gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Immune Evasion Paradox: Immunoevasins of Murine Cytomegalovirus Enhance Priming of CD8 T Cells by Preventing Negative Feedback Regulation (2008)

ABSTRACT Cytomegaloviruses express glycoproteins that interfere with antigen presentation to CD8 T cells. Although the molecular modes of action of these “immunoevasins” differ between cytomegalovirus species, the convergent biological outcome is an inhibition of the recognition of infected cells. In murine cytomegalovirus, m152/gp40 retains peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in a cis -Golgi compartment, m06/gp48 mediates their vesicular sorting for lysosomal degradation, and m04/gp34, although not an immunoevasin in its own right, appears to assist in the concerted action of all three molecules. Using the L d -restricted IE1 epitope YPHFMPTNL in the BALB/c mouse model as a paradigm, we provide here an explanation for the paradox that immunoevasins enhance CD8 T-cell priming although they inhibit peptide presentation in infected cells. Adaptive immune responses are initiated in the regional lymph node (RLN) draining the site of pathogen exposure. In particular for antigens that are not virion components, the magnitude of viral gene expression providing the antigens is likely a critical parameter in priming efficacy. We have therefore focused on the events in the RLN and have related priming to intranodal viral gene expression. We show that immunoevasins enhance priming by downmodulating an early CD8 T-cell-mediated “negative feedback” control of the infection in the cortical region of the RLN, thus supporting the model that immunoevasins improve antigen supply for indirect priming by uninfected antigen-presenting cells. As an important consequence, these findings predict that deletion of immunoevasin genes in a replicative vaccine virus is not a favorable option but may, rather, be counterproductive.
Propantheline Attenuates the Peripheral Side Effects of Donepezil without Affecting Its Antiamnestic Properties in Cerebral Ischemic Mice (2008)

Cholinergic deficits are found in both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cholinesterase inhibition (CHI) is the only strategy that has been proven to have beneficial effects in patients, but may cause a broad spectrum of adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, etc. To investigate how to attenuate the peripheral side effects of CHI agents without affecting their efficacy, the effects of propantheline bromide (PB) co-administered with donepezil on the gastric emptying (GE), gastrointestinal transit (GIT), brain cholinesterase (ChE) activities, and maze tasks of mice with memory impairment induced by transient ischemia were observed. The results indicated that PB decreased the increase in GE and GIT, but did not change brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity or the latency of escape in cerebral ischemic mice treated with donepezil. These findings suggest that PB is nearly unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and could attenuate the peripheral side effects of CHI agents in the peripheral nervous system and without affecting their therapeutic effects in the central nervous system.
Investigation of induced microseismicity at Valhall using the Life of Field Seismic array (2010)

Here we use data from the Life of Field Seismic (LoFS) surface array in conjunction with a migration-style approach to locate microseismic events in Valhall Field during 6.5 hours of hydraulic fracturing. We identify an event distribution that extends roughly 300 m vertically and 200 m horizontally with sources both within the chalk layer, containing the reservoir, and the overburden. However, the temporal distribution of the events is not consistent with the induced fracturing extending into the overburden. Instead, the synchronous increase in event activity with downhole pressure could be interpreted as evidence that elastic wavefronts originating from well activity trigger movement on faults where the in-situ stress is very close to that required for failure.
c-Met–mediated endothelial plasticity drives aberrant vascularization and chemoresistance in glioblastoma (2016)

Aberrant vascularization is a hallmark of cancer progression and treatment resistance. Here, we have shown that endothelial cell (EC) plasticity drives aberrant vascularization and chemoresistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). By utilizing human patient specimens, as well as allograft and genetic murine GBM models, we revealed that a robust endothelial plasticity in GBM allows acquisition of fibroblast transformation (also known as endothelial mesenchymal transition [Endo-MT]), which is characterized by EC expression of fibroblast markers, and determined that a prominent population of GBM-associated fibroblast-like cells have EC origin. Tumor ECs acquired the mesenchymal gene signature without the loss of EC functions, leading to enhanced cell proliferation and migration, as well as vessel permeability. Furthermore, we identified a c-Met/ETS-1/matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) axis that controls VE-cadherin degradation, Endo-MT, and vascular abnormality. Pharmacological c-Met inhibition induced vessel normalization in patient tumor-derived ECs. Finally, EC-specific KO of Met inhibited vascular transformation, normalized blood vessels, and reduced intratumoral hypoxia, culminating in suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in GBM-bearing mice after temozolomide treatment. Together, these findings illustrate a mechanism that controls aberrant tumor vascularization and suggest that targeting Endo-MT may offer selective and efficient strategies for antivascular and vessel normalization therapies in GBM, and possibly other malignant tumors.
Time Trends in the Published Risks of Stroke and Death due to Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis (2004)

There is no evidence of a systematic reduction over the last decade in the published risks of stroke and death due to CEA for symptomatic stenosis. Operative risks in studies with comparable outcome assessment are similar to ECST and NASCET. The surgical data from the large trials are still likely therefore to be applicable to routine clinical practice.
Higher Frequency of Certain Cancers in<i>LRRK2</i>G2019S Mutation Carriers With Parkinson Disease (2014)

This multinational study from 5 centers demonstrates that LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers have an overall increased risk of cancer, especially for hormone-related cancer and breast cancer in women. Larger prospective cohorts or family-based studies investigating associations between LRRK2 mutations and cancer among patients with PD are warranted to better understand the underlying genetic susceptibility between PD and hormone-related cancers.
Interaction of Oxidation and Creep in Zircaloy-2 (1979)

In the event of a loss-of-coolant accident in water-cooled reactors, the Zircaloy-2 cladding is subjected to a rapid increase in temperature and stress in an oxidizing environment. Accurate numerical values of creep parameters are thus required for use in tube deformation models that predict fuel cladding behavior during such an accident. Also, it is necessary to know quantitatively the effect of oxidation on creep behavior. Creep tests have been performed in the temperature range 1000 to 1925 K on Zircaloy-2. In this temperature range, the material undergoes a phase transformation from α to β phase at ∼1100 K. Tensile creep results on these two phases have been performed in vacuum. The α-phase material was tested in strip form in a conventional creep machine, although to obtain data at high temperatures in the β phase, resistance-heated wire specimens were used. The creep of both the α and β phases of Zircaloy in the unoxidized condition can be satisfactorily represented by the Dorn equation for dislocation creep controlled by lattice diffusion:ε˙i=AiGibikT(σGi)niDiwhere i = α, β and the creep parameters Ai and ni take the values:Aα=1.67×1011Aβ=0.6nα=5.36nβ=3.7 Further experiments are reported on the influence of oxygen on creep. The first series of experiments on material with oxygen in uniform solid solution indicate that oxygen has no effect on the creep of β-phase material until the solubility limit of oxygen is reached. However, the creep of α-phase material is significantly modified by the presence of dissolved oxygen. Creep rate is shown to decrease according to the expressionε˙=ε˙0exp⁡(−βC)where ε˙0 is the creep rate of Zircaloy-2 containing no dissolved oxygen, β is a constant at a given stress and temperature, and C is the oxygen concentration. Numerical values of β are discussed in the text. Creep of duplex α + β phase is also investigated using techniques both of equilibrating the structure at test temperature before testing and also admitting measured quantities of oxygen during test. Using these techniques combined with experiments at different temperatures permits a wide range of structures to be obtained and transient effects to be observed. The relationships between the different morphologies of the duplex material, the relative proportions of the two phases, and creep behavior are discussed. Grain boundary sliding in β-phase Zircaloy-2 is also investigated. The rate of sliding is shown to vary, with stress raised to a power slightly greater than unity with an activation energy close to that for lattice diffusion, and results are interpreted in terms of sliding controlled by diffusion between undulations in the boundary geometry. The geometry required to satisfy the observed rates of sliding is estimated. It is shown that oxygen has no effect on sliding, although nitriding inhibits sliding.
Effect of Normalization of Hematocrit on Brain Circulation and Metabolism in Hemodialysis Patients (1999)

Abstract. Full correction of anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been reported to reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and improve the quality of life in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Effects of normalization of hematocrit on cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism were investigated by positron emission tomography. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral blood volume (rCBV), oxygen extraction ratio (rOER), and metabolic rate for oxygen (rCMRO 2 ) were measured in seven HD patients before and after correction of anemia and compared with those in six healthy control subjects. In addition, blood rheology before and on rhEPO therapy was measured in HD patients, which included blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte fluidity, and erythrocyte aggregability. The results showed that plasma viscosity was high (1.51 ± 0.19 mPa · s) and erythrocyte fluidity was low (85.8 ± 4.8 Pa -1 · s -1 ), while whole blood viscosity was within the normal range (3.72 ± 0.38 mPa · s) before rhEPO therapy. After treatment, the hematocrit rose significantly from 29.3 ± 3.3 to 42.4 ± 2.2% ( P < 0.001), accompanied by a significant increase in the whole blood viscosity to 4.57 ± 0.16 mPa · s, nonsignificant decrease in erythrocyte fluidity to 79.9 ± 7.4 mPa -1 · s -1 and nonsignificant change in plasma viscosity (1.46 ± 1.3 mPa · s). Positron emission tomography measurements revealed that by normalization of hematocrit, rCBF significantly decreased from 65 ± 11 to 48 ± 12 ml/min per 100 cm 3 ( P < 0.05). However, arterial oxygen content (caO 2 ) significantly increased from 5.7 ± 0.7 to 8.0 ± 0.4 mmol/L ( P < 0.0001), rOER of the hemispheres significantly increased from 44 ± 3 to 51 ± 6% ( P < 0.05) and became significantly higher than healthy control subjects ( P < 0.05). In addition, rCBV significantly increased from 3.5 ± 0.5 to 4.6 ± 0.6 ml/100 cc brain tissue. The results showed that oxygen supply to the brain tissue increased with normalization of hematocrit, but it was accompanied by increased oxygen extraction in the brain tissue. This may be assumed to be related to the decrease of erythrocyte velocity in the cerebral capillaries as a result of the decreased blood deformability and the increased plasma viscosity.
A high-performance vector controlled interior PM synchronous motor drive with extended speed range capability (2002)

A high performance current vector controlled scheme for interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor drives is presented in this paper. The proposed control scheme takes into account the magnetic saturation effects on the performance of the drive and is applicable over the entire speed range of IPM motor operation, considering the limits of the supply's current and voltage rated values. A DSP-based controller has been built to verify the validity of the theoretical considerations. An experimental procedure used to adjust its parameters, makes it quite attractive for industrial applications since knowledge of the exact motor model is not required. Simulation and experimental results under various operating conditions are presented to validate the high performance of the proposed controller.
<scp>T</scp>urner Syndrome (2005)

Abstract Turner syndrome affects 1/3000 females. The natural history of this sex chromosome aneuploidy is marked by problems in lymphatic development, skeletal development and growth, gonadal function, cardiac and renal malformations, and a number of specific cognitive findings. An increased risk for hypothyroidism, sensorineural hearing loss, hypertension, and other problems is recognized. Evaluation and management are reviewed.
Optimized b-value selection for the discrimination of prostate cancer grades, including the cribriform pattern, using diffusion weighted imaging (2017)

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging, is commonly used to diagnose prostate cancer. This radiology-pathology study correlates prostate cancer grade and morphology with common <i>b</i>-value combinations for calculating apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Thirty-nine patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were recruited for MP-MRI prior to surgery. Diffusion imaging was collected with seven <i>b</i>-values, and ADC was calculated. Excised prostates were sliced in the same orientation as the MRI using 3-D printed slicing jigs. Whole-mount slides were digitized and annotated by a pathologist. Annotated samples were aligned to the MRI, and ADC values were extracted from annotated peripheral zone (PZ) regions. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine accuracy of tissue type discrimination and optimal ADC <i>b</i>-value combination. ADC significantly discriminates Gleason (G) G4-5 cancer from G3 and other prostate tissue types. The optimal <i>b</i>-values for discriminating high from low-grade and noncancerous tissue in the PZ are 50 and 2000, followed closely by 100 to 2000 and 0 to 2000. Optimal ADC cut-offs are presented for dichotomized discrimination of tissue types according to each <i>b</i>-value combination. Selection of <i>b</i>-values affects the sensitivity and specificity of ADC for discrimination of prostate cancer.
Synthesis and Biological Properties of Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Thromboxanes and Prostacyclins (1978)

Abstract Prostaglandins continue to be a major and fast‐developing area of research in the chemical and biological sciences. Increasing evidence has recently prompted some researchers to suggest that the important physiological actions of these hormones are exerted by their unstable arachidonic acid pathway intermediates, the endoperoxides, thromboxanes, and prostacyclin. The importance of these substances in physiology and medicine and the challenge they pose to synthetic chemistry place them in the forefront of chemical and biochemical investigation. Current biological research has greatly benefited by synthetic advances which have made available large quantities of some of these naturally occurring intermediates and several analogs with increased stabilities. Following a brief review of the primary prostaglandins, the present article describes recent biosynthetic developments, partial and total syntheses of prostaglandin endoperoxide analogs, thromboxane B 2 , and prostacyclins, and the biological properties of these molecules.
What Business Education in the Small High School? (1933)

"What Business Education in the Small High School?." The Journal of Business Education, 8(6), pp. 19–20
A Fibril-Like Assembly of Oligomers of a Peptide Derived from β-Amyloid (2014)

A macrocyclic β-sheet peptide containing two nonapeptide segments based on Aβ(15-23) (QKLVFFAED) forms fibril-like assemblies of oligomers in the solid state. The X-ray crystallographic structure of macrocyclic β-sheet peptide 3 was determined at 1.75 Å resolution. The macrocycle forms hydrogen-bonded dimers, which further assemble along the fibril axis in a fashion resembling a herringbone pattern. The extended β-sheet comprising the dimers is laminated against a second layer of dimers through hydrophobic interactions to form a fibril-like assembly that runs the length of the crystal lattice. The second layer is offset by one monomer subunit, so that the fibril-like assembly is composed of partially overlapping dimers, rather than discrete tetramers. In aqueous solution, macrocyclic β-sheet 3 and homologues 4 and 5 form discrete tetramers, rather than extended fibril-like assemblies. The fibril-like assemblies of oligomers formed in the solid state by macrocyclic β-sheet 3 represent a new mode of supramolecular assembly not previously observed for the amyloidogenic central region of Aβ. The structures observed at atomic resolution for this peptide model system may offer insights into the structures of oligomers and oligomer assemblies formed by full-length Aβ and may provide a window into the propagation and replication of amyloid oligomers.
Cobra: a new approach to IR system design (1997)

This paper describes Cobra, an object-oriented system for building information retrieval applications. By founding an architecture for IR systems on a model for document content, we believe that the design process will benefit in the same way that database design is aided by data modelling. An object-oriented database has been extended with specific support for information retrieval data structures. Together with an application framework, this allows rapid construction of advanced IR systems. A major goal has been to ensure that information about how a query proceeded can be delivered to the user interface to ensure that the user can build up an adequate model of the system&apos;s behaviour. We have created a Java interface to Cobra which actively supports query reformulation. This has been used to provide access to a Web-based collection of historical records. The whole system is implemented and working, and early experiments are encouraging. 1 Introduction Recent years have seen the emer...
Effect of Functional Capacity Evaluation information on the judgment of physicians about physical work ability in the context of disability claims (2009)

The IPs change their judgment of the physical work ability of claimants with MSDs in the context of disability claim procedures more often when FCE information is provided.
Initial outcomes in the Multicenter Study of Epilepsy Surgery (2003)

Resective surgery for treatment of epilepsy significantly reduces seizures, most strikingly after medial temporal resection (77% 1 year remission) compared to neocortical resection (56% 1 year remission). Resective epilepsy surgery has a gradual but lasting effect on QOL, but minimal effects on anxiety and depression. Longer follow-up will be essential to determine ultimate seizure, QOL, and psychiatric outcomes of epilepsy surgery.
Nucleotide sequence and expression of the mercurial-resistance operon from Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258. (1987)

The mercurial-resistance determinant from Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258 is located on a 6.4-kilobase-pair Bgl II fragment. The determinant was cloned into both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Mercury resistance was found only in B. subtilis. The 6404-base-pair DNA sequence of the Bgl II fragment was determined. The mer DNA sequence includes seven open reading frames, two of which have been identified by homology with the merA (mercuric reductase) and merB (organomercurial lyase) genes from the mercurial-resistance determinants of Gram-negative bacteria. Whereas 40% of the amino acid residues overall were identical between the pI258 merA polypeptide product and mercuric reductases from Gram-negative bacteria, the percentage identity in the active-site positions and those thought to be involved in NADPH and FAD contacts was above 90%. The 216 amino acid organomercurial lyase sequence was 39% identical with that from a Serratia plasmid, with higher conservation in the middle of the sequences and lower homologies at the amino and carboxyl termini. The remaining five open reading frames in the pI258 mer sequence have no significant homologies with the genes from previously sequenced Gram-negative mer operons.
Personalized facial attractiveness prediction (2008)

We present a fully automatic approach to learning the personal facial attractiveness preferences of individual users directly from example images. The target application is computer assisted search of partners in online dating services. The proposed approach is based on the use of epsiv-SVMs to learn a regression function that maps low level image features onto attractiveness ratings. We present empirical results based on a dataset of images collected from a large online dating site. Our system achieved correlations of up to 0.45 (Pearson correlation) on the attractiveness predictions for individual users. We show evidence that the approach learned not just a universal sense of attraction shared by multiple users, but capitalized on the preferences of individual subjects. Our results are promising and could already be used to facilitate the personalized search of partners in online dating.
Photoresist Ashing by Atmospheric Pressure Glow Plasma. (1997)

We investigated the mechanism and application of photoresist ashing by means of atmospheric pressure glow (APG) plasma. APG plasma using a mixture gas of He and O2 could ash the photoresist with a rate of about 1μm•min-1, which was roughly the same value as that of O2 plasma ashing at a low pressure. The dependences of etch-rate on O2 gas flow rate, discharge power and substrate temperature suggested that the APG plasma ashing process was mainly the oxidation of the photoresist by oxygen radicals. The XPS and optical emission spectroscopy suggested that excited helium promoted the desorption of oxides on the surface of the photoresist. To reduce cost, we tried to use Ar, acetone (Ac) and O2 mixture gas instead of He and O2 mixture gas. Ar/Ac/O2 plasma could etch the photoresist as fast as He /O2 plasma, although the O2 content was one sixth of that of He/O2 plasma. Minute area ashing using a pray type discharge tube was also investigated. Its ashing rate was the fastest, about 4.0μm•min-1, when Ar/O2 mixture gas was used.