gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectrum Sensing Based on Blindly Learned Signal Feature (2011)

Spectrum sensing is the major challenge in the cognitive radio (CR). We propose to learn local feature and use it as the prior knowledge to improve the detection performance. We define the local feature as the leading eigenvector derived from the received signal samples. A feature learning algorithm (FLA) is proposed to learn the feature blindly. Then, with local feature as the prior knowledge, we propose the feature template matching algorithm (FTM) for spectrum sensing. We use the discrete Karhunen--Lo{è}ve transform (DKLT) to show that such a feature is robust against noise and has maximum effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Captured real-world data shows that the learned feature is very stable over time. It is almost unchanged in 25 seconds. Then, we test the detection performance of the FTM in very low SNR. Simulation results show that the FTM is about 2 dB better than the blind algorithms, and the FTM does not have the noise uncertainty problem.
Structure and camera calibration from active correspondence of lines and intersection points (2010)

Many applications, e.g., motion planning, virtual reality, CAD, vehicle navigation, object recognition, photogrammetry, remote sensing, etc., all require a geometrical representation of the three dimensional structure of a scene. In this dissertation we study the problem of determining the 3D structure of a scene given images of it from various views. We built Biclops, a two camera directed vision system. Each camera is mounted on a Pan-Tilt unit which can be independently controlled. Biclops is built as a tool so that it can be picked up by an industrial robot. This eye in hand system is used to find the structure of the scene. Two robots are mounted on a Robot Transport Unit (RTU) on either end. We use lines in the images and find their intersection points and use them to make the necessary correspondence between the points in different views. Lines and point features and their corresponding entities are used to determine the 3D structure of the scene. The 3D structure is transferred to the other robot space for it to access the objects in the scene. The accuracy of 3D structure of the scene found is dependent on the accuracy of the various parameters of the underlined equipment. We go a step further to improve the accuracy of the parameters of various equipments used. We developed a new method called ViCKi (virtual close loop kinematic method) to calibrate the industrial robots and the RTU equipment using a laser pointer. We also calibrate the pan tilt units of the Biclops using the laser pointer tool. Various experiments are done to show the accuracy of the calibration methods. This calibrated equipment is used to find the 3D structure of a scene. Various experiments are done to prove the concept that using lines and intersection points are better than using the traditional corner features. The robot uses this 3D structure to pick up the objects. We also used the lines and intersection points to find a track painted on the ground. A robotic mobile platform is used and a vision system is built. The vision system takes pictures of the track and finds its 3D location. The RMP plans it trajectory to follow the track without losing the track out of sight.
Negative pH and Extremely Acidic Mine Waters from Iron Mountain, California (1999)

Extremely acidic mine waters with pH values as low as −3.6, total dissolved metal concentrations as high as 200 g/L, and sulfate concentrations as high as 760 g/L, have been encountered underground in the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, CA. These are the most acidic waters known. The pH measurements were obtained by using the Pitzer method to define pH for calibration of glass membrane electrodes. The calibration of pH below 0.5 with glass membrane electrodes becomes strongly nonlinear but is reproducible to a pH as low as −4. Numerous efflorescent minerals were found forming from these acid waters. These extreme acid waters were formed primarily by pyrite oxidation and concentration by evaporation with minor effects from aqueous ferrous iron oxidation and efflorescent mineral formation.
Tyrosine protein kinase activity of human hyperplastic prostate and carcinoma cell lines PC3 and DU145. (1989)

Using the substrate poly[Glu80Na,Tyr20] [poly(GT)] and the autoradiographic detection of alkali-resistant phosphoproteins after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, tyrosine protein kinase (TPK) has been evidenced in human hyperplastic prostates (BPH) and the prostatic carcinoma cell lines PC3 and DU145. The enzyme was mainly found in the soluble fractions from hyperplastic tissues and in Triton extracts from the cell lines. However, its specific activity in tissues was 1.5- to 4.5-fold times higher in particulate than in soluble fractions and it was of the same order of magnitude as that of neoplastic cells. Under these conditions, no activity was detected in human seminal plasma and in sera from normal adult males or patients with BPH and/or prostatic carcinoma. On the other hand, some TPK activity was associated with human spermatozoa, with a specific activity 4- to 6-fold lower than in BPH tissue fractions and a total activity, per 10(6) cells, 5- to 20-fold lower than that in prostatic carcinoma cells. The activity of prostatic TPK was dependent upon the presence of the divalent cations Mn2+ or Mg2+ and it was completely abolished by heat denaturation. Angiotensin II, casein, and histone H2B were poor substrates compared to poly(GT). The TPK activities towards poly(GT) as well as endogenous proteins were not stimulated by epidermal growth factor and insulin or by dihydrotestosterone and estradiol. The autoradiography of alkali-resistant phosphoproteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed several bands in both BPH tissues and neoplastic cells (molecular weight ranging from 17,000 to 200,000). Preliminary characterization of TPK by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 showed that the soluble enzyme from BPH tissues had a molecular weight of 50,000, while the particulate-associated TPK, when assayed on poly(GT), eluted with proteins of Mr 210,000. When these peak fractions were used for endogenous phosphorylation, several major alkali-resistant phosphoproteins in the range of Mr 40,000-60,000 were evidenced, together with a Mr 110,000 band phosphorylated by the particulate TPK of Mr 210,000. In similar conditions, the TPK solubilized from rat liver membranes and partially purified by gel filtration was associated with a Mr 170,000 alkali-resistant phosphoprotein. Thus, TPKs are expressed in BPH tissues and carcinoma cell lines. In BPH tissues, two forms of TPK are expressed and the predominant enzyme is soluble and of low molecular weight (Mr 40,000-60,000).
Demonstration of resonant transmission in InAs/GaSb/InAs interband tunneling devices (1990)

We have performed a theoretical and experimental analysis of current transport in InAs/GaSb/InAs interband tunneling devices as a function of GaSb layer width. Our results demonstrate that current transport in these devices occurs not through simple ohmic conduction, as had been previously proposed, but via light-hole-like resonances in the GaSb valence band formed due to the imperfect matching of InAs conduction-band and GaSb valence-band wave functions at the InAs/GaSb interfaces. These resonances produce a strong dependence of the current-voltage characteristics on GaSb layer width that is both predicted theoretically and observed experimentally. Our results also suggest that coupling between InAs conduction-band and GaSb heavy-hole valence-band states is relatively unimportant in these devices. In addition, we have been able to obtain peak current densities of ∼9×104 A/cm2, significantly higher than any previously reported current densities for this structure.
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF AMINO ACIDS IN THE MANNICH REACTION (1976)

Abstract The Use of Amino Acids in the Mannich Reaction.
Towards a User-Centric and Quality-Aware Multimedia Service Delivery Implementation on IP Multimedia Subsystem (2007)

IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) originating from the 3GPP is pivotal on the road to next generation all-IP networks. Multimedia applications are potential drivers for the adoption of next generation IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) and could be a decisive factor in its deployment. They are expected to generate revenue to the operators and justify their investment in IMS. And, for these multimedia services to be widely accepted by the end users, guaranteed and adaptable quality of service provision across heterogeneous access networks and heterogeneous device types is mandatory. In this paper, a generic, adaptive, controlled service delivery framework implementation for multimedia applications on IMS architecture is proposed. The framework is designed to be user-centric, adaptable to terminal mobility and session mobility with minimum session disruption enabling a better end-to-end QoS. It is at the session-level, completely user-driven and does not account for the network-level QoS. It employs the Session initiation protocol (SIP), which is the signaling protocol for the 3GPP specified IMS. The purpose behind designing the framework is to evaluate the provisioning of quality-adaptive multimedia services on IMS network and analyze the performance with respect to delay induced by quality adaptation procedures during session and terminal mobility which might contribute towards the end-to- end quality of service delivered to the users.
Desiccation Tolerance in the Resurrection Plant<i>Craterostigma plantagineum</i>. A Contribution to the Study of Drought Tolerance at the Molecular Level (2001)

Adverse environmental conditions restrict the productivity and the range of habitats available to plants.This represents a severe economic constraint on agricultural production.Plants as sessile organisms have evolved a wide spectrum of adaptations to cope with the challenges of environmental stress.Quite often, however, adaptation mechanisms themselves adversely affect yield parameters, and a compromise between biomass production and environmental fitness has to be accepted.One major factor that limits the productive potential of higher plants is the availability of water.The International Water Management Institute predicts that by the year 2025, one-third of the world's population will live in
Characterization of a New Organosilicon Photoresist (1987)

For a number of years, there has lo'ep. great interest in organometallic based photoresists for use as the top layer in multilevel resist schemes.-' In general, bilevel approaches to lithography are forced upon the industry as a means of planarizing topography for a subsequent patterning step. This pattern is initially defined by exposure and development of a thin top layer (0.3 to 0.5μm) over the thicker bottom layer (1.0 to 2.0μm). (See Figure 1). In a conventional bilevel approach, the chosen bottom layer is photoactive at a wavelength for which the top is relatively opaque. The top level acts as a portable conformable mask (PCM) for image transfer through the bottom layer after its exposure and wet development. By using a silicon containing photoresist on the top image transfer may be accomplished using an oxygen plasma instead of a second exposure and development. The PCM in this case acts as an etch mask by forming a silicon dioxide crust in the plasma which slows the etch rate of the top versus the bottom layer. A generic curve of etch rate of a photoresist versus percent silicon by weight is shown in Figure 2. The shape is similar over a wide range of organosilicon polymers.5,6
Bring ART into the ACT (2003)

ACT is compared with a particular type of connectionist model that cannot handle symbols and use nonbiological operations which do not learn in real time. This focus continues an unfortunate trend of straw man debates in cognitive science. Adaptive Resonance Theory, or ART-neural models of cognition can handle both symbols and subsymbolic representations, and meet the Newell criteria at least as well as connectionist models.
The primary response of human gamma/delta + T cells to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is restricted to V gamma 9-bearing cells. (1991)

We have previously reported that peripheral blood gamma/delta + T cells proliferate in high frequency (1 in 2-20) in response to heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.). In the present study, the T cell receptor phenotype of mycobacteria-responsive human gamma/delta + T cells was analyzed in primary cultures with a set of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against V gamma 9, V delta 1, and V delta 2. When unseparated T cells were stimulated with M.tb., all proliferating gamma/delta + T cells expressed V gamma 9 (and V delta 2) after culture. Selective depletion of V gamma 9-bearing cells before culture completely abolished the proliferative response of all gamma/delta + cells (but did not inhibit reactivity of alpha/beta + T cells). In addition, when CD4- CD8- thymocytes were stimulated with M.tb., there was again selective outgrowth of V gamma 9+ cells. In this case, the starting responder population contained few (0.5-1.8%) V gamma 9+ and many (11.5-31.5%) V delta 1+ cells that did not coexpress V gamma 9. These V delta 1+ cells were not activated by M.tb. but could be readily stimulated by anti-V delta 1 mAb A13. Finally, a V gamma 9-specific mAb selectively suppressed the proliferative response of gamma/delta + T cells to M.tb. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, within gamma/delta + T cells, reactivity towards M.tb. is an exclusive property of V gamma 9+/V delta (2+)-bearing cells.
One or Two Doses of Quadrivalent Meningococcal Serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine Is Immunogenic in 9- to 12-Month-Old Children (2013)

MenACWY-TT was immunogenic when administered as a single dose at 12 months of age, or as 2 doses at 9 and 12 months, and had a clinically acceptable safety profile. Good antibody persistence was observed through 12 months postvaccination after both treatment schedules for serogroups C, W-135, Y.
PREVALENCE OF C-ERBB3 EXPRESSION IN SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS OF THE CERVIX AS DETERMINED BY THE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY RTJ2 (1995)

The c-erbB3 protein is a member of the type 1 tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor family. We report on the production and characterisation of a monoclonal antibody, RTJ2, raised against a synthetic peptide from the cytoplasmic domain of the molecule. The antibody is specific for c-erbB3 protein as determined by Western blotting, immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry. Using this monoclonal antibody we have evaluated the prevalence of expression of the c-erbB3 protein in 72 squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix. 17 of the 72 (23.6%) tumours were found to overexpress c-erbB3 protein relative to the levels seen in the normal epithelium. Overexpression was not correlated with stage, grade or histologic subtype of the tumours. The high incidence of c-erbB3 overexpression relative to the normal tissue suggests a possible role for c-erbB3 in the oncogenesis of cervical epithelium.
Effects of Alkali Debranning, Roller Mill Cracking and Gap Setting, and Alkali Steeping Conditions on Milling Yields from a Dent Corn Hybrid (2000)

ABSTRACT Starch yield was significantly affected by all three main unit operations in alkali wet‐milling (debranning, roller milling, and steeping). The conditions for the three unit operations were studied using a single hybrid. Studies on debranning showed that optimal separation between pericarp and corn endosperm was obtained when corn was soaked in a 1.5–2% NaOH solution at 85°C for 5 min. Passing debranned corn through smooth roller mill once or twice did not affect the product yields, but passing the corn through the roller mill three times decreased the germ yield because of a large amount of broken germ. A 62% higher processing rate could be achieved when passing corn through the mill twice than by passing it through the mill once. The gap should be set at 2.0 mm when passing corn through the mill once, and it should be set at 3.5 mm for the first pass and 2.0 mm for the second pass when passing corn through the mill twice. Starch yield was more sensitive to NaOH concentration and steep temperature than to steep time. The highest starch yield was obtained when steeping corn in 0.5% NaOH for 1 hr at 45°C.
Phase Separation in Gelling Silica–Organic Polymer Solution: Systems Containing Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (1991)

Phase separation which occurs in parallel to the hydrolysis and gelation of alkoxysilane solution containing poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) has been investigated. Depending on the reaction conditions, gel morphologies such as isolated pores, particle aggregates, and interconnected continuous pores from 0.1 to 100 μm long have been observed. Time‐resolved light scattering of gelling solution suggested the occurrence of spinodal phase separation through the polymerization of silica and the subsequent freezing of the developing structure by sol‐gel transition. The effects of reaction parameters on the periodic size are explained mainly in terms of their influence on the “chemical cooling” rate which is determined by the polymerizatica rate of silica and the solubility of NaPSS in the reacting solution.
Psychopharmacological investigation of panic disorder by means of lactate infusion. (1987)

The contribution of research with lactate infusion to an understanding of agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder (PD) was reviewed. Lactate-induced panic seems to differentiate panic disorder from generalized anxiety disorder. Panic disorder seems to have important links to depression; both respond to tricyclic antidepressant drugs and neither responds well to the benzodiazepine antianxiety drugs. Response to pharmacotherapy, epidemiological surveys, and familial studies support the distinction between panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder and the overlap between major depression and panic disorder. Understanding the mechanism of lactate-induced attacks may provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of naturally occurring panic.
A PPM-like, tag-based branch predictor (2004)

This paper describes cbp1.5, the tag-based, global-history predictor derived from PPM that was rank five at the first Championship Branch Prediction competition. This predictor is a particular instance of a family of predictors which we call GPPM. We introduce GPPMideal, an ideal GPPM predictor. It is possible to derive cbp1.5 from GPPM-ideal by introducing a series of degradations corresponding to real-life constraints. We characterize cbp1.5 by quantifying the impact of each degradation on the distributed CBP traces. 1.
Characterization of temperature-sensitive and lipopolysaccharide overproducing transposon mutants of<i>Pseudomonas putida</i>CA-3 affected in PHA accumulation (2009)

A library of 20 000 transposon (Tn5) mutants of the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas putida CA-3 was generated and screened for adverse affects in polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation. Two mutants of interest were characterized phenotypically. CA-3-126, a mutant disrupted in a stress-related protein Clp protease subunit ClpA, demonstrated greater decreases in PHA accumulation compared with the wild type at reduced and elevated temperatures under PHA-accumulating growth conditions. CA-3-M, which is affected in the aminotransferase class I enzyme, accumulated reduced levels of PHA relative to the wild type and had lower growth yields on all carbon sources tested. Mutant CA-3-M produced up to 10-fold higher levels of lipopolysaccharide relative to the wild type and exhibited 1.2-fold lower aminotransferase activity with phenylalanine as a substrate compared with the wild-type strain. The composition of the lipopolysaccharide produced by the mutant differed from that produced by the wild-type strain. Growth and PHA accumulation by CA-3-M was the same as the wild type when the nitrogen concentration in the medium was increased to 265 mg N L(-1).
LIII.—The formation and reactions of iminocompounds. Part XV. The production of imino-derivatives of piperidine leading to the formation of the ββ-disubstituted glutaric acids (1911)

F. B. Thole and J. F. Thorpe, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1911, 99, 422 DOI: 10.1039/CT9119900422
Angiogenic Factors and the Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Women With Suspected Preeclampsia (2012)

In women with suspected preeclampsia presenting at <34 weeks, circulating sFlt1/PlGF ratio predicts adverse outcomes occurring within 2 weeks. The accuracy of this test is substantially better than that of current approaches and may be useful in risk stratification and management. Additional studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Three color cDNA microarrays: quantitative assessment through the use of fluorescein-labeled probes (2003)

Gene expression studies using microarrays have great potential to generate new insights into human disease pathogenesis, but data quality remains a major obstacle. In particular, there does not exist a method to determine prior to hybridization whether an array will yield high quality data, given good study design and target preparation. We have solved this problem through development of a three-color cDNA microarray platform where printed probes are fluorescein labeled, but are spectrally compatible with Cy3 and Cy5 dye-labeled targets when using confocal laser scanners possessing narrow bandwidths. This approach enables prehybridization evaluation of array/spot morphology, DNA deposition and retention and background levels. By using these measurements and the intra-slide coefficient of variation for fluorescence intensity we show that slides in the same batch are not equivalent and measurable prehybridization parameters can be predictive of hybridization performance as determined by replicate consistency. When hybridizing target derived from two cell lines to high and low quality replicate pairs (n = 50 pairs), a direct and significant relationship between prehybridization signal-to-background noise and post-hybridization reproducibility (R2 = 0.80, P < 0.001) was observed. We therefore conclude that slide selection based upon prehybridization quality scores will greatly benefit the ability to generate reliable gene expression data.
Using Kinect for face recognition under varying poses, expressions, illumination and disguise (2013)

We present an algorithm that uses a low resolution 3D sensor for robust face recognition under challenging conditions. A preprocessing algorithm is proposed which exploits the facial symmetry at the 3D point cloud level to obtain a canonical frontal view, shape and texture, of the faces irrespective of their initial pose. This algorithm also fills holes and smooths the noisy depth data produced by the low resolution sensor. The canonical depth map and texture of a query face are then sparse approximated from separate dictionaries learned from training data. The texture is transformed from the RGB to Discriminant Color Space before sparse coding and the reconstruction errors from the two sparse coding steps are added for individual identities in the dictionary. The query face is assigned the identity with the smallest reconstruction error. Experiments are performed using a publicly available database containing over 5000 facial images (RGB-D) with varying poses, expressions, illumination and disguise, acquired using the Kinect sensor. Recognition rates are 96.7% for the RGB-D data and 88.7% for the noisy depth data alone. Our results justify the feasibility of low resolution 3D sensors for robust face recognition.