gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric and thermal transient effects in high power optical devices (2004)

In case of opto-electronic devices the power applied on the device leaves in a parallel heat and light transport. For this reason the interpretation of R/sub th/ is not obvious. By studying electrical and thermal transients in high power LEDs this paper proposes a multi-domain "compact" model suitable for correct simulation of single devices as well as LED arrays in a board-level simulation environment. The thermal part of the model has been identified from structure functions extracted from measured thermal transients. Several measurements were carried out in a combined photometric/thermal measurement setup, which is proposed for the characterization of power LEDs. Transient simulation results compared to measured transients are also presented.
Stimulation-Induced Dyskinesia in the Early Stage after Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation (2009)

In the early stage after STN-DBS, dyskinesia is easily induced by high-frequency stimulation of the upper portion of the STN, which may predict the best site for chronic stimulation.
Epigenetic therapy--a new development in pharmacology. (2006)

Epigenetics, heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes in DNA sequence, is known to be involved in disease. Two important epigenetic changes that are known to contribute to disease are abnormal methylation patterns of DNA and modifications of histones in chromatin. This review describes a new development in pharmacology, epigenetic therapy, which attempts to correct these changes. At present two groups of drugs are being developed. One inhibits DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) resulting in the inhibition of DNA methylation. This group of drugs may prove to be useful in the treatment of cancer where hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes is known to lead to silencing of these genes. The other group of drugs inhibits histone deacetylases (HDACs) resulting in the accumulation of acetylated histones which are thought to mediate the anticancer effects of these drugs. Both these drug groups have shown promising results in drug trials for the treatment of cancer. Since epigenetic changes are thought to underlie a wide range of diseases, the scope of epigenetic therapy is likely to expand.
Guanine nucleotides mediate stimulatory and inhibitory effects on cerebral-cortical membrane phospholipase C activity (1989)

In cerebral-cortical membranes, hydrolysis-resistant guanine nucleotides exert a dual regulatory effect on phospholipase C activity. Nanomolar concentrations of guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppG) or guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) inhibited basal phospholipase C activity, with a maximum inhibition of 30% at 10 nM. Increasing the concentration of p[NH]ppG or GTP[S] to over 10 nM resulted in a reversal of the inhibitory effect and onset of stimulation of phospholipase C activity. These inhibitory effects were blocked by 100 microM-guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate. GTP was relatively ineffective in producing either stimulation or inhibition of phospholipase C activity. Similarly, ATP, adenosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate and GDP were also ineffective. Expression of the dual effects of guanine nucleotides was affected by the Mg2+ concentration. At 0.3 mM-Mg2+, both the inhibitory and the stimulatory components of p[NH]ppG action were evident. At 2.5 mM-Mg2+, only p[NH]ppG stimulation was observed. Pertussis-toxin treatment blocked the p[NH]ppG-mediated inhibition of phospholipase C activity. These results demonstrate that non-hydrolysable guanine nucleotides exert both a stimulatory and an inhibitory effect on membrane phospholipase C activity. These effects may be mediated through distinct GTP-binding proteins.
Coumarones from o-Hydroxyaldehydes and Bromomalonic Ester (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoumarones from o-Hydroxyaldehydes and Bromomalonic EsterSanae TanakaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 2, 872Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01146a532https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01146a532research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Facile <i>O</i>-Arylation of Phenols and Carboxylic Acids (2003)

[reaction: see text] A facile, transition-metal-free O-arylation procedure for phenols and aromatic carboxylic acids has been developed that affords good to excellent yields of arylated products under very mild reaction conditions. A methoxy-substituted aryl triflate affords O-arylated products in high yields with excellent regioselectivity. This chemistry tolerates a variety of functional groups.
Benzyltriphenylphosphonium Peroxymonosulfate: As a Novel and Efficient Reagent for Oxidation of Alcohols under Solvent-Free Conditions (2000)

Abstract This paper describes the oxidation of alcohols under solvent-free conditions using benzyltriphenylphosphonium peroxymonosulfate, which has been prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride with oxone® at room temperature. This reagent is stable white powder, which may be stored for months without loss of its activity. This compound is readily soluble in organic solvents such as acetonitrile, chloroform, and dichloromethane and slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ether, and hexane.
High-Pressure Phase Behavior of Ionic Liquid/CO<sub>2</sub> Systems (2001)

This work presents the high-pressure phase behavior of CO2 with six ionic liquids: 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]), 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8-mim][PF6]), 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C8-mim][BF4]), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([bmim][NO3]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ([emim][EtSO4]), and N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate ([N-bupy][BF4]). We explored the effect of systematically changing the anionic and cationic components of the ionic liquid on the CO2−ionic liquid phase behavior. For all of the ionic liquids tested, large quantities of CO2 dissolved in the ionic liquid phase, but no appreciable amount of ionic liquid solubilized in the CO2 phase. In addition, the liquid phase volume expansion with the introduction of even large amounts of CO2 is negligible, in dramatic contrast to the large volume expansion observed for neutral organic liquids. Our results seek to elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms of this highly unusual phase behavior.
Nicotine and the renin-angiotensin system (2018)

Cigarette smoking is the single most important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases (CVPD). Although cigarette smoking has been in constant decline since the 1950s, the introduction of e-cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems 10 yr ago has attracted former smokers as well as a new generation of consumers. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and it is currently unclear whether e-cigarettes are "safer" than regular cigarettes or whether they have the potential to reverse the health benefits, notably on the cardiopulmonary system, acquired with the decline of tobacco smoking. Of great concern, nicotine inhalation devices are becoming popular among young adults and youths, emphasizing the need for awareness and further study of the potential cardiopulmonary risks of nicotine and associated products. This review focuses on the interaction between nicotine and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), one of the most important regulatory systems on autonomic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary functions in both health and disease. The literature presented in this review strongly suggests that nicotine alters the homeostasis of the RAS by upregulating the detrimental angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin (ANG)-II/ANG II type 1 receptor axis and downregulating the compensatory ACE2/ANG-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis, contributing to the development of CVPD.
Bounded Concurrent Time-Stamping (1997)

We introduce concurrent time-stamping, a paradigm that allows processes to temporally order concurrent events in an asynchronous shared-memory system. Concurrent time-stamp systems are powerful tools for concurrency control, serving as the basis for solutions to coordination problems such as mutual exclusion, $\ell$-exclusion, randomized consensus, and multiwriter multireader atomic registers. Unfortunately, all previously known methods for implementing concurrent time-stamp systems have been theoretically unsatisfying since they require unbounded-size time-stamps---in other words, unbounded-size memory. This work presents the first bounded implementation of a concurrent time-stamp system, providing a modular unbounded-to-bounded transformation of the simple unbounded solutions to problems such as those mentioned above. It allows solutions to two formerly open problems, the bounded-probabilistic-consensus problem of Abrahamson and the fifo-$\ell$-exclusion problem of Fischer, Lynch, Burns and Borodin, and a more efficient construction of multireader multiwriter atomic registers.
Electron Transfer Effects in Ozone Decomposition on Supported Manganese Oxide (2001)

Manganese oxide catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, and SiO2 supports were used to study the effect of support on ozone decomposition kinetics. In-situ laser Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed oxygen desorption, surface area measurements, and extended and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS and NEXAFS) showed that the manganese oxide was highly dispersed on the surface of the supports. The EXAFS spectra suggested that the manganese active centers on all of the surfaces were surrounded by five oxygen atoms. These metal centers were found to be of a monomeric type for the Al2O3-supported catalyst and multinuclear for the other supports. The NEXAFS spectra for the catalysts showed a chemical shift to lower energy, and an intensity change in the L-edge features which followed the trend Al2O3 > ZrO2 > TiO2 > SiO2. The trends provided insights into the positive role of available empty d-states required in the reduction step of a redox reaction. The catalysts were tested for their ozone decomposition reactivity and reaction rates were found to have a fractional order dependency (n < 1) with ozone partial pressure. The apparent activation energies for the reaction were found to be low (3−15 kJ/mol). The support was found to influence the desorption step (a reduction step) and this effect manifested itself in the preexponential factor of the rate constant for desorption. Trends for this preexponential factor correlated with the NEXAFS trends and reflected the ease of electron donation from the adsorbed species to the active center.
Research on Sapphire Deep Cavity Corrosion and Mask Selection Technology (2021)

Aimed at the problem of the small wet etching depth in sapphire microstructure processing technology, a multilayer composite mask layer is proposed. The thickness of the mask layer is studied, combined with the corrosion rate of different materials on sapphire in the sapphire etching solution, different mask layers are selected for the corrosion test on the sapphire sheet, and then the corrosion experiment is carried out. The results show that at 250 °C, the choice is relatively high when PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) is used to make a double-layer composite film of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride. When the temperature rises to 300 °C, the selection ratio of the silicon dioxide layer grown by PECVD is much greater than that of the silicon nitride layer. Therefore, under high temperature conditions, a certain thickness of silicon dioxide can be used as a mask layer for deep cavity corrosion.
Rotavirus vaccines (2011)

Early rotavirus vaccine adopter countries in the Americas, Europe, and in Australia have documented substantial declines in rotavirus disease burden following the introduction of vaccination. However, the full public health impact of rotavirus vaccines has not been realized as they have not been introduced into routine immunization programs in countries of Africa and Asia with the highest rotavirus disease morbidity and mortality burden. In this article, we review the epidemiology of rotavirus disease, the development and current status of rotavirus vaccines including newly available vaccine impact data from early-introducer countries, and future priorities for implementation and monitoring of rotavirus vaccination programs in developing countries.
Monoclonal Anti-B as a New Blood-Typing Reagent (1981)

Stable cloned lines of anti-B-secreting cells have been derived by fusing spleen cells of a mouse immunized by group B antigen with a mouse myeloma line. The tissue culture supernatant of one of them (NB1/19.112.28) containing secreted monoclonal anti-B antibody is an especially good blood-grouping reagent, well suited for use with manual and automated methods. The unlimited availability of a potent reagent of uniform properties, cheaply produced by a single source, makes monoclonal anti-B a serious competitor to human typing serum.
[Axial micro-pump system of assisted circulation]. (1995)

An assisted circulation system having a HART-02 axial-flow micropump has been developed. The diameter of the micropump is 7 mm and its length is 20 mm, which allows it to be introduced into the ascending aorta through a peripheral artery. The system has a good biocompatibility, a low hemolysis and its productivity is as much as 3.5 liter/min.
Enzymatic synthesis and isolation of thymidine diphosphate‐6‐deoxy‐D‐<i>xylo</i>‐4‐hexulose and thymidine diphosphate‐L‐rhamnose (1992)

A two-step enzymatic synthesis of dTDP-L-rhamnose is developed using enzymes from sonicated extracts of cultures of Escherichia coli K12 strains harboring plasmids containing different parts of the rfb gene cluster of Salmonella enterica LT2. The intermediate dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose was isolated after a 1-h reaction, using only dTDP-D-glucose and dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, followed by protein precipitation and desalting by gel chromatography (yield 89%). In a two-step reaction using dTDP-D-glucose and dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase in the first step, and with NADPH, dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose 3,5-epimerase and NADPH:dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose-4-reductase in the second hour of incubation, the dTDP-D-glucose was fully converted to dTDP-L-rhamnose. The hexoses of both products were identified by mass spectroscopy. The molar yield of dTDP-L-rhamnose, after protein precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography and desalting by gel chromatography, was 62%, corresponding to more than 150 mg, starting from 250 mg of dTDP-D-glucose. When stored lyophilysed under nitrogen, these products were found to be stable for several months. Both dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose and dTDP-L-rhamnose have light absorption maxima at 267 nm, with molar absorption coefficients close to that of dTMP. However, the absorption coefficient of dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose at the absorption maximum of 320 nm (specific for sugars containing keto groups) was found to be approximately 20% higher than values presented earlier. Furthermore, an HPLC technique is presented for determining the net activity of dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose 3,5-epimerase and NADPH:dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose-4-reductase, based on separation of dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose and dTDP-L-rhamnose. The HPLC technique is also suitable for determination of all the nucleotide components involved in the synthesis.
Chain and Ring Phosphorus Compounds—Analogies between Phosphorus and Carbon Chemistry (1982)

Abstract Up to about 15 years ago compounds with a skeleton of phosphorus chains or rings were regarded as “exotic” in the field of nonmetal chemistry. Aside from a number of examples of molecules with two P atoms directly bonded to each other and a few sporadically discovered monocyclic ring compounds, only solids of undefined composition and structure were known. Since then the state of our knowledge in this sector has made considerable progress: between PH 3 and its derivatives on the one hand, and the high‐molecular modifications of elementary phosphorus on the other, an unexpected variety of well defined compounds have been discovered, showing many similarities to the analogous compounds of carbon. However, surprises can still occur even with “small” phosphorus‐containing molecules, as shown by the likewise recently discovered field of phosphorus three‐membered ring compounds.
The kurtosis metric as an adjunct to energy in the prediction of trauma from continuous, nonGaussian noise exposures (2006)

Data from an earlier study [Hamernik et al. (2003). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 386-395] were consistent in showing that, for equivalent energy [Leq= 100 dB(A)] and spectra, exposure to a continuous, nonGaussian (nonG) noise could produce substantially greater hearing and sensory cell loss in the chinchilla model than a Gaussian (G) noise exposure and that the statistical metric, kurtosis, computed on the amplitude distribution of the noise could order the extent of the trauma. This paper extends these results to Leq= 90 and 110 dB(A), and to nonG noises that are generated using broadband noise bursts, and band limited impacts within a continuous G background noise. Data from nine new experimental groups with 11 or 12 chinchillas/group is presented. Evoked response audiometry established hearing thresholds and surface preparation histology quantified sensory cell loss. At the lowest level [Leq=90 dB(A)] there were no differences in the trauma produced by G and nonG exposures. For Leq >90 dB(A) nonG exposures produced increased trauma relative to equivalent G exposures. Removing energy from the impacts by limiting their bandwidth reduced trauma. The use of noise bursts to produce the nonG noise instead of impacts also reduced the amount of trauma.
Researches concerning landscape planning of the banks of the river Timis in Lugoj, Timis County (2012)

At the order of the Lugoj Municipality City Hall, it was requested the arrangement of the land located on the left Timis River bank, from Lugoj, in the neighborhood of the open air public swimming pool Park and of Plopilor street, at 200 m from downtown, and from the Iron Bridge, aiming to continue the extensive process of modernization and arrangement of the green spaces from the municipality, represented by works of seeding of more than 100 trees on the Timis River bank, in order to consolidate the banks' resistance.
Resource Fairness and Composability of Cryptographic Protocols. (2005)

Abstract. We introduce the notion of resource-fair protocols. Informally, this property states that if one party learns the output of the protocol, then so can all other parties, as long as they expend roughly the same amount of resources. As opposed to similar previously proposed definitions, our definition follows the standard simulation paradigm and enjoys strong composability properties. In particular, our definition is similar to the security definition in the universal composability (UC) framework, but works in a model that allows any party to request additional resources from the environment to deal with dishonest parties that may prematurely abort. In this model we specify the ideally fair functionality as allowing parties to “invest resources ” in return for outputs, but in such an event offering all other parties a fair deal. (The formulation of fair dealings is kept independent of any particular functionality, by defining it using a “wrapper.”) Thus, by relaxing the notion of fairness, we avoid a well-known impossibility result for fair multi-party computation with corrupted majority; in particular, our definition admits constructions that tolerate arbitrary number of corruptions. We also show that, as in the UC framework, protocols in our framework may be arbitrarily and concurrently composed. Turning to constructions, we define a “commit-prove-fair-open ” functionality and design an efficient resource-fair protocol that securely realizes it, using a new variant of a cryptographic primitive known as “timelines.” With (the fairly wrapped version of) this functionality we show that some of the existing secure multi-party computation protocols can be easily transformed into resource-fair protocols while preserving their security. 1
Effect of Alloying Elements on the Mechanical Properties of the Stable Austenitic Stainless Steel. (1994)

The effects of various alloying elements on the mechanical properties of stable austenitic stainless steel have been investigated in order to soften it. Results obtained are as follows:
Early breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetes. (1975)

The blood-retinal barrier plays an important part in the processes of retinal pathophysiology. A new clinical method for the study of the blood-retinal barrier by vitreous fluorophotometry appears to satisfy the necessary requirements in that it is quantitative and shows good reproducibility and high sensitivity. The application of this method to a series of diabetic patients with apparently "normal" fundi revealed the presence of a significant breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in the early stages of retinal involvement in diabetes. The extent of the breakdown can be measured allowing for comparative and evolutionary evaluations. The disturbance of the blood-retinal barrier, as evidence by vitreous fluorophotometry, appears before microaneurysms or capillary closure can be demonstrated by fluorescein angiography.
Thermal degradation of segmented polyurethanes (1994)

Abstract Thermal degradation of polyurethane samples was studied by a thermogravimetric method. The effect of soft‐segment length and soft‐segment concentration on activation energy of the degradation process was measured. Three methods of calculation gave activation energies at different stages of the very complex weight loss process. It was shown that at initial stages of the weight loss the process was dominated by hard‐segment degradation. Activation energy of the whole process calculated by the Ozawa–Flynn method did not offer clear insight into the structure–stability relationship of polyurethanes. The second method showed that activation energy of the initial stage of degradation increased with decrease in hard‐segment length. The Flynn method of calculating activation energy produced fairly constant activation energy of the first 40% degradation, at around 150 kJ/mol, for polymers in the C series. Generally, calculation of kinetic parameters of a complex degradation process as in polyurethanes gives results that are not easy to interpret. It has been shown qualitatively that polymers with higher soft‐segment concentration display lower initial weight loss and higher onset temperatures of degradation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.