gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circular and linear plasmids of Lyme disease spirochetes have extensive homology: characterization of a repeated DNA element (1996)

We have cloned three copies of a repeated DNA segment from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strain B31, present on both circular and linear plasmids of this and other B. burgdorferi sensu lato strains. The DNA sequences are characterized by a highly homologous segment containing two open reading frames (ORFs), ORF-A and ORF-B. Five additional ORFs can be found on the slightly less homologous flanking sequences: ORF-G on the opposite strand upstream of ORF-A, and ORF-C, ORF-D, ORF-E, and ORF-F downstream of ORF-B. The 4.6-kb-long element containing ORF-A through ORF-E is flanked by approximately 180-bp-long imperfect inverted repeats (IRs). The putative gene product of ORF-C displays homology to proteins involved in plasmid maintenance in a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. ORF-E features several short, highly homologous direct repeats. ORF-A, ORF-B, and ORF-D are homologous to three ORFs on a recently described 8.3-kb circular plasmid of Borrelia afzelii Ip21 that are flanked by similar IRs (J. J. Dunn, S. R. Buchstein, L.-L. Butler, S. Fisenne, D. S. Polin, B. N. Lade, and B. J. Luft, J. Bacteriol. 176:2706-2717,1994). ORF-C and ORF-E, however, are missing from this region on the Ip21 plasmid. Furthermore, the repeated DNA element as defined by the IRs is present in opposite orientations relative to the flanking sequences on the B31 and Ip21 plasmids.
Decreased retinoid concentration and retinoid signalling pathways in human atopic dermatitis (2011)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases. Various features present in AD like inflammation, reduced apoptosis, altered epidermal differentiation and hyperproliferation as well as permeability dysfunction are also regulated by retinoids. The aim of our study is to identify the retinoid signalling pathways and retinoid concentration profiles in AD skin. Human skin biopsies were obtained from healthy volunteers (HS) (n=6) and patients with AD (n=6), with both affected (AS) and non-affected (NAS) skin. The gene expression of retinoid receptors, retinoid-binding proteins and retinoid-metabolizing enzymes was investigated by QRT-PCR. Retinoid concentrations in serum and skin were measured via high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Our results show that the target gene expression of retinoid receptor regulated pathways is significantly decreased in AS and NAS of patients with AD. CYP26A1, transglutaminase 2 and retinoic acid receptor responder 1 decreased in NAS and AS in comparison with HS. The main retinoic acid synthesizing enzyme, retinal dehydrogenase 1, was significantly lower expressed in NAS (0.1%) and AS (1%) in patients with AD. Analysis of retinoid concentration in serum and skin showed comparable all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and retinol (ROL) concentrations from AD and healthy serum, but strongly reduced ATRA and ROL concentrations in affected and non-affected skin in comparison with healthy skin. Our data indicate that retinoid transport, synthesis, concentrations and signalling are strongly decreased in the affected but also in non-affected skin of patients with AD suggesting a general intrinsic influence on skin retinoid signalling pathway in patients with AD.
Persulfates as repulping reagents for neutral/alkaline wet-strength broke (1993)

Alkali metal persulfates (M 2 S 2 O 8 ) were found to repulp neutral/alkaline wet-strength broke. Persulfates effectively defibered paper made with polyamide-epichlorhydrin resins, though slower than hypochlorite. Gas chromatography showed a lower content of organic chlorides in persulfate repulping liquors. Recycled handsheets from persulfate- and hypochlorite- repulped broke had about equal dry strength. In wet-strength grades made from recycled pulp without washing, residual persulfate interfered less with wet-strength resin effectiveness than did residual hypochlorite.
On the design of a self-reconfigurable SoPC cryptographic engine (2004)

We present a SoPC (system-on-a-programmable-chip) embedded system featuring self-reconfigurable capability. It addresses the factors that limit the system performance when FPGAs are used to implement various encryption algorithms dynamically. The limiting factors are the data transfer rate between the host and the FPGA, and the reconfiguration latency. The results generated by the cryptographic engine reported show that in order to attain optimal performance, it is crucial to floor-plan the reconfigurable part of the FPGA.
COOL-2: an object oriented support platform built above the Chorus micro-kernel (2002)

The Chorus Object Oriented Layer (COOL) is a layer built above the Chorus micro-kernel designed to extend the micro-kernel abstractions with support for object oriented systems. COOL-02, the second iteration of this layer provides generic support for clusters objects, in a distributed virtual memory model. The authors discuss experiences with COOL-1 that have had to their current model and in particular, with their decision to build a two layer system where the lowest layer supports only clusters and the upper layers supports objects. They describe a number of problems that they are addressing with this new design and present the current status.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aortic root dilatation in young men with normally functioning bicuspid aortic valves (1999)

Aortic root enlargement in people with a bicuspid aortic valve occurs independently of haemodynamic abnormalities, age, and body size. However, there appear to be different subgroups of young adults with bicuspid aortic valves, one of which is characterised by aortic dilatation, possibly caused by a congenital abnormality of the aortic wall.
Insensitive Current-mode Notch Filter Implemented from Translinear Conveyors (1993)

A filter-core operating in current mode and implemented from four passive components in conjunction with two current conveyors is described. It involves four second-order transfer functions which include a lowpass and a bandpass. A band reject is then obtained by adding two current followers to combine the output currents. Simulated results which confirm the theoretical analysis are discussed. The conveyors are implemented in a translinear form
Arguments for an information-centric internetworking architecture (2010)

The current Internet architecture focuses on communicating entities, largely leaving aside the information to be exchanged among them. However, trends in communication scenarios show that WHAT is being exchanged becoming more important than WHO are exchanging information. Van Jacobson describes this as moving from interconnecting machines to interconnecting information. Any change of this part of the Internet needs argumentation as to why it should be undertaken in the first place. In this position paper, we identify four key challenges, namely information-centrism of applications, supporting and exposing tussles, increasing accountability, and addressing attention scarcity, that we believe an information-centric internetworking architecture could address better and would make changing such crucial part worthwhile. We recognize, however, that a much larger and more systematic debate for such change is needed, underlined by factual evidence on the gain for such change.
El modo de vida marítima en el Occidente de México (1999)

Le mode de vie maritime dans l'ouest du Mexique. D'une perspective archeologique, la problematique sociale et culturelle contenue dans la region du Mexique occidental (Colima, Jalisco et Nayarit) demeure encore peu connue de nos jours. Au long des trois dernieres decennies, il s'est realise peu d'etudes de sites et aucune etude de region. Les peuples cotiers du passe qui vivaient dans cette zone sont disparues en raison de l'avance des complexes touristiques et seul en conserve les etudes de sauvetage, des etudes rapides et incompletes en plusieurs endroits. En se basant sur l'interieur, nous elaborons une ebauche des quelques donnees connues en les integrant a la dynamique culturelle mesoamericaine avec le but d'offrir une vue generale du mode de vie des peuples de la zone cotiere de l'ocean Pacifique.
Polymerizable discoticnematic triphenylene derivatives and their application to an optically anisotropic film (2000)

A novel optically anisotropic film which consists of discotic liquid crystalline molecules aligned and fixed in hybrid mode was invented. The discotic liquid crystalline molecules are polymerizable discotic nematic liquid crystalline triphenylene derivatives. The film is exceedingly useful for improvement in viewing angle of TFT-TN LCD. In the TFT-TN LCD, calamitic liquid crystal molecules which have positive birefringence in refractive property are used. This anisotropy causes light leakage and results in narrow range of the viewing angle of the LCD. It is, therefore, considered that compensation for the positive birefringence by using a negative birefringent material is the essential means for achievement of the wide viewing angle. The triphenylene derivatives are chosen as one of negative birefringent materials. In our study, discotic nematic phase was the most suitable liquid crystalline phase for preparation of the optically anisotropic film. Discotic nematic phase was frequently shown by 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexa-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)triphenylene derivatives. Some modification of the alkoxy group brought disappearance of the discotic nematic phase. Introduction of an acryloyl group to the alkoxy group at the terminal position, however, did not cause the disappearance of the discotic nematic phase. 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexa-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)triphenylene molecules were able to align on an obliquely vapor deposited SiO film and organic alignment films in the monodomain discotic nematic phase. In this case, the layer of the discotic molecules contacted with the alignment film only on one side and on the other side it contacted with air. Retardation data by an ellipsometric measurement suggested that the molecules aligned in hybrid mode. In the case of the acryloyl derivatives, alignment of the molecules was able to be fixed by photopolymerization of acryloyl moieties. According to the abovementioned method, a novel optically anisotropic film was produced. If alignment of the discotic molecules can be freely controlled, a new area of optically anisotropic film will be produced. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Lyophilized Strawberries in Patients with Dysplastic Precancerous Lesions of the Esophagus (2011)

Dysplasia is a histologic precursor of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We previously showed that dietary freeze-dried, or lyophilized, strawberry powder inhibits N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced SCC in the rat esophagus. On the basis of this observation, we conducted a randomized (noncomparative) phase II trial in China to investigate the effects of two doses of freeze-dried strawberries in patients with esophageal dysplastic lesions in a high-risk area for esophageal cancer. We randomly assigned 75 patients identified by endoscopy to have dysplastic esophageal premalignant lesions to receive freeze-dried strawberry powder at either 30 g/d (37 patients) or 60 g/d (38 patients) for six months; the powder was mixed with water and drunk. After six months, we assessed the changes in histologic grade of these lesions (primary endpoint) in a blinded fashion. The dose of 30 g/d, did not significantly affect histology or any other measured parameter. The dose of 60 g/d, however, reduced the histologic grade of dysplastic premalignant lesions in 29 (80.6%) of the 36 patients at this dose who were evaluated for histology (P < 0.0001). The strawberry powder was well tolerated, with no toxic effects or serious adverse events. Strawberries (60 g/d) also reduced protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by 79.5% (P < 0.001), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by 62.9% (P < 0.001), phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)-p65 (pNFκB-p65) by 62.6% (P < 0.001), and phospho-S6 (pS6) by 73.2% (P < 0.001). Freeze-dried strawberries (60 g/d) also significantly inhibited the Ki-67 labeling index by 37.9% (P = 0.023). Our present results indicate the potential of freeze-dried strawberry powder for preventing human esophageal cancer, supporting further clinical testing of this natural agent in this setting.
ChemInform Abstract: GAS‐PHASE NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS (1977)

Abstract Mit den Anionen (II) und den Methylderivaten (I) und (IV) werden die Substitutionsreaktionen in der Gasphase durchgeführt, die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten ICR‐spektroskopisch bestimmt und die Energie des Übergangszustandes mit RRKM ‐ Berechnungen ermittelt.
Letters to the Editor (1994)

Journal Article Letters to the Editor Get access OLAF MÜLLER, OLAF MÜLLER AIDS Zentrum des BGA in Berlin Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GARGI SEN, GARGI SEN Free University of BerlinGermany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RITA MOSER RITA MOSER Rubaga HospitalKampala Uganda Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Volume 40, Issue 2, April 1994, Pages 119–120, https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/40.2.119 Published: 01 April 1994
Characterization of the surface layer glycoprotein of Clostridium symbiosum HB25 (1990)

The cell surface of Clostridium symbiosum HB25 is covered by a squarely arranged surface layer (S-layer) glycoprotein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-soluble whole-cell extract showed the presence of several high-molecular-weight protein bands in a narrow range (approximate Mr, 140,000) which, upon periodic acid-Schiff staining, gave a positive reaction. After proteolytic degradation of the purified S-layer glycoprotein, a single glycopeptide fraction was obtained by gel permeation chromatography. Hydrolysis, treatment with aqueous hydrofluoric acid, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that the glycoprotein glycan is a high-molecular-weight polymer (approximate Mr, 15,000) of tetrasaccharide repeating units with the component sugars N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), and N-acetylbacillosamine (BacNAc; 2-N-acetyl-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy glucose) linked by monophosphate diesters. The following structure is proposed: [----6)-alpha-D-ManpNAc-(1----4)-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1----3)-alpha-D-+ ++BacpNAc- (1----4)-alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1----PO3)----]n. The nuclear magnetic resonance data provided evidence for a charge interaction between the free amino group of BacNAc and the phosphate group of adjacent glycan chains. Since polycationic ferritin did not label the cell surface of intact cells, an electrostatic interaction can also be expected in vivo, leading to a charge-neutral outer surface, which is characteristic of all other S layers from members of the family Bacillaceae studied so far.
The Gauss machine: A Galois-enhanced quadratic residue number system systolic array (2002)

The Gauss machine is a SIMD systolic array architecture that takes advantage of the Galois-enhanced residue number system (GEQRNS) to form reduced-complexity arithmetic elements. The Gauss machine is targeted at front-end signal and image processing applications. A discrete prototype that achieves a peak rating of 320 million complex arithmetic operations per second while operating at 10 MHz has been constructed. A VLSI implementation of the Gauss machine's processor cell has been created. The VLSI implementation is implemented in 2.0-/spl mu/m CMOS and achieves greater than 20-MHz performance, using less than 2.0-mm/sup 2/ die area. It is shown that techniques for defect tolerance in RNS systolic arrays can result in substantial yield enhancement, thereby making larger than conventional (ULSI) systems possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enzyme-Mediated Regioselective Acylations of Sophorolipids (1999)

Enzymatic synthesis of well-defined sophorolipid analogues for evaluation of their bioactivities and as new building blocks for the preparation of glycolipid-based amphiphilic polymers is described. Lipase Novozym 435 from Candida antarctica has been shown to be an efficient catalyst for acylation of sophorolipids esters. A mixture of sophorolipids produced by Torulopsis bombicola was esterified by reaction with sodium alcoxide. The alkyl esters of sophorose lipids were subjected to Novozym 435 catalyzed acylation in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) with vinyl acrylate and vinyl acetate to diacyl derivatives. The reactions were highly regioselective, and exclusive acylation of the hydroxyl groups on C-6' and C-6' ' took place. Methyl ester in the absence of the acylating agent, or with the agent at a concentration less than equimolar, gave sophorolactone (9). Careful analysis of the spectral data revealed it to be a synthetic analogue of microbially produced macrolactone. Sophorolactone (9) differs in the site at which the sophorose ring is attached to the fatty acid. Specifically, in 9, unlike the natural sophorolipids, the fatty acid carboxyl carbon is linked to the C-6' ' hydroxyl, not to the C-4' ' hydroxyl. Subsequent acrylation of 9 catalyzed by Novozym 435 led to the formation of the C-6' monoacryl derivative linked only to the primary site.
Hydrologic variability and the onset of modern El Niño–Southern Oscillation: a 19 250‐year record from Lake Elsinore, southern California (2005)

Abstract There are very few terrestrial palaeoclimate archives spanning the Last Glacial Maximum through the Holocene from coastal southern California. Yet, knowledge of past climate dynamics is critical for assessing present and future constraints on the region's dwindling freshwater resources. We present initial results from two drill cores extracted from the present‐day edge of Lake Elsinore, southern California's largest natural lake. Using a multiproxy approach including lithologic description, mass magnetic susceptibility, LOI 550°C (total organic matter), and LOI 950°C (total carbonate), we infer first‐order, long‐term climate change over the past 19 250 calendar years. Furthermore, we suggest possible first‐order forcing mechanisms that drive this change, which include presence/absence of continental ice sheets, insolation, and complex ocean–atmosphere interactions. Our results indicate four distinct millennial‐scale climate modes over the past 19 250 calendar years. These modes include a wet Last Glacial Maximum (19 250–17 120 cal. yr BP), a relatively dry late‐Glacial/Holocene transition (17 120–9450 cal. yr BP), a wet early Holocene (9450–7670 cal. yr BP), and a highly variable mid‐to‐late Holocene climate (i.e., alternating wet/dry cycles; 7670 cal. yr BP–present). We attribute the mid‐to‐late Holocene climate interval to the onset of El Niño–Southern Oscillation ca. 7000 cal. yr BP and a more vigorous hydrologic system. These results are supported by a variety of regional terrestrial and marine palaeoclimate archives. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved Medium for Detecting Deoxyribonuclease-Producing Bacteria (1969)

Incorporation of methyl green dye into an agar medium containing deoxyribo-nucleic acid results in an improved medium for detecting deoxyribonuclease-producing bacteria. Use of the dye makes it unnecessary to use acid to demonstrate deoxyribonuclease activity, thus allowing subculture or reincubation of colonies. The improved medium is highly sensitive and can be used for primary isolation of Staphylococcus aureus or group A Streptococcus pyogenes.
REDUCING MICROBIAL POPULATIONS ON BEEF TISSUES: CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE OF LACTIC ACID (1989)

ABSTRACT Cylindrical samples of beef semitendinosus muscle were dipped in inocula of diluted (1:8) fresh bovine manure or suspensions of Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium. After air drying 15 min, samples were sanitized by dipping in lactic acid(0, 1, 2 or 3%)for 15 s at 25, 40, 55 or 70°C. The most effective treatment was dipping the lean beef muscle in 3% lactic acid solution at 70°C. In general, as the temperature of acid at each concentration was increased from 25 to 70°C, numbers of surviving test organisms were increasingly reduced. Overall, concentration was an insignificant variable at the higher temperatures but became significant as temperature was lowered. Treatment tended to affect aerobes most and E. coli least. Bacterial injury was shown to be a factor to be considered when conducting sanitizing studies.
Novel C-2 epimerization of aldoses and stereoselective uptake of one of the epimeric aldoses by nickel(II) complexes (1986)

Aldoses are rapidly epimerized at C-2 in the presence of [Ni(H2O)2(tmen)2]Cl2(tmen =N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine) and, of the two C-2 epimers, nickel(II) ions form complexes with only the mannose-type epimers (D-mannose, D-lyxose, and D- or L-rhamnose) stereoselectively.
Dichlorosilane-derived nano-silicon inside hollow carbon spheres as a high-performance anode for Li-ion batteries (2017)

A scalable synthesis for a large amount of silicon nanoparticles (<10 nm) embedded within hollow carbon spheres as a high-performance anode for Li-ion batteries.
Role of p75 Neurotrophin Receptor in the Neurotoxicity by β-amyloid Peptides and Synergistic Effect of Inflammatory Cytokines (2002)

The neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are elicited by the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides (Abeta), which damage neurons either directly by interacting with components of the cell surface to trigger cell death signaling or indirectly by activating astrocytes and microglia to produce inflammatory mediators. It has been recently proposed that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) is responsible for neuronal damage by interacting with Abeta. By using neuroblastoma cell clones lacking the expression of all neurotrophin receptors or engineered to express full-length or various truncated forms of p75(NTR), we could show that p75(NTR) is involved in the direct signaling of cell death by Abeta via the function of its death domain. This signaling leads to the activation of caspases-8 and -3, the production of reactive oxygen intermediates and the induction of an oxidative stress. We also found that the direct and indirect (inflammatory) mechanisms of neuronal damage by Abeta could act synergistically. In fact, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, cytokines produced by Abeta-activated microglia, could potentiate the neurotoxic action of Abeta mediated by p75(NTR) signaling. Together, our results indicate that neurons expressing p75(NTR), mostly if expressing also proinflammatory cytokine receptors, might be preferential targets of the cytotoxic action of Abeta in AD.
Automatic recognition of a car license plate using color image processing (2002)

An automatic recognition method of a car license plate using color image processing is presented. At first, background colors of a plate are extracted from an input car image. A neural network is used for more stable extraction. To find a plate region, a fixed ratio of horizontal and vertical length of a plate is used. To recognize characters in a plate, template matching and postprocessing techniques are used. Since the proposed method does not depend on line information of a plate it is very robust to boundary deformation. Also, this method is strong enough to deal with a car's image which has many similar regions with a plate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>