gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physics and proof theory (2011)

Axiomatization of Physics (and science in general) has many drawbacks that are correctly criticized by opposing philosophical views of science. This paper shows that, by giving formal proofs a more prominent role in the formalization, many of the drawbacks can be solved and many of the opposing views are naturally conciliated. Moreover, this approach allows, by means of proof theory, to open new conceptual bridges between the disciplines of Physics and Computer Science.
Protein Kinase Cζ Attenuates Hypoxia-induced Proliferation of Fibroblasts by Regulating MAP Kinase Phosphatase-1 Expression (2006)

We have previously found that hypoxia stimulates proliferation of vascular fibroblasts through Galphai-mediated activation of ERK1/2. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia also activates the atypical protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) isozyme and stimulates the expression of ERK1/2-specific phosphatase, MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), which attenuates ERK1/2-mediated proliferative signals. Replication repressor activity is unique to PKCzeta because the blockade of classical and novel PKC isozymes does not affect fibroblast proliferation. PKCzeta is phosphorylated upon prolonged (24 h) exposure to hypoxia, whereas ERK1/2, the downstream kinases, are maximally activated in fibroblasts exposed to acute (10 min) hypoxia. However, PKCzeta blockade results in persistent ERK1/2 phosphorylation and marked increase in hypoxia-induced replication. Similarly prolonged ERK1/2 phosphorylation and increase in hypoxia-stimulated proliferation are also observed upon blockade of MKP-1 activation. Because of the parallel suppressive actions of PKCzeta and MKP-1 on ERK1/2 phosphorylation and proliferation, the role of PKCzeta in the regulation of MKP-1 expression was evaluated. PKCzeta attenuation reduces MKP-1 expression, whereas PKCzeta overexpression increases MKP-1 levels. In conclusion, our results indicate for the first time that hypoxia activates PKCzeta, which acts as a terminator of ERK1/2 activation through the regulation of downstream target, MKP-1 expression and thus serves to limit hypoxia-induced proliferation of fibroblasts.
Nonatomic solvent‐driven voronoi tessellation of proteins: An open tool to analyze protein folds (2002)

A three-dimensional Voronoi tessellation of folded proteins is used to analyze geometrical and topological properties of a set of proteins. To each amino acid is associated a central point surrounded by a Voronoi cell. Voronoi cells describe the packing of the amino acids. Special attention is given to reproduction of the protein surface. Once the Voronoi cells are built, a lot of tools from geometrical analysis can be applied to investigate the protein structure; volume of cells, number of faces per cell, and number of sides per face are the usual signatures of the protein structure. A distinct difference between faces related to primary, secondary, and tertiary structures has been observed. Faces threaded by the main-chain have on average more than six edges, whereas those related to helical packing of the amino acid chain have less than five edges. The faces on the protein surface have on average five edges within 1% error. The average number of faces on the protein surface for a given type of amino acid brings a new point of view in the characterization of the exposition to the solvent and the classification of amino acid as hydrophilic or hydrophobic. It may be a convenient tool for model validation.
Lower Defect Photomasks Using Focused Ion Beam (Fib) Repair (1987)

The characteristics of a photomask repaired with a focused ion beam (FIB) are described. The edge-placement accuracy of the repair is +0.1 um, while the edge roughness is almost negligible for both clear and opaque repairs. Less than 3% of the repair sites are captured on an automatic photomask inspection system. Correlation between linewidth measurements on the photomask and wafers printed on a projection aligner show that variations of the line-edge are well within the +0.1 um placement accuracy of the FIB repair system. This means that truly zero-defect plates are possible with repair CD's the same as the lithography CD's.
Glass-Like Carbon Spheres — Activation, Porosity and Application Possibilities (2008)

A brief review on spherical carbons, including fullerenes and related spherical particles, is first provided, followed by a review of the results on air activation, porosity and applications focused on glass-like carbon spheres derived from phenolic resin spheres. Kinetic studies of the oxidation in air provide a fundamental understanding of activation process of glass-like carbon spheres. On the basis of the results, a new activation procedure, viz. two-step activation, is proposed, which provides ca. 10% higher oxidation yield in obtaining a comparative pore structure. Some possibilities for applications of these glass-like carbon spheres are also described, such as the adsorption/desorption of CO 2 gas and chlorinated methanes, the adsorption of organic molecules from their aqueous solutions, and the provision of electrodes for electric double layer capacitors and lithium ion rechargeable batteries.
Long-Term Efficacy of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes 8 and 9 in Hemophilia A Dogs and Mice (2006)

We reported total correction of blood coagulation plasma factor VIII (FVIII) activity, using adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) vectors for liver-specific gene transfer in hemophilia A mice. We now show, irrespective of immunosuppression or route of administration, total long-term correction of hemophilia A mice with pseudotyped AAV8 and AAV9 vectors. We delivered two FVIII vectors, one expressing canine heavy chain and the other expressing canine light chain. Interestingly, when these vectors were given by hepatic portal vein to hemophilia A dogs, only modest FVIII levels were seen despite the species-specific transgene. No dogs treated developed FVIII inhibitors. However, of three dogs treated with AAV8 vector, the single male, given 1.25 x 10(13) genome copies per vector per kilogram (GC/vector/kg), maintained a level of >4.5% for more than 2 years. In contrast, the two female dogs expressed only 2% FVIII activity despite receiving higher doses of 1.52 x 10(13) and 3 x 10(13) GC/vector/kg, respectively. On the other hand, a male dog treated with AAV9 vector at a low dose (6 x 10(12) GC/vector/kg) maintained FVIII levels of 2-2.5% of normal without bleeding for 200 days (observation ongoing). Although hemophilia A mice were not predictive of vector efficacy in dogs, the two treated male dogs became symptom-free for long periods. Even so, translation of these robust vectors either in appropriate large animals or human beings remains challenging.
Measuring Round Trip Time and File Download Time of FTP Servers (2012)

Today, Internet is a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide. It has made the world a global village. It uses a layered model such as TCP/IP. Data can transfer easily using ordinary file transfer method such as HTTP and emails protocols. When to transfer or download the large set of data like big collection of file via inexpensive IP networks then throughput collapses. New TCP stacks and new network devices are market to help .but fail to fully utilize many wide area network paths. Consequently, conventional FTP, and even new acceleration solutions, cannot provide the speed and predictability needed for global file transfers. There are some problems which may affect the download time.  It  may  include  the hardware/software  configurations,  location  of machines,  bandwidth,  delay, congestion, size  of  the files and other type of configurations problems. The response time of the FTP server and Round Trip Time (RTT) plays an important role in download time of a file. In this paper, we investigate the possible relationship between the Round Trip Time and the software download time for the FTP servers. It also shows the factors that could have an impact on the FTP server response time. In our experiment, we assume the existing infrastructure of the Internet with its current technologies and protocols. So we concluded that if the RTT is less, the download time will be less. We presented the Karn’s algorithm to improve the accuracy of RTT measurement. Keywords: File transport protocol, Round trip time, Karn’s algorithm, DNS response time, TCP/IP
Adaptive Scheduling in Ad Hoc and Cellular Wireless Networks (2013)

Next generation 4G LTE-Enhanced wireless cellular networks are designed to provide broadband high speed transport services to mobile users. Due to the scarcity of spectral resources that can be employed, it is essential for the networks to engage in multi-dimensional adaptations in the dynamic assignment of wireless access resources. The robustness of wireless cellular networks is also of importance, since failures or degradations of network elements inevitably lead to major network service disruptions. Thus, efficient failover mechanisms are required to handle this scenario. This dissertation introduces efficient adaptive scheduling algorithms for multicast and unicast downlink transmission operations in cellular wireless networks. Under multicast operations, the newly developed adaptive power scheduling algorithms enable base stations to coordinate, on a spatial-TDMA basis, the transmission of multicast packets to identified mobile users. This joint scheduling and power control problem is shown to be representable as a mixed-integer linear programming model, which is NP-hard. Consequently, heuristic algorithms of polynomial complexity are developed for solving the problem in a practical manner. These algorithms are shown to yield excellent throughput rate performance behavior, and to lower communications energy consumption levels. Under unicast networking operations, we introduce dynamic scheduling algorithms that allow busy base stations to make use of resources that remain under-utilized by lightly loaded neighboring base stations. Such a dynamically employed resource sharing mechanism is shown to provide significant enhancement to the system throughput capacity. Furthermore, the algorithms exhibit efficient performance behavior under failover scenarios.We also study multicast networking in wireless ad hoc networks. We consider an energy-aware mobile backbone network architecture under which certain nodes are dynamically elected to act as backbone nodes. Each backbone node manages the wireless access network that it controls, providing for the transport of messages from/to mobile clients and the Bnet. We introduce the concept of performing multicast packet distributions among the mobile ad hoc wireless network nodes using a hybrid multicast protocol. We show that the hierarchical Bnet based hybrid multicast architecture leads to efficient system performance behavior under different operational scenarios examined.
Design and implementation of a large-scale context fusion network (2004)

We motivate a context fusion network (CFN), an infrastructure model that allows context-aware applications to select distributed data sources and compose them with customized data-fusion operators into a directed acyclic information fusion graph. Such a graph represents how an application computes high-level understandings of its execution context from low-level sensory data. Multiple graphs by different applications interconnect with each other to form a global graph. A key advantage of a CFN is reusability, both at code-level and instance-level, facilitated by operator composition. We designed and implemented a distributed CFN system, Solar, which maps the logical operator graph representation onto a set of overlay hosts. In particular, Solar meets the challenges inherent to heterogeneous and volatile ubicomp environments. By abstracting most complexities into the infrastructure, Solar facilitates both the development and deployment of context-aware applications. We present the operator composition model, basic services of the Solar overlay network, and programming support for the developers. We also discuss some applications built with Solar and the lessons we learned from our experience.
Mouse Leukemia: Therapy with Monoclonal Antibodies Against a Thymus Differentiation Antigen (1980)

Monoclonal antibodies against a thymus cell differentiation antigen (Thy-1.1) were effective in the therapy of a transplanted mouse leukemia. Passive immunization resulted in high titers of cytotoxic antibody in the serum of treated mice and the suppression of metastatic tumor cells. The tumor-suppressive effects of the monoclonal antibodies were amplified by the administration of exogenous complement. This combined antibody and complement therapy resulted in the cure of leukemia in a significant proportion of the treated animals.
Familial aggregation of blood pressure in 558 adopted children. (1976)

Blood pressure was measured in each member of 398 French-Canadian families with at least one adopted child of the same ethnic origin. Measurements were made at home by a nurse, usually with the subject seated. One comparison per family between parents and randomly chosen index children was made, using age- and sex-adjusted scores. The correlation in blood pressure scores between parents and natural children was highly significant (P less than 0.001), at 10.2% for systolic and 13.7% for diastolic in 140 homes with at least one natural child, but the correlation between parents and adopted children was nonsignificant, at 0.81% and 1.0%, in 398 homes with at least one adopted child. The correlation between pairs of natural children was significant (P less than 0.05), at 7.84% for systolic and 8.41% for diastolic, in 80 homes with more than one natural child but nonsignificant, at 0.49% and 1.69%, respectively, for pairs of adopted children in 138 families with more than one adopted child. It is concluded that heredity explains most of the familial resemblance of blood pressure in children.
Simulation Guided Hair Dynamics Modeling from Video (2012)

Abstract In this paper we present a hybrid approach to reconstruct hair dynamics from multi‐view video sequences, captured under uncontrolled lighting conditions. The key of this method is a refinement approach that combines image‐based reconstruction techniques with physically based hair simulation. Given an initially reconstructed sequence of hair fiber models, we develop a hair dynamics refinement system using particle‐based simulation and incompressible fluid simulation. The system allows us to improve reconstructed hair fiber motions and complete missing fibers caused by occlusion or tracking failure. The refined space‐time hair dynamics are consistent with video inputs and can be also used to generate novel hair animations of different hair styles. We validate this method through various real hair examples.
女性、教育、およびエンパワーメント : スリランカ女性の経験 (2014)

Failure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical event in the development and progression of diseases such as acute ischemic stroke, chronic ischemia or small vessels disease that affect the central nervous system. It is not known whether BBB breakdown in subjects with chronic carotid artery stenosis can be restrained with postoperative recovery of cerebral perfusion. The aim of the study was to assess the short-term effect of internal carotid artery stenting on basic perfusion parameters and permeability surface area-product (PS) in such a population. Forty subjects (23 males) with stenosis of >70% within a single internal carotid artery and neurological symptoms who underwent a carotid artery stenting procedure were investigated. Differences in the following computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameters were compared before and after surgery: global cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP) and PS. PS acquired by CTP is used to measure the permeability of the BBB to contrast material. In all baseline cases, the CBF and CBV values were low, while MTT and TTP were high on both the ipsi- and contralateral sides compared to reference values. PS was approximately twice the normal value. CBF was higher (+6.14%), while MTT was lower (-9.34%) on the contralateral than on the ipsilateral side. All perfusion parameters improved after stenting on both the ipsilateral (CBF +22.66%; CBV +18.98%; MTT -16.09%, TTP -7.62%) and contralateral (CBF +22.27%, CBV +19.72%, MTT -14.65%, TTP -7.46%) sides. PS decreased by almost half: ipsilateral -48.11%, contralateral -45.19%. The decline in BBB permeability was symmetrical on the ipsi- and contralateral sides to the stenosis. Augmented BBB permeability can be controlled by surgical intervention in humans.
DRASTIC IMPROVEMENT OF THE RESOLUTION OF AEROSOL SIZE SPECTROMETERS VIA AERODYNAMIC FOCUSING: THE CASE OF VARIABLE-PRESSURE IMPACTORS* (1996)

Due to their finite inertia, particles carried in a gas follow trajectories that differ from fluid streamlines. They may thus be size-segregrated, though only with the modest resolving power allowed by the dependence of their trajectories on the fluid streamline Ψin which they are initially seeded. This limitation is greatly reduced in the present work via aerodynamic focusing, a phenomenon discovered by Israel and Friedlander and briefly reviewed here. McM urry and his colleagues have recently shown that passage through a succession of coaxial converging nozzles brings virtually into the axis of symmetry (Ψ= 0) all particles within a relatively wide size range. Considerable gains in instrument resolution may thus be achieved by inserting a series of focusing nozzles right upstream of an aerosol size spectrometer. This general principle is demonstrated here for the case of variable-pressure impactors, which are ideally suited for coupling to the focusing lenses. The resolution improvements found are impressive, particularly in the viscous and compressible regimes.
A comparison of reception schemes for interference suppression in MIMO-OSTBCs system (2009)

Current Alamouti's reception scheme for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication systems may fail to work when strong interferences exist in the MIMO channel. This paper analyzes and compares three reception schemes for MIMO systems using orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) suffered directional interferences. These schemes include conventional maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) scheme, simplified MLD scheme, and digital beam-forming (DBF) reception scheme based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. The analysis shows that both simplified MLD scheme and conventional MLD scheme have the same SER performance. MMSE-DBF reception scheme can also achieve the ML boundary when the constant modulus signals are adopted at the transmitter. Simulation results are given to verify our theoretical analysis.
Evaluation of 1-octen-3-ol, carbon dioxide, and light as attractants for mosquitoes associated with two distinct habitats in North Carolina. (2001)

Field studies were conducted in North Carolina to determine the responses of mosquitoes found in salt marsh and inland creek flood plain areas to 1-octen-3-ol (octenol), carbon dioxide (CO2), and light in various combinations with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps. Over 56,000 adult mosquito specimens of 12 species in 4 genera were collected in the salt marsh. They exhibited a general response pattern of octenol + CO2 + light > CO2 + light = octenol + CO2 > octenol + light > octenol alone. Significantly, more Aedes sollicitans, Ae. taeniorhynchus, Anopheles bradleyi, and Culex salinarius were attracted to octenol + CO2 + light than to CO2 + light. Over 19,000 specimens of 24 species in 7 genera were collected in the inland creek flood plain. Although the response patterns to the attractants were similar to those in the salt marsh area, there was no significant difference between octenol + CO2 + light and CO2 + light. Aedes vexans, An. crucians, and An. punctipennis were attracted nearly equally to these two attractant combinations. These studies demonstrate that responses to combinations of these attractants are species specific. However, different combinations of attractants can significantly increase the collection of targeted species important in arbovirus transmission. The use of these combinations would be very beneficial in mosquito-borne virus surveillance studies. The use of octenol by itself or in conjunction with light was found the least useful for collecting mosquitoes in both habitats.
The point spread function of the human head and its implications for transcranial current stimulation (2012)

Rational development of transcranial current stimulation (tCS) requires solving the 'forward problem': the computation of the electric field distribution in the head resulting from the application of scalp currents. Derivation of forward models has represented a major effort in brain stimulation research, with model complexity ranging from spherical shells to individualized head models based on magnetic resonance imagery. Despite such effort, an easily accessible benchmark head model is greatly needed when individualized modeling is either undesired (to observe general population trends as opposed to individual differences) or unfeasible. Here, we derive a closed-form linear system which relates the applied current to the induced electric potential. It is shown that in the spherical harmonic (Fourier) domain, a simple scalar multiplication relates the current density on the scalp to the electric potential in the brain. Equivalently, the current density in the head follows as the spherical convolution between the scalp current distribution and the point spread function of the head, which we derive. Thus, if one knows the spherical harmonic representation of the scalp current (i.e. the electrode locations and current intensity to be employed), one can easily compute the resulting electric field at any point inside the head. Conversely, one may also readily determine the scalp current distribution required to generate an arbitrary electric field in the brain (the 'backward problem' in tCS). We demonstrate the simplicity and utility of the model with a series of characteristic curves which sweep across a variety of stimulation parameters: electrode size, depth of stimulation, head size and anode-cathode separation. Finally, theoretically optimal montages for targeting an infinitesimal point in the brain are shown.
Durable lead attachment techniques for pvdf polymer transducers with application to high voltage pulsed ultrasonics<sup>1</sup> (1981)

Abstract A common need in all PVDF piezoelectric film devices is the attachment of durable electrical leads. Previously leads have been attached to already vacuum metallized polarized film by either mechanical means or by means of conducting adhesive or paint (e.g., silver-filled epoxy). Our new lead attachment techniques provide maximum mechanical stability, electrical power capacity, and overall durability; they include using staggered electrodes, a sputtered gold coating as the transducer electrode and conducting attachment path, and methods for soldering lead wires to the continuous gold coating or depositing gold over a cemented lead. Fabrication and performance characteristics of such PVDF transducers are discussed.
Disparity Estimation Algorithm Based on Texture Analysis (2009)

According to the problem that it is difficult for traditional algorithms to get disparity of less textured pixels,a novel stereo matching algorithm based on texture analysis is proposed.Different from the existing approaches,less textured and similar pixels are integrated into line segments along a polar line.Line segments are matched based on smooth and unique constraint.The disparity of less textured area is obtained after the disparity of line segments is calculated.The novel algorithm increases the comparative information and decreases the searching range,so that it is able to reduce probability of matching errors and time complexity of algorithm.Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can improve the matching speed and the disparity accuracy of less textured area,and it is practical.