gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Topology Configuration in Service Overlay Networks: A Study of Reconfiguration Policies (2006)

The routing infrastructure of the Internet has become resistant to fundamental changes and the use of overlay networks has been proposed to provide additional flexibility and control. One of the most prominent configurable components of an overlay network is its topology, which can be dynamically reconfigured to accommodate communication requirements that vary over time. In this paper, we study the problem of determining dynamic topology reconfiguration for service overlay networks with dynamic communication requirement, and the ideal goal is to find the optimal reconfiguration policies that can minimize the potential overall cost of using an overlay. We start by observing the properties of the optimal reconfiguration policies through studies on small systems and find structures in the optimal reconfiguration policies. Based on these observations, we propose heuristic methods for constructing different flavors of reconfiguration policies, i.e., never-change policy, always-change policy and cluster-based policies, to mimic and approximate the optimal ones. Our experiments show that our policy construction methods are applicable to large systems and generate policies with good performance. Our work does not only provide solutions to practical overlay topology design problems, but also provides theoretical evidence for the advantage of overlay network due to its configurability.
Intracavernous Drug-Induced Erections in the Management of Male Erectile Dysfunction: Experience with 100 Patients (1986)

A total of 100 men with organic impotence underwent a trial of intracavernous drug-induced erections with a mixture of papaverine (25 mg./ml.) and phentolamine (0.8 mg./ml.). The response rates, that is functional erections, were 100 per cent in patients with neurogenic impotence, 65.7 per cent in those with vasculogenic impotence, 90 per cent in the undetermined group and 64.7 per cent in the neurogenic/vascular impotence group. Of the responders 79.5 per cent elected to practice self-injection as a method to restore erectile function. The dose required to obtain functional erections in the purely neurogenic impotence group was significantly lower than that required in other groups. Complications were few and included 4 patients with sustained erections that required intervention. Intracavernous injection of vasoactive drugs appears to have promising value in the treatment and differential diagnosis of erectile dysfunction.
On source timing recovery for circuit emulation in ATM networks (2003)

Circuit emulation in ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks is considered. In a circuit-emulation session the source node generates a periodic cell stream. As this stream passes through the ATM network, it is distorted by cell delay jitter and loss, and a corrupted aperiodic copy of the source stream arrives at the receiver (destination). Considering a special case of the problem (fixed rate and small delay jitter), a simple scheme is devised that can reconstruct the continuous bit stream from the received cell stream. Allowing for variable rate sources (e.g. fixed quality, variable rate video), the author generalizes the problem and models the received cell stream as a point process whose intensity is a bandlimited function. Based on this model, the author devises an easily implementable mechanism that reconstructs a continuous bit stream from the received cell stream at the receiver (destination). Furthermore, some strategies for improving the performance of the proposed schemes are described. These strategies include assigning a higher priority for circuit-emulation cells, providing cell header error control, and possibly using positioned cells for emulated circuits inside the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rigid-chain polymers : hydrodynamic and optical properties in solution (1989)

Translated from the Russian, this study deals with hydrodynamic, dynamo-optical, and electro-optical properties of rigid-chain polymers in dilute solutions. Specific topics include the theory and experimental data of hydrodynamic properties and flow birefringence as well as a study of electric biref
PRAM algorithms for static dictionary compression (2002)

Parallel algorithms for lossless data compression via dictionary compression using the longest fragment first (LFF) and greedy parsing strategies are described. Dictionary compression removes redundancy by replacing substrings of the input by references to strings stored in a dictionary. Given a static dictionary stored as a suffix tree, we present PRAM CREW algorithms for LFF compression which run in O(log/sup 2/ n) time with O(n/log n) processors where it is assumed that the maximum dictionary entry is of length O(log n). We also describe a logarithmic time and linear processor algorithm for greedy parsing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Specificity of Five DNAases as Studied by the Analysis of 5′‐Terminal Doublets (1975)

The 5'-terminal dinucleotides released by five deoxyribonucleases (spleen acid DNase, snail acid DNase, pancreatic DNase, Escherichia coli endonuclease I and crab DNase) have been determined on E. coli DNA (51% dG & dC) digests having different average sizes (Pn) in the range 50 to 10. It has been shown that the composition of the 5'-terminal dinucleotide (a) is independent upon the degradation level, at least in the range explored; (b) is strongly different from the composition of E. coli DNA doublets, these differences being characteristic for each enzyme; (c) is very significantly different from the statistical composition of 5'-terminal dinucleotides, as calculated from the composition of 5'-terminal and penultimate nucleotides. A calculation of the statistical composition of the trinucleotides split by each enzyme, using the 3'-terminal nucleotide data in conjunction with the 5'-terminal dinucleotide results provided a qualitative "specificity spectrum" for each enzyme.
Terahertz pulsed imaging in vivo (2011)

Terahertz (10<sup>12</sup> Hz) pulsed imaging is a totally non-destructive and non-ionising imaging modality and thus potential applications in medicine are being investigated. In this paper we present results using our hand-held terahertz probe that has been designed for in vivo use. In particular, we use the terahertz probe to perform reflection geometry in vivo measurements of human skin. The hand-held terahertz probe gives more flexibility than a typical flat-bed imaging system, but it also results in noisier data and requires existing processing methods to be improved. We describe the requirements and limitations of system geometry, data acquisition rate, image resolution and penetration depth and explain how various factors are dependent on each other. We show how some of the physical limitations can be overcome using novel data processing methods.
Testing domain-specific languages in eclipse (2005)

Domain-specific languages (DSLs) use idioms that are closer to the abstractions found in a specific problem domain. Tool support for testing and debugging DSLs is lacking when compared to the capabilities provided for standard general purpose languages (GPLs). In fact, support for debugging and testing a program written in a DSL is often nonexistent. A common approach for implementing DSLs is to create a pre-processor that translates the DSL source into an object-oriented GPL, such as Java or C++. A DSL grammar serves as the primary artifact for defining DSLs from a higher level of abstraction. This demonstration is focused on a grammar-driven technique to build a testing tool from existing DSL grammars. The DSL grammars are used to generate the hooks needed to interface with a supporting infrastructure written for Eclipse that assists in testing and debugging a program written in a DSL.This demonstration will introduce a framework to automate the generation of DSL testing tools (e.g., debugger and unit test engine) for imperative and declarative DSLs. Our framework provides Eclipse plug-ins for defining DSLs, along with a translator and interface generator that maps the DSL debugging/testing perspective to the underlying GPL debugging/testing services. This demonstration will provide evidence to support the feasibility and applicability of using the information derived from DSL grammars and existing software components to support end-user debugging and testing in a domain friendly programming environment.
Non-Orthogonal View Iris Recognition System (2009)

This paper proposes a non-orthogonal view iris recognition system comprising a new iris imaging module, an iris segmentation module, an iris feature extraction module and a classification module. A dual-charge-coupled device camera was developed to capture four-spectral (red, green, blue, and near-infrared) iris images which contain useful information for simplifying the iris segmentation task. An intelligent random sample consensus iris segmentation method is proposed to robustly detect iris boundaries in a four-spectral iris image. In order to match iris images acquired at different off-axis angles, we propose a circle rectification method to reduce the off-axis iris distortion. The rectification parameters are estimated using the detected elliptical pupillary boundary. Furthermore, we propose a novel iris descriptor which characterizes an iris pattern with multiscale step/ridge edge-type maps. The edge-type maps are extracted with the derivative of Gaussian and the Laplacian of Gaussian filters. The iris pattern classification is accomplished by edge-type matching which can be understood intuitively with the concept of classifier ensembles. Experimental results show that the equal error rate of our approach is only 0.04% when recognizing iris images acquired at different off-axis angles within ±30°.
A novel method for multiparameter physiological phenotype characterization at the single-cell level (2011)

Non-genetic intercellular heterogeneity has been increasingly recognized as one of the key factors in a variety of core cellular processes including proliferation, stimulus response, carcinogenesis and drug resistance. Many diseases, including cancer, originate in a single or a few cells. Early detection and characterization of these abnormal cells can provide new insights into the pathogenesis and serve as a tool for better disease diagnosis and treatment. We report on a novel technology for multiparameter physiological phenotype characterization at the single-cell level. It is based on real-time measurements of concentrations of several metabolites by means of extracellular optical sensors in microchambers of sub-nL volume containing single cells. In its current configuration, the measurement platform features the capability to detect oxygen consumption rate and pH changes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions at the single-cell level. We have conceived, designed and developed a semi-automated method for single-cell manipulation and loading into microwells utilizing custom, high-precision fluid handling at the nanoliter scale. We present the results of a series of measurements of oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) of single human metaplastic esophageal epithelial cells. In addition, to assess the effects of cell-to-cell interactions, we have measured OCRs of two and three cells placed in a single well. The major advantages of the approach are a) multiplexed characterization of cell phenotype at the single-cell level, b) minimal invasiveness due to the distant positioning of sensors, and c) flexibility in terms of accommodating measurements of other metabolites or biomolecules of interest.
Ethylene — Biosynthesis and perception (1996)

Abstract Ethylene is a plant hormone influencing plant processes such as seed germination, diageotropism, flowering, abscission, senescence, fruit ripening, and pathogenesis responses. Its biosynthesis involves multistep enzymatic pathway converting methionine to ethylene. Conjugated forms of ACC, l‐(malonylamino)cyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid and l‐(γ‐1‐glutamylamino)cyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid, and the enzymes catalyzing these reactions have also been demonstrated. The different ethylene biosynthesis enzymes are encoded each by a family of genes, which raises questions about their functional significance. In addition to transcriptional control of gene expression, posttranscriptional regulation seems to play an important role. Mutants of Arabidopsis and tomato have been used to dissect the ethylene signal transduction pathway. Analyses of ethylene‐insensitive mutants in Arabidopsis and tomato have identified ETR1 gene or its homologues, which codes for a protein similar to microbial two‐component regulators. Transgenic yeast expressing the ETR1 protein binds ethylene, suggesting that ETR1 is an ethylene receptor. Constitutive response mutants of Arabidopsis include eto types, which overproduce ethylene in the seedling stage, and ctr types, which resemble wild‐type seedlings grown in ethylene. The CTR1 gene‐product was shown to encode a Raf‐like kinase involved in the signal transduction pathway. Thus, molecular characterization of the components involved in ethylene response and the delineation of a genetic structure, from ethylene biosynthesis through ethylene detection and gene activation, have enabled the first and most advanced functional insight into plant transduction of external events.
PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC ANTISERA FOR RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) IN THE PRESENCE OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG) (1976)

A specific radioimmunoassay for LH, which measures plasma LH in the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is described. Rabbits were immunized with highly purified native LH. One of the antisera with a difference in its reactivity against LH and hCG was further purified by affinity chromatography on a column with hCG coupled to Sepharose 4B. The adsorbed antiserum and 125I-LH was used in a double antibody assay. The LH standard (MRC 68/40) efficiently inhibited the binding of 125I-LH, and the standard curve showed a sensitivity of 0. 5 ng/ml in the sample. hCG up to 10 000 ng/ml did not inhibit the binding of I-LH. The plasma level of LH in pregnant women in the first trimester was low (1.3 ± 0. 1 ng/ml). When LH was measured in fertile or menopausal women with or without stimulation with LH/FSH releasing hormone (LH-RH)X the results agreed to those found with our conventional LHassay based on antiserum against hCG.
Large vocabulary word recognition based on demi-syllable hidden Markov model using small amount of training data (2003)

The authors present a large-vocabulary speech recognition method based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) and aimed at high recognition performance with a small amount of training data. The recognition model is designed to treat contextual and allophonic variations utilizing acoustic-phonetic knowledge. The demisyllable is used as a recognition unit to treat contextual variations caused by the coarticulation effect. A single Gaussian probability density function is used as the HMM output probability, and allophonic units are defined to deal with greater allophonic variations, such as vowel devoicing. In an experiment, demisyllable models were trained using a 250 training word set, and 99.0% and 97.5% recognition rates were obtained for 500-word and 1800-word vocabularies, respectively. The result demonstrates the effectiveness of the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of the human cyclophilin gene and of related processed pseudogenes (1990)

The human cyclophilin gene was isolated from a genomic library derived from leucocyte DNA and sequenced. The gene contains five exons and four introns. The amino acid sequence deduced from the exons matches perfectly the one previously determined from the T-cell cyclophilin cDNA. A TATA box is visible in the promoter region and putative Sp1 binding sites are also found there as well as in the first intron. Six members of the middle repetitive Alu gene family are present in one or other orientation in the non-coding regions of the cyclophilin gene. Hybridisation of genomic DNA to probes derived from the promoter region or the first intron indicates that the cyclophilin gene is present as a single copy in the human haploid genome. Seven other cyclophilin-related DNA clones isolated from the same library were also characterized. They show a high degree of similarity to the cyclophilin cDNA and are colinear to it. However, multiple genetic lesions, often including deletion and/or insertion events which modify the reading frame, are found in these clones which are therefore likely to represent processed pseudogenes.
Electron transport in zinc-blende wurtzite biphasic gallium nitride nanowires and GaNFETs (2007)

Two-point and four-point probe electrical measurements of a biphasic gallium nitride nanowire and current-voltage characteristics of a gallium nitride nanowire based field effect transistor are reported. The biphasic gallium nitride nanowires have a crystalline homostructure consisting of wurtzite and zinc-blende phases that grow simultaneously in the longitudinal direction. There is a sharp transition of one to a few atomic layers between each phase. All measurements showed high current densities. Evidence of single-phase current transport in the biphasic nanowire structure is discussed.
Forecasting the Future of Stroke in the United States (2013)

These projections suggest that the annual costs of stroke will increase substantially over the next 2 decades. Greater emphasis on implementing effective preventive, acute care, and rehabilitative services will have both medical and societal benefits.
Surface Modification of Colloidal Gold by Chemisorption of Alkanethiols in the Presence of a Nonionic Surfactant (2002)

Surface modification of colloidal gold with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid or 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid was performed in the absence or in the presence of the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20). The stability of the colloidal systems was assessed with optical absorption spectroscopy. The surface-modified nanoparticles were stable only within a narrow range of intermediate pH values when chemisorption of alkanethiols was performed in the absence of Tween 20. This was explained in terms of partial ionization of the surface carboxylic groups and charge neutralization at high pH values by counterions present in the buffer solutions. Formation of a physisorbed monolayer of Tween 20 onto the nanoparticles prior to chemisorption of alkanethiols resulted in surface-modified colloidal gold that was stable over a broader range of pH values. Parallel experiments demonstrated that self-assembled monolayers could form on flat substrates in the presence of Tween 20. Therefore, possible incorporation of alkanethiols within micelles or the presence of a physisorbed layer of Tween 20 on gold surfaces did not prevent their chemisorption. The chemisorption of alkanethiols on gold surfaces with a physisorbed layer of Tween 20 is slow and may be due to a decreased sticking coefficient of the alkanethiols on gold with a physisorbed layer of surfactant. Nanoparticles whose surface was modified in the presence of Tween 20 do not appear to undergo irreversible aggregation. They can be frozen or dried and resuspended again with mild sonication.
Cell killing by avian leukosis viruses (1981)

Infection of chicken cells with a cytopathic avian leukosis virus resulted in the detachment of killed cells from the culture dish. The detached, dead cells contained more unintegrated viral DNA than the attached cells. These results confirm the hypothesis that cell killing after infection with a cytopathic avian leukosis virus is associated with accumulation of large amounts of unintegrated viral DNA. No accumulation of large amounts of integrated viral DNA was found in cells infected with cytopathic avian leukosis viruses.
Evidence of Validity for the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) (2005)

The FAAM is a reliable, responsive, and valid measure of physical function for individuals with a broad range of musculoskeletal disorders of the lower leg, foot, and ankle.
Planning to Behave: A Hybrid Deliberative/Reactive Robot Control Architecture for Mobile Manipulation (1994)

Hybrid architectures provide an effective means for integrating world knowledge with reactive control. This paper describes the motivation behind the architectural decision to hybridize, and presents a case study in mobile manipulation in the context of the Autonomous Robot Architecture (AuRA).
[Prolongation of corneal allograft survival in mice with a cyclosporine drug delivery system implant]. (2002)

Intraocular CsA in a sustained release system as a means significantly prolongs corneal allograft survival in mouse model and protests corneal allografts from acute, immune-mediated rejection.
Temperature-compensated CMOS current reference circuit for ultralow-power subthreshold LSIs (2008)

This paper proposes a low-current reference circuit for power-aware LSI applications. The circuit consists of two current generation subcircuits which are based on β-multiplier circuit, one with a positive and the other with a negative temperature coefficient. The variation of the reference current in a sample circuit designed to produce a current of 230nA can be kept very small within ±1.3% in a wide temperature range of -20 to 100°C.
Mining large graphs: Algorithms, inference, and discoveries (2011)

How do we find patterns and anomalies, on graphs with billions of nodes and edges, which do not fit in memory? How to use parallelism for such terabyte-scale graphs? In this work, we focus on inference, which often corresponds, intuitively, to “guilt by association” scenarios. For example, if a person is a drug-abuser, probably its friends are so, too; if a node in a social network is of male gender, his dates are probably females. We show how to do inference on such huge graphs through our proposed HADOOP Line graph Fixed Point (HA-LFP), an efficient parallel algorithm for sparse billion-scale graphs, using the HADOOP platform. Our contributions include (a) the design of HA-LFP, observing that it corresponds to a fixed point on a line graph induced from the original graph; (b) scalability analysis, showing that our algorithm scales up well with the number of edges, as well as with the number of machines; and (c) experimental results on two private, as well as two of the largest publicly available graphs - the Web Graphs from Yahoo! (6.6 billion edges and 0.24 Tera bytes), and the Twitter graph (3.7 billion edges and 0.13 Tera bytes). We evaluated our algorithm using M45, one of the top 50 fastest supercomputers in the world, and we report patterns and anomalies discovered by our algorithm, which would be invisible otherwise.