gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Crystal Structure of the Chemokine Domain of Fractalkine Shows a Novel Quaternary Arrangement (2000)

Fractalkine, or neurotactin, is a chemokine that is present in endothelial cells from several tissues, including brain, liver, and kidney. It is the only member of the CX(3)C class of chemokines. Fractalkine contains a chemokine domain (CDF) attached to a membrane-spanning domain via a mucin-like stalk. However, fractalkine can also be proteolytically cleaved from its membrane-spanning domain to release a freely diffusible form. Fractalkine attracts and immobilizes leukocytes by binding to its receptor, CX(3)CR1. The x-ray crystal structure of CDF has been solved and refined to 2.0 A resolution. The CDF monomers form a dimer through an intermolecular beta-sheet. This interaction is somewhat similar to that seen in other dimeric CC chemokine crystal structures. However, the displacement of the first disulfide in CDF causes the dimer to assume a more compact quaternary structure relative to CC chemokines, which is unique to CX(3)C chemokines. Although fractalkine can bind to heparin in vitro, as shown by comparison of electrostatic surface plots with other chemokines and by heparin chromatography, the role of this property in vivo is not well understood.
An experimental study of the remote location of lightning flashes using a VLF arrival time difference technique (1986)

Abstract The operational ‘cathode ray direction finding’ (CRDF) network for the location of lightning flashes at ranges up to thousands of kilometres can be replaced by a system using the ‘arrival time difference’ (ATD) technique. The ATD technique has theoretical advantages over CRDF, which could lead to substantially improved flash location, but the extent to which it suffers from certain propagation effects in practice must be quantified. In an experiment using the ATD technique, equipments were deployed in the U.K. and Gibraltar. These captured the vertical electric field of VLF electromagnetic radiation from individual lightning flashes, synchronized to CRDF‐selected flashes and recorded against an accurate timebase. By analysing the data using techniques analogous to those of hyperbolic navigation, the flash location was inferred, together with a measure of the data consistency. ATD location of independent flashes observed in time proximity frequently gave the tight grouping expected from an isolated active thunderstorm cell. Groups of diameter 2–10 km were observed at megametre ranges. ATD flash locations were compared with CRDF and other meteorological data. Positioning agreed within the limited accuracy of current techniques, but the CRDF system's potential for poor accuracy was highlighted. An analysis method was developed relating the internal consistency of the ATD flash data to geographical location accuracy, and ATD accuracy of less than 5 μs was measured experimentally. On this basis, an ATD system can locate flashes over a synoptic‐scale area with errors comparable with a storm cell diameter.
Effect of an Ozone-Generating Air-Purifying Device on Reducing Concentrations of Formaldehyde in Air (1994)

Abstract Formaldehyde, an air contaminant found in many indoor air investigations, poses distinct occupational exposure hazards in certain job categories (e.g., mortuary science) but is also of concern when found or suspected in office buildings and homes. A variety of air-purifying devices (APDs) are currently available or marketed for application to reduce or remove concentrations of a variety of indoor air pollutants through the use of ozone as a chemical oxidant. An investigation was conducted to determine if concentrations of formaldehyde similar to those found in industrial hygiene evaluations of funeral homes could be reduced with the use of an ozone-generating APD. An ozone-generating APD was placed in an exposure chamber and formaldehyde-containing embalming solution was allowed to evaporate naturally, creating peak and mean chamber concentrations of 2.5 and 1.3 ppm, respectively. Three 90-minute evaluations were conducted to establish a change in concentration for formaldehyde generated in the chamber. To ensure air mixing, a fan on the APD was allowed to run but the ozone-generating electrostatic plates were removed. After baseline concentration curves for formaldehyde were determined, the electrostatic plates were installed in the APD and the reproducibility of static concentrations of approximately 0.5 ppm ozone was evaluated. In a third evaluation, ozone was introduced into the chamber when formaldehyde was present at peak concentrations of 2.5 ppm. Continuous-reading instruments were used to sample for formaldehyde and ozone. Active sampling methods were also used to sample simultaneously for formaldehyde and a possible reactant product, formic acid. Triplicate measurements were made in each of three evaluations: formaldehyde alone, ozone alone, and formaldehyde and ozone combined. Concentrations of formaldehyde were virtually identical with and without 0.5 ppm ozone. No reduction in formaldehyde concentration was found during a 90-minute evaluation using ozone at this concentration with peak and average concentrations of approximately 2.5 and 1.3 ppm formaldehyde, respectively. The results of this investigation suggest that the use of ozone is ineffective in reducing concentrations of formaldehyde. Because ozone has demonstrated health hazards, and is a regulated air contaminant in both the occupational and ambient environment, the use of ozone as an air purification agent in indoor air does not seem warranted.
Lipophilicity Measurement of Drugs by Reversed Phase HPLC over Wide pH Range Using an Alkaline-Resistant Silica-Based Stationary Phase, XBridgeTM Shield RP18 (2008)

We propose a reversed phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) with an alkaline-resistant silica-based stationary phase, XBridge Shield RP(18), for the determination of the lipophilicity of drugs with diverse chemical nature ranging from acidic to basic. A set of 40 model compounds with well-defined solvatochromic parameters was selected to allow a broad distribution of structural properties. The chromatographic results showed that the lipophilicity index log k(w) obtained with XBridge Shield RP(18) was well correlated with experimental log P(oct) values (r(2)=0.96). Linear solvation free-energy relationship (LSER) analyses revealed that the retention mechanism of the stationary phase and 1-octanol/water partitioning were controlled by almost the same balance of intermolecular forces (hydrophobicity as expressed by the van der Waals volume V(w), H-bond acceptor basicity beta, and dipolarity/polarizability pi*). The results showed that XBridge Shield RP(18) phase overcomes the shortcomings of the silica-based stationary phases, the application of which to lipophilicity measurements had been limited to neutral and acidic compounds.
Recent advances in the development of no-flow underfill encapsulants-a practical approach towards the actual manufacturing application (1999)

No-flow underfill technology has been proven to have potential advantages over the conventional underfill technology, and a no-flow underfill material (called G25) has been developed and reported in our prior papers. In this paper, two modified no-flow underfill materials are studied. Compared to the G25 no-flow underfill material, these two materials can be fully post-cured at the temperature below 170/spl deg/C. These two materials also exhibit lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), lower moisture absorption, better adhesion, and more fluxing stability. In this study, a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to study the curing kinetics and glass transition temperature (DSC Tg) of the two materials. Thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA) is used to investigate the heat distortion temperature (TMA Tg) and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Dynamic-mechanical analyzer (DMA) is used to measure the storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E") within the temperature range from 25/spl deg/C to 250/spl deg/C and then estimate the cross-linking density (p) of the cured material system. Rheometer is used to investigate the material viscosity. Die shear testing is conducted to investigate the adhesive strength between the cured underfill material and polyimide passivation layer. Surface mount technology (SMT) reflow oven, quartz chips and copper laminated FR4 substrates are used to in-situ test the processability of the two materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the integrity of the reflowed solder interconnects. A potential approach toward the production application of no-flow underfill material is then proposed.
Stammzellen aus Nabelschnurblut – Chance oder Geschäft mit der Angst? (2006)

Die Entnahme von Plazentarestblut zur allogenen Stammzell-Transplantation ist ein mittlerweile etabliertes Verfahren zur Behandlung hämato-onkologischer Erkrankungen. Plazentarestblut hat die höchste Konzentration an potenten Stammzellen, ist unbegrenzt verfügbar, einfach und risikolos zu entnehmen und sicher zu lagern. Darüber hinaus enthält es junge, immunologisch unreife Zellen und ist selbst bei Gewebeunverträglichkeiten verwendbar.
AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC operating at 40 GHz (2002)

The operation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC in the Ka-band is analyzed with respect to the achievable output power between 35 GHz and 40 GHz. 150 nm gate length AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are investigated by active load-pull measurements. Further, small-signal and noise analysis are performed with regard to the use at Ka-band and robust receiver applications.
Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia with Ganciclovir and Intravenous Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin in Patients with Bone Marrow Transplants (1988)

Survival of 13 (52%) of 25 patients from the initial episode of cytomegalovirus pneumonia with the regimen of ganciclovir and cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin is significantly better (P less than 0.001) than the survival of 13 of 89 (15%) patients using previous antiviral regimens.
UWB Fast-Hopping Frequency Generation Based on Sub-Harmonic Injection Locking (2008)

Sub-harmonic injection locking is employed to generate the fast-hopping carriers required in UWB systems for WiMedia . A very small area 90-nm CMOS prototype synthesizes the frequencies of band group #6 with a hop time shorter than 4 ns . It occupies 0.074 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and draws 30 mA from a 1.2 V supply. Phase noise at 8.71 GHz is -112 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The design is supported by a thorough analysis that emphasizes the tradeoffs in the parameters of the proposed system.
From aspect-oriented requirements models to aspect-oriented business process design models (2011)

Aspect-oriented approaches are available for various phases of software development such as requirements analysis, design, and implementation. Yet, moving from one phase to the next with aspects remains a challenge seldom studied. In this paper, we present an iterative, concern-driven software engineering approachbased on a tool-supported, semi-automatic transformation of scenario-based, aspect-oriented requirements models into aspect-oriented business process design models. This approach is realized by a mapping from Aspect-oriented Use Case Maps (AoUCM) to Adore business process models, allowing for the continued encapsulation of requirements-level concerns in design-level artifacts. Problems detected during the design phase can be rectified in the requirements models via several feedback loops that support iterative model development. We discuss the transformation process and illustrate, as proof-of-concept, our contribution on the PicWeb case study, a SOA-based implementation of business processes for pictures management.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of (S)‐Propranolol by the Cyclic Sulfite Route. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Investigations into the physiological role of the human low molecular weight phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase (1997)

Recombinant human low molecular weight phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase isoenzymes (HCPTP-A and HCPTP-B) were expressed in high yield and purified to homogeneity from a T7-polymerase Escherichia coli expression system. The purified enzyme was used to generate monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Antibody epitopes were determined for two isoenzyme-specific monoclonal antibodies. Polyclonal antibodies were characterized and used in indirect immunofluorescence localization studies. Loss of the enzyme upon fixation of the cells confirmed the soluble nature of the enzyme in vivo and suggested a mostly cytoplasmic localization of the enzyme during basal cellular growth. Kinetic studies were conducted using various phosphopeptide substrates to determine second-order rate constants with each isoenzme. HCPTP-A was more efficient in the hydrolysis of all peptide substrates tested except for one that contained three consecutive phosphorylated tyrosines. Such studies also showed that both isoenzymes were more specific for the hydrolysis of FMN than for phosphopeptides. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to individually mutate the tyrosine residues in HCPTP-A to phenylalanine. These mutants were used to determine the sites of phosphorylation by specific protein tyrosine kinases. Using proteolytic peptide maps, we determined the phosphorylation sites of the enzyme by Src, Syk, Elk, and Flk kinases. The effect of phosphorylation on enzymatic activity was also explored.
Transfusion studies in rheumatoid arthritis (1961)

Abstract A series of transfusion studies has been performed, in which either plasma or plasma together with peripheral leukocytes has been transfused from patients with rheumatoid arthritis into non‐rheu‐matoid recipients. The donors of the plasma and leukocytes all had very high levels of rheumatoid agglutinating activity. There was no indication in these studies that transfusion of the rheumatoid factor complex has had ability to produce disease in the recipients; at least under the conditions of these experiments. In a two to three year follow‐up after these transfusions, there was still no evidence of development of disease in the recipients.
Devices for Controlling Amplitude Characteristics of Telephonic Signals* (1938)

This paper describes a family of devices which automatically respond to signals and control the circuit amplification in such a way as to improve transmission. Their general characteristics are outlined, their differences explained, and some of their applications are listed.
Critical Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Shaping NK Cell Functions: Implication of Hypoxic Stress (2015)

Blurring the boundary between innate and adaptive immune system, natural killer (NK) cells, a key component of the innate immunity, are recognized as potent anticancer mediators. Extensive studies have been detailed on how NK cells get activated and recognize cancer cells. In contrast, few studies have been focused on how tumor microenvironment-mediated immunosubversion and immunoselection of tumor-resistant variants may impair NK cell function. Accumulating evidences indicate that several cell subsets (macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressive cells, T regulatory cells, dendritic cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and tumor cells), their secreted factors, as well as metabolic components (i.e., hypoxia) have immunosuppressive roles in the tumor microenvironment and are able to condition NK cells to become anergic. In this review, we will describe how NK cells react with different stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. This will be followed by a discussion on the role of hypoxic stress in the regulation of NK cell functions. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of how the tumor microenvironment impairs NK cell functions, thereby limiting the use of NK cell-based therapy, and we will attempt to suggest more efficient tools to establish a more favorable tumor microenvironment to boost NK cell cytotoxicity and control tumor progression.
An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion of real and virtual environments (2002)

In a mixed reality system, mutual occlusion of real and virtual environments enhances the user's feeling that virtual objects truly exist in the real world. However, conventional optical see-through displays cannot present mutual occlusion correctly since the synthetic objects always appear as semi-transparent ghosts floating in front of the real scene. In this paper, we propose a novel display design that attacks this well-known unsettled problem. Our optical see-through display with mutual occlusion capability has the following advantages: (1) since the light-blocking mechanism is embedded in the display and no additional setting is needed, it can be used anywhere, e.g. outdoors; (2) since incoming light can easily be cut off in any situation, virtual images keep their original intended colors, e.g. black; (3) since the light-blocking mechanism is separated from the display for color graphics, most existing see-through displays can be employed. We also describe our prototype display, which has confirmed the effectiveness of the approach.
Amino Acids. VI. Preparation and Chemistry of ι-Carbalkoxyalkyl Isothiocyanates (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino Acids. VI. Preparation and Chemistry of ι-Carbalkoxyalkyl IsothiocyanatesD. L. Garmaise, R. Schwartz, and A. F. McKayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 13, 3332–3334Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01546a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01546a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views557Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alteration of caspase-3 (CPP32/Yama/apopain) in wild-type MCF-7, breast cancer cells. (1999)

Caspase-3 (CPP32/Yama/apopain), one of the interleukin 1 -converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteases (caspases), is anticipated to mediate apoptotic cell death. We observed the expression of caspase-3 in various cancer cell lines and lack of normal expression of mRNA and protein in MCF-7, human breast carcinoma cell line. Sequence analysis of cDNA showed 125 nucleotides deletion in spite of no gross gene alteration of caspase-3 in MCF-7. The possible cause is altered splicing of the fragment followed by frame shift at translation level. MCF-7 cells are widely used in the research of apoptosis because of the high sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor induced cell death. However, our results suggest the existence of other apoptotic pathways independent on caspase-3 at least in MCF-7 cells.
Efficient modeling techniques for dynamic voltage drop analysis (2007)

Since the IC technology scales down the effect of voltage drop/ground bounce becomes increasingly significant. Voltage drop and ground bounce can compromise the gate driving capability and degrade the IC performance, and even can cause IC functional failures. Hence, it is crucial to capture this effect efficiently and accurately in order to improve circuit reliability. in this paper, we propose efficient modeling techniques for analyzing power distribution in deep sub micron (DSM) ASIC designs. Current Source-based Model (CSM) and Voltage Controlled Resistor (VCR) are the key concepts in our approach. A basic prerequisite for the new approach are CMOS standard libraries that are pre-characterized with respect to the corresponding modeling requirements. This paper also presents an approach for this characterization step. The proposed techniques can efficiently handle multiple-input-switching (MIS), including single-input-switching events (SIS) and provide good analysis results compared to the reference with two orders of magnitude speedup, although the cell library pre-characterization is based on SPICE simulations. Our model is independent of the power network context, which implies that different power distribution networks may be analyzed based on the same model and the same cell characterizations. The run-time, memory and accuracy efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated on an industrial design.
An information appliance capable of seamless screen-display atop printed matter: towards paper-anchored hypertext and multimedia (2002)

We present an information appliance prototype for seamlessly layering still and animated images atop newspapers, magazines or books. Screen images are displayed in accordance to the appliance's position over the printed page, relying on a tiny camera. Building upon real-time image processing, pattern matching and position tracking, user interaction is enabled by anchoring hypertext and multimedia onto printed matter.
An effective current source cell model for VDSM delay calculation (2002)

We present a new approach to model delay of the digital cell in very deep submicron (VDSM) IC designs. It provides higher accuracy for both delay and transition time than the conventional effective capacitance approximation. The cell is modeled by an effective current source that emulate the behavior of the transistor network. The proposed model is based upon the standard timing tables of the characterized cell.
Targeting of Key Pathogenic Factors From Gram-Positive Bacteria by the Soluble Ectodomain of the Scavenger-Like Lymphocyte Receptor CD6 (2013)

Gram-positive bacteria cause a broad spectrum of infection-related diseases in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, ranging from localized infections to severe systemic conditions such as septic and toxic shock syndromes. This situation has been aggravated by the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, thus stressing the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. One such possibility would be modulating the host's immune response. Herein, the potential use of a soluble form of the scavenger-like human lymphocyte receptor CD6 (shCD6) belonging to an ancient family of innate immune receptors has been evaluated. shCD6 can bind to a broad spectrum of gram-positive bacteria thanks to the recognition of highly conserved cell wall components (lipoteichoic acid [LTA] and peptidoglycan [PGN]), which are essential for their viability and pathogenicity and are not amenable to antibiotic resistance. shCD6 has in vitro inhibitory effects on both bacterial growth and Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory response induced by LTA plus PGN. In vivo infusion of shCD6 improves survival on mouse models of septic shock by Staphylococcus aureus (either multidrug-resistant or -sensitive) or their endotoxins (LTA + PGN) or exotoxins (TSST-1). These results support the use of shCD6 and/or other scavenger-like immune receptors in the treatment of severe gram-positive-induced infectious conditions.