gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential use of two cyclic electron flows around photosystem I for driving CO <sub>2</sub> -concentration mechanism in C <sub>4</sub> photosynthesis (2005)

Whereas linear electron flow (LEF) in photosynthesis produces both ATP and NADPH, the cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I has been shown to produce only ATP. Two alternative routes have been shown for CEF; NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH)- and ferredoxin:plastoquinone oxidoreductase (FQR)-dependent flows, but their physiological relevance has not been elucidated in detail. Meanwhile, because C(4) photosynthesis requires more ATP than does C(3) photosynthesis to concentrate CO(2), it has not been clear how the extra ATP is produced. In this study, to elucidate whether CEF contributes to the additional ATP needed in C(4) photosynthesis, we estimated the amounts of PGR5, which participates in FQR-dependent flow, and NDH-H, a subunit of NDH, in four C(4) species. Although the expression profiles of PGR5 did not correlate well with the additional ATP requirement, NDH was greatly expressed in mesophyll cells in the NAD-malic enzyme (ME) species, and in bundle-sheath cells in NADP-ME species, where there is a strong need for ATP in the respective cells. Our results indicate that CEF via NDH plays a central role in driving the CO(2)-concentrating mechanism in C(4) photosynthesis.
An MBone proxy for an application gateway firewall (2002)

The Internet's multicast backbone (MBone) holds great potential for many organizations because it supports low-cost audio and video conferencing and carries live broadcasts of an increasing number of public interest events. MBone conferences are transmitted via unauthenticated multicast datagrams, which unfortunately convey significant security vulnerabilities to any system that receives them. For this reason, most application gateway firewalls block MBone datagrams sent from the Internet and prevent them from reaching hosts on internal networks. This paper describes the design and rationale for a new set of facilities for the Trusted Information Systems (TIS) Internet Firewall Toolkit (FWTK). These facilities, which are fully implemented, significantly reduce the security risks of observing or participating in MBone conferences. They impose no functional constraints on MBone applications and are transparent to users. Configuration options that support tradeoffs among security, performance and ease of use are discussed.
Generating visual editors for formally specified languages (2002)

We discuss the generation of structured visual editors for formally specified languages. We use the term structured visual editor to refer to a structure-oriented editor which provides language specific behavior and supports the interactive construction of programs. This paper describes how such a visual editor can be generated from a formal language specification including the language's visual syntax. A simple visual expression editor is presented in order to demonstrate our approach. Our prototype implementation is discussed at the end of the paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of a<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Surface Virulence Factor That Promotes Resistance to Oxidative Killing and Infectious Endocarditis (2010)

Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent human pathogen and a leading cause of community- and hospital-acquired bacterial infections worldwide. Herein, we describe the identification and characterization of the S. aureus 67.6-kDa hypothetical protein, named for the surface factor promoting resistance to oxidative killing (SOK) in this study. Sequence analysis showed that the SOK gene is conserved in all sequenced S. aureus strains and homologous to the myosin cross-reactive antigen of Streptococcus pyogenes. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis showed that SOK was copurified with membrane fractions and was exposed on the surface of S. aureus Newman and RN4220. Comparative analysis of wild-type S. aureus and an isogenic deletion strain indicated that SOK contributes to both resistance to killing by human neutrophils and to oxidative stress. In addition, the S. aureus sok deletion strain showed dramatically reduced aortic valve vegetation and bacterial cell number in a rabbit endocarditis model. These results, plus the suspected role of the streptococcal homologue in certain diseases such as acute rheumatic fever, suggest that SOK plays an important role in cardiovascular and other staphylococcal infections.
[Stomach ulcers in the horse--clinical and gastroscopic findings in 12 horses (1989-1990)]. (1991)

Twelve horses with clinical symptoms of a gastric disorder were studied by gastroscopy. Symptoms of gastric disorders were periprandial colic, bruxism, ructus and reflux. Preliminary to gastroscopy the horses were fasted for 24 h. Access to water was not restricted. The gastroscopy could be conducted easily using a fiberscope 2.5 m in length and 11 mm in outer diameter. While ulcers were present in the squamous fundus of all horses only one horse showed ulceration of the glandular fundus. Solitary ulcers near the margo plicatus were found in horses with mild clinical symptoms. In contrast, diffuse gastroesophageal ulceration was accompanied by severe clinical symptoms. Four horses were affected by an acute gastroesophageal ulceration with gastric reflux and subsequent aspiration pneumonia. Two of those horses suffered from acute gastric ulceration 3-4 days following laparatomy. All horses were treated with cimetidine (5 mg/kg bwt/q.i.d.) until clinical symptoms ceased.
Development of sustainable bio-adhesives for engineered wood panels – A Review (2017)

Stricter legislation on formaldehyde emissions as well as growing consumer interest in sustainable raw materials and products are the main driving factors behind research on bio-based adhesives, as alternatives to amino-based ones, for wood panels.
Efficient proximity search in multivariate data (2002)

Proximity search is an important type of database query which is essential to many practical applications involving various types of metric data, including multivariate data with distance function. Point spatial data is a popular subset of metric data in which each data record corresponds to a point in a multidimensional space, and the proximity is represented as a distance function, such as the Euclidean distance, defined on the multidimensional space. Numerous hierarchical data structures, under the name of point spatial data structures, have been developed for implementing efficient spatial proximity searches. Much less work has been done on developing general hierarchical metric data structures for general metric data, such as non-spatial multivariate data. This paper presents an innovative approach for deriving a new class of hierarchical metric data structures from existing point spatial data structures. Instead of performing direct decomposition on metric data as is done for previous hierarchical data structures such as metric trees and vp-trees, we define a class of simple proximity-preserving mappings from metric data to multidimensional spaces, which we call multipolar mappings. By applying multipolar mappings to metric data, hierarchical decompositions can be done in multidimensional space, and various point spatial data structures, such as quadtree, octree, or k-d tree, can be utilized for storing and accessing metric data based on proximity.
ChemInform Abstract: New Tetragonal Metal Hydrides BaMg<sub>2</sub>MH<sub>8</sub> (M: Ru, Os) Containing Octahedral [MH<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4‐</sup> Complex Anions and Hydride Anions. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<b>ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS – ICANN'97,</b> edited by Wulfram Gerstner, Alain Germond, Martin Hasler and Jean-Daniel Nicoud, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series No. 1327, Springer, Berlin, 1997, xix+1274 pp., ISBN 3-540-63631-5 (Softcover, £81.50 or $129.00). (1999)

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS – ICANN'97, edited by Wulfram Gerstner, Alain Germond, Martin Hasler and Jean-Daniel Nicoud, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series No. 1327, Springer, Berlin, 1997, xix+1274 pp., ISBN 3-540-63631-5 (Softcover, £81.50 or $129.00). - Volume 17 Issue 4
Comparing Adult and Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program, 1973 to 2005: An Analysis of 2,600 Patients (2009)

Adults reported to have rhabdomyosarcoma had worse survival than children with similar tumors. Predictors of poor outcome in children were valid in adults except for alveolar histology and unfavorable tumor site.
Mechanical properties of PVD Al<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Cr<sub><i>x</i></sub>N thin films (2011)

Al1−xCrxN thin films have been sputter deposited using either ion-beam (IBS) or magnetron. The structure, mechanical properties and residual stress state have been investigated using X-Ray diffraction, curvature measurements and nano-indentation. The presence of a ⟨200⟩ fiber texture associated with compressive global stresses was evidenced in the studied 0.6–0.85 Cr at.% range with the largest level for IBS. In-grain stresses were determined to be compressive for IBS while tension was found in the case of magnetron sputtering. The obtained stress-free lattice parameters a0 revealed difference between the processes, IBS being more energetic. The in-grain residual stress values of IBS samples are twice as large as those obtained using curvature method; this might be due to ⟨ 200 ⟩ texture effects and/or an over estimate of the elastic moduli. Hardness of the films was obtained in a range extending from 16 to 27 GPa correlated to residual stress level when compared to literature.
A simulation-based method for estimating defect-free I/sub DDQ/ (2002)

This paper presents a switch-level simulation-based method for estimating quiescent current values. The simulator identifier transistors that are in the proper state to experience leakage mechanisms. This information is combined with data about both the size of these transistors and various process parameters in order to calculate the actual I/sub DDQ/ value. SPICE simulation results are also presented on a variety of circuits to both calibrate the simulator, and to demonstrate state, time and sequence dependencies of circuits.
Safety of Airway Gene Transfer with Ad2/CFTR2: Aerosol Administration in the Nonhuman Primate (1997)

In this study, the safety and efficacy of aerosol delivery to non-human primates of an adenoviral vector encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) were evaluated. The technique of concurrent flow spirometry was used to determine the deposited dose of Ad2/CFTR-2, which ranged from 3 to 8 x 10(10) I.U. Transgene DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in lung tissue from all treated animals, and human CFTR mRNA was detected on days 3, 7, and 21 post-exposure. The treatment was well tolerated, with no evidence of respiratory distress. Histologic changes in the lungs from Ad2/CFTR-2-treated animals were mild and, overall, indistinguishable from animals exposed to aerosolized vehicle. One vector-treated animal demonstrated an increase in lavage lymphocyte numbers 3 days after treatment and another had an abnormal chest radiograph 14 days after treatment. A third vector-treated animal had histologic evidence of a bronchointerstitial pneumonia 7 days after aerosol treatment that resolved by day 21. This study demonstrated that Ad2/CFTR-2 can effectively be delivered to the lungs of nonhuman primates and result in minimal adverse effects.
Quantitative pharmacological characterization of β‐receptors and two types of α‐receptors mediating sympathomimetic smooth muscle response in the human Fallopian tube at various cyclic stages (1982)

The dissociation constants for adrenoceptor-antagonist complexes (KB) were determined in vitro in circular and longitudinal smooth musculature from the ampullary and isthmic regions of the human Fallopian tube. High extracellular potassium concentrations were used to eliminate the spontaneous contractile activity. Neuronal and extraneuronal amine uptake mechanisms were blocked. The parallel shift of the log dose-response curves was secured in Arunlakshana-Schild plots. KB for the beta-receptor, mediating sympathomimetic relaxation, were determined during alpha-receptor blockade: the values for propranolol were the same (approximately 10(-6) M) in all preparations and at all cyclic stages, as determined from plasma estradiol and progesterone levels. KB for the complex between the alpha-receptor (mediating contraction) and phentolamine were determined during beta-receptor blockade. The values were the same in all types of smooth musculature, but varied with cyclic stage: they were around 7 x 10(-8) M when plasma estradiol and progesterone were both minimum, and around 2 x 10(-7) M when these steroid levels were moderate to high, suggesting that the properties of the contractile receptors of the human Fallopian tube are modified during the menstrual cycle.
Coding Approaches to Fault Tolerance in Linear Dynamic Systems (2005)

This paper discusses fault tolerance in discrete-time dynamic systems, such as finite-state controllers or computer simulations, with focus on the use of coding techniques to efficiently provide fault tolerance to linear finite-state machines (LFSMs). Unlike traditional fault tolerance schemes, which rely heavily-particularly for dynamic systems operating over extended time horizons-on the assumption that the error-correcting mechanism is fault free, we are interested in the case when all components of the implementation are fault prone. The paper starts with a paradigmatic fault tolerance scheme that systematically adds redundancy into a discrete-time dynamic system in a way that achieves tolerance to transient faults in both the state transition and the error-correcting mechanisms. By combining this methodology with low-complexity error-correcting coding, we then obtain an efficient way of providing fault tolerance to k identical unreliable LFSMs that operate in parallel on distinct input sequences. The overall construction requires only a constant amount of redundant hardware per machine (but sufficiently large k) to achieve an arbitrarily small probability of overall failure for any prespecified (finite) time interval, leading in this way to a lower bound on the computational capacity of unreliable LFSMs.
Malnutrition at the cellular level in uremia: a new frontier for research. (1986)

Previously reported studies showed that protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in children is associated with significant alterations in muscle cell composition, characterized by increased cell water and Na, with decreased concentrations of K, Mg, and some glycolytic and citric acid cycle metabolites. In PCM, the i.c. H2O and levels of Na and K were significantly related, by multiple regression analysis, to the combined set of simultaneously measured levels of cell metabolites, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and oxaloacetate. Cell bioactivities also were affected by PCM. Activities of the enzymes pyruvate kinase and malic and isocitric dehydrogenases were significantly reduced in muscle homogenates of PCM children. Kinetic analysis of pyruvate kinase indicated an 8-10-fold reduction in maximal velocity of the enzyme, consistent with a reduction in enzyme protein. Additionally, reduced levels of ATP and the equilibrium constant of the adenylate kinase system were observed in leukocytes of PCM children. Alterations in the activity of the energy-dependent Na pump have been noted by others in association with the accumulation of i.c. Na in severe malnutrition. Neither protein synthesis nor amino acid pools was measured in these previously reported studies. Recent data from several laboratories show that the "profiles" of i.c. and plasma amino acids are very different, both in uremics and in control subjects. In control subjects, with leukocytes as the cell model, the level of protein synthesis can be predicted by multiple regression analyses from simultaneously measured levels of plasma or i.c. amino acids. Intracellular amino acids are better predictors. Of 19 intracellular amino acids, a combination of five accounted for 54% of the variance in protein synthesis in normal, healthy adults. Levels of these predictor cell amino acids can, in turn, be predicted by different combinations of apparently unrelated plasma amino acids. In adult uremic patients stabilized by hemodialysis, with leukocytes as the cell model, levels of ATP, energy charge, adenylate kinase and pyruvic kinase activities were reduced. Others have reported increased i.c. water and Na contents, and impaired Na pump activity. Cell levels of methionine and the branched-chain amino acids, valine, leucine, and isoleucine, and protein synthesis also were significantly reduced. By multiple regression analysis, the observed levels of protein synthesis and energy charge in the hemodialyzed uremic patients were largely accounted for by different combinations of intracellular amino acid than in healthy subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Galvanotaxis in Bacteria (1988)

Wonderful as are the laws and phenomena of electricity when made evident to us in inorganic or dead matter, their interest can bear scarcely any comparison with that which attaches to the same force when connected with the nervous system and with life.
Antibiotic Inactivation in Microbiological Assay Extracts of Animal Feed by Sodium Hypochlorite Solution and Heat (1965)

Journal Article Antibiotic Inactivation in Microbiological Assay Extracts of Animal Feed by Sodium Hypochlorite Solution and Heat Get access Anthony Abbey, Anthony Abbey Agricultural Division, American Cvanamid Company, P.O. Box 400, Princeton, N.J. 08540 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David B Hewel David B Hewel Agricultural Division, American Cvanamid Company, P.O. Box 400, Princeton, N.J. 08540 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 48, Issue 3, 1 June 1965, Page 681, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/48.3.681 Published: 01 February 2020
Graphene Oxide Membranes in Extreme Operating Environments: Concentration of Kraft Black Liquor by Lignin Retention (2016)

We report a detailed study of graphene oxide (GO) membranes for concentration of Kraft black liquor (BL), which is a caustic (pH ∼ 12), hot (80–95 °C), and high-volume (∼500 gal/min in a typical pulp mill) byproduct of the papermaking process. Membrane-based concentration of BL is attractive as an energy-efficient alternative to thermally driven evaporation processes but challenging due to the harsh operating conditions and high fouling potential of BL (15–18 wt % solids). We fabricate thin (<300 nm) GO membranes supported on macroporous poly(ethersulfone) (PES) supports by vacuum filtration techniques and discuss in detail their morphology, structure, thermomechanical stability, and chemical stability as characterized by several techniques. Furthermore, detailed permeation measurements at transmembrane pressures (TMPs) up to 50 bar and temperatures up to 85 °C show that the membranes have high performance in concentrating BL feeds containing high and low TS (total solids): high flux (in the range of 5–50 kg m–2 h–1), high lignin rejection (up to 98%), low fouling, and high stability throughout extended exposure (30 days) to BL at realistic operation conditions. The molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of the membranes was determined to be ∼625 Da by means of dye rejection experiments. The present membranes are also expected to have low cost due to the use of relatively inexpensive functional membrane and substrate materials (GO and PES).
El Confital (Gran Canaria): una prospección etnográfica (2020)

Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación sobre movimientos sociales en las\nIslas Canarias aun en realización. Desde una perspectiva política y relacional indaga en el proceso de\ndesalojo que se encuentran viviendo algunos grupos categorizados como poblaciones marginales de la\nciudad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. El desplazamiento y reubicación de los grupos estigmatizados es\nderivado de las actividades especulativas relacionadas con elementos macrosociales como es el turismo,\nfactor preponderante en la economía del archipiélago. De esta forma este estudio analiza las relaciones\nde poder articulando las representaciones sociales de los grupos con los discursos y prácticas de los\nmismos. Así mismo, el estudio diacrónico permite reconstruir las trayectorias sociales de los individuos\ny del barrio como miembro social activo, más concretamente en las movilizaciones sociales que éste ha\ngenerado. Este es un estudio etnográfico que implementa técnicas combinadas de entrevistas\nsemidirigidas y observación participante.
Part of Periodical Land Lease Agreement (2001)

The establishment of periodical land lease agreement enabled landowners to activate their sleeping land in business and, as a result, it caused the liquidation of fixed lands. Lease holders, especially those who in the middle-income segment, also enjoyed this opportunity and gained good quality individual house since its initial investment amount turned to cost less than building lots for sale. This establishment converted the idea of the land policy from ‘land to be owned’ to ‘land to be activated’.
Angiogenic Factors in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Astrocytic Brain Tumors (2004)

Our data suggest that CSF levels of bFGF and VEGF may serve as an additional marker for tumor grading and vascularity and may help predict survival.
Relative Yields of First (Apical) and Second Ears of Semi‐Prolific Southern Corn Hybrids<sup>1</sup> (1960)

Synopsis Most of the yield variations resulted from differences in second‐ear yield when a significant number of second ears were produced. First‐ear yield was relatively unaffected by environment unless the crop was so poor that few second ears developed. Variations in second‐ear yields resulted primarily from differences in number rather than size. The plants tended to develop a fullsized first ear, and any additional yield came largely from second ears.
Integral evaluation of the modal phase coefficients in curvature sensing: Albrecht’s cubatures (1996)

The modal coefficients describing a given wave front as a linear combination of a set of orthogonal functions can be determined independently of each other by a suitable integration of the signal provided by a curvature sensor. This fact allows us to avoid the use of matrix inversion routines and overcomes some problems related to the modeling error arising in conventional modal fits. Several procedures for evaluating these integrals from a discrete set of intensity measurements are compared. The results show that, for a given number of sampling points, the combination of an Albrecht’s cubature in the inner pupil region with a composite trapezoidal integration of the edge signal can give more accurate results with smaller noise propagators than other methods also analyzed.