gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The recovery and understanding of a line drawing from indoor scenes (1992)

A general procedure for the understanding of a class of indoor scenes is proposed. The suggested algorithm makes use of an extensive 2-D processing of the image that provides a faithful line drawing of the viewed scene. It also uses procedures adequate for the understanding of the 3-D structure and for the recognition of several items in the scene. The approach is specific for indoor scenes, such as corridors, offices, and laboratory rooms, where long straight edges are predominant and vanishing points can be detected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evidence for human thromboxane receptor heterogeneity using a novel series of 9,11‐cyclic carbonate derivatives of prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> (1996)

1. The pharmacological activity of a novel series of 9,11-cyclic carbonate derivatives of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was investigated in various isolated smooth muscle preparations possessing different prostanoid receptor subtypes as well as in human platelets. Since subdivision of thromboxane (TP-) receptors into vascular/smooth muscle and platelet subtypes is a controversial subject, our studies included a human smooth muscle preparation (myometrium) in addition to the widely used rat aorta and human platelets as TP-receptor preparations. 2. Two members of that series, AGN191976 and AGN192093 were found to be highly potent and selective thromboxane-mimetics. AGN191976 and AGN192093 contracted isolated tissues of the rat thoracic aorta with EC50 values of 0.32 +/- 0.08 and 1.30 +/- 0.53 nM, respectively. Both agonists were at least 10 times more potent than the benchmark TP-agonist, U-46619, in this preparation, whilst being at least 500 times less potent at other prostanoid receptors (DP, EP1, EP3, FP, IP) in vitro. 3. In human myometrial strips from pregnant and non-pregnant donors, both AGN191976 and AGN192093 were potent contractile agonists. The rank order of potency in myometrium of AGN191976 > AGN192093 > U-46619 correlated well with that in the rat aorta. In human platelet-rich plasma (PRP), however, AGN191976 had potent proaggregatory activity (EC50 = 16.3 +/- 1.4 nM), which is a TP-receptor-mediated event, whereas AGN192093 was a much weaker agonist (EC50 = 37.9 +/- 2.0 microM). AGN192093 did not behave as an antagonist in the platelets, since it did not antagonize platelet aggregation induced by ADP, arachidonic acid, U-46619 or AGN191976. In human washed platelets, the activity profile of AGN191976 (EC50 = 4.15 +/- 0.52 nM) and AGN192093 (no aggregation up to 10 microM) was similar to that obtained in PRP. 4. The involvement of TP-receptors was verified with the potent TP-antagonist, SQ29548. SQ29548 (0.1 microM in myometrium; 1 microM in aorta; 1 microM and 10 microM in platelets) antagonized responses to U-46619, AGN191976 and AGN192093 as expected. 5. In conclusion, AGN191976 and AGN192093, both 9,11-cyclic carbonate derivatives of PGF2 alpha, were found to be highly potent and selective thromboxane-mimetics in rat vascular and human myometrial smooth muscle. However, only AGN 191976 was a potent agonist at TP-receptors in human platelets. The differential activity of AGN192093 on TP-receptor-mediated events in platelets and smooth muscle provides further evidence for a subdivision of TP-receptors. AGN192093 appears to be a useful tool for the pharmacological distinction of TP-receptor subtypes.
Gate Control of Spin-Orbit Interaction in an Inverted I<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.53</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>G<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.47</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>As/I<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.52</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>A<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.48</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>As Heterostructure (1997)

We have confirmed that a spin-orbit interaction in an inverted I${\mathrm{n}}_{0.53}$G${\mathrm{a}}_{0.47}$As/I${\mathrm{n}}_{0.52}$A${\mathrm{l}}_{0.48}$As quantum well can be controlled by applying a gate voltage. This result shows that the spin-orbit interaction of a two-dimensional electron gas depends on the surface electric field. The dominant mechanism for the change in the spin-orbit interaction parameter can be attributed to the Rashba term. This inverted I${\mathrm{n}}_{0.53}$G${\mathrm{a}}_{0.47}$As/I${\mathrm{n}}_{0.52}$A${\mathrm{l}}_{0.48}$As heterostructure is one of the promising materials for the spin-polarized field effect transistor which is proposed by Datta and Das [Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 665 (1990)].
Localized rifampicin albumin microspheres (1991)

Rifampicin bearing albumin microspheres were prepared. The process variables which could affect the physical characteristics and in vitro release of the drug from the microspheres were optimized. Changes in the original size of the microspheres, namely swelling on exposure to buffer solution pH 7.2 and serum, were monitored. In vivo distribution studies on prepared microspheres revealed that 62 per cent of the drug could be localized in the lungs by controlling microsphere size. Hence, rifampicin bearing albumin microspheres can behave as a reservoir to build up higher local drug concentrations.
Metal-Redox Synthesis of MnBi Hard Magnetic Nanoparticles (2015)

High coercivity MnBi alloy is a promising candidate as earth abundant permanent magnet for energy-critical technologies. We report here a new metal-redox method to synthesize colloidal MnBi nanoparticles, exhibiting a saturation magnetization of 49 emu/g and coercivity of 15 kOe. It is shown that the magnetic properties of the MnBi nanoalloys can be readily modified by precursor stoichiometry, temperature ramp rate, and reaction temperature, making it a versatile scalable strategy for generation of MnBi.
Linguistic Markers of Stance in Early and Advanced Academic Writing (2014)

This article uses corpus methods to examine linguistic expressions of stance in over 4,000 argumentative essays written by incoming first-year university students in comparison with the writing of upper-level undergraduate students and published academics. The findings reveal linguistic stance markers shared across the first-year essays despite differences in students’ educational context, with greatest distinctions emerging between first-year writers and all of the more advance writers. The specific features of stance that point to a developmental trajectory are approximative hedges/boosters, code glosses, and adversative/contrast connectors. The findings suggest methodological and conceptual implications: They highlight the value of descriptive, corpus-based studies of incoming first-year writing compared to advanced academic writing, and they underscore the construction of academic stance—particularly via certain stance features—as a process of delimiting one’s stance in a way that accounts for the views of others.
Nonlinear resistive electric field grading part 1: Theory and simulation (2010)

Nonlinear resistive field grading permits the optimization of designs of ac and dc accessories in medium and high voltage systems. This first article of two introduces the theoretical basics required for a successful application of this modern technology.
A VLSI Tactile Sensing Array Computer (1981)

Here we describe a device that is at once a special purpose parallel computer and a high resolution tactile array sensor. We are interested in extending the technology that gives a robot manipulation system information about contact between the manipulator hand and its environment. We have replaced the passive substrates of earlier tactile sensors with a custom designed LSI device that handles transduction, computing, and communication. Large metal electrodes on the surface of the device are placed in contact with a conductive rubber. Deformations of this elastic material are sensed by measuring changes in its local resistivity. The sensory architecture eases the problem of connecting the transducer and computer by using an array of processors to filter and reduce raw data before communication. Since large arrays covering an entire intact wafer are planned, the design includes backup redundancy for the computing elements, and mechanisms for automatic replacement of failed elements.
Comparative 1-Substituted Imidazole Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozyme-Selective Activities in Human and Mouse Hepatic Microsomes (2007)

Inhibition of cytochrome P450(CYP)-selective reactions in a single human and a single mouse hepatic microsome preparation by fourteen 1-substituted imidazoles provides a simultaneous ranking of reaction susceptibility to a specific imidazole and the relative inhibitory potency of the imidazoles for a given reaction. CYP3A4/5 activity was inhibited (IC(50) <5 microM) by the greatest number of imidazoles, followed closely by CYP2C9. Seven imidazoles exhibited IC(50) values for CYP3A4/5 <0.3 microM (none for CYP2C9) and were exclusively above 300 MW. Nafimidone (MW, 236) exhibited an IC(50) value <0.3 microM towards CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 reactions. CYP2E1 and CYP2A6 were exclusively inhibited (IC(50) <5 microM) by imidazoles with MWs below approximately 200. In general, mouse activities exhibited lower IC(50) values than in human microsomes.
Bell Palsy and Herpes Simplex Virus: Identification of Viral DNA in Endoneurial Fluid and Muscle (1996)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 is the major etiologic agent in Bell palsy.
Design of insulator/AlGaN structures in MIS AlGaN/GaN HFETs for higher device performance (2009)

To improve the device performance of GaN-based Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs), the layer design of MIS AlGaN/GaN HFETs has been investigated by considering the insulator/AlGaN structures as the total barrier layers of MIS HFETs. Since deposition of insulators on AlGaN has proven to change electrical properties of the heterostructures as the increase in AlGaN thickness does, considering the insulator/AlGaN structures as the total barrier layers is effective and indispensable in designing the MIS AlGaN/GaN HFETs. With an increased insulator thickness and decreased AlGaN thickness, where the gate capacitance is kept constant, a high transconductance was successfully obtained that was equivalent to that of HFET, in addition to the reduced gate leakage current in MIS HFETs. Moreover, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based MIS HFETs were revealed to exhibit superior DC characteristics over conventional Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4 </sub>MIS HFETs, which can be ascribed to larger bandgap energy of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> than Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Channel doping design has also been proposed to incorporate into MIS HFETs to modulate the threshold voltage aiming at the same application of depression mode as conventional HFETs. In a MIS HFET with channel doping design, a significantly reduced gate leakage current was obtained with a transconductance and threshold voltage that are kept close to typical values of HFETs, indicating that the device has a potential to replace conventional HFETs. Thus, design of insulator/AlGaN structures and incorporation of channel doping design are the key, with which MIS HFETs exhibiting a low gate leakage current and high transconductance with a desired threshold voltage can be realized.
Six‐Membered Heterocycles: 1,2‐, 1,3‐, and 1,4‐Diazines and Related Systems (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction General Reactivity Relevant Natural/Biological Compounds Synthesis of Pyridazines (1,2-Diazines) Synthesis of Pyrimidines (1,3-Diazines) Synthesis of Pyrazines (1,4-Diazines) Reactivity of Diazines Important Derivatives References
Omega&ndash;3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid Is the Precursor of Neuroprotectin D1 in the Nervous System (2008)

Omega–3 fatty acids cannot be made de novo in the human body. They are derived from linolenic acid (18:3,n–3) and are an essential part of the human diet. A substantial body of research exists indicating the beneficial effects of increased dietary intake of essential omega–3 fatty acids on cardiovascular and brain health. They are required to maintain membrane integrity and necessary for optimal cellular function [1]. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6,n–3) is an essential omega–3 fatty acid obtained from the diet mostly in the form of fish oil and marine algae. It is highly concentrated in membrane phospholipids of the retina and brain [2]. Lipids comprise 22% of the cerebral cortex and DHA is the most abundant omega–3 fatty acid in the phospholipid bilayer of neurons. DHA has been shown to be essential for proper maturation and maintenance of the visual cortex and retina [3]. Free DHA has been shown to limit oxidative-stress induced apoptosis via the production of neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), a transient, yet powerful, signaling molecule. As the name suggests, NPD1 is a potent anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic agent with great neuroprotective utility in multiple disease processes. D1 indicates that NPD1 is the first of presumably several neuroprotective signaling molecules derived from DHA in circumstances of oxidative stress and cellular damage (fig. 1). Enhancing our understanding of and influence on DHA’s endogenous anti-inflammatory signaling potential, including the synthesis of NPD1, will provide a means for developing therapeutic strategies aimed at decreasing the morbidity and mortality of many devastating diseases, including retinal degenerative diseases, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and epilepsy.
Antihirudin antibodies following low-dose subcutaneous treatment with desirudin for thrombosis prophylaxis after hip-replacement surgery: incidence and clinical relevance (2003)

Recombinant hirudin has been found to be immunogenic in patients treated with lepirudin following heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). We assessed the incidence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antihirudin antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 112 patients enrolled in a dose-finding study with desirudin. Patients received desirudin subcutaneously following orthopedic hip surgery at 10 mg twice a day (n = 17), 15 mg twice a day (n = 75), and 20 mg twice a day (n = 20). Of 112 patients, 11 (9.8%) developed antihirudin antibodies independently of the dose. The rate of immunization did not differ from that observed in HIT patients treated with lepirudin (P =.113). Plasma concentrations of desirudin did not differ between antihirudin antibody-positive and -negative patients. Antihirudin antibodies had no impact on incidences of deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism, allergic reactions, and hemorrhage. However, the total number of immunized patients observed was low and so infrequent (but severe) effects of antihirudin antibodies cannot be excluded.
Recursive algorithms for the forward and inverse discrete cosine transform with arbitrary length (1994)

The authors first demonstrate that the forward and inverse discrete cosine transform (DCT, IDCT) can be represented by Chebyshev polynomials of the third and second kind, respectively. Then, they derive recursive algorithms for the DCT and IDCT with arbitrary length from the recursive formulae for the Chebyshev polynomials. The proposed algorithms are particularly suitable for VLSI implementation using array processing architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The car: just a Web browser with tires (2001)

Automakers are working at equipping vehicles with not only Internet access but also such services as on-demand emergency assistance, navigation, and traffic reports. To provide access to these services and the hardware needed to deliver them, software developers and automotive electronics engineers are collaborating on voice recognition and speech synthesis interfaces. Everyone agrees, it seems, that by using speech to control equipment, distractions will be minimal and drivers can keep their hands and eyes devoted to the wheel and the road. For rear seat passengers, where distraction is a plus if it prevents the plaintive "Are we there yet?," automobile manufacturers aim to supply Internet access, and entertainment delivered by DVD, CD-ROM, or the Internet, depending on quality desired for whatever content is delivered. Most major vehicle manufacturers worldwide agree that the vehicle will be connected to the Internet. Popular demand is the key. One ultimate application is all it will really take for consumers to insist on Internet connectivity in their cars.
HTLV-1 and -2 envelope SU subdomains and critical determinants in receptor binding (2004)

The first 160 residues of the HTLV-1 and -2 mature cleaved SU fold as autonomous domains that contain all the determinants required for binding the HTLV receptor.
[HPLC of oligodeoxyribonucleoside phosphorothioates ]. (1997)

Conditions are described for the separation of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleoside phosphorothioates by HPLC using a SCOUT WP PEI weak anion exchanger and for the separation of oligodeoxyribonucleotides with mixed phosphate and phosphorothioate internucleotide bonds on a Partisphere C18 support in ion-pair conditions. The influence of the nucleoside composition and the number of phosphorothioate bonds on the retention time was studied.
Polymer‐spray mass spectrometric detection and quantitation of hydrophilic compounds and some narcotics (2017)

Organosiloxane polymers achieve more sensitive analysis than paper, allowing for more accurate quantitation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug compounds. The ability to tailor the polymer polarity and porosity allows for the synthesis of a wide range of polymers, and thus opens many possibilities for further development and applications.
Organometallic Reactivity on a Calix[4]arene Oxo Surface. The Stepwise Migratory Insertion of Carbon Monoxide and Isocyanides into Zirconium−Carbon Bonds Anchored to a Calix[4]arene Moiety (1997)

The present report deals with the multistep migratory insertion of carbon monoxide and isocyanides into the metal−carbon bonds of the ZrR2 fragment anchored to a tetroxo matrix, defined by the dimethoxycalix[4]arene dianion [p-But-calix[4]-(OMe)2(O)2]2-. The relevant differences between the two fragments [p-But-calix[4]-(OMe)2(O)2Zr]2+ and [Cp2Zr]2+ are experimentally proven and theoretically interpreted. Unlike those for [Cp2Zr]2+ derivatives, the reaction of CO with [p-But-calix[4]-(OMe)2(O)2ZrR2] [R = Me, 1; CH2Ph, 2; p-MeC6H4, 3] proceeds via a two-step migration directly to the (R = Me, 4; CH2Ph, 5; p-MeC6H4, 6). The Zr−C functionality in 4−6 maintains its inserting capability in the reaction with ketones, i.e., Ph2CO, leading to the diolate derivative [p-But-calix[4]-(OMe)2(O)2Zr{OC(R2)C(Ph2)O}] (8, R = p-MeC6H4), or with ButNC, forming [p-But-calix[4]-(OMe)2(O)2Zr{OC(Me2)C(CNBut)N(But)}] (7). The reaction of 1−3 with ButNC proceeds through two different pathways, depending on the temperature and the R substituent at the metal. The first one leads to the η2-metal-bonded imine [p-But-calix[4]-(OMe)2(O)2Zr{η2-N(But)C(R2)}] [ R = Me, 12; CH2Ph, 13], which inserts two additional molecules of ButNC to give a metalladiazacyclopentane, [p-But-calix[4]-(OMe)2(O)2Zr{N(But)C(Me2)C(CNBut)N(But)}] (14). The second pathway led, at low temperature, to the bis-η2-iminoacyls [p-But-calix[4]-(OMe)2(O)2Zr{η2-N(But)C(R)}2] [R = Me, 15; p-MeC6H4, 16], which at 60 °C couple to the corresponding enediamido ligand in [p-But-calix[4]-(OMe)2(O)2Zr{N(But)C(R)C(R)N(But)}] [R = Me, 17; p-MeC6H4, 18]. The coupling of 15 and 16 showed first order kinetics in both cases and allowed the calculation of the corresponding activation parameters. The most significant differences between [p-But-calix[4]-(OMe)2(O)2Zr]2+ and [Cp2Zr]2+ have been interpreted on the basis of the frontier orbital sets of the two fragments.
Suppressive Effect of Iron on in vitro Lymphocyte Function: Formation of Iron Polymers as a Possible Explanation (1985)

The evidence presented here indicates that ferric citrate inhibits both the phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation and the formation of E rosettes by T lymphocytes. These inhibitory effects are only observed in the presence of ferric citrate with a metal to ligand molar ratio of (1:1) but not with ferric citrate (1:20) or sodium citrate. Since ferric citrate (1:1) at a physiological pH tends to hydrolyze and polymerize, we suggest that the inhibitory effect is mediated by the formation of iron polymers.
CoAP over BLE-GATT for OCF (2017)

As the use of IoT devices is explosively increasing in everyday life, OCF has tried to make a specification to give interoperability between IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a new packet format and a new GATT service definition to support CoAP messages over BLE transmission for the OCF specification. Also, OCF resources in the CoAP packets can be exchanged between OCF devices via BLE-GATT protocol when multiple applications are simultaneously run in a device.
Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor and Elafin/Trappin-2 (2010)

Elafin and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) are pleiotropic molecules chiefly synthesized at the mucosal surface that have a fundamental role in the surveillance against microbial infections. Their initial discovery as anti-proteases present in the inflammatory milieu in chronic pathologies such as those of the lung suggested that they may play a role in keeping in check extracellular proteases released during the excessive activation of innate immune cells such as neutrophils. This soon proved to be a simplistic explanation, as other functions were also soon ascribed to these molecules (antimicrobial, modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, regulation of tissue repair). Data emanating from patients with chronic pathologies (in the lung and elsewhere) have shown that SLPI and elafin are often inactivated in inflammatory secretions, either through the action of host or microbial products, justifying attempts at antiprotease supplementation in clinical protocols. Although these have been sparse, proof of principle has been demonstrated, and future challenges will undoubtedly rest with improvements in methods of delivery in the context of tissue inflammation and in careful selection of patients more likely to benefit from SLPI/elafin augmentation.
Methods of isolation and purification of bovine and rat osteocalcin. (1989)

Measurement of osteocalcin (a bone protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, GLA-P) in the biological liquids and tissues is of interest for studying the mechanisms of bone diseases. It is also helpful in making a diagnosis and in following up the patients with diseases in which the osseous system is affected. Methods have been worked out for isolation and purification of osteocalcin from bovine and rat femur in order to use the purified substance as a starting material for developing radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems for each of these osteocalcins. The work went through the following stages: the processing of the femur bone, preparation of the 200 microns bone powder, demineralization of the powder, and concentration of the bone extract, purification of the extract by molecular exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and repurification to the product by ion exchanger chromatography in NaCl linear gradient, on DEAE Sephadex A-25. The purity of the substance obtained was tested by disk electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The bovine and rat osteocalcins obtained had the adequate purity for being used as RIA reagents.