gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whose Bandwagon Is It Anyway? Empirical Findings from Taiwanese (ROC) Magistrates (2011)

As the effectiveness of short-term campaigns is uncertain, politicians and campaigners are increasingly adopting permanent campaigns. In this process, midterm elections are a cost-effective vehicle for senior politicians to build relationships with local candidates while promoting their own candidacies. Previous research on celebrity endorsement and the coattail effect has primarily focused on the results of political endorsement, while overlooking the process of such activities. More importantly, few studies have addressed how local politicians perceive the embedment of their own campaign into their senior colleague’s permanent campaign.
The authors of this article conducted four in-depth interviews with local officials, the transcripts of which were analyzed using an interpretive approach. Our finding highlights magistrates and mayors’ worries about being marginalized by the president. Furthermore, they believe that local affairs should be dealt with locally, and that involving the president is a sign of weakness. Theoretical and managerial implications of this research are discussed in relationship to the literature on coattail effect, endorsement strategy, and permanent campaigning.
Client-server communication standards for mathematical computation (1999)

This paper presents a niotlel for a \Vorld Wide 1Veb comput.at,ioual wrwr which uses a Computer .Ugebra System i1S its undrrlying cnginc, and which collllrlurlicat,es wit,h its clients using three enwrging standards: OpenMath. h~lnt.hML and VRML. An ilnplerllelltatioli of t.he server and ibs applications to education and rcscxch arc dcscrilml.
Vaccination with Peptide 173-193 of Acetylcholine Receptor α7-Subunit Prevents Memory Loss in Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice (2010)

We studied the ability of four non-conjugated alpha7-subunit fragments of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to induce an immune response and to protect memory in olfactory bulbectomized mice which demonstrate abnormalities similar to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vaccination only with the alpha7-subunit fragment 173-193 was shown to rescue spatial memory, to restore the level of alpha7 acetylcholine receptors in the cortex, and to prevent an increase in the amyloid-beta (Abeta) level in brain tissue in these animals. Antibodies against the peptide 173-193 were revealed in blood serum and cerebrospinal liquid in the bulbectomized mice. Passive immunization with mouse blood sera containing antibodies to the peptide 173-193 also restored memory in bulbectomized animals. The observed positive effect of both active and passive immunization with the fragment of alpha7-subunit on memory of bulbectomized mice provides a new insight into an anti-AD drug design.
<title>Peculiarities of laser cutting with polarized radiation</title> (1999)

The 3D theory of laser cutting is presented. The efficiency of cutting at different types of polarization is estimated. It is shown that ultimate cutting characteristics at linearity P-polarized beam are essentially worse in comparison with potential possibilities connected with P- wave absorption. The laser cutting efficiency for radial polarized beam is 1.5-2 times more than for linearly P- polarized and circularly polarized beams.
Catalytic Hydrogenation in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>:  Kinetic Measurements in a Gradientless Internal-Recycle Reactor (1997)

Catalytic hydrogenation in supercritical carbon dioxide has been studied. Experimental results and theoretical calculations are presented, attempting to elucidate the effects of temperature, pressure, and CO2 concentration on the rate of reaction. An effort has been made to develop a procedure to test catalytic reactions in supercritical fluids in view of future industrial applications. Hydrogenation rates of the two double bonds of an unsaturated ketone on a commercial alumina-supported palladium catalyst were measured in a continuous gradientless internal-recycle reactor at different temperatures, pressures, and CO2-to-feed ratios. A Berty-type reactor has been suitably modified for use with supercritical solvents. The accurate control of the organic, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen feed flow rates and of the temperature and pressure inside the reactor provided reproducible values of the product stream compositions, which were measured on-line after separation of the gaseous components. In order to develop a kinetic model, vapor−liquid equilibrium calculations were carried out through a Peng−Robinson equation of state, tuned on binary high-pressure vapor−liquid equilibrium data. Compositions in the liquid phase inside the reactor were predicted, starting from the on-line analysis after depressurization. A simplified power law kinetic equation is shown to provide a good description of the experimental data.
Distributed cooperative collision avoidance control and implementation for multi-unmanned aerial vehicles (2017)

Collision avoidance is one of the most basic problems in multi unmanned aerial vehicle systems. Various UAV collision avoidance algorithms have been reported in recent years. According to our knowledge, there is limited literature showing the implementation of collision avoidance algorithm on a real multi-UAV system. In this paper, the collision avoidance algorithm is studied in a multi-UAV system, based on the concept of multi-UAV cooperation combined with information fusion. Utilizing the fused information, the velocity obstacle method is adopted to design a decentralized collision avoidance algorithm. The algorithm is implemented on several real UAVs. Flight test is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed collision avoidance algorithm.
CX3CR1‐deficiency is associated with increased severity of disease in experimental autoimmune uveitis (2009)

The role of CX3CR1 in regulating the function of monocytes and microglia was examined in mice in which CX3CR1 had been replaced by green fluorescent protein (GFP). Induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in these mice resulted in increased disease severity at day 23 postimmunization with uveitogenic peptide when compared with CX3CR1-positive mice and increased apoptosis of neuronal cells in the inner nuclear layer. Resident microglia within the retina were activated equally as EAU developed in mice with or without CX3CR1, as determined by changes in morphology, suggesting that the microglial cell response did not account for the differences. Although the inflammatory infiltrate had increased in mice without CX3CR1 at day 23 postimmunization, the percentage of natural killer cells in the infiltrate was not changed in these mice. Similarly, increased disease severity at this stage was not associated with an overall increased percentage of macrophages in the retinal inflammatory infiltrate or in increased activation of these cells. The increased recruitment of monocytes to the retina in response to EAU induction in CX3CR1(GFP/GFP) mice compared with CX3CR1(GFP/+) mice was not reflected in increased migration away from vessels, leading to marked clustering of GFP(+) cells around veins and venules in these mice. It is possible that this monocyte/macrophage clustering leads to the increased severity of disease seen in the mice by focusing and so intensifying the inflammatory response.
Reduction of Stuttering Frequency Using Analog Electromyographic Feedback (1975)

Three stutterers were taught to reduce resting muscle activity by using analog electromyographic feedback from four sites over different muscle groups. They were then trained to reduce muscle activity prior to uttering selected sentences. A functional analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the decrease in stuttering frequency on initial phonemes and the reduction of electrical activity at each muscle site. Subjects demonstrated different responses to training. One subject's greatest decrease in stuttering frequency was associated with muscle activity training at a lip site. A second subject's greatest decrease in stuttering was associated with training at a laryngeal site. A third subject's greatest decreases in stuttering were with both lip and laryngeal site training. Following these demonstrations that stuttering could be controlled with electromyographic feedback, a practical management program was designed for a fourth stutterer. Feedback training to reduce electromyographic activity when paired with speech resulted in elimination of stuttering in two monitored situations, conversations and telephone calls. Probes indicated the stuttering continued to be markedly reduced in all situations nine months after treatment.
Structure and activity of putative intronic miRNA promoters (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are RNA sequences of approximately 22 nucleotides that mediate post-transcriptional regulation of specific mRNAs. miRNA sequences are dispersed throughout the genome and are classified as intergenic (between genes) or intronic (embedded into a gene). Intergenic miRNAs are expressed by their own promoter, and until recently, it was supposed that intronic miRNAs are transcribed from their host gene. Here, we performed a genomic analysis of currently known intronic miRNA regions and observed that approximately 35% of intronic miRNAs have upstream regulatory elements consistent with promoter function. Among all intronic miRNAs, 30% have associated Pol II regulatory elements, including transcription start sites, CpG islands, expression sequence tags, and conserved transcription factor binding sites, while 5% contain RNA Pol III regulatory elements (A/B box sequences). We cloned intronic regions encompassing miRNAs and their upstream Pol II (miR-107, miR-126, miR-208b, miR-548f-2, miR-569, and miR-590) or Pol III (miR-566 and miR-128-2) sequences into a promoterless plasmid, and confirmed that miRNA expression occurs independent of host gene transcription. For miR-128-2, a miRNA overexpressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ChIP analysis suggests dual regulation by both intronic (Pol III) and host gene (Pol II) promoters. These data support complex regulation of intronic miRNA expression, and have relevance to disregulation in disease settings.
Studies of the Structure of Anodic Oxide Films on Aluminum, I (1959)

The influence of the formation voltage on the structure of nonporous anodic aluminum oxide films has been studied by electron microscope and electron diffraction methods. It has been shown that low formation voltages (<100 v) produce an amorphous oxide layer, whereas high formation voltages produce amorphous oxide together with some crystalline γ'‐alumina. The location of this crystalline oxide within the anodic layer is discussed.
Distinct transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlie left-right asymmetric expression of lefty-1 and lefty-2 (1999)

Both lefty-1 and lefty-2 genes are expressed on the left side of developing mouse embryos and are implicated in left-right (L-R) axis formation. With the use of transgenic analysis, the transcriptional regulatory regions of these genes responsible for their L-R asymmetric expression have now been investigated. The 9.5-kb upstream region of lefty-1 and the 5.5-kb upstream region of lefty-2 reproduced the expression pattern of the corresponding gene. Examination of deletion constructs revealed the presence of a left side-specific enhancer (ASE) that is essential and sufficient for lefty-2 asymmetric expression. In contrast, the asymmetric expression of lefty-1 was shown to be determined by a combination of bilateral enhancers and a right side-specific silencer (RSS). The 9. 5-kb region of lefty-1 and the 5.5-kb region of lefty-2 responded to iv and inv, upstream genes of lefty-1 and lefty-2. The regulation of lefty-2 by iv and inv was mediated by ASE. These results suggest that, in spite of the similarities between lefty-1 and lefty-2, different regulatory mechanisms underlie their asymmetric expression.
Cancer cell-selective killing polymer/copper combination (2015)

Chemotherapy has been adopted for cancer treatment for decades. However, its efficacy and safety are frequently compromised by the multidrug-resistance of cancer cells and the poor cancer cell selectivity of anticancer drugs. Hereby, we report a combination of a pyridine-2-thiol containing polymer and copper which can effectively kill a wide spectrum of cancer cells, including drug resistant cancer cells, while sparing normal cells. The polymer nanoparticle enters cells via an exofacial thiol facilitated route, and releases active pyridine-2-thiol with the help of intracellularly elevated glutathione (GSH). Due to their high GSH level, cancer cells are more vulnerable to the polymer/copper combination. In addition, RNA microarray analysis revealed that the treatment can reverse cancer cells' upregulated oncogenes (CIRBP and STMN1) and downregulated tumor suppressor genes (CDKN1C and GADD45B) to further enhance the selectivity for cancer cells.
Ultrasound shear wave elastography of breast lesions: correlation of anisotropy with clinical and histopathological findings (2018)

AF of SWE was an indicator for malignancy and more aggressive breast cancer.
Function call trap of Java codes with the help of AspectJ and XML (2003)

It is shown how the new technologies, AspectJ and XML, can be used for maintenance and development of Java applications. The presented all-purpose software solution gets usable runtime function call information from almost any Java application using the aspect oriented Java extension AspectJ and writes into a simply browsable directory-like structure in XML format without modifying original Java source code. Original Java code and AspectJ code will be compiled using the AspectJ compiler into standard Java byte code format. Finally it is shown how efficiently this new solution is and what experiences we had in compiling with and using this tool.
Multielement Emission Spectrometry Using a Charge-Injection Device Detector (1983)

A Charge Injection Device (CID) camera system has been designed and constructed for use as a detector for atomic emission spectrometry. Operational procedures to reduce noise, increase dynamic range, and reduce pixel cross talk are discussed. Preliminary detection limits which often meet or exceed comparable photomultiplier tube detector capabilities are presented.
Structural optimization of 3D masonry buildings (2012)

Figure 1: We present a method to compute the gradient for the stability of a structure composed of rigid blocks, and demonstrate how we enable the optimization of stable structures. For example: (a) A cable bridge structure originally infeasible. (b) Side view of the input model. (c) Output feasible model. The horizontal arched walkway and cables are fixed, only the vertical arch is optimized. (d) An alternative feasible output. The horizontal arch and cable joints are free to deform with the constraint that top faces (walking surface) remain horizontal. In the design of buildings, structural analysis is traditionally per-formed after the aesthetic design has been determined and has lit-tle influence on the overall form. In contrast, this paper presents an approach to guide the form towards a shape that is more struc-turally sound. Our work is centered on the study of how varia-tions of the geometry might improve structural stability. We define a new measure of structural soundness for masonry buildings as well as cables, and derive its closed-form derivative with respect to the displacement of all the vertices describing the geometry. We start with a gradient descent tool which displaces each vertex along the gradient. We then introduce displacement operators, imposing constraints such as the preservation of orientation or thickness; or setting additional objectives such as volume minimization.
New Methodology for the N-Demethylation of Opiate Alkaloids (2007)

N-Demethylation is a key step in the preparation of a number of semisynthetic opiate pharmaceuticals. Herein we report a high-yielding, catalytic procedure for the N-demethylation of opiates which has a number of advantages over existing methods. For example, tetrasodium 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-sulfophenyl)porphyrinatoiron(II) (0.3 molar equiv) effected the transformation of codeine methyl ether to the corresponding N-nor analogue in 91% yield. The catalyst was readily removed and recycled.
Influence of anisodamine chronic administration on the vascular function and morphology spontaneously hypertensive rats (2008)

Objective To investigate the influence of Anisodamine chronic administration on the vascular function and morphology of SHR. Methods The SHR were injected by chronic abdominal Anisodamine; Then the SHR were sacrificed after ten weeks. The abdominal aorta were obtained after perfusion and the changes of aorta morphology were observed under a microscope. The influence of Anisedamine on the vasculovr funtion was investigated by the rat's aorta rings perfusion. Results In the physiological state, given SHR long-term Anisodamine, the vascular endothelial and smooth muscle relaxation will significantly improve; Anisodamine chronic adminstration can inhibit the formation of aortic aneurysm and change a benign vascular structure. Conclusion Anisodamine chronic adminstration will improve the vascular endothelial and smooth muscle relaxation, and change a benign vascular structure, Anisodamine has a protective effect on endothelial and smooth muscle.

Key words: 
anisodamine;  aortic rings;  vascular function ;  vascular morphology
A simple template-based hot-press method for the fabrication of metal and polymer nanowires and nanotubes (2005)

A simple template-based hot-press method has been developed to fabricate metal and polymer nanowires and nanotubes. By using this method, indium, tin, and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer nanowires and nanotubes with diameters ranging from 50 to 300 nm and lengths up to 60 νm were successfully obtained. The effects of the hot-press temperature and the pore size of the template on the formation of nanowires and nanotubes are discussed. The present method is comparatively simple, efficient and low cost, and can be readily extended to prepare other nanowires and nanotubes using a variety of low melting point materials as the starting precursors.
Hydrocarbon Fluorescence and Migration of Petroleum (1962)

Under ultraviolet radiation all crude oils exhibit fluorescence which varies in intensity and hue. During analysis of fluorescence emission spectra of 105 Colorado, Wyoming, and Alberta, Canada, crude oils, and 10 organic matter extracts, six prominent peaks of fluorescence were identified at 4440A, 4520A, 4720A, 4830A, 5780A, and 6300A. Fluorescence of crude oils results from the radiations of many groups of organic compounds, the major ones being the polyaromatic and heterocyclic hydrocarbons. Color of fluorescence is determined primarily by heavy hydrocarbon mixtures whose composition is altered during oil migration. The longer the percolation path and the more active the porous solids encountered along the path, the more complete is the selective removal of fluorescing compounds, shifting fluorescence to shorter wavelengths. Fluorescence color is not affected greatly by source or reservoir environment conditions. Fluoranalysis of 11 crude samples from Lance Creek field, Niobrara County, Wyoming, indicates that Jurassic Basal Sundance crude oils are not indigenous to the Jurassic reservoirs but have migrated from Lower Cretaceous source or reservoir rocks across a thrust fault on the northwest side of the Lance Creek anticline. Fluorescence analysis indicates that the McMurray bitumen from Alberta, Canada, represents an immature crude which originated from contiguous Lower Cretaceous source rocks. Fluorescence of Cretaceous D and J sandstone crudes from nineteen oil fields in the Denver basin, Colorado, indicates that J sand crudes have, in general, migrated farther from source rocks to reservoirs than have D sand crudes from similar sources. Fluoranalyses may be used to determine direction and distance of crude oil migration, to identify source rocks, to assist in the solution of migrational problems complicated by geologic structure, and to determine the states of migration of natural hydrocarbons in oil field waters.
Achievable Transmission Capacity of Relay-Assisted Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication Underlay Cellular Networks (2013)

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is considered to be a promising resource reuse technology for local users, which can support high-speed and power- saving services. However, when D2D users are far away from each other or the quality of D2D channel is not good enough for direct communication, transmission via a direct link is not a good choice. In this paper, we focus on the performance of relay assisted D2D network. Unlike the previous works that mainly study practical relay selection algorithm, we analyze the achievable transmission capacity of multi-hop D2D system over Rayleigh fading channels. First, by using stochastic geometry, the probability distribution of end-to-end signal-to-interference- plus-noise ratio (SINR) in the spectrum sharing network is formulated. Then the achievable transmission capacity is modeled as an optimization problem with constraints that guarantee the outage probability of both cellular and D2D systems. Finally the optimal design of D2D spatial density and transmit power is analyzed and the achievable transmission capacity of multi-hop D2D system is given in closed-form expression. Numerical results show the performance of the D2D network can be effectively enhanced by relay-assisted transmission. We also verify the optimal design of D2D parameters and evaluate the influence of the number of relay hops on the system capacity and power efficiency.