gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dedifferentiation Precedes Invasion in the Progression from Barrett's Metaplasia to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (2005)

Histologic progression from Barrett's epithelium to cancer is associated with a gradient of increasing changes in gene expression characterized by an early loss of gene function governing differentiation that begins before histologic change; gain in function of genes related to remodeling and invasiveness follows later. This correlation of histologic progression with increasing changes in gene expression suggests that gene expression changes in biopsies taken from Barrett's epithelium potentially could serve as a marker for neoplastic progression that could be used to predict risk for developing cancer.
Active control in combustion systems (1995)

Over the past decade, active control has been investigated in combustion systems as a means of preventing thermoacoustic instabilities from degrading the system performance. More recently, attempts to control instability and emissions as well as to satisfy other performance criteria have also been pursued. In this article, the authors review control problems in continuous combustion processes, the need for active control, and current status of the field. Despite the success reported in experimental investigations, a systematic procedure by which active control can be designed and implemented is currently not available. In particular, a theoretical framework which includes an investigation of the resonant nature of the thermoacoustic instability, an understanding of the significance of the mixing of modes and the dynamic impact of acoustic drivers, and the incorporation of the subtle coupling among the different physical processes of heat, mass, and momentum addition, as well as acoustics, turbulence, and chemistry, has not been developed. As an example of what can be accomplished using such a theoretically based approach, in this article the authors also review the results of their efforts expended thus far in the area of active control of a premixed combustor. The authors discuss the highlights of a feedback model proposed in Annaswamy et al. (1995) which captures the dominant dynamic features of the combustor. The authors demonstrate that their model captures the effects of several interacting modes, the mean-flow and mean-heat release in the combustor, and the locations of the actuator-sensor pair, and provides guidelines for an active control design. The authors suggest a systematic procedure for designing an active controller that provides an appropriate compensating action and results in improved performance.
Modification of Semi-metal Oxide and Metal Oxide Powders by Atomic Layer Deposition of Thin Films (2007)

degree at The University of Maine, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for “fair use ” copying this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Librarian. It is understood that any copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Signature:
Improving the Robustness of Deep Neural Networks via Stability Training (2016)

In this paper we address the issue of output instability of deep neural networks: small perturbations in the visual input can significantly distort the feature embeddings and output of a neural network. Such instability affects many deep architectures with state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of computer vision tasks. We present a general stability training method to stabilize deep networks against small input distortions that result from various types of common image processing, such as compression, rescaling, and cropping. We validate our method by stabilizing the state of-the-art Inception architecture [11] against these types of distortions. In addition, we demonstrate that our stabilized model gives robust state-of-the-art performance on largescale near-duplicate detection, similar-image ranking, and classification on noisy datasets.
Dealing with Community Data: A Report on the CSCW 2000 Workshop (2000)

A summary of the CSCW 2000 Workshop on “Dealing with Community Data,” covering data collection, data analysis, community visualization, and the standardized data initiative.
PredictProtein—an open resource for online prediction of protein structural and functional features (2014)

PredictProtein is a meta-service for sequence analysis that has been predicting structural and functional features of proteins since 1992. Queried with a protein sequence it returns: multiple sequence alignments, predicted aspects of structure (secondary structure, solvent accessibility, transmembrane helices (TMSEG) and strands, coiled-coil regions, disulfide bonds and disordered regions) and function. The service incorporates analysis methods for the identification of functional regions (ConSurf), homology-based inference of Gene Ontology terms (metastudent), comprehensive subcellular localization prediction (LocTree3), protein-protein binding sites (ISIS2), protein-polynucleotide binding sites (SomeNA) and predictions of the effect of point mutations (non-synonymous SNPs) on protein function (SNAP2). Our goal has always been to develop a system optimized to meet the demands of experimentalists not highly experienced in bioinformatics. To this end, the PredictProtein results are presented as both text and a series of intuitive, interactive and visually appealing figures. The web server and sources are available at http://ppopen.rostlab.org.
ChemInform Abstract: Dependence of Ionic Conductivity on Composition of Fast Ionic Conductors Li<sub>1+x</sub>Ti<sub>2‐x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7. A Parallel NMR and Electric Impedance Study. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
INTRAGRAFT EVENTS IN ALLOGRAFT DESTRUCTION (1984)

Etudes sur des greffes experimentales (peau, tumeur, etc). Histologie du rejet d'allogreffe. Analyse cytologique de la lesion inflammatoire. Regulation de l'inflammation. Mecanismes effecteurs in situ
Nitric oxide hyperpolarizes rabbit mesenteric arteries via ATP‐sensitive potassium channels. (1995)

1. Nitric oxide (NO) relaxes vascular smooth muscle (VSM) by mechanisms which are not fully understood. One possibility is that NO hyperpolarizes membranes, thereby diminishing Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. In the current study, the effects of NO on membrane potential of rabbit mesenteric arteries were recorded using intracellular microelectrodes. 2. NO, released by 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, 3 microM), reversibly hyperpolarized arteries by -9.5 +/- 4.0 mV (means +/- S.D., n = 97) from a resting membrane potential of -53.1 +/- 5.7 mV. The hyperpolarization was blocked by oxyhaemoglobin (20 microM), and only occurred in arteries pre-treated with N omega-nitro-L-arginine (100 microM) or denuded of endothelium. 3. The effect of SIN-1 was concentration dependent (EC50 approximately 0.4 microM) and its dose response was shifted to the left by zaprinast (100 microM), an inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases. 4. The hyperpolarization due to SIN-1 was modified by changes in extracellular K+ concentration, but not by changes in Ca2+, Na+ or Cl-. The hyperpolarization was blocked by glibenclamide (IC50 approximately 0.15 microM), but not by apamin (3-300 nM), barium (5-150 microM), tetraethylammonium (0.1-10 mM), or 4-aminopyridine (5-500 microM). The hyperpolarization due to lemakalim (0.03-3 microM), an activator of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), displayed the same sensitivities to these K+ channel blocking agents, whereas the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, triggered by the addition of acetylcholine (3 microM), caused a hyperpolarization (-15.3 +/- 6.2 mV) that was blocked by apamin, but not by any other agent. 5. These results suggest that NO hyperpolarizes VSM in rabbit mesenteric arteries by activating KATP channels, with the accumulation of cGMP as an intermediate step.
Effects of Amperozide and Azaperone on Aggression and Productivity of Growing-Finishing Pigs (1988)

Levels of aggression, activity and performance were determined in 270 pigs (initial wt 29.8 kg) injected with amperozide (1.0 mg/kg i.m.), azaperone (2.2 mg/kg i.m.) or saline (.1 ml/kg i.m.) immediately prior to mixing. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed in pens of 15, and six pens were allotted to each treatment. Each pen was video-taped for 48 h after injection. Aggression was determined by continuous observation and summarized for each 2-h period. Injuries on the ears and shoulders of each pig were scored prior to injection and 1, 2, 3 and 7 d after treatment. Eating, drinking and lying were determined by scan sampling at 2-min intervals and summarized for each 2-h period. Weight gain, feed consumption and efficiency were determined for periods ending on d 3, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84. Both drugs reduced total fighting from 309.8 min for saline to 190.7 and 189.6 min for amperozide- and azaperone-treated pens, respectively (P less than .01). Treatment differences in aggression and lying were evident during the initial 6 h only. Amperozide resulted in fewer fights involving two pigs (197.3/pen) than did azaperone (260.2/pen) or saline (298.3/pen) (P less than .05). Injuries to the ears (P less than .01) and total injuries (P less than .05) were less severe in amperozide-treated pigs than in pigs on the other treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Particle image velocimetry: direct pulsed image recording on a bistable optically addressed spatial light modulator for real-time fluid flow mapping (1995)

We describe direct pulsed image recording onto a bistable optically addressed spatial light modulator in particle image velocimetry (PIV). By coupling this technique with the parallel optical spatial autocorrelator for PIV data processing, one can obtain a fluid flow map within seconds without the necessity for off-line processing. The feasibility of recording a double-pulsed particle image is explored and demonstrated experimentally.
The Chemistry of Form (2000)

The emergence of complex form in living and nonliving systems remains a deep question for scientists attempting to understand the origins and development of shape and structure. In recent years, biologists and physicists have made significant advances in explaining fundamental problems in fields such as morphogenesis and pattern formation. Chemists, on the other hand, are only just beginning to contemplate the possibility of preparing manmade materials with lifelike form. This review traces a route to the direct synthesis of inorganic structures with biomimetic form, beginning from an understanding of crystal morphology and biomineralization. The equilibrium form of crystals can be modified by surface-active additives but only within limits dictated by the symmetry of the unit cell. In contrast, biological minerals, such as shells, bones, and teeth, are distinguished by a complexity of form that bears little resemblance to the underlying order of their inorganic crystals. By understanding the constructional processes that give rise to the inorganic structures of life it should be possible to develop a chemistry of form in the laboratory. For example, complex small-scale inorganic architectures are produced at room temperature by undertaking precipitation reactions in self-assembled organic media, such as surfactant micelles, block copolymer aggregates and microemulsion droplets. Unusual inorganic forms emerge when these reaction fields are subjected to instability thresholds and synthesis and self-assembly can be coupled to produce materials with higher-order organization. Like their biological counterparts, these hard inorganic structures represent new forms of organized matter which originate from soft chemistry.
Near-Band-Edge Photoluminescence from Pseudomorphic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi>/</mml:mi><mml:mi>Si</mml:mi></mml:math>Quantum Well Structures (1996)

Band edge related photoluminescence (PL) is observed from ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{C}}_{y}/\mathrm{Si}$ multilayer structures at low temperature. High quality samples were grown pseudomorphically on Si substrates by solid source molecular beam epitaxy. A bound exciton no-phonon line and its Si-Si TO phonon replica are observed at energies which decrease linearly with increasing C content. In 52 \AA{} thick S${\mathrm{i}}_{0.984}$${\mathrm{C}}_{0.016}$ alloy layers the PL redshift is about 100 meV, compared to pure Si. The PL shifts to higher energy for decreasing ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{C}}_{y}$ layer width due to the quantum confinement of carriers. The decrease in PL energy observed for decreasing Si barrier layer width implies that neither electrons nor holes are localized in the Si layers.
Biosynthesis of coronatine: investigations of the biosynthesis of coronamic acid (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of coronatine: investigations of the biosynthesis of coronamic acidRonald J. Parry, Ming Teh Lin, Alan E. Walker, and Sunil MhaskarCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5, 1849–1850Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00005a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00005a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DEGRADATION OF METHOMYL IN CHLORINATED WATER (1990)

Methomyl degrades rapidly in chlorinated water and the rate increases with decreasing pH, increasing temperature and increasing chlorine concentrations. Reaction rate with free chlorine is 1,000-fold faster than with chloramine. Methomyl forms methomyl sulfoxide and N-chloromethomyl before degrading to acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid and dichloromethylamine.
Structure and function of the N-linked carbohydrate chains of pig zona pellucida glycoproteins. (1996)

The N-linked carbohydrate chain of the PZP3 glycoprotein family of pig zona pellucida is shown by competition assay to possess sperm receptor activity. Structural analysis reveals that the N-linked chains comprise neutral and acidic complex-type chains. The tri- or tetra-antennary fraction in the neutral chains possesses the sperm receptor activity, but the activity is markedly reduced compared with that of PZP3, suggesting that the protein moiety participates in the maintenance of proper orientation of the active chain. Two components in the PZP3 family can be separated by reverse-phase HPLC after endo-beta-galactosidase (E beta G) digestion and one of the digests, E beta G-PZP3 alpha, possesses the sperm receptor activity. E beta G-PZP3 alpha deprived of O-linked chains by treatment with alkali retains the activity comparable with E beta G-PZP3 alpha, while E beta G-PZP3 alpha deprived of N-linked chains by N-glycanase digestion loses the activity. Furthermore, competition assay of the digests of E beta G-PZP3 alpha with lysyl-endopeptidase indicates that the active chain is linked to Asn67 or Asn84 of PZP3 alpha or to both residues. We conclude that sperm-egg binding in pigs is mainly mediated by tri- or tetra-antennary, neutral, complex-type N-linked carbohydrate chain(s) localized in the N-terminal region of PZP3 alpha protein.
Prototype measurement of active reflectarray antenna using a diode grid in the W-band (2016)

This paper reports the antenna measurement results of a new active reflectarray antenna using a diode grid in the W-band. The reflectarray antenna consists mainly of a diode grid, which forms and steers the beam by controlling the bias applied to the diodes. The prototype antenna measurement confirmed that the proposed reflectarray with the diode grid shapes the beam by switching the diodes state as designed. This result implies that the antenna concept of diode state switching may be able to control the antenna beam pattern and the orientation electronically.
William Osler: A Life in Medicine (2000)

Journal Article William Osler: A life in Medicine. By Michael Bliss. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. xiv, 581 pp. $35.00, ISBN 0-19-512346-8.) Get access John S. Haller, Jr. John S. Haller, Jr. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 87, Issue 3, December 2000, Pages 1060–1061, https://doi.org/10.2307/2675359 Published: 01 December 2000
Precise Analysis of Trihalomethanes (1979)

The liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) technique yields precise and accurate analysis of trihalomethanes in drinking water. The use of glass capillary gas chromatography affords quality assurance and versatility as well as speed: a chemist can analyze eight samples per hour on one gas chromatograph.
EFFECTS OF BENZYLAMINOPURINE, 6-(δ, δ-DIMETHYLALLYAMINO)-PURINE AND THIDIAZURON ON SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS OF NICOTIANA SPECIES (2003)

Abstract Regenerability is an essential trait for plant varieties developed for the production of plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs). As part of the effort to develop optimal plant varieties for PMP production, two experiments were conducted in this study to determine and/or improve the shoot organogenic potential of Nicotiana species with important traits for PMP-oriented breeding. Effects of benzylaminopurine (BA) and 6-(δ,δ-Dimethylallyamino)-purine (2iP) on shoot organogenic potential of 46 Nicotiana accessions, representing 15 species, were examined in the first experiment. BA was found to be more effective than 2iP in enhancing shoot organogenesis for 23 Nicotiana accessions from 10 species, while 2iP was more effective than BA for only four accessions, including two from N. paniculata , one from N. obtusifolia and one from N. rustica . Effects of varying concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on shoot organogenic potential of 12 poorly responsive Nicotiana accessions from 10 species were examined in a second experiment. TDZ was found to enhance shoot organogenic potential of two N. rustica accessions in an IAA-dependent fashion. These results suggested that BA is an effective cytokinin for shoot organogenesis of a broad range of Nicotiana species, and 2iP and TDZ may be effective for only certain species.
Uncoupling reproduction from metabolism extends chronological lifespan in yeast (2014)

Studies of replicative and chronological lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have advanced understanding of longevity in all eukaryotes. Chronological lifespan in this species is defined as the age-dependent viability of nondividing cells. To date this parameter has only been estimated under calorie restriction, mimicked by starvation. Because postmitotic cells in higher eukaryotes often do not starve, we developed a model yeast system to study cells as they age in the absence of calorie restriction. Yeast cells were encapsulated in a matrix consisting of calcium alginate to form ∼3 mm beads that were packed into bioreactors and fed ad libitum. Under these conditions cells ceased to divide, became heat shock and zymolyase resistant, yet retained high fermentative capacity. Over the course of 17 d, immobilized yeast cells maintained >95% viability, whereas the viability of starving, freely suspended (planktonic) cells decreased to <10%. Immobilized cells exhibited a stable pattern of gene expression that differed markedly from growing or starving planktonic cells, highly expressing genes in glycolysis, cell wall remodeling, and stress resistance, but decreasing transcription of genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and genes that regulate the cell cycle, including master cyclins CDC28 and CLN1. Stress resistance transcription factor MSN4 and its upstream effector RIM15 are conspicuously up-regulated in the immobilized state, and an immobilized rim15 knockout strain fails to exhibit the long-lived, growth-arrested phenotype, suggesting that altered regulation of the Rim15-mediated nutrient-sensing pathway plays an important role in extending yeast chronological lifespan under calorie-unrestricted conditions.
Effectiveness of two different dose administration regimens of an IL-15 superagonist complex (ALT-803) in an orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model (2019)

Subcutaneous ALT-803 treatment alone or in combination with intravesical BCG was well tolerated and was not inferior to intravesical BCG alone. CD8<sup>+</sup> T, NKG2D<sup>+</sup> NK and CD3<sup>+</sup>/NKG2D<sup>+</sup> NKT cell induction along with induction of key cytokines remain steadfast mechanisms behind ALT-803. The enhanced therapeutic index seen with BCG and ALT-803, administered SQ or intravesically, provides a powerful justification for the further development of these regimens.
Combined Bcl-2/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibition Leads to Enhanced Radiosensitization via Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Non–Small Cell Lung Tumor Xenograft Model (2009)

These results suggest that concurrent induction of apoptosis and autophagy enhances radiation therapy both in vitro and in lung cancer xenograft models. Further investigations are warranted to assess the clinical potential of such strategy in lung cancer patients.
Application of the SPE Method to Organic Electrochemistry. IX. Reaction Profiles of an Iron Redox Couple Incorporated into Pt–Nafion with Ascorbic Acid (1988)

Abstract Fe3+ has been incorporated into Pt–Nafion. The behavior of Fe3+ as a mediator was examined in detail in a system comprising the oxidation of l-ascorbic acid (AA) to dehydroascorbic acid (AD). The diffusion of AA in Nafion is slower than that of Fe3+. The concentration profiles of Fe3+ and AA in Pt–Nafion have been clarified and a reaction of the mediator with AA took place within a very narrow zone close to the surface. The averaged diffusion coefficients of Fe3+ and AA are 1.5×10−7 cm2 s−1 and 4.7×10−8 cm2 s−1, respectively.