gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rijndael for Sensor Networks: Is Speed the Main Issue? (2007)

We present an implementation of Rijndael for wireless sensor networks running on Eyes sensor nodes. In previous works, Rijndael has not been considered a suitable encryption algorithm for sensor nodes because it is too slow and requires a large space in memory, a precious resource in this environment. Our implementation of Rijndael is smaller, from about 1/3 to 1/5 of the size of previous implementations. Furthermore, we observe that nowadays MAC and routing protocols for wireless sensor networks, exhibit latencies up to few seconds, and thus the few milliseconds required by Rijndael to encrypt a TinyOS message are negligible if compared to these latencies. For this reason, in our opinion the main focus on the implementation of encryption algorithms for wireless sensor networks should move from speed, to memory occupation and energy efficiency.
Improvement of Starch Extraction Efficiency From Potato with Cellulase Family (2016)

The objective of this study was to increase starch extraction efficiency from domestic potato by five kinds of foodgrade cellulases (mixture of β-glucanases, pectinase, cellulase, hemicelullase, and β-glucosdiase). Cellulase-treated potato had a maximum of 40% higher starch extraction yield than non-enzyme treated potato. It turned out that the shape and structure of cellulose-treated and nonenzyme-treated potatoes were the same. The average particle size of cellulose-treated potato starch was smaller than non-enzyme treated potato. Interestingly, the small starch granular (<10 μm particle) was shown in extracted starch from cellulose-treated potato. Rapid viscosity analysis showed that starch from cellulase treated potato had lower pasting temperature than starch from nonenzyme-treated potato. The range of the gelatinization temperature (49-62°C) of starches from cellulose-treated potato was broader than that of starches from nonenzyme-treated potato. Therefore, the results of this study confirm that cellulase plays an important role in the extraction of starch from the potato and physicochemical characteristics of potato starch.
Privacy and efficacy of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) : a triangulation study in Ontario, Canada (2019)

In this chapter, the author has introduced the needs of EHR from paper records due to the requirements of efficiency, better health care, control of health costs and quick assimilation of information for public health.By defining the key terms and names of EHR, analysis and discussion can be framed within the definition.The issues of digital format of EHR is introduced followed by the patient's concern about privacy.The author introduced five concepts related to privacy and borrowed the concept of countermeasure that is commonly used in information security protection.The research question is introduced with a description of how the thesis is structured. Chapter SummaryThis chapter has established a review of existing knowledge relating to patient privacy in EHRs.The review highlighted many EHRs initiatives worldwide, the motives of payer's initiative of EHRs, the issues that may give rise to patient privacy concerns.While establishing the reasons and validity of privacy concerns of patients in EHR, an established research framework, namely Concerns For Information Privacy (CFIP) developed by Smith, Milberg and Burke (1996) in accessing privacy, is identified and discussed.The validity of the CFIP framework has been confirmed and expanded subsequently by other researchers through new research studies.By defining the research question and sub-questions, it allows the author to decide a research methodology and a research design that can provide an overall strategy integrating the different instruments and approach to form a coherent and a relevant study of the research questions.
The Role of Solid-Phase Fragment Condensation (SPFC) in Peptide Synthesis (1994)

Condensation of fully protected peptide fragments on a solid support is an efficient alternative to stepwise solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). While stepwise SPPS is often efficient for assembly of peptides up to 20 or 30 amino acids in length, for longer peptides and small proteins (50 amino acid residues and more) separation of the target molecule from often closely related deletion, modification and termination sequences, generated at each single step by incomplete reaction, may lead to complete failure of the stepwise approach. This is where SPFC plays a key role by combining the advantages of solution synthesis (possibility of purification of the intermediate peptides) and solid-phase procedures (rapid reaction, high yield and easy removal of excess reagent). By limiting the number of coupling steps between fragments, SPFC helps to increase yield and purity of the target peptide with respect to the stepwise approach. Recent progress in rapid assembly of fully protected peptide fragments on specially designed linkers by stepwise protocols along with the development of efficient methods for fragment purification is now reported regularly and will further increase the importance of SPFC in peptide chemistry. 1. Introduction and Scope 2. Historical Development 3. Strategy and Tactics in SPFC 3.1. The Role of the Solid Support 3.2. Orthogonal Protection Schemes for Formation of Protected Peptides. Double Linker Strategy and Preformed Handle Approach 3.3. Handles and Linker-Resins for Synthesis of Protected Fragments and for Final Fragment Assembly: Barlos and Kaiser Resins 3.4. Proper Choice of Fragments 3.5. Activation of Peptide Acids: Comparison of Different Coupling Methods 3.6. Excess Reagent. Influence of Solvent, Additives, Side-Chain Protection and Temperature on Solubility. Repeated Coupling and Capping 3.7. Comparative Synthetic Studies Between Stepwise SPPS, Solution and SPFC 4. Special Developments in SPFC 4.1. Synthesis and Attachment of the Peptide to the resin. Side-Chain Attachment and Cyclisation Reactions 4.2. (C→N)- and (N→C)-Assembly in SPFC. Oxidation-Reduction Condensation 4.3. Towards Automatisation: Combined Stepwise and FC-Approach 5. Monitoring of Cleavage and of FC. Internal Reference AAs (IRAAs) 6. Purification Methods for Protected Peptide Fragments 7. SPFC-Procedures in the Literature Condensation of Fragments on Merrifield and PAM resins (HF-Cleavage, Transesterification) FC on Wang Resins (TFA-Cleavage) FC on Kaiser Resins (Cleavage by Nucleophiles) FC on Highly Acid-Labile Resins Procedures for Synthesis of Peptide Amides Special Procedures: Side-Chain Attachment of Peptides, (N→C)-Assembly of Fragments, Oxidation-Reduction Condensation 8. Outlook and Conclusions 9. Abbreviations
Theory of plasma confinement in non-axisymmetric magnetic fields (2014)

The theory of plasma confinement by non-axisymmetric magnetic fields is reviewed. Such fields are used to confine fusion plasmas in stellarators, where in contrast to tokamaks and reversed-field pinches the magnetic field generally does not possess any continuous symmetry. The discussion is focussed on magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium conditions, collisionless particle orbits, and the kinetic theory of equilbrium and transport. Each of these topics is fundamentally affected by the absence of symmetry in the magnetic field: the field lines need not trace out nested flux surfaces, the particle orbits may not be confined, and the cross-field transport can be very large. Nevertheless, by tailoring the magnetic field appropriately, well-behaved equilibria with good confinement can be constructed, potentially offering an attractive route to magnetic fusion. In this article, the mathematical apparatus to describe stellarator plasmas is developed from first principles and basic elements underlying confinement optimization are introduced.
Adaptive synchronization for continuous media storage in a multimedia communication system (2002)

The paper introduces and analyzes the synchronization concept used in a new B-ISDN multimedia communication system. The methods proposed have been simulated and then implemented in the actual prototype system. As opposed to the common time stamping concepts, we use a hierarchical approach that first smooths each stream timing and then synchronizes the streams to each other by delaying the "earlier" ones. The concept is based on the "Adaptive Method", but it has been extended and improved to support framed video and audio as well as unstructured, constant bit rate voice streams without additional framing overhead. Another interesting point is that the multimedia storage device can preserve the relative timing information between the streams, i.e. there is no difference whether the transmission is live or stored. It is also a convenience of this synchronization and storage concept, that the operating system can keep the stored video and audio tracks themselves, as well as their directory information on the same disk.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization-Flow Cytometry-Cell Sorting-Based Method for Separation and Enrichment of Type I and Type II Methanotroph Populations (2006)

A fluorescence in situ hybridization-flow cytometry (FISH/FC)-based method was optimized using artificial mixtures of pure cultures of methanotrophic bacteria. Traditional oligonucleotide probes targeting 16S rRNAs of type I (MG84/705 probe) and type II (MA450 probe) methanotrophs were labeled with fluorescein or Alexa fluor and used for FISH, followed by fluorescence-activated FC analysis and cell sorting (FACS). The method resulted in efficient separation of target cells (type I or type II methanotrophs) from the artificial mixtures. The method was then applied for detection and enrichment of type I and type II methanotroph populations from a natural sample, Lake Washington sediment. Cells were extracted from the sediment, fixed, and subjected to FISH/FC/FACS. The resulting subpopulations were analyzed by reverse transcriptase PCR surveys of 16S rRNA, pmoA (encoding a subunit of particulate methane monooxygenase), and fae (encoding formaldehyde-activating enzyme) genes. The functional gene analysis indicated specific separation of the type I and type II methanotroph populations. 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that type I methanotrophs comprised 59% of the subpopulation separated using the type I-specific probe and that type II methanotrophs comprised 47.5% of the subpopulation separated using the type II-specific probe. Our data indicate that the FISH/FC/FACS protocol described can provide significant enrichment of microbial populations of interest from complex natural communities and that these can be used for genetic tests. We further tested the possibility of direct whole-genome amplification (WGA) from limited numbers of sorted cells, using artificial mixtures of microbes whose genome sequences are known. We demonstrated that efficient WGA can be achieved using 10(4) or more cells separated by 16S rRNA-specific FISH/FC/FACS, while fewer cells resulted in less specific WGA.
Keeping bots out of online games (2005)

We study the problem of restricting participation in online games to human players, so they can enjoy the game without interference from automated playing agents known as bots. We propose a range of techniques, both software and hardware based, to distinguish bots from human players in a wide variety of online games, from poker to "shoot'em ups."
Single-channel operation in very long nonlinear fibers with optical amplifiers at zero dispersion (1991)

The author investigates, by means of computer simulations, the performance of a very long, single-channel optical fiber system operating very close to the zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber. Fiber losses are compensated by optical amplifiers. The optical signal is filtered after each amplifier, is passed through a final optical filter prior to square-law detection, and is finally filtered electrically. It is found that such a system does not work well if the fiber dispersion is strictly constant and if the carrier wavelength of the modulated signal coincides with the zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber. As a result, the optical signal spectrum spreads to many times its initial width so that power is lost in the optical filters and the signal-to-noise ratio is degraded by the need for admitting a wider band of noise to the receiver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SVMs for the Blogosphere: Blog Identification and Splog Detection (2006)

Weblogs, or blogs have become an important new way to publish information, engage in discussions and form communities. The increasing popularity of blogs has given rise to search and analysis engines focusing on the “blogosphere”. A key requirement of such systems is to identify blogs as they crawl the Web. While this ensures that only blogs are indexed, blog search engines are also often overwhelmed by spam blogs (splogs). Splogs not only incur computational overheads but also reduce user satisfaction. In this paper we first describe experimental results of blog identification using Support Vector Ma-chines (SVM). We compare results of using different feature sets and introduce new features for blog iden-tification. We then report preliminary results on splog detection and identify future work.
Li<sup>+</sup>ion motion in quartz and β-eucryptite studied by dielectric spectroscopy and atomistic simulations (2004)

Li+ motion in quartz and β-eucryptite (LiAlSiO4) is investigated by dielectric spectroscopy and classical simulations. Simulations are performed using a combination of traditional energy-minimization (using the GULP code) and a mechanical approach derived from Rigid Unit modelling, implemented in the GASP code. Comparison of the simulation approaches shows that geometrical modelling of cooperative framework motions can be combined with electrostatic and Buckingham interactions to give meaningful results for motion of interstitial ions in quartz frameworks. The experimental results can be accounted for on the basis of Li+ motion in the presence of Al substitutional defects.
Enzymic modification of cellulose - xyloglucan networks : implications for fruit juice processing = Enzymatische modificatie van cellulose - xyloglucaan netwerken (1996)

Xyloglucans play an important role in connecting cellulose microfibrils in the primary coli wall of plants, and the resulting cellulose-xyloglucan network is thought to determine the strength of these walls. Xyloglucans were isolated from apple fruit and potato tuber cell wall material by alkaline extraction and their primary structures were determined. Major differences between these two polysaccharides were their degree of backbone branching and the presence of fucosyl and arabinosyl residues.The substrate specificity of three ondoglucanases from Trichoderma viride (endol, endolV and endoV) was investigated. The target substrate of endol is cellulose, that of endolV xyloglucan, whereas endoV is the most versatile endoglucanase having the ability of degrading both substrates. EndolV and endoV differ in their mode of action towards potato xyloglucan. Further, strong indications were obtained that xyloglucanase activity is related to a long array of substrate-binding sites.The degradation of the cellulose-xyloglucan network in isolated coli wall material from apple fruit involves several glucanase activities. Xyloglucanase activity is important to make cell wall embedded cellulose more accessible to true cellulolytic enzymes such as endol and cellobiohydrolase. Extensive degradation is required because xyloglucan fragments having a backbone of 20 glucosyl residues (five building units) still bind to cellulose surfaces. These results might explain why fungi excrete so many different kinds of endoglucanases.When the cell walls of living apple fruit tissue were treated with pectin lyase and a mixture of glucanases from Trichoderma viride (liquefaction), the ease with which the apple tissue disintegrated, seemed to depend on the maturity of the fruit. The disintegration of apple fruit tissue during liquefaction correlates to the level of (ripeningrelated) xyloglucan endotransglycosylase activity in apple fruit. An hypothesis for the synergism of fungal and plant glucanases is put forward. Under certain circumstances (controlled liquefaction) the cellulose-xyloglucan network can be modified in such a way, that a stable cellulose-based cloud is formed in the resulting apple juice. The significance of these observations for juice manufacturing is discussed.
Determination of parts-per-billion concentrations of dioxane in water and soil by purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or charcoal tube enrichment gas chromatography (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of parts-per-billion concentrations of dioxane in water and soil by purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or charcoal tube enrichment gas chromatographyPaul S. Epstein, Theresa. Mauer, Michael. Wagner, Susan. Chase, and Betsy. GilesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 15, 1987–1990Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00142a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00142a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The influence of platelet disorientation on the barrier properties of composites: a numerical study (2004)

Direct finite element calculations are carried out to study the relationship between the platelet orientational distribution and the overall effective barrier properties (gas permeability) of mineral filled composites. We consider multi-inclusion computer models with microstructures representative of the dilute, semi-dilute and concentration regimes. In the dilute regime, our numerical predictions validate the results of multiple scattering expansion theory. For the semi-dilute and concentration regimes representative of most real composites, we present numerical estimates quantifying the difference between the barrier properties of composites with fully aligned and randomly oriented platelets. Our numerical results can also be used to quantify the effect of the geometric factor on the gas barrier properties of polymer-mineral hybrid nanocomposites.
Low-level segmentation of 3-D magnetic resonance brain images-a rule-based system (1990)

A rule-based, low-level segmentation system that can automatically identify the space occupied by different structures of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is described. Given three-dimensional image data as a stack of slices, it can extract brain parenchyma, cerebro-spinal fluid, and high-intensity abnormalities. The multiple feature environment of MR imaging is used to comput several low-level features to enhance the separability of voxels of different structures. The population distribution of each feature is considered and a confidence function is computed whose amplitude indicates the likelihood of a voxel, with a given feature value, being a member of a class of voxels. Confidence levels are divided into a set of ranges to define notions such as highly confident, moderately confident, and least confident. The rule-based system consists of a set of sequential stages in which partially segmented binary scenes of one stage guide the next stage. Some important low-level definitions and rules for a clinical imaging protocol are presented. The system is applied to several MR images.
Energy Transfer from a Fluorescent Hydrogel to a Hosted Fluorophore (2006)

The fluorescent properties of a new 1,3,5-cyclohexyltricarboxamide-based low-molecular-weight hydrogelator (1) derivatized with one hydrophobic fluorophore and two hydrophilic substituents have been investigated. Gels of 1 are composed of long, nonbranched fibers of uniform diameter, as shown by cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The aggregation of the naphthalene fluorophore moieties of the gelator molecules in the gel fibers favors the occurrence of a fast energy migration process that allows a very efficient sensitization of the fluorescence of a hosted fluorophore. Such processes have been investigated by the addition of propyldansylamide (PDNS), at two different concentrations, to gels of 1. Around 30% of the total PDNS added to the gels was found to be incorporated in the gel fibers, as confirmed by deconvolution of the fluorescence spectrum, excited-state lifetime measurements, and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements. Moreover, anisotropy measurements show that the fluorophore that is incorporated within the gel fibers is almost completely immobilized, indicating that the interactions of PDNS with the gelator moieties are very strong. This particular configuration of donor (1) and acceptor (PDNS) molecules leads to a very efficient antenna effect, where 50% of the absorbed photons are funneled through to the dansyl derivative when one PDNS molecule is incorporated in the gel fibers for every 100 gelator molecules. A 5-fold higher concentration of PDNS increases the percentage of funneled photons to 75%.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the "brain-specific" proteins 14-3-2 and S-100. (1982)

We have raised mouse hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies against bovine brain-specific proteins 14-3-2 and S-100, and we have characterized the antibodies by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods in sections and in tissue cultures of rat brain. One monoclonal antibody to 14-3-2 (E8.F9) has been found to react strongly with bovine 14-3-2 and with rat neuron-specific enolase in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and to react weakly with rat nonneuronal enolase. This pattern of specificity is reflected in strong neuronal labeling and occasional weak glial labeling in immunocytochemical preparations. After appropriate tissue fixation, E8.F9 could be shown to be localized primarily to the cytoplasm of neurons; with less adequate fixation nuclear labeling was also seen. A monoclonal antibody to the calcium binding protein S-100 (G12.B8) reacted strongly with bovine S-100 in an ELISA and with the major protein bands in electrophoretically separated S-100. In immunocytochemical preparations G12.B8 labeled the cytoplasm of astrocytes. Both antibodies are of the IgG1 subclass. Because of its specificity, the antibody against the S-100 protein promises to be useful as an immunological marker for astrocytes in the adult animal and in mature tissue cultures of brain cells. Although it has been thought that the generally low levels and relatively late appearance of S-100 during ontogeny may restrict its usefulness as a marker for developing astrocytes, preliminary immunocytochemical evidence indicates that G12.B8 selectively labels radial glial cells and astrocytes or astrocyte precursors as early as, or even earlier than, antibodies against the glial fibrillary acidic protein. The antibody against neuron-specific enolase is likely to be of limited use as a neuronal marker because of its crossreactivity with nonneuronal enolase.