gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane in the study of tumor angiogenesis. (2008)

The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is commonly used as an experimental in vivo assay to study both angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis in response to tissues, cells or soluble factors. This article summarizes literature data about the use of the CAM in the study of tumor angiogenesis and particularly our experimental data concerning the study of angiogenesis in multiple myeloma and in neuroblastoma.
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome: a p53 Family Affair (2005)

The p53 alterations frequently found in human tumors are missense mutations in the DNA binding domain. These p53 mutations have been shown to have gain-of-function or dominant-negative properties in multiple experiments. The consequences of these p53 mutations at physiological levels on the development of a tumor were unclear. Using mouse models, three recent papers have shed light on the mechanisms of mutant p53 and its family members, p63 and p73, in tumorigenesis. Interestingly, the p53 point mutant mice had a similar phenotype to p53 family compound mutant mice suggesting that there is an interplay between the p53 family members in tumorigenesis and Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
Relationships Between Airflow Obstruction and Quantitative CT Measurements of Emphysema, Air Trapping, and Airways in Subjects With and Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2013)

QCT measurements are strongly associated with spirometric results showing impairment in smokers. LAA-856E strongly correlates with physiologic measurements of airway obstruction. Airway measurements can be used concurrently with QCT measures of low-attenuation areas to accurately predict lung function.
Surface science aspects on inorganic biomaterials (1986)

The chemical interaction between a foreign inorganic material, such as an implant, and living tissue takes place at an interface whose width initially is only about 1 nm. The processes at the interface, such as corrosion, ion diffusion, denaturing of proteins, etc., will eventually widen the interface until, at best, a dynamic quasiequilibrium is established. Since the chemical role of the implant in its interaction with the host tissue is almost exclusively determined by its outermost atomic layers, the characterization of implants on this length scale is necessary for understanding and controlling implant-tissue interactions. In this review, it is shown that modern surface science offers a variety of surface characterization spectroscopies, surface preparation methods, and theoretical concepts that can be directly applied in studies of biocompatible materials and biocompatibility, with particular reference to metallic materials. The general properties of metal surfaces, of oxides on metals, and bonding of molecules to such surfaces are reviewed, as well as the most important chemical and transport processes at solid-liquid interfaces. Several examples are given of how the experimental methods described in the article can be used for a thorough characterization and controlled preparation of titanium (Ti) surfaces. 92 references.
ASSESSMENT OF LOW COST NOVEL SORBENTS FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT MERCURY CONTROL (2003)

This is a Technical Report under a program funded by the Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to obtain the necessary information to assess the viability of lower cost alternatives to commercially available activated carbon for mercury control in coal-fired utilities. During this reporting period, ongoing tests and analysis on samples from Powerton and Valley to yield waste characterization results for the COHPAC long-term tests were conducted. A draft final report for the sorbent evaluations at Powerton was submitted. Sorbent evaluations at Valley Power Plant were completed on April 24, 2003. Data analysis and reporting for the Valley evaluations are continuing. A statement of work for sorbent evaluations at We Energies' Pleasant Prairie Power Plant was submitted and approved. Work will begin late August 2003. A no cost time extension was granted by DOE/NETL.
Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on cyanogen bromide cleavage of proteins. (1975)

1. On the cyanogen bromide cleavage of urease in 70% formic acid, addition of 2-mercaptoethanol led to the increase of the cleavage.2. Dithiothreitol and thiodiglycol were not effective for it.3. The cleavage ratio was estimated by gel filtration, N-terminal determina tion and the yield of cleaved peptides.4. A similar effect was observed on phosphorylase b as urease.
Growth inhibition by phospholipase C inhibitor peptides of colorectal carcinoma cells derived from familial adenomatous polyposis. (1996)

We reported previously the enhanced phosphoinositide metabolism and constitutive activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) in two colorectal carcinoma cell lines, KMS-4 and KMS-8, derived from familial adenomatous polyposis patients. To study the physiological role of enhanced PLC activity in these cells, we analyzed the effect of PLC inhibitor (PCI) peptides on their growth and cell cycle. N-Myristoylated PCI peptide, myr-PCI(Y), originally developed based on the PCI sequence of PLC-gamma 2, inhibited activity of purified PLC isoforms in vitro. When myr-PCI(Y) was added to KMS-4 and KMS-8 cultures, it suppressed the production of inositol trisphosphate, DNA synthesis, and cell growth, all of which were induced by serum in both KMS-4 and KMS-8 cells. The number of colonies grown in soft agar was also reduced significantly by treating KMS-8 cells with myr-PCI(Y) peptide. Flow cytometry analysis with propidium iodide labeling revealed marked decreases in the percentage of KMS-8 cells in S phase and increases in G0-G1 by the addition of myr-PCI(Y). On the other hand, myr-PCI(F), in which two of the tyrosine residues in myr-PCI(Y) are replaced by phenylalanine and which does not inhibit phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-hydrolyzing activity in vitro, did not significantly inhibit either inositol trisphosphate production or cell growth. These results indicate that the activation of PLC is essential for growth and the transformed properties of these colorectal carcinoma cells.
Flocculation morphology: effect of particulate shape and coagulant species on flocculation (2006)

Flocculation morphology is a new concept that investigates the morphological characteristics of colloidal particles and coagulants in water during the flocculation process, and the influence that these characteristics have on flocculation process efficiency. This paper is a summary of advances in research on this topic over several years. Morphological characteristics of colloids in natural waters and different kinds of hydrolysed coagulants are investigated, and their effect on colloid stability, flocculation kinetics and efficiency is analysed. It is confirmed that the traditional theory has some deviations in coagulation of nonspherical particles, and these deviations are revised by the flocculation morphology model. Flocculation morphology can not only promote research about flocculation theory, but also instruct the production, application and flocculation control. It can be foreseen that more progress will be made in research and application of flocculation morphology in the near future.
Bugdel: an aspect-oriented debugging system (2005)

This paper presents our aspect-oriented system specialized/or debugging named Bugdel. Bugdel is a plug-in module for Eclipse, which is an integrated development environment. Unlike other general-purpose aspect-oriented systems, Bugdel allows user to specify aspects using a graphical user interface. Furthermore, Bugdel provides new functions that AspectJ or others do not provide, since they break the modularity of classes. This paper discusses limitations of related general-purpose aspect-oriented systems, such as AspectJ, and shows the solutions that we have implemented in Bugdel.
Modular verification of concurrent assembly code with dynamic thread creation and termination (2005)

Proof-carrying code (PCC) is a general framework that can, in principle, verify safety properties of arbitrary machine-language programs. Existing PCC systems and typed assembly languages, however, can only handle sequential programs. This severely limits their applicability since many real-world systems use some form of concurrency in their core software. Recently Yu and Shao proposed a logic-based "type" system for verifying concurrent assembly programs. Their thread model, however, is rather restrictive in that no threads can be created or terminated dynamically and no sharing of code is allowed between threads. In this paper, we present a new formal framework for verifying general multi-threaded assembly code with unbounded dynamic thread creation and termination as well as sharing of code between threads. We adapt and generalize the rely-guarantee methodology to the assembly level and show how to specify the semantics of thread "fork" with argument passing. In particular, we allow threads to have different assumptions and guarantees at different stages of their lifetime so they can coexist with the dynamically changing thread environment. Our work provides a foundation for certifying realistic multi-threaded programs and makes an important advance toward generating proof-carrying concurrent code.
Ordered Macroporous Particles by Colloidal Templating (2001)

Ordered macroporous particles of silica and titania were fabricated by colloidal templating. The colloidal templates were assembled through colloidal crystallization of suspended polystyrene latex sphere particles in aqueous droplets straddling an air−oil interface. The procedures involve first preparing spherical colloidal crystalline particles of polystyrene latex spheres and then infusing them with metal precursor solutions that form silica or titania in the interstices. Finally, calcination decomposes the polystyrene latex spheres, leaving macropores at their sites. The shape of the template was controlled by the presence of additive surfactant or by the action of an applied electric field. Specifically, spherical, concaved disklike, and ellipsoidal colloidal crystals were prepared successfully and used as templates for the fabrication of ordered macroporous particles. The SEM images of the prepared macroporous particles showed that the pores were interconnected and ordered into a hexagonal arrangement.
HaploMerger: Reconstructing allelic relationships for polymorphic diploid genome assemblies (2012)

Whole-genome shotgun assembly has been a long-standing issue for highly polymorphic genomes, and the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has made the issue more challenging than ever. Here we present an automated pipeline, HaploMerger, for reconstructing allelic relationships in a diploid assembly. HaploMerger combines a LASTZ-ChainNet alignment approach with a novel graph-based structure, which helps to untangle allelic relationships between two haplotypes and guides the subsequent creation of reference haploid assemblies. The pipeline provides flexible parameters and schemes to improve the contiguity, continuity, and completeness of the reference assemblies. We show that HaploMerger produces efficient and accurate results in simulations and has advantages over manual curation when applied to real polymorphic assemblies (e.g., 4%-5% heterozygosity). We also used HaploMerger to analyze the diploid assembly of a single Chinese amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri) and compared the resulting haploid assemblies with EST sequences, which revealed that the two haplotypes are not only divergent but also highly complementary to each other. Taken together, we have demonstrated that HaploMerger is an effective tool for analyzing and exploiting polymorphic genome assemblies.
Routing around decoys (2012)

Decoy Routing is a new approach to Internet censorship circumvention that was recently and independently proposed at FOCI'11, USENIX Security'11 and CCS'11. Decoy routing aims to hamper nation-state level Internet censorship by having routers, rather than end hosts, relay traffic to blocked destinations. We analyze the security of these schemes against a routing capable adversary, a censoring authority that is willing to make routing decisions in response to decoy routing systems.
Optimization of a Single Lithium-Ion Battery Cell with a Gradient-Based Algorithm (2013)

This paper presents a numerical framework for automating the design of lithium-ion cells to maximize cell energy density while meeting specific power density requirements. The various processes in a battery cell are simulated using a physics-based electrochemistry model. The design is automatically performed by coupling the battery model with a gradient-based optimization algorithm. We demonstrate the potential for gradient-based optimization by applying this framework to optimize the design of a lithium-ion cell with spinel manganese dioxide cathode and meso-carbon micro beads (MCMB) anode for a range of power requirements. Results indicate that variations in the electrode thickness and porosity at optimal cell designs can be quantified via active mass ratios and it is found that the active mass ratios for optimal cell designs are independent of discharge rate. (C) 2013 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Repetitive Bilateral Arm Training and Motor Cortex Activation in Chronic Stroke (2004)

These preliminary findings suggest that BATRAC induces reorganization in contralesional motor networks and provide biological plausibility for repetitive bilateral training as a potential therapy for upper extremity rehabilitation in hemiparetic stroke.
The role of voice processing in telecommunications (2002)

During the decade of the 1990s, the fields of communications, computing, and networking are coming together in the form of personal information/communication terminals, and in the associated services (so-called personal communications services, PCS). Several technologies will play major roles in this communications revolution, but one of the key ones will be voice processing. The authors review several voice processing technologies, discuss current capabilities and the associated applications, and try to forecast where they see progress being achieved in the next decade and what applications will become commonplace as a result of the increased capabilities. They show how progress in voice processing is accompanied and stimulated by progress in microelectronics (memory and processing power of single chip architectures), and how, by the 21st century, telecommunications will have made major advances as a result of the use of voice processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Orthotopic Mouse Model of Human Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (2009)

Here we describe a novel orthotopic thyroid carcinoma model using 8505c cells. This model can prove to be a reliable and useful tool to investigate in vivo biological mechanisms determining thyroid cancer aggressiveness, and to test novel therapeutics for the treatment of refractory or advanced thyroid cancers.
Lobbying in the 21st century (2003)

Abstract This paper suggests that the nature of activism is changing to take account of the shifts in political and economic conditions. It further goes on to consider that as a result of these emerging trends we have witnessed a generational shift in how governments, businesses, interest groups and citizens will interact. It is possible to place the issues and questions that this new environment raises under a number of broad headings—Democracy and Dissent, Government and Parliament, Media, and Lobbying –each of which the paper deals with in turn. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications.
A Combination Scheme of ARQ and FEC for Multimedia Wireless ATM Networks (1998)

In the wireless ATM network, the key issue is to guarantee various QoS (Quality of Service) under the conditions of the limited radio link bandwidth and error prone characteristics. In this paper, we show the combination method of the error correction schemes, which is suitable to establish multimedia wireless ATM Networks while keeping an e cient use of the limited bandwidth. We consider two levels of FEC; a bit{level and a cell{ level to guarantee cell loss probabilities of real time applications. By combining two levels of FEC, various requirements on cell loss can be met. We then apply the bit{level FEC and ARQ protocol for the data communication; tolerant to the delay characteristics. Through the analytical methods, the required overhead of FECs are examined to satisfy the various QoS requirements of CBR connections. We also show the delay analysis for the UBR service class.
Antibodies From Preeclamptic Patients Stimulate Increased Intracellular Ca <sup>2+</sup> Mobilization Through Angiotensin Receptor Activation (2004)

These results suggest that maternal antibodies capable of activating AT1 receptors are likely to account for increased intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations and changes in gene expression associated with preeclampsia.
Nutrition management of patients with cancer (1986)

Clinical Research Center Stanford University Hospital Stanford, California Clinical Nutrition Unit Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, Washington
Fine structure of aphid stylet routes in plant tissues in correlation with EPG signals (1993)

Abstract. Plant penetration by Aphis fabae (Scopoli) was recorded by the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique and followed by stylectomy during wave‐forms that were suspected of indicating sieve element punctures. The severed stylets in the plant tissue were subsequently processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and sectioned either transverse or longitudinal to the stylets. Two completely serially sectioned probes from the epidermis to the phloem were reconstructed. In one probe the stylet pathway went to a sieve element and showed many empty branches of salivary sheath material. Breaks in cell walls filled with sheath material demonstrated that the majority of cells bordering the track had been punctured, which supports earlier evidence from EPGs. All types of cells showed punctures and the highest number was found inside the vascular bundle. Very few cells died, which would appear to be important for virus transmission, and in others cellular reactions remained limited to some callose formation. The route of the stylets was intercellular and passed through the secondary wall material. The role of pectinase in intercellular penetration, and previous evidence for intracellular tracks are discussed. Most sieve elements had been punctured but only one was eventually accepted. Thus, reaching a sieve element in a host plant does not automatically imply its acceptance though the reason remains unclear. Gelation of phloem proteins was shown in the stylet canal. In a second probe, plant cytological and morphological correlations with the EPG were emphasized. Probes by other aphid‐plant combinations showed great similarity.
Nanoporous Gold as a Neural Interface Coating: Effects of Topography, Surface Chemistry, and Feature Size (2015)

Designing neural interfaces that maintain close physical coupling of neurons to an electrode surface remains a major challenge for both implantable and in vitro neural recording electrode arrays. Typically, low-impedance nanostructured electrode coatings rely on chemical cues from pharmaceuticals or surface-immobilized peptides to suppress glial scar tissue formation over the electrode surface (astrogliosis), which is an obstacle to reliable neuron-electrode coupling. Nanoporous gold (np-Au), produced by an alloy corrosion process, is a promising candidate to reduce astrogliosis solely through topography by taking advantage of its tunable length scale. In the present in vitro study on np-Au's interaction with cortical neuron-glia co-cultures, we demonstrate that the nanostructure of np-Au achieves close physical coupling of neurons by maintaining a high neuron-to-astrocyte surface coverage ratio. Atomic layer deposition-based surface modification was employed to decouple the effect of morphology from surface chemistry. Additionally, length scale effects were systematically studied by controlling the characteristic feature size of np-Au through variations in the dealloying conditions. Our results show that np-Au nanotopography, not surface chemistry, reduces astrocyte surface coverage while maintaining high neuronal coverage and may enhance neuron-electrode coupling through nanostructure-mediated suppression of scar tissue formation.
Vessel Diameter Measurement Using Digital Subtraction Radiography (1985)

A method for obtaining absolute diameter and cross-sectional area measurements on subtraction digital images is described and tested in phantom vessels from 1.5 to 5.5 mm in diameter filled with iodine contrast at concentrations from 23 to 185 mg I/ml. A highly linear correlation of true vs. calculated diameter is demonstrated, with accuracy and reproducibility of the method varying from +/- 1% to 2% at the highest iodine concentration to +/- 30% in the smallest tube at the lowest concentration. A method is described for correction of the observed video density values to allow for nonlinearity of response of the imaging system to iodine density, and its effect on the measured diameters is demonstrated.
An experimental study for a home-use digital VTR (1989)

An experimental digital VTR system is described. A modified DCT (discrete cosine transform) has been developed for this system that needs only one-half the number of multipliers of a conventional DCT, making the hardware scale smaller. A data quantity estimator controls the variable-length coding for completion within a synchronization block, keeping the picture quality high. Three stages of error correction correct more errors and make the probability of miscorrection lower. A high area packing density of 270 Mb/in/sup 2/ is brought about by the use of a low-noise head amplifier, optimized payback signal processing, high-performance magnetic heads and tapes, and a stable tracking to narrow tracks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Small Molecules Targeting the NMDA Receptor Complex as Drugs for Neuropathic Pain (2003)

Pain is a complex disease that usually remains poorly treated or undertreated, especially the neuropathic pain caused by injury to the peripheral or central nervous system. Antagonists of the NMDA receptor complex have emerged as potential drugs for pain management. A strong case is being raised for non-competitive or uncompetitive antagonists with low-to-moderate affinity and fast on/offset kinetics as drugs with good therapeutic profiles, because of their reduced side effects.
Randomness-optimal oblivious sampling (1997)

We present the first efficient oblivious sampler that uses an optimal number of random bits, up to an arbitrary constant factor bigger than 1. Specifically, for any α>0, it uses (1+α)(m+log γ−1) random bits to output d=poly(ϵ−1, log γ−1, m) sample points z1,…,zd∈{0, 1}m such that for any function f: {0, 1}m→[0, 1], Pr[|(1/d)∑i=1df(zi)−Ef|≤ϵ]≥1−γ. Our proof is based on an improved extractor construction. An extractor is a procedure which takes as input the output of a defective random source and a small number of truly random bits, and outputs a nearly random string. We present the first optimal extractor, up to constant factors, for defective random sources with constant entropy rate. We give applications to constructive leader election and reducing randomness in interactive proofs. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 11, 345–367 (1997)