gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ocular flutter (2010)

A previously unreported association of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ocular flutter is presented. It is hypothesized that initial loss of brainstem inhibitory interneurons resulted in disinhibition of burst interneurons and that the ocular flutter subsequently disappeared as burst interneurons also became affected by the disease process. The association adds clinical evidence of involvement of brainstem interneurons to other evidence of involvement of neurons other than motor neurons in the disease process.
Design and Development of Software Tool for Code Clone Search, Detection, and Analysis (2019)

Replicating a piece of code with or without making minor changes in their code during project development is a normal practice adopted by the developers to reduce their production time which results in code/program clones. Clones could also occur in their existing file without any prior knowledge of the programmer. Though code/program cloning helps to increase the productivity initially, later it may increase the maintenance cost. Hence code/program cloning needs to be identified thoroughly during the development in a frequent interval of time. The main objective of this work involves in depth analysis of source code produced by the programmer for code cloning and to indicate how much percentage of code is copied in that their file. The proposed work detects clones in terms of syntax, function, method, variables, data types, keywords, spaces, author name, imports, commented lines, number of lines, and last-modified-date and shows the similarity percentage in graphically.
The roles of the N‐linked glycans and extension regions of soybean β‐conglycinin in folding, assembly and structural features (1998)

Beta-conglycinin, one of the dominant storage proteins of soybean, is a trimer composed of three subunits, alpha, alpha' and beta. All subunits are N-glycosylated and alpha and alpha' contain extension regions in addition to the core regions common to all subunits. Non-glycosylated individual subunits and deletion mutants (alpha(c) and alpha'(c)) lacking the extension regions of alpha and alpha' were expressed in Escherichia coli. All recombinant proteins were purified to near homogeneity and appeared to have the correct conformation, as judged by CD, density-gradient centrifugation and gel-filtration profiles, indicating that the N-linked glycans and extension regions are not essential for the folding and the assembly into trimers of beta-conglycinin. Density-gradient centrifugation, gel-filtration and differential scanning calorimetry profiles of the recombinant proteins and the native beta-conglycinin indicated that the N-linked glycans and extension regions contribute to the dimension of beta-conglycinin but not to the density and the thermal stability. Comparing the solubilities of the individual subunits with those of deletion mutants, only the alpha and alpha' subunits were soluble at lower ionic strength (mu < 0.25) at around the pH value of the endoplasmic reticulum. This suggests that the extension regions play an important role in the prevention of aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum in analogy with the N-linked glycans.
Improved peptide sequencing using isotope information inherent in tandem mass spectra (2003)

We demonstrate here the use of natural isotopic 'labels' in peptides to aid in the identification of peptides with a de novo algorithm. Using data from ion trap tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis of 102 tryptic peptides, we have analyzed multiple series of peaks within LCQ MS/MS spectra that 'spell' peptide sequences. Isotopic peaks from naturally abundant isotopes are particularly prominent even after peak centroiding on y- and b-series ions and lead to increased confidence in the identification of the precursor peptides. Sequence analysis of the MS/MS data is accomplished by finding sequences and subsequences in a hierarchical manner within the spectra.
High-Performance SAW Resonator on New Multilayered Substrate Using LiTaO<sub>3</sub>Crystal (2017)

To develop the high-performance filters and duplexers required for recent long-term evolution frequency bands in mobile handsets, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator is needed that has a higher quality (Q) and a lower temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF). To achieve this, the authors focused on acoustic energy confinement in the depth direction for a rotated Y-X LiTaO<sub>3</sub> (LT) substrate. Characteristics of multilayered substrates with low-impedance and high-impedance layers under LT layer were studied numerically in terms of acoustic energy distribution, phase velocity, coupling coefficient, and temperature characteristics employing a finite-element method simulation. After several calculations, a novel multilayered structure was developed that uses SiO<sub>2</sub> for a low-impedance layer and AlN for a high-impedance layer under the thin LT layer. A one-port resonator using the new substrate was fabricated, and its experimental results showed that the developed resonator had a Bode-Q over 4000 and TCF of -8 ppm/°C, which are four times higher than and one-fifth as small as those of a conventional 4° YX-LT SAW resonator, respectively. By applying this technology, a band 25 duplexer with very narrow duplex gap was successfully developed, which shows extremely low insertion loss, steep cutoff characteristics, and stable temperature characteristics.
Good Thermoelectric Performance in Strongly Correlated System SnCCo<sub>3</sub> with Antiperovskite Structure (2014)

We report the magnetic, electrical, and thermoelectric properties of SnCCo3, where good thermoelectric performance [figure of merit ZT ∼ 0.035(2), 258 K] and strong electron correlation (Kadowaki-Woods ratio RKW ∼ 4a0) are observed. The thermoelectric properties of ACCo3 (A = Al, Ga, Ge) and SnCM3 (M = Mn, Fe) were also investigated for comparison. As a result, the ZT value of SnCCo3 is the largest among all of those samples, which is mainly attributed to the large Seebeck coefficient caused by the strong electron correlation and low carrier density. Moreover, the ZT value can be effectively enhanced by proper chemical doping in SnCCo3.
Multi-sliding surface control for the speed regulation system of ship diesel engines (2016)

The steady and reliable operation of a ship’s diesel engine is important to the ship’s electrical power system and the engine’s performance, and stable control of rotational speed is crucial to a diesel engine’s emission, economy and power performance. A ship’s diesel engine is a nonlinear and time-varying system. A traditional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller cannot regulate the speed under different working conditions. In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model for speed regulation of diesel engines is established according to experiments and a multi-sliding surface variable structure controller for speed regulation of diesel engine is established by sliding mode control. A bulk cargo ship 500-I was analysed as an example. The MATLAB/Simulink simulation took the navigation environment and the effect of the ship propeller on the diesel engine into consideration. A simulation model considering the whole ship–engine–propeller system is built and some conclusions can be drawn from the simulation. The multi-sliding surface control can restrain the overshoot and realize a quick track of the targeted value with high accuracy and strong robustness. In addition, the fuel consumption and CO 2 emission of this sliding mode variable structure control is reduced by 4.6% compared with traditional PID control.
Efficient resource sharing mechanism under the link restoration in optical networks (2003)

A single fiber cut can potentially influence a total of 1.6 Tb/s of traffic and is surprisingly frequent and serious. Thus, an efficient fault management technique must be required. The link-based protection mechanism proposed by provides fast recovery time, however, there are some problems to apply the mechanism to the optical network. So, we mostly focus the link-based fault management technique, specially, the link restoration mechanism to provide the appropriate fault recovery time and resource utilization. And we simulate the resource utilization for the optical networks.
Thermal Conductivity: Manipulating Orientation of Silicon Carbide Nanowire in Polymer Composites to Achieve High Thermal Conductivity (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 17/2017) (2017)

Xiaoliang Zeng, Rong Sun, and co-workers report the manipulation of the orientation of silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNWs) in polymers in article number 1700446. The oriented, thermally conductive networks constructed by SiCNWs achieve efficient heat transfer: fabricated epoxy/oriented SiCNW composites present a high thermal conductivity of 10.10 W m−1 K−1 at low filler loading (5 wt%), while only 1.78 and 0.30 W m−1 K−1 are achieved for epoxy/random SiCNW composites and epoxy/SiC nanoparticle composites, respectively.
gStore (2011)

Due to the increasing use of RDF data, efficient processing of SPARQL queries over RDF datasets has become an important issue. However, existing solutions suffer from two limitations: 1) they cannot answer SPARQL queries with wildcards in a scalable manner; and 2) they cannot handle frequent updates in RDF repositories efficiently. Thus, most of them have to reprocess the dataset from scratch. In this paper, we propose a graph-based approach to store and query RDF data. Rather than mapping RDF triples into a relational database as most existing methods do, we store RDF data as a large graph. A SPARQL query is then converted into a corresponding subgraph matching query. In order to speed up query processing, we develop a novel index, together with some effective pruning rules and efficient search algorithms. Our method can answer exact SPARQL queries and queries with wildcards in a uniform manner. We also propose an effective maintenance algorithm to handle online updates over RDF repositories. Extensive experiments confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of our solution.
Ocean Discharge of Sewage is a Treatment Option (1985)

There is presently considerable interest and public debate regarding the discharge of sewage to the ocean. Generally, attitudes appear to be based on emotional and largely uninformed arguments. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the discharge of screened sewage to the ocean: for coastal communities is an acceptable and viable alternative to inland treatment facilities. Similar treatment processes occur in the ocean to those processes occurring in a conventional land based treatment plant; There are, however, significant advantages to be gained with ocean discharge that are worthy of consideration. ! The paper examines the environmental impacts, reliability, amenity values, resource use and bacteriological quality associated with ocean discharge and inland treatment. The community at large and decision makers in particular should be aware of the processes involved in sewage treatment (conventional or ocean discharge) so that the correct disposal option can be chosen to satisfy environmental, health and economic criteria.
Chronic Effects of a Nonpeptide Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Type I Receptor Antagonist on Pituitary-Adrenal Function, Body Weight, and Metabolic Regulation<sup>1</sup> (1998)

CRH, the principal regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and modulator of autonomic nervous system activity, also participates in the regulation of appetite and energy expenditure. Antalarmin, a pyrrolopyrimidine compound, antagonizes CRH type 1 receptor-mediated effects of CRH, including pituitary ACTH release, stress behaviors, and acute inflammation. We administered antalarmin chronically to evaluate its effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and metabolic status. Adult male rats were treated twice daily with 20 mg/kg of i.p. antalarmin or placebo over 11 days. The animals were weighed; plasma ACTH, corticosterone, leptin, and blood glucose levels were determined; and morphometric analyses were performed to determine adrenal size and structure, including sizing, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Leptin messenger RNA expression in peripheral fat was analyzed by Northern blot. Antalarmin decreased plasma ACTH (mean +/- SD, 2.62 +/- 0.063 pg/ml) and corticosterone concentrations (10.21 +/- 1.80 microg/dl) compared with those in vehicle-treated rats [respectively, 5.3 +/- 2.0 (P < 0.05) and 57.02 +/- 8.86 (P < 0.01)]. Antalarmin had no significant effect on body weight, plasma leptin, or blood glucose concentrations or fat cell leptin messenger RNA levels. The width of the adrenal cortex of animals treated with antalarmin was reduced by 31% compared with that in controls without atrophy of the gland. On the ultrastructural level, adrenocortical cells were in a hypofunctional state characterized by reduced vascularization, increased content of lipid droplets, and tubulovesicular mitochondria with fewer inner membranes. The apoptotic rate was increased in the outer zona fasciculata of animals treated with the antagonist (26.6 +/- 3.58%) compared with that in placebo-treated controls (6.8 +/- 0.91%). We conclude that chronic administration of antalarmin does not affect body weight, carbohydrate metabolism, or leptin expression, whereas it reduces adrenocortical function mildly, without anatomical, clinical, or biochemical evidence of causing adrenal atrophy. These results are promising for future uses of such an antagonist in the clinic.
Practical Consideration of an Inflow Control Device Application for Reducing Water Production (2009)

Abstract Inflow control devices, or ICDs, have been developed to improve well performance and enhance reservoir management by mitigating undesired water and/or gas breakthroughs that often occur due to a variety of factors, including: a). reservoir permeability heterogeneity; b). heel-toe effects - significant wellbore pressure drop from toe to heel; c). different reservoir pressure in different regions penetrated by a well. Success of an ICD completion relies heavily on appropriate design of the completion. Several key issues that should be addressed in designing an ICD completion have been identified and their impacts on performance of a well equipped with ICDs will be elaborated through a couple of case studies after a brief introduction of the three major types of inflow control devices (ICD). Practical guidelines for applying an ICD completion for reducing water production will also be shared. Several important observations have been achieved through this study: Appropriate design and planning for an ICD completion requires: a). good knowledge of reservoir and geology, such as permeability, porosity, reservoir pressure, as well as oil/water saturation distribution, etc; b). accurate modeling of the near wellbore fluid flow and flow in the completions; c). reasonable account for the change of reservoir condition over time - possible coupling between completion simulation software with a reservoir simulator is preferred.Zonal isolation plays a critical role in the success of an ICD completion, especially in terms of water production reduction.ICDs have been mainly developed to minimize toe-heel effects and balance inflow. Under certain circumstances, nontrivial water production may be anticipated from a well from day one of the well production. An ICD is not expected to trim much of water production from this type of well since water is already there, unless additional measures are taken to cut down water production.There are potential approaches for minimizing water production in well with ICD completion, such as: ✓Change well trajectory to avoid high water saturation region(s);✓Apply ICDs with efficient phase filtering capability;✓Block water production with efficient zonal isolation.A reasonable design of ICD completion may have promising potential to cut water production as long as good zonal isolation across layers and sections exists; however, water production may also be cut with other completion options without ICD under the circumstances.
Current Views on Collapsing Glomerulopathy (2008)

Collapsing glomerulopathy is a proliferative disease defined by segmental or global wrinkling of the glomerular basement membranes associated with podocyte proliferation. These lesions are particularly poor responders to standard therapies. First described as an idiopathic disorder or following HIV infection, it is now associated with a broad group of diseases and different pathogenetic mechanisms, which participate in podocyte injury and mitogenic stimulation. Because of this etiologic heterogeneity, there is clear need for new therapeutic approaches to target each variant of this entity. Historical background, terminology, morphologic and phenotypic features, and suggested mechanisms are reviewed in this manuscript.
B7-1 expression decreases tumorigenicity and induces partial systemic immunity to murine neuroblastoma deficient in major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules. (1995)

Neuroblastoma may escape an immune attack by virtue of its low expression of surface accessory molecules essential in the antitumor response. Murine neuroblastoma, neuro-2a, was transduced with the retroviral vector LB7-1SN to examine the influence of B7-1 expression on the immune response directed against a low major histocompatibility class (MHC) I and class II negative, B7-2, and ICAM-1 negative tumor. Using a retroperitoneal model for implantation of neuroblastoma in its natural site, we demonstrated that expression of B7-1 by neuro-2a reduces its tumorigenicity. Coinjection of B7-1-positive and -negative cells improved survival compared with mice receiving B7-1-negative cells alone. This was dependent on the ratio of B7-1+ to B7-1- neuro-2a cells injected. CD8+ and not CD4+ T-cell depletion significantly increased tumor-induced mortality in syngeneic A/J mice, indicating that B7-1 decreases tumorigenicity primarily by direct constimulation of CD8+ T cells. Rejection of N-2a/B7-1 tumors or preimmunization with irradiated N-2a/B7-1 cells die not increase protection to challenge with unmodified neuro-2a cells over mice vaccinated with N-2a/neo. Furthermore, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursor frequencies were not significantly higher after in vivo priming and in vitro stimulation with irradiated N-2a/B7-1 compared with N-2a/neo, indicating that B7-1 costimulation by the tumor, in the absence of adequate antigen presentation by MHC molecules, may limit the generation of effective CTLs.
The Contribution of the Cruciate Ligaments to the Load-Displacement Characteristics of the Human Knee Joint (1980)

Human knee specimens were subjected to anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, varus-valgus, and torsional displacement tests. Loads were recorded for the intact joint and for the joint with all soft tissues cut except for the cruciate ligaments. The effect of condylar interference was determined for anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and torsional displacements. The variation in load with flexion angle was considerable for medial-lateral (0-90-deg flexion) displacements, and less for varus-valgus (0-45-deg flexion) displacements. The cruciates were found to carry almost the entire anterior-posterior load; they carried a significant percentage of the medial-lateral load which varied considerably with flexion angle. A small, but not insignificant percentage of the varus-valgus load was carried by the cruciates and the variations with flexion angle were small. In torsion, the cruciates resisted only internal rotation. In the tested displacement ranges, condylar interference had a small effect on the medial-lateral load but did not affect anterior-posterior or torsional loads.
High harmonic generation by short laser pulses: time-frequency behavior and applications to attophysics (2006)

High harmonic generation (HHG) is a process in which noble gas atoms excited by an intense laser field at frequency ω1 emit radiation of higher frequencies that are odd integer multiples of ω1. Driven by an infrared laser, high harmonic radiation can span from the optical into the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) frequency range. In this thesis, I study HHG using short laser pulses by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). In particular, I will focus on calculating and controlling the time-dependent instantaneous frequency (chirp) of high harmonics. The harmonic chirp is a direct consequence of the atom-field interaction during HHG, and its behavior in the time-frequency domain reveals the fundamental physics in the strong laser field. In addition, controlling the harmonic chirp is essential for practical applications such as when high harmonic radiation is used as a seed for soft X-ray lasers. Moreover, I will discuss how to find the ionization probability of an atom exposed to few-cycle laser pulses. This is important in order to understand the propagation effects on high harmonics as their driving pulse goes through a rapidly ionizing medium. Finally, I will consider high harmonics as a source of attosecond pulses. Such short pulses (∼10-18 seconds) could induce and probe the dynamics of electrons in atoms and solids. In the last part of my thesis, I will examine some examples of attosecond electron dynamics.
Antimicrobial Effect of Nanometric Bioactive Glass 45S5 (2007)

Most recent advances in nanomaterials fabrication have given access to complex materials such as SiO(2)-Na(2)O-CaO-P(2)O(5) bioactive glasses in the form of amorphous nanoparticles of 20- to 60-nm size. The clinically interesting antimicrobial properties of commercially available, micron-sized bioactive glass 45S5 have been attributed to the continuous liberation of alkaline species during application. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, based on its more than ten-fold higher specific surface area, nanometric bioactive glass releases more alkaline species, and consequently displays a stronger antimicrobial effect, than the currently applied micron-sized material. Ionic dissolution profiles were monitored in simulated body fluid. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against clinical isolates of enterococci from persisting root canal infections. The shift from micron- to nano-sized treatment materials afforded a ten-fold increase in silica release and solution pH elevation by more than three units. Furthermore, the killing efficacy was substantially higher with the new material against all tested strains.
Identification of Structure–Activity Relationships from Screening a Structurally Compact DNA‐Encoded Chemical Library (2015)

Methods for the rapid and inexpensive discovery of hit compounds are essential for pharmaceutical research and DNA-encoded chemical libraries represent promising tools for this purpose. We here report on the design and synthesis of DAL-100K, a DNA-encoded chemical library containing 103 200 structurally compact compounds. Affinity screening experiments and DNA-sequencing analysis provided ligands with nanomolar affinities to several proteins, including prostate-specific membrane antigen and tankyrase 1. Correlations of sequence counts with binding affinities and potencies of enzyme inhibition were observed and enabled the identification of structural features critical for activity. These results indicate that libraries of this type represent a useful source of small-molecule binders for target proteins of pharmaceutical interest and information on structural features important for binding.