gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Terrestrial Relaying of Satellite Broadcasted Real-Time Multimedia Streams (2011)

This paper describes an architecture to relay on demand a real-time IP multicast audio-video stream broadcasted by a satellite on a terrestrial link. The stream is received by suitably equipped sites and then relayed to other sites that are not equipped with satellite receiving hardware but are nonetheless willing to receive the stream. By exploiting the properties of satellite transmission and adopting a hybrid satellite/terrestrial, multicast/unicast approach, the described architecture allows to overcome the restrictions suffered by multicast traffic in the global Internet, allowing it to scale easily across autonomous systems. All things considered, the proposed architecture outlines a large-scale interactive audio-video distribution system similar to those based on Content Distribution Networks (CDN) and it compares favorably with them when performances, costs and scalability are examined.
Water-Induced Damage to Propped-Fracture Conductivity in Shale Formations (2015)

Summary Shale fracture conductivity can be reduced significantly by shale/water interactions. Factors that may influence shale fracture conductivity include shale mineralogy, proppant embedment, shale-fines migration, proppant-fines migration, brine concentration, longer-term stress application, and residual water in the fracture. The study of excessive proppant embedment has been reported in our previous work (Zhang et al. 2014a). This paper presents the studies of the remainder of these factors. Laboratory experiments were run to understand each of these factors. To study the effect of rock mineralogy, recovered fracture conductivities after water damage were measured for Barnett shale, Eagle Ford shale, and Berea sandstone. During conductivity measurements, water-flow directions were switched to study the effect of shale-fines migration. The size of shale fines was measured by microscopic imaging techniques, and scanning-electron-microscope observations were also presented. Proppant-fines migration was examined by placing two colors of sand on each half of the fracture surface, and then a microscope was used to identify the migrated crushed sands of one sand color mixed in with the other sand color. Fresh water and 2% KCl were injected to study the effect of brine concentration. After water injection, the proppant pack was either fully dried or kept wet to investigate the damage caused by residual water. Results showed that clay content determines the fracture-conductivity damage caused by water. Fines generated from the shale fracture because of fracture-face spalling, slope instability, and clay dispersion can migrate inside the fracture and are responsible for 12 to 20% of the conductivity reduction. There is no evidence of crushed-proppant-particle migration in this study. Longer-term stress application accounts for a 20% reduction of the fracture conductivity. In the Barnett shale tests, further conductivity damage caused by fresh water after brine injection is not significant when initial conductivities are greater than 65 md-ft. Removal of the residual water from the fracture by evaporation helps to recover the fracture conductivity to a small extent. A theoretical model of propped-fracture conductivity was extended to include the effects of water damage on fracture conductivity. An empirical correlation for the damage effects in the Barnett shale was implemented in this model.
Drug-induced Ca2+ release from isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum. II. Releases involving a Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channel. (1987)

Calcium ions that have been preloaded into isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum subfractions in the presence of ATP and pyrophosphate may be released upon addition of a large number of diverse pharmacologic substances. We report here that not only caffeine, but also Ca2+ ions, thymol, quercetin, menthol, halothane, chloroform, 1-ethyl-2-methylbenzimidazole, ryanodine, tetraphenylboron, ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, W-7, doxorubicin, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, and low concentrations of Ag+ induce Ca2+ release from such triadic sarcoplasmic reticulum. All these drugs induce increased undirectional Ca2+ efflux. We believe all these drug-induced Ca2+ releases are mediated by Ca2+ efflux through the same ion channel since these releases are all greatly attenuated when light sarcoplasmic reticulum is substituted for triads and are even more pronounced when transverse tubule-free terminal cisternae are substituted for triads, and all these forms of drug-induced Ca2+ release are inhibited by submicromolar concentrations of ruthenium red, and by submillimolar concentrations of tetracaine, 9-aminoacridine, and Ba2+, yet they are not affected by nifedipine even at a concentration of 50 microM.
RNA-mediated transfer of tumor immunity —A new model for the immunotherapy of cancer (1971)

The adoptive transfer of tumor-specific transplantation immunity was accomplished in a syngeneic rat tumor-host system. Rats which received intravenous injections of spleen cells from Fisher 344/N rats immunized by amputation of growing isografts of a benz(a)pyrene-induced fibrosarcoma (BP-1R) manifested a significant decrease in the incidence of development of tumor isografts. The intravenous administration of normal spleen cells to syngeneic rats was not effective. In other experiments, Fisher 344/N rats were immunized in a similar manner, and RNA was extracted from their spleens. Normal F-344/N spleen cells were incubated with this “immune” RNA, and injected intravenously into F-344/N rats which were then challenged with viable BP-1R cells. A marked decrease in tumor growth rate resulted. The intravenous administration of spleen cells incubated with RNA extracted from the spleens of unimmunized rats was ineffective. In the same tumor-host system, RNA, extracted from the nodes and spleens of guinea pigs immunized with the BP-1R sarcoma, was mixed with sodium dextran sulfate, a potent inhibitor of ribonuclease, and administered to normal F-344/N rats which were then challenged with BP-1R cells. A significant reduction in the incidence of tumor development was noted. Dextran sulfate alone had no effect on the incidence of tumor isograft development, and RNA extracted from the lymph nodes and spleens of unimmunized guinea pigs and mixed with dextran sulfate was also ineffective. The systemic administration of “immune” RNA, or the administration of autologous lymphocytes pre-incubated in “immune” RNA to human cancer patients may be an effective method of suppressing or eliminating small foci of persistent or metastatic cancer, and could be an important immunotherapeutic adjuvant to established modalities of cancer therapy.
HEAT TRANSFER AND FRICTION LOSS PERFORMANCE IN FLOW NETWORKS WITH MULTIPLE INTERSECTIONS (1993)

Abstract An experimental study is performed on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in multiple-intersection flow networks consisting of a 60° intersection angle. Air is used as the working fluid. Both the pitch-to-hydraulic diameter ratio and the Reynolds number are varied. Results are expressed in terms of the heat transfer and friction factors and their ratio, called the “goodness factor.” It is found that the flow networks are characterized by a much higher goodness factor than a pin-finned surface of equivalent geometry when flow conditions are in the range of interested heat exchange applications. Additional informationNotes on contributorsWen-Jei Yang College of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Michigan, 2250 G. G. Brown, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Perturbative gauge invariance: the electroweak theory (1999)

Abstract The concept of perturbative gauge invariance formulated exclusively by means of asymptotic fields is generalized to massive gauge fields. Applying it to the electroweak theory leads to a complete fixing of couplings of scalar and ghost fields and of the coupling to leptons, in agreement with the standard theory. The W/Z mass ratio is also determined, as well as the chiral character of the fermions. We start directly with massive gauge fields and leptons and, nevertheless, obtain a theory which satisfies perturbative gauge invariance.
Experimental evidence for beta adrenergic blocking properties of propafenone and for their potential clinical relevance (1993)

The magnitude and biological relevance in vivo of the beta-blocking properties, observed in vitro, of propafenone remains controversial. We studied the effects of propafenone on the heart rate response to graded stimulation of the right stellate ganglion in 13 anaesthetized, vagotomized cats. The decentralized ganglion was stimulated (3 ms, 10 to 15 V) for periods of 45 s at frequencies from 1 to 14 Hz. The effects of sympathetic stimulation on heart rate were evaluated by the relationship between stimulation frequency and changes in heart rate from control. The relationship was significantly displaced downward and to the right by propafenone (4 mg.kg-1, n = 7), indicating a blunted response to sympathetic stimulation. This effect was lost at the highest frequencies. The frequency range at which propafenone was effective is the same as that elicited in cardiac sympathetic nerves by acute myocardial ischaemia. With propranolol (0.5 mg.kg-1 n = 4), the effects on the heart rate response were similar but of greater magnitude. Another sodium channel blocker (flecainide, 4 mg.kg-1 n = 2) was administered, and no changes were observed in the heart rate response. Thus, propafenone has significant beta-blocking effects, which would be of clinical relevance during the reflex sympathetic activation consequent to myocardial ischaemia.
Development of a Sensitive Microarray Immunoassay for the Quantitative Analysis of Neuropeptide Y (2012)

A direct competitive immunoassay in an antibody microarray format was developed for the sensitive detection of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and employed in the analysis of NPY in human sweat samples. This is the first demonstration that antibody microarray, as a powerful multiplex analysis tool, can be used for the sensitive determination of NPY and potentially other neuropeptides. 400 pg/mL of dibiotinylated NPY and 0.1 mg/mL spotting capture antibody were found to offer the best performance, yielding a sensitivity of 50 pg/mL and a linear dynamic range of 0.1-100 ng/mL for NPY. Evaluation of matrix effects by using artificial sweat revealed that dialysis is necessary for analyzing NPY in human sweat samples with microarray immunoassay. In a preliminary application, 50-210 pg/mL of NPY was detected in sweat samples collected with Macroduct collectors. This study indicates that antibody microarrays can be used for NPY analysis and that human sweat could be a valuable sample source for biomarker and proteomics studies, especially when noninvasive human sample collection is preferable.
Women, Birth and Death in Jewish Law and Practice (2006)

Women, Birth and Death in Jewish Law and Practice, by Rochelle L. Millen. Hanover: University Press of New England/Brandeis University Press, 2004. 246 pp. $27.50. This book examines how women draw on and engage the Jewish tradition at the tender and momentous occasions when life is given and taken. The author identifies five different domains within which the tradition structures women's experiences of birth and death: 1) in its attitudes towards birth control and conception, 2) in its embrace of childbearing and responses to infertility, 3) in the rituals it supplies for acknowledging the birth of a daughter, 4) in the recitation of kaddish for a deceased parent, child, or sibling, and 5) at the funeral and gravesite of a deceased parent, child, or sibling. Each of these topics forms the rubric for a single chapter, except for the last two topics, which are combined in a single chapter. With a single exception, each chapter follows a standard format in which the author surveys the traditional sources and Orthodox approaches to the topic with a focus on ritual and legal concerns. Having established a so-called halakhic baseline, the author then reviews the recent developments in the Conservative and Reform movements. Finally, the author analyzes where the traditional frameworks place women on the spectrum between public and private domains and how they impact women's realization of autonomy and/or subordinate them to community norms. The most successful part of the book, in this reader's opinion, is the survey of traditional sources and their legal interpretation amongst Orthodox decisors that form the core of each chapter. It is here that the author seems most in her element. Her mastery of a vast range of sources from rabbinic to medieval, modern and contemporary responsa is truly breaktaking. Her analysis of the legal issues at stake is also very clear and informative. These sections of the book provide a valuable resource for anyone interested in or researching life cycle events in the history of Judaism. This reader did not find the sections of each chapter in which the author examines the development of the women's participation in the Conservative and Reform movements to be as strong. Too often it seems that the analysis of Reform Judaism consists of the observation that this movement has rejected the binding authority of halakhah, and so the concepts and issues discussed in the earlier part of the chapter are not relevant for Reform Jews (e. …
Development of nonthrombogenicity of injured rabbit aortas despite inhibition of platelet adherence. (1986)

After removal of the endothelium from normal rabbit aortas or after injury to the neointima, the injured surfaces rapidly become nonreactive to circulating platelets. Experiments were done to determine whether prevention of the initial interaction of platelets with the surfaces would influence the loss of vessel wall reactivity. Inhibition of platelet accumulation on the subendothelium by the infusion of PGI2 (850 ng/kg/min) or the administration of dipyridamole (12.5 mg/kg initially followed by 5 mg/kg/hr) for periods of less than 8 hours inhibited platelet accumulation of platelets on the surfaces when the infusions were stopped. If the animals were treated for 8 hours, platelets did not accumulate on the surface when the drugs were discontinued. Thus, an injured vessel wall can develop a nonthrombogenic surface even when platelet adherence is prevented, although approximately 8 hours are required before the surface loses its ability to interact with platelets.
Assembly of Nanoparticles using Surface‐Grafted Orthogonal Polymer Gradients (2003)

Abstract Summary: We report on preparing poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) gradient substrate, wherein molecular weight (MW) and grafting density ( σ ) of the surface‐anchored PDMAEMA chains vary continuously in two orthogonal directions. Such a specimen is used to control the assembly of charged gold nanoparticles. Increasing MW and σ of the grafted PDMAEMA cause an enhanced binding of the nanoparticles to PDMAEMA, thus leading to an orthogonal number density gradient of surface‐bound gold nanoparticles. magnified image
AN EFFICIENT INVERSE SCATTERING ALGORITHM AND ITS APPLICATION TO LOSSY ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINE SYNTHESIS (2011)

International audience
Recommended table for the density of water between 0  C and 40  C based on recent experimental reports (2001)

Experimental results from four recent research reports on the determination of the density/temperature relationship of Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW) under a pressure of 101 325 Pa are analysed and a new formula is recommended for metrological applications. This paper determines the formulae of density and relative density, with their uncertainties, in the temperature range 0 °C to 40 °C. The uncertainty estimation of one of the reports included in the analysis has been re-evaluated. Effects on water density due to isotopic mixtures other than SMOW, ambient pressures different from 101 325 Pa, and the presence of dissolved air, are also reviewed.
Control of shape of silicon needles fabricated by highly selective anisotropic dry etching (2002)

The process to fabricate a needle-shaped silicon crystal (silicon needle) has been developed. These silicon needles are fabricated by highly selective anisotropic dry etching, where the etching mask is oxygen precipitation in the silicon substrate. In order to apply these silicon needles to field emitters, the shape of the silicon needle should be controlled. This is because a high aspect ratio can lead to electric field enhancement around tips and a flared base of the silicon needle can lead to mechanical and thermal stability. In this article we studied how to control the shape of the silicon needles. We found that the silicon needles with a high aspect ratio could be obtained by either lowering the deposition rate of sidewall passivation film or increasing etching depth, unlike conventional silicon cones fabricated by isotropic dry etching. Furthermore, a high aspect ratio could induce a flared base of the silicon needle, since incident ions were reduced in the vicinity of the base due to a shadowing effect by the silicon needle with a high aspect ratio.
Biological Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Progress, Problems and Prospects, by G. R. Stirling. x + 282 pp. Wallingford: CAB International (1991). £38.50 or $73.00 (hardback). ISBN 0 85198 703 6. (1992)

Biological Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Progress, Problems and Prospects, by G. R. Stirling. x + 282 pp. Wallingford: CAB International (1991). £38.50 or $73.00 (hardback). ISBN 0 85198 703 6. - Volume 118 Issue 2
Anaerobic hydrolysis kinetics of particulate substrates (2000)

A mathematical description of the surface related hydrolysis kinetics for spherical particles in a batch digestion is presented as well as a verification of this model with particulate starch as a substrate. Three substrates containing starch with different particle size distributions (PSD) were used. Two were obtained from fresh potatoes by wet sieving and for the third substrate a commercially available starch was used. The substrates were batch digested at 30 degrees C with granular sludge as inoculum and the hydrolysis efficiency was measured and fitted with the model. The results revealed that the hydrolysis rates for the three substrates were equal, viz. 0.4 +/- 0.1 g starch/m2/hour. Moreover, for the commercial starch not only the hydrolysis efficiency but also the changes within the PSD of the starch was determined several times with the use of light microscopy and image analysis. The obtained experimental PSD showed good similarity with the theoretical PSD from model calculations. This shows that the surface of the particulate substrate is the key factor for the hydrolysis process.
Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem applied to refinements of the atomic pair distribution function (2011)

We have systematically studied the optimal real-space sampling of atomic pair distribution (PDF) data by comparing refinement results from oversampled and resampled data. Based on nickel and a complex perovskite system, we show that not only is the optimal sampling bounded by the Nyquist interval described by the Nyquist-Shannon (NS) sampling theorem as expected, but near this sampling interval, the data points in the PDF are minimally correlated, which results in more reliable uncertainty estimates in the modeling. Surprisingly, we find that PDF refinements quickly become unstable for data on coarser grids. Although the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem is well known, it has not been applied to PDF refinements, despite the growing popularity of the PDF method and its adoption in a growing number of communities. Here, we give explicit expressions for the application of NS sampling theorem to the PDF case, and establish through modeling that it is working in practice, which lays the groundwork for this to become more widely adopted. This has implications for the speed and complexity of possible refinements that can be carried out many times faster than currently with no loss of information, and it establishes a theoretically sound limit on the amount of information contained in the PDF that will prevent over-parametrization during modeling.
The Use of Multiple Antigen Peptides in the Analysis and Induction of Protective Immune Responses against Infectious Diseases (1995)

This chapter focuses on the application of multiple antigen peptide (MAP) technology to the development of a vaccine for the human malaria plasmodium falciparum. Therefore, the studies on the MAPs vaccines based on the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein are reviewed and compared with other experimental systems in terms of MAPs synthesis, formulation, antigenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy. In this chapter, the term “MAP” refers to branched peptides synthesized on a polylysine core. The MAPs are used as immunogen and antigens, with the ultimate purpose of inducing and characterizing the protective immune responses. In addition to their potential as immunogen for prophylaxis of infectious diseases, MAPs provide sensitive immunological reagents for immunocyte-chemical studies and for the measurement of antibody/antigen and receptor/ligand interactions. In experimental models, MAPs have been shown to induce protective antibody and T cell responses to rodent malaria species and the parasitic helminth, schistosomu and munsoni, as well as neutralizing antibody against pathogenic viruses, including HIV-1 and foot and mouth disease virus. MAPs, synthetic macromolecules containing defined B and/or T cell epitopes of one or more antigens, have provided unique immunological reagents for the analysis and induction of cellular and humoral immune responses to a wide range of infectious diseases. In contrast to the carrier-dependent immunogenicity of most linear synthetic peptides, MAPs utilize a peptide core matrix to construct a synthetic macromolecule that is immunogenic in the absence of protein carrier. Unlike peptide-carrier protein conjugates, the size, number, ratio, and relative position of T and B cell epitopes in MAPs can be defined, thus providing the opportunity to examine the influence of these factors on immunogenicity and antigenicity of peptide vaccines.
O<sub>2</sub>Evolution and Permanganate Formation from High-Valent Manganese Complexes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTO2 Evolution and Permanganate Formation from High-Valent Manganese ComplexesJulian Limburg, Gary W. Brudvig, and Robert H. CrabtreeView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11, 2761–2762Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1997Publication History Received12 November 1996Published online19 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja963899mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja963899mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1512Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,Hydrolysis,Ligands,Oligomers,Transition metals Get e-Alerts