gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boosting and Maximum Likelihood for Exponential Models (2002)

Recent research has considered the relationship between boosting and more standard statistical methods, such as logistic regression, concluding that AdaBoost is similar but somehow still very different from statistical methods in that it minimizes a different loss function. In this paper we derive an equivalence between AdaBoost and the dual of a convex optimization problem. In this setting, it is seen that the only difference between minimizing the exponential loss used by AdaBoost and maximum likelihood for exponential models is that the latter requires the model to be normalized to form a conditional probability distribution over labels; the two methods minimize the same Kullback-Leibler divergence objective function subject to identical feature constraints. In addition to establishing a simple and easily understood connection between the two methods, this framework enables us to derive new regularization procedures for boosting that directly correspond to penalized maximum likelihood. Experiments on UCI datasets, comparing exponential loss and maximum likelihood for parallel and sequential update algorithms, confirm our theoretical analysis, indicating that AdaBoost and maximum likelihood typically yield identical results as the number of features increases to allow the models to fit the training data.
[The permissive action of glucocorticoid on the analgesic effect of kyotorphin and its analogue]. (1993)

Kyotorphin (KTP) is an endogenous analgesic dipeptide which does not act on opiate receptors but may induce the release of endogenous opioid met-enkephalin. In order to investigate whether or not glucocorticoids have "permissive action" on KTP, hydrocortisone has been used to examine its action on the analgesic activities of KTP and its retro-isomer (riKTP) by employing thermal irradiation-tail flick method after intracerebroventricular injection. KTP and riKTP showed dose-dependent analgesic activity. Dose of KTP in the range of 6-24 mmol/L were effective, while the dose of riKTP at 6 mmol/L was shown to be ineffective. The analgesia of KTP was higher than that of riKTP. Hydrocortisone alone showed no significant analgesic effect. Linkers by connecting hydrocortisone with KTP or riKTP showed significantly higher analgesic effect compared with the corresponding dipeptides, not only in the duration of analgesia but also in potency. Solutions containing hydrocortisone and any one of the dipeptides exhibited the same effect as the linker. Pretreatment with sc naloxone (10 mg/kg) 15 min before icv of KTP or riKTP (24 mmol/L) could not block the analgesia. These findings implicate that: (1) Glucocorticoids have a permissive action on the analgesia of KTP and its retro-isomer. The glucocorticoids may exert its effects by acting on receptors in the membrane, and thus cause fast membrane effect. (2) KTP may also induce release of substances other than met-enkephalin to participate in the analgesia.
Medicare--where is its future? (1995)

Canadian health care policy is in a period of transition. Continuing reform is necessary to ensure quality; to evaluate health outcomes; and to promote efficiency, effectiveness and appropriateness of care.
HLA class I molecules consistently present internal influenza epitopes (2009)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) limit influenza virus replication and prevent morbidity and mortality upon recognition of HLA class I presented epitopes on the surface of virus infected cells, yet the number and origin of the viral epitopes that decorate the infected cell are unknown. To understand the presentation of influenza virus ligands by human MHC class I molecules, HLA-B*0702-presented viral peptides were directly identified following influenza infection. After transfection with soluble class I molecules, peptide ligands unique to infected cells were eluted from isolated MHC molecules and identified by comparative mass spectrometry (MS). Then CTL were gathered following infection with influenza and viral peptides were tested for immune recognition. We found that the class I molecule B*0702 presents 3-6 viral ligands following infection with different strains of influenza. Peptide ligands derived from the internal viral nucleoprotein (NP(418-426) and NP(473-481)) and from the internal viral polymerase subunit PB1 (PB1(329-337)) were presented by B*0702 following infection with each of 3 different influenza strains; ligands NP(418-426), NP(473-481), and PB1(329-337) derived from internal viral proteins were consistently revealed by class I HLA. In contrast, ligands derived from hemagglutinin (HA) and matrix protein (M1) were presented intermittently on a strain-by-strain basis. When tested for immune recognition, HLA-B*0702 transgenic mice responded to NP(418-426) and PB1(329-337) consistently and NP(473-481) intermittently while ligands from HA and M1 were not recognized. These data demonstrate an emerging pattern whereby class I HLA reveal a handful of internal viral ligands and whereby CTL recognize consistently presented influenza ligands.
“Paradise Lost”: “Tragical—Comical— Historical—Pastoral” (1973)

ABSTRACT Paradise Lost is more than a highly dramatic poem: it is “an epic built of dramas,” an encyclopedic work composed of three distinct yet interlocking plots, each of which approximates the theoretic form of a different genre of Renaissance drama. That drama of which Satan is the protagonist fulfills Aristotle's chief criteria for tragedy, and, as a dramatic character, Satan conforms to Aristotelian, Renaissance, and modern conceptions of the tragic hero. Adam is less a tragic hero than the protagonist of a pastoral tragicomedy whose crisis is the tragic incident of the Fall, but whose climax—his reconciliation with his spouse and with his God—is essentially comedic. Framing both these plots is the drama of the Son of God, which parallels the theoretic form of the Renaissance history play until it trails off into mere narrative in Books XI–XII. A fourth dramatic form is the monodrama of Milton the narrator. Its subject is the composing of an epic poem and its tension arises out of the question, can the poet-hero, against great odds, complete his magnum opus? Mainly played out in the great invocations, this monodrama remains unfinished. Its climax must be supplied by the reader of Paradise Lost himself as he experiences the triumphantly theatrical conclusion of Book XII.
Comparing the Performance of Different Neural Networks Architectures for the Prediction of Mineral Prospectivity (2005)

In the mining industry, effective use of geographic information systems (GIS) to identify new geographic locations that are favorable for mineral exploration is very important. However, definitive prediction of such location is not an easy task. In this paper, four different neural networks, namely, the Polynomial Neural Network (PNN), General Regression Neural Network (GRNN), Probabilistic Neural Network (PrNN) and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) have been used to classify data corresponding to cells in a map grid into deposit cells and barren cells. These approaches were tested on the GIS mineral exploration data from the Kalgoorlie region of Western Australia. The performance of individual neural networks is compared based on simulation results. The results demonstrate various degrees of success for the networks and suggestions on how to integrate the results are discussed.
The UBXN1 Protein Associates with Autoubiquitinated Forms of the BRCA1 Tumor Suppressor and Inhibits Its Enzymatic Function (2010)

Although the BRCA1 tumor suppressor has been implicated in many cellular processes, the biochemical mechanisms by which it influences these diverse pathways are poorly understood. The only known enzymatic function of BRCA1 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity mediated by its highly conserved RING domain. In vivo, BRCA1 associates with the BARD1 polypeptide to form a heterodimeric BRCA1/BARD1 complex that catalyzes autoubiquitination of BRCA1 and trans ubiquitination of other protein substrates. In most cases, BRCA1-dependent ubiquitination generates polyubiquitin chains bearing an unconventional K6 linkage that does not appear to target proteins for proteasomal degradation. Since ubiquitin-dependent processes are usually mediated by cellular receptors with ubiquitin-binding motifs, we screened for proteins that specifically bind autoubiquitinated BRCA1. Here we report that the UBXN1 polypeptide, which contains a ubiquitin-associated (UBA) motif, recognizes autoubiquitinated BRCA1. This occurs through a bipartite interaction in which the UBA domain of UBXN1 binds K6-linked polyubiquitin chains conjugated to BRCA1 while the C-terminal sequences of UBXN1 bind the BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer in a ubiquitin-independent fashion. Significantly, the E3 ligase activity of BRCA1/BARD1 is dramatically reduced in the presence of UBXN1, suggesting that UBXN1 regulates the enzymatic function of BRCA1 in a manner that is dependent on its ubiquitination status.
Skeletal Microcirculatory Responses to Hyperdynamic Escherichia coli Sepsis in Unanesthetized Rats (1987)

To determine the microvascular site of vasodilation during hyperdynamic sepsis, we measured arteriolar and venular responses to live Escherichia coli bacteremia in the rat cremaster muscle by direct in vivo videomicroscopy. Our data indicate that cardiac output (by thermodilution) increased, systemic vascular resistance decreased, and a differential arteriolar response occurred, with constriction of large arterioles and dilation of small terminal arterioles. We conclude that dilation of small terminal arterioles in skeletal muscle could contribute to decreased systemic vascular resistance during hyperdynamic sepsis. This may be an appropriate response to increased oxygen demand or decreased tissue utilization of oxygen. Alternatively, small-arteriole dilation may be an inappropriate response and secondary to release of vasoactive inflammatory mediators. If the latter is true, there is a potential therapeutic role for selective manipulation of the tone of small terminal arterioles in hyperdynamic sepsis.
GDOP results in all-in-view positioning and in four optimum satellites positioning with GPS PRN codes ranging (2004)

The geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) is an indication of the quality of the GPS positioning solution when the precise of pseudo-random noise (PRN) ranging is invariable. Four Optimum satellites method is used to solve this problem in some solutions, which involve mass of calculation. In this paper, all satellites in the field of view (all-in-view) are employed to calculate the constellation's GDOP and the corresponding receiver's position error. That the GDOP of all-in-view is no more than that of the four optimum satellites is proved in theory. The experiment results show that the precise of all-in-view overmatched that of the other. Furthermore, the elevation of each satellite in view and the GPS receiver's signal to noise ratio (SNR) on satellite is introduced as fuzzy subset to weight the observation matrix when the practice environment reality, which is taken on variety and fuzzy characteristic, is considered. The experiment results indicate that the proposed algorithm is beneficial to smooth GDOP spoiled fluctuation when the constellation took place changes.
Kudzu (<i>Pueraria lobata</i>) Vine Ethanol Extracts Improve Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Female Mice (2011)

Bone-loss-improving action of kudzu vine ethanol extracts (PVEE) was clarified. PVEE was composed roughly of 80% fiber, 10% puerarin, 3.6% daidzin, 2.5% 6″-O-malonyldaidzin, and the other minor isoflavones. Ten-week-old ovariectomized (OVX) mice were fed diets containing PVEE (20 mg/kg body weight/day) for 8 weeks. The bone resorption markers (urinary deoxypyridinoline and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity) was elevated in OVX mice and was significantly decreased in OVX mice that consumed PVEE for 8 weeks. Consistent with the decrease in the markers, the number of matured osteoclasts in the distal femur was diminished in OVX mice fed PVEE diets. PVEE diets also suppressed the decrease in femoral bone mineral density (BMD) by OVX. PVEE showed the affinity for estrogen receptor α and β nearly 1/10000 weaker than 17β-estradiol. No hypertrophy in the uterus by the PVEE diet was observed. These results suggest that PVEE could be a promising resource for a functional food that improves osteoporosis.
Auger Recombination of Biexcitons and Negative and Positive Trions in Individual Quantum Dots (2014)

Charged exciton states commonly occur both in spectroscopic studies of quantum dots (QDs) and during operation of QD-based devices. The extra charge added to the neutral exciton modifies its radiative decay rate and also opens an additional nonradiative pathway associated with an Auger process whereby the recombination energy of an exciton is transferred to the excess charge. Here we conduct single-dot spectroscopic studies of Auger recombination in thick-shell ("giant") CdSe/CdS QDs with and without an interfacial alloy layer using time-tagged, time-correlated single-photon counting. In photoluminescence (PL) intensity trajectories of some of the dots, we resolve three distinct states of different emissivities ("bright", "gray", and "dark") attributed, respectively, to the neutral exciton and negative and positive trions. Simultaneously acquired PL lifetime trajectories indicate that the positive trion is much shorter lived than the negative trion, which can be explained by a high density of valence band states and a small hole localization radius (defined by the QD core size), factors that favor an Auger process involving intraband excitation of a hole. A comparison of trion and biexciton lifetimes suggests that the biexciton Auger decay can be treated in terms of a superposition of two independent channels associated with positive- and negative-trion pathways. The resulting interdependence between Auger time constants might simplify the studies of multicarrier recombination by allowing one, for example, to infer Auger lifetimes of trions of one sign based on the measurements of biexciton decay and dynamics of the trions of the opposite sign or, alternatively, estimate the biexciton lifetime based on studies of trion dynamics.
Methanol to Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons: Influence of Nanocrystal Size and Mesoporosity on Catalytic Performance and Product Distribution of ZSM-5 (2011)

Improvement of synthesis methods for ZSM-5 zeolite, as a heteregeneous catalyst, is essential for a wide variety of different reactions in the chemical industry. Decreasing zeolite crystal size and introducing mesoporosity into the zeolite structure can improve its performance in catalytic reaction through decreasing the micropore diffusion path-length and increasing the external surface area. In this study, three different ZSM-5 zeolites (Nano-ZSM-5, Meso-ZSM-5, and Con-ZSM-5) were prepared by a single-templating procedure, and the reaction of methanol to gasoline-range hydrocarbons was evaluated over synthesized ZSM-5 crystals in a fixed-bed continuous flow reactor. Good correlation was observed between catalytic performance, product distribution, mesoporosity, and crystal size of ZSM-5 zeolites. Both nanocrystal and mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites showed long-term catalytic stability compared with the conventional one. In contrast to conventional ZSM-5 catalyst, the nanocrystal and mesoporous ZSM-5 catalysts showed high selectivities for light olefins and alkyl aromatics, respectively, in the conversion of methanol to gasoline. These results clearly indicate that both crystal size and mesoporosity significantly influence the ZSM-5 lifetime and product distribution.
Practice nurses - equal in all but education (1992)

As the emergency resolution on practice nurse education did not get debated at Congress we would like to highlight the need for the experience and expertise of practice nurses to be recognised when the UKCC assesses their position under the Community Health Care Nurse (CHCN) qualification.
Interferometry with x rays (1970)

IN THIS NEW BRANCH of applied x-ray optics, crystals that obey Bragg's law of reflection are used as optical components. The physics of these devices is very simple and has long been available in the works of, for example, Max von Laue and Paul Ewald. Construction and operation of x-ray interferometers, however, had to await the arrival of large, almost perfect, artificially grown single crystals. In the five years that have elapsed since the first successful x-ray interferometer was made only a few of the possible applications have been exploited.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN FLUORINATED β‐DIKETONES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS‐ PART V. SYNTHESIS AND SPECTRAL STUDIES OF FLUORINE‐CONTAINING 1,4‐DIAZEPINES DIAZEPINIUM PERCHLORATES AND THEIR 6‐HALO DERIVATIVES (1977)

Abstract Die an den Substituenten fluorierten Diazepine (III) werden durch Cyclokondensation der fluorierten β‐Diketone (I) mit dem Diamin (II) nach Lloyd dargestellt.
Neural network architectures for rotated character recognition (2003)

Explores a neural network (NN) approach that is analogous to the human straightforward pattern matching, where some rotation is taking place in high level neurons close to symbols. The main objective is to develop ideas to simulate the rotation and verify them by using a large number of handwritten characters. The author proposes a feedforward NN where the links between input and hidden units are locally connected and weights are symmetrically shared. In the recognition process the total input values to hidden units are rotated according to the number of possible orientations and the activation values of output units are calculated for each orientation to find the best output.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Structure of <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric, Doubly Bridged Bis(indenyl)titanium and -zirconium Dichlorides (1997)

The synthesis of the new C2h-symmetric doubly bridged 1,2‘-(ethane-1,2-diyl)-2,1‘-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(indene) ligand 9 from 1,5-dimethyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene via a selenium-catalyzed oxidation reaction and a double Nazarov π-cyclization reaction is reported. Only one bridged C2-symmetric metallocene diastereomer was formed in the metalation of 9 because the geometry of the double bridge precluded formation of a meso isomer. The C2-symmetric [1,2‘-(ethane-1,2-diyl)-2,1‘-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(indenyl)]titanium and -zirconium dichlorides 10 and 11 were prepared in good (63 and 67%) yields, with no evidence of oligomeric metallocene products. The solid-state structure of 11 was determined by X-ray crystallography. The related bis(indene) 19, containing a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane bridging moiety, was synthesized from Meerwein's diketone but could not be efficiently metalated.
Septicemia and meningitis caused by Helicobacter cinaedi in a neonate (1993)

Helicobacter cinaedi has been most frequently isolated from rectal swabs of homosexual men with proctocolitis. The microorganism is a normal intestinal inhabitant of hamsters. We report a case of septicemia and meningitis by H. cinaedi in a neonate whose mother cared for pet hamsters during the first two trimesters of her pregnancy. The isolate was detected after 3 days of incubation in a Bact/Alert pediatric blood culture vial and an enrichment broth culture of the cerebrospinal fluid. H. cinaedi should be added to the list of unusual fastidious organisms that cause sepsis and meningitis in the newborn.
Skin Barrier Function as a Self-Organizing System (2000)

Skin Barrier function which protects internal organs from the environment resides in the uppermost thin heterogeneous layer, called stratum corneum. The stratum corneum is composed of dead protein-rich cells and intercellular lipid domains. This two- compartment structure is renewed continuously and when the barrier function is damaged, it is repaired immediately. Under low humidity, the stratum corneum becomes thick, the lipid content in the stratum corneum increases and water impermeability is enhanced. The heterogeneous field in the epidermis induced by ions, such as calcium and potassium regulates the self-referential, self-organizing system to protect the living organism.
Observation of the Photorefractive Effect in a Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Nanocomposite (1999)

We report the observation of the photorefractive effect in an organic−inorganic polymer composite photosensitized with nanosized cadmium sulfide particles, the surface of which is passivated utilizing p-thiocresol. The semiconductor nanoparticles are dispersed in a poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) polymer matrix that also acts as the charge-transport species. The ability of these particles to behave as the photosensitizer in a PVK matrix has been characterized through a dc photoconductivity experiment. In addition, for the photorefractive experiments, the second-order optically nonlinear chromophore 4-nitrophenyl-l-prolinol is also doped into the PVK matrix to elicit electro-optic response. Tricresyl phosphate is used to lower the glass-transition temperature of the material, allowing for room temperature in situ poling of the sample. In addition to the electric field dependence of the degenerate four-wave mixing diffraction efficiency, the photorefractive nature of the grating is confirmed via two-wave mixing asymmetric energy transfer. The paper also discusses briefly the methods employed in the syntheses of the capped CdS nanoparticles used in this study, which include the reverse micelle approach as well as competitive reaction chemistry. The resulting particles have been characterized using UV−vis absorption and X-ray diffraction.
Caring for Patients with Dementia: How Good Is the Quality of Care? Results from Three Health Systems (2007)

In general, dementia care quality has considerable room for improvement. Although greater comorbidity and dementia severity were associated with better quality, caregiver knowledge was the most consistent caregiver characteristic associated with better adherence. These findings offer opportunities for targeting low quality and suggest potential focused interventions.
Characteristics of a band edge p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors fabricated with a high-k /WAlx/TiSiN gate stack (2010)

A metal/high-k gate stack with a p-type band edge effective work function (EWF) of about 5.0 eV is demonstrated using a thin WAlx capping layer. The WAlx stack exhibits a lower threshold voltage (higher flatband voltage) value and better equivalent oxide thickness scalability than previously reported high EWF gate stacks using an AlOx cap. The WAlx cap p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (pMOSFETs) show significantly improved negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) characteristics than AlOx-capped pMOSFETs, which is attributed to negligible diffusion of Al into the interfacial oxide layer adjacent to the Si substrate.