gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of the Change of Operation Classification Coding System for the Next Leap (2018)

Abstract National Oil Companies have always invested in and been dependent on information; gathering, managing, and utilizing data has now, more than ever, become more central to operational success. While the Drilling & Workover (D&WO) business is faced with retaining its capacity to do core operations, it is challenged to increase the rate of learning for drilling personnel. Achieving these goals should be through a continuous process, which is data dependent. Data is only as valuable as the ability of engineers to extract meaning from it; meaning cannot be extracted without organizing, standardizing, and analyzing data effectively. Drilling data analysis is routinely performed in performance analyses/optimization; having a standard, consistent, yet flexible/scalable classification system is a must for this process. Although drilling data has been available from the daily drilling reports and being utilized for performance analysis for long time, the process of performance analysis to extract knowledge and identify potential improvements has been hindered as a result of the limited variety and quality of the operation coding system previously in place. This paper is suggesting to move to a new coding system and will share how that change was managed successfully. The new system will be used to classify drilling operations more consistently, objectively, and comprehensively; and so a separate detailed lost time coding system was introduced. The normal operation codes were reviewed and cleansed, and comprehensive built-in quality control rules were developed and embedded in the system to allow guided operation classification and to make it easier for the end user. A true challenge here was the management of this change, which impacted not only a huge volume of legacy data, about 10,000 wells, but also hundreds of end users with different business interests. Getting buy-in from different, and perhaps conflicted, stakeholders; migrating legacy data from the old structure to the new one; and training a massive number of end users were true challenges that had to be managed to make the change happen. In this paper, the authors would like to share their experience of managing this major change and how these different challenges were tackled.
Pilot-Scale in Situ Bioremedation of Uranium in a Highly Contaminated Aquifer. 2. Reduction of U(VI) and Geochemical Control of U(VI) Bioavailability (2006)

In situ microbial reduction of soluble U(VI) to sparingly soluble U(IV) was evaluated at the site of the former S-3 Ponds in Area 3 of the U.S. Department of Energy Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research Field Research Center, Oak Ridge, TN. After establishing conditions favorable for bioremediation (Wu, et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 3988-3995), intermittent additions of ethanol were initiated within the conditioned inner loop of a nested well recirculation system. These additions initially stimulated denitrification of matrix-entrapped nitrate, but after 2 months, aqueous U levels fell from 5 to approximately 1 microM and sulfate reduction ensued. Continued additions sustained U(VI) reduction over 13 months. X-ray near-edge absorption spectroscopy (XANES) confirmed U(VI) reduction to U(IV) within the inner loop wells, with up to 51%, 35%, and 28% solid-phase U(IV) in sediment samples from the injection well, a monitoring well, and the extraction well, respectively. Microbial analyses confirmed the presence of denitrifying, sulfate-reducing, and iron-reducing bacteria in groundwater and sediments. System pH was generally maintained at less than 6.2 with low bicarbonate level (0.75-1.5 mM) and residual sulfate to suppress methanogenesis and minimize uranium mobilization. The bioavailability of sorbed U(VI) was manipulated by addition of low-level carbonate (< 5 mM) followed by ethanol (1-1.5 mM). Addition of low levels of carbonate increased the concentration of aqueous U, indicating an increased rate of U desorption due to formation of uranyl carbonate complexes. Upon ethanol addition, aqueous U(VI) levels fell, indicating that the rate of microbial reduction exceeded the rate of desorption. Sulfate levels simultaneously decreased, with a corresponding increase in sulfide. When ethanol addition ended but carbonate addition continued, soluble U levels increased, indicating faster desorption than reduction. When bicarbonate addition stopped, aqueous U levels decreased, indicating adsorption to sediments. Changes in the sequence of carbonate and ethanol addition confirmed that carbonate-controlled desorption increased bioavailability of U(VI) for reduction.
Effect of Added Surfactant on Interfacial Tension and Spontaneous Emulsification in Alkali/Acidic Oil Systems (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Added Surfactant on Interfacial Tension and Spontaneous Emulsification in Alkali/Acidic Oil SystemsJeff Rudin, Camille Bernard, and Darsh T. WasanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 5, 1150–1158Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00029a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00029a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views780Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of transforming genes as hst in DNA samples from two human hepatocellular carcinomas. (1987)

In a DNA-mediated transfection assay using NIH3T3 cells, the DNAs from two out of twelve human hepatocellular carcinomas gave transformants. The transforming gene was identified as hst, which was originally found in DNAs from stomach cancers and a noncancerous portion of stomach mucosa, the putative product being a growth factor. Transcripts were not detected in the original HCC 1 and HCC2 upon Northern blot analysis. The possible mechanisms involved in the hst gene activation are discussed.
A Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminases (1957)

Journal Article A Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminases Get access Stanley Reitman, M.D., Stanley Reitman, M.D. Medical and Laboratory Sections, Research Institute, The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sam Frankel, Ph.D. Sam Frankel, Ph.D. Medical and Laboratory Sections, Research Institute, The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 28, Issue 1, 1 July 1957, Pages 56–63, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56 Published: 01 July 1957 Article history Received: 31 December 1956 Revision received: 11 March 1957 Accepted: 01 April 1957 Published: 01 July 1957
Desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry of anthracyclines and of trisaccharides related to aclacinomycin a and marcellomycin (1986)

Desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry with ammonia as the reagent gas was used to obtain positive ion spectra of twelve alkyl-anthraquinones, seven anthracyclinones, eleven anthracycline antibiotics and nine oligosaccharides (di- and trisaccharides). Ions corresponding to the intact molecules (M) were present in all spectra as pseudo-molecular ions [M + H]+ and/or [M + NH]+. However, the most significant results were obtained in the case of anthracyclines and oligosaccharides. With anthracyclines, in addition to the preceding ions, spectra exhibited characteristic fragment ions due to the aglycon or to the sugar moiety while ions corresponding to the sequential loss of monosaccharide units were observed with oligosaccharides. All these fragment ions can be readily explained by an initial site of protonation located at the oxygen atom of the glycosidic linkages.
Comparison of Community- and Health Care–Associated Methicillin-Resistant <EMPH TYPE="ITAL">Staphylococcus aureus</EMPH> Infection (2003)

Community-associated and health care-associated MRSA cases differ demographically and clinically, and their respective isolates are microbiologically distinct. This suggests that most community-associated MRSA strains did not originate in health care settings, and that their microbiological features may have contributed to their emergence in the community. Clinicians should be aware that therapy with beta-lactam antimicrobials can no longer be relied on as the sole empiric therapy for severely ill outpatients whose infections may be staphylococcal in origin.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Erectile Dysfunction in Korean Men: Results of an Epidemiological Study (2007)

The prevalences of ED and PE in Korean men were 13.4% (self-reported ED) and 11% (IELT <or= 2-min), respectively. Risk factors and other socioeconomic and mental health factors were associated with ED prevalence. Biochemical factors such as HbA1c, triglycerides, testosterone, and DHEA-S were significantly related to ED prevalence.
Biomineralisations in crustaceans: storage strategies (2004)

Les crustacés possèdent une remarquable aptitude à élaborer de manière cyclique deux types de calcification : un squelette externe (ou cuticule) inextensible, mais également, chez de nombreuses espèces, en fonction de leur mode de vie, des dépôts transitoires de calcium. Ils sont ainsi sujets à une balance calcique se produisant périodiquement entre deux sources de calcium, exogène et/ou endogène. Les structures de stockage, constituées en majorité de carbonate de calcium précipité au sein d’une matrice organique essentiellement protéique, sont très diversifiées. Alors que le carbonate de calcium se présente sous une forme essentiellement cristalline (pouvant coexister avec la forme amorphe) au niveau cuticulaire chez la plupart des espèces, il adopte une forme exclusivement amorphe au niveau des dépôts calciques. C’est la matrice organique qui est responsable du polymorphe et de la morphologie de la biominéralisation. C’est pourquoi la caractérisation des constituants des matrices organiques constitue un préalable à la compréhension de la formation des structures calcifiées : à ce jour, seules quelques protéines matricielles sont bien caractérisées chez les crustacés. Un autre intérêt des crustacés repose sur la présence d’épithéliums calcifiants (mais aussi décalcifiants), élaborant (et résorbant) les structures de stockage calcique, et dont l’étude permet de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement des tissus similaires rencontrés chez les vertébrés. De même, les crustacés constituent d’excellents modèles pour la compréhension de la régulation hormonale des systèmes calcifiants, d’autant qu’en plus d’un rôle probable de certains ecdystéroïdes, la trilogie hormonale contrôlant le métabolisme calcique des vertébrés (CT/PTH/Vit. D) pourrait être également fonctionnelle chez les crustacés.
DC 30 GHz bandwidth and 36 dB gain limiting amplifierfor 40 Gbit/s optical transmission systems (1997)

A monolithic limiting amplifier for high speed optical transmission systems has been fabricated using a 0.2 µm enhancement/depletion AlGaAs/GaAs-HEMT (fT = 60/55 GHz). The IC has a bandwidth of 30 GHz with a differential gain of 36 dB. The circuit features a differential configuration with active source followers to increase bandwidth. The power consumption is 700 mW using a single supply voltage of –4 V.
High average power, high current pulsed accelerator technology (2002)

High current pulsed accelerator technology was developed during the late 60's through the late 80's to satisfy the needs of various military related applications such as effects simulators, particle beam devices, free electron lasers, and as drivers for inertial confinement fusion devices. The emphasis in these devices is to achieve very high peak power levels, with pulse lengths on the order of a few 10's of nanoseconds, peak currents of up to 10's of MA, and accelerating potentials of up to 10's of MV. New high average power systems, incorporating thermal management techniques, are enabling the potential use of high peak power technology in a number of diverse industrial application areas such as materials processing, food processing, stack gas cleanup, and the destruction of organic contaminants. These systems employ semiconductor and saturable magnetic switches to achieve short pulse durations that can then be added to efficiently give MV accelerating potentials while delivering average power levels of a few 100's of kilowatts to perhaps many megawatts. The Repetitive High Energy Pulsed Power project is developing short-pulse, high current accelerator technology capable of generating beams with kJ's of energy per pulse delivered to areas of 1000 cm/sup 2/ or more using ions, electrons, or X-rays. Modular technology is employed to meet the needs of a variety of applications requiring from 100's of kV to MV's and from 10's to 100's of kA. Modest repetition rates, up to a few 100's of pulses per second (PPS), allow these machines to deliver average currents on the order of a few 100's of mA. The design and operation of the second generation 300 kW RHEPP-II machine, now being brought on-line to operate at 2.5 MV, 25 kA, and 100 PPS will be described in detail as one example of the new high average power, high current pulsed accelerator technology.
The effect of nimodipine on intracranial pressure (1987)

Nimodipine was administered by intravenous infusion to six male baboons before, during, and after 6 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Intracranial pressure (ICP) and systemic blood pressure were monitored continuously. An epidural balloon was inflated at regular intervals at three levels of arterial CO2 tension (25, 35, and 50 mm Hg) before and after the administration of nimodipine, and volume-pressure curves were generated. In every case, curves generated after intravenous nimodipine infusion were lower and shifted more to the right than the same set of curves generated before nimodipine administration, regardless of the baseline ICP. The reduction in ICP following nimodipine infusion was not due to a reduction in mean arterial blood pressure and was statistically significant at all three levels of pCO2 (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that, in the presence of elevated ICP due to cerebral infarction, there is no increased risk of exacerbating intracranial hypertension with the addition of nimodipine.
Orthogonal replication algorithm on cluster storage system (2003)

This paper presents a replication algorithm, which can be embedded in storage APIs provided by cluster storage systems and can improve the availability of storage. Compared with previous methods, this orthogonal algorithm is independent of data types and upper-level applications. It implements three data-consistency criteria for developers to select for their applications. Availability is object based and can be dynamically adjusted. Moreover, low latency of commands is obtained by reducing the communication among replicas as much as possible. We implemented this method partially in TODS, which is a distributed object persistent system running on COCs.
Metabolic network analysis reveals microbial community interactions in anammox granules (2017)

Microbial communities mediating anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represent one of the most energy-efficient environmental biotechnologies for nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, little is known about the functional role heterotrophic bacteria play in anammox granules. Here, we use genome-centric metagenomics to recover 17 draft genomes of anammox and heterotrophic bacteria from a laboratory-scale anammox bioreactor. We combine metabolic network reconstruction with metatranscriptomics to examine the gene expression of anammox and heterotrophic bacteria and to identify their potential interactions. We find that Chlorobi-affiliated bacteria may be highly active protein degraders, catabolizing extracellular peptides while recycling nitrate to nitrite. Other heterotrophs may also contribute to scavenging of detritus and peptides produced by anammox bacteria, and potentially use alternative electron donors, such as H<sub>2</sub>, acetate and formate. Our findings improve the understanding of metabolic activities and interactions between anammox and heterotrophic bacteria and offer the first transcriptional insights on ecosystem function in anammox granules.
Remote Sensing of the Lower Atmosphere: An Introduction (1994)

This introductory graduate level text focuses on atmospheric remote sensing. It provides a basic understanding of the important reactions between electromagnetic radiation and matter, and uses examples drawn from remote sensing to illustrate these interactions as they occur in the Earth's atmosphere. The book emphasises the conceptual aspects of the interactions, and understanding is tested throughout with worked examples and problems after each chapter. Stephens concentrates on an understanding of the interactions, rather than presenting mathematical details. In so doing, the book supplements atmospheric radiation topics, and places the technology and its application in the broader prespective of contemporary meteorology and atmospheric science.
Segmentation based on measures of contrast, homogeneity, and region size (1987)

Two algorithms are described for automatic image segmentation using a homogeneity measure and a contrast measure defined on the co-occurrence matrix of the image. The measure of contrast involves the concept of logarithmic response (adaptability with background intensity) of the human visual system. Provisions are made in two different ways to remove the undesirable thresholds. The effectiveness of the algorithms is demonstrated for a set of images having different types of histograms. Their performance is compared to that of existing algorithms.
Training of Surgeons in Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in the United States (2010)

Although many U.S. surgery residency programs provide PDC training, this training appears inadequate. Low PD use and lack of referrals limits surgical training at most centers. Nephrologists need to develop initiatives with surgeons to improve PDC training and outcomes.
Online Random Forest for Interactive Image Segmentation (2012)

Abstract. Many real-world applications require accurate segmentation of images into semantically-meaningful regions. In many cases one needs to obtain accurate segment maps for a large dataset of images that depict objects of certain semantic categories. As current state-of-the art methods for semantic image segmentation do not yet achieve the accuracy required for their use in real-world applications, they are not applicable in this case. The standard solution would be to apply interactive segmentation methods, however their use for a large number of images would be laborious and time-consuming. In this work we present an online learning framework for interactive semantic image segmentation that simplifies processing of such image datasets. This framework learns to recognize and segment user-defined target categories using the ground truth segmentations provided by user. While the user is working on ground truth image segmentation, our framework combines online-learned category models with the standard stroke-propagation mechanisms that are typically used in interactive segmentation methods. Our implementation of this framework in a software system has specific interface features that minimize the required amount of user input. We evaluate the implementation on several datasets from completely different domains (Sowerby dataset containing 7 different semantic categories, sheep &amp; cows dataset containing 3 categories, and 6 different flower datasets with 2 categories each). Usage of our system requires substantially less user effort compared to the traditional interactive segmentation methods. 1
On significance of the least significant bits for differential privacy (2012)

We describe a new type of vulnerability present in many implementations of differentially private mechanisms. In particular, all four publicly available general purpose systems for differentially private computations are susceptible to our attack.
Preparation and characterisation of lithium ion exchange composite for the recovery of lithium from brine (2017)

This paper presents the characterisation and application of a new ion exchange composite, manufactured by poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for recovery of lithium from natural brine. Synthesised MnO2 nano particles (HMO, final MnO2 ion-sieve) having high selectivity for lithium adsorption were used as inorganic ion-exchange adsorbent. Subsequently, the lithium ion exchange composite (CHMO, final MnO2 ion exchange composite) was prepared by dissolving PVDF in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and mixing with (HMO) in equal ratios. The produced polymeric solution acts as a binder and support to closely bond HMO together into a homogeneous three-dimensionally interpenetrating network after drying at 220°C. This composite presents a mesoporous/macroporous structure which allows free channel of the solution. It exhibits considerable Li+ adsorption capacities of 19.22 and 11.06 mg(Li+) g−1 (CHMO) in LiOH solution and lithium-enriched Lake Urmia, respectively. Efforts for improvement of the overall performances of CHMO are still in progress.
Tools for Assessing Neuropathic Pain (2009)

Giorgio Cruccu and Andrea Truini discuss a new pain assessment tool published in PLoS Medicine called Standardized Evaluation of Pain and they review other tools to assess neuropathic pain.
Virtual machines vs. containers in cloud gaming systems (2015)

In cloud gaming the game is rendered on a distant cloud server and the resulting video stream is sent back to the user who controls the game via a thin client. The high resource usage of cloud gaming servers is a challenge. Expensive hardware including GPUs have to be efficiently shared among multiple simultaneous users. The cloud servers use virtualization techniques to isolate users and share resources among dedicated servers. The traditional virtualization techniques can however inflict notable performance overhead limiting the user count for a single server. Operating-system-level virtualization instances known as containers are an emerging trend in cloud computing. Containers don't need to virtualize the entire operating system still providing most of the benefits of virtualization. In this paper, we evaluate the container-based alternative to traditional virtualization in cloud gaming systems through extensive experiments. We also discuss the differences needed in system implementation using the container approach and identify the existing limitations.
Characterization of Ultrasmall, Paramagnetic Magnetite Particles as Superparamagnetic Contrast Agents in MRI (2000)

Ultrasmall magnetite particles with a dextran coating were developed; the physical properties of these particles evaluated in vitro are described in this study.