gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GC−Olfactometric Characterization of Aroma Volatiles from the Thermal Degradation of Thiamin in Model Orange Juice (2003)

Model orange juice solutions containing 0.024 mM thiamin hydrochloride were stored for up to 8 weeks at 35 degrees C in amber glass containers. Volatiles were evaluated, primarily, using gas chromatography (GC) with olfactometry but also with flame ionization detector, pulsed-flame photometer detector (PFPD) (sulfur specific), and MS detection. Both 2-methyl-3-furanthiol (MFT) and its dimer, bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide (MFT-MFT) were identified thus confirming that thiamin could serve as the precursor to these potent off-flavors in thermally degraded citrus juices. Thirteen aroma active components were observed. MFT and MFT-MFT were observed after only a few days storage, and produced 33% of the total aroma activity after 7 d storage. Both compounds were observed olfactometrically earlier than they could be detected using PFPD. Other aroma-active compounds included 4,5-dimethylthiazole (skunky, earthy), 3-thiophenethiol (meaty, cooked), 2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-thiophenone (sour-fruity, musty, green), 2-acethylthiophene (burnt), 2-formyl-5-methylthiophene (meaty), and 2-methyl-3-(methyldithio) furan (meaty).
Are quorums an alternative for data replication? (2003)

Data replication is playing an increasingly important role in the design of parallel information systems. In particular, the widespread use of cluster architectures often requires to replicate data for performance and availability reasons. However, maintaining the consistency of the different replicas is known to cause severe scalability problems. To address this limitation, quorums are often suggested as a way to reduce the overall overhead of replication. In this article, we analyze several quorum types in order to better understand their behavior in practice. The results obtained challenge many of the assumptions behind quorum based replication. Our evaluation indicates that the conventional read-one/write-all-available approach is the best choice for a large range of applications requiring data replication. We believe this is an important result for anybody developing code for computing clusters as the read-one/write-all-available strategy is much simpler to implement and more flexible than quorum-based approaches. In this article, we show that, in addition, it is also the best choice using a number of other selection criteria.
Feedback parallel interference cancellation system using turbo code (2002)

In this paper, a parallel interference cancellation system using turbo codes is proposed. In general, canceller systems suffer from errors in the initial decision and those errors cause performance degradation. We use turbo decoding in the initial decision in order to remove the errors. Moreover, we aim to improve the performance by feedback of the signal after cancellation. The proposed system has two types of feedback: iteration of the turbo decoder and feedback after cancellation. We evaluate the BER performance of the proposed system and the optimal number of both iterations and feedback. As a result of the computer simulation, the BER performance of the proposed system greatly improved and was superior to the conventional cancellation system.
Two mitochondrial matrix proteases act sequentially in the processing of mammalian matrix enzymes. (1988)

The imported precursors of the mammalian matrix enzymes malate dehydrogenase [(S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37] and ornithine transcarbamylase (carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3) are cleaved to their mature subunits in two steps, each catalyzed by matrix-localized processing proteases. The number and properties of these proteases are the subjects of this report. We have identified and characterized two distinct protease activities in a crude matrix fraction from rat liver: processing protease I, which cleaves these precursors to the corresponding intermediate form; and processing protease II, which cleaves the intermediate forms to mature subunits. Protease I is insensitive to chelation by EDTA and to inactivation with N-ethylmaleimide; protease II is inhibited by 5 mM EDTA and is inactivated by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide. We have prepared from mitochondrial matrix an 800-fold-enriched protease I fraction free of protease II activity by using the following steps: ion exchange, hydroxyapatite, molecular sieving, and hydrophobic chromatography. Using similar procedures, we also have prepared an approximately 2000-fold-enriched protease II fraction, which has a trace amount of contaminating protease I. This enriched protease II fraction has little or no cleavage activity toward mitochondrial precursors but rapidly and efficiently converts intermediate forms to mature size. Finally, we show that protease I alone is sufficient to cleave the precursor of a third nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein subunit--the beta subunit of propionyl-CoA carboxylase [propanoyl-CoA:carbon dioxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.3]--to its mature size.
Quinolizines. Part XIII. Rearrangement of quinolizinium-1-diazonium salts into v-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines (1970)

A number of 1-aminoquinolizinium salts undergo rearrangement when treated with aqueous nitrous acid to give first the cis-3-(v-triazolo[1,5-a]-pyridyl)acraldehydes; these are readily isomerized to the trans-isomers. The structure of one pair of isomers has been established by oxidation to 3-formyl-v-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (12) which has been synthesized. The n.m.r. spectra of the triazolopyridines, and the mechanism of the rearrangement are discussed.
A self-adapting healthcare information infrastructure using mobile computing devices (2004)

Despite recent improvements in the gathering and sharing of patient medical information among healthcare providers, there remains a gap in the electronic medical record infrastructure. Patient data is not available in some situations, either because the infrastructure is inaccessible (as in a natural disaster) or because there is no way to link the patient to the infrastructure (e.g., the patient cannot supply necessary identification information). We describe the Poket Doktor System, an architecture that allows an individual to carry personal electronic medical information on a wireless handheld device such as a smart card, cell phone, or PDA. Medical workers can obtain this information wirelessly using handheld devices, desktop computers, network access points, etc. In this way, patients play an active role in the medical information infrastructure, resulting in a better healthcare delivery system.
Vitamin D analogs modulate the action of gonadal steroids in human vascular cells in vitro (2000)

We have previously reported that estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) regulate cell growth in human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) and in an endothelial cell line (E304). In SMC both gonadal steroids stimulated DNA synthesis at low concentrations and suppressed 3[H] thymidine incorporation at high concentrations, whereas in E304 cells E2 and DHT dose dependently enhanced DNA synthesis. In both cell types gonadal steroids also induced the specific activity of creatine kinase BB (CK). Previous evidence suggets that the in vitro and in vivo CK responses to gonadal steroids in bone cells are upregulated by pretreatment with vitamin D analogs due to increased level of cellular estrogen receptors (ER). Here we analyzed the interaction of the vitamin D analogs hexafluorovitamin D (FL), JK-1624 F2-2 (JKF), and CB 1093 (CB) with gonadal steroids in regulating DNA synthesis and CK activity in human vascular cells in vitro. In E304 cells, daily treatment with FL, JKF, or CB (1 nmol/L for 3 days) increased DNA synthesis by 110 +/- 11%, 65 +/- 16%, and 88 +/- 23% respectively. In contrast, the same analogs inhibited 3[H] thymidine incorporation by 52 +/- 21%, 46 +/- 19%, and 50 +/- 10%, respectively, in SMC. In both cell types all three analogs increased CK by 25% to 75% and amplified the CK response to E2 and to DHT by twofold to threefold. In E304 cells the vitamin D analogs also increased DNA response to gonadal steroids from 50% to 60% to 200% to 280%. In SMC these analogs did not modify the DNA synthetic response to a low E2 concentration, but prevented the suppression of DNA synthesis exerted by high concentrations of E2 and DHT. Vitamin D inhibitors known to block cellular calcium mobilization, had no effect on the proliferative activity induced by vitamin D analogs. However, the inhibitor of the nuclear effects of vitamin D, ZK 159222, blocked the stimulatory effects of CB on DNA synthesis in E304 cells. Finally, both 1,25(OH)2 D3, and JKF decreased the expression of ERbeta proteins in SMC and increased the ERalpha isoform in E304 cells by 40% to 75%. The results indicate that vascular cells are targets for both vitamin D and gonadal steroid action and suggest a possible interaction between these hormones in the regulation of cell proliferation via modulation of vascular ER or interaction with proteins associated with ER.
Preparation of nanocrystalline ceria particles by sonochemical and microwave assisted heating methods (2002)

Nanocrystalline ceria (CeO2) particles have been successfully prepared via sonochemical and microwave assisted heating routes from aqueous solutions containing (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, hexamethylenetetramine and poly (ethylene glycol)-19000 (PEG). The products were characterized by techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller nitrogen adsorption and UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy. Analysis of the results showed that the products had uniform shape, narrow size distribution and displayed conspicuous quantum size effects.
A wide bandwidth, low noise xenon lamp ballast (2004)

This paper presents a low noise lamp ballast with a 10 kHz control bandwidth for a xenon lamp. The ballast features a universal 90 to 250 Volt, 50 to 60 Hz input. Power is delivered to a 750-Watt xenon lamp with 80 db attenuation of line frequency harmonics. The ballast provides a 38 kV ignition pulse to strike the lamp with lamp current regulated by the control loop. Lamp current is adjustable manually or from an external analog signal from 30 to 50 Amps. The power circuitry and loop design to achieve these goals are presented here.
Application and Usefulness of Enzyme Immunoassay for Diagnosis of Salmonella Typhimurium Infection (1980)

An enzyme immunoassay for serogroup specific immunological diagnosis of salmonella infections has been developed. Antigens representing salmonella O-antigens 4 (serogroup B) and 9 (serogroup D) were prepared by periodate oxidation of phenol-water extracted lipopolysaccharides from S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis respectively. Applied for seroepidemiological studies of S. typhimurium infections such chemically modified antigens showed a superior specificity compared to native lipopolysaccharides. The antibody titres against O-antigen 4 measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were detectable during the second week and increased during the first 3--4 weeks of S. typhimurium infection. High titres persisted for at least 2--3 months and in some cases for more than 3 years. For reliable serodiagnosis a significant increase of the titre between acute and convalescent samples is necessary . Determination of ratio between IgG and IgM antibody titres against the pathogen may, however, be used on single serum samples to indicate whether the observed antibody titre is of recent or longstanding origin.
Research In Steel (1952)

IT WILL NEVER BE FINISHED. Research in steel is necessarily a continuing activity, because it deals with a basic requirement of our modern civilization, and we must maintain our foundations in prime condition. Year after year, this capital goods industry must adjust its processes and products to keep in step with progress and meet the needs of the times. Only by determined searching and probing, leading to discovery and improvement, can steel be kept in position to serve so well the manifold purposes for which it should be fitted, either in the arts of peace or the rigors of National Defense. Such is the task of research.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 induces a cAMP-dependent increase of [Na<sup>+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>associated with insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells (2003)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) elevates the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and insulin secretion in a Na+-dependent manner. To investigate a possible role of Na ion in the action of GLP-1 on pancreatic islet cells, we measured the glucose-and GLP-1-induced intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i), [Ca2+]i, and insulin secretion in hamster islet cells in various concentrations of Na+. The [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i were monitored in islet cells loaded with sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate and fura 2, respectively. In the presence of 135 mM Na+ and 8 mM glucose, GLP-1 (10 nM) strongly increased the [Na+]i, [Ca2+]i, and insulin secretion. In the presence of 13.5 mM Na+, both glucose and GLP-1 increased neither the [Na+]i nor the [Ca2+]i. In a Na+-free medium, GLP-1 and glucose did not increase the [Na+]i. SQ-22536, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, and H-89, an inhibitor of PKA, incompletely inhibited the response. In the presence of both 8 mM glucose and H-89, 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP, a PKA-independent cAMP analog, increased the insulin secretion and the [Na+]i. Therefore, we conclude that GLP-1 increases the cAMP level via activation of adenylate cyclase, which augments the membrane Na+ permeability through PKA-dependent and PKA-independent mechanisms, thereby increasing the [Ca2+]i and promoting insulin secretion from hamster islet cells.
Comparative Study of the Endocrine-Disrupting Activity of Bisphenol A and 19 Related Compounds (2005)

The endocrine-disrupting activities of bisphenol A (BPA) and 19 related compounds were comparatively examined by means of different in vitro and in vivo reporter assays. BPA and some related compounds exhibited estrogenic activity in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, but there were remarkable differences in activity. Tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) showed the highest activity, followed by bisphenol B, BPA, and tetramethylbisphenol A (TMBPA); 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and 2,2-diphenylpropane showed little or no activity. Anti-estrogenic activity against 17beta-estradiol was observed with TMBPA and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). TCBPA, TBBPA, and BPA gave positive responses in the in vivo uterotrophic assay using ovariectomized mice. In contrast, BPA and some related compounds showed significant inhibitory effects on the androgenic activity of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone in mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3. TMBPA showed the highest antagonistic activity, followed by bisphenol AF, bisphenol AD, bisphenol B, and BPA. However, TBBPA, TCBPA, and 2,2-diphenylpropane were inactive. TBBPA, TCBPA, TMBPA, and 3,3'-dimethylbisphenol A exhibited significant thyroid hormonal activity towards rat pituitary cell line GH3, which releases growth hormone in a thyroid hormone-dependent manner. However, BPA and other derivatives did not show such activity. The results suggest that the 4-hydroxyl group of the A-phenyl ring and the B-phenyl ring of BPA derivatives are required for these hormonal activities, and substituents at the 3,5-positions of the phenyl rings and the bridging alkyl moiety markedly influence the activities.
Significance of telomerase expression in diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma (2006)

Objective
To evaluate the clinical significance of the combined quantitative detection of hTR of ovarian cancer.


Methods
Telomerase activity express of 20 cases of ovarian epithelial tumors were detected by RTQ-PCR.


Results
The telomerase activity rate of 20 ovarian epithelial tumors were higher than that of benign ovarian tumor and normal tissue(P<0.001).The result of telomerase was significantly different between clinical stage I~Ⅱ(197.10±28.20)and clinical stage Ⅲ~Ⅳ(347.14 ± 60.10)(P < 0.05)of these tumors.


Conclusion
The quantitative detection of hTR could help to diagnosis and reveal the prognosis of ovarian epithelial cancer.


Key words: 
ovarian cancer; telomerase; CA125; RTQ-PCR
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression escapes androgen regulation in prostate cancer: a potential molecular switch for tumour growth (2009)

Androgen deprivation therapy reduces prostate cancer (PCa) tumour growth; however, disease relapse often ensues independently of androgen stimulation, producing androgen-refractory tumours with increased invasion, proliferation, and malignancy. Androgens downregulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in normal prostate but not in PCa. Thus, loss of EGFR regulation and altered signalling may, in part, explain the transition of prostate tumours from androgen dependent to androgen independent. Studies in animal models, PCa cell lines, and tumour specimens suggest that androgens modulate prostate growth and function through mechanisms that involve 'cross-talk' between androgen receptor (AR) and growth factor receptor signalling pathways. The objective of this review is to discuss the paradoxical relationship between androgen regulation of EGFR in normal prostate and PCa. We reviewed the literature from mid-1980s through 2009 to assess the relationship between androgens and EGFR function in modulating the growth of normal prostate and PCa. Loss of androgen regulation of EGFR in PCa may be responsible for increased tumour growth, invasion, and metastasis, with important implications on the clinical management of PCa. We advance the hypothesis that a molecular switch, responsible for downregulating EGFR expression by androgens in the normal prostate, is either lost or modified in PCa.
Organic Thin-Film Capacitor (1969)

High..molecular-weight organic compounds (hereinafter designated simply as polymers) are widely used in the manufacture of miniature capacitors because of their excellent dielectric characteristics and suitability for molding and processing. These capacitors frequently use thin~film dielectrics made of polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate stretched films. On the other hand, examples of manufacturing techniques for making thin films of these materials for application in the field of microelectronics have been rare, and it appears that none has been developed to the stage of practical application. Polymers are essentially nonvolatile, and since they thermally decompose at a comparatively low temperature, existing thin-film techniques, 'which have been concerned mostly with inorganic materials, can not be readily applied. However, if appropriate thin-film fabrication techniques could be developed, the noncrystalline nature of these materials (and their basic long linear molecular structure that may be cross-linked) is considered extremely suitable for achieving excellent thin-film dielectric formations having few structural defects. A processing method has been developed for directly polymerizing and growing thin-film polymers on substrates by plasma reaction in a monomer atmosphere. Good results have already been realized in the production of thin-film cpacitors. In this paper, an outline of a new process for manufacturing thinfilm polymers, and the characteristics of thin-film organic dielectrics made by this process, are presented.
The Role of Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration in Management of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was very interested to read the expedited publication in the December 1989 issue of theArchivesby Sergott et al<sup>1</sup>claiming that surgical optic nerve sheath decompression improved visual function in patients with "progressive" nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION). They hypothesized that in NA-AION, "progressive visual loss after the initial ischemic event could be due to interference with rapid axoplasmic transport produced by [cerebrospinal fluid] CSF pressure within the anatomically restricted confines of the perineural optic nerve space. Drainage of the CSF might allow recovery of fast axoplasmic transport with subsequent improvement in vision." This theory raises some very important issues that need comment before they are accepted as scientifically valid concepts. My comments are based on the following: (1) my prospective studies on NA-AION in more than 600 patients; (2) my studies of the blood supply of the optic nerve head for the
p75 Neurotrophin Receptor-mediated Neuronal Death Is Promoted by Bcl-2 and Prevented by Bcl-xL (1999)

The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has been shown to mediate neuronal death through an unknown pathway. We microinjected p75NTR expression plasmids into sensory neurons in the presence of growth factors and assessed the effect of the expressed proteins on cell survival. We show that, unlike other members of the TNFR family, p75NTR signals death through a unique caspase-dependent death pathway that does not involve the "death domain" and is differentially regulated by Bcl-2 family members: the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 both promoted, and was required for, p75NTR killing, whereas killing was inhibited by its homologue Bcl-xL. These results demonstrate that Bcl-2, through distinct molecular mechanisms, either promotes or inhibits neuronal death depending on the nature of the death stimulus.
An Analog Front-End for a Multifunction Sensor Employing a Weak-Inversion Biasing Technique With 26 nVrms, 25 aCrms, and 19 fArms Input-Referred Noise (2016)

An analog front-end (AFE) for a multifunction environmental sensor is proposed. The AFE is designed to be able to sense 1 μV, 1 fC, and 1 pA level signals in a low-frequency band around DC, and consists of an instrumentation amplifier (IA), a charge amplifier (CA), and a continuous time delta-sigma (CTΔΣ) ADC. To reduce the low-frequency noise of operational amplifier (OPAMP) which is used for signal path, this paper proposes a weak-inversion biasing technique. The designed IA achieved 26 nVrms input-referred noise (IRN) in the band of 0.1-10 Hz with 0.22 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die area. The designed CA achieved 25 aCrms IRN in charge sensing mode and 19 fArms IRN in current sensing mode in the band of 0.01-1 Hz, respectively, and occupies 0.12 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die area. The AFE has been fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with 4.5 mm2 die area. The current consumption at 2.56 kHz output data rate (ODR) is 2.5 mA, reducing to 2 μA at 0.01 Hz ODR.