gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small β2-Glycoprotein I Peptides Protect from Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (2012)

Intestinal ischemic events, which are followed by reperfusion, induce significant tissue damage and frequently result in multiple organ failure, with >70% mortality. Upon reperfusion, excessive inflammation leads to exacerbated tissue damage. Previous studies indicated that binding of the serum protein, β2-glycoprotein I, to the endothelium initiates a cascade of inflammatory molecules that is required for damage. We hypothesized that peptides derived from the binding domain (domain V) of β2-glycoprotein I would attenuate ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage and inflammation in a therapeutic manner. Using a mouse model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion, we administered peptides either prior to ischemia or at clinically relevant time points during reperfusion and evaluated intestinal tissue damage and inflammation after 2 h of reperfusion. We demonstrate that multiple peptides attenuate injury and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner and, perhaps more significantly, are efficacious when administered up to 30 min after the onset of reperfusion. In addition, an all D-amino acid retro-inverso peptide was biologically active. Thus, the β2-glycoprotein I-derived peptides attenuate injury and inflammation when administered in a therapeutic manner in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Expression and significance of MUC2 in gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma (2014)

Objective To investigate the expression of mucin 2 (MUC2) in the gastric signetring cell carcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods The expressions of MUC2 in 51 cases of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma and the corresponding normal gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization.Results The expression of MUC2 protein and mRNA in gastric signet-ring cellwere obviously higher than those in normal gastric mucosa.The expression of MUC2 protein in patients with lymph node metastasis were obviously lower than that in patients without lymph node metastasis.Conclusions The higher expression of MUC2 protein and MUC2 mRNA may be related to the carcinogenesis of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma.The expression of MUC2 may be negatively correlated with the lymph node metastasis.

Key words: 
Gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma;  Mucin 2 ;  Immunohistochemistry ;  In situ hybridization
High‐linearity and high‐speed CMOS 1‐chip A/D, D/A converters. all‐digital linearity error correction (LECS) (1987)

Abstract This paper describes an all‐digital linearity error correction (LECS) method for A/D and D/A converters, and presents the design and performance of single‐chip CMOS LSI converters utilizing this new technique. In general, the deterioration of converter accuracy is caused by discontinuity changes (jumps) of the converter characteristics due to component tolerances in the weighting network. The proposed correction method is based on a design ensuring that only negative jumps occur which are then eliminated digitally by a shifting of digital output (input) codes. Since this method does not require analog circuits, the number of noise sources is minimum and high reliability is achieved by eliminating physical trimming. Experimental CMOS converters have been realized utilizing the proposed method; the D/A converter provides an S/N of 92 dB at 150 ksps, and 87 dB is achieved by the A/D at 78 ksps. Thus, the possibility of realizing high‐quality audio converters by MOS process technology has been demonstrated.
Characterization of Photodiode Nonlinearities by Output Frequency Analysis (2016)

We introduce a new technique for characterizing nonlinear behavior in photodiodes and illustrate its use for second order intermodulation distortion (IMD). For a given operating point (bias voltage and dc current), we construct a frequency-dependent nonlinear coefficient and plot it versus the output frequency of the IMD product. We find that for large ranges of operating points, the nonlinear coefficient falls on the same single curve, regardless of whether it was a sum, high difference, or low difference frequency plan that created the tone. Additionally, we found evidence of scaling: Regions in which changes in the universal curve due to a change in bias voltage can be cancelled by a systematic change in the dc current. That is, the nonlinear coefficients for a family of bias/current pairs fall on the same curve in these regions. This method shows that standard characterization of nonlinearities, such as finding intercept points, can be efficiently organized. Furthermore, it implies that comparison of nonlinear behavior of different photodiodes can be made directly on a uniform basis.
Evolution of Photophysical and Photovoltaic Properties of Perylene Bis(phenethylimide) Films upon Solvent Vapor Annealing (1996)

A detailed study is presented of the changes in photophysical and photovoltaic properties of thin films of perylene bis(phenethylimide), PPEI, as the film structure evolved from amorphous to polycrystalline under the influence of methylene chloride vapor. A strong absorption band grew in on the low-energy side of the original spectrum as the film order increased, and the peak of the emission spectrum shifted to higher energy, decreasing the Stokes shift by 283 meV. The singlet exciton diffusion length increased by 76%, leading to enhanced quenching of the PPEI fluorescence by a surface film of titanyl phthalocyanine, TiOPc. The heterojunction barrier height in TiOPc/PPEI photovoltaic cells decreased by 88 mV after 12 min exposure to methylene chloride vapor and subsequently remained constant. The series resistance of the cells increased monotonically as the films crystallized. Photocurrents increased by a factor of 10 after brief exposure and decreased thereafter. The active depth from which photocurrent was generated increased to include the entire film thickness upon ordering. There appeared to be at least two different crystal morphologies in the ordered PPEI films; the morphology responsible for the longest wavelength absorption made up only a small fraction of the total film but contributed the highest photovoltaic efficiency. Charge carriers were apparently photogenerated directly in the bulk perylene in the high efficiency phase, while they were generated primarily at or near the illuminated interface in the lower efficiency phase. These results support the recent prediction by Kazmaier and Hoffmann (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9684−9691) that intermolecular charge transfer interactions in perylenes with the most strongly red-shifted absorption spectra should result in efficient photogeneration of charge carriers.
Broad-Band Parametric Deamplification of Quantum Noise in an Optical Fiber (1986)

Broad-band squeezed states of light are generated by forward nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a single-mode optical fiber cooled below 4.2 K. The minimum total noise level was (12.5 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.5)% below the standard quantum limit.
Fibroblast growth factor-1 prevents myocardial apoptosis triggered by ischemia reperfusion injury. (1997)

The programed myocyte cell death triggered by ischemia-reperfusion injury is attenuated by FGF-1 in its native or non mitogenic isoforms, suggesting that this effect does not depend on the mitogenic properties of this protein. FGF-1 would contribute to the functional preservation of the myocardium after acute myocardial infarction.
Phenelfamycins, a novel complex of elfamycin-type antibiotics. III. Activity in vitro and in a hamster colitis model. (1989)

Phenelfamycins A, B, C, E, F and unphenelfamycin make up a recently isolated group of elfamycin-type antibiotics. All of the phenelfamycins were active against Gram-positive anaerobes, including Clostridium difficile. Phenelfamycin A was also active in vitro against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococci. Phenelfamycin A was found to be effective in prolonging the survival of hamsters in an animal model of C. difficile enterocolitis. After oral administration of phenelfamycin A to hamsters, antibiotic was detected in the caecal contents but not in the blood.
REVIEWS Defeatists and their Enemies. Political Invective in France 1914–1918. By SLATERCATHERINE. (Oxford Modern Languages and Literature Monographs). Oxford: University Press. 1981. ix + 206 pp. £12.50. (1982)

REVIEWS Get access Defeatists and their Enemies. Political Invective in France 1914–1918. By CATHERINE SLATER. (Oxford Modern Languages and Literature Monographs). Oxford: University Press. 1981. ix + 206 pp. £12.50. JOHN N. GREEN JOHN N. GREEN YORK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXXVI, Issue 3, July 1982, Pages 372–373, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXXVI.3.372 Published: 01 July 1982
A Methodological Framework for Business-Oriented Modeling of IT Infrastructure (2005)

The creation of IT simulation models for uses such as capacity planning and optimization is becoming more and more widespread. Traditionally, the creation of such models required deep modeling and/or programming expertise, thus severely limiting their extensive use. Moreover, many modern intelligent tools now require simulation models in order to carry out their function. For these tools to be widely deployable, the derivation of simulation models must be made possible without requiring excessive technical knowledge. Hence we introduce a general methodology that enables an almost automatic deployment of IT simulation models, based on three fundamental principles: Modeling only at the required level of detail; modeling standard components using pre-prepared models; and automatically deriving the application-specific model details. The technical details underlying this approach are presented. In addition, a case study, showing the application of this methodology to an eCommerce site, demonstrates the applicability of this approach.
Methanogens: biochemical background and biotechnological applications (2018)

Since fossil sources for fuel and platform chemicals will become limited in the near future, it is important to develop new concepts for energy supply and production of basic reagents for chemical industry. One alternative to crude oil and fossil natural gas could be the biological conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> or small organic molecules to methane via methanogenic archaea. This process has been known from biogas plants, but recently, new insights into the methanogenic metabolism, technical optimizations and new technology combinations were gained, which would allow moving beyond the mere conversion of biomass. In biogas plants, steps have been undertaken to increase yield and purity of the biogas, such as addition of hydrogen or metal granulate. Furthermore, the integration of electrodes led to the development of microbial electrosynthesis (MES). The idea behind this technique is to use CO<sub>2</sub> and electrical power to generate methane via the microbial metabolism. This review summarizes the biochemical and metabolic background of methanogenesis as well as the latest technical applications of methanogens. As a result, it shall give a sufficient overview over the topic to both, biologists and engineers handling biological or bioelectrochemical methanogenesis.
Detecting a Utilization Imbalance Between Dispersed Storage Units (2015)

A method begins by a processing module of a dispersed storage network (DSN) obtaining utilization information regarding a plurality of storage units of the DSN, where first and second sets of storage units support a first logical storage vault. The method continues with the processing module detecting a utilization imbalance between a first storage unit of the first set of storage units and a second storage unit of the second set of storage units based on the utilization information, where the first and second storage units are not a common storage unit. The method continues with the processing module executing a data storage function regarding the first logical storage vault based on the utilization imbalance.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detects Internal Defects in Potatoes (1997)

Potatoes with hollow heart or brown center are considered to be of poor quality for both fresh and processing markets. A reliable nondestructive method, which can distinguish affected and normal potatoes, is described here. A Varian 4.7 Tesla, 33-cm horizontal-bore spectroscopy/imaging system was used to obtain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images of potatoes. A two-dimensional multi-slice spin-echo imaging technique was used to acquire the cross-sectional images along the longitudinal direction. The echo time was 35 msec and the repetition time was 1.2 sec. A total of 13 slice images were taken for each potato. A one-dimensional projection technique was also performed to evaluate the possibility of using fast-scan method. The brown center showed high intensity in long echo scans due to its longer T L relaxation time. A suberin-like layer resembling the periderm developed on the cavity wall of hollow heart causing a tan or dark brown coloration. This cavity wall also appeared in high intensity on the image. The affected potatoes can easily be sorted out using this nondestructive NMR imaging technique.
Spatial uniformity of the current emitted by an array of passively fed electrospray porous emitters (2016)

Ionic liquid ion sources (ILIS) have a broad range of applications ranging from focused ion beams (FIB) to spacecraft propulsion. For space thrusters, having a beam of ions of high velocity and low energy spread results in high specific impulse (a measure of the efficiency of propellant consumption) and high power efficiency. For FIB applications, these traits benefit focusing and resolution respectively. Since typical current levels emitted by individual ILIS range from tens of nA to a few μA, both applications often require using arrays of emitters in order to increase the total beam current; i.e. the thrust level in the case of a thruster or the throughput in ion milling applications. So far, most studies of emitter arrays have dealt with experimental measurements of global, spatially-averaged, properties and theoretical analyses generally assume that all emitters operate in a similar manner, so that scaling of the current is linear with the number of emitters. In this work we use a current probe to explore the uniformity properties of the current emitted by an array of porous emitters. We present measurements of the current density of both the array and individual tips, and analyze the reason and implications of the experimental observations.
Laser-Bessel-Beam-Driven Electron Acceleration (2005)

A vacuum-laser-driven acceleration scheme using a laser Bessel beam is presented. In contrast to the conventional Gaussian beam, the Bessel beam demonstrates diffraction-free propagation, which implies the possibility of extending the effective interaction distance for a laser-electron system. In this method, the Bessel beam is truncated by annular slits to realize a series of nonsuccessive dim regions along the path of laser propagation, where the amplitude of the laser field is reduced, making the electron slightly decelerate as it travels in the decelerating phase. We analyzed the propagation characteristics of the truncated Bessel beam with scalar diffraction theory, and then introduced this approach with careful investigation of a three-stage acceleration model.
Botulinum Toxin Paralysis of Adult Monkey Extraocular Muscle (1987)

Botulinum toxin was injected into the medial rectus muscles of adult rhesus monkeys, with postinjection survival periods of three to 56 days. Light and electron microscopic changes were most apparent in the orbital, singly innervated muscle fibers, which during the acute stage (seven to 28 days), exhibited denervationlike hypertrophy with dispersion of the central mitochondria toward the periphery of the fibers. Withdrawal of the capillary network on which this fiber type normally is dependent for oxidative function was a secondary adaptive response to the disuse resulting from botulinum toxin paralysis of neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular junctions still were present on all muscle fiber types, although evidence of sprouting was apparent. In the long term (following return of function at 42 to 56 days), the muscle fibers appeared normal and the vasculature recovered in proportion to the decreased cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers.
Active Vibration Control of Large Civil Structures (1988)

A survey of vibration control methods for safety and comfort in large civil structures (LCS) is presented. After reviewing the application of control theory to LCS, the paper discusses a class of vibration suppression algorithms that avoid the major difficulties encountered in the application of modern control techniques to building structural systems. Digital computer simulation studies, electronic analog computer investigations, and experimental tests with several mechanical models of different size and configuration are presented to demonstrate the feasibility, reliability, and robustness of the proposed pulse‐control methods.
Pulsed Plasma Deposited Maleic Anhydride Thin Films as Supports for Lipid Bilayers (2000)

Pulsed plasma polymerization has been used to deposit thin polymer films from maleic anhydride. By variations of the duty cycle (ton/(ton + toff)) employed during the plasma treatment, it has been possible to achieve a high retention of the anhydride groups within the film. Hydration of the anhydride groups in water created a carboxylic acid functionalized film, which was used to support a negatively charged DMPG lipid bilayer using Ca2+ as a chelating agent. The capacitance and resistance of adsorbed DMPG on three films prepared at different plasma duty cycles could be correlated with the relative amount of anhydride groups present in the plasma polymer films.
A Chinese Continuous Keystroke Authentication Method Using Cognitive Factors (2019)

Everyone has different biometrics, so personal biometrics can be applied to authentication. Moreover, the biological characteristics are not easy to be copied, and the user does not need to memorize and does not need to carry extra things. Biometrics can be divided into two types: physiological characteristics and behavioral characteristics. This study belongs to behavioral characteristics and adopts dynamic keystroke behavior to verify the identity. Many dynamic keystroke authentication methods have been proposed, but most of them are only suitable for English. Only very small numbers of keystroke authentication research are designed for other language (such as Chinese). This study focuses on how to use Chinese keystrokes for continuous authentication. Different persons have different vocabulary usages. The main influence comes from different exposure to different “word frequency” during the learning process. “Word frequency” is the frequency at which words appear in a person's life. Frequency varies due to the individual's life experience. Therefore, if the user frequently enters a word, the user will be more familiar with the input of the word, so the familiarity will be related to the past learning cognition. This study treats this familiarity as a cognitive factor, and explores the impact of cognitive factors on identity verification in Chinese language. This study compares the keystroke authentication with cognitive factors and the keystroke authentication without considering cognitive factors. It is found that the former is more accurate than the latter.
Direct Methane to Methanol: The Selectivity–Conversion Limit and Design Strategies (2018)

Currently, methane is transformed into methanol through the two-step syngas process, which requires high temperatures and centralized production. While the slightly exothermic direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol would be preferable, no such process has been established despite over a century of research. Generally, this failure has been attributed to both the high barriers required to activate methane as well as the higher activity of the CH bonds in methanol compared to those in methane. However, a precise and general quantification of the limitations of catalytic direct methane to methanol has yet to be established. Herein, we present a simple kinetic model to explain the selectivity–conversion trade-off that hampers continuous partial oxidation of methane to methanol. For the same kinetic model, we apply two distinct methods, using ab initio calculations and fitting to a large experimental database, to fully define the model parameters. We find that both methods yield strikingly similar results, namely, that the selectivity of methane to methanol in a direct, continuous process can be fully described by the methane conversion, the temperature, and a catalyst-independent difference in methane and methanol activation free energies, Δ<i>G</i><sup>a</sup>, which is dictated by the relative reactivity of the C–H bonds in methane and methanol. Stemming from this analysis, we suggest several design strategies for increasing methanol yields under the constraint of constant Δ<i>G</i><sup>a</sup>. These strategies include “collectors”, materials with strong methanol adsorption potential that can help to lower the partial pressure of methanol in the gas phase, aqueous reaction conditions, and/or diffusion-limited systems. Here, by using this simple model to successfully rationalize a representative library of experimental studies from the diverse fields of heterogeneous, homogeneous, biological, and gas-phase methane to methanol catalysis, we underscore the idea that continuous methane to methanol is generally limited and provide a framework for understanding and evaluating new catalysts and processes.
Potable Water CBR Contamination and Countermeasures (2006)

This paper provides information on the potential threat to a building's domestic and potable water supplies from chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) agents that could potentially be used by terrorists, wartime or terrorist attacks, or accidental or intentional (sabotage) toxic industrial chemical release. The consequences of a CBR terrorist attack or industrial release are assumed to be short in duration, lasting only a few hours. However, decontaminating a distribution system may take several days for chemical and biological (CB) agents. Radioactive material releases that contaminate a water distribution system would make the distribution system unusable for months or years. This paper provides design measures that can be used to provide protection based on the threat type and severity level from a minimum through high level of protection. Emphasis is placed on assessing potential CBR agent release tactics, identifying vulnerable locations in a water supply system where CBR agents might be released, and countermeasures to protect against a CBR threat. Water systems supplying buildings can become contaminated at any one of three stages: (1) at the source (e.g., well fields/production wells, reservoirs, lakes and rivers, or water treatment plants); (2) in distribution lines and loops (on- and off-base) feeding buildings; or (3) in a building's system of pipes, pressure tanks, holding tanks or water softener treatment system.