gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Twin Screw Expressor as a Throttle Valve Replacement for Water-Cooled Chillers (2000)

An introductory report is given on a novel means of replacing the throttling process in vapour compression systems. Power is recovered from the two-phase expansion process and used directly to recompress a portion of the vapour formed during the expansion. Both the expansion and recompression processes are carried out in a twin screw machine with only one pair of rotors. These rotate, without the need for timing gear, in a process-lubricated, totally sealed unit which the authors have called an “expressor”. First test results indicate that the overall expansion-compression efficiency of the expressor is of the order of 55%. This corresponds roughly to 70 % expansion efficiency and 80 % compression efficiency. The simplicity of the expressor design, together with its promising performance give clear indications that it should be a highly cost effective component in large commercial chiller systems.
Influenza-like Infection Can Result in Diffuse Fluordeoxyglucose Uptake in the Lungs (2009)

A 32-year-old man underwent an F-18 fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scan for response assessment of mediastinal bulky non-Hodgkin lymphoma after completion of a CHOP therapy regimen. The F-18 FDG-PET/CT scan showed complete response regarding the mediastinal lesion. However, an unexpected pattern of prominent lung and abdominal muscular uptake was detected. The patient's clinical history was reassessed for differential diagnosis purposes. The medical records confirmed an episode of self-resolved influenza-like infection 4 days before the PET scan.This case underlines the importance of careful history taking before interpretation of PET scans. Viral infections should be included in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary diffuse F-18 FDG uptake.
Detachable balloon and calibrated-leak balloon techniques in the treatment of cerebral vascular lesions (1978)

Of the cerebral vascular lesions that can be treated with intravascular detachable balloon techniques, carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas and vertebro-vertebral fistulas have the best results. The great advantage of this technique is that the cerebral blood flow can usually be preserved after the occlusion of the fistula. The authors report 17 postraumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas successfully treated with preservation of the carotid blood flow in 12 cases. None of the patients died, and the morbidity was limited to one case of third nerve palsy. The treatment of aneurysms by this method is, however, much more difficult and dangerous. Of 14 cases treated, seven good results were obtained. Two patients died and two had a poor outcome. The embolization of certain brain angiomas with calibrated-leak balloons using bucrylate promises to be important in the future.
Über eine verbesserte Synthese von β‐Glucosiduronsäure‐Derivaten (1983)

Abstract Die Koenigs‐Knorr‐Synthese von Glucosiduronsäureestern mit primären, sekundären und tertiären Alkoholen als Glycosidierungskomponenten verläuft mit sehr guten Ausbeuten, wenn Pivaloylreste als Schutzgruppen im Glucosiduronsäureteil benutzt werden.
Recent Advances in the Fabrication of Nanostructured Barrier Films (2014)

The fabrication of barrier packaging films has gained significant momentum in recent years. Besides its dominance in the food industry as a means to extend the shelf-life of perishable goods and facilitate ease of handling and transportation, the use of barrier films to protect semiconductor and flexible electronics from dust, oxidation and moisture has generated considerable interest in recent years. This has ushered in new challenges for researchers to design and develop novel thin film barrier coatings that could be made available at a fraction of the cost. The emergence of the multidisciplinary field of nanotechnology has provided innovative solutions in the fields of medicine, catalysis and energy. In this review, we will be examining the integration of nanoscience driven techniques with barrier film technology with applications in both food and electronics industry. Details regarding permeation theory, some key parameters governing gas/moisture barrier properties and the market potential of nanostructured barrier films have been included. This review also explores several past and current examples of successful inclusion of functional nanostructured or colloidal materials to fabricate tailor-made barrier films. Finally a brief discussion regarding novel emerging trends for this industry has been included.
Americanization of Korean political advertising (1998)

This study explores televised political ads in the 1992 presidential election in the US and Korea to determine whether Korean political advertising follows American campaign styles—the findings are that it does. More specifically, the results demonstrated few differences between the two groups. However, some deep‐seated Korean cultural values still remain distinct in terms of negative advertising use and the category of ethical appeals. The conclusion is that the dominance of American campaign styles may be present in a global context beyond Western societies.
A 98%-Effective Lot-Sizing Rule for a Multi-Product, Multi-Stage Production / Inventory System (1986)

We study a multi-product, multi-stage production inventory system in continuous time. In-process and finished goods are referred to as products and inventories of a single item held at different locations are treated as different products. External demand can occur for any or all of the products at a constant, product-dependent rate. When an order is placed for a product it is instantly delivered. The set-up cost is a function of the set of products being ordered at that point in time. The goal is to schedule orders for each of the products over an infinite horizon so as to minimize the long-run average cost. We define a new class of policies in which each product uses a stationary interval of time between successive orders, and the ratio of the order intervals of any two products is an integer power of two. We show that there is always a policy in this class that is within 2% of optimal. This extends a similar result for the one-warehouse, multi-retailer system. For assembly systems we show how to compute such a policy in 0(N log N) time. For general systems a sequence of max-flow, min-cut computations is required. The algorithm is efficient for very large systems.
Radical Chain End Chemical Transformation of SG1-Based Polystyrenes (2009)

Radical chain end functionalization of polystyrene previously prepared by NMP using the SG1 nitroxide was investigated. Hydroxy-functional polystyrenes were easily prepared by two different pathways: via an exchange with TEMPO nitroxide followed by a Zn/AcOH reduction or via a radical hydroxylation using the in situ preparation/reduction of the corresponding hydroperoxide. The introduction of a bromine end group was performed by radical bromination under mild conditions using ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate as bromine transfer agent. The latter polymer was further reacted with NaN3 and also used as a macroinitiator to prepare PS-b-PMMA by ATRP to confirm the chemical post-transformation. Azide-functional polystyrenes were also prepared by a one-step radical azidation reaction using ethanesulfonyl azide. In all cases, the chemical transformations were followed by both liquid chromatography at the critical condition in pure eluent and Maldi-Tof MS.
A Customized Human Fall Detection System Using Omni-Camera Images and Personal Information (2006)

This paper proposes a new approach to detect the fall of the elderly. The detection system uses a MapCam (omni-camera) to capture images and performs image processing over the images. The personal information of each individual is considered in the processing task. The MapCam is used to capture 360deg scenes simultaneously and eliminate any blind viewing zone. The personal information is combined into the system and makes it smarter by customizing the system for each individual. With personal information such as height, weight, and electronic health history, we can adjust the detection sensitivity on a case by case basis to reduce unnecessary alarms, and put more attention on the elderly with special diseases or conditions. We perform a simple experiment to verify the feasibility of our approach. The experimental results show that the successful rates of fall detections with and without personal information are 79.8% and 68%, respectively. The Kappa value of the system is 0.798 which is higher than 0.75, showing that we have a reliable system
Organic Synthesis on Graphene (2012)

Graphene is a two-dimensional crystalline carbon allotrope that has fascinated researchers worldwide and has extended the interest in carbon structures such as fullerenes and nanotubes. In this Account, we use electrical characterization tools to study chemistry on supported graphene. These experiments elucidate the way covalently bound phenyl units can change graphene’s physical properties. Can we use chemistry to control electronic properties of graphene? What can we learn from well-known carbon allotropes like fullerenes?The surfaces of fullerenes and graphene show distinct differences in reactivity because of the high strain of sp2 carbon in fullerenes compared with the complete lack of strain in graphene. Diazonium chemistry provides a versatile tool for attaching phenyl units covalently to carbon to produce advanced materials and electronic components, but diazonium-based carbon chemistry is strongly influenced by strain. Although fullerenes are highly reactive, graphite (stacks of graphene) remains relatively inert. We chemically introduce n- and p-like doping patterns in two-dimensional graphene using photolithography and extend the ability to chemically control doping to the chemical design of conducting and insulating areas. Thereby we can shape graphene surfaces into functional electronic devices.This Account also describes multistep synthesis on graphene-coated nanoparticles and the introduction of various functional groups on graphene surfaces. Only few functional groups can be produced directly via diazonium chemistry. To overcome this issue, we used these functional groups as starting points for more demanding organic reactions. We covalently attached chelating agents, catalysts, or polymers on the carbon surface. These more complex reactions facilitate the design of electronic modifications, intergraphene connections, and anchors for polymer incorporation. Diazonium chemistry forms strong covalent bridges between graphene and other areas of chemistry.
New Aspects and Experiences in Stereoscopic Television (1984)

The development of a stereoscopic television system and a demonstration program are described. The system, created by Institut fuer Rundfunktechnik (IRT), Munich, uses two ENG cameras mounted on a special support and two synchronized 1-in. Type-B VTRs. The viewer wears polarized glasses to separate the two stereoscopic pictures, but in the future, a lenticular raster system could make viewing without glasses possible. A quasi-stereoscopic system that may prove to be an interim method until true stereoscopy becomes cost-effective, is also described.
Identification of the Neuroprotective Molecular Region of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor and Its Binding Sites on Motor Neurons (2002)

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family, is a survival factor for various types of neurons. We studied the mechanisms by which human PEDF protects motor neurons from degeneration, with the goal of eventually conducting human clinical trials. We first searched for a molecular region of human PEDF essential to motor neuron protection. Using a spinal cord culture model of chronic glutamate toxicity, we show herein that a synthetic 44 mer peptide from an N-terminal region of the human PEDF molecule that lacks the homologous serpin-reactive region contains its full neuroprotective activity. We also investigated the presence and distribution of PEDF receptors in the spinal cord. Using a fluoresceinated PEDF probe, we show that spinal motor neurons contain specific binding sites for PEDF. Kinetics analyses using a radiolabeled PEDF probe demonstrate that purified rat motor neurons contain a single class of saturable and specific binding sites. This study indicates that a small peptide fragment of the human PEDF molecule could be engineered to contain all of its motor neuron protective activity, and that the neuroprotective action is likely to be mediated directly on motor neurons via a single class of PEDF receptors. The data support the pharmacotherapeutic potential of PEDF as a neuroprotectant in human motor neuron degeneration.
Asymmetric Ring Opening of Meso Epoxides with TMSCN Catalyzed by (pybox)lanthanide Complexes (2000)

The asymmetric ring opening of meso epoxides with TMSCN is catalyzed by (pybox)YbCl3 complexes, yielding the beta-trimethylsilyloxy nitrile ring-opened products with good enantioselectivities (83-92% ee). The reaction exhibits a second-order kinetic dependence on catalyst concentration and a first-order dependence on epoxide concentration, consistent with a bimetallic pathway involving simultaneous activation of epoxide and cyanide.
Identification and Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cytoplasmic Tryptophanyl‐tRNA Synthetase Gene (1997)

The enzymes that aminoacylate tRNAs have been studied extensively and can be organized into two distinct classes based on signature sequences and the position of aminoacylation. The class I enzymes have canonical HIGH and KMSKS sequences as part of a Rossman fold nucleotide-binding site. The tryptophan-specific enzymes have been placed in class I based on analysis of the cognate genes from Escherichia coli, B. stearothermophilus, B. taurus, and Homo sapiens. An unidentified open reading frame (ORF) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV, HRE342, has 46% identity with the bovine tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and possesses the appropriate signature sequences. The predicted molecular weight of the putative HRE342 protein also closely matched the expected monomer size of the S. cerevisiae enzyme. The HRE342 ORF plus about 250 bp of 5′ and 3′ flanking sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned into a 2 μ based vector, and transformed into a host strain, S. cerevisiae JG369.3B. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the clone confirmed the presence of HRE342. Extracts from transformed yeast have a 30- to 100-fold increase in specific activity of the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. An HRE342 locus in a diploid strain, PTY33XPTY44, was disrupted with a LEU2 insert. Sporulation and tetrad analysis of the HRE342::LEU2 strain demonstrated that HRE342 is an essential gene. We conclude that HRE342 is the S. cerevisiae gene encoding the cytoplasmic tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, WRS1. A search of the Saccharomyces Genome Database using amino acid sequences from other eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases suggests there is sufficient similarity to identify both class I and class II genes. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DISCRETE-TIME RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS AND ITS APPLICATION TO COMPRESSION OF INFRA-RED SPECTRUM (2011)

We study the discrete-time recurrent neural network that derived from the Leaky-integrator model and its application to compression of infra-red spec- trum. Our results show that the discrete-time Leaky-integrator recurrent neural network (RNN) model can be used to approximate the continuous-time model and inherit its dynamical characters if a proper step size is chosen. Moreover, the discrete-time Leaky-integrator RNN model is absolutely stable. By developing the double discrete integral method and employing the state space search algorithm for the discrete-time recurrent neural network model, we demonstrate with quality spectra regenerated from the compressed data how to compress the infra-red spectrum effectively. The information we stored is the parameters of the system and its initial states. The method offers an ideal setting to carry out the recurrent neural network approach to chaotic cases of data compression.
PPP in a Real-time Oriented HDLC-like Framing (1999)

A companion document describes an architecture for providing integrated services over low-bitrate links, such as modem lines, ISDN B-channels, and sub-T1 links [1]. The main components of the architecture are: a real-time encapsulation format for asynchronous and synchronous low-bitrate links, a header compression architecture optimized for real-time flows, elements of negotiation protocols used between routers (or between hosts and routers), and announcement protocols used by applications to allow this negotiation to take place.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF AN ABNORMAL ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (1941)

ATTENTION has recently been focused upon the occurrence of abnormalities in the electro-encephalogram (e.e.g.) of apparently normal subjects, and upon the high incidence of these abnormalities in subjects with behaviour disturbances and in other members of their families. Davis (1941) analysed the variations in the e.e.g. of groups of normal subjects and the abnormalities in wave form and frequency which she found in epileptic and psychotic patients. Similarly Lindsley and Cutts (1940) measured the number of waves in different frequency bands in small groups of normal adults and children, and in groups of children considered to be " constitutionally inferior " or presenting definite behaviour problems. Previously Jasper, Solomon, and Bradley (1938) had studied the abnormalities seen in the e.e.g. of behaviour problem children, while Hoagland, Cameron, and Rubin (1937), and Davis and Davis (1939) showed that a relatively high proportion of psychotic, especially schizophrenic, patients had abnormal e.e.g.'s.
Dansyl phosphatidylethanolamine-labeled very low density lipoproteins. A fluorescent probe for monitoring lipolysis. (1980)

The fluorescent phospholipid dansyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DPE) (dansyl, 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) was incorporated into very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) to form DPE-VLDL. The addition of milk lipoprotein lipase to DPE-VLDL in the presence of albumin resulted in a greater than 3-fold fluorescence increase and a 20 nm blue shift in the wavelength of the emission maxima of the dansyl fluorophore. The lipoprotein lipase-induced fluorescence changes occurred concomitantly with the release of free fatty acids from VLDL. Lipoprotein lipase did not produce fluorescence changes in DPE incorporated into either low or high density lipoproteins. The rate of fluorescence increase in DPE-VLDL was maximal at 37 degrees C, dependent on the concentration of lipoprotein lipase and VLDL, and followed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 1.0 for lipoprotein lipase. Both the initial rate and the total fluorescence increase correlated well (r = 0.98 and 0.95) with the release of free fatty acids. We conclude that the lipoprotein lipase-induced fluorescence increases in DPE-VLDL provide an accurate, convenient, and the only noninvasive means of following continuously the lipolysis of human VLDL.
Anatomical Studies of the Nyctereutes procyonoides Viverrinus Temminck (1974)

[in Japanese]
A PROCESS PLANNING APPLICATIVE FOR RAPID PROTOTYPING TECHNOLOGY (2005)

In general, a software for Rapid Prototyping (RP) has to read the part geometry in STL (STereoLithography) format, slice it electronicall y, generate information for layer addition and send these data to the RP machine. This work presents the development of a RP software to achieve that. The main objectives are to obtain autonomy on the processing parameters and to develop a system which could be used in different RP technologies. In this way, the proposed software treats the initial stages of the process, which are common to the majority of the RP technologies, in a generic way and the peculiarities of each one are addressed individually. Today, the system can already deal with the initial stages of the RP process for relatively complex geometries and was implemented for the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. Some difficulties are reported and the system feasibility is demonstrated with the good results obtained in some case studies.
ANALYZING THE RED‐SHIFT CHARACTERISTICS OF AZULENIC, NAPHTHYL, OTHER RING‐FUSED AND RETINYL PIGMENT ANALOGS OF BACTERIORHODOPSIN* (1993)

Prompted by the near infrared-absorbing properties of some of the azulenic bacteriorhodopsin (bR) analogs, we have analyzed their absorption characteristics along with 11 new related ring-fused analogs and the corresponding Schiff bases (SB) and protonated Schiff bases (PSB). The following three factors are believed to contribute to the total red shift of each of the pigment analogs (sigma RS): perturbation of the basic chromophore (SB shift, delta SB), protonation of the SB (PSB shift, PSBS) and protein perturbation (the opsin shift, OS). For each factor, effects of structural modifications were examined. For the red-shifted pigments, percent OS has been suggested as an alternate way of measuring protein perturbation. Computer-simulated chromophores provided evidence against any explanation involving altered shapes of the binding pocket as a major cause for absorption differences. Implications of the current bR results on preparation of further red-shifted bR and possible application to visual pigment analogs are discussed.
Synthesis and properties of carboxy‐functionalized poly(3‐alkylthienylenes) (1990)

The synthesis of a new type of, and doping mechanism in , “self exchange” or “self‐doping” conducting polymers based on 3‐(ω‐carboxyalkyl)thiophenes (with n = 4‐14) is examined (see figure). The properties of the polymers are different to that of those based on the corresponding sulphonic acids due to the lower acidity of the carboxylic acid function. magnified image
Einleitung (1998)

Die Finanzierungstheorie ist bis heute nicht in der Lage, die Existenz von Finanzinstitutionen und -intermediären voll befriedigend zu erklären.1 Die Forschungsbemühungen im Bereich der Finanzierungstheorie sind stark vom Konzept des vollkommenen Marktes geprägt. Erst in den letzten Jahren zeichnet sich eine Hinwendung zu alternativen Annahmesystemen ab, die direkt an den beobachtbaren Finanzinstitutionen anknüpfen.2 Zentraler Bestandteil der (nach wie vor) herrschenden neoklassisch geprägten Finanzierungsmodelle sind walrasianisch organisierte Märkte, die anonym und friktionslos funktionieren.3
<title>Atmospheric correction of DAIS hyperspectral image data</title> (1996)

A software package for the atmospheric correction of airborne hyperspectral and multispectral image data has been developed at DLR. Reflective and thermal spectral channels are taken into account employing the MODTRAN code to calculate the radiative transfer. A list of four airborne sensors is currently included in a menu-driven user-friendly environment. New instruments may easily be added. This paper focuses on the algorithms employed for the processing of DAIS imagery. The DAIS is a digital airborne imaging spectrometer with 79 spectral bands covering the optical spectrum from the visible to the thermal infrared region.
Centrifugal force and friction (1999)

A rotary motion probe is used to first measure the angle at which a washer overcomes static friction so that the coefficient of static friction can be calculated from the μ=tanθ, relationship. The force of friction between the washer and a metal rod is then equated with the centrifugal force required to overcome the static friction between the washer and a rod undergoing angular acceleration. From this equality the theoretical velocity at which the washer begins to slide off of the rod is calculated. The theoretical velocity is then compared to the velocity for this occurrence as measured with rotary motion probe.