gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neoclassical Theory in America: J. B. Clark and Fisher (1985)

The intellectual breakthroughs that mark the neoclassical revolution in economic analysis occurred in Europe around 1870. The next two decades witnessed lively debates in which the new theory more or less absorbed or was absorbed in the classical tradition that preceded and provoked it. In the 1890s, according to Joseph A. Schumpeter (1954, p. 754) there emerged "a large expanse of common ground and ... a feeling of repose, both of which created, in the superficial observer, an impression of finality -- the finality of a Greek temple that spreads its perfect lines against a cloudless sky." Of course the temple was by no means complete. Its building and decoration continue to this day, even while its faithful throngs worship within. American economists were not present at the creation. To a considerable extent they built their own edifice independently, designing some new architecture in the process. They participated actively in the international controversies and syntheses of the period 1870-1914. At least two Americans were prominent builders of the "temple, " John Bates Clark and Irving Fisher. They and others brought neoclassical theory into American journals, classrooms, and textbooks, and its analytical tools into the kits of researchers and practitioners. Eventually, for better or worse, their paradigm would dominate economic science in this country. This paper discusses their contribution.
Tensile strength of AITC 302-24 grade tension laminations (1986)

On etudie la resistance a la traction et le module d'elasticite de planches utilisees comme couches de tension de poutres lamellees-collees
Hydrogel keratophakia in non-human primates (1981)

We performed sixteen keratophakia procedures in nine non-human primates using various hydrogel lenses (38% to 79% water) as donor corneas (lenticules). The lenses were treated as if they were donor human corneas using currently practiced keratophakia procedures including microkeratome resection of the recipient cornea, staining of the lenses before cryolathing and, in some cases, lathing according to a modified computer program after which the lenses were inserted into a previously dissected recipient lamellar pocket. This technique was able to produce steepening of the cornea up to 44.8 diopters and was well tolerated for over three months. The use of hydrogel lenses could potentially eliminate many of the negative aspects of the use of human donor corneas for the surgical correction of aphakia.
Study for Making Isosorbide Jelly to Increase Compliance (2006)

Pathophysiology of Meniere's disease has been thought to be endolymphatic hydrops. Osmotic diuretics are a reasonable medication for Meniere's disease to reduce the hydrops. Isosorbide (Isobide®) is widely used to treat Meniere's disease. However, some patients with Meniere's disease cannot drink Isosorbide, because of the bitter taste. They feel discomfort of the mouth and throat after drinking. If such discomfort is alleviated, medication compliance should increase. We compared ease of drinking between original liquid Isosorbide (ISO-L) and Isosorbide jelly (ISO-J).Subjects were 12 normal healthy volunteers who had never drunk ISO-L (normal group) and 4 patients with Meniere's disease who had already drunk it (patients group). Each subject drank ISO-L and ISO J. Then they evaluated the score for ease of drinking of both medicines. Score 1; easy to drink, score 2; able to drink with slightly discomfort, score 3; able to drink with severe discomfort, score 4; unable to drink.In 9 of 12 subjects of the normal group, the scores of ISO-J were smaller than those of ISO-L. In all subjects of the normal group, the score of ISO-J was no larger than that of ISO-L. One subject could not drink ISO-L (score 4) but could drink ISO-J (score 3). In 2 of 4 subjects in the patients group, the score of ISO-J was improved over that of ISO-L. However, in one subject the score of ISO-J was larger than that of ISO-L.It was suggested that patients who cannot take ISO-L, can take ISO-J. Jelly formation is useful to increase Isosorbide compliance. To further avoid bitter taste, quick swallowing of ISO-J after chewing twice or three times is needed.
Somatic mosaicism of the CAG repeat expansion in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (1998)

An expanded and unstable CAG repeat in the coding region of the MJD1 gene is the mutation responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia 3/Machado-Joseph disease. In order to determine whether there was a higher degree of instability in affected regions, the size of the expanded CAG repeat was analyzed in different regions of the central nervous system, in two unrelated SCA3/MJD patients. The degree of somatic mosaicism was quantified and compared to that in a SCA1 patient. Instability of the expanded CAG repeat was observed in peripheral tissues as well as in CNS of the three patients, but there was no correlation between the degree of mosaicism and the selective vulnerability of CNS structures. As in the other diseases caused by expanded CAG repeats, a lower degree of mosaicism was found in the cerebellar cortex of both SCA1 and SCA3/MJD patients, probably reflecting specific properties of this structure. In SCA3/MJD, the degree of mosaicism seemed to correlate with age at death rather than with the size of the expanded CAG repeat. Finally, somatic instability was more pronounced in SCA1 than in SCA3/MJD patients.
[Comparison of spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods of determination of galactocerebroside-beta-D-galactosidase in leukocytes]. (1989)

A procedure was developed for estimation of galactocerebroside beta-D-galactosidase activity in leukocytes using a new fluorogenic compound 6-hexadecanoylamino-4-methylum-belliferyl-beta-D-galactop yra noside (HMGal) as a substrate. Some patterns of the fluorometric procedure were compared with corresponding parameters of the spectrophotometric method in which a chromogenic substrate HNGal was used. Sensitivity of the fluorometric procedure with HMGal as a substrate was increased 100-fold as compared with the spectrophotometric method. At the same time, the fluorometric procedure enabled to reduce considerably the incubation period and the cell protein content per an assay. High sensitivity and reproducibility of the procedure with HMGal as a substrate allowed to carry out biochemical diagnosis of Krabbe disease in leukocytes.
Fast adaptive predistortion lineariser using polynomial functions (1993)

Adaptive predistortion is an effective method for linearising high power amplifiers. An important problem faced in the optimisation of a predistortion lineariser is that of convergence into a local minimum. In the Letter, a global optimisation algorithm is presented which uses polynomial predistortion and postdistortion. By using postdistortion of the demodulated signals, objective functions of quadratic shape are obtained and fast convergence to the global minimum is ensured. Computer simulation results are presented which show fast convergence and high spectral improvement.
We Should Prohibit Warfarin in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2015)

International audience
A Simple and Rapid Method for Isolation of High Quality Genomic DNA from Fruit Trees and Conifers Using PVP (1997)

Because DNA degradation is mediated by secondary plant products such as phenolic terpenoids, the isolation of high quality DNA from plants containing a high content of polyphenolics has been a difficult problem. We demonstrate an easy extraction process by modifying several existing ones. Using this process we have found it possible to isolate DNAs from four fruit trees, grape (Vitis spp.), apple (Malus spp.), pear (Pyrus spp.) and persimmon (Diospyros spp.) and four species of conifer, Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis,Taxus cuspidata and Juniperus chinensis within a few hours. Compared with the existing method, we have isolated high quality intact DNAs (260/280 = 1.8-2.0) routinely yielding 250-500 ng/microl (total 7.5-15 microg DNA from four to five tissue discs).
Blue-Light Photoreceptors in Higher Plants (1999)

In the past few years great progress has been made in identifying and characterizing plant photoreceptors active in the blue/UV-A regions of the spectrum. These photoreceptors include cryptochrome 1 and cryptochrome 2, which are similar in structure and chromophore composition to the prokaryotic DNA photolyases. However, they have a C-terminal extension that is not present in photolyases and lack photolyase activity. They are involved in regulation of cell elongation and in many other processes, including interfacing with circadian rhythms and activating gene transcription. Animal cryptochromes that play a photoreceptor role in circadian rhythms have also been characterized. Phototropin, the protein product of the NPH1 gene in Arabidopsis, likely serves as the photoreceptor for phototropism and appears to have no other role. A plasma membrane protein, it serves as photoreceptor, kinase, and substrate for light-activated phosphorylation. The carotenoid zeaxanthin may serve as the chromophore for a photoreceptor involved in blue-light-activated stomatal opening. The properties of these photoreceptors and some of the downstream events they are known to activate are discussed.
Inflammation induced by RAW macrophages suppresses <i>UCP1</i> mRNA induction via ERK activation in 10T1/2 adipocytes (2013)

Recently, it has been demonstrated that uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1)-expressing white adipocytes (brown-like adipocytes) are important for energy expenditure in white adipose tissue (WAT), in which energy expenditure decreases under obese conditions. However, the relationship between the induction of brown-like adipocytes and the decrease in energy expenditure in obese WAT remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that proinflammatory cytokines derived from activated macrophages suppress the induction of UCP1 promoter activity and mRNA expression via an extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) in white adipocytes. The coculture with RAW264.7 (RAW) macrophages suppressed the induction of UCP1 mRNA expression by isoproterenol (ISO), a typical β-adrenergic receptor agonist, in C3H10T1/2 (10T1/2) adipocytes. A conditioned medium derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) also suppressed the induction of UCP1 mRNA but did not affect its mRNA stability. By using a luciferase reporter assay system, the conditioned medium and TNF-α also suppressed the activity of the UCP1 promoter and transcriptional factors binding to the cAMP response element (CRE). Importantly, PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, partially abrogated the suppression of UCP1 promoter activation and mRNA induction. These results indicate that ERK is an important factor in the suppression of UCP1 transcriptional activation in the interaction between white adipocytes and activated macrophages. This report suggests a possible mechanism of the UCP1 transcriptional suppression in white adipocytes associated with obese and diabetic conditions.
Antibiotic production by strains of<i>Gliocladium virens</i>and its relation to the biocontrol of cotton seedling diseases (1993)

Strains of the fungal antagonist Gliocladium virens were separated into two distinct groups on the basis of secondary metabolite production in vitro. Strains of the ‘P’ group produced the antibiotics gliovirin and heptelidic acid but not the antibiotic gliotoxin and its companion, dimethylgliotoxin. Strains of the ‘Q’ group produced gliotoxin and dimethylgliotoxin but not gliovirin or heptelidic acid. Strains from both groups produced the antibiotic viridin and phytotoxin viridiol. Gliovirin was very inhibitory to Pythium ultimum but had no activity against Rhizoctonia solani, and strains that produce it were more effective seed treatment biocontrol agents of disease incited by P. ultimum. Conversely, gliotoxin was more active against R. solani than against P. ultimum, and strains that produced it were more effective seed treatments for controlling disease incited by R. solani. These results indicate that the antibiotic profiles of strains should be considered when screening strains for biocontrol efficacy, and that it may be necessary to treat seeds with a combination of strains in order to broaden the disease control spectrum.
Interleukin 1 induction of the c-jun promoter. (1993)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces pleiotropic effects in many cell types during inflammation and immunity. We have recently shown how the IL-1 signal is transmitted to the nucleus: In T cells and in pituitary cells, IL-1 induced genes via activation of the nuclear factor AP-1. We now demonstrate how IL-1 activates the AP-1 factor in liver cells, which are a major target for IL-1 during the acute phase response in vivo. IL-1 induced gene transcription of both AP-1 components, c-jun and c-fos. IL-1 also increased the stability of c-jun mRNA. We define two enhancer sites in the jun promoter that are required for induction by IL-1. Although the binding sites share some similarity with the AP-1 binding site, the nuclear factors binding the jun motifs are not composed of Jun or Fos proteins. Thus these data identify two binding proteins that serve as one of the first nuclear targets for IL-1 signal transduction.
A fast and secure encryption algorithm for message communication (2007)

The encryption standards such as DES (data encryption standard), AES (advanced encryption standard) and EES (escrowed encryption standard) are widely used to solve the problem of communication over an insecure channel. With advanced technologies in computer hardware and software, these standards seem not to be as secure and fast as one would like. In this paper we propose a fast and secure encryption algorithm using substitution mapping, translation and transposing operations. The proposed symmetric encryption technique has two advantages over traditional schemes. First, the encryption and decryption procedures are much simpler, and consequently, much faster. Second, the security level is higher due to the inherent poly-alphabetic nature of the substitution mapping method used here, together with the translation and transposition operations performed in the algorithm. In this paper, the encryption and decryption procedures are explained and the performance is compared with popular encryption algorithms.
The physical significance of optical rotatory power (1930)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Dopamine transporter expression confers cytotoxicity to low doses of the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (1993)

The uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the active metabolite of the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), was studied in various mammalian cell lines transfected, respectively, with the cloned human and rat dopamine transporters, and compared with rat striatal synaptosome preparations. Only in neuronally derived cell lines such as NG108-15, NS20Y, and SK-N-MC cells did MPP+ have a KM for the cloned transporters comparable to that of dopamine as seen in rat striatal synaptosomes. In non-neuronally derived cells such as COS-7, CHO, and Ltk- cells transiently or permanently expressing the transporters, the KM of MPP+ was at least 10-fold higher. The permanent expression of either the cloned human or rat dopamine transporters conferred to SK-N-MC cells susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of low concentrations of MPP+. The extent of this effect was dependent on the expression level of the dopamine transporters and could be specifically antagonized by the catecholamine uptake inhibitor mazindol. There were no significant differences in the susceptibility to MPP+ of cells expressing similar levels of either the human or rat dopamine transporter. The demonstration for the first time of a quantitative relationship between the cellular expression of the plasma membrane transporter and the extent of the cytotoxic effects of MPP+ suggests that known differences in vulnerability of various brain regions to MPP+ cytotoxicity might be related to their actual content of dopamine uptake sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asymmetrische Induktionen, VI<sup>1)</sup> Bestimmung der absoluten Konfiguration des (+)‐4‐Benzylidencyclohexancarbonsäure‐äthylesters (1974)

Abstract Die Reaktionen von (+)‐(R)‐Benzyliden(methyl)phenyl(propyl)phorphoran (2) mit 4‐Oxocyclohexancarbonsäure‐äthylester führt zum (+)‐4‐Benzylidencyclohexancarbonsäure‐äthylester [(+)‐ 5 ]. Die Konfiguration von (+)‐ 5 konnte durch Korrelieren mit (+)‐( S )‐(4‐Methyl‐cyclohexyliden)methylbenzol [(+)‐ 9 )] bestimmt werden.
Multilevel Voltage-Source-Converter Topologies for Industrial Medium-Voltage Drives (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a technology review of voltage-source-converter topologies for industrial medium-voltage drives. In this highly active area, different converter topologies and circuits have found their application in the market. This paper covers the high-power voltage-source inverter and the most used multilevel-inverter topologies, including the neutral-point-clamped, cascaded H-bridge, and flying-capacitor converters. This paper presents the operating principle of each topology and a review of the most relevant modulation methods, focused mainly on those used by industry. In addition, the latest advances and future trends of the technology are discussed. It is concluded that the topology and modulation-method selection are closely related to each particular application, leaving a space on the market for all the different solutions, depending on their unique features and limitations like power or voltage level, dynamic performance, reliability, costs, and other technical specifications. </para>
Isolation of the first gallium hydrosulphido complex and its facile conversion to a Ga<sub>4</sub>S<sub>4</sub>cubane: X-ray structures of [(Bu<sup>t</sup>)<sub>2</sub>Ga(µ-SH)]<sub>2</sub>and [(Bu<sup>t</sup>GaS]<sub>4</sub> (1991)

The reaction of (But)3Ga with an excess of H2S in pentane at ambient temperature results in the formation of the hydrosulphido bridged dimer [(But)2Ga(µ-SH)]2, 1, which upon mild thermolysis is converted to the cubic tetramer [(But)GaS]42. Compounds 1 and 2 have been characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy and their molecular structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography.
An Efficient Location Verification Scheme for Static Wireless Sensor Networks (2017)

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the accuracy of location information is vital to support many interesting applications. Unfortunately, sensors have difficulty in estimating their location when malicious sensors attack the location estimation process. Even though secure localization schemes have been proposed to protect location estimation process from attacks, they are not enough to eliminate the wrong location estimations in some situations. The location verification can be the solution to the situations or be the second-line defense. The problem of most of the location verifications is the explicit involvement of many sensors in the verification process and requirements, such as special hardware, a dedicated verifier and the trusted third party, which causes more communication and computation overhead. In this paper, we propose an efficient location verification scheme for static WSN called mutually-shared region-based location verification (MSRLV), which reduces those overheads by utilizing the implicit involvement of sensors and eliminating several requirements. In order to achieve this, we use the mutually-shared region between location claimant and verifier for the location verification. The analysis shows that MSRLV reduces communication overhead by 77% and computation overhead by 92% on average, when compared with the other location verification schemes, in a single sensor verification. In addition, simulation results for the verification of the whole network show that MSRLV can detect the malicious sensors by over 90% when sensors in the network have five or more neighbors.
Status and Opportunities of Photovoltaic Inverters in Grid-Tied and Micro-Grid Systems (2006)

This paper reviews the status in industry and academia regarding configurations, topologies, controls, and grid connections in grid-tied and micro-grid PV inverter applications. The paper will discuss the major technical needs to address problems in bringing cost down, increasing efficiency and improving reliability/availability. The paper foresees that new grid interconnection features will have to be integrated more into the inverters, along with the wide-spreading use of distributed generations
Risk Factors for Hip Fractures Occurring in the Hospital (1994)

Risk factors for in-hospital hip fractures among patients aged > or = 65 years were evaluated in a population-based case-control study conducted in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan from 1983 through 1985. There were 129 cases with confirmed in-hospital hip fractures and 234 controls, who were those controls from a previous study in this setting hospitalized on their assigned index date. Study variables were abstracted from the hospital chart. Six factors were independently associated with a significantly increased risk of in-hospital hip fracture: impaired vision (odds ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-3.30), assisted ambulation (odds ratio = 2.12, 95% CI 1.25-3.59), confusion (odds ratio = 2.48, 95% CI 1.37-4.48), psychotropic drug use (odds ratio = 2.02, 95% CI 1.22-3.33), lowest weight tertile (odds ratio = 2.86, 95% CI 1.38-5.92), and prior in-hospital fall (odds ratio = 2.71, 95% CI 1.52-4.82). The risk increased substantially with the number of factors present, from an odds ratio of 4.08 (95% CI 1.56-10.67) for one factor (reference group, no factors) to 82.84 (95% CI 18.6-368.7) for four or more factors (p < 0.001, test for trend). These data underscore the multifactorial etiology of in-hospital hip fracture and suggest that prevention programs need to target multiple risk factors.
Separation and Spectrophotometric Determination of Technetium in Fissium. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation and Spectrophotometric Determination of Technetium in Fissium.R. J. Meyer, R. D. Oldham, and R. P. LarsenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1964, 36, 10, 1975–1979Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60216a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60216a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts