gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo clonal dominance and limited T-cell receptor usage in human CD4+ T-cell recognition of house dust mite allergens. (1993)

Sensitivity to house dust mite antigens in atopic individuals is a major cause of allergic diseases, ranging from asthma to rhinitis and dermatitis. We have studied the T-cell receptor (TCR) usage of house-dust-mite-specific CD4+ T-cell clones isolated from an atopic individual, by using the anchored polymerase chain reaction, and have analyzed the peripheral TCR repertoire of the same individual. Several T-cell clones had identified TCRs at the sequence level, despite the fact that they had been independently isolated, in some cases, in different years. These data suggest the presence in vivo of long-lived T-cell clones. We have also shown that junctional sequences identical to these clones are present in peripheral blood T cells taken 6 years after the isolation of the T-cell clones. The analysis of TCR genes used by the panel of clones reveals oligoclonality, with the variable (V) region gene segments V alpha 8 and V beta 3 being dominant, although there is minimal conservation of junctional sequences. The results have implications for understanding the TCR recognition of an environmental aeroallergen and the life span of T-cell clones in vivo during a chronic immune response.
Epidemiology of Psoriasis (2006)

According to population-based European studies, 2-3% of the population are affected by psoriasis. However, commonly accepted and validated diagnostic criteria are lacking. Psoriasis patients, compared to those with other dermatological disorders, are among those who suffer the highest impact on their quality of life, and this affection is comparable to other common diseases. Several lifestyle factors including alcohol and smoking have been associated with psoriasis. There is also evidence for associations with other diseases including cancer. Treatment of psoriasis engenders considerable costs, which should always be taken into account together with the relevant clinical outcome parameters. Prevention of psoriasis is crucial, as in the case of other common chronic diseases where causative treatments are lacking, but has barely been studied.
Neuroprotection: Heat Shock Proteins (2002)

Cells respond to external stresses such as metabolic disturbances and injuries, including cerebral ischaemia (stroke), in a very typical manner. The cell mounts a stress response that incorporates the induction of a number of genes encoding proteins which may act to save the cell from death. Among these proteins are the so-called stress proteins (also known as heat shock proteins). Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is the major inducible stress protein and has long been thought to contribute to cell survival following potentially lethal stresses. This chapter highlights the involvement of HSP70 involvement in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischaemia, from the original reports of HSP70 expression after cerebral ischaemia to evidence of HSP70 neuroprotection and the potential mechanisms which might mediate this cellular protection.
Voice-activated networked workstation for a physically disabled physician (2002)

Investigators at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) Advanced Computer Applications Lab (ACAL), in conjunction with personnel from Integrated Voice Solutions, Inc. (IVS) and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), have developed an application which links a hospital information system with a remote workstation that accepts voice commands to operate a system for renewing, canceling and writing prescriptions. This integrated system provides a handicapped physician with a means of writing prescriptions without assistance, enhances his efficiency and the quality of patient care he is able to provide. This report describes the Point of Care Order Solution for Pharmacy Orders (PCOS/PO) and shows how voice technology can be used to enable physically disabled users to access mainstream computer work groups and information networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease (2004)

Platelet activation and aggregation are considered to be central to arterial thrombus formation. Antiplatelet therapy is therefore important for both the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Aspirin, the most widely used antiplatelet agent, inhibits platelet cyclo-oxygenase and the conversion of arachidonic acid to the potent platelet agonist thromboxane A(2) but does not prevent platelet activation occurring via various signalling pathways that are independent of thromboxane A(2) release. Therefore a number of other compounds have been developed to complement aspirin's beneficial effect. These include the thienopyridines (clopidogrel and ticlopidine), dipyridamole, and the alpha(IIb)beta(3) (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) receptor inhibitors.
The natural history of the anterior cruciate ligament autograft of patellar tendon origin (1986)

A rabbit model for ACL reconstruction using autogenous patellar tendon (PT) was used to study graft viability, its response to new physical forces, and the intrasynovial milieu. The autograft was assessed grossly, histologically, and biochemically with respect to time. Histologic observations demonstrated that autografts were centrally acellular with a peripheral rim of cells at 2 weeks, and had a central focal proliferation of cells at 3 weeks and cellular homogeneity by 4 weeks postoperation. Necrosis followed by cellular proliferation suggested that a population of cells other than the native PT fibroblasts may be inhabiting the graft. Graft sequestration experiments demonstrated that autografts are repopulated by cells of extrinsic origin after transplantation. Autografts showed a gradual assumption of the microscopic properties of normal ACL; by 30 weeks posttransplant the tissue characteristics were ligamentous in appearance. Histologic changes paralleled the biochemical metamorphosis: Type III collagen was not observed in PT; however, a gradual increase in its concentration was seen in the grafts; by 30 weeks its concentration (10%) was the same as in normal ACL. Similarly, glycosaminoglycan content increased from its normally low level in PT to that found in native ACL. Collagen-reducible cross-link analysis revealed that grafted tissue changed from the normal PT pattern of low dihydroxylysinonorleucine and high histidinohydroxymerodesmosine to the opposite pattern seen in normal ACL by 30 weeks. These data suggest that PT autografts undergo a process of "ligamentization" when placed in the ACL environment, and that cells responsible for this metamorphosis are of extragraft origin.
Prevalence and types of sleep disturbances acutely after traumatic brain injury (2008)

Anxiety is associated with sleep disturbances after TBI. Further studies need to be done to evaluate if this is a causal relationship.
Leigh Hunt's Letters in The Luther Brewer Collection: Plans for a New Edition (1965)

In 1934 the library acquired its magnificent Leigh Hunt collection from the estate of Luther Brewer of Cedar Rapids, a collection con taining more than 100 literary
Anthropometric craniofacial pattern profiles in Down syndrome (1993)

A series of 21 anthropometric craniofacial measurements was performed on 199 individuals with Down syndrome (DS), age 6 months to 61 years. These were compared to age and sex-matched normal standards, and Z score pattern profiles were constructed. These profiles confirmed brachycephaly and reduced ear length. With increasing age, maxillary growth was reduced in comparison to mandibular growth. Clinically, this was manifested by a change in facial shape from the characteristic round face of infancy to an oval shape in later life. Stepwise forward discriminant function analysis identified a subset of three variables (ear length, maxillary arc, and upper facial depth) which could accurately classify greater than 99% of the individuals in the combined sample of affected and unaffected individuals. Of the subjects with DS, 96.8% were classified correctly. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of anthropometric craniofacial pattern profiles in defining abnormal facial dimensions in particular syndromes and documenting the changes that occur with age. The technique should facilitate syndrome recognition, identification of carriers, and comparisons between syndromes.
<title>Optical tomography of human skin with subcellular spatial and picosecond time resolution using intense near infrared femtosecond laser pulses</title> (2002)

We describe the novel high resolution imaging tool DermaInspect 100 for non-invasive diagnosis of dermatological disorders based on multiphoton autofluorescence imaging (MAI)and second harmonic generation. Femtosecond laser pulses in the spectral range of 750 nm to 850 nm have been used to image in vitro and in vivo human skin with subcellular spatial and picosecond temporal resolution. The non-linear induced autofluorescence originates mainly from naturally endogenous fluorophores/protein structures like NAD(P)H, flavins, keratin, collagen, elastin, porphyrins and melanin. Second harmonic generation was observed in the stratum corneum and in the dermis. The system with a wavelength-tunable compact 80 MHz Ti:sapphire laser, a scan module with galvo scan mirrors, piezoelectric objective positioner, fast photon detector and time-resolved single photon counting unit was used to perform optical sectioning and 3D autofluorescence lifetime imaging (t-mapping). In addition, a modified femtosecond laser scanning microscope was involved in autofluorescence measurements. Tissues of patients with psoriasis, nevi, dermatitis, basalioma and melanoma have been investigated. Individual cells and skin structures could be clearly visualized. Intracellular components and connective tissue structures could be further characterized by tuning the excitation wavelength in the range of 750 nm to 850 nm and by calculation of mean fluorescence lifetimes per pixel and of particular regions of interest. The novel non-invasive imaging system provides 4D (x,y,z,t) optical biopsies with subcellular resolution and offers the possibility to introduce a further optical diagnostic method in dermatology.
Perfectly‐alternating linear (AB)<sub><i>n</i></sub>multiblock copolymers: Effect of molecular design on morphology and properties (2001)

Abstract Perfectly‐alternating linear (AB) n multiblock copolymers consist of n AB block pairs covalently linked in an alternating sequence. Although these copolymers can microphase‐order in the same fashion as their lower‐order ( n = 1) diblock analogs, the 2( n − 1) biconformational midblocks comprising each copolymer molecule have a considerable impact on microstructural characteristics and bulk properties. We have applied transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and extensional rheometry to examine and compare the morphologies and properties of two series of compositionally symmetric (lamellar) poly(styrene‐ b ‐isoprene) n (SI) n (1 ≤ n ≤ 4) multiblock copolymers. In one series, chain length was held constant allowing block mass ( M b ) to decrease with increasing n . In the second copolymer series, M b remained relatively invariant. Increasing n in these two series generally promoted reductions in both the lamellar period and upper (styrenic) glass‐transition temperature, but noticeable increases in tensile modulus and yield strength. These observed trends are more pronounced in the copolymer series with constant chain length due to the coupled relationship between n and M b . © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 947–955, 2001
Select corn coproducts from the ethanol industry and their potential as ingredients in pet foods (2008)

The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition and nutritive value of corn protein product 1 (CPP 1), corn protein product 2 (CPP 2), and corn fiber (CF), novel coproducts of the ethanol industry, and compare these feed ingredients with standard plant protein ingredients [soybean meal (SBM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), corn gluten meal (CGlM), and corn germ meal (CGeM)], and to compare CF sources (CF control 1 and control 2) with standard fiber sources (peanut hulls, Solka-Floc, and beet pulp) commonly used in pet foods. Corn fiber, CPP 1, and CPP 2 were produced at a pilot-scale modified dry-grind plant, with CPP 2 having a greater degree of purification than CPP 1. Crude protein values for CPP 2 and CPP 1 were 57.3 and 49.7%, respectively. Total dietary fiber concentration was 29% for CPP 2 and 23.5% for CPP 1. Acid-hydrolyzed fat and GE concentrations were similar for these ingredients. In a protein efficiency ratio assay, no differences (P > 0.05) in feed intake, BW gain, or CP intake were noted for CPP 2, CPP 1, or CGlM. However, feeding CPP 2 resulted in a greater (P < 0.05) G:F ratio and protein efficiency ratio than CPP 1 and CGlM. In a cecectomized rooster assay, CGlM had numerically the greatest standardized total AA, total essential AA, and total nonessential AA digestibilities, but they were not different (P > 0.05) from CPP 1 or SBM values. Corn germ meal resulted in the least values, but they were not different from those for DDGS and CPP 1. The greatest values for true nitrogen-corrected ME were obtained with CGlM, followed by CPP 2, DDGS, CPP 1, SBM, and CGeM. Distillers dried grains with solubles and CPP 1 had similar true nitrogen-corrected ME values, and they were not different from values for CPP 2 and SBM. In vitro CP disappearance was greatest (P < 0.05) for CGlM (94.1%), intermediate for DDGS (76.8%) and CPP 1 (77.5%), and least for CPP 2 (74.1%) and CGeM (67.7%). Corn fibers contained predominantly insoluble dietary fiber (1% or less of soluble dietary fiber), with a moderate CP concentration. In vitro OM disappearance for the fiber sources, when using inoculum from dog feces, revealed that with the exception of beet pulp, which had a moderate disappearance value after 16 h of fermentation (17.7%), all fiber substrates had a nonsignificant extent of fermentation. In conclusion, novel corn coproducts had properties comparable with the standard protein and fiber sources used in animal nutrition.
Polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid liposome induces human hepatoma cells apoptosis which correlates to the up‐regulation of RIG‐I like receptors (2008)

Toll-like receptor 3 and RIG-I like receptors (RLRs; MDA5, RIG-I) are involved in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. However, the toll-like receptor 3-related apoptotic pathway is insensitive to direct polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (dsRNA analog) stimulation in hepatoma cells. To determine whether the strategy of transferring polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid into cells (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-liposome) could induce apoptosis in hepatoma cells through cytoplasm receptors, we examined the responses of innate immune receptors RLRs and toll-like receptor 3 in response to different stimulation. We found that the apoptosis could exclusively be detected under polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-liposome stimulation, which involved the activation of the caspase pathway. Besides, the expression of RIG-I, MDA5, IFNbeta and interferon-stimulated gene 15 was increased significantly at an early stage. Moreover, the growth inhibition of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-liposome was confirmed in a mouse model. Taken together, these results suggest polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-liposome could be used as a potential apoptotic agent in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and imply a potential therapeutic strategy.
Repeated Exposure to Cruciferous Allyl Nitrile Protects against Chemically Induced Skin Inflammation in the Mouse (2012)

Repeated exposure to cruciferous allyl nitrile can induce antioxidant and phase 2 detoxification enzymes in various tissues. In the present study, we examined the effect of five days repeated exposure to allyl nitrile at subtoxic levels (0 - 400 μmol/kg/day) on the mouse ear. There was an increase in catalase activity in the ear at 100 - 400 μmol/kg/day, while elevated quinone reductase activity was observed at 400 μmol/kg/day only. Next, after repeated allyl nitrile exposure (0 - 400 μmol/kg/day), the skin irritant croton oil was applied to the ear to induce skin acute inflammation (oedema). Compared with the 0 μmol/kg/day group, animals in the 100 and 400 μmol/kg/day pre-treatment groups showed reduced oedematous response to croton oil. The reduced oedematous response was inversely associated with enhanced myeloperoxidase activity used as index of the presence of neutrophils. These data suggest that repeated exposure to allyl nitrile at subtoxic levels contributes to protection against croton oil-induced ear dermatitis, potentially through decreasing reactive oxygen species and through infiltration of neutrophils.
COLLECTIVE ADMINISTRATION OF LITERARY WORKS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE: THE BRITISH EXPERIENCE (1988)

Let us start with one moment of recorded (even perhaps of illicitly reproduced) history:
Pulmonary sequelae of intraparenchymal bismuth subgallate (1992)

Bismuth subgallate (BSG) is a heavy metal compound which is effective in lowering the incidence of hemorrhage after adenotonsillectomy and has been demonstrated to activate Factor XII. In a minority of children, the paste has been suctioned from the cuffless oral endotracheal tube after adenotonsillectomy. No pulmonary sequelae have been noted in these patients. To assess the effect of BSG aspiration, 75 rats were divided into groups receiving either intratracheal BSG or saline. Early and late parenchymal effects were documented at 5 and 30 days following administration. Although there were no differences in the general well-being, activity level, or weight in these rats, acute pneumonia followed by a histiocytic, foreign-body response was noted in a significant number of rats in the BSG group. Although no clinical pulmonary sequelae of BSG use have been noted in our patients, this information should alert clinicians to the risks of BSG use in the pulmonary-compromised patient, and encourage them to either employ all methods of preventing aspiration in such patients when using BSG, or to use another hemostatic modality for the utmost safety.
The giant channel of the inner mitochondrial membrane is inhibited by cyclosporin A (1991)

In patch-clamp experiments on rat liver mitoplasts, cyclosporin A inhibited the activity of the recently described (Petronilli, V., Szabó, I., and Zoratti, M. (1989) FEBS Lett. 259, 137-143) 1.3-nanosiemens channel of the inner mitochondrial membrane at concentrations in the 10(-8)-10(-7) M range. The inhibitor acts when present on the matrix side of membrane. The Ca2(+)-dependent "permeability transition channel" of mitochondria is inhibited by cyclosporin A in the same concentration range. The results suggest therefore that the same pore is responsible for the permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane and for the conduction of the high currents observed in electrophysiological experiments.
Analyses of gut microbiota and plasma bile acids enable stratification of patients for antidiabetic treatment (2017)

Antidiabetic medication may modulate the gut microbiota and thereby alter plasma and faecal bile acid (BA) composition, which may improve metabolic health. Here we show that treatment with Acarbose, but not Glipizide, increases the ratio between primary BAs and secondary BAs and plasma levels of unconjugated BAs in treatment-naive type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, which may beneficially affect metabolism. Acarbose increases the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota and depletes Bacteroides, thereby changing the relative abundance of microbial genes involved in BA metabolism. Treatment outcomes of Acarbose are dependent on gut microbiota compositions prior to treatment. Compared to patients with a gut microbiota dominated by Prevotella, those with a high abundance of Bacteroides exhibit more changes in plasma BAs and greater improvement in metabolic parameters after Acarbose treatment. Our work highlights the potential for stratification of T2D patients based on their gut microbiota prior to treatment.
Extraits du rapport 2004 sur l'Algérie (2004)

Excerpts from the 2004 report on Algeria, The annual report from Amnesty International documented the status of human rights in 155 countries and territories in 2003. It gives an overview of the evolution of human rights violations for each geographical region and presents the principal themes dealt with by Amnesty International (violence against women, social, economic and cultural rights, justice, protection of refugees and migrants). We have published excerpts of this report concerning the three countries that make up the Maghreb.
Synchronous logic synthesis: circuit specifications and optimization algorithms (2002)

Synchronous logic networks are characterized in terms of graphs, logic functions, and synchronous don't care conditions induced by the external and internal interconnection of the network. Algorithms to compute the don't care set for each local logic network. Algorithms to compute the don't care set for each logic function of the network from the synchronous don't care conditions that characterize the entire network are presented. Such local don't care conditions can be used to optimize locally each logic function to produce a smaller, faster, and better testable network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinical Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics (1999)

Physiology of Excitable Cells Organic Chemistry of a Local Anesthetic Molecule Physiology of Conduction Blockade Disposition of Local Anesthetics after They Are Injected Central Nervous System Toxicity Cardiac Toxicity Allergy to Local Anesthetics Procaine Chloroprocaine Tetracaine Cocaine Benzocaine Lidocaine Mepivacaine Prilocaine Etidocaine Bupivacaine Ropivacaine Dibucaine Chemical Alteration of Local Anesthetic Solutions to Increase the Speed of Onset of Conduction Block-Dextran Carbonation and Alkalinization Addition of Vasoconstrictors Tetracaine, Adrenaline, Cocaine Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics Compounding of Local Anesthetics Use of Local Anesthetic for Ambulatory Anesthesia Use of Local Anesthetics in Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Use of Local Anesthetics for Dentistry and Oral Surgery Use of Local Anesthetics in Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery Use of Local Anesthetics for General Surgery Use of Local Anesthetic with Gynecologic Surgery Local Anesthetics and Neurosurgery Use of Local Anesthetics in Obstetrics Use of Local Anesthetic for Ophthalmology Use of Local Anesthetics for Orthopedic Surgery Local Anesthesia and Pediatric Patients Use of Local Anesthetics for Plastic and Dermatologic Surgery Use of Local Anesthetics for Urologic Surgery Patients Use of Local Anesthetics for Vascular Surgery
Palmitoylation and membrane cholesterol stabilize μ-opioid receptor homodimerization and G protein coupling (2012)

We demonstrate that C3.55(170) is the palmitoylation site of OPRM1 and identify a cholesterol-palmitoyl interaction in the OPRM1 complex. Our findings suggest that this interaction contributes to OPRM1 signaling by facilitating receptor homodimerization and G protein coupling. This conclusion is supported by computational modeling of the OPRM1 homodimer.