gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of FAS within hypothalamic neurons: a model for decreased food intake after C75 treatment (2002)

We previously demonstrated that C75, a specific and potent inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS), reduced food intake and decreased body weight in mice. In the present study, we determined that these effects were not due to conditioned taste aversion. To investigate the mechanism of C75 action, we examined FAS brain expression. FAS was expressed in a number of brain regions, including arcuate and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) within regions that comprise the arcuate-PVN pathway in mouse and human. Although C75 and fasting significantly downregulated liver FAS, FAS levels remained high in hypothalamus, indicating that FAS levels were regulated differently in brain from those in liver. Double fluorescence in situ for FAS and neuropeptide Y (NPY) showed that FAS co-localized with NPY in neurons in the arcuate nucleus. NPY immnuoreactivity after C75 treatment was decreased in axon terminals that innervate the PVN and lateral hypothalamus. Collectively, these results demonstrate that FAS is present and active in neurons and suggests that C75 may alter food intake via interactions within the arcuate-PVN pathway mediated by NPY.
Separation of Cobalt and Nickel by Liquid Surfactant Membranes Containing a Synthesized Cationic Surfactant (1998)

ABSTRACT Separation of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) by using a hydroxyoxime extractant has been investigated both in liquid-liquid extraction and in a liquid surfactant membrane(LSM) system. In the liquid-liquid equilibrium extraction studies, hydroxyoximes showed significant extractability for nickel ions, although LIX 84 was found to have exceptional chelating affinity for nickel ions. In the LSM system functionalized by hydroxyoxime, the cobalt ions were efficiently separated from nickel ions as a result of slower permeation of nickel chelates across the emulsion membrane. More complete cobalt recovery was achieved in the LSMs dosed with LIX 860 than when the same carrier was applied to the liquid-liquid extraction system. Furthermore, cobalt permeation rate was enhanced threefold when a quaternary ammonium type of cationic surfactant was used as an emulsifier due to carrier interaction with surfactant at the reaction interface. The permeation mechanism of ions in LSMs was elucidated by an interfacial reaction model which took into account the adsorption of the carrier and surfactant at the reaction interface.
MIMO-UWB smart antenna communication characteristics for different antenna arrays of transmitters (2012)

The channel capacity of indoor multiple-input multiple-output ultra-wide band (MIMO-UWB) transmission for smart antenna is presented. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to synthesize the radiation pattern of the directional antenna array to maximize the capacity performance in indoor MIMO-UWB communication system. Three types of antenna arrays such as circular shape, L shape and Y shape arrays are used in the transmitter and their corresponding capacity on several paths in the indoor environment are calculated. The UWB impulse responses of the indoor channel for any transmitter-receiver location are computed by applying shooting and bouncing ray/image (SBR/image) techniques, inverse fast Fourier transform and Hermitian processing. By using the calculated frequency response, the capacity performance of the synthesized antenna pattern on MIMO-UWB system can be computed. Based on the topography of the antenna array and the capacity formula, the array pattern synthesis problem can be reformulated into an optimization problem and solved by the GA algorithm. The GA algorithm optimization is applied to a high order nonlinear optimization problem. The novelties of our approach is not only choosing capacity as the cost function instead of sidelobe level of the antenna pattern, but also considering the antenna feed length effect of each array element. The cost function for the problem is nonsmooth and discontinuous with respect to the antenna pattern. It is difficult to solve by gradient methods, since the derivative is hard to derive. The GA algorithm is employed to optimize the excitation voltages and feed lengths for these antenna arrays to increase the capacity. The strong point of the GA is that it can find out the solution even if the performance index cannot be formulated by simple equations. Numerical results show that the synthesized antenna array pattern is effective to focus maximum gain to the LOS path for these antenna arrays. In other words, the receiver can increase the received signal energy to noise ratio. The synthesized array pattern also can mitigate severe multipath fading in complex propagation environment. As a result, the capacity can be increased substantially in indoor MIMO-UWB communication system. The investigated results can help communication engineers improve their planning and design of indoor wireless communication. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.
Concurrent simulation of reactor core dynamics (1993)

The paper illustrates the use of parallel processing to simulate dynamical systems described by a complex high-dimensional set of ordinary differential equations. A substantial paradigm problem is drawn from the nuclear industry to illustrate the use of an integrated parallel processing methodology. This includes heuristic rules for algorithm and architecture selection, a classification for decomposition techniques, and their use in a well known and structured top-down approach. A new (parallel) version of the Davison–Cross stiff system solver is introduced and used in five different parallel processing configurations. Significant benefits owing to the extensive use of parallel emulation techniques to iteratively propose and refine candidate parallel processing solutions are highlighted.
Anomaly detection of CAN bus messages through analysis of ID sequences (2017)

This paper proposes a novel intrusion detection algorithm that aims to identify malicious CAN messages injected by attackers in the CAN bus of modern vehicles. The proposed algorithm identifies anomalies in the sequence of messages that flow in the CAN bus and is characterized by small memory and computational footprints, that make it applicable to current ECUs. Its detection performance are demonstrated through experiments carried out on real CAN traffic gathered from an unmodified licensed vehicle.
Beyond <scp>DNA</scp> repair, the immunological role of <scp>PARP</scp> ‐1 and its siblings (2013)

ADP-ribosylation is the addition of one or more (up to some hundreds) ADP-ribose moieties to acceptor proteins. There are two major families of enzymes that catalyse this reaction: extracellular ADP-ribosyl-transferases (ARTs), which are bound to the cell membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor or are secreted, and poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerases (PARPs), which are present in the cell nucleus and/or cytoplasm. Recent findings revealed a wide immunological role for ADP-ribosylating enzymes. ARTs, by sensing extracellular NAD concentration, can act as danger detectors. PARP-1, the prototypical representative of the PARP family, known to protect cells from genomic instability, is involved in the development of inflammatory responses and several forms of cell death. PARP-1 also plays a role in adaptive immunity by modulating the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate T cells or by directly affecting the differentiation and functions of T and B cells. Both PARP-1 and PARP-14 (CoaSt6) knockout mice were described to display reduced T helper type 2 cell differentiation and allergic responses. Our recent findings showed that PARP-1 is involved in the differentiation of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, suggesting a role for PARP-1 in tolerance induction. Also ARTs regulate Treg cell homeostasis by promoting Treg cell apoptosis during inflammatory responses. PARP inhibitors ameliorate immune-mediated diseases in several experimental models, including rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and allergy. Together these findings show that ADP-ribosylating enzymes, in particular PARP-1, play a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses and may represent a good target for new therapeutic approaches in immune-mediated diseases.
Living with a chronic wound: the voices of sufferers. (2000)

As the American population continues to age and people live longer, a growing number of individuals have chronic health problems. Of these health problems, chronic wounds are among the costliest. The focus of this research was to understand the meaning of having a nonhealing wound. Heideggerian hermeneutics--one of several approaches to interpretive scholarship--was used in this study. Through interpreting language or texts, Heideggerian hermeneutics seeks to reveal meanings. In this study, the researchers interviewed 10 participants with chronic wounds and performed data analysis of the transcripts using qualitative software, and then Diekelmann's framework of Heideggerian hermeneutical analysis. Two constitutive patterns with six themes emerged from the data--"contending with the wound" and "staying home; staying back." Profound themes of oozing and smelling, losing sleep, being in pain, and noticing are described in the participants own words in the text. By listening to the participants' stories and understanding what it is like to live with a chronic wound, healthcare providers can create caring contexts.
A new class generation mechanism by method integration (2002)

Presents a mechanism for automatically generating new classes from classes existing in a user library by using their modification histories. To generate classes that are likely to meet user requirements and are consistent with the existing classes, we propose three actors-Specifier, Finder and Integrator-that perform this mechanism. Specifier records the history of modifications between methods with the same interface of a parent class and its heir. If the required method is not defined in the existing class which a user is referring to, Finder retrieves classes similar to the referenced class and Integrator applies the past modifications of similar classes to the referenced class. Classes are determined to be similar based on their positions in a class hierarchy tree. Both Specifier and Integrator are achieved by a method integration algorithm based on object-oriented bounded program slicing and class dependence graph matching. The mechanism enables users to reuse new classes with little or no modification, and thus easily create object-oriented programs.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF A SEMI-AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC WHEELCHAIR DIRECTED THROUGH ELECTRODES (1997)

Many people with disabilities do not have the dexterity necessary to control a joystick on an electric wheelchair. Our system allows a semiautonomous robotic wheelchair to be commanded by head and eye movement using electrodes placed around the eyes. Once the user issues a high level command such as forward, the wheelchair system will perform the command while avoiding obstacles and taking care of any necessary driving adjustments. Since our system will automatically avoid obstacles and make motor corrections, less effort is required by the user to drive the system. We present preliminary results on an experimental system that combines the Wheelesley robotic wheelchair with the EagleEyes system for controlling a computer through electrodes.
Cholesterol based antineoplastic strategies. (1997)

Manipulation of cholesterol metabolism open several possibilities of interfering with the growth of malignant cells. Deprivation of cholesterol decreases the velocity of growth and alters the composition of the cell membrane. The high requirement for LDL of malignant cells can be utilized for drug targeting. Proliferation assays were performed with neuroblastoma cells and cell lines of acute myeloid leukemia deprived of cholesterol by inhibition of HMG-CoA-reductase or culture in LDL-deficient medium. The cholesterol content of the cell membrane when reduced to 50% had no effect on the toxicity of LAK-cells but the toxicity of the fluorescent dye merocyanine MC 540 was enhanced two-fold. LDL-mediated drug targeting to AML cells was performed with oxidized LDL and showed toxic reactions. These results proved that cholesterol deprivation could be used to support some therapeutic approaches.
Catheter Ablation for the Treatment of Electrical Storm in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (2008)

Advanced strategies of catheter ablation applied to a large population of patients are effective in the short-term treatment of ES. By preventing ES recurrence, catheter ablation may play a protective role over the long term and, together with long-term pharmacological therapy, may favorably affect cardiac mortality.
Disuse in adult male rats attenuates the bone anabolic response to a therapeutic dose of parathyroid hormone (2006)

Intermittent treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases bone formation and prevents bone loss in hindlimb-unloaded (HLU) rats. However, the mechanisms of action of PTH are incompletely known. To explore possible interactions between weight bearing and PTH, we treated 6-mo-old weight-bearing and HLU rats with a human therapeutic dose (1 microg.kg(-1).day(-1)) of human PTH(1-34) (hPTH). Cortical and cancellous bone formation was measured in tibia at the diaphysis proximal to the tibia-fibula synostosis and at the proximal metaphysis, respectively. Two weeks of hindlimb unloading resulted in a dramatic decrease in the rate of bone formation at both skeletal sites, which was prevented by PTH treatment at the cancellous site only. In contrast, PTH treatment increased cortical as well as cancellous bone formation in weight-bearing rats. Two-way ANOVA revealed that hPTH and HLU had independent and opposite effects on all histomorphometric indexes of bone formation [mineral apposition rate (MAR), double-labeled perimeter (dLPm), and bone formation rate (BFR)] at both skeletal sites. The bone anabolic effects of weight bearing and hPTH on dLPm and BFR at the cortical site were additive, as were the effects on MAR at the cancellous site. In contrast, weight bearing and hPTH resulted in synergistic increases in cortical bone MAR and cancellous bone dLPm and BFR. We conclude that weight bearing and PTH act cooperatively to increase bone formation by resulting in site-specific additive and synergistic increases in indexes of osteoblast number and activity, suggesting that weight-bearing exercise targeted to osteopenic skeletal sites may improve the efficacy of PTH therapy for osteoporosis.
Design method for offset shaped dual-reflector antenna with an elliptical aperture of low cross-polarisation characteristics (1999)

The paper presents a design method for an offset shaped dual-reflector antenna (OSDRA) with an elliptical aperture of low cross-polarisation characteristics. This method is a dual-reflector synthesis based on a reflector shaping method using reflector shaping functions and is applied to attain low cross-polarisation characteristics for the OSDRA. The initial values for the reflector shaping are explicitly determined by a reflector system configuration transformation technique. This design method has been verified through measurement of an elliptical aperture antenna for a satellite news gathering system and a very small aperture terminal in the Ku band.
Facile synthesis of azo-linked porous organic frameworks via reductive homocoupling for selective CO<sub>2</sub> capture (2014)

A facile Zn-induced reductive homocoupling reaction was used to synthesize azo-linked porous organic frameworks (azo-POFs) from easily accessed nitro monomers.
Experimental Study on the Fire Resistance of the iTECH Composite Beam (2006)

Thispaper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the fire performances ofsimply supported iTECH composite beams using an ISO834 standard fire. There are very few independent studies on the fire resistance of composite steel and concrete structures of various designs. The iTECH composite beam system has been used in construction, but nothing is known about its influence in a fire. To evaluate the fire resistance performanceof the iTECH beam, a test was conducted for 4.7m-span-length iTECH beams under given conditions in a laboratory. The fire resistance performance of unprotected coatings of the iTECH beam has been examined, and a longer period of fire resistance was achieved by increasing the beam coating's section size and decreasing its load ratio. Coatings for the fire protection of iTECH beams reduce the rate of temperature rise of the beam in case of fire, and the required thickness of spray-on fire protection coatings can be determined by means of tests.
Myelin Basic Protein Administration in Multiple Sclerosis (1973)

Sixty-four subjects served in a doubleblind trial to test the efficacy of desensitization to human myelin basic protein (BP) as a therapy in multiple sclerosis. A difference appeared in the self-evaluation of the patients of the two groups, the experimentals appearing statistically better at periods late in the trial. Some patients were able to tell the BP from the placebo by a feeling of well-being, which the protein induced, others by improvement of bladder control or feeling of fatigue. No adverse reactions were encountered. The approach appears valid and should be pursued further with larger doses of BP or with the synthetic peptide fragments.
Introduction (2011)

Many problems we face in daily life involve some degree of uncertainty and we need to use probabilistic reasoning in order to make a sound decision, be it an investment, medical, or social problem. In many cases “probability” may represent our personal judgment about how likely a particular event (e.g., price movement of a stock we own; positive or negative effect of some medicine we may choose to take when we are ill) is to occur. Probability attached to a given event is generally not based on any precise computation but is often a reasonable assessment based on our knowledge or experience. Such probability may be aptly called subjective or qualitative probability, and may not be scientifically estimated, unless the same event happens repeatedly.
High density housing (2015)

Under the process of urbanisation, more people settled in cities. This increasing population, along with demographic changes and purchase for investment, has broken the housing supply and demand balance. Meanwhile, without a fully established development regulation, the city has been out of control during recent decades. At this stage, policy makers and developers want to achieve higher density through making land sections smaller, which will lead to inhabitants losing privacy. \n\nThis project creates a living community development in a suburban area which will achieve higher density numbers and better living conditions compared with a traditional suburban living environment. Architecturally designed, medium high rise apartment buildings sitting on the site, engaged with landscaped, public open space will build a model for future living community development. Local climatic conditions have been considered in the design process, helping to improve the quality of living in increased density situations.\n\nProject site: Te Atatu Road, Te Atatu Peninsula, Auckland.
Analysing Recurrent Hospitalizations in Heart Failure: A Review of Statistical Methodology, with Application to CHARM-Preserved (2013)

In patients with preserved EF, candesartan reduces the rate of admissions for worsening heart failure, to a greater extent than apparent from analysing only first hospitalizations. Recurrent events should be routinely incorporated into the analysis of future clinical trials in heart failure.
A flexible procedure for multiple cadaveric organ procurement. (1984)

Techniques have been developed which permit removal of the kidneys, liver, heart and other organs from the same donor without jeopardy to any of the individual grafts. The guiding principle is avoidance with all organs of warm ischemia. This is achieved by carefully timed and controlled infusion of cold solutions into anatomic regions, the limits of which are defined by preliminary dissection.
Safety Assessment Using Behavior Trees and Model Checking (2010)

This paper demonstrates the use of Behavior Trees and model checking to assess system safety requirements for a system containing substantial redundancy. The case study concerns the hydraulics systems for the Airbus A320 aircraft, which are critical for aircraft control. The system design is supposed to be able to handle up to 3 different components failing individually, without loss of all hydraulic power. Verifying the logic of such designs is difficult for humans because of the sheer amount of detail and number of different cases that need to be considered. The paper demonstrates how model checking can yield insights into what combinations of component failures can lead to system failure.
ALD W CMP for HKMG (2013)

ALD W CMP characteristic are examined for SiH 4 and B 2 H 6 base respectively. ALD W removal rate of B 2 H 6 base is higher than that of SiH 4 base. Potentiodynamic polarization scans results indicate that the amorphous structure of the B 2 H 6 base has a higher tendency to be corroded than the polycrystalline structure of the SiH 4 base in the W CMP slurry with 2 wt% H 2 O 2 . RMS of ALD W after CMP are all less than 1nm for SiH 4 and B 2 H 6 base.
Molecular beam epitaxy growth and properties of GaN, Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>N, and AlN on GaN/SiC substrates (1996)

The thin film growth of GaN, AlGaN, and AlN on GaN/SiC substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been studied. The GaN/SiC substrates consisted of 3-μm-thick GaN buffer layers grown on 6H-SiC wafers by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) at Cree Research, Inc. A radio frequency plasma source was employed to generate active nitrogen species for MBE growth. The high quality of the MBE grown GaN epilayers was evident from the intense room temperature photoluminescence (PL) dominated by a sharp band-edge peak at 3.409 eV having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 29.7 meV and the double-crystal x-ray rocking curve (0002) diffraction peak having FWHM as narrow as 156 arcsec. Vertical cross-section TEM clearly showed these MBE grown GaN epilayers to have replicated the quality of the underlying MOVPE grown GaN buffer layer on SiC. The room temperature PL spectra from Mg doped p-type films showed a dominant peak at 3.2 eV. AlxGa1−xN films were also grown on GaN/SiC substrates. Two-dimensional nucleation and growth was monitored by reflection high energy electron diffraction for GaN, AlxGa1−xN, and AlN epilayer deposition, and featured (2×2) surface reconstruction during the growth of GaN/AlN strained layer superlattices. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on vertical AlxGa1−xN/GaN double heterostructures have been demonstrated for the first time using MBE grown III–V nitrides on conducting GaN/SiC substrate materials. The typical turn-on voltage among these LEDs was 3.2 V. The forward bias voltage was 4.7 V at 20 mA. The peak wavelength of the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum was 400 nm at 77 K. These results demonstrate that MBE may be used to produce GaN, AlxGa1−xN and AlN based epitaxial structures which are comparable in crystalline quality to those grown by MOVPE.
Zinc requirements, the recommended dietary allowance and the reference dose. (1993)

1. The 1989 zinc RDA is not congruent with many of the estimates of requirements determined by factorial or metabolic methods. 2. The proposed zinc RfD was based on the finding of lower activity of E-SOD after the administration of zinc in a form that might be consumed in an unprescribed medication. This lower activity was taken as a marker of toxicity. 3. The proposed zinc RfD is incompatible with the 1989 RDA and the 1973 WHO FER or requirements published by King & Turnland (23). 4. A calculation of the RfD that accounts for bioavailability gives RfD values for OTC medications, and high and low bioavailability diets of 0.25, 0.83 and 1.66 mg.kg-1.d-1, respectively.