gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The active oligomeric state of the minimalistic influenza virus M <sub>2</sub> ion channel is a tetramer (1997)

The influenza A virus M2 integral membrane protein is an ion channel that permits protons to enter virus particles during uncoating of virions in endosomes and also modulates the pH of the trans-Golgi network in virus-infected cells. The M2 protein is a homo-oligomer of 97 residues, and analysis by chemical cross-linking and SDS/PAGE indicates M2 forms a tetramer. However, a higher order molecular form is sometimes observed and, thus, it is necessary to determine the active form of the molecule. This was done by studying the currents of oocytes that expressed mixtures of the wild-type M2 protein (epitope tagged) and the mutant protein M2-V27S, which is resistant to the inhibitor amantadine. The composition of mixed oligomers of the two proteins expressed at the plasma membrane of individual oocytes was quantified after antibody capture of the cell surface expressed molecules and it was found that the subunits mixed freely. When the ratio of wild-type to mutant protein subunits was 0. 85:0.15, the amantadine sensitivity was reduced to 50% and for a ratio of 0.71:0.29 to 20%. These results are consistent with the amantadine-resistant mutant being dominant and the oligomeric state being a tetramer.
Real-time map building and navigation for autonomous robots in unknown environments (1998)

An algorithmic solution method is presented for the problem of autonomous robot motion in completely unknown environments. Our approach is based on the alternate execution of two fundamental processes: map building and navigation. In the former, range measures are collected through the robot exteroceptive sensors and processed in order to build a local representation of the surrounding area. This representation is then integrated in the global map so far reconstructed by filtering out insufficient or conflicting information. In the navigation phase, an A*-based planner generates a local path from the current robot position to the goal. Such a path is safe inside the explored area and provides a direction for further exploration. The robot follows the path up to the boundary of the explored area, terminating its motion if unexpected obstacles are encountered. The most peculiar aspects of our method are the use of fuzzy logic for the efficient building and modification of the environment map, and the iterative application of A*, a complete planning algorithm which takes full advantage of local information. Experimental results for a NOMAD 200 mobile robot show the real-time performance of the proposed method, both in static and moderately dynamic environments.
A Total Variation-Based Algorithm for Pixel-Level Image Fusion (2009)

In this paper, a total variation (TV) based approach is proposed for pixel-level fusion to fuse images acquired using multiple sensors. In this approach, fusion is posed as an inverse problem and a locally affine model is used as the forward model. A TV seminorm based approach in conjunction with principal component analysis is used iteratively to estimate the fused image. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on images from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as visible-band and infrared sensors. The results clearly indicate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Displaying realistic contact accelerations via a dedicated vibration actuator (2009)

During real physical interactions, contact between a hand-held tool and an object causes high-frequency tool accelerations that are detected by mechanoreceptors in the human hand. These haptic signals provide salient cues about changes in tool-surface contact state and enable effortless identification of material and surface properties. Unfortunately, these rich contact sensations are often absent from haptic renderings of virtual and remote objects. This demonstration features a classic implementation of bilateral teleoperation with two augmented SensAble Omni haptic interfaces. By using this system to touch a variety of remote objects, users will have an opportunity to experience first-hand the remarkable improvements in haptic realism that can be achieved through the use of a dedicated high-frequency vibration actuator driven by contact accelerations.
The role of residues glutamate-50 and phenylalanine-496 in <i>Zymomonas mobilis</i> pyruvate decarboxylase (1996)

Several enzymes require thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) as an essential cofactor, and we have used one of these, pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC; EC 4.1.1.1) from Zymomonas mobilis, as a model for this group of enzymes. It is well suited for this purpose because of its stability, ease of purification, homotetrameric subunit structure and simple kinetic properties. Crystallographic analyses of three ThDP-dependent enzymes [Müller, Lindqvist, Furey, Schulz, Jordan and Schneider (1993) Structure 1, 95-103] have suggested that an invariant glutamate participates in catalysis. In order to evaluate the role of this residue, identified in PDC from Zymomonas mobilis as Glu-50, it has been altered to glutamine and aspartate by site-directed mutagenesis of the cloned gene. The mutant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli. Here we demonstrate that substitution with aspartate yields an enzyme with 3% of the activity of the wild-type, but with normal kinetics for pyruvate. Replacement of Glu-50 with glutamine yields an enzyme with only 0.5% of the catalytic activity of the wild-type enzyme. Each of these mutant enzymes has a decreased affinity for both ThDP and Mg2+. It has been reported that the binding of cofactors to apoPDC quenches the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence [Diefenbach and Duggleby (1991) Biochem. J. 276, 439-445] and we have identified the residue responsible as Trp-487 [Diefenbach, Candy, Mattick and Duggleby (1992) FEBS Lett. 296, 95-98]. Although this residue is some distance from the cofactor binding site, it lies in the dimer interface, and the proposal has been put forward [Dyda, Furey, Swaminathan, Sax, Farrenkopf and Jordan (1993) Biochemistry 32, 6165-6170] that alteration of ring stacking with Phe-496 of the adjacent subunit is the mechanism of fluorescence quenching when cofactors bind. The closely related enzyme indolepyruvate decarboxylase (from Enterobacter cloacae) has a leucine residue at the position corresponding to Phe-496 but shows fluorescence quenching properties that are similar to those of PDC. This suggests that the fluorescence quenching is due to some perturbation of the local environment of Trp-487 rather than to a specific interaction with Phe-496. This latter hypothesis is supported by our data: mutation of this phenylalanine to leucine, isoleucine or histidine in PDC does not eliminate the fluorescence quenching upon addition of cofactors.
Performance Evaluation of the Judicial System in Taiwan Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Decision Trees (2010)

A time-honored maxim says that the judicial system is the last line of defending justice. Its performance has a great impact on how the citizen trust or distrust their state apparatus in a democracy. Technically speaking, the judicial process and its procedures are very complicated and the purpose of the whole system is to go through the law and due process to protect civil liberties and rights and to defend the public good of the nation. Therefore, it is worthwhile to assess the performance of judicial institutions in order to advance the efficiency and quality of judicial verdict. This paper combines data envelopment analysis (DEA) and decision trees to achieve this objective. In particular, DEA is first of all used to evaluate the relative efficiency of 18 district courts in Taiwan. Then, the efficiency scores and the overall efficiency of each decision making units are then used to train a decision tree model. Specifically, C5.0, CART, and CHAID decision trees are constructed for comparisons. The decision rules in the best decision tree model can be used to distinguish between efficient units and inefficient units and allow us to understand important factors affecting the efficiency of judicial institutions. The experimental result shows that C5.0 performs the best for predicting (in) efficient judicial institutions, which provides 80.37% average accuracy.
Low Voltage Shocks Have a Significantly Higher Tilt of the Internal Electric Field Than Do High Voltage Shocks (1995)

Typically, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) uses a cardioversion shock that is a lower voltage pulse of the same morphology and tilt as its defibrillation pulse. We investigated the internal electric field resulting from an ICD low voltage shock to determine whether its field characteristics matched those of the internal electric field of a high voltage shock. We attached epicardial patch electrodes, for shock delivery, to five fresh pig hearts placed in a diluted, heparinized saline bath. We inserted two plunge electrodes into the myocardium to measure an internal voltage proportional to the electric field. Monophasic 20-msec shocks, from a 140-microF capacitor, ranging from 0.1-30 joules, were delivered through the patches. We measured the current, external voltage, and internal voltage every 0.1 msec throughout the duration of a shock. For each shock, we calculated the time point that represented the 65% tilt position as measured across the patch electrodes. At this 65% tilt time position, we measured the pulse widths and calculated the internal tilt from the internal voltage. We found that the initial internal voltage for the 30-joule shock was 173 +/- 40 volts compared to 10 +/- 2 volts for the 0.1-joule shock. Similarly, we found that the final internal voltage for the 30-joule shock was 56 +/- 14 volts compared to 2 +/- 1 volts for the 0.1-joule shock. Thus, the internal tilt for the 30-joule shock was 68 +/- 1% versus 82 +/- 3% for the 0.1-joule shock (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Environmental assessment of ash disposal (1990)

Abstract Combustion processes for power generation or waste volume reduction result in the generation of mostly inorganic ash residues. Recycling or reuse of these materials is sometimes possible; however, presently, the major portion must be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable way. In this review, the physical and chemical properties of these ashes are presented, and their suitability for various purposes are assessed. Included is information on leachate generation and how inorganic species interact and are transported in porous media. In view of these principles, appropriate environmental control strategies are presented and discussed.
K-Means Clustering on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum Computers (2019)

Real-time clustering of big performance data generated by the telecommunication networks requires domain-specific high performance compute infrastructure to detect anomalies. In this paper, we evaluate noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers characterized by low decoherence times, for K-means clustering and propose three strategies to generate shorter-depth quantum circuits needed to overcome the limitation of NISQ computers. The strategies are based on exploiting; i) quantum interference, ii) negative rotations and iii) destructive interference. By comparing our implementations on IBMQX2 machine for representative data sets, we show that NISQ computers can solve the K-means clustering problem with the same level of accuracy as that of classical computers.
Xeroderma pigmentosum group F protein binds to Eg5 and is required for proper mitosis: implications for XP‐F and XFE (2012)

The xeroderma pigmentosum group F-cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency group 1 (XPF-ERCC1) complex is a structure-specific endonuclease involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair. Patients with XPF mutations may suffer from two forms of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP): XP-F patients show mild photosensitivity and proneness to skin cancer but rarely show any neurological abnormalities, whereas XFE patients display symptoms of severe XP symptoms, growth retardation and accelerated aging. Xpf knockout mice display accelerated aging and die before weaning. These results suggest that the XPF-ERCC1 complex has additional functions besides NER and ICL repair and is essential for development and growth. In this study, we show a partial colocalization of XPF with mitotic spindles and Eg5. XPF knockdown in cells led to an increase in the frequency of abnormal nuclear morphology and mitosis. Similarly, the frequency of abnormal nuclei and mitosis was increased in XP-F and XFE cells. In addition, we showed that Eg5 enhances the action of XPF-ERCC1 nuclease activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the interaction between XPF and Eg5 plays a role in mitosis and DNA repair and offer new insights into the pathogenesis of XP-F and XFE.
DoS Evading Mechanism upon Service Hopping (2007)

Motivated by frequency hopping for military environment, this paper introduces a DoS/DDoS evading paradigm through service hopping technique, which changes the service information such as port number or network address pseudo-randomly. A skeleton of DoS evading is established upon hopping tactic. Thereafter, theoretical analysis of evading performance is carried out; experimental validation is well performed on a centralized hopping prototype and a distributed system. Our study shows that faster tactic of port and address hopping can be able to provide better service under DoS attacks; however, excessively faster scheme would cause much service problem because of transmission delay and traffic jam.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Can Be Detected in a Polymicrobial Competition Model Using Impedance Spectroscopy with a Novel Biosensor (2014)

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique that can be used to elicit information about an electrode interface. In this article, we highlight six principal processes by which the presence of microorganisms can affect impedance and show how one of these--the production of electroactive metabolites--changes the impedance signature of culture media containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EIS, was used in conjunction with a low cost screen printed carbon sensor to detect the presence of P. aeruginosa when grown in isolation or as part of a polymicrobial infection with Staphylococcus aureus. By comparing the electrode to a starting measurement, we were able to identify an impedance signature characteristic of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, we are able to show that one of the changes in the impedance signature is due to pyocyanin and associated phenazine compounds. The findings of this study indicate that it might be possible to develop a low cost sensor for the detection of P. aeruginosa in important point of care diagnostic applications. In particular, we suggest that a development of the device described here could be used in a polymicrobial clinical sample such as sputum from a CF patient to detect P. aeruginosa.
Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanofibers as an Efficient Electrode Material for Supercapacitors (2012)

Supercapacitors (also known as ultracapacitors) are considered to be the most promising approach to meet the pressing requirements of energy storage. Supercapacitive electrode materials, which are closely related to the high-efficiency storage of energy, have provoked more interest. Herein, we present a high-capacity supercapacitor material based on the nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers synthesized by carbonization of macroscopic-scale carbonaceous nanofibers (CNFs) coated with polypyrrole (CNFs@polypyrrole) at an appropriate temperature. The composite nanofibers exhibit a reversible specific capacitance of 202.0 F g(-1) at the current density of 1.0 A g(-1) in 6.0 mol L(-1) aqueous KOH electrolyte, meanwhile maintaining a high-class capacitance retention capability and a maximum power density of 89.57 kW kg(-1). This kind of nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber represents an alternative promising candidate for an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors.
Ball Mark Repair and Creeping Bentgrass Recovery (2005)

Ball marks result from golf ball impact on putting greens, and recovery of the surface may depend upon the repair strategy employed. Our objective was to compare three ball mark repair techniques for their influence on golf green surface quality and ‘L‐93’ creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) recovery. Studies were conducted on a practice putting green on a golf course (Study I) and on a research green (Study II) near Manhattan, Kansas. Ball marks were made by a golfer striking golf balls with a pitching wedge from 100 m in Study I and from 70 m in Study II. Five treatments were imposed on the ball marks immediately after they were created: (i) no ball mark (control); (ii) unrepaired ball mark; (iii) Greenfix tool; (iv) traditional ball mark repair tool used improperly; and (v) traditional ball mark repair tool used properly. In both studies, ball marks repaired properly with the traditional tool or with the Greenfix, recovered completely in 16 to 21 days; recovery was 4 days faster with the Greenfix tool than the traditional tool in Study I. Marks repaired with the Greenfix had poorer surface quality due to the presence of an uneven surface at 3 days after the ball mark was made (ABM) in Study I and up to 10 days ABM in Study II. Using the traditional tool improperly resulted in the poorest surface quality at > 17 days ABM due to a persistent ball mark scar and poor turf quality in the mark area. Improperly repaired marks required > 38 days for recovery, 19 days longer than unrepaired marks in Study I, and at least 8 days longer than unrepaired marks in Study II. Proper use of the traditional tool or use of the Greenfix allowed for most rapid improvement in creeping bentgrass surface quality and fewest days to recovery; however, improper use of the traditional tool reduced surface quality and doubled the time for surface recovery compared to its proper use.
Mitotic phosphorylation activates hepatoma-derived growth factor as a mitogen (2011)

Thus, HDGF is a phosphoprotein and phosphorylation of S103 is mitosis related and required for its function as a mitogen. We speculate that cell cycle regulated phosphorylation of HDGF may play an important role in vascular cell proliferation.
MORPHOLOGY OF THE MALE GENITALIA OF FIVE QUEENSLAND SCUTELLERINAE (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) (1963)

Abstract The male genitalia of Lampromicra femorata (Walker), L. regia (Bergroth), L. aerea (Distant), Calliscyta australis Distant and Calliphara cruenta Stål are described. L. femorata has an identical type of genitalia to that of L. senator (Walker) and is probably a colour variety of the latter. Features are listed common to all species of Lampromicra so far examined. Calliphara cruenta in common with other species referred to this genus belongs to the Sphaerocoraria. A revised key for male Scutellerinae is given.
The σ<sub>2</sub> Receptor: A Novel Protein for the Imaging and Treatment of Cancer (2013)

The σ2 receptor is an important target for the development of molecular probes in oncology because of its 10-fold higher density in proliferating tumor cells compared with that in quiescent tumor cells and because of the observation that σ2 receptor agonists are able to kill tumor cells via apoptotic and nonapoptotic mechanisms. Although recent evidence indicates that the σ2 receptor binding site is localized within the progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), most information regarding this protein has been obtained using either radiolabeled or fluorescent receptor-based probes and from biochemical analysis of the effect of σ2 selective ligands on cells grown in culture. This article reviews the development of σ2 receptor ligands and presents an overview of how they have been used in vitro and in vivo to increase our understanding of the role of the σ2 receptor in cancer and proliferation.
Phylogenetic Diversity among Geographically Dispersed <i>Chlamydiales</i> Endosymbionts Recovered from Clinical and Environmental Isolates of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp (2000)

The recently proposed reorganization of the order Chlamydiales and description of new taxa are broadening our perception of this once narrowly defined taxon. We have recovered four strains of gram-negative cocci endosymbiotic in Acanthamoeba spp., representing 5% of the Acanthamoeba sp. isolates examined, which displayed developmental life cycles typical of members of the Chlamydiales. One of these endosymbiont strains was found stably infecting an amoebic isolate recovered from a case of amoebic keratitis in North America, with three others found in acanthamoebae recovered from environmental sources in North America (two isolates) and Europe (one isolate). Analyses of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates by neighbor joining, parsimony, and distance matrix methods revealed their clustering with other members of the Chlamydiales but in a lineage separate from those of the genera Chlamydia, Chlamydophila, Simkania, and Waddlia (sequence similarities, <88%) and including the recently described species Parachlamydia acanthamoebae (sequence similarities, 91.2 to 93.1%). With sequence similarities to each other of 91.4 to 99.4%, these four isolates of intra-amoebal endosymbionts may represent three distinct species and, perhaps, new genera within the recently proposed family Parachlamydiaceae. Fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes targeted to 16S rRNA signature regions were able to readily differentiate two groups of intra-amoebal endosymbionts which corresponded to two phylogenetic lineages. These results reveal significant phylogenetic diversity occurring among the Chlamydiales in nontraditional host species and supports the existence of a large environmental reservoir of related species. Considering that all described species of Chlamydiales are known to be pathogenic, further investigation of intra-amoebal parachlamydiae as disease-producing agents is warranted.
Reduction from Eu3+ to Eu2+ in Sr3Al2O6:Eu phosphor and luminescent properties (2008)

Abstract not Available.
A parallel spatiotemporal deep learning network for highway traffic flow forecasting (2019)

Spatiotemporal features have a significant influence on traffic flow prediction. Due to the potentially internal relationship of adjacent roads, spatial information can, to some extent, affect traffic flow forecasting. Simultaneously, periodic information of traffic flow data can also be positively affected by temporal features. Considering these key points, this article proposes a parallel spatiotemporal deep learning network for short-term highway traffic flow forecasting, which learns features from the time and space dimensions. In the introduced model, the convolutional neural network is used to extract spatial features and long short-term memory is used to extract temporal features of traffic flow. The parallel-connected structure of convolutional neural network and long short-term memory reflects much powerful performance in traffic flow prediction. To apply the parallel spatiotemporal deep learning network in large dataset prediction, a dataset of Shanghai inner ring elevated road is used to predict 591 sensors in 6 months. Experimental results confirm that the overall performance of our parallel spatiotemporal deep learning network surpasses those of other state-of-the-art methods.