gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation for compression-accuracy trade-off using compressive sensing for EEG-based epileptic seizure detection in wireless tele-monitoring (2013)

Brain is the most important part in the human body controlling muscles and nerves; Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals record brain electric activities. EEG signals capture important information pertinent to different physiological brain states. In this paper, we propose an efficient framework for evaluating the power-accuracy trade-off for EEG-based compressive sensing and classification techniques in the context of epileptic seizure detection in wireless tele-monitoring. The framework incorporates compressive sensing-based energy-efficient compression, and noisy wireless communication channel to study the effect on the application accuracy. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) and compressive sensing are used for EEG signals acquisition and compression. To obtain low-complexity energy-efficient, the best data accuracy with higher compression ratio is sought. A reconstructed algorithm derived from DCT of daubechie's wavelet 6 is used to decompose the EEG signal at different levels. DCT is combined with the best basis function neural networks for EEG signals classification. Extensive experimental work is conducted, utilizing four classification models. The obtained results show an improvement in classification accuracies and an optimal classification rate of about 95% is achieved when using NN classifier at 85% of CR in the case of no SNR value. The satisfying results demonstrate the effect of efficient compression on maximizing the sensor lifetime without affecting the application's accuracy.
Preparation and coercive force of melt-spun Pr-Fe alloys (1980)

Amorphous Pr1−x-Fex (0.45⩽x⩽0.90) alloys were prepared over a wide compositional range by melt spinning. Significant room-temperature intrinsic coercivities were found; a maximum of 2.8 kOe was found at composition x=0.6. At reduced temperature (20 K) coercivities as high as 60 kOe were observed. High-purity constituents were required to obtain amorphous samples over the composition interval 0.66⩽x⩽0.90.
A novel design methodology for Nth order, shielded longitudinal coils for NMR (1996)

A new method is presented for the design of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shim coils. The design methodology is the simulated annealing of the conductor positions, where the error function to minimize contains spherical harmonic field errors and other coil properties. This very flexible method allows pure, compact, low-inductance coils to be designed. Active magnetic shielding has been incorporated in the design process, enabling these coils to be used for rapid, pulsed experiments without the generation of deleterious eddy currents. The details for longitudinal coil designs are presented here. A shielded coil was built to test the design process and demonstrated good correlation with theoretical predictions.
Amadori glycated proteins: role in production of autoantibodies in diabetes mellitus and effect of inhibitors on non-enzymatic glycation. (2013)

Nonenzymatic glycation of macromolecules, especially proteins leading to their oxidation is increased in diabetes mellitus due to hyperglycemia and play an important role in associated complications of the disease. The glycation primarily occurs at intrachain lysine residues of proteins and results in the formation of an early stage stable product as Amadori-lysine which undergo further irreversible chemical reactions to form advanced glycation endproducts. This review deals with the role of Amadori modified proteins in pathogenesis of diabetes. We aim to explain immunogenicity of Amadori-glycated proteins, which might be involve in production of serum autoantibodies in the diabetic patients, and effect of inhibitors on the glycation process.
Integrated CMOS linear dosimeters (1998)

This paper presents a review of radiation sensors; their basic principles and a possible use as built-in sensors in integrated circuits exposed to ionizing radiation. Two radiation dosimeters are discussed: threshold and linear. All are CMOS circuits compatible with standard technology using pMOSFET sensors. An integrated dosimetry system including microprocessor interface for remote monitoring is described.
Sub‐Equimolar Hydrolysis and Condensation of Organophosphates (2016)

Abstract The in‐situ hydrolysis and subsequent condensation reaction of the chemical agent simulant diethyl chlorophosphate (DECP) was characterized by high‐resolution 31 P NMR spectroscopy following the addition of water in sub‐equimolar concentrations. The identification and quantification of the multiple pyrophosphate and larger polyphosphate chemical species formed through a series of self‐condensation reactions are reported. The DECP hydrolysis kinetics and distribution of breakdown species was strongly influenced by the water concentration and reaction temperature.
Direct CC Cross‐Coupling of Secondary and Primary Alcohols Catalyzed by a γ‐Alumina‐Supported Silver Subnanocluster (2009)

Let's drink to that! Two alcohols (one primary and one secondary) can be coupled in an atom-efficient process by a hydrogen-autotransfer catalytic system in the form of silver subnanoclusters supported on gamma-Al(2)O(3). The recyclable heterogeneous catalyst promoted the one-pot C-C cross-coupling in the presence of a catalytic amount of the weak base Cs(2)CO(3) (see reaction mechanism).
In vitro evaluation of biocompatibility of surface-modified poly(methyl methacrylate) plate with rabbit lens epithelial cells (1992)

Collagen type I was immobilized onto a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plate by covalent bonding following surface modification by two methods. One method introduced amino groups by aminolysis with N-lithioethylenediamine (PMMA-NH2) and the other introduced carboxyl groups by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) and acrylamide (AAm) (PMMA-COOH). Lens epithelial rabbit cells were cultured on the PMMA plate which was immobilized with collagen. Polygonal cells with a mosaic appearance were observed on the PMMA-COOH plate immobilized with collagen type I, whereas pleomorphic cells were present on the virgin PMMA and on the PMMA-NH2 plate immobilized with collagen type I. We concluded the PMMA-COOH plate immobilized with collagen type I provided a more comfortable atmosphere for lens epithelial cells, causing no metaplasia, than the other plates used in this cell culture model experiment.
Polymeric Membrane Neutral Phenol-Sensitive Electrodes for Potentiometric G-Quadruplex/Hemin DNAzyme-Based Biosensing (2013)

The first potentiometric transducer for G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme-based biosensing has been developed by using potential responses of electrically neutral oligomeric phenols on polymeric membrane electrodes. In the presence of G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme and H(2)O(2), monomeric phenols (e.g., phenol, methylphenols, and methoxyphenols) can be condensed into oligomeric phenols. Because both substrates and products are nonionic under optimal pH conditions, these reactions are traditionally not considered in designing potentiometric biosensing schemes. However, in this paper, the electrically neutral oligomeric phenols have been found to induce highly sensitive potential responses on quaternary ammonium salt-doped polymeric membrane electrodes owing to their high lipophilicities. In contrast, the potential responses to monomeric phenolic substrates are rather low. Thus, the G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme-catalyzed oxidative coupling of monomeric phenols can induce large potential signals, and the catalytic activities of DNAzymes can be probed. A comparison of potential responses induced by peroxidations of 13 monomeric phenols indicates that p-methoxyphenol is the most efficient substrate for potentiometric detection of G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzymes. Finally, two label-free and separation-free potentiometric DNA assay protocols based on the G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme have been developed with sensitivities higher than those of colorimetric and fluorometric methods. Coupled with other features such as reliable instrumentation, low cost, ease of miniaturization, and resistance to color and turbid interferences, the proposed polymeric membrane-based potentiometric sensor promises to be a competitive transducer for peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme-involved biosensing.
Identification and characterization of the Streptomyces globisporus 1912 regulatory gene lndYR that affects sporulation and antibiotic production (2011)

Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of the Streptomyces globisporus 1912 gene lndYR, which encodes a GntR-like regulator of the YtrA subfamily. Disruption of lndYR arrested sporulation and antibiotic production in S. globisporus. The results of in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that the ABC transporter genes lndW-lndW2 are targets of LndYR repressive action. In Streptomyces coelicolor M145, lndYR overexpression caused a significant increase in the amount of extracellular actinorhodin. We suggest that lndYR controls the transcription of transport system genes in response to an as-yet-unidentified signal. Features that distinguish lndYR-based regulation from other known regulators are discussed.
Method and experimental study for diffractive/refractive micro-optical elements with continuous profile (2002)

A new method for microlens profile design was developed based on the analysis to the main parameters of microlens array, including micro profile formation, the numerical aperture ( NA ), the maximum sag depth for the refractive lens and the minimum zones width for the diffractive lens. With the relationships among the parameters, the microlens array in different profile can be determined effectively. The moving mask method[1] is used to realize the required profiles, an unique photolithography system have been built for implementing the mask moving exposure in both X and Y directions for the creation of microlens array. By modifying the binary moving mask, optimizing the photosensitive materials and the processing technique, the microlens profile error can be controlled in the range of 0.4µm~3µm depending on effective reliefdepth of the microlens. In our method, both diffractive and refractive microlens array with larger NA and higher fill factor can be fabricated for satisfying a plenty of purposes.
Synthetic model proteins. Positional effects of interchain hydrophobic interactions on stability of two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coils. (1992)

We have designed a model protein that consists of two identical 35-residue polypeptide chains, parallel and in-register arranged in a two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil structure. This structure is stabilized by interchain hydrophobic interactions between leucine residues at positions "a" and "d" of a repeating heptad sequence. To determine the positional effects of interchain hydrophobic interactions on the stability of the coiled-coil, a single leucine residue in each chain at position "a" (9, 16, 23, 30) and "d" (5, 12, 19, 26, 33) was systematically replaced by an alanine. All these proteins formed two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coils in benign conditions (0.05 M phosphate, 0.1 M KCl, pH 7). The stability of each mutant protein was determined by guanidine hydrochloride denaturation experiments, where the decrease in ellipticity at 220 nm was monitored by circular dichroism. The single alanine replacements of a leucine residue at hydrophobic positions a and/or d are all shown to destabilize the coiled-coil structure. The non-equivalent hydrophobic positions a and d make an equivalent contribution to protein stability along the majority of the coiled-coil structure (positions 9-30). The small decrease in coiled-coil stability caused by Leu----Ala substitution at either ends of the coiled-coil suggested that the Leu-Leu hydrophobic interactions are less important at the ends of the coiled-coil and the ends of the coiled-coil are more flexible. Analysis of the difference between the ellipticity in benign buffer and in 50% trifluoroethanol (delta theta 220) and the slope term from a plot of the free energy of unfolding versus guanidine hydrochloride concentration also supported the conclusion that the leucine residues at the ends of the coiled-coil are much less buried than in the middle section of the coiled-coil.
Design and operation of a virtual reality operator-training system (1996)

The risks to equipment and personnel associated with the manual operation of switching station equipment demand rigorous personnel instruction. Additionally, switching errors reduce customer service quality. With the virtual reality operator-training simulator ESOPE-VR, trainees can practice all necessary switching operations in complete safety, while maintaining a high degree of realism. A speech-recognition system allows for complete control of the training session by the operator trainee, while sound immersion adds a dimension of realism to the virtual world. An expert-system validates the trainee's operations at all stages of the process and provides verbal context-sensitive advice whenever errors are made. A steady-state power-flow simulator recalculates network variables whenever operator actions lead to changes in topology. The automated conversion of station single-line diagrams to realistic three-dimensional models permits an operator to be trained economically for of a large number of stations.
Acid-stable α-Amylase of Black Aspergilli (1968)

Some general properties of the acid-stable dextrinizing amylase of black Aspergillus were investigated comparing with those of Taka-amylase A. The mode of action on starch of this amylase was quite similar to that of Taka-amylase A. Saccharifying degree at red point in starch-iodine color reaction was 5.1% and the limit of starch saccharification was a little over 40 per cent calculated as glucose with both amylases. Maltase activity was absent. Degradation products in the course of starch hydrolysis were also quite similar and they mutarotated downward. So this amylase was decided to be α-type. Thermal stability of the acid-stable α-amylase was higher than that of Taka-amylase A. Its acid stability was much higher than that of Taka-amylase A. Taka-amylase A was inactivated completely at pH 2.2, 37°C, for 30min, but the acid-stable α-amylase retained 87% of its original activity.
Minority carrier lifetimes in ideal InGaSb/InAs superlattices (1992)

Calculations of band-to-band Auger and radiative recombination lifetimes of the recently proposed InxGa1−xSb/InAs superlattices (SL) show them to be promising infrared detectors. Several superlattices with energy gaps in the 5–11 μm range exhibit suppressed p-type Auger recombination rates due to a large light hole–heavy hole splitting. The p-type Auger lifetime at 77 K of an 11 μm InxGa1−xSb/InAs SL is found to be, respectively, three and five orders of magnitude longer than those of bulk and superlattice HgCdTe with the same energy gap. The n-type lifetimes are comparable.
SUPERCAR TECHNOLOGY NOW (1993)

SUBTITLE: WHILE PRESIDENT CLINTON'S CLEAN CAR PROGRAM SEARCHES FOR THE 80-MPG PASSENGER CAR, AN ADVANCED PLATFORM TEAM AT GM HAS ALREADY BUILT, TESTED AND DRIVEN MUCH OF ITS TECHNOLOGY.
Treatment of landfill leachate: Removal of ammonia by struvite formation (2014)

This paper presents a study of ammoniacal nitrogen removal by chemical precipitation resulting in the formation of ammonium and magnesium phosphat (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), known as struvite, from the leachate in the Delta A landfill, located in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. After the addition of a magnesium source (MgCl2·6H2O), and phosphorus (Na2HPO4·12H2O), ammoniacal nitrogen was precipitated as highly insoluble salt. The removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from the leachate exceeded 85% when the reaction was performed at an initial pH of 10.0. The highest efficiencies were achieved when the molar ratio between the ions involved in the reaction, i.e., Mg2+:PO43-:NH4+, was 1.2:1.0:1.0, respectively.Keywords: landfill, leachate, ammonia, nitrogen removal
pH Sensing with mesoporous thin films (2001)

Optically clear thin mesoporous films with covalently attached fluorescein entities are shown to exhibit very fast response pH sensing.
In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Other Antimicrobial Agents against the Cells and Spores of Clinical Isolates of <i>Bacillus</i> Species (2006)

Daptomycin inhibited 67 of 70 clinical isolates of Bacillus species at < or =1 microg/ml and 100% of them at < or =2 microg/ml. It showed bactericidal activity similar to that of ciprofloxacin against vegetative cells but not against spores. For 2 strains, the ciprofloxacin MICs were >4 g/ml, and 10 strains were resistant to erythromycin.
Synthesis of Masked 2-Amino-4,5-dihydro-4-oxopyrrole-3-carboxaldehydes (2007)

2-(1-Substituted-2-amino-4,5-dihydro-4-oxopyrrol-3-yl)-1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolium and -3-methylbenzothiazolium chlorides were prepared by reaction of 2-(2,3-dihydro-1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene)- and 2-(3-methylbenzothiazol-2-ylidene)-4-chloro-3-oxobutanenitriles with primary amines. The salts obtained were reduced to 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)- and 4-(2,3-dihydro-3-methylbenzothiazol-2-yl)-1-substituted-5-aminopyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These pyrrole derivatives were shown to serve as synthetic equivalents of the corresponding 2-aminopyrrole-3-carboxaldehydes. Thus, their treatment with phenylhydrazine yielded 1-substituted 2-amino-4,5-dihydro-4-oxopyrrole-3-carboxaldehyde phenylhydrazones, whereas condensation with malonodinitrile afforded 1-substituted 6-amino-2,3-dihydro-3-oxopyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitriles.
Engineered Micro‐Objects as Scaffolding Elements in Cellular Building Blocks for Bottom‐Up Tissue Engineering Approaches (2014)

A material-based bottom-up approach is proposed towards an assembly of cells and engineered micro-objects at the macroscale. We show how shape, size and wettability of engineered micro-objects play an important role in the behavior of cells on these objects. This approach can, among other applications, be used as a tool to engineer complex 3D tissues of clinically relevant size.
Inhibitory luminopsins: genetically-encoded bioluminescent opsins for versatile, scalable and hardware-independent optogenetic inhibition (2015)

Optogenetic techniques provide an unprecedented ability to precisely manipulate neural activity in the context of complex neural circuitry. Although the toolbox of optogenetic probes continues to expand at a rapid pace with more efficient and responsive reagents, hardware-based light delivery is still a major hurdle that limits its practical use in vivo. We have bypassed the challenges of external light delivery by directly coupling a bioluminescent light source (a genetically encoded luciferase) to an inhibitory opsin, which we term an inhibitory luminopsin (iLMO). iLMO was shown to suppress action potential firing and synchronous bursting activity in vitro in response to both external light and luciferase substrate. iLMO was further shown to suppress single-unit firing rate and local field potentials in the hippocampus of anesthetized rats. Finally, expression of iLMO was scaled up to multiple structures of the basal ganglia to modulate rotational behavior of freely moving animals in a hardware-independent fashion. This novel class of optogenetic probes demonstrates how non-invasive inhibition of neural activity can be achieved, which adds to the versatility, scalability, and practicality of optogenetic applications in freely behaving animals.
The sequence memoizer (2011)

Probabilistic models of sequences play a central role in most machine translation, automated speech recognition, lossless compression, spell-checking, and gene identification applications to name but a few. Unfortunately, real-world sequence data often exhibit long range dependencies which can only be captured by computationally challenging, complex models. Sequence data arising from natural processes also often exhibits power-law properties, yet common sequence models do not capture such properties. The sequence memoizer is a new hierarchical Bayesian model for discrete sequence data that captures long range dependencies and power-law characteristics, while remaining computationally attractive. Its utility as a language model and general purpose lossless compressor is demonstrated.
GaInNAsSb/GaAs vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs): current challenges and techniques to realize multiple-wavelength laser arrays at 1.55 μm (2008)

Multiple-wavelength laser arrays at 1.55 μm are key components of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems for increased bandwidth. Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) grown on GaAs substrates outperform their InP counterparts in several points. We summarize the current challenges to realize continuous-wave (CW) GaInNAsSb VCSELs on GaAs with 1.55 μm emission wavelength and explain the work in progress to realize CW GaInNAsSb VCSELs. Finally, we detail two techniques to realize GaInNAsSb multiple-wavelength VCSEL arrays at 1.55 μm. The first technique involves the incorporation of a photonic crystal into the upper mirror. Simulation results for GaAs-based VCSEL arrays at 1.55 μm are shown. The second technique uses non-uniform molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We have successfully demonstrated 1x6 resonant cavity light-emitting diode arrays at 850 nm using this technique, with wavelength spacing of 0.4 nm between devices and present these results.
Path sensitization in critical path problem (2002)

Since the delay of a circuit is determined by the delay of its longest sensitizable paths (such paths are called critical paths), the problem of estimating the delay of a circuit is called critical path problem. One important aspect of the critical path problem is to decide whether a path is sensitizable. A framework which allows various previously proposed path sensitization criteria to be compared with each other in a unified way is presented. An exact path sensitization criterion and a looser path sensitization criterion based on the framework are also proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Macro–meso failure mechanism of soil–rock mixture at medium strain rates (2016)

Uniaxial compressive strength experiments at medium strain rate were conducted to characterise rate effects and the macro–meso failure mechanism of a soil and rock mixture (SRM) with different rock block percentages using a servo-hydraulic variable frequency dynamic machine. Macroscopic failure morphology descriptions and meso three-dimensional laser scanning techniques are used to investigate internal failure mechanism. The results indicated that SRM specimens experience splitting failure, shear failure and conical failure with increasing strain rate. The cumulative fracture width and surface toughness were dependent on the loading rate, which were the results of interaction between rock blocks and the soil matrix and induced by the intrinsic fracture mechanism.