gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
When Transactions Went High-Tech (2006)

This study aims at comparing the costs of trading for an institutional investor at the larger stock exchanges of Europe and the Northern countries. Based on figures for the last 8 years we find that, even though the cost levels have varied significantly both over time as well as among exchanges, the cost levels among exchanges have been clustering the last couple of years. Further analyses of the cost figures for 2004 indicate that the direct costs of trading are approximately identical across the major European markets. Derived from both an empirical and a statistical analysis we find that the direct cost levels have been declining significantly the last years, with up to 35 percent. Furthermore, we identify the system turnover as a statistical significant explanatory variable for both the indirect and the direct costs, hence for the total cost. This relationship has not been pointed out previously. According to our results, one would expect both the implicit and explicit costs to depreciate as the system activity appreciates. This link serves as weak evidence of the fact that coalescing trading systems might imply lower future trading costs <b>TOPICS:</b>Exchanges/markets/clearinghouses, big data/machine learning
Characterization of Anti-Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Monoclonal Antibodies (1983)

17 monoclonal antibodies generated against purified hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), subtype ayw, were characterized by solid-phase radioimmunoassays. Eleven of these antibodies had specificity against the group-specific alpha determinant of HBsAg, two demonstrated antibody activity against the w HBsAg subtype, one against human serum albumin, and three against human IgG. All monoclonal antibodies were of the IgG class.
La recerca en ciència i tecnologia dels aliments a Catalunya (2000-2009): una aproximació a partir de fonts d’informació públiques (2011)

La recerca, el desenvolupament i la innovacio en ciencia i tecnologia
dels aliments es un factor clau per a la competitivitat de la industria
alimentaria catalana. Per aquest motiu, el Grup de Recerca Alimentaria de
l'Associacio Catalana de Ciencies de l'Alimentacio (ACCA) ha efectuat un treball de
documentacio sobre indicadors de recerca i innovacio en l'area de la ciencia i
tecnologia dels aliments en el decenni 2000-2009, en col·laboracio amb l'Observatori
de la Recerca de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans (OR-IEC). En aquesta publicacio es
recullen els principals resultats d'aquest treball. A mes de presentar dades
descriptives sobre entitats i recursos humans i economics dedicats a la recerca i
desenvolupament en alimentacio, el document analitza la produccio cientifica en el
periode i les dades sobre sol·licituds de patents europees, indicadors clau per a la
transferencia de coneixement i la innovacio en aquesta area. Els resultats indiquen
que durant el decenni 2000-2009 la produccio cientifica ha augmentat
progressivament, igual que la qualitat dels articles publicats, ja que el nombre
de citacions per article s'ha incrementat notablement, i esta a l'altura dels
paisos europeusmes desenvolupats. Aixi mateix, es interessant l'evolucio
positiva en el nombre de patents europees en l'area d'alimentacio al llarg del
periode estudiat.
En definitiva, el treball realitzat representa un punt de partida en el
coneixement i seguiment de la situacio de la recerca alimentaria a Catalunya. En
el futur, es proposa continuar el treball aprofundint en la recollida de dades i la
seva interpretacio, aixi com considerar ampliar-lo a altres arees de coneixement
relacionades, com ara la nutricio.
The Youth Revolution (1969)

The causes for the emerging 'youth revolution' or revolt by the young or 'the under-30s' in Europe, the United States and Australia is discussed in terms of its most likely consequences. The increasing number of young people in society and their expanding education and awareness is leading to a 'revolution' against the 'Establishment', which is proposed to fizzle out when they are faced with the challenges of life.
Hydrogen Sulfide Waste, Treatment By Microwave Plasma Dissociation (2005)

A new waste-treatment technology for hydrogen sulfide using a microwave-generated plasma to dissociate hydrogen sulfide appears to have a substantial economic edge over the current industrial technology. The advantage of the plasma process is that it can recover hydrogen, as well as sulfur, from hydrogen sulfide. Since the plasma process requires less energy to dissociate hydrogen sulfide than is needed to generate hydrogen, the new process will save a substantial amount of energy. Experimental results from the Soviet technical literature and Argonne National L-aboratory indicate that the microwave energy required to dissociate pure hydrogen sulfide may be only slightly greater than its heat of formation. In addition, tests at Argonne with typical refinery sour gas compositions indicated the plasma waste-treatment process can dissociate hydrogen sulfide in the presence of carbon dioxide, water, and methane.
An Fe <sub>2</sub> <sup>IV</sup> O <sub>2</sub> Diamond Core Structure for the Key Intermediate Q of Methane Monooxygenase (1997)

A new paradigm for oxygen activation is required for enzymes such as methane monooxygenase (MMO), for which catalysis depends on a nonheme diiron center instead of the more familiar Fe-porphyrin cofactor. On the basis of precedents from synthetic diiron complexes, a high-valent Fe2(micro-O)2 diamond core has been proposed as the key oxidizing species for MMO and other nonheme diiron enzymes such as ribonucleotide reductase and fatty acid desaturase. The presence of a single short Fe-O bond (1.77 angstroms) per Fe atom and an Fe-Fe distance of 2.46 angstroms in MMO reaction intermediate Q, obtained from extended x-ray absorption fine structure and Mössbauer analysis, provides spectroscopic evidence that the diiron center in Q has an Fe2IVO2 diamond core.
Privacy Against Statistical Matching: Inter-User Correlation (2018)

Modern applications significantly enhance user experience by adapting to each user's individual condition and/or preferences. While this adaptation can greatly improve utility or be essential for the application to work (e.g., for ride-sharing applications), the exposure of user data to the application presents a significant privacy threat to the users, even when the traces are anonymized, since the statistical matching of an anonymized trace to prior user behavior can identify a user and their habits. Because of the current and growing algorithmic and computational capabilities of adversaries, provable privacy guarantees as a function of the degree of anonymization and obfuscation of the traces are necessary. Our previous work has established the requirements on anonymization and obfuscation in the case that data traces are independent between users. However, the data traces of different users will be dependent in many applications, and an adversary can potentially exploit such. In this paper, we consider the impact of correlation between user traces on their privacy. First, we demonstrate that the adversary can readily identify the association graph, revealing which user data traces are correlated. Next, we demonstrate that the adversary can use this association graph to break user privacy with significantly shorter traces than in the case when traces are independent between users, and that independent obfuscation of the data traces is often insufficient to remedy such. Finally, we discuss how the users can employ dependency in their obfuscation to improve their privacy.
Problemi di Michelangiolismo Padano : Tibaldi e Nosadella (1988)

Sulla scorta di una nuova documentazione d'archivio, viene ricostruita la figura di uno dei più originali collaboratori di Pellegrino Tibaldi, riprospettandone il catalogo e la cronologia e restituendo autorevolezza agli studi compiuti da Voss sull'artista. Si fornisce una nuova datazione, appoggiata a documenti, per la pala dell'Oratorio di Santa Maria della Vita che segna un svolta in chiave neoraffaellesca per l'ambiente bolognese e si mette in luce il ruolo del pittore nella confraternita dei Battuti di Santa Maria della Vita . Si discute inoltre un'addenda al catalogo giovanile di Girolamo Mirola, altro collaboratore del Tibaldi e successivamente pittore al servizio dei Farnese a Parma e a Roma.
Onset of Cardiac Function During Early Mouse Embryogenesis Coincides With Entry of Primitive Erythroblasts Into the Embryo Proper (2003)

When cardiac function and blood flow are first established are fundamental questions in mammalian embryogenesis. The earliest erythroblasts arise in yolk sac blood islands and subsequently enter the embryo proper to initiate circulation. Embryos staged 0 to 30 somites (S) were examined in utero with 40- to 50-MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM)-Doppler, to determine onset of embryonic heartbeat and blood flow and to characterize basic physiology of the very early mouse embryonic circulation. A heartbeat was first detected at 5 S, and blood vascular flow at 7 S. Heart rate, peak arterial velocity, and velocity-time integral showed progressive increases that indicated a dramatically increasing cardiac output from even the earliest stages. In situ hybridization revealed an onset of the heartbeat coincident with the appearance of yolk sac-derived erythroblasts in the embryo proper at 5 S. Early maturation of the circulation follows a tightly coordinated program.
Measurement of surface roughness by a machine vision system (1989)

A new method of surface roughness measurement was developed for use in a production environment. This method employs a microcomputer-based vision system to analyse the pattern of scattered light from the surface to derive a roughness parameter. The roughness parameters were obtained for a number of tool-steel samples which were ground to different roughnesses. A correlation curve was established by plotting the roughness parameters against the corresponding average surface roughness readings obtained from a stylus instrument. Similar correlation curves were produced for different materials such as brass and copper. Surface roughness measurement was also performed for specimens immersed in oil, a condition similar to that of a production environment. Some observable trends were found. The proposed method provides a fast and accurate means for measuring surface roughness. Its repeatability and versatility compares favourably with other methods.
Two-Dimensional (Crossed) Immunoelectrophoresis (2003)

Two-dimensional (2-D) immunoelectrophoresis, also known as crossed immunoelectrophoresis, is a particularly useful technique for the quantitation of mixtures of proteins and the analysis of the composition of protein mixtures. The method consists of two sequential electrophoretic steps: 1. The first dimension, during which the protein mixture to be analyzed is separated by electrophoresis in an agarose gel. 2. The second dimension, during which the separated proteins are electrophoresed at right angles into a freshly applied layer of agarose containing a predetermined amount of antibody.
Real-time x-ray response of biocompatible solution gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor devices (2010)

We present the real-time x-ray irradiation response of charge and pH sensitive solution gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. The devices show stable and reproducible behavior under and following x-ray radiation, including a linear integrated response with dose into the μGy range. Titration measurements of devices in solution reveal that the linear pH response and sensitivity are not only retained under x-ray irradiation, but an irradiation response could also be measured. Since the devices are biocompatible, and can be simultaneously operated in aggressive fluids and under hard radiation, they are well-suited for both medical radiation dosimetry and biosensing applications.
[Alternating magnetic field damages the reproductive function of murine testes]. (2009)

Magnetic field, either strong or weak, may damage the testis function by inducing injury to seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells, thickening of the basal membrane, derangement, exfoliation, massive apoptosis and necrosis of spermatogenic cells in the lumen, situation of the epididymis, and consequently the absence of sperm.
Assessment of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer for Two-Color DNA Microarray Platforms (2010)

Two-color DNA microarray platforms are widely used for determining differential amounts of target sequences in parallel between sample pairs. However, the fluorescence (or Forster) resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two fluorophores can potentially result in the distortions of the measured fluorescence signals. Here we assessed the influence of FRET on the two-color DNA microarray platform and developed a reliable and convenient method for the correction of FRET distortion. Compared to current methods of normalization based on the statistical analysis and the hypothesis that only a small part of target sequences are differentially presented between sample pairs, our FRET correction method can recover the undistorted signals by the compensation of fluorescence emission, without considering the number of target sequences differentially presented. The correction method was validated with samples at different target ratios and with microarrays spotted in different probe concentrations. We also applied the FRET correction method to gene expression profiling arrays, and the results show that FRET was present when the content of target sequence was beyond a threshold amount and that the process incorporating our FRET correction method can improve the reliability of the gene expression profiling microarray platform in comparison with the current process without FRET correction.
Self-Aligned Local Channel Implantation Using Reverse Gate Pattern for Deep Submicron Dynamic Random Access Memory Cell Transistors (1998)

In this paper, we propose the highly manufacturable self-aligned local channel implant (SALCI) cell structure for dynamic random access memory of 4 Gb and larger. For conventional cell transistors, data retention degradation caused by the junction leakage current and capacitance become unavoidable as the gate length is scaled down, due to the highly doped channel. In order to achieve more enhanced and reliable performance under low-voltage operation, decreasing substrate doping beneath the source/drain junction while maintaining high substrate doping at the channel region by means of the self-aligned local channel implant without additional photomask steps will be very useful.
Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reactions of Pyruvic Derivatives (2008)

Simple chiral primary-tertiary diamine-Brønsted acid conjugates such as 1e can effectively catalyze the direct aldol reactions of pyruvic derivatives with excellent syn diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities, thus functionally mimicking the pyruvate-dependent type I aldolases.
Design, fabrication, and verification of a three-dimensional autocollimator (2016)

The autocollimator is an optical instrument for noncontact angle measurement with high resolution and a long detection range. It measures two-dimensional angles, i.e., pitch and yaw, but not roll. In this paper, we present a novelly structured autocollimator capable of measuring three-dimensional (3D) angles simultaneously. In this setup, two collimated beams of different wavelengths are projected onto a right-angle prism. One beam is reflected by the hypotenuse of the prism and received by an autocollimation unit for detecting pitch and yaw. The other is reflected by the two legs of the right-angle prism and received by a moiré fringe imaging unit for detecting roll. Furthermore, a prototype is designed and fabricated. Experiments are carried out to evaluate its basic performance. Calibration results show that this prototype has angular RMS errors of less than 5 arcsec in all 3Ds over a range of 1000 arcsec at a working distance of 2 m.
Nanoimprinting-lithography-induced self-aligned liquid crystals for novel multifunctional optical films (2006)

Polymerizable nematic liquid crystal (LC) was adopted as a resist for our newly developed nanoimprinting lithography process. Liquid crystal molecules were self-aligned during imprinting process without precoated alignment layer. The large patterned area was able to achieve 4×4cm2 at very low impriting pressure, 1.5bar. The optical anisotropic was verified through polarized optical microscopy and the retardation was measured by polarized ultraviolet/visible spectrometer. The micrograted LC films prepared by this novel method offer the potential applications for a LC alignment layer within LC cells, as well as preparation of optical anisotropic films.
A scalable architecture for supporting interactive games on the internet (2002)

This paper presents a scalable architecture for supporting large-scale interactive Internet games. In order to support a large number of participants and to divide the workload, the virtual world is divided into partitions. Each partition is then assigned to a server. A client (i.e., a player or a participant) will join a server according to the position of the avatar it controls. Compared to a centralized architecture, this distributed client-server architecture is more scalable. In addition, compared to a fully distributed, peer-to-peer architecture, it also provides a means for detecting cheating in distributed games. Since interactions and accounting information must be forwarded directly to one of the servers for qualification and verification, cheating amongst distributed players of the game will be minimized. To support secured communication for interactions and accounting information as well as to speedup periodic update messages (e.g., position updates), a hybrid communication scheme using both TCP and IP multicast is used between clients and the associated server. The communication among servers is enabled by the Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI) services. The High Level Architecture (HLA) Data Distribution Management (DDM) is employed to limit the amount of communication between the servers. In addition, the Ownership Management (OM) is also employed to implement the need for transferring the avatars between servers. In this paper, the design detail of the architecture will be presented. An experimental interactive Internet game realized using the architecture will be also described in the paper.
Thanatophobia and opiophobia of hospice nurses compared with that of other caregivers (2000)

In meeting national needs for our terminally ill, health care educators need to become more aware of their students' aptitudes for hospice work. For these reasons we measured hospice nurses' attitudes toward caring for the terminally ill and their views on using opioids, and compared them to those of other health care personnel and their students. Thirty-eight hospice nurses, 64 other nurses, 93 physicians, and 676 senior medical students participated in this study. Our primary measures were scales assessing thanatophobia and opiophobia and a battery of personal and professional role trait measures. Our results indicated that in providing end-of-life care, hospice nurses expressed less discomfort, helplessness, and frustration, and indicated less reluctance to use opioids than did any of the other groups surveyed. Overall, these hospice nurses had 35 percent lower opiophobia and 55 percent lower thanatophobia scores than the other health care professionals. Despite dealing with issues of death and dying on a daily basis, hospice nurses also scored lower on depressed mood. In caring for the terminally ill, hospice nurses' other personal traits were also less maladaptive than those of the other health professionals. Psychiatrists exhibited the most opiophobia, not only scoring higher than physicians practicing oncology, but also higher than senior medical students. To assure cancer patients that they can expect to live their lives free of pain, medical educators can use these thanatophobia and opiophobia scales to develop better teaching, counseling, and monitoring strategies.
An all-digital bang-bang PLL using two-point modulation and background gain calibration for spread spectrum clock generation (2015)

An all-digital spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) using two-point modulation is presented. To calibrate the gain mismatch between two modulation paths, a background gain calibration method is proposed. To reduce power consumption and design complexity, the bang-bang phase-frequency detector (BBPFD) is used instead of the time-to-digital converter (TDC). The prototype chip has been fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process and it consumes 6 mW at 2.5 GHz. The measured minimum rms jitter is 1.58 ps.
Desenvolvimento de sílicas organofuncionalizadas para pré-concentração de cátions metálicos em meio aquoso e etanólico (2007)

A snapshot imaging polarimeter using spatial modulation can encode four Stokes parameters allowing instantaneous polarization measurement from a single interferogram. However, the reconstructed polarization images could suffer a severe aliasing signal if the high-frequency component of the intensity image is prominent and occurs in the polarization channels, and the reconstructed intensity image also suffers reduction of spatial resolution due to low-pass filtering. In this work, a method using two anti-phase snapshots is proposed to address the two problems simultaneously. The full-resolution target image and the pure interference fringes can be obtained from the sum and the difference of the two anti-phase interferograms, respectively. The polarization information reconstructed from the pure interference fringes does not contain the aliasing signal from the high-frequency component of the object intensity image. The principles of the method are derived and its feasibility is tested by both computer simulation and a verification experiment. This work provides a novel method for spatially modulated imaging polarization technology with two snapshots to simultaneously reconstruct a full-resolution object intensity image and high-quality polarization components.
Patellazole C: a novel cytotoxic macrolide from Lissoclinum patella (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPatellazole C: a novel cytotoxic macrolide from Lissoclinum patellaT. Mark. Zabriskie, Charles L. Mayne, and Chris M. IrelandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 23, 7919–7920Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00231a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00231a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts