1968)

Comparative developmental studies using time-lapse photomicrography showed the characteristic conidial states of Monascus ruber van Tieghem and Backusia terricola Thirum., Whiteh., and Mathur to produce a previously undescribed type of meristem arthrospore. The two fungi are apparently conspecific, and B. terricola is placed in synonymy with M. ruber. No suitable generic name exists for the conidial state of M. ruber, and Basipetospora gen. nov. is erected to accommodate it.
Fabrication and evaluation of a biodegradable proanthocyanidin‐crosslinked gelatin conduit in peripheral nerve repair (2008)

This study proposed a novel and biodegradable nerve guide conduit in its applicability to peripheral nerve regeneration. A naturally occurring proanthocyanidin (PA) was selected as a cross-linking reagent in preparing the PA-crosslinked gelatin (PCG) conduit. Experimental results indicate that 5 wt % of PA was optimal in the complete cross-linking reaction in the PCG conduit. The PCG conduit was brownish and round with a rough outer surface whereas its inner lumen was smooth. The cross-linked networks of the PCG conduit resisted enzymatic hydrolysis under in vitro degradation studies. PA and gelatin were released from the soaked PCG conduit. During the release phase, the concentrations of PA, gelatin, and PCG-soaking solutions were not only nontoxic but also promoted the viability and growth of Schwann cells. The PCG conduit more effectively supported cell attachment and growth. The effectiveness of the PCG conduit as a guidance channel was studied when it was used to repair a 10 mm gap in the rat sciatic nerve. Throughout the 8-week experimental period, the peak amplitude and area under the muscle action potential curve both increased with the recovery period. Histological observations revealed that various regenerated nerve fibers crossed through and beyond the gap region. These results suggest that the PCG conduit can be a candidate for peripheral nerve repair.
Application Platforms for Embedded Systems: Suitability of J2ME and .NET Compact Framework. (2006)

System, software reuse We compare Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) and the.NET Compact Framework as programming platforms for complex software on small devices. In addition, specific problems of the two platforms with regard to embedded systems (such as hardware addressing) are discussed. As a base for our comparison, we have ported a relatively large component middleware system to both platforms. Our research shows non trivial differences between the platforms. A performance comparison shows that both J2ME and the.NET Compact Framework exhibit similar performance characteristics with a small speed advantage for.NET. A much more important fact, however, is that on both platforms the usage of platform specific concepts yields considerable performance gains.
A 10 b, 400 MS/s glitch-free CMOS D/A converter (2003)

Recent reports on high-speed CMOS D/A Converters (DACs) demonstrate clock rates and effective bandwidths of the well-known current-steering DAC architecture of 100's of MHz. In this work, new circuit design and layout methods are applied to a glitch-free 10 b DAC based on the pipelined charge redistribution architecture. Transients in the output current as codes change are called glitches, and because glitch characteristics depend nonlinearly on codes, they result in spurious tones in the output frequency spectrum. In the glitch-free DAC, on the other hand, the analog voltages are sampled and held at each clock cycle. The 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS prototype described here clocks at up to 400 MS/s, and delivers a superior spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) over the Nyquist band compared to other CMOS DACs. This circuit is part of a digitally based agile frequency synthesizer for a fast-frequency hopping wireless transmitter, and is intended to drive on-chip capacitor loads.
Leveraging open source web resources to improve retrieval of low text content items (2014)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. August 2014. Major; Computer science. Advisor: Jaideep Srivastava. 1 computer file (PDF); xi, 144 pages.
L'arsenic dans les eaux souterraines et dans les milieux associés. Le cas du Massif Central (2005)

En France et en particulier dans le Massif Central, des concentrations élevées en arsenic d'origine tout à fait naturelle se rencontrent dans différents milieux, roches primaires, roches altérées, nappes phréatiques, sols, eaux des rivières, sédiments associés... Le présent article s'attache aux relations qui peuvent exister entre ces différents milieux, notamment quant aux eaux souterraines. La spéciation de l'arsenic, essentiellement une sorption sur les hydroxydes de fer, rend compte de plusieurs observations, comme les fluctuations de concentrations au cours de l'année, et de l'abattement des concentrations dans les eaux, lors des phénomènes de drainage acide induits par les actions anthropiques. La localisation des fortes concentrations dans les eaux souterraines (et des eaux de rivières) au sein de milieux riches en arsenic (roches, sols, sédiments de ruisseaux), permet en retour un pronostic quant à la probabilité de trouver ce type d'eaux riches en As dans tel ou tel bassin versant. Pour ce faire, on se fonde sur la géochimie des sédiments de ruisseaux, la probabilité de trouver des eaux dépassant un seuil donné en As, étant proportionnelle à la teneur mesurée sur les sédiments. Connaissant ce type de relation, on peut immédiatement convertir les cartes de teneurs de géochimie sur sédiments, en carte de probabilité (« risque » ou alea) de mettre en production des eaux trop riches en As. Ces cartes sont donc des outils très utiles d'aide à la décision, pour la recherche éventuelle de nouvelles ressources en eaux souterraines satisfaisant aux normes relatives aux eaux de boisson.
Mitochondrial OPA1, apoptosis, and heart failure (2009)

This is the first report, to our knowledge, of changes in mitochondrial fusion/fission proteins in cardiovascular disease. These changes have implications for mitochondrial function and apoptosis, contributing to the cell loss which is part of the downward progression of the failing heart.