gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral delivery of lycopene-loaded microemulsion for brain-targeting: preparation, characterization, pharmacokinetic evaluation and tissue distribution (2019)

Lycopene is considered as a promising neuroprotector with multiple bioactivities, while its therapeutic use in neurological disorders is restricted due to low solubility, instability and limited bioavailability. Our work aimed to develop lycopene-loaded microemulsion (LME) and investigate its potentials in improving bioavailability and brain-targeting efficiency following oral administration. The blank microemulsion (ME) excipients were selected based on orthogonal design and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, and LME was prepared using the water titration method and characterized in terms of stability, droplet size distribution, zeta potential, shape and lycopene content. The optimized LME encompassed lycopene, (<i>R</i>)-(+)-limonene, Tween 80, Transcutol HP and water and lycopene content was 463.03 ± 8.96 µg/mL. This novel formulation displayed transparent appearance and satisfactory physical and chemical stabilities. It was spherical and uniform in morphology with an average droplet size of 12.61 ± 0.46 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.086 ± 0.028. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distributions of optimized LME were evaluated in rats and mice, respectively. The pharmacokinetic study revealed a dramatic 2.10-fold enhancement of relative bioavailability with LME against the control lycopene dissolved in olive oil (LOO) dosage form in rats. Moreover, LME showed a preferential targeting distribution of lycopene toward brain in mice, with the value of drug targeting index (DTI) up to 3.45. In conclusion, the optimized LME system demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties, enhanced oral bioavailability and superior brain-targeting capability. These findings provide a basis for the applications of ME-based strategy in brain-targeted delivery via oral route, especially for poorly water-soluble drugs.
ICP Emission Spectrometry: A Practical Guide (2003)

1. An Overview.Features of ICP-OES.Inductively - Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry-the Name Describes the Technique.Distribution of ICP-OES.Related Techniques for Elemental Analysis.Terms.2. Plasma.The Spectrometric Plasma.Excitation to Emit Electromagnetic Radiation (Light).Radio Frequency Generator.Sample Introduction System.3. Optics and Detector of the Spectrometer.Basic Principles of Optics.Detectors.Types of Emission Spectrometer Mounts.4. Method Development.Wavelength Selection.Preocessing and Correction Techniques.Non-spectral Interference.Optimization.Validation.5. Routine Analysis.Preparation.Calibration.Quality Assurance.Software and Data Processing.6. Trouble-shooting and Maintenance.7. Applications.General Notes.Comments on Selected Elements.Selected Applications.8. Procurement of Equipment and Preparation of the Laboratory.Which Atomic Spectrometric Technique is the most Suitable?Which ICP Emission Spectrometer is the Most Suitable?Preparation of the Laboratory.References.Index.
Spillover Effects in Stock Markets Under Asymmetric Information (2008)

In this paper, we investigate financial spillover effects among Asian stock markets under the asymmetric information from the U.S. stock market during the Asian crisis period. Using the past positive return of U.S. stock market as good news and negative return as bad news, we construct two VAR models with different information set to test the spillovers during the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. Based on the analysis, we infer that significant spillovers among the Asian stock markets are found and the routes of the crisis transmission among stock markets are different under asymmetric information. Furthermore, putting the cumulative impulse responses into VAR model, we find that the impulse effects appear to be larger during the crisis periods, if compared with the tranquil periods, and bad news innovations cause more impulse responses than good news innovations.

Key words:Asian Financial Crisis, Asymmetric Information, Spillover Effect, VAR Model
Synthesis of carbonyl-bridged peptides containing an α-fluoroglycine residue (2000)

Gabriel reaction of hydantoins with bromofluoroacetate provides a general method for the synthesis of carbonyl-bridged peptides containing an α-fluoroglycine residue.
Applied Virtual Instrumentation (2000)

Introduction: general issues in virtual instrumentation, software packages, basics of signal acquisition, personal computers and external devices hardware configuring, experimental set-up structure for vi illustration LabVIEW and HP VEE Packages - introduction, LabVIEW(tm) HP VEE(tm) signals and measuring configuration - signals and sources, DAQ measurement configurations, equivalent circuits for sensors, coupling sensors to measuring devices sensors - introduction, temperature transducers, pressure sensors, piezoelectric sensors, strain sensors, resistive potentiometers for position sensing, inductive sensors, hall effect sensors signal acquisition - analog to digital converter (A/D), digital to analog converter (DAC) data acquisition boards (DAQ), PCMCIA cards, data buses sensors characteristics measurement - measurement technique outline, PCM-DAS 16D/12 card, accelerometer sensor, rotary potentiometer for angular measurements, linear potentiometer for distance measurement, inductive sensor, thermocouples, universal library for LabVIEW instrument control - GPIB instrument control with HP VEE, component characteristics measurement using GPIB.
SNAP-25 is expressed in islets of Langerhans and is involved in insulin release. (1995)

SNAP-25 is known as a neuron specific molecule involved in the fusion of small synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. By immunolocalization and Western blot analysis, it is now shown that SNAP-25 is also expressed in pancreatic endocrine cells. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) A and E were used to study the role of SNAP-25 in insulin secretion. These neurotoxins inhibit transmitter release by cleaving SNAP-25 in neurons. Cells from a pancreatic B cell line (HIT) and primary rat islet cells were permeabilized with streptolysin-O to allow toxin entry. SNAP-25 was cleaved by BoNT/A and BoNT/E, resulting in a molecular mass shift of approximately 1 and 3 kD, respectively. Cleavage was accompanied by an inhibition of Ca(++)-stimulated insulin release in both cell types. In HIT cells, a concentration of 30-40 nM BoNT/E gave maximal inhibition of stimulated insulin secretion of approximately 60%, coinciding with essentially complete cleavage of SNAP-25. Half maximal effects in terms of cleavage and inhibition of insulin release were obtained at a concentration of 5-10 nM. The A type toxin showed maximal and half-maximal effects at concentrations of 4 and 2 nM, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggest a role for SNAP-25 in fusion of dense core secretory granules with the plasma membrane in an endocrine cell type- the pancreatic B cell.
Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations in Anisotropic Non-Hoek–Brown Rock Masses (2005)

Rocks available for the foundations of civil engineering structures are often jointed and behave anisotropically. This paper presents a method to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of non-Hoek–Brown rock masses. The method makes use of the mapping of joints in the field and simple laboratory tests on intact specimens of rock. Charts can be used to simplify computations in the field. The method uses Bell’s approach of computing bearing capacity, in which the ultimate bearing capacity is determined as the major principal stress at failure under a confining pressure acting on the mass beneath a smooth foundation. A simple parabolic equation is used to define the strength criterion. The uniaxial compressive strength of the jointed rock mass, which is an input parameter to the strength criterion, is determined using the joint factor concept.
TE interleaving: New multisection imaging technique (1991)

A new pulse sequence that increases the number of sections that can be acquired with a T2-weighted multisection imaging prescription is presented. The sequence achieves a higher efficiency in section acquisition per unit time by interleaving excitation and data collection for up to three separate sections during the long TE (greater than or equal to 80 msec) of a T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequence. The necessary modifications of the section-select and readout gradient waveforms for the implementation of TE-interleaved (TEI) sequences, with and without flow compensation, are described. Secondary- and stimulated-echo artifacts are present on some TEI images, but these can be controlled with appropriate spoiler gradients. The signal-to-noise ratio for contiguous sections is slightly reduced compared with that of a standard multisection pulse sequence. These observations indicate that the effects of radio-frequency section interference are enhanced by the TEI sequence.
Global Nature of Dynamic Protein-Chromatin Interactions In Vivo: Three-Dimensional Genome Scanning and Dynamic Interaction Networks of Chromatin Proteins (2004)

Genome structure and gene expression depend on a multitude of chromatin-binding proteins. The binding properties of these proteins to native chromatin in intact cells are largely unknown. Here, we describe an approach based on combined in vivo photobleaching microscopy and kinetic modeling to analyze globally the dynamics of binding of chromatin-associated proteins in living cells. We have quantitatively determined basic biophysical properties, such as off rate constants, residence time, and bound fraction, of a wide range of chromatin proteins of diverse functions in vivo. We demonstrate that most chromatin proteins have a high turnover on chromatin with a residence time on the order of seconds, that the major fraction of each protein is bound to chromatin at steady state, and that transient binding is a common property of chromatin-associated proteins. Our results indicate that chromatin-binding proteins find their binding sites by three-dimensional scanning of the genome space and our data are consistent with a model in which chromatin-associated proteins form dynamic interaction networks in vivo. We suggest that these properties are crucial for generating high plasticity in genome expression.
The Influence of Fluorine Substitution on Diels-Alder Reaction of 3-Vinylcoumarin and Ethylene (2003)

Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been applied to study the concerted mechanism of the Diels-Alder reaction between 3-vinylcoumarin and ethylene, as well as their fluorinated analogues. The main goal was to establish the fluorine influence on reactivity and structure of transition state (TS) and predict the reaction path. Computations were performed at the B3LYP/6-31G* level, which allowed to optimise the structure of reactants and products.
Airway reactivity in ponies with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves) (1985)

We measured lung function and airway reactivity to histamine administered by aerosol in two groups of ponies. Principal ponies had a history of heaves, a disease characterized by recurrent airway obstruction when ponies are housed in a barn and fed hay; control ponies had no history of airway obstruction. Ponies were paired (principal and control) and measurements were made when principal ponies were at pasture and in clinical remission (period A), following barn housing when principal ponies had acute airway obstruction (period B), and after a further 1 and 2 wk at pasture (periods C and D). At periods A, C, and D dynamic compliance (Cdyn), pulmonary resistance (RL), arterial O2 tension (PaO2), and CO2 tension (PaCO2) of principals and controls did not differ. Barn housing (period B) decreased Cdyn and PaO2 and increased RL in principals but not controls. The ED65Cdyn (the dose of histamine to reduce Cdyn to 65% of base line) did not differ in principals and controls at periods A, C, and D. At period B, ED65Cdyn decreased by 2.5-log doses of histamine in principals while ED65Cdyn was not affected in controls. There was no correlation between changes in airway reactivity and changes in RL and Cdyn. We conclude that ponies in clinical remission from heaves are not hyperreactive to histamine aerosol. This model of lung disease is similar to some forms of industrial asthma in which hyperreactivity occurs only during acute airway obstruction. The lack of correlation between ED65Cdyn and the degree of airway obstruction suggests that the hyperreactivity of principal ponies to histamine aerosol cannot be explained solely by alterations in baseline airway caliber.
Kqueue - A Generic and Scalable Event Notification Facility (2001)

Applications running on a UNIX platform need to be notified when some activity occurs on a socket or other descriptor, and this is traditionally done with the select() or poll() system calls. However, it has been shown that the performance of these calls does not scale well with an increasing number of descriptors. These interfaces are also limited in the respect that they are unable to handle other potentially interesting activities that an application might be interested in, these might include signals, file system changes, and AIO completions. This paper presents a generic event delivery mechanism, which allows an application to select from a wide range of event sources, and be notified of activity on these sources in a scalable and efficient manner. The mechanism may be extended to cover future event sources without changing the application interface.
Nucleophile‐Selective Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Vinyl and Alkynyl Bromides on a Dinucleophilic Aromatic Substrate (2015)

Abstract A nucleophile‐selective cross‐coupling reaction on an aromatic compound bearing two metal groups, Bpin and SnMe 3 , has been developed. Previously, only aryl bromides and iodides could be used as electrophilic components, but in this work, the scope could be extended to vinyl and alkynyl bromides as electrophiles. This means that the roles typical in Sonogashira couplings or Heck reactions of the aromatic ring as the dielectrophile coupling to vinyl and alkynyl metal species are reversed, which presents a new tool for organic synthesis. The first nucleophilic site to react is the stannyl group, and subsequently, a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction can take place on the same molecule.
Determination and Confirmation of Melamine Residues in Catfish, Trout, Tilapia, Salmon, and Shrimp by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2008)

Pet and food animal (hogs, chicken, and fish) feeds were recently found to be contaminated with melamine (MEL). A quantitative and confirmatory method is presented to determine MEL residues in edible tissues from fish fed this contaminant. Edible tissues were extracted with acidic acetonitrile, defatted with dichloromethane, and cleaned up using mixed-mode cation exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with hydrophilic interaction chromatography and electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Fish and shrimp tissues were fortified with 10-500 microg/kg (ppb) of MEL with an average recovery of 63.8% (21.5% relative standard deviation, n = 121). Incurred fish tissues were generated by feeding fish up to 400 mg/kg of MEL or a combination of MEL and the related triazine cyanuric acid (CYA). MEL and CYA are known to form an insoluble complex in the kidneys, which may lead to renal failure. Fifty-five treated catfish, trout, tilapia, and salmon were analyzed after withdrawal times of 1-14 days. MEL residues were found in edible tissues from all of the fish with concentrations ranging from 0.011 to 210 mg/kg (ppm). Incurred shrimp and a survey of market seafood products were also analyzed as part of this study.
The Human Autoantibody Response to Apolipoprotein A-I Is Focused on the C-Terminal Helix: A New Rationale for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease? (2015)

In addition to providing a rationale for the development of new approaches for the diagnosis and therapy of CVD, our observations may contribute to the elucidation of how anti-ApoA-I autoantibodies are elicited in individuals without autoimmune disease.
Two-dimensional phase gradient autofocus (2000)

ABSTRACT                                !  !    !   ! autofocus       !   # $  !  #$ %         &    !     !    '  (   !             )*+ !  ,-#./    !          ,         !           01  &     01 !  ! #$    *   !  2   01 !  3     !  Keywords:  !   #$ )*+  ,-#./       1. INTRODUCTION                          4        +     4 !        (    !    !  #    %     !    &     5       !                *        2   6 !    !     ! !    !                !   ,   % ! !  6        !  7      !    4   !               ! ! !  !                       !       6 !  &                   !           !6    !  !         !      ! !   !    !        !   & 5  ! !            !  ! ! !   
Immunoglobulin production induced in vitro by glucocorticoid hormones: T cell-dependent stimulation of immunoglobulin production without B cell proliferation in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. (1981)

The direct effects of steroid hormones on the production of immunoglobulins and DNA synthesis by human T and B lymphocytes was evaluated in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. As detected by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay, the addition of 0.1 mM to 10 nM hydrocortisone to lymphocytes in culture in the absence of other stimulants or mitogens, resulted in the dramatic induction of immunoglobulin production with responses comparable to those seen in similar cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen. Steroid-stimulated immunoglobulin production was first seen after 48 h and peaked at 8-10 d of culture. The production of IgG, IgA, and IgM was induced following incubation with steroid. Glucocorticoids, but not estrogens or androgens, were capable of mediating this effect, and only compounds with affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor were active. The induction of immunoglobulin production was dependent on both T cells and monocytes; cultures depleted of either cell type did not produce immunoglobulin when stimulated with glucocorticoid hormones. Proliferation of B cells or T cells could not be detected by [3H]thymidine incorporation or total cell recovery from steroid-stimulated cultures, even though such cultures demonstrated marked increases in immunoglobulin production. The mechanism responsible for this functional maturation of B cells to become high rate immunoglobulin producing cells is as yet undefined, although it appears to involve more than merely steroid mediated inactivation of suppressor T cells.
Bench Scale Liquid Extraction Techniques (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBench Scale Liquid Extraction TechniquesE. G. ScheibelCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 10, 1679–1684Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50574a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50574a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Variation of 52 new Y-STR loci in the Y Chromosome Consortium worldwide panel of 76 diverse individuals (2006)

We have established 16 small multiplex reactions of two-four loci to amplify 52 recently described single-copy simple Y-STRs and typed these loci in a worldwide panel of 74 diverse men and two women. Two Y-STRs were found to be commonly multicopy in this sample set and were excluded from the study. Of the remaining 50, four (DYS481, DYS570, DYS576 and DYS643) showed higher diversities than the commonly used loci and can potentially provide increased haplotype discrimination in both forensic and anthropological work. Ten loci showed occasional missing alleles, duplicated peaks or intermediate-sized alleles.
Exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells. (1993)

Recent advances have led to an increased understanding of the Ca(2+)-signalling pathway leading to exocytosis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Video-imaging studies have allowed the temporal and spatial aspects of the Ca2+ signal to be investigated in detail. Ca2+ entry at the plasma membrane appears to be crucial for the activation of exocytosis. Ca2+ can enter through the nicotinic channel or characterised voltage-activated channels, or through other poorly defined pathways due to a variety of agonists. Emptying of internal Ca2+ stores is sufficient to activate a Ca2+ entry pathway. The elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration leads to a reorganisation of the cortical actin network and to the triggering of exocytosis. Studies on permeabilised chromaffin cells have resulted in the identification of some of the proteins that control Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis. These include the peripheral plasma membrane protein annexin II and the cytosolic proteins, protein kinase C and 14-3-3 proteins (Exo1).
Determination of the Dopamine D2 Agonist N-0923 and Its Major Metabolites in Perfused Rat Livers by HPLC-UV-Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1994)

The metabolism of the dopamine D2 agonist N-0923 was investigated by an in vitro isolated liver perfusion. Determining the metabolic profile and identity of the different metabolites was achieved by using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, combined with atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. Using this technique, no extensive sample cleanup is required, and the studies can be performed without radioactivity. In addition to previously observed metabolites, nine new metabolic products were identified. All metabolites were exclusively excreted into the bile, except for the despropyl metabolite, which was also detectable in the perfusate. 5-O-Glucuronidation and N-depropylation followed by 5-O-glucuronidation are the most important metabolic routes. N-dealkylation of the thienylethyl group followed by 5-O-glucuronidation and sulfation is a second major metabolic pathway. Catechol formation of the despropyl metabolite with or without subsequent conjugation was not found. Catechol formation of the desthienylethyl metabolite occurred, but only its glucuronide conjugates were found. This study complements previous results of in vivo metabolic studies using the radiolabeled racemate N-0437, and it explains differences in bile excretion during isolated liver perfusions using N-0923 and radiolabeled N-0923.