gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contrast of elastic properties between rock layers as a mechanism for the initiation and orientation of tensile failure under uniform remote compression (2003)

Natural fracture systems are often influenced by the presence of different layers with contrasting rock mechanical properties. Understanding the distribution of stress between different mechanical layers is essential to the interpretation of fracture networks within these systems. A simple model of elastic stress states within mechanically layered media is presented as a description of fracture formation within layered rock. These stress states are based on analytic solutions in three dimensions for an idealized system of bonded, planar, isotropic, homogeneous, linear‐elastic layers in equilibrium with a uniform remote stress. Properties of these solutions indicate that tensile stress and failure will result in some layers in response to remote compression alone given sufficient contrast in elastic properties between the different layers. In this case, tensile stress arises without the requirement for an addition body force such as internal fluid pressure and will concentrate within either the stiffest or softest layers according to the relative amount or layer‐parallel versus layer‐perpendicular compression. Lithification and bonding of layers under remote stress leads to residual stresses within layers that enhance tensile failure of stiffer than average layers under remote compression. Any change in orientation of the remote stress may lead to significant differences in both stress magnitude and orientation between different layers. In turn, the mode and orientation of fractures within different layers may significantly differ despite forming under the same remote stress.
An IR tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer for trace humidity measurements at atmospheric pressure (2002)

There is an increasing demand for the measurement of trace humidity in air at levels down to a few parts in 10/sup 9/ (ppb/sub v/) at atmospheric pressure. This summary describes the development by a European collaboration of a diode laser absorption spectrometer capable of measuring trace humidity with an uncertainty of 5 ppb. The diode laser was a distributed feedback device, tuned to the 3,0,3/spl larr/2,0,2 rotation transition in the /spl nu//sub 1/+/spl nu//sub 3/ vibrational band of water vapour at 1393 nm. Two-tone frequency modulation spectroscopy (TTFMS) was chosen as it combines the advantages of being the most sensitive technique and is relatively straightforward to implement. After a number of refinements to the optical layout, TTFMS features were obtained with no observable background interference effects.
Fatty acid metabolism in marine fish: Low activity of fatty acyl Δ5 desaturation in gilthead sea bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) cells (1999)

Marine fish have an absolute dietary requirement for C20 and C22 highly unsaturated fatty acids. Previous studies using cultured cell lines indicated that underlying this requirement in marine fish was either a deficiency in fatty acyl delta5 desaturase or C18-20 elongase activity. Recent research in turbot cells found low C18-20 elongase but high delta5 desaturase activity. In the present study, the fatty acid desaturase/elongase pathway was investigated in a cell line (SAF-1) from another carnivorous marine fish, sea bream. The metabolic conversions of a range of radiolabeled polyunsaturated fatty acids that comprised the direct substrates for delta6 desaturase ([1-14C]18:2n-6 and [1-14C]18:3n-3), C18-20 elongase ([U-14C]18:4n-3), delta5 desaturase ([1-14C]20:3n-6 and [U-14C]20:4n-3), and C20-22 elongase ([1-14C]20:4n-6 and [1-14C]20:5n-3) were utilized. The results showed that fatty acyl delta6 desaturase in SAF-1 cells was highly active and that C18-20 elongase and C20-22 elongase activities were substantial. A deficiency in the desaturation/elongation pathway was clearly identified at the level of the fatty acyl delta5 desaturase, which was very low, particularly with 20:4n-3 as substrate. In comparison, the apparent activities of delta6 desaturase, C18-20 elongase, and C20-22 elongase were approximately 94-, 27-, and 16-fold greater than that for delta5 desaturase toward their respective n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates. The evidence obtained in the SAF-1 cell line is consistent with the dietary requirement for C20 and C22 highly unsaturated fatty acids in the marine fish the sea bream, being primarily due to a deficiency in fatty acid delta5 desaturase activity.
A Review of Tenure for Black, Latino, and Native American Faculty in Academic Medicine (2017)

More research needs to be done to determine whether tenure status can improve the number of URMM faculty in academic medicine. Tenure may provide URMM faculty the benefits that they need to progress in their careers and remain in academic medicine.
Integrated Feature Analysis for Prostate Tissue Characterization Using TRUS Images (2006)

I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. Signature ii The Prostate is a male gland that is located around the urethra. Prostate Cancer is the second most diagnosed malignancy in men over the age of fifty. Typically, prostate cancer is diagnosed from clinical data, medical images, and biopsy. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) was introduced to help in the diagnosis in order to assist in the biopsy operations. Usually, CAD is carried out utilizing either the clinical data, using data mining techniques, or using features extracted from either TransRectal UltraSound (TRUS) images or the Radio Frequency (RF) signals. The challenge is that TRUS images ’ quality is usually poor compared to either Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or the Computed Tomography (CT). On the other hand, ultrasound imaging is more
Preparation of Optically Pure ω-Hydroxymethyl Lactams (1989)

Abstract Thermal cyclization of L-glutamate and L-α-aminoadipate to the corresponding lactam esters can be achieved without racemization. LiBH4 reduction of the esters provides optically pure hydroxymethyl lactams.
Cellular Consequences of Copper Complexes Used To Catalyze Bioorthogonal Click Reactions (2011)

Copper toxicity is a critical issue in the development of copper-based catalysts for copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions for applications in living systems. The effects and related toxicity of copper on mammalian cells are dependent on the ligand environment. Copper complexes can be highly toxic, can induce changes in cellular metabolism, and can be rapidly taken up by cells, all of which can affect their ability to function as catalysts for CuAAC in living systems. Herein, we have evaluated the effects of a number of copper complexes that are typically used to catalyze CuAAC reactions on four human cell lines by measuring mitochondrial activity based on the metabolism of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to study toxicity, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to study cellular uptake, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy to study effects on lipid metabolism. We find that ligand environment around copper influences all three parameters. Interestingly, for the Cu(II)-bis-L-histidine complex (Cu(his)(2)), cellular uptake and metabolic changes are observed with no toxicity after 72 h at micromolar concentrations. Furthermore, we show that under conditions where other copper complexes kill human hepatoma cells, Cu(I)-L-histidine is an effective catalyst for CuAAC labeling of live cells following metabolic incorporation of an alkyne-labeled sugar (Ac(4)ManNAl) into glycosylated proteins expressed on the cell surface. This result suggests that Cu(his)(2) or derivatives thereof have potential for in vivo applications where toxicity as well as catalytic activity are critical factors for successful bioconjugation reactions.
Contribution of gene conversion to the retention of the sequence for M blood group type determinant in glycophorin E gene. (1994)

M and N blood group antigens are presented by glycophorins A (GPA) and B (GPB) of the erythrocyte membrane. GPA expresses M or N blood group antigen depending on the allelic gene (GPAM gene or GPAN gene), while GPB expresses only the N antigen. M or N blood group antigen is specified by the first and fifth NH2-terminal amino acid residues in the mature proteins, encoded by the second exon of these genes. Glycophorin E (GPE) gene, another member of this gene family, has a genomic structure very similar to that of GPB. However, a predicted product of GPE gene carries M blood group antigen. To delineate evolutionary events leading to the formation of the sequences for M or N blood group type determinant in the members of human glycophorin gene family, the nucleotide sequences of a 1.45-kilobase pair region including the 3' part of intron 1, exon 2, and the entire intron 2 were compared for GPAM, GPAN, GPB, and GPE genes. Encompassing exon 2, there were identical sequences stretches of 139 and 138 base pairs between GPAM and GPE genes and between GPAN and GPB genes, respectively. The data of the entire sequences in this region revealed that the divergence of the sequence between GPE and GPA genes (2.14-2.49%) is less than that of the sequence between GPE and GPB genes (3.10%). The higher rate of divergence in this region was observed between GPA and GPB genes (3.79-3.86%). These results strongly suggest that GPE gene acquired the sequence for M blood group type determinant from GPAM gene through gene conversion after duplication of a progenitor gene common to GPB and GPE genes.
Outpatient Diabetic Care in a Public Central Hospital: Patient Characteristics, Therapeutic Regimens and Results (2014)

Background: Report of patient characteristics, treatment and results of diabetic 			patients assisted at a public tertiary hospital. Patients and Methods: Standardized clinical and analytical data regarding patients 			assisted during 2 years. Results: Nine hundred and seventy-one visits and 271 patients were studied. 			Patients with type 1 (DM1) (15%), type 2 treated with insulin 			(DM2-IT) (23%) and type 2 treated with oral agents (DM2-NIT) (56%) 			were included. On referral, long-standing disease (11 ± 9 years) was present with poor metabolic control (glycated 			hemoglobin, HbA1c 8.4 ± 2.0%). Microvascular disease (33-40%), high blood pressure (HBP) 			(56%) and dyslipidemia (61%) were common. Intensive treatment was 			used in less than half of the patients. Most of DM2 patients were 			under medication for HBP and were using anti-platelet agents (76%) 			but less than half (46%) were using lipid-lowering drugs. Despite 			frequent medical visits, metabolic control remained poor, HbA1c 8.0 ± 1.9%. In almost half of DM2 patients, systolic blood pressure (45%), 			serum cholesterol (36%), serum triglycerides (42%) and HDLc (37%) 			remain higher or lower than recommended. Conclusions: Two fundamental vectors seem to underlie the clinical evolution: 			aging and beta-cell function. 			DM2-IT represents a group of specially difficult patients. Intensive 			medical assistance of diabetic patients is still far from routine 			even in tertiary hospitals. J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;4(1-2):13-24 doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14740 / jem205w
Synchronized update over distributed and parallel database (2009)

To achieve synchronized update, two-phase commit protocol (2PC) has been broadly used for distributed databases. However, this is not enough for distributed and parallel database system (DPDBS), which has a distributed and parallel I/O interface and absolute peer to peer management among server nodes. Therefore, a distributed and parallel commit protocol (DP2PC) is proposed to improve the 2PC effectiveness. Transactions in inconsistent environment are successfully filtered. The performance is improved by taking consistency check of correlative data-catalog items into voting message, differentiating read-only-transaction from write-transaction and selecting the optimal service nodes. Further, our analysis and experiments indicate its adaptability to data environment with desirable performance.
Statistical Parametric Mapping and Cluster Counting Analysis of [ <sup>18</sup> F] FDG-PET Imaging in Traumatic Brain Injury (2009)

In this study we investigated regional cerebral glucose metabolism abnormalities of [(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in traumatic brain injury (TBI). PET images of 81 TBI patients and 68 normal controls were acquired and a word list learning task was administered during the uptake period. The TBI group included 35 patients with positive structural imaging (CT or MRI) findings soon after injury, 40 patients with negative findings, and 6 cases without structural imaging. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis was applied with several levels of spatial smoothing. Cluster counting analysis was performed for each subject to identify abnormal clusters with contiguous voxel values that deviated by two standard deviations or more from the mean of the normal controls, and to count the number of clusters in 10 size categories. SPM maps demonstrated that the 81 patients had significantly lower FDG uptake than normal controls, widely across the cortex (including bilateral frontal and temporal regions), and in the thalamus. Cluster counting results indicated that TBI patients had a higher proportion of larger clusters than controls. These large low-FDG-uptake clusters of the TBI patients were closer to the brain edge than those of controls. These results suggest that deficits of cerebral metabolism in TBI are spread over multiple brain areas, that they are closer to the cortical surface than clusters in controls, and that group spatial patterns of abnormal cerebral metabolism may be similar in TBI patients with cognitive deficits with and without obvious acute abnormalities identified on structural imaging.
Meta-Analysis Suggests Association of L-<b> <i>myc Eco</i> </b>RI Polymorphism with Cancer Prognosis (2004)

The L-myc EcoRI polymorphism is a noncoding variation in the second intron of the L-myc gene, resulting in S and L alleles. Individuals carrying the S allele tend to have poor prognosis and increased risk of several tumor types, although controversial results have been reported. A meta-analysis of 36 studies on L-myc EcoRI genotyping, including 3563 patients with different types of cancer and 2953 controls, was performed. In lung cancer patients the S/S genotype was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis [odds ratio (OR), 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8-4.3], distant metastasis (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.4-9.2), and stage (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.4). No association was observed between the S/S genotype and cancer (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4). In patients with other cancers, the S/S genotype was significantly associated with tumor recurrence (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-6.0), whereas no significant association was seen for the other prognostic parameters. When all types of cancer were examined together, the S/S genotype was associated with lymph node metastasis (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6-3.3), distant metastasis (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.8-4.6), clinical stage (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9), and cancer risk (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07-1.45). The meta-analysis suggests that the L-myc EcoRI polymorphism is a marker of tumor prognosis in lung cancer and possibly in other types of cancer.
Oxygen: a master regulator of pancreatic development? (2009)

Beyond its role as an electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, oxygen is also a key effector of many developmental events. The oxygen-sensing machinery and the very fabric of cell identity and function have been shown to be deeply intertwined. Here we take a first look at how oxygen might lie at the crossroads of at least two of the major molecular pathways that shape pancreatic development. Based on recent evidence and a thorough review of the literature, we present a theoretical model whereby evolving oxygen tensions might choreograph to a large extent the sequence of molecular events resulting in the development of the organ. In particular, we propose that lower oxygenation prior to the expansion of the vasculature may favour HIF (hypoxia inducible factor)-mediated activation of Notch and repression of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling, limiting endocrine cell differentiation. With the development of vasculature and improved oxygen delivery to the developing organ, HIF-mediated support for Notch signalling may decline while the beta-catenin-directed Wnt signalling is favoured, which would support endocrine cell differentiation and perhaps exocrine cell proliferation/differentiation.
Mechanical, Thermal and Electrical Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Irradiated by an Electron-Beam (2010)

The effects of electron beam irradiation of (ethylene vinyl acetate) EVA containing 18% vinyl acetate was studied. The EVA sample was then irradiated by using 3 MeV electron beam machine at doses ranging from 120 to 360 kGy in air at room temperature and analyzed for mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. It was revealed by DSC analysis that the crystallinity of the electron-beam radiated EVA decreased slightly as verified by a marginal reduction in the densities and heats of melting. Thermal degradation of EVA occurred through two steps as shown by the thermogravimetric curve with maximum rates of 350 and 450°C, respectively. The results obtained from both gel content and hot set tests showed that under the irradiation conditions employed, the EVA sample cross-linked by the electron beam irradiation, and the degree of cross-linking in the amorphous regions was dependent on the irradiation dose. A significant improvement in the tensile strength of the neat EVA samples was obtained upon electron-beam radiation up to 210 kGy with a concomitant decline in elongation of break. Various electrical properties of EVA such as surface and volume resistance, breakdown voltage and dielectric constant were studied as a function of radiation dose. It was revealed that the surface resistance and volume resistivity of the EVA reaches a maximum at a 190 kGy dose of radiation. No considerable change of breakdown voltage and dielectric constant was observed with increasing irradiation dose. These studies suggest that radiation-cured EVA is more thermally and mechanically stable than pure EVA. Similarly, the results from the electrical properties revealed that surface and volume resistance are higher than pure EVA.
A “display independent” high dynamic range television system (2015)

High Dynamic Range (HDR) television has captured the imagination of the broadcast and movie industries. This paper presents an overview of the BBC's “Hybrid Log-Gamma” solution, designed to meet the requirements of high dynamic range television. The signal is “display independent” and requires no complex “mastering metadata”. In addition to providing high quality high dynamic range (HDR) pictures it also delivers a high quality “compatible” image to legacy standard dynamic range (SDR) screens and can be mixed, re-sized and compressed using standard tools and equipment. The technical requirements for a high quality HDR television system are presented. Quantisation effects (or “banding”) are analysed theoretically and confirmed experimentally. It is shown that quantisation effects are comparable or below competing HDR solutions. The psychovisual effects of presenting images on emissive displays in dim environments, “system gamma”, is shown experimentally and the analysis informs the design of this HDR system.
Plasmonic Sensing of Biological Analytes Through Nanoholes (2008)

A transmission-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for label-free detection of protein-carbohydrate and protein-protein binding proximate to a perforated gold surface is demonstrated. An SPR instrument makes real-time measurements of the resonant wavelength and/or the resonant angle of incidence of transmitted light; both are influenced by the presence of proteins at the gold surface-liquid interface. Ethylene glycol solutions with known refractive indexes were used to calibrate the instrument. A paired polarization-sensitive detector achieved an overall detection resolution of ~ 6.6 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> refractive index units (RIU). Proof of principle experiments was performed with concanavalin A (Con A) binding to gold-adsorbed ovomucoid and anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding to gold-adsorbed BSA.
Morale laïque et humanisme (1963)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
An audit of primary surgical treatment for women with ovarian cancer referred to a cancer centre (1999)

Ovarian cancer is the commonest cause of gynaecological cancer death in the UK, and guidelines for initial surgery and staging of this disease are widely available. We report a retrospective audit of the surgical management of patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer referred to the Christie Cancer Centre in Manchester in 1996. The aim was to assess compliance with surgical guidelines. The authors found that the majority of patients (92%) presented via an outpatient clinic and for these individuals surgery was therefore elective. This mode of presentation should allow management by a small number of dedicated gynaecologists at each hospital, but up to seven consultants in each hospital performed surgery on a relatively small number of patients. Furthermore, less than half the patients underwent the recommended surgical procedure. Although some patients may have 'inoperable' disease, these data suggest that a greater compliance with national and international guidelines are required to provide an optimal level of care.
Sailing for Dummies (1997)

Introduction. Part I: Before You Get Your Feet Wet. Chapter 1: Ready, Set, Go: Time to Start Sailing. Chapter 2: Knowing Where You Can Learn: Classes and Sailing Schools. Chapter 3: Planning Ahead: What to Wear and What to Bring. Chapter 4: Before You Leave the Dock. Part II: Casting Off and Sailing Away. Chapter 5: Going Sailing: Just the Basics, Please. Chapter 6: Leaving the Dock (And Coming Back). Chapter 7: Safety: One Hand for the Boat, One Hand for Yourself. Chapter 8: All about Weather: Red Sky at Night. Chapter 9: Navigation: Holding Your Course. Chapter 10: Anchors Away: Anchoring Your Boat. Part III: Sailing Fast: Taking Your Sailing to the Next Level. Chapter 11: The Need for Speed: Sailing Fast. Chapter 12: Trimming Your Sails for Speed. Chapter 13: Racing Sailboats: Going for the Gold. Part IV: Sailing Away for a Year and a Day. Chapter 14: Encountering Sailing Emergencies (And How to Handle Them). Chapter 15: Caring for Your Craft. Chapter 16: Cruising with Children. Chapter 17: Chartering: Changes in Latitude. Chapter 18: Sailing Sailboards. Part V: The Part of Tens. Chapter 19: Ten Nautical Knots and How to Tie Them. Chapter 20: Ten Questions to Ask Yourself When Buying a Sailboat. Part VI: The Appendixes. Index.
Monolithic Silicon Chip with 10 Modulator Channels at 25 Gbps and 100-GHz Spacing (2011)

We demonstrate a chip containing ten low-chirp silicon modulators, each operating at 25 Gbps, multiplexed by a SiN arrayed-waveguide grating with 100-GHz spacing, showing the potential for 250 Gbps aggregated capacity on a 5×8 mm2 footprint.
Influenza virus RNA's in the cytoplasm of chicken embryo cells treated with 3'-deoxyadenosine (1976)

3'-Deoxyadenosine (75 to 100 mug/ml) permitted analysis of the cytoplasmic influencza virus-specific RNAs synthesized early in the replicative cycle-a phase that has hitherto been obscurred by host cell RNA synthesis. In addition, late in the cycle (6 to 8) complementary virus-specific RNA's were the predominantly labeled species, suggesting that higher concentrations of 3'-deoxyadenosine selectively inhibit influenza viral genome replication.