gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Derivation of prediction equations for blocking effect reduction (1999)

A heuristic is proposed by Minami and Zakhor (see IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol.5, p.74-82, 1995) to solve an optimization problem on reduction of blocking effects seen in low bit-rate coded images. This paper presents a novel solution to the same problem. Not only does it compute the global minimum, but its computational complexity is significantly smaller as well. The solution is stated in the form of prediction equations for computation of certain discrete cosine transform coefficients-an approach adapted by JPEG for its block-smoothing method. Experimental results show that our solution outperforms the JPEG's method.
Metalation of phenols. Synthesis of benzoquinones by the oxidative degradation approach (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetalation of phenols. Synthesis of benzoquinones by the oxidative degradation approachJose M. Saa, Antonia Llobera, Angel Garcia-Raso, Antonio Costa, and Pedro M. DeyaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 18, 4263–4273Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00253a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00253a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1390Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Coherent Population Trapping of a Single Nuclear Spin Under Ambient Conditions (2016)

We demonstrate coherent population trapping of a single nuclear spin in a room-temperature solid. To this end, we exploit a three-level system with a Λ configuration in the microwave domain, which consists of nuclear spin states addressed through their hyperfine coupling to the electron spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond. Moreover, the Λ-scheme relaxation is externally controlled through incoherent optical pumping and separated in time from consecutive coherent microwave excitations. Such a scheme allows us (i) to monitor the sequential accumulation of population into the dark state and (ii) to reach a novel regime of coherent population trapping dynamics for which periodic arrays of dark resonances can be observed, owing to multiple constructive interferences. This Letter offers new prospects for quantum state preparation, information storage in hybrid quantum systems, and metrology.
A framework for optimizing the cost and performance of next-generation IP routers (1999)

The explosive growth of Internet users, the increased user demand for bandwidth, and the declining cost of technology have all resulted in the emergence of new classes of high-speed distributed IP-router architectures with packet-forwarding rates of the order of gigabits, or even terabits, per second. This paper develops an analytical framework for modeling and analyzing the impact of technological factors on the cost-performance tradeoffs in distributed-router architectures. The main tradeoff in a distributed router results naturally from moving the main packet-forwarding and processing power from a centralized forwarding engine to an ensemble of smaller forwarding engines, either dedicated to or shared among the line cards. Processing packets in these smaller engines can be much cheaper (by as much two to three orders of magnitude) than in a centralized forwarding engine. Therefore, the main goal of our modeling framework is to determine an optimal allocation of processing power to the forwarding engines (in a distributed router) to minimize overall router cost while achieving a given level of packet-forwarding performance. Two types of router models are analyzed using the proposed framework: a distributed-router architecture and parallel-router architecture.
Role of transcriptional factors Nkx2--5 and GATA--4 in heart development (2004)

The heart is the first organ to form during embryogenesis. The development mechanisms that orchestrate its formation and morphogenesis is not fully understood. Transcription factors can regulate the expression of other genes in a tissue-specific and quantitative manner and thereby serving as major regulators of embryonic developmental processes. Transcriptional factors can regulate cardiac genes specifically in heart development. This review discusses the role of the two major cardiac transcriptional factors-Nkx2-5 and GATA-4 in heart formation.
The calculation of geological age (1939)

One response of BALB/c 3T3 cells to epidermal growth factor (EGF) is the release and subsequent metabolism of arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins generated from EGF treatment appear to play a role in the mitogenic signal. Lipoxygenase inhibitors (nordihydroguaiaretic acid and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid) were previously shown to be very effective in blocking EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis; however, only low levels of lipoxygenase-derived arachidonate metabolites were detected. In an extension of these investigations, we have now found that EGF stimulates lipoxygenase metabolites of linoleic acid in BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts. In the presence of EGF (10 ng/ml), the cells converted 10-15% of exogenous linoleic acid (10 microM) to hydroxy fatty acids that were isolated on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. No linoleate metabolites were detected in the absence of EGF. The isolated compounds were characterized further by straight phase high performance liquid chromatography, UV spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, and they were identified as 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid. The hydroxy metabolites and their hydroperoxy precursors produced a 2- to 4-fold potentiation of EGF-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation in BALB/c 3T3 cells. These linoleate derivatives stimulated DNA synthesis at concentration ranges of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M. Thus, linoleic acid metabolism might be an important element in the EGF-regulated cascade of biochemical events leading to fibroblast mitogenesis.
Alyson Brown. English Society and the Prison: Time, Culture and Politics in the Development of the Modem Prison, 1850–1920. Rochester, N. Y.: Boydell Press. 2003. Pp. vii, 205. $85.00. ISBN 1-84383-017-5. (2004)

Alyson Brown. English Society and the Prison: Time, Culture and Politics in the Development of the Modem Prison, 1850–1920. Rochester, N. Y.: Boydell Press. 2003. Pp. vii, 205. $85.00. ISBN 1-84383-017-5. - Volume 36 Issue 4
goosecoid expression represses Brachyury in embryonic stem cells and affects craniofacial development in chimeric mice (2000)

The homeobox gene goosecoid, originally identified in Xenopus, is expressed in the organizer or its equivalent during gastrulation in the frog, chick, zebrafish and mouse. To investigate the role of goosecoid in mouse development, we have generated embryonic stem cells that stably overexpress the murine homolog of goosecoid. These cells show a repression of the gastrulation-associated gene Brachyury. Interestingly, repression of Brachyury is conserved between Xenopus and mouse despite the lack of conservation of the Brachyury promoter. Further characterization of the goosecoid-overexpressing ES cells revealed that they maintain the expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, and teratomas derived from goosecoid-overexpressing cells show the presence of cell types derived from all three germ layers. Some highly chimeric mice derived from goosecoid-overexpressing cells displayed skull defects. These observations suggest that goosecoid may play a role in specification of anterior mesendodermal fates and specifically in mouse craniofacial development.
Auto Antibodies Present at Onset of Type I Diabetes Recognize Multiple Islet Cell Antigens (1990)

Antibodies to islet antigens are useful markers of the pathological process that results in destruction of beta cells in type I diabetes. The targets of these antibodies, however, are not well characterized and their role in the pathological process remains to be established. To better understand the range of antigens recognized by autoantibodies in type I diabetes mellitus, we carried out immunoblotting on protein extracts from human islet and rat insulinomas. Using this approach higher titer antibodies specific for islet antigens were detected in 20/28 sera from recent onset type I diabetics and were infrequent (4/28) in sera from age-matched controls. Sera from diabetics reacted with multiple antigens at titers from 1/100-1/4000 while control sera usually bound a single band at lower dilutions. Although antigens of Mr 52, 84, 116 and 150 kilodalton were recognized most frequently, no antigen was bound by more than 50% of diabetic sera. Some of these antigens enriched in the membrane fraction while others were not. The data demonstrate that a heterogenous group of islet antigens is recognized by autoantibodies present at the onset of type I diabetes when islet destruction is complete. These findings contrast previous reports using immunoprecipitation with undiluted sera that principally identify a 64 kDa islet antigen. Thus, the immunoblot technique detects a different set of reactivities than previously identified by immunoprecipitation. The pattern of multiple reactivities with both surface and cytoplasmic antigens suggest that many autoantibodies may be generated by beta cell destruction and some of these may amplify the ongoing immune response.
Carbon Suboxide in Preparative Organic Chemistry. New synthetic methods (1) (1974)

Abstract Although it has been known for nearly 70 years, carbon suboxide was used almost exclusively for the preparation of simple malonic acid derivatives until about 1960. Since then, however, the significance of this unusual “bisketene” has steadily increased in synthetic chemistry (especially that of heterocyclic compounds). This progress report surveys the possible applications of C 3 O 2 in preparative organic chemistry, including photochemical reactions.
Excitation of Coherent and Incoherent Terahertz Phonon Pulses in Quartz Using Infrared Laser Radiation (1975)

We report piezoelectric surface excitation of coherent acoustic 0.891- and 2.53-THz phonon pulses in quartz by means of chopped infrared laser radiation and the detection of these highly collimated phonons 10 mm from the excitation area using a superconducting tin bolometer. At 2.53 THz the effect of dispersion is clearly visible. Absorption of infrared photons in the bulk material generates incoherent phonons which also can be detected by the bolometers.
Fusing low-cost sensor data for localization and mapping of automated guided vehicle fleets in indoor applications (2015)

This paper describes the joint use of external and on-board low-cost sensors for small to mid-size automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in varying indoor applications. Localization and mapping for navigation purposes of multi-scale vehicle fleets is achieved by combining fixed, one-time calibrated cameras with odometry information and cheap LIDAR (Light detection and ranging) and collision avoidance sensors, which are mounted on the vehicles. Our approach is scalable and applies to different domains, as logistics in production environments or hospital facilities. Experiments show that the proposed system concept, based on low-cost units, reaches sufficient accuracy in real-time and could therefore be a promising solution for the target applications.
A comparative evaluation of agent location mechanisms in large scale MAS (2005)

Agents in open multi-agent systems (MAS) need means for locating other agents with which they may collaborate. To address this need, several agent location mechanisms were suggested. Two major approaches dominate agent location mechanisms: a centralized approach using middle agents, and a distributed, peer-to-peer approach. Agent designers, when designing agents to be part of open MAS, should consider these approaches, to provide the agents with appropriate agent location capabilities. However, selecting an agent location approach, let alone a specific solution, is a nontrivial task. In this study we address this difficulty. We perform a systematic comparative evaluation of agent location approaches. We measure the performance of these approaches subject to various MAS configurations. We draw conclusions regarding the conditions in which each approach is preferable. Prior evaluations fall short in addressing realistic MAS settings. In particular, our evaluation is the first to examine scalability of agent location mechanisms in terms of both system size (thousands of agents) and network distribution (over multiple hosts). We present advantages and shortcomings of the examined approaches.
The use of parabolic trough collectors for solar cooling – A case study for Athens climate (2016)

Solar cooling is a state of the art technology in the last years, especially for countries with high irradiation level as Greece. The objective of this study is to determine the performance of an efficient solar cooling system for Athens, the most populated city in Greece. The examined solar cooling system is a one stage water/lithium-bromide absorption chiller driven by a parabolic trough collector coupled with a storage tank. A numerical model is developed in order to simulate the dynamic performance of this system. Many parameters have been investigated through sensitivity analyses and their optimum values are determined. The mass flow rates and the storage tank volume are the parameters that have been examined parametrically. The final results proved that by using a PTC module with an aperture area of 14 m2, a building area of about 25 m2 can be cooled for 13 h daily during the summer period. The optimum specific mass flow rate was determined to 0.03 kg/sm2 and the optimum storage tank volume to 0.3 m3. Moreover, a case study for a typical building of 100 m2 is presented with very satisfying results, where four PTC modules are used in parallel connection.
An Embedded Systems graduate education for Singapore (2007)

In early 2003, the Singapore Economic Development Board identified Embedded Systems as a major ‘new growth area’ for the Singapore economy, building upon the existing infrastructure of technological companies, and proven ability for companies both local and overseas, to conduct advanced research and development, as well as specialist production, in Singapore. In response to this, Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Engineering proposed, and deployed, a part-time graduate masters’ programme in embedded systems. This paper discusses the need for such an embedded education in Singapore, the syllabus and course coverage which has been developed, and the response of students and industry to the initiative. Pitfalls and problems are identified at each stage.
Development of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials with Shortened Emissive Lifetimes (2015)

We have prepared a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) capable molecular system carrying halogen substituents at the carbazole units. The attachment of the halogen atoms considerably decreases the half-life of the delayed fluorescence. The effect is significant. The heavier the halogen, the greater the effect. Our materials have the shortest reported emissive lifetimes for TADF achieved to date. Intersystem crossing (ISC) is improved through the heavy atom effect, yet high quantum yields are achieved both in solution as well as in thin doped films. The simple and efficient synthesis of our targets uses inexpensive and easily obtained starting materials.
A dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme for multimedia data over ATM networks (2002)

In this paper, a new dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme called Minimum Overflow Traffic Algorithm (MOTA) is proposed to assign the bandwidth for each traffic class in the hierarchical admission control structure in ATM network. The traffic types can be video, image, voice and so on. An Overflow traffic function Q is used to adjust the bandwidth assignment each time when a new connection is required. This paper uses mean virtual cell loss probability (MCLP) as the quality of service (QoS) for the performance measurement of the system. This novel approach can minimize the mean virtual cell loss probability of the system by optimizing Q when the delay constraint is satisfied and provide high throughput in multi-class traffic environment.
Different Structures of Heterogeneous Starch Granules from High-Amylose Rice (2014)

High-amylose cereal starches usually have heterogeneous starch granules in morphological structure. In the present study, the polygonal, aggregate, elongated, and hollow starch granules were separated from different regions of the kernels of high-amylose rice, and their structures were investigated. The results showed that the polygonal starch granules had low amylose content and high short branch-chain and branching degree of amylopectin, and exhibited A-type crystallinity. The aggregate starch granules had high long branch-chain of amylopectin, relative crystallinity, and double helix content, and exhibited C-type crystallinity. The elongated starch granules had high amylose content and low branching degree of amylopectin and relative crystallinity, and exhibited C-type crystallinity. The hollow starch granules had very high amylose content, proportion of amorphous conformation, and amylose-lipid complex, and very low branch-chain of amylopectin, branching degree of amylopectin, and double helix content, and exhibited no crystallinity. The different structures of heterogeneous starch granules from high-amylose rice resulted in significantly different thermal properties.
Photonic High-Bandwidth RF Splitter With Arbitrary Amplitude and Phase Offset (2014)

This letter presents an alternative approach to achieve a high-bandwidth RF splitter functionality based on a microwave photonic system. The proposed approach has an arbitrary amplitude and a phase offset between the two outputs. In addition, it features a simple system architecture and easy tuning mechanism. In the experimental demonstration, an instantaneous RF band from 5 to 20 GHz was shown.
Collection efficiency of a single optical fiber in turbid media (2003)

If a single optical fiber is used for both delivery and collection of light, two major factors affect the measurement of collected light: (1) the light transport in the medium that describes the amount of light that returns to the fiber and (2) the light coupling to the optical fiber that depends on the angular distribution of photons entering the fiber. We focus on the importance of the latter factor and describe how the efficiency of the coupling depends on the optical properties of the medium. For highly scattering tissues, the efficiency is well predicted by the numerical aperture (NA) of the fiber. For lower scattering, such as in soft tissues, photons arrive at the fiber from deeper depths, and the coupling efficiency could increase twofold to threefold above that predicted by the NA.
Chemical etching and organometallic chemical vapor deposition on varied geometries of GaAs (1989)

Results of micron-spaced geometries produced by wet chemical etching and subsequent OMCVD growth on various GaAs surfaces are presented. The polar lattice increases the complexity of the process. The slow-etch planes defined by anisotropic etching are not always the same as the growth facets produced during MOCVD deposition, especially for deposition on higher-order planes produced by the hex groove etching.
The use of therapeutic moisturizers in various dermatologic disorders. (2001)

Moisturizers can serve as important adjunctive therapeutic modalities for patients with various dermatologic disorders, including acne vulgaris, rosacea, retinoid-induced irritant dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and the skin dryness that appears to occur with intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Therapeutic moisturizers, defined as those proven in clinical trials to be both compatible with topical therapies and biocompatible with the skin, not only improve the signs and symptoms of dry skin but also, as research has demonstrated, help maintain hydration and overall integrity of the stratum corneum. The type of humectants and emollients contained in a therapeutic moisturizer can affect the overall tolerability of the formulation. Dermatologists should recommend therapeutic moisturizers that are noncomedogenic, devoid of irritant ingredients, and compatible with many therapeutic regimens.
Strain-induced anisotropy in amorphous alloys and the effect of toroid diameter on magnetic properties (1979)

The magnetic properties of toroids wound from amorphous Fe-B-Si alloy ribbons has been examined as a function of toroid diameter and for ribbon widths from 0.1 cm to 2.5 cm. For the smallest ribbon widths, as the diameter decreased from 20 cm to 1 cm, the magnetic coercivity before annealing increased by a factor of ten and the remanence-to-saturation ratio decreased from ∼0.7 to less than 0.4. After annealing in a field, the coercivity still increased with decreasing diameter by a factor of ten and the ratio of remanence-to-saturation dropped from ∼0.9 to ∼0.45. The losses after annealing similarly increased by a factor of ten and the permeability decreased. These lowest losses, obtained from large diameter toroids, are below those of the best commercial alloys (Supermalloy, 4-79 Mo-Permalloy, and Deltamax) and are well below any previously reported amorphous alloy. Toroids made from wider tapes, 1 cm and 2.5 cm in width, of similar Fe-B-Si compositions, were found to have properties essentially independent of their diameter. This difference in behavior between narrow and wide tapes can be understood on the basis of their differences in strain distribution. The approach to saturation after annealing was found to improve with increasing nickel in the amorphous alloys Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Ni <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80-x</inf> B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</inf> . This is attributed to the decrease in magnetostriction which decreased the anisotropy arising from strain induced ordering. This assumption was confirmed when it was noted that the approach to saturation became much easier when the inner half of the thickness of an annealed toroid tape was etched away removing material with annealed in strain induced ordering. The impairment in properties of toroids with decrease in diameter is thus attributed to the increase in the strain induced ordering anisotropy. In order to eliminate the effect of toroid diameter on the magnetic properties we wound the toroids with sufficient tension to overcome the compressive forces developed in the tapes due to their radius of curvature. Rather than improving the properties, winding with tension significantly deteriorated the properties. This is believed to be due to the radial forces introduced by the winding tension. The effects of tensional loads and of compressive loads on the surface of straight ribbons were studied and confirmed the results obtained in the toroids.