gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bifunctional Platinum(<scp>II</scp>) Complex Capable of Intercalation and Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions with DNA: Binding Studies and Cytotoxicity (2003)

The interactions of [Pt(CNN)(4-dpt)]PF(6), (1; 4-dpt=2,4-diamino-6-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine, HCNN=6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine) with double-stranded DNA, poly(dA-dT)(2), and poly(dG-dC)(2) were examined by spectroscopic, electrophoretic, and hydrodynamic methods. The spectroscopic data were analyzed with McGhee, van't Hoff, and Gibbs-Helmholtz equations. In a comparative study, [Pt(CNN)(py)]PF(6) (2; py=pyridine) was prepared and the nature of its binding towards DNA was investigated [preliminary results: ChemBioChem 2003, 4, 62-68]. For reactions with calf thymus DNA at 20 degrees C, the intrinsic binding constants for 1 and 2 are (4.6+/-0.2)x10(5) and (2.3+/-0.3)x10(4) mol(-1) dm(3), respectively. Results of DNA-binding reactions revealed that 1 and 2 preferentially bind to the AT sequence of duplex DNA. Intercalation is the preferred binding mode for 2, whereas both intercalation and minor-groove binding are observed for 1. Complex 1 is cytotoxic against a number of carcinoma cell lines, including KB-3-1, CNE-3, and HepG2, and remains potent against multidrug- or cisplatin-resistant KB-V-1 and CNE1 cell lines, for which the resistance ratios are 1.6 and 1.5, respectively. Importantly, 1 is almost an order of magnitude less toxic to the normal cell line CCD-19Lu (IC(50)=176+/-1.7 microM) and it selectively induced apoptosis leading to cancer cell death with less than 5 % detectable necrosis.
Substance P Promotes Susceptibility to<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Keratitis in Resistant Mice: Anti-inflammatory Mediators Downregulated (2008)

These data provide evidence that the neuropeptide SP, among its broad systemic effects, is a potent neuroimmunoregulator that promotes susceptibility in the resistant BALB/c mouse by overcoming the anti-inflammatory effects of VIP and IL-10 and that a balance between SP and VIP levels may be critical in disease resolution.
SHUSH: A MAC Protocol for Transmit Power Controlled Wireless Networks ; CU-CS-986-04 (2004)

A large number of MAC protocols have been proposed that allow transmit power control on a per packet basis to reduce power consumption of the nodes in a wireless ad-hoc network.Power control leads to the undesirable effect of increasing the number of hidden terminals in the network as well as increasing the unfairness in channel access.A common solution proposed by power controlled MAC protocols to date is to transmit the RTS/CTS frames at maximum transmit power.This approach partially solves the problem of reducing the number of hidden terminals, but sacrifices spatial reuse of the network and also reduces the aggregate throughput of the network.In this paper we present a new power controlled MAC protocol, SHUSH, which as the name suggests SHUSHes the interferer of an ongoing conversation.We evaluate the performance of SHUSH in comparison to four other transmit power controlled MAC protocols and demonstrate that SHUSH achieves superior aggregate goodput, spatial reuse, fairness, and minimal energy consumption while overcoming the general hidden terminal effect.
Automatic recognition of touch gestures in the corpus of social touch (2016)

For an artifact such as a robot or a virtual agent to respond appropriately to human social touch behavior, it should be able to automatically detect and recognize touch. This paper describes the data collection of CoST: Corpus of Social Touch, a data set containing 7805 captures of 14 different social touch gestures. All touch gestures were performed in three variants: gentle, normal and rough on a pressure sensor grid wrapped around a mannequin arm. Recognition of these 14 gesture classes using various classifiers yielded accuracies up to 60 %; moreover, gentle gestures proved to be harder to classify than normal and rough gestures. We further investigated how different classifiers, interpersonal differences, gesture confusions and gesture variants affected the recognition accuracy. Finally, we present directions for further research to ensure proper transfer of the touch modality from interpersonal interaction to areas such as human–robot interaction (HRI).
Enhancing the Intestinal Membrane Permeability of Zanamivir: A Carrier Mediated Prodrug Approach (2011)

The purpose of this study was to improve the membrane permeability and oral absorption of the poorly permeable anti-influenza agent, zanamivir. The poor oral bioavailability is attributed to the high polarity (cLogP ∼ -5) resulting from the polar and zwitterionic nature of zanamivir. In order to improve the permeability of zanamivir, prodrugs with amino acids were developed to target the intestinal membrane transporter, hPepT1. Several acyloxy ester prodrugs of zanamivir conjugated with amino acids were synthesized and characterized. The prodrugs were evaluated for their chemical stability in buffers at various pHs and for their transport and tissue activation by enzymes. The acyloxy ester prodrugs of zanamivir were shown to competitively inhibit [(3)H]Gly-Sar uptake in Caco-2 cells (IC(50): 1.19 ± 0.33 mM for L-valyl prodrug of zanamivir). The L-valyl prodrug of zanamivir exhibited ∼3-fold higher uptake in transfected HeLa/hPepT1 cells compared to wild type HeLa cells, suggesting, at least in part, carrier mediated transport by the hPepT1 transporter. Further, enhanced transcellular permeability of prodrugs across Caco-2 monolayer compared to the parent drug (P(app) = 2.24 × 10(-6) ± 1.33 × 10(-7) cm/s for L-valyl prodrug of zanamivir), with only parent zanamivir appearing in the receiver compartment, indicates that the prodrugs exhibited both enhanced transport and activation in intestinal mucosal cells. Most significantly, several of these prodrugs exhibited high intestinal jejunal membrane permeability, similar to metoprolol, in the in situ rat intestinal perfusion system, a system highly correlated with human jejunal permeability. In summary, this mechanistic targeted prodrug strategy, to enhance oral absorption via intestinal membrane carriers such as hPepT1, followed by activation to parent drug (active pharmaceutical ingredient or API) in the mucosal cell, significantly improves the intestinal epithelial cell permeability of zanamivir and has the potential to provide the high oral bioavailability necessary for oral zanamivir therapy.
Utilizing the Virtualization Technology in Computer Operating System Teaching (2016)

As the course of computer operating system requires students to understand the interactions between computer systems, users and hardware platform, this paper concentrates on the problem of using the virtualization technology in computer operating system teaching. Particularly, virtualization technology is designed to simulate the real computer hardware environment, and then make the operating system run in a virtual computer environment. Because the virtual machine software can simulate real computer hardware equipment, several operating systems are supported, such as Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Unix etc. The main idea of this paper is to utilize the VMware software in operating system teaching. VMware provides a completely virtualized set of hardware for a specific operating system. Afterwards, we discuss how to design and implement an experimental platform with multiple operating systems based on VMware.
Crude Oil Price Prediction using Artificial Neural Network (2020)

Crude oil is amongst the most important resources in today’s world, it is the chief fuel and its cost has a direct effect on the global habitat, our economy and oil exploration, exploitation and other activities. Prediction of oil prices has become the need of the hour, it is a boon to many large and small industries, individuals, the government. The evaporative nature of crude oil, its price prediction becomes extremely difficult and it is hard to be precise with the same. Several different factors that affect crude oil prices. We propose a contemporary and innovative method of predicting crude oil prices using the artificial neural network (ANN). The main advantage of this approach of ANN is that it continuously captures the unstable pattern of the crude oil prices which have been incorporated by finding out the optimal lag and number of the delay effect that controls the prices of crude oil. Variation of lag in a period of time has been done for the most optimum and close results, we then have validated our results by evaluating the root mean square error and the results obtained using the proposed model have significantly outperformed.
Functional Polymorphism of the KIR3DL1/S1 Receptor on Human NK Cells (2007)

NK cells express both inhibitory and activatory receptors that allow them to recognize target cells through HLA class I Ag expression. KIR3DL1 is a receptor that recognizes the HLA-Bw4 public epitope of HLA-B alleles. We demonstrate that polymorphism within the KIR3DL1 receptor has functional consequences in terms of NK cell recognition of target. Inhibitory alleles of KIR3DL1 differ in their ability to recognize HLA-Bw4 ligand, and a consistent hierarchy of ligand reactivity can be defined. KIR3DS1, which segregates as an allele of KIR3DL1, has a short cytoplasmic tail characteristic of activatory receptors. Because it is very similar to KIR3DL1 in the extracellular domains, it has been assumed that KIR3DS1 will recognize a HLA-Bw4 ligand. In this study, we demonstrate that KIR3DS1 is expressed as a protein at the cell surface of NK cells, where it is recognized by the Z27 Ab. Using this Ab, we found that KIR3DS1 is expressed on a higher percentage of NK cells in KIR3DS1 homozygous compared with heterozygous donors. In contrast to the inhibitory KIR3DL1 allotypes, KIR3DS1 did not recognize HLA-Bw4 on EBV-transformed cell lines.
Fast coupled adaptation for sparse channels using a partial Haar transform (2004)

The paper presents a novel scheme for identifying the impulse response of a sparse channel. The scheme consists of two adaptive filters operating sequentially. The first adaptive filter adapts using a partial Haar transform of the input and yields an estimate of the location of the peak of the sparse impulse response. The second adaptive filter is then centered about this estimate. Both filters are short in comparison to the delay uncertainty of the unknown channel. The principle advantage of this scheme is that two short adaptive filters can be used instead of one long adaptive filter, resulting in faster overall convergence and reduced computational complexity and storage.
Nonlinear spectroscopy and passive Q-switching operation of a Co^2+ :LaMgAl_11O_19 crystal (1999)

A pump–probe technique with picosecond resolution was used to record and derive the differential and excited-state absorption (ESA) spectra of a Co2+:LaMgAl11O19 (LMA) single crystal in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. Time resolution allowed us to observe ESA bands that can be assigned to a 4T2(4F)→4T1(4P) optical transition and to transitions from the thermally populated 2E(2G) excited state to doublet levels that arise from the 2F free-ion level of the tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ ion. Intensity-dependent transmission measurements were also carried out at 1.34 and 1.54 µm. Passive Q switching of Nd3+:YAlO3 (1.34-µm) and of Er3+:glass (1.54-µm) lasers by use of the Co2+:LMA crystal as a saturable absorber was demonstrated. The pulse durations (energies) of the Q-switched Nd3+:YAlO3 and Er3+:glass lasers were found to be 75 ns (3.8 mJ) and 50 ns (4.5 mJ), respectively.
Kinetics of emulsion polymerization (1967)

Abstract The quantitative theory of the free‐radical mechanism in emulsion polymerization is reexamined. A mechanism involving desorption and reabsorption of radicals is discussed. The average number of radicals per particle has been calculated as a function of three parameters. A simplified, approximate solution for the average number of radicals per particle is given for cases where this number is low.
Influence of Water Temperature and Salinity on Sand Ejection of Manila Clam, Ruditapes philippinarum (2005)

In this study, the influence of water temperature and salinity on sand ejection of Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, was investigated. The result showed that, under different water temperature, the highest quantity of sand ejection was at , the value of which was 0.091 g, while the smallest one was only 0.058 g at 0. The highest releasing rate, 95.79%, could be seen in group, while group was the lowest one, 85.29%. Under different salinity, 30 psu group had the highest value, 0.057 g, and 0 psu (freshwater) group was the lowest one, only 0.026 g. At the same time, the highest releasing rate appeared at 25 psu, which was 90%. 0 psu group was the lowest one in releasing rate, 60.47%. According to these results, we recommend that the clams should be placed into the clear seawater with about 25 psu of salinity at near to let the clams perform the self-depuration. Better quality of clams containing less impurity in the aquaculture and commerce could be obtained from this pre-treatment.
Angiogenesis in vivo and selective mobilization of capillary endothelium in vitro by heparin-copper complex. (1984)

The objective of this work was to contribute to the interpretation of the mechanisms of capillary formation in the adult tissues. We have observed that the heparin-copper complex is angiogenic in vivo and stimulates migration of capillary endothelium in vitro. This effect is specific for capillary endothelium since aortic endothelium or fibroblasts from the rabbit cornea or human skin were unresponsive.
Pharmacological Studies on 6-Amidino-2-Naphthyl[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl) amino] Benzoate Dimethane Sulfonate (FUT-187). I: Inhibitory Activities on Various Kinds of Enzymes In Vitro and Anticomplement Activity In Vivo (1990)

FUT-187, a newly synthesized compound, was studied on its inhibitory activities mainly on proteolytic enzymes, in comparison with those of FUT-175 and FOY-305, known serine protease inhibitors. FUT-187, as well as FUT-175 and FOY-305, had selective inhibitory activities on serine proteases including Clr, CIs, kallikrein, trypsin, piasmin and thrombin; its activities on these enzymes except Clr and pancreatic kallikrein were relatively lower than those of FUT-175 and FOY-305. Further studies were conducted focusing on complement-mediated reactions. In spite of its lower activities against Clr and CIs, inhibitions by FUT-187 on the complement-mediated hemolysis in vitro and in vivo were only a little weaker than or equivalent to that of FUT-175. FOY-305 was ineffective in these tests. Forssman shock in guinea pigs is known to be initiated by the activation of the complement system. The protective effect of intravenous or oral FUT-187 against this shock was definitely superior to that of FUT-175. Furthermore, FUT-187 inhibited changes accompanied with Forssman shock, such as increase in lung weight, the decrease in platelet counts and CH50, and histopathological changes. These results suggested that FUT-187 should be a more potent oral therapeutic agent than FUT-175 for various inflammatory diseases attributed to the excessive activation of the complement system followed by platelet aggregation.
Phoma proboscis sp. nov. pathogenic on Convolvulus arvensis (1990)

Volume: 36
Enhancing Solar Cell Efficiencies through 1-D Nanostructures (2008)

Abstract The current global energy problem can be attributed to insufficient fossil fuel supplies and excessive greenhouse gas emissions resulting from increasing fossil fuel consumption. The huge demand for clean energy potentially can be met by solar-to-electricity conversions. The large-scale use of solar energy is not occurring due to the high cost and inadequate efficiencies of existing solar cells. Nanostructured materials have offered new opportunities to design more efficient solar cells, particularly one-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials for enhancing solar cell efficiencies. These 1-D nanostructures, including nanotubes, nanowires, and nanorods, offer significant opportunities to improve efficiencies of solar cells by facilitating photon absorption, electron transport, and electron collection; however, tremendous challenges must be conquered before the large-scale commercialization of such cells. This review specifically focuses on the use of 1-D nanostructures for enhancing solar cell efficiencies. Other nanostructured solar cells or solar cells based on bulk materials are not covered in this review. Major topics addressed include dye-sensitized solar cells, quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells, and p-n junction solar cells.
Heat Transfer of an IGBT Module Integrated With a Vapor Chamber (2011)

Presently, many methods are adopted to reduce the junction-to-case thermal resistance (Rjc) of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules in order to increase their power density. One of these approaches is to enhance the heat spreading capability of the base plate (heat spreader) of an IGBT module using a vapor chamber (VC). In this paper, both experimental measurement and thermal modeling are conducted on a VC-based IGBT module and two copper-plate-based IGBT modules. The experimental data show that Rjc of the VC-based IGBT module decreases substantially with the increase in the heat load of the IGBT. Rjc of the VC-based IGBT module is ∼50% of that of the 3 mm copper-plate-based IGBT module after it saturates at a heat load level of ∼200 W. The transient time of the VC-based IGBT module is also shorter than the copper-plate-based IGBT modules since the VC has higher heat spreading capability. The quicker responses of the VC-based IGBT module to reach its saturated temperature during the start-up can avoid a possible power surge. In the thermal modeling, the vapor is substituted as a solid conductor with extremely high thermal conductivity. Hence, the two-phase flow thermal modeling of the VC is simplified as a one-phase thermal conductive modeling. A thermal circuit model is also built for the VC-based IGBT module. Both the thermal modeling and thermal circuit results match well with the experimental data.
A dynamic body-biased SRAM with asymmetric halo implant MOSFETs (2011)

In this paper, we propose an SRAM macro that realizes 0.5V operation by combining a device technique with simple design architecture. Regarding the device technique, we utilize asymmetric halo implant MOSFETs, which enables to enhance both the static noise margin and write margin of SRAM, simultaneously. As for the design technique, dynamic body-bias scheme which operates body bias dynamically is introduced to overcome the speed degradation due to lower supply voltage. Showing measured data fabricated on 45nm CMOS technology, we demonstrate a plausible scenario for achieving 0.5V operating SoC products.
Locus-Wide Chromatin Remodeling and Enhanced Androgen Receptor-Mediated Transcription in Recurrent Prostate Tumor Cells (2006)

Prostate cancers (PCas) become resistant to hormone withdrawal through increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Here we show increased AR-mediated transcription efficiency in PCa cells that have acquired the ability to grow in low concentrations of androgen. Compared to androgen-dependent PCa cells, these cells showed increased activity of transiently transfected reporters and increased mRNA synthesis relative to levels of AR occupancy of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene. The locus also displayed up to 10-fold-higher levels of histone H3-K9/K14 acetylation and H3-K4 methylation across the entire body of the gene. Although similar increased mRNA expression and locus-wide histone acetylation were also observed at another kallikrein locus (KLK2), at a third AR target locus (TMPRSS2) increased gene expression and locus-wide histone acetylation were not seen in the absence of ligand. Androgen-independent PCa cells have thus evolved three distinctive alterations in AR-mediated transcription. First, increased RNA polymerase initiation and processivity contributed to increased gene expression. Second, AR signaling was more sensitive to ligand. Third, locus-wide chromatin remodeling conducive to the increased gene expression in the absence of ligand was apparent and depended on sustained AR activity. Therefore, increased AR ligand sensitivity as well as locus-specific chromatin alterations contribute to basal gene expression of a subpopulation of specific AR target genes in androgen-independent PCa cells. These features contribute to the androgen-independent phenotype of these cells.
Room temperature Dy:YLF laser operation at 4.34 mu m (1991)

A Dy:YLF laser operating on the /sup 6/H/sub 11/2/ to /sup 6/H/sub 13/2/ transition at 4.34 mu m and using a laser pumping scheme is reported. This pumping scheme is necessitated by the short upper-laser-level lifetime and the small effective stimulated-emission cross section. A suitable laser for this application is the Er:YLF laser operating at 1.73 mu m. A simple model that approximates Dy:YLF laser performance well is presented. Results on laser performance, including a determination of the slope efficiency and threshold as a function of the output mirror reflectivity and a correlation of the pulse length with the laser output energy, are reported. Overall laser efficiency is found to be limited primarily by the ratio of the pump wavelength to laser output wavelength and the terminated four-level laser operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Template detection via data mining and its applications (2002)

We formulate and propose the template detection problem, and suggest a practical solution for it based on counting frequent item sets. We show that the use of templates is pervasive on the web. We describe three principles, which characterize the assumptions made by hypertext information retrieval (IR) and data mining (DM) systems, and show that templates are a major source of violation of these principles. As a consequence, basic "pure" implementations of simple search algorithms coupled with template detection and elimination show surprising increases in precision at all levels of recall.