gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein O-Glycosylation in Yeast (1995)

The PMT2 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified as FUN25, a transcribed open reading frame on the left arm of chromosome I (Ouellette, B. F. F., Clark, M. W. C., Keng, T., Storms, R. G., Zhong, W., Zeng, B., Fortin, N., Delaney, S., Barton, A., Kaback, D. B., and Bussey, H.(1993) Genome 36, 32-42). The product encoded by the PMT2 gene shows significant similarity with the dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose:protein O-D-mannosyltransferase, Pmt1p (EC 2.4.1.109), which is required for initiating the assembly of O-linked oligosaccharides in S. cerevisiae (Strahl-Bolsinger, S., Immervoll, T., Deutzmann, R., and Tanner, W.(1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 8164-8168). The PMT2 gene encodes a new protein O-D-mannosyltransferase. Yeast cells carrying a PMT2 disruption show a diminished in vitro and in vivo O-mannosylation activity and resemble mutants with a nonfunctional PMT1 gene. Strains bearing a pmt1 pmt2 double disruption show a severe growth defect but retain residual O-mannosylation activity indicating the presence of at least one more protein-O-mannosyltransferase. The PMT2 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified as FUN25, a transcribed open reading frame on the left arm of chromosome I (Ouellette, B. F. F., Clark, M. W. C., Keng, T., Storms, R. G., Zhong, W., Zeng, B., Fortin, N., Delaney, S., Barton, A., Kaback, D. B., and Bussey, H.(1993) Genome 36, 32-42). The product encoded by the PMT2 gene shows significant similarity with the dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose:protein O-D-mannosyltransferase, Pmt1p (EC 2.4.1.109), which is required for initiating the assembly of O-linked oligosaccharides in S. cerevisiae (Strahl-Bolsinger, S., Immervoll, T., Deutzmann, R., and Tanner, W.(1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 8164-8168). The PMT2 gene encodes a new protein O-D-mannosyltransferase. Yeast cells carrying a PMT2 disruption show a diminished in vitro and in vivo O-mannosylation activity and resemble mutants with a nonfunctional PMT1 gene. Strains bearing a pmt1 pmt2 double disruption show a severe growth defect but retain residual O-mannosylation activity indicating the presence of at least one more protein-O-mannosyltransferase.
Relative Roles of Genetic Background and Variation in PspA in the Ability of Antibodies to PspA To Protect against Capsular Type 3 and 4 Strains of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2003)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is able to elicit antibodies in mice and humans that can protect mice against fatal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. It has been observed that immunization with a single family 1 PspA can protect mice against infections with capsular type 3 or 6B strains expressing PspA family 1 or 2. However, several studies have shown that immunity to PspA is less efficacious against several capsular type 4 strains than against strains of capsular types 3, 6A, and 6B. To determine whether the greater difficulty in protecting against capsular type 4 strains resulted from differences in their PspAs or from differences in their genetic backgrounds, we performed protection experiments using four different challenge strains: a capsular type 3 strain expressing a family 1 PspA (WU2), a capsular type 4 strain expressing a family 2 PspA (TIGR4), and genetically engineered variants of WU2 and TIGR4 expressing each other's PspAs. Prior to infection, the mice were immunized with recombinant family 1 or family 2 PspA. The results revealed that much of the difficulty in protecting against capsular type 4 strains was eliminated when mice were immunized with a homologous PspA of the same PspA family. However, regardless of which PspA the strains expressed, those on the TIGR4 background were about twice as hard to protect against as WU2 strains expressing the same PspA based on the efficacy rates seen in our experiments. These results point out the importance of including more than one PspA in any PspA vaccines developed for human use.
Color image attribute and quality measurements (2014)

Color image quality measures have been used for many computer vision tasks. In practical applications, the no-reference (NR) measures are desirable because reference images are not always accessible. However, only limited success has been achieved. Most existing NR quality assessments require that the types of image distortion is known a-priori. In this paper, three NR color image attributes: colorfulness, sharpness and contrast are quantified by new metrics. Using these metrics, a new Color Quality Measure (CQM), which is based on the linear combination of these three color image attributes, is presented. We evaluated the performance of several state-of-the-art no-reference measures for comparison purposes. Experimental results demonstrate the CQM correlates well with evaluations obtained from human observers and it operates in real time. The results also show that the presented CQM outperforms previous works with respect to ranking image quality among images containing the same or different contents. Finally, the performance of CQM is independent of distortion types, which is demonstrated in the experimental results.
Reaktionskinetische Stadien über die Bromierung und Chlorierung aliphatischer Nitroverbindungen in halogenwasserstoffsaurer wässeriger Lösung (1929)

Article Reaktionskinetische Stadien über die Bromierung und Chlorierung aliphatischer Nitroverbindungen in halogenwasserstoffsaurer wässeriger Lösung was published on March 1, 1929 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 141A, issue 1).
A piezoelectrically-driven saturable-absorber mirror for Q-switching of a diode-pumped Nd<sup>3+</sup>:YVO<inf>4</inf> laser (2006)

A flexible saturable-absorber mirror was piezoelectrically vibrated for Q-switching of a laser-diode-pumped Nd <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> :YVO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> microchip laser. The double Q-switch led to increase of the peak pulse-power and of the repetitive-pulse stability in power and rate.
The Veloce Pulsed Power Generator for Isentropic Compression Experiments (2007)

Summary form only given. Veloce is a medium-voltage, high-current, compact pulsed power generator developed for cost effective isentropic and shock compression experiments at Sandia National Laboratories. It is based on a strip line design where no oil, water, and vacuum are used for insulation, thus making it easy to operate and maintain. The machine delivers up to 3 MA of current rapidly (~ 440-530 ns) into an inductive load where significant magnetic pressures are produced. The resulting magnetic pressure can be used either to drive ramp pressure waxes (peak pressures up to 12 GPa) into material samples or to launch a flyer plates to high velocities (1-4 km/s). Because of its lower cost per shot and greater availability, Veloce is well suited for studying isentropic compression experiments (ICE) in much greater detail than previously allowed in larger pulsed power machines. Several key issues in ICE, such as panel and sample preparation, uniformity of loading, and edge effects, have been examined extensively on Veloce. In addition, magnetic hydrodynamic simulations using the Alegra code have been performed to interpret the experimental results.
Production of a monoclonal antibody, DF‐5, that identifies cells at the epithelial–mesenchymal interface in normal human skin. APN/CD13 is an epithelial–mesenchymal marker in skin (2003)

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions play a critical role in skin development and differentiation, and similar interactions may also regulate the day-to-day proliferation and differentiation events of the epidermis that occur in normal adult skin. This study was directed at identifying molecules that are selectively located at the dermal-epidermal junction in normal adult skin as they may be involved in regulating these homeostatic events. To this end, monoclonal antibodies were raised against the crude cell membrane fraction of cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Screening of antibodies that recognized cell surface antigen on cultured human dermal fibroblasts was followed by determining which of these antibodies selectively localized cells at sites of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Antibody DF-5 fit these criteria and was further characterized. This antibody was found to recognize the cell surface ectopeptidase aminopeptidase N (APN), a molecule homologous to the cluster differentiation antigen CD13. Antibody DF-5 and anti-CD13 antibodies both identified cells at sites of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in fetal, neonatal, and adult human skin, and the APN/CD13 enzyme activity was also identified at these sites. A second ectopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) or CD26, presented a significantly different immunohistochemical and histochemical pattern in skin samples, confirming the specificity of the APN/CD13 studies. The function of APN/CD13 in skin has yet to be determined. Its invariant localization at sites of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions argues for a role particular to this region. It may play a role in regulating the activity of neuropeptides or other signaling peptides that are released in this region of skin or it may have an as yet undefined role in mediating communication between dermal and epidermal cells.
Making Large-Scale Information Resources Serve Communities of Practice (1995)

:Community memory can provide the crucial bridge between large-scale information bases like digital libraries and the day-to-day activities ofa community’s members. Just as a digital library is based on a general structure and conventional means of access to diverse collections of materials, a community memory will help cull and shape the structure and contents of this collection to meet more particular needs. But it is by no means straightforward for people to collect, maintain, share, and apply the materials that are part of a community memory. Useful and usable community memories require support for: (1) the acquisition and evolution of content and structure; (2) the identification of materials and community members relevant to a particular task; and (3) the maintenance of organizations that are mutually intelligible across the community. In this paper, we explore issues related to these three requirements based on a meta-analysis of our collective experiences with the development and use of shared hypermedia information resources.
Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Human NK Cell Diversity Revealed by Mass Cytometry (2013)

Natural killer (NK) cells play critical roles in immune defense and reproduction, yet remain the most poorly understood major lymphocyte population. Because their activation is controlled by a variety of combinatorially expressed activating and inhibitory receptors, NK cell diversity and function are closely linked. To provide an unprecedented understanding of NK cell repertoire diversity, we used mass cytometry to simultaneously analyze 37 parameters, including 28 NK cell receptors, on peripheral blood NK cells from 5 sets of monozygotic twins and 12 unrelated donors of defined human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotype. This analysis revealed a remarkable degree of NK cell diversity, with an estimated 6000 to 30,000 phenotypic populations within an individual and >100,000 phenotypes in the donor panel. Genetics largely determined inhibitory receptor expression, whereas activation receptor expression was heavily environmentally influenced. Therefore, NK cells may maintain self-tolerance through strictly regulated expression of inhibitory receptors while using adaptable expression patterns of activating and costimulatory receptors to respond to pathogens and tumors. These findings further suggest the possibility that discrete NK cell subpopulations could be harnessed for immunotherapeutic strategies in the settings of infection, reproduction, and transplantation.
Gasification of plastic waste as waste-to-energy or waste-to-syngas recovery route (2013)

The disposal of plastic solid waste (PSW) has become a major worldwide environmental problem. New sustainable processes have emerged, i.e. either advanced mechanical recycling of PSW as virgin or second grade plastic feedstock, or thermal treatments to recycle the waste as virgin monomer, as synthetic fuel gas, or as heat source (incineration with energy recovery). These processes avoid land filling, where the non-biodegradable plastics remain a lasting environmental burden. Within the thermal treatments, gasification and pyrolysis gain increased interest. Gasification has been widely studied and applied for biomass and coal, with results reported and published in literature. The application to the treatment of PSW is less documented. Gasification is commonly operated at high temperatures (> 600℃ to 800℃) in an air-lean environment (or oxygen-deficient in some applications): the air factor is generally between 20% and 40% of the amount of air needed for the combustion of the PSW. Gasification produces mostly a gas phase and a solid residue (char and ashes). The use of air introduces N2 in the product gases, thus considerably reducing the calorific value of the syngas, because of the dilution. The paper will review the existing literature data on PSW gasification, both as the result of laboratory and pilot-scale research. Processes developed in the past will be illustrated. Recently, the use of a sequential gasification and combustion system (at very high temperatures) has been applied to various plastic-containing wastes, with atmospheric emissions shown to be invariably below the legal limits. Operating results and conditions will be reviewed in the paper, and completed with recent own lab-scale experimental results. These results demonstrate that gasification of PSW can be considered as a first order reaction, with values of the activation energy in the order of 187 to 289 kJ/mol as a function of the PSW nature.
Multidimensional Signal Constellations for Voiceband Data Transmission (1984)

A significant improvement in noise immunity can be achieved for digital transmission over band-limited channels by the use of multidimensional signal constellations. Conventional 16-point QAM signaling, such as that used in many digital transmission systems, is a two-dimensional modulation scheme where in each signaling interval a group of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> bits is used to determine the amplitudes of the in-phase and quadrature dimension or coordinate, i.e., <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N/2</tex> bits are conveyed per dimension. In a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2M</tex> -dimensional QAM system, a group of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MN</tex> bits is used to determine the in-phase and quadrature ampllitudes for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> consecutive, symbol intervals where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N/2</tex> bits are still conveyed by each dimension. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the basic theory and implementation for a particular 2 bits/dimension four-dimensional (two-symbol interval) encoding which readily lends itself to simple encoding and decoding. For this encoding, theory predicts a 1.2 dB gain in noise margin over conventional 16-point (two-dimensional) QAM signaling. Experimental results agreed with the theoretical predictions, and have demonstrated an order of magnitude reduction in block error rate. Extension to eight-dimensional signaling offers a theoretical gain of 2.4 dB over conventional 16-point QAM.
THE NETHERLANDS Neth. 3 (1985)

Contract of employment ― trial period ― change from part-time to full-time employment HEADNOTES Facts As from 23 April 1978, Raithel had been employed by Engel as a taxi-driver on a part-time basis. On 26 February 1979 this employment was altered to a full-time job, subject to a new trial period of two months. On 24 April 1979 Engel terminated Raithel's employment. Raithel took the view that the dismissal was null and void, on the ground that Engel needed the consent of the Director of the GAB Labour Office for his dismissal, since it concerned a continuation
A Tem RF Test Cell For Consumer Products Emission and Suspectability Measurements (1979)

The transverse electromagnetic RF test cell provides a new means of measuring consumer eletronic products for both RFI susceptibility and RF radiation without interference from ambient RF energy. This test cell is an enlarged section of a 50 ohm coaxial transmission line with two spaces for samples under test. Each space has a volume of four cubic meters which is large enough for most consumer products. The sample in either space can be subjected to very strong RF field for RFI susceptibility measurements, or conversely, the RF radiation from the sample may be measured.
An Improved Method for Recording and Analyzing the Electrical Activity of the Human Stomach (1985)

We have simultaneously recorded the transcutaneous and gastric electrogastrogram in 26 humans. The gastric suction electrode had 3 sintered Ag/AgCl electrodes which minimized motion artifacts. These were cast into a silicone rubber cup. For the transcutaneous signals, we punctured the skin under sintered Ag/AgCl transcutaneous electrodes to minimize variations in skin potential. We located the gastric electrode by fluoroscopy in the antrum and located the transcutaneous electrode over it to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio. A gastric pressure balloon confirmed that large electrical waves were synchronous with gastric contractions. We successfully recorded the electrogastrogram in 23 of 26 normal subjects. A fast Fourier transform produced a similar power spectrum for transcutaneous and gastric recordings. The cross-correlation function between the transcutaneous recording and the gastric recording confirms that the signals are of the same origin. This noninvasive transcutaneous technique is very attractive to investigate patients with suspected gastric disturbances.
727. Bi(anthracene-9,10-dimethylene)(tetrabenzo-[2,2]-paracyclophane] (1961)

J. H. Golden, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 3741 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610003741
Soil Surface Water Depletion and Leaf Temperature<sup>1</sup> (1972)

Abstract This work explores the feasibility of the remote detection of water depletion in a cropped field. It proposes that this may be accomplished by detecting the increase in the visible and thermal radiant heat loads upon plant leaves when the underlying soil surface dries. A theoretical model was constructed, relating leaf temperature to soil surface temperature. Parallel experiments were done using a grey podzolic soil. It was found that in spite of an increase of 15% in reflectivity upon drying, there was an increase in soil surface temperature from 20 to 50 C. The increased shortwave and longwave radiant loads on leaf arrays in the experiments, resulted in leaf temperature increases of 2.5, .5, and 2 C in dry blotting paper, wet blotting paper, and leaves of the southern pea ( Vigna sinensis ), respectively. The leaf energy balance‐soil water depletion model predicted these increases, as well as the absolute temperatures, with an accuracy of 1 and 5% for the artificial and real leaves, respectively. The findings of this study affirm that a technology can be developed for the remote detection of soil water depletion in field crops, but that the temperature differences involved are both small and variable.
Bacterial colonization on internal surfaces of Brånemark system® implant components (1996)

The aim of the present study was to examine the microbiota on the internal surface of the components of 28 Brånemark implants in 10 partially edentulous patients who had been treated with 1 fixed partial prostheses each. The prostheses had been in function for 1 to 8 years. The fixed prostheses were checked for mobility and removed. The abutment screws were loosened and classified as stable, easily removed or loose. Then, bacterial samples were obtained from the various internal surfaces of the implant system. Estimation and identification of the most predominant species was performed on the blood agar plates. Identification was based on Gram reaction, oxygen sensitivity and biochemical tests. Internal surfaces of different components of the Brånemark implants, after varying periods of function in the oral cavity, consistently harboured a heterogeneous and primarily anaerobic microbiota. The individual samples showed a great variation. No relation could be seen between type and length of abutment, abutment stability, bone loss and type and number of microorganisms found in the samples. The flora consisted mainly of facultative and anaerobic streptococci, Gram-positive anaerobic rods such as Propionibacterium, Eubacterium and Actinomyces species and Gram-negative anaerobic rods including Fusobacterium, Prevotella and Porphyromonas species. There are reasons to suggest that this presence of bacteria is the result of (i) a contamination of the fixture and abutment components during the 1st and/or 2nd stage of implant installation and/or (ii) a transmission of microorganisms from the oral environment during function subsequent to bridge installation.
Synthesis of <i>N,N‘</i>-Orthogonally Protected (<i>S</i>)-Piperazine-2-carboxylic Acid (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis of N,N‘-Orthogonally Protected (S)-Piperazine-2-carboxylic AcidAlan M. Warshawsky, Meena V. Patel, and Teng-Man ChenView Author Information Hoechst Marion Roussel, 2110 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45215Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 18, 6439–6440Publication Date (Web):September 5, 1997Publication History Received7 May 1997Published online5 September 1997Published inissue 1 September 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/jo970823fCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views741Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (118 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chromatography,Lactones,Materials,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts