gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of aberrant promoter methylation of RNF180, DAPK1 and SFRP2 in plasma DNA of patients with gastric cancer (2014)

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in East Asia, particularly in China, and remains the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. However, no effective plasma biomarkers have been identified for the diagnosis of patients with GC. The aim of this study was to investigate the DNA methylation status of the ring finger protein 180 (RNF180), secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) and death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) genes in the plasma samples of 57 GC patients and 42 control individuals with no malignant disease, and to evaluate the clinical utility of these makers. A significantly higher level of methylation was observed in the plasma DNA of GC patients when compared with that of controls for the three genes investigated (RNF180, 57.89% vs. 23.81%; DAPK1, 49.12% vs. 28.57%; and SFRP2, 71.93% vs. 42.86%). No association was identified between the DAPK1 or SFRP2 methylation level in the plasma DNA and the clinicopathological parameters of patients. Notably, RNF180 methylation was found to positively correlate with tumor size (P=0.018), histological type (P=0.025), TNM stage (P=0.002), lymph node metastasis (P=0.008) and distant metastasis (P=0.018). Overall, 50 cancer patients (87.72%) exhibited methylation of at least one of the three markers, while 26 normal subjects presented methylation in plasma DNA [specificity, 38.1%; odds ratio (OR), 4.4]. The combined use of RNF180 and SFRP2 as methylation markers appeared to be the most preferable predictor with regard to predictive power and cost-performance (OR, 5.57; P=0.0002). The results of the present study indicate that aberrant promoter methylation of genes in the plasma may be detected in a substantial proportion of GC patients and thus, these genes must be evaluated in the screening and surveillance of GC.
Model-based registration of ex vivo and in vivo MRI of the prostate using elastography (2013)

Registration of histopathology to in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate is an important task that can be used to optimize in vivo imaging for cancer detection. Such registration is challenging due to the change in volume and deformation of the prostate during excision and fixation. One approach towards this problem involves the use of an ex vivo MRI of the excised prostate specimen, followed by in vivo to ex vivo MRI registration of the prostate. We propose a novel registration method that uses a patient-specific biomechanical model acquired using magnetic resonance elastography to deform the in vivo volume and match it to the surface of the ex vivo specimen. The forces that drive the deformations are derived from a region-based energy, with the elastic potential used for regularization. The incorporation of elastography data into the registration framework allows inhomogeneous elasticity to be assigned to the in vivo volume. We show that such inhomogeneity improves the registration results by providing a physical regularization of the deformation map. The method is demonstrated and evaluated on six clinical cases.
Oblivious RAM with O((log N)) Worst-Case Cost (2011)

Abstract. Oblivious RAM is a useful primitive that allows a client to hide its data access patterns from an untrusted server in storage outsourcing applications. Until recently, most prior works on Oblivious RAM aim to optimize its amortized cost, while suffering from linear or even higher worst-case cost. Such poor worstcase behavior renders these schemes impractical in realistic settings, since a data access request can occasionally be blocked waiting for an unreasonably large number of operations to complete. This paper proposes novel Oblivious RAM constructions that achieves poly-logarithmic worst-case cost, while consuming constant client-side storage. To achieve the desired worst-case asymptotic performance, we propose a novel technique in which we organize the O-RAM storage into a binary tree over data buckets, while moving data blocks obliviously along tree edges.
Influence of pH on Toxicity of Vanadium in Mice (1953)

1. Data have been presented to show that pH plays an important role in the toxic response of mice injected with vanadium. Shifting the pH of vanadium solutions toward greater acidity tended to decrease the toxicity. 2. One of the processes by which vanadium is detoxified is probably acidification. Increasing the blood bicarbonate conversely appears to retard detoxication.
Myocardial Contractile Dysfunction Is Associated With Impaired Mitochondrial Function and Dynamics in Type 2 Diabetic but Not in Obese Patients (2014)

Worsening of intrinsic myocardial contraction in the transition from obesity to diabetes mellitus is likely related to worsening of cardiac mitochondrial function because impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics and contractile dysfunction are observed in diabetic patients but not in "metabolically healthy" obese patients at early stage in insulin resistance.
Effects of Fulvic Acid on Fe(II) Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide (1996)

Iron redox cycling can catalyze the oxidation of humic substances and increase the rate of oxygen consumption in surface waters rich in iron and organic carbon. This study examines the role of Fenton's reaction [oxidation of Fe(II) by hydrogen peroxide] in this catalytic cycle. A number of competing processes were observed in model systems containing dissolved Fe, hydrogen peroxide, and Suwannee River fulvic acid. First, the effective rate constant of Fenton's reaction increased with increasing fulvic acid concentration, indicating the formation of Fe(II)−fulvate complexes that react more rapidly with hydrogen peroxide than Fe(II)−aquo complexes. This effect was significant at pH 5 but negligible at pH 3. A second effect was scavenging of the HO• radical produced in Fenton's reaction by fulvic acid, forming an organic radical. The organic radical reduced oxygen to HO2•/O2•-, which then regenerated hydrogen peroxide by reaction with Fe(II). Finally, Fe(III) was reduced by a dark reaction with fulvic acid, characterized by an initially fast reduction followed by slower processes. The behavior of Fe(II) and hydrogen peroxide over time in the presence of fulvic acid and oxygen could be described by a kinetic model taking all of these reactions into account. The net result was an iron redox cycle in which hydrogen peroxide as well as oxygen were consumed (even though direct oxidation of Fe(II) by oxygen was not significant), and the oxidation of fulvic acid was accelerated.
Recombinant Antibodies to Arm Cytotoxic Lymphocytes in Cancer Immunotherapy (2017)

Immunotherapy has the potential to support and expand the body's own armamentarium of immune effector functions, which have been circumvented during malignant transformation and establishment of cancer and is presently considered to be the most promising treatment option for cancer patients. Recombinant antibody technologies have led to a multitude of novel antibody formats, which are in clinical development and hold great promise for future therapies. Among these formats, bispecific antibodies are extremely versatile due to their high efficacy to recruit and activate anti-tumoral immune effector cells, their excellent safety profile, and the opportunity for use in combination with cellular therapies. This review article summarizes the latest developments in cancer immunotherapy using immuno-engagers for recruiting T cells and NK cells to the tumor site. In addition to antibody formats, malignant cell targets, and immune cell targets, opportunities for combination therapies, including check point inhibitors, cytokines and adoptive transfer of immune cells, will be summarized and discussed.
Improved Carbon Incorporation in Selective Epitaxial Growth of SiGe:C for HBT Applications (2006)

We studied the incorporation of carbon in SiGe with high growth rate (HGR) selective epitaxy. The incorporation of C in substitutional sites was found to be dramatically enhanced with the HGR process. Both electrical results and the SIMS/XRD analyses are in agreement. We have to note the large improvement since recombination is observed for C concentration as low as 0.1% for the LGR process, whereas no degradation is observed on the whole studied range (0-0.35%) with the HGR process. And such an improved C incorporation is clearly favorable to reduce B diffusion, as shown with static and dynamic HBT performances. More complete results including SIMS diffusion profiles and HBTs performances are reported in the full paper
Raymond Limbosch, Le Vers oral et l'E caduc (1925)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Facile Synthesis of Gold-Supported Thin Film of Cobalt Oxide via AACVD for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity in Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2018)

Herein, we report a rapid and facile synthetic methodology for robust, nanostructured films of cobalt oxide over metal evaporated gold layer of 50 nm, directly onto plain glass substrates via aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) approach. The films thus prepared are characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDX spectroscopy as a function of deposition time (i.e., 5 min – 20 min). It is remarkably shown that the film growth rate is 0.8 nmSec−1 using this AACVD method and a commercially available precursor, which is ∼10 times higher as compared to the electrochemical synthetic routes. As a result, 250 nm thick cobalt oxide films are generated only in 5 minutes of deposition time. The water oxidation reaction for this film started at ∼0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl with current density of 10 mA cm−2 is achieved at ∼0.75 V that corresponds to an overpotential of 484 mV. This current density is further increased to 60 mA cm−2 at ∼1.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) calculations are also performed which indicated that the synergy between Au-film acting as electron sink and the cobalt oxide film acting as catalytic layer are more pronounced than the surface area effects.
Specifying colour and maintaining colour accuracy for 3D printing (2008)

Advances in rapid prototyping technologies have led to the emergence of three-dimensional printers which can fabricate physical artefacts, including the application of surface colours. In light of these developments, this paper asserts that the need to print colour accurately is just as important for designers using three-dimensional colour printing as it is for two-dimensional inkjet printing. Parallels can be made with two-dimensional digital Inkjet printing and 2D common problems include: on screen previsualisation, colour management methods, colour gamut and maintaining colour accuracy. However, for three dimensional colour printed objects, there are more variables that will affect the finished colour. These are: the powder and process inks, unevenness of the surface, wax post-processing and other infiltration media and procedures. Furthermore, in some 3D printers, the K channel is replaced by the binder and so the printer is only using the cyan, magenta and yellow channels. The paper will suggest methods for improving pre-visualisation and accurate pre-viewing of the colours through the manufacture of three-dimensional colour charts as a reference guide for designers so that they can make accurate coloured artefacts. A series of case studies will be demonstrated.
A Proposed Scheme for Epidemic Routing with Active Curing for Opportunistic Networks (2008)

Opportunistic networking is emerging as a technique to exploit chance encounters among mobile nodes, and is distinct from previously studied behaviors found in sensor and ad hoc networking research. In this paper, we explore contributions in epidemic data dissemination and mobile ad hoc networks applicable to opportunistic networking, and propose an extension to prior work based on active cures. Our scheme, called SERAC, increases the rate at which cure messages are propagated in a fragmented network for the purpose of reducing the overhead of outstanding yet incompletely disseminated messages. Preliminary analyses demonstrate the feasibility of performance gains under the opportunistic networking model.
Considerations for Software Defined Networking (SDN): Approaches and use cases (2013)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an evolutionary approach to network design and functionality based on the ability to programmatically modify the behavior of network devices. SDN uses user-customizable and configurable software that's independent of hardware to enable networked systems to expand data flow control. SDN is in large part about understanding and managing a network as a unified abstraction. It will make networks more flexible, dynamic, and cost-efficient, while greatly simplifying operational complexity. And this advanced solution provides several benefits including network and service customizability, configurability, improved operations, and increased performance. There are several approaches to SDN and its practical implementation. Among them, two have risen to prominence with differences in pedigree and implementation. This paper's main focus will be to define, review, and evaluate salient approaches and use cases of the OpenFlow and Virtual Network Overlay approaches to SDN. OpenFlow is a communication protocol that gives access to the forwarding plane of a network's switches and routers. The Virtual Network Overlay relies on a completely virtualized network infrastructure and services to abstract the underlying physical network, which allows the overlay to be mobile to other physical networks. This is an important requirement for cloud computing, where applications and associated network services are migrated to cloud service providers and remote data centers on the fly as resource demands dictate. The paper will discuss how and where SDN can be applied and implemented, including research and academia, virtual multitenant data center, and cloud computing applications. Specific attention will be given to the cloud computing use case, where automated provisioning and programmable overlay for scalable multi-tenancy is leveraged via the SDN approach.
Age-dependent regulation of vasopressin V<sub>1a</sub>receptors in preglomerular vessels from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (2004)

Experiments were performed to get insight into the role of AVP receptor V(1a) regulation with age, i.e., during development and maintenance of high blood pressure. Previous studies showed an increased gene expression and renal vascular response to AVP in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The age regulation of the V(1a) receptor was examined in preglomerular vessels from 5-, 10-, 20-, and 70-wk-old SHR using normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) as controls. Real-time PCR and ligand binding were used for analysis of receptor expression, and the change in cytosolic calcium concentration during stimulation of isolated preglomerular vessels with AVP was studied. Studies showed an increase of the V(1a) receptor protein and mRNA from 5-and 10-wk-old SHR compared with vessels from 20- and 70-wk-old SHR. In 5-wk-old SHR receptor density was 84 +/- 13 fmol/mg protein, and 38 +/- 11 fmol/mg protein in 70-wk-old SHR (P < 0.05). mRNA in the 5- and 70-wk-old SHR was 15,854 +/- 629 and 3,181 +/- 224 V(1a) mRNA/108 18S ribosomal RNA, respectively (P < 0.001). Values from WKY at all ages were similar to 20- and 70-wk-old SHR. During stimulation with AVP, the change in cytosolic calcium in vessels from 5-wk-old SHR increased 234 +/- 59 nM, whereas the increase was 89 +/- 9 nM in 70-wk-old SHR (P = 0.03). These results indicate that the V(1a) receptor is increased at protein and mRNA level during development of hypertension in SHR but is normalized when hypertension is established.
The DWF4 Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Cytochrome P450 That Mediates Multiple 22a-Hydroxylation Steps in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis (1998)

Sunghwa Choe, Brian P. Dilkes, Shozo Fujioka, Suguru Takatsuto, Akira Sakurai, Kenneth A. Feldmann, The DWF4 Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Cytochrome P450 That Mediates Multiple 22α-Hydroxylation Steps in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Feb., 1998), pp. 231-243
The Isolation and Identification of Galactitol from the Brains of Galactosemia Patients (1965)

The presence of acyclic polyols in mammalian tissue was formerly considered a rare finding confined to specialized tissue (I). Van Heyningen reported the occurrence of significant quantities of galactitol in the lens of galactose-fed rats, although only minor amount,s of the hexitol were located in the heart and leg muscle (2). Other tissues which were examined, blood, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, contained no detectable amounts of galactitol. Recently, however, galactitol was isolated from the urine of two’ male, galactosemia patients (3). By utilizing the convenient and sensitive technique of gas-liquid chromatography (4, 5) for the analysis of the urine and lens of rats fed a 35% galactose-containing diet, we have confirmed the ability of normal rats to convert significant amounts of galactose to galactitol.2 In addition, however, these studies led to the detection of large amounts of free galactitol in brain and kidney tissue. It therefore became of interest to examine organs of galactosemia subjects for possible deposition of galactitol. This report describes the analysis and isolation of galactitol from the brains of two galactosemia patients.
Emergence of <i>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus</i> in the United States: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences (2013)

During the 10 days commencing April 29, 2013, the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory received the first 4 of many submissions from swine farms experiencing explosive epidemics of diarrhea and vomiting affecting all ages, with 90-95% mortality in suckling pigs. Histology revealed severe atrophy of villi in all segments of the small intestines with occasional villus-epithelial syncytial cells, but testing for rotaviruses and Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (Alphacoronavirus 1) were negative. Negative-staining electron microscopy of feces revealed coronavirus-like particles and a pan-coronavirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) designed to amplify a conserved region of the polymerase gene for all members in the family Coronaviridae produced expected 251-bp amplicons. Subsequent sequencing and analysis revealed 99.6-100% identity among the PCR amplicons from the 4 farms and 97-99% identity to the corresponding portion of the polymerase gene of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strains, with the highest identity (99%) to strains from China in 2012. Findings were corroborated at National Veterinary Services Laboratories using 2 nested S-gene and 1 nested N-gene PCR tests where the sequenced amplicons also had the highest identity with 2012 China strains. Whole genome sequence for the virus from 2 farms in 2 different states using next-generation sequencing technique was compared to PEDV sequences available in GenBank. The 2013 U.S. PEDV had 96.6-99.5% identity with all known PEDV strains and the highest identity (>99.0%) to some of the 2011-2012 Chinese strains. The nearly simultaneous outbreaks of disease, and high degree of homology (99.6-100%) between the PEDV strains from the 4 unrelated farms, suggests a common source of virus.
Serum Immune Proteins in Moderate and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients (2015)

Immunological dysregulation is present in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), with recent studies also highlighting the importance of examining symptom severity. This research addressed this relationship between CFS/ME severity subgroups, assessing serum immunoglobulins and serum cytokines in severe and moderate CFS/ME patients. Participants included healthy controls (n= 22), moderately (n = 22) and severely (n=19) affected CFS/ME patients. The 1994 Fukuda Criteria defined CFS/ME and severity scales confirmed mobile and housebound CFS/ME patients as moderate and severe respectively. IL-1β was significantly reduced in severe compared with moderate CFS/ME patients. IL-6 was significantly decreased in moderate CFS/ME patients compared with healthy controls and severe CFS/ME patients. RANTES was significantly increased in moderate CFS/ME patients compared to severe CFS/ME patients. Serum IL-7 and IL-8 were significantly higher in the severe CFS/ME group compared with healthy controls and moderate CFS/ME patients. IFN-γ was significantly increased in severe CFS/ME patients compared with moderately affected patients. This was the first study to show cytokine variation in moderate and severe CFS/ME patients, with significant differences shown between CFS/ME symptom severity groups. This research suggests that distinguishing severity subgroups in CFS/ME research settings may allow for a more stringent analysis of the heterogeneous and otherwise inconsistent illness.
L2 acquisition and processing of Mandarin tones (2006)

Mandarin tones are manifested physically by different fundamental frequency (F0) values with F0 height and F0 contour as the primary acoustic parameters (Liu, 1924; Howie, 1976; Wu, 1986). In addition, amplitude and temporal properties such as overall duration and Turning Point are also effective phonetic correlates of the tones (Lin, 1965; Chuang et al., 1971; Moore & Jongman, 1997). Studies in the perceptual domain have shown that various acoustic cues are functionally integrated when Mandarin speakers identify the tones (Gandour, 1984; Massaro, Cohen & Tseng, 1985; Gårding et al., 1986; Blicher, Diehl & Cohen, 1990; Shen & Lin, 1991; Moore & Jongman, 1997). The hemispheric processing of Mandarin tones for native speakers is lateralized in the left hemisphere, suggesting that tones are processed as linguistic units, just like segmental properties (Hsieh et al., 2001; Wang, Jongman & Sereno, 2001).
Chaos and locking in a semiconductor laser due to external injection (1994)

We have analyzed the behavior of a semiconductor laser subjected to increasing external injection. Numerical simulations show the well-known nonlinear modulation and locking regimes, followed by an intermediate chaotic region that precedes definitive locking to the external source at significantly higher injection levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia aggregate in nondiabetic children and adolescents with higher fasting plasma glucose levels (2010)

Aggregation of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and abnormal glycemia was found at FPG level above 100 mg/dL, which supported the definition of abnormal glycemia in metabolic syndrome by the International Diabetes Federation in 10- to 16-yr-old children. These findings also suggest that this FPG cutoff is reasonable for 6- to 10-yr-old children.