gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing platinum sensitivity among Medicare FFS patients with limited versus extensive-stage small cell lung cancer receiving NCCN category 1 preferred regimens. (2022)

e20601 Background: There is limited research evaluating real-world platinum sensitivity and treatment patterns among patients with limited vs. extensive stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: We identified patients with SCLC in 2017 using ICD-10 diagnosis (Dx) and drug codes in the 2016-20 Medicare Parts A/B/D 100% Research Identifiable Files. Patients had 1+ lung cancer Dx and continuous enrollment in Parts A/B/D from the month prior to first Dx in 2017 (index) through 2020 or death. Patients with evidence of end-stage renal disease, prior lung or any metastatic cancer Dx within 12 months of index, lung resection/lobectomy, or use of a drug indicated only for non-SCLC or lung neuroendocrine cancer per NCCN guidelines were excluded. Use of systemic therapies cisplatin (ci), carboplatin (ca), etoposide intravenous (etIV), atezolizumab (at), durvalumab (du) and irinotecan (ir) were observed. Patients included in our study were treated with first-line NCCN Category 1 preferred regimens: ca/etIV, ca/etIV/at, ca/etIV/du, ca/ir, ci/etIV, ci/etIV/du, or ci/ir. First line of therapy (LoT1) was defined based on the first claim for a first-line regimen administered within 90 days following or up to 14 days before index. The end of LoT1 was defined as the earliest of death, 32 days after the last administration, or the start of a second line of therapy (LoT2). Patients initially treated with ca/etIV/at, ca/etIV/du, ca/ir, ci/etIV/du, or ci/ir regimens were flagged with extensive stage disease. Patients not receiving these regimens were classified as limited stage disease if they had 15+ days of radiation therapy over a 6-week period during or within 60 days of LoT1. Patients were deemed platinum sensitive (PS) if we did not observe a LoT2, hospice, or death within 6 months of LoT1. Uncategorizable patients were flagged Status Unknown (SU). All other patients were deemed platinum refractory (PR). Results: We identified 3,772 SCLC patients receiving NCCN Category 1 preferred regimens: 43% (1,607) had limited stage, and 57% (2,165) had extensive stage at index. Among patients with extensive stage, 71% (1,541) were PR compared with 34% (548) of patients with limited stage. On average, patients with extensive stage had fewer platinum cycles in LoT1 than those with limited stage. Conclusions: More platinum refractory patterns were observed among Medicare FFS patients with extensive stage SCLC than among patients with limited stage SCLC. Patients with extensive stage SCLC also underwent fewer platinum cycles in their first line of therapy.[Table: see text]
Analysis of the frequency domain adaptive filter (1979)

The purpose of this note is to demonstrate significant analytical simplifications for studying the behavior of adaptive filtering in the frequency domain as opposed to studying the behavior of adaptive filtering in the time domain. A closed form expression, for the single complex weight in the frequency domain adaptive filter, is presented which allows significant statistical analysis to be performed. The mean-square error of the filter is evaluated as a function of the algorithm step size and the signal and noise powers.
Basic study on see-through microstrip antennas constructed on a window glass (1992)

The structure and experimental results of the see-through microstrip antenna with parallel-wire structure are described. A simplified calculation model for the method of moments is then shown. Finally, some calculated results are demonstrated. A parallel-wire structure instead of the mesh could be used to improve the transparency of the antenna without deteriorating the performance of the antenna.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Methionine Enkephalin (1997)

Recently met-enkephalin has been identified to be derived from its prohormone, pro-enkephalin A in macrophages and T helper cells. Its immunological profile is similar to IL2 and gamma interferon. Met-enkephalin specifically increases numbers of cytotoxic cells (CD8 and NK) that are effective against viruses and tumors. Anti-viral activity was demonstrated against Herpes, AIDS, CMV, Coronavirus, FluA, and Japanese Encephalitis either alone or in combination with known anti-virals. Anti-tumor activity was seen against melanoma, sarcoma, lung cancer, colon, leukemia, and neuroblastoma. In addition, clinical studies in AIDS and cancer patients are discussed.
Sub Microgram Determination of Arsenic, Selenium, Antimony and Bismuth By Atomic Absorption Utilizing Sodium Borohydride Reduction (1973)

Abstract A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of arsenic, selenium, antimony and bismuth is described. These elements and their compounds are reduced to the corresponding hydride with sodium borohydride. The gaseous hydride is generated and collected by means of a generator fitted with a collapsible reservoir. The collected gases are subsequently introduced into an argon supported hydrogen flame and determined utilizing atomic absorption.
Effect of Water Activity a <sub>w</sub> of Milk on acid Production by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (1989)

ABSTRACT Rate of acid production by Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 11842 and Streptococcus thermophilus ATCC 19258 was measured at temperatures between 30°C and 50°C in milks which had been adjusted from 0.992 to 0.943 a w with glycerol. Data were fitted with a nonlinear mathematical model of the Arrhenius type. Decrease of a w inhibited acid production by both organisms. Range of temperatures, within which the rate of acid production was higher than 50% of the optimal rate, was also narrowed with both species. Optimal temperatures of acid production were unaffected by changes of a w . Minimum a w for acid production was always lower when a w of milk was adjusted with glucose or sucrose than with glycerol.
31P NMR spectroscopy, chemical analysis, and free Mg2+ of rabbit bladder and uterine smooth muscle. (1986)

31P NMR spectra of isolated rabbit bladder and uterus were obtained under steady-state arterial perfusion in vitro at rest and while stimulated. The spectra contained seven major peaks: phosphoethanolamine, sn-glycero(3)phosphocholine, inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphocreatine, and the gamma, alpha, and beta peaks of ATP. Chemical analyses, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and NMR spectroscopy of aqueous extracts of bladders identified a number of other components that also made contributions to, but were not resolved in, the spectra of the intact tissues: UTP, GTP, UDP-Glc, NAD+, phosphocholine, and sn-glycero(3)phosphoethanolamine. Intracellular pH of unstimulated bladders and uteri, measured from the chemical shift of the Pi peak, was 7.10 +/- 0.09 S.D. and 7.01 +/- 0.12 S.D., respectively. The chemical shift of the beta-ATP peak in the smooth muscles was significantly upfield (-0.3 ppm) compared to the chemical shift observed in striated muscles (cat biceps and rat myocardium). An ADP peak was identified in stimulated and ischemic bladders. The chemical shifts of the nucleotides observed in perfused bladders were calibrated as a function of free Mg2+ concentration in solutions containing phosphocreatine, Pi, ADP, and ATP at an ionic strength of 180 mM. We derived the following estimates for the intracellular free Mg2+ concentration: uterus, 0.40 mM; unstimulated bladder, 0.46 mM; stimulated and ischemic bladder, 0.50 mM (from the ATP chemical shift) and 0.45 (from the ADP chemical shift); cat biceps, 1.5 mM; and rat myocardium, 1.4 mM.
Modeling of the Wind Turbine With a Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Grid Integration Studies (2006)

Due to its many advantages such as the improved power quality, high energy efficiency and controllability, etc. the variable speed wind turbine using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is becoming a popular concept and thus the modeling of the DFIG based wind turbine becomes an interesting research topic. Fundamental frequency models have been presented but these models are often complex with significant numerical overhead as the power converter block consisting of power control, rotor side and grid side converter control and DC link are often simulated in detail. This paper develops a simple DFIG wind turbine model in which the power converter is simulated as a controlled voltage source, regulating the rotor current to meet the command of real and reactive power production. This model has the form of traditional generator model and hence is easy to integrate into the power system simulation tool such as PSS/E. As an example, the interaction between the Arklow Bank Wind Farm and the Irish National Grid was simulated using the proposed model. The model performance and accuracy was also compared with the detailed model developed by DIgSILENT. Considering the simplification adopted for the model development, the limitation and applicability of the model were also discussed in this paper.
Meqalac Development at Brookhaven (1981)

A novel method of transporting and accelerating high brightness ion beams, called MEQALAC, has been developed at Brookhaven. The concept and its motivation will be described first, with reference to other sources for detail, and then the performance of two operating MEQALAC's will be presented.
Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of 2‐pyridylacetic acid, a major metabolite of betahistine, in a phase 1 dose escalation study in subjects with ADHD (2015)

Betahistine, a potent histamine H3 receptor antagonist, is being developed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that manifests with symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. This study describes the pharmacokinetics of betahistine in ADHD subjects at doses higher than 50 mg. These assessments were made during a randomized, placebo-controlled, single blind, dose escalation study to determine the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of once daily doses of 50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg of betahistine in subjects with ADHD. Plasma levels of 2-pyridylacetic acid (2-PAA), a major metabolite of betahistine were quantified using a validated LC-MS/MS method and used for pharmacokinetic analysis and dose proportionality of betahistine. A linear relationship was observed in Cmax and AUC0-4 of 2-PAA with the betahistine dose (R2 0.9989 and 0.9978, respectively) and dose proportionality coefficients (β) for the power model were 0.8684 (Cmax) and 1.007 (AUC0-4). A population pharmacokinetic model with first-order absorption of betahistine and metabolism to 2-PAA, followed by a first-order elimination of 2-PAA provides estimates of clearance that underscored the linear increase in systemic exposure with dose. There were no serious adverse events reported in the study, betahistine was safe and well tolerated at all the dose levels tested.
Fourier Analysis Reveals Increased Trabecular Spacing in Sickle Cell Anemia (2002)

Sickle cell anemia may expand marrow spaces in the jaws. Fourier analysis is well-suited to the analysis of trabecular spacing in radiographs. We hypothesize that individuals with sickle cell anemia demonstrate increased intertrabecular spacing. Periapical radiographs of 18 African Americans with sickle cell disease and 18 controls were examined by one-dimensional discrete Fourier analyses in both jaws for measurement of the spatial frequency distribution of repeating trabecular structures. A strut analysis of trabeculae was also performed and the results compared. Trabecular structures in individuals with sickle cell anemia revealed increased intertrabecular distance compared with controls. Strut analysis revealed significant reductions in trabecular complexity. Fourier analysis allows for the classification of subjects with 94% sensitivity and specificity. Fourier analysis of dental radiographs is a more effective method of identifying individuals with sickle cell anemia than strut analysis.
Rapid thermal annealing using the combustion of H2 with N2O (1996)

The combustion of H2 gas with N2O gas was investigated in order to rapidly heat substrate to a high temperature. A transient thermometry with a 100-nm-thick Cr film as a temperature sensor formed on quartz substrate was used to measure temperature change at the surface. The gas combustion was induced by heating a W filament. It propagated with a velocity higher than 100 m/s throughout a chamber for an initial total gas pressure of 500 Torr ([H2]/[N2O]=1). The sample surface is heated to 800 °C for an initial substrate temperature at 300 °C. The full heating time width at half maximum was 4.5 ms. This letter shows a possibility of millisecond-order rapid thermal treatment.
Noncontacting lateral transportation using gas squeeze film generated by flexural traveling waves—Numerical analysis (2003)

This paper presents the theory describing the dynamical behavior of a noncontacting lateral transportation of planer objects by means of a gas squeeze film created by traveling flexural waves of a driving surface. An oscillating motion in the normal direction between two surfaces can generate a gas film with an average pressure higher than the surrounding. This load-carrying phenomenon arises from the fact that a viscous flow cannot be instantaneously squeezed; therefore, fast vibrations give rise to a cushioning effect. Equilibrium is established through a balance between viscous flow forces and compressibility forces. When the oscillatory motion between two surfaces creates traveling waves, lateral viscous forces are generated in addition to the normal levitation forces. These forces are produced as a result of nonuniform pressure gradients in the lateral direction between the surfaces. The combination of normal and lateral forces could be used for transporting objects without any direct contact with the driving surface. The numerical algorithm in this work couples the squeeze film phenomenon, which is represented by means of finite difference equations, to model a variant of the Reynolds equation, together with the equations describing the dynamics of the floating object. Numerical simulations are presented and investigated to highlight noteworthy topics.
Metal-Free Intermolecular Oxidative C–N Bond Formation via Tandem C–H and N–H Bond Functionalization (2011)

The development of a novel intermolecular oxidative amination reaction, a synthetic transformation that involves the simultaneous functionalization of both a N-H and C-H bond, is described. The process, which is mediated by an I(III) oxidant and contains no metal catalysts, provides a rapid and green method for synthesizing protected anilines from simple arenes and phthalimide. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the reaction proceeds via nucleophilic attack of the phthalimide on an aromatic radical cation, as opposed to the electrophilic aromatic amination that has been reported for other I(III) amination reactions. The application of this new reaction to the synthesis of a variety of substituted aniline derivatives is demonstrated.
Pharmacology of diabetes : present practice and future perspectives (1991)

A rapid development has taken place within a number of pharmacological areas both with respect to insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes and also within the prevention and treatment of complications of both types of patients. The book is meant as a working guide for the practical diabetologists active in all parts of the health care system and, along with other volumes in this series, should cover most parts of diabetes management, not only from a treatment point of view, but also from the point of diagnosis and etiology of the disease. International authors deal with: pharmacological effects in the acute or short-term treatment of patients (eg new aspects of insulin treatment); and pharmacological effects of long-term perspective of treatment in the prevention of complications of the microvascular and macrovascular system, concerning among other biguanides, sulphonyluria, glucosylation, inhibition and alpha-glucosidase inhibitions.
Optimization Models and Solution Algorithms for Freight Routing Planning Problem in the Multi-Modal Transportation Networks: A Review of the State-of-the-Art (2015)

With the remarkable development of international trade, global commodity circulation has grown significantly. To accomplish commodity circulation among various regions and countries, multi-modal transportation scheme has been widely adopted by a large number of companies. Meanwhile, according to the relevant statistics, the international logistics costs reach up to approximate 30-50% of the total production cost of the companies. Lowering the transportation costs has become one of the most important sources for a company to raise profits and maintain competitiveness in the global market. Thus, how to optimize freight routes selection to move commodities through the multi-modal transportation network has gained great concern of both the decision makers of the companies and the multi-modal transport operators. In this study, we present a systematical review on the multi-modal transportation freight routing planning problem from the aspects of model formulation and algorithm design. Following contents are covered in this review: (1) distinguishing the formulation characteristics of various optimization models; (2) identifying the optimization models in recent studies according to the formulation characteristics; and (3) discussing the solution approaches that are developed to solve the optimization models, especially the heuristic algorithms.
Attitudes toward entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship performance in Ethiopia (2016)

Attitudes toward entrepreneurship have an effect on the entrepreneurship performance. Attitudes toward entrepreneurship are affected by variety of factors. Education and training are one of those factors. Education and training develops positive attitudes toward entrepreneurship by ensuring that students at different level of education are exposed to the concept of entrepreneurship by using multiple channels to promote entrepreneurship. Attitude toward entrepreneurship affects the propensity of individuals to become entrepreneurs and to establish new enterprise. The main objective of this study is to explain the effect of the changes of attitudes on the Entrepreneurship performance. There are two hypotheses. The first hypothesis stated that Education and Entrepreneurship training, and people's attitudes toward entrepreneurship are significantly and positively related and the second hypothesis stated that there is strong and direct relationship between positive attitudes toward entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship performance. Explanatory research design was used. It explains the cause and effect relationship between education and entrepreneurship training and people's attitudes toward entrepreneurship, and the cause and effect relationship between people's attitudes toward entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship performance. The target population of the study included entrepreneurs who are doing business in manufacturing, construction, urban agriculture and services sectors of micro and small business enterprises. The sample size was determined using the formula provided by Yamane (1967) cited by Israel (1992) through considering level of precision, confidence level, and degree of variability. Accordingly, 450 respondents were selected randomly and 450 questionnaires were distributed. From 450 questionnaires distributed, 400 were fully answered and returned. This indicated that the response rate is 89%. To make explanatory data analysis and to test hypotheses, simple and multiple linear regression analysis were used. The results of the study show that education and training are significantly and positively changes the attitudes of people toward entrepreneurship. The positive attitudes toward entrepreneurship in turn resulted in Entrepreneurship performance since it encouraged people to start and successfully run new businesses.
Synthesis of Several Oxazolidines and Cycloacetals of Sphingosine and Dihydrosphingosine.<sup>1</sup> IV (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Several Oxazolidines and Cycloacetals of Sphingosine and Dihydrosphingosine.1 IVBENJAMIN WEISSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 2, 491–497Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01061a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01061a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ANONYMOUS BUT AUTHORIZED TRANSACTIONS SUPPORTING SELECTIVE TRACEABILITY (2010)

While privacy was more or less neglected in the early days of the Internet, in recent years it has emerged to be a hot topic in computer security research. Among other reasons, since the use of the Internet is becoming more and more ubiquitous, cloud computing emerges and consequently users provide a lot of information to potentially untrusted third parties. In this paper we propose an approach which provides a means for users to anonymously conduct transactions with a service-provider such that those transactions can neither be linked to a specific user nor linked together. At the same time, a service-provider can be sure that only authorized users are able to conduct transactions. In particular, we bring together the concepts of anonymous authentication from public-key encryption and anonymous as well as unlinkable token based transactions in order to profit from the advantages of the two single approaches. Since full anonymity is usually not desirable, we provide mechanism to identify misbehaving anonymous users behind transactions. More precisely, we realize selective traceability, which allows revocation of the anonymity of a suspicious users along with the identification of all of her transactions, without violating the privacy of all remaining users.
Visualizing uncertainty in flow diagrams (2017)

Business Intelligence applications often handle data sets that contain uncertain values. In this work we focus on product costing, which deals with the average costs of product components - that vary significantly based on many factors such as inflation, exchange rates, and commodity prices. After experts provide the uncertainty information for single items, decision makers need to quickly understand the cost uncertainties within the hierarchical data structure of the complete product.
A high density recording technology for digital VCRs (1990)

High-density recording using high-performance ME (metal evaporation) tape, a Viterbi decoder in the playback circuit, and a novel mechanism for tape transport is described. These developments have made it possible to realize an areal density of 1.35- mu m/sup 2//bit (479 Mbpi/sup 2/).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>