gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of vanadium tetrachloride with aluminum trialkyls/alkyl chlorides: formation of intermediates in Ziegler polymerization (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of vanadium tetrachloride with aluminum trialkyls/alkyl chlorides: formation of intermediates in Ziegler polymerizationSudhin Datta and F. T. MorrarCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 24, 6430–6440Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00050a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00050a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Spirocyclic Glucose-Proline Hybrids (GlcProHs) (2005)

A short synthetic route to polyhydroxylated spirocyclic glucose-based l-proline analogues is described from easily prepared 2,3,4,6 tetra-O-benzyl-d-glucono-lactone. The synthesis involves C-glycosylation of an exocyclic glucose-based epoxide with allyltributylstannane that affords functionalized C-ketosides containing an α-hydroxy ester moiety. Oxidation of the alcohol function, followed by stereoselective reductive amination provides an amine that undergoes iodine-induced aminocyclization to provide spirocyclic glucose-proline hybrids bearing an iodomethylene side-chain. The iodo function of the side-chain can be converted into ­other functional groups such as ester and hydroxyl groups, thereby allowing additional modifications to the pyrrolidine ring.
Speaker adaptation using combined transformation and Bayesian methods (1996)

Adapting the parameters of a statistical speaker independent continuous-speech recognizer to the speaker and the channel can significantly improve the recognition performance and robustness of the system. In continuous mixture-density hidden Markov models the number of component densities is typically very large, and it may not be feasible to acquire a sufficient amount of adaptation data for robust maximum-likelihood estimates. To solve this problem, we have recently proposed a constrained estimation technique for Gaussian mixture densities. To improve the behavior of our adaptation scheme for large amounts of adaptation data, we combine it here with Bayesian techniques. We evaluate our algorithms on the large-vocabulary Wall Street Journal corpus for nonnative speakers of American English. The recognition error rate is approximately halved with only a small amount of adaptation data, and it approaches the speaker-independent accuracy achieved for native speakers.
Impact of $\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$ Passivation Thickness in Highly Scaled GaN HEMTs (2012)

This letter studies the influence of the passivation thickness on the device characteristics of InAlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors with a gate length between sub-30 and 70 nm. As the Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> passivation thickness increases, the current collapse in 80-μs pulsed- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> measurements decreases from 30% to 13%, while dc characteristics are almost unchanged with the exception of increasing drain-induced barrier lowering. The thicker passivation increases the fringing gate capacitance, which can be about 30% of the total gate capacitance in the devices with a gate length below 35 nm. This capacitance results in a significant drop of current-gain cutoff frequency ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ), and its effect is more important in the shorter gate length devices.
Incremental Static Semantic Analysis (1997)

Language-based programming environments provide some or all of the functionality of a compiler, an interactive debugger, a browser, and a configuration manager behind a unified user interface based on an editing paradigm. As the user edits a program, the changes are processed incrementally, allowing for low-latency updates to derived information. This information can be made available to interactive environment services, such as browsing, navigation, and real time error-reporting.
In this dissertation, we address an important subproblem in the construction of such environments, the generation of static semantic analyzers that operate in an incremental mode. Our work is embodied in the Colander II system, which introduces both a new metalanguage for the declarative specification of static semantic analyses and new techniques for generating an incremental analyzer from these specifications automatically.
Our specification metalanguage melds the advantages of traditional attribute grammars, including amenability to extensive generation-time analysis, with the expressiveness and client-independence characteristic of Ballance's Logical Constraint Grammars. In comparison to traditional attribute grammars, our metalanguage allows much more of the incrementality inherent in a particular analysis task to be exposed within the formalism itself, where it can be exploited automatically by our implementation.
Our incremental analysis algorithms exploit the attributed objects and function-valued attributes provided by our metalanguage, mapping these expressive notations onto a fine-grained incremental implementation. We are thus able to automatically generate incremental analyzers that handle long-distance dependencies and aggregate attributes efficiently. Our methods allow unusual freedom to control the granularity of incremental evaluation, allowing performance tradeoffs to be chosen as demanded by the needs of the application rather than as dictated by the a priori requirements of the algorithms.
We have also developed a static analysis and transformation on attribute grammars that accommodates a useful class of circular attribute dependencies, automating the backpatching method used in hand-coded compilers. The transformation is employed in Colander II, but is applicable to attribute grammars in general.
We have used the Colander II system to create a static semantic analyzer for the programming language Modula-2, which has revealed both strengths and weakness in our specification paradigm. Interestingly, the most significant difficulty that we encountered applies equally to traditional attribute grammars, but has not been widely appreciated in the attribute grammar literature.
Our work was performed in the context of the Ensemble project at UC Berkeley, which is constructing a prototype integrated multilingual language-based software development environment based on the editing of structured multimedia documents.
Deferred shading techniques using frostbite in "Battlefield 3" and "Need for Speed the Run" (2011)

Deferred shading algorithms offer games the ability to render many light sources in real-time, however traditional approaches to implementing deferred shading on the GPU are fill-rate intensive and constrain light complexity to maintain real time performance.
Atomic layer growth and processing (1991)

This book covers the proceedings of a MRS symposium on atomic layer growth and processing. Topics include: mechanistic studies of atomic layer processes; characterization of atomic layer processes; semiconductor studies; and high Tc superconductors and other materials.
Factors Determining Satisfaction with Daily Life of Elderly A-bomb Survivors (1993)

Aeration of a two-electron reduced cytochrome c oxidase provides a species with two Raman bands at 804 and 356 cm(-1), identifying it as the second intermediate following the O2-bound species in the enzymatic O2 reduction process. It degrades directly to the fully oxidized form with a half-life time of 70 min at pH 8.0. The stability suggests an effective insulation for the active site in an extremely high oxidation state (Fe4+ with one oxidative equivalent nearby) against spontaneous electron leaks, which would dissipate proton motive force. The formation and degradation of the second intermediate are pH-dependent.
Self-consistent rate equations of self-assembly quantum wire lasers (2004)

We describe a detailed model for the dynamical and spectral properties of quantum dash (quantum wire assembly) lasers. We use a self-consistent semiclassical theory for a multimode laser field which interacts with an inhomogeneously broadened assembly of quantum wires via the quantum mechanical radiation-matter interaction. Our comprehensive coupled equations are spectrally resolved enabling to study accurately the effect of the gain inhomogeneity. Carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon scattering are also included. We highlight the effective capture rate which is determined by the ratio between the number of states in the reservoir and in the assembly, the energetic region into which carriers are captured and the width of the inhomogeneously broadened gain. Specifically, we demonstrate that a large number of states ratio lowers both the linear optical differential gain and the nonlinear gain coefficient. We show that gain suppression dominates when a realistic energy range into which capture takes place is considered as well as for small number of states ratios. In addition, we show that the width of the inhomogeneous broadening plays a relatively small role. We conclude that the differential gain and nonlinear damping can not be optimized simultaneously. These results point therefore to the clear advantages offered by laser structures which employ non conventional carrier injection schemes such as tunnelling barrier or n-type /spl delta/-doping regions.
Acquisition and interpretation of 3-D sensor data from touch (2003)

A description is given of the use of touch sensing as part of a larger system the authors are building for 3-D shape recovery and object recognition using touch and vision methods. The authors focus on three exploratory procedures (EPs) they have built to acquire and interpret sparse 3D touch data: grasping by containment, planar surface exploration, and surface contour exploration. Experimental results for each of these procedures are presented. The EPs can be used in a coarse-to-fine sensing strategy that tries to build shape descriptions at a number of levels. An important feature of this system is the multiple representations used in recovering and reasoning about shape.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In situ magnetic separation for extracellular protein production (2008)

A new approach for in situ product removal from bioreactors is presented in which high-gradient magnetic separation is used. This separation process was used for the adsorptive removal of proteases secreted by Bacillus licheniformis. Small, non-porous bacitracin linked magnetic adsorbents were employed directly in the broth during the fermentation, followed by in situ magnetic separation. Proof of the concept was first demonstrated in shake flask culture, then scaled up and applied during a fed batch cultivation in a 3.7 L bioreactor. It could be demonstrated that growth of B. licheniformis was not influenced by the in situ product removal step. Protease production also remained the same after the separation step. Furthermore, degradation of the protease, which followed first order kinetics, was reduced by using the method. Using a theoretical modeling approach, we could show that protease yield in total was enhanced by using in situ magnetic separation. The process described here is a promising technique to improve overall yield in bio production processes which are often limited due to weak downstream operations. Potential limitations encountered during a bioprocess can be overcome such as product inhibition or degradation. We also discuss the key points where research is needed to implement in situ magnetic separation in industrial production.
Laser Perforation: The Smart Completion (2019)

Abstract Perforation is the commonly used well completion technology to establishing communication between the wellbore and hydrocarbon-bearing formations, this is critical for optimal production. The proposed new well completion in perforation technology utilizes high power lasers energy. The technology attracted the oil and gas industry due to its unique properties such as it is a non-explosive based perforation technology with precise control over the perforated tunnel's shape, size, and geometry. The laser energy also creates permeability in the perforated tunnel. The successful research effort led to field deployment strategy in the next two years. he laser completion system consists of the laser source to generate the energy, which mounted on a coiled tubing unit on the surface, fiber optics cable to transmit the energy to the downhole target and to the laser perforation tool. The principle of the tool is based on combining optical and mechanical components, the alignment of the optics inside the tool provides the ability to control and generate different beam shapes and sizes, these create the several perforated shots in any direction. comparison made between the shaped charges perforation and the laser perforation, under the same conditions and same rock type. Pre and post-perforation measurements were conducted for comparisons. The tunnel that is perforated by the high power laser is clean with no compaction, deformation or melt, the result also shows the same in all rock types with improvement in the permeability along the perforated tunnels. Details analysis carried out using different methods such as imaging and thermal analysis. High-power lasers provide controllable heat source while penetrating the formation that enhances flow properties especially in tight formation, continues efforts over the past two decades proven that laser perforation can create large perforation tunnels with a large diameter. Laser perforation applied on all types for rocks including unconventional tight sands. The potential of the technology is that laser can be the next new smart perforation generation that will change current well perforation. The state-of-the-art high power lasers technology in downhole perforation provide an innovative and safe non-explosive technology. Precision in controlling the power, orientation, and the shape of the perforation beam are some of the properties of the technology that made it attractive for downhole applications.
Electrical properties of line defects in thin zone-recrystallized silicon films on silicon dioxide (1982)

The electrical influence of line defects which are present in thin zone-recrystallized silicon films prepared in a movable strip heater oven has been examined in terms of both bulk and surface majority-carrier transport. Large-angle boundaries which separate large (typically 2 mm×1 cm) single-crystalline grains induce significant bulk conductivity degradation and notable surface effects in transversely intersected field-effect transistors. The influence of the majority of line defects which are regularly superimposed over the large grains at approximate 25-μm intervals is relatively minor.
Hypoxia induces accumulation of p53 protein, but activation of a G1-phase checkpoint by low-oxygen conditions is independent of p53 status. (1994)

It has been convincingly demonstrated that genotoxic stresses cause the accumulation of the tumor suppressor gene p53. One important consequence of increased p53 protein levels in response to DNA damage is the activation of a G1-phase cell cycle checkpoint. It has also been shown that G1-phase cell cycle checkpoints are activated in response to other stresses, such as lack of oxygen. Here we show that hypoxia and heat, agents that induce cellular stress primarily by inhibiting oxygen-dependent metabolism and denaturing proteins, respectively, also cause an increase in p53 protein levels. The p53 protein induced by heat is localized in the cytoplasm and forms a complex with the heat shock protein hsc70. The increase in nuclear p53 protein levels and DNA-binding activity and the induction of reporter gene constructs containing p53 binding sites following hypoxia occur in cells that are wild type for p53 but not in cells that possess mutant p53. However, unlike ionizing radiation, the accumulation of cells in G1 phase by hypoxia is not strictly dependent on wild-type p53 function. In addition, cells expressing the human papillomavirus E6 gene, which show increased degradation of p53 by ubiquitination and fail to accumulate p53 in response to DNA-damaging agents, do increase their p53 levels following heat and hypoxia. These results suggest that hypoxia is an example of a "nongenotoxic" stress which induces p53 activity by a different pathway than DNA-damaging agents.
Second-harmonic generation of a continuous-wave diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser using an externally resonant cavity (1987)

We report 13% second-harmonic conversion efficiency of a 15-mW, cw, diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG oscillator. 2 mW of single-axial-mode 532-mm radiation was generated by externally resonant second-harmonic generation in a monolithic MgO:LiNbO(3) nonlinear crystal cavity. The measured finesse of 450 for the monolithic external cavity indicated that absorption and scatter losses in the doubler were less than 0.8%.
Towards Infrastructure-Aided Self-Organized Hybrid Platooning (2018)

Nowadays, the technical feasibility of autonomous driving is out of the question. This technology opens the door for several research topics (e.g., information exchange, security of information) in the IoT domain. One such application is platooning: coordinated driving of vehicles in convoys. Therefore, such platoons set up Internet-of-Vehicles. Although platooning has been mainly researched on highways, the idea of platooning in smart cities can have several benefits, such as efficient use of roads, time-saving through route optimization, and minimizing traffic in peak times. In this position paper, we present our vision of a traffic management approach for combining platooning on highways and urban areas. We explain the idea of platooning, how to manage it efficiently, and the differences between platooning on the freeway and in smart cities.
The effect of molybdenum on the magnetic properties of the Nd-Fe-Co-B system (1987)

Experiments have been carried out using the Nd-Fe-Co-B-Mo alloy to study the improvement of thermomagnetic properties. The samples containing Mo have a set of typical characteristics as follows: Hc=9100 Oe, Hcj=19 400 Oe, and Hk=12 000 Oe. The SEM have been determined, and a new Mo-rich phase was found. The results and SEM obtained are discussed in this paper.
Pipelining GF(P) Elliptic Curve Cryptography Computation (2006)

This paper proposes a new method to compute Elliptic Curve Cryptography in Galois Fields GF(p). The method incorporates pipelining to utilize the benefit of both parallel and serial methodology used before. It allows the exploitation of the inherited independency that exists in elliptic curve point addition and doubling operations. The results showed attraction because of its improvement over many parallel and serial techniques of elliptic curve crypto-computations.
A new and versatile fluorescence standard for quantum yield determination (2001)

It is demonstrated that a new bichromophoric compound, N2,N3-[bis(1-hexylheptyl)-benzo[ghi]perylene-2,3,8,9,11,12-hexacarboxylic-2,3:8,9:11,12-tris(dicarboximide)]-N1,N1′-(1,2-ethyl)-[N2′-(1-octylnonyl)-perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide)] (denoted by 1–2), provides a versatile reference molecule for measurements of fluorescence quantum yields. The compound consists of a donor (1) and an acceptor (2) part for the electronic energy. Absorption spectra of 1–2 form a nearly perfect superposition of the corresponding spectra for 1 and 2. In addition to a fluorescence quantum yield of one, 1–2 allows for choosing excitation wavelengths between 300 and 530 nm. The fluorescence lifetime of 1–2 is 4.0 ± 0.1 ns and is independent of the excitation wavelength. The fluorescence excitation anisotropy reveals that the S0 → S1 and S0 → S2 transition dipoles of 1 are preferentially polarised parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the C2-symmetry axis of 1. The rapid transfer of electronic energy is compatible with energy transfer of the Förster type.
The Chemistry of the Spiroaminoketal Side Chain of Solasodine and Tomatidine. I.<sup>1</sup> Improved Preparation of 3β-Acetoxy-5,16-pregnadien-20-one and 3β-Acetoxy-5α-pregn-16-en-20-one from Solasodine and Tomatidine. (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of the Spiroaminoketal Side Chain of Solasodine and Tomatidine. I.1 Improved Preparation of 3β-Acetoxy-5,16-pregnadien-20-one and 3β-Acetoxy-5α-pregn-16-en-20-one from Solasodine and Tomatidine.YOSHIO SATO, NOBUO IKEKAWA, and ERICH MOSETTIGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 5, 783–786Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01075a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01075a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts