gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive routing, flow control, and buffer management in computer communication networks (1988)

Adaptive routing and flow control methods are necessary in computer networks due to the nonstationary conditions that exist in such networks. In this dissertation three distinct yet complementary approaches to modeling computer networks for performance evaluation and control under nonstationary conditions are presented namely: queueing theory, discrete event simulation, and state variable modeling. The application of these techniques to the design and performance evaluation of adaptive routing and flow control methods is demonstrated with the development of a new two-level hierarchical adaptive buffer management scheme and a dynamic virtual circuit routing policy.
The Motif-Based Approach to the Analysis of the Employee Trajectories within Organization (2018)

The analysis of the employees’ movement within organization building is an important task of the investigation of the business processes existing in the organization, including provision its cyberphysical security. In the paper, the motif-based approach to behavior pattern description and anomalies in organization staff movement is proposed. The motif of the employees’ movement represents a combination of the spatial and temporal attributes of the movement enforced by attributes of the visited controlled zone. The usage of motifs enables transformation of the raw logs from the proximity sensors of the access control system containing only identifiers of the controlled zones into semantically meaningful list of the activities. This approach is demonstrated with an application to the 2016 VAST Mini-Challenge 2 data set, which describes movement of the employees within organization building.
Sociabilidades entre Luzes e Sombras: apontamentos para o estudo histórico das Maçonarias da primeira metade do século XIX (2001)

A historical analysis of masonries in Rio de Janeiro in the years of 1820-30. The masonries are taken as one of the forms of sociability in the period of independence and construction of the Brazilian national State, marked by dichotomies and ambiguities between shades and Enlightment. The article defines the concept of sociability it uses and the social, political and economical ideas of the masonries, which are seen as specific organizations not carrying a proper ideology, and are defined in the plural and not as a homogeneous and unified center. The article uses documental sources from archives in France and Brazil, alongside with theoretical and analytical references.
Antiviral and Antiphlogistic Activities of<i>Hamamelis virginiana</i>Bark (1996)

A crude hydroalcoholic extract from Hamamelis virginiana bark was subjected to ultrafiltration (UF) with a cut-off limit of 3 kDa to obtain a higher and a lower molecular weight fraction. Characterisation of the fractions was attempted with TLC, HPLC, acidic hydrolysis, and chromatography over Sephadex LH-20. The UF-concentrate was shown to consist mainly of oligomeric to polymeric proanthocyanidins (PA). This fraction was found to exhibit significant antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). In addition, the UV-concentrate displayed radical scavenging properties, inhibited alpha-glucosidase as well as human leukocyte elastase (HLE), and exhibited strong antiphlogistic effects in the croton oil ear edema test in the mouse. With the exception of the antioxidant potential and the inhibition of HLE-action the lower molecular fraction possessed weaker activities and contained mainly hamamelitannin, catechin, and further, unidentified constituents.
A Novel [3+2] Cycloaddition Approach to Nitrogen Heterocycles via Phosphine-Catalyzed Reactions of 2,3-Butadienoates or 2-Butynoates and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate with Imines:  A Convenient Synthesis of Pentabromopseudilin (1998)

The reactivity of a new three carbon synthon, generated in situ from the reaction of 2,3-butadienoates or 2-butynoates with an appropriate phosphine as the catalyst, toward the electron-deficient imines is described. Triphenylphosphine-catalyzed reaction of methyl 2,3-butadienoate with N-sulfonylimines gave the single [3+2] cycloadduct in excellent yield; tributylphosphine-catalyzed reaction of methyl 2,3-butadienoate or 2-butynoate with N-tosylimines afforded the corresponding [3+2] cycloadduct as the major product along with a small amount of the three components adduct. Aliphatic N-tosylimines gave moderate yield for this reaction. In addition, a new phosphine-catalyzed cyclization reaction of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with N-tosylimines is also described. A reaction mechanism is proposed. Further elaborations of the cycloaddition products and the synthesis of pentabromopseudilin using this method are exemplified.
Microcoded versus hard-wired control (1987)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a clinically heterogeneous class of neurodevelopmental conditions with a strong, albeit complex, genetic basis. The genetic architecture of ASD includes different genetic models, from monogenic transmission at one end, to polygenic risk given by thousands of common variants with small effects at the other end. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was also proposed as a genetic modifier for ASD, mostly focusing on maternal mtDNA, since the paternal mitogenome is not transmitted to offspring. We extensively studied the potential contribution of mtDNA in ASD pathogenesis and risk through deep next generation sequencing and quantitative PCR in a cohort of 98 families. While the maternally-inherited mtDNA did not seem to predispose to ASD, neither for haplogroups nor for the presence of pathogenic mutations, an unexpected influence of paternal mtDNA, apparently centered on haplogroup U, came from the Italian families extrapolated from the test cohort (n = 74) when compared to the control population. However, this result was not replicated in an independent Italian cohort of 127 families and it is likely due to the elevated paternal age at time of conception. In addition, ASD probands showed a reduced mtDNA content when compared to their unaffected siblings. Multivariable regression analyses indicated that variants with 15%-5% heteroplasmy in probands are associated to a greater severity of ASD based on ADOS-2 criteria, whereas paternal super-haplogroups H and JT were associated with milder phenotypes. In conclusion, our results suggest that the mtDNA impacts on ASD, significantly modifying the phenotypic expression in the Italian population. The unexpected finding of protection induced by paternal mitogenome in term of severity may derive from a role of mtDNA in influencing the accumulation of nuclear <i>de novo</i> mutations or epigenetic alterations in fathers' germinal cells, affecting the neurodevelopment in the offspring. This result remains preliminary and needs further confirmation in independent cohorts of larger size. If confirmed, it potentially opens a different perspective on how paternal non-inherited mtDNA may predispose or modulate other complex diseases.
Potential of IMU Sensors in Performance Analysis of Professional Alpine Skiers (2016)

In this paper, we present an analysis to identify a sensor location for an inertial measurement unit (IMU) on the body of a skier and propose the best location to capture turn motions for training. We also validate the manner in which the data from the IMU sensor on the proposed location can characterize ski turns and performance with a series of statistical analyses, including a comparison with data collected from foot pressure sensors. The goal of the study is to logically identify the ideal location on the skier's body to attach the IMU sensor and the best use of the data collected for the skier. The statistical analyses and the hierarchical clustering method indicate that the pelvis is the best location for attachment of an IMU, and numerical validation shows that the data collected from this location can effectively estimate the performance and characteristics of the skier. Moreover, placement of the sensor at this location does not distract the skier's motion, and the sensor can be easily attached and detached. The findings of this study can be used for the development of a wearable device for the routine training of professional skiers.
Reaktionen von elektronenreichen heterocyclen mit orthocarbonsäure‐derivaten. I. Zum reaktionsverhalten von acyclischen orthoestern mit indolen unter säurekatalyse (1983)

Abstract By kinetic controlled reaction of alkoxycarbenium‐ions 1a‐1d , generated in the medium, with the indoles 2a‐2c the methanes 3 , 4 or the ketones 5 and 6 are the single products. In the reaction with 1d the minimum of reactivity is achieved. The experimental condition of the reactions allow an estimation of the reactivity of 1a‐1d and 2a‐2c .
Expression of mdr1 and mdr3 Multidrug-resistance Genes in Human Acute and Chronic Leukemias and Association With Stimulation of Drug Accumulation by Cyclosporine (1990)

We determined the expression levels of the mdr1 and mdr3 multidrug-resistance genes (also known as PGY1 and PGY3, respectively) in peripheral blood cells from 69 adult patients with acute and chronic leukemias, using an RNase protection assay. Expression of mdr1 was found in samples from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (13 of 17), chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML, chronic phase, 10 of 10; blast crisis, three of four), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL, eight of 11), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL, 17 of 17), hairy cell leukemia (HCL, one of two), and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (one of one), but not in B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL, 0 of seven). Expression of mdr3 was only detected in samples from B-cell lymphocytic leukemias: CML, lymphoid blast crisis (one of one), B-cell ALL (two of two), B-CLL (17 of 17), B-PLL (seven of seven), and HCL (two of two). In vitro drug uptake studies by on-line flow cytometry showed that in leukemia cells expressing either mdr1 or mdr3, the steady-state accumulation of daunorubicin could be significantly increased by addition of cyclosporine and, to a lesser extent, by verapamil. Because cyclosporine and verapamil are known as inhibitors of the mdr1-encoded P-glycoprotein drug-efflux pump, and because the mdr1 and mdr3 genes are highly homologous, our data suggest that the mdr3 gene encodes a functional drug pump in B-cell lymphocytic leukemias. The results of this study may have implications for clinical therapy for acute or chronic leukemias expressing the mdr1 or mdr3 gene, in particular, treatment with combinations of cytotoxic drugs plus agents that reverse multidrug resistance. Since mdr1 and mdr3 are frequently expressed in untreated as well as treated leukemia, such combination therapy should be considered for untreated patients as well as treated patients.
A new immunomodulator, FR-900483. (1988)

FR-900483 is a new immunoactive substance produced by a fungus, Nectria lucida F-4490. Concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, which had been suppressed by addition of immunosuppressive factor, was restored to a normal level by the addition of FR-900483. Furthermore, FR-900483 restored the capacity of immunosuppressed mice to produce antibody against sheep red blood cells.
Logistic Predictive Model for SMEs Financing in India (2011)

Credit assessment risk for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) offers special challenges to practitioners, regulators and academics. The lenders’ design of the package of credit to SMEs may affect the propensity to default or lead to delinquency. Considering the fundamental role being played by small-sized industries in Indian economy and emphasis on inclusive economy, we aim to develop a default prediction model, specifically for SMEs. Apart from the conventional ‘ability to pay’ basis of analyzing borrower-centric default risk, there may be a set of other explanatory variables that can be modelled to assess the credit default. The study here examines the behaviour of relevant measures of default risk and explores the most significant variables of the financial package to construct a model for SMEs by applying multinomial logistic regression technique. The study is based on database covering two years of the time period from 2007 to 2009 on 2,864 SMEs pertaining to an emerging cluster obtained from a prominent financial institution in Delhi.
A Scalable Decoder Micro-architecture for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing (2020)

Quantum computation promises significant computational advantages over classical computation for some problems. However, quantum hardware suffers from much higher error rates than in classical hardware. As a result, extensive quantum error correction is required to execute a useful quantum algorithm. The decoder is a key component of the error correction scheme whose role is to identify errors faster than they accumulate in the quantum computer and that must be implemented with minimum hardware resources in order to scale to the regime of practical applications. In this work, we consider surface code error correction, which is the most popular family of error correcting codes for quantum computing, and we design a decoder micro-architecture for the Union-Find decoding algorithm. We propose a three-stage fully pipelined hardware implementation of the decoder that significantly speeds up the decoder. Then, we optimize the amount of decoding hardware required to perform error correction simultaneously over all the logical qubits of the quantum computer. By sharing resources between logical qubits, we obtain a 67% reduction of the number of hardware units and the memory capacity is reduced by 70%. Moreover, we reduce the bandwidth required for the decoding process by a factor at least 30x using low-overhead compression algorithms. Finally, we provide numerical evidence that our optimized micro-architecture can be executed fast enough to correct errors in a quantum computer.
Nonenzymatic Turnover of an<i>Erwinia carotovora</i>Quorum-Sensing Signaling Molecule (2002)

The production of virulence factors and carbapenem antibiotic in the phytopathogen Erwinia carotovora is under the control of quorum sensing. The quorum-sensing signaling molecule, N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OHHL), accumulates in log-phase culture supernatants of E. carotovora but diminishes in concentration during the stationary phase. In this study, we show that the diminution in OHHL was not due to sequestration of the ligand by the cells, although some partitioning did occur. Rather, it was caused by degradation of the molecule. The rate of stationary-phase degradation of OHHL was as rapid as the rate of log-phase accumulation of the ligand, but it was nonenzymatic and led to a decrease in the expression of selected genes known to be under the control of quorum sensing. The degradation of OHHL was dependent on the pH of the supernatant, which increased as the growth curve progressed in cultures grown in Luria-Bertani medium from pH 7 to approximately 8.5. OHHL became unstable over a narrow pH range (pH 7 to 8). Instability was increased at high temperatures even at neutral pH but could be prevented at the growth temperature (30 degrees C) by buffering the samples at pH 6.8. These results may provide a rationale for the observation that an early response of plants which are under attack by Erwinia is to activate a proton pump which alkalizes the site of infection to a pH of >8.2.
Emulsion Polymerization of <i>n</i>-Butyl Methacrylate by Reverse Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (1999)

The controlled/“living” radical polymerization of n-butyl methacrylate was conducted in an emulsion under reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conditions. The initiators used were conventional water-soluble initiators, such as potassium persulfate (KPS), 2,2‘-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (V-50), and 2,2‘-azobis[2-(2-dimidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (VA-044). The transition metal catalyst employed was copper(II) dibromide with 4,4‘-dialkyl-2,2‘-bipyridine as the ligands.
Evidence that Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Induction by 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine Sensitizes Human Breast Cancer Cells to Adriamycin (2007)

The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) inhibits DNA methyltransferase activity and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy, but the mechanisms of its sensitization are not fully understood. Here, we show that 5-aza-CdR induces tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in the human breast cancer MDA-231 cells. Induction of TRAIL by 5-aza-CdR correlated with inactivation of Akt. Furthermore, we show that overexpression of the active form of Akt by adenovirus infection or inhibition of the Akt downstream target glycogen synthase kinase 3 by its pharmacologic inhibitors abolishes TRAIL induction by 5-aza-CdR. Importantly, we show that the combined treatment of breast cancer cells with 5-aza-CdR and Adriamycin significantly increases apoptotic cell death compared with the treatment with either agent alone. Moreover, the combined treatment activated both death receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, whereas Adriamycin alone activated only the mitochondrial pathway while 5-aza-CdR failed to activate either. More importantly, down-regulation of TRAIL by small interference RNA silencing decreased 5-aza-CdR-mediated Adriamycin-induced caspase activation and apoptosis, thus conferring Adriamycin resistance. Taken together, our results suggest that induction of TRAIL by 5-aza-CdR is critical for enhancing chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to Adriamycin.
N-ACYL SUBSTITUTED PHENYLHYDROXYLAMINES: THE EFFECT OF RADICAL CHANGE ON ANALYTICAL BEHAVIOR (1957)

The synthesis of a number of N-acyl substituted phenylhydroxylamines is outlined and the effect of the change in the nature of the acyl group on their usefulness as analytical reagents is described. Stability constant measurements in alcohol show an increase in stability with an increase in basicity of reagent regardless of the nature of the attached group; their ability to precipitate complexes from aqueous solution, however, is markedly dependent on the nature of the attached radical. A spectrophotometric study shows the existence of both a 1:1 and a 1:3 iron complex. A more sensitive colorimetric reagent results with an unsaturated five-membered ring as the attached grouping.
Thin films from energetic cluster impact: A feasibility study (1992)

An intense, continuous beam of metal clusters and cluster ions is produced by combining a magnetron sputter discharge with a gas aggregation source. The average cluster size can be varied between 50 and more than 106 atoms per cluster. The sputter discharge is also used to ionize the clusters; between 30% and 80% of them carry a charge without further electron-impact ionization. Mon− clusters with n≊1200 were separated from the neutral clusters, accelerated, and deposited on a polished Cu substrate. Above a kinetic energy of 6 keV, highly reflecting, strongly adhering thin films are formed on room-temperature substrates. The films can be mechanically polished, which increases the reflectivity from 95% to 97% at 10.6 μm. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy data reveal that less than 0.5% argon is incorporated into the films. The standard structure zone model of Movchan, Demchishin, and Thornton [in B. Chapman, Glow Discharge Processes (Wiley, New York, 1982)] is not applicable. The impact of an energetic cluster leads locally to a sudden increase of pressure and temperature. A tiny, high-temperature spot is formed at each impact of an energetic cluster. The high local temperature present for several picoseconds leads to the observed film properties. The main advantage of the method seems to be that excellent thin films can be produced on room-temperature substrates. The name ‘‘energetic cluster impact’’ is proposed for this new deposition method.
High-Rate and Smooth Surface Etching of Al<sub> 2</sub>O<sub> 3</sub>-TiC Employing Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) (1996)

High-rate and smooth surface etching of Al 2 O 3 -TiC, which is widely used as a slider material for magnetic recording heads, has been developed employing inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The etching rate of 200 nm/min was obtained with Cl 2 /BCl 3 mixture. However the etched morphology exhibited roughness around 40 nm Ra (arithmetic average deviation from center line) because of different etching rates for Al 2 O 3 and TiC grains in the substrate. The addition of Ar to the Cl 2 /BCl 3 improved both the etching rate and roughness of the etched surface considerably. As a result the high etching rate of more than 350 nm/min, which is more than ten times that of conventional Ar + ion etching, and relatively smooth surface roughness around 20 nm Ra were achieved with Ar/Cl 2 /BCl 3 mixture using 1.2 kW RF power and -500 V V dc .
Low‐power helium: Neon laser irradiation enhances production of vascular endothelial growth factor and promotes growth of endothelial cells in vitro (2001)

Our studies demonstrate that low-power laser irradiation increases production of VEGF by SMC, fibroblasts, and cardiac myocytes and stimulates EC growth in culture. These data may have significant importance leading to the establishment of new methods for endoluminal postangioplasty vascular repair and myocardial photoangiogenesis.
An End-to-End Language-Tracking Speech Recognizer for Mixed-Language Speech (2018)

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) can significantly reduce the burden of developing ASR systems for new languages, by eliminating the need for linguistic information such as pronunciation dictionaries. This also creates an opportunity to build a monolithic multilingual ASR system with a language-independent neural network architecture. In our previous work, we proposed a monolithic neural network architecture that can recognize multiple languages, and showed its effectiveness compared with conventional language-dependent models. However, the model is not guaranteed to properly handle switches in language within an utterance, thus lacking the flexibility to recognize mixed-language speech such as code-switching. In this paper, we extend our model to enable dynamic tracking of the language within an utterance, and propose a training procedure that takes advantage of a newly created mixed-language speech corpus. Experimental results show that the extended model outperforms both language-dependent models and our previous model without suffering from performance degradation that could be associated with language switching.