gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification on Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) Scaffold. Discovery of Bile Acid Derivatives As Selective Agonists of Cell-Surface G-Protein Coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (GP-BAR1) (2014)

Bile acids are signaling molecules interacting with the nuclear receptor FXR and the G-protein coupled receptor 1 (GP-BAR1/TGR5). GP-BAR1 is a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of steatohepatitis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Endogenous bile acids and currently available semisynthetic bile acids are poorly selective toward GP-BAR1 and FXR. Thus, in the present study we have investigated around the structure of UDCA, a clinically used bile acid devoid of FXR agonist activity, to develop a large family of side chain modified 3α,7β-dihydroxyl cholanoids that selectively activate GP-BAR1. In vivo and in vitro pharmacological evaluation demonstrated that administration of compound 16 selectively increases the expression of pro-glucagon 1, a GP-BAR1 target, in the small intestine, while it had no effect on FXR target genes in the liver. Further, compound 16 results in a significant reshaping of bile acid pool in a rodent model of cholestasis. These data demonstrate that UDCA is a useful scaffold to generate novel and selective steroidal ligands for GP-BAR1.
Highly sensitive positive resist based on vinyl ether chemistry (1995)

A new positive resist composed of a bifunctional vinyl ether monomer as crosslinker and a photoacid generator and an acidic base resin was investigated. This resist system utilizes the unique reaction of the vinyl ether monomer; the vinyl ether forms crosslinks of base resins by prebaking and the crosslinks are decoupled by acidolytic reaction via generation of an acid upon exposure. In order to investigate the lithographic properties for x-ray lithography, effects of crosslinker concentration and process conditions on the resist were evaluated. The resist has a high sensitivity of 35 mJ/cm2 and a high gamma value of 10. A good profile for 0.3 μm lines and spaces patterns is obtained. Furthermore, it is found that this resist system has high thermal resistance up to 180 °C against both pattern deformation and resist thickness loss.
<title>Registration and fusion of multispectral images using a new control point assessment method derived from optical flow ideas</title> (1999)

A new method of automatically determining control points for registration and fusion of multispectral images is presented. This method was motivated by the question of whether it is possible to computationally assess the quality of optical flow estimates at various points throughout the image without knowing the true flow field. Somewhat surprisingly the answer is yes and is determined by the norm of the least squares operator associated with the (windowed) optical flow equations. This approach has several advantages. First it shows the danger of using the condition number of the optical flow equations to measure the reliability of the computed flow. Second the method isolates points in the image corresponding to maximum reliability. These points in turn can be used as control points for registration and fusion without actually computing the optical flow and indeed only require a single frame for computation. Since this computation only requires a few operations per pixel it is very fast. The control points are defined as the minima of the norm of the least squares operator and as such enjoy a great deal of invariance with respect to the regional intensity changes seen in multispectral images. For this reason they are ideal for multispectral registration. A multiscale version of this method has been developed that allows a coarse to fine control point decomposition for suppressing the negative effects of noise and clutter. Various applications are presented demonstrating the utility of this approach for real world images including multispectral satellite images and dual spectral IR image sequences. For the latter sequence we were able to obtain subpixel motion estimates that were accurate to within one percent of the true motion.
From Quantification to Visualization: A Taxonomy of Uncertainty Visualization Approaches (2012)

Quantifying uncertainty is an increasingly important topic across many domains. The uncertainties present in data come with many diverse representations having originated from a wide variety of disciplines. Communicating these uncertainties is a task often left to visualization without clear connection between the quantification and visualization. In this paper, we first identify frequently occurring types of uncertainty. Second, we connect those uncertainty representations to ones commonly used in visualization. We then look at various approaches to visualizing this uncertainty by partitioning the work based on the dimensionality of the data and the dimensionality of the uncertainty. We also discuss noteworthy exceptions to our taxonomy along with future research directions for the uncertainty visualization community.
Relationship of CD62E+microparticles level with degree of severity, prognosis and vascular risk factors in patients with acute cerebral infarction (2014)

Objective To explore the level of CD62E+ endothelial microparticles in acute cerebral infarction patients and its relationship with vascular risk factors,degree of severity and prognosis.Methods Seventy patients with acute cerebral infarction and 70 non-cerebral infarction patients (controls),admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to September 2013,were selected in our study; U.S.national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) was performed to evaluate the degree of severity; Barthel index (BI) was used to evaluate the prognosis; the levels of blood lipids,blood glucose,uric acid,fibrinogen (FIB),homocysteine (Hcy),C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) were routinely measured; CD62E+ levels were detected by flow cytometry,and the relationships of CD62E+ level with vascular risk factors,degree of disease and prognosis were analyzed.Results The blood CD62E+ level of patients with acute cerebral infarction ([1.55 ±0.67]microparticle/μL) was significantly higher than that in the control group ([1.01 ±0.66] microparticle/μL,P＜0.05); CD62E+ level in patients with NIHSS scores＞5 ([2.03±0.61] microparticle/μL) was significantly higher than that in patients with NIHSS scores ≤ 5 ([1.25±0.37] microparticle/μL,P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that CD62E+ level was significantly correlated with the stroke severity (NHISS scores,r=0.537,P=0.000) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) level (r=0.327,P=0.006),and negatively correlated with prognosis indicator (r=-0.634,P=0.000); other factors showed no significant correlation.Conclusion CD62E+ microparticle can reflect the severity and prognosis of acute brain infarction,and it may be an important biological marker for clinical application.Besides,the correlation between Lp-PLA2 and CD62E+ means that the level ofCD62E+ micro particles is associated with the stability of athemsclerotic plaques.

Key words: 
Acute cerebral infarction;  Endothelial microparticles;  CD62E+;  Degree of severity;  Prognosis;  Risk factor
Division algorithms and implementations (1997)

Many algorithms have been developed for implementing division in hardware. These algorithms differ in many aspects, including quotient convergence rate, fundamental hardware primitives, and mathematical formulations. The paper presents a taxonomy of division algorithms which classifies the algorithms based upon their hardware implementations and impact on system design. Division algorithms can be divided into five classes: digit recurrence, functional iteration, very high radix, table look-up, and variable latency. Many practical division algorithms are hybrids of several of these classes. These algorithms are explained and compared. It is found that, for low-cost implementations where chip area must be minimized, digit recurrence algorithms are suitable. An implementation of division by functional iteration can provide the lowest latency for typical multiplier latencies. Variable latency algorithms show promise for simultaneously minimizing average latency while also minimizing area.
Noncovalent Functionalization of Disentangled Boron Nitride Nanotubes with Flavin Mononucleotides for Strong and Stable Visible-Light Emission in Aqueous Solution (2011)

Strong and stable visible-light-emitting boron nitride nanotube (BNNT)/biomolecule nanohybrids were successfully fabricated via noncovalent functionalization of BNNTs with flavin mononucleotides (FMN). Atomic force microscopy showed excellent dispersion of the nanohybrids in aqueous solution. Infrared absorption spectroscopy revealed strong π-π stacking interactions between FMN and BNNT sidewalls. Importantly, the fluorescence spectra revealed that the nanohybrids were highly fluorescent in the visible-light spectral range. Moreover, this fluorescence had unique pH-dependent and thermally stable properties. These nanohybrids might be used to construct novel fluorescence imaging probes that function over a wide pH and temperature range.
Selection of Radial Basis Functions via Genetic Algorithms in Pattern Recognition Problems (2008)

The mixed use of different shapes of radial basis functions (RBFs) in RBF Networks is investigated in this paper. For this purpose, we propose the use of the q-Gaussian function, which reproduces different RBFs by changing a real parameter q, in RBF Networks. In the proposed methodology, the centers of the radial units are determined by the k-means algorithm. Then, a Genetic Algorithm is employed to select the number of hidden neurons, type and width of each RBF associated with each radial unit. In order to test the performance of the proposed methodology, an experimental study with two pattern recognition problems is presented. The RBF Network with the q-Gaussian RBF is compared to RBF Networks with Gaussian, Cauchy, and Inverse Multiquadratic RBFs.
Phenology of desert shrubs in southern Nye County, Nevada (1980)

This study was done to document the variability in time of phenological events at different locations on the Nevada Test Site. Phenological events for desert shrubs were recorded, and rainfall and temperature data were gathered for four to six years at eight sites that are located within the northern Mojave Desert, the southern Great Basin Desert, and the transitional zone between them. Results have been graphically displayed to show the variability in phenological activity encountered during the study period and also to show the general correlation between these events and the environmental regime that triggered a particular phenological stage among different species. For a given location a four-to-six-week range in beginning events from year to year was common. In addition to the usual spring activity that normally followed winter rain and snow, most shrub species resumed new growth, and six species were observed to flower and fruit following rare summer or early fall rains. In comparison to surrounding locations, the closed drainage basins within the study area have lower temperatures at night that result in a delay of phenological events in most shrubs.
Ferromagnetic materials in patients: detection before MR imaging. (1985)

A number of surgical clips and other metallic materials embedded within patients have ferromagnetic properties that present a potential hazard when in the strong fields associated with magnetic resonance imaging. Several types of magnetometers and metal detectors were investigated as possible pre-imaging screening devices. The sensitivities and costs of these devices are given.
Restoration of peripheral immune homeostasis after rituximab in mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (2008)

Rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has been used to treat autoimmune disorders such as mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). However, its mechanisms of action as well as the effects on cellular immunity remain poorly defined. We investigated the changes of peripheral blood B- and T-cell subsets, the clonal VH1-69 cells, as well as the cytokine profile following rituximab therapy. The study involved 21 patients with hepatitis C-related MC who received rituximab, of whom 14 achieved a complete response. Compared with healthy and hepatitis C virus (HCV) controls, pretreatment abnormalities in MC patients included a decreased percentage of naive B cells (P < .05) and CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (P = .02) with an increase in memory B cells (P = .03) and plasmablasts (P < .05). These abnormalities were reverted at 12 months after rituximab. Clonal VH1-69(+) B cells dramatically decreased following treatment (32% +/- 6% versus 8% +/- 2%, P = .01). Complete responders of rituximab exhibited an expansion of regulatory T cells (P < .01) accompanied with a decrease in CD8(+) T-cell activation (P < .01) and decreased production of interleukin 12 (IL-12; P = .02) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; P = .01). Our findings indicate that in patients with MC, response to B-cell depletion induced by rituximab effectively normalizes many of the disturbances in peripheral B- and T-lymphocyte homeostasis.
Emotion and Decision Making (2014)

A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes beneficial drivers of decision making. Across different domains, important regularities appear in the mechanisms through which emotions influence judgments and choices. We organize and analyze what has been learned from the past 35 years of work on emotion and decision making. In so doing, we propose the emotion-imbued choice model, which accounts for inputs from traditional rational choice theory and from newer emotion research, synthesizing scientific models.
PULSE BROADENING IN A MHD COPPER VAPOR LASER (1968)

Stimulated emission has been observed from an electrically accelerated copper plasma at 5106 and 5782 Å in a device employing a series of plasma guns which inject the vapor into the laser resonator. In addition to facilitating room temperature operation of a copper laser, this technique provides a flowing active medium which has extended the pulse duration by more than four-fold over that originating from a stationary vapor.
Fingerprint recognition using principal Gabor basis function (2002)

Based on the Gabor transform, we propose a unified viewpoint for fingerprint image representation and recognition. In a local fingerprint image, we demonstrate that inter-ridge distances and ridge directions can be obtained by the principal Gabor basis function (GBF) directly. In addition, according to the locations of principal GBF on the spatial-frequency plane, the similarities of two local ridge structures can be measured easily. As compared with the global Gabor-based approach, the proposed method not only saves memory space, but also reaches a higher recognition rate.
New Pharmacological Perspectives and Therapeutic Potential of PPAR-&#947; Agonists (2004)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily has classically been characterized for its implications in adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism. Recently, PPARgamma has been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammatory and immune responses possibly through inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways or the activation of the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). Thus, these agents might also have therapeutic potential in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The synthetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a novel class of insulin-sensitizing drugs, were the first class of compounds identified as PPARgamma ligands, and represent a significant advance in anti-diabetic therapy. However, there is less information about endogenous ligands, although the prostaglandin (PG)J(2) and the oxidized phosphatidylcholine have been suggested. Furthermore, PPARgamma ligands have been shown to be potent inhibitors of angiogenesis, a process necessary for tumor growth and metastasis, and protect against cellular transformation. Further work is needed to establish in detail the anti-proliferative and pro-differentiation mechanisms of PPARgamma activators and their efficacy in certain cancers.
Slices Isolator for a Virtualized Openflow Node (2011)

Virtualization is emerging as a key mechanism of scaling the infrastructure and facilitating service deployment for future Internet. Network virtualization provides the ability to slice larger, underutilized physical nodes into smaller, virtual ones. To ensure deterministic performance, guaranteed QoS, and independent behavior, virtual nodes have to be properly isolated. However, a high isolation can have an important impact on the node performance and configuration flexibility. This paper investigates the problem of isolation between the slices of a virtualized switch. Our approach consists on adapting isolation to the desired performance and flexibility while ensuring fairness between the slice. Based on that approach, we developed a model that provide the choice between several levels of isolation. Each level corresponds to one or more resources. We implemented this model for a virtualized Open Flow 1.1 switch. We propose a utility-based evaluation balancing performance and flexibility that provide the adapted isolation level to the required demand. This model gives preference to the user to have isolation with a higher flexibility or lower overhead. Our analysis also shows that the overhead and the resource consumption of the isolation is reduced while remaining flexible and dynamic.
Age-related working memory impairments in children with prefrontal dysfunction associated with phenylketonuria (2002)

The prefrontal cortex of the brain has been shown to play a crucial role in working memory, and age-related changes in prefrontal function may contribute to the improvements in working memory that are observed during childhood. We examined the developmental trajectory of working memory in school-age children with early-treated phenylketonuria (PKU), a metabolic disorder that results in prefrontal dysfunction. Using a recognition procedure, we evaluated working memory for letters, abstract objects, and spatial locations in 20 children with PKU and 20 typically developing control children. Children in both groups ranged from 6 to 17 years of age. Our findings revealed poorer performance across all three types of materials for children with PKU. In addition, there was a significant difference in the developmental trajectory of working memory for children with PKU as compared with controls. Specifically, deficits were not apparent in younger children with PKU. Instead, deficits were observed only in older children, suggesting the presence of a developmental deficit rather than a developmental delay in the working memory of children with PKU.
Damage to Biological Materials During Ink-Jet Printing (2007)

Ink-jet printing has excited much interest in recent years as a mechanism for depositing biological materials such as enzymes, growth factors, DNA arrays and living cells. These materials are considerably more complex than traditional materials used in inkjet systems. They have much higher molecular weights than conventional inks or are living organisms and must retain biological functionality after printing. A number of research groups have already reported their findings in this area and there are some conflicting results e.g. whether protein enzymatic activity is reduced by ink-jet printing and whether cells retain identical viability after printing. Part of this uncertainty has come about because many prior studies have not published sufficient data to allow a thorough statistical analysis.In this study we present results from systematic studies of damage to mammalian cells after piezoelectric ink-jet printing comparing data from sarcoma derived human fibroblast 1080, primary human osteoblasts and primary bovine chondrocytes. Experimental data has been used in a full statistical analysis to determine the cell survival rates post-printing and the viability of surviving cells, compared to control populations that have not been printed. In all cases cell death rates post-printing are very low but cell death is seen to increase with increasing voltage applied to the piezoelectric actuator. However, the viability of cells that survive the printing process are unaffected by printing conditions.
Modelling and control of the longitudinal and lateral dynamics of a series hybrid vehicle (2002)

This paper presents models and control structures for series hybrid drive trains. For the longitudinal dynamics of the series hybrid drive train, models of different components are introduced. On the basis of these models, control structures for the different subsystems are presented. Selected simulations show the potential of these control structures. As for the lateral dynamics, the potential to influence the vehicle dynamics by electric single-wheel motors is also investigated. For this purpose, an extended single-track model and approaches to the robust control of vehicle dynamics are used. Side-wind tests are presented as well as a hardware-in-the-loop testbed for the series hybrid drive train.
A dice game in third person augmented reality (2004)

We describe a prototype entertainment application of the augmented-reality toolkit based on a fantasy dice game. Two players roll dice bearing glyphs that are interpreted by a computer, which provides graphical and auditory feedback. Our prototype uses entirely consumer-grade equipment: a USB Webcam, a projector, and a 2 GHz desktop with 5.1 surround speakers. Unlike many AR-Toolkit applications, our players are not encumbered by head-mounted displays. Face-to-face gameplay, integrated with the physicality of a traditional dice game, display results on a shared projection screen from a third-person point-of-view. This combination of elements provides a unique application of AR-Toolkit for merging the spectacle of modern video games with a tangible interface.
Decubitus ulcers: preventive techniques for the elderly patient. (1985)

The at-risk older patient must immediately be placed on a supersoft support, with heels protected with sheepskin boots. If reddened skin is found the next morning, the patient must be turned to a 30 degrees-oblique position on alternate sides every 2 hours. Any condition that greatly decreases frequency of involuntary movement or lowers critical arteriolar closing pressure is a risk factor. Without intervention, the probability that immobile patients will develop decubitus ulcers is 100%.
The NetLogger methodology for high performance distributed systems performance analysis (2002)

We describe a methodology that enables the real-time diagnosis of performance problems in complex high-performance distributed systems. The methodology includes tools for generating precision event logs that can be used to provide detailed end-to-end application and system level monitoring; a Java agent-based system for managing the large amount of logging data; and tools for visualizing the log data and real-time state of the distributed system. We developed these tools for analyzing a high-performance distributed system centered around the transfer of large amounts of data at high speeds from a distributed storage server to a remote visualization client. However this methodology should be generally applicable to any distributed system. This methodology called NetLogger has proven invaluable for diagnosing problems in networks and in distributed systems code. This approach is novel in that it combines network, host, and application-level monitoring, providing a complete view of the entire system.