gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding of platelet‐derived growth factor and low density lipoproteins to glycosaminoglycan species produced by human arterial smooth muscle cells (1995)

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) binds via a defined amino acid sequence to heparin (Fager et al., 1992, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol., 28A:176-180) and the protein moiety of low density lipoproteins (LDL; apo B-100) via a similar sequence to chondroitin sulfate (Camejo et al., 1988, Arteriosclerosis Thromb., 8:368-377). In this study, synthetic oligopeptides were used to explore the capacity of smooth muscle cell-derived glycosaminoglycans to bind to the critical sequences of PDGF and apo B-100. In vitro, proliferating human arterial smooth muscle cells synthesized twice as much proteoglycans as did quiescent cells. The dominating glycosaminoglycan side chains were chondroitin and heparan sulfates in secreted and cell-associated proteoglycans, respectively. The chondroitin sulfate-rich proteoglycans had a higher molecular size and were to a larger extent secreted into the culture medium than the heparan and dermatan sulfate-rich proteoglycans. Heparan, dermatan, and chondroitin sulfates bound to the PDGF-derived oligopeptide with affinities similar to those of heparin. However, while heparan and dermatan sulfates both inhibited DNA synthesis in human arterial smooth muscle cells, chondroitin sulfate had no such inhibitory effect. Like the PDGF-derived oligopeptide, the apo B-100-derived oligopeptide bound to these glycosaminoglycans. At the same time, both oligopeptides displaced bound LDL from chondroitin sulfate in vitro and released the block on DNA synthesis in smooth muscle cells that heparin induced in culture. Thus, chondroitin, dermatan, and heparan sulfates produced by arterial smooth muscle cells may bind LDL and PDGF competitively in atherogenesis but only heparan and dermatan sulfates inhibit cellular DNA synthesis. LDL and PDGF deposition may occur by binding to similar binding sites on glycosaminoglycans derived from smooth muscle cells within atherosclerotic lesions.
Ultrasonic Treatment with Gas Purging as a Quick Aging Treatment for Wine (1963)

Previous generally favorable but conflicting reports of the effectiveness of quick aging treatments with ultrasound have been clarified by further experiments. Detailed sensory and chemical analyses are reported on five types of wine treated with hydrogen peroxide and with nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, air, and oxygen, alone and combined with ultrasound. Definite effects were produced, yet the wines could not be considered overtreated. At least under the conditions tested, the effects of ultrasound do not appear promising as a quick means of improving wine quality. Acceleration of oxidation by ultrasound in the presence of air or oxygen was demonstrated. However, in at least some samples, a readily detected odor and flavor difference was produced by the ultrasound treatment in all of the wine types and with every gas. In a majority of cases, this difference was described as a scorched flavor. Although this special flavor introduced by ultrasound was not highly unpleasant, at least at the levels produced here, overall quality scores were generally slightly lowered, complexity or richness of flavor not appreciably improved, and other factors (such as grape aroma) unfavorably affected by ultrasound. Hydrogen produced a very low redox potential in wine without also producing bottle bouquet, proving that no direct cause-and-effect relation exists between the two. Otherwise, hydrogen, nitrogen, and (except for solubility) carbon dioxide appeared rather inert toward wine. Air and oxygen produced changes attributable to oxidation. Ultrasound accelerated this oxidation, and, for studying the chemistry of such reactions, may have some uses. Since the flavor changes produced in wine by ultrasound appear to require fairly prolonged treatment, other applications, such as aiding in degassing or facilitating extraction from oak wood, may be worth investigation for possible use in wine processing.
Prospect of GaN light-emitting diodes grown on glass substrates (2013)

We report the enhanced electroluminescence (EL) of GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on glass substrates. We found that GaN morphology affected the EL and achieved enhanced EL of GaN-LEDs on glass by identifying the optimal GaN morphology having both high crystallinity and compatibility for device fabrication. At proper growth temperature, GaN crystallinity was improved with increasing GaN crystal size irrespective of the GaN crystallographic orientation, as determined by spatially resolved cathodoluminescent spectroscopy. The optimized GaN LEDs on glass composed of the nearly single-crystalline GaN pyramid arrays exhibited excellent microscopic EL uniformity and luminance values of ~ 9100 cd/m<sup>2</sup> at the peak wavelength of 495 nm. The EL color could be adjusted mainly by varying the quantum well temperature. In addition, new growth methods for achieving high GaN crystallinity at a low growth temperature (e.g. ~700°C) were briefly reviewed and attempted by adopting selective heating. We expect that performance of the GaN LEDs on glass can be much enhanced by enhancing GaN crystallinity and p-GaN coating, and evolvement of low-temperature growth of high-quality GaN might even customize ordinary glass as a substrate, which enables high-performance, low-cost lighting or display.
High-level synthesis for large bit-width multipliers on FPGAs (2005)

In this paper, we present the analysis, design and implementation of an estimator to realize large bit width unsigned integer multiplier units. Larger multiplier units are required for cryptography and error correction circuits for more secure and reliable transmissions over highly insecure and/or noisy channels in networking and multimedia applications. The design space for these circuits is very large when integer multiplication on large operands is carried out hierarchically. In this paper, we explore automated synthesis of high bit-width unsigned integer multiplier circuits by defining and validating an estimator function used in search and analysis of the design space of such circuits. We focus on analysis of a hybrid hierarchical multiplier scheme that combines the throughput advantages of parallel multipliers and the resource cost-effectiveness of serial ones. We present an analytical model that rapidly predicts timing and resource usage for selected model candidates. We evaluate the estimator model in the design of a practical application, a 256-bit elliptic curve adder implemented on a Xilinx FPGA fabric. We show that our estimator allows implementation of fast, efficient circuits, where resultant designs provide order-of-magnitude performance improvements when compared with that of software implementations on a high performance computing platform.
Comparison of in vivo and ex vivo cellular structure in rabbit eyes detected by tandem scanning microscopy (1992)

Using the tandem scanning microscope, in vivo confocal microscopic images of living eyes were compared to images obtained from ex vivo, freshly enucleated or fixed tissue in the rabbit. In the normal cornea, microscopic details of the superficial epithelium, basal lamina, stromal fibrocyte nuclei, nerves and endothelial cell borders were easily discernible. Removal of the eye from the intact animal resulted in loss of detail with distortion of the normal structural interrelationships within the corneal stroma whilst enhancing details of the corneal epithelium. Formalin fixation further enhanced details of the basal and suprabasal corneal epithelial cell nuclei and the stromal fibrocyte cell borders whilst inducing prominent brightly reflecting folds in the thickened stroma with concomitant enhancement of the edge contrast of the collagen lamellae. These changes appeared to be related, in part, to hydration of the cornea and artefactual pooling of water between structures that may enhance reflectivity by increasing the difference between the refractive index of the cellular and extracellular elements. We conclude that microscopic examination of ex vivo preparations of corneal tissue, although providing increased resolution similar to conventional light microscopic techniques, significantly altered the normal structural relationships and could lead to erroneous measurements of the physiological properties of the tissue as compared to in vivo microscopy of undisturbed, intact tissue.
“Special delivery” to cancer cells (2002)

Despite 20 years of clinical trials, systemically administered interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces clinical responses in only a very small minority of patients with only a few types of cancer. Based on the assumption that the results are limited largely by inadequate concentrations of IL-2 at the tumor
Effect of different implant abutment materials on optical properties of translucent monolithic zirconia crowns (2025)

Color outcomes of translucent monolithic zirconia crowns are strongly influenced by the abutment material and zirconia brand. Zirconia abutments help minimize color deviation, while metallic abutments-especially pink Ti-may produce clinically perceptible shade changes.
The Use of Chloramine for Reduction of Trihalomethanes and Disinfection of Drinking Water (1979)

One part of the proposed organics regulations prohibits use of chloramine as primary disinfectant on the grounds that it is a poor biocide. One water department that has used chloramine as a primary disinfectant for over 30 years describes its biocidal effectiveness as measured under actual treatment plant conditions.
Progress on diamond amplified photo-cathode (2011)

Two years ago, we obtained an emission gain of 40 from the Diamond Amplifier Cathode (DAC) in our test system. In our current systematic study of hydrogenation, the highest gain we registered in emission scanning was 178. We proved that our treatments for improving the diamond amplifiers are reproducible. Upcoming tests planned include testing DAC in a RF cavity. Already, we have designed a system for these tests using our 112 MHz superconducting cavity, wherein we will measure DAC parameters, such as the limit, if any, on emission current density, the bunch charge, and the bunch length. The diamond-amplified photocathode, that promises to support a high average current, low emittance, and a highly stable electron beam with a long lifetime, is under development for an electron source. The diamond, functioning as a secondary emitter amplifies the primary current, with a few KeV energy, that comes from the traditional cathode. Earlier, our group recorded a maximum gain of 40 in the secondary electron emission from a diamond amplifier. In this article, we detail our optimization of the hydrogenation process for a diamond amplifier that resulted in a stable emission gain of 140. We proved that these characteristics are reproducible. We now are designing a system to test the diamond amplifier cathode using an 112MHz SRF gun to measure the limits of the emission current's density, and on the bunch charge and bunch length.
Linear polyurethanes made from threitol: Acetalized and hydroxylated polymers (2008)

Abstract A set of novel linear polyurethanes was synthesized by reaction in solution of 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or 4,4′‐methylene‐bis(phenyl diisocyanate) with 2,3‐acetalized threitols, specifically, 2,3‐ O ‐methylidene‐ L ‐threitol and 2,3‐ O ‐isopropylidene‐ D ‐threitol. The polyurethanes containing acetalized threitols had weight‐average molecular weights between 40,000 and 65,000 Da. Most of them were amorphous and they displayed T g higher than their unsubstituted analogs. Deprotection of acetalized polyurethanes by treatment with acid allowed preparing semicrystalline polyurethanes bearing two free hydroxyl groups in the repeating unit. The crystalline structure and crystallizability of the hydroxylated polyurethane made from HDI were investigated taken as reference the polyurethane made from 1,4‐butanediol and HDI. The hydrolytic degradability of threitol derived polyurethanes was comparatively evaluated under a variety of conditions. Highest degradation rates were obtained upon incubation at pH 10 at temperatures above T g , the aliphatic hydroxylated polyurethane being the fastest degrading compound. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7996–8012, 2008
β-catenin localization during <i>Xenopus</i> embryogenesis: accumulation at tissue and somite boundaries (1994)

beta-catenin is a cytoplasmic protein associated with cadherin adhesion molecules and has been implicated in axis formation in Xenopus (McCrea, P. D., Brieher, W. M. and Gumbiner, B. M. (1993) J. Cell Biol. 127, 477-484). We have studied its distribution in Xenopus embryos by immunofluorescence on frozen sections. Consistent with its function in cell-cell adhesion, beta-catenin is present in every cell. However, high levels are expressed in certain regions and different tissues of the embryo. No simple correlation appears to exist between the levels of beta-catenin with the expected strength of adhesion. High levels of beta-catenin were found in regions undergoing active morphogenetic movements, such as the marginal zone of blastulae and gastrulae. This suggests that high expression of beta-catenin could be involved in dynamic adhesion events. Surprisingly, beta-catenin also accumulates on plasma membranes that probably do not establish direct or strong contacts with other cells. In particular, high amounts of beta-catenin are found transiently at boundaries between tissue anlagen and at the intersomitic boundaries. This unexpected pattern of beta-catenin expression raises the possibility that this molecule participates in developmental processes, perhaps independently of its classical role in cell-cell adhesion.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE WEBERIAN APPARATUS IN THE SILURI (1964)

The Weberian apparatus of Siluri with fully developed swimbladders is described. and comparisons are made with the Cyprini. Special attention is paid to the histology of the soft parts. The reduced encapsulated swimbladders of Clarias, Plecostomus (Loricariidae) and Hoplostemum (Callichthyidae) are described, and the homologies of the parts of their capsules and the mechanisms of their Weberian apparatus considered. It is suggested that reduction of the swimbladder in such forms is in adaptation to life on the bottom or in compensation for the hydrostatic effect of accessory respiratory organs, and that encapsulation is due to the bony parts concerned not being correspondingly reduced.
Structured mesoporous Mn, Fe, and Co oxides: Synthesis, physicochemical, and catalytic properties (2014)

Structured mesoporous Mn, Fe, and Co oxides are synthesized using “soft” and “hard” templates; the resulting materials are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, and TG. It is shown that in the first case, the oxides have high surface areas of up to 450 m2/g that are preserved after calcination of the material up to 300°C. Even though, the surface area of the oxides prepared by the “hard-template” method does not exceed 100 m2/g; it is, however, thermally stable up to 500°C. Catalytic activity of mesoporous oxides in methanol conversion was found to depend on both the nature of the transition metal and the type of template used in synthesis.
[Significance of special reimbursement and case sums in visceral surgery]. (1997)

From the new payment system of procedure (covering anesthesia and surgery with all personal and material costs) or case related payment (including all costs of operation and hospital stay, medical as well as room-and-care and administrative), in 1996 for all German hospitals obligatory introduced, 22 respectively 9 concern abdominal surgery. The calculation of the prizes, carried out nation wide in reference hospitals, with defined point numbers in the whole republic and different point values in singular countries, are very questionable in their economic value. Before the introduction of these reimbursement systems it is necessary to calculate the hospital specific costs, to analyze possible savings of resources through rationalization and to estimate prospectively the expected case numbers. In consequence increasing economic responsibility comes up to the surgeon.
Prostatitis: Infection, neuromuscular disorder, or pain syndrome? Proper patient classification is key. (2007)

Prostatitis is a broad term used to describe inflammation of the prostate that may be associated with a myriad of lower urinary tract symptoms and symptoms of sexual discomfort and dysfunction. The condition affects 5% to 10% of the male population and is the most common urologic diagnosis in men younger than 50 years. Prostatitis is classified into four categories, including acute and chronic bacterial forms, a chronic abacterial form, and an asymptomatic form. The bacterial forms are more readily recognized and treated, but symptoms in most affected men are not found to have an infectious cause. Indeed, chronic abacterial prostatitis (also known as chronic pelvic pain syndrome) is both the most prevalent form and also the least understood and the most challenging to evaluate and treat. This form of prostatitis may respond to non-prostate-centered treatment strategies such as physical therapy, myofascial trigger point release, and relaxation techniques. Because the various forms of prostatitis call for vastly different treatment approaches, appropriate evaluation, testing, and differential diagnosis are crucial to effective management.
Changes in plasma endothelin-1 levels reflect clinical response to β-blockade in chronic heart failure (1996)

Plasma levels of endothelin-1 are elevated in patients with chronic heart failure; however, it is unknown whether changes in plasma endothelin-1 levels accurately reflect clinical response to therapy in these patients. To determine this, we measured plasma endothelin-1 in addition to functional, hemodynamic, and other neurohormonal parameters as part of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the beta-blocker vasodilator carvedilol in patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure. Patients were assigned (2:1 randomization) to receive carvedilol (25 mg twice daily, n = 10) or placebo (n = 5) for 14 weeks, with evaluations made before and after therapy. Compared to patients receiving placebo, patients receiving carvedilol improved significantly as assessed by the parameters described. These changes were paralleled by significant falls in endothelin-1 with carvedilol (-2.1 + 3.8 pg/ml) in comparison to placebo (2.2 + 3.9 pg/ml; p < 0.05 for between-group differences). Changes in endothelin-1 after treatment in both groups correlated significantly with changes in symptom severity, New York Heart Association class, 6-minute walk distance (r = 0.64 to 0.80; p < 0.05), hemodynamic parameters (ejection fraction, right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, right atrial pressure, and stroke volume index; r = 0.54 to 0.86; p < 0.05), and neurohormonal parameters (serum aldosterone and plasma norepinephrine (r = 0.74 to 0.76; p < 0.05). By stepwise regression analysis, change in endothelin-1 was an independent, noninvasive predictor of functional and hemodynamic responses to therapy in these patients. These findings suggest that endothelin-1 accurately reflects functional, hemodynamic, and neurohormonal responses to beta-blocker therapy in patients with congestive heart failure. Measurement of endothelin-1 may therefore be a useful, noninvasive approach to the evaluation of clinical response to drug therapy in these patients.
New topics in superconductivity research (2006)

Preface Hot Electron Non Equilibrium High Temperature Superconductor THz Radiation Sensing and the Integrated Electron Cooling Use of Acoustic Emission in Studying High-Tc Superconducting Phenomena Van Hove scenario for High Tc Superconductors Studies of YBC Electromagnetic Properties for High-Temperature Superconductor Maglev Technology Study of High Temperature Superconductor Studies of Cu-based High Temperature Superconductors by Using Coincidence Doppler Broadening of the Electron Positron Annihilation Radiation Measurement Technique Comparative Study of Statistics of Coopers Electron Pairs in Low-Temperature Superconductors and Coupled Holes Pairs in High Tc Ceramics United Explanation for the Nine Features of Inhomogeneities of Gap and Superconductivity in the High-Tc Cuprates About the Superconductivity Theory Index.
Focused ion beam induced structural modifications in thin magnetic films (2012)

Focused ion beam techniques are one way to modify locally the properties of magnetic thin films. We report on structural investigations of 50 nm thick non-ordered nano-crystalline Permalloy (Ni81Fe19) films modified by 30 keV Ga+ focused ion beam (FIB) irradiation. From the x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements a considerable crystallite growth and a material texturing towards (111)-direction with a linearly increasing lattice constant was observed. In addition, cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (XTEM) images show that crystallites are growing through the entire film at high irradiation fluences. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis shows a perfect near-order coordination corresponding to a face-centered (fcc) unit cell for both Fe, Ni and Ga atom surrounding. The structural changes are accompanied by a decrease of saturation polarization with increasing ion fluence. Such a behavior is attributed to the incorporation of non-magnetic Ga atoms in the Permalloy film.
The Prevalence of Open-angle Glaucoma Among Blacks and Whites 73 Years and Older (2006)

Many older individuals have open-angle glaucoma, and black persons 75 years and older have substantially higher rates than whites. These findings have important implications for public health initiatives, in which screening programs may be of benefit.
Successful multi-channel strategy: mixing marketing and logistical issues (2016)

Purpose When a company simultaneously manages several distribution channels, there are important issues regarding the sharing of marketing and logistical resources. This paper aims to discuss the integration of sales staff, communication and logistical operations to improve service delivery to multi-channel consumers. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a literature review regarding multi-channel strategy to build a conceptual framework. This framework is discussed using three illustrations from the French multi-channel distribution field (King Jouet, Fnac and Darty). Findings The exploratory research underlines the importance of information about how consumers order in different channels. This makes the global management of different channels difficult and threatens marketing and logistical sharing. Practical implications The integration process is becoming increasingly important in service recovery. Companies must therefore facilitate total access to logistical information. This requires an organisational interaction between marketing and the supply chain activities. Originality/value The paper underlines the importance of the integration process in service recovery management, particularly when a defective product must be replaced and a new product be made available to consumers.
Probing the structure of freely suspended smectic-<i>A</i>films by optical second-harmonic generation (1986)

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) was used to probe the structure of freely suspended films of 4'-n-octyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) in the smectic-A phase. The intensity of the SHG from ultrathin films with thickness varying from 2 to 10 molecular layers appeared quantized, but its behavior suggested no modifications of molecular arrangement in the layers in the presence of the two ``free'' surfaces. A macroscopic theory for the SHG from a film with stratified nonlinear susceptibility is presented and compared with the experimental observation.
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes for Nanoelectronic and Photovoltaic Applications (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes Properties and Applications Conclusion References