gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mid-IR intersubband quantum cascade lasers (1998)

Quantum cascade lasers are new light sources in the mid- infrared (3.5 - 12 micrometer), based on resonant tunneling and optical transitions between quantised conduction band states. Quantum engineering of electronic energy levels and tailoring of the wavefunctions are used to obtain population inversion and optimize the overall laser performance. Advanced structures from a point of view of the quantum design, such as two wavelength emitters, are presented. New waveguide confinement based on surface plasmon are also discussed. In this configuration it is shown that optical confinement can be achieved without the growth of cladding layers. The paper concludes with a general comparative discussion between GaAs/AlGaAs and GaInAs/AlInAs material systems for the new generations of quantum cascade lasers.
Miniaturization of wide-band VHF filters by using spiral resonators (1979)

The miniaturization of a wide-band VHF filter composed of distributed resonators has been studied. The miniaturized filter was realized with spiral resonant lines and lumped capacitors. The filter was designed using a prototype filter circuit composed of only series-resonant lumped-constant circuits. Each resonant circuit is transformed to another resonant circuit consisting of a spiral resonant line and two capacitors. One capacitor is connected to each end of the spiral resonant line. With this technique, the line length becomes very short, e.g., one-twentieth wavelength, in comparison with the line length in conventional resonant lines of one-half or one-quarter wavelength. A filter which has a 160-185 MHz passband and a volume of 3 × 4 × 10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> was realized with 10 spiral resonators. The filter exhibits superior characteristics with very little volume.
The Susceptible Visual Apparatus (1991)

Light sources and their emitted radiations, McKinlay the measurement of light and the geometry of exposure of the human eye, Sinley the transmission and absorption characteristics of the tissues of the human eye, Wolbarsht the interaction of light with biological tissues and the potential for damage, Hillenkamp light induced damage - the problem of ultraviolet and blue light, Ham photoxicity - the problem of drug and chemical enhancement, Pierrette and Barker light and the problem of tissue ageing, Marshall light and clinical practice, Mainster light and the developing visual system, Abramor senile macular degeneration, Bird the epidemiology of light and the ageing retina, Hyman light, ageing and declining visual performance, Kline.
Expression of heat shock protein 70 and NKG2D ligands in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines (2010)

Our study is the first to describe long-term stationary cell surface expression of HSP70 in different subtypes of AML. Combined with the results of the gene expression experiments these data provide more evidence to the idea of a self-limiting mechanism for HSP70 expression.
Walking in the crowd (2009)

Recently, trajectory data mining has received a lot of attention in both the industry and the academic research. In this paper, we study the privacy threats in trajectory data publishing and show that traditional anonymization methods are not applicable for trajectory data due to its challenging properties: high-dimensional, sparse, and sequential. Our primary contributions are (1) to propose a new privacy model called LKC-privacy that overcomes these challenges, and (2) to develop an efficient anonymization algorithm to achieve LKC-privacy while preserving the information utility for trajectory pattern mining.
TrajectoryNet: A Dynamic Optimal Transport Network for Modeling Cellular Dynamics (2020)

It is increasingly common to encounter data from dynamic processes captured by static cross-sectional measurements over time, particularly in biomedical settings. Recent attempts to model individual trajectories from this data use optimal transport to create pairwise matchings between time points. However, these methods cannot model continuous dynamics and non-linear paths that entities can take in these systems. To address this issue, we establish a link between continuous normalizing flows and dynamic optimal transport, that allows us to model the expected paths of points over time. Continuous normalizing flows are generally under constrained, as they are allowed to take an arbitrary path from the source to the target distribution. We present <i>TrajectoryNet</i>, which controls the continuous paths taken between distributions to produce dynamic optimal transport. We show how this is particularly applicable for studying cellular dynamics in data from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies, and that TrajectoryNet improves upon recently proposed static optimal transport-based models that can be used for interpolating cellular distributions.
A One Chip Hardened Solution for High Speed SpaceWire System Implementations. Session: Components (2007)

An Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) that implements the SpaceWire protocol has been developed in a radiation hardened 0.25 micron CMOS technology. This effort began in March 2003 as a joint development between the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and BAE Systems. The BAE Systems SpaceWire ASIC is comprised entirely of reusable core elements, many of which are already flight-proven. It incorporates a router with 4 SpaceWire ports and two local ports, dual PC1 bus interfaces, a microcontroller, 32KB of internal memory, and a memory controller for additional external memory use. The SpaceWire cores are also reused in other ASICs under development. The SpaceWire ASIC is planned for use on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)-R, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and other missions. Engineering and flight parts have been delivered to programs and users. This paper reviews the SpaceWire protocol and those elements of it that have been built into the current and next SpaceWire reusable cores and features within the core that go beyond the current standard and can be enabled or disabled by the user. The adaptation of SpaceWire to BAE Systems' On Chip Bus (OCB) for compatibility with the other reusable cores will be reviewed and highlighted. Optional configurations within user systems and test boards will be shown. The physical implementation of the design will be described and test results from the hardware will be discussed. Application of this ASIC and other ASICs containing the SpaceWire cores and embedded microcontroller to Plug and Play and reconfigurable implementations will be described. Finally, the BAE Systems roadmap for SpaceWire developments will be updated, including some products already in design as well as longer term plans.
Force transduction materials for human-technology intefaces (1996)

Various approaches to sensing forces and generating forces are presented in the context of building human-technology interfaces capable of communicating force information. addressing the need for various types of force transducers, relevant classes of materials are reviewed, including smart materials, electronic polymers, and magnetic materials. basic physical limits and design trade-offs are given for building force sensors and actuators from these materials. in addition, the possibility of using force transduction as a means of generating electrical energy is also briefly discussed. finally, two brief illustrative examples, “power shoes” and “deformable surfaces,” are also presented.
Investigation of alternative prodrugs for use with E. coli nitroreductase in 'suicide gene' approaches to cancer therapy. (1996)

The most commonly employed 'suicide' gene/prodrug system used in cancer gene therapy is the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk)/ganciclovir system. We have examined the efficacy of an alternative approach utilising the E. coli nitroreductase B enzyme with CB1954 and a variety of other prodrugs. V79 cells transfected with a nitroreductase expression vector were up to 770-fold more sensitive to CB1954 than control non-expressing cells. In general other prodrugs which were found by HPLC to act as substrates for purified E. coli nitroreductase also exhibited increased cytotoxicity against the nitroreductase-expressing cells, although this correlation was not absolute. In particular nitrofurazone (97-fold) and additional aromatic nitro-compounds (nine- to 50-fold) showed a large differential whereas the quinones and the antimetabolite, B-FU, were less effective (< three-fold). The results support the possibility of using nitroreductase and CB1954 for 'suicide gene' therapy and in addition suggest that alternative prodrugs, such as nitrofurazone, warrant further investigation in this novel approach.
Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies of manganese(II), -(III), and -(IV) gluconate complexes. 2. Reactivity and equilibriums with molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical and spectroscopic studies of manganese(II), -(III), and -(IV) gluconate complexes. 2. Reactivity and equilibriums with molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxideMario E. Bodini and Donald T. SawyerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 26, 8366–8371Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00442a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00442a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views345Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
U. S. Department of Energy Advanced Light Water Reactor Program (1990)

This paper describes the progress and current plans for the Department of Energy Advanced Light Water Reactor Program, that is being accomplished in close coordination with the electric utility industry, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the reactor suppliers. The overall objective is to restore nuclear power as a viable option to help meet the Nation's growing electric power needs beginning in this decade. Specifically, this work is intended to produce improved and simplified ALWR standard plant designs that are Certified, economically attractive, and constructable on a predictable and reasonable schedule. Most importantly, these plant designs must be responsive to the concerns of the public and the needs of the prospective utility customers.
A Literature Review of Vibrational Analysis of Human Limbs (1984)

The literature concerning the vibrational analysis of human bones is reviewed.
Immunotherapy Targeting Colon Cancer Stem Cells (2010)

In the last 10 years, cancer stem cells have interested the scientific community because this small tumorigenic population is also associated with tumor progression in human patients and specific targeting of cancer stem cells could be a strategy to eradicate cancers currently resistant to conventional therapy. Clinical studies have recently demonstrated that adding immune therapy to chemotherapy has survival benefits in comparison with chemotherapy alone that can sensitize tumors to immune cell-mediated killing (e.g., increasing sensitivity of tumor cells to subsequent cytotoxicity by T cells via upregulation of death receptors DR5 and Fas). However, loss of MHC molecules is often observed in cancer cells, rendering tumor cells resistant to CD8 T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. For this reason, we review the role of other T-cell subsets, such as γδ T and NK cells that are able to efficiently recognize and kill tumor cells and that could be used in passive or active immunotherapy in cancer stem cell eradication.
Effect of organic package core via pitch reduction on power distribution performance (2004)

Advances in CMOS technology continue to provide increased circuit density and performance at a lower cost. Die size and cost can be further reduced for I/O limited applications by shrinking the area array flip-chip (C4) pad pitch. These advances continue to drive package ground rule improvements to efficiently distribute signal and power while reducing cost. One such groundrule for organic build-up packages is the core via pitch. Core via pitch reduction can significantly improve the package power distribution and signal escape. This paper presents the package design tradeoffs for core via pitch reduction to support a 90nm 9.3mm ASIC die using a 150/spl mu/m full area array C4 pitch. The impact of core via pitch on power distribution performance, wireability, and cost will be presented, including electrical modeling and simulation results. Design trade-offs to optimize both the chip and package are presented, including die C4 pad pitch and depth versus module cost and performance.
T‐T cell interactions during <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. III. Antigen‐specific T helper cells release nonspecific mediator(s) able to help induction of H‐2‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses across cell‐impermeable membranes (1980)

T helper cell induction and the specificity of T cell-mediated help as generated during alloreactive and H-2-restricted, virus- or hapten-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses have been compared. With the use of a double-chamber culture system, it was possible to dissect and separately analyze the induction phase of T helper cells from the T helper cell effector function. The data obtained revealed that during alloreactive as well as H-2-restricted T cell responses, antigen-specific T helper cells are induced. Upon specific restimulation of T helper cells, helper cell function is mediated across a cell-impermeable membrane via soluble products in an apparently nonspecific and nonrestricted manner. The data suggest that similar rules govern T-T cell interactions in alloreactive and H-2-restricted CTL responses.
Engine Position Tracking at Shutdown (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine position synchronous control of fuel injection and spark ignition at engine start can reduce regulated emissions, and improve start quality. Synchronous fuel and ignition control requires full 720° engine position information. Emissions and start quality benefits are gained if engine position is available at key-on before initial engine rotation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Typical engine position sensor sets require substantial engine rotation before engine position is initialized. Tracking engine stop position, for use on the next start, eliminates the initial engine angular travel required for synchronization. The previous stop position of the engine is stored in non-volatile memory, giving engine position immediately at start. This approach is applicable for systems in which the engine controller remains powered for some time after key-off.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As the engine stops, direction reversals are common. The difficulty in tracking engine position as it comes to a stop is that typical engine position sensor sets cannot discern engine direction. Significant position errors occur when travel in the reverse direction is accumulated as travel in the forward direction.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A technique is presented for overcoming this problem. Engine coast-down characteristics and variable reluctance sensor physics are used to implement successful engine stop position tracking, using a non-directional engine position sensor set, in the presence of engine direction reversals.</div>
Lip Silicone Granulomatous Foreign Body Reaction Treated With Aldara (Imiquimod 5%) (2003)

We report a case of a lip granulomatous reaction after injection of silicone being treated successfully with topical Aldara (Imiquimod 5%). Silicone granulomas and the inflammatory foreign body reaction that can occur are some of the complications that arise from using silicone for cosmetic enhancement. The inflammatory reaction of this patient first appeared shortly after silicone injection of both the upper and lower lips. Histopathologic examination revealed a foreign body inflammatory reaction that is consistent with silicone granuloma. Although this reaction has been described extensively in the dermatologic literature as one of the disfiguring side effects of silicone injection, its treatment has plagued cosmetic dermatologists. We report the use of an immunomodulatory cream Aldara (Imiquimod 5%) to treat this type of reaction.
Evaluation of multi-core scheduling mechanisms for heterogeneous processing architectures (2008)

General-purpose CPUs with multiple cores are established products, and new heterogeneous technology like the Cell broadband engine and general-purpose GPUs bring an even higher degree of true multi-processing into the market. However, means for utilizing the processing power is immature. Current tools typically assume that exclusive use of these resources is sufficient, but this assumption will soon be invalid because the interest in using their processing power for general-purpose tasks. Among the applications that can benefit from such technology is transcoding support for distributed media applications, where remote participants join and leave dynamically. Transcoding consists of several clearly separated processing operations that consume a lot of resources, such that individual processing units are unable to handle all operations of a session of arbitrary size. The individual operations can then be distributed over several processing units, and data must be moved between them according to the dependencies between operations. Many multi-processor scheduling approaches exist, but to the best of our knowledge, a challenge is still to find mechanisms that can schedule dynamic workloads of communicating operations while taking both the processing and communication requirements into account. For such applications, we believe that feasible scheduling can be performed in two levels, i.e., divided into the task of placing a job onto a processing unit and the task of multitasking time-slices within a single processing unit. We have implemented some simple high-level scheduling mechanisms and simulated a video conferencing scenario running on topologies inspired by existing systems from Intel, AMD, IBM and nVidia. Our results show the importance of using an efficient high-level scheduler.
Automated Calculation of Term Relatedness Weights for Semantic Searches (2015)

Information retrieval - finding and retrieving relevant sources of data, such as documents or geospatially located records - is a bottleneck in the process of accessing online data. Metadata describing data sources is variable in quality and quantity, textual descriptions are defined by data providers and the terminology they use will not always match search terms, particularly in fields with specialised terminology, such as health. Augmenting the original query with related terms increases the likelihood of matching to relevant metadata. Related terms can be extracted from thesaurus and term definition resources or from the Semantic Web, which defines resources and relationships between them. However, relationships between terms are complicated by multiple interpretations, often dependent upon context (for example, 'sign' may mean a 'road sign' or a 'medical sign', such as fever). Including the strength and/or context of a relationship in a semantic link could help narrow down extra terms to those most relevant to the query. In this paper, methods for automatically calculating the relative strength of relationships between terms were investigated and compared for general and domain-specific terms. Calculations were based on a variety of textual resources including public, crowd-sourced online sources Wikipedia and Google search engine. Measures for term relatedness in a specialist domain were tested using health as a case study. Results show promise for automatic calculation of weights between terms, which can be used to develop weighted graphs for use in semantic searches.
Treatment of Diarrhea Caused by<i>Giardia intestinalis</i>and<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>or<i>E. dispar:</i>A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study of Nitazoxanide (2001)

A prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide in the treatment of diarrhea caused by Giardia intestinalis or Entamoeba histolytica and/or E. dispar in 89 adults and adolescents, 22 of whom were diagnosed with G. intestinalis, 53 with E. histolytica and/or E. dispar, and 14 with both G. intestinalis and E. histolytica and/or E. dispar. The study medication was administered as 1 nitazoxanide 500-mg tablet or a matching placebo twice daily for 3 days. Thirty-eight (81%) of 47 patients in the nitazoxanide treatment group resolved diarrhea within 7 days (median, 3 days) after initiation of treatment, versus 17 (40%) of 42 in the placebo group (P=.0002). With its efficacy in treating a broad spectrum of enteric protozoan pathogens, nitazoxanide could play an important role in the management of diarrhea caused by enteric protozoa, reducing morbidity and costs associated with these diarrheal illnesses.
The Derivational Nature of External Possession (2013)

External Possession is among the most notable and widely studied phenomena in Korean and Japanese linguistics. There are two major types of external possession constructions in Korean: the Double Nominative Construction (DNC), as shown in (1a) and the Double Accusative Construction (DAC), as shown in (2a), whose corresponding genitive constructions are given in (1b) and (2b) respectively. 1 (1) a. Mary-ka nwun-i yeyppu-ta 2 Mary-NOM eye-NOM pretty-DECL b. Mary-uy nwun-i yeyppu-ta Mary-GEN eye-NOM pretty-DECL ‘Mary’s eyes are pretty.’ (2) a. John-i Mary-lul son-ul cap-ass-ta John-NOM Mary-ACC eye-ACC grab-PST-DECL b. John-i Mary-uy son-ul cap-ass-ta John-NOM Mary-GEN eye-ACC grab-PST-DECL ‘John grabbed Mary’s hand.’ Most researchers, as far as I understand, agree that the possessor, Mary, is outside of the phrase that contains the possessee, whether they analyze it as raising or as initial merge. This study aims to decide which approach is better supported empirically, as well as theoretically. This paper concentrates on the double nominative construction, such as (1a). Due to its apparent resemblance with the double accusative construction, however, I will consult with the DAC, where necessary. 2 Derivational versus Non-Derivational Approaches There are two major lines of approaches to the external possession. The derivational approach analyzes (1a) as a derived structure from (1b) via possessor raising (PR). In the non-derivational approach, on the other hand, the two constructions are not derivationally related, and the external possessor, Mary, in (1a) initially merges to a position outside of the possessee. This study is in favor of the derivational approach. This section will point out major problems of the nonderivational approach from an empirical, as well as theoretical point of view; and defend the position of the derivational approach by counter-arguing claims against PR.