gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orthogonal combinatorial mutagenesis: a codon-level combinatorial mutagenesis method useful for low multiplicity and amino acid-scanning protocols (2001)

We describe here a method to generate combinatorial libraries of oligonucleotides mutated at the codon-level, with control of the mutagenesis rate so as to create predictable binomial distributions of mutants. The method allows enrichment of the libraries with single, double or larger multiplicity of amino acid replacements by appropriate choice of the mutagenesis rate, depending on the concentration of synthetic precursors. The method makes use of two sets of deoxynucleoside-phosphoramidites bearing orthogonal protecting groups [4,4'-dimethoxytrityl (DMT) and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)] in the 5' hydroxyl. These phosphoramidites are divergently combined during automated synthesis in such a way that wild-type codons are assembled with commercial DMT-deoxynucleoside-methyl-phosphoramidites while mutant codons are assembled with Fmoc-deoxynucleoside-methyl-phosphoramidites in an NNG/C fashion in a single synthesis column. This method is easily automated and suitable for low mutagenesis rates and large windows, such as those required for directed evolution and alanine scanning. Through the assembly of three oligonucleotide libraries at different mutagenesis rates, followed by cloning at the polylinker region of plasmid pUC18 and sequencing of 129 clones, we concluded that the method performs essentially as intended.
Hydrophilic low-temperature direct wafer bonding (2008)

The sealing mechanism of silicon bonding interfaces is reported as a function of annealing temperature. Details of the structural and chemical interface evolution are obtained for hydrophilic silicon/silicon and silicon/silicon dioxide wafer bonding, using x-ray reflectivity and infrared spectroscopy. A two-step mechanism is demonstrated: first a partial sealing of the interface driven by cross-wafer silanol bond condensation and second a water evacuation via oxide formation at the silicon oxide interface.
A Miniature Fiberoptic pH Sensor Potentially Suitable for Glucose Measurements (1982)

A fiberoptic sensor that we have developed for measuring physiologic pH is a potentially useful model for similar probes for other important applications such as monitoring glucose in the body. A fiberoptic probe has important advantages over an electrode in safety, reliability, applicability, and cost. The pH probe is described, with suggested approaches for making a device for glucose measurement.
A Novel Facial Feature Point Localization Method on 3D Faces (2007)

Although 2D-based face recognition methods have made great progress in the past decades, there are also some unsolved problems such as PIE. Recently, more and more researchers have focused on 3D-based face recognition approaches. Among these techniques, facial feature point localization plays an important role in representing and matching 3D faces. In this paper, we present a novel feature point localization method on 3D faces combining global shape model and local surface model. Bezier surface is introduced to represent local structure of different feature points and global shape model is utilized to constrain the local search result. Experimental results based on comparison of our method and curvature analysis show the feasibility and efficiency of the new idea.
Inhaltsstoffe der Moose, VI. Die Synthese von 2.7‐Dimethyl‐5‐methoxycarbonyl‐inden (1969)

Abstract Ausgehend von 4‐Nitro‐3‐methyl‐benzoesäure ( 1 ) wird die Synthese von 2.7‐Dimethyl‐5‐methoxycarbonyl‐inden ( 13 ) beschrieben.
Role of von Willebrand factor associated to extracellular matrices in platelet adhesion (1991)

The respective role of plasmatic and endothelial extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated von Willebrand factor (vWF) in platelet adhesion was investigated at a high shear rate using a parallel-plate perfusion chamber. Incubation of the endothelial ECM with a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to vWF, which specifically blocks vWF binding to platelet GP Ib (MoAb 322), inhibited 45% of platelet adhesion. Complete inhibition was achieved by incubating both plasma and endothelial ECM with MoAb 322 at concentrations that blocked only about 50% of adhesion when added separately. The effect of ECM-associated vWF was further demonstrated when a fibroblastic ECM, normally devoid of vWF, was coated with purified plasmatic vWF. Matrix associated-vWF was able to significantly enhance platelet adhesion in both the presence and the absence of plasmatic vWF. In contrast, this effect was not seen on endothelial ECM. Binding of exogenous vWF to the ECM was specific and dose dependent, reached the same value (500 ng/cm2) on both fibroblastic ECM and endothelial ECM, but exhibited a threefold-lower apparent dissociation constant (KD) on fibroblastic than on endothelial ECM. Our studies suggest that vWF deposited by endothelial cells in the ECM may be the most active form in platelet adhesion, whereas plasmatic vWF may only play a secondary role.
Application of CRF and SVM based semi-supervised learning for semantic labeling of environments (2012)

Understanding the environment in both geometric and semantic levels enables a robot to perform high-level tasks in complex environments. Therefore in recent years research towards identifying and semantically labeling the environments based on onboard sensors for mobile robots has been gaining popularity. After the era of heuristic and rule-based approaches, supervised learning algorithms like Support Vector Machines (SVM) and AdaBoost have been extensively used for this purpose showing satisfactory performance. With the introduction of graphical models, approaches like Conditional Random Fields (CRF) which take the advantage of connectivity of samples provide more flexibility to capture complex dependencies. In this paper, we focus on a real-world task which challenges the generalization ability of the model, evaluate some graph based features, propose a semi-supervised learning algorithm by iteratively utilizing the results from SVM and CRF, and suggest a solution for CRF parameter estimation with partially labeled training data. Experiments have been conducted on six real-world indoor environments demonstrating the competence of the algorithm.
A QoS-Oriented Reconfigurable Middleware for Self-Healing Web Services (2008)

Maintaining the Quality of Service (QoS) is important for self-healing web service-based distributed interactive applications. It requires the ability to deal with permanently changing constraints both at the communication and the execution levels. Preventing or repairing QoS degradation also requires the capacity of identifying its possible or actual sources and the capacity of reconfiguration decision and enforcement. Dealing with these issues is especially challenging for web services since the self-healing solution has to preserve the dynamic composition property and to be seamless for the service requesters, while being always usable under the different deployment constraints. In this paper, we present a self-healing middleware framework able to provide the self-healing properties for QoS management in web service-based distributed interactive applications. The framework implementation has been achieved in the context of the WS-DIAMOND project. It covers the whole cycle of adaptation management including monitoring and analysis of QoS values, and substitution-based reconfiguration.
Suppression of fibrogenic signaling in hepatic stellate cells by Twist1-dependent microRNA-214 expression: Role of exosomes in horizontal transfer of Twist1 (2015)

A hallmark of liver fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which results in their production of fibrotic molecules, a process that is largely regulated by connective tissue growth factor (CCN2). CCN2 is increasingly expressed during HSC activation because of diminished expression of microRNA-214 (miR-214), a product of dynamin 3 opposite strand (DNM3os) that directly suppresses CCN2 mRNA. We show that an E-box in the miR-214 promoter binds the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, Twist1, which drives miR-214 expression and results in CCN2 suppression. Twist1 expression was suppressed in HSC of fibrotic livers or in cultured HSC undergoing activation in vitro or after treatment with ethanol. Furthermore, Twist1 decreasingly interacted with DNM3os as HSC underwent activation in vitro. Nanovesicular exosomes secreted by quiescent but not activated HSC contained high levels of Twist1, thus reflecting the suppression of cellular Twist1 during HSC activation. Exosomal Twist1 was intercellularly shuttled between HSC and stimulated expression of miR-214 in the recipient cells, causing expression of CCN2 and its downstream effectors to be suppressed. Additionally, the miR-214 E-box in HSC was also regulated by hepatocyte-derived exosomes, showing that functional transfer of exosomal Twist1 occurs between different cell types. Finally, the levels of Twist1, miR-214, or CCN2 in circulating exosomes from fibrotic mice reflected fibrosis-induced changes in the liver itself, highlighting the potential utility of these and other constituents in serum exosomes as novel circulating biomarkers for liver fibrosis. These findings reveal a unique function for cellular or exosomal Twist1 in CCN2-dependent fibrogenesis.
Foreign object debris material recognition based on convolutional neural networks (2018)

The material attributes of foreign object debris (FOD) are the most crucial factors to understand the level of damage sustained by an aircraft. However, the prevalent FOD detection systems lack an effective method for automatic material recognition. This paper proposes a novel FOD material recognition approach based on both transfer learning and a mainstream deep convolutional neural network (D-CNN) model. To this end, we create an FOD image dataset consisting of images from the runways of Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and the campus of our research institute. We optimize the architecture of the D-CNN by considering the characteristics of the material distribution of the FOD. The results show that the proposed approach can improve the accuracy of material recognition by 39.6% over the state-of-the-art method. The work here will help enhance the intelligence capability of future FOD detection systems and encourage other practical applications of material recognition technology.
Current trends in fibromyalgia research (2003)

The development of standardised criteria for the diagnosis of fibromyalgia in 1990 has allowed careful study of this chronically painful syndrome. Epidemiological studies show increased symptoms and disability in patients with fibromyalgia, compared with other conditions associated with chronic, widespread pain. In addition, prevalence and severity of fibromyalgia symptoms are increased in women. Current studies have identified strong evidence for central sensitisation in fibromyalgia. Data from these studies may expand effective treatment options for fibromyalgia.
Continuing professional development for a better tomorrow (1996)

Experience and evidence clearly demonstrate that engineers who engage in a continuous process of development are far more likely to remain at the front of their field than colleagues who do not. But sometimes even those who want to keep abreast are unable to do so in Hong Kong owing to a lack of opportunity. The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers recently launched a series of ambitious efforts, programmes and services designed to provide the opportunities for continuing professional development.
Process parameter optimization of pulsed electric current sintering of recycled WC-8Co powder; pp. 255–265 (2009)

The WC-8Co powder, crushed and milled from recycled hard metals, was compacted with the pulsed electric current sintering method. The smallest particles were of the size about 0.4 mm and agglomerates 1â7 mm. Effect of the sintering temperature and heating rate were studied. Hard metal was sintered to a density of 98.3% at 1613 K within 3.5 min under 16 MPa pressure. Density and hardness were highest for the slowest heating regime, 98.1% and HV1 1981 kg/mm2, respectively. Heating speed 100 K/min was used for fabrication of fully densed samples, sintered under pressure of 100 MPa, at 1593 K in 3 min.
Hubble Space Telescope solar generator design for a decade in orbit (2002)

The Space Telescope Solar Array (STSA), which is supplying the power for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), is the largest flexible solar array built to date, carrying 48760 back surface field with reflector (BSFR) silicon cells. STSA is designed to survive at least five years in low Earth orbit (30000 thermal cycles) and will supply at least 4400 W at 34 V after four years. STSA had to be designed to survive the aggressive atomic oxygen (ATOX) environment. This was achieved by the development of an ATOX-resistant carrier substrate and of two different types of ATOX-resistant interconnectors. A 10 Omega -cm BSFR solar cell with all extremely smooth surface was developed to ensure a high-quality interconnector weld. The array is protected against shadowing and hot spots by solar cell shunt diodes. Thermal cycling was performed up to 65000 cycles, which demonstrated that the lifetime of the array should be in the order of ten years.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of integrin turnover in fly myotendinous junctions (2010)

Transient (short-term) cell adhesion underlies dynamic processes such as cell migration, whereas stable (long-term) cell adhesion maintains tissue architecture. Ongoing adhesion complex turnover is essential for transient cell adhesion, but it is not known whether turnover is also required for maintenance of long-term adhesion. We used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to analyze the dynamics of an integrin adhesion complex (IAC) in a model of long-term cell-ECM adhesion, myotendinous junctions (MTJs), in fly embryos and larvae. We found that the IAC undergoes turnover in MTJs and that this process is mediated by clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Moreover, the small GTPase Rab5 can regulate the proportion of IAC components that undergo turnover. Also, altering Rab5 activity weakened MTJs, resulting in muscle defects. In addition, growth of MTJs was concomitant with a decrease in the proportion of IAC components undergoing turnover. We propose that IAC turnover is tightly regulated in long-term cell-ECM adhesions to allow normal tissue growth and maintenance.
Enhancement of Vincristine Cytotoxicity in Drug-Resistant Cells by Simultaneous Treatment With Onconase, an Antitumor Ribonuclease (1996)

Combined administration of Onconase and VCR yields enhanced cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo against human colon carcinoma cells that overexpress the mdr1 gene.
Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Inhibits the Raf-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway by Binding to Raf-1 (2002)

Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a leucine zipper protein, whose expression is augmented by dexamethasone (DEX) treatment and downregulated by T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering. Stable expression of GILZ in T cells mimics some of the effects of glucocorticoid hormones (GCH) in GCH-mediated immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity. In fact, GILZ overexpression inhibits TCR-activated NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, interleukin-2 production, FasL upregulation, and the consequent activation-induced apoptosis. We have investigated the molecular mechanism underlying GILZ-mediated regulation of T-cell activation by analyzing the effects of GILZ on the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members, including Raf, MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (MEK-1/2), ERK-1/2, and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal protein kinase (JNK). Our results indicate that GILZ inhibited Raf-1 phosphorylation, which resulted in the suppression of both MEK/ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and AP-1-dependent transcription. We demonstrate that GILZ interacts in vitro and in vivo with endogenous Raf-1 and that Raf-1 coimmunoprecipitated with GILZ in murine thymocytes treated with DEX. Mapping of the binding domains and experiments with GILZ mutants showed that GILZ binds the region of Raf interacting with Ras through the NH(2)-terminal region. These data suggest that GILZ contributes, through protein-to-protein interaction with Raf-1 and the consequent inhibition of Raf-MEK-ERK activation, to regulating the MAPK pathway and to providing a further mechanism underlying GCH immunosuppression.
Peripheral neuropathy in lentivirus infection (2004)

FIV infection results in the rapid onset of peripheral neuropathy, defined by axonal injury and macrophage activation, together with abundant virus within the nerve, indicating that it may serve as a model of HIV-related DSP.
Characterization of a Broadly Reactive Anti-CD40 Agonistic Monoclonal Antibody for Potential Use as an Adjuvant (2017)

Lack of safe and effective adjuvants is a major hindrance to the development of efficacious vaccines. Signaling via CD40 pathway leads to enhanced antigen processing and presentation, nitric oxide expression, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by antigen presenting cells, and stimulation of B-cells to undergo somatic hypermutation, immunoglobulin class switching, and proliferation. Agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies have shown promising adjuvant qualities in human and mouse vaccine studies. An anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated 2E4E4, was identified and shown to have strong agonistic effects on primary cells from multiple livestock species. The mAb recognize swine, bovine, caprine, and ovine CD40, and evoked 25-fold or greater proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these species relative to cells incubated with an isotype control (p<0.001). In addition, the mAb induced significant nitric oxide (p<0.0001) release by bovine macrophages. Furthermore, the mAb upregulated the expression of MHC-II by PBMCs, and stimulated significant (p<0.0001) IL-1α, IL6, IL-8, and TNF-α expression by PBMCs. These results suggest that the mAb 2E4E4 can target and stimulate cells from multiple livestock species and thus, it is a potential candidate for adjuvant development. This is the first study to report an anti-swine CD40 agonistic mAb that is also broadly reactive against multiple species.
Development of an analytical method for IMU calibration (2016)

In today's world, where drones, remotely controlled vehicles, aircrafts and other autonomous vehicles have become a common mode of carrying out various operations, the Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) find themselves playing a very prominent role in the field of navigation. IMUs use a combination of accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers to determine the velocity, orientation and gravitational forces acting on the object, they're mounted upon. The sensor outputs of an IMU are not completely accurate and are coupled with errors. This paper focuses entirely on developing a new calibration method for an IMU. A theory was proposed which required the implementation of analytical operations using the basic sensor error model, eliminating the use of expensive hardware and inaccuracies from approximation methods involved. The IMU is moved by hand and placed in different static positions, and then with the help of analytical algorithms developed, the sensor errors were deduced. The performance of the calibration algorithm developed was tested and verified successfully with a commercially available device.
An 80-MFLOPS (peak) 64-b microprocessor for parallel computer (1992)

An 80-MFLOPS (peak) 64-b microprocessor that employs superscalar architecture to execute two instructions simultaneously in one 25-ns cycle, including the combination of 64-b floating-point add and multiply instructions, is described. The processor implemented in a 0.8- mu m CMOS technology contains 1300 K transistors. The processor also employs a RISC architecture and Harvard-style bus organization. The authors provide an overview of the processor, especially focusing on processor architecture, floating-point hardware, and performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of Enantiopure Precursors for the Vitamin E Synthesis. A Comparison of the Asymmetric Allylation of Ketones and the Sharpless Bishydroxylation (1997)

The enantioselective synthesis of the precursors 9, 10, 16 and 17 allow for the preparation of enantiopure vitamin E by asymmetric allylation of the ketone 6 and Sharpless bishydroxylation of the aliphatic alkenes 11 and 15 is described.
Isolation of a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant defective in intramitochondrial transport of phosphatidylserine (1999)

A CHO-K1 cell mutant with a specific decrease in cellular phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) level was isolated as a variant resistant to Ro09-0198, a PE-directed antibiotic peptide. The mutant was defective in the phosphatidylserine (PS) decarboxylation pathway for PE formation, in which PS produced in the endoplasmic reticulum is transported to mitochondria and then decarboxylated by an inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme, PS decarboxylase. Neither PS formation nor PS decarboxylase activity was reduced in the mutant, implying that the mutant is defective in some step of PS transport. The transport processes of phospholipids between the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane were analyzed by use of isolated mitochondria and two fluorescence-labeled phospholipid analogs, 1-palmitoyl-2-[N-[6(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl)amino]caproyl]-PS (C6-NBD-PS) and C6-NBD-phosphatidylcholine (C6-NBD-PC). On incubation with the CHO-K1 mitochondria, C6-NBD-PS was readily decarboxylated to C6-NBD-PE, suggesting that the PS analog was partitioned into the outer leaflet of mitochondria and then translocated to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The rate of decarboxylation of C6-NBD-PS in the mutant mitochondria was reduced to approximately 40% of that in the CHO-K1 mitochondria. The quantity of phospholipid analogs translocated from the outer leaflet of mitochondria into inner mitochondrial membranes was further examined by selective extraction of the analogs from the outer leaflet of mitochondria. In the mutant mitochondria, the translocation of C6-NBD-PS was significantly reduced, whereas the translocation of C6-NBD-PC was not affected. These results indicate that the mutant is defective in PS transport between the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane and provide genetic evidence for the existence of a specific mechanism for intramitochondrial transport of PS.
Chemical Stability of Polyacrylamide Under Simulated Field Conditions (1985)

ABSTRACT The chemical instability of Polyacrylamide polymer during both polymer and micellar-polymer flooding can seriously affect flood performance. Results of this study utilizing special laboratory techniques and long-term tests to simulate conditions typical of petroleum reservoirs show the effects of key variables on chemical stability. The rate and extent of degradation are governed most by oxygen content (although limited oxygen produces only limited degradation) and temperature. Metal ions, pH, and redox reactions can also have a major influence on degradation.