gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular Protective Effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and their Relation to Clinical Events (2001)

Endothelial cells are a rich source of a variety of vasoactive substances, which either cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction. Important endothelium-derived vasodilators are prostacyclin, bradykinin, nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. In particular, nitric oxide inhibits cellular growth and migration. In concert with prostacyclin. nitric oxide exerts potent anti-atherogenic and thromboresistant properties by preventing platelet aggregation and cell adhesion. Endothelium-derived contracting factors include the 21 amino acid peptide endothelin (ET). vasoconstrictor prostanoids such as thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin H2, as well as free radicals and components of the renin angiotensin system. In hypertension, elevated blood pressure transmits into cardiovascular disease by causing endothelial dysfunction. Hence, modem therapeutic strategies in human hypertension focus on preserving or restoring endothelial integrity. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a primary candidate for that concept as they inhibit the circulating and local renin angiotensin system. Angiotensin converting enzyme is an endothelial enzyme which converts angiotensin-I (A-I) into angiotensin-II (A-II). This effect of the ACE inhibitor prevents direct effects of angiotensin-II such as vasoconstriction and proliferation in the vessel wall but also prevents activation of the ET system and of plasminogen activator inhibitor. Furthermore, inhibition of ACE prolongs the half-life of bradykinin and stabilizes bradykinin receptors linked to the formation of nitric oxide and prostacyclin. In isolated arteries ACE inhibitors prevent the contractions induced by angiotensin II and enhance relaxation induced by bradykinin. Chronic treatment of experimental hypertension with ACE inhibitors normalizes endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine and other agonists. In addition, the dilator effects of exogenous nitric oxide donors are enhanced, at least in certain models of hypertension. In humans with essential hypertension ACE inhibitors augment endothelium-dependent relaxation to bradykinin, while those to acetylcholine remain unaffected, at least in the time frame of the published studies, i.e. 3-6 months. In patients with coronary artery disease, however, paradoxical vasoconstriction to acetylcholine is markedly reduced after 6 months of ACE inhibition. After myocardial infarction ACE inhibitors reduce the development of overt heart failure, the occurrence of reinfarction and cardiovascular death in hypertensive patients. These effects have also been demonstrated in a subgroup analysis of the SOLVD (Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction) trial. Thus, in summary, ACE inhibitors are an important class of drugs providing cardiovascular protection in patients with increased cardiovascular risk.
A Comparison of Three Infiltration Models (1982)

ABSTRACT THREE physically based infiltration models are com-pared both in terms of theoretical development and performance. The models are an unmodified Green-Ampt-Mein-Larson (GAML-UNMOD) model, a similar model which was modified to account for entrapped air (GAML-ETA model) and a model which considers both air entrapment and air resistance effects (GAML-ART model). The GAML-UNMOD model is conceptually the simplest model but in all cases, this model failed to do a reasonable job of predicting time to surface ponding. This failure appears to be due primarily to use of un-modified saturated hydraulic conductivity values. The GAML-ETA model did a better job of predicting time to ponding on dry soils but greatly over-predicted infiltra-tion on wetter soils. The GAML-ART model did the best overall job of predicting infiltration but did tend to over-predict on wet soils. This over-prediction by all models on the wetter soils may be due in part to partial surface sealing during preceding dry runs.
Biological Aspects as a Rule for Single Implant Placement. The 3A‐2B Rule: A Clinical Report (2013)

For an implant restoration to be both esthetically and functionally successful, the prosthodontist must conduct a thorough treatment plan and complete a prosthesis design. The prosthodontist must carefully calculate the space needed for the restoration and soft tissue in the restoration process. The restoration and soft tissue are affected by the three-dimensional (3D) position of the implant, as the implant's depth determines the ideal length of the crown. When determining the 3D position of the implant, the clinician must consider the biological aspects required to ensure the restoration's biological integration with the patient's hard and soft tissues. The restoration must be the first component considered in the treatment plan. In addition, the clinician must understand that the distance between the cervical contour (of the planned restoration) and the level of the bone will dictate how the surgical and prosthetic treatment plan is enacted. In this report, a novel Radiographic Biological Ruler© (with biological information) was used to help facilitate the treatment plan's analysis.
Elastic Averaging in Flexure Mechanisms: A Muliti-Beam Parallelogram Flexure Case-Study (2006)

Over-constraint is an important concern in mechanism design because it can lead to a loss in desired mobility. In distributed-compliance flexure mechanisms, this problem is alleviated due to the phenomenon of elastic averaging, thus enabling performance-enhancing geometric arrangements that are otherwise unrealizable. The principle of elastic averaging is illustrated in this paper by means of a multi-beam parallelogram flexure mechanism. In a lumped-compliance configuration, this mechanism is prone to over-constraint in the presence of nominal manufacturing and assembly errors. However, with an increasing degree of distributed-compliance, the mechanism is shown to become more tolerant to such geometric imperfections. The nonlinear load-stiffening and elasto-kinematic effects in the constituent beams have an important role to play in the over-constraint and elastic averaging characteristics of this mechanism. Therefore, a parametric model that incorporates these nonlinearities is utilized in predicting the influence of a representative geometric imperfection on the primary motion stiffness of the mechanism. The proposed model utilizes a beam generalization so that varying degrees of distributed compliance are captured using a single geometric parameter.
ISAR - radar imaging of targets with complicated motion (2005)

ISAR imaging is described for general motion of a radar target. ISAR imaging may be seen as a 3D to 2D projection, and the importance of the ISAR image projection plane is stated. For general motion, ISAR images are often smeared when using FFT processing. Time frequency methods are used to analyze such images, and to form sharp images. A given smeared image is shown to be the result of changes both in scale and in the projection plane orientation.
Enhanced Light Out-Coupling Efficiency of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Self-Organized Microlens Arrays (2006)

A method for enhancing the light out-coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by incorporating microlens arrays (MLAs) is demonstrated. MLAs made of prepolymer NOA65 were fabricated on a substrate prepatterned by the microcontact printing of hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Owing to the hydrophobic effect, the lens material was self-organized on the hydrophilic regions. After assembling the MLA onto an OLED, the optical measurement showed that the light out-coupling efficiency of the OLED with MLAs is increased without any apparent color shift.
A review of the main inverter topologies applied on the integration of renewable energy resources to the grid (2011)

This paper describes the main inverter topologies intended to connect the renewable energy resources to the grid utility. It shows the circuit configuration of the fullbridge three-phase inverter, flyback inverter, Z-Source inverter and neutral point clamped inverter, and it also discusses their advantages and disadvantages for each application. At last, a list of non-common topologies that handle specific issues of renewable resources is presented.
Single‐axon tracing study of corticostriatal projections arising from primary motor cortex in primates (2006)

The axonal projections arising from the forelimb area of the primary motor cortex (M1) in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were studied following microiontophoretic injections of biotinylated dextran amine under electrophysiological guidance. The microinjections were centered on layer V, and 42 anterogradely labeled corticofugal axons were reconstructed from serial frontal or sagittal sections with a camera lucida. Our investigation shows that the primate striatum receives both direct and indirect projections from M1. The direct corticostriatal projection is formed by axons that remain uniformly thin and unbranched throughout their sinuous trajectory to the ipsilateral striatum. They divide as they enter the dorsolateral sector of the post-commissural putamen, the so-called sensorimotor striatal territory. The indirect corticostriatal projection derives from a thin collateral emitted within the corona radiata by thick, long-range fibers that descend toward the brainstem. The collateral enters the putamen dorsomedially and remains unbranched until it reaches the dorsolateral sector of the putamen, where it breaks out into two to four axonal branches displaying small and equally spaced varicosities. Both direct and indirect corticostriatal axons branch moderately but occupy vast rostrocaudal striatal territories, where they appear to contact en passant several widely distributed striatal neurons. These findings reveal that, in contrast to current beliefs, the primate motor corticostriatal system is not exclusively formed by axons dedicated solely to the striatum. It also comprises collaterals from long-range corticofugal axons, which can thus provide to the striatum a copy of the neural information that is being conveyed to the brainstem and/or spinal cord.
The Chemistry of the Diaryl Ethers. (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of the Diaryl Ethers.Herbert E. UngnadeCite this: Chem. Rev. 1946, 38, 3, 405–446Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60121a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60121a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views711Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Organization of Nerve Fiber Bundles in the Primate Optic Nerve Head (1980)

Horseradish peroxidase was injected into various areas of the optic disc of monkeys to label retrograde axoplasmic transport and permit identification and mapping of ganglion cells projecting through the areas of injection. Peripheral ganglion cell axons project through the deeper layers of the peripapillary nerve fiber layer (NFL) and enter the peripheral optic nerve. Peripapillary ganglion cell axons project through those coming from peripheral locations to superficial positions in the NFL, then to the central optic nerve. The Bjerrum portion of the optic nerve head includes approximately the central 30 degrees of the superior and inferior temporal quadrants of the disc. The course of nerve fiber bundles corresponding to those most susceptible to glaucoma (Bjerrum area) is regularly and predictably organized horizontally and vertically in the nerve head.
Antiviral Drug Discovery Targeting to Viral Proteases (2006)

Proteases fulfill multiple roles in health and disease, and considerable interest has been expressed in the design and development of synthetic inhibitors of disease-related proteases. Virus-encoded proteases have been shown to be involved in the replication of many viruses. The success of anti-HIV-1 therapy using specific and potent protease inhibitors suggests that viral proteases can be the valid molecular targets for the development of antiviral drugs against other viruses. Intensive genetic and biochemical studies have been conducted on viral proteases and new insights and results are rapidly emerging. This work reviews features of viral proteases with respective to the development of effective antiviral therapy.
Atomic-Layer-Deposition Oxide Nanoglue for Sodium Ion Batteries (2013)

Atomic-layer-deposition (ALD) coatings have been increasingly used to improve battery performance. However, the electrochemical and mechanistic roles remain largely unclear, especially for ALD coatings on electrodes that undergo significant volume changes (up to 100%) during charging/discharging. Here we investigate an anode consisting of tin nanoparticles (SnNPs) with an ALD-Al2O3 coating. For the first time, in situ transmission electron microscopy unveiled the dynamic mechanical protection of the ALD-Al2O3 coating by coherently deforming with the SnNPs under the huge volume changes during charging/discharging. Battery tests in coin-cells further showed the ALD-Al2O3 coating remarkably boosts the cycling performance of the Sn anodes, comparing with those made of bare SnNPs. Chemomechanical simulations clearly revealed that a bare SnNP debonds and falls off the underlying substrate upon charging, and by contrast the ALD-Al2O3 coating, like ion-conductive nanoglue, robustly anchors the SnNP anode to the substrate during charging/discharging, a key to improving battery cycle performance.
Reversible Voltage-Induced Assembly of Au Nanoparticles at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces (2003)

The voltage-induced assembly of mercaptosuccinic acid-stabilized Au nanoparticles of 1.5 +/- 0.4 nm diameter is investigated at the polarizable water/1,2-dichloroethane interface. Admittance measurements and quasi-elastic laser scattering (QELS) studies reveal that the surface concentration of the nanoparticle at the liquid/liquid boundary is reversibly controlled by the applied bias potential. The electrochemical and optical measurements provide no evidence of irreversible aggregation or deposition of the particles at the interface. Analysis of the electrocapillary curves constructed from the dependence of the frequency of the capillary waves on the applied potential and bulk particle concentration indicates that the maximum particle surface density is 3.8 x 10(13) cm(-2), which corresponds to 67% of a square closed-pack arrangement. This system provides a unique example of reversible assembly of nanostructures at interfaces, in which the density can be effectively tuned by the applied potential bias.
Synthesis of QS-21-Based Immunoadjuvants (2013)

Three structurally defined QS-21-based immune adjuvant candidates (2a-2c) have been synthesized. Application of the two-stage activation glycosylation approach utilizing allyl glycoside building blocks improved the synthetic accessibility of the new adjuvants. The efficient synthesis and establishment of the stand-alone adjuvanticity of the examined synthetic adjuvant (2b) open the door to the pursuit of a new series of structurally defined QS-saponin-based synthetic adjuvants.
A poly-p-nitrostyrene on platinum electrode. Polymer charging kinetics and electrocatalysis of organic dihalide reductions (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA poly-p-nitrostyrene on platinum electrode. Polymer charging kinetics and electrocatalysis of organic dihalide reductionsJohn B. Kerr, Larry L. Miller, and Michael R. Van de MarkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 10, 3383–3390Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00530a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00530a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
TLR3 Regulated Poly I:C-Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Acute Lung Injury Partly Through p38 MAP Kinase (2018)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been well documented in the ALI model of bacterial infection. In the present study, we demonstrated that poly I:C could induce pulmonary NETs. Upon poly I:C intratracheal inoculation, neutrophil infiltration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly increased. Furthermore, the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung were also significantly elevated. Neutrophil depletion abolished NETs and decreased both neutrophil infiltration and IL-1β in the lung. As expected, DNase I, an inhibitor of MPO and NADPH, decreased pulmonary inflammation and NETs. Blocking of the poly I:C receptor TLR3 reduced lung inflammation and NETs. The MAPK kinase inhibitor p38 diminished the formation of NETs and restored the expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5 in the mouse lung when challenged with poly I:C. In summary, poly I:C induced the formation of pulmonary NETs and ALI, which may be associated with the activation of p38 MAPK and the decreased expression of claudin-5.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (2009)

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease, even at the earliest stages, and have important consequences for quality of life and daily functioning, are associated with increased carer burden and increased risk for nursing home admission. In addition to cognitive impairment, a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms have been reported. In this article, the epidemiology, clinical course, diagnosis, and management of some of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD are discussed: depression, anxiety, apathy, fatigue, and psychotic symptoms. Although much is known regarding the prevalence and course of these symptoms, the empirical evidence for how to manage these symptoms is limited at best. There is thus an urgent need for systematic studies for the pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of these symptoms.
Diffusion of CO<sub>2</sub> in Large Crystals of Cu-BTC MOF (2016)

Carbon dioxide adsorption in metal-organic frameworks has been widely studied for applications in carbon capture and sequestration. A critical component that has been largely overlooked is the measurement of diffusion rates. This paper describes a new reproducible procedure to synthesize millimeter-scale Cu-BTC single crystals using concentrated reactants and an acetic acid modulator. Microscopic images, X-ray diffraction patterns, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas, and thermogravimetric analysis results all confirm the high quality of these Cu-BTC single crystals. The large crystal size aids in the accurate measurement of micropore diffusion coefficients. Concentration-swing frequency response performed at varying gas-phase concentrations gives diffusion coefficients that show very little dependence on the loading up to pressures of 0.1 bar. The measured micropore diffusion coefficient for CO2 in Cu-BTC is 1.7 × 10(-9) m(2)/s.
Immunological Functions of the Mammary Gland and Its Secretion-Comparative Review (1980)

The mammary gland performs vitally important immunological roles, both in providing passive immune protection to the suckling infant and in immunological defence of its own tissues against infection with microorganisms. These immunological functions differ greatly between species of mammals in both nature and magnitude. In ungulates the mammary gland is singularly responsible for transfer of immunoglobulin (IgG) from mother to young. This process is dependent on a highly selective mechanism which results in the transport of blood-borne IgG molecules across secretory epithelial cells of the colostrum-forming mammary gland and into secretion. Upon ingestion of colostrum by the young ungulate this immunoglobulin is absorbed across the wall of the small intestine and thence into the bloodstream. In other species, including rodents and primates, there is a well-developed local IgA system operating in the mammary gland. In this situation, plasma cells located near the basal membranes of secretory epithelial cells secrete IgA which passes through the epithelial cells and into colostrum of milk. In the species the IgA in mammary secretions is not absorbed into the circulation of the suckling infant; because of its unique property of resisting proteolytic degradation, it may mediate a local protective role in the lumen of the intestine of the suckling infant. Specific immunological protection of mammary tissue may be mediated through blood-derived antibody (particularly IgG), locally synthesized antibody (particularly IgA) or phagocytic cells. Neutrophils arrive in mammary tissue and secretions in very large numbers following bacterial invasion of the gland. It has been established recently that these cells carry cytophilic antibody on their cell membrane. This cytophilic antibody can play an important functional role in enhancing the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils in the mammary gland.