gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minnorm training: an algorithm for training over-parameterized deep neural networks (2018)

In this work, we propose a new training method for finding minimum weight norm solutions in over-parameterized neural networks (NNs). This method seeks to improve training speed and generalization performance by framing NN training as a constrained optimization problem wherein the sum of the norm of the weights in each layer of the network is minimized, under the constraint of exactly fitting training data. It draws inspiration from support vector machines (SVMs), which are able to generalize well, despite often having an infinite number of free parameters in their primal form, and from recent theoretical generalization bounds on NNs which suggest that lower norm solutions generalize better. To solve this constrained optimization problem, our method employs Lagrange multipliers that act as integrators of error over training and identify `support vector'-like examples. The method can be implemented as a wrapper around gradient based methods and uses standard back-propagation of gradients from the NN for both regression and classification versions of the algorithm. We provide theoretical justifications for the effectiveness of this algorithm in comparison to early stopping and $L_2$-regularization using simple, analytically tractable settings. In particular, we show faster convergence to the max-margin hyperplane in a shallow network (compared to vanilla gradient descent); faster convergence to the minimum-norm solution in a linear chain (compared to $L_2$-regularization); and initialization-independent generalization performance in a deep linear network. Finally, using the MNIST dataset, we demonstrate that this algorithm can boost test accuracy and identify difficult examples in real-world datasets.
Arbitrary equalization with simple LC structures (1981)

Equalization for magnetic recording with LC filters was reported in 1963 [1], and since then many other approaches have been used to alter the readback signal to reduce error, These ideas have been extended to arbitrary input-arbitrary output filters which are realized as LC structures without mutual inductance. An asymmetrical signal from an isolated pulse is equalized to become optimum in the linear Van der Maas sense [2], The change in the signal to noise ratio as a result of equalization is computed as a function of pulse slimming.
Catalytic Conversion of Methane to Methanol Using Cu-Zeolites (2012)

The conversion of methane to value-added liquid chemicals is a promising answer to the imminent demand for fuels and chemical synthesis materials in the advent of a dwindling petroleum supply. Current technology requires high energy input for the synthesis gas production, and is characterized by low overall selectivity, which calls for alternative reaction routes. The limitation to achieve high selectivity is the high C-H bond strength of methane. High-temperature reaction systems favor gas-phase radical reactions and total oxidation. This suggests that the catalysts for methane activation should be active at low temperatures. The enzymatic-inspired metal-exchanged zeolite systems apparently fulfill this need, however, methanol yield is low and a catalytic process cannot yet be established. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems have been described which stabilize the intermediate formed after the first C-H activation. The understanding of the reaction mechanism and the determination of the active metal sites are important for formulating strategies for the upgrade of methane conversion catalytic technologies.
Transonic Film-Cooling Investigations: Effects of Hole Shapes and Orientations (1996)

The emphasis of the present study is to understand the effects of various flowfield and geometrical parameters in the nearfield region of a scaled-up film-cooling hole on a flat test plate. The effect of these different parameters on adiabatic wall effectivenesses, heat transfer coefficients, discharge coefficients and the near-hole velocity field will be addressed. The geometrical parameters of concern include several angles of inclination and rotation of a cylindrical film-cooling hole and two different hole shapes — a fanshaped hole and a laidback fanshaped hole. The fluid dynamic parameters include both the internal and external Mach number as well as the mainstream-to-coolant ratios of total temperature, velocity, mass flux, and momentum flux. In particular, the interaction of a film-cooling jet being injected into a transonic mainstream will be studied. This paper includes a detailed description of the test rig design as well as the measuring techniques. Firstly, tests revealing the operability of the test rig will be discussed. Finally, an outlook of the comprehensive experimental and numerical program will be given.
Reinforcement Learning with Multiple Shared Rewards (2016)

A major concern in multi-agent coordination is how to select algorithms that can lead agents to learn together to achieve certain goals. Much of the research on multi-agent learning relates to reinforcement learning (RL) techniques. One element of RL is the interaction model, which describes how agents should interact with each other and with the environment. Discrete, continuous and objective-oriented interaction models can improve convergence among agents. This paper proposes an approach based on the integration of multi-agent coordination models designed for reward-sharing policies. By taking the best features from each model, better agent coordination is achieved. Our experimental results show that this approach improves convergence among agents even in large state-spaces and yields better results than classical RL approaches.
한국여성노인의 생애사 분석에 통한 노년기 삶의 이해 -인생전환점, 삶의 맥락, 적용전략을 중심으로- (2002)

The purpose of this study is to understand the lives of Korean elderly women in old age through examining their life trajectories. This study used personal narratives extracted from tape-recorded interviews of 13 elderly women and analyzed the key issues focused on life transitions in their subjective life experiences. Main results of this study are the following: First, Korean elderly women have experienced several kinds of life transitions due to many other reasons, e.g. abandoning somepathways for wars or poverty. Their lives are fabrications of their inner and outer life worlds:self, family, and society. Also we have to understand their lives in such complicated life fabrications. Second, Korean elderly women`s life courses revealed elderly women`s abilities to adapt to their environments and overcome adversities. The alteration process, the self endeavor to reconcile the present with the past may help some informants to overcome their harsh environments and adapt themselves successfully to their old age. These results show that life in old age is founded on the continuum that links the past and the present, and on this continuum the elderly interact with themselves and their surroundings.
A comparative analysis of web-based collaborative systems (2001)

E-collaboration and collaborative systems bring geographically dispersed teams together, supporting communication, coordination and cooperation. In this paper we review forty-four products and research prototypes that offer collaborative services. The findings of our survey provide a list of the basic collaboration services, such as non real-time discussions, email, whiteboard, real-time discussions, screen sharing, file & document sharing and document management, and the examined products are presented with regards to those services. In sequence, they are classified to five functional categories, also defined taking into account the analysed features. In conclusion, important issues of collaborative computing are touched upon, and areas for improvement are identified.
Femtosecond ultraviolet autocorrelation measurements based on two-photon conductivity in fused silica (1998)

We utilize the two-photon conductivity of a fused-silica substrate to produce a photoconductive switch for use in an intensity autocorrelator for ultraviolet ultrashort pulses. We perform measurements at 267 nm with pulse durations in the range of 110-330 fs and with energies as weak as 10 nJ. Based on the bandgap of fused silica, this device can potentially operate in the wavelength range of 140-280 nm.
ADRP stimulates lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation in murine fibroblasts (2002)

Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) is a lipid droplet-associated protein that is expressed early during adipose differentiation. The present study was undertaken to reveal the role of ADRP in adipose differentiation. In murine fibroblasts infected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-ADRP fusion protein expression adenovirus vector, confocal microscopic analysis showed the number and size of lipid droplets apparently increased comparing with those of control cells. Overexpressed GFP-ADRP were mainly located at the surface of lipid droplets and appeared to be "ring-shaped." Triacylglycerol content was also significantly (P < 0.001) increased in GFP-ADRP-overexpressed cells compared with control cells. ADRP-induced lipid accumulation did not depend on adipocyte-specific gene induction, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, lipoprotein lipase, or other lipogenic genes, including acyl-CoA synthetase, fatty acid-binding protein, and fatty acid transporter. In conclusion, ADRP stimulated lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation without induction of other adipocyte-specific genes or other lipogenic genes in murine fibroblasts. The detailed molecular mechanisms of ADRP on lipid accumulation remain to be elucidated.
Silicon-Modified Carbohydrate Surfactants III: Cationic and Anionic Compounds (1997)

Ionic siloxanyl-modified carbohydrate surfactants have been synthesized by alkylation/esterification of precursors containing tertiary amino functions. Depending on the reaction strategy, the siloxanyl moiety is part of the alkylating agent or the substrate. Polyhydroxylated tertiary amines can be quaternized by siloxanyl-modified chloroacetic acid esters or epoxysiloxanes in the presence of glacial acetic acid. The esterification of tertiary amines bearing carbohydrate and siloxanyl subunits by cyclic acid anhydrides yields, after neutralization, carboxylate salts. The reaction of hydroxyl groups and sulfamic acid leads to sulfates. The new substances were characterized by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography, elemental analysis and their solubility profile. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery management in QuickSilver (1988)

This paper describes QuickSilver, developed at the IBM Almaden Research Center, which uses atomic transactions as a unified failure recovery mechanism for a client-server structured distributed system. Transactions allow failure atomicity for related activities at a single server or at a number of independent servers. Rather than bundling transaction management into a dedicated language or recoverable object manager, Quicksilver exposes the basic commit protocol and log recovery primitives, allowing clients and servers to tailor their recovery techniques to their specific needs. Servers can implement their own log recovery protocols rather than being required to use a system-defined protocol. These decisions allow servers to make their own choices to balance simplicity, efficiency, and recoverability.
Dilution‐Free Analysis from Picoliter Droplets by Nano‐Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Packaged, transferred, and delivered: A method has been developed that automatically transfers the contents of oil-encapsulated aqueous plugs to a co-flowing aqueous stream, which enables dilution-free electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric analysis for droplet-based microfluidics.
Dynamic trading decision support system using rule selector based on genetic algorithms (2002)

We propose a dynamic trading decision support system (DTDSS) capable of selecting a near optimal rule combination for each time interval. The system provides buying, holding and selling signals from which a decision can be made based on which signal exceeds a predetermined threshold. These signals are obtained by extracting features from various stock indices using rule inference network based on AND/OR graphs. We show that simply applying an identical rule combination to all time intervals is insufficient in making quality decision. In DTDSS, an intelligent rule selector (GARS) using genetic algorithms and a moving window scheme are combined to determine an optimal rule combination for each different time interval. Experimental results on Taiwan stock exchange weighted stock index (TSEWSI) show that DTDSS outperforms the simple "buy and hold" strategy. Trading decision support systems with OARS are shown to yield much more profits than otherwise without OARS.
Wireless Access Network Architecture and Virtualization Scenarios for Next-Generation Mobile Communication Networks (2012)

차세대 모바일 인터넷의 진화에 따라 2G, 3G, 4G, B4G 이동통신 무선접속네트워크가 공존하게 되며, 기존의 통신 서비스 제공자들은 통합 서비스 제공자로 융합되고, 다수의 가상 서비스 제공자들이 발생하게 될 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 복잡한 미래의 융합 서비스를 제공하기 위해서 미래 인터넷에서는 무선 액세스 네트워크가 융합되고 다양한 서비스 제공자들에 의해 공유되는 무선 네트워크 가상화가 필수적이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 미래 무선 액세스 네트워크 상에서 여러 서비스 제공자들의 다양한 무선 액세스 기술들이 유연하게 통합 운영될 수 있는 무선 액세스 네트워크 가상화를 위한 망 구조와 가상화 시나리오에 대해서 고찰한다. 본 논문에서 도출된 차세대 이동통신 네트워크를 위한 무선 액세스 망 구조 및 가상화 시나리오는 앞으로 무선 액세스 네트워크 가상화 알고리즘 개발을 위한 기틀 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In accordance with evolution of next-generation mobile Internet, 2G, 3G, 4G, and B4G mobile communication wireless access networks will be co-existed and service providers will be merged as an integrated service provider. In addition, multiple virtual service operators will appear. In order to provide complicated unified-services, in the future Internet, wireless network virtualization where network resource is shared by various service operators is necessary. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate network architectures and virtualization scenarios for wireless access network virtualization where various wireless access technologies are flexibly operated by multiple service providers over next-generation wireless access networks. We expect that the virtualization scenario and network architecture yielded from this study can play a role as a basis for development of wireless access network virtualization algorithms.
Repair of Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced DNA Adducts and Lung Cancer Risk: a Molecular Epidemiologic Study (2000)

The results provide evidence that low DRC is associated with increased risk of lung cancer. The findings from this hospital-based, case-control study should be validated in prospective studies.
The tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 and transcriptional adaptor CBP/p300 are coactivators for Smad3 in TGF-β-induced transcriptional activation (1998)

Smads regulate transcription of defined genes in response to TGF-beta receptor activation, although the mechanisms of Smad-mediated transcription are not well understood. We demonstrate that the TGF-beta-inducible Smad3 uses the tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 and CBP/p300 as transcriptional coactivators, which associate with Smad3 in response to TGF-beta. The association of CBP with Smad3 was localized to the carboxyl terminus of Smad3, which is required for transcriptional activation, and a defined segment in CBP. Furthermore, CBP/p300 stimulated both TGF-beta- and Smad-induced transcription in a Smad4/DPC4-dependent fashion. Smad3 transactivation and TGF-beta-induced transcription were inhibited by expressing E1A, which interferes with CBP functions. The coactivator functions and physical interactions of Smad4 and CBP/p300 with Smad3 allow a model for the induction of gene expression in response to TGF-beta.
Optimization of survey protocols for mri (1990)

A method for evaluating the sensitivity of MRI protocols to changes in an arbitrary number of tissue parameters over a broad range of parameter values is presented. This analysis is useful for choosing an optimal basis set of images for either a "survey" protocol or tissue segmentation algorithms. A survey protocol is required when searching for a lesion of unknown type or location. Segmentation requires unique signal signatures for tissues that may cover a broad range of tissue parameter values. Data acquisition is modeled as a mapping of a domain of tissue parameter values into a signal manifold in a signal strength space defined by the MRI protocol. The efficacy of the protocol is evaluated by investigating the characteristics of the signal manifold. A figure of merit which maximizes the probability of discriminating each point in the domain of tissue parameters from all others is developed.
Synthesis of <sup>15</sup>N-Enriched Pseudouridine Derivatives (2003)

[reaction: see text]. A procedure for the chemical synthesis of [3-15N]-labeled pseudouridine and a methylated derivative was developed. A suitably protected pseudouridine precursor was nitrated at N3 followed by treatment with 15NH4Cl to afford the 15N-labeled product in six steps with a 20% yield. This methodology will allow for the production of RNAs with [3-15N]pseudouridine and [3-15N-methyl]pseudouridine at specific locations.
Solution polymerization of selected polyphosphazenes (1989)

Abstract Several alkoxy/aryloxy‐substituted phosphazene polymers [P(OR) 2  N] n , where R = C 6 H 5 , CH 2 CF 3 , C 8 H 10 , were prepared by the reaction of polydichlorophosphazene with their corresponding sodium salts. The polydichlorophosphazene was obtained by the solution polymerization of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene in 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene. Sulfamic acid and ammonium sulfamate were used as catalysts. Apparently, sulfamic acid functions as a catalyst through its acid group in some decomposed form. New catalysts, p ‐toluenesulfonic acid and sulfobenzoic aicd, have been developed for this solution polymerization. The polymerization favors a cationic mechanism. A promoter, CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O, was found to speed up the polymerization reaction. Effect of several parameters such as dilution, catalyst concentration, and promoter concentration on the properties of the final polymer were investigated. The polymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and 31 P solution NMR spectroscopy.
Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies (1992)

This book is a serious challenge to those who believe that only broad-based, state funded mega-projects constitute genuine preventive initiatives.
Comparative Analysis of Chromosome-Encoded Microcins (2006)

Microcins are ribosomally synthesized peptide antibiotics that are produced by enterobacterial strains. Although the first studies concentrated on plasmid-encoded activities, in the last years three chromosome-encoded microcins have been described: H47, E492, and M. Here, a new microcin, I47, is presented as a fourth member of this group. Common features exhibited by chromosome-encoded microcins were searched for. The comparison of the genetic clusters responsible for microcin production revealed a preserved general scheme. The clusters essentially comprise a pair of activity-immunity genes which determine antibiotic specificity and a set of microcin maturation and secretion genes which are invariably present and whose protein products are highly homologous among the different producing strains. A strict functional relationship between the maturation and secretion pathways of microcins H47, I47, and E492 was demonstrated through genetic analyses, which included heterologous complementation assays. The peptide precursors of these microcins share a maturation process which implies the addition of a catecholate siderophore of the salmochelin type. Microcins thus acquire the ability to enter gram-negative cells through the catechol receptors. In addition, they employ a common mode of secretion to reach the external milieu by means of a type I export apparatus. The results presented herein lead us to propose that chromosome-encoded microcins constitute a defined subgroup of peptide antibiotics which are strictly related by their modes of synthesis, secretion, and uptake.
Oxide Complexes in Alkali--Alkaline-Earth Chloride Melts. (1991)

The solubilities of alkaline-earth oxides in alkali-alkaline-earth chloride, NaCl−MCl 2 , melts are presented. The oxide solubility increases markedly with the MCl 2 concentration and with increasing size of the alkaline-earth ion
Metoclopramide Stimulates Prolactin Secretion in Man (1976)

Serum prolactin concentrations increased approximately 6-fold after oral or intravenous administration of 10 mg of metoclopramide to adult men. Prolactin remained significantly elevated up to 9 h after oral metoclopramide and for at least 2 h after iv metoclopramide. Bethanechol did not increase serum prolactin, and atropine did not inhibit metoclopramide-induced prolactin elevation, suggesting that the cholinergic-like properties of metoclopramide were not responsible for the observed prolactin responses. Pre-treatment with 500 mg L-dopa inhibited the early metoclopramide-induced prolactin increase, which is consistent with the possibility that metoclopramide acts by inhibiting dopamine-mediated hypothalamic secretion of prolactin inhibitory factor. As a potent stimulus of prolactin release, metoclopramide may be useful in clinical investigation of hypothalamic-pituitary function.
Evidence for a Single-Stranded Adenovirus-Associated Virus Genome: Isolation and Separation of Complementary Single Strands (1970)

Single-stranded adenovirus-associated virus type 2 deoxyribonucleic acid (AAV-2 DNA) has been isolated from the virion after enzymatic pretreatment of the particles by heating at 53 C for 1 hr in 0.015 m NaCl plus 0.0015 m sodium citrate in the presence of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Double-stranded AAV-2 DNA present as a marker is not denatured by this treatment. AAV-2 single-stranded DNA is composed of two complementary species which can be separated in neutral CsCl when 5-bromodeoxyuridine has been substituted for thymidine in the DNA. The present report is the first documented instance of the separation of complementary strands of an animal virus DNA.
A 42 mW 200 fs-Jitter 60 GHz Sub-Sampling PLL in 40 nm CMOS (2015)

A 60 GHz sub-sampling PLL implemented in 40 nm CMOS is presented in this paper. The sub-sampling phase detector (SSPD) runs at 30 GHz after an inductively-peaked static divide-by-two. Thanks to the lower frequency of operation, the effect of non-zero sampling aperture of the switch is minimized. A dummy divider of the quadrature PLL is utilized for the sub-sampling loop to avoid extra loading in the 60 GHz path. A 53.8-63.3 GHz QVCO uses super-harmonic coupling at 120 GHz for relaxed headroom at a 0.9 V supply and achieves a free-running phase noise down to -94.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The millimeter-wave sub-sampling PLL achieves an RMS jitter, integrated from 1 kHz to 100 MHz, of 200 fs at a power consumption of 42 mW, compared to 210 fs for the PFD/CP PLL at 75 mW. Reference spurs in both modes are below -40 dBc.
Energy loss spectroscopy of RuO2 thin films (1997)

The dielectric constant and the reflectivity spectrum of polycrystalline RuO2 films, grown by pulsed laser deposition, are presented as deduced by optical reflection and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The similarities of these spectra with those obtained on single crystals, suggest that the production of RuO2 by laser ablation is a very good tool in obtaining films with electronic and structural characteristics equivalent to those of the bulk material.