gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct ferroelectric smectic liquid crystals consisting of banana shaped achiral molecules (1996)

The synthesis of a banana-shaped molecule is reported and it is found that the smectic phase which it forms is biaxial with the molecules packed in the best direction into a layer. Because of this characteristic packing, spontaneous polarization appears parallel to the layer and switches on reversal of an applied electric field. This is the first obvious example of ferroelectricity in an achiral smectic phase and is ascribed to the C2v symmetry of the molecular packing.
Analysis And Simplifications Of Discrete Event Systems And Jackson Queueing Networks. (1976)

This dissertation contians studies in two related areas: Discrete Event Systems Theory and Queueing Network Theory. In the first line of study, deterministic discrete event systems are modeled by formal automata- like structures, and a hierarchy of morphic relations among them is developed. A canonical representation of stochastic discrete event systems in coordinate probability space is proposed, and a hierarchy of morphic relations among them is constructed by means of measure preserving transformations. In the second line of study, several operating characteristics of the class of Jackson queueing networks are investiaged. Included are: line sizes (network state), total service awarded to customers, and traffic processes on the arcs. Special emphasis is placed on rigorous derivations of results from solid mathematical and statistical foundations. In the process, a number of theoretical gaps in the extant theory of state equilibrium are closed, and Burke's Theorem is extended from M/M/1 queues to Jackson networks with single server nodes.
Thermal Contraction of β‐Eucryptite‐. (Li <sub>2</sub> O.Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> .2SiO <sub>2</sub> ) by X‐Ray and Dilatometer Methods (1959)

The axial thermal‐expansion coefficients of β‐eucryptite have been measured and correlated with the volume expansion of an aggregate measured dilatometrically. A mechanical analogy to the structure of β‐eucryptite is suggested which may explain the pronounced thermal contraction in the c direction.
Anti Anti Trust (2017)

Antitrust law is the law of the land, safely ensconced in our legal traditions. The present paper argues not for the reform of this policy, but for its complete elimination. We do so on economic and deontological grounds.
Cascade solar-cell design for high-temperature operation (1980)

The cascade solar-cell optimization design procedure developed using computer modeling to obtain a cell design that results in maximum conversion efficiency under a given set of operating conditions has been extended. Earlier work reported optimized designs for operation at 300 K, AM0, and AM1.5. In this work, optimized designs are determined for a two-junction, monolithic, cascade solar cell for operation at eight temperatures in the range from 300 to 475 K, AM1.0, and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> -cm . s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> surface-recombination velocity. The device performance characteristics for each of the eight optimized designs are studied over the 300 to 600 K operating-temperature range.
Impetigo - review (2014)

Impetigo is a common cutaneous infection that is especially prevalent in children. Historically, impetigo is caused by either group A β-hemolytic streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus. Currently, the most frequently isolated pathogen is S. aureus. This article discusses the microbiologic and virulence factors of group A β-hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus, clinical characteristics, complications, as well as the approach to diagnosis and management of impetigo. Topical agents for impetigo therapy are reviewed.
Selective nucleation in silicon moulds for diamond MEMS fabrication (2009)

International audience
Behavior-Based Malware Detection on Mobile Phone (2010)

Mobile malware is rapidly developing, but current anti-virus products in mobile devices still use the signature-based solutions, which usually need a large database and cannot detect malware variants. In this paper, we proposed a behavior-based malware detection system for Windows Mobile platform called WMMD (Windows Mobile Malware Detection system). WMMD uses API interception techniques to dynamic analyze application's behavior and compare it with malicious behavior characteristics library using model checking. The experiment results show that WMMD can effectively detect the obfuscated or packed malware variants that cannot be detected by other main stream anti-virus products.
Learning the PE Header, Malware Detection with Minimal Domain Knowledge (2017)

Many efforts have been made to use various forms of domain knowledge in malware detection. Currently there exist two common approaches to malware detection without domain knowledge, namely byte n-grams and strings. In this work we explore the feasibility of applying neural networks to malware detection and feature learning. We do this by restricting ourselves to a minimal amount of domain knowledge in order to extract a portion of the Portable Executable (PE) header. By doing this we show that neural networks can learn from raw bytes without explicit feature construction, and perform even better than a domain knowledge approach that parses the PE header into explicit features.
JavaTutor (2015)

Introductory computer science courses cultivate the next generation of computer scientists. The impressions students take away from these courses are crucial, setting the tone for the rest of the students' computer science education. It is known that students struggle with many concepts central to computer science, struggles that could be alleviated in part through hands-on practice and individualized instruction. However, even the best existing instructional practices do not facilitate individualized hands-on support for students at large. We have built JavaTutor, an intelligent tutoring system for introductory computer science, which works alongside students to support them through both cognitive (skills and knowledge) and affective (emotion-based) feedback. JavaTutor aims to make advances in interactive, scalable student support. JavaTutor's behaviors were developed within a novel framework that leverages machine learning to acquire tutorial strategies from data collected within tutorial sessions between novice students and experienced human tutors. This demo presents an overview of the data-driven development of JavaTutor and shows how JavaTutor assesses and responds to students' contextualized needs. It is hoped that JavaTutor will help to usher in a new generation of tutorial systems for computer science education that adapt to individual students based not only on incoming student knowledge, but on a broad range of other student characteristics.
An N-rich metal–organic framework with an rht topology: high CO2 and C2 hydrocarbons uptake and selective capture from CH4 (2014)

We report the storage capacities and separation selectivity of an rht-type s-heptazine-based metal organic framework (MOF), [Cu3(TDPAH)(H2O)3]·13H2O·8DMA, 1, (where TDPAH is 2,5,8-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-s-heptazine and DMA is N,N-dimethylacetamide) for C2 hydrocarbons and CO2 over CH4. MOF 1 displays the highest C2H2/CH4 selectivity of 80.9 as well as record high C2H4 and C2H6 adsorption enthalpies. Theoretical calculations reveal that s-heptazine and NH groups within the framework have synergistic effects on CO2 binding.
Variation and Pearson correlation coefficients of Warner-Bratzler shear force measurements within broiler breast fillets (2008)

Measurements of texture properties related to tenderness at different locations within deboned broiler breast fillets have been used to validate techniques for texture analysis and establish correlations between different texture evaluation methods. However, it has been demonstrated that meat texture can vary from location to location within individual muscles. The objective of our study was to investigate the intramuscular variation and Pearson correlation coefficients of Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear force measurements within early deboned broiler breast fillets and the effect of deboning time and cold storage on the variation and correlation coefficients. Broiler breast fillets were removed from carcasses early postmortem (2 h) and later postmortem (24 h). Storage treatments of the 2 h samples included 0 d, 7 d at 3 degrees C, 7 d at -20 degrees C, and 6 d at -20 degrees C plus 1 d at 3 degrees C. The WB shears of cooked fillets were measured using a TA-XTPlus Texture Analyzer and a TA-7 WB shear type blade. Our results showed that although the average WB shear force values differed within the 0-d, 2-h fillets, compared with the variation among the fillets within the treatment, the difference within a fillet is still evidently small. The Pearson correlation coefficients were significant between the locations; however, values of the correlation coefficients depended on the paired locations. Location differences in the WB shear values and the correlation coefficient values between them changed with deboning time and cold storage. These results demonstrate that the variation of WB shear force measurements is substantial within early deboned broiler breast fillets and the Pearson correlation coefficient values of the measurements vary among the locations. Both the variation and the Pearson correlation coefficients can be affected by postmortem aging time and storage. The differences in the means between the locations in early deboned breasts are much smaller than the variation among the fillets.
Automated Decision-Support Technologies for Prehospital Care of Trauma Casualties (2010)

Abstract : The military has long been interested in advanced decision-support capabilities for combat casualty care in which an automated computer algorithm processes available data and, through artificial intelligence, offers caregivers accurate information about the state of the casualty. However, two major obstacles have impeded these capabilities. First, routine vital signs have been speculated to be insensitive to prehospital major traumatic pathology. Second, there are numerous potential sources of decision-support failure, and it is not possible to investigate and address such potential limitations and demonstrate utility within the confines of a research laboratory. To address these obstacles, we retrospectively mined our trauma database consisting of vital signs and attribute data from 898 patients, and employed various signal-processing, artificial intelligence, and knowledge engineering technologies to develop an automated decision-support system. Our system for major hemorrhage diagnosis yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.80-0.90), with an 85% sensitivity and a 73% specificity, when retrospectively applied to the testing set of basic vital-sign data. In parallel, we developed a novel plug-and-play software/hardware system (termed APPRAISE) for automated, real-time data collection and prospective testing of decision-support algorithms in prehospital, clinical settings. Through simulations, we verified APPRAISE's real-time capability. Here, we summarize our technologies and findings in the development of an advanced medical system to reach the long-awaited goal of field deployment of automated decision support tools for the triage and diagnosis of trauma casualties.
Synthesis of some new thieno[3,4‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines and their <i>C</i>‐nucleosides (1993)

Abstract The synthesis of several new thieno[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidine C ‐nucleosides 5‐8 is described. The known 5‐ribosyl‐ated methyl 4‐(formylamino)thiophene‐3‐carboxylate key intermediate 20 was obtained as a mixture of anomers in significantly improved yield by condensation of the sugar 15 with methyl 4‐(formylamino)thio‐phene‐3‐carboxylate 19 in nitromethane at 60° in the presence of stannic chloride. Attempts to prepare the C‐7 ribosylated compound 21 β by direct condensation of the bicyclic base 10 with 15 gave instead the N‐1 ribosylated nucleoside 16 . The synthesis of the corresponding and previously unknown thieno[3,4‐ d ]pyrimi‐dine bases 12 and 13 is described along with stability studies on the 4‐methylthio derivative 12 . Preliminary biological studies indicate that adenosine analogue 7 is a potent growth inhibitor of several mammalian tumor cell lines.
A Novel Simple Assay System to Quantify the Percent HCV-RNA Levels of NS5A Y93H Mutant Strains and Y93 Wild-Type Strains Relative to the Total HCV-RNA Levels to Determine the Indication for Antiviral Therapy with NS5A Inhibitors (2014)

A novel assay system to quantify the percent RNA of Y93H mutant strains relative to the total HCV-RNA level was established. This system may be useful to determine the indication for treatment with NA5A inhibitors in patients with HCV.
Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) Augments Deficient Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) Connectivity in Mild Parkinson's Disease: fMRI Effects of Different Stimuli (2018)

Falls and balance difficulties remain a major source of morbidity in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and are stubbornly resistant to therapeutic interventions. The mechanisms of gait impairment in PD are incompletely understood but may involve changes in the Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) and its associated connections. We utilized fMRI to explore the modulation of PPN connectivity by Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) in healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 12) and PD subjects even without overt evidence of Freezing of Gait (FOG) while on medication (<i>n</i> = 23). We also investigated if the type of GVS stimuli (i.e., sinusoidal or stochastic) differentially affected connectivity. Approximate PPN regions were manually drawn on T1 weighted images and 58 other cortical and subcortical Regions of Interest (ROI) were obtained by automatic segmentation. All analyses were done in the native subject's space without spatial transformation to a common template. We first used Partial Least Squares (PLS) on a subject-by-subject basis to determine ROIs across subjects that covaried significantly with the voxels within the PPN ROI. We then performed functional connectivity analysis on the PPN-ROI connections. In control subjects, GVS did not have a significant effect on PPN connectivity. In PD subjects, baseline overall magnitude of PPN connectivity was negatively correlated with UPDRS scores (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Both noisy and sinusoidal GVS increased the overall magnitude of PPN connectivity (<i>p</i> = 6 × 10<sup>-5</sup>, 3 × 10<sup>-4</sup>, respectively) in PD, and increased connectivity with the left inferior parietal region, but had opposite effects on amygdala connectivity. Noisy stimuli selectively decreased connectivity with basal ganglia and cerebellar regions. Our results suggest that GVS can enhance deficient PPN connectivity seen in PD in a stimulus-dependent manner. This may provide a mechanism through which GVS assists balance in PD, and may provide a biomarker to develop individualized stimulus parameters.
Surgical Occlusion of the Lacrimal Drainage System (2008)

A large variety of surgical techniques to occlude the nasolacrimal drainage system exists. These vary significantly in terms of complexity and reversibility. Surgical occlusion should be used more often in patients with moderate or severe dry eye, which previously responded well to temporary occlusion with plugs.
Modeling Strategic Investment Decisions Under Sequential Technological Change (1995)

Strategic decisions to invest in new equipment are critical not only because of the large initial capital costs incurred but even more importantly because they affect future unit production costs, revenues, and the ability of the firm to perform operations that were not possible earlier. Thus these decisions determine the very competitiveness of the firm. Further, decisions regarding the choice of technology are very expensive to correct if incorrect decisions are identified. These decisions have become increasingly urgent and complex because the state of the art in technology is changing rapidly. However, many models available for evaluating these decisions are either too complex and inefficient or too restrictive in the number, types, and the way appearance of future technologies is modeled. This research attempts to relax some of these restrictions using forecast horizon procedures to model capital investment decisions where any number of technologies may appear in the future with purchase costs and revenues that may vary over time. The appearance of these future technologies are considered uncertain with probabilities that may also vary with time. However, we assume that the order in which they appear is sequential, much like the different generations of microchips for microcomputers. We develop a new approach using nonunique terminal rewards to solve a dynamic programming model of the problem by introducing “converse” difference functions and present an algorithm that is both simple and efficient. Despite the increase in state space from the use of “converse” functions, we show that the computational burden of the algorithm does not increase. Numerical examples are given to illustrate our algorithm. Sensitivity of the optimal decision to changes in probabilities, costs, and revenues are also discussed.
A hybrid liquid-crystal display with a small number of interconnections (1973)

A numerical display cell (nine digits of seven segments) with nematic liquid crystals can be driven in a dynamic or a static mode. The static mode combines a flicker-free display with optimum contrast, but it has the drawback of a large number of interconnections (63). This paper describes a method to reduce this number to only four: a 63-b buffer memory in the form of an I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L shift register is attached directly to the glass plate carrying the electrode pattern. The required transparent electrode patterns provided with metallized contacts are prepared by means of thin-film techniques.
Interrelation between Drop Size and Protein Adsorption at Various Emulsification Conditions (2003)

A systematic study of the dependence of mean drop diameter, d32, and protein adsorption, Γ, on (1) whey protein concentration and (2) hydrodynamic conditions during emulsification is performed with soybean-oil-in-water emulsions. We find experimentally and explain theoretically an interesting interplay between Γ and d32 in the studied systems: At low protein concentrations, the mean drop size is governed by a critical value of the protein adsorption, Γ*, which is a characteristic of the emulsifier and does not depend on the hydrodynamic conditions. On the other hand, at higher protein concentrations, Γ is determined by the initial protein concentration in the aqueous phase, , and by the mean drop size, d32, the latter being governed only by the hydrodynamic conditions. The theoretical model, developed to describe these relations, is verified by comparing its predictions with experimental results obtained at various protein concentrations, oil volume fractions, and hydrodynamic conditions. The model allows one to predict the dependence of various, technologically important quantities on the emulsification conditions.
Toxicity Analysis of Real Water Samples of Different Origin with ISFET Multibiosensor (2014)

Potentiometric multibiosensor with a number of immobilized enzymes as bioselective elements and the matrix of pH-sensitive field effect transistors as transducers was used to analyze toxicity of real water samples. To develop bioselective elements of multibiosensor, enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, urease, glucose oxidase, and three-enzyme system (invertase, mutarotase, glucose oxidase) were used. Series of experiments on toxic compounds determination in water samples of different origin were carried out. The obtained results were compared with those obtained by standard traditional methods (atomic absorption spectroscopy, thin-film chromatography, and atomic absorption analyzer of mercury). Correlation of the results obtained by multibiosensor and traditional methods was shown.
Stereochemistry of a cyclohexyllithium reagent. A case of higher configurational stability in strongly coordinating media (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of a cyclohexyllithium reagent. A case of higher configurational stability in strongly coordinating mediaHans J. Reich, Marco A. Medina, and Michael D. BoweCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 27, 11003–11004Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00053a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00053a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrochemical evidence of direct electrode reduction by a thermophilic Gram-positive bacterium, Thermincola ferriacetica (2009)

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices capable of converting chemical energy to electrical energy using bacteria as the catalysts. Mechanisms of microbial electron transfer to solid electrode surfaces are not well defined in most electrochemically-active microorganisms, particularly for Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we investigated the electrochemical characteristics of the Gram-positive, thermophilic bacterium Thermincola ferriacetica strain Z-0001. This organism was capable of transferring electrons from acetate to the anode of an MFC to generate an electric current. T. ferriacetica exhibited rapid recovery of current following medium exchanges, recovering to near-maximum current output in less than three hours. The recovery of electrons from acetate was 97% in air-cathode MFCs inoculated with T. ferriacetica. Further insights into the anode reduction by these biofilms were gained through cyclic voltammetry (CV). A continuous steady-state current was reached above −0.1 V vs.Ag/AgCl reference electrode in CV scans of an established T. ferriacetica biofilm. A catalytic wave with a midpoint potential consistently near −0.28 V indicated a continuous electron-transporting interface between the attached microbial biofilm and the electrode surface. Additionally, no significant peaks were observed when scanning cell-free spent medium from active MFCs. These data suggest that T. ferriacetica directly transfers electrons to an electrode through a mechanism that is tightly associated with the biofilm that forms on the electrode. This is the first mechanistic insight into how Gram-positive extracellular electron transfer might occur without the addition of soluble electron shuttling mediators. These mechanistic evaluations will be essential for the improvement and application of such biocatalysts in microbial fuel cells and other bioelectrochemical systems.