gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the enthalpy of formation of diatomic intermetallic molecules (1979)

A model description, originally designed to account for the heat of formation of solid intermetallic compounds, is extended to include the enthalpies of formation of diatomic intermetallic molecules. In the model the area of the contact surface between dissimilar atomic cells is of central importance. Using the symmetric dimers as reference states, the authors derive the enthalpy of formation from the difference in electronegativity phi * and the difference in the electron density at the boundary of a solid atomic cell, nws. For molecules that contain at least one transition metal there is good agreement between calculated and experimental values of the dissociation energies, DAB0. For molecules that contain W, Ir, Hg or Si, predictions are presented in tabular form.
Tree query optimization in distributed object-oriented databases (2002)

Much of the work in query optimization in object-oriented database is devoted to finding efficient ways of path traversals expressed in a query. In the environment where a query involves classes distributed across several sites, communication cost must be taken into consideration. In this paper we describe a tree query optimization algorithm using dynamic programming technique for a distributed object-oriented database. The primary objective of the optimization is to minimize the total processing time including local processing and communication costs. In contrast to optimizers which consider a restricted search space, the proposed optimizer searches the execution plans which may be deep or bushy trees. Especially the plans can start traversal anywhere in a query graph and not only from either end of the query graph.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structures of Molecular Liquids (1978)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
Water vapor penetration rate into enclosures with known air leak rates (1979)

The rate at which water vapor penetrates a faulty seal in a "hermetically sealed" device has been examined both experimentally and theoretically in this study. The experimental data were generated by studying the rate of moisture ingress into two types of packages; a TO-5 can and a ¼ × ¼ in ceramic flatpack. The TO-5 packages were fitted with capillary tubes of varying diameters with known air leak rates and represented the gross leak range (down to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> atm . cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /s) while the ¼ × ¼ in ceramic flatpacks were used to study the fine leak range (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> atm . cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /s). Both type packages were fitted with miniature moisture sensors (surface conductivity type) and calibrated at known relative humidities prior to sealing. The finished test packages were then exposed to constant high-humidity conditions and monitored for moisture content as a function of time. A theoretical analysis was performed by using conventional leak rate equations to convert air leak rates, at standard test conditions, to water vapor leak rates at partial pressure differentials seen typically at room ambient conditions. These data compared favorably with the experimental results in the range tested and suggests that present hermeticity specifications are too lenient for long-term reliability requirements.
Integrating Semantic Segmentation and Retinex Model for Low-Light Image Enhancement (2020)

Retinex model is widely adopted in various low-light image enhancement tasks. The basic idea of the Retinex theory is to decompose images into reflectance and illumination. The ill-posed decomposition is usually handled by hand-crafted constraints and priors. With the recently emerging deep-learning based approaches as tools, in this paper, we integrate the idea of Retinex decomposition and semantic information awareness. Based on the observation that various objects and backgrounds have different material, reflection and perspective attributes, regions of a single low-light image may require different adjustment and enhancement regarding contrast, illumination and noise. We propose an enhancement pipeline with three parts that effectively utilize the semantic layer information. Specifically, we extract the segmentation, reflectance as well as illumination layers, and concurrently enhance every separate region, i.e. sky, ground and objects for outdoor scenes. Extensive experiments on both synthetic data and real world images demonstrate the superiority of our method over current state-of-the-art low-light enhancement algorithms.
Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum ^|^beta;-Lactamase, AmpC, and Carbapenemase Production in Proteus mirabilis (2014)

Proteus mirabilis strains that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamase, and carbapenemase pose potential threats to patient care because most clinical diagnostic laboratories may not attempt to detect these three major groups of enzymes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to ascertain if P. mirabilis isolates collected from our heathcare facility possess various mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams (i.e., ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemases) and to additionally arrive at conclusions regarding concurrent testing for these three mechanism of drug resistance in order to reduce cost and time in routine diagnostic testing. Between January 2011 and June 2011, 60 consecutive non-repeated strains of P. mirabilis were evaluated for production of ESBLs, AmpC β-lactamases, and carbapenemases. Of these, 36 isolates were found to be ESBL producers, and 7 (12%) were positive for production of AmpC β-lactamases and ESBLs. Therefore, 19.4% of ESBL-producing Proteus strains coproduced AmpC enzymes. The modified Hodge test confirmed carbapenemase production in only 1 isolate (1.7%), which was also ESBL- and AmpC-positive. The clinical impact of additional AmpC expression in ESBL-producing P. mirabilis results in a newly acquired resistance to β-lactamase inhibitors. In addition, to save time and costs, we recommend the use of cefepime/cefepime-clavulanate or boronic acid for the ESBL detection but in only those strains that were positive for ESBL by screening and negative by confirmatory tests.
A Compressed XML Schema Representation for Metadata Processing in Mobile Environments (2006)

Efficient packaging and communication of metadata are critical in multimedia communications to achieve seamless mobility. The XML schema compression proposed here comprises a method for decomposing an XML schema into a sequence of atomic elements. This representation reorganizes the given XML schema with the threefold purpose of facilitating dynamic schema switching and reconfiguration of metadata decoders, increasing the efficiency of binary metadata decoding, and storing XML schemas in binary format. As a result, schemas can be efficiently transmitted over congested networks and stored in devices with limited resources. Since each schema may represent the metadata structure for a different type of media format, this allows a system to support different profiles (schemas) and media formats, enabling dynamically reconfigurable metadata encoders and decoders
CITRIC ACID AND POTASSIUM CONTENTS OF RUSSET BURBANK POTATO IN ALBERTA (1985)

Citric acid and potassium contents were determined for Russet Burbank tubers collected from the major production areas in Alberta. An increase in the ratio of citric to chlorogenic acid content is known to be associated with a decrease in the tendency for potato tubers to darken after cooking. Tuber citric acid and potassium contents were higher in southerly locations than in central locations. The trend for citric acid is the reverse of that for chlorogenic acid established in a previous study. Thus, potatoes grown at southern Alberta locations have a higher citric to chlorogenic acid ratio than those grown in central locations, suggesting that they would be less subject to after-cooking darkening.Key words: Darkening (after-cooking), citric acid, chlorogenic acid, potassium content, Russet Burbank, potato
Naval device applications of relaxor piezoelectric single crystals (2003)

High frequency sonar is becoming ever more important to the Navy through expanded use of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV). Proposed missions for many UUV's involve shallow water operation where broad bandwidth is required making these applications ideal candidates to use single crystal piezoelectrics. In addition, many UUV sonar systems have commercial uses including oceanographic research, oil and mineral prospecting, salvage, and undersea equipment inspection and maintenance. The properties of single crystal piezoelectrics were exploited for broad bandwidth, high frequency sonar. Crystal sonar investigations based on Tonpilz transducers utilizing the "33" resonance mode have shown limitations on bandwidth due to less than ideal resonator aspect ratio. This is a result of the crystals' low elastic stiffness, which leads to short resonators with large lateral dimensions. To address this issue an alternative design was proposed utilizing the "32" resonance mode with the resonating length oriented along a special crystallographic cut. Crystals with this orientation are known to have high properties; d/sub 32/ values as high as 1600 pC/N have been observed. Since prestress for such a design is applied perpendicular to the poling direction, "32" mode Tonpilz elements exhibit lower loss and higher reliability than "33" mode designs. The feasibility of such "32" mode Tonpilz. resonators was presented as determined through property measurements and finite element analysis. A prototype single element Tonpilz will be constructed and tested in future research based on these results. The targeted application for this work is broadband (>100%), high frequency (45 kHz) synthetic aperture arrays for unmanned underwater vehicles.
Femtosecond laser in laser in situ keratomileusis (2010)

Flap creation is a critical step in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Efforts to improve the safety and predictability of the lamellar incision have fostered the development of femtosecond lasers. Several advantages of the femtosecond laser over mechanical microkeratomes have been reported in LASIK surgery. In this article, we review common considerations in management and complications of this step in femtosecond laser-LASIK and concentrate primarily on the IntraLase laser because most published studies relate to this instrument.
Effect of transparent film desiccant on the lifetime of top-emitting active matrix organic light emitting diodes (2007)

The effects of a transparent film desiccant on the lifetime of top-emitting active matrix organic light emitting diodes (AMOLEDs) were investigated. The transparent film desiccants were prepared by mixing solutions dispersed with calcium oxide powders and ultraviolet-curable resins. As the solid content in the solutions increased from 15to30wt%, the average particle size increased from 107to240nm, whereas the transmittance of the films decreased from 98% to 80% in the visible range. The devices encapsulated with the transparent film desiccants which contained 20wt% CaO exhibited no dark spots and 97% of the initial luminance, even after being stored for over 500h at 70°C and 90% relative humidity. Also, the operational lifetime of these devices was 1850h, ten times longer than that of a device without desiccant. These results confirmed that the transparent film desiccants, which absorbed the moisture that penetrated into the devices, could be applied to the encapsulation of top-emitting AMOLEDs.
Exosomes and Cancer: A Newly Described Pathway of Immune Suppression (2011)

Exosomes are small (30 to 100 nm) membrane-bound particles that are released from normal, diseased, and neoplastic cells and are present in blood and other bodily fluids. Exosomes contain a variety of molecules including signal peptides, mRNA, microRNA, and lipids. Exosomes can function to export from cells unneeded endogenous molecules and therapeutic drugs. When exosomes are taken up by specific cells, they may act locally to provide autocrine or paracrine signals or, at a distance, as a newly described nanoparticle-based endocrine system. Specifically, mRNA transferred to cells by exosomes can result in the production of new proteins. In cancer, signals via exosomes affect the immune system by inhibiting the functions of T cells and normal killer (NK) cells and by inhibiting the differentiation of precursors to mature antigen-presenting cells. Also, exosomes increase the number and/or activity of immune suppressor cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, T-regulatory cells, and CD14(+), HLA-DR(-/low) cells. The effects of exosomes on the development and progression of cancers, with an emphasis on suppression of immune surveillance, is described. Also discussed are potential uses of exosomes clinically, in the development of vaccines, in targeting tumors, and in diagnosis and/or early detection.
Computer‐assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA) for the assessment of alveolar bone density changes in furcations (1989)

The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of computer-assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA) for the quantitative assessment of alveolar bone density changes in furcations of multirooted teeth. In 21 patients, standardized radiographs were obtained immediately after and at 1, 6 and 12 months after periodontal flap procedures. Digitized images were obtained by means of a video-camera combined with an image processor that was linked to a computer. Quantitative information regarding density changes within windows covering furcation areas was obtained after superimposition and grey-level correction of images to be compared. 1 month after flap reflection, significantly more density loss was obtained in test furcations exposed to periodontal surgery, compared to the density changes in control furcation exposed to scaling and root planing. At 12 months, however, significantly greater increase in density was measured in test furcations compared to the 1-month results. The radiographic data were compared to the clinical parameters. In test furcations, there was a negative correlation of r = -0.52 between the GI and the loss in density at 1 month, and a negative correlation of r = -0.61 between the loss in density at 6 months and the probing attachment level at 12 months. These results indicate that CADIA may give valuable additional diagnostic information regarding alveolar bone density changes in furcations in studies on periodontal therapy.
Incorporating Scenarios And Heuristics To Improve Flexibility In Real-Time Embedded Systems (2006)

Flexibility, the ability to adapt to change, is important for real-time systems. As in any type of system, changes arise from maintenance, enhancements and upgrades. These changes are only feasible if timing requirements imposed by the real-time nature of the system can still be met. A flexible design will allow tasks to be added without impinging on other tasks, causing them to miss deadlines. The design space for these systems consists of many configurations describing how tasks and messages are allocated to hardware and scheduled on a hardware platform. Heuristic search is a well recognised strategy for solving allocation and scheduling problems but most research is limited to finding any valid solution for a current set of requirements. The technique proposed here incorporates scenario based analysis into heuristic search strategies where the ability of a solution to meet a scenario is included as another heuristic for the changeability of a system. This allows future requirements to be taken into account when choosing a solution so that future changes can be accommodated with minimal alterations to the existing system.
Analysis of the conversion of indigo into indigo carmine dye using SERRS (2004)

In a novel application SERRS has been used, by employing a silver sol, to monitor and analyse the conversion of indigo into the indigo carmine dye.
A Successive Approximation Technique for Displaying Gray Shades in Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) (2007)

A successive approximation technique that is based on the conventional line-by-line-addressing is proposed. A large number of gray shades can be displayed without flicker by using low-cost liquid crystal display drivers that are designed to drive the pixels to either ON or OFF states in bilevel displays.
Novel Expansion/Shrinkage Modulation of 2D Layered MOF Triggered by Clathrate Formation with CO<sub>2</sub> Molecules (2006)

Crystal-to-crystal transformation from a 3D interpenetrated-type MOF {[Cu(BF(4))(2)(bpy)(H(2)O)(2)] (bpy)} (1) to a 2D square-grid-type [Cu(BF(4))(2)(bpy)(2)] (2) (bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) was observed. It was derived from dehydration and confirmed by in situ FT-IR, TG, and elemental analysis. Moreover, we elucidate the novel expansion/shrinkage dynamic modulation of 2 triggered by clathrate formation with gas molecules.
Synthesis of hard carbon from argan shells for Na-ion batteries (2017)

Higher reversible capacity of 333 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> in Na cell is demonstrated for hard carbon derived from HCl-treated argan.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Dithizone Extraction (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric Determination of Copper in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Dithizone ExtractionH. W. PenderCite this: Anal. Chem. 1958, 30, 12, 1915–1917Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60144a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60144a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Complement receptor binding of C3b-coated cells treated with C3b inactivator, beta 1H globulin and trypsin. (1979)

Treatment of 125I-C3b bound to EAC1423b with C3b inactivator (C3bINA) and beta 1H globulin (beta 1H) cleaved the alpha-chain of C3b into 65,000- and 42,000-dalton fragments, both of which remained disulfide-bonded to the intact beta-chain (C3bi). Subsequent treatment with trypsin (0.1 microgram/ml) released 125I into the supernatant and yielded cells coated with a 33,000-dalton fragment of alpha-chain, presumably C3d. These results are in agreement with those obtained by others using fluid phase C3b. C3b-coated cells (EAC1423b) adhered to complement (C) receptors on human erythrocytes, glomeruli, and monocytes. C3bi-coated cells adhered to the receptors on glomeruli and monocytes, but not to those on human erythrocytes. C3d-coated cells adhered only to the monocyte receptors. The findings suggest that the glomerular C receptor recognizes portions of the C3 molecule different from those recognized by either the erythrocyte or monocyte receptors.
Comparison of Field and Greenhouse Evaluations for Tolerance to Phytophthora Rot in Soybean<sup>1</sup> (1984)

Tolerance to phytophthora rot caused by Phytophthora megasperma Drechs. f. sp. glycinea Kuan and Erwin ( Pmg ) is an alternative control method to race.specific resistance. Simple, effective, and consistent methods of evaluating tolerance would improve the etficiency of screening genotypes for tolerance. Therefore, the effectiveness and reliability of a field, hill‐plot method and a greenhouse, mycelium‐inoculum‐layer method for evaluating soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for tolerance to phytophthora rot was studied. A visually rated hill‐plot evaluation and a yield test of 22 genotypes were conducted at Viekery, Ohio in 1977, 1978, and 1979 on soil infested with races 1, 3, 4, and 7 of Pmg . Hill plots were planted on 76‐cm centers with 12 seeds per hill. Hill plots were rated for root‐rot severity in late August by visually estimating the percentage of dead plants and amount of stunting. The yield test was conducted in an area adjacent to the hill plots. The greenhouse evaluations were conducted at Wooster, Ohio by placing 14‐day‐old, V‐8 juice agar cultures of Pmg 5 cm below the seed in composted, hardwood‐bark media. Sterile V‐8 juice agar was used in uninoculated controls. Ten seeds were planted in a 1‐L polystyrene cup. Genotypes grown with and without Pmg were compared for number of live plants and for average plant height at 28 days after planting. Both the hill‐plot and greenhouse disease evaluations were effective and reliable in identifying tolerant soybean genotypes. Field and greenhouse disease ratings were highly correlated with seed yield. Maturity of the genotypes significantly influenced seed yield but did not significantly influence field, hill‐plot ratings or greenhouse ratings.
Irreversible inhibitors of the EGF receptor may circumvent acquired resistance to gefitinib (2005)

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with activating mutations in the kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) demonstrate dramatic, but transient, responses to the reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva). Some recurrent tumors have a common secondary mutation in the EGFR kinase domain, T790M, conferring drug resistance, but in other cases the mechanism underlying acquired resistance is unknown. In studying multiple sites of recurrent NSCLCs, we detected T790M in only a small percentage of tumor cells. To identify additional mechanisms of acquired resistance to gefitinib, we used NSCLC cells harboring an activating EGFR mutation to generate multiple resistant clones in vitro. These drug-resistant cells demonstrate continued dependence on EGFR and ERBB2 signaling for their viability and have not acquired secondary EGFR mutations. However, they display increased internalization of ligand-activated EGFR, consistent with altered receptor trafficking. Although gefitinib-resistant clones are cross-resistant to related anilinoquinazolines, they demonstrate sensitivity to a class of irreversible inhibitors of EGFR. These inhibitors also show effective inhibition of signaling by T790M-mutant EGFR and killing of NSCLC cells with the T790M mutation. Both mechanisms of gefitinib resistance are therefore circumvented by irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Our findings suggest that one of these, HKI-272, may prove highly effective in the treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLCs, including tumors that have become resistant to gefitinib or erlotinib.