gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress-Induced Modulators of Repeat Instability and Genome Evolution (2011)

Evolution hinges on the ability of organisms to adapt to their environment. A key regulator of adaptability is mutation rate, which must be balanced to maintain genome fidelity while permitting sufficient plasticity to cope with environmental changes. Multiple mechanisms govern an organism's mutation rate. Constitutive mechanisms include mutator alleles that drive global, permanent increases in mutation rates, but these changes are confined to the subpopulation that carries the mutator allele. Other mechanisms focus mutagenesis in time and space to improve the chances that adaptive mutations can spread through the population. For example, environmental stress can induce mechanisms that transiently relax the fidelity of DNA repair to bring about a temporary increase in mutation rates during times when an organism experiences a reduced fitness for its surroundings, as has been demonstrated for double-strand break repair in Escherichia coli. Still, other mechanisms control the spatial distribution of mutations by directing changes to especially mutable sequences in the genome. In eukaryotic cells, for example, the stress-sensitive chaperone Hsp90 can regulate the length of trinucleotide repeats to fine-tune gene function and can regulate the mobility of transposable elements to enable larger functional changes. Here, we review the regulation of mutation rate, with special emphasis on the roles of tandem repeats and environmental stress in genome evolution.
An intelligent current limiter and Zero Active Power Injection algorithm for microgrid voltage support (2011)

This paper presents an ancillary control scheme to be used by a generic Distributed Generator (DG) for voltage support. It consists of an intelligent current limiter coupled with a Zero Active Power Injection (ZAPI) algorithm. The ZAPI algorithm can ensure voltage support without effecting the nominal real power output of the distributed generator. The intelligent current limiter ensures that the current demanded by the voltage support scheme does not effect the angle or magnitude of currents associated with DG real power injection. The control scheme is able to be utilised by parallel inverters as it is based on open loop current control and direct power flow solutions. SABER <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> simulations are provided to show the operation of the control scheme for an individual inverter and two parallel inverters whilst grid connected.
Weakly Supervised Image Annotation and Segmentation with Objects and Attributes (2017)

We propose to model complex visual scenes using a non-parametric Bayesian model learned from weakly labelled images abundant on media sharing sites such as Flickr. Given weak image-level annotations of objects and attributes without locations or associations between them, our model aims to learn the appearance of object and attribute classes as well as their association on each object instance. Once learned, given an image, our model can be deployed to tackle a number of vision problems in a joint and coherent manner, including recognising objects in the scene (automatic object annotation), describing objects using their attributes (attribute prediction and association), and localising and delineating the objects (object detection and semantic segmentation). This is achieved by developing a novel Weakly Supervised Markov Random Field Stacked Indian Buffet Process (WS-MRF-SIBP) that models objects and attributes as latent factors and explicitly captures their correlations within and across superpixels. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our weakly supervised model significantly outperforms weakly supervised alternatives and is often comparable with existing strongly supervised models on a variety of tasks including semantic segmentation, automatic image annotation and retrieval based on object-attribute associations.
Obstacles Encountered in the Development of the Low Vision Enhancement System (1992)

The Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute and the NASA Stennis Space Center are collaborating on the development of a new high technology low vision aid called the Low Vision Enhancement System (LVES). The LVES consists of a binocular head-mounted video display system, video cameras mounted on the head-mounted display, and real-time video image processing in a system package that is battery powered and portable. Through a phased development approach, several generations of the LVES can be made available to the patient in a timely fashion. This paper describes the LVES project with major emphasis on technical problems encountered or anticipated during the development process.
Pro Mapping in BizTalk Server 2009 (2009)

Learn good map design techniques for BizTalk Server and you will make huge differences to the processing speed of your implementation, as well as to the scalability and maintainability of your code. Regardless of your experience, expert authors Jim Dawson and John Wainwright ensure you make the right choices to reap the rewards and avoid the potential penalties of poor design. Pro Mapping in BizTalk Server 2009 provides indepth coverage of all aspects of mapping to enable you to quickly and efficiently incorporate logic that will fulfill your mapping requirements. While the mapping techniques will be useful for all versions of BizTalk Server, the code is tailored toward BizTalk Server 2006 R3 and demonstrates the latest approaches to standard maps, EDI data, and RFID components. Youll refer again and again to the multiple solutions that will help solve your new mapping challenges, and soon find this is an essential reference for any BizTalk implementation. What youll learn Solve complex problems within the mapping engine rather than by resorting to custom programming. Become familiar with facets of the EDI standard, such as ASCII X12 and EDIFACT, the types of mapping problems these standards cause, and solutions to those problems. Discover a migration path for developers familiar with the Mercator, Gentran, Application Integrator, and other mapping engines to move to the BizTalk engine. Reduce the cost of mapping by decreasing the time required to complete and test complex maps. Get a clear description of the simpler methods that can be employed to solve seemingly complex problems. Who is this book for? This book is suitable for BizTalk developers of any level of experience who are faced with mapping challenges. The material is presented in a clear, concise way to aid understanding by as wide an audience as possible. About the Apress Pro Series The Apress Pro series books are practical, professional tutorials to keep you on and moving up the professional ladder. You have gotten the job, now you need to hone your skills in these tough competitive times. The Apress Pro series expands your skills and expertise in exactly the areas you need. Master the content of a Pro book, and you will always be able to get the job done in a professional development project. Written by experts in their field, Pro series books from Apress give you the hardwon solutions to problems you will face in your professional programming career.
A self-structuring patch antenna (2008)

In this paper we have presented a design for a self-structuring patch antenna. This antenna has been shown through simulation to have tunable single-frequency operation with a VSWR of no more than 1.087 over a band from 2 GHz to 9 GHz, and multiple-frequency operation with up to four frequencies at once over the same band. The multiple-frequency mode can be used to enhance the bandwidth of the self-structuring patch antenna, with instantaneous bandwidths of up to .78 GHz (16%) obtained.
Load-Optimal Local Fast Rerouting for Resilient Networks (2017)

Reliable and highly available computer networks must implement resilient fast rerouting mechanisms: upon a link or node failure, an alternative route is determined quickly, without involving the network control plane. Designing such fast failover mechanisms capable of dealing with multiple concurrent failures however is challenging, as failover rules need to be installed proactively, i.e., ahead of time, without knowledge of the actual failures happening at runtime. Indeed, only little is known today about the design of resilient routing algorithms. This paper presents a deterministic local failover mechanism which we prove to result in a minimum network load for a wide range of communication patterns, solving an open problem. Our mechanism relies on the key insight that resilient routing essentially constitutes a distributed algorithm without coordination. Accordingly, we build upon the theory of combinatorial designs and develop a novel deterministic failover mechanism based on symmetric block design theory which tolerates a maximal number of Ω(n) link failures in an n-node network and in the worst-case, while always ensuring routing connectivity. In particular, we show that at least Ω(φ2) link failures are needed to generate a maximum link load of at least φ, which matches an existing bound on the number of link failures needed for an optimal failover scheme. We complement our formal analysis with simulations, showing that our approach outperforms prior schemes not only in the worst-case.
CD44 Regulates Vascular Gene Expression in a Proatherogenic Environment (2007)

CD44 is an early mediator of atherogenesis by virtue of its ability to regulate vascular gene expression in response to a proatherogenic environment.
MOVING SURFACE BOUNDARY LAYER CONTROL WITH APPLICATION TO HIGH PERFORMANCE AIRCRAFT (1989)

The concept of moving surface boundary-layer control, as applied to a Joukowsky airfoil, is investigated through a planned experimental program complemented by a flow visualization study. The moving surface was provided by rotating solid and scooped cylinders located at the leading edge, the trailing edge, or the upper leading edge of the airfoil. Results suggest that the concept is quite promising leading to a substantial increase in lift and a delay in stall. Depending on the performance desired, appropriate combinations of cylinder geometry, location and speed can be selected to obtain favourable results over a wide range of the angle of attack (α).A flow visualization study using a water tunnel with food colouring as marker substantiates, rather spectacularly, effectiveness of the moving surface boundary layer control and qualitatively confirms complex character of the flow as predicted by the experimental data.
Therapeutic potential of adenosine kinase inhibitors (2000)

Adenosine kinase (AK; EC 2.7.1.20) is a key intracellular enzyme regulating intra and extracellular concentrations of adenosine (ADO), an endogenous modulator of intercellular signalling that reduces cell excitability during tissue stress and trauma. The inhibitory effects of ADO are mediated by interactions with specific cell-surface G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), which regulate membrane cation flux, membrane polarisation and the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. Inhibition of AK potentiates local extracellular ADO levels at cell and tissue sites which are undergoing accelerated ADO release. Thus, AK inhibition represents a mechanism to selectively enhance the endogenous protective actions of ADO during cellular stress while potentially minimising the non-specific effects associated with the systemic administration of ADO receptor agonists. Novel, potent AK inhibitors have recently been synthesised that demonstrate high specificity for this particular enzyme as compared to other ADO metabolic enzymes, transporters and receptors. AK inhibitors have been shown to increase ADO concentrations in various systems in vitro, as well as in an in vivo model of neurotoxicity. In addition, AK inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in animal models of epilepsy, cerebral ischaemia as well as pain and inflammation, thus suggesting their potential therapeutic utility for these conditions.
<i>Disgraceful Matters: The Politics of Chastity in Eighteenth-Century China</i>, by Janet M. Theiss (2006)

"Disgraceful Matters: The Politics of Chastity in Eighteenth-Century China, by Janet M. Theiss." Canadian Journal of History, 41(3), pp. 612–613
Concordance between Gleason scores of needle biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens: a population‐based study (2008)

The concordance in Gleason score between biopsy and RP was highest among the pathology departments that regularly evaluated RP specimens. Careful consideration of clinical factors and biopsy grading might improve the identification of patients considered as suitable for active surveillance.
An Attentive Neural Architecture for Fine-grained Entity Type Classification (2016)

In this work we propose a novel attention-based neural network model for the task of fine-grained entity type classification that unlike previously proposed models recursively composes representations of entity mention contexts. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance with 74.94% loose micro F1-score on the well-established FIGER dataset, a relative improvement of 2.59%. We also investigate the behavior of the attention mechanism of our model and observe that it can learn contextual linguistic expressions that indicate the fine-grained category memberships of an entity.
Two-Level Data Compression using Machine Learning in Time Series Database (2020)

The explosion of time series advances the development of time series databases. To reduce storage overhead in these systems, data compression is widely adopted. Most existing compression algorithms utilize the overall characteristics of the entire time series to achieve high compression ratio, but ignore local contexts around individual points. In this way, they are effective for certain data patterns, and may suffer inherent pattern changes in real-world time series. It is therefore strongly desired to have a compression method that can always achieve high compression ratio in the existence of pattern diversity. In this paper, we propose a two-level compression model that selects a proper compression scheme for each individual point, so that diverse patterns can be captured at a fine granularity. Based on this model, we design and implement AMMMO framework, where a set of control parameters is defined to distill and categorize data patterns. At the top level, we evaluate each sub-sequence to fill in these parameters, generating a set of compression scheme candidates (i.e., major mode selection). At the bottom level, we choose the best scheme from these candidates for each data point respectively (i.e., sub-mode selection). To effectively handle diverse data patterns, we introduce a reinforcement learning based approach to learn parameter values automatically. Our experimental evaluation shows that our approach improves compression ratio by up to 120% (with an average of 50%), compared to other time-series compression methods.
Calcineurin Regulates Progressive Motility Activation of<i>Rhinella</i>(<i>Bufo</i>)<i>arenarum</i>Sperm Through Dephosphorylation of PKC Substrates (2014)

Animals with external fertilization, as amphibians, store their sperm in a quiescent state in the testis. When spermatozoa are released into natural fertilization media, the hypotonic shock triggers activation of sperm motility. Rhinella (Bufo) arenarum sperm are immotile in artificial seminal plasma (ASP, resembling testicular plasma tonicity) but acquire in situ flagellar beating upon dilution. However, if components from the egg shelly coat are added to this medium, motility shifts to a progressive pattern. Recently, we have shown that the signal transduction pathway required for in situ motility activation involves a rise in intracellular cAMP through a transmembrane adenylyl cyclase and activation of PKA, mostly in the midpiece and in the sperm head. In this report, we demonstrate that activation of calcineurin (aka PP2B and PPP3) is required for the shift from in situ to progressive sperm motility. The effect of calcineurin is manifested by dephosphorylation of PKC substrates, and can be promoted by intracellular calcium rise by Ca(2+) ionophore. Both phosphorylated PKC substrates and calcineurin localized to the flagella, indicating a clear differentiation between compartmentalization of PKA and calcineurin pathways. Moreover, no crosstalk is observed between these signaling events, even though both pathways are required for progressive motility acquisition as discussed.
Practical asynchronous controller design (2003)

The authors evaluate their proposed asynchronous state-machine synthesis method, which uses locally synthesized clocks, on two realistic examples: a DRAM controller and a small computer systems interface controller. These circuits are designed to satisfy existing interface specifications, and are substantially larger than interfaces that have been created by competing methods, such as signal transition graph synthesis. The performance of the resulting implementations is at least as good as that of comparable synchronous implementations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 2.7-5.5 V, 0.2-1 W BiCMOS RF driver amplifier IC with closed-loop power control and biasing functions (1998)

A 800-900 MHz BiCMOS driver amplifier with 30 dB gain is integrated with various functions of a power control loop which includes a peak power detector, an integrator filter, gain control circuitry, and a voltage regulator for biasing a discrete power device. To add to its versatility, the IC is pad-programmable to deliver either 0.25 W/0.5 W/1.0 of RF power while maintaining a power added efficiency of 35 to 40% in each case. This has been shown to be useful in creating 1-4 W power amplifier solutions with over 50% efficiency. In closed-loop configuration, this IC provides better than 1 dB of output power control over a dynamic range of 25 dB.
[Immunohistochemical study of KL-6 in pulmonary tuberculosis]. (2001)

KL-6 is a glycoprotein antigen derived from the cell line of human lung adenocarcinoma. Although KL-6 is known to be a serum marker of interstitial pneumonia, elevated KL-6 serum levels have also been reported in some cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. To elucidate the mechanism of KL-6 elevation in pulmonary tuberculosis, we stained pulmonary tissue samples from five clinical cases for immunohistochemical analyses. In the two cases showing productive changes, KL-6 immunoreactivity was localized in the area of type II pneumocytes showing strong interstitial changes surrounding caseous necrosis. In the two cases showing exudative changes, KL-6 immunoreaction was observed not only to surround caseous necrosis but also to appear within it, particularly in the remaining alveolar lumen septa. On the other hand, the one patient with old pulmonary tuberculosis that showed slight interstitial changes presented with weak KL-6 immunoreactivity on the surface of the alveolar lumen surrounding the tuberculotic region. These results suggest that serum elevation of KL-6 in pulmonary tuberculosis originates from the proliferation of type II pneumocytes along with interstitial changes that surround the tuberculous region.
A β-N-Acetylglucosaminyl Phosphate Diester Residue Is Attached to the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor of Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (2003)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are ubiquitous in eukaryotes. The minimum conserved GPI core structure of all GPI-anchored glycans has been determined as EtN-PO4-6Manalpha1-2Manalpha1-6Manalpha1-4GlcN-myo-inositol-PO3H. Human placental alkaline phosphatase (AP) has been reported to be a GPI-anchored membrane protein. AP carries one N-glycan, (NeuAcalpha2-->3)2Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc(+/-Fuc)GlcNAc, and a GPI anchor, which contains an ethanolamine phosphate diester group, as a side chain. However, we found that both sialidase-treated soluble AP (sAP) and its GPI-anchored glycan bound to a Psathyrella velutina lectin (PVL)-Sepharose column, which binds beta-GlcNAc residues. PVL binding of asialo-sAP and its GPI-anchored glycan was diminished by digestion with diplococcal beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase or by mild acid treatment. After sequential digestion of asialo-sAP with beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase and acid phosphatase, the elution patterns on chromatofocusing gels were changed in accordance with the negative charges of phosphate residues. Trypsin-digested sAP was analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the structures of two glycopeptides with GPI-anchored glycans were confirmed as peptide-EtN-PO4-6Manalpha1-->2(GlcNAcbeta1-PO4-->6)Manalpha1-6(+/-EtN-PO4-->)Manalpha1-->4GlcN, which may be produced by endo-alpha-glucosaminidase. In addition to AP, GPI-anchored carcinoembryonic antigen, cholinesterase, and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein also bound to a PVL-Sepharose column, suggesting that the beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphate diester residue is widely distributed in human GPI-anchored glycans. Furthermore, we found that the beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphate diester residue is important for GPI anchor recognition of aerolysin, a channel-forming toxin derived from Aeromonas hydrophila.
Relay database design (1995)

Many electric utilities use computer databases to store their relay data. The database naturally gives access to many users, coordinates modifications, and generates the necessary reports for different purposes. The relay database must accommodate a wide variety of protective devices. Users of a relay database include relay engineers, relay technicians, system operators, and other field personnel. Information wanted by these users takes the form of setting sheets, test forms, and substation reports. We conducted an informal survey of relay databases in use at different utilities and found that the readability of the forms and reports varies greatly from one database to another. The term readability here refers to the ease with which the relay information can be viewed and updated by humans and by computer programs. The readability and effectiveness of a relay database hinge on the underlying data organization. This article describes several existing relay database designs and their advantages and disadvantages, and features a new database model that has proven to be flexible and easy to use and can accommodate a wide variety of relay types.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flexible Composite Transducers (1982)

Flexible piezoelectric composites made from PZT spheres and polymers with 1‐3 connectivity were fabricated using several types of polymers. The dielectric constants of the composites were 300 to 400 and the piezoelectric voltage coefficients g33 were 45 to 55×lO −3 V‐m/N. The high‐frequency properties of the composites were measured in both the thickness and radial mode of resonance. The frequency constants and the coupling coefficients of the composites for the thickness mode of resonance are comparable with the corresponding values for PZT. Possible applications of the composites are indicated.