gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of fibroblast growth factor 2 expression by antisense RNA induced a loss of the transformed phenotype in a human hepatoma cell line. (1995)

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2 or basic FGF) is associated with the cell-transformed phenotype. To clarify the function of FGF-2 in the malignancy of tumor cells, we designed experiments to express antisense RNA in a hepatoma cell line. Using FGF-2 mRNA, alternative initiations of translation at one AUG and three CUG start codons led to the synthesis of four isoforms. SK-Hep1 cells, which naturally produce the four FGF-2 proteins, were stably transfected with expression vectors that generate antisense RNAs targeted against different sites of human FGF-2 mRNA. A variable decrease of all of the isoforms of FGF-2 synthesis was observed compared with the control: the strongest inhibition was obtained with the smaller antisense targeted against AUG codon. Our results clearly demonstrated that inhibition of FGF-2 expression led to a loss of anchorage independence in soft agar. This effect was not reversed by adding exogenous FGF-2, indicating that an intracrine process of FGF-2 probably is involved in the phenotypic changes of SK-Hep1 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of FGF-2 synthesis was correlated with a loss of tumorigenicity in nude mice. These results clearly argue for a key role of endogenous FGF-2 in transformation and tumorigenesis of the hepatoma cell line used in this study.
Supporting Keyword Search for Image Retrieval with Integration of Probabilistic Annotation (2015)

The ever-increasing quantities of digital photo resources are annotated with enriching vocabularies to form semantic annotations. Photo-sharing social networks have boosted the need for efficient and intuitive querying to respond to user requirements in large-scale image collections. In order to help users formulate efficient and effective image retrieval, we present a novel integration of a probabilistic model based on keyword query architecture that models the probability distribution of image annotations: allowing users to obtain satisfactory results from image retrieval via the integration of multiple annotations. We focus on the annotation integration step in order to specify the meaning of each image annotation, thus leading to the most representative annotations of the intent of a keyword search. For this demonstration, we show how a probabilistic model has been integrated to semantic annotations to allow users to intuitively define explicit and precise keyword queries in order to retrieve satisfactory image results distributed in heterogeneous large data sources. Our experiments on SBU (collected by Stony Brook University) database show that (i) our integrated annotation contains higher quality representatives and semantic matches; and (ii) the results indicating annotation integration can indeed improve image search result quality.
DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TRAUMA (1975)

Dimethyl sulfoxide has been tested in various experimental injuries of the central nervous system in relation to other therapies. It appears to be a useful drug in acute extradural mass-forming lesions, middle cerebral artery occlusion, respiratory anoxia, and spinal cord injuries, in rhesus and squirrel monkeys, dogs, and rats. The data from these studies suggest that in the experimental models used, DMSO is clearly superior to no treatment, and appears to be more generally effective than other comparable treatments. No satisfactory answer has yet been found to explain the beneficial effects of DMSO, but several hypothetical suggestions are offered; their validation hinges primarily on further confirmatory evidence. Further experiments with our present models and alternative research lines are discussed.
CCL27‐transgenic mice show enhanced contact hypers ensitivity to Th2, but not Th1 stimuli (2008)

CCL27 is one of the CC chemokines produced by epidermal keratinocytes and is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. To clarify the contribution of CCL27 in skin inflammation, we created transgenic C57BL/6 mice that constitutively produce CCL27 in epidermal keratinocytes. These mice had high serum CCL27 levels and did not show any phenotypical change. Thus we stimulated these mice with various reagents by single and repeated application. Interestingly, only contact hypersensitivity to repeated application with fluorescein isothiocyanate was significantly enhanced in transgenic mice compared to non-transgenic mice. Under this condition, the numbers of inflammatory cells, CCR10-positive cells, CCR4-positive cells and cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen-positive cells were increased, and IL-4 mRNA expression was higher in the lesional skin of transgenic mice. Increased number of mast cells and higher serum IgE levels, which were similar to atopic dermatitis, were also observed. These results indicated that CCL27 modified inflammation by attracting CCR10-positive and CCR4-positive cells into the lesional skin, and may participate in the pathogenesis of Th2-shifted skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
The Role of Central Conceptual Structures in the Development of Children's Thought (1996)

Robbie Case, Yukari Okamoto, Sharon Griffin, Anne McKeough, Charles Bleiker, Barbara Henderson, Kimberly Marra Stephenson, Robert S. Siegler, Daniel P. Keating, The Role of Central Conceptual Structures in the Development of Children's Thought, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 61, No. 1/2, The Role of Central Conceptual Structures in the Development of Children's Thought (1996), pp. i+iii-vi+1-295
nusB: a protein factor necessary for transcription antitermination in vitro by phage lambda N gene product. (1984)

We demonstrate that the protein product of the Escherichia coli nusB gene is essential for transcription antitermination in vitro by phage lambda N gene product. We recently have described a convenient biochemical assay for N protein activity in the S30-coupled transcription translation system and demonstrated that N action requires the 69-kDa L factor (nusA), the product of E. coli nusA gene. Using a complementation assay for the restoration of N activity specifically in the nusB mutant extract, we have purified the nusB complementing activity. This activity is due to a 15-kDa polypeptide that is overproduced in E. coli containing multiple copies of the nusB gene. We find that nusA and nusB are required for N activity to suppress a rho-dependent as well as a rho-independent terminator. The requirement for nusB protein in antitermination could not be overcome by an excess of nusA or N protein, nor could an excess of nusB overcome the requirements for nusA in antitermination. Our results suggest that the formation of an antitermination apparatus by N requires nusA and nusB proteins in equimolar amounts.
EPR spectra of photochemical nitrogen dioxide formation in monocyclic nitramines and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEPR spectra of photochemical nitrogen dioxide formation in monocyclic nitramines and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitaneMarvis D. PaceCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 15, 5858–5864Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100168a028https://doi.org/10.1021/j100168a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Simulation of a Flush Air-Data System for Transatmospheric Vehicles (2008)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Amaryllidaceae and Sceletium alkaloids (2003)

This review covers the isolation, biological activity and chemical synthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and the structurally related Sceletium alkaloids. The literature from July 2001 to the end of 2002 is reviewed, and 61 references are cited.
Identification of strengthening phases in Al-Cu-Li alloy Weldalite 049 (1989)

The tensile properties in the peak-strength T8 temper for Weldalite 049, a family of ultrahigh-strength weldable Al-Cu-Li-based alloys with a Li content ranging from 0 to 1.9 wt percent, are investigated, and strengthening precipitates at selected Li levels are identified. Relatively small amounts of Ag and Mg were found to be extremely effective in stimulating precipitation in Weldalite 049, resulting in a homogeneous distribution of fine, platelike precipitates with a 111-type habit plane in the peak-aged, T8 temper. The yield and tensile strengths are strongly dependent on Li content, with a peak in the range of 1.1 to 1.4 wt percent Li. At above 1.4 wt percent Li, strength decreases rapidly, which is associated with delta-prime precipitation. For high-resolution TEM, the structure of T(1)-type precipitates in Weldalite 049 is similar to that of T(1) platelets in 2090.
21+7 day versus 24+4 day monophasic regimens of combined oral contraceptives for contraception (2015)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The aim of this review is to compare the contraceptive effectiveness, bleeding pattern and discontinuation rate of monophasic 24 + 4 oral contraceptives (OCs) versus 21 + 7 OCs.
Receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase signalling in development (1999)

Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatases (RPTPs) belong to the superfamily of protein-tyrosine phosphatases and have the intrinsic ability to transduce signals across the cell membrane. We are beginning to understand the role of RPTPs in development of invertebrates, due to elegant genetic studies. In contrast, relatively little is known about the role of RPTPs in vertebrate development. Signalling by RPTPs has predominantly been studied in mammalian cell systems, which has led to important insights into potential ligands, into regulation of RPTP activity and into potential RPTP substrates. Here, we will introduce the RPTPs, and discuss the function of the LAR-subfamily of RPTPs. In addition, we focus on the function and signalling of the haematopoietic RPTP, CD45. Finally, we will discuss the structure and function of RPTPalpha, the RPTP that is the subject of our studies.
Biological control of insects: California's subtropical climate favors establishment of natural enemies of agricultural insect pests (1952)

One third of the 100 or so insects introduced successfully into the continental United States for biological control, are established in California.
Specific Heat of a Regenerator Material Er<sub>3</sub>Ni (1994)

Specific heat measurement was performed in the temperature range from 800 mK to 62 K on the regenerator material Er 3 Ni which is an antiferromagnet with a Néel temperature of 6.1 K and possesses a large volumetric heat capacity even at temperatures above T N . The magnetic contribution to the specific heat has been carefully divided into two parts, one of which is caused by entropy change due to the magnetic ordering and the other a contribution from higher energy level states (Schottky anomaly). The energy levels of the 4f electrons for Er 3+ were calculated using the point-charge model, and compared with the experimental data. The entropy change of the Schottky anomaly is large compared with that of magnetic ordering and important for the regenerator material.
Metabolic Changes in Thiobacillus denitrificans Accompanying the Transition from Aerobic to Anaerobic Growth in Continuous Chemostat Culture (1978)

Thiobacillus denitrificans grew exclusively aerobically in thiosulphate-limited chemostat culture at all dissolved oxygen concentrations between 12 and 216 μ m. Nitrate reduction did not occur in aerobic cultures and nitrate and nitrite reductases only reached high levels under complete anaerobiosis. Growth yield was greatest [11.50 g dry wt (mol thiosulphate oxidized)–1] at the lowest dissolved oxygen concentration (12 μ m) and decreased at higher dissolved oxygen concentrations, indicating oxygen to be a growth-inhibitory substrate; the anaerobic yield was only 77 % of the maximum aerobic yield (all tested at a dilution rate of 0.08 h–1) in agreement with thermodynamic calculations. Low activities of thiosulphate-oxidizing enzyme and sulphur-oxidizing enzyme were detected in aerobic cultures, but activities were even lower in anaerobic cultures. Efficient energy coupling mechanisms with respect to sulphur and thiosulphate oxidations are indicated.
Using Molecular Markers to Help Predict Who Will Fail after Radical Prostatectomy (2011)

Recent phase III trial data clearly demonstrate that adjuvant therapy can reduce recurrence and increase survival after prostatectomy for prostate cancer. There is great interest in being able to accurately predict who is at risk of failure to avoid treating those who may not benefit. The standard markers consisting of prostate specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and pathological stage are not very specific, so there is an unmet need for other markers to aid in prognostic stratification. Numerous studies have been conducted with various markers and more recently gene signatures, but it is unclear whether any of them are really useful. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to determine the current status of molecular markers in predicting outcome after radical prostatectomy.
Borylation of primary and secondary alkyl bromides catalyzed by Cu<sub>2</sub>O nanoparticles (2015)

A Cu<sub>2</sub>O nanoparticle catalyzed borylation of alkylboronic esters is developed, with mild reaction conditions, high yield and in the absence of ligands which otherwise are essential in homogenous catalysis, using bis(pinacolato)diboron as the boron source.
A Multisite Physician's Office Laboratory Evaluation of an Immunological Method for the Measurement of HbA1c (1992)

Precision was acceptable and interlaboratory variability was low. The immunological method correlated well with manual ion-exchange and automated HPLC methods. The small sample size and good comparison between capillary and venous sample results make fingerstick sampling acceptable. The method provided immediate test results (within 9 min) to the clinicians.
The role of astrocyte‐mediated plasticity in neural circuit development and function (2021)

Neuronal networks are capable of undergoing rapid structural and functional changes called plasticity, which are essential for shaping circuit function during nervous system development. These changes range from short-term modifications on the order of milliseconds, to long-term rearrangement of neural architecture that could last for the lifetime of the organism. Neural plasticity is most prominent during development, yet also plays a critical role during memory formation, behavior, and disease. Therefore, it is essential to define and characterize the mechanisms underlying the onset, duration, and form of plasticity. Astrocytes, the most numerous glial cell type in the human nervous system, are integral elements of synapses and are components of a glial network that can coordinate neural activity at a circuit-wide level. Moreover, their arrival to the CNS during late embryogenesis correlates to the onset of sensory-evoked activity, making them an interesting target for circuit plasticity studies. Technological advancements in the last decade have uncovered astrocytes as prominent regulators of circuit assembly and function. Here, we provide a brief historical perspective on our understanding of astrocytes in the nervous system, and review the latest advances on the role of astroglia in regulating circuit plasticity and function during nervous system development and homeostasis.
A simulation of the sulfur attack in catalytic pathway of papain using molecular mechanics and semiempirical quantum mechanics (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA simulation of the sulfur attack in catalytic pathway of papain using molecular mechanics and semiempirical quantum mechanicsDorit Arad, Robert Langridge, and Peter A. KollmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 2, 491–502Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00158a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00158a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An ultrasensitive enzymatic method for measuring mevalonic acid in serum (2012)

We have developed a simple, precise, and ultrasensitive enzymatic method for measuring serum mevalonic acid (MVA) concentration, which is thought to be a good indicator of the in vivo cholesterol biosynthesis rate. This assay is based on an enzyme cycling reaction and makes use of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), thio-NAD, NADH, and CoA. MVA participates in the HMGR cycling reaction, and its level is measured based on the production of thio-NADH, which is determined from the change in absorbance at 405 nm. To achieve high specificity, we used mevalonate kinase (MVK) in addition to HMGR. Only substrates able to participate in both the HMGR cycling reaction and the MVK reaction are measured as MVA. The detection limit for MVA is 0.4 ng/ml (2.7 nmol/l), and the calibration curve for MVA is linear up to 44 ng/ml (300 nmol/l). Regression analysis with 40 serum samples showed the accuracy of quantifying MVA with this enzymatic assay to be comparable to that using LC-MS/MS (correlation: y = 0.83x + 0.24; r = 0.97). This procedure is simple, precise, and robust. It is also rapid and has a high throughput, making it potentially useful for clinical applications.
Product Bound Structures of the Soluble Methane Monooxygenase Hydroxylase from <i>Methylococcus capsulatus</i> (Bath):  Protein Motion in the α-Subunit (2005)

The soluble methane monooxygenase hydroxylase (MMOH) alpha-subunit contains a series of cavities that delineate the route of substrate entrance to and product egress from the buried carboxylate-bridged diiron center. The presence of discrete cavities is a major structural difference between MMOH, which can hydroxylate methane, and toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase hydroxylase (ToMOH), which cannot. To understand better the functions of the cavities and to investigate how an enzyme designed for methane hydroxylation can also accommodate larger substrates such as octane, methylcubane, and trans-1-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane, MMOH crystals were soaked with an assortment of different alcohols and their X-ray structures were solved to 1.8-2.4 A resolution. The product analogues localize to cavities 1-3 and delineate a path of product exit and/or substrate entrance from the active site to the surface of the protein. The binding of the alcohols to a position bridging the two iron atoms in cavity 1 extends and validates previous crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational work indicating this site to be where substrates are hydroxylated and products form. The presence of these alcohols induces perturbations in the amino acid side-chain gates linking pairs of cavities, allowing for the formation of a channel similar to one observed in ToMOH. Upon binding of 6-bromohexan-1-ol, the pi helix formed by residues 202-211 in helix E of the alpha-subunit is extended through residue 216, changing the orientations of several amino acid residues in the active site cavity. This remarkable secondary structure rearrangement in the four-helix bundle has several mechanistic implications for substrate accommodation and the function of the effector protein, MMOB.
Estimation of breast percent density in raw and processed full field digital mammography images via adaptive fuzzy c‐means clustering and support vector machine segmentation (2012)

The proposed fully automated algorithm was successful in estimating breast percent density from both raw and processed digital mammographic images. Accurate assessment of a woman's breast density is critical in order for the estimate to be incorporated into risk assessment models. These results show promise for the clinical application of the algorithm in quantifying breast density in a repeatable manner, both at time of imaging as well as in retrospective studies.
수도권(서울ㆍ경기ㆍ인천)지역의 범죄발생 패턴 (2013)

본 논문은 도시범죄의 사회적 심각성을 인식하고 서울ㆍ인천ㆍ경기 지역을 대상으로 5대범죄(살인, 강간ㆍ추행, 강도, 절도, 폭행)의 공간적 분포 특성을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 범죄가 지역사회의 구조적 특색에 따라 공간적으로 상이하게 발생하는지 알아보기 위해 2005년부터 2011년까지의 7년간의 범죄 자료를 활용하여 공간자기상관성분석을 실시하였다....
Developments in the Understanding and Modeling of the Agglomeration of Suspended Crystals in Crystallization from Solutions (2003)

The paper deals with the modeling of the agglomeration of crystals during their crystallization. Crystal agglomeration actually consists of two steps, i.e. particle collision and agglomerate strengthening by crystal growth. The expression of agglomeration rates can be written in terms of a collision rate coupled with an efficiency factor. However, the mechanisms and rates of collision and disruption are related to the type of liquid flow that the mother crystals and the agglomerate experience, which in turn are dependent on their respective sizes. In particular, the influences of the absolute and relative sizes of mother particles, of the local energy dissipation and of the fluid viscosity differ according to the three types of motions, i.e. Brownian, laminar, turbulent. Besides this, the rapidity of the crystal growth, which in turn is a function of the supersaturation, plays a major role in the strengthening rate. The question of the limit cases between two regimes is also treated. The method takes into account and unifies previous expressions obtained by other authors in the various regimes. The model is also able to calculate the average agglomeration degrees.The paper is illustrated by one example of crystal agglomeration from our recent work and introduces a general model.