gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of RF Parallel-Plate Discharges (1986)

The intensity distribution along the discharge axis in a parallel-plate RF-glow discharge was measured in the pressure range of 80 mtorr to 1 torr in nitrogen, argon, and mixtures including attaching gases. Time-averaged spectroscopic measurements showed that the large intensity variations are caused by variations in electron density, at least in the space between electrodes and intensity maxima. In this space, the electron temperature was found to be constant; it decreases towards the center of the discharge. With decreasing pressure, in gases with lower collision frequency and at lower RF frequencies, the intensity peaks move away from the electrodes. Adding an attaching gas made the intensity distribution more uniform. A dc bias voltage on one electrode does not alter the distribution until very high voltages are applied. Time-resolved measurements indicate intensity peaks initially moving away from the electrode negative at a particular half-cycle of the RF frequency with intensities corresponding to the averaged distributions. The peaks are attenuated beyond the maximum, and their velocity increases towards the center and can become negative in time. A simple model including time- and spatially varying oscillations shows the same behavior.
An Adaptive Dual-Mode Coder/Decoder for Television Signals (1971)

An adaptive dual-mode coding system for television signals is described. Its main features are a low bit rate (1.5 bits per sample), the high quality of the reproduced picture, and its moderate hardware. The system is based on the statistical properties of video signals. Specifically, it makes use of the nonuniform spectrum of video signals in the form of a differential scheme containing linear prediction. Furthermore, areas of small amplitude changes between consecutive samples whose probability of occurrence is high are encoded with a reduced coding alphabet. Transients representing sharp edges in the picture are encoded and reproduced with little slope overload and busyness. A method for the buffering of the asynchronous data stream produced by the coder to match a synchronous channel is given.
Screening of Some Tropical Vegetables for Anti-tyrosinase Activity (2007)

Various tropical vegetables have been known for their anti-tyrosinase activity which could be potentially prepared for skinwhitening or anti-browning preparations. This study aimed to test anti-tyrosinase activity in 16 tropical vegetables from 10 families using mushroom tyrosinase inhibition method. Each plant was extracted with four solvents including hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50% propylene glycol. The results showed that 2 plant extracts, Momordica charantia in methanol and Raphanus sativus in 50% propylene glycol, exerted a considerable level of in vitro mushroom tyrosinase inhibition (78.98% and 88% respectively) compared to positive controls of kojic acid in the same solvent systems (65% inhibition in methanol and 82% inhibition in 50% propylene glycol). Further study is needed to identify phytochemical compounds with anti-tyrosinase activity in Momordica charantia and Raphanus sativus.
Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes with Cathodes Printed from Conducting Ag Paste (2007)

All-printable polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) are realized by the development of a new bilayer cathode that combines Ag paste with aminoalkyl- substituted polyfluorenes. PLEDs with a printed Ag-paste cathode (see figure) show comparable device performance to those devices incorporating a low-work-function cathode (Ba/Al) that is deposited thermally.
Bacterial Carotenoids. XLVI. C50-Carotenoids. 14. C50-Carotenoids from Arthrobacter glacialis. (1975)

From the psychrophilic bacterium Arthrobacter glacialis have been isolated three C50-carotenoids with molecular formulae C50H72O2: the bicyclic decaprenoxanthin (1a, 7% of total carotenoids), the aliphatic bisanhydrobacterioruberin (2a, 10%) and the monocyclic A.g. 470 (3a, 83%). Decaprenoxanthin (1) and bisanhydrobacterioruberin (2) were in all respects, including chiroptical properties, identical with known carotenoids. The constitution of the previously undescribed A.g. 470 (3a) followed from its spectral properties (electronic, 1H NMR including Eu-shift experiments and mass spectra) and derivatization to 3b and 3c. 3a suffered remarkable elimination to the tridecaene 4a (C47H64O) upon DMSO/KOMe/MeOH treatment. Judged by CD data A.g. 470 (3a) also in stereochemical respect 3a appears to be half decaprenoxanthin (1a)+half bisanhydrobacterioruberin (2a). The intensity ratios of the M-92/M-106 ions on electron impact of 3a,b,c and 4a,b are consistent with the general theory.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Lessons from Stem Cell Niches <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

In vivo the stem cell niche is an essential component in controlling and maintaining the stem cells' ability to survive and respond to injury. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) appear to be an exception to this rule as they can be removed from their blastocytic microenvironment and maintained indefinitely in vitro. However, recent observations reveal the existence of an autonomously derived in vitro hESC niche. This provides a previously unappreciated mechanism to control hESC expansion and differentiation. Recognizing this, it may now be possible to take aspects of in vivo stem cell niches, namely extracellular matrices, paracrine signals and accessory cell types, and exploit them in order to gain fidelity in directed hESC differentiation. In doing so, routine customization of hESC lines and their application in regenerative therapies may be further enhanced using unique hESC niche-based approaches.
Comparison of prime code, extended prime code and quadratic congruence code using a normalized throughput metric (2004)

In this paper the performance of prime code, extended prime code and quadratic congruence code for optical CDMA networks is analyzed with respect to a normalized throughput metric. The code analysis is carried out for a synchronous, random access, packet broadcast network including only multiple access interference. This metric is based on the network throughput normalized with respect to the size of the code, and has the qualities that are desired in a figure of merit for optical CDMA networks. Optical orthogonal codes are compared using the normalized throughput metric. The optimum codes that maximize the throughput are obtained for different traffic conditions. It is observed that extended prime code outperforms the original prime code in probability of bit error but when compared using this normalized throughput metric prime codes perform better than extended prime code and quadratic congruence code over a wide range of offered loads.
Effect of composition on sizes of W/O ethanolamine-oleic acid microemulsions by small-angle neutron scattering (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of composition on sizes of W/O ethanolamine-oleic acid microemulsions by small-angle neutron scatteringE. Caponetti, A. Lizzio, R. Triolo, A. L. Compere, W. L. Griffith, and J. S. Johnson Jr.Cite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 2, 357–363Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/la00086a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (837 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly efficient triggered emission of single photons by colloidal CdSe∕ZnS nanocrystals (2004)

We demonstrate the realization of a highly efficient triggered source of single photons emitted by colloidal CdSe∕ZnS nanocrystals at room temperature. Under pulsed excitation, the fluorescence of single nanocrystals excited close to saturation exhibits a perfect antibunching and the probability to detect a single emitted photon per excitation pulse reaches 3%, comparable to the best values reported for other emitters. Without any correction, the probability of simultaneously emitting two photons is 25 times lower than for a faint pulsed laser. Combined with recent reports on the reduction of fluorescence intermittency, these results indicate that CdSe∕ZnS nanocrystals are promising single-photon sources.
[Results of preoperative autotransfusion with ferrous ascorbate prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery patients]. (1996)

As opposed to others, we feel that iron treatment should be maintained up to 2 months after surgery since better results are thus attained. Recombinant erythropoietin is more expensive a method. Ferrous ascorbate is better tolerated than ferrous sulphate plus additives.
Imaging of High-Risk Plaque (2003)

'High-risk' or 'vulnerable' plaques in the coronary arteries have characteristics that make them more prone to disruption and subsequent thrombosis -- the mechanisms of most acute coronary syndromes (ACS). There are a number of imaging modalities that are capable of visualizing these features. This article discusses invasive modalities for identifying 'high-risk' plaque such as intravascular ultrasound, coronary angioscopy, optical coherence tomography, near-infrared spectroscopy and coronary thermography. It also discusses the use of noninvasive modalities such as computed tomography MRI and ultrasound. When these imaging modalities are combined with standard cardiac risk factors and more novel markers of systemic inflammation and thrombogenicity we can improve our ability to identify the 'high-risk' patient.
Major growth reduction and minor decrease in mitochondrial enzyme activity in cultured human muscle cells after exposure to zidovudine (1992)

Zidovudine-induced mitochondrial myopathy in AIDS patients reported recently might be due to inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma. We investigated the effect of zidovudine on proliferation, differentiation, activity of mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded enzymes, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), in cultured human muscle cells. Marked inhibition of cell proliferation was found, even in the presence of low (10 mumol/L) zidovudine concentrations. Enzyme activity of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial citrate synthase was not affected, and the partially mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome c oxidase was not decreased, except only after exposure to high concentrations (5 mmol/L) zidovudine. No decrease of mtDNA content and no mtDNA deletions were found in zidovudine-exposed muscle cells. We propose that the effect of zidovudine on muscle, seen in zidovudine-treated AIDS patients, results mainly from decrease in proliferation of muscle cells rather than inhibition of mtDNA replication.
Human estrogen receptor mutants with altered estrogen and antiestrogen ligand discrimination. (1992)

A structural characteristic of many antiestrogens (AEs) is a bulky side chain with basic or polar functional groups that may interact with charged and polar amino acids near the hormone-binding site in the estrogen receptor. Recently, we have identified Cys530 as the residue of the human estrogen receptor that is the site of covalent labeling by aziridine analogs of estrogens (Es) and AEs (Harlow, K. W., Smith, D. N., Katzenellenbogen, J. A., Greene, G. L., and Katzenellenbogen, B. S. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 17476-17485). Since the aziridine function is on the bulky side chain of these ligands, Cys530 must be at or near the site of those side chain interactions. To probe these interactions, we have, by site-directed mutagenesis, made mutant human estrogen receptors in which charged and polar amino acids near Cys530 are changed (Glu523 to Gln, Lys529 and Lys531 to Gln, Asn532 to Asp, and Asp538 to Asn) so as to alter charge with minimal steric alteration. These receptors were expressed in mammalian (Chinese hamster ovary or COS-1) cells and assayed for their binding affinity for Es and AEs, their interaction with estrogen-responsive element DNA, and their ability to activate or suppress transcription of estrogen-responsive reporter genes. Two of the estrogen receptor mutants, KKN-QQD (mutation of Lys529, Lys531, and Asn532 to Gln529, Gln531, and Asp532, respectively) and KK-QQ (mutation of Lys529 and Lys531 to Gln529 and Gln531, respectively), in which the local charge is changed from +2 to -1 or 0, respectively, display an affinity for estradiol (E2) 5-10 times lower than that of the wild-type receptor, which is attributable to an enhanced rate of E2 dissociation. Although these mutant receptors have reduced affinity for a variety of Es, they retain unaltered affinity for AE. The profiles of transcriptional activation of reporter genes by various concentrations of E2 show that these two mutants (KKN-QQD and KK-QQ) require 40- and 15-fold higher E2 concentrations, respectively, to achieve half-maximal activity. In contrast, mutants E523Q and D538N, with changes at amino acids further from Cys530, were unaltered in their hormone binding and transactivation activity by E or AE. Interestingly, the AEs 4-hydroxytamoxifen, LY 117018, U 23469M, and ICI 164384 were 15-30-fold more effective in inhibiting E2-stimulated transcription by mutants KKN-QQD and KK-QQ compared to the wild-type receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A prototype automatic program testing tool (1972)

The measurement process plays a vital role in the quality assurance and testing of new hardware systems. To insure the reliability of the final hardware system, each stage of development incorporates performance standards and testing procedures. The establishment of software performance criteria has been very nebulous. At first the desire to "just get it working" prevailed in most software development efforts. With the increasing complexity of new and evolving software systems, improved measurement techniques are needed to facilitate disciplined program testing beyond merely debugging. The Program Testing Translator is an automatic tool designed to aid in the measurement and testing of software systems.
System Level Analysis of Hydrogen Storage Options (2006)

Oral pain and odontogenic infections are common reasons for patients to present to EDs and general medical practice in Australia. Although most odontogenic infections can be managed on an outpatient basis, because of their proximity to the airway, infections in this region can be life threatening, requiring urgent surgical intervention and ICU management. This article focuses on the emergency assessment, triage and non-specialist management of oral pain and odontogenic infections.
The Effect of Music, Imagery, and Relaxation on Adrenal Corticosteroids and the Re-entrainment of Circadian Rhythms (1985)

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of music, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), and guided imagery (GI) on the adrenal corticosteroids, or "stress hormones." Hypotheses were designed to evaluate the effect of a taped induction of music/PMR/GI on the mean level (1), circadian amplitude (2), and circadian re-entrainment with body temperature (3) of urinary corticosteroids. Urine collections and body temperature were recorded in shift-working nurses during three 4-5 day intervals over a 1-month period. The nurses listened to the tape on a daily basis, commencing after the first recording period. Results indicated that circadian amplitude decreased significantly (p = .007), and corticosteroid and temperature rhythms were significantly (p less than .01) more entrained during the tape conditions. The mean corticosteroid level also declined during tape listening, but nonsignificantly (p = .15). Because of the close relationship between corticosteroids and the immune system, these data suggest a relationship between music/relaxation techniques and physical health.
Principles of Coordination Polymerisation: Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis in Polymer Chemistry -- Polymerisation of Hydrocarbon, Heterocyclic and Heterounsaturated Monomers (2001)

Tribute to Witold Kuran.Preface. List of Symbols and Abbreviations.Introduction. General Features of Coordination Polymerisation. Coordination Polymerisation of Olefins. Coordination Polymerisation of Vinylaromatic Monomers. Coordination Polymerisation of Conjugated Dienes. Coordination Polymerisation of Cycloolefins. Coordination Polymerisation of Alkynes. Coordination Polycondensation. Coordination Polymerisation of Non-hydrocarbon (Heterocyclic and Heterounsaturated) Monomers.Index.
Attenuation, persistence, and vaccine potential of an Edwardsiella ictaluri purA mutant (1997)

In this study, an adenine-auxotrophic strain of Edwardsiella ictaluri was constructed and its virulence, tissue persistence, and vaccine efficacy were evaluated. A clone containing the purA gene was isolated from an E. ictaluri genomic library, sequenced, and shown to have an overall sequence identity of 79.3% at the nucleotide level and 85.7% at the amino acid level with the Escherichia coli purA gene. The cloned E. ictaluri purA gene was mutated by deleting a 598-bp segment of the gene and inserting the kanamycin resistance gene from Tn903 into the gap. The delta purA::Km(r) gene was subcloned into the suicide plasmid pGP704, and the resulting plasmid was used to deliver the modified gene into a virulent strain of E. ictaluri by conjugation. Homologous recombination replaced the chromosomal purA gene with the mutated gene to create an adenine-auxotrophic strain (LSU-E2). Compared to wild-type E. ictaluri, LSU-E2 was highly attenuated by the injection, immersion, and oral routes of exposure. By the injection route, LSU-E2 had a 50% lethal dose (LD50) that was greater than 5 logs10 higher than the LD50 for wild-type E. ictaluri. In a tissue persistence study, LSU-E2 was able to invade channel catfish by the immersion route and persist in internal organs for at least 48 h. Channel catfish that were vaccinated with a single immersion dose of LSU-E2 had mortality significantly lower (P < 0.01) following a wild-type E. ictaluri challenge than that of nonvaccinated fish.
Review of Chemical-Mechanical Planarization Modeling for Integrated Circuit Fabrication: From Particle Scale to Die and Wafer Scales (2003)

Modeling and simulation are critical to transfer CMP from an engineering 'art' to an engineering 'science'. Research efforts in CMP modeling have been attempted in the last decade. There is an urgent need to review the current models including their limitations and future research directions systematically. In this paper, chemical mechanical planarization modeling is reviewed systematically, from particle scale to die and wafer scales.
ARENA, a rule evaluating neural assistant that performs rule-based logic optimization (1991)

ARENA, a rule evaluating neural assistant, has been integrated with a logic optimization system and used to determine which logic transformation out of many available should be used. Starting with no prior knowledge, the network learned to recognize the proper time to apply logic optimization rules and to select a useful rule accordingly. By selectively repeating previously learned patterns, the network was trained to choose rules which were not effective by themselves, but which were effective as a group. The network learned to reduce the training circuit's optimization evaluation value from 43 to 6. The trained network then reduced a test circuit's evaluation value from 138 to 40 using 35 operations, 10 fewer than a local-search method. The results demonstrate the suitability of using neural networks to assemble a simple sequence of actions into more complex actions toward a predefined goal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A brief introduction to ceramic capacitors (2010)

A century of diligent R&D has resulted in a wide range of ceramic dielectrics and processing technologies. The technology used to manufacture an MLCC (multilayer ceramic capacitors) that costs pennies was unimaginable 30 years ago. The present trends of enhanced mobility, connectivity, and reliability in consumer, industrial, and military electronics will continue to drive future innovations in ceramic capacitor technology. In addition, power electronics applications are an emerging market in which ceramic capacitors will play an increasing role through improved breakdown strength, enhanced dielectric stability in harsh environments, and innovative packaging. The investment made by the US government to develop high energy density and high temperature capacitor technology will also contribute to the advancement of dielectric materials technology for pulse and power electronic capacitors.
Effects of Combing-Roll Wire Design and Rotor Speed on Open-End Spinning and Cotton Yarn Properties (1979)

The effects of combing-roll wire design, particularly the front angle, on lint and trash in the trash box, rotor trash, fiber breakage, fiber orientation in the rotor, and yarn properties, were investigated by means of various combining-roll and rotor speeds and different methods of cotton sliver preparation. Combing-roll and rotor speeds and sliver prepara tion had a significant effect on all the yarn properties investigated, while wire design had much less effect. Generally, combining-roll wire front (forward rake) angles of 0 and 30° yielded the poorest results, and the 15° angle wire yielded slightly better results than the other combiriing-roll wires studied.
Masked priming for prefixed words with bound stems: Does submit prime permit? (2000)

Masked priming effects for prefixed words sharing a bound stem (e.g., submit-PERMIT) are compared with priming effects for semantically transparent prefixed words (e.g., fold-UNFOLD). In three experiments, priming effects were obtained for both types with no significant difference between them. These results suggest that semantic transparency is not critical for priming in this paradigm. However, in Experiment 2, priming in the bound stem condition did not differ significantly from an orthographic control condition (e.g., shallow-FOLLOW). In Experiment 3, form priming effects were suppressed by the use of close distractors and a longer prime duration. The morphological effects remained unaltered, indicating that they were not a product of orthographic overlap. The magnitude of bound stem priming was also found to be related to productivity of the stem.
Direct Amplification of rRNA Genes in Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections (2000)

A broad-range bacterial PCR targeting rRNA genes (rDNAs) was used to directly analyze 536 clinical samples obtained from 459 hospitalized patients during a 4-year study period. The molecular diagnosis based on DNA sequencing of the PCR product was compared to that obtained by bacterial culture. The bacteriological diagnosis was concordant for 447 (83%) specimens. Broad-range rDNA PCR was the only method that yielded an etiologic diagnosis for 11 (2.4%) of 459 patients. Compared to culture and clinical assessment, the sensitivity of the PCR method combined with sequencing was 74.2%, and the specificity was between 98.7 and 99.6%. At present, the described molecular approach proved superior to bacterial culture in two clinical situations: infections caused by bacteria with unusual growth requirements and specimens taken during antimicrobial treatment of the patient.