gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamental factors governing improved performance of Al–Si/Ti multilayer metallization for very large scale integration (1989)

Fundamental factors governing the previously observed improvements in conductivity, hillock growth resistance, and thermal stability of the Al–Si/Ti multilayer metallization system have been investigated using various bulk characterization methods and surface analytical techniques (Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Si partitioning from the Al–Si into Ti layer duirng annealing at 450 °C was found to be associated with the formation of a ternary phase similar to TiAl3, but enriched in silicon. In the Al–Si/Ti–Si multilayer metallization system, Si migrates into the Al–Si layer and Al migrates into the Ti–Si layer during annealing. These results suggest that the TiAl3(–Si) phase is thermodynamically more stable than the TiSi2 and TiAl3 phases and that its formation is not kinetically limited by diffusion of Si and Al in either Al or Ti at 450 °C. Formation of TiAl3(–Si) between Al layers is an important factor contributing to improved conductivity of the Al–Si/Ti layered metallization. Formation of interspersed hard layers of TiAl3 or TiAl3(–Si) phases, as well as precipitation of these phases within the Al or the Al–Si layers, appears to be responsible for the improved hillock growth resistance of these multilayered structures.
Identification of hepatic nuclear factor 1 binding sites in the 5′ flanking region of the human phenylalanine hydroxylase gene: Implication of a dual function of phenylalanine hydroxylase stimulator in the phenylalanine hydroxylation system (1998)

Phenylalanine hydroxylase stimulator (PHS) is a component of the phenylalanine hydroxylation system that is involved in the regeneration of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. It is also identical to the dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) (DCoH) that is able to enhance the transcriptional activity of HNF1. Moreover, it has the structural potential for binding macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, consistent with its involvement in gene expression. We investigated whether PHS/DCoH could enhance the expression of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Cotransfection assays showed that DCoH itself could not transactivate the 9-kb human PAH 5' flanking fragment. However, this 9-kb fragment was transactivated by HNF1 in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum of nearly 8-fold activation; DCoH potentiated this transactivation by another 1.6-fold. The HNF1 binding sites were located at -3.5 kb in a region that is 77.5% identical to the mouse liver-specific hormone-inducible PAH gene enhancer. This study suggests a possible dual function of PHS in vivo in the human phenylalanine hydroxylation system: it is involved in the regeneration of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin and can also enhance the expression of the human PAH gene.
Research on Short Term Load Forecasting of Power System (2012)

The short term load forecast of power system is one of the important tasks of power dispatch and service department, whose accuracy has a close relation with dispatch operation, production plan and quality of power supply. Artificial neural network was introduced into forecasting of short term load. Aiming at the drawback in classical BP artificial networks and combining with differential evolution algorithms, this paper puts forwards the prediction model based on real number coded DE-BP artificial networks. Experimental result show this model has high prediction accuracy and can be used into real project.
Comparison of a Fixed-Dose Combination of 40 mg Telmisartan Plus 12.5 mg Hydrochlorothiazide With 40 mg Telmisartan in the Control of Mild to Moderate Hypertension (2002)

This study investigated whether a fixed-dose combination of 40 mg of the angiotensin II antagonist telmisartan plus 12.5 mg of the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) was superior to 40 mg telmisartan in patients with mild to moderate hypertension who failed to respond adequately to 40 mg telmisartan monotherapy. One hundred forty-six patients were withdrawn before randomization. Nonresponders (n = 327) were double blind and randomized to 40 mg telmisartan + 12.5 mg HCTZ (n = 160) or 40 mg telmisartan (n = 167). After 8 weeks of treatment, 40 mg telmisartan + 12.5 mg HCTZ lowered diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by an additional 3.5 mm Hg (P <.01) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 7.4 mm Hg (P <.01) compared with 40 mg telmisartan. Most of the additional effect of the combination was seen after 4 weeks of treatment. At week 8, blood pressure was normalized (SBP <140 mm Hg and DBP <90 mm Hg) in 51.6% of patients on 40 mg telmisartan + 12.5 mg HCTZ compared with 23.5% on 40 mg telmisartan (P <.05). The combination of 40 mg telmisartan + 12.5 mg HCTZ normalized DBP in 64.8% of patients, whereas 40 mg telmisartan normalized DBP in 40.1% (P <.05). SBP decreased by > or =10 mm Hg from baseline in 63.5% of patients receiving the fixed-dose combination compared with 42.6% of those receiving 40 mg telmisartan (P <.05). Both treatments were well tolerated. Adverse events were predominantly mild, transient, and considered unrelated to therapy. These findings indicate that a fixed-dose combination of 40 mg telmisartan + 12.5 mg HCTZ is clinically and statistically superior to 40 mg telmisartan in patients with mild to moderate hypertension failing to respond to 40 mg telmisartan alone.
Mass spectrometry for real-time quantitative breath analysis (2014)

Breath analysis research is being successfully pursued using a variety of analytical methods, prominent amongst which are gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, GC-MS, ion mobility spectrometry, IMS, and the fast flow and flow-drift tube techniques called selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS, and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, PTR-MS. In this paper the case is made for real-time breath analysis by obviating sample collection into bags or onto traps that can suffer from partial degradation of breath metabolites or the introduction of impurities. Real-time analysis of a broad range of volatile chemical compounds can be best achieved using SIFT-MS and PTR-MS, which are sufficiently sensitive and rapid to allow the simultaneous analyses of several trace gas metabolites in single breath exhalations. The basic principles and the ion chemistry that underpin these two analytical techniques are briefly described and the differences between them, including their respective strengths and weaknesses, are revealed, especially with reference to the analysis of the complex matrix that is exhaled breath. A recent innovation is described that combines time-of-flight mass spectrometry with the proton transfer flow-drift tube reactor, PTR-TOFMS, which provides greater resolution in the analytical mass spectrometer and allows separation of protonated isobaric molecules. Examples are presented of some recent data that well illustrate the quality and real-time feature of SIFT-MS and PTR-MS for the analysis of exhaled breath for physiological/biochemical/pharmacokinetics studies and for the identification and quantification of biomarkers relating to specific disease states.
Absorption-free optical control of spin systems: The quantum Zeno effect in optical pumping (2001)

We show that atomic spin motion can be controlled by circularly polarized light without light absorption in the strong pumping limit. In this limit, the pumping light, which drives the empty spin state, destroys the Zeeman coherence effectively and freezes the coherent transition via the quantum Zeno effect. It is verified experimentally that the amount of light absorption decreases asymptotically to zero as the incident light intensity is increased.
Infrarot‐Tieftemperatur‐Küvette (1963)

Abstract Mit der Küvette lassen sich IR‐Untersuchungen bis zu 90° K durchführen. Eine eingebaute Vorrichtung ermöglicht es, in der geschlossenen und tiefgekühlten Küvette Manipulationen mit der eingesetzten Probe vorzunehmen. – Die Arbeitsweise wird an der Unlersuchung von Folien aus Polystryrolsulfonsäure geschildert. Ferner werden einige Hinweise auf weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Küvette gegeben.
1.55 μm buried heterostructure laser via regrowth of semi-insulating InP:Fe around vertical mesas fabricated by reactive ion etching using methane and hydrogen (1991)

A GaInAsP/InP Fabry–Perot-type buried-heterostructure quantum well laser operating at 1.55 μm has been realized utilizing iron-doped semi-insulating InP around vertical mesas fabricated by reactive ion etching using methane and hydrogen. A maximum cw output power of 19 mW has been achieved on as-cleaved chips of 300 μm length with a quantum efficiency of 21% per facet. Threshold currents lie between 20 and 25 mA. As low as 2 Ω series resistance has been measured despite an ohmic contact area not exceeding that of the 2-μm-wide mesa. A 3 dB bandwidth of 7.5 GHz at 12 mW output power is obtained from the small-signal frequency modulation measurements.
Surface Cracking in Layers Under Biaxial, Residual Compressive Stress (1995)

Thin two‐phase, Al 2 O 3 / t ‐Zr(3Y)O 2 layers bounded by much thicker Zr(3Y)O 2 layers were fabricated by co‐sintering powders. After cooling, cracks were observed along the center of the two‐phase, Al 2 O 3 / t ‐Zr(3Y)O 2 layers. Although the Al 2 O 3 / t ‐Zr(3Y)O 2 layers are under residual, biaxial compression far from the surface, tensile stresses, normal to the center line, exist at and near the surface. These highly localized tensile stresses can cause cracks to extend parallel to the layer, to a depth proportional to the layer thickness. A tunneling/edge cracking energy release rate function is developed for these cracks. It shows that for a given residual stress, crack extension will take place only when the layer thickness is greater than a critical value. A value of the critical thickness is computed and compared with an available experimental datum point. In addition, the behavior of the energy release rate function due to elastic mismatch is calculated via the finite element method (FEM). It is also shown how this solution for crack extension can be applied to explain cracking associated with other phenomena, e.g., joining, reaction couples, etc.
Practical Management of the Balance Disorder Patient (1996)

Basic Anatomy and Physiology Review. Functional Physiology and Compensatory Mechanisms. The Neurotologic History and Physical Examination. Electronystagmography Evaluation. Ocular-Motor Evaluation. Rotational Chair Testing. Postural Control Evaluation. Integrated Management Evaluation of the Balance Disorder Patient. Vestibular Rehabilitation Programs. Medical Therapy for the Balance Disorder Patient. Surgical Management of the Balance Disorder Patient. References. Index.
Di-tert-butyl N-acylimidodicarbonates as isolable acylating agents: mild conversion of primary carboxamides to substituted amides (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDi-tert-butyl N-acylimidodicarbonates as isolable acylating agents: mild conversion of primary carboxamides to substituted amidesSteven K. Davidsen, Paul D. May, and James B. SummersCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 18, 5482–5485Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00018a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00018a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1298Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional Analyses of <i>LONELY GUY</i> Cytokinin-Activating Enzymes Reveal the Importance of the Direct Activation Pathway in <i>Arabidopsis</i>    (2009)

Cytokinins play crucial roles in diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Spatiotemporal distribution of bioactive cytokinins is finely regulated by metabolic enzymes. LONELY GUY (LOG) was previously identified as a cytokinin-activating enzyme that works in the direct activation pathway in rice (Oryza sativa) shoot meristems. In this work, nine Arabidopsis thaliana LOG genes (At LOG1 to LOG9) were predicted as homologs of rice LOG. Seven At LOGs, which are localized in the cytosol and nuclei, had enzymatic activities equivalent to that of rice LOG. Conditional overexpression of At LOGs in transgenic Arabidopsis reduced the content of N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenine (iP) riboside 5'-phosphates and increased the levels of iP and the glucosides. Multiple mutants of At LOGs showed a lower sensitivity to iP riboside in terms of lateral root formation and altered root and shoot morphology. Analyses of At LOG promoter:beta-glucuronidase fusion genes revealed differential expression of LOGs in various tissues during plant development. Ectopic overexpression showed pleiotropic phenotypes, such as promotion of cell division in embryos and leaf vascular tissues, reduced apical dominance, and a delay of leaf senescence. Our results strongly suggest that the direct activation pathway via LOGs plays a pivotal role in regulating cytokinin activity during normal growth and development in Arabidopsis.
RRR‐α‐Tocopheryl succinate inhibition of lectin‐induced T cell proliferation (1993)

The effect of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl succinate (VES) on lectin-induced chicken T cell proliferation was investigated. The T cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin induce chicken thymic and splenic T cell proliferation. Addition of VES to the in vitro cultures inhibited T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of VES to spleen cell cultures at different times after mitogen stimulation also suppressed T cell mitogenesis, suggesting that VES is not mediating its antiproliferative effects by interfering with ligand (mitogen)-receptor binding or early ligand-bound receptor-signaling events. Three lines of evidence suggest that the growth-inhibitory properties of VES are unique and may not involve antioxidant properties. 1) Three other forms of vitamin E, dl-alpha-tocopherol, d-alpha-tocopherol, and d-alpha-tocopherol acetate, do not inhibit the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated chicken spleen cells. 2) Spleen cells were treated with an inhibitor of nonspecific esterases to prevent the conversion of VES, which does not exhibit antioxidant properties to d-alpha-tocopherol, a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Treatment of spleen cells with the inhibitor did not affect VES's growth-inhibitory properties. 3) Trolox, a water-soluble vitamin E analogue with potent antioxidant properties and two lipid-soluble antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene, did not inhibit mitogen-induced T cell proliferation. Attempts to reverse VES's antiproliferative effects by addition of exogenous interleukin-2 or addition of sodium selenite, an enhancer of interleukin-2 receptors, failed. Acetylsalicylic acid had no effect on VES's inhibition of mitogen-activated T cell proliferation. These studies support the role of VES as a growth inhibitor of lectin-activated normal T cells in chickens.
The ultraviolet activation spectrum of polycarbonate (1970)

Abstract Previous work has shown that a polymeric phenyl salicylate and a polymeric dihydroxybenzophenone are formed during the irradiation of polycarbonate with nonspectrally dispersed ultraviolet light. In the present studies the photodegradation of polycarbonate film has been investigated as a function of irradiating wavelength using spectrally dispersed light from a xenon are between 2300 and 6300 Å. Maximum changes in absorbance at 3200, 3600, and 4000 Å were induced in the sample by irradiating wavelengths between 2800 and 2900 Å. The wavelength sensitivity of an extruded sample of polycarbonate is compared with results obtained for a solution‐cast thin film of the material. The results of the present study support the stepwise photodegradation mechanism of polycarbonate previously reported and suggest the possibility of an additional photodegradation process.
Semi-active Vibration Control Schemes for Suspension Systems Using Magnetorheological Dampers (2006)

Three semi-active control methods are investigated for use in a suspension system using a commercial magnetorheological damper. The three control methods are the limited relative displacement method, the modified skyhook method, and the modified Rakheja-Sankar method. The method of averaging has been adopted to provide an analytical platform for analyzing the performance of the different control methods. The analytical results are verified using numerical simulation, and further are used to assess the efficiency of different control methods. An experimental test bed has been developed to examine the three control methods under sinusoidal and random excitations. Both analytical and experimental results confirm that the Rakheja-Sankar control and modified skyhook control methods significantly reduce the root-mean-square response of both the acceleration and relative displacement of the sprung mass, while the limited relative displacement controller can only control the relative displacement of the suspension system.
The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) (2009)

The goal of the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) project is to collect the historical tropical cyclone best-track data from all available Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers (RSMCs) and other agencies, combine the disparate datasets into one product, and disseminate in formats used by the tropical cyclone community. Each RSMC forecasts and monitors storms for a specific region and annually archives best-track data, which consist of information on a storm's position, intensity, and other related parameters. IBTrACS is a new dataset based on the best-track data from numerous sources. Moreover, rather than preferentially selecting one track and intensity for each storm, the mean position, the original intensities from the agencies, and summary statistics are provided. This article discusses the dataset construction, explores the tropical cyclone climatology from IBTrACS, and concludes with an analysis of uncertainty in the tropical cyclone intensity record.
Selection of 53 PFC substances for better stability of emulsion and improved artificial blood substitutes. (1983)

In order to develop a new PFC emulsion which is better than Fluosol-DA as an artificial blood substitute, 53 different kinds of PFCs were evaluated from the aspects of toxicity, excretion rate and emulsion stability. From the results of the screening test, FMOQ was selected as the best material for a new emulsion. The half-life of FMOQ in the body of rats was calculated to be 7 days which was similar to FDC in Fluosol-DA, and its emulsion stabilized with the mixture of YPL and Pluronic F68 was stable at 4 degrees C for longer than 6 months. Rats extensively exchange-transfused with this emulsion survived well for a long period, indicating a high efficacy and low toxicity of this emulsion. In conclusion the FMOQ emulsion was selected to be a hopeful candidate for a second generation of artificial blood substitutes. This work was partially supported by NHLBI Contract NO1-HB-2927.
Experimental investigation of the mechanical behaviors of grouted crushed coal rocks under uniaxial compression (2018)

A detailed understanding of the mechanical behaviors for crushed coal rocks after grouting is a key for construction in the broken zones of mining engineering. In this research, experiments of grouting into the crushed coal rock using independently developed test equipment for solving the problem of sampling of crushed coal rocks have been carried out. The application of uniaxial compression was used to approximately simulate the ground stress in real engineering. In combination with the analysis of crack evolution and failure modes for the grouted specimens, the influences of different crushed degrees of coal rock (CDCR) and solidified grout strength (SGS) on the mechanical behavior of grouted specimens under uniaxial compression were investigated. The research demonstrated that first, the UCS of grouted specimens decreased with the decrease in the CDCR at constant SGS (except for the SGS of 12.3 MPa). However, the UCS of grouted specimens for constant CDCR increased when the SGS increased; optimum solidification strengths for grouts between 19.3 and 23.0 MPa were obtained. The elastic moduli of the grouted specimens with different CDCR generally increased with increasing SGS, and the peak axial strain showed a slightly nonlinear decrease with increasing SGS. The supporting effect of the skeleton structure produced by the solidified grouts was increasingly obvious with increasing CDCR and SGS. The possible evolution of internal cracks for the grouted specimens was classified into three stages: (1) cracks initiating along the interfaces between the coal blocks and solidified grouts; (2) cracks initiating and propagating in coal blocks; and (3) cracks continually propagating successively in the interfaces, the coal blocks, and the solidified grouts near the coal blocks. Finally, after the propagation and coalescence of internal cracks through the entire specimens, there were two main failure modes for the failed grouted specimens. These modes included the inclined shear failure occurring in the more crushed coal rock and the splitting failure occurring in the less crushed coal rock. Both modes were different from the single failure mode along the fissure for the fractured coal rock after grouting solidification. However, compared to the brittle failure of intact coal rock, grouting into the different crushed degree coal rocks resulted in ductile deformation after the peak strength for the grouted specimens was attained.
SHP2 is up‐regulated in breast cancer cells and in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast, implying its involvement in breast oncogenesis (2008)

SHP2 is a widely overexpressed signalling protein in IDC breast tumours. Given SHP2's positive role in cell growth, transformation and stem cell survival, the positive relationship of its overexpression to lymph node metastasis, nuclear accumulation of hormone receptors and higher tumour grade suggests that SHP2 promotes breast oncogenesis.
Blood donation screening for hepatitis B virus markers in the era of nucleic acid testing: are all tests of value? (2011)

The HBV DNA-positive yield rate from MP-NAT was lower than expected, likely representing the rarity of such findings even in very large studies. With the implementation of HBV MP-NAT, the value of maintaining anti-HBc for the detection of low-level HBV DNA-positive donors was confirmed; however, HBsAg screening showed no blood safety value.