gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
pConsensus Peptide Induces Tolerogenic CD8+ T Cells in Lupus-Prone (NZB × NZW)F1 Mice by Differentially Regulating Foxp3 and PD1 Molecules (2008)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease caused primarily by autoantibodies (including IgG anti-DNA) and immune complexes that cause tissue damage. After tolerization with an artificial peptide (pConsensus, pCons) based on murine anti-DNA IgG sequences containing MHC class I and class II T cell determinants, lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F(1) female (BWF(1)) mice develop regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells and inhibitory CD8+ T cells, both of which suppress anti-DNA Ig production and immune glomerulonephritis. In the present work, we show that splenocytes from BWF(1) mice treated with pCons had significant expansion of primarily CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells and B cells were each directly suppressed by CD8+ T cells from tolerized mice in a contact-independent manner. Both pCons-induced CD8+CD28+ and CD8+CD28- T cells suppressed production of anti-DNA in vitro. Silencing with small interfering RNA of Foxp3 abrogated the suppression mediated by both CD8+ T cell subsets. Additionally, CD8+ T cells from tolerized mice were weakly cytotoxic against syngeneic B cells from old anti-DNA-producing mice, but not from young mice. Importantly, pCons treatment had dual effects on CD8+ suppressor T cells from tolerized mice, increasing the intracellular expression of Foxp3 while decreasing the surface expression of PD1 molecules. Blocking PD1/PDL1 interactions in the CD8+ T cells from tolerized mice reduced their expression of Foxp3 and their ability to suppress CD4+CD25- proliferation. In contrast, blocking PD1/PDL1 in naive T cells increased Foxp3 expression. Our data suggest that tolerization with pCons activates different subsets of inhibitory/cytotoxic CD8+ T cells whose targets are both CD4+CD25- effector T cells and B cells.
A 70 MS/s 8-bit differential switched-current CMOS A/D converter using parallel interleaved pipelines (2002)

A 70 MS/s CMOS A/D converter is presented. Four double-sampling differential switched-current pipelines are used in a time interleaved structure to achieve a high sampling rate. Particular issues addressed are the matching of signal copies whilst maintaining full analogue bandwidth, and minimising signal corruption during propagation. The experimental converter is fabricated in a standard 0.8 /spl mu/m 5 V digital CMOS process without special options.
Unique flight characteristics of the AD-1 oblique-wing research airplane (1983)

Flight characteristics associated with an oblique-wing airplane have been studied with limited scope and complexity using the AD-1 research vehicle. The AD-1 is a low-speed, low-cost, manned airplane with an aeroelastically tailored wing that can be pivoted 0 to 60 deg asymmetrically. Results of the flight tests include aerodynamic parameter extraction, verification of the aeroelastic wing design criteria, trim requirements, stall characteristics, and an evaluation of the handling qualities and basic control system requirements. Some of the unique characteristics of these results that pertain to the oblique-wing design are presented.
SEMSim Cloud Service: Large-scale urban systems simulation in the cloud (2015)

Large-scale urban systems simulations are complex and with a large number of active simulation entities the computational workload is extensive. Workstation computers have only limited capabilities of delivering results for large-scale simulations. This leads to the problem that many researchers and engineers have to either reduce the scope of their experiments or fail to execute as many experiments as they would like in a given time frame. The use of high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure offers a solution to the problem. Users of such simulations are often domain experts with no or little experience with HPC environments. In addition users do not necessarily have access to an HPC. In this paper we propose an architecture for a cloud-based urban systems simulation platform which specifically aims at making large-scale simulations available to typical users. The proposed architecture also addresses the issue of data confidentiality. In addition we describe the Scalable Electro-Mobility Simulation (SEMSim) Cloud Service that implements the proposed architecture.
[Oncolytic viral therapy for cancer therapy]. (2006)

Recently, tumor-selective replicating viruses offer appealing advantages over conventional cancer therapy and are a promising new approach for the human cancer therapy. The development of oncolytic viral therapeutics is based on various strategies that each provides a different foundation for tumor-selective targeting and replication. Results from clinical trials of oncolytic viral therapy demonstrate the safety and feasibility of a new approach for cancer. Strategies to overcome various obstacles and challenges to this therapy are currently being searched. In the future, the development of oncolytic viral therapies will extend the range of tumors that can be treated using this novel treatment modality. In this paper, I would like to summarize the advances in the field including the findings from the viral treatment that we are currently utilizing.
Cell-Specific Pituitary Gene Expression Profiles after Treatment with Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Reveal Novel Modulators for Proopiomelanocortin Expression (2003)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) mediates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal stress response. Transgenic mice overexpressing LIF in the developing pituitary have altered pituitary differentiation with expansion of corticotropes, maintenance of Rathke's cleft cysts, and suppression of all other pituitary cell types. Affymetrix GeneChips were used to identify modulators of LIF effects in corticotrope (AtT-20) and somatolactotrope (GH(3)) cells. In addition to genes known to respond to LIF in corticotrope cells [e.g. suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)], corticotrope-specific changes were also observed for genes involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, transcription factors, signaling molecules, and expressed sequence tags. Two transcription factors identified, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-inducible factor (GIF), dose-dependently induced expression of the rat POMC promoter when overexpressed in AtT-20 cells. LIF further induced POMC transcription with C/EBPbeta, but not with GIF. C/EBPbeta also induced expression of the SOCS-3 promoter that was further enhanced by cotreatment with LIF. However, GIF did not affect SOCS-3 expression. These results indicate that C/EBPbeta and GIF are downstream effectors of LIF corticotrope action. LIF also stimulates the expression of inhibitors of its actions, such as SOCS-3 and SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1. alpha(2)-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG)/fetuin, a secreted protein that antagonizes bone TGFbeta/bone morphogenic protein signaling, was induced by LIF in a signal transducer and activator of transcription-3-dependent fashion. Pretreatment with AHSG/fetuin blocked LIF-induced expression of the POMC promoter independently of SOCS-3. Thus, using GeneChips, C/EBPbeta and GIF have been identified as novel mediators and AHSG/fetuin as an inhibitor of LIF action in corticotropes.
Chemiluminescence sensing of aminothiols in biological fluids using peroxymonocarbonate-prepared networked gold nanoparticles (2012)

We report a novel approach for preparation of networked gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using reactive oxygen species (i.e., peroxymonocarbonate, HCO(4)(-)) as a novel reducing agent, along with nonionic fluorosurfactant (FSN) assistance. The formation mechanism of the networked AuNPs is demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In this case, HCO(4)(-) serves as a reducing agent for the preparation of the networked AuNPs, and further as a strong oxidizing agent attached to the surface of networked AuNPs, which can trigger the strong CL emission from luminol without the addition of H(2)O(2). In addition, FSN can control and stabilize the crystal morphology of the networked AuNPs, and improve the selectivity of the CL detection system for aminothiols. Finally, the networked AuNPs have been applied for ultrasensitive detection of aminothiols in human urine and plasma samples.
Botulinum toxin treatment of essential palatal myoclonus tinnitus. (1998)

Tensor veli palatini botulinium toxin injection is an effective treatment for essential palatal myoclonus tinnitus.
Self-tuning adaptive control of multi-input, multi-output nonlinear systems using multilayer recurrent neural networks with application to synchronous power generators (2002)

A multilayer recurrent neural network-based approach for the identification and self-tuning adaptive control of multi-input multi-output nonlinear dynamical systems is developed. An efficient online implementation of the control strategy, by a fast updating of the control actions to track the dynamical variations in the system, is facilitated by the recurrent neural network, which is trained by a supervised training scheme that uses a simple updating rule. An application of this approach for the adaptive control of synchronous power generators under fault conditions is described, and a quantitative performance evaluation is given to bring out certain important characteristic features of the neural network used for control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neurotrophin signal transduction by the Trk receptor (1994)

The initial event in the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells is the binding of the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) to the Trk receptor. This interaction stimulates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of Trk, initiating a signalling cascade involving the phosphorylation of intracellular proteins on tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. These signals are then in turn propagated to other messengers, ultimately leading to differentiation, neurotrophin-dependent survival, and the loss of proliferative capacity. To transmit NGF signals, NGF-activated Trk rapidly associates with the cytoplasmic proteins, SHC, PI-3 kinase, and PLC-gamma 1. These proteins are involved in stimulating the formation of various second messenger molecules and activating the Ras signal transduction pathway. Studies with Trk mutants indicate that the activation of the Ras pathway is necessary for complete differentiation of PC12-derived cells and for the maintenance of the differentiated phenotype. Trk also induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of SNT, a specific target of neurotrophic factor activity in neuronal cells. This review will discuss the potential roles of Trk and the proteins of the Trk signalling pathways in NGF function, and summarize our attempts to understand the mechanisms used by Trk to generate the many phenotypic responses of PC12 cells to NGF.
Manchester Decoding Algorithm For Multifunction Vehicle Bus (2005)

The multifunction vehicle bus (MVB) is a local area network for telematic applications of trains. It uses Manchester encoding in order to interchange data among field devices on board. The physical level is accurately defined since RS-485 standard is followed. So electrical signal are bipolar and the point-to-multipoint structure is the most common topology. The railway communication systems must be hardly reliable, so any error in a received frame supposes discarding it. The decoding algorithm in this paper detects wrong values of voltage along a defined symbol and compares the placement of edges with the theoretical right position. It is based on an over-sampling process, by taking into account the admitted tolerance in the medium. AC model of an MVB circuit has been created in order to validate the decoding algorithm and establish the start point in the design flow. Exhaustive simulations have proved that the decoder can detect any error in the symbol level with a resolution of 41.67 ns, 12.5 % of the symbol time and that all misplaced edges are rejected and correct ones might be discarded in a range of 25 ns, 7.5 % of the symbol time. In addition, the decoder has been described in VHDL and synthesized in a EPM3032ALC44 of Altera. It has been arranged in the following modules: the start bit detector, a clock signals generator, a shift register and the edges detector.
A calibration for the modulated wideband converter using sinusoids with unknown phases (2017)

Based on the compressed sensing theory, the sub-Nyquist samplers are proposed to acquire the wideband signals. Among them, although the modulated wideband converter (MWC) is theoretically well designed, a calibration is needed for the implementation. In this paper, we propose a calibration algorithm to estimate the practical system transfer sequentially injecting sinusoids with unknown phases. For the successful calibration, the unknown phases of the sinusoids are estimated in the proposed algorithm, which affect the calibration performance tremendously.
Icons Off the Mark (2013)

In two landmark articles, longtime scholars Kenneth N. Waltz and Thomas C. Schelling have re-emphasized the utility of nuclear deterrence over nuclear nonproliferation (Waltz) and nuclear disarmament (Schelling). While the thrust of the articles is seemingly different, both are rooted in the same intellectual ground: an epistemology that assumes problem-free inferences, drawn from past experiences, are applicable in future scenarios; a foundational rooting in strategic rationality that entangles them in unsolvable contradictions concerning comparable risks of different nuclear constellations, namely deterrence versus proliferation and disarmament; and a bias in framing the empirical record that makes nuclear deterrence more conducive to security than nuclear disarmament. The common normative-practical denominator, then, is to let a nuclear weapon-free world appear both less desirable and less feasible than it might actually be.
Population growth distribution and density changes and urbanization in Zimbabwe: a preliminary assessment following the 1982 census. (1987)

Aspects of population growth and redistribution [in Zimbabwe] including urbanization are assessed using data from the 1982 and earlier censuses together with preliminary information from cartographic analysis extracted from an on-going research programme. It is concluded that in several respects Zimbabwe typifies sub-Saharan population trends and imbalances and that a number of ingredients for an urban spatial transformation are present. However the presence of sizeable tracts of under-utilized formerly European-owned farmland and of a semi-developed system of urban places including mature colonial towns are seen as significant local modifying characteristics that potentially offer partial solutions to the countrys population problems. (EXCERPT)
Robust grasping manipulation of deformable objects (2002)

A simple but robust control law for the grasping manipulation of deformable objects is presented. In the handling of deformable objects, grasping and manipulation must be performed simultaneously despite uncertainties during the handling process. We propose a control law to perform grasping and manipulation of deformable objects using a real time vision system.
An imprecise algorithm for real-time compressed image and video transmission (2002)

One major requirement for multimedia systems is the efficient transmission of multimedia information over a communication or computer network. Several commercial products heave been developed to apply compression techniques to images and videos in order to reduce their transmission time. Sufficient available time and bandwidth lead to satisfactory results, but image/video loss occurs if these resources are insufficient. Using imprecise computation theory, we can achieve a good tradeoff between the quality of the transmitted image/video and the available resources such as the time for transmission. However, for a compressed image file, this very flexible technique cannot be easily applied since a compressed file cannot be uncompressed if it is not transmitted completely. This paper proposes an imprecise compressed image/video transmission technique which combines the advantages of both compression and imprecise computation for the first time. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better results compared to simply using compression or imprecise transmission techniques, and has a good potential for commercial use.
A new method for real-time monitoring of high-voltage transmission-line conductor sag (2002)

The amount of power flowing through a high-voltage transmission line is proportional to its voltage and the current flowing through it. To increase power flow without modifying the line to support increased voltage, the current must be increased. There is a limit to this, however, since increasing the current causes the conductor temperature to increase and, hence, the conductors to elongate and sag. In this paper, a method to simply and inexpensively measure the amount of conductor sag and, through simple calculation, the average conductor core temperature is described, and the results of a field test are summarized. The method involves attaching two ends of a grounded wire of high electrical resistance to an appropriate location on each of two transmission-line towers and measuring the current induced on the wire by the nearby transmission-line conductors. Information from this measurement is a critical input to any method for dynamically rating transmission lines.
Advantages and drawbacks of Thiol-ene based resins for 3D-printing (2015)

The technology of 3D printing is conquering the world and awakens the interest of many users in the most varying of applications. New formulation approaches for photo-sensitive thiol-ene resins in combination with various printing technologies, like stereolithography (SLA), projection based printing/digital light processing (DLP) or two-photon polymerization (TPP) are presented. Thiol-ene polymerizations are known for its fast and quantitative reaction and to form highly homogeneous polymer networks. As the resins are locally and temporally photo-curable the polymerization type is very promising for 3D-printing. By using suitable wavelengths, photoinitiator-free fabrication is feasible for single- and two photon induced polymerization. In this paper divinyl ethers of polyethylene glycols in combination with star-shaped tetrathiols were used to design a simple test-system for photo-curable thiol-ene resins. In order to control and improve curing depth and lateral resolution in 3D-polymerization processes, either additives in chemical formulation or process parameters can be changed. The achieved curing depth and resolution limits depend on the applied fabrication method. While two-/multiphoton induced lithography offers the possibility of micron- to sub-micron resolution it lacks in built-up speed. Hence single-photon polymerization is a fast alternative with optimization potential in sub-10-micron resolution. Absorber- and initiator free compositions were developed in order to avoid aging, yellowing and toxicity of resulting products. They can be cured with UV-laser radiation below 300 nm. The development at Fraunhofer ILT is focusing on new applications in the field of medical products and implants, technical products with respect to mechanical properties or optical properties of 3D-printed objects. Recent process results with model system (polyethylene glycol divinylether/ Pentaerithrytol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionat), Raman measurements of polymer conversion and surface modifications using bifunctional crosslinkers are presented with advantages, drawbacks and a general outlook.
Chemotherapy Delays Progression of Motor Neuron Disease in the SOD1 G93A Transgenic Mouse (2004)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> A significant proliferation of glial cells occurs in the spinal cord and brainstem of SOD1 G93A transgenic mice with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since activated glia may contribute to motor neuron degeneration, we tested whether inhibition of gliosis using low-dose chemotherapy is beneficial in this mouse model. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Mice were administered fortnightly intraperitoneal injections of 0.1 mg/kg vincristine (VIN) or saline commencing at postnatal day 68 before disease onset. Mice were sacrificed at end-stage disease, and spinal cords were examined for histology. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Survival of VIN-treated mice was significantly increased at 132.0 ± 4.1 days compared to control animals at 117.8 ± 2.1 days (p < 0.05). Furthermore, analysis of microglia and astrocyte populations suggests a reduction in the former following VIN therapy. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study suggests that chemotherapy may offer an alternative therapy or co-therapy for ALS.
Breast Cancer–Associated Fibroblasts Confer AKT1-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing of <i>Cystatin M</i> in Epithelial Cells (2008)

The interplay between histone modifications and promoter hypermethylation provides a causative explanation for epigenetic gene silencing in cancer. Less is known about the upstream initiators that direct this process. Here, we report that the Cystatin M (CST6) tumor suppressor gene is concurrently down-regulated with other loci in breast epithelial cells cocultured with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Promoter hypermethylation of CST6 is associated with aberrant AKT1 activation in epithelial cells, as well as the disabled INNP4B regulator resulting from the suppression by CAFs. Repressive chromatin, marked by trimethyl-H3K27 and dimethyl-H3K9, and de novo DNA methylation is established at the promoter. The findings suggest that microenvironmental stimuli are triggers in this epigenetic cascade, leading to the long-term silencing of CST6 in breast tumors. Our present findings implicate a causal mechanism defining how tumor stromal fibroblasts support neoplastic progression by manipulating the epigenome of mammary epithelial cells. The result also highlights the importance of direct cell-cell contact between epithelial cells and the surrounding fibroblasts that confer this epigenetic perturbation. Because this two-way interaction is anticipated, the described coculture system can be used to determine the effect of epithelial factors on fibroblasts in future studies.