gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Allocation Problem with Applications to Operations Research and Statistics (1963)

A considerable number of problems in operations research and statistics have the following form maximize ∫ f[x, y(x)] dx subject to ∫ g[x, y(x)] dx = constant with respect to bounded y(x). We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a maximizing function under fairly weak restrictions and prove its existence. The solution is applied to a general version of B. O. Koopman's search problem, and to the Neyman, Pearson lemma of statistics. We also show that in the discrete version of this problem, where x is replaced by an index and sums replace integrals, our condition is sufficient but not necessary and give, as illustration of the sufficiency, a solution to an assignment problem.
Reviews (1988)

Journal Article Reviews Get access E. A. J. Honigmann , John Weever: A Biography of a Literary Associate of Shakespeare and Jonson, Together with a Photographic Facsimile of Weever's Epigrammes {1599) . Pp. x + 134 (The Revels Plays Companion Library). Manchester : Manchester University Press , 1987 . £27.50. WILLIAM PROCTOR WILLIAMS WILLIAM PROCTOR WILLIAMS Northern Illinois University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 35, Issue 4, December 1988, Pages 526–527, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/35-4-526 Published: 01 December 1988
Transmissive-mode silicon field emission array photoemitter (1972)

The photosensitivity of thin silicon field-emitter array structures has been investigated in transmission over the 0.4- to 1.1-μm spectral region. Quantum yields of 45% at 0.90 μm and 0.5% at 1.06 μm have been measured at 90 °K. Image formation at wavelengths longer than 0.85 μm with a resolution approaching 10 line pairs/mm has been demonstrated with prototype 30-mm-diam target structures. It is also shown that large-area avalanche multiplication of carriers may be used without significant image degradation.
Frequent Mutation of p16 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (1998)

RNA was isolated from 22 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) obtained from diverse sites within the head and neck and from matched normal tissue where available. Tissue samples were then screened for expression of RNA from tumor suppressor gene p16 by utilizing semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. p16-Specific PCR amplification products generated from tumor samples were subject to further analysis by direct DNA sequencing to determine if any tumor sample harbored a p16 mutation. The results show the presence of mutations in 10 of 22 (45%) of the tumor samples. Mutations comprise two identical point mutations, two small deletions (1 bp and 2 bp), one single-nucleotide insertion, four larger deletions, and an insertion/deletion. No mutations in p16 have been identified by analysis of PCR products generated from normal matched tissue, suggesting that p16 alterations are generated by somatic mutation and are not germline in origin. All 22 samples were analyzed additionally by immunohistochemistry for nuclear expression of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor gene product. Results show lack of RB nuclear expression in only one sample, suggesting that mutation of RB is an infrequent event in the development of SCC of the head and neck (SCCHN).
A unified approach to protocol test sequence generation (2002)

The authors present an approach that combines control flow and data flow analysis techniques to generate unified test sequences (UTSs) for testing protocols modeled as an extended finite-state machine (EFSM). The UTS has the same fault detection capability as the characterizing sequence (UIO, DS, or W) methods for the control part, and at the same time covers all paths that connect variable definitions and uses (all du-paths) for data flow testing. A transition dependence graph is proposed to represent the dependence relations between transitions needed to construct the test sequences. The executable UTS is then selected using constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) solution techniques and transition loop analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical processes in lakes (1985)

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Chemical Substances in Lakes: Modeling Concepts Conceptual Models for Transport at a Redox Boundary Aqueous Surface Chemistry: Assessment of Adsorption Characteristics of Organic Solutes by Electrochemical Methods Strategies for Microbial Resistance to Heavy Metals Carbon Isotopes and Productivity in the Lacustrine and Marine Environment Redox-Related Geochemistry in Lakes Alkali Metals, Alkaline-Earth Elements and 137Cs Mechanisms Controlling the Sedimentation Sequence of Various Elements in Prealpine Lakes The Pavin Crater Lake Phosphate Interactions at the Sediment-Water Interface The Influence of Coagulation and Sedimentation on the Fate of Particles, Associated Pollutants, and Nutrients in Lakes The Coupling of Elemental Cycles by Organisms: Evidence from Whole-Lake Chemical Perturbations The Geobiological Cycle of Trace Elements in Aquatic Systems: Redfield Revisited Metal Transfer Mechanisms in Lakes The Role of Settling Particles Acidification of Aquatic and Terrestrial Systems The Chemistry of Bog Waters Lake Restoration Kinetics of Chemical Processes of Importance in Lacustrine Environments Index.
Pancreatic Imaging (1985)

Methods now available for evaluating the pancreas include computed tomography, ultrasound, angiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous fine-needle aspiration. Computed tomography is best for initial evaluation of the patient with suspected pancreatic disorders as it is technically adequate and provides detailed anatomic information. Ultrasound also provides detailed information and survey capabilities but examinations are often technically unsatisfactory. Angiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and fine-needle aspiration provide important diagnostic information but are more invasive and require considerable operator skill. These techniques are secondary tests not indicated for the initial evaluation of every patient. No single test will always provide all necessary diagnostic information, and the appropriate utilization of each method requires an understanding of its strengths and weaknesses.
Refrigeration of pressurized He II using a 3He circulation system. (II). Behavior of the system during the initial cooling and after a pulsed heat generation. (1990)

In the previous paper, a performance of the 3He refrigerator with a Joule-Thomson expansion system under the steady heat load was reported. In this paper, the analysis and the behavior of the system after a pulsed heat generation in the pressurized He II are presented. Following the rise in temperature of the presurized He II upto near the λ point, the system is restored to a initial condition within a 15min. In the course of restoration, the temperature at the J-T valve showed an apparent unusual behavior. Very similar one was also seen during the initial cooling from 4.2K to 1.8K. These behaviors are analized on the basis of transient mass flow change.
Monomer and dimer formation in esters of dihydroxyacetone (1969)

The monomer (1-undecanoyloxy-3-hydroxyacetone) and dimer (2,5-diundecanoyloxymethyl-2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxane) of dihydroxyacetone monoundecanoate have been characterized, and the conditions associated with their interconversion have been determined. The respective molecular constitutions have been unequivocally documented with ultraviolet and infrared spectral characteristics.
Optical clock recovery demonstration using periodic oscillations of a hybrid electrooptic bistable system (1991)

Optical clock recovery using the periodic oscillations (also known as Ikeda oscillations) that arise from the astable behavior of a Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ Mach-Zehnder modulator with delayed feedback at a frequency of 13.6 MHz is discussed. The jitter performance of the timing extraction scheme for several input patterns is presented. The circuit provides gain, and its speed can be improved by monolithic integration of the modulator and the feedback-loop components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential Response of Estrogen Receptor Subtypes to 1,3-Diarylindene and 2,3-Diarylindene Ligands (2005)

Estrogen receptors (ERs) control transcription of genes important for normal human development and reproduction. The signaling networks are complex, and there is a need for a molecular level understanding of the roles of receptor subtypes ERalpha and ERbeta in normal physiology and as therapeutic targets. We synthesized two series of ER ligands, based on a common indene scaffold, in an attempt to develop compounds that can selectively modulate ER-mediated transcription. The 3-ethyl-1,2-diarylindenes, utilizing an amide linker for the 1-aryl extension, bind weakly to the ERs. The 2,3-diarylindenes bind with high affinity to the ER subtypes and demonstrate a range of different biological activities, both in transcriptional reporter gene assays and inhibition of estradiol-stimulated proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Several ligands differentiate between ERalpha and ERbeta subtypes at an estrogen response element (ERE), displaying various levels of partial to full agonist activity at ERalpha, while antagonizing estradiol action at ERbeta.
Mix zones: user privacy in location-aware services (2004)

Privacy of personal location information is becoming an increasingly important issue. We refine a method, called the mix zone, developed to enhance user privacy in location-based services. We improve the mathematical model, examine and minimise computational complexity and develop a method of providing feedback to users.
THE EFFECT OF HEAT LOSS ON THE FLASH METHOD OF DETERMINING THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY (1963)

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Making Sense from Snowden: What's Significant in the NSA Surveillance Revelations (2013)

Did Edward Snowden cause irreparable harm, or did he reveal facts that should be publicly examined? What are the facts, anyhow? This article seeks to put the Snowden revelations in context, explaining what's new, why it matters, and what might happen next.
Efficacy of Narasin in the Prevention of Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens (2001)

The efficacy of narasin in the control of necrotic enteritis (NE) was investigated in a floor pen study of 2000 broiler chickens using a Clostridium perfringens feed inoculum challenge model. Treatments were 1) nonmedicated, nonchallenged; 2) nonmedicated, challenged; 3) narasin, nonchallenged; 4) narasin, challenged. Narasin was administered at 70 ppm in the feed from day 0 to trial termination on day 41. Challenge inoculum contained approximately 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units CP/ml and was administered from day 14 to day 16. In the unmedicated groups, challenged birds had significantly (P < 0.05) lower mean body weight and reduced feed efficiency at day 21 and significantly (P < 0.01) higher cumulative NE mortality at day 41 compared with unchallenged. Similarly, among unmedicated birds, those challenged had a significantly (P < 0.01) higher mean NE score on day 17 and significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean huddling scores on days 15-17 than unchallenged. Among challenged birds, those fed narasin had significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean body weight and improved feed efficiency at days 21 and 41 and significantly (P < 0.01) lower cumulative NE mortality at day 41 than unmedicated. Similarly, among challenged birds, those receiving narasin had a lower mean NE score on day 17 (P > 0.05) and significantly (P < 0.05) lower huddling scores on days 16 and 17 than unmedicated. Coccidiosis lesion scores were zero for birds euthanatized from all treatment groups on day 17, suggesting that the beneficial effects of narasin were not due to prevention of coccidiosis. This study thus provides evidence that narasin is effective in the prevention of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Copper(II) and Manganese(II) Compounds Constructed from 5‐Sulfoisophthalic Acid (H<sub>3</sub>SIP) and 2,2′‐Bipyridine (bpy) Ligands (2008)

Abstract The compounds [Cu 2 (SIP‐O)(bpy) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] · 7H 2 O ( 1 ) and [Mn(HSIP)(bpy)] n ( 2 ) were synthesized by the hydrothermal reactions of Cu(OH) 2 or MnCl 2 , 5‐sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (NaH 2 SIP), and 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that the unprecedented hydroxylation of SIP 3– catalyzed by Cu 2+ occurs and produces the discrete SIP‐O 4– ‐bridged dicopper(II) compound 1 . The hydrogen‐bonding association of the seven lattice water molecules of 1 leads to the formation of an unusual 2D‐layered water consisting of fused four‐ and sixteen‐membered water rings and a discrete water octamer consisting of a cyclic tetramer and four dangling water molecules. Compound 2 is a 3D coordination polymer and has two kinds of topologically equivalent 4‐connected nodes based on Mn 2+ and HSIP 2– with a rare (4.6 5 ) topology.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Mechanism of the Sensitivity of the Planar  CO  Sensor and Its Dependency on Humidity (1992)

A planar electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor was fabricated with three electrodes (Pt working, Au reference, and Pt counterelectrode), upon a glass substrate with the electrodes coated with a cast Nafion film. The oxidation current, the impedance between working and counterelectrodes, and the permeability coefficient of a Nafion film were measured from 18 to 83% relative humidity (RH) of air. The observed oxidation current was derived from the measured permeability coefficient. By comparing the observed and calculated currents, the dependency of the oxidation current on RH was shown to be related to the change of the permeability coefficient and the water content of Nafion. The kinetic analysis also showed that the oxidation current was governed by the intermediate kinetic mechanism.
Very high hole mobilities in modulation-doped Ge quantum wells grown by low-energy plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2002)

We report on the fabrication of modulation-doped compressively strained Ge quantum wells by low-energy plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. A virtual substrate consisting of a thick linearly graded SiGe buffer layer and a cap layer of constant composition is first grown at a high rate (&gt;5 nm/s). The active layer stack, grown at a reduced rate, contains strain compensating cladding layers with modulation doping above the channel. Mobilities of up to 3000 cm2/V s and 87 000 cm2/V s have been achieved at room temperature and liquid He temperature, respectively.
Accurate Detection of Low Levels of Fluorescence Emission in Autofluorescent Background: <i>Francisella</i>-Infected Macrophage Cells (2010)

Cellular autofluorescence, though ubiquitous when imaging cells and tissues, is often assumed to be small in comparison to the signal of interest. Uniform estimates of autofluorescence intensity obtained from separate control specimens are commonly employed to correct for autofluorescence. While these may be sufficient for high signal-to-background applications, improvements in detector and probe technologies and introduction of spectral imaging microscopes have increased the sensitivity of fluorescence imaging methods, exposing the possibility of effectively probing the low signal-to-background regime. With spectral imaging, reliable monitoring of signals near or even below the noise levels of the microscope is possible if compensation for autofluorescence and background signals can be performed accurately. We demonstrate the importance of accurate autofluorescence modeling and the utility of spectral imaging and multivariate analysis methods using a case study focusing on fluorescence confocal spectral imaging of host-pathogen interactions. In this application fluorescent proteins are produced when Francisella novicida invade host macrophage cells. The resulting analyte signal is spectrally overlapped and typically weaker than the cellular autofluorescence. In addition to discussing the advantages of spectral imaging for following pathogen invasion, we present the spectral properties and cellular origin of macrophage autofluorescence.
Crystal Plane-Dependent Compositional and Structural Evolution of Uniform Cu<sub>2</sub>O Nanocrystals in Aqueous Ammonia Solutions (2011)

The componential and morphological evolution of uniform Cu2O nanocrystals with different shapes in aqueous ammonia solutions has been comprehensively studied by means of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. Cubic, octahedral, and rhombic dodecahedral Cu2O nanocrystals that, respectively, expose Cu2O {100}, {111}, and {110} crystal planes exhibit distinctly different reaction behaviors. The stability of various types of uniform Cu2O nanocrystals in the aqueous ammonia solution follows the order cubic Cu2O nanocrystals > octahedral Cu2O nanocrystals > rhombic dodecahedral Cu2O nanocrystals. The nucleation and growth of Cu(OH)2 and CuO precipitate also depend on the shape of Cu2O nanocrystals. The shape-dependent reaction behaviors of Cu2O nanocrystals were attributed to the type of crystal plane exposed on Cu2O nanocrystals that determines their surface structure and surface reactivity. Our results well exemplify the crystal plane-dependent reactivity of oxide nanocrystals and greatly deepen our fundamental understanding of complex chemical reactions occurring at the liquid–solid interface.
A calmodulin-dependent protein kinase system from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Phosphorylation of a 60,000-dalton protein. (1982)

The calmodulin plus Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of a 60,000-dalton protein was detectable in muscle homogenates and in purified sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. Phosphorylation was enhanced when purified sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were extracted with 1 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid at pH 8.0 to remove endogenous calmodulin and lower the level of residual phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of the 60,000-dalton protein was stimulated by NaF, reached maximal levels of about 55 pmol/mg of protein within 90 s and was not affected by cAMP. Half-maximal stimulation of phosphorylation required 0.1 microM calmodulin and maximal phosphorylation required 0.6 microM calmodulin; in the presence of 0.6 microM calmodulin, maximal phosphorylation required 0.3 microM Ca2+. Calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of the 60,000-dalton protein was inhibited by trifluoperazine with a Ki of 5 microM. The pH optimum of phosphorylation was below 6.0 and was inhibited over 90% at pH 8.0. The purified 60,000-dalton protein contained phosphoserine and phosphothreonine but no phosphotyrosine. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation showed that the 60,000-dalton phosphoprotein was not calsequestrin. Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases H and D digestion failed to alter its molecular weight, indicating that it was not a glycoprotein. A functional role for the phosphorylation system is suggested by the observations that ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid extraction, which removes endogenous calmodulin and lowers endogenous phosphorylation levels, and high pH, which inhibits phosphorylation, lead to greatly diminished Ca2+ accumulation by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.
Numerical Analysis of the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Winglets. (1998)

The objective of this paper is to show numerically the aerodynamic effectiveness of winglets on the performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine(HAWT). The winglets used in this study are an inclined extension of the rotor blade. For the numerical analysis, a vortex lattice method with a free wake model was used, as the method can be applied to arbitrary blade shapes and the model needs no parameter based on empirical data about the wake geometry. Calculations were performed on the flow field of the rotor wake and the rotor performance, and results were compared between rotors with and without winglets. To examine the effects on the strength of blades, the flatwise bending moment was also calculated. A small installation angle of winglets causes a large increase in the power coefficient but a small increase in the flatwise bending moment compared with the blades with radially extended winglets.
Long‐term follow‐up of noninvasive bladder tumours(stage Ta): recurrence and progression (2000)

Concomitant dysplasia and early recurrence are associated with considerable risk of progression in the long-term follow-up in a group of otherwise low-risk superficial bladder tumours (stage Ta).
Adaptive WTA With an Analog VLSI Neuromorphic Learning Chip (2007)

In this paper, we demonstrate how a particular spike-based learning rule (where exact temporal relations between input and output spikes of a spiking model neuron determine the changes of the synaptic weights) can be tuned to express rate-based classical Hebbian learning behavior (where the average input and output spike rates are sufficient to describe the synaptic changes). This shift in behavior is controlled by the input statistic and by a single time constant. The learning rule has been implemented in a neuromorphic very large scale integration (VLSI) chip as part of a neurally inspired spike signal image processing system. The latter is the result of the European Union research project Convolution AER Vision Architecture for Real-Time (CAVIAR). Since it is implemented as a spike-based learning rule (which is most convenient in the overall spike-based system), even if it is tuned to show rate behavior, no explicit long-term average signals are computed on the chip. We show the rule's rate-based Hebbian learning ability in a classification task in both simulation and chip experiment, first with artificial stimuli and then with sensor input from the CAVIAR system.