gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural S-equol decreases bone resorption in postmenopausal, non-equol-producing Japanese women (2011)

These findings suggest that 10 mg/day of natural S-equol supplementation contributes to bone health in non-equol-producing postmenopausal women without adverse effects.
Online Payments Using Handwritten Signature Verification (2009)

Making payments online is inherently insecure, especially those involving credit cards where a handwritten signature is normally required to be authenticated. This paper describes a system for enhancing the security of online payments using automated handwritten signature verification. Our system combines complementary statistical models to analyse both the static features of a signature (e.g., shape, slant, size), and its dynamic features (e.g., velocity, pen-tip pressure, timing) to form a judgment about the signer's identity. This approach's novelty lies in combining output from existing Neural Network and Hidden Markov Model based signature verification systems to improve the robustness of any specific approach used alone. The system can be used to authenticate signatures for online credit card payments using an existing model for remote authentication. The system performs reasonably well and achieves an overall error rate of 2.1% in the best case.
Sampling While Drilling: An Emerging Technology (2012)

Abstract Even though it is very early days in the realisation of sampling-while-drilling (SWD) as a service the picture regarding what might be achievable in practice is beginning to emerge. Previous experience, accumulated primarily in sampling water bearing formations drilled with water-based muds, has demonstrated that the sensors used to infer sample contamination and derive formation fluid properties are capable of withstanding the rigours of drilling without losing precision, that the information provided by these instruments can be used in real-time to control the sampling process and capture wireline-quality samples, even when employing mud-pulse telemetry, and that, once captured, sample integrity can be maintained until the samples are transferred at surface. Based on this experience operational guidelines have been formulated, in particular, regarding the most opportune time to sample during the drilling process. The first part of the paper describes SWD in a high-angle appraisal well drilled to assess the continuity and quality of several target sands and to establish the degree of continuity of these sands with the main field. The well was drilled using an oil-based mud. Samples would be acquired after the well had reached total-depth so that the most appropriate sampling points could be identified by means of open-hole logs. Multiple water, oil and gas bearing formations were identified. Sampling duties were split between the SWD tool and a drill-pipe-conveyed wireline sampling (WLS) tool in an attempt to rationalise the well's sampling programme. To enable a comparison of the relative performance of the two tools, two oil sampling stations were chosen where multiple samples would be acquired under similar operating conditions by both tools. Additionally, water samples were collected at two stations by the SWD tool and scanning was performed at one (wet) gas station to confirm the formation fluid type. Laboratory analysis of the oil samples at the common stations showed that the contaminations and fluid properties of the samples acquired by the two sampling tools were very similar. The second part describes results obtained in an appraisal well and sidetrack in a different field. Both pilot and sidetrack were high-angle wells drilled using oil-based muds. The purpose of these wells was to identify and evaluate the commercial potential of unproduced hydrocarbon bearing zones. Both wells were drilled to total-depth prior to conducting sampling operations and no wireline operations were planned in either well. Five oil samples were acquired in the pilot well in two zones and four oil samples and two water samples were recovered in the sidetrack. The results obtained during the sampling-while-drilling operations described suggest that it is possible to consistently acquire quality formation fluid samples during drilling operations, even under less than optimal sampling conditions and strict time-on-station constraints. The quality of the samples recovered is sufficient to perform reliable PVT analyses.
Novel one-step RTP Ti salicide process with low sheet resistance 0.06 μm gates and high drive current (2002)

A novel low temperature one-step RTP Ti salicide process combining low dose molybdenum (Mo) and pre-amorphization implants (PAI): "Mo+PAI", the first Ti salicide process to achieve low sheet resistance at ultrashort 0.06 /spl mu/m gate lengths (Ave=5.2 /spl Omega//sq, Max=5.7 /spl Omega//sq at 0.07 /spl mu/m; Ave=6.7 /spl Omega//sq, Max=8.1 /spl Omega//sq at 0.06 /spl mu/m, TiSi/sub 2/ thickness on S/D=38 nm), is presented and compared favorably to previous Ti or Co salicide processes. Successful implementation into a 1.5 V, 0.12 /spl mu/m gate length (t/sub ox//spl sim/3.1 nm) CMOS technology with excellent drive currents (723 and 312 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m at I/sub OFF/=1 nA//spl mu/m for nMOS and pMOS respectively) is demonstrated. No I/sub DRIVE/ degradation is present in this novel one-step RTP Mo+PAI process, in contrast with results for previous two-step RTP PAI (no Mo) processes. The one-step RTP Mo+PAI process also has the advantages over the Mo only process (no PAI) of achieving 1) low source/drain sheet resistance, which is not obtained without PAI even when Mo is implanted into the S/D regions, and 2) better thermal stability. We also report for the first time on the mechanism for low sheet resistance with Mo doping.
Genome-wide DNA polymorphism analyses using VariScan (2006)

VariScan is a powerful and flexible suite of software for the analysis of DNA polymorphisms. The current version implements new algorithms, methods, and capabilities, providing an important tool for an exhaustive exploratory analysis of genome-wide DNA polymorphism data.
A critique of snapshot isolation (2012)

The support for transactions is an essential part of a database management system (DBMS). Without this support, the developers are burdened with ensuring atomic execution of a transaction despite failures as well as concurrent accesses to the database by other transactions. Ideally, a transactional system provides serializability, which means that the outcome of concurrent transactions is equivalent to a serial execution of them. Based on experiences on lock-based implementations, nevertheless, serializability is known as an expensive feature that comes with high overhead and low concurrency. Commercial systems, hence, compromise serializability by implementing weaker guarantees such as snapshot isolation. The developers, therefore, are still burdened with the anomalies that could arise due to the lack of serializability.
Climate and vegetation in China (I). Changes in the altitudinal lapse rate of temperature and distribution of sea level temperature (1988)

Abstract Changes in the altitudinal lapse rate of temperature (ALRT) and temperature distribution at sea level were studied all over China, using temperature records from 671 meteorological stations during a statistical period from 1951 to 1980. ALRT varied regularly with distance from the eastern and south eastern coast (DC) with a minimum at about 600 km DC and a maximum at 1600–2000 km DC. The ALRT curve pattern was closely related to the mean altitude. The reliability of this trend was verified by calculating ALRT for each latitude group. Values of ALRT did not show any latitidinal trend within a distance group from the coast. An empirical equation was proposed for the relation between the DC and ALRT, and the ALRT for each meteorological station was estimated from the equation. The annual and monthly mean temperatures at sea level were calculated using the ALRT, and distribution maps were constructed. The isotherms ran almost parallel to latitude in January, and roughly parallel to the coastline in July. High temperatures at sea level were remarkable in the Qinghai‐Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Daxingan Ling and the area surrounding the Tien Shan Mountains.
Bidirectional LSTM-CRF for Named Entity Recognition. (2018)

conference paper
Identity-Based Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

A data aggregation scheme based on identity is proposed which utilizes the public-key cryptography to realize the negotiation of session keys. The solution uses small- sized seed matrix to generate a mass of public/private key pairs thus consumes little storage space. It realizes the identity authentication independent of the third party and has no use for infrastructure to sustain the key distribution centers. Security of the proposed solution is analyzed and some attacks that can be resisted are listed in this thesis.
Zero dispersion at small group velocities in photonic crystal waveguides (2004)

Modes of photonic crystal (PC) line-defect waveguides can have small group velocity away from the Brillouin zone edge. This property can be explained by the strong interaction of the modes with the bulk PC. An anticrossing of “index guided” and “gap guided” modes should be taken into account. To control dispersion, the anticrossing point can be shifted by the change of the PC waveguide parameters. An example of a waveguide is presented with vanishing second- and third-order dispersion.
An autoantibody directed against human thrombin anion-binding exosite in a patient with arterial thrombosis: effects on platelets, endothelial cells, and protein C activation (1994)

An autoantibody, developed by a patient with severe and recurrent arterial thrombosis, was characterized to be directed against the anion- binding exosite of thrombin, and inhibited all thrombin interactions requiring this secondary binding site without interfering with the catalytic site. The effect of the antibody was studied on thrombin interactions with platelets and endothelial cells from human umbilical veins (HUVEC). The autoantibody specifically and concentration- dependently inhibited alpha-thrombin-induced platelet activation and prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis from HUVEC. It had no effect when gamma- thrombin or the thrombin receptor activation peptide SFLLR were the inducers. The effect of the antibody on protein C activation has been studied. The antibody blocked the thrombin-thrombomodulin activation of protein C. The inhibition of the activation was maximal with a low concentration of thrombomodulin. The fact that the autoantibody inhibited concentration-dependent alpha-thrombin-induced platelet and endothelial cell functions emphasizes the crucial role of the anion- binding exosite of thrombin to activate its receptor. In regard to the pathology, the antibody inhibited two vascular processes implicated in thrombin-antithrombotic functions, PGI2 secretion, and protein C activation, which could be implicated in this arterial thrombotic disease.
Rationales of Current Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis (1983)

A scientific rationale for many of the therapies currently under trial in multiple sclerosis (MS) is provided by knowledge about the nature of the lesions and existing evidence (or reasonable inferences) concerning their pathogenesis. The MS lesion includes four important elements that lend themselves to therapeutic intervention: (1) inflammation, which involves vascular damage and edema, together with cellular infiltration that is primarily perivascular and mononuclear; (2) destruction of myelin and occasionally of other tissue components by infiltrating macrophages; (3) astrocytic proliferation and scarring after sufficient tissue damage; and (4) diminished conduction resulting from the edema, the demyelination, and the scar formation. Epidemiologic and genetic studies seem to have established firmly that MS occurs in persons with a genetic predisposition to the disease linked to genes both in the region of chromosome 6, which governs immune regulation, and in a region governing immunoglobulin formation, probably on chromosome 14. The disease is
Quality Assessment of Granule of Danshen Extract by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (2010)

Aim
To evaluate the quality of the granule of Danshen extract (GDE) by simultaneously determining the phenolic and tanshinone components with high performance liquid chromatography.
An off-chip IDDq current measurement unit for telecommunication ASICs (2002)

This paper describes the realisation, the operation and the test results of an off-chip IDDq current measurement unit, called OCIMU. The monitor is original in that, if was designed in response to a demand for a circuit that is dedicated to measure the IDDq of telecommunication ASICs. It can be incorporated into a standard ATE during normal engineering and production testing. The monitor is capable of performing at relative high speed (>10 kHz) accurate quiescent current measurements in the 1 /spl mu/A-1 mA range. The OCIMU circuit does not affect the Device Under Test supply voltage. It provides a stable power supply in the 3 to 7 volt range. Furthermore, the monitor is capable of driving high capacitive loads (>2/spl mu/F) without speed degradation and to deliver high transient switching currents (up to 10 A). The operation of the OCIMU circuit is based upon the use of the stabilised voltage drop (SVD) principle.
Comparison of segmental fracture healing in young and old rats that were treated with bone stimulators - biomed 2009. (2009)

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has been shown to have osteoinductive properties, and demonstrated accelerated rate of bone regeneration. However, prior studies using DBM in young rats have not been consistent with results witnessed in an older rat population. There were two aims of this study: (1) to compare segmental bone defect healing in old rats treated with DBM versus young rats treated with DBM over time, and (2) to compare the number of cell types present at the fracture site in young and old animals during fracture repair. DBM was delivered over time with an initial burst of substances and subsequent sustained release over time using the calcined tricalcium phosphate lysine (TCPL) capsules. In addition, the capsules contained antibiotics to prevent infection. The fracture sites were evaluated for evidence of fracture healing by radiographs and histomorphometric techniques after 4, 8, and 15 weeks. Animals treated with DBM had smaller fracture callus and mature bone present with similar number of osteoblast as control at 15 weeks; whereas animals treated with antibiotic alone had limited bone formation with time. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms leading to bone formation in the presence of growth promoting factors.
Distribution and inhibition of dihydrouracil dehydrogenase activities in human tissues using 5-fluorouracil as a substrate. (1986)

Dihydrouracil dehydrogenase activity, with 5-fluorouracil used as the substrate, was measured in human tissues and leukemic cells. The liver had the highest enzyme activity (mean, 705 nmoles/g tissue/hr) with minimal activity found in the kidneys, spleen, lung, colon, colon tumors, pancreas, breast tissue, breast tumors, bone marrow cells, and peripheral leukemic cells. Wide variations in the enzyme activities were noted in samples collected from different subjects. 5-diazouracil inhibits the enzyme activity with the concentration required for inhibiting 50% (IC50) of the liver enzyme being 3 microM. Other compounds, thymine, thymidine, 6-methoxydiazouracil, and cyclo-5-diazouridine were also tested for their effect on this enzyme. With the exception of cyclo-5-diazouridine, all others produced inhibitory effect. The inhibitory effect of 6-methoxydiazouracil is similar to that of diazouracil. Thymidine and thymine are less active with identical values for IC50 of 80 microM.
Pitfalls and Paradoxes: Coping With The Capabilities-Rigidities Dilemma In Whole Networks (1970)

Emergent interorganizational forms intent on long-term competitive performanceat the network level are affecting markets and gaining scholarly attention.Whole networks are an example of such organizations. Managerial paradoxes resultfrom these informal, non-hierarchical structures when they seek long-term competitiveadvantage. Applying paradox theory and research on ambidexterity, we concludethat, counter intuitively, formalized governance is necessary to sustain informalcompetitive entity success. Contrary to traditional network theory, social capitalmechanisms and trust are not solely adequate. We examine challenges facing wholenetworks and propose three governance strategies to address them: (1) formalizedgovernance with adequate authority; (2) centralized leadership with decentralizeddecision-making; and (3) provisions for managing membership composition. Wediscuss implications for practitioners and scholars and suggest research paths forvalidating and extending this theory.
836. Studies in the synthesis of cortisone. Part XVI. A new method of preparing 11-oxotigogenin (1956)

J. H. Chapman, J. Elks, G. H. Phillipps and L. J. Wyman, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 4344 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560004344
Weight‐HbA1c‐insulin‐glucose model for describing disease progression of type 2 diabetes (2015)

A previous semi-mechanistic model described changes in fasting serum insulin (FSI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) by modeling insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. It was later suggested that change in body weight could affect insulin sensitivity, which this study evaluated in a population model to describe the disease progression of T2DM. Nonlinear mixed effects modeling was performed on data from 181 obese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM managed with diet and exercise for 67 weeks. Baseline β-cell function and insulin sensitivity were 61% and 25% of normal, respectively. Management with diet and exercise (mean change in body weight = -4.1 kg) was associated with an increase of insulin sensitivity (30.1%) at the end of the study. Changes in insulin sensitivity were associated with a decrease of FPG (range, 7.8-7.3 mmol/L) and HbA1c (6.7-6.4%). Weight change as an effector on insulin sensitivity was successfully evaluated in a semi-mechanistic population model.
Long-term outcome of a pediatric-inspired regimen used for adults aged 18–50 years with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2014)

On the basis of the data suggesting that adolescents and young adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved outcomes when treated on pediatric protocols, we assessed the feasibility of treating adult patients aged 18–50 years with ALL with the DFCI Pediatric ALL Consortium regimen utilizing a 30-week course of pharmacokinetically dose-adjusted E. coli L-asparaginase during consolidation. Between 2002 and 2008, 92 eligible patients aged 18–50 years were enrolled at 13 participating centers. Seventy-eight patients (85%) achieved a complete remission (CR) after 1 month of intensive induction therapy. With a median follow-up of 4.5 years, the 4-year disease-free survival (DFS) for the patients achieving a CR was 69% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56–78%) and the 4-year overall survival (OS) for all eligible patients was 67% (95% CI 56–76%). The 4-year DFS for the 64 patients who achieved a CR and were Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph−) was 71% (95% CI 58–81%), and for all 74 Ph− patients the 4-year OS was 70% (95% CI 58–79%). We conclude that a pediatric-like treatment strategy for young adults with de novo ALL is feasible, associated with tolerable toxicity, and results in improved outcomes compared with historical regimens in young adult patients with ALL.
New Techniques in Deep Representation Learning (2016)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06
A Comparative In Situ HP‐FTIR Spectroscopic Study of Bi‐ and Monodentate Phosphite‐Modified Hydroformylation (2010)

Abstract The rhodium‐catalyzed phosphite‐modified hydroformylation of 3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐butene is comparatively studied for a bidentate and a monodentate phosphite using in situ high‐pressure (HP) FTIR spectroscopy and GC analysis. With the bidentate ligand at 70 °C, a pseudo‐first‐order reaction with respect to the olefin takes place, with the pentacoordinate hydrido complex being the only detectable intermediate during the reaction. In contrast, for the monodentate ligand, a zeroth‐ to pseudo‐first‐order shift is characteristic with the major intermediate for this system subsequently changing from the coordinatively saturated acyl complex to the respective hydrido complex already at low conversions. Application of the PCD (pure component decomposition) algorithm to the reaction spectra affords the concentration versus time profiles of these intermediates, providing proof that the reaction rate remains controlled by rhodium acyl hydrogenolysis even at medium to high olefin conversions when the corresponding hydrido complex is the major organometallic component. If the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 30 °C in neat olefin, results from both GC and HP‐FTIR verify an intermediate regime of saturation kinetics and also the presence of an acyl complex at low olefin conversions for the diphosphite. Initial turnover frequencies of 237 h −1 and 1040 h −1 are obtained for the mono‐ and the diphosphite, respectively, at 30 °C, which implies an intrinsically faster hydrogenolysis of the diphosphite‐derived acyl rhodium complex at this low temperature.
Freestanding microheaters in Si with high aspect ratio microstructures (2002)

Freestanding, high aspect ratio microstructures in Si were micromachined as thick microheaters. These microheaters, combined with adsorbents, can be used as preconcentrators in a micromachined gas chromatography system. Dry etching of Si using etch and passivation cycles has been developed to produce 240 μm thick Si microheaters with 3 μm wide wires, achieving a high aspect ratio of 80:1. This optimized dry etching technology results in high etch rates with vertical profiles for thick Si microheaters up to 535 μm. Microheaters with 40 μm wide wires, 110 μm gaps, 400 μm thick, and an area of 9 mm2 have been fabricated. With the heater on a 140 μm thick Si membrane, it takes 1320 mW to increase the temperature by 290 °C. The power consumption is reduced to 447 mW for the same temperature raise with a freestanding Si microheater. Heating response for freestanding Si microheaters with different thicknesses is also studied. These Si microheaters have fast response times and reach 75% of the final temperature in 5 s. Microheaters consisting of Si wires and posts show similar response time and heating uniformity. In addition, power consumption is reduced by thermal isolation of the microheaters. These thick, freestanding high aspect ratio Si microheaters can provide high power efficiency, large adsorbent capacity, and high mechanical strength.