gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entanglement networks of 1,2‐polybutadiene cross‐linked in states of strain. V. Relaxation phenomena and calculations of entanglement trapping (1979)

Abstract Linear 1,2‐polybutadiene is cross‐linked near its glass transition temperature by γ‐irradiation while strained in simple extension with a stretch ratio λ o . After release, the sample retracts to a state of ease (λ s ). From λ o , λ s , and stress‐strain measurements in extension from the state of ease, the concentrations of network strands terminated by trapped entanglements ( v N ) and by cross‐links ( v x ) can be calculated. For v x / v N ≡ R ′ o > 1, retraction to the state of ease is rapid. For R ≃ 0.3 or less, retraction is slow and extends over many logarithmic decades of time scale. When an eased sample is stretched to λ o where the cross‐links do not contribute to stress, the subsequent stress relaxation of the entanglement network toward equilibrium is also very slow if R ′ o is small. The slow timedependent processes are attributed to a high proportion of untrapped entanglements on dangling branched structures. The concentration of trapped entanglement strands, v N , can also be calculated from the equilibrium stress at λ o . The fraction of trapped entanglements agrees rather well with the predictions of the theory of Langley.
A Self-Sustained Wireless Multi-Sensor Platform Integrated with Printable Organic Sensors for Indoor Environmental Monitoring (2017)

A self-sustained multi-sensor platform for indoor environmental monitoring is proposed in this paper. To reduce the cost and power consumption of the sensing platform, in the developed platform, organic materials of PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:PSS/EB-PANI are used as the sensing films for humidity and CO₂ detection, respectively. Different from traditional gas sensors, these organic sensing films can operate at room temperature without heating processes or infrared transceivers so that the power consumption of the developed humidity and the CO₂ sensors can be as low as 10 μW and 5 μW, respectively. To cooperate with these low-power sensors, a Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) system-on-chip (SoC) is designed to amplify and to read out multiple sensor signals with low power consumption. The developed SoC includes an analog-front-end interface circuit (AFE), an analog-to-digital convertor (ADC), a digital controller and a power management unit (PMU). Scheduled by the digital controller, the sensing circuits are power gated with a small duty-cycle to reduce the average power consumption to 3.2 μW. The designed PMU converts the power scavenged from a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) module into required supply voltages for SoC circuits operation under typical indoor illuminance conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first multiple environmental parameters (Temperature/CO₂/Humidity) sensing platform that demonstrates a true self-powering functionality for long-term operations.
Synthesis of 6-aminophenanthridines via palladium-catalyzed insertion of isocyanides into N-sulfonyl-2-aminobiaryls (2014)

A robust route to a diverse set of 6-aminophenanthridines <italic>via</italic> palladium-catalyzed C–H activation of <italic>N</italic>-sulfonyl-2-aminobiaryl and isocyanide insertion is reported.
The kinetics of lanthanide complexation by EDTA and DTPA in lactate media (2012)

The interaction of trivalent lanthanide and actinide cations with polyaminopolycarboxylic acid complexing agents in lactic acid buffer systems is an important feature of the chemistry of the TALSPEAK process for the separation of trivalent actinides from lanthanides. To improve understanding of metal ion coordination chemistry in this process, the results of an investigation of the kinetics of lanthanide complexation by ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N'',N''-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) in 0.3 M lactic acid/0.3 M ionic strength solution are reported. Progress of the reaction was monitored using the distinctive visible spectral changes attendant to lanthanide complexation by the colorimetric indicator ligand Arsenazo III, which enables the experiment but plays no mechanistic role. Under the conditions of these experiments, the reactions occur in a time regime suitable for study by stopped-flow spectrophotometric techniques. Experiments have been conducted as a function of EDTA/DTPA ligand concentration, total lactic acid concentration, and pH. The equilibrium perturbation reaction proceeds as a first order approach to equilibrium over a wide range of conditions, allowing the simultaneous determination of complex formation and dissociation rate constants. The rate of the complexation reaction has been determined for the entire lanthanide series (except Pm(3+)). The predominant pathway for lanthanide-EDTA and lanthanide-DTPA dissociation is inversely dependent on the total lactate concentration; the complex formation reaction demonstrates a direct dependence on [H(+)]. Unexpectedly, the rate of the complex formation reaction is seen in both ligand systems to be fastest for Gd(3+). Correlation of these results indicates that in 0.3 M lactate solutions the exchange of lanthanide ions between lactate complexes and the polyaminopolycarboxylate govern the process.
Composite Right‐/Left‐Handed Transmission Line Metamaterials (2013)

Abstract This article is focused on transmission line metamaterials, that is, metamaterials implemented by loading a host transmission line with reactive elements (capacitors, inductors, and/or resonators). It is mainly devoted to transmission line metamaterials exhibiting a composite right‐/left‐handed (CRLH) behavior, that is, supporting left‐handed (or backward) wave propagation in certain frequency bands and right‐handed (or forward) wave propagation in other frequency intervals. The analysis of these transmission lines (on the basis of the equivalent circuit models) and their main relevant applications are reviewed in this article.
Purification and characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas W6. (1990)

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) has been purified from methanol grown Pseudomonas W6 by a simple procedure involving dye-ligand affinity chromatography on Cibacronblue F3G-A-Sephadex and Procion Red HE-3B-Sepharose. The purification procedure yielded a homogeneous enzyme with (1) high specific activity of 390 and 500 units/mg with NADP and NAD, respectively, and (2) low concentrations of contaminating activities. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated to be 123 +/- 5 kDa. For the polypeptide chain after SDS denaturation a molecular mass of about 61 kDa was calculated. The kinetic behaviour of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibiting activity with either NADP or NAD was studied with respect to the substrate and coenzyme affinities and to ATP inhibition of enzyme activity. The applicability of prepared glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as an auxiliary enzyme in clinical tests is discussed.
Comparison of methods for uniform laser scanning of centrifuged blood tubes for data acquisition in a hematology analyzer (2001)

This paper compares various methods for developing a low-cost, uniform velocity laser-scanning beam to be used for scanning a centrifuged blood tube in the hematology analyzer. For this product, blood is collected from the vein and placed in a hollow tube about 80 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter. The tube is then centrifuged at high speed and the content settles in layers according to the density of the different components in the blood. These components consist of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. The glass tube is coated with special chemicals to accent the color of the different components of the blood. The tube is then placed in an instrument that scans each tube eight times with a laser beam to measure the band lengths and then calculates the value of each of these components in the blood. Various scanning methods are compared to determine the best low-cost uniform beam scanning technique for this data acquisition application.
Calcineurin contributes to spatial memory impairment induced by rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (2009)

Recent evidence suggests that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (REMSD) causes learning and memory deficits. However, the mechanism of REMSD-induced memory impairment remains unclear. Calcineurin (CaN) is involved in synaptic plasticity and is known as a negative constraint on learning and memory. Here we report that 72 h REMSD by the modified multiple platform method in rats resulted in spatial memory impairment in the Morris water maze and elevated hippocampal cytosolic CaN activity, both of which were reversed after 18 h sleep recovery. CaN expression in the whole-tissue homogenate of the hippocampus was not altered by REMSD. The results suggest that elevated hippocampal CaN activity is involved in REMSD-induced spatial memory impairment.
A cluster-based statistical model for object detection (1999)

This paper presents an approach to object detection which is based on recent work in statistical models for texture synthesis and recognition. Our method follows the texture recognition work of De Bonet and Viola (1998). We use feature vectors which capture the joint occurrence of local features at multiple resolutions. The distribution of feature vectors for a set of training images of an object class is estimated by clustering the data and then forming a mixture of Gaussian models. The mixture model is further refined by determining which clusters are the most discriminative for the class and retaining only those clusters. After the model is learned, test images are classified by computing the likelihood of their feature vectors with respect to the model. We present promising results in applying our technique to face detection and car detection.
Three-Dimensional Expansion of a Dynamic Programming Method for Boundary Detection and Its Application to Sequential Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (2012)

This study proposes a fast 3D dynamic programming expansion to find a shortest surface in a 3D matrix. This algorithm can detect boundaries in an image sequence. Using phantom image studies with added uniform distributed noise from different SNRs, the unsigned error of this proposed method is investigated. Comparing the automated results to the gold standard, the best averaged relative unsigned error of the proposed method is 0.77% (SNR = 20 dB), and its corresponding parameter values are reported. We further apply this method to detect the boundary of the real superficial femoral artery (SFA) in MRI sequences without a contrast injection. The manual tracings on the SFA boundaries are performed by well-trained experts to be the gold standard. The comparisons between the manual tracings and automated results are made on 16 MRI sequences (800 total images). The average unsigned error rate is 2.4% (SD = 2.0%). The results demonstrate that the proposed method can perform qualitatively better than the 2D dynamic programming for vessel boundary detection on MRI sequences.
Fecularias: industrialização e relações de produção no extremo-sul e sudeste/ MS (2012)

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar as caracteristicas do espaco geografico produzido pela e para atividade produtiva da mandioca - composta pelo cultivo e industrializacao da mesma - na porcao Sudeste e Extremo-Sul de Mato Grosso do Sul. Sobre o cultivo, procura-se compreender as relacoes de producao estabelecidas entre agricultores, fecularias e a pressao gerada pelo setor da cana de acucar. A industrializacao delimita o funcionamento das fecularias localizadas nos municipios de Ivinhema, Navirai, Deodapolis, Gloria de Dourados, Novo Horizonte do Sul, Mundo Novo, Sete Quedas, Itaquirai, Tacuru, Coronel Sapucaia, Cassilândia e Anaurilândia, portanto, alguns municipios na linha de fronteira Brasil/Paraguay. A comercializacao recorta a insercao dessa producao no mercado nacional a partir da valorizacao da fecula pela industria alimenticia.
Strömungs‐ und Wärmeübergangsuntersuchungen an Gas/Flüssigkeits‐Gemischen zur Auslegung von Filmverdampfern für viskose Medien (1970)

Abstract Für das Verdampfen viskoser Stoffe unter Druck eignen sich Schlangenrohr‐Verdampfer, wenn gleichzeitig eine chemische Reaktion abläuft oder eine große Wärme‐und Stoffaustauschfläche gefordert wird. Strömungs‐ und Wärmeübergangsuntersuchungen mit Gas/Flüssigkeits‐Gemischen bis zu Flüssigkeitszähigkeiten von 500 P bestätigen die Gesetzmäßigkeiten, die man in horizontalen Rohren mit niederviskosen Stoffen gefunden hat, sie müssen jedoch noch durch zusätzliche Parameter ergänzt werden.
High quality genomic DNA extraction from large milk samples (2002)

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Single-step syntheses of no-carrier-added functionalized [18F]fluoroarenes as labeling synthons from diaryliodonium salts (2013)

Radiotracers labelled with short-lived fluorine-18 (t(1/2) = 109.7 min) are keenly sought for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). The radiotracers are mostly required at high specific radioactivities, necessitating their radiosyntheses from cyclotron-produced no-carrier-added [(18)F]fluoride ion. PET radiotracers encompass wide structural diversity and molecular weight. Hence, diverse (18)F-labeling methodology is needed to accomplish the required radiosyntheses in a simple and rapid manner. A useful strategy is to introduce nucleophilic [(18)F]fluoride ion first into a labeling synthon that may then be applied to label the target radiotracer. Here, we show that various functionalized [(18)F]fluoroarenes may be rapidly synthesized as labeling synthons through single-step reactions of appropriate diaryliodonium salts with [(18)F]fluoride ion. Decay-corrected radiochemical yields (RCYs) varied with position of functional group, choice of electron-rich aryl ring in the diaryliodonium salt, and choice of anion. Under best conditions, (18)F-labeled fluorobenzaldehydes, fluorobenzyl halides, fluorobenzoic acid esters and fluorophenyl ketones were obtained selectively in 40-73%, 20-55%, 46-89% and 81-98% RCYs, respectively. This versatile straightforward methodology will enhance the scope for producing structurally complex, yet useful, PET radiotracers.
HubP, a Polar Landmark Protein, Regulates Flagellar Number by Assisting in the Proper Polar Localization of FlhG in Vibrio alginolyticus (2016)

The marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus has a single polar flagellum, the number of which is regulated positively by FlhF and negatively by FlhG. FlhF is intrinsically localized at the cell pole, whereas FlhG is localized there through putative interactions with the polar landmark protein HubP. Here we focused on the role of HubP in the regulation of flagellar number in V. alginolyticus Deletion of hubP increased the flagellar number and completely disrupted the polar localization of FlhG. It was thought that the flagellar number is determined primarily by the absolute amount of FlhF localized at the cell pole. Here we found that deletion of hubP increased the flagellar number although it did not increase the polar amount of FlhF. We also found that FlhG overproduction did not reduce the polar localization of FlhF. These results show that the absolute amount of FlhF is not always the determinant of flagellar number. We speculate that cytoplasmic FlhG works as a quantitative regulator, controlling the amount of FlhF localized at the pole, and HubP-anchored polar FlhG works as a qualitative regulator, directly inhibiting the activity of polar FlhF. This regulation by FlhF, FlhG, and HubP might contribute to achieving optimal flagellar biogenesis at the cell pole in V. alginolyticus IMPORTANCE: For regulation of the flagellar number in marine Vibrio, two proteins, FlhF and FlhG, work as positive and negative regulators, respectively. In this study, we found that the polar landmark protein HubP is involved in the regulation of flagellar biogenesis. Deletion of hubP increased the number of flagella without increasing the amount of pole-localizing FlhF, indicating that the number of flagella is not determined solely by the absolute amount of pole-localizing FlhF, which is inconsistent with the previous model. We propose that cytoplasmic FlhG and HubP-anchored polar FlhG negatively regulate flagellar formation through two independent schemes.
The Hamilton Depression Scale (1981)

The consistency of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) as a measure of the severity of depressive states has been examined when the scale was used weekly during a trial when imipramine. By use of logistic models (Rasch) the consistency of the HDS has been considered across patient-variables as age, sex, plasma levels of imipramine, and diagnosis. The results showed that the original 17-item HDS was without adequate consistency, i.e. the total score of the sample of items was no one-dimensional measure of depressive states. However, a melancholia subscale of the HDS contained items the total of which can be used to compare patients quantitatively, although in some part of the analysis one of these items showed ceiling effect. It was concluded that the melancholia subscale (containing the items depressed mood, guilt, work and interests, retardation, psychic anxiety, and general somatic symptoms) can form the basis for further improvements in the field of quantitative rating scales for depressive states.
Analysis of Lymphoepithelioma and Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinomas for Epstein-Barr Viral Genomes by in situ Hybridization (1989)

Lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx has a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). To test the hypothesis that lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas occurring at other sites are also associated with EBV virus, we used in situ hybridization to analyze 20 cases of lymphoepithelioma and histologically similar lesions and five basaloid squamous cell carcinomas for evidence of EBV genomes. EBV genomes were demonstrated in six of six lymphoepitheliomas of the nasopharynx but in none of five basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. Only one of 14 lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas was found to contain EBV genomes. The single positive lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma occurred in the lung of an Asian patient, suggesting that ethnic or geographic influences may be important in determining whether EBV is associated with these nonnasopharyngeal neoplasms. Despite their histologic similarity, most lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas probably have a different pathogenesis from nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma.
Peptide mass fingerprinting of chaperonin‐containing TCP‐1 (CCT) and copurifying proteins (1996)

The chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT), found in the eukaryotic cytosol, is currently the focus of extensive research, CCT isolated from mouse testis lysate sediments at 20S in a sucrose gradient and accounts for about 70% of the total protein in this fraction. We intend to identify all the other proteins that copurify with CCT and to compile a reference profile for future studies. Their identification can be accelerated by a combination of protease digestion, matrix-assisted laser desorption-mass spectrometry, and database matching known as peptide mass fingerprinting. We applied this strategy to 32 polypeptides resolved by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and 23 known proteins and 6 novel proteins were identified. We analyzed isoelectric variants of the CCT subunits and differences in the peptide mass spectra of two CCT theta isoforms indicated a novel posttranslational modification of this subunit.
Analysis of the dynamic <b><i>Bacillus subtilis</i></b> Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphoproteome implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes (2006)

The physiological role of proteins phosphorylated on serine/threonine/tyrosine (Ser/Thr/Tyr) residues or the identity of the corresponding kinases and phosphatases is generally poorly understood in bacteria. As a first step in analysing the importance of such phosphorylation, we sought to establish the nature of the Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphoproteome in Bacillus subtilis, using in vivo labelling with [(32)P]-orthophosphate, one-unit pH 2-DE, combined with MS. Highly reproducible 2-D profiles of phosphoproteins were obtained with early stationary-phase cells. The 2-D profiles contained at least 80 clearly labelled spots in the pH range 4-7. Forty-six spots were analysed by MS (confirmed in most cases by LC-MS/MS), identifying a total of 29 different proteins, with 19 identified for the first time as bacterial phosphoproteins. These phosphoproteins are implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including carbon and energy metabolism, transport, stress and development. Significant changes to the profiles were obtained as a result of cold, heat or osmotic shock, demonstrating that, in stationary-phase cells, the phosphoproteome is dynamic. An initial comparative study indicated that at least 25 [(32)P]-labelled spots were also stained by Pro-Q Diamond, with apparently six additional phosphoproteins uniquely detected by Pro-Q.
DEFECT SIZING BY LOCAL EXCITATION THERMOGRAPHY (2011)

In this article, we present a measurement procedure to gain information about depth and angle of surface braking cracks. The method is based on a local excitation with, e.g., a laser. The resulting surface temperature is recorded with an infrared camera. Based on this data, crack-caused anisotropies in the lateral heat flow can be detected and exploited to characterise the cracks. The experimental set-up is based on a Nd:YAG laser for heating and a high-speed infrared camera (InSb FPA, 3 to 5 µm) providing a frame rate of up to 500 Hz. Up to now, only qualitative information was gained from measurements of this type, whereas the local transient behaviour of temperature distribution provides also quantitative information of the crack parameters. Using FEM simulation we can show herein that it is possible to simultaneously resolve the angle and depth and, in particular, the depth of non-perpendicular cracks.
Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 proteins inhibit differentiation-dependent expression of transforming growth factor-beta2 in cervical keratinocytes. (2000)

Infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) represents a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. The HPV-16 E6 and E7 proteins are highly expressed in differentiating keratinocytes, where they inactivate the p53 and retinoblastoma (pRb) proteins, two important transcriptional regulators. We have used cDNA expression arrays to identify global alterations in gene expression induced by E6 and E7 in differentiating cultures of human cervical keratinocytes. We show that E6 and E7 decrease expression of TGF-beta2 mRNA and alter expression of multiple TGF-beta-responsive genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling. E6 and E7 inhibited expression of TGF-beta2 RNA 7-fold (relative effectiveness, E6/ E7 > E6 > E7 > control) and decreased secretion of biologically active TGF-beta2 by 70-80% (reduced from 70 to 10 pg/10(6) cells/24 h). Downregulation occurred through p53- and pRb-dependent pathways. In contrast, E6 and E7 did not alter expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3. Down-regulation of TGF-beta2 was biologically relevant because the addition of recombinant cytokine (10-200 pg/ml) to E6/E7-expressing cells restored expression of TGF-P-responsive genes, inhibited growth of keratinocytes, and decreased immortalization by E6 and E7. These results suggest that TGF-32- and TGF-3-responsive genes are important targets for the HPV-16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins in differentiating cervical keratinocytes.