gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety and Metabolism of Long-term Administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Healthy Overweight Adults (2019)

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a newly discovered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>) precursor vitamin. A crystal form of NR chloride termed NIAGEN is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in foods and the subject of two New Dietary Ingredient Notifications for use in dietary supplements. To evaluate the kinetics and dose-dependency of NR oral availability and safety in overweight, but otherwise healthy men and women, an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Consumption of 100, 300 and 1000 mg NR dose-dependently and significantly increased whole blood NAD<sup>+</sup> (i.e., 22%, 51% and 142%) and other NAD<sup>+</sup> metabolites within 2 weeks. The increases were maintained throughout the remainder of the study. There were no reports of flushing and no significant differences in adverse events between the NR and placebo-treated groups or between groups at different NR doses. NR also did not elevate low density lipoprotein cholesterol or dysregulate 1-carbon metabolism. Together these data support the development of a tolerable upper intake limit for NR based on human data.
Regioselective Enzyme-catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrazole-containing Podands (1993)

Initial results are described about a new synthesis of a family of the acylic cation-complexing compounds named podands containing a pyrazole moiety as a part of the molecule. This synthesis was carried out by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of the corresponding pyrazole-3,5-dicarbethoxy derivative with di- and triethyleneglycol monomethylether; it afforded good yields and a high degree of regioselectivity in N-substituted pyrazoles where 3 and 5 positions are not equivalents. As an initial approach, a simpler model of transesterification with n-octanol was studied.
Are Different Rhythms Good for Different Functions? (2010)

This essay discusses the relationship between the physiology of rhythms and potential functional roles. We focus on how the biophysics underlying different rhythms can give rise to different abilities of a network to form and manipulate cell assemblies. We also discuss how changes in the modulatory setting of the rhythms can change the flow of information through cortical circuits, again tying physiology to computation. We suggest that diverse rhythms, or variations of a rhythm, can support different components of a cognitive act, with multiple rhythms potentially playing multiple roles.
SLC28 genes and concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) proteins (2008)

The human concentrative nucleoside transporter (hCNT) protein family has three members, hCNT1, 2, and 3, encoded by SLC28A1, A2, and A3 genes, respectively. hCNT1 and hCNT2 translocate pyrimidine- and purine-nucleosides, respectively, by a sodium-dependent mechanism, whereas hCNT3 shows broad substrate selectivity and the unique ability of translocating nucleosides both in a sodium- and a proton-coupled manner. hCNT proteins are also responsible for the uptake of most nucleoside-derived antiviral and anticancer drugs. Thus, hCNTs are key pharmacological targets. This review focuses on several crucial aspects of hCNT biology and pharmacology: protein structure-function, structural determinants for transportability, pharmacogenetics of hCNT-encoding genes, role of hCNT proteins in nucleoside-based therapeutics, and finally hCNT physiology.
Opinion Mining of Spanish Customer Comments with Non-Expert Annotations on Mechanical Turk (2010)

One of the major bottlenecks in the development of data-driven AI Systems is the cost of reliable human annotations. The recent advent of several crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, allowing requesters the access to affordable and rapid results of a global workforce, greatly facilitates the creation of massive training data. Most of the available studies on the effectiveness of crowdsourcing report on English data. We use Mechanical Turk annotations to train an Opinion Mining System to classify Spanish consumer comments. We design three different Human Intelligence Task (HIT) strategies and report high inter-annotator agreement between non-experts and expert annotators. We evaluate the advantages/drawbacks of each HIT design and show that, in our case, the use of non-expert annotations is a viable and costeffective alternative to expert annotations. 1
Skilful precipitation nowcasting using deep generative models of radar (2021)

Precipitation nowcasting, the high-resolution forecasting of precipitation up to two hours ahead, supports the real-world socioeconomic needs of many sectors reliant on weather-dependent decision-making<sup>1,2</sup>. State-of-the-art operational nowcasting methods typically advect precipitation fields with radar-based wind estimates, and struggle to capture important non-linear events such as convective initiations<sup>3,4</sup>. Recently introduced deep learning methods use radar to directly predict future rain rates, free of physical constraints<sup>5,6</sup>. While they accurately predict low-intensity rainfall, their operational utility is limited because their lack of constraints produces blurry nowcasts at longer lead times, yielding poor performance on rarer medium-to-heavy rain events. Here we present a deep generative model for the probabilistic nowcasting of precipitation from radar that addresses these challenges. Using statistical, economic and cognitive measures, we show that our method provides improved forecast quality, forecast consistency and forecast value. Our model produces realistic and spatiotemporally consistent predictions over regions up to 1,536 km × 1,280 km and with lead times from 5-90 min ahead. Using a systematic evaluation by more than 50 expert meteorologists, we show that our generative model ranked first for its accuracy and usefulness in 89% of cases against two competitive methods. When verified quantitatively, these nowcasts are skillful without resorting to blurring. We show that generative nowcasting can provide probabilistic predictions that improve forecast value and support operational utility, and at resolutions and lead times where alternative methods struggle.
Subjective performance evaluation of the RPE-LTP codec for the pan-European cellular digital mobile radio system (2003)

The planned pan-European cellular digital mobile radio (DMR) system will use a regular pulse excitation with long-term predictor (RPE-LTP), 13 kb/s codec. Four phases of experimentation were planned: (1) national preselection tests; (2) European selection tests; (3) optimization tests; and (4) verification and characterization tests with simulated burst-error patterns. The subjective listening tests adopted are described, and an outline of the performance of the RPE-LTP codec with other parts of the digital network is given. Some general guidance is also given on its performance with nonvoice services which include information and DTMF tones.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactions of Hydride, Borohydride, and Aluminohydride Compounds of the f-Elements (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, Structure, and Reactions of Hydride, Borohydride, and Aluminohydride Compounds of the f-ElementsMichel EphritikhineView Author Information Service de Chimie Moléculaire, DSM, DRECAM, CNRS URA 331, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 6, 2193–2242Publication Date (Web):October 1, 1997Publication History Received13 January 1997Revised17 March 1997Published online1 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr960366nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr960366nresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3416Altmetric-Citations351LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Crystal structure,Hydrocarbons,Lanthanides,Ligands Get e-Alerts
Stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis (2013)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy, toxicity and adverse effects of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). A total of 101 patients diagnosed with primary HCC with PVTT were enrolled in this study and were randomly divided into three groups as follows: group A, 34 patients treated with γ-SBRT followed by TACE; group B, 37 patients treated with TACE followed by γ-SBRT; and group C, 30 patients treated with γ-SBRT alone. The effective response rate for the entire patient sample was 87.1% (88/101) following a 3-month treatment. The differences in the response rate, survival rate, α-fetoprotein level restoration rate and rate of improvement of abdominal distention and discomfort between groups A and B were not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, the rates of groups A and B were higher compared to those of group C (P<0.05). The exacerbation rate of liver function in group A was lower compared to that in group B (P<0.05), although it exhibited no statistically significant difference from that in group C (P>0.05). No severe radiation-related complications were reported during the follow-up period. The combination of γ-SBRT and TACE was shown to be a relatively effective local treatment for primary HCC patients with PVTT. Compared to γ-SBRT followed by TACE and γ-SBRT alone, TACE followed by γ-SBRT may exert a negative effect on liver function. These results suggested that the combination of TACE and γ-SBRT may be considered a relatively effective, safe and feasible treatment method for primary HCC patients with PVTT, although TACE followed by γ-SBRT may negatively affect liver function.
Evolved {beta}-galactosidases from Geobacillus stearothermophilus with improved transgalactosylation yield for galacto-oligosaccharides production. (2009)

International audience
A highly-underactuated robotic hand with force and joint angle sensors (2011)

This paper describes a novel underactuated robotic hand design. The hand is highly underactuated as it contains three fingers with three joints each controlled by a single motor. One of the fingers (“thumb”) can also be rotated about the base of the hand, yielding a total of two controllable degrees-of-freedom. A key component of the design is the addition of position and tactile sensors which provide precise angle feedback and binary force feedback. Our mechanical design can be analyzed theoretically to predict contact forces as well as hand position given a particular object shape
High-b-Value Diffusion-Weighted Imaging at 3 T to Detect Prostate Cancer: Comparisons Between b Values of 1,000 and 2,000 s/mm<sup>2</sup> (2009)

Prostate DWI performed at 3 T using high b values was able to improve differentiation of tumors from benign tissue. DWI performed using a b value of 1,000 s/mm2 was more sensitive and more accurate in predicting localized prostate cancer than DWI performed using a b value of 2,000 s/mm2.
The Spirit and Power of the Liturgy: Understanding Liturgical Catechesis (2006)

Liturgical or sacramental celebration is the rich world of ritual and symbol and hence, liturgical catechesis. Liturgical catechesis aims at initiating people into an awareness of the mystery of Christ through a very particular and unique mode, the world of symbol and its symbolic catechesis, and concerns the value of ritual as repeated symbolic behaviour.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Urothelial Cell Lines and Hybrids: Production and Characterization (1985)

Eleven independent monoclonal antibodies, the LBS series, were isolated after immunization of mice with RT112 cells, a continuous cell line derived from a transitional cell carcinoma of the human bladder. These antibodies were tested by indirect immunofluorescence on a panel of 28 human cell lines, of which 17 were urothelial carcinoma-derived, 4 of non-urothelial carcinoma origin, 3 fibroblast cell lines, 4 lymphoblastoid lines and 7 murine cell lines. Also tested were 7 somatic cell hybrid clones derived by fusion of human RT112 cells with murine bladder carcinoma MB63T/H cells. None of the LBS antibodies reacted with mesenchyme-derived cells, although all reacted with RT112 cells. On the basis of reactivity with the cell line panel, the antibodies were divided into 3 groups. Group I (LBS-1 and 19) reacted with all human epithelium-derived cell lines. Group II (LBS-2, 8, 15 and 17) reacted only with human urothelium-derived cells, tending to recognise the least anaplastic types. Group III antibodies (LBS-10, 20A, 20B, 21 and 34) were urothelium-specific on the human continuous cell line panel, but additionally reacted with murine urothelial and epithelial cell lines. The 6 human-specific antibodies (Group I and II) were used for preliminary analysis of human gene expression in a series of 7 mouse X human urothelial somatic cell hybrids. Each hybrid reacted with at least 1 LBS antibody, although there were changes in gene expression with time in culture, indicating both loss and unmasking of human genes. These data suggest the LBS-series antibodies recognise different determinants associated with epithelial and urothelial cell differentiation, and thus may be valuable probes in the study of normal differentiation and malignant transformation in human urothelial cells.
Biogenesis and Dynamics of Mitochondria during the Cell Cycle: Significance of 3′UTRs (2006)

Nowadays, we are facing a renaissance of mitochondria in cancer biology. However, our knowledge of the basic cell biology and on the timing and mechanisms that control the biosynthesis of mitochondrial constituents during progression through the cell cycle of mammalian cells remain largely unknown. Herein, we document the in vivo changes on mitochondrial morphology and dynamics that accompany cellular mitosis, and illustrate the following key points of the biogenesis of mitochondria during progression of liver cells through the cycle: (i) the replication of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is synchronized during cellular proliferation, (ii) the accretion of OXPHOS proteins is asynchronously regulated during proliferation being the synthesis of beta-F1-ATPase and Hsp60 carried out also at G2/M and, (iii) the biosynthesis of cardiolipin is achieved during the S phase, although full development of the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) is attained at G2/M. Furthermore, we demonstrate using reporter constructs that the mechanism regulating the accretion of beta-F1-ATPase during cellular proliferation is controlled at the level of mRNA translation by the 3'UTR of the transcript. The 3'UTR-driven synthesis of the protein at G2/M is essential for conferring to the daughter cells the original phenotype of the parental cell. Our findings suggest that alterations on this process may promote deregulated beta-F1-ATPase expression in human cancer.
The limits of stereoscopic vision (1996)

Abstract This chapter begins with a discussion of basic terminology and tasks, tests of stereoscopic vision, and stereoacuity. It then covers spatial factors in stereoacuity, luminance contrast and stereopsis, disparity and spatial scale, stereoacuity and eye movements, temporal factors in stereopsis, and experiential and practice effects.
MOCVD and ALD of High‐<i>k</i> Dielectric Oxides Using Alkoxide Precursors (2006)

Abstract A number of high‐permittivity (κ) dielectric oxides are currently being investigated as alternatives to SiO 2 as the dielectric insulating layer in sub‐0.1 μm CMOS technology. Metal‐organic (MO)CVD and atomic layer deposition (ALD) are promising techniques for the deposition of these high‐κ dielectric oxides. In this paper it is shown how the use of “designed” metal alkoxide precursors, containing bidentate donor‐functionalized alkoxide ligands, in MOCVD leads to a marked improvement in the physical properties of the MOCVD precursors and process parameters. However, the use of such ligands is not as beneficial in the ALD process, highlighting the very different requirements of MOCVD and ALD precursors.
Antioxidants in leaves of Rosa rugosa (1997)

To search for useful antioxidants from plant materials, we investigated the antioxidative activity in the methanol extracts of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using DPPH method. The highest activity (RC50: 12 μg) was showed in the methanol extract of Rosa rugosa, followed by Potentilla fruticosa (14 μg). P. fragarioides (16 μg), and Geum aleppicum (18 μg). From the leaves of R. rugosa, two antioxidative compounds were isolated by a bioassay guided purification and identified as isoquercitrin and β-glucogallin on the basis of 1H-, 13C-NMR, and FAB-MS data. β-Glucogallin is the first report in this plant. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of β-glucogallin (RC50: 8.5 μg) was more effective than those of α-tocopherol (12 μg) and BHA (14 μg).
Prioritizing Test Cases in Regression testing using Fault Based Analysis (2012)

Testing is an integral part of any software development lifecycle. It takes considerable amount of time and capital to generate test cases and apply testing. Genetic Algorithms are proving to be great tool in optimizing software testing. This paper uses the concept of Genetic algorithms in optimizing software testing. In this paper, we have analysed genetic algorithms and studied their effectiveness to find the faults and time overhead-based criteria to -prioritize test cases. The proposed approach is providing the solution of test cases sequencing as well as reduction by using an intelligent dynamic approach. The proposed system will generate the test cases based on the priorities, which are assigned by the algorithm to test cases on the basis of some intelligent operations. A cumulative mutation probability (CMP) metric is used to determine the effectiveness of the new test case orderings
On the mechanism of decomposition of dithiocarbamates (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the mechanism of decomposition of dithiocarbamatesSerge J. Joris, Keijo I. Aspila, and Chuni L. ChakrabartiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 4, 860–865Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100699a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100699a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Augmented reality system using lidar point cloud data for displaying dimensional information of objects on mobile phones (2014)

Abstract. Mobile augmented reality system is the next generation technology to visualise 3D real world intelligently. The technology is expanding at a fast pace to upgrade the status of a smart phone to an intelligent device. The research problem identified and presented in the current work is to view actual dimensions of various objects that are captured by a smart phone in real time. The methodology proposed first establishes correspondence between LiDAR point cloud, that are stored in a server, and the image t hat is captured by a mobile. This correspondence is established using the exterior and interior orientation parameters of the mobile camera and the coordinates of LiDAR data points which lie in the viewshed of the mobile camera. A pseudo intensity image is generated using LiDAR points and their intensity. Mobile image and pseudo intensity image are then registered using image registration method SIFT thereby generating a pipeline to locate a point in point cloud corresponding to a point (pixel) on the mobile image. The second part of the method uses point cloud data for computing dimensional information corresponding to the pairs of points selected on mobile image and fetch the dimensions on top of the image. This paper describes all steps of the proposed method. The paper uses an experimental setup to mimic the mobile phone and server system and presents some initial but encouraging results
Using Bi-clustering Algorithm for Analyzing Online Users Activity in a Virtual Campus (2010)

Data mining algorithms have been proved to be useful for the processing of large data sets in order to extract relevant information and knowledge. Such algorithms are also important for analyzing data collected from the users’ activity users. One family of such data analysis is that of mining of log files of online applications that register the actions of online users during long periods of time. A relevant objective in this case is to study the behavior of online users and feedback the design processes of online applications to provide better usability and adaption to users’ preferences. The context of this work is that of a virtual campus in which thousands of students and tutors carry out the learning and teaching activity using online applications. The information stored in log files of virtual campuses tend to be large, complex and heterogeneous in nature. Hence, their mining requires both efficient and intelligent processing and analysis of user interaction data during long-term learning activities. In this paper, we present abi-clustering algorithm for processing large log data sets from the online daily activity of students in a real virtual campus. Our approach is useful to extract relevant knowledge about user activity such as navigation patterns, activities performed as well as to study time parameters related to such activities. The extracted information can be useful not only to students and tutors to stimulate and improve their experience when interacting with the system but also to the designers and developers of the virtual campus in order to better support the online teaching and learning.