gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of sidewall roughness of sub-micron silicon-on-insulator waveguides for low-loss on-chip links (2017)

We report the successful fabrication of low-loss sub-micrometric Silicon-On-Insulator strip waveguides for on-chips links. Several strategies including post-lithography treatment, and post-Silicon smoothening techniques such as thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing have been investigated to smoothen the waveguide sidewalls, as roughness is the major source of transmission losses. An extremely low silicon line edge roughness of 0.75nm is obtained with the optimized process flow combining resist mask Si patterning and hydrogen annealing at 850°C. As a result, record low optical losses of less than 0.5dB/cm are measured at 1310nm for waveguide dimensions superior to 500nm. They range from 2dB/cm to 0.8dB/cm for 300-400nm wide waveguides. Those results are to our knowledge the best ever published for a 1310nm wavelength.
A new temperature compensation technique for bandgap voltage references (2002)

A new technique for high-order temperature compensation of bandgap voltage references is introduced and described. This method relies on the use of a "/spl Delta/V/sub BE/ ladder" topology that allows the temperature coefficient of a bandgap reference to be adjusted to less than 5 ppm//spl deg/C without the need for complex circuitry. The technique has been verified experimentally and via PSpice simulation, and an improved version of the circuit is being implemented in a 2.0 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process.
Action of <i>Trichoderma Reesei</i> and <i>Aspergillus Oryzae</i> Esterases in the Deacetylation of Hemicelluloses (1998)

Xylans and mannans contain different esterified substituents such as acetyl, feruloyl and p ‐coumaroyl side groups. The functions of hemicellulose‐deacetylating esterases of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus oryzae are discussed in this paper. Both fungi produce multiple esterases and two different esterases were isolated from both T. reesei and A. oryzae . The enzymes differed significantly in their substrate specificities. Acetyl xylan esterase of T. reesei was highly active on polymeric xylan but was unable to remove acetyl substituents from glucomannan or phenolic substituents from wheat straw arabinoxylan. Another esterase, acetyl esterase from T. reesei , had activity only towards short oligomeric and monomeric acetates derived both from xylan and glucomannan. The acetyl glucomannan esterase of A. oryzae was most active towards polymeric glucomannan, but was also able to remove acetyl groups from xylan. The only esterase studied which was active against phenolic substituents in arabinoxylans was the feruloyl esterase from A. oryzae . Feruloyl esterase had the widest substrate specificity of the esterases studied. It was also able to act on acetyl groups both in xylan and in glucomannan. The simultaneous enzymic liberation of acetyl groups from xylan and glucomannan clearly enhanced the action of xylan‐ and mannan‐degrading enzymes, thus increasing the hydrolysis yield significantly. However, none of the esterases was able to remove all acetyl substituents when acting alone and simultaneous action of two esterases was needed for complete deacetylation.
Topics in the evolution of liquid crystal polymers (1993)

Abstract The relevance of scientific and technical research on liquid crystal polymers is examined and compared to the overall evolution of the general field of liquid crystals. It is shown that polymers have played a progressively increasing role during the last 25 years, and although they only became a quantitatively significant subject not much more than 10 years ago, their contribution to problems and materials now represents a considerable share. Three specific topics concerning rigid rod polymers, liquid crystalline networks and polymeric metallo-mesogens are examined and some related problems highlighted. In particular, some examples showing tractable thermotropic mesomorphic systems can be obtained with linear rigid homopolymers are examined; the phase behaviour of networks derived from segmented chain mesogenic polymers is discussed; inclusion of metallo-organic groups into polymeric mesogens is reviewed.
Novel anticancer function of inositol hexaphosphate: inhibition of human rhabdomyosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. (1998)

Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a naturally occurring polyphosphorylated carbohydrate that has been shown to suppress the growth of epithelial cancers, including those of breast and colon. The objective of this study was to investigate whether IP6 inhibits growth of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a tumor of mesenchymal origin, which is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. We performed both in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the effect of IP6 on human RD cells growth. Our results show that IP6 suppresses growth of rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD) in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. A 50% inhibition of cell growth (IC50) was induced by < 1.0 mM IP6. However, the removal of IP6 from the media, after 72 hours of treatment, allowed cells to recover their logarithmic growth. Exposure of RD cells to IP6 led to differentiation; cells became larger with abundant cytoplasm, expressing higher levels of muscle-specific actin. Consistent with in vitro observation, IP6 suppressed RD cell growth in vivo, in a xenografted nude mice model. When compared to controls, IP6-treated mice produced a 25 fold smaller tumors (p = 0.008), as observed after a two weeks treatment. In a second experiment, wherein the treatment period was extended to five weeks, a 49 fold (p = 0.001) reduction in tumor size was observed in mice treated with IP6. Histologically no evidence of tumor cell necrosis was observed. These data suggest a potential usefulness of this cytostatic, and non-cytotoxic, compound in novel therapeutic strategies for these types of tumor.
A High Affinity Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Tracer, Radioiodinated at Position 6, Facilitates Analysis of Mutant GnRH Receptors (1998)

Cloning of GnRH receptors from several animal species has made it possible to investigate receptor function using site-directed mutagenesis. However, many mutant GnRH receptors exhibit decreased ligand binding, which makes analysis of their ligand binding characteristics technically difficult. To increase the affinity of binding to the GnRH receptor, a novel tracer ligand, 125I-[His5,d-Tyr6]GnRH, was designed and synthesized to allow radioiodination at position 6 rather than the usual position 5. In competition binding assays, total binding of 125I-[His5,d-Tyr6]GnRH was higher than binding of a conventional tracer ligand, 125I-[d-Ala6,N-MeLeu7,Pro9NHEt]GnRH. The bindable fractions and specific activities of both peptides were similar, and the receptor binding affinities of the unlabeled peptides were indistinguishable. However, comparison of the radiolabeled peptides in saturation binding assays showed that the affinity of the peptide,125I-[His5,d-Tyr6]GnRH, (Kd, 0.19 nm), was approximately 2-fold higher than that of the conventional tracer. The increased binding of 125I-[His5,d-Tyr6]GnRH has allowed the development of a sensitive GnRH receptor binding assay for analysis of mutant GnRH receptors that exhibit decreased ligand binding.
HLA-derived peptides as novel immunosuppressives (1997)

Over the past decade the use of synthetic peptides corresponding to linear sequences of HLA molecules has progressed from a concept to a reality. These peptides are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In animal models these peptides, given over 1 week with cyclosporin alone, induced long-term immunological tolerance (Figure 3). They may similarly induce tolerance in humans. The next major hurdle for such tolerogenic drugs, however, is to prove efficacy in clinical circumstances. Many of the drugs used to treat transplant patients today (steroids, cyclosporin, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil) may actually inhibit the 'active' processes of induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance. Demonstration that new drugs induce tolerance will require efficacy studies in other immune-mediated diseases in which monotherapy is feasible (such as psoriasis), before further advances can be made in the induction of transplant tolerance. In addition, rapid assays of rejection must be developed in order to reverse tolerance induction failures without graft damage or loss. Lastly, it will require heroic physicians, surgeons, and patients to make immunological tolerance a reproducible clinical reality.
Instant Java Servlets (Book/CD-ROM Package) (2000)

From the Publisher:
The Ultimate Collection of Working Solutions and Expert Techniques for Java Developers and Programmers Build powerful server-side Java applications,servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) with this solution-packed cookbook of illustrated techniques. Filled with hundreds of working examples,this unique and easy to use resource covers topics from database access and dynamic web page creation to legacy systems and e-commerce. Key topics covered include servlet-generated HTML,cookies and session management,threading,JSP,Enterprise JavaBeans,XML,and more. And,the bonus CD-ROM contains all the books* source code,which will save you hundreds of hours of programming time. Instructive,innovative,and invaluable,this is a perfect addition to every working programmer's bookshelf. 

The Ultimate Collection of Working Solutions and Expert Techniques for Java Developers and Programmers! 
Build powerful server-side Java applications,servlets,and JavaServer Pages (JSP) with this solution-packed cookbook of illustrated techniques. Filled with hundreds of working examples,this unique resource covers topics from database access and dynamic web page creation to legacy systems and e-commerce. Beginning with an overview of the servlet environment and its programming interface this exceptional guide offers complete solutions to many of today's common programming problems. Organized by topic for ease-of-use,you'll find coverage of key topics including servlet-generated HTML,cookies and session management,threading,JSP,Enterprise JavaBeans,XML,and more. Topics include problems arranged in order of complexity,making this resource appropriate for readers of every level - from beginners to highlyadvanced programmers. And,the bonus CD-ROM contains all the books' source code,which will save you hundreds of hours of programming time. 
Instructive,innovative,and invaluable,this is a perfect addition to every working programmer's bookshelf. 
Includes coverage of:

JSP 1. 0Servlet BasicsHTML ClientsDebugging ServletsSession ManagementThreading IssuesInterservlet CommunicationPortable Applications


ON THE CD-ROM:

Source code for all solutionsFigure-to-program cross referenceApache Web Server Apache JServ Servlet Engine
How I Use Photodynamic Therapy with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in My Clinical Practice (2016)

Since the early 1990s, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has become a primary or adjunctive therapy for a variety of skin conditions. Advantages include its selectivity for abnormal tissue, efficacy over large anatomical fields, manageable side effects, and excellent cosmetic outcomes. Although FDA cleared only for the treatment of nonhypertrophic actinic keratosis (AK) of the face and scalp using a blue light source, PDT with ALA photosensitizing agent has been used off-label to treat acne, nonmelanoma skin cancers, photodamage, sebaceous skin, and other skin disorders. Pre- and posttreatment procedures are well documented, and light sources are readily available. Cosmetic benefits encourage patients to request other cosmetic treatments, thus improving practice revenue. This chapter provides an updated guide to implementing ALA-PDT into clinical practice.
Microorganisms of the Soil (1912)

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A Step Toward Identification of Surgical Actions in Mastoidectomy (2009)

Mastoidectomy is a core surgical procedure in otologic surgery. It is believed that the procedure is performed by different surgeons with some variability. However, it is also believed that all surgeons use a finite number of fundamental surgical actions to complete the procedure. To determine how a surgeon performs a mastoidectomy, we sought to identify the fundamental surgical actions [called action primitives (APs)] and determine the transition boundaries among those APs. Our motivation for this paper is both to delineate the APs necessary to complete a mastoidectomy and to optimize and potentially automate the surgical process. In this paper, we present a new approach to developing methods for parsing raw data (position and orientation of the surgical tool and end-effector force) into a sequence of surgical tasks. The overall objective is to deconstruct the surgical procedure into a series of APs. This paper presents results from our initial investigation on detecting transition boundaries and identifying APs involved in mastoidectomy.
Entwicklung von Siliciumcarbid‐Verbundwerkstoffen (1985)

Abstract Development of silicon carbide composites . This paper describes the production of fibre‐reinforced SiC composites applying the methods of chemical vapour impregnation (CVI), reaction bonding by liquid silicon impregnation (RB‐SiC), and impregnation with subsequent polymerisation and thermal decomposition of organosilicon compounds. The chemical and physical fundamentals of these processes are discussed. Composites of different fibre/matrix combinations are introduced; the most promising combinations can be selected from the experimental results presented.
Design of Ni Mold for Discrete Track Media (2008)

Nano imprint lithography (NIL) and NIL mold formation play a vital role in discrete track media (DTM) production. In this paper, we created a nickel (Ni) mold for DTM production using an R-theta electron beam mastering device to draw data groove and servo information on a silicon substrate master, and transferred the resulting pattern to a nickel mold via an electroplating process. The resulting Ni mold exhibits a 90-nm track pitch (282 kTPI equivalent), 30-nm line width, 60-nm groove width, 60-nm land height, and 7-nm line width roughness (LWR). Since variations in downtrack LWR and line edge roughness (LER) on the Ni mold are much smaller than variations in the size of HDD media magnetic clusters, we believe the Ni mold production method that is the subject of this study can be successfully applied to the production of DTM molds for next-generation HDD media.
Unified description of second-order phenomena in sound waves (1999)

The generation mechanism of acoustic streaming and radiation pressure are discussed along with the KZK equation, which explains successfully the propagation of finite-amplitude sound waves. The energy loss of a sound beam in a viscous fluid generates the driving force of streaming which induces mass flow in the beam. The radiation pressure acts on the surface of an object whose acoustic impedance is different from the fluid. The effect of flow generated around the object on the radiation pressure is greater when the object is smaller. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the unified relationships among waveform distortion, acoustic streaming, and radiation pressure. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 82(2): 76–82, 1999
Synthesis of Tertiary Amines Using a Polystyrene (REM) Resin (1997)

A range of tertiary amines was constructed using a “traceless” linker on a polystyrene resin (REM resin), starting from secondary amines, primary amines, and resin-bound “ammonia”. The methodology is characterized by three essential steps conducted under ambient conditions: (1) coupling of the starting amine (Michael addition) to the resin, (2) activation (quaternization), and (3) cleavage of the product amine (Hofmann elimination). The linker is compatible with both acid and base sensitive protecting group strategies. The nature of the chemistry ensures that the tertiary amine products are obtained in consistently high purity (95% or greater). After cleavage of the product, REM resin is regenerated and can be reused for repeat syntheses. The yield and purity of repeat batches is maintained over 5 cycles, allowing the automated synthesis of >0.5 g quantities of pure tertiary amine.
Identification of lipopolysaccharide‐binding peptide regions within HMGB1 and their effects on subclinical endotoxemia in a mouse model (2011)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers deleterious systemic inflammatory responses when released into the circulation. LPS-binding protein (LBP) in the serum plays an important role in modifying LPS toxicity by facilitating its interaction with LPS signaling receptors, which are expressed on the surface of LPS-responsive cells. We have previously demonstrated that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) can bind to and transfer LPS, consequently increasing LPS-induced TNF-α production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We report here on the identification of two LPS-binding domains within HMGB1. Furthermore, using 12 synthetic HMGB1 peptides, we define the LPS-binding regions within each domain. Among them, synthetic peptides HPep1 and HPep6, which are located in the A and B box domains of HMGB1, bind to the polysaccharide and lipid A moieties of LPS respectively. Both HPep1 and HPep6 peptides inhibited binding of LPS to LBP and HMGB1, LBP-mediated LPS transfer to CD14, and cellular uptake of LPS in RAW264.7 cells. These peptides also inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α release in human PBMCs and induced lower levels of TNF-α in the serum in a subclinical endotoxemia mouse model. These results indicate that HMGB1 has two LPS-binding peptide regions that can be utilized to design anti-sepsis or LPS-neutralizing therapeutics.
Drugs Five Years Later (1982)

Cimetidine therapy has proved to be effective in healing most duodenal ulcers and in reducing the frequency of reulceration. It is unclear if low-dose maintenance therapy is superior to intermittent full-dose therapy in managing patients whose ulcers recur. Cimetidine is the preferred treatment for patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and current evidence indicates efficacy in healing benign gastric ulcers. Some patients with reflux esophagitis improve with cimetidine treatment, but the drug cannot be regarded as first-time therapy. Largely circumstantial evidence suggests a role in preventing bleeding from acute gastric erosions and in preventing the acid aspiration syndrome. Cimetidine therapy has not been found to be useful in controlling acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, acute pancreatitis, or several other conditions for which H2 blockade has been advocated.
Calcium and Magnesium in Drinking Water and Risk of Death From Cerebrovascular Disease (1998)

The results of the present study show that there is a significant protective effect of magnesium intake from drinking water on the risk of cerebrovascular disease. This is an important finding for the Taiwan water industry and human health.
A practical approach to surface multiple attenuation (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998A practical approach to surface multiple attenuationAuthors: Bill DragosetBill DragosetWestern Geophysicalhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820117 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820117FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byHigh-Efficiency Prediction of Surface-Related Multiples by Inverse Scattering Series in the Curvelet Domain13 May 2022 | Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 179, No. 6-7 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Bill Dragoset, (1998), "A practical approach to surface multiple attenuation," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1230-1233. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820117 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Using evolutionary algorithms for the unit testing of object-oriented software (2005)

As the paradigm of object orientation becomes more and more important for modern IT development projects, the demand for an automated test case generation to dynamically test object-oriented software increases. While search-based test case generation strategies, such as evolutionary testing, are well researched for procedural software, relatively little research has been done in the area of evolutionary object-oriented software testing.This paper presents an approach with which to apply evolutionary algorithms for the automatic generation of test cases for the white-box testing of object-oriented software. Test cases for testing object-oriented software include test programs which create and manipulate objects in order to achieve a certain test goal. Strategies for the encoding of test cases to evolvable data structures as well as ideas about how the objective functions could allow for a sophisticated evaluation are proposed. It is expected that the ideas herein can be adapted for other unit testing methods as well.The approach has been implemented by a prototype for empirical validation. In experiments with this prototype, evolutionary testing outperformed random testing. Evolutionary algorithms could be successfully applied for the white-box testing of object-oriented software.
Emergence of Uranium as a Distinct Metal Center for Building Intrinsic X‐ray Scintillators (2018)

The combination of high atomic number and high oxidation state in U<sup>VI</sup> materials gives rise to both high X-ray attenuation efficiency and intense green luminescence originating from ligand-to-metal charge transfer. These two features suggest that U<sup>VI</sup> materials might act as superior X-ray scintillators, but this postulate has remained substantially untested. Now the first observation of intense X-ray scintillation in a uranyl-organic framework (SCU-9) that is observable by the naked eye is reported. Combining the advantage in minimizing the non-radiative relaxation during the X-ray excitation process over those of inorganic salts of uranium, SCU-9 exhibits a very efficient X-ray to green light luminescence conversion. The luminescence intensity shows an essentially linear correlation with the received X-ray intensity, and is comparable with that of commercially available CsI:Tl. SCU-9 possesses an improved X-ray attenuation efficiency (E>20 keV) as well as enhanced radiation resistance and decreased hygroscopy compared to CsI:Tl.
Generic on-line discovery of quantitative models for service level management (2003)

Quantitative models are needed for a variety of management tasks, including (a) identification of critical variables to use for health monitoring, (b) anticipating service level violations by using predictive models, and (c) on-going optimization of configurations. Unfortunately, constructing quantitative models requires specialized skills that are in short supply. Even worse, rapid changes in provider configurations and the evolution of business demands mean that quantitative models must be updated on an on-going basis. This paper describes an architecture and algorithms for on-line discovery of quantitative models without prior knowledge of the managed elements. The architecture makes use of an element schema that describes managed elements using the common information model (CIM). Algorithms are presented for selecting a subset of the element metrics to use as explanatory variables in a quantitative model and for constructing the quantitative model itself. We further describe a prototype system based on this architecture that incorporates these algorithms. We apply the prototype to on-line estimation of response times for DB2 Universal Database under a TPC-W workload. Of the approximately 500 metrics available from the DB2 performance monitor, our system chooses 3 to construct a model that explains 72% of the variability of response time.