gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light Gated Recurrent Units for Speech Recognition (2018)

A field that has directly benefited from the recent advances in deep learning is automatic speech recognition (ASR). Despite the great achievements of the past decades, however, a natural and robust human-machine speech interaction still appears to be out of reach, especially in challenging environments characterized by significant noise and reverberation. To improve robustness, modern speech recognizers often employ acoustic models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that are naturally able to exploit large time contexts and long-term speech modulations. It is thus of great interest to continue the study of proper techniques for improving the effectiveness of RNNs in processing speech signals. In this paper, we revise one of the most popular RNN models, namely, gated recurrent units (GRUs), and propose a simplified architecture that turned out to be very effective for ASR. The contribution of this work is twofold: First, we analyze the role played by the reset gate, showing that a significant redundancy with the update gate occurs. As a result, we propose to remove the former from the GRU design, leading to a more efficient and compact single-gate model. Second, we propose to replace hyperbolic tangent with rectified linear unit activations. This variation couples well with batch normalization and could help the model learn long-term dependencies without numerical issues. Results show that the proposed architecture, called light GRU, not only reduces the per-epoch training time by more than 30% over a standard GRU, but also consistently improves the recognition accuracy across different tasks, input features, noisy conditions, as well as across different ASR paradigms, ranging from standard DNN-HMM speech recognizers to end-to-end connectionist temporal classification models.
Accurate Sparse Feature Regression Forest Learning for Real-Time Camera Relocalization (2018)

Camera relocalization is needed in several applications such as augmented reality or robot navigation. However, it is still challenging to have a both real-time and accurate method. In this paper, we present our hybrid method combing machine learning approach and geometric approach for real-time camera relocalization from a single RGB image. We introduce our sparse feature regression forest to improve the machine learning part. In our regression forest, we propose a novel split function, that uses a whole feature vector instead of classical binary test function to improve the accuracy of 2D-3D point correspondences. Moreover, we use sparse feature extraction (SURF features) to reduce time processing. The results indicate that our method is the only real-time hybrid method (50ms per frame). We also achieve results as accurate as the best state-of-the-art methods (hybrid methods) and outperform machine learning based and sparse feature based methods.
In Vivo Cellular Distribution and Endocytosis of the Somatostatin Receptor-Ligand Complex (1999)

Radioactive tumor targeting agents are highly interesting and for treatment of neuroendocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptors, radiolabeled somatostatin analogues (including [(111)In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide) has been tried in a small number of patients with encouraging results. To increase our knowledge about the in vivo processing of administered [(111)In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide we have examined tumor and normal tissue material from a patient with a midgut carcinoid tumor. By ultrastructural autoradiography, silver grains indicating the presence of [(111)In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide could be identified within tumor cells, both in the primary tumor and in the mesenteric metastases. Silver grains were also found in leukocytes and in blood vessels. However, normal enterocytes did not show any specific radioligand uptake. This study indicates that the binding and endocytosis of [(111)In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide is a specific process that takes place in cells expressing somatostatin receptors. However, the importance of the number of somatostatin receptors and subtypes expressed will have to be further studied.
Parallel Changes in Catabolite Repression of Haem Biosynthesis and Cytochromes in Repression-resistant Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)

Effects of three mutant genes, CAT1-2d, cat2-1 and hex2-3, on catabolite repression of mitochondrial cytochromes and the first two enzymes of haem biosynthesis were compared. The CAT1-2d mutation gave no resistance to glucose, whereas cat2-1 endowed both cytochromes and 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase with resistance, but did not alter the effect of glucose on 5-aminolaevulinate synthase. The hex2-3 mutation caused repression resistance of cytochromes and of the two haem biosynthetic enzymes. hex2-3 strains also accumulated intracellular 5-aminolaevulinate. Co-inheritance of the latter traits, sensitivity to maltose inhibition and ability to grow on raffinose in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose, demonstrated that the pleiotropic phenotype is a function of the single gene hex2-3. Revertants which grew on maltose regained sensitivity to deoxyglucose and exhibited normal sensitivity of cytochromes and haem biosynthesis enzymes to repression. Addition of the hex1-18 mutation, which renders cytochromes resistant to repression, to a cat2-1 strain did not produce the same effect on 5-aminolaevulinate synthase as hex2-3. It is concluded that repression patterns of haem and cytochrome biosynthesis are substantially affected by hex2-3 and cat2-1 but not by CAT1-2d.
The Changing Concept of 'New Religions' from a Religio-typological Context (2014)

According to the traditional typology of religions, there is quite a sharp difference between sect and cult (new religion): Though both of sect and cult are not well supported by societies, the one intends to follow the idea of predominant church while the other tends to create or introduce new ideas alien to the society. But such a difference between sect and cult is gradually getting weaker and weaker today. In fact, many religious orders which passed for cults have been often turned out to be sectarian groups derived from originally church-oriented sects, By contrast, many sects tends to include various elements of cults in their own framework(especially, in North American millieu) these days. Thus, there seems to get to exist a very vague boundary between sect and cult. In this context, new religions are no longer what they used to be. They denote much wider concepts than before. The term, cults, does not contain any pejorative meaning today but mean even something passionate like enthusiastic worships for youth. In a sense, it can be said that the term, cults may challenge to the stereotyped definition of religion and invite a new meaning of it for the future.
Orthologous promoters from related methylotrophic yeasts surpass expression of endogenous promoters of Pichia pastoris (2020)

Methylotrophic yeasts such as Komagataella phaffii (syn. Pichia pastoris, Pp), Hansenula polymorpha (Hp), Candida boidinii (Cb) and Pichia methanolica (Pm) are widely used protein production platforms. Typically, strong, tightly regulated promoters of genes coding for their methanol utilization (MUT) pathways are used to drive heterologous gene expression. Despite highly similar open reading frames in the MUT pathways of the four yeasts, the regulation of the respective promoters varies strongly between species. While most endogenous Pp MUT promoters remain tightly repressed after depletion of a repressing carbon, Hp, Cb and Pm MUT promoters are derepressed to up to 70% of methanol induced levels, enabling methanol free production processes in their respective host background. Here, we have tested a series of orthologous promoters from Hp, Cb and Pm in Pp. Unexpectedly, when induced with methanol, the promoter of the HpMOX gene reached very similar expression levels as the strong methanol, inducible, and most frequently used promoter of the Pp alcohol oxidase 1 gene (P<sub>PpAOX1</sub>). The HpFMD promoter even surpassed P<sub>PpAOX1</sub> up to three-fold, when induced with methanol, and reached under methanol-free/derepressed conditions similar expression as the methanol induced P<sub>PpAOX1</sub>. These results demonstrate that orthologous promoters from related yeast species can give access to otherwise unobtainable regulatory profiles and may even considerably surpass endogenous promoters in P. pastoris.
Precise control of pore hydrophilicity enabled by post-synthetic cation exchange in metal–organic frameworks (2018)

The ability to control the relative humidity at which water uptake occurs in a given adsorbent is advantageous, making that material applicable to a variety of different applications. Here, we show that cation exchange in a metal-organic framework allows precise control over the humidity onset of the water uptake step. Controlled incorporation of cobalt in place of zinc produces open metal sites into the cubic triazolate framework MFU-4<i>l</i>, and thereby provides access to materials with uptake steps over a 30% relative humidity range. Notably, the MFU-4<i>l</i> framework has an extremely high water adsorption capacity of 1.05 g g<sup>-1</sup>, amongst the highest known for porous materials. The total water capacity is independent of the cobalt loading, showing that cation exchange is a viable route to increase the hydrophilicity of metal-organic frameworks without sacrificing capacity.
A unified framework for clustering heterogeneous Web objects (2003)

We introduce a novel framework for clustering Web data which is often heterogeneous in nature. As most existing methods often integrate heterogeneous data into a unified feature space, their flexibilities to explore and adjust contributing effects from different heterogeneous information are compromised. In contrast, our framework enables separate clustering of homogeneous data in the entire process based on their respective features, and a layered structure with link information is used to iteratively project and propagate the clustered results between layers until it converges. Our experimental results show that such a scheme not only effectively overcomes the problem of data sparseness caused by the high dimensional link space but also improves the clustering accuracy significantly. We achieve 19% and 41% performance increases when clustering Web-pages and users based on a semi-synthetic Web log. Finally, we show a real clustering result based on UC Berkeley's Web log.
Preparation of Lithium Carbonate from Brines by Solvent Extraction (2006)

The method of preparing lithium carbonate from bittern extraction liquids and the influencing parameters were discussed.The problem of precipitating lithium from brines of very low lithium contents was solved.The hence obtained product complies with the grade I GB standard of lithium carbonate.The feasibility of industrializing extracting lithium from salt lake bitterns was thus enlightened.
Self-Assembled Dinuclear Lanthanide Helicates:  Substantial Luminescence Enhancement upon Replacing Terminal Benzimidazole Groups by Carboxamide Binding Units (1998)

The segmental ligands bis{1-alkyl-2-[6'-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)pyridin-2'-yl]benzimidazol-5-yl}methane (alkyl = methyl (L(5)), ethyl (L(6))) react with lanthanide perchlorates (Ln = La, Eu, Gd, Tb) in acetonitrile to yield the f-f dinuclear homotopic triple-stranded helicates [Ln(2)(L(i)())(3)](6+) (i = 5, 6) under thermodynamic control. The crystal structure of [Tb(2)(L(6))(3)](ClO(4))(3)(MeCN)(2)(THF)(0.5)(EtOH)(0.5) (11a, C(124)H(145)N(26)O(31)Cl(6)Tb(2), triclinic, P&onemacr;, Z = 2) shows the wrapping of the ligands about a pseudo-C(3) axis passing through the metal ions. The Tb ions are 9-coordinate in facial pseudo-tricapped trigonal prismatic sites and are separated by 9.06 Å. (1)H-NMR and ES-MS data establish that the triple helical structure is maintained in solution. Spectrophotometric titrations (Ln = La, Eu) indicate log beta(23) = 24-25 and the formation of a 2:2 complex [Ln(2)(L(5))(2)](6+) (log beta(22) = 19-20). Quantum yield determination in acetonitrile shows that the terminal N,N-diethylcarboxamide groups in L(5) favor efficient intramolecular L(5) --> Eu(III) energy transfers leading to strong Eu-centered red luminescence, 50 times as intense as the luminescence observed when the carboxamide groups are replaced by substituted benzimidazole units in [Eu(2)(L(4))(3)](6+). Resistance toward hydrolysis also results from the use of carboxamide groups, and no quenching of luminescence is observed for [Eu(2)(L(5))(3)](6+) in moist acetonitrile up to 2.5 M water. The crucial role played by carboxamide groups for the control of structural, electronic, and photophysical properties is discussed. Replacing perchlorates by triflates allows the isolation of the dinuclear double-stranded helicate [Eu(2)(L(6))(2)(CF(3)SO(3))(4)(H(2)O(2))(2)](CF(3)SO(3))(2)(MeOH)(2)(H(2)O)(5)(.5), whose crystal structure (13a, C(85)H(106)Eu(2)F(18)N(16)O(30)S(6), monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 2) reveals a side-by-side arrangement of the two strands and 9-coordinate Eu ions linked through hydrogen-bonded water molecules.
Performance evaluation of photovoltaic silicon cells under concentrated sunlight (1984)

The electrical performance of concentrated photovoltaic Si cells has been studied underthe application of real sunlight. The photogenerated current increases linearly with cell temperature at a rate of 5 mA/°C, and it increases with the normal incident solar intensity. The difference between the cell temperature and the lowest cooler temperature increases sharply with incident solar intensity. The module open-circuit voltage decreases with increasing cell temperature. The rate decreases with decreasing normal solar intensity. The module open-circuit voltage increases with normal incident solar intensity. The rate decreases as the incident solarintensity increases. The module efficiency decreases with increasing cell temperature at a ratewhich depends on incident solar intensity and cell temperature. As the incident solar intensity increases, the reduction in efficiency per degree rise in cell temperature decreases. For a given cell temperature, the module efficiency increases with incident power to a maximum and then decreases. A normalised empirical formula relating the incident solar intensity to the cell temperature, for the maximum efficiency condition, is obtained.
Flattening, Leveling, Slitting, and Shearing of Coiled Product (2006)

Abstract Metal production mills produce flat metal sheet and strip products into coil forms that are subjected to further fabrication for shape correction. This article provides a discussion on the principle of shape correction and describes the role of various fabrication processes in shape correction. These processes include flattening, leveling, slitting, and cut-to-length.
Proto-flight test of the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar for the Global Precipitation Measurement (2011)

The Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) installed on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core satellite is being developed by JAXA and NICT. This paper describes objectives, technical performance, resource allocation, preliminary design, development model test, critical design and proto-flight test (PFT) of the DPR instrument. The DPR system PFT will be completed in 2011. After completion of all PFT, the DPR instrument will be verified as a space borne radar.
Exploiting upper and lower bounds in top-down query optimization (2002)

System R's bottom-up query optimizer architecture forms the basis of most current commercial database managers. The paper compares the performance of top-down and bottom-up optimizers, using the measure of the number of plans generated during optimization. Top down optimizers are superior according to this measure because they can use upper and lower bounds to avoid generating groups of plans. Early during the optimization of a query, a top-down optimizer can derive upper bounds for the costs of the plans it generates. These bounds are not available to typical bottom-up optimizers since such optimizers generate and cost all subplans before considering larger containing plans. These upper bounds can be combined with lower bounds, based solely on logical properties of groups of logically equivalent subqueries, to eliminate entire groups of plans from consideration. We have implemented such a search strategy, in a top-down optimizer called Columbia. Our performance results show that the use of these bounds is quite effective, while preserving the optimality of the resulting plans. In many circumstances this new search strategy is even more effective than heuristics such as considering only left deep plans.
Planar InP/InGaAs-APD with a guardring formed by Cd diffusion through SiO <sub>2</sub> (1983)

A graded junction, with a breakdown voltage twice as high as that for an abrupt junction, was formed in n-InP by Cd diffusion through SiO2 film. Planar-type InP/InGaAs-APDs with this graded junction for a guardring showed a uniform multiplication gain over the whole sensitive area with no local breakdown. Cd diffusion through SiO2 was revealed to be very useful for formation of the guardring.
Thermodynamic Studies on the Recognition of Flexible Peptides by Transition-Metal Complexes (2002)

Strong and selective binding to a trihistidine peptide has been achieved employing Cu2+−histidine interactions in aqueous medium (25 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.0). When the pattern of cupric ions on a complex matched with the pattern of histidines on the peptide, a strong and selective binding was observed. UV−vis spectroscopic studies show that the cupric ions coordinate to the histidines of the peptides. Thermodynamic studies reveal that the binding process is enthalpy driven over the entire range of working temperature (25−40 °C). An enthalpy−entropy compensation effect was also observed.
Intraarticular Dexamethasone in Advanced Chronic Synovitis in Hemophilia (1997)

From 1988 to 1966, 34 patients with advanced chronic hemophilic synovitis (25 Grade III and nine Grade IV) were treated with intraarticular injections of long acting dexamethasone (sodium phosphate of dexamethasone plus acetate of dexamethasone) in cycles of three injections with 3-week intervals between each injection with 6-month rest intervals between cycles for as many as three cycles, depending on the evolution of each case. All patients had chronic severe synovitis, axial deformity, muscular atrophy, and diminution of range of movement. There were 31 knees, two ankles, and two shoulders. Subjective and objective evaluations were done grouping the results in good, fair, and poor according to grade of patient satisfaction, presence of synovitis and pain, range of movement, and limitation of activities of daily living. In the subjective results there were 19 good results, 12 fair results, and four poor results, and in the objective evaluation there were 22 good results, nine fair results, and four poor results at an average followup of 1.5 years. The use of intraarticular dexamethasone as an alternative in the short to medium term for treatment of advanced chronic hemophilic synovitis with pain and limitation of function before doing an invasive surgical treatment is proposed.
Molecular cloning and amino acid sequence of the precursor form of bovine adrenodoxin: evidence for a previously unidentified COOH-terminal peptide. (1985)

Several recombinant cDNA clones specific for the mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein adrenodoxin have been identified in a bovine adrenocortical cDNA library. One clone (pBAdx4) contains a 900-base-pair insert that includes the entire amino acid coding region of the adrenodoxin precursor protein. The amino acid sequence of mature adrenodoxin deduced from the nucleotide sequence of pBAdx4 is identical with that determined by protein sequencing except for three amide changes. The previously undetermined sequence of the adrenodoxin NH2-terminal precursor segment (58 amino acids) contains several basic residues, a characteristic feature of the precursor segment of proteins destined for mitochondria. In addition, a 14 amino acid extension is present at the COOH terminus of the mature adrenodoxin sequence. Whether this represents a COOH-terminal precursor segment is not clear. Three different adrenodoxin mRNAs are present [1.75, 1.4, and 0.95 kilobase(s) long] in bovine adrenocortical RNA. RNA from bovine corpus luteum, liver, and kidney contains transcripts that hybridize to adrenodoxin cDNA. Accumulation of adrenodoxin mRNA occurs in cultured bovine adrenocortical cells after treatment with ACTH or dibutyryl-cAMP, similar to that observed for the mitochondrial steroid hydroxylases that it services--namely, the cholesterol side-chain-cleavage cytochrome P-450 and the steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450.
Strong, Pure, and Uniform Carbon Fibers Obtained Directly from the Vapor Phase (1993)

With laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition, strong and flexible carbon fibers were obtained at high reaction chamber pressures (> 1 bar) with growth rates > 0.3 millimeter per second; their tensile strength (3 gigapascals) approaches that of commercial intermediate modulus carbon fibers made by conventional process routes. With the process described here, carbon fibers can be produced with superior chemical purity and structural uniformity. They may become the material of choice in currently emerging premium end uses, including carbon fiber infrared detection elements.
A phase 2a, randomized, double‐blind 28‐day study of TZP‐102 a ghrelin receptor agonist for diabetic gastroparesis (2012)

TZP-102 for 28 days, at doses of 10-40 mg once daily, was well-tolerated and resulted in a reduction in symptoms of gastroparesis. The lack of correlation between symptom improvement and gastric emptying change is consistent with previous studies in diabetic gastroparesis, and emphasizes the value of patient-defined outcomes in determining therapeutic benefit.
A novel post-classifier for search engine using hidden Markov model (2003)

Hidden Markov models (HHMs), while well applied in fields such as speech recognition and optical character recognition, have not been used in post-classification for search engines. We explore the use of HMMs for optimization of search engines tasks, specifically focusing on how to construct a new model structure to improve the classification of web pages. We show that a manually constructed new structure model that contains only two states and two classes of observations per field can produce good classification results, and discuss strategies for learning the model structure automatically from data. We also demonstrate that the use of new structure model to classify the search results using some search engines and some different search keywords provide a significant improvement in search accuracy. Our models are applied to the task of post-classifying the web pages selected by the search engine Google, and achieve a classification accuracy of 93.4.
Lipid in Ripening Banana Fruit (1969)

SUMMARY: Lipid extracts were isolated from unripe and ripe banana pulp and peel and the fatty acid composition of the extracts was determined. Unsaturated acids, particularly linoleic and palmitoleic, decreased about 3‐fold in the pulp while more than a 2‐fold increase in stearic acid occurred. In general, unsaturated fatty acids decreased in both the pulp and peel during ripening. The peel contained almost 4 times more lipid than the pulp.
Cognitive Enhancing Agents: Current Status in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (1988)

Extensive recent literature on drugs used to enhance cognitive functioning, reflects the growing social problem of dementia. Many clinical trials have been undertaken with variable success. In most cases the disorder studied has been Alzheimer's disease. The pharmacological approach has been designed to rectify the presumed pathophysiological processes characteristic of the condition. Agents tested include cerebral vasodilators, cerebral metabolic enhancers, nootropics, psychostimulants, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters with a special emphasis on drugs used to enhance cholinergic function. Ethical and practical issues concerning clinical drug trials in dementia will be discussed.