gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the security of EAP-EHash authentication method (2010)

Several EAP authentication methods have recently been proposed to ensure authentication in 802.11 wireless networks. Most of these methods require high computation cost for the purpose of security. However, they are not suitable for use in a resource constrained network environment. EAP-EHash is one of the very few interesting methods, which were designed for use in such environment. EAP-EHash requires low computation cost and combines simplicity and security. In this paper, we show that (...)
Introduction (2018)

Primary care counselling is in its ascendancy. Primary care counsellors now have their place on the NHS pay spine, and they are established as practitioners in their own right with professional body representation within Counsellors and Psychotherapists in Primary Care, the Faculty of Healthcare and the new Psychotherapeutic Counselling Section within United Kingdom Counsel for Psychotherapy. The psychological therapy community has been disdainful of the so-called medical model of health and illness, retreating into the laager of the pure psyche. Counsellors and psychological therapists must provide quality care for patients, clients or service users at their initial point of entry to the health service – namely in the primary care general practice setting. The challenge for training providers is to move to fit-for-purpose, externally validated training appropriate for the 90 per cent of patients, clients and service users using the primary care mental health services of the twenty-first century NHS.
2.5-D stacked composite right/left-handed metamaterial structures using dielectric resonators and parallel mesh plates (2008)

In this paper, stacked structures composed of mesh plates and dielectric layers including 2-D array of dielectric discs are proposed as a new type of volumetric composite right/left-handed metamaterial structure for TE-polarized waves. No band gap condition between right and left-handed bands is designed in order to broaden the left-handed bandwidth by adjusting the aperture size of the mesh. Based on this layered metamaterial structure, a flat focusing lens which operates in free space is designed and fabricated. For a source launched from a small loop antenna, beam focusing through the fabricated finite-cell-layered lens is experimentally confirmed by measuring the field profiles.
Survival of lactococci during passage through mouse digestive tract (2003)

One of the important properties of probiotics is the ability to survive in the intestine. There have been few studies on the probiotic property of lactococci, since they are formally not considered to be natural inhabitants of the intestine. To evaluate lactococci as probiotic bacteria, we investigated their ability to survive during gastric transit by in vitro and in vivo tests. When exposed to an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal environment, such as low pH and bile, only Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis N7 showed a moderate survival rate among the four strains tested. The tested strains were orally administered to mice, and intestinal passage of the ingested strains was monitored by two methods: antibiotics and PCR. Viable cells of strain N7 were recovered from feces within 24-48 h after administration but not at 72 h. Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 19257, which had a poor survival rate in vitro test, was also detected at 12 h but not at 24 h. These results indicate that lactococci can reach the mouse intestine alive, but not colonize it. If administered daily, viable strain N7 may exist continuously in the intestine. The effect of strain N7 on intestinal microbial balance and on animal health will be the subject of a further study.
Polycrystalline thin-film CuInSe<sub>2</sub>/CdZnS solar cells (1984)

The fabrication and properties of polycrystalline, CuInSe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> thin-film solar cells based upon a heterojunction device structure of P-type CuInSe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and N-type CdS or mixed CdZnS are described. A photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 11 percent is reported for a CuInSe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> / CdZnS cell of 1-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area when tested under simulated AM1 illumination (ELH lamp). While the highest efficiency cells have been prepared on Mo-metallized, polycrystalline alumina substrates, good cell performance is also presented for cells fabricated on low-cost glass substrates. The vacuum deposited selenide and sulfide films are reported to exhibit strong columnar growth features throughout the critical junction region. The spectral response of the cells is described as being relatively flat from 1100 to 600 nm with very high quantum yields(> 0.8). Photoluminescence emission data on the CuInSe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> thin-film excited with a He-Ne laser is presented. In general, selenide films producing a good cell performance are reported to exhibit spectra with two or three major broad-band emissions.
Bonding Study of Carbon Nitride Films Deposited at Ambient Temperature (2000)

Based on previous stuctural study,the bonding states are studied on carbon nitride films deposited at ambient temperature.The results are as follows:①the differences of XPS bonding energy between nitrogen and carbon decreased linearly with atomic ratio(N/C);② although the carbon and nitrogen peaks are resolved into several Gaussian peaks,they can not be regarded to originate from the compound C 3N 4;③the infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectra give similar results with XPS.Finally,it is proposed that the spectra of carbon nitride films should be explained carefully.
Flare-up reaction of streptococcal cell wall induced arthritis in Lewis and F344 rats: the role of T lymphocytes (1990)

One i.p. injection of a sterile suspension of streptococcal cell walls (SCW) induces chronic erosive polyarthritis in susceptible Lewis rats, but not in resistant F344 or nude Lewis rats. Because continuous exacerbations may be one possible mechanism underlying chronic disease, we studied the mechanism of these flare-up reactions in Lewis and F344 rats. Injection of SCW into the right knee joint of rats induced a transient monoarthritis in both strains. Reactivation of the subsided arthritis by i.v. administration of the same antigen could be evoked only in the Lewis rat. Even repeated i.v. challenges with SCW failed to induce a flare-up reaction in the F344 rat, while the Lewis rat went through an exacerbation after every challenge. Removal of T lymphocytes by monoclonal antibodies before induction of an exacerbation rendered Lewis rats refractory to flare-up reactions, thus indicating the T cell-dependence of this reaction. Furthermore, when cell walls from heterologous bacteria were tested for their capacity to induce exacerbations of SCW-induced monoarthritis and to induce proliferation of SCW-specific T lymphocytes in vitro, a strong correlation between both features was found, again pointing to a role for SCW-specific T cells in exacerbations. Together, these data support our hypothesis that chronic arthritis is the result from repeated reactivations of a waning arthritis which are dependent on antigen-specific T lymphocytes.
Increased Monocyte Interleukin-1 Activity and Decreased Vertebral Bone Density in Patients with Fasting Idiopathic Hypercalciuria (1990)

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is a heterogeneous disorder frequently observed in patients with nephrolithiasis. At one extreme of its clinical spectrum is fasting hypercalciuria (FH), a condition characterized by increased bone resorption and turnover. In previous studies we have shown that monocytes from patients with high turnover osteoporosis and from women in early postmenopause elaborate increased amounts of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a cytokine that stimulates bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. Since IL-1 could also mediate the resorptive mechanism of FH and cause a clinically significant bone loss, we have studied the relationship of IH, vertebral mineral density, bone turnover, and monocyte IL-1 activity in 47 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria (AH), 23 with FH, and 38 nonhypercalciuric subjects with recurrent nephrolithiasis (controls). Vertebral mineral density, as measured by quantitative computer tomography, was decreased in each of the three patient groups, but was significantly lower in FH patients than in AH patients or control subjects. Twenty-four-hour total urinary hydroxyproline excretion was increased in FH patients compared to that in AH patients or controls, but blood levels of osteocalcin were not. Monocytes from FH subjects yielded significantly more IL-1 (alpha + beta) activity than those from AH patients or controls; levels of IL-1 activity in monocytes of AH and control patients were similar. In IH subjects, significant correlations were found between IL-1 and hydroxyproline (r = 0.70; P less than 0.0001), IL-1 and quantitative computer tomography values (r = -0.49; P less than 0.005), and IL-1 and urinary calcium (r = -0.36; P less than 0.05). Serum PTH levels were within normal limits in all subjects and were similar in the three study groups, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels, although higher in IH patients than in controls, were not significantly different in FH and AH subjects. Increased IL-1 activity and decreased vertebral mineral density are features of a subset of patients with IH. Although a cause-effect relationship remains to be established, increased monocytic IL-1 activity, rather than elevated PTH or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels, could underlie the resorptive component of FH.
Ultrasonic colour flow imaging (1994)

Real-time ultrasonic colour flow imaging, which was first demonstrated to be feasible only about a decade ago, has come into widespread clinical use. Ultrasound is scattered by ensembles of red blood cells. The ultrasonic frequency that gives the best signal-to-noise ratio for backscattering from blood depends on the required penetration. The frequency of ultrasound backscattered from flowing blood is shifted by the Doppler effect. The direction of flow can be determined by phase quadrature detection, and range selectivity can be provided by pulse-echo time-delay measurements. The Doppler frequency spectrum can be determined by Fourier analysis. Early two- and three-dimensional flow-imaging systems used slow manual scanning; velocity colour coding was introduced. Real-time colour flow imaging first became feasible when autocorrelation detection was used to extract the Doppler signal. Time-domain processing, which is a broad-band technique, was also soon shown to be practicable, for analysing both radio-frequency pulse-echo wavetrains and two-dimensional image speckle. Frequency- and time-domain processing both require effective cancellation of stationary echoes. The time-domain approach seems to have advantages in relation to both aliasing and the effects of attenuation in overlying tissues. Colour-coding schemes that can be interpreted without the need to refer to keys have been adopted, for both velocity and flow disturbance. Colour coding according to signal power has also been reintroduced. Three-dimensional display has been demonstrated. In interpreting colour flow images, it is important to understand the functions of critical system controls and the origins of artifacts. Various strategies can be adopted to increase the image frame rate. The problems of performance measurement and safety need to be kept under review. There are numerous opportunities for further development of ultrasonic colour flow imaging, including improvements in system design, methods of image display, the use of contrast agents and the solution of previously unexplored clinical problems.
Quantum computing via measurements only (2000)

A quantum computer promises efficient processing of certain computational tasks that are intractable with classical computer technology. While basic principles of a quantum computer have been demonstrated in the laboratory, scalability of these systems to a large number of qubits, essential for practical applications such as the Shor algorithm, represents a formidable challenge. Most of the current experiments are designed to implement sequences of highly controlled interactions between selected particles (qubits), thereby following models of a quantum computer as a (sequential) network of quantum logic gates. Here we propose a different model of a scalable quantum computer. In our model, the entire resource for the quantum computation is provided initially in form of a specific entangled state (a so-called cluster state) of a large number of qubits. Information is then written onto the cluster, processed, and read out form the cluster by one-particle measurements only. The entangled state of the cluster thus serves as a universal substrate for any quantum computation. Cluster states can be created efficiently in any system with a quantum Ising-type interaction (at very low temperatures) between two-state particles in a lattice configuration.
Forming complex dextrous manipulations from task primitives (2002)

This paper discusses the implementation of complex manipulation tasks with a dextrous hand. The approach used is to build a set of primitive manipulation functions and combine them to form complex tasks. Only fingertip, or precision, manipulations are considered. Each function performs a simple two-dimensional translation or rotation that can be generalized to work with objects of different sizes and using different grasping forces. Complex tasks are sequential combinations of the primitive functions. They are formed by analyzing the workspaces of the individual tasks and controlled by finite state machines. We present a number of examples, including a complex manipulation removing the top of a child-proof medicine bottle-that incorporates different hybrid position/force specifications of the primitive functions of which it is composed. The work has been implemented with a robot hand system using a Utah-MIT hand.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Direct Tunneling Memory (DTM) utilizing novel floating gate structure (2003)

A novel floating gate (FG) memory, Direct Tunneling Memory (DTM) is demonstrated. The main features of DTM are an ultra-thin tunnel oxide with leakage stop barrier and sidewall control gate (CG) which prevent the overlap between a FG and source/drain (SD) extensions. This structure suppresses the gate leakage current and improves the retention time while high speed write/erase operations with low voltage can be achieved due to the ultra-thin tunnel oxide.
Membrane Organization of Bluetongue Virus Nonstructural Glycoprotein NS3 (1998)

The smallest RNA segment (S10) of bluetongue virus (an orbivirus, family Reoviridae) encodes two closely related nonstructural proteins, the 229-amino-acid (aa) NS3 and the 216-aa NS3A. The proteins are found in glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms in infected cells (X. Wu, H. Iwata, S.-Y. Chen, R. W. Compans and P. Roy J. Virol. 66:7104-7112, 1992). The NS3/NS3A proteins have two hydrophobic domains (aa 118 to 141 and 162 to 182) and two potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites (aa 63 and 150), one of which is located between the hydrophobic domains. To determine whether these features were used in the mature protein forms, we generated a series of mutants of the S10 gene and expressed them by using the vaccinia virus T7 polymerase transient-expression system. Our data indicate that both hydrophobic domains of NS3 span the cell membrane and that only the site at aa 150 is responsible for N-linked glycosylation of the NS3 proteins.
Design and Analysis of a Stage-Scaled Distributed Power Amplifier (2011)

This paper presents the design, analysis, and measurement of a pseudodifferential distributed power amplifier in a 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS process. To mitigate the large loaded transmission line loss due to bipolar base resistance, emitter degeneration is used and an optimal small-signal design point is selected for maximum gain-bandwidth product. To enhance the efficiency of distributed amplifiers (DAs), a stage-scaling technique is proposed to utilize more voltage swing while reducing the total current consumption. The output power and efficiency of the amplifier are evaluated as a function of two scaling coefficients. The fabricated distributed power amplifier achieves a small-signal gain of 10 dB and a 3-dB bandwidth of 110 GHz. The measured midband saturated output power is 17.5 dBm with a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 13.2% and the 3-dB output power bandwidth is greater than 77 GHz. The amplifier consumes 119 mA from a 3-V supply and occupies an area of 2.08 mm × 1.05 mm. Compared to a uniform nonscaled DA fabricated in the same process, the stage-scaled amplifier achieves the same output power with higher collector efficiency and PAE over the entire measured frequency range.
Polyphosphate produced in recombinant Escherichia coli confers mercury resistance (2002)

An Escherichia coli strain was generated by fusion of a merA-deleted broad-spectrum mer operon from Pseudomonas K-62 with a bacterial polyphosphate kinase gene (ppk) from Klebsiella aerogenes in vector pUC119. A large amount of the ppk-specified polyphosphate was identified in the mercury-induced bacterium with the fusion plasmid designated pMKB18 but not in the cells without mercury induction. These results suggest that the synthesis of polyphosphate as well as the expression of the mer genes is mercury-inducible and regulated by merR. The E. coli strain with pMKB18 was more resistant to both Hg2+ and C6H5Hg+ than its isogenic strain with cloning vector pUC119. The recombinant strain accumulated more mercury from Hg2+- and C6H5Hg+-contaminated medium. Hg2+ transported into the cytoplasm appeared to be bound by chelation with the polyphosphate produced by the recombinant cells. The transported phenylmercury was degraded to Hg2+ before the chelation since polyphosphate did not directly chelate with C6H5Hg+. These results indicate that polyphosphate is capable of reducing the cytotoxicity of the transported Hg2+ probably via chelation between polyphosphate and Hg2+.
First-Principles Prediction of Doped Graphane as a High-Temperature Electron-Phonon Superconductor (2010)

We predict by first-principles calculations that p-doped graphane is an electron-phonon superconductor with a critical temperature above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. The unique strength of the chemical bonds between carbon atoms and the large density of electronic states at the Fermi energy arising from the reduced dimensionality give rise to a giant Kohn anomaly in the optical phonon dispersions and push the superconducting critical temperature above 90 K. As evidence of graphane was recently reported, and doping of related materials such as graphene, diamond, and carbon nanostructures is well established, superconducting graphane may be feasible.
Narrow-line coherently combined tapered laser diodes in a Talbot external cavity with a volume Bragg grating (2008)

We present the phase locking of an array of index-guided tapered laser diodes. An external cavity based on the self-imaging Talbot effect has been built. A volume Bragg grating is used as the output coupler to stabilize and narrow the spectrum at 976nm. A power of 1.7W is achieved in the in-phase single main lobe mode with a high visibility. We have checked that each emitter is locked to the Bragg wavelength with a 100pm spectrum linewidth. The experimental results compare well with numerical simulations performed with two-dimensional wide-angle finite difference beam propagation method.
Celecoxib dilates guinea-pig coronaries and rat aortic rings and amplifies NO/cGMP signaling by PDE5 inhibition (2007)

Celecoxib caused coronary vasodilatation in guinea-pig hearts and relaxation of rat aorta and had a potentiating effect on the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in rat aorta through specific blockade of PDE5. These unexpected findings clearly support the notion that celecoxib possesses an as yet undisclosed molecule-specific property that possibly compensates a decrease of prostacyclin-dependent cAMP generation by concomitantly increasing cGMP levels resulting from inhibition of PDE5.
Anisotropic phonon properties and effective electron mass in <i>α</i>-Ga2O3 (2019)

The ordinary and extraordinary infrared dielectric functions of α-Ga2O3 thin films with the corundum structure were investigated. The films were grown by mist chemical vapor epitaxy on (101¯0) sapphire substrates in (101¯0) surface orientation. They were doped by the donor tin with the resulting free-electron concentrations between 1017 and 1019 cm−3. Structural characterization revealed the absence of strain and the high crystallographic quality of the samples. It allows one to resolve all 7 Raman modes. 5 out of 6 infrared active transverse optical phonon modes lie in the investigated wave number range &gt;250 cm−1, and are unambiguously identified by spectroscopic ellipsometry. For the highest doped sample, the free-carrier contribution (plasmon) to the infrared spectra allowed accurate determination of effective electron masses. They are m⊥*=(0.297±0.010)m0 (perpendicular to [0001]) and m||*=(0.316±0.007)m0 (parallel to [0001]) for an electron concentration of n = 1.1 × 1019 cm−3.
Compact bi-directional EDFAs to support extended power budget class of TWDM-PON (2015)

Proposed bi-directional EDFAs reuse, in an L-band EDF, the pump light power unused in a very short length C-band EDF. Device size is effectively reduced while meeting the E2 class power budget required for TWDM-PON OLT.
miR-451a is underexpressed and targets AKT/mTOR pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma (2016)

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent thyroid cancer. Although several PTC-specific miRNA profiles have been reported, only few upregulated miRNAs are broadly recognized, while less consistent data are available about downregulated miRNAs. In this study we investigated miRNA deregulation in PTC by miRNA microarray, analysis of a public dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), literature review and meta-analysis based on a univocal miRNA identifier derived from miRBase v21. A list of 18 miRNAs differentially expressed between PTC and normal thyroid was identified and validated in the TCGA dataset. Furthermore, we compared our signature with miRNA profiles derived from 15 studies selected from literature. Then, to select possibly functionally relevant miRNA, we integrated our miRNA signature with those from two in vitro cell models based on the PTC-driving oncogene RET/PTC1. Through this strategy, we identified commonly deregulated miRNAs, including miR-451a, which emerged also by our meta-analysis as the most frequently reported downregulated miRNA. We showed that lower expression of miR-451a correlates with aggressive clinical-pathological features of PTC as tall cell variant, advanced stage and extrathyroid extension. In addition, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-451a impairs proliferation and migration of two PTC-derived cell lines, reduces the protein levels of its recognized targets MIF, c-MYC and AKT1 and attenuates AKT/mTOR pathway activation.Overall, our study provide both an updated overview of miRNA deregulation in PTC and the first functional evidence that miR-451a exerts tumor suppressor functions in this neoplasia.