gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of current therapies against endothelin-induced growth in pulmonary smooth arterial muscle cells (PASMCs) derived from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (2014)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a highly proliferative, vascular remodelling disease leading to heart failure and death. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels are raised and correlate with a poor outcome in PAH. Agents targeting the prostacyclin, ET-1 and cyclic GMP pathway are widely used to treat PAH but no direct comparison of multiple agents from all three pathways exists in vitro. Aim: To compare effects of prostacyclin mimetics (iloprost, treprostinil and MRE-269), tadalafil (PDE5 inhibitor), riociguat (guanylyl cyclase activator) and ET-1 receptor antagonists (ETRAs), bosentan and macitentan on cell proliferation in PASMCs derived from PAH patients (n=5). Methods: PASMCs were incubated in serum ± ET-1 (0.001-300nM). Drugs were evaluated in cells treated with 3nM ET-1 and serum. Cell proliferation was assessed using an MTS assay. Results: ET-1 modestly increased proliferation (1.5 fold at 100nM), but when combined with serum, the magnitude and potency of ET-1 was enhanced 3 and 10 fold, respectively. All drugs reduced proliferation with a rank order of the lowest (0.1nM-1000nM) dose to significantly (P<0.05) inhibit being treprostinil>riociguat≥MRE-269≥tadalafil=iloprost>>macitentan≥bosentan. ETRAs decreased (≥3 fold) while cGMP elevating agents increased (≥10 fold) the potency of treprostinil when combined. Conclusion: The efficacy of the different PAH therapies to inhibit ET-1 induced growth in PASMCs derived from PAH patients varied 10,000 fold. Prostacyclins and cGMP elevating agents, especially when combined, appear more effective antiproliferative agents than ETRAs.
High Frequency of<i>SDHB</i>Germline Mutations in Patients with Malignant Catecholamine-Producing Paragangliomas: Implications for Genetic Testing (2006)

This study establishes that missense, nonsense, frameshift, and splice site mutations of the SDHB gene are associated with about half of all malignancies originating from extraadrenal paragangliomas. The high frequency of SDHB germline mutations among patients with malignant disease, particularly when originating from an extraadrenal paraganglioma, may justify a high priority for SDHB germline mutation testing in these patients.
Finding the aspect-ratio of an imaging system (2002)

Aspect-ratio is a fundamental parameter of an imaging system. It determines the extent of nonuniformity in sampling. Video signals guarantee a one-to-one match between the camera lines and the lines in the image buffer. The horizontal arrangement of pixels, however. undergoes a resampling due to the digitization process. The vertical spacing between lines is given by the vertical distance of the photo elements on the sensor array. The relationship between the vertical and horizontal spacing is determined by the aspect-ratio. The author proposes a technique that uses power spectrum of the image of two sets of parallel lines to determine the aspect-ratio of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Corrections to 'The LMS algorithm with delayed coefficient adaptation' (1992)

The analysis in an earlier paper (see Trans. Acoust. Speech and Signal Processing, vol.37, no.9, p.1397-405, 1989) is improved by correcting an error in the derivation of the system equation. After the correction, the system equation is modified, and thus, so are the related analytical results.
Die soziale Eigenstellung des Angestellten (1957)

Jede feiner gegliederte, arbeitsteilige Wirtschaftsgesellschaft setzt zu ihrem Funktionieren eine soziale Gliederung voraus; nicht nur nach dem Längsschnitt der Berufe, sondern auch in horizontaler Schichtung nach einer disziplinären Ordnung. Beides hängt eng zusammen: Es gibt Berufe unseltener Qualifikation, deren Posten keine besonderen Ansprüche an die Bewerber stellen, die verhältnismäßig mühelos zu besetzen sind, und es gibt wiederum Berufe mit besonderen Ansprüchen an ihre Angehörigen, die daher nach bestimmten Eigenschaften ausgelesen, „gesiebt“ sein müssen. Danach gliedert sich das Bild der Leistungs- oder Funktionspyramide. Es kann zwar jeder Hilfsarbeiter werden, aber schon nicht gelernter Facharbeiter, und noch viel weniger hat jeder das Zeug, einen tüchtigen Angestellten abzugeben; noch wesentlich enger ist der Kreis der Menschen, die ein akademisches Studium mit Erfolg hinter sich bringen können, oder jener kleinen Auslese, die ihr Genie dazu bestimmt, Erfinder oder Dichter oder sonstige Kulturschöpfer zu werden.
Post-Traumatic Instability of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Thumb (1980)

Post-traumatic instability of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb has been treated surgically in sixty-six patients. The results in eighty per cent were excellent or good.
Automatic retinal blood vessel parameter calculation in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2007)

Measurement of retinal blood vessel parameters like the blood blow in the vessels may have significant impact on the study and diagnosis of glaucoma, a leading blinding disease worldwide. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique that can provide not only microscopic structural imaging of the retina but also functional information like the blood flow velocity in the retina. The aim of this study is to automatically extract the parameters of retinal blood vessels like the 3D orientation, the vessel diameters, as well as the corresponding absolute blood flow velocity in the vessel. The parameters were extracted from circular OCT scans around the optic disc. By removing the surface reflection through simple segmentation of the circular OCT scans a blood vessel shadowgram can be generated. The lateral coordinates and the diameter of each blood vessel are extracted from the shadowgram through a series of signal processing. Upon determination of the lateral position and the vessel diameter, the coordinate in the depth direction of each blood vessel is calculated in combination with the Doppler information for the vessel. The extraction of the vessel coordinates and diameter makes it possible to calculate the orientation of the vessel in reference to the direction of the incident sample light, which in turn can be used to calculate the absolute blood flow velocity and the flow rate.
Planar magnetic component technology-a review (1992)

The materials and the fabrication of planar magnetic components for switch mode power supplies (SMPSs) and other applications are reviewed. The advantages and the disadvantages of such devices are introduced. The magnetic materials used in the devices, such as ferrite, amorphous metallic glass, and thin and thick magnetic films, are detailed. The devices have varying degrees of planarization-partially planar devices with magnetic cores and planar windings and truly planar devices for integrated magnetic circuits with planar windings and planar magnetics. Devices of both types reported in the literature since 1979 are reviewed. The design of the planar magnetic components must be optimized with respect to losses, and design issues which relate to electrical, thermal, and mechanical performance are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A dependency matrix based framework for QoS diagnosis in SOA (2009)

When a business process fails to deliver the quality of service (QoS), it is necessary to identify the faulty services that cause the problem. In this paper, we present a framework for diagnosing QoS problems in SOA. A set-covering algorithm is used to select the locations of run-time service data collection, or probes. The framework then creates a dependency matrix to denote the relationships between data recorded by probes and service status. A polynomial time diagnosis algorithm based on the dependency matrix and the probe data is then used to identify potential faulty services. The algorithm also uses predicates on probes (PoP) to compare the data reported from neighboring probes. The diagnosis framework does not require historical knowledge on services. Simulation results show that the diagnosis framework is both effective and efficient.
Adaptive bilateral filtering for noise removal in depth upsampling (2010)

3D scene rendering requires depth maps and color information to produce high quality 3D results. Unfortunately, depth maps captured with the Time-of-flight (TOF) cameras have limited resolution and poor image quality, being severely influenced by the random and systematic noise, which makes them inapposite for generating high quality 3D images. In this paper, we have further analyzed a framework for upsampling the resolution of depth maps that jointly uses Gaussians of spatial and depth differences of low resolution depth map's pixels along with Gaussian of color intensity difference from high resolution 2D color image of the same scene. The variance of the Gaussian functions controls the amount of smoothing in uni-planner area and sharpness at boundaries. Using bigger variance smooths uni-planner area but blurs edges and vice versa. We have devised a method to adaptively calculate and use variance to get smoother surface and sharper edges of upsampled depth map with minimized noise.
A Study of SCTP Services in a Mobile-IP Network (2002)

A recently standardized transport protocol - SCTP and the Mobile IP standard for IPv4 are examined. Both these protocols have been suggested as offering some additional functionality to mobile users over and above that which is currently available from TCP/IP. Here, the interaction of these two new protocols is investigated through the examination of traffic flows through a number of network topologies. The results seem to suggest that although these protocols do work together, they do not currently provide all the functionality that a mobile user might desire. In particular, some limitations caused by implementations are highlighted that could be remedied by small modifications without the need to change either standard specification.
The effect of measuring geometry on computer color matching (1988)

Abstract The debate over the best optical geometry for color measurement dates back to the development of the first recording reflectance spectrophotometer. It is hypothesized that a bidirectional geometry conforms best to the procedure used to inspect colored surface samples visually. This hypothesis was tested using two spectrophotometers of nearly identical design, one utilizing d/8 geometry and the other utilizing 0/45 geometry. The results indicate that bidirectional geometry may be superior to integrating‐sphere geometry when matching standards with varying gloss. The bidirectional measurements are quite sensitive to the size of the source and the detector‐aperture half angle.
PRESS DEWATERING OF BROWN COAL: PART 1-EXPLORATORY STUDIES (1989)

ABSTRACT The large water content of brown coal can be reduced by press dewatering with much lower energy requirement than by alternative methods. The cost of the press need.ed increases with the required pressing pressure, which is det e rmfned by the coal properties. The results of experiments on Victorian brown coals are interpreted with supporting theory to give these properties, and the effects on these of grinding and slurrying and of thermal, mechanical and chemical pretreatments. Brown coals from Victoria are compared with lignites from South Australia and West Germany after slurrying, and with a thickened wash-water effluent containing Victorian brown coal dust. Salt removal from the high-salt South Australian coal was obtained.
Blade tip timing vibration monitoring method based on fiber Bragg grating (2014)

The ventilators have been vividly called “the lungs of mine”. The rotating blades are the core parts of a ventilator, they can influence the safety and reliability of the ventilator. This paper will use the tip-timing method based on the fiber Bragg grating magnetically coupling sensor to study and analyze the ventilator blade vibration, in order to realize long-distance and non-contact real-time online safety monitoring of blade vibration. Compared with the electronic sensorand fiber intensity reflective sensor, the fiber grating coupling magnetic sensor has such advantages as explosion-proof, working at harsh environment with humid air, dust and greasy dirt, capable of achieving long-distance signal transmission, and joining easily with other fiber Bragg grating sensors to form a network in order to achieve multi-parameter distributed online monitoring.
Kinetics of the oxidation of ethylbenzene by cobaltic acetate in acetic acid (1973)

Under nitrogen and in the absence of strong acid, the reduction of cobaltic acetate by oxidation of ethylbenzene in acetic acid obeys kinetics that can be explained by assuming that cobalt are associated in the dinuclear species CoIII–CoIII and CoIII–CoII, only the former being active for oxidation. In the presence of trichloroacetic acid, similar kinetics are observed except that no inactivation of CoIII by CoII apparently takes place. In both cases, the experimental data are consistent with a mechanism whereby ethylbenzene is attacked by the cobaltic species to yield reversibly a benzylic radical. This scheme is further confirmed by the kinetics of oxygen uptake determined when the reaction is carried out in air.
Generation and characterization of a lipopolysaccharide-induced and serum-derived cytotoxic factor for tumor cells (1980)

Serum from Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected mice treated with lipopolysaccharide was cytotoxic to tumor cells in vitro. Serum-induced cytotoxicity was estimated by measuring release of [3H]thymidine into culture supernatants of prelabeled tumor target cells. Serum from BCG-infected mice not treated with lipopolysaccharide or from uninfected mice treated with lipopolysaccharide was inactive. Moreover, although serum cytotoxic activity was evident with 10 syngeneic or allogeneic tumor cell lines, little or no effect was observed with normal embryonic fibroblast target cells. Maximal titers of serum cytotoxic activity were detected 14 days after BCG infection and 2 h after LPS treatment. Serum of BCT-infected, T-cell-deficient nude mice developed strong cytotoxic activity after LPS treatment; however, lipopolysaccharide-insensitive C3H/HeJ mice could produce this cytotoxic activity only after adoptive transfer with lipopolysaccharide-responsive C3H/HeN bone marrow. Physicochemical characterization of the serum cytotoxic activity revealed a heat-stable (56 degrees C, 30 min) entity with a molecular weight of about 60,000 and an isoelectric point at pH 4.8. Biological and physicochemical characteristics of this serum cytotoxic activity as defined by an in vitro assay were very similar to characteristics of tumor necrosis factor and suggest that this molecule may be a major effector mechanism for the antitumor actions of lipopolysaccharide.
Sporadic Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis: Frequency and Epidemiology in an Urban U.S. Population (1982)

Patients with acute viral hepatitis were identified at five hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland between February 1979-August 1980. Of the 295 patients with serologically diagnosed hepatitis, 42% had non-A, non-B hepatitis; 48% had hepatitis B; and 10% had hepatitis A. Compared with matched control patients with no liver disease, patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis more often had received a blood transfusion (11% vs. O, P less than 0.001), used parenteral drugs (42% vs. 4%, P less than 0.001), were employed as health workers in direct patient care or hospital laboratory work (6% vs. 3%, P less than 0.05), had personal contact with others who had hepatitis (16% vs. 1%, P less than 0.001), or had ingested raw shellfish (34% vs. 20%, P less than 0.01). A history of previous clinical hepatitis and serologic markers indicating previous hepatitis B infection were found in patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis more often than in the control patients. Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis was found in 34 (42.5%) of 80 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis.
Effects of Maize Hybrid and Meal Drying Conditions on Yield and Quality of Extracted Zein (1997)

ABSTRACT Corn gluten meal (CGM) produced from two maize hybrids and subjected to five drying treatments were used to determine the effects of variables on zein extraction. Zein extraction yields, protein recoveries, and purities were higher in the CGM with the higher protein content. The yield and protein recovery of zein decreased as the drying temperature increased. Zein yield, protein recovery, and purity were significantly lower in the CGM subjected to freeze‐ and spray‐drying than in those subjected to oven‐drying. A relatively higher pH value in the CGM slurries was a characteristic of freeze‐ and spray‐dried CGM. An explanation of these results based on the mechanisms of protein changes during drying is given.
PageCraft (2007)

PageCraft is an interactive storytelling platform that supports narrative development for young children. It is designed to provide a transition between physical and digital media. By associating physical objects with text and visuals displayed on a digital screen, the system offers children progressive experiences in storytelling through a rich multi-sensory environment they can share with their parents, caregivers, and friends. A multidisciplinary initiative, PageCraft builds a bridge between theory and practice by combining experience in interactive product design together with research in digital narrative to focus on context of use. The system design considers the context of children's experience of narrative as they grow and develop -- they learn on the go and they learn from those around them. Historically it has been convenient to pack up books and building blocks for a summer vacation or a day trip to visit grandparents. Most technically oriented products do not meet these criteria. This project presents the prototype framework for a system that aims to address the demands of such daily routines.
Silicon nanowire array/polymer hybrid solar cell incorporating carbon nanotubes (2009)

Here we present a simple and novel approach of fabricating three dimensional (3D) n-Si nanowires (NWs) and poly(3-octylthiophene) hybrid solar cells incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Vertically aligned n-Si NWs arrays were fabricated by electroless chemical etching of a n-Si [1 1 1] wafer. n-Si NWs/poly(3-octylthiophene) hybrid solar cells were fabricated with and without functionalized CNTs incorporation. Fabricated solar cells incorporating CNTs show open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc) fill factor (FF) and conversion efficiency as 0.353, 7.85 mA cm−2, 22% and 0.61%, respectively. In fabricated devices n-Si NWs arrays form multiple heterojunctions with the polymer and provide efficient electron collection and transportation, whereas CNTs provide efficient hole transportation.
CO2 capture in aqueous ammonia solutions: a computational chemistry perspective (2012)

Twenty-five transition structures (TS's) for CO(2) fixation by up to four base molecules (ammonia or ammonia + water) were located using M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p). All lead to either carbamate (NH(2)CO(2)(-)) or bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) products. Single-point energies at CCSD(T)/maug-cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) were added to SM8/M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) energies to obtain best-estimate aqueous activation energies. All theories agree that: (i) NH(2)CO(2)(-) formation has a lower free energy of activation (best est. 44-45 kJ mol(-1)) than HCO(3)(-) formation (best est. 86 kJ mol(-1)), and (ii) free energies of activation for CO(2) fixation are lowered when an ammonia molecule accepts the proton from the nucleophilic base. The theory also supports a key role for ammonium ions in the observed decomposition of NH(2)CO(2)(-) near pH 9.
Oil and Gas in Poland: future prospecting and critical points (2019)

Shale gas revolution in Poland is over. But several years of shale gas investigations gave a methodic for prospecting and exploitation of various types of unconventional reservoirs. Tight gas reservoir rocks show 10 to 100 times greater permeability than shale reservoir rocks. It is the base to profitable exploitation these reservoirs. The paper relieved and ranked the polish sedimentary basins in context of possibilities of discovery unconventional and low permeable conventional reservoirs. The Miocene sediments of The Carpathian Foredeep, the polish part of the Rotliegend basin, the Carpathians and the Upper Silesian Coal Basin were taken into considerations. Advantages and critical points was discussed.
Pulsed Er:YAG‐ and 308 nm UV‐excimer laser: An in vitro and in vivo study of skin‐ablative effects (1989)

Using a pulsed XeCl excimer laser (308 nm) and a pulsed Er:YAG laser (2,940 nm), we investigated skin ablation as a function of pulse number, radiant energy, and repetition rate. In vitro analysis of lesions performed in freshly excised human skin were consistent with in vivo results obtained from experiments on pig skin. Pulsed 308 nm laser radiation caused considerable nonspecific thermal tissue injury followed by an inflammatory reaction and impaired healing of lesions in vivo. These findings were especially pronounced with higher repetition rates, which would be required for efficient destruction of larger lesions. On the other hand, the 2.94 microns Er:YAG laser radiation produced clean and precise lesions with only minimal adjacent injury. In vivo skin ablation caused intraoperative bleeding with deeper penetration. The Er:YAG laser offers a promising surgical tool for careful removal of superficial epidermal lesions, if higher repetition rates, and an appropriate laser beam delivery system are available for clinical use.
A double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled trial of oral indoramin to treat chronic anal fissure (2001)

An oral dose of indoramin (20 mg) administered twice daily reduced anal resting pressure by 30% compared with pretreatment levels but was ineffective in healing chronic anal fissures.
Easy synthesis of 1,3-dithiole-2-thione (1976)

C. H. Chen, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1976, 920 DOI: 10.1039/C39760000920
Higher, Stronger, Better… A Review of 5 Volt Cathode Materials for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2012)

Abstract The ever‐increasing demand for high‐performing, economical, and safe power storage for portable electronics and electric vehicles stimulates R&D in the field of chemical power sources. In the past two decades, lithium‐ion technology has proven itself a most robust technology, which delivers high energy and power capabilities. At the same time, current technology requires that the energy and power capabilities of Li‐ion batteries be ‘beefed up’ beyond the existing state of the art. Increasing the battery voltage is one of the ways to improve battery energy density; in Li‐ion cells, the objective of current research is to develop a 5‐volt cell, and at the same time to maintain high specific charge capacity, excellent cycling, and safety. Since current anode materials possess working potentials fairly close to the potential of a lithium metal, the focus is on the development of cathode materials. This work reviews and analyzes the current state of the art, achievements, and challenges in the field of high‐voltage cathode materials for Li‐ion cells. Some suggestions regarding possible approaches for future development in the field are also presented.