gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of PPAR<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:math>and Its Agonist in Renal Diseases (2010)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, a member of a large nuclear receptor superfamily, plays a major role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Recently, PPARα activation has been shown to confer additional benefits on endothelial function, kidney function, and anti-inflammation, suggesting that PPARα agonists may be good candidates for treating acute renal failure. In clinical application, PPAR-α activators, such as hypolipidemic drugs in fibric acid class, were proven to have therapeutic effects on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This paper focuses on signaling pathways, ligand selectivity, and physio-pathological roles of PPARα in kidney diseases and the therapeutic utility of PPARα modulators in the treatment of diabetes and inflammation-induced nephropathy. Implication of new and more potent PPAR-α activators could provide important insights into the overall benefits of activating PPAR-α clinically for the treatment of dyslipidemia and the prevention of diabetic or inflammation-induced nephropathy in the future.
Studies on new antiplatelet agents, WS-30581 A and B. (1984)

WS-30581 A and B are antiplatelet agents produced by a strain of Streptoverticillium waksmanii. The compounds were purified by solvent extraction and column chromatography, and identified as new pimprinine analogs on the basis of their physico-chemical properties. The producing organism produced pimprinine along with these compounds. Pimprinine and the two new analogs have potent inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation.
Concepts of epigenetics in prostate cancer development (2008)

Substantial evidence now supports the view that epigenetic changes have a role in the development of human prostate cancer. Analyses of the patterns of epigenetic alteration are providing important insights into the origin of this disease and have identified specific alterations that may serve as useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Examination of cancer methylation patterns supports a stem cell origin of prostate cancer. It is well established that methylation of GSTpi is a marker of prostate cancer, and global patterns of histone marking appear to be linked to cancer prognosis with levels of acetylated histones H3K9, H3K18, and H4K12, and of dimethylated H4R3 and H3K4, dividing low-grade prostate cancer (Gleason 6 or less) into two prognostically separate groups. Elevated levels of several components of the polycomb group protein complex, EZH2, BMI1, and RING1, can also act as biomarkers of poor clinical outcome. Many components of the epigenetic machinery, including histone deacetylase (whose expression level is linked to the TMPRSS2:ERG translocation) and the histone methylase EZH2, are potential therapeutic targets. The recent discovery of the role of small RNAs in governing the epigenetic status of individual genes offers exciting new possibilities in therapeutics and chemoprevention.
Characterization of a cloned subtilisin‐like serine proteinase from a psychrotrophic <i>Vibrio</i> species (2002)

The gene encoding a subtilisin-like serine proteinase in the psychrotrophic Vibrio sp. PA44 has been successfully cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene is 1593 basepairs and encodes a precursor protein of 530 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 55.7 kDa. The enzyme is isolated, however, as an active 40.6-kDa proteinase, without a 139 amino acid residue N-terminal prosequence. Under mild conditions the enzyme undergoes a further autocatalytic cleavage to give a 29.7-kDa proteinase that retains full enzymatic activity. The deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme has high homology to proteinases of the proteinase K family of subtilisin-like proteinases. With respect to the enzyme characteristics compared in this study the properties of the wild-type and recombinant proteinases are the same. Sequence analysis revealed that especially with respect to the thermophilic homologues, aqualysin I from Thermus aquaticus and a proteinase from Thermus strain Rt41A, the cold-adapted Vibrio-proteinase has a higher content of polar/uncharged amino acids, as well as aspartate residues. The thermophilic enzymes had a higher content of arginines, and relatively higher number of hydrophobic amino acids and a higher aliphatic index. These factors may contribute to the adaptation of these proteinases to different temperature conditions.
Reduction of low grade inflammation restores blunting of postprandial muscle anabolism and limits sarcopenia in old rats (2009)

Ageing is characterized by a decline in muscle mass that could be explained by a defect in the regulation of postprandial muscle protein metabolism. Indeed, the stimulatory effect of food intake on protein synthesis and its inhibitory effect on proteolysis is blunted in old muscles from both animals and humans. Recently, low grade inflammation has been suspected to be one of the factors responsible for the decreased sensitivity of muscle protein metabolism to food intake. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of long-term prevention of low grade inflammation on muscle protein metabolism during ageing. Old rats (20 months of age) were separated into two groups: a control group and a group (IBU) in which low grade inflammation had been reduced with a non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug (ibuprofen). After 5 months of treatment, inflammatory markers and cytokine levels were significantly improved in treated old rats when compared with the controls: -22.3% fibrinogen, -54.2% alpha2-macroglobulin, +12.6% albumin, -59.6% IL(6) and -45.9% IL(1beta) levels. As expected, food intake had no effect on muscle protein synthesis or muscle proteolysis in controls whereas it significantly increased muscle protein synthesis by 24.8% and significantly decreased proteolysis in IBU rats. The restoration of muscle protein anabolism at the postprandial state by controlling the development of low grade inflammation in old rats significantly decreased muscle mass loss between 20 and 25 months of age. In conclusion, the observations made in this study have identified low grade inflammation as an important target for pharmacological, nutritional and lifestyle interventions that aim to limit sarcopenia and muscle weakness in the rapidly growing elderly population in Europe and North America.
Gas Turbine Inlet Air Treatment: A New Technology (1993)

This paper describes the development, application, and performance verification of a new patented technology for cleaning and cooling combustion air to a gas turbine. A two (2) year in-depth research program at Dow Chemical Company in Freeport, Texas resulted in the development of this technology. At the conclusion of the research and development program, full-scale application of the hardware was made on a 100 MW combined cycle gas turbine, and its performance monitored for two (2) years. Application of the new technology resulted in increased power output, higher reliability, NOx emission reduction, reduced maintenance costs, and higher total system efficiency. Since the new technology has produced very large cost savings, Dow is using the new technology on three new combined cycle machines currently being installed, and further is exploring conversion of existing combined cycle gas turbines to this new technology.
Highly tunable gold nanorod dimer resonances mediated through conductive junctions (2014)

We study the optical properties of gold nanorod (Au NR) dimers connected end-to-end by a thin metallic junction. The plasmonic oscillations along the long axis of the dimer gives rise to two dominant modes: a bonding dimer plasmon emerging from the dipolar mode of each individual nanorod and a charge transfer plasmon involving the entire dimer structure. We find the charge transfer plasmon absorbance peak shift from the dimer structure is proportional to the NR aspect ratio (AR) behaving as it was a single NR with an AR nearly an order of magnitude larger. The charge transfer plasmon absorbance peak sensitively depends on the material and geometry of the connecting junction, theoretically tuning the absorbance peak from 1 μm to 10 μm. A straightforward “Drude-like” model to describe the charge transfer plasmon response is presented. The development of charge transfer plasmon nanostructures may open up new classes of plasmonic nanostructures leading to disruptive metamaterial technologies.
Efficient distributed disk caching in data grid management (2003)

Effectively utilizing disk caches is critical for delivering and sharing data in data-grids considering the large sizes of requested files and excessively prolonged file transmission time. An essential component in the disk cache management is its replacement policy that determines which file(s) are least valuable and should be evicted to create space for incoming files. Though a large number of replacement algorithms for data objects of different sizes have been proposed recently in the domain of Web-caching and disk caching in data grids, they inherit the shortcomings of the LRU and LFU replacements in characterization access patterns. In order to address this limit, we propose a technique to measure relative file access locality strength - how soon a file is to be re-accessed before being evicted compared with other files. When we estimate the in-cache reaccess probability, we take the disk space consumed by accessed files as well as disk cache size into consideration. Using relative locality strength estimation, we are able to accurately rank the value of each file for being cached, and select the file(s) with least values for replacement. Our simulation results show that our proposed policy is the most effective one among existing policies in interpreting access patterns, and considering achieves performance improvement measured by hit ratios and byte hit ratios.
Engineering Reactive Oxygen Species-Resistant Galectin-1 Dimers with Enhanced Lectin Activity (2018)

Galectin-1 is an immunomodulatory carbohydrate-binding protein with demonstrated efficacy in various preclinical models. However, its potential for clinical use is challenged by two features of the protein. First, galectin-1 (Gal-1) can be inactivated in oxidative environments, such as sites of inflammation, via covalent cross-linking of surface-exposed cysteine residues. Second, the active conformation of galectin-1 is a noncovalent homodimer with a micromolar dissociation constant. Together, these features necessitate frequent administration of high doses of galectin-1 for therapeutic efficacy. To address this challenge, we report an engineered dimeric variant of Gal-1 that is resistant to oxidative inactivation. Specifically, to prevent oxidative inactivation we mutated 3 of 4 surface cysteine residues to serine residues on Gal-1 ("Tri Gal-1"), and then cross-linked two Tri Gal-1 molecules with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate to create a stable homodimer ("Tri-PEG-Tri"). Our data demonstrate that cysteine-to-serine galectin-1 mutants retain the carbohydrate-binding properties and pro-apoptotic activity of wild-type Gal-1. Mutants lacking all surface cysteine residues are completely resistant to covalent cross-linking in oxidative environments. At sufficient polymer:protein ratios, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate reacts with the surface cysteine on two Tri Gal-1 molecules to form Tri-PEG-Tri. The effective dose of Tri-PEG-Tri is more than an order of magnitude lower than that of non-PEGylated Gal-1. Together, these data demonstrate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-resistant Tri-PEG-Tri dimers with enhanced lectin activity that may be broadly useful for improving the therapeutic efficacy of Gal-1 in immune modulation, transplant tolerance, and treatment of chronic inflammation.
High Performance Single Element MI Magnetometer With Peak-to-Peak Voltage Detector by Synchronized Switching (2017)

We propose a new high performance magnetometer using a single magneto-impedance (MI) sensor with a peak-to-peak voltage detector by synchronized switching (shortened: Pk-pk VD-type MI magnetometer), which is aimed to measure an extremely weak magnetic field ranging from nT (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> T) to pT (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> T), based upon the conventional MI magnetometer, which is used in the electronic compass. In order to enhance sensitivity and reduce noise, the Pk-pk VD-type MI magnetometer detects both the positive peak and the negative peak in induced voltage waveform of pickup coil. In this paper, for demonstrating the performances of the Pk-pk VD-type MI magnetometer, we investigate the magnetic field sensitivity and the magnetic noise spectral density. We demonstrated that the noise level of the Pk-pk VD-type MI magnetometer is lower than 2 pT/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> for the frequency range from 1 to 100 Hz, which is much better than the conventional MI magnetometer. We discuss the noise performance of the Pk-pk VD-type MI magnetometer. According to the results obtained in this paper, we expect that this proposed MI magnetometer can be widely used for extremely weak magnetic field detection.
Square‐Centimeter Solution‐Processed Planar CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 15% (2015)

The preparation of uniform, high-crystallinity planar perovskite films with high-aspect-ratio grains over a square-inch area is demonstrated. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.3% (stabilized output of ≈15.6%) is obtained for a planar perovskite solar cell (PSC) with 1.2 cm2 active area, and the PCE jumps to 18.3% (stabilized output of ≈17.5%) for a PSC with a 0.12 cm2 active area.
Mechanisms of antioxidant action: the antioxidant activity of nitrones in polypropylene (1985)

Abstract Aldonitrones are effective melt stabilizers for polypropylene, the most effective being benzaldonitrones containing a partially hindered 4‐hydroxy group in the aromatic ring. They form nitroxyl radicals in the polymer during processing, and these and the related hydroxylamines are believed to be involved in a catalytic CBA/CBD antioxidant cycle during mechano‐ and photooxidation. During thermal oxidation (oven aging) they behave as stoichiometric CB‐D antioxidants.
Postural hypotension and tachycardia during hydralazine--isosorbide dinitrate therapy for chronic heart failure. (1981)

Supine and upright hemodynamic measurements were performed in 10 patients with chronic congestive heart failure, before and during vasodilator therapy with hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate. This combination of drugs produced significant improvement in supine hemodynamic measurements, with the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreasing from 26 +/- 5 to 18 +/- 5 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01) and stroke volume index increasing from 25 +/- 6 to 39 +/- 6 ml/m2 (p less than 0.01), without any significant change in heart rate (HR) or mean arterial pressure (MAP). However, with the patients upright, HR rose significantly (87 +/- 17 to 99 +/- 17 beats/min, p less than 0.05) and MAP fell (84 +/- 10 to 66 +/- 11 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) compared with measurements before treatment. These patients also exhibited potentially deleterious postural changes in HR, MAP, cardiac output, stroke volume index and stroke work index during therapy with the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate. Although diuretic therapy (which had been withheld for 12 hours in eight subjects but only for 6 hours in two others) may have played a role in producing these changes, postural hypotension or tachycardia was not noted before vasodilator therapy or during therapy with nitrates or hydralazine. Repeat catheterization after 3 months in six patients revealed a lessening of the postural effects. These findings indicate the need to perform upright as well as supine hemodynamic measurements during the initiation of vasodilator therapy and suggest the need for particular caution in patients with ischemic heart disease.
High temperature thermal energy storage in moving sand (1978)

Several high-temperature (to 500 C) heat-storage systems using sand as the storage medium are described. The advantages of sand as a storage medium include low cost for sand, widespread availability, non-toxicity, non-degradation characteristics, easy containment, and safety. The systems considered include: stationary sand with closely spaced tubes throughout the volume, the use of a fluidized bed, use of conveyor belt transporter, and the use of a blower rapid transport system. For a stationary sand bed, very close spacing of heat transfer tubes throughout the volume is required, manifesting as high power related system cost. The suggestion of moving sand past or around pipes is intended to reduce the power related costs at the penalty of added system complexity. Preliminary system cost estimates are offered. These rough calculations indicate that mobile sand heat storage systems cost less than the stationary sand approach.
Engraftment of embryonic stem cell-derived neurons into the cochlear modiolus (2005)

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors for use as transplants for the replacement of the auditory primary neurons, spiral ganglion neurons. Mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors were implanted into the base of the cochlear modiolus of normal or deafened guinea pigs, which contains spiral ganglion neurons and cochlear nerve fibers. Histological analysis demonstrated the survival and neural differentiation of transplants in the cochlear modiolus and active neurite outgrowth of transplants toward host peripheral or central auditory systems. Functional assessments indicated the potential of transplanted embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors to elicit the functional recovery of damaged cochleae. These findings support the hypothesis that transplantation of embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors can contribute to the functional restoration of spiral ganglion neurons.
Achievement of high coercivity in sintered R-Fe-B magnets based on misch-metal by dual alloy method (2014)

The R-Fe-B (R, rare earth) sintered magnets prepared with different ratio of alloys of MM-Fe-B (MM, misch-metal) and Nd-Fe-B by dual alloy method were investigated. As expected, the high ratio of MM-Fe-B alloy degrades the hard magnetic properties heavily with intrinsic coercivity lower than 5 kOe. When the atomic ratio MM/R ≤ 21.5% the magnetic properties can reach a practical level of Br ≥ 12.1 kGs, Hcj ≥ 10.7 kOe, and (BH)max ≥ 34.0 MGOe. And the effect of Hcj enhancement by the grain boundary diffusion process is obvious when MM/R ≤ 21.5%. It is revealed that the decrement of intrinsic magnetic properties of R2Fe14B matrix phase is not the main reason of the degradation of the magnets with high MM ratio. The change of deteriorated microstructure together with phase component plays fundamental roles in low Hcj. In high MM ratio magnets, (a) after annealing, Ce atoms inside main phase are inclined to be segregated in the outer layer of the main phase grains; (b) there is no thin layer of Ce-rich phase as an analogue of Nd-rich phase to separate main phase grains; (c) excessive Ce tends to form CeFe2 grains.
Nonlinear Slow-Wave Propagation On Periodic Schottky Coplanar Lines (2005)

Nonlinear wave propagation along periodic Schottky slow-wave structures with voltage dependent capacitance is analytically described by simple wave equations. As an examplary result of the theory, a special structure is proposed which can be used for traveling-wave second harmonic generation or parametric amplification with high efficiency. This is experimentally verified on a model line.
Stability of fiber Bragg grating wavelength calibration references (2003)

We discuss the key considerations necessary to create stable fiber Bragg grating wavelength references. We describe two high-accuracy measurements to characterize the gratings, and we demonstrate gratings with wavelength stability better than 1 pm over 75 days.
Effects of adrenal steroid hormones on mitochondrial maturation during the late fetal period (1998)

In the present work, we described the perinatal changes in mitochondrial maturation that contribute to metabolic development in the rat kidney. We focused on cytochrome-c oxidase activity and gene expression from the last three days of gestation to one day after birth. The role of adrenal steroids in the development of cytochrome-c oxidase expression and of mitochondrial DNA content was also investigated by studying the effects of fetal adrenalectomy. During the perinatal period, the developmental pattern of the cytochrome-c oxidase enzymatic complex exhibited parallel increases in transcript levels, protein content and enzyme activity, suggesting a transcriptional regulation of this enzyme. Adrenalectomy led to a decrease in fetal kidney cytochrome-c oxidase messengers and mtDNA content while administration of dexamethasone restored normal levels. In contrast, mtDNA content was unchanged in liver and heart after adrenalectomy whereas levels of cytochrome-c oxidase transcripts were controlled by adrenal steroids in liver but not in heart. These results indicate that adrenal steroid hormones contribute to the regulation of perinatal maturation of mitochondria in rat kidney and that these hormones are involved in the fetal mitochondrial biogenesis in a tissue-specific manner.
Phase Stability and Mechanical Properties of IrAl Alloys (1997)

Phase stability and mechanical properties of B2 type IrAl intermetallic alloys are investigated. Three types of IrAl alloys are obtained by arc-melting, followed by homogenization at 2023 K for 14.4 ks in vacuum, and are slowly cooled for removing thermal vacancies. Phase stability is studied using optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and differential thermal analysis up to 1973 K. Mechanical properties are investigated by micro-Vickers hardness measurements at room temperature and compression tests up to 1873 K. All alloys after heat treatment have eutectic structures composed of B2-IrAl and fcc Ir solid solution: B2 IrAl is the primary phase and Ir solid solutions exist at grain boundaries. Lattice parameters of both phases are calculated to be 298.8 pm for B2 IrAl and 384 pm for fcc Ir solid solutions. Micro-Vickers hardness is measured to be HV 1050 in average, HV 1100 for B2 phases and HV 1000 through 700 for eutectic structures. Although all alloys show brittleness at room temperature, compressive ductility appears over 1273 K. 0.2% flow stress decreases rapidly with increasing test temperatures: 90 MPa at 1473 K and 30 MPa at 1873 K. It is concluded: (1) IrAl/Ir eutectic structures are induced through solidification, and the eutectic structures remain through the homogenization treatment, and (2) the strength and specific strength of IrAl alloys are higher than those of other intermetallics such as NiAl, Ni3Al and TiAl.
Identification of a Potential Ejaculation Generator in the Spinal Cord (2002)

We tested the significance of a population of lumbar spinothalamic cells for male sexual behavior in rats. These cells are positioned to relay ejaculation-related signals from reproductive organs to the brain, and they express neurokinin-1 receptors. Ablation of these neurons by the selective toxin SSP-saporin resulted in a complete disruption of ejaculatory behavior. In contrast, other components of sexual behavior remained intact. These results suggest that this population of spinothalamic cells plays a pivotal role in generation of ejaculatory behavior and may be part of a spinal ejaculation generator.