gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A position synchronization control for HA/EHA system (2015)

Moving towards more electric aircraft, a hybrid configuration of actuators gives us an opportunity to introduce electro-hydrostatic actuators in the primary flight control system. Hybrid configuration gives birth to force fighting problems that must be addressed. Force fighting will occur when both actuators are actively controlled. This paper presents different strategies for position synchronization of hybrid configuration involve HA and EHA in active/active mode. First a model is made and its accuracy is checked in mat lab\Simulink. Then four position synchronization strategies have been presented. The first one uses a PID controller to balance position loop dynamics. Second strategy uses self-tuning Fuzzy PI controller to control position loop dynamics and PID controller to improve load rejection performance. The third and fourth uses PID for position loop dynamics and Pre-compensators to equalize force dynamics. It has found that every strategy is better, according to its own desired application. Every strategy has its own advantage and disadvantage. However the PID controller strategy is better with respect to property of Segregation and HA Pre-compensator strategy is better with respect to reduction in force fighting. Self-tuning fuzzy PI controller strategy and EHA compensator strategy are better with respect to efficiency (making EHA faster improves efficiency of the system) of the system.
Emerging therapeutic drugs for AML (2015)

Multiple new drugs are being developed to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including novel formulations of traditional chemotherapy-antibody drug conjugates and agents that target specific mutant enzymes. Next-generation sequencing has allowed us to discover the genetic mutations that lead to the development and clinical progression of AML. Studies of clonal hierarchy suggest which mutations occur early and dominate. This has led to targeted therapy against mutant driver proteins as well as the development of drugs such as CPX-351 and SGN-CD33A whose mechanisms of action and efficacy may not be dependent on mutational complexity. In this brief review, we discuss drugs that may emerge as important for the treatment of AML in the next 10 years.
MUSIC NO MUSIC MUSIC (2004)

Zusammenfassung Die heuristische Idee, die in diesem Aufsatz verfolgt wird, ist es, das Unschärfe-Phänomen ›Pop‹ als eigentümliches, weltgesellschaftlich operierendes Funktionssystem aufzufassen. Als Sozialsystem reproduziert es eine spezifische (kommunikative) Differenz, die sich dem Medium des ›Songs‹ einschreibt, das Wahrnehmungen auf raffinierte Weise in den Kommunikationszusammenhang des Systems einbettet. Angenommen wird, daß nach preadaptive advances, die bis in die Renaissance zurückreichen, das System in den Fünfziger Jahren startet mit der spezifischen Operation der ›Provokation-im-Medium des Songs‹ und sich strukturell entlang prozessiert an Formen der Provokation und Gegenprovokation: Rock’n’Roll, Beat, Garage, Psychedelic, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, Rave, Techno... Geprüft wird unter anderem, ob sich eine Funktion des Systems konstruieren läßt, ob das System über einen Leitcode verfügt (These: Hit/Flop), über ein Medium (Songs), über Formen organisatorischer Sicherheit (Labels) etc. Diese Analysen lassen noch keine definitive Entscheidung über den Systemstatus zu, plausibilisieren aber die Annahme, daß eine darauf bezogene systemtheoretisch orientierte Forschung fruchtbar sein könnte.
On the Prediction of Inner Pressure for the Tank in Rolling Motion (2003)

강제 횡동요 실험을 통하여 동요하는 탱크의 내부압력을 폭정하고, 탱크의 내부압력을 추정하는 간단한 이론식을 제시하였다. 청수로 채워진 사각 탱크를 동요실험에 사용하였으며, 탱크의 안쪽 벽과 바닥에 압력게이지를 설치하여 내부압력의 시간변화량을 측정하였다. 측정된 탱크의 내부압력의 실험값과 이론식을 이용한 계산값을 비교하였다. 횡동요 하는 탱크내부의 압력을 구하기 위해 압력중심을 고려하여 추정하는 방법을 연구하였다. The inner liquid pressure of an airtight tank in rolling motions is investigated by means of forced oscillation tests, and the simple method to estimate the inner liquid pressure is proposed. A rectangular solid tank, which is fully filled with water, was used in the forced oscillation test of rolling motion. The inner pressure variations in time were measured at several points on the inner walls of tank. Measured pressures are compared with the calculated ones, and estimation methods of the inner liquid pressure of the tank in rolling motion are studied based on the considerations of the origin of pressure.
Endometrial nerve fibres in endometriosis (2007)

Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disease that can cause severe\npelvic pain such as dysmenorrhoea and dyspareunia, however the\nmechanisms by which pain is generated are not well understood. Nerve\nfibres in endometriotic plaques have been reported by several authors.\nWe have recently demonstrated the presence of unmyelinated sensory\nnerve fibres (using the pan-neuronal marker PGP9.5) in the functional\nlayer of endometrium in women with endometriosis and a significantly\nincreased nerve fibre density in endometrium and myometrium in women\nwith endometriosis compared with women without endometriosis. Sensory C\nnerve fibres were only detected in the functional layer of endometrium\nof women with endometriosis and never in women without endometriosis.\nThis finding is so consistent that it may become an effective means of\nmaking the diagnosis of endometriosis. Nerve fibres expressing a range\nof neuronal markers and an over-expression of nerve growth factor (NGF)\nand nerve growth factor receptor (NGFRp75) were also demonstrated in\nperitoneal endometrial plaques in women with endometriosis. Effects of\ncurrently available medications for endometriosis on nerve fibres in\neutopic endometrium in hormonally treated women have been also studied.\nThis review will describe nerve fibres in eutopic endometrium and\nectopic endometriotic plaques in women with endometriosis.
Polypeptides. Part VIII. Variations of the aspartyl position in the C-terminal tetrapeptide amide sequence of the gastrins (1968)

The synthesis is described of analogues of L-tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine amide (the C-terminal sequence of the gastrins), and its N-benzyloxycarbonyl or N-t-butoxycarbonyl derivatives, wherein the aspartyl residue has undergone replacement by alanyl, β-aspartyl, asparaginyl, cysteinyl, glutamyl, glycyl, lysyl, norvalyl, ornithyl, seryl, threonyl, and other amino-acyl residues.
Strength Characteristics of Flowable Mortars Containing Coal Ash (1992)

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Time-Resolved Three-Dimensional Molecular Tracking in Live Cells (2010)

We report a method for tracking individual quantum dot (QD) labeled proteins inside of live cells that uses four overlapping confocal volume elements and active feedback once every 5 ms to follow three-dimensional molecular motion. This method has substantial advantages over three-dimensional molecular tracking methods based upon charge-coupled device cameras, including increased Z-tracking range (10 μm demonstrated here), substantially lower excitation powers (15 μW used here), and the ability to perform time-resolved spectroscopy (such as fluorescence lifetime measurements or fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) on the molecules being tracked. In particular, we show for the first time fluorescence photon antibunching of individual QD labeled proteins in live cells and demonstrate the ability to track individual dye-labeled nucleotides (Cy5-dUTP) at biologically relevant transport rates. To demonstrate the power of these methods for exploring the spatiotemporal dynamics of live cells, we follow individual QD-labeled IgE-FcεRI receptors both on and inside rat mast cells. Trajectories of receptors on the plasma membrane reveal three-dimensional, nanoscale features of the cell surface topology. During later stages of the signal transduction cascade, clusters of QD labeled IgE-FcεRI were captured in the act of ligand-mediated endocytosis and tracked during rapid (~950 nm/s) vesicular transit through the cell.
Copper Fill of Microvia Using a Thiol-Modified Cu Seed Layer and Various Levelers (2009)

Microvia filling by copper electroplating was carried out using a plating bath containing a suppressor and a leveler without an accelerator. The required accelerator was adsorbed onto the copper seed layer of the microvia in a predipping bath before the filling plating. This pretreatment is similar to the self-assembled monolayer of thiol molecules that forms on a copper surface. The suppressor was poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and five levelers, namely, Janus green B, diazine black, methylene violet, safranine O, and Alcian blue, were employed to screen for the best plating formula suitable for a plating process in which no accelerator was present in the plating solution. The thiol molecule employed in this work was 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (MPS). The electrochemical behaviors of various plating formulas were characterized using a galvanostatic measurement on a copper electrode at different rotating speeds. Results indicated that the MPS adlayer is transferable onto the surface of the copper deposit and can be displaced by the PEG–Cl–leveler. The displacement rate depends on the molecular structure of the added leveler. This plating process has the potential to greatly reduce the plating time of microvia filling.
Glycerol Monolaurate Does Not Alter Rhesus Macaque ( <i>Macaca mulatta</i> ) Vaginal Lactobacilli and Is Safe for Chronic Use (2008)

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a fatty acid monoester that inhibits growth and exotoxin production of vaginal pathogens and cytokine production by vaginal epithelial cells. Because of these activities, and because of the importance of cytokine-mediated immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission to women, our laboratories are performing studies on the potential efficacy of GML as a topical microbicide to interfere with HIV-1 transmission in the simian immunodeficiency virus-rhesus macaque model. While GML is generally recognized as safe by the FDA for topical use, its safety for chronic use and effects on normal vaginal microflora in this animal model have not been evaluated. GML was therefore tested both in vitro for its effects on vaginal flora lactobacilli and in vivo as a 5% gel administered vaginally to monkeys. In vitro studies demonstrated that lactobacilli are not killed by GML; GML blocks the loss of their viability in stationary phase and does not interfere with lactic acid production. GML (5% gel) does not quantitatively alter monkey aerobic vaginal microflora compared to vehicle control gel. Lactobacilli and coagulase-negative staphylococci are the dominant vaginal aerobic microflora, with beta-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and yeasts sporadically present; gram-negative rods are not part of their vaginal flora. Colposcopy and biopsy studies indicate that GML does not alter normal mucosal integrity and does not induce inflammation; instead, GML reduces epithelial cell production of interleukin 8. The studies suggest that GML is safe for chronic use in monkeys when applied vaginally; it does not alter either mucosal microflora or integrity.
Measurement of melt viscoelastic properties of polyethylenes and their blends—a comparison of experimental techniques (1997)

Abstract Two polyethylene resins (LDPE and HDPE) and their blends were characterized for dynamic shear rheology, extrudate swell in a capillary rheometer, and recoverable strain as measured by the Melt Elasticity Indexer in attempts to compare parameters related to the so‐called “melt elasticity” as obtained by different experimental techniques. Such parameters may be useful in screening materials for their melt processability. Data were obtained at equivalent shear rates/frequencies and different temperatures. With respect to the individual blend components, the LDPE resin with the lower Melt Index (MI) had higher storage modulus and Weissenberg number than the HDPE resin. However, by using criteria based on “recoil” and strain recovery, ranking was different with the LDPE resin shown to exhibit lower “melt elasticity.” In this case, extrudate swell data were found to correlate reasonably well with equilibrium recoverable strain data. With respect to blends, complex viscosity and storage modulus versus composition curves showed positive deviations from linearity, similar to those observed in melt heterogeneous blends. Similarities between the short time recoverable strain vs. composition and the storage modulus vs. composition curves suggest that similar morphological states may exist in the melt over the experimental times and conditions applicable to these different experimental techniques.
Recent advances in metal carcinogenicity (2000)

Abstract The carcinogenicity of nickel, chromium, arsenic, cobalt, and cadmium compounds has long been recognized. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in tumor formation are not well understood. The carcinogenic potential depends on metal species; major determinants are oxidation state and solubility. Two modes of action seem to be predominant: the induction of oxidative DNA damage and the interaction with DNA repair processes, leading to an enhancement of genotoxicity in combination with a variety of DNA-damaging agents. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is inhibited at low, non-cytotoxic concentrations of nickel(II), cadmium(II), cobalt(II), and arsenic(III); the repair of oxidative DNA base modifications is disturbed by nickel(II) and cadmium(II). One reason for repair inhibition appears to be the displacement of zinc(II) and magnesium(II). Potentially sensitive targets are so-called zinc finger structures present in several DNA repair enzymes such as the mammalian XPA protein and the bacterial formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg protein); detailed studies revealed that each zinc finger protein exerts unique sensitivities toward toxic metal ions. Taken together, toxic metal ions may lower the genetic stability by inducing oxidative DNA damage and by decreasing the repair capacity towards DNA lesions induced by endogenous and exogenous mutagens, which may in turn increase the risk of tumor formation.
Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Ammonia to Nitrogen and Water (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The objective of this SBIR Phase I project was to identify catalysts that are active for ammonia conversion and are also selective for nitrogen and water. Our approach to the problem was centered on the development of a bifunctional catalyst, which could separate adsorbed oxygen and nitrogen atoms, thereby reducing NO<sub>x</sub> formation. The results of our project demonstrated that our approach was successful. We prepared a group of catalysts and tested them for ammonia oxidation activity. We identified a catalyst formulation that was active for ammonia oxidation at low temperatures in the presence of water and produced very little NO<sub>x</sub>. We used kinetic data to generate a rate model that predicts 100% ammonia conversion in the full-scale system at a temperature 50°C lower than the current design.</div>
<title>Improved design of an ISIS for a video camera of 1,000,000 pps</title> (1999)

The ISIS, In-situ Storage Image Sensor, may achieve the frame rate higher than 1,000,000 pps. Technical targets in development of the ISIS are listed up. A layout of the ISIS is presented, which covers the major targets, by employing slanted CCD storage and amplified CMOS readout. The layout has two different sets of orthogonal axis systems: one is mechanical and the other functional. Photodiodes, CCD registers and all the gates are designed parallel to the mechanical axis systems. The squares on which pixels are placed form the functional axis system. The axis systems are inclined to each other. To reproduce a moving image, at least fifty consecutive images are necessary for ten-second replay at 5 pps. The inclined design inlays the straight CCD storage registers for more than fifty images in the photo- receptive area of the sensor. The amplified CMOS readout circuits built in all the pixels eliminate line defects in reproduced images, which are inherent to CCD image sensors. FPN (Fixed Pattern Noise) introduced by the individual amplification is easily suppressed by digital post image processing, which is commonly employed in scientific and engineering applications. The yield rate is significantly improved by the elimination of the line defects.
Cell kinetics of prostate exocrine and neuroendocrine epithelium and their differential interrelationship: new perspectives. (1998)

The prostate gland consists of a complex ductal system lined with exocrine basal and luminal cells, and neuroendocrine epithelial cells. This paper reviews the histologic and molecular cell biologic characteristics of these cells, in normal adult tissue, during prostate morphogenesis, and in the development of benign and malignant neoplastic conditions. Expression of differentiation markers, as well as proliferation and apoptosis markers, growth factors and associated receptors, and abnormalities in genes and chromosomes are reviewed. Accumulating data indicate that (1) pluripotent immortal stem cells are located in the basal cell compartment of the prostate; (2) there is a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the prostate gland (intermediate cells) that have both structural and functional characteristics common to basal and luminal cells, which may be identified in various conditions; and prostate NE cells may have the same common origin as other exocrine cells, and share the same differentiation pathway. A stem cell model is proposed in which both exocrine and endocrine cells are derived from a subpopulation of basal cells (stem cell) that give rise to luminal cells through intermediate cells (pluripotent amplifying cells). These cells are also probably highly implicated in the early development of prostate benign and malignant neoplasia.
Links Between Markov Models and Multilayer Perceptrons (1988)

Hidden Markov models are widely used for automatic speech recognition. They inherently incorporate the sequential character of the speech signal and are statistically trained. However, the apriori choice of the model topology limits their flexibility. Another drawback of these models is their weak discriminating power. Multilayer perceptrons are now promising tools in the connectionist approach for classification problems and have already been successfully tested on speech recognition problems. However, the sequential nature of the speech signal remains difficult to handle in that kind of machine. In this paper, a discriminant hidden Markov model is defined and it is shown how a particular multilayer perceptron with contextual and extra feedback input units can be considered as a general form of such Markov models.
Organic photodiodes and phototransistors toward infrared detection: materials, devices, and applications (2019)

Because of their advantages, including easy tunability of optical and electrical properties by tailoring the molecular structure, flexibility, and compatibility with a low-temperature fabricating process, the use of organic semiconductors (OSCs) as active layers has shown strong competitiveness as candidates for use in next-generation high-sensitivity organic photodetectors (OPDs). Infrared (IR) OPDs that are sensitive to illumination at wavelengths higher than 780 nm have been rapidly developed in recent years driven by potential applications such as remote control, night vision, and imaging as well as biomedical monitoring. In this review, after a brief illustration of the mechanisms, we summarize the recent advances in high-performance IR organic photodiodes (OPDIs) and organic phototransistors (OPTs). We will highlight the state-of-the-art protocols for constructing qualified IR OPDs, including new OSCs with excellent photoelectric properties, optimization of active-layer-fabrication processes, and novel device architectures. Thereafter, we will discuss the IR organic light detector as a platform for integrated applications, such as health monitoring, spectrometric analysis, and electronic eyes. This review aims to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the design of future IR OPDs and IR-OPD-based integrated practices.
Reduced Readmission Rate for Alternating Diagnoses of Heart Failure and Pulmonary Disease after Implementation of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Testing (2004)

We hypothesize that prior to BNP implementation, there may have been diagnostic ambiguities in the initial diagnosis of HF or PD, which contributed to a repeat visit for the alternate diagnosis (PD or HF). With BNP testing, the apparent number of inappropriate visits decreased. Reducing unnecessary ED admissions helps justify the costs for implementing BNP testing in the hospital.
A new synthetic approach to macrocyclic molecules and main-chain polymers containing carbazole moieties (1996)

Y. Zhang, T. Wada and H. Sasabe, Chem. Commun., 1996, 621 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960000621
Electrical stimulation and visual network plasticity (2011)

The visual system has the most complex circuitry of all the sensory systems and it also possesses the ability to undergo induced and spontaneous neuroplastic changes. Most of what we know about the functional organization of the visual system is derived from animal experiments or by correlating circumscribed anatomical lesions in patients and their visual perceptual deficits or dysfunctions. However, in the past years, significant achievements have been made in characterizing visual information processing in the human using non-invasive neurophysiological techniques, such as electrical stimulation of the brain. Transcranial direct (tDCS) and alternating current stimulation (tACS) applied through the skull was shown to directly modulate the excitability of the motor and visual cortices in human subjects. This review article focuses on these stimulation methods and summarizes the latest results with regard to the application of these method over the visual areas in healthy subjects and clinical populations.
Weakly and Semi Supervised Human Body Part Parsing via Pose-Guided Knowledge Transfer (2018)

Human body part parsing, or human semantic part segmentation, is fundamental to many computer vision tasks. In conventional semantic segmentation methods, the ground truth segmentations are provided, and fully convolutional networks (FCN) are trained in an end-to-end scheme. Although these methods have demonstrated impressive results, their performance highly depends on the quantity and quality of training data. In this paper, we present a novel method to generate synthetic human part segmentation data using easily-obtained human keypoint annotations. Our key idea is to exploit the anatomical similarity among human to transfer the parsing results of a person to another person with similar pose. Using these estimated results as additional training data, our semi-supervised model outperforms its strong-supervised counterpart by 6 mIOU on the PASCAL-Person-Part dataset [6], and we achieve state-of-the-art human parsing results. Our approach is general and can be readily extended to other object/animal parsing task assuming that their anatomical similarity can be annotated by keypoints. The proposed model and accompanying source code will be made publicly available.
Developing the event concept. (2010)

<title>Abstract</title> This chapter introduces key theories and ideas surrounding the design, development, delivery and analysis of events. The chapter provides definitions of key terms, explains underpinning models and illustrates the range and scope of the events industry. Through the use of short case studies the chapter also demonstrates the range of activities that are classed as 'events' and explores the relationship between events and tourism, hospitality, leisure, business, fundraising, charities and sport.
Immunodeficiency secondary to anticytokine autoantibodies (2010)

Anticytokine autoantibodies have manifestations that are diverse, ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening. These emerging and fascinating causes of acquired immunodeficiency may explain some previously idiopathic syndromes.