gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of oryzanol on cholesterol absorption & biliary & fecal bile acids in rats. (1990)

Effect of oryzanol on biliary secretion of cholesterol, phospholipid and bile acids and fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids was examined in male albino rats. Feeding oryzanol at 0.5 per cent level with the control diet did not cause any change in bile flow and composition. On feeding oryzanol with high cholesterol diet, the bile flow and total bile acid output were increased by 12 and 18 per cent respectively, while biliary cholesterol and phospholipids remained unchanged. The increased bile acid secretion was mainly due to taurocholic acid. In rats fed oryzanol along with high cholesterol diet, there was a significant increase in the fecal excretion of cholesterol (28%) and of bile acids (29%), whereas cholesterol absorption was lowered by 20 per cent.
The response of area MT and V1 neurons to transparent motion (1991)

An important use of motion information is to segment a complex visual scene into surfaces and objects. Transparent motions present a particularly difficult problem for segmentation because more than one velocity vector occurs at each local region in the image, and current machine vision systems fail in these circumstances. The fact that motion transparency is prevalent in natural scenes, and yet artificial systems display an inability to analyze it, suggests that the primate visual system has developed specialized methods for perceiving transparent motion. Also, the currently prevalent model of physiological mechanisms for motion-direction selectivity employs inhibitory interactions between neurons; such interactions would silence neurons under transparent conditions and render the visual system blind to transparent motion. To examine how the primate visual system solves this transparency problem, we recorded the activity of direction-selective cells in the first (area V1) and in a later (area MT) stage in the cortical motion-processing pathway in behaving monkeys. The visual stimuli consisted of random dot patterns forming single moving surfaces, transparent surfaces, and motion discontinuities. We found that area V1 cells responded to their preferred direction of movement even under transparent conditions, whereas area MT cells were suppressed under the transparent condition. These data suggest a simple solution to the transparency problem at the level of area V1. More than one motion vector can be represented at a single retinal location by different subpopulations of neurons tuned to different directions of motion; these subpopulations may represent the early stage for segmenting different, transparent surfaces. The results also suggest that facilitatory mechanisms, which unlike inhibitory interactions are largely unaffected by transparent conditions, play an important role in direction selectivity in area V1. The inhibitory interactions for different motion directions for area MT neurons may contribute to a mechanism for smoothing or averaging the velocity field, computations thought to be necessary for reducing noise and interpolating moving surfaces from sparse information.
Photopyroelectric response of PTCa/PEEK composite (2011)

A pyroelectric composite made of calcium modified lead titanate ceramic and polyether-ether-ketone high performance polymer was obtained in the film form by hot pressing the ceramic/polymer mixture into the desired composition. After polarization with a suitable electric field, a ceramic composite film (60% vol.) exhibited a pyroelectric figure of merit three times higher than that of a lead zirconate titanate ceramic. The material was used as infrared radiation sensor. The voltage responsivity decreases with the inverse of the frequency showing the same behavior of the thermally thick sensor. The reproducibility of the sensor responses was observed.
Analyzing multivariate flow cytometric data in aquatic sciences (1992)

Flow cytometry has recently been introduced in aquatic ecology. Its unique feature is to measure several optical characteristics simultaneously on a large number of cells. Until now, these data have generally been analyzed in simple ways, e.g., frequency histograms and bivariate scatter diagrams, so that the multivariate potential of the data has not been fully exploited. This paper presents a way of answering ecologically meaningful questions, using the multivariate characteristics of the data. In order to do so, the multivariate data are reduced to a small number of classes by clustering, which reduces the data to a categorical variable. Multivariate pairwise comparisons can then be performed among samples using these new data vectors. The test case presented in the paper forms a time series of observations from which the new method enables us to study on the temporal evolution of cell types.
Practical Implementation of 100-Gbit/s/Lambda Optical Short-Reach Transceiver with Nyquist PAM4 Signaling using Electroabsorptive Modulated Laser (EML) (2015)

We investigate practical equalizing filter requirement and temperature range of EML-base 102.4-Gbit/s Nyquist-PAM4 transceivers and demonstrate its wide-temperature operation (20 degree) and a 40-km SMF transmission at 1.3 ∝m using commercial EMLs experimentally.
Synergism of interferon-gamma and stem cell factor on the development of murine hematopoietic progenitors in serum-free culture (1993)

We examined the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the growth of murine hematopoietic progenitors supported by interleukin-3 (IL-3) or stem cell factor (SCF) in a serum-free culture system. IFN-gamma inhibited IL-3-dependent granulocyte-macrophage colony growth by normal bone marrow cells, but increased the number of pure and mixed megakaryocyte colonies by post-5-fluorouracil bone marrow cells. The addition of IFN-gamma to the culture containing SCF resulted in a synergistic action on the development of primitive hematopoietic progenitors as well as on the development of mature populations. Primitive progenitors responding to SCF + IFN-gamma were suggested to be supported by SCF in the early stage of development and require IFN-gamma for subsequent growth. Replating experiments of blast cell colonies and comparison of total colony growth among SCF + IFN-gamma, SCF + IL-3, and SCF + IFN-gamma + IL-3 suggest that multipotential progenitors supported by SCF + IFN-gamma are a part of those reactive to SCF + IL-3. These findings suggest that IFN-gamma has bifunctional activity on murine hematopoiesis.
What's Next for Collection Management and Managers? User-Centered Collection Management (2009)

We as collection managers like to think that we administer our collections in ways that always keep our users in mind. But let's be honest. What we had in mind was often what we thought our users w...
Identification of heterozygote carriers in families with a recessive form of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). (1999)

Skin biopsies of 18 healthy relatives of patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), belonging to six different recessive families, have been examined by optical and electron microscopy in order to determine morphologic alterations potentially useful for the identification of carriers of this genetic disorder. These morphologic features have been compared with those observed in the same tissue areas of eight PXE patients belonging to the same families, with six normal subjects, and to the carrier status of these apparently unaffected relatives as determined by haplotype analysis using informative markers surrounding the locus of the PXE gene on chromosome 16p. The dermis of all the relatives of PXE patients, established by haplotype analysis to be heterozygote carriers of a mutation in the PXE gene, exhibited several alterations very similar, although less severe, to those typical in PXE patients. Alterations were present in the reticular dermis and consisted of irregular-sized collagen bundles and elastic fibers; elastic fibers fragmented, cribriform, and mineralized; numerous fibroblasts, larger than normal, and subendothelial elastin in small vessels. Strikingly, none of these dermal changes were noted in an unaffected relative in one family who was identified as a noncarrier by haplotype analysis. Although many of these alterations are not specific for PXE, the presence of these morphologic changes in unaffected relatives of PXE patients indicates alterations in skin that could be diagnostic for carriers of a subclinical phenotype of PXE.
A critical interface: occupational therapy, engineering and assistive technology (2002)

Senior level engineering students have the background necessary to design and construct many useful assistive devices, yet they are mostly unaware of the needs of disabled individuals. In contrast, occupational therapists know the needs of individuals with disabilities, but do not have the technical skills or resources to design or build such devices. The present document describes an ongoing program in which assistive technology design projects are developed by materials and mechanical engineering undergraduates. The success of the program is founded upon an established interface between engineers, occupational therapists and clients. Recommendations for projects are solicited from occupational therapists at United Cerebral Palsy (UCP) of Greater Birmingham who also provide expert consultation to ensure that the resulting designs best meet the needs of the client. Engineering students select projects, develop designs and upon approval, construct devices for use by UCP clients and staff. Projects developed for children and adult clients are presented, including one custom prototype device and a modification of an "off the shelf" item. These projects, which have been successfully included in clinical settings and have improved the quality of life for the clients, highlight different approaches to satisfying special needs that cannot be met with conventional commercial devices.
Evidence for endogenous formation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in rats treated with tobacco alkaloids and sodium nitrite (1997)

Carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines are present in tobacco products and are believed to play a significant role in human cancers associated with tobacco use. Additional amounts of tobacco-specific nitrosamines could be formed endogenously. We tested this hypothesis by treating rats with nicotine and sodium nitrite and analyzing their urine. Initially, we treated groups of rats with (S)-nicotine (60 micromol/kg) and NaNO2 (180 micromol/kg), (S)-nicotine alone, NaNO2 alone or 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 12 nmol/kg) by gavage twice daily for 4 days. We collected urine and analyzed for two metabolites of NNK; 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronide. We did not detect these metabolites in the urine of rats treated with nicotine alone or nicotine plus NaNO2, indicating that endogenous conversion of nicotine to NNK did not occur. However, the urine did contain N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N'-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT). Analysis of the (S)-nicotine used in this experiment demonstrated that it contained trace amounts of nornicotine, anabasine and anatabine. In a second experiment, we used an identical protocol to compare the endogenous nitrosation of this (S)-nicotine with that of synthetic (R,S)-nicotine, which did not contain detectable amounts of nornicotine, anabasine or anatabine. NNN (0.53 x 10(-3)% of nicotine dose), NAB (0.68%) and NAT (2.1%) were detected in the urine of the rats treated with the (S)-nicotine and NaNO2. NNN (0.47 x 10(-3)% of dose), but not NAB or NAT, was present in the urine of the rats treated with synthetic (R,S)-nicotine and NaNO2. NNN probably formed via nitrosation of metabolically formed nornicotine. These results demonstrate for the first time that endogenous formation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines occurs in rats treated with tobacco alkaloids and NaNO2. The potential significance of the results with respect to nitrosamine formation in people who use tobacco products or nicotine replacement therapy is discussed.
Psychiatric Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Suicide (1996)

A limited range of diagnoses--most commonly a mood disorder alone or in combination with conduct disorder and/or substance abuse--characterizes most suicides among teenagers.
Collision frequency of artificial satellites: The creation of a debris belt (1978)

As the number of artificial satellites in earth orbit increases, the probability of collisions between satellites also increases. Satellite collisions would produce orbiting fragments, each of which would increase the probability of further collisions, leading to the growth of a belt of debris around the earth. This process parallels certain theories concerning the growth of the asteroid belt. The debris flux in such an earth‐orbiting belt could exceed the natural meteoroid flux, affecting future spacecraft designs. A mathematical model was used to predict the rate at which such a belt might form. Under certain conditions the belt could begin to form within this century and could be a significant problem during the next century. The possibility that numerous unobserved fragments already exist from spacecraft explosions would decrease this time interval. However, early implementation of specialized launch constraints and operational procedures could significantly delay the formation of the belt.
Work function increase of indium–tin–oxide surfaces by atmospheric air plasma treatment with steady-state airflow (2005)

Atmospheric air-plasma treatment of indium–tin–oxide (ITO) surfaces has been investigated as an alternative to a conventional oxygen (O2) vacuum plasma process. For this study, we devised an atmospheric air barrier plasma system having a dimension of 1000×600mm2 and successfully verified a possibility to ignite and maintain an atmospheric pressure discharge only in the ambient air. In particular, we used the steady-state airflow to generate more atomic oxygen radicals as oxygen gas during the vacuum plasma process and to prevent redeposition of the removed or transformed impurities onto the indium–tin–oxide substrate. The x-ray photoemission spectroscopy examination indicated that the adoption of the atmospheric-air plasma treatment reduced the surface content of carbon from 22.1% down to 8.5% and increased that of oxygen from 43% up to 57%. According to the photoelectron spectrometer (AC-1, RIKKEN) result, we obtained a work function of 5.11eV for the treated ITO surfaces after 1min treatment time, which is higher than that of 4.87eV for the untreated ITO surface. Consequently, we can effectively remove the carbon contamination and increase the work function of the ITO surface by means of the atmospheric air plasma treatment with steady-state airflow.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDE SYNTHESES, XVIII. AMINATION OF HETEROCYCLES, II. FACILE SYNTHESIS OF N6‐SUBSTITUTED ADENOSINES AND ADENINES AND THEIR 2‐AMINO‐ AND 2‐HYDROXY DERIVATIVES (1976)

Abstract Persilylierung von Inosin (Ia), Guanosin (Ib) bzw. Xanthosin (Ic) und Umsetzung der gebildeten Derivate (II) mit Aminen (III) in Gegenwart von Lewissäuren [LS] ‐ zweckmäßig als Eintopf‐Reaktion durchgeführt ‐ liefern die Adenosine (IV).
Species enrichment of SWNTs with pyrene alkylamide derivatives: is the alkyl chain length important? (2009)

Three similar amide-functionalized pyrene derivatives (N-methyl(18-Crown-6)pyrene-1-acetamide, N-methyl(18-Crown-6)pyrene-1-butyramide and N-methyl (18-Crown-6)pyrene-1-formamide), denoted as pa-18-C-6, pb-18-C-6 and pc-18-C-6, respectively, with different alkyl chain lengths between the amide groups and pyrene moieties have been successfully synthesized and for the first time, their separation effects on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) according to their electronic structures (metallic/semiconducting) and diameter have been demonstrated. Resonant Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis-NIR show that all three pyrene derivatives are selective to metallic SWNTs (met-SWNTs). Resonant Raman scattering (RRS) spectra also indicate that two of the pyrene derivatives, pb-18-C-6 and pc-18-C-6, are selective to large-diameter (D>1 nm) met-SWNTs. The third compound, pa-18-C-6, is selective to small-diameter (D<1.03 nm) met-SWNTs due to the ketone-to-enol rearrangement resulting in higher strain force relaxation; the rearrangement was shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data. For their discrimination between different relatively large-diameter semiconducting species, RRS spectra using a 785 nm laser show that pb-18-C-6 is selective to larger diameter ones while pa-18-C-6 and pc-18-C-6 have no selectivity. The selectivity for met-SWNTs in the solution is confirmed by a tenfold decline in thin film SWNT network resistivity (from 43 to 4.3 S m(-1)) after depletion of metallic nanotubes by a four-pass selection procedure using pa-18-C-6 and pc-18-C-6 surfactants alternately. Further, after the four-pass selection procedure, the conductivity of a network using the supernatant SWNTs changes less when heated in air compared to another network using the precipitated SWNTs; the high conductivity stability of the network with supernatant SWNTs further confirms the high content of met-SWNTs which are resistant to carrier doping.
Pharmacology of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methylglutaryl‐Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors (Statins), Including Rosuvastatin and Pitavastatin (2002)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world, with hypercholesterolemia as the major risk factor. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors represent the most efficient drugsfor the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. They lower plasma cholesterol due to the inhibition of endogenous cholesterol synthesis in the liverand subsequent increased expression of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, resulting in an up-regulated catabolic rate for plasma LDL. The beneficial effect of statins on the incidence of CHD was clearly demonstrated in several large-scale clinical trials. Currently, five statins (atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin) are available, and two novel compounds (pitavastatin, rosuvastatin) are undergoing clinical investigation. To point out potential mechanisms leading to increased toxicity and to compare the novel statins with the established ones, this article summarizes their pharmacological data since the prevalence of adverse events can be explained at least in part by their pharmacokinetic differences.
Further Data on the Sodium Content of Wines (1953)

1. THE BECKMAN FLAME PHOTOMETER HAS BEEN EMPLOYED FOR DETERMINING THE SODIUM CONTENT OF WINES. 2. COMMERCIAL CALIFORNIA WINES GENERALLY CONTAIN MORE SODIUM THAN GERMAN OR FRENCH WINES, BUT ARE SIMILAR TO SPANISH AND ITALIAN WINES. 3. POSSIBLE SOURCES OF SODIUM HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED.
A Medipix2-based imaging system for digital mammography with silicon pixel detectors (2004)

We present the first tests of a digital imaging system based on a silicon pixel detector bump bonded to an integrated circuit operating in single-photon counting mode. The X-ray sensor is a 300-/spl mu/m-thick silicon, 14/spl times/14 mm/sup 2/ sensitive area, upon which a matrix of 256 /spl times/ 256 (65536) square pixel, 55 /spl mu/m in side, has been built. The readout chip, named MEDIPIX2, has been developed at CERN within the MEDIPIX2 collaboration and it is composed by a matrix of 65536 readout channels exactly with the same geometry of the detector. The spatial resolution properties of the system have been assessed by measuring the square-wave resolution function and the first images of a standard mammographic phantom were acquired using a radiographic tube in the clinical irradiation condition.
Failure of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor therapy in aplastic anemia patients with very severe neutropenia (1988)

Abstract Four patients with very severe aplastic anemia refractory to antilymphocyte globulin were administered recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage--colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). One patient with minimal residual myelopoiesis responded transiently to two separate courses of GM-CSF at 4 and 8 micrograms/kg/d administered intravenously and another course at 4 micrograms/kg/d administered subcutaneously. Septicemia and bilateral pneumonia that had been resistant to conventional therapy resolved. Three patients with no evidence of residual myelopoiesis did not respond to GM-CSF. In one patient, the dose was increased to 32 micrograms/kg/d with no effect on hematopoiesis. Immediate side effects were minimal at GM-CSF doses up to 16 micrograms/kg/d. GM-CSF may, however, have been involved in the pathophysiology of thrombosis of the inferior vena cava in the patient administered 32 micrograms/kg/d. We conclude that GM-CSF does not induce hematopoiesis in long-standing, severe, treatment-resistant aplastic anemia with complete myelopoietic failure. However, in patients with minimal residual myelopoiesis, GM-CSF could be a promising adjuvant therapy for severe infection.
Safeway Designs Mixed-Product Pallets to Support Just-in-Time Deliveries (2005)

In 1998, Safeway milk plants began daily deliveries to most stores, doubling their delivery frequency. The new schedule increased the workloads for assembling orders at the milk plant by 20 percent because, under the new system, very few store orders called for full pallets of a single product, and store-specific mixed pallets were time consuming to assemble. To reduce the excess workload, we designed two types of standard mixed pallets that, in quantities of one to three, could satisfy part of the demands of many stores on most days, thereby reducing the need for store-specific mixed pallets. Our mathematical model optimizes the design of the standard mixed-product pallets. These mixed-product pallets can be assembled prior to the peak shipping periods and during other off-peak times to ease peak workloads and eliminate excessive overtime. Safeway implemented the solution without our assistance and continues to use it nearly five years after implementation with good results.
Antibodies to Enteroviruses in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Acute Flaccid Myelitis (2019)

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) has caused motor paralysis in >560 children in the United States since 2014. The temporal association of enterovirus (EV) outbreaks with increases in AFM cases and reports of fever, respiratory, or gastrointestinal illness prior to AFM in >90% of cases suggest a role for infectious agents. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 14 AFM and 5 non-AFM patients with central nervous system (CNS) diseases in 2018 were investigated by viral-capture high-throughput sequencing (VirCapSeq-VERT system). These CSF and serum samples, as well as multiple controls, were tested for antibodies to human EVs using peptide microarrays. EV RNA was confirmed in CSF from only 1 adult AFM case and 1 non-AFM case. In contrast, antibodies to EV peptides were present in CSF of 11 of 14 AFM patients (79%), significantly higher than controls, including non-AFM patients (1/5 [20%]), children with Kawasaki disease (0/10), and adults with non-AFM CNS diseases (2/11 [18%]) (<i>P</i> = 0.023, 0.0001, and 0.0028, respectively). Six of 14 CSF samples (43%) and 8 of 11 sera (73%) from AFM patients were immunoreactive to an EV-D68-specific peptide, whereas the three control groups were not immunoreactive in either CSF (0/5, 0/10, and 0/11; <i>P</i> = 0.008, 0.0003, and 0.035, respectively) or sera (0/2, 0/8, and 0/5; <i>P</i> = 0.139, 0.002, and 0.009, respectively).<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The presence in cerebrospinal fluid of antibodies to EV peptides at higher levels than non-AFM controls supports the plausibility of a link between EV infection and AFM that warrants further investigation and has the potential to lead to strategies for diagnosis and prevention of disease.