gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unified analysis of generalized selection diversity with normalized threshold test per branch (2004)

The ability to capture significant amount of transmitted signal energy present in the resolvable multipaths using only a modest number of RAKE fingers (correlators) is an important receiver design consideration for ultra-wideband (UWB) and wideband CDMA communication systems. This, however, is achieved at the expense of RAKE receiver performance. Motivated by this need, several suboptimal hybrid receiver structures have been proposed in the literature. The study on generalized selection diversity combining with normalized threshold test per branch (T - GSC(/spl mu/,L)) is also important from a theoretical standpoint because this model encapsulates both the traditional selection diversity and maximal-ratio combining (coherent detection) or post-detection equal-gain combining (noncoherent detection) schemes as limiting cases. However, mathematical analysis for T - GSC(/spl mu/,L) has been limited to i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channels. This paper derives simple to evaluate formulas for the moment generating function (mgf) of T - GSC(/spl mu/,L) output SNR with L resolvable multipaths. In addition to providing new results for many cases that heretofore has resisted solution in a simple form, our approach also allows some of the previously obtained results to be simplified both analytically and computationally.
The association of fructans with high percentage dry weight in onion cultivars suitable for dehydrating (1979)

Abstract As the percentage dry weight of bulbs of different onion cultivars increased, the fructan content also increased. The higher percentage dry weight cultivars also contained higher concentrations of higher molecular weight fructans. The percentage dry weight and non‐structural carbohydrate content increased from the outer to the inner leaf bases of the bulbs of all cultivars. In low, medium and high percentage dry weight cultivars non‐structural carbohydrate represents a fairly constant 87, 83 and 88% of dry weight, respectively. This constant percentage implied that dry weight differences should be assigned to differences in water content.
Simulation of Large Fragment Impacts on Shear-Thickening Fluid Kevlar Fabric Barriers (2011)

Hybrid-particle-element methods developed for woven fabric impact modeling offer a new computational approach to fabric barrier design. Simulations performed using this technique have shown good agreement with small fragment impact experiments, and they capture the complex multilayer fabric dynamics observed in high-speed videos of impact testing. In recent research, the numerical method has been applied and evaluated in large fragment impact simulations, and it has been extended in order to model the inertial, thermodynamic, and energy dissipation properties of shear-thickening fluid Kevlar®. Simulations of large fragment impacts at velocities near 1000 ft=s show good agreement with neat Kevlar test data for perforated targets, but they diverge at near-ballistic limit conditions. Consistent with the experiment, the simulations indicate that, for the particular fabric and fluid combination investigated, shear-thickening fluid treatment does not improve the ballistic performance of neat fabric barriers when measured on an areal density basis. The simulations also suggest that shear-thickening effects may not play a major role in determining the ballistic performance of the augmented fabric.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption of peptides and proteins using a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (1993)

Abstract The analytical capabilities of the combination of matrix‐assisted laser desorption with a quadrupole ion trap utilizing ion injection are demonstrated using peptides and proteins with molecular weights up to 43 kDa.
Contraction-type glucose-sensitive microgel functionalized with a 2-substituted phenylboronic acid ligand (2013)

A new glucose-sensitive microgel, the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) (P(NIPAM-2-AAPBA)) microgel, which contracts instead of expanding in the presence of glucose, was synthesized. The configuration of 2-AAPBA allows for the occurrence of an intramolecular B–O coordinated interaction, which stabilizes the tetrahedral form of the phenylboronic acid (PBA) group and makes it the dominant form in the microgel. Upon addition of glucose, with the formation of a 1 : 2 glucose–phenylboronate complex, the microgel size shrinks monotonously with increasing glucose concentrations. Addition of glucose also shifts the volume phase transition temperature of the microgel to lower temperatures. The glucose sensitivity of the microgel can be influenced by temperature, ionic strength and PBA content, but pH variation within the physiological range shows no influence. The P(NIPAM-2-AAPBA) microgel displays good glucose sensitivity at physiological pH and ionic strength. In addition, interference from fructose, galactose, and lactate is negligible. The new contraction-type glucose-sensitive microgel is expected to find applications in self-regulated insulin release and glucose sensing.
Drosophila 230-kD TFIID subunit, a functional homolog of the human cell cycle gene product, negatively regulates DNA binding of the TATA box-binding subunit of TFIID. (1993)

A Drosophila cDNA encoding the largest TFIID subunit (p230) was isolated using a degenerate oligodeoxynucleotide probe based on an amino acid sequence of the purified protein. The entire cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 2068 amino acids, corresponding to a calculated molecular mass of 232 kD. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a strong sequence similarity with the protein encoded by a human gene (CCG1) implicated in cell cycle progression through G1, suggesting that p230 may be a target for cell cycle regulatory factors. The recombinant protein expressed in Sf9 cells via a baculovirus vector interacts directly with the TATA box-binding subunit of TFIID (TFIID tau or TBP) from Drosophila, human, and yeast. Surprisingly, recombinant p230 inhibits the TATA box-binding activity and function of TFIID tau, suggesting that p230 interactions with TFIID tau, and possible modulations thereof by other factors may play an important role in TFIID function.
A monoclonal-antibody enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen with use of a biotin-avidin system. (1985)

In this solid-phase two-site enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), three monoclonal anti-HBs are used: 5D3 (IgM) is immobilized on plastic beads; 5C3 (IgG2a) and 5C 11 (IgG1), labeled with biotin, are used as the first conjugate. Horseradish peroxidase covalently linked to avidin is the second conjugate. First, serum or plasma is incubated with the antibody-coated bead and biotin-labeled antibodies, simultaneously, at 45 degrees C for 1 h ("stat" procedure), 3 h ("standard" procedure), or 18 h ("overnight" procedure), during which HBsAg forms a complex with the solid-phase antibody and the biotinylated antibodies. The enzyme-conjugated avidin is then bound to the biotin on the antigen-antibody complex at 45 degrees C for 15 min ("stat") or 30 min (standard and overnight procedures). The beads are incubated with enzyme-substrate solution (H2O2 and o-phenylenediamine). Color developed is measured at 492 nm. All procedures satisfied third-generation HBsAg tests required by the FDA Office of Biologics, being sensitive both to ad and ay subtypes in subnanogram amounts. The assay is reactive with adw2, adw4, adr, ayw2, ayw3, and ayr subtypes and can detect viral determinants in HBsAg-anti-HBs immune complex form. Thus it provides a sensitive, simple, and reproducible alternative to radioimmunoassay.
Effect of Surfactant on Morbidity, Mortality, and Resource Use in Newborn Infants Weighing 500 to 1500 g (1994)

The introduction of surfactant has led to decreased mortality and morbidity in very-low-birth-weight infants and to decreased use of resources both for infants who survive and for those who die.
Soft Law in the Prevention and Control of the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Between Legality Concerns and Limited Participatory Possibilities (2021)

As a previously unknown virus, the spread of the coronavirus challenged not only medical science and public health systems, but also public governance in all countries. In order to tackle the COVID-19 crisis in China, public authorities at various levels have issued a large number of measures that have no legally binding force, but produce practical effects. A closer look at selected COVID-19 measures in China shows that both the advantages and drawbacks of soft law are brought to the fore by the pandemic. This contribution, focusing on Chinese experiences with COVID-19 soft law, argues that the lack of legal bindingness and consequently of legal enforcement does not make soft law measures ineffective. On the contrary, these "defects" ease the adoption of soft law and ensure its availability to both public authorities and citizens, hence increasing its effectiveness in combating the pandemic. Yet problems remain in realising participatory possibilities and ensuring respect for legality.
Clinical efficacy and safety of Lyprinol, a patented extract from New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna Canaliculus) in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: a multicenter 2-month clinical trial. (2003)

Lyprinol was very effective and is a promising anti-inflammatory product that relieves the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, without adverse effect.
Classical Labeling of Bacterial Pathogens According to Their Lifestyle in the Host: Inconsistencies and Alternatives (2012)

An ample understanding of the complex interactions between host and pathogen will improve our ability to develop new prophylactic and therapeutic measures against infection. Precise classification of infectious agents in regards to their infective lifestyles in the host and corresponding pathogenic implications are required because clear concepts are essential to plan fruitful research. Classically, pathogenic bacteria are classified as extracellular, facultative intracellular, and obligate intracellular. In my opinion, this classification is inadequate because, as concluded from data here discussed, it is based on inconsistencies and hyper-valorizes the capacity of the infectious agent replicate in vitro in cell-free media. For a microbial pathogen, what matters is whether intra- or extracellularity is in the context of the in vivo life and in association with pathogenicity. When living as a pathogen in association with its host, what is relevant in microbiological terms is not the ability to grow in artificial cell-free bacteriological media or in environmental niches but whether the intracellular infectious agent, besides the phase of intracellular growth which is behind its label, also is able to live extracellularly in the natural settings of the extracellular territories of their hosts. To eliminate the inconsistencies associated with the classical labeling of bacterial pathogens, I propose that bacterial pathogens be labeled exclusive extracellular, dual intracellular/extracellular and exclusive intracellular based on their infective lifestyle in the host, not in the ability to grow in artificial bacteriological media.
Off‐target inhibition by active site‐targeting <scp>SHP</scp> 2 inhibitors (2018)

Due to the involvement of SHP2 (SH2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase) in human disease, including Noonan syndrome and cancer, several inhibitors targeting SHP2 have been developed. Here, we report that the commonly used SHP2 inhibitor NSC-87877 does not exhibit robust inhibitory effects on growth factor-dependent MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway activation and that the recently developed active site-targeting SHP2 inhibitors IIB-08, 11a-1, and GS-493 show off-target effects on ligand-evoked activation/trans-phosphorylation of the PDGFRβ (platelet-derived growth factor receptor β). GS-493 also inhibits purified human PDGFRβ and SRC <i>in vitro</i>, whereas PDGFRβ inhibition by IIB-08 and 11a-1 occurs only in the cellular context. Our results argue for extreme caution in inferring specific functions for SHP2 based on studies using these inhibitors.
An efficient method for improving the quality of per-test fault diagnosis (2005)

Per-test fault diagnosis methodology has been shown to be an effective one for the identification of complex defects. We improve a recent per-test technique by applying additional diagnosis on the outputs of the circuit. The new method brings in more evidence to support the true failures, hence improves the diagnostic quality. We show that this method can very well address several problems in previous work.
A Gibbs Sampler for the Detection of Subtle Motifs in Multiple Sequences (1994)

We describe a new statistically based algorithm that aligns sequences by means of predictive inference. Using residue frequencies, this Gibbs sampling algorithm iteratively selects alignments in accordance with their conditional probabilities. The newly formed alignments in tum update an evolving residue frequency model. When equilibrium is reached the most probable alignment can be identified. If a detectable pattem is present, generally convergence is rapid. Effectively, the algorithm finds optimal local multiple alignments in linear time (seconds on current workstations). Its use is illustrated on test sets of lipocalins and prenyltranferases.
Isolation and diagnostic potential of IS<i>Mav2</i>, a novel insertion sequence-like element from<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subspecies<i>paratuberculosis</i> (2001)

A novel Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) specific insertion sequence has been identified by representational difference analysis and designated as ISMav2. ISMav2 has no similarity to known mycobacterial IS elements but shows more than 50% identity to a non-composite transposon of Streptomyces coelicolor at the DNA and protein level. ISMav2 is present in at least three copies on the genome as assessed by Southern blot analysis and its potential value as a diagnostic tool was confirmed by PCR analyses on 79 M. paratuberculosis field isolates, nine M. avium ssp. avium isolates, and the reference strains of nine other mycobacterial species.
Sensitivity of hepatitis C virus to cyclosporine A depends on nonstructural proteins NS5A and NS5B (2007)

Preexisting sequence variation could alter the effect of cyclosporine on HCV in vivo.
Potential of 8-methyl-2-decyl Propanoate and Plant-Derived Volatiles for Attracting Corn Rootworm Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Toxic Bait1 (1988)

Populations of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (WCR) and D. barberi Smith and Lawrence (NCR) were monitored in plots (15 by 15 m) that contained 5 × 5 grids of toxic baits in vial traps. For plots in which baits consisted of only olive oil plus carbaryl, 0.4 WCR and 3.6 NCR per bait were captured. In plots in which a feeding stimulant (cucurbitacin) was added, capture per bait was 12.4 WCR and 22.3 NCR. Addition of plant derived volatile attractants (estragole for WCR and eugenol for NCR) increased capture of the respective species another four times. The racemate of 8R-methyl-2R-decyl propanoate (the apparent sex pheromone of both species) caused an increase in numbers of male WCR captured on unbaited sticky traps within plots, but the amount used (900 µ;g per bait) was apparently too great for optimal attraction of males to point sources. The racemate also repelled NCR of both sexes. Over 6 d, traps that were baited with estragole and eugenol removed more WCR and NCR than were estimated to have been in the plots at the start of the test; because of immigration, however, there were no detectable reductions in numbers of beetles on plants within those plots. Feeding stimulants and plant volatiles show great promise for enhancing the effectiveness of adulticides, but, because of the beetles’ vagility, the concept must be tested over much broader acreages.
X-band MMIC power amplifier with an on-chip temperature-compensation circuit (2001)

An X-band monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) power amplifier with a simplified on-chip temperature-compensation circuit composed of a few diodes and a resistor are presented in this paper. At first, the operation principle and design method of the temperature-compensation circuit have been investigated. The fabricated four-stage X-band MMIC power amplifier with the on-chip temperature-compensation circuit has demonstrated the improvement of gain variation from 5.5 to 1.3 dB in the temperature range from -10/spl deg/C to +80/spl deg/C.
Donor−Acceptor Poly(thiophene-<i>block</i>-perylene diimide) Copolymers: Synthesis and Solar Cell Fabrication (2009)

Donor−acceptor diblock copolymers, composed of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rrP3HT) as the electron donor block and poly(perylene diimide acrylate) (PPDA) as the electron acceptor block, were prepared and used to fabricate a solar cell. Vinyl-terminated rrP3HT was synthesized by Grignard metathesis polymerization and converted to an alkoxyamine macroinitiator. This polythiophene macroinitiator was used in controlled free radical polymerization of a perylene diimide-containing acrylate. The targeted donor−acceptor diblock copolymers were prepared with low-to-moderate polydispersity indices (1.2−1.4) and molecular weights sufficiently high for producing films by spin-coating. These copolymers showed efficient photoluminescence quenching in the solid state, indicative of charge separation, and were used to produce a solar cell with power conversion efficiency of 0.49%.
Enhanced Specialized Transduction Using Recombineering in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2014)

Genetic manipulation of M. tuberculosis is hampered by laborious and relatively inefficient methods for generating deletion mutant strains. The combined use of phage-based transduction and recombineering methods greatly enhances the efficiency by which knockout strains can be generated. The additional elimination of recD further enhances this efficiency. The methods described herein will facilitate the construction of comprehensive gene knockout libraries and expedite the isolation of previously difficult to recover mutants, promoting antimicrobial and vaccine development.
Evidence for increased beta-adrenoreceptor responsiveness induced by 14 days of simulated microgravity in humans (1997)

We studied hemodynamic responses to alpha- and beta-receptor agonists in eight healthy men before and after 14 days of 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) to test the hypothesis that increased adrenoreceptor responsiveness is induced by prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity. Steady-state infusions of isoproterenol (Iso) at rates of 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 microgram.kg-1.min-1 were used to assess beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoreceptor responsiveness. Infusions of phenylephrine (PE) at rates of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 microgram.kg-1.min-1 were used to assess responsiveness of alpha 1-vascular adrenoreceptors. Slopes calculated from linear regressions between Iso and PE doses and changes in beat-to-beat heart rate, blood pressure, and leg vascular resistance (occlusion plethysmography) for each subject were used as an index of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor responsiveness. HDT increased the slopes of heart rate (1,056 +/- 107 to 1,553 +/- 83 beats micrograms-1.kg-1.min-1; P = 0.014) and vasodilation (-469 +/- 111 to -1,446 +/- 309 peripheral resistance units.microgram-1.kg-1.min-1; P = 0.0224) to Iso infusion. There was no alteration in blood pressure or vascular resistance responses to PE infusion after HDT. Our results provide evidence that simulated microgravity causes selective increases in beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoreceptor responsiveness without affecting alpha 1-vascular adrenoreceptor responses.
The Cgmanova Model (1997)

The Completely General MANOVA (CGMANOVA) model may be used to analyze many complex designs including the GMANOVA, EGMANOVA, MSUR models, the multivariate seemingly unrelated growth curve model, and numerous other designs that do not have closed form solutions using the likelihood ratio method. In this paper we review the theory of the CGMANOVA model and compare 11near model likelihood test results with the Wald statistic.
Wormholes in spacetime and their use for interstellar travel: A tool for teaching general relativity (1988)

Rapid interstellar travel by means of spacetime wormholes is described in a way that is useful for teaching elementary general relativity. The description touches base with Carl Sagan’s novel Contact, which, unlike most science fiction novels, treats such travel in a manner that accords with the best 1986 knowledge of the laws of physics. Many objections are given against the use of black holes or Schwarzschild wormholes for rapid interstellar travel. A new class of solutions of the Einstein field equations is presented, which describe wormholes that, in principle, could be traversed by human beings. It is essential in these solutions that the wormhole possess a throat at which there is no horizon; and this property, together with the Einstein field equations, places an extreme constraint on the material that generates the wormhole’s spacetime curvature: In the wormhole’s throat that material must possess a radial tension τ0 with the enormous magnitude τ0∼ (pressure at the center of the most massive of neutron stars)×(20 km)2/(circumference of throat)2. Moreover, this tension must exceed the material’s density of mass-energy, ρ0c2. No known material has this τ0&gt;ρ0c2 property, and such material would violate all the ‘‘energy conditions’’ that underlie some deeply cherished theorems in general relativity. However, it is not possible today to rule out firmly the existence of such material; and quantum field theory gives tantalizing hints that such material might, in fact, be possible.
Living Radical Polymerization of Isoprene via the RAFT Process (2007)

The control over the polymerization of isoprene via reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) is reported. The effects of RAFT agent, reaction temperature, and monomer concentration over molecular weight control and reaction kinetics were investigated. The optimized conditions were used to produce block copolymers of isoprene with styrene and tert-butyl acrylate.
SyRust: automatic testing of Rust libraries with semantic-aware program synthesis (2021)

Rust’s type system ensures the safety of Rust programs; however, programmers can side-step some of the strict typing rules by using the unsafe keyword. A common use of unsafe Rust is by libraries. Bugs in these libraries undermine the safety of the entire Rust program. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly test library APIs to rule out bugs. Unfortunately, such testing relies on programmers to manually construct test cases, which is an inefficient and ineffective process.
Clean, cleaved surfaces of the photovoltaic perovskite (2017)

The surface of a material is not only a window into its bulk physical properties, but also hosts unique phenomena important for understanding the properties of a solid as a whole. Surface sensitive techniques, like ARPES (Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy), STM (Scanning tunneling microscopy), AFM (Atomic force microscopy), pump-probe optical measurements etc. require flat, clean surfaces. These can be obtained by cleaving, which is usually possible for layered materials. Such measurements have proven their worth by providing valuable information about cuprate superconductors, graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, topological insulators and many other novel materials. Unfortunately, this was so far not the case for the cubic, organo-metallic photovoltaic perovskite which morsels during the cleavage. Here we show a method which results in flat, clean surfaces of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbBr<sub>3</sub> which allows surface sensitive measurements, badly needed for the understanding and further engineering of this material family.