gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens in the Surgical Patient (2000)

Staphylococci and enterococci are the most common pathogens in surgical-site and bloodstream infections. The emergence of drug resistance among these gram-positive bacteria thus poses a substantial threat to patients with surgical infections. Resistance to methicillin/oxacillin is frequently observed in Staphylococcus aureus isolates and is often accompanied by multidrug resistance. Vancomycin is usually the treatment of choice for infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), so the recent appearance of S. aureus isolated with intermediate sensitivity to vancomycin is cause for concern. Vancomycin resistance has already appeared in most species of enterococci. Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are associated with increased mortality compared to infections caused by vancomycin-sensitive isolates. Measures for preventing vancomycin resistance include reducing the use of vancomycin and other agents that appear to be associated with VRE, including third-generation cephalosporins and anti-anaerobic drugs. Third-generation cephalosporins have also been implicated in the increased prevalence of MRSA infections. Prudent use of existing antibiotics is an essential strategy for combating the rising tide of drug-resistant gram-positive pathogens.
Autistic children and their first-degree relatives: relationships between serotonin and norepinephrine levels and intelligence (1990)

Whole-blood serotonin (5-HT) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were studied in 16 autistic children, 21 siblings of autistic children, and 53 parents of autistic children. Both plasma NE and whole-blood 5-HT were negatively correlated with vocabulary performance. Whole-blood 5-HT and plasma NE did not differ between autistic children with or without histories of self-injurious behavior or decreased pain sensitivity. Eighteen subjects were hyperserotonemic (whole-blood 5-HT greater than 270 ng/ml). For these subjects, plasma NE was significantly higher than for subjects without hyperserotonemia. Seven of 10 families with one hyperserotonemic member had two or more hyperserotonemic members. Observations of familiarity of whole-blood 5-HT suggest that larger-scale and more focused study of whole-blood 5-HT as a possible genetic marker may be productive.
Wireless sensor intrusion detection system based on the theory of evidence (2011)

According to the feature that normal data and abnormal data in wireless sensor networks have no significant difference, this paper proposes intrusion detection model based on D-S evidence theory. Intrusion detection model views the standard deviation between data flow and historical data of each sensor as intrusion detection feature value, and then all these values treated as a group of data will be clustered. At last, the model fuses the clustering results by using D-S evidence theory to obtain a comprehensive assessment result, which can reflect the security of the sensor. The way of this algorithm to recognize the target is similar to human thinking, with high reliability, and has obvious advantages on computational complexity.
Crystal structure and substrate-binding mode of the mycoestrogen-detoxifying lactonase ZHD from Clonostachys rosea (2014)

The mycotoxin zearalenone binds to a deep pocket of the dimeric lactonase in a bent conformation, revealing specific enzyme–substrate interactions.
THE FIRST GREEK JEW (1957)

Journal Article THE FIRST GREEK JEW Get access D. M. LEWIS D. M. LEWIS Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume 2, Issue 3, July 1957, Pages 264–266, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/2.3.264 Published: 01 July 1957
Composite Manganese Oxide Percolating Networks As a Suspension Electrode for an Asymmetric Flow Capacitor (2014)

In this study, we examine the use of a percolating network of metal oxide (MnO2) as the active material in a suspension electrode as a way to increase the capacitance and energy density of an electrochemical flow capacitor. Amorphous manganese oxide was synthesized via a low-temperature hydrothermal approach and combined with carbon black to form composite flowable electrodes of different compositions. All suspension electrodes were tested in static configurations and consisted of an active solid material (MnO2 or activated carbon) immersed in aqueous neutral electrolyte (1 M Na2SO4). Increasing concentrations of carbon black led to better rate performance but at the cost of capacitance and viscosity. Furthermore, it was shown that an expanded voltage window of 1.6 V could be achieved when combining a composite MnO2-carbon black (cathode) and an activated carbon suspension (anode) in a charge balanced asymmetric device. The expansion of the voltage window led to a significant increase in the energy density to ∼11 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of ∼50 W kg(-1). These values are ∼3.5 times and ∼2 times better than a symmetric suspension electrode based on activated carbon.
Direct strain energy harvesting in automobile tires using piezoelectric PZT–polymer composites (2011)

Direct piezoelectric strain energy harvesting can be used to power wireless autonomous sensors in environments where low frequency, high strains are present, such as in automobile tires during operation. However, these high strains place stringent demands on the materials with respect to mechanical failure or depolarization, especially at elevated temperatures. In this work, three kinds of ceramic–polymer composite piezoelectric materials were evaluated and compared against state-of-the-art piezoelectric materials. The new composites are unstructured and structured composites containing granular lead zirconate titanate (PZT) particles or PZT fibers in a polyurethane matrix. The composites were used to build energy harvesting patches which were attached to a tire and tested under simulated rolling conditions. The energy density of the piezoelectric ceramic–polymer composite materials is initially not as high as that of the reference materials (a macro-fiber composite and a polyvinylidene fluoride polymer). However, the area normalized power output of the composites after temperature and strain cycling is comparable to that of the reference devices because the piezoelectric ceramic–polymer composites did not degrade during operation.
TGF-Beta Resistance in Breast Cancer (2004)

Abstract : Transforming growth factor-Beta (TGF-Beta) potently inhibits cell proliferation by causing cell cycle arrest at the Gl phase. Smad proteins mediate the TGF-Beta antiproliferative responses by regulating the expression of several cell cycle components. We have recently discovered that Smad3, a key Smad protein for the TGF-Beta antiproliferative responses, is a major physiological substrate for cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and cDK2. Except for the Rb family members, Smad3 is the only cDK4 substrate demonstrated so far. CDK phosphorylation of Smad3 inhibits its transcriptional activity and antiproliferative function. Since cyclin Dl that activates CDK4 and the related cDK6 is amplified or overexpressed in a high percentage of human breast cancers, we examined whether Smad3 is highly phosphorylated by CDK in breast cancers. Using primary human breast cancer tissue microarrays and a phosphopeptide antibody against a CDK phosphorylation site in Smad3, we have found that overexpression of cyclin Dl in primary human breast cancer is strongly associated with immunohistochemical staining on the CDK phosphorylation site in Smad3. Thus, diminishing Smad3 activity by CDK phosphorylation may be an important mechanism for resistance to the growth-inhibitory effects of TGF-Beta in breast cancers.
Dense arrays of micro-needles for recording and electrical stimulation of neural activity in acute brain slices (2012)

The novelty of this system is the combination of close needle spacing (60 µm), needle heights of up to 250 µm and small (5-10 µm diameter) electrodes allowing the recording of single unit activity. The array is coupled to a custom-designed readout system forming a powerful electrophysiological tool that permits two-way electrode-cell communication with populations of neurons in acute brain slices.
Comparative Evaluation in Nonhuman Primates of Five PET Radiotracers for Imaging the Serotonin Transporters: [<sup>11</sup>C]McN 5652, [<sup>11</sup>C]ADAM, [<sup>11</sup>C]DASB, [<sup>11</sup>C]DAPA, and [<sup>11</sup>C]AFM (2002)

The recent introduction of a number of new radiotracers suitable for imaging the serotonin transporters (SERT) has radically changed the field of SERT imaging. Whereas, until recently, only one selective SERT radiotracer was available ([11C]McN 5652) for SERT imaging with positron emission tomography (PET), several new C-11-labeled radiotracers of the -dimethyl-2-(arylthio)benzylamine class have been described as appropriate imaging agents for the SERT. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative evaluation of four of the most promising agents in this class ([11C]ADAM, [11C]DASB, [11C]DAPA, and [11C]AFM) with the reference tracer [11C]McN 5652 under standardized experimental conditions. This evaluation included in vitro measurements of affinity and lipophilicity, and in vivo PET imaging experiments in baboons. In vitro, DASB displayed significantly lower affinity for SERT than the other four tracers. In the blood, [11C]DASB and [11C]AFM display faster clearance and higher free fractions. Brain uptake was analyzed with kinetic modeling using a one-tissue compartment model and the metabolite-corrected arterial input function. The kinetic uptake of [11C]DASB was significantly faster compared with the other compounds, and the scan duration required to derive time-independent estimates of regional distribution volumes was shorter. [11C]DAPA exhibited the slowest brain kinetic. Regional-specific-to-nonspecific equilibrium partition coefficient (V3") was the highest for [11C]AFM, followed by [11C]DASB and [11C]DAPA, which in turn provided higher V3" values than [11C]ADAM and [11C]McN 5652. From these experiments, two ligands emerged as superior radiotracers that provide a significant improvement over [11C]McN 5652 for PET imaging of SERT: [11C]DASB, because it enables the measurement of SERT availability in a shorter scanning time, and [11C]AFM, because its higher signal-to-noise ratios provide a more reliable measurement of SERT availability in brain regions with relatively low density of SERT, such as in the limbic system.
Total synthesis of glycinoeclepin A (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of glycinoeclepin AAkio. Murai, Norihiko. Tanimoto, Noriyasu. Sakamoto, and Tadashi. MasamuneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6, 1985–1986Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00214a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00214a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2024Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A DC–DC multilevel boost converter (2009)

A DC–DC converter topology is proposed. The DC–DC multilevel boost converter (MBC) is a pulse-width modulation (PWM)-based DC–DC converter, which combines the boost converter and the switched capacitor function to provide different output voltages and a self-balanced voltage using only one driven switch, one inductor, 2N−1 diodes and 2N−1 capacitors for an Nx MBC. It is proposed to be used as DC link in applications where several controlled voltage levels are required with self-balancing and unidirectional current flow, such as photovoltaic (PV) or fuel cell generation systems with multilevel inverters; each device blocks only one voltage level, achieving high-voltage converters with low-voltage devices. The major advantages of this topology are: a continuous input current, a large conversion ratio without extreme duty cycle and without transformer, which allow high switching frequency. It can be built in a modular way and more levels can be added without modifying the main circuit. The proposed converter is simulated and prototyped; experimental results prove the proposition's principle.
Non-linear dynamics of non-neutral plasmas (1990)

An expanding or contracting non-neutral plasma without an external magnetic field is investigated. In certain situations the density and temperature rise to many times their initial values in a short time, followed by an equally sharp fall. The plasma shows no Landau damping.
[Assessment of quality of life in patients with recurrent varicosity]. (2010)

The present study was aimed at assessing the patients' perception of the remote outcomes obtained after treatment for relapsing varicose disease. The patients treated for recurrent varicosity in 2007-2009 at the Minsk Municipal Centre for Vascular Surgery were encouraged to fill in the Chronic Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire (CIVIQ-2). The Questionnaire had been sent by post to a total of 67 operated patients, with the answers received from 40 (60%) subjects. The mean duration of the postoperative period amounted to 29.78 months. An excellent surgical outcome (i. е., no varicose veins present) was observed in seven responders, a satisfactory one was noted in sixteen patients (a minor, symptom-free relapse), an unsatisfactory outcome was noted in eleven subjects (a symptomatic relapse), and a poor one--in six. 57.9% of the patients considered their result as excellent to satisfactory and 42.1% turned out to be dissatisfied with the outcomes of the surgical intervention performed. The median of the CIVIQ-2 score in the group of the patients with satisfactory postoperative results amounted to 55.50 points [interquartile range (IQR) 27-87] as compared with 66.60 points (IQR 28-90) in the cohort of the patients dissatisfied with the therapeutic outcomes (P=0.009, Wilcoxon test). Hence, on average 29.78 months after surgery for a relapse of varicose disease, two thirds of the patients turned out to be satisfied with the outcomes of the treatment performed, with the remaining one third of the patients having remained dissatisfied therewith. Based on these findings, a conclusion was drawn that in all cases it is necessary to advise the patients presenting with varicose disease of possible long-term sequelae of the operation and possible development of recurrent varicosity.
Controlled Growth of Gold Nanoparticles during Ligand Exchange (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTControlled Growth of Gold Nanoparticles during Ligand ExchangeLeif O. Brown and James E. HutchisonView Author Information Department of Chemistry and the Materials Science Institute University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4, 882–883Publication Date (Web):January 15, 1999Publication History Received5 October 1998Published online15 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja983510qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja983510qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2755Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Nanocrystals,Nanoparticles,Plastics,Polymers,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
High fetal hemoglobin production in sickle cell anemia in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia is genetically determined (1986)

Abstract Homozygous sickle cell disease in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia is clinically mild. Circulating fetal hemoglobin levels of 16.0 +/- 7.4% were found in these anemic patients, but only 1.09 +/- 0.97% in their sickle trait parents. To determine whether these sickle cell anemia patients inherit an increased capacity to synthesize fetal hemoglobin, a radioimmunoassay of fetal and adult hemoglobin was performed on erythroid progenitor (BFU-E)-derived erythroblasts from Saudi Arabian sickle cell patients and their parents. Mean fetal hemoglobin content per BFU-E-derived erythroblast from Saudi Arabian sickle cell patients was 6.2 +/- 2.4 pg/cell or 30.4 +/- 8.6% fetal hemoglobin (normal 1.1 +/- 0.7 pg/cell and 5.1 +/- 1.8%). Linear regression analysis of % HbF in peripheral blood versus % HbF per BFU-E- derived cell showed a positive correlation with an r of 0.65. The variance of the intrinsic capacity to produce HbF may account for almost 40% (r2) of the variance of circulating fetal hemoglobin but other factors, particularly selective survival of F cells, must also contribute significantly. Despite virtually normal HbF levels in sickle trait parents of these Saudi patients, mean fetal hemoglobin production per BFU-E-derived erythroblast in these individuals was elevated to 3.42 +/- 1.79 pg/cell or 16.1 +/- 6.4% fetal hemoglobin, and the magnitude of fetal hemoglobin production found in parents correlated with that of the patients. These data indicate that the high fetal hemoglobin in Saudi sickle cell disease is genetically determined but expressed only during accelerated erythropoiesis. Further evidence of such genetic determination was provided by analysis of DNA polymorphisms within the beta-globin gene cluster on chromosome 11. This revealed a distinctive 5′ globin haplotype (+ + - + +) on at least one chromosome 11 in all high F SS and AS tested. The precise relationship of this haplotype to HbF production in this population remains to be defined.
Towards Availability and Maintainability Benchmarks: A Case Study of Software RAID Systems (2001)

We introduce general methodologies for benchmarking the availability and maintainability of computer systems. Our methodologies are based on fault injection, used to purposefully compromise availability and to bring systems to a state where maintenance is required. Our availability benchmarks leverage existing performance benchmarks for workload generation and data collection, measure availability in terms of quality of service variation over time, and can produce results in both detail-rich graphical presentations or in distilled numerical summaries. Our maintainability benchmarks characterize several different axes of maintainability, including the time, impact, and learning curve associated with maintenance tasks, and rely on the use of human experiments to capture the subtle interactions between system and administrator. <p>We demonstrate and evaluate our methodologies by applying them to measure the availability and maintainability of the software RAID systems shipped with RedHat Linux 6.0, Solaris 7 for Intel Architectures, and Windows 2000 Server. We find that the availability benchmarks are powerful enough not only to quantify the impact of various failure conditions on the availability of these systems, but also to unearth their undocumented design philosophies with respect to transient errors and recovery policy. Similarly, the maintainability benchmarks draw clear distinctions between the systems on the time and learning curve metrics, and furthermore are able to identify key factors and design decisions influencing the maintainability of the three systems
Increases in vocalization and motor reflex thresholds generated by the intrathecal administration of serotonin or norepinephrine. (1996)

The capacity of serotonin and norepinephrine to elevate the thresholds of spinal motor reflexes (SMRs), vocalizations during shock (VDSs), and vocalization afterdischarges (VADs) when administered into the spinal subarachnoid space was evaluated. Both monoamines generated dose-dependent increases in the thresholds of all 3 responses. The minimum effective doses of serotonin and norepinephrine that elevated all 3 response thresholds were 40 micrograms and 1 microgram respectively. Monoamine-induced increases in response thresholds were reversed by the intrathecal administration of their corresponding receptor antagonists (phentolamine or methysergide). Threshold increases generated by serotonin were also partially reduced by phentolamine. These results indicate that dorsal horn neurons that underlie flexion reflex generation (SMR) and the rostral transmission of pain information (VDS and VAD) have similar thresholds of inhibition to spinopetal monoaminergic projections.