gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapeseed protein concentrate preparation and evaluation (1979)

Abstract Rapeseed is a major oilseed crop in Canada. Many investigators have turned their attention to use of protein left in the meal after oil extraction. However, the meal contains goitrogenic substances which must be removed or inactivated before the meal can be used as a potential protein source for food and feed. A water extraction process has been developed which removes over 90% of the glycosinolates and which results in a protein concentrate having an essential amino acid balance that has been shown by nutritional evaluation to be superior to any other known oilseed protein. However, in highly stressed animals being fed rapeseed protein as the only protein source, a zinc deficiency readily manifests itself, especially with pregnant rats. The zinc deficiency syndrome is readily overcome by supplementing the diets of pregnant rats with zinc in amounts sufficient to complex the phytic acid present in the protein concentrate. This approach appears to be more practical for overcoming the adverse effects of phytates than attempting to remove them by processing treatments. This contribution demonstrates the extensive studies necessary before a protein from a source known to possess toxic and antinutritional factors can be accepted as a food ingredient.
Induction of Erythromycin Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> by Erythromycin Derivatives (1976)

The ability of 53 erythromycin analogues to induce resistance to erythromycin in Staphlococcus aureus was evaluated. Only derivatives with antibacterial activity induced resistance, although some antibacterial compounds did not induce resistance. No derivatives without antibacterial activity but with ability to induce resistance were found.
Thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethanes modified with L-ascorbic acid (2016)

In this study we report the thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethanes modified with ascorbic acid (AA). Ascorbic acid was used as a modifier at concentration of 1 or 2 mass%. The antioxidative properties of AA may improve the biocompatibility of the obtained materials, which were designed for biomedical applications. In this paper we describe characterization of obtained unmodified and ascorbic acid modified polyurethanes with the use of following methods: dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical tests including tensile strength, elongation at break, abrasive resistance, and hardness. Results of performed studies suggests that synthesized polyurethane materials may be suitable candidates for biomedical applications such as tissue scaffolds or implants, where required tensile strength is in the range of 1–14 MPa and elongation at break is approximately in the range of 100–380 %.
Terpenes as Green Solvents for Extraction of Oil from Microalgae (2012)

Herein is described a green and original alternative procedure for the extraction of oil from microalgae. Extractions were carried out using terpenes obtained from renewable feedstocks as alternative solvents instead of hazardous petroleum solvents such as n-hexane. The described method is achieved in two steps using Soxhlet extraction followed by the elimination of the solvent from the medium using Clevenger distillation in the second step. Oils extracted from microalgae were compared in terms of qualitative and quantitative determination. No significant difference was obtained between each extract, allowing us to conclude that the proposed method is green, clean and efficient.
Auralization of Impulse Responses Modeled on the Basis of Ray-Tracing Results (1993)

It is shown how the information contained in an energy histogram obtained by ray tracing can be converted into an equivalent impulse response which, after binaural processing, is ready for auralization sufficient for the auralization process. Furthermore the steps are discussed which are needed to transform this information into a binaural impulse response ready for a convolution with music signals
Stimulation of the AMP-activated Protein Kinase Leads to Activation of Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase and to Its Phosphorylation at a Novel Site, Serine 398 (2004)

Protein synthesis consumes a high proportion of the metabolic energy of mammalian cells, and most of this is used by peptide chain elongation. An important regulator of energy supply and demand in eukaryotic cells is the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The rate of peptide chain elongation can be modulated through the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF) 2, which inhibits its activity and is catalyzed by a specific calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase termed eEF2 kinase. Here we show that AMPK directly phosphorylates eEF2 kinase, and we identify the major site of phosphorylation as Ser-398 in a regulatory domain of eEF2 kinase. AMPK also phosphorylates two other sites (Ser-78 and Ser-366) in eEF2 kinase in vitro. We develop appropriate phosphospecific antisera and show that phosphorylation of Ser-398 in eEF2 kinase is enhanced in intact cells under a range of conditions that activate AMPK and increase the phosphorylation of eEF2. Ser-78 and Ser-366 do not appear to be phosphorylated by AMPK within cells. Although cardiomyocytes appear to contain a distinct isoform of eEF2 kinase, it also contains a site corresponding to Ser-398 that is phosphorylated by AMPK in vitro. Stimuli that activate AMPK and increase eEF2 phosphorylation within cells increase the activity of eEF2 kinase. Thus, AMPK and eEF2 kinase may provide a key link between cellular energy status and the inhibition of protein synthesis, a major consumer of metabolic energy.
Mapping the Segmental Microbiomes in the Human Small Bowel in Comparison with Stool: A REIMAGINE Study (2020)

The small bowel microbiome is markedly different from that in stool and also varies between segments. These findings may be important in determining how compositional changes in small intestinal microbiota contribute to human disease states.
Miniature 250 μm Thick Fuel Cell with Monolithically Fabricated Silicon Electrodes (2004)

A fabrication technique of miniature fuel cell electrodes was developed from Si wafers. The fuel channels, porous layer, and catalyst layer were formed in the Si wafer. The fuel channels were fabricated by photolithographic patterning and subsequent wet etching on the Si. The porous layer was formed by anodization of Si from the polymer electrolyte membrane side through the bottom of the fuel channels. Catalyst metals were deposited inside the porous layer by wet plating. The two electrodes were hot-pressed with a Nafion 112 sheet. Open-circuit voltage of 840 mV and maximum power density of were observed by hydrogen feed. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Tau phosphorylation pathway genes and cerebrospinal fluid tau levels in Alzheimer's disease (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence in the brain of amyloid plaques, consisting predominately of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles, consisting primarily of tau. Hyper-phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) contributes to neuronal damage, and both p-tau and total-tau (t-tau) levels are elevated in AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to cognitively normal controls. Our hypothesis was that increased ratios of CSF phosphorylated-tau levels relative to total-tau levels correlate with regulatory region genetic variation of kinase or phosphatase genes biologically associated with the phosphorylation status of tau. Eighteen SNPs located within 5' and 3' regions of 5 kinase and 4 phosphatase genes, as well as two SNPs within regulatory regions of the MAPT gene were chosen for this analysis. The study sample consisted of 101 AD patients and 169 cognitively normal controls. Rs7768046 in the FYN kinase gene and rs913275 in the PPP2R4 phosphatase gene were both associated with CSF p-tau and t-tau levels in AD. These SNPs were also differentially associated with either CSF t-tau (rs7768046) or CSF p-tau (rs913275) relative to t-tau levels in AD compared to controls. These results suggest that rs7768046 and rs913275 both influence CSF tau levels in an AD-associated manner.
Design and implementation of general performance model (2008)

Based on the knowledge of performance management process,a general performance model is established from a practical and systematical way.To implement this model,the concept of index and principles of business rule approach are used.Performance management systems are much easier to design under this model,and as a result,the operation and execution of performance management which plays a quite important role in business management are enhanced.
Kinetics of atrazine biodegradation by suspended and immobilized mixed microbial cells cultivated in continuous systems (2009)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Using a suspended or immobilized microbial community obtained through chemostat selection from agricultural soils formerly treated with triazinic herbicides, the atrazine biodegradation kinetics in continuous aerobic reaction systems was studied. RESULTS: When microbial cells were continuously cultivated on atrazine as the sole nitrogen and carbon source, atrazine removal efficiencies η ATZ near to 100% were reached, although accumulation of metabolic byproducts was detected. The fluidized‐bed biofilm reactor allowed atrazine removal rates R V , ATZ higher than that permitted by suspended cell cultures with similar removal efficiencies. In this system, the highest volumetric removal rate was obtained ( R V , ATZ = 12.2 mg L −1 h −1 ), with herbicide removal efficiencies η ATZ near 100% and reduced accumulation of byproducts. CONCLUSIONS: With the operational conditions probed in continuous suspended‐cell culture, increasing the C:N ratio in the inflowing medium resulted in higher cell growth yields but not in better atrazine removal rates. Kinetic results showed that for similar working conditions higher R V , ATZ values and reduced amounts of degradation byproducts of recalcitrant organic compounds could be expected with multi‐stage biofilm reactors. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Orthopaedic tissue engineering: from laboratory to the clinic (2004)

Tissue engineering involves the use of cells (either adult, mesenchymal or embryonic stem cells) coupled with biological or artificial matrices or scaffolds which guide the cells during repair or regeneration of the tissue. Recently discovered and isolated growth factors can promote either adult or stem-cell growth and differentiation along selected pathways to re-form and repair skeletal tissues in adults. Bone repair enhancement and replacement is now possible with the use of tissue-engineering technologies. It is now possible to repair articular cartilage using the patient's own articular chondrocytes retrieved during arthroscopy, and expanded in vitro. Clinical results of this technique are very satisfactory.
A high-speed dynamically reconfigurable 32-bit CMOS adder (2003)

A high-speed, compact three-way dynamically reconfigurable 32-bit CMOS adder is reported. The design of this adder uses an enhanced organization for 32-bit carry lookahead and uses an area-speed efficient dynamic circuit technique, called multiple-output domino logic. The reconfigurability is achieved without significant overhead on the basis of these combined techniques. The 248*1454- mu m/sup 2/ adder, fabricated in a standard 0.9- mu m two-level metal CMOS technology, has demonstrated 32-bit addition times of 8.0 ns at 25 degrees C with V/sub DD/=5.0 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A soft-switched bi-directional isolated AC/DC converter for AC-fed railway propulsion applications (2002)

A novel isolated AC/DC converter topology incorporates a voltage source converter (VSC) with capacitive snubbers and a cycloconverter, connected by a medium frequency transformer. The concept offers the possibility of bilateral power flow as well as three-level pulse width modulation on the ac side. It is shown that by alternately commutating the VSC and the cycloconverter it is possible to achieve either zero-voltage or zero-current switching conditions for all of the semiconductor elements. At low load the ac load current becomes insufficient for recharging the snubber capacitors of the VSC and the commutations may therefore become too slow. However, a quasi-resonant commutation mode for the voltage source converter is proposed that allows for sufficiently fast commutations down to zero load.
Polymer based Actuator for Nozzle-Diffuser Pumps in Plastic Microfluidic Systems (2002)

Plastic casting is an inexpensive technique for fabrication of disposable microfluidic systems for various biochemical applications. Pumps are critical for these systems and have a wide variety of applications including transport, mixing, cooling and creating pressure differences. In this paper we discuss the fabrication of a valve-less nozzle-diffuser pump integrated within a plastic microfluidic system. The pump uses thermal actuation, making use of the large volumetric expansion of a wax patch when it transitions from a solid to liquid phase. Testing of fabricated devices show maximum flow rates of 70 nl/min and generation of pressure heads of up to 1400 Pa.
Analysis of the Monomeric IgA to Polymeric IgA Ratio in Specific IgA Antibodies for Chlamydia trachomatis (1991)

Antibody titers of monomeric and polymeric types of serum specific IgA for Chlamydia trachomatis were measured by indirect immunoperoxidase assay (Savyon kit) in male and female cases with various chlamydial urogenital infections. From these results, the ratio of monomeric to polymeric IgA (m/p ratio) was determined. All cases were positive for specific IgA and IgG antibodies for C. trachomatis, and the antigen was also detected in all of cases except for those with prostatitis. 1. Study in males: The m/p ratio (mean +/- S.E.) was 2.6 +/- 1.0 in acute chlamydial urethritis and 8.0 +/- 2.2 in chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. The result indicated monomeric IgA-predominance in the chronic stage. 2. Study in females: The m/p ratio was 5.0 +/- 1.9 in subacute chlamydial cervicitis, while it was 8.5 +/- 2.9 in pregnant women considered to have chronic chlamydial infection. The rate was 31.5 +/- 16.8 in prostitutes considered to have repeated chlamydial infections. The result suggested that monomeric IgA was predominant in patients with chronic and repeated infections. 3. As for sequential changes of IgA antibody titer, polymeric IgA alone decreased after treatment of acute chlamydial urethritis. However monomeric IgA decreased in chronic infection such as prostatitis, and a similar change was shown in IgG antibody. 4. These results suggest that polymeric IgA is predominant in the acute stage of chlamydial infections, while monomeric IgA predominates in the chronic stage.
Telepathology and the networking of pathology diagnostic services. (1987)

Telepathology is the practice of pathology over a long distance. Components of a telepathology system include the following: a remote-controlled light microscope attached to a high-resolution video camera; a pathologist workstation incorporating controls for manipulating the microscope and a high-resolution video monitor; and a telecommunications linkage. An immediate challenge is to establish the specifications for a telepathology system. Breast tissue has served as a model. Receiver operator characteristic curve studies show that the pathologist's ability to discriminate benign from malignant breast tumors is similar using either a conventional light microscope or a video monitor with approximately 1000 lines of resolution. The percentage of cases for which pathologists render an "equivocal" diagnosis is the same for the two modalities. Telepathology may be an effective way to provide on-line consultations in difficult cases and to provide hospitals in remote areas with immediate access to anatomic pathology services.
Coarse-to-Fine Natural Language Processing - eScholarship (2009)

State-of-the-art natural language processing models are anything but compact. Syntactic parsers have huge grammars, machine translation systems have huge transfer tables, and so on across a range of tasks. With such complexity come two challenges. First, how can we learn highly complex models? Second, how can we efficiently infer optimal structures within them?Hierarchical coarse-to-fine methods address both questions. Coarse-to-fine approaches exploit a sequence of models which introduce complexity gradually. At the top of the sequence is a trivial model in which learning and inference are both cheap. Each subsequent model refines the previous one, until a final, full-complexity model is reached. Because each refinement introduces only limited complexity, both learning and inference can be done in an incremental fashion. In this dissertation, we describe several coarse-to-fine systems.In the domain of syntactic parsing, complexity is in the grammar. We present a latent variable approach which begins with an X-bar grammar and learns to iteratively refine grammar categories. For example, noun phrases might be split into subcategories for subjects and objects, singular and plural, and so on. This splitting process admits an efficient incremental inference scheme which reduces parsing times by orders of magnitude. Furthermore, it produces the best parsing accuracies across an array of languages, in a fully language-general fashion.In the domain of acoustic modeling for speech recognition, complexity is needed to model the rich phonetic properties of natural languages. Starting from a mono-phone model, we learn increasingly refined models that capture phone internal structures, as well as context-dependent variations in an automatic way. Our approaches reduces error rates compared to other baseline approaches, while streamlining the learning procedure.In the domain of machine translation, complexity arises because there and too many target language word types. To manage this complexity, we translate into target language clusterings of increasing vocabulary size. This approach gives dramatic speed-ups while additionally increasing final translation quality.
Slow Degradation of Aggregates of the Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid β-Protein by Microglial Cells (1997)

Microglia are immune system cells associated with senile plaques containing beta-amyloid (Abeta) in Alzheimer's disease. Although microglia are an integral part of senile plaques, their role in the development of Alzheimer's disease is not known. Because microglia are phagocytic cells, it has been suggested that microglia may function as plaque-attacking scavenger cells. Microglia bind and internalize microaggregates of Abeta that resemble those present in dense Alzheimer's disease plaques. In this study, we compared the degradation by microglia of Abeta microaggregates with the degradation of two other proteins, acetylated low density lipoprotein and alpha2-macroglobulin. We found that the majority of the internalized Abeta in microaggregates was undegraded 72 h after uptake, whereas 70-80% of internalized acetylated low density lipoprotein or alpha2-macroglobulin was degraded and released from cells in trichloroacetic acid-soluble form after 4 h. In the continued presence of fluorescent Abeta microaggregates for 4 days, microglia took up huge amounts of Abeta and became engorged with undigested material. These data suggest that microglia can slowly degrade limited amounts of Abeta plaque material, but the degradation mechanisms can be overwhelmed by larger amounts of Abeta.
Measuring Human–Bot Interactions (2020)

As communication technologies evolve, a medium for human interactions also transforms into more rapid and information‐heavy exchanges. To meet the cognitive load, humans rely on software to filter the vast content and automatize online interactions. Most software‐assisted activities are beneficial for human–machine interactions; however, certain bad actors use automation to gain power and increase profit by deceiving others and gaming the systems. Especially in social networks, the prevalence of social bots has increased, and their impact has been observed in various scenarios. Research on detecting those automated agents using machine learning and network analysis has been developed, and researchers have been studying the interaction of humans and social bots online. The recent development of social bot detection methodologies and policy discussions for regulating online automation will lead to healthier online ecosystems.
Narraciones de lo sensible: una breve historia de sensibilidades sobre la locura (Siglo XX – Brasil). (2010)

This article presents and argues, briefly, the legitimacy in the search of sensitivities of a past time in madness´ narratives. The mad himself tells us his history, he expresses his sensitivity about his sickness, about the environment that involves him and excludes him and about the world in where he lives.
Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors: Master Regulators of Metastasis (2010)

Hypoxia is a common condition found in a wide range of solid tumors and is often associated with poor prognosis. Hypoxia increases tumor glycolysis, angiogenesis, and other survival responses, as well as invasion and metastasis by activating relevant gene expressions through hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). HIF-1α and HIF-2α undergo oxygen-dependent regulation, and their overexpression is frequently associated with metastasis and poor clinical outcomes. Recent studies show that each step of the metastasis process, from the initial epithelial-mesenchymal transition to the ultimate organotropic colonization, can potentially be regulated by hypoxia, suggesting a master regulator role of hypoxia and HIFs in metastasis. Furthermore, modulation of cancer stem cell self-renewal by HIFs may also contribute to the hypoxia-regulated metastasis program. The hypoxia-induced metastatic phenotype may be one of the reasons for the modest efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies and may well explain the recent provocative findings that antiangiogenic therapy increased metastasis in preclinical models. Multiple approaches to targeting hypoxia and HIFs, including HIF inhibitors, hypoxia-activated bioreductive prodrugs, and gene therapies may become effective treatments to prevent or reduce metastasis.
Consensus and variations in cell line specificity among human metapneumovirus strains (2019)

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been a notable etiological agent of acute respiratory infection in humans, but it was not discovered until 2001, because HMPV replicates only in a limited number of cell lines and the cytopathic effect (CPE) is often mild. To promote the study of HMPV, several groups have generated green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing recombinant HMPV strains (HMPVGFP). However, the growing evidence has complicated the understanding of cell line specificity of HMPV, because it seems to vary notably among HMPV strains. In addition, unique A2b clade HMPV strains with a 180-nucleotide duplication in the G gene (HMPV A2b180nt-dup strains) have recently been detected. In this study, we re-evaluated and compared the cell line specificity of clinical isolates of HMPV strains, including the novel HMPV A2b180nt-dup strains, and six recombinant HMPVGFP strains, including the newly generated recombinant HMPV A2b180nt-dup strain, MG0256-EGFP. Our data demonstrate that VeroE6 and LLC-MK2 cells generally showed the highest infectivity with any clinical isolates and recombinant HMPVGFP strains. Other human-derived cell lines (BEAS-2B, A549, HEK293, MNT-1, and HeLa cells) showed certain levels of infectivity with HMPV, but these were significantly lower than those of VeroE6 and LLC-MK2 cells. Also, the infectivity in these suboptimal cell lines varied greatly among HMPV strains. The variations were not directly related to HMPV genotypes, cell lines used for isolation and propagation, specific genome mutations, or nucleotide duplications in the G gene. Thus, these variations in suboptimal cell lines are likely intrinsic to particular HMPV strains.