gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Locally adaptive bilateral clustering for image deblurring and sharpness enhancement (2011)

This paper presents an integrated deblurring and sharpness enhancement algorithm for restoration of images corrupted by mild blur and improvement of image details. The proposed algorithm is capable of capturing local image structure by adaptively clustering pixels geometric and radiometric features based on their local augmented variational series. By selectively utilizing the segmented features, deblurring and/or sharpening can be effectively performed without either producing noise magnification or over-sharpening artifacts. Experimental results from both simulated and real image data, which are comparable to recently published results, show that the proposed algorithm is superior over the state-of-the-arts. In addition, the proposed method is fully automated with no manual set-up and it enjoys the luxury of fast processing time. These make the proposed algorithm practically useful for image applications in consumer electronic products.
Asset Securitization and Structured Financing: Future Prospects and Challenges for Countries in Emerging Markets (2001)

"Volume 2001 (2001): Issue 147 (Sep 2001): Asset Securitization and Structured Financing: Future Prospects and Challenges for Countries in Emerging Markets" published on 01 Sep 2001 by International Monetary Fund.
Roles of lipids and proteins in the calcium(2+)-phosphate-induced aggregation of cytoskeleton-free erythrocyte vesicle membranes (1984)

The roles of lipids and proteins in Ca2+-PO4-induced membrane aggregation were investigated. Cytoskeleton-free vesicles derived from intact human and rabbit erythrocytes (HEves and REves, respectively) were employed as a model system. The HEves and REves have a simplified membrane protein composition [band 3 proteins and glycoproteins PAS-1, -2, and -3 (HEves)] and normal lipid composition. Optimal experimental conditions for pH, [PO4], and [CaCl2] were determined for quantitatively examining the dynamics and extent of HEves and REves aggregation, measured turbidimetrically. The aggregation process was found to be quite sensitive to small changes in pH and [PO4] and much less sensitive to [CaCl2]. The roles of membrane proteins in vesicle aggregation were examined by selectively modifying the proteins enzymatically. The roles of lipids were studied by using sonicated lipid vesicles [small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs)] made from Dodge ghost lipid extracts. Enzymatic treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or Pronase had no effect on either the rates or the extent of vesicle aggregation (2-min incubation period). Neuraminidase treatment reduced both factors by approximately 20%. SUVs aggregated with Ca2+-PO4 in a way which depended on the PO4/lipid ratio. Together the results suggest the following: (1) PO4 is associated with the vesicle surface, involving the membrane lipids; (2) the vesicle + PO4 incubation time component of the PO4 effect is eliminated by enzymatically modifying the vesicle membrane proteins; (3) qualitative, rather than quantitative, properties of sialic acid containing molecules affect vesicle aggregation; and (4) with the exception of the incubation time effect, membrane proteins seem neither to promote nor to inhibit Ca2+-PO4-induced HEves or REves aggregation.
In vivo microdialysis and reverse phase ion pair liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the determination and identification of acetylcholine and related compounds in rat brain (2000)

A method using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed for the determination of basal acetylcholine (ACh) in microdialysate from the striatum of freely moving rats. A microdialysis probe was surgically implanted into the striatum of the rats and Ringer's solution was used as the perfusion medium at a flow rate of 2 microL per minute. The samples were then analyzed off-line by LC/MS/MS experiments. The separation of ACh and choline (Ch) was carried out using reverse phase ion pair liquid chromatography with heptafluorobutyric acid as a volatile ion pairing reagent. Analytes were detected by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode. The detection limit for ACh was 1.4 fmol on column, which is at least three times lower than previously reported. Three quaternary ammonium compounds in the rat brain microdialysate were also identified by tandem mass spectrometry experiments in which the unknown mass spectra were compared with standard reference compounds. These compounds were identified as carnitine, acetylcarnitine and (3-carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium. This is the first known report of the compound (3-carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium being found in rat brain.
Structural changes of amphiphilic aggregates at the air-solution interfaces as studied by oriented crystallization and nonlinear optics (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural changes of amphiphilic aggregates at the air-solution interfaces as studied by oriented crystallization and nonlinear opticsI. Weissbuch, G. Berkovic, L. Leiserowitz, and M. LahavCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 15, 5874–5875Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00171a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00171a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assessing the mechanism and therapeutic potential of modulators of the human Mediator complex-associated protein kinases (2016)

Mediator-associated kinases CDK8/19 are context-dependent drivers or suppressors of tumorigenesis. Their inhibition is predicted to have pleiotropic effects, but it is unclear whether this will impact on the clinical utility of CDK8/19 inhibitors. We discovered two series of potent chemical probes with high selectivity for CDK8/19. Despite pharmacodynamic evidence for robust on-target activity, the compounds exhibited modest, though significant, efficacy against human tumor lines and patient-derived xenografts. Altered gene expression was consistent with CDK8/19 inhibition, including profiles associated with super-enhancers, immune and inflammatory responses and stem cell function. In a mouse model expressing oncogenic beta-catenin, treatment shifted cells within hyperplastic intestinal crypts from a stem cell to a transit amplifying phenotype. In two species, neither probe was tolerated at therapeutically-relevant exposures. The complex nature of the toxicity observed with two structurally-differentiated chemical series is consistent with on-target effects posing significant challenges to the clinical development of CDK8/19 inhibitors.
5‐Trideuteromethyl‐α‐tocotrienol and 5‐<sup>14</sup>CH<sub>3</sub>‐α‐tocotrienol as biological tracers of tocotrienols (2006)

Abstract The tocotrienols have attracted increased attention recently as evidence has accrued that their biological activities are significantly different from tocopherols. The biokinetics and metabolic fate of tocopherols have long been studied using deuteromethylated forms of α‐tocopherol prepared by a stannous chloride catalysed paraformaldehyde methylation of γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols. We show here that his methodology is not an efficient route to deuterated α‐tocotrienol because of low yields and extensive exchange of allylic hydrogens under the prolonged acidic conditions of the deuteromethylation. Instead, we have prepared deuteromethylated and 14 C‐radiolabelled α‐tocotrienol by aminomethylation at C‐5 of γ‐tocotrienol (available from palm oil), followed by reduction with NaCNBD 3 in refluxing iso‐butanol. The deuteromethylation procedure is amenable to multi‐gram scale reactions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lewis Acid-Promoted Intermolecular Acetal-Initiated Cationic Polyene Cyclizations (2006)

This paper describes a highly efficient intermolecular biomimetic polyene cyclization method using acetal as initiators. Both good yield and asymmetric induction were obtained.
The effect of polyimide surface morphology and chemistry on package cracking induced by interfacial delamination (1994)

The increasingly severe demands of concurrently increasing die size while reducing package size have made the mechanical stability of novel surface mount technologies a primary concern. The dominant issue is device failure due to package cracking caused by interfacial delamination between the polyimide-coated chip surface and the epoxy molding resin. To investigate the effect of polyimide surface morphology and chemistry on molding resin adhesion, devices were fabricated with different types of epoxy molding resins, polyimides, reactive ion etch (RIE) treatments, cure temperatures, cure atmospheres, and cleaning chemicals. The samples were characterized with scanning acoustic tomography (SAT), X-ray photo emission spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and various package-level reliability tests. The results of the characterizations and an explanation of the primary factors affecting interfacial adhesion are presented in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Pressure Overload on Extracellular Matrix Expression in the Heart of the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide–Null Mouse (2003)

This study tested the hypothesis that atrial natriuretic peptide has direct antihypertrophic actions on the heart by modulating expression of genes involved in cardiac hypertrophy and extracellular matrix production. Hearts of male, atrial natriuretic peptide-null and control wild-type mice that had been subjected to pressure overload after transverse aortic constriction and control unoperated hearts were weighed and subjected to microarray, Northern blot, and immunohistochemical analyses. Microarray and Northern blot analyses were used to identify genes that are regulated differentially in response to stress in the presence and absence of atrial natriuretic peptide. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to identify and localize expression of the protein products of these genes. Atrial natriuretic peptide-null mice demonstrated cardiac hypertrophy at baseline and an exaggerated hypertrophic response to transverse aortic constriction associated with increased expression of the extracellular matrix molecules periostin, osteopontin, collagen I and III, and thrombospondin, as well as the extracellular matrix regulatory proteins, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3, and the novel growth factor pleiotrophin compared with wild-type controls. These results support the hypothesis that atrial natriuretic peptide protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling by negative modulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix deposition.
Mchain: A Blockchain-Based VM Measurements Secure Storage Approach in IaaS Cloud With Enhanced Integrity and Controllability (2018)

Virtual machine (VM) measurements data in IaaS cloud play a crucial role in integrity evaluation and decision making. Hence, the secure storage for these data has attracted more attention recently. This paper proposes a novel approach, named Mchain, to enhance the integrity and controllability of the secure storage. Especially, to enhance the integrity, a two-layer blockchain network is introduced. In the first layer, after the production, the data packages are first verified by leveraging a correspondence between a package and a policy, and a one-to-one relation among a VM, a user, and a node. After that, we propose a consensus achievement algorithm to construct a semi-finished block on a candidate block arranged by data packages. Meanwhile, the semi-finished block is distributed to all nodes, which can provide a certain integrity. In the second-layer, tamper-resistant metadata is generated by performing PoW tasks on the semi-finished block, resulting in strong integrity. Further, to enhance the controllability, a revisable user-defined policy-based encryption method with KP-ABE is proposed. It helps to flexibly control the scope of authorized verifiers. The experimental results on six scenarios with simulated data set show that the proposed approach is appealing in integrity and controllability, and the time overhead of data storage.
FFT calculation of a determinantal polynomial (1976)

An algorithm to find the coefficients of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</tex> -polynomial <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D(s) = |H(s)|</tex> is obtained, where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H(s)</tex> is an arbitrary <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</tex> -polynomial square matrix. The algorithm, based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT), is of an order of magnitude faster than existing methods.
A meta-analysis of scintimammography: an evidence-based approach to its clinical utility (2006)

There is evidence that this is a robust imaging technique delivering high sensitivities and specificities in patients studied in both single-centre and multi-centre trials and, as such, can be relied on as an adjunctive method for the investigation of primary breast cancer.
Characterization of an Essential Orc2p-Associated Factor That Plays a Role in DNA Replication (1996)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Orc2 protein is a subunit of the origin recognition complex, ORC, which binds in a sequence-specific manner to yeast origins of DNA replication. With screens for orc2-1 synthetic lethal mutations and Orc2p two-hybrid interactors, a novel Orc2p-associated factor (Oaf1p) was identified. OAF1 is essential, its gene product is localized to the nucleus, and an oaf1 temperature-sensitive mutant arrests as large budded cells with a single nucleus. The mutant oaf1-2, isolated in the synthetic lethal screen, loses plasmids containing a single origin of DNA replication at a high rate, but it maintains plasmids carrying multiple potential origins of DNA replication. In addition, the OAF1 gene product tagged with the hemagglutinin antigen epitope binds to a DNA affinity column containing covalently linked tandem repeats of an essential origin element. These results suggest a role for OAFI in the initiation of DNA replication. Mutant alleles of cdc7 and cdc14 were also isolated in the orc2-1 synthetic lethal screen. Cdc7p, like Oaf1p, also interacts with Orc2p in two-hybrid assays.
Leave-one-out procedures for nonparametric error estimates (1989)

The use of nonparametric error estimates may lead to biased results if the kernel covariances are estimated from the same data as are used to form the error estimate. If additional design samples are available, one may eliminate this bias by estimating the class covariances using an independent set of data. If, however, additional samples are not available, one may resort to leave-one-out type estimates of the kernel (for Parzen estimates) or metric (for nearest-neighbor estimates) for every sample being tested. The authors present an efficient algorithm for computation of these leave-one-out type estimates that requires little additional computational burden over procedures currently in use. The presentation is applicable to both Parzen and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) type estimates. Experimental results demonstrating the efficiency of the algorithm are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The visual interactive desktop laboratory (1997)

The visual interactive desktop laboratory allows users to visualize on a workstation the results of large scale simulations performed on remote supercomputers and to interactively steer a simulation as the experiment progresses. Unlike conventional methods, the VIDL requires minimal data transfer and storage and uses a general, flexible environment rather than one specific to a subject or to certain hardware.
Neuroprotective effects of oxyresveratrol from fruit against neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (2010)

Many countries are stepping into aging society. The increasing proportion of elderly in population is in high risk of having more aging-associated diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-associated disorder, characterized by progressive dementia. Nowadays, 30 million people have suffered the disorder. However, no cure is applied in clinic except symptom-relieving strategy. Epidemiological studies have shown the reverse association between consumption of nutritional diets rich in anti-oxidants and developing neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, healthy aging should be put forward by introducing healthy life style, in which good nutrition plays a key role. Oxyresveratrol (OXY) is a natural hydroxystilbene present in mulberry fruit (fig.1), or fruits of several trees belonging to Artocarpus genus. It has been found as tyrosinase inhibitor. Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. Raymond C. C. Chang, Rm L1-49, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong. E-mail: rccchang@hkucc.hku.hk Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang et al. 156 Recently, increasing lines of evidence have demonstrated its neuroprotective effects on age-associated diseases such as AD and stroke. Apart from conventional antioxidant property and the permeability to blood-brain-barrier, we focus on reviewing the anti-inflammatory activity, cell signaling regulation property, as well as its bioavailability in vivo and in vitro. Findings enlighten that nutritional supplement, such as fruits containing OXY may retard aging or benefit healthy aging, which is helpful to reduce the risk of neurodegeneration in elderly population.
ECSTAC: a fast asynchronous microprocessor (2002)

This paper introduces some of the principal design issues encountered in the development of a prototype asynchronous microprocessor using a two-phase communication strategy. These issues include the control of the processor pipeline, register tagging, branch techniques, and the implementation of caches. The arbitration and synchronisation methods employed in the design are discussed, and expected performance figures based on block simulation results are given.
Endogenous Excitatory Drive Modulating Respiratory Muscle Activity across Sleep–Wake States (2006)

Identification of an endogenous noradrenergic drive contributing to GG activation in wakefulness and non-REM sleep, but not REM sleep, is important given the prevalence and clinical significance of sleep-induced hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnea in humans and the potential for pharmacologic treatment.
Results of 27 years of phase III trials for patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (2009)

e19021 Background: Few studies have formally assessed whether treatment outcomes for patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) enrolled in Phase III trials have improved substantially over the years. This investigation determined the trends in the outcomes for the patients in those trials. Methods: We analyzed trials that were reported between January 1991 and August 2008. Phase III randomized controlled trials were eligible if they compared first-line, systemic chemotherapy for ED-SCLC. Data were evaluated using linear regression analysis. Results: We identified 55 trials initiated between 1980 and 2006, involving 10,407 patients with 116 chemotherapy arms. The number of randomized patients and the proportions of patients with good performance status (PS) increased with the passage of time. In the 1990s, increasing numbers of studies examined cisplatin-based regimens, especially cisplatin and etoposide (PE) regimens, while decreasing numbers examined cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine-based regimens. A scattergram of the parameters ‘year of trial initiation’ and ‘median survival time’ (MST) indicated that MST increased 0.024 months (0.71 days) per year (P = 0.198). The multiple regression analysis showed no significant survival improvement over the years (regression coefficient for the year of trial initiation = 0.004, P = 0.980). In addition, the use of PE regimens did not prolong survival, whilst the proportion of good PS patients and the assignment of prophylactic cranial irradiation were significantly associated with favorable outcomes. Conclusions: The survival of patients with ED-SCLC enrolled in phase III trials has not improved significantly over the years, suggesting the need for a breakthrough, such as the discovery of novel molecular targets. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
<sup>Non-V600</sup><i>BRAF</i> Mutations Define a Clinically Distinct Molecular Subtype of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2017)

Purpose Molecular diagnostic testing has become an integral part of the evaluation of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Expanded mutational testing, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), often identifies mutations with unclear clinical or prognostic implications. One such example is BRAF mutations that occur outside of codon 600 (<sup>non-V600</sup> BRAF mutations). Methods We conducted this multicenter, retrospective cohort study to characterize the clinical, pathologic, and survival implications of <sup>non-V600</sup> BRAF mutations in metastatic CRC. We pooled patients in whom <sup>non-V600</sup> BRAF mutations were identified from NGS databases at three large molecular genetics reference laboratories. Results A total of 9,643 patients with metastatic CRC underwent NGS testing. We identified 208 patients with <sup>non-V600</sup> BRAF mutations, which occurred in 2.2% of all patients tested and accounted for 22% of all BRAF mutations identified. Cancers with <sup>non-V600</sup> BRAF mutations, compared with cancers with V600E BRAF (<sup>V600E</sup> BRAF) mutations, were found in patients who were significantly younger (58 v 68 years, respectively), fewer female patients (46% v 65%, respectively), and patients who had fewer high-grade tumors (13% v 64%, respectively) or right-sided primary tumors (36% v 81%, respectively). Median overall survival was significantly longer in patients with <sup>non-V600</sup> BRAF-mutant metastatic CRC compared with those with both <sup>V600E</sup> BRAF-mutant and wild-type BRAF metastatic CRC (60.7 v 11.4 v 43.0 months, respectively; P < .001). In multivariable analysis, <sup>non-V600</sup> BRAF mutation was independently associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.18; P < .001). Conclusion <sup>Non-V600</sup> BRAF mutations occur in approximately 2.2% of patients with metastatic CRC and define a clinically distinct subtype of CRC with an excellent prognosis.