gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Functionalization of Nanoparticles with Polyethylene Glycol: Effects on Protein Adsorption and Cellular Uptake (2015)

Here we have investigated the effect of enshrouding polymer-coated nanoparticles (NPs) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the adsorption of proteins and uptake by cultured cells. PEG was covalently linked to the polymer surface to the maximal grafting density achievable under our experimental conditions. Changes in the effective hydrodynamic radius of the NPs upon adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA) and fibrinogen (FIB) were measured in situ using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. For NPs without a PEG shell, a thickness increase of around 3 nm, corresponding to HSA monolayer adsorption, was measured at high HSA concentration. Only 50% of this value was found for NPs with PEGylated surfaces. While the size increase clearly reveals formation of a protein corona also for PEGylated NPs, fluorescence lifetime measurements and quenching experiments suggest that the adsorbed HSA molecules are buried within the PEG shell. For FIB adsorption onto PEGylated NPs, even less change in NP diameter was observed. In vitro uptake of the NPs by 3T3 fibroblasts was reduced to around 10% upon PEGylation with PEG chains of 10 kDa. Thus, even though the PEG coatings did not completely prevent protein adsorption, the PEGylated NPs still displayed a pronounced reduction of cellular uptake with respect to bare NPs, which is to be expected if the adsorbed proteins are not exposed on the NP surface.
Circuit design for full scan ATPG (2002)

The author discusses full scan ATPG (automatic test pattern generation) ASIC designs. He examines the edge scan and LSSD (level sensitive scan design) versus nonscan designs in terms of gate overhead, power dissipation and cycle time for typical ASIC processes. In addition, problems and solutions to full scan design issues such as clocking schemes, asynchronous logic, latches and nonscan blocks are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Weldability of X100 linepipe (2000)

Research has been carried out to identify weld metal compositions and microstructures capable of meeting high strength and toughness requirements for X100 seam welded linepipe. Single pass, multiwire submerged arc welds were made in experimental, high strength low alloy steel plates using consumables to give a wide range of weld metal alloying. Work has shown that the optimum strength and toughness are obtained in Mo–B–Ti alloyed weld metals with P cm values between 0.218 and 0.250. Weld metal microstructures were almost fully acicular ferrite with an ultrafine grain size (1–2 µm). Dilatometric studies demonstrated that at typical weld cooling rates the optimised welds transformed at significantly lower temperatures than those reported for X65 plate deposits, which contain acicular ferrite in the form of idiomorphic primary ferrite and intragranular Widmanstätten ferrite. The maximum rate of transformation in the optimised welds occurred between 515 and 570°C, which indicates that the acicular ferrite in this case consisted of intragranular Widmanstätten ferrite and/or bainite. The ferrite would appear to have a fine plate morphology growing from large as well as small inclusions, but not very far before the onset of hard impingement, thereby ensuring an ultrafine grain size. Tensile strengths of 708–784 MPa were achieved with an 80 J Charpy impact transition temperature toughness between -68 and -115°C. More highly alloyed weld metals containing 2–3%Mn and 1.5%Si transformed at lower temperatures and showed increased strength, but there was a substantial loss of toughness, attributed to the relatively unimpeded growth of large ferrite plates from larger inclusions, and the replacement of ultrafine acicular ferrite between these plates by blocks of martensite–austenite. One pass per side, multiwire submerged arc welds manufactured to the optimum weld metal chemistry confirmed their applicability for thin section X100 linepipe.
Carbon Nanotube Sheet as Top Contact Electrode for Nanowires: Highly Versatile and Simple Process (2014)

In the past years, lots of research works were dedicated to nanowires and their integration into functional devices. However, despite the great potential of such materials, no device based on nanowires has been transferred in all-day-life. In fact, the vertical device integration is slowed down by the difficulty to contact easily the top electrode. With this work, we present a simple, elegant and versatile process for creating a top electrode contact on nanowires: a carbon nanotube sheet is suspended at the top of the nanowire field. The proof of concept is made through the realization of photovoltaic devices composed of an assembly of vertical PN-junctions based on silicon nanowires. For an illumination density of 100 mW . cm-2, our devices exhibit short circuit current density as high as 15 mA . cm-2. Due to the numerous advantages of the carbon nanotube sheets as top electrode, such as transparency, porosity, good mechanical performance and no need to embed nanowires, such simple and elegant technology should definitely find developments in every field of nanotechnology.
Transfer RNA Fragments (tRFs) , Novel MicroRNA‐like Short RNAs Generated independent of Dicer, Associate with Target mRNAs in Ago complexes and are De‐regulated in Many Cancers (2015)

tRFs, 14-32 nt long RNAs derived from mature or precursor tRNAs, are present in diverse organisms at read counts comparable to miRNAs. TA meta-analysis of short RNA sequence datasets helped us create a comprehensive, relational database of tRFs: tRFdb (http://genome.bioch.virginia.edu/trfdb/). tRFs are precisely generated fragments not produced by the miRNA biogenesis pathway. tRFs are present in all human cell lines, mice, flies, worms, yeasts and even some bacteria and originate from the 5′ end (tRF-5a, b, c) and 3′ end (tRF-3a, b) of mature tRNAs or from 3′ trailer sequences of primary tRNA transcripts (tRF-1). Human PAR-CLIP data shows that tRF-5s and tRF-3s associate with Ago1, 3, and 4 rather than Ago2. The location of the U to C mutation caused by the cross-linking of the tRF to the Ago protein, and the match to the target mRNAs in the PAR-CLIP data demonstrate that a 5′ seed sequence of 7-8 bases of the tRF-5 and -3 recognizes the target mRNA in much the same way as microRNAs. Human CLASH data identify tens of thousands of hybrid tRF-target mRNA molecules that confirm that tRF-5s and tRF-3s associate with a number of target RNAs in a manner that is comparable to miRNAs, with one example shown. We and others have demonstrated some functions of tRFs (e.g. for a tRF-1 in Lee et al., Genes & Dev, 2009, 23: 2639-2649), but our new analysis suggests that tRF-5s and tRF-3s will likely be as important as microRNAs for regulating gene expression. Consistent with this, specific tRFs are induced or repressed by ten to hundred-fold in specific cancer types, suggesting that they contribute to oncogenesis and that, like microRNAs, they will be useful as biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of cancers.
Comparison of 5' and 3' long terminal repeat promoter function in human immunodeficiency virus (1994)

The architecture of a retroviral genome presents some unusual features for transcriptional regulation because of duplication of the transcriptional control sequences in the 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (LTRs). We have studied the transcriptional activity of the 5' and 3' LTRs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vectors. Using full-length HIV molecular clones, we demonstrate that both LTRs function as Tat-inducible promoters. However, the absolute levels of transcription were found to be much higher for the 5' LTR than for the 3' LTR promoter. When transcription was assayed for an integrated HIV-1 provirus, we also found that the upstream 5' LTR element was the major transcriptional promoter. 3' LTR transcription, however, can be triggered by inactivation of the 5' LTR promoter. Likewise, 5' LTR transcription is induced in constructs lacking a functional 3' LTR promoter. This phenomenon of promoter suppression may have important implications for the design of HIV-based retrovirus vectors.
Development of three-dimensional polymeric artificial muscles (2001)

All commercially available (as-received) perfluorinated ion- exchange membranes are in the form of hydrolyzed polymers and are semi-crystalline containing ionic clusters. Their typical thickness is in the range of approximately 100-300 micrometer. Such a thin thickness of commercially available membrane permits fast mass transfer for use in various chemical processes. Although ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) artificial muscles made with these ion-exchange membranes have shown a great potential to produce large displacements and high force densities (maximum force greater than 40 times of its own weight), achieving large forces to be utilized in many practical devices requires manufacturing and fabrication of three dimensional electroactive materials. Knowing that such as-received semi-crystalline membranes are not melt-processable, they are not suitable for the fabrication of 3D electroactive materials or other composite forms. In this work, the authors report a newly developed fabrication method that can scale-up the IPMC artificial muscles in a strip size of milli-to-centi-meter thickness. We have adopted a recently developed technique by Moor et al. For dissolving as- received ion-exchange membranes in appropriate solvents. By carefully evaporating solvents out of the solution, recasted ion-exchange membranes were obtained. The test results showed that a successfully fabricated IPMC strip in a size of 2 mm thickness, 5-mm width, and 15-mm length, produces generative forces (tip forces) more than 20 g-force up to approximately a half centimeter-displacement under a small voltage.
5-Year Tumor Recurrence Rates After Anatomical Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy For Prostate Cancer (1994)

The new anatomical approach to radical retropubic prostatectomy with its nerve sparing option allows for preservation of erections, improved urinary continence, decreased blood loss, and lower operative mortality and morbidity rates. We sought to evaluate cancer control with this operation by determining the 5-year tumor recurrence rates using detectable serum prostate specific antigen levels as a criterion for tumor recurrence in a series of 925 consecutive men with clinical stage T1 or T2 prostate cancer. Overall, the 5-year probability of nonprogression was 78% (95% confidence limits 74 to 82%). The 5-year nonprogression rate was higher in patients whose tumors were not palpable (90% for impalpable tumors detected through transurethral resection of the prostate, 97% for impalpable prostate specific antigen detected tumors and 74% for palpable tumors). Nonprogression correlated with pathological tumor stage (91% for organ confined disease, 74% for positive margins or microscopic capsular perforation, 32% for seminal vesical invasion and virtually nil for lymph node metastases) and tumor grade (89% for well, 78% for moderately and 51% for poorly differentiated tumors). We conclude that anatomical radical prostatectomy achieves excellent cancer control for patients with organ confined prostate cancer.
Air Injection to an Electrically-Heated Catalyst for Reducing Cold-Start Benzene Emissions from Gasoline Vehicles (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the laboratory effort to determine the emissions benefit of cold-start air injection to a preheated automotive catalyst. Previous experimentation with an electrically-heated catalyst on a gasoline-fueled vehicle with no supplemental air showed little improvement in hydrocarbon emission control.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, air was injected ahead of an electrically-heated catalyst during cold-start operation. Analysis of continuously recorded raw exhaust emissions were used to determine air injection calibrations and oxidation-reduction trade-offs. Improved control of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), benzene, and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions was observed. Nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) emission control was maintained by the use of a carefully controlled air injection flow-rate and schedule.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This study determined that heating an auto-motive exhaust emission catalyst prior to cold-start operation may not be sufficient in itself. Supplemental oxygen may be required for improved emissions control. Finally, it was demonstrated that the gasoline vehicle used in this study, equipped with an electrically-heated catalyst and air injection, provided FTP emission rates of non-methane organic gases (NMOG), CO, and NO<sub>x</sub> near or at the California standards for the ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV).</div>
Supra-and Sub-Gap Technique for Spectrographic Analysis. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupra-and Sub-Gap Technique for Spectrographic Analysis.G. A. UmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 2, 287–288Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60221a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effect of curcumin on acidic pH-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in human esophageal epithelial cells (HET-1A): role of PKC, MAPKs, and NF-κB (2008)

Human esophageal epithelial cells play a key role in esophageal inflammation in response to acidic pH during gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), increasing secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. The mechanisms underlying IL-6 and IL-8 expression and secretion in esophageal epithelial cells after acid stimulation are not well characterized. We investigated the role of PKC, MAPK, and NF-kappaB signaling pathways and transcriptional regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 expression in HET-1A cells exposed to acid. Exposure of HET-1A cells to pH 4.5 induced NF-kappaB activity and enhanced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion and mRNA and protein expression. Acid stimulation of HET-1A cells also resulted in activation of MAPKs and PKC (alpha and epsilon). Curcumin, as well as inhibitors of NF-kappaB (SN-50), PKC (chelerythrine), and p44/42 MAPK (PD-098059) abolished the acid-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-8. The JNK inhibitor SP-600125 blocked expression/secretion of IL-6 but only partially attenuated IL-8 expression. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB-203580 did not inhibit IL-6 expression but exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on IL-8 expression. Together, these data demonstrate that 1) acid is a potent inducer of IL-6 and IL-8 production in HET-1A cells; 2) MAPK and PKC signaling play a key regulatory role in acid-mediated IL-6 and IL-8 expression via NF-kappaB activation; and 3) the anti-inflammatory plant compound curcumin inhibits esophageal activation in response to acid. Thus IL-6 and IL-8 expression by acid may contribute to the pathobiology of mucosal injury in GERD, and inhibition of the NF-kappaB/proinflammatory cytokine pathways may emerge as important therapeutic targets for treatment of esophageal inflammation.
Improving reading fluency and comprehension in adult ESL learners using bottom-up and top-down vocabulary training (2016)

The current research examines the effect of two methods of vocabulary training on reading fluency and comprehension of adult English as second language (ESL) tertiary-bound students. The methods used were isolated vocabulary training (bottom-up reading) and vocabulary training in context (top-down reading). The current exploratory and quasi-experimental study examines the effectiveness of these methods in two intact classes using pre- and posttest measures of students’ reading fluency and comprehension. The results show that bottom-up training had a negative impact on fluency and comprehension. In contrast, top-down training positively affected fluency but had no impact on comprehension. Further, the results do suggest that fast-paced reading may potentially lead to improved comprehension. These findings have implications for the type of language instruction used in classrooms and, therefore, for teachers of adult ESL learners.
Backward wave oscillators with rippled wall resonators: Analytic theory and numerical simulation (1985)

In this paper, a comprehensive theoretical treatment is developed for backward wave oscillators composed of a relativistic electron beam guided by a strong magnetic field through a slow wave structure consisting of a cylindrical waveguide with a sinusoidally varying wall radius. This analysis, equally applicable to traveling wave tube operation, includes both a linearized theory of small-amplitude perturbations and numerical simulations of the saturated, large-amplitude operating regime. The variation of device operating characteristics with system parameters is examined in detail. Comparisons of the analytic and numerical results with experiments and additional calculations show excellent agreement and justify a high degree of confidence in the validity of the theory.
The Run Sum Control Chart Procedure (1971)

To control a process average, a criterion is needed by which to judge when the process requires adjustment. The run sum family of tests provide such criteria. These tests are described, illustrated, and their operating characteristics calculated.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME CURCUMIN ANALOGS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES (2010)

Some diarylidene piperidone derivatives have been synthesized form 4-piperidone. The diarylidene piperidone were coupled with sulfonyl chlorides and carbonyl chloride.The synthesized compounds were characterized with LCMS,
Efficacy of Different Treatment Strategies for Neurocardiogenic Syncope (1995)

In patients with unexplained syncope and positive upright tilt testing, therapeutic strategies identified on the basis of response during head-up tilt have a more positive impact on the recurrence of symptoms during follow-up.
Failure of Benzoyl Peroxide to Decrease Sebaceous Gland Secretion in Acne (1981)

10 male patients with inflammatory facial acne were treated for 6 weeks with a 10% benzoyl peroxide gel (PanOxyl-10) applied to the forehead. There was no significant mean change in sebaceous gland secretion after 4, 5, and 6 weeks of treatment. These findings are at variance with a previously published study which showed that 5% benzoyl peroxide gel inhibited sebaceous gland secretion. Conflicting results from the two studies may be due to differences in patient populations or, more likely, in technical factors, such as the methods used for sebum production, collection, and analysis.
Retinoic Acid-induced Expression of Apolipoprotein D and Concomitant Growth Arrest in Human Breast Cancer Cells Are Mediated through a Retinoic Acid Receptor RARα-dependent Signaling Pathway (1996)

Apolipoprotein D (apoD) is a human plasma protein, belonging to the lipocalin superfamily, that is produced by a specific subtype of highly differentiated breast carcinomas and that is strongly up-regulated by retinoic acid (RA) in breast cancer cells. In this work, we have examined the molecular mechanisms mediating the induction of apoD gene expression by retinoids in T-47D human breast cancer cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that Ro40-6055, a synthetic retinoid that selectively binds and activates the retinoic acid receptor RARalpha, induced the accumulation of apoD mRNA in breast cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The time course analysis demonstrated that apoD mRNA was induced 14-fold over control cells after 48 h of incubation with 10(-8) M Ro40-6055. As little as 10(-11) M of this retinoid induced apoD mRNA 5-fold over the control, whereas incubation with 10(-7) M Ro40-6055 induced maximally 15-fold over control cells. RARalpha-selective antagonists counteracted the inductive effects of all-trans-RA, 9-cis-RA, and Ro40-6055 on the expression of apoD, when present at the same concentration as the retinoid agonists. By contrast, RARbeta-, RARgamma-, and RXR-selective retinoids did not affect apoD gene expression. The retinoid agonist Ro40-6055 had an antiproliferative effect on T-47D cells, with maximal growth inhibition of approximately 60% obtained after 7 days of incubation with 10(-7) M. This antiproliferative effect could be counteracted by a 100-fold excess of the antagonist Ro41-5253. Treatment of the cells with retinoids that do not bind the nuclear retinoic acid receptors did not affect apoD expression, despite the fact that they did have a strong antiproliferative effect on T-47D cells. On the basis of these results, a role for RARalpha on apoD gene expression induction by retinoids in breast cancer cells is proposed.
Substance P: Does It Produce Analgesia or Hyperalgesia? (1980)

In the hot plate test, substance P given intravenously at doses of 5 x 10-5 and 5 x 10-4 gram per kilogram caused analgesia, while lower doses caused hyperalgesia. The influence of substance P on nociception depended on the individual mouse's sensitivity to pain (control response latency). Analgesia was produced by substance P administered to mice with high sensitivity to thermic stimulation, whereas hyperalgesia occurred in mice whose control latencies were longer than normal. This result is interpreted as an indication that substance P is capable of normalizing responsiveness to pain and could be classified as a regulatory peptide.
Meeting the Challenges of Electrical Engineering Service Courses (2011)

While there has been a proliferation of research published on various engineering teaching and learning issues, there is no research undertaken to deal with issues surrounding the teaching of “service courses”. This is surprising when one considers the unique challenges and predicaments faced by engineering staff and students involved in these courses. Anecdotally it would seem their existence is problematic. In this paper we outline pedagogical reform of an electrical engineering service course undertaken at the University of Sydney. This particular service course is comprised of students not only enrolled in electrical engineering but also students mandated to learn a substantial syllabus of engineering principles from other programs and degrees. A combination of routine University of Sydney student evaluations, focus-group interviews and curriculum higher education theory were used to inform pedagogical reform. The reform centred on three main interventions: (i) introduction of formative assessment; (ii) an alignment of outcomes, assessment and curriculum, and (iii) modularisation of the curriculum into three blocks. An evaluation of the service course using routine student evaluations, customised course evaluation questionnaires, and assessment of students’ approaches to learning using Biggs’ Study Processes Questionnaire for assessing students’ deep and surface approaches to learning was conducted. The former confirmed improved levels of student satisfaction and the latter was used to verify that the reforms were associated with deeper learning approaches. The findings and discussion are applicable to other educators facing similar challenges in delivering service courses and also address challenges found more generally across engineering education.