gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The paradox of tumor-associated neutrophils: Fueling tumor growth with cytotoxic substances (2010)

Human cancers are comprised of numerous cell types including neutrophils. Although often ignored, neutrophils are frequently present at sites of tumorigenesis including the kidney, breast, colon and lung. These cells possess substances such as reactive oxygen species and proteinases that are capable of modifying tumor growth and invasiveness. This review addresses recent reports describing both pro-host and pro-tumor roles for neutrophils and neutrophil-derived substances and will examine the alterations in neutrophil behavior that explain this apparent biological discrepancy. Unfortunately, with the exception of investigator driven manipulation of neutrophil function, these cells function overwhelmingly against the host in the setting of cancer. Many cancers are capable of recruiting neutrophils to sites of tumorigenesis where they enhance tumor growth. Identification of the neutrophil-derived substances that promote tumor growth may yield novel therapeutic approaches to inhibit cancer progression. Alternatively, strategies designed to generate highly activated and cytotoxic neutrophils within the tumor microenvironment may provide a means to unleash the tumoricidal potential of the host's innate immune response.
Tumor cell-specific blockade of CXCR4/SDF-1 interactions in prostate cancer cells by hTERT promoter induced CXCR4 knockdown: A possible metastasis preventing and minimizing approach (2008)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 pathway has been shown to play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis and siRNA expression using cell-specific promoters has been demonstrated to be a potential tool for targeted gene therapy. Here, we illustrate that human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter-induced CXCR4 knockdown inhibits PCa bone metastasis. We first investigated CXCR4 expressions and interactions of CXCR4/SDF-1 in PCa cells, developed a retrovirus system that could stably express CXCR4 small hairpin RNA driven by hTERT promoter and then determined the inhibitory effects of cell-specific blockade of CXCR4/SDF-1 pathway on PCa metastasis. It was shown that both PCa tissues and cell lines expressed CXCR4 and the expression in PCa tissue had a positive correlation to clinical stages while not to Gleason scores or serum PSA level. PCa metastases most presenting human tissues expressed high levels of SDF-1. Exogenous SDF-1 enhanced in vitro adhesion, migration and invasion of PCa cells and these bioeffects were repressed by hTERT promoter-induced CXCR4-shRNA expression. This CXCR4 knockdown was also found to significantly inhibit bone metastasis in vivo. We conclude that CXCR4/SDF-1 pathway plays an important role in PCa bone metastasis. hTERT promoter-induced tumor cell-specific CXCR4 gene silencing may prevent in vitro invasiveness and in vivo bone metastasis of PCa. These findings may enable new avenues of prevention and treatment for PCa metastasis.
Introducing the red cell storage lesion (2016)

The storage of red blood cells under standard blood‐banking conditions leads to a decline in red cell quality and function known as the red cell storage lesion. These changes are linked to alterations in cellular biochemical processes, biomechanical effects and damage from oxidation. Although storage‐related alterations in red cells can be readily measured in the laboratory, the clinical impact of the storage lesion is not as easy to demonstrate. While some immediate differences between fresh and stored cells can be measured, red cells recover in the circulation to some degree upon transfusion with a concomitant reduction in the effect of the storage lesion. The clinical literature is inconsistent with studies arguing that long‐term stored red cells have a clinical impact and other studies including recent randomized controlled trials have failed to show any effect of the storage lesion on patient outcomes. Amelioration of the storage lesion will require further development of novel storage processes as well as an increased understanding of the role that donor‐specific factors play in product quality.
A Requirement Engineering Approach for Designing XML-View Driven, XML Document Warehouses (2006)

The extensible markup language (XML) has emerged as the dominant standard in describing and exchanging data among heterogeneous data sources. The increasing presence of large volumes of data appearing in enterprise settings creates the need to investigate XML document warehouses (XDW) as a means of handling and analysing XML data for business intelligence. In our previous work, we proposed a conceptual modelling approach for the design and development of XDWs, with emphasis on capturing data warehouse requirements early in the design stage. To address this issue, in this paper, we explore a requirement engineering (RE) approach, namely the goal-oriented approach. We adopt and extend the notion of this approach and introduce the XDW requirement model. This focuses on deriving dimensions, as opposed to associating organizational objectives to the system functions, which is carried out by the traditional requirement engineering process.
Photovoltaic module performance and durability following long-term field exposure (1999)

This paper summarizes test procedures, results, and implications of in-depth investigations of the performance and durability characteristics of commercial photovoltaic modules after long-term field exposure. New diagnostic test procedures for module reliability research are discussed and illustrated. A collaborative effort with U.S. module manufacturers aimed at achieving 30-year module lifetimes is also described.
Human gamma-tubulin functions in fission yeast. (1994)

gamma-Tubulin is a phylogenetically conserved component of microtubule-organizing centers that is essential for viability and microtubule function. To examine the functional conservation of gamma-tubulin, we have tested the ability of human gamma-tubulin to function in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We have found that expression of a human gamma-tubulin cDNA restores viability and a near-normal growth rate to cells of S. pombe lacking endogenous gamma-tubulin. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that these cells contained normal mitotic spindles and interphase microtubule arrays, and that human gamma-tubulin, like S. pombe gamma-tubulin, localized to spindle pole bodies, the fungal microtubule-organizing centers. These results demonstrate that human gamma-tubulin functions in fission yeast, and they suggest that in spite of the great morphological differences between the microtubule-organizing centers of humans and fission yeasts, gamma-tubulin is likely to perform the same tasks in both. They suggest, moreover, that the proteins that interact with gamma-tubulin, including, most obviously, microtubule-organizing center proteins, must also be conserved. We have also found that a fivefold overexpression of S. pombe gamma-tubulin causes no reduction in growth rates or alteration of microtubule organization. We hypothesize that the excess gamma-tubulin is maintained in the cytoplasm in a form incapable of nucleating microtubule assembly. Finally, we have found that expression of human gamma-tubulin or overexpression of S. pombe gamma-tubulin causes no significant alteration of resistance to the antimicrotubule agents benomyl, thiabendazole and nocodazole.
Human-compliant body-attached soft robots towards automatic cooperative ultrasound imaging (2016)

Ultrasound imaging procedures are deemed as one of the most convenient and least invasive medical diagnostic imaging modalities and have been widely utilized in health care providers, which are expecting semiautomatic or fully-automatic imaging systems to reduce the current clinical workloads. This paper presents a portable and wearable soft robotic system which has been designed with the purpose of replacing the manual operation to cooperatively steer the ultrasound probe. This human-compliant soft robotic system, which is equipped with four separated parallel soft pneumatic actuators and is able to achieve movements in three directions. Vacuum suction force is introduced to attach the robot onto the intended body location. The design and fabrication of this soft robotic system are illustrated. To our knowledge, this is the first body-attached soft robot for compliant ultrasound imaging. The feasibility of the system is demonstrated through proof-of-concept experiments.
Overhead minimization techniques for digital phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer (2012)

One emerging trend of implementing phase locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizers is to leverage digital signal processing in the loop filtering for more flexibility, scalability and smaller silicon area. This paper examines the pros and cons of such digital-intensive PLL architecture, and discusses techniques to minimize its overhead in terms of implementation cost and performance degradation. A hardware prototype in 65nm CMOS that synthesizes frequencies over 600-800 MHz is shown to prove the effectiveness the proposed overhead minimization techniques.
Fast Spin-Orbit Qubit in an Indium Antimonide Nanowire (2013)

Because of the strong spin-orbit interaction in indium antimonide, orbital motion and spin are no longer separated. This enables fast manipulation of qubit states by means of microwave electric fields. We report Rabi oscillation frequencies exceeding 100 MHz for spin-orbit qubits in InSb nanowires. Individual qubits can be selectively addressed due to intrinsic differences in their g factors. Based on Ramsey fringe measurements, we extract a coherence time T(2)(*)=8±1 ns at a driving frequency of 18.65 GHz. Applying a Hahn echo sequence extends this coherence time to 34 ns.
Role Based Access Control and OWL (2008)

Current access control research follows two parallel themes: many efforts focus on developing novel access control models meeting the policy needs of real world application domains while others are exploring new policy languages. This paper is motivated by the desire to develop a synergy between these themes facilitated by OWL. Our vision for the future is a world where advanced access control concepts are embodied in models that are supported by policy languages in a natural intuitive manner, while allowing for details beyond the models to be further speciﬁed in the policy language. In this paper we speciﬁcally study the relationship between the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and the Role Based Access Control (RBAC) model. Although OWL is a web ontology language and not speciﬁcally designed for expressing authorization policies, it has been used successfully for this purpose in previous work such as KAoS and Rei. We show two different ways to support the NIST Standard RBAC model in OWL and then discuss how the OWL constructions can be extended to model attribute-based RBAC or more generally attribute-based access control.
High order neural networks (1989)

Summary form only given. The author presents a specific high order neural network design which can store using n neurons any number M, 1<or=M<or=2/sup n/, of any of the binomial n-strings; in a schematic representation the model requires only 5n+M(1+2n) edges. Each stored n-string represents a memory as a constant attractor trajectory of an n-dimensional differential equation dynamical system, a memory model neural network. With sufficiently high gains, the only stable attractors are the memories. Thus the memory model amounts to a solution of a version of the fundamental memory problem posed elsewhere. The memory model can be used in error-correcting decoding of any binary string code and, in particular, has been used to correct single errors in a linear code with n=7 and single and double errors in a nonlinear code with n=11.<<ETX>>
Kinetics of the hydrolysis and condensation of organofunctional alkoxysilanes: a review (1992)

A review of the literature is presented for the hydrolysis of alkoxysilane esters and for the condensation of silanols in solution or with surfaces. Studies using mono-, di-, and trifunctional silane esters and silanols with different alkyl substituents are used to discuss the steric and electronic effects of alkyl substitution on the reaction rates and kinetics. The influences of acids, bases, pH, solvent, and temperature on the reaction kinetics are examined. Using these rate data, Taft equations and Bronsted plots are constructed and then used to discuss the mechanisms for acid and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of silane esters and condensation of silanols. Practical implications for using organofunctional silane esters and silanols in industrial applications are presented.
Approximate ML decoding of coded PSK with no explicit carrier phase reference (1994)

An approximate method is discussed for maximum likelihood estimation of coded PSK sequences in the presence of an unknown carrier phase. This method makes use of the Viterbi algorithm to find an optimum path in the encoder trellis diagram. Phase estimation is embedded into the structure of the detection algorithm and the branch metrics in the trellis are modified with respect to those employed with known carrier phase. Comparisons with traditional decoding schemes show that the proposed solution has better performance in terms of acquisition time and cycle slips.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photoluminescence studies of the effects of interruption during the growth of single GaAs/Al0.37Ga0.63As quantum wells (1986)

Low-temperature excitation and photoluminescence spectra are described for single GaAs/Al0.37Ga0.63As quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy with and without a 2-min interruption of growth at the heterointerfaces. The spectra from samples grown with interruption include well-resolved multiple sharp peaks which are due to changes in well thickness of one monolayer and to bound excitons. These peaks are as narrow as 1.0, 1.7, and 6.0 meV for single wells of width 57, 28, and 17 Å, respectively.
Autoproteolytic Cleavage and Activation of Human Acid Ceramidase (2008)

Herein we report the mechanism of human acid ceramidase (AC; N-acylsphingosine deacylase) cleavage and activation. A highly purified, recombinant human AC precursor underwent self-cleavage into alpha and beta subunits, similar to other members of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase superfamily. This reaction proceeded with first order kinetics, characteristic of self-cleavage. AC self-cleavage occurred most rapidly at acidic pH, but also at neutral pH. Site-directed mutagenesis and expression studies demonstrated that Cys-143 was an essential nucleophile that was required at the cleavage site. Other amino acids participating in AC cleavage included Arg-159 and Asp-162. Mutations at these three amino acids prevented AC cleavage and activity, the latter assessed using BODIPY-conjugated ceramide. We propose the following mechanism for AC self-cleavage and activation. Asp-162 likely forms a hydrogen bond with Cys-143, initiating a conformational change that allows Arg-159 to act as a proton acceptor. This, in turn, facilitates an intermediate thioether bond between Cys-143 and Ile-142, the site of AC cleavage. Hydrolysis of this bond is catalyzed by water. Treatment of recombinant AC with the cysteine protease inhibitor, methyl methanethiosulfonate, inhibited both cleavage and enzymatic activity, further indicating that cysteine-mediated self-cleavage is required for ceramide hydrolysis.
On-line Boundary-Scan Testing in Service of Extended Products (2006)

Boundary-Scan testing has become increasingly popular in the research & development and the manufacturing of modern electronics. Simple boards and complex multi-board systems can effectively be tested using the IEEE-1149.1 standard compliant equipment from the product design phase through to mainstream manufacturing. However, in situations of field-level product failures there have been limited diagnostic choices available. For detailed fault analysis, the product is shipped to a central repair facility, or the fault diagnosis and repair is carried out by field service personnel sent to the site. This paper describes solutions for providing on-line boundary-scan access to remotely located embedded electronics, and may serve as inspiration to the emerging SJTAG (System-JTAG) standard effort. These solutions enable an extended service strategy to be provided for embedded products that require high availability and fault tolerance, or alternatively enable upgrading of the existing set of product features.
Parameter selection of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (2007)

In the view of the Quantum-mechanical field,a Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is proposed by Sun et,which outperforms traditional PSOs in search ability as well as having less parameter.This paper focuses on discussing how to select parameter when QPSO is practically applied.After the QPSO algorithm is described,the experiment results of stochastic simulation are given to show how the selection of the parameter value influences the convergence of the particle in QPSO.Finally,two parameter control methods are presented and experiment results on the benchmark functions testify their efficiency.
UNITY INOVA NMR Spectrometer Systems Installation Planning (2004)

Thirty patients with persistent chronic daily headache, unresponsive to various combinations of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment were selected for an open label study using divalproex sodium. All patients had normal liver function tests. After a baseline observation period of 1 month, patients were given divalproex sodium 1000 to 2000 mg per day, for a period of 3 months. Blood valproic acid levels were kept between 75 and 100 mcg/ml. Liver function studies and blood ammonia levels were obtained periodically. Based on weekly headache index, headache-free days, dysfunctional days and patients' general well-being rating and physicians' global assessment, two thirds of the patients improved significantly. The common side effects included weight gain, tremor, hair loss and nausea. Liver functions were unaffected by treatment. The possible mechanism of action of valproate in headache is discussed. Valproate appears to be a worthwhile addition to the prophylactic treatment of chronic recurrent headache.
Fusion of Sensor Data in Siemens Car Navigation System (2007)

Car navigation systems have three main tasks, namely 1) positioning; 2) routing; and 3) navigation (guidance). Positioning of the car is carried out by appropriately combining information from several sensors and information sources, including odometers, gyroscopes, Global Positioning System (GPS) information, and digital maps. This paper describes two sensor-fusion steps implemented in commercial Siemens car navigation systems. The first step is the fusion of the odometer, gyroscope, and GPS sensory information. The dynamic model of the car movement is implemented in a Kalman filter, which relays the GPS signal as a teacher. In the second step, the available digital map is used to find the most likely position on the roads. Contrary to the standard application of the digital map, where the current estimated car position is just projected on the road map, the approach presented here compares the features of the integrated vehicle path with the features of the candidate roads from the digital map. In addition, this paper presents the results of the experimental drives. The developed car navigation system was awarded the best car navigation system among ten competing systems in 2002 by the Auto Build magazine
TacTowers (2010)

The interactive training equipment, TacTower, is aimed at <br/>supporting multiple elite athletes, such as handball players <br/>in training their micro-tactical skills in close-contact situations. <br/>It focuses on psychomotor abilities and trains the <br/>skills involved in reading the opponents’ actions and anticipating <br/>the outcome while reacting accordingly. The Tac- <br/>Tower prototype will be demonstrated live, and here we <br/>summarize the main design issues, to give the reader a <br/>sense of how the elite sports context stands out from other <br/>interaction design domains. There is much potential for <br/>interaction design for the elite athletic community, as this <br/>domain holds interesting challenges while also inspiring <br/>relevant, new forms of interaction design for other domains.
Functional properties of four splice variants of a human pancreatic tandem-pore K<sup>+</sup> channel, TALK-1 (2003)

TALK-1a, originally isolated from human pancreas, is a member of the tandem-pore K+ channel family. We identified and characterized three novel splice variants of TALK-1 from human pancreas. The cDNAs of TALK-1b, TALK-1c, and TALK-1d encode putative proteins of 294, 322, and 262 amino acids, respectively. TALK-1a and TALK-1b possessed all four transmembrane segments, whereas TALK-1c and TALK-1d lacked the fourth transmembrane domain because of deletion of exon 5. Northern blot analysis showed that among the 15 tissues examined, TALK-1 was expressed mainly in the pancreas. TALK-1a and TALK-1b, but not TALK-1c and TALK-1d, could be functionally expressed in COS-7 cells. Like TALK-1a, TALK-1b was a K+-selective channel that was active at rest. Single-channel openings of TALK-1a and TALK-1b were extremely brief such that the mean open time was <0.2 ms. In symmetrical 150 mM KCl, the apparent single-channel conductances of TALK-1a and TALK-1b were 23 +/- 3 and 21 +/- 2 pS at -60 mV and 11 +/- 2 and 10 +/- 2 pS at +60 mV, respectively. TALK-1b whole cell current was inhibited 31% by 1 mM Ba2+ and 71% by 1 mM quinidine but was not affected by 1 mM tetraethylammonium, 1 mM Cs+, and 100 microM 4-aminopyridine. Similar to TALK-1a, TALK-1b was sensitive to changes in external pH. Acid conditions inhibited and alkaline conditions activated TALK-1a and TALK-1b, with a K1/2 at pH 7.16 and 7.21, respectively. These results indicate that at least two functional TALK-1 variants are present and may serve as background K+ currents in certain cells of the human pancreas.
Scene behavioral composition interface using motif widgets (2002)

Interactive animation systems for a long time have been mainly used for reviewing motions or adjusting a few control parameters of a predefined behavior process. The present paper extends the potential of interactive systems to the modeling of complex scene behaviors. Three editing levels, step, style, and sequence, are supported from the interface structured using a set of motif widgets. Complex scene behaviors are modeled based on two types of constraints: passive and active. Passive constraints are the ones that must be satisfied to produce collision-free motion in an environment. These constraints are automatically handled by the system, and served as the basic layer for modeling behaviors at higher levels. Active constraints are the user inputs to the animation process. The inputs which are independent of the main action course are incorporated into the control process any time. The ones which are not are maintained in queues until a suitable transition time comes. The system has been used as a test-bed for exploring various scene dancing behaviors.
Microwave scatterometry in support of space-borne scientific missions (1994)

The interpretation of satellite radar observations of the Earth's surface requires models to link the observations to physical processes. These models require validation through surface measurements. This paper describes a mobile radar scatterometer designed to complement the vertical incidence measurements of satellite radar altimeters. The instrument has been successfully deployed in Antarctica and an Australian desert to make measurements contemporaneous with satellite observations. The key findings from these field experiments are briefly described and results which have implications for synthetic aperture radar studies of similar terrain are presented.