gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper Ions Promote Peroxidation of Low Density Lipoprotein Lipid by Binding to Histidine Residues of Apolipoprotein B100, But They Are Reduced at Other Sites on LDL (1997)

Oxidized LDL is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A widely studied model for oxidation of the lipid in LDL involves Cu2+. Recent studies suggest that Cu2+ may be reduced to Cu1+ by alpha-tocopherol to initiate LDL lipid peroxidation. LDL demonstrates binding sites for Cu2-, but the nature of these binding sites, as well their role in promoting Cu2+ reduction and lipid peroxidation, has not been established. In the current studies, we used diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) to modify the histidine residues of apolipoprotein B100, the major protein in LDL. First, we demonstrated that histidine residues were preferentially modified by DEPC under our experimental conditions. Then we monitored the kinetics of Cu(2+)-promoted oxidation of LDL and DEPC-modified LDL. In both cases, the progress curve of lipid peroxidation exhibited a lag phase and a propagation phase. However, when LDL was modified with DEPC, the length of the lag phase was prolonged whereas the rate of lipid peroxidation during the propagation phase was lower. Studies with LDL oxidized by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride and phosphatidylcholine liposomes oxidized with hydroxyl radical established that DEPC was not acting simply as a nonspecific inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. DEPC treatment of LDL almost completely inhibited its ability to bind Cu2+. These observations suggest that peroxidation of the lipids in LDL can proceed with normal kinetics only when Cu2+ binds preferentially to sites on apolipoprotein B100 that contain histidine residues. We also compared the kinetics of Cu2+ reduction in the absence and presence of DEPC. There was no effect of DEPC modification on either the rate or extent of Cu2+ reduction by LDL. Therefore LDL is likely to contain a second class of binding sites for Cu2+ that does not involve histidine residues. Thus, LDL appears to contain at least two classes of Cu(2+)-binding sites: histidine containing sites, which are responsible in part for promoting lipid peroxidation during the propagation phase, and sites at which Cu2+ is reduced without binding to histidine.
Photocatalytic degradation of 1,4-benzoquinone in aqueous ZnO dispersions (2012)

The present paper reports the UV-assisted degradation of 1,4-benzoquinone in ZnO suspensions. The variables studied include the concentration of 1,4-benzoquinone, photocatalyst, pH and the total organic carbon. The concentration of 1,4-benzoquinone and residue organic carbon were measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometer and TOC analyzer, respectively. The results showed that 1,4-benzoquinone photodegradation was independent of pH. The photoactivity of ZnO was maximum at 1.0 g L-1 concentration and at 100 mg L-1 1,4-benzoquinone levels. Within pH 4-10 more than 80% of 1,4-benzoquinone can be removed. ZnO has demonstrated reusability in the process.
PLASMA VOLUME IN NORMAL FIRST PREGNANCY (1973)

Summary Serial measurements of plasma volume were made in 56 normal, healthy primigravidae at 12, 16, 20, 25, 30, 34 and 38 weeks' gestation using the Evans Blue (T‐1824) dye dilution technique with the women lying on their sides. Measurements were also made on 19 of these patients six weeks post partum. There was a progressive plasma volume expansion to a maximum between 30 to 34 weeks, with a terminal plateau. The expansion between the mean non‐pregnant volume and the mean maximum measured volume during pregnancy was 1246 ml. There was a significant relationship between plasma volume at 38 weeks' gestation and the birthweight of the baby.
Evidence for a genetic association between monoamine oxidase A and restless legs syndrome (2002)

The high activity allele of the MAOA gene may represent a modifying factor involved in the severity of RLS manifestations in females.
The selective disruption of spatial working memory by eye movements (2005)

In the late 1970s/early 1980s, Baddeley and colleagues conducted a series of experiments investigating the role of eye movements in visual working memory. Although only described briefly in a book, these studies have influenced a remarkable number of empirical and theoretical developments in fields ranging from experimental psychology to human neuropsychology to nonhuman primate electrophysiology. This paper presents, in full detail, three critical studies from this series, together with a recently performed study that includes a level of eye movement measurement and control that was not available for the older studies. Together, the results demonstrate several facts about the sensitivity of visuospatial working memory to eye movements. First, it is eye movement control, not movement per se, that produces the disruptive effects. Second, these effects are limited to working memory for locations and do not generalize to visual working memory for shapes. Third, they can be isolated to the storage/maintenance components of working memory (e.g., to the delay period of the delayed-recognition task). These facts have important implications for models of visual working memory.
NMR Structure of the S-Linked Glycopeptide Sublancin 168 (2014)

Sublancin 168 is a member of a small group of glycosylated antimicrobial peptides known as glycocins. The solution structure of sublancin 168, a 37-amino-acid peptide produced by Bacillus subtilis 168, has been solved by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Sublancin comprises two α-helices and a well-defined interhelical loop. The two helices span residues 6-16 and 26-35, and the loop region encompasses residues 17-25. The 9-amino-acid loop region contains a β-S-linked glucose moiety attached to Cys22. Hydrophobic interactions as well as hydrogen bonding are responsible for the well-structured loop region. The three-dimensional structure provides an explanation for the previously reported extraordinary high stability of sublancin 168.
Sales pipeline win propensity prediction: A regression approach (2015)

Sales pipeline analysis is fundamental to proactive management of an enterprize's sales pipeline and critical for business success. In particular, win propensity prediction, which involves quantitatively estimating the likelihood that on-going sales opportunities will be won within a specified time window, is a fundamental building block for sales management and lays the foundation for many applications such as resource optimization and sales gap analysis. With the proliferation of big data, the use of data-driven predictive models as a means to drive better sales performance is increasingly widespread, both in business-to-client (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) markets. However, the relatively small number of B2B transactions (compared with the volume of B2C transactions), noisy data, and the fast-changing market environment pose challenges to effective predictive modeling. This paper proposes a machine learning-based unified framework for sales opportunity win propensity prediction, aimed at addressing these challenges. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed system using data from a top-500 enterprize in the business-to-business market.
A simple algorithm for calculating frequency-dependent inductance bounds (2002)

Frequency dependent inductance effects are becoming more evident for high-performance electronic packaging and IC design. This paper proposes a simple algorithm for generating upper and lower bounds on inductance, including frequency dependencies. These bounds can be applied for fast calculation of worst case inductance, or for quick screening to evaluate the impact of inductance over the frequency range of interest.
Face Recognition Techniques (2008)

Abstract Biometrics is becoming a buzz word because of the increasing demand for user‐friendly systems that provide both secure and efficient services. At present, one needs to remember numbers and/or carry identifications (ID) all the time, for example, a badge ID entering an office building, a password for computer or ATM access, and a photo‐ ID as wall as an airline ticket for air travel. Although very reliable methods of biometric personal identification exist (e.g., fingerprint analysis and iris scans), these methods rely on the cooperation of the participants, whereas a personal identification system based on the analysis of frontal or profile images of the face is often effective without the participant's cooperation or knowledge. Face recognition is a fascinating research topic. On one hand, many algorithms and systems have reached a certain level of maturity after 35 years of research. For example, face detection technology has been used in digital cameras for automatic focus/exposure. On the other hand, the success of these systems is limited by the conditions imposed by many real applications. The focus of current face recognition research is to investigate various techniques to improve the robustness of existing face recognition systems while the ultimate goal is to build machine systems that are close to or even better than the human perception system.
Heating and cooling load prediction using a neural network system (2005)

Many models have been proposed to identify and predict system behavior, but the modeling is generally difficult, especially in the case that the system is complex and has the characteristics of nonlinearity. An artificial neural network has the capability of learning the system behavior, so the authors applied it to heating and cooling load prediction. Kohonen's feature map was chosen as a network model, and the extended learning vector quantization (LVQ) which realizes an associative memory was adopted as a learning algorithm. The predictive results were good, and the authors were able to confirm the feasibility of the model in the field of load prediction.
ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS FOR EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The introduction of Electronic Controls on engines in the late 1970's brought about many changes in the auto industry. One major change was the inclusion of a sophisticated diagnostic system, resident in the controller that allowed it to monitor itself and the system it controls. General Motors introduced On-Board Diagnostics on all of its closed-loop fuel control systems in 1980 and has continued to enhance and refine the diagnostic system each succeeding year. This paper presents a brief history of On-Board Diagnostics, the strategy behind the diagnostics and the benefits of diagnostics to maintaining control of vehicle emissions and aiding in the service process.</div>
Adaptive Online Learning of Bayesian Network Parameters (2001)

The paper introduces Voting EM, an adaptive online learning algorithm of Bayesian network parameters. Voting EM is an extension of the EM( ) algorithm suggested by [1]. We show convergence properties of the Voting EM that uses a constant learning rate. We use the convergence properties to formulate an error driven scheme for adapting the learning rate. The resultant algorithm converges with the optimal rate of near a maximum while retaining the ability to increase the learning rate in the vicinity of a local maximum or due to changes in the modelled environment.
Use of ristocetin cofactor activity in the management of von Willebrand disease (2001)

von Willebrand disease (vWD), the most common of the hereditary bleeding disorders, arises from quantitative or qualitative defects in von Willebrand factor (vWF). vWF is a multimeric plasma protein that plays a key role in primary and secondary haemostasis. In the current classification scheme, vWD is divided into six subtypes that are based on the nature of the vWF defect. Therapeutic strategies depend on the accurate identification of these subtypes. In most clinical situations, desmopressin is effective treatment for the great majority of patients with mild (type 1) disease, while replacement therapy with factor VIII/vWF concentrates that contain high levels of vWF activity is required for most type 2 and nearly all type 3 vWD patients. Several factor VIII/vWF replacement products are available, one of which (Humate P) has been approved for the treatment of vWD by the US Food and Drug Administration. Preliminary results of recent studies support the hypothesis that treatment with factor VIII/vWF concentrates based upon the content of vWF activity as reflected in the ristocetin cofactor assay is practicable, safe and efficacious. The establishment of optimal treatment regimens with respect to dose intensity and duration will require further study.
An automated cloud screening algorithm for daytime advanced very high resolution radiometer imagery (1990)

Valid estimates of sea surface temperature (SST) from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) are critically dependent upon the identification and removal of clouds from parent images. Previous cloud‐screening algorithms have demonstrated varying degrees of success, the effectiveness of the particular method used being critically dependent upon cloud type. Contamination from cirrus clouds, for example, has been a major deficiency in previous methods. A robust new algorithm for cloud masking has now been developed which is very effective at removing cloud contamination from images regardless of cloud type. The method, which evaluates every pixel in the image, is statistically reproducible, computationally efficient, and requires no subjective inputs or knowledge of cloud type. The results also show that the algorithm is not regionally specific. The basis for this new method is presented and applications to global AVHRR data, including comparisons with previously used methods, are shown.
Steady-state and time-resolved Thioflavin-T fluorescence can report on morphological differences in amyloid fibrils formed by Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) (2015)

Thioflavin-T (ThT) is one of the most commonly used dyes for amyloid detection, but the origin of its fluorescence enhancement is not fully understood. Herein we have characterised the ThT fluorescence response upon binding to the Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) variants of the Alzheimer's-related peptide amyloid-β, in order to explore how the photophysical properties of this dye relates to structural and morphological properties of two amyloid fibril types formed by peptides with a high degree of sequence homology. We show that the steady-state ThT fluorescence is 1.7 times more intense with Aβ(1-40) compared to Aβ(1-42) fibrils in concentration matched samples prepared under quiescent conditions. By measuring the excited state lifetime of bound ThT, we also demonstrate a distinct difference between the two fibril isoforms, with Aβ(1-42) fibrils producing a longer ThT fluorescence lifetime compared to Aβ(1-40). The substantial steady-state intensity difference is therefore not explained by differences in fluorescence quantum yield. Further, we find that the ThT fluorescence intensity, but not the fluorescence lifetime, is dependent on the fibril preparation method (quiescent versus agitated conditions). We therefore propose that the fluorescence lifetime is inherent to each isoform and sensitively reports on fibril microstructure in the protofilament whereas the total fluorescence intensity relates to the amount of exposed β-sheet in the mature Aβ fibrils and hence to differences in their morphology. Our results highlight the complexity of ThT fluorescence, and demonstrate its extended use in amyloid fibril characterisation.
New bilateral zero voltage switching AC/AC converter using high frequency partial-resonant link (2002)

A zero-voltage switching partial-resonant link AC/AC converter which overcomes the shortcomings of conventional resonant AC and DC link schemes and consists of only 12 unidirectional switches is proposed. The converter synthesizes output AC waveforms with integrals of high-frequency current pulses like series-resonant converters, but switching operations occur at zero-voltage instants instead of at zero-current instants. The partial-resonant link normally does not resonate during the entire operation interval but does so only for the duration of switching transients. The converter can easily and exactly control individual current-pulse amplitudes in each switching cycle. Symmetrical configuration of the power scheme provides fully regenerative operation with buck-boost capability. The advantages of the scheme are shown through analyses and simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Distributed Power System Virtual Inertia Implemented by Grid-Connected Power Converters (2017)

Renewable energy sources (RESs), e.g., wind and solar photovoltaics, have been increasingly used to meet worldwide growing energy demands and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, RESs are normally coupled to the power grid through fast-response power converters without any inertia, leading to decreased power system inertia. As a result, the grid frequency may easily go beyond the acceptable range under severe frequency events, resulting in undesirable load-shedding, cascading failures, or even large-scale blackouts. To address the ever-decreasing inertia issue, this paper proposes the concept of distributed power system virtual inertia, which can be implemented by grid-connected power converters. Without modifications of system hardware, power system inertia can be emulated by the energy stored in the dc-link capacitors of grid-connected power converters. By regulating the dc-link voltages in proportional to the grid frequency, the dc-link capacitors are aggregated into an extremely large equivalent capacitor serving as an energy buffer for frequency support. Furthermore, the limitation of virtual inertia, together with its design parameters, is identified. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed concept is validated through simulation and experimental results, which indicate that 12.5% and 50% improvements of the frequency nadir and rate of change of frequency can be achieved.
DMF-Catalysed Thermal Dehydration of Aldoximes: A Convenient Access to Functionalized Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitriles (2007)

N,N-Dimethylformamide was found to act as solvent and catalyst in the dehydration of aldoximes to nitriles. The reaction ­required heating at 135 °C and yields of nitriles were moderate to good. (Benzylideneaminooxy)formaldehyde was detected as an ­intermediate in one of the reactions.
Analog circuits placement: a constraint driven methodology (1996)

This paper presents a new deterministic, relaxation based, placement methodology for analog circuits which takes into account electrical and topological constraints. The methodology is based on a three-steps process: initial constraints driven placement through convex optimisation, mechanical-like relaxation and compression. Experimental results are reported.
[A measure of birth intervals from the National Household Survey in Japan]. (1986)

Recently, increasing emphasis has been placed on the use of fertility indices based on birth intervals in order to project population growth. In order to verify this, the indices were used to make projections based upon national survey data, which were then compared with the actual statistics. Fertility indices such as birth rate and birth probability by mothers' age group, childrens' birth order, and childrens' birth intervals were defined and their formulas given. Using the 1983 Ministry of Health and Welfare administrative survey in which about 90,000 households with a total of 280,000 persons were randomly selected, the accuracy of projections based upon of fertility indices is examined. The error found between the predicted and actual distribution of childrens' ages is at most 3%, for children over the age of 2. By the time women reach the age of 34, the predicted parity rate is also quite close to the actual statistic. There is a correlation between predicted birth intervals based upon birth order and the data shown in both the 1960-64 and 1964-69 fertility surveys. The projection technique is outlined using a 30 year old mother with a 1st child 5 years old as an example. It is noted that the cumulative birth rate for the 1970s decreased from 2.2 to 1.8, ostensibly due to later marriage ages. To verify this, the change of birth intervals was analyzed using the Rodriguez-Hobcraft indices. Throughout the period, those indices did not show significant change, showing little relationship between later marriage and the lower birth rate.
Effects of SEM Preparation Techniques on the Appearance of Bacteria and Biofilms in the Carter Sandstone (2004)

Abstract When biofilms (aggregations of bacteria and extracellular polymer secretions) in samples from the Carter Sandstone of Alabama were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using different dehydration techniques, the organic material had visibly different textures and distributions. In order to assess whether the variation was attributable to sample preparation or to inherent biofilm heterogeneity, each of five techniques were tested 3 to 10 times on small (1 cm) pieces of the Carter Sandstone containing either a strain of bacteria cultured from and reintroduced into the rock, or an in situ biofilm grown by injection of nutrients through core samples. The techniques tested were (1) air drying alone; (2) fixation in 10% glutaraldehyde with air drying; (3) ethanol dehydration with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) drying [2.5% glutaraldehyde, ethanol dehydration, and HMDS]; (4) ethanol dehydration with critical-point drying; and (5) ethanol and acetone dehydration with critical-point drying. Unpreserved control samples were either imaged wet in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) or vacuum-dried for SEM. Observations were based on SEM microscopy of over 60 samples and study of over 150 photomicrographs. In both experiments, the original morphology of individual bacteria was best preserved by ethanol dehydration with HMDS drying, ethanol dehydration with critical-point drying, or ethanol-acetone dehydration with critical-point drying. Critical-point drying preserved bacteria but stripped away mucilaginous material, revealing filamentous structures within the biofilm. These filaments, along with masses of microspheres (nannobacteria?) and the smooth mucilaginous outer layer, also occur in wet samples studied by ESEM, and are, therefore, not dehydration artifacts. However, different sample preparation techniques accentuated different components of the heterogeneous biofilm, thus resulting in vastly different textures. The cultured bacteria produced a biofilm that had a different surface texture and was more susceptible to sample preparation artifacts than the in situ biofilm. Use of more than one sample preparation technique is recommended in order to avoid bias.
Role of Solitons in Nearly Metallic Polyacetylene (1983)

A correlated study of the structural, optical, magnetic, and transport properties of polyacetylene, doped with iodine to nearly the metallic doping levels, shows that essentially all charges go into solitonlike states. The measurements are in quantitative agreement with charge transport via variable-range hopping among solitonlike levels.
Micro-Actuators:  When Artificial Muscles Made of Nematic Liquid Crystal Elastomers Meet Soft Lithography (2006)

The production, via soft lithography, of micron-sized thermoresponsive pillars made of side-on nematic LCE leads to the formation of surface-responsive structures. The individual, monodisperse pillars, when cut out from the surface, behave as micro-actuators, showing contraction of around 35% at the nematic to isotropic phase transition.