gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunity-Related Genes and Gene Families in <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> (2002)

We have identified 242 Anopheles gambiae genes from 18 gene families implicated in innate immunity and have detected marked diversification relative to Drosophila melanogaster. Immune-related gene families involved in recognition, signal modulation, and effector systems show a marked deficit of orthologs and excessive gene expansions, possibly reflecting selection pressures from different pathogens encountered in these insects' very different life-styles. In contrast, the multifunctional Toll signal transduction pathway is substantially conserved, presumably because of counterselection for developmental stability. Representative expression profiles confirm that sequence diversification is accompanied by specific responses to different immune challenges. Alternative RNA splicing may also contribute to expansion of the immune repertoire.
Review of mid-infrared plasmonic materials (2015)

The field of plasmonics has the potential to enable unique applications in the midinfrared (IR) wavelength range. However, as is the case regardless of wavelength, the choice of plasmonic material has significant implications for the ultimate utility of any plasmonic device or structure. In this manuscript, we review the wide range of available plasmonic and phononic materials for mid-IR wavelengths, looking in particular at transition metal nitrides, transparent conducting oxides, silicides, doped semiconductors, and even newer plasmonic materials such as graphene. We also include in our survey materials with strong mid-IR phonon resonances, such as GaN, GaP, SiC, and the perovskite SrTiO 3 , all of which can support plasmon-like modes over limited wavelength ranges. We will discuss the suitability of each of these plasmonic and phononic materials, as well as the more traditional noble metals for a range of structures and applications and will discuss the potential and limitations of alternative plasmonic materials at these IR wavelengths.
Extended Hückel Theory. III. Compounds of Boron and Nitrogen (1964)

The extended Hückel theory is applied to compounds of boron and nitrogen, with emphasis placed upon similarities and differences with isoelectronic and isosteric carbon analogs. The barrier to internal rotation in borazane is predicted to be ∼1.5 kcal/mole and the torsional barrier in aminoborane∼10 kcal/mole. The internal charge-transfer nature of the expected electronic transitions is stressed. The highest occupied orbitals in aminoborane and borazine are computed to be σ type, with important consequences for the reactions of these molecules. It is proposed that the accepted valence picture of borazine is incorrect and that in all B–N molecules N is more negative. Stabilization due to nonbonded electrostatic interactions is studied. Predictions are made regarding the geometry of B–N analogs of cyclobutadiene and cyclooctatetraene. Borazine is calculated to be inefficient in transmitting electronic effects. Computations of the relative stabilities of heteroaromatic B–N compounds are made.
Miniature near-infrared spectrometer for point-of-use chemical analysis (2014)

Point-of-use chemical analysis holds tremendous promise for a number of industries, including agriculture, recycling, pharmaceuticals and homeland security. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an excellent candidate for these applications, with minimal sample preparation for real-time decision-making. We will detail the development of a golf ball-sized NIR spectrometer developed specifically for this purpose. The instrument is based upon a thin-film dispersive element that is very stable over time and temperature, with less than 2 nm change expected over the operating temperature range and lifetime of the instrument. This filter is coupled with an uncooled InGaAs detector array in a small, rugged, environmentally stable optical bench ideally suited to unpredictable environments. The resulting instrument weighs less than 60 grams, includes onboard illumination and collection optics for diffuse reflectance applications in the 900-1700 nm wavelength range, and is USB-powered. It can be driven in the field by a laptop, tablet or even a smartphone. The software design includes the potential for both on-board and cloud-based storage, analysis and decision-making. The key attributes of the instrument and the underlying design tradeoffs will be discussed, focusing on miniaturization, ruggedization, power consumption and cost. The optical performance of the instrument, as well as its fit-for purpose will be detailed. Finally, we will show that our manufacturing process has enabled us to build instruments with excellent unit-to-unit reproducibility. We will show that this is a key enabler for instrumentindependent chemical analysis models, a requirement for mass point-of-use deployment.
Effect of preoperative use of topical prednisolone acetate, ketorolac tromethamine, nepafenac and placebo, on the maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis during cataract surgery: A randomized trial (2012)

Preoperative use of ketorolac, prednisolone and nepafenac was effective in maintaining intraoperative mydriasis when compared with placebo.
Interaction of Dopamine D1 and NMDA Receptors Mediates Acute Clozapine Potentiation of Glutamate EPSPs in Rat Prefrontal Cortex (2002)

The atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine effectively alleviates both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia via unclear cellular mechanisms. Clozapine may modulate both glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to achieve part of its therapeutic actions. Using whole cell patch-clamp techniques, current-clamp recordings in layers V-VI pyramidal neurons from rat PFC slices showed that stimulation of local afferents (in 2 microM bicuculline) evoked mixed [AMPA/kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors] glutamate receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). Clozapine (1 microM) potentiated polysynaptically mediated evoked EPSPs (V(Hold) = -65 mV), or reversed EPSPs (rEPSP, V(Hold) = +20 mV) for >30 min. The potentiated EPSPs or rEPSPs were attenuated by elevating [Ca(2+)](O) (7 mM), by application of NMDA receptor antagonist 2-amino5-phosphonovaleric acid (50 microM), or by pretreatment with dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist SCH23390 (1 microM) but could be further enhanced by a dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion (1 microM). Clozapine had no significant effect on pharmacologically isolated evoked NMDA-rEPSP or AMPA-rEPSPs but increased spontaneous EPSPs without changing the steady-state resting membrane potential. Under voltage clamp, clozapine (1 microM) enhanced the frequency, and the number of low-amplitude (5-10 pA) AMPA receptor-mediated spontaneous EPSCs, while there was no such changes with the mini-EPSCs (in 1 microM TTX). Taken together these data suggest that acute clozapine can increase spike-dependent presynaptic release of glutamate and dopamine. The glutamate stimulates distal dendritic AMPA receptors to increase spontaneous EPSCs and enabled a voltage-dependent activation of neuronal NMDA receptors. The dopamine released stimulates postsynaptic D1 receptor to modulate a lasting potentiation of the NMDA receptor component of the glutamatergic synaptic responses in the PFC neuronal network. This sequence of early synaptic events induced by acute clozapine may comprise part of the activity that leads to later cognitive improvement in schizophrenia.
Interstitial Inorganic Phosphate as a Tumor Microenvironment Marker for Tumor Progression (2017)

Noninvasive in vivo assessment of chemical tumor microenvironment (TME) parameters such as oxygen (pO<sub>2</sub>), extracellular acidosis (pH<sub>e</sub>), and concentration of interstitial inorganic phosphate (Pi) may provide unique insights into biological processes in solid tumors. In this work, we employ a recently developed multifunctional trityl paramagnetic probe and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique for in vivo concurrent assessment of these TME parameters in various mouse models of cancer. While the data support the existence of hypoxic and acidic regions in TME, the most dramatic differences, about 2-fold higher concentrations in tumors vs. normal tissues, were observed for interstitial Pi - the only parameter that also allowed for discrimination between non-metastatic and highly metastatic tumors. Correlation analysis between [Pi], pO<sub>2</sub>, pH<sub>e</sub> and tumor volumes reveal an association of high [Pi] with changes in tumor metabolism and supports different mechanisms of protons and Pi accumulation in TME. Our data identifies interstitial inorganic phosphate as a new TME marker for tumor progression. Pi association with tumor metabolism, buffer-mediated proton transport, and a requirement of high phosphorus content for the rapid growth in the "growth rate hypothesis" may underline its potential role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.
A Novel Closed‐Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy Procedure to Treat Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Hybrid Technique and Rehabilitation Measures (2014)

Abstract High tibial valgus osteotomy (HTO) is an established treatment for medial‐compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. We have combined medial open and lateral closed‐wedge HTO (hybrid closed‐wedge HTO) to overcome the limitations of traditional closed‐wedge HTO. Our new hybrid procedure has the following advantages: (1) the bone block removed is smaller in size; (2) the procedure yields optimal geometric characteristics for bone healing; (3) there is no step‐off at the lateral osteotomy site; (4) the lateral cortex of the proximal and distal fragments is attached firmly by the oblique osteotomy; and (5) early full weight‐bearing walking is possible. This procedure is effective in treating medial‐compartment osteoarthritis accompanied by patellofemoral osteoarthritis. The indications for this procedure include a willingness and ability to comply with the postoperative rehabilitation program; a diagnosis of either medial‐compartment osteoarthritis or complicated patellofemoral osteoarthritis; and preferably, an age of 70 years or younger, although this is not a strict constraint. Patients are permitted to stand using both legs on the day after surgery and walk with full weight bearing within 2 weeks of undergoing our novel HTO procedure. We describe the details of this surgical technique and the postoperative rehabilitation program for the patients who undergo this treatment.
Timing-driven logic bi-decomposition (2003)

An approach for logic decomposition that produces circuits with reduced logic depth is presented. It combines two strategies: logic bi-decomposition of Boolean functions and tree-height reduction of Boolean expressions. It is a technology-independent approach that enables one to find tree-like expressions with smaller depths than the ones obtained by state-of-the-art techniques. The approach can also be combined with technology mapping techniques aiming at timing optimization. Experimental results show that new points in the area/delay space can be explored, with tangible delay improvements when compared to existing techniques.
Effects of motion artifact on the blood oxygen saturation estimate in pulse oximetry (2014)

Oxygen saturation estimates from pulse oximeters (SpO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) have been shown to be unreliable in the presence of motion artifact. This may cause errors in the clinical environment if the device falsely detects normal or desaturated conditions. This paper seeks to investigate the failure modes of the standard SpO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> calculation algorithm in the presence of motion artifact. A Texas Instruments AFE4400 evaluation module was used to collect data. The board is designed for pulse oximetry applications and allows access to the raw photoplethysmograph signals. Measurements were taken from a single subject with a finger probe. Signals were collected both while moving the instrumented hand and while moving the sensor without moving the hand. These were compared to a control signal where the subject remained motionless. Oxygen saturation was constant as verified by a Clevemed Bioradio SpO2 probe on the subject's other hand, which remained motionless for all of the measurements. The results showed a significant decrease of measured SpO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> during motion of the hand but not during motion of the sensor. This was likely due to the probe detecting the movement of venous blood, or failure to correctly detect peaks in the PPG signals. The variability of the measured SpO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> increased during motion of the hand and motion of the sensor, likely due to variation of the optical path length through the tissue. This work will help future development of algorithms to improve the performance of pulse oximetry in ambulatory conditions.
Protein kinase C β inhibition: the promise for treatment of diabetic nephropathy (2007)

Inhibition of protein kinase C beta may represent a novel strategy to improve kidney outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Large-scale, prospective trials are needed to confirm the safety and potential benefits of ruboxistaurin in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Transient expression of the intermediate filament nestin during skeletal muscle development (1993)

It has previously been established that skeletal muscle development is accompanied by changes in the composition of intermediate filaments: vimentin is expressed predominantly in myoblasts and desmin in adult myotubes. We show that the intermediate filament transitions during muscle development are more complex, and involve a transient expression of the recently discovered intermediate filament nestin. Nestin RNA is expressed predominantly early, in a biphasic pattern, and is markedly downregulated in adult rat muscle, whereas desmin RNA becomes more abundant throughout development. Nestin protein was found up to the postnatal myotube stage, where it colocalized with desmin in Z bands. The intracellular distribution of nestin, vimentin and desmin was analysed in the human myogenic cell line G6 before and after in vitro differentiation. Despite its more distant evolutionary and structural relationship to the other two intermediate filaments, nestin formed a cytoplasmic filamentous network indistinguishable from that of desmin and vimentin, both in undifferentiated myoblasts and after differentiation to multinuclear myotubes. In conclusion, our data suggest that nestin is an integrated component of the dynamic intermediate filament network during muscle development and that nestin copolymerizes with desmin and vimentin at stages of coexpression.
A sewing-enabled stitch-and-transfer method for robust, ultra-stretchable, conductive interconnects (2014)

Fabricating highly stretchable and robust electrical interconnects at low-cost remains an unmet challenge in stretchable electronics. Previously reported stretchable interconnects require complicated fabrication processes with resulting devices exhibiting limited stretchability, poor reliability, and large gauge factors. Here, we demonstrate a novel sew-and-transfer method for rapid fabrication of low-cost, highly stretchable interconnects. Using a commercial sewing machine and double-thread stitch with one of the threads being water soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), thin zigzag-pattern metallic wires are sewn into a polymeric film and are subsequently transferred onto a stretchable elastomeric substrate by dissolving PVA in warm water. The resulting structures exhibit extreme stretchability (exceeding 500% strain for a zigzag angle of 18 °) and robustness (capable of withstanding repeated stretch-and-release cycles of 15000 at 110% strain, 50000 at 55% strain, and > 120000 at 30% strain without any noticeable change in resistance even at maximum strain levels). Using this technique, we demonstrate a stretchable inductive strain sensor for monitoring balloon expansion in a Foley urinary catheter capable of detecting the balloon diameter change from 9 mm to 38 mm with an average sensitivity of 4 nH/mm.
Flame retardant mechanism of silica gel/silica (2000)

Various types of silica, silica gel, fumed silicas and fused silica were added to polypropylene and polyethylene oxide to determine their flame retardant effectiveness and mechanisms. Polypropylene was chosen as a non-char-forming thermoplastic and polyethylene oxide was chosen as a polar char-forming (slight) thermoplastic. Flammability properties were measured in the cone calorimeter and the mass loss rate was measured in our radiative gasification device in nitrogen to exclude any gas phase oxidation reactions. The addition of low density, large surface area silicas, such as fumed silicas and silica gel to polypropylene and polyethylene oxide significantly reduced the heat release rate and mass loss rate. However, the addition of fused silica did not reduce the flammability properties as much as other silicas. The mechanism of reduction in flammability properties is based on the physical processes in the condensed phase instead of chemical reactions. The balance between the density and the surface area of the additive and polymer melt viscosity determines whether the additive accumulates near the sample surface or sinks through the polymer melt layer. Fumed silicas and silica gel used in this study accumulated near the surface to act as a thermal insulation layer and also to reduce the polymer concentration near the surface. However, fused silica used in this study mainly sank through the polymer melt layer and did not accumulate near the surface. The heat release and the mass loss rate of polypropylene decreased nearly proportionally with an increase in mass loading level of silica gel up to 20% mass fraction. Polyethylene oxide samples with fumed silicas and silica gel formed physically strong char/silica surface layers. This layer acted not only as thermal insulation to protect virgin polymer but also acted as a barrier against the migration of the thermal degradation products to the surface. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible, large-area sensors and actuators with organic transistor integrated circuits (2006)

We report the recent progress and future prospects of organic field-effect transistors and their applications to flexible, large-area sensors and actuators such as pocket image scanners for mobile applications, stretchable electronic artificial skins (E-skins) for robots, and Braille sheet display with plastic actuator arrays
Retaining talent : a guide to analyzing and managing employee turnover (2008)

The SHRM Foundation takes a look at the latest research findings on employee turnover and retention and offers ideas for putting those findings into action in your organization
Surface Phonon Polaritons Mediated Energy Transfer between Nanoscale Gaps (2009)

Surface phonon polaritons are electromagnetic waves that propagate along the interfaces of polar dielectrics and exhibit a large local-field enhancement near the interfaces at infrared frequencies. Theoretical calculations show that such surface waves can lead to breakdown of the Planck's blackbody radiation law in the near field. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that surface phonon polaritons dramatically enhance energy transfer between two surfaces at small gaps by measuring radiation heat transfer between a microsphere and a flat surface down to 30 nm separation. The corresponding heat transfer coefficients at nanoscale gaps are 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of the blackbody radiation limit. The high energy flux can be exploited to develop new radiative cooling and thermophotovoltaic technologies.
Novel 1,2-ester transposition reactions (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel 1,2-ester transposition reactionsJacob S. Tou and Alfred A. SchleppnikCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 5, 753–755Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00153a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00153a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ACTIVE CONTROL OF THE DYNAMICS OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES (1997)

There has been much progress in the control of chemical reactions since methods of active control were first proposed by Brumer & Shapiro and by Tannor & Rice ten years ago. This chapter reviews both theoretical and experimental advances in the field. Control schemes based on quantum mechanical interference between competing paths and the manipulation of wave packets with tailored laser pulses are discussed. The theory of optimal control, the limitations of control theory applied to many-body dynamics, and the effects of constraints on the trajectory of the controlled observable are presented. Experimental progress in controlling the population of specific quantum states, in manipulating the dynamics of bound wave packets, and in the control of chemical reactions are reviewed, and current problems in the field are summarized.
Isomorphism of graphs of bounded valence can be tested in polynomial time (1980)

Suppose we are given a set of generators for a group G of permutations of a colored set A. The color automorphism problem for G involves finding generators for the subgroup of G which stabilizes the color classes. Testing isomorphism of graphs of valence ≤ t is polynomial-time reducible to the color automorphism problem for groups with small simple sections. The algorithm for the latter problem involves several divide-and-conquer tricks. The problem is solved sequentially on the G-orbits. An orbit is broken into a minimal set of blocks permuted by G. The hypothesis on G guarantees the existence of a 'large' subgroup P which acts as a p-group on the blocks. A similar process is repeated for each coset of P on G. Some results on primitive permutation groups are used to show that the algorithm runs in polynomial time.