gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable and Efficient Spectral Divide and Conquer Algorithms for the Symmetric Eigenvalue Decomposition and the SVD (2013)

Spectral divide and conquer algorithms solve the eigenvalue problem for all the eigenvalues and eigenvectors by recursively computing an invariant subspace for a subset of the spectrum and using it to decouple the problem into two smaller subproblems. A number of such algorithms have been developed over the last 40 years, often motivated by parallel computing and, most recently, with the aim of achieving minimal communication costs. However, none of the existing algorithms has been proved to be backward stable, and they all have a significantly higher arithmetic cost than the standard algorithms currently used. We present new spectral divide and conquer algorithms for the symmetric eigenvalue problem and the singular value decomposition that are backward stable, achieve lower bounds on communication costs recently derived by Ballard, Demmel, Holtz, and Schwartz, and have operation counts within a small constant factor of those for the standard algorithms. The new algorithms are built on the polar decomposition and exploit the recently developed QR-based dynamically weighted Halley algorithm of Nakatsukasa, Bai, and Gygi, which computes the polar decomposition using a cubically convergent iteration based on the building blocks of QR factorization and matrix multiplication. The algorithms have great potential for efficient, numerically stable computations in situations where the cost of communication dominates the cost of arithmetic.
Crystal-to-crystal transformations of a microporous metal–organic laminated framework triggered by guest exchange, dehydration and readsorption (2004)

Single crystals of a neutral, microporous, laminated metal-organic framework (MOF)[Fe(pydc)(4,4'-bipy)]xH(2)O (1xH(2)O)(H(2)pydc = 2,5-dicarboxypyridine, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) were generated by hydrothermal synthesis, and its crystal structure was determined. 1xH(2)O retains the framework robustness to ca. 370 degrees C and is insoluble in common organic solvents. By soaking in MeOH and EtOH solutions, 1xH(2)O was transformed directly from the parent single crystals into single crystals of 1xMeOH or 1xEtOH, respectively. Meanwhile, 1xH(2)O shrank to the guest-free framework (h) or (v), respectively, under appropriate heating (up to 160 degrees C in N(2)) or vacuum treatment (10 mmHg) at room temperature. Compared to that of 1xH(2)O, the unit-cell volume of 1xEtOH slightly increases by 2.9%, whereas those of (h) or (v) are reduced by 8.2 and 6.6%, respectively. The anhydrous (v) was found to be highly chemically reactive, taking up ethanol vapor to furnish the solvated crystal structure of an 'expanded' framework 1xEtOH. In a mixture of ethanol-DMF or ethanol-benzene, a selective exchange process was observed, with only ethanol molecules exchanged into the structure due to the limited free size of the channels in the framework of. All the transformed crystals have also been characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction to understand the crystal-to-crystal transformation, which have different free volumes (6.5-20.4%).
Structure and interface chemistry of MoO<sub>3</sub> back contacts in Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> thin film solar cells (2014)

Molybdenum oxide (MoO3) is considered as a possible primary back contact for Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells for its potential as a transparent back contact for superstrate and bifacial devices. MoO3 films were deposited on Mo or ITO-coated soda lime glass substrates by reactive rf sputtering in an ambient of Ar + O2 with O2/(O2 + Ar) = 35% on which Cu(In0.7Ga0.3)Se2 alloy absorber layers were deposited using multi-source elemental evaporation. Scanning Electron Microscopy studies showed uniform coverage of the as-deposited MoO3 layer and good adhesion was obtained in all cases. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy depth profile analysis showed that MoSe2 was not formed at the Cu(InGa)Se2 interface with either the Mo-MoO3 or ITO-MoO3 back contacts. Determination of the valence band offsets showed that the MoO3 layer at the interface changes the energy band alignment with Cu(InGa)Se2, producing a primary contact with lower valence band offset than ITO. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells prepared using an as-deposited Mo-MoO3 back contact yielded a best conversion efficiency of 14%, with VOC = 647 mV, JSC = 28.4 mA/cm2, and FF = 78.1%. Cells with ITO-MoO3 back contact showed a best efficiency of 12%, with VOC = 642 mV, JSC = 26.8 mA/cm2, and FF = 69.2%.
The Relationship Between Interactive Peer Play and Behavioral Self-regulation (2009)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between interactive peer play and behavioral self-regulation. The subjects were 286 preschool and daycare center children in Gyeongbuk Province, South Korea. The children ranged in age from 3 to 5 years (M= 65.21 months). Twelve of their teachers contributed ratings for interactive peer play and behavioral self-regulation. Pearson correlation and stepwise type analysis were used in the analysis of the data. The major results of this study were as follows. First, a significant relationship was found between interactive peer play and behavioral self-regulation. Secondly, Play Interaction was found to explain 20.2% of young children`s behavioral self-regulation. Play Disruption and Play Interaction explained 9.3% of self-inhibition. Play Disconnection explained 5.3% of Self-inhibition, and Play Disconnection explained 5.3% of Self-assertion.
The physics of simple metal clusters: experimental aspects and simple models (1993)

The study of simple metal clusters has burgeoned in the last decade, motivated by the growing interest in the evolution of physical properties from the atom to the bulk solid, a progression passing through the domain of atomic clusters. On the experimental side, the rapid development of new techniques for producing the clusters and for probing and detecting them has resulted in a phenomenal increase in our knowledge of these systems. For clusters of the simplest metals, the alkali and noble metals, the electronic structure is dominated by the number of valence electrons, and the ionic cores are of secondary importance. These electrons are delocalized, and the electronic system exhibits a shell structure that is closely related to the well-known nuclear shell structure. In this article the results from a broad range of experiments are reviewed and compared with theory. Included are the behavior of the mass-abundance spectra, polarizabilities, ionization potentials, photoelectron spectra, optical spectra, and fragmentation phenomena.
Multiuser scheduling for multiple antenna systems (2004)

Significant throughput gains can be leveraged in multiuser wireless systems by taking advantage of the spatial diversity provided by multiple antennas and the multiuser diversity inherent in the system. For delay tolerant data applications, this gain in system throughput can be realized through a scheduling scheme where the resources are allocated to the user experiencing the most favorable channel. In this paper, we investigate scheduling algorithms for the downlink of a multiple antenna multiuser wireless system. We propose a novel scheduling scheme that exploits spatial and multiuser diversities available in the channel. We provide numerical results demonstrating that by allowing more bits in the feedback channel, the proposed scheme enjoys significant performance gains over the existing schemes with comparable complexity. Furthermore, compared to schemes requiring perfect channel information at the base station, the proposed scheme has less complexity at the expense of a loss in throughput.
What's Left of Critique? (2004)

Wendy Brown and Janet Halley, eds., Left Legalism / Left Critique. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002. Pp. vii, 448. $64.95 (cloth); $22.95 (paper).\nWendy Brown and Janet Halley think that "the left's current absorption with legal strategies means that liberal legalism threatens to defang the left we want to inhabit, saturating it with anti-intellectualism, limiting its normative aspirations, turning its attention away from the regulatory norms it ought to be upending, and hammering its swords into boomerangs." As an antidote, they have assembled eleven, mostly reprinted, essays that range widely but have overlapping worries about legal rights, identity politics, and the prospects for political argument. They express no similar doubts about the various postmodemisms that inspire most of them.\nBrown says, "[R]ights secure our standing as individuals even as they obscure the treacherous ways that standing is achieved and regulated...."' For one thing, rights have costs for others, as illustrated in a fine piece by Mark Kelman and Gillian Lester. They ask why students with learning disabilities should get more resources than other students who do poorly through no fault of their own. "Left multiculturalism," they think, wrongly pushes their claims to the front of the queue by representing them as rights to cultural difference. Rights may also have costs for the rights-holder. Should gay people seek the right to marry? Michael Warner sketches some obvious risks: for example, same-sex marriage could demean the gay singletons and polygamists who choose to remain outside it. Puzzlingly, he also thinks this concern is "almost unheard." And Judith Butler echoes, the "intensification of normalization is not widely recognized as a problem in the mainstream lesbian and gay movement." In fact, almost every story in the gay press about marriage worries, "Will it make us too straight?" Indeed, just about the only thing that the mainstream lesbian and gay movement fears in the problematic institution of marriage is the "intensification of normalization." And thus the debate is always about whether one can have equality while remaining outside it, through private agreements or civil unions. The alternative -equality by leveling down and abolishing civil marriage entirely -is what is unheard and untested in theory, let alone in practice.
Toxic and enzymatic activities of Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 with respect to host specificity (1996)

In this work, the enzymatic activities of selected strains of biotypes 1 and 2 of Vabrio vulnificus were analyzed by using conventional methods and the API ZYM system. The toxic activities of extracellular products (ECPs) were further evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The ECPs of both biotypes (i) showed high-level hydrolytic activities, (ii) displayed cytotoxicity for fish cell lines, and (iii) were lethal for eels. Exotoxins seem to be proteinaceous since heat treatment of ECP samples destroyed their toxicity. Only biotype 2 strains were virulent for cels, suggesting that host specificity must be related to differences in cell surface properties. Infectivity trials with other fish species also revealed that only biotype 2 strains were virulent.
GABAergic attenuation of cocaine-induced dopamine release and locomotor activity (1997)

GABA modulates dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens and corpus striatum. Using in vivo microdialysis techniques we examined this modulatory role and the extent to which three different GABAergic drugs can attenuate cocaine's ability to increase extracellular dopamine concentrations and gross locomotor activity. Ethanol, lorazepam (Ativan), and gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG) significantly and dose-dependently attenuated cocaine-induced dopamine release in the corpus striatum of freely moving animals. Unlike ethanol or lorazepam, however, GVG is not a sedative hypnotic in the doses used, and hence the strategy of selectively increasing GABAergic activity by suicide inhibition of the catabolic enzyme, GABA-transaminase, offers the unique advantage of attenuating cocaine-induced dopamine release without the apparent side effects typically associated with sedative hypnotics.
Skeletal Muscle Performance in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency (1990)

Skeletal muscle mass and function were assessed in 24 adults (16 males, 8 females) with severe, long-standing GH deficiency. Compared to 41 untrained controls (26 males, 15 females), adults with GH deficiency had reduced cross-sectional area of thigh muscle/body weight (p = 0.01), reduced quadriceps force/weight (males: p = 0.002; females: p less than 0.0001), and reduced quadriceps force/muscle area (males: p = 0.005). This suggests (a) that adults with GH deficiency have reduced skeletal muscle mass due, in part, to the absence of the anabolic effects of GH, and (b) that skeletal muscle force may be reduced due to altered muscle mass, contractile elements/muscle fibre, anaerobic energy supply, neural recruitment of fibres, or a combination of these.
Key Technologies for Knowledge-Based Cross-Border E-Commerce Risk Assessment &ndash; Accurate Commodity Classification and Efficient Knowledge Acquisition (2017)

The potentially conflicting regulations of different nations add risks to cross-border e-commerce (CBEC), and the characteristic of small volume, multi-batch commodity transactions makes CBEC hard to be inspected by human experts. In this paper a knowledge-based CBEC risk assessment system is proposed and special attention is paid to the improvement of system functions including commodity classification and knowledge acquisition. While the former focuses on the accurate recognition of product types in order that right regulations can be applied to the product, the latter accomplishes the transformation from textual regulations into formatted, computer understandable rules with the least mistakes and redundancies. These two techniques collectively improves the usability of the knowledge-based CBEC risk assessment system to a practical level.
[Correlative factors analysis of recurrence of endometriosis after conservative surgery]. (2005)

The risk factors for recurrence of endometriosis include a history of endometriosis surgery, bilateral endometrioma, left endometrioma, tenderness nodules at cul-de-sac, post-operative administration of clomiphene, post-operative r-AFS scores,whereas the protective factors include the post-operative gravidity, post-operative adjuvant therapy and age at surgery.
Determination of Fatigue Damage. (1980)

The deformation response of polycrystalline AA2024-T4 to cyclic loading has been determined by conventional and double-crystal diffractometry. These studies show a preferential work-hardening near the surface compared to the bulk. The defect distribution as a function of depth was also investigated as a function of the fraction of fatigue life. From these studies, it was determined that the remaining fatigue life could be predicted by determining the average ratio beta/beta* where beta is the linewidth at any number of fatigue cycles and beta* is the critical linewidth at fracture. Current studies have shown these predictions to be valid for tests where the stress amplitude is held constant for the entire test. A few tests have also been performed where the loading sequence is more complicated. In these tests, the X-ray predictive method was found to be far more accurate than conventional methods. (Author)
A Bidentate Terephthalamide Ligand, TAMmeg, as an Entry into Terephthalamide-Containing Therapeutic Iron Chelating Agents (2006)

A new bidentate 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalamide ligand, 2,3-dihydroxy-N,N'-bis(2-methoxyethyl)terephthalamide (TAMmeg), has been prepared. The ligand, its synthetic precursor 2,3-bis(benzyloxy)-N,N'-bis(2-methoxy-ethyl)-terephthalamide (BnTAMmeg), and its iron complex have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. BnTAMmeg crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with cell parameters a = 14.4976(14) A, b = 11.5569(11) A, c = 16.3905(16) A, beta = 113.621(1) degrees , and Z = 4. TAMmeg crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with cell parameters a = 13.8060(36) A, b = 8.0049(21) A, c = 19.4346(50) A, beta = 106.855(4) degrees , and Z = 4. Fe[TAMmeg] crystallizes in the triclinic space group P with cell parameters a = 12.9565(14) A, b = 13.4514(14) A, c = 20.2092(21) A, alpha = 102.093(2) degrees , beta = 95.433(2) degrees , gamma = 101.532(2) degrees , and Z = 2. The aqueous protonation and ferric ion coordination chemistry of TAMmeg were examined using potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods. Proton association constants and iron complex formation constants for the ligand are as follows: log beta(011) = 10.32, log beta(012) = 16.49, log beta(110) = 17.9, log beta(120) = 32.1, and log beta(130) = 43.0. The ferric complex of TAMmeg is surprisingly stable for a bidentate terephthalamide iron complex. The only more-stable bidentate terephthalamide iron complex that has been reported contains a ligand with positively charged pendant arms.
Genotyping SNPs With the LightCycler (2004)

Here, a single nucleotide polymorphism typing methodology is described based on polymerase chain reaction monitoring, in real time, of fluorescently labeled amplified products using the LightCycler. The main advantages of the system are the time required for the analysis (about 20 min), combined with the robustness, accuracy, and the sensitivity of the method.
Synthesis and Properties of Fullerene Nanowhiskers and Fullerene Nanotubes (2005)

Fine needle-like crystals of C60, were discovered in 2001 in a colloidal solution of PZT ceramics added with C60. Not only the C60 nanowhiskers but also the nanowhiskers composed of C70 and C60 derivatives can be synthesized at room temperature by using the liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method (LLIP method). Tubular nanowhiskers, fullerene nanotubes composed of C60 and C70 molecules can be synthesized by the LLIP method as well. These nanofibers are pure carbon semiconductors and have wide potential applications in the fields of electronics, optics, MEMS, catalysts, energy and environment. The nanofibers are now establishing a new scientific field of nanomaterials for the coming all carbon device age. In this paper, the synthesis and various novel properties of nanofibers are presented.
A trichromatic phosphor-free white light-emitting diode by using adhesive bonding scheme (2009)

A trichromatic phosphor-free white light-emitting diode (LED) has been implemented by using adhesive bonding scheme. The device has been operated as a three-terminal device with independent electrical control of an AlGaInPbased red LED chip and a GaN-based dual-wavelength (blue and green) LED chip. As 25mA and 60mA was injected into the red and blue-green LED chips at room temperature respectively, white light emission could be observed with CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.3330,0.3241), correlated color temperature Tc=5467K and optical power Φe=2.223mW. The electroluminescence measurements also show that the emitted white light is composed of blue, green and red lights, centered at around 452nm, 517nm and 632nm. The fabrication and the electrical and optical performances of such white LED were described.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORINATION OF PERFLUOROALKYLSULFENYL CHLORIDES, PERFLUORODIALKYL DISULFIDES AND PERFLUORODIALKYL SULFIDES WITH CHLORINE MONOFLUORIDE (1973)

Abstract Die Perfluoralkylschwefelchloride (I) reagieren mit Chlormonofluorid im Überschuß zu den Tetrafluorschwefelchloriden (II), während die Penta?udride (III) nur in geringen Mengen gebildet werden.
Structure of Gossypol. II. Acylation (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of Gossypol. II. AcylationR. F. Miller, D. J. Butterbaugh, and Roger AdamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 9, 1729–1731Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01288a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01288a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PÉDAGOGIES. Didactique. Le recherche en didactique de l'Histoire (1994)

Restricting dietary sodium is a common recommendation given by clinicians to patients with heart failure and is one supported by current guidelines. However, the quality of evidence for this recommendation is suboptimal, and there is no consensus on the optimal level of sodium intake. Though excessive sodium intake is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and hypertension, recent data have suggested that very low sodium intake is paradoxically associated with worse outcomes for patients with heart failure. This is possibly explained by the association between low sodium intake and activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems. Nevertheless, sodium restriction is routinely recommended and remains a cornerstone of heart failure and blood pressure therapy. In this review we discuss the pros and cons of sodium restriction for patients with heart failure from the current literature.
THE PREPARATION OF PALLADOUS OXIDE AND ITS USE AS A CATALYST IN THE REDUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.<sup>1</sup> VI (1924)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION OF PALLADOUS OXIDE AND ITS USE AS A CATALYST IN THE REDUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.1 VIR. L. Shriner and Roger AdamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1924, 46, 7, 1683–1693Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1924https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01672a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01672a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Theory of electron transfer reactions (1994)

An objective of the research performed on this grant is the understanding of the detailed behavior of a variety of electron transfer processes. Theories were developed for (a) the rate of electron transfer between a reagent in one liquid phase and another in a second (immiscible) liquid or polymer, (b) the rate of long distance electron transfer in proteins, (c) charge transfers spectra in frozen media, (d) scanning tunneling microscopy (stm) of molecular adsorbates, and (e) analysis of models of solvents used in computer simulations of electron transfer, particularly examining the error incurred by their common neglect of the electronic and vibrational contributions of the solvent's dielectric response.