gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of phospholamban from canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. (1985)

Phospholamban, a putative regulator of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), was purified from canine cardiac SR membranes. Cardiac SR was extracted with deoxycholate and fractionated with ammonium sulfate followed by gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography in the presence of the nonionic detergent, octa-ethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12E8), and KI. Further purification was achieved with CM-Sepharose CL 6B column chromatography in the presence of C12E8. The purified phospholamban showed a single band of 22,000 daltons on neutral sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Weber, K., and Osborn, M. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 4406-4412) and 27,000 daltons on alkaline SDS gels (Laemmli, U. K. (1970) Nature (Lond.) 227, 680-685). Boiling of phospholamban in 2% SDS produced total conversion into the lower molecular weight component on SDS gels (11,000 on Laemmli gel and 10,500 on Weber and Osborn gel). The apparent molecular weight of phospholamban on SDS gels was slightly increased by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation. The extent of phosphorylation catalyzed by cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the purified phospholamban preparations was about 42 nmol of phosphate/mg of protein when the protein concentration was determined by the method of Lowry et al. (Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., and Randall, R. J. (1951) J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265-275), or 138 nmol/mg of protein based on the protein concentration estimated by the dye absorption method. Rabbit antisera were prepared against purified phospholamban. The obtained antisera were found to bind to purified phospholamban as well as that in cardiac SR. No reaction was detected in fast skeletal muscle SR by immunofluorescent staining of Western blots. The present preparation of purified phospholamban and the antisera should facilitate further understanding of the regulatory action of phospholamban on the calcium pump ATPase.
Synthesis of Aryl Esters by Pd-catalysed Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides (1991)

Carbonylation of aryl iodides in the presence of phenols leading to ArCO2Ar’ has been carried out.
The Effects of Crystal Field and Temperature on the Photoluminescence Excitation Efficiency of Ce3+ in YAG (1979)

Absorption and luminescence spectra of YAG:Ce3+ crystals have been measured at various temperatures between 4.2° and 300°K. The high resolution, low temperature spectra show resolved fine structure. Zero‐phonon transitions have been assigned and the phonon replicas correlated with lattice phonon energies. The characteristic absorption band of YAG:Ce3+ near 460 nm decreases in intensity, whereas that near 340 nm increases with increasing temperature. This effect is explained in terms of a tetragonal crystal field splitting of both the 4f1 ground state and 5d1 excited states of Ce3+ in YAG. When allowance is made for changes in the absorption of pump light with temperature the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of Ce3+ in YAG is constant up to 300°K. The significance of these crystal field effects for the use of YAG:Ce as a high temperature lamp phosphor is discussed.
Rising behind NO: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (2000)

Over the past few years, a wealth of biochemical and functional data has been gathered on mammalian cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGKs). In mammals, three different kinases are encoded by two genes. Mutant and chimeric cGMP kinase proteins generated by molecular biology techniques have yielded important biochemical knowledge, such as the function of the N-terminal domains of cGKI and cGKII, the identity of the cGMP-binding sites of cGKI, the substrate specificity of the enzymes and structural details of the catalytic center. Genetic approaches have proved to be especially useful for the analysis of the biological function of cGKs. Recently, some of the in vivo targets and mechanisms leading to smooth muscle relaxation have been identified. In vivo targets are the myosin-binding subunit of myosin phosphatase (PP1M), a member of the protein phosphatase 1, the calcium-activated maxi K(+) channel and a new protein named IRAG that forms a complex with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P(3)) receptor and cGKI. Phosphorylation of PP1M by cGKI(alpha) activates myosin phosphatase, whereas phosphorylation of IRAG by cGKI(beta) decreases Ins(1,4, 5)P(3)-induced calcium release. cGKII regulates in vivo intestinal fluid secretion by phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), bone growth and renal renin secretion by phosphorylation of unknown proteins.
Minor histocompatibility antigen-specific, leukemia-reactive cytotoxic T cell clones can be generated in vitro without in vivo priming using chronic myeloid leukemia cells as stimulators in the presence of alpha-interferon. (1996)

At present, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only curative treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase (CP). The graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect appears to play an important role in this treatment. Direct evidence for a GVL effect has been reported in Ph1-positive CML patients who relapsed after allogeneic BMT and who were treated with leukocyte transfusion from the original marrow donor. Alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) may have facilitated this GVL effect since many patients were treated with it also. We investigated whether leukemia-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be generated from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-genotypically identical sibling bone marrow (BM) donors who donated marrow for two patients with Ph1-positive CML in CP and one patient with Ph1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We also investigated alpha-IFN's ability to facilitate the generation of CTLs. In the absence of alpha-IFN, CTL lines with only low cytotoxicity and no CTL clones could be generated. In the presence of alpha-IFN, however, alloreactive, leukemia-reactive CTL lines with high cytotoxicity could be generated, and CD8+ CTL clones could be established with HLA class I restricted minor histocompatibility antigen (mHa)-specific recognition. In a cell-mediated clonogenic cytotoxicity assay, the CTL clones showed specific growth inhibition of leukemic precursor cells from the recipient and a second CML patient, but the clones did not inhibit growth of hematopoietic precursor cells (HPCs) from the donor. The normal HPCs from an unrelated donor with the HLA class I restriction molecule were also recognized by the CTL clones, illustrating that the antigen recognized is not leukemia-specific. The mechanism of the immunomodulating effect by alpha-IFN is not clear. Addition of alpha-IFN to medium did not alter the expression of HLA or adhesion molecules on CML cells. In the treatment of CML, administration of alpha-IFN as adjuvant immunotherapy after allogeneic BMT may increase GVL reactivity.
Preoperative Radiological Factors Correlated to Long-Term Recurrence of Hallux Valgus Following Distal Chevron Osteotomy (2014)

Level III, comparative case series.
Intense plasma discharge source at 135 nm for extreme-ultraviolet lithography (1997)

We measured an emission of 6 mJ/pulse at 13.5 nm produced by the Li(2+) Lyman-? transition excited by a fast capillary discharge, using a lithium hydride capillary. 75% of the energy emanated from a spot size of 0.6 mm. The emission is narrow band and would thus be useful in extreme-ultraviolet lithography imaging systems that use Mo:Si multilayer mirrors. The output within the bandwidth of Mo:Si mirrors was comparable with that of a laser-produced plasma (LPP), and the wallplug efficiency of 0.1% was nearly an order of magnitude better than that of a LPP.
Polymorphism screening of PIK4CA: Possible candidate gene for chromosome 22q11‐linked psychiatric disorders (2002)

Lithium is potent non-competitive inhibitor of an enzyme involved in the metabolism of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P(2)), a critical phosphoinositide (PI) that regulates signal transduction and synaptic vesicle function. Interestingly, a number of genes involved in the regulation of PtdIns-4,5-P(2) synthesis and dephosphorylation are found in regions of the genome previously mapped in bipolar disorder (BPD) including 10p, 18q, 21q, and 22q. One is PIK4CA, a member of the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase family that phosphorylates PtdIns at the D4 position of the inositol ring as part of the PtdIns-4,5-P(2) synthetic pathway. PIK4CA maps to 22q11 in a region believed to contain a susceptibility gene for psychiatric disorders. Screening of two functional domains of PIK4CA and the promoter region resulted in the identification of 15 different polymorphisms. Rare variants at a consensus splice donor site and the promoter region were found in a total of three patients with BPD, three with schizophrenia (SZ) and only one control. Several common non-synonymous changes and a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -31 in the putative promoter were identified and analyzed in patients with BPD, SZ, and controls. There was no difference in the allele distribution in mentally ill subjects and controls for two variants, R2259C and E2079Q, both located in the PIK4CA catalytic domain. There was, however, a trend toward significance in the distribution of the -31 promoter genotypes in bipolar subjects and controls. Although the results of this analysis were modest, considering the heterogeneity of BPD and SZ and the hypothesis that BPD may be caused by abnormalities in genes that regulate PI-mediated phenomena in the brain, the polymorphisms we detected in the PIK4CA gene should be analyzed in a larger data set to help determine their significance in 22q11-linked mental disorders.
Quantitative Bestimmung von Hydroxylgruppen mit Hilfe magnesiumorganischer Verbindungen (1907)

einen Kijrper herztistellen, der als die zum Hamin gehiirige Laure Y' angesehen werden kann, untl fur den als organische Muttersubstanz des Aamins cler
Environmental life cycle assessment of polypropylene made from used cooking oil (2020)

Used cooking oil (UCO) has received much attention as feedstock for the production of renewable fuels and bio-based materials. This study aims to assess the environmental impact of UCO-based polypropylene (PP) by a cradle-to-factory gate Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA). 16 impact categories were assessed. The results were interpreted with normalization and weighting steps. For several multi-output processes, different allocation procedures were scrutinized. On a normalized and weighted basis, the environmental impacts of UCO-based PP are dominated by climate change (28%), fossil resource use (23%) and water use (11%). The following environmental hotspots are identified: the polymerization process (38%), the production of hydrogen (21%), the production of LPG (18%) and the combustion of LPG (8%). Compared to petrochemical PP, cradle to factory gate impact reductions of 40–62% for climate change and 80–86% for fossil fuel resource use can be achieved by UCO-based PP, depending on the allocation approach chosen. For other impact categories, the environmental footprint of bio-based PP is strongly influenced by the choice of the allocation method.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of an Inner Ear-Specific Structural Protein (1995)

Molecular biological studies of the mammalian inner ear have been limited by the relatively small size of the sensory endorgans contained within. The saccular otolithic organ in teleostian fish is structurally similar to its mammalian counterpart but can contain an order of magnitude more sensory cells. The prospect of the evolutionary conservation of proteins utilized in the vertebrate inner ear and the relative abundance of teleostian saccular sensory tissue made this an attractive system for molecular biological studies. A complementary DNA obtained by differential screening of a saccular complementary DNA library was identified that encodes an inner ear-specific collagen molecule.
SimFlex (2004)

The new focus on commercial workloads in simulation studies of server systems has caused a drastic increase in the complexity and decrease in the speed of simulation tools. The complexity of a large-scale full-system model makes development of a monolithic simulation tool a prohibitively difficult task. Furthermore, detailed full-system models simulate so slowly that experimental results must be based on simulations of only fractions of a second of execution of the modelled system.This paper presents SIMFLEX, a simulation framework which uses component-based design and rigorous statistical sampling to enable development of complex models and ensure representative measurement results with fast simulation turnaround. The novelty of SIMFLEX lies in its combination of a unique, compile-time approach to component interconnection and a methodology for obtaining accurate results from sampled simulations on a platform capable of evaluating unmodified commercial workloads.
<i>Maryblyt</i> v. 7.1 for Windows: An Improved Fire Blight Forecasting Program for Apples and Pears (2015)

This article describes updates found in Version 7.1 of the fire blight prediction model Maryblyt, originally developed by Paul Steiner and Gary Lightner. In addition, a brief history of the development of the Maryblyt model is given. The article ends with examples comparing the performance of Version 7.1 to Version 4.3c, the last version that was validated and released prior to its upgrade to Maryblyt 7.0 for Windows. We show that Version 7.1 provides results nearly identical to the previously validated DOS version 4.x. Accepted 22 December 2014. Published 27 January 2015.
Improving the Generalization Properties of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (1991)

An important feature of radial basis function neural networks is the existence of a fast, linear learning algorithm in a network capable of representing complex nonlinear mappings. Satisfactory generalization in these networks requires that the network mapping be sufficiently smooth. We show that a modification to the error functional allows smoothing to be introduced explicitly without significantly affecting the speed of training. A simple example is used to demonstrate the resulting improvement in the generalization properties of the network.
Metal foam evolution studied by synchrotron radioscopy (2001)

High-intensity synchrotron x-ray radioscopy was used to obtain real-time images of foaming metals, thus allowing the formation, growth, and decay of such systems to be studied. Bubble generation, foam coalescence and drainage of an aluminum-based alloy foam were investigated. Although the foaming process appears to be very similar to the formation of aqueous foams, the observed rupture behavior of thin metal films suggests that the processes responsible for metal foam stabilization and destabilization must be quite different.
Radioassay for Hydrogenase Activity in Viable Cells and Documentation of Aerobic Hydrogen-Consuming Bacteria Living in Extreme Environments (1983)

An isotopic tracer assay based on the hydrogenase-dependent formation of tritiated water from tritium gas was developed for in life analysis of microbial hydrogen transformation. This method allowed detection of bacterial hydrogen metabolism in pure cultures or in natural samples obtained from aquatic ecosystems. A differentiation between chemical-biological and aerobic-anaerobic hydrogen metabolism was established by variation of the experimental incubation temperature or by addition of selective inhibitors. Hydrogenase activity was shown to be proportional to the consumption or production of hydrogen by cultures of Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Clostridium pasteurianum, and Methanosarcina barkeri. This method was applied, in connection with measurements of free hydrogen and most-probable-number enumerations, in aerobic natural source waters to establish the activity and document the ecology of hydrogen-consuming bacteria in extreme acid, thermal, or saline environments. The utility of the assay is based in part on the ability to quantify bacterial hydrogen transformation at natural hydrogen partial pressures, without the use of artificial electron acceptors.
Synthese von Exalton und racemischem Muscon aus Cyclododecanon Vorläufige Mitteilung (1967)

Abstract New lines for the preparation of cyclopentadecanone (exaltone) and racemic muscon starting from cyclododecanone via bicyclic intermediate steps are described.
Near optimality of the discrete persistent access caching algorithm (2005)

Renewed interest in caching techniques stems from their application to improving the performance of the World Wide Web, where storing popular documents in proxy caches closer to end-users can significantly reduce the document download latency and overall network congestion. Rules used to update the collection of frequently accessed documents inside a cache are referred to as cache replacement algorithms. Due to many different factors that influence the Web performance, the most desirable attributes of a cache replacement scheme are low complexity and high adaptability to variability in Web access patterns. These properties are primarily the reason why most of the practical Web caching algorithms are based on the easily implemented Least-Recently-Used (LRU) cache replacement heuristic. In our recent paperJelenković and Radovanović (2004c), we introduce a new algorithm, termed Persistent Access Caching (PAC), that, in addition to desirable low complexity and adaptability, somewhat surprisingly achieves nearly optimal performance for the independent reference model and generalized Zipf's law request probabilities. Two drawbacks of the PAC algorithm are its dependence on the request arrival times and variable storage requirements. In this paper, we resolve these problems by introducing a discrete version of the PAC policy (DPAC) that, after a cache miss, places the requested document in the cache only if it is requested at least $k$ times among the last $m$, $m \geq k$, requests. However, from a mathematical perspective, due to the inherent coupling of the replacement decisions for different documents, the DPAC algorithm is considerably harder to analyze than the original PAC policy. In this regard, we develop a new analytical technique for estimating the performance of the DPAC rule. Using our analysis, we show that this algorithm is close to optimal even for small values of $k$ and $m$, and, therefore, adds negligible additional storage and processing complexity in comparison to the ordinary LRU policy.
Relative Contributions of the <i>Candida albicans</i> ABC Transporters Cdr1p and Cdr2p to Clinical Azole Resistance (2009)

Candida albicans frequently develops resistance to treatment with azole drugs due to the acquisition of gain-of-function mutations in the transcription factor Tac1p. Tac1p hyperactivation in azole-resistant isolates results in the constitutive overexpression of several genes, including CDR1 and CDR2, which encode two homologous transporters of the ATP-binding cassette family. Functional studies of Cdr1p and Cdr2p have been carried out so far by heterologous expression in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and by gene deletion or overexpression in azole-sensitive C. albicans strains in which CDR1 expression is low and CDR2 expression is undetectable. Thus, the direct demonstration that CDR1 and CDR2 overexpression causes azole resistance in clinical strains is still lacking, as is our knowledge of the relative contribution of each transporter to clinical azole resistance. In the present study, we used the SAT1 flipper system to delete the CDR1 and CDR2 genes from clinical isolate 5674. This strain is resistant to several azole derivatives due to a strong hyperactive mutation in Tac1p and expresses high levels of Cdr1p and Cdr2p. We found that deleting CDR1 had a major effect, reducing resistance to fluconazole (FLC), ketoconazole (KTC), and itraconazole (ITC) by 6-, 4-, and 8-fold, respectively. Deleting CDR2 had a much weaker effect, reducing FLC or KTC resistance by 1.5-fold, and had no effect on ITC resistance. These results demonstrate that Cdr1p is a major determinant of azole resistance in strain 5674 and potentially in other clinical strains overexpressing Cdr1p and Cdr2p, while Cdr2p plays a more minor role.
Software Based In-System Memory Test for Highly Available Systems (2005)

In this paper we describe a software based in-system memory test that is capable of testing system memory in both offline and online environments. A technique to transparently "steal" a chunk of memory from the system for running tests and then inserting it back for normal application's use is proposed. Factors like system memory architecture that needs to be considered while adapting any conventional memory testing algorithm for in-system testing are also discussed. Implementation of the proposed techniques can significantly improve the system's ability to proactively detect and manage functional faults in memory. An extension of the methodology described is expected to be applicable for in-system testing of other system components (like processor) as well.
European Practice With Sulzer Monotube Steam Generators (1953)

Abstract Most important basic assumptions and considerations have led to the choice of systems and designs adopted in a number of typical monotube installations, for which interesting operating experiences have been obtained. Since the advantages of once-through boilers are more pronounced for highest working pressures and temperatures, the paper discusses application to present and future industrial as well as public-utility purposes.
Sampling Rate Conversion for NTSC Color Television (1977)

Techniques are investigated for conversion between different sampling rates for NTSC color television signals. It is concluded that sampling rate conversion between 3 times color subcarrier frequency and 4 times color subcarrier frequency using all digital processing is quite feasible, and that hardware requirements are not unreasonable. Also, accumulation of error due to cascaded sampling rate conversion can be avoided by use of appropriate finite-impulse-response digital filters.
Electron-microscopic imaging of single-walled carbon nanotubes grown on silicon and silicon oxide substrates (2005)

Direct imaging of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) suspended on pillar-patterned Si or SiO2 substrates is investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The suspended nanotubes are successfully observed by direct TEM imaging and it is seen that they have either individual or bundles of SWNTs. Low energy (< or =2 keV) SEM produces high contrast images of suspended SWNTs. On the contrary, when SWNTs contact a SiO2 substrate, they are imaged using electron-beam induced current. The image brightness depends on the length of SWNTs.
Self-healing virtual path architecture in ATM networks (1995)

ATM network techniques have been actively researched and developed with the goal of realizing B-ISDN. ATM networks can transport signals of various services efficiently and economically, and offer the benefit of enhanced flexibility if the virtual path (VP) concept is adopted. Therefore, the ATM network will provide the infrastructure for B-ISDN. One of the most important themes in B-ISDN is the increased level of network reliability required to to match the high volume of data transmission that will be incurred by the information society and the "mission critical" nature of such data. The authors summarize self-healing network (SHN) schemes they have developed, and discuss problems that must be solved to realize SHN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>