gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atrial natriuretic factor: radioimmunoassay and effects on adrenal and pituitary glands. (1986)

A simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed for measurement of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (IR-ANF) in rat and human plasma and in rat atria. The two atria contain about 20 micrograms ANF per rat. The right atrium contained 2.5 times more ANF than did the left. Ether anesthesia and morphine markedly increased IR-ANF in rat plasma. The concentration of IR-ANF in plasma of clinically normal human subjects was 65.3 +/- 2.5 pg/ml. Paroxysmal tachycardia and rapid atrial pacing significantly increased IR-ANF in human plasma. Two- to seven-fold higher concentrations were found in coronary sinus blood than in the peripheral circulation. In the plasma of rats and humans, circulating ANF is probably a small-molecular-weight peptide. ANF acts on the adrenal and the pituitary. ANF inhibits aldosterone secretion from rat zona glomerulosa and steroid secretion by bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa and fasciculata. ANF stimulated the basal secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in vitro and inhibited KCl-stimulated release of AVP.
Large Area Si Substrates for InP Based Electronics and Optical Device Manufacturing (2003)

InP-based materials enable optoelectronic and high speed devices. InP structures are limited in a real size, which greatly adds to the cost of InP devices. Conversely, silicon wafers are an order of magnitude larger and less costly. This STTR program seeks to create device quality InP layers on silicon substrates. The lattice mismatch between Si and InP would normally create defects in the crystal and result in poor material quality. To achieve good InP growth, a thin oxide buffer layer is grown on top of the Si prior to the InP. This oxide layer absorbs the strain mismatch between the two materials. The Phase I has demonstrated InP on Silicon with good structural and optical quality. Optimization of the process will be conducted in Phase II.
Low-carbon acclimation in carboxysome-less and photorespiratory mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (2011)

Using metabolic and transcriptomic phenotyping, we studied acclimation of cyanobacteria to low inorganic carbon (LC) conditions and the requirements for coordinated alteration of metabolism and gene expression. To analyse possible metabolic signals for LC sensing and compensating reactions, the carboxysome-less mutant ΔccmM and the photorespiratory mutant ΔglcD1/D2 were compared with wild-type (WT) Synechocystis. Metabolic phenotyping revealed accumulation of 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG) in ΔccmM and of glycolate in ΔglcD1/D2 in LC- but also in high inorganic carbon (HC)-grown mutant cells. The accumulation of photorespiratory metabolites provided evidence for the oxygenase activity of RubisCO at HC. The global gene expression patterns of HC-grown ΔccmM and ΔglcD1/D2 showed differential expression of many genes involved in photosynthesis, high-light stress and N assimilation. In contrast, the transcripts of LC-specific genes, such as those for inorganic carbon transporters and components of the carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM), remained unchanged in HC cells. After a shift to LC, ΔglcD1/D2 and WT cells displayed induction of many of the LC-inducible genes, whereas ΔccmM lacked similar changes in expression. From the coincidence of the presence of 2PG in ΔccmM without CCM induction and of glycolate in ΔglcD1/D2 with CCM induction, we regard a direct role for 2PG as a metabolic signal for the induction of CCM during LC acclimation as less likely. Instead, our data suggest a potential role for glycolate as a signal molecule for enhanced expression of CCM genes.
Missense mutations of BRCA1 gene affect the binding with p53 both in vitro and in vivo (2006)

Women with BRCA1 gene mutations have an increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer (BOC). Classification of missense variants as neutral or disease causing is still a challenge and has major implications for genetic counseling. BRCA1 is organized in an N-terminal ring-finger domain and two BRCT (breast cancer C-terminus) domains, involved in protein-protein interaction. The integrity of the C-terminal, BRCT repeat region is also critical for BRCA1 tumor suppressor function. Several molecular partners of BRCA1 have so far been identified; among them, the tumor suppressor protein p53 seems to play a major role. This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of two missense mutations, namely the W1837R and the S1841N, previously identified in BOC patients and located in the BRCT domain of the BRCA1 gene, on the binding capacity of this protein to p53. Co-immunoprecipitation assays of E. coli-expressed wild-type and mutated BRCTs challenged with a HeLa cell extract revealed, for the S1841N variant a significant reduction in the binding activity to p53, while the W1837R mutant showed an inverse effect. Furthermore, a clonogenic soft agar growth assay performed on HeLa cells stably transfected with either wild-type or mutant BRCA1 showed a marked decrease of the growth in wild-type BRCA1-overexpressing cells and in BRCA1S1841N-transfected cells, while no significant changes were detected in the BRCA1W1837R-transfected cells. These results demonstrate that: i) distinct single nucleotide changes in the BRCT domain of BRCA1 affect binding of this protein to the tumor suppressor p53, and ii) the two missense mutations here described are likely to play a role in breast tumorigenesis. We suggest that in vitro/in vivo experiments testing the effects of unclassified BRCA1 gene variants should therefore be taken in to consideration and that increased surveillance should be adopted in individuals bearing these two BRCA1 missense alterations.
STABLE PLAN A R TYPE FOUR-MIRROR CAVITY DEVELOPMENT FOR X-RAY PRODUCTION AS BASIC DEVELOPMENT OF QUANTUM BEAM TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM (2011)

According to the plan of Quantum Beam Technology Program, a new beam line using superconducting RF cavity accelerating system is now under construction. To obtain quasi-monochromatic X-ray via inverse Compton scattering, highly intensified laser beam is also needed. In this report, we describe out R&D situations about pulsed laser system that consists of laser oscillator, amplifier, and external optical cavity.
Mapping indoor environments based on human activity (2010)

We present a novel approach to build approximate maps of structured environments utilizing human motion and activity. Our approach uses data recorded with a data suit which is equipped with several IMUs to detect movements of a person and door opening and closing events. In our approach we interpret the movements as motion constraints and door handling events as landmark detections in a graph-based SLAM framework. As we cannot distinguish between individual doors, we employ a multi-hypothesis approach on top of the SLAM system to deal with the high data-association uncertainty. As a result, our approach is able to accurately and robustly recover the trajectory of the person. We additionally take advantage of the fact that people traverse free space and that doors separate rooms to recover the geometric structure of the environment after the graph optimization. We evaluate our approach in several experiments carried out with different users and in environments of different types.
Polymerase Chain Reaction in High Surface-to-Volume Ratio SiO<sub>2</sub> Microstructures (2004)

We have performed the Taqman beta-actin PCR system in high-surface-to-volume ratio (0.02-0.13 microm(-1)) SiO2 microchannels and observed the reaction yield and uniformity. The concentrations of the enzyme, magnesium chloride, and reaction template were varied in the reaction mix, and PCR amplification was performed in devices of various surface-to-volume ratios. We found that microchannels with higher surface-to-volume ratios required higher enzyme concentrations to achieve the same amplification efficiency. We investigated the possibility that the observed reaction nonuniformity was related to the specific adsorption of magnesium ions to the negatively charged SiO2 surface. The effect of several modifications to the reaction chemistry, the addition of the caged-magnesium dye DM-Nitrophen, the replacement of human DNA template with PCR product, and the coating of the microchannel surface with Teflon were all studied. These modifications resulted in improved reaction uniformity in the microchannels and present opportunities for further studies on enhancing the efficiency and uniformity of PCR in high surface-to-volume ratio SiO2 microchannels.
Femtosecond Spectroscopic Investigation of the Carrier Lifetimes in Digenite Quantum Dots and Discrimination of the Electron and Hole Dynamics via Ultrafast Interfacial Electron Transfer (2003)

For the CuxS system there exists several known solid phases such as Cu2S (chalcocite), Cu1.8S (digenite), Cu1.96S (djurleite), and CuS (covellite). All of these phases have been identified as p-type semiconducting materials due to copper vacancies within the lattice, which is responsible for their usefulness as optoelectronic materials. The different CuxS phases show reportedly low band gap energies of ≥1.2 eV for the bulk, which makes them potentially ideal for application purposes of photoinduced voltaics or catalysis where activation through visible light is desired. In this study, we report on the femtosecond carrier dynamics of digenite copper sulfide quantum dots. Digenite quantum dots were prepared by a single source precursor type process and the optical transitions and dynamic properties of the photoinduced charge carriers in these novel nanomaterials characterized by femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. It is found that the larger quantum dots have longer excited-state lifetimes, which implies a strong surface-induced effect on the relaxation dynamics. In addition, the dynamics of the electron was differentiated from that of the hole by employing the technique of rapid (<100 fs) electron trapping at adsorbed organic electron acceptors such as benzoquinone.
Emergence of a new neotropical malaria vector facilitated by human migration and changes in land use. (2002)

In a region of northeastern Amazonia, we find a species previously of minor importance, Anopheles marajoara, to be the principal malaria vector. In a total of five collections during 1996-97 in three replicated sites near the city of Macapá, Amapá state, this species occurs in much greater abundance compared with the presumed vector Anopheles darlingi. Also, a significantly higher proportion of An. marajoara is infected with malaria parasites, determined by the ELISA technique. This appears to be the result of increased abundance of An. marajoara due to alterations in land use, invasion of its primary breeding sites by human immigrants, and its anthropophilic behavior. This discovery highlights one of the challenges of Neotropical malaria control, namely that the targeting of specific vectors may be complicated by a changing mosaic of different locally important vectors and their interactions with human populations.
Multiply Bridged Diantimony Compounds (1994)

Abstract Metathesis reactions between compounds containing either double, (Ph2SbBrO)2, or single, (Ph3SbBr)2O, Sb-O-Sb bridges and arsinates, phosphinates, phosphates and carboxylates have been used in attempts to form products containing, respectively, quadruple and triple bridges. Although triply bridged systems are obtained from (Ph3SbBr)2O and both the arsenic and phosphorus based ligands, only the former react with (Ph2SbBrO)2 to produce products with four bridges between the antimony atoms. Ligand bite is considered to be an important parameter in stabilising such products.
Indomethacin and celecoxib improve tendon healing in rats (2003)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the formation of bone. However, they have been shown to increase tensile strength in healing tendons. Most NSAIDs inhibit two isoforms of cyclooxygenases called Cox-1 and Cox-2. Thanks to fewer side-effects, the recently introduced selective cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitors will probably promote more widespread use of this kind of drug. To clarify the effects on tendon healing of a general Cox-inhibitor (indomethacin) as well as a selective Cox-2 inhibitor (celecoxib), we resected 3 mm of the Achilles tendon in rats and measured the strength of the tendon regenerate. Indomethacin given as daily injections in doses of 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 mg/kg reduced the thickness (cross-sectional area) of the tendon regenerate at 14 days, as compared to controls, but there was no difference in the failure load or stiffness. In another series of measurements, indomethacin in a dose of 3.0 mg/kg reduced the cross-sectional area at 10, 14 and 18 days after transsection. Failure load was not affected, but tensile stress at failure was increased by indomethacin at 14 and 18 days. Indomethacin (3 mg/kg) was then compared to celecoxib (4.5 mg/kg) and controls 14 days after tendon transsection. No difference between the drugs was seen. Again, the transverse area was smaller in the treated tendons than in the controls. Failure load was unchanged and the tensile stress was higher in the treated tendons than in the controls. Because of the reduction in cross-sectional area without an effect on failure load, the use of Cox-inhibitors may be beneficial in clinical situations where thickening of a healing tendon is a problem--e.g., in the hand or shoulder.
Oxidation of ketene‐S,S‐acetals, thioacetals, and thioketals by dimethyldioxirane: A convenient method for the preparation of bis‐sulfones (1994)

Abstract The oxidation of a series of ketene‐S,S‐acetals, 2a – f , and a series of thioacetals and thioketals, 4a – g , with a fourfold or greater excess of dimethyldioxirane, 1 , produced the corresponding bis‐sulfones 3a – f and 5a – g in excellent yields. The reaction of the bis‐sulfides with one, two, and three equivalents of 1 yielded monosulfoxides, bis‐sulfoxides, and sulfoxide‐sulfones, respectively, as the major products. The order of addition of the reactants as well as the temperature of the reaction mixture changed the product distributions. The use of low‐temperature, rapid stirring and the addition of the dioxirane solution to the bis‐sulfide maximized the yield of the major product. The results are consistent with an electrophilic oxygen‐atom transfer mechanism in which the rate of sulfide oxidation is much faster than oxidation of sulfoxide to sulfone. However, sulfoxide oxidation is of a sufficient rate such that local concentration effects affect the results.
Temporal discounting of monetary rewards in children and adolescents with ADHD and autism spectrum disorders (2012)

It has been difficult to differentiate attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in terms of some aspects of their cognitive profile. While both show deficits in executive functions, it has been suggested that they may differ in their response to monetary reward. For instance, children with ADHD prefer small immediate over large delayed rewards more than typically developing controls. One explanation for this is that they discount the value of rewards to a higher degree as they are moved into the future. The current study investigated whether children with ADHD can be differentiated from those with ASD in terms of reward discounting. Thirty-nine children (8-16 y) with ADHD, 34 children with ASD and 46 typically developing controls performed a hypothetical monetary temporal discounting task. Participants were instructed to make repeated choices between small variable rewards (0, 5, 10, 20, 30€) delivered immediately and large rewards delivered after a variable delay. Children with ADHD but not ASD discounted future rewards at a higher rate than typically developing controls. These data confirm steeper discounting of future rewards in ADHD and add to a small but growing literature showing that the psychological profile of ADHD can be distinguished from that of ASD in terms of disrupted motivational processes.
Imaging Local Electric Field Distribution by Plasmonic Impedance Microscopy (2015)

We report on imaging of local electric field on an electrode surface with plasmonic electrochemical impedance microscopy (P-EIM). The local electric field is created by putting an electrode inside a micropipet positioned over the electrode and applying a voltage between the two electrodes. We show that the distribution of the surface charge as well as the local electric field at the electrode surface can be imaged with P-EIM. The spatial distribution and the dependence of the local charge density and electric field on the distance between the micropipet and the surface are measured, and the results are compared with the finite element calculations. The work also demonstrates the possibility of integrating plasmonic imaging with scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) and other scanning probe microscopies.
The role of oxidized lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (1992)

1. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been suggested to play an important role in atherogenesis by facilitating the accumulation of lipids in macrophages. In vitro studies from this laboratory have shown that oxidized LDL is recognized not only by the specific receptor for it, but also by the receptor which is common for oxidized LDL and acetyl LDL. Probucol, originally developed as an antioxidant, prevents the oxidative modification of LDL in vitro. Recent studies by the authors show that probucol prevents the progression of atherosclerosis in homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits in vivo without any changes in plasma LDL cholesterol levels. 2. These results strongly suggest that oxidative modification of LDL could occur in vivo and probucol could slow the progression of atherosclerosis, without changes in plasma cholesterol levels. 3. In addition, recently the authors demonstrated that high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are also oxidized. Once HDL particles were oxidized, they showed a lessened effect on the decrease of cholesteryl ester in foam cells, suggesting oxidative modification of HDL may stimulate development of atherosclerosis by limiting efflux of cholesterol from foam cells. Moreover, HDL particles from probucol-treated patients are hardly oxidized; subsequently, these HDL particles caused a marked efflux of cholesterol from foam cells.
Dimensionality Reduction of Multimodal Labeled Data by Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis (2007)

Reducing the dimensionality of data without losing intrinsic information is an important preprocessing step in high-dimensional data analysis. Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) is a traditional technique for supervised dimensionality reduction, but it tends to give undesired results if samples in a class are multimodal. An unsupervised dimensionality reduction method called localitypreserving projection (LPP) can work well with multimodal data due to its locality preserving property. However, since LPP does not take the label information into account, it is not necessarily useful in supervised learning scenarios. In this paper, we propose a new linear supervised dimensionality reduction method called local Fisher discriminant analysis (LFDA), which effectively combines the ideas of FDA and LPP. LFDA has an analytic form of the embedding transformation and the solution can be easily computed just by solving a generalized eigenvalue problem. We demonstrate the practical usefulness and high scalability of the LFDA method in data visualization and classification tasks through extensive simulation studies. We also show that LFDA can be extended to non-linear dimensionality reduction scenarios by applying the kernel trick.
SOCS-3 Is Tyrosine Phosphorylated in Response to Interleukin-2 and Suppresses STAT5 Phosphorylation and Lymphocyte Proliferation (1999)

Members of the recently discovered SOCS/CIS/SSI family have been proposed as regulators of cytokine signaling, and while targets and mechanisms have been suggested for some family members, the precise role of these proteins remains to be defined. To date no SOCS proteins have been specifically implicated in interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling in T cells. Here we report SOCS-3 expression in response to IL-2 in both T-cell lines and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. SOCS-3 protein was detectable as early as 30 min following IL-2 stimulation, while CIS was seen only at low levels after 2 h. Unlike CIS, SOCS-3 was rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated in response to IL-2. Tyrosine phosphorylation of SOCS-3 was observed upon coexpression with Jak1 and Jak2 but only weakly with Jak3. In these experiments, SOCS-3 associated with Jak1 and inhibited Jak1 phosphorylation, and this inhibition was markedly enhanced by the presence of IL-2 receptor beta chain (IL-2Rbeta). Moreover, following IL-2 stimulation of T cells, SOCS-3 was able to interact with the IL-2 receptor complex, and in particular tyrosine phosphorylated Jak1 and IL-2Rbeta. Additionally, in lymphocytes expressing SOCS-3 but not CIS, IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5b was markedly reduced, while there was only a weak effect on IL-3-mediated STAT5b tyrosine phosphorylation. Finally, proliferation induced by both IL-2- and IL-3 was significantly inhibited in the presence of SOCS-3. The findings suggest that when SOCS-3 is rapidly induced by IL-2 in T cells, it acts to inhibit IL-2 responses in a classical negative feedback loop.
B cell repertoires in HLA-sensitized kidney transplant candidates undergoing desensitization therapy (2017)

Relative abundance of different B cell isotypes is strongly perturbed by desensitization therapy and transplantation, potentially reflecting changes in the relative abundance of memory and naïve B cell compartments. Candidates that responded to therapy experienced similar changes to those that did not respond. Further studies are required to understand differences between these two groups of highly sensitized kidney transplant candidates.
East meets West: infection, nerves, and mast cells in the irritable bowel syndrome (2004)

The incidence of irritable bowel syndrome following acute gastroenteritis in China is similar to that reported in the UK and North America

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastroenterological disorder seen in Western societies where it imposes a major socioeconomic burden.1 The economic impact of IBS arises, at least in part, from difficulties in diagnosis and treatment, which in turn reflect our limited conceptualisation of this disorder. Recent studies have identified acute bacterial gastroenteritis as a strong risk factor for the development of IBS2 but evidence supporting this relationship is limited to studies performed in Western countries.3–7

Although IBS has received less attention in non-Western countries, available data suggest that it is common in the African continent,8–10 Malaysia,11 and China12 where the condition is significantly underdiagnosed by Western practitioners.13 This hesitation in diagnosing IBS in Eastern countries likely reflects uncertainty regarding the influence of culture and endemic infection on the clinical expression of IBS in these countries. Indeed, in countries where enteric parasitic infestation is common, there is controversy regarding the role of infection in the development of IBS, as eradication of the parasite may not improve IBS symptoms.14 However, studies in animal models suggest that the host response to the initial infection is a critical determinant of persistent gut dysfunction, and the continued presence of the parasite is not necessary for induction of a chronic dysfunctional …
The synthesis of metal organic compounds of calcium, strontium and barium by ammonia gas-saturated ethereal solvents (1991)

The activation of the alkaline earth metals Ca, Sr and Ba in ammonia gas-saturated ethereal solvents at room temperature leads to rapid reaction with hexamethyldisilazide, pentamethylcyclopentadiene, triphenylsilanol, phenylacetylene, and triphenylmethane to yield the corresponding silamide, metallocene, siloxide, phenylacetylide and triphenylmethyl derivatives; ESR spectroscopic studies of the reaction system have detected the presence of solvated electrons.