gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs in the pathophysiology and treatment of status epilepticus (2013)

MicroRNAs are an important class of non-coding RNA which function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in cells, repressing and fine-tuning protein output. Prolonged seizures (status epilepticus, SE) can cause damage to brain regions such as the hippocampus and result in cognitive deficits and the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Emerging work in animal models has found that SE produces select changes to microRNAs within the brain. Similar changes in over 20 microRNAs have been found in the hippocampus in two or more studies, suggesting conserved microRNA responses after SE. The microRNA changes that accompany SE are predicted to impact levels of multiple proteins involved in neuronal morphology and function, gliosis, neuroinflammation and cell death. MicroRNA expression also displays select changes in the blood after SE, supporting blood genomic profiling as potential molecular biomarkers of seizure-damage or epileptogenesis. Intracerebral delivery of chemically-modified antisense oligonucleotides (antagomirs) has been shown to have potent, specific and long-lasting effects on brain levels of microRNAs. Targeting miR-34a, miR-132 and miR-184 has been reported to alter seizure-induced neuronal death, whereas targeting miR-134 was neuroprotective, reduced seizure severity during status epilepticus and reduced the later emergence of recurrent spontaneous seizures. These studies support roles for microRNAs in the pathophysiology of status epilepticus and microRNAs may represent novel therapeutic targets to reduce brain injury and epileptogenesis.
Studies on the advent of ureotelism. The effects of bivalent cations on the capacity of the hepatic arginase of the Mexican axolotl to hydrolyse endogenous arginine (1969)

1. The effects of 19 bivalent cations on the activity, stability and capacity to hydrolyse endogenous arginine of axolotl liver arginase were studied. 2. It was found that Fe(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+) and Zn(2+), as well as Mn(2+), stabilize the enzyme and render it able to hydrolyse endogenous arginine. 3. By using different concentrations of Co(2+) and Ni(2+) it was possible to dissociate the effect of each of the metal ions on the activity and stability of arginase from that on its capacity to hydrolyse endogenous arginine. 4. The effects of Mn(2+), Co(2+) and Ni(2+) on the activity and stability of arginase in the homogenate were also observed with purer preparations of the enzyme. 5. It is suggested that the capacity to hydrolyse endogenous arginine is a consequence of the integration of arginase with the arginine-formation sites.
Graphene nanoribbon molecular sensor based on inelastic transport (2014)

Results of phonon-assisted inelastic quantum transport calculations are presented for graphene nanoribbons. We consider a single molecule attached to a carbon atom and describe the electronic structure by a tight-binding model, taking into account a local phonon mode associated with the attached molecule characteristic vibration. The calculated transmission spectra reveal a striking sensitivity for molecules attached to the edges of asymmetric zigzag graphene nanoribbons. Our results show that the differential conductance may be used to identify the presence as well as the characteristic vibration frequency of a target molecule at finite temperatures.
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of Thin-Film M-I-M Diodes for Rectenna Array (2004)

A Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) diode is a high frequency device used for energy harvesting purpose in the RECTENNA. The main objective of this thesis work is to design, fabricate and characterize a thin-film MIM diode. A key issue associated in this research work is the development MIM diode with nanometer thin insulator region. The reason for the development of MIM diode is to rectify a wide spectrum of AC signal to usable DC power. In this thesis work, a planar MIM diode with Aluminum/Aluminum-Oxide/Gold has been fabricated. The thickness of the insulator region obtained was about 3nm. The Metal and insulator depositions were done by sputtering and plasma oxidation, respectively. I-V Characteristics of the diode was measured by making use of in-house set-up and 70% of the devices on a single wafer yielded with better result. Most of the I-V curves obtained were highly non-linear and asymmetric. Based on the I-V measurement, the logarithmic derivative of I vs. V was plotted and the tunneling behavior was also observed.
Buffer-based switched-capacitor gain stages (1988)

New unity-gain buffer-based switched-capacitor S/H circuit and gain stages are described which have low sensitivity to buffer gain and offset voltage, and are only moderately sensitive to stray capacitances. The circuits are simple, require fewer switches and less capacitance and offer higher speed, lower noise and lower DC power consumption than opamp based gain stages.
High Dielectric Constant Films of Amorphous LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Prepared by Sputtering Deposition (1981)

Thin films of amorphous LiNbO 3 were obtained by a sputtering deposition. The films were crystallized by annealing at 500°C. Measurements of dielectric constant and loss tangent were made for the as-grown film at 1 k to 1 MHz. A temperature dependence of the dielectric constant in a course of heating showed a peak at about 350°C. The peak value at 1 kHz reached 10 4 .
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence. 61. Near-IR Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence, Electrochemistry, and Spectroscopic Properties of a Heptamethine Cyanine Dye in MeCN (1997)

The oxidation of the heptamethine cyanine dye 2-[4‘-chloro-7‘-(1‘‘-methyl-3‘‘,3‘‘-dimethylindolin-2‘‘-ylidene)-3‘,5‘-(propane-1‘‘‘,3‘‘‘-diyl)-1‘,3‘,5‘-heptatrien-1‘-yl]-1-methyl-3,3-dimethylindolinium cation (HMC+) in the presence of tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) at +0.7 V vs SCE in MeCN produces near-IR electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) with an emission maximum at about 805 nm and a relative ECL quantum efficiency of 0.21 vs Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine) with TPrA in MeCN as a standard. The ECL emission spectra are identical to the photoluminescence spectra. The concentration dependence of the ECL is attributed to both self-absorption and competition by radical dimerization reactions. An oxidative-reduction mechanism for excited state formation is proposed and is compared to the Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA reference system. Digital simulation was employed to examine the kinetics of the homogeneous redox reaction between TPrA and HMC+. The rate constant for the catalytic reaction is >2000 M-1 s-1, and the lower limit for proton transfer is 107 M-1 s-1. Molecular mechanics calculations were used to determine the most stable configuration for the HMC+ molecule.
The unit-cell parameters of an ordered K-Rb alkali feldspar series (1980)

Seven ordered alkali feldspars in the series (K,Rb)AlSi3Os have been synthesized by ionexchange techniques. Microcline was prepared from a natural low albite by ion exchange. Nearly pure RbAlSirOs was prepared from this microcline by ion exchange in fused RbCl. Intermediate compositions were prepared by homogenizing mechanical mixtures of microcline and RbAlsi3o8. The cell parameters measured at room temperature show that a, c, v, p, and 7 increase nearly linearly with Rb-substitution, a decreases and D remains constant. Plots of lattice parameters against mean ionic radii in the ordered Na-K and K-Rb alkali feldspar series show discontinuities near compositions corresponding to Koo_.rNa-_55, eird to K,-. The first discontinuity occurs at near the same composition as the triclinic,/monoclinic transition in disordered Na-K feldspars at room temperature. The second discontinuity occurs at a composition close to that of pure microcline and is probably related to an as yet undetermined type of phase transition at room temperature, recently described for microcline by Openshaw et al. (1979a).
Heat shock protein hsp70 cognate gene expression in vegetative and reproductive organs of <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> (1989)

We have detected hsc70 gene expression (heat shock protein hsp70 cognate) during vegetative growth and reproductive development in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Using RNA from a tomato hsc70 cDNA as a probe in in situ hybridizations, we have determined expression patterns of hsc70 in nonstressed tomato roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and developing fruits. We have localized high levels of hsc70 transcript to the vascular system of the ovary, dividing cells of the lateral root tips, and the inner integument of developing seeds. We also see expression in the transmitting tissue, in immature anthers, and in embryos. We cannot detect expression in mature pollen, xylem, or ovules. These data indicate that the expression of at least some tomato hsp70 family members is developmentally regulated.
Body Cavity-Based Malignant Lymphoma Containing Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus in an HIV-Negative Man with Previous Kaposi Sarcoma (1996)

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus may be involved in the development of malignant lymphoma after Kaposi sarcoma in HIV-negative patients. This type of lymphoma, in contrast to body cavity-based lymphoma related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, may have an indolent clinical course.
Cerebrospinal fluid Ab40 and Ab42 natural course and clinical usefulness (2002)

Amyloid beta protein 40 (Abeta40) and 42 Abeta42, major components of senile plaque amyloids, are physiological peptides present in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. The levels of CSF Abeta40 and Abeta42(43) show a U-shaped natural course in normal aging. The increase of Abeta42(43) over 60 years of age is inhibited in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This specific alteration of CSF Abeta42(43) correlates with Abeta deposits in the AD brain providing a biological basis for a biomarker of AD. In the GTT2 study, assays of the CSF Abeta ratio ((Abeta40/ Abeta42(43)) showed a diagnostic sensitivity (59%) and specificity (88%) compared with non-AD type dementia and controls. The levels of the Abeta ratio increased from early to late stages of AD. Combination assays of CSF tau and Abeta ratio provided further efficient diagnostic sensitivity (81%) and specificity (87%). The reliability of the assay may prompt worldwide usage of these CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's patients.
An Integrated GNSS/INS/LiDAR-SLAM Positioning Method for Highly Accurate Forest Stem Mapping (2016)

Forest mapping, one of the main components of performing a forest inventory, is an important driving force in the development of laser scanning. Mobile laser scanning (MLS), in which laser scanners are installed on moving platforms, has been studied as a convenient measurement method for forest mapping in the past several years. Positioning and attitude accuracies are important for forest mapping using MLS systems. Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are typical and popular positioning and attitude sensors used in MLS systems. In forest environments, because of the loss of signal due to occlusion and severe multipath effects, the positioning accuracy of GNSS is severely degraded, and even that of GNSS/INS decreases considerably. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) can achieve higher positioning accuracy in environments containing many features and is commonly implemented in GNSS-denied indoor environments. Forests are different from an indoor environment in that the GNSS signal is available to some extent in a forest. Although the positioning accuracy of GNSS/INS is reduced, estimates of heading angle and velocity can maintain high accurate even with fewer satellites. GNSS/INS and the LiDAR-based SLAM technique can be effectively integrated to form a sustainable, highly accurate positioning and mapping solution for use in forests without additional hardware costs. In this study, information such as heading angles and velocities extracted from a GNSS/INS is utilized to improve the positioning accuracy of the SLAM solution, and two information-aided SLAM methods are proposed. First, a heading angle-aided SLAM (H-aided SLAM) method is proposed that supplies the heading angle from GNSS/INS to SLAM. Field test results show that the horizontal positioning accuracy of an entire trajectory of 800 m is 0.13 m and is significantly improved (by 70%) compared to that of a traditional GNSS/INS; second, a more complex information added SLAM solution that utilizes both heading angle and velocity information simultaneously (HV-aided SLAM) is investigated. Experimental results show that the horizontal positioning accuracy can reach a level of six centimetres with the HV-aided SLAM, which is a significant improvement (by 86%). Thus, a more accurate forest map is obtained by the proposed integrated method.
Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells promote activated protein C-protein S-mediated inactivation of factor Va. (1986)

Previous studies have demonstrated that protein S is required for optimal activated protein C-mediated inactivation of Factor Va on the surface of either the platelet or phospholipid vesicles. In this report we demonstrate assembly of the activated protein C-protein S complex on the surface of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Endothelial cell surface acceleration of Factor Va inactivation by activated protein C required the presence of protein S. Kinetic studies indicated that the rate of Factor Va inactivation was half-maximal at a protein S concentration of 0.2 nM and an activated protein C concentration of 0.05 nM. Binding of 125I-activated protein C to endothelial cell monolayers was absolutely dependent on the presence of protein S. At saturating levels of protein S, activated protein C binding was saturable with Kd = 0.04 nM. In contrast, specific, time-dependent, and saturable binding of 125I-protein S to endothelium occurred in the absence of activated protein C. Addition of activated protein C increased the affinity of protein S from Kd = 11 nM to 0.2 nM, but did not change the number of molecules bound per cell at saturation (85,000 molecules/cell). These studies suggest that activated protein C increases the affinity of protein S for pre-existing sites on the endothelial cell surface. The close correlation between the parameters of protein S-activated protein C binding to endothelium and Factor Va inactivation supports the concept that it is bound protein S and activated protein C that are the active species. Formation of functional activated protein C-protein S complexes thus occurs effectively on the endothelial cell surface and represents a new addition to the list of vessel wall anticoagulant properties.
Electrostrictive ceramics for underwater transducer applications (1994)

The electromechanical properties of two electrostrictive materials designed for use in underwater acoustic applications are determined as functions of temperature and electric field. The materials are 0.859 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.141 PbTiO3 doped with 2.5% SrTiO3 or BaTiO3. Dielectric properties are determined as functions of temperature and electric field. The equivalent piezoelectric coefficients were found as functions of temperature to be equal to or superior to the lead zirconate–titanate ceramics at very modest dc bias fields (2 kV/cm) at temperatures in the range from 10 to 35 °C. Outside of this temperature range, the piezoelectric and dielectric coefficents decrease rapidly. Electromechanical losses were found to be sufficiently small for the SrTiO3 composition but not the BaTiO3 composition.
Tamiflu: The Supply Problem (2006)

Taming of the flu: Shikimic and quinic acids are the established starting materials for Tamiflu, a viral neuraminidase inhibitor that is considered by many as the first-line treatment against a possible H5N1 (bird flu) pandemic. Several syntheses have been described recently that circumvent the use of these natural products. These, or related approaches, may provide an alternative practical approach to this important drug.
Wide-range electronic tuning of a Gunn diode by an yttrium-iron garnet (y.i.g.) ferrimagnetic resonator (1968)

A Gunn diode was mounted in a coaxial line circuit and tuned by a y.i.g. spherical single-crystal resonator. The oscillator could be tuned over the range 5.8–10.8 GHz and, over nearly all of this range, the frequency varied linearly with magnet-coil current. Although successful tuning has been achieved, many aspects of design remain to be studied.
Reducing Dynamic Energy of Variable Level Cache (2013)

Today, a high-performance and low-power processor is required. Even on an embedded processor, a large cache is implemented to achieve high performance, and leakage energy in such large cache has been increasing caused by scale down of semiconductor device. Therefore, reduction of cache leakage energy is very important. To reduce cache leakage energy, we propose a variable level cache (VLC) which reduces leakage energy with a little performance degradation. Generally, a required size of a cache depends on a program behavior. VLC dynamically estimates whether the current cache size is suitable for a running program, and if not VLC modifies its cache structure and cache hierarchy to change cache capacity. Since changing the cache construction and hierarchy incurs a large overhead, VLC adopts the low-overhead technique which reduces hierarchy changing overhead to prevent performance from degrading. However, previous VLC has a problem that dynamic energy consumption is increased because the technique needs many futile accesses. To solve the problem, this paper proposes the novel technique which reduces the number of the futile accesses to reduce dynamic energy consumption. According to our simulation results, the proposed VLC technique reduces 18% dynamic energy without performance degradation compared with the previous VLC.
Thermophysical property measurements using time-resolved photothermal deflection spectrometry with step optical excitation (2004)

This letter reports the theoretical and experimental results of thermophysical property measurements using our recently developed time-resolved photothermal deflection spectrometry (PDS) with step optical excitation. One-dimensional heat conduction boundary conditions of the third kind were derived, and a theoretical model with the boundary conditions was proposed. Both thermal diffusivity and effusivity of two well-known samples were precisely measured simultaneously by fitting experimental data to the theory. Thermal conductivity and unit volume specific heat then can be deduced. Moreover, time-resolved PDS with step optical excitation has the advantages of simpler experimental apparatus and less time consuming measurement, compared with the traditional periodically modulated PDS.
Evidence for kinetically distinct forms of pp60c-src with different Km values for their protein substrate. (1993)

The biphasic kinetics for phosphorylation of poly(E4Y) by the protein tyrosine kinase pp60c-src were examined. At pH 6.5 substrate inhibition was observed, whereas at pH 8.0 the kinetics were still biphasic, but the enzyme was no longer inhibited. The reaction rate increased in a nonlinear fashion with increasing concentration of substrate. The kinetics were examined from the view that the biphasic kinetics at pH 8.0 were due to two enzymes acting simultaneously on the same substrate. A 55-fold difference in Km values (0.029 versus 1.6 mg/ml) was calculated. The low Km form of the enzyme (0.043 mg/ml) was physically separated from the mixture of kinetic variants by immunoaffinity chromatography, and phosphorylation by protein kinase A resulted in the formation of an enzyme with an intermediate Km (0.3-0.4 mg/ml). The presence of multiple kinetic forms of this tyrosine kinase has important implications in our efforts to understand the role of pp60c-src in human oncology.
An AbrB-Like Transcriptional Regulator, Sll0822, Is Essential for the Activation of Nitrogen-Regulated Genes in <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 (2008)

Every cyanobacterial species possesses multiple genes encoding AbrB-like transcriptional regulators (cyAbrBs) distinct from those conserved among other bacterial species. In this study, two genes encoding cyAbrBs in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, sll0359 and sll0822, were insertionally disrupted in order to examine their physiological roles. A fully segregated disrupted mutant of sll0822 (Deltasll0822 mutant) but not of sll0359 was obtained, although both mutants exhibited similar phenotypes (i.e. decreases in growth rate and pigment content). The growth rate of the Deltasll0822 mutant was low under any condition, but the low pigment content could be partially recovered by nitrate supplementation of the medium. DNA microarray and RNA-blot analyses revealed that the level of expression of a part of the NtcA regulon, such as urtA, amt1, glnB, sigE, and the nrt operon, was significantly decreased in the Deltasll0822 mutant, although the induction of these genes upon nitrogen depletion was still observed to some extent. Sll0822 seems to work in parallel with NtcA to achieve flexible regulation of the nitrogen uptake system. The Sll0822 protein exists mainly in a dimeric form in vivo, and the amount of the protein was not affected by nitrogen availability. This observation, together with the low binding specificity of the purified histidine-tagged Sll0822 protein, implies that the activity of Sll0822 may be posttranslationally modulated in Synechocystis cells.
A “Smart” <sup>129</sup>Xe NMR Biosensor for pH-Dependent Cell Labeling (2015)

Here we present a "smart" xenon-129 NMR biosensor that undergoes a peptide conformational change and labels cells in acidic environments. To a cryptophane host molecule with high Xe affinity, we conjugated a 30mer EALA-repeat peptide that is α-helical at pH 5.5 and disordered at pH 7.5. The (129)Xe NMR chemical shift at room temperature was strongly pH-dependent (Δδ = 3.4 ppm): δ = 64.2 ppm at pH 7.5 vs δ = 67.6 ppm at pH 5.5, where Trp(peptide)-cryptophane interactions were evidenced by Trp fluorescence quenching. Using hyper-CEST NMR, we probed peptidocryptophane detection limits at low-picomolar (10(-11) M) concentration, which compares favorably to other NMR pH reporters at 10(-2)-10(-3) M. Finally, in biosensor-HeLa cell solutions, peptide-cell membrane insertion at pH 5.5 generated a 13.4 ppm downfield cryptophane-(129)Xe NMR chemical shift relative to pH 7.5 studies. This highlights new uses for (129)Xe as an ultrasensitive probe of peptide structure and function, along with potential applications for pH-dependent cell labeling in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Machinability and Optimization of Shrouded Centrifugal Impellers for Implantable Blood Pumps (2017)

This paper describes the use of analytical methods to determine machinable centrifugal impeller geometries and the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for predicting the impeller performance. An analytical scheme is described to determine the machinable geometries for a shrouded centrifugal impeller with blades composed of equiangular spirals. The scheme is used to determine the maximum machinable blade angles for impellers with three to nine blades in a case study. Computational fluid dynamics is then used to analyze all the machinable geometries and determine the optimal blade number and angle based on measures of efficiency and rotor speed. The effect of tip width on rotor speed and efficiency is also examined. It is found that, for our case study, a six- or seven-bladed impeller with a low blade angle provides maximum efficiency and minimum rotor speed.
Code construction and decoding of parallel concatenated tail-biting codes (2001)

Based on the two-dimensional (2-D) weight distribution of tail-biting codes we give guidelines on how to choose tail biting component codes that are especially suited for parallel concatenated coding schemes. Employing these guidelines, we tabulate tail-biting codes of different rate, length, and complexity. The performance of parallel concatenated block codes (PCBCs) using iterative (turbo) decoding is evaluated by simulation and bounds are calculated in order to study their asymptotic performance.