gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucose Induces MafA Expression in Pancreatic Beta Cell Lines via the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (2006)

MafA is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates gene expression in both the neuroretina and pancreas. Within the pancreas, MafA is exclusively expressed in the beta cells and is involved in insulin gene transcription, insulin secretion, and beta cell survival. The expression of the mafA gene within beta cells is known to increase in response to high glucose levels by an unknown mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that pyruvate, which is produced by glycolysis from glucose, is not sufficient to induce mafA gene expression compared with high glucose. This suggests that the signal for MafA induction is independent of ATP levels and that a metabolic event occurring upstream of pyruvate production leads to the induction of MafA. Furthermore, insulin secretion mediated by high glucose is not important for MafA expression. However, the addition of glucosamine to beta cell lines stimulates MafA expression in the absence of high glucose, and inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in the presence of high glucose abolishes MafA induction. Moreover, we demonstrate that the expression of UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase, the enzyme mediating O-linked glycosylation of cytosolic and nuclear proteins, is essential for glucose-dependent MafA expression. Consistent with this observation, inhibition of N-acetylglucosaminidase, the enzyme involved in the removal of the O-GlcNAc modification from proteins, with O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidene)amino-N-phenylcarbamate stimulates MafA expression under low glucose conditions. The presented data suggest that MafA expression mediated by high glucose requires flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and the O-linked glycosylation of an unknown protein(s) by UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase.
To collaborate, or not to collaborate?: the WReN Rapid Guide to assessing research requests (2003)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
High‐Performance Multifunctional Graphene‐PLGA Fibers: Toward Biomimetic and Conducting 3D Scaffolds (2016)

The development of electrically conducting fibers based on known cytocompatible materials is of interest to those engaged in tissue regeneration using electrical stimulation. Herein, it is demonstrated that with the aid of rheological insights, optimized formulations of graphene containing spinnable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) dopes can be made possible. This helps extend the general understanding of the mechanics involved in order to deliberately translate the intrinsic superior electrical and mechanical properties of solution‐processed graphene into the design process and practical fiber architectural engineering. The as‐produced fibers are found to exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance, good mechanical properties, and cellular affinity. At the highest loading of graphene (24.3 wt%), the conductivity of as‐prepared fibers is as high as 150 S m −1 (more than two orders of magnitude higher than the highest conductivity achieved for any type of nanocarbon‐PLGA composite fibers) reported previously. Moreover, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the base fiber are enhanced 647‐ and 59‐folds, respectively, through addition of graphene.
Composite materials having a layer structure of “sandwich” construction as above used in car safety bumpers (2018)

This paper is devoted to modern problems of reinforcement materials used in car bumpers manufacturing and as well as safety issues. Paper discusses methods and provisions for car bumper reinforcement material., As result the fail-safe energy absorbing construction is presented and tested, made from laminates A, B and C with sandwich filling of the method vacuum bagging, which confirmed the possibility of absorbing energy (i. e. work) in the entire range from 3.858-6.680J (for a stationary barrier with an impact velocity of V = 10-15 km/h - formula 1). It was found that the destruction of sandwich laminates with sandwich fillers took place by cutting the interface and the resin layer between the carbon cloth layer and the glass matting layer. The highest impact value was determined for laminate A at the level of 133.75 J (with Soric XF™filling), which was characterized by inter-layer cracking with plastic deformation of the core. Lower by about 65 and about 36% of the average impact strength for laminate C and B respectively compared to the average impact strength of laminate A, the of observed as a result of defects in the structure (i.e. plastic core deformation and one-sided delamination of aluminum and polypropylene respectively - PP from the components of the composites). In future using sandwich structured composites materials is very important from cost profitability from point through, testing and manufacturing, as well as composites repairs.
Fluidized Bed Adsorbent Systems for Extracorporeal Liver Support (2006)

Acute liver failure based on acute-on-chronic liver failure (AoCLF) or on acute severe damage of the liver caused by different etiologies includes complex mechanisms resulting in severe disturbances of principle liver functions. In order to compensate the liver's function of detoxification as efficiently as possible, fluidized bed absorbent systems have been designed. In these systems, small particles with specific adsorption properties for toxins related to acute liver failure are applied. A special technology based on adsorbents in suspension has been developed under the guidance of our group and is prepared for clinical application during the coming year. This technology is called microspheres-based detoxification system (MDS) and is based on microadsorbents with a diameter of 1-10 microm which are recirculated in suspension. The safety of the MDS is guaranteed by the use of fluorescently labeled magnetic microparticles, which in case of a membrane-leakage are detected in the blood circuit by an optical system equipped with a magnetic trap. In vitro tests with two kinds of microadsorbents (a combination of a hydrophobic neutral resin and an anion exchange resin) showed excellent efficiency of the system with respect to adsorption capacity as well as to the kinetics of elimination of albumin-bound substances (e.g. unconjugated bilirubin or cholic acid) and of non-protein-bound substances (e.g. phenol). Moreover, using a plasma filter or the Albuflow filter as membrane filters in the blood circuit, the MDS technology offers the possibility to remove inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) by additional use of specific adsorbents.
Instrumentation configurations for the performance of HEMP test procedures (2002)

The test procedures of MIL-STD-188-125, which are used to demonstrate HEMP (high-altitude electromagnetic pulse) hardness of fixed ground-based communications sites, are considered. Currently existing as a draft, the standard establishes a minimum specification for the design, engineering, fabrication, installation, and testing of ground-based facilities which perform critical, time-urgent command, control, communications, computer, and intelligence (C/sup 4/I) missions. Three categories of testing, shielding effectiveness, pulsed current injection, and low-level continuous wave (CW) immersion, are integrated in the standard's HEMP hardness evaluation process. Prototype test equipment, used to perform current injection and CW immersion procedures, was deployed in Europe to support a NATO test program which established hardness maintenance baselines for ground based C/sup 3/I facilities. The details of these tests and performance data for the mobile, integrated test equipment are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dronabinol for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting unresponsive to antiemetics (2016)

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most common symptoms feared by patients, but may be prevented or lessened with appropriate medications. Several antiemetic options exist to manage CINV. Corticosteroids, serotonin receptor antagonists, and neurokinin receptor antagonists are the classes most commonly used in the prevention of CINV. There are many alternative drug classes utilized for the prevention and management of CINV such as antihistamines, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, cannabinoids, and dopamine receptor antagonists. Medications belonging to these classes generally have lower efficacy and are associated with more adverse effects. They are also not as well studied compared to the aforementioned agents. This review will focus on dronabinol, a member of the cannabinoid class, and its role in CINV. Cannabis sativa L. (also known as marijuana) contains naturally occurring delta-9-tetrahydrocannibinol (delta-9-THC). The synthetic version of delta-9-THC is the active ingredient in dronabinol that makes dronabinol an orally active cannabinoid. Evidence for clinical efficacy of dronabinol will be analyzed in this review as monotherapy, in combination with ondansetron, and in combination with prochlorperazine.
Subcutaneous insulin order sets and protocols: Effective design and implementation strategies (2008)

No abstract.
Zirconium-Catalyzed Enantioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition of Hydrazones to Olefins Leading to Optically Active Pyrazolidine, Pyrazoline, and 1,3-Diamine Derivatives (2004)

Asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition of hydrazones to external olefins has been successfully conducted in high yields with high enantioselectivities using a chiral zirconium catalyst. These reactions open ways to synthetically and biologically important pyrazoline, pyrazolidine, and 1,3-diamine derivatives. Further, several experiments suggested that the reactions proceeded via concerted pathways.
Principles and Limitations of Computational MicroRNA Gene and Target Finding (2007)

In 2001 there were four PubMed entries matching the word "microRNA" (miRNA). Interestingly, this number has now far exceeded 1300 and is still rapidly increasing. This more than anything demonstrates the extreme attention this field has had within a short period of time. With the large amounts of sequence data being generated, the need for analysis by computational approaches is obvious. Here, we review the general principles used in computational gene and target finding, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the methods. Several methods rely on detection of evolutionary conserved candidates, but recent methods have challenged this paradigm by simultaneously searching for the gene and the corresponding target(s). Whereas the early methods made predictions based on sets of hand-derived rules from precursor-miRNA structure or observed target-miRNA interactions, recent methods apply machine learning techniques. Even though these methods are already powerful, the amount of data they rely on is still limited. Since it is evident that data are continuously being generated, it must be anticipated that these methods will further improve their performance.
Bovine Serum Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Cortisol and Milk Yield after Ergocryptine (1974)

Ten lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive, on 2 consecutive days, either 80 mg ergocryptine (Sandoz-Basel) in 50% ethanol, or 50% ethanol alone. On the day before treatment, serum prolactin in both groups of cows increased from an average of 14–16 ng/ml before milking to 28 ng/ml within 10 min after the application of milking stimuli. Comparable values on the 1st day of treatment were 20 and 35 for control (p < 0.01) and 1.3 and 1.4 for ergocryptine-treated cows. The decrease in serum prolactin after ergocryptine occurred within 2 h and lasted for at least 5 days. Serum cortisol and growth hormone concentrations and daily milk yields were unaffected by ergocryptine treatment. Ergocryptine at doses ranging from 0.01 to 10 µg/ml medium inhibited prolactin but not growth hormone release from pituitary cells cultured in vitro. These results are interpreted as evidence that ergocryptine can decrease serum prolactin in cattle at least in part by a direct effect on the pituitary. In addition, these results indicate that serum prolactin concentrations probably do not directly reflect lactational events.
Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease‐specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow‐up (2014)

NAFLD patients have increased risk of death, with a high risk of death from cardiovascular disease and liver-related disease. The NAS was not able to predict overall mortality, whereas fibrosis stage predicted both overall and disease-specific mortality.
Evolution of Late Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Coupling Reaction of [60]Fullerene and <i>N</i>‐Sulfonylaldimines: Competing Formation of Hydrobenzylated [60]Fullerenes and 1,2‐Dihydrofullerene (2012)

Abstract A system based on late transition‐metal halides, phosphanes, water, and reducing agents in 1,2‐dichlorobenzene can efficiently catalyze the intermolecular reductive coupling of [60]fullerene with N ‐sulfonylaldimines to afford novel 1,2‐hydrobenzylated [60]fullerene derivatives. We found that both group VII B metals (cobalt, rhodium, iridium) and group VIII B metals (nickel, palladium, platinum) perform this coupling reaction. A control experiment in the absence of aldimines produced C 60 H 2 , which showed that the reaction might proceed via a [60]fullerene metal complex [M(η 2 ‐C 60 )(ligand)]. An isotope labeling experiment with D 2 O as deuterium source resulted in deuterioaryzilation with deuterium bonded to the sp 3 ‐carbon of C 60 , providing evidence of a five‐membered azametallacycle intermediate. Evaluation of the scope of reductive coupling reaction with versatile aldimines gave access to the hydroaryzilation products. All the reductive coupling products were completely characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. A possible reaction mechanism based on these results is proposed. This discovery of the formation of reductive coupling compounds and metal‐catalyzed formation of C 60 H 2 are both new to metal catalysis and fullerene chemistry.
Pleural Complications of Nasoenteric Feeding Tubes (1985)

Pliable, small-bore, feeding tubes are inserted frequently in critically ill patients. The use of wire stylets to facilitate passage of these tubes has increased the chances of unrecognized tracheal intubations, particularly in obtunded patients. Five patients with depressed sensoria had inadvertent transbronchial insertions of feeding tubes into their pleural spaces over a 28-month period. The incidence of this complication among intensive care unit patients was 0.3%. Sequellae included pneumothoraces in four patients, pleural effusions in three patients, and pneumonia with a pulmonary abscess in one patient. The presence of cuffed endotracheal tubes did not prevent this complication in patients with depressed cough reflexes. Inexperience of feeding tube insertors may have contributed to pleural intubations in four of the patients. In patients with depressed sensoria, adequate confirmation of feeding tube location in the stomach or duodenum requires both chest and abdominal roentgenograms.
Bound states in the continuum (1975)

Quantum-mechanical examples have been constructed of local potentials with bound eigenstates embedded in the dense continuum of scattering states. The method employed corrects and extends a procedure invented by von Neumann and Wigner. Cases are cited whereby deformation of the local potential causes the continuum bound state to move downward through the bottom of the continuum, and to connect analytically to a nodeless ground state. A doubly excited model atom is also displayed, with interactions between its two "electrons," having an infinite lifetime (in the Schr\"odinger equation regime). In the light of these examples, attention is focused on quantitative interpretation of real tunneling phenomena, and on the existence of continuum bound states in atoms and molecules.
Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Targeting a Cryptic Neutralizing Epitope in Domain 2 of<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>Protective Antigen (2009)

Current evidence suggests that protective antigen (PA)-based anthrax vaccines may elicit a narrow neutralizing antibody repertoire, and this may represent a vulnerability with PA-based vaccines. In an effort to identify neutralizing specificities which may complement those prevalent in PA antiserum, we evaluated whether sequences within the 2beta2-2beta3 loop of PA, which are apparent in the crystal structure of heptameric but not monomeric PA, might represent a target for an epitope-specific vaccine for anthrax and, further, whether antibodies to these sequences are induced in rabbits immunized with monomeric PA. We evaluated the immunogenicity in rabbits of a multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) displaying copies of amino acids (aa) 305 to 319 of this region. Overall, four out of six rabbits vaccinated with the MAP peptide in Freund's adjuvant developed high-titer, high-avidity antibody responses which cross-reacted with the immobilized peptide sequence comprising aa 305 to 319 and with PA, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and which displayed potent and durable neutralization of lethal toxin (LeTx) in vitro, with peak titers which were 452%, 100%, 67%, and 41% of the peak neutralization titers observed in positive-control rabbits immunized with PA. Importantly, analysis of sera from multiple cohorts of rabbits with high-titer immunity to PA demonstrated a virtual absence of this potent antibody specificity, and work by others suggests that this specificity may be present at only low levels in primate PA antiserum. These results highlight the potential importance of this immunologically cryptic neutralizing epitope from PA as a target for alternative and adjunctive vaccines for anthrax.
Effect of positron range on spatial resolution. (1975)

The effect of beta+ range on spatial resolution of imaging systems employing the detection of 511-keV annihilation radiation was determined by measuring the variation in the line-spread functions (LSFs) of positron-emitting radionuclides of 64Cu, 11C, and 15O as compared with the 514-keV gamma-ray emitter 85Sr. These radionuclides have maximum beta+ energies of 0.656, 0.960, and 1.72 MeV, respectively. The LSFs were measured in a tissue-equivalent phantom with high-resolution (approximately 2.4 mm FWHM) and low-resolution (approximately 8.8 mm FWHM) straightbore collimators coupled to a NaI(Tl) detector. Theoretical LSFs for the beta+ ranges were also calculated and convolved with the 85Sr LSF to yield the predicted LSFs for 11C and 15O. The high-resolution study showed a 0% and 2.3% increase in the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) and full-width tenth-maximum (FWO.1M) for the low-energy beta+ of 64Cu and a 37% (FWHM) and 52% (FWO.1M) increase for the high energy beta+ of 15O as compared with 85Sr. However, when the system resolution was decreased to 8.8 mm FWHM, the 64Cu showed no change at FWHM or FWO.1M and the 15O showed a 2.3% (FWHM) and 7.8% (FWO.1M) relative to 85Sr. The predicted LSFs were in good agreement with the experimental. These data indicate that the effect of beta+ range on spatial resolution is minimal unless the beta+ energy is larger than or equal to 1.5 MeV and the system resolution is on the order of a few millimeters.
<title>Complementary methods for extracting road centerlines from IKONOS imagery</title> (2003)

We present both semi-automated and automated methods for road extraction using IKONOS imagery. The automated method extracts straight-line, gridded road networks by inferring a local grid structure from initial information and then filling in missing pieces using hypothesization and verification. This can be followed by the semi-automated road tracker tool to approximate curvilinear roads and to fill in some of the remaining missing road structure. After a panchromatic texture analysis, our automated method incorporates an object-level processing phase which enables the algorithm to avoid problems arising from interference such as crosswalks and vehicles. It is limited, however, in that the logic is designed for reasoning concerning intersecting grid patterns of straight road segments. Many suburban areas are characterized by curving streets which may not be well-approximated using this automatic method. In these areas, missing content can be filled in using a semi-automated tool which tracks between user-supplied points. The semi-automated algorithm is based on measures derived from both the panchromatic and multispectral bands of IKONOS. We will discuss both of these algorithms in detail and how they fit into our overall solution strategy for road extraction. A presentation of current experimentation and test results will be followed by a discussion of advantages, shortcomings, and directions for future research and improvements.
Self-Rectifying Behavior and Analog Switching under Identical Pulses Using Tri-Layer RRAM Crossbar Array for Neuromorphic Systems (2017)

This work analyzes the self-rectifying behavior and the response under identical pulses of tri-layer RRAMs in crossbar arrays to implement the synapse function. Our finding shows that tri-layer RRAMs allow to achieve a stable Low Resistance State (LRS) without complete oxide breakdown. The first RRAM layer works as tunneling barrier allowing to achieve on-state half-bias nonlinearity. Thanks to LRS nonlinearity the power consumption during synaptic programming is reduces of one order of magnitude. Analog switching under identical pulses allows to emulate synaptic plasticity. The multilevel states of conductance have been explained by the enlargement of the conductive filament (CF) in the broken oxide by means of physical based simulations.
Traumatic axonal damage in the brain can be detected using β‐APP immunohistochemistry within 35 min after head injury to human adults (2007)

Immunohistochemistry staining for beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) is a sensitive method to detect early axonal damage in traumatic brain injury, which was previously estimated to be of minimum 60-90 min after head injury. We present seven cases of well-documented posttraumatic survival of 35-60 min where beta-APP detects early axonal damage. Cases were selected from routine work where documentation about survival is judged to be accurate. These are divided into three groups: group 1: severe head injury (n = 7) with documented survival between 35 and 60 min. Group 2: severe head injury (n = 4) with documented survival of less than 30 min. Group 3: cases (n = 4) where death was not due to head injury but survival is documented between 45 and 109 min. The brains were fixed in formalin for 4 weeks and six regions (frontal lobe with anterior corpus callosum, parietal lobe with deep white matter, basal ganglia with posterior limb of internal capsule, cerebellum with white matter and middle cerebellar peduncle and pons with basis pontis and superior cerebellar peduncle) were sampled. All blocks were stained for haematoxylin and eosin and beta-APP and selected ones for CD68, using antigen retrieval method. In group 1 sections revealed beta-APP immunoreactivity in forms of small globules and granules and occasionally as thin and short filaments. These were detected in the pons, corpus callosum, internal capsule and cerebral white matter, with some variation in localization and intensity. In groups 2 and 3 all the sections were negative for beta-APP staining. None of the cases showed evidence of severe brain swelling, increased intracranial pressure, ischaemia or infection. Using the antigen retrieval method, beta-APP immunohistochemistry can detect axonal damage within 35 min after severe head injury. These results may have an implication in the consideration of minimal survival time after traumatic head injury in medico-legal practice.