gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction kinetics of LaNi/sub 5/ (1983)

The kinetics of well-activated LaNi/sub 5/ were investigated using a mass flowmeter under constant hydrogen pressure. The overall rate is controlled by the rate of reaction at the interface which can be expressed as k ln(P/Psub(e))t=1-(1-X)sup(1/3) where P is the hydrogen pressure and Psub(e) is the equilibrium plateau pressure.
Ofatumumab for Rituximab-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (2014)

Cases of the steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome that are resistant to rituximab can be difficult to treat. In this report, ofatumumab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, showed some benefit in five young patients.
Effects of anaerobiosis upon morphology and energy metabolism of alveolar macrophages cultured in gas phase (1990)

Metabolic and morphological effects of anoxia were studied in alveolar macrophages obtained by lung lavage from guinea-pigs by means of an original method of cell culture allowing direct contact with air without interposition of liquid medium. After selection by glass adherence, alveolar cells were layered on a porous membrane applied to the surface of a reservoir filled with nutrient medium. Alveolar macrophages were then cultured in gas phase under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, an indicator of cell vitality, significantly decreased by 68 and 88% after 48 and 72 h of exposure to anaerobic environment, respectively. Significant increases in lactate production (68% at 24 h) and in glucose uptake (125% at 24 h), evidence of marked glycolytic activity, occurred before these falls in intracellular ATP and parallel decreases in culture medium pyruvate level (76 and 85% at 48 and 72 h, respectively). The shift of energy metabolism resulted in cell death after 72 h, as noted by morphological degeneration and decreased cellular ATP content. Twenty-four hour re-exposure to normoxic atmosphere showed that recovery was possible when duration of anaerobiosis did not exceed 48 h. This reversibility in anoxic cell injury has been related to plasma membrane integrity. The results of these studies indicate that alveolar macrophage resistance to anaerobiosis is limited as ATP content falls and morphological degeneration occurs after 48 h. This novel approach of anaerobic effects at the cell level should be adaptable to investigations of activity and, in particular, the mechanisms of metabolic activity of antianoxic drugs.
Pulse distortion and Hilbert transformation in multiply reflected and refracted body waves (1975)

abstract Many seismic body waves are associated with rays which are not minimum travel-time paths. Such arrivals contain pulse deformation due to a phase shift in each frequency component. For sufficiently high frequencies, the phase shift each time a ray touches an internal caustic is π/2 and frequency-independent. The distorting effect of a frequency-independent phase shift is successfully observed in seismograms from events in several regions. The data examined are long-period (T &gt; 9 sec). They include deep earthquakes (depth &gt; 500 km), in which a series of well-separated S phases (S, sS, SS and sSS) are available. These show that the wave form of SS, which has been distorted in propagation through the Earth, can be derived from the wave form of sS, which is not distorted. Shallow events, in which multiple S phases overlap, also exhibit behavior predicted by phase distortion. Rays supercritically reflected or refracted at a discontinuity in the Earth also suffer a constant phase shift, which in general can have any value. An important case is SKKS: its undistorted wave form resembles that of SKS, which has a minimum travel-time path. Without exception, all the distorted wave forms bear little or no resemblance to the original wave form. That is, neither the first arrival of energy nor the subsequent relative position of peaks and troughs on a distorted wave form appear at the ray theoretical times. Thus, T-Δ curves constructed by choosing arrival times to correspond to the first arrival of energy may be biased. Similarly, doubt is cast on differential travel times chosen from first motions, or from averaging several points on what appear to be corresponding peaks and troughs of two wave forms. Some of the rays most important to seismology, in which the distortion phenomenon occurs, include P and S (where d2T/dΔ2 &gt; 0), PKPAB, PP, SS, and SKKS. Removal of phase distortion in the data is computationally straightforward. By exploiting the resulting wave forms to full advantage in correctly picking arrival times, we may hope to improve velocity models of the Earth. It is shown that matched filtering to obtain differential travel times is appropriate for certain pairs of body waves if they are phase-corrected.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α,α-Disubstituted Amino Acid Derivatives <i>via</i> Enzymatic Resolution:  Preparation of a Thiazolyl-Substituted α-Methyl α-Benzyl Amine (1996)

A new and efficient enantioselective synthesis of the (S)-alpha,alpha-disubstituted phenethylamine 1 via Lipase resolution of the esters 3 and 4 is described. The effect of pH, enzyme load, and solubilizing additives has been studied and optimized. Conversion of the carboxylic acid 10 to the desired thiazole 1 is accomplished in high overall yield via an intermediate oxazolinone 13. This facile process requires only a single chromatographic step, and multigram quantities of 1 have been prepared.
GAIN: Missing Data Imputation using Generative Adversarial Nets (2018)

We propose a novel method for imputing missing data by adapting the well-known Generative Adversarial Nets (GAN) framework. Accordingly, we call our method Generative Adversarial Imputation Nets (GAIN). The generator (G) observes some components of a real data vector, imputes the missing components conditioned on what is actually observed, and outputs a completed vector. The discriminator (D) then takes a completed vector and attempts to determine which components were actually observed and which were imputed. To ensure that D forces G to learn the desired distribution, we provide D with some additional information in the form of a hint vector. The hint reveals to D partial information about the missingness of the original sample, which is used by D to focus its attention on the imputation quality of particular components. This hint ensures that G does in fact learn to generate according to the true data distribution. We tested our method on various datasets and found that GAIN significantly outperforms state-of-the-art imputation methods.
Enzymatic activity of poliovirus RNA polymerase mutants with single amino acid changes in the conserved YGDD amino acid motif (1991)

RNA-dependent RNA polymerases contain a highly conserved region of amino acids with a core segment composed of the amino acids YGDD which have been hypothesized to be at or near the catalytic active site of the molecule. Six mutations in this conserved YGDD region of the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase were made by using oligonucleotide site-directed DNA mutagenesis of the poliovirus cDNA to substitute A, C, M, P, S, or V for the amino acid G. The mutant polymerase genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified RNA polymerases were tested for in vitro enzyme activity. Two of the mutant RNA polymerases (those in which the glycine residue was replaced with alanine or serine) exhibited in vitro enzymatic activity ranging from 5 to 20% of wild-type activity, while the remaining mutant RNA polymerases were inactive. Alterations in the in vitro reaction conditions by modification of temperature, metal ion concentration, or pH resulted in no significant differences in the activities of the mutant RNA polymerases relative to that of the wild-type enzyme. An antipeptide antibody directed against the wild-type core amino acid segment containing the YGDD region of the poliovirus polymerase reacted with the wild-type recombinant RNA polymerase and to a limited extent with the two enzymatically active mutant polymerases; the antipeptide antibody did not react with the mutant RNA polymerases which did not have in vitro enzyme activity. These results are discussed in the context of secondary-structure predictions for the core segment containing the conserved YGDD amino acids in the poliovirus RNA polymerase.
Contamination Control by Unidirectional Piston Flow Ventilation : Ventilation Principle and its Application (1997)

A series of numerical simulations and model experiments were carried out in order to find the most effective ventilation system in a separated refuse disposal facility. The ventilation system needed in the facility protects the working space from dust and odors....
Achieving Lossless Accuracy with Lossy Programming for Efficient Neural-Network Training on NVM-Based Systems (2019)

Neural networks over conventional computing platforms are heavily restricted by the data volume and performance concerns. While non-volatile memory offers potential solutions to data volume issues, challenges must be faced over performance issues, especially with asymmetric read and write performance. Beside that, critical concerns over endurance must also be resolved before non-volatile memory could be used in reality for neural networks. This work addresses the performance and endurance concerns altogether by proposing a data-aware programming scheme. We propose to consider neural network training jointly with respect to the data-flow and data-content points of view. In particular, methodologies with approximate results over Dual-SET operations were presented. Encouraging results were observed through a series of experiments, where great efficiency and lifetime enhancement is seen without sacrificing the result accuracy.
Cell and Gene Therapy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (1994)

Experiments in mice have supported the idea of treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by implanting normal muscle precursor cells into dystrophin-deficient muscles. However, similar experiments on DMD patients have had little success. Gene therapy for DMD, by introducing dystrophin constructs via retroviral or adenoviral vectors, has been shown to be possible in the mouse, but the efficiency and safety aspects of this technique will have to be carefully examined before similar experiments can be attempted in man. Direct injection of dystrophin cDNA constructs into mdx muscles has given rise to very low levels of dystrophin and this may be a possibility for the treatment of heart muscle.
Microsensors and Microinstruments for Space Science and Exploration (1997)

Most future NASA spacecraft will be small, low cost, highly integrated vehicles using advanced technology. This will also be true of planetary rovers. In order to maintain a high scientific value to these missions, the instruments, sensors and subsystems must be dramatically miniaturized without compromising their measurement capabilities. A rover must be designed to deliver its science package. In fact, the rover should be considered as the arms, legs and/or wheels that are needed to enable a mobile integrated scientific payload.
Expression of Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐binding proteins of the S100 family in malignant human breast‐cancer cell lines and biopsy samples (1994)

In order to examine whether the expression of calcium-binding proteins of the S100 family may correlate with the transformation grade of human mammary-tumor cells, we studied the expression patterns of 4 members of this family (CACY, CAPL, S100L, S100 alpha/beta) in human breast-cancer cell lines. Each S100 protein is shown to be individually regulated in the human breast-cancer cell lines we studied, but it appears that the expression levels of S100 proteins do not strictly correlate with prognostic factors or the tumorigenicity of the cells. However, 2 aggressive cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and HS-578T, show elevated expression of CAPL. We show that methylation may account for partial regulation of the S100 genes, whereas neither genomic rearrangements in the S100 gene cluster region nor gene dosis effects seem to influence their expression pattern in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. On the basis of our genomic analyses, we can localize the gene for S100L within 5 kb upstream of S100E, thus extending the S100 gene cluster by one gene. A series of primary breast tumors was collected and tested for expression of CAPL, CACY and S100 alpha/beta. The results show that all human breast-cancer tissues tested express CACY, whereas the presence of CAPL is more restricted. There is a significant correlation between enhanced expression of CAPL and presence of the invasivity marker urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). This observation suggests that CAPL may play an important role in the acquisition of metastatic potential of human mammary epithelial cells.
An information-theoretic measure of term specificity (1992)

The inverse document frequency (IDF) and signal-noise ratio (S/N) approaches are two well known term weighting schemes based on term specificity. However, the existing justifications for these methods are still somewhat inconclusive and sometimes even based on incompatible assumptions. Although both methods are related to term specificity, their relationship has not been thoroughly investigated. An information-theoretic measure for term specificity is introduced in this study. It is explicitly shown that the IDF weighting scheme can be derived from the proposed approach by assuming that the frequency of occurrence of each index term is uniform within the set of documents containing the term. The information-theoretic interpretation of term specificity also establishes the relationship between the IDF and S/N methods. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Label-free imaging of human cells: algorithms for image reconstruction of Raman hyperspectral datasets (2010)

Raman microspectroscopy-based, label-free imaging methods for human cells at sub-micrometre spatial resolution are presented. Since no dyes or labels are used in this imaging modality, the pixel-to-pixel spectral variations are small and multivariate methods of analysis need to be employed to convert the hyperspectral datasets to spectral images. Thus, the main emphasis of this paper is the introduction and comparison of a number of multivariate image reconstruction methods. The resulting Raman spectral imaging methodology directly utilizes the spectral contrast provided by small (bio)chemical compositional changes over the spatial dimension of the sample to construct images that can rival fluorescence images in terms of spatial information, yet without the use of any external dye or label.
Broadly tunable femtosecond Cr:LiSAF laser (1997)

We demonstrate wavelength tunability of femtosecond pulses over a range of more than 50 nm from a diode-pumped Cr:LiSAF laser. The mode-locking mechanism can be explained by soliton mode locking that is started and stabilized by a broadband semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror designed for low loss over the full reflection bandwidth of the underlying Bragg mirrors, which ultimately limits tunability. We obtain 45-fs pulses at 105-mW average output power and a maximum mode-locked average output power of 125 mW with 60-fs pulses.
High Risk of HIV-Related Mortality Is Associated With Selenium Deficiency (1997)

To determine the independent contribution of specific immunologic and nutritional factors on survival in HIV-1 disease, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral treatment, plasma levels of vitamins A, E, B6, and B12 and minerals selenium and zinc were considered in relation to relative risk for HIV-related mortality. Immune parameters and nutrients known to affect immune function were evaluated at 6-month intervals in 125 HIV-1-seropositive drug-using men and women in Miami, FL, over 3.5 years. A total of 21 of the HIV-1-infected participants died of HIV-related causes during the 3.5-year longitudinal study. Subclinical malnutrition (i.e., overly low levels of prealbumin, relative risk [RR] = 4.01, p < 0.007), deficiency of vitamin A (RR = 3.23, p < 0.03), vitamin B12 deficiency (RR = 8.33, p < 0.009), zinc deficiency (RR = 2.29.1, p < 0.04), and selenium deficiency (RR = 19.9, p < 0.0001) over time, but not zidovudine treatment, were shown to each be associated with HIV-1-related mortality independent of CD4 cell counts <200/mm3 at baseline, and CD4 counts over time. When all factors that could affect survival, including CD4 counts <200/mm3 at baseline, CD4 levels over time, and nutrient deficiencies were considered jointly, only CD4 counts over time (RR = 0.69, p < 0.04) and selenium deficiency (RR = 10.8, p < 0.002) were significantly associated with mortality. These results indicate that selenium deficiency is an independent predictor of survival for those with HIV-1 infection.
Hilding Eek. Freedom of Information as a Project of International Legislation Francis Williams. La transmission des informations The International Press Institute. The Flow of the News (1953)

Kayser Jacques. Hilding Eek. Freedom of Information as a Project of International Legislation Francis Williams. La transmission des informations The International Press Institute. The Flow of the News. In: Politique étrangère, n°6 - 1953 - 19ᵉannée. pp. 528-530.
Preclinical safety profile of brimonidine. (1996)

Brimonidine is a selective alpha 2-adrenergic agonist developed for lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. Since brimonidine will be used in long-term theraphy, the safety of this drug is an important feature for its clinical success. Brimonidine has been evaluated in a number of safety studies using doses much greater than those in humans. In this paper chronic and carcinogenicity studies are presented. The results of the 6-month ocular/systemic study in rabbits and the 1-year ocular/systemic study in monkeys with 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8% brimonidine ophthalmic formulations showed no ocular or organ toxicity. The highest concentration of 0.8% used in rabbits and monkeys resulted in plasma drug concentrations of 95 (Cmax) and 10 (C2hr) times, respectively, higher than those seen in humans following topical dosing. Dose-related transient exaggerated pharmacologic effects of sedation were observed in the 1-year oral study in monkeys without any organ toxicity. The dose that elicited an apparent pharmacologic effect produced a plasma drug concentration that was approximately 115 times higher than that in humans. In 2-year carcinogenicity studies in mice and rats using doses that produced plasma concentrations 77 and 118 times, respectively, higher than those seen in humans, no oncogenic effect was observed. Based on the extensive safety research on brimonidine, it was concluded that this drug has an excellent safety profile.
Mechanical and biological properties of nanoporous carbon membranes (2008)

Implantable blood glucose sensors have inadequate membrane-tissue interfaces for long term use. Biofouling and inflammation processes restrict biosensor membrane stability. An ideal biosensor membrane material must prevent protein adsorption and exhibit cell compatibility. In addition, a membrane must exhibit high porosity and low thickness in order to allow the biosensor to respond to analyte fluctuations. In this study, the structural, mechanical and biological properties of nanoporous alumina membranes coated with diamond-like carbon thin films were examined using scanning probe microscopy, nanoindentation and MTT viability assay. We anticipate that this novel membrane material could find use in immunoisolation devices, kidney dialysis membranes and other medical devices encountering biocompatibility issues that limit in vivo function.
Bacterial Polyester Inclusions Engineered To Display Vaccine Candidate Antigens for Use as a Novel Class of Safe and Efficient Vaccine Delivery Agents (2009)

Bioengineered bacterial polyester inclusions have the potential to be used as a vaccine delivery system. The biopolyester beads were engineered to display a fusion protein of the polyester synthase PhaC and the two key antigens involved in immune response to the infectious agent that causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, notably antigen 85A (Ag85A) and the 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Polyester beads displaying the respective fusion protein at a high density were successfully produced (henceforth called Ag85A-ESAT-6 beads) by recombinant Escherichia coli. The ability of the Ag85A-ESAT-6 beads to enhance mouse immunity to the displayed antigens was investigated. The beads were not toxic to the animals, as determined by weight gain and absence of lesions at the inoculation site in immunized animals. In vivo injection of the Ag85A-ESAT-6 beads in mice induced significant humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to both Ag85A and ESAT-6. Vaccination with Ag85A-ESAT-6 beads was efficient at stimulating immunity on their own, and this ability was enhanced by administration of the beads in an oil-in-water emulsion. In addition, vaccination with the Ag85A-ESAT-6 beads induced significantly stronger humoral and cell-mediated immune responses than vaccination with an equivalent dose of the fusion protein Ag85A-ESAT-6 alone. The immune response induced by the beads was of a mixed Th1/Th2 nature, as assessed from the induction of the cytokine gamma interferon (Th1 immune response) and increased levels of immunoglobulin G1 (Th2 immune response). Hence, engineered biopolyester beads displaying foreign antigens represent a new class of versatile, safe, and biocompatible vaccines.
Virtual reality prototyping-a framework for the development of electronics and telecommunication products (2002)

Virtual reality prototyping is a promising technology that combines the virtual reality approach to advanced modeling, simulation and user interface techniques. The technology adjoins development models of different engineering disciplines to an executable simulation model of a product. A designer, or a customer, can see, touch, hear and operate a future product before its physical implementation with lower cost and effort than earlier. In this paper, the virtual reality prototyping research in the field of consumer electronics and telecommunications is described. The possibilities and benefits of the technology are presented, and a process and research environment for the development of virtual prototypes is introduced. The environment is demonstrated with a public pilot case-a pen-like wireless cellular phone interface device. Finally, the possibilities of virtual reality prototyping as a comprehensive design framework, including software and hardware simulation features, are considered and the future work is described.
Effect of unilateral common carotid artery occlusion on levels of prostaglandins D2, F2 alpha and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in gerbil brain. (1980)

The concentrations of the arachidonic acid metabolites, PGD2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, were measured in the cerebral hemispheres of gerbils subjected to unilateral carotid occlusion. Approximately 37 percent of the animals with occlusion had symptoms of cerebral ischemia. In those animals PGD2 and PGF2 alpha levels were elevated in both hemispheres. The levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased only slightly. There was no change of prostaglandin levels in asymptomatic animals. Indomethacin inhibited the increase in the levels of these arachidonic acid metabolites but did not alter brain swelling as judged by a decrease in specific gravity after 6 hours occlusion.