gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility and natural resistance of Trypanosoma cruzi strains to drugs used clinically in Chagas disease (1987)

The susceptibility and natural resistance to two nitroheterocyclic derivatives used clinically in Chagas disease (nifurtimox and benznidazole) were investigated in 47 Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from human patients, domestic vectors and sylvatic reservoirs or vectors. A large gradient of drug efficacy from 0% to 100% was detected. Drug susceptibility apparently related to geographical distribution of some T. cruzi strains was also observed. Drug resistance was identified among T. cruzi populations isolated from sylvatic vectors from an area where autochthonous human Chagas disease does not exist. Thus, natural drug-resistance of sylvatic strains might be a way of introducing this character into a T. cruzi domestic cycle. Most of the 47 studied strains were either sensitive or resistant to both compounds, an intriguing finding considering that nifurtimox and benznidazole apparently have different mechanisms of action against T. cruzi.
Inhibition of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor by TCV-116: Quantitation by In Vitro Autoradiography (1999)

Inhibition of angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 (AT1) receptors in various target tissues of adult Sprague-Dawley rats was studied after single oral administration of TCV-116. The effects of TCV-116 on Ang II-receptor binding were assessed by quantitative in vitro autoradiography using 125I-[Sar1,Ile8]Ang II as a ligand. Four hours after the administration of TCV-116 (1 mg/kg), Ang II-receptor binding was markedly inhibited in the kidney (20% of control), adrenal cortex (27%), thoracic aorta (57%), heart (55%) and testis (76%) where AT1 receptors predominate. In the brain, orally administered TCV-116 produced a significant inhibition of binding both to the circumventricular organs (38%), which are devoid of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and to the discrete regions within the BBB such as the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (48%), nucleus of the solitary tract (60%). Twenty-four hours after the administration, Ang II-receptor binding had partly recovered to approximately 50-85% of control levels. In contrast, throughout the experimental period, Ang II-receptor binding was little affected in sites where Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptors predominate such as the adrenal medulla and the nucleus of the inferior olive. These data indicate that orally administered TCV-116 specifically binds to AT1 receptors both in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system.
Overexpression of nerve growth factor in epidermis of transgenic mice causes hypertrophy of the peripheral nervous system (1994)

Survival of developing neurons is dependent on access to a limited supply of target-derived neurotrophic factors. NGF is the most extensively characterized of these molecules and during development is synthesized by neuronal and nonneuronal target tissues such as the skin. To investigate how target-derived NGF affects neuron survival and development of the PNS, we used an epidermal-specific gene promoter to produce transgenic mice that overexpress the mouse NGF cDNA in skin. Analysis of transgenic skin mRNA synthesis by Northern and in situ hybridizations showed increased levels of transgene-derived mRNA in the epidermis and associated hair follicles. The increase in NGF mRNA correlated with a hypertrophy of peripheral sensory and sympathetic nerves. Immunological analysis of skin using an anti-150 kDa neurofilament antibody showed numerous large nerve bundles and fibers coursing throughout the dermis. Increased numbers of nerve processes in the transgenic skin had immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide and tyrosine hydroxylase, indicating that both the sensory and sympathetic systems were hypertrophied. The trigeminal and superior cervical ganglia were greatly enlarged. Cell counts of trigeminal ganglia of control and transgenic mice showed a 26-117% increase in the number of neurons in the transgenics, indicating a reduction or total prevention of the program of naturally occurring cell death. These results demonstrate that NGF production by the epidermal target tissue controls neuronal survival, and in so doing, establishes the level of innervation.
PP.31.23 (2015)

Objective: To assess the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum levels and both blood pressure variability according to 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and target organ damage (TOD). Design and method: We compared demographic characteristics, 24-hour ABPM parameters and markers of TOD according to PTH serum levels in a cohort of hypertensive patients referred to our outpatient clinic. A cut-off point of > 70 ng/ml defined elevated PTH serum levels. Blood pressure variability was calculated as average real variability (ARV). T- Student or chi-square tests were used to compare mean or percentage values, as appropriate. Correlations between PTH serum levels and both blood pressure measurements and TOD markers were evaluated using Pearson test. Multivariate analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders, including vitamin D and renal function. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and fifty three consecutive patients who underwent 24-hour ABPM were studied (mean age = 57.9 yrs [± SD, 15.7], 50.9%, female). Statistically significant differences found in demographic, biochemical, ABPM and TOD variables according to PTH levels are shown in Table 1. PTH serum levels showed statistically significant correlations with age (r = 0.223; p < 0.01), 25-OH D (r = -0.217; p < 0.01), estimated glomerular filtration (r = -0.227; p < 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.227; p < 0.01), urine albumin/creatinine ratio (r = 0.264; p < 0.01), and left ventricular hypertrophy [Cornell voltage QRS duration product] (r = 0.603; p < 0.001). Association between systolic ARV and PTH levels remained statistically significant after adjusting for renal function and vitamin D.Conclusions: We have found an increased blood pressure variability and higher pulse pressure in 24-hour ABPM, associated with elevated PTH serum levels in hypertensive patients, independently of vitamin D serum levels and renal function. PTH levels also correlated significantly with markers of target organ damage such as microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy. The increased cardiovascular risk previously reported in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism might be explained, in part, through the effects of increased PTH serum levels on blood pressure variability. Prospective studies are needed to further assess the effects of reducing PTH serum levels on blood pressure variability in hypertensive patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Analysis of brillouin frequency shift and longitudinal acoustic wave in a silica optical fiber with a triple-layered structure (2003)

We report a thorough analysis on the Brillouin frequency shift as a function of geometrical parameters in a silica optical fiber consisting of triple-layered structure, GeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -doped core, P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> , and F co-doped inner cladding, and pure silica outer cladding. General characteristic equations for the Brillouin frequency shift were analytically derived and analyzed for various fiber parameters. In experiments, three-layered optical fibers were fabricated and their Brillouin frequency shifts were measured in the wavelength region of 1.55 μm by a pump-probe technique. The longitudinal acoustic velocity in each layer was found significantly affected by the thermal stress as well as the dopant concentrations. We confirmed both in theory and experiment that the inner cladding of a three-layered optical fiber does provide a new degree of freedom in precise control of the Brillouin frequency shift.
How to model planning and scheduling problems using constraint networks on timelines (2010)

Abstract The CNT framework ( Constraint Network on Timelines ) has been designed to model discrete event dynamic systems and the properties one knows, one wants to verify, or one wants to enforce on them. In this article, after a reminder about the CNT framework, we show its modeling power and its ability to support various modeling styles, coming from the planning, scheduling, and constraint programming communities. We do that by producing and comparing various models of two mission management problems in the aerospace domain: management of a team of unmanned air vehicles and of an Earth observing satellite.
Hypoxia Inactivates Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Mouse Macrophages by Disrupting Its Interaction with α-Actinin 4 (2003)

Nitric oxide, produced in macrophages by the high output isoform inducible NO synthase (iNOS), is associated with cytotoxic effects and modulation of Th1 inflammatory/immune responses. Ischemia and reperfusion lead to generation of high NO levels that contribute to irreversible tissue damage. Ischemia and reperfusion, as well as their in vitro simulation by hypoxia and reoxygenation, induce the expression of iNOS in macrophages. However, the molecular regulation of iNOS expression and activity in hypoxia and reoxygenation has hardly been studied. We show in this study that IFN-gamma induced iNOS protein expression (by 50-fold from control, p < 0.01) and nitrite accumulation (71.6 +/- 14 micro M, p < 0.01 relative to control), and that hypoxia inhibited NO production (7.6 +/- 1.7 micro M, p < 0.01) without altering iNOS protein expression. Only prolonged reoxygenation restored NO production, thus ruling out the possibility that lack of oxygen, as a substrate, was the cause of hypoxia-induced iNOS inactivation. Hypoxia did not change the ratio between iNOS monomers and dimers, which are essential for iNOS activity, but the dimers were unable to produce NO, despite the exogenous addition of all cofactors and oxygen. Using immunoprecipitation, mass spectroscopy, and confocal microscopy, we demonstrated in normoxia, but not in hypoxia, an interaction between iNOS and alpha-actinin 4, an adapter protein that anchors enzymes to the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, hypoxia caused displacement of iNOS from the submembranal zones. We suggest that the intracellular localization and interactions of iNOS with the cytoskeleton are crucial for its activity, and that hypoxia inactivates iNOS by disrupting these interactions.
Limits to low-latency communication on high-speed networks (1993)

The throughput of local area networks is rapidly increasing. For example, the bandwidth of new ATM networks and FDDI token rings is an order of magnitude greater than that of Ethernets. Other network technologies promise a bandwidth increase of yet another order of magnitude in several years. However, in distributed systems, lowered latency rather than increased throughput is often of primary concern. This paper examines the system-level effects of newer high-speed network technologies on low-latency, cross-machine communications. To evaluate a number of influences, both hardware and software, we designed and implemented a new remote procedure call system targeted at providing low latency. We then ported this system to several hardware platforms (DECstation and SPARCstation) with several different networks and controllers (ATM, FDDI, and Ethernet). Comparing these systems allows us to explore the performance impact of alternative designs in the communication system with respect to achieving low latency, e.g., the network, the network controller, the hose architecture and cache system, and the kernel and user-level runtime software. Our RPC system, which achieves substantially reduced call times (170 μseconds on an ATM network using DECstation 5000/200 hosts), allows us to isolate those components of next-generation networks and controllers that still stand in the way of low-latency communication. We demonstrate that new-generation processor technology and software design can reduce small-packet RPC times to near network-imposed limits, making network and controller design more crucial than ever to achieving truly low-latency communication.
<i>Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy's</i> Current Antiviral Agents FactFile 2006 (1st Edition) (2006)

The number of useful antiviral compounds is rapidly expanding. The current antiviral agents FactFile is a convenient key to the vital statistics of antiviral compounds to be used as an aide memoire when reading or writing antiviral literature. A mini-portrait is provided for each of the antiviral compounds. The minimum criteria for inclusion of new compounds in the FactFile is the granting of an investigational new drug application with the realistic potential for medical or veterinary application. Several compounds that were subsequently withdrawn from further development are also included because of their historical importance or particular interest. The compounds are listed alphabetically according to their generic names together with systematic chemical names, common names and chemical structures. The compounds are grouped by virus targets; thus, the list is sub-divided into inhibitors of DNA viruses, RNA viruses, and retroviruses. The authors welcome comments and suggestions to be incorporated in future editions of the FactFile.
Synthesis of 16-fluoroestrogens by unusually facile fluoride ion displacement reactions: prospects for the preparation of fluorine-18 labeled estrogens (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 16-fluoroestrogens by unusually facile fluoride ion displacement reactions: prospects for the preparation of fluorine-18 labeled estrogensDale O. Kiesewetter, John A. Katzenellenbogen, Michael R. Kilbourn, and Michael J. WelchCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 25, 4900–4905Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00199a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (821 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Aβ42-induced Increase in Neprilysin Is Associated with Prevention of Amyloid Plaque Formation in Vivo (2002)

Brain beta-amyloid plaques are principal targets for the development of treatments designed to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Intracranial injections of synthetic beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta(42)) in transgenic mice expressing the Alzheimer's disease-causing Swedish APP double mutations increased neuronal levels of neprilysin, a metalloendopeptidase that degrades Abeta(42) in vivo, on mRNA and protein level. This increase was associated with significant reductions in brain levels of Abeta and with almost complete prevention of amyloid plaque formation throughout the brain. In addition, astrogliosis normally associated with amyloidosis was significantly reduced. Our results suggest that up-regulation of neprilysin in brain may represent an opportunity to reduce or prevent amyloid plaque formation in vivo.
Three-tiered interest management for large-scale virtual environments (1998)

As virtual environments have grown in size, increasing attention is being brought to the issue of filtering data that is of no interest to a given client. This filtering is known as interest management. Typically, interest management is thought of as a one step process: data flows in from the network, and either is rejected or accepted.
Interaction between Sound and Flow in Acoustic Cavities: Mass, Momentum, and Energy Considerations (1964)

This paper investigates requirements for neutral acoustic stability in cavities with a transpiring wall where there is a mean flow in the absence of acoustic disturbances. The growth rates of the acoustic fields are also considered. The method of calculation utilizes time averages of the mass, momentum, and energy-conservation equations to second order in the acoustic-field quantities. It is found that growth rate and neutral stability may be expressed in terms of only first-order quantities. The results are shown to be in agreement with those calculated from first-order admittance considerations, but differ, in general, from those of Dyer, who uses a method of calculation similar to the present paper. The resolution of this conflict is discussed. The effect of mean flow is often of considerable importance, and the extent to which flow tends to excite or damp the acoustic field is related to mode configuration and flow-field geometry. Application to the problem of determining the acoustic response of burning rocket propellants is discussed.
Inducible lung-specific urokinase expression reduces fibrosis and mortality after lung injury in mice (2002)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)-deficient transgenic mice have improved survival and less fibrosis after intratracheal bleomycin instillation. We hypothesize that PAI-1 deficiency limits scarring through unopposed plasminogen activation. If this is indeed true, then we would expect increased urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) expression to result in a similar reduction in scarring and improvement in mortality. To test our hypothesis, using the tetracycline gene regulatory system, we have generated a transgenic mouse model with the features of inducible, lung-specific uPA production. After doxycycline administration, these transgenic animals expressed increased levels of uPA in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid that accelerated intrapulmonary fibrin clearance. Importantly, this increased plasminogen activator production led to a reduction in both lung collagen accumulation and mortality after bleomycin-induced injury. These results suggest that PAI-1 deficiency does protect against the effects of bleomycin-induced lung injury through unopposed plasmin generation. By allowing the manipulation of plasminogen activation at different phases of the fibrotic process, this model will serve as a powerful tool in further investigations into the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
Interleukin-12 Inhibits Graft-Versus-Host Disease Through an Fas-Mediated Mechanism Associated With Alterations in Donor T-Cell Activation and Expansion (1998)

We have recently made the paradoxical observation that a single injection of recombinant murine interleukin-12 (IL-12) on the day of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) inhibits graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in lethally irradiated mice receiving fully major histocompatability complex (MHC)-mismatched bone marrow and spleen cells. We have now examined the mechanism of this effect of IL-12 on acute GVHD. By day 4 post-BMT, IL-12-treated mice showed marked reductions in splenic donor CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells compared with GVHD controls. Expression of the early activation markers IL-2R alpha chain (CD25) and CD69 on splenic donor CD4(+) cells was considerably higher at early time points (36 and 72 hours post-BMT) in IL-12-treated mice compared with GVHD controls. However, the later, GVHD-associated increase in CD25 and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) expression on donor T cells was greatly depressed in IL-12-protected mice compared with GVHD controls. The marked GVHD-associated expansion of host-reactive T helper cells by day 4 was also completely inhibited in the IL-12-treated group. Expression of Fas was increased on donor CD4 cells of IL-12-treated mice compared with those of controls on days 3 through 7 post-BMT. Furthermore, the ability of IL-12 to protect against GVHD was at least partially dependent on the ability of donor cells to express functional Fas molecules. We conclude that IL-12 treatment at the time of BMT markedly perturbs the activation of alloreactive donor CD4(+) T cells that play a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD. We hypothesize that these perturbations culminate in Fas-dependent apoptosis of donor T cells, thus impeding their expansion and their GVHD-promoting activity.
Diffusion of charged micelles through charged microporous membranes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiffusion of charged micelles through charged microporous membranesKeith A. Johnson, G. B. Westermann-Clark, and D. O. ShahCite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 4, 932–938Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00088a009https://doi.org/10.1021/la00088a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ADHD 아동의 감각처리능력이 행동적 특성에 미치는 영향 (2009)

본 연구는 ADHD 아동들을 대상으로 감각처리능력이 그들의 행동특성에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다.
 첫째, ADHD 아동들의 감각처리능력이 아동특성에 따라 차이가 있는지 알아본 결과 ADHD 아동들은 감각처리에 어려움을 갖고 있으며, 학년이나 성별 등과 같은 개인변인에 따라서는...
Effect of nozzles on energy separation performance of vortex tube (2005)

A series of vortex tube nozzles were designed and fabricated,and the effect of various cross sections of nozzle and the number of the nozzle intakes on the energy separation performance of a vortex tube were investigated experimentally by using air as test fluid. The experimental results showed that the vortex tube with the nozzle cross section designed in this study was superior to that with the nozzles of normal rectangle cross section and that of Archimedes’ spiral type in terms of regeneration temperature performance under the condition of ambient temperature with inlet pressure of 0.4 MPa.The cooling performance of the vortex tube with four intakes nozzle was the best while that of the vortex tube with eight intakes nozzle was the worst under the same experimental condition.