gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible-Light-Response and Photocatalytic Activities of TiO<sub>2</sub> and SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Photocatalysts Codoped with Antimony and Chromium (2002)

TiO2 and SrTiO3 codoped with antimony and chromium showed intense absorption bands in the visible light region and possessed 2.2 and 2.4 eV of energy gaps, respectively. TiO2 codoped with antimony and chromium evolved O2 from an aqueous silver nitrate solution under visible light irradiation, while SrTiO3 codoped with antimony and chromium evolved H2 from an aqueous methanol solution. The activity of TiO2 photocatalyst codoped with antimony and chromium was remarkably higher than that of TiO2 doped with only chromium. It was due to that the charge balance was kept by codoping of Sb5+ and Cr3+ ions, resulting in the suppression of formation of Cr6+ ions and oxygen defects in the lattice which should work as effectively nonradiative recombination centers between photogenerated electrons and holes.
Exploring the Chemical Space of G-Quadruplex Binders: Discovery of a Novel Chemotype Targeting the Human Telomeric Sequence (2013)

Recent findings have unambiguously demonstrated that DNA G-rich sequences can adopt a G-quadruplex folding in living cells, thus further validating them as crucial targets for anticancer therapy. Herein, to identify new potent G4 binders as antitumor drug candidates, we have targeted a 24-nt G4-forming telomeric sequence employing a receptor-based virtual screening approach. Among the best candidates, in vitro binding experiments allowed identification of three novel G4 ligands. Among them, the best compound features an unprecedented binding selectivity for the human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex with no detectable binding for other G4-forming sequences present at different genomic sites. This behavior correlates with the detected ability to generate DNA damage response in tumor cells at the telomeric level and efficient antiproliferative effect on different tumor cell lines at low micromolar concentrations.
Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Compatible Al-Catalyzed Silicon Nanowires (2007)

10.1149/1.2716304
Electron spin resonance studies on the anion radical of dibenzo[b,f]thiepin (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron spin resonance studies on the anion radical of dibenzo[b,f]thiepinM. M. Urberg and Emil T. KaiserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 23, 5931–5933Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00999a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00999a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heuristics for De-identifying Health Data (2008)

Before releasing personal health information for secondary uses, such as research or public health monitoring, organizations must de-identify the data they've collected. Several common heuristics are useful for this purpose, but they also have limitations.
Valve-less diffuser micropumps fabricated using thermoplastic replication (2002)

Here we present the first valve-less diffuser micropumps fabricated using thermoplastic replication. Due to its simple planar geometry the valve-less diffuser pump is very suitable for thermoplastic replication. Two different thermoplastic replication methods have been used: hot embossing and injection molding. As mold inserts we used 0.1 and 0.2 mm deep precision milled brass mold inserts and 20 and 80 /spl mu/m deep microelectroformed nickel mold inserts defined from deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) silicon wafers. For the injection molding a commercially available Compact Disc injection molding machine (Toolex Alpha MD100) was used to fabricate the diffuser micropumps with extremely short cycle times. One properly fabricated mold insert of nickel can be used to fabricate more than 10000 plastic discs with a cycle time of less than 10 seconds per disc. The plastic material cost is about 5 cents each. Tested pumps reached a maximum volume flow of 1.9 ml/min and a maximum pump pressure of 7.7 kPa.
Acute Effects of Peritoneal Dialysis with Dialysates Containing Dextrose or Dextrose and Amino Acids on Muscle Protein Turnover in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure (2001)

Whether changes in substrate and insulin levels that occur during peritoneal dialysis (PD) have effects on muscle protein dynamics was evaluated by studying muscle protein synthesis (PS), breakdown (PB), and net protein balance (NB) by the forearm perfusion method associated with the kinetics of 3H-phenylalanine in acute, crossover studies in which PD patients served as their own controls. Studies were performed (1) in the basal state and during PD with dialysates that contained dextrose alone in different concentrations (protocol 1: eight patients), (2) during PD with dialysates that contained dextrose alone or dextrose and amino acids (AA) (protocol 2: five patients), and (3) in time controls (five patients). PD with dextrose alone induced (1) a two- to threefold increase in insulin, as well as a 20 to 25% decrease in AA, mainly BCAA, levels; (2) an insulin-related decline (-18%) in forearm PB (P<0.002); (3) a 20% decrease in muscle PS (P<0.04), which was related to arterial BCAA and K+ (P<0.02 to 0.05); (4) a persistent negative NB; and (5) a decrease in the efficiency of muscle protein turnover, expressed as the ratio NB/PB. PD with dextrose+AA versus PD with dextrose induced (1) similarly high insulin levels but with a significant increase in total arterial AA (+30 to 110%), mainly valine; (2) a reduced release of AA from muscle (P<0.05); and (3) a decrease in the negative NB observed during PD with dextrose, owing to an increase (approximately 20%) in muscle PS, without any further effect on muscle PB. This study indicates that in PD patients in the fasting state, the moderate hyperinsulinemia that occurs during PD with dextrose alone causes an antiproteolytic action that is obscured by a parallel decrease in AA availability for PS. Conversely, the combined use of dextrose and AA results in a cumulative effect, because of the suppression of endogenous muscle PB (induced by insulin) and the stimulation of muscle PS (induced by AA availability). The hypothesis, therefore, is that in patients who are treated with PD, when fasting or when nutrient intake is reduced, muscle mass could be maintained better by the combined use of dextrose and AA.
Reliability Assessment of Ion Contamination Residues on Printed Circuit Board (2013)

Ion contaminants from Printed Circuit Board (PCB) assembly processes pose a high reliability risk because they result in damaged circuits. Therefore, it is essential to understand the level of ionic species on the electronic circuitry as well as the reliability risks caused by these contaminants. There are a number of approaches available in the industry to assess the reliability risks ; for example, the water drop test (WDT) is one of the techniques used to determine the propensity of an ionic contaminant to cause electrical short failures by dendrite formation. The objective of this research is to determine the time to cause the failures, known as electrochemical migration (ECM) failures. A test vehicle was developed for the WDT to obtain the time to cause ECM failure in presence of different anions. The time to form dendritic bridges that cause short circuits was determined as a function of the different anions and the spacings between PCB pads. The experimental method involved dispensing aqueous solutions containing common inorganic and organic acid anions onto test vehicles, applying electrical bias voltages and measuring the time to form dendrites. Specially designed test structures cells were created to contain the test solutions. At each of the test cells, a cavity held the solution and constant current was applied through different metal geometries. To be representative of popular board finishes, test vehicle boards incorporated both Sn-Pb Hot Air Soldering Level (HASL) and Pb free HASL surface finishes.
Genomics of an extreme psychrophile, Psychromonas ingrahamii (2008)

The results of this genomic analysis provide a springboard for further investigations into mechanisms of psychrophily. Focus on the role of asparagine excess in proteins, targeted phenotypic characterizations and gene expression investigations are needed to ascertain if and how the organism regulates various proteins in response to growth at lower temperatures.
Convergence Problems of General-Sum Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (2000)

Stochastic games are a generalization of MDPs to multiple agents, and can be used as a framework for investigating multiagent learning. Hu and Wellman (1998) recently proposed a multiagent Q-learning method for general-sum stochastic games. In addition to describing the algorithm, they provide a proof that the method will converge to a Nash equilibrium for the game under specified conditions. The convergence depends on a lemma stating that the iteration used by this method is a contraction mapping. Unfortunately the proof is incomplete. In this paper we present a counterexample and flaw to the lemma&apos;s proof. We also introduce strengthened assumptions under which the lemma holds, and examine how this affects the classes of games to which the theoretical result can be applied. 1.
Making sense of real-time behavior (2010)

Data captured by sensors worn on the human body and analyzed in near real-time could transform our understanding of human behavior, health, and society.
Miniaturised electrostatic tactile display with high structural compliance (2002)

Tactile displays are used to provide tactile feedback in telemanipulation or virtual reality. One aim in further developments is the miniaturisation of tactile displays for incorporation into data- and/or force feedback gloves. This enables the combination of tactile and kinesthetic feedback. A main disadvantage of many tactile displays with a large number of stimulator elements is their large volume and structural rigidity. We propose the use of electrostatic actuators with elastic dielectrics as tactile stimulator. Those actuators are flexible and show a high energy density. This paper describes the construction and function of such actuators. A possible actuator arrangement in a tactile display and the controlling method is presented. Further the processing technology is shown. 1.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Activity in Normal and Deficient Fibroblasts (1981)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity in human skin fibroblasts appears to be regulated by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanism, as is the case with other animal cells. The enzyme can be activated by pretreating the cells with dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, before they are disrupted for measurement of PDC activity. With such treatment, the activity reaches 5-6 nmol/min per mg of protein at 37 degrees C with fibroblasts from infants. Such values represent an activation of about 5-20-fold over those observed with untreated cells. That this assay, based on [1-(14)C]pyruvate decarboxylation, represents a valid measurement of the overall PDC reaction is shown by the dependence of (14)CO(2) production on the presence of thiamin-PP, coenzyme A (CoA), Mg(++), and NAD(+). Also, it has been shown that acetyl-CoA and (14)CO(2) are formed in a 1:1 ratio. A similar degree of activation of PDC can also be achieved by adding purified pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase and high concentrations of Mg(++) and Ca(++), or in some cases by adding the metal ions alone to the cell homogenate after disruption. These results strongly suggest that activation is due to dephosphorylation. Addition of NaF, which inhibits dephosphorylation, leads to almost complete loss of PDC activity. Assays of completely activated PDC were performed on two cell lines originating from patients reported to be deficient in this enzyme (Blass, J. P., J. Avigan, and B. W. Ublendorf. 1970. J. Clin. Invest. 49: 423-432; Blass, J. P., J. D. Schuman, D. S. Young, and E. Ham. 1972. J. Clin. Invest. 51: 1545-1551). Even after activation with DCA, fibroblasts from the patients showed values of only 0.1 and 0.3 nmol/min per mg of protein. A familial study of one of these patients showed that both parents exhibited activity in fully activated cells about half that of normal values, whereas cells from a sibling appeared normal. These results demonstrate the inheritance nature of PDC deficiency, and that the present assay is sufficient to detect the heterozygous carriers of the deficiency. Application of the same procedures to fibroblasts obtained from 16 individuals who were believed to have normal PDC activities showed a range from about 2-2.5 nmol/min per mg protein for adults to 5-6 nmol/min per mg protein for cells from infants.
Structural and superconducting properties of orientation-ordered<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films prepared by molecular-beam epitaxy (1987)

Superconducting ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}$ films were produced by metal molecular-beam epitaxy with one electron beam and two thermal cells and a molecular oxygen-gas source. The films were epitaxially grown on SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$(100) with an $a$-axis orientation perpendicular to the plane, and $b$ and $c$ axes ordered in the plane. A sharp resistive superconducting transition with ${T}_{c}(R=0)$ at 82 K was obtained. A lower limit of the average ${J}_{c}$ in the plane is ${10}^{3}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 77 K, 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 70 K, and ${10}^{6}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 4.2 K.
A novel prism deployable mechanism based on straight-line mechanism (2013)

This paper proposes a novel planar deployable mechanism (PDM) based on the Hoekens straight-line linkage. The new mechanism has the property of deploying and compacting in only one dimension. The kinematics and the singularities of the PDM are analysed, and its magnification ratio is calculated as a function of the geometry of the links. Furthermore, we describe the possibility and the principles of combining multiple unit mechanisms into a larger deployable mechanism. This process allows the creation of a series of deployable mast units, which in turn are used to design a novel family of prism deployable mechanisms with one degree of freedom and invariable cross-sections.
Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Quassinoids from <i>Brucea javanica</i> (L.) Merr. (2010)

Two new quassinoids, javanicolide E (1) and javanicolide F (2), along with fifteen known C-20 quassinoids were isolated from the seeds of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. The antitobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activity of these quassinoids was screened by the conventional half-leaf and leaf-disk method along with Western blot analysis. All of the seventeen quassinoids showed potent anti-TMV activity. Among them, eight compounds, brusatol (3), bruceine B (4), bruceoside B (5), yadanzioside I (6), yadanzioside L (7), bruceine D (8), yadanziolide A (9), and aglycone of yadanziolide D (17), showed strong antiviral activities, with IC(50) values in the range of 3.42-5.66 microM, and were much more effective than the positive control, ningnanmycin (IC(50) = 117.3 microM). The antiviral structure-activity relationships of quassinoids against TMV were also discussed.
Helicase homologues maintain cytosine methylation in plants and mammals (2002)

The Arabidopsis DDM1 gene is required for the maintenance of genomic methylation patterns but is a helicase homolog of the SWI2/SNF2 family rather than a DNA methyltransferase. Dennis et al. have shown that disruption of the mouse Lsh gene, the mammalian gene most closely related to DDM1, causes demethylation of the mouse genome. This result suggests that the mechanisms that maintain methylation patterns in the genomes of mammals and flowering plants are more conserved than previously suspected.
Colonic Epithelial Impedance Analysis in a Murine Model of Large-Bowel Cancer (1986)

Death rates from large-bowel cancer have remained essentially unchanged over the past 40 years because the diagnosis is made late, after the tumor has spread to other sites. This study was undertaken to examine whether alterations in mucosal electrical capacitance precede the development of gross malignancy, since this parameter may reflect functional or structural changes in the colonocyte plasma membrane, which is of importance in the regulation of cell growth. Distal colonic mucosal capacitance was decreased at low frequencies after only four weeks of treatment with the carcinogen dimethylhydrazine in C1 mice. Alterations in electrical capacitance may be a useful marker in identifying patients with a propensity to develop large-bowel cancer.
High temperature materials engineering properties evaluation (Task 57017). Summary report (1967)

Declassified 21 Sep 1973. The following were studied: mechanical properties of WUO/sub 2/ -- ThO/sub 2/, Mo --54UO/sub 2/ --6ThO/sub 2/. W--3Re -- 54UO/sub 2/ -6ThO/sub 2/, Mo--50Re, W--30Re--3OMo, Ta and Ta --8W--2Hf; thermal expansion of W-25Re--30Mo and unclad and Ta-clad W--54UO/sub 2/--6ThO/sub 2/; and electric conductivity of Ta tubing and Ta-clad W--54UO/sub 2/-6ThO/sub 2/. (DLC)
The Synthesis of the Glucuronide Metabolite of UK-157,147 Using Immobilised Uridine 5′-Diphosphoglucuronyl Transferase and Traditional Organic Chemistry Techniques (Imidate Method) (2001)

AbstractUK-157,147 (systematic name (3S,4R)-[6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-2,2,3-trimethyl-4-(2-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazin-6-yloxy)-3-chromanol), a potent potassium channel opener designed for rapid systemic clearance, is metabolised in vivo to a glucuronide metabolite. A standard of this metabolite of UK-157,147 was required for biological testing to confirm the absence of pharmacological activity and assay development. The glucuronide conjugate of UK-157,147 was initially synthesised using a bioreactor containing immobilised microsomes as a source of uridine 5-diphosphoglucuronyl transferase (E.C.2.4.1.17). At a later date, larger amounts of the glucuronide metabolite were synthesised by traditional organic chemistry techniques using the imidate method. The identity of the chemically and biocatalytically produced glucuronide conjugate sample was proven by LC-MS and LC-NMR-MS.Key Words: GlucuronideBiocatalysisImidate method
Use of Escherichia coli operon-fusion strains for the study of glycerol 3-phosphate transport activity (1980)

Strains of Escherichia coli K-12 deleted in the native lac operon and bearing both a wild-type glpT operon encoding for sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) transport and a hybrid operon in which glpT operator and promoter regions are fused to the lacZ gene were constructed. In strains with such a hybrid operon, beta-galactosidase and beta-galactoside permease become inducible by G3P. In these mutants the function and maturation of the glpT-coded proteins should be distinguishable from the level of gene expression, since the beta-galactosidase activity can serve as an index of the latter. With the aid of such mutants, it was shown that: (i) the expressions of the two neighboring operons, glpT and glpA (encoding anaerobic G3P dehydrogenase), are not coordinate; (ii) upon induction, the appearance of the cytoplasmic beta-galactosidase activity preceded that of methyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside transport activity (requiring only a cytoplasmic membrane protein) by about 4 min and that of G3P transport activity (requiring both a cytoplasmic membrane protein and a periplasmic protein) by about 9 min; and (iii) when cells grown at several temperatures from 24 to 42 degrees C were measured for G3P transport activity at 30 degrees C, the activity increased with the growth temperature, indicating that, within the range studied, the rate of transport increases with the fluidity of membrane phospholipids.
Dacarbazine-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment in noncutaneous metastatic melanoma (2011)

Malignant melanoma, a neoplastic disorder produced by malignant transformation of the melanocyte, is considered to be resistant to chemotherapy. Dacarbazine is one of the standard chemotherapeutic agents in Korea. This study is designed to analyze treatment outcome and delineate prognostic factors based on clinical parameters for patients with advanced malignant melanoma who had received dacarbazine-based chemotherapy. This is a multicenter, retrospective analysis of 95 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma who had received dacarbazine-based chemotherapy, from January 1997 to June 2010. After a median follow-up duration of 41 months (range, 2-191 months), median survival time from the start of treatment was 12.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.9-13.5]. The overall response rate was 26.3% (95% CI: 17.8-36.4). On univariate analysis, primary site [mucosa of head and neck, gastrointestinal (GI)/genitourinary tract > cutaneous+acral melanoma], metastases to liver, GI tract, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase adversely influenced on survival. At a multivariate level, independent poor prognostic factors were mucosal melanoma [P=0.001; hazard ratio (HR): 2.988; 95% CI: 1.534-5.821], metastasis to GI tract [P=0.040; HR: 2.108; 95% CI: 1.036-4.288], and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (P=0.047; HR: 1.695; 95% CI: 1.007-2.854). Dacarbazine-based chemotherapy seems to be a reasonable option in Asia where mucosal melanoma is more prevalent than in the West. The dacarbazine-based chemotherapy showed an overall response rate of 26.3% and an overall survival of 12.1 months without a significant difference in response rates between noncutaneous or cutnaeous melanoma.