gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
At-risk system identification via analysis of discussions on the darkweb (2018)

Threat assessment of systems is critical to organizations' security policy. Identifying systems likely to be at-risk by threat actors can help organizations better defend against likely cyber attacks. Currently, identifying such systems to a large extent is guided by the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). Previous research has demonstrated poor correlation between a high CVSS score and at-risk systems. In this paper, we look at hacker discussions on darkweb marketplaces and forums to identify the platforms, vendors, and products likely to be at-risk by hackers. We propose a reasoning system that combines DeLP (Defeasible Logic Programming) and machine learning classifiers to identify systems based on hacker discussions observed on the darkweb. The resulting system is therefore a hybrid between classical knowledge representation and reasoning techniques and machine learning classifiers. We evaluate the system on hacker discussions collected from nearly 300 darkweb forums and marketplaces provided by a threat intelligence company. We improved precision by 15%-57% while maintaining recall over baseline approaches.
Illustration of regression towards the means (2008)

Abstract This article, presents a procedure for generating a sequence of data sets which will yield exactly the same fitted simple linear regression equation y = a + bx. Unless rescaled, the generated data sets will have progressively smaller variability for the two variables, and the associated response and covariate will ‘regress’ towards their unconditional sample means. Keywords: graphical analysisleast squaressimple regression
Reliable Sensing of Leaks in Pipelines (2013)

Leakage is the major factor for unaccounted losses in every pipe network around the world (oil, gas or water). In most cases the deleterious effects associated with the occurrence of leaks may present serious economical and health problems. Therefore, leaks must be quickly detected, located and repaired. Unfortunately, most state of the art leak detection systems have limited applicability, are neither reliable nor robust, while others depend on user experience. In this work we present a new in-pipe leak detection system, PipeGuard. PipeGuard performs autonomous leak detection in pipes and, thus, eliminates the need for user experience. This paper focuses on the detection module and its main characteristics. Detection in based on the presence of a pressure gradient in the neighborhood of the leak. Moreover, the proposed detector can sense leaks at any angle around the circumference of the pipe with only two sensors. We have validated the concepts by building a prototype and evaluated its performance under real conditions in an experimental laboratory setup.
Complex cadherin expression in renal cell carcinoma. (1996)

E-cadherin is an intercellular adhesion protein expressed by most epithelia. Decreased expression of E-cadherin correlates with tumor aggressiveness in most carcinomas. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), however, this correlation is not well established and the prevalence of negative tumors is higher than in other carcinomas. Our immunofluorescence study of alpha-catenin expression in 20 RCC cell lines revealed a typical honeycomb staining pattern in all of the lines, whereas only six expressed E-cadherin. This suggested that other cadherins are expressed in RCC lines. Indeed, immunoprecipitation with an anti-alpha-catenin antibody resulted in coprecipitation of proteins of Mr 125,000-135,000. Using Western blot, these proteins react with a pan-cadherin antibody. To identify these cadherin related proteins, RT-PCR using degenerated primers and sequence comparisons was carried out. We then assessed the expression of the identified cadherins. N-cadherin mRNA was present in all cell lines; and cadherin 6 mRNA was seen in 16 lines. Cadherin 11 (mRNA) and E-cadherin (protein) were expressed in five and six lines, respectively. A cadherin 4 transcript was observed in only one line, whereas no P-cadherin protein could be detected. Expression of the four main cadherins was also found in normal kidney (two samples tested) and RCC specimens (four samples). Thus, RCC and normal kidney express a complex set of cadherins.
Intervertebral Disc Composition in Neuromuscular Scoliosis (2001)

Study Design. An analysis of the variation in glycosaminoglycan, water content, and cell density with disc level in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis. Objectives. To determine whether the composition of the apical disc differed from that of adjacent discs in the same spine. Summary of Background Data. Compositional differences between the convex and concave sides of scoliotic discs have been noted and are thought to be secondary to altered loading. However, there is little information on changes relative to the apex. Methods. Intact wedges of disc obtained during anterior fusion procedures were taken from 23 discs of 6 patients with neuromuscular scoliosis. Radial profiles of glycosaminoglycan, water content, and cell density were measured. Concentrations were compared at a standard distance (5 mm) into the disc and plotted versus spinal level. Results. Glycosaminoglycan and water content were lowest in the outer annulus and increased steadily toward the disc center, whereas the cell density was highest in the outer 2 mm, fell steeply and then remained constant. At 5 mm from the annulus edge, cell density was lowest in apical discs and, in most cases, was noticeably higher in adjacent discs of the same spine. At the same point, there was no consistent change in glycosaminoglycan/dry weight from disc to disc, indicating no significant proteoglycan loss. However, glycosaminoglycan/tissue water, and therefore swelling pressure, was highest in the apical discs, suggesting that these discs were the most heavily loaded. Conclusions. The loss of cells from the disc at the curve apex probably arose because this disc experiences greater mechanical stress or is more deformed than its neighbors. The decrease in cell density was not associated with major changes in tissue composition, possibly because rates of degradation and of synthesis were reduced, leaving the matrix largely unchanged.
Federation Payments using SAML Tokens with Trusted Platform Modules (2007)

In this paper, a new federation payment scheme is introduced. Since most federations use offline payments by creating invoices at the end of a specified time span, the approach of Payment Tokens with Trusted Platform Modules guarantees reliable on-the-fly payments without having to contact a payment provider each time a payment is required.
Seldinger Technique for Tenckhoff Catheter Placement (1991)

The Seldinger technique can be applied to the placement of chronic peritoneal dialysis catheters. With strict adherence to criteria identifying low risk patients, the procedure is comparatively safe, simple, usually better tolerated, and likely to be less costly than laparotomy placement. Using a straight Tenckhoff catheter with a subcutaneously placed single cuff, our one year catheter survival is similar to the multicenter data reported by The National CAPD Registry.
Grundbegriffe der Handelsbetriebslehre (1991)

Die Beschäftigung mit einigen ausgewählten Grundbegriffen der Handelsbetriebslehre erfolgt nicht in enzyklopädischer Absicht, sondern aus folgenden Gründen:
Double smoothing for time-varying distributed multiuser optimization (2014)

Constrained optimization problems that couple different cooperating users sharing the same communication network are often referred to as multiuser optimization programs. We are interested in convex discrete-time time-varying multiuser optimization, where the problem to be solved changes at each time step. We study a distributed algorithm to generate a sequence of approximate optimizers of these problems. The algorithm requires only one round of communication among neighboring users between subsequent time steps and, under mild assumptions, converges linearly to a bounded error floor whose size is dependent on the variability of the optimization problem in time. To develop the algorithm we employ a double regularization both in the primal and in the dual space. This increases the convergence rate and helps us in the convergence proof. Numerical results support the theoretical findings.
Reductive ring opening of N-benzoylaziridine by anthracene hydride (anion of 9,10-dihydroanthracene) via base-induced fragmentation of the intermediate carbonyl adduct (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive ring opening of N-benzoylaziridine by anthracene hydride (anion of 9,10-dihydroanthracene) via base-induced fragmentation of the intermediate carbonyl adductHelmut Stamm, Thomas Mall, Reinhard Falkenstein, Juergen Werry, and Dieter SpethCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 7, 1603–1607Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00268a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00268a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Physiological effects of flow and pressure triggering during non- invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1997)

BACKGROUND: The effect of the type of trigger system on inspiratory effort has been studied in intubated patients, but no data are available in non-invasive mechanical ventilation where the "trigger variable" may be even more important since assisted modes of ventilation are often employed from the beginning of mechanical ventilation. METHODS: The effect of flow triggering (1 and 5 1/min) and pressure triggering (-1 cm H2O) on inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation (PSV) and assisted controlled mode (A/C) delivered non-invasively with a full face mask were compared in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recovering from an acute exacerbation. The patients were studied during randomised 15 minute runs at zero positive end expiratory pressure (ZEEP). The oesophageal pressure time product (PTPoes), dynamic intrinsic PEEP (PEEPi,dyn), fall in maximal airway pressure (delta Paw) during inspiration, and ventilatory variables were measured. RESULTS: Minute ventilation, respiratory pattern, dynamic lung compliance and resistances, and changes in end expiratory lung volume (delta EELV) were the same with the two triggering systems. The total PTPoes and its pre-triggering phase (PTP due to PEEPi and PTP due to valve opening) were significantly higher during both PSV and A/C with pressure triggering than with flow triggering at both levels of sensitivity. delta Paw was larger during pressure triggering, and PEEPi,dyn was significantly reduced during flow triggering in the A/C mode only. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with COPD flow triggering reduces the inspiratory effort during both PSV and A/C modes compared with pressure triggering. These findings are likely to be due to a reduction in PEEPi,dyn and in the time of valve opening with a flow trigger.
AudioPrint: An efficient audio fingerprint system based on a novel cost-less synchronization scheme (2013)

This paper presents the latest improvements on AudioPrint: the IRCAM audio fingerprint system. Cosine filters are introduced in the short-term spectral analysis, in order to compensate the effect of pitch shifting, and a simple solution is proposed for the determination of the frame positions, robust to audio degradations, with nearly no additional cost. We then show that both contributions significantly improve the Audio-Print system, with evaluations both on a free corpus, made publicly available, and a real-world corpus of broadcast radio streams.
SOI structures by selective epitaxial lateral overgrowth (2003)

Selective epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of silicon has been investigated in the SiH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2//HCl/H/sub 2/ system at reduced pressure and reduced temperature with emphasis on achieving high-quality silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures for device applications. For these SOI structures to be viable in device applications, the ELO silicon must have good uniformity across the wafer. This would not be so difficult if the horizontal growth rate were much greater than the vertical growth rate. Presently this ratio is about 1:1. Because the vertical height is large it was necessary to etch back to form the thin (<1 mu m) ELO silicon over SiO/sub 2/. To detach the ELO silicon for forming these SOI structures, trench isolation was then applied close to the edge of the seed windows. Three key steps were required to make a high-quality ELO-SOI structure: the cleaning of the silicon surface in the oxide-masked wafers prior to growth, the planar merging of crystal growth fronts and the subsequent etching back to form thin ELO silicon. A uniformity of about 2% was obtained after growth and etchback under certain conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
100 mm dynamic stencils pattern sub-micrometre structures (2011)

Dynamic stencil lithography uses a moving shadow-mask to draw patterns by having directionally evaporated material deposited through the stencil apertures onto the substrate. Sub-micrometre, two-dimensional patterning is demonstrated at full 100 mm wafer scale, with two examples emphasizing this technique's unique features. Structures having a width-modulated height below a certain aperture size are fabricated by moving the stencil according to a two-dimensional trajectory. Variable-period gratings are obtained by translating a row of apertures at different orientations with respect to the row's axis. Despite the long deposition sequences one could envision for a stencil in dynamic mode, the apertures' active life-time in the sub-micrometre domain remains limited by the material's accretion on the membrane, resulting in the eventual clogging of the openings. A novel solution to this problem containing a micro-heater embedded in the membrane is described and its effectiveness in preventing material from clogging the apertures is demonstrated.
Temperature dependent energy level shifts of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (2011)

Magnetic resonance and fluorescence spectra of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers ensemble in high purity diamond sample were measured, with temperature ranging from 5.6 K to 295 K. Both microwave and optical transition energies have similar nonlinear temperature dependent changes, which might mainly originate from the local thermal expansion. As the frequency shifts will reduce the fidelity of resonant quantum control, the present results demonstrate the necessity of taking temperature fluctuation into consideration. For temperature below 100 K, the transition energies show tendencies to be constant, which indicate higher stability and performance in applications with NV centers.
Effect of Dry Fibrin Sealant Dressings versus Gauze Packing on Blood Loss in Grade V Liver Injuries in Resuscitated Swine (1999)

In this model of grade V liver injury, blood loss with the DFSD was 51% of that observed with standard gauze packing (not statistically different). Initial survival data revealed no complications attributable to the fibrin dressing. DFSD may provide simple, rapid, and definitive hemorrhage control in life-threatening liver injuries without the need for reoperation.
Control of endogenous phosphorylation of the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes by insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation. (1990)

In isolated, 32Pi-loaded, rat adipocytes, we have examined phosphorylation of the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase) substrate, a protein that appears to be associated with the lipid storage droplet and migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a 65-67-kDa doublet. In control cells, a strong phosphorylation signal is detected as the (+/- cAMP) A-kinase activity ratio ranges from approximately 0.1 to approximately 0.3-0.4 with increasing isoproterenol concentrations. By contrast, insulin-treated cells exhibiting A-kinase activity ratios over the range of 0.1-0.25 contain less 32P in the 65-67-kDa protein than control cells exhibiting identical A-kinase activity ratios. At higher activity ratios (greater than 0.3), this reduction in phosphorylation of the 65-67-kDa protein by insulin disappears. It is concluded that insulin stimulates a phosphatase activity that acts on the 65-67-kDa protein. Insulin actions aside, these studies reveal two interesting phenomena. 1) Whereas elevated, steady-state A-kinase activities are established rapidly (1-2 min) upon isoproterenol stimulation, phosphorylation of the 65-67-kDa substrate proceeds through a burst, followed by a decline to a steady-state level by 10-12 min. An "adaptation" mechanism, providing for a constant response to a constant stimulus, may underlie this lack of parallelism between the time course of phosphorylation and A-kinase activity. 2) Removal of [32Pi] orthophosphate immediately before isoproterenol stimulation leads to a rapid (t approximately 10 min) loss in labeling of the 65-67-kDa protein, whereas the phosphorylation state of other phosphoproteins are not changed. These data suggest that elevation of A-kinase activity leads to a rapid exchange of external Pi with an ATP pool that is used by A-kinase.
Modelling Reservoir Geometry with Non-Rectangular Coordinate Grids (1980)

ABSTRACT This paper describes a practical method for using non-rectangular grids in reservoir simulation. Such grids can easily be constructed for two- or three-dimensional studies: for example, when the boundary of the reservoir is irregular; or, when the reservoir layers have varying thickness across the reservoir; or, to approximate principal fluid-flow directions such as in pattern displacements. Although use of such grids has been described before, the need for analytic calculation of coordinate functions, or the calculation of coordinate derivatives, has previously precluded the routine use of these methods. In the present case a novel construction for non-rectangular grid systems is presented. This consists of approximating an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system by straight line segments. The curvilinear system is not analytically derived but is drawn by the engineer to conform to irregular geometry and porosity and permeability trends. A new method for calculating inter-block transmissibilities and block pore-volumes is given. Other topics covered include changing grid systems during simulation, use of a radial grid in the vicinity of every well in a reservoir and convergence of a curvilinear grid in 1/8th of a five-spot pattern. Use of the method is illustrated by a heavy-oil steam-flood in a dipping symmetry element of a seven-spot pattern.
Transfection of Molecularly Cloned HIV Genomes (1990)

The ability to introduce molecularly cloned HIV genomes into cells has two major applications: producing stocks of pure molecularly defined virus and studying HIV biology and regulation in a well-defined genetic system. Because an individual may be infected by more than one virus and because different viral variants can be generated in vivo, virus isolated from human or animal specimens may well be a mixture of genetically distinct viruses. In contrast, virus produced from a molecularly cloned genome is a homogeneous population of identical virions, at least in early passages after transfection. For this reason, a number of important questions concerning HIV and SIV biology will be best answered if the virus used in the experiments is genetically well characterized and viral stocks are made from the molecular clone soon after transfection. Studies on the nature and importance of the viral genetic variability in vivo are one example of a question that can be precisely addressed only using molecularly cloned viruses. This section of this chapter will describe approaches to introduce viral genomes into cells to derive viral stocks as well as techniques to transiently express wild-type or mutated viral genomes to address questions related to the primate retrovirus biology.
Ruthenium‐Based Mixed Oxides as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution in Acid Electrolytes (1981)

Ruthenium oxide, prepared by the thermal decomposition method, has the highest known initial electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution in acid electrolyte. However, this material is not stable in the electrolyte and at the same time exhibits a significant increase of oxygen overpotential with time, probably due to a chemical transformation of the oxide from a lower to a higher valence state. Efforts were made to stabilize ruthenium by preparing mixed oxides with Ir and/or Ta using the thermal decomposition method. The electrocatalytic activities for oxygen evolution on these oxides in were determined using the potentiostatic method. The surface areas of these oxides were estimated using cyclic voltammetry. Dual Tafel slopes (approximately 30 and 40 mV) were found on most of these oxides. The ternary oxide exhibited a single Tafel slope of 30 mV, had the lowest overpotential, and showed minimum variation of overpotential with time.
[Primary Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome with necrotizing polymyositis: favorable effect of hydroxychloroquine]. (1987)

A 61-year-old woman was admitted for acute arthralgias and proximal weakness in all four limbs. Clinical examination found xerostomia, xerophthalmia, enlarged parotid glands. The Schirmer test was positive and the salivary gland biopsy showed a mononuclear, lymphoid, sometimes nodular infiltrate. A muscle biopsy showed necrotizing myopathy with perifascicular atrophy. The patient refused steroids and was given hydroxychloroquine (600 mg daily). She improved gradually, and one year later there were no further complications. The favorable course both of Sjögren's syndrome and polymyositis with hydroxychloroquine treatment is unexpected. This led us to suppose that both could have had a common cause.