gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study on channel estimation algorithm with sounding reference signal for TDD downlink scheduling (2017)

Coping with the limited amount of available spectrum, time division duplexing (TDD) system is considered as an attractive duplexing method due to exploiting channel reciprocity as well as flexible resource management. The conventional scheduling scheme is based on the channel quality indicator (CQI) reported from the user equipment (UE) to estimate instantaneous data rates for the scheduling metric calculation. However, CQI is insufficient to reflect the state of the channel variation in terms of frequency and time. Based on the channel reciprocity of TDD systems, we utilize uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) to estimate downlink channel status. However the received SRS power is a result of uplink power control where power control effect should be compensated to estimate channel status in downlink scheduling. In order to solve this problem, we propose the SRS path loss estimation method based on the power headroom report. By using this scheme, the base station (BS) can obtain the compensated signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) and determine the scheduling metric based on its calculated SINR instead of reported CQI from UE. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduling algorithm outperforms the conventional scheme in total throughput, whereas the fairness index experienced by the proposed algorithm is lesser than of the conventional scheme based on CQI.
More than apical: distribution of SGLT1 in Caco-2 cells (2003)

We investigated the distribution of the endogenous sodium-d-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) in polarized Caco-2 cells, a model for enterocytes. A cellular organelle fraction was separated by free-flow electrophoresis and subjected to the analysis of endogenous and exogenous marker enzymes for various membrane vesicle components. Furthermore, the presence of SGLT1 was tested by an ELISA assay employing newly developed epitope specific antibodies. Thereby it was found that the major amount of SGLT1 resided in intracellular compartments and only a minor amount in apical plasma membranes. The distribution ratio between intracellular SGLT1 and apical membrane-associated SGLT1 was approximately 2:1. Further immunocytochemical investigation of SGLT1 distribution in fixed Caco-2 cells by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy revealed that the intracellular compartments containing SGLT1 were associated with microtubules. Elimination of SGLT1 synthesis by incubation of cells with cycloheximide did not significantly reduce the size of the intracellular SGLT1 pool. Furthermore, the half-life of SGLT1 in Caco-2 cells was determined to be 2.5 days by metabolic labeling followed by immunoprecipitation. Our data suggest that most of the intracellular SGLT1 are not transporters en route from biosynthesis to their cellular destination but represent an intracellular reserve pool. We therefore propose that intracellular compartments containing SGLT1 are involved in the regulation of SGLT1 abundance at the apical cell surface.
G-quadruplex DNA drives genomic instability and represents a targetable molecular abnormality in ATRX-deficient malignant glioma (2019)

Mutational inactivation of ATRX (α-thalassemia mental retardation X-linked) represents a defining molecular alteration in large subsets of malignant glioma. Yet the pathogenic consequences of ATRX deficiency remain unclear, as do tractable mechanisms for its therapeutic targeting. Here we report that ATRX loss in isogenic glioma model systems induces replication stress and DNA damage by way of G-quadruplex (G4) DNA secondary structure. Moreover, these effects are associated with the acquisition of disease-relevant copy number alterations over time. We then demonstrate, both in vitro and in vivo, that ATRX deficiency selectively enhances DNA damage and cell death following chemical G4 stabilization. Finally, we show that G4 stabilization synergizes with other DNA-damaging therapies, including ionizing radiation, in the ATRX-deficient context. Our findings reveal novel pathogenic mechanisms driven by ATRX deficiency in glioma, while also pointing to tangible strategies for drug development.
Neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium. (1994)

The initial step in the recognition of odors occurs when individual odorant molecules enter the nasal cavity and interact with the sensory endings of neurons located in the olfactory epithelium. These neurons are unique in several respects. First, they are directly accessible to the external environment. Second, perhaps because of their exposure to toxic substances in the environment, they degenerate and are replenished continuously from a population of stem cells at the base of the epithelium. Third, the sensory neurons born in the olfactory epithelium of adults retain the ability to differentiate and establish synaptic contact with target cells in the mature olfactory bulb. These unique features, which are conserved phylogenetically (for example, see Blaustein et al), provide substantial rationale for studying neuronal genesis and differentiation in the olfactory epithelium. We will summarize much of what is currently known about the development of the olfactory epithelium, the birth and differentiation of olfactory receptor neurons, and the molecular correlates of these events.
Rapid Method of Super Glue ® Fuming Application for the Development of Latent Fingerprints (1983)

Abstract A method for developing latent fingerprints on various problem surfaces has been in demand for many years. Super Glue® fuming has met this challenge in resolving many of the frustrations of the latent fingerprint examiner. However, time is a factor that cannot be ignored and therefore this method is presented to minimize the time element between the introduction of the Super Glue in the fuming chamber and the actual development of the latent prints. Fuming is increased in a shortened period of time through the chemical reaction known as polymerization. The latent development time lapse is minimized to approximately 1h or less as opposed to several hours to several days described in the nonacclerant method.
A team production model of corporate governance (2005)

Executive Overview A post-Enron consensus on corporate governance has emerged among investor groups, government regulators, and the private exchanges. The corporate board should function principally as a shareholder oversight body. To ensure independence from management, the board should have a substantial majority of independent, outside directors, who neither have business relationships with the firm nor social relationships with management. These reforms may decrease the probability for director complicity in managerial malfeasance. However, research has not demonstrated a relationship between board independence and firm performance. Corporate governance looks quite different when the firm is considered as a cooperative team to produce new wealth. From this “production” perspective, corporate governance recommendations differ substantially from recent reforms. Rather than have directors solely represent shareholder interests, boards should represent those stakeholders that add value, assume unique risk, and possess strategic information. Rather than restrict insiders to one or two, boards should include a group of employees (managers and workers) who bring the firm's know-how to the table. The team production model for corporate governance has far-reaching implications. The recommendations derived from our model suggest that the latest reform proposals offered by the New York Stock Exchange and the Securities and Exchange Commission create a board of directors that does not adequately consider the firm's new wealth-producing capabilities. This, we argue, accounts for the missing positive link between board independence and firm performance.
Reflections on both-ways at Batchelor institute (2004)

My name is Robyn Ober (nee Ramsey). I come from Innisfail in North Queensland. My mother's people are the Djirribal people from North Queensland and my father's people are from Cape York Peninsula around the Hopevale area. They are from the KuKu Yalangi tribe.
Ruminating Reader: Reasoning with Gated Multi-Hop Attention (2017)

To answer the question in machine comprehension (MC) task, the models need to establish the interaction between the question and the context. To tackle the problem that the single-pass model cannot reflect on and correct its answer, we present Ruminating Reader. Ruminating Reader adds a second pass of attention and a novel information fusion component to the Bi-Directional Attention Flow model (BiDAF). We propose novel layer structures that construct an query-aware context vector representation and fuse encoding representation with intermediate representation on top of BiDAF model. We show that a multi-hop attention mechanism can be applied to a bi-directional attention structure. In experiments on SQuAD, we find that the Reader outperforms the BiDAF baseline by a substantial margin, and matches or surpasses the performance of all other published systems.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes transient lower respiratory tract infection in rhesus macaques (2013)

In 2012, a novel betacoronavirus, designated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus or MERS-CoV and associated with severe respiratory disease in humans, emerged in the Arabian Peninsula. To date, 108 human cases have been reported, including cases of human-to-human transmission. The availability of an animal disease model is essential for understanding pathogenesis and developing effective countermeasures. Upon a combination of intratracheal, ocular, oral, and intranasal inoculation with 7 × 10(6) 50% tissue culture infectious dose of the MERS-CoV isolate HCoV-EMC/2012, rhesus macaques developed a transient lower respiratory tract infection. Clinical signs, virus shedding, virus replication in respiratory tissues, gene expression, and cytokine and chemokine profiles peaked early in infection and decreased over time. MERS-CoV caused a multifocal, mild to marked interstitial pneumonia, with virus replication occurring mainly in alveolar pneumocytes. This tropism of MERS-CoV for the lower respiratory tract may explain the severity of the disease observed in humans and the, up to now, limited human-to-human transmission.
Magnetic behavior of NiFe/NiO bilayers (1998)

In this study, the magnetic behavior of NiFe/NiO bilayers has been investigated. The relationship between the magnetic properties and interfacial interaction has been briefly discussed. Since magnetic properties of the bilayers are mainly determined by interfacial magnetic interaction, in this article, not only unidirectional interfacial anisotropy has been used to explain exchange field, Hex; also, for the first time, uniaxial interfacial anisotropy is introduced to describe interfacial interaction affecting the magnetic properties, especially coercivity Hc of the bilayers. In addition, a model is proposed to explain the magnetic behavior of the bilayers. The model has been tested by experiment. The experimental results are consistent with the model prediction, and this also confirms the assumption that the magnetization of the bilayer reverses by magnetic rotation.
The Challenge of Basic Itch Research (2020)

Basic mechanisms and pathways of itch signaling are reviewed, with an emphasis on the progress to date as well as remaining challenges in translating current knowledge to the clinical treatment of chronic itch. Recent studies reveal 3 subsets of pruriceptive sensory neurons highly expressing itch-related genes. Their fibers project into the spinal cord to activate neurons expressing gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and its receptor (GRPR), which connect to neurons that express the substance P (NK-1) receptor and project to the parabrachial nucleus and thalamus. Spinal inhibitory interneurons release GABA, glycine and dynorphin to modulate segmental itch transmission. However, near-ly all pruriceptive neurons also respond to algogens such as capsaicin. Alternative theories of itch-pain discrimination, such as intensity or spatial contrast, are based on the observation that focal stimulation of nociceptive nerve endings elicits itch while more wide-spread stimulation elicits pain. These findings cloud the issue of a labeled line for itch- a long-debated but currently unresolved challenge. In higher primates there is a dichotomy of histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch-signaling pathways which is less demarcated in rodents, suggesting species differences. A cardinal symptom of chronic itch is alloknesis, i.e., mechanical or touch-evoked itch. Recent evidence indicates that low-threshold mechanosensory afferents can access the spinal itch pathway, but are normally kept in check by inhibitory interneurons expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY). In chronic itch, NPY-mediated inhibition is reduced, allowing touch to excite itch-signaling pathways. These recent advances provide novel targets for development of therapeutic strategies to relieve chronic itch.
Liquid-phase catalytic transfer hydrogenation and cyclization of levulinic acid and its esters to γ-valerolactone over metal oxide catalysts (2011)

Levulinic acid and its esters are converted to γ-valerolactone over metal oxide catalysts by catalytic transfer hydrogenation via the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reaction.
Identification of some rabbit allergens as lipocalins (2001)

Rabbits are frequently used as laboratory animals or kept as domestic pets. Rabbit serum albumin and a 17-kDa protein referred to as Ory c 1 have previously been reported as allergens. Several other allergenic proteins have been recognized by crossed immuno-electrophoresis but have not been characterized. The aim of this study was to characterize the allergenic proteins present in rabbit saliva, urine and fur on the basis of molecular size and, where possible, to determine their amino acid sequences. Extracts from the male New Zealand white rabbit were used for developing specific direct RAST and RAST inhibition assays. Proteins in the extracts were separated by SDS-PAGE and the individual allergens identified by immunoblotting with serum from rabbit-allergic individuals. The N-termini of four allergens were sequenced. Saliva was the most potent extract. In total, 26 protein bands were recognized as allergens in the three extracts: 12 in saliva, seven in urine and seven in fur. Their molecular weights ranged from an 8-kDa species in saliva to an 80-kDa protein in urine. The N terminal sequences of an 18 kDa and a 21-kDa species in saliva, were identified as lipocalins with sequence similarity to a recently described odourant binding protein. This is the first evidence that allergens from the rabbit are members of the lipocalin superfamily of proteins, suggesting that similar mechanisms may be involved in eliciting the allergic response to rabbits. The 18 kDa allergen from saliva may be the previously named rabbit allergen, Ory c 1.
Risk factors of wheeze and allergy after lower respiratory tract infections during early childhood. (2001)

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) during early childhood can lead to bronchial hyperreactivity or recurrent obstructive bronchitis. The role of LRIs in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic eczema, and bronchial asthma is less clear. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of subsequent wheezing and atopy, and the known risk factors for allergic sensitization in 74 children hospitalized for acute LRIs of various etiologies from January 1994 through December 1994. Results showed that there are no differences in outcomes between patients with respiratory syncytial virus LRI, Chlamydia pneumoniae LRI, and LRIs caused by other agents. Although lower respiratory tract illnesses, especially those caused by respiratory syncytial virus during infancy, were associated with an increased risk of subsequent wheezing during early childhood, wheezing tended to disappear with increasing age in many children. This study also found recurrent episodes of wheezing during the first 5 years of life, and symptoms suggestive of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were the only factors predictive of subsequent diagnosis of asthma for children who had LRIs during early childhood. In conclusion, this study suggests that prevention of recurrent wheezing LRIs and good control of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is critical for preventing subsequent development of bronchial asthma.
Androgen receptor–mediated inhibition of cutaneous wound healing (2002)

Impaired wound healing states in the elderly lead to substantial morbidity, mortality, and a cost to the USHealth Services of over $9 billion per annum. In addition to intrinsic aging per se causing delayed healing, studies have suggested marked sex-differences in wound repair. We report that castration of male mice results in a striking acceleration of local cutaneous wound healing, and is associated with a reduced inflammatory response and increased hair growth. Using a hairless mouse model, we have demonstrated that testosterone reduction stimulates the healing response not through hair follicle epithelial/mesenchymal cell proliferation, but directly via effects on wound cell populations. We suggest that endogenous testosterone inhibits the cutaneous wound healing response in males and is associated with an enhanced inflammatory response. The mechanisms underlying the observed effects involve a direct upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression by macrophages in response to testosterone. Blockade of androgen action systemically, via receptor antagonism, accelerates healing significantly, suggesting a specific target for future therapeutic intervention in impaired wound healing states in elderly males.
<i>Candida albicans SOU1</i> encodes a sorbose reductase required for <scp>L</scp>‐sorbose utilization (2005)

Previous work in our laboratory showed that L-sorbose utilization in Candida albicans is subject to a novel form of regulation which involves a reversible increase or decrease in the copy number of chromosome 5. Furthermore, the structural gene SOU1 is required for L-sorbose utilization and encodes a member of the short chain dehydrogenase family. However, the precise function of SOU1 was not known and neither was the pathway for L-sorbose utilization. We have now expressed SOU1 at a high level from a replicative plasmid having a constitutive ADH1 promoter and purified a version of Sou1p tagged with the FLAG epitope at the N-terminus. Sou1FLAGNp has a sorbose reductase activity which utilizes NADPH as a co-factor and converts L-sorbose to D-sorbitol. It can also less efficiently utilize fructose as a substrate with NADPH as a co-factor, converting fructose to mannitol. In agreement with prediction, the purified enzyme has a subunit molecular weight of 31 kDa and a pI of about 4.8. It probably consists of four identical subunits and has a pH optimum of 6.2. The L-sorbose utilization pathway in C. albicans probably converts L-sorbose to fructose-6-phosphate via D-sorbitol as an intermediate. The first step is catalysed by Sou1p. We also found that C. albicans extracts have a D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, not encoded by SOU1, which utilizes NADP as a co-factor. This activity has not been described previously in yeasts and may be involved in the conversion of phosphorylated D-sorbitol to fructose-6-phosphate or glucose-6-phosphate.
A 6-bit Current-Steering DAC With Compound Current Cells for Both Communication and Rail-to-Rail Voltage-Source Applications (2012)

A compound current cell, with n-type, p-type, and bipolar properties, is proposed in this brief and utilized in a current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to satisfy the application of rail-to-rail voltage sources. In addition, the DAC with cells also has a high-speed fashion. Therefore, this brief presents a 6-bit CMOS current-steering DAC with cells for both communication and rail-to-rail voltage-source applications. Moreover, the effective output voltage step size is improved by appropriately switching these cells and connecting one of the gain control resisters, resulting in an about 6.4-mV step size in a 1.2-V supply. Furthermore, this DAC was implemented in a standard low-power 90-nm 1P9M CMOS technology with the active area of 0.045 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measured spurious-free dynamic range is more than 36 dB over the Nyquist frequency at 3 GS/s and the DAC consumes 8.32 mW with a near-Nyquist sinusoidal output at the sampling rate of 3 GS/s.
Critical Role of Aquaporins in Interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-induced Inflammation (2014)

Rapid changes in cell volume characterize macrophage activation, but the role of water channels in inflammation remains unclear. We show here that, in vitro, aquaporin (AQP) blockade or deficiency results in reduced IL-1β release by macrophages activated with a variety of NLRP3 activators. Inhibition of AQP specifically during the regulatory volume decrease process is sufficient to limit IL-1β release by macrophages through the NLRP3 inflammasome axis. The immune-related activity of AQP was confirmed in vivo in a model of acute lung inflammation induced by crystals. AQP1 deficiency is associated with a marked reduction of both lung IL-1β release and neutrophilic inflammation. We conclude that AQP-mediated water transport in macrophages constitutes a general danger signal required for NLRP3-related inflammation. Our findings reveal a new function of AQP in the inflammatory process and suggest a novel therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory therapy.
Cyber Digital Twin Simulator for Automatic Gathering and Prioritization of Security Controls’ Requirements (2020)

The scale and complexity of cyber threats in digital enterprises hamper operators' ability to gather, prioritize and rationalize which security controls requirements should be handled first to achieve rapid risk reduction. This paper presents a cyber digital twin, based on attack graph analytics, that automatically gathers and prioritizes security controls requirements at scale over active networks. The first-of-a-kind twin collects information about the computer network, associates it with attack tactics, measures the efficiency of implemented security controls requirements and automatically detects missing security controls. The twin also evaluates a cyber risk value using the attack graph and proposes prioritization of the detected requirements to rapidly reduce risk within existing system constraints. The cyber digital twin simulator offers several new risk reduction methods for automatically selecting security controls requirements. The necessary data for constructing a contextual cyber digital twin is defined, including the relationship between security controls and attack tactics. The paper illustrates the calculations used for ranking security controls' risk impact, the algorithm for security controls' requirements prioritization, and finally demonstrates successful results using a field experiment conducted via an active network.