gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Neutrophils on Shock/Resuscitation-Mediated Intestinal Arteriolar Derangements (2004)

Adequate resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock that preserves hemodynamics is associated with a generalized and progressive intestinal arteriolar vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion coupled with impairment of the endothelium-dependent dilation response. This study was performed to investigate the role of neutrophils on the postresuscitation intestinal arteriolar derangements. Experiments were performed in anesthetized rats 24 h after neutrophil depletion. Neutropenia was induced with antineutrophil serum by tail vein injection. Rats injected with rabbit serum lacking anti-rat neutrophil antibody served as controls. Hemorrhagic shock was 50% of mean arterial pressure for 60 min. Resuscitation was with the shed blood returned plus 2 volumes of saline. A nonhemorrhage group served as control. Intravital videomicroscopy of the terminal ileum was used to measure microvascular diameter and centerline red cell velocity. Endothelial function was assessed from the response to the endothelium-dependent dilator acetylcholine (10(-9) to 10(-4) M). Regardless of neutrophil count, hemorrhagic shock caused selective vasoconstriction of inflow A1 arterioles (-21.49 +/- 0.67%) from baseline, which was not seen in the premucosal A3 vessels (pA3, dA3). At 2 h postresuscitation, there was a generalized vasoconstriction from baseline diameter in A1 (-21.26 +/- 2.29%), pA3 (-22.66 +/- 5.02%), and dA3 (-17.62 +/- 4.84%). Neutrophil depletion caused a significant reset of baseline A1 blood flow from 701 +/- 90 nL/s to 978 +/- 90 nL/s and attenuated the postresuscitation hypoperfusion. This occurred independently of the A1 diameter change. Hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation caused impairment of the endothelium-dependent dilation response irrespective of neutrophil count. This study demonstrates that neutrophils do not contribute to the hemorrhagic/resuscitation-mediated intestinal arteriolar derangements, but appear to possess a role in the intestinal arteriolar blood flow regulation under normal and low flow states possibly via a rheologic effect.
The Effect of Conditioning on Adhesion to Human Dentin (1994)

Abstract The effect of conditioning dentin was investigated using ethyleneglycol bis(aminoethylether) tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and three proprietary agents containing ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), maleic acid and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate phsophoric acid ester (PENTA). Ground dentin was treated with EGTA or one of the three proprietary agents. After adhering composite resin to treated surfaces, the shear bond strength (SBS) was determined with and without thermal stress. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies were used to assess morphological effects of each of the agents, while low resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to evaluate elemental changes due to treatment. Mean bond strength was greatest for the PENTA-conditioned surfaces. EDTA and maleic acid demineralized the dentin surface while the agent containing PENTA produced an adherent surface film. The XPS survey showed a reduction in Ca and an increase in N for agents containing EGTA, EDTA and maleic acid, while a simultaneous reduction in both these species was observed for PENTA. EGTA did not improve adhesion for systems which were based on smear layer removal and substrate demineralization. For the PENTA-based system, which relied on the development of a molecular overlayer, EGTA degraded bond strength.
Borates: handbook of deposits, processing, properties, and use (1999)

Borate Minerals and the Origin of Borate Deposits. Borax and Sassolite Deposits. Calcium, Magnesium, or Silicate Buried Deposits. Calcium or Magnesium Surface (Playa or Mantle) Deposits. Lake or Brine Deposits. Marine Borate Occurrences Isotopic Distribution. Mining. Processing. Uses of Borates. Borate Industry Statistics. Phase Data and Physical Properties of Borates. Subject Index.
P171 AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS AFTER PROCTOCOLECTOMY IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS (2018)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), along with other immune-mediated disorders are considered as idiopathic disease entities with no clearly identified etiology. However, they can be triggered by medications, immunotherapy and manipulation of gut microbiome. Other triggers like proctocolectomy have not been well described. A 29-year-old male with a history of ulcerative colitis (UC) had medically refractory disease to corticosteroids and infliximab, and underwent proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Subsequently, he developed chronic persistent diarrhea and was diagnosed with celiac disease based on endoscopically obtained small bowel and celiac serology. HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genotypes however, were negative. He was found to have elevated liver aminotransferases, positive anti-neutrophilic antibody and fatty infiltration on liver biopsy suggesting autoimmune hepatitis. After colectomy he developed multiple autoimmune conditions (Table 1). Some of them included; Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, type-1 diabetes and immune-mediated autonomic ganglionopathy. Subsequently he developed bilateral pulmonary embolism and was diagnosed with anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. He also had an episode of bowel obstruction due to adhesions. He had chronic pouchitis and enteritis, suggesting autoimmune pouchitis which was unresponsive to multiple antibiotics. He was partially responsive to vedolizumab and then placed on total parenteral nutrition with resolution of diarrhea. Several genetic markers have been studied among individuals suffering from IBD and some of these genetic loci are shared with other autoimmune conditions. We theorize that UC is just one part of a wide spectrum of autoimmunogenic complex of IBD. If the diseased organ is removed, then the disease morphs into a new phenotypic expression in the form of acquired autoimmune conditions.
Maximum-likelihood block-size detection for MPSK signaling (2002)

In some communications systems, it is required to estimate the size of the received frame or block blindly; that is, using only the received frame. An example where such a problem arises is third-generation wideband code division multiple access universal mobile terrestrial systems (WCDMA UMTS), where it is sometimes required to perform a blind transport format detection. We propose and evaluate a novel method for block-size detection for M-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK) signaling based on the maximum-likelihood principle. Either the method we propose can be used to estimate the block size directly when the operating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) yields a satisfactory "one-shot" detection error probability or it can be used as a good "coarse" estimate of the block size. In the latter, a good initial guess of only few potential block-size candidates is obtained instead of scanning all possible candidates and then a more accurate detection technique, however more complex, is used to narrow down the number of potential candidates to only one successful candidate.
Catalysis with Platinum-Group Alkylamido Complexes. The Active Palladium Amide in Catalytic Aryl Halide Aminations As Deduced from Kinetic Data and Independent Generation (1996)

Mechanistic studies of the palladium-catalyzed coupling between aryl bromides and tin amides were conducted as a means to evaluate the pathway of this reaction as well as the general potential of low valent amido complexes to be reactive intermediates in catalysis. The specific systems involved reactions between Bu3SnNMe2 and aryl halides catalyzed by {Pd[P(o-Tol)3]2} (1), {Pd[P(o-Tol)3](p-MeC6H4)(Br)}2 (2a), and {Pd[P(o-Tol)3](NHMe2)(p-MeC6H4)(Br)} (3a). A combination of kinetic studies and independent synthesis of reaction intermediates indicated that the three-coordinate platinum-group amido complex {Pd[P(o-Tol)3](Ar)(NMe2)} was an intermediate in these reactions. Thus, these aryl halide aminations are rare examples of catalysis with a platinum-group amido complex. Kinetic data were obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the rate behavior was determined to be zero order in added phosphine, zero order in aryl halide, and first order in tin amide under conditions of equal or greater concentrations of aryl bromide compared to tin amide. Reactions catalyzed by 3a were first order in the palladium complex. Reaction rates were inhibited by added tin bromide, but not by the arylamine product. The inhibition by tin bromide showed that reversible transmetalation between an aryl halide complex and the tin reagent was occurring. Subsequent to reversible transmetalation, a rate-determining reductive elimination of arylamine occurred. Under conditions with a 10-fold excess of tin amide and high phosphine concentrations, the rate-determining-step became oxidative addition of aryl bromide, and reactions became first order, rather than zero order, in aryl bromide. The amido intermediate deduced from kinetic studies appeared to be generated by reacting {Pd[P(o-Tol)3](p-BuC6H4)(Br}2 (2b) with lithium arylamides or by deprotonating {Pd[P(o-Tol)3](NHEt2)(p-BuC6H4)(Br)} (3b) with MN(SiMe3)2 (M = K, Li). Both reactions gave yields of arylamine that were comparable to those of catalytic reactions. Competition and relative rate studies revealed an equilibrium between aryl halide complexes 2a−c and a tin amide adduct of it. In competition studies involving an in situ selectivity for reaction of Bu3SnNMe2 or Bu3SnNEt2 with p-t-BuC6H4Br catalyzed by 1, the ratio of N,N-dimethylaniline to N,N-diethylaniline was 2.9. However, kinetic measurements of individual reactions showed that Bu3SnNMe2 reacted only 1.4 times faster than Bu3SnNEt2, consistent with a reversible equilibrium involving tin amide binding to the catalyst, similar to that resulting from substrate binding preëquilibria in enzyme systems.
Improved Photovoltaic Effects of a Vertical-Type InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Well Solar Cell (2011)

We investigated the photovoltaic performance of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) solar cells by comparing vertical-type and conventional lateral-type solar cells. We found that both bottom reflector and front surface texturing of vertical-type InGaN/GaN MQW solar cells enhanced light absorption by 45%, leading to an enhancement of the short circuit current density ( J SC ) by 1.6 times, compared to that of a lateral-type structure. For the vertical-type InGaN/GaN solar cell, Ag was used for bottom reflectors and pyramid textured surfaces were formed by KOH etching after a lift-off process, whereas lateral-type structures were fabricated on sapphire substrates having smooth surfaces. As a result, the vertical InGaN/GaN MQW solar cells showed a high fill factor of 80.0% and conversion efficiency of 2.3%; in contrast, the conventional lateral structure produced a fill factor of 77.6% and a conversion efficiency of 1.4%.
The prosodizer - automatic prosodic annotations of speech synthesis databases (2006)

Prosodic annotations are used for locating and characterizing prominent parts in utterances as well as identifying and describing boundaries of coherent stretches of speech. In speech synthesis prosodic annotations can be used to improve the unit selection process and subsequently yield more natural sounding synthesis. A method for automatic prosodic annotations of speech is described in this paper. This method is implemented in a computer program called Prosodizer that integrates acoustic features of F0 and RMS as well as syntactic and segmental information like POS tags and syllable boundaries. Design and preliminary performance results are described.
Drier for field use in the determination of trace atmospheric gases (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDrier for field use in the determination of trace atmospheric gasesB. E. Foulger and P. G. SimmondsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 7, 1089–1090Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50043a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50043a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Allocator implementations for network-on-chip routers (2009)

The present contribution explores the design space for virtual channel (VC) and switch allocators in network-on-chip (NoC) routers. Based on detailed RTL-level implementations, we evaluate representative allocator architectures in terms of matching quality, delay, area and power and investigate the sensitivity of these properties to key network parameters. We introduce a scheme for sparse VC allocation that limits transitions between groups of VCs based on the function they perform, and reduces the VC allocator's delay, area and power by up to 41%, 90% and 83%, respectively. Furthermore, we propose a pessimistic mechanism for speculative switch allocation that reduces switch allocator delay by up to 23% compared to a conventional implementation without increasing the router's zero-load latency. Finally, we quantify the effects of the various design choices discussed in the paper on overall network performance by presenting simulation results for two exemplary 64-node NoC topologies.
The verification of data in historical demography (1968)

Abstract In all scientific studies care must be taken to work on data which are correct and hence to make sure of the quality of the observations. In the field of historical demography there is need for extra care. The data were collected a long time ago in circumstances which were sometimes good, sometimes bad, but often little known. Statisticians are, moreover, on a priori grounds, rather inclined to be more suspicious of observations made in the past than of those which are made currently. Results relating to past populations must therefore be more rigorously established than any others if they are to be accepted. The verification of the data thus forms an integral part of the work of the historical demographer.
Thermal characteristics of sapphire contact probe delivery systems for laser angioplasty (1990)

Contact probes made from synthetic sapphire crystal, designed for general laser surgery, are currently being evaluated for use in laser angioplasty. Their mode of action and safety in the context of arterial recanalisation is unknown, particularly with respect to the degree of probe and catheter heating. Infrared thermal imaging was used to investigate the surface temperature rise of various rounded sapphire probes during emission of continuous wave Nd-YAG (1,064 nm) laser energy. Catheter safety was addressed by analyzing the temperature of the metal interface between the optical fiber and sapphire, as well as the catheter proximal to this junction. Transmission of Nd-YAG energy through each probe was also measured. Five rounded probes of 1.8-3.0 mm diameter (three supplied by Surgical Laser Technologies [SLT], two by Living Technology [LT]), along with their respective optical catheters, were compared. There was a large temperature gradient between the front and rim of the probes. The maximum surface temperature rise of the sapphire (at 20 W, 5-second exposure) was 314-339 degrees C (SLT) and 90-108 degrees C (LT) [P less than 0.001, 3-way ANOVA]. The reason for this difference may be related to "crazing" of the front surface of the SLT sapphires. At all energy levels sapphire temperatures were considerably lower than attained by metal laser thermal angioplasty probes. Forward transmission was slightly higher in the SLT probes (75-85%) than the LT sapphires (54-69%). With fiber perfusion at 2 ml/minute, a minor degree of heating of the metal sapphire holders was recorded (maximum rise 35 degrees C), but heating of the catheter proximal to this was negligible. Therefore, it would appear that the risk of tip detachment or arterial injury due to heating of the connecting metal interface is extremely low. Without perfusion, however, there was a greater degree of interface heating in the LT delivery system suggestive of more laser backscattering by these sapphires compared with the SLT probes [P less than 0.001, one-way ANOVA]. The SLT system is, therefore, potentially safer in this respect. These results suggest that some degree of surface heating of contact probes due to energy absorption within the sapphire does occur, but is localised to the front of the probe. This effect may contribute to the process of arterial recanalisation with this device. However, variation in the thermal and optical properties of sapphires from different sources has been demonstrated. The influence of these properties on plaque ablation, and ultimately the clinical performance of different contact probe systems, requires further investigation.
Imaging early stage osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (2013)

Stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), contribute to bone fracture repair if they are delivered to the injury site. However, it is difficult to assess the retention and differentiation of these cells after implantation. Current options for non-invasively tracking the transplanted stem cells are limited. Cell-based therapies using MSCs would benefit greatly through the use of an imaging methodology that allows cells to be tracked in vivo and in a timely fashion. In this study, we implemented an in vivo imaging methodology to specifically track early events such as differentiation of implanted human MSCs (hMSCs). This system uses the collagen type 1 (Col1α1) promoter to drive expression of firefly luciferase (luc) in addition to a constitutively active promoter to drive the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The resulting dual-promoter reporter gene system provides the opportunity for osteogenic differentiation-specific luc expression for in vivo imaging and constitutive expression of GFP for cell sorting. The function of this dual-promoter reporter gene was validated both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the ability of this dual-promoter reporter system to image an early event of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was demonstrated in a murine segmental bone defect model in which reporter-labeled hMSCs were seeded into an alginate hydrogel scaffold and implanted directly into the defect. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed to visualize the turn-on of Col1α1 upon osteogenic differentiation and followed by X-ray imaging to assess the healing process for correlation with histological analyses.
Influence of Missing Values on the Prediction of a Stationary Time Series (2005)

Abstract. The influence of missing observations on the linear prediction of a stationary time series is investigated. Simple bounds for the prediction error variance and asymptotic behaviours for short and long‐memory processes respectively are presented.
A high performance graphics algorithm (1994)

Rendering images of complex collections of general objects in multidimensional space is typically very time consuming. The process of displaying such images is often a linear function of the number objects being considered. This behavior can become unacceptable when the number of objects to be considered is large. This paper describes an algorithm to address this problem. The graphics algorithm presented here is composed of a storage algorithm and a selection algorithm. Both of these components are described in relation to a specialized tree data structure. The storage algorithm is proven to exhibit O(n log n) average time behavior and the selection algorithm is proven to exhibit O(log n) average time behavior. This paper focuses on two dimensional images but natural extensions of the basic algorithms to higher dimensional spaces are also considered.
Apparent Solubility of Hydroxyapatite in Aqueous Medium and Its Influence on the Morphology of Nanocrystallites with Precipitation Temperature (2006)

Two differing wet-chemical synthesis routes, Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4 and CaCl2 + Na3PO4/NaOH, were used to prepare hydroxyapatite (HA) at various temperatures ranging from 30 to 95 degrees C. The electrical conductivity of the solution was measured at regular intervals of time during H3PO4 and Na3PO4 addition to the suspension/solution containing Ca2+ ions. The rate of change of conductivity is used to note the end point of the reaction. X-ray diffraction of the dried, precipitated particles revealed HA as the predominant phase, and the FTIR spectroscopy studies indicated the presence of CO3(2-) groups which substituted PO4(3-) groups in the HA lattice (B-type). FESEM observations revealed that the aspect ratio of the particles decreased with increasing precipitation reaction temperature in one system [Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4] and in the other system it increased with increasing temperature. The changes in the morphology with temperature were analyzed through conductivity measurements and the thermochemical properties of the reaction systems. Conductivity measurements showed that the concentration of dissolved ions at the end point of the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4 increased, indicating an increased apparent solubility of HA with increasing temperature, whereas the end-point conductivity did not increase noticeably in the other reaction system.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL STUDIES ON TUBERACTINOMYCIN. XI. SEMISYNTHESES OF TUBERACTINOMYCIN ANALOGS WITH VARIOUS AMINO ACIDS IN THE BRANCHED PART (1977)

Abstract Tuberactinamin N (Ib), das durch Säurebehandlung aus natürlichem Tuberactinomycin N (Ia) erhältlich ist, wird mit zahlreichen Aminosäuren (A1 ‐A") nach der Methode der aktiven Ester (Verwendung üblicher Schutzgruppen) unter Bildung entsprechender Titelverbindungen (Ic) kondensiert.