gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epstein-Barr Virus and Breast Cancer (2002)

Abstract : Studies on the association of Epstein-Barr virus with Breast Carcinoma have reported conflicting results. They have in fact raised questions about a geographic variance in this association and the technical challenges of localizing the virus in tissue. We have addressed both these questions in our study. To look for a geographic variance, we analyzed breast carcinoma cases from four countries: USA (n=100), India (n=100), China (n=79) and Saudi Arabia (n=23). Each case was subjected to Conventional and Real-Time PCR with EBNA-1. PCR positive cases were further analyzed by EBER in-situ hybridization to localize the virus and a few cases were studied by Laser Microdissection (LMD). Our overall PCR positivity rate was 35-55% and did not exhibit any significant geographic variance. EBER in-situ confirmed the presence of the virus in the tumor cells in only four cases. The remaining cases were harboring the virus in the lymphoid cells infiltrating the tumor. LMD showed the presence of EBV in EBER positive as well as some negative cases (all PCR positive cases) but EBV could also be demonstrated in the fibrous tissue. Considering the entire spectrum of results obtained in this study we conclude that EBV does not play any major role in the pathogenesis of breast carcinoma.
Motor Nonlinearities in Electrodynamic Loudspeakers: Modelling and Measurement (2009)

This paper studies the motor nonlinearities of a classical electrodynamic loudspeaker. Measurements show the dependence of the voice-coil inductance with its position and with the driving current as well as the force factor dependence on the coil position. They allow the tuning of the parameters of a model proposed for these dependences. Time and frequency analysis of the model help in the explanation of both the harmonic and intermodulation distortions observed in classical loudspeakers.
Learning sparse models for image quality assessment (2014)

Many successful image quality metrics rely on the structural information in an image to assess its perceptual quality. Extracting the structural information that is perceptually meaningful to our visual system, however, is a challenging task. This paper proposes a new quality assessment metric that relies on a sparse modeling approach to learn the inherent structures of the image. These structures are learnt as a set of basis vectors, such that any structure in the image can be represented by a linear combination of only a few of these basis vectors. This strategy is known to generate basis vectors that are qualitatively similar to the receptive field of the simple cells present in the mammalian primary visual cortex. The perceptual quality of the distorted image is estimated by comparing the structures of the reference and the distorted images in terms of the learnt basis vectors. Our approach is evaluated on five standard subject-rated image quality assessment datasets. The proposed metric exhibits high correlation with the subjective ratings outperforming several well established methods.
Update on Human Rhinovirus and Coronavirus Infections (2016)

Human rhinovirus (HRV) and coronavirus (HCoV) infections are associated with both upper respiratory tract illness ("the common cold") and lower respiratory tract illness (pneumonia). New species of HRVs and HCoVs have been diagnosed in the past decade. More sensitive diagnostic tests such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction have expanded our understanding of the role these viruses play in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts. Recent identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome viruses causing serious respiratory illnesses has led to renewed efforts for vaccine development. The role these viruses play in patients with chronic lung disease such as asthma makes the search for antiviral agents of increased importance.
Electronic and optoelectronic materials for the 21st century : proceedings of the Seventh International School on Condensed Matter Physics : Varna, Bulgaria, 19-26 September 1992 (1993)

These proceedings feature lectures, short oral communications and poster presentations identifying and exploring major new trends in contemporary materials sciences, in particular electronic and optoelectronic materials for the future. Various aspects of preparative techniques, structural analysis, physical, physicochemical and chemical properties and device applications of new amorphous, polycrystalline, crystalline semiconductors, magnetic media, polymetric thin films, ferroelectrics and Langmuire Blodjet films are treated in detail.
First Results from the Wide Angle Camera of the ROSETTA Mission (2005)

This paper gives a brief description of the Wide Angle Camera (WAC), built by the Center of Studies and Activities for Space (CISAS) of the University of Padova for the ESA ROSETTA Mission, of data we have obtained about the new mission targets, and of the first results achieved after the launch in March 2004. The WAC is part of the OSIRIS imaging system, built under the PI-ship of Dr. U. Keller (Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Studies) which comprises also a Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) built by the Laboratoire d’Astrophysique Spatiale (LAS) of Marseille. CISAS had also the responsibility to build the shutter and the front door mechanism for the NAC. The images show the excellent optical quality of the WAC, exceeding the specifications both in term of encircled energy (80% in one pixel over a FoV of 1212 sq degree), limiting magnitude (fainter than the 13th in 30s exposure time through a wideband red filter) and amount of distortions.
Statistical properties of point vortex equilibria on the sphere (2007)

We describe a Brownian ratchet scheme which we use to calculate relative equilibrium\nconfigurations of N point vortices of mixed strength on the surface of a unit sphere.\nWe formulate it as a linear algebra problem $A\\Gamma = 0$ where $A$ is a $N \\times N(N â 1)/2$\nnon-normal configuration matrix obtained by requiring that all inter-vortical distances\non the sphere remain constant, and $\\Gamma \\in R^N$ is the (unit) vector of vortex strengths\nwhich must lie in the nullspace of $A$. Existence of an equilibrium is expressed by the\ncondition $det($A^TA) = 0$, while uniqueness follows if $Rank(A) = Nâ1$. The singular value\ndecomposition of $A$ is used to calculate an optimal basis set for the nullspace, yielding all\nvalues of the vortex strengths for which the configuration is an equilibrium. To home in\non an equilibrium, we allow the point vortices to undergo a random walk on the sphere\nand after each random step we compute the smallest singular value of the configuration\nmatrix, keeping the new arrangement only if it decreases. When the singular value drops\nbelow a predetermined convergence threshold, an equilibrium configuration is achieved\nand we find a basis set for the nullspace of A by calculating the right singular vectors\ncorresponding to the singular values that are zero. For each $N = 4 \\rightarrow 10$, we generate an\nensemble of 1000 equilibrium configurations which we then use to calculate statistically\naveraged singular value distributions in order to obtain the averaged Shannon entropy\nand Frobenius norm of the collection. We show that the statistically averaged singular\nvalues produce an average Shannon entropy that closely follows a power-law scaling of\nthe form $< S > \\sim N^\\beta$, where $\\beta \\sim 2/3$. We also show that the length of the conserved\ncenter-of-vorticity vector clusters at a value of one and the total vortex strength of the\nconfigurations cluster at the two extreme values Â±1, indicating that the ensemble average\nproduces a single vortex of unit strength which necessarily sits at the tip of the center-ofvorticity\nvector. The Hamiltonian energy averages to zero reflecting a relatively uniform\ndistribution of points around the sphere, with vortex strengths of mixed sign.
Accuracy of electron density, effective atomic number, and iodine concentration determination with a dual‐layer dual‐energy computed tomography system (2018)

The accuracy of ED measurement, Z<sub>eff</sub> determination, and iodine quantitation derived from DL-DECT was demonstrated with phantom measurements. The accuracies were not sensitive to scan and reconstruction parameters, namely tube potential, dose, rotation time, and spectral reconstruction level, especially in the case of electron density.
Insights into the Origin of the Separation Selectivity with Silica Hydride Adsorbents (2015)

In this study, the surface properties of type-B silica have been compared with an unmodified silica hydride phase, a diamond hydride phase and silica hydride phases modified with bidentate anchored octyl (BDC8), bidentate anchored octadecyl (BDC18), phenyl and cholesteryl groups. Atomic distributions of the surface elemental composition of each type of stationary phase were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. For the type-B silica, unmodified silica hydride, diamond hydride as well as BDC18 and cholesteryl silica hydride phases, the increase in carbon contents correlated with more negative surface ζ potential values (R(2) = 0.92). The origin of these more negative ζ potentials has been evaluated with mobile phases up to 100% (v/v) methanol content, with this property attributed to either an increase in the amount of adsorbed hydroxide ions or a decrease in the amount of adsorbed protons on the surfaces modified silica hydride phases of higher carbon content. This property of chemically modified silica hydride phases is in accordance with the unique propensity for hydroxide ions to be preferentially adsorbed onto hydrophobic surfaces of low permittivity and effects due to the specific accumulated water molecules associated with the electrical interfacial double layer of the adsorbent.
Prediction of the heat transfer from the end winding of a TEFC strip-wound induction motor (2003)

The flow field and heat transfer in the end region of a TEFC induction motor have been simulated experimentally and computationally. The test rig included a strip-wound end winding taken from a two-pole production motor. A single loop of the winding was instrumented with thermocouples and miniature heat flux gauges and supplied with a heating current. The measured local heat transfer coefficients on the winding surface differed from the computed values by a maximum of 30%. Their spatial variations agreed closely in form and reflected the computed flow field.
Bluetooth content distribution stations on public transit (2006)

In this poster, we introduce our Bluespots project, in which a small computer on a bus serves as a Bluetooth Content Distribution (BCD) station in a university public transit scenario.
DNA methods for identification of Chinese medicinal materials (2007)

As adulterated and substituted Chinese medicinal materials are common in the market, therapeutic effectiveness of such materials cannot be guaranteed. Identification at species-, strain- and locality-levels, therefore, is required for quality assurance/control of Chinese medicine. This review provides an informative introduction to DNA methods for authentication of Chinese medicinal materials. Technical features and examples of the methods based on sequencing, hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are described and their suitability for different identification objectives is discussed.
A 1V supply successive approximation ADC with rail-to-rail input voltage range (2005)

This paper proposes a 1V-supply capacitor-array-based successive approximation ADC utilizing grounded analog switches and a switched operational amplifier implemented with standard CMOS devices. The ADC with a high resolution of 10-bit and a rail-to-rail input voltage range was designed and its operation was confirmed by SPICE simulation. The ADC achieved sampling rate of 800-ksps and power consumption of 0.22-mW at 1-V supply voltage.
Integration of cordless telephony with CATV distribution (2003)

With the advent of further liberalization of the telecommunications market in the UK and elsewhere there is increasing interest in the provision of integrated cable TV (CATV) and telephony services. An investigation into a technique for providing such an integrated service using a system based on CT2 and optical fiber technology is described. The CT2 system is a second generation cordless telephone with greatly improved performance and enhanced facilities over the previous generation. The incorporation of an open interface between the handset and base station allows the handset to be used at home, at work or in conjunction with public access points. The concepts, the technical description, the system architecture, the transmission system down link, and the transmission system up link are described. The proposed architecture of an optical link which combines the provision of broadcast CATV with telephony services to subscribers clustered around up to six remote distribution points is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Perceptual and interpretative properties of motion for information visualization (1997)

1. ABSTRACT Visualizing information in user interfaces to complex, largescale systems is difficult due to an enormous amount of dynamic data distributed across multiple displays. While graphical representation techniques can reduce some of the cognitive overhead associated with comprehension, current interfaces suffer from the over-use of such representation techniques and exceed the human’s perceptual capacity to cfficicntly interpret them. New disphy dimensions are required to support the user in information visualization. Advances in technology have made animation a viable alternative to static representations. Motion holds promise as a perceptually rich and efficient display dimension but little is known about its attributes for information display. This paper proposes that motion may prove useful in visuahzing complex information because of its preattentive and interprctative perceptual properties. A review of animation in current user interface and visualization design and research indicates that, while there is strong intuition about the “usefulness” of motion to communicate, there are few guidelines or empirical knowledge about how to employ it. This paper summarizes types of movement characterization from diverse disciplines and proposes an initial taxonomy of motion properties and application to serve as a framework for further empirical investigation into motion as a useful display dimension.
High T<sub>c</sub> Superconductivity of (La<sub>1-x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>4</sub> –Effect of Substitution of Foreign Ions for Cu and La on Superconductivity (1987)

In order to elucidate the electronic structure of (La 1- x Sr x ) 2 CuO 4 , the sites of Cu and La were substituted with various 3 d and 4 f transition elements, respectively. The substitution on the Cu sites at 5 atomic percent level substantially destroyed the superconductivity whereas that on the La sites raised much less adverse effect. The results were discussed in terms of the two-dimensional conduction model based on the planar -Cu-O-Cu-O- linkage.
Edge information based effective intra mode decision algorithm (2012)

In this paper, we present very simple, yet efficient, algorithms for intra mode decision algorithms in AVS video coding based on edges detection and neural network. The technique uses the SOBEL operator to check the edge information from the total image before its intra prediction. Then the prediction mode of each 8×8 block can be decided based on its edges. In our paper, we design two schemes to decide the intra mode. In our first method, the intra mode is determined by compare the total number the feature points in each sub-blocks. It can save the encoding time of AVS part 2 between 30 to 40%. It is a very fast method, but the bit stream is correspondingly increased. To reduce the gain of the bit rate, we design another effective method employing neural network classifier which trained by the edge points to decide the mode of the block for AVS intra prediction. Because only one prediction mode is chosen for RDO calculation using the proposed algorithm, simulation results also show that the proposed scheme achieves up to 9% computational saving with no video quality degradation, compared with results of the existing method.
Contrasting roles of SPARC-related granuloma in bacterial containment and in the induction of anti–<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> immunity (2008)

The role of matricellular proteins in bacterial containment and in the induction of pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses is unknown. We studied the function of the matricellular protein secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC/osteonectin) in the dissemination of locally injected Salmonella typhimurium and in the subsequent immune response. We show that SPARC was required for the development of organized acute inflammatory reactions with granuloma-like (GL) features and for the control of bacterial spreading to draining lymph nodes (DLNs). However, SPARC-related GL also inhibited dendritic cell (DC) migration to the DLNs and limited the development of adaptive immune response, thus conferring increased susceptibility to the pathogen. In SPARC-deficient mice, both DC migration and antigen-specific responses were restored against bacteria, leading to protective anti-S. typhimurium immunity. This highlights a new function of matricellular proteins in bacterial infection and suggests that initial containment of bacteria can have drawbacks.
On the re-quantization of data to implement high-order narrow-band filters using reconfigurable logic (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of implementing narrow-band FIR filters using FPGAs. A method based on re-quantization of the input data stream using a sigma-delta modulator is presented. The reduced bit length representation of the re-quantized input samples removes the requirement for a full multiplier in the filter hardware. The filtering technique is described and implementation results using a Xilinx XC4010 FPGA are presented. Using a bit-serial approach, a 100 tap narrow-band filter operating at a sample rate of 1.56 MHz has been developed. A 20 tap bit-parallel filter can be accommodated in one XC4010PG191-4 and operates at a sample rate of 22.6 MHz.
A perspective on 16S rRNA operational taxonomic unit clustering using sequence similarity (2016)

The standard pipeline for 16S amplicon analysis starts by clustering sequences within a percent sequence similarity threshold (typically 97%) into 'Operational Taxonomic Units' (OTUs). From each OTU, a single sequence is selected as a representative. This representative sequence is annotated, and that annotation is applied to all remaining sequences within that OTU. This perspective paper will discuss the known shortcomings of this standard approach using results obtained from the Human Microbiome Project. In particular, we will show that the traditional approach of using pairwise sequence alignments to compute sequence similarity can result in poorly clustered OTUs. As OTUs are typically annotated based upon a single representative sequence, poorly clustered OTUs can have significant impact on downstream analyses. These results suggest that we need to move beyond simple clustering techniques for 16S analysis.
Hysteresis in the excitability of isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes. (1991)

Hysteresis phenomena were demonstrated in the excitability of single, enzymatically dissociated guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Membrane potentials were recorded with patch pipettes in the whole-cell current-clamp configuration. Repetitive stimulation with depolarizing current pulses of constant cycle length and duration but varying strength led to predictable excitation (1:1) and nonexcitation (1:0) patterns depending on current strength. However, transition between patterns depended on the direction of current strength change, and stable hysteresis loops were obtained in stimulus-response pattern versus current strength plots in 31 cells. Increase of pulse duration and decrease of stimulation rate contributed to a reduction in hysteresis loop areas. In addition, at the abrupt transitions from 1:0 to 1:1 patterns, a latency adaptation phenomenon was consistently observed. Bath application of tetrodotoxin (30 microM) produced no change of hysteresis, whereas hysteresis was substantially decreased in cobalt (2 mM) superfusion experiments. Analysis of the changes in amplitude and shape of the subthreshold responses during the transitions from one stable pattern to the other suggested that activity led to an increase in membrane resistance, particularly in the voltage domain between resting and threshold potentials. We therefore modeled the dynamic behavior of the single cells, using an analytical solution aimed at calculating the recovery of activation latency as a function of diastolic membrane resistance. Numerical iteration of the analytical model equations closely reproduced the experimental hysteresis loops in both qualitative and quantitative ways. The effect of stimulation frequency on the model was similar to the experimental findings. The overall study suggests that the excitability pattern of guinea pig ventricular myocytes is responsible for hysteresis and bistabilities when current intensity is allowed to fluctuate around threshold levels.
Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase in Physarum polycephalum (1975)

1. The isolated nuclei of the slime mould Physarum polycephalum contain an enzyme that will incorporated [adenine-3H] NAD+ into an acid-insoluble product, which is shown to be poly(ADP-ribose). 2. This incorporation has an optimum pH of 8.2 and a temperature optimum below 10degreesC. 3. Optimum stimulation is given by 15 mM-Mg2+. 4. 2-Mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol also stimulates the incorporation, the latter at an optimum concentration of about 1 mM. 5. Under optimum conditions the Km value for the reaction is 0.28 mM at 15degreesC. Nicotinamide inhibits the incorporation with a Ki of 5.7 muM. 6. Exogenous DNA stimulates the incorporation by about 100%. 7. Preincubation of the nuclei with deoxyribonuclease, but not with ribonuclease, almost completely inactivates the incorporation of NAD+. 8. The enzyme is unstable at both 0degrees and 15degreesC in the absence of dithiothreitol. The presence of dithiothreitol at a concentration of 1 mM stabilizes the enzyme at both these temperatures. 9. The activity of this enzyme per nucleus was shown in three separate experiments to fall by about one-half in early S phase and then to rise to its pre-mitotic value after about 3 h, that is in late S phase. 10. The possible physiological function of this enzyme system is discussed.
A COMPARISON OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF FOUR PROSTAGLANDINS (1963)

The biological activities of prostaglandins E(1), E(2), E(3) and F(1alpha) have been compared. Prostaglandins E(1), E(2), E(3) were qualitatively similar; E(1) and E(2) were about equiactive, but E(3) was less active on all preparations. Prostaglandin F(1alpha) was a less potent vasodilator than E(1) on the cat gastrocnemius muscle blood flow and skin blood flow and a less potent depressor drug on rabbit blood pressure. On the rabbit isolated jejunum F(1alpha) was twice as active as E(1) but on the guinea-pig isolated ileum E(1) was about forty times more active than F(1alpha). One qualitative difference between these prostaglandins was observed; on the rabbit fallopian tube in vivo prostaglandins of the E series decreased both the tone and the peristalsis of the tube whereas prostaglandin F(1alpha) increased tubal tone.