gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 0.8–2 GHz Fully-Integrated QPLL-Timed Direct-RF-Sampling Bandpass $\Sigma \Delta$ ADC in 0.13 $\mu$m CMOS (2012)

A reconfigurable bandpass continuous-time ΣΔ RF ADC tunable over the 0.8-2 GHz frequency range is presented. System- and circuit-level innovations provide low power consumption and reduced circuit complexity. The proposed architecture operates in both the first- and second-Nyquist zones to enable a wide tuning range from a fixed sampling frequency of 3.2 GHz. A fully-integrated on-chip quadrature phase-locked loop (QPLL) allows quadrature phase synchronization between a raised-cosine DAC and a quantizer. Implemented in 0.13 μm CMOS the fully-integrated prototype achieves SNDR values of 50 dB, 46 dB, and 40 dB over a 1 MHz bandwidth at 796.5 MHz, 1.001 GHz and 1.924 GHz carrier frequencies, respectively, with a total power consumption of 41 mW. The measured phase noise of the QPLL is -113 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 MHz and the reference spur is - 74.5 dBc. The RMS period jitter is 1.38 ps at 3.2 GHz.
The Effects of Daylight and Tungsten Light-Adaptation on Color Perception*,† (1950)

A description is given of an apparatus which has been used to investigate how the color sensation corresponding to a given stimulus changes as the state of adaptation of the eye is altered.A limited series of results obtained with the apparatus reveals some very striking changes in color sensation as the adaptation is varied. Most colors appear much more saturated to the light-adapted eye than to the dark-adapted eye, and changes of hue also occur. The light-adapting radiations used were the I.C.I. standard illuminants, A and B, and their effects exhibited large differences.A few adaptation and recovery curves plotted against time are given, and indicate that photo-chemical rather than electrical processes are controlling the adaptation effects.The saturation effect is used to deduce a picture of retinal processes in the light- and dark-adapted states, and this is summarized in Table I and Fig. 11.A practical demonstration of the increase in saturation on light-adaptation can be seen in Fig. 12.
Lignin-filled polyolefins (1999)

Dry lignin powder was used as a filler in low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP) up to 30% w/w. The tensile strength reduced for all polymers. Impact properties were almost unaffected for PP but reduced for the other two polymers, Use of five parts of ethylene acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) and 0.5 parts of titanate coupling agent improved mechanical properties considerably. The melt viscosity increased steadily with increasing amounts of lignin. Electrical properties showed improved electrical resistance. The color of the resulting compound could be evaluated only up to a 10% lignin level, beyond which the compounds became very dark. At lower concentrations, samples of HDPE showed a more reddish tinge, while at higher concentrations, all samples showed a green–blue tinge. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1321–1326, 1999
Interaction between β‐amyloid and lens αB‐crystallin (2000)

In Alzheimer's disease, beta-amyloid peptides (betaA(1-40) and betaA(1-42)) are deposited on the brain cell surfaces as neurotoxic plaques. Some reports indicate that small heat shock proteins, Hsp27 and alphaB-crystallin, colocalize in the plaques, but their functions are not known. Interaction between betaA and alphaB-crystallin must be determined in order to understand the role of alphaB-crystallin in betaA fibril formation. We used a pyrene (Pyr)-labeled betaA(1-40) in a fluorescence energy transfer experiment. Upon incubation together at 37 degrees C, energy transfer between Trp of alphaB-crystallin and Pyr of Pyr-labeled betaA was observed, indicating that betaA participated in subunit exchange of alphaB-crystallin, which promoted fibril formation.
Characterization of supramolecular polymers (2012)

Supramolecular polymers are made of monomers that are held together by noncovalent interactions. This is the reason for the wide range of novel properties, such as reversibility and responses to stimuli, exhibited by supramolecular polymers. A range of supramolecular polymerization methods have been developed leading to a number of novel supramolecular materials. However, standard techniques for the characterization of supramolecular polymers have yet to be established. The dynamic nature of supramolecular polymers makes them difficult to be fully characterized using conventional polymer techniques. This tutorial review summarizes various methods for characterizing supramolecular polymers, including theoretical estimation, size exclusion chromatography, viscometry, light scattering, vapor pressure osmometry, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy-based single molecule force spectroscopy. Each of these methods has its own particular advantages and disadvantages. Most of the methods are used to characterize the supramolecular polymer chain itself. However, some of the methods can be used to study the self-assembled state formed by supramolecular polymers. The characterization of a supramolecular polymer cannot be realized with a single method; a convincing conclusion relies on the combination of several different techniques.
Comparision of FieldBus Systems CAN, TTCAN, FlexRay and LIN in Passenger Vehicles (2009)

The controller area network (CAN) architecture was developed for use in automobiles in the 1980's. It corresponds to the physical and datalink layers of the OSI network protocol stack. Manufacturers currently leverage and build upon this architecture to enable on-vehicle sensors, actuators and other commercial electronics to interoperate: communicate between different components, exchange data, and resolve operational dependencies. This paper examines the inner details of CAN and its three competitive networks, namely, TTCAN, FlexRay and LIN.
Optimizing distributed training deployment in heterogeneous GPU clusters (2020)

This paper proposes HeteroG, an automatic module to accelerate deep neural network training in heterogeneous GPU clusters. To train a deep learning model with large amounts of data, distributed training using data or model parallelism has been widely adopted, mostly over homogeneous devices (GPUs, network bandwidth). Heterogeneous training environments may often exist in shared clusters with GPUs of different models purchased in different batches and network connections of different bandwidth availability (e.g., due to contention). Classic data parallelism does not work well in a heterogeneous cluster, while model-parallel training is hard to plan. HeteroG enables highly-efficient distributed training over heterogeneous devices, by automatically converting a single-GPU training model to a distributed one according to the deep learning graph and available resources. HeteroG embraces operation-level hybrid parallelism, communication architecture selection and execution scheduling, based on a carefully designed strategy framework exploiting both GNN-based learning and combinatorial optimization. We compare HeteroG with existing parallelism schemes and show that it achieves up-to 222% training speed-up. HeteroG also enables efficient training of large models over a set of heterogeneous devices where simple parallelism is infeasible.
Development of an instantaneous real power tracking control scheme for a single-phase grid-tied photovoltaic inverter with minimum DC-Link capacitance (2012)

In this paper, an instantaneous maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is first adopted to achieve fast tracking response for the photovoltaic (PV) power generation system. Then an instantaneous real power tracking control is proposed to overcome the dilemma of the inherent double line frequency ripple without adding an additional circuit so that one can replace the large electrolytic capacitor with small bipolar film-type capacitors to achieve longer lifetime of the single-phase grid-tied inverter. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the PV system is derived and the minimum capacitance for a specified allowable DC-link capacitor voltage swing is obtained. Finally, simulation results are given for verifying the feasibility of the proposed control strategy.
Machine Learning for Alloy Composition and Process Optimization (2018)

The drive for greater efficiency in turbomachinery has led to increasingly stringent specifications for the materials used. Current methods for optimizing alloy composition and processing to meet these requirements typically rely on a combination of expert judgment and trial and error. Machine learning offers an alternative approach that leverages data resources to significantly accelerate the optimization timeline through systematic data-informed decision making. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of machine learning methods for three different alloys classes: aluminum alloys, nickel-based superalloys, and shape memory alloys. In the first two alloy classes, models are built for the alloy mechanical properties based on the composition and processing information. In the case of shape memory alloys, a model is trained to predict the austenite to marten-site transformation temperatures. In addition to achieving high baseline performance, we leverage recent methodological developments to provide well-calibrated, heteroscedastic uncertainty estimates with each prediction. By wrapping these models in an inverse design routine that takes full advantage of uncertainty information, we are able to demonstrate the feasibility of designing new alloys to meet prescribed specifications. The results indicate that this approach has the potential to fundamentally change how new structural and functional alloys are developed.
Bacterial toxins : methods and protocols (2000)

The interest of investigators across a broad spectrum of scientific dis- plines has been steadily stimulated by the field of bacterial toxin research, an area that makes use of a large variety of biological, chemical, physicochemical, and medically oriented approaches. Researchers studying bacterial toxins need to be acquainted with all these disciplines in order to work effectively in the field. To date, there has been no published collection offering detailed descr- tions of the techniques and methods needed by researchers operating across the field’sdiverse areas. The present volume Bacterial Toxins: Methods and Pro- cols, is intended to fill this gap. Bacterial Toxins: Methods and Protocols consists of two sections: one on protein toxins (15 chapters) and one on endotoxins (5 chapters). Each s- tion is introduced by an overview article (Chapters 1 and 16). The protocols collected represent state-of-the-art techniques that each have high impact on future bacterial toxin research. All methods are described by authors who have regularly been using the protocol in their own laboratories. Included in each chapter is a brief introduction to the method being described
Effect of lipopolysaccharide structure on reactivity of antiporin monoclonal antibodies with the bacterial cell surface (1988)

We studied the reactivity of 66 anti-Escherichia coli B/r porin monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with several E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium strains. Western immunoblots showed complete immunological cross-reactivity between E. coli B/r and K-12; among 34 MAbs which recognized porin in immunoblots of denatured outer membranes of E. coli B/r, all reacted with OmpF in denatured outer membranes of E. coli K-12. Extensive reactivity, although less than that for strain B/r (31 of 34 MAbs), occurred for porin from a wild-type isolate, E. coli O8:K27. Only one of the MAbs reacted with porin in denatured outer membranes of S. typhimurium. Even with immunochemical amplification of the Western immunoblot technique, only six MAbs recognized S. typhimurium porin (OmpD), demonstrating that there is significant immunological divergence between the porins of these species. Antibody binding to the bacterial surface, which was analyzed by cytofluorimetry, was strongly influenced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure. An intact O antigen, as in E. coli O8:K27, blocked adsorption of all 20 MAbs in the test panel. rfa+ E. coli K-12, without an O antigen but with an intact LPS core, bound seven MAbs. When assayed against a series of rfa E. coli K-12 mutants, the number of MAbs that recognized porin surface epitopes increased sequentially as the LPS core became shorter. A total of 17 MAbs bound porin in a deep rough rfaD strain. Similar results were obtained with S. typhimurium. None of the anti-E. coli B/r porin MAbs adsorbed to a smooth strain, but three antibodies recognized porin on deep rough (rfaF, rfaE) mutants. These data define six distinct porin surface epitopes that are shielded by LPS from reaction with antibodies.
Optimization of Spectrally Coded Mask for Multi-modal Plenoptic Camera (2011)

We introduce a framework to optimize the layout of a spectral filter mask inserted into the aperture of a plenoptic camera. The optimization merit function evaluates spectral crosstalk at the sensor caused by lens aberrations.
Decentralized priority control in data communication (1974)

This paper describes a new principle for the control of data transmission within real time parallel systems.Control is effected by a number of identical units which are uniformly distributed among sender-receivers.When senders desire a transmission channel, their units try to capture the channel.The unit having the highest priority captures the channel.We describe a procedure for assigning and changing unit priorities under the constraint that customer service indices remain above given levels.The suggested procedure can be used to assign priorities in real time systems.indices.Such indices describe the level of customer service.Their values should not exceed the limits specified by the conditions under which customers operate.Examples of service indices are: average time between arrival and fulfillment of customer requirements for service, average number of customer requirements awaiting service more than a fixed limit.Such problems are important in real time computer systems.Their solution can have a strong influence on the structure of those hardware and software components which interact among the subsystems.
Methanol/gasoline blends as a motor fuel: Part 2 - engine tests (1979)

This part of a report on investigations into the possible use of methanol-gasoline as a motor fuel in New Zealand (a joint study between D.S.I.R. and the University of Canterbury, financed by the N.Z.E.R.D.C.) deals with the stationary engine tests using a single-cylinder Ricardo test engine on blends of 0 - 30% methanol with New Zealand premium gasoline. For compression ratios between 8 to 1 and 9 to 1, the tests indicate that at the 10 to 20% level of addition of methanol the blends perform as well as a premium motor gasoline in terms of power, fuel economy and efficiency. At higher concentrations of methanol the tests indicate that the blends may be too lean to burn efficiently in many automobile engines unless modifications were made to the carburettor. Exhaust temperature measurements indicated that the operating temperature of the engine is mainly a function of the relative leanness of the operation with a maximum temperature occurring at an equivalence ratio of about 1.1. Since the addition of methanol will make the operation leaner, cars tuned lean already should have lower operating temperatures and hence lower emmissions of nitrogen oxides, (a product of high temperature combustion). However cars tuned rich could show the reverse trends. In all cases the use of methanol/gasoline blends should reduce significantly the emissions of carbon monoxide by the leaner operation of the blends. Finally, the tests show that as a result of the high octane rating of methanol it may be possible to reduce significantly the lead compounds added to New Zealand gasolines.
SOLVE and RESOLVE: automated structure solution, density modification and model building (2003)

The software SOLVE and RESOLVE can carry out all the steps in macromolecular structure solution, from scaling and heavy-atom location through phasing, density modification and model-building in the MAD, SAD and MIR cases. SOLVE uses scoring scheme to convert the decision-making in macromolecular structure solution to an optimization problem. RESOLVE carries out the identification of NCS, density modification and automated model-building. The procedure is fully automated and can function at resolutions as low as 3 A.
Toward optimizing cauchy matrix for cauchy reed-solomon code (2009)

The computational costs of Cauchy Reed-Solomon (CRS) encoding operation make a great impact on the performance of its practical applications. The letter concentrates on how to construct a good Cauchy matrix which can lead to an efficient CRS coding scheme. We first formally model the problem by using a binary quadratic programming, then present an approximate method called localized greedy algorithm (LGA) to solve it. Compared with existing work, LGA requires much lower complexities to obtain the same performance of Cauchy matrices.
High Resolution Shadow Mask Patterning In Deep Holes And Its Application To An Electrical Wafer Feed-through (2005)

This paper presents a technique to pattern materials in deep holes and/or on non-planar substrate surfaces. A rather old technique, E-beam evaporation of metals through a shadow mask, is used [1]. The realisation of high resolution shadow masks using micromachining techniques is described. Further, a low ohmic electrical wafer feed through with a small parasitic capacitance to the substrate and a high placing density is presented.
Synthesis and Degradation of Poly(ethyl glyoxylate) (2009)

Poly(ethyl glyoxylate) (PEtG) is a new biodegradable polyacetal obtained by anionic polymerization of ethyl glyoxylate (EtG). End-capping PEtG with an adequate agent, as phenyl isocyanate, is necessary because of its low ceiling temperature. Degradation of PEtG was evaluated by in vitro hydrolysis using various techniques such as potentiometry, weight loss, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Whatever the pH of the medium, the degradation mechanism involved ester hydrolysis and chain scissions leading to ethanol and glyoxylic acid hydrate (GAH) release. Glyoxylic acid is a Krebs metabolite that confers a potential biodegradable character to PEtG.
Parsing with suffix and prefix dictionaries (2002)

We show that greedy left-to-right (right-to-left) parsing is optimal w.r.t. a suffix (prefix) dictionary. To exploit this observation, we show how to construct a static suffix dictionary that supports on-line, linear-time optimal parsing. From this we derive an adaptive on-line method that yields compression comparing favorably to LZW.
Mechanism and significance of increased glutathione level in human hepatocellular carcinoma and liver regeneration (2000)

Increased glutathione (GSH) level occurs early during liver regeneration and in many drug and/or radiation-resistant tumors. Whether GSH level is elevated in liver cancer is unknown. GSH levels and expression of GSH synthetic enzymes were measured in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and normal liver. GSH levels doubled in HCC. The mRNA levels of g-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (GCS-HS) and GSH synthetase (GS) doubled, whereas the expression of GCS light subunit was unchanged. Nuclear run-on assay showed that the rate of gene transcription doubled for both GCS-HS and GS. In HCC, there is increased binding to anti-oxidant response, AP-1 and NF-kB, three cis-acting elements in the 5'-flanking region of the human GCS-HS important for its transcriptional regulation. The role of GSH in cell growth was examined by using HepG2 cells. Cell GSH level was varied by treating cells with cystine (0 to 0.2 mM) with or without GSH ester or buthionine sulfoximine. Cell GSH level correlated directly with growth rate. Finally, preventing the increase in GSH after two-thirds partial hepatectomy blunted liver regeneration. Thus, GSH level is increased during liver growth as a result of up-regulation of GCS-HS and GS. This increase, in turn, facilitates growth.
Conjugated Antisense Oligonucleotides (1997)

Abstract We have employed chemical modification strategies to improve cellular ahsorption of oligonucleotides. These include the conjugation of various pendant moieties to the oligonucleotide to affect its overall physical properties such as hydrophobicity, charge, and amphipathicity as well as pendants that may mediate absorption by binding to certain cellular receptors which internalize specific ligands. Our laboratory has prepared polyamines, polyethylene glycols and lipidic constituents conjugated to oligonucleotidcs in order to study their effects in enhancing absorption of antisense agents. These conjugates were targeted against human or murine Intercellular Adhesion Molecule- 1 (ICAM-1) mRNA.
An Evaluation of the Susceptibility of Goats to Larkspur Toxicosis (2020)

Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are a major cause of cattle losses in western North America, whereas sheep have been shown to be resistant to larkspur toxicosis. Goats are often used as a small ruminant model to study poisonous plants, even though they can be more resistant to some poisonous plants. It is not known how susceptible goats are to the adverse effects of larkspurs. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of goats to larkspur toxicosis by performing a dose-response study. We dosed goats with D. barbeyi collected near Cedar City, Utah at 3.3, 4.4, 6.6, 8.8 and 10.0 g plant material per kg body weight. None of the goats, at any of the doses, exhibited clinical signs typical of larkspur poisoning, including no observable muscle weakness. We conclude that goats are resistant to larkspur toxicosis, and thus it is very unlikely that goats would be poisoned by larkspur.
A Review of Degradation Behavior and Modeling of Capacitors (2018)

This paper firstly reviews the failure causes, modes and mechanisms of two major types of capacitors used in power electronic systems — metallized film capacitors and electrolytic capacitors. The degradation modeling related to these capacitors is then presented. Both physics-of-failure and data-driven degradation models for reliability and lifetime estimation are discussed. Based on the exhaustive literature review on degradation modeling of capacitors, we provide a critical assessment and future research directions.
Pash 3.0: A versatile software package for read mapping and integrative analysis of genomic and epigenomic variation using massively parallel DNA sequencing (2010)

We demonstrate the versatility of Pash 3.0 by analyzing the interaction between CpG methylation, CpG SNPs, and imprinting based on publicly available whole-genome shotgun bisulfite sequencing data. Pash 3.0 makes use of gapped k-mer alignment, a non-seed based comparison method, which is implemented using multi-positional hash tables. This allows Pash 3.0 to run on diverse hardware platforms, including individual computers with standard RAM capacity, multi-core hardware architectures and large clusters.