gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bit-depth scalable video coding using inter-layer prediction from high bit-depth layer (2009)

Scalable video coding (SVC) is currently developed as an extension of H.264/AVC video coding standard. In this paper, we propose three H.264/AVC compliant bit-depth scalable video coding schemes, named LH mode (Low Bit-depth to High Bit-depth), HL mode (High Bit-depth to Low Bit-depth) and combined LH-HL mode for different applications. All these schemes efficiently exploit the high correlation between the high bit-depth layer and the low bit-depth layer on Macroblock level. Experimental results indicate that the HL mode outperforms the other two schemes and it achieves up to 7 dB improvement over the simulcast where the high bit-depth video and low bit-depth representations are 12-bit and 8-bit, respectively.
Ultrastructural Characteristics of Human Mesenchymal Stromal (Stem) Cells Derived from Bone Marrow and Term Placenta (2007)

Human mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (hMSCs) isolated from adult bone marrow (BM-hMSCs) as well as amnion (AM-hMSCs) and chorion (CM-hMSCs) term placenta leaves were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate their ultrastructural basic phenotype. At flow cytometry, the isolated cells showed a homogeneous expression of markers commonly used to identify hMSCs, i.e., CD105, CD44, CD90, CD166, HLA-ABC positivities, and CD45, AC133, and HLA-DR negativities. However, TEM revealed subtle yet significant differences. BM-hMSCs had mesenchymal features with dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and peripheral collections of multiloculated clear blisters; this latter finding mostly representing complex foldings of the plasma membrane could be revelatory of the in situ cell arrangement in the niche microenvironment. Unlike BM-hMSCs, CM-hMSCs were more primitive and metabolically quiescent, their major features being the presence of rER stacks and large peripheral collections of unbound glycogen. AM-hMSCs showed a hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal ultrastructural phenotype; epithelial characters included non-intestinal-type surface microvilli, intracytoplasmic lumina lined with microvilli, and intercellular junctions; mesenchymal features included rER profiles, lipid droplets, and well-developed foci of contractile filaments with dense bodies. These features are consistent with the view that AM-hMSCs have a pluripotent potential. In conclusion, this study documents that ultrastructural differences exist among phenotypically similar hMSCs derived from human bone marrow and term placenta leaves; such differences could be revelatory of the hMSCs in vitro differentiation potential and may provide useful clues to attempt their in situ identification.
In Vitro Model to Study Chondrogenic Differentiation in Tendinopathy (2009)

This model can be used to investigate chondrogenic differentiation as a possible target for drug treatment, contributing to the development of more successful mechanism-based treatment opportunities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Toward Cyclic Peptides. Concise Synthesis of Thiazoline and Thiazole Containing Amino Acids. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Compact and efficient fibre-to-waveguide grating couplers in InP-membrane (2006)

The design and fabrication of compact grating couplers in InP-membrane waveguides for coupling to standard singlemode fibre is presented. A wafer bonding technique is applied to achieve a high vertical index contrast. Coupling efficiencies of 30% were measured on first fabricated couplers.
Bilirubin in einem neuen Licht (2013)

Grünes Licht für neue Tests: Das Protein UnaG fluoresziert hellgrün in Konjugation mit Bilirubin. Seine hohe Affinität und Spezifität zu Bilirubin ermöglichen dessen effiziente Messung in humanem Serum, was die Diagnose von Erkrankungen, die auf wasserunlösliches Bilirubin zurückgehen, verbessern könnte. UnaG erweitert das Repertoire fluoreszierender Proteine und hat günstige neue Eigenschaften, z. B. die schnelle Induzierbarkeit unabhängig von Sauerstoff.
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer and Substituent Effects in Catechol-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents: Gross and Fine Tuning of Redox Activity (2017)

The 1,2-diol moiety in a variety of substituted catechols allows formation of room temperature ionic melts in a 2:1 ratio with choline chloride or choline dihydrogen citrate. These deep eutectic solvents were 4.3-6.6 M in redox active catechols. Substituents on 3- and 4-substituted catechols shift both E° and pK<sub>a</sub> such that Hammett parameters predict the observed E<sub>p</sub> for oxidation in square wave voltammetry. The proton acceptor for the proton-coupled oxidation shifts the observed E<sub>p</sub> more strongly than the substituents within the substituents and acceptors reported here. The shift is predicted well by the pK<sub>a</sub> of the conjugate acid of the proton acceptor, i.e., water in aqueous solutions or chloride or dihydrogen citrate in the DESs in this study. Together, the substituent and the proton acceptor allow gross and fine-tuning of the oxidation potential for catechol over 750 mV, the first demonstration of control of the thermodynamics of proton-coupled electron transfer in deep eutectic solvents. Changing the substituents on the HBD affords fine control in tens of millivolts, while changing the base strength of the anion of the organic salt affords gross control across hundreds of millivolts.
Experimental Droplet Study of Inverted Marangoni Effect of a Binary Liquid Mixture on a Nonuniform Heated Substrate (2016)

We present an experimental study on the inversion of the Marangoni effect of a binary mixture droplet under a horizontal temperature gradient. In particular, we studied the dynamics and the evaporation behavior under these conditions. We show that a binary mixture (97% water-3% butanol) droplet has a tendency to migrate to warmer areas, as opposed to spreading in pure fluids. During the evaporation process, we distinguish three stages of evaporation that are correlated to the dynamics of the droplet.
Design of an Underactuated Compliant Gripper for Surgery Using Nitinol (2009)

This paper presents the development of an underactuated compliant gripper using a biocompatible superelastic alloy, namely, nitinol. This gripper has two fingers with five phalanges each and can be used as the end-effector of an endoscopic instrument. Optimization procedures are required to obtain the geometry of the transmission mechanism because of its underactuated nature and its underlying complexity. A driving mechanism further incorporated in the gripper to distribute actuation to both fingers and accomplish the grasping of asymmetrical objects without requiring supplementary inputs is also discussed. Finally, the results of numerical simulations with different materials and different grasped objects are presented and discussed.
Spin-dependent tunneling in discontinuous Co–SiO2 magnetic tunnel junctions (1998)

Discontinuous magnetic tunnel junctions (DMTJs) are an alternate system to the magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) currently being considered for magnetoresistance (MR) sensors. The DMTJs are easier to fabricate and more robust than the MTJs. The nominal film structure is SiO2(20 Å)/Co(tCo)/SiO2(30 Å)/Co(tCo)/SiO2(20 Å), in which the thin Co layers are discontinuous, in the form of nanoparticles. Magneto-transport measurements were made perpendicular to the film plane on macroscopic junctions for in-plane applied magnetic fields. The results, for these films with only two magnetic layers, are similar to those of the discontinuous multilayers previously reported. The MR response is relatively sharp and almost linear at low magnetic fields and is reproducible from one junction to another. This MR (defined as ΔV/Vmax) is weakly temperature dependent with a maximum between 4 and 300 K. The MR and the magnetization at low temperature suggest ferromagnetically coupled particles, which switch in lower magnetic fields than noninteracting particles.
Modifications to the Peptidoglycan Backbone Help Bacteria To Establish Infection (2010)

Bacterial pathogens that colonize mucosal surfaces have acquired resistance to antimicrobials that are abundant at these sites. One of the main antimicrobials present on mucosal surfaces is lysozyme, a muramidase that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan backbone of bacteria. Cleavage of the peptidoglycan backbone leads to bacterial cell death and lysis, which releases bacterial fragments, including peptidoglycan, at the site of infection. Peptidoglycan fragments can be recognized by host receptors and initiate an immune response that will aid in clearing infection. Many mucosal pathogens modify the peptidoglycan residues surrounding the cleavage site for lysozyme to avoid peptidoglycan degradation and the release of these proinflammatory fragments. This review will focus specifically on peptidoglycan modifications, their role in lysozyme resistance, and downstream effects on the host immune response to infection.
Federalism and Decentralization: Ownership Rights and the Superiority of Federalism (2000)

The benefits and costs usually ascribed to federalism are benefits and costs of decentralization; they are, therefore, present in unitary states that are in fact all decentralized. The benefits and costs specific to federalism pertain to ownership rights in constitutional powers. Federalism is superior to confederalism and unitarianism because the ownership rights peculiar to that system of government are such that they ensure the perdurance of competition when one or more competitors are unsuccessful. They do so because under federalism, powers cannot be repossessed unilaterally. Ownership rights have to be enforced; as a consequence, there are also costs that are specific to federalism.
<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> V583 Contains a Cytochrome <i>bd</i> -Type Respiratory Oxidase (2000)

We have cloned an Enterococcus faecalis gene cluster, cydABCD, which when expressed in Bacillus subtilis results in a functional cytochrome bd terminal oxidase. Our results indicate that E. faecalis V583 cells have the capacity of aerobic respiration when grown in the presence of heme.
Differentiation of Tr1 cells by immature dendritic cells requires IL-10 but not CD25CD4 Treg cells Running title: Induction of Tr1 cells by immature dendritic cells (2004)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen presenting cells which monitor the antigenic environment and activate naive T cells. The role of DCs is not only to sense danger, but also to tolerize the immune system to antigens encountered in the absence of maturation/inflammatory stimuli. Indeed, if a naive T cell encounters its antigen on immature DCs (iDCs) it may differentiate into a T regulatory (Tr) rather than a T effector cell. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which iDCs differentiate Tr cells. We developed a standardized and highly reproducible protocol to differentiate Tr cells by repetitive exposure of naive peripheral blood CD4 T cells to allogeneic iDCs. The resulting Tr cells are phenotypically and functionally identical to type 1 Tr (Tr1) cells since their generation requires autocrine production of IL-10 by iDCs, and they suppress T-cell responses via an IL-10and TGF-β-dependent mechanism. In addition, Tr1 cells induced by iDCs do not require the presence of CD4CD25 Tr cells for their generation, and do not express high constitutive levels of CD25 or the transcription factor FoxP3. Thus, iDCs can drive the differentiation of Tr1 cells, and can be used to generate large numbers of alloantigen-specific Tr1 cells for clinical use as a cellular therapy to restore peripheral tolerance. For personal use only. by guest on May 30, 2013. bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org From
Expression of Phospholipases A<sub>2</sub>and C in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells (2004)

Many phospholipase isoforms are expressed by HCECs and may play a major role in signal transduction (PLCs) as well as in the release of precursors of potent mediators of inflammation, such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins (PLA2s). Moreover, the sPLA2s expressed by the corneal epithelium could be involved in the normal antibacterial activity in the tears and in wound healing.
Aminomethylphosphonate Chelating Ligand and Octadecyl Alkyl Chain in a Resin for Simultaneous Removal of Co(II) Ions and Organic Contaminants (2016)

The efficiency of a hydrophobic cross-linked polyzwitterionic acid for the simultaneous removal of Co(II) and organic dyes from water was examined. The synthesis of the resin was conducted via cyclotetrapolymerization of N,N-diallyl-N-aminomethylphosphonic acid as a hydrophilic monomer, N,N-diallyl-N-octadecylammonium chloride as a hydrophobic monomer, and SO2 in the presence of a cross-linker using the initiator α,α′-azoisobutyronitrile. The efficiency of the resin for the removal of Co(II) was evaluated under the effects of metal ion concentration, temperature, adsorption contact time, and medium pH. The results show the adsorption data fitted a pseudo-second-order model. The standard enthalpy change ΔHo was 23.2 kJ/mol, suggesting an endothermic adsorption process. The adsorption from the mixture of the binary systems of Co(II) with eriochrome Black T, methyl orange, phenol, or methylene blue exhibited a distinct bimodal behavior that could be ascribed to the chelating and hydrophobic nature of the prepared resin. The resin, by virtue of having the advantages of high capacity and good ability to adsorb Co(II) ions and organic contaminants simultaneously, is indeed a promising candidate for water purification.
Sediments, Facies Tracts, and Variations in Sedimentation Rates of Holocene Platform Carbonate Sediments and Associated Deposits, Northern Belize-Implications for "Representative" Sedimentation Rates (2004)

Full text is not available on SOAR. Publisher's website: http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/74/4/498 DOI: 10.1306/012004740498
A Context Query Language for Pervasive Computing Environments (2008)

This paper identifies requirements for querying and accessing context information in mobile and pervasive computing environments. Furthermore it studies existing query languages showing that they satisfy only a subset of these requirements or cover some of them only to a limited extent. A new context query language is presented to overcome these shortcomings, improving the state of the art in several respects: heterogeneous representations of context information, definition of complex filtering mechanisms, elaborate aggregation functions and ontology integration, all in one language.
Review: <i>Zoology: An Introduction to the Study of Animals</i>, by Richard A. Boolootian (1980)

Book Review| November 01 1980 Review: Zoology: An Introduction to the Study of Animals, by Richard A. Boolootian Zoology: An Introduction to the Study of AnimalsRichard A. Boolootian G. M. Rosenthal G. M. Rosenthal Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1980) 42 (8): 502–504. https://doi.org/10.2307/4447081 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation G. M. Rosenthal; Review: Zoology: An Introduction to the Study of Animals, by Richard A. Boolootian. The American Biology Teacher 1 November 1980; 42 (8): 502–504. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4447081 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1980 The National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Sampling the Genetic Diversity of Tall Fescue Utilizing Gamete Selection (2012)

Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire) (2n=6x=42) represents the predominant perennial cool-season grass forage in the USA. Its wide adaptation, excellent spring, summer and fall production, deep root system, tolerance to heat and persistence over summer conditions makes this a highly desirable species for hay, pasture and turf. Tall fescue tolerates short-term flooding, moderate drought and heavy livestock grazing and machinery traffic. It responds well to fertilizer but can maintain itself under limited fertility conditions and is adapted to moderately acid and wet soils Approximately two-thirds of the total annual growth of tall fescue occurs during the spring and about one-third occurs during summer and fall making it nearly a full season forage. A wide array of phenotypic and genotypic variation exists in tall fescue and cultivar development has traditionally used recurrent selection techniques. For this review, we focus primarily on tall fescue as a forage or hay producing species; however, methods discussed can be equally applicable to turf programs. Although tall fescue is a complex hexaploid species, it can be hybridized with annual (2n=2x=14) or perennial ryegrass (2n=4x=28) (Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot (syn. Lolium multiflorum Lam.) for the development of festuloliums In some instances, induced androgenesis has been utilized to generate useful germplasm
Urease activity may contribute to the ability of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to establish infection. (2000)

The contribution of urease activity to the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was investigated using 2 different urease-negative transposon mutants of the virulent serotype 1 strain, CM5 Nalr. One mutant, cbiK::Tn10, is deficient in the uptake of nickel, a cofactor required for urease activity. The other mutant, ureG::Tn10, is unable to produce active urease due to mutation of the urease accessory gene, ureG. In aerosol challenge experiments, pigs developed acute pleuropneumonia following exposure to high doses (10(6) cfu/mL) of the parental strain, CM5 Nalr, and to the cbiK::Tn10 mutant. When low dose (10(3) cfu/mL) challenges were used, neither urease-negative mutant was able to establish infection, whereas the parental strain was able to colonize and cause lesions consistent with acute pleuropneumonia in 8 of the 20 pigs challenged. These findings suggest that urease activity may be needed for A. pleuropneumoniae to establish infection in the respiratory tract of pigs.
Mechanism of Amorphous Silica Film Formation from Tetraethoxysilane in Atomic Oxygen‐Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1998)

Atomic oxygen‐induced chemical vapor deposition (AOCVD), using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as single‐source compound, was investigated to get insight into the mechanism of silica film growth. In particular, an effort was made to elucidate the chemical nature of silica film‐forming precursors. AOCVD, selected as a model process suitable for mechanistic study, has been examined in terms of the effects of atomic oxygen concentration, of the contents of the ground and excited state oxygen atoms in atomic oxygen fraction, and of thermal activation. The growth rate of silica film does not depend on the composition of the atomic oxygen fraction, but is proportional to the total concentration of atomic oxygen fed into the CVD reactor. In the light of the apparent activation energy (Ea) values calculated from the Arrhenius plots of the substrate temperature dependencies of film growth rate, the mechanism of AOCVD is related to the concentration of atomic oxygen. The near zero Ea value found at low concentration of atomic oxygen implies that AOCVD is not a thermally activated process; diffusion of the precursors from the gas phase to the substrate seems to be the rate‐limiting factor of AOCVD under these conditions. Apparently negative Ea values observed for high concentrations of atomic oxygen indicate that the adsorption of the precursors onto the growth surface is the main factor controlling the rate of AOCVD. Reaction products of the gas‐phase conversion of TEOS, investigated by high‐resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of linear and cyclic siloxane oligomers, containing the ‐‐ repeating unit. The structure of identified oligomers, results of the study of TEOS reactions with atomic oxygen, the structure of the deposited film, chemiluminescence spectra of the gas‐phase products in the CVD reactor, and the results of step coverage tests, point to diethoxysilanone (a high reactivity intermediate) and hexaethoxydisiloxane (a high surface mobility, low reactivity intermediate) as the major precursors of silica film growth.
MiBS if Combiner for Space and Angle Diversity in Digital Radio: First Trial Results (1992)

The performance of a minimum Bit Error Strategy (MiBS) combiner operating at intermediate frequency (IF) is described. A considerable reduction in system outage compared with the traditional strategies for digital radio transmission using space diversity has been achieved by a new Mibs combiner. A first trial application on a 228 Km oversea link in Italy has shown good results for a 34 MB/S system at 7 GHZ. A simple model is given to describe the combiner performance.
LEAF DISEASE DETECTION USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND DEEP LEARNING (2021)

India is a farming country, more than 70% of our people rely on agriculture. A third of our domestic revenue comes from farming. The farmers face failure because of different cultivable diseases, and farmers are reluctant to keep an eye on their crops when the region is enormous (acres). In agriculture, the diagnosis of plant diseases thus plays an important part. In order to achieve loss caused due to crop diseases which adversely affect crop quality and yield, timely and exact identification of diseases is necessary. Early identification and intervention will mitigate plant disease loss and excessive use of medicinal products. Previously, image recognition automatically detected plant disease. We propose machine learning mechanisms and image recognition methods for the identification and classification of diseases. Crop disease is detected in different processing phases including the collection of images, image pre- processing and the retrieval of images & classification of features. We can use global image extraction techniques for the extraction of image features.
Constellation Design for Memoryless Phase Noise Channels (2014)

In this paper, we optimize the constellation sets to be used in communication systems affected by phase noise. The main objective is to find the constellation which maximizes the channel mutual information under given power constraints. For any given constellation, the average mutual information (AMI) and the pragmatic average mutual information (PAMI) of the channel are calculated approximately, assuming that both the additive noise and phase noise are memoryless. Then, a simulated annealing algorithm is used to optimize the constellation. When the objective function is the PAMI, the proposed algorithm jointly optimizes the constellation and the binary labeling. We focus on constellations with 8, 16, 64 and 256 signals. The performances of the optimized constellations are compared with conventional constellations showing considerable gains in all system scenarios. In particular, it is shown that the optimized constellations are much more robust with respect to the changes in the phase noise characteristics than the phase shift keying (PSK) modulation and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).