gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water-jet-assist for rock cutting (1986)

Water-jet-assisted cutting of formations makes use of a mechanical pick in combination with a high-pressure water jet directed at rock just in front of the pick tip. Laboratory evaluations of this concept have reported significant reductions of the required cutting force. However, it has not been possible to relate those findings to underground mining equipment because the laboratory pick speeds (well under 200 ft/min) and pick penetration depths (0.5 in.) were much less than commercial equipment in actual mining situations. Only in the past few years has research by the US Bureau of Mines (USBM) and others shown that water-jet-assisted mechanical cutting can be useful under typical mining conditions.
<title>Optical implementation of frequency domain analysis for white-light interferometry</title> (1995)

The purpose of recent developments of profilometry by using white light interferometry is to provide new tools for the analysis of rough samples which when studied by monochromatic phase-shifting interferometry, may cause phase calculation ambiguities. The usual way to perform depth measurements by white light interferometry is to analyze the coherence-limited interference fringes while the optical path difference is scanned. The method proposed here does not use optical path difference scanning. A spectroscopic device is used instead to separate the interference intensities associated to each spectral component of the light source. Phase variations due to wavelength change are proportional to the optical path difference and allows depth measurement to be performed without axial scanning. The profile of one line of the inspected sample is obtained from only one 2D interferogram. In this 2D interferogram one direction corresponds to the inspected direction of the surface while the other one is the chromatic axis which allows phase to change with wavelength. Experimental results show the ability of the proposed method to obtain the profile of 1D surface with nanometric resolution.
A supramolecular carpet formed via self-assembly of bis(4,4′-dihydroxyphenyl) sulfone (1997)

C. Davies, R. F. Langler, C. V. Krishnamohan Sharma and M. J. Zaworotko, Chem. Commun., 1997, 567 DOI: 10.1039/A700363C
Ueber Monoacipiperazine (1892)

zu betheiligen vermag, falls
DEVS specification for modeling and simulation of the UML activities (2017)

Recently, the existence of the foundational UML subset (fUML) has made a significant impact on driving the mainstream in behavioral modeling. Recent advances on concepts like UML actions and behavioral metamodeling promise better mechanisms in handling behavior. We argue that a greater potentiality can be achieved through establishing a rigorous mathematical grounding for the subset. We also argue that Parallel DEVS can be used as a suitable candidate. Thus, we propose formalizing the creation of UML activities as a set of atomic and coupled DEVS models. These abstractions have distinct structures and behaviors. That is to say, the foundational elements of UML activities and actions are modeled and mapped into a set of atomic as well as coupled models. Then, they can collectively serve as a basis for grounding different diagrams via coupling. We demonstrate the use of the formalism for the modeling and simulation of activities.
Lysyl Oxidase Contributes to Mechanotransduction-Mediated Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells (2011)

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates all stages of mammary gland development, including the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the suppression of tumorigenesis in mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Interestingly, mammary tumorigenesis converts TGF-β from a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter through molecular mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Changes in integrin signaling and tissue compliance promote the acquisition of malignant phenotypes in MECs in part through the activity of lysyl oxidase (LOX), which regulates desmoplastic reactions and metastasis. TGF-β also regulates the activities of tumor reactive stroma and MEC metastasis. We show here that TGF-β1 stimulated the synthesis and secretion of LOX from normal and malignant MECs in vitro and in mammary tumors produced in mice. The ability of TGF-β1 to activate Smad2/3 was unaffected by LOX inactivation in normal MECs, whereas the stimulation of p38 MAPK by TGF-β1 was blunted by inhibiting LOX activity in malignant MECs or by inducing the degradation of hydrogen peroxide in both cell types. Inactivating LOX activity impaired TGF-β1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in breast cancer cells. We further show that increasing extracellular matrix rigidity by the addition of type I collagen to three-dimensional organotypic cultures promoted the proliferation of malignant MECs, a cellular reaction that was abrogated by inhibiting the activities of TGF-β1 or LOX, and by degrading hydrogen peroxide. Our findings identify LOX as a potential mediator that couples mechanotransduction to oncogenic signaling by TGF-β1 and suggest that measures capable of inactivating LOX function may prove effective in diminishing breast cancer progression stimulated by TGF-β1.
Cytochrome P450BM-3 (CYP102): Regiospecificity of oxidation of .omega.-unsaturated fatty acids and mechanism-based inactivation (1993)

Cytochrome P450BM-3 preferentially oxidized fatty acids with terminal double or triple bonds to the omega-2 hydroxylated fatty acids rather than, respectively, to the epoxide or diacid metabolites. The enzyme is inactivated during catalytic turnover of long, terminally unsaturated fatty acids but not by the analogous medium-length fatty acids. Enzyme inactivation by 17-octadecynoic acid and 16-hydroxy-17-octadecynoic acid is due to alkylation of the prosthetic heme group to given an adduct tentatively identified as N-(2-oxo-3-hydroxy-17-carboxyheptadecyl)protoporphyrin IX by its chromatographic and spectroscopic properties. Catalytic turnover of 17-octadecenoic acid also results in heme modification. Fatty diacid monoethyl thioesters are introduced as a new class of irreversible inhibitors that exploit the omega-2 oxidation specificity of cytochrome P450BM-3. Catalytic oxidation of the monoethyl thioesters of dodecanedioic and hexadecanedioic acids results in enzyme inactivation and formation of the parent diacids as metabolites. Limited tryptic digestion of the enzyme after incubation with the monoethyl thioester of [14C]hexadecanedioic acid shows that the inactivating agent binds covalently to both the heme and flavin domains. This finding, and the observation that glutathione prevents inactivation of the enzyme by the monoethyl thioesters, indicate that a diffusible metabolite, probably the sulfoxide, is responsible for enzyme inactivation. The strong preference for omega-2 allylic or propargylic hydroxylation over terminal pi-bond oxidation is opposite to the usual cytochrome P450 pattern and requires that the enzyme actively suppress terminal pi-bond oxidation. The inference that the enzyme binds and sequesters the terminal carbon in a lipophilic pocket is consistent with the crystal structure of the hemoprotein domain of cytochrome P450BM-3.
Yeast genomics and proteomics in drug discovery and target validation. (2003)

Small, cell permeable, and target-specific chemical ligands are highly valuable, not only as therapeutics but also as research tools. The synthesis, identification and characterization of these compounds is often a difficult task. The straightforward genetics of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the high degree of conservation of basic cellular processes between yeast and higher organisms makes yeast an excellent tool for drug development studies, particularly in regards to anticancer and anti-fungal drug discovery. Recent advances in yeast functional genomics and proteomics studies are changing the field of yeast research. Many of these new technologies are readily applicable to drug target identification and other aspects of drug discovery. This review will focus on current genetic, genomic, and proteomic methodologies in S. cerevisiae that have the potential to be useful in drug discovery and target validation.
Photoluminescent Conversion of Laser Light for Black and White and Multicolor Displays 1: Materials (1971)

A number of photoluminescent materials have been found to have properties that make them extremely useful for improving the quality of laser displays as well as offering simplifications for multicolor systems. The principal function of these materials is that of color conversion when coated onto a laser illuminated viewing screen. A secondary, yet significant, role is that of rendering the converted light incoherent. This eliminates the unpleasant granular or speckly texture associated with direct viewing of diffusely scattered coherent light. It is concluded that virtually any visible color may be achieved by photoluminescent conversion of a monochromatic blue or ultraviolet laser beam.
A Method for the Efficient Management and Utilization of Large Germplasm Collections (1999)

To make efficient use of large germplasm collections, it is advisable to assemble a representative core collection and to evaluate the relationships among the traits studied. However, the assemblage of a core collection from very large germplasm collections is problematic. The computing resources needed to carry out genetic distance calculations and comparisons with commonly available programs is prohibitively large. The objects of this study were (i) to develop a method which assembles a core collection by maximizing the diversity (measured as mean Euclidean distance) from within groups of accessions defined by species, subspecies, and geographic origin and (ii) to test the effectiveness of the method on a collection of 20 997 annual Medicago accessions from the Australian Medicago Resource Center in Adelaide, South Australia, that had been evaluated for 27 agronomic characteristics. The method resulted in a core collection of 1705 accessions that represented 74% of the extremes of the 27 characters, indicating that the entire range of the characters was represented in most cases. Accessions representing the extremes easily could be added to the core collection. The method used requires relatively minor computing resources and should be useful to curators of large germplasm collections. To assess the relationships among the 27 measured traits, correlation coefficients of all possible combinations of traits were calculated. The most strongly associated traits were, as expected, such traits as grams of seed per plant and grams of pods per plant and indicated that some traits could be omitted from future evaluations with little loss of information, thereby increasing the efficiency with which germplasm evaluations can be carried out.
Review—Deep Learning Methods for Sensor Based Predictive Maintenance and Future Perspectives for Electrochemical Sensors (2020)

The downtime of industrial machines, engines, or heavy equipment can lead to a direct loss of revenue. Accurate prediction of such failures using sensor data can prevent or reduce the downtime. With the availability of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, it is possible to acquire the sensor data in real-time. Machine Learning and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms can then be used to predict the part and equipment failures, given enough historical data. DL algorithms have shown significant advances in problems where progress has eluded the practitioners and researchers for several decades. This paper reviews the DL algorithms used for predictive maintenance and presents a case study of engine failure prediction. We also discuss the current use of sensors in the industry and future opportunities for electrochemical sensors in predictive maintenance.
Decoupling cores, kernels, and operating systems (2014)

We present Barrelfish/DC, an extension to the Barrelfish OS which decouples physical cores from a native OS kernel, and furthermore the kernel itself from the rest of the OS and application state. In Barrelfish/DC, native kernel code on any core can be quickly replaced, kernel state moved between cores, and cores added and removed from the system transparently to applications and OS processes, which continue to execute.Barrelfish/DC is a multikernel with two novel ideas: the use of boot drivers to abstract cores as regular devices, and a partitioned capability system for memory management which externalizes core-local kernel state.We show by performance measurements of real applications and device drivers that the approach is practical enough to be used for a number of purposes, such as online kernel upgrades, and temporarily delivering hard real-time performance by executing a process under a specialized, single-application kernel.
GDR Films (1976)

The Midwest Marxist Literary Group is currently soliciting papers for this year's Marxist Forum at the Midwest Modern Language Association meeting, Nov. k-b in St. Louis.The topic which has been tentatively approved is "Literature and Revolution in the Bicentennial Year".This subject provides a wide range of possibilities for prospective contributors.One possibility is the analysis of revolution (not restricted to the American Revolution) as reflected in literature.Studies of a cross-cultural nature (e.g. the effect of the French, Cuban, or Vietnamese Revolution on European, American, or Third World writers) are included under this heading.Another alternative concerns a focus on the development of revolutionary movements which have not or did not culminate in wide-scale confrontation.Studies of the Jakobiner movement in Germany in the late 1bth century or aspects of minority movements in the USA today are examples in this area.Finally, one may choose to deal with the pedagogical problem of teaching literature dealing with revolution or teaching revolutionary thought.
A Trust-based Real-time Map Updating Scheme (2019)

The real-time map updating enables vehicles to obtain accurate and timely traffic information. Especially for driverless cars, real-time map updating can provide high-precision map service to assist the navigation, which requires vehicles to actively upload the latest road conditions. However, due to the untrusted network environment, it is difficult for the real-time map updating server to evaluate the authenticity of the road information from the vehicles. In order to prevent malicious vehicles from deliberately spreading false information and protect the privacy of vehicles from tracking attacks, this paper proposes a trust-based real-time map updating scheme. In this scheme, the public key is used as the identifier of the vehicle for anonymous communication with conditional anonymity. In addition, the blockchain is applied to provide the existence proof for the public key certificate of the vehicle. At the same time, to avoid the spread of false messages, a trust evaluation algorithm is designed. The fog node can validate the received massages from vehicles using Bayesian Inference Model. Based on the verification results, the road condition information is sent to the real-time map updating server so that the server can update the map in time and prevent the secondary traffic accident. In order to calculate the trust value offset for the vehicle, the fog node generates a rating for each message source vehicle, and finally adds the relevant data to the blockchain. According to the result of security analysis, this scheme can guarantee the anonymity and prevent the Sybil attack. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is effective and accurate in terms of real-time map updating and trust values calculating.
Role of Nutrient Limitation and Stationary-Phase Existence in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Biofilm Resistance to Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin (2003)

Biofilms formed by Klebsiella pneumoniae resisted killing during prolonged exposure to ampicillin or ciprofloxacin even though these agents have been shown to penetrate bacterial aggregates. Bacteria dispersed from biofilms into medium quickly regained most of their susceptibility. Experiments with free-floating bacteria showed that stationary-phase bacteria were protected from killing by either antibiotic, especially when the test was performed in medium lacking carbon and nitrogen sources. These results suggested that the antibiotic tolerance of biofilm bacteria could be explained by nutrient limitation in the biofilm leading to stationary-phase existence of at least some of the cells in the biofilm. This mechanism was supported by experimental characterization of nutrient availability and growth status in biofilms. The average specific growth rate of bacteria in biofilms was only 0.032 h(-1) compared to the specific growth rate of planktonic bacteria of 0.59 h(-1) measured in the same medium. Glucose did not penetrate all the way through the biofilm, and oxygen was shown to penetrate only into the upper 100 micro m. The specific catalase activity was elevated in biofilm bacteria to a level similar to that of stationary-phase planktonic cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that bacteria were affected by ampicillin near the periphery of the biofilm but were not affected in the interior. Taken together, these results indicate that K. pneumoniae in this system experience nutrient limitation locally within the biofilm, leading to zones in which the bacteria enter stationary phase and are growing slowly or not at all. In these inactive regions, bacteria are less susceptible to killing by antibiotics.
Designing Safer Ophthalmic Drugs by Soft Drug Approaches (1994)

There are two major novel metabolism-based drug design concepts which have significant advantages when used in the design of safe, specific ophthalmic drugs. One is based on predictable enzymatic activation processes by enzymes found exclusively or preferentially at the site of action--in this case, within the eye, primarily in the iris-ciliary body. The second major retrometabolic design technique involves soft drug approaches. Among the various soft drug design strategies, it was found that the "inactive metabolite" and the "soft analog" approaches are the most useful for designing safe and selective ophthalmic drugs. In the first case, the design process starts with a known (or predicted) inactive metabolite (Mi) of the drug (D). This Mi is then structurally modified in the "chemical activation" stage to the soft drug (SD), which is isosteric and/or isoelectronic with D to produce activity at the target receptors, similar to that of D. By design, however, SD is also subject to a facile, predictable (generally hydrolytic) metabolism leading in one step to the starting inactive Mi. As this deactivation takes places everywhere in the body, the desired activities are produced virtually exclusively at the target site at or near the place of application. Successful use of this general concept has led to soft beta-blockers as safe antiglaucoma agents, soft anticholinergics as short acting mydriatic agents, and soft corticosteroids as a type of novel, safe anti-inflammatory agents, which due to their unique design, do not elevate intraocular pressure IOP and do not produce other systemic and local side effects.
Role of the branch site/3'-splice site region in adenovirus-2 E1A pre-mRNA alternative splicing: evidence for 5'- and 3'-splice site co-operation (1989)

The adenovirus E1A gene encodes five overlapping mRNAs which are processed by alternative RNA splicing from a common pre-mRNA. To characterize cis-acting sequence elements which are of importance for the alternative 5'-splice site selection deletion and substitution mutants within the intron that is common to all E1A mRNAs were constructed. Deletion of the wild-type E1A branch site/polypyrimidine tract resulted in activation of a functionally redundant sequence located within an A/T rich sequence just upstream of the normal E1A lariat branch site. Removal of both regulatory sequences abolished in vivo splicing completely and did not lead to activation of cryptic 3'-splice sites at other locations in the E1A pre-mRNA. Furthermore we show that the sequence around the E1A branch site/3'-splice site region may have a more direct effect on the efficiency by which the alternative E1A 5'-splice sites are selected. Replacing the E1A branch site/3'-splice site region with the corresponding sequence from the second intron of the rabbit beta-globin gene or the first intron of the major late transcription unit resulted in drastic changes in E1A 5'-splice site selection. For example, with the E1A/beta-globin hybrid gene the 9S mRNA became the most abundant E1A mRNA to accumulate. This contrasts with the wild-type E1A gene in which almost undetectable levels of 9S mRNA were produced in transient expression assays. Our results strongly suggest that a cooperative interaction between 5'- and 3'-splice sites on a pre-mRNA determines the outcome of alternative splicing.
Natural Competence in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon<i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i>Facilitates Genetic Manipulation: Construction of Markerless Deletions of Genes Encoding the Two Cytoplasmic Hydrogenases (2011)

In attempts to develop a method of introducing DNA into Pyrococcus furiosus, we discovered a variant within the wild-type population that is naturally and efficiently competent for DNA uptake. A pyrF gene deletion mutant was constructed in the genome, and the combined transformation and recombination frequencies of this strain allowed marker replacement by direct selection using linear DNA. We have demonstrated the use of this strain, designated COM1, for genetic manipulation. Using genetic selections and counterselections based on uracil biosynthesis, we generated single- and double-deletion mutants of the two gene clusters that encode the two cytoplasmic hydrogenases. The COM1 strain will provide the basis for the development of more sophisticated genetic tools allowing the study and metabolic engineering of this important hyperthermophile.
Multiple-Job Optimization in MapReduce for Heterogeneous Workloads (2010)

Map Reduce cluster is emerging as a solution of data-intensive scalable computing system. The open source implementation Hadoop has already been adopted for building clusters containing thousands of nodes. Such cloud infrastructure was used to processing many different jobs depending on different hardware resources, such as memory, CPU, Disk I/O and Network I/O, simultaneously. If the schedule policy does not consider the heterogeneity of running jobs' resource utilization types, resource contention may happen. In this paper, we analyze this multiple job parallelization problems in Map Reduce, and propose the multiple-job optimization (MJO) scheduler. Our scheduler detects job's resource utilization type on the fly and improves the hardware utilization by parallel different kinds of jobs. We give two scenarios which are “same plan” and “same job” to illustrate the multiple jobs' submission traces in Map Reduce clusters. Our experiments show that in these scenarios, MJO scheduler could save the make span by about 20%.
Motor neuron disease. (1994)

For neurologists, the management of motor neuron disease (MND) involves prompt and accurate diagnosis; an understanding of nat- ural history, prognosis, and of the physical and psychological consequences of the dis- ease for the individual and for carers; famil- iarity with the techniques, philosophies, and ethical aspects of symptomatic treatment, rehabilitation medicine and palliative care; and awareness of the new opportunities for research into the causes and treatment of MND and other motor neuron disorders. Because MND is a relatively rare condition for most health workers, the neurologist can make an important contribution to effective multidisciplinary management. Underpro- vision of neurology services militates against this in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, an argument can be made that MND be treated as a "special case" and that health districts should develop appropriate models of inter- disciplinary care, not necessarily led, but advised and supported by, local neurologists.