gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia and Anemia: Factors in Decreased Sensitivity to Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy? (2004)

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors that occurs across a wide variety of malignancies. Hypoxia and anemia (which contributes to tumor hypoxia) can lead to ionizing radiation and chemotherapy resistance by depriving tumor cells of the oxygen essential for the cytotoxic activities of these agents. Hypoxia may also reduce tumor sensitivity to radiation therapy and chemotherapy through one or more indirect mechanisms that include proteomic and genomic changes. These effects, in turn, can lead to increased invasiveness and metastatic potential, loss of apoptosis, and chaotic angiogenesis, thereby further increasing treatment resistance. Investigations of the prognostic significance of pretreatment tumor oxygenation status have shown that hypoxia (oxygen tension [pO(2)] value < or =10 mmHg) is associated with lower overall and disease-free survival, greater recurrence, and less locoregional control in head and neck carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and soft-tissue sarcoma. In view of the deleterious effect of hypoxia on standard cancer treatment, a variety of hypoxia- and anemia-targeted therapies have been studied in an effort to improve therapeutic effectiveness and patient outcomes. Early evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) may enhance the effectiveness of radiation therapy and chemotherapy by increasing hemoglobin levels and ameliorating anemia in patients with disease- or treatment-related anemia. However, further research is needed in the area of hypoxia-related treatment resistance and its reversal.
Metallography and Microstructures of Cast Iron (2004)

Abstract This article describes the metallographic specimen preparation procedures for cast iron test samples, including mounting, grinding, polishing, and etching. It discusses the makeup and use of black-and-white and selective color etchants and where one might be preferred over the other. The article provides information on nearly 100 micrographs, discussing the microstructure of flake graphite in gray iron, nodular graphite in ductile iron, and temper graphite in malleable iron. It also examines the matrix microstructures of gray, ductile, compacted, and malleable cast iron samples.
Kinetic control of aqueous polymerization using radicals generated in different spin states (2017)

Background: Magnetic fields can interact with liquid matter in a homogeneous and instantaneous way, without physical contact, independently of its temperature, pressure, and agitation degree, and without modifying recipes nor heat and mass transfer conditions. In addition, magnetic fields may affect the mechanisms of generation and termination of free radicals. This paper is devoted to the elucidation of the appropriate conditions needed to develop magnetic field effects for controlling the kinetics of polymerization of water soluble monomers. Methods: Thermal- and photochemically-initiated polymerizations were investigated at different initiator and monomer concentrations, temperatures, viscosities, and magnetic field intensities. Results: Significant magnetic field impact on the polymerization kinetics was only observed in photochemically-initiated polymerizations carried out in viscous media and performed at relatively low magnetic field intensity. Magnetic field effects were absent in polymerizations in low viscosity media and thermally-initiated polymerizations performed at low and high magnetic field intensities. The effects were explained in terms of the radical pair mechanism for intersystem crossing of spin states. Conclusion: Polymerization kinetics of water soluble monomers can be potentially controlled using magnetic fields only under very specific reaction conditions.
Monitoring of fatigue damage of composite structures by using embedded intensity-based optical fiber sensors (2001)

In this paper, the feasibility of real-time monitoring of the fatigue damage of composite laminates under fatigue loading using the embedded intensity-based optical fiber (IBOF) sensors was evaluated. The IBOF sensor system used in this study has a relatively simple sensing principle. Thus the system can be composed of inexpensive components compared with other optical fiber sensors such as Fabry-Perot and Bragg grating sensors. The performance of the fabricated IBOF sensors was evaluated by comparison with a surface-mounted extensometer. The process of conversion of the detected IBOF sensor signal into the stiffness was proposed. Experimental results showed that the sensing response of embedded IBOF sensors showed good agreement with that of the surface-mounted extensometer. The IBOF sensor system showed good potential as a health monitoring system which can give composite structures the capability of fatigue damage monitoring by detecting the stiffness change of the composite structures under fatigue loading. The IBOF sensors showed relatively good durability under fatigue loading compared with commercial electrical strain gages.
Addressing the Needs of Children With Complex Communication Needs and Their Partners in Areas of Poverty: To Haiti and Back (2017)

An estimated 1 billion people (15% of the world's population) experience a disability, such as a communication disability. Individuals with disabilities have an increased likelihood of living in poverty and often experience decreased access to medical, educational, and rehabilitation services (Danquah et al., 2014; World Health Organization & The World Bank, 2011) with approximately two-thirds of the world's poor living in low-and middle-income nations such as Haiti (Rank & Yadama, 2007). The aim of this article is to describe augmentative and alternative (AAC) service delivery considerations for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work with individuals who live in poverty. Case examples of AAC services within areas of poverty in Haiti and the United States are provided to illustrate practice recommendations. To achieve best-practice standards, SLPs who provide AAC services must consider how poverty might influence a family's socio-historic context, access to resources and services, and community participation goals. Furthermore, it is critical that SLPs recognize individuals' and families' strengths, evaluate the sustainability of AAC services, and work within a team to empower individuals with complex communication needs to participate in desired roles within the community.
New technologies for in-flight pasteless bioelectrodes. (1993)

Advances in development of in-flight electrophysiological-based systems such as G-LOC detectors, ECG-synchronized G-suits, and clinical monitors have dictated the need for pasteless electrodes that meet realistic operational demands and are suitable for the cockpit environment. New technologies appropriate for the design of bioelectrodes that meet these demands are described, including a stable dielectric electrode-skin interface material, miniaturized high-impedance electronics, and circuit fabrication methods. Design examples and resulting electrophysiological recordings are presented to demonstrate the new technologies.
<title>Situation assessment and impact assessment activities in information fusion</title> (2001)

This paper will provide a description of multiple research efforts in the area of information fusion being conducted at the Fusion Technology Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory. It will describe a series of innovative approaches of traditional fusion algorithms that heuristic reasoning techniques to improve situational assessment and threat prediction. Major features of the presentation will cover Bayesian techniques, Knowledge Based approaches, Artificial Neural Systems (Neural Networks), Fuzzy Logic, and Genetic Algorithms.
Diabetic short-wavelength sensitivity: variations with induced changes in blood glucose level. (1994)

Experimentally induced changes in diabetic blood glucose levels can directly affect diabetic short-wavelength sensitivity.
Structural Determinants of Aldosterone Binding Selectivity in the Mineralocorticoid Receptor (1999)

The structural determinants of aldosterone binding specificity in the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) have not been determined. The MR has greatest sequence identity with the better characterized glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is reflected in their overlapping ligand binding specificities. There must be subtle sequence differences that can account for the MR-specific binding of aldosterone and the shared binding of cortisol. To characterize ligand binding specificity, chimeras were made between the human MR and GR ligand-binding domains (LBDs). Three points were chosen as break points to generate a total of 16 different constructs. These chimeric LBDs were placed in a human GR expression vector containing the GR DNA-binding and N-terminal domains and assayed by co-transfection into CV-1 cells with the mouse mammary tumor virus-luciferase reporter plasmid. Binding of [(3)H]aldosterone and [(3)H]dexamethasone was also measured. All of the constructs that are potently activated by aldosterone contain amino acids 804-874 of the MR. The results of the ligand binding experiments using [(3)H]aldosterone were consistent with the transactivation assay. Cortisol activation of the chimeras was surprisingly complex. Constructs that are activated by cortisol contain either amino acids 804-874 and 932-984 of the MR or amino acids 598-668 and 726-777 of the GR. However, all of the chimeras retained the ability to bind the synthetic glucocorticoid [(3)H]dexamethasone, and cortisol was able to displace [(3)H]dexamethasone binding, suggesting that the differential effects of cortisol on transcriptional activation are caused by an effect that occurs downstream of ligand binding. These results identify a subregion of the MR LBD that confers specificity of aldosterone binding, which contrasts with cortisol binding where differential effects between chimeras appear to be mediated by interactions distal to ligand binding.
Efficient Attention: Attention with Linear Complexities (2021)

Dot-product attention has wide applications in computer vision and natural language processing. However, its memory and computational costs grow quadratically with the input size. Such growth prohibits its application on high- resolution inputs. To remedy this drawback, this paper proposes a novel efficient attention mechanism equivalent to dot-product attention but with substantially less memory and computational costs. Its resource efficiency allows more widespread and flexible integration of attention modules into a network, which leads to better accuracies. Empirical evaluations demonstrated the effectiveness of its advantages. Efficient attention modules brought significant performance boosts to object detectors and instance segmenters on MS-COCO 2017. Further, the resource efficiency democratizes attention to complex models, where high costs prohibit the use of dot-product attention. As an exemplar, a model with efficient attention achieved state-of- the-art accuracies for stereo depth estimation on the Scene Flow dataset. Code is available at https://github.com/cmsflash/efficient-attention.
Application of Exsolved Structures as a Route to More Robust Anodes for Improved Biogas Utilisation in SOFCs (2015)

Biogas is a potentially readily available fuel which could be especially useful when combined with the efficient energy conversion in SOFCs. This could be especially important in rural or remote locations where grid electricity is not available. Biogas contains mixture of methane CO 2 with inherently high levels of H 2 S, therefore to improve performance in biogas more robust anodes are required that are more tolerant to both carbon and sulphur. In this paper the use of catalyst nanoparticles exsolved onto porous as a possible method of producing more resistant structures is discussed. All of the options showed good performance in reformed biogas mixtures with the exsolved structures showing improved resistance to carbon deposition. The performance of all dropped when exposed to sulphur, however many were also observed to recover once this was removed and so give encouragement for the development of robust anodes that can withstand sulphur breakthrough without catastrophic stack failure.
K-ras oncogene subtype mutations are associated with survival but not expression of p53, p16INK4A, p21WAF-1, cyclin D1, erbB-2 and erbB-3 in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2000)

Previous studies of molecular prognostic markers following resection for exocrine pancreatic cancer have produced conflicting results. Our aim was to undertake a comprehensive analysis of potentially useful molecular markers in a large, multicentre patient population and to compare these markers with standard pathological prognostic variables. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were analysed from 157 patients [100 men and 57 women with a median (range) age of 60 (33-77) years] who had undergone pancreatectomy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of p16(INK4), p53, p21(WAF1), cyclin D1, erbB-2 and erbB-3. Mutations in codons 12 and 13 of the K-ras oncogene were detected by SSCP and sequencing following DNA extraction and amplification by PCR. The median (range) survival post-resection was 12.5 (3-83) months. Abnormalities of p16(INK4), p53, p21(WAF1), cyclin D1, erbB-2 and erbB-3 expression were found in 87%, 41%, 75%, 72%, 33% and 57% of cases, respectively. There was no significant correlation between expression of any of these markers and patient survival. K-ras mutations were found in 73 (75%) of 97 cases with amplifiable DNA. The presence of K-ras mutation alone did not correlate with survival, but there were significant differences in survival according to the type of K-ras mutation (p = 0.0007). Reduced survival was found in patients with GaT, cGT and GcT K-ras mutations compared to GtT, aGT and GaC mutations. In conclusion, survival was associated with type of K-ras mutation but not expression of p16(INK4), p53, p21(WAF1), cyclin D1, erbB-2 and erbB-3.
RGD targeting of human ferritin iron oxide nanoparticles enhances in vivo MRI of vascular inflammation and angiogenesis in experimental carotid disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm (2016)

1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1144-1153.
The Impact Of Temporal Impairment On Quality Of Experience (Qoe) In Video Streaming: A No Reference (Nr) Subjective And Objective Study (2015)

Live video streaming is one of the most widely used service among end users, yet it is a big challenge for the network operators in terms of quality. The only way to provide excellent Quality of Experience (QoE) to the end users is continuous monitoring of live video streaming. For this purpose, there are several objective algorithms available that monitor the quality of the video in a live stream. Subjective tests play a very important role in fine tuning the results of objective algorithms. As human perception is considered to be the most reliable source for assessing the quality of a video stream subjective tests are conducted in order to develop more reliable objective algorithms. Temporal impairments in a live video stream can have a negative impact on the end users. In this paper we have conducted subjective evaluation tests on a set of video sequences containing temporal impairment known as frame freezing. Frame Freezing is considered as a transmission error as well as a hardware error which can result in loss of video frames on the reception side of a transmission system. In our subjective tests, we have performed tests on videos that contain a single freezing event and also for videos that contain multiple freezing events. We have recorded our subjective test results for all the videos in order to give a comparison on the available No Reference (NR) objective algorithms. Finally, we have shown the performance of no reference algorithms used for objective evaluation of videos and suggested the algorithm that works better. The outcome of this study shows the importance of QoE and its effect on human perception. The results for the subjective evaluation can serve the purpose for validating objective algorithms.
Renin inhibitors. Dipeptide analogs of angiotensinogen incorporating transition-state, nonpeptidic replacements at the scissile bond (1987)

A series of dipeptide analogues of angiotensinogen have been prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the aspartic proteinase renin. The compounds were derived from the renin substrate by replacing the scissile amide bond with a transition-state mimic and by incorporating bioisosteric replacements for the Val-10 amide bond. Analogue 21a exhibited an IC50 of 7.6 nM against purified human renin, showed high specificity for this enzyme, and produced a hypotensive response in anesthetized, salt-depleted cynomolgus monkeys.
Examination of Full Fat and Reduced Fat Cheddar Cheese During Ripening by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (1998)

The Fourier transform infrared spectra of reduced fat Cheddar cheese and full fat Cheddar cheese during ripening were examined. A suitable sampling procedure was used to obtain the spectra of cheese samples. The spectra were affected by the moisture contents of the samples, but this effect could be eliminated by equilibration of the sample for at least 10 min before data collection. Strong and well-separated bands at 1744, 1450, 1240, 1170, and 1115 cm-1 arising from fat were observed in the frozen samples. The bands observed at 1650 and 1540 cm-1 were attributed to the protein contents of the cheese samples. The absorption intensities of protein and fat bands corresponded to the amounts of protein and fat that were present in the samples. Distinct changes in the bands of fat and protein of reduced fat and full fat cheese samples occurred during ripening. This technique could provide a basis for a rapid characterization and determination of the age of cheese undergoing ripening.
Molecular cloning of Snyder-Theilen feline leukemia and sarcoma viruses: comparative studies of feline sarcoma virus with its natural helper virus and with Moloney murine sarcoma virus (1980)

Extrachromosomal DNA obtained from mink cells acutely infected with the Snyder-Theilen (ST) strain of feline sarcoma virus (feline leukemia virus) [FeSV(FeLV)] was fractionated electrophoretically, and samples enriched for FeLV and FeSV linear intermediates were digested with EcoRI and cloned in lambda phage. Hybrid phages were isolated containing either FeSV or FeLV DNA "inserts" and were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis, R-looping with purified 26 to 32S viral RNA, and heteroduplex formation. The recombinant phages (designated lambda FeSV and lambda FeLV) contain all of the genetic information represented in FeSV and FeLV RNA genomes but lack one extended terminally redundant sequence of 750 bases which appears once at each end of parental linear DNA intermediates. Restriction enzyme and heteroduplex analyses confirmed that sequences unique to FeSV (src sequences) are located at the center of the FeSV genome and are approximately 1.5 kilobase pairs in length. With respect to the 5'-3' orientation of genes in viral RNA, the order of genes in the FeSV genome is 5'-gag-src-env-c region-3'; only 0.9 kilobase pairs of gag and 0.6 kilobase pairs of env-derived FeLV sequences are represented in ST FeSV. Heteroduplex analyses between lambda FeSV or lambda FeLV DNA and Moloney murine sarcoma virus DNA (strain m1) were performed under conditions of reduced stringency to demonstrate limited regions of base pair homology. Two such regions were identified: the first occurs at the extreme 5' end of the leukemia and both sarcoma viral genomes, whereas the second corresponds to a 5' segment of leukemia virus "env" sequences conserved in both sarcoma viruses. The latter sequences are localized at the 3' end of FeSV src and at the 5' end of murine sarcoma virus src and could possibly correspond to regions of helper virus genomes that are required for retroviral transforming functions.
Novel active hybrid circuit and its applications (1975)

A novel active hybrid circuit using operational amplifiers is proposed; its performance is analysed and experimental results are given. As applications, a fully integrable repeater circuit for the 2-wire telephone system and a grounded circulator are presented.
Welcome to wellness (2013)

On behalf of everyone at the NMHP I'd like to extend a very warm welcome for you to attend the second 'Nurses and Midwives Wellness Conference' in Melbourne on Friday 24 May 2013.
Synthesis, Structure and Solvatochromism of the Emission of Cyano-Substituted Oligo(phenylenevinylene)s (2001)

Strongly luminescent and highly soluble oligo(phenylenevinylene)s with five benzene rings and cyano groups in different positions of the terminal styrene units were prepared by means of Horner and Knoevenagel reactions. The substitution pattern − cyanide moieties on the vinyl or on the aromatic regions, together with the effect of auxochromic groups − has distinct influences on the electronic spectra, particularly on the fluorescence. Polar solvents induce red shifts and strongly reduce the fluorescence intensity of the vinyl-substituted oligomers. Cyano substitution increases the electron affinity of the oligomers; this effect is more pronounced for molecules with vinyl cyanides and can be altered by the presence of additional electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups. The molecular structures of one oligomer bearing cyano groups on the vinylene segments and one with benzonitrile units have been resolved.
Experiment of 28 GHz Band 5G super wideband transmission using beamforming and beam tracking in high mobility environment (2016)

This paper presents some results of experimental trial in high mobility environment for the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication systems using 28 GHz band. In order to tackle rapidly increasing traffic for 2020 and beyond, new radio access network for the 5G mobile communication systems will introduce the use of higher-frequency bands such as spectra higher than 10 GHz to achieve higher capacity and super high bit rate transmission of several tens of Gbps. The target of this experimental trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of using 28 GHz band with super-wide bandwidth of 800 MHz for 5G mobile communication systems. To compensate large path-loss in higher frequency, the beamforming based on Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is one of promising techniques and can be combined with spatial multiplexing of multiple data streams to achieve much higher capacity. In addition, to support the mobility of mobile station (MS), beam tracking technique is important. In this paper, we show some results of the outdoor experiment of Massive MIMO beamforming combined with spatial multiplexing in high mobility environment with MS speed of up to 60 km/h by using prototype system with base station (BS) having 96-element array antenna and MS having smartphone-shape antenna with 8 elements. We also show that maximum throughput of 3.77 Gbps can be achieved with MS speed of 60 km/h by using beamforming with 2-stream multiplexing and beam tracking.