gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Anti-inflammatory Agents. V. Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 3-(Difluoromethyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl)pyrazole and Related Compounds. (1997)

A series of novel 1,5-diphenylpyrazole derivatives bearing hydrophilic substituents was prepared. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of these compounds were evaluated by using the adjuvant arthritis and Randall-Selitto assays in rats, and the structure-activity relationships were studied. The optimal compound was 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-[4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl]pyraz ole (10) with oral ED50 values of 0.31 and 2.6 mg/kg on adjuvant-induced arthritis and carrageenin-induced foot edema, respectively. Compound 10 showed analgesic activities not only toward inflamed paw but also toward normal paw (ED30 = 0.55 and 1.8 mg/kg, respectively) in the Randall-Selitto assay, and moreover, 10 was effective in the tail-pinch assay (ED50 = 21 mg/kg) similarly to morphine. The asymmetric synthesis and pharmacological properties of the enantiomers of 10 are also reported.
Polymeric micro-filter manufactured by a dissolving mold technique (2010)

For filtration applications, we developed a process involving a 'dissolving mold technique' to fabricate polymeric filter membranes which have high aspect ratio pores with narrow pore size distribution. The dissolving mold technique has some advantages over the existing membrane microfabrication methods. Firstly, it resolves thoroughly the demolding problem by dissolving an interim polymer pillar mold, and secondly, it solves the membrane-folding (curling) problem upon releasing the membrane from the mold by integrating a support mesh bonding layer before dissolving of the interim pillar mold. This process is capable of fabricating filter membranes having micrometer and potentially nanometer pore sizes. The fabricated membranes have good mechanical properties, high porosity, smooth surface and uniform pore size distribution.
Leukocyte adhesion molecules (1995)

The last few years have seen an enormous expansion of knowledge regarding the role of cell surface adhesion molecules in biological processes. This article discusses the contribution that adhesion molecules make to the traffic of leukocytes into and within synovium and to the capacity of leukocytes to perform their specialised functions. Because of their importance in cellular interactions, adhesion molecules represent a major potential target for antiinflammatory therapy in rheumatoid and other inflammatory arthritides.
Induction of Keratinocyte Growth Factor 1 Expression by Lipopolysaccharide Is Regulated by CD-14 and Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 (2002)

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that is associated with increased concentrations of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and epithelial cell proliferation. Regulation of this proliferation is poorly understood but is most likely controlled by locally expressed growth factors. Keratinocyte growth factor 1, an epithelium-specific growth factor, is expressed by gingival fibroblasts, and its expression is regulated in a concentration-dependent manner by lipopolysaccharide. In this study, induction of keratinocyte growth factor 1 protein expression was dependent on gingival fibroblast expression of membrane CD14 (mCD14) and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli and Porphyromonas gingivalis induced membrane expression of CD14 at 1, 3, and 24 h. Specifically, lipopolysaccharide induced low mCD14 expression gingival fibroblasts to express mCD14 at a level consistent with that of high mCD14 expression cells. Functional studies with specific blocking antibodies for CD14 and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 implicated all of these molecules in signal transduction. The rapid decrease in cell membrane expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 after treatment with lipopolysaccharide was consistent with receptor internalization, and blocking of either of these receptors completely inhibited keratinocyte growth factor 1 protein expression. The transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB were involved in lipopolysaccharide induction of keratinocyte growth factor 1 mRNA and protein expression. These results suggest that lipopolysaccharide may induce proliferation of periodontal epithelial cells by upregulating keratinocyte growth factor 1 expression via the CD14 and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
Cell membrane electroporation-Part 2: the applications (2013)

Electroporation can be used as a tool for extracting or introducing molecules from or into a cell. The most important and promising applications of electroporation in medicine and biotechnology are described.
Synergistic interactions of the Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines involve disruption of Akt and c-raf signalling (2005)

4200 Background: 17-allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) inhibits the chape-roning action of heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and promotes the proteasomal degradation of multiple oncogenic signalling molecules such as EGFR and Akt. 17AAG has shown promising growth inhibition in a variety of cancer cell lines and xenografts and is currently in clinical development. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells rely on multiple genetic abnormalities for their survival. Thus, on the basis of combinatorial attack of multiple targets by Hsp90 inhibitors the effects of 17AAG on human NSCLC cell lines were investigated. Methods and Results: Exposure of H1792, H292, H596, H1299, A549, H460 and H157 cells to 17AAG resulted in dose and time dependent inhibition of proliferation exhibiting IC50 (inhibitory concentration) values for cell viability at 72 h that ranged from 1.07 ± 0.28 to 7.87 ± 1.27 uM (Mean ± SE) as measured by MTT assays. In A549 and H157 cells flowcytometry revealed 17AAG-induced G1 cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis and immunoblot analysis showed a decline in c-raf and Akt expression levels. Since Akt is a central effector of NSCLC cell proliferation and survival we reasoned that dual targeting of Akt signalling by exposure of A549 and H157 cells to 17AAG plus LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, would enhance the 17AAG-induced effects. Indeed, isobologram analysis and calculation of the combination indices (CI) at the IC50 level demonstrated highly synergistic interactions. The combination enhanced 17AAG-induced cell cycle and proapoptotic effects as evidenced by both flowcytometry and immunoblot analysis of relevant proteins and led to a further decline in Akt and c-raf signalling. Inducible expression of a constitutively active gag-Akt construct introduced in H1299 cells attenuated but did not completely abolish the observed synergism. Moreover, dowregulation of c-raf signalling by combined treatment with 17AAG plus U0126, a MEK inhibitor produced synergistic antiproliferative effects in A549 and H157 cell lines. Enhancement of 17AAG-induced cell cycle effects was shown in both cell lines, whereas potentiation of proapoptotic effects was only evident in A549 cells that exhibited a decline in Akt activation along with the downregulation in c-raf signalling. Conclusions: Taken together the above findings demonstrate that the efficacy of 17AAG against lung cancer cell lines can be potentiated by the combination with either a PI3K or a MEK inhibitor and that the synergism between 17AAG and LY294002 is mediated through concurrent interference with at least Akt and c-raf signalling. The information obtained from the present study could have direct applications in the management of NSCLC (supported by NCI P50 CA97007).
Role of IAC in large space systems thermal analysis (1982)

Computer analysis programs to evaluate critical coupling effects that can significantly influence spacecraft system performance are described. These coupling effects arise from the varied parameters of the spacecraft systems, environments, and forcing functions associated with disciplines such as thermal, structures, and controls. Adverse effects can be expected to significantly impact system design aspects such as structural integrity, controllability, and mission performance. One such needed design analysis capability is a software system that can integrate individual discipline computer codes into a highly user-oriented/interactive-graphics-based analysis capability. The integrated analysis capability (IAC) system can be viewed as: a core framework system which serves as an integrating base whereby users can readily add desired analysis modules and as a self-contained interdisciplinary system analysis capability having a specific set of fully integrated multidisciplinary analysis programs that deal with the coupling of thermal, structures, controls, antenna radiation performance, and instrument optical performance disciplines.
Security Risk Management: Knowing the Unknown When Managing Risk (2006)

There are four different types of knowns that help in the determination and addressing of risk in the law firms. The various measures that can be incorporated for shifting quadrants in the matrix of competitive intelligence are also described.
A context-aware do-not-disturb service for mobile devices (2014)

Modern sensor-equipped smartphones have attracted significant research interest in the pervasive community for recognizing and creating context-aware applications at a personal or community scale level. In this paper, we propose a proof of concept Do-Not-Disturb (DND) service that can a) determine a user's context relevant for DND service from the built-in smartphone sensors and b) correctly predict the DND status based on the given context such as being in a meeting, sleeping, or working at the office. In this preliminary study, we investigate whether sensor data can be clustered to represent user contexts. We use standard machine learning techniques to learn the relationship between a user's context and the corresponding DND status (available or unavailable). Given a user's current context, the DND service predicts a DND status and configures the mobile device accordingly. Our preliminary experiment demonstrates that the proposed system can achieve a prediction accuracy of up to 90% when trained with sufficient data.
SNOW - A new stream cipher (2000)

In this paper a new word-oriented stream cipher, called SNOW, is proposed. The design of the cipher is quite simple, consisting of a linear feedback shift register, feeding a finite state machine. The design goals of producing a stream cipher significantly faster than AES, with significantly lower implementation costs in hardware, and a security level similar to AES is currently met. Our fastest C implementation requires under 1 clock cycle per running key bit. The best attacks are generic attacks like an exhaustive key search attack.
Automatic refactoring of Erlang programs (2009)

This paper describes the design goals and current status of tidier, a software tool that tidies Erlang source code, making it cleaner, simpler, and often also more efficient. In contrast to other refactoring tools, tidier is completely automatic and is not tied to any particular editor or IDE. Instead, tidier comes with a suite of code transformations that can be selected by its user via command-line options and applied in bulk on a set of modules or entire applications using a simple command. Alternatively, users can use tidier's GUI to inspect one by one the transformations that will be performed on their code and manually select only those that they fancy. We have used tidier to clean up various applications of Erlang/OTP and have tested it on many open source Erlang code bases of significant size. We briefly report our experiences and show opportunities for tidier's current set of transformations on existing Erlang code out there. As a by-product, our paper also documents what we believe are good coding practices in Erlang. Last but not least, our paper describes in detail the automatic code cleanup methodology we advocate and a set of refactorings which are general enough to be applied, as is or with only small modifications, to the source code of programs written in Haskell or Clean and possibly even in non-functional languages.
Long-Range Guanine Oxidation in DNA Restriction Fragments by a Triplex-Directed Naphthalene Diimide Intercalator (2000)

Naphthalene diimide (NDI), a powerful oxidant that binds avidly to DNA by intercalation, is seen to damage the 5' guanine of 5'-GG-3' sites by photoactivated charge transport through DNA. When covalently tethered to the center of a triplex-forming oligonucleotide and delivered by triplex formation within a pyrimidine.purine-pyrimidine motif to a specific site on a restriction fragment, NDI can photooxidize guanine over at least 25-38 bp in each direction from the site of binding. Charge migration occurs in both directions from the NDI intercalator and on both DNA strands of the target, but the oxidation is significantly more efficient to the 3' side of the triplex. NDI and octahedral rhodium intercalators, when tethered directly to the 5' terminus of the triplex-forming strand as opposed to the center, generate significant amounts of oxidative damage only in the immediate vicinity of the intercalation site. Given that long-range charge transport depends on DNA stacking, these results suggest that the base stack is distorted at the 5' end of the triplex region in the duplex-triplex junction. Targeting of photooxidative damage by triplex formation extends our previous studies of long-range charge transport to significantly longer DNA sequences through a strategy that does not require covalent attachment of the photooxidant to the DNA being probed. Moreover, triplex targeting of oxidative damage provides for the first time a typical distance distribution for genomic charge transport of approximately 200 A around the oxidant.
Whole-Blood Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism: A Simplified Method by Microwave Irradiation (2009)

The presented method proved to be a simpler and cheaper way of processing whole-blood samples for PCR and RFLP analyses.
Channel width dependence of hot-carrier induced degradation in shallow trench isolated PMOSFETs (1999)

Channel width dependence of the hot-carrier induced degradation in pMOSFETs with a shallow trench isolation structure is investigated. Enhanced degradation is observed in a narrow channel width device. The narrow width device shows large electron trapping efficiency of the gate oxide film though the gate current is smaller than the wide width device. The mechanical stress caused by shallow trench isolation may be responsible for this phenomenon.
Wnt Signaling Promotes Müller Cell Proliferation and Survival after Injury (2012)

The Wnt pathway is activated by retinal injury, and prolonging the endogenous Wnt signal causes a subset of Müller cells to proliferate and dedifferentiate into RPCs. These data raised the possibility that transient amplification of Wnt signaling after retinal damage may unlock the latent regenerative capacity long speculated to reside in mammalian neural tissues.
Slap Negatively Regulates Src Mitogenic Function but Does Not Revert Src-Induced Cell Morphology Changes (2000)

Src-like adapter protein (Slap) is a recently identified protein that negatively regulates mitogenesis in murine fibroblasts (S. Roche, G. Alonso, A. Kazlausakas, V. M. Dixit, S. A. Courtneidge, and A. Pandey, Curr. Biol. 8:975-978, 1998) and comprises an SH3 and SH2 domain with striking identity to the corresponding Src domains. In light of this, we sought to investigate whether Slap could be an antagonist of all Src functions. Like Src, Slap was found to be myristylated in vivo and largely colocalized with Src when coexpressed in Cos7 cells. Microinjection of a Slap-expressing construct into quiescent NIH 3T3 cells inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced DNA synthesis, and the inhibition was rescued by the transcription factor c-Myc but not by c-Jun/c-Fos expression. Fyn (or Src) overexpression overrides the G(1)/S block induced by both SrcK- and a Slap mutant with a deletion of its C terminus (SlapDeltaC), but not the block induced by Slap or SlapDeltaSH3, implying that the C terminus is a noncompetitive inhibitor of Src mitogenic function. Furthermore, a chimeric adapter comprising SrcDeltaK fused to the Slap C terminus (Src/SlapC) also inhibited Src function during the PDGF response in a noncompetitive manner, as Src coexpression could not rescue PDGF signaling. Slap, however, did not reverse deregulated Src-induced cell transformation, as it was unable to inhibit depolymerization of actin stress fibers while still being able to inhibit SrcY527F-induced DNA synthesis. This was attributed to a distinct Slap SH3 binding specificity, since the chimeric Slap/SrcSH3 molecule, in which the Slap SH3 was replaced by the Src SH3 sequence, substantially restored stress fiber formation. Indeed, three amino acids important for ligand binding in Src SH3 were replaced in the Slap SH3 sequence; Slap SH3 did not bind to the Src SH3 partners p85alpha, Shc, and Sam68 in vitro, and the chimeric tyrosine kinase Slap/SrcK, composed of SlapDeltaC fused to the SH2 linker kinase sequence of Src, was not regulated in vivo. Furthermore, the Src SH3 domain is required for signaling during mitogenesis and since Slap/SrcK behaved as a dominant negative in the PDGF mitogenic response when microinjected into quiescent fibroblasts. We conclude that Slap is a negative regulator of Src during mitogenesis involving both the SH2 and the C terminus domains in a noncompetitive manner, but it does not regulate all Src function due to specific SH3 binding substrates.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α-induced Phosphorylation of RelA/p65 on Ser529 Is Controlled by Casein Kinase II (2000)

Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)/Rel transcription factors are key regulators of a variety of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses, growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and development. In unstimulated cells, NF-kappaB/Rel proteins are sequestered in the cytoplasm by IkappaB inhibitor proteins. Many extracellular stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), cause rapid phosphorylation of IkappaB at N-terminal serine residues leading to ubiquitination and degradation of the inhibitor. Subsequently, NF-kappaB proteins translocate to the nucleus and activate gene expression through kappaB response elements. TNFalpha, as well as certain other stimuli, also induces the phosphorylation of the NF-kappaB proteins. Previously, we have shown that TNFalpha induces RelA/p65 phosphorylation at serine 529 and that this inducible phosphorylation increases NF-kappaB transcriptional activity on an exogenously supplied reporter (). In this report, we demonstrate that casein kinase II (CKII) interacts with p65 in vivo and can phosphorylate p65 at serine 529 in vitro. A CKII inhibitor (PD144795) inhibited TNFalpha-induced p65 phosphorylation in vivo. Furthermore, our results indicate that the association between IkappaBalpha and p65 inhibits p65 phosphorylation by CKII and that degradation of IkappaBalpha allows CKII to phosphorylate p65 to increase NF-kappaB transactivation potential. These data may explain the ability of CKII to modulate cell growth and demonstrate a mechanism whereby CKII can function in an inducible manner.
Enzyme Production of Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 on Various Lignocellulosic Substrates (2000)

Economical production of cellulase enzyme is key for feasible bioethanol production from lignocellulosics using an enzyme-based process. On-site cellulase production can be more feasible with the process of separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) than with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, since the cost of enzyme is more important and a variety of substrates are available for the SHF process. Cellulase production using various biomass substrates available for SHF, including paper sludge, pretreated wood (steam exploded), and their hydrolysis residues, was investigated in shake flasks and a fermenter for their productivities and titers. Among the newspaper sludge, office paper sludge, and steam-exploded woods treated in various ways, the steam-exploded wood showed the best properties for substrate in cellulase production. The best titer of 4.29 IU/mL was obtained using exploded wood of 2% (w/v) slurry in the shake flask, and the titer with the same substrate was duplicated to about 4.30 IU/mL in a 3.7-L fermenter. Also, the yield of enzyme reached 215 IU/g of substrate or 363 IU/g of cellulose. Despite various pretreatment attempts, newspaper and office paper substrate was inferior to the exploded-wood substrate for cellulase production. However, hydrolysis residues of papers showed quite promising results. The hydrolysis residue of office paper produced 2.48 IU/mL of cellulase in 7 d. Hence, the utilization of hydrolysis residues for cellulase production will be further investigated in the future.
Optimized User Revocation for Group Signature Based Privacy-Aware PKI (2008)

Privacy-aware Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) can maintain user access control and yet protect user privacy, which is important for many applications. The applicability of privacy-aware PKI highly relies on the performance of user revocation. The requirements of user revocation are various in general, such as subscription expiration, violation of access policy, group changing, and key exposure. To satisfy different requirements, multiple revocation approaches may interact each other. In this paper, we study how to achieve optimized user revocation cost with respect to various revocation approaches. We also propose a practical scheme Delta-RL that can fulfill an optimal overall performance on the base of extensive analysis.
Three-dimensional graphene materials: preparation, structures and application in supercapacitors (2014)

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene materials (3DGMs) are of great importance due to their unique properties and practical applications. A number of 3DGMs with novel structures have been developed in recent years. This review presents the current progress of 3DGMs. After introducing the preparation strategies of 3DGMs, we summarize the reported 3DGMs based on their different structures, and then focus on the description of their preparation methods, properties and applications. Lastly, the applications of 3D graphene-based materials in supercapacitors are described.
Application of arrays in the detection, location, and identification of seismic events (1982)

Problems of detection, location, and identification of weak seismic events with a view toward a comprehensive test ban treaty have formed the main motivation for array deployment and associated research. In the past 15 yr, the large arrays LASA and NORSAR have been the main tools for this type of research. The event detection capability of arrays has proved superior to that of single stations, but event locations, while readily available, are seldom very accurate (error < 50 km) without supplementary information. The implied two-dimensional wave field sampling provided by arrays has been instrumental in understanding phenomena like the ambient seismic noise field, the extent of mantle heterogeneities, and their effect on short-period wave propagation. It is somewhat unfortunate that, due to limitations in handling the enormous amount of data involved, only a relatively small number of seismologists has had access to the high-quality array recordings; recent advances in computer technology might eliminate such problems in the near future. New technology also makes possible a new trend in array seismology, involving on the one hand world-wide deployment of small- and medium-sized arrays, and on the other hand opening up for applying array processing techniques to a global network of such stations. This paper gives an overview of past and present developments of array technology, and the associated seismological achievements. Emphasis is placed on the role of arrays in a potential comprehensive test ban treaty environment and on likely future developments in this particular field.