gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene switching in myogenesis: differential expression of the chicken actin multigene family (1981)

We described the construction of an alpha-actin complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) clone, pAC269 [Schwartz, R. J., Haron, J. A., Rothblum, K. N., & Dugaiczyk, A. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 5883], that was used as a hybridization probe in the current investigation to examine the induction of actin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) during myogenesis. A Tm difference of 10-13 degrees C between skeletal muscle alpha-actin and nonmuscle beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs and pAC269 allowed us to establish the highly stringent hybridization conditions necessary to measure separately the content of alpha-actin mRNA and beta- and gamma-actin mRNA during muscle development in culture. We observed low levels of alpha-actin mRNA (approximately 130 molecules/cell) in replicating prefusion myoblasts. The vast majority of actin mRNA (2000 molecules/cell) present at this stage was accounted for by beta- and gamma-actin mRNA. Beginning at myoblast fusion, alpha-actin mRNA accumulated and within 30 h reached a level 270-fold greater than that observed in the undifferentiated state. At 95 h in culture when myotube formation was completed, alpha-actin content was at its peak (36 000 molecules/nucleus). Conversely, beta- and gamma-actin mRNA content began to decline at the beginning of fusion, and by the end of myotube formation beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs were undetectable by our techniques. A rapid depression of alpha-actin mRNA levels was observed after 95 h in the absence of cell death. At 6 days after the initiation of myotube formation, the content of alpha-actin mRNA was reduced by 80% in comparison of peak values and remained at that level. The switching of actin mRNA species was inhibited in myoblasts treated with bdU. The accumulation of alpha-actin mRNA and the disappearance of beta- and gamma-actin mRNA were observed following the reversal of the bdU block and coincident with the onset of myoblast fusion. We found that the expression of actin genes within the actin multigene family is switched in myogenesis through a strict developmental pattern.
Who eats what? Classifying microbial populations based on diurnal profiles of rRNA levels (2002)

Identifying the relationships between various bacterial populations and the substrates they consume is central to the understanding of population dynamics and to the development of process control in activated sludge. However, linking a heterotrophic population to its activity in situ is difficult because ribosomal RNA (rRNA) techniques, while allowing the rapid identification of populations, provide little information about their heterotrophic activity. Activated sludge models describe biodegradation kinetics by classifying substrates into two types: readily and slowly degradable substrates. Assuming that bacterial populations specialize in degrading one type of substrate, their growth rate should be affected differently if the COD loading rate varies diurnally as for a municipal activated sludge system. Modeling results suggested that the growth rates of populations consuming readily degradable substrates vary according to variations in COD loading rate. On the other hand, the growth rates of populations consuming slowly degradable substrates do not change despite the variation in COD loading rate. Since the cellular rRNA level is positively correlated with the growth rate, we hypothesized that the rRNA levels of some populations in municipal activated sludge should increase throughout the day, while they should stay constant for other populations. This hypothesis was verified by monitoring the rRNA level of Acinetobacter (a model population consuming readily degradable substrates) and Gordonia (a model population consuming slowly degradable substrates) in the mixed liquor of a full-scale municipal activated sludge reactor for three weeks.
Impact of number of probe antennas for MIMO OTA spatial channel emulator (2010)

OTA (Over-The-Air) performance of MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) enabled mobile terminals employing multi-antennas can be evaluated using the spatial channel emulator which reproduces the multi-path environment around the mobile terminal in an anechoic chamber. Antenna properties of an antenna correlation in addition to the received power for the multi-antenna mounted on a mobile terminal should be adequately evaluated in the spatial channel emulator. In this paper, we investigate based on the calculation and measurement the impact of the number of probe antennas for a spatial channel emulator considering the radiation characteristics of antennas under test with a mutual coupling effect taking an antenna correlation that has a substantial impact on MIMO performance as the criterion employing the power angular spectrum of uniform and cluster model. We clarify that probe antennas should be appropriately aligned in terms of the numbers depending on an intended angular spread of arriving waves and an element spacing of antennas under test. We also present the results of the MIMO OTA testing based on three types of channel models as practical applications of the spatial channel emulator employing the practical antenna configuration mounted on the mobile phones as antennas under test.
WIPP small scale seal performance tests: Status and impacts (1992)

Numerous small-scale in situ seal experiments have been emplaced in boreholes up to 38 in. in diameter at the WIPP. Seal materials include expansive salt concrete, bentonite, and crushed salt. Emplacement techniques stressed conventional technology and the use of available site personnel. Preliminary evaluation of the performance of these seals has been completed by using structural data from embedded instrumentation and fluid flow data from gas and brine flow measurements. Preliminary results suggest that submicrodarcy permeabilities can be obtained using these materials and that structural performance is satisfactory.
Development and evaluation of pulmonary imaging multi-parametric response maps for deep phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2019)

Objective: Our aim was to develop and evaluate multi-parametric response maps derived from pulmonary x-ray computed tomography (CT), <sup>1</sup>H and hyperpolarized <sup>3</sup>He static ventilation and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These maps were generated to phenotype patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on the presence of airways disease, air trapping, emphysema, alveolar distension, and ventilation defects. Methods: To generate thoracic imaging multi-parametric response maps (mPRM), multispectral <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>3</sup>He and CT images were segmented and co-registered. <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>3</sup>He MR images were segmented using a semi-automated segmentation algorithm, the diffusion weighted MR images were segmented using a threshold-based algorithm and CT images were segmented using Pulmonary Workstation 2.0 (VIDA Diagnostics, Coralville, IA). The volume-matched segmented <sup>1</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He maps were registered using landmark rigid registration. The <sup>3</sup>He maps/the diffusion weighted images were registered using an intensity-based rigid registration. CT-to-MRI co-registration was achieved using modality-independent neighborhood descriptor (MIND) deformable registration; inspiratory and expiratory CT were co-registered using an affine registration with a deformable step provided by the NiftyReg toolkit. The co-registered thoracic maps were used to generate multiparametric maps. Results: mPRM maps were generated for six different voxel classifications with increasing disease abnormality/severity as follows: 1) ventilated voxels with >-856HU/>-950HU and normal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, 2) ventilated voxels with <-856HU/<-950HU and abnormal ADC values, 3) ventilated voxels with >-856HU/>-950HU and normal ADC values, 4) ventilated voxels with <-856HU/<-950HU and abnormal ADC values, 5) unventilated voxels with >-856HU/>-950HU, and, 6) unventilated voxels with <-856HU/<-950HU. Conclusion: mPRM measurements were automated in a dedicated pipeline for MRI and CT measurements to phenotype COPD patients.
Computerized 24-hour Ambulatory Esophageal pH Monitoring and Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the Reflux Patient (1984)

Ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were performed in 72 patients with symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux. Additionally, 22 asymptomatic healthy volunteers underwent pH monitoring. In patients with classic reflux symptoms and endoscopic esophagitis, a mean of 5.41 minutes/hour of reflux below pH 4 was found compared to 0.70 minutes/hour in controls (p less than 0.0001). The mean number and duration of reflux events in this group were 1.51 events/hour and 4.0 minutes/event, compared with 0.31 events/hour and 2.26 minutes/event in volunteers (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01). A new system for ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring is presented using a pH-sensitive radiotelemetry pill or a pH probe and computerized methods for ambulatory data collection, analysis, and storage. An overall sensitivity of 76% was obtained with a 91% selectivity for detection of acid reflux in 51 patients having classic symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Ambulatory pH monitoring was positive for acid reflux in seven of 11 patients with normal endoscopic findings. Conversely, eight of 12 patients with normal pH monitoring had endoscopic esophagitis. In 19 patients presenting with atypical symptoms or previous gastric surgery, endoscopic findings were normal in 15. Nine of these 15 were identified as acid refluxers by pH monitoring. A combined approach using both pH monitoring and endoscopy is warranted for maximal detection and quantification of disease. A clear clinical role for pH monitoring is seen in the early diagnosis of acid reflux, particularly in patients having normal endoscopic findings with nonspecific gastrointestinal complaints or previous gastric operations.
Spectral, Phase, and Transient Equalization for Audio Systems (1985)

On presente une nouvelle technique pour l'egalisation des hauts parleurs et d'autres composants de systemes audiofrequences. La methode est basee sur le prefiltrage numerique des signaux pour compenser les distorsions avec le filtre concu pour donner une egalisation transitoire, de phase et spectrale
B/Si multilayers for soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet optics (2001)

With the development of x-ray sources, high reflectivity and selectivity multilayers for optics are becoming a field of interest for the spectral region of 13–40 nm. In this article, it is shown from theoretical computations that multilayers made of two light materials such as B/Si can be used for these applications. Such multilayers were deposited by electron evaporation. Their physical properties were studied by x-ray reflectometry analyses at two wavelengths: 0.154 and 12.6 nm. The results show that the multilayers are made of dense and pure materials and that the interfacial layer thickness ranges from 0.3 to 0.7 nm.
Field Effect Transport and Trapping in Regioregular Polythiophene Nanofibers (2004)

We report the electrical characterization of field effect transistors based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RRP3HT) nanofibers fabricated using nanostencil shadow masks. Mobility values were 0.02 cm2/Vs with on/off current ratios of 106. Current densities of ∼700 A/cm2 were achieved in single nanofibers. A series of Soxhlet extractions was employed to separate RRP3HT into narrow molecular weight fractions. Nanofibers made from the THF fraction exhibited superior electrical properties in terms of increased current levels and decreased activation energy. The lowest activation energies in the nanofibers were achieved by using top contacts (i.e., vapor-deposited metal on top of the nanofibers) and material purified by Soxhlet extraction. Contact effects were eliminated from bottom contact devices (i.e., nanofibers on top of metal electrodes on a dielectric substrate) with a four-probe geometry. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal two distinct regimes of transport. The high-temperature regime (355−245 K) is characterized by activation energies of 62−145 meV depending on contact geometry and RRP3HT purity with a Meyer−Neldel energy of 33 ± 3 meV. The low-temperature regime (235−85 K) has lower activation energies of 31−112 meV. Shifts in the turn-on gate voltage with temperature indicate ∼4.8 × 1012 acceptor-like states/cm2 (or ∼1 per nm of fiber length) and 3.2 × 1012 donor-like states/cm2 exist in the nanofibers. We propose that transport can be explained in terms of the multiple trap and release (MTR) or variable range hopping (VRH) formalisms of transport in a bimodal, exponential distribution of shallow and deep donor-like states.
Integrating heterogeneous local mail systems (1989)

A description is given of the Heterogeneous Mail System. This environment is inexpensive to implement. It is also inexpensive to integrate a new mail system into the environment and to use its services effectively. Diverse classes of mail systems can be integrated into the environment. The system model is examined, with particular attention to the mail semantic managers, the system server, mail submission and delivery, accommodating new systems, security and authentication, and scalability. Experiences with an experimental prototype are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cool-water carbonate deposition on the West Shetland Shelf: a modern distally steepened ramp (1998)

Abstract The West Shetland Shelf (WSS) is part of a carbonate province ranging through 11° of latitude on the western seaboard of the British Isles. Bioclastic gravels and sands and quartzitic shelly sediments, ranging in thickness from a few centimetres to 2 m have been accumulating since the Flandrian transgression (13 ka bp ). A storm wave-base is recognized at the shelf margin (200 m) below which deposits are winnowed and reworked by an upper slope northerly-flowing contour current. Samples from a 143 km transect of 15 stations from the south of Shetland to 260 m on the upper continental slope have been analysed. Bivalve molluscs, barnacles and attached serpulids are the major carbonate contributors with bryozoans, gastropods and echinoderms of secondary importance. The free-living serpulid Ditrupa arietina and erect branching bryozoans are important sediment contributors on the outer shelf. The deep-water coral, Lophelia pertusa , has been recorded from depths of 200–500 m. The WSS is a distally steepened carbonate ramp shelving at an angle of <1° to the open ocean with continual sweeping of long-period waves, frequent storms and deep-water contour currents.
Control of DFIG-Based Wind Generation Systems under Unbalanced Network Supply (2007)

This paper develops a dynamic model and control scheme for DFIG systems to improve the performance and stability under unbalanced grid conditions. A dynamic DFIG model containing the positive and negative sequence components is presented using stator voltage orientation. The proposed model accurately illustrates the active power, reactive power and torque oscillations, and provides a basis for DFIG control system design during unbalanced network supply. Various control targets such as eliminating the oscillations of the torque, active/reactive power are discussed and the required rotor negative sequence current for fulfilling different control targets are described. Performance of a DFIG-based wind turbine under unbalanced condition using the proposed control method is evaluated by simulation studies using Matlab/Simulink. The proposed control scheme significantly attenuates the DFIG torque or active power oscillations during network unbalance whereas significant torque/power oscillations exist with the conventional control schemes.
On the Reconfigurability of All-Digital Phase-Locked Loops for Software Defined Radios (2007)

A new all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) for wireless applications has recently been proposed and commercially demonstrated. It replaces conventional phase/frequency detector and charge pump with a time-to-digital converter (TDC). Analog frequency tuning of a VCO is replaced with an all- digital tuning of a digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO). Due to its digital intensive structure, the ADPLL is well suited for single-chip radio solutions fabricated using state-of-the- art low cost and power nanometer-scale CMOS processes. Being integrated with a digital signal processor (DSP), the ADPLL parameters can be properly controlled and seamlessly reconfigured using the available on-chip DSP unit making the ADPLL a software defined radio (SDR) platform. In this paper, we present a DSP based technique for the fully dynamic control of the ADPLL settling performance that allows the loop band width to be seamlessly widened or narrowed allowing for fast frequency acquisition or tracking with excellent phase noise and spurious performance, respectively. The arbitrary and dynamic control of the frequency synthesizer loop bandwidth will address the dynamically varying nature of a multi-radio multi- standard SDR environment.
A supervised control programme for the pepper weevil,<i>Anthonomus eugenii</i>Cano, in Honduras, Central America (1986)

Abstract Adult pepper weevils, Anthonomus eugenii Cano, were more exposed and hence easier to count between 08.00 and 11.00 hours than at any other hour of the day. Twice weekly counts of exposed adult weevils and the use of action thresholds of either one or two adults per 100 terminals resulted in more cost effective control than did weekly scheduled applications. The former threshold is recommended for capital intensive farmers, while the latter may be most appropriate for capital‐limited producers. Manual collection and destruction of fallen fruits was not a cost effective supportive tactic where insecticides were used, but may be of limited value in the absence of chemical control. The low’ cost, simplicity and efficacy of the procedures described should make them acceptable to small scale, capital limited farmers.
FoxM1 Regulates Transcription of JNK1 to Promote the G1/S Transition and Tumor Cell Invasiveness (2008)

The Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) protein is a proliferation-specific transcription factor that plays a key role in controlling both the G(1)/S and G(2)/M transitions through the cell cycle and is essential for the development of various cancers. We show here that FoxM1 directly activates the transcription of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1) gene in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Expression of JNK1, which regulates the expression of genes important for the G(1)/S transition, rescues the G(1)/S but not the G(2)/M cell cycle block in FoxM1-deficient cells. Knockdown of either FoxM1 or JNK1 inhibits tumor cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth. However, expression of JNK1 in FoxM1-depleted cells does not rescue these defects, indicating that JNK1 is a necessary but insufficient downstream mediator of FoxM1 in these processes. Consistent with this interpretation, FoxM1 regulates the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, which play a role in tumor cell invasion, through JNK1-independent and -dependent mechanisms in U2OS cells, respectively. Taken together, these findings identify JNK1 as a critical transcriptional target of FoxM1 that contributes to FoxM1-regulated cell cycle progression, tumor cell migration, invasiveness, and anchorage-independent growth.
Phenotype and genotype heterogeneity of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration in a cohort of pediatric and adult patients (2023)

PLAN presents with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms from infancy to adulthood. PLAN should be considered in adult patients with parkinsonism or cognition decline. Based on the current knowledge, it is not possible to foresee the age of disease onset based on the identified genotype.
Die deutsche Sprachgruppe Südwestafrikas in Politik und Recht seit 1915 (1980)

VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee , Seite 256 - 258
Conversion efficiencies from laser-produced plasmas in the extreme ultraviolet regime (1996)

The conversion efficiency of spectral emission from laser-irradiated solid targets was investigated for short wavelength source development. The plasma brightness was quantified using absolutely calibrated detectors for 20 materials and spectra were obtained between 50 and 200 Å. Laser parameters such as wavelength, pulse length, intensity, and spot size were systematically varied to establish a comprehensive database for source optimization. Qualitative differences in the underlying dominant emission features as a function of atomic number and laser wavelength were observed that accounted for the relatively high spectral conversion efficiencies produced. In the specific case of Sn, a conversion efficiency greater than 0.8%/eV has been observed in the technologically important region of λ=134.0 Å using a laser intensity of 1–2×1011 W/cm2.
Identification of two novel cellular genes associated with multistage carcinogenesis of human endocervical cells by mRNA differential display (1996)

Carcinogenesis originating from cervical cells has been recognized as a multistage process in which human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cofactors, such as cigarette smoke, are frequently involved in the development of malignant cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains poorly understood. To identify the cellular genes involved in multistage cervical oncogenesis, we used the mRNA differential display method to analyze primary human endocervical cells (HEN), HPV 16-immortalized cells (HEN-16) and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-transformed cells (HEN-16T). Two cDNAs--PA4 and PA9--have been identified and isolated after comparing 8000 cDNAs from HEN, HEN-16 and HEN-16T. Northern blot analysis showed that PA4 was expressed 2- to 3-fold higher in HEN-16 and HEN-16T than in HEN, whereas PA9 was expressed uniquely in HEN. Moreover, the same patterns of PA4 and PA9 expression were found for a second line of HPV 16-immortalized endocervical cells and the corresponding transformed cells. An analysis of cDNA sequences showed that PA4 and PA9 had no homology to nucleotide sequences in Genbank. We suggest that immortalization, but not tumorigenesis, up-regulated a new oncogene, PA4, and down-regulated a new tumor suppressor gene, PA9. These results demonstrated the utility of the human endocervical cell model system and the mRNA differential display method for identifying the genes that may be involved in multistage cervical carcinogenesis.
조명용 LED의 광전궤환을 이용한 가시광 무선인식장치 (2011)

In this paper, we used optoelectronic feedback to generate the carrier frequency for the ASK modulation of a lighting LED. A solar cell was used for photo-detector in the feedback circuit, and the LED light was ASK modulated by controlling the ON/OFF state of the switch that is installed in the feedback loop. The oscillation frequency of the optoelectronic feedback loop was about 50 kHz and the data rate of the ASK modulation was 9.6 kbps. In experiments, the optoelectronic feedback circuit was used for the ASK modulation of a lighting LED in the transponder of a visible light identification system, and data exchange between the transponder and the reader was successfully carried out.
$\\mathrm{P}$-Optimal Proof Systems for Each $\\mathrm{coNP}$-Complete Set\n and no Complete Problems in $\\mathrm{NP}\\cap\\mathrm{coNP}$ Relative to an\n Oracle (2019)

We build on a working program initiated by Pudl\\'ak [Pud17] and construct an\noracle relative to which each $\\mathrm{coNP}$-complete set has\n$\\mathrm{P}$-optimal proof systems and $\\mathrm{NP}\\cap\\mathrm{coNP}$ does not\nhave complete problems.\n