gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Usage of Dental Sound Checker : Occlusal adjustment of prosthesis on loss of many teeth (1982)

Dental sound checker is an instrument for analyzing occlusal sound by visual trace recording. The tracing however is not perfectly stable. For the present study, criteria for evaluation of desirability of occlusion were examined on the basis of frequency of clear-cut sound. It was found that care must be given to the following points. 1. The head must be secured in the up-right position in order to prevent variation in tracing due to deviation in head position when recording occlusal sound. Adoption of the patient's own tapping resulted in stable results. 2. Production of sound is not limited to clear-cut sound even with the subjects with normal occlusion. Therefore, several recordings must be made to determine the tracing characteristic of each subject. 3. Some subjects even with loss of many teeth showed a higher frequency of clear-cut sound tracing when occlusal adjustments were made. Dental sound checker is useful since the occlusal state of the denture can be checked and the desirability of occlusal adjustments can be determined visually at its use. 4. Dental sound checker is useful in ascertaining the state of occlusion and of occlusal adjustment in the subjects with loss of many teeth. However, its use will be more effective when it is accompanied by an over-all diagnosis combining articulatory paper examination and palpation by the dentist.
High-Input and Low-Output Impedance Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter Using DDCCs (2007)

A new three inputs and single output voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with high-input and low-output impedance using three plus-type differential difference current conveyors, two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors is presented. The proposed circuit offers the following features: realization of all the standard filter functions, that is, high-pass, bandpass, low-pass, notch, and all-pass filters, no requirements for component matching conditions, the use of only grounded capacitors and resistors, high-input and low-output impedance and low active and passive sensitivities.
Privacy-Preserving Authenticated Key-Exchange Over Internet (2014)

Key-exchange, in particular Diffie-Hellman key-exchange (DHKE), is among the core cryptographic mechanisms for ensuring network security. For key-exchange over the Internet, both security and privacy are desired. In this paper, we develop a family of privacy-preserving authenticated DHKE protocols named deniable Internet key-exchange (DIKE), both in the traditional PKI setting and in the identity-based setting. The newly developed DIKE protocols are of conceptual clarity and practical (online) efficiency. They provide useful privacy protection to both protocol participants, and add novelty and new value to the IKE standard. To the best of our knowledge, our protocols are the first provably secure DHKE protocols that additionally enjoy all the following privacy protection advantages: 1) forward deniability, actually concurrent non-malleable statistical zero-knowledge, for both protocol participants simultaneously; 2) the session transcript and session-key can be generated merely from DH-exponents (together with some public values), which thus cannot be traced to the pair of protocol participants; and 3) exchanged messages do not bear peer's identity, and do not explicitly bear player role information.
A radioimmunoassay for human interleukin-1 alpha: measurement of IL-1 alpha produced in vitro by human blood mononuclear cells stimulated with endotoxin. (1988)

A specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) which detects less than 25-50 pg/ml IL-1 alpha is described. Although human IL-1 alpha shares structural homology, receptors and multiple biological properties with IL-1 beta, this RIA does not detect human IL-1 beta or other human cytokines. We recovered nearly 100% of IL-1 alpha added to fresh human heparinized blood or freshly voided urine; in contrast, using a specific RIA for IL-1 beta, recovery of IL-1 beta added to fresh blood is approximately 50% reduced by nonspecific factors. In the present study, we employed this RIA to measure the amount of total (extracellular and cell-associated) immunoreactive IL-1 alpha produced by human blood mononuclear cells stimulated in vitro by different concentrations of endotoxin. Using ultrafiltered culture medium to reduce endotoxin content, there was no detectable (less than 50 pg/ml) IL-1 alpha produced after 24 hours. Endotoxin (0.5 ng/ml) induced a mean concentration of 900 pg/ml (range 180-1660 pg/ml). At higher concentrations of endotoxin (500 ng/ml), a mean of 6,990 pg/ml (range 415-11,900 pg/ml) was produced. These levels were comparable to the amount of IL-1 beta produced under similar culture conditions. The results indicate that IL-1 alpha can be measured independently of IL-1 beta in human body fluids and from human mononuclear cells.
Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Properties of Terminally Sulfur-Functionalized Core-Substituted Naphthalene-Bisimide Dyes (2006)

The synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of a series of new 2,6-disubstituted naphthalene-bisimide dyes as molecular rods comprising terminal AcS groups is reported. The first series of dyes (1–3), comprising phenylhetero (Ph-X) core substituents, cover a broad range of the VIS spectrum, ranging from yellow (2) over red (3) to blue (1). The second series of dyes contains benzylhetero (Bn-X) core substituents (4–7). For the same heteroatom connecting the substituent to the naphthalene core, both series were found to display comparable colors. For the second series, the colors were blue (4), red (5), and violet (6, 7). The Ph-X-substituted dyes 1–3 are nonfluorescent, in contrast to the Bn-X-substituted compounds 4–7. This rich variety of optical features that can be adjusted by rather small alterations of the core substituents makes these structurally very comparable molecular rods ideal candidates for optically triggered molecular-transport investigations. Also, thanks to the terminal AcS groups, these compounds can be placed between nobel-metal electrodes for optically triggered transport experiments.
Oxidative stress and growth temperature in Bacillus subtilis (1987)

Pretreatment of Bacillus subtilis with low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide protected the cells against the lethal effects of higher levels of oxidative stress. During the period of adaptation, eight proteins were induced, as detected by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Four of these proteins were the same size as four of the proteins induced by the temperature upshift. The range of proteins synthesized in response to an elevation in temperature depended both on the starting (lower) temperature and on the temperature to which the cells were shifted. Both catalase and superoxide dismutase were present at high levels in B. subtilis, but neither was induced by oxidative stress or temperature upshift. In fact, catalase activity was reduced after the temperature upshift.
Convenient new synthesis of umeclidinium bromide (2017)

Jianhui Guab, Jie Zhanga, Xuan Wangc & Guoping Wangab*a China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, Chinab YangZhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yangzhou, Chinac Internship at China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
If cannons cannot fight hail, what else? (2006)

Hail suppression is an uncertain meteorological subject in premature agricultural servitude. Commonly known is the method of seeding menacing cumulonimbus clouds with silver iodide by means of rockets or aircraft flares. Less discussed but widely practised alternatives are also reviewed here, in particular the useless but still quite popular practice to attempt destroying hailstones with explosives or with sound blasts from so-called hail cannons. The state of the art of hail formation detection with radar, and of hailfall probability nowcasting, is briefly reviewed.
Adaptation of Frequency Band Influence for Non-Native Speech Recognition (2008)

For voice controlled car navigation systems, multilinguality is a big challenge. The goals are clear. Users drive to other countries and need to enter foreign city names, at the same time it is likely that they will keep interacting in their native language for other commands. One important aspect is that the utterances the users produce differ from native speaker utterances, they have a non-native accent. The motivation for our work is that people hear better at low frequencies and know that low frequencies are more important for producing understandable utterances in the foreign language. Therefore they first aim to copy the low frequency behav-ior of the foreign language. Additionally, changes in mid to high frequencies are caused by little tongue movements. These subtle changes are hard to control for non-native speakers. Together both reasons cause the effect that non-native speech differs stronger from native speech for mid-range frequencies. Thus we analyze if speech recognition of non-native speakers can be improved by lowering the influence of mid to high frequencies. We achieve this through increas-ing some variances of the Gaussians. This leads to an reduced influence of differ-ences in the corresponding frequency band on the likelihood output of a Gaussian. This way we can model the selective mismatch between native training data and non-native test data. 1
The Inflammasome Pyrin Contributes to Pertussis Toxin-Induced IL-1β Synthesis, Neutrophil Intravascular Crawling and Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2014)

Microbial agents can aggravate inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). An example is pertussis toxin (PTX), a bacterial virulence factor commonly used as an adjuvant to promote EAE, but whose mechanism of action is unclear. We have reported that PTX triggers an IL-6-mediated signaling cascade that increases the number of leukocytes that patrol the vasculature by crawling on its luminal surface. In the present study, we examined this response in mice lacking either TLR4 or inflammasome components and using enzymatically active and inactive forms of PTX. Our results indicate that PTX, through its ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, induces two series of events upstream of IL-6: 1) the activation of TLR4 signaling in myeloid cells, leading to pro-IL-1β synthesis; and 2) the formation of a pyrin-dependent inflammasome that cleaves pro-IL-1β into its active form. In turn, IL-1β stimulates nearby stromal cells to secrete IL-6, which is known to induce vascular changes required for leukocyte adhesion. Without pyrin, PTX does not induce neutrophil adhesion to cerebral capillaries and is less effective at inducing EAE in transgenic mice with encephalitogenic T lymphocytes. This study identifies the first microbial molecule that activates pyrin, a mechanism by which infections may influence MS and a potential therapeutic target for immune disorders.
Modeling and Analysis of Active Differential Dynamics (2010)

Active differentials are used to improve the overall performance of traction control and vehicle dynamics control systems. This paper presents the development of a unified mathematical model of active differential dynamics using the bond graph modeling technique. The study includes active limited slip differential and various common types of torque vectoring differentials. Different levels of model complexity are considered, starting from a second-order model with lumped input and output inertia toward higher-order models including the gear inertia and half-shaft compliance. The model is used for a theoretical analysis of drivability and time response characteristics of the active differential dynamics. The analysis is illustrated by simulation results.
A Model-Based Observation-Thinning Scheme for the Assimilation of High-Resolution SST in the Shelf and Coastal Seas around China (2010)

Abstract The use of high-density remote sensing buoys and ship-based observations play an increasingly crucial role in the operational assimilation and forecast of oceans. With the recent release of several high-resolution observation datasets, such as the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) high-resolution SST (GHRSST) datasets, the development of observation-thinning schemes becomes important in the process of data assimilation because the huge quantity and dense spatial–temporal distributions of these datasets might make it expensive to assimilate the full dataset into ocean models or even decay the assimilation result. In this paper, an objective model simulation ensemble-based observation-thinning scheme is proposed and applied to a Chinese shelf–coastal seas eddy-resolving model. A successful thinning scheme should select a subset of observations yielding a small analysis error variance (AEV) while keeping the number of observations to as few as possible. In this study, the background error covariance (BEC) is estimated using the historical ensemble and then the subset of observations to minimize the AEV is selected, which is estimated from the Kalman theory. The authors used this method in the GHRSST product to cover the shelf and coastal seas around China and then verified the result with an estimation function and assimilation–forecast systems.
Ultrawideband Superstrate-Enhanced Substrate-Loaded Array With Integrated Feed (2013)

A superstrate-enhanced substrate-loaded array (SESLA) with an integrated feed is presented. The design allows for a practical implementation of the SESLA, a concept previously presented by the authors for realizing extremely wideband (> 10:1) low-profile arrays. Specifically, the feed provides unbalanced to balanced transformation allowing the balanced-fed SESLA to be excited with a 50Ω unbalanced line. The resulting array/feed combination is matched across a 13.9:1 bandwidth (infinite array, VSWR ≤ 2.4). When scanned to 45 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> in the E-, H-, and D-planes, the unit cell operates across a 13.3:1 bandwidth using a relaxed matching criterion of VSWR ≤ 3. The design is validated through extensive measurement of an 8 × 8 prototype array.
Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of 1-alkylquinolinium bromide ionic liquids (2010)

Quinoline derivatives are known to possess a range of bioactive and medicinal activities, which have been exploited in the design of antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial compounds. In this study, we report on the microbiological toxicity of a series of 1-alkylquinolinium bromides against a range of clinically relevant microorganisms, in both planktonic and sessile (biofilm) cultures. A comparison of antimicrobial activity against planktonic bacteria and established biofilms is presented. In general, 1-alkylquinolinium ionic liquids possess excellent, broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against microorganisms grown in both the planktonic and sessile, or biofilm, mode of growth. Importantly, these compounds are potent against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, as well as fungi, with a clear dependency on length of the alkyl substituent for activity, with compounds containing twelve and fourteen carbons in the alkyl group exhibiting highest antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity.
A 15 ns 2500 gate highly flexible CHMOS EPLD (1989)

A 2500-gate, 15-ns CMOS electrically programmable logic device (EPLD) with configurable inputs, expandable sum of products (SOP), and SOP implementation of control signals has been developed. Independent synchronous or asynchronous clocking of the inputs and outputs, plus both internal and pad feedback of each macrocell, makes this an extremely configurable 40-pin logic device. A combination of high speed, high density, and flexible architecture makes this device an ideal solution for high-speed microcomputer system design
Blood Drain: A Threat to Maternal Health in Zimbabwe (2018)

Maternal death due to haemorrhage is common in developing countries. The clinical and physiological aspects of maternal bleeding are well researched and better known whereas the social, cultural and religious beliefs are not well understood. These cause delays that increase the risk of maternal death. This study sought to close that gap by using qualitative data from twelve (12) focus group discussions with women aged 19 to 49 years and six (6) key informant interviews with traditional and spiritual community birth attendants. These discussions were conducted in five (5) rural districts of Zimbabwe. A grounded-theory approach was used to analyze the data and verbatim quotes are presented with the results. The study found that, among women of child-bearing age, harmful maternal bleeding through the vagina and menstruation are regarded as synonymous. In some cases, harmful maternal bleeding is regarded as a normal and expected feminine experience, a shameful subject for discussion, the body’s self-cleansing process or a necessary occurrence during maternity. In other cases, women fear to raise false alarms. These social constructions of maternal haemorrhage tend to prolong the time between the incidence of bleeding and the instance of receiving appropriate care or death. The researchers conclude that maternal death due to haemorrhage headlines a bigger story involving delays in recognizing danger and deciding to seek care. Interventions must involve women, partners and/or husbands, households and communities to address harmful social norms, beliefs and attitudes towards vaginal bleeding.
The role of iron in cancer. (1996)

Numerous laboratory and clinical investigations over the past few decades have observed that one of the dangers of iron is its ability to favour neoplastic cell growth. The metal is carcinogenic due to its catalytic effect on the formation of hydroxyl radicals, suppression of the activity of host defence cells and promotion of cancer cell multiplication. In both animals and humans, primary neoplasms develop at body sites of excessive iron deposits. The invaded host attempts to withhold iron from the cancer cells via sequestration of the metal in newly formed ferritin. The host also endeavours to withdraw the metal from cancer cells via macrophage synthesis of nitric oxide. Quantitative evaluation of body iron and of iron-withholding proteins has prognostic value in cancer patients. Procedures associated with lowering host iron intake and inducing host cell iron efflux can assist in prevention and management of neoplastic diseases. Pharmaceutical methods for depriving neoplastic cells of iron are being developed in experimental and clinical protocols.
Design methodology for self-timed VLSI systems (1985)

A design methodology for self-timed VLSI systems is proposed. This includes a language for describing algorithmic behaviour which is based on the data-flow concept. A subclass of Petri nets is introduced to model the designed system, and a refinement technique is presented that allows for the synthesis of correct-by-construction systems. Finally, a systematic means for implementing the design is given.
Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (2008)

Stem cells and regenerative medicine , Stem cells and regenerative medicine , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Uptake and Neuritic Transport of Scrapie Prion Protein Coincident with Infection of Neuronal Cells (2005)

Invasion of the nervous system and neuronal spread of infection are critical, but poorly understood, steps in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases. To characterize pathways for the uptake and intraneuronal trafficking of infectious, protease-resistant prion protein (PrP-res), fluorescent-labeled PrP-res was used to infect a neuronally derived murine cell line (SN56) and adult hamster cortical neurons in primary culture. Concurrent with the establishment of persistent scrapie infection, SN56 cells internalized PrP-res aggregates into vesicles positive for markers for late endosomes and/or lysosomes but not synaptic, early endocytic, or raft-derived vesicles. Internalized PrP-res was then transported along neurites to points of contact with other cells. Similar trafficking was observed with dextran, Alzheimer's Abeta1-42 fibrils and noninfectious recombinant PrP fibrils, suggesting that PrP-res is internalized by a relatively nonspecific pinocytosis or transcytosis mechanism. Hamster cortical neurons were also capable of internalizing and disseminating exogenous PrP-res. Similar trafficking of exogenous PrP-res by cortical neurons cultured from the brains of PrP knock-out mice showed that uptake and neuritic transport did not require the presence of endogenous cellular PrP. These experiments visualize and characterize the initial steps associated with prion infection and transport within neuronal cells.
Insights into Caspase-Mediated Apoptotic Pathways Induced by Amyloid-β in Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells (2011)

Our data demonstrate the induction of caspase-8- and caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways by Aβ oligomers/protofibrils in vascular cells, likely implicating a primary activation of death receptors.
Antisense miR-7 Impairs Insulin Expression in Developing Pancreas and in Cultured Pancreatic Buds (2012)

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation or inducing target mRNA degradation. MicroRNAs regulate organ differentiation and embryonic development, including pancreatic specification and islet function. We showed previously that miR-7 is highly expressed in human pancreatic fetal and adult endocrine cells. Here we determined the expression profile of miR-7 in the mouse-developing pancreas by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. MiR-7 expression was low between embryonic days e10.5 and e11.5, then began to increase at e13.5 through e14.5, and eventually decreased by e18. In situ hybridization and immunostaining analysis showed that miR-7 colocalizes with endocrine marker Isl1, suggesting that miR-7 is expressed preferentially in endocrine cells. Whole-mount in situ hybridization shows miR-7 highly expressed in the embryonic neural tube. To investigate the role of miR-7 in development of the mouse endocrine pancreas, antisense miR-7 morpholinos (MO) were delivered to the embryo at an early developmental stage (e10.5 days) via intrauterine fetal heart injection. Inhibition of miR-7 during early embryonic life results in an overall downregulation of insulin production, decreased β-cell numbers, and glucose intolerance in the postnatal period. This phenomenon is specific for miR-7 and possibly due to a systemic effect on pancreatic development. On the other hand, the in vitro inhibition of miR-7 in explanted pancreatic buds leads to β-cell death and generation of β-cells expressing less insulin than those in MO control. Therefore, in addition to the potential indirect effects on pancreatic differentiation derived from its systemic downregulation, the knockdown of miR-7 appears to have a β-cell-specific effect as well. These findings suggest that modulation of miR-7 expression could be utilized in the development of stem cell therapies to cure diabetes.