gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine as a degradation product of fructoselysine in glycated protein. (1986)

The chemistry of Maillard or browning reactions of glycated proteins was studied using the model compound, N alpha-formyl-N epsilon-fructoselysine (fFL), an analog of glycated lysine residues in protein. Incubation of fFL (15 mM) at physiological pH and temperature in 0.2 M phosphate buffer resulted in formation of N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine (CML) in about 40% yield after 15 days. CML was formed by oxidative cleavage of fFL between C-2 and C-3 of the carbohydrate chain and erythronic acid (EA) was identified as the split product formed in the reaction. Neither CML nor EA was formed from fFL under a nitrogen atmosphere. The rate of formation of CML was dependent on phosphate concentration in the incubation mixture and the reaction was shown to occur by a free radical mechanism. CML was also identified by amino acid analysis in hydrolysates of both poly-L-lysine and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease glycated in phosphate buffer under air. CML was also detected in human lens proteins and tissue collagens by HPLC and the identification was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The presence of both CML and EA in human urine suggests that they are formed by degradation of glycated proteins in vivo. The browning of fFL incubation mixtures proceeded to a greater extent under a nitrogen versus an air atmosphere, suggesting that oxidative degradation of Amadori adducts to form CML may limit the browning reactions of glycated proteins. Since the reaction products, CML and EA, are relatively inert, both chemically and metabolically, oxidative cleavage of Amadori adducts may have a role in limiting the consequences of protein glycation in the body.
Retrospective authorisation of identified activities for the purposes of environmental impact assessment (2003)

This article explores the legality of the practice by authorities to provide retrospective authorisation for environmental impact assessments in regard to listed activities, where such authorisations had not been given prior to the construction of such activities. Several court decisions had addressed these practices in a different manner. It is argued that this practice is clearly contrary the provisions of the Environmental Conservation Act and is therefore illegal and unacceptable.
Low-Power CMOS Smart Temperature Sensor With a Batch-Calibrated Inaccuracy of ${\pm}{0.25}^{\circ}{\rm C}~({\pm}3\sigma)$ From ${-}{70}^{\circ}{\rm C}$ to 130$^{\circ}{\rm C}$ (2013)

In this paper, a low-power CMOS smart temperature sensor is presented. The temperature information extracted using substrate PNP transistors is digitized with a resolution of 0.03 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> using a precision switched-capacitor (SC) incremental <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta\Sigma$</tex></formula> A/D converter. After batch calibration, an inaccuracy of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\pm}0.25^{\circ}{\rm C}~({\pm}{3})$</tex></formula> from <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}{70}^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> to 130 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> is obtained. This represents a two-fold improvement compared to the state-of-the-art. After individual calibration at room temperature, an inaccuracy better than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\pm}{\rm 0.1}^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> over the military temperature range is obtained, which is in-line with the state-of-the-art. This performance is achieved at a power consumption of 65 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm W}$</tex></formula> during a measurement time of 100 ms, by optimizing the power/inaccuracy tradeoffs, and by employing a clock frequency proportional to absolute temperature. The latter ensures accurate settling of the SC input stage at low temperatures, and reduces the effects of leakage currents at high temperatures.
Neuroimaging in the Era of the Evolving WHO Classification of Brain Tumors, From the <i>AJR</i> Special Series on Cancer Staging (2021)

The inclusion of molecular and genetic information with histopathologic information defines the framework for brain tumor classification and grading. This framework is reflected in the major restructuring of the WHO brain tumor classification system in 2016 and in numerous subsequent proposed updates reflecting ongoing developments in understanding the impact of tumor genotype on classification and grading. This incorporation of molecular and genetic features improves tumor diagnosis and prediction of tumor behavior and response to treatment. Neuroimaging is essential for the noninvasive assessment of pretreatment tumor grading and for identification and determination of therapeutic efficacy. Use of conventional neuroimaging and physiologic imaging techniques, such as diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI, can increase diagnostic confidence before and after treatment. Although the use of neuroimaging to consistently determine tumor genetics is not yet robust, promising developments are on the horizon. Given the complexity of the brain tumor microenvironment, the development and implementation of a standardized reporting system can aid in conveying to radiologists, referring providers, and patients important information about brain tumor response to treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the current state and role of neuroimaging in this continuously evolving field.
Overview of Several Theoretical Models on PEAR Data (2000)

Abstract—Existing PEAR datasets on microelectronic experiments are re-viewed for their consistency with several theoretical models. The analysis in-cludes a comparison of the observed data with predictions from bitwise-effect
Improving IMRT delivery efficiency using intensity limits during inverse planning (2005)

Inverse planned intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) fields can be highly modulated due to the large number of degrees of freedom involved in the inverse planning process. Additional modulation typically results in a more optimal plan, although the clinical rewards may be small or offset by additional delivery complexity and/or increased dose from transmission and leakage. Increasing modulation decreases delivery efficiency, and may lead to plans that are more sensitive to geometrical uncertainties. The purpose of this work is to assess the use of maximum intensity limits in inverse IMRT planning as a simple way to increase delivery efficiency without significantly affecting plan quality. Nine clinical cases (three each for brain, prostate, and head/neck) were used to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of limiting maximum intensity to increase delivery efficiency. IMRT plans were generated using in-house protocol-based constraints and objectives for the brain and head/neck, and RTOG 9406 dose volume objectives in the prostate. Each case was optimized at a series of maximum intensity ratios (the product of the maximum intensity and the number of beams divided by the prescribed dose to the target volume), and evaluated in terms of clinical metrics, dose-volume histograms, monitor units (MU) required per fraction (SMLC and DMLC delivery), and intensity map variation (a measure of the beam modulation). In each site tested, it was possible to reduce total monitor units by constraining the maximum allowed intensity without compromising the clinical acceptability of the plan. Monitor unit reductions up to 38% were observed for SMLC delivery, while reductions up to 29% were achieved for DMLC delivery. In general, complicated geometries saw a smaller reduction in monitor units for both delivery types, although DMLC delivery required significantly more monitor units in all cases. Constraining the maximum intensity in an inverse IMRT plan is a simple way to improve delivery efficiency without compromising plan objectives.
Thymidylate synthase inhibitors. (1996)

Folate analogues that inhibit thymidylate synthase (TS) selectively were developed based on TS and folate molecular structures and properties. The structure-activity relationship, preclinical and clinical development, and issues of potential importance in the future success of these TS inhibitors are reviewed herein. Properties of these new compounds depend mainly on the use of the reduced folate carrier (RFC) proteins for cellular entry and on intracellular polyglutamation, which augments TS inhibitory function and cellular retention. CB3717 [Zeneca (formerly ICI Pharmaceuticals), Macclesfield, United Kingdom], the first selective TS inhibitor developed, demonstrated antineoplastic activity in Phase I trials, but its development was abandoned due to nephrotoxicity. ZD1694 (Tomudex; Zeneca), a water-soluble, nonnephrotoxic quinazoline, demonstrated activity in colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancer. Phase III trials of Tomudex in advanced colorectal cancer were completed recently. LY231514 (Eli Lilly Research Labs, Indianapolis, IN) uses the RFC and polyglutamation to exert its selective TS inhibitory action. Phase I trials of this compound have been completed. ZD9331 (Zeneca), currently in preclinical studies, was designed to obviate the use of the RFC for cellular entry. 1843U89 (Glaxo-Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC), currently in Phase I trial, does not require the RFC; polyglutamation of this potent TS inhibitor leads to its higher cellular retention without augmenting its TS inhibitory activity. Currently in clinical trials, AG337 (p.o. and i.v. forms) and AG331 (both by Agouron, La Jolla, CA) are lipophilic potent TS inhibitors with action independent of the RFC and polyglutamation. Multiple mechanisms through which cells may overcome TS inhibition have been described. Combining TS inhibitors with other agents that affect TS, interfere with TS gene and mRNA regulation, or inhibit salvage mechanisms of thymidylate depletion may potentially enable greater clinical utility of this class of compounds.
Effect of photoinitiator concentration on hygroscopic stability of UV cured precision replicated composite optics (2020)

Replicated composite optics is a promising technique to fabricate high-quality mirrors with reduced weight and processing time compared to conventional glass mirrors; however, the optical layer is organic and susceptible to environmentally-induced dimensional changes, specifically to moisture exposures. Generally, to enhance polymer stability, thermal curing is necessary to maximize the cure state. Because replications are bonded, thermal exposures generate residual stresses that degrade optical quality. In this paper, the cure state of a UV-cured epoxy with RT processing was varied by changing the photoinitiator (PI) concentration, and the replication stability was evaluated in different humidity environments by laser interferometry. Increasing the PI concentration transformed the epoxy microstructure from homogenous to a more phasic network, as evidenced by both DMA and AFM, resulting in significant changes to the Tg, modulus, and moisture absorption. When replications were exposed to moisture, they experienced initial swelling followed by stress relaxation to net-zero regardless of initial processing stress. Reduced PI concentrations exhibited higher moduli and shorter swelling periods, with dimensional changes as small as 35 nm and complete stress relaxation in days. TTS master curves describing stress relaxation behavior correlated well with the observed behavior in replicated mirror samples. Furthermore, it was shown that the relieved stress persisted through multiple humidity cycles between 100% to 0% RH. These results show that high-humidity conditioning treatments can be utilized to eliminate residual stress in as-fabricated replicated mirrors over just a few days, providing a viable manufacturing and processing route for highly precise and stable replicated composite mirrors.
스냅샷을 가지는 다중 레벨 공간 DBMS를 기반으로 하는 센서 미들웨어 구조 설계 (2006)

최근 들어, 사용자가 주변 환경 및 요구 정보의 변화를 의식하지 않고 작업 환경과 수행하는 일에 집중 하도록 배려하는 인간 중심 컴퓨팅 환경에 대한 연구 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 컴 퓨팅 환경에서 미들웨어는 사용자에게 FlFID 센서로부터 들어오는 대량의 정보에 대한 처리 부하를 줄 이기 위하여 분석이 끝난 스트림 데이터를 삭제한다 따라서 사용자의 데이터 웨어하우징이나 데이터 마이닝에 필요한 확률, 통계 정보에 대한 요청 또는 반복적이면서 동일한 데이터에 대한 요청을 처리 할 수없다는 문제점을 가진다 본 논문에서는 기존의 미들웨어에서 문제가 되었던 과거 스트림 데이터 재사용 문제를 해결하기 위해, 사용자가 빈번하게 요구하는 데이터들뜰 스냄삿을 가지는 다중 레벨 공간 DBMS에서 관리하는 센서 미들웨어 구조를 설계하였다 본 시스템은 사용자가 요구하는 데이터 마이닝이나 데이터 웨어하우징 과 같은 과거 스트림 정보를 사용한 서비스 요정을 위해 미들웨어에서 필터링된 과거 스트림 데이터 를 디스크 데이터베이스에서 관리한다 그리고 디스크 데이터베이스에 저장된 스트림 데이터 중에서 사용자에 대한 높은 재사용 빈도를 가AI는 데이터들을 스냄삿의 형태로 메모리 데이터베이스에 저장 하고 이를 관리한다. 또한, 본 시스템은 메모리 데이터베이스에 저장된 스냄삿 데이터의 높은 데이터 재사용성과 신속한 서비스를 유지하기 우해서 주기적인 메모리 데이터베이스 관리 정책을 수행한다. 본 논문은 기존의 미들웨어에서의 스트림 데이터에 대한 반복적인 요청, 또는 과거 스트림 데이터를 이용한 정책 결정 서비스 요청에 대한 서비스를 제공할 수 없는 문제들을 해결하였다. 그리고 메모리에 저장된 데이터에 대한 높은 데이터 재사용성을 유지함으로서 사용자에서 지속적으로 다양하고 신 속한 데이터 서비스를 제공한다.
Visible-light-accelerated oxygen vacancy migration in strontium titanate (2015)

Strontium titanate is a model transition metal oxide that exhibits versatile properties of special interest for both fundamental and applied researches. There is evidence that most of the attractive properties of SrTiO3 are closely associated with oxygen vacancies. Tuning the kinetics of oxygen vacancies is then highly desired. Here we reported on a dramatic tuning of the electro-migration of oxygen vacancies by visible light illumination. It is found that, through depressing activation energy for vacancy diffusion, light illumination remarkably accelerates oxygen vacancies even at room temperature. This effect provides a feasible approach towards the modulation of the anionic processes. The principle proved here can be extended to other perovskite oxides, finding a wide application in oxide electronics.
Architecturally efficient FFT pruning algorithm (2005)

Several fast Fourier transform (FFT) pruning algorithms have been proposed for applications where the entire spectrum of frequencies is not of relevance and even the inputs are sparse. However, these are architecturally inefficient because of the complexity of the overhead operations involved. Developed is a new generic pruning algorithm that uses only single bit combinational operations for delineating paths in the signal flow graph, as against butterflies, which are relevant for computation of the desired frequency coefficients. The entire delineation process has been divided into stages making the proposed algorithm also amenable for pipelined hardware implementation.
Metal Organic Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Silicate Film for High-<i>k</i>Gate Dielectrics (2004)

We investigated the use of atomic layer deposition to fabricate metal silicate film for high-k gate dielectrics. We used a metal organic precursor and alternate exposures of Ar plasma to achieve ion-assisted mixing of metal atoms into the substrate during each ALD cycle. The concentration of metal atoms was varied by changing the length of the cycles. The electrical characteristics of the silicate film were better than those of film fabricated using O2 plasma or H2O irradiation.
Cyclic 3′,5′-Adenosine Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase Produced by the Slime Mold <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (1968)

An enzyme that hydrolyzes cyclic ',5'-adenosine monophosphate to 5'-adenosine monophosphate was found in the culture medium of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoidum. The enzymatic activity shows a pH optimum of 7.5, and magnesium is required for maximum activity. The enzyme is not inhibited by caffeine. It has a Michaelis-Menten constant of 2 x 10(-3)M and its molecular weight is around 300,000.
Rpp14 and Rpp29, two protein subunits of human ribonuclease P (1999)

In HeLa cells, the tRNA processing enzyme ribonuclease P (RNase P) consists of an RNA molecule associated with at least eight protein subunits, hPop1, Rpp14, Rpp20, Rpp25, Rpp29, Rpp30, Rpp38, and Rpp40. Five of these proteins (hPop1p, Rpp20, Rpp30, Rpp38, and Rpp40) have been partially characterized. Here we report on the cDNA cloning and immunobiochemical analysis of Rpp14 and Rpp29. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against recombinant Rpp14 and Rpp29 recognize their corresponding antigens in HeLa cells and precipitate catalytically active RNase P. Rpp29 shows 23% identity with Pop4p, a subunit of yeast nuclear RNase P and the ribosomal RNA processing enzyme RNase MRP. Rpp14, by contrast, exhibits no significant homology to any known yeast gene. Thus, human RNase P differs in the details of its protein composition, and perhaps in the functions of some of these proteins, from the yeast enzyme.
Jawless Fish Have Form of Adaptive Immunity (2005)

It appears that evolutionarily distinct immune systems have exploited a similar genetic trick to battle microbes. New research on
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 reveals that the immune defenses of jawless fish such as lampreys generate as much diversity as the system used by organisms from sharks onward in evolution.
 (read more.)
A Stochastic Model for Simulating the Availability of Electric Vehicles for Services to the Power Grid (2010)

Since private passenger cars drive on average less than 2 hours per day, each electric vehicle could potentially provide capacities for grid services during more than 22 hours per day. The presented stochastic model, which bases on more than 167,000 data points from a mobility survey, simulates the driving behavior of private passenger cars. The article estimates the availability of electric vehicles for grid balancing services using the generated profiles from a stochastic model. Three basic ("zero-intelligence") charging strategies were applied.In conclusion, more than 90% of all vehicles are parked at any given point in time. Thereof, more than 25% are parked at home at any given time. Moreover, the simulation results show the urgent need for intelligent charging strategies in order to avoid additional peak loads during the evening hours and to make the service potential of electric vehicles available to the grid.
A (2011)

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Évaluation de la réponse biologique aux antiplaquettaires (2010)

Le developpement de tests automatises des fonctions plaquettaires et leur large diffusion permet un depistage de la reponse biologique a l’aspirine et au clopidogrel quasiment au lit du malade. Apres angioplastie coronaire, une inhibition insuffisante des fonctions plaquettaires est associee a un risque accru d’evenements cardiovasculaires au cours du suivi. Chez les patients identifies comme « mauvais-repondeurs », la majoration des doses de thienopyridines, l’utilisation de nouvelles molecules, leur combinaison, permet de restaurer une reponse plaquettaire satisfaisante et ouvre d’interessantes perspectives therapeutiques dans la reduction du risque thrombotique. Neanmoins, le benefice de ces nouvelles strategies et leur impact sur une majoration eventuelle du risque hemorragique reste largement a evaluer.
Does viral disease underlie ALS? (2001)

A viral etiology for ALS has long been hypothesized because of the selective vulnerability of motor neurons to certain viruses.1 In the 1960s and 70s, poliovirus was the darling of those proposing a viral etiology2 because of its relatively selective infection of motor neurons, the occasional reports of antecedent poliomyelitis in patients with ALS, and the frequent occurrence of chronic progressive weakness many years after acute poliomyelitis, now recognized as the post-polio syndrome (PPS).3 Most patients with PPS have only lower motor neuron disease, but a small percentage also have upper motor neuron signs and present with features suggestive of ALS.3,4⇓ Although prior attempts to isolate polioviruses and other enteroviruses from the CNS of patients with ALS have failed,5 newer technologies may prove valuable in helping to establish a possible viral etiology.6

In this issue of Neurology, seven cases of ALS syndromes accompanying HIV infection are reported.7,8⇓ The retroviruses, like HIV, are ideal candidates …
Lead, Calcium Uptake, and Related Genetic Variants in Association with Renal Cell Carcinoma Risk in a Cohort of Male Finnish Smokers (2012)

Increased risk of RCC is associated with lower serum calcium and higher whole blood lead in smokers. The clinical prognostic value of serum calcium and vitamin D in RCC should be further investigated.
Small peptide (P‐15) bone substitute efficacy in a rabbit cancellous bone model (2010)

P-15 is a synthetic 15-amino acid residue identical to the cell binding domain of type I collagen. P-15 can be adsorbed onto anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABM) and will enhance cell attachment and subsequent cell activation. Although ABM/P-15 has been studied as a bone graft substitute in the oral cavity, its use in orthopedic models has been limited. Thus, this study investigated the efficacy of ABM/P-15 treatment in a rabbit model of long bone cancellous healing. Defects were created in the distal femurs and proximal medial tibiae of rabbits and were filled with either ABMP/P-15 suspended in hydrogel, ABM alone suspended in hydrogel, hydrogel carrier alone, or no graft material. Rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, or 8 weeks postsurgery, and the femurs and tibiae were harvested. Histomorphometric analyses indicated that defects treated with ABM/P-15 had significantly larger areas of new bone formation than the other three treatments at 2 and 8 weeks postsurgery. ABM/P-15 treated defects also had significantly more bone growth than defects left empty or filled with ABM alone at 4 weeks postsurgery. Furthermore, histological examination did not reveal acute inflammatory infiltrate cells in any of the treatment conditions. These results are consistent with the findings of ABM/P-15 use in human oral-maxillofacial studies and in large animal spine fusion models.
논문 ; 축산물 가공 : 당 , GDL 및 향신료가 Pediococcus pentosaceus 에 의한 산생성에 미치는 영향 (1987)

The effect of spices, GDL (glucono delta lactone) and carbohydrates on acid production by a starter culture containing Pediococcus pentosaceus was studied in a liquid medium and in a sausage during fermentation at 35℃. The initial pH of sausage containing 1% GDL was 4.9 and it fell down rapidly. The pH of sausage containing 1% dextrose decreased slightly during fermentation and it fell down to 4.9 after 18 hrs. The fermentation period with dextrose was shorter than that with lactose. Some natural spices such as black pepper, nutmeg and coriander stimulated acid production but did not result in increase of microbial population. Petroleum ether-purified spices also stimulated acid production. Natural and purified clove, however, inhibited acid production and bacterial population. Fermented sausage with spice mixture or added 1×10^(-5)M Mn^(++) developed a smilar level of acidity.