gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Alkylsilylphosphines (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of AlkylsilylphosphinesG. W. Parshall and R. V. Lindsey Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 23, 6273–6275Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01532a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01532a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views655Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of surface recombination of excess carriers by use of the double modulation technique (1994)

The well characterized (100)-Si surface subjected to low energy ion irradiation is used to demonstrate the capability of the contactless measurement of the surface recombination velocity of excess carriers by applying the photothermal response technique under high vacuum conditions. During and after the processing the photothermal response is recorded in the frequency domain. From the wide range frequency sweep surface recombination velocities between 1 m/s up to 1000 m/s can be extracted.
Electrostatic surface modifications to improve gene delivery (2010)

The versatile and powerful approach of electrostatic coatings and multilayers will lead to the development of enhanced gene therapies.
Review of multiphoton absorption in crystalline solids (1985)

An extensive review of theoretical and experimental investigations conducted over the last two decades since the advent of the laser and relating to the simultaneous absorption of one or more photons by the valence electrons of a crystalline solid is given. The following topics are addressed, with greatest emphasis on the most recent results: the pioneering models of Braunstein and Ockman and that of Basov for two-photon absorption in direct-gap crystals, based on second-order time-dependent perturbation theory and parabolic and isotropic energy bands; extensions and modifications of the above models by various authors to take into account the effects of excitons, crystal anisotropy, laser polarization, and nonparabolicity as well as degeneracy of the electronic energy bands; rigorous band-structure calculations that employ realistic energy bands and momentum matrix elements that include many intermediate states to obtain good convergence in the perturbation calculation; the semiclassical theory of Keldysh that takes into account electric-field effects on the electronic energies and wave functions and that employs first-order perturbation theory to obtain multiphoton transitions of all orders; the fully quantized treatment of the multiphoton absorption (MPA) process along the above lines by Kovarskii and Perlin; the Volkov approximation method of Jones and Reiss; descriptions of the various experimental techniques that are usually employed to study nonlinear phenomena in solids; critical comparison between different theoretical predictions and experimental data; and finally, theoretical and experimental work relating to phonon-assisted two-photon transitions, three-photon absorption, four-photon absorption, and higher-order MPA processes in crystalline solids.
Synthesis using sequential functional modules (SFMs) (1996)

This paper presents a new method used in our RTL-synthesis tool to perform technology mapping with Sequential Functional Modules (SFMs) such as counters, accumulators, shift-registers, or rotators from any target or macro library. If the library contains SFMs, the method automatically recognizes them. If an RTL design contains patterns that can be implemented on SFMs, the method maps them to the SFMs found in the target library. This mapping reduces the design time by leveraging the library developer' s effort, leads to more regular and often smaller and faster designs, and helps to reduce timing and routing problems at later stages of the design process.
The range of molecular methods for typing Malassezia (2009)

In the near future, molecular typing will be a powerful tool in epidemiological studies that could be employed for the elucidation of the pathobiology of Malassezia species in associated skin diseases
Orbital angular momentum 25 years on [Invited] (2017)

Twenty-five years ago Allen, Beijersbergen, Spreeuw, and Woerdman published their seminal paper establishing that light beams with helical phase-fronts carried an orbital angular momentum. Previously orbital angular momentum had been associated only with high-order atomic/molecular transitions and hence considered to be a rare occurrence. The realization that every photon in a laser beam could carry an orbital angular momentum that was in excess of the angular momentum associated with photon spin has led both to new understandings of optical effects and various applications. These applications range from optical manipulation, imaging and quantum optics, to optical communications. This brief review will examine some of the research in the field to date and consider what future directions might hold.
Mining Higher-Order Association Rules from Distributed Named Entity Databases (2007)

The burgeoning amount of textual data in distributed sources combined with the obstacles involved in creating and maintaining central repositories motivates the need for effective distributed information extraction and mining techniques. Recently, as the need to mine patterns across distributed databases has grown, Distributed Association Rule Mining (D-ARM) algorithms have been developed. These algorithms, however, assume that the databases are either horizontally or vertically distributed. In the special case of databases populated from information extracted from textual data, existing D-ARM algorithms cannot discover rules based on higher-order associations between items in distributed textual documents that are neither vertically nor horizontally distributed, but rather a hybrid of the two. In this article we present D-HOTM, a framework for Distributed Higher Order Text Mining. Unlike existing algorithms, D-HOTM requires neither full knowledge of the global schema nor that the distribution of data be horizontal or vertical. D-HOTM discovers rules based on higher-order associations between distributed database records containing the extracted entities. In this paper, two approaches to the definition and discovery of higher order itemsets are presented. The implementation of D-HOTM is based on the TMI [20] and tested on a cluster at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). Results on a real-world dataset from the Richmond, VA police department demonstrate the performance and relevance of D-HOTM in law enforcement and homeland defense.
Interaction patches for multi-character animation (2008)

We propose a data-driven approach to automatically generate a scene where tens to hundreds of characters densely interact with each other. During off-line processing, the close interactions between characters are precomputed by expanding a game tree, and these are stored as data structures called interaction patches. Then, during run-time, the system spatio-temporally concatenates the interaction patches to create scenes where a large number of characters closely interact with one another. Using our method, it is possible to automatically or interactively produce animations of crowds interacting with each other in a stylized way. The method can be used for a variety of applications including TV programs, advertisements and movies.
Development of night-vision system (2002)

A night-vision system has been developed to help reduce vehicle-pedestrian accidents occurring at night. High-temperature objects assumed to be pedestrians are detected by processing the images from infrared stereo cameras mounted on the. vehicle, and the possibility of a collision is judged by calculating the position and relative moving vectors of the pedestrian. In addition, voice guidance is provided and a highlighted infrared image of the pedestrian is displayed at the bottom of the front windshield using a head-up display (HUD). It was determined that the system could judge the possibility of collisions with pedestrians on the road or crossing the road.
E-commerce trust metrics and models (2000)

Traditional models of trust between vendors and buyers fall short of requirements for an electronic marketplace, where anonymous transactions cross territorial and legal boundaries as well as traditional value-chain structures. Alternative quantifications of trust may offer better evaluations of transaction risk in this environment. This article introduces a notion of quantifiable trust and then develops models that can use these metrics to verify e-commerce transactions in ways that might be able to satisfy the requirements of mutual trust. The article uses two examples in illustrating these concepts: one for an e-commerce printing enterprise and the other for Internet stock trading.
Measurements of gas preionization for plasma radiation sources (1999)

Azimuthally symmetric ultraviolet (UV) preionization of the outer periphery of a gas puff z pinch, prior to current initiation, may reduce the growth of magnetically driven Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities or other nonuniformities affecting the final implosion stage of the pinch, leading to an improvement in K-shell x-ray yield. We report on measurements of a flashover UV photoionization scheme, capable of ionizing the periphery of argon gas puffs to 1%–10% of the initial gas density. Measurements are made with a two-color, (1064 and 532 nm), high sensitivity (∼10−5λ), Mach–Zehnder type interferometer. Two methods of measuring preionization are investigated. The first uses a single laser wavelength, 1064 nm, to probe a chord of the cylindrical gas puff. The gas density is measured first without preionization and then with the UV flashover discharge. The difference in phase shift determines the free electron density. The second technique uses both wavelengths to simultaneously probe the same line of sight, determining neutral and free electron densities using only one gas puff event. Gas preionization may introduce refractive species that complicate the conversion of phase shift to density. However, single-color interferometry with the IR and green beams indicates that it is sufficient to consider only two species, neural argon and free electrons for times of interest.
Trapping of an intermediate in the reaction catalyzed by 5-oxoprolinase. (1986)

Bacterial 5-oxoprolinase is composed of two protein components: Component A, which catalyzes 5-oxoproline-dependent ATP-hydrolysis and Component B, which couples the hydrolysis of ATP with the decyclization of 5-oxoproline to form glutamate (Seddon, A. P., Li, L., and Meister, A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 8091-8094). Studies on this unusual enzyme system have led to evidence that an intermediate is formed by Component A. Application of the isotope-trapping method demonstrated an activated 5-oxoproline intermediate, whose formation requires ATP, Mg2+, and Component A. The amount of ATP-dependent trapping was close to the number of enzyme active sites. The intermediate formed by Component A was shown to be reducible by potassium borohydride to proline in low yield; when Component B was added, the formation of proline was abolished. Treatment of reaction mixtures containing Component A, 5-oxoproline, and [gamma-32P] ATP with diazomethane led to appearance of a 32P-labeled compound (found on thin layer chromatography), whose formation was significantly reduced when Component B was present. The new compound, which is labile, breaks down to form dimethyl[32P]phosphate. The total amount of dimethyl[32P]phosphate formed after breakdown is close to the number of active sites of Component A. The data are consistent with the conclusion that a phosphorylated form of 5-oxoproline is formed by Component A and suggest that Component B is required for conversion of this intermediate to glutamate.
FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF COEFFICIENT DECIMATED POLYPHASE FILTER BANK STRUCTURE FOR MULTISTANDARD COMMUNICATION RECEIVER (2014)

Coefficient decimated polyphase FIR filter bank structure implemented for receiving narrow band channels effectively in multistandard environment. Reonfigurability in multirate filtering is required to design a prototype filter bank structure for selecting the distinct polyphase sub filters and taps for different stand- ards. Coefficient decimation (CD) based filter bank can offer a good trade-off between reconfigurability and low complexity which satisfy most of the requirements for SDR receivers. This paper proposed a method of filter bank technique which reduces the overall complexity of the design. The proposed filter structure has been synthesized on 0.18µm CMOS technology single core Field programmable gate array. Synthesis report proved the reduced device utilization for the proposed structure.
A Simple Approach for Dynamic Junction Temperature Estimation of IGBTs on PWM Operating Conditions (2007)

Power modules including IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) are widely used in motor drivers. For the design optimization of the IGBT modules fitted with motor driving conditions, the IGBT junction temperature and the cooling conditions has become a major issue with the increase of the current density and the demand for downsized modules. Especially, estimation of "worst-case" junction temperature caused by a motor locked condition is necessary prior to the module design. In this paper, we propose a simple approach for dynamic junction temperature behavior of IGBTs PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) inverter modules. The dynamic electrothermal calculations are performed using familiar spreadsheet software. In this approach, the mathematical models of the temperature dependencies of the device losses and quasi-one- dimensional difference equations of thermal conduction were used to estimate the junction temperature of the module. To narrow down many device and module parameters in the initial stage of thermal design of the inverter modules, this proposed approach will be an effective tool.
J3DV: A Java‐based 3D database visualization tool (2002)

Abstract Database visualization helps users process, interpret and act upon large stored data sets. In this paper, we present a Java‐based 3D database visualization tool called J3DV. The J3DV tool successfully solved the problem of data management faced by many other visualization systems by integrating multiple data sources with the visualization tool. The tool utilizes two‐level mapping to transform the data into intermediate data that can be used to render graphs. Intermediate data offers better performance with a two‐tier cache. This visualization tool presents a sound framework, which has good extensibility for plugging in new data sources, supporting new data models and visual presentation types and allowing new graph layout algorithms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CommitmentBank: Investigating projection in naturally occurring discourse (2019)

This paper describes a new resource, the CommitmentBank, developed for the empirical investigation of the projection of finite clausal complements. A clausal complement is said to project when its content is understood as a commitment of the speaker even though the clause occurs under the scope of an entailment canceling operator such as negation or a question. The study of projection is therefore part of the study of commitments expressed by speakers to non-asserted sentence content. The content of clausal complements has been a central case for the study of projection, as there is a long-standing claim that clause-taking predicates fall into two classes—factives and nonfactives—distinguished on the basis of whether the contents of their complements project. This claim identifies the embedding predicate as the primary determinant of the projection behavior of these contents. The CommitmentBank is a corpus of naturally occurring discourses whose final sentence contains a clause-embedding predicate under an entailment canceling operator. In this paper, we describe the CommitmentBank and present initial results of analyses designed to evaluate the factive/nonfactive distinction and to investigate additional factors which affect the projectivity of clausal complements.
Noise Reduction Using Compensation Capacitance for Bend Discontinuities of Differential Transmission Lines (2006)

Differential signaling has become a popular choice for multigigabit digital applications in favor of its low-noise generation and high common-mode noise immunity. Recalling from the full-wave solution of S-parameters, this paper presented a design methodology of analysis scheme to extract the equivalent circuits of discontinuities observed on the strongly coupled differential lines. Signal integrity effects of the bent differential transmission lines in a high-speed digital circuit were then simulated in the time domain. A dual back-to-back routing topology of bent differential lines to reduce the common-mode noise was further investigated. To alleviate the common-mode noise at the receiver, a novel compensation scheme in use of the shunt capacitance was also proposed. Furthermore, the comparison between the simulation and measured results validated the equivalent circuit model, coupled bends with compensation capacitance patch, and analysis approach
CancerDetector: ultrasensitive and non-invasive cancer detection at the resolution of individual reads using cell-free DNA methylation sequencing data (2018)

The detection of tumor-derived cell-free DNA in plasma is one of the most promising directions in cancer diagnosis. The major challenge in such an approach is how to identify the tiny amount of tumor DNAs out of total cell-free DNAs in blood. Here we propose an ultrasensitive cancer detection method, termed 'CancerDetector', using the DNA methylation profiles of cell-free DNAs. The key of our method is to probabilistically model the joint methylation states of multiple adjacent CpG sites on an individual sequencing read, in order to exploit the pervasive nature of DNA methylation for signal amplification. Therefore, CancerDetector can sensitively identify a trace amount of tumor cfDNAs in plasma, at the level of individual reads. We evaluated CancerDetector on the simulated data, and showed a high concordance of the predicted and true tumor fraction. Testing CancerDetector on real plasma data demonstrated its high sensitivity and specificity in detecting tumor cfDNAs. In addition, the predicted tumor fraction showed great consistency with tumor size and survival outcome. Note that all of those testing were performed on sequencing data at low to medium coverage (1× to 10×). Therefore, CancerDetector holds the great potential to detect cancer early and cost-effectively.
Multiple-symbol differential detection of MPSK (1990)

A differential detection technique for MPSK (multiple-phase shift keying), which uses a multiple-symbol observation interval, is presented, and its performance is analyzed and simulated. The technique makes use of maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of the transmitted phases rather than symbol-by-symbol detection as in the conventional differential detection. Thus, the performance of this multiple-symbol detection scheme fills the gap between conventional (two-symbol observation) differentially coherent detection of MPSK and ideal coherent of MPSK with differential encoding. The amount of improvement gained over conventional differential detection depends on the number of phases M and the number of additional symbol intervals added to the observation. What is particularly interesting is that substantial performance improvement can be obtained for only one or two additional symbol intervals of observation. The analysis and simulation results presented are for uncoded MPSK.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Butane Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride:  Kinetic Modeling and Byproducts (2003)

Reactor technology for maleic anhydride continues its evolution. New processes achieve higher yields with lower investment by operating in a net reducing environment where the oxygen concentration is lower than that required stoichiometrically to react all of the butane. In this paper, we examined a wide range of operating conditions to quantify the effect of a reducing environment on maleic anhydride selectivity, byproduct acid productivity, and reaction rates. The experiments were carried out with a vanadium phosphorus oxide catalyst in a fluidized-bed reactor and a novel feed gas manifold. Oxygen, carbon monoxide, butane, and acid concentrations were measured online at a frequency of about 1 Hz. Acetic and acrylic acids were the predominant byproduct acids, but fumaric, methacrylic, and phthalic acids were also detected. Under reducing conditions, carbon adsorbed on the catalyst surface, byproduct acid yields increased, and both the selectivity and reaction rates decreased. A redox kinetic model was developed to account for the experimental observations and included both V5+ and V4+ oxidation states and a “VC4” complex, which represented carbon adsorption.
Metabolomics-based methods for early disease diagnostics (2008)

The emerging field of metabolomics, in which a large number of small-molecule metabolites from body fluids or tissues are detected quantitatively in a single step, promises immense potential for early diagnosis, therapy monitoring and for understanding the pathogenesis of many diseases. Metabolomics methods are mostly focused on the information-rich analytical techniques of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). Analysis of the data from these high-resolution methods using advanced chemometric approaches provides a powerful platform for translational and clinical research and diagnostic applications. In this review, the current trends and recent advances in NMR- and MS-based metabolomics are described with a focus on the development of advanced NMR and MS methods, improved multivariate statistical data analysis and recent applications in the area of cancer, diabetes, inborn errors of metabolism and cardiovascular diseases.
Comparison of region‐of‐interest analysis with three different histogram analysis methods in the determination of perfusion metrics in patients with brain gliomas (2007)

Histogram analysis of perfusion MR provides prediction of glioma grade, with peritumoral metrics outperforming tumoral and total tumoral metrics. Further refinement may lead to automated methods for perfusion data analysis.