gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directed in Vitro Evolution of Therapeutic Bacteriophages: The Appelmans Protocol (2019)

The 'Appelmans protocol' is used by Eastern European researchers to generate therapeutic phages with novel lytic host ranges. Phage cocktails are iteratively grown on a suite of mostly refractory bacterial isolates until the evolved cocktail can lyse the phage-resistant strains. To study this process, we developed a modified protocol using a cocktail of three <i>Pseudomonas</i> phages and a suite of eight phage-resistant (including a common laboratory strain) and two phage-sensitive <i>Pseudomona aeruginosa</i> strains. After 30 rounds of selection, phages were isolated from the evolved cocktail with greatly increased host range. Control experiments with individual phages showed little host-range expansion, and genomic analysis of one of the broad-host-range output phages showed its recombinatorial origin, suggesting that the protocol works predominantly via recombination between phages. The Appelmans protocol may be useful for evolving therapeutic phage cocktails as required from well-defined precursor phages.
Improved thermal analysis of buried landmines (2004)

In this paper, we address the problem of the detection and identification of surface-laid and shallowly buried landmines from measured infrared images. A three-dimensional thermal model has been developed to study the effect of the presence of landmines in the thermal signature of the bare soil. Based on this model, a target identification procedure is proposed aiming at detecting and classifying the anomalies found on the soil thermal signature. In our approach, landmines are thought of as a thermal barrier in the natural flow of the heat inside the soil, which produces a perturbation of the expected thermal pattern on the surface. The detection of these perturbations will put into evidence the presence of potential mine targets. We propose an iterative procedure to classify the detected perturbations as mines or nonmines and to estimate their depth of burial. This paper describes the main principles of our method and illustrates classification results on a set of acquired images. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with independent component analysis are also given.
Spawning Behavior and Fecundity of Lampreys from the Upper Three Great Lakes (1980)

Five species of lampreys are found in the upper three Great Lakes. All species require certain physical factors for successful spawning such as suitable bottom substrates, water velocities, and temperatures. Nest construction (usually started by males) and spawning behavior are similar although some differences exist. In sea lamprey an average spawning act lasts about 2–5 s and is repeated every 4–5 min; generally nesting is monogamous with little polyandrous nesting (1.2–5.0%); average egg production is about 60 000 eggs. An estimated 86% of the eggs of sea lamprey are not deposited in the nests; however, the fertilization and survival of eggs deposited in the nest is high and may approach 90%.Key words: Petromyzon marinus, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, I. castaneus, I. fossor, Lampetra lamottei, spawning requirement, nest construction, fecundity, nest productivity, water temperature
Role of aramchol in steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice (2017)

Aramchol treatment improved steatohepatitis and fibrosis by 1) decreasing SCD1, and 2) increasing the flux through the transsulfuration pathway maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. We also demonstrated that the 0.1MCD model resembles the metabolic phenotype observed in about 50% of NAFLD patients, which supports the potential use of Aramchol in NASH treatment.
Deficiency of Cell Mediated Immunity in Leprosy (1986)

Au cours de la lepre lepromateuse (LL), les patients ne peuvent developper une reponse immunitaire a mediation cellulaire contre M. Leprae. Ce deficit immunologique est specifiquement en rapport avec les antigenes M. Leprae. Les lymphocytes LL sont incapables de produire de l'interleukine 2 (IL-2) en reponse a M. Leprae mais leur multiplication cellulaire en reponse a cet antigene peut etre restauree par IL-2. Ces donnees, et le fait que les macrophages LL fonctionnent normalement, sembleraient indiquer que le deficit immunologique dans la Lepre lepromateuse serait du a un deficit en cellules T. Un tel deficit pourrait etre provoque par les cellules T suppressives, induites par les antigenes specifiques de M. Leprae
The Alkaloids of Tabernanthe iboga. Part VI.<sup>1</sup> The Synthesis of the Selenium Dehydrogenation Products from Ibogamine (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Alkaloids of Tabernanthe iboga. Part VI.1 The Synthesis of the Selenium Dehydrogenation Products from IbogamineH. B. MacPhillamy, R. L. Dziemian, R. A. Lucas, and M. E. KuehneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 9, 2172–2178Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01542a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01542a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views682Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of T4 phage restriction by plasmid Rts 1. Cleavage of T4 phage DNA by Rts 1-specific enzyme. (1980)

Rts 1 is a plasmid which confers upon host bacteria the c a p a c i t y to restrict T4 phage growth at 32°C but not at 42°C.This restriction was not dependent on cellular adenyl cyclase, while other phenotypes of Rts 1, such as the temperature-sensitive effect on host growth, were dependent on this enzyme.At 32"C, in Escherichia coli 2OSO/Rts 1 cells, 55 to 60% of the parental T4 phage D N A became acid-soluble within 5 to 10 min after infection, while in E. coli JC7623/Rts 1 cells, which lack exonuclease I and V, very little T4 D N A became acidsoluble.The capacity of E. coli 2OSO/Rts 1 to degrade infecting T, DNA decreased 70% within 15 min after shifting the temperature to 42°C.Temperature shift up and down experiments in the presence of chloramphenicol showed that the protein responsible f o r T, D N A cleavage is thermosensitive, and once it is denatured it cannot regain its activity by lowering the temperature to 32°C in vivo.Alkaline sucrose g r a d i e n t centrifugat i o n revealed that the infecting Tq D N A was nicked in the presence o f Rts 1 at 32"C, but not at 42°C in E. coli JC7623.The cell-free extract o f E. coli JC7623/Rts 1 grown at 32°C contained an enzyme which converted Tq D N A to smaller but acid-insoluble fragments.This enzyme could not be detected in E. coli JC7623 or E. coli JC7623/Rts 1 grown at 42°C.The enzyme was rapidly inactivated when incubated at 42°C in vitro.A n a l y s i s of the reaction product by gel electrophoresis and alkaline and sodium dodecyl sulfate-neutral sucrose density gradient centrifugation, showed marked heterogeneity o f the in vitro reaction product.This enzyme d i d not cleave either T7 D N A or nonglucosylated T4 D N A under the same experimental conditions.Only M$+ was required f o r i t s activity.These experiments suggest that the plasmid Rts 1 codes f o r a thermosensitive enzyme which specifically degrades glucosylated T, DNA, resulting in the restriction of T, phage growth at 32°C but not at 42°C.This enzyme, named Rts 1 endonuclease, was purified approximately 500-fold.Rts 1 is a drug resistance factor which has various thermosensitive phenotypes.For example, it influences the host growth pattern, depending on the temperature (1, 2), while the conjugal transfer of this plasmid as well as synthesis of covalently closed circular form of Rts 1 is also thermosensitive (3,4).In addition, a linear form of this plasmid, instead of the conventional covalently closed circular form, may exist and replicate as such at 42°C ( 5 ) .This plasmid confers upon its host resistance to kanamycin as well as to cupric ions (4, 6).
Cinacalcet modifies the pH of solutions in vitro: possible implications for gastro-intestinal side effects in vivo (2007)

RIG-I in diseased human kidneys by an immunohistochemical technique.
Predictive mean search algorithms for fast VQ encoding of images (1995)

All improved minimum distortion encoding method called predictive mean search (PMS) algorithm is proposed for image vector quantization in this paper. With the proposed method, the minimum distortion codeword can be found by searching only a portion of the codebook and its relative address to the origin of search is sent instead of absolute address. Two schemes are proposed to transmit the relative address of the minimum distortion codeword. Simulation results show that a significant reduction in both computations and bit-rates is achieved by using the proposed methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surgical risk of hemorrhage in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. (1991)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is increasingly recognized as a cause of lobar cerebral hemorrhage in normotensive elderly individuals. Isolated reports have suggested that neurosurgical intervention entails a high risk of precipitated hemorrhage. We identified 16 pathologically confirmed cases of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Fourteen of these patients presented with lobar cerebral hemorrhage. Fifteen neurosurgical procedures in eight patients included eight clot evacuations, three abscess drainage procedures, two ventriculoperitoneal shunts, one biopsy, and one lobectomy. Recurrent postoperative cerebral hemorrhage was seen in four patients at 2 days, 9 days, 6 weeks, and 10 months, but surgery was thought to have precipitated the cerebral hemorrhage in only one patient. Recurrent cerebral hemorrhage also was seen in two of the eight nonoperated cases. Recurrent cerebral hemorrhage is characteristic of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, but we conclude that neurosurgical intervention, particularly evacuation of hematomas, is not associated with major risk of precipitated hemorrhage.
Distributed optical fibre sensors (1990)

This paper presents a summary review of the field of distributed optical fibre sensors:The basic principles are outlined and the direction of recent development In the field is Indicated. The verbal presentation will be illustrated with slides showing some recent engineering applications. No attempt has been made to cover all of the developments in this extensive field. Instead, a brief overview is given, with a more comprehensive list of references and bibliography included for further reading.
Phase 3 study comparing the use of docetaxel on an every‐3‐week versus weekly schedule in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (2008)

Compared with patients who received weekly docetaxel, those who received docetaxel every 3 weeks had a higher response rate but experienced similar PFS and OS and a more pronounced toxicity.
Role of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase type II in the brain (2009)

PKG is one of the most important downstream effector of the NO/natriuretic peptides cGMP pathway. Of the two types of PKG, within the brain PKG I is almost exclusively expressed in the cerebellum. By contrast PKG II has a much wider expression in the brain, indicating that it is most likely to be the mediator of cGMP actions. However, subcellular distribution and the function of PKG II in the brain is still unknown. Western blot analysis using a PKG II specific antibody confirmed previous reports that PKG II is highly expressed in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus and thalamus and absent in the cerebellum. In comparison, we found that PKG I is highly expressed in the cerebellum and hypothalamus and very weakly expressed in the hippocampus and cortex. Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions from adult brain shows that PKG II is present in both the pre and postsynaptic fractions and is enriched in the membrane fractions. PKG II is also enriched in the synaptosomal membrane fraction of embryonic rat brain subcellular fractions. Immunocytochemisty using the PKG II antibody indicates that PKG II is present in both the cell body and processes of cortical, hippocampal and thalamic neurons in culture. PKG II was found to co-localize with both the presynaptic marker, synaptophysin and the postsynaptic marker PSD-95, indicating that PKG II is present at the synapse. Using wild type (wt) and non-myristoylated mutant PKG II proteins it was demonstrated that N-myristoylation (N-myr) is important for targeting of PKG II to membranes and distal ends of filopodia like structures in COS-1 and HEK-293 cells. Full length wt PKG II and wt regulatory PKG JJ proteins, when overexpressed in hippocampal neurons targeted to the synapse, however, a G2A PKG II mutant, which does not undergo myristoylation had a much more diffuse distribution in the entire cell and did not target to the synapse. This indicates that N-myr is important for proper targeting of PKG II. Overexpression of the dominant negative regulatory domain of PKG II in hippocampal neurons caused a 2.5-fold increase in filopodia in young neurons and a 2-fold increase in spine like structures in older neurons compared to GFP overexpressing cells. Such an effect was not observed with the FLwt PKG II. The non-myristoylated forms of PKG II overexpressing cells did not show an increase in filopodia/spine like structures, indicating that proper targeting of PKG II through myristoylation is important for the regulatory domain to have a dominant negative effect. This indicates that PKG II is most likely to play a role in neuronal development and regulation of synaptogenesis.
A Generic Spatial Decision-support System for Planning Retail Facilities (2020)

Different approaches to spatial decision-support systems have been proposed dependent on whether emphasis is put on the generation of information, the visualisation of data and presentation of documents or group processes. The spatial DSS described here is based on a GIS which offers functions for management, visualisation and elementary analysis of the spatial data involved. The specific software used is called TransCAD, which offers relatively advanced analytic tools particularly in the field of transportation. Several studies have shown the usefulness of location-allocation modelling for retail planning. Location Planner uses these models to support the generation of optional strategies in locating new outlets/centres. This chapter introduces a spatial DSS for retail planning in both public and private sector contexts. The described DSS provides a generic problem-solving environment which can be tailored to specific information needs. The system supports decision making up to the strategic level, where the system incorporates expertise to help users in structuring complex problems and applying appropriate models.
Photochemical Access to Tetra- and Pentacyclic Terpene-like Products from <i>R</i>-(+)-Sclareolide (2003)

Fused tetracyclic oxetanes 4, highly substituted cyclobutenes 6, and the pentacyclic derivatives 7 and 8 were obtained by irradiation of derivatives 3 that were prepared from commercial R-(+)-sclareolide (1) in three steps. Compounds 4 are formed through a Paterno-Büchi reaction, while tricyclic derivatives 6 are the fragmentation products of the first formed oxetanes. In clear contrast, cyclopentenyl and 3-furyl derivatives, 3e and 3f, gave the [2+2] adducts, namely pentacyclic derivatives 7 and 8. All the reported reactions are totally regio- and stereoselective, with the exception of the cyclization of furyl derivative 3f, which gave the mixture of both the crossed (7b) and the right (8) isomers.
Low interchannel crosstalk wavelength routing switch based on bulk acousto-optic tunable filters (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel bulk acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) based wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical routing switch free-space architecture that is designed to greatly suppress leakage noise via both spatial and electronic noise blocking techniques. Such a WDM switch, to the best of the author's knowledge, has not been proposed uses bulk-optics.
Studies on gastric antiulcer active agents. III. Synthesis of 1-substituted 4-(5-tetrazolyl)thio-1-butanones and related compounds. (1989)

Many 1-substituted 4-(5-tetrazolyl)thio-1-butanones were synthesized and tested for antiulcer activity against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. These compounds were prepared by the reaction of 5-mercaptotetrazoles and 4-halogeno-1-butanones. Among them, 1-cyclohexyl-4-(1-phenyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio-1-butanone (VIIIp) was found to have the most potent activity. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Ultra-high speed long distancenonlinear waveform reshaping transmissionusing adiabatic soliton compressionand narrowband sliding-frequency filter (1996)

Nonlinear waveform reshaping transmission is proposed utilising dispersion decreasing transmission fibres and narrowband sliding-frequency filters. This technique is numerically confirmed to achieve >2500 km transmission at 80 Gbit/s.
Vector Computer Memory Bank Contention (1987)

A number of recent vector supercomputer designs have featured main memories with very large capacities, and presumably even larger memories are planned for future generations. While the memory chips used in these computers can store much larger amounts of data than before, their operation speeds are rather slow when compared to the significantly faster CPU (central processing unit) circuitry in new supercomputer designs. A consequence of this speed disparity between CPU's and main memory is that memory access times and memory bank reservation times (as measured in CPU ticks) are sharply increased from previous generations.
The optimum experimental design for reconstruction of flame-front propagation in a long pipe (1998)

By using spline polynomials with free nodal points, the propagation of a flame front and its velocity in a long pipe is reconstructed from incomplete and only relative data produced by optical sensors. The proposed method of reconstruction is illustrated by processing of results obtained for a stoichiometric hydrogen - air mixture (1 bar, ambient temperature) ignited by a single hot wire in a smooth-walled detonation tube (diameter D = 110 mm; length 21 m). The optimum nodal points of the splines (15D, 85D and 100D) divide the piping into four physically different parts. A stationary detonation velocity from position 100D and a maximum velocity about at 85D are observed. (A neglect of the predetonation excess velocity provides only a misleading mean detonation speed from 67D.) Using the theory of experimental design, the minimum number (11) and optimum positions of monitoring sensors within the characteristic regions of the whole pipe are calculated. With respect to the complexity of the deflagration-to-detonation transition, also the optimum distribution of 16 sensors is discussed.
Synthesis by word concatenation (1999)

Verbmobil is a speaker-independent system that offers translation assistance in dialogue situations.In co-operation with other institutes we are developing the speech synthesis module within Verbmobil for German and American English.Current priority is given to an enhancement of naturalness of our PSOLA based concatenative synthesis of German.Due to a tight schedule we investigated alternative methods to our traditional approach.In our opinion, quality enhancement of PSOLA based concatenative synthesis has reached its limits.We decided to avoid concatenation points and prosodic manipulations as much as possible.Our new approach obtains prosodic diversity by using those synthesis units which inherently possess the necessary prosodic features.To get fast results we started with words as primary synthesis units.The outcome is encouraging.Even a first version of our system frequently succeeds in synthesising utterances with close to natural quality.
Context Information for Fast Cell Discovery in mm-wave 5G Networks (2015)

The exploitation of the mm-wave bands is one of the most promising solutions for 5G mobile radio networks. However, the use of mm-wave technologies in cellular networks is not straightforward due to mm-wave harsh propagation conditions that limit access availability. In order to overcome this obstacle, hybrid network architectures are being considered where mm-wave small cells can exploit an overlay coverage layer based on legacy technology. The additional mm-wave layer can also take advantage of a functional split between control and user plane, that allows to delegate most of the signaling functions to legacy base stations and to gather context information from users for resource optimization. However, mm-wave technology requires high gain antenna systems to compensate for high path loss and limited power, e.g., through the use of multiple antennas for high directivity. Directional transmissions must be also used for the cell discovery and synchronization process, and this can lead to a non-negligible delay due to the need to scan the cell area with multiple transmissions at different directions. In this paper, we propose to exploit the context information related to user position, provided by the separated control plane, to improve the cell discovery procedure and minimize delay. We investigate the fundamental trade-offs of the cell discovery process with directional antennas and the effects of the context information accuracy on its performance. Numerical results are provided to validate our observations.
Model-based systems engineering of automotive systems (2002)

The primary products of systems engineers all seem to be documents such, as specifications and trade-off studies. Communicating the requirements to hardware and software designers with documents is fraught with problems. By using a model-based approach to systems engineering, there is no ambiguity. The model fully defines the functional behavior, inputs and outputs, and the physical architecture, as well as the performance and resource requirements. This method provides a unified, consistent and traceable design. This paper describes the design of the Automotive Personal Assistance System (APAS) exploiting the features of the Global Positioning System, which is similar to the Cadillac OnStar System. It includes the entire systems engineering life cycle, from source requirements analysis, through behavior analysis and physical architecture, to verification and validation. The behavior model can be fully executed to verify its correctness long before money is wasted building prototypes. The use of the model-based approach will aid in the reduction of product cost and the increase in product quality.
Physiology of Cholangiocytes (2012)

Cholangiocytes are epithelial cells that line the intra- and extrahepatic ducts of the biliary tree. The main physiologic function of cholangiocytes is modification of hepatocyte-derived bile, an intricate process regulated by hormones, peptides, nucleotides, neurotransmitters, and other molecules through intracellular signaling pathways and cascades. The mechanisms and regulation of bile modification are reviewed herein.