gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-phase Cooling of Datacenters: Reduction in Energy Costs and Improved Efficiencies (2010)

Cooling of datacenters is estimated to have an annual electricity cost of 1.4 billion dollars in the United States and 3.6 billion dollars worldwide. Currently, refrigerated air is the most widely used means of cooling datacenter’s servers. According to recent articles published at the ASHRAE Winter Annual Meeting at Dallas, typically 40% or more of the refrigerated airflow bypasses the server racks in datacenters. The cost of energy to operate a server for 4 years is now on the same order as the initial cost to purchase the server itself, meaning that the choice of future servers should be evaluated on their total 4 year cost, not just their initial cost. Based on the above issues, thermal designers of data centers and server manufacturers now seem to agree that there is an immediate need to improve the server cooling process. Especially considering that modern datacenters require the dissipation of 5 to 15MW of heat, and the fact that 40-45% of the total energy consumed in a datacenter is for the cooling of servers. This makes the way in which servers are cooled and the recovery of the dissipated heat all the more attractive. This would also lead to a reduction of the overall CO2 footprint of the datacenter. The present study develop a case study considering a vapour compression and a liquid pumping cooling systems applied on a datacenter and exploring the application of energy recovered in the condenser on a feedwater heater of a coal power plant. Aspects such as minimization of energy consumption and CO2 footprint and maximization of energy recovery and power plant efficiency are investigated. The results showed for the added heat, when the pressure of the feedwater heater is optimized, an increase of the overall plant efficiency up to 2.2%. For a 500MW coal power plant, this translates to a savings of roughly 195 000 tons of CO2 per year.
Carcass composition and yield of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets (2003)

The yield of carcass parts as well as levels of carcass fat, moisture, and ash were measured in the 1957 Athens-Canadian Randombred Control (ACRBC) and in the Ross 308 commercial broiler, when fed diets that were representative of those being fed during 1957 and 2001. The Ross 308 was used to represent 2001 commercial broilers. Comparisons of carcass weights of the Ross 308 on the 2001 diet versus the ACRBC on the 1957 diet showed they were 6.0, 5.9, 5.2, and 4.6 times heavier than the ACRBC at 43, 57, 71, and 85 d of age, respectively. Yields of hot carcass without giblets (fat pad included) were 12.3, 13.6, 12.2, and 11.1 percentage points higher for the Ross 308 than for the ACRBC at those ages. The yields of total breast meat for the Ross 308 were 20.0, 21.3, 21.9, and 22.2% and were 8.4, 9.9, 10.3, and 9.8 percentage points higher than for the ACRBC at those ages. Yields of saddle and legs for the Ross 308 broiler were approximately 31 to 32% over the four ages and were about 1.5 to 2% higher than for the ACRBC at the different ages. The Ross 308 averaged 13.7, 15.0, 18.6, and 18.5% whole carcass fat versus 8.5, 10.6, 12.7, and 14.0% for the ACRBC at the four ages. In conjunction with previous studies, the current data show that yield of broiler carcass parts has continued to increase over time and that genetics has been the major contributor to changes in yield.
Replicon Clusters Are Stable Units of Chromosome Structure: Evidence That Nuclear Organization Contributes to the Efficient Activation and Propagation of S Phase in Human Cells (1998)

In proliferating cells, DNA synthesis must be performed with extreme precision. We show that groups of replicons, labeled together as replicon clusters, form stable units of chromosome structure. HeLa cells were labeled with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at different times of S phase. At the onset of S phase, clusters of replicons were activated in each of approximately 750 replication sites. The majority of these replication "foci" were shown to be individual replicon clusters that remained together, as stable cohorts, throughout the following 15 cell cycles. In individual cells, the same replication foci were labeled with BrdU and 5-iododeoxyuridine at the beginning of different cell cycles. In DNA fibers, 95% of replicons in replicon clusters that were labeled at the beginning of one S phase were also labeled at the beginning of the next. This shows that a subset of origins are activated both reliably and efficiently in different cycles. The majority of replication forks activated at the onset of S phase terminated 45-60 min later. During this interval, secondary replicon clusters became active. However, while the activation of early replicons is synchronized at the onset of S phase, different secondary clusters were activated at different times. Nevertheless, replication foci pulse labeled during any short interval of S phase were stable for many cell cycles. We propose that the coordinated replication of related groups of replicons, that form stable replicon clusters, contributes to the efficient activation and propagation of S phase in mammalian cells.
Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. VI. Defective DNA originates from the S component (1976)

We previously reported that serial propagation of the Justin strain of herpes simplex virus 1 [HSV-1 (Justin)] results in the generation of defective DNA molecules consisting of tandem repetitions of sequences of limited complexity. In the present study, HSV-1 DNA was cleaved with the restriction endonucleases BglII and EcoRI. The fragments were electrophoretically separated on agarose gels, transferred to nitrocellulose strips, and then hybridized with 32P-labeled HSV-1 (Justin) defective DNA. The data allow us to conclude that DNA sequences contained in the repeat unit of defective DNA originate from the S segment of the wild-type viral DNA molecule.
Wide-slotted printed slotline radiator (2003)

This paper summarizes the investigation of radiation from the slotline made on a thin low permittivity substrate. The slot radiates the space leaky wave of the first order. The dispersion characteristic of this wave is presented. Two versions of the antenna were designed, optimized and fabricated. The wide slot is fed by the microstrip patch in the first design, and by the CPW patch in the second design. The measured and calculated return loss and also the radiation patterns compare well for both the first and the second antenna.
A wireless handheld system for interactive multimedia-enhanced instruction (2003)

This paper introduces a new wireless handheld computer System (hardware and software) for interactive multimedia-enhanced instruction. This versatile system provides all the multimedia and communication functionality of a traditional desktop computer in a portable device. The system allows the instructor to manage a lecture presentation, access web pages, and control the classroom environment. To encourage classroom interaction, the system includes a web-server where students can anonymously pose questions and voice opinions via their computer In our experience, over 90% of students respond to instructor questions in this fashion, which is considerably higher than in a traditional classroom setting. Furthermore, this system has a relatively small cost in comparison to conventional multimedia based systems.
APPLICATION OF HIGH-PENETRATING INTROSCOPY SYSTEMS FOR RECOGNITION OF MATERIALS (2000)

The paper shows possibility of usage of highpenetrating introscopy systems operating in dual energy mode in 4-10 MeV energy range for recognition of groups of materials according to their atomic number. The recognition method itself, its effectiveness and limits of applicability are discussed. The results of recognition processing of interlaced images scanned out in dual energy mode are presented. Some improvement tools of the method and possibility of its implementation in customs inspection systems for vehicles and large-scale containers are briefly discussed.
Fluoroquinolone Resistance in <i>Ureaplasma parvum</i> in the United States (2006)

We report the first case of naturally occurring fluoroquinolone resistance in Ureaplasma spp. from the United States. Resistance in this case probably developed as a result of mutations in the gyrA and parC genes of the DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV complex that occurred in the presence of antimicrobial selective pressure.
Efficacy of MitoTracker Green™ and CMXrosamine to measure changes in mitochondrial membrane potentials in living cells and tissues (2004)

Our results indicate that CMXRos is a nontoxic sensitive indicator of relative changes in MMP, whereas MTG is relatively insensitive to MMP and oxidative stress, using both flow and LSCM analyses, provided optimal staining conditions are used. In addition, these dyes can be useful for the study of mitochondrial morphology and function in whole tissues, using LSCM.
Characterization of Maternal and Zygotic D-raf Proteins: Dominant Negative Effects on Torso Signal Transduction (1997)

The maternal D-raf serine/threonine kinase acts downstream of Torso (Tor) for specification of cell fates at the embryonic termini. D-raf activity is also required in other signal transduction pathways and consistent with its pleiotropic role, we find accumulation of a 90-kD D-raf protein throughout embryonic development. We also characterize the accumulation of maternal D-raf proteins in 0-2-hr embryos derived from females with germ cells lacking D-raf activity. Accumulation of a 90-kD or truncated mutant D-raf protein is observed for some of these embryos, while others lack the maternal D-raf protein. Then to determine whether rescue of the Tor pathway is influenced by pools of nonfunctional maternal D raf. wild-type D-raf mRNA was injected into embryos that inherit maternal stores of inactive 90-kD of truncated D-raf protein. For embryos lacking the maternal D-raf protein, a high level of terminal rescue is obtained. In contrast, rescue is reduced or not observed for embryos that accumulate mutant maternal D-raf proteins. These findings suggest that mutant forms of D-raf may deplete the embryo of a positive activator and/or form inactive protein complexes that affect rescue of the Tor pathway.
Dietary inclusion of tannin extract from red quebracho trees (Schinopsis spp.) in the rabbit meat production (2009)

Two levels (1% and 3%) of condensed tannin extract from red quebracho (QT) were added to a diet of growing rabbits in a 6-wk feeding trial up to 12 wk of age. Health status was unaffected by the QT supplementation. The E. coli count of caecal content denoted a bactericidal activity of the QT. Weight gain and slaughter weigh were significantly higher and conversion index was significantly lower in rabbits fed QT diets, compared to those fed the control diet (P<0.05). Meat traits, as well the meat fatty acid profile weren’t influenced by the QT supplementation. Our results contributed to increase the knowledge on the dietary use of QT in the rabbit. QT extract supplemented at 1% and 3% in fattening rabbits diet had a clear beneficial effect on live performance. Further studies are needed to assess if supplementing diets with QT can be a valuable strategy.
Improving classification performance with discretization on biomedical datasets. (2008)

Discretization acts as a variable selection method in addition to transforming the continuous values of the variable to discrete ones. Machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machines and Random Forests have been used for classification in high-dimensional genomic and proteomic data due to their robustness to the dimensionality of the data. We show that discretization can help improve significantly the classification performance of these algorithms as well as algorithms like Naïve Bayes that are sensitive to the dimensionality of the data.
A comparative study of immobilized amyloglucosidase in a packed bed reactor and a continuous feed stirred tank reactor (1971)

Abstract The catalytic activity of amyloglucosidase covalently attached to DEAE‐cellulose was studied in a packed bed reactor and a continuous feed stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for the reaction maltose → glucose. At low flow rates mass‐transfer limitations in the bed reactor lead to lower conversions for this reactor compared to the CSTR. Simple theoretical expressions for these reactors were compared with the experimental results. There are significant differences between the kinetic parameters and pH profile of the immobilized and free enzyme. The immobilized enzyme also showed greater stability at 50°C than did free amyloglucosidase. The temperature dependence of the reaction rate was the same for immobilized and free enzyme.
HIV Preventive Vaccines (1995)

The major conceptual problem for HIV vaccine development has been the lack of information on immune responses known to correlate with protection against HIV infection in humans. In this regard, studies on the natural history of HIV infection and AIDS, especially of people with apparent resistance to HIV infection and of patients with HIV infection who have long term survival without disease progression, may provide important information for vaccine development. In addition, a major concern for the development of broadly effective vaccines has been the extensive genetic variability which is characteristic of HIV. In spite of these unknowns, the first generation of HIV candidate vaccines has been developed and evaluated. HIV candidate vaccines based on the subunit recombinant envelope concept (gp120 or gp160) have been shown to protect chimpanzees from HIV infection on challenge, and have now been evaluated in humans in phase I and phase II trials. These products are well tolerated, and capable of inducing neutralising antibodies, but not cytotoxic T lymphocytes. A second vaccine concept, currently in phase I trials, is based on live recombinant vectors, especially using poxvirus vectors followed by boosting with subunit recombinant envelope vaccines. This concept is theoretically very attractive because preliminary data suggest that these vaccines induce both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. However, no published information is available on the ability of live recombinant vector vaccines to protect chimpanzees from HIV infection. The next step in HIV vaccine development is to proceed carefully to expanded phase II and phase III trials to assess the protective efficacy of these candidate vaccines in humans. These trials will be extremely complex from the logistical, scientific and ethical points of view, and will require close collaboration between clinical, basic science and behavioural researchers, national and international organisations, and the pharmaceutical industry.
Tuberculosis--fighting a losing battle? (1995)

Tuberculosis has resurfaced as a "global emergency" in recent years not only in terms of increase in number of cases world-wide but also the emergence of the deadly multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. World Health Organisation (WHO) has issued a call for the global community to step up its vigilance against the disease. Chemotherapy is the most powerful tool in the fight against tuberculosis and should be used with utmost care and under stringent conditions. It is not enough just to prescribe the correct medication, but more importantly, the patient must be closely monitored for compliance and progress. Any facility which provides for the treatment of tuberculosis must have a good working mechanism to detect treatment defaulter and take immediate remedial action. Only then can we maintain a high standard of control of the disease and prevent the emergence of drug-resistant organisms.
Magnetorefractive effect in nanostructures, manganites, and magnetophotonic crystals based on these materials (2007)

Studies of the magnetorefractive effect (MRE) in multilayers, granulated films, nanocomposites, and manganites are briefly reviewed. A simple algorithm for calculation of the MRE is proposed. The possibility to enhance the MRE by means of multipath interference in 1D magnetophotonic crystals containing a nanocomposite or manganite film as a defect is theoretically analyzed. It is shown that, in magnetophotonic crystals, the MRE may reach 50–60% in the presence of reflection. These values are three orders of magnitude larger than those observed for common magnetooptic phenomena, such as the equatorial Kerr effect, and two orders of magnitude larger than the MRE in one-layer structures.
Detection of transient and steady states in electrophoresis: Description and applications of a new apparatus with 255 potential gradient detectors along the separation trough (1984)

Abstract Introduction of a linear of detectors along the electrophoretic separation space permits monitoring the evolution of electrophoretic zone structures, fully controlled by a microprocessor system. Both transient and steady state zone structures can be recognized. A description of our capillary type apparatus, with 255 potential gradient sensors measuring the most general physical property characterizing the separand pattern in electrophoresis, is given. The central unit of this device is a unique pattern of 256 electrodes. They are chemically photoetched on a supporting glass plate from a vapor‐deposited thin layer of a conductor. Each sensor has a width of 60 μm, a height of about 0.1μm and they are spaced 340 μm apart. The whole separation cell, appropriate detection electronics and a new constant current high tension power supply are described together with the microcomputer system used for control and data treatment. Illustrations of detected zone structures with steady state moving boundaries are given in terms of isotachophoretic and moving boundary experiments. The monitoring of non‐steady state boundaries is shown by following sample zones in zone electrophoresis.
<title>Nonuniformity correction for staring IR focal plane arrays using scene-based techniques</title> (1990)

Scene-based nonuniformity correction (NUC) was performed via two techniques, and the results are presented in terms of ability to allow increased sensitivity and to minimize scene degradation. The two techniques perform recalibration in real-time based on the radiance levels of the scene being viewed. The scene-based NUC was effected with an algorithm based on a temporal high-pass filter, and with one based on an artificial neural network. Recorded data from an MWIR staring array collecting different images were used for the experiments. The advantages of the two scene-based NUC techniques are summarized and compared to those of the traditional calibration technique. The potential for the elimination of spatial noise and the achievement of BLIP performance levels in high-quantum-efficiency FPAs are emphasized. Spatial noise can be eliminated by employing real-time signal processors.
RNA regulation of epigenetic processes (2009)

There is increasing evidence that dynamic changes to chromatin, chromosomes and nuclear architecture are regulated by RNA signalling. Although the precise molecular mechanisms are not well understood, they appear to involve the differential recruitment of a hierarchy of generic chromatin modifying complexes and DNA methyltransferases to specific loci by RNAs during differentiation and development. A significant fraction of the genome-wide transcription of non-protein coding RNAs may be involved in this process, comprising a previously hidden layer of intermediary genetic information that underpins developmental ontogeny and the differences between species, ecotypes and individuals. It is also evident that RNA editing is a primary means by which hardwired genetic information in animals can be altered by environmental signals, especially in the brain, indicating a dynamic RNA-mediated interplay between the transcriptome, the environment and the epigenome. Moreover, RNA-directed regulatory processes may also transfer epigenetic information not only within cells but also between cells and organ systems, as well as across generations.
Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Predicts Protein, Starch, and Seed Weight in Intact Seeds of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (2009)

The objective of this study was to explore the potential of near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy to determine individual seed composition in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). NIR spectra and analytical measurements of seed weight, protein, and starch were collected from 267 individual bean seeds representing 91 diverse genotypes. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression models were developed with 61 bean accessions randomly assigned to a calibration data set and 30 accessions assigned to an external validation set. Protein gave the most accurate PLS regression, with the external validation set having a standard error of prediction (SEP) = 1.6%. PLS regressions for seed weight and starch had sufficient accuracy for seed sorting applications, with SEP = 41.2 mg and 4.9%, respectively. Seed color had a clear effect on the NIR spectra, with black beans having a distinct spectral type. Seed coat color did not impact the accuracy of PLS predictions. This research demonstrates that NIR is a promising technique for simultaneous sorting of multiple seed traits in single bean seeds with no sample preparation.
Role-based access control in online authoring and publishing systems vs. document hierarchy (1999)

How to structure diverse (documentation) information sources of an enterprise and how to arrange a workflow with access control are two important issues for online authoring and publishing systems. Aim of this paper is to describe a solution for both problems, which is based on department structure, subject areas, and roles in an enterprise. Our approach will be introduced by presenting the DAPHNE system. DAPHNE provides possibilities to support collaborative authoring on a document hierarchy that reflects the diverse branches of an enterprise's organization structure and allows diverse (documentation) information sources of an enterprise to be well structured. The role-based access control (RBAC) mechanism implemented within DAPHNE is supported by the document hierarchy as well.
New skeletal drug delivery system containing antibiotics using self-setting bioactive glass cement. (1992)

A novel device containing cephalexin as a model drug using a self-setting bioactive cement basing on CaOSiO2-P2O5 glass was investigated. Glass powders contained 5% cephalexin powder hardened within 5 min after being mixed with a phosphate buffer. After hardening, in vitro drug release from homogeneous or heterogeneous drug-loaded cement pellets in a simulated body fluid at pH 7.25 and 37°C continued for more than 2 weeks.