gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of laser-induced damage to large core silica fiber by Nd:YAG and Alexandrite lasers (2009)

As a continuation of our earlier study at 2.1 μm wavelength, we have investigated the laser damage to several types of step-index, large core (1500 μm) silica fibers at two new wavelengths by high power long pulsed Nd:YAG (1064 nm) and Alexandrite (755 nm) lasers. It was observed that fibers with different designs showed a significant difference in performance at these wavelengths. We will also report a correlation of damage to the fibers between the two laser wavelengths. The performance analyses of different fiber types under the given test conditions will enable optimization of fiber design for specific applications.
Improving performance of some irregular LDPC codes by means of three optimization techniques (2009)

In this paper we present three optimization techniques of improving the performance of some irregular low-density parity-check ensemble with determinate structure and finite block length. Firstly, its permutation matrix optimization. We present a new random permutation matrix called as the Q-matrix. We substituted Q-matrix for identity matrix in base matrix array which can be expanded into H-matrix of the irregular QC-LDPC codes recommended in IEEE 802.16e standard draft and can make the performance of this QC-LDPC codes improve about 0.4 dB. Secondly, it is large girth optimization technique. We design H-matrix of the irregular LDPC ensemble and make it at least not include 8-cycle. Thirdly, its column weight optimization technique in H-matrix of the irregular LDPC ensemble. For the presented irregular LDPC ensemble, it is not such case that the larger the column weight is and the better the performance is, but the column weight should be a moderate value.
Anatomic Dead Space Cannot Be Predicted by Body Weight (2008)

It appears that the anatomic dead space estimate methods were sufficient when used (as originally intended) together with other assumptions to identify a starting point in a ventilation algorithm, but the poor agreement between an individual patient's measured and estimated anatomic dead space contradicts the assumption that dead space can be predicted from actual or ideal weight alone.
Tunable birefringent filters - optimal iterative design (2002)

More than 50 years ago, B. Lyot and later on I. Solc introduced new types of optical filters called birefringent filters. Such filters take advantage of the phase shifts between orthogonal polarization to obtain narrow band filters. It requires birefringent wave plates for introducing phase retardation between the two orthogonal components of a linearly polarized light that correspond to the fast and slow axes of the birefringent material. In this paper we present new methods and architectures that generalize the Lyot-Ohman and Solc filters for optimally synthesizing an arbitrary all-optical filter by defining an error metric and minimizing it with simulated annealing. We also suggest the use of the electro-optic effect for controlling the retardation of individual elements that make up the tunable filter. Such a filter could be used for instance for realizing a dynamically tunable optical add/drop multiplexer in a telecommunication system.
Twente Optical Perfusion Camera: system overview and performance for video rate laser Doppler perfusion imaging (2009)

We present the Twente Optical Perfusion Camera (TOPCam), a novel laser Doppler Perfusion Imager based on CMOS technology. The tissue under investigation is illuminated and the resulting dynamic speckle pattern is recorded with a high speed CMOS camera. Based on an overall analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio of CMOS cameras, we have selected the camera which best fits our requirements. We applied a pixel-by-pixel noise correction to minimize the influence of noise in the perfusion images. We can achieve a frame rate of 0.2 fps for a perfusion image of 128x128 pixels (imaged tissue area of 7x7 cm2) if the data is analyzed online. If the analysis of the data is performed offline, we can achieve a frame rate of 26 fps for a duration of 3.9 seconds. By reducing the imaging size to 128x16 pixels, this frame rate can be achieved for up to half a minute. We show the fast imaging capabilities of the system in order of increasing perfusion frame rate. First the increase of skin perfusion after application of capsicum cream, and the perfusion during an occlusion-reperfusion procedure at the fastest frame rate allowed with online analysis is shown. With the highest frame rate allowed with offline analysis, the skin perfusion revealing the heart beat and the perfusion during an occlusion-reperfusion procedure is presented. Hence we have achieved video rate laser Doppler perfusion imaging.
A comparison of changes in the nucleus basalis and locus caeruleus in Alzheimer's disease. (1984)

In 22 patients with Alzheimer's disease loss of neurons from the nucleus basalis of Meynert and locus caeruleus averaged 58% and 71% respectively with nucleolar volume being reduced by 30% in both. These changes were greater in those patients under 80 years of age and in such patients damage to the locus was more severe than that to the nucleus basalis. In older patients (over 80 years) changes were similar in extent in both regions.
A complex image rejection circuit with sign detection only (2006)

The orthogonal property of I/Q channels is applied to adaptively correct path gain and phase errors using four sign detectors. A complex baseband S/H chip achieves an image rejection of 65dB while sampling at 40MS/s. The chip occupies 0.8times0.45mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a 0.18μm CMOS process and consumes 23mW at 1.8V
PHEMA Hydrogels Obtained by a Novel Low‐Heat Curing Procedure with a Potential for In Situ Preparation (2004)

In this work, we report on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels obtained by a low heat curing reaction. These materials are suitable for in situ preparation and therefore endowed with a potential for several biomedical applications. The novel procedure adopted involves as the first step the synthesis of a soluble oligomeric PHEMA precursor containing polymerizable functions as side substituents. As the second step, the precursor is dissolved in equal amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and water, to form a viscous but still injectable syrup. A low temperature water soluble initiator is then added. The curing reaction starts promptly and is completed within few minutes. During the entire process the internal temperature never rises above 40 degrees C. Preliminary mechanical characterizations performed on the hydrogels in their water-swollen state and diffusion tests in absorption/desorption experiments clearly indicated that on all respects the novel hydrogels are comparable with conventional PHEMA hydrogels obtained according to literature from HEMA in the presence of divinyl crosslinkers. However, the much shorter curing time combined with the far lower curing temperature endow the new hydrogels with a higher potential in view of specific surgical requirements, and particularly for in situ preparation.
El Derecho a la vivienda digna en la perspectiva del juez ordinario: análisis de su dimensión constitucional y procesal, Escuela Nacional de la magistratura (2014)

espanolAunque en mayor medida se asocia a los tribunales constitucionales como “verdaderos” agentes de cambios sociales, en este trabajo encontramos elementos de peso para extender esa misma consideracion frente a los tribunales ordinarios (esos jueces que son el rostro mas cercano a la ciudadania), aquellos que -como defiende Carlos Maria Carcova- les corresponde lidiar con los “estandares normativos frente de la dimension social de los problemas que atane resolver”. EnglishAlthough constitutional courts are usually considered the “real” agentsof social change, this paper finds weighty elements to extend this consid-eration to ordinary courts (judges who are the faces closest to citizens),those who -as Carlos Maria Carcova sustains - have to deal with “norma-tive standards of the social dimension of problems that they have to re-solve”
Research and Development of Landmine Detection System by a Compact Fusion Neutron Source (2005)

Current results are described on the research and development of an advanced anti-personnel landmine detection system by using a compact discharge-type fusion neutron source called IECF (Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement Fusion). Landmines are to be identified through backscattering of neutrons, and specific-energy capture γ-rays by hydrogen and nitrogen atoms in the landmine explosives.For this purpose, improvements in the IECF were made by various methods to achieve a drastic enhancement of neutron yields of more than 108 n/s in pulsed operation. This required R&D on the power source, as well as analysis of envisaged detection systems with multi-sensors. The results suggest promising and practical features for humanitarian landmine detection, particularly, in Afghanistan.
The stability of the MSW solution to the solar neutrino problem with respect to random matter density perturbations (1996)

We present a generalization of the resonant neutrino conversion in matter, including a random component in the matter density profile. The study is focused on the effect of such matter perturbations upon both large and small mixing angle MSW solutions to the solar neutrino problem. This is carried out both for the active-active $ν_e \ra ν_{μ,τ}$ as well as active-sterile $ν_e \ra ν_s$ conversion channels. We find that the small mixing MSW solution is much more stable (especially in $δm^2$) than the large mixing solution. Future solar neutrino experiments, such as Borexino, could probe solar matter density noise at the few percent level.
Use of a Dipeptide Chemical Library in the Development of Non-Peptide Tachykinin NK<sub>3</sub>Receptor Selective Antagonists (1996)

The use of a dipeptide library as the source of a micromolar chemical lead compound for the human tachykinin NK3 receptor is described. The screening of a dipeptide library through a cloned human NK3 receptor binding assay resulted in the identification of Boc(S)Phe(S)PheNH2 (1), which has subsequently been developed, following a 'peptoid' design strategy, into a series of high-affinity NK3 receptor selective antagonists. The structure-activity relationship of the C-terminal portion of this dipeptide lead was first explored and led to the identification of the urea derivative Boc(S)Phe(R)alphaMePheNH(CH2)7NHCONH2 (41, PD157672). This modified dipeptide has a Ke of 7 nM in blocking senktide-induced increases in intracellular calcium levels in human NK3 receptors stably expressed in CHO cells. Subsequent optimization of the N-terminal BocPhe group and the alphaMePhe residue side chain of 41 led to the identification of [S-(R*,S*)]-[2-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-1-methyl-1-[(7-ureidoheptyl)ca r bamoyl]ethyl]carbamic acid 2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl ester (60, PD161182), a non-peptide NK3 receptor selective antagonist. Compound 60 blocks the senktide-evoked increases in intracellular calcium levels in cloned human NK3 receptors stably expressed in CHO cells with Ke of 0.9 nM.
The biochemistry, metabolism and inherited defects of the pentose phosphate pathway: A review (2008)

The recent discovery of two defects (ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency and transaldolase deficiency) in the reversible part of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) has stimulated interest in this pathway. In this review we describe the functions of the PPP, its relation to other pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and an overview of the metabolic defects in the reversible part of the PPP.
The context-switch overhead inflicted by hardware interrupts (and the enigma of do-nothing loops) (2007)

The overhead of a context switch is typically associated with multitasking, where several applications share a processor. But even if only one runnable application is present in the system and supposedly runs alone, it is still repeatedly preempted in favor of a different thread of execution, namely, the operating system that services periodic clock interrupts. We employ two complementing methodologies to measure the overhead incurred by such events and obtain contradictory results.
Optical measurement of the change in trunk volume with breathing. (1985)

Optical mapping provides three-dimensional information about the size and shape of the trunk. We have used the technique to measure and partition the volume change of the trunk with breathing in upright subjects. In 13 subjects, 12 of whom were normal and one scoliotic, respired volume could be measured with an average error (+/- SEM) of 170 +/- 20 ml. In one of the normal subjects, 24 measurements of respired volume were in error by, on average, 120 +/- 20 ml. In a further eight normal subjects, partitioning of ventilation showed that the anterior trunk contributed 91 +/- 12%, the back 9 +/- 12%, the upper trunk 43 +/- 4%, the lower trunk 57 +/- 4% and the right and left sides 50 +/- 2% each, to a vital capacity expiration. The measurements of respired volume suggest that the technique is sufficiently accurate for clinical purposes, but it offers the added advantage that the information generated can be used to determine the spatial distribution of each breath.
Contrastive Learning for Compact Single Image Dehazing (2021)

Single image dehazing is a challenging ill-posed problem due to the severe information degeneration. However, existing deep learning based dehazing methods only adopt clear images as positive samples to guide the training of dehazing network while negative information is unexploited. Moreover, most of them focus on strengthening the dehazing network with an increase of depth and width, leading to a significant requirement of computation and memory. In this paper, we propose a novel contrastive regularization (CR) built upon contrastive learning to exploit both the information of hazy images and clear images as negative and positive samples, respectively. CR ensures that the restored image is pulled to closer to the clear image and pushed to far away from the hazy image in the representation space. Furthermore, considering trade-off between performance and memory storage, we develop a compact dehazing network based on autoencoder-like (AE) framework. It involves an adaptive mixup operation and a dynamic feature enhancement module, which can benefit from preserving information flow adaptively and expanding the receptive field to improve the network's transformation capability, respectively. We term our dehazing network with autoencoder and contrastive regularization as AECR-Net. The extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our AECR-Net surpass the state-of-the-art approaches. The code is released in https://github.com/GlassyWu/AECR-Net.
Studies of Ring Closure via Aryne Intermediates<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of Ring Closure via Aryne Intermediates1J. F. Bunnett, Tetsuzo Kato, Roland R. Flynn, and J. A. SkorczCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1, 1–6Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01036a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01036a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views601Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Type IV Collagen and Laminin on the Cryopreservation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2004)

Previous reports have indicated that extracellular matrices (ECMs) affect the developmental fate of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Specially, type IV collagen and laminin, which belong to a group of macromolecular proteins with a substantial proportion of ECMs, are known to influence the proliferation and differentiation of hES cells. In this study, we evaluated the effects of type IV collagen and laminin in freezing medium on the survival and differentiation rates of hES cells after slow freezing and rapid thawing. The addition of type IV collagen (1 microg/ml) to the freezing medium significantly increased the survival rate of hES cells after thawing compared with that of a control group. The spontaneous differentiation rates of groups treated with type IV collagen (1 microg/ml) or laminin (1 microg/ml) were significantly lower than those of the control group. Frozen-thawed hES cells have currently been cultured for more than 70 passages and retain key properties of hES cells such as morphological characteristics, normal karyotype, marker expression (alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, Rex-1, and Oct-4), basement membrane-related gene expression, and the potential to differentiate into derivatives of all three germ layers. This new slow freezing method by ECM treatment is a reliable and effective cryopreservation method for pluripotent hES cells.
A method of license plate extraction using a fast pyramid hierarchical hough transformation (1988)

Abstract Previously, the authors proposed a method of extracting the region of a vehicle number‐plate using the Hough transformation with a restricted parameter plane. The method offers a significant reduction of the amounts of memories and their processing time which are required for storing the parameter plane in a conventional Hough transformation. This paper describes a further improvement of the method in its processing speed. In the processing, first, a pyramid hierarchy is applied to the original image; second, some preliminarily selected straight lines are extracted from the image with a pyramid hierarchy; finally, the region of the original image corresponding to each straight line is obtained. This method restricts the computation of the plane‐region‐distracted Hough transformation into the region of the straight lines already obtained so that calculation points and the processing time are reduced. As an example of application of the method, extraction of license plates is described.
In-Situ MVA of CO<sub>2 </sub>Sequestration Using Smart Field Technology (2014)

Capability of underground carbon dioxide storage to confine and sustain injected CO2 for a long period of time is the main concern for geologic CO2 sequestration. If a leakage from a geological CO2 sequestration site occurs, it is crucial to find the approximate amount and the location of the leak, in a timely manner, in order to implement proper remediation activities. An overwhelming majority of research and development for storage site monitoring has been concentrated on atmospheric, surface or near surface monitoring of the sequestered CO2 . This study aims to monitor the integrity of CO2 storage at the reservoir level. This work proposes developing in-situ CO2 Monitoring and Verification technology based on the implementation of Permanent Down-hole Gauges (PDG) or “Smart Wells” along with Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining (AI&DM). The technology attempts to identify the characteristics of the CO2 leakage by de-convolving the pressure signals collected from Permanent Down-hole Gauges (PDG). Citronelle field, a saline aquifer reservoir, located in the U.S. was considered as the basis for this study. A reservoir simulation model for CO2 sequestration in the Citronelle field was developed and history matched. PDGs were installed, and therefore were considered in the numerical model, at the injection well and an observation well. Upon completion of the history matching process, high frequency pressure data from PDGs were generated using the history matched numerical model using different CO2 leakage scenarios. Since pressure signal behaviors were too complicated to de-convolute using any existing mathematical formulations, a Machine Learning-based technology was introduced for this purpose. An Intelligent Leakage Detection System (ILDS) was developed as the result of this effort using the machine learning and pattern recognition technologies. The ILDS is able to detect leakage characteristics in a short period of time (less than a day from its occurrence) demonstrating the capability of the system in quantifying leakage characteristics subject to complex rate behaviors. The performance of ILDS is examined under different conditions such as multiple well leakages, cap rock leakage, availability of an additional monitoring well, presence of pressure drift and noise in the pressure sensor and uncertainty in the reservoir model.
[The morphology and formation of micronuclei of blood lymphocytes in man after cessation of gossypol administration]. (1986)

2 groups of men were compared under controlled experimental conditions. Group A consisted of men who were administered gossypol over a period of 2 months (subgroup I), and 9 months (subgroup II); those in group B were never administered gossypol. This experiment was performed in order to determine the levels of formation of micronuclei of blood lymphocytes in males after the administration of gossypol is terminated. The results indicate that subgroup I had a slightly higher evidence of micronuclei than subgroup II, but remarkably higher than group B. Among the blood lymphocytes, scientists discovered 1 with 22 micronuclei capable of generating more micronuclei. It is suggested that gossypol might possibly cause genes to break up.
Occam algorithms for computing visual motion (1995)

The standard approach to computing motion relies on pixel correspondence. Computational schemes impose additional constraints, such as smoothness and continuity of the motion vector even though these are not directly related to pixel correspondence. This paper proposes an alternative to the multiple constraints approach. By drawing analogy with machine learning, motion is computed as a function that accurately predicts frames. The Occam-Razor principle suggests that among all functions that accurately predict the second frame from the first frame, the best predictor is the "simplest," and simplicity can be rigorously defined in terms of encoding length. An implementation of a practical algorithm is described. Experiments with real video sequences verify the algorithm assumptions by showing that motion in typical sequences can be accurately described in terms of a few parameters. Our particular choice of predictors produces results that compare very favorably with other image flow algorithms in terms of accuracy and compactness. It may, however, be too constrained to enable accurate recovery of 3D motion and structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>