gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
hK5 and hK7, two serine proteinases abundant in human skin, are inhibited by LEKTI domain 6 (2005)

The inhibition of hK5 and hK7 by LEKTI domain 6 indicates an important regulatory role of LEKTI in processes of skin desquamation and inflammation, which may explain the severe pathological symptoms associated with abnormalities of SPINK5 and/or its expression. Thus, LEKTI represents a potential drug for the treatment of these disorders.
Rocking Chair Desalination Battery Based on Prussian Blue Electrodes (2017)

The demand for fresh water has been increasing, caused by the growing population and industrialization throughout the world. In this study, we report a capacitive-based desalination system using Prussian blue materials in a rocking chair desalination battery, which is composed of sodium nickel hexacyanoferrate (NaNiHCF) and sodium iron HCF (NaFeHCF) electrodes. In this system, ions are removed not only by charging steps but also by discharging steps, and it is possible to treat actual seawater with this system because the Prussian blue material has a high charge capacity with a reversible reaction of alkaline cations. Here, we demonstrate a rocking chair desalination battery to desalt seawater, and the results show that this system has a high desalination capacity (59.9 mg/g) with efficient energy consumption (0.34 Wh/L for 40% Na ion removal efficiency).
Effect of ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonists on Endothelial NO Synthase Knockout Mice With Heart Failure (2002)

The beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (AT(1)-ant) are reportedly mediated by NO in heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that in the absence of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), (1) left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and myocardial remodeling would be more severe after myocardial infarction (MI), and (2) the cardioprotective effect of ACEi and AT(1)-ant would be diminished or absent in mice with HF after MI. eNOS knockout mice (eNOS-/-) and wild-type C57BL/6J (C57) mice (+/+) were subjected to MI by ligating the left coronary artery. One month after MI, each strain was treated with vehicle, ACEi (enalapril, 20 mg/kg per day), or AT(1)-ant (valsartan, 50 mg/kg per day) for 5 months. Echocardiography was performed, and systolic blood pressure was measured before MI and monthly thereafter. Interstitial collagen fraction and myocyte cross-sectional area were examined histologically. We found that (1) compared with C57 mice, eNOS-/- mice that underwent sham surgery had significantly increased systolic blood pressure (P<0.05) and increased LV mass both initially and at 1 to 3 months, although cardiac function and histological findings did not differ between strains; (2) the development of HF and myocardial remodeling were similar after MI in both strains; and (3) ACEi improved cardiac function and remodeling in C57 mice, as evidenced by increased LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV shortening fraction (LVSF) and decreased diastolic LV dimension, mass, myocyte cross-sectional area, and interstitial collagen fraction, but these benefits were absent or diminished in eNOS-/- mice (for C57 versus eNOS-/-: increase in LVEF after ACEi, 14.2 +/- 2% versus -4.9 +/- 2.5%, respectively [P<0.001]; increase in LVSF, 8.6 +/- 2.1% versus -7.2 +/- 2.8%, respectively [P<0.01]; and decrease in LV mass, -16.6 +/- 15 versus 73 +/- 23 mm(3), respectively [P<0.01]). AT(1)-ant had benefits similar to those of ACEi, which were also absent or diminished in eNOS-/- mice (for C57 versus eNOS-/-: increase in LVEF after AT(1)-ant, 13.5 +/- 1.8% versus -9.8 +/- 3%, respectively [P<0.001]; increase in LVSF, 6.1 +/- 1.6% versus -3.8 +/- 3.1%, respectively [P<0.01]). Our data suggest that the absence of NO does not alter the development of HF after MI; however, it significantly decreases the cardioprotective effects of ACEi or AT(1)-ant.
Basic Research Needs for Energy and Water: Report of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences Basic Research Needs Workshop for Energy and Water (2017)

Water is precious; it has no substitute as a vital resource. It is essential not only for life, but also for practically all forms of economic activity. The food we eat, the clothes we wear, the goods we use, and the electricity we consume all require water. Water — in both quantity and quality — is one of the world’s most critical resources. The global importance of water presents enormous opportunity for innovation spurred by basic science to better understand at a fundamental level energy, water, and their interrelationship. Energy-water systems, whether manufactured or part of the natural world, exhibit extraordinary dynamics and complexities. To make possible a transformation to a future where fundamental processes underlying energy-water systems are quantified and harnessed for societal benefits, understanding of the chemical processes and materials underlying the interdependence of energy and water must be advanced. These interdependent energy and water issues (energy-water issues) intersect with national and international priorities. The challenges we face for energy-water systems are, in fact, an opportunity to shape a sustainable future for the nation and the world and present an enormous opportunity for fundamental energy science. Basic research — spanning chemistry, physics, geosciences, biosciences, and materials sciences — is essential to answering many questions related to energy and water systems. It is now clear that ensuring robust and secure energy and water systems will require a significant basic scientific research effort. Science questions that underpin water resiliency and water-energy systems span 12 orders of magnitude in length scale, from the nature and implications of hydrogen bonding, to the state and movement of water through aquifers. Addressing challenging questions requires advances and integration of basic chemical, geological, biological, material, and computational sciences. Recognizing the tremendous scope and scale of basic research needs in the energy-water domain, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), sponsored a workshop on “Basic Research Needs for Energy and Water,” which was held near Washington, D.C., January 4–6, 2017. Attended by more than 100 leading national and international scientific experts in chemistry, physics, materials sciences, biosciences, and geosciences related to the energy-water system, the workshop addressed basic research necessary to improve water use for industrial applications and energy production and to increase fit-for-purpose water availability and energy efficiency as well as crosscutting scientific research needs. The workshop identified four Priority Research Directions (PRDs) that will lay the foundation to better understand materials and processes relevant to energy-water issues and harness their potential for technological impact.
Compression of the dc drain current by electron trapping in AlGaN/GaN modulation doped field-effect transistors (2001)

The frequently observed dc drain current compression of AlGaN/GaN modulation doped field-effect transistors is associated with partial loss of the two-dimensional electron gas caused by electron trapping. The behavior of the temperature-dependent electron concentration and persistent photoconductivity at low temperature in the AlGaN/GaN modulation doped heterostructure are indicative of the presence of DX centers in the AlGaN layer. Deep-level transient spectroscopy of the drain current reveals carrier trapping with activation energy of 0.28 eV. However, this value appears to be too small to explain the compression of the dc drain current or to attribute these traps to DX centers in AlGaN.
CT colonography with minimal bowel preparation: evaluation of tagging quality, patient acceptance and diagnostic accuracy in two iodine-based preparation schemes (2009)

One-day preparation with meglumine ioxithalamate results in an improved patient acceptability compared with 2-day preparation and has a comparable, excellent image quality and good diagnostic performance.
Carrier transport and density of state distributions in pentacene transistors (2002)

We present a density of state model for the transport properties of pentacene field effect transistors. Using a one-dimensional transistor model we study the effect of different localized trap distributions on the current-voltage characteristics of such devices. We find that a distributed trap model with a steep exponential band tail of donors and a shallower exponential tail of acceptors inside the band gap can describe consistently our experimental data obtained from bottom-gate polycrystalline pentacene transistors for different gate dielectrics and under various external conditions.
Histogram equalization of CT images. (1985)

Histogram equalization for display of clinical CT images was evaluated. In theory, histogram equalization makes optimal use of an available grey scale to display an image, and its use could circumvent the problem of selecting specific window settings for each image. In several clinical images, the use of a spatially variable histogram equalization technique limited to that portion of the CT image occupied by the patient did appear to increase the visibility of anatomic structures. However, using the technique also increased displayed image noise and artifacts. Although radiologists found this to be objectionable, it did not decrease the detectability of simulated low-contrast liver metastases. Further evaluation of histogram equalization for displaying CT images is being pursued.
Modeling the interaction between the N‐terminal domain of the tumor suppressor p53 and azurin (2009)

Abstract It is known that the half life of the tumor suppressor p53 can be increased by the interaction with the bacterial protein azurin, resulting in an enhanced anti‐tumoral activity. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms on the basis of this phenomenon can open the way to new anti‐cancer strategies. Some experimental works have given evidence of an interaction between p53 and azurin (AZ); however the binding regions of the proteins are still unknown. Recently, fluorescence studies have shown that p53 partakes in the binding with the bacterial protein by its N‐terminal (NT) domain. Here we have used a computational method to get insight into this interacting mode. The model that we propose for the best complex between AZ and p53 has been obtained from a rigid‐body docking, coupled with a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, a free energy calculation, and validated by mutagenesis analysis. We have found a high degree of geometric fit between the two proteins that are kept together by several hydrophobic interactions and numerous hydrogen bonds. Interestingly, it has emerged that AZ binds essentially to the helices H I and H III of the p53 NT domain, which are also interacting regions for the foremost inhibitor of p53, MDM2. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structures of N-glycosidic saccharide chains in S-glycoproteins, products of S-genes associated with self-incompatibility in Brassica campestris. (1989)

The N-glycosidic saccharide chains of S-glycoproteins associated with self-incompatibility in Brassica campestris were converted to the pyridylamino derivatives, and their structures were determined with physicochemical data and with the exoglycosidase treatment. These proved to be related to a saccharide chain of pineapple stem bromelain. The three S-glycoproteins, S8, S9 and S12, carried the common oligosaccharides A and B. This indicates that the specificity of S-glycoproteins was not present in the saccharide chains themselves, but probably in the amino acid sequences.
Dissecting the Role of a Conserved Motif (the Second Region of Homology) in the AAA Family of ATPases (1999)

Escherichia coli FtsH is an ATP-dependent protease that belongs to the AAA protein family. The second region of homology (SRH) is a highly conserved motif among AAA family members and distinguishes these proteins in part from the wider family of Walker-type ATPases. Despite its conservation across the AAA family of proteins, very little is known concerning the function of the SRH. To address this question, we introduced point mutations systematically into the SRH of FtsH and studied the activities of the mutant proteins. Highly conserved amino acid residues within the SRH were found to be critical for the function of FtsH, with mutations at these positions leading to decreased or abolished ATPase activity. The effects of the mutations on the protease activity of FtsH correlated strikingly with their effects on the ATPase activity. The ATPase-deficient SRH mutants underwent an ATP-induced conformational change similar to wild type FtsH, suggesting an important role for the SRH in ATP hydrolysis but not ATP binding. Analysis of the data in the light of the crystal structure of the hexamerization domain of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein suggests a plausible mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by the AAA ATPases, which invokes an intermolecular catalytic role for the SRH.
Preparation and Crystal Growth of Na<sub>24</sub>Si<sub>136</sub> (2009)

The synthesis and single crystal growth of clathrate-II Na(24)Si(136) is performed in one step applying the spark plasma treatment to the precursor Na(4)Si(4). The reported results demonstrate a new route to intermetallic compounds facilitated by the electric field and current. SPS is revealed to offer significant opportunities as a novel preparatory method for synthesis and crystal growth of solid state materials.
Visualization of Agonist-induced Sequestration and Down-regulation of a Green Fluorescent Protein-tagged β2-Adrenergic Receptor (1998)

To date, the visualization of beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) trafficking has been largely limited to immunocytochemical analyses of acute internalization events of epitope-tagged receptors in various transfection systems. The development of a beta2AR conjugated with green fluorescent protein (beta2AR-GFP) provides the opportunity for a more extensive optical analysis of beta2AR sequestration, down-regulation, and recycling in cells. Here we demonstrate that stable expression of beta2AR-GFP in HeLa cells enables a detailed temporal and spatial analysis of these events. Time-dependent colocalization of beta2AR-GFP with rhodamine-labeled transferrin and rhodamine-labeled dextran following agonist exposure demonstrates receptor distribution to early endosomes (sequestration) and lysosomes (down-regulation), respectively. The observed temporal distribution of beta2AR-GFP was consistent with measures of receptor sequestration and down-regulation generated by radioligand-receptor binding assays. Cells stimulated with different beta-agonists revealed time courses of beta2AR-GFP redistribution reflective of the intrinsic activity of each agonist.
Synthesis of 2-Substituted Drivatives of Diltiazem (1990)

Titled compounds, 2a, b, c, d and e, were efficientlysynthesized from 3-acetoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one (4) through alkylation at the C 2 -position followed by stereoselective reduction of the C 3 -carbonyl group
Robust decoupling control via sliding mode control (2002)

Decoupling control by means of state feedback is very fragile against parameter variations and nonlinearities existing in real plants. On the other hand, sliding mode control (SMC) is known as a robust control methodology which can be applied to nonlinear systems. In this paper, we will develop a robust decoupling control by employing SMC.
Siomycin A targets brain tumor stem cells partially through a MELK-mediated pathway (2011)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease, and the current therapies have only palliative effect. Evidence is mounting to indicate that brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) are a minority of tumor cells that are responsible for cancer initiation, propagation, and maintenance. Therapies that fail to eradicate BTSCs may ultimately lead to regrowth of residual BTSCs. However, BTSCs are relatively resistant to the current treatments. Development of novel therapeutic strategies that effectively eradicate BTSC are, therefore, essential. In a previous study, we used patient-derived GBM sphere cells (stemlike GBM cells) to enrich for BTSC and identified maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK) as a key regulator of survival of stemlike GBM cells in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that a thiazole antibiotic, siomycin A, potently reduced MELK expression and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Treatment of stemlike GBM cells with siomycin A resulted in arrested self-renewal, decreased invasion, and induced apoptosis but had little effect on growth of the nonstem cells of matched tumors or normal neural stem/progenitor cells. MELK overexpression partially rescued the phenotype of siomycin A-treated stemlike GBM cells. In vivo, siomycin A pretreatment abraded the sizes of stemlike GBM cell-derived tumors in immunodeficient mice. Treatment with siomycin A of mice harboring intracranial tumors significantly prolonged their survival period compared with the control mice. Together, this study may be the first model to partially target stemlike GBM cells through a MELK-mediated pathway with siomycin A to pave the way for effective treatment of GBM.
Active induction of unresponsiveness (tolerance) to DNFB by in vivo ultraviolet-exposed epidermal cells is dependent upon infiltrating class II MHC+ CD11bbright monocytic/macrophagic cells. (1994)

Contact sensitizers, tumor Ags, and microbial pathogens presented through UV-exposed skin result in T cell-mediated immune tolerance (inhibition of acquisition of responsiveness) to these normally potent immunogens. The APC in UV-exposed skin that delivers the signals inducing tolerance remains highly controversial and is the subject of this study. Application of the contact sensitizer, 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB), to C3H/HeN mice immediately after a single dose of 72 mJ/cm2 UVB (138 mJ/cm2 total UVB) resulted in unresponsiveness to an initial DNFB ear challenge, but failed to block the development of responsiveness after a second sensitization on previously unexposed skin (no tolerance). A state of tolerance could only be achieved if a delay of 72 h was allowed to elapse between the UV exposure and the initial sensitization. Epidermal cell suspensions (EC) were prepared from the skin of normal controls and from skin exposed to the same UV dose 3 days before (UV-EC). Three days after in vivo UV exposure, Langerhans cells (CD11blow Ia+) were depleted, and CD11bbright Ia+ macrophages had appeared in the epidermis along with GR-1+ neutrophils. Intracutaneous injection of 2,4 dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBSO3)-haptenated UV-EC, but not normal controls, resulted in the induction of locally inducible Ag-specific tolerance to DNFB, indicating the presence and dominance of tolerogenic signal within in vivo-irradiated epidermis. Removal of CD11b+ and class II MHC+ cells within UV-EC showed that a CD11b+ class II MHC+ population was indeed critical for tolerance induction. In addition, tolerance induction by UV-EC was not a result of surviving, UV-exposed Langerhans cells, because haptenated 3-day cultured EC from epidermis removed 5 h after UV exposure (before leukocytic infiltration) failed to induce a tolerogenic state. In conclusion, the ability of UV-exposed skin to induce peripheral adult tolerance to a normally potent immunogen is critically dependent on inflammatory class II MHC+, CD11bbright monocytic/macrophagic cells that infiltrate UV-irradiated skin at the same time the ability to tolerize is acquired.
GLIS3 Transcriptionally Activates WNT Genes to Promote Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Posterior Neural Progenitors (2018)

Anterior-posterior (A-P) specification of the neural tube involves initial acquisition of anterior fate followed by the induction of posterior characteristics in the primitive anterior neuroectoderm. Several morphogens have been implicated in the regulation of A-P neural patterning; however, our understanding of the upstream regulators of these morphogens remains incomplete. Here, we show that the Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) can direct differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into posterior neural progenitor cells in lieu of the default anterior pathway. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that this switch in cell fate is due to rapid activation of Wingless/Integrated (WNT) signaling pathway. Mechanistically, through genome-wide RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq, and functional analyses, we show that GLIS3 binds to and directly regulates the transcription of several WNT genes, including the strong posteriorizing factor WNT3A, and that inhibition of WNT signaling is sufficient to abrogate GLIS3-induced posterior specification. Our findings suggest a potential role for GLIS3 in the regulation of A-P specification through direct transcriptional activation of WNT genes. Stem Cells 2018 Stem Cells 2019;37:202-215.
Proinflammatory Cytokines as an Intermediate Factor Enhancing Lipid Sperm Membrane Peroxidation in In Vitro Conditions (2007)

We have examined the effect of white blood cells (WBCs), various proinflammatory cytokines, or a combination of the two on the peroxidation of human sperm membrane lipids in in vitro conditions. Six recombinant cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), used singly or in combinations, were analyzed. WBCs were isolated from the whole heparinized blood using a density gradient technique (Histopaque 1.077). Spermatozoa were isolated from semen samples with normal sperm parameters by both the swim-up technique (swim-up fraction) and by a discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation (90% and 47% Percoll fractions). Peroxidative damage to sperm membrane lipids was assessed by determining the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lysates of spermatozoa using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There were no statistically significant differences in MDA concentrations between sperm fractions incubated with cytokines and respective controls (spermatozoa alone). In spermatozoa isolated by the swim-up technique, the MDA level was significantly higher only after incubation with IL-6 and IL-8 plus WBCs when compared to sperm incubated with leukocytes alone (0.62 +/- 0.21 micromol/L and 0.42 +/- 0.22 micromol/L, respectively; P < .05). In spermatozoa recovered from the 47% Percoll, only a combination of IL-12 and IL-18 used together with WBCs was linked with a significant increase in MDA concentration (from 0.41 +/- 0.13 micromol/L to 0.65 +/- 0.19 micromol/L; P < .05). The results obtained suggest that cytokines produced during the inflammatory process intensify the level of oxidative stress caused by leukocytes, which may have serious consequences for sperm membrane integrity.
Chemical compatibility between garnet-like solid state electrolyte Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 and major commercial lithium battery cathode materials (2016)

High-temperature chemical compatibilities between garnet-like solid state electrolyte of Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO) and the four major commercial lithium battery cathode materials, i.e., LiCoO2 (LCO), LiMn2O4 (LMO), LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 (NCM) and LiFePO4 (LFP) were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The same volume fraction of LLZTO and electrode powders were mixed and heated at 400–900 °C for 1 h. According to the results by XRD, LMO and LFP react with LLZTO at approximately 500 °C. The Raman data reveal that both LCO and NCM can react with LLZTO at approximately 700 °C, which lead to generate LaCoO3 and LaCo1−xMnxO3 with a rhombohedral symmetry, respectively.