gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases: Antimicrobial Therapy 1996/1997 (1996)

Part 1 Summary of antimicrobial agents by class: antibacterial agents penicillins cephalosporins other B-lactam antibiotics B-lactamase inhibitors aminogylcosides and spectinomycin - aminocyclitols tetracyclines and chloramphenicols rifamycins metronidazole macrolides and clindamycin vancomycin and tericoplanin sulfonamides trimethoprim quinolones antimycobacterial agents antifungal agents antiviral agents antiparasitic agents. Part 2 Empiric therapy for infectious syndromes: fever upper respiratory infections lower respiratory infection urinary tract infections sepsis peritonitis and intra-abdominal infection cardiovascular infections central nervous system infections skin and soft tissue infections trauma-related infections gastrointestinal infection bone and joint infections sexually transmitted diseases eye infections. Part 3 Preferred therapy for specific pathogens: bacteria, chlamydia, rickettsia and related organisms fungi parasites viruses. Part 4 Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. Part 5 Therapy for HIV associated infection: antiretroviral therapy opportunistic infections. Part 6 Prophylaxis: prophylaxis for surgical procedures prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis for medical conditions. Part 7 Antimicrobial agents in pregnancy. Part 8 Pharmacology and dosage of antimicrobialagents. Part 9 Generic/Trade and Trade/Generic lists.
Discharge Processes in a Low-Voltage Microgap Surge Absorber (1985)

Discharge processes in the newly developed microgap surge absorber (MSA) are studied using a photomultiplier and image converter camera. The MSA is for the protection of low-voltage circuits from overvoltage surges and consists of a semiconducting thin film coated on a ceramic tube with microgaps which are made by removing annular rings in the coated film by a laser beam. The highly desirable characteristics of the MSA as a surge absorber result from the microgap which supplies initial electrons and triggers a surface streamer to build up a glow discharge.
The <i>CLAVATA</i> and <i>SHOOT MERISTEMLESS</i> loci competitively regulate meristem activity in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1996)

The CLAVATA (CLV1 and CLV3) and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) genes specifically regulate shoot meristem development in Arabidopsis. CLV and STH appear to have opposite functions: c1v1 and Clv3 mutants accumulate excess undifferentiated cells in the shoot and floral meristem, while stm mutants fail to form the undifferentiated cells of the shoot meristem during embryonic development. We have identified a weak allele of stm (stm-2) that reveals STM is not only required for the establish- ment of the shoot meristem, but is also required for the continued maintenance of undifferentiated cells in the shoot meristem and for proper proliferation of cells in the floral meristem. We have found evidence of genetic interactions between the CLV and STM loci. clv1 and c1v3 mutations partially suppressed the stm-1 and stm-2 phenotypes, and were capable of suppression in a dominant fashion. clv stm double mutants and plants homozygous for stm but heterozygous for clv, while still lacking an embryonic shoot meristem, exhibited greatly enhanced postembryonic shoot and floral meristem development. Although stm phenotypes are recessive, stm mutations dominantly suppressed clv homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes. These results indicate that the stm phenotype is sensitive to the levels of CLV activity, while the clv phenotype is sensitive to the level of STM activity. We propose that these genes play related but opposing roles in the regulation of cell division and/or cell differentiation in shoot and floral meristems.
BISTABLE OPTICAL ELEMENT AND ITS APPLICATIONS (1969)

Optical resonators containing saturable absorbers (saturable resonators) have nonlinear characteristics and can exhibit hysteresis. This is demonstrated experimentally at 10.6 μ wavelength. A saturable resonator is used to switch out the CO2 laser light from its cavity and for repetitive Q-switching. Devices are described to obtain variable length pulses, infinite pulse trains, logical operations on two signals, and memory functions.
Airway smooth muscle in the pathophysiology and treatment of asthma (2013)

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays an integral part in the pathophysiology of asthma. It is responsible for acute bronchoconstriction, which is potentiated by constrictor hyperresponsiveness, impaired relaxation and length adaptation. ASM also contributes to airway remodeling and inflammation in asthma. In light of this, ASM is an important target in the treatment of asthma.
Towards a co-design implementation of a system for model predictive control (2005)

Panagiotis Vouzis, Leonidas G. Bleris, Mayuresh V. Kothare, and Mark Arnold Traditional control techniques face limitations when applied to novel technological applications that are characterized by increased complexity. As an example in biomedical applications, such as active implantable devices, a violation of constraints or a failure to meet control objectives can threaten human life. Model Predictive Control (MPC) appears to be a suitable choice for many of these problems [1]. MPC relies on solving computationally optimization problems characterized by abundant matrix operations with the complexity of the operations increasing considerably with the size of the parameters involved. In this work we provide a framework for the development of low-power and small-chip area real-time MPC implementations, based on codesign analysis, i.e., the cooperative design of hardware and software to achieve the most efficient system. Notably, embedded MPC can be used for numerous areas including biomedical, automotive, robotics or aeronautic applications.
An offloading scheme leveraging on neighboring node resources for edge computing over fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks (2019)

The computation resources at a single node in Edge Computing (EC) are commonly limited, which cannot execute large scale computation tasks. To face the challenge, an Offloading scheme leveraging on NEighboring node Resources (ONER) for EC over Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) access networks is proposed in this paper. In the ONER scheme, the FiWi network connects edge computing nodes with fiber and converges wireless and fiber connections seamlessly, so that it can support the offloading transmission with low delay and wide bandwidth. Based on the ONER scheme supported by FiWi networks, computation tasks can be offloaded to edge computing nodes in a wider range of area without increasing wireless hops (e.g., just one wireless hop), which achieves low delay. Additionally, an efficient Computation Resource Scheduling (CRS) algorithm based on the ONER scheme is also proposed to make offloading decision. The results show that more offloading requests can be satisfied and the average completion time of computation tasks decreases significantly with the ONER scheme and the CRS algorithm. Therefore, the ONER scheme and the CRS algorithm can schedule computation resources at neighboring edge computing nodes for offloading to meet the challenge of large scale computation tasks.
In vivo siRNA delivery system for targeting to the liver by poly-l-glutamic acid-coated lipoplex (2014)

In this study, we developed anionic polymer-coated liposome/siRNA complexes (lipoplexes) with chondroitin sulfate C (CS), poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) and poly-aspartic acid (PAA) for siRNA delivery by intravenous injection, and evaluated the biodistribution and gene silencing effect in mice. The sizes of CS-, PGA- and PAA-coated lipoplexes were about 200 nm and their ζ-potentials were negative. CS-, PGA- and PAA-coated lipoplexes did not induce agglutination after mixing with erythrocytes. In terms of biodistribution, siRNAs after intravenous administration of cationic lipoplexes were largely observed in the lungs, but those of CS-, PGA- and PAA-coated lipoplexes were in both the liver and the kidneys, indicating that siRNA might be partially released from the anionic polymer-coated lipoplexes in the blood circulation and accumulate in the kidney, although the lipoplexes can prevent the agglutination with blood components. To increase the association between siRNA and cationic liposome, we used cholesterol-modified siRNA (siRNA-Chol) for preparation of the lipoplexes. When CS-, PGA- and PAA-coated lipoplexes of siRNA-Chol were injected into mice, siRNA-Chol was mainly observed in the liver, not in the kidneys. In terms of the suppression of gene expression in vivo, apolipoprotein B (ApoB) mRNA in the liver was significantly reduced 48 h after single intravenous injection of PGA-coated lipoplex of ApoB siRNA-Chol (2.5 mg siRNA/kg), but not cationic, CS- and PAA-coated lipoplexes. In terms of toxicity after intravenous injection, CS-, PGA- and PAA-coated lipoplexes did not increase GOT and GPT concentrations in blood. From these findings, PGA coatings for cationic lipoplex of siRNA-Chol might produce a systemic vector of siRNA to the liver.
A dynamic voltage scaling algorithm for energy reduction in hard real-time systems (2005)

As the quantity and functional complexity of battery powered portable devices continues to rise, energy efficient design of such devices has become increasingly important. Many real-time scheduling algorithms have been developed recently to reduce energy consumption in hard real-time embedded systems that use dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) capable processors. This paper explores an algorithm that seeks to reduce energy consumption by considering tasks in tandem, with the intuition that what may be a good frequency for one task, may be much worse for another. In particular, our algorithm considers pairs of tasks, and optimizes them simultaneously so that their total energy consumption is minimized while all deadlines are met. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to effectively improve on the results of look-ahead EDF, one of the best energy-aware schedulers, especially for task sets with moderate utilization, and "harmonious" task periodicity.
Donor Recruitment for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (2015)

Recruitment of fecal donors for FMT is challenging with only a small percentage ultimately serving as donors. Many were unable or unwilling to meet the donor commitment requirements. A surprisingly large proportion of healthy asymptomatic donors failed stool testing, primarily due to gastrointestinal parasites.
Inhibition of binding of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>to the glycolipid receptors by probiotic<i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> (2002)

We examined the competition of binding of Lactobacillus reuteri and Helicobacter pylori to gangliotetraosylceramide (asialo-GM1) and sulfatide which are putative glycolipid receptor molecules of H. pylori, and identified a possible sulfatide-binding protein of the L. reuteri strain. Among nine L. reuteri strains, two (JCM1081 and TM105) were shown to bind to asialo-GM1 and sulfatide, and to inhibit binding of H. pylori to both glycolipids by a thin layer chromatogram-overlay assay using biotin-labeled bacterial cells. The extract from the bacterial cells of strain TM105 with several detergents, including octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, retained binding to both glycolipids and also inhibited H. pylori binding, suggesting that a binding inhibitor(s) is associated with the bacterial cell surface. When the cell extract was applied to the agarose gel immobilized galactose 3-sulfate corresponding to the structure of sugar moieties of sulfatide, an approximately 47-kDa protein was found to bind to the gel. This observation strongly suggested that inhibition by selected L. reuteri strains help to prevent infection in an early stage of colonization in H. pylori and proposed that L. reuteri strains sharing glycolipid specificity with H. pylori have a potential as probiotics.
<title>Correlation between power density fluctuation and grain size distribution of laser-annealed polycrystalline silicon</title> (1999)

The grain size of polycrystalline silicon by the excimer laser annealing (ELA) is primarily determined by the fluence, and the distribution uniformity is strongly influenced by the intensity fluctuation. Instead of the conventional CCD profile, a resist film is used to monitor the light intensity distributions over whole illumination area in submicron resolution. The high resolution measurements show speckle patterns with 0.1-0.15 spacing with maximum 10mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> variation. The fluctuation does not influence the grain size variation in the lateral growth region over 1-2 micrometers area, however, the undulation of intensity about 10mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> over 10 micrometers distance produces an appreciable changes in the grain sizes. Such a local temperature distribution corresponds to the envelop obtained by averaging small area, and is maintained during crystallization process.
Involvement of substance P and the NK-1 receptor in pancreatic cancer (2014)

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer related-death for both men and women and the 1- and 5-year relative survival rates are 25% and 6%, respectively. Thus, it is urgent to investigate new antitumor drugs to improve the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. The peptide substance P (SP) has a widespread distribution throughout the body. After binding to the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor, SP regulates biological functions related to cancer, such as tumor cell proliferation, neoangiogenesis, the migration of tumor cells for invasion, infiltration and metastasis, and it exerts an antiapoptotic effects on tumor cells. It is known that the SP/NK-1 receptor system is involved in pancreatic cancer progression: (1) pancreatic cancer cells and samples express NK-1 receptors; (2) the NK-1 receptor is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells in comparison with non-tumor cells; (3) nanomolar concentrations of SP induce pancreatic cancer cell proliferation; (4) NK-1 receptor antagonists inhibit pancreatic cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, at a certain concentration, these antagonists inhibit 100% of tumor cells; (5) this antitumor action is mediated through the NK-1 receptor, and tumor cells die by apoptosis; and (6) NK-1 receptor antagonists inhibit angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer xenografts. All these data suggest that the SP/NK-1 receptor system could play an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer; that the NK-1 receptor could be a new promising therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer, and that NK-1 receptor antagonists could improve the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Continuous Low-Level Topical Heat in the Treatment of Dysmenorrhea (2001)

In Brief Objective To compare the efficacy of topically applied heat for menstrual pain with oral ibuprofen and placebo treatment. Methods We conducted a randomized placebo and active controlled (double dummy), parallel study using an abdominal patch (heated or unheated) for approximately 12 consecutive hours per day and oral medication (placebo or ibuprofen 400 mg) three times daily, approximately 6 hours apart for 2 consecutive days. Pain relief and pain intensity were recorded at 17 time points. There was at least 85% power to detect a true one-unit difference in the 2-day pain relief treatment means for comparisons with the unheated patch plus oral placebo group using a one-tailed test at the .05 level of significance, based on an observed within-group standard deviation of 1.147. Results Eighty-four patients were enrolled and 81 completed the study protocol. Over the 2 days of treatment, the heated patch plus placebo tablet group (mean 3.27, P < .001), the unheated patch plus ibuprofen group (mean 3.07, P = .001), and the combination heated patch plus ibuprofen group (mean 3.55, P < .001) had significantly greater pain relief than the unheated patch plus placebo group (mean 1.95). Greater pain relief was not observed for the combination heated patch plus ibuprofen group compared with the unheated patch plus ibuprofen group (P = .096); however, the time to noticeable pain relief was statistically significantly shorter for the heated patch plus ibuprofen group (median 1.5 hours) compared with the unheated patch plus ibuprofen group (median 2.79 hours, P = .01). Conclusion Continuous low-level topical heat therapy was as effective as ibuprofen for the treatment of dysmenorrhea. Topically applied heat was effective in treating primary dysmenorrhea.
Exploring Treebank Transformations in Dependency Parsing (2009)

This paper presents a set of experiments performed on parsing the Basque Dependency Treebank. We have concentrated on treebank transformations, maintaining the same basic parsing algorithm across the experiments. The experiments can be classified in two groups: 1) feature optimization, which is important mainly due to the fact that Basque is an agglutinative language, with a rich set of morphosyntactic features attached to each word, 2) graph transformations, ranging from language independent methods, such as projectivization, to language specific approaches, as coordination and subordinated sentences, where syntactic properties of Basque have been used to reshape the dependency trees used for training the system. The transformations have been tested independently and also in combination, showing that their order of application is relevant. The experiments were performed using a freely available state of the art data-driven dependency parser [11].
Cabinet Layout Optimization of Supercomputer Topologies for Shorter Cable Length (2012)

As the scales of supercomputers increase total cable length becomes enormous, e.g., up to thousands of kilometers. Recent high-radix switches with dozens of ports make switch layout and system packaging more complex. In this study, we study the optimization of the physical layout of topologies of switches on a machine room floor with the goal of reducing cable length. For a given topology, using graph clustering algorithms, we group switches logically into cabinets so that the number of inter-cabinet cables is small. Then, we map the cabinets onto a physical floor space so as to minimize total cable length. This is done by modeling and optimizing the mapping problem as a facility location problem. Our evaluation results show that, when compared to standard clustering/mapping approaches and for popular network topologies, our clustering approach can reduce the number of inter-cabinet cables by up to 40.3% and our mapping approach can reduce the inter-rack cable length by up to 39.6%.
<i>m</i>-lines technique: prism coupling measurement and discussion of accuracy for homogeneous waveguides (2000)

A method is proposed to measure the thickness of the air layer between the prism and the waveguide in a totally reflecting prism coupler. The coupling efficiency of a Gaussian beam from the prism into the waveguide can be calculated when the air-layer thickness (ALT) is known.
32 × 32 silicon photonic MEMS switch with gap-adjustable directional couplers fabricated in commercial CMOS foundry (2021)

We report on a 32 × 32 silicon photonic micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) switch with gap-adjustable directional couplers. The switch is fabricated on 200-mm silicon-on-insulator wafers in a commercial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) foundry. The fabricated device has a maximum on-chip loss of 7.7 dB and an extinction ratio of 50.8 dB. The switching voltage is 9.45 V and the 20-dB bandwidth is 28.7 nm. Our work shows a promising path for mass production of silicon photonic MEMS switches in commercial CMOS foundries.
A Randomized Comparison of Continuous Combined Transdermal Delivery of Estradiol-Norethindrone Acetate and Estradiol Alone for Menopause (1999)

In Brief Objective To determine whether a continuous estradiolnorethindrone acetate transdermal delivery system reduces incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women more than transdermal estradiol (E2) alone. Methods Six hundred twenty-five postmenopausal women were assigned randomly to one of four treatments, transdermal E2 50 μg/day, or transdermal E2-norethindrone acetate with 50 μg E2 and 140, 250, or 400 μg/day of norethindrone acetate. Follow-up visits to collect information on safety and efficacy were scheduled at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after initiation of treatment. Endometrial biopsy for histologic evaluation was done at baseline and upon exit from the study (completion or withdrawal). Endometrial histology was evaluated by two independent gynecologic pathologists. In the event of a disparate reading, a third gynecologic pathologist evaluated the tissue using predetermined criteria. Results Endometrial hyperplasia was found in 37.9% (39 of 103) in the E2 alone group versus 0.8% (one of 123), 1% (one of 98), and 1.1% (one of 89) in the E2-norethindrone acetate 50-140, 50-250, and 50-400 groups, respectively (P < .001). Uterine bleeding was less frequent in the E2-norethindrone acetate 50-140 group than other treatments. The mean number of hot flushes per day decreased to less than one in each treatment group at endpoint. The E2-norethindrone acetate combination patch showed skin tolerance comparable to that of E2 alone. Conclusion Continuous transdermal delivery of E2 combined with norethindrone acetate effectively prevented endometrial hyperplasia in healthy postmenopausal women. Continuous combined transdermal delivery systems provide increased dosing flexibility and might improve convenience and compliance with hormone replacement therapy. Continuous transdermal estradiol-norethindrone acetate is safe and effective hormone replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women.
Lagrangian coherent structures in n-dimensional systems (2007)

Numerical simulations and experimental observations reveal that unsteady fluid systems can be divided into regions of qualitatively different dynamics. The key to understanding transport and stirring is to identify the dynamic boundaries between these almost-invariant regions. Recently, ridges in finite-time Lyapunov exponent fields have been used to define such hyperbolic, almost material, Lagrangian coherent structures in two-dimensional systems. The objective of this paper is to develop and apply a similar theory in higher dimensional spaces. While the separatrix nature of these structures is their most important property, a necessary condition is their almost material nature. This property is addressed in this paper. These results are applied to a model of Rayleigh-Bénard convection based on a three-dimensional extension of the model of Solomon and Gollub.
Spatial Patterns of Localized-Stage Prostate Cancer Incidence Among White and Black Men in the Southeastern United States, 1999-2001 (2010)

Although evidence of racial disparity in prostate cancer was found, there were some encouraging findings. Studies of community-level factors that might contribute to these findings are recommended.
On-chip optical interconnect on silicon by transfer printing (2018)

On-chip optical interconnects consisting of transfer-printed micro-LEDs and photodiodes are presented. Static and dynamic data transmission and bi-directional interconnect are demonstrated. The results show the potential for cost-effective and small form-factor on-chip opto-isolators.
Aluminum oxide thin films prepared by chemical vapor deposition from aluminum 2-ethylhexanoate (1991)

Aluminum oxide thin films were prepared by a low-temperature atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition method. The raw material was aluminum 2-ethylhexanoate, which is nontoxic and easy to handle. At a reaction temperature above 480 °C, an amorphous film can be obtained on glass and silicon (100) substrates. The reaction temperature and the deposition rate are comparable to the corresponding values in the low-temperature chemical vapor depositions of Al2O3. In addition, the deposition can be carried out in air. Aluminum 2-ethylhexanoate appears to offer a viable alternative to alkylaluminum, aluminum β-diketonate, and alkoxide for low-temperature Al2O3 production.