gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subsolidus Phase Relationships in Part of the System Si,Al,Y/N,O: The System Si <sub>3</sub> N <sub>4</sub> ─AIN─YN─Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ─Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1991)

The subsolidus phase relationships in the system Si,Al,Y/N,O were determined. Thirty‐nine compatibility tetrahedra were established in the region Si 3 N 4 ─AIN─Al 2 O 3 ─Y 2 O 3 . The subsolidus phase relationships in the region Si 3 N 4 ─AIN─YN─Y 2 O 3 have also been studied. Only one compound, 2YN:Si 3 N 4 , was confirmed in the binary system Si 3 N 4 ─YN. The solubility limits of the α′─SiAION on the Si 3 N 4 ─YN:3AIN join were determined to range from m = 1.3 to m = 2.4 in the formula Y m /3 Si 12‐ m Al m N 16 . No quinary compound was found. Seven compatibility tetrahedra were established in the region Si 3 N 4 ─AIN─YN─Y 2 O 3 .
Single-step implementation of high-fidelity <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>-bit Toffoli gates (2020)

The family of $n$-bit Toffoli gates, with the two-bit Toffoli gate as the figurehead, are of great interest in quantum information as they can be used as universal gates and in quantum error correction, among other things. We present a single-step implementation of arbitrary $n$-bit Toffoli gates (up to a local change of basis), based on resonantly driving a single qubit that has a strong Ising coupling to $n$ other qubits. The setup in the two-qubit case turns out to be identical to the universal Barenco gate. The gate time and error are, in theory, independent of the number of control qubits, scaling better than conventional circuit decompositions. We note that our assumptions, namely, strongly coupling $n+1$ qubits and a driving frequency that scales with $n$, may break down for large systems. Still, our protocol could enhance the capabilities of intermediate-scale quantum computers, and we discuss the prospects of implementing our protocol on trapped ions, Rydberg atoms, and superconducting circuits. Simulations of the latter platform show that the Toffoli gate with two control bits attains fidelities of above 0.98 even in the presence of decoherence. We also show how similar ideas can be used to make a series of controlled-not gates in a single step. We show how these can speed up the implementation of quantum error correcting codes and we simulate the encoding steps of the three-qubit bit-flip code and the seven-qubit Steane code.
Assessing Model Prediction Control (MPC) Performance. 1. Probabilistic Approach for Constraint Analysis (2007)

Advanced process control (APC)in particular, model predictive control (MPC)has emerged as the most effective control strategy in process industry, and numerous applications have been reported. Nevertheless, there are several factors that limit the achievable performance of MPC. One of the limiting factors considered in this paper is the presence of constraints. To exploit optimal control performance, continuous performance assessment, with respect to the constraints of MPC, is necessary. MPC performance assessment has received increasing interest, both in academia and in industry. This paper is concerned with a practical aspect of performance assessment of industrial MPC by investigating the relationship among process variability, constraints, and probabilistic economic performance of MPC. The proposed approach considers the uncertainties induced by process variability and evaluates the economic performance through probabilistic calculations. It also provides a guideline for the constraint tuning, to improve MPC performance.
The preparation of thin film graded band gap solar cells (1978)

Thin film solar cells with a band gap graded in\nthe thickness direction were prepared by vacuum\nevaporation of various alloys of Cadmium Sulphide (CdS)\nand Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) onto glass substrates.\nTheoretical computer analyses were carried out and\nshow that a solar cell with a graded band gap surface\nlayer ought to be a more efficient photovoltaic converter\nthan a conventional homojunction device. A vacuum\nevaporator capable of multiple simultaneous co-evaporations\nwas built and used initially to deposit only the CdS\nand CdTe films and subsequently mixed and graded\nfilms of Cadmium Sulphide Telluride (CdS\nx\nTe 1-x).\nThe composition of the mixed and graded films was\ncontrolled by a set of shutters built above the sources,\nrather than by the control of the temperature of the\nsources. The electronic properties of the films were\nadjusted by co-evaporation of dopant materials such\nas Cadmium (Cd), Indium (In) and Copper (Cu), and\nmeasured by Hall Effect measurements. The physical\nproperties of the films such as the band gap, crystal\nphase and grain size were investigated by optical\ntransmission measurements, X-ray analysis and scanning\nelectron microscopy respectively. Finally, p-n junctions\nwith n-type graded band gap surface layers on top\nof either pure p-type CdTe films or mixed p-type\nCdS0.5Te0.5 films were prepared. However, the\nphotoresponse of these structures was low, probably\ndue to very short minority carrier life-times, lack\nof low resistance contacts and cross diffusion of\ndopant materials. Nevertheless, the characteristics\nof individual materials and the spectral response\nof the devices indicated that if these problems could\nbe solved, a successful solar cell could be made.
Direct Measurement of Critical Nucleus Size in Confined Volumes (2007)

In crystallization, the critical nucleus size is of pivotal importance. Above this size, it is favorable for the new crystalline phase to form; below this size, the clusters will tend to dissolve rather than grow. To date, there has been no direct method for measuring the critical nucleus size. Instead, the size is typically calculated from the variation of crystallization rates with temperature. This involves using bulk values of the interfacial tension and enthalpy of fusion, which are inappropriate for small critical nucleus sizes. Here, we present a direct method for measuring the size of the critical nucleus, based on observing crystallization temperatures of materials within microemulsions. Using this approach, the number of molecules in the critical nucleus can be found simply by measuring the droplet size. Data on the freezing of water in water-in-oil microemulsions with and without the nucleating agent, heptacosanol, are presented to support our hypothesis. The results show that the critical nucleus contains 90-350 ice molecules for water pool radii of approximately 1.2-1.8 nm for the heptacosanol-doped microemulsions in which heterogeneous nucleation is initiated at the droplet interface. For the microemulsions without heptacosanol, the critical nucleus contains 70-210 ice molecules for water pool radii of approximately 1.2-1.8 nm. The smaller values arise because homogeneous nucleation occurs and therefore the crystallization temperatures are lower. We can also determine how bulk properties are perturbed at the nanoscale, and we find that the ratio of the ice-water interfacial tension to the enthalpy of fusion decreases significantly for water pool radii that are <2 nm.
Specific heats of lead and cadmium niobates at low temperatures (1979)

Specific-heat data (2-25 K) are reported on the ferroelectrics Pb${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ (orthorhombic), ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, and ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1.6}$${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.4}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, and on the nonferroelectrics Pb${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ (rhombohedral), ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, and Cd${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$. All materials display maxima in $C{T}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, and excellent fits to experimental data are obtained with a single Einstein term added to the Debye background. The Einstein frequencies vary from 9 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for Pb${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ (rhombohedral) to 76 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for Cd${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$, and the Debye temperatures from 171 K for Pb${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ (rhombohedral) to 408 K for Cd${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$. The ferroelectric form of Pb${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ varies dramatically from the nonferroelectric form: Einstein frequency, 37.6 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and Debye temperature 224 K. The 20-mole%-Pb substitution on the Cd site in ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ lowers both the Einstein frequency and Debye temperature: 53 to 43 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and 393 to 315 K, respectively. For all materials except Cd${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$, the Debye contribution is smaller than the Einstein contribution. Below 4 K, the ferroelectric niobates and Cd${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ have a Schottky contribution with an energy separation \ensuremath{\sim}50 mK (assumed two level). It is suggested that this term is due to the electric-quadrupole moment of Nb in an electric-field gradient. Published data on LiNb${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and LiTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ support this interpretation.
Generalised ICCG method for solution of asymmetric, sparse, linear systems of discretised semiconductor device equations (1982)

The ICCG (incomplete Choleski and conjugate gradient) method has been generalised for solving large-scale systems of linear equations whose coefficient matrices are highly sparse and asymmetric. The generalised method has been successfully tested on matrices with randomly generated elements and is found to be very efficient for two- and three-dimensional device simulations.
Active Vibration and Shock Isolation (1968)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents the state-of-the-art of active vibration and shock isolation, with theoretical considerations limited, to idealized single-degree-of-freedom systems. Servocontrol systems postulated for use as active isolator mechanisms are reviewed with emphasis placed on active isolation systems that have been reduced to practical operational hardware. Performance characteristics of mechano-pneumatic and electrohydraulic isolation systems are discussed in detail and are compared to those of conventional passive isolation systems. Experimental data are presented to demonstrate performance characteristics of these active isolation systems in aerospace applications involving the protection of missile inertial guidance platforms during launch and a jet aircraft pilot during severe turbulence encounters. Optimization analysis and synthesis concepts are discussed relative to the design of active vibration and shock isolation systems.</div>
A review of image fusion technology in 2005 (2005)

The idea of combining multiple image modalities to provide a single, enhanced picture offering added value to the observer or processor is well established, but the technology to realise it is somewhat less mature. In the past few years computing power has advanced sufficiently to finally enable affordable, real-time image fusion systems to become a reality and the field has started to move out of the research laboratories and into real products. Although algorithmic techniques for fusing images are now well known and understood, challenges remain with regard to exploiting different sensor modalities, robustness to environmental and operational conditions and proving performance benefit, to name but a few. This paper provides a broad review of the field of image fusion, from initial research published to the latest technology being developed and systems being deployed. Particular emphasis is placed on image fusion developments that have been made for the military community, which were mainly designed to exploit low light devices and thermal imagers. Wider applications of image fusion are also considered as well as all of the main technologies required to produce real-time image fusion systems. A summary of current and near-term products is given, as well as the latest research trends and end-user analyses reported to date.
Breve panorama del discurso teórico sobre el género fantástico (2019)

Este ensayo intenta sintetizar las principales líneas de investigación sobre el género fantástico, y lleva a cabo un cotejo elemental de los puntos principales que derivan de las mismas. Los criterios de selección no responden necesariamente a un orden cronológico; más bien me interesa la dinámica de continuidad conceptual entre las diferentes hipótesis ya sea por afinidad o por divergencia. En ese sentido, el principio estructurador es la continuidad entre las diferentes posturas teóricas, y la relevancia de los aportes.
Plasma enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of aluminum oxide dielectric film for device applications (1983)

Low temperature (≤250 °C) deposition of aluminum oxide gate dielectric film using a new plasma enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technique is described. With this technique, the substrate was not directly exposed to the plasma which minimizes radiation damage to both the substrate and the film. A dc potential was used to generate the plasma and the deposition of the film was achieved at extremely low plasma power (≤2 W) using trimethylaluminum and nitrous oxide reactant sources. The dielectric films were found to have a resistivity of ∼1014 Ω cm, dielectric constant of 7.9±0.2, and breakdown field ≥106 V/cm. A linear dependence of the film growth rate upon TMAl concentration was observed, indicating that the growth process is mass transport limited. Metal–oxide–semiconductor device structures were fabricated both on n-Si and p-InP substrates and the interface properties were evaluated by capacitance–voltage and Auger measurements. Both the devices show sharp interface with a minimum density of states in the range of 8×1010–1011 cm−2 eV−1 for Si and 4×1011 cm−2 eV−1 for p-InP.
Sharing complex objects in a distributed PEER environment (2002)

For distributed computing environments, required for computer integrated manufacturing and other engineering applications, it is most important to support the sharing and exchange of complex objects among cooperating sites, while preserving their autonomy. Specification of complex objects and their object boundaries in a federated database are described. Each database, as well as the entire federation, is modeled as a collection of related objects. Complex objects are defined as subgraphs of the entire object base and are specified by a root object and a collection of paths. A complex object can be distributed over several sites. A method is described that ensures referential integrity while maintaining the autonomy of each database. Different linearization techniques of complex objects are supported to enable applications to retrieve complex objects as single entities. This model is implemented in PEER, a federated, object-oriented database system developed for engineering applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metal ion assisted DNA-intercalation of crown ether-linked acridine derivatives (1990)

Crown ether linked DNA-intercalators have shown an enhanced binding ability to DNA in the presence of certain kinds of metal ions, due to a cationic property given by the co-ordination of the crown ether moiety to the metal ions.
Drawing of micro-structured fibres: circular and non-circular tubes (2014)

Abstract A general mathematical framework is presented for modelling the pulling of optical glass fibres in a draw tower. The only modelling assumption is that the fibres are slender; cross-sections along the fibre can have general shape, including the possibility of multiple holes or channels. A key result is to demonstrate how a so-called reduced time variable $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\tau $ serves as a natural parameter in describing how an axial-stretching problem interacts with the evolution of a general surface-tension-driven transverse flow via a single important function of $\tau $ , herein denoted by $H(\tau )$ , derived from the total rescaled cross-plane perimeter. For any given preform geometry, this function $H(\tau )$ may be used to calculate the tension required to produce a given fibre geometry, assuming only that the surface tension is known. Of principal practical interest in applications is the ‘inverse problem’ of determining the initial cross-sectional geometry, and experimental draw parameters, necessary to draw a desired final cross-section. Two case studies involving annular tubes are presented in detail: one involves a cross-section comprising an annular concatenation of sintering near-circular discs, the cross-section of the other is a concentric annulus. These two examples allow us to exemplify and explore two features of the general inverse problem. One is the question of the uniqueness of solutions for a given set of experimental parameters, the other concerns the inherent ill-posedness of the inverse problem. Based on these examples we also give an experimental validation of the general model and discuss some experimental matters, such as buckling and stability. The ramifications for modelling the drawing of fibres with more complicated geometries, and multiple channels, are discussed.
Densovirus Crosses the Insect Midgut by Transcytosis and Disturbs the Epithelial Barrier Function (2013)

Densoviruses are parvoviruses that can be lethal for insects of different orders at larval stages. Although the horizontal transmission mechanisms are poorly known, densoviral pathogenesis usually starts with the ingestion of contaminated food by the host. Depending on the virus, this leads to replication restricted to the midgut or excluding it. In both cases the success of infection depends on the virus capacity to enter the intestinal epithelium. Using the Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDNV) as the prototype virus and the lepidopteran host Spodoptera frugiperda as an interaction model, we focused on the early mechanisms of infection during which JcDNV crosses the intestinal epithelium to reach and replicate in underlying target tissues. We studied the kinetics of interaction of JcDNV with the midgut epithelium and the transport mechanisms involved. Using several approaches, in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, at molecular and cellular levels, we show that JcDNV is specifically internalized by endocytosis in absorptive cells and then crosses the epithelium by transcytosis. As a consequence, viral entry disturbs the midgut function. Finally, we showed that four mutations on the capsid of JcDNV affect specific recognition by the epithelial cells but not their binding.
Enhancement of Fibroblast Proliferation, Collagen Biosynthesis and Production of Growth Factors as a Result of Combining Sodium Hyaluronate and Aminoacids (2009)

Fibroblasts play a key role in tissue healing by producing the majority of extracellular matrix components, favouring granulation tissue formation, and stimulating re-epithelialization. Hyaluronan is a component of ECM and its anti-inflammatory effects and properties in enhancing wound closure are well known. In this study, we examined the effects of Aminogam gel, a new pharmacological preparation suggested to improve wound healing, composed of hyaluronic acid, proline, lysine, glycine and leucine, on human fibroblasts. Results show that fibroblasts treated with hyaluronic acid plus aminoacid solution increased their proliferative activity, collagen I and III, and fibronectin synthesis. Moreover, HA plus aminoacid solution increased the expression of transforming growth factor beta, connective tissue growth factor, interleukin-6 and -8, assayed by RT-PCR. These results suggested that Aminogam gel, involved in several stages of wound healing, as fibroblast proliferation, granulation tissue formation, ECM component deposition, and production of cytokines, may be a useful device to favour and accelerate wound closure.
Properties of the primer-binding site and the role of magnesium ion in primer-template recognition by KB cell DNA polymerase .alpha. (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of the primer-binding site and the role of magnesium ion in primer-template recognition by KB cell DNA polymerase .alpha.Paul A. Fisher and David KornCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 16, 4570–4578Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00519a009https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00519a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning System for Diabetic Retinopathy and Related Eye Diseases Using Retinal Images From Multiethnic Populations With Diabetes (2017)

In this evaluation of retinal images from multiethnic cohorts of patients with diabetes, the DLS had high sensitivity and specificity for identifying diabetic retinopathy and related eye diseases. Further research is necessary to evaluate the applicability of the DLS in health care settings and the utility of the DLS to improve vision outcomes.
A Humanized Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody Against Beta3 Integrin in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2011)

Patients with HIV-1 immune-related thrombocytopenia (HIV-1-ITP) have a unique antibody (Ab) against platelet GPIIIa49-66, which is capable of inducing oxidative platelet fragmentation in the absence of complement activation. By screening a human phage antibody library with the GPIIIa49-66 peptide as bait, we have developed several humanized phage Abs, which act similarly to the parental Ab. However, the presence of a stop codon in the heavy chain of the obtained phage clones limits their expression in soluble recombinant form. To circumvent this problem, we mutated the stop codon inside clone 11 that exhibits the highest binding activity to platelet GPIIIa49-66, resulting in a soluble scFv format (named A11) in Escherichia coli Rosseta. In in vitro binding assay, A11 exhibited similar binding specificity to parental Ab at various concentrations. Moreover, A11 is able to induce oxidative platelet fragmentation by preferentially binding to activated versus resting platelets. These findings provide a proof-of-principle for the development of a novel approach to inhibit arterial thrombosis by generating a selective scFv for the lysis of platelet-rich thrombi.