gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a UDP-Gal:Galβ1–3GalNAc α1,4-Galactosyltransferase Activity in a Mamestra brassicaeCell Line (1998)

The binding of Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin-I isolectin B4 on the endogenous glycoproteins of different insect cell lines led us to characterize for the first time a UDP-Gal:Galbeta1-3GalNAc alpha1, 4-galactosyltransferase in a Mamestra brassicae cell line (Mb). The study of the acceptor specificity indicated that the Mb alpha-galactosyltransferase prefers Galbeta1-3-R as acceptor, and among such glycans, the relative substrate activity Vmax/Km was equal to 20 microliters.mg-1.h-1 for Galbetal-3GlcNAcbeta1-O-octyl and to 330 microliters.mg-1.h-1 for Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha-1-O-benzyl, showing clearly that Galbeta1-3GalNAc disaccharide was the more suitable acceptor substrate for Mb alpha-galactosyltransferase activity. Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data allowed us to establish that the Mb alpha-galactosyltransferase synthesizes one unique product, Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-O-benzyl. The Galbeta1-3GalNAc disaccharide is usually present on O-glycosylation sites of numerous asialoglycoproteins and at the nonreducing end of some glycolipids. We observed that Mb alpha1,4-galactosyltransferase catalyzed the transfer of galactose onto both natural acceptors. Finally, we demonstrated that the trisaccharide Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-O-benzyl was able to inhibit anti-PK monoclonal antibody-mediated hemagglutination of human blood group PK1 and PK2 erythrocytes.
Comparison of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Viability and Infectivity Assays following Ozone Treatment of Oocysts (2000)

Several in vitro surrogates have been developed as convenient, user-friendly alternatives to mouse infectivity assays for determining the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Such viability assays have been used increasingly to determine oocyst inactivation following treatment with chemical, physical, or environmental stresses. Defining the relationship between in vitro viability assays and oocyst infectivity in susceptible hosts is critical for determining the significance of existing oocyst inactivation data for these in vitro assays and their suitability in future studies. In this study, four viability assays were compared with mouse infectivity assays, using neonatal CD-1 mice. Studies were conducted in the United States and United Kingdom using fresh (<1 month) or environmentally aged (3 months at 4 degrees C) oocysts, which were partially inactivated by ozonation before viability and/or infectivity analyses. High levels of variability were noted within and between the viability and infectivity assays in the U.S. and United Kingdom studies despite rigorous control over oocyst conditions and disinfection experiments. Based on the viability analysis of oocyst subsamples from each ozonation experiment, SYTO-59 assays demonstrated minimal change in oocyst viability, whereas 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole-propidium iodide assays, in vitro excystation, and SYTO-9 assays showed a marginal reduction in oocyst viability. In contrast, the neonatal mouse infectivity assay demonstrated significantly higher levels of oocyst inactivation in the U.S. and United Kingdom experiments. These comparisons illustrate that four in vitro viability assays cannot be used to reliably predict oocyst inactivation following treatment with low levels of ozone. Neonatal mouse infectivity assays should continue to be regarded as a "gold standard" until suitable alternative viability surrogates are identified for disinfection studies.
First THz and IR characterization of nanometer-scaled antenna-coupled InGaAs/InP Schottky-diode detectors for room temperature infrared imaging (2007)

Nanometer high performance InP Schottky detectors are scaled to IR wavelengths. The increased cutoff frequency of the Schottky detector was accomplished by both reducing its capacitance to attofarad range and also by reducing the contact resistance. The Schottky detectors were fabricated on InGaAs/InP substrates with the doping level as high as 1 x 10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. The typical Schottky detector anode size was 0.1 x 1 μm<sup>2</sup>. Planar broadband antennas were designed for LWIR wavelengths to couple the radiation into the nanometer size detector. Several different IR antenna designs were evaluated, including complimentary square spirals, bow ties and crossed dipoles. A 6 × 7 array of antenna-coupled Schottky detectors was characterized at DC, yielding a 20 KΩ zero-bias resistance and a responsivity of 6 A/W for the entire array. The arrays were characterized at 2.5 THz, as well as in the IR (3-5μm and 10.6 μm). The current results for polarization sensitivity confirm that an antenna-coupled mechanism is responsible for the measured responsivity with the highest value measured at the THz range.
Purification of Oligodendrocytes and Their Progenitors Using Immunomagnetic Separation and Percoll Gradient Centrifugation (1998)

In this unit, two techniques are described for the purification of oligodendrocytes and their progenitors from the developing mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The first method utilizes the technique of immunomagnetic separation to selectively isolate oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells from the optic nerve of prenatal and early postnatal rats. This technique takes advantage of the surface antigens expressed on these cells. A paramagnetic bead is attached to the cells via an antibody bridge. Target cells that are coupled to magnetic beads can then be separated from a heterogeneous cell population using a magnetic field. The second method for isolating oligodendrocytes uses Percoll gradient centrifugation to separate oligodendrocytes from a heterogeneous cell population by virtue of their cell density and allows the direct isolation of oligodendrocytes from animals aged postnatal day 4 (P-4) to adult. This method is particularly useful for assessing physiological systems present in development that may be lost as a result of growing purified neonatal cells in vitro in the absence of neuronal influence.
Striatal neural grafting improves cortical metabolism in Huntington's disease patients (2003)

Huntington's disease is a hereditary disease in which degeneration of neurons in the striatum leads to motor and cognitive deficits. Foetal striatal allografts reverse these deficits in phenotypic models of Huntington's disease developed in primates. A recent open-label pilot study has shown some clinical improvement or stabilization in three out of five Huntington's disease patients who received bilateral striatal grafts of foetal neurons. We show here that the clinical changes in these three patients were associated with a reduction of the striatal and cortical hypometabolism, demonstrating that grafts were able to restore the function of striato-cortical loops. Conversely, in the two patients not improved by the grafts, striatal and cortical hypometabolism progressed over the 2-year follow-up. Finally, detailed anatomical-functional analysis of the grafted striata, enabled by the 3D fusion of MRI and metabolic images, revealed considerable heterogeneity in the anatomic and metabolic profiles of grafted tissue, both within and between Huntington's disease patients. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of PET measurements of brain glucose metabolism in understanding the effects of foetal grafts in patients with Huntington's disease.
Monoclonal yeast killer toxin-like candidacidal anti-idiotypic antibodies (1997)

Rat monoclonal yeast killer toxin (KT)-like immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-idiotypic antibodies (KT-IdAbs) were produced by idiotypic vaccination with a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb; MAb KT4) that neutralized a Pichia anomala KT characterized by a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The characteristics of the KT-IdAbs were demonstrated by their capacity to compete with the KT to the idiotype of MAb KT4 and to interact with putative KT cell wall receptors (KTRs) of sensitive Candida albicans cells. The internal-image properties of KT-IdAbs were proven by their killer activity against KT-sensitive yeasts. This lethal effect was abolished by prior adsorption of KT-IdAbs with MAb KT4. These findings stressed the potential importance of antibody-mediated immunoprotection against candidiasis and suggested a feasible experimental approach for producing antimicrobial receptor antibodies without purifying the receptor. KT-IdAbs might represent the basis for producing engineered derivatives with a high potential for effective therapeutic antifungal activity.
Evaluation of Sodium Poly- , L-glutamate as a Plasma Expander. (1959)

(1) A synthetic polypeptide, sodium poly-α, L-glutamate (SPG), has been evaluated as a plasma expander by comparing it with dextran in both normovolemic and hypovolemic dogs. (2) SPG at a concentration of 3% was equivalent to 6% dextran as a plasma expander. (3) Further studies with SPG proved it to be too toxic for clinical trial. It was observed to impair cardiac output in the dog, and to cause agglutination and an increase in sedimentation rate of both human and dog erythrocytes. (4) A considerable part of the injected dose remained in the blood at 5 hours after injection and no evidence of further elimination over the next 3 days was observed.
Testing as a Service over Cloud (2010)

Testing-as-a-service (TaaS) is a new model to provide testing capabilities to end users. Users save the cost of complicated maintenance and upgrade effort, and service providers can upgrade their services without impact on the end-users. Due to uneven volumes of concurrent requests, it is important to address the elasticity of TaaS platform in a cloud environment. Scheduling and dispatching algorithms are developed to improve the utilization of computing resources. We develop a prototype of TaaS over cloud, and evaluate the scalability of the platform by increasing the test task load, analyze the distribution of computing time on test task scheduling and test task processing over the cloud, and examine the performance of proposed algorithms by comparing others.
Cost-Effectiveness of Chest X-Ray Follow-Up of Patients Treated for Seminoma of the Testis (1986)

The authors report on a consecutive series of 253 cases of seminoma of the testis followed with periodic chest X-ray examinations from a minimum of three to a maximum of 27 years. The detection rate of asymptomatic intrathoracic metastases (ITM) was considered together with the costs of the follow-up procedure. Chest X-ray follow-up is not advisable beyond one year from primary treatment, since most (14 of 18) ITM occur in the first year, the detection rate of ITM beyond this date is too low (0.11% patients/year), and the related costs are too high (over $130,000 per ITM detected). Chest X-ray follow-up is questionable even in the first year after primary treatment for Stage I cases because of the low detection rate (1.38% patients/year) and the high costs (over $14,000 per ITM detected), whereas it appears to be opportune in Stages IIA and IIB.
Compatible Systems for High Quality Television (1983)

The feasibility of introducing a picture memory into domestic receivers at an acceptable cost opens new ways to approach the improvement of television picture quality. Until very recently straightforward improvement of the system was the only way to produce a better picture. The advent of a picture memory opens up at least two alternative approaches which have been described in outline in a previous paper by Jackson and Tan (Ref 1). The options suggested were, first to assume that the normal transmission would be left unchanged and to use a combination of memory plus picture processing to achieve a greatly improved picture. Secondly, to assume the alternative starting point of achieving a large screen picture of very high quality whilst using processing to retain as much compatibility as possible. This paper gives more detail about work already done on these approaches and also suggests some new possibilities.
LETHAL EFFECTS OF GAMMA RADIATION UPON SEGMENTS OF A NATURAL MICROBIAL POPULATION (1956)

One aspect of radiation biology which has received scant attention is the effect of radiations upon natural populations. There is a possibility that such populations may be exposed to such influences in the future; namely, from the release of radioactive wastes in a large scale nuclear power program. Therefore, it seemed desirable to start accumulating basic data on the effects of known dosages of radiation upon natural populations in their native substrate. This paper deals with the lethal effects of gamma radiation upon segments of a natural microbial population, an experiment which is part of an overall ecological study on an entire natural population. 18 references, 1 figure, 3 tables.
Surface Charge of Endothelial Cells Estimated from Electrophoretic Mobility (1989)

The surface charge density of endothelial cells was estimated from cell electrophoresis. Cultured endothelial cells from the bovine pulmonary artery were suspended in saline and placed in the lumen of a glass capillary. A voltage was applied across the capillary ends and the velocity imparted to the cells was measured with a microscope. Erythrocyte mobility was also measured. The mobility in (micron/s)/(V/cm) was 0.74 +/- 0.08 for endothelial cells and 1.03 +/- 0.15 for erythrocytes. Charge density in esu/cm2 was calculated as 2.62 x 10(4) and 0.91 x 10(4) for endothelial and red cells, respectively. Removal of sialic acid did not affect the mobility of endothelial cells, but it reduced that of red cells to near zero. Endothelial cell mobility decreased either with ionic strength or calcium concentration. Our results strongly suggest that the surface charge of endothelial cells is dependent on sulfated glycosaminoglycans.
Web Annotation System Based on Web Services (2006)

Annotation tools allow users to complement existing documents with comments, suggestions or other information. Currently, desktop annotation tools are much more sophisticated than those available for annotating Web documents. EspiritUs is a Web services based system designed to allow users to create, share, and search annotations on the Web. In this article we analyze in detail existing Web annotation tools, present the adopted architecture based on XML technologies, describe the system implementation and present two possible annotation scenarios. Finally, we present some conclusions and guidelines for future work for this project.
Application of novel chromium dioxide magnetic particles to immunoassay development. (1987)

We have used chromium dioxide magnetic particles as the solid support in developing a series of immunological tests. The high surface area (greater than 40 m2/g) available on the magnetic particles and their easy dispersion throughout a solution allow for rapid and complete capture of the target antigen. The magnetic responsiveness of the particles allows for rapid, high-efficiency washing to reduce nonspecific binding, which often limits the sensitivity of serological assays. These features form the basis of extremely rapid and flexible assays for several hormones and markers of cancer and infectious disease. Most of the assays involve monoclonal antibodies. Here we describe specific performance characteristics for thyroxin, follitropin, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB, and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All of the assays are performed in less than 90 min, many in 30 to 45 min. The technology is highly flexible and is suitable for a variety of formats, from manual to fully automated.
A 3-D Split Manufacturing Approach to Trustworthy System Development (2013)

Securing the supply chain of integrated circuits is of utmost importance to computer security. In addition to counterfeit microelectronics, the theft or malicious modification of designs in the foundry can result in catastrophic damage to critical systems and large projects. In this letter, we describe a 3-D architecture that splits a design into two separate tiers: one tier that contains critical security functions is manufactured in a trusted foundry; another tier is manufactured in an unsecured foundry. We argue that a split manufacturing approach to hardware trust based on 3-D integration is viable and provides several advantages over other approaches.
Capturing Complex Spatio-temporal Relations among Facial Muscles for Facial Expression Recognition (2013)

Spatial-temporal relations among facial muscles carry crucial information about facial expressions yet have not been thoroughly exploited. One contributing factor for this is the limited ability of the current dynamic models in capturing complex spatial and temporal relations. Existing dynamic models can only capture simple local temporal relations among sequential events, or lack the ability for incorporating uncertainties. To overcome these limitations and take full advantage of the spatio-temporal information, we propose to model the facial expression as a complex activity that consists of temporally overlapping or sequential primitive facial events. We further propose the Interval Temporal Bayesian Network to capture these complex temporal relations among primitive facial events for facial expression modeling and recognition. Experimental results on benchmark databases demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in recognizing facial expressions based purely on spatio-temporal relations among facial muscles, as well as its advantage over the existing methods.
Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis by Integrated Signals From Toll‐Like Receptors (2014)

A variety of pathogen-derived molecules have been shown to cause bone loss by enhancing osteoclast differentiation through activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs). The pathogen-derived molecules (TLR-ligands) modulate osteoclastogenesis in a complex manner: inhibition of the osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL in early precursors and osteoclastogenesis stimulation in RANKL-primed cells. Since organisms may be challenged by several TLR ligands at a time, we investigated osteoclastogenesis modulation by simultaneous challenge with different TLR ligands. As an example we used ligands for TLR3 (Synthetic double stranded RNA [dsRNA], polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] mimicking viral dsRNA), TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria) and TLR9 (Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide mimicking bacterial DNA [CpG-ODN]). In osteoclastogenesis-inhibition, synergy between LPS and CpG-ODN or LPS and poly(I:C) while in stimulation, synergy between LPS and CpG-ODN or CpG-ODN and poly(I:C) were observed. Modulation of molecules involved in osteoclastogenesis (c-Fos, M-CSF receptors [M-CSFR], TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 and the three TLRs tested) was examined. The results indicate that M-CSFR plays a role only in the inhibitory effect while c-Fos plays a role in the two effects. TLR3 and TLR9 levels were increased by the TLRs ligands, suggesting that this may be part of the mechanism leading to the synergy. While TLRs activation in RANKL-primed cells, increasing osteoclastogenesis, explains pathogen-induced bone loss, activation of TLRs in early cells inhibiting osteoclastogenesis could attenuate excessive resorption, and promote differentiation of common precursor cells into inflammatory cells. The synergism between TLR ligands enables the individual to initiate response at a lower level of pathogen.
Strategies on the immediate assignment procedure within the GSM call setup scenario (2003)

In the call setup implementation of a cellular system, there are two design choices for the immediate assignment procedure: (1) assign a traffic channel and (2) assign a stand-alone dedicated control channel. A simulation was run to analyze which option would give a better system performance in terms of number of attempts blocked and channel utilization. The results of the simulation demonstrated that it is a tradeoff between the performance of the call setup time and the channel capacity in each cell.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Agent-based integration of Web Services with Workflow Management Systems (2005)

Rapid changes in the business environment call for more flexible and adaptive workflow systems. Researchers have proposed that Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) comprising multiple agents can provide these capabilities. We have developed a multiagent based workflow system, JBees, which supports distributed process models and the adaptability of executing processes. Modern workflow systems should also have the flexibility to integrate available Web Services as they are updated. In this paper we discuss how our agent-based architecture can be used to bind and access Web Services in the context of executing a workflow process model.
Modern dressings: what to use. (1994)

There have been significant advances in the understanding of wounds and wound management since the 1960s. The author briefly discusses these advances and provides a practical introduction to current dressing routines.
Assays for cholinergic properties in cultured rat Schwann cells (1984)

Cultured rat Schwann cells did not contain detectable levels of choline-acetyltransferase (less than 0.5 pmol ACh min-1 mg-1 of protein) or of acetylcholinesterase and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. After adding Schwann cells to primary rat myotube cultures, the level of cholineacetyl-transferase in the co-cultures increased after three weeks to as high as 5 pmol ACh min-1 mg-1. The activity appearing in co-cultures sedimented at approximately 4S, and was inhibited 50% by 4(1-napthylvinyl)pyridine in the concentration range of 10-50 microM. After treatment of co-cultures with anti rat neural antigen-1 (RAN-1) and complement, 70-80% of the activity was lost, suggesting that it is induced in the Schwann cells. Attempts to obtain the effect by exposure of Schwann cells to medium conditioned by the myotube cultures, or by co-culture with fibroblasts gave levels of activity at or below the limit of detection.
Gas Dynamics Simulation for the Design of Intake and Exhaust Systems - Latest Techniques (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Simulation models for exhaust and intake systems are now sufficiently advanced that they offer real benefits over traditional design methods. Application of time domain simulation methods and recent increases in computational speed have enabled complex models to be applied to more detailed studies. Transient simulation facilitates the prediction of, primarily, sound quality for intake orifice and exhaust tailpipe noise across the full engine operating speed range. This methodology developed by Ricardo has shown to be an extremely valuable tool in the design of intake and exhaust systems for engine performance, noise and sound quality.</div>
State-Resolved Rotational Excitation in HD + HD Collisions (1977)

A novel pulsed-molecular-beam technique has been used to measure differential cross sections for state-resolved rotational transitions in HD + HD collisions. Inelastic transition probabilities are reported for the rotation-energy-level transitions ${J}_{A}{J}_{B}=00\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{{J}_{A}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{{J}_{B}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=(10, 01), 11, \mathrm{and} (20, 02)$ at a center-of-mass scattering angle at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and at several collision energies. A brief description of the apparatus is provided.