gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of tumor angiogenesis in murine melanoma model using liposomal formulation of Coenzyme Q10 (2006)

977 Angiogenesis is a major focus for cancer therapy and has been a focus for drug development. Our prior data have demonstrated in vitro administration of Q10 restores the apoptotic potential in melanoma and squamous carcinoma cells, without adversely affecting normal epithelial cells. Through western blot analysis we have shown the reduction of Bcl-2, an anti-apopotic protein, in melanoma without a significant effect on normal fibroblast. In addition, we induce human melanoma tumors (derived from Skmel-28 cells) in nude athymic mice and applied a Q10 liposomal topical formulation for 30 days. Subsequently, the subjects were sacrificed and the tumors were excised, weighed, and processed for histological analysis. The treatment tumors showed an average of 53.2% reduction in tumor mass compared to the control. Moreover, histological analysis of the treatment group showed a significant reduction in the structural integrity of tumor vasculature. Further investigation will entail the examination of Q10 effect on mitochondrial mediated pathways for the reduction of angiogenic factors. In addition, apoptotic markers with a relation to angiogenesis will be examine to provide supporting evidence for this phenomenon. Taken together, our data suggests a potential for the use of a topical application of Q10 for the treatment of cutaneous malignancies.
Specific RecA amino acid changes affect RecA–UmuD′C interaction (1998)

The UmuD'C mutagenesis complex accumulates slowly and parsimoniously after a 12 Jm(-2) UV flash to attain after 45 min a low cell concentration between 15 and 60 complexes. Meanwhile, RecA monomers go up to 72,000 monomers. By contrast, when the UmuD'C complex is constitutively produced at a high concentration, it inhibits recombinational repair and then markedly reduces bacterial survival from DNA damage. We have isolated novel recA mutations that enable RecA to resist UmuD'C recombination inhibition. The mutations, named recA [UmuR], are located on the RecA three-dimensional structure at three sites: (i) the RecA monomer tail domain (four amino acid changes); (ii) the RecA monomer head domain (one amino acid change, which appears to interface with the amino acids in the tail domain); and (iii) in the core of a RecA monomer (one amino acid change). RecA [UmuR] proteins make recombination more efficient in the presence of UmuD'C while SOS mutagenesis is inhibited. The UmuR amino acid changes are located at a head-tail joint between RecA monomers and some are free to possibly interact with UmuD'C at the tip of a RecA polymer. These two RecA structures may constitute possible sites to which the UmuD'C complex might bind, hampering homologous recombination and favouring SOS mutagenesis.
Modal analysis of semiconductor lasers with nonplanar mirrors (1986)

We present a formalism for analyzing laser resonators which possess nonplanar mirrors and lateral waveguiding [e.g., an unstable resonator semiconductor laser (URSL)]. The electric field is expanded in lateral modes of the complex-index waveguide and is required to reproduce itself after, one roundtrip of the cavity. We show how the waveguide modes, their gain and loss, and hence the criterion for truncation of the infinite set of modes can be derived from the Green's function of the one-dimensional eigenvalue equation for the waveguide. Examples are presented for three cases of interest-a purely gain-guided URSL, an index-guided URSL, and a gain-guided tilted-mirror resonator. We compare theoretical calculations to previous experiments.
Recurrent Clinical Mastitis Caused by Escherichia coli in Dairy Cows (1999)

In this study, the occurrence of persistent intramammary infections caused by Escherichia coli with recurrent episodes of clinical mastitis caused by E. coli are described for a cohort of 300 Dutch dairy herds. Calculations on the recurrent episodes were based on data collected by dairy farmers. The genotype of the E. coli strains was determined by means of a polymerase chain reaction using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) primers, resulting in a DNA fingerprint. Quarters in which the same E. coli genotype was found were considered to be persistently infected. In 4.77% of all episodes of clinical mastitis caused by E. coli, persistent intramammary infections caused by the same E. coli genotype were found. Based on the occurrence of the same genotypes, we concluded that, in 2.98% of all episodes, transmission of E. coli strains among quarters within one cow might have occurred. In 13.04% of all episodes of clinical mastitis caused by E. coli in the study, different E. coli genotypes were isolated from recurrent episodes of clinical mastitis within the same cow, indicating that these cows were highly susceptible to recurrent intramammary infections caused by E. coli.
Sustained-release of urease from a poloxamer gel matrix. (1990)

With the increase of extremely specific polypeptide drugs arising from advances in recombinant DNA techniques, there exists a need with which to optimally deliver these genetically engineered drugs. This results from the normally short circulating half-life of these macromolecules. A well characterized model enzyme, urease, was formulated in a 20, 30, and 35% w/w poloxamer 407 gel matrix and the release profile determined in a membraneless diffusion system (Area = 11.4 cm2) in vitro at 37 degrees C over 8 hours. Polymer release into a pH = 7.0 phosphate buffer receptor phase due to matrix erosion was constant throughout 8 hours and ranged from 1.07% +/- 0.04 cm-2 hr-1 to 0.48% +/- 0.02 cm-2 hr-1 for the 20% w/w and 35% w/w poloxamer gel matrices, respectively. The predominant mechanism governing release of protein from the semisolid, poloxamer 407 gel matrix in vitro was matrix erosion with the cumulative urease released ranging from 89.5% +/- 3.5 after 7 hours (20% w/w, n = 3) to 46.6% +/- 0.3 following 8 hours of released (35% w/w, n = 3), respectively. The percent relative biological activity of the enzyme [(Act.poly/Act.cont)*100] remaining was determined following incubation in a 14% w/w concentration of poloxamer 407 for 8 hours at 4, 22, and 37 degrees C. The percent relative enzyme activity remaining following incubation in the 14% w/w poloxamer 407 solution after 8 hours was not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) between samples incubated at 4 degrees C (94.2% +/- 2.4) and 37 degrees C (89.7% +/- 1.7). Hydrodynamic properties of dilute urease and poloxamer 407 solutions were assessed using viscometry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optimization of Sequential Paging in Movement-Based Location Management Based on Movement Statistics (2007)

The movement-based scheme is a dynamic location management (LM) scheme that is particularly easy to implement. Each mobile simply counts the number of cell-boundary crossings and initiates location update when this number exceeds the predefined movement threshold. Although its LM cost is inferior to that of distance-based schemes, this cost can be decreased by sequential paging methods that take into account mobiles' movement statistics. In this paper, we derive the probability distribution of a mobile's number of cell-boundary crossings during the interval between two location registrations in a movement-based LM scheme for Poisson call arrivals and generally distributed cell residence time. Based on the derived statistics, we obtain the optimal movement threshold and develop an optimal sequential paging scheme. Numeric results are presented to show that the proposed optimal sequential paging scheme outperforms existing sequential paging schemes over a wide range of call-to-mobility ratios
Studies on sucrose-palmitate-stearate-containing vesicles encapsulating the cytostatic drug methylglyoxal-bis-guanyl-hydrazone. (1990)

Vesicles prepared from sucrose-palmitate-stearate and cholesterol encapsulating the anticancer drug methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone, were investigated. Treatment with drug-loaded vesicles of this composition in a q.d. 1-4 schedule resulted for murine leukemias P388 in nearly the same increase in life span as the corresponding dose of the free drug. Even very high dosages of sucrose-palmitase-stearate (up to 480 mg.kg-1.d-1) were tolerated by mice.
Semantic structuring and retrieval of event chapters in social photo collections (2010)

The phenomenal growth of multimedia content on the web over the last couple of decades has paved the way for content management systems integrating intelligent information retrieval and indexing techniques. Also, in order to improve the performance of retrieval techniques while searching and navigating the database, many relevance feedback algorithms are implemented, in which the subjective semantics of individual users are included in the image search. Following the recent developments in social networking, there is an emerging interest to share experiences online with friends using multimedia data. As the experiences to be shared among social peers vary from a simple social gathering to a tourism visit with a group of peers, there is a critical need for intelligent content management tools driven by a social perspective. Addressing the challenges related to socially-driven content management, the objective of this paper is twofold. First, we investigate techniques to intelligently structure multimedia content to enable efficient browsing of photo albums. The proposed structuring schemes exploit EXIF metadata, visual content and social peer relationships. Second, we propose a retrieval model based on social context to identify users with similar interests. The retrieval model aims to allow increased interaction among social peers. The proposed techniques have been evaluated against tourism pictures captured across Europe.
Maximum likelihood approach to speech enhancement for noisy reverberant signals (2008)

This paper proposes a speech enhancement method for signals contaminated by room reverberation and additive background noise. The following conditions are assumed: (1) The spectral components of speech and noise are statistically independent Gaussian random variables. (2) The convolutive distortion channel is modeled as an auto-regressive system in each frequency bin. (3) The power spectral density of speech is modeled as an all-pole spectrum, while that of noise is assumed to be stationary and given in advance. Under these conditions, the proposed method estimates the parameters of the channel and those of the all-pole speech model based on the maximum likelihood estimation method. Experimental results showed that the proposed method successfully suppressed the reverberation and additive noise from three-second noisy reverberant signals when the reverberation time was 0.5 seconds and the reverberant signal to noise ratio was 10 dB.
The Evolution of the Neural Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins (2001)

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factors control various aspects of the formation of the nervous system in the metazoans. In Drosophila some bHLH (such as the achaete-scuteatonal, and amos genes) act as proneural genes, directing ectodermal cells toward a neural fate. Their vertebrate orthologs, however, probably do not assume such a neural determination function, but rather control the decision made by neural precursors to generate neurons and not glial cells, as well as the progression of neuronal precursors toward differentiation into mature neurons. The proneural function of Drosophila bHLH genes may be an innovation that occurs in the evolutive lineage that leads to arthropods. In addition, although neural bHLH appear to be involved in the specification of neuronal identities, they probably do not confer by themselves neuronal type-specific properties to the cells. Rather, neural bHLH allow neural cells to correctly interpret specification and positional cues provided by other factors. Although bHLH genes are often expressed in complementary subsets of neural cells and/or expressed sequentially in those cells, the coding regions of the various neural bHLH appear largely interchangeable. We propose that the specific expression patterns have been acquired, following gene duplications, by subfunctionalization, i.e., the partitioning of ancestral expression patterns among the duplicates and, by extension, we propose that subfunctionalization is a key process to understand the evolution of neural bHLH genes.
Peculiarities of Pharmacological Activity of Tetrahydropyridone and Hexahydroquinoline Derivatives in Experiment (2020)

Introduction: Due to widespread inflammatory processes, often accompanied by pain and fever syndromes, NSAIDs are now the most prescribed drug group in the world. NSAIDs are characterized by taking a leading position in the number and severity of adverse actions. In recent decades, the efforts of scientists have been aimed at seaching for adequate ways to increase the safety profile of NSAIDs. Materials and methods: In a series of experiments, the main objects of research were derivatives of α-cyanothioacet­amide – new tetrahydropyridones under laboratory codes TD 0364, TD 0353, TD 0351, CV 036, as well as hexahydro­quinolines CV 125 and OCO 5184. One promising area for searching for effective and safe pharmacological agents is some derivatives of α-cyanothioacetamide (CAS Number: 7357-70-2). The trigeminal orofacial pain test and the ther­mal tail immersion test were used to assess the analgesic effect. Determination of antipyretic activity was carried out on the yeast-fever model. To study an anti-inflammatory activity, the method of subacute non-infectious parotitis was used. Results and discussion: The results of the experiment made it possible to find among the new samples of tetrahydro­pyridones and hexahydroquinolines the compounds with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, which, in terms of these types of activities in dynamics, surpass the reference (paracetamol, diclofenac sodium, and ketorolac). It is important that these compounds have low acute toxicity. Conclusion: The consequence of the above is the necessity of further preclinical and clinical studies of samples of α-cyanothioacetamide derivatives in order to create new promising highly effective and safe drugs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.
44.2: Critical Effect of Polymer Bumps in PS‐VA LCD (2013)

Abstract An unexpected phenomenon named as critical effect of polymer bumps in PS‐VA LCD was found and studied. It shows that only if the bumps amount reaches sufficient high they can reduce the LCD optical rising time. It suggests a safe RM content value in LC mixtures when producing PS‐VA LCD.
Comparative study of the binding pockets of mammalian proprotein convertases and its implications for the design of specific small molecule inhibitors (2010)

Proprotein convertases are enzymes that proteolytically cleave protein precursors in the secretory pathway to yield functional proteins. Seven mammalian subtilisin/Kex2p-like proprotein convertases have been identified: furin, PC1, PC2, PC4, PACE4, PC5 and PC7. The binding pockets of all seven proprotein convertases are evolutionarily conserved and highly similar. Among the seven proprotein convertases, the furin cleavage site motif has recently been characterized as a 20-residue motif that includes one core region P6-P2' inside the furin binding pocket. This study extended this information by examining the 3D structural environment of the furin binding pocket surrounding the core region P6-P2' of furin substrates. The physical properties of mutations in the binding pockets of the other six mammalian proprotein convertases were compared. The results suggest that: 1) mutations at two positions, Glu230 and Glu257, change the overall density of the negative charge of the binding pockets, and govern the substrate specificities of mammalian proprotein convertases; 2) two proprotein convertases (PC1 and PC2) may have reduced sensitivity for positively charged residues at substrate position P5 or P6, whereas the substrate specificities of three proprotein convertases (furin, PACE4, and PC5) are similar to each other. This finding led to a novel design of a short peptide pattern for small molecule inhibitors: [K/R]-X-V-X-K-R. Compared with the widely used small molecule dec-RVKR-cmk that inhibits all seven proprotein convertases, a finely-tuned derivative of the short peptide pattern [K/R]-X-V-X-K-R may have the potential to more effectively inhibit five of the proprotein convertases (furin, PC4, PACE4, PC5 and PC7) compared to the remaining two (PC1 and PC2). The results not only provide insights into the molecular evolution of enzyme function in the proprotein convertase family, but will also aid the study of the functional redundancy of proprotein convertases and the development of therapeutic applications.
Process window limiting hot spot monitoring for high-volume manufacturing (2016)

As process window margins for cutting edge DUV lithography continue to shrink, the impact of systematic patterning defects on final yield increases. Finding process window limiting hot spot patterns and monitoring them in high volume manufacturing (HVM) is increasingly challenging with conventional methods, as the size of critical defects can be below the resolution of traditional HVM inspection tools. We utilize a previously presented computational method of finding hot spot patterns by full chip simulation and use this to guide high resolution review tools by predicting the state of the hot spots on all fields of production wafers. In experiments with a 10nm node Metal LELELE vehicle we show a 60% capture rate of after-etch defects down to 3nm in size, at specific hot spot locations. By using the lithographic focus and dose correction knobs we can reduce the number of patterning defects for this test case by ~60%.
Regulation of the gluconeogenic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the glycolytic aldolase A gene expression by O<sub>2</sub> in rat hepatocyte cultures. Involvement of hydrogen peroxide as mediator in the response to O<sub>2</sub> (1996)

Heme proteins acting as oxidases which produce H2O2 have been proposed to function as O2 sensors. In order to find out whether the modulation by O2 of PCK gene activation and the stimulation of the ALD A gene by venous O2 operate via H2O2, the effects of different concentrations of H2O2 and catalase as H2O2 scavenger were studied in rat hepatocyte cultures under different O2 tensions. Primary hepatocytes were treated with 0.1 nM glucagon, 50 microM H2O2 and/or 100 micrograms/ml catalase each at arterial O2 or venous pO2. PCK mRNA was induced by glucagon maximally under arterial O2 and only half maximally under venous O2. ALD A mRNA was induced only by venous O2. H2O2 enhanced the induction of PCK mRNA to similar levels under venous O2 tensions and the induction of ALD A mRNA under both O2 was completely inhibited. Addition of catalase antagonized the actions of H2O2 completely. These findings support the hypothesis that an H2O2-generating heme protein is involved in the O2 sensing system regulating gluconeogenic and glycolytic gene expression in response to O2.
Benefit-based Data Caching in Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

Data caching can significantly improve the efficiency of information access in a wireless ad hoc network by reducing the access latency and bandwidth usage. However, designing efficient distributed caching algorithms is non-trivial when network nodes have limited memory. In this article, we consider the cache placement problem of minimizing total data access cost in ad hoc networks with multiple data items and nodes with limited memory capacity. The above optimization problem is known to be NP-hard. Defining benefit as the reduction in total access cost, we present a polynomial-time centralized approximation algorithm that provably delivers a solution whose benefit is at least one-fourth (one-half for uniform-size data items) of the optimal benefit. The approximation algorithm is amenable to localized distributed implementation, which is shown via simulations to perform close to the approximation algorithm. Our distributed algorithm naturally extends to networks with mobile nodes. We simulate our distributed algorithm using a network simulator (ns2), and demonstrate that it significantly outperforms another existing caching technique (by Yin and Cao [30]) in all important performance metrics. The performance differential is particularly large in more challenging scenarios, such as higher access frequency and smaller memory.
From powder to technical body: the undervalued science of catalyst scale up (2013)

Progress in catalysis has been, is, and will always be motivated by societal needs (e.g. environment, energy, chemicals, fuels), with the ultimate aim of improving process efficiency on a technical scale. Technical catalysts are often complex multicomponent millimetre-sized bodies consisting of active phases, supports, and numerous additives in shaped forms suitable for their commercial application. They can differ strongly in composition, structure, porosity, and performance from research catalysts, i.e. laboratory-developed materials constituted by a single bulk or supported active phase in powder form, which are the predominant focus of academic investigations. The industrial manufacture of heterogeneous catalysts, encompassing the upscaled preparation, formulation, and structuring, is encircled by secrecy and is decisive for the overall process viability. Yet despite the tremendous relevance, understanding the added complexity of these multicomponent systems and the consequences for the respective structure–property–function relationships has been largely neglected. Accordingly, our review examines the intricacies of the scale up of heterogeneous catalysts. While emphasising the lack of fundamental knowledge we point out the multiple functions that additives could provide by enhancing the mass and heat transfer properties, acting as co-catalysts, or imparting improved chemical, mechanical, or thermal stability. Recent exemplary studies developing rational approaches to prepare, characterise, and evaluate technical catalysts are analysed in detail and new directions for research in this field are put forward.
<title>Data-dependent tetrahedrization</title> (1996)

The numerous applications of surface interpolation include the modeling and visualization of physical phenomena. A tetrahedrization is the one of pre-processing steps for 4D surface interpolation. The quality of a piecewise linear interpolation in 4D space depends not only on the distribution of the data points in R<SUP>3</SUP>, but also on the data values. One can improve the quality of an approximation by using data dependent criteria. This paper discusses Delaunay tetrahedrization method (sphere criterion) and one of the data dependent tetrahedrization methods (least squares fitting criterion). This paper also discusses new data dependent criteria: (1) gradient difference, and (2) jump in normal direction derivatives.
Inhibition of STAT4 Activation by Lisofylline Is Associated with the Protection of Autoimmune Diabetes (2003)

We investigated the signal transduction pathway of IL-12 and showed that lisofylline (LSF) inhibited the signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-4 (STAT4) activation. Interruption of IL-12-mediated STAT4 activation prevented autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice.