gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of two calibration methods on fundus camera (2004)

Two photogrammetric camera calibration methods based on two calibration objects, i.e., 3-D and planar calibration objects, were used with a nonmydriatic fundus camera and the results were presented. Experimental results show that lens distortion plays a major role in the system error contribution and it is therefore necessary to be taken into account. Although the planar calibration pattern method is slightly more complex, it is found to be more robust and less sensitive to noises. From this method the calibration results achieved an error of approximately 0.6 pixel from an effective picture area of 752 /spl times/ 582 pixels. These results could help obtaining a more accurate estimate of 3-D retinal surface profile from this type of fundus camera.
Characteristics of a bending beam force sensor array element (1991)

Results are reported for a low-compliance force sensor which is based on the change of magnetic properties of FeSiB amorphous ribbon when stressed and compressed. The signal is sensed via a magnetostrictive delay line, which makes it possible for arrays of sensors to be formed very simply. The sensor has a balanced structure consisting of two amorphous ribbons mounted on opposite faces of a bending beam and two conductors carrying identical pulsed exciting currents, arranged symmetrically about a point on the delay line, the conductors being orthogonal to it. When the sensor is loaded, one ribbon is under tension and the other one compressed, so that the passive magnetic circuit linking exciting currents and the delay line becomes unbalanced, to a degree depending on the tension and compression, and a nonzero output pulse is produced. Two small field magnets could be close to the sensing point and the receiving coil of the delay line, in order to maximize the detected signal. Input and output of the sensor are the force on the bending beam and the peak value of the detected signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Activity of Meropenem-Vaborbactam Against Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Carrying blaKPC Collected Worldwide (2017)

Abstract Background Meropenem-vaborbactam (MER-VAB) is a carbapenem-β-lactamase inhibitor combination with enhanced activity against KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae recently evaluated in a phase 3 clinical trials for cUTIs and infections due to CRE. We analyzed the activity of MER-VAB against 517 isolates carrying blaKPC collected worldwide during 2014–16. Methods Enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 34,069) from 34 countries were susceptibility (S) tested by reference broth microdilution method for MER-VAB (at fixed 8 µg/mL) and comparators. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE; CLSI criteria) were submitted to PCR/Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing for blaKPC screening. Results A total of 517 (1.5%) carried blaKPC and 6 variants were observed: 293 blaKPC-3, 218 blaKPC-2, 2 blaKPC-4, 2 blaKPC-17, and 1 each of blaKPC-2-like and blaKPC-12. Isolates were mainly K. pneumoniae (437), but also 32 E. cloacae, 13 K. oxytoca, 12 E. coli, 12 S. marcescens, and 4 other species. Isolates carrying blaKPC were detected in 17 countries. The occurrence ranged from &lt;0.1% to 11.3%, being higher in Brazil, Italy (9.3%), Poland (5.6%), and Argentina (5.2%). MER-VAB inhibited 514/517 (99.4%) isolates carrying blaKPC at ≤8 µg/mL and this compound was the most active agent tested against these isolates (MIC50/90, 0.12/1 µg/mL). Three isolates displaying elevated MER-VAB MIC values (&gt;8 µg/mL) co-harbored blaNDM-1 or blaOXA-48-like in addition to blaKPC or had a missense mutation on OmpK35. MER alone (MIC50/90, 32/&gt;32 µg/mL), imipenem (MIC50/90, &gt;8/&gt;8 µg/mL), and doripenem (MIC50/90, &gt;4/&gt;4 µg/mL) were not active against isolates harboring blaKPC. Amikacin (MIC50/90, 16/&gt;32 µg/mL) and gentamicin (MIC50/90, 2/&gt;8) µg/mL inhibited only 54.9% and 57.3% of the isolates (CLSI breakpoint). Colistin (MIC50/90, ≤0.5/&gt;8 µg/mL; 70.4% S/EUCAST breakpoint) and tigecycline (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 µg/mL; 99.4% S/US FDA criteria) were the most active comparators. Conclusion The occurrence of blaKPC is still low overall, but can be as high as 5–10% in a few countries and occur in species other than Klebsiella. KPC-producers are highly resistant to available antimicrobial agents and MER-VAB will be a useful alternative to treat infections caused by these organisms. Disclosures M. Castanheira, Rempex, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Medicines Company: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. E. Mendes, Rempex, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Medicines Company: Research Contractor, Research grant; L. R. Duncan, Rempex, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Medicines Company: Research Contractor, Research grant; L. N. Woosley, Rempex, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Medicines Company: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. K. Flamm, Rempex, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Medicines Company: Research Contractor, Research grant
Effect of particle Alignment on mechanical properties of neat cellulose nanocrystal films (2012)

Shear-based film casting methods were used to cast neat films from wood-based cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions. The degree of CNC alignment in dried films was characterized using the Hermans order parameter (S), and the film elastic modulus (E), ultimate tensile strength (s f), elongation at failure (e f), and work of fracture (WF) were measured with respect to casting direction and CNC alignment. The degree of CNC alignment in dried films was found to increase with higher casting shear rates (0, 10∙s-1, and 100∙s-1) and at higher suspension pH (~3 versus ~7). The maximum orientation (S=0.53) was achieved for CNC suspensions having a neutral pH and sheared at a rate of 100∙s-1. Elastic modulus of CNC films scaled with CNC alignment reached a maximum average of E = 30 GPa in the direction of CNC alignment. s f, e
Exploiting Wireless Channel Randomness to Generate Keys for Automotive Cyber-Physical System Security (2016)

Modern automotive Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are increasingly adopting wireless communications for Intra-Vehicular, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) protocols as a promising solution for challenges such as the wire harnessing problem, collision detection, and collision avoidance. Regrettably, this new trend results in new security vulnerabilities that can put the safety and privacy of the automotive CPS and passengers at great risk. In addition, automotive wireless communication security is constrained by strict energy and performance limitations of Electronic Controller Units (ECUs) and sensor nodes. As a result, the key generation and management for secure automotive CPS wireless communication is an open research challenge. This paper aims to help solve these security challenges by presenting a practical key generation technique based on the reciprocity and high spatial and temporal variation properties of the automotive wireless communication channel. To validate the practicality and effectiveness of our approach, we have conducted separate real- world experiments with automobiles and with RC cars. Lastly, we demonstrate through simulations that we can generate keys with high security strength (keys with 67% min-entropy) with up to 10X improvement in performance and 20X reduction in code size overhead in comparison to the state- of-the-art security techniques.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF MICROORGANISMS TO STRIPPING OF ASPHALT PAVEMENTS. FINAL REPORT (1988)

Stripping, as the term is applied to asphalt pavements, refers to the breaking of the adhesive bond between the gravel and the asphalt. There are a variety of ways in which stripping occurs but the net result is a washing away of the asphalt from the gravel. Since microbes produce surfactants and emulsifying agents that could accelerate the process, the question arises as to whether they play a meaningful role in the stripping process. Preliminary analyses of stripped asphalt samples confirmed the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic microbes. Other studies have shown that microbial growth accelerates the stripping process. Coating the gravel with an organofunctional silane prior to the addition of asphalt retards the stripping process at a concentration of 1/150 v:v in water even in the presence of vigorous microbial activity. The silane treatment was found to be effective in retarding stripping by both indigenous microbes and a bacterium known to produce an emulsifier. Lime (1%), incorporated into the asphalt mix, prevented microbial growth and stripping but was not as effective as the silane treatment.
Multi-label Point Cloud Annotation by Selection of Sparse Control Points (2017)

This paper presents a user-friendly approach for multi-label point cloud annotation. The method requires the user to select sparse control points belonging to the objects through a mouse-based interface. Multiple control points may be assigned to the same label. The software utilizes the selected control points to perform a segmentation algorithm on the neighborhood graph, based on shortest path tree. The user is provided a real-time feedback about the result, and can correct segmentation errors. In contrast to previous work the method supports multi-label annotation of unorganized point clouds. The method has been evaluated by multiple users and compared with a standard rectangle-based selection technique. Results indicate that the proposed method is perceived as easier to use, and that it allows a faster segmentation even in complex scenarios with occlusions.
Exploring Memory Management Strategies in Catamount. (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Functional Evaluation and Cancer Risk Assessment of BRCA2 Unclassified Variants (2005)

Abstract The influence of germ line BRCA2 unclassified variants (UCV), including missense mutations and in-frame deletions and insertions on BRCA2 function and on cancer risk, has not been defined although these mutations account for 43% of all identified BRCA2 sequence alterations. To investigate the effects of UCVs on BRCA2 function, we compared mutant and wild-type forms of BRCA2 using assays of cellular survival and viability, homologous recombination repair, and genome instability. We confirm that the effects of known deleterious mutations can be distinguished from neutral polymorphisms and wild-type BRCA2 in these assays, and we characterize the influence of a series of UCVs on BRCA2 function. We also describe how the results from the assays can be combined with data from analysis of cosegregation of the UCVs with cancer, co-occurrence of the UCVs with other deleterious mutations, and interspecies sequence variation in a comprehensive framework in an effort to better distinguish between disease predisposing and neutral UCVs. This combined approach represents a useful means of addressing the functional significance and cancer relevance of UCVs in BRCA2.
Monolithic Ge-on-Si lasers for large-scale electronic–photonic integration (2012)

A silicon-based monolithic laser source has long been envisioned as a key enabling component for large-scale electronic–photonic integration in future generations of high-performance computation and communication systems. In this paper we present a comprehensive review on the development of monolithic Ge-on-Si lasers for this application. Starting with a historical review of light emission from the direct gap transition of Ge dating back to the 1960s, we focus on the rapid progress in band-engineered Ge-on-Si lasers in the past five years after a nearly 30-year gap in this research field. Ge has become an interesting candidate for active devices in Si photonics in the past decade due to its pseudo-direct gap behavior and compatibility with Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processing. In 2007, we proposed combing tensile strain with n-type doping to compensate the energy difference between the direct and indirect band gap of Ge, thereby achieving net optical gain for CMOS-compatible diode lasers. Here we systematically present theoretical modeling, material growth methods, spontaneous emission, optical gain, and lasing under optical and electrical pumping from band-engineered Ge-on-Si, culminated by recently demonstrated electrically pumped Ge-on-Si lasers with >1 mW output in the communication wavelength window of 1500–1700 nm. The broad gain spectrum enables on-chip wavelength division multiplexing. A unique feature of band-engineered pseudo-direct gap Ge light emitters is that the emission intensity increases with temperature, exactly opposite to conventional direct gap semiconductor light-emitting devices. This extraordinary thermal anti-quenching behavior greatly facilitates monolithic integration on Si microchips where temperatures can reach up to 80 °C during operation. The same band-engineering approach can be extended to other pseudo-direct gap semiconductors, allowing us to achieve efficient light emission at wavelengths previously considered inaccessible.
NKT cell adjuvant-based tumor vaccine for treatment of myc oncogene-driven mouse B-cell lymphoma (2012)

Immunomodulators are effective in controlling hematologic malignancy by initiating or reactivating host antitumor immunity to otherwise poorly immunogenic and immune suppressive cancers. We aimed to boost antitumor immunity in B-cell lymphoma by developing a tumor cell vaccine incorporating α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) that targets the immune adjuvant properties of NKT cells. In the Eμ-myc transgenic mouse model, single therapeutic vaccination of irradiated, α-GalCer-loaded autologous tumor cells was sufficient to significantly inhibit growth of established tumors and prolong survival. Vaccine-induced antilymphoma immunity required NKT cells, NK cells, and CD8 T cells, and early IL-12-dependent production of IFN-γ. CD4 T cells, gamma/delta T cells, and IL-18 were not critical. Vaccine treatment induced a large systemic spike of IFN-γ and transient peripheral expansion of both NKT cells and NK cells, the major sources of IFN-γ. Furthermore, this vaccine approach was assessed in several other hematopoietic tumor models and was also therapeutically effective against AML-ETO9a acute myeloid leukemia. Replacing α-GalCer with β-mannosylceramide resulted in prolonged protection against Eμ-myc lymphoma. Overall, our results demonstrate a potent immune adjuvant effect of NKT cell ligands in therapeutic anticancer vaccination against oncogene-driven lymphomas, and this work supports clinical investigation of NKT cell-based immunotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies.
Chemical Labels Spark Clash (2015)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTChemical Labels Spark ClashView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2015, 93, 20, 23–24Publication Date (Print):May 18, 2015Publication History Published online30 March 2016Published inissue 18 May 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09320-govpol1https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09320-govpol1newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views2Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Cancer,Defects,Drinking water Get e-Alerts
Transgenic Root Nodules of<i>Vicia hirsuta:</i>A Fast and Efficient System for the Study of Gene Expression in Indeterminate-Type Nodules (1993)

The Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Vicia hirsuta resulted in the induction of transgenic 'hairy roots' on wounded epicotyls of young seedlings. As soon as the 'hairy roots' had developed enough, the original wild-type roots were excised and composite plants were thus established that consisted of transgenic roots on untransformed shoots. The proportion of roots that proved by their beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression to be transgenic reached 88%. The inoculation of composite plants with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae led to the induction of transgenic indeterminate-type root nodules in less than 20 days after the V. hirsuta seedlings had been infected with A. rhizogenes. The structure and the function of the transgenic nodules were comparable to that of wildtype nodules. To illustrate the applicability of the system, the spatial and temporal expression pattern of an intron-containing p35S-gusA-int gene fusion was monitored during root and nodule development.
Localization of the GLYT1 Glycine Transporter at Glutamatergic Synapses in the Rat Brain (2004)

In this study, we present evidence that a glycine transporter, GLYT1, is expressed in neurons and that it is associated with glutamatergic synapses. Despite the presence of GLYT1 mRNA in both glial cells and in glutamatergic neurons, previous studies have mainly localized GLYT1 immunoreactivity to glial cells in the caudal regions of the nervous system. However, using novel sequence specific antibodies, we have identified GLYT1 not only in glia, but also in neurons. The immunostaining of neuronal elements could best be appreciated in forebrain areas such as the neocortex or the hippocampus, and it was found in fibers, terminal boutons and in some dendrites. Double labeling confocal microscopy with the glutamatergic marker vGLUT1 revealed an enrichment of GLYT1 in a subpopulation of glutamatergic terminals. Moreover, through electron microscopy, we observed an enrichment of GLYT1 in both the presynaptic and the postsynaptic aspects of putative glutamatergic terminals that established asymmetric synapses. In addition, we demonstrated that GLYT1 was physically associated with the NMDA receptor in a biochemical assay. In conclusion, the close spatial association of GLYT1 and glutamatergic synapses strongly supports a role for this protein in neurotransmission mediated by NMDA receptors in the forebrain, and perhaps in other regions of the CNS.
Axonal Neuregulin-1 Regulates Myelin Sheath Thickness (2004)

In the nervous system of vertebrates, myelination is essential for rapid and accurate impulse conduction. Myelin thickness depends on axon fiber size. We use mutant and transgenic mouse lines to show that axonal Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) signals information about axon size to Schwann cells. Reduced Nrg1 expression causes hypomyelination and reduced nerve conduction velocity. Neuronal overexpression of Nrg1 induces hypermyelination and demonstrates that Nrg1 type III is the responsible isoform. We suggest a model by which myelin-forming Schwann cells integrate axonal Nrg1 signals as a biochemical measure of axon size.
Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry (1984)

A new pulse oximeter mounted on a finger receptacle is evaluated by these authors using 5 healthy volunteers. Results obtained by the instrument were compared with oxygen saturation based on arterial PO2 measurements. There was a very close correlation between both types of measurements, when inhaled oxygen concentration was lowered to 10 per cent. In terms of oxygen saturation, the instrument was accurate between 100 per cent and 70 per cent. An important point to remember is that the oximeter only measures decreases in arterial oxygen saturation below 100 per cent. Since this usually only occurs in healthy patients during dire emergencies, it is important to correlate clinical and instrumental findings when hypoxia is suspected.
Furstenberg Families and Sensitivity (2010)

We introduce and study some concepts of sensitivity via Furstenberg families. A dynamical system ( X , f ) is ℱ ‐sensitive if there exists a positive ε such that for every x ∈ X and every open neighborhood U of x there exists y ∈ U such that the pair ( x , y ) is not ℱ ‐ ε ‐asymptotic; that is, the time set { n : d ( f n ( x ), f n ( y )) > ε } belongs to ℱ , where ℱ is a Furstenberg family. A dynamical system ( X , f ) is ( ℱ 1 , ℱ 2 )‐sensitive if there is a positive ε such that every x ∈ X is a limit of points y ∈ X such that the pair ( x , y ) is ℱ 1 ‐proximal but not ℱ 2 ‐ ε ‐asymptotic; that is, the time set { n : d ( f n ( x ), f n ( y )) < δ } belongs to ℱ 1 for any positive δ but the time set { n : d ( f n ( x ), f n ( y )) > ε } belongs to ℱ 2 , where ℱ 1 and ℱ 2 are Furstenberg families.
The Formation and Structure of the Sulfoxyl Radicals RSO·, RSOO·, RSO<sub>2</sub>·, and RSO<sub>2</sub>OO· from the Reaction of Cysteine, Glutathione and Penicillamine Thiyl Radicals with Molecular Oxygen (1990)

This work reports an electron spin resonance study of the reactions of cysteine, glutathione and penicillamine thiyl radicals with molecular oxygen in frozen aqueous solutions at low temperatures. For all three thiols, the thiyl radical, RS., is found to react with oxygen to form the thiol peroxyl radical, RSOO(.). On the absorption of visible light, RSOO(.) photoisomerizes to the sulfonyl radical, RSO2(.), which subsequently reacts with molecular oxygen to form RSO2OO(.), the sulfonyl peroxyl radical. The identities of the sulfonyl and sulfonyl peroxyl radicals were confirmed by their production by a different route, from sulfinic acid. Sulfinyl radicals, RSO(.), are found as the final radical species in the reactions of thiyl radicals and oxygen. Parallel 17O hyperfine couplings (A parallel) are reported for each sulfoxyl radical and a correlation between the spin density on oxygen and the reactivity of the radical is suggested. As a result of this correlation sulfonyl peroxyl radicals are predicted to be far more reactive than thiol peroxyl radicals. We also report molecular orbital calculations on the nature of the spin density distribution and the molecular geometry of the model radicals CH3SO2(.) and CH3SO2OO(.).
Theory of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating of Tokamak Plasmas (1979)

A theoretical study of tokamak plasma heating by the electron cyclotron resonance is presented. The density limitations imposed by accessibility are first reviewed. Then the predictions of linear theory (including relativistic effects on the wave absorption) are examined via solutions of the ray equations in a toroidal tokamak equilibrium. These solutions indicate quite favorable characteristics for large tokamaks. Finally, the possibilities of scattering of the incident heating wave by existing drift-wave-type fluctuations and of parametric instability are examined; it is tentatively concluded that parametric instabilities and wave scattering should not be important in typical situations of interest.
Carbon−Carbon Bond-Forming Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Organosilicon Compounds by Rhodium/Chiral Diene-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition Reaction (2005)

[reaction: see text] A new synthetic method for chiral organosilicon compounds through a rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to beta-silyl alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been developed. By employing (R,R)-Bn-bod* as a ligand, a range of arylboronic acids can be coupled with these substrates in very high enantiomeric excess. The resulting beta-silyl 1,4-adducts can be converted to beta-hydroxy carbonyl compounds or allylsilanes while retaining their stereochemical information.