gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FIRE: A Fundamental Identification and Replacement Method for Accurate Spectral Test Without Requiring Coherency (2013)

Achieving coherent sampling is one of the major bottlenecks to perform ADC spectral test, especially when high-precision instruments or high-performance frequency synthesizes are not readily available. If coherent sampling is not achieved, there could be huge leakage in the spectrum, which might lead to inaccurate test results. In this paper, a new fundamental identification and replacement method is presented that can completely eliminate the need for coherent sampling in spectral testing. A two-step fundamental identification method is used to very accurately estimate the noncoherent fundamental. Extensive simulation results show the functionality and robustness of the method. Measurement results obtained in industry labs using commercially available high resolution ADCs successfully validate the proposed method for both accuracy and robustness.
Resistive-Pulse DNA Detection with a Conical Nanopore Sensor (2006)

In this paper, we describe resistive-pulse sensing of two large DNAs, a single-stranded phage DNA (7250 bases) and a double-stranded plasmid DNA (6600 base pairs), using a conically shaped nanopore in a track-etched polycarbonate membrane as the sensing element. The conically shaped nanopore had a small-diameter (tip) opening of 40 nm and a large-diameter (base) opening of 1.5 microm. The DNAs were detected using the resistive-pulse, sometimes called stochastic sensing, method. This entails applying a transmembrane potential difference and monitoring the resulting ion current flowing through the nanopore. The phage DNA was driven electrophoretically through the nanopore (from tip to base), and these translocation events were observed as transient blocks in the ion current. We found that the frequency of these current-block events scales linearly with the concentration of the DNA and with the magnitude of the applied transmembrane potential. Increasing the applied transmembrane potential also led to a decrease in the duration of the current-block events. We also analyzed current-block events for the double-stranded plasmid DNA. However, because this DNA is too large to enter the tip opening of the nanopore, it could not translocate the pore. As a result, much shorter duration current-block events were observed, which we postulate are associated with bumping of the double-stranded DNA against the tip opening.
Enantiomer differentiation in transport through bulk liquid membranes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantiomer differentiation in transport through bulk liquid membranesMartin Newcomb, Roger C. Helgeson, and Donald J. CramCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 23, 7367–7369Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00830a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00830a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Viruses and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (1995)

Because of the sudden onset of "flu-like" symptoms in he vast majority of cases, followed by persistent illness and fatigue over several years, bolh RNA (retroviruses) and DNA (herpesviruses and enteroviruses) viruses have been suspected to be implicated in the pathogenesis of CFS. In recent years, evidence of the association of some viruses wilh CFS has progressed, whereas, with some others it has weakened considerably. Thus far, no single virus has been found to be the causative agent of CFS. Reactivation, however, of latent virus or viruses could contribute to the symptomatology of CFS by damaging the immune system either directly or indirectly. In this report we have provided a comprehensive review of the status of research on viral agents which have been investigated for their role in the pathogenesis of CFS.
Adaptive transform coding of video signals (1982)

In the paper, five schemes for the adaptive transform coding of video signals are presented. Adaptation is based on adaptive quantisation and adaptive bit selection. A Max quantiser having a Laplacian density distribution is used to achieve adaptive quantisation, whereas classification according to the activity within the transform block and based on the human visual characteristics are used for adaptive bit selection. The discrete cosine transform and the Hadamard transform are used to transform three source pictures of different statistics, and results are compared to find the best scheme for each transform and picture. Photographic results are presented to see the effects of the distortions introduced by different transforms on different source pictures due to data compression. Owing to the limitations of the photographic process, the subjective quality of the pictures as perceived from the video monitor cannot be accurately represented. However they are useful for comparison purposes.
Studies of Rearrangement Reaction. VIII. Ring-Contraction from Pyridazinone Derivatives to Pyrazolone Derivatives. (3). (1964)

The behaviors of various 4, 5-di-and 3, 4, 5-trisubstituted 1-phenyl-6 (1H)-pyridazinone against caustic alkali and hydrobromic acid were investigated. From these data, the mechanism of the ring-contraction from pyridazinone to pyrazolone, as shown in Chart 1, was discussed. Action of 1-phenyl-4, 5-dichloro-6 (1H)-pyridazinone with boiling caustic alkali took place the ring-contraction to give unexpected 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-5-pyrazole-carboxylic acid. The mechanism of this reaction was also assumed as shown in Chart 4. Moreover, the reactivity of chlorines on 1-phenyl-3, 4, 5-trichloro-6 (1H)-pyridazinone was elucidated to increase in the order 4-, 5-, 3-position from the result of its methoxylation reaction.
Solvent isotope effects for lipoprotein lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of water-soluble p-nitrophenyl esters (1985)

Solvent deuterium isotope effects on the rates of lipoprotein lipase (LpL) catalyzed hydrolysis of the water-soluble esters p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA) and p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) have been measured and fall in the range 1.5-2.2. The isotope effects are independent of substrate concentration, LpL stability, and reaction temperature and hence are effects on chemical catalysis and not due to a medium effect of D2O on LpL stability and/or conformation. pL (L = H or D) vs. rate profiles for the Vmax/Km of LpL-catalyzed hydrolysis of PNPB increase sigmoidally with increasing pL. Least-squares analysis of the profiles gives pKaH2O = 7.10 +/- 0.01, pKaD2O = 7.795 +/- 0.007, and a solvent isotope effect on limiting velocity at high pL of 1.97 +/- 0.03. Because the pL-rate profiles are for the Vmax/Km of hydrolysis of a water-soluble substrate, the measured pKa's are intrinsic acid-base ionization constants for a catalytically involved LpL active-site amino acid side chain. Benzeneboronic acid, a potent inhibitor of LpL-catalyzed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols [Vainio, P., Virtanen, J. A., & Kinnunen, P. K. J. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 711, 386-390], inhibits LpL-catalyzed hydrolysis of PNPB, with Ki = 6.9 microM at pH 7.36, 25 degrees C. This result and the solvent isotope effects for LpL-catalyzed hydrolysis of water-soluble esters are interpreted in terms of a proton transfer mechanism that is similar in many respects to that of the serine proteases.
Direct bonding of piezoelectric materials and its applications (2002)

The needs for piezoelectric devices such as SAW filters has been greatly increasing with the rapid growth of mobile communication systems. The requirements for the devices have been widely spreading and becoming more critical. In order to satisfy these requirements not only new designing methods but also new piezoelectric materials have to be brought into practice. New technique of direct bonding of piezoelectric materials is very promising to give us new piezoelectric characteristics. The direct bonding can be carried out by contacting the hydrated surfaces of the piezoelectric materials and by heat-treating at relatively low temperatures. Authors found that the direct bonding can be applied to wide variety of materials such as quartz, LiNbO/sub 3/, LiTaO/sub 3/, PLZT, Si, glass and so on. Some combinations of them showed new preferable piezoelectric characteristics. In this paper the possibility of the direct bonding of piezoelectric materials and its applications such as SAW filters are discussed.
Depth maps created from blur information using images with focus at near and at far (2006)

A method of producing depth maps for depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) of stereoscopic views is proposed and tested. The method is based on depth-from-defocus techniques, utilizing two original images, one with the camera focused at a near point and the other with it focused at a far point in the captured scene to produce depth maps from blur at edge locations. It is assumed that the level of blur at an edge reflects the distance it is from the focused distance. For each image, estimates of the level of blur edges at local regions are obtained by determining the optimal scale for edge detection based on a luminance gradient. An Edge-Depth map is then obtained by evaluating differences in blur for corresponding regions in the two images. This is followed by an additional process in which regions in the Edge-Depth map that have no depth values are filled to produce a Filled-Depth map. A group of viewers assessed the depth quality of a representative set of stereoscopic images that were produced by DIBR using the two types of depth maps. It was found that the stereoscopic images generated with the Filled-Depth and the Edge-Depth maps produced depth quality ratings that were higher than those produced by their monoscopic, two-dimensional counterparts. Images rendered using the Filled-Depth maps, but not the Edge-Depth maps, produced ratings of depth quality that were equal to those produced with factual, full depth maps. A hypothesis as to how the proposed method might be improved is discussed.
Crystalline Pancreatic Amylase. II. Improved Method for its Preparation from Hog Pancreas Glands and Additional Studies of its Properties<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystalline Pancreatic Amylase. II. Improved Method for its Preparation from Hog Pancreas Glands and Additional Studies of its Properties1M. L. Caldwell, Mildred Adams, Jo-fen Tung Kung, and Gloria C. ToralballaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 16, 4033–4035Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01136a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01136a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Annotated Algorithm Approach to Clinical Guideline Development (1992)

The Urinary Incontinence in Adults Guideline Panel facilitated the ready elucidation of its guideline's management recommendations through the use of an annotated algorithm approach. The algorithms created as part of this guideline differ from previous algorithms in two ways: (1) they employ systematic annotation to link explicitly the algorithms' recommendations to the literature, and (2) they contain patient counseling and decision nodes to depict the major preference-dependent decision or branch points in the algorithm. We believe that these two innovations can help ensure the clinical validity of guidelines' algorithms while preserving appropriate clinical flexibility and respecting patient preferences.
[Painless labor and instrumentation]. (1990)

This report is a retrospective study of painless labor and its relation to the instrumentation. It consists of 200 cases of primigravida in labor. In the study group, 100 consecutive cases of primigravida receiving painless labor was chosen and compared to another 100 consecutive primigravida in labor without receiving painless labor. We found that painless labor with epidural analgesia would decrease the rate of cesarean section, but increase the frequency of using forceps and vacuum for labor. The rate of normal spontaneous delivery is low as compared with those not receiving epidural analgesia for painless labor. However, painless labor bears no relation to the labor course nor discernible significance to the Apgar Score of the newborn babies. We strongly recommend painless labor to those poor pain tolerated primigravida.
Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 4. Aliphatic Alkanols (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 4. Aliphatic AlkanolsMichael Gude and Amyn S. TejaCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1995, 40, 5, 1025–1036Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00021a001https://doi.org/10.1021/je00021a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views758Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies of Estradiol Transformation in Women with Breast Cancer (1967)

The pattern of transformation of radioactive estradiol was studied in 5 healthy post menopausal women and in 11 post menopausal women with breast cancer. Within the limit of expected biological variation there was no difference between the 2 groups of subjects. The results were compared with those obtained in an earlier study (J Clin Endocr26: 960, 1966) and found to be very similar to those of healthy men and men with miscellaneous illnesses but sharply different from those of men with breast cancer.
<title>High-efficiency MALDI-QIT-ToF mass spectrometer</title> (1999)

A novel mass spectrometer comprising a Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) source, a Quadrupole Ion Trap (QIT) and a Reflectron Time of Flight (reToF) Mass Spectrometer (MS) has been developed. Computer simulations have been carried out to model different methods for efficiently introducing MALDI ions into the QIT and for subsequently extracting ions from the QIT to a dual-stage gridless reToF. The parameters for the system were optimized to get near 100% trapping efficiency and the highest mass resolution. A prototype instrument was built to realize the performance predicted from the computer simulations. Methods for the near orthogonal laser irradiation of a sample, fast switching of large amplitude Radio Frequency (RF) voltages and a gridless dual-stage reflectron were developed. These new developments were combined with a number of other already known techniques to provide the facility to perform high efficiency ion trapping and MS/MS and higher (MS<SUP>n</SUP>) analysis. High mass spectra for m/z up to 16,000 have been obtained, and MS<SUP>3</SUP> experiments have been successfully carried out. A sensitivity of 0.1 fmol has been achieved at a mass resolution exceeding 3,000.
Data Management (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Obtaining the Project Material Formation of the Project Team Project Setup Data Processing Disaster Recovery Plan References
Extremal scheduling of parallel processing with and without real-time constraints (1993)

Parallel execution of an arrival stream of jobs with and without real-time constraints on a (possibly heterogeneous) multiprocessor system IS considered. A job consists of a set of tasks and a partial order specifying the precedence constraints between the tasks. The real-time constraints are specified by due times, also called so~t real time deadlines. It is assumed that there is a predefine mapping from the set of tasks onto the set of machines that is identical for all jobs. Associated with each task is a service time that may depend on the machine that it is allocated to. The problem of scheduling tasks into execution at each machine is the subject of this paper. Dynamic nonpreemptive scheduling policies that do not use service-time information is examined and a class of Local Order Preserving (LOP) policies that contains the class of nonidling First Come Fust Serve (FCFS) policies is defined. It is shown that policies from this last class, along with the classes of LOP Shortest Due Time First (S DTF), LOP Largest Due Time First (LDTF), and LOP Last Come First Serve (LCFS) policies stochastically minimize the number of jobs in the system and maximize the job throughput. The class of FCFS policies is further shown to minimize the vector of transient response times in the increasing Schur convex sense. Last, we consider the job lateness, the difference between the due time and the completion time of the job, and prove that within the class of LOP policies, the SDTF and LDTF policies bound, respectively, from below and from above the transient vector of the job latenesses, in the Schur convex sense. The paper concludes with extensions to the steady state performance metrics, to the class of preemptive-resume policies, and to jobs having random task graphs. All of the results, except those concerned with preemptive policies, assume that task service times form mutually independent sequences of independent and identically distributed random variables. In the latter case, service times are further assumed to be exponential random variables.
Performance of Blind and Sighted Persons on Spatial Tasks (1995)

This article reports on a study of the performance by congenitally blind, adventitiously blind, and sighted persons on three types of tasks: manipulatory, simple locomotion, and complex locomotion. The three groups of subjects tended to perform equivalently, and the results offer little evidence of a set of spatial processes that rely on past visual experience and are applicable to a broad variety of tasks.
Triplet-Center Loss for Multi-View 3D Object Retrieval (2018)

Most existing 3D object recognition algorithms focus on leveraging the strong discriminative power of deep learning models with softmax loss for the classification of 3D data, while learning discriminative features with deep metric learning for 3D object retrieval is more or less neglected. In the paper, we study variants of deep metric learning losses for 3D object retrieval, which did not receive enough attention from this area. First , two kinds of representative losses, triplet loss and center loss, are introduced which could learn more discriminative features than traditional classification loss. Then, we propose a novel loss named triplet-center loss, which can further enhance the discriminative power of the features. The proposed triplet-center loss learns a center for each class and requires that the distances between samples and centers from the same class are closer than those from different classes. Extensive experimental results on two popular 3D object retrieval benchmarks and two widely-adopted sketch-based 3D shape retrieval benchmarks consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed loss, and significant improvements have been achieved compared with the state-of-the-arts.
A new species of Cethosia and a new subspecies of Delias (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae and Pieridae) from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea (1999)

Two butterflies Cethosia vasalia n.sp. (Nymphalidae) and Delias messalina lizzae n.subsp. (Pieridae) are described and figured from mid to high montane New Ireland. Cethosia vasalia n.sp. and C. obscura Guérin-Méneville are parapatric locally within the Bismarck Archipelago. These two species and their subspecies are compared in detail.
Imaging Cerebral Vasculitis in Refractory Epilepsy Using [<sup>11</sup>C] (<i>R</i>)-PK11195 Positron Emission Tomography (2001)

Imaging Cerebral Vasculitis in Refractory Epilepsy Using [11C] (R)-PK11195 Positron Emission TomographyGerhard W. Goerres1 2, Thomas Revesz3, John Duncan1 4 and Richard B. Banati1Audio Available | Share
Blepharoptosis in RGP and PMMA hard contact lens wearers (2004)

The majority of contact lens wearers presenting with blepharoptosis gave a history of prolonged use of hard contact lenses. One explanation for this would be the mechanisms of removal of hard contact lenses. This involves pulling the lids laterally at the lateral canthus followed by a harsh blink, which over years can lead to levator aponeurosis dehiscence. Contact lens associated ptosis is an uncommon cause of acquired ptosis across all age groups.