gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Stability of Monomeric .lambda. Repressor: NMR Evidence for Two-State Folding (1995)

The absence of equilibrium intermediates in protein folding reactions (i.e., two-state folding) simplifies thermodynamic and kinetic analyses but is difficult to prove rigorously. We demonstrate a sensitive method for detecting partially folded species based on using proton chemical shifts as local probes of structure. The coincidence of denaturation curves for probes throughout the molecule is a particularly stringent test for two-state folding. In this study we investigate a new form of the N-terminal domain of bacteriophage lambda repressor consisting of residues 6-85 (lambda 6-85) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD). This truncated version lacks the residues required for dimerization and is monomeric under the conditions used for NMR. Heteronuclear NMR was used to assign the 1H, 15N, and backbone 13C resonances. The secondary and tertiary structure of lambda 6-85 is very similar to that reported for the crystal structure of the DNA-bound 1-92 fragment [Beamer, L. J., and Pabo, C. O. (1992) J. Mol. Biol. 227, 177-196], as judged by analysis of chemical shifts, amide hydrogen exchange, amide-alpha coupling constants, and nuclear Overhauser enhancements. Thermal and urea denaturation studies were conducted using the chemical shifts of the four aromatic side chains as local probes and the CD signal at 222 nm as a global probe. Plots of the fraction denatured versus denaturant concentration obtained from these studies are identical for all probes under all conditions studied. This observation provides strong evidence for two-state folding, indicating that there are no populated intermediates in the folding of lambda 6-85.
Integrated electrodes for electrical capacitance tomography (2002)

This paper describes the design of circuitry which can be mounted directly on the electrodes in an electrical capacitance tomography system such that the effects of stray capacitance are reduced. This allows increased operating frequencies to be employed which leads to improvements in sensitivity. These, so called, integrated electrodes are based on custom CMOS capacitance transducers which utilise the charge discharge circuit. Digital, bit-serial, communications allow fast, reliable and efficient transfer of data.
Shp2 Controls Female Body Weight and Energy Balance by Integrating Leptin and Estrogen Signals (2012)

In mammals, leptin regulates food intake and energy balance mainly through the activation of LepRb in the hypothalamus, and estrogen has a leptin-like effect in the hypothalamic control of metabolism. However, it remains to be elucidated how estrogen signaling is intertwined with the leptin pathway. We show here that Shp2, a nonreceptor tyrosine phosphatase, acts to integrate leptin and estrogen signals. The expression of a dominant-active mutant (Shp2(D61A)) in forebrain neurons conferred female, but not male, transgenic mice resistance to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and liver steatosis, accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Fed with either HFD or regular chow food, Shp2(D61A) female mice showed dramatically enhanced leptin sensitivity. Microinjection of Shp2(D61A)-expressing adeno-associated virus into mediobasal hypothalamus elicited a similar antiobese effect in female mice. Biochemical analyses showed a physical association of Shp2 with estrogen receptor alpha, which is necessary for the synergistic and persistent activation of Erk by leptin and estrogen. Together, these results elucidate a mechanism for the direct cross talk of leptin and estrogen signaling and offer one explanation for the propensity of postmenopausal women to develop obesity.
Methodologies and Metrics for Assessing the Strength of Relationships between Entities within Semantic Graphs (2005)

Semantic graphs are becoming a valuable tool for organizing and discovering information in an increasingly complex analysis environment. This paper investigates the use of graph topology to measure the strength of relationships in a semantic graph. These relationships are comprised of some number of distinct paths, whose length and configuration jointly characterize the strength of association. We explore these characteristics through the use of three distinct algorithms respectively based upon an electrical conductance model, Newman and Girvan's measure of betweenness [5], and cutsets. Algorithmic performance is assessed based upon a collection of partially ordered subgraphs which were constructed according to our subjective beliefs regarding strength of association.
Performance analysis for DOA estimation algorithms using physical parameters (1992)

Subspace-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation has attracted many excellent performance studies, but limitations such as the analysis of individual algorithms generally exist in these performance studies. The authors previously proposed a unified performance analysis based on a finite amount of data, and achieved a tractable expression for the mean-squared DOA estimation error for the MUSIC, Min-Norm, ESPRIT, and state-space realization algorithms. However, this expression uses the singular values and vectors of a data matrix. Thus, the effects of the original data parameters such as numbers of sensors and snapshots, source coherence, and separations were not explicitly analyzed. In this work, the authors have further unified and simplified their previous results and derived a unified expression based on the original data parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Beam, Deflection, and Scanning Technologies (1991)

The prevalence of endometriosis appears to be higher in Filipino, Indian, Japanese, and Korean women presenting for IVF treatment than for Caucasian women; however, the discrepancy in IVF outcomes was conditionally independent of the presence of endometriosis. Future research should focus on improving pregnancy outcomes for Asian populations whether or not they are affected by endometriosis, specifically in the form of longitudinal studies where exposures can be captured prior to endometriosis diagnoses and infertility treatment.
Three-site space-diversity experiment at 20 GHz using ACTS in the Eastern United States (1997)

A three-site rain-fade space-diversity measurements experiment at 20 GHz has been in near continuous operation since September 1, 1994. Two receiver sites (at the Applied Phys. Laboratory ~APL\ of The Johns Hopkins University and COMSAT Laboratories) are located in Central Maryland, and the other is located in Virginia. The APL and COMSAT locations are separated by 33 km. The Virginia site is separated from APL by 44.5 km and from COMSAT by 30.5 km. Receivers at each of the sites measure the 20-GHz CW signal level from the radiating beacon onboard the geostationary Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS). Because of the lateral variability of rain, the likelihood is diminished that intense rain cells will simultaneously intersect all three Earth-satellite paths. There is also a reduced likelihood that intense rain will simultaneously intersect two Earth-satellite paths associated with different two-site scenarios. Hence, a substantially smaller rain-fade margin is required when the sites operate in a diversity mode (e.g., connected together such that the largest signal is used) vis-a-vis uncoupled single terminal operation. In this effort, we examine the efficacy of employing three-site and two-site space-diversity systems to reduce the required fade margin. Single- and joint-terminal rain-fade distributions are calculated for both the three-site and different combinations of two-site scenarios. Diversity gains, which give a measure of the reduced fade margin, are determined from these distributions. The distributions and diversity gains are also individually determined for two six-month periods of the year for which precipitation is predominantly convective or stratiform, respectively. Comparisons between measured diversity gains and those estimated using the model of the radiocommunications sector of the International Telecommunications Union are made.
ENZYME MEDIATED OXIDATIVE POLYMERIZATION OF 4-HYDROXYBENZYL ALCOHOL FOR OPTICAL APPLICATIONS (2002)

ABSTRACT Poly(4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) was synthesized enzymatically starting with 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent in methanol and 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) mixture (1:1, v/v) and at room temperature (25°C). Polymerization reaction was catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The polymer formed was characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopic studies, which revealed that HRP catalyzed polymer is composed of a mixture of phenylene and oxyphenylene units and alcoholic hydroxyl groups are not participating in the polymerization. The resulting poly(4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) contains pendant primary hydroxyl groups which provide an opportunity to further functionalize the polymer. The post-functionalization of enzymatically synthesized polymers with photoresponsive chromophores provides new molecularly engineered materials that are useful in photonics and sensor applications.
Slippery Business (2012)

Depuis sa fondation en 1977, le Comité de Pêche Intertribal de la Rivière Columbia est devenu un acteur important dans l’effort pour protéger et restaurer les montaisons de saumon en voie de disparition du Nord-Ouest du Pacifique. Sur certaines questions, cependant, le CPITRC et les tribus se sont confrontés à leurs alliés « naturels » du mouvement environnementaliste non-Indien. Dans le même temps, certains pêcheurs tribaux continuent à se méfier des méthodes technocratiques du comité et à éprouver du ressentiment face aux compromis qu’il fait au nom de la gestion coopérative. Plutôt qu’un front solide, les différentes organisations environnementales qui favorisent la restauration du saumon constituent une coalition instable et souvent indisciplinée. Cet article permet d’étudier de près les relations conflictuelles entre les Indiens et les écologistes dans le monde moderne des États-Unis. Bien qu’encore largement considérés comme des symboles d’une bonne gestion de l’environnement, les Amérindiens adoptent des positions sur les questions environnementales qui remettent en question le trope familier de l’Indien écologique. Cet essai remet aussi en cause le récit du déclin qui domine encore à la fois l’histoire amérindienne et environnementale. Alors que les menaces sur le saumon sauvage et la culture autochtone sont légion, le CPITRC offre un exemple encourageant de gestion audacieuse de l’environnement par des communautés autochtones.
Effects of the thiazolidinedione derivative CGP 19984 on growth and endocrine function of the Mtt‐W10 transplantable mammosmatotoropic pituitary tumor in female rats (1988)

Abstract The thiazolidinedione derivative CGP 19984 has previously been shown to suppress the growth of hormone‐dependent mammary and prostatic tumors, primarily by reducing gonadotropin and subsequently gonadal steroid secretion. The present study examines the effects of CGP 19984 on the growth and hormone secretion of the autonomous, but estrogen‐responsive, MtT‐W10 mammosomatotropic transplantable rat pituitary tumor. Intact tumor‐bearing Wistar/Furth female rats were administered vehicle or 25, 100, or 250 mg/ kg CGP 19984 p. o. 5 × week for 4 weeks. CGP 19984 was found to significantly reduce MtT‐W 10 tumor growth and weight and reduce prolactin and growth hormone (GH) secretion in a dose‐responsive manner. A similar study in ovariectomized rats also showed that CGP 19984 treatment suppressed MtT‐W 10 pituitary tumor growth, weight and hormone secretion in a dose‐responsive manner, suggesting a direct inhibitory action of this drug on the tumor. In a third study, bromocryptine (CB‐154; 5 mg/kg) and CGP 19984 (50 mg/kg) were both found to be effective in suppressing growth of the MtT‐W 10 tumor in intact female rats. However, rats treated with CGP 19984 alone had reduced serum and tumor GH and prolactin concentrations, while rats treated with CB‐ 154 alone had reduced serum and tumor prolactin, but no change in GH concentrations. These results suggest that CGP 19984 effectively inhibits growth and hormone secretion of the autonomous MtT‐W 10 pituitary tumor by apparently suppressing both somatotropic and lactotropic cell populations within the tumor. Furthermore, these findings indicate that CGP 19984 may be an effective alternative to CB‐154 in the clinical treatment of prolactin‐producing adenomas, as well as other types of pituitary adenomas.
Phenotypic Switching of<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>Can Produce Variants That Elicit Increased Intracranial Pressure in a Rat Model of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis (2005)

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) plays an important role in the morbidity and mortality of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. The microbial and host factors that contribute to the development of increased ICP are poorly understood. We found that phenotypic switch variants of Cryptococcus neoformans (smooth and mucoid) differed in their abilities to promote increased ICP in a rat model of cryptococcal meningitis. Rats infected with the mucoid variant developed increased ICP, whereas rats infected with the smooth parent did not. This trend correlated with a shorter survival time and a higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fungal burden for mucoid variant-infected rats, although brain fungal burdens were comparable between mucoid variant- and smooth parent-infected rats. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enhanced T2 signal intensity over the surfaces of the brains of mucoid variant-infected rats. In addition, more polysaccharide accumulated in the CSF and brains of mucoid variant-infected rats. The accumulation of glucorunoxylomannan was associated with elevated levels of MCP-1 (CCL2) and, accordingly, a more pronounced but ineffective monocytic inflammatory response in the meninges of mucoid variant-infected rats. In summary, these findings suggest that strain-specific characteristics can influence the development of increased ICP and indicate a manner in which phenotypic switching could influence the outcome of a central nervous system infection.
Two fluorinated fluoroxy compounds containing a fluorosulfonyl group (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo fluorinated fluoroxy compounds containing a fluorosulfonyl groupWerner Storzer and Darryl D. DesMarteauCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 22, 4122–4125Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00022a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00022a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>MXAN</i> : a new software procedure to perform geometrical fitting of experimental XANES spectra (2001)

A new software procedure, MXAN, to fit experimental XANES spectra is presented here. The method is based on the comparison between the experimental spectrum and several theoretical calculations generated by changing the relevant geometrical parameter of the site around the absorbing atom. The x-ray photoabsorption cross section is calculated using the general multiple-scattering scheme, utilizing a complex Hedin-Lunqvist energy-dependent potential to describe the exchange correlation interaction. Our method has been applied to the study of geometrical environment of the tetrahedral zinc site of the protein superoxide dismutase (SOD). The experimental Zn K-edge XANES spectrum has been fitted in the space of the first shell coordination parameters (ligand distances and angles) following the behavior of the chi-square as a function of the local distortion from the starting crystallographic structure. The recovered structure is found to be independent on the starting conditions, showing the theoretical uniqueness of the structural solution. Strengths and limitations of the application to real systems are also discussed.
SDNet: Contextualized Attention-based Deep Network for Conversational Question Answering (2018)

Conversational question answering (CQA) is a novel QA task that requires understanding of dialogue context. Different from traditional single-turn machine reading comprehension (MRC) tasks, CQA includes passage comprehension, coreference resolution, and contextual understanding. In this paper, we propose an innovated contextualized attention-based deep neural network, SDNet, to fuse context into traditional MRC models. Our model leverages both inter-attention and self-attention to comprehend conversation context and extract relevant information from passage. Furthermore, we demonstrated a novel method to integrate the latest BERT contextual model. Empirical results show the effectiveness of our model, which sets the new state of the art result in CoQA leaderboard, outperforming the previous best model by 1.6% F1. Our ensemble model further improves the result by 2.7% F1.
Gain-Flattened Raman Amplification Scheme for WDM Transmission (2001)

We proposed a gain-flattened amplification scheme using two types of Raman amplifiers with different pumping wavelength allocations. The average gain-deviation per amplifier without gain equalization was only 0.2 dB in a 39-nm bandwidth.
Fault-tolerance in process control : possibilities, limitations and trends (1990)

One considers fault-tolerance for low level process controllers. The methods are however applicable to all kinds of computer systems. An introduction to fault-tolerance and a fault-study are given first. Subsequently it is possible to study the possibilities and limitations of the different hardware fault-tolerance techniques. One concludes with some comments on software fault-tolerance, multiprocessor and distributed systems
Highly Conducting Nanosized Monodispersed Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Particles Synthesized via Nonaqueous Sol−Gel Procedure (2009)

Conducting antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles are prepared by a nonaqueous solution route, using benzyl alcohol as both the oxygen source and the solvent, and tin tetrachloride and various Sb(III) and Sb(V) compounds as tin and antimony sources, respectively. This reaction produces nonagglomerated crystalline particles 3−4 nm in size, which can be easily redispersed in high concentrations in a variety of solvents to form stable transparent colloidal solutions without any stabilizing agents. The synthesis temperature is the most important processing parameter largely governing the reaction course and the particle properties, while the nature of the antimony source has only a marginal influence. The cassiterite SnO2 lattice can accommodate up to 30 mol % antimony without significant changes in the structure. The incorporation of an increasing percentage of antimony causes a continuous decrease in particle size and a slight asymmetric lattice distortion. The introduction of an antimony dopant dramatically increases the particle conductivity, which reaches a maximum for 4% antimony, being more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the pristine SnO2 nanoparticles. The obtained conductivity of 1 × 10−4 S/cm is the highest ever reported for the nonannealed nanosized ATO particles. Annealing in air at 500 °C further improves the conductivity to 2 × 102 S/cm, because of the particle sintering. Exceptionally high conductivity, small size, narrow size distribution, and dispersibility in various organic solvents make the ATO nanoparticles excellent primary building units for assembling nanostructured transparent conducting oxide materials with defined porous architectures.
Nanofabricated multilayer coatings of Zn-Ni alloy for better corrosion protection (2013)

As an effort to increase the corrosion resistance of conventional monolayer Zn-Ni alloy coating, the multilayer Zn-Ni alloy coating have been done electrolytically on mild steel (MS), using gelatin and glycerol as additives. Multilayered, or more correctly composition modulated multilayer alloy (CMMA) coatings have been developed using square current pulse. Successive layers of alloys, in nanometric scale having alternately changing composition were fabricated by making the cathode current to cycle between two values, called cyclic cathode current densities (CCCD’s). The coatings having different configuration, in terms of composition and thicknesses of individual layers were developed and their corrosion performances were evaluated by electrochemical methods. The corrosion rate (CR)’s were found to decrease drastically with progressive increase in number of layers (up to 300 layers), and then increased. The coating configurations have been optimized for best protection against corrosion. The CMMA Zn-Ni coating having 300 layers was found to be about 37 times more corrosion resistant than corresponding monolayer alloy, developed from same bath for same time. High protection efficacy of the coatings were attributed to alternate layers of alloys having different surface structure and composition, supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) study, respectively. Optimization procedure has been explained, and results are discussed.
A Computer Based System for Data Acquisition and Control of Scientific Experiments on Remote Platforms (1976)

The observation and measurement of environmental processes is made simple and economical using a minicomputer based system which controls activities and logs data from a remote unattended platform by 20 000 baud, digital, cable telemetry. The remote station electronics is bus oriented and provides A/D and D/A conversion, logical input/output and servo motor control. The minicomputer, an Interdata 74 with only 16K-byte core, houses a novel, real time, multi-tasking operating system featuring an interpretive language called REMCODE. One version of this system operates a submersible water quality analyzer which connects, via the dialed telephone network, to a central computer for real time data retrieval and remote reprogramming. Another version samples 48 analog plus 6 digital inputs at rates up to 20 Hz, from a tower in Lake Ontario and logs them onto computer-compatible magnetic tape.