gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy material by polymerase chain reaction (1992)

By using primers based on the sequence of a species-specific antigen of Helicobacter pylori (P. O'Toole, S.M. Logan, M. Kostrzynska. T. Wadström, and T.J. Trust, J. Bacteriol. 173:505-513, 1991), a protocol was established for detection of this microorganism in gastric biopsy samples by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A single primer pair was used to specifically amplify a 298-bp sequence in a rapid two-step PCR. The primers exhibited the same specificity in PCR as that which we reported for the species-specific gene probe on which they were based. The sensitivity of the method was 20 copies of the target sequence, or 70 bacterial cells, under the lysis conditions used for patient-derived material. When amplification was performed for a saturating number of cycles, visual examination of ethidium bromide-stained gels successfully detected all samples subsequently judged to be positive by Southern hybridization of the gel with a probe specific for the PCR product. The bacterium could be detected in gastric biopsy samples from patients with various gastric diseases, including samples from which the bacterium could not be cultured. Only 9 of 19 patients who tested positive by PCR of gastric biopsy material were positive when a saliva sample was analyzed. Protocols for sample handling which minimized the risk of contamination while maximizing the sensitivity of the reaction were established. The results support a role for PCR in the rapid identification of H. pylori in clinical samples.
A survey of developments in ultrasonic NDE of concrete (1994)

The goal of this paper is to develop an understanding of the current state of ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation in the concrete community. Methods supplemental to the less than satisfactory procedure specified in ASTM C-597 are discussed. It is hoped that such an understanding, in conjunction with a feeling for the nature of reinforced concrete as a material, will promote research interest in this important field. Following an introductory problem statement, a literature review concerning the existing use of stress waves for the nondestructive evaluation of concrete is presented. An examination of current practice is offered. Next, new approaches are selected and reviewed from the current literature. In all cases, these are approaches that have been successful in applications to advanced engineering materials other than concrete. Where appropriate, potential benefits and pitfalls of each new technique, as applied to concrete, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hypoxia-dependent reduction of 1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol by Chinese hamster ovary cells and KHT tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. (1976)

Incubation of Chinese hamster ovary cells and KHT murine fibrosarcoma tumor cells in the absence of oxygen with 1-[2-14C]nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol, one of the most effective radiation sensitizers of hypoxic cells, results in the preferential reduction of 1-[2-14C]nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol. The radioactivity associated with the acid-insoluble precipitate from cells incubated in nitrogen is about four times higher than that of cells incubated in air. When aqueous extracts of tissues of a C3H mouse bearing the KHT tumor, after i.p. injection with 1-[2-14C]nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol, are analyzed, a reduction product is found in relatively higher yields in the tumor than in normal tissues. The relative radioactivity in the pellet from the tumor homogenate is also high in comparison with those of most normal tissues. These results provide suggestive evidence for a higher degree of hypoxic in the tumor than in most normal tissues. The formation of reduction products and their subsequent binding to macromolecules may explain the preferential toxicity of nitro compounds to mammalian cells under hypoxia conditions. These results suggest that some nitro compounds may be useful for the treatment of tumors having a high fraction of hypoxic cells even in the absence of radiation.
AgentJ: Enabling Java NS-2 Simulations for Large Scale Distributed Multimedia Applications (2006)

We present a framework, called AgentJ that extends the NS-2 platform to support the simulation and performance analysis of Java network applications. We particularly focus on the simulation of P2P networks and have already integrated the P2PS middleware for the simulation of super-peer networks for discovering participants in large scale Internet applications, which has a high significance for distributed multimedia applications to enable overlays for the discovery and searching across large numbers of distributed multimedia resources. AgentJ builds upon the numerous years of networking research with NS-2 and leverages the Protolib toolkit from NRL to facilitate the passing of real data between NS-2 nodes, thereby creating a platform for the simulation of content-based middleware and applications. AgentJ currently supports UDP unicast and multicast and maintains compatible programming interfaces with the standard Java network package as well as the NS-2 scripting interfaces employed for staging simulations
Writing and reading bits on pre-patterned media (2004)

We have written and read back bits on perpendicular pre-patterned media prepared by electron-beam lithography. Using a contact tester equipped with a standard longitudinal head, we are able to write different bit lengths on 100×200 nm2 dots spaced 100 nm apart. These tests demonstrate the role played by the distribution of the coercive fields of the dots during the write process. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are obtained by numerical analysis and are found to be on the same order of magnitude as in continuous perpendicular media, but remain constant at decreasing bit lengths. This property of the SNR is due to a partial reduction of transition noise. The potential to pattern these media with nanoimprint lithography and their good recording performance make them candidates for ultrahigh density recording.
Long-term culture of hepatic progenitors derived from mouse Dlk+ hepatoblasts (2004)

We previously demonstrated that hepatoblasts can be isolated from mouse fetal liver based on the expression of delta-like [corrected] (Dlk), also known as Pref-1. Each Dlk+ hepatoblast forms a colony containing both albumin+ hepatocytes and cytokeratin 19+ (CK19) cholangiocytic cells on either type IV collagen or laminin. Here we show that extracellular matrices (ECMs) significantly affect the growth of Dlk+ cells. Dlk+ cells vigorously proliferated on type IV collagen-coated dishes in the presence of EGF and HGF during the first 5 days, but their proliferative capability declined thereafter. Dlk+ cells also proliferated on laminin-coated plates and some colonies continued to expand even beyond one month after plating. These hepatic progenitor cells proliferating on laminin (HPPL) efficiently proliferated even after replating. Moreover, they were induced to differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes by overlaying Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma (EHS) gel and by embedding in type I collagen gel, respectively. HPPL acquired the metabolic functions of accumulating polysaccharides and detoxifying ammonium ions after hepatic differentiation. Surprisingly, HPPL expressed pancreatic genes such as Pdx1 when dexamethasone was depleted from the culture medium. Therefore, the long-term culture of hepatoblasts on laminin produces multi-potential hepatic progenitors, which possess a strong proliferative capability, differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, and potentially give rise to pancreatic cells.
A statistically based, highly accurate text-line segmentation method (1999)

This paper describes a text-line identification and segmentation technique that is probability based, where all probabilities are estimated from an extensive training set of various kind of measurements of distances between the terminal and non-terminal entities with which the algorithm works. The off-line probabilities estimated in the training then drive all decisions in the on-line segmentation algorithm. On the UW-III database of some 1600 scanned document image pages, having some 105020 text lines, the algorithm identifies and segments 104773 correctly, an accuracy of 99.76%.
Product Form Solutions for Multiserver Centers with Hierarchical Concurrency Constraints (1992)

We establish the quasireversibility of a certain exponential multiserver queue. The queuing discipline imposes restrictions on the numbers of customers of different classes and subclasses that can be served simultaneously. Customer loss is also allowed. Due to its quasireversibility the queue can be used as a node in a product form network. Our work generalizes work of Le Boudec, Krzesinski, and Crosby.
Characterization of an acetyl xylan esterase from the marine bacterium Ochrovirga pacifica and its synergism with xylanase on beechwood xylan (2019)

Resulted higher relative activity of rAXE with commercially available xylanase on beechwood xylan showed its potential for the use of rAXE in industrial purposes as a de-esterification enzyme to hydrolyze xylan and hemicellulose-like complex substrates.
Combining Metabolic Engineering and Electrocatalysis: Application to the Production of Polyamides from Sugar (2016)

Biorefineries aim to convert biomass into a spectrum of products ranging from biofuels to specialty chemicals. To achieve economically sustainable conversion, it is crucial to streamline the catalytic and downstream processing steps. In this work, a route that combines bio- and electrocatalysis to convert glucose into bio-based unsaturated nylon-6,6 is reported. An engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as the initial biocatalyst for the conversion of glucose into muconic acid, with the highest reported muconic acid titer of 559.5 mg L(-1) in yeast. Without any separation, muconic acid was further electrocatalytically hydrogenated to 3-hexenedioic acid in 94 % yield despite the presence of biogenic impurities. Bio-based unsaturated nylon-6,6 (unsaturated polyamide-6,6) was finally obtained by polymerization of 3-hexenedioic acid with hexamethylenediamine.
Microfabrication and optical study of reactive ion etched InGaAsP/InP and GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wires (1990)

Microfabrication of reactive ion etched InGaAsP/InP and GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wire structures with dimensions down to 30 nm has been achieved. From time-resolved photoluminescence, the importance of surface recombination effects is outlined in both systems. It is shown that the use of epitaxial overgrowth leads to a significant increase of the carrier lifetime in GaAs/GaAlAs wires, so that emission of very narrow wires (width&lt;40 nm) can be detected. The possible assignment of the observed shifts of the cw photoluminescence peak energies to additional lateral confinement effects is discussed.
The Molluscicidal Factor of Tannin-Bearing Plants (1986)

The hydrolyzable and condensed tannins were found to be the common molluscicidal factor of tannin-bearing plants in the control of freshwater snails which transmit schistosomiasis in the Sudan and other countries. This was based on the variable molluscicidal activity exhibited by these plants, indicating their chemotaxonomic interrelationship.
Synthesis gas solubility in Fischer-Tropsch slurry: Final report (1988)

The objective is to investigate the phase equilibrium behavior of synthesis gases and products in a Fischer-Tropsch slurry reactor. A semi-flow apparatus has been designed and constructed for this purpose. Measurements have been made for hydrogen, cabon monoxide, methane, ethane, ethylene, and carbon dioxide in a heavy n-paraffin at temperatures from 100 to 300)degree)C and pressures 10 to 50 atm. Three n-paraffin waxes: n-eicosane (n-C/sub 20/), n-octacosane )n-C/sub 28/), and n-hexatriacontane (n-C/sub 36/), were studied to model the industrial wax. Solubility of synthesis gas mixtures of H/sub 2/ and CO in n-C/sub 28/ was also determined at two temperatures (200 and 300)degree)C) for each of three gas compositions (40.01, 50.01, and 66.64 mol%) of hydrogen). Measurements were extended to investigate the gas solubility in two industrial Fischer-Tropsch waxes: Mobilwax and SASOL wax. Observed solubility increases in the order: H/sub 2/, CO, CH/sub 4/, CO/sub 2/, C/sub 2/H/sub 4/, C/sub 2/H/sub 6/, at a given temperature pressure, and in the same solvent. Solubility increases with increasing pressure for all the gases. Lighter gases H/sub 2/ and CO show increased solubility with increasing temperature, while the heavier gases CO/sub 2/, ethane, and ethylene show decreased solubility with increasing temperature. The solubility of methane, the intermediate gas, changes little with temperature, and shows a shallow minimum at about 200)degrees)C or somewhat above. Henry's constant and partial molal volume of the gas solute at infinite dilution are determinedfrom the gas solubility data. A correlation is developed from the experimental data in the form on an equation of state. A computer program has been prepared to implement the correlation. 19 refs., 66 figs., 39 tabs.
Chemical Variation in Amanita (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Variation in AmanitaJohn A. Beutler and Ara H. Der MarderosianCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1981, 44, 4, 422–431Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50016a005https://doi.org/10.1021/np50016a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NORTH AMERICAN OCEAN ENERGY STATUS - MARCH 2007 (2007)

Ocean energy resources are attractive renewable supply alternatives for North America because good wave, tidal and river energy resources are found in close proximity to population centers. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) established two North American collaborative programs to demonstrate ocean energy conversion in North America. The two collaborative programs bring together the resources and knowledge of 10 State Agencies, 2 Federal Agencies, 17 Electric Power Utilities, 3 Universities and over 30 Technology Developers. This paper summarizes key findings of these collaborative programs and provides the current status of the North American wave, tidal in-stream and river in-stream programs. Ocean energy accomplishments in North America to date include:
Intramolecular Electron Transfer between Tyrosyl Radical and Cysteine Residue Inhibits Tyrosine Nitration and Induces Thiyl Radical Formation in Model Peptides Treated with Myeloperoxidase, H2O2, and NO2- (2005)

We investigated the effects of a cysteine residue on tyrosine nitration in several model peptides treated with myeloperoxidase (MPO), H(2)O(2), and nitrite anion (NO(2)(-)) and with horseradish peroxidase and H(2)O(2). Sequences of model peptides were acetyl-Tyr-Cys-amide (YC), acetyl-Tyr-Ala-Cys-amide (YAC), acetyl-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Cys-amide (YAAC), and acetyl-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Cys-amide (YAAAAC). Results indicate that nitration and oxidation products of tyrosyl residue in YC and other model peptides were barely detectable. A major product detected was the corresponding disulfide (e.g. YCysCysY). Spin trapping experiments with 5,5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) revealed thiyl adduct (e.g. DMPO-SCys-Tyr) formation from peptides (e.g. YC) treated with MPO/H(2)O(2) and MPO/H(2)O(2)/NO(2)(-). The steady-state concentrations of DMPO-thiyl adducts decreased with increasing chain length of model peptides. Blocking the sulfydryl group in YC with methylmethanethiosulfonate (that formed YCSSCH(3)) totally inhibited thiyl radical formation as did substitution of Tyr with Phe (i.e. FC) in the presence of MPO/H(2)O(2)/NO(2)(-). However, increased tyrosine nitration, tyrosine dimerization, and tyrosyl radical formation were detected in the MPO/H(2)O(2)/NO(2)(-)/YCSSCH(3) system. Increased formation of S-nitrosated YC (YCysNO) was detected in the MPO/H(2)O(2)/(*)NO system. We conclude that a rapid intramolecular electron transfer reaction between the tyrosyl radical and the Cys residue impedes tyrosine nitration and induces corresponding thiyl radical and nitrosocysteine product. Implications of this novel intramolecular electron transfer mechanism in protein nitration and nitrosation are discussed.
Chromium in the natural and human environments (1988)

Historical Perspectives (J. Nriagu). Biological Chemistry of Chromium (E. Nieboer & A. Jusys). Production and Uses of Chromium (J. Nriagu). Atmospheric Emissions of Chromium from Natural and Anthropogenic Sources (J. Pacyna & J. Nriagu). Distribution and Characteristic Features of Chromium in the Atmosphere (J. Nriagu, et al.). Geochemistry of Chromium in the Oceans (L. Mayer). Occurrence and Distribution of Chromium in Natural Waters of India (B. Handa). Chromium Contamination of Groundwater (L. Calder). Chromium Removal from Industrial Wastewaters (S. Beszedits). Mobility and Bioavailability of Chromium in Soils (R. Bartlett & B. James). Chromium Toxicity to Algae and Bacteria (P. Wong & J. Trevors). The Significance of the Interactions of Chromium and Bacteria in Aquatic Habitats (M. Loutit, et al.). Chromium Toxicity: Effects of Microogranisms with Special Reference to the Soil Matrix (R. Coleman). Genetic Approaches in the Study of Chromium Toxicity and Resistance in Yeast and Bacteria (B.--I. Ono). The Toxicity of Chromium to Fish (D. Holdway) Mutagenic and Other Genotoxic Effects of Chromium Compounds (E. Nieboer & S. Shaw). Carcinogenicity of Chromium Compounds (A. Yassi & E. Nieboer). Chromium Hypersensitivity (A. Haines & E. Nieboer). Other Health Effects of Chromium Compounds (E. Nieboer & A. Yassi). Index.
Antioxidants and the cardiomyopathy of Mg-deficiency. (1992)

For several decades the animal models of Mg-deficiency have been studied with particular attention to the cardiomyopathy that develops due to dietary deficiency. In recent years we have studied the effects of nutrients and drugs with antioxidant properties on the development of the cardiomyopathy. We have found that treatment of the Mg-deficient animals with alpha-tocopherol, a naturally-occurring antioxidant, significantly diminishes the number and size of lesions. In addition, treatment with lipophilic drugs with antioxidant properties (probucol, propranolol) or water-soluble drugs that scavenge hydroxyl radicals (captopril, epicaptopril), also provided significant protection. In view of these findings, we suggest that chronic hypomagnesemia results in a pro-inflammatory condition leading to excessive production of oxygen-derived free radicals. Subsequently, the tissue antioxidant capacity is overwhelmed and oxidative tissue destruction results.
Different patterns of apoptosis of HL‐60 cells induced by cycloheximide and camptothecin (1993)

Cells of the human promyelocytic HL-60 line, when treated with a variety of antitumor agents in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX), or with CHX alone, rapidly undergo apoptosis ("active cell death"). It is presumed, therefore, that such cells are "primed" to apoptosis in that no new protein synthesis is required for induction of their death. We have studied apoptosis of HL-60 cells triggered by the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CAM) in the absence and presence of CHX and apoptosis induced by CHX alone. Two different flow cytometric methods were used, each allowing us to relate the apoptosis-associated DNA degradation to the cell cycle position. Apoptosis induced by CAM was limited to S phase cells, e.g., at a CAM concentration of 0.15 microM, nearly 90% of the S phase cells underwent apoptosis after 4 h. In contrast, apoptosis triggered by CHX was indiscriminate, affecting all phases of the cycle: approximately 40% of the cells from each phase the cycle underwent apoptosis at 5 microM CHX concentration. When CAM and CHX were added together, the pattern of apoptosis resembled that of cycloheximide alone, namely, cells in all phases of the cycle in similar proportion were affected. Thus, CHX, while itself inducing apoptosis of a fraction of cells, protected the S phase cells against apoptosis triggered by CAM. Because CHX (5 microM) did not significantly affect the rate of cell progression through S phase, the observed protective effect was most likely directly related to inhibition of protein synthesis, rather than to its possible indirect effect on DNA replication. Furthermore, whereas apoptosis (DNA degradation) triggered by CAM was prevented by the serine protease inhibitor N-tosyl-L-lysylchloromethyl ketone (TLCK), this process was actually potentiated by this inhibitor when induced by CHX. The present data indicate differences in mechanism of apoptosis triggered by CAM (and perhaps other antitumor drugs) as compared with CHX. Apoptosis caused by CHX may be unique in that it may not involve new protein synthesis. These data are compatible with the assumption that the loss of a hypothetical, rapidly turning over suppressor of apoptosis may be the trigger of apoptosis of HL-60 cells treated with CHX, whereas de novo protein synthesis is required when apoptosis is triggered by other agents.
An Analysis Of Pellicle Parameters For Step-And-Repeat Projection (1984)

Pellicles are thin transparent membranes of high optical quality that are placed on one or both sides of an IC circuit mask to protect the mask and to prevent any particulate defect falling onto the mask from affecting the printed image [1]. Pellicles have been successfully utilized in production with 1:1 scanning systems and have given measureable improvements in yield [2].
Polymerization of Cyclic Monomers, 10<sup>,</sup> (2003)

Abstract Methyl 2‐(bicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐1‐yl)acrylate ( 1 ) was synthesized from methyl 2‐(cyclopentene‐1‐yl)‐2‐hydroxyacetate by cyclopropanation, followed by oxidation to the corresponding bicyclic 2‐oxoacetate and Wittig olefination with methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide. Initiated with 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile at 65 °C in chlorobenzene, the radical homopolymerization of 1 occurred with opening of the cyclopropane ring leading to a polymer with a glass transition temperature of 90 °C. The reactivity of 1 in radical copolymerization was higher than that of methyl methacrylate. magnified image