gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SUPPRESSION OF ACUTE REJECTION PREVENTS GRAFT ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AFTER ALLOGENEIC AORTA TRANSPLANTATION IN THE RAT (1994)

Rat aortic allografts develop arteriosclerotic alterations in the vascular wall that are histologically similar to those observed in chronic rejecting vascular allografts. We used cyclosporine and rapamycin (RAPA) in two different rat strain aorta transplantation models to investigate the effect of immunosuppression on posttransplant graft arteriosclerosis. High dose CsA (25 mg/kg, 3 times/week) treatment significantly inhibited intimal proliferation in the "strong" WAG-BN model (P < 0.01) as well as in the "weak" BN-WAG combination (P < 0.001), compared with untreated allogeneic controls. In the latter combination, even fewer intimal lesions were present than in WAG autotransplants, suggesting that CsA may also inhibit the arteriosclerotic response to mechanical injury. RAPA (3 mg/kg, 3 times/week) was as effective as CsA in reducing intimal lesions (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 in the BN-WAG and WAG-BN models, respectively). Low dose CsA (5 mg/kg, 3 times/week) was only partially effective in preventing intimal lesions. Histology of the nontreated allografts showed ongoing acute rejection in the adventitial layer. The degree of cellular infiltration correlated with the severity of arteriosclerotic lesions. High dose CsA and RAPA treatment prevented adventitial infiltration in both models, while low dose CsA was only moderately effective. In conclusion, in the present study, the degree of arteriosclerotic involvement after allogeneic aorta transplantation was related to the severity of cellular adventitial infiltration. The myointimal thickening was inhibited by effective immunosuppressive treatment. These observations may imply that chronic rejection develops after ineffective immunosuppression.
Versatile Synthesis Strategy for Carboxylic Acid−functionalized Upconverting Nanophosphors as Biological Labels (2008)

Up-converting rare-earth nanophosphors (UCNPs) have great potential to revolutionize biological luminescent labels, but their use has been limited by difficulties in obtaining UCNPs that are biocompatible. To address this problem, we have developed a simple and versatile strategy for converting hydrophobic UCNPs into water-soluble and carboxylic acid-functionalized analogues by directly oxidizing oleic acid ligands with the Lemieux-von Rudloff reagent. This oxidation process has no obvious adverse effects on the morphologies, phases, compositions and luminescent capabilities of UCNPs. Furthermore, as revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and NMR results, oleic acid ligands on the surface of UCNPs can be oxidized into azelaic acids (HOOC(CH2)7COOH), which results in the generation of free carboxylic acid groups on the surface. The presence of free carboxylic acid groups not only confers high solubility in water, but also allows further conjugation with biomolecules such as streptavidin. A highly sensitive DNA sensor based on such streptavidin-coupled UCNPs have been prepared, and the demonstrated results suggest that these biocompatible UCNPs have great superiority as luminescent labeling materials for biological applications.
CRISPR-Cas Biology and Its Application to Infectious Diseases (2019)

Infectious diseases remain a global threat contributing to excess morbidity and death annually, with the persistent potential for destabilizing pandemics. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, along with rapid diagnosis and treatment of human infections, is essential for improving infectious disease outcomes worldwide. Genomic loci in bacteria and archaea, termed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, function as an adaptive immune system for prokaryotes, protecting them against foreign invaders. CRISPR-Cas9 technology is now routinely applied for efficient gene editing, contributing to advances in biomedical science. In the past decade, improved understanding of other diverse CRISPR-Cas systems has expanded CRISPR applications, including in the field of infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the biology of CRISPR-Cas systems and discuss existing and emerging applications to evaluate mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions, to develop accurate and portable diagnostic tests, and to advance the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
Porphyrins with exocyclic rings. Part <b>4</b>. An improved one step synthesis of cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]pyrroles (1993)

Abstract Cyclopentanone condensed with phenylhydrazones 5 , or oximes 6 , in the presence of zinc dust, sodium propionate and propionic acid at 150° to give cyclopenta[ b ]pyrroles 7 in good yields. This chemistry was extended to the synthesis of pyrrolic products from 1‐indanone, 2‐indanone and 2‐methylcyclopentanone. Benzyl 3‐methylcyclopenta[ b ]pyrrole‐2‐carboxylate was found to react regioselectively with lead tetraacetate to give the corresponding 6‐acetoxy derivative and subsequent acid‐catalyzed condensations with 5‐unsubsti‐tuted pyrrole‐2‐carboxylates afforded a series of synthetically valuable dipyrroles 18a‐c.
Detection of random signals in Gaussian mixture noise (1995)

A locally optimal detection algorithm for random signals in dependent noise is derived and applied to independent identically distributed complex-valued Gaussian mixture noise. The resulting detector is essentially a weighted sum of power detectors-the power detector is the locally optimal detector for random signals in Gaussian noise. The weighting functions are modified to enhance the detection performance for small sample sizes. An implementation of the mixture detector, using the expectation-maximization algorithm, is described. Moments of these detectors are calculated from piecewise-polynomial approximations of the weighting functions. The sum of sufficiently many independent identically distributed detector outputs is then approximated by a normal distribution. Probability distributions are also derived for the power detector in Gaussian mixture noise. For a particular set of noise parameters, the theoretical distributions are compared with those obtained from Monte Carlo simulation and seen to be quite close. The theoretical distributions are then used to compare the performance of the mixture and power detectors in Gaussian mixture noise over a range of parameters and to assess the impact of parameter error on detection performance. In this study, the signal gain of the mixture detectors varies from 15 to 38 dB, and the degradation of the probability of detection due to parameter estimation error is relatively minor.
Optical Performance Analysis of Standard Missile Block IV A Seeker (1999)

The flight environment of the Standard Missile, Block IV A interceptor involves high speeds that place severe aerodynamic and aero-thermal loads on the missile optical window and sensor. The supersonic flow over the missile produces aero-optical effects that can degrade IR seeker performance. This report summarizes an analysis of aero-optical aberrations due to shock front and shear layer density gradients. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models, which incorporate turbulence due to coolant spray, are used to compute the density and refractive index distribution about the IR dome. This data is then used in a ray-tracing program to determine boresite error and astigmatic lensing. These results compare favorably with computational results derived from general fluid mechanical approximations. Conclusions are drawn which indicate that boresite error may hinder seeker-targeting performance when looking in a forward direction or for low altitude intercepts.
Bursting Data between Data Centers: Case for Transport SDN (2013)

Public and Private Enterprise clouds are changing the nature of WAN data center interconnects. Data center WAN interconnects today are pre-allocated, static optical trunks of high capacity. These optical pipes carry aggregated packet traffic originating from within the data centers while routing decisions are made by devices at the data center edges. In this paper, we propose a software-defined networking enabled optical transport architecture (Transport SDN) that meshes seamlessly with the deployment of SDN within the Data Centers. The proposed programmable architecture abstracts a core transport node into a programmable virtual switch that leverages the OpenFlow protocol for control. A demonstration use-case of an OpenFlow-enabled optical virtual switch managing a small optical transport network for a big-data application is described. With appropriate extensions to OpenFlow, we discuss how the programmability and flexibility SDN brings to packet-optical data center interconnect will be substantial in solving some of the complex multi-vendor, multi-layer, multi-domain issues that hybrid cloud providers face.
Context-sensitive speech recognition in ISU dialogue systems: results for the grammar switching approach (2004)

Do herbal extracts offer effective dietary supplements to prevent deregulation of the transcriptome? Can they normalize deregulated transcriptomes of chronic human diseases? Are the effects of herbal extracts targeted to specific molecular pathways in tissue-specific manner? Are the effects of herbal supplements reversible? These questions pose important challenges to the fields of molecular nutrition and medicine, which are committed to understanding the molecular basis of physiology during health and disease. Transcription of the molecular information encoded in the deoxynucleotide sequences of DNA to the nucleotide sequences of RNA play a vital, causative, role in the coordinated adaptation of the organism to its changing environment and its nutritional needs. Pathogenesis is a manifestation of defects in transcription of the genome. Herbal extracts may target these obligatory processes. Increased availability of tools for quantitative and comprehensive analysis of messenger RNAs offer powerful means to understand and identify changes in these fundamental processes. Studies with the extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves show that the extract affects transcription of functionally diverse groups of genes in vitro and in vivo. The observations offer molecular evidence for bioactivity of the extract and offer an analytical strategy to define and predict physiological effects of complex mixtures of phytochemicals.
Relation Between Component Parts of Fibrocystic Disease Complex and Breast Cancer<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref> (1978)

Specimens of benign breast disease obtained from biopsies performed at Vanderbilt Hospital (Nashville, Tenn.) between 1952 and 1959 were histologically reviewed and characterized as to individual component types of fibrocystic disease. Follow-up for information regarding breast cancer development was 94% successful. Carcinoma developed more often when epithelial proliferative lesions were present. Atypical lobular hyperplasia had a greater predictive value than other epithelial lesions and was associated with an elevated risk six times that expected prior to the age of 45 years and a tripling of risk after the age of 45 years. Various ductal hyperplastic lesions are associated with approximately a doubly increased risk that is present only if the lesions are identified at biopsy after the age of 45 years. Women with cysts, sclerosing adenosis, fibrosis, and other nonhyperplastic changes were at no greater risk for subsequent carcinoma than women in the general population.
Toward Quantum-Resistant Strong Designated Verifier Signature from Isogenies (2012)

This paper proposes a strong designated verifier signature (SDVS) based on a recently proposed mathematical problem. It consists in searching for an isogeny between super singular elliptic curves. The problem is hypothetically strong against a quantum computer. This makes our proposal the first SDVS scheme that may be secure against a quantum computer.
Superimposed training for doubly selective channels (2004)

We adopt a basis expansion approach to model the time and frequency (i.e., doubly) selective fading channel and employ a superimposed training technique to acquire the channel state information. Specifically, we add a known periodic sequence onto, instead of multiplexing it into, the information sequence. There is no reduction in transmission rate, and it is possible to estimate the time-varying channel without requiring receiver diversity. We propose a novel Doppler frequency estimator and describe two equalizers for symbol recovery. Bit error rate performance is demonstrated for the iterative joint data-channel estimator. Tradeoffs regarding power allocation to the pilot and to the symbols are also explored.
Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 Is Involved in CD66-Mediated Phagocytosis of Opa<sub>52</sub>-Expressing<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (1999)

Opa proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bind to CD66 receptors on human phagocytes, thereby inducing efficient uptake of the bacteria in the absence of opsonins. The interaction of Opa proteins and CD66 receptors leads to activation of Src family tyrosine kinases, a process that is of critical importance for the efficient, CD66-mediated internalization. Here we show that during Opa-mediated stimulation of CD66 the activity of the host cell tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 is strongly downregulated, concomitant with increases in the tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins. Since the SHP-1 tyrosine phosphorylation level itself is influenced by Opa-induced events, this phosphatase comprises an important regulatory checkpoint of the pathogen-triggered signaling cascade in human phagocytes.
The Electrical Resistivity of Metals and Alloys (1987)

Now in paperback, this comprehensive book is the first text devoted to the problem of understanding the electrical properties of metals and alloys. Dr Rossiter, well-known for his work on the electrical resistivity of alloys, has written a book which blends results and theory, but does not rely on a strong grounding in quantum mechanics. After an introduction to the basic ideas, the concepts of atomic and magnetic correlations and their microstructural consequences are explained. Later chapters then deal with the effects of such correlations on electrical resistivity. Examples and applications of the concepts derived are given in discrete sections, allowing the uninterrupted development of theory for each specific problem, and enhancing the value of the book for a wide range of readers from theoretical and experimental solid state physicists to metallurgists and materials scientists. Anyone with an interest in the electrical conduction process or in the application of resistivity measurements to the study of alloy configuration will find this essential reading.
Enriched rearing improves behavioral responses of an animal model for CNV-based autistic-like traits (2012)

Potocki-Lupski syndrome (PTLS; MIM #610883), characterized by neurobehavioral abnormalities, intellectual disability and congenital anomalies, is caused by a 3.7-Mb duplication in 17p11.2. Neurobehavioral studies determined that ∼70-90% of PTLS subjects tested positive for autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We previously chromosomally engineered a mouse model for PTLS (Dp(11)17/+) with a duplication of a 2-Mb genomic interval syntenic to the PTLS region and identified consistent behavioral abnormalities in this mouse model. We now report extensive phenotyping with behavioral assays established to evaluate core and associated autistic-like traits, including tests for social abnormalities, ultrasonic vocalizations, perseverative and stereotypic behaviors, anxiety, learning and memory deficits and motor defects. Alterations were identified in both core and associated ASD-like traits. Rearing this animal model in an enriched environment mitigated some, and even rescued selected, neurobehavioral abnormalities, suggesting a role for gene-environment interactions in the determination of copy number variation-mediated autism severity.
Construction of a tobacco master line to improve Rubisco engineering in chloroplasts (2008)

The inability to assemble Rubisco from any photosynthetic eukaryote within Escherichia coli has hampered structure-function studies of higher plant Rubisco. Precise genetic manipulation of the tobacco chloroplast genome (plastome) by homologous recombination has facilitated the successful production of transplastomic lines that have either mutated the Rubisco large subunit (L) gene, rbcL, or replaced it with foreign variants. Here the capacity of a new tobacco transplastomic line, (cm)trL, to augment future Rubisco engineering studies is demonstrated. Initially the rbcL was replaced with the selectable marker gene, aadA, and an artificial codon-modified (cm)rbcM gene that codes for the structurally novel Rubisco dimer (L(2), approximately 100 kDa) from Rhodosprillum rubrum. To obtain (cm)trL, the aadA was excised by transiently introducing a T-DNA encoding CRE recombinase biolistically. Selection using aadA enabled transplantation of mutated and wild-type tobacco Rubisco genes into the (cm)trL plastome with an efficiency that was 3- to 10-fold higher than comparable transformations into wild-type tobacco. Transformants producing the re-introduced form I tobacco Rubisco variants (hexadecamers comprising eight L and eight small subunits, approximately 520 kDa) were identified by non-denaturing PAGE with fully segregated homoplasmic lines (where no L(2) Rubisco was produced) obtained within 6-9 weeks after transformation which enabled their Rubisco kinetics to be quickly examined. Here the usefulness of (cm)trL in more readily examining the production, folding, and assembly capabilities of both mutated tobacco and foreign form I Rubisco subunits in tobacco plastids is discussed, and the feasibility of quickly assessing the kinetic properties of those that functionally assemble is demonstrated.
Histone H3.3 Mutations Drive Pediatric Glioblastoma through Upregulation of MYCN (2013)

We provide the mechanistic explanation for how the fi rst histone gene mutation inhuman disease biology acts to deliver MYCN, a potent tumorigenic initiator, into a stem-cell compartment of the developing forebrain, selectively giving rise to incurable cerebral hemispheric GBM. Using synthetic lethal approaches to these mutant tumor cells provides a rational way to develop novel and highly selective treatment strategies
Construction of Two-Weight Codes (2005)

Coding TheoryHamming distance d H (x, y)=number of places with different letters in two codewords x and y.Minimum distance = minimum of d H (x, y) for all pairs of codewords.Error correcting capability is measured by the minimum distance. . -p.3/33 Linear CodeA linear [n, k; q] code C is a k-dimensional subspace of the vectorspace GF (q) n ..
Epoxy resin nanosuspensions and reinforced nanocomposites from polyaniline stabilized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (2012)

The high performance multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) reinforced epoxy polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) have been synthesized at different MWNT loading levels. The surface functionalization of MWNTs with conductive PANI was achieved by using a facile surface initiated polymerization method with the aid of the oxidations of CNTs and subsequent anilines by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) oxidant. The effects of MWNT loading, surface functionalization and temperature on the rheological behaviors of liquid epoxy resin nanosuspensions and on the physicochemical properties of cured solid PNCs were systematically investigated. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured epoxy PNCs filled with functionalized MWNTs obtained from the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test was increased about 6–25 °C than that of cured pure epoxy. The PNCs reinforced with functionalized MWNTs demonstrated an enhanced tensile strength than either cured pure epoxy or its PNCs filled with the as-received MWNTs. The electrical conductivity of cured epoxy PNCs with functionalized MWNTs was improved by 5.5 orders of magnitude compared with cured pure epoxy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed an enhanced thermo-stability in the cured epoxy PNCs filled with functionalized MWNTs than that of cured pure epoxy and its PNCs filled with the as-received MWNTs. The observed strong interfacial interaction between MWNTs and the epoxy resin matrix was responsible for the enhanced mechanical tensile strength. The nanocomposite formation mechanism is proposed based on the analysis from Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests.
Ski*Hi Acquisition & REtrieval (SHARE) (1992)

SHARE is an information retrieval system based OII dBASE IV (copyright Borland). It is designed to provide emy access to information related to a wiriery of topics regarding persons with disabilities. Topics are limited only by the end user's application. Owe basic bibliographic and topical information has been elitered into the system, it can be easily accessed tior otily through an assortment of reports arid searches but also through a hard copy filing system. Information cnti be used for a variety of applications rnrigingjoni nrarirriizirig daily interactions with persons who have di.sahilities, to literature reviews and design verification for a curriculum, lesson, video, etc.
Multiple sized europium(III) chelate-dyed polystyrene particles as donors in FRET – an application for sensitive protein quantification utilizing competitive adsorption (2009)

A variety of particles have been adopted as solid support in bioaffinity assays, and the ability to modify the particle properties makes them a versatile tool in assay development. In separation-free fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays, fluorescent particles have been used as donors and acceptors due to their high binding capacity and high specific activity. The availability of multiple fluorophores within the FRET range renders the orientation of individual donors and acceptors a non-factor enabling efficient sensitization. The high specific activity, being proportional to the particle size, may also inflict background fluorescence due to distance dependency of FRET, if the donor emission and detection wavelengths overlap. This is the first study to evaluate the impact of differently sized (47, 68, 92 and 202 nm in diameter) europium(III) chelate-doped polystyrene/acrylic acid donor particles on the core-related background fluorescence in a separation-free FRET-based assay utilizing competitive adsorption of acceptor-labelled protein. Within the particle size range studied, the particle core size-related background fluorescence showed no significant effect on the assay performance at the detection wavelength, which was selected on account of donor emission minimum. The assay sensitivity and dynamics showed compliancy with the rules of competitive assay. The results can be used in designing a competitive separation-free FRET-based assay utilizing particles as donors. In accordance, we applied the method for protein quantification. Sample protein prevented the adsorption of acceptor-labelled protein on the nanoparticle reducing energy transfer. Using this approach, a 100- to 1000-fold lower protein concentration was measured in comparison to traditional photometric protein assays suggesting that a high sensitivity assay can be constructed using FRET-based nanoparticle assay concepts.