gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE FROM FLUE GAS USING DRY REGENERABLE SORBENTS (2003)

This report describes research conducted between April 1, 2003 and June 30, 2003 on the use of dry regenerable sorbents for concentration of carbon dioxide from flue gas. Grade 1 sodium bicarbonate performed similarly to grade 5 sodium bicarbonate in fixed bed testing in that activity improved after the first carbonation cycle and did not decline over the course of 5 cycles. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that sodium bicarbonate sorbents produced by calcination of sodium bicarbonate are superior to either soda ash or calcined trona. Energy requirements for regeneration of carbon dioxide sorbents (either wet or dry) is of primary importance in establishing the economic feasibility of carbon dioxide capture processes. Recent studies of liquid amine sorption processes were reviewed and found to incorporate conflicting assumptions of energy requirements. Dry sodium based processes have the potential to be less energy intensive and thus less expensive than oxygen inhibited amine based systems. For dry supported sorbents, maximizing the active fraction of the sorbent is of primary importance in developing an economically feasible process.
Stereo vision for computer graphics (2003)

Stereo vision is a fundamental part of our human visual system and yet this aspect is largely ignored when rendering high quality images. This paper investigates whether viewing in stereo could affect our judgements of the visual realism of computer-generated images. Three experiments concerning the visual factors of illumination directions, light source numbers, and view point position have been carried out to study the different responses between two groups of human subjects. Two groups of subjects had different conditions of viewing. One viewed stereoscopic pairs of images (different views for each eye) while the other group viewed identical pairs of images (same view for each eye). Subjects were asked to respond verbally with or Not Real to each visual stimulus presented. The data recorded in the experiments was the subjects' response time.The results from the three experiments all reveal that under the stereo viewing condition, the subjects took more time to make the decision on the visual realism of the synthetic images. This outcome provides insight into how we should consider rendering highly realistic images of real scenes as opposed to images that simply approximate a photograph of that scene.
A parallelizable operation scheme of the Boltzmann machine optimizer based on group updates (1995)

An operation scheme for the Boltzmann Machine Optimizer is proposed thatis suitable for parallelization and is based on the notion of group updates. It hasthe advantage of suggesting transitions between states that differ in more than oneunit and exhibits greater flexibility in accepting such transitions compared to thepure sequential case. The performance of the method is evaluated on the WeightedMaximum
FingerTrak (2020)

In this paper, we present FingerTrak, a minimal-obtrusive wristband that enables continuous 3D finger tracking and hand pose estimation with four miniature thermal cameras mounted closely on a form-fitting wristband. FingerTrak explores the feasibility of continuously reconstructing the entire hand postures (20 finger joints positions) without the needs of seeing all fingers. We demonstrate that our system is able to estimate the entire hand posture by observing only the outline of the hand, i.e., hand silhouettes from the wrist using low-resolution (32 x 24) thermal cameras. A customized deep neural network is developed to learn to "stitch" these multi-view images and estimate 20 joints positions in 3D space. Our user study with 11 participants shows that the system can achieve an average angular error of 6.46° when tested under the same background, and 8.06° when tested under a different background. FingerTrak also shows encouraging results with the re-mounting of the device and has the potential to reconstruct some of the complicated poses. We conclude this paper with further discussions of the opportunities and challenges of this technology.
Radiprodil, a NR2B negative allosteric modulator, from bench to bedside in infantile spasm syndrome (2020)

Radiprodil showed prominent anti-seizure effect in juvenile animals, consistent with the prevalent expression of NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor at this age in both rodents and humans. The clinical testing, although preliminary, showed that radiprodil is associated with a good safety and pharmacokinetic profile, and with the potential to control epileptic spasms.
Magnetically-actuated artificial cilia for microfluidic propulsion (2011)

In this paper we quantitatively analyse the performance of magnetically-driven artificial cilia for lab-on-a-chip applications. The artificial cilia are fabricated using thin polymer films with embedded magnetic nano-particles and their deformation is studied under different external magnetic fields and flows. A coupled magneto-mechanical solid-fluid model that accurately captures the interaction between the magnetic field, cilia and fluid is used to simulate the cilia motion. The elastic and magnetic properties of the cilia are obtained by fitting the results of the computational model to the experimental data. The performance of the artificial cilia with a non-uniform cross-section is characterised using the numerical model for two channel configurations that are of practical importance: an open-loop and a closed-loop channel. We predict that the flow and pressure head generated by the artificial cilia can be as high as 18 microlitres per minute and 3 mm of water, respectively. We also study the effect of metachronal waves on the flow generated and show that the fluid propelled increases drastically compared to synchronously beating cilia, and is unidirectional. This increase is significant even when the phase difference between adjacent cilia is small. The obtained results provide guidelines for the optimal design of magnetically-driven artificial cilia for microfluidic propulsion.
Learning boolean functions in an infinite attribute space (1990)

This paper presents a model for learning Boolean functions in domains described by a potentially infinite number of attributes. The model allows an algorithm to employ a rich vocabulary with which to describe the objects it encounters in the world without necessarily incurring time and space penalties so long as each individual object is relatively simple. We show that many of the basic Boolean functions learnable in the standard models, such as conjunctions, disjunctions, K-CNF, and K-DNF, are still learnable in the new model, though by algorithms no longer quite so trivial as before. We feel that this new model better captures the way objects and their attributes relate and are presented to us in the real world.
Fitting of ellipses from support function measurements (2002)

Three new methods for fitting ellipses to regions are presented. They are based on the measurements of the support function of the region. The fitted ellipse is the one that: (1) minimizes the support function error, (2) circumscribes the region or (3) is inscribed in the region. These methods have the advantage of fitting an ellipse to a region without the need of the contour. They can be used on incomplete ellipses. Results are presented on simulated data and a real nuclear medicine image of the myocardium.
Effect of Ephedra foeminea active compounds on cell viability and actin structures in cancer cell lines (2017)

Ephedra is likely one of the oldest medicinal plants still currently in use. In folk medicine, extracts of Ephedra foeminea are commonly used to treat cancer patients. In relation to its traditional use, the aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxic activity in vitro of E. foeminea extracts on cancer and non-cancer cells. Cell viability was determined using XTT assay, induction of apoptosis by cell sorting and caspase-3 inhibition, and the effects on cell cytoskeleton structure were detected using cell transfection utilizing different cytoskeleton markers. Chemical profiling, analysis of active extracts and identification of compounds was done using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS). E. foeminea leaf ethanol extract and E. foeminea fruit juice reduced cancer cell viability in vitro, whereas the water extract reduced cytotoxic activity in all cell lines. The extract's cytotoxic activity was conveyed at least partially via the induction of caspase 3-dependent cell apoptosis, and enhanced by the addition of Taxol. Both E. foeminea ethanol leaf extract and fruit juice affected actin-stained but not tubulin-stained filaments. Ethanol extract promoted the formation of invadopodia-like structures and fruit juice promoted the formation of large focal adhesion points in the treated cells. Active sub-fractions of E. foeminea extracts were found to contain several compounds including trans-sinapyl alcohol and trans-sinapaldehyde derivative.   Key words: Ephedra foeminea, plant extract, cancer cells, actin, invadopodia, apoptosis.
Murine Oocytes Suppress Expression of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid by Granulosa Cells1 (1997)

This study tested the hypothesis that murine oocytes participate in the establishment of granulosa cell phenotypic heterogeneity in preovulatory follicles. In these follicles, mural granulosa cells express LH receptors (LHR) and LHR mRNA, but expression of these molecules is low or undetectable in cumulus cells. Thus, the expression of LHR mRNA is a marker of the mural granulosa cell phenotype in preovulatory follicles. Cumulus cells expressed elevated steady-state levels of LHR mRNA when oocytes were microsurgically removed from oocyte-cumulus cell complexes, and this was prevented by paracrine factor(s) secreted by isolated oocytes. These factors also suppressed FSH-induced elevation of the level of LHR mRNA expression by mural granulosa cells isolated from small antral follicles, even when expression was augmented by culturing granulosa cells on components of basal lamina. Moreover, factor(s) secreted by oocytes suppressed the expression of LHR mRNA in mural granulosa cells isolated from preovulatory follicles already expressing elevated levels of these transcripts. The ability of oocytes to suppress the LHR mRNA expression by granulosa cells was developmentally regulated. Oocytes from preantral follicles and mature (metaphase II arrested) oocytes were less effective in suppressing expression than fully grown, germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes. Furthermore, two-cell-stage embryos did not suppress LHR mRNA levels. Coculture of isolated oocytes with granulosa cells affected the synthesis of very few granulosa cell proteins detected by fluorography of two-dimensional gels after 35S-methionine labeling. Thus, oocyte suppression of FSH-induced LHR mRNA expression is specific in both the suppressing cell type and the effects on granulosa cells. It is concluded that the default pathway of granulosa cell differentiation produces the mural granulosa cell phenotype, as represented by the expression of LHR mRNA. This pathway is abrogated by oocytes. Thus, oocytes play a dominant role in establishing the fundamental heterogeneity of the granulosa cell population of preovulatory follicles.
Asset Trees and Asset Graphs in Financial Markets (2003)

This paper introduces a new methodology for constructing a network of companies called a dynamic asset graph. This is similar to the dynamic asset tree studied recently, as both are based on correlations between asset returns. However, the new modified methodology does not, in general, lead to a tree but a graph, or several graphs that need not be inter-connected. The asset tree, due to the minimum spanning tree criterion, is forced to ``accept'' edge lengths that are far less optimal (longer) than the asset graph, thus resulting in higher overall length for the tree. The same criterion also causes asset trees to be more fragile in structure when measured by the single-step survival ratio. Over longer time periods, in the beginning the asset graph decays more slowly than the asset tree, but in the long-run the situation is reversed. The vertex degree distributions indicate that the possible scale free behavior of the asset graph is not as evident as it is in the case of the asset tree.
DNA immunization to prevent autoimmune diabetes (1999)

Mice expressing lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein (LCMV-NP) as a transgene in their beta cells develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) only after LCMV infection. Inoculation of plasmid DNA encoding the insulin B chain reduced the incidence of IDDM by 50% in this model. The insulin B-chain DNA vaccination was effective through induction of regulatory CD4 lymphocytes that react with the insulin B chain, secrete IL-4, and locally reduce activity of LCMV-NP-autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the pancreatic draining lymph node. In contrast, similar vaccination with plasmids expressing the LCMV viral ("self") protein did not prevent IDDM, because no such regulatory cells were induced. Thus, DNA immunization with plasmids expressing self-antigens might constitute a novel and attractive therapeutic approach to prevent autoimmune diseases, if the antigens are carefully preelected for an ability to induce regulatory lymphocytes in vivo.
Scanning and transmission electron microscopy: an introduction (1994)

A core textbook for courses on electron microscopy Ideal for use in any laboratory, this book presents the practical and theoretical fundamentals of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Clear and concise explanations coupled with instructive diagrams and photographs guide you through: * microscope operation * image production * analytical techniques Specimen preparation is discussed in detail with emphasis on specific parameters for biological specimens. This unique book covers the essentials of scanning and transmission electron microscopy while leaving the laboratory particulars to individual discretion. Unmatched in scope and clarity, this text offers the best introduction to scanning and transmission electron microscopy available.
Advances in engineering of high contrast CARS imaging endoscopes (2014)

The translation of CARS imaging towards real time, high resolution, chemically selective endoscopic tissue imaging applications is limited by a lack of sensitivity in CARS scanning probes sufficiently small for incorporation into endoscopes. We have developed here a custom double clad fiber (DCF)-based CARS probe which is designed to suppress the contaminant Four-Wave-Mixing (FWM) background generated within the fiber and integrated it into a fiber based scanning probe head of a few millimeters in diameter. The DCF includes a large mode area (LMA) core as a first means of reducing FWM generation by ~3 dB compared to commercially available, step-index single mode fibers. A micro-fabricated miniature optical filter (MOF) was grown on the distal end of the DCF to block the remaining FWM background from reaching the sample. The resulting probe was used to demonstrate high contrast images of polystyrene beads in the forward-CARS configuration with > 10 dB suppression of the FWM background. In epi-CARS geometry, images exhibited lower contrast due to the leakage of MOF-reflected FWM from the fiber core. Improvements concepts for the fiber probe are proposed for high contrast epi-CARS imaging to enable endoscopic implementation in clinical tissue assessment contexts, particularly in the early detection of endoluminal cancers and in tumor margin assessment.
Suppression of NFκB activation and NFκB‐dependent gene expression by tepoxalin, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5‐lipoxygenase (1995)

Tepoxalin, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (CO) and 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) with cytokine modifying activity, is also a potent inhibitor of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B). NF kappa B is a pleiotropic activator that is involved in the regulation of many genes whose products participate in immune or inflammatory responses. Tepoxalin inhibited in a dose related manner NF kappa B activation by PMA + ionomycin or H2O2 in Jurkat and HeLa cells. TNF-alpha-induced NF kappa B was also inhibited by tepoxalin in HeLa cells, while relatively less marked inhibition was observed in Jurkat cells. Activation of NF kappa B in several monocytic cell lines was also suppressed by tepoxalin. However AP-1 stimulation under the same conditions was not affected by tepoxalin. Other CO, LO inhibitors such as naproxen or zileuton did not inhibit NF kappa B activities. This inhibitory activity of tepoxalin was further illustrated by its suppression of NF kappa B regulated genes such as IL-6 in PMA stimulated human PBL and c-myc in IL-2 dependent T cell lines. Tepoxalin also blocked PMA + ionomycin-induced I kappa B degradation in a time-dependent fashion. The possible mechanism of tepoxalin in NF kappa B activation and its potential clinical application are discussed.
Estimation of surgical tool‐tip tracking error distribution in coordinate reference frame involving pivot calibration uncertainty (2017)

Accurate understanding of surgical tool-tip tracking error is important for decision making in image-guided surgery. In this Letter, the authors present a novel method to estimate/model surgical tool-tip tracking error in which they take pivot calibration uncertainty into consideration. First, a new type of error that is referred to as total target registration error (TTRE) is formally defined in a single-rigid registration. Target localisation error (TLE) in two spaces to be registered is considered in proposed TTRE formulation. With first-order approximation in fiducial localisation error (FLE) or TLE magnitude, TTRE statistics (mean, covariance matrix and root-mean-square (RMS)) are then derived. Second, surgical tool-tip tracking error in optical tracking system (OTS) frame is formulated using TTRE when pivot calibration uncertainty is considered. Finally, TTRE statistics of tool-tip in OTS frame are then propagated relative to a coordinate reference frame (CRF) rigid-body. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to validate the proposed error model. The percentage passing statistical tests that there is no difference between simulated and theoretical mean and covariance matrix of tool-tip tracking error in CRF space is more than 90% in all test cases. The RMS percentage difference between simulated and theoretical tool-tip tracking error in CRF space is within 5% in all test cases.
Phosphorus and boron implantation in 6H–SiC (1997)

Phosphorus and boron ion implantations were performed at various energies in the 50 keV–4 MeV range. Range statistics of P+ and B+ were established by analyzing the as-implanted secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiles. Anneals were conducted in the temperature range of 1400–1700 °C using either a conventional resistive heating ceramic processing furnace or a microwave annealing station. The P implant was found to be stable at any annealing temperature investigated, but the B redistributed during the annealing process. The implant damage is effectively annealed as indicated by Rutherford backscattering measurements. For the 250 keV/1.2×1015 cm−2 P implant, annealed at 1600 °C for 15 min, the measured donor activation at room temperature is 34% with a sheet resistance of 4.8×102 Ω/□. The p-type conduction could not be measured for the B implants.
Optimized asynchronous multi-channel neighbor discovery (2011)

We consider the problem of neighbor discovery in wireless networks with nodes operating in multiple frequency bands and with asymmetric beacon intervals. This is a challenging task when considering such heterogenous operation conditions and when performed without any external assistance. We present linear programming (LP) optimization and two strategies, named OPT and SWOPT, allowing nodes performing fast, asynchronous, and passive discovery. Our optimization is slotted based and determines a listening schedule describing when to listen, for how long, and on which channel. We compare our strategies with the passive discovery of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The results confirm that our optimization improves the performance in terms of first, average, and last discovery time.
Structure of a yeast spliceosome at 3.6-angstrom resolution (2015)

Splicing of precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) in yeast is executed by the spliceosome, which consists of five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), NTC (nineteen complex), NTC-related proteins (NTR), and a number of associated enzymes and cofactors. Here, we report the three-dimensional structure of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe spliceosome at 3.6-angstrom resolution, revealed by means of single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy. This spliceosome contains U2 and U5 snRNPs, NTC, NTR, U6 small nuclear RNA, and an RNA intron lariat. The atomic model includes 10,574 amino acids from 37 proteins and four RNA molecules, with a combined molecular mass of approximately 1.3 megadaltons. Spp42 (Prp8 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae), the key protein component of the U5 snRNP, forms a central scaffold and anchors the catalytic center. Both the morphology and the placement of protein components appear to have evolved to facilitate the dynamic process of pre-mRNA splicing. Our near-atomic-resolution structure of a central spliceosome provides a molecular framework for mechanistic understanding of pre-mRNA splicing.
Effective Real-Time Android Application Auditing (2015)

Mobile applications can access both sensitive personal data and the network, giving rise to threats of data leaks. App auditing is a fundamental program analysis task to reveal such leaks. Currently, static analysis is the de facto technique which exhaustively examines all data flows and pinpoints problematic ones. However, static analysis generates false alarms for being over-estimated and requires minutes or even hours to examine a real app. These shortcomings greatly limit the usability of automatic app auditing. To overcome these limitations, we design AppAudit that relies on the synergy of static and dynamic analysis to provide effective real-time app auditing. AppAudit embodies a novel dynamic analysis that can simulate the execution of part of the program and perform customized checks at each program state. AppAudit utilizes this to prune false positives of an efficient but over-estimating static analysis. Overall, AppAudit makes app auditing useful for app market operators, app developers and mobile end users, to reveal data leaks effectively and efficiently. We apply AppAudit to more than 1,000 known malware and 400 real apps from various markets. Overall, AppAudit reports comparative number of true data leaks and eliminates all false positives, while being 8.3x faster and using 90% less memory compared to existing approaches. AppAudit also uncovers 30 data leaks in real apps. Our further study reveals the common patterns behind these leaks: 1) most leaks are caused by 3rd-party advertising modules; 2) most data are leaked with simple unencrypted HTTP requests. We believe AppAudit serves as an effective tool to identify data-leaking apps and provides implications to design promising runtime techniques against data leaks.
Time-Domain Frequency-Selective Optical Memories: A Study of the Basic Mechanisms and Potential Systems. (1987)

Abstract : Fundamental principles associated with a new non-linear optical approach to constructing ultra-high speed, high density, optical memories have been studied in a four-year ARO research contract. Basic feasibility of the approach has been established. Non-linear optical approaches to optical processing, phase-conjugation, and pulse compression were also investigated. Keywords: Gas phase memory, Coherent transient effects, Frequency swept, Optical pulses, Solid state storage.