gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The PURE System for Protein Production (2013)

In the field of molecular biology or biochemistry, preparation and use of purified proteins involved in a certain biological system is crucial for understanding their mechanisms and functions in cells or organisms. The recent progress in a cell-free translation system allows us to prepare proteins in a test tube directly from cDNAs that encode the amino acid sequences. The use of the reconstituted cell-free translation system termed PURE (Protein synthesis Using Recombinant Elements) for these purposes is effective in several applications. Here we describe methods of recombinant protein expression using the PURE system for molecular biological or biochemical studies.
Detecting and tracking moving objects from a mobile platform using a laser range scanner (2002)

In the field of computer vision, the detection and tracking of moving objects from a moving observer is a complex and computationally demanding task. Using a laser range scanner instead of a camera, the problem can be simplified dramatically. An algorithm that identifies range readings in areas that was detected earlier as free is described. This is done without incorporating any gridmaps that are inherently memory and computationally consuming. The algorithm is robust from the real-time test in a furnished living room. It is able to track a moving person walking around, while consuming only about 2% of the available processing power.
Brain Temperature Alters Hydroxyl Radical Production during Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats (1996)

Selective neuronal cell death in the CA1 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus and neurons of the dorsolateral striatum as a consequence of brain ischemia/reperfusion (IR) can be ameliorated with brain hypothermia. Since postischemic injury is mediated partially by chemical production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased ROS production may be one of the mechanisms responsible for cerebral protection by hypothermia. To determine if ischemic brain temperature alters ROS production, reversible IR was produced in rats by occlusion of both carotid arteries with hemorrhagic hypotension. After 15 min of ischemia, circulation was restored for 60 min. Brain temperature was maintained during ischemia at either 30, 36, or 39 degrees C and kept at 36-37 degrees C after reperfusion. Using cerebral microdialysis, we measured nonenzymatic hydroxylation of salicylate by HPLC with electrochemical detection in the hippocampus. CBF was also compared among the groups during IR. The results were that normothermic animals during reperfusion had persistently increased levels of the salicylate hydroxylation product, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), reaching 251% of control at 60 min. This increase in 2,3-DHBA production was potentiated after 60 min of reperfusion (406% of control) with ischemic hyperthermia. In hypothermic ischemia, 2,3-DHBA production at 60 min was attenuated to 160% of control. CBF decreased to approximately 5% of baseline value during ischemia, but increased three- to four-fold relative to control in all three groups. Therefore, the effects of ischemic brain temperature on 2,3-DHBA production did not correlate with changes in CBF during IR. We conclude that brain-temperature-related changes in OH.production are readily detected in the rat and decreased ROS generation may contribute to cerebral protection afforded by hypothermia during brain ischemia.
The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics. (2015)

This article extends psychological methods and concepts into a domain that is as profoundly consequential as it is poorly understood: intelligence analysis. We report findings from a geopolitical forecasting tournament that assessed the accuracy of more than 150,000 forecasts of 743 participants on 199 events occurring over 2 years. Participants were above average in intelligence and political knowledge relative to the general population. Individual differences in performance emerged, and forecasting skills were surprisingly consistent over time. Key predictors were (a) dispositional variables of cognitive ability, political knowledge, and open-mindedness; (b) situational variables of training in probabilistic reasoning and participation in collaborative teams that shared information and discussed rationales (Mellers, Ungar, et al., 2014); and (c) behavioral variables of deliberation time and frequency of belief updating. We developed a profile of the best forecasters; they were better at inductive reasoning, pattern detection, cognitive flexibility, and open-mindedness. They had greater understanding of geopolitics, training in probabilistic reasoning, and opportunities to succeed in cognitively enriched team environments. Last but not least, they viewed forecasting as a skill that required deliberate practice, sustained effort, and constant monitoring of current affairs.
OpenNetMon: Network monitoring in OpenFlow Software-Defined Networks (2014)

We present OpenNetMon, an approach and open-source software implementation to monitor per-flow metrics, especially throughput, delay and packet loss, in OpenFlow networks. Currently, ISPs over-provision capacity in order to meet QoS demands from customers. Software-Defined Networking and OpenFlow allow for better network control and flexibility in the pursuit of operating networks as efficiently as possible. Where OpenFlow provides interfaces to implement fine-grained Traffic Engineering (TE), OpenNetMon provides the monitoring necessary to determine whether end-to-end QoS parameters are actually met and delivers the input for TE approaches to compute appropriate paths. OpenNetMon polls edge switches, i.e. switches with flow end-points attached, at an adaptive rate that increases when flow rates differ between samples and decreases when flows stabilize to minimize the number of queries. The adaptive rate reduces network and switch CPU overhead while optimizing measurement accuracy. We show that not only local links serving variable bit-rate video streams, but also aggregated WAN links benefit from an adaptive polling rate to obtain accurate measurements. Furthermore, we verify throughput, delay and packet loss measurements for bursty scenarios in our experiment testbed.
Fuzzy inference software-FINEST: overview and application examples (2002)

The Fuzzy Computing project (FC project) at the Laboratory for International Fuzzy Engineering Research (LIFE) in Japan is developing FINEST (Fuzzy Inference Environment Software with Tuning), a software environment for fuzzy inference with a mechanism to tune the inference method as well as fuzzy predicates. This paper gives an outline of the software: special features, the knowledge representation, the user interface and examples of building, and tuning a target system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gain Enhancement Methods for Printed Circuit Antennas. (1984)

Resonance conditions for a substrate-superstrate printed antenna geometry which allow for large antenna gain are presented. Asymptotic formulas for gain, beamwidth, and bandwidth are given, and the bandwidth limitation of the method is discussed. The method is extended to produce narrow patterns about the horizon, and directive patterns at two different angles.
“Let's Get on Speaking Terms with Our Neighbors” (1943)

Author's Summary— Respect for traditional methods of language instruction, misinterpretation of democratic education, and “Frontier Psychology” have led us into the compromise of the “Reading Knowledge” objective. If teachers of foreign languages wish to make their contribution to international amity they must emphasize first of all the spoken language. We must be on speaking terms with our neighbors.
Device Photolithography: The Primary Pattern Generator Part III-The Control System (1970)

I. INTRODUCTION The primary pattern generator (PPG) writing-control system has two main functions: (i) interpret the commands generated by the XYMASK PPG postprocessor, and generate from these commands a bit-by-bit image of a scan line and stepping-table control; and (ii) check the operation of the PPG system.
Effects of Sustained Performance on Human Motion (1955)

The purpose of this study has been to investigate the effects of sustained performance on different component movements in human motion. Prior work (1, 2, 3, 4) has shown that the manipulative and travel movements of patterned motion are affected differently by short-term practice. This investigation has been carried out in order to determine whether differential effects of the kind found in these earlier studies are also observed in the sustained practice condition. A second part of this study has dealt with the problem of the role of the menstrual cycle in defining the duration of different component movements in a pattern of motion. The general method of this research consisted of measurement of the duration of two basic component movements in a motion pattern during practice over a relatively long period of time. In order to measure separately the manipulation and travel movements in a panel-control task, special electronic methods of motion analysis have been used.
Are Australians 'Losing Their Religion'? (2010)

New data, gathered late 2009, provides a new comprehensive picture of the religious faith and spirituality of Australians. The data is part of the International Social Science Survey (ISSP) program and involved surveys of 1718 adult Australians. It is the best picture we have had of the religious faith and spirituality of the Australian population since the Wellbeing and Security Survey of 2002 conducted by Edith Cowan University, Deakin University, Anglicare and NCLS Research. Indeed, this new survey repeats a range of questions asked in 1993 and 1999, giving us an excellent picture of changes over time.
A sampling monitor for applications programs (1973)

Abstract Periodic location counter sampling is a well‐known technique for conducting performance measurements on operating systems. It is also extremely useful for applications programs. This paper describes a set of interface conventions for such a monitor. SPY, a monitor obeying these conventions, has been implemented on three different computers.
Synthetic Studies of Psilocin Analogs Having Either a Formyl Group or Bromine Atom at the 5- or 7-Position. (2002)

Psilocin analogs having either a formyl group (9-12) or a bromine atom (13-18) at the 5- or 7-position have been prepared for the first time. Syntheses of 5- and 7-bromo derivatives of 4-hydroxy- (23, 24, 28) and 4-benzyloxyindole-3-carbaldehyde (19, 25, 29, 30), 4-benzyloxyindole-3-acetonitriles (20, 31), and 4-benzyloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (32, 34, 35) have also been established.
Activation of the <i>RAS</i> Pathway Is Predictive for a Chemosensitive Phenotype of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Blasts (2005)

The data highlight the role for alternative pathways of Ras activation without RAS mutations. Intrinsically activated Ras seems to increase sensitivity of the AML blast to high-dose 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine therapy.
Broadband FDTD analysis of Fermi antenna with narrow width substrate (2004)

It is desired to develop a receiving element suitable for a millimeter wave passive imaging array. The tapered slot antenna (TSA) meets the demands of such applications. TSA is well known as a thin structure which is of low weight, easy to fabricate and broadband. S. Sugawara et al. have proposed a TSA called "Fermi antenna" which has a taper profile of the Fermi-Dirac function and a corrugation on the side of the substrate (see MTT-S Int. Micro. Symp., vol.2, p.959-62, 1997). They found experimentally that the E-plane and the H-plane patterns of Fermi antenna are almost equal and they have low side lobe levels. However, the frequency characteristics of the Fermi antenna have not been investigated and the mechanism of the operation of the antenna has not been clarified. We present a broadband FDTD analysis of the Fermi antenna for millimeter wave imaging. The frequency characteristics are investigated to obtain the operating principles. The axially symmetric E-plane and H-plane patterns are obtained in the case of a Fermi antenna with a narrow substrate. Experimental investigation confirms that the radiation patterns obtained by numerical analysis almost agree with the measurements.
Tunneling in superimposed films (1966)

Tunneling experiments were performed on superimposed films of Pb-Al, Pb-Cd and Pb-Pt deposited and kept at $\mathit{77}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K$ until measured. The gap in the density of states induced by a $\mathit{900}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\mathit{\AA{}}$ thick lead film in the Al, Cd and Pt films was measured as a function of their thickness. The experiments are in fairly good agreement with McMillan's theory, which was derived for pure films and scattering at the normal-superconducting interface. On the other hand, gapless superconductivity has been observed in lead films in contact with nickel and platinum films. The degree of gapless superconductivity (i.e. the density of states in the lead gap) has been measured from $dV/dI$ versus $V$ curves as a function of the lead film thickness. As expected, a magnetic metal such as nickel has a larger effect on the density of states than a normal metal such as platinum, even if the effect is measured in sandwiches with the same transition temperature. The degree of gapless superconductivity in any of the sandwiches can be increased by applying a magnetic field; the relative conductance ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{s}/{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{n}$ (which is a neasure of the degree of gapless superconductivity) increases linearly with magnetic field close to the upper critical field as predicted theoretically by Maki.
Spectral modulation detection as a function of modulation frequency, carrier bandwidth, and carrier frequency region (2007)

The present study investigates the nature of spectral envelope perception using a spectral modulation detection task in which sinusoidal spectral modulation is superimposed upon a noise carrier. The principal goal of this study is to characterize spectral envelope perception in terms of the influence of modulation frequency (cycles/octave), carrier bandwidth (octaves), and carrier frequency region (defined by lower and upper cutoff frequencies in Hz). Spectral modulation detection thresholds measured as a function of spectral modulation frequency result in a spectral modulation transfer function (SMTF). The general form of the SMTF is bandpass in nature, with a minimum modulation detection threshold in the region between 2 to 4 cycles/octave. SMTFs are not strongly dependent on carrier bandwidth (ranging from 1 to 6 octaves) or carrier frequency region (ranging from 200 to 12 800 Hz), with the exception of carrier bands restricted to very low audio frequencies (e.g., 200-400 Hz). Spectral modulation detection thresholds do not depend on the presence of random level variations or random modulation phase across intervals. The SMTFs reported here and associated excitation pattern computations are considered in terms of a linear systems approach to spectral envelope perception and potential underlying mechanisms for the perception of spectral features.
Multihulls for Cruising and Racing (1990)

An analysis of the design, performance and handling of multihulls. Beginning with their evolution, how they are designed and their sailing performance, the author goes on to examine reasons for choosing a multihull.
Adsorption of blood proteins on glow‐discharge‐modified polyurethane membranes (2001)

Abstract Polyurethanes are a class of polymers that have a wide range of applications in the medical field although their blood compatibility still needs improvement. In order to obtain medical purity, this study prepared membrane‐form polyurethanes from toluene 2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) and poly(propylene ethylene glycol) without the addition of any ingredients such as solvents, catalysts, or chain extenders. The aim was to increase surface hydrophilicity and improve blood compatibility. Therefore, the prepared membranes were modified by treatment with oxygen or argon plasmas. Characterizations of the samples were achieved by contact‐angle and water‐uptake studies as well as from atomic force microscope (AFM) pictures. It was found that oxygen‐modified samples were more hydrophilic than argon‐modified samples. The AFM images showed that surface roughness increased with plasma treatment. The protein adsorption experiments carried out with single protein solutions demonstrated that the adsorption of bovine serum albumin and fibrinogen decreased drastically by increasing the applied power and exposure time of the glow discharge. A similar decrease in the adsorption of protein was also observed for human blood proteins. The alterations of the conformational structures of the adsorbed proteins were examined by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Similar spectra with the same maximum wavelength were observed for native and desorbed proteins. These results showed that no denaturation of the proteins occurred upon adsorption on the surfaces of the prepared membranes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1322–1332, 2001
Cavity design and optimization for organic microcavity OLEDs (2005)

We report on detailed simulations of the emission from microcavity OLEDs consisting of widely used organic materials, N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPB) as a hole transport layer and tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq<sub>3</sub>) as emitting and electron transporting layer. The thick silver film was considered as a top mirror, while silver or copper films on quartz substrate were considered as bottom mirrors. The electroluminescence emission spectra, electric field distribution inside the device, carrier density and recombination rate were calculated as a function of the position of the emission layer, i.e. interface between NPB and Alq<sub>3</sub>. In order to achieve optimum emission from a microcavity OLED, it is necessary to align the position of the recombination region with the antinode of the standing wave inside the cavity. Once the optimum structure has been determined, the microcavity OLED devices were fabricated and characterized. The experimental results have been compared to the simulations and the influence of the emission region width and position on the performance of microcavity OLEDs was discussed.
Protein oxidation and aging (2006)

Organisms are constantly exposed to various forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to oxidation of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Protein oxidation can involve cleavage of the polypeptide chain, modification of amino acid side chains, and conversion of the protein to derivatives that are highly sensitive to proteolytic degradation. Unlike other types of modification (except cysteine oxidation), oxidation of methionine residues to methionine sulfoxide is reversible; thus, cyclic oxidation and reduction of methionine residues leads to consumption of ROS and thereby increases the resistance of proteins to oxidation. The importance of protein oxidation in aging is supported by the observation that levels of oxidized proteins increase with animal age. The age-related accumulation of oxidized proteins may reflect age-related increases in rates of ROS generation, decreases in antioxidant activities, or losses in the capacity to degrade oxidized proteins.
Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Enhance Glycogen Synthesis and Inhibit Lipogenesis in Hepatocytes (2013)

The beneficial effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) against metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes by suppressing appetite and nutrient absorption have been well reported. However the direct effects and mechanisms of GTP on glucose and lipid metabolism remain to be elucidated. Since the liver is an important organ involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, we examined the effects and mechanisms of GTP on glycogen synthesis and lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Concentrations of GTP containing 68% naturally occurring (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) were incubated in HepG2 cells with high glucose (30 mM) under 100 nM of insulin stimulation for 24 h. GTP enhanced glycogen synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. 10 μM of EGCG significantly increased glycogen synthesis by 2fold (P < 0.05) compared with insulin alone. Western blotting revealed that phosphorylation of Ser9 glycogen synthase kinase 3 β and Ser641 glycogen synthase was significantly increased in GTP-treated HepG2 cells compared with nontreated cells. 10 μM of EGCG also significantly inhibited lipogenesis (P < 0.01). We further demonstrated that this mechanism involves enhanced expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase α and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in HepG2 cells. Our results showed that GTP is capable of enhancing insulin-mediated glucose and lipid metabolism by regulating enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis and lipogenesis.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)benzenamines with Disulfides: Synthesis of 3‐Sulfenylindoles (2009)

Abstract 3‐Sulfenylindoles can be efficiently prepared in moderate to good yields from 2‐(1‐alkynyl)benzenamines and disulfides using the palladium/air catalytic systems. The study also provides a useful route to the synthesis of fipronil analogues.
Novel 2D High-Contrast Grating Hollow-Core Waveguide (2009)

Hollow-core waveguides based on high contrast gratings are analyzed using exact analytical formulation. We obtain dispersion diagrams and propose a planar geometry similar to a heterostructure to confine the light two dimensionally in these waveguides.
Oligoribonucleotide Synthesis. IV. Approach to Block Synthesis (1972)

A convenient block synthesis for oligoribonucleotides of predetermined sequence is developed. Preparation and deblocking of protected tetranucleotide, Ph 3 COCH 2 CO • O-U(Thp)p(Cl 3 Et)A bz (Thp)p(Cl 3 Et)U(Thp)p-(Cl 3 Et)A bz (Thp)-OH (8) to give UpApUpA is described. Phosphorylation of HO-U(Thp)-OH derivative (1; R = Ph 3 COCH 2 CO) and subsequent coupling with HO-A bz (Thp)-OH (4) gave protected UpA (5). Specific removal of triphenylmethoxyacetyl group from 5 is accomplished by dilute methanolic ammonia. 5′-Hydroxyl group of resulting UpA derivative (7) is condensed with the 3′-phosphate derivative of 5 to give 8 in good overall yield.Ease of mild alkaline cleavage, convenient ceric sulfate spray detection and enhancement of solubility, make the triphenylmethoxyacetyl group an excellent choice for 5′-protection of nucleoside derivatives.
Direct frequency synthesis-a review of the technique and potential (1990)

The author reviews the work on UHF direct frequency synthesis (DFS), sometimes referred to as direct digital synthesis (DDS) and describes the technique in relation to radio receiver local oscillators. >