gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 300 watt cascaded boost converter design for solar energy systems (2009)

This paper presents the design, development and implementation of a cascaded boost converter for its application in 300 watts stand alone solar energy system. The converter will be used to boost the 24 volt DC battery voltage to 384 volts output level using a single switch in a geometric approach. The pros and cons of this topology are compared with other converters topologies. The converter gains and passive elements values are theoretically calculated using design equations. Then the performance of the designed converter is validated through simulation in two different simulation packages. According to the simulation results the use of these two packages in power electronic circuits design is compared. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed system is verified by a 300 watt prototype.
Studies on a cross-linking type positive 193nm photoresist material (2006)

A kind of diacid, acrylpimaric acid, with condensed alicyclic structure and good film-forming property, was prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of abietic acid and acrylic acid. In their solid film, the diacid can react with divinyl ether, such as 1,3-divinyloxyethoxybenzene when baked above 80<sup>o</sup>C and become insoluble in dilute aqueous base. Thus formed compound can be quickly decomposed at the presence of strong acid generated by PAG above 100<sup>o</sup>C and become easily soluble in dilute aqueous base. A positive photoresist can be formed by the diacid, divinyl ether and PAG. The measured photosensitivity is less than 50 mj/cm<sup>2</sup> when exposed to low pressure Hg lamp (254nm). The diacid mixture displayed lower transparency than estimated at 193 nm and should be further purified to be used in 193 nm photoresist.
High Expression of a New Marker PCA-1 in Human Prostate Carcinoma (2005)

These findings suggest that PCA-1 could be a useful diagnostic marker. Furthermore, because this human counterpart of AlkB exhibits a protective function against alkylation damage in mammalian cells, PCA-1 may also serve as a therapeutic target molecule for prostate cancer.
Simulation of semiconductor mode-locked ring lasers with monolithically integrated passive pulse shaping elements (2005)

We present a model to simulate passive mode-locking in InP/InGaAsP monolithically integrated extended cavity ring lasers that include both active and passive components. For the development of integrated femtosecond semiconductor lasers we have extended the design for a PML ring laser with integrated pulse shaping components. Simulations of these designs show output pulse durations down to 300 fs.
Model-Based Correction of Red Eye Defects (2002)

We present a fully automatic approach to the detection and correction of red-eye artifacts, as found in consumer photographs. The approach is model-based in that we first detect faces, then detect eyes in the found faces, and finally determine whether the eyes show any red-eye defects. Provided the detection stage found some red-eyes, we attempt to replace the red color by a suitable replacement color. Especial care is taken to ensure smooth transitions between corrected and original parts of the eyes.
Técnica de inmunoimpresión en membranas de nitrocelulosa: una detección rápida para estimar la incidencia de los virus PVX, PVY, PVS y PLRV que infectan a la papa (Solanum spp.) (2002)

The ELISA serological technique has been used since the 1970s as a quantative technique for the detection of many groups of virus which infect plants. The immune-impression (IMI) in nitrocelullose membrane qualitative technique has been implemented more recently for the detection of different viral groups. In this work, the IMI technique has been adapted for the detection of PVX, PVY PVS and PLRV viruses which attack different species and varieties of potato crop (Solanum spp.), such as Egg yolk, Capiro, Morita, Pastusa, Monserrate, Tuquerreña, ICA Puracé and ICA Nariño, all from the Nariño department. The four viruses mentioned above can cause 30% and 60% losses in production, be they acting alone or synergistically. This means that they can easily reduce the economic benefits of a country like Colombia, characterised as being a great potato producer (i.e. more than 2.8 million tons per year). The IMI technique was compared with the ELISA technique (Enzymne Linked Immunosorbent Assay) using the same samples, leading to confirmation of the test's sensitivity for detecting the virus. From a total of 800 samples analyzed by IMI from different areas in the Nariño department, 72% incidence for PVY, 38.7% for PVX, 85.6% for PVS and 91.1% for PLRV was found; these estimates were similar or greater than those obtained using ELISA. These results are new for Colombia in terms of imple-menting the easy and sensitive IMI technique for detecting these four viral groups infecting the potato as well as estimating their incidence in Nariño, one of Colombia's most important potato-producing departments. The opportune and flexible detection of virus leads to an effective response to eradicating contaminated material, both material in the field as well as that from in vitro culture. Results lead to it being suggested that implementing IMI could bringing wide benefits for potato seed certification programmes, as they maintain sensitivity and specificity, they reduce costs and can be participative.
FORS: a system for flexible design (2002)

The structure of FORS, a software tool that deals primarily with the area of collaboration and secondarily with human computer interfaces and record keeping, is described. It also deals with tool acquisition. FORS implements the network model of collaboration and permits dynamic reconfiguration of tools and aspects. A detailed description of its four modules-an aspect library, a tool library, a design space, and remote effects-is given. The implementation of the system in the mechanical design of a window regulator is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genetic evolution of the neuraminidase of influenza A (H3N2) viruses from 1968 to 2009 and its correspondence to haemagglutinin evolution (2012)

Each year, influenza viruses cause epidemics by evading pre-existing humoral immunity through mutations in the major glycoproteins: the haemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA). In 2004, the antigenic evolution of HA of human influenza A (H3N2) viruses was mapped (Smith et al., Science 305, 371-376, 2004) from its introduction in humans in 1968 until 2003. The current study focused on the genetic evolution of NA and compared it with HA using the dataset of Smith and colleagues, updated to the epidemic of the 2009/2010 season. Phylogenetic trees and genetic maps were constructed to visualize the genetic evolution of NA and HA. The results revealed multiple reassortment events over the years. Overall rates of evolutionary change were lower for NA than for HA1 at the nucleotide level. Selection pressures were estimated, revealing an abundance of negatively selected sites and sparse positively selected sites. The differences found between the evolution of NA and HA1 warrant further analysis of the evolution of NA at the phenotypic level, as has been done previously for HA.
High frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer array for intravascular ultrasound imaging (2014)

This paper presents a 1.2 mm diameter high fill-factor array of 1,261 piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) operating at 18.6 MHz for intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging and other medical imaging applications. At 1061 transducers/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the PMUT array has a 10-20× higher density than the best PMUT arrays realized to date. The PMUTs utilize a piezoelectric material, AlN, which is compatible with CMOS processes. Measurements show a large voltage response of 2.5 nm/V and good frequency matching in air, a high center frequency of 18.6 MHz and wide bandwidth of 4.9 MHz when immersed in fluid. Phased array simulations based on measured PMUT parameters show a tightly focused, high output pressure acoustic beam.
Active Learning for Semi-Supervised K-Means Clustering (2010)

K-Means algorithm is one of the most used clustering algorithm for Knowledge Discovery in Data Mining. Seed based K-Means is the integration of a small set of labeled data (called seeds) to the K-Means algorithm to improve its performances and overcome its sensitivity to initial centers. These centers are, most of the time, generated at random or they are assumed to be available for each cluster. This paper introduces a new efficient algorithm for active seeds selection which relies on a Min-Max approach that favors the coverage of the whole dataset. Experiments conducted on artificial and real datasets show that, using our active seeds selection algorithm, each cluster contains at least one seed after a very small number of queries and thus helps reducing the number of iterations until convergence which is crucial in many KDD applications.
Use of CD44 by CD4+ Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes to roll and adhere (2006)

Localization of circulating lymphocytes to a site of inflammation is paramount for the development and maintenance of an immune response. In vitro studies using cell lines have previously demonstrated that rolling and adhesion of lymphocytes on endothelium requires CD44 interactions with hyaluronan (HA). To date, whether CD44 has a role in mediating CD4(+)-polarized T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 lymphocyte interactions with the endothelium in vivo is yet to be determined. In this study we used intravital microscopy to demonstrate that both Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes use CD44 to roll and adhere to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-activated microvasculature. Furthermore, chimeric studies imply that CD44 expression by both the endothelium and lymphocytes is essential for these interactions to occur. HA was also necessary for T cell-endothelial cell interactions in vivo and Th1 and Th2 cells rolled on immobilized HA in vitro via CD44. In vitro, both Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes have increased expression of CD44 and greater binding of fluorescent HA than naive cells. The interactions of Th1 and Th2 cells were entirely dependent upon both P-selectin and CD44 in vivo, but did not appear to be counter ligands in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that CD44 and HA are key to both Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte interactions with the TNFalpha-activated endothelium and raises the possibility of cooperativity between the P-selectin/PSGL-1 and HA/CD44 pathways for Th1 and Th2 rolling in vivo.
Numerical and experimental simulation of linear shear piezoelectric phased arrays for structural health monitoring (2017)

A novel d36-type piezoelectric wafer fabricated from lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) is explored for the generation of in-plane horizontal shear waves in plate structures. The study focuses on the development of a linear phased array (PA) of PMN-PT wafers to improve the damage detection capabilities of a structural health monitoring (SHM) system. An attractive property of in-plane horizontal shear waves is that they are nondispersive yet sensitive to damage. This study characterizes the directionality of body waves (Lamb and horizontal shear) created by a single PMN-PT wafer bonded to the surface of a metallic plate structure. Second, a linear PA is designed from PMN-PT wafers to steer and focus Lamb and horizontal shear waves in a plate structure. Numerical studies are conducted to explore the capabilities of a PMN-PT-based PA to detect damage in aluminum plates. Numerical simulations are conducted using the Local Interaction Simulation Approach (LISA) implemented on a parallelized graphical processing unit (GPU) for high-speed execution. Numerical studies are further validated using experimental tests conducted with a linear PA. The study confirms the ability of an PMN-PT phased array to accurately detect and localize damage in aluminum plates.
Evolvable Systems for Space Applications (2003)

This article surveys the research of the Evolvable Systems Group at NASA Ames Research Center. Over the past few years, our group has developed the ability to use evolutionary algorithms in a variety of NASA applications ranging from spacecraft antenna design, fault tolerance for programmable logic chips, atomic force field parameter fitting, analog circuit design, and earth observing satellite scheduling. In some of these applications, evolutionary algorithms match or improve on human performance.
Microwave Heating of Pure Copper Powder with Varying Particle Size and Porosity (2008)

In recent years, microwave processing of metal/alloy powders have gained considerable potential in the field of material synthesis. Microwave heating is recognized for its various advantages such as: time and energy saving, rapid heating rates, considerably reduced processing cycle time and temperature, fine microstructures and improved mechanical properties, better product performance, etc. Microwave material interaction for materials having bound charge are well established, but for highly conductive materials like metals, there is not much information available to interpret the mechanism of microwave heating and subsequent sintering of metallic materials. The present study describes how the thermal profile of electrically conductive powder metal like copper changes with particle size and also with porosity content; in other words, initial green density when the material is exposed to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation in a multimode microwave furnace.
Programming with the Java Media Framework (1998)

From the Publisher:
Coauthored by members of Intel's Java Media Framework development team, this book shows you how to set up a JMF development environment, how to choose the development toolkit that's right for you, and how to set up the SDK. With the help of numerous working examples - including three complete quick-start web applets and a video JavaBean - you will learn basic and advanced multimedia Java programming. An extensive annotated reference to the Java Media Player API provides programmers with an invaluable guide to the classes and interfaces of JMF.
Locating the Source of Diffusion in Large-Scale Networks (2012)

How can we localize the source of diffusion in a complex network? Because of the tremendous size of many real networks-such as the internet or the human social graph-it is usually unfeasible to observe the state of all nodes in a network. We show that it is fundamentally possible to estimate the location of the source from measurements collected by sparsely placed observers. We present a strategy that is optimal for arbitrary trees, achieving maximum probability of correct localization. We describe efficient implementations with complexity O(N(α)), where α=1 for arbitrary trees and α=3 for arbitrary graphs. In the context of several case studies, we determine how localization accuracy is affected by various system parameters, including the structure of the network, the density of observers, and the number of observed cascades.
Altered Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in a Zebrafish Model of Dravet Syndrome (2016)

Altered metabolism is an important feature of many epileptic syndromes but has not been reported in Dravet syndrome (DS), a catastrophic childhood epilepsy associated with mutations in a voltage-activated sodium channel, Nav1.1 (SCN1A). To address this, we developed novel methodology to assess real-time changes in bioenergetics in zebrafish larvae between 4 and 6 d postfertilization (dpf). Baseline and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) stimulated glycolytic flux and mitochondrial respiration were simultaneously assessed using a Seahorse Biosciences extracellular flux analyzer. Scn1Lab mutant zebrafish showed a decrease in baseline glycolytic rate and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) compared to controls. A ketogenic diet formulation rescued mutant zebrafish metabolism to control levels. Increasing neuronal excitability with 4-AP resulted in an immediate increase in glycolytic rates in wild-type zebrafish, whereas mitochondrial OCR increased slightly and quickly recovered to baseline values. In contrast, scn1Lab mutant zebrafish showed a significantly slower and exaggerated increase of both glycolytic rates and OCR after 4-AP. The underlying mechanism of decreased baseline OCR in scn1Lab mutants was not because of altered mitochondrial DNA content or dysfunction of enzymes in the electron transport chain or tricarboxylic acid cycle. Examination of glucose metabolism using a PCR array identified five glycolytic genes that were downregulated in scn1Lab mutant zebrafish. Our findings in scn1Lab mutant zebrafish suggest that glucose and mitochondrial hypometabolism contribute to the pathophysiology of DS.
Flexible real-time magnetic resonance imaging framework (2005)

The extension of MR imaging to new applications has demonstrated the limitations of the architecture of current real-time systems. Traditional real-time implementations provide continuous acquisition of data and modification of basic sequence parameters on the fly. We have extended the concept of real-time MRI by designing a system that drives the examinations from a real-time localizer and then gets reconfigured for different imaging modes. Upon operator request or automatic feedback the system can immediately generate a new pulse sequence or change fundamental aspects of the acquisition such as gradient waveforms excitation pulses and scan planes. This framework has been implemented by connecting a data processing and control workstation to a conventional clinical scanner. Key components on the design of this framework are the data communication and control mechanisms, reconstruction algorithms optimized for real-time and adaptability, flexible user interface and extensible user interaction. In this paper we describe the various components that comprise this system. Some of the applications implemented in this framework include real-time catheter tracking embedded in high frame rate real-time imaging and immediate switching between real-time localizer and high-resolution volume imaging for coronary angiography applications.
Covalent interaction of metabolites of the carcinogen trichloroethylene in rat hepatic microsomes. (1976)

Trichloroethylene (TCE), a structural analog of vinyl chloride, is known to induce hepatocellular carcinoma and other tumors in C57BL/6 X C3H/He F1 (hereafter known as B6C3F1) hybrid mice. TCE epoxide, a possible metabolite, is expected to be highly reactive toward cellular nucleophiles, e.g., proteins and nucleic acids. Hence, the microsomal metabolism of TCE and its covalent binding to microsomal protein were examined. Rat liver microsomes were incubated in vitro with [14C]TCE. The results showed that TCE binds covalently to microsomal protein since extensive organic extractions and Pronase digestion do not dissociate the TCE-protein complex. The binding was decreased by 7,8-benzoflavone, blocked by SKF-525A, and enhanced by i.p. administration of phenobarbital. The possibility that TCE epoxide, once formed, could be converted to water-soluble products through enzymatic hydrolysis by epoxide hydrase was also investigated. Addition of 3,3,3-trichloropropene oxide, a potent inhibitor of epoxide hydrase, to the incubation system markedly enhanced the binding of TCE. These observations support the view that, in order to bind to protein, it is necessary for TCE to be metabolized to its epoxide, a reactive intermediate that is most likely involved in TCE carcinogenesis and toxicity.
PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF LASER-INDUCED PRESSURE IMPULSES IN LIQUIDS (1967)

Shadow photography techniques have been used to study various effects produced in transparent liquids by the focused beam from a Q-spoiled ruby laser. The intense spherical acoustic transients generated in water and other pure liquids when dielectric breakdown occurs have been examined. In solutions of benzanthracene in benzene, in which other workers have detected two-photon absorption, a linear region is strongly affected by the laser beam and cylindrical acoustic disturbances have been observed.
Solid phase synthesis of oligoribonucleotides using o-nitrobenzyl protection of 2′-hydroxyl via a phosphite triester approach (1986)

The hepta and undecaribonucleotide were synthesized on a controlled pore glass beads using o-nitrobenzyl protection of 2'-hydroxyls via a phosphite approach. By using 5-p-nitrophenyltetrazole for the activation of nucleoside-phosphoramidite, the condensation reaction was carried out very rapidly (2.5 min). The time required for one cycle was only 16 min. The hepta-(UACUAAC) and undecaribonucleotides (GUAUGUUAAUA) were obtained in yields of 28 and 17% respectively from the original resin.
MDMA and fenfluramine reduce L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia via indirect 5‐HT1A receptor stimulation (2006)

Abstract Chronic l ‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA) pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease is often accompanied by the development of abnormal and excessive movements known as dyskinesia. Clinical and experimental studies indicate that indirect serotonin agonists can suppress dyskinesia without affecting the efficacy of L‐DOPA. While the mechanism by which these effects occur is not clear, recent research suggests that serotonin 5‐HT1A receptors may play a pivotal role. To test this, male Sprague–Dawley rats with unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine medial forebrain bundle lesions received 1 week of daily treatment with L‐DOPA (12 mg/kg, i.p.) plus benserazide (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Beginning on the 8th day of treatment and every 3rd or 4th day thereafter, rats were pretreated with vehicle (0.9% NaCl), the serotonin and dopamine releaser 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 0.25 or 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or the serotonin releaser fenfluramine (FEN; 0.25 or 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) 5 min prior to L‐DOPA, after which abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) and rotations were quantified every 20th minute for 2 h. Pretreatment with 2.5 mg/kg of either MDMA or FEN reduced AIMs. To determine the contribution of the 5‐HT1A receptor to these effects, another group of L‐DOPA‐primed 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats were pretreated with the 5‐HT1A antagonist WAY100635 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), MDMA + WAY100635 (2.5 + 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or FEN + WAY100635 (2.5 + 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) 5 min prior to L‐DOPA and subsequent AIMs and rotation tests. The antidyskinetic effects of MDMA and FEN were reversed by cotreatment with WAY100635. These results suggest that 5‐HT‐augmenting compounds such as MDMA and FEN probably convey antidyskinetic properties in part via stimulation of 5‐HT1A receptors.
The GPRS-based location system for the long-distance freight (2006)

With the development of the modern traffics, it becomes more important to locate the vehicle running on the highway. This paper introduces the location system for the long-distance freight vehicles, which is based on the global system for mobile communication (GSM) network. The control center and client can communicate to each other based on short message service (SMS) and general packet radio service (GPRS). The client is designed in 8-bit microprocessor to send global positioning system (GPS) information by SMS or GPRS. And the control center adopts a geographic information system (GIS) to track vehicles to display the position information on the electronic map.