gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression for predicting liquid evaporation flux: Statistical rate theory approach (1999)

Recent measurements of the conditions existing at the interface of an evaporating liquid have found that the temperature approximately one mean free path from the interface in the vapor was higher than the temperature of the liquid at the interface. The measured temperature discontinuity at the interface is in the opposite direction of that predicted by several recent studies based on classical kinetic theory. A theoretical approach based on the transition probability concept of quantum mechanics, called statistical rate theory (SRT), is used herein to develop an expression for predicting the evaporation flux. The expression obtained is free of any fitting parameters. When applied to predict the conditions at which a particular value of the evaporation flux is expected and the result compared with the measurements at 15 different experimental conditions, it is found that the SRT expression accurately predicts the conditions.
Reduction of Spurious Reflections in OLCR Lidar (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. Waterholter and E. Brinkmeyer, "Reduction of Spurious Reflections in OLCR Lidar," in CLEO: 2013, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper CTu1H.6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Machine Learning Methods To Identify Hidden Phenotypes In The Electronic Health Record (2017)

The widespread adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) means an unprecedented amount of patient treatment and outcome data is available to researchers. Research is a tertiary priority in the EHR, where the priorities are patient care and billing. Because of this, the data is not standardized or formatted in a manner easily adapted to machine learning approaches. Data may be missing for a large variety of reasons ranging from individual input styles to differences in clinical decision making, for example, which lab tests to issue. Few patients are annotated at a research quality, limiting sample size and presenting a moving gold standard. Patient progression over time is key to understanding many diseases but many machine learning algorithms require a snapshot, at a single time point, to create a usable vector form. In this dissertation, we develop new machine learning methods and computational workflows to extract hidden phenotypes from the Electronic Health Record (EHR). In Part 1, we use a semi-supervised deep learning approach to compensate for the low number of research quality labels present in the EHR. In Part 2, we examine and provide recommendations for characterizing and managing the large amount of missing data inherent to EHR data. In Part 3, we present an adversarial approach to generate synthetic data that closely resembles the original data while protecting subject privacy. We also introduce a workflow to enable reproducible research even when data cannot be shared. In Part 4, we introduce a novel strategy to first extract sequential data from the EHR and then demonstrate the ability to model these sequences with deep learning.
IFI16 as a Negative Regulator in the Regulation of p53 and p21Waf1 (2003)

IFI16 is a member of the HIN-200 family (hematopoietic interferon-inducible nuclear antigens with 200 amino acid repeats) that contains a DNA binding domain, a transcriptional regulatory domain, and DAPIN/PAAD, a protein domain associated with interferon response. It can function as a transcription repressor and directly binds p53. Although the structural and biochemical properties of IFI16 are known, the physiological relevance of these properties in the cellular context is still elusive. Here we report that the inhibition of endogenous IFI16 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces p21Waf1 mRNA and protein expression through p53 but does not induce pro-apoptotic p53 target genes. This rapid induction of p21 was wild-type p53-dependent and resulted in cell cycle arrest along with a marked reduction of phosphorylated Rb in normally growing cells. We also showed that the repression of IFI16 affects p53 transcriptional activity at the p21 promoter as well as the protein stability of p53 and p21. Our findings identified a new role for IFI16 in modulating p53 function and its target gene regulation in the control of cell cycle regulation.
The Way Roads Were, Are, and May Be (1996)

The transportation system of any country is the product of the interaction of a wide range of factors. Among them air the social background of the population at large and their expectations: the industries and activities of the country and their spatial distribution; the geography and topography of the country; central and local government organisation; materials availability; level of technological development, particularly with regard to both transport vehicles and their required infrastructure: and business practices, especially relating to design, construction and method of payment for major capital assets. This is shown by the history of wading development in New Zealand. Against trends in the last five years, likely further changes are examined in a) community demand; b) user requirements; and c) construction and maintenance activities. It is clear that the style of evaluation of road section performance, and the feedback into maintenance and improvement programmes has changed radically in the last five years. An unavoidable move to simpler, less sophisticated treatments, applied to a system analysed as fewer but longer road sections (already under way) is examined to see where it is taking us. Consequences are derived.
Stable and Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Phenolic Compounds at Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes (2003)

Abstract Carbon‐nanotube modified glassy‐carbon electrodes are used for enhancing the stability and sensitivity of voltammetric and amperometric measurements of phenolic compounds. Cyclic voltammetric experiments indicate that the redox process involves the formation of a surface‐confined layer that promotes (rather than inhibits) the phenol oxidation. The amperometric response of the coated electrodes is highly stable, with 85% of the initial activity remaining after 30 min stirring of a 2×10 −4 M phenol solution (compared to complete inhibition of the redox process within 6 min at the bare surface). Similar stability improvements were observed for different phenolic compounds and different concentrations of such compounds. The modified electrodes display greatly enhanced current signals in cyclic voltammetric and amperometric experiments.
Structure, function, and targeting of interleukin 4 receptors on human head and neck cancer cells. (2000)

Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, survival rates for patients with head and neck cancer have remained unchanged for the last 30 years. In an attempt to develop novel therapeutic agents, we have observed that a variety of murine and human carcinoma cells expresses high levels of receptors for interleukin 4 (IL-4) in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that 17 head and neck cancer cell lines also express surface IL-4 receptors (IL-4R) and IL-4 binds to IL-4R on one cell line studied with low affinity ((k)d = 37.9 +/- 0.4 nM). The investigation of the subunit structure of IL-4R demonstrated that head and neck cancer cell lines expressed mRNA for IL-4R beta chain (also known as IL-4R alpha) and IL-13R alpha' chain (also known as IL-13R alpha1). However, no cell line expressed IL-2R common gamma-chain, which is known to be shared with IL-4R in immune cells. IL-4R is functional because IL-4 strongly induced activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT-6) in these cell lines. A fusion protein, IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL, containing translocation and enzymatic domains of Pseudomonas exotoxin and a circularly permuted human IL-4 was found to be highly and specifically cytotoxic to IL-4R-positive head and neck cancer cells, as determined by protein synthesis inhibition assay and confirmed by clonogenic assay. IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL induced DNA fragmentation and condensation of nuclei indicative of apoptotic cell death. These results establish uniform expression of IL-4R on head and neck cancer cell lines and IL-4 toxin IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL as a novel therapeutic agent for the possible treatment of human head and neck cancers.
Evidence that phospholipid turnover is the signal transducing system coupled to serotonin-S2 receptor sites. (1985)

Upon stimulation with serotonin of washed human platelets prelabeled with [32P]orthophosphate, we found an approximately 250% increase in [32P]phosphatidic acid (PA) formation, a small decrease in [32P]phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and a concomitant increase in [32P]phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Using [3H]arachidonate for prelabeling, [3H]diacylglycerol accumulated transiently at 10 s after addition of the agonist, [3H]PA increased but to a lower extent compared to 32P-labeled lipid, and the formation of both [3H]polyphosphoinositides increased. The serotonin-induced dose-dependent changes in [32P]PA correlate with its effect on the changes in slope of aggregation of platelets. The potency of 13 drugs to antagonize the serotonin-induced PA formation closely corresponds to both their potency to inhibit platelet aggregation and their binding affinity for serotonin-S2 receptor sites. It is suggested that at least part of the signal transducing system following activation of the serotonin-S2 receptors involves phospholipase C catalyzed inositol lipid breakdown yielding diacylglycerol which is subsequently phosphorylated to PA.
4-Diazinyl- and 4-Pyridinylimidazoles: Potent Angiotensin II Antagonists. A Study of Their Activity and Computational Characterization (1995)

A series of N-[biphenylyl(tetrazolyl)methyl]-2-butylimidazoles containing variously substituted diazine or pyridine moieties either as their free bases or N-oxide derivatives attached to the 4-position of the imidazole ring was synthesized and tested for interaction with the AT1 receptors of rat adrenal cortex membranes (receptor binding assay). Some compounds were then chosen for further evaluation in vivo in the A II-induced pressor response in conscious normotensive rats. The most potent in the AT1 binding assay were found to be compounds in which the diazine or pyridine ring nitrogen is adjacent to the point of attachment between the two heteroaromatic rings such as 2-butyl-4-(3,6-dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-y l)-biphenyl-4- yl]methyl]-1H-imidazole (3b) or 2-butyl-4-[5-(methoxycarbonyl)pyrid-2-yl]-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol++ +-5- yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-1H-imidazole (6c). The binding affinities and oral activities of the pyridine N-oxide imidazoles in which a stabilizing group ortho to the pyridine ring nitrogen is present were markedly improved as in 2-butyl-4-[(3-methoxycarbonyl)-6-methyl-N-oxopyridin-2-yl]-1-[[2'- (1H- tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-1H-imidazole 31b. Molecular modeling studies were carried out to determine the molecular electrostatic potential values of related model systems and to correlate their receptor interaction energies with the observed activities of our compounds.
TNF-  and IFN-  are overexpressed in the bone marrow of Fanconi anemia patients and TNF-  suppresses erythropoiesis in vitro (2003)

In Fanconi anemia (FA) C mice tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) have key roles in the pathogenesis of bone marrow failure. In FA subjects TNF-alpha was found to be increased in the serum and overproduced by patient-derived B-cell lines. In acquired aplastic anemia, a disease in which, similarly to FA, marrow failure occurs, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma act as late mediators of the stem cell damage and are overexpressed in patient marrow lymphocytes. This study evaluated in marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) of patients with FA, the expression of negative modulators of the hematopoiesis, such as TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), and surface Fas ligand, and the role of TNF-alpha on FA erythropoiesis in vitro. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were significantly overexpressed in stimulated marrow MNCs of FA patients as compared to healthy controls. MIP-1alpha and Fas ligand were undetectable in patients and controls. In bone marrow cultures, the addition of anti-TNF-alpha increased the size and significantly increased the number of erythroid colony-forming units and erythroid burst-forming units grown from FA patients but not from healthy controls. This indicates that FA subjects have a marrow TNF-alpha activity that inhibits erythropoiesis in vitro. TNF-alpha has a relevant role in the pathogenesis of erythroid failure in FA patients.
The grafting of acrylamide onto poly(?-caprolactone) and poly(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) using electron beam preirradiation. II. Anin vitro degradation study on grafted poly(?-caprolactone) (1999)

Acrylamide was graft polymerized onto the surface of a biodegradable semicrystalline polyester, poly(ε-caprolactone). Electron beam irradiation at a dose of 5 Mrad was used to generate initiating species in the polyester. The degradation in vitro at pH 7.4 and 37°C in a phosphate buffer solution was studied for untreated, irradiated and acrylamide-grafted polymers. In the case of poly(ε-caprolactone), all materials showed similar behavior in terms of weight loss. No significant decrease in weight was observed up to 40 weeks, after which the loss of weight accelerated. The main differences in degradation behavior were found for the average molecular weights, M̄n and M̄w. Virgin poly(ε-caprolactone) maintained M̄n and M̄w up to about 40 weeks, whereas the irradiated and grafted poly(ε-caprolactone) showed similar continuous declines in M̄n and M̄w throughout the degradation period. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1651–1657, 1999
Adenylate Kinase Release as a High-Throughput-Screening-Compatible Reporter of Bacterial Lysis for Identification of Antibacterial Agents (2012)

Adenylate kinase (AK) is a ubiquitous intracellular enzyme that is released into the extracellular space upon cell lysis. We have shown that AK release serves as a useful reporter of bactericidal agent activity and can be exploited for antimicrobial screening purposes. The AK assay exhibits improved sensitivity over that of growth-based assays and can detect agents that are active against bacteria in clinically relevant growth states that are difficult to screen using conventional approaches, such as small colony variants (SCV) and bacteria within established biofilms. The usefulness of the AK assay was validated by screening a library of off-patent drugs for agents that exhibit antimicrobial properties toward a variety of bacterial species, including Escherichia coli and all members of the "ESKAPE" pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). The assay detected antibiotics within the library that were expected to be active against the organism screened. Moreover, 38 drugs with no previously reported antibacterial activity elicited AK release. Four of these were acquired, and all were verified to exhibit antimicrobial activity by standard susceptibility testing. Two of these molecules were further characterized. The antihistamine, terfenadine, was active against S. aureus planktonic, SCV population, and biofilm-associated cells. Tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, was active toward E. faecium in vitro and also reduced E. faecium pathogenesis in a Galleria mellonella infection model. Our data demonstrate that the AK assay provides an attractive screening approach for identifying new antimicrobial agents. Further, terfenadine and tamoxifen may represent novel antimicrobial drug development scaffolds.
AZD3293: A Novel, Orally Active BACE1 Inhibitor with High Potency and Permeability and Markedly Slow Off-Rate Kinetics (2016)

A growing body of pathological, biomarker, genetic, and mechanistic data suggests that amyloid accumulation, as a result of changes in production, processing, and/or clearance of brain amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) concentrations, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) mediates the first step in the processing of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) to Aβ peptides, with the soluble N terminal fragment of AβPP (sAβPPβ) as a direct product, and BACE1 inhibition is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention to reduce the production of Aβ. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological profile of AZD3293, a potent, highly permeable, orally active, blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrating, BACE1 inhibitor with unique slow off-rate kinetics. The in vitro potency of AZD3293 was demonstrated in several cellular models, including primary cortical neurons. In vivo in mice, guinea pigs, and dogs, AZD3293 displayed significant dose- and time-dependent reductions in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain concentrations of Aβ40, Aβ42, and sAβPPβ. The in vitro potency of AZD3293 in mouse and guinea pig primary cortical neuronal cells was correlated to the in vivo potency expressed as free AZD3293 concentrations in mouse and guinea pig brains. In mice and dogs, the slow off-rate from BACE1 may have translated into a prolongation of the observed effect beyond the turnover rate of Aβ. The preclinical data strongly support the clinical development of AZD3293, and patients with AD are currently being recruited into a combined Phase 2/3 study to test the disease-modifying properties of AZD3293.
Outlier Detection for Temporal Data (2014)

In this book, we will present an organized picture of both recent and past research in temporal outlier detection.
Automatic Object Extraction Based on Fuzzy Mask (2009)

An efficient algorithm for automatic road extraction is presented based on fuzzy mask in this paper. The fuzzy mask concepts are employed in order to perform road pixels extraction. The aim of the proposed approach is to attribute a road membership value to each pixel. Firstly, a set of fuzzy mask sets, which represent basic road structures, is defined. The road structure, defined as a logical concatenation of these elementary predefined 2D structures, is used in order to enhance the road membership values. The input data of the SPOT panchromatic band of remote sensing is required, and it is applied in the system. Obtained experimental results show that this method is efficient in extracting and defining road networks from satellite and aerial imagery.
Investigation of the laser materials YAlO<sub>3</sub>:Er and LiYF<sub>4</sub>:Ho (1984)

The laser emission of YAlO3:Er at 1.663 mu m was investigated in order to find the best conditions with respect to crystal orientation, Er concentration, and output coupling. Using ten different laser rods the following optimised data have been obtained: b axis laser rod (Pnma notation), 1.25% Er doping, and 85% output mirror reflectivity. The temperature dependence of laser threshold and efficiency was measured between -50 degrees C and 50 degrees C. At room temperature the authors obtained 34 J threshold energy and 0.07% slope efficiency. In addition laser emission of LiYF4:Ho, Er, Tm at 2.065 mu m was investigated. The slope efficiency was 0.22%. Laser emission of YAlO3:Ho, Er, Tm at 2.12 mu m is briefly mentioned.
Characterization of the Low-Curing-Temperature Silver Paste with Silver 2-Ethylhexanoate Addition (2007)

In this study, the effects of the solvent and atmosphere on the thermal decomposition behaviors of silver 2-ethylhexanoate and α-terpenol are investigated. Low-curing-temperature silver pastes made from Ag flakes, α-terpineol and various amounts of silver 2-ethylhexanoate, were prepared and characterized. The microstructures and resistivities of cured films screen-printed from the pastes were examined. The results of thermal analysis in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres revealed that thermal decomposition is the dominating reaction during the heating process of silver 2-ethylhexanoate, even though the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) result revealed an exothermic reaction for silver 2-ethylhexanoate heated in air due to oxidation. Thermal decomposition left almost pure Ag particles, which is beneficial for bridging between silver flake particles in the films. On the basis of the rheological behavior, microstructural evolution and electrical evaluation, it can be concluded that a low-curing-temperature silver paste with 5 wt % silver 2-ethylhexanoate addition is the best formulation, which possesses shear-thinning and thixotropic properties and a resistivity of 7.8×10-6 Ω cm after being cured at 250 °C, which is relatively close to the bulk resistivity of Ag.
The rate of development and time of transfer play different roles in influencing the viability of human blastocysts (1998)

Improved embryo culture protocols now render more feasible the possibility of obtaining human blastocysts after in-vitro fertilization. In this study we present: (i) results of blastocyst development from supernumerary embryos after co-culture on green monkey kidney epithelial cells and (ii) pregnancy rates after transfer of frozen blastocysts. In addition, we have examined the influence of the day of blastocyst freezing and the day of transfer after the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak on pregnancy and implantation rates. Of 423 supernumerary embryos, 200 developed to the blastocyst stage (47.3%). By days 5 and 6, 67% of the blastocysts had reached the blastocyst stage, and were frozen, compared to 28.5% by day 7. When we compared the cases where only blastocysts frozen on days 5 and 6 were transferred compared to those frozen and transferred on or after day 7 the pregnancy rates were 7/18 (38.9%) and 1/16 (6.2%) respectively. In contrast, when we examined the influence of the day of transfer we found that pregnancies were established from day 5 up to day 9 post LH peak. Based on these results, we suggest that every attempt should be made to increase the development rate of supernumerary embryos to the blastocyst stage, as it appears that the quality of blastocysts transferred, as shown in this study by rate of development, plays a more crucial role than the timing of transfer.
Automatic classification of office documents: Review of available methods and techniques (1995)

Classification of office documents is performed by almost all organizations and institutions. It is regarded as an act of identifying documents or records in accordance with a predesigned scheme or filing system. As an intellectual activity, classification includes document contents analysis and matching of its subject with the subject of some existing file. Besides the necessity of having good insight into the wide body of literature, an automatic system for classification of office documents requires considerable work related experience and practical knowledge. This type of experience and knowledge is usually case dependent and specific to a particular office, therefore creating a spectrum of different approaches. The challenge is to identify a standardized approach with a more generally applicable methodology which could be applied to various office classification systems. There are a number of techniques developed by other fields that can be successfully utilized for automatic classification. Most of them are well elaborated, tested and reported in relevant literature. Systematic analysis and some generalization of available methodology suggests that there are at least three distinct methods and groups of available techniques applicable to the classification of office documents: