gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On orchestrating virtual network functions (2015)

Middleboxes or network appliances like firewalls, proxies, and WAN optimizers have become an integral part of today's ISP and enterprise networks. Middlebox functionalities are usually deployed on expensive and proprietary hardware that require trained personnel for deployment and maintenance. Middleboxes contribute significantly to a network's capital and operational costs. In addition, organizations often require their traffic to pass through a specific sequence of middleboxes for compliance with security and performance policies. This makes the middlebox deployment and maintenance tasks even more complicated. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is an emerging and promising technology that is envisioned to overcome these challenges. It proposes to move packet processing from dedicated hardware middleboxes to software running on commodity servers. In NFV terminology, software middleboxes are referred to as Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). It is a challenging problem to determine the required number and placement of VNFs that optimize network operational costs and utilization, without violating service level agreements. We call this the VNF Orchestration Problem (VNF-OP) and provide an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation with implementation in CPLEX. We also provide a dynamic programming based heuristic to solve larger instances of VNF-OP. Trace driven simulations on real-world network topologies demonstrate that the heuristic can provide solutions that are within 1.3 times of the optimal solution. Our experiments suggest that a VNF based approach can provide more than 4 χ reduction in the operational cost of a network.
The algebraic eigenvalue problem (1965)

Theoretical background Perturbation theory Error analysis Solution of linear algebraic equations Hermitian matrices Reduction of a general matrix to condensed form Eigenvalues of matrices of condensed forms The LR and QR algorithms Iterative methods Bibliography Index.
评《康德哲学中的行为原则》一书 (1981)

康德既没有在他的道德哲学中,也没有在他的《人本学》中,“提出过一种详细的理性的行为哲学”,这是近现代有关康德的文献一向感到遗憾的事情。放在我们面前的F.考尔巴赫的这本全面解释康德的书的标题,却一下子就使我们感到不胜惊讶,因为它谈的竟完全是康德哲学中的“行为原则”问题。多年来他发表了一大批论康德哲学的书籍和文章,这些著作不但证明了他是最杰出的康德解释者之一,也证明了他是一个最坚持己见的人。当然他也知道,康德本人“并没有很明显地使行动的概念成为他的哲学的论题”。然而康德哲学的“论述”却贯穿着“能交织出一种行为理论的线索”;他甚至认为
Image collection taxonomies for photo-book auto-population with intuitive interaction (2008)

We demonstrate a system for automatic image selection for photobook creation, along with an intuitive user interface for fine tuning of the selection results. A versatile image collection representation is introduced, which allows for automatic scalable selection in order to target a specific image count for a predetermined size photobook. The images are selected based on their relevance, while preserving a good coverage of the event (time plus people) in order to maintain the storytelling potential of the selection. The selected images are laid out and presented to the user through an Adobe Flex user interface, which allows them to select images and swap them by semantically related ones, in an intuitive manner. The final result is output to a PDF file.
Guanidinate Complexes of Heavier Alkaline‐Earth Metals (Ca, Sr): Syntheses, Structures, Styrene Polymerization and Unexpected Reaction Behaviour (2005)

Abstract The guanidinate complex [Ca{(Cy)N–C{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }–N(Cy)} 2 ] can be prepared in good yields and in crystalline purity by two different routes: 1) addition of [Ca{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 ] to (Cy)N=C=N(Cy) or 2) addition of KN(SiMe 3 ) 2 to (Cy)N=C=N(Cy) followed by a metathesis reaction of the obtained potassium guanidinate complex with CaI 2 . Crystallization from Et 2 O yielded [Ca{(Cy)N–C[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ]–N(Cy)} 2 · (Et 2 O)] ( 1 ), which shows a C 2 ‐symmetric structure in the crystal. A Sr analogue could be prepared likewise and also crystallizes as the mono‐etherate [Sr{(Cy)N–C{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }–N(Cy)} 2 · (Et 2 O)] ( 2 ) with a very similar crystal structure. The Schlenk equilibrium between ( 1 ) and [Ca{α‐(Me 3 Si)‐ o ‐(Me 2 N)‐benzyl} 2 · (THF) 2 ] ( 3 ) in benzene is not completely on the heteroleptic side; however, an excess of ( 1 ) yields predominantly the heteroleptic benzylcalcium complex [Ca{(Cy)N–C{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }–N(Cy)}{α‐(Me 3 Si)‐ o ‐(Me 2 N)‐benzyl}] ( 4 ). Styrene polymerization with this mixture results largely in atactic polystyrene of which the molecular weight distribution shows a tailing in the lower range. This could be due to decomposition of the guanidinate ligand under the given polymerization conditions. It is shown that heating a mixture of 1 and 3 gives the crystalline decomposition product [Ca{(Cy)N–C{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }–N(Cy)}{(Cy)(TMS)N}] ( 5 ), which crystallizes as a dimer with bridging amide ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The estimation of aerial radiation patterns from limited near-field measurements (1963)

A series expression for the near-field radiation pattern of an aerial obtained with a directive measuring aerial in a two-dimensional system is derived from a cylindrical-mode expansion of the radiated field. Patterns calculated from this series show better agreement with experimental results at shorter ranges than is provided by previous series evaluations. An inversion of the first few terms of this series suggests a convenient technique for the determination of the radiation pattern from near-field measurements. Calculations based on this method of inversion indicate that the approximate shape of the pattern may be obtained with relatively little effort from the near-field pattern yielded by a small measuring aerial at a range of a2/λ, where a is the aperture length of the transmitting aerial. At ranges considerably shorter than a2/λ, a more directive measuring aerial, which provides a closer initial approximation to the far-field pattern, has the advantage of reducing the amount of calculation required.
The Effect of Pistacia vera L. Gum Extract on Oxidative Damage during Experimental Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats (2005)

Oxygen free radicals may be implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia reperfusion damage. As the antioxidant effects of some species of Pistacia have been reported, the protective effects of Pistacia vera L. gum extract (0.1-0.5 g/kg) on oxidative damage following cerebral ischemia were studied in rats. Ischemia was induced using four-vessel occlusion model and evaluated using measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant power in hippocampus. MDA and antioxidant power were assayed with the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) tests, respectively. The extract and saline were administered intraperitoneally 10 min subsequent to ischemia. Results have shown that the MDA level increased by 47% and antioxidant power decreased by 117% in control group in comparison with sham-operated animals (P< 0.001). Treatment with P. vera L. gum extract significantly and in a non-dose-dependent manner reduced brain MDA level by 63% (P<0.001) and increased antioxidant power of brain by 235% (P<0.001) in comparison to the controls. P. vera L. gum comprised of saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. According to these results, it is suggested that P. vera gum may exhibit neuroprotective effects against ischemia. Iran. Biomed. J. 9 (4): 181-185, 2005
Leukotrienes and Other Eicosanoids as Mediators of Airway Obstruction (1986)

Prostaglandins and related compounds comprise an ubiquitous biological system which utilizes arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) as a common cellular precursor to synthesize a great number of substances with a broad range of activities, including participation in the cellular and humoral events of inflammation and allergy. Briefly, prostaglandins and thromboxanes (TX) are formed in reactions initiated by the aspirin-sensitive fatty acid cyclooxygenase, whereas leukotrienes (LT) and several other compounds are generated by different lipoxygenases present in human tissues. In the field of asthma, the mast cell-derived PGD2 alpha, as well as PGF2 alpha and TXA2 are known as reasonably potent bronchoconstrictors, and asthmatics are remarkably hyperreactive to inhalation of PGF2 alpha. However, the therapeutic failure of aspirin and related cyclooxygenase inhibitors in the treatment of asthma suggests that these compounds are less likely to be primary mediators. On the other hand, several lines of evidence indicate that three closely related leukotrienes, LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4, previously known as slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), have the potential to be major mediators of the airway perturbations characteristic of bronchial asthma. Thus, as documented both in experimental animals and in man, these leukotrienes are exquisitely potent in causing bronchial smooth muscle contraction, mucosal edema, and secretion of mucus into the lumen. In particular, LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 have been linked to allergic asthma because allergen challenge is a potent stimulus for their release from, e.g., lung tissue of asthmatics. In fact, it has been documented that inhibition of leukotriene formation can block allergen-induced contractions of isolated human bronchi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Application of the Virial Theorem to Equilibria of Toroidal Plasmas (1964)

Necessary conditions for equilibrium of a current-carrying toroidal plasma are derived under the assumption of azimuthal symmetry. It is demonstrated that an azimuthally symmetric toroidal plasma can be in equilibrium only if an additional transverse magnetic field is present, which absorbs the expanding force of the plasma. An expression of parabolic pressure distribution is obtained, when the plasma minor radius is much smaller than the major radius. Stability criterion of the plasma ring against displacement is discussed. The weak focusing can be employed to stabilize the plasma ring.
Roles of Protein Kinase C and Actin-Binding Protein 280 in the Regulation of Intracellular Trafficking of Dopamine D3 Receptor (2007)

D(3) dopamine receptor (D(3)R) is expressed mainly in parts of the brain that control the emotional behaviors. It is believed that the improper regulation of D(3)R is involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. Desensitization of D(3)R is weakly associated with G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)/beta-arrestin-directed internalization. This suggests that there might be an alternative pathway that regulates D(3)R signaling. This report shows that D(3)R undergoes robust protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent sequestration that is accompanied by receptor phosphorylation and the desensitization of signaling. PKC-dependent D(3)R sequestration, which was enhanced by PKC-beta or -delta, was dynamin dependent but independent of GRK, beta-arrestin, or caveolin 1. Site-directed mutagenesis of all possible phosphorylation sites within the intracellular loops of D(3)R identified serine residues at positions 229 and 257 as the critical amino acids responsible for phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced D(3)R phosphorylation, sequestration, and desensitization. In addition, the LxxY endocytosis motif, which is located between residues 252 and 255, was found to play accommodating roles for PMA-induced D(3)R sequestration. A continuous interaction with the actin-binding protein 280 (filamin A), which was previously known to interact with D(3)R, is required for PMA-induced D(3)R sequestration. In conclusion, the PKC-dependent but GRK-/beta-arrestin-independent phosphorylation of D(3)R is the main pathway responsible for the sequestration and desensitization of D(3)R. Filamin A is essential for both the efficient signaling and sequestration of D(3)R.
Optical Proximity Sensor Using Multiple Cones Of Light For Measuring Surface Shape (1984)

A noncontact multilight source optical proximity sensor that can measure the distance, orientation, and curvature of a surface has been developed. Beams of light are sequentially focused from the ends of fiber optic cables onto a target surface. An analog light sensor a planar pin diode area sensor chip measures the position of the spots of light on the surface, and the 3-D locations of the spots are computed by triangulation. By fitting a surface to a set of points, the distance, orientation, and curvature of the target surface are calculated. The number of light sources and their positions and orientations were chosen so that the uncertainty in the measurement of distance would be within 0.05 mm and the uncertainty in surface orientation would be within 1.0 °. Since there are no moving parts and the spot position sensor chip outputs the position of the spot directly without scanning its field of view, fast opera-tion of the proximity sensor can be realized. Earlier prototype versions of the sensor can give approximately 1000 measurements of distance and orientation per second with precision of 0.07 mm for distance and 1.5 ° for surface orientation. This proximity sensor will be useful for such applications as tracing an object surface by a robot manipulator with a specified distance and orientation relative to the surface.
A Survey of Discretization Techniques: Taxonomy and Empirical Analysis in Supervised Learning (2012)

Discretization is an essential preprocessing technique used in many knowledge discovery and data mining tasks. Its main goal is to transform a set of continuous attributes into discrete ones, by associating categorical values to intervals and thus transforming quantitative data into qualitative data. In this manner, symbolic data mining algorithms can be applied over continuous data and the representation of information is simplified, making it more concise and specific. The literature provides numerous proposals of discretization and some attempts to categorize them into a taxonomy can be found. However, in previous papers, there is a lack of consensus in the definition of the properties and no formal categorization has been established yet, which may be confusing for practitioners. Furthermore, only a small set of discretizers have been widely considered, while many other methods have gone unnoticed. With the intention of alleviating these problems, this paper provides a survey of discretization methods proposed in the literature from a theoretical and empirical perspective. From the theoretical perspective, we develop a taxonomy based on the main properties pointed out in previous research, unifying the notation and including all the known methods up to date. Empirically, we conduct an experimental study in supervised classification involving the most representative and newest discretizers, different types of classifiers, and a large number of data sets. The results of their performances measured in terms of accuracy, number of intervals, and inconsistency have been verified by means of nonparametric statistical tests. Additionally, a set of discretizers are highlighted as the best performing ones.
A Facile Synthesis of 5′-<i>O</i>,6-Cyclo-5,5-dihalogeno-5,6-dihydropyrimidine Nucleosides (1987)

Treatment of 2′,3′-O-isopropylidenepyrimidine nucleosides (1; uridine and cytidine) with excess N-halogenosuccinimides in an aprotic solvent at ambient temperature results in the exclusive formation of the corresponding 5′-O,6-cyclo-5, 5-dihalogeno-5,6-dihydro-2′,3′-O-isopropylidenepyrimidine nucleosides 2.
Is it time to drag tech jobs out of Silicon Valley? - [Careers] (2020)

SILICON VALLEY CONTINUES TO DOMINATE. In every study I've seen, it has the lion's share of tech jobs. Its engineers command the highest salaries. This is despite the fact that over the years, various regions in the United States and worldwide have pitched themselves as the “next Silicon Valley” (or “Silicon Glen” or “Silicon Fen.”) Some have indeed increased their pool of tech jobs. But none have really become a serious technology hub, outside of Boston, Seattle, San Diego, and North Carolina's Research Triangle.
Development and evaluation of a urine protein expert system (1996)

Based on the quantitative determination of creatinine, total protein, albumin, alpha 1-microglobulin, IgG, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and N-acetyl-beta, D-glucosaminidase in urine in combination with a test strip screening, the findings of hematuria, leukocyturia, and proteinuria can be assigned to prerenal, renal, or postrenal causes. Using this graded diagnostic strategy as a knowledge base, we developed a computerbased expert system for urine protein differentiation ("UPES") as a decision-supporting tool. The knowledge base was implemented as a combination of "if/then" rules and two-step bivariate distance classification of marker proteins. The knowledge for this form of pattern recognition was derived from the results for a set of 267 patients with clinically and histologically documented nephropathies. To determine the diagnostic value of UPES, we tested another set of data: results for 129 urine analyses from 94 patients. Using these data, the system reached 98% concordance with the clinical diagnoses for the patients and was superior to the diagnostic interpretations of four human experts. UPES has been successfully integrated into the laboratory routine process, including automated data import.
CXCIX.—Studies in emulsions. Part III. Further investigations on the reversal of type by electrolytes (1921)

S. S. Bhatnagar, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1921, 119, 1760 DOI: 10.1039/CT9211901760
Comparative Study of Different Intraoperative 3-D Image Intensifiers in Orthopedic Trauma Care (2009)

Although the Iso-C 3D imaging system was superior in delineating the joint surfaces, the image quality, and the overall clinical applicability, the study revealed that both devices provided 3D images with sufficient quality to the surgeon to assess clinically relevant questions, including the quality of fracture reduction and implant positioning. On the other hand, the Ziehm Vario 3D is capable of doing scans of the shoulder area, which could not be taken with the Siemens Iso-C 3D because of the isocentric design.
Resonant converter with current controlled inductances (2004)

This paper presents an improved multi-channel high frequency platform operating at 700 kHz, suitable for server power supplies. It is focused on a new primary regulation loop and very high frequency magnetics for improved efficiency and EMI. In particular the benefits of multiple gapped toroids and the new single layer uniform toroidal transformer are addressed.
Properties of cellulose separators for alkaline secondary batteries (2002)

This paper discusses some of the properties of cellulose which influence the performance of battery separators. A review of the viscose process used to manufacture cellulosic separators is given as well as a look at using the viscose process to produce separator composites.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pipelined FPGA Adders (2010)

Integer addition is a universal building block, and applications such as quad-precision floating-point or elliptic curve cryptography now demand precisions well beyond 64 bits. This study explores the trade-offs between size, latency and frequency for pipelined large-precision adders on FPGA. It compares three pipelined adder architectures: the classical pipelined ripple-carry adder, a variation that reduces register count, and an FPGA-specific implementation of the carry-select adder capable of providing lower latency additions at a comparable price. For each of these architectures, resource estimation models are defined, and used in an adder generator that selects the best architecture considering the target FPGA, the target operating frequency, and the addition bit width.
Research and development of cancer chemopreventive agents in China (1997)

Since the late 1970s, a comprehensive search for cancer chemopreventive agents has been established in our Institute. A series of new retinoids have been synthesized and screened on the basis of established methodologies of experimental chemoprevention in vitro as well as in vivo. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that N-4-(carboxyphenyl)retinamide (RII) induces cell differentiation of HL-60 cells and inhibits dimethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis of the forestomach in mice, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced papilloma in mouse skin, and DMBA-induced carcinogenesis of the buccal pouch in Syrian golden hamsters. It significantly promoted lymphoblastic transformation and activated macrophages. In further studies, RII significantly inhibited ornithine decarboxylase activity. After 6 months of chronic toxicological studies in rats and dogs, RII was recommended for clinical trial. Phase II studies found that RII is effective in treating oral and vulvar leukoplakia. It is also effective in treating myelodysplastic syndrome and dysplasia of uterine cervix. The chalcone retinoidal compounds were discovered when the search for new retinoids with less toxicity and higher potency led to third-generation retinoids, which were synthesized and screened. Structure-activity relationship studies found that 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-4-carboxyl chalcone (R9158) is the most active inhibitor of a variety of cancer cells. It has no effect on the Colony Forming Unit-Granulocyte/Macrophage (CFU-GM) of bone marrow in mice. In in vivo studies, R9158 showed a remarkable inhibition of chondrosarcoma in rats. It had no cross-resistance to vincristine, but was cross-resistant to all-trans retinoic acid. Red ginseng, a processed Panax ginseng, is considered a typical tonic in traditional Chinese medicine. Our studies demonstrated that red ginseng extract inhibited DMBA-induced skin papilloma significantly. Experiments showed that glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. It also inhibited epidermal ornithine decarboxylase as well as the rapid DNA damage induced by the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Our pharmacological studies demonstrated that Chinese gallotannin inhibited the malignant transformation of B[a]P-induced V79 cells in vitro and B[a]P-induced pulmonary adenoma in A/J mice in vivo significantly.
Oxygen pressure-tuned epitaxy and optoelectronic properties of laser-deposited ZnO films on sapphire (1999)

Influence of oxygen pressure on the epitaxy, surface morphology, and optoelectronic properties has been studied in the case of ZnO thin films grown on sapphire (0001) by pulsed-laser deposition. Results of Rutherford backscattering and ion channeling in conjunction with atomic force microscopy clearly indicate that the growth mode, degree of epitaxy, and the defect density strongly depend on the oxygen background pressure during growth. It is also found that the growth mode and the defects strongly influence the electron mobility, free-electron concentration, and the luminescence properties of the ZnO films. By tuning the oxygen pressure during the initial and the final growth stages, smooth and epitaxial ZnO films with high optical quality, high electron mobility, and low background carrier concentration have been obtained. The implication of these results towards the fabrication of superlattices and controlled n- and p-type doping is discussed.
Somatosensory Pulsatile Tinnitus Syndrome: Somatic Testing Identifies a Pulsatile Tinnitus Subtype That Implicates the Somatosensory System (2008)

A new tinnitus syndrome is described: high-pitched, cardiac-synchronous tinnitus, whose pulsations are suppressed by strong contractions or compressions of the neck and jaw muscles (somatic testing). 14 cases, 6 non-lateralized and 8 unilateral, are reported. In the non-lateralized cases, onset was bilateral. In the one intermittent case, while her tinnitus was absent her pulsatile tinnitus could be induced by somatic testing. No etiology was found from physical examination, imaging, or ancillary testing. Because these cases of pulsatile tinnitus can be both induced and suppressed by activation of the somatosensory system of the head or upper lateral neck, we propose that this syndrome is occurring from (a) cardiac synchronous somatosensory activation of the central auditory pathway or (b) failure of the somatosensory-auditory central nervous system interactions to suppress cardiac somatosounds.