gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radar cross‐section reduction by polarization rotation (1995)

Abstract A system formed by a cascade connection of meander‐line strip grating surfaces that rotates the polarization plane of a linearly polarized wave is reported and measured. Reflectivity measurements of the system shaped on a reflector‐backed metallic ground plane have shown reflectivity levels smaller than –20 dB over the 10.5–17‐FHz band. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Modulation of single quantum dot energy levels by a surface-acoustic-wave (2008)

This letter presents an experimental investigation into the effect of a surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) on the emission of a single InAs quantum dot. The SAW causes the energy of the transitions within the dot to oscillate at the frequency of the SAW, producing a characteristic broadening of the emission lines in their time-averaged spectra. This periodic tuning of the transition energy is used as a method to regulate the output of a device containing a single quantum dot and we study the system as a high-frequency periodic source of single photons.
The sequence of the single 16S rRNA gene of the thermophilic eubacterium Rhodothermus marinus reveals a distant relationship to the group containing Flexibacter, Bacteroides, and Cytophaga species (1994)

Rhodothermus marinus, a gram-negative heterotrophic marine thermophile, has been the subject of several recent studies. Isolation, sequencing, and analyses of a 16S rRNA gene have shown that R. marinus diverges sharply from major bacterial phyla and is most closely allied to the Flexibacter-Cytophaga-Bacteroides group. Further analyses revealed that the R. marinus chromosome contains a single rRNA operon with a 16S-23S intergenic region coding for tRNA(Ile) and tRNA(Ala).
DNA analysis of ductal carcinomaIn situ of the breast. A comparison with histologic features (1991)

In 56 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, DNA was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results were compared with standard nuclear grading, the degree of necrosis, and tumor size. Twenty-three cases (41%) showed aneuploidy. The degree of nuclear atypia was correlated significantly with aneuploidy. Tumors with low-grade, intermediate-grade, and high-grade nuclear features were aneuploid in 24%, 41%, and 69% of cases, respectively. The degree of necrosis also correlated with nuclear grade but did not correlate with ploidy status. The combined features of nuclear atypia with necrosis did not predict aneuploidy as well as nuclear grade alone. Tumor size did not correlate with ploidy. These findings indicated that nuclear grade was the best histologic predictor of aneuploidy in DCIS. The potential value of this information in treating DCIS is discussed.
Myocardial effects of flavonoids from Crataegus species. (1995)

The influence of the main flavonoids from Crataegus species (hawthorn, Rosaceae) on coronary flow, heart rate and left ventricular pressure as well as on the velocity of contraction and relaxation was investigated in Langendorff perfused isolated guinea pig hearts at a constant pressure of 70 cmH2O. Drug action was evaluated in a concentration range of 10(-7) to 5 x 10(-4) mol/l. An increase of coronary flow caused by the O-glycosides luteolin-7-glucoside (186%), hyperoside (66%) and rutin (66%) as well as an increase of the relaxation velocity (positive lusitropism) by luteolin-7-glucoside (104%), hyperoside (62%) and rutin (73%) were the major effects observed at a maximum concentration of 0.5 mmol/l. Furthermore, slight positive inotropic effects and a rise in heart rate were seen. Similar but less intensive actions were found with the C-glycosides vitexin, vitexin-rhamnoside and monoacetyl-vitexin-rhamnoside. Possible beta-adrenergic activities of the flavonoids could be excluded by the addition of propranolol in fixed concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-5) mol/l. Moreover, pretreatment of the animals with reserpine (7 mg/kg) did not influence myocardial activity of hyperoside (10(-4) mol/l). As previous experiments showed an inhibition of the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase, the results suggest an inhibition of this enzyme as the possible underlying mechanism of cardiac action of flavonoids from Crataegus species.
In Vivo Ligand Specificity of E-selectin Binding to Multivalent Sialyl Lewisx N-linked Oligosaccharides (1999)

The in vivo specificity for E-selectin binding to a panel of N-linked oligosaccharides containing a clustered array of one to four sialyl Lewisx (SLex; NeuAcalpha2-3Gal[Fucalpha1-3]beta1-4GlcNAc) determinants was studied in mice. Following intraperitoneal dosing with lipopolysaccharide, radioiodinated tyrosinamide N-linked oligosaccharides were dosed i.v. and analyzed for their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Specific targeting was determined from the degree of SLex oligosaccharide targeting relative to a sialyl oligosaccharide control. Oligosaccharides targeted the kidney with the greatest selectivity after a 4-h induction period following lipopolysaccharide dosing. Unique pharmacokinetic profiles were identified for SLex biantennary and triantennary oligosaccharides but not for monovalent and tetraantennary SLex oligosaccharides or sialyl oligosaccharide controls. Biodistribution studies established that both SLex biantennary and triantennary oligosaccharides distributed to the kidney with 2-3-fold selectivity over sialyl oligosaccharide controls, whereas monovalent and tetraantennary SLex oligosaccharides failed to mediate specific kidney targeting. Simultaneous dosing of SLex biantennary or triantennary oligosaccharide with a mouse anti-E-selectin monoclonal antibody blocked kidney targeting, whereas co-administration with anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody did not significantly block kidney targeting. The results suggest that SLex biantennary and triantennary are N-linked oligosaccharide ligands for E-selectin and implicate E-selectin as a bivalent receptor in the murine kidney endothelium.
An optimal algorithm for mutual exclusion in computer networks (1981)

An algorithm is proposed that creates mutual exclusion in a computer network whose nodes communicate only by messages and do not share memory. The algorithm sends only 2*(N -1) messages, where N is the number of nodes in the network per critical section invocation. This number of messages is at a minimum if parallel, distributed, symmetric control is used; hence, the algorithm is optimal in this respect. The time needed to achieve mutual exclusion is also minimal under some general assumptions.
Use of Rotating Cylinder Electrodes to Simulate Turbulent Flow Conditions in Corroding Systems (1990)

Rotating electrodes are used to model flow conditions in electrochemical systems where mass transfer affects the reaction rate. Mass transfer correlations are used to relate the model system to the prototype system through equivalence of the limiting current densities. This approach is used to apply laboratory polarization data obtained with rotating cylinder electrodes to corroding systems in turbulent flow conditions. Results of this technique are described for cathodic protection design in marine environments.
Degradation of solid dielectrics due to internal partial discharge: some thoughts on progress made and where to go now (2005)

The amount of literature on partial discharge (PD) and partial discharge induced degradation is vast. In the past 10-20 years significant progress has been made on research within partial discharge induced aging of dielectrics. Researchers now agree on the main mechanisms pertaining to this topic. With the advent of a new generation of dielectrics of which many properties now can be affected by the introduction of small amounts of nano-sized particles it seems to be a good moment to review the progress on the understanding of PD induced aging. Focusing on internal partial discharge in solid polymeric insulation this paper tries to identify achievements and at the same time challenges still to be solved.
Low Phase Noise X-Band Clapp Push-Push Oscillator (2005)

Abstract — A MMIC colpitts oscillator in push-push configuration is presented using InGaP/GaAs HBTs. The output at the second har-monic enhances the frequency range while preserving the well-known advantages of the Colpitts concept. Moreover, additional features like enhanced load-pull immunity and inherent frequency divider function-ality are included. The MMIC VCO reaches state-of-the-art phase-noise performance in X-band. Keywords—Colpitts oscillator, Push-Push I.
MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING OF RIBOSOMAL MOVEMENT AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: AN OVERVIEW (2012)

Translation or protein synthesis consists of a complex system of chemical reactions, which ultimately result in decoding of the mRNA and the production of a protein. The complexity of this reaction system makes it difficult to quantitatively connect its input parameters (such as translation factor or ribosome concentrations, codon composition of the mRNA, or energy availability) to output parameters (such as protein synthesis rates or ribosome densities on mRNAs). Mathematical and computational models of translation have now been used for nearly five decades to investigate translation, and to shed light on the relationship between the different reactions in the system. This review gives an overview over the principal approaches used in the modelling efforts, and summarises some of the major findings that were made.
Central venous catheters for haemodialysis: looking for optimal blood flow (1997)

Central venous catheters are commonly used for haemodialysis patients and represent, in our centre, about 15% of the permanent vascular accesses with a total number of more than 230 central venous catheters over the last 10 years. Inadequate blood flow may occur and upsets the nurses, the patients, and the nephrologist. The aim of this study was to identify the factors of the catheter dysfunction. We studied prospectively 25 chronic haemodialysed patients with central venous catheters, 14 women and 11 men, 65 +/- 16 (55-89) years of age, treated with haemodialysis for 6.7 +/- 7 (1-26) years. Catheters were tunnelled silicone twin catheters (Permcath Quinton n = 18, Twincath Hemotec n = 7) in right (n = 19) and left internal jugular (n = 6) inserted by percutaneous Seldinger techniques. We studied the localization of the catheter tip (superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricular, inferior vena cava), the central venous pressure before and after haemodialysis, the blood pressure (BP) before and after haemodialysis, the interdialytic weight gain, the number of symptomatic hypotensions during the 10 last dialyses. The patients were divided into two groups: group I with usual adequate catheter function (n = 18) and group II with frequent dysfunctions (n = 7). Central venous pressure before dialysis was significantly higher in group I with adequate blood flow and the catheter's tip was more frequently found localized in the right cardiac cavities than in the vena cava. When central venous pressure before dialysis was over 5 mmHg, no dysfunction occurred. Blood pressure was not different between the two groups. We found no correlation between central venous pressure and BP, interdialytic weight gain and symptomatic hypotensions. We could not predict the central venous pressure from the mean BP but there was a higher frequency of hypotensions in the hypovolaemic patients. Optimal haemodynamic conditions will be provided by a catheter tip in the right cardiac cavities and a central venous pressure over 5 mmHg which can be provided with vascular filling or dry weight revaluation.
Monitoring the stress response during general anaesthesia (2007)

The major objectives of anaesthetists in the operating theatre are to maintain the hypnosis, the relaxation, the analgesia, and the vital functions during the operation. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of new developments regarding monitoring and control of stress response during general anaesthesia. The applicability of the main parameters to monitor the adequacy of analgesia online will be discussed. Different models based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in particular the opioid remifentanil and the hypnotic propofol were developed. The response of these anaesthetics on heart rate, different parameters of the heart rate variability and the bispectral index during induction of general anaesthesia were studied. Starting from these models, control strategies in analgesia have been discussed. The developed environment for the assistant system for anaesthesia at the University of Rostock is presented.
"Chevron" Local Layer Structure in Surface-Stabilized Ferroelectric Smectic-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:math>Cells (1987)

High-resolution x-ray scattering studies of thin smectic-$C$ ($\mathrm{Sm}C$) samples prepared between solid plates by cooling from the smectic-$A$ phase reveal a surprising "chevron" structure of tilted layers. This structure is formed as a response to the shrinking of the $\mathrm{Sm}C$ layers while anchored to the solid plates. The layer tilt is independent of surface treatment. Our results provide fundamental new information on the structure and surface interactions of SmC layers and provide evidence for a new SmC defect.
Update from the Standards Vice President: Immersive Media (2020)

<fig orientation="portrait" position="float" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <graphic orientation="portrait" position="float" xlink:href="devli-3021883.tif"/> </fig> The quest for a truly immersive media experience is almost the history of media technology. We have sought to create an experience <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">just like being there</i> from the earliest days of recorded sound, right up to the present day. Curiously, the desire for richer and more immersive productions has spawned technologies that help us in other areas.
Energy management system of hybrid microgrid with energy storage (2012)

The economic scheduling of the generation units is playing a significant role in the energy management of the hybrid stand alone microgrid. Energy storage is an increasingly important part of the renewable energy sector because of the need to store power during peak production times for use in off-peak periods. This paper describes an energy\nmanagement system (EMS) for an islanded microgrid (MG) comprising wind energy conversion system (WECS),photovoltaic (PV), energy storage (ES) system, and microturbine (MT) for calculating the battery charging price (BCP) factor. To reach this objective, firstly the battery system has been modeled using the presented equations then various\nscenarios is applied by technically limited such as the power, voltage and current applied to charge and discharge of the\nbattery.
Infrared Absorption Angiography of the Fundus Circulation (1970)

A new technique for fundus angiography is described, employing intracarotid injection of indocyanine dye in combination with high speed infrared film in a standard fundus camera. The studies reported have been done in owl monkeys, whose choroidal filling patterns are seen much better than contrast angiograms made by the fluorescein method, presumably because infrared light is not blocked by the pigment epithelium. The dye is apparently of very little toxicity, and the method should be safely applicable in man.
Three-dimensional micro-Fresnel opticalelements fabricated by micromachining technique (1994)

We report, for the first time, a three-dimensional binary phase micro-Fresnel optical element standing perpendicular to the substrate. The lens is fabricated by micromachining technique. The lens has a diameter of 650 µm, a focal length of 0.5 mm, and an optical axis of 1 mm above the surface of the substrate. Light from an optical fibre is successfully collimated by the micro-optical element, and the beam profile closely approximates a Gaussian shape.
Ventricular Enlargement After Closed Head Injury (1981)

To study the relationship between enlargement of the cerebral ventricles and neuropsychological deficit after closed head injury (CHI), we measured the area of the lateral ventricles on computed tomographic scans obtained at least 30 days after severe CHI in 32 young adults and a control group of similar age. Enlargement of the lateral ventricles was demonstrated in 72% of the head-injured subjects, as defined by the ventricle-brain percent ratio (VBR). Ventricular dilation was related to the duration of coma after high-speed motor vehicle accidents and to intellectual and memory defects. The VBR may be a useful index of the severity of brain damage in certain categories of head-injured patients.
Computer-Assisted Evaluation of Hand and Arm Function After Thermal Injury (1996)

Comprehensive care of the burned upper extremity requires accurate and complete evaluation of function, including two-point discrimination, active and passive range of motion, and grip strength. These evaluations, when performed serially during a course of therapy, are time-consuming and manpower-intensive. We tested the utility and accuracy of a commercially available computer-assisted impairment evaluation system when used to automate and standardize measurement of upper-extremity function. The function of 80 upper extremities was evaluated with both the conventional and the computer-assisted methods. The time required to perform a complete examination with each method was recorded, and measurements of grip strength and total active motion made with both methods were compared. Complete upper-extremity evaluation required an average of 20.3 minutes with the computer-assisted method, compared to 62.9 minutes with conventional means. Measurements of extremity function with computer-assisted and conventional methods had correlation coefficients of 0.984 for grip strength and 0.996 for total active motion. The computer-assisted impairment evaluation system was found to be a useful and accurate adjunct in the acute and rehabilitative management of burned upper extremities.
Consequences and Therapeutic Implications of Macrophage Apoptosis in Atherosclerosis (2005)

Macrophage apoptosis occurs throughout all stages of atherosclerosis, yet new findings in vivo suggest that the consequences of this event may be very different in early versus late atherosclerotic lesions. In early lesions, where phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells appears to be efficient, macrophage apoptosis is associated with diminished lesion cellularity and decreased lesion progression. In late lesions, however, a number of factors may contribute to defective phagocytic clearance of apoptotic macrophages, leading to secondary necrosis of these cells and a proinflammatory response. The cumulative effect of these late lesional events is generation of the necrotic core, which, in concert with proatherogenic effects of residual surviving macrophages, promotes further inflammation, plaque instability, and thrombosis. Thus, the ability or lack thereof of lesional phagocytes to safely clear apoptotic macrophages may be an important determinant of acute atherothrombotic clinical events. Further understanding of the mechanisms involved in macrophage apoptosis and phagocytic clearance might lead to novel therapeutic strategies directed against the progression of advanced plaques.
The microstructure of PAN-base carbon fibres (1970)

The microstructure of polyacrylonitrile-base (PAN-base) type I and type II carbon fibres has been studied by X-ray small-angle and wide-angle scattering. Recent work in this field is critically reviewed and it is shown that the structural model proposed by Johnson & Tyson for these types of fibre is inadequate. The microstructure of PAN-base carbon fibres is essentially the same as that of rayon-base carbon fibres. Differences appear only in the volume fraction occupied by the microvoids.
Polarisation independent switch and polarisation splitter employing Δβand Δ <i>K</i> modulation (1988)

We report a novel type of polarisation independent directional coupler switch on X-cut, Y-propagating Ti: LiNbO3, with modest fabrication tolerances. The device can also be used as a polarisation splitter. The principle of operation and experimental results are given.
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Resonators for Monitoring Conditioning Film Formation (2015)

We propose surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators as a complementary tool for conditioning film monitoring. Conditioning films are formed by adsorption of inorganic and organic substances on a substrate the moment this substrate comes into contact with a liquid phase. In the case of implant insertion, for instance, initial protein adsorption is required to start wound healing, but it will also trigger immune reactions leading to inflammatory responses. The control of the initial protein adsorption would allow to promote the healing process and to suppress adverse immune reactions. Methods to investigate these adsorption processes are available, but it remains difficult to translate measurement results into actual protein binding events. Biosensor transducers allow user-friendly investigation of protein adsorption on different surfaces. The combination of several transduction principles leads to complementary results, allowing a more comprehensive characterization of the adsorbing layer. We introduce SAW resonators as a novel complementary tool for time-resolved conditioning film monitoring. SAW resonators were coated with polymers. The adsorption of the plasma proteins human serum albumin (HSA) and fibrinogen onto the polymer-coated surfaces were monitored. Frequency results were compared with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor measurements, which confirmed the suitability of the SAW resonators for this application.
Inhibition of Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 2 (SNAI2) Enhances Multidrug Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (2016)

China accounts for almost half of the total number of liver cancer cases and deaths worldwide, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most primary liver cancer. Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2) is known as an epithelial to mesenchymal transition-inducing transcription factor that drives neoplastic epithelial cells into mesenchymal phenotype. However, the roles of endogenous SNAI2 remain controversial in different types of malignant tumors. Herein, we surprisingly identify that anchorage-independent growth, including the formation of tumor sphere and soft agar colony, is significantly increased when SNAI2 expression is inhibited by shRNAs in HCC cells. Suppression of SNAI2 suffices to up-regulate several cancer stem genes. Although unrelated to the metastatic ability, SNAI2 inhibition does increase the efflux of Hoechst 33342 and enhance multidrug resistance in vitro and in vivo. In agreement with this data, we demonstrate for the first time that decreasing SNAI2 level can transcriptionally upregulate several ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes such as ABCB1. Moreover, ABC transporters' inhibitor verapamil can rescue the multidrug resistance induced by SNAI2 inhibition. Our results implicate that SNAI2 behaves as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting multidrug resistance via suppressing ABC transporter genes in HCC cells.