gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucose 6-Phosphate Produced by Glucokinase, but Not Hexokinase I, Promotes the Activation of Hepatic Glycogen Synthase (1996)

In a previous study (O'Doherty, R. M., Lehman, D. L., Seoane, J., Gómez-Foix, A. M., Guinovart, J. J., and Newgard, C.B. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 20524-20530), we demonstrated that adenovirus-mediated overexpression of glucokinase but not hexokinase I has a potent enhancing effect on glycogen synthesis in primary hepatocytes. In an effort to understand the underlying mechanism of this differential effect of the two hexokinase isoforms, we have investigated changes in key intracellular metabolites and the activation state of glycogen synthase in cells treated with recombinant adenoviruses expressing the liver isoform of glucokinase (AdCMV-GKL) or hexokinase I (AdCMV-HKI). Glucose 6-phosphate (Glu-6-P) levels are elevated from approximately 1.5 nmol/mg protein to 8-10 nmol/mg protein in both AdCMV-GKL- and AdCMV-HKI-treated hepatocytes as glucose is raised from 1 to 5 mM, levels four times higher than those in untreated cells. In AdCMV-GKL-treated cells, Glu-6-P continues to accumulate at glucose levels greater than 5 mM, reaching a maximum of 120 nmol/mg protein in cells incubated at 25 mM glucose, a value 10 and 50 times greater than the maximal levels achieved in AdCMV-HKI-treated and untreated cells, respectively. In parallel with the changes observed in Glu-6-P levels, increases in UDP-Glc in AdCMV-HKI- and AdCMV-GKL-treated cells were most pronounced at low (1-5 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose levels, respectively. Despite the significant increases in Glu-6-P and UDP-Glc achieved in AdCMV-HKI-treated cells, only AdCMV-GKL-treated cells exhibited increases in glycogen synthase activity ratio and translocation of the enzyme from a soluble to a particulate form relative to untreated control cells. We conclude that Glu-6-P produced by overexpressed glucokinase is glycogenic because it effectively promotes activation of glycogen synthase. Glu-6-P produced by overexpressed hexokinase, in contrast, appears to be unable to exert the same regulatory effects, probably due to the different subcellular distribution of the two glucose-phosphorylating enzymes.
The Internet Encyclopedia (2004)

Game Design: Games for the World Wide Web (B. Maxim). Gender and Internet Usage (R. Dholakia, et al.). Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Internet (H. Cetin). Global bDiffusion of the Internet (N. Dholakia, et al.). Global Issues (B. Gupta). Groupware (P. Balthazard & R. Potter). Guidelines for a Comprehensive Security System (M. Lenk). Health Insurance and Managed Care (E. Pracht). Health Issues (D. Lukoff & J. Gackenbach). History of the Internet (J. Sherry & C. Brown). HTML/XHTML (HyperText Markup Language/Extensible HyperText Markup Language) (M. Michael). Human Factors and Ergonomics (R. Proctor & K. Vu). Human Resource Management (D. Stone, et al.). Information Quality in Internet and E Business Environments (L. English). Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN): Narrowband and Broadband Services and Applications (J. Thompson). Intelligent Agents (D. Zeng & M. Nissen). Interactive Multimedia on the Web (B. Furht & O. Marques). International Cyberlaw (J. Gladstone). International Supply Chain Management (G. LaPoint & S. Webster). Internet Architecture (G. Knight). Internet Censorship (J. Hersberger). Internet Etiquette (Netiquette) (J. Kayany). Internet Literacy (H. Bidgoli). Internet Navigation (Basics, Services, and Portals) (P. Reddy). Internet Relay Chat (IRC) (P. Witt). Internet Security Standards (R. Panko). Internet2 (L. Bruenjes, et al.). Intranets (W. Schiano). Intrusion Detection Techniques (P. Ning & S. Jajodia). Inventory Management (J. Carrillo, et al.). Java (J. Simon & C. Campbell). JavaBeans and Software Architecture (N. Medvidovic & N. Mehta). JavaScript (C. Roussos). JavaServer Pages (JSP) (F. Pratter). Knowledge Management (R. Tidd). Law Enforcement (R. Vaughn & J. Simon). Law Firms (V. Dennis & J. Simon). Legal, Social, and Ethical Issues (K. Himma). Library Management (C. Sitter). Linux Operating System (C. Abzug). Load Balancing on the Internet (J. Wei, et al.). Local Area Networks (W. Summers). Machine Learning and Data Mining on the Web (Q. Yang). Managing a Network Environment (H. Latchman & J. Walters). Managing the Flow of Materials Across the Supply Chain (M. Holweg & N. Rich). Marketing Communication Strategies (J. Strauss). Marketing Plans for E commerce Projects (M. Roldan). Medical Care Delivery (S. Schwaitzberg). Middleware (R. Simon). Mobile Commerce (M. Cronin). Mobile Devices and Protocols (J. Mariga & B. Pobanz). Mobile Operating Systems and Applications (J. Mariga). Multimedia (J. Bargsten). Multiplexing (D. Whitmore). Nonprofit Organizations (D. Nesbary). Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) (J. Morabito & E. Stohr). Online Auctions (G. Anders). Online Auction Site Management (P. Wurman). Online Banking and Beyond: Internet Related Offerings from U.S. Banks (S. Wan). Online Communities (L. Sproull). Online Dispute Resolution (A. Gaitenby). Online News Services (Online Journalism) (B. Garrison). Online Public Relations (K. Hallahan). Online Publishing (R. Brooks). Online Religion (T. Ciolek). Open Source Development and Licensing (S. Henry). Organizational Impact (J. Mendonca).
L'imagerie ultrasonore (1983)

Parallèlement au développement des nouvelles techniques d'imagerie (scanner à rayons X, résonance magnétique nucléaire, radar à ouverture synthétique...), les applications de l'imagerie ultrasonore connaissent des progrès spectaculaires. Après un rappel des principes de l'imagerie ultrasonore, on propose une revue synthétique de la recherche dans ce domaine. Une comparaison des succès obtenus en diagnostic médical, en contrôle non destructif et en imagerie sous-marine est présentée. On met en évidence l'originalité d'un certain nombre de techniques d'imagerie ultrasonore relativement aux techniques de l'imagerie optique. On décrit en particulier les nouvelles techniques de reconstruction tomographique en mode échographique qui sont appelées à un grand essor. C'est l'utilisation de techniques de traitement du signal sophistiquées qui permet cette nouvelle approche en échographie et qui doit déboucher d'ici peu sur une imagerie « quantitative » des paramètres acoustiques.
Mechanisms of Stereoscopic Processing: Stereoattention and Surface Perception in Depth Reconstruction (1995)

Consideration of the range of phenomena from studies of human stereopsis suggests that a five-stage model is required to provide a complete account of the processes involved, within which any stereoattention mechanism must operate. The information from the disparity field of the optical projections to the two eyes (stage 1) goes to a set of parallel Keplerian arrays of disparity detectors, each array selective for a different spatiotemporal property of the visual images (stage 2). Global interactions produce a cyclopean depth image that is cleaned of the spurious ghost images in the Keplerian arrays (stage 3) and that may then be processed for its (hypercyclopean) from elements (stage 4). Finally, there must be a stage of integration of the stereoscopic depth cues with monocular and kinesthetic depth cues to form the overall map of perceived distance (stage 5). The fact that multiple cyclopean surfaces may be perceived as transparent implies that the stereoscopic system is not limited by a singular-surface constraint. However, it is unclear whether multiple surfaces can be seen simultaneously or whether only one surface is seen at a time by a selective-attention process, with the others perceived as a purely inchoate (qualitative) depth impression. New experiments on cueing of ambiguous stereocorrugations by singular flat planes suggest that selective stereoattention is a powerful mechanism. In fact, the results show that attention can be focused not just in horopteral planes but in a variety of depth configurations. Moreover, this attention focus may act as a tracking mechanism to allow perception of smooth cyclopean stereomotion, which has a frequency response up to approximately 5 Hz (in contrast to the approximately 15 Hz limit for detecting planar disparity shifts as jerky appearance and disappearance effects). Finally, the spatial limits of stereosurface reconstruction are explored with cyclopean targets to show some interesting asymmetries of the surface-wrapping process that may represent object-oriented constraints on depth reconstruction.
Graphene one-shot micro-valve: Towards vaporizable electronics (2015)

One-shot micro-valves are key to applications that require leak-proof sealing of micro-cavities before they are irreversibly triggered to expose the cavity content to the outside environment. Here, we report a novel micro-scale one-shot valve made of graphene transferred on to silicon-nitride (Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</inf> ) membranes. The valve triggers thermo-mechanically in 15.4±3.9 msec consuming 142.1±13.5 mW electrical power, corresponding to 2.2 mJ input energy. The valve membrane can sustain a differential pressure of 2 bars. The graphene serves multiple purposes in the device, acting as an atomically thin barrier to gas-diffusion, a resistive heater, and a source of stress in triggering the valve owing to its negative thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). The valve is designed to trigger and expose arrays of nanogram micro-packets of reactive alkali metal atoms such as rubidium, exposing it to atmospheric oxygen causing it generate heat. This heat can be used for massively parallel vaporization of vaporizable polymer electronics. A 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> Li-battery can trigger 1580 valves on a single chip for enabling transient electronics.
Use of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Cramér–Von Mises and Related Statistics Without Extensive Tables (1970)

Summary This paper gives modifications of eleven statistics, usually used for goodness of fit, so as to dispense with the usual tables of percentage points. Some test situations are illustrated, and formulae given for calculating significance levels.
A Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithm Based on Consistent Hash (2018)

In order to optimize the load balancing ability of Web cluster, a load balancing algorithm––DCH based on consistency hash is proposed in this paper. First, we define the quantitative values of all the performance indicators of each server in the cluster, and calculate the initial virtual node set according to the quantization value, and optimize the uneven load distribution caused by the server performance differences. Then, the load definition is refined, and the collection of virtual nodes is calculated dynamically based on the measured server performance value and load value, so that the cluster load is more balanced. Experiments show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the average response time of the cluster system, improve the system throughput, and enhance the performance of the cluster system as a whole.
Context-Aware Deep Learning-Driven Framework for Mitigation of Security Risks in BYOD-Enabled Environments (2018)

The proliferation of smart phones and ubiquitous Internet access enable the emergence of BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) as an effective policy to increase efficiency and productivity in the workplace. The adoption of BYOD, however, gives rise to a number of security threats, including sensitive information infiltration and exfiltration, DoS attacks and privacy violation. This work proposes a framework to address precisely this issue. The main focus of the paper is on exploring the viability of BYOD in supporting collaboration among team members, in a heterogeneous mobile computing environments. The basic tenet of this work is to leverage artificial neural networks (ANN) and decision tree (DT) machine learning (ML) techniques to identify any attempts for access to sensitive information by nonlegitimate users and to facilitate the framework to baffle their access, in order to protect the data. The goal becomes even more challenging, incorporating the demands for low latency and high accuracy of the framework. The main contributions of the include the formulation of the BYOD unauthorized access control problem, a framework that uses ANN and DT ML techniques to detect anomalous behaviors and to identify unauthorized access to resources on BYOD devices. The proposed security techniques are implemented and evaluated, using a real dataset.
Photochemical Upconversion Approach to Broad-Band Visible Light Generation (2008)

The sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) of 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA) upon selective excitation of [Ru(dmb)3]2+ (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) at 514.5 nm in dimethylformamide (DMF) resulted in upconverted and downconverted DMA excimer photoluminescence. The triplet excited state of [Ru(dmb)3]2+ is efficiently quenched by 11 mM DMA in DMF resulting in photon upconversion but no excimer formation. The bimolecular quenching constant of the dynamic quenching process is 1.4 x 109 M-1 s-1. At 90 mM DMA, both upconversion and downconversion processes are readily observed in aerated DMF solutions. The TTA process was confirmed by the quadratic dependence of the upconverted and downconverted emission emanating from the entire integrated photoluminescence profile (400-800 nm) of DMA measured with respect to incident light power. Time-resolved emission spectra of [Ru(dmb)3]2+ and 90 mM DMA in both aerated and deaerated DMF clearly illustrates the time-delayed nature of both types of singlet-state emission, which interestingly shows similar decay kinetics on the order of 14 mus. The emission quantum yields (Phi) measured using relative actinometry increased with increasing DMA concentrations, reaching a plateau at 3.0 mM DMA (Phi = 4.0%), while at 90 mM DMA, the overall quantum yield diminished to 0.5%. The dominant process occurring at 3.0 mM DMA is upconversion from the singlet excited state of DMA, whereas at 90 mM DMA, both upconversion and excimeric emission are observed in almost equal portions, thereby resulting in an overall broad-band visible light-emission profile.
A Study on 3-dimensional Condylar Movements in Lateral Mandibular Movements. Part 1. A New Condylar Reference Point for Analysis of Lateral Mandibular Movements. (1993)

We researched the point on kinematic axis which had a minimal range of motion in lateral excursive movements. We called that lateral condylar reference point (LCR point).We studied the range of motion, the relative position to the arbitrary point and to the morphological center of the condyle of the following 4 points: kinematic axis point, hinge axis point, cross point and LCR point.1. The range of motion of the LCR point was 0.47mm (anteroposterior), 0.79mm (lateral), 0.74mm (vertical) and 0.90mm (3-D).It was the smallest among the 4 points.2. The LCR point was located 1.31mm medial to the morphological center of the condyle.3. The LCR point was located 3.62mm anteriorly, 24.18mm medially and 4.57mm superiorly to the arbitrary point. Therefore, the LCR point is a suitable analysing point on the condyle in lateral mandibular movements.
"Reverse" and "Symmetrical" Analogues of Actinomycin D: Matabolic Actication and in Vitro and in Vivo Tumor Growth Inhibitory Activities (1985)

Two new classes of actinomycin D analogues, tetracyclic "reverse" analogues and a tricyclic "symmetrical" analogue of actinomycin D, are reported. These analogues bind to DNA and the binding does not occur by an intercalation mechanism. The analogues inhibit the synthesis of DNA and RNA in P388 tumor cells and the growth of CCRF-CEM cells in vitro at nanomolar concentrations. The tetracyclic "reverse" analogues, which are structurally related to the previously reported actinomycin D oxazolyl analogues, are metabolized in the presence of rat hepatic microsomes and tumor cell homogenates. The metabolism takes place with the loss of the oxazole ring; thus the "reverse" analogues produce a major metabolite which is the "symmetrical" analogue; the actinomycin oxazolyl analogues generate 7-hydroxyactinomycin D. Further, the microsomes activate the analogues to free-radical states which catalyze the production of superoxide as shown by stimulation of epinephrine oxidation and also indicated by electron paramagnetic resonance studies. The "symmetrical" and "reverse" analogues also demonstrate very high activities in these systems. In in vivo studies using P388/S, P388/ADR leukemia, and B16 melanoma in mice, the analogues showed increased activity and superior therapeutic index values, in comparison to actinomycin D.
Conditional inactivation of <i>Fbxw7</i> impairs cell-cycle exit during T cell differentiation and results in lymphomatogenesis (2007)

Cell proliferation is strictly controlled during differentiation. In T cell development, the cell cycle is normally arrested at the CD4(+)CD8(+) stage, but the mechanism underlying such differentiation-specific exit from the cell cycle has been unclear. Fbxw7 (also known as Fbw7, Sel-10, hCdc4, or hAgo), an F-box protein subunit of an SCF-type ubiquitin ligase complex, induces the degradation of positive regulators of the cell cycle, such as c-Myc, c-Jun, cyclin E, and Notch. FBXW7 is often mutated in a subset of human cancers. We have now achieved conditional inactivation of Fbxw7 in the T cell lineage of mice and found that the cell cycle is not arrested at the CD4(+)CD8(+) stage in the homozygous mutant animals. The mutant mice manifested thymic hyperplasia as a result of c-Myc accumulation and eventually developed thymic lymphoma. In contrast, mature T cells of the mutant mice failed to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimulation and underwent apoptosis in association with accumulation of c-Myc and p53. These latter abnormalities were corrected by deletion of p53. Our results suggest that Fbxw7 regulates the cell cycle in a differentiation-dependent manner, with its loss resulting in c-Myc accumulation that leads to hyperproliferation in immature T cells but to p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in mature T cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Carborane Chemistry at Work and at Play (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Methioninol (1955)

Abstract Durch Reduktion von DL ‐Methionin‐isopropylester und D ‐Methionin‐isopropylester mittels Lithium‐aluminiumhydrid wurden die Aminoalkohole DL ‐Methioninol und D ‐Methioninol dargestellt. Von beiden werden Hydrochloride, O, N‐Di‐[p‐nitrobenzoyl]‐Derivate und die entsprechenden Sulfone beschrieben.
A Mathematical Model for the Trajectory of a Spiked Volleyball and its Coaching Application (1994)

A wind tunnel test was conducted to empirically determine the relationship between the Magnus force (M), spin rate (ω), and linear velocity (V) of a spiked volleyball. This relationship was applied in a two-dimensional mathematical model for the trajectory of the spiked volleyball. After being validated mathematically and empirically, the model was used to analyze three facets of play that a coach must address: the importance of topspin, possibility of overblock spiking, and optimum spiking points. It was found that topspin can increase the spiking effectiveness dramatically in many ways. It was also found that a shot spiked from about 2 m behind the net has the least possibility of being blocked.
Testing of an on-board emergency flight planner (2002)

Faced with a failure aboard an aircraft, pilots must generate a flight-plan to effectively and safely control the plane to touchdown. However, forming a safe flight-plan requires accurately predicting the complex interaction of the hybrid discrete-continuous behaviors of the pilot-aircraft system. It was hypothesized that an in-flight planning tool would aid the pilot in forming and verifying flight-plans. A two-stage process was used to determine whether this was true. First, a prototype was developed that contained the core concepts required for such a system. Then an experiment was performed to investigate the usefulness of this prototype and to gather general information about how pilots plan following an emergency and how cockpit systems might aid in this process. This paper discusses the results of the experiment.
Improved Fringe Carrier Technique For Unambiguous Determination Of Holographically Recorded Displacements (1985)

This paper presents an improved technique that eliminates the ambiguity in holographic fringe interpretation. The technique is based upon generating a high density linear phase carrier. Introduction of the carrier results in the formation of a fringe pattern that has monotonically increasing fringe orders. Any deformation of the object under study produces a corresponding perturbation of the carrier pattern. If the carrier dominates, the perturbed pattern continues to have monotonically increasing fringe orders and thus allows the fringe order to be determined at any point without ambiguity. The phase change due to deformation alone is obtained by subtracting the known linear carrier from the modulated fringe pattern. The process of data reduction is so straightforward that skillful human interpretation is no longer required. This simplification of the fringe interpretation process will pave the way for automatic data acquisition in holographic interferometry.
Simultaneous Determination of the Adsorption Constant and the Photoinduced Electron Transfer Rate for a Cds Quantum Dot–Viologen Complex (2011)

Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy of solution-phase mixtures of colloidal CdS quantum dots (QDs) with acid-derivatized viologen molecules, N-[1-heptyl],N'-[3-carboxypropyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium dihexafluorophosphate (V(2+)), indicates electron transfer occurs from the conduction band of the QD to the LUMO of V(2+) after photoexcitation of a band-edge exciton in the QD. Analysis of the magnitude of the ground state bleach of the QD as a function of the molar ratio QD:V(2+) yields the QD-ligand adsorption constant, K(a) (4.4 × 10(4) M(-1)) for V(2+) ligands adsorbed in geometries conducive to electron transfer. The value of K(a), together with the measured rates of (i) formation of the V(+•) electron transfer product and (ii) recovery of the ground state bleach of the QD, enables determination of the intrinsic rate constant for charge separation, k(CS,int) ~ 1.7 × 10(10) s(-1), the rate for a single QD-V(2+) donor-acceptor pair. This analysis confirms previous reports that the number of ligands adsorbed to each QD is well-described by a Poisson distribution. This is the first report where the QD-ligand charge transfer and binding equilibria are quantitatively investigated simultaneously with a single technique.