gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Taxonomy of Organizational Dependencies and Coordination Mechanisms (2011)

Interdependency and coordination have been perennial topics in organization studies.The two are related because coordination is seen as a response to problems caused by dependencies.Past studies, however, describe depaidencies and coordination mechanisms only in general terms, without characterizing in detail difference between dependencies, the problems dependencies create or how the proposed coordination mechanisms address those problems.This vagueness makes it difficult or impossible to determine what alternative coordination mechanisms might be useful in a given circumstance or to directly translate these alternative designs into specifications of individueil acHvities.In this paper 1 develop a taxonomy of dependency types by considering possible combinations of activities using resources.The taxonomy includes task-resource dependencies and three types of task-task dependencies: shared resources, producer<onsumer and common output.For each type of dependency, alternative coordination mechanisms are described.1 conclude by discussing how the taxonomy helps to analyze organizational processes and suggest alternative processes.--^-A taxonomy of dependencies Although you will perform with different ingredients for different dishes, the same general processes are repeated over and over again.As you enlarge your repertoire, you will find that the seemingly endless babble of recipes begins to fall rather neatly into groups of theme and variations... l
Chemical Conversion of α-Keto Acids in Relation to Flavor Formation in Fermented Foods (2004)

Formation of flavor compounds from branched-chain alpha-keto acids in fermented foods such as cheese is believed to be mainly an enzymatic process, while the conversion of phenyl pyruvic acid, which is derived from phenylalanine, also proceeds chemically. In this research, the chemical conversion of alpha-keto acids to aldehydes with strong flavor characteristics was studied, with the main focus on the conversion of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid to the aldehyde 2-methylpropanal, and a manganese-catalyzed reaction mechanism is proposed for this conversion. The mechanism involves keto-enol tautomerism, enabling molecular oxygen to react with the beta-carbon atom of the alpha-keto acid, resulting in a peroxide. This peroxide can react in several ways, leading to unstable dioxylactone or noncyclic intermediates. These intermediates will break down into an aldehyde and oxalate or carbon oxides (CO and CO(2)). All the alpha-keto acids tested were converted at pH 5.5 and in the presence of manganese, although their conversion rates were rather diverse. This chemical reaction might provide new ways for controlling cheese flavor formation with the aim of acceleration of the ripening process or diversification of the flavor characteristics.
Thrombocytopenia and Bleeding Complications in Severe Cases of Meningococcal Infection Treated with Heparin, Dextran 70 and Chlorpromazine (1972)

32 consecutive patients with meningococcal meningitis and septicemia were divided into a high-risk group (10 cases) and a low-risk group (22 cases) according to a prognostic score. Two sulphonamideresistant strains were isolated, which are the first ones reported from Sweden. Heparin was given to 8 high-risk patients and 7 low-risk patients. Shock therapy included dextran 70, chlorpromazine and high doses of dexamethasone. The fatality rate was 50% in the high-risk group and 0% in the low-risk group compared with 63% and 1.4% in corresponding groups of an earlier series, treated differently. There was evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in 9 of the 10 high-risk patients. Thrombocytopenia was the most constant coagulation defect. It was most pronounced during the second to the fourth day after admission and was not affected by heparin treatment, and thus may have had other causes than DIC. Five patients had unusual and severe bleeding complications and are described in detail. Heparin has probably contributed to the bleedings in at least 2 cases. Dextran 70, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid may have impaired the hemostatic function. The beneficial effect of heparin in meningococcal septicemia is not significantly proved. When used, heparin should be given continuously in low dosage with frequent laboratory checks, especially if renal insufficiency is present Acetylsalicylic acid, dextran, chlorpromazine and other drugs that impair platelet function, should be given with care if thrombocytopenia is pronounced, especially if combined with heparin.
Arc and Sfr functions of the Escherichia coli K-12 arcA gene product are genetically and physiologically separable (1991)

The Escherichia coli arcA gene product regulates chromosomal gene expression in response to deprivation of oxygen (Arc function; Arc stands for aerobic respiration control) and is required for expression of the F plasmid DNA transfer (tra) genes (Sfr function; Sfr stands for sex factor regulation). Using appropriate lacZ fusions, we have examined the relationship between these two genetic regulatory functions. Arc function in vivo was measured by anaerobic repression of a chromosomal sdh-lacZ operon fusion (sdh stands for succinate dehydrogenase). Sfr function was measured by activation of a plasmid traY-lacZ gene fusion. An eight-codon insertion near the 5' terminus of arcA, designated arcA1, abolished Arc function, as previously reported by S. Iuchi and E.C.C. Lin (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:1888-1892, 1988), but left Sfr function largely (greater than or equal to 60%) intact. Similarly, the arcB1 mutation, which depressed sdh expression and is thought to act by abolishing the signal input that elicits ArcA function, had little effect (less than or equal to 20%) on the Sfr function of the arcA+ gene product. Conversely, a valine-to-methionine mutation at codon 203 (the sfrA5 allele) essentially abolished Sfr activity without detectably altering Arc activity. These data indicate that Sfr and Arc functions are separately expressed and regulated properties of the same protein.
Polycomb silencing: from linear chromatin domains to 3D chromosome folding (2014)

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are conserved chromatin factors that regulate key developmental genes. Genome wide studies have shown that PcG proteins and their associated H3K27me3 histone mark cover long genomic domains. PcG proteins and H3K27me3 accumulate in Pc nuclear foci, which are the cellular counterparts of genomic domains silenced by PcG proteins. One explanation for how large genomic domains form nuclear foci may rely on loops occurring between specific elements located within domains. However, recent improvement of the chromosome conformation capture (3C) technology, which allowed monitoring genome wide contacts depicts a more complex picture in which chromosomes are composed of many topologically associating domains (TADs). Chromatin regions marked with H3K27me3 correspond to one class of TADs and PcG proteins participate in long-range interactions of H3K27me3 TADs, whereas insulator proteins seem to be important for separating TADs and may also participate in the regulation of intra TAD architecture. Recent data converge to suggest that this hierarchical organization of chromosome domains plays an important role in genome function during cell proliferation and differentiation.
Synchronization of two passively mode-locked, picosecond lasers within 20 fs for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (2002)

We report on the synchronization of two commercial picosecond Ti:sapphire lasers with unprecedented low temporal jitter between the pulse trains. Pulse jitter is reduced from a few picoseconds to 20 fs with a stability of several hours. The technology enabling the tight pulse synchronization is reviewed in this article. We demonstrate the usefulness of the synchronization scheme by applying the technique to coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. It is shown that CARS images can be acquired with a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio. This level of performance brings the fluctuations of the CARS signal down to the fundamental photon shot-noise limit. We present detailed statistical analysis of the pulse jitter and CARS noise along with enhanced CARS vibrational images of polymer beads.
Some comments on frequently used multiple endpoint adjustment methods in clinical trials (1997)

Confirmatory clinical trials often classify clinical response variables into primary and secondary endpoints. The presence of two or more primary endpoints in a clinical trial usually means that some adjustments of the observed p-values for multiplicity of tests may be required for the control of the type I error rate. In this paper, we discuss statistical concerns associated with some commonly used multiple endpoint adjustment procedures. We also present limited Monte Carlo simulation results to demonstrate the performance of selected p-value-based methods in protecting the type I error rate.
Inferring a Semantic Representation of Text via Cross-Language Correlation Analysis (2002)

The problem of learning a semantic representation of a text document from data is addressed, in the situation where a corpus of unlabeled paired documents is available, each pair being formed by a short English document and its French translation. This representation can then be used for any retrieval, categorization or clustering task, both in a standard and in a cross-lingual setting. By using kernel functions, in this case simple bag-of-words inner products, each part of the corpus is mapped to a high-dimensional space. The correlations between the two spaces are then learnt by using kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis. A set of directions is found in the first and in the second space that are maximally correlated. Since we assume the two representations are completely independent apart from the semantic content, any correlation between them should reflect some semantic similarity. Certain patterns of English words that relate to a specific meaning should correlate with certain patterns of French words corresponding to the same meaning, across the corpus. Using the semantic representation obtained in this way we first demonstrate that the correlations detected between the two versions of the corpus are significantly higher than random, and hence that a representation based on such features does capture statistical patterns that should reflect semantic information. Then we use such representation both in cross-language and in single-language retrieval tasks, observing performance that is consistently and significantly superior to LSI on the same data. 1
Occupancy Prediction Algorithms for Thermostat Control Systems Using Mobile Devices (2013)

Several techniques have been proposed for the automatic control of just-in-time heating and cooling systems in indoor spaces that accommodate both the occupants' comfort and energy savings. Current techniques, however, do not provide an adequate solution for efficient thermostat control, because they require costly infrastructures to detect occupancy or because they inaccurately predict the occupancy due to irregular patterns. In this paper, we propose an automatic thermostat control system based on the mobility prediction of users, using contextual information obtained by mobile phones. We also present an arrival time prediction scheme that combines both historical pattern and route classification. The experimental results indicate that the proposed system can successfully predict at least 70% of the transit cases within 10 minutes' error and can decrease energy consumption by 26%.
Factor V Leiden Mutation and the Risks for Thromboembolic Disease: A Clinical Perspective (1997)

The presence of factor V Leiden mutation predisposes patients to venous thromboembolism, but screening for this disorder is of uncertain utility. Decisions about whether to screen for the mutation will depend on the results of clinical trials designed to evaluate the benefit-to-risk ratio of long-term anticoagulation in the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with resistance to activated protein C.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoroheterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis, Reactions, and Commercial Applications (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Drei-Wellenlängen-Extinktionsverfahren zur Charakterisierung von Aerosolen unter industriellen Bedingungen (1994)

Article Drei-Wellenlängen-Extinktionsverfahren zur Charakterisierung von Aerosolen unter industriellen Bedingungen was published on December 1, 1994 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 61, issue JG).
Investigational medications for treatment of patients with Alzheimer disease. (2010)

Development of effective treatments for patients with Alzheimer disease has been challenging. Currently approved treatments include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine hydrochloride. To investigate treatments in development for patients with Alzheimer disease, the author conducted a review of the literature. New approaches for treatment or prevention focus on several general areas, including cholinergic receptor agonists, drugs to decrease β-amyloid and tau levels, antiinflammatory agents, drugs to increase nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels, and substances to reduce cell death or promote cellular regeneration. The author focuses on medications currently in clinical trials. Cholinergic agents include orthostatic and allosteric muscarinic M1 agonists and nicotinic receptor agonists. Investigational agents that target β-amyloid include vaccines, antibodies, and inhibitors of β-amyloid production. Anti-inflammatory agents, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the natural product curcumin, and the tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor etanercept, have also been studied. Some drugs currently approved for other uses may also show promise for treatment of patients with Alzheimer disease. Results of clinical trials with many of these investigational drugs have been disappointing, perhaps because of their use with patients in advanced stages of Alzheimer disease. Effective treatment may need to begin earlier-before neurodegeneration becomes severe enough for symptoms to appear.
Brain perfusion SPECT using an annular single crystal camera: initial clinical experience. (1990)

The annular single-crystal brain camera (ASPECT) is a digital SPECT system with a single-crystal sodium iodide thallium Nal(Tl) ring detector and collimator system designed to view the patient's head from three angles simultaneously. The ring is rotated concentrically to the detector for three-dimensional reconstruction over a 21.4 cm (diameter) by 10.7 cm (length) field of view. We evaluated the system clinically by imaging a Hoffman brain phantom and seven subjects, of whom two were normal controls, three had previous cerebral infarction and two had dementia. The ASPECT system produced tomographic images of high spatial resolution. In normal subjects, the separation of striata from thalami by the posterior limbs of the internal capsules was much clearer on ASPECT images than on rotating gamma camera images. The high spatial resolution obtained with the ASPECT system translates into superior anatomical representation of the brain compared to the standard rotating gamma camera.
Pulsed energy storage antennas for ionospheric modification (2005)

Abstract. Interesting, "new", very high peak-power pulsed radio frequency (RF) antennas have been assembled at the HIPAS Observatory (Alaska, USA) and also at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA, USA); namely, a pair of quarter wavelength (λ/4) long cylindrical conductors separated by a high voltage spark gap. Such a combination can radiate multi-megawatt RF pulses whenever the spark gap fires. The antenna at HIPAS is 53m long (λ/2) with a central pressurized SF6 spark gap. It is mounted 5 meters (λ/21) above a ground plane. It radiates at 2.85MHz. The two antenna halves are charged to ± high voltages by a Tesla coil. Spark gap voltages of 0.4 MV (at the instant of spark gap closure) give peak RF currents of ~1200A which correspond to ~14 MW peak total radiated power, or ~56 MW of Effective Radiated Power (ERP). The RF pulse train is initially square, decaying exponentially in time with Qs of ~50. Two similar but smaller 80-MHz antennas were assembled at UCLA to demonstrate their synchronization with a pulsed laser which fired the spark gaps in the two antennas simultanoeously. These experiments show that one can anticipate a pulsed array of laser synchronized antennas having a coherent Effective Radiated Power (ERP)>10GW. One can even reconsider a pulse array radiating at 1.43MHz which corresponds to the electron gyrofrequency in the Earth's magnetic field at ~200km altitude. These "new" pulsed high power antennas are hauntingly similar to the ones used originally by Hertz (1857-1894) during his (1886-1889) seminal verifications of Maxwell's (1864) theory of electrodynamics.
Dual bias feed SiGe HBT low noise linear amplifier (2001)

A 2 GHz-band SiGe HBT low noise amplifier (LNA) achieving high saturation power and low distortion performance is described. It has a novel diode/resistor dual bias feed circuit for the base of the HBT to extend its P1dB. In small signal region, the conventional resistor feed circuit is a dominant base current source, but in large signal region, the diode turns on and the diode feed circuit can supply base current like a voltage source which allows higher output power and linearity. The fabricated dual feed type LNA shows the P1dB improvement of 5 dB compared with the conventional resistor feed LNA.
Preparation and characterization of composite membrane for high temperature gas separation (1998)

A new class of perm-selective inorganic membrane was developed by electroless deposition of palladium thin-film on a microporous {alpha}-alumina ceramic substrate ({phi}39 mm x 2 mm thickness, nominal pore size 150 nm and open porosity {approx} 42 %). The new membrane was characterized by Scanning Electron Micrography (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and conducting permeability experiments with hydrogen, helium, argon and carbon dioxide at temperatures from 473 K to 673 K and feed pressures from 136 kPa to 274 kPa. The results indicate that the membrane has both high permeability and selectivity for hydrogen. The hydrogen transport through the Pd-composite membrane closely followed Sievert's law. A theoretical model is presented to describe the performance of a single-stage permeation process. The model uses a unified mathematical formulation and calculation methods for two flow patterns (cocurrent and countercurrent) with two permeable components and a nonpermeable fraction in the feed and a sweep stream in the permeate. The countercurrent flow pattern is always better than the cocurrent flow pattern with respect to stage cut and membrane area. The effect of flow configuration decreases with increasing membrane selectivity or with decreasing permeate/feed ratio.
A tunable strain sensor based on a carbon nanotubes/electrospun polyamide 6 conductive nanofibrous network embedded into poly(vinyl alcohol) with self-diagnosis capabilities (2017)

A new conductive nanocomposite was prepared by embedding a CNT wrapped electrospun PA6 nanofibrous network into a PVA matrix. This material has the capability of self-diagnosis based on its tunable strain sensing properties.
Delta Modulation for Channel Feedback in Transmit Diversity Systems (2005)

In a wireless communication system with multiple transmit antennas, knowledge of the channel at the transmitter can be used to increase link and system capacity. In a frequency division duplex system, the channel may be estimated by the receiver and communicated back to the transmitter for use in future transmissions. Efficient schemes that achieve channel feedback in this manner are of interest. We present a channel feedback scheme that uses delta modulation to encode channel information efficiently by exploiting the temporal correlation of the wireless channel. A system with multiple transmit antennas and a single receive antenna is used to evaluate the performance of the channel feedback scheme. The effect of feedback channel errors on system performance is shown. The presented method is found to be advantageous for channels with low to moderate Doppler frequencies.
Ebselen, a Small-Molecule Capsid Inhibitor of HIV-1 Replication (2016)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) capsid plays crucial roles in HIV-1 replication and thus represents an excellent drug target. We developed a high-throughput screening method based on a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (HTS-TR-FRET) assay, using the C-terminal domain (CTD) of HIV-1 capsid to identify inhibitors of capsid dimerization. This assay was used to screen a library of pharmacologically active compounds, composed of 1,280in vivo-active drugs, and identified ebselen [2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one], an organoselenium compound, as an inhibitor of HIV-1 capsid CTD dimerization. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis confirmed the direct interaction of ebselen with the HIV-1 capsid CTD and dimer dissociation when ebselen is in 2-fold molar excess. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry revealed that ebselen covalently binds the HIV-1 capsid CTD, likely via a selenylsulfide linkage with Cys198 and Cys218. This compound presents anti-HIV activity in single and multiple rounds of infection in permissive cell lines as well as in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Ebselen inhibits early viral postentry events of the HIV-1 life cycle by impairing the incoming capsid uncoating process. This compound also blocks infection of other retroviruses, such as Moloney murine leukemia virus and simian immunodeficiency virus, but displays no inhibitory activity against hepatitis C and influenza viruses. This study reports the use of TR-FRET screening to successfully identify a novel capsid inhibitor, ebselen, validating HIV-1 capsid as a promising target for drug development.
The Dynamic of the Institutionalization of the OECD Anti-Bribery Collaboration (2014)

Grasping the dynamic of the institutionalization process of the anti-bribery collaboration from the FCPA to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention is critical for the next step of analyzing the actual performance of these laws. Previous works, grounded in realist ideology, often reduce the dynamic process to a question of states' free will and rational responses to expected payoffs in relativelegislative strategies. This realist approach offers only speculative and inaccurate explanations that cannot sustain an understanding of the operation of the anti-bribery collaboration at successive stages.Instead, this study employs a historical approach, stressing how decision makers were constrained by existing and evolving institutions through analyzing the process of intertwined interactions among involved political parties, and concludes that the institutionalization process is composed of a sequence of unavoidable choices by decision makers in a concrete, historical context. A lawmaking game among rational parties in an evolving context may plausibly result in altruistic consequences.