gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of ABT-378, an HIV Protease Inhibitor Candidate:  Avoiding the Use of Carbodiimides in a Difficult Peptide Coupling (1999)

An alternative to carbodiimide-mediated peptide coupling protocols has been developed for a carboxylic acid prone to decomposition by polymerization. This method, involving the in situ generation of an acyl imidazolide, has been applied to the preparation of a lead clinical HIV protease inhibitor candidate, ABT-378. The nature of the polymerization and optimization of the new reaction conditions are presented.
A New Design for Automotive Alternators (2000)

This paper introduces a new design for alternator systems that provides dramatic increases in peak and average power output from a conventional Lundell alternator, along with substantial improvements in efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate these capability improvements. Additional performance and functionality improvements of particular value for highvoltage (e.g., 42 V) alternators are also demonstrated. Tight load-dump transient suppression can be achieved using this new design and the alternator system can be used to implement jump charging (the charging of the high-voltage system battery from a low-voltage source). Dual-output extensions of the technique (e.g., 42/14 V) are also introduced. The new technology preserves the simplicity and low cost of conventional alternator designs, and can be implemented within the existing manufacturing infrastructure.
A Tubular Self-Synchronous Motor for Artificial Heart Pump Drive (1986)

Buildup and test of a permanent magnet, tubular, self-synchronous motor and the associated microprocessor-based power conditioning link are discussed. The motor is controlled for variable frequency axial oscillation demonstrating suitability to function as an energy conversion intermediary between a battery pack and an artificial heart pumping element. Strengths and weaknesses of the test bed system are discussed along with future plans directed toward development of an implantable pump drive for an artificial heart.
Planococcus maritimus sp. nov., isolated from sea water of a tidal flat in Korea (2003)

Two Gram-positive, motile cocci, strains TF-9(T) and TF-16, were isolated from sea water of a tidal flat in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that the strains fall within the radiation of the cluster comprising Planococcus citreus and Planococcus kocurii, and this cluster joined the clade comprising Planomicrobium species and Planococcus alkanoclasticus and Planococcus psychrophilus with a high bootstrap resampling value. Strains TF-9(T) and TF-16 contained MK-8, MK-7 and MK-6 as the predominant menaquinones. The major fatty acid was anteiso-C(15 : 0). The DNA G+C contents of strains TF-9(T) and TF-16 were respectively 48 and 49 mol%. The level of 16S rDNA identity between strains TF-9(T) and TF-16 was 98.9 %. Strain TF-9(T) and TF-16 respectively exhibited levels of 16S rDNA identity of 97.2-98.4 and 96.9-99.5 % to the type strains of Planococcus kocurii, Planococcus citreus and Planococcus antarcticus. The mean level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains TF-9(T) and TF-16 was 36.7 %. Strains TF-9(T) and TF-16 respectively exhibited levels of DNA-DNA relatedness of 7.1-43.4 and 3.5-80.9 % to Planococcus citreus DSM 20549(T), Planococcus kocurii DSM 20747(T) and Planococcus antarcticus DSM 14505(T). On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic data, strain TF-9(T) (=KCCM 41587(T)=JCM 11543(T)) should be placed as a novel species of the genus Planococcus, for which the name Planococcus maritimus sp. nov. is proposed, and strain TF-16 should be classified as a member of Planococcus citreus.
Growth and the microstructural and ferroelectric characterization of oriented BaMgF/sub 4/ thin films (1991)

The growth of ferroelectric BaMgF(4) thin films on Si(100), sapphire, and other substrates under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions is reported. Microstructural characterization of the films using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that they were oriented crystalline films, although not epitaxial. Ferroelectric hysteresis measurements yielded spontaneous polarization and coercivity values of almost 1.0 muC/cm(2) and 160 kV/cm, respectively. The discrepancy with the bulk ferroelectric values were attributed to the electrical contacts, impurities in the film, and lack of polar axis orientation. Preliminary capacitance-voltage (C-V) hysteresis measurements on a 480-nm-thick BaMgF(4) film yielded a 10.8-V threshold shift (memory window) in response to a +/-10-V programming voltage for a MIS gate structure similar to that of the ferroelectric memory field-effect transistor (FEMFET).
Classification of prehensile EMG patterns with simplified fuzzy ARTMAP networks (2003)

Simplified fuzzy ARTMAP networks (SFAM) typically generate a large number of output neurons and require a large number of input neurons due to the input complementation. We propose a modification of SFAM, which uses activation and matching functions based on the Mahalanobis distance. This modification considerably reduces the network size and increases the efficiency in training and classification. The new network has shown an excellent performance in classification of prehensile motions based on EMG patterns.
Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Desmoglein Family Members (2002)

Desmosomes are the most prominent cell-cell junctions in most epithelial cells and serve to link the intermediate filament cytoskeletons of adjacent cells. Desmogleins and desmocollins are the transmembrane core of the desmosome and both are members of the cadherin family of cell-cell adhesion molecules. In the skin, the three desmoglein gene products (Dsg 1, 2, and 3) are expressed in a stratification dependent manner, and therefore contribute to compositionally different desmosomes throughout the differentiating layers. In this study we generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for each of the desmoglein gene products and evaluated their usefulness in a number of immunological procedures including immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. In addition, we showed that these antibodies are useful for immunoprecipitating desmogleins from cell extracts prepared in 0.1% Empigen BB, a zwitterionic detergent capable of solubilizing the desmosomal structure. Identification of conditions that solubilize the desmosome and allow the use of immunological reagents will help facilitate an increased understanding of desmosome assembly and regulation.
Organometallic Nanostructures: Self-Assembly of Poly(ferrocene) Block Copolymers (1998)

Self-assembly of block copolymers with incompatible segments is known to generate a variety of different morphologies, and provides an attractive, alternative route to nanostructures. The authors describe some of their recent collaborative work on novel organometallic nanostructures made possible by the recent synthetic access to poly(ferrocene) block copolymers (see Figure and also the cover).
Exploring the role of CT densitometry: a randomised study of augmentation therapy in α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency (2009)

Assessment of emphysema-modifying therapy is difficult, but newer outcome measures offer advantages over traditional methods. The EXAcerbations and Computed Tomography scan as Lung End-points (EXACTLE) trial explored the use of computed tomography (CT) densitometry and exacerbations for the assessment of the therapeutic effect of augmentation therapy in subjects with alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) deficiency. In total, 77 subjects (protease inhibitor type Z) were randomised to weekly infusions of 60 mg x kg(-1) human alpha(1)-AT (Prolastin) or placebo for 2-2.5 yrs. The primary end-point was change in CT lung density, and an exploratory approach was adopted to identify optimal methodology, including two methods of adjustment for lung volume variability and two statistical approaches. Other end-points were exacerbations, health status and physiological indices. CT was more sensitive than other measures of emphysema progression, and the changes in CT and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were correlated. All methods of densitometric analysis concordantly showed a trend suggestive of treatment benefit (p-values for Prolastin versus placebo ranged 0.049-0.084). Exacerbation frequency was unaltered by treatment, but a reduction in exacerbation severity was observed. In patients with alpha(1)-AT deficiency, CT is a more sensitive outcome measure of emphysema-modifying therapy than physiology and health status, and demonstrates a trend of treatment benefit from alpha(1)-AT augmentation.
Rebinning-based algorithms for helical cone-beam CT (2001)

Several image reconstruction algorithms based on rebinning have been proposed recently for helical cone-beam CT. These algorithms separate the 3D reconstruction into a set of independent 2D reconstructions for a set of surfaces: planar or non-planar surfaces are defined and then reconstructed using 2D filtered backprojection from a 2D fan-beam or parallel-beam set of data estimated from the cone-beam (CB) measurements. The first part of this paper presents a unified derivation of rebinning algorithms for planar and non-planar surfaces. An integral equation is derived for the surface allowing the best rebinning and an iterative algorithm converging to the solution of that equation is given. The second part presents an efficient method to correct the residual reconstruction artefacts observed with rebinning algorithms when the cone-angle is too large for the required accuracy. This correction algorithm involves a CB backprojection and the reconstruction time is slightly longer than for the zero-boundary (ZB) method.
Sub-mA threshold operation of λ=1.5 μm strained InGaAs multiple quantum well lasers grown on (311)B InP substrates (1992)

1.5 μm wavelength InxGa1−xAs-InGaAsP (x=0.7, resulting in 1.2% compressive strain and x=0.53, resulting in zero strain) multiple quantum well (MQW) structures were grown on (311)B, (511)A, (511)B, and (001)InP substrates by low-pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-OMVPE). Intense and narrow linewidth room-temperature photoluminescence spectra indicate the device quality of the MQW structures. Strained MQW lasers grown on InP substrates misoriented towards (111)B show about 25% lower threshold current densities than the unstrained MQW lasers. The high quality of the strained MQW structures grown on (311)B InP substrates is demonstrated by the realization of 0.9 mA threshold current buried heterostructure lasers employing semi-insulating current blocking layers, and entirely grown by LP-OMVPE.
An Echelle Spectrograph for Astronomical use (1971)

A Cassegrain spectrograph which uses a 73.5 groove/mm echelle grating as its main dispersing element has been designed and constructed at the University of Wisconsin. The optical design and, in particular, the effects of various aberrations are discussed in detail. The mechanical design is discussed in general terms and preliminary observations of various astronomical objects are given. Key words: echelle spectrograph
Surugapyrroles A and B, Two New<i>N</i>-Hydroxypyrroles, as DPPH Radical-Scavengers from<i>Streptomyces</i>sp. USF-6280 Strain (2009)

Two new N-hydroxypyrroles, surugapyrroles A and B, were isolated as DPPH radical-scavengers from a culture broth of Streptomyces sp. USF-6280 strain. The structures of the two compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic evidences and derivatization. Their DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity was as high as that of butylhydroxytoluene (BHT): surugapyrrole A, ED(50) 50.3 microM; surugapyrrole B, ED(50) 75.8 microM.
Densification of chlorine-doped continuous CNT sheet/polyvinylidene fluoride sandwich film and improvement of the mechanical and dielectric properties (2017)

The compact structure of a chlorine-doped continuous CNT sheet/polyvinylidene fluoride (Cl-CNT sheet/PVDF) was successfully optimized by means of a hot-press treatment to improve the mechanical and dielectric properties with a high densification degree. Then, the densified Cl-CNT sheet/PVDF dielectric layer was inserted between two PVDF insulating layers to fabricate a sandwich composite. It was found that the dielectric and mechanical properties were effectively enhanced, with a dielectric permittivity of 40.4 (@10<sup>2</sup> Hz), a dielectric loss of 0.16 (@10<sup>2</sup> Hz), a tensile strength of 139 MPa, and a tensile modulus of 4.4 GPa under a hot-pressing pressure of 20 MPa. Furthermore, the densified Cl-CNT sheet/PVDF was used as an electrode in a multilayer sandwich composite film, and good performance was obtained. The improvement mechanism was discussed and the studied CNT composite and other dielectric composites were compared. It demonstrates great potential for applications in dielectric and electrode materials to achieve structural and functional integration.
Mastering Turbo Assembler (1989)

Written by nationally known, best-selling author Tom Swan, this book provides a complete introduction to programming as well as thorough coverage of intermediate and advanced topics.
Routing optimization in DMM (2013)

This draft proposes a PMIP-based routing optimization method in
distributed anchor architecture. The anchor of the mobile node is able
to communicate with the anchor of corresponding node directly using
optimized routing. In this draft, there are two modes for the setup of
routing optimization: the direct mode and the relay mode. The
difference between them lies in that whether the routing optimization
is set up directly or under the assistance of a third anchor. The
situation that Communication Node(CN) is a fixed terminal or a content
server is also considered and 3 solutions are provided
correspondingly. The method proposed in this draft can reduce the
delay and save signaling overhead in the current scheme.
Image smoothing via<i>L</i><sub>0</sub>gradient minimization (2011)

We present a new image editing method, particularly effective for sharpening major edges by increasing the steepness of transition while eliminating a manageable degree of low-amplitude structures. The seemingly contradictive effect is achieved in an optimization framework making use of L0 gradient minimization, which can globally control how many non-zero gradients are resulted in to approximate prominent structure in a sparsity-control manner. Unlike other edge-preserving smoothing approaches, our method does not depend on local features, but instead globally locates important edges. It, as a fundamental tool, finds many applications and is particularly beneficial to edge extraction, clip-art JPEG artifact removal, and non-photorealistic effect generation.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW ALKYLATION PRODUCTS OF QUINIZARIN AND ITS MONOMETHYL ETHER (1979)

Abstract Chinizarin (III), erhalten durch Kondensation des Anhydrids (I) mit Hydrochinon (II), reagiert mit Na 2 S 2 O 4 und Formalin zu den 2,3‐disubstituierten Derivaten (IV), die in geringen Ausbb.
Resolution: a survey (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. J. den Dekker and A. van den Bos, "Resolution: a survey," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 547-557 (1997) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Germ-line chimaeras can produce both strains of fowl with high efficiency after partial sterilization (1993)

The drug busulphan is known to be cytotoxic to migrating primordial germ cells (PGCs). A technique is described in which doses of 0, 25, 50 and 250 micrograms busulphan in 40 microliters sesame oil were injected into the yolk of White Leghorn eggs incubated for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. The percentage survival values of these embryos showed that the older the embryo at the time of injection, the greater the survival. Increasing the dose of busulphan decreased the survival. The percentage of embryos showing abnormalities increased with higher doses of busulphan. The number of germ cells in histological sections from gonads of 16-day embryos was estimated and in embryos treated with 50 micrograms and 250 micrograms busulphan the number of germ cells was significantly less than in the controls. Eggs were injected with 50 micrograms busulphan at 24-30 h, and at 50-55 h the embryos received an intravascular injection of a germinal crescent cell suspension containing PGCs from Rhode Island Red embryos. Twenty hatchlings from these experiments were raised to sexual maturity. All these birds were fertile and half of the breeding groups producing offspring from the transferred germ cells at a rate of about 35% of the total. The technique would improve the efficiency of producing transgenic gametes.
Identification of a Critical and Conformational Neutralizing Epitope in Human Adenovirus Type 4 Hexon (2017)

Human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-4) is an epidemic virus that contributes to serious acute respiratory disease (ARD) in both pediatric and adult patients. However, no licensed drug or vaccine is currently available to the civilian population. The identification of neutralizing epitopes of HAdV-4 should allow the development of a novel antiviral vaccine and a novel gene transfer vector, and an effective neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) will be useful in developing appropriate antiviral drugs. In this study, we report that MAb MN4b shows strong neutralizing activity against HAdV-4. MN4b recognizes a conformational epitope (418AGSEK422) within hypervariable region 7 (HVR7). Mutations within this site permitted HAdV-4 mutants to escape neutralization by MN4b and to resist neutralization by animal and human anti-HAdV-4 sera. A recombinant virus, rAd3-A4R7-1, containing the identified neutralizing epitope in the HVR7 region of HAdV-3 hexon, successfully induced antiserum that inhibited HAdV-4 infection. These results indicate that a small surface loop of HAdV-4 hexon is a critical neutralization epitope for this virus. The generation of MN4b and the identification of this neutralizing epitope may be useful in developing therapeutic treatment, a subunit vaccine, and a novel vector that can escape preexisting neutralization for HAdV-4.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Neutralizing antibodies are considered good tools for the prevention of human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-4) infections. The identification of the epitopes recognized by such neutralizing antibodies is important for the generation of recombinant antiviral vaccines. However, until now, no neutralizing epitope has been reported for HAdV-4. Here, we developed a serotype-specific neutralizing MAb directed against HAdV-4, MN4b. We provide evidence that MN4b recognizes a conformational epitope within HVR7 of HAdV-4 hexon. Antisera generated to this conformational epitope displayed on HAdV-3 hexon inhibited infection of AD293 cells by HAdV-4. Our findings are very important for the development of therapeutic treatment, a subunit vaccine, and a novel vector for HAdV-4.
Characterization Study and Five-Cycle Tests in a Fixed-Bed Reactor of Titania-Supported Nickel Oxide as Oxygen Carriers for the Chemical-Looping Combustion of Methane (2005)

Recent investigations have shown that in the combustion of carbonaceous compounds CO2 and NOx emissions to the atmosphere can be substantially reduced by using a two stage chemical-looping process. In this process, the reduction stage is undertaken in a first reactor in which the framework oxygen of a reducible inorganic oxide is used, instead of the usual atmospheric oxygen, for the combustion of a carbonaceous compound, for instance, methane. The outlet gas from this reactor is mostly composed of CO2 and steam as reaction products and further separation of these two components can be carried out easily by simple condensation of steam. Then, the oxygen carrier found in a reduced state is transported to a second reactor in which carrier regeneration with air takes place at relatively low temperatures, consequently preventing the formation of thermal NOx. Afterward, the regenerated carrier is carried to the first reactor to reinitiate a new cycle and so on for a number of repetitive cycles, while the carrier is able to withstand the severe chemical and thermal stresses involved in every cycle. In this paper, the performance of titania-supported nickel oxides has been investigated in a fixed-bed reactor as oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion of methane. Samples with different nickel oxide contents were prepared by successive incipient wet impregnations, and their performance as oxygen carriers was investigated at 900 degrees C and atmospheric pressure in five-cycle fixed-bed reactor tests using pure methane and pure air for the respective reduction and regeneration stages. The evolution of the outlet gas composition in each stage was followed by gas chromatography, and the involved chemical, structural, and textural changes of the carrier in the reactor bed were studied by using different characterization techniques. From the study, it is deduced that the reactivity of these nickel-based oxygen carriers is in the two involved stages and almost independent of the nickel loading. However, in the reduction stage, carbon deposition, from the thermal decomposition of methane, and CO emissions, mainly derived from the partial reduction of titania as support acting as an additional oxygen source, may impose some constraints to the efficiency of the overall chemical-looping combustion process in CO2 capture.
Effect of citric acid crosslinking cellulose‐based hydrogels on osteogenic differentiation (2014)

Understanding the relationships between material surface properties and cellular responses is essential to designing optimal material surfaces for implantation and tissue engineering. In this study, cellulose hydrogels were crosslinked using a non-toxic and natural component namely citric acid. The chemical treatment induces COOH functional groups that improve the hydrophilicity, roughness, and materials rheological properties. The physiochemical, morphological, and mechanical analyses were performed to analyze the material surface before and after crosslinking. This approach would help determine if the effect of chemical treatment on cellulose hydrogel improves the hydrophilicity, roughness, and rheological properties of the scaffold. In this study, it was demonstrated that the biological responses of human mesenchymal stem cell with regard to cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were influenced in vitro by changing the surface chemistry and roughness.
Acidic Hydrolysis of <i>N</i>-Ethoxybenzylimidazoles (NEBIs):  Potential Applications as pH-Sensitive Linkers for Drug Delivery (2007)

This paper describes the development of a new class of N-linked imidazoles as potential pH-sensitive, cleavable linkers for use in cancer drug delivery systems. Kinetic analysis of eight derivatives of N-ethoxybenzylimidazoles (NEBIs) showed that their rates of hydrolysis are accelerated in mild aqueous acidic solutions compared to in solutions at normal, physiological pH. Incorporation of electron donating or electron withdrawing substituents on the phenyl ring of the NEBI resulted in the ability to tune the rates of hydrolysis under mild acidic conditions with half-lives ranging from minutes to months. A derivative of NEBI carrying doxorubicin, a widely used anticancer agent, also showed an increased rate of hydrolysis under mild acid compared to that at normal physiological pH. The doxorubicin analogue resulting from hydrolysis from the NEBI exhibited good cytotoxic activity when exposed to human ovarian cancer cells. These results demonstrate a potentially useful, general strategy for conjugating a wide range of drugs to imidazole-containing delivery vessels via NEBI functionalities for controlled release of therapeutics for drug delivery applications.