gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in clinical samples (1991)

We have used the polymerase chain reaction to detect Mycoplasma genitalium in artificially seeded human throat swab samples as well as in clinical material. On the basis of the published nucleotide sequence of the M. genitalium 140-kDa adhesin gene, primers were chosen to produce an amplified fragment of 281 bp. Five different previously isolated strains, including the type strain of M. genitalium, could all be detected by the polymerase chain reaction, and DNAs from other mycoplasmal and bacterial species yielded negative results. The detection limits were estimated to be approximately 50 organisms by inspection of ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels and 4 organisms when a biotinylated oligonucleotide probe was used in filter hybridization. The amplified DNA fragments were subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. DNAs from the five different isolates all possessed EcoRI, SspI, AluI, Sau3AI, and DdeI restriction sites, as predicted from the published sequence. A total of 150 urogenital swabs collected from 100 patients for culturing of Chlamydia trachomatis were tested for the presence of M. genitalium DNA. Ten samples from eight patients were found positive. The amplified DNA fragments from all of our clinical samples possessed the AluI, Sau3AI, and DdeI restriction sites, but three samples from two patients did not contain the SspI site and none of the samples contained the EcoRI site.
Imaging with rectangular transmission gratings (1987)

In a restricted class of imaging that is due to rectangular transmission gratings, the image formation of coarse periodic objects has been considered in the close vicinity of the gratings under incoherent illumination. The imaging occurs at an extremely high demagnification, typically of the order of 103, and is determined by the ratio of the periods of the pupil grating and the object. Analyses based on geometrical optics, Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction theory, and the optical transfer function (OTF) consideration have been given. It is revealed that the frequency response assumesfinite values only at certain allowablespatial frequencies, which are equal to the integral multiples of the pupil grating frequency. The system OTF has been calculated by varying the normalized-image distance α. The incoherent images under Fourier imaging conditions have been explained in terms of the present mathematical formulations.
The JPEG still picture compression standard (1992)

A joint ISO/CCITT committee known as JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) has been working to establish the first international compression standard for continuous-tone still images, both grayscale and color. JPEG's proposed standard aims to be generic, to support a wide variety of applications for continuous-tone images. To meet the differing needs of many applications, the JPEG standard includes two basic compression methods, each with various modes of operation. A DCT (discrete cosine transform)-based method is specified for 'lossy' compression, and a predictive method for 'lossless' compression. JPEG features a simple lossy technique known as the Baseline method, a subset of the other DCT-based modes of operation. The Baseline method has been by far the most widely implemented JPEG method to date, and is sufficient in its own right for a large number of applications. The author provides an overview of the JPEG standard, and focuses in detail on the Baseline method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Yet another “active” pseudokinase, Erb3 (2010)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Suicide Transport: Destruction of Neurons by Retrograde Transport of Ricin, Abrin, and Modeccin (1982)

Certain toxic lectins, including ricin, are retrogradely transported along neuronal processes to the cell body where they inactivate ribosomes, resulting in neuronal death. This process of "suicide transport" suggests a powerful new experimental strategy for solving neurobiological problems.
Use of random DNA amplification to generate specific molecular probes for hybridization tests and PCR-based diagnosis of Yersinia ruckeri (1996)

We have developed a fast and convenient detection method for the etiological agent of enteric redmouth disease in rainbow trout, the bacterium Yersinia ruckeri, using the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique to design specific primers for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnosis. In the RAPD genomic fingerprint of Y ruckeri, a specific band was observed which gave no cross-hybridization with the genomes of other bacteria in Southern blot analysis. This band was cloned, sequenced, and found to bear no homology with known DNA sequences. Two primers were then synthesized to amplify by PCR the fragment lying between the terminal RAPD primer sequences of the band. The PCR assay detected specifically 3 serotypes of Y ruckeri (serotypes 01, 0 2 , and unknown) in samples with whole bacteria. It also detected the bacterium in kidney tissue from infected trout after brief digestion with proteinase K. Sample preparation was kept simple to minimize the risk of false positives due to inter-sample contamination. Because of its speed, inherent sensitivity, and apparent specificity we concluded that this diagnostic system was preferable to conventional bacteriological diagnostic tests.
제대 동맥 혈류속도파형과 태반의 병리소견의 상관관계 (1995)

1993년 1월부터 1994년 12월까지 이화대학 병원산부인과에 입원하여 도플러초음파검사 시행 한 지 1주일 이내에 분만하였던 임신부 20예에서 태반조직 검사를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결 과를 얻었다. 1. 제대동맥 혈류속도파형이 비정상인 군은 정상인 군에 비하여 태아체중, 분만시 임신주수, 태반 무게, 제대동맥 S/D ratio, 제 3차간 융모간내 소근 동맥 수에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. (p<0.05). 2. 두 군사이의 현미경적 소견에서 기질 위축, 급성경색, 소동맥폐쇄 등에서 현저한 차이를 보였으며, 특히 소동맥폐쇄 비율은 정상의 경우 14%, 비정상인 경우 50%로 큰 차이를 보였다.
Thymidine kinase 1 immunoassay: a potential marker for breast cancer. (2001)

Previous research indicates that thymidine kinase I (TKI) possesses value as a tool for both prognosis and diagnosis in breast cancer. However, drawbacks to the existing radioassay for thymidine kinase have frustrated its clinical use. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed a monoclonal antibody to TK1. We have assessed this antibody for a linear antibody-antigen response and for reproducibility using ELISA techniques. We also have evaluated this antibody for TKI specificity as determined by Western blot. To test the accuracy of this monoclonal antibody further, we treated human MCF-7 breast cancer cells with tamoxifen and measured decreasing TKI activity and protein levels with the radioassay and with our monoclonal antibody in an ELISA, respectively. We then used the radioassay and our monoclonal antibody to measure TK1 activity and protein levels, respectively, in 218 serum samples of postoperative breast cancer patients and found a correlation between the two assays. Our results demonstrated that the TK1 immunoassay not only had a linear, reproducible, and specific response but accurately measured TK1 levels in both MCF-7 breast cancer cells and serum. Thus, our monoclonal antibody may demonstrate potential for practical use in a clinical setting for the management of breast cancer.
Origin of “Cockney” (1860)

Origin of “Cockney” Get access John Williams John Williams 1Arno's Court Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s2-IX, Issue 221, 24 March 1860, Page 234, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-IX.221.234c Published: 24 March 1860
Links Between Insulin Resistance, Adenosine A2B Receptors, and Inflammatory Markers in Mice and Humans (2011)

Diabetes affects the production of adenosine and the expression of A(2B)Rs that stimulate IL-6 and CRP production, insulin resistance, and the association between ADORA2B SNPs and inflammatory markers. We hypothesize that increased A(2B)R signaling in diabetes increases insulin resistance in part by elevating proinflammatory mediators. Selective A(2B)R blockers may be useful to treat insulin resistance.
Acetolactate Synthase Inhibiting Herbicides Bind to the Regulatory Site (1991)

Acetolactate synthase from spontaneous mutants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum; KS-43 and SK-53) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum; PS-3, PSH-91, and DO-2) selected in tissue culture for resistance to a triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide showed varying degrees of insensitivity to feedback inhibitor(s) valine and/or leucine. A similar feature was evident in the enzyme isolated from chlorsulfuron-resistant weed biotypes, Kochia scoparia and Stellaria media. Dual inhibition analyses of triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide, thifensulfuron, and imazethapyr versus feedback inhibitor leucine revealed that the three herbicides were competitive with the amino acid for binding to acetolactate synthase from wild-type cotton cultures. Acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides may bind to the regulatory site on the enzyme.
Thesaurus of agricultural organisms : pests, weeds and diseases (1990)

This two-volume publication covers both plant and animal species, but focuses on pest, weed and disease organisms of importance to the field of agriculture. Pests can be identified either by the full Latin name or a preferred name or synonym. The thesaurus provides a cross-referenced source of Latin names, synonyms and common names in English, French and German for approximately 30,000 organisms. An inverted binominal index enables the location of the correct entry, starting from the Linnaean specific name.
Projection operations for failure detection and isolation (1982)

The problem of failure detection and isolation in linear systems is discussed. Typically the solutions to this problem have included a statistical test being performed on the measurement residual generated by a Kalman filter. These solutions are usually based on one or more of the assumptions: the type of failure is known, or the failure location (in sensor or state) is known, so that the failure can be estimated. In this paper a technique is developed which is based on a set of projection operators which, under appropriate conditions, can both detect and isolate the failures when the type, location, time of occurrence and magnitude of the failure are not known a priori.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Halonitroaromatics over Platinum on Carbon as Catalyst in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2014)

Abstract The chemoselective hydrogenation of 2‐chloronitrobenzene to 2‐chloroaniline over platinum on carbon (Pt/C) as catalyst in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) was investigated. In the scCO 2 phase, undesired dehalogenation was significantly suppressed to yield 2‐chloroaniline in 99.7% selectively. The utilization of scCO 2 resulted in an about two‐fold increase in the rate of the reaction compared to the solvent‐free conditions. Visual inspection of phase behaviour of the reaction mixture revealed that the formation of a single supercritical phase including substrate, hydrogen, and products, is the crucial factor for the facile hydrogenation of nitro groups. In situ diffuse reflectance FT‐IR spectroscopy revealed that carbon monoxide generated in situ by the reverse water‐gas shift reaction (CO 2 +H 2 →CO+H 2 O) poisoned selectively platinum active sites that promoted undesired side reactions including dehalogenation and hydrogenation of aromatic rings, resulting in the excellent product selectivity in scCO 2 . The untouched active sites efficiently catalyzed the nitro group hydrogenation in scCO 2 , thereby realizing the highly chemoselective hydrogenation to haloanilines. The present chemoselective hydrogenation is applicable to other chlorinated nitrobenzenes to give the desired products in 100% conversion and with over 99% selectivity. magnified image
UKPDS 59: Hyperglycemia and Other Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors for Peripheral Vascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

Hyperglycemia, as well as smoking, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure are potentially modifiable risk factors for the development of PVD.
Application of anomaly detection algorithms for detecting SYN flooding attacks (2005)

We investigate statistical anomaly detection algorithms for detecting SYN flooding, which is the most common type of denial of service (DoS) attack. The two algorithms considered are an adaptive threshold algorithm and a particular application of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithm for change point detection. The performance is investigated in terms of the detection probability, the false alarm ratio, and the detection delay. Particular emphasis is on investigating the tradeoffs among these metrics and how they are affected by the parameters of the algorithm and the characteristics of the attacks. Such an investigation can provide guidelines to effectively tune the parameters of the detection algorithm to achieve specific performance requirements in terms of the above metrics.
The Effects of a Readily Adsorbed Trace Component (Water) in a Bulk Separation PSA Process:  The Case of Oxygen VSA (2001)

This paper investigates the thermal profiles that arise in oxygen VSA, which is a prominent example of a PSA bulk gas separation process. Experimentally, it is demonstrated that the severe axial thermal profile or “cold spot” that frequently characterizes oxygen VSA can only arise if there are multilayered adsorption beds or if there are readily adsorbed trace components (such as water) that create a de facto multilayered bed. A qualitative explanation is offered to explain how this cold spot is formed. This paper also details a technique for predicting the penetration of a water-loaded zone into an oxygen VSA adsorption bed based on the method of characteristics. The results of this technique compare well with experimental and numerically simulated results. Finally, this paper demonstrates that a water-loaded zone and an inert zone of activated alumina result in very similar cyclic steady-state thermal profiles, even though the transient behaviors are markedly different.
Extermination of Rice Weevils of Kraft Paper Containing Garlic Extractives and Pine Needle Powder (2007)

This study developed rice packaging paper with exterminating performance against rice weevils such as Tenebroides mauritanicus and Sitophilus oryzae. The exterminating performance of packaging paper was given by treatment of garlic extractives and pine-leaf powder, respectively. For the exterminating test, rice weevils were put in petri dish containing non-treated packaging paper and functional packaging paper for twenty days. Right after being put in the petri dish, the rice weevils moved fast toward the area in the non-treated paper escaping from that in the functional paper. The lethality of the rice weevils on the functional paper reached over 50 per cent. The physical properties of the functional packaging paper were rarely changed in spite of treatment of the exterminating agents.
Plasmonic Resonances in Nanostructured Transparent Conducting Oxide Films (2013)

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are emerging as possible alternative constituent materials to replace noble metals such as silver and gold for low-loss plasmonic and metamaterial (MM) applications in the near infrared regime (NIR). The optical characteristics of TCOs have been studied to evaluate the functionalities and potential of these materials as metal substitutes in plasmonic and MM devices, even apart from their usual use as electrode materials. However, patterning TCOs at the nanoscale, which is necessary for plasmonic and MM devices, is not well studied. This paper investigates nanopatterning processes for TCOs, especially the liftoff technique with electron-beam lithography, and the realization of plasmonic nanostructures with TCOs. By employing the developed nanopatterning process, we fabricate 2-D-periodic arrays of TCO nanodisks and characterize the material's plasmonic properties to evaluate the performance of TCOs as metal substitutes. Light-induced collective oscillations of the free electrons in the TCOs (bulk plasmons) and localized surface plasmon resonances are observed in the wavelength range from 1.6 to 2.1 μm. Well-defined resonance peaks are observed, which can be dramatically tuned by varying the amount of dopant and by thermally annealing the TCO nanodisks in nitrogen gas ambient while maintaining the low-loss properties.
Clinical Efficacy of Lansoprazole in Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (1995)

A randomized, single-blind study was designed to assess the effect of lansoprazole alone and lansoprazole plus amoxicillin on the healing and eradication rates in Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease. Seventy-nine patients with gastric ulcers and 54 patients with duodenal ulcers were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Group 1 received lansoprazole 30 mg daily for 8 weeks for gastric ulcers or 6 weeks for duodenal ulcers. Group 2 received the group 1 regimen plus amoxicillin 2 g daily for 2 weeks. Healing rates at 8 weeks for the gastric ulcer patients were 92 and 84% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = not significant). Healing rates at 6 weeks for duodenal ulcers were 96% in group 1 and 100% in group 2 (p = not significant). The eradication rates of H. pylori for gastric ulcer patients were 21 and 54% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.05). The H. pylori eradication rates for duodenal ulcer patients were 5 and 73% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.001). The H. pylori eradication rates in group 2 were significantly higher than in group 1. Lansoprazole was effective for eradicating H. pylori in this study.
Effect of whole body hyperthermia on carboplatin disposition and toxicity in dogs (1994)

Fifty dogs with refractory or disseminated spontaneous tumours were evaluated in two independent phase I studies using either carboplatin (CBDCA) alone or CBDCA plus whole body hyperthermia (WBH). CBDCA was administered as a 30 min infusion at the onset of the plateau phase of WBH in dogs receiving combined treatment. Serum samples were collected and drug disposition was determined in both treatment groups. The dose-effect relationship was mathematically described with a logistic regression model developed from categorical toxicity data accumulated throughout the first two treatment courses in all dogs. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as that dose which resulted in a 50% probability of achieving moderate or severe toxicity. The only toxicities observed were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, which were dose-dependent. The nadir occurred between 7 and 14 days following treatment. A significant decrease in the area under the serum CBDCA versus time curve for dogs undergoing WBH was consistent with increased tissue binding of the drug as well as increased urinary eliminations. Serum AUC values determined following the first course of treatment were predictive of subsequent toxicity in both treatment groups. The MTD (95%CI) for CBDCA and CBDCA/WBH were estimated to be 318(44) and 239(51) mg/M2 respectively (p = 0.08). A randomized phase II evaluation should be initiated to determine if a therapeutic gain can be achieved using combined CBDCA and WBH. Further refinement of the CBDCA dose in such a trial should be based on both pharmacokinetic parameters and normal tissue response.
Anthracene Based Compounds as New L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup>Channel Blockers: Design, Synthesis, and Full Biological Profile (2009)

L-Type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) play a key role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction, and substances that interfere with their function (Ca(2+) channel blockers) are widely used in the therapy of hypertension. Here, we report anthracene-maleimide derivatives as new LTCC blockers. Among these, 3, lacking intracellular effects, was investigated in more detail. The results show that 3 binds preferentially to inactivated LTCCs, directly interacting with the pore-forming subunit of the channel.
Convolutional neural network based heterogeneous transfer learning for remote-sensing scene classification (2019)

Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) transfer has recently shown strong performance in scene classification of high-resolution remote-sensing images. However, the majority of transfer learning solutions are categorized as homogeneous transfer learning, which ignores differences between target and source domains. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous model to transfer CNNs to remote-sensing scene classification to correct input feature differences between target and source datasets. First, we extract filters from source images using the principal component analysis (PCA) method. Next, we convolute the target images with the extracted PCA filters to obtain an adopted target dataset. Then, a pretrained CNN is transferred to the adopted target dataset as a feature extractor. Finally, a classifier is used to accomplish remote-sensing scene classification. We conducted extensive experiments on the UC Merced dataset, the Brazilian coffee scene dataset and the Aerial Images Dataset to verify the effectiveness of the proposed heterogeneous model. The experimental results show that the proposed heterogeneous model outperforms the homogeneous model that uses pretrained CNNs as feature extractors by a wide margin and gains similar accuracies by fine-tuning a homogeneous transfer learning model with few training iterations.
A quick intelligent page-programming architecture and a shielded bitline sensing method for 3 V-only NAND flash memory (1994)

This paper describes a quick intelligent page-programming architecture with a newly introduced intelligent verify circuit for 3 V-only NAND flash memories. The new verify circuit, which is composed of only two transistors, results in a simple intelligent program algorithm for 3 V-only operation and a reduction of the program time to 56%. This paper also describes a shielded bitline sensing method to reduce a bitline-bitline capacitive coupling noise from 700 mV to 35 mV. The large 700 mV noise without the shielded bitline architecture is mainly caused by the NAND-type cell array structure. A 3 V-only experimental NAND flash memory, developed in a 0.7-/spl mu/m NAND flash memory process technology, demonstrates that the programmed threshold voltages are controlled between 0.4 V and 1.8 V by the new verify circuit. The shielded bitline sensing method realizes a 2.5-/spl mu/s random access time with a 2.7-V power supply. The page-programming is completed after the 40-/spl mu/s program and 2.8-/spl mu/s verify read cycle is iterated 4 times. The block-erasing time is 10 ms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>