gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Direct Biocombinatorial Strategy toward Next Generation, Mussel-Glue Inspired Saltwater Adhesives (2014)

Biological materials exhibit remarkable, purpose-adapted properties that provide a source of inspiration for designing new materials to meet the requirements of future applications. For instance, marine mussels are able to attach to a broad spectrum of hard surfaces under hostile conditions. Controlling wet-adhesion of synthetic macromolecules by analogue processes promises to strongly impact materials sciences by offering advanced coatings, adhesives, and glues. The de novo design of macromolecules to mimic complex aspects of mussel adhesion still constitutes a challenge. Phage display allows material scientists to design specifically interacting molecules with tailored affinity to material surfaces. Here, we report on the integration of enzymatic processing steps into phage display biopanning to expand the biocombinatorial procedure and enable the direct selection of enzymatically activable peptide adhesion domains. Adsorption isotherms and single molecule force spectroscopy show that those de novo peptides mimic complex aspects of bioadhesion, such as enzymatic activation (by tyrosinase), the switchability from weak to strong binders, and adsorption under hostile saltwater conditions. Furthermore, peptide-poly(ethylene oxide) conjugates are synthesized to generate protective coatings, which possess anti-fouling properties and suppress irreversible interactions with blood-plasma protein cocktails. The extended phage display procedure provides a generic way to non-natural peptide adhesion domains, which not only mimic nature but also improve biological sequence sections extractable from mussel-glue proteins. The de novo peptides manage to combine several tasks in a minimal 12-mer sequence and thus pave the way to overcome major challenges of technical wet glues.
Fast one-step separation and purification of buckminsterfullerene, C60, from carbon soot (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFast one-step separation and purification of buckminsterfullerene, C60, from carbon sootKuntal Chatterjee, Deborah Holmes Parker, Peter Wurz, Keith R. Lykke, Dieter M. Gruen, and Leon M. StockCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 11, 3253–3254Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00037a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00037a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ATM LAN emulation (1996)

Many of the most common protocols at layers two (media access), three (network), and above expect to operate over broadcast media such as IEEE 802.3/Ethernet or IEEE 802.5/token ring. LAN emulation provides a widely applicable means for transitioning these protocols to the connection-oriented ATM environment. A combination of centralized and distributed intelligence allows a star-plus-mesh topology of ATM virtual circuits to emulate broadcast media, while providing most of the advantages of connection-oriented media.
Molecular Interrelationships in Multidrug Resistance (1995)

The prospect of understanding the molecular basis of malignant growth is full of promises: genetic alterations, involved in transformation, play a role in cancerogenesis and are the mainspring of the infinite capabilities of cancer cells to attain immortality. Genetic changes lead to altered gene products, which in turn may involve drug transport (in, as well as out of cells) and metabolism, changes in drug targets and repair of drug-induced damage (Dalton, 1991).
Increasing the portability and re-usability of protocol code (1997)

Deploying protocols is an expensive and time-consuming process today. One reason is the high cost of developing, testing, and installing protocol implementations. To reduce this difficulty, protocols are developed and executed within environments called protocol subsystems, and protocol software is often ported instead of being coded from scratch. Unfortunately, today a variety of protocol subsystems offer a plethora of features, functionality, and drawbacks; the differences among them often reduce the portability and reusability of protocol code, and therefore present barriers to the deployment of new protocols. In this paper, we consider differences in subsystems and their effect on the portability and reusability of protocols and protocol implementations. We then propose two different approaches, each optimized for a different situation, that allow protocol code implemented in one subsystem to be used without modification within other subsystems, and thus reduce the barriers to protocol deployment. We relate our experiences designing, implementing, and measuring the performance of each approach using, as a baseline, an AppleTalk protocol stack we have developed.
HathiTrust: słoń w bibliotece (2012)

The author is a librarian of the HathiTrust partnership, California. He describes the beginning and the development of a huge collaborative project comprising around 60 American libraries. Its mission is “To contribute to the common good by collecting, organizing, preserving, and sharing the record of human knowledge”. HathiTrust has organized a great common repository of digitized library materials. The reposytory provides open access to over 10 million digital units. The author points out advantages of cooperation in such a project and discusses tasks undertaken to enrich the library.
Receptor Theory (1998)

Abstract The equations and models that describe the interaction of chemicals with receptors comprise what is generally known as drug‐receptor theory. Although largely adapted from enzyme kinetics, the principles necessarily differ from those of enzyme‐substrate interactions in that they deal with chemicals that are not changed by the receptor, but rather interact in a reversible manner to produce a change in the state of the receptor that is then transmitted to the cellular host. This overview describes the evolution of drug receptor theory, including occupancy theory, two‐state theory, and the ternary complex model.
Single dose oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for postoperative pain (2004)

Single doses of paracetamol are effective analgesics for acute postoperative pain and give rise to few adverse effects.
On-chip supervised learning rule for ultra high density neural crossbar using memristor for synapse and neuron (2014)

The memristor-based neural learning network is considered as one of the candidates for future computing systems thanks to its low power, high density and defect-tolerance. However, its application is still hindered by the limitations of huge neuron structure and complicated learning cell. In this paper, we present a memristor-based neural crossbar circuit to implement on-chip supervised learning rule. In our work, activation function of neuron is implemented with simple CMOS inverter to save area overhead. Importantly, we propose a compact learning cell with a crossbar latch consisting of two anti-parallel oriented binary memristors. This scheme allows high density integration and could improve the reliability of learning circuit. We describe firstly the circuit architecture, memristor model and operation process of supervised learning rule. Afterwards we perform transient simulation with CMOS 40nm design kit to validate the function of proposed learning circuit. Analysis and evaluation demonstrate that our circuit show great potential in on-chip learning.
Parallel structures for fast estimation of echo path pure delay and their applications to sparse echo cancellers (2008)

The networking environment allowing for coexistence of voice and data communication has become complex, and voice aspects of telecommunication, particularly in voice-over-IP networks, demand echo cancellers to cover all voice channels, as opposed to only long-haul channels, as it used to be in traditional public switched telephone networks. Echo path coverage requirements for the echo cancellers have become more demanding, which contributed to an increase of computational cost of their implementations. One of the methods of decreasing that cost is via taking advantage of sparseness of the echo path impulse response (sparse systems). In addition to requirements related to reducing an overall computational cost, it is desirable to accelerate the adaptation, so the voice quality is improved. In the case of sparse systems, the requirement of accelerating the adaptation translates into faster allocation of the main adaptive filter window. This study explores an approach that takes advantage of the relation between the FIR filter length and the convergence speed, with focusing of the subrate adaptive filter that is being used for identifying the pure delay. The proposed approach is suitable for single reflectors. The proposed idea can be expanded to cover multi-reflectors. The presented results of numerical experiments relate to the NLMS. Yet the approach is general and can be applied to other adaptive filter algorithms. The computational overhead associated with the parallel structure (and related decision algorithm) is tangible yet quite minor. This additional cost is split over two distinct parts: (a) filter window overlap to ensure the echo path delays that fit to the parallel structure partitioning are treated without disadvantage and (b) the additional decision logic that is used to identify the position (within one of the M parallel branches covering approximately 1/Mth of the entire echo path coverage each) of the echo path impulse response peak. The principal benefit of the parallel structure is the adaptation speed increase (and this increase is a function of M) at an expense of only very minor computational cost.
18F-FDG uptake as a biologic prognostic factor for recurrence in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. (2002)

We conclude that the 18F-FDG uptake in primary NSCLC determined by PET has a significant independent postoperative prognostic value for recurrence, especially in patients with pathologic stage I NSCLC. 18F-FDG uptake was superior to pathologic stage in predicting relapse of patients with NSCLC.
Inhibitory effect of green tea on the growth of established skin papillomas in mice. (1992)

In 10 separate experiments, mice with established chemically induced or UV light-induced skin papillomas were treated continuously with green tea in the drinking water or with i.p. injections of a green tea polyphenol fraction or (-)-epigallocatechin gallate three times a week for 4-10 weeks. Partial tumor regression or > 90% inhibition of tumor growth, as measured by changes in tumor volume per mouse, was observed in 5 experiments, and marked inhibition of tumor growth (46-89%) was observed in 5 additional experiments. Treatment of the mice with green tea or green tea constituents had an inhibitory effect on body weight increases in several but not all of the studies. Examination of the data from all ten experiments revealed that complete tumor regression occurred in 14 of 346 papilloma-bearing mice (4%) that were treated with green tea in the drinking water or with i.p. injections of green tea constituents, whereas none of the 220 papilloma-bearing control mice treated with only vehicle exhibited complete tumor regression. These observations indicate that oral administration of green tea, i.p. administration of a green tea polyphenol fraction, or i.p. administration of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate inhibited the growth and/or caused the regression of established experimentally induced skin papillomas.
Development of Simulator Training to Reduce Head Motion Artifact in fMRI (2011)

Functional MRI (fMRI) is a primary tool in the study of brain function. The primary cause of data corruption in fMRI is head motion while scanning. This problem is compounded by the fact that subjects are asked to perform behavioural tasks, which can promote head motion. Random and/or large head motions are often not handled well in post-processing correction algorithms. This thesis investigates the use of an alternate method: an MRI simulator to help reduce head motion in subjects through training. A simulator environment was developed where subjects could be trained to reduce their head motion through closed loop visual feedback. The effect of simulator training was investigated in young, old and stroke subjects. Performance of subjects with respect to head motion was investigated prior, during and after feedback training, including subsequent fMRI scans. This research helps improve fMRI image quality by reducing head motion prior to scanning.
<title>Evaluation of document image skew estimation techniques</title> (1996)

Recently there has been an increased interest in document image skew detection algorithms. Most of the papers relevant to this problem include some experimental results. However, there exists a lack of a universally accepted methodology for evaluating the performance of such algorithms. We have implemented four types of skew detection algorithms in order to investigate possible testing methodologies. We then tested each algorithm on a sample of 460 page images randomly selected from a collection of approximately 100,000 pages. This collection contains a wide variety of typographical features and styles. In our evaluation we examine several issues relevant to the establishment of a uniform testing methodology. First, we begin with a clear definition of the problem and the ground truth collection process. Then we examine the need for pre-processing and parameter optimization specific to each technique. Next, we investigate the problem of establishing meaningful statistical measurements of the performance of these algorithms and the use of non-parametric comparison methods to perform pairwise comparisons of methods. Lastly, we look at the sensitivity of each algorithm to particular typographical features, which indicates the need for the adoption of a stratified sampling paradigm for accurate analysis of performance.
The 36 V Bipolar: $\beta \times V_{a} \times \text {fT} \times \text {BV} \times \text {JfT} \times$ Linearity Tradeoff (2016)

This paper reports on the optimization of a 36 V complimentary bipolar design by using a new depletion mode field-effect architecture for the collector of the bipolar that greatly expands the boundary of the familiar tradeoffs. This achieves an n-p-n with a measured |β at 1 V x V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> at 18 V| = |270 x 1100 V|, a JfT at 1 V = 28.7 μAμm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , and |fT at 1 V x BV| = |2.6 GHz x 58 V|, with a p-n-p having a |β at 1 V x V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> at 18 V| = |250 x 800 V|, a JfT at 1 V = 27.0 μ Aμm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , and |fT at 1 V x BV| = |1.9 GHz x 69 V|. While these performance enhancements appear to offer a lot with little expense, they do serve to reveal an additional tradeoff between β x V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> x fT x BV x JfT and Linearity. This is where the curvature of the forward output characteristic curves quantified by the extrapolated Early voltage significantly changes over the voltage range |0-10 V|. Through the use of measured silicon results with calibrated TCAD simulations, the physics behind this depletion mode collector design is explained, and using this understanding, it ultimately shows how it is possible to limit the range of the associated nonlinear performance for low collector biases. Then, keeping linearity as a key performance target together with the field-effect architecture, the 36 V bipolar is rebalanced to achieve ann-p-nwitha|β at 1 V x V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> at 18 V x fT at 1 V x JfT at 1 V x BV x Linearity| = |270 x 220 V x 2.6 GHz x 28.7 μAμm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> x 47 V x (0.2-30 V) Linearity|, and a p-n-p with a |β at 1 V x V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> at 18 V x fT at 1 V x JfT at 1 V x BV x Linearity| = |185 x 180 V x 1.8 GHz x 27 μAμm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> x 45 V x (0.2-30 V) Linearity|.
Multiple Antigen Peptide Containing <scp>B</scp> and <scp>T</scp> Cell Epitopes of <scp>F</scp>1 Antigen of <i><scp>Y</scp>ersinia pestis</i> Showed Enhanced <scp>T</scp>h1 Immune Response in Murine Model (2013)

Yersinia pestis is a facultative bacterium that can survive and proliferate inside host macrophages and cause bubonic, pneumonic and systemic infection. Apart from humoral response, cell-mediated protection plays a major role in combating the disease. Fraction 1 capsular antigen (F1-Ag) of Y. pestis has long been exploited as a vaccine candidate. In this study, F1-multiple antigenic peptide (F1-MAP or MAP)-specific cell-mediated and cytokine responses were studied in murine model. MAP consisting of three B and one T cell epitopes of F1-antigen with one palmitoyl residue was synthesized using Fmoc chemistry. Mice were immunized with different formulations of MAP in poly DL-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheres. F1-MAP with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) as an adjuvant showed enhanced in vitro T cell proliferation and Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and Th17 (IL-17A) cytokine secretion. Similar formulation also showed significantly higher numbers of cytokine (IL-2, IFN-γ)-secreting cells. Moreover, F1-MAP with CpG formulation showed significantly high (P < 0.001) percentage of CD4(+) IFN-γ(+) cells as compared to CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) cells, and also more (CD4- IFN-γ)(+) cells secrete perforin and granzyme as compared to (CD8- IFN-γ)(+) showing Th1 response. Thus, the study highlights the importance of Th1 cytokine and existence of CD4(+) and CD8(+) immune response. This study proposes a new perspective for the development of vaccination strategies for Y. pestis that trigger T cell immune response.
High Performance Etching Process for Organic Films using SO<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> Plasma (1998)

The anisotropic etching of organic films such as anti reflective coating (ARC) and resist for dry development using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was studied. In ARC etching, the controllability of critical dimension (CD) and the selectivity to underlayers were investigated for O 2 based gas chemistries by adding N 2 , He, CHF 3 , Cl 2 , HBr and SO 2 . The SO 2 /O 2 chemistry has the advantage of both the CD controllability and the selectivity to underlayers. Field emission Auger electron spectroscopy (FE-AES) analysis revealed that the SO 2 gas is useful for sidewall protection due to the sulfur deposition. In dry development etching, the controllability of the etched profile was investigated. It was dicovered that the Vpp (peak to peak voltage of RF bias) increases with increasing SO 2 flow ratio to O 2 so that a recession occurs in the silylated layer due to high ion energy. A vertical profile was obtained for a 0.13 µm pattern of resist and poly-Si optimizing SO 2 /O 2 gas chemistry.
Structural Ordering in Nanotube Polymer Composites (2004)

The structural properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composite interfaces have been studied through molecular dynamics simulations. Polymer (polyethylene) molecules are found to form discrete adsorption layers as a function of radial distance from the axis of the nanotube. The molecules within the adsorption layers prefer to align parallel to the tube axis. A structural order parameter of orientation, SZ, has been investigated in detail and shows a discrete peaking behavior that is in correlation with the peaks in the density distribution function. An increase in the structural order parameter has been shown to contribute to the mechanical modulus of the composite, and the orientation-related changes have been found to be inelastic in nature.
Azacitidine in the management of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (2012)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoeitic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and potential transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). For decades, the mainstay of treatment for MDS was supportive care, including transfusion of blood products and growth factors. Further understanding of disease biology led to the discovery of a high prevalence of hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in high-risk MDS and secondary leukemias. Hence, the role of irreversible DNA methlytransferase inhibitors such as azacitidine was investigated with promising outcomes in the treatment of MDS. Azacitidine was initially approved in the USA by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 for the treatment of all subtypes of MDS and was granted expanded approval in 2009 to reflect new overall survival data demonstrated in the AZA-001 study of patients with higher-risk MDS. Azacitidine has demonstrated significant and clinically meaningful prolongation of survival in higher-risk patients with MDS and has changed the natural history of these disorders. The agent maintains a relatively safe toxicity profile, even in older patients. The role of azacitidine has been explored in the treatment of AML and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and has also been studied in the peritransplant setting. Azacitidine has been combined with other novel agents such as lenalidomide, histone deacetylase inhibitors and growth factors in the hope of achieving improved outcomes. Currently, both intravenous and subcutaneous forms of azacitidine are approved for use in the USA with the oral form being granted fast track status by the FDA.
A Novel Molecular Beacon Bearing a Graphite Nanoparticle as a Nanoquencher for In situ mRNA Detection in Cancer Cells (2012)

Molecular beacons (MBs) have shown fascinating applications in many biological fields. However, exploration of cost-effective, sensitive, stable and efficient MB for in situ live cell- based assay has still room for improvement. In this regards, we have developed a novel MB which bears a spherical graphite nanoparticle (GN) as a fluorescent quencher. The GN resulted in the high quenching efficiency, and the presence of GN enhanced the biological stability and transfection of the MB into the cells, thereby enabling the real-time survivin mRNA detection and quantification in the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These results demonstrated that the advancement of the proposed MB containing a GN nanoquencher can be used as a robust molecular probe for genetic analysis in the cells.