gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An analysis of anthropometric geometric variability of the lower leg for the fit & function of advanced functional garments (2017)

As advanced functional apparel (e.g. wearable technology) continues to develop and permeate the consumer market, sizing and fit for the human body have become obstacles to consumer accessibility and garment functionality. This study develops sizing and design strategies for an advanced functional compression garment for the lower leg through an investigation of anthropometric geometric variability of the North American civilian population (using the CAESAR database). We extracted six lower leg measurements - ankle, calf, and knee circumferences as well as knee-to ankle, knee-to-calf, and ankle-to-calf lengths - from a sample of CAESAR three-dimensional body scans (n = 160) and ran descriptive statistics to quantify lower leg variability.
Computing Upper and Lower Bounds on Likelihoods in Intractable Networks (2013)

We present deterministic techniques for computing upper and lower bounds on marginal probabilities in sigmoid and noisy-OR networks. These techniques become useful when the size of the network (or clique size) precludes exact computations. We illustrate the tightness of the bounds by numerical experiments.
The Small Volume Liquid Density Sensor Using Surface Acoustic Wave (2006)

Shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) are generated and detected by interdigital transducers (IDT). When the viscoelastic liquid comes in contact with the delay path in a SH-SAW device, the viscous coupling action will effect on the wave propagation. Consequently the frequency, phase and propagating velocity of the SH-SAW will be altered. In this paper the properties of the acoustic wave in a liquid overlay on a piezoelectric substrate are investigated. The theory analysis and initial experiment are presented. The result shows when signal frequency is 57.8MHz, the SH-SAW can be excited effectively in the lithium niobate crystal. By measuring the phase change of the SH-SAW, the liquid density can be detected. Compared with traditional liquid density sensor, the SH-SAW liquid density sensor has the advantages of simple construction, high precision and little sample etc.
Activation Tagging and Insertional Mutagenesis in Barley (2010)

The process of activation tagging in plants involves the random distribution of plant regulatory sequences throughout the genome. The insertion of a regulatory sequence in the vicinity of an endogenous gene can alter the transcriptional pattern of this gene resulting in a mutant phenotype that arises from excess functional gene product. Activation tagging has been undertaken extensively in a number of dicot plants and also in rice. This has been achieved primarily by high-throughput plant transformation using T-DNA sequences that encode regulatory elements. Apart from rice, most cereals do not have a suitably efficient transformation system for high-throughput transformation. In this article, we detail an activation tagging system in barley that exploits the mobility of the maize Ac/Ds transposable element system to distribute a highly expressed promoter throughout the barley genome. The advantage of this approach in this species is that a relatively small number of primary transgenics are required to generate an activation tagging population. Insertion of this transposable element into genes can also generate insertional inactivation mutants enabling both gene overexpression and gene knockout mutants to be identified in the same population.
Design on a Novel a‐Si PIN/OLED Image Sensor & Display Device (1999)

Abstract A novel PIN/OLED image sensor & display device is proposed. Each pixel contains an a‐Si PIN diode and an OLED in serial connection but in opposite polarity. The a‐Si PIN diode acts as input sensor element and converts input light intensity into electric current strength. When the pixel is biased in the forward direction to that of the OLED, the electric current controls the output light intensity of the OLED. A theoretic simulation was carried out and compared with experimental results.
Models of glucose disposal: estimation of glucose effectiveness with an optimal protocol (2002)

In this study the authors developed models to describe the effect of glucose on its own disposal (glucose effectiveness) under nonsteady state conditions. The database consisted of experiments during which glucose concentration exhibited a meal-like profile while insulin was maintained at the basal level. This optimal protocol allowed the authors to rule out the possibly confounding effect of hyperinsulinemia on the assessment of glucose effectiveness. Five models were formulated. All were based upon a monocompartmental description of glucose kinetics but used different descriptions of the rate of glucose uptake as a function of glucose concentration. The two models which appeared superior in terms of model fit and precision of the parameter estimates incorporate a nonlinear, saturative effect of hyperglycemia and a delay between glucose elevation in plasma and its effect on glucose uptake.
Über die Umsetzung von Nitroso‐Verbindungen mit Phosphoryliden (1969)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Phosphoryliden mit p ‐Nitroso‐dimethylanilin führt außer zu den erwarteten Aldehyden zu den Dimerisierungsprodukten 3 . So kann β‐Carotin (5) in etwa 50proz. Ausbeute durch Einwirkung von p ‐Nitrosodimethylanilin und Base auf Axerophthyltriphenyl‐phosphoniumsalz (4) erhalten werden. Dagegen setzen sich sowohl einfache wie auch Polyen‐Ylide mit N ‐Methyl‐ N ‐nitroso‐ p ‐toluolsulfonamid (7) in guten Ausbeuten zu Nitrilen um. Aus β‐Ionyliden‐äthyl‐triphenylphosphoniumsalz ( 6) wird β‐Ionyliden‐acetonitril (8) in 75proz. Ausbeute erhalten. N ‐Nitroso‐ N ‐methyl‐harnstoff erzeugt aus Yliden die zugehörigen Kohlenwasserstoffe, z. B. Verbindung 17 ; N ‐Nitroso‐ N ‐methyl‐urethan ergibt eine Mischung aus Dimerem, Kohlenwasserstoff, Nitril und Aldehyd.
Multi-core MgO NPs@C core–shell nanospheres for selective CO<sub>2</sub> capture under mild conditions (2014)

A composite material of 3 nm magnesium oxide nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanospheres showed selective CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity over N<sub>2</sub>.
Beyond folklore: observations on fragmented traffic (2002)

Fragmented IP traffic is a poorly understood component of the overall mix of traffic on the Internet. Many assertions about the nature and extent of fragmented traffic are anecdotal rather than empirical. In this paper we examine the causes and attributes of measured fragment traffic, in particular, the effects of NFS, streaming media, networked video games, tunneled traffic, and the prevalence of packet fragmentation due to improperly configured machines. To understand the prevalence, causes, and effects of fragmented IP traffic, we have collected and analyzed seven multiday traces from four sources. These sources include a university commodity access link, two highly aggregated commercial exchange points, and a local NAP. Although there is no practical method of ascertaining whether any data provide a representative sample of all Internet traffic, we include data sources that cover several different types of WAN with traffic from commercial entities, educational and research institutions, and large government facilities. The dominant causes of fragmentation are streaming media and tunneled traffic. Although rumored to be the main impetus for IP packet fragmentation, NFS is not among the top ten causes.
Evaluation of process parameter ranks in electric discharge machining of aerospace super alloy using copper electrode (2014)

Electrical discharge machining is basically a nonconventional material removal process which is widely used to produce dies, punches and moulds, finishing parts for aerospace and automotive industry. Inconel X-750, a high strength, age-hardenable, Ni-base super alloy, finds wide range of applications in aerospace engineering on the basis of its excellent high-temperature and cryogenic properties. Electrical discharge machining can be successfully employed to machine electrically conductive parts irrespective of their hardness, shape and toughness such as Inconel X750. This article explains about an experiment conducted to study the effect of the input parameters like pulse peak current, pulse on time, gap voltage on material removal rate (MRR), Electrode wear rate (EWR) and surface roughness (Ra). The experiments were performed based on Box-Behnken design of experiments and influence ranking was done using the analysis of means technique.
PCT: Component-based Process Control Testbed (2006)

In the last years industrial control systems have increased their complexity, using a great variety of hardware and software elements of all kinds. In larger systems a big number of different protocols, communication networks and architectures can be found. System components are not centralized but distributed over the plant and they communicate with each other through several channels. Industrial control systems are usually organized in layers, and information used within/among them needs to be integrated. The general trend is to develop heterogeneous and distributed control systems, where system integration is a hard issue. CORBA is an open standard that provides a flexible middleware capable of integrating complex applications in heterogeneous environments, and could be a good choice when developing a control system. Nevertheless, CORBA has some limitations regarding to hard real-time applications, so it is only suitable for developing soft real-time systems. This paper describes the Process Control Testbed (PCT) of the IST Hard Real-time CORBA project (HRTC), which has been used to analyze and evaluate CORBA advantages and disadvantages in distributed real-time control systems development. The PCT system has been designed and implemented using CORBA and RTCORBA. A new version is being implemented using CCM Technology in the IST COMPARE project.
Pathologic Complete Response to Trastuzumab-Based Neoadjuvant Therapy Is Related to the Level of HER-2 Amplification (2007)

This is the first study to show positive correlation between level of HER-2 amplification assessed by FISH and rate of pathologic complete response to trastuzumab-based neoadjuvant treatment.
An online brain–machine interface using decoding of movement direction from the human electrocorticogram (2012)

A brain-machine interface (BMI) can be used to control movements of an artificial effector, e.g. movements of an arm prosthesis, by motor cortical signals that control the equivalent movements of the corresponding body part, e.g. arm movements. This approach has been successfully applied in monkeys and humans by accurately extracting parameters of movements from the spiking activity of multiple single neurons. We show that the same approach can be realized using brain activity measured directly from the surface of the human cortex using electrocorticography (ECoG). Five subjects, implanted with ECoG implants for the purpose of epilepsy assessment, took part in our study. Subjects used directionally dependent ECoG signals, recorded during active movements of a single arm, to control a computer cursor in one out of two directions. Significant BMI control was achieved in four out of five subjects with correct directional decoding in 69%-86% of the trials (75% on average). Our results demonstrate the feasibility of an online BMI using decoding of movement direction from human ECoG signals. Thus, to achieve such BMIs, ECoG signals might be used in conjunction with or as an alternative to intracortical neural signals.
Screen‐detected invasive cervical carcinoma and its clinical significance during the introduction of organized screening (2009)

Screen-detected cancers were more likely to be diagnosed at an earlier stage, in younger women and in women who had previously been screened and became relatively more frequent as symptomatic cancers declined.
ARINC 629, the civil aircraft databus for the 1990s (1989)

The existing standard data bus (ARINC 429) has insufficient interconnect flexibility or capacity to meet the demands of future systems communications. As a result the industry is developing a new multiple-access data bus standard, ARINC 629, to meet these needs. the standard is based on the DATAC development work of Boeing Commercial Aircraft. Avionic communications demand a bus which can efficiently convey both time critical data as used in control and monitoring functions in which transmission intervals need to be guaranteed, and file or block data such as for data-link communications for which an adequate throughput capacity is required. >
[12 cases of aggressive fibromatosis of the head and neck]. (2013)

Aggressive fibromatosis in the head and neck is a rare benign, non-metastatic proliferation tumor of fibrous tissue with a capacity of infiltration to surrounding structures and a tendency of local recurrence after surgical resection. Complete surgical excision was considered to be the only effective method of cure. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be used in unsatisfactory surgical marginal recurrence.
Burden of Mortality Associated With Autoimmune Diseases Among Females in the United Kingdom (2010)

Autoimmune diseases are a leading cause of death among females in England and Wales, but their collective impact remains hidden in current disease classification systems. Grouping these disorders together may help promote research needed to identify common determinants and future prevention strategies.
Approaches to high quality speech coding using gain-adaptive vector quantization (2003)

Preliminary results of ongoing research to utilize vector quantization to achieve practical high quality speech coding at 8 kb/s are reported. The basic concepts of speech coding and vector quantization are discussed, followed by a description of the gain adaptive time domain vector quantizer and the gain adaptive transform domain vector quantizer. The quantitative and qualitative performance of the proposed coding systems is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hierarchical attention networks for information extraction from cancer pathology reports (2017)

HAN-based DL models show promise in information abstraction tasks within unstructured clinical pathology reports.
Low-temperature growth and Raman scattering study of vertically aligned ZnO nanowires on Si substrate (2003)

High-density ZnO nanowires (ZnONWs) were aligned onto Au-catalyzed Si substrate through a simple low-temperature physical vapor deposition method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and photoluminescence spectra showed that the ZnONWs were single-crystalline, with a hexagonal wurzite structure. All of the results inferred from the SEM observations, the XRD rocking curves, and the Raman spectra for the investigated samples confirm that the ZnONWs are well aligned and c-axis oriented. The Raman spectra also indicated that the ZnONWs on Si substrates are under the biaxial compressive stress. Since it takes the advantage of low-cost, easily controlled deposition spot (due to the selective deposition trait of the Au layer), potential for scale-up production, and ability to integrate with Si substrate, this technique has a potential in future for fabricating the ZnONW array-based optoelectronic devices.
Downhole Multiphase Metering In Wells By Means Of Soft-sensing (2008)

Abstract Multiphase flow meters are indispensable tools for achieving optimal operation and control of wells as these meters deliver real-time information about their performance. For example, multiphase flow meters located downhole can improve the production of multilateral and multizone wells by timely allocating the zone where a gas or water cone occurs. However, multiphase meters are either expensive, inaccurate, or cannot be used downhole due to the harsh conditions. An alternative that can be used to overcome these disadvantages is to use multiphase soft-sensors, i.e. to estimate holdups and flow rates from relatively cheap and reliable conventional meters, such as pressure and temperature measurements, and a dynamic model connecting these measurements with the unknown quantities. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, via two simulation based case studies, some possibilities and limitations of such multiphase soft-sensors. In the first case study the question is adressed whether it is possible to use only downhole pressure and temperatures measurements to estimate in real-time the water, oil and gas flow rates in a well. This question is of practical importance as these measurements are relatively cheap and reliable. The second case addresses the question whether it is possible to allocate the gas cone in a well with multiple inflow points or zones. This question is relevant as the estimated flow rate and holdup profiles can be used to manipulate Inflow Control Valves in such a way that gas breakthrough is prevented. Using amongst others OLGA data as "real-life" data, an additional question addressed here is what the influence is of soft-sensor model error and measurement noise on the quality of the estimates. From the first case study it can be concluded that, due to bad observability, pressure and temperature measurements alone are not sufficient to accurately estimate in real-time well flow composition parameters in a practically relevant situation. The preliminary results discussed in the second case study indicate that a soft-sensing solution to the gas cone allocation problem may very well be feasible.
Measuring Electrospun Nanofibre Diameter: a Novel Approach (2008)

A new method based on image analysis for electrospun nanofibre diameter measurement is presented. First, the SEM micrograph of the nanofibre web obtained by electrospinning process is converted to binary image using local thresholding method. In the next step, skeleton and distance transformed image are generated. Then, the intersection points which bring about untrue measurements are identified and removed from the skeleton. Finally, the resulting skeleton and distance transformed image are used to determine fibre diameter. The method is evaluated by a simulated image with known characteristics generated by ?-randomness procedure. The results indicate that this approach is successful in making fast, accurate automated measurements of electrospun fibre diameters.
Elastic and inelastic conductance in Co-Fe-B/MgO/Co-Fe-B magnetic tunnel junctions (2010)

A systematic analysis of the bias voltage and temperature dependence of the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in Co-Fe-B/MgO/Co-Fe-B magnetic tunnel junctions with barrier thickness ${t}_{B}$ between 1.8 and 4.0 nm has been performed. The resistance measured at low temperature in the parallel state shows the expected exponential increase with increasing barrier thickness. The low-temperature TMR amplitude of about 300% is quite similar for all MgO thicknesses. This is in accordance with microstructural investigations by transmission electron microscopy, which do not give hints to a reduction in the barrier quality with increasing MgO thickness. Both the junction resistance and TMR decrease with increasing temperature and bias voltage. In general, the decrease is much stronger for thicker barriers, e.g., a decrease in the TMR by a factor of 13.4 from 293% at 15 K to 21.9% at 300 K was observed for ${t}_{B}=4.0\text{ }\text{nm}$ compared to a reduction by only a factor of 1.6 for ${t}_{B}=1.8\text{ }\text{nm}$. This behavior can be described self-consistently for all barrier thicknesses within a model that extends the magnon-assisted tunneling model by adding an inelastic, unpolarized tunneling contribution. Furthermore we discuss our results in the framework of a recent model by Lu et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 176801 (2009)] claiming that polarized hopping conductance becomes important for larger MgO thickness.
Innovative radar multistatic techniques for air traffic control (2002)

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) been evaluating a prototype integrated Advanced Surface Movement Guidance System(A-SMGCS). Key A-SMGCS surveillance technologies including Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE-3) radar, inductive loops, 1090 MHz ADS-B, and Mode S multilateration are fused to provide multi-sensor surveillance coverage. Performance evaluations identifying advantages and disadvantages of these technologies have been conducted by FAA and NASA. Rannoch has been involved in several of these projects and implemented several multilateration technology innovations with the goal of enhancing system performance, improving siting flexibility, reducing system cost, and decrease spectrum utilization. The innovations include two-receiver position aiding and aircraft identification, highly accurate GPS synchronization, 1030 MHz synchronization, and passive Mode A/C multilateration. The Rannoch version of multilateration, known as AirScene, is being installed in several countries worldwide, with these various system improvements. Results and performance improvements are described in the paper.
Reconstruction of super-resolution lung 4D-CT using patch-based sparse representation (2012)

4D-CT plays an important role in lung cancer treatment. However, due to the inherent high-dose exposure associated with CT, dense sampling along superior-inferior direction is often not practical. As a result, artifacts such as lung vessel discontinuity and partial volume are typical in 4D-CT images and might mislead dose administration in radiation therapy. In this paper, we present a novel patch-based technique for super-resolution enhancement of the 4D-CT images along the superior-inferior direction. Our working premise is that the anatomical information that is missing at one particular phase can be recovered from other phases. Based on this assumption, we employ a patch-based mechanism for guided reconstruction of super-resolution axial slices. Specifically, to reconstruct each targeted super-resolution slice for a CT image at a particular phase, we agglomerate a dictionary of patches from images of all other phases in the 4D-CT sequence. Then we perform a sparse combination of the patches in this dictionary to reconstruct details of a super-resolution patch, under constraint of similarity to the corresponding patches in the neighboring slices. By iterating this procedure over all possible patch locations, a superresolution 4D-CT image sequence with enhanced anatomical details can be eventually reconstructed. Our method was extensively evaluated using a public dataset. In all experiments, our method outperforms the conventional linear and cubic-spline interpolation methods in terms of preserving image details and suppressing misleading artifacts.
Exact and approximated expressions of the log-likelihood ratio for 16-QAM signals (2005)

This paper discusses the exact and approximate calculation of the bit log-likelihood ratio (LLR) for a 16-QAM signal. In particular, we introduce a new modified max function, which allows for an effective implementation of the LLR formula. The results of the paper are applicable to 16-QAM soft-demapping in digital receivers that perform soft decision decoding or iterative decoding.
Towards Semantic Web Engineering: WEESA - Mapping XML Schema to Ontologies. (2004)

The existence of semantically tagged Web pages is crucial to bring the Semantic Web to life. But it is still costly to develop and maintain Web applications that o#er data and meta-data. Several standard Web engineering methodologies exist for designing and implementing Web applications. In this paper we introduce a technique to extend existing Web engineering techniques to develop semantically tagged Web applications. The novelty of this technique is the definition and implementation of a mapping from XML Schema to ontologies that can be used to automatically generate RDF meta-data from XML content documents.