gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PSXIII-40 Monitoring in-line milk progesterone profiles prior to first breeding to predict reproductive performance in Holstein cows. (2018)

We investigated if milk progesterone (P4) profiles determined by an in-line milk P4 analysis system (Herd NavigatorTM, DeLaval Inc.) could be used to predict subsequent reproductive performance. Specifically, we evaluated associations of (1) commencement of luteal activity (C-LA), (2) first luteal phase length, (3) first P4 peak, and (4) number of luteal phases prior to first breeding, with pregnancy at first AI (P/1stAI) and cumulative pregnancy by 150 (P/150) d in milk (DIM). Milk P4 concentrations (ng/mL) were measured approximately every 2 d from ~21 DIM until pregnancy in 1,354 lactations (1,190 cows). Variations in P4 were used to define luteal function, such as C-LA, first luteal phase length, and pregnancy. All AI occurred within 5 d of P4 declining below 5 ng/mL. Variables were categorized into quartiles and data analyzed using GLIMMIX and PHREG procedures of SAS. First AI occurred at 70 ± 17 DIM. Overall P/1stAI and P/150 were 25.6 and 62.3%, respectively. Parameters associated with decreased probability of P/1stAI were first luteal phase length ≥ 17 vs. < 17 d (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.13; P < 0.01), first P4 peak ≤ 17 vs. > 17 ng/mL (OR: 0.13; P < 0.01), and having one vs. two luteal phases prior to first AI (OR: 0.53; P < 0.01). The likelihood of P/150 was increased in cows that had C-LA before 50 than after 50 DIM (Hazard ratio: 0.64; P < 0.01), and in cows that had a first luteal phase ≥ 17 vs. < 17 d long (Hazard ratio: 0.58; P < 0.01). In summary, prolonged first luteal phase (≥ 17 d), low first P4 peak (≤ 17 ng/mL) and having only one luteal phase prior to first breeding reduced P/1stAI. Furthermore, a delayed C-LA (> 50 DIM) and a prolonged first luteal phase reduced likelihood of P/150.
<i>In vitro</i> antioxidant activity and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of topical formulations containing vitamin C and its derivatives studied by non‐invasive methods (2008)

AA and its derivates presented an in vitro antioxidant activity but AA had the best antioxidant effect. In in vivo efficacy studies, only the formulation containing AA caused alterations in TEWL values and the formulation containing MAP caused alterations in the viscoelastic-to-elastic ratio. This way, vitamin C derivatives did not present the same effects of AA on human skin; however, MAP showed other significant effect-improving skin hydration, which is very important for the normal cutaneous metabolism and also to prevent skin alterations and early ageing.
Alkylation of phenols on Fe2O3 and Cr2O3. (1976)

Ferric oxide and chromium oxide, were found as new alkylation catalysts of phenols. The activity and the selectivity of these oxide catalysts were examined by liquid-phase reaction. Methylation of phenol, cresol, xylenol, and α-naphthol was carried out in an autoclave at 400°, using methanol as an alkylating agent. The selective methylation of phenols to their ortho-position took place, and o-cresol and 2, 6-xylenol were obtained selectively from phenol. Their yield reached 70% after 5 hr. Ferric oxide was effective only in methanol, whereas chromium oxide was available for C1 to C4 alcohols. From the distribution of methylated products on various oxides, an outline of oxide-catalyzed alkylation was presented.
Interaction of COMT Val<sup>108/158</sup> Met Genotype and Olanzapine Treatment on Prefrontal Cortical Function in Patients With Schizophrenia (2004)

These results suggest that a genetically determined variation in prefrontal dopamine catabolism impacts the therapeutic profile of olanzapine.
Tunable polariton absorption of distributed feedback microcavities at room temperature (1998)

We have demonstrated well-separated tunable polariton absorption for a semiconductor-cavity composite system in transmission measurements at room temperature. A distributed feedback microcavity of the fourth order is fabricated by spin coating a self-organized inorganic/organic multiple quantum wells, $({\mathrm{C}}_{6}{\mathrm{H}}_{5}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{PbI}}_{4}$, on a corrugated quartz substrate with a period of about $0.7 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. By changing the grating period or the incident angle, the absorption dips exhibit anticrossing behavior. Owing to the large excitonic oscillator strength of the material, the polariton mode splitting is as large as $100 \mathrm{meV}$ even at room temperature. At the normal incidence, an exciton and a light form a strongly coupled standing wave, which corresponds to a cavity polariton in Fabry-Perot semiconductor microcavities.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR VEHICLE MANEUVERS RECOGNITION WITH SEQUENTIAL IMAGES FROM HIGH ALTITUDE PLATFORMS (2003)

交通工学・計画の一層の高度化に向けて, 道路上の車両動態に関する, 広域を対象とした詳細かつ効率的な観測手法が要請されている. 車両動態の詳細を把握するための最も適した方法のひとつに, 高度から撮影された動画像による計測が考えられる. 本研究は高度撮影画像を用いた車両動態の詳細を認識する手法の構築を目的とする. 具体的には, 時空間画像において背景差分値, オプティカルフローの情報, かつ, 車両挙動の連続性, 車両形状を考慮した時空間クラスタリングに基づく車両動態認識手法を構築し, その適用可能性を検討した. 航空HDTV画像 (空間分解能10cm, 時間分解能1130秒) に対し提案手法を適用し, 提案する車両動態認識手法の有効性を確認した.
Using deep learning for digital soil mapping (2019)

Abstract. Digital soil mapping (DSM) has been widely used as a cost-effective method for generating soil maps. However, current DSM data representation rarely incorporates contextual information of the landscape. DSM models are usually calibrated using point observations intersected with spatially corresponding point covariates. Here, we demonstrate the use of the convolutional neural network (CNN) model that incorporates contextual information surrounding an observation to significantly improve the prediction accuracy over conventional DSM models. We describe a CNN model that takes inputs as images of covariates and explores spatial contextual information by finding non-linear local spatial relationships of neighbouring pixels. Unique features of the proposed model include input represented as a 3-D stack of images, data augmentation to reduce overfitting, and the simultaneous prediction of multiple outputs. Using a soil mapping example in Chile, the CNN model was trained to simultaneously predict soil organic carbon at multiples depths across the country. The results showed that, in this study, the CNN model reduced the error by 30 % compared with conventional techniques that only used point information of covariates. In the example of country-wide mapping at 100 m resolution, the neighbourhood size from 3 to 9 pixels is more effective than at a point location and larger neighbourhood sizes. In addition, the CNN model produces less prediction uncertainty and it is able to predict soil carbon at deeper soil layers more accurately. Because the CNN model takes the covariate represented as images, it offers a simple and effective framework for future DSM models.
Retinoblastoma: Clues to Human Oncogenesis (1984)

The retinoblastoma gene can be considered a model for a class of recessive human cancer genes that have a "suppressor" or "regulatory" function. The loss or inactivation of both alleles of this gene appears to be a primary mechanism in the development of retinoblastoma. Such a mechanism is in direct contrast to that of putative human oncogenes which are thought to induce tumorigenesis following activation or alteration. The high incidence of second primary tumors among patients who inherit one inactive retinoblastoma allele also suggests that this cancer gene plays a key role in the etiology of several other primary malignancies. Finally, the observation that extra nonrandom copies of specific chromosomal regions occur in some of these tumors provides circumstantial evidence that an "expressor" gene (possibly an oncogene) may be involved in retinoblastoma development.
Health professionals' attitudes toward older people. (1989)

America has been called both ageist and age phobic. This article deals with attitudes toward older persons that prevent them from access to comprehensive health care. Attitudes of physicians, nurses, and dentists are discussed.
Voltage and current ripple considerations for improving ultra-capacitor lifetime while charging with switch mode converters (2007)

Ultra-capacitors or supercapacitors that store energy for powering downstream converters used for power conversion need to be charged. When switch mode converters/power supply are used for charging, the significant change in their capacitance with frequency and higher ESR can result in significantly higher voltage ripple in these capacitors. This results in over voltage and temperature rise in these capacitors resulting in their consequent reduction of lifetime. Based on extensive measurements of this charging voltage ripple and charging current ripple at different converter switching frequencies, design considerations that can significantly reduce this voltage and current ripple is proposed in this paper.
Evaluation of Type II Collagen Scaffolds Reinforced by Poly(ε-Caprolactone) as Tissue-Engineered Trachea (2008)

A novel composite scaffold comprising a poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) stent and a type II collagen sponge for tissue-engineered trachea was developed. The PCL stent with surface grooves was fabricated by casting and freeze drying the PCL solution in a mold container. The grooves on the stent were filled by the type II collagen with crosslinking treatment (ring-shaped collagen sponge). The rabbit chondrocytes (3 x 10(6) cells for each ring) were seeded onto the collagen sponge of the scaffold. The cell-scaffold constructs were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsum of nude mice. After 4 and 8 weeks, constructs were harvested and dedicated for measurement of mechanical properties, histology, and biochemical assays. It was found that the constructs were strong enough to retain their tubular shape against extrinsic forces in the dorsum of nude mice. The gross appearance of the constructs revealed cartilage-like tissue at 8 weeks, with modulus higher than that of native trachea. Histological and biochemical analyses of the tissue-engineered tracheal cartilage revealed evenly spaced lacunae embedded in the matrix, with abundant proteoglycans and type II collagen. The stent-sponge composite facilitated the proliferation of chondrocytes and was expected to provide adequate mechanical strength, and therefore was a promising material for use in trachea tissue engineering.
Formation of Phosphor Films by Evaporation (1960)

Three processes for making phosphor films are described. One process for activated with Cu, Ag, or Mn involves evaporation of powder phosphor onto a room‐temperature substrate followed by heat treatment of the film in an atmosphere. A process for alone involves the single step of evaporating the phosphor onto a substrate held between 250° and 400 °C. The third process involves evaporating the phosphor in a single step onto a heated substrate in a uniformly heated enclosure such as the "Hot Wall Bell Jar." A fourth process used for silicate, phosphate, and borate phosphors involves a reaction during the course of evaporation between and a heated substrate.
Experimental Evidence for Abiotic Sulfurization of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter (2017)

Dissolved organic sulfur (DOS) is the largest pool of organic sulfur in the oceans, and as such it is an important component of the global sulfur cycle. DOS in the ocean is resistant against microbial degradation and turns over on a millennium time scale. However, sources and mechanisms behind its stability are largely unknown. Here, we hypothesize that in sulfate-reducing sediments sulfur is abiotically incorporated into dissolved organic matter (DOM) and released to the ocean. We exposed natural seawater and the filtrate of a plankton culture to sulfidic conditions. Already after one hour at 20 °C, DOS concentrations had increased 4-fold in these experiments, and 14-fold after 4 weeks at 50 °C, indicating that organic matter does not need long residence times in natural sulfidic environments to be affected by sulfurization. Molecular analysis via ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry showed that sulfur was covalently and unselectively bound to DOM. Experimentally produced and natural DOS from sediments were highly similar on a molecular and structural level. By combining our data with published benthic DOC fluxes we estimate that 30 – 200 Tg DOS are annually transported from anaerobic and sulfate reducing sediments to the oceans. Uncertainties in this first speculative assessment are large. However, this first attempt illustrates that benthic DOS flux is potentially one order of magnitude larger than that via rivers indicating that this could balance the estimated global net removal of refractory DOS.
Discovery and identification of anti-U1-A snRNP antibody in lung cancer (2005)

There are multiple reports of autoimmune response in patients with lung cancer. To investigate whether a novel autoantibody is present in patients with lung cancer and evaluate its clinical diagnostic and prognostic value, sera from 10 patients with lung cancer and 10 normal individuals were analyzed using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. It was found that one serum sample from the patients with squamous carcinoma gave a fine speckled pattern staining in nucleus and had a high titer antinuclear autoantibody which could recognize 31 kD of nuclear protein isolated from both cancer cells and normal cells. The same patient's serum was further used to immunoprecipitate the target antigen. The protein bands were excised from the SDS-PAGE gels and were analyzed with a Qstar Pulser I Quadrupole time-flight mass spectrometer, and the 31 kD target antigen was identified as U1-A snRNP. To test the prevalence of anti-U1-A snRNP antibody, sera from 93 patients including 36 squmaous carcinomas (SCC), 26 adenocarcinomas (Ad), and 31 small cell carcinomas (SCLC) were screened by Western blotting. The results demonstrated that anti-U1-A snRNP antibody was present in 50% of SCC sera, 26.9% of Ad sera and 54.8% of SCLC sera. In this paper, we report for the first time that anti-U1-A snRNP antibody could be detected in the patients with lung cancer.
Time envelope vocoder, a new LP based coding strategy for use at bit rates of 2.4 kb/s and below (1995)

This paper presents a linear prediction (LP) based vocoder employing a novel technique which ensures smooth evolution of the synthetic speech waveform. In this coder, speech waveforms are considered as having a 'time envelope', the shape of which contains important perceptual information. By ensuring that the time envelope of the synthetic speech closely matches that of the original, natural sounding synthetic speech can be produced. Envelope matching may be achieved using a new, low complexity analysis by synthesis loop at the decoder which determines the synthetic excitation energy. The advantage over more traditional linear prediction vocoders is that the amplitude time envelope is preserved in addition to the spectral envelope, allowing the rapid amplitude transitions associated with onsets to be retained in the synthetic speech, resulting in a more intelligible output. Simply controlling the overall energy of the synthetic excitation is not sufficient to accurately control the synthetic speech energy. Small changes in linear prediction or pitch parameters due to quantization, for example, can cause variations in the synthetic speech amplitude, especially from one pitch cycle to the next resulting in noisy synthetic speech. The inclusion of an analysis by synthesis loop at the decoder ensures that the synthetic speech amplitude is independent of variations in the pitch period and LP parameters. This paper presents a complete vocoder scheme using time envelope matching, including details of techniques such as parameter interpolation, excitation pulse shaping and pitch tracking which have proven necessary to produce natural sounding synthetic speech at 2.4 kb/s and below.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Satellite-Relayed Intercontinental Quantum Network (2018)

We perform decoy-state quantum key distribution between a low-Earth-orbit satellite and multiple ground stations located in Xinglong, Nanshan, and Graz, which establish satellite-to-ground secure keys with ∼kHz rate per passage of the satellite Micius over a ground station. The satellite thus establishes a secure key between itself and, say, Xinglong, and another key between itself and, say, Graz. Then, upon request from the ground command, Micius acts as a trusted relay. It performs bitwise exclusive or operations between the two keys and relays the result to one of the ground stations. That way, a secret key is created between China and Europe at locations separated by 7600 km on Earth. These keys are then used for intercontinental quantum-secured communication. This was, on the one hand, the transmission of images in a one-time pad configuration from China to Austria as well as from Austria to China. Also, a video conference was performed between the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which also included a 280 km optical ground connection between Xinglong and Beijing. Our work clearly confirms the Micius satellite as a robust platform for quantum key distribution with different ground stations on Earth, and points towards an efficient solution for an ultralong-distance global quantum network.
Astrocytes induce neural microvascular endothelial cells to form capillary‐like structures in vitro (1990)

Astrocytes maintain a unique association with the central nervous system microvasculature and are thought to play a role in neural microvessel formation and differentiation. We investigated the influence of astroglial cells on neural microvascular endothelial differentiation in vitro. Using an astroglial-endothelial coculture system, rat brain astrocytes and C6 cells of astroglial lineage are shown to induce bovine retinal microvascular endothelial (BRE) cells to form capillary-like structures. Light microscopic evidence for endothelial reorganization began within 48 hours and was complete 72-96 hours following the addition of BRE cells to 1-day-old astroglial cultures. The extent of BRE reorganization was quantitated by computer-assisted analysis and shown to be dependent upon the density of both the BRE and C6 cells within the cocultures. Coculture conditions in which BRE cells were separated from C6 cells by porous membranes failed to generate this endothelial cell change. Likewise, C6-conditioned media and C6-endothelial coculture conditioned media did not induce BRE cell reorganization. Extracellular laminin within the C6-endothelial cocultures, identified by indirect immunofluorescence, was concentrated at the endothelial-astroglial interface of capillary-like structures consistent with incipient basement membrane formation. Astroglial cells accumulated adjacent to capillary-like structures suggesting the presence of bidirectional influences between the reorganized endothelial cells and astroglia. This is the first demonstration of astroglial induction of angiogenesis in vitro and these findings support a functional role for perivascular astrocytes in the vascularization of neural tissue such as retina and brain.
Importance of full size complementary DNA in nucleic acid hybridization. (1976)

The size of the DNA product synthesized by RNA-directed DNA polymerase (isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus) was found to be important for complementary DNA (cDNA)-mRNA hybridization reactions. Incomplete cDNA to rabbit reticulocyte globin mRNA formed poor hybrids and presumably lacked sequences needed for hybridization. The size of the cDNA synthesized was influenced by the reaction conditions used. The complementary DNA product contained 10 S material when synthesis was done at high deoxynucleoside triphosphate concentrations (greater than 50 muM) while the product was smaller than the template when synthesis was at lower concentrations. The concentration and size (oligo(dT)6 to (dT)10) of primer had little or no effect on the product size. Increasing the concentration of 10 S globin mRNA caused the cDNA product to contain more small material. The cDNA synthesized at high deoxynucleoside triphosphate concentrations was fractionated into heavy, medium, and light fractions by alkaline sucrose density centrifugation. All hybridized to globin mRNA. The larger cDNAs had a higher TM when hybridized to globin mRNA, a lower dTMP/dCMP ratio (indicating that the poly(dT) region constituted a smaller fraction of the molecule), and gave increased protection of 125I-labeled mRNA from nuclease digestion. The full size cDNA was especially useful for studying the RNA transcribed from chromatin by RNA polymerase. The complement of the 5' end of the mRNA is contained only in full size cDNA; the 5' end is the part of the mRNA first transcribed by the RNA polymerase assuming correct transcription. Thus, full size cDNA can hybridize more effectively to the short RNA transcripts that are obtained than partial cDNA. RNA transcribed from rabbit bone marrow chromatin by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase hybridized twice as efficiently to complete cDNA as it did to partial cDNA demonstrating the usefulness of full size cDNA.
New Iterative Coupling Between a Reservoir Simulator and a Geomechanics Module (2004)

Summary Interactions of solid mechanics and fluid flow have been studied by numerous researchers for the past several years. Different methods of coupling such as full and iterative coupling have been used. Nevertheless, the accuracy and the large run time of the coupled solid-mechanics fluid-flow model are outstanding issues that prevent the application of the coupled model in full-field studies. In this work, a novel relationship of porosity as a function of pressure, temperature, and mean total stress is developed for iterative coupling of stress and flow. The new formula not only improves the accuracy of the coupling but also reduces substantially the number of coupling iterations. The latter feature decreases significantly the CPU time. The new approach was implemented in a modular, iteratively coupled system. The rapid convergence provides the equivalent of a fully coupled method that is necessary to investigate complex coupled problems. The main advantage of this type of coupling is that a geomechanics module can be easily coupled with different reservoir simulators. The paper gives some comparisons of results obtained by the new porosity formula with another formulation.
Incomplete Hydrolysis of Cholesteryl Esters during the Enzymatic Cholesterol Determination as Evidenced by Aqueous Cholesteryl Ester Solutions: Comparison of Six Enzymatic Procedures with the Liebermann-Burchard Method (1980)

Aqueous solutions of cholesterol and some cholesteryl esters were prepared. The hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters with enzymatic methods could therefore be studied in some detail. The total cholesterol concentration of the aqueous cholesterol and cholesteryl ester solutions was determined by 6 different enzymatic procedures as well as the Liebermann-Burchard method. For some esters (acetate and arachidonate esters) the esterase reaction is not complete within the usual reaction time, whereas most other esters gave analytical results lower than the theoretical. With the Liebermann-Burchard method all esters reacted completely within the reaction time. The esterase have very different specificities for the various cholesteryl esters. With the enzymatic method several commercial control sera as well as human sera gave lower cholesterol concentrations than the Liebermann-Burchard method. These differences can be explained mainly by this incomplete hydrolysis. Some practical recommendations are given.