gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isosorbide dinitrate bioavailability, kinetics, and metabolism (1985)

We studied the kinetics of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) after a dose of 5 mg iv and the bioavailability of a sublingual and an oral preparation of ISDN. Plasma levels of isosorbide 5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN), isosorbide 2-mononitrate (IS-2-MN), and ISDN were determined by GLC. After intravenous and sublingual dosing, ISDN plasma levels declined biexponentially and could adequately be described by an open two-compartment body model. Distribution was rapid; the t1/2 was 4.7 minutes after intravenous injection and 8.7 minutes after sublingual dosing. The volume of distribution at steady state was 90 L. The terminal disappearance t1/2 was 54.7 minutes after intravenous injection, 48.8 minutes after sublingual dosing, and 47.7 minutes after oral dosing. Total plasma clearance was 136 L/hr, exceeding normal liver plasma flow and indicating extrahepatic metabolism of ISDN. ISDN bioavailability after oral (10 mg) or sublingual dosing (10 mg) was similar (about 29%), indicating that the first-pass effect cannot be avoided by sublingual ISDN dosing. After intravenous ISDN, mononitrate plasma levels could be adequately described by another two-compartment body model. The terminal t1/2 was 4.33 hours for IS-5-MN and 1.83 hours for IS-2-MN. Noncompartmental calculations of the mononitrate levels revealed 100% systemic availability after oral and sublingual ISDN. We assume that ISDN was completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but 70% was metabolized during the first pass through the liver. After 5 mg iv ISDN, 16 mumol IS-5-MN and 5.3 mumol IS-2-MN reached systemic circulation. The entire dose of ISDN was converted to its two metabolites in a ratio of 3:1 (i.e., 75% IS-5-MN and 25% IS-2-MN).
High Mobility Group Box I (HMGB1) Release From Tumor Cells After Treatment: Implications for Development of Targeted Chemoimmunotherapy (2007)

We have recently demonstrated that cytolysis of human melanoma cells by immune effectors (both NK and T cells) is associated with release of the nuclear chromatin protein, high mobility group box I (HMGB1). Extracellular HMGB1 mediates a number of important functions including endothelial cell activation, stromagenesis, recruitment and activation of innate immune cells, and also dendritic cell maturation that, in the setting of cancer, lead to a chronic inflammatory response. This reparative inflammatory response promotes tumor cell survival, expansion, and metastases. Release of HMGB1 after chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity has not been well characterized. We measured the release of HMGB1 after chemotherapy or immune cytolysis and demonstrated that this did not correlate with conventional markers of apoptosis and necrosis in several human colorectal, pancreatic, and melanoma tumor cell lines. Rather, we observed that tumor cells incubated with the platinating agent oxaliplatin, retained HMGB1 within the nucleus for significantly longer periods than other agents used at comparable cytotoxic concentrations or even with potent cytolytic cells. Thus, release of HMGB1 from dying tumor cells treated with chemotherapy or cells with lymphokine activated killer cell activity is not dependent solely on the mode of cell death. Sequestration of the damage associated molecular pattern molecule, HMGB1, may play a role in the clinical efficacy of platinating agents and suggests this as a superior agent for coupling with immunotherapeutic strategies, possibly enhancing their effectiveness.
Release and uptake of catecholamines in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis measured in the mouse brain slice (2002)

Abstract The release and clearance of electrically evoked catecholamine (CA) in the ventral portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTV) in mouse brain slices was evaluated with fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon‐fiber microelectrodes (CFME). Uptake in this region was observed to be markedly slower than in the caudate putamen (CPu). Clearance rates were reduced in the BSTV in both norepinephrine transporter knockout (NET KO) and dopamine transporter knockout (DAT KO) mice when compared to results in wild‐type (WT) mice. However, uptake was faster in the BSTV in both the DAT and NET KO mice than in the CPu of DAT KO mice. This indicates that both transporters play a role in CA clearance in the BSTV. The transporters restrict extracellular CA to the general area of the BSTV, as revealed by the diminished signal as the CFME is moved sequentially further and further from the site where CA release is evoked. However, in slices from the DAT KOs and NET KOs, CA release could be observed outside of the BSTV region during such experiments. These results show that the low rate uptake in the BSTV facilitates extrasynaptic diffusion of catecholamine, but that uptake still regulates and limits the range of the transmitter to the region. Slower clearance from the extracellular fluid allows the released CA to act as a volume transmitter and diffuse to distant sites within the region to exert its neurochemical action. Synapse 44:188–197, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time-resolved microwave conductivity. Part 2.—Quantum-sized TiO<sub>2</sub>and the effect of adsorbates and light intensity on charge-carrier dynamics (1994)

Charge-carrier recombination dynamics after a pulsed laser excitation are investigated by time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) for quantum-sized (Q-) TiO2 and P25, a bulk-phase TiO2. Adsorbed scavengers such as HNO3, HCl, HClO4, isopropyl alcohol, trans-decalin, tetranitromethane, and methyl viologen dichloride result in different charge-carrier recombination dynamics for Q-TiO2 and P25. The differences include a current doubling with isopropyl alcohol for which electron injection into Q-TiO2 is much slower than into P25 and relaxation of the selection rules of an indirect-bandgap semiconductor due to size quantization. However, the faster interfacial charge transfer predicted for Q-TiO2 due to a 0. 2 eV gain in redox overpotentials is not observed. The effect of light intensity is also investigated. Above a critical injection level, fast recombination channels are opened, which may be a major factor resulting in the dependence of the steady-state photolysis quantum yields on l–1/2. The fast recombination channels are opened at lower injection levels for P25 than for Q-TiO2, and a model incorporating the heterogeneity of surface-hole traps is presented.
Stem cells and morphogenesis (2007)

Stem cells (SCs) can self‐renew and to differentiate along multiple lineages to generate different tissues. In the embryo, multipotent SCs respond to various cues to undergo morphogenesis and produce these tissues. For tissues to function, cells must orient themselves and interact with their neighbors. The skin is an excellent model to explore how an undifferentiated SC generate 3 functional tissues: epidermis, sebaceous gland and hair follicles. Embryonic skin begins as a single layer of multipotent SCs, which adhere to each other and to an underlying basement membrane rich in extracellular matrix. Both cell‐cell and cell‐substratum interactions are essential for the epidermis to form. As development proceeds, these SCs respond to key signals, including Wnts, Bmps, Shh, Notch and Fgfs, to either stratify to produce epidermis or grow downward to generate hair follicles. Basal cells remaining in contact with the basement membrane maintain proliferative potential, while suprabasal cells that are removed from their substratum differentiate. We've begun to dissect how extrinsic signaling to SCs sets off a cascade of changes in transcription that govern cell fate decisions, cell‐cell and cell substratum remodeling, stratification and tissue morphogenesis. When this process is defective, cells fail to integrate morphogenetic signals and polarize the cytoskeleton, resulting in tissue dysfunction.
Autism Treatment in the First Year of Life: A Pilot Study of Infant Start, a Parent-Implemented Intervention for Symptomatic Infants (2014)

The goal of early autism screening is earlier treatment. We pilot-tested a 12-week, low-intensity treatment with seven symptomatic infants ages 7-15&nbsp;months. Parents mastered the intervention and maintained skills after treatment ended. Four comparison groups were matched from a study of infant siblings. The treated group of infants was significantly more symptomatic than most of the comparison groups at 9&nbsp;months of age but was significantly less symptomatic than the two most affected groups between 18 and 36&nbsp;months. At 36&nbsp;months, the treated group had much lower rates of both ASD and DQs under 70 than a similarly symptomatic group who did not enroll in the treatment study. It appears feasible to identify and enroll symptomatic infants in parent-implemented intervention before 12&nbsp;months, and the pilot study outcomes are promising, but testing the treatment's efficacy awaits a randomized trial.
Improvement of a gene targeting system for genetic manipulation in Penicillium digitatum (2014)

Penicillium digitatum is the most important pathogen of postharvest citrus. Gene targeting can be done in P. digitatum using homologous recombination via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation (ATMT), but the frequencies are often very low. In the present study, we replaced the Ku80 homolog (a gene of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway) with the hygromycin resistance cassette (hph) by ATMT. No significant change in vegetative growth, conidiation, or pathogenicity was observed in Ku80-deficient strain (ΔPdKu80) of P. digitatum. However, using ΔPdKu80 as a targeting strain, the gene-targeting frequencies for both genes PdbrlA and PdmpkA were significantly increased. These results suggest that Ku80 plays an important role in homologous integration and the created ΔPdKu80 strain would be a good candidate for rapid gene function analysis in P. digitatum.
Clinical study on the correlation between ILIB and its enhancing radiosensitivity in esophageal carcinoma (2009)

Objective To investigate the effects of low-energy He-Ne intravascular laser irradiation on blood (ILIB) on the immune function, hemorrheology and survival rate of patients with esophageal carcinoma. Methods 180 patients with esophageal carcinoma were randomly divided into control group (90 cases, treated by single radiotherapy) and sensitization group (90 cases, treated by radiotherapy plus ILIB). The immune function, hemorrheology and survival rate of two groups were observed and compared before and after radiation therapy. Resulte compared to control group, the index of the immune function and hemorrheology and survival rate of patients were significantly improved, and the 1-3 year cumulative survival rate was obviously increased. Conclu-sions ILIB has an important clinical significance for enhancing radiosensitivity in esophageal carcinoma.

Key words: 
Low-energy He-Ne intravascular laser irradiation on blood (ILIB);  Esophageal carcinoma;  Sensitization
Antiviral Activity of a Carrageenan from<i>Gigartina skottsbergii</i>against Intraperitoneal Murine<i>Herpes simplex</i>Virus Infection (2006)

The partially cyclized mu/nu-carrageenan 1C3, isolated from the red seaweed Gigartina skottsbergii, was previously shown to be a potent inhibitor of the in vitro replication of Herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2). Here the protective effect of 1C3 in a murine model of intraperitoneal ( i. p.) HSV-1 infection was evaluated. OF1 mice were i. p. infected with 5 x 10 (5) PFU of HSV-1 KOS strain, and the effects of different treatments with 1C3 were studied. When 30 mg/kg of body weight of 1C3 was administered by the i. p. route immediately after HSV-1 infection, 87.5 % survival of the animals was achieved (p < 0.005), associated with a delay in the mean day of death in 1C3-treated non-surviving mice. Animal survival was not improved when multiple doses of 1C3 were also given in the period 1 - 48 h post-infection, and no protection was afforded when treatment was started after 24 h of infection. When virus and compound were injected by different routes, i. p. and intravenous ( i. v.), respectively, a still significant protection was achieved (40 % survival, p < 0.05). No toxicity of 1C3 for the animals was recorded. The pharmacokinetic properties were analyzed after injection of 1C3 into the tail vein by monitoring of [ (3)H]-1C3 in plasma and organs and by a bioassay of the anti-HSV-1 activity remaining in serum after non-radioactive 1C3 inoculation. A very rapid disappearance of the compound from the blood was observed since only 5.9 - 0.9 % of the radioactivity of the initially administered [ (3)H]-1C3 appeared in the plasma between 5-300 minutes after administration. A transient peak of radioactivity was detected in the kidney 15 minutes after inoculation. The bioassay confirms the presence of the compound circulating in a biologically active form up to 1 hour after injection.
Growth of cadmium telluride by solvent evaporation (1977)

Cadmium telluride can be grown from cadmium or tellurium rich solutions of the two elements by gradually adjusting the composition of the solution until the three phase surface is intersected. This is achieved, in the technique described, by removing excess cadmium from a cadmium rich solution by evaporation. The temperature of a reservoir of cadmium is slowly reduced, whilst maintaining a constant thermal environment in the growth region, thus reducing the activity of cadmium in the solution.
Statistical Performance Modeling and Parametric Yield Estimation of MOS VLSI (1987)

A major cost in statistical analysis occurs in repeated system simulation as system parameters are varied. To reduce this cost, the system performances are approximated by regression models in terms of critical system parameters. These models are then used to predict the performance variations and parametric yield. This paper presents a systematic and computationally efficient method for deriving regression models of MOS VLSI circuit performances that can be used to estimate the parametric yield. This method consists of four fundamental steps: simulation point selection, model fitting and validation, model improvement, and parametric yield estimation. An average mean-squared error criterion is used to select an optimal set of points in the design space for circuit simulations, and the adequacy of the fitted regression model is checked rigorously. It will be shown through examples that accurate statistical performance models and parametric yield estimate for MOS VLSI can be derived by using four or five critical device parameters and a small number of circuit simulations.
Conception d'une matrice reconfigurable pour coprocesseur fortement couplé (2013)

National audience
SMERT: energy-efficient design of a multimedia messaging system for mobile devices (2006)

Customized multimedia content delivery has become one of the most desirable applications to mobile device users. However its intense usage of wireless and user interfaces poses a great challenge to device usability and battery lifetime. In this paper, we describe our design and implementation of an energy-efficient multimedia messaging system to address this challenge. We construct a hierarchical system for users to access multimedia content, leveraging widely available short message service (SMS), an embedded system-based new interfacing device, and the Internet capability of mobile devices. Being the first of its type, the new system not only reduces energy overhead but also improves the usability of the service
Functional Dichotomy in Natural Killer Cell Signaling (2001)

The product of the protooncogene Vav1 participates in multiple signaling pathways and is a critical regulator of antigen-receptor signaling in B and T lymphocytes, but its role during in vivo natural killer (NK) cell differentiation is not known. Here we have studied NK cell development in Vav1-/- mice and found that, in contrast to T and NK-T cells, the absolute numbers of phenotypically mature NK cells were not reduced. Vav1-/- mice produced normal amounts of interferon (IFN)-gamma in response to Listeria monocytogenes and controlled early infection but showed reduced tumor clearance in vivo. In vitro stimulation of surface receptors in Vav1-/- NK cells resulted in normal IFN-gamma production but reduced tumor cell lysis. Vav1 was found to control activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules. In contrast, conjugate formation appeared to be only mildly affected, and calcium mobilization was normal in Vav1-/- NK cells. These results highlight fundamental differences between proximal signaling events in T and NK cells and suggest a functional dichotomy for Vav1 in NK cells: a role in cytotoxicity but not for IFN-gamma production.
Efficient search and design procedures for robust multi-stage VQ of LPC parameters for 4 kb/s speech coding (1993)

A tree-searched multistage vector quantization (VQ) scheme for linear prediction coding (LPC) parameters which achieves spectral distortion lower than 1 dB with low complexity and good robustness using rates as low as 22 b/frame is presented. The M-L search is used, and it is shown that it achieves performance close to that of the optimal search for a relatively small M. A joint codebook design strategy for multistage VQ which improves convergence speed and the VQ performance measures is presented. The best performance/complexity tradeoffs are obtained with relatively small size codebooks cascaded in a 3-6 stage configuration. It is shown experimentally that as the number of stages is increased above the optimal performance/complexity tradeoff, the quantizer robustness and outlier performance can be improved at the expense of a slight increase in rate. Results for log area ratio (LAR) and line spectral pairs (LSPs) parameters are presented. A training technique that reduces outliers at the expense of a slight average performance degradation is introduced. The method significantly outperforms the split codebook approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transtelephonic electrocardiogram and voice signal transmitter-receiver system (1988)

A transmitter-receiver communication system is developed to provide simultaneous voice and electrocardiogram (ECG) transmission capability via the public switched telephone network. The basic voice frequency passband of a telephone circuit is approximately 0-4000 Hz, of which the voice actually occupies roughly 200-3400 Hz. For dual-channel signaling (voice and ECG) the voice signal is bandlimited to about 2500 Hz (still providing intelligible speech quality) and is mixed with an ECG signal transported to a 3000-Hz center frequency. The ECG signal is passed through a 250-Hz low-pass filter and is amplitude-modulated on a 3-kHz carrier frequency. On the receiving side these two signal channels are separated, and the ECG signal is demodulated to the baseband using a phase-locked-loop technique. The ECG signal is displayed on a monitor. The hard copy of the ECG signal can also be obtained using a strip chart recorder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive Detection of Arbitrarily Shaped Ultrashort Quantum Light States (2012)

A quantum state of light is the excitation of a particular spatiotemporal mode of the electromagnetic field. A precise control of the mode structure is therefore essential for processing, detecting, and using photonic states in novel quantum technologies. Here we demonstrate an adaptive scheme, combining techniques from the fields of ultrafast coherent control and quantum optics, for probing the arbitrary complex spectrotemporal profile of an ultrashort quantum light pulse. The ability to access the modal structure of a quantum light state could boost the capacity of current quantum information protocols.
Observations on the composition and activity of partially arylated insulin (1953)

Research Article| January 01 1953 Observations on the composition and activity of partially arylated insulin G. L. Mills G. L. Mills 1Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1953) 53 (1): 37–40. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0530037 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation G. L. Mills; Observations on the composition and activity of partially arylated insulin. Biochem J 1 January 1953; 53 (1): 37–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0530037 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1953 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1953 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Optimizing aggregate array computations in loops (2005)

An aggregate array computation is a loop that computes accumulated quantities over array elements. Such computations are common in programs that use arrays, and the array elements involved in such computations often overlap, especially across iterations of loops, resulting in significant redundancy in the overall computations. This article presents a method and algorithms that eliminate such overlapping aggregate array redundancies and shows analytical and experimental performance improvements. The method is based on incrementalization, that is, updating the values of aggregate array computations from iteration to iteration rather than computing them from scratch in each iteration. This involves maintaining additional values not maintained in the original program. We reduce various analysis problems to solving inequality constraints on loop variables and array subscripts, and we apply results from work on array data dependence analysis. For aggregate array computations that have significant redundancy, incrementalization produces drastic speedup compared to previous optimizations; when there is little redundancy, the benefit might be offset by cache effects and other factors. Previous methods for loop optimizations of arrays do not perform incrementalization, and previous techniques for loop incrementalization do not handle arrays.
Metadata model, resource discovery, and querying on large scale multidimensional datasets. The GEREQ project (2002)

At present, geographic image databases make very limited use of metadata. There is a need to somehow manage a meta-level system on top of such a kind of information systems. Issues in this field include a representation model for geographic data, the relationship between metadata and resource discovery on geographic data, and efficient query processing in a distributed environment. In such a background, the GEREQ project is targeted to address three critical aspects: (1) clustering approaches that can detect clusters of arbitrary shape of multidimensional data, which are generated from geographic images; (2) metadata model that formulates the metadata for the integrated system to direct a query to relevant databases; (3) development of theoretical foundation of database selection approaches based on the metadata; and (4) query processing approaches that integrate heterogeneous queries extracted from the content of image data. Furthermore, fundamental understanding of relationships between metadata and resource discovery on multidimensional data will be tackled. Results obtained from this research are critical to retrieval on large volumes of multidimensional data distributed over the Internet and will find broad applications as a template for the development of systems which manage multidimensional data. Experimental results will enable the establishment of effective benchmarks for assessing the performance of distributed geography image data retrieval systems.