gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobility of a reptating polymer (1992)

The reptation model for the dynamics of an entangled polymer is considered for the case where the diffusion is driven by a weak field. If the distance between entanglements is greater than the persistence length, the mobility of long chains is predicted to be independent of their size and proportional to the field strength. This difference from previous predictions is due to the fact that fluctuations alter the field dependence of the tube orientation. Implications for the separation of DNA using gel electrophoresis are discussed.
The fate of stearoyl lactylates when used in breadmaking (1981)

Abstract The composition of four different commercial stearoyl lactylate samples has been determined by methylation followed by gas‐liquid chromatography. Components present included lactic, palmitic, stearic, palmitoyl lactic and stearoyl lactic acids. When the samples were used in baking bread their components became bound to starch but could be recovered almost quantitatively after treatment with α‐amylase, showing that they remained unchanged during baking.
Formaldehyde-free wood adhesives from soybean protein and lignin : development and characterization (2005)

There is still unmet need in family planning. The main predictors of unintended pregnancies are high prevalence of traditional contraception methods and insufficient knowledge about modern contraception methods. Policymakers should pay more attention to these issues. Furthermore, although Iranian policy makers are worried about low fertility, they need to be aware that new population policy through restriction of access to family planning services is effective, but also may exacerbate the problem by leading to a higher chance of unintended pregnancy.
Effects of ryanodine on a myocardial membrane vesicular fraction. (1975)

The effects of ryanodine on calcium transport were examined on a microsomal fraction isolated from guinea pig atrial muscle by sucrose density ultracentrifugation. The Ca+2 binding capacity of the fraction was sufficient to account for relaxation and was unaltered by the addition of 5x10(-5)M ryanodine. Exposure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to concentrations of ryanodine which produce negative inotropy significantly reduced ATP-dependent calcium transport which was associated with a significant increase in the Ca+2 activated ATPase activity. The effect of ryanodine was to reduce the Ca/P ratio by 50%. These results suggest that the negative inotropic effect of ryanodine in guinea pig atrium is associated with the uncoupling of Ca+2 transport from ATP hydrolysis.
New technologies improve passive LCDs and expand design flexibility (2002)

The author presents a review of new and existing LCD technologies and how they contribute to better performing displays. Included in the paper are discussions of typical applications and the technologies they use. The basic display types described are twisted nematic (TN), multidomain TN, first minima TN, supertwist nematic (STN), dichroic, and cholesteric-texture. The paper presents information on material and design advances that are driving improvements in existing displays and allowing new types of LCDs. This includes progress in LCD computer modeling, advances in retardation films to improve viewing angles and contrast, and new types of display cells and materials. Application of these technologies are being translated into specific types of hardware. For example, one of the new display materials results in bright, bistable displays without backlighting, thereby lowering power consumption. Other applications include touch screen LCD panels, LCD light shutters, and projection displays.
Oleosin Partitioning Technology for Production of Recombinant Proteins in Oil Seeds (2003)

Plant-based expression systems for the production of recombinant proteins have been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. It is now clear that plant-based systems offer a number of substantial advantages over conventional fermentation and cell-culture systems, including the exclusion of mammalian pathogens or bacterial endotoxins, improved scale-up economics, and reduced cost of goods. Plants have also proven to be capable of the assembly of complex multimeric proteins such as secretory IgAs, which are difficult to produce in other systems. However, even among plant systems, there are numerous configurations and modalities for the expression of a particular protein. For example, the actual choice of host species may be affected by a number of considerations, including biochemistry, extraction, and downstream processing or regulatory parameters. Similarly, within a plant, the deposition of the protein in certain tissues, organs, or even subcellular compartments may have a profound effect on the efficiency and economics of production. Although it has proven possible to express recombinant proteins in vegetative cells such as leaves, tubers and roots, there are some singular advantages to the use of seeds as the site of recombinant protein deposition.
The radon transform: A new scheme for fast multidimensional NMR (2004)

Abstract Multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra are used widely for structure elucidation of molecules of biochemical interest, particularly proteins, but the existing methodology is severely hampered by the long duration of the measurement, often many days. Here, we show that the inverse Radon transform can be used to reconstruct such a spectrum from a small number of different plane projections. This “projection‐reconstruction” (PR) technique reduces the time required to perform a three‐dimensional experiment by an order of magnitude and four‐dimensional spectra by two orders of magnitude, greatly extending the scope of such investigations. We show the application of the inverse Radon transform to reconstruct the four‐dimensional NMR spectrum of the nuclease A inhibitor, a measurement completed in only 35 min. This new technique is expected to have wide implications for investigations of protein structure and dynamics, currently a very active field of research. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 22A: 4–11, 2004.
Glioma Tumor Stem-Like Cells Promote Tumor Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Stromal-Derived Factor 1 (2009)

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are predicted to be critical drivers of tumor progression due to their self-renewal capacity and limitless proliferative potential. An emerging area of research suggests that CSC may also support tumor progression by promoting tumor angiogenesis. To investigate how CSC contribute to tumor vascular development, we used an approach comparing tumor xenografts of the C6 glioma cell line containing either a low or a high fraction of CSC. Compared with CSC-low tumors, CSC-high tumors exhibited increased microvessel density and blood perfusion and induced increased mobilization and tumor recruitment of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). CSC-high C6 cell cultures also induced higher levels of endothelial cell proliferation and tubule organization in vitro compared with CSC-low cultures. CSC-high cultures and tumors expressed increased levels of the proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal-derived factor 1, and when signaling by either factor was blocked, all aspects of angiogenesis observed in CSC-high cultures and tumors, including microvessel density, perfusion, EPC mobilization/recruitment, and stimulation of endothelial cell activity, were reduced to levels comparable with those observed in CSC-low cultures/tumors. These results suggest that CSC contribute to tumor angiogenesis by promoting both local endothelial cell activity and systemic angiogenic processes involving bone marrow-derived EPC in a vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent and stromal-derived factor 1-dependent manner.
Minority Variants of Drug‐Resistant HIV (2010)

Minor drug-resistant variants exist in every patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Because these minority variants are usually present at very low levels, they cannot be detected and quantified using conventional genotypic and phenotypic tests. Recently, several assays have been developed to characterize these low-abundance drug-resistant variants in the large, genetically complex population that is present in every HIV-infected individual. The most important issue is what results generated by these assays can predict clinical or treatment outcomes and might guide the management of patients in clinical practice. Cutoff values for the detection of these low-abundance viral variants that predict an increased risk of treatment failure should be determined. These thresholds may be specific for each mutation and treatment regimen. In this review, we summarize the attributes and limitations of the currently available detection assays and review the existing information about both acquired and transmitted drug-resistant minority variants.
Effect of temperature and thermal history on borosilicate glass structure (2012)

The influence of the temperature and quenching rate on the structure of a borosilicate glass was studied by high-resolution solid-state ${}^{11}$B, ${}^{23}$Na, ${}^{29}$Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-temperature Raman spectroscopy. Data were obtained for glass in the solid state after annealing and quenching at cooling rates covering four orders of magnitude as well as in the liquid state from Raman experiments and from calorimetry and rheological data. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements were used to calibrate the Raman spectra in order to quantify the change in boron coordination with temperature. This result can then be used to determine the fictive temperature of the glass directly from the boron coordination. The fictive temperature, heat capacity, and configurational entropy are extracted from calorimetry and viscosity measurements. Changes in the boron coordination account for only 25$%$ of the configurational heat capacity of the liquid. The structural parameters capable of accounting for the remaining quantity are discussed on the basis of structural data, both local (inhomogeneity of the sodium distribution) and medium-range (from NMR parameter distribution). It has thus been shown that, although the B-O-B angular distributions of the boroxol rings (and probably the Si-O-Si distributions) are not affected by temperature, a structural disorder is identified through the angular distributions of the bonds linking borate and silicate groups.
Identification of a new restriction endonuclease, EagI, from Enterobacter agglomerans. (1986)

Isolement d'une enzyme de restriction de classe II, isoschizomere des enzymes EcoRII et endo R
Investigation of the vertical instability at the Argonne Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (2009)

The rapid cycling synchrotron of the intense pulsed neutron source at Argonne National Laboratory normally operates at an average beam current of 14 to $15\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{A}$, accelerating protons from 50 to 450 MeV 30 times per second. The beam current is limited by a single-bunch vertical instability that occurs in the later part of the 14 ms acceleration cycle. By analyzing turn-by-turn beam position monitor data, two cases of vertical beam centroid oscillations were discovered. The oscillations start from the tail of the bunch, build up, and develop toward the head of the bunch. The development stops near the bunch center and oscillations remain localized in the tail for a relatively long time (2--4 ms, $1--2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ turns). This vertical instability is identified as the cause of the beam loss. We compared this instability with a head-tail instability that was purposely induced by switching off sextupole magnets. It appears that the observed vertical instability is different from the classical head-tail instability.
A Novel RAF Kinase Inhibitor with DFG-Out–Binding Mode: High Efficacy in BRAF-Mutant Tumor Xenograft Models in the Absence of Normal Tissue Hyperproliferation (2016)

BI 882370 is a highly potent and selective RAF inhibitor that binds to the DFG-out (inactive) conformation of the BRAF kinase. The compound inhibited proliferation of human BRAF-mutant melanoma cells with 100× higher potency (1-10 nmol/L) than vemurafenib, whereas wild-type cells were not affected at 1,000 nmol/L. BI 882370 administered orally was efficacious in multiple mouse models of BRAF-mutant melanomas and colorectal carcinomas, and at 25 mg/kg twice daily showed superior efficacy compared with vemurafenib, dabrafenib, or trametinib (dosed to provide exposures reached in patients). To model drug resistance, A375 melanoma-bearing mice were initially treated with vemurafenib; all tumors responded with regression, but the majority subsequently resumed growth. Trametinib did not show any efficacy in this progressing population. BI 882370 induced tumor regression; however, resistance developed within 3 weeks. BI 882370 in combination with trametinib resulted in more pronounced regressions, and resistance was not observed during 5 weeks of second-line therapy. Importantly, mice treated with BI 882370 did not show any body weight loss or clinical signs of intolerability, and no pathologic changes were observed in several major organs investigated, including skin. Furthermore, a pilot study in rats (up to 60 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks) indicated lack of toxicity in terms of clinical chemistry, hematology, pathology, and toxicogenomics. Our results indicate the feasibility of developing novel compounds that provide an improved therapeutic window compared with first-generation BRAF inhibitors, resulting in more pronounced and long-lasting pathway suppression and thus improved efficacy.
Inhibition of neural phospholipase D activity by aminoglycoside antibiotics (1991)

The effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on phospholipase D (PLD) activity were investigated in permeabilized NG108-15 cells and in isolated rat brain membranes. Neomycin inhibited guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate-stimulated PLD activity in digitonin-permeabilized NG108-15 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (50% inhibition at 100 microM). Neomycin similarly inhibited PLD activity present in rat brain membranes and assayed in vitro with [3H]phosphatidylcholine as substrate (50% inhibition at 65 microM). Other aminoglycosides tested (kanamycin, geneticin and streptomycin) were nearly equipotent inhibitors of rat brain PLD. These results indicate that aminoglycoside antibiotics inhibit phosphatidylcholine-PLD activity with comparable and sometimes greater potency than their well known inhibition of phosphoinositide-phospholipase C. The possibility that PLD inhibition could mediate some of the toxic side effects of aminoglycosides is suggested.
Geochemical behavior of long-lived radioactive wastes (1975)

-/, and TcO/sub 4//sup -/ because of the oxidizing conditions in processing. It was found that the migration of these ions was very little retarded by rocks such as LASL tuff and Salem limestone. On the other hand, selected minerals containing copper and sulfur have been found to react strongly to remove these ions from solution and may be potential ''getter'' materials for the fixation of these ions. A study of neptunium chemistry has shown that Np(IV) and Np(V) are the most likely oxidation states of this element to exist in ground water. While Np(IV) is easily immobilized because of its extreme insolubility, Np(V) does not bind strongly to many strata. However, it has been shown in this report that minerals containing calcium carbonate or phosphate remove Np(V) from solution in ground waters. Groundwater containing Fe(II) can reduce Np(V) to Np(IV) thus converting it to a relatively immobile species. In the modeling experiments described with I/sup -/, IO/sub 3//sup -/, and TcO/sub 4//sup -/ ions as well as in the previous studies with Pu, it has been frequently observed that the distribution of the radioactive materials does not correspond to the gaussian distribution predicted by an equilibrium chromatographic calculation. (14 figures, 8 tables)
Biomedical-grade, high mannuronic acid content (BioMVM) alginate enhances the proteoglycan production of primary human meniscal fibrochondrocytes in a 3-D microenvironment (2016)

Alginates are important hydrogels for meniscus tissue engineering as they support the meniscal fibrochondrocyte phenotype and proteoglycan production, the extracellular matrix (ECM) component chiefly responsible for its viscoelastic properties. Here, we systematically evaluated four biomedical- and two nonbiomedical-grade alginates for their capacity to provide the best three-dimensional (3-D) microenvironment and to support proteoglycan synthesis of encapsulated human meniscal fibrochondrocytes in vitro. Biomedical-grade, high mannuronic acid alginate spheres (BioLVM, BioMVM) were the most uniform in size, indicating an effect of the purity of alginate on the shape of the spheres. Interestingly, the purity of alginates did not affect cell viability. Of note, only fibrochondrocytes encapsulated in BioMVM alginate produced and retained significant amounts of proteoglycans. Following transplantation in an explant culture model, the alginate spheres containing fibrochondrocytes remained in close proximity with the meniscal tissue adjacent to the defect. The results reveal a promising role of BioMVM alginate to enhance the proteoglycan production of primary human meniscal fibrochondrocytes in a 3-D hydrogel microenvironment. These findings have significant implications for cell-based translational studies aiming at restoring lost meniscal tissue in regions containing high amounts of proteoglycans.
Recognition using region correspondences (2002)

A central problem in object recognition is to determine the transformation that relates the model to the image, given some partial correspondence between the two. This is useful in determining whether an object is present in an image, and if so, in determining where the object is. We present a novel method of solving this problem that uses region information. In our approach, the model is divided into volumes and the image is divided into regions. Given a match between subsets of volumes and regions (without any explicit correspondence between different pieces of the regions), the alignment transformation is computed. The method applies to planar objects under similarity, affine and projective transformations and to projections of 3D objects undergoing affine and projective transformations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Kinetics of epoxidation of alkyl esters of undecylenic acid: Comparison of traditional routes vs. ishii‐venturello chemistry (1997)

Abstract Epoxidation of undecylenic acid and its methyl and ethyl esters with aqueous H 2 O 2 was carried out by using different traditional routes, ion exchange resin, and the newly developed synergistic usage of heteropoly acids and phase transfer catalysis in a biphasic system. The so‐called Ishii‐Venturello chemistry was employed to develop a kinetic model. Interesting selectivities are obtained.
Local finance survey report (1996)

The local finance survey is conducted by a group of Resident Mission staffs and local consultants in 20 communes in 10 districts of five provinces throughout the North, Center and South of Vietnam. The survey is taking a bottom-up approach to examine sources of finance actually used to deliver basic services; local capacity; and quality of commune services. It also examines whether communities' participation in local planning and to what extent the commune, district and province work together throughout planning, budgeting, financing and delivering these basic services. This local finance survey is aimed at using for the Bank's analysis of what changes in financial or administrative mechanisms could encourage better delivery of rural services.
Design and Validation of a Specific Scavenger Receptor Class AI Binding Peptide for Targeting the Inflammatory Atherosclerotic Plaque (2012)

We have identified a novel peptide antagonist selective for SR-AI; this antagonist could be a valuable tool in SR-AI targeted imaging of atherosclerotic lesions.
A new high-energy density hydrogen carrier-carbohydrate-might be better than methanol (2012)

High-density hydrogen storage in the form of renewable carbohydrate becomes possible because cell-free synthetic enzymatic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB) can 100% selectively convert carbohydrate and water to high-purity hydrogen and carbon dioxide under modest reaction conditions (below water boiling temperature and atmospheric pressure). Gravimetric density of carbohydrate (polysaccharide) is 14.8% H2 mass, where water can be recycled from polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells or 8.33% H2 mass based on the water/carbohydrate slurry; volumetric density of carbohydrate is >100 kg of H2/m3. Renewable carbohydrate would be more advantageous over methanol according to numerous criteria: substrate cost based on energy content (cost per gigajoule), energy conversion efficiency, catalyst cost and availability, sustainability, safety, toxicity, and applications. Huge potential markets of SyPaB from high-end applications (e.g., biohydrogenation for synthesis of chiral compounds and sugar batteries) to low-end applications (e.g., local satellite hydrogen generation stations, distributed electricity generators, and sugar fuel cell vehicles) would be motivation to solve the remaining obstacles soon. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Aromatherapy on the Anxiety, Vital Signs, and Sleep Quality of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients in Intensive Care Units (2013)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aromatherapy on the anxiety, sleep, and blood pressure (BP) of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients in an intensive care unit (ICU). Fifty-six patients with PCI in ICU were evenly allocated to either the aromatherapy or conventional nursing care. Aromatherapy essential oils were blended with lavender, roman chamomile, and neroli with a 6 : 2 : 0.5 ratio. Participants received 10 times treatment before PCI, and the same essential oils were inhaled another 10 times after PCI. Outcome measures patients' state anxiety, sleeping quality, and BP. An aromatherapy group showed significantly low anxiety (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.99</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>.001</mml:mn></mml:math>) and improving sleep quality (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.65</mml:mn></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>.001</mml:mn></mml:math>) compared with conventional nursing intervention. The systolic BP of both groups did not show a significant difference by time or in a group-by-time interaction; however, a significant difference was observed between groups (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>4.63</mml:mn></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>.036</mml:mn></mml:math>). The diastolic BP did not show any significant difference by time or by a group-by-time interaction; however, a significant difference was observed between groups (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>6.93</mml:mn></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>.011</mml:mn></mml:math>). In conclusion, the aromatherapy effectively reduced the anxiety levels and increased the sleep quality of PCI patients admitted to the ICU. Aromatherapy may be used as an independent nursing intervention for reducing the anxiety levels and improving the sleep quality of PCI patients.