gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CNBP controls transcription by unfolding DNA G-quadruplex structures (2019)

Guanine-rich DNA strands can fold into non-canonical four-stranded secondary structures named G-quadruplexes (G4). Experimental evidences suggest that G4-DNA surrounding transcription start sites act as cis-regulatory elements by either stimulating or inhibiting gene transcription. Therefore, proteins able to target and regulate specific G4 formation/unfolding are crucial for G4-mediated transcriptional control. Here we present data revealing that CNBP acts in vitro as a G4-unfolding protein over a tetramolecular G4 formed by the TG4T oligonucleotide, as well as over the G4 folded in the promoters of several oncogenes. CNBP depletion in cellulo led to a reduction in the transcription of endogenous KRAS, suggesting a regulatory role of CNBP in relieving the transcriptional abrogation due to G4 formation. CNBP activity was also assayed over the evolutionary conserved G4 enhancing the transcription of NOGGIN (NOG) developmental gene. CNBP unfolded in vitro NOG G4 and experiments performed in cellulo and in vivo in developing zebrafish showed a repressive role of CNBP on the transcription of this gene by G4 unwinding. Our results shed light on the mechanisms underlying CNBP way of action, as well as reinforce the notion about the existence and function of G4s in whole living organisms.
Breast Implant Informed Consent Should Include the Risk of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (2016)

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare T-cell lymphoma arising around breast implants. Public awareness has increased following a safety communication warning of the association of breast implant-associated ALCL by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2011. Difficulty with determining an accurate assessment of risk, including diagnosis, or standardized treatment regimen has led surgeons to commonly omit preoperative discussion of this rare and frequently misunderstood cancer. Risk disclosure is a form of respect for patient autonomy, and informed consent has positive practical and moral consequences for the practice of plastic surgery. A model of breast implant-associated ALCL informed consent implementation and health care provider education are reviewed with 1-year process follow-up at a tertiary cancer center. Breast implant-associated ALCL should be included during preoperative counseling on the risks of breast implantation when obtaining informed consent. Pertinent aspects of decision-making include disease awareness, presenting symptoms, and resources for concerned patients. Education of health care professionals and provision of patient-focused materials ensures effectiveness of the informed consent process.
The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Anthracene Derivatives. (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Anthracene Derivatives.R. Norman. JonesCite this: Chem. Rev. 1947, 41, 2, 353–371Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60129a013https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60129a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4509Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sculpted optical silica fiber tips for use in Nd:YAG contact tip laser surgery: part 2--optical properties and tissue effects (1992)

The development of sapphire tips, coupled to the distal end of silica fibers, introduced the use of a new surgical power delivery system known as contact tip surgery. An alternative medium to sapphire tips is the use of silica optical fibers with molded distal ends. We investigated a number of possible approaches for the fabrication of a variety of distal end configurations on silica fibers using an oxy-propane gas torch, arc fusion, Nd:YAG radiation, and CO<sub>2</sub> radiation. We fabricated seven silica contact tips that included a clear and frosted microlens, a clear and frosted ball lens, a clear and frosted conical lens, and a flat end lens. The most reliable method found to fabricate silica contact tips used a CO<sub>2</sub> laser because it offered complete control over the manufacturing process.
Light source with orthogonally linear polarized two‐frequency beam from laser diode and surface profile measurement (1996)

A novel light source using a laser diode is proposed for optical heterodyne interferometry. The light from this source has a two- frequency beam with mutually orthogonal polarization directions. The light source consists of a laser diode and some optical elements. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer using polarizing beam splitters and a right-angle prism creates orthogonal linearly polarized two-frequency light. The laser diode is easily available to give frequency modulation by current injection. A two-frequency beam is created by giving the time difference due to different optical paths in the Mach-Zehnder interferom- eter. The frequency difference between two beams remains constant regardless of frequency modulation of the laser diode. Moreover, in order to compensate for the power fluctuation by injection current modulation and to keep the total power constant, another incoherent laser diode is added. This light source is suitable for practical applications and requires a smaller and less expensive unit than such conventional light sources as a Zeeman laser or an acousto-optic modulator. This source is applied to a differential interferometer to demonstrate utility for three-dimensional surface profilometry. © 1996 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Subject terms: optical heterodyne interferometry; laser diode; frequency modulation; differential interferometer; surface profilometry.
Pre-mRNA splicing within an assembled yeast spliceosome requires an RNA-dependent ATPase and ATP hydrolysis. (1993)

Unlike autocatalyzed self-splicing of group I or group II introns, the removal of pre-mRNA introns in vitro occurs in the spliceosome. The spliceosome is a multicomponent complex composed of pre-mRNA, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles, and protein factors. ATP is required for the assembly of the spliceosome and both transesterification reactions. An RNA-dependent ATPase, the product of the yeast PRP2 gene, has been shown to be involved in the first transesterification of pre-mRNA splicing but not in spliceosome assembly. By using ATP analogs, we show that hydrolysis of ATP, mediated through a PRP2-dependent step, is required for the first catalytic event of pre-mRNA splicing. Furthermore, by using a two-step purification procedure, we have isolated a PRP2-containing spliceosome within which the first transesterification readily occurs after the addition of ATP. No additional macromolecules were required. Our results suggest that PRP2 binds to the spliceosome, interacting with an unidentified RNA species in the spliceosome, hydrolyzing ATP and allowing splicing to proceed. We postulate that PRP2 may function to induce a conformational change within the spliceosome. Alternatively, PRP2 may be involved in a proofreading step prior to splicing.
Marines in the Revolution: A History of the Continental Marines in the American Revolution, 1775-1783 (1976)

Journal Article Marines in the Revolution: A History of the Continental Marines in the American Revolution, 1775–1783. By Charles R. Smith. (Washington: History and Museum Division, U.S. Marine Corps, 1975. xviii + 491 pp. Maps, illustrations, tables, appendixes, notes, bibliography, and index. $20.30.) Get access Howard H. Peckham Howard H. Peckham University of Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 63, Issue 2, September 1976, Pages 398–399, https://doi.org/10.2307/1899670 Published: 01 September 1976
A carotenoid-diporphyrin-quinone model for photosynthetic multistep electron and energy transfer (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA carotenoid-diporphyrin-quinone model for photosynthetic multistep electron and energy transferDevens. Gust, Thomas A. Moore, Ana L. Moore, Lewis R. Makings, Gilbert R. Seely, Xiaochun. Ma, Todd T. Trier, and Feng. GaoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 22, 7567–7569Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00230a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00230a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous quantitative and allele-specific expression analysis with real competitive PCR (2004)

This technique can quantify the absolute expression level of each individual allele of a gene with high precision and throughput.
Integrated Microsystems: Device and Technology Challenges (1995)

Integrated sensors have become increasingly important over the last few years in efforts to extend microelectronic-based signal processing and control into a broad range of new areas, including industrial automation, automotive systems, biomedicine, and environmental monitoring. Such devices are evolving from simple silicon transducers into sophisticated integrated microsystems containing sensors, actuators, and signal-processing electronics, all integrated on a common substrate. Highly integrated modules containing these devices together with embedded microprocessors and wireless communication links are now emerging to form ``smart'' microinstrumentation systems capable of distributed information gathering and closed-loop control. This paper discusses the device and technology options available for integrated sensors along with the challenges in integrating them with micropower electronics to form microsystems. Technology, materials, microstructures, process integration, interface circuits, CAD, and packaging are all areas where additional progress is needed, each of which offers the device designer important challenges. High-aspect-ratio dry etching, low-temperature wafer bonding, characterization of materials to 16b and beyond, precision readout and compensation techniques, better and more integrable actuation mechanisms, and chip-level encapsulation are but a few specific topics for further research. As examples of emerging microsystems, integrated microelectrode arrays are now capable of interfacing with biological neural networks at the cellular level using microstructures ≪30?m wide and containing recording electrodes, stimulating electrodes, thermal sensors, and chemical delivery channels. Three-dimensional arrays of such devices promise the ability to monitor/control most neural activity within selected volumes of tissue within the coming decade.
Decoding of redundant residue polynomial codes using Euclid's algorithm (1988)

A decoding method is proposed for the redundant residue polynomial codes, a class that includes Reed-Solomon codes. The method is based on properties of Euclid's algorithm. The advantage of the method is that the computation of both the error-locator polynomial and the error-evaluator polynomial needed in conventional decoding methods can be avoided. The method is suitable for decoding concatenated codes whose outer codes are redundant residue polynomial codes, since they are easily decoded by ignoring erasures detected in the inner codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of Wetting Agents on Various Antiseptics (1942)

Influence of Wetting Agents on Various Antiseptics C. Virginia Fisher CopyRight*Read before the Laboratory Section of the American Public Health Association at the Seventieth Annual Meeting in Atlantic City, N. J., October 14, 1941. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.32.4.389 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Exploring Weights of Hierarchical and Equivalency Relationship in General Persian Texts (2015)

A thesaurus is a reference work that lists words grouped together according to similarity of meaning (containing synonyms and sometimes antonyms), in contrast to a dictionary, which contains definitions and pronunciations. Three kinds of relationships used in a thesaurus includes: (1) equivalency, (2) hierarchy, and finally (2) association. This paper proposes a novel method to develop a classification task in general Persian context while it employs a thesaurus. Two kinds of word relationships are employed in our used thesaurus: (1) equivalency, and (2) hierarchy. Each of these kinds has a weight that can be tuned. The paper explores all possible weights for the proper ones. After that a feature selection mechanism is also employed. A host of machine learning algorithms are employed as the classifier over the frequency based features. Experimental results indicate the usage of the best weights for these relationships; can lead to a good result.
Quantitative experimental monitoring of molecular diffusion in clay withpositron emission tomography (2016)

Abstract. Clay plays a prominent role as barrier material in the geosphere. The small particle sizes cause extremely small pore sizes and induce low permeability and high sorption capacity. Transport of dissolved species by molecular diffusion, driven only by a concentration gradient, is less sensitive to the pore size. Heterogeneous structures on the centimetre scale could cause heterogeneous effects, like preferential transport zones, which are difficult to assess. Laboratory measurements with diffusion cells yield limited information on heterogeneity, and pore space imaging methods have to consider scale effects. We established positron emission tomography (PET), applying a high-resolution PET scanner as a spatially resolved quantitative method for direct laboratory observation of the molecular diffusion process of a PET tracer on the prominent scale of 1–100 mm. Although PET is rather insensitive to bulk effects, quantification required significant improvements of the image reconstruction procedure with respect to Compton scatter and attenuation. The experiments were conducted with 22Na and 124I over periods of 100 and 25 days, respectively. From the images we derived trustable anisotropic diffusion coefficients and, in addition, we identified indications of preferential transport zones. We thus demonstrated the unique potential of the PET imaging modality for geoscientific process monitoring under conditions where other methods fail, taking advantage of the extremely high detection sensitivity that is typical of radiotracer applications.
Optimizing the luminescence of lanthanide(III) macrocyclic complexes for the detection of anti-5BrdU (2002)

A Eu(III)-macrocycle-mono-isothiocyanate, Quantum Dye®, has been coupled to a monoclonal antibody against 5BrdU. Since Quantum Dyes do not undergo concentration quenching, the coupling conditions were optimized to achieve the maximum number of Eu(III) macrocycles bound to the antiBrdU, without decrease in solubility or loss of antigen-binding ability. In order to optimize the coupling conditions, a colorimetric method for the quantitation of the Eu(III)- macrocycle-mono-isothio-cyanate has been developed. A simple mixture composed of an ethanolic solution and a Gd(III)- containing aqueous solution is now used to provide lanthanide enhanced luminescence, LEL. Under LEL conditions, the specific binding of Eu(III) macrocycles to apoptotic cells has been observed in both aqueous and mounted slide preparations. A comparison between measurements of the same LEL model system, obtained in both time-gated luminescence and standard fluorescence modes, has demonstrated that time- gating significantly improves the signal to noise ratio.
Ford “S” Frame (1969)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Since statistics indicate that front impact is the major accident type, Ford has been studying energy-absorbing structures for some time. Early designs such as the “ball and tube” and “rail splitter” were discarded in favor of the “S” frame. Details of the design approach and testing are given in this paper.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Design objectives were increased effective collapse distance, compatibility with production practices, and maintenance of satisfactory noise, vibration, and harshness levels. Safety objectives are improved passenger compartment integrity and reduction of seat belt loads.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Barrier crash tests at 30 mph (equivalent to collision into standing vehicle at 50 mph) were used to evaluate the design of the “S” frame.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Results of testing indicate that occupant restraint with seat belts, combined with front end structural improvements, offer the most promise for injury reduction during service front impact accidents.</div>
Shallow Processing with Unification and Typed Feature Structures - Foundations and Applications. (2004)

Porcine-derived xenogeneic sources for transplantation are a promising alternative strategy for providing organs for treatment of end-stage organ failure in human patients because of the shortage of human donor organs. The recently developed blastocyst or pluripotent stem cell (PSC) complementation strategy opens a new route for regenerating allogenic organs in miniature pigs. Since the eye is a complicated organ with highly specialized constituent tissues derived from different primordial cell lineages, the development of an intact eye from allogenic cells is a challenging task. Here, combining somatic cell nuclear transfer technology (SCNT) and an anophthalmic pig model (<i>MITF</i><sup>L</sup><sup>247S/L247S</sup>), allogenic retinal pigmented epithelium cells (RPEs) were retrieved from an E60 chimeric fetus using blastocyst complementation. Furthermore, all structures were successfully regenerated in the intact eye from the injected donor blastomeres. These results clearly demonstrate that not only differentiated functional somatic cells but also a disabled organ with highly specialized constituent tissues can be generated from exogenous blastomeres when delivered to pig embryos with an empty organ niche. This system may also provide novel insights into ocular organogenesis.
Ultrasparse, ultrawideband arrays (1998)

This paper investigates the properties of highly thinned ultrawideband (UWB) arrays. The design aim is high resolution and very low side radiation levels (SL). One- and two-dimensional ultrasparse UWB arrays can be designed to achieve both. The minimum available pulse-echo SL is shown to approach N(-4) where N is the number of elements in the transmit and receive arrays. Periodic thinning is shown to be superior to random thinning, and amplitude taper is shown to raise the SL. Two-dimensional curvilinear deployment of elements are shown to outperform rectilinear designs, and different transmit and receive arrays in pulse-echo systems are shown to outperform systems that use the same array for transmit and receive. Very low SL is achievable in an ultrasparse UWB system with so few elements that echo signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) rather than SL becomes the constraint on the minimum number of elements required by the system for the array to be useful for imaging. For example, in ultrasonic pulse-echo breast imaging, SL approximately -70 dB is desired to distinguish small cysts from tumors. A 2-D randomly thinned array requires about 10,000 elements. A 2-D ultrasparse UWB periodic array requires less than 100 to satisfy SL, a reduction of 100:1, but provides insufficient SNR. A 500-element, 7.5 MHz array operating with 4 cm penetration depth satisfies both. Experimental results demonstrate the theory.
Signaling of a Varicelloviral Factor across the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Induces Destruction of the Peptide-loading Complex and Immune Evasion (2008)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes eliminate infected cells upon surface display of antigenic peptides on major histocompatibility complex I molecules. To promote immune evasion, UL49.5 of several varicelloviruses interferes with the pathway of major histocompatibility complex I antigen processing. However, the inhibition mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Within the macromolecular peptide-loading complex we identified the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) as the prime target of UL49.5. Moreover, we determined the active oligomeric state and crucial elements of the viral factor. Remarkably, the last two residues of the cytosolic tail of UL49.5 are essential for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated proteasomal degradation of TAP. However, this process strictly requires additional signaling of an upstream regulatory element in the ER lumenal domain of UL49.5. Within this new immune evasion mechanism, we show for the first time that additive elements of a small viral factor and their signaling across the ER membrane are essential for targeted degradation of a multi-subunit membrane complex.
No. 1 ESS: System Organization and Objectives (1964)

This paper is an introduction to the No. 1 electronic switching system, a new general-purpose switching system developed for use in the Bell System. Organization and objectives of the system are outlined to provide a background for the detailed technical papers which follow.