gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deviations in gait metrics in patients with chronic ankle instability: a case control study (2015)

The results outline a gait profile for patients suffering from CAI. Significant differences were found in most spatiotemporal gait metrics. An important finding was a significantly wider base of support. It may be speculated that these gait alterations may reflect a strategy to deal with imbalance and pain. These findings suggest the usefulness of gait metrics, alongside with the use of self-evaluation questionnaires, in assessing disease severity of patients with CAI.
<title>Fiber Optic Rotation Sensor (FORS) Signal Detection and Processing</title> (1979)

The recent development of low-loss single-mode optical fiber waveguides for light has made possible a new class of inertial reference devices built on the principal of a closed loop interferometer. Light circulating through the loop in both directions experiences a relative phase delay proportional to rotation rate about the loop axis. This paper derives the phase delay and discusses signal detection, signal processing techniques and error sources. It is concluded that synchronous modulation and demodulation and an active gain control at the signal calculation level are required to eliminate drift errors. Potential performance is extraordinarily good; rotation rate sensitivity of a few milli-arc seconds per second and angular position random walk errors of an arc second per square root hour appear feasible.
Leadership Blues (2003)

Abstract All leaders will face difficult circumstances. These will frequently have little or nothing to do with anything the leader created or can influence. Administrators of community colleges, particularly presidents, are commonly neither prepared nor trained to face a tougher, and perhaps meaner, job than in earlier years; those who would lead should understand and be prepared.
Matrix synthesis and degradation in human intervertebral disc degeneration (2007)

Degeneration of the intervertebral disc has been implicated in chronic low back pain. Type II collagen and proteoglycan (predominantly aggrecan) content is crucial to proper disc function, particularly in the nucleus pulposus. In degeneration, synthesis of matrix molecules changes, leading to an increase in the synthesis of collagens type I and III and a decreased production of aggrecan. Linked to this is an increased expression of matrix-degrading molecules including MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) and the aggrecanases, ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs) 1, 4, 5, 9 and 15, all of which are produced by native disc cells. Importantly, we have found that there is a net increase in these molecules, over their natural inhibitors [TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1), 2 and 3], suggesting a deregulation of the normal homoeostatic mechanism. Growth factors and cytokines [particularly TNFalpha (tumour necrosis factor alpha) and IL-1 (interleukin 1)] have been implicated in the regulation of this catabolic process. Our work has shown that in degenerate discs there is an increase in IL-1, but no corresponding increase in the inhibitor IL-1 receptor antagonist. Furthermore, treatment of human disc cells with IL-1 leads to a decrease in matrix gene expression and increased MMP and ADAMTS expression. Inhibition of IL-1 would therefore be an important therapeutic target for preventing/reversing disc degeneration.
Hybrid ZVS BCM Current Controlled Three-Phase Microinverter (2013)

This paper presents a new zero-voltage switching (ZVS) control method that is suitable for low-power applications such as three-phase microinverters. The proposed hybrid control method increases the efficiency and power density of the microinverters and features both reduced number of components and easy digital implementation. ZVS is achieved by controlling the inductor current bidirectional in every switching cycle and results in lower switching losses, higher operating frequency, and reduced size and cost of passive components, especially magnetic cores. A 400 W prototype of a three-phase inverter and its hybrid control system have been designed and tested under different conditions to verify the effectiveness of the controller. Efficiency measurement and comparison of the three different current modulation schemes have been conducted, and the inverter exhibits peak efficiency of 98.4% with fixed reverse current boundary conduction mode modulation.
Josephson Junctions with Nb/Al Composite Electrodes (1972)

Josephson tunnel junctions have been fabricated incorporporating a thin layer of normal metal which is oxidized to form the tunnel barrier. The tunnel devices tested were of the form Nb/Al/Al2O3/Nb and several milliamperes of Josephson current were observed at 4.2°K. These samples have been found to have better defined tunneling characteristics than samples of the form Nb/NbOx/Nb.
Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society (2015)

Graphical Abstract Epoxy groups were introduced to contorted hexabenzocorone (HBC) structure for high heat resistance and thermal conductivity. The HBC epoxy was cured by diaminophenylsulfone at 170°C for 2 h. The Td (5 wt%) and thermal conductivity of the cured HBC epoxy were 323.44°C and 0.32 W/mK, respectively. Such high thermal stability and conductivity are originated from pi–pi stacking of HBC mesogens.
QUASIMODO 3 (QUA3) is a putative homogalacturonan methyltransferase regulating cell wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells (2011)

Pectins are complex polysaccharides that are essential components of the plant cell wall. In this study, a novel putative Arabidopsis S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase, termed QUASIMODO 3 (QUA3, At4g00740), has been characterized and it was demonstrated that it is a Golgi-localized, type II integral membrane protein that functions in methylesterification of the pectin homogalacturonan (HG). Although transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings with overexpression, or knock-down, of QUA3 do not show altered phenotypes or changes in pectin methylation, this enzyme is highly expressed and abundant in Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells. In contrast, in cells subjected to QUA3 RNA interference (RNAi) knock-down there is less pectin methylation as well as altered composition and assembly of cell wall polysaccharides. Taken together, these observations point to a Golgi-localized QUA3 playing an essential role in controlling pectin methylation and cell wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis suspension cell cultures.
Fail-Safe Type Liquid Crystal Mirror for Automobiles (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new type of liquid crystal anti-glare mirror which satisfies the fail-safe condition, i.e. when electrical power supply of a mirror control is broken, the non-anti-glaring normal mode is always maintained has been developed. While, a conventional liquid crystal anti-glare mirror does not satisfy this fail-safe condition. The development of our new type mirror was supported by our improved surface treatment technique for the perpendicular alignments.</div>
A record and file partitioning model (1977)

One of the main objectives in the design of a file system is the reduction of storage and data transfer costs. This paper presents a model in which several requests access the file system, and each request requires information from one or more variable length data-items. The probabilities of access and the distribution of each data-item's length are assumed to be known, and to be mutually independent. The file system uses one or more storage devices, and each record may be partitioned into subrecords that are stored on different devices. One of the subrecords is designated as the primary record; when a request for a record is made, the primary record is first accessed, and other sub-records are accessed only if the pertinent information is not stored in the primary record. The model that is presented in this paper, both as a nonlinear programming model and a mixed integer programming model, is a very general one; several types of file systems may be derived from it by an appropriate selection of its parameters. This model has already been used in the optimization of library routines' storage at a large scale operating system.
Production Testing of Vacuum Tubes (1930)

The factory testing of vacuum tubes is becoming more specialized every year. In the early days of broadcasting a few tubes served many purposes and actual performance in its relation to tube characteristics was not as widely studied and understood as it is today. Increasing knowledge of the how and why of tube and set operation has led to the development of many more or less special tubes designed for a specific function in the set. The increasing use of accurate set measuring equipment has enabled. designers to work out the optimum circuit arrangements for the use of these specially designed tubes in the various stages. As a result of this growth of the industry the testing of vacuum tubes has required more and more attention to set operation, a constant elaboration of test methods and equipment being necessary in order to exercise the necessary control over tube characteristics.
Cell-type-specific expression of alternatively spliced human fibronectin IIICS mRNAs. (1990)

Fibronectin polypeptide diversity is generated to a large extent by alternative splicing of the fibronectin primary transcript at three sites: two extra domain exons encoding extra structural repeats and a region of nonhomologous sequence termed the type-III connecting segment (IIICS). A novel double primer extension assay was developed to identify and quantify simultaneously each of the five human IIICS mRNA splicing variants. Expression of the five IIICS variants was analyzed in a variety of human normal and tumor cell types as well as in human liver. Differences in IIICS expression patterns were observed among different cell types, among fibroblasts of different tissue origins, and between comparable normal and transformed cells. The most predominant cell-type-specific differences were in the abundance of the one IIICS- mRNA variant relative to the four IIICS+ variants. The percentage of O variant (IIICS-) mRNAs within the total fibronectin mRNA pool varied between 3 and 17% among tumor cells and between 7 and 46% among normal cells. The O variant composed 57% of the fibronectin mRNA in liver tissue, correlating with the previously described increased abundance of IIICS- polypeptide subunits in plasma fibronectin, compared with those in cellular fibronectins. Additional cell-type-specific changes among the expression levels of the four IIICS+ mRNA variants are consistent with a proposed model in which regulation of an alternative selection of a 3'splice site predominates over regulation of the selection of a 5' splice site in generating specific patterns of IIICS mRNA expression.
Exploiting Actuator Limits with Feedforward Control based on Inverse Models (2014)

Feedforward control based on inverse dynamic plant models (linear or nonlinear) is a suitable method to enhance set-point tracking performance of control systems. In reality actuators always have limits, but limiting functions can not be inverted. A common approach to handle this issue is to invert the unlimited plant model and detune the feedforward filter in order to stay always in between the actuator limits. This approach causes a loss in performance for rapid setpoint changes, because the actuator range is not entirely used. In this article a rather simple but powerful method is presented, which overcomes this performance issue for many types of plant models. Actuator limits are fully exploited, and the obtained trajectories are close to optimal ones. Simulation and measurement results demonstrate the usability of the proposed feedforward structure.
Bystander B cells rapidly acquire antigen receptors from activated B cells by membrane transfer (2008)

The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) efficiently facilitates the capture and processing of a specific antigen for presentation on MHC class II molecules to antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells (1). Despite this, the majority of B cells are thought to play only a limited role in CD4(+) T cell activation because BCRs are clonotypically expressed. Here, we show, however, that activated B cells can, both in vitro and in vivo, rapidly donate their BCR to bystander B cells, a process that is mediated by direct membrane transfer between adjacent B cells and is amplified by the interaction of the BCR with a specific antigen. This results in a dramatic expansion in the number of antigen-binding B cells in vivo, with the transferred BCR endowing recipient B cells with the ability to present a specific antigen to antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells.
<i>CCR</i> 20th Anniversary Commentary: Immune-Related Response Criteria—Capturing Clinical Activity in Immuno-Oncology (2015)

To evaluate antitumor responses to chemotherapeutic agents, investigators would typically rely upon Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) or modified WHO criteria, which do not comprehensively capture responses with immunotherapeutic agents. In the December 1, 2009, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Wolchok and colleagues reported their development of novel criteria, designated "Immune-related Response Criteria" (irRC), designed to better capture the response patterns observed with immunotherapies. Broad use of the irRC since then has allowed for a more comprehensive evaluation of immunotherapies in clinical trials, indicating that their concepts can be used in conjunction with either RECIST or WHO, and has shown irRC to be a powerful tool for improved clinical investigation. See related article by Wolchok et al., Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(23) December 1, 2009;7412-20.
Building a lexical domain map from text corpora (1994)

In information retrieval the task is to extract from the database ~dl ,and only the documents which are relevant to a user query, even when the query and the documents use little common vocabul~u'y. In this paper we discuss the problem of automatic generation of lexical relations between words ,and phrltses from large text corpora :rod their application to automatic query expansion ill information retrieval. Reported here ,are some preliminary resuhs and observations from the experiments with a 85 million word Wall Street Journal dalabase and a 45 million word San Jose Mercury News database (piu'ts of 0.5 billion word TIPSTER/TREC datab`ase).
A parallel implementation of collective learning systems theory: Adaptive Learning Image Analysis System (ALIAS) (1990)

An alternative to preprogrammed rule-based Artificial Intelligence is a hierarchical network of cellular automata which acquire their knowledge through learning based on a series of trial-and-error interactions with an evaluating Environment, much as humans do. The input to the hierarchical network is provided by a set of sensors which perceive the external world. Based upon this perceived information and past experience (memory), the learning automata synthesize collections of trial responses. Periodically the automata estimate the effectiveness of these collections using either internal evaluations (unsupervised learning) or external evaluations from the Environment (supervised learning), modifying their memories accordingly. Known as Collective Learning Systems Theory, this paradigm has been applied to many sophisticated gaming problems, demonstrating robust learning and dynamic adaptivity.
Regiodependent Luminescence Quenching of Biotinylated<i>N</i>-Sulfonyl-acridinium-9-carboxamides by Avidin (2003)

[reaction: see text] Biotin was conjugated to chemiluminescent N-sulfonylacridinium-9-carboxamides at the N-10 or 9-position carboxamide. Upon binding to avidin, the light output of the N-10 derivative (8) was quenched up to 92% upon triggering with basic peroxide, while the 9-position carboxamide conjugate (9) was quenched only 33%. The utility of this effect was demonstrated in a model homogeneous chemiluminescence assay.
Versatile apparatus for thermoelectric characterization of oxides at high temperatures (2014)

An apparatus for measuring the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity is presented and characterized. The device can be used in a wide temperature range from room temperature to 1050 °C and in all common atmospheres, including oxidizing, reducing, humid, and inert. The apparatus is suitable for samples with different geometries (disk-, bar-shaped), allowing a complete thermoelectric characterization (including thermal conductivity) on a single sample. The Seebeck coefficient α can be measured in both sample directions (in-plane and cross-plane) simultaneously. Electrical conductivity is measured via the van der Pauw method. Perovskite-type CaMnO3 and the misfit cobalt oxide (Ca2CoO3)q(CoO2) are studied to demonstrate the temperature range and to investigate the variation of the electrical properties as a function of the measurement atmosphere.
A Case-Based Reasoning Framework for Developing Agents Using Learning by Observation (2011)

Most realistic environments are complex, partially observable and impose real-time constraints on agents operating within them. This paper describes a framework that allows agents to learn by observation in such environments. When learning by observation, agents observe an expert performing a task and learn to perform the same task based on those observations. Our framework aims to allow agents to learn in a variety of domains (physical or virtual) regardless of the behaviour or goals of the observed expert. To achieve this we ensure that there is a clear separation between the central reasoning system and any domain-specific information. We present case studies in the domains of obstacle avoidance, robotic arm control, simulated soccer and Tetris.
VLSI Design Exchange with Intellectual Property Protection in FPGA Environment Using both Secret and Public-Key Cryptography (2006)

With the advent of multi-million gate chips, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have achieved high usability for design verification, exchange, test and even production. Adding to this is the possibility of reusing readily available licensed IP to shorten the design cycle. A major concern for IP owners is the possible over-deployment of the IP into more devices than originally licensed. In this paper, we propose a system based on both public-key and secret-key cryptography embedded in a secured design exchange protocol for protecting the rights of the IP owner. The system consists of hardware-supported design encryption and secured device authentication protocols. Design encryption based on secured device identification ensures that the IP can only be deployed into explicitly identified and agreed upon devices. The system uses a combination of secret and public-key cryptographic functions devised for an uncomplicated trustable design exchange scenario. The public-key functions use modular squaring (Rabin lock) on the FPGA chip instead of exponentiation to reduce the hardware complexity.
THIF-28 CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACE MOUNT PACKAGES AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES USING WAFER PROBES (2000)

Calibrated measurements are performed in a printed circuit board (PCB) environment using microstrip elements and ultra-small surface mount components as calibration standards. The calibration technique allows surface mount packages to be characterized from VHF to microwave frequencies. The use of microwave wafer probes for connection to the PCB is described.
Respiratory syncytial virus: current and emerging treatment options (2014)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important respiratory pathogen in infants and children worldwide. Although RSV typically causes mild upper respiratory infections, it frequently causes severe morbidity and mortality, especially in premature infants and children with other chronic diseases. Treatment of RSV is limited by a lack of effective antiviral treatments; however, ribavirin has been used in complicated cases, along with the addition of intravenous immune globulin in specific patients. Vaccination strategies for RSV prevention are heavily studied, but only palivizumab (Synagis(®)) has been approved for use in the United States in very select patient populations. Research is ongoing in developing additional vaccines, along with alternative therapies that may help prevent or decrease the severity of RSV infections in infants and children. To date, we have not seen a decrement in RSV morbidity and mortality with our current options; therefore, there is a clear need for novel RSV preventative and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the current and evolving trends in RSV treatment for infants and children.
The acquisition of multidimensional NMR spectra within a single scan (2002)

A scheme enabling the complete sampling of multidimensional NMR domains within a single continuous acquisition is introduced and exemplified. Provided that an analyte's signal is sufficiently strong, the acquisition time of multidimensional NMR experiments can thus be shortened by orders of magnitude. This could enable the characterization of transient events such as proteins folding, 2D NMR experiments on samples being chromatographed, bring the duration of higher dimensional experiments (e.g., 4D NMR) into the lifetime of most proteins under physiological conditions, and facilitate the incorporation of spectroscopic 2D sequences into in vivo imaging investigations. The protocol is compatible with existing multidimensional pulse sequences and can be implemented by using conventional hardware; its performance is exemplified here with a variety of homonuclear 2D NMR acquisitions.
On optimal partitioning of realtime traffic over multiple paths (2005)

Multipath transport provides higher usable bandwidth for a session. It has also been shown to provide load balancing and error resilience for end-to-end multimedia sessions. Two key issues in the use of multiple paths are (1) how to minimize the end-to-end delay, which now includes the delay along the paths and the resequencing delay at the receiver, and (2) how to select paths. In this paper, we present an analytical framework for the optimal partitioning of realtime multimedia traffic that minimizes the total end-to-end delay. Specifically, we formulate optimal traffic partitioning as a constrained optimization problem using deterministic network calculus, and derive its closed form solution. Compared with previous work, our scheme is simpler to implement and enforce. This analysis also greatly simplifies the solution to the path selection problem as compared to previous efforts. Analytical results show that for a given flow and a set of paths, we can choose a minimal subset to achieve the minimum end-to-end delay with O(N) time, where N is the number of available paths. The selected path set is optimal in the sense that adding any rejected path to the set will only increase the end-to-end delay.