gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypertropic cardiomyopathy and hyperthyroidism in the cat. (1984)

In a 21/2-year period, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found at necropsy of 23 cats that died (13 cats) or were euthanatized (10) because of problems associated with hyperthyroidism. Of these, 4 (17%) also had evidence of cardiac failure (pulmonary edema or pleural effusion). The mean body weight of the cats with hyperthyroidism and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was significantly less (P less than 0.001) than that of clinically normal cats and cats with primary cardiomyopathy (congestive or restrictive) or excessive moderator band cardiomyopathy. In addition, the ratio of heart weight to body weight was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in the 23 hyperthyroid cats than in the normal cats and cats with primary cardiomyopathy. Twenty (87%) of the cats had symmetric hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall, whereas the remaining 3 cats had disproportionate thickening of the ventricular septum, compared with the free wall, similar to what is found in cats with asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Histologic cardiac abnormalities included large, hyperchromatic nuclei, interstitial fibrosis, endocardial fibroplasia, fibrosis of the atrioventricular node, and marked disorganization of cardiac muscle cells. The study showed that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy develops in most hyperthyroid cats, some of which also develop congestive heart failure. Although the signs of heart disease in primary myocardial disease and thyrotoxic disease are similar, the characteristic signalment and clinical signs of hyperthyroidism should lead one to suspect the association of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with the hyperthyroidism.
Horizontal shear wave scattering from a nonwelded interface observed by magnetic resonance elastography (2007)

A method based on magnetic resonance elastography is presented that allows measuring the weldedness of interfaces between soft tissue layers. The technique exploits the dependence of shear wave scattering at elastic interfaces on the frequency of vibration. Experiments were performed on gel phantoms including differently welded interfaces. Plane wave excitation parallel to the planar interface with corresponding motion sensitization enabled the observation of only shear-horizontal (SH) wave scattering. Spatio-temporal filtering was applied to calculate scattering coefficients from the amplitudes of the incident, transmitted and reflected SH-waves in the vicinity of the interface. The results illustrate that acoustic wave scattering in soft tissues is largely dependent on the connectivity of interfaces, which is potentially interesting for imaging tissue mechanics in medicine and biology.
Linux Network Administrator's Guide (1995)

From the Publisher:
Linux, a UNIX-compatible operating system that runs on personal computers, is a pinnacle within the free software movement. It is based on a kernel developed by Finnish student Linus Torvalds and is distributed on the Net or on low-cost disks, along with a complete set of UNIX libraries, popular free software utilities, and traditional layered products like NFS and the X Window System. Linux is sweeping Europe, winning adherents in North America, and generating enthusiasm worldwide. 
Part of Linux's appeal is the unstructured and far-flung manner in which it grew. Self-styled hackers from many countries created it. Maintenance and support are distributed in a similar manner. And even its documentation -- from installation instructions through manual pages and full-length guides -- is the product of a volunteer effort, the Linux Documentation Project. 
Networking is a fundamental part of Linux. As a stand-alone computer system it is impressive enough, but sooner or later you, the user, are going to want to send someone a file, mount a file system from another computer, read Usenet news, or search the World Wide Web. Whether you want a simple UUCP connection or a full LAN with NFS and NIS, you are going to have to build a network. 
One of the most successful books to come from the Linux Documentation Project is the Linux Network Administrator's Guide by Olaf Kirch. It touches on all the essential networking software included with Linux, plus some hardware considerations. Topics include: 
Introduction to TCP/IP Configuring network and serial hardware Domain Name Service Serial line communications using SLIP and PPP NIS and NFS Taylor UUCP Administering electronic mail, including smail and Sendmail+IDA Administering Netnews, including C News, NNTP, and several news readers
Nonlinear Analog Circuits (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Basic CMOS Comparator Design Adaptive Biasing Analog Multipliers
Detection and characterization of Pasteuria 16S rRNA gene sequences from nematodes and soils (2003)

Various bacterial species in the genus Pasteuria have great potential as biocontrol agents against plant-parasitic nematodes, although study of this important genus is hampered by the current inability to cultivate Pasteuria species outside their host. To aid in the study of this genus, an extensive 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny was constructed and this information was used to develop cultivation-independent methods for detection of Pasteuria in soils and nematodes. Thirty new clones of Pasteuria 16S rRNA genes were obtained directly from nematodes and soil samples. These were sequenced and used to construct an extensive phylogeny of this genus. These sequences were divided into two deeply branching clades within the low-G + C, Gram-positive division; some sequences appear to represent novel species within the genus Pasteuria. In addition, a surprising degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence diversity was observed within what had previously been designated a single strain of Pasteuria penetrans (P-20). PCR primers specific to Pasteuria 16S rRNA for detection of Pasteuria in soils were also designed and evaluated. Detection limits for soil DNA were 100-10,000 Pasteuria endospores (g soil)(-1).
Initial stability of uncemented hip stems: an <i>in-vitro</i> protocol to measure torsional interface motion (1995)

The difficulty in quantitatively assessing the inherent variables of surgical stem insertion and interfemur differences continues to be a problem in experimental methodologies which assess hip stem stability. An in-vitro torsional stability protocol was developed which limited the mechanical testing variability and provided a reproducible micromotion measurement of an uncemented stem in synthetic composite femurs. Using a controlled mechanical stem insertion resulted in less interfemur variability within each group with the coefficient of variation being reduced from 35% overall to less than 20%. Femurs with shallow stem insertion depths had significantly larger micromotion than femurs having deep stem insertion depths. The sensitivity of the experimental protocol and the synthetic composite femurs to the varied functional behaviour of three different stem designs was demonstrated. The stem with a hollowed anterior-to-posterior proximal section experienced significantly more motion than the two stems with full proximal sections, reinforcing the need for proximal contact to ensure minimal micromotion in torsional loading.
A low‐cost Doppler radar system with 24 GHz PLL for remote detection of heart beat (2008)

Abstract A low‐cost homodyne Doppler radar system with 24.128 GHz phase lock loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer has been designed, fabricated, and applied in remote detection of heart beat. In this direct conversion Doppler radar system, the PLL frequency synthesizer is utilized as a high‐stability local oscillator which is realized traditionally by voltage control oscillator (VCO). This fourth‐order topology PLL‐frequency synthesizer with 8 dBm output power and‐67 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz phase noise offset the carrier can improve the radar system velocity precision drastically. The Doppler radar front‐end system is fabricated with multichip module technology. Time domain and frequency domain test results of the radar for heart beat detection are both presented in the article, which agree with the reality well. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3139–3142, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23923
The Noh mask effect: vertical viewpoint dependence of facial expression perception (2000)

Full-face masks, worn by skilled actors in the Noh tradition, can induce a variety of perceived expressions with changes in head orientation. Out-of-plane rotation of the head changes the two-dimensional image characteristics of the face which viewers may misinterpret as non-rigid changes due to muscle action. Three experiments with Japanese and British viewers explored this effect. Experiment 1 confirmed a systematic relationship between vertical angle of view of a Noh mask and judged affect. A forward tilted mask was more often judged happy, and one backward tilted more often judged sad. This effect was moderated by culture. Japanese viewers ascribed happiness to the mask at greater degrees of backward tilt with a reversal towards sadness at extreme forward angles. Cropping the facial image of chin and upper head contour reduced the forward-tilt reversal. Finally, the relationship between head tilt and affect was replicated with a laser-scanned human face image, but with no cultural effect. Vertical orientation of the head changes the apparent disposition of facial features and viewers respond systematically to these changes. Culture moderates this effect, and we discuss how perceptual strategies for ascribing expression to familiar and unfamiliar images may account for the differences.
Saxatilin, a Snake Venom Disintegrin, Regulates Platelet Activation Associated with Human Vascular Endothelial Cell Migration and Invasion (2007)

Saxatilin inhibits platelet activation, platelet PDGF-AB release as well as subsequent endothelial cell migration and invasion.
The emergence of the propagation wave vector in high field NMR: analysis and implications (2007)

At ultra high field strength (>4 T), the RF-wavelength relative to the dimension of the human body leads to significant excitation field (B1) inhomogeneity arising out of wave propagation effects. The excitation field is thus spatio-temporal and in conjunction with the increase in tissue conductivity, wave propagation phenomena can no longer be ignored. We thus find the propagation of radiation at ultra high fields new phenomena commonly observed in quantum optics but traditionally negligible in NMR such as spatio-temporal phase modulation of the excitation field such that the identity between pulse area and flip angle is no longer valid. In this paper, the emergence of field propagation phenomena in NMR experiments is analytically and experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that in addition to the well-studied dielectric resonance phenomena at high magnetic fields, propagation effects transform the excitation pulse into an adiabatic excitation. The high field strength also means that nonlinear effects such as self-induced transparency, propagation phenomena such as transient four wave mixing, are now possible in NMR experiments. It is shown and experimentally demonstrated at 7 T that additional constraints due to phase matching considerations are imposed on the formation of echoes in high field NMR.
Processing of Communication Signal Using Operational Transconductance Amplifier (2010)

This paper proposes a signal processing methodology of communication system and realized that circuits using operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). Two important classes of communication circuit, delta modulator and compander have been designed using that procedure. In the first implementation coded pulse modulation system is demonstrated which employ sampling, quantizing and coding to convert analog waveforms to digital signals while the second gives data compression and expansion in digital communication system. The proposed compander circuit is realized with operational transconductance amplifier and diode. Required power supply to operate the circuit is 3.5V. Performance of the circuits realized with OTAs has been demonstrated through SPICE simulation.
Real-Time Label Visualization in Massive CAD Models (2013)

Virtual Labels are used in computer graphics applications to represent textual information arranged on geometric surfaces. Such information consists of names, numbering, or other relevant data that need to be noticed quickly when a user scans the objects in the scene. This paper focuses on the so-called massive models, which have a large number of geometric primitives whose rendering presents a high computational cost and for which conventional texturing techniques can extrapolate the available computational resources. In this work we have developed a way to view, in real time, virtual labels with different information on the surfaces of objects in massive models. The technique is implemented entirely on the GPU, and shows no significant loss of performance and low memory cost. CAD models' objects are the main focus of the work, although the solution can be used in other types of objects once their texture coordinates are adjusted correctly.
Estimation of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load harbored by lymphocyte subpopulations in BLV-infected cattle at the subclinical stage of enzootic bovine leucosis using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR (2013)

The results of the recent study showed that, although CD5+ IgM+ B cells were the main cell type targeted in BLV-infected but clinically normal cattle, CD5- IgM+ B cells, CD4+ cells, and CD8+ T cells were infected to a greater extent than previously thought.
Confounding and Collapsibility in Causal Inference (1999)

Consideration of confounding is fundamental to the design and analysis of studies of causal effects. Yet, apart from confounding in experimental designs, the topic is given little or no discussion in most statistics texts. We here provide an overview of confounding and related concepts based on a counterfactual model for causation. Special attention is given to definitions of confounding, problems in control of confounding, the relation of confounding to exchangeability and collapsibility, and the importance of distinguishing confounding from noncollapsibility.
Set of simple side-room urine tests for detection of inborn errors of metabolism. (1968)

search for further rapid and economical methods of detecting metabolic diseases. The success of the ferric chloride and more recently Guthrie's bacterial inhibition tests for the detection of phenylketonuria is well established, and wide-scale surveys based on these tests have yielded much information regarding the incidence of phenylketonuria in newborn infants and also in the apparently normal population. More recently the use of one-dimensional paper chromatography for amino-acids2 3 or other simple chemical tests4 in large-scale screening pro grammes has revealed the existence of many other previously unsuspected inborn errors of metabolism.5 6 It is not yet pos sible to treat all of these disorders. However, increased recog nition of rare metabolic disease through such programmes has led to the development of successful treatment in several dis orders provided that the disease is recognized in early life before the onset of mental retardation or other systemic manifesta tions.' The diseases which are known to be caused by inborn errors of metabolism are clinically so diverse8 that it may appear confusing to consider them collectively. However, the common factor that justifies grouping them together is that the correct diagnosis can always be established by appropriate biochemical tests even when no clinical evidence exists of the underlying metabolic disorder. The main difficulty in diagnosing these diseases lies in deciding which patients merit the detailed and often costly laboratory investigations necessary to identify the biochemical defect. It is therefore advantageous to develop a programme of screening tests which can be economically applied to large numbers of samples to detect abnormal metabolites, and in this way select the patients who should be further investi gated.
Field Trial Evaluations of a Switched Directional/Omnidirectional In-the-Ear Hearing Instrument (1999)

The use of directional microphones is one of the few methods available for hearing aids to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The smaller microphones available with today's technology have increased the viability of their application for in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aids. This study evaluated an ITE hearing aid containing two nondirectional microphones that provides wearer-selectable omnidirectional/directional operating modes. Ten sensorineural hearing-impaired patients were fitted binaurally. During the first trial period, the low-frequency gain decrease produced by the directional mode was not compensated for. The frequency responses were matched during the second trial period. For both trial periods, Hearing in Noise Test results using two uncorrelated noise sources indicated significant speech recognition improvements for the directional mode relative to the omnidirectional mode. Responses on Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit questionnaires, paired-comparison judgments, and interview data revealed that most subjects preferred the directional mode in noisier environments, but many also preferred the omnidirectional mode in quiet listening.
Electrophoretic resolution of the ‘major outer membrane protein’ of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 into four bands (1975)

The cell envelope of Enterobacteriaceae consists of\ntwo membranes separated by a peptidoglycan layer.\nMethods have been developed to separate the cytoplasmic\nmembrane from the outer membrane.\nThe outer membrane of Escherichia coli contains 60%\nof the envelope protein. Using polyacrylamide\ngelelectrophoresis, Schnaitman found six protein\nbands in the outer membrane fraction, of which one\nband (mol. wt 44 000) accounted for 70% of the total\nouter membrane protein.
Introduction: The psychology of music in multimedia (2013)

Abstract Music is often integrated into multimedia, and its impact on viewer-listeners is the focus of the book. The origins, ubiquity, and aesthetic and practical functions of multimedia are described, and the empirical approach is identified as the road to knowledge adopted by this book; it entails testing hypotheses against data from human viewer-listeners obtained in controlled experiments. The organization of the five remaining sections of the book is then described: Part I. Models and multidisciplinary perspectives; Part II. Cross-modal relations in multimedia; Part III. Interpretation and meaning; Part IV. Applications: Music and sound in multimedia, such as children’s television, interactive games, and advertising; Part V. Future directions. [NAW1]A précis of each of the 15 main chapters is then provided. The Introduction concludes with aspirations for the book to offer a shared knowledge base to multidisciplinary teams of researchers who will continue to make progress in this field.
Cryogenic Hydrogen as a Wind Tunnel Test Gas (1977)

Theme T HE cryogenic wind tunnel concept has been developed and demonstrated at the Langley Research Center as a practical way of increasing the test Reynolds number capability at transonic speeds. During development of the concept, liquid nitrogen was utilized as the coolant with the resultant test gas being nitrogen. Experimental and analytical studies' have shown cryogenic nitrogen to be an acceptable test gas. Use of another diatomic gas, hydrogen, which has a much lower vapor temperature than nitrogen, would give even higher test Reynolds numbers (Fig. 1) or equivalent Reynolds numbers either at much lower operating pressures or for a much smaller tunnel. A theoretical analysis of the suitability of parahydrogen as a test gas for a cryogenic wind tunnel has been made.
Polydeoxyribonucleotide-delivering therapeutic hydrogel for diabetic wound healing (2020)

Patients with diabetes experience delayed wound healing because of the uncontrolled glucose level in their bloodstream, which leads to impaired function of white blood cells, poor circulation, decreased production and repair of new blood vessels. Treatment using polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), which is a DNA extracted from the sperm cells of salmon, has been introduced to accelerate the healing process of diabetic wounds. To accelerate the wound-healing process, sustained delivery of PDRN is critical. In this study, taking advantage of the non-invasive gelation property of alginate, PDRN was loaded inside the hydrogel (Alg-PDRN). The release behavior of PDRN was altered by controlling the crosslinking density of the Alg hydrogel. The amount of PDRN was the greatest inside the hydrogel with the highest crosslinking density because of the decreased diffusion. However, there was an optimal degree of crosslinking for the effective release of PDRN. In vitro studies using human dermal fibroblasts and diabetes mellitus fibroblasts and an in ovo chorioallantoic membrane assay confirmed that the Alg-PDRN hydrogel effectively induced cell proliferation and expression of angiogenic growth factors and promoted new blood vessel formation. Its effectiveness for accelerated diabetic wound healing was also confirmed in an in-vivo animal experiment using a diabetic mouse model.
The release of prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> from human skin <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> during immediate allergic reactions (1988)

1. The release of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) during immediate allergic reactions in human skin was investigated in vivo and in vitro. 2. Skin exudates were collected from abraded sites on the thigh of atopic subjects sensitive to D. pteronyssinus antigen and from non-atopic control subjects. Challenge with antigen caused the release of PGD2 and histamine, but not PGE2, from the skin of the atopic subjects. The molar ratio of histamine to PGD2 was about 140:1. Control subjects were unresponsive. 3. PGD2 was released from passively sensitized human skin challenged with antigen in vitro. The time course was similar in vitro and in vivo. The ratio of histamine to PGD2 in vitro was 78:1. 4. The identities of the prostaglandins were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay to PGD2 and PGE2. 5. PGD2 is the major arachidonic acid cyclo-oxygenase product synthesized by human mast cells. It is pro-inflammatory in human skin but its functions as a mediator in immediate hypersensitivity reactions in human skin are not clear. The results of this study suggest that, relative to histamine, PGD2 contributes little to the oedema and erythema of immediate reactions in human skin.