gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gewerbliche Bürgschaften als Sicherheiten im Projektgeschäft (II): Bürgschaften auf erstes Anfordern (1998)

Burgschaften auf erstes Anfordern sind ein wichtiges Element in Sicherungsstrukturen fur Projektfinanzierungen und komplexe Langzeitvertrage. Kreditinstitute und Kreditversicherungen ubernehmen solche Burgschaften im eigenen Geschaftsinteresse. Fur diese „gewerblichen Burgschaften“ bildet sich immer mehr ein Sonderrecht heraus, das mit den Burgschaften armer Familienangehoriger kaum etwas gemein hat. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen praxisbezogenen Uberblick uber die Besonderheiten des Haftungsumfanges und die „Fusangeln“ bei ihrer Verwertung auch unter Berucksichtigung landerubergreifender Sachverhalte. Er hat sich im ersten Teil mit der selbstschuldnerischen Burgschaft beschaftigt (ZBB 1998, 43). Der zweite Teil befast sich mit der Burgschaft auf erstes Anfordern
Quantification of Ozone Levels in Indoor Environments Generated by Ionization and Ozonolysis Air Purifiers (2006)

Indoor air purifiers are advertised as safe household products for health-conscious individuals, especially for those suffering from allergies and asthma. However, certain air purifiers produce ozone (O3) during operation, either intentionally or as a byproduct of air ionization. This is a serious concern, because O3 is a criteria air pollutant regulated by health-related federal and state standards. Several types of air purifiers were tested for their ability to produce ozone in various indoor environments at 40-50% relative humidity, including office rooms, bathrooms, bedrooms, and cars. O3 levels generated by personal wearable air purifiers were also tested. In many cases, O3 concentrations were well in excess of public and/or industrial safety levels established by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, California Air Resources Board, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Simple kinetic equations were obtained that can predict the steady-state level of O3 in a room from the O3 emission rate of the air purifier and the first-order decay rate of O3 in the room. The additivity of O3 levels generated by independent O3 generators was experimentally demonstrated.
Effect of Bleed air on Performance of Turbofan Engines (2013)

Present and future wide-body airliners (such as the Airbus 350, A380 and Boeing 787) are powered by high bypass ratio (HBPR) turbofan engines. To maximize its thrust force and performance parameters, turbine cooling is a necessity. Air bled from compressor is used for turbine cooling. Such bleed ratio is examined in his work to analyze both its effects on turbine and the overall engine performance. As a case study, three spool mixed and unmixed engine (similar to Trent 700) is examined. Operating conditions are flight Mach of 0.82, altitude 12,000 meters and the maximum temperature ranging from 1500 to 1700 Kelvin. A comparison between two cases of mixed and unmixed turbofan engines is performed. Matlab-7 is used to simulate and analyze thermal cycle of both cases. A case of 8% air bleed is employed for both engines. For uncooled mixed turbofan engine bleed air decreased specific thrust by 0.84% which is negligible compared with the increased maximum temperature of the engine from 1200 to 1700 Kelvin, which led to an increase specific thrust by 25%. Uncooled unmixed turbofan engine bleed air decreases specific thrust by 56% but this depletion increases the temperature of the turbine from 1200 to 1700 K, which increases the thrust by more than two folds. The present study determines the relationships between engine performance parameters and design parameters for HBPR Trent 700 unmixed turbofan engine. Comparison between mixed and unmixed turbofan designs is next performed. The effect of bleed air from high pressure compressor to cool high and intermediate pressure turbines on engine performance is finally examined. The paper ends with a brief summary of conclusions that include, but not limited, to the following points:
Identification of <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> by PCR (1998)

Lactococcus garvieae junior synonym Enterococcus seriolicida) is an emerging zoonotic agent isolated from economically important fish (rainbow trout and yellowtail), from cattle, and from humans. Clindamycin susceptibility is the only phenotypic test which can differentiate L. garvieae from Lactococcus lactis, another emerging agent in humans. A PCR assay for the identification of L. garvieae was developed and resulted in an amplified fragment of 1,100 bp in size. The PCR assay was shown to be specific to L. garvieae. The PCR assay was positive for all the L. garvieae strains tested, which originated from three different continents (Asia, Australia, and Europe). The PCR assay was negative for the phenotypically similar L. lactis and for all the other fish pathogens tested, including Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas salmonicida. The PCR assay was applied to plasma obtained from diseased animals and was found sensitive enough to detect bacteria from 1 microl of plasma. The PCR assay that was developed is the only practical test besides the clindamycin test which can specifically identify the zoonotic agent L. garvieae and which can differentiate it from L. lactis.
Fluorescent protein tagging as a tool to define the subcellular distribution of proteins in plants (2013)

Fluorescent protein (FP) tagging approaches are widely used to determine the subcellular location of plant proteins. Here we give a brief overview of FP approaches, highlight potential technical problems, and discuss what to consider when designing FP/protein fusion constructs and performing transformation assays. We analyze published FP tagging data sets along with data from proteomics studies collated in SUBA3, a subcellular location database for Arabidopsis proteins, and assess the reliability of these data sets by comparing them. We also outline the limitations of the FP tagging approach for defining protein location and investigate multiple localization claims by FP tagging. We conclude that the collation of localization datasets in databases like SUBA3 is helpful for revealing discrepancies in location attributions by different techniques and/or by different research groups.
Phase Properties of Carbon-Supported Gold−Platinum Nanoparticles with Different Bimetallic Compositions (2005)

The ability to control the composition and phase properties of bimetallic nanoparticles is critical in exploring catalytic properties. In this paper we present results from a study aimed at determining those properties for carbon-supported gold−platinum (AuPt) catalysts with different bimetallic compositions. The bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts are prepared by a two-phase synthesis protocol employing organic monolayer encapsulation on bimetallic AuPt cores (∼2 nm). The size-controlled nanoparticles are assembled on carbon black support materials with controllable dispersion and metal loading and are further treated by calcination under controlled temperature and atmosphere. The core composition of the bimetallic nanoparticles is determined by direct current plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Structural characterization is carried out by X-ray diffraction. The bimetallic nanoparticles were shown to display alloy properties, which is in sharp contrast to the bimetallic miscibility gap known for the bulk counterpart of the bimetallic metals. This finding demonstrates the difference of the physical and chemical properties for nanoscale materials from the bulk crystalline state, revealing important details of the phase properties of the bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts and new information for the correlation between the composition and the phase properties at the nanoscale. Implications of our findings to the design and manipulation of the bimetallic nanoparticles for catalytic applications are also discussed.
Antihypertensive effects of crude extracts from leaves of <i>Echinodorus grandiflorus</i> (2008)

The antihypertensive action of a crude ethanolic extract (EEEG) from leaves of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Alismataceae) was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The intraperitoneal injection of increasing doses of EEEG (300-1000 mg/kg) elicited dose-dependent reductions in mean arterial pressure (MAP) that were paralleled by reductions of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, reaching the maximum of 23 +/- 5%, 13 +/- 3% and 18 +/- 4%, respectively (n = 5, P < 0.05). Comparable reductions of MAP were obtained upon i.v. administration of EEEG (3-100 mg/kg), reaching the maximum decrease of 51 +/- 6% (n = 7; P < 0.001). The blockade of nitric oxide synthesis significantly reduced the hypotension induced by i.v. administration of EEEG. Moreover, the pre-treatment of the animals with a selective antagonist of cholinergic muscarinic receptors or of platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptors partially blunted the cardiovascular effects of EEEG. The i.v. pre-treatment with the selective B(2) bradykinin receptor antagonist HOE 140 or with indomethacin, an inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, did not prevent the hypotensive effects induced by EEEG. Finally, the chronic oral treatment with EEEG presented a significant antihypertensive effect that was comparable to that of reference antihypertensive drugs currently used to treat arterial hypertension. It is concluded that EEEG elicits significant acute antihypertensive effects through the release of nitric oxide and the stimulation of cholinergic muscarinic and PAF receptors. Moreover, our results suggest that EEEG may be appropriate to chronic oral treatment of arterial hypertension.
π/4-shift QPSK coherent detection demodulator for TDMA/TDD systems (2002)

A /spl pi//4-shifted quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) coherent detection demodulator for microcellular time division multiple access/time division duplexing (TDMA/TDD) systems is proposed. The demodulator employs a reverse-modulation type carrier recovery circuit with a -/spl pi//4 signal phase rotator for coherent detection, and an initial clock recovery circuit for fast synchronization of transmitted bursts. Computer simulation results show that coherent detection with the proposed carrier recovery circuit reduces the irreducible frame error rate by 50% compared with differential detection and achieves a 4-dB improvement at a frame error rate of 10/sup -2/ with transmission diversity in the fading channel typical of personal communication.
Discovering, ranking and annotating cross-document relationships between concepts (2010)

This paper presents CDRMiner, a system for automatically discovering, ranking and annotating cross-document links between concepts. Specifically, we focus on detecting hidden associations between two concepts and further generating annotations for each discovered hypothesis. We interpret such a relationship query as finding the most meaningful concept chains and evidence trails across multiple documents that potentially connect them. These functionalities are implemented using an interactive visualization paradigm which assists users for a better understanding and interpretation of discovered hypotheses, and matching their domain knowledge with the algorithmic power of text mining techniques.
Gene Expression Profile of Long-Lived Snell Dwarf Mice (2002)

To gain further insight into the basis for the extended longevity and delayed aging of Snell dwarf (dw/dw) mice, we have measured levels of expression of 2352 genes in liver of mice at 6 months of age. We find 60 genes for the which the Student's t statistic meets the arbitrary criterion of p <.001, and among these 17 meet the Bonferroni-adjusted significance criterion at p <.05, which corresponds to a nominal value of p <.00002. Using the Bonferroni criterion, we find that dwarf mice show increases in liver mRNA for two mannose-binding lectins, two DNA binding proteins, serum amyloid P component, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2, as well as decreases in a two phosphodiesterases, a pheromone-binding urinary protein, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a calcium-binding protein calgranulin B, a deubiquitinating enzyme, a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a DNA methyltransferase, a glycine transporter, and a placental lactogen. We also use this data set to compare the results of different suggested criteria for evaluating intergroup differences in gene expression. Of the 2352 genes examined, 524 (22%) showed a twofold difference between dwarf and normal mice, but most of these fail to meet the conventional significance criterion of p <.05, let alone criteria that have been adjusted to compensate for multiple comparison artifacts. The list of genes that show reliable differences between dwarf and control animals provides new insights into the range of changes induced by deficiencies in growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin, and it will help to guide further studies of the pathways by which these hormone deficiencies contribute to delayed aging in these mutant mice.
Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice (1992)

Transmission from four cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to mice resulted in neurological disease in 100% of recipient animals, after incubation periods of between 265 and 700 days post-injection. The results from the four cases were very similar to one another. There were major differences in the incubation period between the four inbred strains of mice tested, and even between strains of the same Sinc genotype, and the incubation periods of Sinc heterozygote mice were much longer than those for any of the inbred strains. Transmission from a case of natural scrapie differed in two important respects: there were no differences in the incubation period between mouse strains of the same Sinc genotype, and that of the heterozygotes was between those of the Sinc homozygotic parental strains. The distribution of vacuolar degeneration in the brains of mice infected with scrapie also differed from those infected with the BSE isolates. Transmission was also achieved from formol-fixed BSE brain. These results show that the same strain of agent caused disease in the BSE cases, and that the relationship of BSE to scrapie in sheep is unclear.
Ultrastructural study of the epithelium of the normal human vulva. (1996)

An ultrastructural study of the pathology of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (Friedrich, 1987) necessitated a detailed knowledge of the epithelial surface of the vulva. As this has previously been characterised only at the light microscopy level, a comprehensive electron microscopical study of the vulva was considered critical to the study of the pathological tissue. A comparison between vulvar, vaginal and keratinised perineal epithelia, confirmed the resemblance of vulvar epithelium to partially keratinised mucosal-like epithelia. No conclusive evidence of keratinisation was observed and the characteristic granular and spiny cell layers found in skin were absent. The prominent cell type was the glycogenated intermediate cell, which formed a structurally homogeneous layer of cells. Other cell types present were: superficial flattened cells, many having nuclei, traces of organelles and large glycogen deposits; suprabasal cells; and basal cells, some of which appeared mitotically active rich in organelles. All cell layers were characterised by the presence of numerous interdigitating cytoplasmic processes, small numbers of infrequent desmosomal junctions and pale staining cytokeratin filaments.
LOW HEMATOCRIT BUT NOT PERFUSION PRESSURE DURING CPB IS PREDICTIVE FOR RENAL FAILURE FOLLOWING CABG SURGERY (1998)

Introduction. Acute renal failure (ARF) requiring dialysis occurs in 1% to 5% of patients following cardiac surgery, and remains a cause of major morbidity and mortality. While some preoperative risk factors have been characterized [1], the influence of intraoperative factors on the occurrence of ARF following cardiac surgery is less well understood. We examined the hypothesis that low hematocrit and low perfusion pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) influence the development of ARF following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods. With IRB approval, perioperative data for 1404 first time CABG surgical patients from February 1st 1995 to February 1st 1997 was gathered from the Duke Heart Center and Anesthesia Databases including: age, sex, race, weight, history of stroke, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), congestive heart failure (CHF), diabetes (DM), obstructive lung disease (COPD), carotid bruit (PreCarBr), serum creatinine (PreCr), ejection fraction (PreEF), CPB duration, number of grafts, lowest CPB hematocrit (MinHct), lowest inflow (LowinflT) and nasopharyngeal (LowNpT) temperatures, and requirement for intraaortic balloon pump post CPB (IABP). Radial mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded automatically every minute using the Arkive Information Management System, and the time-pressure integral representing total MAP area <50mmHg during CPB (TM<50) was calculated. Postoperative ARF was identified as moderate (a rise of >or=to1.0mg/dl Cr) or severe (requiring dialysis). Association of variables with ARF was assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis, p<.05 was considered significant. Results. 95 of the 1404 CABG patients developed ARF (moderate-89, severe-6). MinHct was significantly lower, assessed by multivariate analysis, in the ARF group (18.8 +/- 3.6 vs 19.4 +/- 3.8%), while TM<50 was similar in both groups (ARF: 162 +/- 195 vs nonARF: 141 +/- 166 mmHg.min). Association of other variables is presented in Table 1.Table 1Discussion. We found the lowest hematocrit during CPB to be an independent predictor of ARF following CABG surgery, whereas an index of low perfusion pressure during CPB (TM<50) was not associated with post CABG ARF. Several previously reported perioperative risk factors [1] were also associated with ARF in our study. These data question the wisdom of tolerating severe anemia during CPB for CABG surgery.
Assessment of endothelial damage in atherosclerotic vascular disease by quantification of circulating endothelial cells Relationship with von Willebrand factor and tissue factor (2004)

This study demonstrates evidence of direct endothelial cell injury (i.e. raised CECs) in patients with IRP that correlated with vWf and TF, but that this is less severe than in AMI.
<title>Complementary visualization and sonification of multidimensional data</title> (1990)

Interpretation of multi-dimensional complex data usually involves extracting the relationship between several variables. This is typically done with an interactive visual system . Iugh resolution volumetric data imaging, color, animation, and multiple views are effective tools for data interpretation. Sound can provide an additional and complementary perceptual channel. This presentation focuses on the use of sound with a multi-dimensional imaging system to facilitate the interactive interpretation of complex data. Our methods and system are presented with data from a simulation which computes electron density, hole density, and potential throughout the volume of a three-dimensional semiconductor. The spatial changes and relationships of the three scalar fields are the object of study. Normally the field relations would he examined through multiple visualizations. here, sound is used to augment the visualization by permitting a user to visually concentrate on one field, while listening to the other. Two of the three scalar fields from the simulation arc selected for interpretation and visualized. The 3-dimensional vector gradient of one of them is sonified at a selected focal point within the semiconductor solid. As the current focus i interactively moved through the solid, the representative sound is altered accordingly. The sonification is composed such that local minima and maxima of one of the fields can he found without looking at it.
A robust technique for harmonic analysis of speech (2002)

A technique named least squares harmonic (LSH) is proposed for speech decomposition. The problem of harmonic estimation for speech is formulated as a solution to two sets of linear equations derived from minimising the mean squared error between original and estimated signals. The algorithm assumes that a good initial estimate of the pitch period is available. The performance of the algorithm is comparable to that of the total least square Prony method (TLSP) at high signal-to-noise ratios, however, at very low SNR, the proposed algorithm leads to a much more accurate harmonic representation. The approach used here has a great potential in coding and recognition applications.
Tight-binding theory of quantum-dot quantum wells: Single-particle effects and near-band-edge structure (2003)

Electron and hole states of multishell CdS/HgS/CdS quantum-dot quantum-well nanocrystals are determined by use of atomistic tight-binding theory. Single-particle energies, symmetries and charge densities, trapping in the internal quantum well, transition energies, and optical spectra are determined. Comparison with experiment shows that tight-binding theory provides a good description of nanosystems with monolayer variations in composition. Tight-binding theory correctly predicts the Stokes shift between the dim ground state and the lowest optically active transition. The energy splitting between the lowest two optically active transitions is also correctly described. The Stokes shift is determined by the level splitting between the lowest two hole states. The splitting between the lowest two optically active transitions is determined by the Stokes shift and the splitting between the lowest two electron states. Comparison with multiband effective mass theories shows that both theories provide a similar picture for the single-particle states but that the tight-binding theory provides a better description of observed transition energies. Calculations are done for different nanocrystal shapes, different positions and sizes of the internal quantum well, different values for the surface passivation, the spin-orbit coupling, the HgS bulk band gap, and the band offset. Results are robust to these variations indicating that the physical character of states in quantum-dot quantum wells is determined by the effects of global confinement in the dot and local confinement in the internal well rather than by the specific details of the quantum-dot quantum-well size, shape, or geometry or by special, fortuitous choices for material parameters in the models.