gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunochemical measurement of lipoprotein-X. (1974)

Lipoprotein-X, an abnormal lipoprotein that is specific for cholestasis, was quantitated by immunochemical methods. Interfering lipoproteins also present in normal serum and sharing antigenic determinants with lipoprotein-X were removed before the sample was applied, by precipitation with purified anti-lipoprotein B or a γ-globulin fraction of specific lipoprotein B antiserum. On Laurell electrophoresis, peak height was linearly related to lipoprotein-X concentration in the range 0.20-10 g/liter of serum. Sensitivity could be increased further by staining the plates. The coefficient of variation was less than 5%. Single radial immunodiffusion (Mancini et al. technique) was somewhat less sensitive and accurate. Results were available after 3 h by Laurell9s electroimmunodiffusion technique, and after 72 h by the technique of Mancini et al. Equivalent results were obtained for samples of lipoprotein-X of extrahepatic or intrahepatic origin.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Templates for Nanowire Conducting Probes (2003)

We describe a method for the formation of metal nanowires at the apex of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) tips using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) as templates. The SWNT-SPM tips are sputter coated with metal, here AuPd or Au, resulting in the formation of continuous nanowires as small as 30 nm in diameter and up to a few micrometers in length. In principle, nanowires of any metal, or indeed any material, compatible with the sputter-coating process could be formed. AuPd nanowire tips are shown to be robust enough to allow conducting-mode imaging, over prolonged periods of time, with measured electrical resistance through the AuPd nanowires of less than 10 kΩ and currents of up to 200 μA. The simplicity of this method and its general applicability to the formation of nanowires of a variety of materials make it a promising technique for the formation of a range of nanoelectrodes as well as scanning probes.
<title>Mechanisms of local laser-induced front transfer of films</title> (1993)

Peculiarities of the technique of the local laser-induced front transfer (LIFT) of thin films are investigated. Possible mechanisms of tearing-off and transference of the films from the donor substrate (target) to the acceptor one are considered. Thermal, gas-dynamical and hydrodynamical models are proposed for explanation and numerical estimation of a number of effects observed with local laser film deposition. Applications of the LIFT method are considered.
Conceptual biology, hypothesis discovery, and text mining: Swanson's legacy (2006)

Innovative biomedical librarians and information specialists who want to expand their roles as expert searchers need to know about profound changes in biology and parallel trends in text mining. In recent years, conceptual biology has emerged as a complement to empirical biology. This is partly in response to the availability of massive digital resources such as the network of databases for molecular biologists at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Developments in text mining and hypothesis discovery systems based on the early work of Swanson, a mathematician and information scientist, are coincident with the emergence of conceptual biology. Very little has been written to introduce biomedical digital librarians to these new trends. In this paper, background for data and text mining, as well as for knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) and in text (KDT) is presented, then a brief review of Swanson's ideas, followed by a discussion of recent approaches to hypothesis discovery and testing. 'Testing' in the context of text mining involves partially automated methods for finding evidence in the literature to support hypothetical relationships. Concluding remarks follow regarding (a) the limits of current strategies for evaluation of hypothesis discovery systems and (b) the role of literature-based discovery in concert with empirical research. Report of an informatics-driven literature review for biomarkers of systemic lupus erythematosus is mentioned. Swanson's vision of the hidden value in the literature of science and, by extension, in biomedical digital databases, is still remarkably generative for information scientists, biologists, and physicians.
Immunologic memory to phosphorylcholine. II. PC-KLH induces two antibody populations that dominate different isotypes. (1982)

We examined the fine specificity of the memory response to phosphorylcholine (PC) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that measures the relative abilities of PC analogs to inhibit the binding of antibody to antigen. Along with the usual haptens (phosphorylcholine, L-alpha-glycerophosphorylcholine, and choline) these studies included as an inhibitor p-nitrophenyl phosphorylcholine, a compound that is homologous to the structure of the PC antigen in a protein conjugate. Evaluation of the fine specificity profiles revealed two populations of antibody elicited by PC-KLH, which were unequally dominant among the various immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclasses. Group I antibodies exhibited a similar or slightly greater avidity for PC than for NPPC and constituted the majority of IgM, IgA, and IgG3 antibodies. Group II antibodies, which were expressed primarily by IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibodies, possessed significant avidity only for NPPC. Possible mechanisms that would link IgM, IgA, and IgG3 to similar variable regions while excluding IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b from the same grouping are discussed.
Expression of a splice variant of KAI1, a tumor metastasis suppressor gene, influences tumor invasion and progression. (2003)

KAI1 (CD82) belongs to the transmembrane 4 superfamily in which members have inhibitory effects on tumor cell motility and metastasis. During reverse transcription-PCR analysis, we found a splice variant of KAI1 (spliced-KAI1) in which exon 7 was deleted. This exon encodes the 28 amino acids that span from the distal part of the second extracellular loop to the proximal part of the fourth transmembrane region. Expression of spliced-KAI1 was observed in metastatic tissues of gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis after operation. Genomic DNA analysis revealed that this variant was derived from the alternative splicing of exon 7. Immunoprecipitation showed that the interaction of spliced-KAI1 with integrin alpha(3)beta(1) was weaker than that of wild-type KAI1. Wild-type KAI1, but not spliced-KAI1, colocalized with E-cadherin, an adherens junction protein. Also, mouse colon adenocarcinoma cells stably expressing spliced-KAI1 (CT-26/spliced-KAI1) showed increased in vivo tumorigenicity, as well as increased in vitro invasive potential and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion compared with wild-type KAI1-expressing cells. In metastatic lung and liver tissues from mice inoculated with CT-26/spliced-KAI1 cells, the expression of wild-type KAI1 was nearly absent and spliced-KAI1 was dominant, and weak interaction of KAI1 with integrin alpha(3)beta(1) was observed. These results indicate that there is a functional difference between wild-type KAI1 and spliced-KAI1 in respect to cell motility, adhesion, tumor growth and metastasis, and expression of spliced-KAI1 may be a marker for poor prognostic factors in gastric and other cancers.
Evaluation of a Flow Cytometry‐Based Assay for Natural Killer Cell Activity in Clinical Settings (2011)

Natural killer (NK) cells are not only important in first line defence against viral and bacterial infections, but also in immune surveillance of malignant cells and thus NK cell cytotoxicity is primary indicator of immune function. Although chromium release assay is recognized as 'gold standard' for measuring NK cell activity, it has disadvantages like use of radioactive compounds, poor loading and high spontaneous release. It is difficult to perform this assay in clinical laboratory because of difficulties with disposal of radioactive waste and standardization problems. We describe a flow cytometry-based assay for the measurement of NK cell activity by incorporating fluorescent dye, DiO, into membranes of target cells. NK cell activity was measured at baseline, 1 and 4 weeks follow-up in 20 normal healthy individuals on a dietary supplement immunomodulator to enhance NK cell function. Mean baseline NK cell activity percentage (21.5; SD = 9.3) increased significantly to a maximum level at 1 week (31.3%; SD = 7.9; P = 0.007) and then returned to baseline level at 4 weeks (21.5; SD = 8.3). An important feature of flow cytometry-based assays is its ability to discriminate effector cells from target cells, and potential for explaining molecular interactions underlying target cell lysis. Under clinical settings, this assay will be of interest for frequently monitoring immunological status of patients on treatment for various diseases that affect their immune status. The assay is easy to perform without using radioactive material and thus could become a tool for monitoring pathogenesis and immune reconstitution.
Omnidirectional terahertz mirrors: A key element for future terahertz communication systems (2006)

We present an omnidirectional mirror for the terahertz range made from polypropylene and high-resistivity silicon. The structure is characterized by time-domain terahertz spectroscopy. The experimental data are in good agreement with transfer matrix calculations. In the frequency band between 319 and 375GHz the mirror is highly reflecting for all incidence angles and s as well as p polarization.
Prognostics and Health Management of Electronics by Utilizing Environmental and Usage Loads (2006)

Prognostics and health management (PHM) is a method that permits the reliability of a system to be evaluated in its actual application conditions. Thus by determining the advent of failure, procedures can be developed to mitigate, manage and maintain the system. Since, electronic systems control most systems today and their reliability is usually critical for system reliability, PHM techniques are needed for electronics. To enable prognostics, a methodology was developed to extract load-parameters required for damage assessment from irregular time-load data. As a part of the methodology an algorithm that extracts cyclic range and means, ramp-rates, dwell-times, dwell-loads and correlation between load parameters was developed. The algorithm enables significant reduction of the time-load data without compromising features that are essential for damage estimation. The load-parameters are stored in bins with a-priori calculated (optimal) bin-width. The binned data is then used with Gaussian kernel function for density estimation of the load-parameter for use in damage assessment and prognostics. The method was shown to accurately extract the desired load-parameters and enable condensed storage of load histories, thus improving resource efficiency of the sensor nodes. An approach was developed to assess the impact of uncertainties in measurement, model-input, and damage-models on prognostics. The approach utilizes sensitivity analysis to identify the dominant input variables that influence the model-output, and uses the distribution of measured load-parameters and input variables in a Monte-Carlo simulation to provide a distribution of accumulated damage. Using regression analysis of the accumulated damage distributions, the remaining life is then predicted with confidence intervals. The proposed method was demonstrated using an experimental setup for predicting interconnect failures on electronic board subjected to field conditions. A failure precursor based approach was developed for remaining life prognostics by analyzing resistance data in conjunction with usage temperature loads. Using the data from the PHM experiment, a model was developed to estimate the resistance based on measured temperature values. The difference between actual and estimated resistance value in time-domain were analyzed to predict the onset and progress of interconnect degradation. Remaining life was predicted by trending several features including mean-peaks, kurtosis, and 95% cumulative-values of the resistance-drift distributions.
Diabetes Enhances Periodontal Bone Loss through Enhanced Resorption and Diminished Bone Formation (2006)

Using a ligature-induced model in type-2 Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat and normoglycemic littermates, we investigated whether diabetes primarily affects periodontitis by enhancing bone loss or by limiting osseous repair. Diabetes increased the intensity and duration of the inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.05). The formation of osteoclasts and percent eroded bone after 7 days of ligature placement was similar, while four days after removal of ligatures, the type 2 diabetic group had significantly higher osteoclast numbers and activity (P < 0.05). The amount of new bone formation following resorption was 2.4- to 2.9-fold higher in normoglycemic vs. diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Diabetes also increased apoptosis and decreased the number of bone-lining cells, osteoblasts, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (P < 0.05). Thus, diabetes caused a more persistent inflammatory response, greater loss of attachment and more alveolar bone resorption, and impaired new bone formation. The latter may be affected by increased apoptosis of bone-lining and PDL cells.
Survey propagation: an algorithm for satisfiability (2002)

We study the satisfiability of randomly generated formulas formed by $M$ clauses of exactly $K$ literals over $N$ Boolean variables. For a given value of $N$ the problem is known to be most difficult with $α=M/N$ close to the experimental threshold $α_c$ separating the region where almost all formulas are SAT from the region where all formulas are UNSAT. Recent results from a statistical physics analysis suggest that the difficulty is related to the existence of a clustering phenomenon of the solutions when $α$ is close to (but smaller than) $α_c$. We introduce a new type of message passing algorithm which allows to find efficiently a satisfiable assignment of the variables in the difficult region. This algorithm is iterative and composed of two main parts. The first is a message-passing procedure which generalizes the usual methods like Sum-Product or Belief Propagation: it passes messages that are surveys over clusters of the ordinary messages. The second part uses the detailed probabilistic information obtained from the surveys in order to fix variables and simplify the problem. Eventually, the simplified problem that remains is solved by a conventional heuristic.
Code Division-Based Sensing of Illumination Contributions in Solid-State Lighting Systems (2009)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as a prime candidate for the light source of the future. To enable easy user interaction with a future lighting system consisting of many LEDs, this paper proposes a method to accurately measure and estimate the local light contributions of a large set of LEDs. This is enabled through tagging the light of each LED with an unique identifier. To this end, we propose a new family of modulation and multiple access schemes in this paper, named code-time division multiple access-pulse position modulation (CTDMA-PPM) and CTDMA-pulse width modulation (CTDMA-PWM). These schemes satisfy illumination constraints, are compatible with the commonly used PWM dimming of LEDs, and meet the multi-signal separation requirements for simultaneous measurement of illumination strengths. Based on these modulation methods, the paper develops algorithms to estimate illumination. Finally, performance analyses show that even for a very large number of LEDs, the sensing performance of the proposed system satisfies the requirements up to an adequate range.
Synthesis of azocine derivatives from thio aldehyde Diels-Alder adducts (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of azocine derivatives from thio aldehyde Diels-Alder adductsE. Vedejs and J. S. StultsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 10, 2226–2232Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00245a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00245a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1198Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SQNR Estimation of Fixed-Point DSP Algorithms (2010)

A fast and accurate quantization noise estimator aiming at fixed-point implementations of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms is presented. The estimator enables significant reduction in the computation time required to perform complex word-length optimizations. The proposed estimator is based on the use of Affine Arithmetic (AA) and it is presented in two versions: (i) a general version suitable for differentiable nonlinear algorithms, and Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) algorithms with and without feedbacks; and (ii) an LTI optimized version. The process relies on the parameterization of the statistical properties of the noise at the output of fixed-point algorithms. Once the output noise is parameterized (i.e., related to the fixed-point formats of the algorithm signals), a fast estimation can be applied throughout the word-length optimization process using as a precision metric the Signal-to-Quantization Noise Ratio (SQNR). The estimator is tested using different LTI filters and transforms, as well as a subset of non-linear operations, such as vector operations, adaptive filters, and a channel equalizer. Fixed-point optimization times are boosted by three orders of magnitude while keeping the average estimation error down to 4%.
Nano‐embossed Hollow Spherical TiO<sub>2</sub> as Bifunctional Material for High‐Efficiency Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2007)

Nano-embossed hollow spherical (NeHS) TiO2 that features both good light scattering and charge generation shows a very promising performance in high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. A bilayered film structure having the bifunctional NeHS TiO2 particulate film as an overlayer exhibits conversion efficiencies as high as 10.34 % under AM-1.5G one sun light intensity.
Postcrosslinking of linear polyesters. I melt‐blend‐type UV‐induced crosslinking agents (1988)

Abstract Postcrosslinking of such linear polyesters as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) are known to be attractive means to improve their thermal resistances without sacrificing their melt processibilities. Effective melt‐blend‐type ultraviolet‐induced crosslinking agents were investigated among allyl compounds. Such polyallyl compounds as triallyl cyanurate and triallyl isocyanurate were found to be practically promising agents from the viewpoints of crosslinkability and stability in the polyester melt. The crosslinkability of the ally compounds increased with increasing the number of the allyl groups in the molecule and electron‐withdrawing property of the neighboring group to which the allyl group was attached. The crosslinking mechanism likely includes both the polymerization of the allyl compound to form semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks in the polyester matrix and the reaction between the polyester and the allyl compound moiety. The crosslinked PET and PBT showed good mechanical properties even above the melting points of the ordinary PET and PBT.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Polymers on Residual Oil Saturation (2016)

Abstract Polymer flooding is a widely used commercial process with a low cost per barrel of produced oil, For this application, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymers are the most widely used type of polymer. In an era of low cost oil, it is becoming even more essential to optimize the polymer flooding design under realistic reservoir conditions. The objective of this research was to better understand and predict the behavior of HPAM polymers and their effect on residual oil saturation, in order to improve the capability of optimizing field design and performance. The corefloods were performed under typical field conditions of low pressure gradients and low capillary numbers. The polymer floods of the viscous oils recovered much more oil than the water floods, with up to 24% lower oil saturation after the polymer flood than the water flood. The experimental data are in good agreement with the fractional flow analysis using the assumptions that the true residual oil saturations and end point relative permeabilities are the same for both water and polymer. This suggests that for more viscous oils, the oil saturation at the end of water flood (i.e. at greater than 99% water cut) is better described as ‘emaining’ oil saturation rather than the true ‘esidual’ oil saturation. This was true for all of the corefloods regardless of the core permeability and without the need for assuming a permeability reduction factor in the fractional flow analysis.
Tumor localization using fundus view photography for episcleral plaque therapy (1993)

The accurate localization of ophthalmic tumors on the scleral surface is important when calculating radiation dose to the tumor and adjacent structures from episcleral I-125 plaques. This is particularly true for tumors close to the fovea or optic nerve. A fundus view diagram of the eye is often used by ophthalmologists to describe the size and shape of the tumor perimeter as well as its geographical location on the retinal surface. There is, however, an inherent inaccuracy associated with the use of a hand drawn diagram to obtain physical measurements. A computer planning program has been developed which uses CT and a digitized photographic montage of the posterior hemisphere to estimate the size and location of posteriorly located tumors. A simple phantom was constructed to test the software and a direct comparison made between planned versus measured tumor size and location in an excised eye.
<title>Diode-pumped Nd:host laser transmitter for intersatellite optical communications</title> (1990)

A transmitter laser breadboard suitable for a coherent space communication system is under development. Major design goals are 1W CW output power, 100 kHz linewidth at low drift, 8 percent electrical to optical conversion efficiency, and 3 dB power degradation over 7 years operation. An oscillation output of 600 mW is amplified by two double-pass stages to 1 W.
How do economists differ from others in distributive situations (2008)

There are mainly two conjectures on why economists may behave differently than others in distributive situations: the selection hypothesis and the learning hypothesis. In this paper the “Are economists different?”question is addressed. Potential differences in three dimensions are studied: the weight people attach to fairness considerations, the prevalence of fairness ideals, and how people react to communication about fairness. A dictatorship game experiment with a production phase and a communication phase is run with first-year economics and engineering students. This experimental design is particularly suited for examining differences in all three dimensions. To the best of the author’s knowledge, no previous experimental study has been able to address this question as comprehensively as the current analysis.