gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galectin-1, -2, and -3 Exhibit Differential Recognition of Sialylated Glycans and Blood Group Antigens (2008)

Human galectins have functionally divergent roles, although most of the members of the galectin family bind weakly to the simple disaccharide lactose (Galbeta1-4Glc). To assess the specificity of galectin-glycan interactions in more detail, we explored the binding of several important galectins (Gal-1, Gal-2, and Gal-3) using a dose-response approach toward a glycan microarray containing hundreds of structurally diverse glycans, and we compared these results to binding determinants on cells. All three galectins exhibited differences in glycan binding characteristics. On both the microarray and on cells, Gal-2 and Gal-3 exhibited higher binding than Gal-1 to fucose-containing A and B blood group antigens. Gal-2 exhibited significantly reduced binding to all sialylated glycans, whereas Gal-1 bound alpha2-3- but not alpha2-6-sialylated glycans, and Gal-3 bound to some glycans terminating in either alpha2-3- or alpha2-6-sialic acid. The effects of sialylation on Gal-1, Gal-2, and Gal-3 binding to cells also reflected differences in cellular sensitivity to Gal-1-, Gal-2-, and Gal-3-induced phosphatidylserine exposure. Each galectin exhibited higher binding for glycans with poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly(LacNAc)) sequences (Galbeta1-4GlcNAc)(n) when compared with N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) glycans (Galbeta1-4GlcNAc). However, only Gal-3 bound internal LacNAc within poly(LacNAc). These results demonstrate that each of these galectins mechanistically differ in their binding to glycans on the microarrays and that these differences are reflected in the determinants required for cell binding and signaling. The specific glycan recognition by each galectin underscores the basis for differences in their biological activities.
Communication-aware mobile hosts in ad-hoc wireless network (2003)

A mobile, multi-hop wireless computer network, also termed an ad-hoc network, can be envisioned as a collection of routers, equipped with wireless transmitter/receiver, which are free to move about arbitrarily. The basic assumption in an ad-hoc network is that some nodes willing to communicate may be outside the wireless transmission range of each other but may be able to communicate if other nodes in the network are willing to forward packets from them. However, the successful operation of an ad-hoc network will be hampered if an intermediate node, participating in a communication between two nodes, moves out of range suddenly or switches itself off in between message transfer. The objective of this paper is to introduce a parameter, affinity that characterizes the strength of relationship between two nodes and to propose a distributed routing scheme between two nodes in order to find a set of paths between them which are more stable and less congested in a specific context. Thus, the communication in an ad-hoc wireless network can be effective by making the nodes in the system communication-aware in the sense that each node should know its affinity with its neighbors and should be aware of the impact of its movement on the communication structure of the underlying network.
High-frequency EPR study of crude oils (2013)

Four different samples of crude oil were studied by means of high-frequency W-band (94 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with the aim to develop new methods of crude oil quality control. High spectral resolution of W-band allowed to avoid an overlap of spectra contributors. The ratio K between the integral intensity of the low-field EPR component of the vanadyl complexes to that of free radical line was chosen as an attribute of each sample. Using the K-parameters and EPR spectra simulations the crude oil leaking between adjacent horizons is shown. Pulsed EPR experiments allowed detecting free radicals signals only. It is demonstrated that the extracted transverse relaxation time could be used as an additional parameter which characterizes the origin of the crude oil and nature of the oil paramagnetic centers.
LLCD operations using the Lunar Lasercom OGS Terminal (2014)

The paper describes the operations of ESA’s Optical Ground Station (OGS) during the Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration (LLCD) experiment, performed in October and November 2013 with NASA’s Lunar Atmospheric and Dust Environmental Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft. First the transmitter and receiver designs at the OGS telescope are described, which are geometrically separated to prevent cross-talk. Problems encountered and the lesson learned will be explained. As it turned the chosen arrangement was not sufficiently stable in terms of alignment and the paper will describe the solution found. A new industrial contract has been placed for improvement of the design of two solutions will be presented, which will both be tested in a follow-up laser communication campaign, scheduled for end March 2014.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Trisubsituted Guanidines (2002)

The solid-phase library synthesis of trisubstituted guanidines was accomplished. Amines were loaded onto the 4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxymethyl linker via reductive amination. Subsequent acylation with Fmoc-4-aminomethylbenzoic acid followed by Fmoc deprotection gave solid-supported primary amines. Alternatively, sulfonylation of resin-bound secondary amines with 4-cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride followed by borane reduction also gave solid-supported primary amines. Both resins were acylated with isocyanates to furnish solid-supported ureas. Dehydration of ureas with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine gave solid-supported carbodiimides. Nucleophilic addition of amines to the carbodiimide bond followed by cleavage off the solid support gave trisubstituted guanidines.
A high performance algorithm using pre-processing for the sparse matrix-vector multiplication (1992)

The authors propose a feature-extraction-based algorithm (FEBA) for sparse matrix-vector multiplication. The key idea of FEBA is to exploit any regular structure present in the sparse matrix by extracting it and processing it separately. The order in which these structures are extracted is determined by the relative efficiency with which they can be processed. The authors have tested FEBA on IBM 3000 VF for matrices from the Harwell Boeing and OSL collection. The results obtained were on average five times faster than the ESSL routine which is based on the ITPACK storage structure. >
Catheter Ablation of Atrial Flutter Circuits (1993)

Atrial flutter (AF) mapping has shown circular activation in the right atrium (RA), with a "counterclockwise" rotation in a frontal view. The myocardial isthmus between the inferior vena cava and the tricuspid valve (IVC-T) closes the activation circuit in its caudal end. The reproducibility of this activation pattern, and the fact that some "rare" AF with a "clockwise" rotation of activation use the same circuit, suggests that reentry is greatly facilitated by the anatomical arrangement of the caudal end of the RA. This suggested that ablation of the IVC-T isthmus may interrupt AF and prevent its recurrence. We have applied radiofrequency (RF) current to the IVC-T isthmus in nine patients, producing sudden interruption of activation at this point in five (all those treated with large surface electrode catheters). In three others, RF produced acceleration or disorganization, leading to interruption. Preliminary follow-up data suggest a favorable effect on AF recurrence, either by preventing it, or by making antiarrhythmic drugs effective.
Congenital Deficiency of Fibrin-stabilizing Factor (Factor XIII): A Report of Four Cases (Two Families) and Family Members (1972)

Abstract Four patients with congenital deficiency of fibrin-stabilizing factor (factor XIII) from two families have been described. The mother and the sibs in one family and both parents in the other family were found to have varying degrees of factor XIII deficiency. The observations support the hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance of factor XIII deficiency.
Experimental investigations of nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam micromachining on 304 stainless steel (2018)

Abstract The demand for miniaturized components is increasing day by day as their application varies from industry to industry such as biomedical, micro-electro-mechanical system and aerospace. In the present research work, high-quality micro-channels are fabricated on 304 stainless steel by laser beam micromachining process with nanosecond Nd:YAG laser. The laser pulse energy (LPE), scanning speed (SS) and scanning pass number (SP No.) are used as the process parameters, whereas the depth and width of the kerf as well as the surface roughness are used to characterize the micro-channels. It is found that the kerf depth, width and surface roughness decrease with increase in the SS. The kerf depth sharply increases with increase in the SP No. The kerf width is minimum at 30 mJ LPE, 400 µm s ‒1 SS and 10 SP No. The minimum surface roughness is observed at 30 mJ LPE, 500 µm s ‒1 SS and 10 SP No. The oxygen content is found to gradually decrease with the distance from the centre of the micro-channel. Based on the experimental results, optimized input parameters can be offered to control the micro-channel dimensions and improve their surface finish effectively on stainless steel.
Incremental Parsing by Modular Recurrent Connectionist Networks (1989)

We present a novel, modular, recurrent connectionist network architecture which learns to robustly perform incremental parsing of complex sentences. From sequential input, one word at a time, our networks learn to do semantic role assignment, noun phrase attachment, and clause structure recognition for sentences with passive constructions and center embedded clauses. The networks make syntactic and semantic predictions at every point in time, and previous predictions are revised as expectations are affirmed or violated with the arrival of new information. Our networks induce their own grammar rules for dynamically transforming an input sequence of words into a syntactic/semantic interpretation. These networks generalize and display tolerance to input which has been corrupted in ways common in spoken language.
Epidemiology of Cases of H5N1 Virus Infection in Indonesia, July 2005–June 2006 (2007)

Sporadic and family clusters of cases of H5N1 virus infection, with a high case-fatality proportion, occurred throughout Indonesia during 2005-2006. Extensive efforts are needed to reduce human contact with sick and dead poultry to prevent additional cases of H5N1 virus infection.
Optical and Electrical Characterizations of Ultrathin Films Self-Assembled from 11-Aminoundecanoic Acid Capped TiO<sub>2</sub>Nanoparticles and Polyallylamine Hydrochloride (1999)

11-Aminoundecanoic acid capped titanium dioxide (capped-TiO2) nanoparticles (63 ± 2 Å total diameter and 20−24 Å core diameter) and polyallylamine hydrochloride, PAH, have been layer-by-layer self-assembled onto precoated (by poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDDA, or PAH) substrates. The ultrathin S-PDDA(capped-TiO2/PAH)n (n = 5, 10, 15) films have been characterized by absorption and surface plasmon spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning force microscopy. A S-PDDA(capped-TiO2/PAH)10 film coated by a layer of gold has been shown to function as a Schottky diode.
Modulatory role of D-chiro-inositol (DCI) on LH and insulin secretion in obese PCOS patients (2014)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition that affects fertility through oligo-ovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic morphology of the ovaries. Since it has been demonstrated a high incidence of insulin resistance in PCOS patients, our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the integrative treatment with D-chiro-inositol (DCI) (500 mg die, per os, for 12 weeks) on hormonal parameters and insulin sensitivity in a group of overweight/obese PCOS patients (body mass index; BMI > 26). After the treatment, interval several endocrine parameters improved (luteinizing hormone [LH], LH/follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], androstenedione and insulin), insulin response to oral glucose tolerance test reported the significant improvement of insulin sensitivity as well as the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced (10 µg, in bolus) LH response. BMI decreased, though no lifestyle modification was requested. When data were analyzed according to the presence or absence of first-grade diabetic relatives, PCOS patients with diabetic relatives showed greater improvement after DCI administration. In conclusion DCI administration is effective in restoring better insulin sensitivity and an improved hormonal pattern in obese hyperinsulinemic PCOS patients, in particular, in hyperinsulinemic PCOS patients who have diabetic relatives.
Desmopressin: a nontransfusional form of treatment for congenital and acquired bleeding disorders [see comments] (1988)

Desmopressin (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, abbreviated DDAVP) is a synthetic analogue of the antidiuretic hormone L-arginine vasopressin. Because it can raise circulating levels of factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor and shorten the prolonged bleeding time, DDAVP is established as a nontransfusional form of treatment for mild and moderate hemophilia and von Willebrand disease. Recently, DDAVP has also been purported to be useful for shortening the prolonged skin bleeding times that occur with uremia, cirrhosis, and platelet dysfunctions of various etiologies. Finally, there is evidence from controlled clinical trials that DDAVP can reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements for hemostatically normal individuals undergoing spinal fusion surgery and for patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. The purpose of this report is to review the therapeutic applications of DDAVP in congenital and acquired bleeding disorders and to discuss areas in which further basic and clinical research is needed.
A Zener-diode-activated ESD protection circuit for sub-micron CMOS processes (2002)

A Zener-diode-activated electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit is implemented in a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process. This ESD circuit uses a substrate p-n-p transistor with its base connected to a Zener diode to discharge the electrostatic energy. The Zener diode implementation utilizes a silicide block capability to avoid short circuits in the active area. Its performance has been tested by the human body model and a high-speed ESD test. Its latchup-free characteristic makes it an ideal circuit for ESD protection of I/O pads, ESD clamping between power rails, poly-antenna effect protection, and overshoot attenuation.
How to analyze large programs efficiently and informatively (1992)

of partial redundancies is a powerful optimization that has been implemented in at least three important production compilers and has inspired several simdar optimization. The global data ffow analysis that supports this family of optimization includes some bidirectional prob-Jems. (A bidirectional problem is one in which the global inform ation at each basic block depends on both control flow predecessors and control flow successors.) This paper contributes two ways to simplify and expedite the analysis, especially for large programs. e For each global data flow question, we examine only the places in the program where the question might have an answer different from a trivial default answer. In a large program, we may examine only a small fraction of the places conventional algorithms would examine. e We reduce the relevant bidirectional problems to simpler unidirectional problems. These bidirectional problems can be solved by applying a quick correction to a unidirectional approm"m ation.
A novel dielectrophoresis‐based device for the selective retention of viable cells in cell culture media (1997)

Cost-effective production of biopharmaceuticals on a large scale can be carried out by perfusion cultures of mammalian cells. One problem with this mode of operation for submerged free-cell cultures is the requirement for an efficient cell separation device located in the effluent stream. The present work investigates the potential for the development of a novel dielectrophoresis-based cell separator, capable of providing selective retention of viable cells in cell culture media, which are highly conductive. Predictions of the dielectrophoretic (DEP) response in culture media were first obtained through a series of DEP-levitation experiments. Subsequently, a prototype microelectrode “filter” was microfabricated and tested with C174 myeloma cell suspensions of density 1 × 106 cells/mL. The optimum frequency range for selective retention of viable cells was found in the range 5–15 MHz. A maximum separation efficiency of 98% was achieved at 10 MHz, with an applied peak-to-peak voltage of 30 V (maximum field strength of 105 V/m) and a flow rate of 30 mL/h which corresponds to a superficial velocity of 5.23 cm/h through the DEP-filter channels. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 239–250, 1997
Sodalite ion exchange in polyethylene oxide oligomer solvents (2007)

Traditional aqueous methods of cation exchange in zeolites present complications for the exchange of catalytically important transition metal and rare earth ions. Ethylene oxide-based oligomers (polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol methyl ether, diglyme, tetraglyme, and polypropylene glycol) are being investigated as alternative media for zeolite ion exchange. Reactions using lithium as the exchanging species indicate that these solvents can be used successfully for ion exchange in hydrosodalite and dehydrated sodalite zeolites, enabling these reactions to be carried out in the absence of water. The oligomer solutions allow for the exchange of 88% to 99% of sodium ions for lithium ions after 3–5 exchange cycles at 100 °C in both hydrosodalite and dehydrated sodalite as determined by unit cell parameters and elemental analysis.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:math>-violating asymmetries in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>decays to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> (2005)

Decay rates and time-dependent and direct $CP$ asymmetries in the decays ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}_{S(L)}$ and ${K}_{S}{K}_{S}{K}_{S(L)}$ are studied. Resonant and nonresonant contributions to the three-body decays are carefully investigated. Nonresonant effects on two-body and three-body matrix elements are constrained by QCD counting rules. The predicted branching ratios are consistent with the data within the theoretical and experimental errors, though the theoretical central values are somewhat smaller than the experimental ones. Owing to the presence of color-allowed tree amplitudes in ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}_{S(L)}$, this penguin-dominated mode may be subject to a potentially significant tree pollution and the deviation of the mixing-induced $CP$ asymmetry from that measured in $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}_{S}$, namely, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\mathrm{sin}﻿2{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}_{S(L)}}\ensuremath{\equiv}\mathrm{sin}﻿2{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}_{S(L)}}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{sin}﻿2{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}_{S}}$, can be as large as $\mathcal{O}(0.10)$. In contrast, the ${K}_{S}{K}_{S}{K}_{S(L)}$ modes appear theoretically very clean in our picture with negligible theoretical errors in $\ensuremath{\Delta}\mathrm{sin}﻿2{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{{K}_{S}{K}_{S}{K}_{S(L)}}$. Direct $CP$ asymmetries in ${K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}_{S(L)}$ and ${K}_{S}{K}_{S}{K}_{S(L)}$ modes are found to be very small.
The Empirical Application of Automotive 3D Radar Sensor for Target Detection for an Autonomous Surface Vehicle’s Navigation (2019)

Avoiding collisions with other objects is one of the most basic safety tasks undertaken in the operation of floating vehicles. Addressing this challenge is essential, especially during unmanned vehicle navigation processes in autonomous missions. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the surface target detection possibilities in a water environment, which can be used for the future development of tracking and anti-collision systems for autonomous surface vehicles (ASV). The research focuses on identifying the detection ranges and the field of view for various surface targets. Typical objects that could be met in the water environment were analyzed, including a boat and floating objects. This study describes the challenges of implementing automotive radar sensors for anti-collision tasks in a water environment from the perspective of target detection with the application for small ASV performing tasks on the lake.
Determining factor of effective work function in metal/bi-layer high-<i>k</i> gate stack structure studied by photoemission spectroscopy (2012)

We have demonstrated the determining factor of effective work function in TiN/HfO2/Al2O3/SiO2 gate stack structures by photoemission spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. Difference in depth profiles indicate that the Si layer inserted at the HfO2/Al2O3 interface suppresses diffusion of Al atoms into the HfO2 layer after annealing, resulting in keeping magnitude of the high-k/SiO2 interface dipole. However, it is found that the increase of the effective work function cannot be explained only by the interface dipole model. We suggest that oxidation of the TiN metal electrode due to oxygen diffusion from the HfO2 layer is one of the most important factors.
Cyclin D1 gene numerical aberration is a predictive marker for occult cervical lymph node metastasis in TNM Stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (2005)

Aberrations in CCND1 numbers appear to be valuable in identifying patients at high risk of late lymph node metastasis in Stage I and II OSCCs. Analysis of CCND1 numerical aberrations using FISH on FNA biopsy specimens may be useful in selecting patients for elective cervical lymph node dissection.