gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimeric antibodies with increased valency surpassing functional affinity and potency thresholds using novel formats (2020)

The success of therapeutic antibodies is largely attributed for their exquisite specificity, homogeneity, and functionality. There is, however, a need to engineer antibodies to extend and enhance their potency. One parameter is functional affinity augmentation, since antibodies matured in vivo have a natural affinity threshold. Generation of multivalent antibodies is one option capable of surpassing this affinity threshold through increased avidity. In this study, we present a novel platform consisting of an array of multivalent antibody formats, termed Quads, generated using the self-assembling tetramerization domain from p53. We demonstrate the versatility of this tetramerization domain by engineering anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) Quads that exhibit major increases in binding potency and in neutralizing TNF-mediated cytotoxicity compared to parental anti-TNF molecules. Further, Quads are amenable to fusion with different binding domains, allowing generation of novel multivalent monospecific and bispecific formats. Quads are thus a novel group of molecules that can be engineered to yield potential therapeutics with novel modalities and potencies.
A GaAs integrated circuit for wideband digital quadrature demodulation (2002)

An integrated circuit has been designed to perform signal processing functions including digital quadrature demodulation on a sampled intermediate frequency signal in electronic warfare receivers. A -3 dB bandwidth exceeding 80 MHz is achieved using a fully pipelined, parallel architecture implemented on a GaAs gate array.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Osteoblast maturation and new bone formation in response to titanium implant surface features are reduced with age (2012)

Abstract The surface properties of materials contribute to host cellular response and play a significant role in determining the overall success or failure of an implanted biomaterial. Rough titanium (Ti) surface microtopography and high surface free energy have been shown to enhance osteoblast maturation in vitro and increase bone formation in vivo. Whereas the surface properties of Ti are known to affect osteoblast response, host bone quality also plays a significant role in determining successful osseointegration. One factor affecting host bone quality is patient age. We examined both in vitro and in vivo whether response to Ti surface features was affected by animal age. Calvarial osteoblasts isolated from 1-, 3-, and 11-month-old rats all displayed a reduction in cell number and increases in alkaline phosphatase–specific activity and osteocalcin in response to increasing Ti surface microtopography and surface energy. Further, osteoblasts from the three ages examined displayed increased production of osteocalcin and local factors osteoprotegerin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and active transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in response to increasing Ti surface roughness and surface energy. Latent TGF-β1 only increased in cultures of osteoblasts from 1- and 3-month-old rats. Treatment with the systemic osteotropic hormone 1α,25(OH)2D3 further enhanced the response of osteoblasts to Ti surface features for all three age groups. However, osteoblasts derived from 11-month-old animals had a reduced response to 1α,25(OH)2D3 compared to osteoblasts derived from 1-or 3-month-old animals. These results were confirmed in vivo. Ti implants placed in the femoral intramedullary canal of old (9-month-old) mice yielded lower bone-to-implant contact and neovascularization in response to Ti surface roughness and energy compared to younger (2-month-old) mice. These results show that rodent osteoblast maturation in vitro as well as new bone formation in vivo is reduced with age. Whether comparable age differences exist in humans needs to be determined. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
EXTRACTION YIELD OF SOLUBLE PROTEIN AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF SOYBEAN AFFECTED BY MICROWAVE HEATING (2006)

A laboratory-scale microwave (MW)-assisted extraction system was constructed and compared with a conventional shaking water bath regarding the extraction of soluble proteins in soybeans. Dynamic reaction was monitored by response surface methodology in the MW-assisted extraction system. The yield of soluble protein increased until either temperature (T) or water/solid (W/S) ratio reached an optimum point (60.1C, 12.6 mL/g), and then decreased with further increase of T or W/S ratio. In addition, the yield of soluble protein increased with time within a range of 30 min, and no critical point was observed. The molecular mass of soluble protein was distributed from 19.3 to 81.3 kDa estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Scanning electron microscopy showed the destruction of the microstructure of soybean cells, which increased the extraction of soluble soy protein.
Review: <i>Behavior Genetics</i>, by John L. Fuller and W. Robert Thompson (1961)

Book Review| February 01 1961 Review Behavior GeneticsJohn L. FullerW. Robert Thompson P. K. P. K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1961) 23 (2): 112–113. https://doi.org/10.2307/4439515 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. K.; Review. The American Biology Teacher 1 February 1961; 23 (2): 112–113. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4439515 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Mechanically assisted walking with body weight support results in more independent walking than assisted overground walking in non-ambulatory patients early after stroke: a systematic review (2010)

Mechanically assisted walking with body weight support is more effective than overground walking at increasing independent walking in non-ambulatory patients early after stroke. Furthermore, it is not detrimental to walking speed or capacity and clinicians should therefore be confident about implementing this intervention.
Planar FET oscillators using periodic microstrip patch antennas (1989)

An integrated oscillator/antenna is presented that uses a single microstrip leaky-wave structure as both the resonant and the radiating element. This resonant antenna is connected to a GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor which acts as the negative resistance element in the oscillator circuit. This type of oscillator is similar in its operating principle to one reported using Gunn diodes and a periodically notched dielectric image guide. This circuit exhibits the high DC-RF conversion efficiency that is typical of field-effect transistor oscillators. The planar circuit is simple and inexpensive to construct, occupies a small volume, and can conform to different surface profiles. Such circuits are suitable for use in millimeter-wave systems as well as at microwave frequencies. A design procedure is given, and the performance of X-band prototype circuits is reported. Prototype circuits showed a 9 dB isotropic conversion gain and 40 MHz tuning range at 9.5 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Capital and Community Reconsidered: The Politics and Meaning of Deindustrialization (2005)

Cedric Chatterley and Alicia J. Rouverol, 7 Was Content and Not Content': The Story of Linda Lord and the Closing of Penobscot Poultry (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press 2000) Jefferson Cowie, Capital Moves: RCA 's 70-Year Quest for Cheap Labor (Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1999) Jefferson Cowie and Joseph Heathcott, eds., Beyond the Ruins: The Meaning of Deindustrialization (Ithaca: Cornell University Press 2003) Sherry Lee Linkon and John Russo, Steeltown U.S.A.: Work & Memory in Youngs town (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas 2002)
[The outlook for improved medical control over the health status of the flight personnel in a military unit]. (1992)

The article studies methodological and methodical questions for improving medical control (MC) over the flight personnel. The authors analyse the main components of MC, i.e. basic control which is built on clinicophysiological methods, and dynamic control which is aimed for estimation of performance characteristics in the process of professional activities. The authors substantiate the structure of the perspective computerized automated system for MC consisting of three functional units: terrain complex of medical operational control, on-board equipment for aircrew health monitoring in flight, expert and diagnosis system for estimation and prognostication of professional health status.
A simple method for determining light transmittance of polymer films used for packaging foods (2001)

Abstract Sensitive components of food may undergo degradation reactions when subjected to light. The packaging of the food may slow down such reactions by absorbing and reflecting a fraction of the incident light. Riboflavin is a light‐sensitive vitamin and undergoes first‐order degradation when subjected to visible light. Rate constants of this reaction were evaluated under 20 W coolwhite light at pH = 9.0 at 25 °C, with no light shielding or by shielding the light with methylcellulose films. Based on this photodegradation reaction, a new model was proposed to define percentage light transmittance of methylcellulose films. Depending on composition, the percentage transmittance was in the range 66–96%. Variation of light transmittance was explained in terms of solubility and crystallinity. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Methods for realistic drop-testing (2000)

The proteolytic processing of procollagen V is complex and depends on the activity of several enzymes among which the BMP-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-1)/tolloid metalloproteinase and the furin-like proprotein convertases. Few of these processing interactions could have been predicted by analysing the presence of conserved consensus sequences in the proalpha1(V) chain. In the present study we opted for a cell approach that allows a straightforward identification of processing interactions. A construct encompassing the complete N-terminal end of the proalpha1(V) chain, referred to as Nalpha1, was recombinantly expressed to be used for enzymatic assays and for antibody production. Structural analysis showed that Nalpha1 is a monomer composed of a compact globule and an extended tail, which correspond respectively to the non-collagenous Nalpha1 subdomains, TSPN-1 (thrombospondin-1 N-terminal domain-like) and the variable region. Nalpha1 was efficiently cleaved by BMP-1 indicating that the triple helix is not required for enzyme activity. By mutating residues flanking the cleavage site, we showed that the aspartate residue at position P2' is essential for BMP-1 activity. BMP-1 activity at the C-terminal end of the procollagen V was assessed by generating a furin double mutant (R1584A/R1585A). We showed that, in absence of furin activity, BMP-1 is capable of processing the C-propeptide even though less efficiently than furin. Altogether, our results provide new relevant information on this complex and poorly understood mechanism of enzymatic processing in procollagen V function.
Two improved algorithms and hardware implementations for key distribution using extended programmable cellular automata (2002)

Presents two efficient algorithms and a simple hardware structure for the implementation of Diffie-Hellman (1976) key exchange (DHKE) in GF(2/sup n/). The two algorithms investigated are an improved table look-up algorithm and a binary algorithm. The hardware structure is an extended programmable cellular automaton (PCA), which is much more flexible and can be used for key distribution and conventional cryptography. Based on our improved methods and the PCA structure, we implement two hardware systems for Diffie-Hellman key distribution. With very high-speed and simple logic circuit features, these hardware systems are ideally suited for VLSI implementation.
Lower attentive region detection for virtual content insertion in broadcast video (2008)

Virtual Content Insertion (VCI) is an emerging application of video analysis. For VCI the spatial position is very important as improper placement will make the insertion intrusive. To choose the spatial position, we propose the notation of Lower Attentive Region (LAR) and provide a generic framework of LAR detection for broadcast video. An LAR is defined, from the cognition point of view, as a region of the video frame which attracts less audiencepsilas attention. It can be changed with little interruption to the main content of the original video. The proposed LAR detection framework includes both bottom-up and top-down modules and can be adapted to all types of videos. Finally we apply the proposed LAR detection approach to broadcast sports video by integrating domain knowledge. The Experiments on LAR detection and VCI in broadcast video demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Importance of Endocytic Pathways in Liver Function and Disease (2014)

Hepatocellular endocytosis is a highly dynamic process responsible for the internalization of a variety of different receptor ligand complexes, trophic factors, lipids, and, unfortunately, many different pathogens. The uptake of these external agents has profound effects on seminal cellular processes including signaling cascades, migration, growth, and proliferation. The hepatocyte, like other well-polarized epithelial cells, possesses a host of different endocytic mechanisms and entry routes to ensure the selective internalization of cargo molecules. These pathways include receptor-mediated endocytosis, lipid raft associated endocytosis, caveolae, or fluid-phase uptake, although there are likely many others. Understanding and defining the regulatory mechanisms underlying these distinct entry routes, sorting and vesicle formation, as well as the postendocytic trafficking pathways is of high importance especially in the liver, as their mis-regulation can contribute to aberrant liver pathology and liver diseases. Further, these processes can be "hijacked" by a variety of different infectious agents and viruses. This review provides an overview of common components of the endocytic and postendocytic trafficking pathways utilized by hepatocytes. It will also discuss in more detail how these general themes apply to liver-specific processes including iron homeostasis, HBV infection, and even hepatic steatosis.
Vaccines against persistent DNA virus infections (2002)

Persistent viruses present some particular problems for vaccine design. As for acute non-persistent viruses, the prime goal of a vaccine should be to prevent primary infection. Vaccines might also be used to modify the course of established persistent virus infections - so-called postinfective immunisation. This chapter deals with selected persistent DNA viruses, in particular the human herpes viruses.
Pigment extraction techniques from the leaves of Indigofera tinctoria Linn. and Baphicacanthus cusia Brem. and chemical structure analysis of their major components (2002)

Indigofera tinctoria Linn. and Baphicacanthus cusia Brem. are the plants which have been used as natural source of indigo dye and are available in Northern part of Thailand. In this study we carried out methods to find the optimum condition for effective extraction of indigo from the leaves of Indigofera tinctoria Linn. and Baphicacanthus cusia Brem. and investigated chemical constituents including the chemical structure of major components in the water extract from both kinds of plant to develop the extraction method for preparation of ready-to-use natural dyes. It was found that by cutting raw material to small pieces and put into cotton bag before soaking in water for 24 hrs could decrease unpleasant smell and it was easy to get rid of waste. The indigo from fresh Baphicacanthus cusia Brem. fermented for 24 hrs gave the highest amount of indigo (0.005 g/g fresh leaves). Separation of the crude extract by Thin Layer Chromatrography (TLC) using chloroform-hexane-methanol (7:4:1 v/v/v) as solvent system gave two major pigments of blue and red colour which had Rf values of 0.69 and 0.49, respectively. The Rf value, the maximum absorption from UV-Visible spectroscopy and infrared spectrum of blue colour pigment were the same as those of the indigo standard. Moreover, the red pigment extracted from Baphicacanthus cusia Brem. was purified and analysed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, mass spectrum 13C NMR and 1H NMR and showed that it had chemical formula of C16H10N2O2 and chemical structure as indirubin and it was used as indirubin standard. The red pigment from Indigofera tinctoria Linn. was also purified and gave the same Rf value, UV-Visible absorption and IR spectrum as the indirubin standard. Both blue and red pigment could dissolve in chloroform whereas only red pigment could dissolve in methanol. Separation method of the blue and red pigment from the crude extract would be developed to get the powder of the red and blue pigments which could be used to prepare the ready-to-use natural dyes.
Static Cost Estimation for Data Layout Selection on GPUs (2016)

Performance modeling provides mathematical models and quantitative analysis for designing and optimizing computer systems. In high performance architectures, high-latency memory accesses often dominate execution time in many classes of applications. Thus, performance modeling for memory accesses of high performance architectures has been an important research topic. In high performance computation, data layout can significantly affect the efficiency of memory access operations. In recent years, the problem of data layout selection has been well studied on various parallel CPU and some GPU architectures. GPUs have memory hierarchies different from multi-core CPUs. While data layout selection on GPUs has been inspected by several existing projects, there is still a lack of a mathematical cost model for data layout selection on GPUs. This motivates us to investigate static cost analysis methods that could better guide future data layout selection work, and perhaps even designing new SIMT architectures.In this paper, we propose a comprehensive cost analysis for data layout selection for GPUs. We build our cost function based on the knowledge of the GPU memory hierarchy, and develop an algorithm which allows researchers to perform compile time cost estimation for a given data layout. Furthermore, we introduce a new vector based representation to represent the estimated cost, which can better estimate the cost of applications with dynamic length loops. We apply our cost analysis to selected benchmarks from past publications on data layout selection. Our experimental results show that our cost analysis can accurately predict the relative costs of different data layouts. Using the cost model presented in this paper, we are developing an automatic data layout selection tool in our ongoing work.
The role of paclitaxel in the management of coelomic epithelial carcinoma of the ovary: a review with emphasis on the Gynecologic Oncology Group experience. (1995)

Coelomic epithelial carcinoma of the ovary, the most common cause of death from cancer of the female genital tract in the United States, presents most commonly as advanced (stage III or IV) disease. Management consists of aggressive surgical cytoreduction followed by combination chemotherapy, until recently, a platinum compound plus an alkylating agent. The recent identification of the activity of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) offers the potential to improve further the management of patients with advanced disease. That this agent might enhance current front-line therapy is supported by its unique mechanism of action and by the significant numbers of responses reported in patients clinically resistant to the platinum compounds: more than 20% of these patients responded to paclitaxel as salvage therapy in four different phase II trials. These observations led to a phase I Gynecologic Oncology Group trial that showed that paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 over 24 hours followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 could be given every 3 weeks. This group then compared six cycles of the identified regimen with six cycles of standard cisplatin/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy given every 3 weeks in a phase III trial in 388 previously untreated patients with large-volume (residual nodules > 1 cm after surgery) disease. The results show the superiority of the paclitaxel/cisplatin regimen: overall response rate 77% versus 62%, clinical complete response 54% versus 33%, frequency of achieving a grossly disease-free state at second-look laparotomy 40% versus 22%, progression-free survival 18 versus 13 months, and overall survival 38 versus 24 months. Thus, paclitaxel/cisplatin is the new standard of care for patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. Current phase III studies explore further the role of paclitaxel in front-line therapy: the relative merits of single-agent versus combination chemotherapy, the role of interval surgical cytoreduction combined with paclitaxel/cisplatin, the value of carboplatin-based versus cisplatin-based combinations with paclitaxel, the significance of the paclitaxel infusion length (3 v 24 v 96 hours), and the value of more dose-intense combinations.
Overview and Challenges of Thin Film Solar Electric Technologies (2008)

In this paper, we report on the significant progress made worldwide by thin-film solar cells, namely, amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). Thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technology status is also discussed in detail. In addition, R&D and technology challenges in all three areas are elucidated. The worldwide estimated projection for thin-film PV technology production capacity announcements are estimated at more than 5000 MW by 2010.
Filtered arc deposition of amorphous diamond (1992)

A cathodic arc with beam filter is employed for the deposition of hydrogen-free amorphous carbon films. A linear filter is used to prevent macroparticles and nonionized carbon atoms from reaching the substrate. The deposited films are characterized by their optical and mechanical behavior. Depending on the deposition conditions, optical band gaps in the range 2.1–2.4 eV are measured. Mechanical properties are investigated using the nanoindentation method and are shown to approach those of natural diamond. To our knowledge, the data obtained thus far reveal these films to be more diamondlike than those prepared using any other method for the deposition of nonhydrogenated amorphous diamond.
Self-referred approach to lacunarity (2005)

This paper describes an approach to lacunarity which adopts the pattern under analysis as the reference for the sliding window procedure. The superiority of such a scheme with respect to more traditional methodologies, especially when dealing with finite-size objects, is established and illustrated through applications to diffusion limited aggregation pattern characterization. It is also shown that, given the enhanced accuracy and sensitivity of this scheme, the shape of the window becomes an important parameter, with advantage for circular windows.