gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory of Remote Image Formation (2004)

This book was first published in 2004. In many applications, images, such as ultrasonic or X-ray signals, are recorded and then analyzed with digital or optical processors in order to extract information. Such processing requires the development of algorithms of great precision and sophistication. This book presents a unified treatment of the mathematical methods that underpin the various algorithms used in remote image formation. The author begins with a review of transform and filter theory. He then discusses two- and three-dimensional Fourier transform theory, the ambiguity function, image construction and reconstruction, tomography, baseband surveillance systems, and passive systems (where the signal source might be an earthquake or a galaxy). Information-theoretic methods in image formation are also covered, as are phase errors and phase noise. Throughout the book, practical applications illustrate theoretical concepts, and there are many homework problems. The book is aimed at graduate students of electrical engineering and computer science, and practitioners in industry.
Simple and Improved Procedure for the Regioselective Acylation of Aromatic Ethers with Carboxylic Acids on the Surface of Graphite in the Presence of Methanesulfonic Acid (2004)

Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic compounds such as anisole has been successfully carried out using the combination of graphite with MeSO3H. Both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids reacted smoothly under the conditions to afford the corresponding aromatic ketones in high yield.
Spatial and spectral beam shaping with space-variant guided mode resonance filters (2009)

Novel all-dielectric beam shaping elements were developed based on guided mode resonance (GMR) filters. This was achieved by spatially varying the duty cycle of a hexagonal-cell GMR filter, to locally detune from the resonant condition, which resulted in modified wavelength dependent reflection and transmission profiles, across the device aperture. This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of the device and compares simulations to experimental results.
Cell Cycle Progression without Cyclin D-CDK4 and Cyclin D-CDK6 Complexes (2005)

D-type cyclins (cyclin D1, D2 and D3) and their associated cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 were thought to represent important, perhaps essential components of the core cell cycle apparatus. However, recent analyses of mice lacking D-cyclins, or CDK4 and CDK6 reveal that these proteins are critically required for proliferation only in the selected cell types. Intriguingly, several compartments can develop in the absence of cyclin D-CDK4/6 activity, revealing that these cells can proliferate in a cyclin D-independent fashion.
Size heterogeneity of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharides in outer membranes and culture supernatant membrane fragments (1980)

Enterobacteriaceae cells growing in liquid media shed fragments of their outer membranes. These fragments, which may constitute a biologically important form of gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, have been reported to contain proteins, phospholipids, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In this study we compared the sizes of LPS molecules in shed membrane fragments and outer membranes from cells growing in broth cultures. Using conditional mutants of Salmonella typhimurium which incorporate specific sugars into LPS, we analyzed radiolabeled LPS by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This technique revealed that S. typhimurium LPS are more heterogeneous than previously known; molecules possessing from 0 to more than 30 O-chain repeat units were identified in outer membranes, supernatant fragments, and purified LPS. The size distributions of LPS molecules in outer membranes and supernatant fragments were similar; supernatant fragments appeared to be slightly enriched in molecules with long O-polysaccharide chains. Our results indicate the LPS molecules of many sizes are synthesized, translocated to outer membranes, and released into culture supernatants. Since the hydrophilic O-polysaccharides extend from bacterial surfaces into the aqueous environment, our findings suggest that the cell surface topography of this bacterium may be very irregular. We also speculate that heterogeneity in the degree of polymerization of O-antigenic side chains may influence the interactions of the toxic moiety of LPS (lipid A) with host constituents.
The eIF4E/eIF4G Interaction Inhibitor 4EGI-1 Augments TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis through c-FLIP Down-regulation and DR5 Induction Independent of Inhibition of Cap-Dependent Protein Translation (2010)

The small molecule 4EGI-1 was identified as an inhibitor of cap-dependent translation initiation owing to its disruption of the eIF4E/eIF4G association through binding to eIF4E. 4EGI-1 exhibits growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activity in cancer cells; thus, we were interested in its therapeutic efficacy in human lung cancer cells. 4EGI-1, as a single agent, inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells.When combined with the death ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), enhanced apoptosis-induced activity was observed. As expected, 4EGI-1 inhibited eIF4E/eIF4G interaction and reduced the levels of cyclin D1 and hypoxia-inducing factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), both of which are regulated by a cap-dependent translation mechanism. Moreover, 4EGI-1 induced CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein-dependent DR5 expression and ubiquitin/proteasome- mediated degradation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). Small interfering RNA-mediated blockade of DR5 induction or enforced expression of c-FLIP abrogated 4EGI-1's ability to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis, indicating that both DR5 induction and c-FLIP down-regulation contribute to enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by 4EGI-1. However, inhibition of eIF4E/eIF4G interaction by knockdown of eIF4E effectively reduced the levels of cyclin D1 and HIF-1alpha but failed to induce DR5 expression, downregulate c-FLIP levels, or augment TRAIL-induced apoptosis. These results collectively suggest that 4EGI-1 augments TRAIL-induced apoptosis through induction of DR5 and down-regulation of c-FLIP, independent of inhibition of cap-dependent protein translation.
TightCap: 3D Human Shape Capture with Clothing Tightness (2019)

In this paper, we present TightCap, a data-driven scheme to capture both the human shape and dressed garments accurately with only a single 3D human scan, which enables numerous applications such as virtual try-on, biometrics and body evaluation. To break the severe variations of the human poses and garments, we propose to model the clothing tightness - the displacements from the garments to the human shape implicitly in the global UV texturing domain. To this end, we utilize an enhanced statistical human template and an effective multi-stage alignment scheme to map the 3D scan into a hybrid 2D geometry image. Based on this 2D representation, we propose a novel framework to predicted clothing tightness via a novel tightness formulation, as well as an effective optimization scheme to further reconstruct multi-layer human shape and garments under various clothing categories and human postures. We further propose a new clothing tightness dataset (CTD) of human scans with a large variety of clothing styles, poses and corresponding ground-truth human shapes to stimulate further research. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our TightCap to achieve high-quality human shape and dressed garments reconstruction, as well as the further applications for clothing segmentation, retargeting and animation.
Polymerization of methacrylonitrile with potassium in ammonia (1960)

Abstract The polymerization of methacrylonitrile with potassium and potassium amide in liquid ammonia has been investigated. The results indicated that the degree of polymerization was approximately independent of the monomer and the catalyst concentrations. Furthermore, unlike lithium amide catalysts, potassium amide in ammonia initiates the polymerization of methacrylonitrile as rapidly as potassium does. The results with potassium amide catalysis were similar to those in potassium catalysis. When methacrylonitrile was reacted with potassium in ammonia, small amounts of isobutyronitrile could be detected in the reaction product. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that part of the initiator system in the methacrylonitrile—potassium—ammonia system is potassium amide produced in situ. This is similar to the styrene—potassium—ammonia system studied by Wooding and Higginson. The major termination reaction proposed is a transfer to monomer and to a small extent to the solvent ammonia. Methacrylonitrile was polymerized rapidly to a colorless polymer by initiation by potassium hydroxide. The reaction appears to be slower than that with potassium and potassium amide as catalysts and is retarded by trace amounts of water.
Macrophage-derived factors increase low density lipoprotein uptake and receptor number in cultured human liver cells. (1991)

Recent evidence suggests the possibility that macrophages can influence lipoprotein metabolism. Therefore we investigated the ability of cultured macrophages to alter low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake in a human liver cell line (HepG2). Conditioned media from phlogogenic-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages or from a human macrophage cell line stimulated with endotoxin increased HepG2 LDL uptake by as much as 60-70%. The increase was due, in part, to a significant macrophage-induced 40% increase in the number of LDL receptors per cell. Although macrophage conditioned media inhibited HepG2 cholesterol synthesis, the LDL receptor up-regulation did not appear to be due to the effects on cholesterol synthesis. The LDL receptor stimulatory activity was sensitive to proteolysis and heat. Its molecular mass was approximately 20 kDa based on gel filtration. Several macrophage secretory proteins were tested in HepG2 cultures for LDL uptake stimulation. Of these, oncostatin M (approximately 18 kDa by gel filtration) gave the strongest response. The rank order for LDL uptake stimulation was oncostatin M much greater than interleukin 6 = interleukin 1 = transforming growth factor-beta 1. A neutralizing antibody directed against oncostatin M inhibited the ability of conditioned media to up-regulate LDL receptors by 85%. Thus, our results indicate that macrophages can secrete several proteins that up-regulate LDL receptors in HepG2 cells and that most of the up-regulatory activity in macrophage conditioned media appears to be due to oncostatin M.
Utilizing nanofabrication to construct strong, luminescent materials (2006)

Luminescent materials have been utilized widely in applications from lighting to sensing. The new development of technologies based on luminescence requires the materials to have high luminescence efficiency and mechanical strength. In this paper, we report the fabrication of luminescent materials possessing high mechanical strength by nanofabrication with polyvinyl alcohol used as a stabilizer or coupling agent. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission microscope observations reveal that the nanocomposite sample contains ZnS and ZnO nanoparticles as well as kozoite and sodium nitrate. The mechanical strength and hardness of these nanocomposites are reasonably high, higher than polycarbonate and some carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites. Strong luminescence is observed in the new nanocomposites and the luminescence intensity does not degrade following up to 30 min of x-ray irradiation. Our results indicate that nanofabrication may provide a good method to improve the mechanical strength of luminescent materials for some applications in which high-strength luminescent materials are needed.
Anemia is associated with lower local-regional control and survival after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: a prospective study. (1996)

Moderate anemia appeared to be an independent prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with radiation therapy alone.
Variable input delay CMOS logic for dynamic IR drop reduction (2012)

A glitch compensation methodology is proposed in this paper which involves reducing the undesired switching of selected combinational cells from a place and routed standard cell layout in order reduce peak dynamic voltage or IR drop. The proposed methodology can be seamlessly integrated to existing physical design flow. A glitch is an undesired transition that occurs before intended value in digital circuits. A glitch occurs in CMOS circuits when differential delay at the inputs of a gate is greater than inertial delay, which results into notable amount of power consumption. The glitch power is becoming more prominent in lower technology nodes. Introduction of buffers at the input of the Logic gate may reduce glitches, but it results into large area overhead and dynamic power. Hence, the proposed methodology will ensure low dynamic power consumption with less area. The pass transistor logic is used as a compensation circuit and a flow is also proposed for characterizing the pass transistor logic to cater different delay values. The proposed methodology has been validated on a place and routed Multiply Accumulate (MAC) layout implemented using Synopsys SAED 90nm Generic library. Experimental results show 12% to 50% reduction in peak transient IR drop numbers with just 12% reduction in glitch power. Also when compared to standard on-chip decoupling capacitor (Decap) cells insertion method which is used to minimize dynamic IR drop, the proposed method could achieve the same without contributing to extra leakage power.
Increased serum concentrations of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in COPD patients (2005)

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 concentrations are increased in the sputum of asthma and chronic bronchitis patients, and are thought to be related to airflow obstruction. However, serum concentrations of these enzymes have not been clearly evaluated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to examine the serum concentrations of these enzymes in COPD and asthmatic patients in order to determine their relationship with airway obstruction. Serum samples were obtained from 72 patients with COPD: 66 control subjects and 26 patients with asthma. Smoking histories of control subjects were matched with those of COPD patients. Serum concentrations of TIMP-1 and MMP-9 were determined by ELISA. The circulating TIMP-1 concentration was significantly higher in stable COPD patients than in control and asthmatic subjects, and was significantly negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity in COPD patients. The molar ratio between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was significantly lower in COPD patients than in control subjects. In patients with COPD, the serum TIMP-1 concentration was significantly increased during disease exacerbation. In conclusion, the current findings suggest that serum tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 concentration can be used as a serum marker of airway obstruction and exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Computer-aided analysis of the epileptic EEG. (1987)

An introductory review of a comprehensive approach to the problem of automatic evaluation of the epileptic EEG in the frame of syntactic analysis is presented. The aims and merits of the syntactic approach are discussed and the viability of the method is demonstrated on a few chosen examples. Working procedures for automatic segmentation and classification of patterns in single- as well as in multi-channel case of the epileptic EEG are briefly described. These include algorithms for segmentation by a finite-state automaton technique (single channel) and, in multi-channel case, a sparsely updated Kalman filter algorithm. Inherent possibilities of the approach presented are shown to open the way for a global description of a seizure in terms of the Markov chains theory.
In situ composites: Blends of isotropic polymers and thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (1987)

Abstract Melt blending of a variety of conventional isotropic polymers (both crystalline and amorphous) has shown that considerable reinforcement is obtained from the inclusion of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (LCP). When the LCP is a minor component it forms highly elongated domains parallel to the flow direction. The intrinsically high strength and stiffness of the LCP improve the mechanical properties of the resulting blend. This approach is distinguished from the common practice of filling polymers with chopped glass and carbon fibers by the fact that the reinforcing component comes into existence during processing (molding or extrusion). Many of the problems associated with fibrous fillers are avoided. For example, viscosity of the “in situ composite” is actually lower than that of the base polymer and wear on the compounding and processing equipment is reduced.
Practical, Non-Invasive Measurement of Urinary Catheter Insertion Forces and Motions (2019)

Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are among the most common nonpayment hospital acquired conditions. Inexperienced health care providers placing indwelling urinary catheters are associated with an increased risk of CAUTI. The creation of high-fidelity simulators may reduce CAUTI risk during critical early learning. As a first step toward the creation of accurate simulators our group set out to characterize the mechanical aspects of urethral catheterization. This work presents an inexpensive, yet practical means of acquiring motion and force data from urethral catheter insertion procedures using OpenCV ArUco markers. Evaluation of the video system’s accuracy was done to understand the performance characteristics within the boundaries of the procedure’s target workspace. The tracking accuracy was validated to be roughly ± 3 mm in the plane of the camera, and ± 10–25 mm along its axis depending on the distance. Feasibility of using this platform in a clinically relevant setting was demonstrated by capturing the force and motion data when performing urinary catheterization on cadaveric donors (N=2).
Cloning of a human homologue of the <i>Xenopus Iaevis</i> APX gene from the ocular albinism type 1 critical region (1995)

Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by a major impairment of visual acuity, nystagmus, strabismus, photophobia and retinal hypopigmentation. From the analysis of patients carrying deletions and translocations involving the distal short arm of the X chromosome (Xp22.3) we have identified a region of approximately 110 kb in which the OA1 gene must lie. We have extensively searched for genes in this region using a variety of techniques which included exon amplification, cDNA selection and direct hybridization of cosmid inserts to cDNA libraries. Putative exons identified by exon amplification were used to screen a human retina cDNA library and several cDNA clones corresponding to an approximately 7.5 kb transcript were isolated and characterized. Transcripts of this newly identified gene were found to be abundant in retina and melanoma and could also be detected in brain, placenta, lung, kidney and pancreas. Interestingly, sequence analysis revealed that this new gene encodes a 1616 amino acid protein sharing significant similarities with the Apical Protein from Xenopus laevis (APX) which is implicated in amiloride-sensitive sodium channel activity. The gene, termed APXL (APX-Like), spans approximately 160 kb, contains 10 exons and covers over 70% of the 110 kb critical region for OA1. A truncated pseudogene sharing very high levels of homology with the rat eIF-5 gene, a eukaryotic translation initiation factor, was found to lie in the middle of intron 1. APXL was found deleted in two patients with contiguous gene syndromes including OA1 and in one patient with isolated OA1. Mapping, expression and patient analysis data led us to consider the APXL gene a strong candidate for the OA1 gene. DNA from 57 unrelated patients with OA1 was, therefore, scanned for mutations in the coding region, using both SSCP analysis and direct sequencing. No functionally significant mutation was identified, suggesting that APXL is not directly involved in OA1. Further studies are needed to clarify the physiologic role of this highly conserved gene.
The optimal camera geometry and performance analysis of a trinocular vision system (1995)

In this paper, the projection location constraint is exploited to reduce ambiguous correspondences in trinocular systems. The inherent matching problems associated with the spurious features produced by overlapping among targets, the periodic structure of objects and the occlusion features were solved. The projection location constraint can be achieved by the deviation-to-distance transformation and the optimal epipolar constraint. The deviation-to-distance transformation transforms the location deviation of the extracted feature on an image plane to a maximum distance between the potential corresponding features and the epipolar line on another image for restricting the searching area of correspondences. The optimal epipolar constraint is obtained by adjusting the camera model before systems start to work. With the deviation-to-distance transformation and the optimal epipolar constraint, the arbitral area for searching the potential corresponding features can be made reasonably small. This not only saves computational time but also results in fewer ambiguous correspondences. In practice, the importance of the paper is that it proposes a very easy adjustment of camera geometry to simplify the most troublesome matching problem encountered in stereo systems. All the discussions and derivations are based on the geometry of the camera model and the mapping between the locations of the 3D features and their projection locations on the image planes. The non-ambiguity probability of the trinocular system is derived theoretically and verified by experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>