gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A note on independence of a regularity-preserving operator (1970)

article A note on independence of a regularity-preserving operator Share on Authors: M. Fischer Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile , A. Meyer Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile , P. O'Neil Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile , M. Paterson Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGACT NewsIssue 4January 1970 pp 3–7https://doi.org/10.1145/1247047.1247050Online:01 January 1970Publication History 0citation27DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads27Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Role of Ester Intermediates in Isobutane Alkylation and Its Consequence for the Choice of Catalyst System (1997)

Alkylation of isobutane by olefins catalyzed by Brønsted acids involves initial reaction of the olefin with the acid to form an ester intermediate. The esters formed by the reaction of olefins with triflic acid are very short-lived under typical alkylation reaction conditions but have been made by reaction of the olefin with frozen triflic acid and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The ester intermediates are formed in an olefin-rich environment and reacts predominantly in an environment where the acid activity is high and the olefin concentration is low. This protects against oligomerization reactions, and the formation and stability of these ester intermediates in the absence of free acid, therefore, play an important role in the selectivity to the desired high-octane components typical of alkylate gasoline. The formation of relatively stable ester type intermediates represents a route to passivation of solid acid catalysts and thus favors a liquid acid catalyst for isobutane alkylation. A new fixed-bed alkylation technology using an SLP type catalyst has been developed for isobutane alkylation. It is a compromise between the wish for improved control of the acid catalyst and the chemistry of isobutane alkylation as it provides an effective control of an otherwise liquid acid catalyst without compromising the liquid phase chemistry. Results from bench-scale tests show product qualities comparable to the qualities obtained using the established technologies.
A Measure for Assessing the Adequacy of DDOS Defenses (2013)

This research proposes a measure for assessing the adequacy of DDOS detection systems. DDOS attacks pose serious threats to businesses around the globe. The best defense incorporates a plurality of detection methods. To increase the likelihood that malicious traffic can be effectively identified, multiple detection tests should be used. However, the complexity and quantity of contemporary tests makes selection difficult. This research develops a metric to assist in making such determinations. The measure was developed in three stages: first, a review of contemporary detection algorithms was conducted in order to identify specific tactics. Second, the results were clustered into logical groupings which were improved over multiple iterations. Finally, a Delphi group provided recommendations and feedback via two rounds of revision. The result is a formative measure consisting of 28 separate tests organized into 10 categories. It can be used to assess in-place defenses or guide development of new detection systems.
Isolation and purification of capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) precipitation and chromatography (2008)

Polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) is a capsular component from Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) which is used as an active ingredient in Hib vaccine. PRP was isolated and purified from harvested bulk. This experiment was done to observe the profile of purified PRP. Purification process consists of several steps, which were CTAB (cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide) precipitation, chromatography using XK-50 column (Amersham, GE) with CTAB-celite slurry as a stationary phase. CTAB solution and gradient concentration of ethanol in sodium acetate 0.05M was used as mobile phase. Ethanol 60% fraction then precipitated with sodium chloride and ethanol absolute, concentrated, diafiltrated and sterilized with filtration. From three batches of 10 liters purification, about 4.84-7.44 g of PRP could be isolated. PRP was analyzed by orcinol assay. The impurities, nucleic acid and protein, were removed to the minimum level as recommended by WHO guideline for Hib vaccine : less than 1% for both parameter determined by UV scan at 260 nm for DNA and Lowry method respectively. Molecular size of PRP was determined by High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography (HPGPC) with the result around 165-370 kDa. In conclusion this method could be used to isolate and purify the PRP.
Patterning of cells on a PVC film surface functionalized by ion irradiation (2009)

Abstract Micropatterns of cells on a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) film surface were created by using ion irradiation. A PVC film was irradiated with H + ions through a pattern mask in order to create patterns of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic regions on the PVC surface. The effect of ion irradiation on the surface properties of the PVC film was characterized by using Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), water contact angle measurement, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that the chemical environment of the PVC film surface was effectively changed by ion irradiation due to dehydrochlorination and oxidation. The in vitro cell culture on the patterned PVC film surface showed selective adhesion and proliferation of the cells on the ion‐irradiated regions. Well‐defined 50 µm patterns of the cells were obtained on the PVC film surface irradiated to 1 × 10 15 ions/cm 2 . Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communication skills in the operating department (1999)

In the second of our Back to Basics series, Marion Taylor and Claire Campbell explore the subject of effective communication within the perioperative area. Communication is often cited as an essential element in the smooth running of any department, and this article gives food for thought for all, from novice to expert. As ever, if you have any comments, use your communication skills and get in touch with me via NATN headquarters.
The Ventricular Endocardial Paced Evoked Response (1983)

The endocardial ventricular evoked response which follows delivery of a unipolar stimulus down the sensing electrode is remarkably uniform, and is of slightly longer duration at the base than at the apex of the heart. As the same lead is used for both pacing and sensing, it is possible to record the evoked T wave representing dominantly local repolarization which follows a pacing-induced depolarization from the same site. Studies of the pacing evoked response following administration of drugs with class 3 mode of action are similar to those obtained by monophasic action potential recordings, and suggest that myocardial repolarization can be accurately assessed by this technique. The stimulus to evoked T wave timing has been used to design a pacing system which offers the advantage of physiological control of pacing rate, independent of atrial activity, using a conventional endocardial electrode lead system. The potential advantages of this system are reviewed.
The Mho Distance Relay (1946)

THE NEED for more adequate discrimination by means of distance relays, between fault conditions and power swings has been heightened in recent years by the construction of longer transmission lines and by the transmission of larger amounts of energy over existing lines.
Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Analogues, Homocysteine, Methylmalonic Acid, and Transcobalamins in the Study of Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Deficiency in Primary Degenerative Dementia (1990)

B<sub>12</sub> analogues, homocysteine, methylmalonic acid (MMA), and unsaturated transcobalamins, all potential markers of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> status, were analyzed in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 22 patients with primary degenerative dementia of Alzheimer type. The level of active vitamin B12 in serum correlated significantly with serum homocysteine, serum MMA, and CSF homocysteine. CSF B<sub>12</sub> correlated significantly with serum homocysteine and serum MMA. The ratio of analogues and active vitamin B<sub>12</sub> concentrations in serum (analogue/active B<sub>12</sub> ratio) correlated significantly with serum homocysteine, serum MMA and CSF B<sub>12</sub>. This study had no control group. However, based on available reference values, high concentrations of homocysteine and MMA in serum and unsaturated transcobalamin II in plasma were interpreted as evidence of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> depletion or deficiency. Such high concentrations were found in a significant number of patients. In 9 patients, vitamin B<sub>12</sub> injections were administered. After treatment, serum homocysteine levels fell significantly. We conclude that vitamin B<sub>12</sub> analogues, homocysteine, MMA, and transcobalamins may be useful as markers in studies aimed at clarifying the role of vitamin B12 deficiency in dementia disorders.
Clausewitz en presente (2000)

Este texto resulta de la transcripción de la última sesión del seminario sobre Clausewitz, revisada por el expositor. Se sintetizan aquí las proyecciones y derivaciones del pensamiento de Clausewitz hasta lo más actual. El expositor toma a tres autores de
Nitrogen removal in constructed wetland systems (2009)

Abstract Since the mid 1990s, constructed wetlands have been increasingly used as a low‐energy ‘green’ technique, in the treatment of wastewater and stormwater, driven by the rising cost of fossil fuels and increasing concern about climate change. Among various applications of these wetlands, a significant area is the removal of nitrogenous pollutants to protect the water environment and to enable effective reclamation and reuse of the wastewater. This paper provides a review of the current state of nitrogen removal technology, focusing on existing types of wetlands, the mechanisms of nitrogen removal, major environmental factors relative to nitrogen removal, and the operation and management of the wetlands.
Transcriptional regulation of the <i>redD</i> transcriptional activator gene accounts for growth‐phase‐dependent production of the antibiotic undecylprodigiosin in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> A3(2) (1992)

Transcription of redD, the activator gene required for production of the red-pigmented antibiotic undecylprodigiosin by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), showed a dramatic increase during the transition from exponential to stationary phase. The increase in redD expression was followed by transcription of redX, a biosynthetic structural gene, and the appearance of the antibiotic in the mycelium, and coincided with the intracellular appearance of ppGpp. However, ppGpp production elicited either by nutritional shift-down of, or addition of serine hydroxamate to, exponentially growing cultures had no stimulatory effect on redD transcription. The presence of redD on a multicopy plasmid resulted in elevated levels of the redD transcript and production of redX and undecylprodigiosin during exponential growth; the normal growth-phase-dependent production of undecylprodigiosin appeared to be mediated entirely through the redD promoter, which shows limited similarity to the consensus sequence for the major class of eubacterial promoters.
Low-level radioactive waste regulation: science, politics, and fear (1988)

Setting the Stage. The Politics of Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal. Interstate Compacts for Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal: A Mechanism for Excluding Out-of-State Waste. Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal. Low-Level Radioactive Waste at University Medical Centers. Low-Level Radioactive Wastes in the Nuclear Power Industry. The Low-Level Radioactive Waste Dilemma: One Institution's Approach. Low-Level Radiation: Cancer Risk Assessment and Government Regulation to Protect Public Health. Making the World Safe for Chicken Little, or the Risks of Risk Aversion. The Low-Level Radioactive Waste Crisis: Is More Citizen Participation the Answer? Low-Level Radioactive Waste: Can New Disposal Sites Be Found? Biologic Effects of Low-Level Radiation. Safer Than Sleeping with Your Spouse-The West Valley Experience. Living the Past, Facing the Future. Glossary. List of Abbreviations. Index. 310 pp., 1988, ISBN 0-87371-026-6.
Mucocele Rate after Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction Using Vascularized Pedicled Flaps (2011)

The pedicled nasoseptal flap is an effective means of reconstruction after endoscopic skull base surgery. Avoidance of extensive stripping of the surrounding mucosa does not result in a significant rate of postoperative mucocele formation in the short term. Long-term follow-up is still indicated.
Continuous-scale physical functional performance in healthy older adults: A validation study (1996)

The CS-PFP is a valid, reliable measure of physical function, applicable to a wide range of functional levels, and having minimal floor and ceiling effect. The total and physical domains may be used to evaluate, discriminate, and predict physical functional performance for both research and clinical purposes.
QoS/QoE Measurement System Implemented on Cellular Phone for NGN (2008)

Services provided in next generation network (NGN) must provide guaranteed quality end-to-end. This is quite a challenging issue since the fluctuation of network conditions is large in a fixed mobile convergence (FMC) network. Therefore, a novel approach where a network node and a mobile terminal such as a cellular phone cooperate with each other to control the service quality is essential. In order to achieve such cooperation, the mobile terminal should become more intelligent so as to be able to measure the service quality and notify the result to the network node. Then, the network node implements some kind of service control function such as a resource or admission control function based on the notification from the mobile terminal. In this paper, the role for the mobile terminal in such cooperated system is focused on and we describe a QoS/QoE measurement system implemented on a cellular phone. By using our implemented system, we can measure the user's perceptual quality of VoIP as well as the network QoS metrics such as packet loss rate, delay and jitter in real time
Synthesis and properties of silahydrocarbons, a class of thermally stable, wide liquid range fluids (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of silahydrocarbons, a class of thermally stable, wide liquid range fluidsChrist Tamborski, Grace J. Chen, Denise R. Anderson, and Carl E. Snyder Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1983, 22, 2, 172–178Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300010a004https://doi.org/10.1021/i300010a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Proposal of an Installation Manual Generation Method for Open Source Software Using Operation Logs (2008)

An open source software (OSS) is the software whose source code has been public, usually through the Internet, so that everybody can use and modify it freely. A lot of companies, governments, and universities are now using OSS technologies because of the advantages they bring. However, the use of an OSS is actually hard for its beginners, because many OSSes have few good manuals, where they have usually been developed by volunteers. Besides, the installation of an OSS package sometimes requires installations of multiple OSS packages to be integrated together. In this paper, we propose a method of automatically generating an installation manual of an OSS package, including the one requiring the integration of multiple OSS packages. Then, we implement the proposed method for evaluations. Our experimental results in installations of OSS packages including the one requiring the integration of four packages by generated manuals verify the effectiveness of our method.
Blunt Carotid Arterial Injuries: Implications of a New Grading Scale (1999)

This BCI grading scale has prognostic and therapeutic implications. Nonoperative treatment options for grade I BCI should be evaluated in prospective, randomized trials. Accessible grade II, III, IV, and V lesions should be surgically repaired. Inaccessible grade II, III, and IV injuries should be treated with systemic anticoagulation. Endovascular techniques may be the only recourse in high grade V injuries and warrant controlled evaluation in the treatment of grade III BCI.
Cutting Edge: Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Is the Major CD8+ T Cell-Derived Licensing Factor for Dendritic Cell Activation (2010)

During priming, CD8(+) T lymphocytes can induce robust maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in a CD40-independent manner by secreting licensing factor(s). In this study, we isolate this so-far elusive licensing factor and identify it, surprisingly, as GM-CSF. This provides a new face for an old factor with a well-known supporting role in DC development and recruitment. Signaling through the GM-CSFR in ex vivo-purified DCs upregulated the expression of costimulatory molecules more efficiently than did any tested TLR agonist and provided a positive feedback loop in the stimulation of CD8(+) T cell proliferation. Combined with a variety of microbial stimuli, GM-CSF supports the formation of potent "effector" DCs capable of secreting a variety of proinflammatory cytokines that guide the differentiation of T cells during the immune response.
<i>S,S'‐</i> and <i>S,N</i>‐disubstituted derivatives of 1,3,4‐thiadiazoledithiones (1990)

Abstract Facile synthesis of 2‐ n ‐dodecylthio‐4‐phenylthiomethyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐5‐thione 6 , starting from 2,5‐dimercapthothiadiazole via 2‐ n ‐dodecylthio‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐5‐thione 2 , 2‐ n ‐dodecylthio‐4‐hydroxymethyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐5‐thione 4 and 2‐ n ‐dodecylthio‐4‐chloromethyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐5‐thione 5 is described.
A room temperature flip-chip mounting technique for laser diodes on silicon motherboards (2002)

In this presentation, a relatively simple mounting method is suggested for flip-chip mounting of arrays of edge-emitting laser diodes to arrays of fibers. What really makes the difference with known methods is the use of a room temperature mounting process using a transparent UV-curing, non conducting glue for the fixation of arrays of laser diodes. Apart from power budget problems, the only problem to be solved was the influence of the glue on the laser facets. This has been solved by the application of coatings.
Gene Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2001)

The extraordinary versatility of gene therapy opens new possibilities for the treatment of incurable diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene therapy strategies against tumors include prodrug activation therapy by the transfer of suicide genes, immunogene therapy, tumoral cell phenotype correction by the inhibition of oncogenes or the transfer of tumor suppressor genes, antiangiogenesis and transfer of oncolytic viruses. The experience accumulated during the last decade of clinical gene therapy indicates that genes can be expressed inside the tumor tissue, but the overall results of the studies conducted so far are still disappointing, mainly due to the poor performance of the currently available gene therapy vectors. This review covers the general aspects of gene therapy vectors, preclinical data available in animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma, and finally a brief summary of the gene therapy clinical trials aimed at the treatment of liver cancer.
A Review of EEG Biofeedback Treatment of Anxiety Disorders (2000)

Alpha, theta and alpha-theta enhancements are effective treatments of the anxiety disorders (Table 1). Alpha suppression is also effective, but less so (Table 2). Perceived success in carrying out the task plays an important role in clinical improvement. Research is needed to find out how much more effective they are than placebo, and which variables are important for efficacy. Variables needing study are: duration of treatment, type and severity of anxiety, number and type of EEG waveforms used, pretreatment with other kinds of feedback, position and number of electrodes, and presence of concomitant medication.
Millimeter wavelength thermographic scanner (1981)

Two new types of thermographic instruments sensitive to millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation have been designed, constructed, and tested. These instruments utilize wavelengths that are three orders of magnitude longer and much more penetrating than those used in conventional infrared thermography. The instruments are capable of detecting apparent thermal variations as small as a fraction of a degree existing at tissue depths of several millimeters below the skin. By comparison, conventional IR thermographic units are limited to sampling radiation emitted only from the surface. The millimeter wave thermographic units are designed to contribute to the clinical detection of breast abnormalities with the specific aim of accurately and noninvasively detecting breast cancer.
A complex systems approach to service discovery (2004)

Complex systems are those systems composed of many, often very simple, interacting autonomous entities. Interactions between these entities give rise to behaviour and patterns at the global level that cannot be predicted by examining the behaviour of any single individual component in the system. By this definition, pervasive computing environments are complex systems. This paper develops the idea that complex systems theory can aid the design of service discovery, and that results from the field of complex networks research can be applied to service discovery protocols to improve their scalability and robustness. We describe the influences of complex systems theory on the design of an existing service discovery protocol for pervasive computing environments, and show that the application of complex systems ideas can improve scalability, performance and robustness of service discovery protocols.