gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and characterization of <i>irregular xylem4</i> (<i>irx4</i>): a severely lignin‐deficient mutant of <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2001)

A severe lignin mutant, irx4, has been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana as a result of its collapsed xylem phenotype. In contrast to previously described irx mutants, irx4 plants have 50% less lignin than wild-type plants, whilst the cellulose and hemicellulose content remained unchanged. These alterations in the composition of irx4 secondary cell walls had a dramatic effect on the morphology and architecture of the walls, which expand to fill most of the cell, and also on the physical properties of irx4 stems. Further analysis indicated that the irx4 mutation occurred in a cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) gene within a highly conserved intron splice site sequence of intron 2. As a result, CCR mRNA transcripts were incorrectly spliced. Transgenic plants expressing an IRX3 promoter-CCR cDNA construct were used to generate a series of plants with varying degrees of lignin content in order to assess the role of lignin content in determining the physical properties of Arabidopsis stems.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Bovine Somatotropin: Immunoadsorbent Reagents for Mammalian Somatotropins (1984)

Twenty-nine stable hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to bovine somatotropin (bST) have been produced and characterized. Five of the monoclonal antibodies bind porcine and human somatotropins as well as bST. One of these antibodies was used as a reagent in immunoadsorbent chromatography of recombinant bST or pituitary bST from cell extracts. Following chromatography, the bST preparations retained activity in a rabbit liver radioreceptor assay and in a radioimmunoassay. The immunoadsorbent reagent bound human and porcine somatotropins as well as bovine.
Measurement of distance and velocity of a moving target by short-range high-resolution radar utilizing standing wave (2004)

In this paper, we propose a radar using standing wave, and describe the measurement principle and experiment results. This radar does not use a time delay like usual radars but uses the amplitude of the standing wave. As a result of experiments, this radar could measure the distance and velocity of a moving target using bandwidth of only 76 MHz permitted by the specification of low-power radio equipment to detect moving objects (24 GHz band). The bandwidth of the radar is narrower than that of a millimeter wave radar.
Diagnosing acute myocardial infarction with troponins: how low can you go? (2010)

The results suggest that adopting the lower troponin cut-off would reduce the proportion of 'false negatives' (patients with negative troponin who develop MACE) from 9.6% to 8.9%. Whether this reduction in 'false negatives' justifies the increase in 'false positives' warrants further investigation and discussion.
Characterization of gas-liquid parameters in a down-flow jet loop bubble column (2010)

In order to characterize the gas-liquid parameters of a down-flow jet loop reactor, experiments were carried out to study the gas holdup, bubble sizes and their distribution, mass transfer area and mass transfer coefficient. The experiments were performed in the bubbly flow regime because of its stability and uniformity. Analysis of experimental data showed an unambiguous relationship between gas holdup, bubble size, bubble size distribution and interfacial area. It has also been found that gas holdup and interfacial area is a strong function of slip velocity. The variation of interfacial area and mass transfer coefficient were also analyzed and expressed as a function of operational and geometric parameters.
Differential modulation of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type C receptor by neuroactive steroids. (1999)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid type C receptor channels (GABA(C)Rs) composed of rho subunits are pharmacologically distinct from GABA(A) receptor channels (GABA(A)Rs). This difference is illustrated by the insensitivity of homo-oligomeric rho(1) receptor channels to many known modulators of GABA(A)Rs, such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines. A number of endogenous metabolites of corticosterone and progesterone, known as neuroactive steroids, compose yet another class of compounds that can modulate GABA(A)Rs. Here, several neuroactive steroids are shown to also modulate the rho(1) receptor channel. 5alpha-Pregnane-3alpha,21-diol-20-one (allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone), 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha-ol-11, 20-dione (alphaxalone), and 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha-ol-20-one (allopregnanolone) potentiated the GABA-evoked currents from rho(1) receptor channels and concomitantly altered the deactivation kinetics by prolonging the decay time. In contrast, 5beta-pregnane-3alpha-ol-20-one (pregnanolone), 5beta-pregnane-3, 20-dione (5beta-dihydroprogesterone), and 5beta-pregnane-3alpha, 21-diol-20-one (tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone), all potentiators of GABA(A)Rs, inhibited the GABA-elicited currents of the rho(1) receptor channel. In comparison to GABA(A)Rs, the modulation of rho(1) receptor channels by these neuroactive compounds occurred with relatively high concentrations of the neuroactive steroids and was more prominent in the presence of low concentrations of GABA, equivalent to fractions of the EC(50) value of the rho(1) receptor channel. Structural comparison of these six neuroactive steroids reveals that the key parameter in determining the mode of modulation for the rho(1) receptor channel is the position of the hydrogen atom bound to the fifth carbon, imposing a trans- or cis-configuration in the backbone structure. This is the first demonstration of isomeric compounds that can differentially modulate the activity of the rho(1) receptor channel.
Strategies for Cardiac Regeneration and Repair (2014)

Heart failure is a growing epidemic caused by cardiomyocyte depletion. Current therapies prolong survival by protecting remaining cardiomyocytes but are unable to overcome the fundamental problem of regenerating lost cardiomyocytes. Several strategies for promoting heart regeneration have emerged from decades of intensive study. Although some of these strategies remain confined to basic research, others are beginning to be tested in humans. We review strategies for cardiac regeneration and summarize progress of related clinical trials.
Relationship between severity, necrosis, and apoptosis in five models of experimental acute pancreatitis (1995)

In an effort to elucidate factors that determine the severity of an attack of acute pancreatitis, we have quantitated the extent of necrosis and of apoptosis in five different models of experimental acute pancreatitis. Severe pancreatitis was induced by obstructing the opossum common bile-pancreatic duct, by administering to mice 12 hourly injections of a supramaximally stimulating dose of caerulein, and by feeding young female mice a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented diet. In each of these models of severe pancreatitis, marked necrosis but very little apoptosis was found. Mild pancreatitis was induced by obstructing the rat common bile-pancreatic duct and by infusing rats with a supramaximally stimulating dose of caerulein. In contrast to our findings in severe pancreatitis, mild pancreatitis was characterized by very little necrosis but a high degree of apoptosis. Our finding that the severity of acute pancreatitis is inversely related to the degree of apoptosis suggests that apoptosis may be a teleologically beneficial response to acinar cell injury in general and especially in acute pancreatitis.
Lateral Load Response of Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beam-to-Column Joints (1999)

First Name is required invalid characters Last Name is required invalid characters Email Address is required Invalid Email Address Invalid Email Address
Cartilage-selective genes identified in genome-scale analysis of non-cartilage and cartilage gene expression (2007)

Defining the gene expression pattern for cartilage has identified new genes that may contribute to human skeletogenesis as well as provided further candidate genes for skeletal dysplasias. The data suggest that fetal cartilage is a complex and transcriptionally active tissue and demonstrate that the set of genes selectively expressed in the tissue has been greatly underestimated.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer in studies of inter-chromophoric distances in biomolecules. (1997)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a technique widely used in studies of interchromophoric distances in biomolecules such as peptides, proteins and nucleic acids. FRET is especially useful in determination of conformational changes caused by a solvent, presence of denaturing agents, diffusion and other external factors. Precision of interchromophoric distances obtained using the FRET technique is comparable with that of low-resolution X-ray diffraction and NMR data. Comparison of FRET results with the crystal structure for several proteins is reviewed. Moreover, the effect of the orientation factor kappa2 value on FRET results and determinants of kappa2 are discussed.
Eine neue Reihe organischer Diamine; (1866)

beobaohtet und dieseReaction in den letzten Jshren nochmnla von P e r s o t (Rep.ch.appl.11, 220) studirt worden.E r erhielt eine rothe harzige Substanz, unliislich in Wasser, loslicb in Alkobol.Letztere Losung ertheilt Wolle und Seide eine wenig bestlndige rothe Farbe.Die Substanz iut nicbt analysirt worden, aber die Bildung des Furfuramids bei Einwirkung des Ammoninks auf Fur-
DC, RF, and microwave noise performance of AlGaN-GaN field effect transistors dependence of aluminum concentration (2003)

AlGaN-GaN heterostructures with different Al concentrations (20, 27, and 35%) were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on sapphire substrates. Ti-Al-Ti-Au ohmic contact optimization was investigated at different temperatures and annealing time. Heterojunction field effect transistors (HFET) with a gate length of 0.25 /spl mu/m were fabricated. Low contact resistances of 0.2, 0.26, and 0.33 /spl Omega//spl middot/mm were obtained for HFET device samples with Al concentrations of 20, 27, and 35%, respectively. For Al concentration of 20, 27, and 35%, the AlGaN-GaN devices exhibited extrinsic transconductances of 143, 152, and 210 mS/mm, I/sub dss/ of 398, 566, and 784 mA/mm, unity cutoff frequencies (f/sub T/) of 24.9, 34.6, and 50 GHz and maximum oscillation frequencies (f/sub MAX/) of 54.9, 61.8, and 100.9 GHz and minimum noise figures (F/sub min/) of 2.01, 1.47, and 1.02 dB at 12GHz, respectively. The calculated minimum noise figures have a good agreement with the measured values for all the devices with different Al mole fractions. The noise analysis shows that intrinsic noise of these AlGaN-GaN FETs plays a prominent part in the noise behavior because of improved device parasitics.
Metabolic and Community Synergy of Oral Bacteria in Colorectal Cancer (2016)

The oral periodontopathic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum has been repeatedly associated with colorectal tumors. Molecular analysis has identified specific virulence factors that promote tumorigenesis in the colon. However, other oral community members, such as members of the Porphyromonas spp., are also found with F. nucleatum on colonic tumors, and thus, narrow studies of individual pathogens do not take community-wide virulence properties into account. A broader view of oral bacterial physiology and pathogenesis identifies two factors that could promote colonization and persistence of oral bacterial communities in the colon. The polymicrobial nature of oral biofilms and the asaccharolytic metabolism of many of these species make them well suited to life in the microenvironment of colonic lesions. Consideration of these two factors offers a novel perspective on the role of oral microbiota in the initiation, development, and treatment of colorectal cancer.
Targeting netrin‐1/ <scp>DCC</scp> interaction in diffuse large B‐cell and mantle cell lymphomas (2016)

DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma) has been demonstrated to constrain tumor progression by inducing apoptosis unless engaged by its ligand netrin-1. This has been shown in breast and colorectal cancers; however, this tumor suppressive function in other cancers is not established. Using a transgenic mouse model, we report here that inhibition of DCC-induced apoptosis is associated with lymphomagenesis. In human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), an imbalance of the netrin-1/DCC ratio suggests a loss of DCC-induced apoptosis, either via a decrease in DCC expression in germinal center subtype or by up-regulation of netrin-1 in activated B-cell (ABC) one. Such imbalance is also observed in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Using a netrin-1 interfering antibody, we demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that netrin-1 acts as a survival factor for ABC-DLBCL and MCL tumor cells. Together, these data suggest that interference with the netrin-1/DCC interaction could represent a promising therapeutic strategy in netrin-1-positive DLBCL and MCL.
Induction of apoptotic cell death and prevention of tumor growth by ceramide analogues in metastatic human colon cancer. (2001)

Dysfunction in the physiological pathways of programmed cell death may promote proliferation of malignant cells, and correction of such defects may selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. We measured the levels of ceramide, a candidate lipid mediator of apoptosis, in human metastatic colorectal cancer and tested in vitro and in vivo effects of various ceramide analogues in inducing apoptosis in metastatic colon cancer. Human colon cancer showed a > 50% decrease in the cellular content of ceramide when compared with normal colon mucosa. Application of ceramide analogues and ceramidase inhibitors induced rapid cell death through activation of various proapoptotic molecules, such as caspases and release of cytochrome c. Ceramidase inhibition increases the ceramide content of tumor cells, resulting in maximum activation of the apoptotic cascade. Normal liver cells were completely resistant to inhibitors of ceramidases. Treatment of nude mice with B13, the most potent ceramidase inhibitor, completely prevented tumor growth using two different aggressive human colon cancer cell lines metastatic to the liver. Therefore, B13 and related analogues of ceramide and inhibitors of ceramidases offer a promising therapeutic strategy with selective toxicity toward malignant but not normal cells. These studies also suggest that the ceramide content in cancer cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.
Surface passivation of c-Si by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of Al2O3 (2012)

Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of Al2O3 is shown to provide excellent passivation of crystalline silicon surfaces. Surface passivation, permittivity, and refractive index are investigated before and after annealing for deposition temperatures between 330 and 520 °C. Deposition temperatures &gt;440 °C result in the best passivation, due to both a large negative fixed charge density (∼2 × 1012 cm−2) and a relatively low interface defect density (∼1 × 1011 eV−1 cm−2), with or without an anneal. The influence of deposition temperature on film properties is found to persist after subsequent heat treatment. Correlations between surface passivation properties and the permittivity are discussed.
Formation of the Partially Melted Zone (2002)

Chapter 12 covers the formation of the partially melted zone, including: Evidence of Grain Boundary Liquation Liquation Mechanisms (six mechanisms including constitutional liquation) Directional Solidification of Grain Boundary Liquid Grain Boundary Segregation Grain Boundary Solidification Modes Partially Melted Zone in Cast Irons 17 Illustrations (including 16 micrographs), 17 References, and 7 Exercise Problems
New protection issues of a matrix converter: design considerations for adjustable-speed drives (1999)

Induction motors are traditionally controlled by standard pulsewidth modulation voltage-source inverters. An alternative is the matrix converter, which consists of nine bidirectional switches. This converter has benefits compared to a standard inverter, like sinusoidal input current and bidirectional power flow. The main disadvantage is the lack of a bidirectional switch, because such a switch may be done by two transistors and two diodes. An important topic is protection of the matrix converter, and this paper proposes two new protection circuits for matrix converters with a reduced number of components. The number of protection diodes is reduced by six. Design expressions of the protection circuit are calculated and validated by simulation. The standard protection circuit and the new circuits are demonstrated by simulation to have the same performance. Experimental results on an 8 kVA matrix converter show the design expressions are correct. It is concluded that it is possible to reduce the necessary power components in a matrix converter.
South African public sector adult antiretroviral treatment guidelines (2008)

The World Health Organization (WHO) 3 by 5 Initiative aims to have 3 million HIV-infected people on ART worldwide by the end of 2005. In order to achieve this, a ‘public health approach’ to ART has been formulated. Key tenets of this approach are the following: • ART programmes should be scaled up with the goal of ‘universal access’, i.e. treatment for all people fulfilling medical criteria for therapy. • ART regimens should be standardised and simplified to facilitate implementation. • Guidelines should be based on sound scientific evidence and be realistic with regard to human resources, health system infrastructure, and socioeconomic resource constraints.
Exclusive diffractive electroproduction of dijets in collinear factorization (2005)

Exclusive electroproduction of hard dijets can be described within the collinear factorization. This process has clear experimental signature and provides one with an interesting alternative venue to test QCD description of hard diffractive processes and extract information on generalized nucleon parton distributions. In this work we present detailed leading-order QCD calculations of the relevant cross sections, including longitudinal momentum fraction distribution of the dijets and their azimuthal angle dependence.
An Efficient Method for the Preparation of 4-Alkoxy-substituted Thieno[2,3-b]pyridines (2014)

An efficient method for the preparation of 4-alkoxy-substituted thieno[2,3-b]pyridines is described.The key intermediates, 4-alkoxy-2-chloro-3-cyanopyridines, were synthesized from a variety of alcohols by nucleophilic substitution with 3-cyano-2,4-dichloropyridine or by Mitsunobu reaction with 2-chloro-4-hydroxynicotinonitrile.Subsequent reaction of 4-alkoxy-2-chloro-3-cyanopyridines with 2-(acetylthio)acetamide under basic conditions provided 4-alkoxy-substituted thieno[2,3-b]pyridines in fair to good yields.During the course of a project directed at the synthesis of antiosteoporotic compounds, 1 the need arose for a general route for the synthesis of 4-alkoxy-substituted thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives 3 (Scheme 1).Since thieno[2,3-b]pyridines 3 can be synthesized from chloropyridines 1 and thiols 2 in the presence of a base, 2,3 4-alkoxy-2-chloro-3-cyanopyridines 1 are thought to be the straightforward precursors.It is known that 4-alkoxy-substituted chloropyridines 1 can be prepared from malononitrile. 4 However, only methoxy and ethoxy groups are introduced as the C4 substituent of chloropyridines 1.Although there is another precedent exploiting the O-alkylation of 3-cyano-2-halo-4-hydroxypyridines with alkylhalides, only a limited number of primary alkyl groups are incorporated with moderate yields. 5Using our method, a variety of alkoxy groups derived from the corresponding primary and secondary alcohols can be installed efficiently and effectively.Herein, we report a general procedure for the preparation of 4-alkoxy-substituted 2-chloro-3-cyanopyridines 1, followed by syntheses of 4-alkoxy-substituted thieno[2,3-b]pyridines 3.
Treatment of CD30-positive systemic mastocytosis with brentuximab vedotin (2016)

Systemic mastocytosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm with varying presentation that is caused by infiltration of neoplastic mast cells into extracutaneous tissues. Cytoreductive therapy is used to control organ dysfunction in aggressive systemic mastocytosis and is sometimes needed for control of severe refractory symptoms in patients with indolent disease. However, current standard cytoreductive agents are limited by their suboptimal degree and duration of response and associated significant toxicities, highlighting the need for novel treatments for systemic mastocytosis. Recent studies have identified CD30 as a therapeutic target in systemic mastocytosis, as CD30 is expressed on a majority of neoplastic mast cells. In this case series, the clinical outcomes of 4 patients with aggressive or indolent systemic mastocytosis treated with the anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin are reported. Two patients showed evidence of a response to treatment with a reduction in disease burden, 1 of which has demonstrated a durable response with ongoing benefit for more than 3 years. Treatment with brentuximab vedotin was well-tolerated with side effects that were effectively managed by dose modifications. The results presented suggest that brentuximab vedotin is active in systemic mastocytosis and can induce durable responses with a manageable toxicity profile.
A novel rate control scheme for video over the internet (2002)

In this paper, we present a rate control scheme for video over the Internet by adopting a fluid-flow traffic model and a new quadratic rate-distortion (R-D) model. Some simple control theory rather than a heuristic method is used to compute the target rate for each frame. Our scheme is better than some other existing schemes in the sense that our scheme can adapt itselfin time to the variation of channel bandwidth, the number of skipped frames is reduced and the average PSNR is usually improved. Thus, our scheme is very attractive for video over the Internet.
Add‐on cannabidiol significantly decreases seizures in 3 patients with SYNGAP1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (2020)

Mutations in <i>SYNGAP1</i> are associated with developmental delay, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Epilepsy is often drug-resistant in this syndrome with frequent drop attacks. In a prospective study of add-on cannabidiol (CBD), we identified three patients with <i>SYNGAP1</i> mutations: two boys and one girl. Seizure onset was at 3.5, 8, and 18 months (M), respectively, with numerous atypical absences per day associated with eyelid myoclonia (2/3 patients), upper limb myoclonic jerks (2/3 patients), and drop attacks (all patients). Seizures were resistant to at least 5 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). After CBD introduction, two patients were responders since M2 and achieve a seizure reduction of 90% and 80%, respectively, at M9 with disappearance of drop attacks. EEGs showed an improvement regarding background activity and interictal anomalies. The last patient showed a late response at M7 of treatment with an 80% decrease in seizure frequency. Caregiver in all three evaluated as much improved the status of their children. Treatment was well-tolerated in all, and no major adverse events (AEs) were reported. CBD showed efficacy in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy due to <i>SYNGAP1</i> mutations. Other patients with rare genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies with drug-resistant epilepsies might benefit from CBD.