gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PLASMA CHOLECYSTOKININ AND HEPATIC ENZYMES, CHOLESTEROL AND LIPOPROTEINS IN AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE PRODUCTION WORKERS (2000)

Ammonium perfluorooctanoate is a potent synthetic surfactant used in industrial applications. It rapidly dissociates in biologic media to perfluorooctanoate [CF3(CF2)6CO2-], which is the anion of perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA, CF3(CF2)6COOH]. PFOA is a peroxisome proliferator known to increase the incidence of hepatic, pancreas and Leydig cell adenomas in rats. The pancreas acinar cell adenomas may be the consequence of a mild but sustained increase of cholecystokinin as a result of hepatic cholestasis. Although no significant clinical hepatic toxicity was observed, PFOA was reported to have modulated hepatic responses to obesity and alcohol consumption among production workers. To further assess these hypotheses, we examined medical surveillance data of male workers involved in ammonium perfluorooctanoate production in 1993 (n=111), 1995 (n=80) and 1997 (n=74). Serum PFOA was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods. Plasma cholecystokinin was measured (only in 1997) by the use of direct radioimmunoassay. Serum biochemical tests included hepatic enzymes, cholesterol and lipoproteins. Serum PFOA levels, by year, were: 1993 (mean 5.0 ppm, SD 12.2, median 1.1 ppm, range 0.0-80.0 ppm); 1995 (mean 6.8 ppm, SD 16.0, median 1.2 ppm, range 0.0-114.1 ppm); and 1997 (mean 6.4 ppm, SD 14.3, median 1.3 ppm, range 0.1-81.3 ppm). Cholecystokinin values (mean 28.5 pg/ml, SD 17.1, median 22.7 pg/ml, range 8.8-86.7 pg/ml) approximated the assay's reference range (up to 80 pg/ml) for a 12 hour fast and were negatively, not positively, associated with employees' serum PFOA levels. Our findings continue to suggest there is no significant clinical hepatic toxicity associated with PFOA levels as measured in this workforce. Unlike a previously reported observation, PFOA did not appear to modulate hepatic responses to either obesity or alcohol consumption. Limitations of these findings include: 1) the cross-sectional design as only 17 subjects were common for the three surveillance years; 2) the voluntary participation that ranged between 50 and 70 percent; and 3) the few subjects with serum levels > or = 10 ppm.
Frequency Band Analysis of Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signals for Human Emotional State Classification Using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) (2013)

[Purpose] Intelligent emotion assessment systems have been highly successful in a variety of applications, such as e-learning, psychology, and psycho-physiology. This study aimed to assess five different human emotions (happiness, disgust, fear, sadness, and neutral) using heart rate variability (HRV) signals derived from an electrocardiogram (ECG). [Subjects] Twenty healthy university students (10 males and 10 females) with a mean age of 23 years participated in this experiment. [Methods] All five emotions were induced by audio-visual stimuli (video clips). ECG signals were acquired using 3 electrodes and were preprocessed using a Butterworth 3rd order filter to remove noise and baseline wander. The Pan-Tompkins algorithm was used to derive the HRV signals from ECG. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was used to extract statistical features from the HRV signals using four wavelet functions: Daubechies6 (db6), Daubechies7 (db7), Symmlet8 (sym8), and Coiflet5 (coif5). The k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to map the statistical features into corresponding emotions. [Results] KNN provided the maximum average emotion classification rate compared to LDA for five emotions (sadness - 50.28%; happiness - 79.03%; fear - 77.78%; disgust - 88.69%; and neutral - 78.34%). [Conclusion] The results of this study indicate that HRV may be a reliable indicator of changes in the emotional state of subjects and provides an approach to the development of a real-time emotion assessment system with a higher reliability than other systems.
Radiation characteristics of microstrip dipole antennas over a high-impedance metamaterial surface made of Hilbert inclusions (2003)

We analyze numerically the radiation characteristics of center-fed microstrip short dipoles and half-wave dipoles near a high-impedance surface made of Hilbert shape flat inclusions. We study the input impedance, pattern and gain of such radiating structures. We show that the radiation resistance of a microstrip dipole increases noticeably at certain frequencies near the resonant frequency of the Hilbert surface. Moreover, antenna gain enhancement at certain frequencies is observed for all dipole sizes we have analyzed.
A New Approach to the Synthesis of Functionally-substituted Pyrido[2,3-d]indoles (1995)

A new approach to the synthesis of 2-oxo- and 2-amino- 3-cyano-(carbamoyl or ethoxycarbonyl)pyrido[2,3-b]indole (α-carboline) derivatives based on the cyciization of 2-amino-(alkoxy)-3-(β-cyano-β-ethoxycarbonyl)- or 3-(β-cyano-β-carbamoyl)vinylindole derivatives under different conditions has been developed.
Computed tomography angiography for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. (2013)

TAVR planning is among the most complex procedures in radiology. For these patients, meticulous image acquisition and image postprocessing protocols are paramount, and successful patient outcomes depend on attention to clinical detail, protocols, potential pitfalls, and factors that may influence workflow.
Gerätemodelle in Prozesssimulation integrieren (2017)

Die Anbieter von Automatisierungslösungen für prozesstechnische Anlagen sehen sich mit steigenden Anforderungen bezüglich Komplexität, Anlagensicherheit und verkürzten Projektlaufzeiten konfrontiert. Eine Möglichkeit, diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, ist der Einsatz von Simulationstechniken während des kompletten Lebenszyklus einer Anlage. Dies ermöglicht es, Lösungskonzepte frühzeitig zu erproben und Fehler zu identifizieren, bevor die reale Anlage verfügbar ist. Dabei ist es jedoch wichtig, sich nicht nur auf die Simulation von verfahrenstechnischen Vorgängen und Komponenten zu beschränken. Um ein umfassendes und möglichst realitätsnahes Modell der Anlage zu erhalten, müssen ebenso Verhalten und Eigenschaften der verbauten Geräte, wie Sensoren und Aktoren, im Simulationsmodell detailgetreu nachgebildet werden, da diese das Verhalten der Gesamtanlage signifikant beeinflussen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ein Konzept für die Erstellung und Einbindung solcher Simulationsmodelle von Feldgeräten sowie die prototypische Implementierung des zyklischen und azyklischen Kommunikationsverhaltens. Außerdem wurden detaillierte Gerätemodelle erstellt, die produktspezifische Eigenschaften und Funktionen enthalten. Ziel ist es, mit dem Konzept eine Basis zu schaffen, damit Gerätehersteller die Gerätemodelle selbst erstellen können.
Design-oriented analytical study of a linear electromagnetic actuator by means of a reluctance network (2001)

This paper presents an analytical electromagnetic model of a rectilinear actuator. The model is based on a reluctance network, which can be solved with the same techniques as for an electric circuit. The analytical model was originally built to be used with an algorithm of geometric optimization for design purposes. The authors first show the way in which leakage flux are taken into account. They then describe the innovative method they have developed for the reluctance evaluation of different parts of the actuator. The method considers magnetic saturation and flux routes in remarkable cylindrical geometries. The authors also describe an equivalent model of the air gap, which gives the values of force applied on the moving part and the corresponding reluctance value of the air gap. An evaluation of the model accuracy by comparison with a numeric determination (finite elements) makes it possible to carry out further optimizations of the rectilinear actuator. Finally, the authors interpret the model deviations, and they suggest corresponding improvements of the analytical model.
Supporting information-centric functionality in software defined networks (2012)

The Information-Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm is expected to be one of the major innovation of the Future Internet An ICN can be characterized by some key components like: (i) the content-centric request/reply paradigm for data distribution, (ii) route-by-name operations, and (iii) in-network caching. In this paper we focus on a framework for ICN called CONET (COntent NETwork) and in particular on a solution devised under this framework called coCONET. coCONET characteristics make it suitable for deployment in accordance to the Software Defined Networks (SDN) philosophy. In this paper, we will describe how coCONET can be implemented over an OpenFlow (the most popular SDN instantiation, to date) network and how OpenFlow should be modified to better suit the operations of coCONET and, more in general, of ICN solutions.
Automatic Configuration of Complex IPsec-VPNs and Implications to Higher Layer Network Management (2011)

As the Internet emerges to be, not only the most important, but in many areas the only way of efficient communication, it becomes also vital for business and government institutions to securely exchange data via this medium. This led to the development of virtual private networks (VPNs). However, security in this aspect does not only refer to confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and access control, but also availability; a subgoal of increasing importance due to cheap and simple execution of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. In order to increase the DoS-resilience of VPNs, the topology of this overlay network must react flexible to circumvent affected network parts and to reintegrate systems, which become available after the DoS attack ended or have been moved to different address ranges. Therefore, we developed a fully distributed IPsec configuration mechanism, which is able to react to failures dynamically and is yet scalable, efficient, and secure. Nonetheless, the usually required higher layer services do not work in a distributed way. Thus, a failure may still cause availability issues as services like Domain Name System (DNS) may become inaccessible, even though a network connection is still present. This article introduces distributed VPN auto-configuration and goes into detail on distributed network services.
Unassisted refolding of urea unfolded rhodanese (1991)

In vitro refolding after urea unfolding of the enzyme rhodanese (thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1) normally requires the assistance of detergents or chaperonin proteins. No efficient, unassisted, reversible unfolding/folding transition has been demonstrated to date. The detergents or the chaperonin proteins have been proposed to stabilize folding intermediates that kinetically limit folding by aggregating. Based on this hypothesis, we have investigated a number of experimental conditions and have developed a protocol for refolding, without assistants, that gives evidence of a reversible unfolding transition and leads to greater than 80% recovery of native enzyme. In addition to low protein concentration (10 micrograms/ml), low temperatures are required to maximize refolding. Otherwise optimal conditions give less than 10% refolding at 37 degrees C, whereas at 10 degrees C the recovery approaches 80%. The unfolding/refolding phases of the transition curves are most similar in the region of the transition, and refolding yields are significantly reduced when unfolded rhodanese is diluted to low urea concentrations, rather than to concentrations near the transition region. This is consistent with the formation of "sticky" intermediates that can remain soluble close to the transition region. Apparently, nonnative structures, e.g. aggregates, can form rapidly at low denaturant concentrations, and their subsequent conversion to the native structure is slow.
Copolymer Composition Control Policies: Characteristics and Applications (2007)

Characteristics of three classes of copolymer composition control policies are presented and discussed with applications on several typical copolymer systems at the simulation stage. The effects of these policies are shown on polymerization rate, copolymer composition, and molecular weight, branching and sequence length properties. Extensions to terpolymerizations (and hence, other multi‐component polymerizations) are also modeled and presented. Generalized procedures for practical implementation and comparisons among policies are highlighted, and special cases of these policies are investigated.
40.3: High Efficiency Dual Mode Head Up Display System for Vehicle Application (2013)

Abstract HUD image distance from the windshield is an issue subject to investigation. A 7 inches and a 4.5 inches high efficiency HUD unit developed individually for different application scenario have been combined together with different light path length to the windshield, so that the virtual images from these two units float at different distance in front of the windshield. The driver can choose either mode depending on personal convenience or the driving condition.
Open loop system identification of a micro quadrotor helicopter from closed loop data (2011)

Quadrotors are a favorite platform amongst academic researchers. Yet there is limited work present on the identification of Linear Time Invariant (LTI) state space models for quadrotors. This thesis focuses on the development of a 70 gram quadrotor with a maximum dimension of less than 6 inches. An MAV this small is extremely agile and in this case, dynamically unstable. Therefore it requires an active control scheme to stabilize the vehicle's attitude. To develop an effective controller using the vast array of available linear control tools, model knowledge is required. The scope of this thesis is to identify an LTI state space model of the 70 gram quadrotor mentioned about hover. Because the quadrotor is unstable, it cannot be flown without some form of feedback control present. To determine the bare airframe dynamics of a closed loop system, the feedback gains must be turned down as low as possible so as to not distort the natural response. Then the bare airframe dynamics can be calculated from the identified closed loop dynamics if the feedback gains and control law are known. Using the derived open loop system this thesis presents options for controller development for both a stabilizing inner loop, and a station keeping outer loop controller.
Collector-up AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolartransistorsusing oxidised AlAs for current confinement (1996)

The authors describe a novel method for fabricating collector-up AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors. An AlAs layer is inserted into the emitter layer and is oxidised in water vapour at 450°C. The resulting AlAs-oxide serves as a current confining layer that constricts collector current flow to the intrinsic portion of the device. DC devices with typical current gains of 50 are observed.
NEUROMYOARTERIAL GLOMUS TUMOR IN THE EYELID (1941)

The normal glomus has been known to exist in the hands and feet. It is a peculiar anastomosis of arteries and veins, thickened by the presence of smooth muscle fibers, nerve fibers and peculiar epithelioid glomus cells.1It probably shares in the control of the circulation of the blood, particularly in the extremities, and in the regulation of the local and general temperature of the body. The occurrence of benign glomus tumors,2arteriovenous networks surrounded by nerve, muscle and glomus cells elsewhere in the body, suggests that the normal glomus may be present in other areas, but so far no one has been able to demonstrate it. I have studied sections of the skin of the eyelids, and no glomus has been revealed. If any are present, they must be exceedingly uncommon, and none has been reported. I have encountered a neuromyoarterial glomus tumor in the left lower
Current limiter based on melt processed YBCO bulk superconductors (1995)

One of the first applications of YBCO bulk superconductors developed in Spain within the framework of the MIDAS programme was the design and construction of a small inductive fault current limiter. This paper describes the whole process of design and manufacturing of the limiter, starting from the synthesis of the bulk superconductor to achieve a melt textured ring. Transport properties of this material are also described and measured. The second part of the paper describes the current limiter, starting from basic equations and the equivalent circuit which considers the device as a transformer, providing a useful tool for the design and simulation. After a description of the limiter and its main parameters, simulation results are compared to experimental measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ni-Silicide/Si and SiGe(C) Contact Technology for ULSI Applications (2006)

We have investigated the crystalline and electrical properties of Ni silicide/Si and SiGeC contacts for ULSI applications. NiSi/Si contacts promises the contact resistivity as low as 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> Ωcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for both n+- and p+-Si. Degradation of the sheet resistance of NiSi layers critically depends on the annealing time particularly at temperatures ranging from 650°C to 750°C. The enlargement of the Si-exposed region concomitant with the NiSi agglomeration is a dominant factor responsible for the increase in sheet resistance and the activation energy of this process is estimated to be 2.8±0.4 eV. Incorporation of Ge into Ni/Si systems is effective in raising the transformation temperature from NiSi to NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Incorporation of C into NiSi/Si system effectively suppresses the NiSi agglomeration. C introduction also causes the pile-up of B atoms at the NiSi/Si interface, which promises the reduction of the contact resistivity.
Adaptive wavelet graph model for Bayesian tomographic reconstruction (2002)

We introduce an adaptive wavelet graph image model applicable to Bayesian tomographic reconstruction and other problems with nonlocal observations. The proposed model captures coarse-to-fine scale dependencies in the wavelet tree by modeling the conditional distribution of wavelet coefficients given overlapping windows of scaling coefficients containing coarse scale information. This results in a graph dependency structure which is more general than a quadtree, enabling the model to produce smooth estimates even for simple wavelet bases such as the Haar basis. The inter-scale dependencies of the wavelet graph model are specified using a spatially nonhomogeneous Gaussian distribution with parameters at each scale and location. The parameters of this distribution are selected adaptively using nonlinear classification of coarse scale data. The nonlinear adaptation mechanism is based on a set of training images. In conjunction with the wavelet graph model, we present a computationally efficient multiresolution image reconstruction algorithm. This algorithm is based on iterative Bayesian space domain optimization using scale recursive updates of the wavelet graph prior model. In contrast to performing the optimization over the wavelet coefficients, the space domain formulation facilitates enforcement of pixel positivity constraints. Results indicate that the proposed framework can improve reconstruction quality over fixed resolution Bayesian methods.
The design and implementation of a dynamically tailored examination (1977)

Traditionally, examinations have served as evaluation tools for the instructor to aid in assigning grades and to detect concepts not yet mastered by students. Questions requiring more information in the response than just a single word or number can give a better indication of the student's knowledge of the concepts being tested. This type of question is more difficult to grade because the correct answer is not a single word or number, there may be more than one correct answer, or some responses may deserve partial credit. Hand grading of such questions is often inconsistent and laborious. Automatic grading systems have been developed which score responses to complicated problems and analyze student deficiences (e.g., [2], [3]), but these methods may be too time-consuming for use in an interactive environment. An alternate approach to complex grading is to adapt the problems to the abilities of the student. An oral exam is an example of this approach. This paper discusses some problems and solutions of administering an “oral exam” via a computer. Such an exam will be referred to as a “tailored exam”. The tailored exam extends to examinations some of the ideas used in individualized instruction in Computer Assisted Instruction.
Direct comparison of ten quantitative fecal immunochemical tests for hemoglobin stability in colorectal cancer screening (2018)

FIT-specific Hb decay according to ambient temperature and time period between sampling and test evaluation requires careful consideration in the design of FIT-based screening programs.
Behavior modeling in physical and adaptive intelligent services (2014)

A type of services that require human physical actions and intelligent decision making exists in various real fields, such as nursing in hospitals and caregiving in nursing homes. The authors' group call such services “physical and adaptive intelligent services,” and is developing an IT-based system that is aims to assist cooperation and knowledge sharing among staffs. In this paper, we propose a new method for analyzing changes in the behavior of staffs before/after introducing the system. The method is based on probabilistic modeling of staffs' behavior. Using event-logs recorded by the system, behavior models are learned in the form of N-gram models. The method is also used for detection of unusual human behavior in the event-logs.
Phenotype of <i>fatty</i> Due to Gln269Pro Mutation in the Leptin Receptor (<i>Lepr</i>) (1996)

The rat fatty (fa) mutation produces profound obesity of early onset caused by hyperphagia, defective nonshivering thermogenesis, and preferential deposition of energy into adipose tissue. Genetic mapping studies indicate that fa and diabetes (db) are homologous loci in the rat and mouse genomes, respectively. It has been shown that db alleles carry mutations in the Lepr (leptin receptor) gene. This paper describes a point mutation in the fatty allele of Lepr. A nucleotide substitution at position 880 (A-->C) causes an amino acid substitution at position 269 (Gln-->Pro). The mutation generates a novel Msp I site that cosegregates with fa in 1,028 meioses examined in obese F2 progeny from two crosses (Bnx13M and WKYx13M) and is still segregating in three rat colonies. PCR-based mutagenesis was used to introduce the fa mutation into the mouse Lepr cDNA. Transient transfection studies indicate that the mutant Lepr cDNA has greatly reduced binding of leptin (Lep) at the cell surface. These data are strong evidence that the single nucleotide substitution in the fa allele of Lepr (Leprfa) is responsible for the obese phenotype.