gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood Pressure Components and Changes in Relation to White Matter Lesions (2009)

This study aimed to examine the long-term effect of high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure) on white matter lesions and to study changes in different blood pressure components in relation to white matter lesions. A representative population of women was examined in 1968 and re-examined in 1974, 1980, 1992, and 2000. The presence and severity of white matter lesions on computed tomography were rated by a visual rating scale in 1992 and 2000 in 539 women. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured at all of the examinations. We found that presence and severity of white matter lesions in 1992/2000 were associated with higher diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure at each examination but not with systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. Odds ratios (95% CIs) for the presence of white matter lesions per 10-mm Hg increase in diastolic pressure were 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9) in 1968, 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) in 1974, 1.4 (1.1 to 1.9) in 1980, and 1.3 (1.0 to 1.6) in 1992 after adjustment for confounders. The presence of white matter lesions was also associated with a 24-year increase in diastolic pressure (>10 mm Hg), systolic pressure (>40 mm Hg), pulse pressure (>24 mm Hg), and mean arterial pressure (>6 mm Hg; odds ratios [95% CIs]: 2.6 [1.3 to 5.1] for diastolic pressure; 2.0 [1.2 to 3.4] for systolic pressure; 1.8 [1.1 to 2.7] for pulse pressure; and 2.2 [1.4 to 3.4] for mean arterial pressure). Our findings suggest that lowering high diastolic blood pressure and preventing large increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures may have a protective effect on white matter lesions.
Chapter 3 (2003)

Previous hypotheses for the origin and diversification of pinnipeds have followed a narrative approach based mostly on dispersalist (i.e., center of origin) explanations. Using an analytical approach, we present a testable hypothesis to explain the evolutionary biogeography of pinnipedimorphs (fur seals, sea lions, walruses, seals, and their fossil relatives) based on both dispersal and vicariant events in the context of a species-level phylogenetic framework. This integrated hypothesis considers many lines of evidence, including physical and ecologic factors controlling modern pinniped distributions, past geologic events related to opening and closing of seaways, paleoceanographic models, the improving pinniped fossil record, and pinniped phylogenetic analyses based on both morphologic and molecular data sets. Oceanic biogeographic regions and faunal provinces are defined and oceanic circulation patterns discussed with reference to the distribution of extant and fossil species. Paleobiogeographic hypotheses for each of the major pinniped lineages are presented using area cladograms and paleogeographic maps showing oceanographic and tectonic changes during successive intervals of the Cenozoic.
Effects of Environmental Factors and Nutrient Availability on the Biochemical Composition of Algae for Biofuels Production: A Review (2013)

Due to significant lipid and carbohydrate production as well as other useful properties such as high production of useful biomolecular substrates (e.g., lipids) and the ability to grow using non-potable water sources, algae are being explored as a potential high-yield feedstock for biofuels production. In both natural and engineered systems, algae can be exposed to a variety of environmental conditions that affect growth rate and cellular composition. With respect to the latter, the amount of carbon fixed in lipids and carbohydrates (e.g., starch) is highly influenced by environmental factors and nutrient availability. Understanding synergistic interactions between multiple environmental variables and nutritional factors is required to develop sustainable high productivity bioalgae systems, which are essential for commercial biofuel production. This article reviews the effects of environmental factors (i.e., temperature, light and pH) and nutrient availability (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace metals) as well as cross-interactions on the biochemical composition of algae with a special focus on carbon fixation and partitioning of carbon from a biofuels perspective.
Approximate inverse for linear and some nonlinear problems (1995)

In this paper we present a method for solving problems such as Af=g by constructing an approximate inverse which maps the data g to a regularized solution of this equation of the first kind. The solution operator can be precomputed independently of the data. This works for linear problems and for nonlinear problems with a special structure. The regularization is achieved by computing mollified versions of the (minimum-norm) solution. It is shown that this class of regularization operators contains as special cases the classical methods such as Tikhonov-Phillips, iteration methods and also discretization methods.
Solution Phase Gold Nanorings on a Viral Protein Template (2011)

Current studies on materials that exhibit metamaterial properties are mainly focused on lithography-generated 2D substrates. Here we report the successful fabrication of 22 nm gold nanoparticle rings with and without a central nanoparticle assembled on Tobacco Mosaic Virus coat protein disks. These structures are one of the first examples of nanorings produced independently of a substrate and represent the first steps toward the realization of a solution-phase or coatings-based metamaterial.
Study of the comparison of the methods of equivalent sources and boundary element methods for near-field acoustic holography (2006)

Boundary element methods (BEM) based near-field acoustic holography (NAH) has been used successfully in order to reconstruct the normal velocity on an arbitrarily shaped structure surface from measurements of the pressure field on a nearby conformal surface. An alternative approach for this reconstruction on a general structure utilizes the equivalent sources method (ESM). In ESM the acoustic field is represented by a set of point sources located over a surface that is close to the structure surface. This approach is attractive mainly for its simplicity of implementation and speed. In this work ESM as an approximation of BEM based NAH is studied and the necessary conditions for the successful application of this approach in NAH is discussed. A cylindrical fuselage surface excited by a point force as an example to validate the results is used.
Homochiral α-<scp>d</scp>- and β-<scp>d</scp>-Isoxazolidinylthymidines via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition (1999)

The introduction of chiral auxiliaries at the C- or N-atom in starting nitrones has been investigated as a stereoselective synthetic route to heterocyclic nucleoside analogues. The carbohydrate auxiliary at nitrogen atom gave the best results, thus allowing an easy and enantioselective synthesis of isoxazolidinyl thymine 26.
Adaptive instantiation of the protocol interference model in wireless networked sensing and control (2014)

Interference model is the basis of MAC protocol design in wireless networked sensing and control, and it directly affects the efficiency and predictability of wireless messaging. To exploit the strengths of both the physical and the protocol interference models, we analyze how network traffic, link length, and wireless signal attenuation affect the optimal instantiation of the protocol model. We also identify the inherent trade-off between reliability and throughput in the model instantiation. Our analysis sheds light on the open problem of efficiently optimizing the protocol model instantiation. Based on the analytical results, we propose the physical-ratio-K (PRK) interference model as a reliability-oriented instantiation of the protocol model. Via analysis, simulation, and testbed-based measurement, we show that PRK-based scheduling achieves a network throughput very close to (e.g., 95%) what is enabled by physical-model-based scheduling while ensuring the required packet delivery reliability. The PRK model inherits both the high fidelity of the physical model and the locality of the protocol model, thus it is expected to be suitable for distributed protocol design. These findings shed new light on wireless interference models; they also suggest new approaches to MAC protocol design in the presence of uncertainties in network and environmental conditions as well as application QoS requirements.
Clinical Significance of B7‐H1 and B7‐1 Expressions in Pancreatic Carcinoma (2010)

Both B7-H1 and B7-1 are expressed in PC; these molecules are important markers for PC progression. Furthermore, combined B7-1/B7-H1 expression can serve as an independent prognostic marker for PC.
The Appropriate Use of “Delta-V” in Describing Accident Severity (1999)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The term “Delta-V” has become widely used as a descriptor of accident severity for automotive crash investigations and safety research, and yet, the term remains poorly defined and vaguely used in too many situations. The literal definition of Delta-V is the velocity vector difference between a pre and post impact. Many current uses of “Delta-V” do not apply the appropriate qualifiers grounded in basic crash dynamic principles, and such lax use of the term can be misleading and, at times, erroneous. These problems are compounded when researchers refer in generic terms to “Delta-V” in national databases such as NASS without describing, or even knowing, what the physical basis for calculating the data entries were. The present analysis shows that essentially all the “Delta-V’s” in the NASS database are based on damage energy methods taken from vehicle damage forensic measurements. Examples of the use of Delta-V in the literature and in field accident reconstruction cases are discussed along with pointing out where errors can and do occur. Also presented is a timely review of basic physical principles of crash dynamics in the context of real-world crash modes and examples.</div></div>
Measurement of IgE Antibody by an Antigen-Binding Assay: Correlation with PK Activity and IgG and IgA Antibodies to Allergens (1978)

Abstract A quantitative radioimmunoassay for IgE antibodies (ab) is described. The assay measures IgE antigen-binding activity (BA) by using purified allergens radiolabeled with 125I, IgE myeloma serum as a source of carrier protein, and monospecific goat anti-IgE (anti-IgE) to precipitate the IgE. IgE BA for the Group I protein of rye grass pollen (Rye I) was measured in the serum of patients with grass pollen hay fever who had never received immunotherapy. Values for IgE BA were found to correlate well with radioallergosorbent technique (RAST) results (rs = 0.89, p&lt;0.001). By assaying IgE-rich fractions, pure IgG, and whole serum, we found a good correlation between IgE BA, Prausnitz-Küstner (PK) activity, and total IgE. A positive PK test could be elicited with 0.05 ml of dilutions containing as little as 1 or 2 units IgE BA for Rye I/ml. PK testing was more sensitive than either RAST or the antigen-binding assay. Estimates based on the quantity of antigen bound in antigen excess suggested that 1 unit IgE BA represented 0.1 ng IgE ab. With higher concentrations of antigen (up to 1 µg/ml), however, estimates suggested that 1 unit IgE BA represented as much as 0.4 ng IgE ab. These higher estimates appeared to correlate reasonably well with estimates based on RAST elution or RAST absorption. The assay for IgE BA was directly comparable with assays for IgG BA and IgA BA. Results of these assays on sera from the patients showed that IgG BA for Rye I was detectable in 25 of 25 IgE BA in 24 of 25, and IgA BA in 21 of 25. Quantitatively we found a characteristic pattern IgG BA &gt; IgE BA &gt; IgA BA (geometric mean values 862, 214, and 60.2 units/ml, respectively). In keeping with this there was a highly significant quantitative correlation between IgG BA and IgE BA (r = 0.72, p&lt;0.001). None of the sera from nonallergic persons contained detectable IgA or IgE BA for Rye I; however, 20% of these sera (10 of 48) contained IgG BA.
Decipher test impacts decision making among patients considering adjuvant and salvage treatment after radical prostatectomy: Interim results from the Multicenter Prospective PRO‐IMPACT study (2017)

Knowledge of Decipher test results was associated with treatment decision making and improved decisional effectiveness among men with PCa who were considering ART and SRT. Cancer 2017;123:2850-59. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Multimodal and Multi-view Models for Emotion Recognition (2019)

Studies on emotion recognition (ER) show that combining lexical and acoustic information results in more robust and accurate models. The majority of the studies focus on settings where both modalities are available in training and evaluation. However, in practice, this is not always the case; getting ASR output may represent a bottleneck in a deployment pipeline due to computational complexity or privacyrelated constraints. To address this challenge, we study the problem of efficiently combining acoustic and lexical modalities during training while still providing a deployable acoustic model that does not require lexical inputs. We first experiment with multimodal models and two attention mechanisms to assess the extent of the benefits that lexical information can provide. Then, we frame the task as a multi-view learning problem to induce semantic information from a multimodal model into our acoustic-only network using a contrastive loss function. Our multimodal model outperforms the previous state of the art on the USC-IEMOCAP dataset reported on lexical and acoustic information. Additionally, our multi-view-trained acoustic network significantly surpasses models that have been exclusively trained with acoustic features.
Efficient Monte Carlo Counterfactual Regret Minimization in Games with Many Player Actions (2012)

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) is a popular, iterative algorithm for computing strategies in extensive-form games. The Monte Carlo CFR (MCCFR) variants reduce the per iteration time cost of CFR by traversing a smaller, sampled portion of the tree. The previous most effective instances of MCCFR can still be very slow in games with many player actions since they sample every action for a given player. In this paper, we present a new MCCFR algorithm, Average Strategy Sampling (AS), that samples a subset of the player's actions according to the player's average strategy. Our new algorithm is inspired by a new, tighter bound on the number of iterations required by CFR to converge to a given solution quality. In addition, we prove a similar, tighter bound for AS and other popular MCCFR variants. Finally, we validate our work by demonstrating that AS converges faster than previous MCCFR algorithms in both no-limit poker and Bluff.
A low-pressure guerbet reaction over magnesium oxide catalyst (1990)

W. Ueda, T. Kuwabara, T. Ohshida and Y. Morikawa, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 1558 DOI: 10.1039/C39900001558
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-AB Promotes the Generation of Adult Bone Marrow–Derived Cardiac Myocytes (2004)

The directed generation of cardiac myocytes from endogenous stem cells offers the potential for novel therapies for cardiovascular disease. To facilitate the development of such approaches, we sought to identify and exploit the pathways directing the generation of cardiac myocytes from adult rodent bone marrow cells (BMCs). In vitro cultures supporting the spontaneous generation of functional cardiac myocytes from murine BMCs demonstrated induced expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and -B isoforms with alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chains as well as connexin43. Supplementation of PDGF-AB speeded the kinetics of myocyte development in culture by 2-fold. In a rat heart, myocardial infarction pretreatment model PDGF-AB also promoted the derivation of cardiac myocytes from BMCs, resulting in a significantly greater number of islands of cardiac myocyte bundles within the myocardial infarction scar compared with other treatment groups. However, gap junctions were detected only between the cardiac myocytes receiving BMCs alone, but not BMCs injected with PDGF-AB. Echocardiography and exercise testing revealed that the functional improvement of hearts treated with the combination of BMCs and PDGF-AB was no greater than with injections of BMCs or PDGF-AB alone. These studies demonstrated that PDGF-AB enhances the generation of BMC-derived cardiac myocytes in rodent hearts, but suggest that alterations in cellular patterning may limit the functional benefit from the combined injection of PDGF-AB and BMCs. Strategies based on the synergistic interactions of PDGF-AB and endogenous stem cells will need to maintain cellular patterning in order to promote the restoration of cardiac function after acute coronary occlusion.
Optimization of resonance‐type fatigue testing for a full‐scale wind turbine blade (2015)

Abstract Fatigue testing of a 48.3 m wind turbine blade needs to utilize the blade's oscillation range of 8.4 m along the flapwise direction for one million cycles. Control of such a remarkable oscillation range makes flapwise fatigue testing difficult and requires a large supply of energy. This study minimized the actuating force required for flapwise fatigue testing using an on‐board‐type resonance exciter with constant amplitude. Constraints related to the exciter's stroke and capacity and the maximum error between target loads and test loads were also considered. Based on a new algorithm suggested in this study, first, we found test setup candidates minimizing the maximum error under a given testing frequency and then found more candidates having slightly larger maximum errors as the exciter's location moved toward the blade's tip. Next, using damping ratio equations for the test blade, a required actuating force of the exciter at each test setup candidate was calculated. Considering the exciter's capacity, we found an optimum test setup that requires a minimum actuating force in the vicinity of the minimum of the maximum error between target loads and test loads. To conclude, the approach suggested in this study was able to conclusively achieve the required fatigue testing of the test blade, avoiding the adverse increase of fatigue testing time possible to happen due to a required actuating force larger than the exciter's capacity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EFFECT OF FOOD ON THE MULTIPLE-PEAK BEHAVIOR AFTER A SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM SLOW-RELEASE TABLET IN HUMANS (1995)

This study evaluated the effect of a standard meal on the multiple-peak behavior of diclofenac sodium following oral administration of a 100-mg slow-release (SR) wax-matrix tablet. The study was a randomized, 3 × 3 Latin-square trial balanced for residual effects, in which 18 subjects were randomly assigned to treatment sequences consisting of three treatments: (A) one 100-mg SR tablet, fasted; (B) one 100-mg SR tablet, fed; and (C) 100-mg diclofenac sodium buffered aqueous solution, fasted. Blood samples were obtained over a 24-h period for Treatments A and B, and over an 8-h period for Treatment C. Food did not significantly affect the extent of absorption but generally delayed the onset of absorption from the SR tablet. The plasma concentration-time profile for the SR tablet under fasted conditions was characterized by multiple-peak behavior. Under fed conditions, the SR tablet showed a more consistent absorption pattern, with a single peak occurring usually between 5 and 6 h. The concentration-time profile of the buffered aqueous solution showed a very rapid absorption phase followed by a rapid decline and a terminal elimination half-life of approximately 1.8 h. A single peak was observed following the buffered aqueous solution. This observation, in conjunction with evidence from other studies, leads to the conclusion that gastrointestinal pH may be responsible for the multiple-peak behavior observed following diclofenac sodium dosing. As compared to the solution, the was-matrix tablet under both fasted and fed conditions showed slow-release, characteristics.
A novel method for producing x-ray test objects and phantoms (2004)

A novel method for producing customized x-ray test objects and clinically realistic phantoms has been developed. Test objects can be created with a drawing software package and the digital images can be printed on a standard inkjet printer but using potassium iodide solution in place of the cartridge's ink. The reproducibility and the consistency, the limiting spatial resolution, the uniformity as well as the potassium iodide thickness per print have been evaluated. The relationship between the number of prints, grey levels and the radiation contrast was investigated and quantified. A copy of the Leeds TO10 contrast detail test object was printed and the x-ray images of the Leeds TO10 and of the printed Leeds TO10 were compared. In addition, the potential use of this method was demonstrated by reproducing a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty clinical digital image. The reproducibility and consistency of this method was found to be better than 0.1%. The limiting spatial resolution of the printer using ink was found to be 3.55 1p mm(-1) but it deteriorated when the ink was replaced with potassium iodide and as the print density increases. The uniformity across the printed area was found to be satisfactory although an artefact due to the printer was present in the x-ray images. The comparison between the Leeds TO10 and the printed Leeds TO10 gave differences less than 10%. A good agreement between the clinical image and the printed clinical image was found. In conclusion, the method is a reliable, cost-effective, flexible and alternative way for producing x-ray test objects and clinically related phantoms.
von Willebrand factor released from Weibel-Palade bodies binds more avidly to extracellular matrix than that secreted constitutively (1987)

Large multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWf) are released from the Weibel-Palade bodies of cultured endothelial cells following treatment with a secretagogue (Sporn et al, Cell 46:185, 1986). These multimers were shown by immunofluorescent staining to bind more extensively to the extracellular matrix of human foreskin fibroblasts than constitutively secreted vWf, which is composed predominantly of dimeric molecules. Increased binding of A23187-released vWf was not due to another component present in the releasate, since releasate from which vWf was adsorbed, when added together with constitutively secreted vWf, did not promote binding. When iodinated plasma vWf was overlaid onto the fibroblasts, the large forms bound preferentially to the matrix. These results indicated that the enhanced binding of the vWf released from the Weibel-Palade bodies was likely due to its large multimeric size. It appears that multivalency is an important component of vWf interaction with the extracellular matrix, just as has been shown for vWf interaction with platelets. The pool of vWf contained within the Weibel-Palade bodies, therefore, is not only especially suited for platelet binding, but also for interaction with the extracellular matrix.
Glycation (1994)

A COMMON feature of a number of neuropathies is the formation of characteristic histopathological lesions of neural amyloid. Although the major components of many of these lesions have been identified, the nature of the modifications of these normal cellular proteins that lead to amyloidogenesis remains elusive. The purpose of this article is to introduce the hypothesis that protein glycation might account for the modifications of normal cellular proteins leading to amyloid formation neuropathogenesis.