gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synchronized microwave energy generation by harmonic filtering (1969)

The theoretical and practical aspects of generating synchronized microwave harmonic energy using a dc step source feeding a modified pulse forming network are presented. The results indicate that although the suggested technique introduces some degradation in the build-up time of the output wave packet, it remains economical for generating, at least, third-harmonic energy.
<title>Digital volume holographic data storage using phase-coded multiplexing</title> (1999)

Phase-coded multiplexing for volume holographic memories is a promising alternative to conventional addressing methods. We present a first realization of digital data storage by means of phase-coded multiplexing. The system concept, its implementation, and its performance is described. The potential of image processing is demonstrated experimentally. Data encryption of the stored data using an additional random phase key is discussed and experimental results are shown.
Capacitance wire-mesh sensor for fast measurement of phase fraction distributions (2007)

We introduce a new wire-mesh sensor based on capacitance (permittivity) measurements. The sensor can be used to measure transient phase fraction distributions in a flow cross-section, such as in a pipe or other vessel, and is able to discriminate fluids having different relative permittivity (dielectric constant) values in a multiphase flow. We designed and manufactured a prototype sensor which comprises two planes of 16 wires each. The wires are evenly distributed across the measuring cross-section, and measurement is performed at the wire crossings. Time resolution of the prototype sensor is 625 frames per second. Sensor and measuring electronics were evaluated showing good stability and accuracy in the capacitance measurement. The wire-mesh sensor was tested in a silicone oil/water two-phase bubbly flow.
Heuristic linearization of external characteristics of DC-DC converters using fuzzy control (2003)

The design of fuzzy logic controllers used to linearize the family of external characteristics of DC-DC converters that work in discontinuous-conduction mode is described in this paper. Simulation study with centered triangular, trapezoidal and Gaussian fuzzy sets justify the choice of triangular membership functions, except the limits of the universe of discourse where Gaussian membership functions suit better. Results demonstrate that fuzzy logic control is a good alternative for conventional control methods. Compared to other intelligent control techniques, the heuristic fuzzy logic algorithm is faster because for any given input data, it processes structured knowledge using only four valid rules from the whole rule base.
Yb(OTf)<sub>3</sub>‐Catalyzed Vinylogous Mannich Reaction of Trialkylsilyloxyfuran. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
<i>DICER1</i> Mutations in embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas from children with and without familial PPB‐tumor predisposition syndrome (2011)

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is the most common childhood sarcoma and is a component of the familial pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB)-predisposition syndrome. Using the PPB model, we hypothesized that DICER1 mutations would be found in familial and sporadic forms of ERMS. Blood samples from four children with familial PPB and ERMS, and 52 sporadic ERMS tumors were tested for DICER1 mutations. Germline DICER1 mutations were found in all four patients with familial PPB and 2 of 52 (3.8%) sporadic ERMS had somatic mutations. Our findings confirm the pathogenetic relationship between ERMS and PPB suggesting that ERMS may result from abnormal miRNA regulation.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Silicon Oxide Thin Films by Alternating Exposures to Si[sub 2]Cl[sub 6] and O[sub 3] (2008)

We report the process for the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of silicon dioxide thin films on a silicon wafer by alternating exposures to and . The deposition was governed by a self-limiting ALD reaction at , and the growth rate at was saturated at for exposures over . However, at or higher temperatures, the thermal decomposition of and the oxidation of Si by dominated the deposition, resulting in high growth rates and Si-rich films. The ALD films exhibited excellent electrical properties that were equivalent to those of low-pressure chemical vapor deposition films.
Programmable Optoelectronic Multiprocessors And Their Comparison With Symbolic Substitution For Digital Optical Computing (1989)

This paper introduces programmable arrays of optically inter-connected electronic processors and compares them with conventional symbolic substitution (SS) systems. The comparison is made on the basis of computational efficiency, speed, size, energy utilization, programmability, and fault tolerance. The small grain size and space-invariant connections of SS lead to poor computational efficiency, difficult programming, and difficult incorporation of fault tolerance. Reliance on optical gates as its fundamental building elements is shown to give poor energy utilization. Programmable optoelectronic multiprocessor (POEM) systems, on the other hand, provide the architectural flexibility for good computational efficiency, use an energy-efficient combination of technologies, and support traditional programming methodologies and fault tolerance. Although the inherent clock speed of POEM systems is slower than that of SS systems, for most problems they will provide greater computational throughput. This comparison does not take into account the recent addition of crossover interconnect and space-variant masks to the SS architecture.
Predictive Representations of State (2001)

We show that states of a dynamical system can be usefully repre-sented by multi-step, action-conditional predictions of future ob-servations. State representations that are grounded in data in this way may be easier to learn, generalize better, and be less depen-dent on accurate prior models than, for example, POMDP state representations. Building on prior work by Jaeger and by Rivest and Schapire, in this paper we compare and contrast a linear spe-cialization of the predictive approach with the state representa-tions used in POMDPs and in k-order Markov models. Ours is the rst specic formulation of the predictive idea that includes both stochasticity and actions (controls). We show that any system has a linear predictive state representation with number of predictions no greater than the number of states in its minimal POMDPmodel. In predicting or controlling a sequence of observations, the concepts of state and
Determination of the profile of atmospheric optical turbulence strength from SLODAR data (2006)

Slope Detection and Ranging (SLODAR) is a technique for the measurement of the vertical profile of atmospheric optical turbulence strength. Its main applications are astronomical site characterization and real-time optimization of imaging with adaptive optical correction. The turbulence profile is recovered from the cross-covariance of the slope of the optical phase aberration for a double star source, measured at the telescope with a wavefront sensor (WFS). Here, we determine the theoretical response of a SLODAR system based on a Shack–Hartmann WFS to a thin turbulent layer at a given altitude, and also as a function of the spatial power spectral index of the optical phase aberrations. Recovery of the turbulence profile via fitting of these theoretical response functions is explored. The limiting resolution in altitude of the instrument and the statistical uncertainty of the measured profiles are discussed. We examine the measurement of the total integrated turbulence strength (the seeing) from the WFS data and, by subtraction, the fractional contribution from all turbulence above the maximum altitude for direct sensing of the instrument. We take into account the effects of noise in the measurement of wavefront slopes from centroids and the form of the spatial structure function of the atmospheric optical aberrations.\n
Fibroblast‐mediated collagen gel contraction does not require fibronectin‐α<sub>5</sub>β<sub>1</sub> integrin interaction (1992)

Fibroblasts cultured within free-floating collagen gels can bind to and reorganize the surrounding collagen fibrils into a more dense and compact arrangement. Collagen gel contraction provides an in vitro model for studying fibroblast-collagen interactions important in wound healing, fibrosis, scar contraction, and connective tissue morphogenesis. We have assessed the role of fibronectin and its interaction with the alpha 5 beta 1 "high affinity" fibronectin-specific integrin receptor in collagen gel contraction. A variety of agents, which specifically inhibit fibronectin-alpha 5 beta 1 interactions, were tested for their abilities to inhibit fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. These included anti-alpha 5 beta 1 monoclonal antibodies, the synthetic peptide GRGDSP, the cell adhesive fragment of fibronectin, and an antibody against the cell adhesive region of fibronectin. None of these agents inhibited collagen gel contraction. Therefore, it is concluded that fibronectin-alpha 5 beta 1 interactions are not necessary for collagen gel contraction. However, collagen gel contraction is dependent on a member or members of the beta 1 subfamily of integrin matrix receptors. A polyclonal antiserum and a monoclonal antibody, both directed against the beta 1 subunit of integrin matrix receptors, inhibited the spreading of fibroblasts in the collagen gel and inhibited collagen gel contraction. This study demonstrates that fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction is independent of fibronectin-alpha 5 beta 1 interactions but dependent on an interaction of beta 1 integrin matrix receptors with collagen fibers.
Gold(I) complexes of unidentate and bidentate phosphorus-, arsenic-, antimony-, and sulphur-donor ligands (1979)

Complexes of gold(I) with a variety of unidentate and potentially chelating P-, As-, Sb-, and S-donor ligands have been characterised by analysis, 1H n.m.r., i.r., and u.v.–visible spectroscopy, and electrical conductivity. In the majority of cases, the gold atom is two co-ordinate, [AuX(L)] or [XAu(L′–L′)AuX](L = unidentate ligand, L′–L′= bidentate ligand, X = Cl, Br, or SCN), but a few examples of probable three-co-ordination have been found, [AuXL2] or [AuX(L′–L′)]. With bidentate ligands, inflexibility of the backbone seems to be the key factor in promoting chelation. The ease of formation of cationic complexes [AuL2]+ is shown to depend on the polarity of the solvent.
Electroceramics (2003)

Electroceramics, Materials, Properties, Applications, Second Edition provides a comprehensive treatment of the many aspects of ceramics and their electrical applications. The fundamentals of how electroceramics function are carefully introduced with their properties and applications also considered. Starting from elementary principles, the physical, chemical and mathematical background of the subject are discussed and wherever appropriate, a strong emphasis is placed on the relationship between microstructire and properties. The Second Edition has been fully revised and updated, building on the foundation of the earlier book to provide a concise text for all those working in the growing field of electroceramics. * fully revised and updated to include the latest technological changes and developments in the field * includes end of chapter problems and an extensive bibliography * an Invaluable text for all Materials Science students. * a useful reference for physicists, chemists and engineers involved in the area of electroceramics.
SARS-CoV-2 infection with pneumonia and encephalitis (2021)

The pandemic of severe acute respiratory virus (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by respiratory symptoms with serious consequences, mainly associated with pneumonia and extreme ARDS. There is a lack of data about specific neurological manifestations of covid-19 infections literature. Epidemiological trials in fewer than 30% of a population reported symptoms of headache and delirium (Helms et al., 2020). Covid-19's neurotropism is still debatable, uncertain and in the present case study patient with Covid-19 is identified. He suffered with extreme respiratory complications during hospitalization and eventually died.
Acid Suppressive Therapy Use on an Inpatient Internal Medicine Service (2006)

There is considerable excess usage of acid suppressants in both the inpatient and outpatient settings.
Proteolytic Activation Transforms Heparin Cofactor II into a Host Defense Molecule (2013)

The abundant serine proteinase inhibitor heparin cofactor II (HCII) has been proposed to inhibit extravascular thrombin. However, the exact physiological role of this plasma protein remains enigmatic. In this study, we demonstrate a previously unknown role for HCII in host defense. Proteolytic cleavage of the molecule induced a conformational change, thereby inducing endotoxin-binding and antimicrobial properties. Analyses employing representative peptide epitopes mapped these effects to helices A and D. Mice deficient in HCII showed increased susceptibility to invasive infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, along with a significantly increased cytokine response. Correspondingly, decreased levels of HCII were observed in wild-type animals challenged with bacteria or endotoxin. In humans, proteolytically cleaved HCII forms were detected during wounding and in association with bacteria. Thus, the protease-induced uncovering of cryptic epitopes in HCII, which transforms the molecule into a host defense factor, represents a previously unknown regulatory mechanism in HCII biology and innate immunity.
Urinary tract infection: self-reported incidence and associated costs. (2000)

Abstract PURPOSE: To estimate the annual incidence, cumulative probability of presumed urinary tract infection (UTI) by age, and the social costs. METHODS: Analysis of a random digit dialing survey of 2000 women in the United States. RESULTS: 10.8 percent (95% CI: 9.4, 12.1%) of women aged 18 and older reported at least one presumed UTI during the past 12 months, with the majority of the cases occurring among women with a history of two or more UTI episodes in their life. We estimate that by age 24, one-third of women will have at least one physician-diagnosed UTI that was treated with prescription medication. Overall, an estimated 11.3 million women in the United States had at least one presumed UTI treated with antibiotics in 1995. We estimate the annual cost of UTI cases with prescriptions to be $1.6 billion in 1995. If the costs occurring after 1995 are discounted at 5% annually, the total cost over 20 years has a present value of $25.5 billion. CONCLUSION: If a vaccine were developed that would prevent either initial or recurrent UTI the net benefits to society would be substantial, even at a developmental cost of one billion dollars.
Doping Diamond for Electronic Applications (1998)

Abstract Diamond exhibits extraordinary physical and chemical properties, many of which have already found application in tribology, thermal management, and optics. Furthermore, diamond is also a wide‐band‐gap semiconductor which, when doped, can lead to the realization of electronic and optoelectronic devices with exceptional properties. Diamond can now be doped p‐type, with boron, both during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond film growth and by ion‐implantation, and n‐type, with phosphorus, during CVD growth. This paper reviews the current status of diamond doping and describes the electronic properties of the doped layers. Some potential applications of doped semiconducting diamond are described.
An Open-Source Benchmark Suite for Microservices and Their Hardware-Software Implications for Cloud & Edge Systems (2019)

Cloud services have recently started undergoing a major shift from monolithic applications, to graphs of hundreds or thousands of loosely-coupled microservices. Microservices fundamentally change a lot of assumptions current cloud systems are designed with, and present both opportunities and challenges when optimizing for quality of service (QoS) and cloud utilization.
Restricted expression of FcγRIII (CD16) in synovium and dermis: implications for tissue targeting in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1997)

Interactions between immune complexes and immunoglobulin Fc receptors may contribute to inflammation in RA. Previous studies suggested that Fc gammaRIII (CD16) may be preferentially expressed in diseased synovial intima. The distribution of immunoreactive Fc gammaRIII was examined in normal fetal limb tissues, and both normal and selected abnormal samples of adult synovium and skin. In fetal limbs at 10-14 weeks gestation Fc gammaRIII was restricted to synovial intima. In normal adult synovium Fc gammaRIII was restricted to intimal cells. In inflamed synovia differential expression of Fc gammaRIII in the intima was less consistent. In both fetal and adult synovium Fc gammaRIII was largely restricted to cells expressing CD45 (leucocyte common antigen). Staining for Fc gammaRIII was, however, occasionally associated with CD45 intimal cells in fetal synovium. In both fetal and adult tissues cell membrane Fc gammaRIII was frequently closely associated with complement decay-accelerating factor (DAF), which is present on intimal fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. Fc gammaRIII expression was minimal in normal forearm dermis, but widespread on CD45+ cells in skin exposed to mechanical stress. In skin containing rheumatoid nodules, Fc-gammaRIII was preferentially expressed on palisading macrophages. These observations indicate that expression of Fc gammaRIII on macrophages may be involved in the susceptibility of connective tissues to immune complex-induced damage in RA. Colocalization of Fc gammaRIII and DAF in synovium may indicate an unrecognized functional interrelationship.
Combination efficacy with MetMAb and erlotinib in a NSCLC tumor model highlight therapeutic opportunities for c-Met inhibitors in combination with EGFR inhibitors (2008)

1336 Crosstalk between EGFR and c-Met has been implicated in a number of biological systems. In tumors, interactions between these two pathways may affect tumor cell growth, survival, and response to treatment. Accordingly, MET gene amplification has been shown to be a mechanism of resistance to EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our data indicate that combining c-Met and EGFR antagonists may be an effective treatment for NSCLC beyond instances of acquired resistance. First, EGFR and c-Met show a significant overlap of expression in primary NSCLC specimens and cell lines. Second, EGFR and c-Met can co-associate and their activation in several tumor cell lines appears to be linked. In NSCLC lines lacking EGFR mutation or constitutive activity, HGF stimulation can induce activation of EGFR. Inhibition of c-Met in cell lines with elevated levels of c-Met protein decreases basal phosphorylation of EGFR. Conversely, in lines overexpressing or harboring mutations in EGFR, high EGFR activity can drive c-Met phosphorylation and pathway activation. Inhibition of EGFR in these lines results in rapid de-phosphorylation of c-Met and other downstream mediators, including trans-activation of ErbB3 resulting in PI-3K and Akt activity. Third, modulation of c-Met activity can inversely affect response to erlotinib in HGF-responsive cells. More specifically, c-Met activation protects cells from erlotinib-induced apoptosis, and c-Met inhibition can restore erlotinib responsiveness. Fourth, combinations of c-Met and EGFR inhibitors in xenograft tumor models show enhanced tumor growth inhibition beyond that observed with either agent alone. An example of this is the NCI-H596 NSCLC xenograft tumor model that shows robust enhancement of growth in human HGF-Tg-SCID mice, indicating that this tumor model is strongly HGF-driven. Despite robust inhibition of other HGF-driven tumor models in HGF-Tg-SCID mice by the monovalent anti-c-Met antibody, MetMAb, treatment of HGF-Tg-SCID mice harboring established NCI-H596 tumors with MetMAb resulted in ~65% tumor inhibition, indicating that blockade of HGF by MetMAb is not sufficient for full tumor inhibition in established tumors. Treatment of NCI-H596 xenograft tumors with erlotinib alone had minimal effects. However, combination of MetMAb plus erlotinib very potently inhibited tumor growth ~90%, indicating that EGFR plays a major role in tumor survival and growth in the face of potent c-Met inhibition in this model. Taken together these data indicate that simultaneous targeting c-Met and EGFR may have a great impact on NSCLC tumors, where co-activation of these receptor pathways is frequently observed.
<title>Remote Raman spectroscopy using diode lasers and fiber-optic probes</title> (1991)

The authors explore analytical applications of remote Raman spectroscopy using fiber optics. In these applications, emphasis is placed on the use of portable near-infrared excitation sources, including diode and diode-pumped lasers, for the purpose of developing a truly portable instrument. This paper addresses the instrumentation that is being developed for this purpose, including the portable Raman spectrometer and some fiber-optic probe designs.
Overview: Medications Development for the Treatment of Drug Abuse (1995)

Drug abuse is of great public concern, and effective treatment strategies for opiate and cocaine dependence are urgently needed for the general addict population as well as for pregnant women and their infants. NIDA's effort to develop new pharmacotherapies as an adjunct to the treatment of opiate addiction has already led to the approval of LAAM and an NDA development program for buprenorphine. The momentum achieved by the new Medications Development Program's success with opiate addiction treatment must now be applied to the development of new treatments for cocaine addiction. With recent advances in neuroscience, imaging techniques, and pharmaceutical technology, the development of medications for significantly improving drug abuse treatment in a variety of directions holds real promise.
The Protective Level of Serum Antibodies to the Capsular Polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae Type b (1983)

The Protective Level of Serum Antibodies to the Capsular Polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Get access Relena Käyhty, Relena Käyhty National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Heikki Peltola, Heikki Peltola National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Viena Karanko, Viena Karanko National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Helena Mäkelä P. Helena Mäkelä National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 147, Issue 6, June 1983, Page 1100, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/147.6.1100 Published: 01 June 1983
Longitudinal follow-up study of the retrobulbar and intrarenal hemodynamics in patients with T2DM (2019)

RIs of retrobulbar and interlobular renal which would serve as a good predictors for the hemodynamics changes in retrobulbar and intrarenal would assess incidence of DKD and DR during the preclinical stage in long-term range excluding renal function and HbA1c in T2DM patients.