gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Bovine Immunoglobulins Resistant to Peptic Digestion: New Perspectives in the Prevention of Failure in Passive Immunization of Neonatal Calves (2007)

In calves, neonatal mortality and disease susceptibility are greatly influenced by failure in passive immunization, normally provided by colostrum ingestion just after birth. Formulations projected to replace natural colostrum have not been successful, and one of the possible reasons for such failure is that orally administered Ig are probably digested in the gastrointestinal tract, so they are not absorbed as intact functional molecules. With the aim of finding an adequate colostrum substitute, we used columns of immobilized jacalin, a lectin known by its ability to bind O-linked oligosaccharides, to obtain a colostral Ig population putatively protected against enzymatic cleavage by the presence of sugar chains. Immunoglobulin G1 is a major constituent of colostrum Ig bound to jacalin (JB-Ig). This preparation contains 10% of the total colostral Ig and is typically 3 to 6 times more resistant to pepsin digestion than the Ig contained in the fraction that is not bound to jacalin, which presumably does not contain O-glycans. Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the tryptic peptides obtained from JB-Ig and unbound Ig were similar, indicating that their distinct susceptibility to enzyme hydrolysis was associated with differences in their sugar chains. Therefore, the present research suggests that the bovine colostrum JB-Ig has potential application in the immunotherapy of neonatal calves that have not been supplied with colostrum.
Combinatorial Engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica as a Promising Cell Biorefinery Platform for the de novo Production of Multi-Purpose Long Chain Dicarboxylic Acids (2017)

This proof-of-concept study establishes Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica) as a whole cell factory for the de novo production of long chain dicarboxylic acid (LCDCA-16 and 18) using glycerol as the sole source of carbon. Modification of the fatty acid metabolism pathway enabled creating a pool of fatty acids in a β-oxidation deficient strain. We then selectively upregulated the native fatty acid ω-oxidation pathway for the enhanced terminal oxidation of the endogenous fatty acid precursors. Nitrogen-limiting conditions and leucine supplementation were employed to induce fatty acid biosynthesis in an engineered Leu− modified strain. Our genetic engineering strategy allowed a minimum production of 330 mg/L LCDCAs in shake flask. Scale up to a 1-L bioreactor increased the titer to 3.49 g/L. Our engineered yeast also produced citric acid as a major by-product at a titer of 39.2 g/L. These results provide basis for developing Y. lipolytica as a safe biorefinery platform for the sustainable production of high-value LCDCAs from non-oily feedstock.
Diarylquinolines Are Bactericidal for Dormant Mycobacteria as a Result of Disturbed ATP Homeostasis (2008)

An estimated one-third of the world population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These nonreplicating, dormant bacilli are tolerant to conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid. We recently identified diarylquinoline R207910 (also called TMC207) as an inhibitor of ATP synthase with a remarkable activity against replicating mycobacteria. In the present study, we show that R207910 kills dormant bacilli as effectively as aerobically grown bacilli with the same target specificity. Despite a transcriptional down-regulation of the ATP synthase operon and significantly lower cellular ATP levels, we show that dormant mycobacteria do possess residual ATP synthase enzymatic activity. This activity is blocked by nanomolar concentrations of R207910, thereby further reducing ATP levels and causing a pronounced bactericidal effect. We conclude that this residual ATP synthase activity is indispensable for the survival of dormant mycobacteria, making it a promising drug target to tackle dormant infections. The unique dual bactericidal activity of diarylquinolines on dormant as well as replicating bacterial subpopulations distinguishes them entirely from the current anti-tuberculosis drugs and underlines the potential of R207910 to shorten tuberculosis treatment.
Some Superior Ten-Squares (2002)

The following squares are, in my view, the approximate equal, or superior of, the square published as My First Ten-Square (Word Ways August 2002). I invite readers to form their own views as to the relative merits of the three squares below and the August one. I give my own views inverted at the end of the article.
4TEL Automated Subscriber Line Test System (1982)

Powerful computer techniques and sophisticated measurement technology have been applied to local distribution networks by the 4TEL Automated Subscriber Line Test System. It provides PTT's and telephone companies with a total solution to the problems of improving quality of service and reducing costs. The main features of routine testing, line testing, fault location, and special diagnostic testing are discussed together with a description of the technology, system architecture, enhanced features, and the potential for system evolution.
A cDNA for a human cyclic AMP response element-binding protein which is distinct from CREB and expressed preferentially in brain. (1990)

The cyclic AMP response element (CRE) is found in many cellular genes regulated by cyclic AMP, and similar elements are present in the early genes of adenovirus that are activated by E1A. The transcription factor CREB has previously been shown to bind this site, and cDNAs for CREB have recently been characterized. We report here the isolation of a cDNA encoding a human DNA-binding protein that also recognizes this motif in cellular and viral promoters. This protein, HB16, displays structural similarity to CREB and to c-Jun and c-Fos, which bind the related 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element (TRE). HB16 contains a highly basic, putative DNA-binding domain and a leucine zipper structure thought to be involved in dimerization. Deletional analysis of HB16 demonstrated that the leucine zipper is required for its interaction with DNA. In addition, HB16 could form a complex with c-Jun but not with c-Fos. Despite its structural similarity to c-Jun and c-Fos and its interaction with c-Jun, HB16 had approximately a 10-fold-lower affinity for the TRE sequence than for the CRE sequence. Although HB16 and CREB both recognized the CRE motif, an extensive binding analysis of HB16 revealed differences in the fine specificity of binding of the two proteins. HB16 mRNA was found at various levels in many human tissues but was most abundant in brain, where its expression was widespread. The existence of more than one CRE-binding protein suggests that the CRE motif could serve multiple regulatory functions.
Efficient Improvement of Silage Additives by Using Genetic Algorithms (2000)

The enormous variety of substances which may be added to forage in order to manipulate and improve the ensilage process presents an empirical, combinatorial optimization problem of great complexity. To investigate the utility of genetic algorithms for designing effective silage additive combinations, a series of small-scale proof of principle silage experiments were performed with fresh ryegrass. Having established that significant biochemical changes occur over an ensilage period as short as 2 days, we performed a series of experiments in which we used 50 silage additive combinations (prepared by using eight bacterial and other additives, each of which was added at six different levels, including zero [i.e. , no additive]). The decrease in pH, the increase in lactate concentration, and the free amino acid concentration were measured after 2 days and used to calculate a "fitness" value that indicated the quality of the silage (compared to a control silage made without additives). This analysis also included a "cost" element to account for different total additive levels. In the initial experiment additive levels were selected randomly, but subsequently a genetic algorithm program was used to suggest new additive combinations based on the fitness values determined in the preceding experiments. The result was very efficient selection for silages in which large decreases in pH and high levels of lactate occurred along with low levels of free amino acids. During the series of five experiments, each of which comprised 50 treatments, there was a steady increase in the amount of lactate that accumulated; the best treatment combination was that used in the last experiment, which produced 4.6 times more lactate than the untreated silage. The additive combinations that were found to yield the highest fitness values in the final (fifth) experiment were assessed to determine a range of biochemical and microbiological quality parameters during full-term silage fermentation. We found that these combinations compared favorably both with uninoculated silage and with a commercial silage additive. The evolutionary computing methods described here are a convenient and efficient approach for designing silage additives.
Low Cost TV Display System (1971)

The display system developed is capable of storing and displaying a computer generated display on standard TV monitors. The system is relatively inexpensive (≈ $11 000 including four monitors), has medium resolution (≈ 490×250 points), and has the capability for displaying both graphics and alphanumerics. This paper describes the operation of an interface which converts the computer output into a TV signal stored on a magnetic disk recorder. Also described is a circuit used for improving the high frequency response of the disk recorder, and thereby the resolution of the display system.
The Preparation and Evaluation of α-CSH/β-TCP Combined Artificial Bone (2011)

In this paper, the combined artificial bone made from α- calcium sulphate hemihydrate（α-CSH） and β- tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was investigated and at the same time the study explored: the method of preparing the combined artificial bone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric (TG), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Mercury porosimeter were employed to characterize the samples. Results indicate that the combined artificial bone can be prepared by α-CSH and β-TCP using dehydrated alcohol as a solvent; β-TCP was made from cancellous bone in the femur of cattle under special conditions, which contained the spatial structure of normal cancellous bone; α-CSH was made from CSD under special temperature and pressure, which is more pure and regulation in crystal form.
Synthesis of Single-layer Graphene: A Review of Recent Development (2016)

Since graphene has been successfully synthesized in year 2004, graphene has become the highlight of the research study in the material science field because of its peculiar properties and attracted a large amount of research for its application. The extraordinary properties of graphene show some promising applications such as optical electronics, photovoltaic systems, composites and others. However, it is found that the production of single layer graphene for commercial application still under research for improvement of its quality, size and amount. It has been reported that single-layer graphene can be synthesized using several methods, but the most promising method to synthesize high quality single-layer graphene is chemical vapour deposition (CVD). In this review, current development of the synthesis of single layer graphene and its future prospects is presented and discussed.
Protein‐chemical analysis of pertussis toxin reveals homology between the subunits S<sub>2</sub> and S<sub>3</sub>, between S<sub>1</sub> and the A chains of enterotoxins of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> and identifies S<sub>2</sub> as the haptoglobin‐binding subunit (1986)

The purified toxin of Bordetella pertussis was dissociated in 5 M urea in the presence of immobilized haptoglobin. The toxin was dissociated in free S1, free S5 and the free complexes S2-S4 and S3-S4, with S2-S4 as the only haptoglobin-binding moiety, identifying S2 as the haptoglobin-binding protein. Partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequences were obtained from the dissimilar toxin subunits, after separation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroblotting onto polybrene-coated glass-fiber sheets. The sequences reveal extensive homology of the N-terminal portions of the constitutive subunits S2 and S3 and between S1 and the enterotoxin A chains of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli.
Miniature spectrometer based on linear variable interference filters (1999)

A novel spectrometer device using a single monolithic optical component and a detector array has been developed. The device is compact, rugged, and has good spectral purity and resolving power. The device size is 1.4 X 1.4 X 0.6 inches. Current designs work both in the visual and near infrared. Potential applications are manufacturing control, agricultural screening, medical instrumentation, and color measurement.
UV-crosslinked acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive systems containing unsaturated ethers (2007)

A new class of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA), containing oxirane groups [formula (VII)], were developed. PSA systems obtained from butyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and acrylic acid were modified with selected unsaturated allyl, vinyl or 1-propenyl ethers [formulas (I)-(VI)] in amounts of 1.0 to 5.0 wt. %. Then they were cured (using UV lamp) in the presence of 1.0 wt. % of cationic photoinitiator Irganocure 261 at room temperature and air atmosphere for 3min. The tack, adhesion to glass and cohesion values of the cured PSA samples were measured. The effects of the type and concentration of unsaturated ether monomers used on these properties were evaluated. It was found that vinyl and 1-propenyl ethers were the most UV reactive crosslinking monomers while allyl ethers deteriorated PSA properties. The most advantageous values of adhesion, cohesion and tack were obtained for the samples containing 2 wt. % of vinyl or 1-propenyl ether. The results of investigations showed also that increase in crosslinking time, under UV radiation, caused faster increase in cohesion of the samples modified with vinyl ethers in comparison with those modified with 1-propenyl ones.
Experimental study of the formation of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide on dust grain analogues (2002)

Abstract In the past five years, we have conducted laboratory studies of the formation of key molecules on dust grain analogues in astrophysically relevant conditions. After a description of the apparatus and of the experimental methods, we report on the application of such methods to the resolution of two astrophysical problems that have been left unsolved: (1) The determination of the efficiency and mechanism of formation of molecular hydrogen on different types of interstellar dust grains (silicates, carbonaceous material and ices) and (2) The elucidation of the mechanisms of formation of CO 2 in dense, quiescent clouds.
Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction as the primary genetic lesion in NIDDM. Evidence from studies in normal glucose-tolerant individuals with a first-degree NIDDM relative. (1995)

In this study population, heterogeneous defects in insulin secretion were demonstrated, while defects in insulin sensitivity were not evident. We therefore conclude that since the earliest defects identified in a group genetically at high risk to develop NIDDM are those related to insulin secretion, defects in insulin secretion rather than insulin sensitivity are likely the major genetic factor predisposing to development of NIDDM.
Shale oil denitrogenation with ion exchange. 1. Process concept and modeling (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTShale oil denitrogenation with ion exchange. 1. Process concept and modelingMichael E. Prudich, Donald C. Cronauer, Roger F. Vogel, and Jeffrey SolashCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1986, 25, 3, 742–746Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200034a025https://doi.org/10.1021/i200034a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
[Molecular mechanisms of sex steroid-induced growth of cancer cells]. (1993)

Recent studies have suggested that the growth of sex steroid-dependent cancer is mediated through sex steroid-induced growth factors in an autocrine manner. In order to prove the hypothesis, estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell lines such as MCF-7 have been used by many investigations. However, these studies have been unable to prove the hypothesis, since estrogen-dependent growth system in serum-free medium could not be established. We established in 1987 an androgen-dependent growth system in a serum-free medium using androgen-dependent mouse mammary cancer cells (SC-3). By use of this androgen-dependent growth system in serum-free medium, we could demonstrate that androgen-dependent growth of SC-3 cells is mediated via an androgen-induced new growth factor in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family (AIGF; 8th member of FGF family) in an autocrine mechanism.
Expression of the vasopressin and oxytocin genes in human hypothalami (1985)

Poly(A)+ RNA isolated from post-mortem human hypothalami has been used to characterize the poly-protein precursors to vasopressin and oxytocin. Translation in a cell-free system and subsequent immuno-precipitation with antibodies raised against either vasopressin or neurophysin identified a product of Mr 19000 (prepro-vasopressin). A second less intense product of Mr 16500 was tentatively identified as prepro-oxytocin. A cDNA library derived from the human hypothalamic poly(A)+ RNA was screened for vasopressin and oxytocin-encoding cDNA using heterologous probes; clones encoding the two precursors were identified and found to be organized as their rat and bovine counterparts. Northern blot analysis shows that the mRNAs for the two prepro-hormones consist of approximately 840 (AVP) and approximately 700 (OT) nucleotides.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte – endothelium interactions: a role for pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules (1993)

The movement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from the mainstream of blood to the extravascular space is a characteristic feature of the inflammatory response. This process requires that the PMN initially contacts the endothelium, then adheres firmly to the vessel wall, and finely migrates out of the microvasculature. Each of these events requires signals or pro-inflammatory molecules that direct the PMN to the potential site of inflammation. These molecules include histamine, which appears to be of importance in the initial recruitment of PMNs, leukotriene B4, which promotes PMN adhesion, and platelet-activating factor, which may contribute to both the adhesion process as well as the migration through the endothelial barrier. Although many other pro-inflammatory molecules have been identified, including the cytokines and complement, the three aforementioned molecules are used in this review as paradigms of the varying functions that pro-inflammatory molecules have in the inflammatory process. There is a growing body of evidence that in addition to the many pro-inflammatory agents found in the body there are a number of important anti-inflammatory molecules, including nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and adenosine. Each of these molecules possess important properties that serve to interrupt or protect against the ongoing inflammatory process. The anti-inflammatory potential of these endogenous molecules is discussed.
Ensuring banks’ competitiveness by the implementation of innovative payment systems (2020)

The article considers the main stages of the evolution of modern non-cash payment instruments. The rapid development of technologies in the banking sector was noted, which leads to increased competition in the struggle for customers. Payment systems, which can be both physical and electronic, have their own procedures. Standardization has allowed some of these systems to spread globally, but there are still many local products that are country-specific. The essence of biometric technology was determined, which consists in recognizing persons by one or more physical and behavioral characteristics inherent only to them, with the purpose of forming a profile of a person, which can be used in the future to ensure the reliability of payments in banking. Biometrics is the new way to securely identify and verify bank customers. Since banking has become such a sensitive industry that often requires consumers to identify themselves, biometrics security offers many excellent advantages. By making use of biometrics technologies, the banking industry can enjoy enhanced security, providing consumers with better security that protects their money, financial information and identity. Biometric identifiers, can be anything from fingerprints and veins, palm veins, iris, retina, face, voice, or even handwritten signature -as long as it is something unique for any individual. For example, the patterns of blood vessels in the finger or palm are so complex that no two individuals possess the same. Certainly, biometric technologies are not completely protected from frauds. Another problem is the fact that on rare occasions, due to illness or advanced technology , it's difficult or impossible to identify an individual using certain metrics (e.g. skin lesions & fingerprinting or blood vessel diseases, iris texture may change as a result of certain surgeries). To address these kinds of problems, banks use several biometric identifier at the same time. Despite all these issues, various biometric technologies have repeatedly proven to be both more secure and convenient that any traditional way of authenticating users. A vision of the further functioning of the biometric system is proposed, however, for the large-scale use and transfer of biometric data in compliance with safety rules, it is necessary to agree on a global standard.