gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time decompression and visualization of animated volume data (2001)

Interactive exploration of animated volume data is required by many application, but the huge amount of computational time and storage space needed for rendering does not yet allow the visualization of animated volumes. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm running at interactive frame rates using 3D wavelet transforms that allows for any wavelet, motion compensation techniques and various encoding schemes of the resulting wavelet coefficients to be used. We analyze different families and orders of wavelets for compression ratio and the introduced error. We use a quantization that has been optimized for the visual impression of the reconstructed volume, independent of the viewing algorithm. This enables us to achieve very high compression ratios while still being able to reconstruct the volume with as few visual artifacts as possible. A further improvement of the compression ratio has been achieved by applying a motion compensation scheme to exploit temporal coherency. Using these schemes, we are able to decompress each volume of our animation at interactive frame rates, while visualizing these decompressed volumes on a single PC. We also present a number of improved visualization algorithms for high-quality display using OpenGL hardware running at interactive frame rates on a standard PC.
Electrochemical sensors: a powerful tool in analytical chemistry (2003)

Potentiometric, amperometric and conductometric electrochemical sensors have found a number of interesting applications in the areas of environmental, industrial, and clinical analyses. This review presents a general overview of the three main types of electrochemical sensors, describing fundamental aspects, developments and their contribution to the area of analytical chemistry, relating relevant aspects of the development of electrochemical sensors in Brazil.
The Web (2003)

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov This is the American website for the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Update on acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women (2006)

UTI continues to be a common problem for otherwise healthy adult women. Treatment of UTI has become more difficult because of the rising levels of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Further research is needed to develop new antibiotic therapies and nonantibiotic prevention measures.
Evolutionary Generative Adversarial Networks (2018)

Generative adversarial networks (GAN) have been effective for learning generative models for real-world data. However, existing GANs (GAN and its variants) tend to suffer from training problems such as instability and mode collapse. In this paper, we propose a novel GAN framework called evolutionary generative adversarial networks (E-GAN) for stable GAN training and improved generative performance. Unlike existing GANs, which employ a pre-defined adversarial objective function alternately training a generator and a discriminator, we utilize different adversarial training objectives as mutation operations and evolve a population of generators to adapt to the environment (i.e., the discriminator). We also utilize an evaluation mechanism to measure the quality and diversity of generated samples, such that only well-performing generator(s) are preserved and used for further training. In this way, E-GAN overcomes the limitations of an individual adversarial training objective and always preserves the best offspring, contributing to progress in and the success of GANs. Experiments on several datasets demonstrate that E-GAN achieves convincing generative performance and reduces the training problems inherent in existing GANs.
Frazil Ice Control Using Electromechanical Cibrators and Ice-Resistant Coatings (1988)

Two methods, using electromechanical vibrators and ice-resistant coatings, were studied in a small-scale test conducted at the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (USACRREL). Two series of tests were carried out: the first series evaluated the performance of coated vs. uncoated test racks, and the second involved subjecting coated and uncoated racks to various levels and modes of vibration to determine the effectiveness of such a method for controlling frazil-ice accumulation. The tests demonstrated that coatings would retard frazil ice accumulation, but would not by themselves solve the blockage problem. This paper discusses electromechanical vibrators and ice-resistant coatings as means to control frazil ice and presents results of the laboratory test program at USACRREL.
Synchronization in complex oscillator networks and smart grids (2013)

The emergence of synchronization in a network of coupled oscillators is a fascinating topic in various scientific disciplines. A widely adopted model of a coupled oscillator network is characterized by a population of heterogeneous phase oscillators, a graph describing the interaction among them, and diffusive and sinusoidal coupling. It is known that a strongly coupled and sufficiently homogeneous network synchronizes, but the exact threshold from incoherence to synchrony is unknown. Here, we present a unique, concise, and closed-form condition for synchronization of the fully nonlinear, nonequilibrium, and dynamic network. Our synchronization condition can be stated elegantly in terms of the network topology and parameters or equivalently in terms of an intuitive, linear, and static auxiliary system. Our results significantly improve upon the existing conditions advocated thus far, they are provably exact for various interesting network topologies and parameters; they are statistically correct for almost all networks; and they can be applied equally to synchronization phenomena arising in physics and biology as well as in engineered oscillator networks, such as electrical power networks. We illustrate the validity, the accuracy, and the practical applicability of our results in complex network scenarios and in smart grid applications.
Enhanced radiation efficiency of electrically small microstrip antennas (2003)

Abstract By inserting width discontinuities in the middle of a rectangular microstrip patch, the length of a microstrip antenna can be significantly reduced at a given operating frequency. However, as the antenna size is reduced, the radiation efficiency becomes degraded. In this paper, it is shown that the radiation efficiency is improved substantially when the single junction at each width discontinuity is replaced by multiple junctions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 62–64, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11127
Alkyl aryl ketone oxime <i>O</i>‐ethers: A novel group of pyrethroids (1980)

Abstract The alkyl phenyl ketone oxime O ‐benzyl ethers are a new group of insecticidal compounds. Although they lack the ester linkage, they resemble the pyrethroids in general, and the esters of 2‐phenylalkanoic acids, in particular fenvalerate, because they show similar physiological effects on isolated nerve preparations and on whole insects; they also show a similar pattern of change of biological activity in response to structural change. The compounds may exist as two geometric isomers, of which only the ( E ) series shows significant biological activity; this observation appears to have some bearing on the relationship between conformation and activity in the pyrethroid series as a whole.
Mice lacking the <i>ski</i> proto-oncogene have defects in neurulation, craniofacial patterning, and skeletal muscle development (1997)

The c-ski proto-oncogene has been implicated in the control of cell growth and skeletal muscle differentiation. To determine its normal functions in vivo, we have disrupted the mouse c-ski gene. Our results show a novel role for ski in the morphogenesis of craniofacial structures and the central nervous system, and confirm its proposed function as a player in skeletal muscle development. Homozygous mutant mice show perinatal lethality resulting from exencephaly, a defect caused by failed closure of the cranial neural tube during neurulation. The timing of the neural tube defect in ski -/- embryos coincides with excessive apoptosis in the cranial neuroepithelium, as well as in the cranial mesenchyme. Homozygous ski mutants also exhibit a dramatic reduction in skeletal muscle mass, consistent with a defect in expansion of a myogenic precursor population. Nestin is an intermediate filament expressed in highly proliferative neuroepithelial stem cells and in myogenic precursors. Interestingly, we find decreased nestin expression in both the cranial neural tube and the somites of ski -/- embryos, compared with their normal littermates, but no reduction of nestin in the caudal neural tube. These results are consistent with a model in which ski activities are required for the successful expansion of a subset of precursors in the neuroepithelial or skeletal muscle lineages.
Activation of Acetonitrile in [Cp<sup>*</sup>Ir(η<sup>3</sup>-CH<sub>2</sub>CHCHPh)(NCMe)]<sup>+</sup>:  Crystal Structures of Iridium−Amidine, Imino−Ether, Amido, and Amide Complexes (2000)

Reactions of [Cp*Ir(η3-CH2CHCHPh)(NCMe)]OTf (1) with protic amines, alcohols, and water produce amidine complexes [Cp*Ir(η3-CH2CHCHPh)(NHC(NR2)Me)]OTf (2) (R2 = (Me)2 (a), (Me)(H) (b), (i-Pr)(H) (c), (−CH2(CH2)3CH2−) (d)), imino−ether complexes [Cp*Ir(η3-CH2CHCHPh)(NHC(OR‘)Me)]OTf (4) (R‘ = Me (a), Et (b), i-Pr (c)), and amido complex Cp*Ir(η3-CH2CHCHPh)(NHC(O)Me) (5-K), respectively. The keto form amido complex 5-K undergoes tautomerization to give the enol form complex Cp*Ir(η3-CH2CHCHPh)(NC(OH)Me) (5-E) in polar solvents. Tertiary amines (NMe3, NEt3) react with 1 in chlorinated solvents (XCl) to give the chloro complex Cp*IrCl(η3-CH2CHCHPh) (3) and quaternary ammonium salts [R3NX]OTf (R = Me, Et and X = CH2Cl, CH3, CHCl2, CCl3, PhCH2). Crystal structures of 2a, 4a, 5-K, and [Cp*Ir(NHC(OH)Me)(OH2)(PPh3)]OTf2 (6) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which lead us to suggest hybrid structures, Ir−-NH−C(N+Me2)Me (2a‘) for 2a and Ir−-NH−C(O+Me)Me (4a‘) for 4a to some extent. Complexes 2 and 4 react with PPh3 to give an iridium(III) complex [Cp*Ir(η3-CH2CHCHPh)(PPh3)]OTf (7) and the free amidines NHC(NR2)Me (8) and imino−ethers NHC(OR‘)Me (9), respectively. Nitrile complexes 1 and [Cp*Ir(η3-CH2CHCHPh)(NCCHCHMe)]OTf (10) catalyze the hydration of the nitriles in the presence of Na2CO3 to produce amides, and the benzonitrile complex [Cp*Ir(η3-CH2CHCHPh)(NCPh)]OTf (11) catalyzes the methanolysis of benzonitrile in the presence of Na2CO3 to produce NHC(OMe)Ph. Plausible mechanisms for these catalytic reactions are suggested with the amido and imino−ether complexes such as 4 and 5 being involved.
An Approach for the Identification of Targets Specific to Bone Metastasis Using Cancer Genes Interactome and Gene Ontology Analysis (2012)

Metastasis is one of the most enigmatic aspects of cancer pathogenesis and is a major cause of cancer-associated mortality. Secondary bone cancer (SBC) is a complex disease caused by metastasis of tumor cells from their primary site and is characterized by intricate interplay of molecular interactions. Identification of targets for multifactorial diseases such as SBC, the most frequent complication of breast and prostate cancers, is a challenge. Towards achieving our aim of identification of targets specific to SBC, we constructed a 'Cancer Genes Network', a representative protein interactome of cancer genes. Using graph theoretical methods, we obtained a set of key genes that are relevant for generic mechanisms of cancers and have a role in biological essentiality. We also compiled a curated dataset of 391 SBC genes from published literature which serves as a basis of ontological correlates of secondary bone cancer. Building on these results, we implement a strategy based on generic cancer genes, SBC genes and gene ontology enrichment method, to obtain a set of targets that are specific to bone metastasis. Through this study, we present an approach for probing one of the major complications in cancers, namely, metastasis. The results on genes that play generic roles in cancer phenotype, obtained by network analysis of 'Cancer Genes Network', have broader implications in understanding the role of molecular regulators in mechanisms of cancers. Specifically, our study provides a set of potential targets that are of ontological and regulatory relevance to secondary bone cancer.
Detection of Emotions during Learning with AutoTutor (2006)

The relationship between emotions and learning was investigated by tracking the affective states that college students experienced while interacting with AutoTutor, an intelligent tutoring system with conversational dialogue.An emotionally responsive tutor would presumably facilitate learning, but this would only occur if learner emotions can be accurately identified.After a learning session with AutoTutor, the affective states of the learner were classified by the learner, a peer, and judges trained on Ekman's Facial Action Coding system.The classification of the trained judges was more reliable and matched the learners much better than the low scores of untrained peers.This result suggests that peer tutors may be limited in detecting the affective states of peer learners.Classification accuracy was poor at constant intervals of polling (every 20 seconds) but much higher when individuals declared that an affect state had been experienced.
<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGD-e Biofilms: No Mushrooms but a Network of Knitted Chains (2008)

Listeria monocytogenes is a food pathogen that can attach on most of the surfaces encountered in the food industry. Biofilms are three-dimensional microbial structures that facilitate the persistence of pathogens on surfaces, their resistance toward antimicrobials, and the final contamination of processed goods. So far, little is known about the structural dynamics of L. monocytogenes biofilm formation and its regulation. The aims of this study were, by combining genetics and time-lapse laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), (i) to characterize the structural dynamics of L. monocytogenes EGD-e sessile growth in two nutritional environments (with or without a nutrient flow), and (ii) to evaluate the possible role of the L. monocytogenes agr system during biofilm formation by tracking the spatiotemporal fluorescence expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter system. In the absence of nutrient flow (static conditions), unstructured biofilms composed of a few layers of cells that covered the substratum were observed. In contrast, when grown under dynamic conditions, L. monocytogenes EGD-e biofilms were highly organized. Indeed, ball-shaped microcolonies were surrounded by a network of knitted chains. The spatiotemporal tracking of fluorescence emitted by the GFP reporter system revealed that agr expression was barely detectable under static conditions, but it progressively increased during 40 h under dynamic conditions. Moreover, spatial analysis revealed that agr was expressed preferentially in cells located outside the microcolonies. Finally, the in-frame deletion of agrA, which encodes a transcriptional regulator, resulted in a decrease in initial adherence without affecting the subsequent biofilm development.
Opportunistic Feedback Assisted Scheduling and Resource Allocation in OFDMA Systems (2006)

This paper proposes an efficient channel information feedback method to minimize feedback overhead without performance loss for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) frequency division duplexing (FDD) systems in time-varying channel. The proposed best M users' best L subbands feedback method can significantly reduce the feedback overhead. The proposed scheme utilizes the property of the proposed fair (PF) scheduler that most of the subbands are assigned to the users with high average SNR by time selectivity of channel and some high SNR subbands are assigned to the users by frequency selectivity. For adaptive implementation, the threshold assisted feedback method is proposed. In the numerical results, it is showed that the feedback overhead of the proposed scheme is about 12% of the full CSI feedback method with little throughput loss when the number of users is 50
Advancement of Hydro-Desulfurization Catalyst and Discussion of Its Application in Coal Tar (2013)

This paper describes the influences of active metal, promoter and chelating agent on the properties of hydro-desulfuri-zationcatalyst. The use of chelating agent, especially its combination with common promoters e.g., EDTA-P, has an important meaning to develop highly active catalyst, specifically to unify the active metal dispersion degree and sulfurization degree in some extent, however, they are contradictory in conventional cognition. In the aspect of carriers, composition and nanometer carriers have more excellent performances in acidity, pores structureand metal-carrier interaction than common carriers, and are the developing trend in the future and should be a breakthrough mainly in preparation methods. We also pointed out the decisive factors to improve the activity of the catalyst: higher sulfurization degree of active metal oxide and higher aspect ratios of active phase crystal morphology, and the proper acidity and pores structure can be considered the key factors for deep desulfurization whose mainly obstacle is the desulfurization of large rigid molecules, e.g., dibenzothiophene and 4, 6-dimethyl substituted dibenzothiophene. Based on above that, We discussed the suitable hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst for coal tar, aiming at providing some theoretical guidance for the “design” of coal tar HDS catalyst.
<i>O</i>-GlcNAc Cycling Enzymes Associate with the Translational Machinery and Modify Core Ribosomal Proteins (2010)

Protein synthesis is globally regulated through posttranslational modifications of initiation and elongation factors. Recent high-throughput studies have identified translation factors and ribosomal proteins (RPs) as substrates for the O-GlcNAc modification. Here we determine the extent and abundance of O-GlcNAcylated proteins in translational preparations. O-GlcNAc is present on many proteins that form active polysomes. We identify twenty O-GlcNAcylated core RPs, of which eight are newly reported. We map sites of O-GlcNAc modification on four RPs (L6, L29, L32, and L36). RPS6, a component of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, follows different dynamics of O-GlcNAcylation than nutrient-induced phosphorylation. We also show that both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes OGT and OGAse strongly associate with cytosolic ribosomes. Immunofluorescence experiments demonstrate that OGAse is present uniformly throughout the nucleus, whereas OGT is excluded from the nucleolus. Moreover, nucleolar stress only alters OGAse nuclear staining, but not OGT staining. Lastly, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of OGT, but not of OGAse or GFP control, causes an accumulation of 60S subunits and 80S monosomes. Our results not only establish that O-GlcNAcylation extensively modifies RPs, but also suggest that O-GlcNAc play important roles in regulating translation and ribosome biogenesis.
A highly parallel AES-GCM core for authenticated encryption of 400 Gb/s network protocols (2015)

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) together with the Galois Counter Mode (GCM) of operation has been approved for use in several high throughput network protocols to provide authenticated encryption. However, the demand for continued increase in network bandwidth has not abated and we anticipate the need for continual performance improvement of AES-GCM in hardware. Additionally, as data interfaces become wider and segmented, existing methods of GCM parallelization become inefficient. This paper presents a novel scalable architecture for highly parallel implementations of AES-GCM that can process multiple separately-keyed packets simultaneously every clock cycle. We demonstrate throughputs of 482 Gb/s in a single Xilinx Virtex Ultrascale FPGA and describe how the architecture can be used to achieve over 800 Gb/s in a system comprising multiple FPGAs.
<i>GATA3</i> mutations define a unique subtype of luminal‐like breast cancer with improved survival (2014)

GATA3 mutations mainly occur in patients with luminal-like breast cancer and have identifiable clinicopathologic and genetic characteristics, highlighting a subgroup of patients with breast cancer in whom limited therapy may be appropriate.
BORN TO CLOT: THE EUROPEAN BURDEN (1999)

We read with interest the report by 1) in which the authors stated that venous thrombosis is a European disease explained in part by the factor V Leiden mutation and the G20210A prothrombin variant. Both abnormalities are extremely rare in the Asian population, as is thromboembolic disease. Moreover, there is little data on rates of thrombosis within different ethnic groups. However, our experience in Bradford suggests that inherited thrombophilia and the incidence of venous thrombosis are higher than expected in the Asian population. Bradford Royal Infirmary serves a total population 457 344 with the following ethnic distribution: Caucasian 84%, Asian 13.9% (comprising Pakistani 9.9%, Indian 2.6%, Bangladeshi 0.8%, other Asian 0.8%), Chinese 0.2%, Black Caribbean 0.7%, Black African 0.4% and other populations 0.7% as defined by 4). We currently have 26 Asian patients out of 365 attending the anticoagulant clinic as a result of venous thromboembolic disorders and also 24 Asian patients recorded on the thrombophilia register ( Table I). We do not have any Asian patients registered with the G20210A prothrombin variant but several have protein C or protein S deficiencies. The factor V Leiden mutation, however, was the most common defect detected. This is much higher than found previously in Asians ( 2); it may be a result of intercultural marriages, although this does not seem common in Bradford. In support of our findings, a recent publication found 39% of a cohort of 56 Indian patients presenting with deep vein thrombosis below the age of 45 had activated protein C resistance, compared to only 1/50 matched controls ( 3). Although our numbers are small, the data suggest inherited thrombophilia may be more of a problem in the Asian population than previously thought.
Noise Suppression Technology for DTP-PMSM Based on Dual Random Modulation Strategy (2019)

Randomized modulation technology can effectively suppress high frequency noise in motor drive application. This paper is devoted to issues in synthesis of randomized modulation schemes and proposes a dual random PWM technology based on two-state Markov chain and pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS). This combined type of randomized modulation can make the switching cycle more evenly distributed and significantly suppress the high frequency noise focused on the switching frequency and its integer multiples. We focus on the power spectra of certain associated waveforms. Furthermore, the DTP-PMSM model with random PWM has been built to evaluate the effect with random PWM modulations based on four methods including conventional method, Markov chains, PRBS and the method combining Markov chain with PRBS. The simulation results prove that proposed PWM strategy possesses excellent harmonic power spreading ability and high frequency noise suppression capability.