gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilization of labeled thymidine in DNA synthesis: studies for PET. (1990)

Carbon-111-thymidine and positron emission tomography (PET) have the potential for noninvasively measuring DNA synthesis in tumors and tissues. In order to validate this potential, one needs to construct accurate biochemical models that reflect the metabolism of thymidine, including its uptake and degradation as well as its incorporation into DNA. Our studies employed thymidine labeled in the methyl position using 11C, 14C, and 3H. Studies with rapidly proliferating tissues of mice demonstrated that most of the activity, 60 min after injection of labeled thymidine, was present in DNA, with smaller amounts found in metabolites. Studies in dogs, however, reveal that more activity was present in metabolites, rather than in the DNA of tumors and spleen tissue. HPLC analysis of canine blood after the injection of thymidine revealed rapid conversion of thymidine to thymine and other metabolites. We have found significant differences in the metabolism of [3H]thymidine versus thymidine labeled with radioactive carbon. These differences, which were not found when comparing 14C and 11C, indicate that [3H]thymidine is not an appropriate standard for comparison with PET studies employing [11C] thymidine. To accurately interpret images of [11C]thymidine as representations of DNA synthesis we are developing kinetic models that take into account the metabolism of thymidine and the contribution of degradation products to the 11C images.
From the Internet of things to the Internet of the physical world (2011)

Nowadays, we daily meet new wireless technologies. This is often achieved through the use of RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) tags and wireless sensors. Our environment and surrounding objects become communicating. New applications thus arise in domains such as logistic, health, rescue and environment preservation. Embedding such devices in various industrial goods could lead to a world in which objects communicate and interact with other objects and with people, i.e. the so-called “Internet of things”. This article describes the various types of RFID tags, and the hot topic for research and some examples of applications are given.
Digital Multi-Wavelength Generation and Real Time Video Transmission in a Coherent Ultra Dense WDM PON (2013)

Generation of multiple individually modulated wavelengths out of a single laser source is one of the key pre-requisites for an economical UDWDM PON. It is implemented using a 65 GS/s DAC and real time DSP.
Anti-superoxide dismutase antibodies are associated with survival in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2011)

Our objective was to test the hypothesis that aberrantly modified forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD1) influence the disease course for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS). We probed for anti-SOD1 antibodies (IgM and IgG) against both the normal and aberrantly oxidized-SOD1 (SODox) antigens in sera from patients with SALS, subjects diagnosed with other neurological disorders and healthy individuals, and correlated the levels of these antibodies to disease duration and/or severity. Anti-SOD1 antibodies were detected in all cohorts; however, a subset of ∼5-10% of SALS cases exhibited elevated levels of anti-SOD1 antibodies. Those SALS cases with relatively high levels of IgM antibodies against SODox exhibit a longer survival of 6.4 years, compared to subjects lacking these antibodies. By contrast, SALS subjects expressing higher levels of IgG antibodies reactive for the normal WT-SOD1 antigen exhibit a shorter survival of 4.1 years. Anti-SOD1 antibody levels did not correlate with disease severity in either the Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease cohorts. In conclusion, the association of longer survival with elevated levels of anti-SODox antibodies suggests that these antibodies may be protective. By extension, these data implicate aberrantly modified forms of WT-SOD1 (e.g. oxidized SOD1) in SALS pathogenesis. In contrast, an immune response against the normal WT-SOD1 appears to be disadvantageous in SALS, possibly because the anti-oxidizing activity of normal WT-SOD1 is beneficial to SALS individuals.
From T-antigen to plasmalogen-derived aldehydes: The identification of a marker of colorectal cancer in human rectal mucous (2003)

Recently, a simple noninvasive screening test for colorectal cancer was proposed, based on a hypothesis involving galactose-containing carbohydrate moieties such as the ThomsenFriedenreich antigen. According to the hypothesis, such carbohydrate moieties, present in the human rectal mucous of patients with colorectal cancer, can be specifically oxidized with galactose oxidase to form substances that, upon reaction with Schiff reagent, yield purple (magenta) coloured compounds. While evaluating this proposed test, we discovered that the colour formation is not due to the proposed reaction between oxidized galactose moieties present in rectal mucous and Schiff reagent. We found instead that the mucous from colorectal cancer patients contains compounds that form purple (magenta) adducts with the Schiff reagent directly, i.e., they do not require oxidation by galactose oxidase. We have identified these compounds as long-chain aliphatic aldehydes, mainly palmitic aldehyde C 15 H 31 CH=O and stearic aldehyde C 17 H 35 CH=O. We have further found that the aldehydes originate from plasmalogens present in the phospholipid fraction of the mucous obtained from colorectal cancer patients. The aldehydes, present in plasmalogens as enol ethers, are released by the acidity of the Schiff reagent and in turn react with the Schiff reagent to form the coloured adducts. Correct identification of these markers could lead to the development of a more accurate colorectal cancer screening tool and to a deeper understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis.Key words: T-antigen, plasmalogen-derived aldehydes, colorectal cancer marker.
Vaccination of chickens with a recombinant fowlpox virus containing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of Newcastle disease virus under the control of the fowlpox virus thymidine kinase promoter. (1994)

When chickens were vaccinated with a recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV) containing the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) cDNA under the control of the thymidine kinase (TK) promoter and inserted into the FPV TK gene, the FPV antibody response to the recombinant virus was similar to the response to vaccination with standard FPV, and the recombinant virus protected chickens against challenge with virulent FPV. While the presence of the NDV HN cDNA was demonstrated in the recombinant virus, which was stable on serial passage, expression of HN was not detected by hemagglutination, Western blot analysis or immunoprecipitation of infected cell lysate. Chickens vaccinated with the recombinant virus failed to mount an NDV hemagglutination-inhibition antibody response, and they did not resist challenge with velogenic NDV. It was concluded that the TK promoter was too weak to drive the HN gene, but that the insertion into the FPV TK gene did not reduce the immunogenicity of the virus.
Identification and Comparison of Stable and Unstable mRNAs in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1990)

We developed a procedure to measure mRNA decay rates in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and applied it to the determination of half-lives for 20 mRNAs encoded by well-characterized genes. The procedure utilizes Northern (RNA) or dot blotting to quantitate the levels of individual mRNAs after thermal inactivation of RNA polymerase II in an rpb1-1 temperature-sensitive mutant. We compared the results of this procedure with results obtained by two other procedures (approach to steady-state labeling and inhibition of transcription with Thiolutin) and also evaluated whether heat shock alter mRNA decay rates. We found that there are no significant differences in the mRNA decay rates measured in heat-shocked and non-heat-shocked cells and that, for most mRNAs, different procedures yield comparable relative decay rates. Of the 20 mRNAs studied, 11, including those encoded by HIS3, STE2, STE3, and MAT alpha 1, were unstable (t1/2 less than 7 min) and 4, including those encoded by ACT1 and PGK1, were stable (t1/2 greater than 25 min). We have begun to assess the basis and significance of such differences in the decay rates of these two classes of mRNA. Our results indicate that (i) stable and unstable mRNAs do not differ significantly in their poly(A) metabolism; (ii) deadenylation does not destabilize stable mRNAs; (iii) there is no correlation between mRNA decay rate and mRNA size; (iv) the degradation of both stable and unstable mRNAs depends on concomitant translational elongation; and (v) the percentage of rare codons present in most unstable mRNAs is significantly higher than in stable mRNAs.
Muscle carnitine in hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism (2005)

Weakness is common in both hyper- and hypothyroidism, and skeletal muscle L-carnitine may play a role in this regard, as suggested by studies indicating abnormal levels of carnitine in serum and urine of patients with thyroid dysfunction. Skeletal muscle samples were obtained for carnitine analysis from control subjects, and from hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients before and after treatment. There was a significant reduction in carnitine, especially the esterified portion, in hyperthyroid individuals, with a return to normal as euthyroid status was regained. In hypothyroid patients, there was a trend for carnitine to be lower than normal and for improvement once euthyroid status was attained. Our data indicate that muscle carnitine levels are affected by both hypo- and hyperthyroidism. A decrease in muscle carnitine in both conditions may contribute to thyroid myopathy.
Rapid Growth of Long, Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes through Efficient Catalyst Optimization Using Metal Film Gradients (2004)

Pulsed laser deposited, orthogonally overlapping metal film gradients are introduced as a versatile method to optimize desired nanomaterial characteristics simultaneously as a function of catalyst composition and film thickness. Catalyst libraries generated by this method are applied here to study the growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition in acetylene from Mo/Fe/Al multilayers on Si. An Fe/Mo atomic ratio of 16:1 was discovered to be optimal for the rapid growth of nanotubes to long lengths, at rates exceeding 1 mm/hr.
Multi-Modal Emotion recognition on IEMOCAP Dataset using Deep Learning (2018)

Emotion recognition has become an important field of research in Human Computer Interactions as we improve upon the techniques for modelling the various aspects of behaviour. With the advancement of technology our understanding of emotions are advancing, there is a growing need for automatic emotion recognition systems. One of the directions the research is heading is the use of Neural Networks which are adept at estimating complex functions that depend on a large number and diverse source of input data. In this paper we attempt to exploit this effectiveness of Neural networks to enable us to perform multimodal Emotion recognition on IEMOCAP dataset using data from Speech, Text, and Motion capture data from face expressions, rotation and hand movements. Prior research has concentrated on Emotion detection from Speech on the IEMOCAP dataset, but our approach is the first that uses the multiple modes of data offered by IEMOCAP for a more robust and accurate emotion detection.
Vibration non-sensitive lithographic system for writing individualized holograms for data storage and security applications (2005)

A vibration non-sensitive lithographic system for writing individual computer-generated micro-holograms into a polymer material for data storage and security application is described. The robust lithograph is the central element of the data storage system consisting of the calculation of a computer-generated micro-hologram (CGH), the writing process and the retrieval of the data stored. The writing process is based on the pattern of a CGH, which projects a data pattern with an optimized signal-to-noise ratio. The hologram, which has the size of one square millimeter, consists of one million dots with a diameter of one micrometer each. In less than one second the laser scanning lithograph transfers the calculated hologram into a polyethelen perephtalate foil (PET) using a high-power single-mode laser diode. A thermal process locally converts the semi-crystalline structure of the foil into an amorphous structure. This leads to a change of the refractive index of more than 0.1 without the need of a post-processing5. Because of the diffractive nature of the introduced optical pattern a relative position accuracy of better than 100 nm has to be accomplished. A high-speed differential optical position detection system guarantees the required position accuracy even in a vibration-afflicted industrial environment. A position deviation of the writing spot caused by vibration is detected by a close correlation between the laser spot in the storage material and a second scanning laser spot on top of a grid mask. The position information is combined with the individual hologram pattern by a fast free-programmable gate-array (FPGA) processor, which again controls the laser diode. The reaction time of 26 ns ensures an interference compensation of up to one MHz. The quality of the reconstructed micro-hologram allows the retrieval of up to one kByte of machine-readable information.
Remotely-controlled approach for stereotactic neurobiopsy (2002)

The objective of this study was to develop, demonstrate, and validate a remotely controlled operation scheme coupled with prospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based stereotaxy for in vivo neurosurgical applications. The novel concept of the prospective guidance scheme is to employ tomographical imaging feedback, such as MRI or CT, to facilitate prospectively the targeting process of a biopsy needle at near-real-time speed (1 image/s). Because the orientation of a biopsy needle pivoted at an entry point on the patient's skull has 2 degrees of freedom, the alignment of its trajectory to a target point can be guided by two-dimensional (2D) images whose plane is placed perpendicular to the desired trajectory. Using near-real-time 2D visual feedback during the adjustment of the alignment guide, the required trajectory alignment can be translated into a simple targeting task on a computer monitor employing a suitable graphic presentation. Also, both adjustments for the alignment and introduction of the biopsy needle were accomplished remotely with image-based feedback. The use of the method in actual MR-guided brain lesion biopsy procedures at 1.5 T showed an improved tissue yield due to the improved targeting accuracy even in the presence of brain shift. Furthermore, the postalignment trajectory can be validated immediately using near-real-time MRI scans in two orthogonal views before needle insertion. Because the final needle position is always visualized and confirmed, the consequent tissue sampling is performed with greater certainty, even in the case of a negative diagnosis. The actual targeting error was 1.53 +/- 0.17 mm from an intended target location, with the maximum distance error of 1.72 mm at a depth of 85 mm. This remotely controlled surgical approach with intraoperative MRI guidance is feasible at 1.5 T, and has allowed neurosurgeons to perform neurobiopsies comfortably and efficiently in a routine clinical MR scanner. This scheme provides a unique alternative stereotactic procedure that can take full advantage of the prospective guidance potential offered by various modern tomographic imaging systems.
Quantitative Upper Airway Imaging with Anatomic Optical Coherence Tomography (2005)

aOCT generates quantitative, real-time measurements of upper airway size and shape with minimal invasiveness, allowing study over lengthy periods during both sleep and wakefulness. These features should make it useful for study of upper airway behavior to investigate OSA pathophysiology and aid clinical management.
Arc Spray Corrosion Applications (1998)

Abstract Early in the development of electric arc thermal spray equipment, twin wire coatings were typically coarse and porous. Arc systems were used for dimensional buildup and anti-skid coatings. Today, arc spray technology has progressed to where arc spray systems are used in numerous types of applications. This presentation discusses corrosion applications and the industries that have driven arc technology development to improve coating quality and improve production rates--up to 4 times the original rates. This paper documents recent infrastructure applications, power plant cooling towers, and oil and gas industry applications as well as several other industry applications where the equipment is used. Physical properties, costs and testing in process will be discussed. The closing includes trends, needs for equipment and material and suggestions for future actions.
A Simple Model System Enabling Human CD34+ Cells to Undertake Differentiation Towards T Cells (2013)

Our study provides direct evidence for the capacity of human cord blood CD34(+) cells to differentiate along the T lineage in a simple human model system. Productive commitment of the CD34⁺ cells to generate T cells was found to be dependent on a three-dimensional matrix which induced the up-regulation of the Notch delta-like ligand 4 (Dll-4) by epithelial cells.
Potassium ion recognition by facile dithiocarbamate assembly of benzo-15-crown-5–gold nanoparticles (2009)

Here we demonstrate a facile strategy of preparing gold nanoparticle (AuNP) crown ether assemblies by the generation of strongly binding dithiocarbamate (DTC) modified benzo-15-crown-5; we also report the efficient and selective ion sensing property of the novel assembly for K(+).
Fourier transforming microwave impulses using low-cost analog circuits (2011)

In this paper, a low-cost analog circuit architecture to acquire the (complex-valued) spectrum of microwave impulses is designed. The proposed architecture consists of multiple channels to down-convert the input signal, each of which obtains a small portion of the input's spectrum. Overlapping bands are designated in between every two adjacent channels, so that multiple narrow-band outcomes can be accurately merged to construct the entire wide-band spectrum through post-processing. Our circuit is tested by input impulses with spectrum centered at 2.1 GHz. The input signal's spectrum (including both magnitude and phase) obtained by our circuit shows excellent agreement with the data measured by a 40-GHz oscilloscope.
Functional Characterization of Arginine 30, Lysine 40, and Arginine 62 in Tn5 Transposase (2001)

Three N-terminal basic residues of Tn5 transposase, which are associated with proteolytic cleavages by Escherichia coli proteinases, were mutated to glutamine residues with the goal of producing more stable transposase molecules. Mutation of either arginine 30 or arginine 62 to glutamine produced transposase molecules that were more stable toward E. coli proteinases than the parent hyperactive Tn5 transposase, however, they were inactive in vivo. In vitro analysis revealed these mutants were inactive, because both Arg(30) and Arg(62) are required for formation of the paired ends complexes when the transposon is attached to the donor backbone. These results suggest Arg(30) and Arg(62) play critical roles in DNA binding and/or synaptic complex formation. Mutation of lysine 40 to glutamine did not increase the overall stability of the transposase to E. coli proteinases. This mutant transposase was only about 1% as active as the parent hyperactive transposase in vivo; however, it retained nearly full activity in vitro. These results suggest that lysine 40 is important for a step in the transposition mechanism that is bypassed in the in vitro assay system, such as the removal of the transposase molecule from DNA following strand transfer.
Model of Complications of NIDDM: II. Analysis of the health benefits and cost-effectiveness of treating NIDDM with the goal of normoglycemia (1997)

The incremental effectiveness of treating NIDDM with the goal of normoglycemia is estimated to be approximately $16,000/QALY gained, which is in the range of interventions that are generally considered cost-effective.
New Decagonal Al&ndash;Ni&ndash;Fe and Al&ndash;Ni&ndash;Co Alloys Prepared by Liquid Quenching (1989)

New decagonal alloys in the Al–Ni–Fe and Al–Ni–Co systems have been produced by liquid quenching. Their formations extend in the ranges of 9 to 16 at% Ni and 9 to 21 at% Fe or Co. The whole replacement of Fe or Co in Al75Ni10(Fe or Co)15 alloys by V, Cr, Mn or Ru gives a mixed structure consisting of decagonal, icosahedral and crystalline phases. The decagonal phase consists of large grains with a size above 1 μm and the magnitude of the phason strain frozen during liquid quenching is relatively small probably because of the two-dimensional quasicrystalline structure.
Hormesis in cancer immunology (2014)

We recently reported that tumor-directed antibodies could either stimulate, or inhibit, tumor progression, dependent upon the dosage used. The narrow range over which this immune response curve (IRC) occurs is surprising. Here we discuss features of the IRC, the mechanisms identified so far, and the potential clinical implications.
Visible and Infrared Video Fusion Using Uniform Discrete Curvelet Transform and Spatial‐Temporal Information (2015)

Multiple visual sensor fusion provides an eﬀective way to improve the robustness and accuracy of video surveillance system. Traditional video fusion methods fuse the source videos using static image fusion methods frame-by-frame without considering the information in temporal dimension. The temporal information can't be fully utilized in fusion procedure. Aiming at this problem, a visible and infrared video fusion method based on Uniform discrete curvelet transform (UDCT) and spatial-temporal information is proposed. The source videos are decomposed by using UDCT, and a set of local spatial-temporal energy based fusion rules are designed for decomposition coeﬃcients. In these rules, we consider the current frame's coeﬃcients and the coeﬃcients on temporal dimension which are the coeﬃcients of adjacent frames. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method works well and outperforms comparison methods in terms of temporal stability and consistency as well as spatial-temporal information extraction.
HORMONE-REFRACTORY PROSTATE CANCER CELLS EXPRESS FUNCTIONAL FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR (FSHR) (1999)

Understanding growth regulation in hormone-refractory prostate cancer may provide avenues for novel treatment interventions. This study was conducted to characterize the expression of the receptor (FSHR) for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines and in human malignant prostate tissues.Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and flow cytometric analysis were used to study the expression of FSHR. The effect of FSH on cell growth and clonogenicity was studied using proliferation and clonogenic assays.Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of FSH in PC3 and Du145 cells. FSHR was identified in PC3 and Du145 cells, as well as in human adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The specificity of the FSHR detected on prostate cancer tissues or cells by IHC and Western blotting was confirmed by preabsorbing the antibodies with the immunizing antigens. Stimulation of these hormone-refractory cells with FSH triggered a proliferative response in vitro, suggesting that the receptor is biologically active.Hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells express FSH and biologically active FSHR. Our results suggest that FSHR and its ligand may play a role in the regulation of the growth of hormone-refractory prostate cancers.