gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Multistrategy machine-learning vision system</title> (1993)

Advances in the field of machine learning technology have yielded learning techniques with solid theoretical foundations that are applicable to the problems being encountered by object recognition systems. At Honeywell an object recognition system that works with high-level, symbolic, object features is under development. This system, named object recognition accomplished through combined learning expertise (ORACLE), employs both an inductive learning technique (i.e., conceptual clustering, CC) and a deductive technique (i.e., explanation-based learning, EBL) that are combined in a synergistic manner. This paper provides an overview of the ORACLE system, describes the machine learning mechanisms (EBL and CC) that it employs, and provides example results of system operation. The paper emphasizes the beneficial effect of integrating machine learning into object recognition systems.
New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase (NDM-1)-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: Case Report and Laboratory Detection Strategies (2011)

The spread of antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is a significant clinical threat. We report the first case of an Enterobacteriaceae strain harboring the NDM-1 metallo-β-lactamase in a pediatric patient in the United States. We describe strategies for the detection of this novel resistance mechanism encountered in an isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Stimuli-induced gel–sol transition of multi-sensitive supramolecular β-cyclodextrin grafted alginate/ferrocene modified pluronic hydrogel (2012)

This paper studies a kind of biocompatible hydrogel composed of alginate-g-β-cyclodextrin (Alg-β-CD) and ferrocene-terminated pluronic F127 (F127-Fc), which showed gel–sol phase transformations in response to temperature, oxidizing agents, and glucose because of the reversible association–dissociation of Fc-β-CD inclusions and F127 micelles.
Gaseous Protein Cations Are Amphoteric (1997)

Singly- and multiply-protonated ubiquitin molecules are found to react with iodide anions, and certain other anions, by attachment of the anion, in competition with proton transfer to the anion. The resulting adduct ions are relatively weakly bound and dissociate upon collisional activation by loss of the neutral acid derived from the anion. Adduct ions that behave similarly can also be formed via ion/molecule reactions involving the neutral acid. The ion/molecule reaction phenomenology, however, stands in contrast with that expected based on the reaction site(s) being charged. Reaction rates increase inversely with charge state and the total number of neutral molecules that add to the protein cations increases inversely with cation charge. These observations are inconsistent with the formation of proton-bound clusters but are fully consistent with the formation of ion pairs or dipole/dipole bonding involving the neutral acid and neutral basic sites in the protein. The ion/ion reactions can be interpreted on the basis of conjugate acid/base chemistry in which the anion, which is a strong gaseous base, reacts with a protonated site, which is a strong gaseous acid. Adduct ions can also be formed via ion/molecule reaction which, on the basis of microscopic reversibility, implies that the neutral acid interacts with neutral basic sites on the protein cation. These results suggest that acid adduction to gaseous protein cations can be complementary in nature to chemical reactions, such as proton transfer and hydrogen/deuterium exchange, that are strongly mediated by the charge site(s).
Inferring Complementary Products from Baskets and Browsing Sessions (2018)

Complementary products recommendation is an important problem in e-commerce. Such recommendations increase the average order price and the number of products in baskets. Complementary products are typically inferred from basket data. In this study, we propose the BB2vec model. The BB2vec model learns vector representations of products by analyzing jointly two types of data - Baskets and Browsing sessions (visiting web pages of products). These vector representations are used for making complementary products recommendation. The proposed model alleviates the cold start problem by delivering better recommendations for products having few or no purchases. We show that the BB2vec model has better performance than other models which use only basket data.
MicroRNA Biogenesis and Cancer (2010)

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in diverse physiological and developmental processes by controlling the gene expression of target mRNAs. They play important roles in almost all kinds of cancer where they modulate key processes during tumorigenesis such as metastasis, apoptosis, proliferation, or angiogenesis. Depending on the mRNA targets they regulate, they can act as oncogenes or as tumor suppressor genes. Multiple links between microRNA biogenesis and cancer highlight its significance for tumor diseases. However, mechanisms of their own regulation on the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level in health and disease are only beginning to emerge. Here, we review the microRNA-processing pathway as well as recent insights into posttranscriptional regulation of microRNA expression.
Synergistic inhibition of polyamine synthesis and growth by difluoromethylornithine plus methylthioadenosine in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase-deficient murine lymphoma cells. (1987)

The antiproliferative effects of the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) are limited by the inability of the compound to deplete completely cellular polyamine pools. 5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MeSAdo), the purine end product of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, is an inhibitor of spermine and spermidine synthesis. Furthermore, a substantial number of human tumors are deficient in MeSAdo phosphorylase, and cannot degrade MeSAdo. It therefore seemed possible that DFMO and MeSAdo could interact synergistically to inhibit polyamine synthesis in MeSAdo phosphorylase-deficient malignant cells. To test this hypothesis, we have analyzed the effects of DFMO, in combination with MeSAdo, on polyamine synthesis and growth in a MeSAdo phosphorylase-deficient murine lymphoma cell line (R1.1-H), and a MeSAdo resistant mutant (R1.1-H3). Cultivation of the R1.1-H3 cells in medium containing 250 microM DFMO and 500 microM MeSAdo caused profound depletion of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, and the accumulation of both decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine and its acetylated derivative to levels that exceeded by nearly 3-fold the total cellular content of S-adenosylmethionine. Similarly, DFMO sensitized the lymphoma cells to the growth inhibitory effects of MeSAdo. Supplementation of the medium with putrescine, spermidine, or spermine partially protected R1.1-H3 cells from the DFMO-MeSAdo drug combination. It is conceivable that MeSAdo, or related nucleosides, may potentiate the cytostatic effects of DFMO toward MeSAdo phosphorylase-deficient tumors.
Storage Technology: Capabilities and Limitations (1979)

The disk remains the primary form of mass storage. Despite competing technologies, improvements in disk technology will ensure its widespread use throughout the remainder of the century.
Viral bacterial co-infection of the respiratory tract during early childhood (2015)

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is an important cause of morbidity in children. Mixed aetiology is frequent, with pathogenic viruses and bacteria co-detected in respiratory secretions. However, the clinical significance of these viral/bacterial co-infections has long been a controversial topic. While severe bacterial pneumonia following influenza infection has been well described, associations are less clear among infections caused by viruses that are more common in young children, such as respiratory syncytial virus. Although assessing the overall contribution of bacteria to disease severity is complicated by the presence of many confounding factors in clinical studies, understanding the role of viral/bacterial co-infections in defining the outcome of paediatric ARI will potentially reveal novel treatment and prevention strategies, improving patient outcomes. This review summarizes current evidence for the clinical significance of respiratory viral/bacterial co-infections in young children, discusses possible mechanisms of cooperative interaction between these pathogens and highlights areas that require further investigation.
Targeting FVIII-Specific B Cells Using BAR-Transduced Regulatory T Cells (2016)

Abstract Up to a third of hemophilia A (HA) patients receiving therapeutic FVIII develop neutralizing antibodies termed "inhibitors". Once inhibitors develop, clinical management of HA patients becomes extremely difficult. Thus, a rational solution would be to establish FVIII-specific immune tolerance to FVIII in high risk patients. To address this issue in a mouse model of human HA, we elected to use an antigen-specific regulatory T cell (Treg) approach. Analogous to the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) strategy successfully used in cancer immunotherapy, we have created a chimeric receptor comprising a protein antigen or its domain, linked with the transmembrane and signal transduction domains, CD28-CD3ζ. We termed this receptor "BAR" for B-cell-targeting antibody receptor. Human Tregs (CD4+CD25hiCD127low) were retrovirally transduced with a BAR containing FVIII C2 domain (C2-BAR) or FVIII A2 domain (A2-BAR) and expanded successfully in vitro. These cells stained positively with anti-C2 and anti-A2 monoclonal antibodies, respectively, and maintained Treg phenotypic markers in terms of co-expression of Foxp3 and Helios. Control human Tregs were transduced with a BAR containing chicken ovalbumin (OVA-BAR). To test the hypothesis that BAR-transduced Tregs could directly and effectively suppress the activity of specific B cells, a xenogeneic model was employed. On day 0, FVIII-/- HA mice were injected intravenously with 106 transduced human Tregs. The mice were then immunized subcutaneously on day 1 with FVIII in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, and anti-FVIII antibody development was followed. By two weeks after immunization, anti-FVIII antibodies could be detected in the control mice (n = 4). However, in the experimental group (n = 5) that received a mixture of equal number of C2-and A2-BAR Tregs, anti-FVIII antibody development was reproducibly completely blocked for at least 8 weeks. To examine the possible mechanism of BAR Treg suppression, purified B cells and T cells from "tolerized" (A2+C2-BAR) or "control" (OVA-BAR) recipients were mixed and tested for recall responses to FVIII in vitro. The results suggested that the FVIII-specific B cells were directly tolerized while the T-cell response remained intact. Taken together, we report here a successful approach utilizing FVIII-specific BAR-Tregs to directly target FVIII-specific B cells, an approach which could be adapted to address other adverse immune response as well. (Supported in part by a NIH grant HL127495) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Commissural NTS Lesions and Cardiovascular Responses in Aortic Baroreceptor–Denervated Rats (1999)

Both acute (1 day) lesions of the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (commNTS) and aortic baroreceptor denervation increase pressor responses to bilateral common carotid occlusion (BCO) during a 60-second period in conscious rats. In this study, we investigated the following: (1) the effects of commNTS lesions on basal mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of aortic denervated (ADNx) rats; (2) the effects of acute commNTS lesions on pressor responses to BCO in ADNx rats; and (3) the effects of chronic (10 days) commNTS lesions on the pressor response to BCO. ADNx increased basal MAP and HR in sham-lesioned rats. Acute commNTS lesions abolished the MAP and HR increases observed in ADNx rats. Acute commNTS lesions increased the pressor responses to BCO in rats with intact-baroreceptor innervation but produced no additional change in the pressor response to BCO in ADNx rats. Chronic commNTS lesions did not change the pressor responses to BCO in rats with intact-baroreceptor innervation. The data show that acute commNTS lesions abolish the MAP increase produced by aortic baroreceptor denervation. They also suggest that acute commNTS lesions enhance the pressor response to BCO by partial withdrawal of aortic baroreceptor inputs into the NTS. Chronically, reorganization in the remaining aortic baroreceptor or in the baroreflex function as a whole might produce normalization of the cardiovascular responses to BCO.
Pour une pratique de l'histoire sociale comparative. La France et l'Allemagne contemporaines (1994)

Kott Sandrine, Nadau Thierry. Pour une pratique de l'histoire sociale comparative. La France et l'Allemagne contemporaines. In: Genèses, 17, 1994. Les objets et les choses, sous la direction de Francine Soubiran-Paillet. pp. 103-111.
Insect Fauna of Is. Boleum-do (Prov. Gyeonggi-do), Korea (2010)

We investigated insect fauna of Is. Boleum-do from April to October, 2009. As a result of all the collections examined, 162 species of 59 family under 11 order were identified. Therefore, the species composition of insect diversity from Is. Boleum-do was a total of 228 species of 77 families under 11 orders including 3 endangerd species (level, Fabriciana nerippe, Lethocerus deyrollei and Copris tripartitus), 22 endermic species, 3 management of exotic species, 1 species of IUCN Red List and 42 designated species; 103 species of 18 families Lepidoptera (35.76%) which was the highest, 51 species of 18 families Coleoptera (17.72%), 44 species of 15 families Hemiptera (15.28%) and 37 species of 6 families Hymenoptera (12.85%).
Microstructural difference between platinum and silver trapped in hydrogen induced cavities in silicon (1998)

The gettering of implanted Pt and Ag to hydrogen-induced cavities in Si has been compared for doses from 1×1013 to 1×1015 cm−2. After annealing at 850 °C for 1 h, almost 100% of both implanted metals were relocated to the cavity band for doses less than 1×1014 cm−2. At higher doses, large differences were observed in the gettering behaviour of Pt and Ag, where the amount of Pt was saturated at close to a monolayer coverage of cavity walls, whereas the Ag accumulation at cavities continually increased with dose. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed strong differences in the ability of Pt and Ag to form a bulk phase at the cavities. The results indicate that stable silicide formation at the near-surface and trapping of Ag to implantation damage are the main processes which limit gettering at the higher doses.
Formation of thick porous silicon layers with insufficient minority carrier concentration (2004)

Specific features of the formation of thick porous silicon layers on n-type silicon substrates in the galvanostatic mode have been studied. An abrupt change in the electrolyzer voltage with time was observed in the course of anodization with exposure to a visible light without the IR component. This abrupt change is accompanied by the formation of a large-grained disrupted silicon layer. It was shown that these effects are due to an insufficient density of holes, which are necessary for etching silicon. As a result, the mechanism for the generation of minority carriers changes from light generation to that of the avalanche type.
The VAD tree: A process-eye view of physical memory (2007)

This paper describes the use of the Virtual Address Descriptor (VAD) tree structure in Windows memory dumps to help guide forensic analysis of Windows memory. We describe how to locate and parse the structure, and show its value in breaking up physical memory into more manageable and semantically meaningful units than can be obtained by simply walking the page directory for the process. Several tools to display information about the VAD tree and dump the memory regions it describes will also be presented.
Phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate: metabolism and physiological functions (2013)

Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is a membrane phospholipid composed of diacylglycerol and a D-myo-inositol head group. In mammals, the hydroxyl groups at the D3, D4 and D5 positions of the inositol ring can be phosphorylated to yield seven phosphoinositide derivatives. PtdIns-3,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P2] is the most recently discovered species of phosphoinositide that is generated by the phosphorylation of PtdIns(3)P at the D5 position by PtdIns phosphate kinase and catabolized through the dephosphorylation by myotubularin family of phosphatases. Genetic and biochemical analyses of the enzymes metabolizing PtdIns(3,5)P2 have revealed that this phospholipid is involved in the control of endolysosomal systems and plays crucial roles in various mammalian tissues. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge of the metabolic/physiological functions of PtdIns(3,5)P2, and describe how disruption of these functions may contribute to human diseases.
[The thyroid nodule. A retrospective study of 200 cases]. (1989)

We analysed 200 cases of thyroid nodules collected in 2 units of the Laennec Hospital. The results of clinical examination, complementary investigations per and post-operative histology and medical follow up were analysed and compared with those in the literature. The malignancy rate was 18%. With the exception of 5 cases, a rigorous medical examination revealed at least one suspicious clinical sign in these patients. Thyroid isotope scan, which was cold in 82% of cases was of no value in distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules. The authors were not in agreement on the policy to be followed when faced with an isolated cold nodule. Fine needle aspiration is the only method which allows diagnosis but it is of low reliability. Ultrasound may be reassuring when it demonstrates fine walled, small diameter cysts only, but this situation is rare. We analysed the limits and pitfalls of these various methods. It is difficult to submit a patient to regular follow up for several years with antagonist treatment, where appropriate, and in addition malignant transformation may not be recognized. With knowledge of the good prognosis of cancers operated on at the microscopic intracapsular stage and the significant number of microscopic carcinomas discovered fortuitously in the course of surgery, it would appear reasonable to at least perform a cervicotomy with extemporaneous histological examination of any cold or isofixing nodule. Lobo-isthmectomy is in practice the solution adopted and its complications are rare and minimal.
ENERGY TRANSFER FROM CAROTENOID POLYENES TO PORPHYRINS: A LIGHT‐HARVESTING ANTENNA (1980)

Abstract— Carotenoid to porphyrin singlet‐singlet energy transfer has been observed in a new covalently linked carotenoid‐porphyrin ester. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies reveal that the relatively high energy transfer efficiency (˜ 25%) is a result of a stacked conformation in which the 26 π electron carotenoid chromophore resides ˜4–5 Å above the mean porphyrin plane. Substantial quenching of porphyrin fluorescence was also observed. Implications for the mechanism of energy transfer and possible applications to synthetic solar energy conversions systems are discussed.
An Analysis of the Trophic State of Clinton Lake (1999)

ABSTRACT The trophic state of Clinton Lake was assessed. Typical longitudinal gradients were observed with nutrient concentrations (TN, TP, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P) decreasing from the riverine areas of the reservoir to the main basin. The TN:TP ratio went from 6.7 in the riverine zones to 14.2 in the main basin. The reservoir was eutrophic according to all the criteria assessed. Using growing season means for the main basin: chlorophyll a = 16 μg·L−1 > 10 μg·L−1, TP = 39 μg·L−1 >20 μg·L−1, TN = 0.52 mg·L−1 > 0.50 mg·L−1, Secchi disk depth = 1.13m < 2 m. Practices aimed at reducing phosphorus and sediment loadings are suggested to improve water quality.
Silicone breast implant litigation (Part 1). (1994)

Silicone breast implant litigation has escalated in the past couple of years with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigation of silicone gel implants which resulted in finally removing the silicone gel implants from the market. Plaintiffs have linked various medical problems to the presence of silicone in the body. The FDA has stated that there is no medical evidence that silicone causes autoimmune disease. Silicone has never been shown to cause breast cancer. Breast implants can result in complications such as capsule contracture, gel bleed, implant rupture, calcifications around the implants, and possibly interference with mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Plaintiffs have claimed that the implant manufacturers knew of the defects in the silicone shell implant covering, and covered up the facts. The product liability action has become a class action, and a proposed settlement has been made in terms of which implant recipients with any problems will be reimbursed. Furthermore, there will be coverage for future implant problems over the next 30 years. There will still be some litigation by those patients who have opted out of the settlement agreement.
Operation of a Ruby Laser in the Purely Transverse Electric Mode TE01 (1972)

A ruby laser has been operated in the circular TE01 mode by means of a novel mode selector. Construction, output characteristics, conversion into TM01, and possible applications are described.
Characteristics of a hollow-core distributed feedback CO<sub>2</sub>laser (1978)

Using perturbation theory and a plane wave analysis, the scattering amplitudes and coupling coefficients for a planar, hollow-core, double grating distributed feedback (DFB) waveguide laser are derived. Waveguide reflectivity has been compared for a single and double grating waveguide configuration. For a waveguide dimension of 100 μm over a 10 cm length, reflectivity is enhanced from 75 percent for a single grating to 98 percent using a double grating configuration. Included in this analysis is the effect of phase relationship between the two gratings. Using this analysis a means has been devised whereby reflectivity of the DFB waveguide may be optimized during operation of the laser. With the double grating configuration, coupling is enhanced such that a greater plate separation is possible in nearly all cases. Use of a double grating allows the plate separation of the waveguide to be increased from 80 to 100 μm, reducing total waveguide loss from 15.9 to 8.1 dB/m. These results have led to a method of solving heretofore prohibitive characteristics of single grating hollow-core DFB waveguides. Formal relationships for the waveguide parameters where a double grating configuration is used have been presented for designing hollow-core DFB waveguide lasers operating at 10.6 μm.
Concentrations of Anthocyanins in Common Foods in the United States and Estimation of Normal Consumption (2006)

Anthocyanins (ACNs) are water-soluble plant pigments that have important functions in plant physiology as well as possible health effects. Over 100 common foods were screened for ACNs, and 24 of them were found to contain ACNs. Concentrations of total ACNs varied considerably from 0.7 to 1480 mg/100 g of fresh weight in gooseberry ('Careless' variety) and chokeberry, respectively. Not only does the concentration vary, but the specific anthocyanins present in foods are also quite different. Only six common aglycones, delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin, were found in all of these foods. However, their sugar moieties and acylation patterns varied from food to food. Results from this study will add to the available data for the USDA Nutrient Database of flavonoids. On the basis of the concentration data and updated food intake data from NHANES 2001-2002, the daily intake of ACNs is estimated to be 12.5 mg/day/person in the United States. Of the different aglycones, cyanidin, delphinidin, and malvidin were estimated to contribute 45, 21, and 15%, respectively, of the total ACN intake. Nonacylated contributed 77% compared to 23% from acylated ACNs.