gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation of sulfated bile acids by human intestinal microflora. (1987)

The in vitro transformation, under anaerobic conditions, of 3- and 7-monosulfated and unsulfated bile acids, was studied in incubates of fecal flora from three healthy subjects. Chenodeoxycholic acid 7 alpha-sulfate and ursodeoxycholic acid 7 beta-sulfate were recovered unchanged, in all cultures, at the end of the incubation time. 3-Sulfated bile acids were metabolized in a different way by the three stool specimens. During the transformation of chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate, desulfation, 7-dehydroxylation and 3-epimerization were observed. In contrast, 3-epimerization was not noticed when ursodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate and lithocholic acid 3-sulfate were metabolized, the latter being principally transformed into delta 3-cholenic acid, probably by a bacterially mediated trans-elimination of sulfate group. The results obtained seem to prove that the presence of a SO3H group in 7-position usually hinders microbial transformations, which are not affected by a sulfate group in 3-position. Moreover, the 3-sulfated bile acids proved to be less sensitive to the microbial action than the corresponding unsulfated acids, with exception of lithocholic 3-sulfate.
The Purinergic G Protein-Coupled Receptor 6 Inhibits Effector T Cell Activation in Allergic Pulmonary Inflammation (2011)

We show that the P2Y(6) receptor, a purinergic G protein-coupled receptor with a high affinity for the nucleotide uridine diphosphate, is an important endogenous inhibitor of T cell function in allergic pulmonary inflammation. Mice conditionally deficient in P2Y(6) receptors [p2ry6 (flox/flox);cre/+ mice] exhibited severe airway and tissue pathology relative to P2Y(6)-sufficient [p2ry6 (flox/flox)] littermates (+/+ mice) when treated intranasally with an extract of the dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (Df). P2Y(6) receptors were inducibly expressed by lung, lymph node, and splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells of Df-treated +/+ mice. Df-restimulated P2Y(6)-deficient lymph node cells produced higher levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and polyclonally stimulated P2Y(6)-deficient CD4(+) T cells proliferated faster than comparably stimulated P2Y(6)-sufficient cells. The absence of P2Y(6) receptors on CD4(+) cells, but not APCs, was sufficient to amplify cytokine generation. Thus, P2Y(6) receptors protect the lung against exuberant allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting the activation of effector T cells.
Pasteurization of Liquid Egg Products (1947)

THIS is a fifth in a series of studies dealing with the pasteurization of liquid egg products. Previous studies have involved the effects of heat treatment on protein denaturation Payawal et al. (1946) improvement in sanitary quality and shelf life Winter et al. (1946a), Winter et al. (1947) and the destruction of Salmonella Winter et al. (1946b). The present study is concerned with the effect of pasteurization on the performance of liquid whole egg in sponge cake and custard. The results of the previous studies, already referred to, indicate that the microbiological condition of liquid whole egg can be markedly improved without grossly changing the physical character (coagulation) of the product. Whereas obvious changes in properties may not occur, it appeared desirable and necessary to make a more quantitative study of the effect of pasteurization on the functional properties of whole egg. If pasteurization is to receive wide-spread and rapid . . .
MDV glycoprotein D is expressed in the feather follicle epithelium of infected chickens. (2000)

Glycoprotein D (gD) and its homologues are essential for many alphaherpesvirus life cycles. A gene encoding a homologue of gD was recently found in the Marek's disease virus (MDV) genome. Interestingly, gD-negative MDV mutants apparently replicate unimpaired in both cell culture and chickens. In this study, we show the expression of the gD homologue of MDV in feather follicle epithelium in infected birds. The gD homologue was detected in a few feather follicles even when most of the follicles were expressing pp38 or gB, other MDV-specific proteins. These observations indicate that the MDV gD homologue is expressed in a very limited set of cells and may be differently regulated. Since feather follicle epithelium of infected birds are the only place where the infectious cell-free MDV virions can be recovered, analysis of the transcriptional regulation of gD may lead to the understanding of the cell-associated nature of MDV.
Glucose-Induced Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Secretion Is Deficient in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2014)

Glucose-induced GLP-1 secretion is deficient in patients with NAFLD and NASH. GIP secretion is contrarily preserved. Insulin resistance, with hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia, is present in all patients, and is more severe in NASH compared to NAFLD. These pathophysiologic findings endorse the current evaluation of GLP-1 agonism for the treatment of NAFLD.
Die Struktur der Phase Li<sub>7</sub>Ge<sub>2</sub> / The Structure of Li<sub>7</sub>Ge2 (1972)

In the binary system Li—Ge we have found the new compound Li 7 Ge2. It crystallizes orthorhombic, space group Cmmm—D 2h 19 , a = 9,24 ±0,02 Å b = 13,21 ± 0,02 A and c = 4,63 ± 0,01 A. Li 7 Ge 2 is not isotypic to Li 7 Si 2 , but there are many structural relations between their structures.
Linewidth narrowed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for millimeter-wave generation by optical heterodyning (1997)

Narrow beat-note linewidths as low as 190 kHz have been obtained by optically heterodyning two vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) whose linewidths are minimized by optical feedback. Narrow line operation has been achieved stably at frequencies up to a detector limited value of 25 GHz for both free space and fiber-loop arrangements.
Influence of Growth Factors on Proliferation and Morphogenesis of Rabbit Ovarian Mesothelial Cells in Vitro1 (1996)

The ovarian mesothelium (OM) is the source of one of the most frequent and lethal types of common ovarian epithelial tumors, the so-called papillary serous carcinomas. Recent work from our laboratory indicates the existence of postovulatory luteal OM mitogens with variable affinity for heparin. To further investigate the paracrine regulation of this ovarian tissue, rabbit ovarian mesothelial cells (OMC) were cultured in serum-free, fibronectin-rich HL-1 medium with or without one of the following luteal growth factors (0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml): basic (bFGF) and acidic (aFGF) fibroblastic growth factors, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factors alpha (TGF alpha) and beta (TGF beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor. After 8 days of culture, OMC growth was stimulated 3-fold by all tested doses of bFGF, EGF, and TGF alpha and 2-2.5-fold by 10 ng/ml of PDGF-BB and aFGF; it was inhibited more than 60% by TGF beta (10 ng/ml). In addition to enhancing the formation of cohesive OMC monolayers, most factors enhanced 3- to 6-fold the aggregation of OMC into papillary processes. The finding of a growth and morphogenetic response to intraluteal growth factors is novel and suggests a role for postovulatory paracrine regulation of OM pathobiology.
Markets and Firms: Notes Towards the Future of Economic Sociology (translated by Maria Dobryakova) (2009)

The paper suggests an original approach to production markets considered as social constructions. A stylized model of pure competition is criticized. Within each market each producing organization learns how to seek a distinctive niche for its output commitments and product quality among a nest of peers. Active guidance comes from watching actions of these other peers as signals of that market. They reproduce themselves as molecules built from these ﬁ rms as atoms arranged in a linear way as an array of market niches. The paper describes general setting and a signaling mechanism around which the market molecule builds up. It also presents major results for an equilibrium model and its path dependencies. Finally, the paper explores possible switches in orientation along stream of goods and its evolutions over time.
Method for rating power cables buried in surface troughs (1999)

An alternative method is detailed by which the ambient temperature parameter as applied to the calculation of ratings of cables buried in surface trough installations can be determined. Improvement in the accuracy of cable rating calculations will allow greater utilisation of the cable asset and assist for example in the planning of system outages for maintenance work. The proposed model calculates the temperature at the cable burial depth based on measurements of solar radiation, windspeed and air temperature. The model is based on physical laws rather than empirical approaches that have been shown to be generally conservative in application. Results based on weather data monitored over a two-year period show that the ambient temperature of the soil at cable depth can be accurately determined and the model provides a significant improvement on existing methods.
Influences of Fund Transfer on Financial Performance and Market Share of Commercial Banks Listed At the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya (2016)

Technology has been the key driver of change in how the banking industry operates by complementing services offered, such as check books, ATMs, voicemail/landline interfaces, smart cards, pointof-sale networks, and internet resources. Such services subsequently influence person to person (P2P) mobile money transfer (MMT), pay bill services, loan to customers and access to a wide range of banking services e.g. a/c balances, mini statements, transfer of money from one's mobile line a/c to one's own bank account. All these have the aspects of market share and financial performance of commercial banks. This study sought to determine the influences of mobile fund transfers on the financial performance and market share of commercial banks. The objectives of the study was to examine how various mobile money services transactions' impact on the performance of commercial banks; establish the effect of accessibility to mobile money services and finally determine the effect of efficiency and proficiency of mobile money services on the performance of commercial banks. The study adopted a survey study. The target population of the study was the 11 listed banks. The key study instruments used to collect primary data were questionnaires. Quantitative analysis was analyzed through descriptive statistics such as measure of central tendency that generated relevant percentages, frequency counts, mode, and median and mean where possible. To test for the strength of the model and the effects of mobile banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya, the study conducted an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). From the regression model, the study found out that there were fund transfer variables influenced positively the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study found out that the intercept was 1.076 for all years. The independent variables that were studied explain a substantial 75.1% of financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya as represented by adjusted R2 (0.751). The study therefore concludes that mobile banking fund transfer positively and significantly affects the financial performance and market share of commercial banks in Kenya. The findings revealed that many mobile banking products are being offered by banks such as Fund Transfer between Accounts/ E-funds transfer, Bill Payment, order for cheque books and bank statements and therefore concluded that the financial performance of the banks that provide these mobile banking products has improved because they ensure efficiency of the banking services. The study recommends that policy makers consider mobile banking in their formulation of policies because of the technological developments and the expected switch from physical branch networks to technologically supported banking services. The study further recommends that commercial banks keep adopting and using mobile banking in their operations because the number of people with access to a mobile hand set is increasing every day.
Utilizing Charge Effects and Minimizing Intramolecular Proton Rearrangement to Improve the Overpotential of a Thiosemicarbazonato Zinc HER Catalyst (2019)

The zinc(II) complex of diacetyl-2-(4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)-3-(2-hydrazonepyridine), ZnL<sup>1</sup> (<b>1</b>), was prepared and evaluated as a precatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under homogeneous conditions in acetonitrile. Complex <b>1</b> is protonated on the noncoordinating nitrogen of the hydrazonepyridine moiety to yield the active catalyst Zn(HL<sup>1</sup>)OAc (<b>2</b>) upon addition of acetic acid. Addition of methyl iodide to <b>1</b> yields the corresponding methylated derivative ZnL<sup>2</sup>I (<b>3</b>). In solution, partial dissociation of the coordinated iodide yields the cationic derivative <b>3'</b>. Complexes <b>1</b>-<b>3</b> were characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, FT-IR, and UV-visible spectroscopies. The solid-state structures of <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. HER studies conducted in acetonitrile with acetic acid as the proton source yield a turnover frequency (TOF) of 7700 s<sup>-1</sup> for solutions of <b>1</b> at an overpotential of 1.27 V and a TOF of 6700 s<sup>-1</sup> for solutions of <b>3</b> at an overpotential of 0.56 V. For both complexes, the required potential for catalysis, <i>E</i><sub>cat/2</sub>, is larger than the thermodynamic reduction potential, <i>E</i><sub>1/2</sub>, indicative of a kinetic barrier attributed to intramolecular proton rearrangement. The effect is larger for solutions of <b>1</b> (+440 mV) than for solutions of <b>3</b> (+160 mV). Controlled potential coulometry studies were used to determine faradaic efficiencies of 71 and 89% for solutions of <b>1</b> and <b>3</b>, respectively. For both catalysts, extensive cycling of potential under catalytic conditions results in the deposition of a film on the glassy carbon electrode surface that is active as an HER catalyst. Analysis of the film of <b>3</b> by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the complex remains intact upon deposition. A proposed ligand-centered HER mechanism with <b>1</b> as a precatalyst to <b>2</b> is supported computationally using density functional theory (DFT). All catalytic intermediates in the mechanism were structurally and energetically characterized with the DFT/B3LYP/6-311g(d,p) in solution phase using a polarizable continuum model (PCM). The thermodynamic feasibility of the mechanism is supported by calculation of equilibrium constants or reduction potentials for each proposed step.
Esophagitis and Gastroduodenal Disorders Associated With Diabetic Gastroparesis (1987)

The prevalence of associated gastrointestinal disorders with diabetic gastroparesis was studied retrospectively by reviewing all data on patients with diabetic gastroparesis who were admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, over a four-year period. Twenty diabetic patients with intractable nausea and vomiting, thought to be secondary to diabetic gastroparesis, underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy after failure to respond to conventional therapy for gastroparesis within several days. Nine (45%) patients had normal upper endoscopic examination results. Eleven (55%) patients were discovered to have other gastrointestinal tract disorders that could explain their persistent symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Specifically, three patients had Candida esophagitis, four had erosive esophagitis, two had gastric ulcers, one had duodenal erosions, and one had bile reflux gastritis. These 11 patients improved when therapy was altered to treat their additional disorder. Management of diabetic gastroparesis is discussed with emphasis on early upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy for patients who fail to respond to therapy initially.
Cinacalcet (KRN1493) effectively decreases the serum intact PTH level with favourable control of the serum phosphorus and calcium levels in Japanese dialysis patients (2007)

These results suggest that lower dose levels of cinacalcet, as compared to those in US/EU studies, may be sufficient effectively suppress the serum iPTH levels and allow favourable management of the serum calcium and phosphorus levels in Japanese patients, having a longer average dialysis vintage.
Lunar Mining and Processing for In Situ Resource Utilization (2018)

One of the NASA’s long-term goals is to extend and sustain human activities in space; an important part of this goal is to develop technologies to sustain human presence in space and provide enough time for performing mission activities, while reducing dependence on the earth. This is expected to be achieved primarily through in situ resource utilization (ISRU), using the locally available resources, to reduce the need for bringing materials from the Earth, thereby reducing the launch weight of the mission. A variety of challenges are seen for ISRU to be successfully implemented. These mainly center on the differences between Earth and Lunar environments. For instance, key challenges in mining lunar rocks include low gravity, solar radiation, solar flares, micro-meteorites, and extreme temperature changes and their effects on mining processes; and for processing of lunar minerals include the shape of particles and its effect on the transport, wear, and separation of particle types. This creates design opportunities that are difficult to understand and test on Earth. This paper discusses the possible concepts of mining (using shape memory alloys), mineral processing (electrostatic and magnetic separation), and materials manufacturing (laser, electron beam, and friction based advanced manufacturing) by utilizing the in situ materials available on site on the lunar surface.
An Assessment of Solar–Thermal Collector Designs for Small-Scale Combined Heating and Power Applications in the United Kingdom (2014)

This paper focuses on suitable solar–thermal collectors for use in a combined heat and power system targeted at the UK market, based on an organic Rankine cycle. Concentrating and non-concentrating collector products are compared by way of annual energy and exergy analyses using London climate data. It is found that non-concentrating collectors show a wide range of annual power outputs, up to a highest of 67 kWh m−2 yr−1 attained by the best collector (or an average power of 115 W for a 15-m2 rooftop array, representing 30% of the electrical demand in a typical UK household). The maximum exergy delivered from a parabolic trough collector is 70 kWh m−2 yr−1. The choice of mains (municipal) water or air as the cooling medium makes only a small difference to the annual power output. Importantly, the optimal flow rates for the evacuated tube collectors are far lower than those recommended by the manufacturers, indicating that their application to power generation represents a significant departure from their design and intended mode of operation. New and improved designs would be a key development in this area. The importance of using high-resolution, non-aggregated climate data for predicting total annual work output is also demonstrated.
Generative Adversarial Network based Speaker Adaptation for High Fidelity WaveNet Vocoder (2019)

Although state-of-the-art parallel WaveNet has addressed the issue of real-time waveform generation, there remains problems. Firstly, due to the noisy input signal of the model, there is still a gap between the quality of generated and natural waveforms. Secondly, a parallel WaveNet is trained under a distillation framework, which makes it tedious to adapt a well trained model to a new speaker. To address these two problems, in this paper we propose an end-to-end adaptation method based on the generative adversarial network (GAN), which can reduce the computational cost for the training of new speaker adaptation. Our subjective experiments shows that the proposed training method can further reduce the quality gap between generated and natural waveforms.
An Experimental System for the Molecular Analysis of the Aging Process: The Budding Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (1990)

Journal Article An Experimental System for the Molecular Analysis of the Aging Process: The Budding Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Get access S. Michal Jazwinski S. Michal Jazwinski Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical CenterNew Orleans Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Gerontology, Volume 45, Issue 3, May 1990, Pages B68–B74, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/45.3.B68 Published: 01 May 1990 Article history Received: 08 November 1989 Accepted: 29 January 1990 Published: 01 May 1990
High Affinity Conformationally Constrained Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ(1−13) Amide Analogues (2008)

A series of cyclic analogues with a lactam linkage were prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis to explore possible biologically active conformation(s) of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ). cyclo[D-Asp(7),Lys(10)]- and cyclo[Asp (6),Lys(10)]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 exhibit high affinity (Ki = 0.27 and 0.34 nM, respectively) and high potency in the GTPgammaS assay (EC 50 = 1.6 and 4.1 nM, respectively) at human nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptors. These analogues exhibit 2- to 3-fold higher affinity and 2- to 5-fold higher potency than the parent peptide.
Framework and Requirements for GMPLS-based Control of Flexible Ethernet Network (2016)

This memo provides some background information of Flexible Ethernet
(FlexE), and explain some terminologies and use cases, further derives
the requirements to the GMPLS based control plane.
Control of Refining Processes on Mid-Distillates by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (1999)

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the accuracy of physicochemical determinations based on equations calculated by multivariate analysis of near infrared spectra which gives access to simultaneous analyses both on-line and off-line. Detailed results concerning the determination of the refractive index at 20°C, the density, the weight% of hydrogen, the % of aromatic carbon, the weight% of mono-, di- and total aromatics and the cetane number on mid-distillates are given in a shorter time than using the conventional approach by standardized methods. It is shown that near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics should allow detailed and precise comparisons of the hydrotreatment process efficiencies.
Delay-constrained scheduling for providing guaranteed QoS in a virtual machine environment (2015)

Scheduling in a virtual machine environment is pivotal because of its significant effect on the responsibility of Virtual Machines (VMs). Scheduling of Virtual CPU uses the BOOST mechanism and drives priority inversion and interference to the delay-sensitive VM. To tackle these issues, various techniques and methodologies have been proposed. However, these techniques can excessively delay VMs because they only focus on preferentially processing the high-priority VM. This in turn can violate the Quality of Service (QoS) of a virtual machine with relatively low priority despite the small gap. Therefore, it is imperative to apply a delay bound mechanism. In this paper, we propose a delay-constrained scheduling algorithm to guarantee the QoS of virtual machines running in a real-time virtual machine environment by applying maximum delay. We also define those factors of the proposed algorithm that will affect the system's performance. The proposed algorithm can simultaneously ensure fast response time for high-priority tasks and improve the QoS of a low-priority virtual machine, with minimum overhead.
A dimeric hydrolyzable tannin,sanguiin H-6 from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (1982)

A new hydrolyzable tannin, sanguiin H-6, has been isolated from the underground parts of Sanguisorba officinalis L. (rosaceae), and on the basis of spectroscopic data and partial hydrolysis study has been shown to have a novel dimeric structure containing sanguiin H-2 and pedunculagin moieties.