gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ATP Depletion Triggers Acute Myeloid Leukemia Differentiation through an ATR/Chk1 Protein-dependent and p53 Protein-independent Pathway (2012)

Despite advances in oncology drug development, most commonly used cancer therapeutics exhibit serious adverse effects. Often the toxicities of chemotherapeutics are due to the induction of significant DNA damage that is necessary for their ability to kill cancer cells. In some clinical situations, the direct induction of significant cytotoxicity is not a requirement to meet clinical goals. For example, differentiation, growth arrest, and/or senescence is a valuable outcome in some cases. In fact, in the case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the use of the differentiation agent all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has revolutionized the therapy for a subset of leukemia patients and led to a dramatic survival improvement. Remarkably, this therapeutic approach is possible even in many elderly patients, who would not be able to tolerate therapy with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Because of the success of ATRA, there is widespread interest in identifying differentiation strategies that may be effective for the 90-95% of AML patients who do not clinically respond to ATRA. Utilizing an AML differentiation agent that is in development, we found that AML differentiation can be induced through ATP depletion and the subsequent activation of DNA damage signaling through an ATR/Chk1-dependent and p53-independent pathway. This study not only reveals mechanisms of AML differentiation but also suggests that further investigation is warranted to investigate the potential clinical use of low dose chemotherapeutics to induce differentiation instead of cytotoxicity. This therapeutic approach may be of particular benefit to patients, such as elderly AML patients, who often cannot tolerate traditional AML chemotherapy.
Diastereoselective Total Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Epolactaene (2002)

A stereocontrolled total synthesis of both the (+)- and (-)-epolactaene ((+)- and (-)-1) enantiomers from tetrahydropyran-2-ol is described. The following reactions in this synthesis are particularly noteworthy: (1) the stereoselective construction of the conjugated (E,E,E)-triene by a combination of kinetic deprotonation and thermodynamic equilibration, (2) the E-selective Knoevenagel condensation of beta-ketonitrile 33 with a chiral 2-alkoxyaldehyde, (3) a diastereoselective epoxidation achieved using a bulky nucleophile (TrOOLi) and an appropriate protecting group, (4) the mild hydrolysis of an alpha-epoxy nitrile by silica gel on TLC facilitated by hydroxyl-mediated, intramolecular assistance.
Evidence-based evaluation of immunomodulatory therapy for the cutaneous manifestations of lupus. (2004)

This literature review revealed an unexpected paucity of data derived from adequately powered, randomized, controlled trials to guide evidence-based treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of lupus. Lupus erythematosus is characterized by spontaneous fluctuations in disease activity. This characteristic may serve to explain some of the contradictions in published evidence and cautions us not to rely too heavily on data derived from inadequately powered studies, small uncontrolled case series, or individual case reports, which are additionally subject to publication bias. Clearly, there is a pressing need to conduct adequately powered clinical research studies to fill these gaps in our knowledge. There also is a need for controlled trials to assess drug safety in patients with SLE. Much of the data regarding side-effect profiles of the immunomodulatory drugs has been compiled in patients receiving organ transplantation or chemotherapy for malignant diseases and extrapolated to patients with lupus. Given that there is often a substantial overlap in symptoms related to drug toxicity and to lupus erythematosus, careful studies should be conducted to assess the safety and toxicities of both established and newer medical therapies, especially those whose efficacy is supported only by small trials and case reports. Table 4 summarizes the results of our literature review. For each drug, we give the highest level of data we found, both for the treatment of lupus erythematosus in general and for the treatment of the cutaneous manifestation of lupus in particular.
Glucosamine Supplementation Demonstrates a Negative Effect on Intervertebral Disc Matrix in an Animal Model of Disc Degeneration (2013)

These data demonstrate that the net effect on matrix in an animal model in vivo, as measured by gene expression, magnetic resonance imaging, histology, and total proteoglycan is antianabolic. This raises concern about this commonly used supplement, and future research is needed to establish the clinical relevance of these findings.
Formation of High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconducting BiSrCaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>x</sub> Films on ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Si(100) (1988)

High- T c superconducting BiSrCaCu 2 O x films have been successfully prepared on Si(100) wafer coated with epitaxially grown tetragonal ZrO 2 as a buffer layer. The films have been formed by pyrolysis of 2-ethylhexanoates. Regarding superconducting features, T c (onset) observed is 97 K and T c (end) is 50 K. From the X-ray diffraction patterns, the c -axis of the superconducting crystal phase mostly orients perpendicular to the substrate. These present results seem to prove the usefulness of ZrO 2 layer on Si for the further application of high- T c oxide films for a part of sophisticated electronics devices.
High Aspect Ratio Sub‐15 nm Silicon Trenches From Block Copolymer Templates (2012)

High-aspect-ratio sub-15-nm silicon trenches are fabricated directly from plasma etching of a block copolymer mask. A novel method that combines a block copolymer reconstruction process and reactive ion etching is used to make the polymer mask. Silicon trenches are characterized by various methods and used as a master for subsequent imprinting of different materials. Silicon nanoholes are generated from a block copolymer with cylindrical microdomains oriented normal to the surface.
Using a clone genealogy extractor for understanding and supporting evolution of code clones (2005)

Programmers often create similar code snippets or reuse existing code snippets by copying and pasting. Code clones---syntactically and semantically similar code snippets---can cause problems during software maintenance because programmers may need to locate code clones and change them consistently. In this work, we investigate (1) how code clones evolve, (2) how many code clones impose maintenance challenges, and (3) what kind of tool or engineering process would be useful for maintaining code clones.Based on a formal definition of clone evolution, we built a clone genealogy tool that automatically extracts the history of code clones from a source code repository (CVS). Our clone genealogy tool enables several analyses that reveal evolutionary characteristics of code clones. Our initial results suggest that aggressive refactoring may not be the best solution for all code clones; thus, we propose alternative tool solutions that assist in maintaining code clones using clone genealogy information.
Closing the Gap between Best Practice Guidelines and Implementation - Collaboration is the Key (2001)

Working together, the Gastroenterological Society of Australia and Med-E-Serv have developed a model for bridging the gap between guideline development and implementation of best practice in the general practice setting. The platform for most of the implementation of the project is the Internet, although both on-line and off-line elements are encompassed by the project. Although the project is only a few months into a two year cycle, the presentation will outline the model for collaboration, the early achievements and the anticipated future achievements of the collaboration.
Introduction (2016)

Abstract This introduction to the book sets out the core research questions of the book arguing that the economic crisis has seemingly had a major impact on young people’s experiences of growing up around the world and this book sets out on a quest of trying to see how these changes are experienced in different parts of the world and how have different states responded. This introduction also sets out the rational for the case study methodology and explains the reasons for choosing the particular countries used as a focus to the analysis. It concludes with an overview of the different chapters that follow.
GaAs rib-waveguide directional-coupler switch with Schottky barriers (1978)

A new type of GaAs electro-optic directional-coupler switch for monolithic integrated optics has been proposed and demonstrated. The devices were fabricated from a pair of closely spaced low-loss (α ≈ 2.2 dB/cm at 1.15 μm) single-mode rib waveguides with Au Schottky barriers. A 30 dB extinction ratio in the input channel was measured at a reverse-bias voltage of 24 V and the switches have a potential bandwidth of 2 GHz.
Examination of dividends in restaurant industry using Heckman regression (2016)

Despite the critical nature of determining the amount of a dividend, most hospitality literature has focused on predicting a decision for issuing a dividend. This research employs the Heckman regression to identify whether or not a decision is likely to occur and the size of the dividend. The study period was 2000-2012, and the results indicate that two decision making processes, return on assets (ROA) and firm size, or previous period’s dividend, are common determinants for both predicting a dividend and the scale of the dividend. This research also verified that liquidity accounted for the size of a dividend. The study contributes to the literature of the restaurant industry by further clarifying the decision-making processes for determining dividends.
Effects of asymmetric power change on BER performanceusing midway optical phase conjugation for fadingcancellation in 60 GHz millimetre-wave optical DSB signaltransmission over 100 km non-dispersion-shifted fibre (1999)

An experimental observation is reported on the effects of an asymmetric power change along an optical fibre with respect to the optical phase conjugator position on the bit error rate (BER) performance in a midway optical phase conjugation (OPC) system. The system is applied to received RF power fading cancellation in 60 GHz subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) optical double sideband (DSB) signal transmission system over 100 km of non-dispersion-shifted fibre.
Comparative genomics and evolution of trans-activating RNAs in Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems (2018)

Trans-activating CRISPR (tracr) RNA is a distinct RNA species that interacts with the CRISPR (cr) RNA to form the dual guide (g) RNA in type II and subtype V-B CRISPR-Cas systems. The tracrRNA-crRNA interaction is essential for pre-crRNA processing as well as target recognition and cleavage. The tracrRNA consists of an antirepeat, which forms an imperfect hybrid with the repeat in the crRNA, and a distal region containing a Rho-independent terminator. Exhaustive comparative analysis of the sequences and predicted structures of the Class 2 CRISPR guide RNAs shows that all these guide RNAs share distinct structural features, in particular, the nexus stem-loop that separates the repeat-antirepeat hybrid from the distal portion of the tracrRNA and the conserved GU pair at that end of the hybrid. These structural constraints might ensure full exposure of the spacer for target recognition. Reconstruction of tracrRNA evolution for 4 tight bacterial groups demonstrates random drift of repeat-antirepeat complementarity within a window of hybrid stability that is, apparently, maintained by selection. An evolutionary scenario is proposed whereby tracrRNAs evolved on multiple occasions, via rearrangement of a CRISPR array to form the antirepeat in different locations with respect to the array. A functional tracrRNA would form if, in the new location, the antirepeat is flanked by sequences that meet the minimal requirements for a promoter and a Rho-independent terminator. Alternatively, or additionally, the antirepeat sequence could be occasionally 'reset' by recombination with a repeat, restoring the functionality of tracrRNAs that drift beyond the required minimal hybrid stability.
MicroRNA Analysis: Is It Ready for Prime Time? (2012)

Since their discovery, microRNAs (miRNAs)20 have shown great promise in a wide array of clinical applications. In some cases, the use of miRNAs as new diagnostic markers might help answer diagnostic dilemmas that gene expression analyses or other types of analyses have not been able to satisfactorily address. In other instances, it is easy to perceive certain miRNAs as targets for novel therapies that downregulate an entire pathway via the targeting of a single miRNA. When and if this concept will come to fruition remain unclear. Scientists agree that this field of biology is exciting, offers much promise, and has numerous advantages, compared with experiences with other biomolecules. In this Q&A, 5 individuals with extensive miRNA experience share their vision for where the miRNA field is heading and whether we, in the clinical laboratory, will experience its implications soon.

What are the most important characteristics of miRNAs that increase their potential as novel diagnostic or therapeutic targets? 

George Calin: One important characteristic of miRNAs that makes them an exciting potential biomarker for diagnosis and/or a target for therapy is the fact that specific miRNAs target multiple components from the same pathway. For example, the miR-15a/16–1 cluster targets genes from the apoptotic pathway: BCL2 21 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) and MCL1 [myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 ( BCL2 -related)]. Any given miRNA can regulate numerous genes, and each gene can be regulated by different miRNAs.



Pierre Cordelier: In cancer research, miRNAs can differentiate normal from cancerous tissues and, more importantly, can discriminate different subtypes of cancer. The high stability of miRNAs in tissues and fluids is another key advantage that increases their potential as diagnostic markers over messenger RNA (mRNA). In addition, they can be quantified in very low amounts of material and in highly degraded samples. This is of prime importance …
Characterization of naturally developing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in 16 German Shepherd Dogs (1994)

Sixteen German Shepherd Dogs were found, via quantitative microbial culture of intestinal fluid samples, to have small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (IBO) over an 11-month period. All dogs were deficient in serum IgA. Consistent clinical signs suggestive of an alimentary tract disorder were not observed. Serum cobalamin determinations were not helpful in detecting IBO. Serum folate concentrations had variable sensitivity and specificity for detecting dogs from which we could culture > or = 1 x 10(5) bacterial/ml from intestinal fluid samples in the nonfed state. Histologic and intestinal mucosal cytologic examinations were not useful in detecting IBO. Substantial within-dog and between-dog variation was found in the numbers and species of bacteria in the intestines. The difficulty in diagnosing IBO, the variability in organisms found in individual dogs on repeated sampling, the likelihood that intestinal fluid microbial cultures failed to diagnose IBO in some dogs, and the potential of IBO to be clinically inapparent were the most important findings in this study.
Optimized image super-resolution based on sparse representation (2012)

This paper presents a new approach to image superresolution based on sparse representation. This problem is formulated as a compressive sensing system, in which an over-complete dictionary is used to sparsely represent a low resolution image and generate a high resolution image. We propose a method to adaptively construct training images by selecting the most correlative images based on scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT). In this way, the sampling and dictionary training process is accelerated and optimized. In comparison with the existing approaches, experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing benchmark in terms of both super-resolution quality and the processing time, which makes the propose method suitable for practical applications.
Strain relaxation of SiGe islands on compliant oxide (2002)

The relaxation of patterned, compressively strained, epitaxial Si0.7Ge0.3 films transferred to borophosphorosilicate (BPSG) glass by a wafer-bonding and etch-back technique was studied as an approach for fabricating defect-free Si1−xGex relaxed films. Both the desired in-plane expansion and undesired buckling of the films concurrently contribute to the relaxation. Their relative role in the relaxation process was examined experimentally and by modeling. Using x-ray diffraction, Raman scattering and atomic force microscopy, the dynamics of in-plane expansion and buckling of Si0.7Ge0.3 islands for island sizes ranging from 10 μm×10 μm to 200 μm×200 μm for anneal temperatures between 750 and 800 °C was investigated. Lateral relaxation is favored in small and thick islands, and buckling is initially dominant in large and thin islands. Raising the temperature to lower viscosity of the oxide enhances the rate of both processes equally. For very long annealing times, however, the buckling disappeared, allowing larger, flat, and relaxed islands to be achieved. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observation on a relaxed Si0.70Ge0.30 island revealed no dislocations, confirming that SiGe relaxation on BPSG is a good approach to achieve high quality relaxed SiGe.
In-Situ Studies of Structure Development during Deformation of a Segmented Poly(urethane−urea) Elastomer (2003)

The structural development of a segmented poly(urethane−urea) (PUU) elastomer containing a low concentration of hard segment during deformation was studied by simultaneous mechanical and optical measurements (rheooptical techniques). Specifically, in-situ wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation and time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to investigate the segmental orientation of PUU chains during cyclic elongation and recovery. Formation of two different domain microstructures is characterized with changes in strain. These microstructures consist of lamellar hard domains and highly stressed nanofibrils consisting of alternating hard and crystalline soft domains. By comparing the X-ray scattering and vibrational spectroscopic data, a morphological model of hard- and soft-segment microphase separation, orientation, and strain-induced crystallization in the soft segments was obtained.
Leptospiral Outer Membrane Protein LipL41 Is Not Essential for Acute Leptospirosis but Requires a Small Chaperone Protein, Lep, for Stable Expression (2013)

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp., but knowledge of leptospiral pathogenesis remains limited. However, the development of mutagenesis systems has allowed the investigation of putative virulence factors and their involvement in leptospirosis. LipL41 is the third most abundant lipoprotein found in the outer membranes of pathogenic leptospires and has been considered a putative virulence factor. LipL41 is encoded on the large chromosome 28 bp upstream of a small open reading frame encoding a hypothetical protein of unknown function. This gene was named lep, for LipL41 expression partner. In this study, lipL41 was found to be cotranscribed with lep. Two transposon mutants were characterized: a lipL41 mutant and a lep mutant. In the lep mutant, LipL41 protein levels were reduced by approximately 90%. Lep was shown through cross-linking and coexpression experiments to bind to LipL41. Lep is proposed to be a molecular chaperone essential for the stable expression of LipL41. The roles of LipL41 and Lep in the pathogenesis of Leptospira interrogans were investigated; surprisingly, neither of these two unique proteins was essential for acute leptospirosis.
Temperaturabhängigkeit der Selektivität von Halogenüberträgern XCCI3 (1977)

Perhalogenmethane wie BrCCl3 und CCl4 sind beliebte Halogenierungsreagentien. Jetzt wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Stereoselektivität für die Halogenübertragung von XCCl3 auf das Norbornyl-Radikal (1) gemessen. Die isoselektive Temperatur beträgt 90°C.
qPCR Analysis and RNAi Define Pharyngeal Gland Cell-Expressed Genes of <i>Heterodera glycines</i> Required for Initial Interactions with the Host (2007)

Changes in transcript abundance of genes expressed in the three pharyngeal gland cells of Heterodera glycines after host invasion were monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the consequences of disrupting their expression studied by RNAi treatment prior to invasion. Two transcripts were known to be expressed in the two subventral gland cells (hg-pel and hg-eng-1), a further two in the single dorsal gland cell only (hg-gp and hg-syv46), and a fifth transcript (hg-cm) was expressed by both gland cell types. The qPCR study established that transcripts of hg-syv46 and hg-gp increased in abundance by 2 days postinfection (dpi), with the former remaining the most abundant. The hg-cm transcript level showed minor changes from 0 to 14 dpi but did fall by 21 dpi. In contrast, hg-eng-1 and hg-eng-2 messenger (m)RNA declined by 7 dpi and hg-pel by 14 dpi before it increased at 21 dpi. RNAi-targeting of hg-eng-1 reduced the number of females present on the plants at 10 days. Targeting of hg-gp, hg-cm, and hg-pel caused a change in sexual fate favoring male development on roots. Both effects were evident after targeting hg-syv46. Suppression of hg-eng-1 mRNA levels in second-stage juveniles (J2i) by RNAi was transient, with a recovery by 15 days of incubation in water after treatment. Presoaking H. glycines J2 with double-stranded RNA has value for studying gene function during the nematode's early interaction with a plant.
The Rev. William Bedford (1934)

The Rev. William Bedford Get access X. Y. Z. X. Y. Z. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CLXVI, Issue may19, 19 May 1934, Page 353, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CLXVI.may19.353a Published: 19 May 1934