gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Functionalized Oxazolines (1992)

Abstract The preparation of several oxazolines substituted at C-2 by an hetero substituted methyl group is reported. 2-Aminomethyl, 2-azidomethyl, 2-nitromethyl and 2-hydroxymethyl oxazolines were obtained by substitution of the corresponding 2-halogenomethyl oxazolines. On the other hand, 2-benzyloxycarbonylaminomethyl, 2-thiophenylmethyl, 2-selenophenylmethyl oxazolines were prepared by condensation of the appropriate iminoether with a β-aminoalcohol.
Wet-Chemical Approaches to Porous Nanowires with Linear, Spiral, and Meshy Topologies (2013)

We report universal approaches for porous nanowires (NWs), and porous NWs with spiral and meshy topologies that have been developed via anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) confined wet-chemical synthesis. Materials such as CuOx, Pd, and Cu NWs are taken as examples for porous NWs and porous NWs with spiral and meshy topologies. Immediate benefits are demonstrated in hydrogen sensors as examples. We observed that hydrogen concentrations as low as 0.2% (v/v) were detected, that critical temperatures of the reverse sensing behavior as low as 239.9 K were measured and that better baseline-stability was confirmed compared with those fabricated with pure Pd NWs. Our approaches are anticipated to work on the synthesis of the porous NWs of other materials that could be obtained via wet-chemistry with potential as candidates for the next generation nanodevices (e.g., gas sensors) and other applications (e.g., catalysts).
Optimization of Parameters Used in Algorithms of Ion-Mobility Calculation for Conformational Analyses (2009)

Structural information of gaseous ions can be obtained by comparing their collision cross sections as determined by ion-mobility experiments with those by theoretical modeling. Three theoretical models, the projection approximation (PA), the exact hard-sphere scattering (EHSS), and the trajectory (TJ) models, have been employed to determine the theoretical cross sections of candidate geometries. The accuracy of these models is largely dependent on the empirical parameters used for ion-buffer gas interactions. Optimal empirical parameters for each model have been determined by comparing the experimental cross sections of 20 calibrant ions with their theoretical cross sections obtained by using geometries sampled by density-functional-theory-based molecular dynamics simulations. The maximum absolute deviations of the cross sections of 15.5% (PA), 20.7% (EHSS), and 11.7% (TJ) obtained from the original parameters are reduced to 5.6% (PA), 4.6% (EHSS), and 3.4% (TJ) obtained from the new optimized parameters. The root-mean-square deviations of the predicted cross sections using the new parameters from the experimental values are also drastically reduced to 2.1% (PA), 1.9% (EHSS), and 1.6% (TJ). The new parameters are verified on protonated triglycine, protonated trialanine, and doubly protonated bradykinin.
Hydrogen Peroxide/Sulphuric Acid Etching Systems (1979)

The paper deals with the use of a Hydrogen Peroxide/Sulphuric Acid etchant in the Through‐Hole Plating system. The relative merits of this solution compared to currently used etchants such as Ammonium Persulphate are discussed on the basis of cost, convenience of operation and ecological effect.
A Novel Loop-Free Alternate Interface Selection Criterion for Traffic Deflection in Shortest-Path-First Network (2006)

Deflection routing based on the alternate interfaces in shortest-path-first network is a local and automatic traffic engineering method for dynamic IP traffic. After a simple introduction to alternate interface protocol (AIP) and "strictly decreasing cost criterion" for loop-free alternate interface selection, a novel and loose criterion, "next-hop decreasing cost criterion" with "next-hop strictly shortest-path-forwarding condition", is put forward and proven. Then we bring forward a simple algorithm to build the alternate interface list. The algorithm is based on a modification of Dijkstra shortest path algorithm. Finally we give an initial simulation and some discussions on the new criterion and AIP.
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Co, Ni, and Co−Ni Alloy Nanocluster-Doped SiO<sub>2</sub> Films by Sol−Gel Processing (2002)

The optical, structural, and magnetic properties of Co, Ni, and CoxNi100-x (0 < x < 100) alloy nanoclusters in silica host obtained by the sol−gel route are presented. Throughout the entire range of composition investigated, from pure Ni to pure Co, the nanoclusters exhibit an fcc structure, with lattice parameters increasing with the Co fraction in the system. This indicates Co−Ni alloy formation. It has also been observed that the average cluster diameter increases with increasing Co fraction in the system. An enhancement of the magnetic moment was exhibited in the pure Co and Ni samples, and good agreement between the measured values and those of the corresponding bulk alloys was found for the other samples. All composites are superparamagnetic at room temperature.
Clarification of a remarkable chelate effect leads to palladium-catalyzed base-free olefin arylation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClarification of a remarkable chelate effect leads to palladium-catalyzed base-free olefin arylationMoshe Portnoy, Yehoshua Ben-David, and David MilsteinCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 12, 4734–4735Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/om00036a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views474Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (258 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A New Recurrent 9q34 Duplication in Pediatric T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. (2005)

Abstract Over the last decade, genetic characterization of pediatric T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has led to the identification of a variety of chromosomal abnormalities, including translocations, deletions and amplifications. In this study, we used array-comparative genome hybridization (array-CGH) to identify a novel recurrent 9q34 amplification in 33 percent (12/36) of pediatric T-ALL samples, which is therefore one of the most frequent cytogenetic abnormalities observed in T-ALL thus far. The exact size of the amplified region differed slightly among patients, but the critical region involved VAV2, TRAF2 and NOTCH1. FISH analysis revealed that this 9q34 amplification was the result of a 9q34 duplication on one chromosome and could be identified in 17 to 39 percent of the leukemic cells at diagnosis. Although the presence of this leukemic subclone did not predict for poor clinical outcome in our small patient cohort, leukemic cells carrying this duplication were still present at times of relapse, indicating that these cells effectively survived intensive chemotherapeutic treatment. Episomal NUP214-ABL1 amplification and activating mutations in NOTCH1, two other recently identified 9q34 abnormalities in T-ALL, were also detected in our pediatric patient cohort. We showed that both genetic abnormalities are independent from this newly identified 9q34 duplication.
A study of a retro-projected robotic face and its effectiveness for gaze reading by humans (2010)

Reading gaze direction is important in human-robot interactions as it supports, among others, joint attention and non-linguistic interaction. While most previous work focuses on implementing gaze direction reading on the robot, little is known about how the human partner in a human-robot interaction is able to read gaze direction from a robot. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to introduce a new technology to implement robotic face using retro-projected animated faces and (2) to test how well this technology supports gaze reading by humans. We briefly discuss the robot design and discuss parameters influencing the ability to read gaze direction. We present an experiment assessing the user's ability to read gaze direction for a selection of different robotic face designs, using an actual human face as baseline. Results indicate that it is hard to recreate human-human interaction performance. If the robot face is implemented as a semi sphere, performance is worst. While robot faces having a human-like physiognomy and, perhaps surprisingly, video projected on a flat screen perform equally well and seem to suggest that these are the good candidates to implement joint attention in HRI.
A generalized constraint and exception handler for an object-oriented CAD-DBMS (1986)

A generalized constraint and exception handler for object-oriented CAD databases is presented. The main features of the constraint and exception handler are: dynamic definition of new constraints without recompilation of the schema, deferred constraint checking, and homogeneous handling of constraints and their exceptions. In the paper we analyze first the constraints typically encountered in a CAD environment, discuss the problems of dynamic constraint definition and deferred evaluation and, based on that discussion, present design and implementation issues of the constraint handler which is currently being implemented.
Sunlight-Induced Self-Healing of a Microcapsule-Type Protective Coating (2013)

Photopolymerization behavior of a methacryloxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (MAT-PDMS) healing agent was investigated in the presence of benzoin isobutyl ether (BIE) photoinitiator by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. MAT-PDMS and BIE were microencapsulated with urea-formaldehyde polymer. The surface and shell morphology of the microcapsules was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mean diameter and size distribution of the microcapsules could be controlled by agitation rate. A coating matrix formulation was prepared by sol-gel reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of a polysiloxane and by subsequent addition of an adhesion promoter. The formulation and microcapsules were mixed to give a self-healing coating formulation, which was then sprayed to surface of cellulose-fiber-reinforced-cement (CRC) board or mortar. Contact angle measurements showed that both the polymerized MAT-PDMS and the prepared coating matrix are hydrophobic, and the coating matrix has good wettability with MAT-PDMS. It was confirmed by optical microscopy and SEM that, when the self-healing coating is damaged, the healing agent is released from ruptured microcapsules and fills the damaged region. The self-healing coating was evaluated as protective coating for mortar, and it was demonstrated by water permeability and chloride ion penetration tests that our system has sunlight-induced self-healing capability. Our self-healing coating is the first example of capsule-type photoinduced self-healing system, and offers the advantages of catalyst-free, environmentally friendly, inexpensive, practical healing.
Dual frequency operation of a blue phase liquid crystal (2011)

The authors demonstrate dual frequency switching in a cubic blue phase liquid crystal. The dual frequency blue phase was prepared by adding a strongly twisting chiral dopant to a dual-frequency nematic liquid crystal mixture. The crossover frequency appeared at few hundred kHz in the blue phase, and sub-millisecond response was obtained for dual-frequency operation, which was comparable to conventional voltage operation. This new class of material is advantageous over conventional blue phases in polarization-independent phase modulation devices, since a larger lattice deformation can be obtained.
Monoclonal antibodies against human Ia antigens stimulate monocytes to secrete interleukin 1. (1985)

The monoclonal antibodies (mAb) DA6.147, DA6.164, and HIG.48 against human Ia antigens, but not the W6/32 mAb against human class I major histocompatibility complex antigens or the anti-monocyte OKM1 and 63D3 mAb, stimulated monocytes to secrete interleukin 1 (IL-1). IL-1 was measured by its property of promoting the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by phytohemagglutinin-treated LBRM-33 clone 1A5 cells. IL-1 activity induced by anti-Ia antibodies could be detected 24 hr after initiation of the cultures and reached its highest levels at days 3-4 of culture. Concentrations of 1 microgram/ml or higher of the anti-Ia antibodies induced monocytes to secrete significant levels of IL-1 activity. The anti-Ia mAb induced Ia-bearing but not Ia-negative monocytes to secrete IL-1. Both Ia-positive and Ia-negative monocytes produced IL-1 activity under the stimulus of lipopolysaccharide. It is concluded that the DA6.147, DA6.164, and HIG.48 mAb stimulate secretion of IL-1 by interacting Ia antigens on monocytes. The data support the view that besides serving as restricting elements for recognition of foreign antigens by T cells, Ia antigens may also function as transducer elements.
VideoJot (2014)

Videos are becoming more and more a tool of communication. There are how-to videos, people are discussing actions of others based on their recorded performance, e.g., in soccer, or they simply record videos of great moments and show them to friends and family. In this paper we focus on very specific how-to videos and present a novel, web based annotation tool, that combines (i) zoom, (ii) drawing, and (iii) temporal social bookmarking in video streams. Moreover, we present a short study on the usefulness of the tool to communicate general concepts of a specific video game based on a captured game session.
Characteristic impedance of dielectric-filled slotted coaxial transmission line (1976)

A solution is presented for the determination of the impedance of slotted dielectric-filled transmission lines of the type that could be formed from semi-rigid coaxial cable, and theoretical results are compared with measured values. The solution is a composite one: over the region of greatest impedance variation, a method involving the conformal transformation of the slotted line to microstrip geometry is used, and a matchedexponential function s used for the remaining part. The experimental method for finding the line impedance values, which is generally useful as it can be applied to any type of transmission line of unknown phase velocity, is also presented.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Tyrosine‐Based DNA Gyrase B Inhibitors (2017)

The discovery and synthesis of new tyrosine-based inhibitors of DNA gyrase B (GyrB), which target its ATPase subunit, is reported. Twenty-four compounds were synthesized and evaluated for activity against DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV. The antibacterial properties of selected GyrB inhibitors were demonstrated by their activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis in the low micromolar range. The most promising compounds, 8a and 13e, inhibited Escherichia coli and S. aureus GyrB with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 40 and 30 µM. The same compound also inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. faecalis with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC<sub>90</sub> ) of 14 and 28 µg/mL, respectively.
Interferometric detection of forward scattered light from small particles (1989)

The detection of subtenth micron paticles in processing fluids is a critical and growing need in the semiconductor industry. In this letter, we show that a small dielectric particle in a focused monochromatic light beam produces a scattered wave (Rayleigh scattering) in phase quadrature with the far-field incident beam, therefore causing a phase shift in this beam. Thus, the forward scattered field due to the particle may be detected using a bright field interferometer. This allows detection which is near Shott noise limited even for very small particles, and measures the sign of the scattered field as well, such that particles may be distinguished from bubbles. We describe an appropriate interferometer design based on Nomarski optics, which we have used to verify our calculation, measuring scattering in water from single polystyrene spheres as small as 0.038 μm in diameter.
A hardware redundancy and recovery mechanism for reliable scientific computation on graphics processors (2007)

General purpose computation on graphics processors (GPGPU) has rapidly evolved since the introduction of commodity programmable graphics hardware. With the appearance of GPGPU computation-oriented APIs such as AMD's Close to the Metal (CTM) and NVIDIA's Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), we begin to see GPU vendors putting financial stakes into this non-graphics, one-time niche market. Major supercomputing installations are building GPGPU clusters to take advantage of massively parallel floating point capabilities, and Folding@Home has even released a GPU port of its protein folding distributed computation client. But in order for GPGPU to truly become important to the supercomputing community, vendors will have to address the heretofore unimportant reliability concerns of graphics processors. We present a hardware redundancy-based approach to reliability for general purpose computation on GPUs that requires minimal change to existing GPU architectures. Upon detecting an error, the system invokes an automatic recovery mechanism that only recomputes erroneous results. Our results show that our technique imposes less than a 1.5 x performance penalty and saves energy for GPGPU but is completely transparent to general graphics and does not affect the performance of the games that drive the market.
The Role of Fluorine-18 Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Management of Patients With Metastatic Melanoma: Impact on Surgical Decision Making (2003)

Malignant melanoma can metastasize to almost any organ site. Optimal management requires sensitive radiographic evaluation of the entire body. The optimal management of patients with metastatic melanoma requires accurate assessment of extent of disease (EOD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fluorine-18 deoxyglucose (FDG) whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) in determination of EOD in patients with metastatic melanoma and its impact on surgical and medical management decisions. Forty-nine patients (30 men, 19 women; aged 25-83 years) with known or suspected metastatic melanoma underwent EOD evaluation using computerized tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. After formulation of an initial treatment plan, the patients underwent FDG-PET imaging. The EOD determined by PET was compared with physical examination and conventional radiography findings. Fifty-one lesions were pathologically evaluated. The impact of PET on patient management was assessed based on the alterations made in the initial treatment plan after reevaluation of the patients using the information obtained by PET. The PET scan identified more metastatic sites in 27 of 49 (55%) of the patients who had undergone a complete set of imaging studies, including CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, and MRI of the brain. In 6 of those 27 patients, PET detected disease outside the fields of CT and MRI. Fifty-one lesions were resected surgically. Of these, 44 were pathologically confirmed to be melanoma. All lesions larger than 1 cm (29 of 29) were positive on PET, whereas only 2 of 15 (13%) lesions smaller than 1 cm were detected by PET. The results of PET led treatment changes in 24 patients (49%). Eighteen of these changes (75%) were surgical. In 12 cases (67%), the planned operative procedure was cancelled, and in 6 cases (33%), an additional operation(s) was performed. In 6 of 24 (25%) patients, biochemotherapy, radiation therapy, or an experimental immunotherapy protocol was prompted by identification of new foci of disease. Compared with conventional imaging, FDG-PET provides more accurate assessment of EOD in patients with metastatic melanoma. Significant surgical and medical treatment alterations were made based on PET results.
A fast and pragmatic approach for scatter correction in flat-detector CT using elliptic modeling and iterative optimization (2009)

Scattered radiation is a major source of artifacts in flat detector computed tomography (FDCT) due to the increased irradiated volumes. We propose a fast projection-based algorithm for correction of scatter artifacts. The presented algorithm combines a convolution method to determine the spatial distribution of the scatter intensity distribution with an object-size-dependent scaling of the scatter intensity distributions using a priori information generated by Monte Carlo simulations. A projection-based (PBSE) and an image-based (IBSE) strategy for size estimation of the scanned object are presented. Both strategies provide good correction and comparable results; the faster PBSE strategy is recommended. Even with such a fast and simple algorithm that in the PBSE variant does not rely on reconstructed volumes or scatter measurements, it is possible to provide a reasonable scatter correction even for truncated scans. For both simulations and measurements, scatter artifacts were significantly reduced and the algorithm showed stable behavior in the z-direction. For simulated voxelized head, hip and thorax phantoms, a figure of merit Q of 0.82, 0.76 and 0.77 was reached, respectively (Q = 0 for uncorrected, Q = 1 for ideal). For a water phantom with 15 cm diameter, for example, a cupping reduction from 10.8% down to 2.1% was achieved. The performance of the correction method has limitations in the case of measurements using non-ideal detectors, intensity calibration, etc. An iterative approach to overcome most of these limitations was proposed. This approach is based on root finding of a cupping metric and may be useful for other scatter correction methods as well. By this optimization, cupping of the measured water phantom was further reduced down to 0.9%. The algorithm was evaluated on a commercial system including truncated and non-homogeneous clinically relevant objects.
A SAW-less CMOS TX for EGPRS and WCDMA (2010)

A 90 nm CMOS TX path architected for operation without inter-stage SAW filters is shown. The SAW elimination strategy is purely low noise design but the architecture still achieves DG.09 weighted TX current drain of 50 mA from the battery. The combination of a passive interleaved switching mixer plus digital gain control allows 2% EVM at 2 dbm and 4.2% at -78 dbm.
Pulmonary gas transport/capnography (1993)

This review explores old controversies and new insights into the interaction of lung structural anatomy/pathology and gas transport, with particular reference to steady-state gas exchange and capnography. Current data and thinking pertaining to the broader context of respiratory disease and gas exchange are also reviewed.