gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple volume injection technique for high-resolution DNA sample detection utilizing planar microfluidic chip (2005)

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation into the use of high-resolution injection techniques to separate DNA fragments within electrophoresis microchips. The study addresses the principal material transport mechanisms such as electrokinetic migration, fluid flow, diffusion, variable-volume injection methods, and gives detail analyses to the double-L injection technique, which employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip. We also study the sample leakage effect during sample injection and separation. The standard DNA ladder and the /spl phi/-174 DNA fragments are used to test the performance for this proposed method. Results show that this unique injection system in the current microfluidic chip presented within this paper is capable of simulating the functions of the cross, double-T form through appropriate manipulations of the electric field within its various channels. The proposed double-L injection method confirms its ability to reduce sample leakage effect during operation. The integrated microfluidic chip and double-L injection technique developed in this study has an exciting potential for use in high-quality, high-throughput chemical analysis applications and in many other applications throughout the field of micro-total-analysis systems.
Molecular Bases for Sensitivity to Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Inhibitors in Black-Grass (2004)

In grasses, residues homologous to residues Ile-1,781 and Ile-2,041 in the carboxyl-transferase (CT) domain of the chloroplastic acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (ACCase) from the grass weed black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides [Huds.]) are critical determinants for sensitivity to two classes of ACCase inhibitors, aryloxyphenoxypropionates (APPs) and cyclohexanediones. Using natural mutants of black-grass, we demonstrated through a molecular, biological, and biochemical approach that residues Trp-2,027, Asp-2,078, and Gly-2,096 are also involved in sensitivity to ACCase inhibitors. In addition, residues Trp-2,027 and Asp-2,078 are very likely involved in CT activity. Using three-dimensional modeling, we found that the side chains of the five residues are adjacent, located at the surface of the inside of the cavity of the CT active site, in the vicinity of the binding site for APPs. Residues 1,781 and 2,078 are involved in sensitivity to both APPs and cyclohexanediones, whereas residues 2,027, 2,041, and 2,096 are involved in sensitivity to APPs only. This suggests that the binding sites for these two classes of compounds are overlapping, although distinct. Comparison of three-dimensional models for black-grass wild-type and mutant CTs and for CTs from organisms with contrasted sensitivity to ACCase inhibitors suggested that inhibitors fitting into the cavity of the CT active site of the chloroplastic ACCase from grasses to reach their active sites may be tight. The three-dimensional shape of this cavity is thus likely of high importance for the efficacy of ACCase inhibitors.
Vasomotor menopausal symptoms are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (2010)

Women with menopausal symptoms of night sweats have a significantly moderately increased risk of CHD, which cannot be totally explained by the levels of CVD risk factors.
Eliminating Phase Drift for Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensing System with Empirical Mode Decomposition (2019)

Phase-drift elimination is crucial to vibration recovery in the coherent detection phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry system. The phase drift drives the whole phase signal fluctuation as a baseline, and its negative effect is obvious when the detection time is long. In this paper, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is presented to extract and eliminate the phase drift adaptively. It decomposes the signal by utilizing the characteristic time scale of the data, and the baseline is eventually obtained. It is validated by theory and experiment that the phase drift deteriorates seriously when the length of the vibration region increases. In an experiment, the phase drift was eliminated under the conditions of different vibration frequencies of 1 Hz, 5 Hz, and 10 Hz. The phase drift was also eliminated with different vibration intensities. Furthermore, the linear relationship between phase and vibration intensity is demonstrated with a correlation coefficient of 99.99%. The vibrations at 0.5 Hz and 0.3 Hz were detected with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 55.58 dB and 64.44 dB. With this method, when the vibration frequency is at the level of Hz or sub-Hz, the phase drift can be eliminated. This contributes to the detection and recovery of low-frequency perturbation events in practical applications.
Do physiological and pathological stresses produce different changes in heart rate variability? (2013)

Although physiological (e.g., exercise) and pathological (e.g., infection) stress affecting the cardiovascular system have both been documented to be associated with a reduction in overall heart rate variability (HRV), it remains unclear if loss of HRV is ubiquitously similar across different domains of variability analysis or if distinct patterns of altered HRV exist depending on the stressor. Using Continuous Individualized Multiorgan Variability Analysis (CIMVA™) software, heart rate (HR) and four selected measures of variability were measured over time (windowed analysis) from two datasets, a set (n = 13) of patients who developed systemic infection (i.e., sepsis) after bone marrow transplant (BMT), and a matched set of healthy subjects undergoing physical exercise under controlled conditions. HR and the four HRV measures showed similar trends in both sepsis and exercise. The comparison through Wilcoxon sign-rank test of the levels of variability at baseline and during the stress (i.e., exercise or after days of sepsis development) showed similar changes, except for LF/HF, ratio of power at low (LF) and high (HF) frequencies (associated with sympathovagal modulation), which was affected by exercise but did not show any change during sepsis. Furthermore, HRV measures during sepsis showed a lower level of correlation with each other, as compared to HRV during exercise. In conclusion, this exploratory study highlights similar responses during both exercise and infection, with differences in terms of correlation and inter-subject fluctuations, whose physiologic significance merits further investigation.
Study of levan productivity from Bacillus subtilis Natto by surface response methodology and its antitumor activity against HepG2 cells using metabolomic approach. (2015)

Levan productivity of Bacillus subtilis Natto was evaluated in submerged culture varying the pH, temperature and culture time, using factorial design and response surface methodology. The characterization of levan molecular weight was performed by HPSEC and its antitumor activity against HepG2 cells using metabolomic approach was also evaluated. At first, the variables investigated, as well as their interactions, demonstrated significant effect. Further, a second design using the same variables at different levels was developed. Thus, according to the model, an optimized value corresponding to 5.82 g.L⁻¹.h⁻¹ was achieved at pH 8, 39.5°C in 21 hours, the highest value reported so far. After analysis by HPSEC, two molecular weights were obtained corresponding to 72.37 and 4146 kDa. The levan promoted an increase of acetate, alanine, lactate and phosphocreatine in HepG2 cells suggesting an alteration in the bioenergetics pathways and cellular homeostasis by intracellular accumulation of lactate, justifying its antitumor activity.
Is the Future of Authenticity All In Our Heads? (2017)

Passthoughts, in which a user thinks a secret thought to log in to services or devices, provides two factors of authentication (knowledge and inherence) in a single step. Since its proposal in 2005, passthoughts enjoyed a number of successful empirical studies. In this paper, we renew the promise of passthoughts authentication, outlining the main challenges that passthoughts must overcome in order to move from the lab to the real world. We propose two studies, which seek different angles at the fundamental questions we pose. Further, we propose it as a fruitful case study for thinking about what authentication can, and should, be expected to do, as it pushes up against questions of what sorts of "selves" authentication systems must be tasked with recognizing. Through this discussion, we raise novel possibilities for authentication broadly, such as "organic passwords" that change naturally over time, or systems that reject users who are not acting quite "like themselves."
Precision Infrared Stark Spectra of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>D Using Lamb Dip (1969)

By Stark tuning the ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$D molecule into optical resonance with a standing-wave laser field, which is intense and monochromatic, it has been possible to obtain a unique vibration-rotation line assignment and its transition matrix element, and to probe ground- and excited-state Stark splittings with precision. Stark splittings as narrow as 1.5 MHz (within a Doppler width of 82 MHz) are observed for the first time in an optically excited state using the Lamb dip.
A Techno-Economic Evaluation on the Feasibility of Chemicals from Pyrolysis Oil (2011)

Pyrolysis liquid or pyrolysis oil contains more than 300 oxygenated components. Since acetic acid and glycolaldehyde are two of the most abundant valuable platform chemicals in wood-based pyrolysis oil, this paper presents a techno-economic evaluation of their recovery. All evaluated process concepts start with a water extraction that appeared capable of isolating acetic acid and glycoaldehyde quantitatively in the aqueous phase. Hereafter several conceptual process designs were established and evaluated for the recovery of both chemicals from the obtained aqueous phase. All evaluated designs were found to be profitable, but an integrated process for the combined recovery of acetic acid and glycoaldehyde appeared the most profitable route due to high recoveries combined with a 2.5 times lower energy requirement. Overall, it can be concluded that the integrated process combines the best profitability with the highest sustainability in terms of energy consumption.
Low Crosstalk Demodulators for 42.8 Gb/s WDM DPSK Systems (2006)

A new type of optical demodulators is proposed to reduce the channel crosstalk in dense WDM DPSK systems. It can relieve the strong filtering condition required by transmitting 42.8 Gb/s signals over 50 GHz ITU grids.
Feasibility of model checking software requirements: a case study (2002)

Model checking is an effective technique for verifying properties of a finite specification. A model checker accepts a specification and a property, and it searches the reachable states to determine if the property is a theorem of the specification. Because model checking examines every state of the specification, it is a more thorough validation technique than testing executable specifications. However, some researchers question the feasibility of model checking, because the size of a specifications state-space grows exponentially with respect to the number of variables in the specification. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of symbolically model checking a non-trivial specification: the software requirements of the A-7E aircraft. The A-7E requirements document lists five properties that the designers manually derived from the requirements. Using McMillan's (1992) Symbolic Model Verifier, we were able to verify or find a counterexample to each property in less than 10-15 CPU minutes. In particular, we found that an important safety property did not hold.
TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR PLUTONIUM-CONTAMINATED SOILS AT THE NEVADA TEST SITE (NTS) (2003)

The Clemson Environmental Technologies Laboratory (CETL) was contracted by the National Energy Technology Center to evaluate technologies that might be used to reduce the volume of plutonium-contaminated soil at the Nevada Test Site. The project has been systematically approached. A thorough review and summary was completed for: (1) The NTS soil geological, geochemical and physical characteristics; (2) The characteristics and chemical form of the plutonium that is in these soils; (3) Previous volume reduction technologies that have been attempted on the NTS soils; (4) Vendors with technology that may be applicable; and (5) Related needs at other DOE sites. Soils from the Nevada Test Site were collected and delivered to the CETL. Soils were characterized for Pu-239/240, Am-241 and gross alpha. In addition, wet sieving and the subsequent characterization were performed on soils before and after attrition scrubbing to determine the particle size distribution and the distribution of Pu-239/240 and gross alpha as a function of particle size. Sequential extraction was performed on untreated soil to provide information about how tightly bound the plutonium was to the soil. Magnetic separation was performed to determine if this could be useful as part of a treatment approach. Using the information obtained from these reviews, three vendors were selected to demonstration their volume reduction technologies at the CETL. Two of the three technologies, bioremediation and soil washing, met the performance criteria. Both were able to significantly reduce the concentration plutonium in the soil from around 1100 pCi/g to 200 pCi/g or less with a volume reduction of around 95%, well over the target 70%. These results are especially encouraging because they indicate significant improvement over that obtained in these earlier pilot and field studies. Additional studies are recommended.
3차 저장 장치의 장착을 위한 MIDAS-II의 확장 (2000)

MIDAS-II is the storage system for BADA DBMS developed at ETRI. This paper describes the extension of MIDAS-II for incorporating the tertiary storage device such as an optical disk jukebox or a tape library, enabling MIDAS-II to function as a storage system of the data server that stores a massive amount of multimedia data. The MIDAS-II disk volume structure is extended to efficiently function as a volume for the tertiary storage device with multiple platters, which canstore huge amount of data of the order of tera bytes. The storage structure of the LOB is changed to efficiently manage the LOB data in the tertiary storage device. The data structures of the shared memory, the process structure, and the utilities in MIDAS-II are also extended to efficiently incorporating the tertiary storage device. The functionalities of each MIDAS-II API function are expanded to handle the tertiary storage device, while the prototypes of those functions are intact in order not to affect the existing application programs. The performance evaluation shows that the extended MIDAS-II works effectively with the tertiary storage device. All these extensions and the performance evaluation are conducted in the SunOS 5.4 environment.
Clean and Efficient Synthesis Using Mechanochemistry: Coordination Polymers, Metal-Organic Frameworks and Metallodrugs (2012)

This review briefly discusses recent advances and future prospects in the mechanochemical synthesis of coordination compounds by ball milling and grinding, and highlights our contributions to the mechanosynthesis of porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), metal-organic pharmaceutical derivatives and metallodrugs using the recently developed mechanochemical methods of liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) and ion-and liquid-assisted grinding (ILAG). The role of mechanochemistry in the development of a solvent-free laboratory, cocrystal synthesis and new materials for luminescence and gas absorption is also highlighted. (
Physical mechanism of triggering in trigatron spark gaps (1988)

Since the first trigatron spark gap was described by J. D. Craggs, M. E. Haine, and J. M. Meek [J. Inst. Electr. Eng. 93A, 963 (1946)], there has been controversy about the physical mechanism responsible for triggering the devices. In this letter we present experimental evidence that directly shows the sequence of physical events responsible for triggering in the gap we studied, and we present a model for trigatron triggering based on this information. We believe this model to be general and discuss it in light of existing literature. We briefly discuss the implications of the model for the engineering design of trigatron gaps.
Non‐specific cleavage of collagen by proteinases in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (1990)

Proteolytic degradation of collagen normally requires specific collagenases of either mammalian or microbial origin. We have observed, among many detergents, a unique effect of sodium dodecyl (= lauryl) sulfate after preincubation of insoluble collagen (type I) with detergent. When treated fibrils were isolated and resuspended in detergent-free buffer, they were very sensitive to cleavage by non-specific proteases like trypsin, elastase, and subtilisin. We suggest that dodecyl sulfate causes a structural change in the collagen molecule which abrogates the resistance of collagen to most proteolytic enzymes. These observations may have implications for collagen and connective tissue research in general and especially to periodontal research. Lauryl sulfate (2-5%) is included in the majority of toothpaste formulations as a foaming agent, and our results again raise the question whether toothbrushing with lauryl sulfate may accelerate periodontal destruction by synergism with bacterial and host proteases. It may also bind to the collagen in exposed root surfaces and thus affect the stability of their hard tissues.
Hyperosmotic stress stimulates phospholipase D activity and elevates the levels of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (2000)

In mammalian cells, phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) are involved in a number of signalling cascades, including cell proliferation, membrane trafficking and defence responses. In plant cells a signalling role for PLD and PA is also emerging. Plants have the extra ability to phosphorylate PA to produce diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP), a newly discovered phospholipid whose formation attenuates PA levels, but which could itself be a second messenger. Here we report that increases in PA and its conversion to DGPP are common stress responses to water deficit. Increases occur within minutes of treatment and are dependent on the level of stress. Part of the PA produced is due to PLD activity as measured by the in vivo transphosphatidylation of 1-butanol, and part is due to diacylglycerol kinase activity as monitored via 32P-PA formation in a differential labelling protocol. Increases in PA and DGPP are found not only in the green alga Chlamydomonas moewusii and cell-suspension cultures of tomato and alfalfa when subjected to hyperosmotic stress, but also in dehydrated leaves of the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum. These results provide further evidence that PLD and PA play a role in plant signalling, and provide the first demonstration that DGPP is formed during physiological conditions that evoke PA synthesis.
Characterization and pharmacokinetic parameters of recombinant soluble interleukin-4 receptor (1991)

The interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) is expressed as a 140-Kd membrane glycoprotein that binds IL-4 with high affinity. Recently, cDNA clones for the murine IL-4R have been isolated. One clone encodes an integral membrane protein, while another encodes a protein in which translation is terminated before the transmembrane region, thus producing a soluble form of the IL-4R (sIL-4R). HeLa cell clones overexpressing sIL-4R were isolated using a novel filter-overlay and 125I-IL-4 ligand binding technique. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the kinetics and affinity of IL-4 binding to the recombinant sIL-4R were similar to the native membrane-bound IL-4R. As low doses of sIL-4R specifically inhibited IL-4-induced proliferative responses in vitro, sIL-4R biodistribution and elimination parameters were evaluated to assess the pharmacokinetic potential of sIL-4R as a therapeutic agent. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that radiolabeled sIL-4R had a distribution half-life of 9 minutes and an elimination half-life of 2.3 hours following intravenous (IV) administration. When administered by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous (SC) injection, the elimination half- lives were prolonged to 4.2 hours and 6.2 hours, respectively. Although the initial blood level of sIL-4R was reduced if administered by SC injection, the bioavailability was comparable with IV administration. The main sites of sIL-4R elimination were the liver and kidney.
Fractionation And Structural Assessment Of Oligosaccharides And Glycopeptides By Use Of Immobilized Lectins (1987)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Network selection based on available link bandwidth in multi-access networks (2016)

One of the important aspects of seamless communication for ubiquitous computing is the dynamic selection of the best access network for a multimodal device in a heterogeneous wireless environment. In this paper, we consider available bandwidth as a dynamic parameter to select the network in heterogeneous environments. A bootstrap approximation based technique is firstly utilized to estimate the available bandwidth and compare it with hidden Markov model based estimation to check its accuracy. It is then used for the selection of the best suitable network in the heterogeneous environment consisting of 2G and 3G standards based wireless networks. The proposed algorithm is implemented in temporal and spatial domains to check its robustness. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithm gives improved performance in terms of estimation error (less than 15%), overhead (varies from 0.45% to 72.91%) and reliability (approx. 99%)as compared to the existing algorithm.
Protective efficacy of antigens solubilized from gut membranes of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. (1989)

Triton X-100, SDS, n-octyl glucoside, and conditions of alkaline pH and high and low ionic strength, were used to solubilize membranes prepared from the mid-gut of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Hereford cattle (Bos taurus) were immunized with soluble membrane antigens in saponin, and then challenged twice with 20,000 tick larvae, 7 days apart. All soluble extracts, except that extracted with high ionic strength buffer, provided significant protection (56-78%) (P < 0.05) to immunized cattle compared with control cattle. Precipitation of the soluble n-octyl glucoside extract did not alter the immunogenicity of this vaccine. Where poor responses to membrane vaccines were obtained (< 60% protection), booster injections of antigen effected increased protection. The experimental cattle were typed for bovine major histocompatibility system class 1 antigens. The presence of three antigens (MB5, MB14 and MB20) had a significant effect on protective immunity induced by the membrane vaccines (P < 0.05). Protein profiles of Triton X-100, n-octyl glucoside and low ionic strength buffer extracts were compared by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. Tick membranes extracted by either non-ionic detergents or low ionic strength solutions provided the best source of protective antigens.