gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow-through electrochemical cell with open liquid junction (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlow-through electrochemical cell with open liquid junctionW. J. Blaedel and Z. YimCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 12, 1722–1724Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50034a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50034a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of glucosamine by hydrolysis of chitosan with commercial α-amylase and glucoamylase (2011)

The method developed in this study is a promising option in the preparation of glucosamine.
Long-Wavelength Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers on InP With Lattice Matched AlGaInAs–InP DBR Grown by MOCVD (2005)

1.3- and 1.55- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$mu$</tex> m vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) on InP have been realized. High-reflectivity AlGaInAs–InP lattice matched distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) were grown on InP substrates. 1.7 (for 1.3 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$mu$</tex> m) and 2.0 (for 1.55 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$mu$</tex> m) mW single mode power at 25 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$^circ$</tex> C, 0.6 mW single mode power at 85 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$^circ$</tex> C and lasing operation at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$≫hbox100^circ$</tex> C have been achieved. 10 Gbit/s error free transmissions through 10 km standard single mode fiber for 1.3- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$mu$</tex> m VCSELs, and through 15 km nonzero dispersion shift fiber for 1.55- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$mu$</tex> m VCSELs, have been demonstrated. With the addition of an SOA, 100 km error free transmission at 10 Gbit/s also has been demonstrated through a negative dispersion fiber. No degradation has been observed after over 2500-h aging test.
Synthese von Morphinanen. (2. Mitteilung) (1950)

Abstract Cyclohexen‐(1)‐yl‐äthylamin wird aus Cyclohexenyl‐acetonitril oder Cyclohexenyl‐acetamid gewonnen. Es dient als Ausgangsprodukt zur Herstellung von 1‐Benzyl‐, 1‐(p‐Methoxybenzyl)‐, 1‐(3′,4′‐Dimethoxybenzyl)‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydro‐isochinolin.
A hybrid approach of wavelet packet and directional decomposition for image compression (2003)

In this paper, a novel image compression technique, the combination of wavelet packet transform and directional decomposition, is proposed. Wavelet packet transform is an increasingly remarkable approach which outperforms the standard wavelet transform in image coding. It can be employed to exploit the image redundancy efficiently and therefore obtain a high compression ratio. Directional filtering coding technique, as one of the "second generation image coding techniques", first introduced the concept of directional decomposition. By placing emphasis on edge detection to preserve edge information to exploit the fact that the human visual system is more sensitive to image edge features, it is generally capable to obtain a relatively high compression ratio. The approach proposed in this paper decomposed an image into a low frequency component and a number of high frequency components, with the edges on each high frequency component at its own directions. By a combination process of Cartesian coordinate rotation transform, interpolation, wavelet packet transform, and a coding algorithm, the image is reconstructed at an improved visual quality at the same bitrate compared to the common wavelet pyramid algorithm.
What Do NICU Fellows Identify as Important for Achieving Competency in Neonatal Intubation? (2019)

The themes identified by neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) fellows as being the most beneficial in achieving proficiency in neonatal TI are categorized as "The 5 Ps." Careful review of these themes may be utilized to develop validated curriculums that enhance the teaching of TI and optimize the achievement of TI competency among NPM fellows.
An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Protein Kinase D Activity Using Phosphorylation Site-Specific Antibodies (2007)

The protein kinase D (PKD) family is a novel group of kinases that are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and several other physiological processes. Hence, these enzymes are attractive targets for pharmacological intervention, but no specific PKD inhibitors are known. With this in mind, we have developed a high-throughput, non-radioactive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to monitor the PKD activity with myelin basic protein (MBP) as substrate. We determined that MBP is phosphorylated by PKD on Ser-160 and that this phosphorylation can be quantified in ELISAs, by the use of phosphorylation site-specific antibodies. Antibodies were developed that are highly specific for the MBP peptide sequence surrounding the phosphorylated Ser-160. We show that our high-throughput kinase assay is useful not only for determining the cellular PKD activity but also to screen for PKD-inhibitory compounds. Our ELISA has advantages over the current radioisotope kinase assay in terms of simplicity and environmental safety.
[Clinical and pharmacologic aspects of various betamethasone crystalline suspensions]. (1977)

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) reduces the mass and volume of the waste by about 70% and 90%, respectively. Next to boiler and fly ash, solid MSWI Bottom Ash (BA) makes up for 80% of the remaining material and contains unburned matter, glass, ceramics, metals, and minerals. At present BA is used in low-grade applications (such as road base) or landfilled. In order to make a higher-end application possible, correlations between physical properties, size fractions, and mineralogical composition have been studied. Within the various BA fractions, the different material components possess inherent properties affecting their suitability as concrete constituent; convenient material assessment procedures are therefore required to assess treatment processes and to guarantee the quality and applicability of the produced material.
Protection with Antibody to Tumor Necrosis Factor Differs with Similarly Lethal Escherichia coli  versus Staphylococcus aureus  Pneumonia in Rats (2003)

Antibody to TNF improved host defense and survival rates with both lethal E. coli and S. aureus pneumonia, but protection was greater with E. coli, where TNF concentrations were higher than with S. aureus. The efficacy of antiinflammatory agents in sepsis may be altered by bacteria type.
In-Flight CCD Distortion Calibration for Pushbroom Satellites Based on Subpixel Correlation (2008)

We describe a method that allows for accurate inflight calibration of the interior orientation of any pushbroom camera and that in particular solves the problem of modeling the distortions induced by charge coupled device (CCD) misalignments. The distortion induced on the ground by each CCD is measured using subpixel correlation between the orthorectified image to be calibrated and an orthorectified reference image that is assumed distortion free. Distortions are modeled as camera defects, which are assumed constant over time. Our results show that in-flight interior orientation calibration reduces internal camera biases by one order of magnitude. In particular, we fully characterize and model the Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 4-HRV1 sensor, and we conjecture that distortions mostly result from the mechanical strain produced when the satellite was launched rather than from effects of on-orbit thermal variations or aging. The derived calibration models have been integrated to the software package Coregistration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr), freely available from the Caltech Tectonics Observatory website. Such calibration models are particularly useful in reducing biases in digital elevation models (DEMs) generated from stereo matching and in improving the accuracy of change detection algorithms.
Genetic control of abscisic acid biosynthesis in maize (1997)

Abscisic acid (ABA), an apocarotenoid synthesized from cleavage of carotenoids, regulates seed maturation and stress responses in plants. The viviparous seed mutants of maize identify genes involved in synthesis and perception of ABA. Two alleles of a new mutant, viviparous14 (vp14), were identified by transposon mutagenesis. Mutant embryos had normal sensitivity to ABA, and detached leaves of mutant seedlings showed markedly higher rates of water loss than those of wild type. The ABA content of developing mutant embryos was 70% lower than that of wild type, indicating a defect in ABA biosynthesis. vp14 embryos were not deficient in epoxy-carotenoids, and extracts of vp14 embryos efficiently converted the carotenoid cleavage product, xanthoxin, to ABA, suggesting a lesion in the cleavage reaction. vp14 was cloned by transposon tagging. The VP14 protein sequence is similar to bacterial lignostilbene dioxygenases (LSD). LSD catalyzes a double-bond cleavage reaction that is closely analogous to the carotenoid cleavage reaction of ABA biosynthesis. Southern blots indicated a family of four to six related genes in maize. The Vp14 mRNA is expressed in embryos and roots and is strongly induced in leaves by water stress. A family of Vp14-related genes evidently controls the first committed step of ABA biosynthesis. These genes are likely to play a key role in the developmental and environmental control of ABA synthesis in plants.
Application of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Methods in Biochemistry and Biomedicine (2013)

With the explosively increasing high-throughput omics data, it is highly desired to develop effective computational methods and tools that can mine useful information to support the development of biochemistry, biomedicine, and drug design. Furthermore, in order to understand the protein-protein, protein-D/RNA, and other complex interactions, systems biology approaches are applied.
Benign Myoepithelioma of the Lung (2001)

This report describes a benign myoepithelioma of the lung that occurred in a 60-year-old woman. The patient had experienced hoarseness for 6 weeks, and a computed tomographic scan showed a nodule of approximately 2 cm in diameter at the peripheral portion of her right upper lung. Positron emission tomography showed no uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose in the nodule. Wedge biopsy of the lesion showed benign spindle cells arranged in a whorled pattern. The cells were positive for both cytokeratin and smooth muscle actin, which corresponded to the presence of tonofilaments and myofilaments that were identified ultrastructurally. The features of the present case of benign myoepithelioma that differ from features of previously reported benign and malignant cases of myoepithelioma in the lung are discussed in the report.
A method for recognizing character strings from maps using linguistic knowledge (2002)

It is difficult to recognize character strings from maps, which involve various figures. The authors describe a method for recognizing character strings from these topographical maps. The method consists of a bottom-up process and a top-down process. First, in the bottom-up process, character candidates are extracted from a map. Second, in the top-down process, these character candidates are grouped into strings using linguistic knowledge of strings. Through the top-down process, character strings are recognized correctly and efficiently from low precise character candidates extracted through the bottom-up process. The method was applied to 13 maps (512/spl times/512 pixels) involving 98 strings. As a result, 95% of 98 strings were extracted correctly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Minimising peak-to-average power ratio of multitonesignalsusing steepest descent method (1995)

The authors have discovered a novel phasing scheme which achieves far lower peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs) for multitone signals than existing methods. The new scheme is based on minimising the fluctuation in the average power level in the instantaneous envelope power of multitone signals. For over 11-tone signals, the obtained PAPR is <1.4 dB. This is over 1.2 dB better than any value yet reported.
Cloning and sequencing of a rabbit cDNA encoding an intestinal and kidney-specific Na+/H+ exchanger isoform (NHE-3). (1992)

We previously cloned, sequenced, and expressed two distinct mammalian Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms (NHE-1 and NHE-2). We report here the cloning of a composite cDNA which encodes a third mammalian isoform (NHE-3), which is expressed specifically in intestine and kidney. The protein deduced from the longest open reading frame of this composite sequence has 832 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 92,747. The hydrophobicity plot of NHE-3 is very similar to that of NHE-1 and NHE-2. NHE-3 is also predicted to have 10-12 membrane-spanning domains and a long cytoplasmic domain which contains putative protein kinase phosphorylation motifs. NHE-3 exhibits overall 41% amino acid identity with NHE-1. NHE-3 is likely a glycoprotein as it has one potential N-linked glycosylation site, which is conserved in all NHEs identified. Northern blot analysis of poly(A+) RNA isolated from rabbit ileum using NHE-3 cDNA as a probe hybridized to a single 5.4-kilobase transcript. More detailed tissue distribution of message was performed by ribonuclease protection assay. It was found that NHE-3 message is only expressed in intestine and kidney, with the kidney cortex having the most abundant message, followed by intestine and kidney medulla. In intestine, ileum and ascending colon have the same amount of message, with much lesser amounts in jejunum. The message is absent from duodenum and descending colon, which lack the neutral NaCl absorptive process. Thus, NHE-3 might be involved in Na+ absorption in intestinal and renal epithelial cells.
A stereoscopic OpenGL-based interactive plug-in framework for Maya and beyond (2009)

In many 3D modeling and visualization tools, it is generally difficult to create well-composed stereoscopic animation because stereo previews cannot be seen in real-time. Unable to work interactively in stereo, modelers and animators must work with flat previews and subsequently perform software renders and compositing to preview the stereoscopic effect. We propose an interactive plug-in-based framework and a case-study user interface that uses it for the Maya 3D animation software to remedy this problem. Our work is OpenGL-based and open-source and we have designed it for extension to tools other than Maya. We present the first working iteration of the real-time stereoscopic multi-view visualization interface and its challenges. Despite starting Maya 2009 includes built-in stereoscopic support, our plug-in works for Maya 2008 and Maya 8 that did not support it natively as well as our plug-in does not require the use of the graphics cards that support stereo buffers. Due to being based on OpenGL -- an open standard and open-source, and the generality of the architecture, the framework can be included in any OpenGL application that wishes to do stereoscopy as either a plug-in or a library. It can also serve for educational purposes.
The extraction of the enzyme degrading the limonin precursor in citrus albedo (1978)

Abstract Optimum conditions for extracting the enzyme degrading the limonin precursor in citrus albedo involved treatment of the macerated albedo with a commercial pectic enzyme. The release of the enzyme from the cells of the albedo was accompanied by a considerable loss of stability, and the instability of the enzyme once dissociated from the albedo cells, together with its low activity in a highly pectinous source, accounts for the failure of previous attempts at its extraction. A method for proximate assay of enzyme actiyity was developed to monitor the extraction process and to compare the concentrations of enzyme activity in various albedo samples.
Copy neutral loss of heterozygosity: a novel chromosomal lesion in myeloid malignancies (2010)

Single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (SNP-A) have recently been widely applied as a powerful karyotyping tool in numerous translational cancer studies. SNP-A complements traditional metaphase cytogenetics with the unique ability to delineate a previously hidden chromosomal defect, copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH). Emerging data demonstrate that selected hematologic malignancies exhibit abundant CN-LOH, often in the setting of a normal metaphase karyotype and no previously identified clonal marker. In this review, we explore emerging biologic and clinical features of CN-LOH relevant to hematologic malignancies. In myeloid malignancies, CN-LOH has been associated with the duplication of oncogenic mutations with concomitant loss of the normal allele. Examples include JAK2, MPL, c-KIT, and FLT3. More recent investigations have focused on evaluation of candidate genes contained in common CN-LOH and deletion regions and have led to the discovery of tumor suppressor genes, including c-CBL and family members, as well as TET2. Investigations into the underlying mechanisms generating CN-LOH have great promise for elucidating general cancer mechanisms. We anticipate that further detailed characterization of CN-LOH lesions will probably facilitate our discovery of a more complete set of pathogenic molecular lesions, disease and prognosis markers, and better understanding of the initiation and progression of hematologic malignancies.
The <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> F‐box protein GrrA links SCF activity to meiosis (2006)

Cellular differentiation relies on precise and controlled means of gene expression that act on several levels to ensure a flexible and defined spatio-temporal expression of a given gene product. In our aim to identify transcripts enriched during fruiting body formation of the homothallic ascomycete Aspergillus (Emericella) nidulans, the grrA gene could be identified in a negative subtraction hybridization screening procedure. It encodes a protein similar to fungal F-box proteins, which function as substrate receptors for ubiquitin ligases, and that is highly related to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulatory protein Grr1p. Expression studies confirmed induction of grrA transcription and expression of its gene product during cleistothecial development of A. nidulans. Functional complementation of a yeast grr1Delta mutant was achieved by overexpression of the grrA coding sequence. A grrADelta deletion mutant resembles the wild-type in hyphal growth, asexual sporulation, Hülle cell formation or development of asci-containing cleistothecia, but is unable to produce mature ascospores due to a block in meiosis as demonstrated by cytological staining of cleistothecial contents. Our results specify a particular involvement of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFGrrA in meiosis and sexual spore formation of an ascomyceteous fungus and shed light on the diverse functions of ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated protein degradation in eukaryotic development.
Stilbenoid Dimers:  Dissection of a Paracyclophane Chromophore (1998)

A series of paracyclophane derivatives that hold chromophores of varying conjugation lengths has been synthesized using palladium-mediated coupling reactions. These molecules mimic solid-state interactions in main-chain polychromophores and conjugated emissive polymers such as poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV). Their optical properties give insight into the energetics of photoexcitations localized in a discrete chromophore relative to a state containing the through-space delocalized paracyclophane core. Thus, 4-vinyl[2.2]paracyclophane (5) is obtained by reaction of 4-bromo[2.2]paracyclophane (3) and ethylene using Pd(OAc)2 and P(o-tol)3. Similar reactions starting with pseudo-o- or pseudo-p-dibromo[2.2]paracyclophane (4a and 4b, respectively) give the pseudo-o- and pseudo-p-divinyl products (6a and 6b, respectively). Using styrene instead of ethylene provides the styryl-substituted products. Thus, 4-styryl[2.2]paracyclophane (7) is obtained from 3 while pseudo-p- and pseudo-o-distyryl[2.2]paracyclophane (1a and 1b) are obtained from 4a and 4b, respectively. Compounds 1a and 1b can be viewed as stilbene dimers that have a pair of cofacial arene units at a fixed distance. Pseudo-p-bis(4-vinyl-styryl)[2.2]paracyclophane (9) was prepared by reaction of CH2PPh3 with pseudo-p-bis(4-carboxaldehyde-styryl)[2.2]paracyclophane. Reacting 4-(4-tert-butylstyryl)styrene with 3, 4a, or 4b under Heck-type conditions gives 4-[4-(4-tert-butylstyryl)styryl][2.2]paracyclophane (10) and pseudo-p- and pseudo-o-bis[4-(4-tert-butylstyryl)styryl][2.2]paracyclophane (2a and 2b), respectively. The observed trends in absorption, fluorescence and radiative lifetime of these compounds are reported and analyzed using collective electronic oscillators (CEO) representing the changes induced in the reduced single-electronic density matrix upon optical excitation. Comparison of the CEO of the aggregates with the corresponding monomers using two-dimensional plots provides an efficient method for tracing the origin of the various optical transitions by identifying the underlying changes in charge densities and bond orders. For 5, 6a,b, 7, and 1a,b the emission is red-shifted from the “monomeric” compound and featureless, reminiscent of excimer qualities. The emissions of 9, 10, and 2a,b are similar to the “monomer” and display vibronic structure. Thus, for the smaller chromophores, emission occurs from a state containing the through-space delocalized paracyclophane core. In the situation where extended chromophores, with more stable excited states, are held together with the paracyclophane core, the photophysics of the individual chromophores dominates. The present analysis is relevant to the design and synthesis of organic molecules with desired optical properties.