gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age‐related contents of polymerized lipids in the ectohydric forest mosses <i>Pleurozium schreberi</i> and <i>Hylocomium splendens</i> (1985)

Cell wall preparations of the ectohydric forest mosses, Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. and Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B. S. G. contain polymerized lipids consisting of hydroxy acids, dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids, fatty alcohols and unidentified components. The finding of polymerized lipids in ectohydric mosses, which have highly permeable cell walls, indicates that the polymers do not form an effective barrier against water and nutrients, at least not in the cell walls of these mosses. The youngest parts of P. schreberi and H. splendens contained 2.0 and 1.6 mg polymerized lipids, respectively, on a dry cell wall weight basis. In the senescent, greyish‐green parts of P. schreberi and in the one‐year‐old shoot tissue of H. splendens the corresponding amounts were about 1.5‐fold. In both species the increase was due to increases in hydroxy acids, particularly dihydroxyhexadecanoic acids, dicarboxylic acids, unknown components and, in the case of H. splendens , also an increase in fatty acids. The increase may be related to the maturation of the cell walls. In still older shoot parts the amounts of polymerized lipids decreased in both species, and remained low until final decay of the tissues into small particles. A slight increase in the amount of the polymerized lipid monomers was found in the oldest and most decomposed parts of H. splendens , probably indicating a better resistance to decay than for other cell wall components. These findings are discussed in relation to what is known from the ectohydric peat‐forming Sphagnum mosses.
General quality maintenance module for motion picture watermarking (1999)

Because the picture quality of watermarked motion pictures must not be degraded by the watermarking, this paper describes a new module that controls watermarking processes. The module uses a new human sight model to optimize watermark strength for each frame of a motion picture, and it prevents flickering by limiting the frame-to-frame change in watermark strength. Another advantage of this module is that it can he used in a wide range of watermarking systems. The effectiveness of the proposed module has been demonstrated in five watermarking systems.
A Human Alloantibody Interferes With Binding of Factor IXa to the Factor VIII Light Chain (1998)

Abstract Inhibitory antibodies directed against factor VIII develop in a substantial number of patients with hemophilia A as a consequence of factor VIII replacement therapy. These antibodies usually recognize discrete epitopes within the A2 and/or the C2 domains of factor VIII. Here, we have characterized the antibodies present in the plasma of a patient affected by severe hemophilia A. The antibodies reacted readily with the metabolically labeled factor VIII light chain and fragments thereof when analyzed by immunoprecipitation. The inhibitory activity could be neutralized by the complete light chain, whereas only slight neutralization occurred with a fragment comprising the isolated C2 domain. Binding of the majority of antibodies to in vitro synthesized factor VIII fragments was dependent on the presence of amino acid residues Gln1778-Met1823, a region known to contain a factor IXa binding site. Functional characterization showed that purified IgG from the patient's serum inhibited binding of factor IXa to immobilized factor VIII light chain in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that human alloantibodies may inhibit factor VIII activity by interfering with factor IXa–factor VIIIa complex assembly.
A recursive clustering technique for color picture segmentation (2003)

A recursive cluster detection technique is described for segmenting the color pictures. The proposed method operates in the (L*,a*,b*)-uniform color space and detects image cluster by fitting them some circular-cylindrical decision volumes. This estimates the clusters' distributions in the uniform color space without imposing any constraints on their forms. Boundaries of the decision elements consists of two planes of constant lightness, two cylinders of constant chroma, and two planes of constant hue. They are determined using 1-D histograms of the L*,H/sup 0/,C* cylindrical coordinates of the space. The detected clusters are then correctly isolated from their neighbors by projecting their estimated color distributions onto the Fisher linear discriminant function for 1-D thresholding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research on Transformer Fault Diagnosis based on Multi-source Information Fusion (2014)

DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) is the traditional transformer fault diagnosis method, but it mainly depends on the experience of operators. In order to solve the limitations of traditional method, this paper introduces intelligent method for fault diagnosis of transformer. The intelligent method made fusion of various data, including SCADA data, oil dissolved gas sensor data, related electrical test data, operation maintenance records, and so on, employed space-time weighting fusion method based on BP neural network, and put forward the model of transformer fault diagnosis based on multi-source information fusion, which improved the accuracy of the transformer fault diagnosis dramatically.
Zustandsgrößen (1998)

Das Volumen (Rauminhalt) V eines Körpers ist der von seiner Oberfläche eingeschlossene Teil des Raumes.
Amplification of <i>KIT, PDGFRA, VEGFR2</i>, and <i>EGFR</i> in Gliomas (2006)

Receptor tyrosine kinase aberrations are implicated in the genesis of gliomas. We investigated expression and amplification of KIT, PDGFRA, VEGFR2, and EGFR in 87 gliomas consisting of astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, or oligoastrocytomas in tumor samples collected at the time of the diagnosis and in samples of the same tumors at tumor recurrence. Gene amplifications were investigated using either chromogenic in situ hybridization or fluorescence in situ hybridization, and protein expression using immunohistochemistry. In samples collected at glioma diagnosis, KIT and PDGFRA amplifications were more frequent in anaplastic astrocytomas than in astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and oligoastrocytomas [28% versus 5% (P = 0.012) and 33% versus 2% (P = 0.0008), respectively]. VEGFR2 amplifications occurred in 6% to 17% of the gliomas at diagnosis, and EGFR amplifications in 0% to 12%. Amplified KIT was more frequently present in recurrent gliomas than in newly diagnosed gliomas (P = 0.0066). KIT amplification was associated with KIT protein expression and with presence of PDGFRA and EGFR amplifications both at the time of the first glioma diagnosis and at tumor recurrence, and with VEGFR2 amplification at tumor recurrence. Three (4%) primary gliomas and 10 (14%) recurrent gliomas that were evaluable for coamplification of KIT, PDGFRA, and VEGFR2 showed amplification of at least two of these genes; the amplicon contained amplified KIT in all 13 cases. In conclusion, besides glioblastoma, amplified KIT, PDGFRA, and VEGFR may also occur in lower-grade gliomas and in their recurrent tumors. It is currently not known whether specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective in the treatment of such gliomas.
Combination approach to select optimal countermeasures based on the RORI index (2012)

As new and more sophisticated computer attacks appear across the Internet, sometimes with unknown dimensions and criticality, the implementation of individual security solutions become less effective and in some cases useless. Instead, a combined approach is required to guarantee an appropriate and cost-effective mitigation of such attacks. Most of the current work suggests the deployment of multiple countermeasures as a single treatment to mitigate the effects of complex attacks. However, the methodology to analyze and evaluate combined solutions is either hardly explained or very complicated to implement. This paper, therefore proposes a simple and well-structured approach to select the optimal combination of countermeasures by maximizing the cost-effectiveness ratio of the countermeasures, this ratio being measured by the Return on Response Investment (RORI) index. A case study is provided at the end of the document to show the applicability of the model over a critical infrastructure process control.
Measurement of a filter using a power detector (2002)

This paper presents experimental results on the measurement of the magnitude and phase response of RF and baseband signal paths made with a power detector. The frequency response is obtained by measuring the magnitude and phase of the output of the power detector when the forward path is excited by a pair of tones. This technique provides a means for making vector measurements using a scalar detector. Instruments, like network analyzers, commonly use a mixer and sinusoidal source to downconvert the signal for digitization and measurement. The downconversion in this paper is performed using a power detector and an extra tone in the excitation signal itself, drastically reducing hardware complexity. Important applications of this technique include the characterization of the digital-to-antenna path of a software radio and the equalization of the antialiasing filter in a wide-band arbitrary waveform generator. Three examples of measurement, one at low frequency and two others at radio frequencies, show that the errors in the measured response are comparable to those obtained using conventional network analyzers.
Protective effect of a novel imidazole derivative against cerebral anoxia. (1978)

The protective effect of 1-[2-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-4-nitrophenyl]-2-(diethylaminomethyl) imidazole fumarate (Y-9179) against cerebral anoxia was investigated with a variety of experimental models in mice and rats. Y-9179, at doses lower than 1 mg/kg, showed a consistent protective action against the cerebral anoxia in all of the models studied: hypoxia, ischemia, histotoxic and asphyxic anoxia. The antianoxic activity of Y-9179 was found to be about 100 times greater than that of pentobarbital. This anti-anoxic effect was observed at very small doses at which neither sedation nor motor depression was induced. There was no decrease in the protective effect or no adverse effect even at as high a dose as 30 mg/kg, which corresponded to about 150 times the effective dose. The universal anti-anoxic properties of Y-9179 may be useful both clinically and as a pharmacological tool to elucidate the physiological significance of cerebral anoxia.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) as Primary Treatment for T-Cell Lymphobastic Lymphoma (T-LBL) : An Intention to Treat Analysis. (2004)

The role of HSCT for T-LBL is not well defined. Most series are subject to referral bias and do not address the true impact of HSCT, especially as primary treatment. Since 1987 all patients in British Columbia with T-LBL have been considered eligible for HSCT as part of primary treatment. Between 6/87–12/03, 27 patients were diagnosed with T-LBL. Patients with > 25% involvement of the bone marrow were excluded. Characteristics: Age range 18–56 y (median 26); M:F 19:8; Ann Arbor stage I-II 6; III-IV 21; bone marrow involved 7/27; peripheral blood involved 2/27; CNS involved 1/27; LDH elevated 15/25; mediastinal mass 23/27. Initial treatment: All received an anthracycline-containing regimen similar to CHOP. All achieved at least a partial remission. HSCT: 23/27 (85%) proceeded to HSCT in first response. Source of stem cells: 4, related donor (2 marrow, 2 peripheral blood); 19, autologous (15, mafosphamide purged marrow; 1, 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide purged marrow; 1, unpurged marrow; 1, unpurged peripheral blood; 1, combined unpurged marrow and peripheral blood). Conditioning was cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) and TBI (750–1200 cGy) +/− etoposide 1.8 g/m2 in 22 of 23 patients. CNS prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate and cytarabine was planned for all patients. All 23 had maintained chemosensitivity at time of HSCT. Time from diagnosis to HSCT was 1.3–6.4 months (median 2.2). Reasons for not proceeding to HSCT 2 refused; 1 decided to wait until relapse; 1 did not have adequate organ function. Median follow-up of living patients was 33 months (range 4–142 months). Results: Overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) at 3 years for all patients were 79% (95% CI 61–97%) and 75% (95% CI 57–93%); patients who underwent HSCT 85% (95% CI 70–100%) and 81% (95% CI 64–98%). 4 patients relapsed post HSCT at 2.2, 10.8, 11.7 and 40.4 months post HSCT. Sites of relapse: 2, mediastinum; 1, bone marrow; 1, mediastinum and bone marrow. One patient who received HSCT died of a treatment related complication (interstitial pneumonitis). Significant factors for improved survival post HSCT (univariate): Absence of bone marrow involvement [EFS at 3 years 92% vs 57% (p=0.026)]. Non-significant factors: normal LDH, stage I/II at diagnosis, age < 30 yrs. Conclusions: Patients with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma treated with a CHOP-like regimen achieve adequate control of disease to proceed to HSCT. HSCT as primary treatment results in excellent long-term disease free survival with acceptably low treatment related mortality. Bone marrow involvement at diagnosis, even though < 25%, predicts for a worse outcome.
Effects of bond temperature and pressure on microstructures of tape automated bonding (TAB) inner lead bonds (ILB) with thin tape metallization (2002)

In view of the advantages of low cost, simple manufacturing process and significant miniaturization in size, Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) technology is important to the future development of consumer electronic products. Inner lead bonding (ILB) process is especially crucial for the production of high quality TAB packages and components. In this investigation, the effects of two critical bonding parameters: bond temperature and bond pressure on the final ILBs integrity and microstructures have been studied. The possibility of gang bonding 0.4 /spl mu/m Sn-plated Cu lead beams with straight wall gold bumps to form reliable TAB inner lead bonds is demonstrated in this study. The variations in microstructure of ILB joints have been studied by microsectioning, metallography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy. The gold rich Au/Sn(30/20 wt.%) eutectic structure and /spl zeta/ phase have been observed, However, it was found that the Au/Sn eutectic exhibit different structures as the bond temperature and pressure were changed. Binary Au/Sn and ternary Au/Sn/Cu intermetallic compounds have also been detected. The adhesion of the bonded interface has been studied by mechanical pull test. Lead pull values and the failure modes obtained are discussed with the result of microstructural evaluations.
Microstructure evolution of fumed silica compacts during compression, thermal treatment and doping process (2014)

AbstractThe effects of compression, thermal treatment and doping process on microstructure of fumed silica compacts were investigated by nitrogen adsorption analysis. The results showed that, during the compression process, the interspace among agglomerates could be continually compacted to form a regional superposed area filling of newborn nanopores to achieve considerable enhancement of effective porosity, which was measured by nitrogen adsorption. During thermal treatment process, adjacent particles in aggregate consolidated to induce the formation of a new bigger aggregate unit. The multistep nanoporous structure in fumed silica matrix could not be fundamentally changed after introducing nanosized Al2O3 powder. However, the regional nanoporous structure could be destroyed after introducing fibres.Keywords: NanoporousCompressionThermal TreatmentNitrogen AdsorptionMicrostructures AcknowledgementsThis research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 51274059) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (grant no. N100302011).
Neither Snow Nor Rain Nor MITM... (2015)

The SMTP protocol is responsible for carrying some of users' most intimate communication, but like other Internet protocols, authentication and confidentiality were added only as an afterthought. In this work, we present the first report on global adoption rates of SMTP security extensions, including: STARTTLS, SPF, DKIM, and DMARC. We present data from two perspectives: SMTP server configurations for the Alexa Top Million domains, and over a year of SMTP connections to and from Gmail. We find that the top mail providers (e.g., Gmail, Yahoo, and Outlook) all proactively encrypt and authenticate messages. However, these best practices have yet to reach widespread adoption in a long tail of over 700,000 SMTP servers, of which only 35% successfully configure encryption, and 1.1% specify a DMARC authentication policy. This security patchwork---paired with SMTP policies that favor failing open to allow gradual deployment---exposes users to attackers who downgrade TLS connections in favor of cleartext and who falsify MX records to reroute messages. We present evidence of such attacks in the wild, highlighting seven countries where more than 20% of inbound Gmail messages arrive in cleartext due to network attackers.
Identification of two regions of <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> pullulanase that together are capable of promoting β‐lactamase secretion by the general secretory pathway (1996)

Pullulanase (PulA) is a 116 kDa amylolytic lipoprotein secreted by the Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca via the general secretory pathway. A deletion strategy was used in an attempt to determine the nature and the location of the secretion signal(s) in PulA presumed to be necessary for its specific secretion. The starting material was a gene fusion coding for an efficiently secreted PulA-beta-lactamase hybrid protein. Successive series of exonuclease III-generated deletions were used to remove internal segments of PulA from this hybrid. A simple plate test allowed the identification of truncated hybrids that retained beta-lactamase activity and that were secreted. Two non-adjacent regions, A and B (78 and 80 amino acids, respectively), were together necessary and sufficient to promote beta-lactamase translocation across the outer membrane. Secretion of PulA itself was markedly reduced when either of these regions was deleted, and was completely abolished when both regions were eliminated.
Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulates Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2005)

Polyamine depletion prevents apoptosis by increasing serine/threonine phosphorylation leading to either inactivation or activation of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, respectively. Despite evidence that protein kinases are regulators of apoptosis, a specific role for protein phosphatases in regulating cell survival has not been established. In this study, we show that polyamine depletion inhibits serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Inhibition of PP2A in cells depleted of polyamines correlated well with increased phosphorylation of Bad at Ser112. Bad Ser112 phosphorylation in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha treatment decreased with time in cells grown in control as well as those grown in the presence of alpha-difluoromethylornithine plus putrescine. However, a sustained increase in the levels of Bad Ser112 phosphorylation was maintained in response to TNF-alpha treatment in cells grown in the presence of alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Inhibition of PP2A by okadaic acid and fostriecin or PP2A small interfering RNA transfection significantly decreased TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in control and polyamine-depleted cells. Inhibition of PP2A by okadaic acid: 1) increased Bad and Bcl-2 phosphorylation at Ser112 and Ser70, respectively; 2) increased ERK activity; 3) prevented JNK activation; 4) prevented cytochrome c release, and activation of caspases-9 and -3 in response to TNF-alpha. Inhibition of MEK1 by U0126 prevented phosphorylation of Bad at Ser112. These results indicate that polyamines regulate PP2A activity, and inhibition of PP2A in response to polyamine depletion increases steady state levels of Bad and Bcl-2 proteins and their phosphorylation and thereby prevents cytochrome c release, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activation.
Islet Antigen-Specific Th17 Cells Can Induce TNF-α–Dependent Autoimmune Diabetes (2014)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although Th1 cells are key orchestrators of T1D, the function(s) of the more recently identified Th17 subset are unclear due to inherent plasticity. In this study, we analyzed Th17 cells for stability and diabetogenicity in NOD mice. We found that like Th1 cells, Th17 are a distinct population throughout the prediabetic phase. At diabetes onset, there were marked increases in IL-17-producing Th17 cells and IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells in the pancreas as well as in the serum levels of these cytokines, indicating that these proinflammatory mediators serve as biomarkers of advanced autoimmunity. Although naturally occurring Th17 cells in diabetic mice did not contribute to diabetes development in transfer models, islet-specific Th17 cells were diabetogenic independently of IL-17 and displayed inflammation-induced Th17-to-Th1 reprogramming that could be elicited by Th1 cells. However, an inability to generate Th1 cells because of Stat4, Ifngr, and Ifng deficiencies did not prevent diabetes. Instead, TNF-α could mediate diabetes in response to either Th17 cells or Th1 cells. The results identify a previously unknown mechanism by which Th17 cells can contribute to T1D. Our studies also suggest that when developing interventions for T1D, it will be potentially advantageous to focus on mechanisms common to effector T cells rather than on the signature cytokines of various subsets.
Controllable hydrogen release via aluminum powder corrosion in calcium hydroxide solutions (2013)

Mechanism of aluminum powder corrosion in calcium hydroxide solutions was investigated via various analyses of residues after its hydrolysis reaction and pH change of the solutions to control the release of hydrogen gas. It was revealed that the reaction with a release of hydrogen gas consisted of katoite formation and hydration of aluminum. The katoite formation, which is progressed by the reaction among calcium ion, aluminum hydroxide anion (Al(OH)4−), and water molecules at the first step, is important for the promotion of aluminum corrosion and moderate release of hydrogen gas.
RECYCLING CROP RESIDUES FOR USE IN RECIRCULATING HYDROPONIC CROP PRODUCTION (1996)

As part of bioregenerative life support feasibility testing by NASA, crop residues are being used to resupply elemental nutrients to recirculating hydroponic crop production systems. Methods for recovering nutrients from crop residues have evolved from water soaking (leaching) to rapid aerobic bioreactor processing. Leaching residues recovered the majority of elements but it also recovered significant amounts of soluble organics. The high organic content of leachates was detrimental to plant growth. Aerobic bioreactor processing reduced the organic content ten-fold, which reduced or eliminated phytotoxic effects. Wheat and potato production studies were successful using effluents from reactors having with 8- to 1-day retention times. Aerobic bioreactor effluents supplied at least half of the crops elemental mass needs in these studies. Descriptions of leachate and effluent mineral content, biomass productivity, microbial activity, and nutrient budgets for potato and wheat are presented.