gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PinterNet: A thematic label curation tool for large image datasets (2016)

Recent progress in big data and computer vision with deep learning models has gained a lot of attention. Deep learning has been performed on tasks such as image classification, object detection, image segmentation, image captioning, visual question and answering, using large collections of annotated images. This calls for more curated large image datasets with clearer descriptions, cleaner contents, and diversified usability. However, the curation and labeling of such datasets can be labor-intensive. In this paper, we present PinterNet, an algorithm for automatic curation and label generation from noisy textual descriptions, and also publish a big image dataset containing over 110K images automatically labeled with their themes. Our dataset is hierarchical in nature, it has high level category information which we refer as verticals with fine-grained thematic labels at lower level. This advocates a new type of hierarchical theme classification problem closer to human cognition and of business value. We provide benchmark performances using deep learning models based on AlexNet architecture with different pre-training schemes for this novel task and new data.
Integrative miRNA and Gene Expression Profiling Analysis of Human Quiescent Hepatic Stellate Cells (2015)

Unveiling the regulatory pathways maintaining hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in a quiescent (q) phenotype is essential to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat fibrogenic diseases. To uncover the miRNA-mRNA regulatory interactions in qHSCs, HSCs were FACS-sorted from healthy livers and activated HSCs (aHSCs) were generated in vitro. MiRNA Taqman array analysis showed HSCs expressed a low number of miRNAs (n = 259), from which 47 were down-regulated and 212 up-regulated upon activation. Computational integration of miRNA and gene expression profiles revealed that 66% of qHSC-associated miRNAs correlated with more than 6 altered target mRNAs (17,28 ± 10,7 targets/miRNA) whereas aHSC-associated miRNAs had an average of 1,49 targeted genes. Interestingly, interaction networks generated by miRNA-targeted genes in qHSCs were associated with key HSC activation processes. Next, selected miRNAs were validated in healthy and cirrhotic human livers and miR-192 was chosen for functional analysis. Down-regulation of miR-192 in HSCs was found to be an early event during fibrosis progression in mouse models of liver injury. Moreover, mimic assays for miR-192 in HSCs revealed its role in HSC activation, proliferation and migration. Together, these results uncover the importance of miRNAs in the maintenance of the qHSC phenotype and form the basis for understanding the regulatory networks in HSCs.
[On the classification of Actinomycetes. 6. Producers of macrolide antibiotics]. (1961)

The macrolide-antibiotics are discussed in respect to their chemistry and biology. The single substances are listed. An investigation and classification of the streptomycetes producing macrolides, is added; the single species are critically revised. Relations are established between the producers and their products.
EAP Tunneled TLS Authentication Protocol Version 1 (EAP-TTLSv1) (2006)

EAP-TTLS is an EAP type that utilizes TLS to establish a secure
connection between a client and server, through which additional
information may be exchanged. The initial TLS handshake may mutually
authenticate client and server; or it may perform a one-way
authentication, in which only the server is authenticated to the
client. The secure connection established by the initial handshake may
then be used to allow the server to authenticate the client using
existing, widely-deployed authentication infrastructures such as
RADIUS. The authentication of the client may itself be EAP, or it may
be another authentication protocol such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP or MS-
CHAP-V2. Thus, EAP-TTLS allows legacy password-based authentication
protocols to be used against existing authentication databases, while
protecting the security of these legacy protocols against
eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle and other cryptographic attacks.
EAP-TTLS also allows client and server to exchange other information
in addition to authentication-related information. This document
describes EAP-TTLSv1; that is, version 1 of the EAP- TTLS protocol. It
represents a significant enhancement to the original version 0 of the
protocol. EAP-TTLSv1 utilizes an extended version of TLS, called
TLS/IA (TLS/InnerApplication) as its underlying protocol [TLS/IA].
Stresses in thin film metallization (1997)

Stresses in conductors used in microelectronic interconnections are a critical processing and reliability issue. This work examines: 1) the temperature-dependent stress behavior of sputtered and electroplated silver and gold films on silicon substrates; 2) the use of wafer curvature using multiple substrates for the simultaneous determination of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and modulus for thin films. The stress-temperature behavior of gold films on gallium arsenide and aluminum substrates was measured to determine its CTE and modulus. It is shown that electroplated noble metal films have lower stresses than sputtered films, due to larger grain sizes.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with a Matrix of Carbon Nanotubes for the Analysis of Low-Mass Compounds in Environmental Samples (2005)

The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for environmental analysis has been mainlyfocused on qualitative analysis of high-mass molecules, such as toxins, humic acid, and microorganisms. Herein,we describe a novel MALDI-TOF-MS method with a matrix of oxidized carbon nanotubes for analysis of low-mass compounds in environmental samples. A number of chemicals in the environment were qualitatively analyzed by the present method, and it was found that most of them, especiallythe highly polar chemicals, were measurable with high sensitivity. With the intrinsic ability to measure high-mass chemicals, this method can compensate for the current shortage of methods for environmental analysis for the measurement of highly polar or high-mass chemicals. For sample analysis, arsenic speciation in Chinese traditional medicines was qualified and diphenylolpropane in water samples was quantified. With the relatively high tolerance of the method to interfering molecules, a simple pretreatment or even no pretreatment could be employed before MS detection. Furthermore, this method can be employed in a high-throughput format.
Mobile relay and group mobility for 4G WiMAX networks (2011)

Relay is one of the key features being considered for IMT-Advanced systems. The relay architectures defined in IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE-Advanced are optimized only for non-mobile relay, i.e., the Relay Station is attached to a designated Base Station and becomes a part of the fixed access network. A mobile relay architecture, where relay may switch attached BS according to operation demand, will promise more resilient relay deployment. In this paper, we first highlight three use cases where mobile relays can offer useful deployment options. Next, we propose an enhanced handover mechanism for relay-based group mobility by extending the IEEE 802.16m specification on relay. To this end, we describe the handover architecture for mobile relay highlighting the C-plane and U-plane enhancements required in order to support group mobility of mobile stations. Using illustration and comparisons, we show that mobile relay will offer significant benefits of signaling overhead reduction and provide users seamless mobility experience compared to fixed relays.
The <I>GPA </I>In Vivo Somatic Mutation Assay (2004)

The glycophorin A (GPA) assay concurrently detects and quantifies two types of erythrocytes with variant phenotypes at the autosomal locus responsible for the polymorphic MN blood group. It uses a pair of allele-specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry to analyze a standard population of 5 million cells efficiently. The two phenotypes detected are simple allele loss and allele loss followed by reduplication of the remaining allele; both are consistent with the mechanisms underlying "loss of heterozygosity" at tumor suppressor genes. The assay is an intermediate biomarker of biological effect, meaning that it integrates both exposure and biological response. It has been applied to populations with a known or suspected genotoxic exposure, to patients with hereditary syndromes causing predisposition to cancer (in which the assay has begun to be moved from validation mode to application), and to patients manifesting a disease endpoint, i.e., cancer.
High-brightness diode lasers with high d/Γ ratio obtained in asymmetric epitaxial strutures (2002)

High d/G allows high total emitted power and avoids high power density in the active QW layer where power induced degradation processes occur. d/G is scaled up to 0.84 micrometers in a series of four 7 nm thick single QW AlGaAs structures, designed for 810 nm wavelength. Two structures have an asymmetric design that includes an optical trap next to the active region. The optical trap captures a part of the total radiation flux and reduces the confinement factor. One of asymmetrical structures includes an optical wall built into the p cladding layer that further pushes the radiation flux toward the trap. Device lengths are inversely proportional to the confinement factor; therefore all lasers optimally operate at the same current density. All have approximately the same threshold current density equal to 250 A/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. For the 0.84 micrometers d/G case, the nominal length is 2.8 mm, the attenuation coefficient is 0.7 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> and the slope efficiency is 0.96 W/A. The thermal rollover maximum power is greater than 8 W/100micrometers .
Preparation of conductive polyaniline/epoxy composite (2006)

Abstract Conductive PANI (polyaniline)/epoxy composites were prepared by curing of the premix of PANI, which was synthesized in a multiple sulfonic acid system containing toluenesulfonic acid and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and epoxy resin with methyl tetrahydrogen phenyl anhydride/triethylamine. The effects of the loadings of the curing agent, the accelerants as well as their types, and the PANI on the conductivities of the composites were studied. With increasing loadings of curing agent, conductivities of the composites increased first and decreased then, which is a synergistic effect of the PANI loading and its doping states. Under relatively lower loading of accelerant, conductivities of the composites increased with increase of PANI loading, whereas with higher loading of accelerant, the conductivities were affected by both the PANI and the accelerant loadings. Conductivity as high as 3 × 10 −5 S/cm was achieved for curing of the composite containing 7.5 wt% of PANI and 4 wt% of accelerant at 80°C, which is suffice in application of electrostatic discharging. POLYM. COMPOS. 27:201–204, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Butadiene-Styrene Resinous Copolymers (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTButadiene-Styrene Resinous CopolymersJ. D. D'lanni, L. D. Hess, and W. C. MastCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 2, 319–324Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50494a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50494a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
FOXP3 Actively Represses Transcription by Recruiting the HAT/HDAC Complex (2007)

The Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) is a master cell lineage modulator in CD4(+)CD25(+) natural regulatory T cell (Treg) development. The Treg set of cells, also called T suppressor cells, play an essential role in natural Treg-mediated suppression of various types of immune cells. Suppression can be manifest by a cell-cell contact set of events, and recent evidence also supports soluble mediators. FOXP3 was previous identified as a passive transcriptional repressor which associates with nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, and calcineurin-dependent 2 (NFATc2) as well as several other transcriptional factors including nuclear factor kappa-B (NFkappaB) and acute myeloid leukemia 1(AML1)/runt-related transcription factor 1(RUNX1). We found FOXP3 could actively repress transcription by recruiting distinct histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases to function as a co-repressor complex. The identification of enzymatic factors operative as essential participants in FOXP3-mediated transcriptional repression provides a practical basis for therapeutically modulating the activity of FOXP3 in immune suppression. Here we briefly summarize recent progress in our understanding of the biochemistry of FOXP3-mediated transcriptional regulation.
Improving the accuracy of the wavelength-scanning technique for PMD measurements (2000)

An improvement of the wavelength-scanning polarization mode dispersion (PMD) measurement technique is presented. It consists in the evaluation of the level crossing density for three or more levels, instead of only one. Experimental results show that measurement uncertainty can be reduced more than 40%.
Design of reliable VLSI circuits using simulation techniques (1991)

An iterative simulation method of predicting the impact of progressive device degradation on circuit performance due to common microelectronic failure mechanisms is described. Simulation schemes for the lifetime prediction of ASICs as well as modeling requirements for accurate and efficient simulation are presented. These simulation schemes have been implemented in the prototype reliability simulator RELY to evaluate circuit performance degradation and provide reliability enhancement information. Hot-carrier effects on submicrometer digital and analog circuits are used to demonstrate the approach. Experimental results on precharging circuitry for sense amplifiers and operational amplifiers are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prediction of plasma-induced damage distribution during silicon nitride etching using advanced three-dimensional voxel model (2015)

The authors modeled SiN film etching with hydrofluorocarbon (CHxFy/Ar/O2) plasma considering physical (ion bombardment) and chemical reactions in detail, including the reactivity of radicals (C, F, O, N, and H), the area ratio of Si dangling bonds, the outflux of N and H, the dependence of the H/N ratio on the polymer layer, and generation of by-products (HCN, C2N2, NH, HF, OH, and CH, in addition to CO, CF2, SiF2, and SiF4) as ion assistance process parameters for the first time. The model was consistent with the measured C-F polymer layer thickness, etch rate, and selectivity dependence on process variation for SiN, SiO2, and Si film etching. To analyze the three-dimensional (3D) damage distribution affected by the etched profile, the authors developed an advanced 3D voxel model that can predict the time-evolution of the etched profile and damage distribution. The model includes some new concepts for gas transportation in the pattern using a fluid model and the property of voxels called “smart voxels,” which contain details of the history of the etching situation. Using this 3D model, the authors demonstrated metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor SiN side-wall etching that consisted of the main-etch step with CF4/Ar/O2 plasma and an over-etch step with CH3F/Ar/O2 plasma under the assumption of a realistic process and pattern size. A large amount of Si damage induced by irradiated hydrogen occurred in the source/drain region, a Si recess depth of 5 nm was generated, and the dislocated Si was distributed in a 10 nm deeper region than the Si recess, which was consistent with experimental data for a capacitively coupled plasma. An especially large amount of Si damage was also found at the bottom edge region of the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors. Furthermore, our simulation results for bulk fin-type field-effect transistor side-wall etching showed that the Si fin (source/drain region) was directly damaged by high energy hydrogen and had local variations in the damage distribution, which may lead to a shift in the threshold voltage and the off-state leakage current. Therefore, side-wall etching and ion implantation processes must be carefully designed by considering the Si damage distribution to achieve low damage and high transistor performance for complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor devices.
Lipophilic Dye Staining of<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>Extracellular Vesicles and Capsule (2009)

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that causes systemic mycosis in immunosuppressed individuals. Recent studies have determined that this fungus produces vesicles that are released to the extracellular environment both in vivo and in vitro. These vesicles contain assorted cargo that includes several molecules associated with virulence and implicated in host-pathogen interactions, such as capsular polysaccharides, laccase, urease, and other proteins. To date, visualization of extracellular vesicles has relied on transmission electron microscopy, a time-consuming technique. In this work we report the use of fluorescent membrane tracers to stain lipophilic structures in cryptococcal culture supernatants and capsules. Two dialkylcarbocyanine probes with different spectral characteristics were used to visualize purified vesicles by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Dual staining of vesicles with dialkylcarbocyanine and RNA-selective nucleic acid dyes suggested that a fraction of the vesicle population carried RNA. Use of these dyes to stain whole cells, however, was hampered by their possible direct binding to capsular polysaccharide. A fluorescent phospholipid was used as additional membrane tracer to stain whole cells, revealing punctate structures on the edge of the capsule which are consistent with vesicular trafficking. Lipophilic dyes provide new tools for the study of fungal extracellular vesicles and their content. The finding of hydrophobic regions in the capsule of C. neoformans adds to the growing evidence for a structurally complex structure composed of polysaccharide and nonpolysaccharide components.
A basic mathematical model of the immune response (1995)

Interaction of the immune system with a target population of, e.g., bacteria, viruses, antigens, or tumor cells must be considered as a dynamic process. We describe this process by a system of two ordinary differential equations. Although the model is strongly idealized it demonstrates how the combination of a few proposed nonlinear interaction rules between the immune system and its targets are able to generate a considerable variety of different kinds of immune responses, many of which are observed both experimentally and clinically. In particular, solutions of the model equations correspond to states described by immunologists as "virgin state," "immune state" and "state of tolerance." The model successfully replicates the so-called primary and secondary response. Moreover, it predicts the existence of a threshold level for the amount of pathogen germs or of transplanted tumor cells below which the host is able to eliminate the infectious organism or to reject the tumor graft. We also find a long time coexistence of targets and immune competent cells including damped and undamped oscillations of both. Plausibly the model explains that if the number of transformed cells or pathogens exeeds definable values (poor antigenicity, high reproduction rate) the immune system fails to keep the disease under control. On the other hand, the model predicts apparently paradoxical situations including an increased chance of target survival despite enhanced immune activity or therapeutically achieved target reduction. A further obviously paradoxical behavior consists of a positive effect for the patient up to a complete cure by adding an additional target challenge where the benefit of the additional targets depends strongly on the time point and on their amount. Under periodically pulsed stimulation the model may show a chaotic time behavior of both target growth and immune response. (c) 1995 American Institute of Physics.
Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine for severe disorders of consciousness after traumatic brain injury (2010)

Based on this open-label pilot study, continuous s.c. apomorphine infusion appears to be feasible, safe and potentially effective in improving consciousness in patients in VS and MCS due to severe TBI.
Low Voltage Counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the Detection of Australia Antigen (1973)

Abstract. The system described in this report is comprised of a low voltage power supply, cassettes containing buffered agar, electrodes (and a viewer). The rabbit anti‐HAA is balanced to detect reactions ranging from weak to prozone. In double‐blind studies, the test results agreed closely with the results obtained with specimens from hepatitis cases after antigen concentrations followed by double diffusion and also with the results of regular counterimmunoelectrophoresis in which blood donors had been studied. Antibody and antigenic variants can also be detected.
Fiberboards Based on Sugarcane Bagasse Lignin and Fibers (2006)

Abstract Summary: Fiberboards were prepared using phenolic type resins (phenol‐formaldehyde) and sugarcane bagasse fibers. Lignin extracted through an organosolv process from sugarcane bagasse was used as substitute of phenol in phenolic resins from 40 (lignin‐phenol‐formaldehyde) to 100 wt.‐% (lignin‐formaldehyde) substitution. Some of the fibers were chemically modified by oxidation with chlorine dioxide and treatment with furfuryl alcohol (FA), leading to fibers coated with polyfurfuryl alcohol. Thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) of the prepolymers allowed setting up an efficient curing to prepare fiberboards. Impact strength and water absorption were measured showing the importance of the curing pressure to obtain good performance. When chemically modified fibers were used to prepare board samples, enhanced durability against white root fungi is observed, and to a less degree against brown root fungi. Sugarcane bagasse fiberboards were prepared from prepolymers where lignin substituted phenol up to 100%. This replaces these materials in advantageous position, relating to those prepared from phenol‐formaldehyde resins, due to their high content of renewable raw materials. The results obtained are promising for the utilization of sugarcane bagasse as raw materials for preparing fiberboards to be used in tropical areas. Stabilization of sugarcane bagasse fiberboards made with unmodified and modified (ClO 2 + furfuryl alcohol) fibers and phenolic resin after 8 weeks exposure against fungi. magnified image Stabilization of sugarcane bagasse fiberboards made with unmodified and modified (ClO 2 + furfuryl alcohol) fibers and phenolic resin after 8 weeks exposure against fungi.