gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected blood donors by a multiple‐antigen HCV enzyme immunoassay (1992)

A new, multiple-antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA-2) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies was evaluated in parallel with the previously available c100-3 HCV EIA (EIA-1) in 14,068 volunteer blood donors as well as in 25 cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis C for which recipient and donor samples were available. When compared to EIA-1, the EIA-2 was more sensitive in detecting HCV-infected blood donors. The EIA-2 detected an additional 1 in 1000 EIA-1-negative, surrogate marker-negative donors who were infected with HCV as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The specificity of the EIA-2 was comparable to that of the EIA-1, but the two tests appear to detect different populations of false-positive donors. Recombinant immunoblot assay-indeterminate donors were detected five times more frequently by the EIA-2; PCR demonstrated that 21 percent of these donors were infected with HCV. The greater sensitivity of EIA-2 was also found in 25 transfusion recipients with non-A, non-B hepatitis; however, in 16 percent of these cases of posttransfusion HCV infection, the EIA-2 failed to detect an HCV-seropositive donor. These data indicate that EIA-2 testing will significantly reduce, but probably not eliminate, the risk of transfusion-associated HCV infection; we estimate this residual per-unit risk to be 1 in 2000 to 1 in 6000 units transfused. On a national level, it is projected that the replacement of the anti-HCV EIA-1 with the EIA-2 will initially prevent up to 40 additional cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis C per day.
Amla (Emblica officinalis) extract is effective in preventing high fructose diet–induced insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemic profile in ovariectomized female albino rats (2012)

Amla decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol in ovariectomized rats fed chow or fructose. In ovariectomized and fructose-fed rats, it prevented insulin resistance aside from subduing the rise in TG. Amla may be explored for its use in preventing dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women.
Symmetry‐Guided Design and Fluorous Synthesis of a Stable and Rapidly Excreted Imaging Tracer for <sup>19</sup> F MRI (2009)

Getting FIT: A bispherical (19)F imaging tracer, (19)FIT, was designed and synthesized. (19)FIT is advantageous over perfluorocarbon-based (19)F imaging agents, as it is not retained in the organs and does not require complex formulation procedures. Imaging agents such as (19)FIT can lead to (19)F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) playing an important role in drug therapy, analogous to the role played by (1)H MRI in disease diagnosis.
Colorimetric Determination of Phosphorus as Molybdivanadophosphoric Acid (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColorimetric Determination of Phosphorus as Molybdivanadophosphoric AcidR E. Kitson and M G. MellonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1944, 16, 6, 379–383Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560130a017https://doi.org/10.1021/i560130a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2298Altmetric-Citations514LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Asynchronous optical sampling for high-speed characterization of integrated resonant terahertz sensors (2005)

Two femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers with slightly different repetition rates near 1 GHz are coupled to implement high-speed asynchronous optical sampling. The application of this technique is successfully demonstrated in the field of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS). A time delay of 1 ns is scanned at a frequency of 5 kHz without moving mechanical parts. Compared with that of conventional TDS schemes based on lock-in detection and moving mirrors, the readout time of integrated resonant THz sensors is reduced by a factor of 20, opening the way for high-throughput THz sensing in marker-free DNA analysis.
Debugging Distributed-Shared-Memory Communication at Multiple Granularities in Networks on Chip (2008)

We present a methodology to debug a SOC by concentrating on its communication. Our extended communication model includes a) multiple signal groups per interface protocol at each IP port, b) the handshakes per signal group (e.g. for command), and c) the handshakes within a signal group (e.g. for write and read data elements). As a result, our debug methodology is the first to offer debug control at three communication granularities: individual data elements in a message, messages (i.e. requests or responses), and entire transactions. Communication to distributed shared memories is supported in networks on chip (NOC) by transparently (demultiplexing different master-slave channels based on the memory address, also called narrowcast. In this paper, we extend previous work on NOC debug that allowed per-connection debug (i.e. a master without differentiating between its slaves) to also support per-channel (i.e. per master-slave pair) debugging, also for narrowcast connections. This enables essential fine-grained debug control for multi-processor SOCs that use distributed-shared-memory communication. The debug infrastructure consists of hardware components, and a software API and library. We define the hardware infrastructure and the required changes to a NOC. Our architecture cleanly separates the monitoring and distribution of events from how they are interpreted and used, in terms of hardware and programming. We define a high-level software API for run-time user control. The debug methodology offers run-time programmable breakpoints, stopping, continuing, and single-stepping of distributed- shared memory communication at three granularities, at the cost of 2.5% NOC area increase and no speed penalty.
Improving the Environment for Immobilized Dehydrogenase Enzymes by Modifying Nafion with Tetraalkylammonium Bromides (2004)

Recent research in our group has shown that mixture-casting Nafion with quaternary ammonium bromides can increase the electrochemical flux of redox couples through the membrane and allow for larger redox species to diffuse to the electrode surface. The research has also suggested that when these salts are cast with Nafion micellar pore size is changing. Therefore, it was proposed that the quaternary ammonium salts could be employed to tailor the structure of the Nafion membrane for immobilizing enzymes in the polymer. For cations with a high affinity for the sulfonic acid groups of Nafion, the modified structure of Nafion can also help to stabilize the enzyme and increase activity by providing a protective outer shell and an ideal chemical environment that resists a decrease in pH within the pore structure. This research examines the ability to immobilize dehydrogenase enzymes in Nafion that has been modified with quaternary ammonium bromides. Fluorescence assays, fluorescence microscopy, and cyclic voltammetric studies were employed to analyze the ability to immobilize an enzyme within the membrane, to determine the activity of the immobilized enzyme and to examine the transport of coenzyme within the membrane. Dehydrogenase enzymes immobilized in tetrabutylammonium bromide/Nafion membranes have shown high catalytic activity and enzyme active lifetimes of greater than 45 days. A variety of dehydrogenase enzymes have been successfully immobilized in the membrane, including: alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, glucose dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase.
Functional and Structural Assessment of Intercellular Communication (1996)

Remodeling of conduction pathways in the hypertrophic response to myocardial injury is a potential mechanism leading to the development of anatomic substrates of lethal arrhythmias. To delineate the responsible mechanisms and to directly relate changes in intercellular coupling at gap junctions with electrophysiological alterations, we studied the effects of cAMP, a mediator of cardiac hypertrophy, on action potential conduction velocity and connexin expression in neonatal rat ventricular myocyte cultures. Conduction velocity was measured with an optical activation mapping technique in cells loaded with the voltage-sensitive dye RH-237. Action potentials were conducted 24% to 29% more rapidly (P < .005) after incubating cultures for 24 hours with the cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP, 1 mmol/L). However, db-cAMP caused no change in the maximum rate of rise of the action potential upstroke, Vmax. Electron and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a significant increase in the number and size of gap junctions in db-cAMP-treated cells. Immunoblotting showed that the total amounts of the ventricular gap junction proteins connexin43 and connexin45 (Cx43 and Cx45, respectively) increased 2- to 4-fold. Immuno-precipitation of metabolically labeled connexin proteins revealed a dose-dependent increase in the rate of Cx45 protein synthesis in myocytes exposed to db-cAMP ( > 2-fold after a 4-hour exposure) but no change in the Cx43 synthesis rate. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a time-dependent increase in the amount of Cx43 mRNA, with a maximum 3.3-fold increase after 4 hours of exposure to 1 mmol/L db-cAMP; cycloheximide did not block this effect. In contrast, Cx45 mRNA levels were not altered significantly after db-cAMP treatment. Thus, cAMP causes a significant increase in conduction velocity that appears to be attributable largely to enhanced expression of proteins responsible for intercellular communication. Cx43 and Cx45 levels appear to be upregulated by cAMP by disparate molecular mechanisms.
Typing Vocal Fold Vibratory Patterns in Excised Larynx Experiments Via Digital Kymography (2009)

Imaging with DKG demonstrated an ability to assign a signal type to various laryngeal vibrations. Signal typing techniques utilizing direct observation of the vocal folds could be useful in determining valid methods for the analysis of vocal fold vibrations.
Leveraging Electric Cross-Company Car Fleets through Cloud Service Chains: The Shared E-Fleet Architecture (2014)

In recent times technical developments in electric mobility have been rapid. With raising economic and ecological concerns about conventional vehicles, individuals and companies need to consider switching to electric vehicles. But due to limited range and charge times such vehicles are currently not sufficient. New mobility concepts are needed as well. In this work we present the Shared E-Fleet architecture used to enable sharing of car fleets between companies. Especially tailored to the needs of SMEs, the architecture is implemented as a cloud service chain, enabling configurability and interchangeability of services.
Effect of Sodium Vanadate on Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Protein Syntheses in Cultured Rat Calvariae* (1985)

Sodium vanadate, an agent known to have multiple cellular actions, was studied for its effects on aspects of bone formation in cultures of 21-day-old fetal rat calvariae. Vanadate (0.1-10 microM) stimulated the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into acid-insoluble residues (DNA); the effect appeared after 3 h and was sustained for 96 h. Vanadate increased the bone DNA content and mitotic index. Treatment with vanadate at 10 microM for 24 h or at 0.3-1 microM for 96 h increased the incorporation of [3H]proline into collagenase-digestible protein (CDP), but the effect was not specific for collagen; vanadate also increased the labeling of noncollagen protein (NCP). Vanadate increased the incorporation of [3H]proline into type I collagen without affecting other collagen types. Vanadate (100 microM) caused a marked and irreversible inhibitory effect on the labeling of DNA, CDP, and NCP. Treatment with vanadate at multiple doses for 3-96 h did not stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity, but this enzyme was inhibited in bones exposed to 1 mM vanadate for 24 h or 10 microM vanadate for 96 h. The stimulatory effect on DNA labeling was primarily observed in the periosteum, while that on CDP labeling was seen only in the periosteum-free bone. These studies indicate that sodium vanadate stimulates bone DNA, collagen, and NCP syntheses in vitro, although high doses of vanadate have an irreversible inhibitory effect.
Increased nitric oxide is accompanied by lipid oxidation in adolescent varicocele (2004)

Summary One of the mechanisms of injury in varicocele has been proposed to be elevated nitric oxide (NO). We aimed to determine the association between the elevation of NO and lipid oxidation in varicocele compared with peripheral venous levels of these two substances as it has not been studied before. The study group consisted of 13 adolescents with left idiopathic varicocele of grades II-III. Blood specimens were obtained from dilated spermatic and peripheral veins simultaneously. Peripheral samples were also collected from 13 healthy children as controls. Nitrite/nitrate levels (NO(x)) and levels of malonedialdehyde (MDA) were determined using Griess reaction and thiobarbituric acid test, respectively. Results were compared with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Peripheral NO(x) and MDA were the same in the study and control groups (p = 0.069 and p = 0.27, respectively). Spermatic vein NO(x) and MDA levels were elevated significantly compared with the peripheral levels in the study group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.048, respectively). Increased NO(x) levels with lipid oxidation occur locally in adolescent varicocele, implying that these events could be reversed by early treatment.
Introduction to Plant Nematology (1989)

Structure and function soil environment methods identification of phytonematodes the genera of phytonematodes pathology ecology resistance control.
The geometry of graphs and some of its algorithmic applications (2002)

We explore some implications of viewing graphs as geometric objects. This approach offers a new perspective on a number of graph-theoretic and algorithmic problems. There are several ways to model graphs geometrically and our main concern here is with geometric representations that respect the metric of the (possibly weighted) graph. Given a graph G we map its vertices to a normed space in an attempt to (i) Keep down the dimension of the host space and (ii) Guarantee a small distortion, i.e., make sure that distances between vertices in G closely match the distances between their geometric images. We develop efficient algorithms for embedding graphs low-dimensionally with a small distortion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Evaluation of patello-femoral joint congruity following total knee arthroplasties]. (2003)

Patellar subluxation should be investigated on tangential radiographs following TKA because lateral radiographs of the knee fail to show patello-femoral problems.
Optimizing the Physicochemical Properties of Raf/MEK Inhibitors by Nitrogen Scanning (2014)

Substituting a carbon atom with a nitrogen atom (nitrogen substitution) on an aromatic ring in our leads 11a and 13g by applying nitrogen scanning afforded a set of compounds that improved not only the solubility but also the metabolic stability. The impact after nitrogen substitution on interactions between a derivative and its on- and off-target proteins (Raf/MEK, CYPs, and hERG channel) was also detected, most of them contributing to weaker interactions. After identifying the positions that kept inhibitory activity on HCT116 cell growth and Raf/MEK, compound 1 (CH5126766/RO5126766) was selected as a clinical compound. A phase I clinical trial is ongoing for solid cancers.
On the mechanism of solute uptake in Pseudomonas (2003)

Pseudomonas species have over 300 known and putative nutrient uptake systems enabling them to metabolize a large number of organic compounds, and thus inhabit many diverse ecological niches. The outer membrane of these organisms acts as a semi-permeable barrier, excluding many classes of potentially toxic molecules from the cell. Nutrients use specialized water-filled channels called porins to traverse this barrier. Entry into the cell is mediated by one of four classes of cytoplasmic membrane transporters: glycerol facilitators, phosphotransferase systems, primary active transporters, and secondary active transporters. The class of transporter used is dependent on the environmental conditions, as well as the type and concentration of solute. The recent advances in elucidating the structures and functional mechanisms of these uptake systems will be discussed in this review.
The Trichlorogermanite(II) Anion and its Gold(I) Complexes (1998)

Tetraphenylphosphonium trichlorogermanite(II) (1) has been prepared (as a reference compound) from Ph 4 P + Cl - and GeCl 2 (dioxane) in tetrahydronaphthalene. Its structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray methods. The lattice contains independent monomeric GeCl 3 - anions (Ge-Cl distances between 2.290 and 2.320 Å, Cl-Ge-Cl angles between 95.33 and 98.27°). Treatment of (Ph 3 As)AuCl with GeCl 2 (dioxane) affords (Ph 3 As)AuGeCl 3 in high yields as a germylene insertion product (2). The complex is a dimer in the crystal with a short Au--Au contact of 2.9415(4) Å and bent As-Au-Ge axes [169.353(13)°]. The GeCl 3 ligand has shorter Ge-Cl bonds [2.175 to 2.183 Å] and wider Cl-Ge-Cl angles than in the free anion [100.9 to 101.9°]. The analogous reaction with CH 2 (AsPh 2 AuCl) 2 leads only to a mono-insertion product in the form of a salt with {[CH 2 (AsPh 2 ) 2 Au]} 2 2+ dications and two [ClAuGeCl 3 ] - anions (3). In the lattice these three ions form a centrosymmetrical tetranuclear unit through short Au--Au contacts. The resulting z-shaped Au--Au--Au--Au chain has distances of 3.0499(6) (twice) and 3.1613(8) Å and angles of 118.833(8)° (twice). The geometry of the GeCl 3 units is similar to that in 2. {(Et 3 N)Au[P(o-Tol) 3 ]} + PF 6 - (4) was obtained as a by-product in several reactions with the bulky phosphine and where NEt 3 was used as a base. The crystals contain two crystallographically independent cations with a similar core structure, but different conformations of the substituents. Both the P-Au and the N-Au bonds are elongated owing to steric effects.
Stories of the Otherworld: An Interview with Eddie Lenihan (2009)

Be-spectacled and be-whiskered, with his ruddy moustache and mutton-chops cascading down to his chest, storyteller Edmund (Eddie) Lenihan looks very much like he may have stepped directly out from the sídhe, those earthen mounds that dot the landscape of Ireland and are said to be inhabited by the fairy folk. The suggestion is appropriate, since Lenihan is the foremost tradition bearer of Irish fairy lore today. Indeed, one of the great pleasures of hearing Lenihan tell the fairy stories he has collected over three decades is that listeners may feel a direct contact through him to that numinous Otherworld. His work as a collector and teller of Irish folklore, particularly fairy lore, has led to the publication of his numerous books on the subject, most notably Meeting the Other Crowd: The Fairy Stories of Hidden Ireland, as well his own activism to preserve sites associated with the lore. This interview, which focuses on his development as a storyteller of Irish fairy lore, took place on the afternoon of March 13, 2008, on the stage of the Stillwell Theatre where Lenihan was scheduled to perform later that evening as part of his residency for StoryFest, a festival of storytelling workshops and concerts sponsored by the Department of Theatre and Performance Studies in the College of the Arts at Kennesaw State University.
Characterization of a Novel <i>N</i>-Acetylneuraminate Lyase from Staphylococcus carnosus TM300 and Its Application to <i>N</i>-Acetylneuraminic Acid Production (2012)

The possibility of incorporating N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) in infant formulas and other functional foods has opened up the need to synthesize N-acetylneuraminic acid using N-acetylneuraminate lyases (NALs) by reversible aldol condensation of pyruvate and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine. Until now, NALs have been cloned from pathogenic microorganisms; however, this Article describes the expression and characterization of an N-acetylneuraminate lyase from the Staphylococcus carnosus TM300, a GRAS microorganism used in fermented meat. ScNAL showed a high level of expression in E. coli (403 mg L(-1) culture). This, combined with its simple two-step purification procedure, the highest recovery described to date (86%), its kinetic parameters, which are in the same order of magnitude as best reported NALs, and its optimum pH and temperature, make ScNAL a promising and cheap biocatalyst. To confirm its biotechnological potential, the Neu5Ac was synthesized in 3 h in simple industrial working conditions with a high degree of conversion (94%).
Development of an inspiratory pressure-triggered laryngeal pacer (1995)

Describes preliminary studies in the authors' ongoing work of developing an implantable device to alleviate the life threatening potential of bilateral vocal cord paralysis without conventional tracheotomy treatment. A means of triggering the device upon inspiration, specifically pressure transduction, is described. In addition, circuit parameters and necessary functions are reviewed, such as filtering and discrimination between ambient pressure changes and inspiration. Preliminary results from acute canine experiments have demonstrated feasibility.
Synthesis of an allylic alcohol and chloride in the nortriptyline series (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of an allylic alcohol and chloride in the nortriptyline seriesWilliam B. LacefieldCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 1, 82Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00283a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00283a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts