gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Changes in K+ transport in the liver mitochondria of gophers in hibernation]. (1984)

Liver mitochondria of awake and hibernating squirrels maintain the same amount of K+ due to a decrease of K+-permeability during hibernation. The rates of DNP-stimulated K+-efflux and respiration-dependent K+-influx in mitochondria are diminished during hibernation. A two-fold increasing of K+-content and activation of K+-transport are observed at the arousing. Variations of K+-transport in mitochondria correspond to the changes in the channel-formed activity of K+-transporting protein isolated from the liver of this animals. This activity is maximal during arousal and is least during hibernation.
Automation of Formation Flight Control (1994)

The research contained in this thesis explores the concepts of Automated Formation Flight Control documented in three previous AFIT theses. The generic formation analyzed consists of a Leader and Wingman, with the Wingman referencing its maneuvers off of Leader maneuvers. Specifically, planar formation flight control concerning only heading and velocity changes is considered. Next, the vertical separation constraint is relaxed to allow wing maneuvers outside of the flight plane of the lead in order to minimize the energy expended by the wing in a maneuver. Analysis of the two forms of formation flight control investigated in this thesis reveals the close relationship between formation geometry, aircraft time constants, controller gains, formation performance, and control system stability. Integral control action is determined to be necessary for formation flight control. Nonlinear simulations are accomplished on a digital computer to validate the analysis of the automated formation flight control system. Comparisons are made between the two forms of formation flight control considered, and a third, energy conserving maneuvers, in order to determine which is best for each phase of flight.
Interaction Between an Anionic and an Amphoteric Surfactant. Part I: Monomer–Micelle Equilibrium (2008)

Abstract A mixture of anionic and amphoteric surfactants is composed of three components at intermediate pH levels: anionic, cationic (protonated amphoteric), and zwitterionic (unprotonated amphoteric). Knowledge of the composition of each surfactant in both monomer and micellar forms (monomer–micelle equilibrium) is important in applications using this mixture. Hydrogen ion titration of the mixed surfactant solution as a function of surfactant composition is combined with the pseudophase separation model and regular solution theory for the three‐surfactant mixture to calculate the concentration of each surfactant in monomer and in micelle forms at different pH levels. The specific systems studied here contain sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dimethyldodecylamine oxide (DDAO), which are used in a wide range of consumer products. The degree of protonation of monomeric DDAO is not affected by the presence of SDS, indicating an insignificant formation of ion pairs between these monomers. However, the presence of SDS in micelles shifts the micellar p K a of DDAO protonation significantly and the method used here allows the quantification of partial fugacities of each individual surfactant in micelle form. The composition in the monomer phase at each pH will aid in understanding and predicting solution compositions corresponding to anionic/amphoteric surfactant precipitation boundaries, which is the focus of the subsequent paper in this series.
The Metabolism of Vanillin and Isovanillin in the Rat (1975)

1. The metabolism of vanillin, isovanillin and the corresponding alcohols and acids in rats was investigated using t.l.c., g.l.c. and combined g.l.c.-mass spectrometry. 2. Oral dosage (100 mg/kg) of the aldehyde resulted in urinary excretion of most metabolites within 24 h, mainly as glucuronide and/or sulphate conjugates although the acids formed were also excreted free and as their glycine conjugates. In 48 h 94% of the dose of vanillin was accounted for as follows (%) : vanillin (7), vanillyl alcohol (19), vanillic acid (47), vanilloylglycine (10), catechol (8), 4-methylcatechol (2), guaiacol (0-5) and 4-methylguaiacol (0-6). Similarly, 89% of the dose of isovanillin was accounted for as follows: isovanillin (19), isovanillyl alcohol (10), isovanillic acid (22), vanillic acid (11), isovanilloylglycine (19), catechol(7) and 4-methylcatechol (1). Protocatechuic acid was also formed from both aldehydes. 3. By means of (a) investigation of biliary metabolites, (b) prevention of biliary excretion, (c) suppression of intestinal bacteria with neomycin sulphate and (d) inhibition of intestinal beta-glucuronidase with saccharo-1,4-lactone, it was found that glucuronides of the aldehydes and their respective alcohol and acid derivatives are excreted in the bile and that the conjugates are metabolized by the intestinal bacteria to toluene derivatives and decarboxylated products.
The α4 Isoform of the Na,K-ATPase Is Expressed in the Germ Cells of the Testes (2000)

In addition to the three isoforms of the catalytic subunit of the Na, K-ATPase originally identified (alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3), a fourth alpha polypeptide (alpha4) has recently been found in mammalian cells. This novel alpha-subunit of the Na,K-ATPase is selectively expressed in male gonadal tissues. In the testes, alpha4 is functionally active and comprises approximately half of the Na, K-ATPase activity of the organ. At present, the pattern of expression of the alpha4 polypeptide within the cells of the male gonad is unknown. By in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry, and the ouabain inhibition profile of Na,K-ATPase activity, we show that the alpha4-subunit is expressed in the germ cells of rat testes. The highest amounts of the isoform are found in spermatozoa, where it constitutes two thirds of the Na,K-ATPase activity of the gametes. The other Na pump present in the cells is the ubiquitously expressed alpha1 polypeptide. The characteristic localization of alpha4 in the gonad is further supported by the drastic reduction of the polypeptide in mice that are infertile as a consequence of arrest in maturation of the germ cells. In addition, GC-1spg cells, a murine cell line derived from testis spermatogonia, also contain the Na, K-ATPase alpha4 polypeptide. However, the level of expression of the isoform in these cells is much lower than in the spermatozoa, a fact that may depend on the limited ability of the GC-1spg cells to differentiate in vitro. The particular expression of the Na,K-ATPase alpha4 isoform we encounter and the specific enzymatic properties of the polypeptide suggests its importance for ionic homeostasis of the germ cells of the testes.
Pseudostatic Approach for Seismic Analysis of Single Piles (2001)

This paper evaluates a simple approximate methodology for estimating the maximum internal forces of piles subjected to lateral seismic excitation. The method involves two main steps: computation of the free-field soil movements caused by the earthquake and the analysis of the response of the pile to the maximum free-field soil movements (considered as static movements) plus a static loading at the pile head, which depends on the computed spectral acceleration of the structure being supported. The applicability of this approach has been verified by an independent benchmark analysis developed by the writers. It is demonstrated that the proposed method yields reasonable estimates of the pile maximum moment and shear. The methodology is then used to obtain the response of the Ohba-Ohashi bridge in Japan to one of the earthquakes that occurred in the 1980s. Good agreement is found between the computed and measured pile moments.
Mucilage of<i>Opuntia ficus‐indica</i>for Use as a Flocculant of Suspended Particulates and Arsenic (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Equipment, Materials, and Methods Results and Analysis Conclusions References
Strong Enhancement of the Radiative Decay Rate of Emitters by Single Plasmonic Nanoantennas (2007)

We demonstrate a strong, 5-fold enhancement of the radiative decay rate from highly efficient fluorescent dye molecules around resonant optical nanoantennas. The plasmonic modes of individual gold dimer antennas are tuned by the particle length and the antenna gap, providing control over both the spectral resonance position and the near-field mode profile of the nanoantenna. Resonant enhancement of the radiative and nonradiative decay rates of a fluorescent dye is observed, resulting in an increase of the internal quantum efficiency from 40% up to 53% for single antennas, and up to 59% for antenna clusters. This improvement of the already high quantum efficiency of the dye molecules is in agreement with electrodynamic model calculations that predict a maximum attainable efficiency around 80% due to nonradiative losses in the metal.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION IN THE SERIES OF SYDNONIMINE N‐EXO‐CARBAMOYL DERIVATIVES (1975)

Abstract Während die Bromierung der Carbamoylsydnonimine (I) und (V) in Essigsäure oder Äther im heterocyclischen Ring und danach im Phenylrest des Carbamoylsubstituenten erfolgt und die Verbindungen (II) bis (IV) und (VI) erhalten werden, bilden sich bei der Nitrierung von (I) und (V) nur phenylsubstituierte Derivate.
Photo‐oxidative damage in the ripening tomato fruit: Protective role of superoxide dismutase (1982)

Factors relating to photo‐oxidative damage in tomatoes were investigated during maturation of the fruit and upon induction of sunscald. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity passed through a minimum at the mature‐green and breaker stages of ripening and availability of zinc and copper did not appear to be a limiting factor in the synthesis of the enzyme. Iron levels were maximal and total carotenoid concentrations were lowest during the same mature‐green and breaker stages of maturation, while chlorophyll was starting to decrease but was still present in large amounts. Peroxidase activity decreased steadily during ripening. Artificial induction of tolerance to photodynamic damage by controlled heat treatment was accompanied by an increase in SOD activity, while carotenoid levels and peroxidase activity did not change. These findings support the thesis that the previously reported susceptibility of tomatoes to photodynamic damage, i.e. sunscald, during the mature‐green and breaker stages of maturation is related to enhanced formation of superoxide ions, at a time when chloroplast structure begins to break down. SOD, by scavenging the superoxide, appears to supplement the protective action of carotenoids against photo‐oxidative injury.
Modeling and querying data in NoSQL databases (2013)

Relational databases are providing storage for several decades now. However for today's interactive web and mobile applications the importance of flexibility and scalability in data model can not be over-stated. The term NoSQL broadly covers all non-relational databases that provide schema-less and scalable model. NoSQL databases which are also termed as Internetage databases are currently being used by Google, Amazon, Facebook and many other major organizations operating in the era of Web 2.0. Different classes of NoSQL databases namely key-value pair, document, column-oriented and graph databases enable programmers to model the data closer to the format as used in their application. In this paper, data modeling and query syntax of relational and some classes of NoSQL databases have been explained with the help of an case study of a news website like Slashdot.
A New Crucial Protein Interaction Element That Targets the Adenovirus E4-ORF1 Oncoprotein to Membrane Vesicles (2007)

Human adenovirus type 9 exclusively elicits mammary tumors in experimental animals, and the primary oncogenic determinant of this virus is the E4-ORF1 oncogene, as opposed to the well-known E1A and E1B oncogenes. The tumorigenic potential of E4-ORF1, as well as its ability to oncogenically stimulate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), depends on a carboxyl-terminal PDZ domain-binding motif (PBM) that mediates interactions with several different membrane-associated cellular PDZ proteins, including MUPP1, PATJ, MAGI-1, ZO-2, and Dlg1. Nevertheless, because certain E4-ORF1 mutations that alter neither the sequence nor the function of the PBM abolish E4-ORF1-induced PI3K activation and cellular transformation, we reasoned that E4-ORF1 must possess an additional crucial protein element. In the present study, we identified seven E4-ORF1 amino acid residues that define this new element, designated domain 2, and showed that it mediates binding to a 70-kDa cellular phosphoprotein. We also discovered that domain 2 or the PBM independently promotes E4-ORF1 localization to cytoplasmic membrane vesicles and that this activity of domain 2 depends on E4-ORF1 trimerization. Consistent with the latter observation, molecular-modeling analyses predicted that E4-ORF1 trimerization brings together six out of seven domain 2 residues at each of the three subunit interfaces. These findings importantly demonstrate that PI3K activation and cellular transformation induced by E4-ORF1 require two separate protein interaction elements, domain 2 and the PBM, each of which targets E4-ORF1 to vesicle membranes in cells.
Novel Surface Modification Technique to Improve Electrochemical Performance of LiCoO[sub 2] at High Voltage (2005)

Surface modified and doped was synthesized by co-precipitation method. The obtained cathode materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and charge-discharge test. Electron probe microanalysis revealed that coating had been successfully conducted through co-precipitation process. The surface modified with 4% of other elements showed small irreversible capacity of 4.8% and delivered at first cycle as well as high capacity retentions ratio of 92% after between 2.8 and . When the cathode cycled up to , it delivered as initial discharge capacity and exhibited 91% of retained capacity after .
Gene Controlling <scp>l</scp> -Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Synthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (1970)

Genetically related Escherichia coli K-12 strains were found to differ widely in their l-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity. This variation is due to differences in the amount of GAD produced by the different cultures, rather than to the appearance of altered enzymes differing in catalytic activity. A regulatory gene, gadR, which controls the amount of GAD was mapped on the E. coli K-12 chromosome. A strain with a lesion in the structural gene for GAD is described.
The Effect of Narrowband UV-B Treatment for Psoriasis on Vitamin D Status During Wintertime in Ireland (2010)

Narrowband UV-B effectively increases serum 25(OH)D level while clearing psoriasis. Up to 75% of Irish patients with psoriasis were shown to be vitamin D insufficient during wintertime.
Revised British Isles Lupus Assessment Group 2004 index: A reliable tool for assessment of systemic lupus erythematosus activity (2006)

The BILAG-2004 index is a reliable tool to assess SLE activity. The use of a well-defined glossary and training of raters are essential to ensure the optimal performance of the index.
Comparison of Quantification of Histochemical Staining By Hue-Saturation-Intensity (HSI) Transformation and Color-Deconvolution (2003)

We tested a recently developed flexible method of separation and quantification of immunohistochemical staining by means of color image analysis. An algorithm was recently developed to deconvolve the color information acquired with RGB cameras, to calculate the contribution of each of the applied stains, based on the stain-specific RGB absorption. The algorithm was tested using a set of lung-tumor samples labeled for the detection of Ki-67, an antigen expressed in proliferating cells, covering a wide range of staining levels. Quantification of the labeling was compared with HSI-based segmentation and manual analysis of the same samples. The recently developed deconvolution method performed significantly better than the HSI based system when compared to manual counting as gold standard. The deconvolution system showed significantly reduced variability in the LI determination, especially of highly labeled control samples. This resulted in significant increase in sensitivity of classification of samples with increased KI-67 labeling without changing the specificity, when compared to the HSI based method.
Theory of solutions in the energy representation. III. Treatment of the molecular flexibility (2003)

The method of energy representation for evaluating the solvation free energy is extended to a solute molecule with structural flexibility. When the intramolecular structure of the solute molecule exhibits a strong response to the solute–solvent interaction, the approximate functional for the solvation free energy needs to be modified from the original form presented previously [J. Chem. Phys. 117, 3605 (2002); 118, 2446 (2003)]. In the modification of the functional, the solvation-induced change in the distribution function of the solute structure is taken into account with respect to the intramolecular energy of the solute. It is then demonstrated over a wide range of thermodynamic conditions that the modified form of functional provides an accurate and efficient route to the solvation free energy of a flexible solute molecule even when the structural distribution function of the solute in solution overlaps barely with that of the solute at isolation.
The safety and tolerability of botulinum toxins for the treatment of cervical dystonia (2005)

The use of botulinum toxin to treat cervical dystonia (CD) has dramatically improved the quality of life of patients with this disabling, often painful disease. Two forms of type A toxin (BOTOX and Dysport) and one form of type B toxin (MyoBloc) are available in some parts of the world to treat patients with CD. The literature supports the efficacy of each in reducing the pain and movement of cervical dystonia. The dosing and side effects vary between the toxins. The potential availability of several forms of toxin will allow physicians to offer further treatment options to patients with CD. However, it is incumbent on the treating physicians to have a working knowledge of the different serotypes, different doses used of each formulation of each serotype, the side effect profile of each product and the potential for anti-body formation for each form of toxin.
Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis: a clinician's reference to patient management. (2008)

Bisphosphonates (BPs), as inhibitors of osteoclasts, are widely used in the management of metastatic bone disease and in the prevention of osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Recent cases of bone necrosis of the jaws have been associated with the use of bisphosphonate therapy. A case is presented of a patient with osteonecrosis of the maxilla with a history of long-term bisphosphonate therapy for metastatic breast cancer. The authors treated the patient and suggest appropriate patient management guidelines with reference to current knowledge. Although a definitive treatment for bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis has not yet been established, clinicians must be aware of the pharmacologic properties of several bisphosphonates currently available and their indications, susceptible risk factors in the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws, the clinical signs and symptoms, and recommendations for patient management, including prevention and early recognition. BPs, potent inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, were first introduced more than 20 years ago. Since then, they have been used widely in the management of bone diseases, including hypercalcemia related to malignancy, myeloma-related bone disease, Paget's disease and osteoporosis. They have also been shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and inhibit angiogenesis. These additional features have made BPs useful in the treatment of metastatic disease, including breast and prostate cancer, resulting in a rise in the medical use of these drugs. However, recent reports suggest that BPs, particularly the nitrogen-containing BPs pamidronate (Aredia) and zoledronic acid (Zometa), both manufactured by Novartis of East Hanover, NJ, are capable of causing bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BON). With 2.5 million patients treated with pamidronate and/or zoledronate worldwide, BON occurs in about one per 10,000 treated patients (Novartis, unpublished data, 2004). Currently, the total number of reported cases associated with alendronate (Fosamax, Merck and Co. Inc., White-house Station, NJ) the most commonly prescribed oral bisphosphonate, is approximately 170 worldwide (C. Arsver, oral communication, March 2006). This corresponds to a spontaneous BON incidence of approximately 0.7 cases per 100,000-years exposure. However, there is insufficient data to determine why the osteonecrosis reported seems to particularly affect the jaw, with a slightly higher rate in the mandible than the maxilla. This report concerns the management of a patient with BON. Information provided includes: the pharmacologic properties of the several bisphosphonates currently available; the pathobiological mechanism; the clinical presentation of the oral lesions; and recommendations for the oral management of patients who have received BP therapy, with consideration of a preventative approach based on current knowledge.
Effects of calcium antagonists on .ALPHA.-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstrictions of the canine intermediate auricular artery. (1987)

The effects of calcium antagonists, diltiazem (DI) and verapamil (VE), on alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile responses of the isolated and perfused canine intermediate auricular artery were examined by use of the stainless steel cannula inserting method. KCI (3 mg)-induced contractile responses were dose-dependently inhibited by DI and VE. Norepinephrine (0.1 microgram)-induced vasoconstrictions were also dose-dependently inhibited by both DI and VE. DI and VE shifted dose-response curves for phenylephrine and clonidine to the right with suppression of maximal responses. At large doses, DI and VE suppressed clonidine-induced contractions more than phenylephrine-induced ones, but not significantly. It is concluded that not only alpha 1- but also alpha 2-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstrictions of the canine intermediate auricular artery are dependent on the influx of extracellular calcium ions, the present results may provide in vitro proof for the effectiveness of calcium antagonists on skin circulatory disturbances such as Raynaud's phenomenon and the isolated and perfused canine intermediate auricular artery would be a good in vitro model for investigating responsiveness of the skin supplying artery.
SERVING CURRENT AND EMERGING BUSINESS STRATEGIES: SUSTA (SOUTHERN UNITED STATES TRADE ASSOCIATION) (1997)

Mission Statement: The SUSTA mission is to increase the export of Southern U. S. food and agricultural products in order to enhance the economic well-being of the region.
ChemInform Abstract: INVESTIGATION OF THE MODEL ENZYME OXIDATION OF PHENOL BY PERACETIC ACID (1974)

Abstract Die Oxidation von Phenol mit Peressigsäure ergibt Hexadien‐(2,4)‐disäure und Phenochinon, einen 1:2‐Komplex aus.