gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond White: Ground Truth Colors for Color Constancy Correction (2015)

A limitation in color constancy research is the inability to establish ground truth colors for evaluating corrected images. Many existing datasets contain images of scenes with a color chart included, however, only the chart's neutral colors (grayscale patches) are used to provide the ground truth for illumination estimation and correction. This is because the corrected neutral colors are known to lie along the achromatic line in the camera's color space (i.e. R=G=B), the correct RGB values of the other color patches are not known. As a result, most methods estimate a 3*3 diagonal matrix that ensures only the neutral colors are correct. In this paper, we describe how to overcome this limitation. Specifically, we show that under certain illuminations, a diagonal 3*3 matrix is capable of correcting not only neutral colors, but all the colors in a scene. This finding allows us to find the ground truth RGB values for the color chart in the camera's color space. We show how to use this information to correct all the images in existing datasets to have correct colors. Working from these new color corrected datasets, we describe how to modify existing color constancy algorithms to perform better image correction.
Cyclic amidines. Part 25. Intramolecular cyclodehalogenation of diazabenz[a]anthracenes and diazabenzo[c]phenanthrenes (1986)

A previously unrecorded intramolecular cyclization which occurred during the palladium-catalysed hydrogenolysis of suitably disposed dichloroheterocycles [e.g. 7-chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,12-diazabenz[a]anthracene (3) to 9,14-diazadibenz[a,e]aceanthrylene (1) and 6-chloro-7-(2-chloro-phenyl)-5,8-diazabenzo[c]phenanthrene (9) to 9,14-diazadibenz[a,e]acephenanthrylene (13)] is reported.
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides: Structure, Metabolism and Mechanisms of Action (1990)

Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) are biologically active substances present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. They induce a spectrum of biological effects which may be harmful or beneficiary for the host. Lipid A is the biologically active part of the LPS molecule. This was demonstrated using soluble forms of lipid A and more recently confirmed further by employing synthetic lipid A. LPS administered into experimental animals circulates as LPS/HDL complex and is cleared from the blood mainly into the liver and spleen. In the liver LPS undergoes partial deacylation however without a loss of toxic activity. Its excretion is effected mainly via the bile into the gut. The lethal toxicity and tolerance inducing properties of LPS are mediated by macrophages through tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), which is probably the most important endogenous mediator of the lethal effects of LPS. The lethal toxicity of LPS may be completely inhibited by anti-TNF alpha antibodies.
Telemedicine System using the PACS and DooRae(Collaborative Multimedia Environment) (2002)

Development of information technology makes a telemedicine system feasible along with the traditional medical practice of visiting a hospital (or clinic). This telemedicine workstation would include a PACS interface and between inpatient and outpatient HIS/RIS/PACS transaction protocol. Although this system has adopted PACS, this technology has been available for severe year the integration of the system into clinical operation has had limited success due to stringent requirements of radiologists as well as the load demanded on the system.
Interacting Systems of the Type A + B ⇌ C (1971)

The interaction of hen ovalbumin with sperm whale metmyoglobin in phosphate buffer, 0.01 M, pH 6.80, at 20.0" has been studied by gel chromatography.Spectrophotometric analysis of the column effluent permitted the determination of each constituent throughout the elution protie, which was
CCLXXII.—2-Amino-4 : 5-dimethylglyoxaline (1925)

R. Burtles and F. L. Pyman, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1925, 127, 2012 DOI: 10.1039/CT9252702012
Microfluidic Device for Recreating a Tumor Microenvironment <em>in Vitro</em> (2011)

We have developed a microfluidic device that mimics the delivery and systemic clearance of drugs to heterogeneous three-dimensional tumor tissues in vitro. Nutrients delivered by vasculature fail to reach all parts of tumors, giving rise to heterogeneous microenvironments consisting of viable, quiescent and necrotic cell types. Many cancer drugs fail to effectively penetrate and treat all types of cells because of this heterogeneity. Monolayers of cancer cells do not mimic this heterogeneity, making it difficult to test cancer drugs with a suitable in vitro model. Our microfluidic devices were fabricated out of PDMS using soft lithography. Multicellular tumor spheroids, formed by the hanging drop method, were inserted and constrained into rectangular chambers on the device and maintained with continuous medium perfusion on one side. The rectangular shape of chambers on the device created linear gradients within tissue. Fluorescent stains were used to quantify the variability in apoptosis within tissue. Tumors on the device were treated with the fluorescent chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, time-lapse microscopy was used to monitor its diffusion into tissue, and the effective diffusion coefficient was estimated. The hanging drop method allowed quick formation of uniform spheroids from several cancer cell lines. The device enabled growth of spheroids for up to 3 days. Cells in proximity of flowing medium were minimally apoptotic and those far from the channel were more apoptotic, thereby accurately mimicking regions in tumors adjacent to blood vessels. The estimated value of the doxorubicin diffusion coefficient agreed with a previously reported value in human breast cancer. Because the penetration and retention of drugs in solid tumors affects their efficacy, we believe that this device is an important tool in understanding the behavior of drugs, and developing new cancer therapeutics.
Geophysical Variables and Behavior: XXVII. Magnetic Necklace: Its Therapeutic Effectiveness on Neck and Shoulder Pain: 2. Psychological Assessment (1985)

The efficacy of magnetic necklaces (maximum static magnetic field 0.13 T) in controlling chronic neck and shoulder pain was studied. A double-blind experiment was performed on four groups of human adults (Total N = 101). The experimental design involved 52 subjects with chronic pain (35 women, 17 men) and 49 without symptoms of pain (20 women, 29 men). They were assigned in near-equal numbers into subgroups in which magnetic or nonmagnetic necklaces were worn 24 hr. a day for 4 wk. Subjective reports and psychological testing indicated that there were no statistically significant differences among treatment subgroups before treatment. Subjects in the pain group reported a statistically significant reduction in frequency and severity of pain immediately after treatment. However, treatment condition (magnetic vs nonmagnetic) did not significantly affect subjective reports, indicating that the reported improvement is attributable to the placebo effect.
Oxidative Intramolecular Phenolic Coupling Reaction Induced by a Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent:  Leading to Galanthamine-Type Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids (1998)

By extending our oxidative phenol-coupling reactions using a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, a versatile synthetic procedure for the galanthamine-type Amaryllidaceae alkaloids was accomplished. The first total synthesis of (±)-sanguinine and the total syntheses of (±)-galanthamine, (±)-narwedine, (±)-lycoramine, and (±)-norgalanthamine were also successfully carried out.
3‐D seismic interpolation in the<i>F‐XY</i>domain (1990)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 19903‐D seismic interpolation in the F‐XY domainAuthors: Simon SpitzSimon SpitzCGG, Francehttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1890083 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1890083FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByImaging improvement by prestack signal enhancement10 June 2013 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 61, No. 6Multistep autoregressive reconstruction of seismic recordsGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 72, No. 6 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1990ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1990 Pages: 1779 publication data© 1990 Copyright © 1990 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Simon Spitz, (1990), "3‐D seismic interpolation in the F‐XY domain," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1641-1643. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1890083 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Feature-Preserved Point Cloud Simplification Based on Natural Quadric Shape Models (2019)

With the development of 3D scanning technology, a huge volume of point cloud data has been collected at a lower cost. The huge data set is the main burden during the data processing of point clouds, so point cloud simplification is critical. The main aim of point cloud simplification is to reduce data volume while preserving the data features. Therefore, this paper provides a new method for point cloud simplification, named FPPS (feature-preserved point cloud simplification). In FPPS, point cloud simplification entropy is defined, which quantifies features hidden in point clouds. According to simplification entropy, the key points including the majority of the geometric features are selected. Then, based on the natural quadric shape, we introduce a point cloud matching model (PCMM), by which the simplification rules are set. Additionally, the similarity between PCMM and the neighbors of the key points is measured by the shape operator. This represents the criteria for the adaptive simplification parameters in FPPS. Finally, the experiment verifies the feasibility of FPPS and compares FPPS with other four-point cloud simplification algorithms. The results show that FPPS is superior to other simplification algorithms. In addition, FPPS can partially recognize noise.
Control of rRNA Synthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> : a Systems Biology Approach (2004)

The first part of this review contains an overview of the various contributions and models relating to the control of rRNA synthesis reported over the last 45 years. The second part describes a systems biology approach to identify the factors and effectors that control the interactions between RNA polymerase and rRNA (rrn) promoters of Escherichia coli bacteria during exponential growth in different media. This analysis is based on measurements of absolute rrn promoter activities as transcripts per minute per promoter in bacterial strains either deficient or proficient in the synthesis of the factor Fis and/or the effector ppGpp. These absolute promoter activities are evaluated in terms of rrn promoter strength (V(max)/K(m)) and free RNA polymerase concentrations. Three major conclusions emerge from this evaluation. First, the rrn promoters are not saturated with RNA polymerase. As a consequence, changes in the concentration of free RNA polymerase contribute to changes in rrn promoter activities. Second, rrn P2 promoter strength is not specifically regulated during exponential growth at different rates; its activity changes only when the concentration of free RNA polymerase changes. Third, the effector ppGpp reduces the strength of the rrn P1 promoter both directly and indirectly by reducing synthesis of the stimulating factor Fis. This control of rrn P1 promoter strength forms part of a larger feedback loop that adjusts the synthesis of ribosomes to the availability of amino acids via amino acid-dependent control of ppGpp accumulation.
Randomized phase III trial of gemcitabine/carboplatin with or without iniparib (BSI-201) in patients with previously untreated stage IV squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2011)

TPS220 Background: Recent advances in the treatment of NSCLC, including bevacizumab and pemetrexed, have been limited to patients with non-squamous cancers because of concerns of safety and efficacy. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a critical DNA repair enzyme, and is significantly upregulated at the mRNA level in multiple cancer types, including squamous cell lung cancer. Iniparib is a novel agent with PARP1 inhibitory activity and has demonstrated synergistic activity with gemcitabine and carboplatin in preclinical studies. This phase III study will compare the results of treatment with the gemcitabine/carboplatin doublet alone or in combination with iniparib. The primary endpoint is overall survival. Methods: Trial Design: Patients are randomized 1:1 to Arm A (with iniparib) or Arm B (without iniparib). All patients receive gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV days 1 and 8, and carboplatin AUC=5 IV on day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Arm A patients also receive iniparib 5.6 mg/kg IV on days 1, 4, 8, and 11. All patients are assessed for response per RECIST version 1.1 every 6 weeks. While 6 treatment cycles are planned, patients without evidence of progression or other reason for discontinuation may remain on treatment beyond 6 cycles. Accrual of 825 patients provides 90% power to detect an improvement in survival from 8 months (anticipated with gemcitabine/carboplatin) to 10.7 months. Eligibility: Patients with newly diagnosed stage IV (M1a and M1b) squamous NSCLC with ECOG PS 0-1 are eligible, including those with disseminated metastases or malignant pleural or pericardial effusions. Patients may have had carboplatin in the adjuvant setting for early stage disease, but prior treatment with gemcitabine or iniparib is not allowed. Additional exclusion criteria include: history of recent cardiac disease, untreated brain metastases, and treatment for early-stage lung cancer within 12 months of study entry. There are currently 167 patients enrolled with a total of 825 planned in this international multi-center trial.
Response curves for radioimmunoassay. (1983)

In quantitative estimates from radioimmunoassay, one of four types of response curves is usually used: a freehand curve, a spline function, an equation based upon mass-action considerations, or a logistic equation. This paper comments briefly on the subjectivity and labor of the first and on the overparametrization of the second. It is chiefly concerned to compare the single binding-site equation with a simple or modified logistic. Whatever the theoretical merits of the binding-site approach (these are not under discussion), estimation of parameters is difficult. The paper shows that under many but not all circumstances a four- or five-parameter logistic will fit data at least as well over a wide range of doses. This is particularly so when both the binding-site concentration and the equilibrium constant are small.
MicroRNA-200a Locally Attenuates Progesterone Signaling in the Cervix, Preventing Embryo Implantation (2014)

Although cervical pregnancy and placenta previa, in which the embryo and placenta embed in or adjacent to the cervix, are life-threatening complications that result in massive bleeding and poor pregnancy outcomes in women, the incidence of these aberrant conditions is uncommon. We hypothesized that a local molecular mechanism is normally in place to prevent embryo implantation in the cervix. The ovarian hormones progesterone (P(4)) and estrogen differentially direct differentiation and proliferation of endometrial cells, which confers the receptive state for implantation: P(4) dominance causes differentiation of the luminal epithelium but increases stromal cell proliferation in preparation of the uterus for implantation. In search for the cause of cervical nonresponsiveness to implantation, we found that the statuses of cell proliferation and differentiation between the uterus and cervix during early pregnancy are remarkably disparate under identical endocrine milieu in both mice and humans. We also found that cervical levels of progesterone receptor (PR) protein are low compared with uterine levels during this period, and the low PR protein levels are attributed to elevated levels of microRNA(miR)-200a in the cervix. These changes were associated with up-regulation of the P(4)-metabolizing enzyme 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (200α-HSD) and down-regulation of its transcriptional repressor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 in the cervix. The results provide evidence that elevated levels of miR-200a lead to down-regulation of P(4)-PR signaling and up-regulation of (200α-HSD) in the cervix, rendering it nonresponsive to implantation. These findings may point toward not only the physiological but also the pathological basis of the cervical milieu in embryo implantation.
Multilocus Genotypes and DNA Fingerprints Do Not Predict Variation in Azole Resistance among Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida albicans</i> (1999)

If variation in azole resistance is due to inherent differences in strains of Candida albicans, as a predominantly clonal organism, then correlation between multilocus genotypes and drug resistance would be expected. A sample of 81 clinical isolates from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Toronto, Canada, plus 3 reference isolates were genotyped at 16 loci, distributed on all linkage groups, by means of oligonucleotide hybridizations specific for each of the alleles at each locus. These multilocus genotypes were significantly correlated with DNA fingerprints obtained with the species-specific probe 27A, indicating widespread linkage disequilibrium in the genome. There were 64 multilocus diploid genotypes and 77 DNA fingerprint types delineated in this sample. Neither the multilocus genotyping nor DNA fingerprinting alone identified all of the 81 types identified by the combination of these two methods. Multilocus genotypes were not predictive of fluconazole resistance, suggesting that resistance is gained or lost too quickly to be predicted by linkage with neutral markers.
A Generic Mechanism for Adaptive Growth Rate Regulation (2008)

How can a microorganism adapt to a variety of environmental conditions despite the existence of a limited number of signal transduction mechanisms? We show that for any growing cells whose gene expression fluctuate stochastically, the adaptive cellular state is inevitably selected by noise, even without a specific signal transduction network for it. In general, changes in protein concentration in a cell are given by its synthesis minus dilution and degradation, both of which are proportional to the rate of cell growth. In an adaptive state with a higher growth speed, both terms are large and balanced. Under the presence of noise in gene expression, the adaptive state is less affected by stochasticity since both the synthesis and dilution terms are large, while for a nonadaptive state both the terms are smaller so that cells are easily kicked out of the original state by noise. Hence, escape time from a cellular state and the cellular growth rate are negatively correlated. This leads to a selection of adaptive states with higher growth rates, and model simulations confirm this selection to take place in general. The results suggest a general form of adaptation that has never been brought to light--a process that requires no specific mechanisms for sensory adaptation. The present scheme may help explain a wide range of cellular adaptive responses including the metabolic flux optimization for maximal cell growth.
Electron Withdrawing Substituents on Equatorial and Apical Phosphines Have Opposite Effects on the Regioselectivity of Rhodium Catalyzed Hydroformylation (1997)

The electronic effects of electron withdrawing aryl substituents on equatorial and apical diphosphines were investigated. Chelating diphosphines designed to coordinate in diequatorial or in apical−equatorial positions were synthesized, and their effects on the regioselectivity of rhodium catalyzed 1-hexene hydroformylation were observed. Only diequatorial coordination was observed for 2,2‘-bis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]-1,1‘-biphenyl (BISBI) complexes (BISBI)Ir(CO)2H (8) and [BISBI-(3,5-CF3)]Ir(CO)2H (10), and only apical−equatorial coordination was seen for 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DIPHOS) complexes (DIPHOS)Ir(CO)2H (14) and [DIPHOS-(3,5-CF3)]Ir(CO)2H (15). For the trans-1,2-bis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]cyclopropane (T-BDCP) complexes, a mixture of diequatorial and apical−equatorial complexes was seen. For (T-BDCP)Ir(CO)2H (12), 12-ae was favored over 12-ee by 63:37, but for [T-BDCP-(3,5-CF3)]Ir(CO)2H (13) the conformational preference was reversed and a 10:90 ratio of 13-ae:13-ee was seen. The electron withdrawing groups in the equatorial positions of BISBI-(3,5-CF3) (1) and T-BDCP-(3,5-CF3) (2) led to an increase in n-aldehyde regioselectivity in rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation. However, electron withdrawing aryl substituents in the apical positions of DIPHOS-(3,5-CF3) (3) led to a decrease in n-aldehyde regioselectivity in rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation.
Freedom of expression, apostasy, and blasphemy within Islam:<i>Sharia</i>, criminal justice systems, and modern Islamic state practices (2010)

Abstract The Danish cartoon saga and the Salman Rushdie affair represent two high profile examples of alleged intolerance of Muslim communities. Both cases are alleged to have insulted Islam and the Prophet of Islam, Prophet Muhammad. These cartoonists and Salman Rushdie continue to face serious threats – including threats to their life.
Selecting High-Risk Individuals for Lung Cancer Screening: A Prospective Evaluation of Existing Risk Models and Eligibility Criteria in the German EPIC Cohort (2015)

Lung cancer risk prediction models are considered more accurate than the eligibility criteria based on age and smoking in identification of high-risk individuals for screening. We externally validated four lung cancer risk prediction models (Bach, Spitz, LLP, and PLCO(M2012)) among 20,700 ever smokers in the EPIC-Germany cohort. High-risk subjects were identified using the eligibility criteria applied in clinical trials (NELSON/LUSI, DLCST, ITALUNG, DANTE, and NLST) and the four risk prediction models. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated based on the lung cancers diagnosed in the first 5 years of follow-up. Decision curve analysis was performed to compare net benefits. The number of high-risk subjects identified by the eligibility criteria ranged from 3,409 (NELSON/LUSI) to 1,458 (NLST). Among the eligibility criteria, the DLCST produced the highest sensitivity (64.13%), whereas the NLST produced the highest specificity (93.13%) and PPV (2.88%). The PLCO(M2012) model showed the best performance in external validation (C-index: 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76-0.86; E/O: 1.03; 95% CI, 0.87-1.23) and the highest sensitivity, specificity, and PPV, but the superiority over the Bach model and the LLP model was modest. All the models but the Spitz model showed greater net benefit over the full range of risk estimates than the eligibility criteria. We concluded that all of the lung cancer risk prediction models apart from the Spitz model have a similar accuracy to identify high-risk individuals for screening, but in general outperform the eligibility criteria used in the screening trials.
Parallel Intra Prediction on Multi-core Platform (2010)

Because of the data dependence caused by intra prediction of H.264,multi-core platform could not deal with the macro-block data in parallel.Aiming at this problem,the intra4×4 and intra16×16 macro-block are processed separately.If current macro-block is intra4×4,the decoded data of right four sub-blocks is sent to next macro-block through mailbox to start intra prediction.If current macro-block is intra16×16,the right line does the intra prediction first and add the data with residual.Then data is sent to next macro-block through mailbox to start intra predicting.The 4 combination of two macro-blocks is analysed which are close to each other and points out the parallelism method separately.The simulation result shows that after using the proposed method,less time is used to decode one macro-block and DSPs visits the memory less.The parallel degree of multi-core platform is increased.