gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins: Structural and Molecular Relationships (1991)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important metabolic and mitogenic factors involved in cell growth and metabolism. IGF-I and -II belong to a family of peptide hormones that include relaxin and insulin, and they share a high degree of structural similarity with proinsulin. They are produced in the liver and multiple other tissues, and are partially growth hormone dependent. These peptides interact with specific high affinity receptors, designated as type I and type II IGF receptors, as well as with the insulin receptor. IGFs have direct effects on somatic growth and on the proliferation of many tissues and cell types, both in vivo and in vitro. IGF-I is currently thought to be the main mediator of the growth promoting actions of human growth hormone and IGFs also have a profound effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, distinct from that of insulin. A recently recognized class of proteins which have high affinity and specificity for the IGFs, the IGF binding proteins (designated as IGFBPs; Ballard et al., 1989; Rosenfeld et al., 1990), have been shown to be involved in modulation of the proliferative and mitogenic effects of IGFs on cells. The molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of the IGFBPs with the IGFs and their receptors remain unclear, but it is certain that a full understanding of the actions of IGF in vivo will require the characterization of these binding proteins.
Electronic transport behavior of off-stoichiometric La and Nb doped SrxTiyO3−δ epitaxial thin films and donor doped single-crystalline SrTiO3 (2011)

Above room temperature electronic transport properties of SrxTiyO3−δ films with cation A/B = (La + Sr/Nb + Ti) ratios of 0.9 to 1.2 are compared to STO single crystals with combined Hall carrier densities of 3 × 1016 cm−3 ≤ nH ≤ 1022 cm−3. In contrast to Hall mobility which is single crystal-like (μH ≈ 6 cm2/Vs) only near A/B = 1, the Seebeck coefficient (S) is single crystal-like over a range of nonstoichiometry. For nH &lt; 1020 cm−3, S is well described by nondegenerate band-like transport with a constant effective mass m∗/mo ≈ 5–8. For nH &gt; 1021 cm−3, S is metallic-like with m∗/mo ∼ 8. No marked increase in m∗ with decreasing nH owing to a carrier filling dependence is observed.
Introduction to proteomics (2002)

by Daniel C. Liebler Published by Humana Hardback 150 pages, price £40.00, ISBN 0‐89603‐991‐9 Paperback 210 pages, price £18.95, ISBN 0‐89603‐992‐7
Plant extracts as supplements for lactating sows: effects on piglet performance, sow food intake and diet digestibility (2003)

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the plant extracts Yucca shidigera, Quillaja saponaria and a combination (a blend of capsicum, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde) to stimulate piglet and sow performance when used as supplements in the diets of lactating sows. These extracts were selected for their potential benefits to health, appetite and digestion. Eighty hybrid sows were housed in conventional indoor farrowing crates from day 107 of gestation until weaning. Sows were allocated according to parity, live weight, fatness and past reproductive performance, to one of four dietary treatments: control (C), combination (COM, 100 g/t food), yucca (Y, 200 g/t), quillaja (Q, 250 g/t). Between days 107 to 114 of gestation, sows received 2·5 kg food per day of their respective diet. During lactation food was offered ad libitum with sow food intake (FI) recorded daily. Faecal samples were obtained from sows daily in order to measure diet digestibility using titanium dioxide as an external marker. Piglet live weight and sow P2 backfat were recorded on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 and at weaning on day 23 (s.e.2·5). Piglet live weight and rectal temperature were measured at birth and 24 h of age. Piglet growth between birth and 24 h was significantly affected by sow treatment. Litters from COM sows held the greatest advantage (117 v. C 99, Q 77, Y 107 g per pig per day, P < 0·01, s.e. = 7·9). Piglet body temperature at birth was also higher in COM litters when compared with treatment C (38·58 v. 37·95oC, P < 0·05)). Q and Y piglets were intermediate between the two. Sow treatment had no effect on piglet performance between day 1 and 14 of lactation. However, between days 15 and 21, piglets from COM sows again significantly outperformed all other treatments (COM 290, C 246, Q 235, Y 255 g per pig per day, P < 0·001, s.e. = 9·3). Piglet weights on day 21 were also significantly greater for the COM sows (6878 g v . C 6584 g, Q 6330 g, Y 6498 g, P < 0·05 s.e. = 132). No benefit was seen from supplementation with either yucca or quillaja extracts on piglet growth. Sow FI and P2 backfat loss between parturition and weaning were unaffected by treatment. However, diet digestibility was enhanced by all supplements during week 1 of lactation in terms of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein. It is concluded that some plant extracts may enhance piglet and sow performance prior to weaning.
Stable ferromagnetism and half-metallicity in two-dimensional polyporphyrin frameworks (2013)

Two-dimensional (2D) organic materials with stable electron spin polarization, ferromagnetic ordering and half-metallicity are quite promising for spintronics, due to their long spin coherence length and mechanical flexibility. Here, using porphyrin molecules as building blocks, we propose a novel 2D periodic organic nanomaterial (2D-polyporphyrin) from first-principles calculations. The recent experimental progress on the one-dimensional (1D) Zn-porphyrin arrays hints the plausibility of these 2D polyporphyrin frameworks. We show that electron spin-polarization can be achieved in both metal-free and transition-metal-embedded 2D-polyporphyrins. Cr-polyporphyrin (Cr-PP) in particular has stable ferromagnetic ordering with a Curie temperature (Tc) of about 187 K as indicated by the Monte Carlo simulations based on the 2D Ising model, which is much higher than that reported in the 2D Mn-phthalocyanine framework. The ferromagnetic Cr-PP nanosheet can be tuned to half-metallic by electron doping. The present work opens up an avenue for the development of 2D organic nanostructures with stable ferromagnetism and half-metallicity.
Activation Energies for Oxygen Reduction on Platinum Alloys:  Theory and Experiment (2005)

A combined theoretical and experimental analysis of the electrode potential dependencies of activation energies is presented for the first step in oxygen reduction over platinum and platinum alloy catalysts in both polycrystalline and carbon supported form. Tafel data for several of the catalysts are used to predict potential-dependent activation energies for oxygen reduction over the 0.6-0.9 V range in strong and weak acid. Comparisons with the theoretical curve show good agreement above 0.8 V, suggesting a fairly constant preexponential factor. Arrhenius determinations of activation energies over the 0.7-0.9 V range yield little trend for weak acid, possibly because of the larger uncertainties in the Arrhenius fits, but the strong acid results have smaller uncertainties and for them the measured activation energies trend up with potential.
Novel Transformations of γ-Silyl Nitro Compounds (2001)

Introduction of a gamma-silyl group into nitro compounds of dihydrobenzofuran, dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene, and dihydrofuran allowed new transformations to take place in the presence of a Lewis acid to give the corresponding alpha,beta-unsaturated oximes or multisubstituted dihydrofurans, respectively, in good to excellent yields.[reaction: see text]
Study on the changes of plasma levels of brain natriureticpeptide and homocysteine in patients with acute cerebral infarction (2009)

Objective To explore the changes of plasma levels of BNP and Hcy in patients with acute cerebral infarction and the possible pathophysiologic implications.Methods Plasma BNP and Hcy levels in 80 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 30 healthy controls were determined by chemiluminescence method.Results The levels of BNP and Hcy[(153.24±69.76 )ng/L,(30.34±9.46 ) μmol/L]in patients with acute cerebral infarction were significantly higher than those in control groups[( 85.16 ±28.15 ) ng/L,(11.54±3.29) μmol/L](P＜0.01),and plasma BNP and Hcy levels in patients with large infarction area were significandy higher than those in patients with small infarction area (P＜0.01).Conclusion Plasma BNP and Hcy are increased significantly in patients with cerebral infarction,and are highly associated with the occurence of cerebral infarction.They possibly play a key role in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction.

Key words: 
Acute cerebral infarction;  Brain natriuretiepeptide;  Homocysteine
Identification of Anti-Thrombin Antibodies in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome That Interfere with the Inactivation of Thrombin by Antithrombin (2001)

The combined presence of anti-phospholipid (PL) Ab, including lupus anticoagulants (LAC) and/or anticardiolipin Ab (aCL), and thrombosis is recognized as the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). LAC are detected as an inhibitory effect on PL-restricted in vitro blood coagulation tests, and are comprised mainly of Ab against beta(2) glycoprotein I and prothrombin (PT). Recently, anti-PT Ab (aPT) were found to be associated with thrombosis by some investigators, although this is not confirmed by others. Considering that aPT are heterogeneous in patients and that PT is converted into thrombin, we hypothesize that certain aPT in patients may bind to thrombin, and that some of such anti-thrombin Ab may interfere with thrombin-antithrombin (AT) interaction and thus reduce the AT inactivation of thrombin. To test this hypothesis, we searched for anti-thrombin Ab in APS patients and then studied those found for their effects on the AT inactivation of thrombin. The results revealed that most, but not all, aPT-positive patient plasma samples contained anti-thrombin Ab. To study the functional significance of these Ab, we identified six patient-derived mAb that bound to both PT and thrombin. Of these mAb, three could reduce the AT inactivation of thrombin, whereas others had minimal effect. These findings indicate that some aPT in patients react with thrombin, and that some of such anti-thrombin Ab could inhibit feedback regulation of thrombin. Because the latter anti-thrombin Ab are likely to promote clotting, it will be important to develop specific assays for such Ab and study their roles in thrombosis in APS patients.
Introduction (2020)

In introducing this text the authors draw on very recent trends in academia and sport policy which have emphasised an increased focus on the person in the coaching process. In doing so the introduction sets the scene for the rest of the book in highlighting the growing expectation on sport bodies and its coaches to be able to provide settings which meet the needs, interests and aspirations of diverse groups. Coaching is professionalising and it is incumbent on its workforce to widen access, improve opportunity and enhance quality of provision. Significant factors in achieving this are presented as enhancing practitioner understanding of diversity, and elevation of participant knowledge to at least equal status with technical and content knowledge bases which are traditionally prioritised by coaches and coach education.
Biology of Desmoplastic Melanoma: A Case-Control Comparison With Other Melanomas (2005)

Use of case-matched control patients matched for tumor thickness avoids biases introduced by the advanced Breslow stage of DMs. DMs are more locally aggressive than thickness-matched controls, and positive sentinel nodes are limited to patients with thick primary tumors. Importantly, patients with DM have survival rates similar to patients with other melanomas of similar thickness.
Pillar Cuvettes: Capillary-Filled, Microliter Quartz Cuvettes with Microscale Path Lengths for Optical Spectroscopy (2015)

The goal of most analytical techniques is to reduce the lower limit of detection; however, it is sometimes necessary to do the opposite. High sample concentrations or samples with high molar absorptivity (e.g., dyes and metal complexes) often require multiple dilution steps or laborious sample preparation prior to spectroscopic analysis. Here, we demonstrate dilution-free, one-step UV-vis spectroscopic analysis of high concentrations of platinum(IV) hexachloride in a micropillar array, that is, "pillar cuvette". The cuvette is spontaneously filled by wicking of the liquid sample into the micropillar array. The pillar height (thus, the film thickness) defines the optical path length, which was reduced to between 10 and 20 μm in this study (3 orders of magnitude smaller than in a typical cuvette). Only one small droplet (∼2 μL) of sample is required, and the dispensed volume need not be precise or even known to the analyst for accurate spectroscopy measurements. For opaque pillars, we show that absorbance is linearly related to platinum concentration (the Beer-Lambert Law). For fully transparent or semitransparent pillars, the measured absorbance was successfully corrected for the fractional surface coverage of the pillars and the transmittance of the pillars and reference. Thus, both opaque and transparent pillars can be applied to absorbance spectroscopy of high absorptivity, microliter samples. It is also shown here that the pillar array has a useful secondary function as an integrated (in-cuvette) filter for particulates. For pillar cuvette measurements of platinum solutions spiked with 6 μm diameter polystyrene spheres, filtered and unfiltered samples gave identical spectra.
Applications of metalated cyclopropenone ketals in a general synthesis of cyclopropenones. An efficient synthesis of the antibiotic penitricin (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplications of metalated cyclopropenone ketals in a general synthesis of cyclopropenones. An efficient synthesis of the antibiotic penitricinMasahiko Isaka, Satoshi Matsuzawa, Shigeru Yamago, Satoshi Ejiri, Yoshimitsu Miyachi, and Eiichi NakamuraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 20, 4727–4729Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00281a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00281a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views718Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Polarization evolution and dispersion in fibers with spatially varying birefringence (1994)

A procedure is described that allows one to solve the evolution equations in birefringent optical fibers by using repeated diagonalization. With this approach several practical problems are solved in a unified evolution in twisted fibers, sinusoidally rocked fibers, and fibers with randomly varying way. Included are last case it is shown that a phenomenological model described by Poole and others birefringence. In the applies to fibers whose axes of birefringence can take on any orientation.
Road side video surveillance in traffic scenes using map-reduce framework for accident analysis (2016)

Video surveillance and biomedical research have received a great attention in most of the active application-oriented research areas of computer vision, artificial intelligence, and image processing. Visual analysis of human motion is presently one of the active research areas in video surveillance system. Human motion analysis relates the detection, tracking and recognition of activities of the people, and more generally, the understanding of human behaviours, from image sequences involving humans. The road side traffic video surveillance aims at using several image processing methods to obtain better traffic and road safety, which in turn provides direct solution for to reducing death rate of accident victims. The distributed computing process has an efficient solution for this scalability issues in traffic video surveillance system. In this paper, a road traffic video surveillance system is proposed which can automatically identify road accidents from live video files. The system alerts neighbouring hospitals and highway rescue teams when accidents occur. This paper proposes a methodology to process the video file using map-reduce framework for better network service and better scalability solution in surveillance system. Then, the distributed video files are enhanced with Gaussian filtering. Efficient object classification and detection is carried out using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with Support Vector Machine (SVM) for traffic monitoring using video files from surveillance camera. Foreground object segmentation is a vital task which is carried out by Markov Random field (MRF) with Bayesian estimation process. This proposed method efficiently track and classify the foreground objects with use of object classification and detection and this will improve traffic monitoring in traffic scenes. The results obtained from the experiments on the proposed research shows the efficiency of traffic monitoring using traffic scenes.
IEE Power Division: Chairman's address. The solution of scientific and engineering problems in the development of electrical generating plant (1989)

Developments in large generating plant over the last 25 years are considered and some of the problems encountered during this period are described. These problems were tackled jointly by the operators and the manufacturers and were solved using a wide range of scientific and engineering methods. Different approaches to the design of large 500 MW generators are analysed, and these approaches are correlated to the risks and subsequent operating experience. It is shown how the successful solution of the problems led to the design of a range of larger generators having high reliability. Modern analytical techniques are described such as finite-element analysis of thermal and mechanical stresses, as well as of fields and electromagnetic stresses. Reference is made to the use of fracture mechanics to analyse the integrity of a large generator. Developments in large generator transformers are also considered, and a number of problems and their solution are described. In particular, the analysis of an overheating condition is considered, with the successful use of the information to prevent a further failure.
Networks for Joint Affine and Non-parametric Image Registration (2019)

We introduce an end-to-end deep-learning framework for 3D medical image registration. In contrast to existing approaches, our framework combines two registration methods: an affine registration and a vector momentum-parameterized stationary velocity field (vSVF) model. Specifically, it consists of three stages. In the first stage, a multi-step affine network predicts affine transform parameters. In the second stage, we use a Unet-like network to generate a momentum, from which a velocity field can be computed via smoothing. Finally, in the third stage, we employ a self-iterable map-based vSVF component to provide a non-parametric refinement based on the current estimate of the transformation map. Once the model is trained, a registration is completed in one forward pass. To evaluate the performance, we conducted longitudinal and cross-subject experiments on 3D magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the knee of the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) dataset. Results show that our framework achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art medical image registration approaches, but it is much faster, with a better control of transformation regularity including the ability to produce approximately symmetric transformations, and combining affine and non-parametric registration.
Influence of specific gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues on the integrity of the calcium-dependent conformation of human protein C. (1992)

The concentration of Ca2+ that produced 50% of the saturable intrinsic fluorescence change (C50) of wild-type (wt) recombinant (r) human protein C (PC) was 0.40 mM. The C50 for Ca2+ increased < 2.5-fold for the following r-PC variants (Gla is gamma-carboxyglutamic acid): [Gla6-->Asp]r-PC, [Gla7-->Asp]r-PC, [Gla14-->Asp]r-PC, [Gla19-->Asp]r-PC, or [Gla25-->Asp]r-PC, and approximately 4-6-fold for [Gla20-->Asp]r-PC and [Gla29-->Asp]r-PC. Much more dramatic increases in the C50 for Ca2+ were observed for [Gla16-->Asp]r-PC (> 75-fold) and [Gla26-->Asp]r-PC (ca. 30-fold). A substantially larger maximum fluorescence change (> 3-fold) as compared to that for wtr-PC, was also found in the case of the Ca2+/[Gla16-->Asp]r-PC complex, suggesting that the final Ca(2+)-induced conformation for this variant is dissimilar to that for wtr-PC and the above mutants. When a mutation was constructed at Arg15 ([Arg15-->Leu]r-PC), a residue conserved in all Gla-containing coagulation proteins, no fluorescence alteration occurred upon addition of Ca2+. The C50 for Ca2+ for promotion of the binding of the Ca(2+)-dependent, Gla-domain-directed, conformational monoclonal antibodies, JTC-1 and JTC-3, to wtr-PC was 3.0 and 4.0 mM, respectively. A similar C50 value was found for [Gla25-->Asp]r-PC. In the case of each antibody, approximately 4-6-fold higher C50 values for Ca2+ were found for the mutants; [Gla14-->Asp]r-PC, [Gla19-->Asp]r-PC, and [Gla29-->Asp]r-PC. Ca2+ did not promote binding of either of these antibodies to the following variants; [Gla6-->Asp]r-PC, [Gla7-->Asp] r-PC, [Arg15-->Leu]r-PC, [Gla16-->Asp]r-PC, [Gla20-->Asp]r-PC, and [Gla26-->Asp]r-PC. The results of this study suggest that adoption of the Ca(2+)-dependent conformation of PC is greatly dependent upon the presence of specific essential Gla residues, particularly those, namely Gla16 and Gla26, shown in the crystal structure of the prothrombin Gla domain/Ca2+ complex to be involved with coordination of Ca2+ ions not exposed to the surface. Of similar importance is Arg15. On the other hand, Gla residues at positions 14 and 19 are much less important in directing this same conformation. This finding is readily reconciled with the above crystal structure, which shows that these latter 2 residues are mainly responsible for coordination of a surface-exposed Ca2+ that is present at the end of the Ca(2+)-ion channel.