gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possible use of urinary modified RNA metabolites in the measurement of RNA turnover in the human body. (1986)

Modified building blocks are found in rRNA, tRNA and mRNA. Apart from pseudouridine these are mostly base- or ribose-methylated nucleosides. If these compounds are neither recycled nor degraded, they should be quantitatively excreted. For pseudouridine (Weissman et al., 1962; Dugaiczyk & Eiler, 1966) and 7-methylguanine (Craddock, Mattocks & Magee, 1968), urinary excretion has been shown to be quantitative. Since the turnover rates of rRNA and tRNA, which contain most of the modified nucleosides, are similar within a given tissue, compounds found only in these two classes of RNA should appear in urine in approximately the proportions in which they are present in the body. Using pseudouridine as internal standard, we show this indeed to be likely for one of the major RNA catabolites in human urine, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, a compound present only in tRNA. By contrast, 7-methylguanine is excreted in threefold larger amounts than can be explained by joint provenance from tRNA and rRNA only; the remainder we assume to come from the 'cap' structure of mRNA, known for its high turnover. We suggest that one can use the urinary excretion of pseudouridine, N2,N2-dimethylguan(os)ine and 7-methylguanine to assess the whole-body turnover rates in man of rRNA, tRNA and mRNA, respectively. Such data may be useful to define whole-body metabolic activity.
Linear Dynamic Recursive Estimation from the Viewpoint of Regression Analysis (1972)

Abstract A large class of useful multivariate recursive time series models and estimation methods has appeared in the engineering literature. Despite the interest and utility which this recursive work has when viewed as an extension of regression analysis, little of it has reached statisticians working in regression. To overcome this we (a) present the relevant random-β regression theory as a natural extension of conventional fixed-β regression theory and (b) derive the optimal recursive estimators in terms of the extended regression theory for a typical form of the recursive model. This also opens the way for further developments in recursive estimation, which are more tractable in the regression approach and will be presented in future papers.
Disordering of InGaAs/InP superlattice and fabrication of quantum wires by focused Ga ion beam (1991)

The disordering and compositional change of the InGaAs/InP superlattice by the Ga ion beam was investigated, and using the effect, quantum wires were fabricated by focused Ga ion beam. The analysis of Raman scattering shows that in the implanted region intermixing, i.e., alloying takes place in such a way that the intermixed In1−xGaxAsyP1−y alloy has the compositions of alloy with the lattice constant nearly equal to that of InP, although at higher doses the compositions x and y become smaller due to larger interdiffusion. Focused Ga ion beam of 100 kV was irradiated in lines onto InP (350 Å)/InGaAs (50 Å)/InP (500 Å) single quantum well at doses of 1×1013 –1×1014 cm−2. Implanted samples were annealed at 650–670 °C for 60 min. The photoluminescence measurements at 30 K for wires with various widths show that with decreasing wire width the luminescence peak energy increases nearly following the change of the quantum levels in the potential well calculated by taking into account lateral straggling of implanted Ga ions. The implanted and alloyed regions are confirmed to act as potential barriers by which carriers are confined.
Genome-wide association study identified ITPA/DDRGK1 variants reflecting thrombocytopenia in pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C (2011)

Hematologic abnormalities during current therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) often necessitate dose reduction and premature withdrawal from therapy. The aim of this study was to identify host factors associated with IFN-induced thrombocytopenia by genome-wide association study (GWAS). In the GWAS stage using 900K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays, 303 Japanese CHC patients treated with PEG-IFN/RBV therapy were genotyped. One SNP (rs11697186) located on DDRGK1 gene on chromosome 20 showed strong associations in the minor-allele-dominant model with the decrease of platelet counts in response to PEG-IFN/RBV therapy [P = 8.17 × 10(-9); odds ratio (OR) = 4.6]. These associations were replicated in another sample set (n = 391) and the combined P-values reached 5.29 × 10(-17) (OR = 4.5). Fine mapping with 22 SNPs around DDRGK1 and ITPA genes showed that rs11697186 at the GWAS stage had a strong linkage disequilibrium with rs1127354, known as a functional variant in the ITPA gene. The ITPA-AA/CA genotype was independently associated with a higher degree of reduction in platelet counts at week 4 (P < 0.0001), as well as protection against the reduction in hemoglobin, whereas the CC genotype had significantly less reduction in the mean platelet counts compared with the AA/CA genotype (P < 0.0001 for weeks 2, 4, 8, 12), due to a reactive increase of the platelet count through weeks 1-4. Our present results may provide a valuable pharmacogenetic diagnostic tool for tailoring PEG-IFN/RBV dosing to minimize drug-induced adverse events.
Zone-melting-recrystallization silicon-on-insulator technology (1987)

The author describes the zone-melting recrystallization (ZMR) technique and the crystallographic properties of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) films. He reviews the devices and circuits fabricated in these films, discusses their radiation hardness, and considers the prospects of the graphite-strip-heater technology for achieving commercialization.
Defining architecture components of the Big Data Ecosystem (2014)

Big Data are becoming a new technology focus both in science and in industry and motivate technology shift to data centric architecture and operational models. There is a vital need to define the basic information/semantic models, architecture components and operational models that together comprise a socalled Big Data Ecosystem. This paper discusses a nature of Big Data that may originate from different scientific, industry and social activity domains and proposes improved Big Data definition that includes the following parts: Big Data properties (also called Big Data 5V: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Value and Veracity), data models and structures, data analytics, infrastructure and security. The paper discusses paradigm change from traditional host or service based to data centric architecture and operational models in Big Data. The Big Data Architecture Framework (BDAF) is proposed to address all aspects of the Big Data Ecosystem and includes the following components: Big Data Infrastructure, Big Data Analytics, Data structures and models, Big Data Lifecycle Management, Big Data Security. The paper analyses requirements to and provides suggestions how the mentioned above components can address the main Big Data challenges. The presented work intends to provide a consolidated view of the Big Data phenomena and related challenges to modern technologies, and initiate wide discussion.
Twinning in Nepal: the Royal College of Midwives UK and the Midwifery Society of Nepal working in partnership (2015)

The midwifery association of the United Kingdom, the Royal College of Midwives (RCM), has twinned with the Midwifery Society of Nepal (MIDSON) to help strengthen the latter association, through its Global Midwifery Twinning Project (GMTP). The GMTP aims to strengthen midwifery and develop leadership, advocacy, and campaigning skills both at the level of the association and at the individual midwife level. Reciprocity is an important aspect of twinning as the RCM also hopes to strengthen midwifery in the UK through greater engagement of its members and a raised profile of global maternal and new-born health. This paper describes the importance of collaboration between established national midwifery organisations and newly established ones. It includes a case study outlining the experience of a UK midwifery volunteer in Nepal. The paper ends with some thoughts on the effects of the GMTP project on midwifery in Nepal.
Removal of Malachite Green and Congo Red Dyes from Water by Polyacrylonitrile Carbon Fibre Sorbents (2019)

Abstract The present work was aimed at evaluating the adsorption properties of malachite green and congo red dyes by polyacrylonitrile carbon fibre sorbents. The sorbents were activated and oxidized using potassium hydroxide and ammonium persulfate, respectively at mild conditions. Consequently, the sorbents were characterized for surface area, surface functional groups and thermal decomposition. The activated sorbent displayed a 18.8 mg/g (94 %) of malachite green removal at Co = 20 mg/L, while both modified sorbents showed a 17.5 mg/g (87.5 %) removal of congo red at the same concentration. All sorbents showed a rapid equilibrium of malachite green and congo red dyes in water. Also, the sorbents are somewhat tolerable against different solution pH conditions despite a slight change due to possible electrostatic interactions. Thus, the materials could be successfully employed to treat dyes-laden wastewater.
Vibrated beds: New tools for heat transfer (1988)

The mobility and porosity of a bed of granular solids, which is a few centimeters deep, can be increased by externally vibrating the bed vertically at frequencies usually between 10 and 100 Hertz (Hz). As an initially stationary bed is subjected to an increasing intensity of vibration, particles within the bed will eventually become mobile and a particle circulation pattern is developed within the bed. As the bed porosity increases, the bed may eventually become ''fluid-like''. In this work, beds of granular solids that are mobilized and transformed into a fluid-like state through the use of external mechanical vibrations alone are called vibrated beds; the method of producing this state is referred to as vibrofluidization.
Towards Automatic Abdominal Multi-Organ Segmentation in Dual Energy CT using Cascaded 3D Fully Convolutional Network (2017)

Automatic multi-organ segmentation of the dual energy computed tomography (DECT) data can be beneficial for biomedical research and clinical applications. However, it is a challenging task. Recent advances in deep learning showed the feasibility to use 3-D fully convolutional networks (FCN) for voxel-wise dense predictions in single energy computed tomography (SECT). In this paper, we proposed a 3D FCN based method for automatic multi-organ segmentation in DECT. The work was based on a cascaded FCN and a general model for the major organs trained on a large set of SECT data. We preprocessed the DECT data by using linear weighting and fine-tuned the model for the DECT data. The method was evaluated using 42 torso DECT data acquired with a clinical dual-source CT system. Four abdominal organs (liver, spleen, left and right kidneys) were evaluated. Cross-validation was tested. Effect of the weight on the accuracy was researched. In all the tests, we achieved an average Dice coefficient of 93% for the liver, 90% for the spleen, 91% for the right kidney and 89% for the left kidney, respectively. The results show our method is feasible and promising.
Extraction of effective parameters of turbid media utilizing the Mueller matrix approach: study of glucose sensing (2012)

An analytical technique based on Stokes polarimetry and the Mueller matrix method is proposed for extracting the effective linear birefringence, linear dichroism, circular birefringence, circular dichroism, linear depolarization, and circular depolarization properties of turbid media. In contrast to existing analytical models, the model proposed extracts the effective parameters in a decoupled manner and considers not only the circular dichroism properties of the sample, but also the depolarization properties. The results show that the proposed method enables all of the effective parameters to be measured over the full range. Moreover, it is shown that the extracted value of the depolarization index is unaffected by the order in which the depolarizing Mueller matrix is decomposed during the extraction procedure. Finally, a method is proposed for calibrating the optical rotation angle of a polystyrene microsphere suspension containing dissolved D-glucose (C6H12O6) powder in accordance with the distance between the sample and the detector. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the resulting D-glucose measurement is equal to approximately 1.73 deg/M.
Using data mining and recommender systems to scale up the requirements process (2008)

Ultra-Large-Scale (ULS) software projects are anticipated to be highly complex and to involve thousands, or even hundreds of thousands of stakeholders. Unfortunately numerous accounts of recent failures and challenges in industrial and governmental projects have demonstrated that current requirements elicitation and prioritization practices do not scale adequately to address the needs of large projects. This position paper directly addresses this problem through proposing an open, inclusive, and robust elicitation and prioritization process that utilizes data-mining and recommender technologies to facilitate the active involvement of many thousands of stakeholders. We believe that the approach described in this paper is a fundamental building block towards addressing higher level requirements problems facing ULS Systems.
Encouraging research in home care: learning from agency staff and family caregivers. (2006)

It is clear that research is an increasing role of managers and is crucial to the financial and clinical success of a home health agency. This article has described the important considerations and approaches managers must consider to integrate research effectively. By following one agency's involvement with a researcher on a project, strategies emerge that managers can use to integrate research with staff in everyday practice.
Self-Guided Network for Fast Image Denoising (2019)

During the past years, tremendous advances in image restoration tasks have been achieved using highly complex neural networks. Despite their good restoration performance, the heavy computational burden hinders the deployment of these networks on constrained devices, \eg smart phones and consumer electronic products. To tackle this problem, we propose a self-guided network (SGN), which adopts a top-down self-guidance architecture to better exploit image multi-scale information. SGN directly generates multi-resolution inputs with the shuffling operation. Large-scale contextual information extracted at low resolution is gradually propagated into the higher resolution sub-networks to guide the feature extraction processes at these scales. Such a self-guidance strategy enables SGN to efficiently incorporate multi-scale information and extract good local features to recover noisy images. We validate the effectiveness of SGN through extensive experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that SGN greatly improves the memory and runtime efficiency over state-of-the-art efficient methods, without trading off PSNR accuracy.
Circulating endothelial cells in Kawasaki disease (2003)

Recent reports have demonstrated that circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are observed in several diseases with vascular injury. Because Kawasaki disease (KD) is one type of systemic vasculitis, we hypothesized that an increased number of CECs may be associated with the appearance of complicated coronary artery lesions (CAL). In the present study we investigated the enumeration and origin of CECs in 20 patients with KD, using an immunohistochemical method with monoclonal antibodies: clone P1H12 against ECs and clone AC133 against endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which were derived from the bone marrow. The mean number of CECs increased significantly (P < 0.05) from the acute through the subacute phases of KD compared with both the convalescent phase of KD and healthy children. The mean number of CECs was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in six KD patients with CAL than in 14 KD patients without CAL. The population of EPCs in the total CECs in KD was 4.4 +/- 1.2% (range 0-18%). The number of EPCs during the subacute phase was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in KD patients with CAL than in those without CAL. Our findings indicate that the number of CECs increase in KD vasculitis and suggest that the increased numbers of CECs and EPCs may reflect the EC damage of this disease.
Synthetic oligonucleotide tails inhibit<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>translation of SP6 transcripts of maize zein cDNA clones (1986)

A maize zein cDNA clone was used to synthesize mRNA with the SP6 in vitro transcription system. Although we obtained full-length transcripts of the cDNA sequence, these were inefficient templates for protein synthesis. Removal of the 5' oligo(G) sequence that was synthesized during the cDNA cloning procedure allowed efficient translation of the mRNAs in a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system or in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The alteration in translational efficiency did not result from an interaction of the 5' oligo(G) homopolymer tail with the 3' oligo(C) sequence, as transcripts with or without the oligo(C) tail were translated similarly in both protein synthesis systems. Ribosome interaction with the mRNA may be affected due either to the secondary structure of the oligo(G) sequence itself, or an unusual secondary structure between the oligo(G) sequence and another region in the mRNA. Synthetic oligonucleotides at the 5' end of cloned cDNA sequences may generally be inhibitory for translation of mRNAs transcribed in vitro.
REDUCE-IT USA (2019)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01492361.
Irreversibility, Energy Dissipation, and Time Effects in Intermolecular and Surface Interactions (1995)

Abstract The use of thermodynamic functions such as surface energy (y) or the reversible work of adhesion (W) implicitly assumes that two surfaces are interacting under conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. Likewise, the concept of the adhesion force or pressure between two surfaces, molecules, or colloidal particles also suggests the existence of well‐defined time‐independent values for these quantities. Yet most interactions involving molecules, surfaces, and complex fluid systems are irreversible, involving the transfer of energy from one system to another; that is, they involve “energy dissipation”. We review the molecular origins nonequilibrium (irreversible) interactions of surfaces that give rise to adhesion hysteresis, contact angle hysteresis, friction, and other thin‐film properties, and discuss the important role of “time” in such processes which can have a significant effect on what we measure. We also consider the possible central role of nonequilibrium interactions in biological systems, where nature often makes use of the finite time of molecular processes for regulating the interactions of proteins, membranes, and cells.
Characterization and Properties of a Modified Human Interferon- -Containing an Additional 18 Amino Acids at the N-Terminus (1983)

A modified human interferon-alpha 2 was produced in Escherichia coli cells infected with phage M13 mp7 containing an interferon-alpha gene. After purification by immunochromatography with the monoclonal antibody NK2, the N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. The N-terminal methionine was absent but an additional sequence of 18 amino acids at the N-terminus was retained. The modified interferon-alpha 2 was indistinguishable from authentic interferon-alpha 2 in its ability to activate natural killer cells, to slow the growth of Daudi cells, and to confer virus resistance on heterologous cells.
Improving microstrip patch antenna performance using EBG substrates (2006)

Microstrip patch antennas mounted over a high impedance electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) substrate are studied. The structure is equivalent to a new microstrip antenna, where the conducting ground plane is replaced by a high impedance EBG layer. Initially, the bandgap of the EBG structure is determined. Then, patch antennas with this EBG ground plane are designed to work within and outside the bandgaps. Parametric studies are conducted to maximise their impedance bandwidths and gains. It is found that very wide bandwidths, of around 25%, can be obtained by variation of the original antenna and EBG parameters. Their gains are similarly increased. Sample antennas are also fabricated and tested, to verify the designs.
Purinergic receptors contribute to early mesangial cell transformation and renal vessel hypertrophy during angiotensin II-induced hypertension (2007)

Chronic ANG II infusions lead to increases in intrarenal ANG II levels, hypertension, and tissue injury. Increased blood pressure also elicits increases in renal interstitial fluid (RIF) ATP concentrations that stimulate cell proliferation. We evaluated the contribution of purinergic receptor activation to ANG II-induced renal injury in rats by treating with clopidogrel, a P2Y12 receptor blocker, or with PPADS, a nonselective P2 receptor blocker. alpha-Actin expression in mesangial cells, afferent arteriolar wall thickness (AAWT), cortical cell proliferation, and macrophage infiltration were used as early markers of renal injury. Clopidogrel and PPADS did not alter blood pressure, renin or kidney ANG II content. alpha-Actin expression increased from control of 0.6 +/- 0.4% of mesangial area to 6.3 +/- 1.9% in ANG II-infused rats and this response was prevented by clopidogrel (0.4 +/- 0.2%) and PPADS. The increase in AAWT from 4.7 +/- 0.1 to 6.0 +/- 0.1 mm in ANG II rats was also prevented by clopidogrel (4.8 +/- 0.1 mm) and PPADS. ANG II infusion led to interstitial macrophage infiltration (105 +/- 16 vs. 62 +/- 4 cell/mm(2)) and tubular proliferation (71 +/- 15 vs. 20 +/- 4 cell/mm(2)) and these effects were prevented by clopidogrel (52 +/- 4 and 36 +/- 3 cell/mm(2)) and PPADS. RIF ATP levels were higher in ANG II-infused rats than in control rats (11.8 +/- 1.9 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.6 nmol/l, P < 0.05). The results suggest that activation of vascular and glomerular purinergic P2 receptors may contribute to the mesangial cell transformation, renal inflammation, and vascular hypertrophy observed in ANG II-dependent hypertension.
High-power operation of aluminum-free ( kappa =0.98 mu m) pump laser for erbium-doped fiber amplifier (1993)

The authors discuss the fabrication and characteristics of high-power (P/sub CW/=430 mW) InGaAs/InGaAsP/InGaP ridge waveguide lasers emitting at lambda =0.98 mu m, which is the optimum wavelength for pumping erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. In the past, high-power operation of Al-free pump lasers has been limited to 150 mW because of catastrophic optical damage of the mirror facet. This problem has been largely removed by increasing the spot size of the laser with the aid of an improved waveguide design. As a result, Al-free lasers can now achieve a maximum power comparable to the conventional GaAlAs-based pump lasers for lambda =0.98 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Reaction of 4‐Formylsydnone and Methyl Ketones (1993)

Abstract In the presence of base, 3‐subslituted 4‐fonnyl‐ and 4‐acetylsydnones decarbonylated to afford the corresponding 3‐substituted sydnones. The Claisen‐Schmidt reaction occurred between 3‐substituted 4‐for‐mylsydnones and methyl ketone (such as 4‐acetylsydnones, acetone and acetophenone) in dilute basic solution or electrogenerated basic (EGB) solution.