gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A TCP friendly, rate-based mechanism for NACK-oriented reliable multicast congestion control (2002)

We describe ongoing work in adding congestion control extensions to an existing negative acknowledgement (NACK) oriented reliable multicast protocol. Our previous work adopted and used the concept of a dynamic worst path representative (WPR) receiver for equation-based rate adaptation at the multicast source. We have further refined this approach. We present a design overview and simulation results of these extensions within a working reliable multicast protocol (MDP-CC, multicast dissemination protocol congestion control). Our analysis of interflow fairness with steady state TCP unicast sessions demonstrates friendly behavior across a set of scenarios. Testing with more dynamic TCP flows and more complex topologies demonstrates the WPR approach adapts well to changing congestion conditions.
Thermally robust Ta-doped Ni SALICIDE process promising for sub-50 nm CMOSFETs (2004)

For sub-50 nm device application, Self-Aligned siLICIDE (SALICIDE) process by NiTa alloy has been developed for the first time. Use of NiTa-alloy makes nickel silicide on 50 nm gate thermally-robust up to 600/spl deg/C during device fabrication. NiTa SALICIDE process can also achieve excellent value and distribution of sheet resistance on 30 nm gate as well as low junction leakage current compared to Co SALICIDE. Furthermore, the drive current of PMOS is greatly increased. As a result, high-performance 90 nm MOSFETs is successfully integrated with NiTa SALICIDE process.
Prediction of state of charge of Lithium-ion rechargeable battery with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy theory (2010)

For the purpose of predicting the state of charge of Lithium-ion rechargeable battery accurately, we introduced the method of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to solve the problem. The experiment data of impedance spectroscopy is comprised of an inductive arc in the high-frequency region and two capacitive arcs in the low-frequency region, and by which the reasonable equivalent circuit of battery was established. The component parameters obtained at several state of charge values of the battery had been analyzed by a non-linear least-squares fitting procedure and some electrochemical knowledge. Through researching the changing regulation of parameters with the different States of charge, the frequency of maximum of the semicircle (f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> ), the phase angle ø, the equivalent series capacitance (C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> ) had been substantiated to be the suitable parameters for analyzing and predicting the state of charge values of the lithium-ion battery.
An automated atmospheric sampling system operating on 747 airliners (1975)

An air sampling system that automatically measures the temporal and spatial distribution of selected particulate and gaseous constituents of the atmosphere has been installed on a number of commercial airliners and is collecting data on commercial air routes covering the world. Measurements of constituents related to aircraft engine emissions and other pollutants are made in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (6 to 12 km) in support of the Global Air Sampling Program (GASP). Aircraft operated by different airlines sample air at latitudes from the Arctic to Australia. This system includes specialized instrumentation for measuring carbon monoxide, ozone, water vapor, and particulates, a special air inlet probe for sampling outside air, a computerized automatic control, and a data acquisition system. Air constituents and related flight data are tape recorded in flight for later computer processing on the ground.
Water-cooled crystal and multilayer optics for a wiggler beamline (1998)

A set of internally water-cooled multilayers were fabricated for the double crystal monochromator of the A2 wiggler beamline at CHESS. With over 3 kW total deposited on the first multilayer, conventional contact cooled multilayers proved unable to cope with the incident heat load. Cooled silicon substrates were fabricated with internal water cooling channels to reduce or eliminate thermal distortion. The highly polished top surfaces were coated with a sputtered W/C or W/B<SUB>4</SUB>C multilayer film deposited at the Advanced Photon Source and Osmic, Inc. respectively. Measured reflectivities over 60% and bandwidths of 1.3 - 1.8% were obtained. Results to beam currents of 250 mA show the effectiveness of the internal cooling design and have provided x-ray fluxes of 1 X 10<SUP>13</SUP> photons/sec/mm<SUP>2</SUP>.
EFFECTS OF SEED INOCULATION METHODS WITH PEAT-BASED <i>RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI</i> ON ALFALFA (1975)

Saranac alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was grown on Charlottetown fine sandy loam (CHFSL) and Culloden sandy loam (CSL) in the greenhouse and field. Uninoculated, inoculated with peat-based rhizobia (I), inoculated and molybdenum-treated (IMo), inoculated and lime-coated (ILC), and inoculated, lime-coated and Mo-treated (ILCMo) seeds were included. At soil pH 5.0 and 5.3 in the greenhouse, the dry weights of alfalfa ranged from 214 to 727 mg/plant in the four cuttings from the ILC and ILCMo seed. The dry weights of alfalfa from the I and IMo seed were 1.3 to 99.7% of those from the ILCMo seed. Alfalfa from the ILC and ILCMo seed was well nodulated, whereas I and IMo seed resulted in poor nodulation. The 1973 field experiment showed that ILC and ILCMo seed at soil pH 5.5 and 5.6 resulted in alfalfa dry matter (DM) yields of 4,050 and 4,830 kg/ha which were equal to DM yields from plots with a pH of 6.0 and 6.1 seeded with inoculated seed. In plots with pH 5.5 and 5.6, total DM yields from I and IMo seed were 26.0–49.7% lower than those from ILCMo seed. In 1972, seed treatments on CHFSL at pH 5.6 did not influence the DM yields of alfalfa, whereas on CSL at pH 5.2 the crop failed to establish except from ILC and ILCMo seed and in limed plots at pH 5.9. In the first cutting, high N concentrations of alfalfa tissue coincided with good growth and good nodulation. The Mo concentrations of alfalfa tissue were not influenced in a uniform manner by seed treatments and varied from 0.11 to 0.49 ppm in the first cut tissue.
Modulation of macrophage scavenger receptor transport by protein phosphorylation (1996)

The identification of three highly conserved phosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic domain of each of the monomeric subunits of the macrophage scavenger receptor suggests that protein phosphorylation may regulate this receptor pathway. To investigate this, mouse peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with either the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid or the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine to modulate cellular protein phosphorylation and their effects on the metabolism of acetyl-LDL were measured. Both okadaic acid and staurosporine inhibited the degradation of acetyl-low density lipoprotein (LDL) without affecting cellular lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The inhibition by okadaic acid was due to a 70% decrease in acetyl-LDL binding whereas post-receptor processing was minimally affected. Calyculin A, another serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor, also reduced acetyl-LDL binding, whereas lithium chloride, an inositol phosphatase inhibitor, did not. Okadaic acid did not decrease steady state receptor mRNA levels nor decrease the number of total cellular receptors, consistent with a posttranslational mechanism of action. Interestingly, protease sensitivity studies showed that the receptors were still located on the cell surface. These studies suggest that okadaic acid inhibits acetyl-LDL binding by causing the redistribution of surface receptors into a sequestered compartment or inactivating the receptors. In contrast, staurosporine produced a paradoxical increase in receptor expression (30%) but slowed post-receptor processing (2.3-fold decrease). The latter was due to an inhibition of ligand internalization (2.9-fold decrease) via a protein kinase C-independent mechanism. Macrophage pinocytosis was also slowed by staurosporine (38% decrease); however, this does not appear to account for the inhibition of scavenger receptor internalization. Direct receptor phosphorylation was also slowed by staurosporine (38% decrease); however, this does not appear to account for the inhibition of scavenger receptor internalization. Direct receptor phosphorylation was also investigated and it was established that the receptor can be phosphorylated; however, changes in receptor function did not correlate with changes in the degree of receptor phosphorylation. Together these studies demonstrate that changes in cellular protein phosphorylation affect the expression, surface transport, and internalization of the macrophage scavenger receptor and suggest that the regulated phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of cellular proteins may be an important biochemical mechanism that controls normal processing of ligands by this receptor pathway.
Die geschwefelten Anilide der Oxalsäure und ihre Umwandlungsproducte (1904)

C! kennen wir nur zwei, das von W a l l a c h l ) durcb Einwirkung von Schwefelwasserstoff auf Oxanilidchlorid hergestellte, uber nicht niiher
Cytokine and contact-dependent activation of natural killer cells by influenza A or Sendai virus-infected macrophages (2004)

NK cells participate in innate immune responses by secreting gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and by destroying virus-infected cells. Here the interaction between influenza A or Sendai virus-infected macrophages and NK cells has been studied. A rapid, cell-cell contact-dependent production of IFN-gamma from NK cells cultured with virus-infected macrophages was observed. Expression of the MHC class I-related chain B (MICB) gene, a ligand for NK cell-activating receptor NKG2D, was upregulated in virus-infected macrophages suggesting a role for MICB in the activation of the IFN-gamma gene in NK cells. IL12Rbeta2, IL18R and T-bet mRNA synthesis was enhanced in NK cells cultured with virus-infected macrophages. Upregulation of these genes was dependent on macrophage-derived IFN-alpha. In contrast to IL12Rbeta2, expression of WSX-1/TCCR, a receptor for IL27, was reduced in NK cells in response to virus-induced IFN-alpha. In conclusion, these results show that virus-infected macrophages activate NK cells via cytokines and direct cellular interactions and further emphasize the role of IFN-alpha in the activation of innate immunity.
A reconstruction algorithm with iterative reconstruction-reprojection and an FIR filter (2005)

Some approaches, which include iterative reconstruction-reprojection (IRR), projection space iteration reconstruction-reprojection (PSIRR) and other interpolation methods, have already been proposed for the reconstruction of fields including opaque objects. In the IRR, the interpolation operation is performed in the object space during backprojection-reprojection. The errors associated with the interpolation degrade the reconstructed image and may cause divergence unless a large number of rays and views are adopted. In the research of optical test, the testing views are often limited; therefore, the results are usually poor when using the IRR to reconstruct the fields including opaque objects. To improve the reconstruction precision in this case, a new approach is proposed, which is based on the discrete IRR algorithm and the finite impulse response (FIR) lowpass filer (DIRRLF). This filer is used to process the reprojection data between the iterative reconstruction and the reprojection stages. Different window functions and bandwidths are adopted for the lowpass filter. The compared reconstruction results of discrete IRR algorithm and DIRRLF algorithm for an asymmetrical single-peak simulation field including a circle round opaque object are studied with the numerical simulation of computer. The results show that this algorithm has higher reconstruction precision than the discrete IRR algorithm and has a potential application of reconstructing real three-dimensional fields including opaque objects.
Tissue‐Engineered Vocal Fold Mucosa Implantation in Rabbits (2016)

TE-VFMs were successfully implanted into 8 rabbits, with minor evidence of scar formation and immune reaction. Vibration was preserved 4 weeks after resecting and reconstructing the complete vocal fold cover layer. Further studies will investigate the mechanism and durability of improvement. TE-VFM with autologous cells is a promising new approach for vocal fold reconstruction.
Pyroelectric waste heat energy harvesting using relaxor ferroelectric 8/65/35 PLZT and the Olsen cycle (2012)

Waste heat can be directly converted into electrical energy by performing the Olsen cycle on pyroelectric materials. The Olsen cycle consists of two isothermal and two isoelectric field processes in the electric displacement versus electric field diagram. This paper reports on the electrical energy generated by lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate (8/65/35 PLZT) subjected to the Olsen cycle. The material was alternately dipped into a cold and a hot silicone oil bath under specified electric fields. A maximum energy density of 888 J l−1/cycle was obtained with a 290 µm thick 8/65/35 PLZT sample for temperatures between 25 and 160 °C and electric fields cycled between 0.2 and 7.5 MV m−1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest pyroelectric energy density experimentally measured with multiple cycles. It corresponded to a power density of 15.8 W l−1. The electrical breakdown strength and therefore the energy and power densities of the material increased as the sample thickness was reduced from 720 to 290 µm. Furthermore, a physical model for estimating the energy harvested by ferroelectric relaxors was further validated against experimental data for a wide range of electric fields and temperatures.
NAG: Neural Feature Aggregation Framework for Credit Card Fraud Detection (2020)

The state-of-the-art feature-engineering method for fraud classification of electronic payments uses manually engineered feature aggregates, i.e. descriptive statistics of the transaction history. However, this approach has limitations, primarily that of being dependent on expensive human expert knowledge. There have been attempts to replace manual aggregation through automatic feature extraction approaches. They, however, do not consider the specific structure of the manual aggregates. In this paper, we define the novel Neural Aggregate Generator (NAG), a neural network based feature extraction module that learns feature aggregates end-to-end on the fraud classification task. In contrast to other automatic feature extraction approaches, the network architecture of the NAG closely mimics the structure of feature aggregates. Furthermore, the NAG extends learnable aggregates over traditional ones through soft feature value matching, and relative weighting of the importance of different feature constraints. We compare the performance of the NAG to the state-of-the-art approaches on a real-world dataset with millions of transactions. More precisely, we show that features generated with the NAG lead to improved results over manual aggregates for fraud classification, thus demonstrating its viability to replace them. Moreover, we compare the NAG to other automatic approaches such as the LSTM or a generic CNN. Here we also observe improved results, with the NAG requiring far less parameters. Unlike the LSTM or the CNN, our approach also provides further interpretability through the inspection of its parameters.
Ablation of TrkA function in the immune system causes B cell abnormalities (2004)

The nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor TrkA is widely expressed in non-neural tissues suggesting pleiotropic functions outside the nervous system. Based on pharmacological and immuno-depletion experiments, it has been hypothesized that NGF plays an important role in the normal development and function of the immune system. However, attempts to unravel these functions by conventional gene targeting in mice have been hampered by the early postnatal lethality caused by null mutations. We have developed a novel 'reverse conditional' gene targeting strategy by which TrkA function is restored specifically in the nervous system. Mice lacking TrkA in non-neuronal tissues are viable and appear grossly normal. All major immune system cell populations are present in normal numbers and distributions. However, mutant mice have elevated serum levels of certain immunoglobulin classes and accumulate B1 cells with aging. These data, confirmed in a classical reconstitution model using embryonic fetal liver from TrkA-null mice, demonstrate that endogenous NGF modulates B cell development through TrkA in vivo. Furthermore, they demonstrate that many of the dramatic effects previously reported by pharmacological or immuno-depletion approaches do not reflect physiological developmental roles of TrkA in the immune system.
Elution fractionation of atactic and isotactic polypropylene (1962)

Abstract Procedures and an apparatus for the elution fractionation of polypropylenes are described. The isotactic polymer is precipitated onto a sand column from p ‐xylene solution by cooling slowly from 126°C. to room temperature. After removal of the solvent and the atactic fraction soluble at room temperature, the column is heated to 156°C. Fractions are eluted with mixtures of a high boiling hydrocarbon fraction as solvent and 10% ethylene glycol in 2‐butoxyethanol as nonsolvent. The dissolving power of the eluents is periodically increased to fractionate the polymer. Upward solvent flow is used. Recovery is usually quantitative, and good reproducibility is demonstrated. Polymer degradation during fractionation has been reduced to generally less than 5% by suitable techniques. Molecular weight distribution curves for three samples are shown. Good selectivity is established by the fact that the ratio of the molecular weight of the highest to that of the lowest fraction is usually in the range of 50 to 200. A description of the fractionation of atactic polypropylene is given also. The atactic material was used to show the effect of depositing the polymer selectively or randomly on the surface of the support as well as the effect of diffusion on fractionation efficiency.
Retirement centers: opportunities for the astute hospital investor. (1985)

As the population continues to age, several different forms of living arrangements will be necessary to accommodate various levels of need. Retirement communities fill the gap between living alone and living in a long-term care facility. This article reviews the market potential, past industry performance, industry structure changes, and factors for success in developing a hospital sponsored retirement community.
Recycling Asphalt Pavements, Ellensburg, Washington (1978)

This asphalt concrete recycling project, the first attempted by the Washington State Department of Transportation, seems so far to be very successful. The project looks good from a standpoint of economy, energy use, conservation of natural resources, feasibility of construction, and from an evaluation of the test data obtained to date. Certain pitfalls seem to exist when using this type of a recycling process, such as selection of the proper rejuvenator, degrading of the aggregates, pollution, proper amounts of new aggregate, and other minor problems. Properly conducted preliminary testing and design can avoid a multitude of these pitfalls. Future asphalt concrete recycling will most likely be a definite consideration in the rehabilitation of asphalt concrete highways in Washington. In fact, one project has already been scheduled for recycling in 1978 construction, with a number of additional pavements being considered for 1979 construction.
Distinct Activities of the α-Catenin Family, α-Catulin and α-Catenin, on β-Catenin-Mediated Signaling (2004)

Alpha-catenin, an integral part of cadherin-catenin adhesion complexes, is a major binding partner of beta-catenin, a key component of the Wnt pathway, which activates T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) transcription and is often upregulated in cancers. Recently, we identified an alpha-catenin-related protein, alpha-catulin, whose function is poorly understood, as part of a Rho GTPase signaling complex. Here, based on evidence suggesting that alpha-catulin may associate with a beta-catenin fraction, we investigated the role of alpha-catenin family members in beta-catenin-mediated signals. Expression of the full length or a 103-residue region of alpha-catenin strongly inhibits the induction of the TCF/LEF-responsive TOPFLASH reporter in HEK293T cells expressing activated beta-catenin or in cancer cells with constitutively upregulated Wnt signaling, whereas alpha-catulin expression had no effect. Interestingly, alpha-catulin expression attenuates the activation of the cyclin D1 promoter, a target of Wnt pathway signals. Alpha-catulin appears to inhibit Ras-mediated signals to the cyclin D1 promoter, rather than beta-catenin signals, and the synergy between Ras and beta-catenin required to fully activate this promoter. Data suggesting the involvement of Rho in this response are presented and discussed. These results suggest a novel function for alpha-catulin and imply that alpha-catenin and alpha-catulin have distinct activities that downregulate, respectively, beta-catenin and Ras signals converging on the cyclin D1 promoter.
Detection of cell detachment activity induced by Moraxella bovis (2000)

Moraxella bovis produces a soluble factor that causes reversible detachment of cultured cells. This activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.
Differential patterns of cortical activation as a function of fluid reasoning complexity (2007)

Fluid intelligence (gf) refers to abstract reasoning and problem solving abilities. It is considered a human higher cognitive factor central to general intelligence (g). The regions of the cortex supporting gf have been revealed by recent bioimaging studies and valuable hypothesis on the neural correlates of individual differences have been proposed. However, little is known about the interaction between individual variability in gf and variation in cortical activity following task complexity increase. To further investigate this, two samples of participants (high-IQ, N = 8; low-IQ, N = 10) with significant differences in gf underwent two reasoning (moderate and complex) tasks and a control task adapted from the Raven progressive matrices. Functional magnetic resonance was used and the recorded signal analyzed between and within the groups. The present study revealed two opposite patterns of neural activity variation which were probably a reflection of the overall differences in cognitive resource modulation: when complexity increased, high-IQ subjects showed a signal enhancement in some frontal and parietal regions, whereas low-IQ subjects revealed a decreased activity in the same areas. Moreover, a direct comparison between the groups' activation patterns revealed a greater neural activity in the low-IQ sample when conducting moderate task, with a strong involvement of medial and lateral frontal regions thus suggesting that the recruitment of executive functioning might be different between the groups. This study provides evidence for neural differences in facing reasoning complexity among subjects with different gf level that are mediated by specific patterns of activation of the underlying fronto-parietal network.