gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online and offline BIST in IP-core design (2001)

This article presents an online and offline built-in self-test architecture implemented as an SRAM intellectual-property core for telecommunication applications. The architecture combines fault-latency reduction, code-based fault detection, and architecture-based fault avoidance to meet reliability constraints.
Half-duplex optical transmission link using an LED source–detector scheme (1978)

Half-duplex transmission over a single optical fiber using an LED source–detector (LED-DET) scheme, that is, LED's being used both as light sources and as photodetectors, has been demonstrated. The effective quantum efficiency in the detector mode, including optical power coupling from the fiber, was measured to be 18%, which is compared with the furcation loss in the conventional duplex transmission system using optical directional couplers. It is shown that we can realize a more economical, high-performance, half-duplex data transmission system by using an LED-DET scheme.
<title>Internet stream synchronization using Concord</title> (1996)

Using packet networks to transport multimedia introduces delay variations within and across streams, necessitating synchronization at the receiver. This requires stream data to be buffered prior to presentation, which also increases its total end to end delay. Concord recognizes that applications may wish to influence the underlying synchronization policy in terms of its effect on quality of service. It provides a single framework for synchronization within and across streams and employs an application specific tradeoff between packet losses, delay and inter- stream skew. We present a new predictive approach for synchronization and a selection of results from an extensive evaluation of Concord for use in the Internet. A trace driven simulator is used, allowing a direct comparison with alternative approaches. We demonstrate that Concord can operate with lower maximum delay and less variation in total end to end delay, which in turn can allow receiver buffer requirements to be reduced.
Retroviral vectors. (1995)

The most widespread use of retroviral vectors is a general purpose expression vectors for experimental researches, in eukaryotic cell culture. Some retroviral vectors have several more specialized applications in genetics and possibly in medicine. The principles of the design and construction of retroviral vectors are presented, as well as their applications and limits.
Detection of colorectal neoplasm using promoter methylation of ITGA4, SFRP2, and p16 in stool samples: a preliminary report in Korean patients. (2011)

Our results demonstrate that ITGA4, SFRP2 and p16 promoter methylation in stool samples had high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of colorectal adenomas and CRC. This newly developed screening may be a useful non-invasive alternative screening for CRC detection.
Systemic use of pentosan polysulphate in the treatment of osteoarthritis (1996)

Forty dogs diagnosed as having chronic osteoarthritis took part in a double-blind clinical dose-response study using the antiarthritic agent pentosan polysulphate (PPS). After complete physical examination to ensure good general health, dogs received four subcutaneous injections at intervals of one week 0, 1, 3 or 5 mg/kg PPS from code-numbered bottles. At weekly intervals and four weeks after the last injection, weakness, stiffness, pain on joint manipulation, willingness to exercise, body condition and overall response were scored. There were no differences between groups in baseline data, but dogs receiving PPS had a favourable response compared to dogs receiving a placebo for lameness, body condition, pain on joint manipulation and willingness to exercise. The 3 mg/kg dose rate gave the best improvement, the 1 mg/kg dose was partially effective and the 5 mg/kg group was least effective. The use of PPS at a dose rate of 3 mg/kg for the treatment of clinical osteoarthritis in dogs is indicated by our study.
Gel electrophoresis of DNA (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGel electrophoresis of DNASharon BootsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 8, 551A–553APublication Date (Print):April 15, 1989Publication History Published online22 September 2008Published inissue 15 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00183a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00183a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views578Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tunable dielectric resonators with dielectric tuning disks in cylindrical enclosures (2002)

Tunable dielectric resonators with dielectric tuning disks in cylindrical enclosures are modeled by mode matching method. Tuning properties of TE/sub 01/ mode such as tuning ranges, spurious mode separation, unloaded quality factors and couplings, etc., are investigated for both rod- and ring-type dielectric resonators. Wide tuning ranges are obtained while other properties of resonators are maintained over the tuning ranges.
Improvement in the Histochemical Localization of Leucine Aminopeptidase with a New Substrate, <i>L</i>-Leucyl-4-Methoxy-2-Naphthylamide (1960)

A new method for the histochemical demonstration of leucine aminopeptidase in fresh frozen sections was developed with the substrate L-leucyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide. The superior enzyme localization is due to the more rapid rate of coupling of the hydrolysis product, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine as compared to 2-naphthylamine itself, and to the low lipid solubility and high substantivity for protein of the copper chelate of the dye formed on coupling with tetrazotized diorthoanisidine. A comparison of the old and the new method is illustrated, and a description is given of the localization of leucine aminopeptidase in the tissues of the rat and man.
BORON CARBIDE CONTINUOUS FILAMENTS. (1965)

Abstract : The potential of boron carbide as a filamentary material for reinforcement of plastic matrices is as great or greater than any material yet considered from the viewpoint of modulus to density ratio. The E/Rho value of 7.15 (in x 10 to the 8th power) for boron carbide is seen to exceed that of boron and silicon carbide, two other materials being studied for similar applications. The ultimate goal of this program is to determine the feasibility of the production of continuous filaments of B4C having a tensile strength of 500,000 psi and possessing the elastic modulus of bulk boron carbide (60-70 x 1000,000 psi). One method of producing B4C filaments, the deposition of B4C from gaseous mixtures of H2, CH4 and BCl3 (dynamic method) was extensively evaluated utilizing a batch process. Filaments were formed on a 1 mil tungsten substrate by this method that exhibited tensile strengths as high as 300,000 psi, with one value of 330,000 psi recorded. Bend strengths of over 3,000,000 psi have also been measured and modulus values of 70 x 1000,000 psi have been obtained. These results are discussed in detail. A second method (pure vapor method) for forming B4C filaments was studied, but discontinued due to practical limitations. Various materials, such as molybdenum, tungsten, iron, stainless steel and silica were studied for use as possible substrate materials. In the batch process which was developed, only .001 in. tungsten was mechanically strong enough to survive deposition temperatures used (1000 C-1200 C).
Interleukin-1, Inflammation and Disease (1990)

List of Contributors. Preface. SECTION A: Introduction. Chapter 1 Fever: historical aspects (6 papers) (E. Atkins). Chapter 2 Was the original endogenous pyrogen interleukin-1 (1 paper) (C. A. Dinarello). SECTION B: Biochemistry of interleukin-1 . Chapter 3 Cloning and expression of interleukin-1 (7 papers) (U. Gubler, Anne O. Chua, D.K. Lugg), Chapter 4 Differential gene expression, synthesis, processing and release of interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-1beta (5 papers) (Y. Kobayashi, K. Matsushima, J. Oppenheim), Chapter 5 The interleukin-1 receptor and post-receptor events (Introduction) (S.K. Dower, S. Gillis and J.E. Simms), Chapter 6 Assay of Interleukin-1 (3 papers) (J.H. Gearing and R. Thorpe), Chapter 7 Mechanisms and mediators in inflammation (8 papers) (G.A. Higgs), Chapter 8 The role of interleukin-1 in the immune response (4 papers), (K. Muegge and S.K. Durum), Chapter 9 Interleukin-1 and the vascular endothelial cell in inflammation (6 papers) (D.O. Haskard), Chapter 10 Interleukin-1 and connective tissue (6 papers) (J. Saklatvala), Chapter 11 Regulatory interactions between interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and other inflammatory mediators (3 papers) (W.E. Scales and S.L. Kunkel). SECTION C: Interleukin-1 and systematic inflammation . Chapter 12 Fever (10 papers) (C.A. Dinarello), Chapter 13 Acute phase proteins (11 papers), Chapter 14 Inflammatory activities of locally or systematically administered interleukin-1 (4 papers) (R. Pettipher and B. Henderson), Chapter 15 Neuroendocrine interactions with interleukin-1 in inflammation (5 papers) (H. Nakamura) Chapter 16 Interleukin-1 in inflammatory joint disease (3 papers) (G. Duff), Chapter 17 Interleukin-1 in dematologic disease (3 papers) (D.N. Saunder), Chapter 18 Oscular inflammation (6 papers) (P. Bhattacherjee and P.S. Kulkarni). SECTION D: Pharmacological manipulation of interleukin-1 . Chapter 19 (4 papers) (J-M Dayer and P. Seckinger), Chapter 20 Pharmacological manipulation of interleukin-1 synthesis, secretion or action (5 papers) (J.A. Schmidt, J. Rhodes and R. Bomford). Subject Index. Elsevier Imprint
Growth Hormone Insensitivity Associated with a<i>STAT5b</i>Mutation (2003)

This report documents that the syndrome of growth hormone insensitivity (severe short stature, increased secretion of growth hormone, but low serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I [IGF-I] and IGF–binding protein 3) in a teenage girl was due to a homozygous missense mutation in the gene for STAT5b, an essential component of the actions of growth hormone, as well as many other cytokine-induced functions.
Approximating the Stochastic Knapsack Problem: The Benefit of Adaptivity (2004)

We consider a stochastic variant of the NP-hard 0/1 knapsack problem in which item values are deterministic and item sizes are independent random variables with known, arbitrary distributions. Items are placed in the knapsack sequentially, and the act of placing an item in the knapsack instantiates its size. Our goal is to compute a solution "policy" that maximizes the expected value of items placed in the knapsack, and we consider both non-adaptive policies (that designate a priori a fixed sequence of items to insert) and adaptive policies (that can make dynamic choices based on the instantiated sizes of items placed in the knapsack thus far). We show that adaptivity provides only a constant-factor improvement by demonstrating a greedy non-adaptive algorithm that approximates the optimal adaptive policy within a factor of 7. We also design an adaptive polynomial-time algorithm which approximates the optimal adaptive policy within a factor of 5 + /spl epsiv/, for any constant /spl epsiv/ > 0.
A Novel, Simple and Practical Protocol for N-Protected-α-Amino Hydroxamic Acids (1999)

Abstract A facile single step methodology for the preparation of N-Protected-α-amino hydroxamic acids from readily accessible N-protected oxazolidinones using hydroxylamine hydrochloride and triethylamine is described.
Detection of “<i>Candidatus</i>Helicobacter suis” in Gastric Samples of Pigs by PCR: Comparison with Other Invasive Diagnostic Techniques (2000)

Recently, a new 16S ribosomal DNA-based PCR assay was developed for the specific detection of "Candidatus Helicobacter suis" (former "Gastrospirillum suis") in porcine gastric samples. In the present study, this PCR assay was compared to three other invasive diagnostic methods (rapid urease test, immunohistochemistry, histologic analysis by Giemsa staining). Antral stomach samples from 200 slaughterhouse pigs from Belgium and The Netherlands were examined. Bacterial presence was determined in 77% (154 of 200) of the samples by PCR in combination with Southern blot hybridization, 56% (111 of 200) of the samples by immunohistochemistry, 61% (122 of 200) of the samples by urease testing (20 h postinoculation [p.i.]), 36% (71 of 200) of the samples by urease testing (3 h p.i.), and 33% (65 of 200) of the samples by Giemsa staining. The intrinsic specificity of the PCR assay was assessed by Southern blot analysis with an "Candidatus H. suis"-specific probe and sequencing of PCR products. Interassay sensitivity and specificity values were assessed for each test by pairwise comparisons between tests. Agreement between tests was evaluated by calculating Cohen's kappa coefficient. From that analysis, the PCR assay was considered the most reliable benchmark. Microscopic detection of immunohistochemically labeled or Giemsa-stained "Candidatus H. suis" cells in stomach sections proved to be highly specific (100%) but relatively insensitive (72 and 42%, respectively) compared to the PCR assay. A longer incubation time of the urease test improved its sensitivity considerably (74 versus 55%) but was accompanied by a loss of specificity (72 versus 93%). In conclusion, we found the "Candidatus H. suis"-specific PCR assay to be a sensitive and reliable diagnostic method for the detection of "Candidatus H. suis" in the stomachs of pigs and could prove to be a valuable tool for further epidemiological studies both for "Candidatus H. suis"- and for "Helicobacter heilmannii" type 1-related research.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density in head and neck tumorigenesis. (2000)

Angiogenesis is a fundamental process in tumor growth and metastasis, and its significance and that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression as prognostic indicators have been documented for various types of human tumors. However, the mechanisms responsible for angiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are not well defined. To examine the relationship between angiogenesis and the phenotypic progressions of head and neck tumorigenesis, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze VEGF expression and microvessel density in 70 paraffin-embedded specimens that contained adjacent normal epithelium, premalignant lesions, or both from 57 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ten samples of normal oral mucosa were obtained from people who did not smoke or drink alcohol and included in the analysis as normal controls. Microvessel density was evaluated by averaging 10 microscopic fields (x400) in a defined area of each specimen. The degree of VEGF expression was assessed on a cell-by-cell basis in 10 microscopic fields (x200) in a defined area on a scale ranging from 0 (no expression) to 3+ (highest level of expression). In addition, the weighted mean index of VEGF expression was calculated. The mean +/- SD weighted mean index of VEGF expression in normal control epithelium (1.10 +/- 0.38, n = 10) was higher than it was in adjacent normal epithelium (0.82 +/- 0.27, n = 13; P = 0.04). VEGF expression decreased as samples ranged from normal adjacent epithelium to hyperplasia (0.78 +/- 0.28, n = 21), mild dysplasia (0.70 +/- 0.29, n = 28), moderate dysplasia (0.67 +/- 0.29, n = 11), severe dysplasia (0.51 +/- 0.39, n = 6), and squamous cell carcinoma (0.20 +/- 0.27, n = 70; overall P = 0.0001). VEGF expression was two times lower in cases with nodal disease (0.17 +/- 0.26, n = 29) than it was in nonnodal disease (0.32 +/- 0.29, n = 16; P = 0.02). Microvessel density showed no significant difference from adjacent normal epithelium premalignant lesions to cancer. In tumor, no correlation was seen between VEGF expression or microvessel density and differentiation, primary tumor site, T stage, or smoking status. These findings indicate that VEGF expression is down-regulated during head and neck tumorigenesis. However, further studies are required to better understand the mechanism of VEGF down-regulation in head and neck tumorigenesis.
Effects of environmental conditions, aging, and build orientations on the mechanical properties of ASTM type I specimens manufactured via stereolithography (2012)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of aging, pre‐conditioning, and build orientation on the mechanical properties of test samples fabricated using stereolithography (SL) and a commercially available resin.
Protein Breakdown in Muscle from Burned Rats Is Blocked by Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitors (2005)

We reported previously that IGF-I inhibits burn-induced muscle proteolysis. Recent studies suggest that activation of the phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway with downstream phosphorylation of Forkhead box O transcription factors is an important mechanism of IGF-I-induced anabolic effects in skeletal muscle. The potential roles of other mechanisms in the anabolic effects of IGF-I are less well understood. In this study we tested the roles of mammalian target of rapamycin and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) phosphorylation as well as MAPK- and calcineurin-dependent signaling pathways in the anticatabolic effects of IGF-I by incubating extensor digitorum longus muscles from burned rats in the presence of IGF-I and specific signaling pathway inhibitors. Surprisingly, the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin reduced basal protein breakdown. No additional inhibition by IGF-I was noticed in the presence of LY294002 or wortmannin. Inhibition of proteolysis by IGF-I was associated with phosphorylation (inactivation) of GSK-3beta. In addition, the GSK-3beta inhibitors, lithium chloride and thiadiazolidinone-8, reduced protein breakdown in a similar fashion as IGF-I. Lithium chloride, but not thiadiazolidinone-8, increased the levels of phosphorylated Foxo 1 in incubated muscles from burned rats. Inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin, MAPK, and calcineurin did not prevent the IGF-I-induced inhibition of muscle proteolysis. Our results suggest that IGF-I inhibits protein breakdown at least in part through a PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta-dependent mechanism. Additional experiments showed that similar mechanisms were responsible for the effect of IGF-I in muscle from nonburned rats. Taken together with recent reports in the literature, the present results suggest that IGF-I inhibits protein breakdown in skeletal muscle by multiple mechanisms, including PI3K/Akt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3beta and Foxo transcription factors.
Dynamic NMR study and theoretical calculations on the conformational exchange of valsartan and related compounds (2007)

Valsartan (1), an antihypertensive drug of the sartan family, and three related compounds, 3-methyl-2-((2'-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-ylmethyl) pentanoylamino)butyric acid (2), 3-isopropyl-6-propyl-4-(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-ylmethyl) morpholine-2,5-dione (3), and 3-isopropyl-6-propyl-4-(4'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl4-ylmethyl) morpholine-2,5-dione (4), were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Assignment of (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances for the compounds were completed using COSY, HSQC and HMBC techniques. It was found that each of the compounds 1, 2, and 4 had two sets of (1)H and (13)C resonances, suggesting the presence of two conformers in solution. Based on NOESY experiments at different temperatures, thermodynamic parameters of the conformational exchange process were deduced for these compounds. The exchange barrier was found to be 17.9 +/- 0.7, 18.5 +/- 0.8, and 17.7 +/- 0.6 kcal mol(-1) with the corresponding free energy difference (DeltaG) of 0.32 +/- 0.04, 0.23 +/- 0.01, and 0.13 +/- 0.04 kcal mol(-1) for 1, 2, and 4, respectively, at 298 K. Two conformations of valsartan were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculation. The results showed that two conformers of valsartan interchange via rotation about the C(O)--N bond.
Recent development in a high-speed silicon optical modulator based on reverse-biased pn diode in a silicon waveguide (2008)

We review the recent development of a high-speed silicon optical modulator based on electric-field-induced carrier depletion effect in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide containing a reverse-biased p–n junction. The device design, fabrication and characterization are presented. To obtain efficient optical modulation, we design a sub-micrometer size silicon waveguide phase shifter based on both semiconductor device modeling and photonic circuit modeling. By employing traveling-wave drive that allows co-propagation of electrical and optical signals along the waveguide, we demonstrate a high-frequency modulator with 3 dB optical response bandwidth of 30 GHz and data transmission up to 40 Gb s−1. Such a high-speed silicon modulator will be a key component for silicon-photonic-integrated circuits for future computing I/O applications.
Overview of Multi-Agent Approach for Micro-Grid Energy Management (2014)

As the power generation paradigm is going green by involvement of renewable energy sources, the energy management process also has to evolve towards new more powerful, intelligent control methods. The inter-connection of a large number of renewable energy sources to the grid, along with their obvious advantages, makes the grid highly distributed. This may cause problems of efficient control, stability, reliability, power quality and security, thus represent one of the greatest engineering challenges. To enable greater amounts of distributed and renewable energy resources across the power grid backbone for providing better demand management, the next-generation electricity grid is emerging as a system of organically integrated intelligent Micro-Grids. In order to make them intelligent the application of Information & Communication Technology (ICT), remote sensing and communication technology to power systems is gaining momentum making Micro-Grids smart. Agent-oriented software engineering paradigm represents an interesting means of analyzing, designing and building complex software systems, quite suitable to the requirements of making Micro-Grids smart. Multi-Agent System (MAS) seems to have marvelous features that meet the operation and control requirements of distributed energy resources in Micro-Grids. This paper presents an overview of the emerging sub-field of Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Multi-Agent System to control and manage the changing face of electric power grid by inculcating the intelligent agents into Micro-Grids.