gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale spatial phase modulation of GaN on a V-grooved Si Substrate-cubic phase GaN on Si(001) for monolithic integration (2005)

Nanoscale spatial phase modulation of GaN grown on a 355-nm period array of V-grooves fabricated in a Si(001) substrate is reported. Orientation-dependent selective nucleation of GaN in metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy begins from the opposing Si{111} sidewalls and rapidly fills each V-groove. At the initial stages of growth, the GaN deposited on the sidewalls has hexagonal phase with the c-axis normal to the Si{111}. As the growth continues, the filling of the V-groove over these misaligned hexagonal phase regions results in a transition to a cubic phase with its principal crystal axes parallel to those of the Si substrate. In a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the grooves, the defected hexagonal phase region and the clean cubic phase region above it form a boundary at the inside of each V-groove which is parallel to the Si{111} sidewalls. The GaN surface is almost planarized for only 75-nm deposition and is parallel to the original [001] plane of the Si substrate. The GaN clearly exhibits nanoscale spatial phase modulation with a periodic separation of hexagonal and cubic crystal structures across the groove direction for 600-nm deposition, implying a possibility of cubic phase GaN on an isolated single V-groove fabricated in a Si(001) substrate for monolithic integration. The structural/optical properties and stress measurements of this phase-modulated GaN grown on a nanoscale faceted Si surface are presented.
Autophagy Enhances Bacterial Clearance during P. aeruginosa Lung Infection (2013)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cystic fibrosis patients. Although P. aeruginosa is primarily considered an extacellular pathogen, recent reports have demonstrated that throughout the course of infection the bacterium acquires the ability to enter and reside within host cells. Normally intracellular pathogens are cleared through a process called autophagy which sequesters and degrades portions of the cytosol, including invading bacteria. However the role of autophagy in host defense against P. aeruginosa in vivo remains unknown. Understanding the role of autophagy during P. aeruginosa infection is of particular importance as mutations leading to cystic fibrosis have recently been shown to cause a blockade in the autophagy pathway, which could increase susceptibility to infection. Here we demonstrate that P. aeruginosa induces autophagy in mast cells, which have been recognized as sentinels in the host defense against bacterial infection. We further demonstrate that inhibition of autophagy through pharmacological means or protein knockdown inhibits clearance of intracellular P. aeruginosa in vitro, while pharmacologic induction of autophagy significantly increased bacterial clearance. Finally we find that pharmacological manipulation of autophagy in vivo effectively regulates bacterial clearance of P. aeruginosa from the lung. Together our results demonstrate that autophagy is required for an effective immune response against P. aeruginosa infection in vivo, and suggest that pharmacological interventions targeting the autophagy pathway could have considerable therapeutic potential in the treatment of P. aeruginosa lung infection.
High Performance Direct Methanol Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (1996)

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) using Pt‐Ru electrocatalysts and perfluorosulfonic acid membranes provide high performances if operated above 100°C with optimized catalyst layers. A decal transfer method is used to apply thin‐film catalyst/ionomer composite layers to Nation® membranes. A Nation 112 membrane/electrode assembly operating on 5 atm oxygen at 130°C yields a current of 670 mA/cm2 at 0.5 V cell voltage. Peak power density is 400 mW/cm2. The same cell operating on 3 atm air at 110°C yields 370 mA/cm2 at 0.5 V and provides a maximum power density of 250 mW/cm2.
[Association between aldosterone synthase gene polymorphism and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. (2002)

CT genotype of CYP11B2 gene may be one of factors responsible for the pathogenesis of HCM in a proportion of patients.
From aspect-oriented design to aspect-oriented programs (2007)

Join Point Designation Diagrams (JPDDs) permit developers to design aspect-oriented software on an abstract level. Consequently, JPDDs permit developers to communicate their software design independent of the programming language in use. However, developer face two problems. First, they need to understand the semantics of JPDDs in addition to their programming language. Second, after designing aspects using JPDDs, they need to decide how to map them into their programming language. A tool-supported translation of JPDDs into a known aspect-oriented language obviously would ease both problems. However, in order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to determine what a "good" JPDD translation looks like, i.e. it is necessary to have a number of principles that determine the characteristics of a "good" translation. This paper describes a tool-supported translation of JPDDs to aspect-oriented languages. Principles for translating JPDDs are described and a concrete mapping to the aspect-oriented language AspectJ is explained.
Flow control mechanism with hysteresial techniques (1998)

The advantages of using hysteresial techniques in flow control mechanisms are demonstrated. The work scenario consists of a server transmitting video information to a group of clients. To avoid overflow or underflow in the buffer, the client sends control messages (feedbacks) to the server which order adjustments to the transmission rate. Hysteresial techniques allow the minimisation of this signalling traffic, even when there are rapid fluctuations in the buffer occupation.
Checking security of Java bytecode by abstract interpretation (2002)

We present a method to certify a subset of the Java bytecode, with respect to security. The method is based on abstract interpretation of the operational semantics of the language. We define a concrete small-step enhanced semantics of the language, able to keep information on the flow of data and control during execution. A main point of this semantics is the handling of the influence of the information flow on the operand stack. We then define an abstract semantics, keeping only the security information and forgetting the actual values. This semantics can be used as a static analysis tool to check security of programs. The use of abstract interpretation allows, on one side, being semantics based, to accept as secure a wide class of programs, and, on the other side, being rule based, to be fully automated.
Aerogels: Tailor-made Carriers for Immediate and Prolonged Drug Release (2005)

The potential of inorganic polymeric materials – silica aerogels – as tailor-made drug carriers is discussed. It is shown that the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs can be significantly changed through the adsorption on silica aerogels. Adsorption takes place in supercritical CO2 and allows distribution of the drugs inside the aerogel matrix on the molecular level. The drug concentration in the aerogel is explicitly determined by the temperature, bulk concentration of the drug in the supercritical phase and the properties of the aerogel (density, pore size distribution and surface area). The release rate of the drug depends on the hydrophobicity of the aerogel. In the case of hydrophilic aerogels, an extremely fast release – even compared with nanocrystals – of drugs is achieved, which is especially advantageous for poorly water-soluble drugs. Hydrophobic aerogels exhibit a slower release which is governed by diffusion.In addition, the possibility of generating organic microparticles inside the pores of the aerogels by precipitation from supercritical solutions is discussed.
Wireless power transfer (2015)

WPT can be broadly classified as radiative and non-radiative. Power can be radiated by an antenna and propagates through a medium such as air in the form of a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic wave. Non-radiative WPT is based on near-field magnetic coupling of magnetic circuits that are generally in the form of conductive loops with a resonant frequency. WPT can be achieved through a range of technologies, ranging from near-field magnetic coupling based technologies operating at a relatively low frequency (such as 10 kHz-15.65 MHz) to microwave technologies operating at relatively high frequency (up to a few giga-hertz). This chapter focuses primarily on the former type of research and applications based on near-field magnetic coupling. It covers WPT research and applications from low-power applications.
Controlling the emission profile of a nanowire with a conical taper (2008)

The influence of a tapering on nanowire light-emission profiles is studied. We show that, for nanowires with divergent output beams, the introduction of a conical tapering with a small opening angle reduces the beam divergence and increases transmission. This results in a dramatic increase in the collection efficiency of the detection optics. For a realistic tapering and a modest NA, the collection efficiency is enhanced by more than a factor of 2. This improvement is ensured by the adiabatic expansion of the guided mode in the tapering.
ZSM-5-SO<sub>3</sub>H: An Efficient Catalyst for Acylation of Sulfonamides Amines, Alcohols, and Phenols under Solvent-Free Conditions (2013)

Sulfonamides amines, alcohols, and phenols were efficiently acylated with carboxylic acid anhydrides and chlorides using ZSM-5-SO3H as catalyst under mild and solvent-free conditions. Also, direct esterification of alcohols with carboxylic acids occurred readily in the presence of this catalyst. Different types of amides and esters were obtained in moderate to high yields and purity after a simple workup. No chromatographic separation is needed for isolation of the acylated product. The catalyst was recovered and reused for up to four times without a noticeable decrease in catalytic activity.
Functional Region IV of Glycoprotein D from Herpes Simplex Virus Modulates Glycoprotein Binding to the Herpesvirus Entry Mediator (1998)

Glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is essential for virus entry and has four functional regions (I to IV) important for this process. We previously showed that a truncated form of a functional region IV variant, gD1(Delta290-299t), had an enhanced ability to block virus entry and to bind to the herpesvirus entry mediator (HveAt; formerly HVEMt), a cellular receptor for HSV. To explore this phenotype further, we examined other forms of gD, especially ones with mutations in region IV. Variant proteins with deletions of amino acids between 277 and 300 (region IV), as well as truncated forms lacking C-terminal residues up to amino acid 275 of gD, were able to block HSV entry into Vero cells 1 to 2 logs better than wild-type gD1(306t). In contrast, gD truncated at residue 234 did not block virus entry into Vero cells. Using optical biosensor technology, we recently showed that gD1(Delta290-299t) had a 100-fold-higher affinity for HveAt than gD1(306t) (3.3 x 10(-8) M versus 3.2 x 10(-6) M). Here we found that the affinities of other region IV variants for HveAt were similar to that of gD1(Delta290-299t). Thus, the affinity data follow the same hierarchy as the blocking data. In each case, the higher affinity was due primarily to a faster kon rather than to a slower koff. Therefore, once the gDt-HveAt complex formed, its stability was unaffected by mutations in or near region IV. gD truncated at residue 234 bound to HveAt with a lower affinity (2.0 x 10(-5) M) than did gD1(306t) due to a more rapid koff. These data suggest that residues between 234 and 275 are important for maintaining stability of the gDt-HveAt complex and that functional region IV is important for modulating the binding of gD to HveA. The binding properties of any gD1(234t)-receptor complex could account for the inability of this form of gDt to block HSV infection.
DSC Constitutive and Computer Models for Soil-Structure and Liquefaction Analysis (2000)

This paper presents a unified and simplified constitutive modeling approach, called the disturbed state concept (DSC), for the characterization of the mechanical behavior of soils and interfaces. It is calibrated and validated with respect to laboratory stress-strain-volume change-pore water pressure behvior Finite element procedures based on generalized Biot's theory for coupled response of saturated materials is developed with the DSC model. It is applied to a number of soil-structure interaction problems in which the predictions in terms of displacements, stresses and pore water pressures, and liquefaction potential are compared with laboratory or field observations. It is believed that the DSC can provide improved constitutive models towards analysis and design of geotechnical problems, and a fundamental procedure for identification of liquefaction potential.
Scheduling and thread management with RTEMS (2014)

The goal of a real-time operating system (RTOS) is to support real-time and embedded system (RT/ES) application development, which differ from general-purpose applications because of the size, weight, and power (SWaP) and timing constraints imposed by embedded applications. Useful RTOS features include real-time thread scheduling, thread communication, synchronization, interrupt handling, memory management, file systems, device drivers, networking, and debugging support. The Real-Time Executive for Multi-processor Systems (RTEMS) is a free and open-source RTOS that supports over a dozen processor architecture families and over 150 embedded system boards. RTEMS is designed to support embedded applications with stringent real-time requirements while being compatible with open standards such as POSIX. RTEMS includes optional services such as TCP/IP networking and file systems while still offering minimum executable sizes under 20 KB in useful configurations. One of the primary functions of an RTOS is to select threads that can obtain access to resources such as shared memory and processor time. RTEMS uses multiple algorithms to manage both waiting threads and those ready to execute. The thread execution schedulers include the traditional RTOS round robin and deterministic priority schedulers, rate monotonic, earliest deadline first (EDF), constant bandwidth server (CBS), and simple SMP scheduling algorithms. The RTEMS scheduling framework allows the application developer to select the thread scheduling algorithm that best meets the application's space and time requirements. ÂăWe will present how this framework can be used by researchers to integrate their own scheduling algorithm into RTEMS and test it using a scheduling simulator before deploying it on target hardware.
srb: a Bacillus subtilis Gene Encoding a Homologue of the  -Subunit of the Mammalian Signal Recognition Particle Receptor (1995)

We cloned a Bacillus subtilis gene (srb) encoding a homologue of the mammalian signal recognition particle receptor alpha-subunit (SR alpha). The gene is 987 bp in length and encodes a 329-amino acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of the protein shared 26.6, 36.2 and 49.7% identity with those of mammalian SR alpha, archaebacterial DP alpha and Escherichia coli FtsY, respectively. The protein contains three conserved GTP-binding elements like the other three SRP receptor proteins, though the N-terminal portion of the putative B. subtilis protein was shorter than the others. Secondary structure prediction showed than an amphipathic alpha-helix is positioned in the N-terminal region. A defect in srb inhibited cell growth and protein translocation.
Single‐shot diffusion‐weighted trace imaging on a clinical scanner (1998)

The single-shot trace-weighted acquisition scheme for isotropic diffusion imaging suggested by Mori and van Zijl (Magn. Reson. Med. 33, 41-52 (1995)) was implemented on a clinical scanner in combination with echo-planar imaging. The results on phantoms and seven volunteers show that good-quality multiplanar isotropic diffusion-weighted images can be obtained within seconds and absolute Dav images within 10-40 s, depending on the number of gradient strengths used. However, care has to be taken in using this type of multi-bipolar-gradient sequence to avoid measurement of artifactual diffusion constants due to background gradient interference. It is outlined how to test for this interference and how to optimize for the correct experiment.
<title>Interpolation of ray-space data by adaptive filtering</title> (2000)

We propose a new ray-space interpolation scheme using an adaptive filter. Unlike the previous works related to view interpolation, which detect disparities, our scheme adopts a simple signal processing method; adaptive filtering to Epipolar Plane Image (EPI). First, the original EPI is up- sampled. Then, for each pixel to be interpolated, the block surrounding the pixel is analyzed and the best filter is selected according to the analysis. The filter set includes various interpolation filters with different directionality. Finally, we apply the filter to up-sampled EPI and generate the intermediate ray-space data. Since our scheme does not need pattern matching, it requires less computation cost than the conventional interpolation schemes, and therefore, it is very fast and suitable for hardware implementation. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme interpolates ray-space data with higher PSNR than other interpolation methods, such as nearest neighbor interpolation, the linear interpolation and block matching interpolation.
A Dirichlet Process Mixture Model for Spherical Data (2015)

Directional data, naturally represented as points on the unit sphere, appear in many applications. However, unlike the case of Eu-clidean data, flexible mixture models on the sphere that can capture correlations, handle an unknown number of components and ex-tend readily to high-dimensional data have yet to be suggested. For this purpose we propose a Dirichlet process mixture model of Gaussian distributions in distinct tangent spaces (DP-TGMM) to the sphere. Impor-tantly, the formulation of the proposed model allows the extension of recent advances in ef-ficient inference for Bayesian nonparametric models to the spherical domain. Experiments on synthetic data as well as real-world 3D surface normal and 20-dimensional semantic word vector data confirm the expressiveness and applicability of the DP-TGMM. 1
A piRNA-like small RNA interacts with and modulates p-ERM proteins in human somatic cells (2015)

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are thought to silence transposon and gene expression during development. However, the roles of piRNAs in somatic tissues are largely unknown. Here we report the identification of 555 piRNAs in human lung bronchial epithelial (HBE) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, including 295 that do not exist in databases termed as piRNA-like sncRNAs or piRNA-Ls. Distinctive piRNA/piRNA-L expression patterns are observed between HBE and NSCLC cells. piRNA-like-163 (piR-L-163), the top downregulated piRNA-L in NSCLC cells, binds directly to phosphorylated ERM proteins (p-ERM), which is dependent on the central part of UUNNUUUNNUU motif in piR-L-163 and the RRRKPDT element in ERM. The piR-L-163/p-ERM interaction is critical for p-ERM's binding capability to filamentous actin (F-actin) and ERM-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50). Thus, piRNA/piRNA-L may play a regulatory role through direct interaction with proteins in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Low-loss single-mode wavelength-division multiplexing with etched fibre arrays (1984)

A 9-channel single-mode grating wavelength-division multiplexing scheme is demonstrated at 1.5 μm with insertion losses as low as 1.5 dB. An array of fibres with core-to-core spacing of 36 μm acts as a channel concentrator giving a channel separation of 20 Å and channel width of 2 Å.
The comparison between Jacobi Iteration and Gauss-Seidel Iteration (2005)

In this paper,the application of Jacobi Iteration and Gauss-Seidel Iteration in solution of linear(equations) was introduced,and their advantage and disadvantage were also compared.
Real-World Data on SSRI Antidepressant Side Effects. (2009)

In this article, we provide information on patient-reported side effects from a cross-section of real-world patients. Specifically, data on side effects was tabulated for patients taking one of the following selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants: citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Thirty-eight percent of the approximately 700 patients surveyed reported having experienced a side effect as a result of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant; the most common side effects mentioned were sexual functioning, sleepiness, and weight gain. Only 25 percent of the side effects were considered "very bothersome" or "extremely bothersome." Regardless of how bothersome the side effects were, however, only 40 percent of patients mentioned the side effects to their prescribing physicians.
Maximizing Dozer Work Rate with Draft Power Sensing Systems (1979)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A majority of coal strip mine reclamation is done with bulldozers. In this work large quantities of earth are relocated with little need for adherence to precise grade or contour. Maximum possible bulldozer work effort is required for minimum fuel usage and cost per yard of soil moved. In response to the need for bulldozer work optimization, Southwest Research Institute, in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the Department of Energy, has developed and successfully field tested a draft power sensor (DPS) system. Reclamation leveling of over 120 acres of strip mine spoil has verified a work production improvement of up to 25 percent with DPS usage.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In operation, the DPS measures bulldozer true ground speed (velocity) by ultrasonic doppler means, and draft force by means of a strain gage on the dozer blade push-arm trunnion. When electrical signals proportional to draft and velocity are electronically multiplied, the resultant draft power product represents the real work rate actually being applied to the soil. By adjusting the dozer blade to maximize his draft power indication, the operator maximizes the bulldozer work rate.</div>