gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome-scale identification of MLO domain-containing genes in soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L. Merr.) (2012)

In plants, powdery-mildew-resistance locus o (Mlo) genes encode proteins that are calmodulin-binding proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes. However, systematic characterization of this gene family in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) has not been yet reported. In this study, we identified MLO domain-contained members in soybean and examined their expression under phytohormone treatment and abiotic stress conditions. A total of 20 soybean Mlo genes were identified (GmMlo1-20), which are distributed on 13 chromosomes, and display diverse exon-intron structures. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Mlo family can be classified into four subfamilies. Sequence comparison was used to reveal the conserved calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD) in GmMLO proteins. The expression of GmMlo genes was influenced by various phytohormone treatments and abiotic stresses, suggesting that these Mlo genes have various roles in the response of soybean to environmental stimuli. Promoter sequence analysis revealed an overabundance of stress and/or phytohormone-related cis-elements in GmMlo genes. These data provide important clues for elucidating the functions of genes of the Mlo gene family.
Multi-Cast Attention Networks for Retrieval-based Question Answering and Response Prediction (2018)

Attention is typically used to select informative sub-phrases that are used for prediction. This paper investigates the novel use of attention as a form of feature augmentation, i.e, casted attention. We propose Multi-Cast Attention Networks (MCAN), a new attention mechanism and general model architecture for a potpourri of ranking tasks in the conversational modeling and question answering domains. Our approach performs a series of soft attention operations, each time casting a scalar feature upon the inner word embeddings. The key idea is to provide a real-valued hint (feature) to a subsequent encoder layer and is targeted at improving the representation learning process. There are several advantages to this design, e.g., it allows an arbitrary number of attention mechanisms to be casted, allowing for multiple attention types (e.g., co-attention, intra-attention) and attention variants (e.g., alignment-pooling, max-pooling, mean-pooling) to be executed simultaneously. This not only eliminates the costly need to tune the nature of the co-attention layer, but also provides greater extents of explainability to practitioners. Via extensive experiments on four well-known benchmark datasets, we show that MCAN achieves state-of-the-art performance. On the Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus, MCAN outperforms existing state-of-the-art models by $9\%$. MCAN also achieves the best performing score to date on the well-studied TrecQA dataset.
An image processing system for the analysis of speckle photographs (1986)

A fully automatic electro-optical system for measuring the displacement field from a double exposure speckle photograph is described. The optical processing section projects the power spectrum of a small region of the photograph onto a high quality image digitiser, based on a mechanically scanned photodiode array. The image is processed by microcomputer by transformation to the 2D frequency domain, where the displacement components are easily extracted. The accuracy and reliability achieved by these techniques are illustrated by typical experimental results.
Comparison of isomer separation on carbon-clad microporous zirconia and on conventional reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography supports (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of isomer separation on carbon-clad microporous zirconia and on conventional reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography supportsT. P. Weber and P. W. CarrCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 23, 2620–2625Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00222a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00222a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiplexed single-cell in situ RNA analysis by reiterative hybridization (2015)

A novel method to quantify the identities, positions, and copy numbers of a large number of different RNA species in single cells has been developed by reiterative cycles of target hybridization, fluorescence imaging and photobleaching.
.omega.,.omega.,.omega.-Trifluoroamine acids (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.omega.,.omega.,.omega.-Trifluoroamine acidsRobert M. Babb and F. W. BollingerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 5, 1438–1440Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00830a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00830a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dead Sea mineral-based cosmetics--facts and illusions. (1996)

Modern Dead Sea cosmetics have developed in order to meet the demands of new regulations, technical opportunities, and today's consumer expectations for higher quality standards and proven performance. As an example of the application of this approach, the authors describe the development of a new cosmetic formulation, based on "Osmoter", a special Dead Sea mineral composition, and the evaluation of this formulation's effect on the depth of skin wrinkles, by a controlled assay. Possible mode of action is discussed.
Arsenic Dimer Implants for Shallow Extension in 0.13μm Logic Devices (2003)

Arsenic dimer, As2+, implants have been used for the formation of ultra‐shallow source drain extensions for NMOS transistors in a 0.13 μm, 1.5V CMOS logic process. A comparison of all electrical parameters including drive currents, sheet resistance, junction breakdown voltages and gate to drain capacitance indicate equivalent process performance for monomer and dimer implants. Arsenic dimer and monomer implants were also compared using bare silicon control wafers in both drift and decel mode. The dimer implants were found to be energy contamination free. The use of dimer implants resulted in machine throughput improvement of 4x without any adverse impact on the implanter performance in terms of ion source lifetime, particles, or implant uniformity.
Realization of geometrically apodized phase masks for the production of apodized fiber gratings by UV exposure (1998)

Summary form only given. We describe the design methodology of geometric apodization and the fabrication of the apodized phase mask for UV-written fiber gratings. Concerning the two first diffraction orders used for UV exposure, the transmitted power is determined by the zero-order transmission, which is in turn determined by the variation of groove depth and ridge duty cycle. The simulated spectra for the zero-order output from a rectangular grating with a fixed ridge duty cycle shows that the position of the minimum zero-order transmission shifts with changing groove depth.
Cutting Edge: Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Inhibiting NK Cell Activity and Preserving Immune Privilege (1998)

The absence of MHC class I Ags on the corneal endothelium, which lines the anterior chamber of the eye, makes this cell layer potentially vulnerable to lysis by NK cells. However, aqueous humor (AH), which bathes the corneal endothelium, contains a 12-kDa protein which inhibits the NK-mediated lysis of corneal endothelial cells. An amino acid sequence analysis of AH revealed that this factor shared >90% homology with macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The NK inhibitory effect of AH was neutralized with anti-human MIF Ab. Moreover, mouse rMIF produced a similar inhibition of NK cell activity. However, neither rMIF nor AH inhibited the CTL-mediated Lysis of allogeneic cells. rMIF prevented the release of perforin granules by NK cells but not CTLs. Although MIF displays proinflammatory properties, these results indicate that it can also inhibit at least one immune effector element, NK cells, and thereby contribute to immune privilege in the eye.
The lef-3 gene of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus encodes a single-stranded DNA-binding protein (1995)

The Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) replicates in the nuclei of infected cells and encodes several proteins required for viral DNA replication. As a first step in the functional characterization of viral replication proteins, we purified a single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) from AcNPV-infected insect cells. Nuclear extracts were chromatographed on single-stranded DNA agarose columns. An abundant protein with an apparent molecular weight of 43,000 was eluted from the columns at 0.9 to 1.0 M NaCl. This protein was not evident in extracts prepared from control cells, suggesting that the SSB was encoded by the virus. SSB bound to single-stranded DNA in solution, and binding was nonspecific with respect to base sequence, as single-stranded vector DNA competed as efficiently as single-stranded DNA containing the AcNPV origin of DNA replication. Competition binding experiments indicated that SSB showed a preference for single-stranded DNA over double-stranded DNA. To determine whether SSB was encoded by the lef-3 gene of AcNPV, the lef-3 open reading frame was cloned under the control of the bacteriophage T7 promoter. Immunochemical analyses indicated that LEF-3 produced in bacteria or in rabbit reticulocyte lysates specifically reacted with antiserum produced by immunization with purified SSB. Immunoblot analyses of infected cell extracts revealed that SSB/LEF-3 was detected by 4 h postinfection and accumulated through 48 h postinfection.
Histogram of gradients of Time-Frequency Representations for Audio Scene Detection (2014)

Presents our entry to the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes challenge. The approach we propose for classifying acoustic scenes is based on transforming the audio signal into a time-frequency representation and then in extracting relevant features about shapes and evolutions of time-frequency structures. These features are based on histogram of gradients that are subsequently fed to a multi-class linear support vector machines.
Expression and function of the murine CD95/FasR/APO‐1 receptor in relation to B cell ontogeny (1995)

Mice defective in Fas-mediated apoptosis (lpr phenotype) have an intrinsic B cell abnormality that predisposes them to autoantibody production. To investigate potential roles for the Fas receptor (FasR) in B cell tolerance, FasR expression and function were evaluated at different stages of B cell development. FasR expression was very low or absent on pro- and pre-B cells, but was detected in early B cell lines and was up-regulated following IFN-gamma-induced maturation of the pre-B cell line 70-Z. Whereas FasR expression was very low in resting mature sIgM+ B cells, expression was markedly increased following mitogen activation and was also elevated in two mature sIgG+ lymphoma lines. FasR expression correlated strongly with the ability of B cells to undergo Fas-mediated apoptosis. In addition, although Fas did not appear to play a direct role in apoptosis mediated by cross-linking of sIg with anti-IgM, anti-FasR and sublethal concentrations of anti-Ig were additive in the induction of apoptosis in the early B cell line WEHI 231. These findings suggest that the Fas pathway is not involved in the elimination of pro- and pre-B cells, but are compatible with an ancillary role for FasR in the elimination of early B cells and elimination of mature B cells following activation.
Ambient gas control in slot-to-slot space inside FOUP to suppress Cu-loss after dual damascene patterning (2007)

We investigated a Cu-loss problem after dual-damascene patterning during manufacturing; that is, more than a dozen wafers were stored in a FOUP. We found that a decreased yield due to the Cu-loss strongly depends on the wafer position in a FOUP and on the queue time between etching and wet cleaning. We developed a Cu-oxidation model to explain what happens during the queue time; that is, the F content, which catalyze Cu-oxidation, in the post-etch residue gradually evaporate into the slot-to-slot space. On the basis of our model, we applied ambient gas control in the slot-to-slot space to suppress the decrease in yield due to the Cu-loss.
A mixed LPDDR2 impedance calibration technique exploiting 28nm Fully-Depleted SOI Back-Biasing (2012)

A mixed analog/digital impedance calibration circuit for LPDDR2 transmitter is proposed, taking advantage of the Fully Depleted SOI technology and its back biasing capability. This feature allows to modulate the current, and hence the impedance of the output driver. While the process deviation is compensated digitally, the proposed technique gives the opportunity to compensate for temperature and voltage drifts during transmission thanks to back biasing control.
Delayed inputs attack on load frequency control in smart grid (2014)

Current smart power grids have open communication infrastructures to improve efficiency, reliability and sustainability of supply. However, their open communication architecture makes them vulnerable to cyber-attacks with potentially catastrophic consequences. Here for the first time, we propose a time-delay-switch (TDS) attack by introducing time delays in the dynamics of power systems. Such an attack will have devastating consequences on smart grids if no prevention measures are considered in the design of these power systems. We considered how a TDS attack affects the dynamic performance of a power system. To do this, we first formulated a state space model of a smart power grid system under TDS attack using a hybrid systems approach. Second, we prove by analysis and demonstrate by simulation examples how a TDS attack can be used to sabotage and destabilize a smart grid.
A broadband circular TE<inf>11</inf>- to TE<inf>01</inf>-mode converter using stepped waveguide technique (2014)

This paper introduces a broadband and compact circular TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> - to TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> -mode converter, realized in stepped waveguide technique and therefore easy to manufacture with standard mortising machines. The concept is presented exemplary for a conversion in a frequency range from 23 GHz to 28 GHz. Hence, a bandwidth of approximately 20 % of the center frequency can be achieved. For the development of an optimized converter design, 3D electromagnetic field simulations are performed within CST Microwave Studio 2013. The simulations include realistic production process parameters, like fillets or tolerances, and show a good return loss of at least 17 dB, while the insertion loss is below 0.1 dB. Compared to measurements of a first prototype in back-to-back assembly, the measurement results validate the expected excellent converter behaviour. Hence, the suitability of the presented converter design is proven and the feasibility is demonstrated.
Photoluminescence properties of β-SiAlON:Yb<sup>2+</sup>, a novel green-emitting phosphor for white light-emitting diodes (2011)

We have synthesized Yb<sup>2+</sup>-activated Si<sub>6-<i>z</i></sub> Al <sub><i>z</i></sub> O <sub><i>z</i></sub> N<sub>8-<i>z</i></sub> (0.05⩽<i>z</i>⩽2.3, 0.03 mol% ⩽Yb<sup>2+</sup>⩽0.7 mol%) green phosphors by solid-state reaction at 1900 °C for 2 h under a nitrogen pressure of 1.0 MPa. Phase purity, photoluminescence and its thermal quenching were investigated. A single phase was obtained for all values of <i>z</i> and Yb<sup>2+</sup> concentration. A distinct emission band was observed at 540 nm originating from the 5d-4f electronic transition in Yb<sup>2+</sup> under 480 nm excitation. The photoluminescence properties mainly depended on the Yb<sup>2+</sup> concentration and chemical composition of the matrix. The resultant phosphor showed high thermal stability, that is, the emission intensity at 150 °C was about 82% of that measured at room temperature. The experimental results indicate that β-SiAlON:Yb<sup>2+</sup> is a potential green phosphor for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which use blue LEDs as the primary light source.
Positive co‐regulation of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> carnitine pathway <i>cai</i> and <i>fix</i> operons by CRP and the CaiF activator (1999)

Activation of the two divergent Escherichia coli cai and fix operons involved in anaerobic carnitine metabolism is co-dependent on the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) and on CaiF, the specific carnitine-sensitive transcriptional regulator. CaiF was overproduced using a phage T7 system, purified on a heparin column and ran as a 15 kDa protein on SDS-PAGE. DNase I footprinting and interference experiments identified two sites, F1 and F2, with apparently comparable affinities for the binding of CaiF in the cai-fix regulatory region. These sites share a common perfect inverted repeat comprising two 11 bp half-sites separated by 13 bp, and centred at -70 and -127 from the fix transcription start site. They were found to overlap the two low-affinity binding sites, CRP2 and CRP3, determined previously for CRP. Gel shift assays and footprinting experiments suggest that CaiF and CRP bind co-operatively to the F1/CRP2 and F2/CRP3 sites of the intergenic cai-fix region. Moreover, they appeared to serve the simultaneous binding of each other, giving rise to an original multiprotein CRP-CaiF complex enabling RNA polymerase recruitment and local DNA untwisting, at least at the fix promoter. Using random mutagenesis, two CaiF mutants impaired in transcription activation were isolated. The N-terminal A27V mutation affected the structural organization of the activator, whereas the central I62N mutation was suggested to interfere with DNA binding.
The secular movement of corn prices (1931)

One of the problems of Corn Belt agriculture is the instability of its prices. This is especially true of its major products, corn, hogs and cattle.\nAmong these three, the price of corn deserves particular study. Its fluctuations are rapid and irregular, and at times become very great. On four different occasions since the world war, the price of No.3 yellow corn at Chicago has risen or fallen more than 25 cents in two months. The coefficient of variability of the series of monthly prices (the standard deviation of the prices divided by their mean) for the period November, 1923, to December, 1929, inclusive, is 15.5.\nOn account of these fluctuations in the price of corn, farmers with cash corn to sell face the possibility of gaining or losing heavily.
An inexpensive interface for the IBM PC/XT and compatibles (1989)

An inexpensive interface designed for IBM PC/XTs or compatibles, potentially useful for controlling behavioral/neural experiments, is presented. Descriptions of basic machine language routines for the control of input/output functions, timing, and data acquisition by the interface are provided. Also, a brief description of available Forth routines for controlling the delivery of stimuli and the acquisition of behavioral/neural data during classical conditioning experiments is presented.
EDRF-angiotensin II interactions in rat juxtamedullary afferent and efferent arterioles (1992)

The in vitro blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephron technique was utilized to determine the contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) to resting renal arteriolar caliber and to evaluate the interaction between EDRF and angiotensin II (ANG II) in renal microvascular control. Video microscopy was employed to visualize rat afferent and efferent arterioles and to measure their responses to blockade of nitric oxide (NO), which has been shown to account for much of the biological action of EDRF. The NO synthesis inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), elicited vasoconstriction in a concentration-dependent manner, with 1,000 microM L-NNA significantly reducing both afferent (16 +/- 3%) and efferent (13 +/- 1%) diameters. This concentration of L-NNA also blocked the vasodilator response to 10 microM acetylcholine, while responsiveness to sodium nitroprusside was maintained. Vasoconstrictor responses to 1,000 microM L-NNA were attenuated in kidneys from rats pretreated with enalaprilat or losartan, reducing afferent diameter by 7 +/- 1 (n = 8) and 3 +/- 1% (n = 10) of control, respectively. Efferent arteriolar responses to L-NNA were similarly attenuated by losartan. The constrictor response to 10 nM ANG II was not exaggerated by L-NNA, suggesting that ANG II does not stimulate EDRF synthesis. These observations indicate that EDRF is continuously released in a quantity sufficient to affect both afferent and efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons in vitro. Furthermore, ANG II blockade attenuates the vasoconstriction elicited by L-NNA, suggesting that EDRF interacts with the renin-angiotensin system to control juxtamedullary afferent and efferent arteriolar resistance.
Link adaptation policies for wireless broadband networks (2002)

Wireless broadband access is becoming increasingly popular in the telecommunications market due to the projected demand for high data-rate connections. Given the inherent volatility of the wireless channel, the accurate estimation of channel conditions and the adoption of sophisticated adaptation techniques is required, so that transmission parameters are selected based on link quality, and user throughput is maximized. We consider a simple wireless link monitoring method, which is based on counting positive and negative acknowledgments (ACKs and NACKs), and we investigate the class of adaptation policies that correspond to this method. The policy that maximizes the long-term throughput efficiency of a user is shown to be of threshold type. Due to inherent difficulties in realization of this policy, a suboptimal heuristic method to perform link adaptation is provided. Our results indicate a considerable improvement in link throughput under such adaptive techniques.