gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Follicle-Deplete Mouse Ovary Produces Androgen1 (2004)

The follicle-depleted postmenopausal ovary is enriched in interstitial cells that produce androgens. This study was designed to cause follicle depletion in mice using the industrial chemical, 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), and characterize the steroidogenic capacity of cells in the residual ovarian tissue. From a dose-finding study, the optimal daily concentration of VCD was determined to be 160 mg/kg. Female B6C3F(1) immature mice were treated daily with vehicle control or VCD (160 mg kg(-1) day(-1), 15 days, i.p.). Ovaries were removed and processed for histological evaluation. On Day 15 following onset of treatment, primordial follicles were depleted and primary follicles were reduced to about 10% of controls. On Day 46, primary follicles were depleted and secondary and antral follicles were reduced to 0.7% and 2.6% of control, respectively. Seventy-five percent of treated mice displayed disruptions in estrous cyclicity. All treated mice were in persistent diestrus (acyclic) by Day 58. Plasma FSH levels were increased (P < 0.05) relative to controls on Day 37 and had plateaued by Day 100. Relative to age-matched cyclic controls, by Day 127, the significant differences in VCD-treated mice included reduced ovarian and uterine weights, elevated plasma LH and FSH, and reduced plasma progesterone and androstenedione. Furthermore, plasma 17beta-estradiol levels were nondetectable. Unlike controls, immunostaining for LH receptor, and the high density lipoprotein receptor (SR-BI), was diffuse in ovarian sections from VCD-treated animals. Ovaries from Day 120 control and VCD-treated animals were dissociated and dispersed cells were placed in culture. Cultured cells from ovaries of VCD-treated animals produced less LH-stimulated progesterone than control cells. Androstenedione production was nondetectable in cells from cyclic control animals. Conversely, cells from VCD-treated animals produced androstenedione that was doubled in the presence of insulin and LH (1 and 3 ng/ml). Collectively, these data demonstrate that VCD-mediated follicle depletion results in residual ovarian tissue that may be analogous to the follicle-deplete postmenopausal ovary. This may serve as a useful animal model to examine the dynamics of follicle loss in women as ovarian senescence ensues.
Design Strategies for Functionalized Poly(2-oxazoline)s and Derived Materials (2013)

The polymer class of poly(2-oxazoline)s currently is under intensive investigation due to the versatile properties that can be tailor-made by the variation and manipulation of the functional groups they bear. In particular their utilization in the biomedic(in)al field is the subject of numerous studies. Given the mechanism of the cationic ring-opening polymerization, a plethora of synthetic strategies exists for the preparation of poly(2-oxazoline)s with dedicated functionality patterns, comprising among others the functionalization by telechelic end-groups, the incorporation of substituted monomers into (co)poly(2-oxazoline)s, and polymeranalogous reactions. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art of poly(2-oxazoline) preparation and showcases prominent examples of poly(2-oxazoline)-based materials, which are retraced to the desktop-planned synthetic strategy and the variability of their properties for dedicated applications.
Publishing Linked Data from relational databases using traditional views (2010)

Many achieves have focused on how to publish Linked Data from the relational databases. However, with current RDB2RDF tools, they showed an unsatisfactory performance because of their inherent gaps between RDF Schema (RDFS) and RDB schema. In this paper, we give a light-weight Linked Data publication mechanism based on the traditional views, which make users retrieve the data from the relational databases as RDF datasets and pose SPARQL queries on the traditional web server. We also give a method which can transform the SPARQL queries into the SQL queries based on Jena ARQ parser. The experiment shows that our approach performs efficiently compared to other RDB2RDF tools.
A Thermal Simulator for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (1987)

Abstract Because of the relatively heavy oil (8 − 12° API) encountered in many naturally fractured reservoirs, thermal recovery processes could be viable recovery techniques to produce oil from these reservoirs. To facilitate the simulation of these processes, a simulator to model thermal effects in naturally fractured reservoirs has been developed. The model uses the double porosity concept and is three dimensional, three phase, and compositional. It allows the rock matrix block to be subdivided into a two-dimensional (r−z) grid block in order to study effects of gravity, capillary pressure, and mass and energy transfer between fractures and matrix blocks. The simulator is fully implicit and has a coupled wellbore mathmatical formulation, and simultaneously solves the unknowns for fractures and matrix blocks. An efficient solution procedure is implemented so that the cost of modelling naturally fractured reservoirs is not significantly greater than the cost of conventional single porosity thermal simulation. An example, steam injection into a five-spot pattern, is included to illustrate the significant effects of physical properties and model construction. Oil recovery predictions are sensitive to capillary pressure values, the number of cells used to divide the matrix block, and the size of the matrix blocks.
Low-dose radiation and its clinical implications: diabetes (2008)

Induction of hormesis and adaptive response by low-dose radiation (LDR) has been extensively indicated. Adaptive response induced by LDR was not only resistant to damage caused by a subsequently high-dose radiation, but also cross-resistant to other non-radiation challenges, such as chemicals. Mechanisms by which LDR induces the preventive effect on radiation- or chemical-induced tissue damage include induced or up-regulated expression of protective proteins, such as heat shock proteins and antioxidants. Since oxidative damage to tissues is a major pathogenesis of many human diseases including diabetes, this review will summarize the available data with an emphasis of the preventive effect of LDR on the development of diabetes and the therapeutic effect of LDR on diabetic cardiovascular complications. The available data indicated that pre-exposure of mice to LDR reduced the incidence of alloxan-induced diabetes, and also delayed the onset of hyperglycaemia in diabetes-prone non-obese diabetic mice. Experiments with animals indicated the effectively therapeutic effect of low-intensity or power laser (LIL or LPL) radiation on skin wound healing, which has stimulated clinical use of LIL to cure skin ulcer in diabetic patients. Mechanisms by which LDR prevents diabetes, though are unclear now, may include the induction of pancreatic antioxidants to prevent beta cell from oxidative damage and immunomodulation to preserve pancreatic function. For LIL therapeutic effect on diabetic wound healing, mechanisms may include its antioxidant action, immunomodulation, cell proliferation stimulation as well as improvement of systemic and wound-regional microcirculation. Therefore, although only a few studies indicating LDR prevention of the development of diabetes, many studies have demonstrated LDR, specifically LIL, therapeutic effectiveness of diabetic wound healing. These preliminary results are really encouraging for us to further pursue the clinical implication of LDT to diabetes-related areas.
Techniques for the creation of digital watermarks in sequential circuit designs (2001)

We present a methodology for the watermarking of synchronous sequential circuits that makes it possible to identify the authorship of designs by imposing a digital watermark on the state transition graph (STG) of the circuit. The methodology is applicable to sequential designs that are made available as firm intellectual property, the designation commonly used to characterize designs specified as structural hardware description languages or circuit netlists. The watermarking is obtained by manipulating the STG of the design in such a way as to make it exhibit a chosen property that is extremely rare in nonwatermarked circuits while, at the same time, not changing the functionality of the circuit. This manipulation is performed without ever actually computing this graph in either implicit or explicit form. Instead, the digital watermark is obtained by direct manipulation of the circuit description. We present evidence that no known algorithms for circuit manipulation can be used to efficiently remove or change the watermark and that the process is immune to a variety of other attacks. We present both theoretical and experimental results that show that the watermarking can be created and verified efficiently. We also test possible attack strategies and verify that they are inapplicable to realistic designs of medium to large complexity.
N-(.alpha.-Chlorobenzylidene)carbamoyl chloride. II. Reaction of N-(.alpha.-chlorobenzylidene)carbamoyl chloride with active methylene compounds (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-(.alpha.-Chlorobenzylidene)carbamoyl chloride. II. Reaction of N-(.alpha.-chlorobenzylidene)carbamoyl chloride with active methylene compoundsOtohiko Tsuge, Masashi Tashiro, and Shigeru HagioCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 9, 1228–1232Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00923a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00923a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Grain classification using aerodynamic principles. (2007)

Winnowing is the general age long method of separating chaff from grains. Classification processes such as cleaning and grading are done with machines such as aspirator, specific gravity separator, size grader/ sieve and destoner which result in increased unit cost, and space, energy and machine requirements. The feasibility of simultaneously utilizing air flow for both winnowing and classification of legume grains was investigated using a cross flow classifier. Data showed the possibility of using cross flow system for cleaning and classifying legume grains into density grades, especially when the blow angle is inclined at 22.5 to the horizontal. The performance of the cross flow classifying system compared favorably with an industrial specific gravity separator.
Platelet function abnormalities in Gaucher disease patients (1999)

Bleeding manifestations are common in Gaucher disease patients. Although usually attributed to thrombocytopenia, some patients with relatively high platelet counts and normal coagulation tests have hemorrhagic phenomena. To investigate whether perturbed platelet function could explain these bleeding manifestations we performed platelet aggregation tests on 32 type I adult Gaucher patients who were not severely thrombocytopenic (platelet counts >50 x 10(9)/L). Seven patients (22%) had abnormal platelet aggregation. In five, platelet aggregation was markedly reduced in response to collagen and ADP and virtually absent in response to epinephrine, whereas two patients had isolated severely impaired epinephrine-induced aggregation. In one patient platelet aggregation markedly improved following one year of enzyme replacement therapy. Incubating normal platelets with high concentrations of glucocerebroside did not impair their ability to aggregate, suggesting that plasma glucocerebroside does not directly interfere with platelet function. Platelet dysfunction is a hitherto unrecognised, relatively common cause of excessive bleeding in Gaucher patients.
Characterizing achievable rates in multi-hop wireless mesh networks with orthogonal channels (2005)

This paper considers the problem of determining the achievable rates in multi-hop wireless mesh networks with orthogonal channels. We classify wireless networks with orthogonal channels into two types, half duplex and full duplex, and consider the problem of jointly routing the flows and scheduling transmissions to achieve a given rate vector. We develop tight necessary and sufficient conditions for the achievability of the rate vector. We develop efficient and easy to implement Fully Polynomial Time Approximation Schemes for solving the routing problem. The scheduling problem is a solved as a graph edge-coloring problem. We show that this approach guarantees that the solution obtained is within 50% of the optimal solution in the worst case (within 67% of the optimal solution in a common special case) and, in practice, is close to 90% of the optimal solution on the average. The approach that we use is quite flexible and can be extended to handle more sophisticated interference conditions, and routing with diversity requirements.
Reverse translation of phase I biomarker findings links the activity of angiotensin-(1–7) to repression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α in vascular sarcomas (2012)

Ang-(1-7) has clinical and pre-clinical activity for vascular sarcomas that is linked to reduced HIF-1α and PlGF expression.
RESPONSES OF THE ISOLATED SYMPATHETIC NERVE‐DUCTUS DEFERENS PREPARATION OF THE GUINEA‐PIG (1961)

An isolated ductus deferens preparation together with the sympathetic hypogastric nerve of the guinea-pig is described. While the preparation showed no spontaneous contractions, nerve stimulation produced longitudinal contractions. The responses to successive periods of nerve stimulation remained constant for several hours. After noradrenaline had been added to the bath fluid for 30 min and then the fluid repeatedly changed to wash out the noradrenaline, the effect of nerve stimulation was greatly increased but declined in the course of 1 hr to the original height. Cocaine also increased the response to stimulation. Preparations made from guinea-pigs which had previously received reserpine responded to nerve stimulation with progressively diminishing contractions. In these circumstances, the administration of noradrenaline restored the response to nerve stimulation to that seen originally.
IL-6 and IFN-γ regulation of IL-10 production by human colon carcinoma cells (2001)

IL-10 has been shown to play a crucial role in immunosuppression in cancer patients. We explored the regulation of IL-10 production by TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-gamma in human colon carcinoma COLO205 cells. Northern analysis revealed a marked expression of IL-10 mRNA after stimulation by IL-6, and a marginal but significant expression by TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta or IFN-gamma. No IL-10 mRNA expression was observed when cells were untreated or incubated with IL-8. IL-10 in the culture supernatants showed good agreement with mRNA expression. In addition, IFN-gamma dose-dependently inhibited this IL-6-induced production of IL-10. MTT assay revealed that low dose IFN-gamma (1-10 ng/ml) had no effect on growth of COLO205 cells, but that high dose IFN-gamma (>100 ng/ml) significantly inhibited their proliferation. Northern analysis of COLO205 cells pretreated with IFN-gamma demonstrated that the IL-6R alpha chain was down-regulated. These results suggest that, in certain colon carcinoma cells, tumor-derived IL-10 production is directly regulated by systemic or local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IFN-gamma.
The excess of 5' introns in eukaryotic genomes (2005)

In this work, 21 completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes were analyzed using an intragene comparison approach. We found that all of these genomes show a significant 5'-biased distribution of introns of protein-coding genes. Our findings are different from previous studies based on the intergene method, where introns are biased towards the 5' end of genes only in intron-poor genomes, but are evenly distributed in intron-rich genomes. In addition, by analyzing the patterns of intron distribution of a set of well-compiled housekeeping genes from human and their respective orthologs identified by a bidirectional best BLAST hit method from the other genomes, we found that the trend of 5'-biased intron positions of the set of housekeeping genes for each genome is much more skewed than that of all genes of the same genome, and rarely if any of the housekeeping genes examined have an extremely 3'-biased position distribution in which all introns of a gene are located only at the 3' portion of the gene. The most parsimonious explanation for our findings may be the model in which intron loss is caused by homologous recombination between the genomic copy of a gene and a reverse transcriptase product of a spliced mRNA.
Development of an Integrated Genomic Classifier for a Novel Agent in Colorectal Cancer: Approach to Individualized Therapy in Early Development (2010)

These results indicate that an integrated approach to the development of individualized therapy is feasible and should be applied early in the development of novel agents, ideally in conjunction with late-stage phase I trials.
Do you need a Blockchain (2017)

Blockchain is being praised as a technological innovation which allows to revolutionize how society trades and\ninteracts. This reputation is in particular attributable to its\nproperties of allowing mutually mistrusting entities to exchange\nfinancial value and interact without relying on a trusted third\nparty. A blockchain moreover provides an integrity protected\ndata storage and allows to provide process transparency.\nIn this paper we critically analyze whether a blockchain is\nindeed the appropriate technical solution for a particular application scenario. We differentiate between permissionless (e.g.,\nBitcoin/Ethereum) and permissioned (e.g. Hyperledger/Corda)\nblockchains and contrast their properties to those of a centrally\nmanaged database. We provide a structured methodology to\ndetermine the appropriate technical solution to solve a particular\napplication problem. Given our methodology, we analyze in depth\nthree use cases — Supply Chain Management, Interbank and\nInternational Payments, and Decentralized Autonomous Organizations and conclude the article with an outlook for further\nopportunities.
It's about time (2004)

What is it about time that fascinates us so much? Perhaps we are challenged because time is not resident in any particular object that we can hold, but we can see its effects when we stare at the sweeping second hand, at leaves turning a color for another cycle of the seasons, or at the face of an old friend whom we have not seen in years. We become aware of time if we are forced to sit still, or look at speeded-up or slowed-down (time-lapse) photography, film, or video, but most often when we see the world in motion, dynamically evolving. Philosophers, poets, physicists, painters, and psychologists have spent their lives analyzing the etiology (causes and beginnings), ontology (essence), eschatology (end), and epistemology (what we can know) of time. Across most civilizations, cultures, and historic epochs, analysts and synthesizers (that is, designers) have tried to explore what we understand about time and how we can use this knowledge.
Poster Abstract: Low-Power Wireless IPv6 Routing with ContikiRPL (2010)

RPL is the IETF candidate standard for IPv6 routing in low-power wireless sensor networks. We present the first experimental results of RPL which we have obtained with our ContikiRPL implementation. Our results show that Tmote Sky motes running IPv6 with RPL routing have a battery lifetime of years, while delivering 0.6 packets per second to a sink node.
Photonic modes of metallodielectric periodic waveguides in the midinfrared spectral range (2006)

Coupling waveguide modes with localized resonances such as surface plasmons leads to a strong modification of the waveguide properties. We theoretically investigate the case of metallodielectric structures in the midinfrared spectral range and we demonstrate strong coupling between guided modes and surface modes, which is not related to conventional surface plasmons. This can be attributed to surface waves existing even on perfect electric conductors. We predict the existence of a low-loss mode, which interacts strongly with the metal grating. We expect that this result will have a strong impact on midinfrared photonics, such as distributed-feedback lasers or infrared photodetectors.
An octahedral shear strain-based measure of SNR for 3D MR elastography (2011)

A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measure based on the octahedral shear strain (the maximum shear strain in any plane for a 3D state of strain) is presented for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), where motion-based SNR measures are commonly used. The shear strain, γ, is directly related to the shear modulus, μ, through the definition of shear stress, τ = μγ. Therefore, noise in the strain is the important factor in determining the quality of motion data, rather than the noise in the motion. Motion and strain SNR measures were found to be correlated for MRE of gelatin phantoms and the human breast. Analysis of the stiffness distributions of phantoms reconstructed from the measured motion data revealed a threshold for both strain and motion SNR where MRE stiffness estimates match independent mechanical testing. MRE of the feline brain showed significantly less correlation between the two SNR measures. The strain SNR measure had a threshold above which the reconstructed stiffness values were consistent between cases, whereas the motion SNR measure did not provide a useful threshold, primarily due to rigid body motion effects.