gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study on assessing feature location techniques (2009)

This paper presents an exploratory study of ten feature location techniques that use various combinations of textual, dynamic, and static analyses. Unlike previous studies, the approaches are evaluated in terms of finding multiple relevant methods, not just a single starting point of a feature's implementation. Additionally, a new way of applying textual analysis is introduced by which queries are automatically composed of the identifiers of a method known to be relevant to a feature. Our results show that this new type of query is just as effective as a query formulated by a human. We also provide insights into situations when certain feature location approaches work well and fall short. Our results and observations can be used to guide future research on feature location.
Sparse Audio Coding Via Targeted Dithering And Combinatorial Decoding (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
A Bayesian Approach to Sensor Fusion in Autonomous Sensor and Robot Networks (2007)

This article describes some of the current challenges in autonomous sensor and robot networks, with special focus on issues concerning the fusion of information from several sensors to improve the accuracy in the cooperative localization of objects or to help the wide-sense networked sensors to self-localize. Although many other approaches exist, the focus is on Bayesian approaches to sensor fusion and state estimation.
κ-carrageenan induces the disruption of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers by promoting the interaction between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells (2013)

κ-carrageenan (κ-CGN) is an important food additive that has been demonstrated to induce colitis in animal models. In the present study, the effects of κ-CGN were assessed using an in vitro co-culture system that contained intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and activated macrophage-like THP-1 cells. The results demonstrated that in single cultures of Caco-2 and THP-1 cells treated with κ-CGN, the cytotoxicity and the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were low. In the co-culture system, however, κ-CGN treatment resulted in apoptosis and reduced the transepithelial electrical resistance of the Caco-2 cell monolayers. The secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 from the two cell types were increased significantly by κ-CGN treatment. Furthermore, pretreatment of the co-culture system with anti-TNF receptor 1 antibody suppressed the κ-CGN-induced apoptosis and attenuated the changes in the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in the Caco-2 monolayers. This study indicated that κ-CGN-induced TNF-α secretion is the main contributor to cellular damage in Caco-2 monolayers exposed to κ-CGN.
Layering Assume-Guarantee Contracts for Hierarchical System Design (2018)

Specifications for complex engineering systems are typically decomposed into specifications for individual subsystems in a manner that ensures they are implementable and simpler to develop further. We describe a method to algorithmically construct component specifications that implement a given specification when assembled. By eliminating variables that are irrelevant to realizability of each component, we simplify the specifications and reduce the amount of information necessary for operation. We parametrize the information flow between components by introducing parameters that select whether each variable is visible to a component. The decomposition algorithm identifies which variables can be hidden while preserving realizability and ensuring correct composition, and these are eliminated from component specifications by quantification and conversion of binary decision diagrams to formulas. The resulting specifications describe component viewpoints with full information with respect to the remaining variables, which is essential for tractable algorithmic synthesis of implementations. The specifications are written in TLA <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , with liveness properties restricted to an implication of conjoined recurrence properties, known as GR(1). We define an operator for forming open systems from closed systems, based on a variant of the “while-plus” operator. This operator simplifies the writing of specifications that are realizable without being vacuous. To convert the generated specifications from binary decision diagrams to readable formulas over integer variables, we symbolically solve a minimal covering problem. We show with examples how the method can be applied to obtain contracts that formalize the hierarchical structure of system design.
Identification of cell type-dependent enhancer core element located in the 3'-downstream region of the human angiotensinogen gene. (1994)

We previously demonstrated that the 3.8-kilobase DNA fragment containing exons 4 and 5 of the human angiotensinogen (hAG) gene enhances the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, under control of the hAG promoter, in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. In the present study, to define regulatory elements of the hAG gene, we have functionally dissected this downstream region and localized a cell type-dependent enhancer to the 832-base pair sequence containing the exon 5 and 3'-flanking region. Further deletion analyses revealed that the 24-base pair core DNA fragment present in the 3'-flanking region was responsible for this enhancement. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that the 3'-enhancer core element interacts specifically with two nuclear factors from the HepG2 cells, one of which is an uncharacterized factor (human angiotensinogen enhancer factor-1: hAEF-1), the other is an AP-3-related factor. Mutation analyses indicated that the disruption of hAEF-1 binding alone completely impaired the enhancer activity of the core element. These results suggested that the downstream enhancer core element interacting with hAEF-1 plays an important role in activating the angiotensinogen promoter in a cell type-dependent manner.
QUINAZOLINONE SULFONAMIDES AS DIURETIC AGENTS (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQUINAZOLINONE SULFONAMIDES AS DIURETIC AGENTSElliott Cohen, Betty Klarberg, and James R. Vaughan Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 20, 5508–5509Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01529a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01529a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transitional cell neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Can biologic potential be predicted from histologic grading? (1987)

The concept that most transitional cell neoplasms of the urinary bladder exist as either nonaggressive lesions of low cytologic grade or aggressive anaplastic cancers is gradually gaining acceptance. The extent to which the biological potential of these neoplasms is revealed in their pathologic features is the subject of this article. Using guidelines developed in experimental models, a series of 400 transitional cell neoplasms selected for long-term follow-up were classified into the WHO system. The results indicate that (1) almost all transitional cell tumors can be grouped into low and high grades at initial presentation; (2) the low grade lesions (usually designated transitional cell carcinoma, Grade I) are benign and should be called papillomas rather than carcinomas; (3) the risk of progression is not a function of the number of recurrences for these noninvasive, low-grade, papillary tumors; (4) the high-grade neoplasms are aggressive whether papillary or nodular and account for greater than 93% of tumor-related deaths; (5) patients with high-grade lesions have a reduced life expectancy even if progression does not occur; (6) depth of invasion and growth pattern are limited as predictive factors compared with histologic grade; (7) histologic grading of the initial tumor tissue can be highly predictive of outcome.
Una mirada a la propiedad intelectual de agroquímicos desde la perspectiva latinoamericana. (2003)

This article is an analysis of Latin-American legal regulations on undisclosed test data protection, and speciality of this new category of Intellectual Property. The paper is made on the ground of article 39.3 of the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement), analyses the legal state of undisclosed test data in Latin-American countries and the point of view of the agrochemical industry regarding these regulations. It also analyses issues as public interest vs. private interest and equity on the regulations.
A double-blind evaluation of evening primrose oil as an antiobesity agent. (1983)

Evening Primrose Oil (EPO) is a naturally occurring rich source of essential fatty acids, especially linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid. It has been suggested that it has antiobesity properties. This double-blind 12-week study was undertaken in 100 women with substantial obesity: 40 with refractory obesity, and 60 at time of initial referral to a hospital clinic. Seventy-four subjects completed the study. Those treated with EPO were comparable in age and degree of obesity with the placebo-treated group. There was no significant difference in the weight loss achieved by those taking EPO compared with placebo, either in the subjects with refractory obesity or in those treated at time of initial referral. It would appear that any antiobesity property possessed by EPO is clinically insignificant.
Motor biases in visual attention for a humanoid robot (2014)

Tantalizing evidence derived from psychophysics and developmental psychology experiments has shown that attention is task-dependent. Two characteristics of human control of attention are very relevant for humanoid robots, namely, the ability to predict the context (task dependence) from the observed stimuli, and the ability to learn an appropriate movement strategy perhaps over developmental time scales. In this paper we aim at implementing these features to control attention in a humanoid robot by including a set of trajectory predictors in the simple but effective form of Kaiman filters, and, more importantly, a reinforcement learning based process that utilizes the predictors and the complete set of actions of the robot repertoire to generate a suitably optimal action sequence. Preliminary experiments show that the system indeed works correctly: it uses the predictors to discriminate the environmental context (e.g. static vs. dynamic) and produces a valid control policy that drives the robot to fixation of the task-relevant static or moving stimuli.
The ionic polymerization of cyclic olefins using optically active gegen ions (1961)

Abstract The cyclic olefins 4, 5‐dihydro‐2‐methylfuran, indene, 1‐methylcylcopentene, and αhyphen;angelica lactone were polymerized using catalyst‐cocatalyst complexes of boron triflu‐oride with asymmetric Lewis bases. Various conditions of temperature and dielectric constant of the media were employed but in no case was optical activity observed in the polymers produced. The stereochemistry of the addition polymerization of cyclic olefins is discussed and it is proposed that a thermodynamically preferred trans‐trans addition may predominate over any asymmetric inductive effect to yield an internally compensated polymer. The anionic polymerization of 1‐cyanocyclopentene is also described.
The American Cream Horse (1946)

On March 4, 1944, a small group of Iowa farmers met for the explicit purpose of organizing the American Cream Horse Association. This new breed, the American Cream Horse, is considered to be the first breed of draft horses originated in America and it is expected to gain much interest.
String variables (1985)

Revision: Characters are the letters of the alphabet, the numbers 0 to 9, punctuation marks and special symbols as +, -, *.
Pharmaceutical Mini-Tablets, its Advantages, Formulation Possibilities and General Evaluation Aspects: A Review (2014)

The objective of controlled drug delivery systems is to reduce the frequency of the dosing and to increase the effectiveness of the drug by localization. In oral controlled drug delivery systems, multiple unit dosage forms (MUDFs), like granules, pellets and minitablets effectively control the release of the drug when compared to single unit dosage forms (SUDFs) like tablets and capsules. Among all MUDFs, mini-tablets offer several advantages like they can be manufactured relatively easily, they do not require any solvent for their production, can be coated reproducibly, and also requires less coating material. Also, there is a great flexibility during their formulation development. In this context, last few decades have witnessed some major advancement. This review emphasizes the various advantages of mini-tablets, formulation possibilities, general evaluation tests, and brief insight to marketed drugs.
Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFourier Transform Raman SpectroscopyBruce ChaseCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 14, 881A–889APublication Date (Print):July 15, 1987Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 15 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00141a714https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00141a714research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transforming growth factor‐beta 3(Tgf‐β3) in a collagen gel delays fusion of the rat posterior interfrontal suture in vivo (2002)

Postnatal expansion of the intramembranous bones of the craniofacial skeleton occurs as bone growth at sutures. Loss of the bone growth site occurs when the suture fails to form, or when the newly formed sutures become ossified, resulting in premature obliteration. Previous experiments demonstrated that removal of dura mater from fetal rat coronal sutures, or neutralizing transforming growth factor-beta 2 (Tgf-β2) activity using antibodies resulted in premature obliteration of the suture in vitro. Conversely, addition of Tgf-β3 to coronal sutures in vitro rescued them from osseous obliteration. To examine whether Tgf-β3 rescues sutures from obliteration in vivo, a collagen gel was used as a vehicle to deliver Tgf-β3 to the normally fusing rat posterior interfrontal (IF) suture. Surgery was done on postnatal day 9 (P9) rats, in which collagen gels containing 0, 3, or 30 ng Tgf-β3 were placed above the IF suture, underneath the periosteum for 2 weeks. By P24, 75–100% of animals in control unoperated, sham-operated, and collagen gel-only groups had fused IF sutures. In contrast, 40% of sutures exposed to 3 ng Tgf-β3 remained open, while sutures exposed to 30 ng Tgf-β were similar to controls. By immunohistochemistry, sutures rescued from obliteration by Tgf-β3 had the same Tgf-β receptor type II (Tβr-II) distribution as controls. However, Tgf-β3-treated sutures had altered Tgf-β2 and Tβr-I distribution compared to controls. Anat Rec 267:120–130, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Market-oriented cloud computing: vision, hype, and reality of delivering computing as the 5th utility. (2009)

Computing is being transformed to a model consisting of services that are commoditised and delivered in a manner similar to utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and telephony. In such a model, users access services based on their requirements without regard to where the services are hosted. Several computing paradigms have promised to deliver this utility computing vision and they include Grid computing, P2P computing, and more recently Cloud computing. The latter term denotes the infrastructure as a “Cloud” in which businesses and users are able to access applications from anywhere in the world on demand. Hence, Cloud computing can be classed as a new paradigm for the dynamic creation of next-generation Data Centers by assembling services of networked Virtual Machines (VMs). Thus, the computing world is rapidly transforming towards developing software for millions to consume as a service rather than creating software for millions to run on their PCs.
“Ready-to-use” hollow nanofiber membrane-based glucose testing strips (2014)

A novel "ready-to-use" glucose test strip based on a polyurethane hollow nanofiber membrane was fabricated through facile co-axial electrospinning. By utilizing glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase in the core-phase solution, and a chromogenic agent either in the core solution (in which case 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) was used) or in the shell-phase solution (in which case o-dianisidine was used) for co-axial electrospinning, in situ co-encapsulation of the two enzymes within the hollow nano-chamber and incorporation of chromogenic agents either inside the nano-chamber or in the shell of the hollow nanofibers was realized. Such unique "all-in-one" feature enabled the prepared hollow nanofiber membrane-based test strips to be applied either as colorimetric sensors in solution or as an optical biosensor operated in the "dip-and-read" mode. When used as a colorimetric biosensor in solution, the test strip with o-dianisidine as chromogenic agent shows an excellent linear response range between 0.01 mM to 20 mM and a high apparent lumped activity recovery of 62.1% as compared to the reaction rate of the free bi-enzyme system. While the activity recovery of the test strip with ABTS as chromogenic agent is only 18.0%, and the test strip is found to be unstable due to spontaneous-oxidation of the ABTS. The o-dianisidine test strip was also applied as an optical biosensor, visible rufous color was quickly developed on the surface of the membrane upon dropping 10 μL of glucose sample, and an excellent correlation between differential diffusive reflectance of the test strip at 440 nm and glucose concentration was obtained in the range of 0.5-50 mM. The test strips also exhibited excellent long-term storage stability with a half-life at 25 °C as long as four months.
The Cellular Radio Handbook: A Reference for Cellular System Operation (1992)

Preface to the Fourth Edition. About the Author. What is Cellular Radio? World System Standards--A History. Basic Radio. Planning--An Essential Network Function. Cell Site Selection and System Design. Radio Survey. Cellular Radio Interference. Cell Plans. Units and Concepts of Field Strength. Filters and Combiners. Cellular Repeaters. Antennas. Cellular Links. Base-Station Maintenance. Base-Station Control and Signaling. Power and Distribution. Protection and Grounding. Trunking. Switching. Traffic Engineering Concepts. Mobiles. Tower and Masts. Installations. Equipment Shelters. Budgets. Billing Systems. Marketing. Fraud. Data Over Cellular. Privacy. Rural and Offshore Applications of Cellular Radio. Interconnection. Preparing Invitations to Tender. Modulation/Demodulation Methods. Noise and Noise Performance. Digital Cellular. GSM Pan-European Cellular. DAMPS. NAMPS. E-TDMA. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Japanese Digital. Satellite Mobile Systems. Cordless Telephone Technologies. iDEN. Wireless Local Loop. The Technology. Coding, Formats, and Error Correction. Digital Modulation. Other Mobile Products. Safety Issues. Buying Used Hardware. Appendix A: RF Propagation Routine Appendix B: ISO Model. Appendix C: Amplifier Classes. Appendix D: 911 Location Requirements. Appendix E: Distortion and Noise. Appendix F: Recommended Further Reading and Sources of Information. Appendix G: Internet Protocols. Appendix H: Erlang B and C Tables. Appendix I: Conversion of Units Used for Cellular RF. Appendix J: Country Codes. Glossary. Index.
Online Mendelian Inheritance In Man (OMIM) (2000)

Online Mendelian Inheritance In Man (OMIM) is a public database of bibliographic information about human genes and genetic disorders. Begun by Dr. Victor McKusick as the authoritative reference Mendelian Inheritance in Man, it is now distributed electronically by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Material in OMIM is derived from the biomedical literature and is written by Dr. McKusick and his colleagues at Johns Hopkins University and elsewhere. Each OMIM entry has a full text summary of a genetic phenotype and/or gene and has copious links to other genetic resources such as DNA and protein sequence, PubMed references, mutation databases, approved gene nomenclature, and more. In addition, NCBI's neighboring feature allows users to identify related articles from PubMed selected on the basis of key words in the OMIM entry. Through its many features, OMIM is increasingly becoming a major gateway for clinicians, students, and basic researchers to the ever-growing literature and resources of human genetics.
Experimental Intraocular Venography (1960)

The development of cerebral angiography<sup>1</sup>provided a new approach to the study of vessel systems throughout the body, but this valuable technique has not been successfully applied to the intact living eye. The present study uses the angiographic method to visualize the intraocular venous circulation of the cat. Nonradiographic injection techniques, previously employed in studies of the intrascleral vessels related to the anterior chamber angle<sup>2-5</sup>and the uveal circulation,<sup>6</sup>can not be used in the intact living eye. The clinical ocular application of angiography is at present limited to the demonstration of the vessels of the orbit<sup>7</sup>and, in some carotid angiograms, a fine crescent in the posterior part of the orbit which represents choroidal venous filling.<sup>7,8</sup>It has been reported that radiographs of rabbit eyes taken before and during carotid injection of thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) show "a difference" but no definite vessels.<sup>9</sup>Also,