gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of low‐carbohydrate vs. low‐fat/low‐calorie diets in the management of obesity and its comorbidities (2008)

There are few studies comparing the effects of low-carbohydrate/high-protein diets with low-fat/high-carbohydrate diets for obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. This systematic review focuses on randomized controlled trials of low-carbohydrate diets compared with low-fat/low-calorie diets. Studies conducted in adult populations with mean or median body mass index of > or =28 kg m(-2) were included. Thirteen electronic databases were searched and randomized controlled trials from January 2000 to March 2007 were evaluated. Trials were included if they lasted at least 6 months and assessed the weight-loss effects of low-carbohydrate diets against low-fat/low-calorie diets. For each study, data were abstracted and checked by two researchers prior to electronic data entry. The computer program Review Manager 4.2.2 was used for the data analysis. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. There were significant differences between the groups for weight, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols and systolic blood pressure, favouring the low-carbohydrate diet. There was a higher attrition rate in the low-fat compared with the low-carbohydrate groups suggesting a patient preference for a low-carbohydrate/high-protein approach as opposed to the Public Health preference of a low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet. Evidence from this systematic review demonstrates that low-carbohydrate/high-protein diets are more effective at 6 months and are as effective, if not more, as low-fat diets in reducing weight and cardiovascular disease risk up to 1 year. More evidence and longer-term studies are needed to assess the long-term cardiovascular benefits from the weight loss achieved using these diets.
Highly reliable PVD/ALD/PVD stacked barrier metal structure for 45-nm node copper dual-damascene interconnects (2004)

In this paper, we describe highly reliable barrier metal structure for 45nm-node (140nm pitch) high performance copper interconnects. Issues and solutions for utilizing TaN barrier metal by atomic-layer deposition (ALD) process, which is the key technology for scaling down the barrier metal thickness, on low-k ILD materials were investigated. PVD/ALD/PVD stacked barrier metal structure was proposed from the viewpoint of factors affecting reliability such as stress-induced voiding (SiV) and electromigration (EM) endurance, and realized lower wiring resistance than that is attainable with the conventional process. We distinguished the role of each PVD film, and suggest the optimal barrier metal structure to realize highly reliable Cu dual-damascene interconnects.
Smart Mirror: A Reflective Interface to Maximize Productivity (2017)

There is no end of objects that could be made "smarter," some being more suited to this than others. Mirrors, for example, provide a large surface ideal for displaying information and interacting with. This paper depicts the design and development of a smart mirror that represents an elegant interface for glancing information for multiple people in a home environment. Face-recognition based authentication is used to detect the user. It provides a webpage based interface to access data feeds and other services. The data feeds use web service based communication to extract data packets available through various APIs offered by websites. All the computing required for this project is done by a Raspberry Pi 3 computer along with a webcam used for face detection and a LCD panel placed behind the mirror to display the interface.
A method for the systematic comparison of the three-dimensional structures of proteins and some results (1984)

A new rapid method of comparing three-dimensional protein structures using the sequence of dihedral angles is described. Systematic screening of protein structures by this method followed by detailed analysis reveals in particular that the calcium-binding protein carp parvalbumin is similar to cytochrome C2 from Rhodospirillum rubrum, cytochrome C is similar to hen lysozyme, carboxypeptidase A is similar to phage lysozyme. These results are completely unexpected and show interesting correlation with the recently determined intron-exon pattern in the genes coding for some of them.
Integrated spectral-polarization imaging sensor with aluminum nanowire polarization filters (2012)

Current division-of-focal-plane polarization imaging sensors can perceive intensity and polarization in real time with high spatial resolution, but are oblivious to spectral information. We present the design of such a sensor, which is also spectrally selective in the visible regime. We describe its extensive spectral and polarimetric characterization. The sensor has a pixel pitch of 5 µm and an imaging array of 168 by 256 elements. Each element comprises spectrally sensitive vertically stacked photodetectors integrated with a 140 nm pitch nanowire linear polarizer. The sensor has a maximum measured SNR of 45 dB, extinction ratio of ~3.5, QE of 12%, and linearity error of 1% in the green channel. We present sample spectral-polarization images.
METHYL ANTHRANILATE AS AN AROMA CONSTITUENT OF AMERICAN WINE (1977)

ABSTRACT The level of methyl anthraniiate was determined in several wines of native American varieties and of related hybrids. In order to evaluate its contribution to the “foxy” aroma that is often associated with these wines, sensory analyses were conducted to estimate the threshold of methyl anthraniiate in wines and to compare its concentration with the perception of “foxiness.” The gas chromatographic analysis reveals that the level of methyl anthranilate varies widely among grape varieties. Not ail wines termed “foxy” exhibit high levels of this compound. Methyl anthraniiate may be an important aroma constituent in a few native varieties but the characteristic “foxy” flavor is not solely due to its presence.
Stable walking of a 7-dof biped robot (2003)

The primary goal of this paper is to demonstrate a means to prove asymptotically stable walking in an underactuated, planar, five-link biped robot model. The analysis assumes a rigid contact model when the swing leg impacts the ground and an instantaneous double support phase. The specific robot model analyzed corresponds to a prototype under development by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France. A secondary goal of the paper is to establish the viability of the theoretically motivated control law. This is explored in a number of ways. First, it is shown how known time trajectories, such as those determined on the basis of walking with minimal energy consumption, can be incorporated into the proposed controller structure. Secondly, various perturbations to the walking motion are introduced to verify disturbance rejection capability. Finally, the controller is demonstrated on a detailed simulator for the prototype which includes torque limits and a compliant model of the walking surface, and thus a noninstantaneous double support phase.
HMVFS: A Hybrid Memory Versioning File System (2016)

The byte-addressable Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) offers fast, fine-grained access to persistent storage, and a large volume of recent researches are conducted on developing NVM-based in-memory file systems. However, existing approaches focus on low-overhead access to the memory and only guarantee the consistency between data and metadata. In this paper, we address the problem of maintaining consistency among continuous snapshots for NVM-based in-memory file systems. We propose a Hybrid Memory Versioning File System (HMVFS) that achieves fault tolerance efficiently and has low impact on I/O performance. Our results show that HMVFS provides better performance on snapshotting compared with the traditional versioning file systems for many workloads. Specifically, HMVFS has lower snapshotting overhead than BTRFS and NILFS2, improving by a factor of 9.7 and 6.6, respectively. Furthermore, HMVFS imposes minor performance overhead compared with the state-of-the-art in-memory file systems like PMFS.
Replication of a <i>Bacillus subtilis oriC</i> plasmid <i>in vitro</i> (1994)

Summary We constructed an in vitro replication system specific for a Bacillus subtilis oriC plasmid using a soluble fraction derived from cell extracts of B. subtilis. DNA polymerase III and two initiation proteins, DnaA and DnaB, were required for in vitro replication as observed in vivo. Both upstream and downstream DnaA box regions of the dnaA gene were required as cis‐elements for in vitro synthesis of the B. subtilis oriC plasmid as well as for in vivo activity. The replication was semi‐conservative and only one round of replication occurred within 15min. These results indicate that in vitro replication faithfully reproduced in vivo replication. To elucidate the site of initiation and the direction of replication, we analysed replicative intermediates generated in vitro in the presence of various concentrations of ddGTP by two methods. First, analysis of restriction fragments around the dnaA gene showed a high level of incorporation of the radioactive substrate, indicating that replication began within the vicinity of the dnaA gene. Second, using 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, bubble arcs were detected only on fragments containing the DnaA box region downstream of the dnaA gene, indicating that the initiation site resided within this region. The distribution of the bubble arcs suggested that both bidirectional and unidirectional replication occurred in vitro.
Magnetron injection gun (MIG) design for gyrotron applications (1986)

First-order magnetron injection gun (MIG) design trade-off equations are given for use in obtaining an adequate starting point for gun simulations on the computer. These equations are based on conservation of angular momentum and adiabatic electron flow and they contain relativistic corrections for high voltage design. The equations provide considerable insight into the basic physical processes by which gyro-cyclotron beams are formed and controlled. They have also proven very useful in design feasibility studies of high power MIGs. Two examples of MIG designs are given in which these equations were utilized.
Mobile Application Development with SMS and the SIM Toolkit (2001)

From the Publisher:
Make mobile applications that work Just what you need to get mobile messaging going on virtually any platform, in virtually any language, this guide provides a thorough tutorial in the SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) programming environment, today's most-used mobile applications technology. Smart card expert Scott Guthery teams with information management specialist Mary Cronin to show seasoned developers how to: 
Design, build, and integrate SMS messaging into your applications environment Create code that harnesses the power of the SIM Use the micro-browsers and micro-Web servers in 3G phones Construct leading-edge mobile commerce applications on today's networks Send and receive SMS messages from your server or your laptop Enable interfaces and other needed components Create secure wireless applications for corporate networks and VPNs
This book is for you if 
You're building applications for GSM or 3G networks You know that today's 2 billion SMS messages per month are not enough You wish you had sample code for reality-based applications You want to add mobile extensions to your software products and corporate network You manufacture smart cards or create smart card applications You seek reliable answers on 3G programming interfaces and toolkits You want guidance on SIM application design, integration, or management for any platform You prefer to avoid others' mistakes
Other books offer application overviews. Mobile Application Development Using SMS and the SIM Toolkit gets you writing code.
Upconversion Fluorescence of Tellurite Glasses Doped with Rare Earths. (1995)

Ternary tellurite glasses were prepared by a conventional quenching
The 3′ untranslated region of a soybean cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS<sub>1</sub>) affects transcript stability and protein accumulation in transgenic alfalfa (2006)

Higher plants assimilate nitrogen in the form of ammonia through the concerted activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). The GS enzyme is either located in the cytoplasm (GS1) or in the chloroplast (GS2). Glutamine synthetase 1 is regulated in different plants at the transcriptional level and there are some reports of regulation at the level of protein stability. Here we present data that clearly establish that GS1 in plants is also regulated at the level of transcript turnover and at the translational level. Using a Glycine max (soybean) GS1 transgene, with and without its 3' untranslated region (UTR), driven by the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter in Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), we show that the 3' UTR plays a major role in both transcript turnover and translation repression in both the leaves and the nodules. Our data suggest that the 3' UTR mediated turnover of the transcript is regulated by a nitrogen metabolite or carbon/nitrogen ratios. We also show that the 3' UTR of the gene for the soybean GS1 confers post-transcriptional regulation on a reporter gene. Our dissection of post-transcriptional and translational levels of regulation of GS in plants shows that the situation in plants strongly resembles that in other organisms where GS is regulated at almost all levels. Multistep regulation of GS shows the high priority given by organisms to regulating and ensuring optimal control of nitrogen substrates and preventing overproduction of glutamine and drainage of the glutamate pool.
Consensus-based distributed cooperative control for microgrid voltage regulation and reactive power sharing (2014)

The centralized hierarchical control strategy has recently drawn much attention from researchers in the microgrid area. Primary control deals with power sharing among distributed generators (DGs). Secondary control is responsible for restoring the voltage and frequency back to their nominal values. However, there are two factors that presently limit the implementation of existing hierarchical control in a microgrid. First, the accuracy of reactive power sharing is low due to the difference in each DG's terminal voltage. Second, centralized high-bandwidth communication infrastructure is required, which is expensive and fragile, especially with high penetration of DGs. This paper presents a distributed cooperative control framework, which not only regulate the voltage at the critical bus, but also realize accurate reactive power sharing among DGs, using sparse communication with significantly lower bandwidth requirement. The proposed method is adaptive to network topology changes which supports the plug-and-play feature of microgrid. Performance of the proposed control is demonstrated through simulation results on a 4-bus microgrid testbed.
Assembly Stoichiometry of the GluK2/GluK5 Kainate Receptor Complex (2012)

Ionotropic glutamate receptors assemble as homo- or heterotetramers. One well-studied heteromeric complex is formed by the kainate receptor subunits GluK2 and GluK5. Retention motifs prevent trafficking of GluK5 homomers to the plasma membrane, but coassembly with GluK2 yields functional heteromeric receptors. Additional control over GluK2/GluK5 assembly seems to be exerted by the aminoterminal domains, which preferentially assemble into heterodimers as isolated domains. However,the stoichiometry of the full-length GluK2/GluK5 receptor complex has yet to be determined, as is the case for all non-NMDA glutamate receptors. Here, we address this question, using a single-molecule imaging technique that enables direct counting of the number of each GluK subunit type in homomeric and heteromeric receptors in the plasma membranes of live cells. We show that GluK2 and GluK5 assemble with 2:2 stoichiometry. This is an important step toward understanding the assembly mechanism, architecture, and functional consequences of heteromer formation in ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Comparison of MPPT algorithms for DC-DC converters based photovoltaic systems (2013)

The comparative studies between two most popular algorithms technique which is incremental conductance algorithm and perturbs and observe algorithm. Two different converters buck and boost converter use for comparative in this study. Few comparisons such as voltage, current and power output for each different combination have been recorded. MATLAB Simulink tools have been used for performance evaluation on energy point.
Selective binding of 2′-F-c-di-GMP to Ct-E88 and Cb-E43, new class I riboswitches from <i>Clostridium tetani</i> and <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> respectively (2013)

C-di-GMP is a second messenger in bacteria and partly regulates bacterial physiology by binding to class I and II riboswitches. Four class I c-di-GMP riboswitch aptamer candidates, Ct-E88, Cb-17B, Cb-E43 and Cd-630 RNAs, selected from a GEMM RNA sequence motif in the Rfam database, were expressed and experimentally verified to bind to c-di-GMP. The two newly characterized c-di-GMP riboswitches, Ct-E88 and Cb-E43, bound c-di-GMP with nanomolar Kd whereas the affinities of Cb-17B and Cd-630 for c-di-GMP were at least a 100-fold weaker. Interestingly, whereas the three riboswitches (Vc2, Et-E88 and Cb-E43) bound c-di-GMP with similar Kd values, 2'-modified analogs of c-di-GMP differentially bound to these three class I aptamers. For example, 2'-F-c-di-GMP bound Vc2 with a Kd value of 102 nM whereas the Kd value of 2'-F-c-di-GMP-Ct-E88 is 43 μM (422× higher than that for Vc2 RNA), revealing that there are differences in the binding sites of functional class I c-di-GMP riboswitches.
Olmesartan, an AT<sub>1</sub> Antagonist, Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cardiac Inflammatory Mediators in Rats with Heart Failure Induced by Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis (2011)

Studies have demonstrated that angiotensin II has been involved in immune and inflammatory responses which might contribute to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in myocarditis. Here, we investigated whether olmesartan, an AT(1)R antagonist protects against experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) by suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammatory cytokines. EAM was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with porcine cardiac myosin, were divided into two groups and treated with either olmesartan (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for a period of 21 days. Myocardial functional parameters measured by hemodynamic and echocardiographic analyses were significantly improved by the treatment with olmesartan compared with those of vehicle-treated rats. Treatment with olmesartan attenuated the myocardial mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, [Interleukin (IL)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ)] and the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α compared with that of vehicle-treated rats. Myocardial protein expressions of AT(1)R, NADPH oxidase subunits (p47phox, p67phox, gp91phox) and the expression of markers of oxidative stress (3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal), and the cardiac apoptosis were also significantly decreased by the treatment with olmesartan compared with those of vehicle-treated rats. Furthermore, olmesartan treatment down-regulated the myocardial expressions of glucose regulated protein-78, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene, caspase-12, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospho-JNK. These findings suggest that olmesartan protects against EAM in rats, at least in part via suppression of oxidative stress, ER stress and inflammatory cytokines.
Block copolymerization of triphenylmethyl methacrylate with other methacrylates using (−)‐sparteine/9‐fluorenyllithium as an initiator (1997)

Abstract Diblock and triblock copolymerization of triphenylmethyl methacrylate (TrMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl methacrylate (BuMA), benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) or diphenylmethyl methacrylate (DPMMA) in the presence of the chiral anionic complex initiator, (−)‐sparteine/9‐fluorenyllithium, were investigated. The resulting block copolymers show high specific rotation and were characterized by means of gel‐permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism spectra and thermal analysis.
<title>Thermomechanical modeling of the EUV reticle during exposure</title> (2001)

Thermal deformations of lithographic reticles during the exposure process may become an important consideration for all candidate Next-Generation Lithography technologies as these reticles are subject to stringent image placement and flatness requirements. The reflective reticles used for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) absorb energy during exposure producing temperature gradients and thermomechanical distortions that result in pattern placement errors. As throughput requirements of EUVL are increased, the necessary illumination power levels rise producing higher reticle temperatures. The use of a low-thermal-expansion substrate material reduces, but does not eliminate, reticle distortions, and the thermal and structural boundary conditions greatly influence the thermomechanical response. These factors make the accurate predictions of the reticle thermal and structural response essential to the design of EUVL systems. Previously published analyses focused on relatively low throughputs, 10 wafers-per-hour (wph), and 200-mm diameter wafer substrates. Proposed production systems have throughputs of 80 wph and use 6-in. square substrates. Finite element models of current format EUV reticles have been developed to simulate the reticle's thermomechanical response to high-throughput exposure heating and assess the resulting image placement errors. The results of thermal and structural analyses for a variety of EUVL load and boundary conditions are presented.
Efficient and Selective Syntheses of (all-<i>E</i>)- and (6<i>E</i>,10<i>Z</i>)-2′-<i>O</i>-Methylmyxalamides D via Pd-Catalyzed Alkenylation−Carbonyl Olefination Synergy (2008)

Highly efficient and selective syntheses of both (all- E) and (6 E,10 Z)-isomers of 2'- O-methylmyxalamide D ( 2 and 3), in which the crucial conjugated pentaene moieties were assembled in > or =98% stereoselectivity through the use of two Pd-catalyzed alkenylation reactions, the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) olefination, and either the Corey-Schlessinger-Mills modified (CSM-modified) Peterson olefination for 2 or the Still-Gennari olefination for 3, are reported. Either 2 or 3 was prepared in 16% yield in seven steps from propargyl alcohol.