gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RTOS Support for Multicore Mixed-Criticality Systems (2012)

Mixed-criticality scheduling algorithms, which attempt to reclaim system capacity lost to worst-case execution time pessimism, seem to hold great promise for multi core real-time systems, where such loss is particularly severe. However, the unique nature of these algorithms gives rise to a number of major challenges for the would-be implementer. This paper describes the first implementation of a mixed-criticality scheduling framework on a multi core system. We experimentally evaluate design trade offs that arise when seeking to isolate tasks of different criticalities and to maintain overheads commensurate with a standard RTOS. We also evaluate a key property needed for such a system to be practical: that the system be robust to breaches of the optimistic execution-time assumptions used in mixed-criticality analysis.
Effects of local facet and lattice damage on nucleation of diamond grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (1992)

Diamond deposition on an anisotropic etched Si and ion implanted Si surfaces have been examined here for the first time. Local facets on an anisotropic etched surface shows no nucleation of diamond. Synthetic diamond, in contrast, has been able to nucleate on an As+ or Si+ ion implanted Si substrate without diamond abrasive pretreatment. Selective deposition of diamond occurs only for low dose ion implantation, 100 keV 1014 cm−2, but not for high dose ion implantation, 100 KeV 1016 cm−2. Strain is proposed as the main reason for nucleation of diamond on the ion implanted Si substrates.
Piezoelectric oxide semiconductor field effect transistor touch sensing devices (2009)

This work presents piezoelectric oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (POSFET) based touch sensing devices. These devices are fabricated by spin coating thin (∼2.5 μm) piezoelectric polymer film directly on to the gate area of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistor. The polymer film is processed in situ and challenging issues such as in situ poling of piezoelectric polymer film, without damaging or altering the characteristics of underlying MOS devices, are successfully dealt with. The POSFET device represents an integral “sensotronic” unit comprising of transducer and the transistor—thereby sensing as well as conditioning (and processing) the touch signal at “same site.”
pH and Sodium Chloride Effects on Emulsifying Properties of Egg Yolk Phosvitin (1992)

ABSTRACT The emulsifying properties of phosvitin dissolved in water and 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M NaCl were determined from pH 3 to 10. The change in its emulsifying activity (EA) with pH was slight but significant (p<0.05) and emulsion stability (ES) was relatively high (68‐73%), except at pH 5 (17%) and 10 (48%). The EA of phosvitin was higher than that of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 3 or 8 and ES was higher than BSA at all pH levels except at pH 5 and 10. Added NaCl decreased in the EA of phosvitin at pH 3 and 10 and decreased the ES between pH 3 and 9. Increased instability of emulsions resulted mainly in coalescence of oil droplets at NaCl ≥ 0.5M. Salt increased the viscosity of phosvitin emulsion only at pH 3 but not at pH > 5. The viscosities of BSA emulsions were higher than those of phosvitin at pH 3, 5 or 8.
Thin film resonator technology (2005)

Advances in wireless systems have placed increased demands on high performance frequency control devices for operation into the microwave range. With spectrum crowding, high bandwidth requirements, miniaturization, and low cost requirements as a background, the thin film resonator technology has evolved into the mainstream of applications. This technology has been under development for over 40 years in one form or another, but it required significant advances in integrated circuit processing to reach microwave frequencies and practical manufacturing for high-volume applications. This paper will survey the development of the thin film resonator technology and describe the core elements that give rise to resonators and filters for today's high performance wireless applications.
An Identity-Free and On-Demand Routing Scheme against Anonymity Threats in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

Introducing node mobility into the network also introduces new anonymity threats. This important change of the concept of anonymity has recently attracted attentions in mobile wireless security research. This paper presents identity-free routing and on-demand routing as two design principles of anonymous routing in mobile ad hoc networks. We devise ANODR (ANonymous On-Demand Routing) as the needed anonymous routing scheme that is compliant with the design principles. Our security analysis and simulation study verify the effectiveness and efficiency of ANODR.
Transtrochanteric valgus osteotomy for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to acetabular dysplasia (2002)

Our study describes the mid-term clinical results of the use of transtrochanteric valgus osteotomy (TVO) for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to acetabular dysplasia. The operation included valgus displacement at the level of the lesser trochanter, and lateral displacement of the greater trochanter by inserting a wedge of bone. We reviewed 70 hips. The mean age of the patients at operation was 44 years (14 to 59). Most (90%) had advanced osteoarthritis. The scores for pain and gait had improved significantly at a mean follow-up of 9.4 years. The rate of survival until an endpoint of a further operation during a follow-up of ten years was 82%. The survival rate was 95% in patients with unilateral involvement who were less than 50 years of age at operation. TVO is a useful form of treatment for advanced osteoarthritis of the hip, particularly in young patients with unilateral disease.
Inhibitory Effects of Protamines on Proteolytic and Adhesive Activities of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (1999)

ABSTRACT Protamines (salmine prepared from sperm DNA of salmon and clupeine from herring sperm), which are basic peptides rich in arginine, were found to inhibit the proteolytic activity of arginine-specific cysteine protease (RC-protease) from Porphyromonas gingivalis . Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis revealed that the protamines competitively inhibited proteolytic activity with cleavage of benzoyl- l -arginine- p -nitroanilide, a synthetic substrate of RC-protease. Furthermore, the protamines were capable of binding strongly to P. gingivalis fimbriae and inhibited fimbrial interaction with immobilized fibronectin. These results clearly show that protamines are potent inhibitors of the proteolytic and adhesive activities of P. gingivalis.
Sacropelvic Fixation (2011)

To our knowledge, this report is the first description of a percutaneous minimally invasive approach to sacropelvic fixation in spinal fusion surgery. It is likely that this minimally invasive technique will result in less blood loss, lower infection rates, and a more rapid postoperative recovery than that associated with the more widely used open techniques.
Extracting Operating Modes from Building Electrical Load Data (2011)

Empirical techniques for characterizing electrical energy use now play a key role in reducing electricity consumption, particularly miscellaneous electrical loads, in buildings. Identifying device operating modes (mode extraction) creates a better understanding of both device and system behaviors. Using clustering to extract operating modes from electrical load data can provide valuable insights into device behavior and identify opportunities for energy savings. We present a fast and effective heuristic clustering method to identify and extract operating modes in electrical load data.
Direct die-to-database electron-beam inspection of fused silica imprint templates (2006)

Imprint lithography has been included on the ITRS Lithography Roadmap at the 32 and 22 nm nodes. Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL<sup>TM</sup>) is a unique method for printing sub-100 nm geometries. Relative to other imprinting processes S-FIL has the advantage that the template is transparent, thereby facilitating conventional overlay techniques. Further, S-FIL provides sub-100 nm feature resolution without the significant expense of multi-element, high quality projection optics or advanced illumination sources. However, since the technology is 1X, it is critical to address the infrastructure associated with the fabrication of templates. With respect to inspection, although defects as small as 70 nm have been detected using optical techniques, it is clear that it will be necessary to take advantage of the resolution capabilities of electron beam inspection techniques. The challenge is in inspecting templates composed purely of fused silica. This paper reports the inspection of both fused silica wafers and plates. The die-to-database inspection of the wafers was performed on an NGR2100 inspection system. Fused silica plates were inspected using an NGR4000 system. Three different experiments were performed. In the first study, Metal 1 and Logic patterns as small as 40 nm were patterned on a 200 mm fused silica wafer. The patterns were inspected using an NGR2100 die-to-database inspection system. In the second experiment, a 6025 fused silica plate was employed. Patterns with a limited field of view (FOV) were inspected using an NGR4000 reticle-based system. To test the tool's capability for larger FOVs, 16 × 16 μm areas on a MoSi half tone plate were scanned and stitched together to evaluate the tool's ability to reliably do die-to-database comparisons across larger inspection areas.
Decentralized Asynchronous Learning in Cellular Neural Networks (2012)

Cellular neural networks (CNNs), as previously described, consist of identical units called cells that are connected to their adjacent neighbors. These cells interact with each other in order to fulfill a common goal. The current methods involved in learning of CNNs are usually centralized (cells are trained in one location) and synchronous (all cells are trained simultaneously either sequentially or in parallel depending on the available hardware/software platform). In this paper, a generic architecture of CNNs is presented and a special case of supervised learning is demonstrated explaining the internal components of a cell. A decentralized asynchronous learning (DAL) framework for CNNs is developed in which each cell of the CNN learns in a spatially and temporally distributed environment. An application of DAL framework is demonstrated by developing a CNN-based wide-area monitoring system for power systems. The results obtained are compared against equivalent traditional methods and shown to be better in terms of accuracy and speed.
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE COLOSTRAL PEPTIDE, COLOSTROKININ, AND INANITION ON IMMUNOGLOBULIN ABSORPTION AND ADRENAL/THYROID RESPONSE IN THE BOVINE NEONATE. (1983)

Sixty-two newborn Holstein-Friesian calves were used to study the role of colostrokinin, serum cortisol, and serum thyroxine in the absorption of maternal immunoglobulin. Calves were removed from their dams prior to suckling and assigned one of four rations: colostrum, whole milk, milk plus colostral immunoglobulin, and milk plus immunoglobulin plus colostrokinin. Calves were fed their assigned ration either at birth or after twelve hours inanition. All calves were fed pooled colostrum at 24 hours postpartum. Blood samples were collected at seventeen times during the first 32 hours postpartum. Calves were born with high cortisol concentrations (88 ng/ml) which decreased (P < .05) within two hours postfeeding. Serum cortisol levels increased (P < .05) between two and three hours after calves ingested a colostral source of immunoglobulin. Time of initial feeding had no effect on the cortisol surge. No such increase was observed in neonates consuming an immunoglobulin-free milk ration. These results demonstrate that the immunoglobulin fraction of colostrum is responsible for initiating an increase in cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex. Within four hours postpartum, serum thyroxine concentrations increased (P < .05) at least 50% in all treatment groups regardless of whether the calves were fed or fasted. After peaking at 18 μg/dL, the serum thyroxine concentrations fell gradually throughout the duration of the collection period. Colostrokinin exhibited a biphasic effect on serum immunoglobulin concentrations which was dependent on the initial time of feeding. Calves exposed to colostrokinin in 0 hour feedings had serum immunoglobulin G concentrations significantly higher (P < .05) after 16 hours postpartum than animals not fed colostrokinin. Fasted calves, exposed to colostrokinin at 12 hours postpartum, had no increase in serum immunoglobulin G concentrations following a colostrum feeding at 24 hours postpartum. Fasted calves fed a ration not containing colostrokinin exhibited a two-fold increase in serum immunoglobulin G concentrations after the 24 hour colostrum feeding. Colostrokinin did not have an immediate effect on serum immunoglobulin G concentrations, but required an approximate twelve hour period to manifest its regulatory function. The presence or absence of colostrokinin in the experimental rations did not have any effect on the cortisol or thyroxine profiles. The variable serum immunoglobulin G profiles suggest that colostrokinin is involved in the acquisition of passive immunity by the calf, but colostrokinin may have more than one physiological role.
Mg<sup>2+</sup>-Dependent Conformational Changes in the Hammerhead Ribozyme (1996)

Conformational changes of the hammerhead ribozyme were examined by fluorescence changes of 2-aminopurine riboside incorporated either in the substrate or in the ribozyme. Fluorescence changes could be observed for both the substituted substrate and ribozyme upon complex formation, indicating a different environment for the 2-aminopurine in the complex. Ribozyme-substrate constructs for ciscleavage containing 2-aminopurine at various sites were used for the determination of binding constants of Mg2+ and Ca2+. Depending upon the site of 2-aminopurine substitutions, the fluorescence intensity upon addition of Mg2+ or Ca2+ was reduced by 0-50%. The measurements were performed in high ionic strength buffers such that base pairing in the helical regions is expected to be complete. With three of the ribozymes, the dependence of the fluorescence emission as a function of Mg2+ concentration could be fitted by single binding processes, whereas for the two remaining ribozymes a second binding process needed to be included. The binding constants range from 7600 M-1 down to 12 M-1 in 75 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) and indicate the presence of multiple binding sites in the ribozymes with varying degrees of affinity toward the metal ions. Mg2+ binding constants determined in the same buffer from the Mg2+ dependence of the cleavage rate are of the order of 100 M-1; thus, Mg2+ sites directly involved in catalysis are of intermediate affinity. The ribozyme containing 2-aminopurine in loop III demonstrated the highest binding constant whereas the ribozyme with a 2-aminopurine next to a 2'-deoxy-2'-aminocytosine at the cleavage site exhibited only low metal ion affinity. The data obtained for Ca2+ are very similar to those found for Mg2+. This approach provides a first set of data describing a Mg2+ binding topography to hammerhead RNA molecules and should be useful for the analysis of other RNA molecules.
Effects of Diacerein on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration (2001)

We investigated the effect of diacerein, an antiosteoarthritic agent, and its metabolite, rhein, on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from neutrophils as well as the protective effect of diacerein on indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration and its protection mechanism. Rhein inhibited the ROS production from N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-activated human peripheral neutrophils. Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration was significantly inhibited by oxygen radical scavengers and 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E(2) (dmPGE(2)) but not by allopurinol. Diacerein inhibited indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in a dose-dependent manner. Diacerein did not affect the gastric mucosal PGE(2) content. In addition, diacerein inhibited HCl + ethanol-induced gastric ulceration. These data indicate that the inhibitory effect of diacerein on indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration could be mediated not by the augmentation of gastric mucosal PGE(2) production but by the suppression of ROS production based on its inhibition of neutrophil activation.
Model-Driven Techniques for Evaluating the QoS of Middleware Configurations for DRE Systems (2005)

This paper provides two contributions to R&D on model-driven development (MDD) techniques that help codify the impact of middleware configurations on end-to-end distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) system quality of service (QoS). First, we describe how MDD techniques can help select middleware configuration parameters that satisfy key functional and QoS requirements of DRE systems. Second, we apply our MDD techniques to empirically evaluate the end-to-end QoS of representative DRE systems in the avionics and industrial manufacturing domains. Our results show how MDD techniques significantly enhance conventional ad hoc processes used by developers to configure middleware that meets the QoS needs of DRE systems.
A Simplified Extrusion Plastometer for Unvulcanized Rubber (1936)

A new extrusion plastometer for unvulcanized rubber is described. In this plastometer, the rubber sample is cut automatically and the extrusion chamber is filled in a single operation. The time of extrusion, which is measured by an accurate elapsed time indicator, is chosen as an index of plasticity. The plastometer is shown to be rugged, simple, and rapid in operation. Data are presented which establish the sensitivity and accuracy of the instrument. The results of the extrusion plastometer are discussed with respect to their correlation with those of the Williams plastometer and the United States Rubber Company shearing disk plastometer.
Kinematics of Grasping with the Modular Dextrous Hand. (1989)

The grasping stage of the modular dextrous hand is shown to allow up to 48 ways of realizing a given grasp triangle. A simple geometrical method of identifying the mechanism's singular configurations is described.
Simulation and Characterization for the Non-Linearity of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors with New Equivalent Circuits under Ac-Field (2007)

This paper describes examines the non-linearity of multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) with new equivalent circuits. The electric charge quantity (Q) was measured as a function of applied voltage (V) under 16 V ac-field to validate the ferroelectricity of MLCC with capacitance of 1 μF. The Q-V curves predicted under ac-field using B2 spice software showed the non-linearity of ferroelectricity in the high ac-field. The Q-V curve predictions were in agreement with the experimental data for the MLCC.
Hybrid Inflatable/Rigidizable Wings for High Altitude Applications (2009)

Technologies are being investigated that will enable the production and use of high altitude, long endurance (HALE) aircraft. Requirements for this application include a light weight and low storage volume to allow easier delivery of the vehicle to such altitudes. Ultraviolet (UV) light rigidizable inflatable wings offer a means of achieving the high packing efficiency required as well as offering the capability of higher L/D that is required for HALE applications. Rigidization of inflatable wings is the key, providing several potential advantages, including reduced vulnerability to punctures, increasing stiffness and load-carrying capability, allowing a higher aspect ratio for high altitude efficiency and longer missions, and reducing weight by eliminating the make up pressurization supply.
Skew And Delay Optimization For Reliable Buffered Clock Trees (2005)

Recenily, several design auiomaiion approaches for delay and skew minimization of clock nets have been proposed. These approaches are based upon varying the widths and lengths of the clock tree wires io minimize skew and sometimes delay. In this paper, concurrent buffer insertion and global wire width adjusimenis are used to reliably reduce both delay and power from that obtained for a reliable buflerless soluiion. Moreover, in spite of ihe belief ihai ihe mismaich in bufler delays can resuli in significant clock skew, our resulis show ihai buflers can actually reduce the process dependent skew for a reliable design.
Generation of ultrabroadband femtosecond pulses in the mid-infrared by optical rectification of 15 fs light pulses at 100 MHz repetition rate (1995)

Quasi-single-cycle near-infrared light pulses with a measured spectrum extending from 7 to 15 μm have been generated, opening up new perspectives in IR spectroscopy. The method is based on the rectification of 0.8 μm 10–15 fs light pulses from a 100 MHz oscillator, using the instantaneous second-order polarizability of bulk semiconductors such as GaAs.
Molecular mechanism of the intestinal biotin transport process (1999)

Previous studies have characterized different aspects of the cellular/membrane mechanism and regulation of the intestinal uptake process of the water-soluble vitamin biotin. Little, however, is known about the molecular mechanisms of the uptake process. In this study, we have identified a cDNA from rat small intestine that appears to be involved in biotin transport. The open reading frame of this cloned cDNA consisted of 1,905 bases and was identical to that identified for the vitamin transporter in placental tissue. Significant heterogeneity, however, was found in the 5' untranslated region of this clone, with three distinct variants (II, III, IV) being identified in the small intestine; the placental variant (variant I), however, was not present in the small gut. Variant II was found to be the predominant form expressed in the rat small and large intestines. Functional identity of the cloned intestinal cDNA was confirmed by stable expression in COS-7 cells, which showed a four- to fivefold increase in biotin uptake in transfected COS-7 cells compared with controls. The induced biotin uptake in transfected COS-7 cells was found to be 1) Na(+) dependent, 2) saturable as a function of concentration with an apparent K(m) of 8. 77 microM and a V(max) of 779.7 pmol. mg protein(-1). 3 min(-1), and 3) inhibited by unlabeled biotin and pantothenic acid and their structural analogs. The distribution of complementary mRNA transcripts of the cloned cDNA along the vertical and longitudinal axes of the intestinal tract was also determined. Results of this study describe the molecular characteristics of the intestinal biotin absorption process and report the identification of a cDNA that encodes a Na(+)-dependent biotin uptake carrier that appears to exist in the form of multiple variants.