gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient power optimization for two-tier femtocell networks using fictitious game (2012)

Power control techniques are becoming increasingly important for a two-tier femtocell network, where a central macrocell underlaid with femtocells, since femtocells may cause serious interference and consume large amounts of energy for large scale application. In this paper, we investigate a distributed energy-efficient power optimization scheme for the uplink transmission of a spectrum-sharing femtocell network based on fictitious game, in which each user announces a price that reflects compensation caused by other users for their interference. Then we present an asynchronous distributed power optimization algorithm, where power and price update are finished at terminal and base station (BS), respectively. Furthermore, we proposed a macrocell link protection scheme that macrocell user (MUE) protects itself by increasing its price. That is, the femtocell user (FUE) that causes more interference to macrocell base station (MBS) will pay more for its interference. According to numerical results, the proposed scheme can improve energy efficiency and mitigate interference significantly.
Synthesis of Ru(II) Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Promising Photoluminescence Properties in Water (2004)

Novel complexes 1 and 2 based on N-heterocyclic carbenes, which are analogous to Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and Ru(terpy)(2)(2+), respectively, were synthesized. The complex, which is analogous to Ru(terpy)(2)(2+), exhibited promising photoluminescence properties with a long lifetime of 820 ns in acetonitrile and 3100 ns in water at room temperature, respectively. In addition, ab initio calculations were carried out.
Civil war claims, Berkswell, Warwickshire, 1646 (1953)

Civil war claims, Berkswell, Warwickshire, 1646 Get access R. C. Gale R. C. Gale Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CXCVIII, Issue feb, 1 February 1953, Pages 55–58, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CXCVIII.feb.55 Published: 01 February 1953
Effect of Divalent Cation Removal on the Structure of Gram-Negative Bacterial Outer Membrane Models (2014)

The Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (GNB-OM) is asymmetric in its lipid composition with a phospholipid-rich inner leaflet and an outer leaflet predominantly composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS are polyanionic molecules, with numerous phosphate groups present in the lipid A and core oligosaccharide regions. The repulsive forces due to accumulation of the negative charges are screened and bridged by the divalent cations (Mg(2+) and Ca(2+)) that are known to be crucial for the integrity of the bacterial OM. Indeed, chelation of divalent cations is a well-established method to permeabilize Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Here, we use X-ray and neutron reflectivity (XRR and NR, respectively) techniques to examine the role of calcium ions in the stability of a model GNB-OM. Using XRR we show that Ca(2+) binds to the core region of the rough mutant LPS (RaLPS) films, producing more ordered structures in comparison to divalent cation free monolayers. Using recently developed solid-supported models of the GNB-OM, we study the effect of calcium removal on the asymmetry of DPPC:RaLPS bilayers. We show that without the charge screening effect of divalent cations, the LPS is forced to overcome the thermodynamically unfavorable energy barrier and flip across the hydrophobic bilayer to minimize the repulsive electrostatic forces, resulting in about 20% mixing of LPS and DPPC between the inner and outer bilayer leaflets. These results reveal for the first time the molecular details behind the well-known mechanism of outer membrane stabilization by divalent cations. This confirms the relevance of the asymmetric models for future studies of outer membrane stability and antibiotic penetration.
Attention-inspired moving object detection in monocular dashcam videos (2016)

This paper proposes a moving object detection algorithm for a monocular dashcam mounted on a vehicle. To deal with dynamic changes of the scene from the dashcam, we propose a new scheme inspired by human-attention inclination for change detection. Humans do not build a detailed visual representation and perceive a change of the scene based on the structure of an interesting region. In this perspective, our method focuses on a sky and road region of the scene and builds an abstracted background model, which is updated with a spatially adaptive learning rate according to the center-focused tendency of the human gaze. To improve the robustness of detection, the final detection map is refined by combining the results from twin processes applied to the original image and the median-filtered image, respectively. In experiments, we have found that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods qualitatively and quantitatively on a realistic dashcam video.
Quantitative FT-IR spectrometry of blood constituents (1992)

The evaluation of blood constituents can provide a powerful clinical diagnostic tool. Improvements in technology point to continuous non-invasive measurements and optical techniques seem to be a viable approach. To assess feasibility, albumin, cholesterol, ethanol, glucose, lactic acid and urea were measured in-vitro using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The peak height and corresponding peak area of the spectra were computed for concentration prediction. This univariate method was compared with partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) multivariate routines. The standard errors of calibration obtained were: albumin (49.1 mg/dl), cholesterol (7.8 mg/dl), ethanol (7,8 mg/dl), glucose (10.2 mg/dl), lactic acid (3.3 mg/dl) and urea (8.4 mg/dl).
Biological role of D-amino acid oxidase and D-aspartate oxidase. Effects of D-amino acids. (1993)

D-Amino acids administered to animals are absorbed by the intestine and transported through the blood-stream to solid tissues where they are oxidized in vivo by D-amino acid oxidase and D-aspartate oxidase to produce the same compounds they do in vitro; i.e. NH3, H2O2, and the keto acid corresponding to the amino acid ingested. In the liver and kidneys of the animals, an inverse relationship exists between the occurrence of D-amino acids and these oxidative enzymes. For example, younger animals have lower amounts of these oxidases and consequently higher concentrations of free D-amino acids compared to adult animals. If the ingested D-amino acids are not metabolized by these enzymes, they will accumulate in the tissues and may provoke serious damage, e.g. suppression of the synthesis of other essential enzymes and inhibition of the growth rate of the animals. A specific enzyme induction for these D-amino acid oxidases exists in young rats following ingestion of free D-amino acids by the mother. Specifically, when a mother rat ingests D-Ala or D-Asp during pregnancy and suckling, an increase in D-amino acid oxidase or D-aspartate oxidase is observed in the liver and kidneys of the baby rats. These results suggest that the in vivo biological role of these oxidases in animals is to act as detoxifying agents to metabolize D-amino acids which may have accumulated during aging.
Alleviative effect of quercetin on germ cells intoxicated by 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol from diesel exhaust particles (2012)

As a component of diesel exhaust particles, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (4-nitro-m-cresol, PNMC) is also a metabolite of the insecticide fenitrothion and imposes hazardous effects on human health. In the present study, the alleviative effect of a common antioxidant flavonoid quercetin on mouse germ cells intoxicated by PNMC was investigated. Results showed that a single intraperitoneal injection of PNMC at 100 mg/kg induced severe testicular damage after one week. PNMC-treated mice showed a significant loss of germ cells (approximate 40% loss of round germ cells). PNMC caused an increase of hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide production and lipid peroxidation, as well as a decrease in glutathione level, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Furthermore, treatment of PNMC increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL in germ cells. In addition, testicular caspase-3 activity was significantly up-regulated and germ cell apoptosis was significantly increased in the PNMC-treated mice. In contrast, combined administration of quercetin at 75 mg/kg significantly attenuated PNMC-induced testicular toxicity. These results indicate that the antioxidant quercetin displays a remarkable protective effect on PNMC-induced oxidative damage in mouse testes and may represent an efficient supplement to attenuate reproductive toxicity by environmental toxicants to ensure healthy sperm production.
Pollen Storage of Certain Agronomic Species in Liquid Air<sup>1</sup> (1973)

Viability of liquid air‐stored pollen from alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L. Merr.), cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn ( Zea mays L.), oats Avena sativa L.), rye ( Secale cereale L.), sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and wheat ( Triticum aestivum (L.) em Thell) was measured by in vitro germination, staining with tetrazolium bromide, and pollination. Some stored pollen of alfalfa, soybeans, cotton, and rye germinated in vitro . Stored pollen of all eight species exhibited variable levels of viability when stained. Successful pollinations of soybeans and rye were obtained with stored pollen. Results of germinating in vitro and staining of fresh pollen compared favorably. The staining method was simpler and gave more consistent results than in vitro germination. In addition, staining can be used for species for which suitable artificial germination media have not been developed.
How does financial theory apply to catastrophe-linked derivatives? En empirical test of several princing models (1999)

The paper focuses on the PCS Catastrophe Insurance Option Contracts and empirically tests the degree of agreement between their real quotes and the standard fmancial theory. The highest possible precision is incorporated since the real quotes are perfectly synchronized and the bid-ask spread is always considered. A static setting is assumed and the main topics of arbitrage, hedging and portfolio choice are involved in the analysis. Three significant conclusions are reached. First, the catastrophe derivatives may be very often priced by arbitrage methods, and the paper provides some examples of practical strategies that were available in the market. Second, hedging arguments also yield adequate criteria to price the derivatives and some real examples are provided as well. Third, in a variance aversion context many agents could be interested in selling derivatives to invest the money in stocks and bonds. These strategies show a suitable level in the variance for any desired expected return. Furthermore, the methodology here applied seems to be quite general and may be useful to price other derivative securities. Simple assumptions on the underlying asset behavior are the only required conditions.
Hexafluoropentanedionatosilver(I) complexes stabilised by multidentate N-donor ligands: crystal structure of a charge-separated salt species soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide (1997)

A tetrahydrofuran suspension of silver(I) oxide reacted with Hhfpd (1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dione) to give in situ ‘[Ag(hfpd)]’ after removal of the solvent in vacuo. Addition of equimolar ratios of multidentate amines to toluene solutions of the ‘[Ag(hfpd)]’ led to the isolation of several hexafluoropentanedionatosilver(I) complexes, [Ag(hfpd)(L–L)] [L–L = Me 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NHMe (trimen) 1, Me 2 N(CH 2 ) 2 NMe(CH 2 ) 2 NMe 2 (pmdien) 2 or Me 2 N(CH 2 ) 2 NMe(CH 2 ) 2 NMe(CH 2 ) 2 NMe 2 (hmten) 3]. Addition of only half a molar equivalent of hmten to a toluene solution of ‘[Ag(hfpd)]’ led to the synthesis of [Ag(hmten)][Ag(hfpd) 2 ] 4. The products have been characterised by a variety of methods including microanalysis, IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and all complexes dissolve readily in supercritical carbon dioxide. Complexes 2 and 4 have been further characterised by X-ray crystallography. The structure of 2 contains a monomeric five-co-ordinate silver(I) cation in which the two chelating oxygens and two of the three amine nitrogens are in an almost planar arrangement. In comparison, the structure of 4 reveals a charge-separated salt; one of the silver atoms is exclusively co-ordinated to two hfpd ligands in a pseudo-tetrahedral arrangement, whilst the other is encapsulated by an hmten molecule.
Probing the limits of gate-based charge sensing (2015)

Quantum computation requires a qubit-specific measurement capability to readout the final state of individual qubits. Promising solid-state architectures use external readout electrometers but these can be replaced by a more compact readout element, an in situ gate sensor. Gate-sensing couples the qubit to a resonant circuit via a gate and probes the qubit's radiofrequency polarizability. Here we investigate the ultimate performance of such a resonant readout scheme and the noise sources that limit its operation. We find a charge sensitivity of 37 μe Hz(-1/2), the best value reported for this technique, using the example of a gate sensor strongly coupled to a double quantum dot at the corner states of a silicon nanowire transistor. We discuss the experimental factors limiting gate detection and highlight ways to optimize its sensitivity. In total, resonant gate-based readout has advantages over external electrometers both in terms of reduction of circuit elements as well as absolute charge sensitivity.
Graph isomorphism, general remarks (1977)

An open question is the computational complexity of recognizing when two graphs are isomorphic. In an attempt to answer this question we shall analyze the relative computational complexity of generalizations and restrictions of the graph isomorphism problem. In the first Section we show graph isomorphism of regular undirected graphs is complete over isomorphism of explicitly given structures (say Tarski models from logic). Then we show that valence seems to be important. Finally we analyze symmetric cubic graphs.
Receptor‐activated calcium influx in human airway smooth muscle cells. (1991)

1. Fluorescence measurements of intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were made on cultured human airway smooth muscle cells using the dye Fura-2. The response to either histamine (100 microM) or bradykinin (1 microM) was biphasic, with a transient increase in [Ca2+]i followed by a sustained [Ca2+]i increase lasting many minutes. The average steady-state (plateau) [Ca2+]i following agonist activation was 267 +/- 5 nM, whereas the average basal [Ca2+]i was 148 +/- 4 nM. 2. The sustained rise in [Ca2+]i required the continued presence of either histamine or bradykinin and was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. The magnitude of the transient rise in [Ca2+]i was not dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Sustained, receptor-activated rises in [Ca2+]i were rapidly abolished by chelation of extracellular Ca2+, or addition of non-permeant polyvalent cations, whereas these agents had minor effects in the absence of agonist. These data indicate that the sustained increase in [Ca2+]i was dependent on receptor-activated Ca2+ influx. 3. Receptor-activated Ca2+ influx was not affected by treatment with organic Ca2+ channel antagonists (nifedipine (10 microM), nisoldipine (10 microM) or diltiazem (10 microM] or agonists (Bay K 8644 (500 nM to 10 microM) or Bay R 5417 (500 nM]. The magnitude of the sustained rise was also not affected by pre-treatment with ouabain (100 microM) indicating little involvement of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange in the influx mechanism. 4. Receptor-activated Ca2+ influx could be completely inhibited by several polyvalent cations (Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, -Cd2+ or La3+). Quantitative estimates of the potency of block were obtained for Ni2+ and La3+. These measurements indicate that the pKi for Ni2+ was 3.6 and for La3+ was 3.5. 5. Both Mn2+ and Co2+ ions caused a time-dependent quench of intracellular Fura-2; however, permeation of neither ion was increased following receptor activation, indicating that the influx pathway is not permeable to these cations. 6. Fura-2 was used to monitor the rate of Ba2+ entry into airway smooth muscle cells by monitoring the Ca(2+)-Fura-2 and Ba(2+)-Fura-2 isosbestic points as well as the 340 and 380 nm signals. Cell activation did not increase the rate of Ba2+ entry indicating that the Ca2+ influx pathway was poorly permeant to Ba2+ ions. Ba2+ (2 mM) was able to inhibit Ca2+ entry as shown by its effects on the Ba(2+)-independent, Ca(2+)-dependent wavelength (371 nm). 7. The voltage dependence of Ca2+ influx was examined before and after agonist-induced activation. The effect of KCl-induced depolarization prior to cell activation was to cause a slight increase in [Ca2+]i.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
CRITICAL EVALUATION OF STABILITY CONSTANTS OF PHOSPHONIC ACIDS (2001)

Available experimental data on stability constants of proton and metal complexes for 10 phosphonic acids [methylphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxyethane1,1-diylbisphosphonic acid, dichloromethylenebisphosphonic acid, aminomethanephosphonic acid, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, imino-N,N-bis(methylenephosphonic acid), N-methylamino-N,N-bis(methylenephosphonic acid), nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid), 1,2-diaminoethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid), and diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentakis(methylenephosphonic acid)], published in 1950–1997, have been critically evaluated. For the latter phosphonate, all the data are rejected, as well as protonation constants [HL]/[H][L] for three other ligands. Higher-quality data are selected and presented as “Recommended” and “Provisional”.
Tape Casting of Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> /ZrO <sub>2</sub> Laminated Composites (1986)

Fracture toughness of ZrO 2 ‐toughened alumina could he increased by macroscopic interfaces, such as those existing in laminated composites. In this work, tape casting was used to produce A/A or A/B laminates, where A and B can be Al 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 /5 vol% ZrO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 /l0 vol% ZrO 2 . An increase of toughness is observed, even in the Al 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 laminates.
Content-Based Access to Medical Image Collections (2010)

Medical images are a very important resource for the clinical practice and operation. Thousands of them are daily acquired in hospitals to diagnose the health state of patients. However, once they have been archived as part of a large image database, it is very difficult to retrieve the same image again since it requires remembering dates or names. Furthermore, in such cases in which the same image is not required, but a physician is looking for images with particular contents, current technologies are not able to offer such functionality. The ability to find the right visual information in the right place, at the right time, can have great impact in the medical decision making process. This chapter presents two computational strategies for accessing a large collection of medical images: retrieving relevant images given an explicit query and visualizing the structure of the whole collection. Both strategies take advantage of image contents, allowing users to find or identify images that are related by their visual composition. In addition, these strategies are based on machine learning methods to handle complex image patterns, semantic medical concepts, image collection visualizations and summarizations.
Magnesium and magnesium-silicide coated silicon nanowire composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries (2012)

We synthesized composites consisting of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) coated with magnesium (Mg) and magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) for lithium-ion battery anodes and studied their electrochemical cycling stability and degradation mechanisms. Compared to bare SiNWs, both Mg- and Mg2Si-coated materials show significant improvement in coulombic efficiency during cycling, with pure Mg coating being slightly superior by ∼1% in each cycle. XPS measurements on cycled nanowire forests gave quantitative information on the composition of the SEI layer and showed lower Li2CO3 and higher polyethylene oxide content for coated nanowires, thus revealing a passivating effect towards electrolyte decomposition. Extensive characterization of the microstructure before and after cycling was carried out by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy aided by focused ion beam cross-sectioning. The formation of large voids between the nanowire assembly and the substrate during cycling, causing the nanowires to lose electrical contact with the substrate, is identified as an important degradation mechanism.
STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND ASSEMBLY OF CELL WALLS OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA (1983)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Human multipotential progenitor cells (CFU-GEMM) have extensive replating capacity for secondary CFU-GEMM: an effect enhanced by cord blood plasma (1993)

The replating capability of human umbilical cord blood (CB) multipotential (CFU-GEMM) progenitors was assessed in vitro as an estimate of self-renewal using erythropoietin (Epo), steel factor (SLF), and either fetal bovine serum (FBS) or CB plasma. This study found a much higher replating efficiency for CB CFU-GEMM than previously reported, in terms of the percentage of colonies that could be replated, the number of secondary colonies per replated primary colony, and the size of secondary colonies. Moreover, the majority of secondary colonies were CFU-GEMM-derived. Although the percentages of bone marrow CFU-GEMM that replate was similar to that for CB CFU-GEMM and the sizes of secondary bone marrow and CB CFU-GEMM were also similar, replated CB CFU-GEMM gave rise to far greater numbers of secondary colonies. No tertiary colonies were observed when secondary CFU-GEMM were replated. Detection of extensive secondary replating potential was enhanced by the addition of CB plasma to the cultures. This activity was not found in either adult blood (PB) plasma, umbilical cord vein endothelial cell-conditioned medium (ECCM), FBS plus ECCM, or FBS plus the combination of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-3, IL-6, IL-11, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Whether the CB plasma-enhancing activity for CFU-GEMM replating capacity is attributable to a novel factor or factors, or represents effects of other known cytokines, alone or in combination, remains to be determined. Of particular relevance, these studies suggest that human CFU-GEMM have some degree of stemness and perhaps should be classified as a subset of stem cells.
Heterologous Production of Albicidin: a Promising Approach to Overproducing and Characterizing This Potent Inhibitor of DNA Gyrase (2007)

The phytotoxin and polyketide antibiotic albicidin produced by Xanthomonas albilineans is a highly potent DNA gyrase inhibitor. Low yields of albicidin production have slowed studies of its chemical structure. Heterologous expression of albicidin biosynthetic genes in X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria resulted in a sixfold increase in albicidin production, offering promising strategies for engineering overproduction.