gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In<inf>0.53</inf>Ga<inf>0.47</inf>As/Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>n-channel and p-channel inversion mode MISFET's (1981)

We describe the operation of both n-channel and p-channel Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> insulated gate In <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</inf> As inversion mode MISFET's. These devices exhibit a maximum transconductance of 4mS/mm which represents a significant improvement over previously reported In <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</inf> As MISFET results.
Computational study of high-speed liquid droplet impact (2002)

We are investigating the fluid dynamics of high-speed (500 m/s) small size (200 μm in diameter) droplet impact on a rigid substrate. Utilizing a high-resolution axisymmetric solver for the Euler equations, we show that the compressibility of the liquid medium plays a dominant role in the evolution of the phenomenon. Compression of the liquid in a zone defined by a shock wave envelope, very high velocity lateral jetting, and expansion waves in the bulk of the medium are the most important mechanisms identified, simulated, and discussed. Comparisons of computationally obtained jetting inception times with analytic results show that agreement improves significantly if the radial motion of liquid in the compressed area is taken into account.
The effects of acute and chronic exercise on <scp>PGC</scp>‐1α, irisin and browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans (2013)

Irisin was first identified as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) dependent myokine with the potential to induce murine brown-fat-like development of white adipose tissue. In humans, the regulatory effect of training on muscle FNDC5 mRNA expression and subsequently irisin levels in plasma is more controversial. We recruited 26 inactive men (13 normoglycaemic and normal weight, controls; and 13 slightly hyperglycaemic and overweight, pre-diabetes group) aged 40-65 years for a 12-week intervention of combined endurance and strength training with four sessions of training per week. Before and after the 12-week intervention period, participants were exposed to an acute endurance workload of 45 min at 70% of VO(2max), and muscle biopsies were taken prior to and after exercise. Skeletal muscle mRNA for PGC1A and FNDC5 correlated and both PGC1A and FNDC5 mRNA levels increased after 12 weeks of training in both control and pre-diabetes subjects. Circulating irisin was reduced in response to 12 weeks of training, and was increased acutely (~1.2-fold) just after acute exercise. Plasma concentration of irisin was higher in pre-diabetes subjects compared with controls. There was little effect of 12 weeks of training on selected browning genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. UCP1 mRNA did not correlate with FNDC5 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue or skeletal muscle or with irisin levels in plasma. We observed no enhancing effect of long-term training on circulating irisin levels, and little or no effect of training on browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in humans.
Sucrose Synthase Localization during Initiation of Seed Development and Trichome Differentiation in Cotton Ovules (1995)

Sucrose synthase in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ovules was immunolocalized to clarify the relationship between this enzyme and (a) sucrose import/utilization during initiation of seed development, (b) trichome differentiation, and (c) cell-wall biosynthesis in these rapidly elongating "fibers." Analyses focused on the period immediately before and after trichome initiation (at pollination). Internal tissues most heavily immunolabeled were the developing nucellus, adjacent integument (inner surface), and the vascular region. Little sucrose synthase was associated with the outermost epidermis on the day preceding pollination. However, 1 d later, immunolabel appeared specifically in those epidermal cells at the earliest visible phase of trichome differentiation. The day following pollination, these cells had elongated 3- to 5-fold and showed a further enhancement of sucrose synthase immunolabel. Levels of sucrose synthase mRNA also increased during this period, regardless of whether pollination per se had occurred. Timing of onset for the cell-specific localization of sucrose synthase in young seeds and trichome initials indicates a close association between this enzyme and sucrose import at a cellular level, as well as a potentially integral role in cell-wall biosynthesis.
Fault maintenance trees: Reliability centered maintenance via statistical model checking (2016)

The current trend in infrastructural asset management is towards risk-based (a.k.a. reliability centered) maintenance, promising better performance at lower cost. By maintaining crucial components more intensively than less important ones, dependability increases while costs decrease. This requires good insight into the effect of maintenance on the dependability and associated costs. To gain these insights, we propose a novel framework that integrates fault tree analysis with maintenance. We support a wide range of maintenance procedures and dependability measures, including the system reliability, availability, mean time to failure, as well as the maintenance and failure costs over time, split into different cost components. Technically, our framework is realized via statistical model checking, a state-of-the-art tool for flexible modelling and simulation. Our compositional approach is flexible and extendible. We deploy our framework to two cases from industrial practice: insulated joints, and train compressors.
Systemic agents in the management of acne. (1967)

Topical therapy including incision of pustules and injection of corticosteroids into nodular and cystic lesions remains the mainstay of the management of acne. Systemic agents, including diuretics, corticosteroids, broad spectrum antibiotics and progestin-estrogen combinations are significant and valuable additions to the therapy of resistant pustulocystic acne. They are, however, not without side effects and they should be reserved for carefully selected patients for whom they may, when used with discretion, produce gratifying results with relatively low risk.
Interference cancellation for third generation mobile radio systems (2002)

An algorithm for estimating and suppressing intercell interference in a hybrid C/TDMA system is presented. A scheme consisting in two coupled algorithms running in parallel has been chosen, with a joint detection block to detect data from the users of interest and a probabilistic algorithm relying on the theory of hidden Markov models to perform blind interference cancellation. Observation through an array of sensors is also considered. In order to assess performance of the proposed algorithm, a set of computer simulations adopting the FRAMES proposal for the UMTS air-interface is provided.
Root Substance Removal by Scaling and Root Planing (1991)

The amount of root substance removed by scaling and root planing is largely unknown. The present study evaluated in vitro the root substance loss caused by a defined number of working strokes at known forces. Forty extracted teeth with loss of connective tissue attachment into the middle third of the roots were washed and embedded in plaster, leaving one entire corono-apical tooth aspect exposed. The teeth were reproducibly repositioned in a bench-vise, where a profilometer repeatedly measured root surface levels at the same location. In a standard area of the roots a total of 40 working strokes were applied. Low forces were used in 30 teeth and high forces in 10 teeth. The forces were recorded using a piezo-electric receiver built into the upper shank of the curet. Root substance loss was measured after 5, 10, 20, and 40 working strokes. The results showed that the mean low force used per working stroke across all 40 strokes was 3.04 Newtons for the low forces, and 8.48 Newtons for the high forces. Mean cumulative loss of root substance across 40 strokes was 148.7 microns at low forces, and 343.3 microns at high forces. The mean force per stroke increased slightly across the 40 strokes, while substance removal per stroke decreased. Substance removal per stroke during strokes 1 to 5 was 6.8 microns using low forces and 20.6 microns using high forces. During strokes 21 to 40 mean removal per stroke was 2.3 microns at low forces, and 5.6 microns at high forces. These results suggest that high forces remove more root substance, and loss per stroke becomes less with increasing numbers of strokes.
How Proteins Work (2012)

High-throughputomics' projects such as genome sequencing, structural genomics and proteomics mean that there is no shortage of information on proteins. But the more information we have, the harder it is to make sense of it, to know where to start, and to identify the important results. This book is a clear, up to date and authoritative account of
Scanning Electron Microscope Optics and Spectrometers (2010)

Introduction Conventional SEM Design Objective Lens Improvements Abberation Correction for SEM Electron Spectrometers and Filters Secondary Electron Spectrometers Auger Electron Spectrometers Backscattered Electron Spectrometers An Add-on Transmission Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer Attachment Full-Range Energy Spectrometer Designs A Multi-beam Spectra-Microscope Proposal.
Prediction of polymer properties (1993)

Topological method for structure-property correlations volumetric properties thermodynamic properties cohesive energy and solubility parameter transition and relaxation temperatures surface tension and interfacial tension optical properties electrical properties magnetic properties mechanical properties properties of polymers in dilute solutions sheer viscosity thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity transport of small penetrant molecules.
Preparation of asymmetric 3-arm polybutadiene and polystyrene stars (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of asymmetric 3-arm polybutadiene and polystyrene starsRobert W. Pennisi and Lewis J. FettersCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 4, 1094–1099Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00182a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00182a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recovering system of swing braking energy in hydraulic excavator (2012)

In order to recover the braking energy from the hydraulic excavator during swing phase,an automatic hydraulic-controlled braking energy recovery system was proposed which can automatically identify the swing stage by the pressure difference between inlet and outlet of the swing pump and determining distribution algorithm of the recovering energy.One normal school function was introduced.State of pressure(SOP) of the accumulator,the outlet pressure of the hydraulic pump and the feedback pressure from negative-flow control were considered as input signals.According to the real-time required power of the load,the energy distribution algorithm was proposed based on the comprehensive constant-power negative-flow control between the main power source and the auxiliary power source(that is engine and accumulator),which ensures the normal operation of the swing mechanism.Simulation results show that the hydraulic excavator equipped with the swing recovery system can achieve 16.3% energy saving compared with the baseline under the same working condition,and the overall chain efficiency from the total braking energy to the terminal swing mechanism is as much as 50.0% approximately while the swing is utilized as the actuator alone.
Sequence of an osmotically inducible lipoprotein gene (1989)

The osmB gene of Escherichia coli, whose expression is induced by elevated osmolarity, was cloned and physically mapped to a 0.65-kilobase-pair NsiI-HincII DNA fragment at 28 min on E. coli chromosome. The OsmB protein was identified in minicells expressing the cloned gene. The nucleotide sequence of a 652-base-pair chromosomal DNA fragment containing the osmB gene was determined. The open reading frame encodes a 72-residue polypeptide with an Mr of 6,949. This reading frame was confirmed by sequencing the fusion joint of an osmB::TnphoA gene fusion. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the open reading frame is consistent with reported signal sequences of exported proteins. The sequence around the putative signal sequence cleavage site, Leu-Ser-Ala-Cys-Ser-Asn, is highly homologous to the consensus sequence surrounding the processing site of bacterial lipoproteins. The presence of a lipid moiety on the protein was confirmed by demonstrating the incorporation of radioactive palmitic acid and inhibition of processing by globomycin. Preliminary localization of the authentic OsmB protein was determined in minicells harboring a plasmid that carries the NsiI-HincII fragment; it was primarily in the outer membrane. Surprisingly, an osmB mutant carrying the osmB::TnphoA insertion mutation was more resistant to the inhibition of metabolism by high osmolarity than the parent strain was.
Tumorigenesis of Chemotherapeutic Drug-Resistant Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Brain Glioma (2007)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring brain cancer. Although the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in GBM has been established, there is little evidence to explain the link between CSCs and chemoresistance. In this study, we developed a dissociated cell system of human GBM cells, A172 and established GBM2 cells, that have shown resistance to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). After exposure to a lethal dose of BCNU, the small population of GBM cancer cells survived and proliferated, as opposed to direct inhibition of the apoptosis and activation of the proliferation signal. Also, these cells contained subpopulations of stem-like cells, expressing CD133, CD117, CD90, CD71, and CD45 cell-surface markers, and had the capacity for multipotency. Moreover, we observed that BCNU-resistant subpopulations derived from GBM cancer cells can be grown to tumors when transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse brain. These results demonstrated that BCNU-resistant subpopulations derived from GBM have cancer stem-like cell properties. These findings provide further evidence that CSCs in GBM display chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Hopefully, it will be possible to improve the therapeutic outcome of GBM, leading to better anticancer strategies.
Low dose rate radiation testing of advanced CMOS technology (AC/ACT) series parts for space flight applications (2003)

The authors describe the low dose radiation test results performed on Advanced CMOS technology (AC/ACT) series parts for a spaceflight project. The parts were procured to Standard Military Drawings (SMD) and MIL-STD-883 specifications. Radiation testing was performed on 32 different part types at dose rates ranging from 0.07 to 1.44 rads(Si)/sec. at steps of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100, 200 and 300 krads(Si). Annealing was performed after the 100 krads(Si) step for 168 hours at 25 degrees C and after the 300 krads(Si) step for 168 hours at 100 degrees C. Most parts passed functional tests up to 100 krads(Si) exposure, but showed increases in quiescent current (I/sub cc/) measurements over the pre-irradiation specification limits in the manufacturer's data sheets. This I/sub cc/ degradation varied for different part types and lot data codes. These test results confirmed the need for lot sample radiation testing of AC/ACT parts for space flight applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nanocomposites of poly(vinylidene fluoride) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2009)

Abstract The preparation and characterization of nanocomposites of poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, with acid treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with a wide composition range, from 0.1 to 5.0% MWCNT by weight, is reported. Effect of uniaxial orientation by zone drawing on these nanocomposites is discussed and compared with unoriented compression molded films. Static room temperature two‐dimensional wide angle X‐ray scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for phase identification. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetic analysis (TGA) were used to study the thermal and mechanical properties. Incorporation of MWCNT into PVDF has no obvious effect in forming beta phase crystal in the PVDF/MWCNT bulk films, while zone drawing cause a significant alpha to beta transition in PVDF/MWCNT. Results indicate that MWCNTs act as nucleation agent during crystallization and slightly increase the degree of crystallinity of PVDF/MWCNT bulk films. TGA indicates the thermal stability is improved when MWCNT concentration increases for unoriented PVDF/MWCNT film. The modulus also increases significantly when MWCNT concentration increases. The glass transition temperature measured by the peak position of tanδ from DMA does not change with MWCNT concentration, but a slightly higher glass transition can be obtained by zone drawing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Comparison of Silicon Containing Resist and Silylation of Imaged Resist for Multilayer Resist Lithography on a Metal Lift‐Off Application (1991)

A comparison of two multilayer resist systems is presented here by evaluation on a metal lift‐off application. A silicon containing resist and the chemical silylation of imaged resist are characterized for use in metal lift‐off. The materials and process details are described. Both methods show adequate performance for the application studied here. However, the thermal stability of the silicon resist is questionable for metal deposition and thus requires UV hardening which complicates this bilayer process. Conversely, silylation of imaged resist simultaneously hardens the material but requires this extra step to impart oxygen plasma resistance.
Research on Distributed New Energy Information Interconnection Mode Based on Blockchain Consensus Mechanism (2020)

Under the background that distributed new energy is widely connected to the power grid, the operation mode of traditional power grid data acquisition and processing platform is prone to data transmission errors and high risk of information security. This paper proposes a distributed new energy information interconnection mode based on the consensus mechanism of blockchain, which is based on the characteristics of decentralized, traceable and tamper-proof of blockchain technology. The purpose of this mode is to ensure the security and reliability of large-scale new energy access to the power grid in the future and integrate the distributed new energy generation and consumption data from all over the country. Considering that there is no Byzantine fault tolerance in the power system itself, the improved RAFT consensus algorithm is selected to be applied to the scenario of grid information interconnection, and the corresponding measures are given under the condition of grid fault splitting. Finally, the rationality of the algorithm is analyzed from the perspective of algorithm complexity and fault tolerance, which can provide a reference for the future development of distributed new energy information interconnection mode.
Vehicle navigation using differential GPS (2002)

It is pointed out that GPS (Global Positioning System), like any other means of navigation, has its own error sources that are unique to its implementation. The implementation of differential GPS deals with a process whereby most of these errors can be minimized, if not eliminated, thus improving the overall accuracy of GPS to a level of a few meters. These test results are presented, and applications of differential GPS are discussed. It is concluded that, in many applications where GPS navigation system and bidirectional data links exist and are in place, the cost of implementing differential GPS is minimal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Full Text LINK - email (2004)

One software feature in the Personal Health Link (PHL) Project allows members of Kaiser Permanente to send secure e-mail messages to clinicians and staff. As an early step in the PHL evaluation process, a group of primary care physicians met to discuss their opinions and experiences with e-mail interactions with patients and to suggest strategies for effectively managing these e-mail interactions. Most clinicians spoke from their experience with e-mail interactions with patients in a conventional e-mail environment; only one clinician in the group was using PHL.
Pyrazinamide Sterilizing Activity <i>In Vitro</i> against Semidormant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Bacterial Populations (1992)

Previously, we reported that pyrazinamide has very poor bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis growing in broth at pH 5.6. In the present study, cultivation at pH 4.8 to 5.0 in 7H12 broth prevented an increase in the number of viable bacteria, but the cultures remained metabolically active. The presence of 50 micrograms/ml pyrazinamide in semidormant cultures led to a sharp decline in the number of viable bacteria, by more than 1,000-fold. This unfavorable environment probably made the bacilli especially vulnerable to pyrazinamide, whose mode of action remains unclear. To distinguish this effect of pyrazinamide on the semidormant bacteria from its mostly bacteriostatic activity against actively multiplying bacteria, we suggest interpreting the in vitro effect as "sterilizing."