gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions of Binary Solvents with Charged Expandable Clays. 1. Theory (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractions of Binary Solvents with Charged Expandable Clays. 1. TheoryJoseph R. Feldkamp and Thomas B. StaufferCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 51, 13594–13600Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/j100102a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (757 KB) Get e-Alerts
Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in Adults (2005)

The management of complicated urinary infection is individualized depending on patient variables and the infecting organism. Further clinical investigations are necessary to assist in determining optimal antimicrobial regimens.
Snapshots of Crystal Growth (2005)

In recent years, atomic force microscopy has provided important insights into how materials crystallize. The method allows measurements to be performed under actual crystallization conditions and is particularly well suited to small-molecule or protein crystals. In his Perspective,
 Ward
 reviews this work, which has provided support for the terrace-ledge-kink model of crystallization and promises insights into the influence of experimental condition on crystallization at the near-molecular level. A recent extension of the method enables spatial control of crystal nucleation and regulation of the crystal growth rate and may allow crystallization conditions to be optimized.
The biogeochemical origin of sewage gases and control of their generation (2022)

The review discusses the ″sewer gases″ emitted from wastewater systems, namely hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4,), ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), phosphine (PH3,), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Sewer gases are naturally occurring gases resulting from internal biogeochemical processes in sewers due to the natural biodegradation of organic matter (OM). Since they are irritating (NH3 and PH3), asphyxiating (H2, CO2, CH4), explosive (H2, PH3, H2S, CH4) and have a greenhouse effect (CH4, N2O, CO2), they threaten human health and the sustainability of the sanitation system. This is due to H2S-induced corrosion that can lead to the collapse of large sewer sections. Controlling the production of sewer gas is therefore critical and requires a thorough understanding of the biogeochemical processes in sewers that drive gas production. This is the subject of the first section of the review. The review then describes the biocorrosion mechanisms for concrete and iron rebar in sewer structures, and finally designs new cost-effective mitigation methods based on electron flux management using the redox mechanisms described in the first section. All sewer gases are gaseous by-products of major biogeochemical cycles of carbon (H2, CO, CO2, CH4), nitrogen (NH3 and N2O), sulphur (H2S) and phosphorus (PH3). Electron exchange is the common denominator in all these gas-producing reactions. In addition, it is through redox reactions that this review presents the sewer gas production processes and looks for control methods. In particular, the review highlights the central role played by the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox couple, as both electron acceptor and donor in sewer gas production. The two key parameters of physical and chemical control are on the one hand the redox potential, and on the other hand, the temperature, due to Q10 ≈3 of sewer gas-producing reactions.
Thermonuclear burn characteristics of compressed deuterium-tritium microspheres (1974)

The phenomenology of thermonuclear burn in deuterium-tritium microspheres at high densities is described, and numerical results characterizing the burn for a broad range of initial conditions are given. The fractional burnup, bootstrap-heating, and depletion of the DT fuel, its expansive disassembly, and thermonuclear ignition by propagating burn from central hot spots in the microspheres are discussed. Extensive numerical results from a 3 T Lagrangian simulation code are presented. The yields Y0 from uniform 10, 1, and 0.1 μg microspheres with densities ρ = 1 to 4 × 104 g/cm3 and temperatures Te = Ti = 1.8 to 100 keV are given. It is shown that Y0 ∼ ρR, ρR &lt; 0.3 (R is the microsphere radius) or, equivalently, Y0 ∼ ρ2/3 for spheres of fixed mass m. The gain-factor G0 ≡ Y0/mI0 (I0 is the internal energy) is shown to measure burn efficiency in uniform microspheres. More than a four-fold increment in the gain factor is shown to derive from apportionment of the internal energy in a central hot spot. The limiting effects of electron degeneracy on the gain factor are outlined. As a guideline, the experimental observation of 1013 neutrons/kJ of input laser energy is established as proof of good absorption; 1015/kJ will imply yields exceeding break even.
P2‐469: Toward therapeutic system for Alzheimer's Disease by removal of blood Aβ: Hemodialysis improved the impaired cognitive states of renal failure patients (2011)

Rapid removal of Aß from the blood by an extra-corporeal system (EARS) may act as a peripheral sink from the brain. We have reported that several medical materials and dialyzers of various hollow fibers are able to remove Aß effectively (J Artificial Organ 2010 and Blood Purification in press). In this study, we investigated the cognitive states and plasma Aß levels of renal failure patients with/without hemodialysis, one of the most common blood purification methods. Twenty three non-diabetic renal failure patients without hemodialysis (NON-HD) (64.7 ± 15.8 y.o.), 17 age-matched controls (CONTROL) (66.5 ± 4.2 y.o.) and 37 non-diabetic patients who received hemodialysis (HD) (68.9 ± 4.1 y.o.) were enrolled to this study. The plasma concentrations of Aß1-40 and Aß1-42 were measured by using a sandwich ELISA. CT brain scans were performed for 35 HD patients. The plasma Aß1-40 concentrations were 212.4 ± 35.3 pg/ml for CONTROL, 416.7 ± 198.5 for NON-HD, and 753.2 ± 170.9 for HD, and the Aß1-42 concentrations were 23.8 ± 4.7, 40.6 ± 16.0, and 64.3 ± 11.3 pg/ml, respectively. The difference between each group are significant (p < 0.0001). The plasma Aß levels of NON-HD were well correlated (p < 0.05) with their serum creatinine, one of the markers of renal failures. The NON-HD patients of lower renal functions showed Aß concentrations as high as those of HD. Despite extremely high concentrations of plasma Aßs, CT of HD showed no severe atrophy in the brain. The MMSE scores were 28.0 ± 2.0 for CONTROL, 26.0 ± 3.6 for NON-HD, and 27.0 ± 2.4 for HD. NON-HD group showed the lowest scores (p < 0.05). The dialyzers removed Aßs from the blood effectively, 57.8 ± 24.3 % for Aß1-40 and 50.9 ± 17.2 % for Aß1-42 at 4hr of hemodialysis. Based on a kinetic analysis, hemodialysis triggered the large influx of Aßs into the blood. Renal failure patients without hemodialysis (NON-HD) showed the increase of plasma Aß concentrations and cognitive impairment. After initiation of the blood purification (hemodialysis), which effectively removed Aß from the blood and triggered the Aß influx into the blood, no increase of plasma Aß levels and the improved MMSE scores were observed. It suggested the possibility of the therapeutic effect of the extracorporeal system of blood Aß removal for Alzheimer's Disease.
Feasibility problem of a class of discrete manufacturing process and its solution (1991)

Proposes the feasibility problem of a class of deterministic discrete manufacturing system, explores the operation behavior of such process on the basis of the concepts of partial order set, event graph, sequence matrix, and one-step-backward sequence matrix, develops an algorithm for finding out an optimum prone compatible row sequence matrix, and proves the tenability of the argument, and as such one solution to the problem is obtained. >
Analog-Grade Power Raman Ring Amplifier at 1.3µm (1996)

Given the low dispersion of the vast majority of installed fiber at 1.3 µm, the emergence of an analog-grade power amplifier in silica fiber at 1.3 µm could have a significant impact on the fiber-intensive delivery of AM-VSB video channels. Raman amplifiers are attractive 1.3 µm amplifier candidates due to their all-silica construction and the ease with which they be tuned. While previous Raman amplifier designs have generated both high gains and large output powers, they have failed to demonstrated analog-grade noise performance.1-4 In this paper, we describe a novel Raman amplifier design that overcomes the noise limitations of previous Raman amplifiers and allows for analog-grade noise performance while generating an output power of +23 dBm.5
Biopsychobehavioral model of risk of severe hypoglycemia. Self-management behaviors. (1999)

Subjects with a history of SH did not report managing their diabetes differently from those with no such history. Specifically, when low BG occurred, the preceding management behaviors, although predictive of low BG, were not different in SH and No-SH subjects. Overall, self-management behaviors did not distinguish SH from No-SH subjects. Thus, even though it might be beneficial for all patients to review their food and exercise management decisions to reduce their frequency of low BG, an educational intervention whose content stresses insulin, food, and exercise would be unlikely by itself to be sufficient to reduce the frequency of SH.
Synthetic DNA Delivery of an Engineered Arginase Enzyme Can Modulate Specific Immunity In Vivo (2020)

Arginase is a complex and unique enzyme that plays diverse roles in health and disease. By metabolizing arginine, it can shape the outcome of innate and adaptive immune responses. The immunomodulatory capabilities of arginase could potentially be applied for local immunosuppression or induction of immune tolerance. With the use of an enhanced DNA delivery approach, we designed and studied a DNA-encoded secretable arginase enzyme as a tool for immune modulation and evaluated its immunomodulatory function <i>in vivo</i>. Strong immunosuppression of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and CD8 T cells, as well as macrophages and dendritic cells, was observed <i>in vitro</i> in the presence of an arginase-rich supernatant. To further evaluate the efficacy of DNA-encoded arginase on <i>in vivo</i> immunosuppression against an antigen, a cancer antigen vaccine model was used in the presence or absence of DNA-encoded arginase. Significant <i>in vivo</i> immunosuppression was observed in the presence of DNA-encoded arginase. The efficacy of this DNA-encoded arginase delivery was examined in a local, imiquimod-induced, psoriasis-like, skin-inflammation model. Pretreatment of animals with the synthetic DNA-encoded arginase led to significant decreases in skin acanthosis, proinflammatory cytokines, and costimulatory molecules in extracted macrophages and dendritic cells. These results draw attention to the potential of direct <i>in vivo</i>-delivered arginase to function as an immunomodulatory agent for treatment of local inflammation or autoimmune diseases.
Generation of a train of ultrashort pulses from a compact birefringent crystal array (2007)

A linear array of n calcite crystals is shown to allow the generation of a high contrast (>10:1) train of 2(n) high energy (>100 microJ) pulses from a single ultrafast laser pulse. Advantage is taken of the pulse-splitting properties of a single birefringent crystal, where an incident laser pulse can be split into two pulses with orthogonal polarizations and equal intensity, separated temporally in proportion to the thickness of the crystal traversed and the difference in refractive indices of the two optic axes. In the work presented here an array of seven calcite crystals of sequentially doubled thickness is used to produce a train of 128 pulses, each of femtosecond duration. Readily versatile properties such as the number of pulses in the train and variable mark-space ratio are realized from such a setup.
New catheter driving method using linear stepping mechanism for intravascular neurosurgery (2003)

Minimum invasive surgery that supports doctors and reduces patient's physical pain has attracted attention. We consider a new intravascular neurosurgery system. There are two problems in intravascular neurosurgery: one is doctor's exposure to x-ray, and another is the lack of skilled doctors. We developed a remote control system by using a master-slave system to solve these problems. In this paper, we describe the development of a new slave device in the master-slave system and construct the new remote control system of catheter operation with safety. To overcome some of the problems encountered on the previous slave device (2000), we develop a new slave device with a disposable structure employing the mechanism of a mechanical pencil for safe operation.
Deficiency of NRH:Quinone Oxidoreductase 2 Increases Susceptibility to 7,12-Dimethylbenz( <b> <i>a</i> </b> )anthracene and Benzo( <b> <i>a</i> </b> )pyrene-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis (2004)

NRH:Quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reductive metabolism of quinones. C57BL/6 NQO2-/- mice lacking NQO2 gene expression were generated in our laboratory. The dorsal skin of NQO2-deficient mice was exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) or benzo(a)pyrene alone (complete carcinogen) or with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (initiation/promotion model) to determine the in vivo role of NQO2 in chemical carcinogenesis. The NQO2-/- mice showed significantly increased tumor frequency with DMBA + TPA when compared with their wild-type littermates. The benzo(a)pyrene + TPA also showed increase in tumor incidence in NQO2-/- mice but to a less extent than DMBA. DMBA alone resulted in low frequency of tumor development with no difference in susceptibility between wild-type and NQO2-/- mice. Benzo(a)pyrene alone failed to induce tumors in either wild-type or NQO2-/- mice. Histologic analysis of the NQO2-/- mice tumors demonstrated proliferative activity. The treatment of NQO2-/- mice skin with benzo(a)pyrene failed to significantly increase tumor suppressor protein p53 and p53-regulated growth-related protein p21 and proapoptotic protein Bax as observed in case of wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that NQO2 protects against DMBA- and benzo(a)pyrene-induced skin carcinogenesis and suggest that NQO2 protection might be against tumor promotion. The results also suggest that lack of induction of p53, p21, and Bax proteins might contribute to increased sensitivity of NQO2-/- mice skin to benzo(a)pyrene carcinogenicity.
Shot Development in Meltblown Webs (1998)

Various shot observations were obtained from meltblown webs by using simple measurement techniques that cannot be disputed easily. Some of these measurements produced unexpected and interesting results, which indicate that shot development is more complicated than was previously thought. Three basic models for shot development are proposed and reviewed qualitatively in terms of their ability to explain tbe experimental results. The most difficult challenge of these models is to explain how the location and speed of the web collector significantly influence shot availability in webs.
Automated pre‐ejection period variation indexed to tidal volume predicts fluid responsiveness after cardiac surgery (2009)

In this study in post-cardiac surgery patients, a refined parameter, PEPV, predicted fluid responsiveness better than PPV and DeltaPEP. Our results suggest that dynamic parameters using variations in PEP should be indexed to tidal volume.
L'autre perspective: couleur et représentation de l'espace à la fin du Moyen âge (2016)

The other perspective: color and the representation of space in the late Middle Ages. Since Erwin Panofsky in 1925, the Italian perspectiva legitima as a symbolical form in Renaissance painting has attracted much attention among art historians. As yet unexplored is another perspective which appeared in Northern Painting at about the same time. This atmospheric perspective, based on completely different principles, mainly color, also made a revolution in the construction of the pictorial space and was a departure from millenary practices. My aim here will be to further explore its origins, reception and consequences in comparison with its Italian counterpart at the beinning of the 15th century.
Visualization of Battlefield Obscurants (1991)

The EOSAEL Combined Obscuration Model for Battlefield Contaminants (COMBIC) module models the transmittance of seven electro-optical wavelengths through 30 obscurant sources types. Designed as a war gaming tool, COMBIC computes the transmissivity along selected lines of sight, but does not allow realistic visualization of the obscurants. Because of their amorphous nature, obscurant clouds are particularly difficult to model with traditional computer graphics techniques, which employ flat polygons to model clearly defined features. Grumman Data Systems has developed non-traditional computer graphics techniques using fractal ellipsoids to model clouds realistically but economically. This paper describes work initiated by the U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center to integrate Grumman graphics technology with COMBIC to provide realistic visualization of battlefield obscurants. COMBIC Phase I subroutines are used to generate an obscurant cloud envelope. This envelope is then filled with fractal ellipsoids which can be manipulated dynamically to generate animated sequences of the obscurant's development. visualization, obscurants, amorphous, fractal ellipsoids, smoke.
Stage‐ and region‐dependent responses of chick wing‐bud mesenchymal cells to retinoic acid in serum‐free microcultures (1994)

Retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to affect skeletal patterning in vivo in both developing and regenerating limbs. Regional differences in RA concentrations alone cannot account for the region-specific cell behaviors involved in limb-skeletal morphogenesis. The present study explores a role for regional differences in signal interpretation in RA's effects along the anteroposterior and proximodistal axes of stage 21-22 and 23-24 chick wing-buds. Mesenchymal cells isolated from specific limb regions were grown in chemically defined medium and exposed to 5 or 50 ng/ml of RA for 4 days in high-density microtiter cultures. Previous studies showed that RA's effects on chondrogenesis and growth in such cultures differed depending on the position along the limb's proximodistal axis from which the cells were isolated. The present study is the first to show that such differences in RA-responsiveness also exist along the limb's anteroposterior axis, especially in the distal subridge mesenchyme. The region-dependent relationships between RA's effects on growth and chondrogenesis suggest that RA affects these two behaviors through different mechanisms. The regional differences in the responsiveness of these cells to exogenous RA are discussed with respect to their correspondence to the in vivo patterns of expression of RA-binding proteins, RA-receptors, and other patterning-related genes.
ACCELERATED LABORATORY TEST FOR EVALUATING THE TOXICITY OF FUNGICIDES FOR LUMBER (1970)

TEST TECHNIQUES ARE REQUIRED BOTH TO EVALUATE NEW FORMULATIONS DEVELOPED FOR PREVENTION OF SAPSTAIN AND MOULD ON UNSEASONED LUMBER IN STORAGE AND TO PROVIDE AN INEXPENSIVE AND RAPID MEANS TO SCREEN OUT UNSUITABLE FORMULATIONS. THIS REPORT OUTLINES A LABORATORY METHOD THAT GIVES RESULTS IN THREE WEEKS WHICH ARE INDICATIVE OF THOSE OBTAINED IN LARGESCALE, OUTDOOR TESTS OVER A 12-MONTH LONG PERIOD. AN EXAMPLE IS ALSO GIVEN TO SHOW THE VALUE OF THE METHOD IN ASSESSING A NEW COMMERCIAL FUNGICIDE. /AUTHOR/
Volume-type holographic antenna (1975)

A new type of holographic antenna based on the principle of the volume hologram is proposed. The characteristics of the prototype are examined. The antenna has a unidirectional beam with a front-to-back ratio of 20 dB. The practical frequency handwidth is about 10 percent of the center frequency. The antenna is unique in that the feed point is placed in the plane of the holographic plate so that both feeder and the holographic plate could be made out of one printed circuit board for easy flush mount installation or mass production, although the feeder of the prototype antenna was a pyramidal horn.
Hypotensive and heart rate-lowering effects in rats receiving milk fermented by specific <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> strains (2012)

Previous studies have demonstrated that milk fermented by specific Lactococcus lactis strains significantly inhibits the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). However, the relationship between the ACE inhibitor and its in vivo action has revealed discrepancies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antihypertensive and heart rate (HR)-lowering effect of milk fermented by specific L. lactis in a murine model. Spontaneously hypertensive male rats (271 (SD14) g) were randomised into four treatment groups that were orally administered with milk fermented by L. lactis NRRL B-50 571 or L. lactis NRRL B-50 572 at 35 or 50 mg protein/kg body weight (BW), respectively. Further, two more groups were fed with different solutions as controls: a saline solution as the negative control and Captopril (40 mg/kg BW), a proven ACE inhibitor, as the positive control. Blood pressure and HR were monitored by the tail-cuff method before the treatments and at 2, 4, 6 and 24 h post-oral administration. The results demonstrated that milk fermented by L. lactis NRRL B-50 571 as well as by L. lactis NRRL B-50 572 presented an important systolic and diastolic blood pressure- and HR-lowering effect. Thus, milk fermented by specific L. lactis strains may present potential benefits in the prevention and treatment of CVD associated with hypertension in humans.
Über heterocyclische Siebenringsysteme, III. Mitteil.: Synthesen einfacher 7‐gliedriger Heterocyclen mit 2 Stickstoff‐Atomen (1954)

Abstract Äthylendiamin wird mit α,β‐ungesättigten Carbonsäuren zu Piperazinderivaten, mit β‐Ketosäureestern und 1.3‐Diketonen zu hetero‐cyclischen Siebenringen mit 2 Stickstoff‐Atomen umgesetzt.
Speech Recognition in a Multi-speaker Environment by Using Hidden Markov Model and Mel-frequency Approach (2016)

The sound is a useful and versatile form of communication, where each sound have characteristics and levels of different frequency. Sound serves two basic functions for people around the world: signaling and communication. Several problems are found in sounds identifying, like pitch, velocity, and accuracy of processing voice data. The motivation of this research is to recognize and analyze human voice in a multi-speaker environment from the meeting or indirect conversation. In this research, a Hidden Markov Model approach is proposed as an emotion classifier to carry out testing phases using speech data.