gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of Ribavirin and Viramidine by Adenosine Kinase and Cytosolic 5′-Nucleotidase II: Implications for Ribavirin Metabolism in Erythrocytes (2005)

Many nucleoside analog drugs, such as ribavirin and viramidine, are activated or metabolized in vivo through 5'-phosphorylation. In this report, we determined the steady-state kinetic parameters for 5'-monophosphorylation of ribavirin and viramidine by adenosine kinase. The apparent Km for ribavirin is 540 microM, and k(cat) is 1.8 min-1. Its catalytic efficiency of 3.3 x 10(-3) min-1 . microM-1 is 1,200-fold lower than that of adenosine. In contrast to the common belief that ribavirin is exclusively phosphorylated by adenosine kinase, cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II was found to catalyze ribavirin phosphorylation in vitro. The reaction is optimally stimulated by the physiological concentration of ATP or 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. In phosphate-buffered saline plus ATP and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, the apparent Km for ribavirin is 88 microM, and k(cat) is 4.0 min-1. These findings suggest that cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II may be involved in ribavirin phosphorylation in vivo. Like ribavirin, viramidine was found to be phosphorylated by either adenosine kinase or cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II, albeit with a much lower activity. The catalytic efficiency for viramidine phosphorylation is 10- to 330-fold lower than that of ribavirin, suggesting that other nucleoside kinase(s) may be involved in viramidine phosphorylation in vivo. Both ribavirin and viramidine are not phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase and uridine-cytidine kinase. The coincidence of presence of high concentrated 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes suggests that cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II could play an important role in phosphorylating ribavirin and contribute to anabolism of ribavirin triphosphate in erythrocytes. Elucidation of ribavirin and viramidine phosphorylation mechanism should shed light on their in vivo metabolism, especially the ribavirin-induced hemolytic anemia in erythrocytes.
New genera and species of Phalaenidae (Lepido-ptera) (1933)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Restoration of Wnt-7a Expression Reverses Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cellular Transformation through Frizzled-9-mediated Growth Inhibition and Promotion of Cell Differentiation (2005)

The Wnt signaling pathway is critical in normal development, and mutation of specific components is frequently observed in carcinomas of diverse origins. However, the potential involvement of this pathway in lung tumorigenesis has not been established. In this study, analysis of multiple Wnt mRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary lung tumors revealed markedly decreased Wnt-7a expression compared with normal short-term bronchial epithelial cell lines and normal uninvolved lung tissue. Wnt-7a transfection in NSCLC cell lines reversed cellular transformation, decreased anchorage-independent growth, and induced epithelial differentiation as demonstrated by soft agar and three-dimensional cell culture assays in a subset of the NSCLC cell lines. The action of Wnt-7a correlated with expression of the specific Wnt receptor Frizzled-9 (Fzd-9), and transfection of Fzd-9 into a Wnt-7a-insensitive NSCLC cell line established Wnt-7a sensitivity. Moreover, Wnt-7a was present in Fzd-9 immunoprecipitates, indicating a direct interaction of Wnt-7a and Fzd-9. In NSCLC cells, Wnt-7a and Fzd-9 induced both cadherin and Sprouty-4 expression and stimulated the JNK pathway, but not beta-catenin/T cell factor activity. In addition, transfection of gain-of-function JNK strongly inhibited anchorage-independent growth. Thus, this study demonstrates that Wnt-7a and Fzd-9 signaling through activation of the JNK pathway induces cadherin proteins and the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sprouty-4 and represents a novel tumor suppressor pathway in lung cancer that is required for maintenance of epithelial differentiation and inhibition of transformed cell growth in a subset of human NSCLCs.
Mutations in adenosine deaminase-like (ADAL) protein confer resistance to the antiproliferative agents N6-cyclopropyl-PMEDAP and GS-9219. (2013)

The ADAL protein plays an essential role in the intracellular activation of GS-9219 by catalyzing the deamination of cPrPMEDAP metabolite to PMEG. Mutations affecting the activity of ADAL confer resistance to both GS-9219 and its metabolite cPrPMEDAP.
Zeolite-coated mesh film for efficient oil–water separation (2012)

Oil–water separations are helping with urgent issues due to increasing industrial oily wastewater, as well as frequent oil spill accidents. Membrane-based materials with special wettability are desired to separate oils from water. However, fabrication of energy-efficient and stable membranes that are suitable for practical oil–water separation remains challenging. Zeolite films have attracted intense research interest due to their unique pore character, excellent chemical, thermal and mechanical stability, etc. Here we first demonstrate zeolite-coated mesh films for gravity-driven oil–water separation. High separation efficiency of various oils can be achieved based on the excellent superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity of the zeolite surface. Flux and intrusion pressure are tunable by simply changing the pore size, dependent on the crystallization time of the zeolite crystals, of the zeolite meshes. More importantly, such films are corrosion-resistant in the presence of corrosive media, which gives them promise as candidates in practical applications of oil–water separation.
The effective fraction isolated from Radix Astragali alleviates glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in db/db diabetic mice through its anti-inflammatory activity (2010)

These findings suggest that suppression of the inflammation pathways in macrophages represents a valid strategy for high-throughput screening of lead compounds with anti-diabetic and insulin sensitizing properties, and further support the etiological role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Oxidant-Induced Signaling: Effects of Peroxynitrite and Singlet Oxygen (2002)

Following the requirement for cells to cope with oxidative stress, there are cellular adaptation mechanisms at the level of gene expression. Much of what is known about oxidant-induced signaling in mammalian cells was found in experiments using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. However, since the biochemical reactivities of various oxidants significantly differ, 'oxidative stress' is not necessarily identical independent of the oxidant employed to bring it about. Here, the biological actions of peroxynitrite and singlet oxygen are presented, focusing on signaling effects. Peroxynitrite is generated in biological systems in the diffusion-controlled reaction of superoxide with nitrogen monoxide and is thus likely to be produced in the vicinity of activated macrophages. Singlet oxygen is generated by stimulated neutrophils in vivo and may further be generated photochemically, e.g. upon exposure of cells to ultraviolet A radiation. Exposure of cells to either of these oxidants elicits a cellular stress response, entailing the activation of signaling cascades that regulate proliferative and apoptotic responses, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades or the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt cascade. Two mechanisms for the oxidant-induced activation of a signaling cascade may be envisaged: (i) the indirect targeting of the cascade by interrupting negative regulation, and (ii) an activating oxidation of one of the constituting components of the cascade. Examples for both mechanisms in relation to peroxynitrite and singlet oxygen are discussed.
Cloning, characterization, and DNA sequence of a human cDNA encoding neuropeptide tyrosine. (1984)

In vitro translation of the RNA isolated from a human pheochromocytoma demonstrated that this tumor contained a mRNA encoding a 10.5-kDa protein, which was immunoprecipitated with antiserum raised against porcine neuropeptide Y. Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from total RNA and inserted into the Pst I site of pUC8. Transformants containing the neuropeptide Y cDNA were identified using the mixed hybridization probe d[A-(A,G)-(A,G)-T-T-(A,G,T)-A-T-(A,G)-T-A-(A,G)-T-G]. The probe sequences were based on the known amino acid sequence, His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu, found in porcine neuropeptide Y. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was determined and contained 86 and 174 bases in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions, respectively. The coding sequence consisted of 291 bases, suggesting a precursor to neuropeptide Y that was 97 amino acids long (10,839 Da). The deduced amino acid sequence of the precursor suggested that there were at least two sites of proteolytic processing, which would generate three peptides having 28 (signal peptide), 36 (human neuropeptide Y), and 30 (COOH-terminal peptide) amino acid residues. A partial NH2-terminal sequence obtained by Edman degradation of the immunoprecipitated in vitro translation product identified the positions of methionine and leucine in the first 30 residues of the prepropeptide. A highly sensitive single-stranded complementary mRNA hybridization probe specific for neuropeptide Y mRNA was prepared using the bacteriophage SP6 promoter. This probe was used to identify a mRNA corresponding to neuropeptide Y of approximately 800 bases.
Generating imagery for forecasting terror threats (2006)

Abstract : Maps indicating threat levels based on key feature proximity and incorporating event location uncertainty are useful for planning countermeasures in the war on terrorism. Intelligence analysts and military planners need predictions about likely terrorist targets to better plan the deployment of security forces and sensing equipment. The authors have addressed this need using Gaussian-based forecasting and uncertainty modeling. Their approach excels at indicating the highest threats expected for each point along a travel path and for a global war on terrorism mission. It also excels at identifying the greatest-likelihood collection areas that would be used to observe a target. Their methods are extensions of Donald Brown's work on geospatial analysis and asymmetric-threat forecasting in the urban environment. He showed how to extract distinct signatures from associations made between historical event information and contextual information sources such as geospatial and temporal political databases. The authors have augmented this method to include uncertainty estimates associated with historical events and geospatial information layers.
Low-refractive-index indium–tin–oxyfluoride thin films made by high-rate reactive dc magnetron sputtering (1988)

Indium-tin-oxyfluoride (ITOF) films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering of indium-tin in Ar + O(2) + CF(4). Spectrophotometric measurements in the 0.2-2.5-microm wavelength range were used to evaluate the dielectric function. Wide band gap ITOF, with a refractive index of ~1.5 in the visible and good durability, was produced at a rate of ~1.2 nms(-1). indium-tin-oxide coatings.
Preparation and Characterization of Ni Ferrite Powders by Urea Decomposition (2002)

The effects of process parameters such as concentration ratio of urea and nickel(II) iron(II, III) salt solutions, period of aging and the pH of the solution on the synthesis of Ni ferrite from aqueous solutions by decomposition of urea was investigated to develop ferrite-containing porous ceramic fiber materials. The XRD patterns of the precipitation showed that at pH value lower than six both akagenite (β-FeOOH) and Ni ferrites were formed simultaneously. At pH above six, Ni ferrite single phase could be obtained. The precipitates heat treated at 300 °C under nitrogen atmosphere result in a fine powder with BET areas ranging from 8.9 to 22.8 m2 g—1. The morphology of Ni ferrite shows agglomerates of spherical particles ranging in the size 50–200 nm.
Effective Passivation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by ALD-Grown AlN Thin Film (2012)

An effective passivation technique for AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) is presented. This technique features an AlN thin film grown by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). With in situ remote plasma pretreatments prior to the AlN deposition, an atomically sharp interface between ALD-AlN and III-nitride has been obtained. Significant current collapse suppression and dynamic ON-resistance reduction are demonstrated in the ALD-AlN-passivated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs under high-drain-bias switching conditions.
Asynchronous Online Peer Written Corrective Feedback (2015)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether there is any statistically significant difference between the effects of asynchronous online peer WCF through blogging and face-to-face peer WCF on the writing achievement of Iranian EFL learners. The study also investigated the extent to which students revise their writings based on peer comments provided. This study also measured the attitude of students towards peer WCF through blogging as compared with that of the participants receiving face-to-face peer WCF. The findings indicated that there is no statistically significant difference between the effects of face-to-face and asynchronous online peer WCF on the writing achievement of the Iranian EFL learners. In terms of the extent of incorporating the peer comments in their final drafts, the participants in the FF group incorporated more of the comments they received into their second drafts in comparison with the OL group. Finally, it was revealed that the participants of each group generally expressed their satisfaction with both methods of peer review.
Ion Transport by Pulmonary Epithelia (2011)

The lung surface of air-breathing vertebrates is formed by a continuous epithelium that is covered by a fluid layer. In the airways, this epithelium is largely pseudostratified consisting of diverse cell types such as ciliated cells, goblet cells, and undifferentiated basal cells, whereas the alveolar epithelium consists of alveolar type I and alveolar type II cells. Regulation and maintenance of the volume and viscosity of the fluid layer covering the epithelium is one of the most important functions of the epithelial barrier that forms the outer surface area of the lungs. Therefore, the epithelial cells are equipped with a wide variety of ion transport proteins, among which Na⁺, Cl⁻, and K⁺ channels have been identified to play a role in the regulation of the fluid layer. Malfunctions of pulmonary epithelial ion transport processes and, thus, impairment of the liquid balance in our lungs is associated with severe diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and pulmonary oedema. Due to the important role of pulmonary epithelial ion transport processes for proper lung function, the present paper summarizes the recent findings about composition, function, and ion transport properties of the airway epithelium as well as of the alveolar epithelium.
Towards Individualized Tracheobronchial Stents: Technical, Practical and Legal Considerations (2017)

Stent placement has been established as a standard procedure for treating airway obstructions. Other indications are localized malacias and fistulas. Though many different stents with various diameters and lengths are available, the shapes are hardly ever ideal because of the distorted anatomy in patients with diseased airways. There are technical and legal limitations for customizing purchased airway stents. Individually tailored stents would be preferable. New techniques of additive manufacturing such as 3D printing make it possible to produce optimized stents for a particular patient. Using CT data and bronchoscopic images, stents can be constructed that match a particular anatomical situation and apply the optimized expansion force. We give an overview of the currently available manufacturing techniques for polymeric stents and report about our own experience. Direct on-site printing of polyurethane stents in a hospital and printing individual extrusion molds for silicone stents in a certified cleanroom are both feasible. Furthermore, there are promising attempts of combining mechanically customized stents with surface modifications, drug-eluting features, biodegradability, and time-dependent adaptation (4D printing). Truly optimized airway stents with the potential of solving the well-known stent problems such as granulation tissue formation, remodeling, mucostasis, and infections are in reach. The technical hurdles are probably easier to overcome than the legal constraints. The legal situations are discussed from a physician's and a manufacturer's perspective.
Transgenic Models of Tauopathies and Synucleinopathies (1999)

Rapidly emerging concepts about the pathobiology and defining phenotypes of two major classes of neurodegenerative disease known as tauopathies and synucleinopathies are bringing these diseases into shaper focus. Significantly, recent research has substantially advanced understanding of these neurodegenerative disorders thereby providing fresh opportunities for the development of transgenic (TG) mouse models. Since the availability of such animal models will accelerate efforts to discover more effective therapies, we review the current status of efforts to generate informative TG mouse models for tauopathies and synucleinopathies and other neurodegenerative disorders characterized by prominent filamentous brain lesions.
A volumeter for breads prepared from 10 grams of flour. (1991)

A displacement volumeter is described for bread loaves prepared from 10 g of flour. Standard deviations of loaf volume measurements by the instrument were significantly lower than those by a procedure published earlier. Other advantages of the new apparatus are that it is a closed system and that volume readings take significantly less time than with the method previously described. With the new volumeter and glass beads of 2 mm diameter, three independent readings gave a reasonable power to discriminate between items that differ in volume by at least 1 cm3.
Workflow-Aware Automatic Fault Diagnosis for Microservice-Based Applications With Statistics (2020)

Microservice architectures bring many benefits, e.g., faster delivery, improved scalability, and greater autonomy, so they are widely adopted to develop and operate Internet-based applications. How to effectively diagnose the faults of applications with lots of dynamic microservices has become a key to guarantee applications' performance and reliability. As a microservice performs various behaviors in different workflows of processing requests, existing approaches often cannot accurately locate the root cause of an application with interactive microservices in a dynamic deployment environment. We propose a workflow-aware automatic fault diagnosis approach for microservice-based applications with statistics. We characterize traces across microservices with calling trees, and then learn trace patterns as baselines. For the faults affecting the workflows of processing requests, we estimate the workflows' anomaly degrees, and then locate the microservices causing anomalies by comparing the difference between current traces and learned baselines with tree edit distance. For performance anomalies causing significantly increased response time, we employ principal component analysis to extract suspicious microservices with large fluctuation in response time. Finally, we evaluate our approach on three typical microservice-based applications with a series of experiments. The results show that our approach can accurately locate the microservices causing anomalies.
10 Gb/s Mach-Zehnder modulator integrated with widely-tunable sampled grating DBR laser (2004)

We report on a sampled grating DBR laser monolithically integrated with a Mach-Zehnder modulator and a semiconductor optical amplifier. Transmission over 100 km of standard fiber at 10 Gb/s is demonstrated across 30 nm tuning range.
Virtual Try-On : Topics in Realistic, Individualized Dressing in Virtual Reality (2004)

In the course of the project Virtual Try-On new VR technologies have been developed, which form the basis for a realistic, three dimensional, (real-time) simulation and visualization of individualized garments put on by virtual counterparts of real customers. To provide this cloning and dressing of people in VR, a complete process chain is being build up starting with the touch-less 3-dimensional scanning of the human body up to a photo-realistic 3-dimensional presentation of the virtual customer dressed in the chosen pieces of clothing. The emerging platform for interactive selection and configuration of virtual garments, the "virtual shop", will be accessible in real fashion boutiques as well as over the internet, thereby supplementing the conventional distribution channels.
A Multi-disciplinary Medical Treatment Decision Support System with intelligent treatment recommendation (2016)

In order to decide a medical treatment plan for a patient, experts from different disciplines should come together to discuss. This process is often time-consuming and organized in an inefficient way. A multi-disciplinary medical treatment decision support system is proposed and developed in order to speed up this process. Specifically, this system can recommend treatment plan according to a patient's clinical information. It is based on k-NN algorithm to learn the appropriate treatment from a patient database. The system structure together with the recommendation approach is introduced. The experimental results are also presented, which show the availability and good performance of this recommendation approach.
Inhibition of DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by aminocoumarin antibiotics (2011)

The study provides insights about the substituents that are important for the inhibitory activity of aminocoumarins against the target enzymes, which will facilitate the rational design of improved antibiotics.