gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimising conducted common mode EMI by charge balancing in a nonisolated DC-DC converter (2004)

Common mode current is a major concern in switch mode power supplies. As the magnitude of current increases so too does the size of supply side EMI filtering elements. An antiphase winding implementing a charge balancing technique can produce good results, but requires the use of external capacitors and a well defined ground. A new implementation of the charge balancing technique is presented here that does not require any external components and makes use of the inherent parasitic capacitance of the magnetic component. The technique is particularly successful with a planar magnetic component. A description of how charge balancing is achieved is presented as well as limiting conditions. Experimental results are shown to verify the theory.
Real-time disparity estimation algorithm for stereo camera systems (2011)

This paper proposes a real-time stereo matching algorithm using GPU programming. The likelihood model is implemented using GPU programming for real-time operation. And the prior model is proposed to improve the accuracy of disparity estimation. First, the likelihood matching based on rank transform is implemented in GPU programming. The shared memory handling in graphic hardware is introduced in calculating the likelihood model. The prior model considers the smoothness of disparity map and is defined as a pixel-wise energy function using adaptive interaction among neighboring disparities. The disparity is determined by minimizing the joint energy function which combines the likelihood model with prior model. These processes are performed in the multi-resolution approach. The disparity map is interpolated using the reliability of likelihood model and color-based similarity in the neighborhood. This paper evaluates the proposed approach with the Middlebury stereo images. According to the experiments, the proposed algorithm shows good estimation accuracy over 30 frames/second for 640×480 image and 60 disparity range. The proposed disparity estimation algorithm is applied to real-time stereo camera system such as 3-D image display, depth-based object extraction, 3-D rendering, and so on.
The Adobe Illustrator WOW! Book for CS6 and CC (2014)

For decades, Sharon Steuer and her international WOW! team have been showcasing the worlds best artists and designers working in Illustrator. In this expanded edition of the best-selling and award-winning Illustrator WOW! Book, youll find hundreds of tips, tricks, and techniques derived from actual projects from top Illustrator artists. Youll learn to use new features, discover exciting ways to create complex effects, and find fresh ways to use venerable old tools andspeed up your workflow. This edition includes coverage of the 2014 release and is loaded with and lessons with stunning new artwork that feature: Painting and generating objects with raster brushes Harnessing Live Corners, Live Rectangles, and new ways to reshape paths Manipulating live type characters with the Touch Type tool Creating airbrush and neon effects with gradients on strokes Building complex styles with multiple lines, fills, and effects Composing complex repeating patterns Auto-generating corners for pattern brushes Incorporating transparency into mesh and gradients Building and modifying scenes in perspective and 3D Transforming raster art to Illustrator vectors Preparing artwork for animation and the web Integrating Illustrator with Photoshop and other apps Creating photorealism in Illustrator WOW! ONLINE Register the book at peachpit.com/register to access artwork to pick apart and special PDFs from artists to you. Keep up with tips on the latest Illustrator features at WOWartist.com.
Functional Characterization of Dehydratase/Aminotransferase Pairs from Helicobacter and Campylobacter (2005)

Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni have been shown to modify their flagellins with pseudaminic acid (Pse), via O-linkage, while C. jejuni also possesses a general protein glycosylation pathway (Pgl) responsible for the N-linked modification of at least 30 proteins with a heptasaccharide containing 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose, a derivative of bacillosamine. To further define the Pse and bacillosamine biosynthetic pathways, we have undertaken functional characterization of UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc modifying dehydratase/aminotransferase pairs, in particular the H. pylori and C. jejuni flagellar pairs HP0840/HP0366 and Cj1293/Cj1294, as well as the C. jejuni Pgl pair Cj1120c/Cj1121c using His(6)-tagged purified derivatives. The metabolites produced by these enzymes were identified using NMR spectroscopy at 500 and/or 600 MHz with a cryogenically cooled probe for optimal sensitivity. The metabolites of Cj1293 (PseB) and HP0840 (FlaA1) were found to be labile and could only be characterized by NMR analysis directly in aqueous reaction buffer. The Cj1293 and HP0840 enzymes exhibited C6 dehydratase as well as a newly identified C5 epimerase activity that resulted in the production of both UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-arabino-4-hexulose and UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-xylo-4-hexulose. In contrast, the Pgl dehydratase Cj1120c (PglF) was found to possess only C6 dehydratase activity generating UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-xylo-4-hexulose. Substrate-specificity studies demonstrated that the flagellar aminotransferases HP0366 and Cj1294 utilize only UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-arabino-4-hexulose as substrate producing UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-beta-L-AltNAc, a precursor in the Pse biosynthetic pathway. In contrast, the Pgl aminotransferase Cj1121c (PglE) utilizes only UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-xylo-4-hexulose producing UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-GlcNAc (UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose), a precursor used in the production of the Pgl glycan component 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose.
A novel search scheme for nonintrusive load monitoring systems (2012)

A nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) system analyzes the changes of voltage and current on an electrical circuit and can disaggregate the usage and power consumption of appliances on the same circuit loop according to different power consumption signatures of the appliances. An NILM system is regarded as one of the most important features for energy monitoring and management in a smart home and building. Advances in computing, communication and storage technologies further make an NILM system possible to accommodate a huge amount of power consumption signatures of appliances, and to detect appliances and/or appliance states through database search techniques. In this study, we propose a low-cost NILM system for a smart home and building to facilitate end users contributing the power consumption signatures of their appliances to a datacenter through confirmations or feedbacks of the NILM search. Based on those user contributed datasets, a new NILM search algorithm is then presented in this paper. To evaluate and compare the performance and accuracy of NILM search results by employing the proposed and existing approaches, an evaluation test-bed is established. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing algorithms and can achieve 85% to 96% accuracy of appliance state detections.
Spinal p38 MAP kinase is necessary for NMDA-induced spinal PGE2 release and thermal hyperalgesia (2003)

Based on previous work, we hypothesized that activation of spinal NMDA-receptor initiates activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway, leading to spinal release of prostaglandins and hyperalgesia. Accordingly, we examined the effect of intrathecal SD-282, a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, on NMDA-induced release of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and thermal hyperalgesia. Inhibition of spinal p38 MAPK attenuated both NMDA-evoked release of PGE(2) and thermal hyperalgesia. NMDA injection led to increased phospho-p38 MAPK immunoreactivity in superficial (I-II) dorsal laminae. Co-labeling studies revealed co-localization of activated p38 MAPK predominantly with microglia but also with a small subpopulation of neurons. Taken together these data suggest a role for p38 MAPK in NMDA-induced PGE(2) release and hyperalgesia, and that microglia is involved in spinal nociceptive processing.
Insights into the pathogenesis of vein graft disease: lessons from intravascular ultrasound (2004)

The success of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is limited by poor long-term graft patency. Saphenous vein is used in the vast majority of CABG operations, although 15% are occluded at one year with as many as 50% occluded at 10 years due to progressive graft atherosclerosis. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has greatly increased our understanding of this process. IVUS studies have shown that early wall thickening and adaptive remodeling of vein grafts occurs within the first few weeks post implantation, with these changes stabilising in angiographically normal vein grafts after six months. Early changes predispose to later atherosclerosis with occlusive plaque detectable in vein grafts within the first year. Both expansive and constrictive remodelling is present in diseased vein grafts, where the latter contributes significantly to occlusive disease. These findings correlate closely with experimental and clinicopathological studies and help define the windows for prevention, intervention or plaque stabilisation strategies. IVUS is also the natural tool for evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacological and other treatments that may prevent or slow the progression of vein graft disease in clinical trials.
Silicon Oxide Nafion Composite Membranes for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Operation at 80-140°C (2002)

Silicon oxide/Nafion composite membranes were studied for operation in hydrogen/oxygen proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) from 80 to 140°C. The composite membranes were prepared either by an impregnation of Nafion 115 via sol-gel processing of tetraethoxysilane or by preparing a recast film, using solubilized Nafion 115 and a silicon oxide polymer/gel. Tetraethoxysilane, when reacted with water in an acidic medium, undergoes polymerization to form a mixture of and siloxane polymer with product hydroxide and ethoxide groups. This material is referred to as When Nafion is used as the acidic medium, the /siloxane polymer forms within the membrane. All composite membranes had a silicon oxide content of less than or equal to 10 wt %. The silicon oxide improved the water retention of the composite membranes, increasing proton conductivity at elevated temperatures. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy experiments indicated an evenly distributed siloxane polymer of in the composite membranes. At a potential of 0.4 V, silicon oxide/Nafion 115 composite membranes delivered four times the current density obtained with unmodified Nafion 115 in a PEMFC at 130°C and a pressure of 3 atm. Furthermore, silicon oxide-modified membranes were more robust than the control membranes (unmodified Nafion 115 and recast Nafion), which degraded after high operation temperature and thermal cycling. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Separation of Carboxylic Acids from Aqueous Solutions using Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors (2019)

Separation of formic, acetic, and propionic acids from the aqueous stream using membrane solvent extraction has been studied using three diﬀerent membrane contactors made of polysulfone (PS), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyvinylidene ﬂuoride (PVDF) using two diﬀerent solvents; including ethyl acetate (EA) and diisopropyl ether (DIPE). The efciency of the membrane and extractants were obtained by partitioning coefcient comparison. The overall mass transfer coefcient was determined by resistance in series model. The results indicated signifcant diﬀerence amongst the performance of the membranes for the same system, even though one usually would expect the membrane only to play a role in facilitating high interfacial mass transfer contact area. The observable results of high distribution coefcient were obtained for the propionic acid with the PVDF membrane and EA as an extractant, on the other hand, the formic acid with PVDF and EA as extractants obtained a better mass transfer coefcient of 9×10-6 m/s.
Detection and characterization of horizontal transfers in prokaryotes using genomic signature (2005)

Horizontal DNA transfer is an important factor of evolution and participates in biological diversity. Unfortunately, the location and length of horizontal transfers (HTs) are known for very few species. The usage of short oligonucleotides in a sequence (the so-called genomic signature) has been shown to be species-specific even in DNA fragments as short as 1 kb. The genomic signature is therefore proposed as a tool to detect HTs. Since DNA transfers originate from species with a signature different from those of the recipient species, the analysis of local variations of signature along recipient genome may allow for detecting exogenous DNA. The strategy consists in (i) scanning the genome with a sliding window, and calculating the corresponding local signature (ii) evaluating its deviation from the signature of the whole genome and (iii) looking for similar signatures in a database of genomic signatures. A total of 22 prokaryote genomes are analyzed in this way. It has been observed that atypical regions make up approximately 6% of each genome on the average. Most of the claimed HTs as well as new ones are detected. The origin of putative DNA transfers is looked for among approximately 12 000 species. Donor species are proposed and sometimes strongly suggested, considering similarity of signatures. Among the species studied, Bacillus subtilis, Haemophilus Influenzae and Escherichia coli are investigated by many authors and give the opportunity to perform a thorough comparison of most of the bioinformatics methods used to detect HTs.
Mapping by multifragment cloning in vivo. (1995)

An efficient method for mapping mutations is described in which hybrid genes, derived partly from mutant and partly from wild-type DNA, are obtained in vivo by homologous recombination of multiple fragments. The recombinants are formed in a strain in which their phenotypes are immediately apparent. This method was developed to identify changes that disrupt protein-protein interactions demonstrable by the two-hybrid system in yeast. However, it can be extended to any system where recombination is possible, provided an assay is available to distinguish between mutant and wild-type phenotypes.
Using software architecture for code testing (2004)

Our research deals with the use of software architecture (SA) as a reference model for testing the conformance of an implemented system with respect to its architectural specification. We exploit the specification of SA dynamics to identify useful schemes of interactions between system components and to select test classes corresponding to relevant architectural behaviors. The SA dynamics is modeled by labeled transition systems (LTSs). The approach consists of deriving suitable LTS abstractions called ALTSs. ALTSs offer specific views of SA dynamics by concentrating on relevant features and abstracting away from uninteresting ones. Intuitively, deriving an adequate set of test classes entails deriving a set of paths that appropriately cover the ALTS. Next, a relation between these abstract SA tests and more concrete, executable tests needs to be established so that the architectural tests derived can be refined into code-level tests. We use the TRMCS case study to illustrate our hands-on experience. We discuss the insights gained and highlight some issues, problems, and solutions of general interest in architecture-based testing.
The N‐Terminal Amino Acid Sequences of the Firefly Luciferase Are Important for the Stability of the Enzyme (1998)

Abstract The structural and catalytic role of the N‐terminal amino acid sequence of Photinus pyralis luciferase was investigated by site‐directed mutagenesis. The firefly luciferase activity of a series of deletion and site‐directed mutants in the amino‐terminal region was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The mutant luciferases were produced either by in vitro transcription and translation or by expressing the cDNA encoding firefly luciferase in the yeast Saccha‐romyces cerevisiae as a fusion protein to the galactose DNA binding domain protein. Deleting the N‐terminal amino acid residues from 3 to 10 dramatically reduced the luciferase activity to less than 1% of the wild‐type activity. A marked decrease in the activity (to 5%) was also observed with the Lys8Glu mutant. The Glyl 0Arg and ProllAla mutants showed20–30% activity compared to the wild type. On the other hand, mutant Asn6Lys retained the wild‐type activity level. Randomizing3–11 N‐terminal amino acids also showed a marked decrease in activity (1%). The mutant luciferases with extremely low levels of enzymatic activity were thermally unstable. These mutational and stability data correlate with the crystal structure of firefly luciferase in which specific amino acids in the N‐terminal region form hydrogen bonds to the amino acids in the neighboring p‐stranded sheet. Because the N‐terminal region is not part of the active site, the present results suggest that the highly conserved N‐terminal amino acid sequences of the firefly luciferase are important for stabilizing the protein in its proper conformation for optimal enzyme activity.
Trimming of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: The End Result (2006)

Abstract A debate surfaced in the neonatal literature over two years ago questioning the safety and efficacy of trimming peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) prior to insertion. An investigation was undertaken to define the risks and benefits of doing so and evaluate the methods of trimming PICCs. When trimmed by 1 of 3 methods, conclusive evidence revealed that the method of catheter trimming affects the integrity of the catheter tip. Additional study is required to determine whether catheter tip alteration impacts patient outcomes.
2-Amino-<i>N</i>-pyrimidin-4-ylacetamides as A<sub>2A</sub>Receptor Antagonists: 2. Reduction of hERG Activity, Observed Species Selectivity, and Structure−Activity Relationships (2008)

Previously we have described a series of novel A 2A receptor antagonists with excellent water solubility. As described in the accompanying paper, the antagonists were first optimized to remove an unsubstituted furyl moiety, with the aim of avoiding the potential metabolic liabilities that can arise from the presence of an unsubstituted furan. This effort identified a series of potent and selective methylfuryl derivatives. Herein, we describe the further optimization of this series to increase potency, maintain selectivity for the human A 2A vs the human A 1 receptor, and minimize activity against the hERG channel. In addition, the observed structure-activity relationships against both the human and the rat A 2A receptor are reported.
Electrical characterization of 1.2kV SiC MOSFET at extremely high junction temperature (2018)

Threshold voltage and channel mobility of 1.2kV SiC MOSFET at high junction temperature up to 700°C have been extracted and analyzed for the first time, by virtue of a specially designed short-circuit measurement technique we developed. During the short-circuit operation, the junction temperature of the SiC MOSFET can rise significantly within a few microseconds, which can be extracted based on the short-circuit waveforms and electro-thermal calculations. The SiC MOSFET investigated in this work can maintain normally-off operation at a junction temperature up to 700°C. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of the temperature dependence of the threshold voltage and channel mobility are also discussed.
Opportunistic Hybrid ARQ—Enabler of Centralized-RAN Over Nonideal Backhaul (2014)

Centralized radio access networks rely on transport networks with very high throughput and very low latency. In the case of nonideal backhaul, it may be necessary to only centralize parts of the radio access network. This implies several timing and protocol constraints, e.g., predefined timing of retransmissions due to hybrid ARQ. In this paper, an opportunistic hybrid-ARQ approach is introduced, which estimates the decoding error probability at the radio access points and directly provides feedback to mobile terminals, while actual decoding is performed at the central processor. Furthermore, an effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is derived, which allows for the use of a single mapping curve.
Broad Resistance to Tobamoviruses Is Mediated by a Modified Tobacco Mosaic Virus Replicase Transgene (1993)

Tobacco plants made transgenic to express the wild type tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 183-kDa replicase gene were not resistant to TMV. However, transgenic plants containing essentially the same sequences, but with an additional insertion that would terminate translation in the middle of the 183-kDa gene, were highly resistant to systemic infection by TMV and other tobamoviruses. The 1.4-kbp insertion in the replicase open reading frame (ORF) of the resistant plants was shown by DNA sequencing to be an IS10-like transposable element, which apparently inserted itself into the TMV sequence at nucleotide 2875 sometime during the propagation of this replicase ORF plasmid (pREP21). Because of four stop codons, in frame with the TMV replicase ORF on the immediate 5' border of the IS insertion, REP21 effectively represents domain 1 (putative methylase domain) and a portion of domain 2 (putative helicase domain) of the TMV replicase ORF. REP21 Xanthi tobacco plants had a level of resistance to TMV similar to other reported transgenic replicase plants. No TMV was detected in upper leaves of these plants at 1-mo postinoculation. In addition, REP21 plants were resistant to an unusually broad range of tobamoviruses including tomato mosaic virus, tobacco mild green mosaic virus, TMV-U5, green tomato atypical mosaic virus, and ribgrass mosaic virus. These plants were not resistant to cucumber mosaic cucumovirus. The lack of systemic infection by TMV was due to reduced multiplication in inoculated leaves rather than complete prevention of replication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Potential benefits of chewing gum for the delivery of oral therapeutics and its possible role in oral healthcare (2016)

Evidence for oral-health benefits of chewing gum additives is hard to obtain due to their relatively low concentrations and rapid wash-out. Clinical effects of gum additives are overshadowed by effects of increased mastication and salivation due to the chewing of gum and require daily chewing of gum for prolonged periods of time. Future studies on active ingredients should focus on specifically targeting pathogenic bacteria, whilst leaving the healthy microbiome unaffected.
Intra-frame coding with recursive intra prediction and adapted block transforms (2014)

Conventional intra-frame coding is performed in two steps. First, a block of pixels are predicted by copying previously reconstructed neighbor pixels of the block along an angular direction inside the block. Then, the prediction residual block is transform-coded with the well-known 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Recently, it has been shown that transforming the intra prediction residuals with the odd type-3 Discrete Sine Transform (ODST-3) along the prediction direction and the DCT along the perpendicular direction improves the compression performance. More recently, a recursive prediction approach has been proposed for intra prediction. In this paper, we show that combining the recursive intra prediction approach and the ODST-3/DCT transform improves overall intra-frame compression performance relative to using only one of these methods. We also show that this performance can be improved further by developing transforms specifically adapted to the prediction residuals of the recursive intra prediction approach.