gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers (2015)

Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. The underlying hypothesis is that an Env-mimetic protein may be able to induce antibodies that can neutralize the virus broadly and potently enough for a vaccine to be protective. Multiple different designs for Env-mimetic trimers have been put forth. Here, we used the CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 env genes to compare some of these designs and determine which ones best mimic virus-associated Env trimers. We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins.
Advantages of Soybean Peroxidase over Horseradish Peroxidase as the Enzyme Label in Chemiluminescent Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Sulfamethoxypyridazine (2010)

An indirect competitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) of sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP) was developed. The conjugates of streptavidin with cationic horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anionic soybean peroxidase (SbP) were used in CL-ELISA for the detection of biotinylated anti-SMP antibodies. For streptavidin-HRP conjugate-catalyzed chemiluminescence measured 20 s after the initiation of the enhanced chemiluminescence reaction (ECR), the limit of detection (IC(10)), the IC(50) value, and the working range in CL-ELISA of SMP are 0.3, 12.4, and 1.2-85.0 ng/mL, respectively. An increase in the time interval between the ECR initiation and the luminescence measurement results in the loss in the quality of analytical measurements because of the time-dependent quenching of chemiluminescence typical of the HRP-catalyzed ECR. In the case of SbP-based CL-ELISA of SMP, the limit of detection, the IC(50) value, and the working range (0.025, 0.17, and 0.045-0.63 ng/mL, respectively) are better than those for HRP-based CL-ELISA. Furthermore, the analytical parameters of SbP-based CL-ELISA remain unchanged during a long period of time (for at least 30 min). The recovery values from four spiked milk samples with different concentrations of SMP in SbP-based CL-ELISA vary from 70 to 130%.
The use of super‐resolution techniques to reduce slice thickness in functional MRI (2004)

Abstract The problem of increasing the slice resolution of functional MRI (fMRI) images without a loss in signal‐to‐noise ratio is considered. In standard fMRI experiments, increasing the slice resolution by a certain factor decreases the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the images with the same factor. For this purpose an adapted EPI MRI acquisition protocol is proposed, allowing one to acquire slice‐shifted images from which one can generate interpolated super‐resolution images, with an increased resolution in the slice direction. To solve the problem of correctness and robustness of the created super‐resolution images from these slice‐shifted datasets, the use of discontinuity preserving regularization methods is proposed. Tests on real morphological, synthetic functional, and real functional MR datasets have been performed, by comparing the obtained super‐resolution datasets with high‐resolution reference datasets. In the morphological experiments the image spatial resolution of the different types of images are compared. In the synthetic and real fMRI experiments, on the other hand, the quality of the different datasets is studied as function of their resulting activation maps. From the results obtained in this study, we conclude that the proposed super‐resolution techniques can both improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio and augment the detectability of small activated areas in fMRI image sets acquired with thicker slices. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 131–138, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20016
Spirolactones of xanthene. III. Formation and molecular structure of novel spirolactones of xanthene and dibenzo[c,h]xanthene (1987)

Abstract The reaction of 1‐naphthol or phenol derivatives with oxalic and sulfuric acids yielded novel spirolactones. Eight examples ( 2a‐h ) were synthesized by this reaction. The structures of the spirolactones were established from spectral evidence and the X‐ray diffraction studies. Some of the spirolactones form the solvates with the aromatic solvent molecules, such as toluene, xylene and nitrobenzene, and the structure of the nitrobenzene solvate of 2a was determined by the X‐ray analysis.
The human leukemic T-cell line, TALL-104, is cytotoxic to human malignant brain tumors and traffics through brain tissue: implications for local adoptive immunotherapy. (2000)

Preclinical studies with the human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic T-cell leukemic line, TALL-104, were performed in anticipation of its use in cellular immunotherapy trials for primary malignant brain tumors. In this study, we have: (a) quantitated the in vitro brain tumor cell lysis; (b) measured the cytokine secretion upon coincubation of TALL-104 cells with brain tumor cells; (c) investigated the effect of dexamethasone on brain tumor cell cytolysis by TALL-104 cells; (d) explored the effects of lethal irradiation and cryopreservation on TALL-104 cell viability and lytic efficacy; and (e) estimated the damage TALL-104 cells induce to murine normal and tumor brain cells and their trafficking patterns in both normal and tumor-bearing rat brain upon intracranial infusion. In vitro coincubation of TALL-104 cells with human brain tumor cells, explants, and cell lines resulted in significant lysis of them, but normal brain cells were spared. Lysis of tumor at 4 h was unaffected by dexamethasone or lethal irradiation. Secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-beta, IFN-gamma, or granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor upon TALL-104 cell coincubation with brain tumor cells variably occurred without always correlating with lysis. In vivo experiments using irradiated TALL-104 cells, placed at multiple times into normal cannulated rat brain, produced focal sterile abscesses at the instillation site but no widespread allergic encephalitic reaction. Cells morphologically consistent with TALL-104 cells specifically trafficked from the site of instillation through the neuropil, occasionally into the contralateral brain, and egressed at perivascular and leptomeningeal spaces. In vivo experiments with cannulated rats bearing 9L gliosarcoma showed a preferential localization of the TALL-104 cells in tumor compared with normal brain. Taken together, these data support the concept that TALL-104 cells can be used as a novel nontoxic and efficacious paradigm for cellular immunotherapy trials in human primary malignant brain tumors.
Support of voice services in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs (2002)

The IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol supports two modes of operation, a random access mode for non-real-time data applications, and a polling mode for real-time applications. We design and analyze a system that uses the polling mode for interactive voice traffic. With larger inter-poll periods, more voice calls can be accommodated, but at the expense of increased delay. For example, our analysis shows that with an inter-poll period of 90 ms, a maximum of 26 voice calls can be handled with a worst-case delay of 303 ms, whereas with an inter-poll period of 60 ms, a maximum of 17 voice calls can be handled with a worst-case delay of 213 ms. We also carry out an error analysis that demonstrates the need for error correction of voice packets.
Novel bacteria degrading N-acylhomoserine lactones and their use as quenchers of quorum-sensing-regulated functions of plant-pathogenic bacteria (2003)

Bacteria degrading the quorum-sensing (QS) signal molecule N-hexanoylhomoserine lactone were isolated from a tobacco rhizosphere. Twenty-five isolates degrading this homoserine lactone fell into six groups according to their genomic REP-PCR and rrs PCR-RFLP profiles. Representative strains from each group were identified as members of the genera Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Variovorax and Rhodococcus: all these isolates degraded N-acylhomoserine lactones other than the hexanoic acid derivative, albeit with different specificity and kinetics. One of these isolates, Rhodococcus erythropolis strain W2, was used to quench QS-regulated functions of other microbes. In vitro, W2 strongly interfered with violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum, and transfer of pathogenicity in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In planta, R. erythropolis W2 markedly reduced the pathogenicity of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in potato tubers. These series of results reveal the diversity of the QS-interfering bacteria in the rhizosphere and demonstrate the validity of targeting QS signal molecules to control pathogens with natural bacterial isolates.
Utilization Review and Managed Health Care Liability (2004)

This article explores the development of jurisprudence interpreting application of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 to patient care denials by managed care. It identifies quality-of-care protections for patient care under present federal law. If an insurance company utilization review denies care based on patient-specific reasoning, then the patient may have recourse against the utilization review on the basis of a state law claim of malpractice grounded in medical decision-making by the insurance company.
Research Letter: Retroinverso Mimetics of S Peptide (2007)

The S peptide from ribonuclease S was used as a model system to explore the relationship between the native peptide and its retroinverso (RI) analog. As probed by circular dichroism, the conformations of S peptide and retroinverso S peptide (RIS peptide) are each right-handed helical conformation. The helical propensity of retro S peptide is greater than S peptide, in trifluoroethanol (TFE). In 70% TFE, the S peptide possesses greater helicity at pH 4 than at pH 7, whereas RIS peptide possesses greater helicity at pH 7 than at pH 4. The RIS peptide does not mimic the S peptide in binding to S protein. Specifically, the RIS peptide does not mimic the S peptide to effect RNase activity with S protein and it also does not inhibit the RNase activity of S peptide with S protein. The biological mimicry between the S peptide and its RIS analog depends on the conformation and relatedness of both the side chain and backbone substructures. The backbones in the S peptide and its RIS analog are reverted with respect to each other; however, the side chain patterns are predicted to be similar. Importantly, if the molecular interactions of backbone atoms of the S peptide and its binding to S protein, then the RIS analog would be unlikely to mimic this parent peptide.
RESPONSE OF TISSUES TO SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION (1939)

1. The effects of nerve stimulation and of adrenaline administration have been studied on the auricle of the frog and the nictitating membrane, gut, and blood‐pressure of the cat. 2. The summation effects observed with stimulation at varying frequencies can be explained on the assumptions that a mediator is liberated, that it is destroyed in the tissues and that the course of destruction approximates to that of a monomolecular reaction. 3. The shortest time for half‐destruction calculated is 5 secs. 4. The durations of the responses to nerve stimulation indicates longer times for half‐destruction than those calculated from the sum‐mation of stimuli at varying frequencies. Lag in the response of the tissue is likely to affect duration more than summation, and hence the times calculated from summation experiments are regarded as the more probable. The expenses of this research were defrayed by a grant from the Moray Fund of the University of Edinburgh, and one of the authors (J. R.) is in receipt of a grant from Messrs. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. We desire to express our thanks for this help.
10 Gb/s operation of a multiwavelength buffer architecture employing a monolithically integrated all-optical interferometric Michelson wavelength converter (1996)

Optical cell buffering at 10 Gb/s is accomplished with a new simple multiwavelength fiber loop memory technique. The architecture uses wavelength converters to select the cell delay and in the experiment wavelength conversion is obtained by use of a monolithically integrated Michelson interferometer employing semiconductor optical amplifiers.
Making data structures confluently persistent (2001)

We address a longstanding open problem of [8, 7], and present a general transformation that takes any data structure and transforms it to a confluently persistent data structure. We model this general problem using the concepts of a version DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) and an instantiation of a version DAG. We introduce the concept of the effective depth of a vertex in the version DAG and use it to derive information theoretic lower bounds on the space expansion of any such transformation for this DAG. We then give a confluently persistent data structure, such that for any version DAG, the time slowdown and space expansion match the information theoretic lower bounds to within a factor of O(log2(¦V¦)).
Antibacterial activity of pisiferic acid and its derivatives against gram-negative and -positive becteria. (1988)

Derivatives of pisiferic acid (2), an antibiotic found in Chamaecyparis pisifera var. plumosa, were tested for antibacterial activities against Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. As structural factors for the activities, the C-10 COOH and/or C-12 OH were estimated to be the most important factors. In the mode of action of the pisiferic acid species on the bacterial macromolecule, peptidoglycan synthesis was predominantly inhibited in B. subtilis, while nonspecific inhibition was observed in P. vulgaris.
An evaluation of the first year experience from the mature students' perspective; a multi-institutional comparison (2007)

This study investigates the experiences of mature students across three higher education institutions in the UK. The issues arising are of relevance to academics who are involved in widening participation and in evaluating support in their own\nprogrammes for the diversity of students. The sample includes mature students from programmes in Health, where mature students form a majority, and in Business, where mature students formed a minority. Focus groups were used\nto gain access to student perspectives on expectations, motivations, sacrifices, transitions, induction, programmes and assessment. The findings include misleading information that did not acknowledge the particular concerns and\nneeds of mature students, induction processes that were not experienced as inclusive by mature students, and varying experiences of support but overall the institutional context was significant.
The Relationship between Learning Style and Quantitative/Qualitative Information Recall Performance (2006)

This study examined the ability of individuals to recall qualitative or quantitative information contained in reading passages. The subjects’ scores on the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (KLSI) were analyzed to determine if an individual’s learning style preference affected his/her information recall performance. Demographic variables, including age, sex, grade level, employment status and length, and ethnicity were also included in the analysis. One-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to test two proposed hypotheses. Results indicated that there was significant relationship between individuals learning styles and their ability to recall qualitative information. However, for the quantitative information the results were inconclusive. Regression analysis also indicated that there was a significant relationship between the type of information recalled and recall performance. In addition to information type (qualitative/quantitative), the abstract-to-concrete AC-CE dimension score of the KLSI was also found to have significant impact on information recall performance.
Intrapartum Assessment of Fetal Well-being (1997)

In Brief Objective To determine whether the need for fetal scalp pH sampling is decreased by the scalp stimulation test and whether redefinition of reactivity and presence of variability further decrease the need for scalp pH sampling. Methods One hundred eight women with fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns suggestive of acidosis underwent fetal scalp blood pH evaluations. Digital scalp stimulation was performed for 15 seconds 1–2 minutes before pH sampling. The study group was subdivided based on reactivity to scalp stimulation and scalp puncture and was correlated with pH values. Reactivity was defined as an acceleration of 15 beats per minute or more lasting at least 15 seconds and redefined as an acceleration of 10 beats per minute or more lasting at least 10 seconds. Nonreactive responses were subdivided based on FHR variability preceding the scalp stimulation and were correlated with pH values. Fisher exact test was used for analysis. Results All 51 instances of acceleration of 15 beats per minute or more lasting at least 15 seconds following scalp stimulation had a scalp pH of 7.20 or more. Using an acceleration of 10 beats per minute or more lasting at least 10 seconds, seven more reactive responses were obtained after scalp stimulation, all with pH of 7.20 or more. The 15 instances in which the pH was less than 7.20 were nonreactive irrespective of the definition of reactivity (P < .001). Twenty-one of the 50 instances of nonreactive responses (reactive response: acceleration of 10 beats per minute or more lasting at least 10 seconds) had positive variability. Only two of these 21 (9.5%) instances compared to 13 of the 29 (45%) instances with negative variability had pH less than 7.20 (P < .007). Conclusions The scalp stimulation test could decrease the need for fetal scalp blood sampling by 47%. Redefinition of reactivity could decrease the need for scalp sampling by 54%. In addition, assessment of FHR variability before scalp stimulation could decrease further the need for scalp blood sampling by 73%. In suspected intrapartum fetal acidosis, a redefinition of reactivity after scalp stimulation test and assessment of variability decreases the need for fetal scalp pH blood sampling.
Neutral beam oxidation for oxide-based nanodevice (2016)

In this paper, we show a low temperature neutral beam oxidation process to obtain a high quality metallic oxide film. After irradiation of a Ta metal film with a neutral oxygen beam, a nm-thick Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> film with a high film density was obtained, and a fabricated Cu/Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> /Pt resistive memory (ReRAM) structure showed a bipolar resistive switching characteristic. In addition, after the deposition of a 1-nm-thick Al film on a Ge substrate, the simultaneous oxidation of Al and Ge was carried out at 300 °C, and a fabricated Au/AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /GeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Ge/Al MOS gate structure showed a C-V characteristic. These results demonstrate the great potential of neutral beam oxidation for the development oxide-based nanodevices.
Incidence of Antibodies Blocking Thyrotropin Effect<i>In Vitro</i>in Patients with Euthyroid or Hypothyroid Autoimmune Thyroiditis* (1990)

Autoantibodies blocking the TSH-dependent production of cAMP in thyroid cells (TSH-BAb) have been described in atrophic thyroiditis (AT; idiopathic myxedema) and in neonates with transient hypothyroidism, but their incidence in autoimmune thyroiditis in relation to thyroid status remains to be completely established. To this purpose TSH-BAb were evaluated in a group of 140 consecutive patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, which included 26 cases of AT and 114 subjects with goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT); among the goitrous group 27 were euthyroid (HT-E), 32 had subclinical hypothyroidism (HT-SH), and 55 had clinical hypothyroidism (HT-H). TSH-BAb were measured in immunoglobulin G prepared by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 by determining their ability to inhibit TSH-dependent cAMP production in a differentiated strain of cultured rat thyroid cells (FRTL-5). Using this sensitive and reproducible method, TSH-BAb were detected in 12 of 26 (46%) patients with AT, in 1 of 27 (3.7%) subjects with HT-E, in 3 of 32 (9.4%) with HT-SH, and in 20 of 55 (36%) with HT-H. The prevalence of TSH-BAb was higher in AT vs. HT-H (P less than 0.001), HT-SH (P less than 0.001), or HT-E (P less than 0.001), and in HT-H vs. HT-SH (P less than 0.001) or HT-E (P less than 0.001). Mean TSH-BAb levels in AT were higher than those in HT-H (P less than 0.005) and HT-SH (P less than 0.025); the difference was not significant between HT-H and HT-SH. An inverse correlation was found between TSH-BAb levels and estimated goiter weight (P less than 0.005). The results of the present study indicate that 1) in autoimmune thyroiditis TSH-BAb are detectable almost exclusively in hypothyroid patients, their prevalence being higher in overt hypothyroidism than in subclinical thyroid failure; 2) the prevalence of TSH-BAb and their mean levels are higher in hypothyroid patients with AT than in those with HT; and 3) therefore, the presence of circulating TSH-BAb appears to be related to the development of hypothyroidism and thyroid atrophy.
Halogenation. Unit Processes Review (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHalogenation. Unit Processes ReviewLeo R. Belohlav and Earl T. McBeeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1961, 53, 12, 1015–1019Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50624a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (646 KB) Get e-Alerts
CdSe Nano-tetrapods:  Controllable Synthesis, Structure Analysis, and Electronic and Optical Properties (2005)

Tetrapod-shaped CdSe nanocrystals have been successfully synthesized in high yields using a simple method of controlling the protonic acidity of the reaction system. A possible growth mechanism is discussed on the basis of the surface modification of H+ present. The crystal structure of CdSe tetrapods is determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis to have a zinc blende core at the center with four wurtzite arms growing out from the core along four [111] directions. The electronic structure of CdSe tetrapods is studied theoretically in comparison with that of spherical dots.