gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lenalidomide Strongly Enhances Natural Killer (NK) Cell Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) of Rituximab Treated Non-Hodkin’s Lymphoma Cell Lines In Vitro. (2006)

Abstract Lenalidomide (Revlimid® is approved for the treatment of transfusion-dependent patients with anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk MDS associated with a del 5q cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities, and in combination with dexamethasone is for the treatment of multiple myeloma patients who have received at least one prior therapy. Encouraging early results suggest a potential for clinical efficacy in B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Potential mechanisms of action include anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory activities. Lenalidomide has been shown to enhance Th1-type cytokines and T cell and NK cell activation markers in patients with advanced cancers. Furthermore, lenalidomide has been shown to enhance rituximab-mediated protection in a SCID mouse lymphoma model in vivo. We have utilized an in vitro ADCC system to assess the ability of lenalidomide to directly enhance human NK cell function in response to therapeutic antibodies, such as rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20 mAb). Isolated NK cells produced little or no IFN-γ in response to IgG and/or IL-2 or IL-12. However, pre-treatment of NK cells with lenalidomide greatly enhanced IFN-γ production by NK cells in a dose-dependent manner. In a functional ADCC assay, NHL cell lines (Namalwa, Farage & Raji) were pre-coated with rituximab and exposed to NK cells pre-treated with lenalidomide in the presence of either exogenous IL-2 or IL-12. After 4 hours in culture the viability of the tumor cells was assessed. Lenalidomide consistently and synergistically increased the killing of tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner and up to >4-fold compared to rituximab alone. Rituximab alone had only a small effect in this model and there was no killing of cells in the absence of rituximab. The presence of either exogenous IL-2 or IL-12 was required to see enhanced killing by lenalidomide. In cancer patients lenalidomide has been shown to increase serum IL-12 levels and is also known to induce IL-2 production by T cells in vitro. Potential mechanisms for enhanced ADCC include increased signaling through NK FCγ receptors and/or IL-2 or IL-12 receptors. However, we found that these receptors are unaffected by lenalidomide, although downstream effects on NK signaling pathways are likely and are being actively investigated. In conclusion, we have shown that lenalidomide strongly enhances the ability of rituximab to induce ADCC mediated killing of NHL cells in vitro. This provides a strong rationale for combination of these drugs in patients with NHL and CLL.
Space-Time Cyclic Delay Diversity Encoded Cooperative Transmissions for Multiple Relays (2009)

Among spatial diversity schemes, orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) and cyclic delay diversity (CDD) have been widely studied for the cooperative wireless relaying system. However, conventional OSTBC and CDD cannot cope with change in the number of relays owing to low throughput or error performance. In this letter, we propose the space-time cyclic delay diversity (STCDD) scheme which provides good error performance and full rate. Simulation results show that bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed STCDD is superior to that of OSTBC and CDD when sufficient quality of source-relay channels are guaranteed.
Induction Motors for Variable Frequency Power Supplies (1982)

Characteristics of variable frequency power supplies are compared, including sine wave, six-step square wave, and pulse width modulated (PWM) types. The effects of the complex voltage waveforms and variable frequency supplies on motor efficiency, heating, torque, winding stresses, and low speed pulsating torques are described. Possibilities for customizing induction motors for use with variable speed drives are considered.
Shear wave velocity dispersion analysis in placenta using 2-D transient elastography (2018)

Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are related to placental insufficiency and constitute a major public health challenge. Significant changes in placental microarchitecture have already been described in these situations, including, for example, increases or decreases in the number of villi ramifications and the presence of fibrin deposits in terms of villi. These changes affect the entire placenta and might lead to variations in elasticity compared to normal placentas. In this context, we proposed to develop a 2-D transient elastography system, dedicated to the placenta and adapted for in vivo measurements, based on the coupling of a shear wave generated by an external vibration and ultrasound images acquired at an ultrafast rate. To be particularly sensitive to the structure of this organ, a frequency analysis of the complex shear modulus has been realized by applying a fractional rheological model. This model provides a parameter n which could be sensitive to a shape factor, for example, the variations in the number of villi ramifications in the case of placental insufficiency. An ex vivo feasibility of the method on 20 normal placentas is presented in this work.
A phase II study of combined therapy with a BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib) and interleukin-2 (aldesleukin) in patients with metastatic melanoma (2018)

<b>Background</b>: Approximately 50% of melanomas harbor BRAF mutations. Treatment with BRAF +/- MEK inhibition is associated with favorable changes in the tumor microenvironment thus providing the rationale for combining targeted agents with immunotherapy. <b>Methods</b>: Patients with unresectable Stage III or IV BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> mutant melanoma were enrolled in a single-center prospective study (n = 6). Patients were eligible to receive two courses of HD-IL-2 and vemurafenib twice daily. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) with secondary objectives including overall survival (OS), response rates (RR), and safety of combination therapy as compared to historical controls. Immune profiling was performed in longitudinal tissue samples, when available. <b>Results</b>: Overall RR was 83.3% (95% CI: 36%-99%) and 66.6% at 12 weeks. All patients eventually progressed, with three progressing on treatment and three progressing after the vemurafenib continuation phase ended. Median PFS was 35.8 weeks (95% CI: 16-57 weeks). Median OS was not reached; however, the time at which 75% of patients were still alive was 104.4 weeks. Change in circulating BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> levels correlated with response. Though combination therapy was associated with enhanced CD8 T cell infiltrate, an increase in regulatory T cell frequency was seen with HD-IL-2 administration, suggesting a potential limitation in this strategy. <b>Conclusion</b>: Combination vemurafenib and HD-IL-2 is well tolerated and associated with treatment responses. However, the HD-IL-2 induced increase in Tregs may abrogate potential synergy. Given the efficacy of regimens targeting the PD-1 pathway, strategies combining these regimens with BRAF-targeted therapy are currently underway, and the role of combination vemurafenib and HD-IL-2 is uncertain. <b>Trial Registration</b>: Clinical trial information: NCT01754376; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01754376.
Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV system under partial shading condition via particle swarm optimization (2011)

Performance of Photovoltaic (PV) system is greatly dependent on the solar irradiation and operating temperature. Due to partial shading condition, the characteristics of a PV system considerably change and often exhibit several local maxima with one global maxima. Conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques can easily be trapped at local maxima under partial shading. This significantly reduced the energy yield of the PV systems. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a Maximum Power Point tracking algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) that is capable of tracking global MPP under partial shaded conditions. The performance of proposed algorithm is evaluated by means of simulation in MATLAB Simulink. The proposed algorithm is applied to a grid connected PV system, in which a Boost (step up) DC-DC converter satisfactorily tracks the global peak.
Ozone induction of ethylene emission in tomato plants: regulation by differential accumulation of transcripts for the biosynthetic enzymes (1997)

Summary Stress ethylene emission is positively correlated with ozone sensitivity in various plant species, indicating that ethylene may be involved in the control of ozone damage. This study shows that ozone exposure of tomato plants for 5 h at 85 nl l −1 and above leads to leaf injury within 24 h. 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) content and ACC synthase activity were accordingly elevated within 1–2 h. Pre‐treatment of leaves with inhibitors of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase significantly inhibited the evolution of ethylene and reduced ozone‐induced visible damage. Transcript levels for only one out of three S ‐adenosyl‐ l ‐methionine (SAM) synthetase genes ( SAM3 ), and one out of four ACC synthase genes ( LE‐ACS2 ) were induced by ozone (maximum at 2 h). Treatment with protein kinase (K‐252a) and phosphatase inhibitors (calyculin A) revealed that ACC synthase activity was additionally regulated by protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Transcripts of ACC oxidase (pTOM13 cDNA probe) displayed the fastest response of the parameters tested (maximum at 30 min), suggesting a regulatory role for ACC oxidase in ethylene formation of ozone‐exposed plants. The results demonstrate a highly selective ozone response by ethylene biosynthetic genes which resembles that of plant—pathogen interactions.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α attenuates hepatic fibrosis in rats (2009)

Our study suggests that HNF4alpha is critical for hepatic fibrogenesis and upregulation of HNF4alpha might present as an ideal option for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
Lomitapide for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia (2017)

Introduction: Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a serious rare inherited condition that leads to extremely elevated levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and predisposes affected individuals to high risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Traditional therapies are largely ineffective in managing the hypercholesterolemia in these patients; diet and regular LDL-apheresis are the mainstays of management. Lomitapide is an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) that blocks the assembly of metabolic precursors of LDL particles. Lomitapide has been approved for use in the HoFH population.Areas covered: This article explores the basic properties of lomitapide, including its pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles. It also reports the current market status of lomitapide and its close competitors. Trials of lomitapide are also briefly reviewed as well as the safety and tolerability of the drug.Expert opinion: Lomitapide has been recently approved for use in HoFH, a population that has been traditionally very difficult to effectively manage. While lomitapide has some safety concerns, including gastrointestinal symptoms and potential hepatotoxicity, and has yet to prove long term efficacy on hard cardiovascular endpoints, it does represent an attractive treatment option for a small group of patients who, until now, had very limited available effective therapies.
25 Hydroxyvitamin D in Renal Osteodystrophy: Results of a six-center Trial. Preliminary report (1977)

25 Hydroxyvitamin D in Renal Osteodystrophy: Results of a six-center Trial. Preliminary report was published in Vitamin D - Biochemical, Chemical and Clinical Aspects Related to Calcium Metabolism on page 649.
Cortical Activation Via an Implanted Wireless Retinal Prosthesis (2005)

The results demonstrate the retinotopic activation of the visual cortex using a completely wireless, remote-controlled retinal implant.
Towards the pathogenesis of human pituitary tumours (1993)

Pituitary adenomas are a common form of endocrine neoplasia in man, and cause clinical problems resulting from syndromes of hormone hypersecretion, hypofunction of the residual normal pituitary gland, or from mass effects from the tumour bulk itself. They can now be treated by surgery, by irradiation or by endocrine therapies such as dopamine or somatostatin agonists, but none of these options has proved entirely satisfactory. After intense scrutiny of pituitary physiology and biochemistry, only now are some of the causes of pituitary tumour formation becoming understood, and this short review will discuss some recent advances in the field. Pituitary tumours generally arise from a single differentiated cell type expressing its appropriate mature pituitary hormone product (such as prolactin, growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and the hormone hypersecretion often leads to a clinically recognized syndrome. About 25% of adenomas are clinically 'non-functioning', but most of these in
Marine source array directivity: a new wide airgun array system (1984)

The use of spatially distributed arrays of energy sources is a well-developed technique of exploration seismology. The principal advantages of such arrays over point sources are that the outgoing energy pulse may be shaped by using arrayelements with different characteristics and that the geometrical configuration may be adjusted to manipulate the interference effects between the array elements, at seismic frequencies.
Identifying patterns in multicomponent signals by extended cross correlation (1997)

The analysis of current problems in physical chemistry often requires the identification of patterns that encode the composition, structure, and dynamics of a system. Overlapped patterns, unexpected patterns, and patterns whose forms are initially unknown are especially difficult to identify and to extract. We have developed two new techniques for pattern recognition and extraction designed for these situations. These techniques, extended cross correlation (XCC) and extended auto correlation (XAC), identify and extract multiple patterns from experimental data even when the number of derived patterns exceeds the number of experiments. The XCC, which is the focus of this paper, allows the rapid identification and extraction of patterns that are repeated in multiple experimental records. The related XAC technique permits the identification of complex patterns that are parameterized in a multidimensional way, even when the patterns are obscured by the presence of interfering data. The XCC and XAC provide straightforward methods for extracting the features which comprise a pattern, and can be applied in a model-free way. This paper provides a formal description of multidimensional forms of the XCC technique, and illustrates use of the XCC on large data sets with multiple patterns.
Multimode nonlinear optics (1998)

Summary form only given. We compare nonlinear conversion results in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), KTP, LBO, and BBO using multimode and TEM/sub 00/ pumps of novel design and show an elegant method to improve multimode nonlinear conversion efficiency. Periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) offers numerous advantages over conventional nonlinear materials.
Civilization and Its Contradictions (2008)

Abstract This chapter examines the origin of civilization in the Middle East and the establishment of Islam's so-called bloody border, and shows the untruth of this latter phrase. Such as term suggests that in the give and take between Islam and the West, borders have swayed back and forth over centuries depending on diplomatic prowess and military strength.
Audit Trail Analysis for Traffic Intensive Web Application (2009)

Web-enabled business processes designed for travel industry and government agencies are considered as traffic intensive applications since number of users can fluctuate dramatically within a short time. Applications under this category are likely to encounter flash crowd situation in which the server can no longer handle overwhelming service requests. To alleviate this problem, business process engineers usually analyze audit trail data recorded from the application server and reengineer their processes to withstand such situations. However, audit trail analysis can only reveal some of the performance indicators which can only be observed from the internal perspective of the application server. In this research, we propose a novel approach for identifying key performance indicators of traffic intensive web applications by integrating analysis results from audit trail data of an application server with analysis results from a Web server log analyzer and stress testing tool. Web server log analyzers are mainly used to analyze the transactions between client computers and the Web server whereas stress testing tools are usually used to estimate the workload limit of a Web server. The analysis result from these programs provides an internal as well as an external view of the application performance. Such integration allows process engineers to exactly pinpoint the potential bottlenecks in the application.
Improving adaptiveness of AUTOSAR embedded applications (2014)

AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System Architecture) is the most recent standard for automotive embedded systems. A major drawback of AUTOSAR lies in its lack of flexibility. Software-wise, ECUs (Electronic Control Unit) are tested, validated and uploaded; these three steps are performed in a monolithic process. Adding adaptability features into the standard is a major challenge in this context, and may result in consequent savings of time and money. On-line adaptation allows the inclusion of new functionalities in an efficient way. In this paper, we first extract relevant features from AUTOSAR for allowing dynamic software updates. Then, we define our approach for performing updates, and provide an evaluation of our approach on a RISC micro controller.
Decision-theoretic Monte Carlo smoothing for scaling tracking in hybrid dynamic systems (2005)

Detecting faults on-board planetary rovers is important since human intervention may not be possible due to communication delays. In This work we propose a scalable method for on-board fault detection and identification that may be applied to general fault models with limited computation. Although our application focus is on diagnosing rover faults, this method is applicable in general for tracking any general non-linear, non-Gaussian hybrid (discrete-continuous) dynamic system online. Our formulation of the fault detection problem requires estimating robot and environmental state, as it changes over time, from a sequence of noisy sensor measurements. We propose a Monte Carlo algorithm that generates new trajectories if the probability of the current set of fault hypothesis being tracked is low. This approach maintains a fixed lag history of measurements, controls and samples. Experimental results of a dynamic simulation of a six-wheel rocker-bogie rover show a significant improvement in performance over the classical approach.
The Role of Imaging in the Detection and Management of COVID-19: A Review (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly around the world, resulting in a massive death toll. Lung infection or pneumonia is the common complication of COVID-19, and imaging techniques, especially computed tomography (CT), have played an important role in diagnosis and treatment assessment of the disease. Herein, we review the imaging characteristics and computing models that have been applied for the management of COVID-19. CT, positron emission tomography - CT (PET/CT), lung ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used for detection, treatment, and follow-up. The quantitative analysis of imaging data using artificial intelligence (AI) is also explored. Our findings indicate that typical imaging characteristics and their changes can play crucial roles in the detection and management of COVID-19. In addition, AI or other quantitative image analysis methods are urgently needed to maximize the value of imaging in the management of COVID-19.
Rituximab-responsive Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis in a Patient With Autoimmune Hepatitis (2008)

Evans, Joshua T. MD; Shepard, Michelle M. MD; Oates, James C. MD; Self, Sally E. MD; Reuben, Adrian MBBS, FRCP Author Information
Relationship between Duration of Fever and Incidence of Coronary Artery Lesion in Patients with Kawasaki Disease (2008)

Objective To provide evidence for timely diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease through assessing the relationship between the duration of fever and the incidence of coronary artery lesion in patients with Kawasaki disease.Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical information of 352 inpatients with Kawasaki disease(including typical Kawasaki disease,incomplete Kawasaki disease,and non-responsive to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment Kawasaki disease)from January 1997 to December 2007.The relationship between the duration of fever and the incidence of coronary artery lesion was presented by a linear trend plot,using Cochran-Armitage trend test.A value of P 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Among 352 patients with Kawasaki disease,88 had coronary artery lesions.Sixty-eight out of 294 patients with typical Kawasaki disease,20 out of 58 patients with incomplete Kawasaki disease,and 18 out of 44 patients with non-responsive Kawasaki disease had coronary artery lesions.Linear trend analysis showed that the duration of fever in all 352 patients with Kawasaki disease and 294 cases with typical Kawasaki disease was positively correlated with the incidence of coronary artery lesion(P0.05).However,in patients with incomplete Kawasaki disease and non-responsive Kawasaki disease,the relationship between the duration of fever and the incidence of coronary artery lesion was not significant(P 0.05).Conclusion The longer the duration of fever was in patients with Kawasaki disease,higher the risk of coronary artery lesion.
Fatty acids in crinoidea and ophiuroidea: Occurrence of all‐<i>cis</i>‐6,9,12,15,18,21‐tetracosahexaenoic acid (1986)

Abstract The fatty acid compositions of lipids from two species of Crinoidea and two species of Ophiuroidea have been investigated with open‐tubular gas chromatography. About 5–10% of tetracosahexaenoic acid was found in total fatty acids from all the samples, and the structure was determined as all‐ cis ‐6,9,12,15,18,21‐tetracosahexaenoic acid [24∶6(n−3)] by 13 C‐NMR of the methyl esters and mass spectrometric analyses of the methyl esters, the pyrrolidides and the ozonolysis products. The 24∶6(n−3) was concentrated in the polar lipids rather than neutral lipids. The n−3 hexaenoic structure suggested chain elongation of 22∶6(n−3) as the source. The 5‐olefinic acids (5−18∶1, 5−20∶1, 5,11‐ and 5,13−20∶2) were low in Crinoidea (0.2–1.3%) but were present in higher levels (2.5–5.2%) in Ophiuroidea. Polyunsaturated acids found other than 24∶6(n−3) were 20∶4(n−6), 20∶5(n−3) and 22∶6(n−3) as major components and 16∶3(n−3), 18∶2(n−6), 18∶3(n−6), 18∶3(n−3), 18∶4(n−3), 20∶2(n−9), 20∶2(n−6), 20∶3(n−6), 20∶3(n−3), 21∶5(n−3) and 22∶5(n−3) as minor components in all the samples.