gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hollow Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles: A Generic Intelligent Framework-Hybridization Approach for Biomedicine (2014)

Chemical construction of molecularly organic-inorganic hybrid hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMONs) with silsesquioxane framework is expected to substantially improve their therapeutic performance and enhance the biological effects beneficial for biomedicine. In this work, we report on a simple, controllable, and versatile chemical homology principle to synthesize multiple-hybridized HMONs with varied functional organic groups homogeneously incorporated into the framework (up to quintuple hybridizations). As a paradigm, the hybridization of physiologically active thioether groups with triple distinctive disulfide bonds can endow HMONs with unique intrinsic reducing/acidic- and external high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-responsive drug-releasing performances, improved biological effects (e.g., lowered hemolytic effect and improved histocompatibility), and enhanced ultrasonography behavior. The doxorubicin-loaded HMONs with concurrent thioether and phenylene hybridization exhibit drastically enhanced therapeutic efficiency against cancer growth and metastasis, as demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.
The Junior Doctor Handover: Current Practices and Future Expectations (1996)

Restructuring junior doctors' patterns of work has led to several changes, including the increasing implementation of shift and partial-shift rotas. These changes heighten the necessity for good communication between the doctors responsible at different times for the patients. We sent a questionnaire to all junior doctors in two district general hospitals; the results showed that existing handover systems are frequently not as good as doctors would wish. In our opinion, the lack of advice and guidance on the structure of handover has impeded good practice, and a standard of professional practice needs to be set. Opportunities exist within the NHS to utilise information systems to obtain the necessary information and to improve the format of the handover.
Synthesis and characterization of a new class of anti-angiogenic agents based on ruthenium clusters (2013)

New triruthenium-carbonyl clusters derivatized with glucose-modified bicyclophosphite ligands have been synthesized. These compounds were found to have cytostatic and cytotoxic activity and depending on the number of bicyclophosphite ligands, and could be tuned for either anti-cancer or specific anti-angiogenic activity. While some compounds had a broad cellular toxicity profile in several cell types others showed endothelial cell specific dose-dependent anti-proliferative and anti-migratory efficacy. A profound inhibition of angiogenesis was also observed in the in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, and consequently, these new compounds have considerable potential in drug design, e.g. for the treatment of cancer.
Effect of Estrogen/Progestin Potency on Lipid/Lipoprotein Cholesterol (1983)

We studied 374 women taking oral contraceptives, 284 women taking estrogen preparations after menopause, and 1086 women taking no hormones, to determine the relation of plasma lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations to various types of estrogen/progestin formulations. Premenopausal women, using oral contraceptives containing a relatively low dose of estrogen combined with a medium or high dose of progestin (Norlestrin, Ovral, or Demulen) had a 24 per cent higher median concentration of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol than did those not using hormones (P less than 0.05). Women using oral contraceptives that are high in estrogen and low in progestin (Enovid or Oracon) had significantly higher concentrations of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol than did nonusers; those using Ovral, a low-estrogen and high-progestin formulation, had significantly lower levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. In postmenopausal women the use of estrogen was associated with concentrations of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol that were 11 to 19 per cent below the levels in postmenopausal women who did not use hormones. The effects of estrogen-progestin balance on low-density and high-density lipoproteins may underlie the increased incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction in women of childbearing age who take oral contraceptives.
Dark current-voltage measurements on photovoltaic modules as a diagnostic or manufacturing tool (2002)

Dark current-voltage (dark I-V) measurements are commonly used to analyze the electrical characteristics of solar cells, providing an effective way to determine fundamental performance parameters without the need for a solar simulator. The dark I-V measurement procedure does not provide information regarding short-circuit current, but is more sensitive than light I-V measurements in determining the other parameters (series resistance, shunt resistance, diode factor and diode saturation currents) that dictate the electrical performance of a photovoltaic device. The work documented here extends the use of dark I-V measurements to photovoltaic modules, illustrates their use in diagnosing module performance losses and proposes their use for process monitoring during manufacturing.
A Stereotaxic Technique for Preoperative Marking of Non-Palpable Breast Lesions (1983)

A new method for preoperative marking has been evaluated in 56 non-palpable lesions of the breast. With the aid of a stereotaxic biopsy instrument the lesion is located and an aqueous suspension of carbon particles is injected so as to leave a distinct trail from the lesion out to the skin. This trail gives precise guidance to the site of the lesion, facilitating the removal of a minimum volume of tissue. According to current experience, the carbon does not diffuse into surrounding tissues and therefore the marking can be done well in advance of surgery.
Toward a cure for type 1 diabetes mellitus: diabetes-suppressive dendritic cells and beyond (2008)

Insulin has been the gold standard therapy for diabetes since its discovery and commercial availability. It remains the only pharmacologic therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease in which autoreactive T cells specifically kill the insulin-producing beta cells. Nevertheless, not even molecularly produced insulin administered four or five times per day can provide a physiologic regulation able to prevent the complications that account for the morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Also, insulin does not eliminate the T1D hallmark: beta-cell-specific autoimmunity. In other words, insulin is not a 'cure'. A successful cure must meet the following criteria: (i) it must either replace or maintain the functional integrity of the natural, insulin-producing tissue, the endocrine islets of Langerhans' and, more specifically, the insulin-producing beta cells; (ii) it must, at least, control the autoimmunity or eliminate it altogether; and (iii) it must be easy to apply to a large number of patients. Criterion 1 has been partially realized by allogeneic islet transplantation. Criterion 2 has been partially realized using monoclonal antibodies specific for T-cell surface proteins. Criterion 3 has yet to be realized, given that most of the novel therapies are currently quasi-patient-specific. Herein, we outline the current status of non-insulin-based therapies for T1D, with a focus on cell-based immunomodulation which we propose can achieve all three criteria illustrated above.
A combined Tabu search and 2-opt heuristic for multiple vehicle routing (2010)

In this paper, the authors consider the problem of assigning multiple agents to perform several tasks under restrictions limiting which agents are permitted to perform each task and restrictions dictating the order of completion of specific tasks. A unique solution description is introduced that allows for the direct satisfaction of these constraints. A two phase optimization procedure is used. A Tabu search method is used to optimize the task assignments and an exchange heuristic is used to refine the completion order of the tasks in the presence of precedence constraints.
Proofs from simulations and modular annotations (2014)

We present a modular technique for simulation-based bounded verification for nonlinear dynamical systems. We introduce the notion of input-to-state discrepancy of each subsystem Ai in a larger nonlinear dynamical system A which bounds the distance between two (possibly diverging) trajectories of Ai in terms of their initial states and inputs. Using the IS discrepancy functions, we construct a low dimensional deterministic dynamical system M(δ). For any two trajectories of A starting δ distance apart, we show that one of them bloated by a factor determined by the trajectory of M contains the other. Further, by choosing appropriately small δ's the overapproximations computed by the above method can be made arbitrarily precise. Using the above results we develop a sound and relatively complete algorithm for bounded safety verification of nonlinear ODEs. Our preliminary experiments with a prototype implementation of the algorithm show that the approach can be effective for verification of nonlinear models.
Biometric Evaluation of Gastric Urease Activity in Man (1992)

The 14C-urea breath test is claimed to be the best test for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. We present a procedure for estimating its cutoff value on the basis of biometric evaluation only, without involving other diagnostic methods. Cumulative gastric urease activity (CA) was determined during the first 30 min after oral administration of 14C-urea (92.5 kBq) in 56 random volunteers and 49 consecutive patients with peptic ulcer disease. The distribution of CA in random volunteers was positively skewed. Logarithmic transformation yielded two separate populations, each normally distributed. Their normal probability density functions intercepted at log cutoff value. A bimodal distribution of log CA was confirmed in patients with peptic ulcer disease before and after treatment aimed at H. pylori eradication. Cutoff values were determined for both random volunteers and patients with peptic ulcer disease. By application of the present procedure for determination of cutoff value, the 14C-urea breath test distinguishes between individuals who have an increased gastric urease activity and individuals who do not, with the smallest possible arbitrariness.
Solubility of <scp>l</scp>-Lysine Hydrochloride in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Methanol, Ethanol, Water, and Glycol between (283 and 323) K (2009)

The solubility of l-lysine hydrochloride in dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, water, and glycol between (283 and 323) K was measured using a synthetic method at atmospheric pressure. The solubility of l-lysine hydrochloride in the above solvents increased in the order water > dimethyl sulfoxide > glycol > methanol > ethanol. A laser monitoring observation technique was used to determine the disappearance of the solid phase in a solid + liquid mixture. The experimental solubility data were correlated with an empirical equation.
Sparse Matrices in MATLAB: Design and Implementation (1992)

The matrix computation language and environment MATLAB is extended to include sparse matrix storage and operations. The only change to the outward appearance of the MATLAB language is a pair of commands to create full or sparse matrices. Nearly all the operations of MATLAB now apply equally to full or sparse matrices, without any explicit action by the user. The sparse data structure represents a matrix in space proportional to the number of nonzero entries, and most of the operations compute sparse results in time proportional to the number of arithmetic operations on nonzeros.
Surface supported bilayer platform for studies of lateral association of proteins in membranes (Mini Review) (2008)

Here, the authors review how surface supported bilayers can be engineered and how Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) can be used to quantify interactions between transmembrane peptides in these bilayers. The requirements for the surface supported platform are (1) lateral mobility of the peptides, (2) transmembrane orientation of the peptides, and (3) capabilities for FRET measurements. To satisfy these requirements, a new assembly method, termed "directed assembly" was developed. This assembly method could have broad utility in basic studies of proteins in membranes and in biotechnological applications.
Synthesis and characterization of polyamides X 18 (2005)

Abstract Step heating melt polycondensation was adopted in the preparation of polyamides based on 1,16‐octadecane diacid and α,ω(CH 2 ) 2 n diamines ( n = 1–6). The structure was confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques (IR, Raman, 1 H‐NMR, and 13 C‐NMR). High molecular masses were obtained only in the presence of an excess of diamine and when the diamine possessed low volatility. The molecular masses were between (0.94 and 2.1) × 10 4 Da for all polyamides under consideration. An excellent correlation between size exclusion chromatography and 1 H‐NMR data was demonstrated in the measurement of the degree of polymerization. The melting temperatures of the polyamides decreased from polyamide 12 18 to polyamide 2 18 as the amide density along the molecular chain declined. No significant variation was observed in the glass‐transition and decomposition temperatures of the polyamides that were obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1565–1571, 2005
Targeting IDH1-Mutated Malignancies with NRF2 Blockade (2018)

IDH1 mutation reprograms ROS homeostasis in cancer cells, which leads to dependency on the NRF2 antioxidant pathway for ROS scavenging. NRF2 blockade might be a novel therapeutic approach to treat malignancies with IDH1 mutation.
Quantitative isolation efficiency of O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157 STEC serotypes from artificially contaminated food and cattle faeces samples using a new isolation protocol (2008)

Data in this paper indicated that isolation of low levels of non-O157 and sorbitol-positive O157 STEC from food samples is possible.
Timing of paternal <i>Pgk-1</i> expression in embryos of transgenic mice (1991)

In mouse development, the paternal allele of the X-linked gene Pgk-1 initiates expression on day 6, two days later than the maternal allele, which is activated on day 4. The different timing of expression of the maternal and paternal alleles may be determined by (i) imprinting of the chromosome region in which the gene resides, but not aimed specifically at the Pgk-1 gene; (ii) gene specific imprinting, acting on Pgk-1 irrespective of the chromosomal localization of the gene; (iii) an interplay between embryo cell differentiation, timing of X-inactivation and Pgk-1 expression, without the involvement of imprinting at the Pgk-1 locus itself (Fundele R., Illmensee, K., Jagerbauer, E. M., Fehlau, M. and Krietsch, W. K. (1987) Differentiation 35, 31-36). Our findings in transgenic mouse lines, carrying Pgk-1 on autosomes, indicate the importance of the X chromosomal location for the delayed expression of the paternal Pgk-1 allele, and are in agreement with the first of the explanations listed above. We propose that the late activation of the paternal Pgk-1 locus is a consequence of imprinting targeted at, and centered around, the X chromosome controlling element.
<i>MiR‐125b</i> targets BCL3 and suppresses ovarian cancer proliferation (2010)

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) important for post-transcriptional gene expression as negative regulators are endogenous 21- to 23-nucleotide noncoding RNAs. Many miRNAs are expressed in ovarian cancer (OC). In this study, we reported that miR-125b was underexpressed in human OC specimens. Ectopic expression of miR-125b in OC cells induced cell cycle arrest and led to reduction in proliferation and clonal formation. This inhibitory effect on OC cell growth was mediated by miR-125b inhibition of the translation of an mRNA encoding a proto-oncogene, BCL3. Furthermore, expression of miR-125b suppressed the tumor formation generated by injecting OC cells in nude mice. Our results suggest that aberrantly expressed miR-125b may contribute to OC development.
Exercise, Amino Acids, and Aging in the Control of Human Muscle Protein Synthesis (2011)

In this review, we discuss recent research in the field of human skeletal muscle protein metabolism characterizing the acute regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) 1 signaling and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) by exercise, amino acid nutrition, and aging. Resistance exercise performed in the fasted state stimulates mixed MPS within 1 h after exercise, which can remain elevated for 48 h. We demonstrate that the activation of mTORC1 signaling (and subsequently enhanced translation initiation) is required for the contraction-induced increase in MPS. In comparison, low-intensity blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise stimulates MPS and mTORC1 signaling to an extent similar to traditional, high-intensity resistance exercise. We also show that mTORC1 signaling is required for the essential amino acid (EAA)-induced increase in MPS. Ingestion of EAAs (or protein) shortly after resistance exercise enhances MPS and mTORC1 signaling compared with resistance exercise or EAAs alone. In older adults, the ability of the skeletal muscle to respond to anabolic stimuli is impaired. For example, in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise, older adults are less able to activate mTORC1 or increase MPS during the first 24 h of postexercise recovery. However, BFR exercise can overcome this impairment. Aging is not associated with a reduced response to EAAs provided the EAA content is sufficient. Therefore, we propose that exercise combined with EAA should be effective not only in improving muscle repair and growth in response to training in athletes, but that strategies such as EAA combined with resistance exercise (or BFR exercise) may be very useful as a countermeasure for sarcopenia and other clinical conditions associated with muscle wasting.
Toluene Monooxygenase-Catalyzed Epoxidation of Alkenes (2000)

Several toluene monooxygenase-producing organisms were tested for their ability to oxidize linear alkenes and chloroalkenes three to eight carbons long. Each of the wild-type organisms degraded all of the alkenes that were tested. Epoxides were produced during the oxidation of butene, butadiene, and pentene but not hexene or octadiene. A strain of Escherichia coli expressing the cloned toluene-4-monooxygenase (T4MO) of Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 was able to oxidize butene, butadiene, pentene, and hexene but not octadiene, producing epoxides from all of the substrates that were oxidized. A T4MO-deficient variant of P. mendocina KR1 oxidized alkenes that were five to eight carbons long, but no epoxides were detected, suggesting the presence of multiple alkene-degrading enzymes in this organism. The alkene oxidation rates varied widely (ranging from 0. 01 to 0.33 micromol of substrate/min/mg of cell protein) and were specific for each organism-substrate pair. The enantiomeric purity of the epoxide products also varied widely, ranging from 54 to >90% of a single epoxide enantiomer. In the absence of more preferred substrates, such as toluene or alkenes, the epoxides underwent further toluene monooxygenase-catalyzed transformations, forming products that were not identified.
Magnetic Localization of AC-Driven Buried Cable by the SCARAB Submersible (1976)

SCARAB is an unmanned cable-controlled submersible currently under construction whose mission is to aid in the repair and maintenance of undersea telephone cables. One of SCARAB's cable-locating techniques involves a magnetometer array to detect the magnetic field of a low-frequency current carried by the cable. The magnetometer signals are filtered, amplified, digitized, and multiplexed onto SCARAB's control cable for transmission to the control ship. A ship-borne minicomputer processes these signals in real time to determine the cable location, which is continuously displayed to SCARAB's operator on a graphics terminal. The computer algorithm for cable localization is briefly described, as are the numerical simulations and field experiments carried out to predict the performance of the system.
Decontamination of Soil Using Electro-Osmosis. (1990)

Electrokinetic soil processing is an innovative insitu technique to remove contaminants from soils and groundwater. The process is an alternative to conventional processes, with significant economic and technical advantages. A theory is presented for pH gradient development by diffusion and convection in electrokinetic processing of soils. The premises and consequences of the theory are discussed. Based upon this theory, a mathematical model is developed to predict the pH gradient development in electro-osmosis. Electro-osmosis tests are conducted on saturated kaolinite specimens loaded with Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III) to investigate the feasibility, efficiency, and energy requirements of the process in removal of heavy metals. The test results pertaining to the flow and the associated electrochemistry (voltage, current, pH gradients, and conductivity) are presented. Tests indicated that the flow in electro-osmosis with open electrodes is time-dependent and it is strongly influenced by electrochemistry generated as a result of the prevailing pH gradients. High removal efficiency, up to 95%, was achieved on kaolinite specimens loaded with Pb(II) up to 1000 $\mu$g/g of soil. Also the removing efficiency was very high (92 to 100%) for kaolinite specimens loaded with Cd(II) up to 120 mg/g of dry soil. However, tests conducted on kaolinite loaded with Cr(III) (120 $\mu$g/g of dry soil) indicated that only 60 to 70% of absorbed Cr(III) was removed from the anode zone. The influence of fundamental variables affecting the chemistry and efficiency of the process such as the current density, the voltage gradient and contaminant concentration are also investigated and presented. The results indicated that the process can be used efficiently to remove ions from saturated soil deposits. The cost of the process will be a function of the current density and the processing time. In the tests conducted, the energy expenditure varied between 11 to 306 kW-hr/m$\sp3$. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using this process in decontamination and provides a fundamental understanding to the underlying mechanisms controlling the process.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia modeled in mouse by targeted <i>miR-29</i> expression (2010)

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), the most common leukemia in the Western world, occurs in two forms, aggressive (showing for the most part high ZAP-70 expression and unmutated IgH V(H)) and indolent (showing low ZAP-70 expression and mutated IgH V(H)). We found that miR-29a is up-regulated in indolent human B-CLL as compared with aggressive B-CLL and normal CD19(+) B cells. To study the role of miR-29 in B-CLL, we generated Emu-miR-29 transgenic mice overexpressing miR-29 in mouse B cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a markedly expanded CD5(+) population in the spleen of these mice starting at 2 mo of age, with 85% (34/40) of miR-29 transgenic mice exhibiting expanded CD5(+) B-cell populations, a characteristic of B-CLL. On average, 50% of B cells in these transgenic mice were CD5 positive. At 2 y of age the mice showed significantly enlarged spleens and an increase in the CD5(+) B-cell population to approximately 100%. Of 20 Emu-miR-29 transgenic mice followed to 24-26 mo of age, 4 (20%) developed frank leukemia and died of the disease. These results suggest that dysregulation of miR-29 can contribute to the pathogenesis of indolent B-CLL.