gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts mediate akt-regulated survival in prostate cancer cells. (2002)

Although cholesterol accumulation in tumors was first reported in the early20th century, the mechanistic implications of this observation are still obscure. Here we report that caveolin-negative human prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells contain cholesterol-rich lipid rafts that mediate epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced and constitutive signaling through the Akt1 serine-threonine kinase. EGF receptor and Akt1 phosphorylation were inhibited and autonomous cell survival was reduced when the rafts were disrupted. Reconstitution of the rafts with cholesterol restored EGF receptor-->Akt1 axis signaling and cytoprotection from a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent apoptotic signal. These results suggest that cholesterol present in membrane microdomains is a prominent mediator of survival in prostate cancer cells.
Sequencing‐based typing of HLA‐A locus using mRNA and a single locus‐specific PCR followed by cycle‐sequencing with AmpliTaq DNA polymerase, FS (1997)

The large number (59) of alleles now known at the HLA-A locus is a serious challenge to the existing methods for HLA typing, including many of the DNA based methods. Here, we describe a sequencing-based typing (SBT) protocol for typing of HLA-A alleles using a single A-locus-specific PCR. This reaction amplifies an 824 base pair product from cDNA, prepared from mRNA, covering exons 1-3 and most of exon 4. This product allows identification of all possible combinations of two alleles from this locus. The sequencing strategy used for allele assignment contains several improvements compared to those previously published. The enzyme AmpliTaq DNA Polymerase, FS, used, combines high-quality sequencing, i.e. long reads, low background, and uniform peak heights making the identification of heterozygous positions very reliable in a fast and easy protocol developed by determining the optima for a number of variables. Thus, this strategy meets most of the requirements for the use of sequencing in HLA typing. Furthermore, this method is very flexible. The use of a PCR primer-pair tailed with the recognition sites for two different sequencing primers allows the application of the same sets of fluorescent-labelled sequencing primers regardless of the amplified locus. Thus, the protocol can very easily be extended to cover the B- and C-locus too, simply by adding PCR reactions specific for these loci to the protocol. Using this protocol, we investigated a total of 65 cell lines and clinical samples, many of the latter chosen from samples difficult to type by serology. Our method gave in all cases unambiguous results and proved functional for work requiring the highest resolution.
Device-free indoor localisation using radio tomography imaging in 800/900 MHz band (2014)

Radio tomographic imaging (RTI) can be used as a method for device free localisation of persons in rooms. By measuring the signal strength of all links of a network of sensor nodes, one can estimate the position of an attenuating object with reasonable precision. The sub-GHz is shown to be suitable for an implementation. Such a design is more energy efficient than a 2.4 GHz implementation. We adapt, evaluate, and improve the device-free localization method of Wilson and Patwari to indoor environments using the 800/900 MHz band. The advantage of using 800/900 MHz is reduced reflections compared to 2.4 GHz. At the same time, the signal is attenuated less by objects in its path. Thus, the methods of Wilson and Patwari needed to be refined and parameters needed to be adapted. We evaluate some combinations of the most common choices of norms to perform a Tikhonov regularisation. The first difference gradient operator with H1 norm works best. We equipped a 5 m×5 m room with 20 wireless sensor nodes. We evaluated the influence of the distance to walls and the height of nodes. The radio tomographic image are post-processed by filters to make likely positions of objects more apparent. Additional parameters values suggested by Wilson and Patwari could not be used for the new frequency and hardware. For example, the ellipse excess path length has been experimentally determined to be close to 20 cm instead of 2 cm. In our experiments-up, we achieve an a maximum average localisation error below of 78 cm. With this work, we have reproduced the results of Wilson and Patwari, adapted it to a different frequency in the 800/900 MHz band and developed improvements to the original algorithms.
The Large-Signal Behavior of Crossed-Field Traveling-Wave Devices (1957)

A large-signal theory for the interaction between a slow wave and a beam of electrons traveling in crossed dc electric and magnetic fields is formulated. The adiabatic equations of motion are used, space-charge forces are neglected, but phase focusing by the rf field and loss of the beam at the anode and sole plate are taken into account. The limits of validity of the conventional small-signal theory are obtained, and an analog computer is employed to follow the interaction to power saturation. Results are presented for a forward-wave amplifier, backward-wave amplifier, and backward-wave oscillator. It is shown that for very short lengths the backward-wave amplifier may give superior results to the equivalent forward-wave amplifier but that otherwise greater gain and efficiency can be obtained with a forward-wave amplifier. However, it is shown that there is a mode of operation for a backward-wave tube equivalent to an oscillator started by and then locked to the input signal, a condition unlike anything obtained in the equivalent longitudinal twt. Also, it is shown that in a forward-wave or backward-wave tube, the gain is dependent on the input signal and may increase as the input signal level is increased. However, it is apparent that this type of device has inherently a low gain, especially when designed for high efficiency. Consequently, some suggestions which have been made for improving this deficiency are examined.
<title>Portable instrumentation: new weapons in the war against drugs and terrorism</title> (1994)

The FBI Laboratory has been involved in the development of new technology and in the innovative adaptation of existing technology for use in the war on drugs and terrorism. In the last 2 years the Laboratory has introduced 5 new tools into the FBI agent's technological arsenal for use in support of these investigations. The portable, simple-to-operate instrumentation includes a hand-held microwave dielectrometer, portable gas chromatograph, gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, ion mobility spectrometer, and antibody-based field test kits. Real-world application of this new technology included detection of cocaine dissolved in 45 to 36,000 bottles of a beverage and cocaine molded in plastic fittings. Trace physical evidence from explosives can also be detected on hands and surfaces.
The effects of inulin supplementation of diets with or without hydrolysed protein sources on digestibility, faecal characteristics, haematology and immunoglobulins in dogs (2006)

Dogs with food allergy are often treated by giving a diet with hydrolysed protein sources. Prebiotics might also be successful in prevention and treatment of allergic disease through their effect on the colonic microflora, analogous to studies on probiotics in allergic children. The present study was set up to investigate the effect of supplementing inulin (IN) to commercial hypoallergenic dog diets on apparent nutrient digestibility, faecal characteristics, haematology and Ig in dogs. Supplementation of 3 % IN did not affect faecal pH, food and water intake and urine production. Compared with the intact protein diet with a limited number of ingredients (L), the diet with a hydrolysed protein source (H) resulted in an increased water intake (P<0.001), which could be due to the osmotic effect of free amino acids. Faeces production was increased by IN due to increased faecal moisture content. Increased faeces production on the H diet was mainly due to a higher DM excretion. Subsequently, the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of DM was lower in the H diet group. A similar result was noted for ADC of diethyl ether extract and crude ash. The ADC of crude protein was higher in the H diet group, whereas IN decreased the ADC of crude protein. Differences in the ADC of crude protein among the different diets disappeared after correction for a higher faecal biomass, except for the dogs fed the L+IN diet. Total faecal IgA concentrations were lower in the H group (P<0.05) because of lower antigenic stimulation of hydrolysed protein, which implies that hydrolysed protein is really hypoallergenic. The present study indicates that the use of hydrolysed protein diets for canine food allergy treatment can affect digestibility and that combination with IN affected apparent protein digestibility but not IgA response.
Current and future low-k dielectrics for Cu interconnects (2002)

Low-k/Cu integration with low-cost process is a key to future multilevel Cu damascene. This paper describes current status and future direction of low-k dielectrics for Cu interconnects. A novel direct patterning of low-k dielectric films by photochemical reaction is proposed as a future low cost multilevel interconnect technology. It is demonstrated that the smallest feature size of 50 nm damascene lines and via holes can be directly patterned in methylsilsesquiazane low-k dielectric films by electron beam lithography for the first time. In addition, a porous methylsilsesquiazane film is developed and evaluated as a candidate for future ultra-low-k dielectrics.
Comparative Analysis of the CDR Loops of Antigen Receptors (2019)

The adaptive immune system uses two main types of antigen receptors: T-cell receptors (TCRs) and antibodies. While both proteins share a globally similar β-sandwich architecture, TCRs are specialized to recognize peptide antigens in the binding groove of the major histocompatibility complex, while antibodies can bind an almost infinite range of molecules. For both proteins, the main determinants of target recognition are the complementarity-determining region (CDR) loops. Five of the six CDRs adopt a limited number of backbone conformations, known as the "canonical classes"; the remaining CDR (β3in TCRs and H3 in antibodies) is more structurally diverse. In this paper, we first update the definition of canonical forms in TCRs, build an auto-updating sequence-based prediction tool (available at http://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/resources) and demonstrate its application on large scale sequencing studies. Given the global similarity of TCRs and antibodies, we then examine the structural similarity of their CDRs. We find that TCR and antibody CDRs tend to have different length distributions, and where they have similar lengths, they mostly occupy distinct structural spaces. In the rare cases where we found structural similarity, the underlying sequence patterns for the TCR and antibody version are different. Finally, where multiple structures have been solved for the same CDR sequence, the structural variability in TCR loops is higher than that in antibodies, suggesting TCR CDRs are more flexible. These structural differences between TCR and antibody CDRs may be important to their different biological functions.
Isolation of Deoxyribonuclease II of Rat Liver Lysosomes (1972)

Abstract Although deoxyribonuclease II (acid DNase) is a widely distributed lysosomal enzyme, the liver enzyme has not been highly purified or well characterized. A procedure is presented for purifying the rat liver lysosomal enzyme 43,000-fold, employing chromatographic fractionations of an extract made from lysosomes. The purified enzyme is free of all other lysosomal enzymes assayed, including phosphatases, other nucleases, and, especially, phosphodiesterase, which has frequently been reported in DNase preparations.
Chronic ultraviolet radiation modulates epidermal differentiation as it up‐regulates transglutaminase 1 and its substrates (2004)

Chronic UVR stimulates epidermal differentiation as it up-regulates TGase 1 and its substrates. The modified epidermal differentiation is balanced with epidermal hyperplasia, leading to the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis in the UV-irradiated epidermis.
Analysis of Cycles of Dormancy and Growth in Pea Axillary Buds Based on mRNA Accumulation Patterns of Cell Cycle-Related Genes (1998)

Axillary buds of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) do not grow on intact plants. Dormant axillary buds can be stimulated to grow rapidly after decapitation. Here, we isolated cDNAs of PCNA, cyclinB, cyclinD, and cdc2 from pea. The mRNA expression levels of these genes were very low in dormant axillary buds, whereas they remarkably increased after decapitation. Based on the mRNA accumulation patterns of these genes, we found that most cells in dormant axillary buds are arrested at the G1 phase in the cell cycle. There are four buds at the second node on pea seedlings. After decapitation, mRNAs became abundant in the large and small buds and were kept during the following 3 d. After 4 d, mRNAs were still present in the large bud, but not in the small bud. However, after removal of the large bud, the mRNA levels started to increase again in the small bud. These mRNA accumulation patterns were the same as those after the first decapitation. These results suggested that most cells in axillary buds at the second node are arrested at the G1 phase again and have the capacity to undergo multiple cycles of dormancy and growth. Moreover, in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated that PCNA mRNA increased in all parts of the axillary buds after decapitation.
Comparing Linear and Essentially Nonlinear Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting (2010)

This work considers the performance of a resonant vibration-based energy harvesting system utilizing a strongly nonlinear attachment. Typical designs serving as the basis for harvesting energy from ambient vibration typically employ a linear oscillator for this purpose, limiting peak harvesting performance to a narrow band of frequencies about the resonant frequency of the oscillator. Herein, in an effort to maximize performance over the broader band of frequency content typically observed in ambient vibration measurements, we employ an essentially nonlinear cubic oscillator in the harvesting device and show that, with proper design, significant performance gains can be realized as compared with a tuned linear attachment. However, we also show that the coexistence of multiple equilibria due to the nonlinearity can degrade system performance, as the system can be attracted to a low amplitude state that provides reduced harvested power. Finally, when multiple equilibria exist in the system, the basins of attraction for the stable states are determined and related to the expected response of the system.
Absence of Fc epsilonRI alpha chain results in upregulation of Fc gammaRIII-dependent mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis. Evidence of competition between Fc epsilonRI and Fc gammaRIII for limiting amounts of FcR beta and gamma chains. (1997)

In mouse mast cells, both Fc epsilonRI and Fc gammaRIII are alpha beta gamma2 tetrameric complexes in which different alpha chains confer IgE or IgG ligand recognition while the signaling FcR beta and gamma chains are identical. We used primarily noninvasive techniques (changes in body temperature, dye extravasation) to assess systemic anaphylactic responses in nonanesthetized wild-type, Fc epsilonRI alpha chain -/- and FcR gamma chain -/- mice. We confirm that systemic anaphylaxis in mice can be mediated largely through IgG1 and Fc gammaRIII and we provide direct evidence that these responses reflect activation of Fc gammaRIII rather than Fc gammaRI. Furthermore, we show that Fc gammaRIII-dependent responses are more intense in normal than in congenic mast cell-deficient KitW/KitW-v mice, indicating that Fc gammaRIII responses have mast cell-dependent and -independent components. Finally, we demonstrate that the upregulation of cell surface expression of Fc gammaRIII seen in Fc epsilonRI alpha chain -/- mice corresponds to an increased association of Fc gammaRIII alpha chains with FcR beta and gamma chains and is associated with enhanced Fc gammaRIII-dependent mast cell degranulation and systemic anaphylactic responses. Therefore, the phenotype of the Fc epsilonRI alpha chain -/- mice suggests that expression of Fc epsilonRI and Fc gammaRIII is limited by availability of the FcR beta and gamma chains and that, in normal mice, changes in the expression of one receptor (Fc epsilonRI) may influence the expression of functional responses dependent on the other (Fc gammaRIII).
The Hemorrhagic Coli Pilus (HCP) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Is an Inducer of Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2010)

The HcpA pilin monomer of the HCP produced by EHEC O157:H7 is a potent inducer of IL-8 and TNF-alpha release, an event which could play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic colitis caused by this pathogen.
Comparisons of Lesion Volumes and Shapes Produced by a Radiofrequency System with a Cooled, a Protruding, or a Monopolar Probe. (2017)

The results indicate that the lesion produced with a cooled-RF system (17 g, 4 mm tip) is significantly larger than that produced with either of the other systems trialed (18 g or 20 g, 10 mm active tip protruding electrode or 16 g, 18 g, or 20 g monopolar electrode). Interestingly, a 16 g, 10 mm active tip monopolar electrode produced a larger lesion than the one produced with the 18 g protruding electrode. Key words: Radiofrequency, ablation, lesion shape, lesion size, cooled-RF, protruding electrode RF, monopolar RF.
Mechanism of Secondary Emission and Single-Particle Statistics from Low-Density Films of Alkali Halides (1970)

The mechanism of field-enhanced secondary emission has been studied experimentally in detail for KCl low-density transmission dynodes transferred in a dry nitrogen atmosphere. By means of a Kelvin probe located at the center of a collector, dynode surface potentials and their relationship with collector potential, secondary yield, primary energy, and current density have been studied. A unique relationship between yield and surface potential has been found, independent of all other parameters for current densities between 1 and 10 nA/cm2. This study clearly shows that an avalanche process, together with an increase in escape length, is responsible for the high yields obtainable. A study of transient effects reveals that the high surface potential needed for high yield decays rapidly after the primary beam is turned off. A smaller surface potential, with a long decay time constant, can be expected to provide slight field enhancement for single particle bombardment at low rates. The statistical distributions of the number of emitted secondary electrons per primary incident at high (1-MeV) and low (9.5-keV) energies have been measured for low-density films of CsI and KCl at low count rates. The results do not differ very much from those obtained previously from normal density films except that the yields are somewhat higher, particularly after the film has been charged with a dense primary beam. The distributions obtained are non-Poissonian in nature (more nearly exponential), and this is explained by their similarity to normal density films.
Advanced General Aviation Turbine Engine (GATE) study (1979)

The small engine technology requirements suitable for general aviation service in the 1987 to 1988 time frame were defined. The market analysis showed potential United States engines sales of 31,500 per year providing that the turbine engine sales price approaches current reciprocating engine prices. An optimum engine design was prepared for four categories of fixed wing aircraft and for rotary wing applications. A common core approach was derived from the optimum engines that maximizes engine commonality over the power spectrum with a projected price competitive with reciprocating piston engines. The advanced technology features reduced engine cost, approximately 50 percent compared with current technology.
A Smart-Phone Indoor/Outdoor Localization System (2011)

Abstract—This paper depicts the operation of an integrated system designed for both outdoor and indoor localization, with special emphasis on the latter. It is demonstrated how three different methods of localization can be combined, based on WiFi access points and mobile cells. Not only there is no need to know the exact location of the access points to start using the system, but it also self-improves its own accuracy over time. The application developed to implement this method works on Android OS running devices and it is publicly available for download with the name “Locate Me”.
The Photolysis of Acetone in Presence of Hydrogen (1938)

The photodecomposition of acetone in presence and absence of hydrogen with light of wave-length &gt;2500A has been studied at temperatures from 70 to 300°C. Up to 160°C acetone alone yields negligible amounts of methane and ethane is the hydrocarbon predominantly produced. The proportion of methane increases rapidly with temperature, the activation energy of its formation in acetone being 8.6 kcal. In presence of hydrogen methane formation is negligible at 70°C, is marked at 160°C and increases rapidly with temperature with an activation energy of this increase equal to 6.4 kcal. At 300°C it represents 75 percent of the ethane-methane product, which shows that photodissociation to methyl radicals is the major, if not exclusive primary process. Analysis of the data indicates that ethane formation is either a wall reaction with zero activation energy or a bimolecular association process of small activation energy. A decrease in ethane formation with increase of temperature is ascribed to a decrease in the stationary state concentration of methyl radicals. An activation energy of the reaction CH3+H2=CH4+H equal to 11±2 kcal. has been deduced. A mechanism to account for quantum yields less than unity in the low temperature range, consistent with primary dissociation into radicals, has been suggested.
The expression of heterologous MAM-7 in Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces its intrinsic capacity to inhibit colonization of pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus in vitro (2016)

MAM-7 expression in lactobacilli reduces the intrinsic inhibitory capacity of L. rhamnosus against V. parahaemolyticus.
Broadband wavelength-selective reflectance and selective polarization by a tip-bent vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube forest (2014)

The tunable optical properties of the bulk structure of carbon nanotubes (CNT) were recently revealed as a perfect black body material, optically reflective mirror and solar absorber. The present study demonstrates an enhanced optical reflectance of up to ∼15% over a broad wavelength range in the near infrared region followed by a mechanical modification of the surface of a bulk CNT structure, which can be accounted for due to the grating-like surface abnormalities. In response to the specific arrangement of the so-formed bent tips of the CNT, a selective reflectance is achieved and results in reflecting only a dominant component of the polarized light, which has not been realized so far. Modulation of this selective-optical reflectance can be achieved by controlling the degree of tip bending of the nanotubes, thus opening up avenues for the construction of novel dynamic light polarizers and absorbers.