gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trailer Stabilization Through Active Braking of the Towing Vehicle (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses the rationale for, and development of, a towing vehicle based active brake control algorithm which assists drivers in the case of an oscillatory instability in a car-trailer system. As part of the rationale, this paper will discuss briefly the challenges the driver faces when loading and equipping the trailer, the factors which attribute to instabilities, and the current technology available to assist the driver of a car-trailer system. This paper will also review the Development Process of the algorithm which included Software in the Loop (SIL) simulation and Rapid Prototyping (RP) techniques. SIL and RP results prove the validity of a towing vehicle based active braking algorithm for stabilizing a trailer.</div>
Effect of polymeric additives on the rheological properties of talc‐filled polypropylene (1980)

Abstract The effect of small amounts of low molecular weight polypropylene oxide on the rheological properties of talc‐filled polypropylene composites was studied experimentally using a capillary viscometer. The elastic behavior of the system was investigated by exit pressure and die swell methods. Initial studies showed that the talc filler does not influence the viscosity of the polypropylene but decreases the elasticity of the polymer system. Addition of oligomer concentration in a 40 wt percent talc‐filled polypropylene not only decreases the viscosity but also further decreases considerably the elasticity of the filled polymer composite. In both cases about 3 wt percent oligomer cone entration appears to be optimal, and further addition of oligomer does not significantly influence the rheological characteristics of the talc‐filled polypropylene composite.
Roots of the State (2020)

Focusing on the capital cities of Beijing and Taipei, this book provides a detailed discussion of state-sponsored neighborhood organizations in China and Taiwan. It is grounded in the comparative scholarship on neighborhood organizations, civil society, and state-society relations, particularly in East Asia.
Advanced aspects of electromagnetic SERS enhancement factors at a hot spot (2008)

Abstract In this paper, we discuss some advanced theoretical aspects of electromagnetic enhancement factors (EFs) in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We focus in particular on the influence of surface selection rules (SSRs) on SERS EFs at hot spots, and the determination of SERS depolarization ratios. Both aspects could be viewed as secondary (compared to the overall magnitude of the SERS EF), but are nevertheless observable experimentally and crucial for a fundamental understanding of SERS. They also share the property that they cannot be studied within the commonly used | E | 4 approximation to the SERS EFs, and appropriate tools are developed here to make predictions beyond this approximation in the case of a SERS hot spot. In addition, theoretical estimates of different types of (previously defined) EFs are provided, and their origins discussed for the typical example of a SERS substrate dominated by SERS hot spots. Finally, experimental measurements of SERS depolarization ratios are presented to support the theoretical predictions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jasmonate and Phytochrome A Signaling in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Wound and Shade Responses Are Integrated through JAZ1 Stability   (2010)

Jasmonate (JA) activates plant defense, promotes pollen maturation, and suppresses plant growth. An emerging theme in JA biology is its involvement in light responses; here, we examine the interdependence of the JA- and light-signaling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that mutants deficient in JA biosynthesis and signaling are deficient in a subset of high irradiance responses in far-red (FR) light. These mutants display exaggerated shade responses to low, but not high, R/FR ratio light, suggesting a role for JA in phytochrome A (phyA) signaling. Additionally, we demonstrate that the FR light-induced expression of transcription factor genes is dependent on CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1), a central component of JA signaling, and is suppressed by JA. phyA mutants had reduced JA-regulated growth inhibition and VSP expression and increased content of cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid, an intermediate in JA biosynthesis. Significantly, COI1-mediated degradation of JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN1-beta-glucuronidase (JAZ1-GUS) in response to mechanical wounding and JA treatment required phyA, and ectopic expression of JAZ1-GUS resulted in exaggerated shade responses. Together, these results indicate that JA and phyA signaling are integrated through degradation of the JAZ1 protein, and both are required for plant responses to light and stress.
The Role of Inflammation in Diabetes: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives (2019)

Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder affecting the glucose status of the human body. Chronic hyperglycaemia related to diabetes is associated with end organ failure. The clinical relationship between diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well established. This makes therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target diabetes and atherosclerotic disease an attractive area for research. The majority of people with diabetes fall into two broad pathogenetic categories, type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The role of obesity, adipose tissue, gut microbiota and pancreatic beta cell function in diabetes are under intensive scrutiny with several clinical trials to have been completed while more are in development. The emerging role of inflammation in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T1D) pathophysiology and associated metabolic disorders, has generated increasing interest in targeting inflammation to improve prevention and control of the disease. After an extensive review of the possible mechanisms that drive the metabolic pattern in T1D and T2D and the inflammatory pathways that are involved, it becomes ever clearer that future research should focus on a model of combined suppression for various inflammatory response pathways.
<i>p53</i> therapy in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (2007)

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that greatly increases the risk of developing multiple types of cancer. The majority of Li-Fraumeni syndrome families contain germ-line mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. We describe treatment of a refractory, progressive Li-Fraumeni syndrome embryonal carcinoma with a p53 therapy (Advexin) targeted to the underlying molecular defect of this syndrome. p53 treatment resulted in complete and durable remission of the injected lesion by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scans with improvement of tumor-related symptoms. With respect to molecular markers, the patient's tumor had abnormal p53 and expressed coxsackie adenovirus receptors with a low HDM2 and bcl-2 profile conducive for adenoviral p53 activity. p53 treatment resulted in the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis documented by p21 and cleaved caspase-3 detection. Increased adenoviral antibody titers after repeated therapy did not inhibit adenoviral p53 activity or result in pathologic sequelae. Relationships between these clinical, radiographic, and molecular markers may prove useful in guiding future application of p53 tumor suppressor therapy.
An automated framework for structural test-data generation (2002)

Structural testing criteria are mandated in many software development standards and guidelines. The process of generating test data to achieve 100% coverage of a given structural coverage metric is labour-intensive and expensive. This paper presents an approach to automate the generation of such test data. The test-data generation is based on the application of a dynamic optimisation-based search for the required test data. The same approach can be generalised to solve other test-data generation problems. Three such applications are discussed-boundary value analysis, assertion/run-time exception testing, and component re-use testing. A prototype tool-set has been developed to facilitate the automatic generation of test data for these structural testing problems. The results of preliminary experiments using this technique and the prototype tool-set are presented and show the efficiency and effectiveness of this approach.
Questions About Disclosure (2004)

In their Policy Forum “Disclosure in regulatory science” (19 Dec., p. [2073][1]), D. Michaels and W. Wagner overstate the potential problems with privately funded research being used by regulators. Their proposed remedy is more moderate, however, and worthy of broader debate.

Most ominously,
Flash-Freezing Causes a Stress-Induced Modulation in a Crystal Structure of Soybean Lipoxygenase L3 (1996)

A dynamic conformational flexibility of a protein might be a source of non-covalent structural heterogeneity, causing diminished diffracting ability of crystals and disorder in a crystal structure of soybean lipoxygenase L3. Room-temperature data, space group C2, correspond to a structure with large channels lined mostly or in part by disordered fragments of the molecule or flexible loops with an increased thermal vibration. A rapid change in temperature of approximately 200 K creates a wave of a stress-induced modulation that propagates in the crystal changing its reciprocal space into a three-dimensional quilt-like mixture of C and P intertwined lattices. Low-temperature data indicate a transformation from the dynamic to static disorder, leading to a primitive unit cell with 10% reduced volume. The molecules, formerly related by a twofold axis are rotated by approximately 7 degrees and are shifted along the diagonal to be approximately 4 A, closer together. During a routine data collection for the flash-frozen crystals of similar properties such phenomena could easily go unnoticed leading to biased results because of such effects and possibly improper indexing of the data.
Some Compounds of Tungsten-Bronze Type A<sub>6</sub>B<sub>10</sub>O<sub>30</sub> (B=Nb, Ti or Nb, W) (1971)

Effects of substituting Ti or W for Nb in A 6 B 10 O 30 -type niobates are examined. The general formula of the sample studied here is described as A n p + A 6- n q + B m r + Nb 10- m 5+ O 30 , where B r + =Ti 4+ or W 6+ and A 1+ =K, Na, A 2+ =Ba, Sr, A 3+ =Bi, La. There are found several tungsten-bronze type compounds. In order to elucidate the effect of Ti or W substitutions, they are classified on the basis of ionic radii and the value of n (or m ), and the tungsten-bronze field is roughly determined. Variations with composition of lattice parameters and dielectric peak temperatures are considered based on the present classification.
Major-Histocompatibility-Complex Class I Alleles and Antigens in Hematopoietic-Cell Transplantation (2001)

HLA class I antigen mismatches that are serologically detectable confer an enhanced risk of graft failure after hematopoietic-cell transplantation. Transplants from donors with a single class I allele mismatch that is not serologically detectable may be used without an increased risk of graft failure.
Extraction and Liquid Membrane Preconcentration of Rosmarinic Acid from Lemon Balm (<i>Melissa Officinalis L</i>.) (2006)

Abstract Liquid membrane separation technique was applied for the recovery and preconcentration of rosmarinic acid from aqueous extract of dried leaves of Balm lemon (Melissa officinalis L.). Among several studied organic solvents, diisopropyl ether and ethylacetate appeared to be appropriate membrane liquids for recovery and selective preconcentration of the acid. The difference in pH values between the two aqueous solutions was the driving force in this case. An integrated process coupling the extraction of rosmarinic acid from ground Melissa leaves with a simultaneous stripping of membrane and accumulation of the extracted solute was demonstrated using a laboratory bulk liquid membrane contactor. The process provided an almost complete (96 percent) exhaustion of the herbal mass and highly enriched final extract, containing 87 percent RA after strip solution drying.
Transurethral Removal of Large Ureteral and Renal Pelvic Calculi Using Ureteroscopic Ultrasonic Lithotripsy (1983)

Transurethral ultrasonic fragmentation of stones allows successful endoscopic removal of upper urinary calculi that otherwise would be considered too large to extract. We successfully extracted endoscopically 2 large renal pelvic and 5 large ureteral stones using transurethral ureteropyeloscopy and ultrasonic lithotripsy. The stone is visualized first with the ureteropyeloscope, and then engaged in a basket and either fragmented or disintegrated with the ultrasonic transducer. Any remaining small stone fragments can be retrieved with a stone basket or forceps. There has been little morbidity with this procedure and patients can return to normal activity after discharge from the hospital.
β-Glycosidases in Plants (1993)

The high degree of specificity which plant β-glycosidases exhibit for the aglycone moiety of their substrates is not well recognized. This has resulted from the use of artificial, often chromogenic substrates rather than those occurring natively. While the use in the past of partially purified, rather than homogeneous, enzymes also contributed to this false impression, improved methods and greater interest in these proteins now requires careful study of this property. Many β-glycosidases acting on cyanogenic glycosides exhibit pronounced specificity for the native substrates, but some exceptions exist. Enzymes hydrolyzing other plant glycosides and thioglucosides also exhibit significant specificity, and, as a group, plant β-glycosidases are well designed for metabolizing specific plant glycosides.
Complementary DMOS/BiCMOS technology for power IC applications (2003)

A power integrated circuit technology capable of integrating complementary power double-diffused MOS (DMOS) output devices with high-performance BiCMOS analog and digital components is described. The PDMOS output device is incorporated to address the class of applications which require complementary power outputs, but for which lateral p-n-p bipolars or charge-pumped NDMOS transistors are unsuitable. Power DMOS characteristics are optimized by the use of a thin-well architecture with n+ and p+ polysilicon gate technology. Important features of the technology are area-competitive 80-120-V power DMOS with logic-level-compatible threshold voltages, fine-feature-size CMOS with nanosecond stage delays, high-accuracy bipolar capability, and oxide-isolated polysilicon diodes. The technology was used successfully to fabricate individual test devices: subcircuit elements such as inverters, ring oscillators, references, comparators, and op amps; and commercial circuit designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Remote patient monitoring and information system (2006)

This paper presents a remote healthcare patient monitoring system, called the Virtual Eye (VI), that utilises the World Wide Web infrastructure to monitor, collect, analyse and record patients' health status. The data is stored in the hospital database and can be accessed from anywhere through the internet. When a patient is in an alarming situation, the VI sends SMS messages to the mobile of the designated health personnel via the public GSM network. The novelty of the system lies in its security and its ability to use both the internet and the GSM network as communication media. Doctors can access the database server to compare the patient's current status with his/her medical history. It can be used by one physician to monitor a group of patients simultaneously, or by a group of physicians who all monitor the same patient. It allows plug-and-play of multivendor off-the-shelf hardware devices, thus avoiding proprietary standards.
Tailored RF pulse for magnetization inversion at ultrahigh field (2009)

The radiofrequency (RF) transmit field is severely inhomogeneous at ultrahigh field due to both RF penetration and RF coil design issues. This particularly impairs image quality for sequences that use inversion pulses such as magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo and limits the use of quantitative arterial spin labeling sequences such as flow-attenuated inversion recovery. Here we have used a search algorithm to produce inversion pulses tailored to take into account the heterogeneity of the RF transmit field at 7 T. This created a slice selective inversion pulse that worked well (good slice profile and uniform inversion) over the range of RF amplitudes typically obtained in the head at 7 T while still maintaining an experimentally achievable pulse length and pulse amplitude in the brain at 7 T. The pulses used were based on the frequency offset correction inversion technique, as well as time dilation of functions, but the RF amplitude, frequency sweep, and gradient functions were all generated using a genetic algorithm with an evaluation function that took into account both the desired inversion profile and the transmit field inhomogeneity.
Transforming Growth Factor β1 Induces the Expression of α1(I) Procollagen Mrna by A Hydrogen Peroxide–C/Ebpβ–Dependent Mechanism in Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells (1999)

Oxidative stress plays a key role in liver fibrosis. Both inflammatory cells and activated Kupffer cells produce H2O2, an oxidant involved in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Increased production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in fibrotic livers is associated in part with the up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and this cytokine enhances collagen production by cultured HSC. However, the possible link between oxidative stress and the molecular mechanisms by which TGF-beta induces collagen gene expression in HSC remains to be elucidated. To address this question, we investigated whether H2O2 is a mediator of TGF-beta-elicited alpha1(I) collagen gene (col1a1) up-regulation. We demonstrated that TGF-beta induces the accumulation of H2O2, and that this oxidant is, in turn, directly involved in up-regulating the expression of the col1a1 gene. While the addition of H2O2 to HSC induced the expression of alpha1(I) procollagen mRNA, catalase, an H2O2 enzyme scavenger, abrogated TGF-beta-mediated col1a1 gene up-regulation. We transfected HSC with chimeric plasmids driven by different segments of the mouse col1a1 promoter and mapped a cis-acting element (-370 to -344) essential for TGF-beta responsiveness. We further showed that TGF-beta induced the activation and binding of a C/EBPbeta-containing transcriptional complex to this sequence, an effect that was also mimicked by the addition of H2O2. Taken together, these data demonstrate a direct connection between TGF-beta-mediated accumulation of H2O2 and the up-regulation of col1a1 gene in HSC.
Architecture, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Concurrent Multi-path Real-time Transport Control Protocol (2007)

Current multimedia applications utilize a combination of real-time transport protocol (RTP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) for transmitting real-time streams across the network. Bandwidth aggregation over multiple paths for improved real-time stream transmission can be achieved using either a combination of multi-flow RTP (MRTP) and UDP, or various adaptations of Partial reliability (PR) extension of SCTP (SCTP-PR). However, they are not really useful for balancing load on the multiple paths. The receiving end of these protocols can neither identify late arriving packets nor notify the sender about them. The novel concurrent multi-path real-time transmission control protocol (cmpRTCP) proposed, implemented, and evaluated in this work not only overcomes the problems faced by existing multi-path protocols, but also preserves the novel design and implementation features of the recently proposed cmpTCP. This protocol which has a congestion controller and a packet scheduler embedded in its core, intelligently exploits the availability of multiple paths between multi-homed hosts for concurrent transmission and showcases the ability of (i) remaining TCP-friendly while aggregating bandwidth, (ii) balancing load across paths by scheduling more packets on less congested paths, (iii) increasing end-to-end connection reliability by using multiple paths and (iv) improving QoS at the receiving end by scheduling more packets on better paths.
Autoregulation of co‐chaperone BAG3 gene transcription (2009)

The Bcl-2-associated athanogene, BAG, protein family through their BAG domain associates with the heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) and modulates its chaperone activity. One member of this family, BAG3, appears to play an important role in protein homeostasis, as its expression promotes cell survival. Expression of BAG3 is enhanced by a variety of stress-inducing agents. Here we describe a role for BAG3 to modulate transcription of its own promoter through a positive feedback loop involving its 5'-UTR sequence. Activation of the BAG3 promoter is mediated by the BAG domain and is independent of BAG3 association with the UTR sequence. Autoactivation of the BAG3 gene is observed in several cultures of human glial cells including gliomas, but not in several other non-glial cell lines such as He La and others. Results from cell fractionation and immunocytochemistry showed BAG3 in the cytoplasm as well as the nuclei of glial cells. These observations suggest that BAG3 gene expression is controlled by its own product and that this may be critical for the biological activity of BAG3 in some cell types.
Formation of silicon carbide particles behind shock waves (1989)

The formation of silicon carbide powder in a 3% SiH4-3% CH4-Ar mixture was studied in a shock tube. The experiments were conducted at the temperature of 800–3650 K, pressures of 0.46–4.16 atm, and reaction times of 1–2 ms. The progress of reaction was monitored by the attenuation of a He-Ne (633 nm) laser beam. Powders collected at the end wall of the tube were identified to be β-SiC and at high temperatures contained particles having sizes up to 0.5 μm. The large particles had the form of thin single-crystal platelets with hexagonal and truncated triangular shapes. The transmitted laser light intensity as a function of reaction time exhibited a pronounced minimum at incident shock temperatures above 1700 K. A reaction model is proposed that explains the experimental observations. It is postulated that SiC particles are nucleated homogeneously, along with Si particles. The latter are etched by the products of methane pyrolysis and the chemical species formed by the etching add to the growth of SiC particles.
CD69: from activation marker to metabolic gatekeeper (2017)

CD69 is a membrane-bound, type II C-lectin receptor. It is a classical early marker of lymphocyte activation due to its rapid appearance on the surface of the plasma membrane after stimulation. CD69 is expressed by several subsets of tissue resident immune cells, including resident memory T (TRM) cells and gamma delta (γδ) T cells, and is therefore considered a marker of tissue retention. Recent evidence has revealed that CD69 regulates some specific functions of selected T-cell subsets, determining the migration-retention ratio as well as the acquisition of effector or regulatory phenotypes. Specifically, CD69 regulates the differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells as well as the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-22. The identification of putative CD69 ligands, such as Galectin-1 (Gal-1), suggests that CD69-induced signaling can be regulated not only during cognate contacts between T cells and antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid organs, but also in the periphery, where cytokines and other metabolites control the final outcome of the immune response. Here, we will discuss new aspects of the molecular signaling mediated by CD69 and its involvement in the metabolic reprogramming regulating TH-effector lineages.