gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NDE of composite materials using ultrasonic oblique insonification (1993)

The analysis of reflected ultrasonic waves induced by oblique insonification of composite materials is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool in providing information about defects and material properties. The theoretical modeling of the wave behavior for tone-burst and pulses has been very successful in accurately corroborating the experimental results. The data repeatability and accuracy make oblique insonification methods easy to standardize for practical applications. Recent theoretical and experimental results and the progress in using frequency- and time-domain data are discussed with an emphasis on the application to graphite/epoxy composites.
Automatic detection of lytic and blastic thoracolumbar spine metastases on computed tomography (2013)

• Computer-aided detection (CADe) of bone metastases has been developed for spinal CT. • The CADe system exhibits high sensitivity with a tolerable false-positive rate. • Analysis of false-positive detection may further improve the system. • CADe may reduce the number of missed spinal metastases at CT interpretation.
FRMT: A Benchmark for Few-Shot Region-Aware Machine Translation (2022)

We present FRMT, a new dataset and evaluation benchmark for Few-shot Region-aware Machine Translation, a type of style-targeted translation. The dataset consists of professional translations from English into two regional variants each of Portuguese and Mandarin Chinese. Source documents are selected to enable detailed analysis of phenomena of interest, including lexically distinct terms and distractor terms. We explore automatic evaluation metrics for FRMT and validate their correlation with expert human evaluation across both region-matched and mismatched rating scenarios. Finally, we present a number of baseline models for this task, and offer guidelines for how researchers can train, evaluate, and compare their own models. Our dataset and evaluation code are publicly available: https://bit.ly/frmt-task
Efficient photovoltaic heterojunctions of indium tin oxides on silicon (1976)

Heterojunction diodes of indium tin oxide films sputtered onto p-silicon using ion beam techniques display significant photovoltaic effects when exposed to sunlight. Galvanomagnetic and optical measurments confirm that the oxide films are highly degenerate transparent semiconductors. At a tin oxide concentration of 10%, we observed an open-circuit voltage of 0.51 V, short-circuit current of 32 mA/cm2, fill factor of 0.70, and conversion efficiency of 12%. As the concentration was raised to 70%, the voltage remained steady, the current fell to 27 mA/cm2, and the fill factor fell to 0.60.
A minimal solution to the generalised 3-point pose problem (2004)

It is a well known classical result that given the image projections of three known world points it is possible to solve for the pose of a calibrated perspective camera to up to four pairs of solutions. We solve the generalised problem where the camera is allowed to sample rays in some arbitrary but known fashion and is not assumed to perform a central perspective projection. That is, given three back-projected rays that emanate from a camera or multi-camera rig in an arbitrary but known fashion, we seek the possible poses of the camera such that the three rays meet three known world points. We show that the generalised problem has up to eight solutions that can be found as the intersections between a circle and a ruled quartic surface. A minimal and efficient constructive numerical algorithm is given to find the solutions. The algorithm derives an octic polynomial whose roots correspond to the solutions. In the classical case, when the three rays are concurrent, the ruled quartic surface and the circle possess a reflection symmetry such that their intersections come in symmetric pairs. This manifests itself in that the odd order terms of the octic polynomial vanish. As a result, up to four pairs of solutions can be found in closed form. The proposed algorithm can be used to solve for the pose of any type of calibrated camera or camera rig. The intended use for the algorithm is in a hypothesise-and-test architecture.
Simüle tekstil atıksuyunun anaerobik/aerobik arıtımı (2004)

In this study, a simulated cotton textile wastewater was treated using anaerobic (UASB)/aerobic (CSTR) reactor system. COD removal efficiency was 67%, while the color was completely removed at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.8 day and an organic loading rate of 1.13 kg COD/m 3 .day in UASB reactor. COD removal efficiency was 77% at a HRT of 10 days and at an organic loading rate of 0.104 kg coD/m 3 .day in aerobic reactor, while the COD removal efficiency, was 92% in total system. Total aromatic amines (TAA) were accumulated in anaerobic stage, while TAA removal efficiency found to be 50% in aerobic stage. COD and color were effectively removed in the total system.
Impact of Inner Parameters and Overlay Structure on the Performance of BitTorrent (2006)

In this paper we adopt a simulation approach to study the performance of the BitTorrent protocol in terms of the entropy that qualifies a torrent and the structure of the overlay used to distribute the content. We find that the entropy of a torrent, defined as the diversity that characterizes the distribution of pieces of the content, plays an important role for the system to achieve optimal performance. We then relate the performance of BitTorrent with the characteristics of the distribution overlay built by the peers taking part in the torrent. Our results show that the number of connections a given peer maintains with other peers and the fraction of those connections initiated by the peer itself are key factors to sustain a high entropy, hence an optimal system performance. Those results were obtained for a realistic choice of torrent sizes and system parameters, under the assumption of a flash-crowd peer arrival pattern.
Automatic analysis of malware behavior using machine learning (2011)

Malicious software – so called malware – poses a major threat to the security of computer systems. The amount and diversity of its variants render classic security defenses ineffective, such that millions of hosts in the Internet are infected with malware in the form of computer viruses, Internet worms and Trojan horses. While obfuscation and polymorphism employed by malware largely impede detection at file level, the dynamic analysis of malware binaries during run-time provides an instrument for characterizing and defending against the threat of malicious software. In this article, we propose a framework for the automatic analysis of malware behavior using machine learning. The framework allows for automatically identifying novel classes of malware with similar behavior (clustering) and assigning unknown malware to these discovered classes (classification). Based on both, clustering and classification, we propose an incremental approach for behavior-based analysis, capable of processing the behavior of thousands of malware binaries on a daily basis. The incremental analysis significantly reduces the run-time overhead of current analysis methods, while providing accurate discovery and discrimination of novel malware variants.
Broadcasting Internet datagrams in the presence of subnets (1984)

We propose simple rules for broadcasting Internet datagrams on local networks that support broadcast, for addressing broadcasts, and for how gateways should handle them.
1,1-Bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(<b> <i>p</i> </b>-substitutedphenyl)methanes Induce Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ-Mediated Growth Inhibition, Transactivation, and Differentiation Markers in Colon Cancer Cells (2004)

1,1-Bis(3'indolyl)-1-(p-substitutedphenyl)methanes containing p-trifluoromethyl (DIM-C-pPhCF)), p-t-butyl (DIM-C-pPhtBu), and p-phenyl (DIM-C-pPhC6H5) groups induce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)-mediated transactivation in HT-29, HCT-15, RKO, and SW480 colon cancer cell lines. Rosiglitazone also induces transactivation in these cell lines and inhibited growth of HT-29 cells, which express wild-type PPARgamma but not HCT-15 cells, which express mutant (K422Q) PPARgamma. In contrast, DIM-C-pPhCF3, DIM-C-pPhtBu, and DIM-C-pPhC6H5 inhibited growth of both HT-29 and HCT-15 cells with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 10 micromol/L. Rosiglitazone and diindolylmethane (DIM) analogues did not affect expression of cyclin D1, p21, or p27 protein levels or apoptosis in HCT-15 or HT-29 cells but induced keratin 18 in both cell lines. However, rosiglitazone induced caveolins 1 and 2 in HT-29 but not HCT-15 cells, whereas these differentiation markers were induced by DIM-C-pPhCF3 and DIM-C-pPhC6H5 in both cell lines. Because overexpression of caveolin 1 is known to suppress colon cancer cell and tumor growth, the growth inhibitory effects of rosiglitazone and the DIM compounds are associated with PPARgamma-dependent induction of caveolins.
Information server for bus operators (2003)

TUTPIS is a large-scale information system being developed for companies that provide public transport services and their customers. TUTPIS is targeted for national services, concerning taxis, buses, and trains as the main means of conveyance. This paper presents the functionality and implementation of a TUTPIS server targeted for bus operators. The server receives real-time information through cellular data network from active buses, processes the received data, and produces different types of reports for TUTPIS users. An operational TUTPIS server has been implemented. The implementation is made on Linux PCs using the Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE). The TUTPIS server has been evaluated in practice with a limited number of buses in Finland during the fall 2002. In addition, performance testing has been carried out to find out the capacity of TUTPIS platform. These tests have shown that the server provides adequate performance for TUTPIS services. The server development continues by extended functionality for both bus operators and passengers.
A procedure for temperature-dependent, differential van der Pauw measurements (1995)

A two-step procedure is presented for temperature-dependent carrier-concentration and mobility profiling of InP and GaAs epitaxially grown on Si. Carrier concentrations and mobilities are determined by the van der Pauw technique between 14 and 300 K using a refrigerator-cooled cryostat. Anodic oxidation and oxide stripping by chemical etching were selected for the subsequent removal of controlled thin sublayers. By the combination of differential and temperature-dependent van der Pauw measurements, mobilities and carrier concentrations in dependence on depth and temperature have been extracted whereby the carrier-concentration profile at room temperature agrees very well with the results obtained by the electrochemical C/V technique. For InP/Si at a distance of more than 0.7 μm away from the heterointerface, the dependence of the carrier mobility on the concentration at room temperature is essentially the same as for InP/InP layers. At low temperatures, e.g., 77 K, scattering by dislocations results in a mobility reduction in InP/Si and GaAs/Si with respect to homoepitaxy. Due to the nonuniform distribution of impurities and dislocations the temperature dependences of carrier concentration and mobility vary considerably with depth, thus strongly recommending the use of the differential technique.
Experimental analysis on the mechanism of moisture induced interface weakening in ACF package (2009)

This work was financially supported by the\nFundamental R&amp;amp;D Program for Core Technology of\nMaterials funded by the Ministry of Knowledge\nEconomy, Republic of Korea.
RESOURCE SELECTION BY HILL SHEEP: DIRECT FLOCK OBSERVATIONS VERSUS GPS TRACKING (2010)

Uplands and peatlands are of international ecological importance and heavy grazing pressure has been implicated in a decline in their condition. Therefore, a better understanding of grazer behaviour could aid the design of conservation strategies. The objective of this study was to test whether the same resource selection results were obtained from direct flock observations as simultaneously-run GPS tracking studies. Direct flock observations were conducted on 50 sampling days, June 2004-July 2005. Habitat, habitat condition and grazing lawn frequency maps were produced. Resource use and availability were estimated using range analysis and GIS, and resource selection was analysed using weighted compositional analysis. Flock distribution was uneven with a mean of 0.0-8.9 sheep/ha observed based on a 1 ha grid system. Habitat selection based on direct observations varied seasonally with acid grasslandrelated habitats selected most in spring, summer and autumn, and wet heath and blanket bog selected most in winter. Moderately damaged areas and grid squares containing numerous/extensive grazing lawns were consistently selected most (P<0.05). Resource selection findings based on direct flock observations were consistent with those obtained using detailed GPS tracking data from fewer individuals. Resource management recommendations are discussed.
Recovery of the Navier-Stokes equations using a lattice-gas Boltzmann method (1992)

It is known that the Frisch-Hasslacher-Pomeau lattice-gas automaton model and related models possess some rather unphysical effects. These are (1) a non-Galilean invariance caused by a density-dependent coefficient in the convection term, and (2) a velocity-dependent equation of state. In this paper, we show that both of these effects can be eliminated exactly in a lattice Boltzmann-equation model.
Biodegradation of Hydrogel Carrier Incorporating Fibroblast Growth Factor (1999)

In vivo release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from a biodegradable gelatin hydrogel carrier was compared with the in vivo degradation of hydrogel. When gelatin hydrogels incorporating 125I-labeled bFGF were implanted into the back subcutis of mice, the bFGF radioactivity remaining decreased with time and the retention period was prolonged with a decrease in the water content of the hydrogels. The lower the water content of 125I-labeled gelatin hydrogels, the faster both the weight of the hydrogels and the gelatin radioactivity remaining decreased with time. The decrement profile of bFGF remaining in hydrogels was correlated with that of hydrogel weight and gelatin radioactivity, irrespective of the water content. Subcutaneous implantation of bFGF-incorporating gelatin hydrogels into the mice induced significant neovascularization. The retention period of neovascularization became longer as the water content of the hydrogels decreased. To study the decrease of activity of bFGF when implanted, bFGF-incorporating hydrogels were placed in diffusion chamber and implanted in the mouse subcutis for certain periods of time. When hydrogels explanted from the mice were again implanted, significant neovascularization was still observed, indicating that most of the biological activity of bFGF was retained in the hydrogels. It was concluded that, in our hydrogel system, biologically active bFGF was released as a result of in vivo degradation of the hydrogel. The release profile was controllable by changing the water content of hydrogels.
Thermotropic transitions in rat intestinal plasma membranes studied by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence polarization (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermotropic transitions in rat intestinal plasma membranes studied by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence polarizationThomas A. Brasitus, Alan R. Tall, and David SchachterCite this: Biochemistry 1980, 19, 6, 1256–1261Publication Date (Print):March 18, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 18 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00547a033https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00547a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Diffusion of Decision Support Systems in Healthcare: Are We There Yet? (2000)

Assistant vice president, international affairs, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, Washington, D.C. (Wong) Senior vice president, Economic and Social Research Institute, Washington, D.C. (Legnini) Research associate, Health Research and Educational Trust, Washington, D.C. (Whitmore) For more information on this article, please contact Ms. Wong at: [email protected]. Acknowledgment This research was supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and was written while the authors were employed by the Center for Studying Health System Change in Washington, D.C.
Systolic processor array for radar and communications (2003)

A systolic processor applicable to a general class of signal processing problems was built using commercially available VLSI floating-point processors. This processor performed over 1.25 BFLOPS (billion floating-point operations per second) in applications of solutions to a group of simultaneous equations with 12 unknowns. The solution was designed to work with the normal equations used in signal processing problems where all equations have noisy component values. The processor design was a direct implementation of algorithm mathematics in hardware and achieved a high processing rate through extensive concurrency. This program demonstrated how a custom, application-specific processor can be developed in less than two years to perform a computationally intensive function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PhotoMesa (2001)

PhotoMesa is a zoomable image browser that uses a novel treemap algorithm to present large numbers of images grouped by directory, or other available metadata. It uses a new interaction technique for zoomable user interfaces designed for novices and family use that makes it straightforward to navigate through the space of images, and impossible to get lost.PhotoMesa groups images using one of two new algorithms that lay out groups of objects in a 2D space-filling manner. Quantum treemaps are designed for laying out images or other objects of indivisible (quantum) size. They are a variation on existing treemap algorithms in that they guarantee that every generated rectangle will have a width and height that are an integral multiple of an input object size. Bubblemaps also fill space with groups of quantum-sized objects, but generate non-rectangular blobs, and utilize space more efficiently.
Generation of shock waves by laser-induced plasma in confined geometry (1993)

Confined plasmas induced by neodynium glass laser at 1.06 μm and pulse width of 3 and 30 ns are studied. The metallic target is covered with a dielectric layer, glass or water, transparent to the laser radiation. Experimental measurements of the pressure induced by the plasma have been performed. For a certain range of laser power density these measurements agree particularly well with an analytical model. At high power densities (10 GW/cm2), the dielectric breakdown appears to be the main limiting process of the confining method. It is observed that this breakdown induces a saturation of the pressure. It is shown that the use of a short-rise-time laser pulse is the only way to reduce the effects of the breakdown and to obtain much higher-pressure shock waves. This is due to the dependence of the dielectric breakdown threshold on the laser pulse rise time.
PiOS : Detecting privacy leaks in iOS applications (2011)

With the introduction of Apple’s iOS and Google’s An-droid operating systems, the sales of smartphones have ex-ploded. These smartphones have become powerful devices that are basically miniature versions of personal comput-ers. However, the growing popularity and sophistication of smartphones have also increased concerns about the pri-vacy of users who operate these devices. These concerns have been exacerbated by the fact that it has become in-creasingly easy for users to install and execute third-party applications. To protect its users from malicious applica-tions, Apple has introduced a vetting process. This vet-ting process should ensure that all applications conform to Apple’s (privacy) rules before they can be offered via the App Store. Unfortunately, this vetting process is not well-documented, and there have been cases where malicious applications had to be removed from the App Store after user complaints. In this paper, we study the privacy threats that applica-tions, written for Apple’s iOS, pose to users. To this end, we present a novel approach and a tool, PiOS, that allow us to analyze programs for possible leaks of sensitive in-formation from a mobile device to third parties. PiOS uses static analysis to detect data flows in Mach-0 binaries, com-piled from Objective-C code. This is a challenging task due to the way in which Objective-C method calls are imple-mented. We have analyzed more than 1,400 iPhone appli-cations. Our experiments show that, with the exception of a few bad apples, most applications respect personal identifi-able information stored on user’s devices. This is even true for applications that are hosted on an unofficial repository (Cydia) and that only run on jailbroken phones. However, we found that more than half of the applications surrepti-tiously leak the unique ID of the device they are running on. This allows third-parties to create detailed profiles of users’ application preferences and usage patterns. 1
Determination of mask layer stress by placement metrology (2005)

The present paper will show an approach for a local and global stress determination by the application of a Leica LMS IPRO II mask registration tool. Changes in placement due to a full or partial layer removal on single materials as well as material stacks with respect to a reference grid were determined. Simulation using finite element modeling was conducted to calculate stress values from the placement information. Finally, an estimate was made of the acceptable stress level for a sample design to meet placement requirements for future lithography nodes.