gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging Applications of Decision Support Systems (DSS) in Crisis Management (2011)

The recent financial crisis, the growth of the frequency of extreme risk events are motivations for a new analysis of the mechanisms and processes that implies high risk and high uncertainty. The new dynamics and the severe impact of the extreme events (natural hazards, terrorism, technological accidents, and economic/financial crises), but also the complexity of interventions have motivated the scientific community to find new efficient solutions for decision making process dedicated for crisis management, especially for solving the following aspects: time urgency, the complexity of event, the volatility/ rapidly changing of event/ decision conditions, the chaotic surrounding environment ingredient, the human behaviour in critical situations (emotional stress), the consequences for decision failure, poor data, frequent interruption during the decision making process. Extreme risk events are no longer only high impact low probability events. Indeed, the literature demonstrates that these types of events are more frequent and also their impact is also more critical. The governments are responsible not only for the post crisis management of extreme events. In this case, better knowledge could offer opportunities to reduce the impact. Emerging aspects regarding the integration of the concept of hybrid DSS in the treatment of extreme risk management will be presented. The efficiency of using intelligent ingredients in decision support systems (DSS) is linked to the human limits but also on the dynamics of huge data in the context of imprecision and uncertainty. Different applications for the use of hybrid DSS in flood and drought risk management, asymmetric risk and crisis management exercises will be also presented. Many extreme risk events are associated with modern human environment and in this case the spectrum of risks is changed with a difference between the perceived possibility and reality (Renn, 1992). Extreme risk is expressed by the potential for the realization of unwanted, adverse consequences to human life, health, property, or the environment. In Kaplan, Garrick (1981) is proposed the risk triplet (S-scenario, P-likelihood, D-possible consequence), a framework that responds to the nature of disaster events that can occur, how likely is a particular event, what are the consequences. Decision makers in extreme risk environments should respond in a new different manner because modern crisis management requires urgent developments toward better, more elaborated and appropriate means for extreme risks. Extreme risk management needs to
Evaluation of Receptors for Somatostatin in Various Tumors Using Different Analogs* (1990)

The binding characteristics of several somatostatin (SS-14) analogs developed in our laboratory were examined in various human and animal tumors and normal tissues. In rat cerebral cortex and human breast cancer membranes the interaction of SS-14 with its binding sites was rapid, specific, saturable, linear with protein concentrations, and dependent on time and temperature. Analysis of kinetic and equilibrium experimental data showed that the interaction of [125I-Tyr11]SS-14 with the binding sites in all normal and tumoral tissue specimens was consistent with the presence of a single class of noncooperative binding sites. Superactive octapeptide analogs of somatostatin-containing hexapeptide sequences Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys or Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys showed significant binding affinities to SS-14 receptors. Among these analogs, D-Trp-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr-NH2 (RC-98-I) showed the highest binding affinity to normal human pancreatic tissue and human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In contrast, Sandostatin (SMS 201-995) bound only to normal pancreas, not to human pancreatic cancers. Analog RC-98-I also showed a high binding to human and rat prostate cancers. In human epithelial ovarian cancers and an arrhenoblastoma, analogs D-Phe-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Trp-NH2 (RC-95-I), D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Thr-NH2 (RC-121) and D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Trp-NH2 (RC-160) appeared to be the most potent in displacing labeled SS-14. Analogs Ac-Phe-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr-NH2 (RC-101-I) as well as RC-121, RC-160, and RC-95-I, but not SMS-201-995, showed high binding affinity in human breast cancers. In specimens of human meningioma the highest binding was found with analogs RC-121, RC-95-I, and RC-101-I. Since marked variations in binding affinities were noted for several analogs in the tissues of origin and the tumors, this suggest that differences may exist between somatostatin receptors not only in normal vs. cancerous tissues, but also among various tumors. Our findings also imply that some analogs could be therapeutically superior to others in the treatment of certain tumors.
Robustness of Burst Firing in Dissociated Purkinje Neurons with Acute or Long-Term Reductions in Sodium Conductance (2005)

Cerebellar Purkinje neurons often generate all-or-none burst firing in response to depolarizing stimuli. Voltage-clamp experiments using action potential waveforms show that burst firing depends on small net inward currents that flow after spikes and reflect the net balance between multiple large currents. Given this, burst firing is surprisingly robust in the face of changes in the magnitude of the underlying currents from cell to cell. We explored the basis of this robustness by examining the effects of reducing the sodium current, the major contributor to the postspike inward current. Burst firing persisted in concentrations of tetrodotoxin that produced half-block of sodium current. This robustness of bursting reflects an acute feedback mechanism whereby waveform changes from the reduced sodium current (reduced spike height and a hyperpolarizing shift in postspike voltage) cause compensatory decreases in postspike potassium currents. In particular, reduced spike height reduces calcium entry and subsequent calcium-activated potassium current, and the hyperpolarizing shift in postspike voltage speeds deactivation of Kv3-like potassium channels. Other experiments examined bursting in Na(v)1.6-/- mice, in which sodium current density is reduced in the long term. Under these circumstances, there was upregulation of both T-type and P-type calcium current and a change in the balance of calcium current and calcium-activated potassium current such that their net influence shifted from being inhibitory during bursts in wild-type neurons to excitatory during bursts from Na(v)1.6-/- mutant neurons. Thus, Purkinje neurons have both acute and long-term feedback mechanisms that serve to maintain burst firing when voltage-dependent sodium conductance is reduced.
Summarization Evaluation: An Overview. (2001)

This paper provides an overview of different methods for evaluating automatic summarization systems. The challenges in evaluating summaries are characterized. Both intrinsic and extrinsic approaches are discussed. Methods for assessing informativeness and coherence are described. The advantages and disadvantages of specific methods are assessed, along with criteria for choosing among them. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future directions.
Recent advances in the electrolytes for interfacial stability of high-voltage cathodes in lithium-ion batteries (2014)

We present the useful processes in the research of functional electrolytes for interfacial stability of high-voltage cathodes in Li-ion batteries.
In Vivo Histamine Optical Nanosensors (2012)

In this communication we discuss the development of ionophore based nanosensors for the detection and monitoring of histamine levels in vivo. This approach is based on the use of an amine-reactive, broad spectrum ionophore which is capable of recognizing and binding to histamine. We pair this ionophore with our already established nanosensor platform, and demonstrate in vitro and in vivo monitoring of histamine levels. This approach enables capturing rapid kinetics of histamine after injection, which are more difficult to measure with standard approaches such as blood sampling, especially on small research models. The coupling together of in vivo nanosensors with ionophores such as nonactin provide a way to generate nanosensors for novel targets without the difficult process of designing and synthesizing novel ionophores.
Strong flexoelectric behavior in bimesogenic liquid crystals (2006)

In this paper, we demonstrate strong flexoelectric coupling in bimesogenic liquid crystals. This strong coupling is determined via the flexoelectro-optic effect in chiral nematic liquid crystals based on bimesogenic mixtures that are doped with low concentrations of high twisting power chiral additive. Two mixtures were examined: one had a pitch length of p∼300nm, the other had a pitch length of p∼600nm. These mixtures exhibit enantiotropic chiral nematic phases close to room temperature. We found that full-intensity modulation, that is, a rotation of the optic axis of 45° between crossed polarizers, could be achieved at significantly lower applied electric fields (E&lt;5Vμm−1) than previously reported. In fact, for the condition of full-intensity modulation, the lowest electric-field strength recorded was E=2Vμm−1. As a result of a combination of the strong flexoelectric coupling and a divergence in the pitch, tilt angles of the optic axis up to 87°, i.e., a rotation of the optic axis through 174°, were observed. Furthermore, the flexoelastic ratios, which may be considered as a figure-of-merit parameter, were calculated from the results and found to be large, ranging from 1.3to2C∕Nm for a temperature range of up to 40°C.
Tunable high-Q surface-acoustic-wave resonator (2007)

The feasibility of a tunable two-port surface-acoustic-wave resonator is analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally. The center frequency of the resonator is tuned by varying the equivalent length of its cavity. The variation of the center frequency achieved in the experiment is 25 kHz, with the width of the resonance peak being ≈4 kHz at a level of −3 dB (the loaded Q factor of the resonator is ≈24600) and a frequency of ≈98 MHz. As a result of this study, a tunable resonator controlled by a static electric field that realizes the parameters predicted theoretically is designed. This resonator may serve as a basis for a stable tunable oscillator with a low phase noise.
Crohn's disease and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (2011)

HBO has shown benefits in patients with CD refractory to pharmacologic therapy.
The Application of a Molecular Clock Based on Molecular Sequences and the Fossil Record to Explain Biogeographic Distributions Within the Alexandrium tamarense "Species Complex" (Dinophyceae) (2003)

The cosmopolitan dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium, and especially the A. tamarense species complex, contain both toxic and nontoxic strains. An understanding of their evolution and paleogeography is a necessary precursor to unraveling the development and spread of toxic forms. The inclusion of more strains into the existing phylogenetic trees of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex from large subunit rDNA sequences has confirmed that geographic distribution is consistent with the molecular clades but not with the three morphologically defined species that constitute the complex. In addition, a new clade has been discovered, representing Mediterranean nontoxic strains. The dinoflagellates fossil record was used to calibrate a molecular clock: key dates used in this calibration are the origins of the Peridiniales (estimated at 190 MYA), Gonyaulacaceae (180 MYA), and Ceratiaceae (145 MYA). Based on the data set analyzed, the origin of the genus Alexandrium was estimated to be around late Cretaceous (77 MYA), with its earliest possible origination in the mid Cretaceous (119 MYA). The A. tamarense species complex potentially diverged around the early Neogene (23 MYA), with a possible first appearance in the late Paleogene (45 MYA). A paleobiogeographic scenario for Alexandrium is based on (1) the calculated possible ages of origination for the genus and its constituent groups; (2) paleogeographic events determined by plate movements, changing ocean configurations and currents, as well as climatic fluctuations; and (3) the present geographic distribution of the various clades of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex.
Effect of Atrial Fibrillation on Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (2003)

PersistAF appears to increase the potential of HPCs for (cardio)myogenesis. Restitution of CD34+HPC levels, mediated by SDF-1alpha and possibly ANP, occurs within several weeks after successful cardioversion.
Simulation of proton therapy treatment verification via PET imaging of induced positron-emitters (2004)

Earlier works, including a recent one at BNL, demonstrated that PET is a promising technique to verify the dose distribution of proton therapy, which is increasingly used in radiation oncology because the dose conforms more tightly to the tumor than common x-ray radiation therapy. Proton therapy produces positron-emitting isotopes along the beam path, allowing the therapy dose distribution to be imaged by PET as a form of quality assurance of the treatment. This is especially important when treating inhomogeneous organs such as the lungs or the head-and-neck, where the calculation of the expected dose distribution for treatment planning is more difficult. In this paper, we present Monte Carlo simulations of the yield of positron emitters produced by proton beams up to 250 MeV, followed by statistically realistic Monte Carlo simulation of the images expected from a clinical PET scanner. The emphasis of this study is to accurately predict the positron emitter distribution and to determine the quality of the PET signal in the region near the Bragg peak which is critical to the success of PET imaging for verification of proton beam location and dosimetry. In this paper, we also demonstrate that the image results depend strongly on the available nuclear reaction cross section data. We determine quantitatively the differences in the calculated positron emitter yields resulting from four different sets of input nuclear reaction cross section data. They are compared to the simulated distributions of positron emitter productions and absorbed proton energies.
Impact of Oxygen Enriched Air Intake on the Exhaust of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine (2011)

Problem statement: The objective of the research is to investigate the effect of using oxygen enriched air on Diesel engine exhaust emission. Approach: In the present experimental work a computerized Single cylinder Diesel engine with data acquisition system was used to study the effects of oxygen enriched air intake on Exhaust emissions. Engine test has been carried out in the above said engine for different loads and Exhaust Emissions like CO, CO 2 , NOx and HC with respect to different percentage of oxygen enrichment were discussed. Results and Conclusion: Increasing the oxygen content with the air leads to faster burn rates and the ability to control Exhaust Emissions. Added oxygen in the combustion air offers more potential for burning diesel. Oxy-fuel combustion reduces the volume of flue gases and reduces the effects of green house effect also.
<title>Resistance To Oxidation Of Te-Se Optical Recording Films</title> (1983)

The resistance to oxidation and cracking of metal-Te-Se recording films and their mechanisms have been studied. The metals included In, Pb, Sn, Bi, and Sb. The films were deposited by multi-source, high-speed rotary evaporation on substrates with glass-U.V. light curing resin-cellulose nitrate or acetate structures. The role of Se is to inhibit the oxidation and the role of metallic elements are to inhibit cracking and to decrease noise in reproduced signals by making crystal grains smaller. Selection of substrate surface material, especially selection of U.V.light curing resin, is also important to avoid oxidation of the recording film. Depth profiles of the recording films have been analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to clarify the mechanisms of oxidation inhibition.
Modulation of VEGF-induced endothelial cell cycle protein expression through cyclic AMP hydrolysis by PDE2 and PDE4 (2004)

Endothelial cell proliferation in response to VEGF plays an important role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. The role of PDE2 and PDE4 in VEGF-induced proliferation in HUVEC was investigated: 1) VEGF increased cAMP-hydrolytic activity by up-regulating the expression of PDE2 and PDE4 isozymes; 2) VEGF increased progression in cell cycle with an increase in p42/p44 MAP kinase, cyclin A and cyclin D1 expressions and with a decrease in p21 waf1/cip1 and p27 kip1 expressions; 3) EHNA (20 micro M), a selective PDE2 inhibitor, RP73401 (10 micro M), a selective PDE4 inhibitor blocked the VEGF-induced increase in p42/p44 MAP kinase expression; 4) RP73401, but not EHNA, blocked the VEGF-induced increase in cyclin A and decrease in p27 kip1 expressions; 5) EHNA, contrary to RP73401, enhanced the VEGF-induced increase of cyclin A and decrease of p27 kip1. 6) EHNA and RP73401 together blocked the VEGF-induced increase in cyclin D1 and decrease in p21 waf1/cip1 expressions; 7) Inhibition of VEGF-upregulated PDE2 and PDE4 reversed the VEGF-induced alterations in cell cycle protein expression, bringing back endothelial cells to a non-proliferating status. Consequently, PDE2 and PDE4 inhibitions were able to inhibit VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation by restoring cell cycle key protein expression, and might thus be useful in excessive angiogenesis. Furthermore, the differences between PDE2 and PDE4 effects may suggest compartmentalized effects.
The Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Receptor in Testis: Interaction with FSH, Mechanism of Signal Transduction, and Properties of the Purified Receptor1 (1989)

The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor purified from calf bovine testis membranes appears to be an oligomeric glycoprotein, consisting of 4 disulfide-linked monomers of molecular weight about 60,000 each. Polyclonal antibodies to the hormone binding sites of the receptor have been developed. FSH interaction with the receptor seems to involve multiple discrete binding regions, which include amino acids 34-37 and 49-52 of the human FSH beta subunit. The interaction between FSH and the membrane-bound receptor is reversible at low temperatures but becomes increasingly irreversible as the temperature increases. FSH interaction with the soluble receptor is reversible over a wider temperature range. The hydrophobic effect is a significant factor in the initial hormone receptor interaction in each system. FSH bound to membrane receptors on cultured immature rat Sertoli cells is internalized and degraded to the level of amino acids. Current evidence suggests that the membrane receptor may exist as free receptor, and complexed with G-protein. A functional receptor/G-protein/adenylate cyclase complex has been reconstituted in liposomes. The G-protein of testis membranes contains both high and low affinity guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding sites. Both are capable of modulating FSH receptor binding, whereas only the high affinity sites seem to be required for activation of adenylate cyclase. Although testis membranes contain a phosphatidylinositide hydrolysis system, the latter is not directly influenced by FSH.
Bis-coordination of <i>N</i>-(Alkyl)-<i>N</i>‘-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) Heterocyclic Carbenes to Grubbs Catalysts (2007)

N-(Alkyl)-N'-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) carbenes display an exceptional tendency toward bis(NHC) coordination in their reaction with the Grubbs complex [RuCl2(CHPh)(PCy3)2]. The resulting bis(NHC) complexes show substantial olefin metathesis activity at elevated temperature. One NHC ligand is expected to dissociate from the metal center for the catalyst to be activated. This NHC ligand lability is confirmed by the observation that both NHCs are exchangeable when the complexes are treated with an excess of PCy3. In addition, the isolation of a new mono(NHC) complex is described, as well as its reactivity in the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cycloocta-1,5-diene and the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of diethyl diallylmalonate.
Common Genetic Variants in<i>ARNTL</i>and<i>NPAS2</i>and at Chromosome 12p13 are Associated with Objectively Measured Sleep Traits in the Elderly (2013)

Evans DS; Parimi N; Nievergelt CM; Blackwell T; Redline S; Ancoli-Israel S; Orwoll ES; Cummings SR; Stone KL; Tranah GJ. Common genetic variants in ARNTL and NPAS2 and at chromosome 12p13 are associated with objectively measured sleep traits in the elderly. SLEEP 2013;36(3):431-446.
Evaluation of a thermionic ionization detector for nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of a thermionic ionization detector for nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsCurt M. White, Albert. Robbat, and Randall M. HoesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 2, 232–236Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00266a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (655 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bent waveguide couplers for (de) multiplexing of arbitrary broadly-separated wavelengths using two-mode interference (1995)

A novel technique is presented for the optimization of waveguide couplers configured as broad-band wavelength (de) multiplexers. We show that bending the coupler to an appropriate radius modifies the beat lengths at each wavelength, so that two-mode interference can be used to achieve efficient multiplexing performance with a compact device. Calculated and experimental results for such a device implemented in a silicon oxynitride deeply-etched rib waveguide system are presented. Almost 20-dB and 14-dB contrast are achieved in the demultiplexer configuration at 1550-nm and 850-nm wavelengths, respectively, with a coupler only 145 μm long.
Updating the metagenomics toolbox (2007)

Metagenomics--the application of the genomics suit of technologies to uncultivated microorganisms--is coming of age. Sophisticated technologies are being developed and adapted to this promising genetic resource to make increasing use of the seemingly boundless molecular and functional diversity. Particular progress has been made in the areas of randomly proliferating limited-source DNA, massively parallel sequencing without cloning, isolating specific target sequences from highly complex template mixtures, high-throughput assay systems targeting metabolic pathways, artificial transcriptional regulators activating reporter genes to indicate enzymatic substrate conversion and cDNA cloning from extracted mRNA to directly clone actively expressed genes from a microbial consortium. However, challenges still lie ahead. Most prominently, the efficient heterologous expression of a plethora of potentially interesting enzymes from unknown source organisms is not readily achieved.