gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and biological activity of 4-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3-dihydroxybenzene (1,3-dideazauridine) (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and biological activity of 4-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3-dihydroxybenzene (1,3-dideazauridine)R. A. Sharma, M. Bobek, and A. BlochCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1975, 18, 5, 473–476Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00239a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00239a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quinone-reactive proteins devoid of haem <i>b</i> form widespread membrane-bound electron transport modules in bacterial respiration (2008)

Many quinone-reactive enzyme complexes that are part of membrane-integral eukaryotic or prokaryotic respiratory electron transport chains contain one or more haem b molecules embedded in the membrane. In recent years, various novel proteins have emerged that are devoid of haem b but are thought to fulfil a similar function in bacterial anaerobic respiratory systems. These proteins are encoded by genes organized in various genomic arrangements and are thought to form widespread membrane-bound quinone-reactive electron transport modules that exchange electrons with redox partner proteins located at the outer side of the cytoplasmic membrane. Prototypic representatives are the multihaem c-type cytochromes NapC, NrfH and TorC (NapC/NrfH family), the putative iron-sulfur protein NapH and representatives of the NrfD/PsrC family. Members of these protein families vary in the number of their predicted transmembrane segments and, consequently, diverse quinone-binding sites are expected. Only a few of these enzymes have been isolated and characterized biochemically and high-resolution structures are limited. This mini-review briefly summarizes predicted and experimentally demonstrated properties of the proteins in question and discusses their role in electron transport and bioenergetics of anaerobic respiration.
A growing burden: the pathogenesis, investigation and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2007)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disorder in western countries, and its incidence is increasing. This review outlines the significant health burden posed by NAFLD and discusses what is presently known about its pathogenesis, including the roles of the metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines. The way in which NAFLD is clinically diagnosed is described, and areas of uncertainty surrounding its investigation are identified, before discussing the relative merits of the limited treatment options available and looking ahead to potential therapeutic strategies for the future.
Outer membrane proteins from rough strains of four Brucella species (1984)

Outer membrane proteins from 15 rough strains of Brucella abortus, B. ovis, B. canis, and B. melitensis were extracted with a dipolar detergent, and outer membrane proteins from selected strains were purified by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration (Verstreate et al., Infect. Immun. 35:979-989, 1982). Outer membrane proteins produced two types of profiles on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One type, demonstrated by B. abortus, B. ovis, and B. canis strains, contained the three predominant protein groups present in smooth B. abortus strains (Verstreate et al., Infect. Immun. 35:979-989, 1982): groups 1, 2 (porin [Douglas et al., Infect. Immun. 44:16-21]), and 3. B. melitensis strains demonstrated the second profile type, in which there was an additional band between groups 1 and 2. The relative proportion of porin was considerably lower in B. ovis, B. canis, and B. melitensis than in B. abortus. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles could be used to distinguish B. abortus and B. melitensis from each other and from B. canis and B. ovis. The amino acid compositions of groups 2 and 3 from rough strains of B. abortus, B. canis, and B. melitensis were similar to those of corresponding proteins from smooth B. abortus strains. Zwittergent-soluble fractions from most rough strains contained antigen [b], which cross-reacted with group 2 from smooth B. abortus strains, and antigens [c] and [d], which cross-reacted with group 3 from smooth B. abortus strains. Antigen [a], shared by groups 2 and 3 (D. R. Verstreate and A. J. Winter, Infect. Immun. 46:182-187, 1984), was detected in most rough strains. None of these antigens were related to either rough or smooth lipopolysaccharide.
Optical Activation of Er<sup>3+</sup> Implanted in Silicon by Oxygen Impurities (1990)

Luminescence spectra and SIMS measurements of Er-doped silicon are presented in this paper. Luminescence was found to be stronger in Czochralski-grown Si crystals, known to contain up to 10 18 cm -3 of oxygen center. Direct role played by oxygen impurities in the optical activation of the 1.54 µm luminescence was demonstrated by implanting oxygen into Er implanted layers in silicon at concentrations comparable to those of Er. Possible mechanisms of enhancement of photoluminescence are discussed.
Novel transient scattering technique for femtosecond dephasing measurements (1984)

A novel transient scattering technique is proposed for femtosecond dephasing time measurements. This technique provides several advantages compared with existing techniques for time-domain dephasing measurements, including resolution below the pulse width, insensitivity to rapid energy relaxation, and clear demarcation between homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening. We report experimental results for the dye Nile blue in solution; the dephasing time T(2) is determined to be less than 20 fsec.
Emissivity of Weathered Conductors After Service in Rural and Industrial Environments (1962)

It has been recognized for many years that well-weathered conductors, after being energized for a period of time, have a dark surface resulting in an emissivity sometimes as high as 0.98, whereas a new conductor has an emissivity of approximately 0.23. The length of time needed to develop a high emissivity with the consequent higher current capability is of interest. Samples from various parts of the United States, with the time of service been collected and the emissivity determined. A conductor energized at 500 kv for 1 year at Leadville, Colo., at an altitude of 10,500 feet above sea level, had the same emissivity, 0.23, as a new conductor.
The Study of Traffic Flow Information Completion Based on GAN Algorithm (2018)

In urban road traffic, detectors often cause incomplete data and missing data as a result of inadequate coverage or equipment damage and other reasons. Therefore, the data needs to be repaired to ensure data support for the traffic management service. This paper regards traffic flow data from section geomagnetic detectors as the object, processing graphically section flow information. And the missing data of network is predicted and complemented by the idea of generating network analysis images. This paper analyzes the influence of missing area size and loss at random of data on the accuracy of complete information. The results prove the feasibility and applicability of this method.
Randomized Phase I Trial of Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor Plus Chemotherapy: Potential Role as Mucosal Protectant (2003)

KGF is generally well tolerated when administered IV at doses up to 40 microg/kg/d for 3 days before a 5-day course of FU plus leucovorin. A clinically meaningful biologic effect was also suggested in that patients treated with the epithelial growth factor KGF had a lower rate of grade 2 to 4 mucositis than did patients treated with placebo.
Benzazole. XXVII. Glucosidierungen des Benzimidazolons (1970)

Abstract Bei der Glucosidierung des Benzimidazolonylenquecksilbers mit Acetobromglucose in siedendem Benzol entsteht das N‐Glucosid 2 , welches durch Behandeln mit Diphosphorpentasulfid in das N‐(Tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐benzimidazolthion übergeführt werden kann. Durch Kochen von Benzimidazolon mit Acetobromglucose und Silbercarbonat in Toluol erhält man das O‐Glucosid 4 neben wenig N‐Glucosid 2 . Das O‐Glucosid 4 lagert sich beim Kochen mit Quecksilber(II)‐bromid in Benzol teilweise zum N‐Glucosid 2 um. Die Umsetzung von N,N′‐Bis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐benzimidazolon und Acetobromglucose in siedendem Benzol bei Gegenwart von Quecksilber(II)‐bromid und Quecksilberoxid liefert das N‐Glucosid 2 . Das N,N′‐Diglucosid 3 läßt sich aus N,N′‐Bis‐(tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐benzimidazol durch Oxydation mit Selendioxid in Acetanhydrid darstellen.
Selective Oxidation with N-Bromosuccinimide. II. Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Oxidation with N-Bromosuccinimide. II. Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triolLouis F. Fieser and Srinivasa. RajagopalanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 12, 3938–3941Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01180a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01180a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views785Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coupled Cyclodextrin Appending Imidazole as an Enzyme Model (1994)

Abstract Novel imidazole-appended coupled β-cyclodextrin (6) was prepared by the condensation of 6-deoxy-6-(l-histidylamino)-β-cyclodextrin and 6-(carboxymethylthio)-6-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The enzyme-like activities of 6 were studied by measuring the rates for the hydrolysis reaction of some kinds of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates (C2, C3, C6, and C12). 6 showed large acceleration ability and substrate specificity for only p-nitrophenyl C6 ester.
Foxc2 enhances proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through activating Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway in mouse preadipocytes (2015)

Forkhead box C2 (Foxc2) protein is a transcription factor in regulation of development, metabolism, and immunology. However, the regulatory mechanisms of Foxc2 on proliferation and apoptosis of preadipocytes are unclear. In this study, we found that high-fat-diet-induced obesity elevated the expression of Foxc2 and cyclin E after 6 weeks. Additionally, Foxc2 suppressed preadipocyte differentiation, increased cell counts and augmented G1-S transition of preadipocytes, along with the elevation of cyclin E expression and the reduction levels of p27 and p53. Furthermore, Foxc2 knockdown reduced early apoptotic cells with accompanying reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased fragmentation of genomic DNA. We show that Foxc2 reduces the expression of Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in both serum-starved and palmitic acid-induced cell apoptotic models, which confirms the anti-apoptotic role of Foxc2. Moreover, the protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)C1 signaling pathway and the ERK/mTORC1 signaling pathway were activated along with preadipocyte proliferation in response to Foxc2 overexpression, whereas apoptosis marker genes were downregulated during this process. Those effects were blocked by the interference of Foxc2 or signal pathways specific inhibitors. These data collectively reveal that Foxc2 enhances proliferation of preadipocytes and inhibits apoptosis of preadipocytes by activating the Akt/mTORC1 and ERK/mTORC1 signaling pathways.
Review Chiral resolutions, asymmetric synthesis and amplification of enantiomeric excess (1988)

The notion of molecular chilarily is important from both a theoretical standpoint, and a practical point of view. Chemists therefore showed an early interest in :
Eyes Wide Shut: Amygdala Mediates Eyes-Closed Effect on Emotional Experience with Music (2009)

<div><p>The perceived emotional value of stimuli and, as a consequence the subjective emotional experience with them, can be affected by context-dependent styles of processing. Therefore, the investigation of the neural correlates of emotional experience requires accounting for such a variable, a matter of an experimental challenge. Closing the eyes affects the style of attending to auditory stimuli by modifying the perceptual relationship with the environment without changing the stimulus itself. In the current study, we used fMRI to characterize the neural mediators of such modification on the experience of emotionality in music. We assumed that closed eyes position will reveal interplay between different levels of neural processing of emotions. More specifically, we focused on the amygdala as a central node of the limbic system and on its co-activation with the Locus Ceruleus (LC) and Ventral Prefrontal Cortex (VPFC); regions involved in processing of, respectively, ‘low’, visceral-, and ‘high’, cognitive-related, values of emotional stimuli. Fifteen healthy subjects listened to negative and neutral music excerpts with eyes closed or open. As expected, behavioral results showed that closing the eyes while listening to emotional music resulted in enhanced rating of emotionality, specifically of negative music. In correspondence, fMRI results showed greater activation in the amygdala when subjects listened to the emotional music with eyes closed relative to eyes open. More so, by using voxel-based correlation and a dynamic causal model analyses we demonstrated that increased amygdala activation to negative music with eyes closed led to increased activations in the LC and VPFC. This finding supports a system-based model of perceived emotionality in which the amygdala has a central role in mediating the effect of context-based processing style by recruiting neural operations involved in both visceral (i.e. ‘low’) and cognitive (i.e. ‘high’) related processes of emotions.</p></div>
Large-Signal Equivalent Circuit for IMPATT-Diode Characterization and Its Application to Amplifiers (1973)

A frequency-independent lumped equivalent circuit is proposed for characterizing the large-signal behavior of IMPATT diodes. It has five elements including a negative resistance, two of which are quadratic functions of the single-frequency RF voltage across the device. It is used for computer-aided analysis and the design of reflection-type negative-resistance amplifiers employing IMPATT diodes. The frequency response of the amplifier is calculated for different input power levels and the nature of the results is found to be in agreement with published experimental results.
Far-Infrared Therapy (2007)

Vascular access malfunction, usually presenting with an inadequate access flow (Qa), is the leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Many methods of thermal therapy have been tried for improving Qa but with limited effects. This randomized trial was designed to evaluate the effect of far-infrared (FIR) therapy on access flow and patency of the native arteriovenous fistula (AVF). A total of 145 HD patients were enrolled with 73 in the control group and 72 in the FIR group. A WS TY101 FIR emitter was used for 40 min, and hemodynamic parameters were measured by the Transonic HD(02) monitor during HD. The Qa(1)/Qa(2) and Qa(3)/Qa(4) were defined as the Qa measured at the beginning/at 40 min later in the HD session before the initiation and at the end of the study, respectively. The incremental change of Qa in the single HD session with FIR therapy was significantly higher than that without FIR therapy (13.2 +/- 114.7 versus -33.4 +/- 132.3 ml/min; P = 0.021). In comparison with control subjects, patients who received FIR therapy for 1 yr had (1) a lower incidence (12.5 versus 30.1%; P < 0.01) and relative incidence (one episode per 67.7 versus one episode per 26.7 patient-months; P = 0.03) of AVF malfunction; (2) higher values of the following parameters, including Delta(Qa(4) - Qa(3)) (36.2 +/- 82.4 versus -12.7 +/- 153.6 ml/min; P = 0.027), Delta(Qa(3) - Qa(1)) (36.3 +/- 166.2 versus -51.7 +/- 283.1 ml/min; P = 0.035), Delta(Qa(4) - Qa(2)) (99.2 +/- 144.4 versus -47.5 +/- 244.5 ml/min; P < 0.001), and Delta(Qa(4) - Qa(2)) - Delta(Qa(3) - Qa(1)) (62.9 +/- 111.6 versus 4.1 +/- 184.5 ml/min; P = 0.032); and (3) a better unassisted patency of AVF (85.9 versus 67.6%; P < 0.01). In conclusion, FIR therapy, a noninvasive and convenient therapeutic modality, can improve Qa and survival of the AVF in HD patients through both its thermal and its nonthermal effects.
PCR in Diagnosis of Infection: Detection of Bacteria in Cerebrospinal Fluids (2002)

The PCR is the most sensitive of the existing rapid methods to detect microbial pathogens in clinical specimens. In particular, when specific pathogens that are difficult to culture in vitro or require a long cultivation period are expected to be present in specimens, the diagnostic value of PCR is known to be significant. However, the application of PCR to clinical specimens has many potential pitfalls due to the susceptibility of PCR to inhibitors, contamination and experimental conditions. For instance, it is known that the sensitivity and specificity of a PCR assay is dependent on target genes, primer sequences, PCR techniques, DNA extraction procedures, and PCR product detection methods. Even though there are many publications concerning basic protocols of a PCR assay, including DNA extraction and preparation as well as the amplification and detection of amplicons, PCR detection of bacteria in clinical specimens such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not yet been reviewed. Since a variety of clinical specimens, such as blood, urine, sputum, CSF and others, vary in regard to the nature of the content and amount available, careful design of the PCR assay for each specific specimen before a PCR application is conducted is essential. In particular, a diagnosis based on detection of a few bacteria in clinical specimens by using PCR must be carefully evaluated technically as well as microbiologically. In this regard, current studies concerning detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in CSF obtained from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by using PCR provide a good example for discussion of use of the PCR assay in diagnosis. Because C. pneumoniae is difficult to culture in vitro, often low numbers of bacteria may be detected in the CSF of patients with chronic neurological diseases by PCR. Therefore, in this review general PCR protocols for detection of bacteria in clinical specimens, as well as a specific example of using PCR for detection of C. pneumoniae in CSF, will be discussed.
Studies on Heterocyclic Compounds. IV. Geometrical Isomers of 2-(2, 6-Dichlorobenzylidenehydrazino)-1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine Hydrochloride and Its Related Hydrazones (1976)

The structure of a mild and durable antihypertensive agent, 2-(2, 6-dichlorobenzylidenehydrazino)-1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine hydrochloride (IIIa) (OT-24) was established by nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments. The anti-isomer (IIIa) was found to easily isomerize to the syn-isomer (IIIb) by irradiation of an ultraviolet ray on aqueous and methanol solution. Several related hydrazones were synthesized and their configuration was examined.
Geometry extra-redundant almost fixed solutions: A high integrity approach for carrier phase ambiguity resolution for high accuracy relative navigation (2008)

Carrier phase (CP) real time kinematic (RTK) GPS techniques have become widely used in high accuracy relative positioning applications. CP RTK can achieve centimeter-level accuracy by resolving the integer carrier phase cycle ambiguities, creating extremely precise ranging measurements. However, in applications that require high integrity in addition to high accuracy, proving the probability of correct fix (PCF) of the CP ambiguities can be an impediment to the relative positioning system achieving high service availability. In this paper a new algorithmic approach, called geometry extra-redundant almost fixed solution (GERAFS), for high accuracy and high integrity commercial or military GPS relative navigation applications is described. The GERAFS technique relies on the fact that occasional incorrect CP ambiguity fixes can still be acceptable from accuracy and integrity perspectives. A method for quantifying the integrity protection levels associated with these so-called ldquoalmost fixed solutionsrdquo is developed. The centimeter level positioning accuracy with high integrity achieved with GERAFS is demonstrated with simulated and recorded test range GPS sensor data.
<title>Excimer-laser-induced permanent electrical conductivity and nanostructures in polymers</title> (1993)

The electrical conductivity of high temperature polymers (i.e. polyimide) has been changed permanently from 10<SUP>-17</SUP> (Omega) <SUP>-1</SUP> cm<SUP>-1</SUP> to 10 (Omega) <SUP>-1</SUP> cm<SUP>-1</SUP> by KrF (248 nm) excimer laser irradiation. The conduction mechanism is found to be phonon assisted variable range hopping between small (approximately 10 nm) carbon rich clusters that form a macroscopic percolation cluster. Using a holographic technique, periodic line structures with periods ranging from 166 nm to 950 nm have been produced in polyimide by direct ablation with a KrF excimer laser. Taking advantage of the large nonlinearity in the laser ablation process, linewidths ranging from 30 nm to several hundred nm could be obtained. This technique was combined with the ability to induce electrical conductivity in polyimide to produce an array of 500 nm wide electrically conducting wires. The conductivity of these wires was similar to that found in macroscopic regions of laser induced conductivity.