gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stream-dashboard (2012)

Clustering data streams is a challenging problem that has received significant attention in the recent decade. In this paper, we address the hitherto inadequately addressed challenge of managing the output of stream clustering. This task comprises the continuous cluster model validation, monitoring, trend and change detection, and summarization of the cluster mining output. For this purpose, we propose a complete framework to mine, track and validate the clusters in a data stream. The proposed framework keeps track of each discovered cluster model of the stream through time, while quantifying, modeling and summarizing the cluster evolution trends, and storing a summary of the cluster models and the evolution trends only at milestones corresponding to the occurrence of significant changes. Our experiments demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed framework in tracking cluster evolution over time, while generating a concise summary of the evolution trends over the lifetime of the stream.
Fusion of Cohort-Word and Speech Background Model Based Confidence Scores for Improved Keyword Confidence Scoring and Verification (2005)

Abstract: This paper presents results for Keyword Verification (KV) experiments using Cohort-Word Verification (CWV) and neural-network fusion of CWV and Speech Background Model based Verification (SBMV). Baseline experiments found that CWV excelled in short-word KV while SBMV was more robust for long-word KV. Fusion of CWV and SBMV yielded dramatic improvements in both short-to-medium length KV using the fusion of two CWV systems, and medium-to-long length KV using fusion of SBMV and CWV. Overall, through target word phone length dependent fusion of verifiers, it was possible to at least halve the false rejection rate of the baseline SBMV verifier for
Cultural Incorporation: Religious Conversion in the Old French 'chanson de geste' (2008)

'The stories used as a basis for this article are taken from several chansons de geste from the Cycle of Charlemagne, a group of epic poems which contains many stories of conflict between Christian and non-Christian peoples, and which consequently abounds in stories of conversion and baptism of conquered people. As the singers of the chansons were dependent on their audiences for their livelihood, it was advantageous to them not to alienate their audiences. Therefore the attitudes they expressed towards conversion of non-Christians could be assumed to be common to both poets and audiences of the era. In these poems, the bulk of baptisms are forced on massed populations or individuals, and these and more detailed descriptions of change of religion highlight the social and cultural nature of the event. The French identify their society with the religion it espouses, so that people are influenced to change their religion by the qualities they perceive in that society, and they succumb to offers of riches, land, powerful alliances, and belonging to what is portrayed as a more powerful and materially and morally superior society. This paper will examine these aspects of change of religion.
Psychological Analysis of Li JiaQi's Live-Streaming Consumers During the Spring Festival under the Epidemic (2021)

The current pandemic has largely changed the world across all sectors of the society. In this paper, we shall specifically look into the effect Covid-19 has had on Chinese social and commercial sector over the time of its existence. Things that normally occurred physically, have taken a toll and nowadays occur virtually thanks to the presence of web connections and streaming platforms. Precisely, our focus in this case is on the Chinese spring festivals and the impact coronavirus has had on the attendance and normal activities. Firstly, physical meetings to celebrate the festivals were entirely done away with by the Chinese government meaning people had to change and their modes of attendance. With this, the festivals generally took place virtually such that online streaming of events surged. The number of virtual attendees in hand with the demand for streaming services therefore grew tremendously and such developments has a number of implications. For example, revenue earned by the corporations that offer streaming services generally increased and for celebrities that took part in the festivals in terms of performance had their income secured. Therefore, COVID-19 largely affected a number of social activities in China for example shifting to online sales and purchases alters consumer culture but still, there are a number of positive developments
Multi-I/O and reconfigurable RF/wireless interconnect based on near field capacitive coupling and multiple access techniques (2002)

Future ULSI interconnect system demands extremely high data transmission rate, multi-I/O service, reconfigurable and fault-tolerant computing/processing architecture and full compatibility with mainstream silicon CMOS and MCM technologies. In this paper, we present a novel RF/wireless interconnect system that provides a unique solution to those system needs. Unlike the traditional "passive" metal interconnect, the "active" RF/wireless interconnect is based on near-field capacitive coupling, low loss and dispersion-free microwave signal transmission and modern multiple-access algorithms. The proposed RF/wireless interconnect promises ultra-broad bandwidth (up to 100 GHz), simultaneous multi-I/O communications (up to 50/50 I/O sub-channels per shared microwave transmission medium) and reconfigurable network (programmable based on Frequency and/or Code Division Multiple Access). As the first step to prove the feasibility, we have realized a 2/spl times/2 CDMA transceivers based on 0.35 /spl mu/m MOSIS CMOS process, which demonstrates the desired functions of capacitive coupling, guided wave transmission and reconfigurable multiple access.
Steroid sensitivity of thymocyte subpopulations during intrathymic differentiation. Effects of 17 beta-estradiol and dexamethasone on subsets expressing T cell antigen receptor or IL-2 receptor. (1989)

We have studied the effects of the steroid hormones, 17 beta-estradiol and dexamethasone, on the relative proportion of thymocyte expression of CD4 (L3T4), CD8 (Ly-2), TCR and IL-2R, used to identify different stages of thymocyte differentiation. After short-term in vivo steroid treatment, a significant decrease in the number and proportion of the CD4+/CD8+, double positive subpopulation was observed in parallel with a proportional increase in the percentage of the CD4+/CD8- single positive, of the CD4-/CD8-, double negative and, to a lesser extent, of the CD8+/CD4- subsets. Either steroid treatment increased the proportion of cells expressing either the epsilon-chain of the CD3 complex and/or the beta-chain of the TCR (beta-TCR) (TCR+/CD3+) and the 55 kDa protein of the IL-2R (IL-2R+), related to the increase of CD4+ SP thymocytes and of DN cells, respectively. Furthermore, the increased proportion of CD3+ cells could also be partially related to the increase of both the CD4+ and DN subsets. A decrease of the effect on either DN/IL-2R+ cells or CD4+ SP cells was selectively observed after long-term treatments with 17 beta-estradiol or DEX, respectively. It is concluded that after short-term administration, different steroid hormones mediate a similar selective depletion of DP, TCR-/CD3-, IL2R- cells presumably in an intermediate stage of differentiation. However, either steroid effects evolve differently in long-term treatment schedules, resulting in different effects on early (DN/IL2R+) and late (SP/IL2R-) steps of thymocyte differentiation.
Oxidative Damage and Mutation to Mitochondrial DNA and Age‐dependent Decline of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function<sup>a</sup> (1998)

Mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation are gradually uncoupled, and the activities of the respiratory enzymes are concomitantly decreased in various human tissues upon aging. An immediate consequence of such gradual impairment of the respiratory function is the increase in the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals in the mitochondria through the increased electron leak of the electron transport chain. Moreover, the intracellular levels of antioxidants and free radical scavenging enzymes are gradually altered. These two compounding factors lead to an age-dependent increase in the fraction of the ROS and free radical that may escape the defense mechanism and cause oxidative damage to various biomolecules in tissue cells. A growing body of evidence has established that the levels of ROS and oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are significantly increased with age in animal and human tissues. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), although not protected by histones or DNA-binding proteins, is susceptible to oxidative damage by the ever-increasing levels of ROS and free radicals in the mitochondrial matrix. In the past few years, oxidative modification (formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) and large-scale deletion and point mutation of mtDNA have been found to increase exponentially with age in various human tissues. The respiratory enzymes containing the mutant mtDNA-encoded defective protein subunits inevitably exhibit impaired respiratory function and thereby increase electron leak and ROS production, which in turn elevates the oxidative stress and oxidative damage of the mitochondria. This vicious cycle operates in different tissue cells at different rates and thereby leads to the differential accumulation of mutation and oxidative damage to mtDNA in human aging. This may also play some role in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and the age-dependent progression of the clinical course of mitochondrial diseases.
Characterization of Protein Variants and Post-Translational Modifications: ESI-MSn Analyses of Intact Proteins Eluted from Polyacrylamide Gels (2003)

We have developed a strategy to characterize protein isoforms, resulting from single-point mutations and post-translational modifications. This strategy is based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation of protein isoforms, mass spectrometry (MS) and MSn analyses of intact proteins, and tandem MS analyses of proteolytic peptides. We extracted protein isoforms from polyacrylamide gels by passive elution using SDS, followed by nanoscale hydrophilic phase chromatography for SDS removal. We performed electrospray ionization MS analyses of the intact proteins to determine their molecular mass, allowing us to draw hypotheses on the nature of the modification. In the case of labile post-translational modifications, like phosphorylations and glycosylations, we conducted electrospray ionization MSn analyses of the intact proteins to confirm their presence. Finally, after digestion of the proteins in solution, we performed tandem MS analyses of the modified peptides to locate the modifications. Using this strategy, we have determined the molecular mass of 5-10 pmol of a protein up to circa 50 kDa loaded on a gel with a 0.01% mass accuracy. The efficiency of this approach for the characterization of protein variants and post-translational modifications is illustrated with the study of a mixture of kappa-casein isoforms, for which we were able to identify the two major variants and their phosphorylation site and glycosylation motif. We believe that this strategy, which combines two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analyses of gel-eluted intact proteins using a benchtop ion trap mass spectrometer, represents a promising approach in proteomics.
VLSI implementation of invisible digital watermarking algorithms towards the development of a secure JPEG encoder (2004)

The research in digital watermarking is well matured. Several watermarking algorithms have been proposed for image, video, audio and text in the current literature. Digital watermarking is the process that embeds data, called a watermark, into a multimedia object such that the watermark can be detected or extracted later to make an assertion about the object. The number of software implementations of the proposed algorithms is significantly large, whereas a hardware implementations is lacking. Hardware implementation has advantages over software implementation in terms of low power, high performance, and reliability. We have developed a hardware system that can insert both robust and fragile invisible watermarks in the image. The hardware module can be easily incorporated in a JPEG encoder to develop a secure JPEG encoder. The watermark module is implemented using 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. To our knowledge, this is the first watermarking chip implementing both invisible-robust and invisible-fragile watermarks.
In vitro guinea pig leukocyte reactions to Rickettsia rickettsii (1977)

The presence of cell-mediated immunity in Rocky Mountain spotted fever-infected guinea pigs was determined by two in vitro assays: whole blood lymphocyte transformation (LT) and macrophage migration inhibition. Increased LT was detected as early as 1 week in guinea pigs infected with Rickettsia rickettsii and treated with oxytetracycline and was detected by two weeks in infected but untreated guinea pigs. Elevated LT was still detectable at 10 weeks postinfection. Guinea pigs vaccinated with killed rickettsiae failed to develop lymphocyte responsiveness; however, there was a rapid lymphocyte response after challenge with live organisms, suggesting potentiation by the vaccine. Vaccinated guinea pigs that were challenged and then treated with antibiotic failed to develop LT, suggesting that infection is necessary for the observed response. Macrophage migration inhibition was detected in both infected and vaccinated guinea pigs by 1 week after infection, but this response was no longer detected 4 to 5 weeks later. Antibody appeared at 2 to 3 weeks postinfection and was present at low levels through week 10. Antibody-treated rickettsiae were phagocytized and destroyed by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, whereas normal serum-treated rickettsiae replicated and eventually destroyed the phagocytes.
Neutral acylations (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeutral acylationsOrfeo O. Orazi and Renee A. CorralCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 8, 2162–2163Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01036a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01036a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibitors of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A decrease the level of tubulin carboxypeptidase activity associated with microtubules (2003)

The association of tubulin carboxypeptidase with microtubules may be involved in the determination of the tyrosination state of the microtubules, i.e. their proportion of tyrosinated vs. nontyrosinated tubulin. We investigated the role of protein phosphatases in the association of carboxypeptidase with microtubules in COS cells. Okadaic acid and other PP1/PP2A inhibitors, when added to culture medium before isolation of the cytoskeletal fraction, produced near depletion of the carboxypeptidase activity associated with microtubules. Isolation of the native assembled and nonassembled tubulin fractions from cells treated and not treated with okadaic acid, and subsequent in vitro assay of the carboxypeptidase activity, revealed that the enzyme was dissociated from microtubules by okadaic acid treatment and recovered in the soluble fraction. There was no effect by nor-okadaone (an inactive okadaic acid analogue) or inhibitors of PP2B and of tyrosine phosphatases which do not affect PP1/PP2A activity. When tested in an in vitro system, okadaic acid neither dissociated the enzyme from microtubules nor inactivated it. In living cells, prior stabilization of microtubules with taxol prevented the dissociation of carboxypeptidase by okadaic acid indicating that dynamic microtubules are needed for okadaic acid to exert its effect. On the other hand, stabilization of microtubules subsequent to okadaic acid treatment did not reverse the dissociating effect of okadaic acid. These results suggest that dephosphorylation (and presumably also phosphorylation) of the carboxypeptidase or an intermediate compound occurs while it is not associated with microtubules, and that the phosphate content determines whether or not the carboxypeptidase is able to associate with microtubules.
Egress Engineering over BGP Label Unicast in MPLS-based Networks (2021)

Egress Peer Engineering (EPE) is a current technology that is commonly being used to steer egress traffic from an Autonomous System (AS) to external peers via a pre-determined set of links. The steering is generally achieved through a controller that uses Border Gateway Protocol Link-State (BGP-LS) and Segment Routing traffic engineering (SRTE) policies to program the forwarding at the ingress router with a chosen set of MPLS labels that help determine the egress links at the Autonomous System Boundary Routers (ASBRs). An alternate solution is to use BGP Labeled-Unicast (BGP-LU) to distribute the Egress Engineering Labels. We highlight two key limitations in the proposed BGP-LU use-case and provide a solution that mitigates these problem. Our proposed solution is compatible with legacy routers that are currently deployed in production.
Airway proteins involved in bacterial clearance susceptible to cathepsin G proteolysis (2009)

Serine proteases released from neutrophils are central to the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease and are considered to be obvious therapeutic targets. Neutrophil elastase digests key opsonins present in the lung and disrupts phagocytosis, allowing bacteria to persist despite established pulmonary inflammation. We have found that cathepsin G, an abundant serine protease found in human and murine neutrophils, has other roles in the development of suppurative lung diseases. Murine models of endobronchial inflammation indicate that cathepsin G inhibits airway defences and interferes with the host's ability to clear Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the lung with effects distinct from neutrophil elastase. We hypothesise that differences in bacterial killing are due to defects in innate defences created by proteolysis. Protein profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage of infected wild-type and cathepsin G-deficient mice were compared using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry. Four proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage were cleaved by cathepsin G. Serum amyloid P component leaked into the lung during acute infection and was digested by cathepsin G. Its cleavage products had greater binding to lipopolysaccharide and interfered with phagocytosis. These results indicate that cleaved serum amyloid P component acts as an anti-opsonin and interferes with bacterial clearance from the lung.
NeoMutate: an ensemble machine learning framework for the prediction of somatic mutations in cancer (2019)

We show here that integrating multiple tools in an ensemble ML layer optimizes somatic variant detection rates, leading to a potentially improved variant selection framework for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
FIELD EVALUATION OF DEET, REPEL CARE®, AND THREE PLANT-BASED ESSENTIAL OIL REPELLENTS AGAINST MOSQUITOES, BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE), AND LAND LEECHES (ARHYNCHOBDELLIDA: HAEMADIPSIDAE) IN THAILAND (2006)

Diethyl methyl benzamide, or deet, a commercial plant-based repellent (Repel Care), and essential ils from 3 species of plants (finger root rhizomes, guava leaves, and turmeric rhizomes), steam distillated and formulated as insect repellents, were evaluated in the field on human volunteers against hematophagous mosquitoes, black flies, and land leeches in Thailand. Field trials were conducted against wild mosquitoes in Bang Bua Thong District, Nonthaburi Province, and in the Thap Lan National Park Headquarters, Nadee District, Pranchinburi Province; anthroophilic black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) at the Forestry Fire Control Station in Doi Inthanon National Park, Chomthong district, Chiang Mai Province; and land leeches (Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae) in the Khao Yai National Park, Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The 3 experimental plant-based essential oil formulations as well as Repel Care and deet provided complete protection from mosquito landing and biting for up to 9 h (duration of the experiment). Similar results were obtained with the 5 products against black flies, providing 100% protection for 9 h but 96-82% protection after 10 and 11 h posttreatment. The 5 repellent products also provided 100% protection against land leeches for at least 8 h. Thi is the 1st report of repellency of plant-based repellents against black flies and land leeches in Thailand. The identification and availability of inexpensive sources of plant-based oils, i.e., finger root rhizomes, guava leaves, and turmeric rhizomes providing long-lasting repellency against blood-sucking organisms are promising leads into commercial production of relatively safe and effective repellents.
Making Sense of 3D Printing/Additive Layer Manufacturing in Offshore Petroleum Industry: State of the Art (2016)

Three-dimensional printing (3DP)/additive layer manufacturing (ALM) allows the cost-effective and fast fabrication of parts with intricate/complex external and internal structure via the addition of material layer-by-layer in a controlled environment. Hence, 3DP/ALM related technology has a significant potential to mitigate most spare parts related challenges present in the offshore petroleum industry. That is especially the case in offshore petroleum operations in remote locations and harsh environments (e.g. Arctic operations), when parts can be printed on-site upon demand. Digitalized and localized supply chains enable the minimization of delivery lead-times. This is vital when there is a significantly large lead-time involved for spare parts to come from a warehouse or manufacturer. Putting multiple parts together into one minimizes future inspection and maintenance challenges, where, without 3DP/ALM, it is too expensive or impossible to produce with the existing conventional manufacturing approaches. Mass customization and 3D visualization allow industry leaders, engineers and technicians to gain a better understanding of the equipment operation. This manuscript provides a comprehensive investigation of the potential to use 3DP/ALM in general and within the offshore petroleum industry. In addition, it suggests a methodology for investigating optimal parameter settings (i.e. designing of parameter combination) when a 3DP/ALM machine supplier’s manual does not specify the parameter combinations for a certain metal and/or when the end-product requirements demand certain metallurgical properties and mechanical characteristics.