gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraperitoneal fluid therapy: an alternative to intravenous treatment in a patient with limited vascular access (2006)

We describe a 58-year-old female with Crohn's disease and short bowel syndrome after repeated intestinal resections, with only 90 cm of small intestine left. She had been dependent on vascular access for total parenteral nutrition for 16 years. Due to intravascular complications after numerous long-term central venous catheters, her vascular accessibility became limited. During the course of a year she was fed enterally through a gastrostomy, but required supplementary fluid therapy through peripheral venous route. Because of extremely limited venous access, we decided to implant an intraperitoneal catheter for administration of crystalloid fluid. The first intraperitoneal catheter had to be removed because of a postoperative infection, but after antibiotic treatment, a second intraperitoneal catheter was implanted without complications, through which the patient is now fully provided with crystalloid fluid (Ringer's acetate). Abdominal ultrasound examination shows good absorption of the fluid, and for the first time in 16 years the patient does not need intravascular access. We suggest that intraperitoneal administration of fluid may be an alternative for patients with limited vascular access.
Lidocaine test in neuralgia (1992)

Ten patients with organic nerve injury causing chronic neuropathic pain were tested for the effects of intravenous lidocaine versus saline upon psychophysical somatosensory variables. The variables assessed were the subjective magnitude of pain, area of mechanical hyperalgesia and presence and magnitude of thermal heat/cold hyperalgesia. The study methods applied to evaluate these conditions were the conventional testing of somatosensory submodalities with area mapping and the subjective magnitude estimation of spontaneous pain. It was found that spontaneous pain and mechanical hyperalgesia were consistently improved, transiently, by intravenous administration of lidocaine in all 10 patients; areas of hyperalgesia which extended beyond the territory of the nerve also improved transiently. Spontaneous pain and mechanical hyperalgesia, but not hypoesthesia, were transiently improved by injection of saline in only 1 of the 10 patients. This outcome is probably due to a placebo effect. This improvement is in keeping with the inhibition of anomalous neural impulses which can be generated anywhere along the sensory channels responsible for generating spontaneous pain and hyperalgesia. Thus, intravenous lidocaine is proposed as a diagnostic aid in the examination of patients complaining of complex sensory disorders associated with nerve injury. The transient pain relief may allow a fuller identification of the area of sensory loss.
Properties of All-Normal-Dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Lasers (2007)

The behavior and performance of femtosecond fiber lasers without any anomalous dispersion in the cavity is presented. Experimental results agree with numerical simulations. 8-nJ and 210-fs pulses are generated, and significant performance improvements are expected.
Indocyanine green–enhanced imaging of antigen‐induced arthritis with an integrated optical imaging/radiography system (2010)

Indocyanine green-enhanced optical imaging is a clinically applicable tool for detection of arthritic tissue. Using relatively high doses of indocyanine green, long-term enhanced fluorescence of arthritic joints can be achieved. This may facilitate simultaneous evaluations of multiple joints in a clinical setting. Fusion of indocyanine green-enhanced optical imaging scans with radiography increases anatomic resolution.
The random-access control channel of a cellular mobile radio system (1989)

A mathematical model has been formulated to investigate the performance of the slotted ALOHA random access channel with capture effect in a mobile radio communication environment. The radio channel is characterised by the path loss, Rayleigh fading and log-normal 'shadowing'. With capture effect, results indicate that the maximal attainable throughput is increased and the risk of instability is reduced as compared with well-known analysis of pure slotted ALOHA.
Metagenomic signatures of the Peru Margin subseafloor biosphere show a genetically distinct environment (2008)

The subseafloor marine biosphere may be one of the largest reservoirs of microbial biomass on Earth and has recently been the subject of debate in terms of the composition of its microbial inhabitants, particularly on sediments from the Peru Margin. A metagenomic analysis was made by using whole-genome amplification and pyrosequencing of sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1229 on the Peru Margin to further explore the microbial diversity and overall community composition within this environment. A total of 61.9 Mb of genetic material was sequenced from sediments at horizons 1, 16, 32, and 50 m below the seafloor. These depths include sediments from both primarily sulfate-reducing methane-generating regions of the sediment column. Many genes of the annotated genes, including those encoding ribosomal proteins, corresponded to those from the Chloroflexi and Euryarchaeota. However, analysis of the 16S small-subunit ribosomal genes suggests that Crenarchaeota are the abundant microbial member. Quantitative PCR confirms that uncultivated Crenarchaeota are indeed a major microbial group in these subsurface samples. These findings show that the marine subsurface is a distinct microbial habitat and is different from environments studied by metagenomics, especially because of the predominance of uncultivated archaeal groups.
Quantum Algorithms for Hamiltonian Simulation (2007)

Dominic W. Berry, Graeme Ahokas, Richard Cleve, and Barry C. SandersAbstract Arguably one of the most important applications of quantum computers is the simulation of quantum systems. In the case where the Hamiltonian consists of a sum of interaction terms between small subsystems, the simulation is thought to be exponentially more efficient than classical simulation. More generally, evolution under suitably specified sparse Hamiltonians may be efficiently simulated. In recent work we have shown that the complexity of simulating evolution under a Hamiltonian is very close to linear in the evolution time. In addition, we have shown that in the general case of a sparse Hamiltonian the complexity grows slowly with respect to the number of qubits. In this chapter we review these results.
Circulating Glycotoxins and Dietary Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Two Links to Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress, and Aging (2007)

Circulating indicators of AGEs (CML and MG derivatives), although elevated in older participants, correlate with indicators of inflammation and OS across all ages. Indicators of both AGEs and OS are directly influenced by the intake of dietary AGEs, independent of age or energy intake. Thus, reduced consumption of these oxidants may prove a safe economic policy to prevent age-related diseases, especially in an aging population.
La exclusion social en las zonas urbanas de Uruguay (2002)

This report makes several policy conclusions related to urban poverty and development in Uruguay and potentially the rest of Latin America. First, policies which prioritize improvements in access to quality basic services, particularly education, health, transportation, social assistance, more flexible land use policies, as well as public information for those in marginal areas could help to provide an important link to jobs and human capital development, and reduce some of the facets of social exclusion. New community based programs designed and implemented by neighborhood members based on specific needs, or expansion of existing community programs, could also help to reverse the marginalization process. Second are policies related to housing. Policies that foster the maintenance of traditional integrated neighborhoods, or minimize the concentration of the poor in marginal neighborhoods, may mitigate the exclusion process. Such policies, while politically popular, should be investigated. Finally, the aggregate numbers on inequality appear to mask what is happening at a more disaggregated level such as the neighborhood. While income inequality for the country as a whole only shifted slightly during the 1989-1996 period, the within and between area changes were significant. The results of the analysis also show that polarization is not symmetric - poor individuals are clustering more, but higher income areas still have a higher income variance and more inequality.
Dynamic Control of the Coolant Temperature for a Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Hydrocarbon Emission (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Conventional expansion-element thermostats allow a fixing of only one coolant temperature level. This results in significantly different temperatures of the components which are near the combustion chamber depending on the load and rpm state of the engine. The fuel consumption and the emission are increased.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Therefore a requirements-adapted cooling control is suggested. The main challenge for the development of such a system is to get an attractive proportion of cost and benefit. For the expense of the actuator the motor is dominant. For this reason a valve was chosen which integrates the regulation of the radiator circuit, the bypass and the heat exchanger circuit in one part. A control algorithm was developed which can be easily integrated in the engine management and is supplied from existing sensors.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Dynamic tests show that a sufficient fast regulation of the coolant temperature is possible with the realized system. Therefore higher coolant temperatures in part load range do not lead to excessive component temperature when sudden full load is required. Measurements on different engines prove that a fuel reduction of one to three percent is possible in the FTP 75-test cycle by an increased coolant temperature in part load range.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For modem engine the warm-up is decisive for the emissions in the test cycles. The realized system also allows to reduce the warm-up period of the coolant up to 50% with positive effects on fuel consumption and hydrocarbon emission.</div>
Imaging of cartilage degeneration in vivo using ultrahigh resolution OCT (2003)

Ultrahigh resolution OCT is used to visualize experimentally induced osteoarthritis in a rat knee model. Using a Cr4+:Forsterite laser, ultrahigh image resolutions of 5um are achieved in vivo. Progression of osteoarthritic remodeling and cartilage degeneration are quantified. The utility of OCT for the assessment of cartilage integrity is demonstrated.
Research of power transmission line maintenance robots in SIACAS (2010)

To monitor the running conditions and find out the damages of the power grids, the robotic technologies have been applied to conduct the inspection tasks of power transmission lines (PTLs) instead of worker or helicopter. Supported by the national high technology research and development program of China from 2002, the state key laboratory of robotics, Shenyang institute of automation, Chinese academy of sciences (SIACAS), has been focusing on the development of the inspection robot for 500kV extra high voltage (EHV) PTLs. Up to now, three generations of the inspection robot prototypes have been developed. In this paper, an overview of the research for these prototypes by SIACAS is given. Then, two latest developments which include a PTLs inspection robot and an insulator detection robot are introduced, respectively. The key technologies such as mechanism, control system, and operation modes, are described in detail. Field experimental results show that the robot prototypes can carry out the practical inspection tasks for 500kV EHV PTLs.
Targeting Multiple Conformations Leads to Small Molecule Inhibitors of the uPAR·uPA Protein–Protein Interaction That Block Cancer Cell Invasion (2011)

Interaction of the urokinase receptor (uPAR) with its binding partners such as the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) at the cell surface triggers a series of proteolytic and signaling events that promote invasion and metastasis. Here, we report the discovery of a small molecule (IPR-456) and its derivatives that inhibit the tight uPAR·uPA protein-protein interaction. IPR-456 was discovered by virtual screening against multiple conformations of uPAR sampled from explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations. Biochemical characterization reveal that the compound binds to uPAR with submicromolar affinity (K(d) = 310 nM) and inhibits the tight protein-protein interaction with an IC(50) of 10 μM. Free energy calculations based on explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations suggested the importance of a carboxylate moiety on IPR-456, which was confirmed by the activity of several derivatives including IPR-803. Immunofluorescence imaging showed that IPR-456 inhibited uPA binding to uPAR of breast MDA-MB-231 tumor cells with an IC(50) of 8 μM. The compounds blocked MDA-MB-231 cell invasion, but IPR-456 showed little effect on MDA-MB-231 migration and no effect on adhesion, suggesting that uPAR mediates these processes through its other binding partners.
Contact-Induced Negative Differential Resistance in Short-Channel Graphene FETs (2012)

In this paper, we clarify the physical mechanism for the phenomenon of negative output differential resistance (NDR) in short-channel graphene FETs through nonequilibrium Green's function simulations and a simpler semianalytical ballistic model that captures the essential physics. This NDR phenomenon is due to a transport mode bottleneck effect induced by the graphene Dirac point in the different device regions, including the contacts. NDR is found to occur only when the gate biasing produces an n-p-n or p-n-p polarity configuration along the channel, for both positive and negative drain-source voltage sweep. In addition, we also explore the impact on the NDR effect of contact-induced energy broadening in the source and drain regions and a finite contact resistance.
4.2 million subscribers with cascaded EDFA-distribution system for 35 TV AM-VSA channels (1992)

With optimised disign erbium doped fibre amplifiers, single 980nm copropagating pump scheme, isolartor and no optical filter, a four cascaded optical distribution system carrying 35 TV AM-VSB channels is presented with a budget of 89 dB and a splitting ratio of 4.2 million
Ocular pathogenicity of herpes simplex virus (1987)

As a relatively small, discrete organ that contains a number of widely different cell types the eye provides an intriguing system in which to study fundamental aspects of virus/cell interactions. Such aspects are considered with particular reference to herpes simplex virus and the pivotal role of virus/neuron interactions in the development of ocular disease. Three aspects of this interaction are discussed: the entry of virus into the eye latency in the trigeminal ganglion nerve damage.
Deficient activity of von Willebrand's factor-cleaving protease in patients with disseminated malignancies. (1999)

An aberrant platelet immunorelated glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) receptor expressed by human tumor cells appears to participate in primary adhesive interactions required for the metastatic process. Hence, we questioned whether plasma von Willebrand's factor (vWf), its adhesive ligand, manifested comparable anomalies in patients with disseminated tumors. Plasma specimens from patients with disseminated metastases showed 68% (P < 0.013), 91% (P < 0.0009), and 207% (P < 0.0009) enhancements in FVIII:C activity, vWf-related antigen levels, and ristocetin co-factor activity, respectively, whereas their SDS-agarose electrophoretic analysis demonstrated a 165% (P < 0.001) increase in the highly polymeric forms of vWf compared to control preparations from patients with corresponding, localized solid tumors. Substantially reduced levels of vWf-cleaving protease activity were observed in study patient specimens, with no plasma inhibitors detectable. The clinical presence and absence of tumor metastases correlated significantly with vWf-cleaving enzyme activities of < or = 15% and > or = 88%, respectively (n = 20; P < 0.0001). Finally, with an in vitro model system, tumor-induced platelet aggregation was enhanced by 127% (P < 0.001) in study patient platelet-rich plasma (PRP) compared to control PRP and could be completely inhibited (P < 0.0009) when both tumor cells and their PRP substrates were incubated with monoclonal antibodies directed against the vWf binding epitope of GPIb alpha and against the GPIb binding epitope of plasma vWf, respectively. Unusually large vWf multimers observed in patients with disseminated tumors probably result from deficient vWf-cleaving protease activity and may represent a novel mechanism regulating primary platelet-tumor adhesive interactions involved in the metastatic process.
ATP induces proliferation of retinal cells in culture via activation of PKC and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase cascade (2002)

Both ATP and acetylcholine can induce the mobilization of intracellular calcium in the early developing chick embryo retina, a response that decreases during retinal development. In this study, the effects of these transmitters on the turnover of phosphoinositides and proliferation of developing retinal cells in culture were characterized. While ATP, UTP or carbachol were able to induce a >400% accumulation of phosphoinositides in retinal cell cultures, only ATP promoted a dose-dependent increase in [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation in cultured cells (EC(50)=8.6 microM), a response that was inhibited by the P2 receptor antagonist pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS) (0.1 or 0.25 mM). ADP, but not UTP or adenosine, also stimulated the proliferation of retinal cells (EC(50)=5.8 microM), indicating that activation of P2Y1 receptors mediates the proliferative response of retinal cells to ATP. The mitogenic effect of ATP was completely prevented by the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine chloride (0.5 microM) and the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 (0.5 microM). PD 98059 (25 or 50 microM), an inhibitor of the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) also blocked the increase in [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation induced by ATP. Moreover, the effect of ATP was pronounced in cultures obtained from retinas at embryonic days 6-8, but not at day 9. Since Müller and bipolar cells are the predominant cell types that proliferate at these embryonic stages, our data suggest that ATP, through activation of P2Y1 receptors coupled to phospholipase C, PKC and MAP kinases, affects DNA synthesis in one or both of these cell types in culture.
Typing of<i>Propionibacterium acnes</i>: a review of methods and comparative analysis (2015)

Propionibacterium acnes is a major commensal of the human skin. However, it is also the pathogen responsible for acne vulgaris and other diseases, such as medical-device infections. Strains of Propionibacterium acnes have long been classified into several different types. Recently, typing systems for this bacterium have taken on an increased importance as different types of P. acnes have been found to be associated with different disease states, including acne. Genetic approaches based on individual or multiple genes have classified P. acnes into types, which have been supported by the sequencing of nearly 100 P. acnes genomes. These types have distinct genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic differences. Additionally, they may have different immune response profiles. Taken together, these factors may account for the different disease associations of P. acnes types.
The antitussive activity of a novel compound RU 20201. (1979)

A novel compound, 1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-8,9b-dimethyl-4-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propionamido]dibenzofuran-3-one dihydrochloride (RU 20201), has been shown to have comparable antitussive activity to that of codeine phosphate in animal experiments after oral administration. RU 20201 was also shown to have local antitussive activity when given by aerosol. This effect took place immediately. Initial observations suggest that RU 20201 is an antitussive compound that exerts its activity in the lungs, probably by direct inhibition of superficial receptors in the respiratory tract.
The relationship between ultrasonic pulsatility index and proximal arterial stenosis in a canine model. (1980)

Although the ultrasonic pulsatility index (PI) is used as a test of arterial inflow, the relationship between proximal arterial stenosis and PI has not been fully evaluated. In a series of experiments on dogs, over 200 measurements of pressure, flow (using an indwelling electromagnetic flowmeter), and PI were made distal to implanted arterial stenoses of varying length (0.5--9 mm) and cross-sectional area (36--94% reduction in area). It was shown that, whereas the reduction of PI correlates broadly with stenosis severity, the scatter of results is wide for all but the tightest stenoses. This scatter is due at least in part to the variability of the vascular bed distal to the site of measurement.
Viscoelastic Stress Model and Mechanical Characterization of Perfluorosulfonic Acid (PFSA) Polymer Electrolyte Membranes (2005)

Many of the premature failures in the PEM fuel cells are attributed to crossover of the reactant gas from pinholes or through-the-thickness flaws in the membranes. The formation of these pinholes is not fully understood, although mechanical stress is often considered one of the major factors in their initiation and/or propagation. This paper reports evidence of pinhole failure from mechanical stress by cycling between wet and dry conditions in a normally built single 50cm2 fuel cell. In an effort to understand the source of the mechanical stress, to quantify the magnitude, and to correlate its role in membrane failure, a membrane stress model based on linear viscoelastic theory was developed. The effects of temperature, water content, and time are accounted for in the membrane stress model. To satisfy the inputs for the membrane model and to characterize the mechanical behavior of the polymer electrolyte membrane, a series of experiments was performed. Using commercially available Nafion® NR111 membrane as a model material, swelling of 15% and shrinkage of 4% were found from a hydration and de-hydration cycle. Data on elastic moduli versus relative humidity showed discontinuity at the vapor and liquid water transition. We also found that creep compliance master curves can be obtained by double-shifting the compliance curves according to the time-temperature-moisture superposition principle, which significantly simplifies the modeling effort. Combining data on hygro-expansion, elastic moduli, and creep compliance data through the membrane stress model, it was found that the de-hydration process induces significant stress in the membrane. Due to fluctuations in fuel cell operating conditions, the membrane and the associated components are subject to mechanical fatigue which may mechanically degrade the membrane of PEM fuel cells and eventually lead to pinhole formation.