gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidrug Resistance Protein (MRP) 1 and MRP3 Attenuate Cytotoxic and Transactivating Effects of the Cyclopentenone Prostaglandin, 15-Deoxy-Δ<sup>12,14</sup>Prostaglandin J<sub>2</sub> in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells (2003)

One of the most potent cyclopentenone prostaglandins, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)prostaglandin J(2) (15-d-PGJ(2)), has been shown to be cytotoxic in some tumor cells and, as a ligand of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), to influence the transcriptional regulation of several genes. We examined whether a glutathione conjugate of 15-d-PGJ(2), 15-d-PGJ(2)-SG, is formed and if the glutathione conjugate efflux pumps, MRP1 and MRP3, could transport this conjugate, thereby attenuating the cytotoxicity and transactivating activity of 15-d-PGJ(2) in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Formation of 15-d-PGJ(2)-SG was demonstrated both in vitro and in cells, and its structure was determined by ESI/MS and NMR. Expression of MRP1 and MRP3 was achieved by stable transduction of parental MCF7 cells. Membrane vesicles derived from these cells supported efficient, ATP-dependent transport of 15-d-PGJ(2)-SG (K(M) 1.4 and 2.9 microM for MRP1 and MRP3, respectively). When compared with parental, MRP-minus MCF7 cells, expression of MRP1 and MRP3 conferred approximately 2-fold protection from 15-d-PGJ(2) cytotoxicity. 15-d-PGJ(2)-mediated transcriptional activation was evaluated in cells transiently transfected with a reporter gene under the transcriptional control of a PPAR responsive element. Treatment of parental MCF7 cells with 15-d-PGJ(2) resulted in a time-dependent induction of reporter gene activity-induction that was measurable with concentrations of added 15-d-PGJ(2) as low as 100 nM. In contrast, expression of MRP1 or MRP3 abolished 15-d-PGJ(2)-dependent reporter gene induction. Depletion of intracellular glutathione reversed MRP1- and MRP3-mediated attenuation of 15-d-PGJ(2) cytotoxicity and transactivation. These data indicate that MRP1 and MRP3 can modulate the biological effects of 15-d-PGJ(2), and likely other cyclopentenone prostaglandins, in a glutathione-dependent manner. The results are consistent with a mechanism for the attenuation of the biological activities of 15-d-PGJ(2) that involves the formation and active efflux of its glutathione conjugate, 15-d-PGJ(2)-SG.
The prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis A virus in Owambo children. (1994)

The prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection, in a population as well as the age at which it is usually acquired reflect the prevailing socio-economic conditions and standards of public hygiene. Infection occurs equally in both the sexes. Black Africans are known to have a high prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection and do acquire the infection early in life. This study documents the age-specific prevalence in Owambo children and confirms an equal sex distribution.
Synthesis of arbitrary SU(3) transformations of atomic qutrits (2012)

Several scenarios are proposed and analyzed for engineering of arbitrary preselected SU(3) transformations of laser-driven atomic qutrits. Two of the most natural implementations of qutrits are considered, in which the three qutrit states are coupled to each other via two-photon transitions through either (i) a common state in a tripod linkage pattern or (ii) two upper states in an M-shaped linkage chain. The SU(3) transformation for the tripod qutrit can be realized by 3 Givens SU(2) rotations, which require 9 consecutive interaction steps. Alternatively, because under certain conditions the propagator of the tripod system reduces to the Householder reflection operator, any SU(3) transformation can be constructed physically by 3 Householder reflections, each of which is implemented in a single interaction step. As an example, the discrete Fourier transform can be synthesized by 7 consecutive interaction steps with Givens rotations or, alternatively, by only a single Householder reflection and a phase gate. For the M-qutrit, the propagator is given by coupled Householder reflections and it cannot be reduced to Givens rotations or independent Householder reflections. By using these coupled Householder reflections it is shown that an arbitrary SU(3) transformation of the M qutrit can be realized with just two fields in at most 3 interaction steps; the discrete Fourier transform, in particular, requires only 2 interaction steps.
microRNA Target Predictions across Seven Drosophila Species and Comparison to Mammalian Targets (2005)

microRNAs are small noncoding genes that regulate the protein production of genes by binding to partially complementary sites in the mRNAs of targeted genes. Here, using our algorithm PicTar, we exploit cross-species comparisons to predict, on average, 54 targeted genes per microRNA above noise in Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis of the functional annotation of target genes furthermore suggests specific biological functions for many microRNAs. We also predict combinatorial targets for clustered microRNAs and find that some clustered microRNAs are likely to coordinately regulate target genes. Furthermore, we compare microRNA regulation between insects and vertebrates. We find that the widespread extent of gene regulation by microRNAs is comparable between flies and mammals but that certain microRNAs may function in clade-specific modes of gene regulation. One of these microRNAs (miR-210) is predicted to contribute to the regulation of fly oogenesis. We also list specific regulatory relationships that appear to be conserved between flies and mammals. Our findings provide the most extensive microRNA target predictions in Drosophila to date, suggest specific functional roles for most microRNAs, indicate the existence of coordinate gene regulation executed by clustered microRNAs, and shed light on the evolution of microRNA function across large evolutionary distances. All predictions are freely accessible at our searchable Web site http://pictar.bio.nyu.edu.
Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> Confined Structures and Integration of 64 Mb Phase-Change Random Access Memory (2005)

Phase-change random access memory is considered a potential challenger for conventional memories, such as dynamic random access memory and flash memory due to its numerous advantages. Nevertheless, high reset current is the ultimate problem in developing high-density phase-change random access memory (PRAM). We focus on the adoption of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 confined structures to achieve lower reset currents. By changing from a normal to a GST confined structure, the reset current drops to as low as 0.8 mA. Eventually, our integrated 64 Mb PRAM based on 0.18 µm CMOS technology offers a large sensing margin: R reset ∼200 kΩ and R set ∼2 kΩ, as well as reasonable reliability: an endurance of 1.0×10 9 cycles and a retention time of 2 years at 85°C.
The impact of the Kenya Cash Transfer Program for Orphans and Vulnerable Children on household spending (2012)

The Kenya Cash Transfer Program for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (CT-OVC) is the government's flagship social protection programme, reaching over 130, 000 households and 260, 000 orphans and vulnerable children across the country as of late 2011. The objective of this paper is to investigate whether the CT-OVC has changed the preferences of households in terms of their consumption behaviour. We compare standard difference-in-differences programme effects with ex-ante expected effects given baseline expenditure elasticities. As a result of the programme, participating households had significantly higher expenditures than control households on food, health, and clothing and significantly less spending on alcohol and tobacco. Programme impacts were also seen on spending in four of seven food groups. To test whether the programme simply moves households along their total expenditure Engel curve or in fact shifts that curve, we compare ex-ante expected behaviours with the ex-post actual response of households to the programme. We find in fact that in about one-half of the consumption categories ex-ante predicted and ex-post actual effects are significantly different, implying that preferences may have changed among programme recipients. We then directly test whether the programme has induced significant changes in expenditure elasticities (as implied by their associated marginal propensities to consume) and find evidence of this for alcohol and tobacco, and to a lesser extent for food, health and transportation and communication.
EtherNet/IP: Industrial Protocol White Paper (2001)

DeviceNet™ and ControlNet™ are two well-known industrial networks based on the CIP protocol (CIP = Control an Information Both networks have been developed by Rockwell Automation, but are now owned and maintained by the two manufacturer's organizations ODVA (Open DeviceNet Vendors Association) and ControlNet International. ODVA and ControlNet International have recently introduced the newest member of this family - EtherNet/IP (IP stands for Industrial Protocol). This paper describes the techniques and mechanisms that are used to implement a fully consistent set of services and data objects on a TCP/UDP/IP based Ethernet® network. I. Introduction Automation architectures must provide users with three primary services. The first, control, is the most important. Control services involve the exchange of time-critical data between controlling devices such as PLCs and I/O devices such as variable speed drives, sensors and actuators. Networks that are tasked with the transmission of this data must provide some level of priority setting and/or interrupt capabilities. Second, networks must provide users configuration capabilities to set up and maintain their automation systems. This functionality typically involves the use of a personal computer (PC) or equivalent tool for programming of various devices in the system. This can be performed at commission, and also during runtime, such as recipe management in batch operations. Lastly, an automation architecture must allow for collection of data for the purposes of display in MMI stations, analysis and trending, and/or troubleshooting and maintenance. Networks that can provide all three services - control, configuration, and collection of data - deliver the greatest amount of flexibility and efficiency for better overall system performance. Networks that are based on the producer/consumer model - where data is identified, rather than tied to explicit source and destination addresses - can support control, configuration, and collection of data services. Application layers using distributed objects and producer/consumer communication services meet the requirements of automation architectures. In providing these services (Figure 1 shows a typical automation architecture), it cannot be assumed that a single network level will meet all application requirements as each network's physical and data link layers have their own attributes and benefits. Where a multi-level network structure is required, then the network architecture must provide consistency of data between disparate network segments.
Interleukin-1β Induces an Early Decrease in Insulin Release, (Pro)Insulin Biosynthesis and Insulin Mrna in Mouse Pancreatic Islets by a Mechanism Dependent on Gene Transcription and Protein Synthesis (1991)

In an attempt to further characterize the mechanisms of action of recombinant interleukin-1β(rIL-1β) on mouse pancreatic islets, islets were exposed for different periods of time (6,12 and 24 h) to 50 U/ml rIL-1β. After 6 h there was already a significant decrease in glucose(16.7 mM)-induced insulin release. This was followed at 12 h by a decrease in insulin mRNA contents and (pro)insulin biosynthesis and, after 24 h, by a decrease in islet insulin contents. There was no decrease in total protein biosynthesis or DNA contents in any of the studied time points and the glucose oxidation rates were not affected by rIL-1β after 12 h of exposure. A similar inhibition of insulin release, (pro)insulin biosynthesis and insulin mRNA content was observed 12 h after a short (2 h) exposure of the islets to rIL-β, suggesting that a brief exposure of mouse islets to the cytokine can modify their function for several hours.When islets were exposed for 12 h to 50 U/ml rIL-1β in the presence of either an inhibitor of gene transcription (actinomycin D) or an inhibitor of mRNA translation (cycloheximide) there was a complete protection against the suppressive effects of rIL-1βon insulin release, (pro)insulin biosynthesis and insulin mRNA contents. However, when islets were exposed for 2 h to rIL-1βin the presence of aclinomycin D, and studied 12 h later, actinomycin counteracted the inhibitory effects of rIL-1βon insulin release, but not on (pro)insulin biosynthesis.The data indicate that rIL-1β induces an early inhibition of glucose-induced insulin release, which precedes the decrease in insulin mRNA content and (pro)insulin biosynthesis, suggesting that a decrease in insulin synthesis can not explain the observed decrease in insulin release. Both effects of rIL-1β are related to gene transcription and protein biosynthesis, and are independent of an impairment in glucose metabolism. It is conceivable that the protein(s) induced by rIL-1β are related to insulin mRNA degradation.
Catalytic Polyelectrolyte Multilayers at the Bipolar Membrane Interface (2013)

Bipolar membranes are laminated anion and cation exchange membranes that split water at their interface very efficiently upon application of an electric field. This paper investigates the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolyte multilayers, as a tool to introduce molecularly thin catalyst groups at this interface of bipolar membranes. The bipolar membranes were prepared by first modifying an anion exchange membrane by consecutive dipping LbL assembly, then casting a thin highly charged intermediate layer followed by casting a cation exchange layer. The results reveal that polyelectrolytes of higher charge density coated on the anion exchange layer yield better performance. Several parameters of the LbL interface deposition were varied. Out of the investigated LbL assembly parameters, ionic strength and number of layers have shown the largest influence on catalytic activity as well as ionic selectivity. The membrane with two bilayers of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), where the PEI was prepared in 0.5 M NaCl, gave rise to the best performance. Surprisingly, detailed data analysis at low electrical potential suggests that the interface layers of a bipolar membrane play a major role in its permselectivity. Previously, only the bulk thickness of the anion and cation exchange membrane was assumed to influence the bipolar membrane selectivity.
Growth hormone conformation and conformational equilibriums (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGrowth hormone conformation and conformational equilibriumsLeslie A. Holladay, R. Glenn Hammonds, Jr., and David PuettCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 8, 1653–1661Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00705a015https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00705a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance of TCP/IP over IS-2000 based CDMA radio links (2002)

We investigate the system performance and compatibility of the Internet protocol TCP/IP integrated with wireless network protocols over IS-2000 based CDMA (i.e., cdma2000) lossy radio links. Our investigation focuses on the effects of different lower-level wireless network protocols to the overall system performance. Specifically, we evaluate system performance with two operation modes (transparent, and non-transparent) at the IS-707 radio link protocol (RLP) layer. For the high-bandwidth cdma2000 system, we present the significant performance difference with and without subdivision of the physical layer frame to smaller logical transmission units (LTUs) at the MAC layer.
Changes in Pathogens Causing Early-Onset Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants (2002)

Early-onset sepsis remains an uncommon but potentially lethal problem among very-low-birth-weight infants. The change in pathogens over time from predominantly gram-positive to predominantly gram-negative requires confirmation by ongoing surveillance.
Effect <i>in vitro</i> on platelet function of two compounds developed from the pyrimido-pyrimidines (1972)

VK 774 and VK 744, two new compounds developed from the pyrimido-pyrimidines, have been found to be powerful inhibitors of platelet function tested in vitro. They inhibit adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation, and the release of platelet factor 3 by kaolin, and VK 774 also reduces platelet adhesiveness and inhibits platelet aggregation (;snowstorm' effect) in the Chandler tube system. Although measured percentage whole blood clot retraction was uninfluenced by these drugs the clot produced with VK 774 was friable and soft. VK 774 appears to be the most powerful of these compounds reported so far, being active in some test systems at 10(-6)M, and, if the results of toxicity testing are satisfactory, it should be an important agent for therapeutic trial.
Steady-State Kinetics and Mechanism of LpxD, the <i>N</i>-Acyltransferase of Lipid A Biosynthesis (2008)

LpxD catalyzes the third step of lipid A biosynthesis, the (R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein ( R-3-OHC14-ACP)-dependent N-acylation of UDP-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine [UDP-3-O-(R-3-OHC14)-GlcN]. We have now overexpressed and purified Escherichia coli LpxD to homogeneity. Steady-state kinetics suggest a compulsory ordered mechanism in which R-3-OHC14-ACP binds prior to UDP-3-O-(R-3-OHC14)-GlcN. The product, UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine, dissociates prior to ACP; the latter is a competitive inhibitor against R-3-OHC14-ACP and a noncompetitive inhibitor against UDP-3-O-(R-3-OHC14)-GlcN. UDP-2-N-[(R)-3-Hydroxymyristoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine, obtained by mild base hydrolysis of UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine, is a noncompetitive inhibitor against both substrates. Synthetic (R)-3-hydroxylauroyl-methylphosphopantetheine is an uncompetitive inhibitor against R-3-OHC14-ACP and a competitive inhibitor against UDP-3-O-(R-3-OHC14)-GlcN, but (R)-3-hydroxylauroyl-methylphosphopantetheine is also a very poor substrate. A compulsory ordered mechanism is consistent with the fact that R-3-OHC14-ACP has a high binding affinity for free LpxD whereas UDP-3-O-(R-3-OHC14)-GlcN does not. Divalent cations inhibit R-3-OHC14-ACP-dependent acylation but not (R)-3-hydroxylauroyl-methylphosphopantetheine-dependent acylation, indicating that the acidic recognition helix of R-3-OHC14-ACP contributes to binding. The F41A mutation increases the K(M) for UDP-3-O-(R-3-OHC14)-GlcN 30-fold, consistent with aromatic stacking of the corresponding F43 side chain against the uracil moiety of bound UDP-GlcNAc in the X-ray structure of Chlamydia trachomatis LpxD. Mutagenesis implicates E. coli H239 but excludes H276 as the catalytic base, and neither residue is likely to stabilize the oxyanion intermediate.
Elevated levels of soluble CD14 in serum of patients with acute <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria (1996)

Serum sCD14, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, and endotoxin were analysed in 45 patients with complicated malaria, in 14 patients with Gram-negative septicaemia and in 24 healthy subjects by ELISA. Malaria patients with renal failure (n = 16) had higher levels than patients without renal failure (n = 29) (8116 + 1440 micrograms/l versus 9453 + 1017 micrograms/l; P < 0.05) and both had higher levels than patients with septicaemia (6155 + 1635 micrograms/l) and normal subjects (2776 + 747 micrograms/l). A significant correlation between sCD14 and IL-6 (r = 0.756) and TNF (r = 0.822) existed. However, no relation between sCD14 and serum endotoxin or indices of clinical disease severity (parasitaemia, fever, parasite or fever clearance time) was seen. Although the role of sCD14 in malaria remains to be determined, elevated levels may participate in the inflammatory response in complicated malaria.
Purification of epithelial-type transforming growth factor by micro-preparative electrophoresis chromatography. (1993)

The purification and recovery of biologically active epithelial-type transforming growth factor (TGFe) is described. In the final phase of purification, micropreparative electrophoretic chromatography was employed using a Tris-glycine-sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer system in an automated instrument. Briefly, partially purified protein preparations were separated in 2.5 x 50 mm, 10% polyacrylamide gel in electrophoresis tubes installed in the apparatus, electrophoresed under constant current of 1.5 mA for 400 min and recovered by automated fractionation and collection of the eluant from the tube gel. Aliquots of the eluted fractions were assayed in a biological system using SW-13 cell growth stimulation as an indicator of the presence of biologically active TGFe. Using the above procedure, TGFe was purified to within 95% homogeneity as assessed by silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Reduction of False Alarm Rate in Distributed Multistatic Sonar Systems through Detection Cueing (2007)

The effective fusion and tracking of multistatic active sonar contacts is challenging, due to high levels of false alarm clutter present on all sonar nodes. Utilizing the occurrence of high strength detections generated by the specular geometric condition, a cueing approach can be used to selectively extract further data which is stored locally on the individual sonar nodes. This approach can significantly reduce the false alarm rate at the input to the fusion/tracking algorithm, and reduce node-to-fusion-center communication link throughput requirements. This paper describes this concept and derives a method for determining the data lookup "snippets", given a detection cue. An evaluation of this cueing concept is made for a simulated multistatic sonar scenario. The results show the potential to significantly reduce the tracker input false alarm rate, in some cases by as much as three orders of magnitude.