gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defining and Classifying Learning Disabilities and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (1995)

This paper provides an overview of current conceptualizations of learning disabilities and ADHD, a conceptual framework critical for defining and classifying each disorder and for distinguishing each disorder from the other and from other, less common problems of childhood. At a most basic level, reading disability or dyslexia (the most common and best defined of the learning disabilities) and ADHD represent two distinct disorders that may frequently cooccur in the same unfortunate child but that can be clearly distinguished from one another. Reading disability represents a disorder of cognitive functioning. In contrast, ADHD is defined by the child's behavior as perceived by the child's parents and teachers; ADHD thus refers to a disorder affecting primarily the behavioral domain. Within the last decade, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of reading and reading disability. Converging evidence from several lines of investigation now indicates that reading ability conforms to a normal distribution model, so that there is a continuum of reading ability and reading disability. Children along this continuum differ by degree but not in kind. Cutoff points may be instituted to segment this continuous distribution, but these will be arbitrary and will not reflect any natural joints in nature; there is no second mode or "hump" in the distribution of reading ability. The normal model of reading and reading disability indicates that reading disability is related to normal reading ability, that there is a seamless transition from good to poor reading ability. Awareness of this relationship is critical to our approach to understanding the basis of reading disability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (2011)

FSHD results from a unique combination of genetic and epigenetic changes on 4q35 leading to release of repression of DUX4, causing disease in a toxic gain-of-function manner. Questions remain regarding the normal function of DUX4 and how expression of DUX4 in somatic cells leads to FSHD.
Spontaneous loss and alteration of antigen receptor expression in mature CD4+ T cells. (1990)

The TCR/CD3 complex plays a central role in antigen recognition and activation of mature T cells, and, therefore, abnormalities in the expression of the complex should induce unresponsiveness of T cells to antigen stimulus. Using flow cytometry, we detected and enumerated variant cells with loss or alteration of the surface TCR/CD3 expression among human mature CD4+ T cells. The presence of variant CD4+ T cells was demonstrated by isolating and cloning them from peripheral blood, and their abnormalities can be accounted for by alterations in TCR expression such as defects of protein expression and partial protein deletion. The variant frequency in peripheral blood increased with aging in normal donors and was highly elevated in patients with ataxia telangiectasia, an autosomal recessive inherited disease with defective DNA repair and variable T cell immunodeficiency. These findings suggest that such alterations in TCR expression are induced by somatic mutagenesis of TCR genes and can be important factors related to age-dependent and genetic disease-associated T cell dysfunction.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Human Corneal Limbal Stroma (2012)

Herein we report a novel observation that PLCSCs conform to all the ISCT criteria and are therefore MSCs. Furthermore, this study has identified the limbal stroma as yet another MSC niche and presents a new perspective on the role of the PLCSC.
Laser speckle contrast imaging of cerebral blood flow in humans during neurosurgery: a pilot clinical study (2010)

Monitoring cerebral blood flow (CBF) during neurosurgery can provide important physiological information for a variety of surgical procedures. CBF measurements are important for assessing whether blood flow has returned to presurgical baseline levels and for assessing postsurgical tissue viability. Existing techniques for intraoperative monitoring of CBF based on magnetic resonance imaging are expensive and often impractical, while techniques such as indocyanine green angiography cannot produce quantitative measures of blood flow. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is an optical technique that has been widely used to quantitatively image relative CBF in animal models in vivo. In a pilot clinical study, we adapted an existing neurosurgical operating microscope to obtain LSCI images in humans in real time during neurosurgery under baseline conditions and after bipolar cautery. Simultaneously recorded ECG waveforms from the patient were used to develop a filter that helped reduce measurement variabilities due to motion artifacts. Results from this study demonstrate the feasibility of using LSCI to obtain blood flow images during neurosurgeries and its capability to produce full field CBF image maps with excellent spatial resolution in real-time with minimal disruption to the surgical procedure.
Über amikroskopische Goldkeime. I. (1906)

In meiner Monographie: "Zur Erkenntnis der Kolloide" 8 ), habe ich gezeigt, dass man das mannigfache Verhalten der Goldrubingläser am besten erklären kann unter der Annahme, dass in dem farblosen, zuweilen optisch leeren Rubinglase neben einer kristalloiden Lösung metallischen Goldes noch amikroskopische Teilchen oder "Amikronen" 3 ) enthalten sind, welche beim Anlaufen 4 ) des Glases die Rolle von Kristallisationszentren übernehmen. Der Vorgang desAnlaufens, bei welchem das ursprünglich farblose Rubinglas rot wird, ist demnach so aufzufassen, dass das in kristalloider Lösung befindliche metallische Gold aus seiner Lösung an äusserst kleinen, schon vorhandenen Goldteilchen ausgeschieden wird, welche zu grössern (aber immer noch ultramikroskopischen Goldteilchen) heranwachsen.Die obere Grenze der Masse dieser herangewachsenen Goldteilchen lässt sich ultramikroskopisch bestimmen.Die daraus berechnete Lineardimension beträgt, je nach der Art des Glases, 4-30 (ip, auch mehr, bei den untersuchten Gläsern meist 7 -15 ftp, in verdorbenen Rubingläsem über 60-800(t/i s ).Die hier kurz wiedergegebene M An die Redaktion eingesandt am 31.Marz 1906.') Jena, Gustav Fischer 1905.Daselbst findet man auch die wichtigsten
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF DAY 14 BLAST PERCENTAGE AND THE ABSOLUTE BLAST INDEX IN BONE MARROW OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (2001)

The product of the percentage blasts on the bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and the biopsy cellularity has been termed the "absolute blast index aspirate" (ABI-aspirate) and is used to measure disease response on day 7 of induction therapy. The authors compared the event-free survival (EFS) in high-risk and standard-risk patients as identified by the ABI-aspirate and the BMA percentage blasts on day 14 of induction therapy. Both indices identified high-risk cases. EFS of patients categorized as high-risk by these 2 methods and the high-risk criteria used by the authors' service (WCC of > 20 x 10(9)/L, age < 2 and > 8 years and a peripheral blood blast count of > 1.0 x 10(9)/L on day 8 of induction) did not differ. There was concordance between patients identified as high risk by all 3 methods. The results confirmed the prognostic value of the ABI-aspirate and the BMA percentage blasts on day 14 of induction therapy, but these methods were not superior to the high-risk criteria currently in use.
Two mRNA transcripts (rBAT-1 and rBAT-2) are involved in system b0,(+)-related amino acid transport. (1993)

Previously, we isolated a cDNA clone (rBAT-1) of 2.2 kilobase pairs (kb) from a rabbit kidney cortex cDNA library, encoding a protein involved in sodium-independent transport of L-dibasic amino acids, L-cystine, and some neutral amino acids via a system related to b0,(+)-like activity (Bertran, J., Werner, A., Moore, M. L., Stange, G., Markovich, D., Biber, J., Testar, X., Zorzano, A., Palacin, M., and Murer, H. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89, 5601-5605). In Northern blot hybridization using an rBAT-1 cDNA probe, 2.2- and 3.9-kb mRNA species were observed. Here we describe the isolation of a 3.9-kb cDNA clone (rBAT-2) by expression cloning using Xenopus laevis oocytes corresponding to the 3.9-kb mRNA species. On the basis of sequence analysis, in vitro translation (major protein of approximately 78 kDa), and functional analysis (expression of transport function), we conclude that rBAT-1- and rBAT-2-related proteins are identical: 677 amino acids in length, with most likely only one transmembrane-spanning domain. There are seven differences in the nucleotide composition within a common overlap of 2189 nucleotides, resulting in 2 amino acid replacements. In comparison with rBAT-1, rBAT-2 has 26 additional nucleotides at the 5'-end, an identical location of the first polyadenylation signal, and approximately 1.7 kb of 3'-untranslated sequence (rich in AT(U) motifs) prior to a poly(A) tail of 63 adenines. We conclude that rBAT-1 and rBAT-2 encode the same protein and that the major difference seems to be related to the use of different polyadenylation signals.
Novel All-Solid-State Soil Nutrient Sensor Using Nanocomposite of Poly(3-Octyl-Thiophene) and Molybdenum Sulfate (2019)

Nitrate is a major macronutrient for plant growth. There is a high demand to develop robust, reliable, and maintenance-free soil sensors for long-term monitoring of nitrate variations in field. An ion-selective membrane-based solid-state nitrate sensor is developed using poly(3-octyl-thiophene)-molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite as an ion-to-electron transducing layer. The sensor offers a high sensitivity of 64 mV/decade, a dynamic range of 1-1500 ppm NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> -N, and an improved selectivity for nitrate detection in soils. The sensor has demonstrated the ability to continuously monitor soil nitrate concentrations over a period of four weeks.
Detecting FET Stuck-Open Faults in CMOS Latches And Flip-Flops (1986)

The authors present evidence that conventional tests cannot detect FET stuck-open faults in several CMOS latches and flip-flops. Examples are given to show that stuck-open faults can change static latches and flip-flops into dynamic devices-a danger to circuits whose operation requires static memory, since undetected FET stuck-open faults can cause malfunctions. Designs are given for several memory devices in which all single FET stuck-open faults are detectable. These memory devices include common latches, master-slave flip-flops, and scan-path flip-flops that can be used in applications requiring static memory elements whose operation can be reliably ascertained through conventional fault testing methods.
Enabling accent resilient speech based information retrieval (2012)

Voice interfaces to browsers and mobile applications are becoming popular as typing with touch screens is cumbersome. The main issue of practical speech based interfaces is how to overcome speech recognition errors. This problem is more severe when the users are non-native speakers of English due to differences in pronunciations. In this paper, we describe a novel, intelligent speech interface design approach for IR tasks that is significantly robust to accent variations. Our solution uses phonemic similarity based word spreading and semantic information based filtering to boost the accuracy of any ASR. We evaluated our solution with Google Voice as the ASR for a web question-answering system developed in-house and the results are very encouraging.
Oxidation of olefins and alcohols by peroxo-molybdenum complex derived from tris(cetylpyridinium) 12-molybdophosphate and hydrogen peroxide (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of olefins and alcohols by peroxo-molybdenum complex derived from tris(cetylpyridinium) 12-molybdophosphate and hydrogen peroxideYasutaka Ishii, Kazumasa Yamawaki, Tsutomu Yoshida, Toshikazu Ura, and Masaya OgawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 9, 1868–1870Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00385a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00385a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views839Altmetric-Citations147LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atomic-Scale Structure and Catalytic Reactivity of the RuO<sub>2</sub>(110) Surface (2000)

The structure of RuO(2)(110) and the mechanism for catalytic carbon monoxide oxidation on this surface were studied by low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density-functional calculations. The RuO(2)(110) surface exposes bridging oxygen atoms and ruthenium atoms not capped by oxygen. The latter act as coordinatively unsaturated sites-a hypothesis introduced long ago to account for the catalytic activity of oxide surfaces-onto which carbon monoxide can chemisorb and from where it can react with neighboring lattice-oxygen to carbon dioxide. Under steady-state conditions, the consumed lattice-oxygen is continuously restored by oxygen uptake from the gas phase. The results provide atomic-scale verification of a general mechanism originally proposed by Mars and van Krevelen in 1954 and are likely to be of general relevance for the mechanism of catalytic reactions at oxide surfaces.
Converted-wave reflection seismology over inhomogeneous, anisotropic media (1999)

Abstract Converted-wave processing is more critically dependent on physical assumptions concerning rock velocities than is pure-mode processing, because not only move-out but also the offset of the imaged point itself depend upon the physical parameters of the medium. Hence, unrealistic assumptions of homogeneity and isotropy are more critical than for pure-mode propagation, where the image-point offset is determined geometrically rather than physically. In layered anisotropic media, an effective velocity ratio gamma eff identical with gamma 22 /gamma 0 (where gamma 0 identical with V p /V s is the ratio of average vertical velocities and gamma 2 is the corresponding ratio of short-spread moveout velocities) governs most of the behavior of the conversion-point offset. These ratios can be constructed from P-wave and converted-wave data if an approximate correlation is established between corresponding reflection events. Acquisition designs based naively on gamma 0 instead of gamma eff can result in suboptimal data collection. Computer programs that implement algorithms for isotropic homogeneous media can be forced to treat layered anisotropic media, sometimes with good precision, with the simple provision of gamma eff as input for a velocity ratio function. However, simple closed-form expressions permit hyperbolic and posthyperbolic moveout removal and computation of conversion-point offset without these restrictive assumptions. In these equations, vertical traveltime is preferred (over depth) as an independent variable, since the determination of the depth is imprecise in the presence of polar anisotropy and may be postponed until later in the flow. If the subsurface has lateral variability and/or azimuthal anisotropy, then the converted-wave data are not invariant under the exchange of source and receiver positions; hence, a split-spread gather may have asymmetric moveout. Particularly in 3-D surveys, ignoring this diodic feature of the converted-wave velocity field may lead to imaging errors.
Hepatic arterial injection chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with epirubicin aqueous solution as numerous vesicles in iodinated poppy-seed oil microdroplets: clinical application of water-in-oil-in-water emulsion prepared using a membrane emulsification technique (2000)

Iodinated poppy-seed oil (IPSO) accumulates selectively in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when injected into the hepatic artery. This virtue has been applied to the hepatic arterial injection chemotherapy for the disease. We invented a new water-in-oil-in-water emulsion (W/O/W), in which IPSO microdroplets, 70 micrometer in diameter, were suspended in physiological saline enclosing numerous vesicles of an aqueous solution of epirubicin with remarkable stability. After hepatic arterial injection, the microdroplets accumulated only in HCC tissue and remained in the tissue for more than 3 weeks affecting tumor cells. Efficacy of the W/O/W has been fully proved clinically; the 6-year cumulative survival rate for 24 patients bearing HCC nodules recurrent after hepatectomy, including even 12 patients with four or more nodules, though prognosis of these patients is recognized very poor, was 24%.
Regulation of TSC2 by 14-3-3 Binding (2002)

Mutation in either the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor gene is responsible for the inherited genetic disease of tuberous sclerosis complex. TSC1 and TSC2 form a physical and functional complex to regulate cell growth. Recently, it has been demonstrated that TSC1.TSC2 functions to inhibit ribosomal S6 kinase and negatively regulate cell size. TSC2 is negatively regulated by Akt phosphorylation. Here, we report that TSC2, but not TSC1, associates with 14-3-3 in vivo. Phosphorylation of Ser(1210) in TSC2 is required for its association with 14-3-3. Our data indicate that 14-3-3 association may inhibit the function of TSC2 and represents a possible mechanism of TSC2 regulation.
OLED light extraction improvement with surface nano-micro texturation based on speckle lithography (2012)

Part of the light rays generated within a luminescent medium with a higher refractive index than that of the exit medium, typically air, undergo total internal reflection phenomenon (TIR); these rays will be trapped and guided into the emissive material and will not be extracted out of an OLED device for instance. Trapped light is reabsorbed and eventually converted into heat that will be detrimental to the device performance and lifetime. The amount of trapped energy is highly dependent on the values of the refractive indices involved in the multilayer stack constituting the light emitting device. The amount of trapped energy can be extensive and can even reach as much as 75% in certain cases. Solutions to improve the outcoupling efficiency are therefore attractive. In this paper we propose to use laser speckle to produce a random surface with controlled parameters to enhance the OLED outcoupling. A laser speckle pattern is transferred onto a photoresist which will be subsequently converted into a surface relief profile. The optical setup parameters drive the properties of such surface and thus the outcoupling properties. The resulting surface has a quasi-random shape which could be assimilated to a corrugated surface. We will show that these typical surfaces exhibit light extraction enhancement properties. The generated pattern is then transferred onto the exit interfaces of the emitting device. An extraction improvement close to a factor 3 is measured. We finally discuss a practical case for which the laser speckle shape is applied to texture the surface of encapsulating cover glasses in a top-emitting OLED on steel substrates.
Iterative butenolide construction of polypropionate chains (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIterative butenolide construction of polypropionate chainsGilbert Stork and Scott D. RychnovskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5, 1564–1565Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00239a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00239a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views826Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Shortest paths algorithms: theory and experimental evaluation (1994)

We conduct an extensive computational study of shortest paths algorithms, including some very recent algorithms. We also suggest new algorithms motivated by the experimental results and prove interesting theoretical results suggested by the experimental data. Our computational study is based on several natural problem classes which identify strengths and weaknesses of various algorithms. These problem classes and algorithm implementations form an environment for testing the performance of shortest paths algorithms. The interaction between the experimental evaluation of algorithm behavior and the theoretical analysis of algorithm performance plays an important role in our research.
A Study on LCoS-Based Remote Nodes for 60 GHz Fiber-Wireless Links (2012)

In this paper, we investigate and study the performance of a WDM-based 60 GHz mm-wave fiber-wireless link incorporating a liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS)-based programmable optical processor (POP) in the remote node (RN) for demultiplexing and processing of multiple channels. To ensure that the fiber-wireless link is compatible with existing WDM optical backbones, we have evaluated the performance of the 60 GHz link using a typical WDM channel plan with 100 GHz spacing. A number of different filter profiles are investigated for the POP within the RN and the link performance is quantified and fully characterized. To demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of the POP as a RN, we also investigate wavelength-interleaved 60 GHz fiber-wireless link which requires a more complex filter profile for channel demultiplexing. Our results demonstrate that the POP allows error-free reception of demultiplexed channels, though the performance depends on the type of profile used to process the individual channels.