gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an in vitro model for study of the efficacy of ischemic preconditioning in human skeletal muscle against ischemia-reperfusion injury (2006)

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury causes skeletal muscle infarction and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) augments ischemic tolerance in animal models. To date, this has not been demonstrated in human skeletal muscle. This study aimed to develop an in vitro model to investigate the efficacy of simulated IPC in human skeletal muscle. Human skeletal muscle strips were equilibrated in oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit-HEPES buffer (37 degrees C). Aerobic and reperfusion phases were simulated by normoxic incubation and reoxygenation, respectively. Ischemia was simulated by hypoxic incubation. Energy store, cell viability, and cellular injury were assessed using ATP, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, respectively. Morphological integrity was assessed using electron microscopy. Studies were designed to test stability of the preparation (n = 5-11) under normoxic incubation over 24 h; the effect of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 h hypoxia followed by 2 h of reoxygenation; and the protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC; 5 min of hypoxia/5 min of reoxygenation) before 3 h of hypoxia/2 h of reoxygenation. Over 24 h of normoxic incubation, muscle strips remained physiologically intact as assessed by MTT, ATP, and LDH assays. After 3 h of hypoxia/2 h of reoxygenation, MTT reduction levels declined to 50.1 +/- 5.5% (P < 0.05). MTT reduction levels in HPC (82.3 +/- 10.8%) and normoxic control (81.3 +/- 10.2%) groups were similar and higher (P < 0.05) than the 3 h of hypoxia/2 h of reoxygenation group (45.2 +/- 5.8%). Ultrastructural morphology was preserved in normoxic and HPC groups but not in the hypoxia/reoxygenation group. This is the first study to characterize a stable in vitro model of human skeletal muscle and to demonstrate a protective effect of HPC in human skeletal muscle against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury.
The Exceptional Glutathione Peroxidase‐Like Activity of Di(3‐hydroxypropyl) Selenide and the Unexpected Role of a Novel Spirodioxaselenanonane Intermediate in the Catalytic Cycle (2004)

A new mechanism for reducing oxidative stress: Di(3-hydroxypropyl) selenide has exceptionally high glutathione peroxidase-like catalytic activity in the reduction of tert-butyl hydroperoxide with benzyl thiol. The catalytic cycle proceeds via a novel spirodioxaselenanonane, which was isolated and characterized spectroscopically, as well as by X-ray crystallography.
Kondrat’eva Ligation: Diels–Alder-Based Irreversible Reaction for Bioconjugation (2014)

Diversification of existing chemoselective ligations is required to efficiently access complex and well-defined biomolecular assemblies with unique and valuable properties. The development and bioconjugation applications of a novel Diels-Alder-based irreversible site-specific ligation are reported. The strategy is based on a Kondrat'eva cycloaddition between bioinert and readily functionalizable 5-alkoxyoxazoles and maleimides that readily react together under mild and easily tunable reaction conditions to afford a fully stable pyridine scaffold. The potential of this novel bioconjugation is demonstrated through the preparation of fluorescent conjugates of biomolecules and a novel Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based probe suitable for the in vivo detection and imaging of urokinase-like plasminogen activator (uPA), which is a key protease involved in cancer invasion and metastasis.
In Vitro Propagation, Phytochemical and Neuropharmacological Profiles of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.: A Review (2020)

<i>Bacopa monnieri</i> has been used as a reputed drug in the Indian traditional ayurvedic system for centuries. This medicinal herb with important phytopharmaceuticals has been popularly known as "Brahmi". In recent years, <i>B. monnieri</i> has been extensively studied for its bioactive constituents, constituents responsible for memory enhancing effect, and also its diverse other useful effects. It possesses many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, gastrointestinal, endocrine, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory etc. The plant has been also used for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Due to its multipurpose therapeutic potential, micropropagation using axillary meristems and de novo organogenesis has been extensively studied in the species and is being reviewed. High frequency direct shoot organogenesis can be induced in excised leaf and internode explants in the absence of exogenous phytohormones and the rate of induction is enhanced in the presence of exogenous cytokinins, supplements, growth regulators, etc. Using explants from tissue culture raised plants, direct shoot regeneration leading to production of more than 100 rooted plants/explant within 8-12 weeks period with 85%-100% survival in the field after acclimatization can be expected following optimized protocols. Bioreactor based micropropagation was found to increase the multiplication rate of shoot cultures for the commercial propagation of <i>B. monnieri</i> plants. The maximum content of bacosides has been recorded in shoot biomass using an airlift bioreactor system. Further studies for the biosynthesis of bacosides and other secondary metabolites need to be conducted in the species utilizing untransformed shoot cultures in bioreactors.
Cytotoxic constituents of ethyl acetate fraction from<i>Dianthus superbus</i> (2013)

The ethyl acetate fraction (EE-DS) from Dianthus superbus was found to possess the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells in previous study. To investigate cytotoxic constituents, the bioassay-guided isolation of compounds from EE-DS was performed. Two dianthramides (1 and 2), three flavonoids (3-5), two coumarins (6 and 7) and three other compounds (8-10) were obtained. Structures of isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis. Cytotoxicity of the compounds against HepG2 cells was evaluated. Compound 1 showed the strongest cytotoxicity, compounds 10, 4, 3 and 5 had moderate cytotoxicity.
A systematic framework for evaluating hyperlink validity in Web environments (2003)

In nowadays, the technical complexities of a Web site and variances to the browser make Web testing and quality control much more difficult. This paper investigates the quality issue of the Web systems and a systematic framework for Web testing is proposed, in which a Web application model is established to denote all components of a Web site by the Markov usage chain. To demonstrate its usability, a practical example of link validity testing is presented. The suggested validation mechanism not only generates automatically a complete set of the test scripts for link validation, but also provides quantitative analysis of the invalid components in a Web application.
Protection of Superconducting Coils (1963)

Superconducting magnets of sufficiently high inductance can be damaged by overheating during an accidental transition to the resistive state. Possible protection circuits are analyzed theoretically, and some of the practical consequences of the analysis are summarized.
Gene Expression Profiling in Peripheral Blood Cells and Synovial Membranes of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis (2015)

We describe the first analysis of the trancriptome in paired synovial tissue and PBC of patients with PsA. This study strengthens the hypothesis that PsA is of autoimmune origin since the coactivity of IFN and Th17 pathways is typical of autoimmunity. Finally these findings have allowed the identification of a possible disease biomarker, osteoactivin, easily detectable in PsA serum.
Ionic diffusion in the oxidation of iron—effect of support and its implications to chemical looping applications (2011)

Addition of TiO2 was found to significantly enhance the ionic diffusivity of O anion within iron and its oxides, thereby changing the dominating ionic transfer mechanism for iron oxidation from “outward Fe cation diffusion” (in pure Fe case) to “inward O anion diffusion” (in Fe with TiO2 support case).
Antileukemic activity of substituted ureidothiazoles, ureidothiadiazoles, and related compounds (1979)

A number of ureidothiazole and ureidothiadiazole derivatives related to ethyl 4-[[(2-thiazolylamino)carbonyl]-amino]benzoate were prepared and evaluated against the leukemia P-388 tumor system in mice. Preliminary structure-activity relationship study revealed that, among other considerations, active compounds of this series contain either an "isothioureido" [N-C(S-)=N-] or an "isothiosemicarbazono" [N-C(S-)=N-N=] structural unit.
Alteration of Endogenous Catecholamine Metabolism by Ethanol Ingestion. (1967)

SummaryIngestion of moderate amounts of ethanol by normal human subjects results in a striking decrease in excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid and a compensatory increase in excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. These findings are supported by previous studies using C14-norepinephrine and indicate that ethanol ingestion diverts the intermediate metabolism of both epinephrine and norepinephrine from the normal oxidative route to a reductive pathway.
A large-system analysis of the imperfect-CSIT Gaussian broadcast channel with a DPC-based transmission strategy (2010)

The Gaussian broadcast channel (GBC) with K transmit antennas and K single-antenna users is considered for the case in which the channel state information is obtained at the transmitter via a finite-rate feedback link of capacity r bits per user. The throughput (i.e., the sum-rate normalized by K) of the GBC is analyzed in the limit as K ¿ ¿ with r/K ¿ r¿. Considering the transmission strategy of zeroforcing dirty paper coding (ZFDPC), a closed-form expression for the asymptotic throughput is derived. It is observed that, even under the finite-rate feedback setting, ZFDPC achieves a significantly higher throughput than zeroforcing beamforming. Using the asymptotic throughput expression, the problem of obtaining the number of users to be selected in order to maximize the throughput is solved.
Redesigning Kinase Inhibitors to Enhance Specificity (2008)

Kinases are important targets in molecular cancer therapy. However, the evolutionary relatedness and structural conservation of these proteins often lead to unforeseen cross reactivity, yielding unexpected side effects. Thus, the use of promiscuous drugs is likely to introduce dangerous clinical uncertainties. Here, we show how to rationally redesign two promiscuous kinase inhibitors, staurosporine (7) and EKB-569 (8), with the goal of turning them into more selective ligands. This problem is addressed by exploiting a structure-based selectivity filter for specificity: the pattern of packing defects in the target. These singularities, called dehydrons, are solvent-exposed intramolecular hydrogen bonds that may be protected by drugs upon association and are not conserved across protein families. Our redesigned compounds possess a significantly focused activity, as experimentally corroborated in high-throughput screening assays. Thus, our design strategy proves to be operative to reduce the inhibitory impact of promiscuous kinase ligands, enhancing their safety as therapeutic agents.
Brain Ischemic Anoxia (1984)

THE DEVELOPMENT of effective therapy to preserve normal neurological function in patients surviving a cardiac arrest hinges on our growing understanding of the pathophysiology of ischemic anoxia. It is worthwhile, then, to review our new understanding of these mechanisms, as well as the laboratory search for therapies to protect neurons injured by cardiac arrest. The early doctrine that four to six minutes of ischemic anoxia leads to irreversible brain injury was based on work done in the 1940s with dogs subjected to breathing 100% nitrogen.<sup>1,2</sup>However, it became apparent from work by Ames and Guarian<sup>3</sup>and Hossman and Kleihues<sup>4</sup>that the neurons themselves have substantial intrinsic resistance to complete ischemic anoxia. The evidence suggests that CNS neurons can tolerate between 20 and 60 minutes of complete ischemic anoxia without irreversible injury. Following these severe insults, neurons regain the ability to synthesize protein, produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and
Potassium trimethylsilanolate induced cleavage of 1,3-oxazolidin-2- and 5-ones, and application to the synthesis of (R)-salmeterol (2003)

A convenient and efficient method for the cleavage of 1,3-oxazolidin-5-ones and 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones utilising potassium trimethylsilanolate in tetrahydrofuran is described. The benzyloxycarbonyl-protecting group is readily removed under the reaction conditions, whereas the N-benzoyl group is stable. A synthesis of (R)-salmeterol exploiting the 2-oxazolidinone ring as a protecting group for the ethanolamine moiety is also described.
Solid State Ethanol Fermentation of Apple Pomace as Affected by Moisture and Bioreactor Mixing Speed (1992)

Solid state ethanol fermentation was conducted on apple pomace in a 40 L capacity horizontal batch reactor at 30°C using apple pomace moisture contents of 77 and 85% wb, mixing speeds of 2, 20 and 40 rpm and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 24702. A higher mean maximum ethanol concentration of 19.26% db was obtained at 85% wb moisture, whereas a mean ethanol of 18.10% db was produced at 77% wb pomace moisture. Mean ethanol concentrations during fermentation of 10.79 and 10.27% db, at bioreactor mixing speeds of 2 and 20 rpm, respectively, were significantly higher than the corresponding value of 9.30% db obtained at 40 rpm mixing speed. Maximum ethanol concentrations were attained earlier at 2 and 20 rpm than at 40 rpm. A linear regression model for fermentation efficiency was fitted as a function of initial glucose and moisture.
A Robust Testing Framework for Verifying Web Services by Completeness and Consistency Analysis (2005)

This paper presents a specification based robust testing framework for Web services. Web services testing is done by 1) extracting condition and event combinations from the Web service specification; 2) ensuring that these combinations are consistent with each other; 3) performing completeness analysis to identify all the missing condition and event combinations; 4) identifying the locations where updates are needed to maintain the completeness and consistency; and 5) emphasizing on robustness testing by generating positive as well as negative test cases. An efficient algorithm called Covering Scenario Generation is proposed to identify the locations where incompleteness and inconsistency exist. The algorithm is based on the min-terms of Boolean expressions that combine multiple conditions into a single checkable item. The proposed algorithm has been experimented with several large industrial applications and the results indicated that the proposed algorithm is robust and scalable to large applications. A case study is designed to illustrate the design and testing process.
Pathologic leukocyte infiltration of the rabbit aorta confers a vasomotor effect to chemotactic peptides through cyclooxygenase-derived metabolites (1996)

We determined the effect of chemotactic peptides FMLP and C5a, postulated to be relatively selective activators of phagocytes, on the thoracic aorta of rabbits subjected to experimental pathologies that allowed infiltration by leukocytes, i.e., dietary atherosclerosis and serum sickness. Aortic ring tissues isolated from hypercholesterolemic rabbits, precontracted or not by phenylephrine, exhibited a rapid and relatively sustained (10 to 20 min) contractile response when challenged by FMLP (10 nM and above); precontracted tissues also responded to C5a (2.5 nM and above). Aortic rings from rabbits with serum sickness (13 days post-BSA injection) exhibited brief contractions that were often followed by a relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted tissues. In both models, tissues from normal weight-matched animals were not consistently responsive to these peptides. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin extensively reduced the contractile effect of either peptide on precontracted aortic rings in both models. Chemotactic peptide-induced increased prostanoid secretion was evident only in the fluid bathing atherosclerotic aortic rings. Morphologic correlations included the demonstration of cells positive for the RAM-11 macrophage marker and the C5a receptors in tissues from rabbits with hypercholesterolemia (numerous clusters of cells) or serum sickness (modest infiltration). Control aortic rings responded to FMLP by a significant contraction if cultured for 2 h in the presence of resident peritoneal cells (84% macrophages), but not in the presence of a high density of PBL (less than 0.5% monocytes). Infiltrating or adherent macrophages in the blood vessel wall confer to some phagocyte activating peptides the role of eicosanoid-dependent vasoconstrictor agents.
An approach to formal verification of embedded software (2011)

Modern distributed large-scale systems comprise very large number of embedded processors, which are running embedded software. The complexity of these systems of systems is so high that it becomes unmanageable by humans. Under such circumstances, formal methods and the corresponding tools is being a subject of intensive research and development in both industry and academia. The objective of this paper is to make a contribution to the overall efforts by proposing a method, and accompanying tools, for formal verification of a class of embedded software that may be modeled as a collection of distributed finite state machines. The method is based on the symbolic model verification of certain properties of embedded software models. The accompanying tools enable creation of these models from the high-level design models and/or from the target program code, e.g. in C/C++ language. The viability of the proposed method is demonstrated on a case study. The subject of the case study is the verification of distributed embedded software that executes in the telephone switches and call centers. The results of the case study show that the proposed method is applicable on the real-world systems.
A model-driven approach to RFID application programming and infrastructure management (2005)

This paper describes a model-driven methodology to provide a systematic means of programming RFID applications and managing a distributed RFID infrastructure. The centerpiece of the approach is a model that captures the device infrastructure, business operation structure, and their relationship. Building on the model, a management system can be designed to support various management tasks effectively, such as the enrollment, provisioning, and monitoring of devices. Similarly an application framework can be created for solution developers to create distributed RFID applications. Applications can be written against a business operation model and deployed on an evolving device infrastructure. A prototype shows that the approach facilitates the management and programming of an RFID infrastructure
Dbxtool: A window‐based symbolic debugger for sun workstations (1986)

Abstract Dbxtool is a window‐ and mouse‐based debugger for C, Pascal and FORTRAN programs running on Sun workstations. Its use of the mouse as the primary input mechanism eliminates the need to type variables, line numbers, breakpoints and most commands. Its multiple windows provide several qualitatively different perspectives on the debugging problem. Compared to the Unix 4.2 BSD dbx from which it is derived, it has been extended with the abilities to debug multiple‐process programs, already‐running processes, and the Sun Operating System kernel.
SIP Trunking (2010)

The first complete guide to planning, evaluating, and implementing high-value SIP trunking solutions Most large enterprises have switched to IP telephony, and service provider backbone networks have largely converted to VoIP transport. But theres a key missing link: most businesses still connect to their service providers via old-fashioned, inflexible TDM trunks. Now, three Cisco experts show how to use Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) trunking to eliminate legacy interconnects and gain the full benefits of end-to-end VoIP. Written for enterprise decision-makers, network architects, consultants, and service providers, this book demystifies SIP trunking technology and trends and brings unprecedented clarity to the transition from TDM to SIP interconnects. The authors separate the true benefits of SIP trunking from the myths and help you systematically evaluate and compare service provider offerings. You will find detailed cost analyses, including guidance on identifying realistic, achievable savings. SIP Trunking also introduces essential techniques for optimizing network design and security, introduces proven best practices for implementation, and shows how to apply them through a start-to-finish case study. Christina Hattingh, member of the technical staff in the Cisco Access Routing Technology Group (ARTG), has been involved with Cisco VoIP technologies from their inception and continues to consult and deliver training in these areas. Darryl Sladden, a Cisco Senior Product Manager, has been a key architect of the Cisco Unified Border Element and the Cisco SIP Trunking strategy as well as a key contributor to the AS5000 product, and several other Cisco VoIP technologies. ATM Zakaria Swapan, Cisco ARTG member of technical staff, has been a key contributor to the Cisco SIP development, Cisco Unified Border Element, VoIP Gateway, Secure Unified Communications, Wireless Voice, QoS & Call Admission Control and several other VoIP technologies. Discover the advanced Unified Communications solutions that SIP trunking facilitates Systematically plan and prepare your network for SIP trunking Generate effective RFPs for SIP trunking Ask service providers the right questions-and make sense of their answers Compare SIP deployment models and assess their tradeoffs Address key network design issues, including security, call admission control, and call flows Manage SIP/TDM interworking throughout the transition This IP communications book is part of the Cisco PressNetworking Technology Series. IP communications titles from Cisco Press help networking professionals understand voice and IP telephony technologies, plan and design converged networks, and implement network solutions for increased productivity.
Ultrasonography of the Urinary Bladder (2010)

The urinary bladder was one of the first of the body's systems to be investigated by ultrasound. The bladder can be scanned by the suprapubic transabdominal route, while the perineal and intravesical routes are practically not used. Ultrasonic visualization of the bladder and other pelvic structures necessitates a full bladder. The bladder must be examined when comfortably full. Ultrasonography is a convenient, safe and relatively inexpensive tool for urinary bladder examination. A wide variety of pathologies may involve the urinary bladder and these can be diagnosed by ultrasonography. However, comparatively less attention is paid to pathologies involving the bladder in the literature. We present the most common pathologies that may be encountered in day-to-day practice.