gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organization and Myogenic Restricted Expression of the Murine Serum Response Factor Gene (1997)

Serum response factor (SRF), a member of an ancient family of DNA-binding proteins, is generally assumed to be a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in regulating growth factor-responsive genes. However, avian SRF was recently shown (Croissant, J. D., Kim, J.-H., Eichele, G., Goering, L., Lough, J., Prywes, R., and Schwartz, R. J. (1996) Dev. Biol. 177, 250-264) to be preferentially expressed in myogenic lineages and is required for regulating post-replicative muscle gene expression. Given the central importance of SRF for the muscle tissue-restricted expression of the striated alpha-actin gene family, we wanted to determine how SRF might contribute to this muscle-restricted expression. Here we have characterized the murine SRF genomic locus, which has seven exons interrupted by six introns, with the entire locus spanning 11 kilobases. Murine SRF transcripts were processed to two 3'-untranslated region polyadenylation signals, yielding 4.5- and 2.5-kilobase mRNA species. Murine SRF mRNA levels were the highest in adult skeletal and cardiac muscle, but barely detected in liver, lung, and spleen tissues. During early mouse development, in situ hybridization analysis revealed enrichment of SRF transcripts in the myotomal portion of somites, the myocardium of the heart, and the smooth muscle media of vessels of mouse embryos. Likewise, murine SRF promoter activity was tissue-restricted, being 80-fold greater in primary skeletal myoblasts than in liver-derived HepG2 cells. In addition, SRF promoter activity increased 6-fold when myoblasts withdrew from the cell cycle and fused into differentiated myotubes. A 310-base pair promoter fragment depended upon multiple intact serum response elements in combination with Sp1 sites for maximal myogenic restricted activity. Furthermore, cotransfected SRF expression vector stimulated SRF promoter transcription, whereas dominant-negative SRF mutants blocked SRF promoter activity, demonstrating a positive role for an SRF-dependent autoregulatory loop.
Sensor faults detection and classification using SVM with diverse features (2017)

Sensors in industrial systems fault frequently leading to serious consequences regarding cost and safety. The authors propose support vector machine-based classifier with diverse time- and frequency-domain feature models to detect and classify these faults. Three different kernels, i.e., linear, polynomial, and radial-basis function, are employed separately to examine classifier's performance in each case. Furthermore, the respective kernel scales, δ and p of radial-basis function kernel and polynomial kernel, are varied manually to obtain the optimal values. Leave-one-out cross validation is adopted to overcome the overfitting problem. The dataset was acquired from a temperature-to-voltage converter through Matlab and Arduino Uno microcontroller. The efficiency in terms of percent accuracy of proposed time- and frequency-domain feature models can be seen in experimental results.
PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE1 and 2 Regulate Phospholipid Synthesis at the Endoplasmic Reticulum in <i>Arabidopsis</i>  (2010)

Phospholipid biosynthesis is essential for the construction of most eukaryotic cell membranes, but how this process is regulated in plants remains poorly understood. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, two Mg(2+)-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolases called PAH1 and PAH2 act redundantly to repress phospholipid biosynthesis at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Leaves from pah1 pah2 double mutants contain ~1.8-fold more phospholipid than the wild type and exhibit gross changes in ER morphology, which are consistent with massive membrane overexpansion. The net rate of incorporation of [methyl-(14)C]choline into phosphatidylcholine (PC) is ~1.8-fold greater in the double mutant, and the transcript abundance of several key genes that encode enzymes involved in phospholipid synthesis is increased. In particular, we show that PHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (PEAMT1) is upregulated at the level of transcription in pah1 pah2 leaves. PEAMT catalyzes the first committed step of choline synthesis in Arabidopsis and defines a variant pathway for PC synthesis not found in yeasts or mammals. Our data suggest that PAH1/2 play a regulatory role in phospholipid synthesis that is analogous to that described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the target enzymes differ, and key components of the signal transduction pathway do not appear to be conserved.
0.04 Hz relative optical-frequency stability in a 1.5 mu m distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) laser (1989)

The optical frequency of a 1.5- mu m distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) laser is stabilized against that of a master laser by heterodyne-type frequency locking with a phase-locked loop (PLL). Despite the laser's wide linewidth of 16 MHz, stable PLL operation with an optical hold-in range of 26 GHz is realized, and residual frequency fluctuations are reduced to 0.04 Hz at an averaging time of 500 s. The combination of DBR laser and PLL is, therefore, suitable for frequency-controlled light sources. The offset error from the settled frequency caused by the bandlimited beat spectrum is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases, Third Edition (1987)

This edition adheres to the basic purpose of this treatise which is to provide the chemist, physicist, and engineer with the scientific basis for understanding combustion phenomena. Contents: Chemistry and Kinetics of the Reactions between Gaseous Fuel and Oxidants: Theoretical Foundations. The Reaction between Hydrogen and Oxygen. The Reaction between Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen. The Reaction between Hydrocarbons and Oxygen. Flame Propagation: Combustion Waves in Laminar Flow. Combustion Waves in Turbulent Flow. Air Entrainment and Burning of Jets and Fuel Gases. Detonation Waves in Gases. Emission Spectra, Ionization, and Electric Field Effects in Flames. Methods of Flame Photography and Pressure Recording.
Portable standoff Raman and Mie-Rayleigh lidar for cloud, aerosol, and chemical monitoring (2003)

There is a need for portable, low-cost lidar systems that can be used for cloud, aerosols and chemical monitoring from a stand-off distance. At the University of Hawaii we have developed lidar systems based on a 12.7-cm diameter telescope and a 20 Hz frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser source. For stand off Raman detection of organic liquid and vapors, and plastic explosives, we are using a 0.25-m HoloSpec f/2.2 spectrometer equipped with a gated intensified detector (PI Model I-MAX-1024-E). The samples of interest are excited with 532-nm laser light (35 mJ/pulse). The operational range of the Raman system is in 10's of meters and has been tested at distance of 66 m. This system can also be operated as a Raman lidar by using appropriate filters for atmospheric nitrogen, oxygen and other gaseous species of interest. The Mie-Rayleigh lidar system uses the same telescope and laser, but we have three (1064, 532 and 355-nm) wavelengths available for monitoring clouds and aerosols. A small Hamamatsu H6779 photomultiplier tube (PMT) located near the focal point of telescope detects 532-nm backscatter signal. An avalanche photodiode (APD, EG & G C3095) detector equipped with a 2.5-cm diameter aspheric lens is used for detecting 1064-nm backscatter. The Mie-Rayleigh lidar has usable range of 60 - 4000 m. Results obtained with this system for marine aerosols and clouds are discussed.
<title>Application of optical proximity correction in manufacturing and its effect on process control</title> (2000)

Optical proximity correction in terms of linewidth correction at different pitches is used to demonstrate improvement in critical dimension control at the polysilicon layer of a sub- half-micron CMOS process. Further measurements across the image field show the effect on wafer linewidth distributions of different generations of the laser write tool used in reticle manufacturing.
Damping Effects on the Polariton and Plasmariton Dispersion Curves in n-GaAs (1970)

The effect on the temporal and spatial damped-dispersion curves of the polariton and plasmariton has been evaluated for different electron concentrations, lifetimes of the transverse optical (TO) phonon- and electron-collision times. These dispersion curves are important to optical spectroscopists who are investigating Raman and infrared processes.
Differential Effects of Photoaging vs Intrinsic Aging on the Vascularization of Human Skin (2002)

In Korean skin, chronic photodamage results in a gradual decrease in the number and size of dermal vessels over several decades of sun exposure, most likely due to degenerative changes of the dermal extracellular matrix. Because the present investigation was restricted to ethnic Korean volunteers, future studies are needed to evaluate whether similar changes can be observed in whites.
Theory of Fast-Wave Parametric Amplification (1960)

A new type of low-noise beam-type parametric amplifier has recently been introduced by Adler, Hrbek, and Wade. This device is characterized by its use of the fast-cyclotron wave for amplification purposes instead of the conventionally used slow space-charge wave. The fast-cyclotron wave is selected because it can be made relatively noiseless by appropriate coupling processes. Since the input beam noise is the principal source of noise in beam-type tubes, a very great reduction in noise figure is obtained. Amplification of the fast-cyclotron wave is achieved by use of the parametric principle. An analytical description of the device is presented which includes a discussion of parametric amplification of the fast-cyclotron wave. A method of coupling to cyclotron waves is investigated, and design procedures for establishing optimum low-noise characteristics are outlined.
Nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of PC12 cells: evaluation of changes in RNA and DNA metabolism (1981)

The relationship between both DNA and RNA metabolism and the nerve growth factor (betaNGF)-induced differentiation of PC12 cells was investigated. Cells remained in log phase growth for 4 days after exposure to betaNGF. DNA synthesis was similarly unaffected by betaNGF during this time. Thereafter, a gradual decrease in DNA synthesis was observed. In contrast, as many as 40% of the cells display neurites after 4 days exposure to betaNGF. The implication, that cells which have begun to differentiate morphologically may still synthesize DNA, was confirmed using autoradiography. The cellular RNA concentration was elevated significantly within 1 day of exposure to betaNGF and continued to increase for up to 6 days. Dose-response analysis revealed that this increase in cellular RNA, both rRNA and tRNA, closely correlates with the size and number of neurites per cell rather than with the cell's capacity to grow a neurite per se. A parallel rise in the cellular protein concentration was observed also. It was concluded, therefore, that (1) cessation of cell division is not a prerequisite for the initiation of the morphological differentiation of these cells and (2) the elevation of the cellular RNA content influences some quantitative aspects of neurite outgrowth.
Apparent Accelerated Aging of Human Collagen in Diabetes Mellitus (1975)

The chronologic ages of human subjects were determined experimentally by enzymatic digestion of tendon collagen samples. Determined age closely matched actual age for individuals dying with a variety of major diseases. Juvenile diabetics did not fit this pattern; their experimentally determined ages were significantly greater than their actual ages. This raises the possibility of relationships between diabetes mellitus, changes in connective tissue, and accelerated aging.
Design of a lower extremity exoskeleton for motion assistance in paralyzed individuals (2015)

In this paper, we reported innovative design of a lower extremity exoskeleton developed by The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK-EXO) that can help the paralyzed individuals to regain the ability to stand up/sit down (STS) and walk. CUHK-EXO is developed with the features of ergonomic design, user-friendly interface and high safety. The CUHK-EXO hardware design including mechanical structure, electrical system, and multiple sensors is introduced first. A pair of smart crutches and smart phone App are designed as part of the human-machine interface, which can improve the intelligence of the system and make the exoskeleton easier to be used by physical therapists and paralyzed patients. Then, the CUHK-EXO control is developed with STS motion assistance. Finally, pilot trial study is conducted for a healthy subject, and testing results show that the developed CUHK-EXO can help the subject perform desired STS motions.
Moving Object Detecting and Tracking with Mobile Robot Based on Extended Kalman Filter in Unknown Environment (2010)

In order to solve the problem of moving object tracking in unknown environment, an algorithm based on extended Kalman filter is proposed. The states of robot, landmark and object are used to form whole system state, such that the covariance between different object state become more and more intensive in process of iteration, so improves accuracy of object state estimation. For practical application, a method of moving object detection based on occupy grid map is combined with our algorithm to obtain the measurements of moving object and environment landmarks. Moreover, the using of data verification step gives system more ability to tackle problem of disturbance sourced from false object observations. Real robot experiment and simulation results prove the effectiveness and accuracy of presented approach.
30. Uterine extracellular matrix components are altered during defective decidualisation in interleukin-11 receptor deficient mice (2003)

Reproduction, Fertility and Development is an international journal publishing original research , review and comment in the fields of reproduction and developmental biology in humans, domestic animals and wildlife
A frameshift mutation affecting the carboxyl terminus of the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen results in a replication- and transformation-defective virus. (1983)

We have constructed a frameshift mutation in the simian virus 40 early region using a novel method of oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The mutated DNA specifies an 84,000-dalton large tumor antigen that consists of approximately equal to 75,000 daltons encoded by the wild-type reading frame and 9,000 daltons, by the alternative reading frame (wild-type large tumor antigen is approximately equal to 82,000 daltons). The frameshifted carboxyl terminus of the protein bears a strong similarity to the same region of polyoma virus middle-sized tumor antigen. We have found that the mutant DNA is unable to replicate when introduced into permissive monkey cells and incapable of transforming nonpermissive mouse cells.
Comparison of multigrid algorithms for high‐order continuous finite element discretizations (2015)

Summary We present a comparison of different multigrid approaches for the solution of systems arising from high‐order continuous finite element discretizations of elliptic partial differential equations on complex geometries. We consider the pointwise Jacobi, the Chebyshev‐accelerated Jacobi, and the symmetric successive over‐relaxation smoothers, as well as elementwise block Jacobi smoothing. Three approaches for the multigrid hierarchy are compared: (1) high‐order h ‐multigrid, which uses high‐order interpolation and restriction between geometrically coarsened meshes; (2) p ‐multigrid, in which the polynomial order is reduced while the mesh remains unchanged, and the interpolation and restriction incorporate the different‐order basis functions; and (3) a first‐order approximation multigrid preconditioner constructed using the nodes of the high‐order discretization. This latter approach is often combined with algebraic multigrid for the low‐order operator and is attractive for high‐order discretizations on unstructured meshes, where geometric coarsening is difficult. Based on a simple performance model, we compare the computational cost of the different approaches. Using scalar test problems in two and three dimensions with constant and varying coefficients, we compare the performance of the different multigrid approaches for polynomial orders up to 16. Overall, both h ‐multigrid and p ‐multigrid work well; the first‐order approximation is less efficient. For constant coefficients, all smoothers work well. For variable coefficients, Chebyshev and symmetric successive over‐relaxation smoothing outperform Jacobi smoothing. While all of the tested methods converge in a mesh‐independent number of iterations, none of them behaves completely independent of the polynomial order. When multigrid is used as a preconditioner in a Krylov method, the iteration number decreases significantly compared with using multigrid as a solver. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The design and application of electron cyclotron resonance discharges (1997)

During the past ten years electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma-processing technology has matured into a diverse assortment of ECR plasma reactor and plasma source design concepts and has been extensively applied to numerous low-pressure plasma processing applications. This paper reviews the substantial progress made in the design and application of ECR plasma technology in recent years. Five representative ECR reactor/source designs from large-area 450-cm/sup 2/ discharges to compact plasma sources inserted into molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) machines are described in detail. The performance of these ECR devices is evaluated by computing performance figures of merit from the available experimental data. These calculations are then compared with the behavior as predicted from a global model of the discharge. This comparison suggests that global plasma models can be employed as an approximate method for ECR reactor design. More extensive diagnostics and numerical models that investigate the spatial variation of ion density and ion energy distributions are also presented. Several illustrative ECR plasma-processing applications are discussed. These include submicron etching of silicon, etching of III-V and II-VI electronic and photonic devices, and the epitaxial growth of GaN. The variety and the sophistication of these applications demonstrate that low-pressure high-density ECR plasma processing technology has evolved into a very useful, versatile group of plasma-processing machines.
Influence of junction temperature on chromaticity and color-rendering properties of trichromatic white-light sources based on light-emitting diodes (2005)

Trichromatic white-light sources based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) offer a high luminous efficacy of radiation, a broad range of color temperatures and excellent color-rendering properties with color-rendering indices (CRIs) exceeding 85. An analysis of the luminous efficacy and CRI of a trichromatic light source is performed for a very broad range of wavelength combinations. The peak emission wavelength, spectral width, and the output power of LEDs strongly depend on temperature and the dependencies for red, green, and blue LEDs are established. A detailed analysis of the temperature dependence of trichromatic white LED sources reveals that the luminous efficacy decreases, the color temperature increases, the CRI decreases and the chromaticity point shifts towards the blue as the junction temperature increases. A high CRI&gt;80 can be maintained, by adjusting the LED power ratio so that the chromaticity point is conserved.
Bioinformatics Tools for Analysis of Antibodies (2014)

From the bioinformatics perspective, antibodies present a number of unique challenges (e.g., in sequence analysis and search tools) as well as a number of unique opportunities (standardized numbering schemes, high-quality structural modeling). This chapter will survey a number of these aspects and will attempt to guide the user toward tools and resources that will fulfill these requirements. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the natural generation of antibody diversity. Concepts of antibody structure will be reviewed only briefly insofar as they influence the rest of the discussion.
Constructions and noise threshold of topological subsystem codes (2011)

Topological subsystem codes proposed recently by Bombin are quantum error correcting codes defined on a two-dimensional grid of qubits that permit reliable quantum information storage with a constant error threshold. These codes require only the measurement of two-qubit nearest-neighbor operators for error correction. In this paper we demonstrate that topological subsystem codes (TSCs) can be viewed as generalizations of Kitaev's honeycomb model to trivalent hypergraphs. This new connection provides a systematic way of constructing TSCs and analyzing their properties. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition under which a syndrome measurement in a subsystem code can be reduced to measurements of the gauge group generators. Furthermore, we propose and implement some candidate decoding algorithms for one particular TSC assuming perfect error correction. Our Monte Carlo simulations indicate that this code, which we call the five-squares code, has a threshold against depolarizing noise of at least 2%.
Bandwidth allocation and admission control scheme based on Nash bargaining solution for WiMAX systems (2010)

公平、有效的带宽分配和承认控制计划的开发是在 IEEE 802.16 宽带的设计的关键问题之一无线存取系统及时分割多重存取(TDMA ) 模式。在这篇文章，带宽分配和承认控制的问题作为讨价还价的纳什被提出模型。讨价还价的答案(NBS ) 从合作比赛导出的 nash 被采用最大化光谱利用。分析和模拟结果证明由在各种各样的流动之中使用 NBS 有一个唯一的 Pareto 最佳的带宽分配答案。而且，系统的最大的用途能被与连接和可变隧道质量的不同数字使用承认控制政策也维持。建议计划的全部的产量接近最大的，当显著地与存在答案相比改进公平时。
Pathology, organ distribution, and immune response after single and repeated intravenous injection of rats with clinical-grade parvovirus H1. (2015)

Parvovirus H1 (H1PV) is an autonomous parvovirus that is transmitted in rodent populations. Its natural host is rats. H1PV infection is nonpathogenic except in rat and hamster fetuses and newborns. H1PV infection of human cancer cells caused strong oncolytic effects in preclinical models. For a clinical trial of H1PV in patients with brain tumors, clinical-grade H1PV was produced according to Good Manufacturing Practices. This report focuses on results obtained after a single high-dose intravenous injection of highly purified H1PV in 30 rats and multiple (n = 17) intravenous injections at 3 dose levels in 223 rats. In both studies, no virus-related mortality or macroscopic organ changes related to H1PV occurred. Histopathology after multiple virus injections revealed minimal diffuse bile duct hyperplasia in livers of animals of the highest dose group and germinal center development in spleens of animals from the high-dose group. Liver changes were reversible within a 2-wk recovery period after the last injection. Hematology, blood chemistry, and coagulation analyses did not reveal significant toxicologic changes due to H1PV. Virus injection stimulated the production of IgG antibodies but did not alter mononuclear cell function or induce cytokine release. PCR analysis showed dose-dependent levels of viral genomes in all organs tested. The virus was excreted primarily through feces. These data provide important information regarding H1PV infection in its natural host. Due to the confirmation of the favorable safety profile of H1PV in a permissive animal model, a phase I/IIa clinical trial of H1PV in brain tumor patients could be initiated.