gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Interwell Fracture Interference and Huff-N-Puff Pressure Containment in Eagle Ford Using EDFM (2019)

Abstract Optimizing spacing of infill wells and fractures can lead to large rewards for shale field operators, and these considerations have influences on primary and tertiary development of the field. Although several studies have been employed to show the existence of well interference, few models have also implemented Huff-n-Puff and injection containment methods to optimize further hydraulic fracture designs and pressure containment to improve the efficiency of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). This study has performed a rigorous workflow for estimating the impacts of spatial variations in fracture conductivity and complexity on fracture geometries of interwell interference. Furthermore, we applied a non-intrusive embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) method in conjunction with a commercial compositional reservoir simulator to investigate the impact of well interference through connecting fractures by multi-well history matching to propose profitable opportunities for Huff-n-Puff application. First, based on a robust understanding of fracture properties, updated production data and multi-pad wellbore image logging data from Eagle Ford, the model was constructed to perform nine wells sector model history matching. Later, inter-well connecting fractures were employed for enhanced history matching where results varied significantly from unmeasured fracture sensitivities. The result is the implementation of Huff-n-Puff models that capture inter-well interference seen in the field and their affordable impact sensitivities focused on variable injection rates/locations and multi-point water injection to mimic pressure barriers. The simulation results strengthened the understanding of modeling complex fracture geometries with robust history matching and support the need to incorporate containment strategies. Moreover, the simulation outcomes show that well interference is present and reduces effectiveness of the fracture hits when connecting natural fractures. As a result of the inter-well long fractures, the bottom hole pressure behavior of the parent wells tends to equalize, and the pressure does not recover fast enough. Furthermore, the EDFM application is strongly supported by complex fracture propagation interpretation and ductility to be represented in the reservoir. Through this study, multiple containment scenarios were proposed to contain the pressure in the area of interest. The model has become a valuable template to inform the impacts on well location and spacing, completion design, initial huff-n-puff decisions, subsequent containment strategies (e.g. to improve cycle timing and efficiency), and to expand to other areas of the field. The simulation results and understandings afforded have been applied to the field satisfactorily to support pressure containment benefits that lead to increased pressure build, reduced gas communication, reduced offset shut-in volumes, and ultimately, improvements in net utilization and capital efficiency.
Scalable Meta-Learning for Bayesian Optimization (2018)

Bayesian optimization has become a standard technique for hyperparameter optimization, including data-intensive models such as deep neural networks that may take days or weeks to train. We consider the setting where previous optimization runs are available, and we wish to use their results to warm-start a new optimization run. We develop an ensemble model that can incorporate the results of past optimization runs, while avoiding the poor scaling that comes with putting all results into a single Gaussian process model. The ensemble combines models from past runs according to estimates of their generalization performance on the current optimization. Results from a large collection of hyperparameter optimization benchmark problems and from optimization of a production computer vision platform at Facebook show that the ensemble can substantially reduce the time it takes to obtain near-optimal configurations, and is useful for warm-starting expensive searches or running quick re-optimizations.
Syntheses and characterization of model imide compounds and chemical imidization study (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses and characterization of model imide compounds and chemical imidization studyMohammed H. Kailani, Chong Sook Paik Sung, and Samuel J. HuangCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 14, 3751–3757Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00040a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00040a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views831Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microsoft Office OneNote 2003 Step by Step (Step By Step (Microsoft)) (2004)

The smart way to learn how to take and organize great notes with OneNote 2003-one step at a time! Build exactly the skills you need by working at your own pace through easy-to-follow lessons and hands-on practice files on CD.
YBaCuO thick films on planar and curved technical substrates (1997)

For high-current applications, homogeneous well-textured high-temperature-superconducting Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBaCuO) films on technical ceramic or metallic substrates are required. The ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) buffer layers, which serve as templates for the YBaCuO, was extended to large planar areas (20 cm/spl times/20 cm) as well as curved or cylindrical (diameter /spl les/15 mm) substrates. For both types of substrates a pronounced in-plane alignment is observed. A deposition equipment is developed to grow high-quality YBaCuO films also on tubes by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), which is characterized by a high long-term stability both of the deposition rate and of the surface temperature of the growing film. Current densities up to 0.9/spl times/10/sup 6/ A cm/sup -2/ at 77 K in self fields are observed in films on planar Ni foils with biaxially aligned YSZ buffers (bi-YSZ). For the coating of long lengths of tubes and tapes a translation and a rotation of the samples are incorporated both in the buffer as well as in the YBaCuO-deposition process. Furthermore, the dependence of the critical transport current densities, J/sub c/, of the HTS layer on magnetic fields and on mechanical stresses are investigated.
Simultaneous Monitoring of Cell Number and Metabolic Activity of Specific Bacterial Populations with a Dual <i>gfp-luxAB</i> Marker System (1999)

A dual marker system was developed for simultaneous quantification of bacterial cell numbers and their activity with the luxAB and gfp genes, encoding bacterial luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP), respectively. The bioluminescence phenotype of the luxAB biomarker is dependent on cellular energy status. Since cellular metabolism requires energy, bioluminescence output is directly related to the metabolic activity of the cells. By contrast, GFP fluorescence has no energy requirement. Therefore, by combining these two biomarkers, total cell number and metabolic activity of a specific marked cell population could be monitored simultaneously. Two different bacterial strains, Escherichia coli DH5alpha and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25, were chromosomally tagged with the dual marker cassette, and the cells were monitored under different conditions by flow cytometry, plate counting, and luminometry. During log-phase growth, the luciferase activity was proportional to the number of GFP-fluorescent cells and culturable cells. Upon entrance into stationary phase or during starvation, luciferase activity decreased due to a decrease in cellular metabolic activity of the population, but the number of GFP-fluorescing cells and culturable cells remained relatively stable. In addition, we optimized a procedure for extraction of bacterial cells from soil, allowing GFP-tagged bacteria in soil samples to be quantitated by flow cytometry. After 30 days of incubation of P. fluorescens SBW25::gfp/lux in soil, the cells were still maintained at high population densities, as determined by GFP fluorescence, but there was a slow decline in luciferase activity, implicating nutrient limitation. In conclusion, the dual marker system allowed simultaneous monitoring of the metabolic activity and cell number of a specific bacterial population and is a promising tool for monitoring of specific bacteria in situ in environmental samples.
Application of geometrical algebra to neural computations (2012)

Geometrical algebra has been proved to be a powerful mathematical language for neural computations. An overview of some approaches in this area is given in the paper. Applications of the geometrical algebra methods to the geometrical transformations in computer graphics, robot vision and inverse kinematic problem are considered.
Conformational screening of oligonucleotides by variable‐temperature high performance liquid chromatography: Dissecting the duplex–hairpin–coil equilibria of d(CGCGAATTCGCG) (2004)

This study probes the potential of variable-temperature high performance liquid chromatography (VT-HPLC) as a tool for dissecting and modulating nucleic acid structural transitions, using as a model the duplex-hairpin-coil transitions of d(CGCGAATTCGCG). It is demonstrated that VT-HPLC, combined with diode-array detection of the uv signal, enables, for the first time, a physical separation of spectroscopically distinct species that can be assigned to the duplex, hairpin, and coil forms of d(CGCGAATTCGCG). Although the species are spectroscopically distinguishable, they are not readily isolated. Hence, if fractions from the peaks for hairpin or duplex forms are collected and subsequently reinjected onto the cartridge, reequilibration occurs, and both hairpin and duplex peaks are observed. Area integration of the peaks corresponding to duplex and hairpin species provides a means to monitor the duplex to hairpin transition at effective concentrations in the nanomolar range, well below that accessible by conventional spectrophotometers. Concentration-dependent equilibrium constants, melting temperatures, and standard state enthalpies extracted from our measurements compare very well with previous literature results, and with our own results that take into account the effect of our solvent conditions [100 mM TEAA (triethylammonium acetate) and variable acetonitrile] on the melting behavior. By combining precise temperature control with separation based on size, physical behavior, and interaction free energies, VT-HPLC provides a powerful tool for both the modulation and the separation of nucleic acid conformations.
Ocular angiostatic agents (2000)

As angiogenesis is important to the developing eye, continued proliferation in the post-natal period will result in a host of ocular disorders, many of which will lead to blindness. Significant inroads to the impedance of aberrant vessel growth have been derived from numerous fields of study including oncology, wound healing and ophthalmology. Angiogenesis is a complex process involving a variety of steps including: elaboration of angiogenic factors, activation of receptor linked signalling pathways, altered gene expression resulting in modulation of the receptor/signalling pathway or to the production of extracellular proteinases that degrade the vascular endothelial cell (VEC) basement membrane and components of the extracellular matrix. Extracellular modifications are required for migration of activated VECs and subsequent differentiation into newly formed blood vessels. To all aspects of the angiogenic cascade, new drug candidates have been described and tested in a variety of ocular neovascularisation models. A number of these agents are currently in clinical phases of investigation for disorders in both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.
The Preventive Effect of Ginseng with Du-Zhong Leaf on Protein Metabolism in Aging. (1997)

Stimulation of collagen synthesis prevents the aging process. We found such a synergistic effect by using the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, Eucomiaceae (Du-Zhong leaf) and the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER (Ginseng). The formula consists of amounts which exert no effect when used individually. We tested several formula ratios of Ginseng and Du-Zhong leaf, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, and concluded that the last two formulas were effective. However, we did not observe a significant difference between 1:3 and 1:4. Thus, it was demonstrated that the formula ratio of Ginseng to Du-Zhong leaf of 1:3 was the most effective for the stimulation of collagen synthesis and the prevention of decreased protein metabolism in aging.
On the steady motion of viscous liquid in a corner (1949)

1. In a steady two-dimensional motion of viscous liquid in the sharp corner formed by the rigid straight boundaries θ = 0, α, where r , θ are plane polar coordinates, it is found that, near enough to the corner, the most important term in the stream-function is of the form r m f (θ). The index m is evaluated in §§ 2–4 for values of α between 360 and 90°, and is found to be complex if α is less than about 146°; the limiting form of the stream-function when α is small is considered in § 5.
High linearity K-band InP HBT power amplifier MMIC with 62.8% PAE at 21 GHz (2003)

We report the first InP HBT MMIC power amplifier chip results at K-band. A 21 GHz fully monolithic 2 mil InP HBT power MMIC which achieves 62.8% PAE with 10 dB gain and 20 dBm output power. A higher power MMIC at 18.5 GHz achieved 25 dBm output power with 40% PAE at 1 dB compression under class AB operation with no noticeable gain expansion. The MMIC has low distortion with 3/sup rd/ order IM suppression C/I of -30.2 dBc and 5th order suppression C/I of -50.8 dBc at a combined output power of 19.3 dBm. Both amplifiers were operated under low DC power with a conservative peak current densities of <35 kA/cm/sup 2/ and a Vce of <3.3 V; showing a potential reliable application in communications.
Noise analysis of LSO-PSAPD PET detector front-end multiplexing circuits (2007)

We are designing a 1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> resolution PET (Positron Emission Tomography) system with over twenty-thousand readout channels. Multiplexing of the PSAPD (position sensitive avalanche photodiode) detectors would simplify the readout electronics and reduce the density of the circuit board design. We used simulations and experiments to study the performance of three front-end circuit configurations, 1) no multiplexing, 2) multiplexing with single-ended preamplifiers, and 3) multiplexing with differential preamplifiers, by evaluating their energy resolution and crystal identification ability. With single-ended multiplexing, there is no degradation in energy resolution but there is some degradation in crystal identification. With the novel differential multiplexing scheme presented in this paper, in simulation, there is less than 0.1dB degradation in energy resolution and no significant degradation in crystal identification. We also present a pseudo-differential technique which can be used when differential preamplifiers are not available, which we found gives a slight improvement over single-ended multiplexing.
Performance evaluation and cache analysis of an ILP protocol implementation (1996)

Integrated layer processing (ILP) is an implementation concept that "permits the implementor the option of performing all the (data) manipulation steps in one or two integrated processing loops". To estimate the achievable benefits of ILP, a file transfer application with an encryption function on top of a user-level TCP has been implemented and the performance of the application in terms of throughput and packet processing times has been measured. The results show that it is possible to obtain performance benefits by integrating marshalling, encryption, and TCP checksum calculation. The experiments yielded in a throughput gain of only 10-20% in contrast to the 50% gain achieved for simple loop experiments. Simulations of memory access and cache hit rate show that the main benefit of ILP is reduced memory access rather than an improved cache hit rate. ILP reduced the number of memory accesses up to 30% in the experiment, but the relative amount of cache misses could not be reduced compared to a carefully designed non-ILP implementation. The results also show that data manipulation characteristics may significantly influence the cache behavior and the achievable performance gain of ILP. Considering these results, ILP can only be recommended in cases where the the ILP loop consists of several, but very simple data manipulations without complex calculations over the data.
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Antidepressants (2004)

An understanding of the clinical pharmacology of antidepressant agents is essential for optimal prescribing. This chapter outlines general principles that influence prescribing, then discusses specific subgroups of antidepressants. There is no generally accepted classification scheme for antidepressants; current groupings reflect marketing practices, the history of drug development, and pharmacological effects. We use the following terms in our discussion: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), cyclic antidepressants, mixed action agents, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and alternative (nontra-ditional) antidepressants. Readers should keep in mind, however, that we have chosen a compromise classification system that is based on terms commonly used in clinical settings.
Nanomedicine therapeutic approaches to overcome cancer drug resistance (2013)

Nanomedicine is an emerging form of therapy that focuses on alternative drug delivery and improvement of the treatment efficacy while reducing detrimental side effects to normal tissues. Cancer drug resistance is a complicated process that involves multiple mechanisms. Here we discuss the major forms of drug resistance and the new possibilities that nanomedicines offer to overcome these treatment obstacles. Novel nanomedicines that have a high ability for flexible, fast drug design and production based on tumor genetic profiles can be created making drug selection for personal patient treatment much more intensive and effective. This review aims to demonstrate the advantage of the young medical science field, nanomedicine, for overcoming cancer drug resistance. With the advanced design and alternative mechanisms of drug delivery known for different nanodrugs including liposomes, polymer conjugates, micelles, dendrimers, carbon-based, and metallic nanoparticles, overcoming various forms of multi-drug resistance looks promising and opens new horizons for cancer treatment.
Functional growth hormone (GH) receptors and GH are expressed by preimplantation mouse embryos: A role for GH in early embryogenesis? (1997)

The results of this study challenge the widely held view that growth hormone (GH) acts only during the postnatal period. RNA phenotyping shows transcripts for the GH receptor and GH-binding protein in mouse preimplantation embryos of all stages from fertilized eggs (day 1) to blastocysts (day 4). An antibody specific to the cytoplasmic region of the GH receptor revealed receptor protein expression, first in two-cell embryos, the stage of activation of the embryonic genome (day 2), and in all subsequent stages. In cleavage-stage embryos this immunoreactivity was localized mainly to the nucleus, but clear evidence of membrane labeling was apparent in blastocysts. GH receptor immunoreactivity was also observed in cumulus cells associated with unfertilized oocytes but not in the unfertilized oocytes. The blastocyst receptor was demonstrated to be functional, exhibiting the classic bell-shaped dose-response curves for GH stimulation of both 3-O-methyl glucose transport and protein synthesis. Maximal stimulation of 40-50% was seen for both responses at less than 1 ng/ml recombinant GH, suggesting a role for maternal GH. However mRNA transcripts for GH were also detected from the morula stage (day 3) by using reverse transcription-PCR, and GH immunoreactivity was seen in blastocysts. These observations raise the possibility of a paracrine/autocrine GH loop regulating embryonic development in its earliest stages.
Concentration and Competition (1940)

THE DISCUSSION of these two subjects has been much confused by two conditions: a confusion of terminology and a neglect of the teachings of economic history. These two conditions are perhaps inevitable when large numbers of persons are intensely interested in matters requiring for their understanding more thorough knowledge of the subject than is possible for many nonprofessional students to acquire. They have been intensified by the spirit of the times, which causes many even of the professional economists to neglect the experience and the learning of the past and to assume that conditions are entirely new and require an entirely new theoretical analysis, preferably expressed in an entirely new terminology. For example, the term concentration is sometimes used to describe a state, sometimes to describe a process. Whether used in the static or dynamic it is applied with little discrimination to wealth, income, control, or even geographical location. Now it is obvious that we might have an existing condition of concentration without any recent or prospective increase in concentration. It is also obvious that we might have a concentration on any one of the four factors-wealth or income or control or location-without a concentration of any of the other three. Income is not all derived from wealth; most income is derived from labor. Ownership is not always necessary for control; the I.C.C. controls the railroads and the S.E.C. controls the stock exchanges, often contrary to the desires of the
A complete protein pattern of cellulase and hemicellulase genes in the filamentous fungus <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> (2006)

The complete protein pattern of cellulase and hemicellulase genes was studied through the Genome-wide analysis in Trichoderma reesei. The genome database revealed the presence of 39 ORFs encoding related proteins, including 32 enzymes with a catalysis domain related to cellulases and hemicellulases and 7 related proteins with a cellulose-binding module (CBM). Ten of these encoded yet undescribed enzymes, including six novel beta-glucosidases or xylosidases, two putative xylanases and two undescribed mannases. To better illustrate the relation of these 39 related proteins, four groups were created and analyzed by phylogenetic analysis: group A corresponding to xylanases, group B belonging to mannases and acting to degrade mannan; group C containing all known and putative cellulose-degrading proteins that have highly conserved CBMs; and group D containing beta-glucosidase and beta-xylosidase. Group D was the largest group, in which 8 beta-glucosidases appeared to be non-secreted proteins.