gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflectional Review of Deep Learning on Natural Language Processing (2018)

In the age of knowledge, Natural Language Processing (NLP) express its demand by a huge range of utilization. Previously NLP was dealing with statically data. Contemporary time NLP is doing considerably with the corpus, lexicon database, pattern reorganization. Considering Deep Learning (DL) method recognize artificial Neural Network (NN) to nonlinear process, NLP tools become increasingly accurate and efficient that begin a debacle. Multi-Layer Neural Network obtaining the importance of the NLP for its capability including standard speed and resolute output. Hierarchical designs of data operate recurring processing layers to learn and with this arrangement of DL methods manage several practices. In this paper, this resumed striving to reach a review of the tools and the necessary methodology to present a clear understanding of the association of NLP and DL for truly understand in the training. Efficiency and execution both are improved in NLP by Part of speech tagging (POST), Morphological Analysis, Named Entity Recognition (NER), Semantic Role Labeling (SRL), Syntactic Parsing, and Coreference resolution. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Time Delay Neural Networks (TDNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), and Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) dealings among Dense Vector (DV), Windows Approach (WA), and Multitask learning (MTL) as a characteristic of Deep Learning. After statically methods, when DL communicate the influence of NLP, the individual form of the NLP process and DL rule collaboration was started a fundamental connection.
Active Slug Management (2006)

Abstract Slug flow, or instabilities, in multiphase wells and -pipelines feeding oil- and gas processing facilities may cause operational challenges related to avoiding unplanned partial- or complete shutdowns, satisfying flaring volumes, managing sand production, maintaining on-spec production, proving of fiscal meters, etc. Conventional approaches to manage slug flow in wells and pipelines include: choking the well/pipeline, increasing gas lift rate(s), and/or providing overcapacity to accommodate the slugs that are produced erratically. All these conventional approaches imply inefficient production or expensive over-design. In this paper, a different—from choking and use of gas lift for stabilization—non-intrusive approach to slug management in wells and pipelines is presented. However, it will typically be complementary to other means, like choking and excessive use of gas lift, of handling slug flow challenges. The approach also applies to handling challenges related to oscillations and transients in the total production system, not only in the wells and pipelines. It may be interpreted as slug management from a practical dynamical systems point-of-view. It has emerged as a result of providing oil- and gas field operators with services and solutions with respect to slug management since the late 1990's. The associated base of experience includes hands-on experience from approximately 20 fields—mainly in the North Sea. The approach consists of solutions for automatic control, or, active feedback control, of well(s)/pipeline(s) and associated separators as well as services for generic handling of oscillations/instabilities including control strategy selection and -tuning. Field results from application of the approach are included. The experience gathered during these years supports that an integrated view of the dynamics of well(s)/pipeline(s) and the processing facilities is required in order to sort out proper activities and means for improving the slug management. Furthermore, it is important that this view is based on an analysis of relevant historical data. The analysis phase should involve key personnel from operations like senior operators, production-, and process engineers. It is our experience that operators who, as part of their slug management strategy, include an approach with characteristics similar to the ones summarized above, will improve operations significantly in an efficient and sustainable manner.
Effect of Osmotic Stress on Carbon Metabolism in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (1986)

NaCl, KCl, and sucrose at equiosmolar concentrations had similar inhibitory effects on photosynthetic carbon metabolism by the freshwater green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Inhibitory concentrations of these solutes altered the products of photosynthetic (14)CO(2) incorporation, resulting in reduced incorporation into starch, sugar phosphates, lactate, and glycolate, but caused an accumulation of glycerol both intracellularly and in the medium.
Simple techniques to correct for VCO nonlinearities in short range FMCW radars (2002)

Standard hardware techniques for the linearization of the frequency sweep in FMCW radars are difficult to implement and often offer only moderate improvement in linearity. A simple software-based linearization technique is introduced for short-range FMCW radars, and compared with a simple hardware linearization scheme. These techniques have been verified in an existing C-band FMCW scatterometer, and result in a dramatic focusing of the point return. The resulting range resolution (measured) approaches the theoretical limit, with a >20 dB reduction in sidelobes.
Unnatural Amino Acids. II. Congeners of <scp>DL</scp>-3-Carboxy-4-methoxyphenylalanine (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnnatural Amino Acids. II. Congeners of DL-3-Carboxy-4-methoxyphenylalanineFrederick. Leonard, Abraham. Wajngurt, Walter. Tschannen, and M. KleinCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 3, 478–481Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00315a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00315a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relationship of the GABRB3 gene to adult ADHD and personality traits in Caucasian and African-American samples (1996)

S: 1996 World Congress on Psychiatric Genetics: V. (C) GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY: PDF Only
Urinary acidifiers in phencyclidine detoxification. (1983)

Urinary acidification is widely used to increase the excretion rate of PCP in abusers. Various acidifying techniques were used and compared with regard to efficacy in lowering pH, side effects, and patient acceptability. On the basis of our findings and data from routine monitoring with test tapes, we would recommend the following acidifications procedures as efficacious and reasonably well tolerated: Ammonium chloride, 4 gm. per day, 1 gm. q.i.d., with sufficient water or cranberry juice. Lysine dihydrochloride, 6 gm. per day, 2 gm. t.i.d., with sufficient water or cranberry juice. Lysine hydrochloride, 8 gm. per day, 2 gm. q.i.d., with water or cranberry juice. Cranberry juice, 18 or more oz. per day alone, or plus lysine, ammonium chloride, or ascorbic acid.
State of the art PWM techniques: A critical evaluation (1986)

With the introduction and wide acceptance of gate turn off power devices (e.g. Bipolars, Power Fets, GTO's, etc.), the switching behavior of converters has reached the point where further improvements in firing and switching networks bring only marginal benefits. Consequently, the research interests in the area of static converters have been shifting toward improving the process of power conversion through a combination of new circuit topologies and improved voltage and harmonic control PWM techniques. As a result several such techniques have been proposed lately.
RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS TO ELECTRON SCATTERINGS (1964)

Radiative corrections to the electron scattering from nucleons and nuclei at high energies (&gt; 50 MeV) are considered. Many formulas in the MO and Tsai’s article in-Review of Modern Physics are improved--rc-- *. and better derivations of them are presented. The effects of the strag-gling of electrons in the medium due to both the external bremsstrahlung and the i.onization are included in the radiative corrections. A method for dealing with the radiative corrections to the scattering from a target material with a large Z is proposed, We suggest that the proper way to deal with the radiative corrections to the coincidence experiments is in terms of the energy-momentum distribution and the density matrix of the virtual photon exchanged; formulas needed for dealing with the problem this way are presented.
Development of µGC (micro gas chromatography) with high performance micromachined chip column (2009)

Abstract A micro gas chromatography (µGC) instrument applying a high performance chip column fabricated on a silicon wafer was developed. Experimental results of the chip column and protyping of a µGC instrument are described. Approximately 35 000 theoretical plates were generated with the chip column coated liquid phase (5% phenyl‐/95% dimethyl‐polysiloxane). The theoretical plates of the chip column were close to those of the capillary column. Experimental minimum height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP, H min ) of the chip column was 1.2 times higher than the calculated H min . A prototype µGC applying the chip column was developed. The µGC generated approximately 35 000 theoretical plates, similar to the theoretical plates obtained by a commercial GC instrument. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Coinfección del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y tuberculosis en pacientes pediátricos (1996)

Today, one third of the worId's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with more tha neigth million new cases annually. Ninety five percent of these cases occur in underdeveloped countries and the majority of them among the pediatric population and young adults. Infection by the Human Inmmunodeficiency Virus also occurs more frequentIy in developing countries and thus, tuberculosis is projected to be the most frequent opportunistic infection of the Acquired Irnmunodeficiency Syndrome in the next decade. This article reviews the most important and valid epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects that can be useful for a fast diagnostic approach and earIy treatment of a disease that day by day acquires more importance.
Molecular Response to Hypericin-Induced Photodamage (2012)

Hypericin (Hyp) is used as a powerful natural photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). After selective accumulation in tumor tissue, vessels and matrix, and activated by visible light, it destroys the tumor mainly via generation of reactive oxygen species. After photoactivation, molecular biological mechanisms lead to different cellular endpoints: "biostimulation" (increased proliferation rate), repair of the damage leading to rescue of the cells, autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis. Growth stimulation after low-dose Hyp-PDT seems to be induced via the p38 or JNK survival pathways. Since both pathways are also activated by stress, modification of these pathways may also contribute to rescue mechanisms as well as to damage processing. By increasing PDT doses beyond sublethal damage, stress response pathways are activated such as the ER-stress pathway with disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis and unfolded protein response. This leads either to apoptosis or autophagic cell death, dependent on the availability of Bax/Bak. Apoptosis triggered directly at the mitochondria or by the ER-stress response is executed via the mitochondrial pathway, whereas in some cases, the receptor-mediated pathway is preferred. If the damage is too severe, the cellular energy level low and /or the cytoplasma membrane leaky, cells will die necrotically. The different modes of cellular responses depend mainly on the PDT-protocol, photosensitizer localisation, cellular damage protection and the available intracellular energy.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE CLINICAL COURSE OF OPEN FRACTURES AT BUNDABERG BASE HOSPITAL: OUTCOMES AND IMPLICATION FOR FUTURE PRACTICE (2012)

To examine all open fractures presenting to Bundaberg Base Hospital—from January 2007 to January 2009—by monitoring the clinical course of the patients, with attention to the time intervals between injury, presentation and orthopaedic treatment. The complications of treatment and the implications for future practice were also examined. A search was performed of all open fractures and compound fractures during the period of January 2007 until January 2009. The eligible patients were selected and their charts reviewed. The time of the injury, the time they presented to the emergency department (ED) and the time to orthopaedic treatment were noted. The site of the fracture, the Gustillo classification and the number of days of admission were recorded. Complications of the fractures were investigated. The impact of time delays and fracture severity on subsequent infections were correlated. A total of 127 admissions were recorded, 38 were excluded and 89 open fractures were included in the study: 54 upper limb, 34 lower limb and 1 pelvic fracture. Thirty-six patients had Gustillo I, 34 II, 9 IIIa, and 11 IIIb classifications. Patient arrival times were as follows: less than one hour (19%), 1–3 hours (44%), 3–6 hours (26%), 6–12 hours (8%) and greater than 12 hours (2%). From presentation, 28% of patients received treatment in 1–3 hours, 3–6 hours (27%), 6–12 hours (22%) and greater than 12 hours (22%). 40.4% of patients received treatment within 6 hours of injury and 59.5% greater than 6 hours. 33% of patients stayed in hospital 24 hours, 1–3 days (44%), 3–7 days (15%) and for greater than one week (1%). There were a total of 17 complications (19%), of which 11 (12%) were associated with infections. Of these, six were superficial wound infections and five were deep infections. Of these deep infections, two were associated with non-unions and one with a mal-union. Four complications were associated with non-infectious non-unions, one non-infectious mal-union. One had a missing bone fragment. Complications were found to be more prevalent when there was delayed treatment of the fractures. The results demonstrate that the majority of open fractures treated are upper limb and Gustillo I in classification. The complication rate for open fractures during the two year period was 19%. These findings provide a base for continued monitoring of open fracture management at Bundaberg Base Hospital.
Bogor: A Flexible Framework for Creating Software Model Checkers (2006)

Model checking has proven to be an effective technology for verification and debugging in hardware and more recently in software domains. With the proliferation of multi-core architectures and a greater emphasis on distributed computing, model checking is an increasingly important software quality assurance technique that can complement existing testing and inspection methods. We believe that recent trends in both the requirements for software systems and the processes by which systems are developed suggests that domain-specific model checking engines may be more effective than general purpose model checking tools. To overcome limitations of existing tools which tend to be monolithic and non-extensible, we have developed an extensible and customizable model checking framework called Bogor. In this article, we summarize how Bogor provides direct support for modeling object-oriented designs and implementations, how its modeling language and algorithms can be extended and customized to create domain-specific model checking engines, and how Bogor can be deployed in broader software development contexts in conjunction with complementary quality assurance techniques
Money on the Table?: Responding to Cross-Border Tax Arbitrage (2002)

Implicit in the allowance of foreign tax credits is the view that other countries' taxes on the outbound investments of one's residents are relevant to one's own policy choice regarding taxation of these investments. Unilaterally granting foreign tax credits is generally not in a country's short-term self-interest, since, by fully reimbursing foreign taxes up to the credit limit, it invites residents to be indifferent to foreign taxes and foreign governments to impose "soak-up" taxes on inbound investment. Mitigating double taxation through foreign tax credits is therefore quite different from favoring free trade, which generally increases national welfare, even if done unilaterally. However, reciprocal allowance of foreign tax credits, even if well short of an ideal coordination technique, may leave both cooperating countries better off than would unmitigated double taxation. A country may, therefore, promote both national and worldwide welfare (at least, relative to doing nothing) when it grants foreign tax credits with the understanding that other countries are reciprocating but would likely play tit-for-tat if it reneged. Tax policy debate in the United States frequently ignores or misconceives the relevance to both worldwide and national welfare of interactions between our tax rules and those of other countries. This has been particularly apparent in the ongoing debate concerning what are known as "cross-border tax arbitrage" transactions. The United States Treasury has proposed to deny American tax benefits to taxpayers engaging in these transactions, provoking vehement opposition from taxpayers who would be adversely affected. Unfortunately, the debate has too often failed to focus adequately on national and worldwide welfare considerations. This paper therefore briefly examines cross-border tax arbitrage, in light of these considerations as affected by countries' strategic interactions. [CONT]
Interaction of memantine and amantadine with agonist‐unbound NMDA‐receptor channels in acutely isolated rat hippocampal neurons (1998)

1. Using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques, the mechanisms of NMDA channel blockade by amino-adamantane derivatives (AADs) memantine (3, 5-dimethyl-aminoadamantane, MEM) and amantadine (1-aminoadamantane, AM) have been studied in rat hippocampal neurons acutely isolated by the vibrodissociation method. A rapid concentration-jump technique was used to replace superfusing solutions. 2. The aspartate (Asp)-induced channel opening greatly accelerated but was not a prerequisite for the recovery from the block by MEM: it was able to leave the channel without agonist assistance. The co-agonist (glycine) as well as the competitive NMDA antagonist DL-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (APV), did not affect this recovery. Membrane depolarization accelerated it, strongly suggesting that this process proceeded via the hydrophilic pathway of the channel. 3. A comparison of the kinetics of the recovery from the block by AADs in the presence and absence of the agonist prompted a hypothesis that the blocker trapped in the channel increased the probability of its transition to the open state. 4. Both MEM and AM were able to block NMDA channels not only in the presence but also in the absence of Asp, although in the latter case the effective blocking concentrations were much higher and the rate of the block development was much smaller than in the former case. The extent of the block increased with the duration of the blocker application. Glycine enhanced this block, while APV attenuated it. The MEM-induced blockade of agonist-unbound channels was enhanced by membrane hyperpolarization and weakened by external Mg2+. These findings strongly suggested that the blocker reached its binding sites via the same hydrophilic pathway both in the presence and absence of the agonist. 5. A comparative analysis of the channel unblocking kinetics in the presence of Asp after their blockade with or without the agonist assistance led us to conclude that in the two cases AADs were bound to the same blocking sites in the channel.
The <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> Crc Global Regulator Controls the Expression of Genes from Several Chromosomal Catabolic Pathways for Aromatic Compounds (2004)

The Crc protein is involved in the repression of several catabolic pathways for the assimilation of some sugars, nitrogenated compounds, and hydrocarbons in Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when other preferred carbon sources are present in the culture medium (catabolic repression). Crc appears to be a component of a signal transduction pathway modulating carbon metabolism in pseudomonads, although its mode of action is unknown. To better understand the role of Crc, the proteome profile of two otherwise isogenic P. putida strains containing either a wild-type or an inactivated crc allele was compared. The results showed that Crc is involved in the catabolic repression of the hpd and hmgA genes from the homogentisate pathway, one of the central catabolic pathways for aromatic compounds that is used to assimilate intermediates derived from the oxidation of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and several aromatic hydrocarbons. This led us to analyze whether Crc also regulates the expression of the other central catabolic pathways for aromatic compounds present in P. putida. It was found that genes required to assimilate benzoate through the catechol pathway (benA and catBCA) and 4-OH-benzoate through the protocatechuate pathway (pobA and pcaHG) are also negatively modulated by Crc. However, the pathway for phenylacetate appeared to be unaffected by Crc. These results expand the influence of Crc to pathways used to assimilate several aromatic compounds, which highlights its importance as a master regulator of carbon metabolism in P. putida.
Pairwise library screen systematically interrogates <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cas9 specificity in human cells (2018)

Abstract We report a high-throughput screening approach to measure Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 (SaCas9) genome editing variation in human cells across a large repertoire of 88,692 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) paired with matched or mismatched target sites in a synthetic cassette. We incorporated randomized barcodes that enable ‘whitelisting’ of correctly synthesized molecules for further downstream analysis, in order to circumvent the limitation of oligonucleotide synthesis errors. We find SaCas9 sgRNAs with a 21-nucleotide spacer are most active against off-targets with single and double mismatches, compared to shorter or longer sgRNAs. Using this dataset, we developed an SaCas9 specificity model that performs well in ranking off-target sites. The barcoded pairwise library screen enabled high-fidelity recovery of guide-target relationships, providing a scalable framework for the investigation of CRISPR enzyme properties and general nucleic acid interactions.
Guidelines on Cell Phone and PDA Security (2008)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analysis to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's