gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of Fluorinated Molecules by Transition-Metal-Mediated C–F Bond Activation To Access Fluorinated Building Blocks (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTFunctionalization of Fluorinated Molecules by Transition-Metal-Mediated C–F Bond Activation To Access Fluorinated Building BlocksTheresia Ahrens, Johannes Kohlmann, Mike Ahrens, and Thomas Braun*View Author Information Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany*Phone: +49-03-2093-3913. Fax: +49-03-2093-7468. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 2, 931–972Publication Date (Web):October 27, 2014Publication History Received14 May 2014Published online27 October 2014Published inissue 28 January 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500257chttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500257creview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16260Altmetric-Citations679LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bond activation,Chemical reactions,Cross coupling reaction,Ligands,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Die Suche nach einem isolierbaren Silyl‐Kation muß weitergehen (1993)

Doch wohl ein σ‐Komplex und nicht ein freies Silyl‐Kation liegt im Kristall von 1 Toluol vor. Dies folgt aus ab‐initio‐Studien zur Struktur der kationischen Komplexe [Me 3 Si‐Toluol] + , [Me 3 Si‐Benzol] + und [H 3 Si‐Benzol] + sowie aus IGLO‐Berechnungen der δ( 29 Si)‐Werte dieser Komplexe. Die Unterschiede zu σ‐Komplexen mit Alkylgruppen lassen sich auf die effektivere C‐Si‐Hyperkonjugation zurückführen. 1 Toluol war jüngst als „erstes freies Silyl‐Kation”︁ beschrieben worden. equation image
Nasal bridling decreases feeding tube dislodgment and may increase caloric intake in the surgical intensive care unit: A randomized, controlled trial* (2010)

Bridling of nasoenteric feeding tubes in critically ill patients is a low-morbidity practice that reduces the rate of unintentional tube dislodgment and may result in improved caloric intake.
Serine Deprivation Enhances Antineoplastic Activity of Biguanides (2014)

Metformin, a biguanide widely used in the treatment of type II diabetes, clearly exhibits antineoplastic activity in experimental models and has been reported to reduce cancer incidence in diabetics. There are ongoing clinical trials to evaluate its antitumor properties, which may relate to its fundamental activity as an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we show that serine withdrawal increases the antineoplastic effects of phenformin (a potent biguanide structurally related to metformin). Serine synthesis was not inhibited by biguanides. Instead, metabolic studies indicated a requirement for serine to allow cells to compensate for biguanide-induced decrease in oxidative phosphorylation by upregulating glycolysis. Furthermore, serine deprivation modified the impact of metformin on the relative abundance of metabolites within the citric acid cycle. In mice, a serine-deficient diet reduced serine levels in tumors and significantly enhanced the tumor growth-inhibitory actions of biguanide treatment. Our results define a dietary manipulation that can enhance the efficacy of biguanides as antineoplastic agents that target cancer cell energy metabolism.
Laboratory assessments of therapeutic platelet inhibition in endovascular neurosurgery: comparing results of the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay to thromboelastography with platelet mapping (2017)

OBJECTIVEInhibition of platelet aggregation is vital to preventing thromboembolic complications related to stent placement in endovascular neurosurgery, but excessive inhibition potentiates hemorrhagic complications. Recent evidence suggests an ideal inhibition range of 70-150 P2Y12 response units (PRU) as measured on the VerifyNow assay, which relies on photometric measurements of platelet aggregation. Thromboelastography (TEG) with platelet mapping (PM) is an alternative assay that directly measures clot formation and mechanical strength. This study compares the results of PRU to TEG-PM.METHODSPatients with simultaneous or near-simultaneous PRU and TEG-PM results who underwent cervical carotid artery stenting, intracranial stent-assisted aneurysm coiling, or flow diversion at the authors' institution between August 2015 and November 2016 were identified. PRU results were compared with the TEG maximal amplitude (MA) attributable to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) activity (MA-ADP) as measured by TEG-PM. Platelet inhibition was considered therapeutic for MA-ADP values < 50 mm or PRU < 194. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated, and the sensitivity and specificity of PRU were calculated assuming that the results of TEG-PM reflected the true degree of platelet inhibition.RESULTSTwenty-three patients were identified with a total of 37 matched sets of TEG-PM and PRU. Three of these pairs were excluded due to anemia outside of the PRU manufacturer's recommended range. The Pearson correlation coefficient for these values was 0.50 (p = 0.0026). The prevalence of clopidogrel nonresponders determined by TEG-PM (9%) matched reported rates (5%-12%); PRU demonstrated much higher prevalence (39%). For detecting a therapeutic level of platelet inhibition, PRU demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.59, specificity of 0.50, positive predictive value of 0.95, and negative predictive value of 0.07. Ideal inhibition was concordant in only 25% of observations in which at least one of the results was ideal.CONCLUSIONSAgreement between TEG-PM and PRU regarding the degree of platelet inhibition is poor. PRU likely overestimates clopidogrel resistance, as 93% of patients with PRU > 194 demonstrate a therapeutic level of platelet inhibition on TEG.
The architecture and implementation of ENLI: example-based natural language-assisted interface (2002)

The architecture and implementation of a user interface called ENLI are presented. The interface supports an English-like query language. It is easy to implement and avoids problems in building natural language interfaces. Its core component consists of two translators, from ENLI to QBE and from QBE to SQL. ENLI considers several aspects of man-machine interaction. It supports different levels of users, and it generates a nested form of an unnested SQL query. This nested form is used to document and edit the query. Procedures for generating nested queries for unnested tree and cyclic queries are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)—Propranolol as an anti-cancer agent (2016)

Propranolol (PRO) is a well-known and widely used non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta-blocker), with a range of actions which are of interest in an oncological context. PRO displays effects on cellular proliferation and invasion, on the immune system, on the angiogenic cascade, and on tumour cell sensitivity to existing treatments. Both pre-clinical and clinical evidence of these effects, in multiple cancer types, is assessed and summarised and relevant mechanisms of action outlined. In particular there is evidence that PRO is effective at multiple points in the metastatic cascade, particularly in the context of the post-surgical wound response. Based on this evidence the case is made for further clinical investigation of the anticancer effects of PRO, particularly in combination with other agents. A number of trials are on-going, in different treatment settings for various cancers.
Calcium dependence of aequorin bioluminescence dissected by random mutagenesis (2006)

Aequorin bioluminescence is emitted as a rapidly decaying flash upon calcium binding. Random mutagenesis and functional screening were used to isolate aequorin mutants showing slow decay rate of luminescence. Calcium sensitivity curves were shifted in all mutants, and an intrinsic link between calcium sensitivity and decay rate was suggested by the position of all mutations in or near EF-hand calcium-binding sites. From these results, a low calcium affinity was assigned to the N-terminal EF hand and a high affinity to the C-terminal EF-hand pair. In WT aequorin, the increase of the decay rate with calcium occurred at constant total photon yield and thus determined a corresponding increase of light intensity. Increase of the decay rate was underlain by variations of a fast and a slow component and required the contribution of all three EF hands. Conversely, analyses of double EF-hand mutants suggested that single EF hands are sufficient to trigger luminescence at a slow rate. Finally, a model postulating that proportions of a fast and a slow light-emitting state depend on calcium concentration adequately described the calcium dependence of aequorin bioluminescence. Our results suggest that variations of luminescence kinetics, which depend on three EF hands endowed with different calcium affinities, critically determine the amplitude of aequorin responses to biological calcium signals.
The effect of topical amiloride eye drops on tear quantity in rabbits. (2010)

Topical amiloride application appears to increase the quantity of preocular tears owing to inhibition of conjunctival epithelial sodium channels.
A Study of Oxygen Precipitation in Heavily Doped Silicon (2000)

Gettering of impurities with oxygen precipitates is widely used during the fabrication of semiconductors to improve the performance and yield of the devices. Since the effectiveness of the gettering process is largely dependent on the initial interstitial oxygen concentration, accurate measurements of this parameter are of considerable importance. Measurements of interstitial oxygen following thermal cycles are required for development of semiconductor fabrication processes and for research into the mechanisms of oxygen precipitate nucleation and growth. Efforts by industrial associations have led to the development of standard procedures for the measurement of interstitial oxygen in wafers. However practical oxygen measurements often do not satisfy the requirements of such standard procedures. An additional difficulty arises when the silicon wafer has a low resitivity (high dopant concentration). In such cases the infrared light used for the measurement is severely attenuated by the electrons of holes introduced by the dopant. Since such wafers are the substrates used for the production of widely used epitaxial wafers, this measurement problem is economically important. Alternative methods such as Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy or Gas Fusion Analysis have been developed to measure oxygen in these cases. However, neither of these methods is capable of distinguishing interstitial oxygen from precipitated oxygen as required for precipitation studies. In addition to the commercial interest in heavily doped silicon substrates, they are also of interest for research into the role of point defects in nucleation and precipitation processes. Despite considerable research effort, there is still disagreement concerning the type of point defect and its role in semiconductor processes. Studies of changes in the interstitial oxygen concentration of heavily doped and lightly doped silicon wafers could help clarify the role of point defects in oxygen nucleation and precipitation processes. This could lead to more effective control and use of oxygen precipitation for gettering. One of the principal purposes of this thesis is the extension of the infrared interstitial oxygen measurement technique to situations outside the measurement capacities of the standard technique. These situations include silicon slices exhibiting interfering precipitate absorption bands and heavily doped n-type silicon wafers. A new method is presented for correcting for the effect of multiple reflections in silicon wafers with optically rough surfaces. The technique for the measurement of interstitial oxygen in heavily doped n-type wafers is then used to perform a comparative study of oxygen precipitation in heavily antimony doped (.035 ohm-cm) silicon and lightly doped p-type silicon.
Colonization and encystation of Entamoeba muris in the rat and the mouse. (1971)

Stained smears, microsections, and suspensions of fixative-preserved intestinal contents of mice and rats were studied to determine where in the host Entamoeba muris primarily colonizes and encysts. Both trophozoites and cysts were predominantly localized in the cecum, more precisely in the space adjacent to the cecal mucosa. No increase was found in the number of cysts in the intestinal contents passing from the cecum to the rectum. It was concluded that encystation occurs primarily, if not exclusively, in the cecum and may be more or less restricted to the zone adjacent to the mucosa; trophozoites that are carried from the cecum into the fecal stream usually perish before reaching the lower colon. In the life history of most parasitic amebae, colonization is the means by which infection in the host is established and maintained, while encystation effects transmission of infection from one host to another. These two mechanisms serve to maintain amebic infection in an individual as well as in the general host population, and are essential for survival of the parasite species. No specific experimental data are available in regard to the colonization of non-tissue-invading intestinal amebae in their natural habitat; however, many in vitro observations on their encystation have been reported. In recent years there has been a tendency to consider encystation as cyclic, and possibly intrinsically biologic, in nature rather than generated by environmental factors (Jordan, 1954; WHO, 1969). Encystation of some species of amebae can be induced by manipulating environmental conditions in the test tube (Chang, 1942, 1946; Everritt, 1950; Balamuth, 1962). The site of encystation in the natural habitat, i.e., in the intestine, has not been elucidated. The present study represents an attempt to determine where and how luminal amebae maintain their existence in vivo, and where in the host they en-
Hybrid Full-/Half-Duplex System Analysis in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2014)

Full-duplex (FD) radio has been introduced for bidirectional communications on the same temporal and spectral resources so as to maximize spectral efficiency. In this paper, motivated by the recent advances in FD radios, we provide a foundation for hybrid-duplex heterogeneous networks (HDHNs), composed of multi-tier networks with a mixture of access points (APs), operating either in bidirectional FD mode or downlink half-duplex (HD) mode. Specifically, we characterize the net- work interference from FD-mode cells, and derive the HDHN throughput by accounting for AP spatial density, self-interference cancellation (IC) capability, and transmission power of APs and users. By quantifying the HDHN throughput, we present the effect of network parameters and the self-IC capability on the HDHN throughput, and show the superiority of FD mode for larger AP densities (i.e., larger network interference and shorter communication distance) or higher self-IC capability. Furthermore, our results show operating all APs in FD or HD achieves higher throughput compared to the mixture of two mode APs in each tier network, and introducing hybrid-duplex for different tier networks improves the heterogenous network throughput.
Cincuenta notas de urgencia para la aplicación de la Ley 29/1998, de 13 de julio, reguladora de la Jurisdicción Contencioso-Administrat (1999)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different configurations of repetitions within a set of deadlifts on the mechanical variables of concentric force, concentric time under tension, impulse, work, power, and fatigue. Eleven resistance trained men (age: 21.9 ± 1.0 years; deadlift 1 repetition maximum: 183.2 ± 38.3 kg) performed four repetitions of the deadlift exercise with a load equivalent to 90% of 1 repetition maximum under three different set configurations: Traditional (continuous repetitions); Doubles cluster (repetitions 1 and 2, and 3 and 4 performed continuously with a 30 s rest inserted between repetitions 2 and 3); Singles cluster (30 s rest provided between repetitions). The order of the sessions was counterbalanced across the subjects and the mechanical variables were calculated during each repetition from the synchronized signals recorded from force platforms and a motion analysis system. Relative to the Traditional set, the insertion of rest periods in the cluster set configurations resulted in greater time under tension (p < 0.001) and therefore, greater impulse (p < 0.001) during the repetitions. Reductions in power were observed during the cluster sets compared to the Traditional set (p = 0.001). The Doubles cluster set resulted in greater fatigue scores for power compared to the Traditional set (p = 0.04). The influence of cluster sets on mechanical variables appears to be mediated by the mechanical characteristics of the exercise (i.e. stretch-shortening cycle) and the competing physiological mechanisms of fatigue and potentiation.
LC-Oscillator featuring independent gate biasing implemented in 32 nm CMOS technology (2010)

This paper analyzes the potentials and the limitations of a novel LC-Oscillator topology featuring independent gate biasing. The topic is addressed from an experimental perspective. The novel topology has been implemented in a state-of-the-art 32 nm CMOS technology and used as a proof-of-concept. The performance of the oscillator has been evaluated in terms of power consumption and phase-noise. The independent gate biasing helps in relaxing the noise/power trade-off that limits the performance of conventional LC-Oscillators.
REAL-TIME NETWORK INTRUSIONPREVENTION (2010)

Thus, it may be inferred that choice feeding with <i>Azolla</i>, and basal diet may improve FCR without any adverse effect on blood biochemical attributes and immune competence traits.
Therapeutics formulated to target cancer stem cells: Is it in our future? (2011)

With the political, social and financial drives for cancer research, many advances have been made in the treatment of many different cancer types. For example, given the increase in awareness, early detection, and treatment of breast and prostate cancers, we have seen substantial increases in survival rates. Unfortunately there are some realms of cancer that have not seen these substantial advancements, largely due to their rapid progression and the inability to specifically target therapy.The hypothesis that cancers arise from a small population of cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), is gaining more popularity amongst researchers. There are, however, still many skeptics who bring into question the validity of this theory. Many skeptics believe that there is not a specific subset of cells that originate with these characteristics, but that they develop certain features over time making them more resistant to conventional therapy. It is theorized that many of the relapses occurring after remission are due to our inability to destroy the self-renewing CSCs. This central idea, that CSCs are biologically different from all other cancer cells, has directed research towards the development of therapy to target CSCs directly. The major dilemma in targeting therapy in myeloproliferative disorders, malignancies of the central nervous system or malignancies in general, is the inability to target CSCs as opposed to normal stem cells. However, with the recent advances in the identifications of unique molecular signatures for CSCs along with ongoing clinical trials targeting CSCs, it is possible to use targeted nanotechnology-based strategies in the management of different types of cancers.
Attenuation of Ground‐water Contaminant Pulses (1983)

Analytical solutions to the one‐dimensional advection‐dispersion equation are presented for several cases where the source concentration is either input continuously at a periodically fluctuating level or input as a single pulse of finite duration. The solute of interest can undergo linear equilibrium adsorption. Both semi‐infinite and infinite flow domains are considered. The solutions are utilized to quantify the degree to which the traveling contaminant pulses are attenuated (damped) as they migrate through an aquifer. The degree of damping is shown to be related to two dimensionless parameters and this relationship is conveniently presented in graphical form. The analytical results compare favorably with the behavior of trace organic contaminant pulses observed during injection of advanced‐treated wastewater into a shallow, alluvial aquifer in the Palo Alto Baylands.
Entropic stabilization of mixed A-cation ABX<sub>3</sub> metal halide perovskites for high performance perovskite solar cells (2015)

A mixture of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> and FAPbI<sub>3</sub> is thermodynamically stabilized in the perovskite phase with respect to the pure δ phases.
Generalising multiple capture-recapture to non-uniform sample sizes (2008)

Algorithms in distributed information retrieval often rely on accurate knowledge of the size of a collection. The "multiple capture-recapture" method of Shokouhi et al. is one of the more reliable algorithms for determining collection size, but it relies on samples with a uniform number of documents. Such uniform samples are often hard to obtain in a working system.
Chloro-Alkoxide Route to Transition Metal Oxides. Synthesis of WO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films and Powders from a Tungsten Chloro-Methoxide (2009)

A tungsten chloromethoxide was prepared by the methanolysis of WCl6. The resulting solutions were modified by addition of acetylacetone to improve their stability. The resulting deep blue solutions were studied by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The structure of the solutions was characterized by polynuclear tungsten species containing W—O—W bonds. The solutions were used for preparing thin films, by spin-coating onto oxidized silicon substrates, and powders, by evaporation at reduced pressure. The as-dried thin films and powders were heat-treated at various temperatures up to 700 °C and characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The investigations showed that the precursor structure follows a continuous evolution to the final WO3 structure, by further condensation and thermally activated reorganization of the initial species. The final crystalline structure was a mixture of the most stable δ-triclinic and γ-monoclinic phases. The absence of W═O groups both in the solutions and the final materials and the weakness of the W—Cl bond explained the lower stability of the solutions, if compared to oxychloride precursors like WOCl4. The structure and morphology of the films, characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, was constituted by discrete spheroidal grains, elongated along the substrate surface. Chemoresistive gas sensing devices were prepared with the WO3 powders heat-treated at 500 °C and tested for the detection of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide. The results indicated the capability of the sensors to detect the target gases over a broad range of concentrations, with a stable signal.