gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Heterogeneity of the Endothelium (2007)

Endothelial cells, which form the inner cellular lining of blood vessels and lymphatics, display remarkable heterogeneity in structure and function. This is the first of a 2-part review focused on phenotypic heterogeneity of blood vessel endothelium. This review provides an historical perspective of our understanding of endothelial heterogeneity, discusses the scope of phenotypic diversity across the vascular tree, and addresses proximate and evolutionary mechanisms of endothelial cell heterogeneity. The overall goal is to underscore the importance of phenotypic heterogeneity as a core property of the endothelium.
Principal and Subsidiary Antigenic Sites of VP1 Involved in the Neutralization of Poliovirus Type 3 (1985)

The characterization of over 300 mutants, derived from two strains of poliovirus type 3 and selected for resistance to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies, has led to the further definition of the major antigenic site involved in neutralization. The site encompasses amino acids 89 to 100 of VP1. A subsidiary antigenic site near the C-terminus of VP1 has been identified for the Sabin vaccine strain of poliovirus type 3. Of 59 monoclonal antibodies to poliovirus type 3 examined, 27 had virus-neutralizing activity and 25 of these were identified as directed against the major site on VP1 (designated site 1), indicating the immunodominant role of this site. One of the six monoclonal antibodies that recognized the subsidiary antigenic site on VP1 (designated site 2) possessed virus-neutralizing activity. The identification of the principal antigenic site of the virus provides a rational basis for attempts at the development of synthetic oligopeptide vaccines against poliovirus type 3.
Nature and Linkages of the Fatty Acids Present in the Lipid‐A Component of <i>Salmonella</i> Lipopolysaccharides (1972)

Laurie, myristic, palmitic, and 3‐ d ‐(–)‐myristic acid in a ratio of about 1:1:1:3 are present in the lipid A part of the glycolipid derived from the Re mutant Salmonella minnesota R595. An additional fatty acid, Δ 2 ‐tetradecenoic acid found in larger amounts after alkaline treatment was recognized as an artifact formed by a β‐elimination reaction from ester‐linked 3‐myristoxy‐myristic acid. Various methods for the stepwise liberation of fatty acids were used to identify their distribution on the backbone of lipid A which consists of β‐1,6‐linked glucosamine disaccharide units substituted at position 3′ with 2‐keto‐3‐eoxyoctonate and at positions 1 and 4′ with phosphate. It was found that the amino groups of the glucosamine residues are substituted by 3‐D‐(–)‐hydroxymyristic acid whose hydroxyl group is free. The three available hydroxyl groups at positions 3, 4, and 6′ of the glucosamine dissaccharide are substituted by equal amounts of lauric, palmitic, and 3‐D‐myristoxymyristic acid and, possibly, by smaller amounts of myristic and unsubstituted 3‐D‐hydroxymyristic acid. A similar structure of lipid A seems to exist in lipopolysaccharides of other Salmonella species.
The PUMILIO−RNA Interaction:  A Single RNA-Binding Domain Monomer Recognizes a Bipartite Target Sequence (1998)

Translational repression of hunchback (hb) mRNA in the posterior of the Drosophila embryo requires two copies of a bipartite sequence, the Nanos Response Element (NRE), located in the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA. The PUMILIO (PUM) protein is thought to bind the NREs and thereby repress hb translation. The RNA-binding domain of PUM defines an evolutionarily conserved family of RNA-binding proteins, the PUM-Homology Domain (PUM-HD) proteins, which have been identified in yeast, plants, and animals. The PUM RNA-binding domain, the Drosophila PUM-HD (DmPUM-HD), has been shown previously to recognize nucleotides in both the 5' and 3' halves of the NRE, suggesting that a dimer of PUM might recognize one NRE. Here, we analyze the RNA-binding affinity and stoichiometry of the DmPUM-HD and find that one DmPUM-HD monomer binds independently and with equal affinity to each NRE (KD approximately 0.5 nM). We detect no cooperative interactions between DmPUM-HD monomers bound at adjacent sites. Our results imply that a single DmPUM-HD protein recognizes nucleotides in both the 5' and 3' NRE half-sites. Based on our estimate of the intraembryonic concentration of PUM (>40 nM), we propose that in vivo nearly all NREs are occupied by a PUM monomer.
MudPad (2010)

We present MudPad, a system that is capable of localized active haptic feedback on multitouch surfaces. An array of electromagnets locally actuates a tablet-sized overlay containing magnetorheological (MR) fluid. The reaction time of the fluid is fast enough for realtime feedback ranging from static levels of surface softness to a broad set of dynamically changeable textures. As each area can be addressed individually, the entire visual interface can be enriched with a multi-touch haptic layer that conveys semantic information as the appropriate counterpart to multi-touch input.
Opportunistic large arrays: cooperative transmission in wireless multihop ad hoc networks to reach far distances (2003)

The technique we propose in this paper allows efficient flooding of a wireless network with information from a source, which we refer to as the leader. At the same time, it permits us to transmit reliably to far destinations that the individual nodes are not able to reach without consuming rapidly their own battery resources, even when using multihop links (the reach-back problem). The synchronization constraints are extremely loose and can be fulfilled in a distributed manner. The key idea is to have the nodes simply echo the leader's transmission operating as active scatterers while using adaptive receivers that acquire the equivalent network signatures corresponding to the echoed symbols. The active nodes in the network operate either as regenerative or nonregenerative relays. The intuition is that each of the waveforms will be enhanced by the accumulation of power due to the aggregate transmission of all the nodes while, if kept properly under control, the random errors or the receiver noise that propagate together with the useful signals will cause limited deterioration in the performance. The avalanche of signals triggered by the network leaders form the so-called opportunistic large array (OLA). The main advantages of the OLA are its great flexibility and scalability.
Skin electrical properties and physical aspects of hydration of keratinized tissues (2010)

I dette doktorgradsarbeidet har vi studert hudens evne til å binde vann og hvordan dette påvirker hudens elektriske egenskaper. Vi har også introdusert en helt ny byggestein – memristoren – i bioelektrisk modellering, noe som åpner for en helt ny måte å beskrive bioelektrisitet på.\nMengden av vann i huden er den viktigste indikatoren på hvor bra den fungerer og denne mengden kan beregnes ut fra enkle elektriske målinger på huden. Resultatene i denne studien vil kunne bidra til bedre diagnostisering av hudsykdommer, utvikling av farmasøytiske produkter (fuktighetskremer), samt til økt forståelse av hudens mange funksjoner. Generelt vil endringer i vev også vise seg i endrede elektriske egenskaper. Ved å sende en svak strøm mellom to eller flere elektroder får man et nøytralt og sikkert mål på hudens innhold av vann. Hvor godt huden leder strøm vil bl.a. avhenge av hvor mye svette det er i huden, og dermed kan svetteaktiviteten måles på en objektiv måte. Spesielt er svette i håndflatene interessant, da dette er knyttet til stressrelaterte situasjoner og nervøsitet (bl.a. løgndetektorer) og objektive vurderinger av smerte. \nVi har også vist at den elektriske motstanden i biologisk materiale kan ha ”minne” ved å modellere de elektriske egenskapene ved hjelp av en såkalt memristor. Memristoren er en elektrisk motstand med minne og er et fundamentalt kretselement som har vært oversett inntil nylig. Vi har studert hudens elektriske ledningsevne og vist at mengden elektrisk strøm som får passere avhenger av hva vevet husker. Det som avgjør hvor godt vevet husker er igjen bestemt av antallet ioner som har passert gjennom svettekanaler i huden. Dette er en helt ny måte å beskrive elektriske egenskaper i biologisk vev og baserer seg på en hittil svært lite brukt løsning av Maxwells likninger. Arbeidet er viktig da det forklarer transport av ioner i kapillærer og porer og muligens også nevrale nettverk og hukommelse. Slike systemer er helt avgjørende for levende celler samt andre viktige biologiske prosesser. En slik såkalt memristiv (memory resistor) modell er typisk for systemer på liten skala og vil også være gyldig for mange nanomaterialer.\nArbeidet er utført ved Fysisk institutt ved Universitetet i Oslo.
Evolutionary hardware-in-the-loop optimization of a controller for cascaded hydraulic valves (2007)

This paper presents a method for evolutionary optimization of a cascaded control structure for an industrial hydraulic valve. It proposes an iterative optimization scheme, in which the controller optimization alters between inner and outer loop parameters. The evolutionary optimization is a combination of hardware-in-the-loop evaluation of the pilot valve and a dynamic simulation of the main valve behavior. The experimental results demonstrate that the intertwined scheme results in faster convergence as it breaks down the overall optimization of the control structure into the less complex subproblems of separated optimization of inner and outer loop.
Scheme for the fabrication of ultrashort channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (2000)

We present a scheme for the fabrication of ultrashort channel length metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) involving nanolithography and molecular-beam epitaxy. The active channel is undoped and is defined by a combination of nanometer-scale patterning and anisotropic etching of an n++ layer grown on a silicon on insulator wafer. The method is self-limiting and can produce MOSFET devices with channel lengths of less than 10 nm. Measurements on the first batch of n-MOSFET devices fabricated with this approach show very good output characteristics and good control of short-channel effects.
Energy Harvesting from Highly Unsteady Fluid Flows using Piezoelectric Materials (2010)

In the present work we explore some aspects of energy harvesting from unsteady, turbulent fluid flow using piezoelectric generators. Turbulent flows exhibit a large degree of coherence in their spatial and temporal scales, which provides a unique opportunity for energy harvesting. The voltage generated by short, flexible piezoelectric cantilever beams placed inside turbulent boundary layers and wakes of circular cylinders at high Reynolds numbers is investigated. Matching the fluid flow’s predominant frequency with the natural frequency of the piezoelectric generator appears to maximize the piezoelectric output voltage. This voltage is also dependent on the generator’s location inside the flow field. A three-way coupled interaction simulation that takes into account the aerodynamics, structural vibration, and electrical response of the piezoelectric generator has been developed. The simulation results agree reasonably well with the experimental data paving the way of using such a tool to estimate the performance of different energy harvesting devices within unsteady flow fields.
Donepezil: an update (2007)

Donepezil hydrochloride is the most widely prescribed drug for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main mechanism of action through which it influences cognition and function is presumed to be the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the brain; however, donepezil may also impact the pathophysiology of AD at several other points. Officially approved for mild-to-moderate and severe AD, donepezil has also been shown to be effective in early-stage AD, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia/Lewy body disease and cognitive symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis. In addition, one study suggested that donepezil may delay the onset of AD in subjects with mild cognitive impairment, a prodrome to AD. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety/tolerability profile and drug interaction properties of donepezil make it an easy and safe agent to use. However, in general, the efficacy of donepezil is limited, and ongoing studies are investigating other agents that may ultimately overtake its present position as the mainstay of anti-AD therapy.
Binary partition algorithms and VLSI architectures for median and rank order filtering (1993)

A class of selection algorithms using binary partition that are very efficient for median and rank order filtering is considered. A unified discussion of these algorithms is presented. The algorithms have better time-area complexity than sorting methods. Counting, firing, and updating are the three basic steps. A generic structure is proposed to realize these algorithms. They can be implemented by simple and regular modules in VLSI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving SigComp performance through extended operations (2003)

This paper demonstrates the efficiency gains achievable for the compression scheme SigComp using extended operations where information from previously sent and received messages is used. The calculations are performed for a call setup using SIP in a typical 3GPP scenario. It is estimated that the transmission time over the air interface can be reduced by approximately 2/3. Also, the performance in terms of compression efficiency can be doubled, compared to using message by message compression with SigComp.
Market efficiency before and after the introduction of electronic trading at the Toronto stock exchange (1997)

Abstract The trend toward automation of the trading activity on stock exchanges has spread around the world in recent years. Using rescaled range analysis, we test the effect of automation at the TSE on the market's efficiency using daily and monthly return data. Significant departures from a random walk model were found for selected individual stocks in the daily data. However, monthly returns of various stock indexes were more closely described by a random walk process. Differences in the daily and monthly data may be attributable to the effects of aggregation and indexation on return data. In addition, several simple ‘technical’ trading strategies were compared with a ‘buy and hold’ strategy using daily data for 25 stocks. Despite the presence of non‐random patterns in the return data, the technical trading rules could not exploit this information to out‐perform the buy and hold strategy. Thus, the presence of deviations from a random walk do not necessarily translate into abnormal performance. Overall, the results suggest automation did not significantly alter the degree of market efficiency at the TSE.
Aquaporins. A Molecular Entry into Plant Water Relations (2001)

Water relations are obviously crucial to the physiology of terrestrial plants, but 25 years ago most plant biologists viewed this area of research as somewhat of an oddity. Dominated by equations and unusual physical theories about liquids flowing in pipes, water relations seemed to be a field with
Beckmann Rearrangement of the Oximes of Phenyl 2-Pyridyl Ketone (2-Benzoylpyridine) (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBeckmann Rearrangement of the Oximes of Phenyl 2-Pyridyl Ketone (2-Benzoylpyridine)Ernest H. Huntress and Henry C. WalterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 11, 3702–3707Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01191a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01191a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views503Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Chitin Deacetylase from<i>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</i> (1996)

Chitin deacetylase, active in the presence of acetate (96% of the enzymatic activity was retained in the presence of 100 mM sodium acetate), was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a culture filtrate of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (944-fold with a recovery of 4.05%). The enzyme was induced in the medium after the eighth day of incubation simultaneously with the blackening of the medium. The molecular mass of the enzyme was 31.5 kDa and 33 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme is a single polypeptide. The optimum temperature was 60 degrees C and the optimum pH was 11.5-12.0 when glycol chitin was used as substrate. The enzyme was active toward glycol chitin, partially N-deacetylated water soluble chitin, and chitin oligomers the degrees of polymerization of which were more than four, but was less active with chitin trimer and dimer, and inactive with N-acetylglucosamine. The Km and kcat for glycol chitin were 2.55 mM and 27.1 s-1, respectively, and those for chitin pentamer were 414 microM and 83.2 s-1, respectively. The reaction rates of the enzyme toward glycol chitin and chitin oligomers seemed to follow the Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
Meeting behavior detection in smart environments: Nonverbal cues that help to obtain natural interaction (2008)

Unobtrusive and multiple-sensor interfaces enable observation of natural human behavior in smart environments. Being able to detect, analyze and interpret this activity allows for the implementation of various applications, including real-time surveillance and real-time support in smart home and office environments. We focus on smart meeting environments, where nonverbal behavioral cues sometimes tell more about issues such as discussion participation, involvement and contribution, than information obtained from verbal contributions. An important aspect of this behavior is the interaction between meeting participants. We regard the special case where some of the participants are at physically different locations, which hinders natural interaction. We discuss how we can exploit the ability of a sensor-equipped environment to detect nonverbal interaction cues and use these to allow and improve natural interaction between collaborating participants at distributed locations. We focus on research efforts to detect nonverbal interaction cues by looking at various modalities. Also, we discuss how information obtained from the fusion of these modalities allows us to generate and display behavioral cues that allow remote participants to take part in a distributed meeting in a natural way.
Divergent selection for postweaning feed conversion in Angus beef cattle: III. Linear body measurements of progeny2 (1993)

Postweaning performance data were obtained on 401 group-fed, purebred Angus calves from 24 selected sires (12 high- and 12 low-feed-conversion sires) from 1983 through 1986 at the Northwestern Branch of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Body measurements of progeny were taken from 1983 through 1986 for hip height and backfat, whereas others, except chest measurements (depth and width) that were available only in 1985, were taken from 183 progeny born in 1985 and 1986. The objective of this portion of the study was to determine whether differences in linear body measurements exist between progeny of high- and low-feed-conversion sires. Differences between progeny of high- and low-feed-conversion sires tended to exist (P < .10) for heart girth (176.3 +/- 1.2 vs 173.2 +/- 1.2 cm) and were significant for backfat thickness (.94 +/- .01 vs .87 +/- .02 cm). No significant differences were observed for hip height (115.3 +/- .5 vs 115.5 +/- .5 cm), chest depth (58.8 +/- .6 vs 57.4 +/- .6 cm), chest width (44.4 +/- .5 vs 44.0 +/- .5 cm), head width (21.2 +/- .2 vs 21.1 +/- .2 cm), head length (42.4 +/- .3 vs 41.6 +/- .3 cm), muzzle circumference (41.0 +/- .4 vs 41.6 +/- .3 cm), length between hooks and pins (46.7 +/- .5 vs 46.2 +/- .5 cm), length between shoulder and hooks (94.9 +/- 1.0 vs 93.1 +/- 1.0 cm), or volume (361,199 +/- 4,885 vs 352,718 +/- 5,026 cm3).
Hypermethylation reduces expression of tumor‐suppressor PLZF and regulates proliferation and apoptosis in non‐small‐cell lung cancers (2013)

Deregulation of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF), a tumor suppressor gene, was reported in different types of solid tumors. This study for the first time explored the reduced expression of PLZF and its effects in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carcinogenesis. PLZF was found to be down-regulated by 62.8% in 87.1% of 154 paired NSCLC samples by quantitative real-time PCR, and its expression was found to be associated with the sex of the patient (P=0.02). Further analysis showed that down-regulation of PLZF in 35.6% NSCLC samples (31 out of 87) was triggered by hypermethylation in the promoter region. This was validated by demethylation analysis using the A549 cell line. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that CTCF binding to the promoter region could activate PLZF transcription. Overexpression of PLZF in both A549 and LTEP lung cancer cell lines was found to inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis. Therefore, reduced expression of PLZF was found to be common in NSCLC. PLZF down-regulation was partially correlated with hypermethylation in the promoter region. Decreased levels of PLZF expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of NSCLC by promoting cell survival. Therefore, the restoration of PLZF expression may serve as a new strategy for NSCLC therapy.
Evaluating Electricity Usage Patterns for Reducing Energy Consumption and Minimizing Costs (1998)

This paper demonstrates a new technique for analyzing electricity consumption patterns. The technique automatically finds groups of consumers that have similar load profiles. Once these distinct groups of consumers are identified, alternative strategies can be developed for reducing electricity demand; improving the energy technologies and services installed; and optimizing the time of electricity/energy use. Electricity usage patterns can be classified by seasonal, monthly, and weekly variations over weekends and weekdays. Weekly variations in consumption patterns can also be compared throughout the year, and in 30 minute time intervals over the course of a day. This data can be compared with wholesale pricing results from EMCO in order to determine which load-shifting strategies for reducing electricity supply costs could be most beneficial.
Prosthetic gingival reconstruction in fixed partial restorations. Part 3: laboratory procedures and maintenance. (2010)

Part 1 of the present series presented a rationale for including prosthetic gingiva in the planning of a fixed restoration to ensure an esthetic result for patients with severe horizontal and vertical ridge deficiencies. The second part focused on the diagnostic and treatment planning aspects of the use of artificial gingiva. This third and final installment in the series focuses on the laboratory and clinical procedures involved in fabricating a prosthesis with artificial gingiva and provides information on proper maintenance of these restorations.