gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature profiling by Rayleigh-scattering lidar (1981)

A lidar with high spectral resolution can be used to measure atmospheric temperature profiles according to conservative performance calculations. The technique analyzed relies on determining the temperature-dependent Rayleigh-scattering linewidth with two stabilized Michelson interferometers in parallel. From ratios of four integrated flux values from two photomultipliers, one can determine temperature profiles within a 1 K standard deviation to 5 km with 50-m height resolution in 1(1/4) min using a laser of 1-W average power and a telescope of 30-cm diam.
Smart Operations with Intelligent Well Systems (2010)

Abstract Implementations of smart-field strategies with intelligent completions, i.e., interval control valves and interval control devices, are growing in the oil industry. Yet, there is still resistance by some companies because of concerns for (1) provable long-term value in terms of oil recovery and returns; (2) risk of valve failures affecting well integrity and performance; (3) lower returns of actual results relative to predicted results (i.e., overoptimistic projections, often from simulation); and (4) uncertainty as to the most effective future operational practices. This paper presents a systematic analysis of well rates and pressures as predicted by simulation for a long horizontal well. The paper investigates long-term value, analyzes impact of valve failure on production, provides estimates on the impact of reservoir uncertainty on performance, and demonstrates production improvements from effective operational control procedures for the horizontal well, for a multi-lateral well, and for a 20-production well waterflood. The paper validates and implements a methodology using simulation-based analysis and automated procedures to optimize valvecontrol strategies: oil production is maximized, while water production is better managed. Two control strategies are investigated and compared against a do-nothing approach: a fixed control strategy and a flexible control strategy.
Comparison of Needle Core Biopsy and Fine-Needle Aspiration for Diagnostic Accuracy in Musculoskeletal Lesions (2004)

The needle core biopsy has a higher diagnostic accuracy than fine-needle aspiration in all aspects, including determining the nature of the tumor, establishing the histologic type and grade, and achieving a specific diagnosis.
Hematopoietic recovery after allogeneic blood stem-cell transplantation compared with bone marrow transplantation in patients with hematologic malignancies. (1997)

PURPOSE To compare hematopoietic recovery, duration of hospitalization, and 100-day survival in patients who received allogeneic-blood stem cells (BSC) or conventional allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). PATIENTS AND METHODS From December 1994 to August 1995, 21 patients participated in a phase II study of allogeneic BSC transplantation. Cells mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; 5 micrograms/kg/ d) were collected from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donors and cryopreserved. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and methotrexate. G-CSF (10 micrograms/kg/d) was administered posttransplant. The outcomes were compared with 22 identically treated historical patients who received allogeneic BMT. RESULTS The median infused CD34+ cell and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) content were 7.73 x 10(4)/kg and 41.6 x 10(4)/kg, respectively. The median time to a neutrophil count greater than 500/ microL was 11 days after BSC and 16.5 days after BMT (P = .0003). A trend toward faster platelet and RBC recovery after BSC was observed. BSC patients received fewer platelet transfusions: 10 versus 19 (P = .015). The median length of hospitalization was shorter after BSC transplantation: 25 versus 31.5 days (P = .0243). The 100-day survival rates were similar: 83% after BSC and 75% after BMT (P = .3585). The incidence of acute GVHD grade II to IV was 57% and 45% for BSC and BMT, respectively (P = .4654). CONCLUSION In comparison to BMT, allogeneic BSC transplantation may result in faster hematopoietic recovery, shorter hospital stay, and similar early survival. Whether allogeneic BSC are superior to bone marrow needs to be determined in randomized trials.
Software-based pauli tracking in fault-tolerant quantum circuits (2014)

The realisation of large-scale quantum computing is no longer simply a hardware question. The rapid development of quantum technology has resulted in dozens of control and programming problems that should be directed towards the classical computer science and engineering community. One such problem is known as Pauli tracking. Methods for implementing quantum algorithms that are compatible with crucial error correction technology utilise extensive quantum teleportation protocols. These protocols are intrinsically probabilistic and result in correction operators that occur as byproducts of teleportation. These byproduct operators do not need to be corrected in the quantum hardware itself, but are tracked through the circuit and output results reinterpreted. This tracking is routinely ignored in quantum information as it is assumed that tracking algorithms will eventually be developed. In this work we help fill this gap and present an algorithm for tracking byproduct operators through a quantum computation.
Multiple isotypes of α‐ and β‐tubulin in the plant <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> (1985)

The tubulins of the plant Phaseolus vulgaris have been identified in cell extracts by a combination of western blotting of 1D and 2D gels and detection by monoclonal antibodies specific for α‐ and β‐tubulin. Plant α‐tubulin differs from mammalian tubulin in that it migrates ahead of the β‐subunit on Laemmli SDS gels. The Phaseolus root tip extracts contain 4 α‐ and 4 β‐tubulin isotypes which are electrophoretically separable on 2D gels under a number of preparative conditions. The results indicate a complex expression of multiple tubulin isotypes in plant tissues.
Progress in the Prevention of Otitis Media through Immunization (2002)

The prevention of otitis media is likely to require multivalent pneumococcal, NTHi, and M. catarrhalis vaccines, and these vaccines likely can be developed within a decade.
Automatic impedance matching for 13.56 MHz NFC antennas (2008)

This paper deals with the concept, the implementation and the verification of an automatic impedance matching circuit for NFC antennas with a frequency of 13.56 MHz. Besides an introduction to manual tuning and its issues, the fundamental components of an automatic tuning system are outlined. A lab-scaled prototype is built and demonstrated. In the end, the successful operation of this system is tested with several different antennas.
An optimal on-line algorithm for metrical task system (1992)

In practice, almost all dynamic systems require decisions to be made on-line, without full knowledge of their future impact on the system. A general model for the processing of sequences of tasks is introduced, and a general on-line decision algorithm is developed. It is shown that, for an important class of special cases, this algorithm is optimal among all on-line algorithms. Specifically, a task system ( S,d ) for processing sequences of tasks consists of a set S of states and a cost matrix d where d ( i, j is the cost of changing from state i to state j (we assume that d satisfies the triangle inequality and all diagonal entries are 0). The cost of processing a given task depends on the state of the system. A schedule for a sequence T 1 , T 2 ,…, T k of tasks is a sequence s 1 , s 2 ,…, s k of states where s i is the state in which T i is processed; the cost of a schedule is the sum of all task processing costs and the state transition costs incurred. An on-line scheduling algorithm is one that chooses s i only knowing T 1 T 2 … T i . Such an algorithm is w -competitive if, on any input task sequence, its cost is within an additive constant of w times the optimal offline schedule cost. The competitive ratio w ( S , d ) is the infimum w for which there is a w -competitive on-line scheduling algorithm for ( S , d ). It is shown that w ( S , d ) = 2|S|–1 for every task system in which d is symmetric, and w ( S, d ) = O (| S | 2 ) for every task system. Finally, randomized on-line scheduling algorithms are introduced. It is shown that for the uniform task system (in which d ( i,j ) = 1 for all i,j ), the expected competitive ratio w¯ ( S,d ) = O (log|S|).
A Real-Time Image Selection Algorithm: Fingerprint Recognition Using Mobile Devices with Embedded Camera (2006)

This paper proposes a real-time image selection algorithm for fingerprint recognition system, which uses the embedded camera of the mobile device. In general, auto-focusing algorithms of the camera system use the gradient measures to estimate high-frequency components of an image. In mobile device, images are greatly affected by environmental light sources. Therefore, obtained image might not qualify for the fingerprint recognition system, even when the image is focused. Consequently, image should be investigated whether it is usable or not. Variance-modified-Laplacian of Gaussian (VMLOG) and image quality index (QI) proposed in this paper solve such problem. VMLOG considers high-frequency component and repeatable patterns of ridges. Experimental results shows that the processing time of the proposed algorithm is enough fast to be adapted in real time system as like mobile device and the proposed algorithm selects exactly a recognizable image.
Abstract 487: Evidence for tumor initiating stem cells in lung cancer (2011)

Abstract Despite advances in our knowledge of the genetics of cancer and some progress in cancer treatment over the last few decades, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Therefore the identification of new therapeutic targets is necessary and important. By applying xeno-transplantation of primary cells from lung cancer specimens into immune deficient mice, we have identified a subpopulation of cells that can form tumor in transplanted mice which histologically resemble the primary tumor. This subpopulation can be enriched 200 fold for tumor initiating cells (TICs) by sorting primary tumor cells with a specific cell surface marker. The TIC population can give rise to unique epithelial colonies when seeded on feeders. Primary tumor cells when cultured serum free with EGF and FGF give rise to tumor-spheres that contain TICs at greater than 2% frequency. Microarray analysis of TICs from primary tumor samples, xenografts and tumor spheres are analyzed to derive “gene signature” of lung TICs. Several oncogenes and genes in metabolic pathways are overexpressed. Amongst them, LIN28B appears amongst the top list. Knockdown of LIN28B results in reduced tumor growth and, conversely, overexpression of LIN28B leads to transformation of NIH/3T3 and increases clonogenicity of normal lung fibroblasts. The isolation of lung TICs should facilitate further investigation of the cellular origin and carcinogenesis of lung cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 487. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-487
Crystallization and Homogeneous Nucleation Kinetics of Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with Different Molar Masses (2012)

The crystallization and nucleation kinetics of poly(ε-caprolactones) (PCL) with molar masses between 1.4 and 6.1 kDa and negligible number of heterogeneous nuclei has been investigated by differential fast scanning calorimetry (DFSC) applying scanning rates up to 100 000 K/s. The samples were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization and chemically characterized by NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS). For the smallest molar mass the chain length is comparable with the crystal thickness measured with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and extended chain like crystals may be formed. Because of the molar mass distribution (PDI ≈ 2), these crystals have a significant noncrystalline interface yielding nearly the same crystallinity for all molar masses. The critical cooling rate to obtain amorphous samples is below 1000 K/s and only for the lowest molar mass increased to 2000 K/s. The same trend holds for the about 1 order of magnitude higher critical heating rate to keep the samples amorphous on heating and for the analysis of isothermal nucleation and crystallization kinetics at 202 K. The samples which were shown not to contain heterogeneous nuclei active at a heating rate of >18 000 K/s were used for a study of the nucleation activity of ordered structures formed on annealing at low temperature. The analysis of the change of the thus-produced amorphous polymer samples on annealing from 202 to 272 K for times varying by a factor of more than 108 (0.1 ms to 8.3 h) revealed new details about the ordering processes (nucleation, poor crystal formation, crystallization, cold crystallization, and crystal perfection) and the accompanying changes in glass transition of the remaining amorphous phase (formation of rigid amorphous phases, RAF).
Computer-assisted synthetic analysis. Methods for machine generation of synthetic intermediates involving multistep look-ahead (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-assisted synthetic analysis. Methods for machine generation of synthetic intermediates involving multistep look-aheadE. J. Corey, W. Jeffrey Howe, and David A. PensakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 25, 7724–7737Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00832a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00832a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views301Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Characteristics of Single-Chip GaN-Based Alternating Current Light-Emitting Diode (2008)

In this study, a GaN-based alternating current light-emitting diode (AC-LED) with 34 numbers of microchips illuminated in each bias direction was fabricated. After calibrating the integration duration, the light output powers of the AC-LED driven by AC and DC were 388.1 and 312.8 mW when the input power was about 1 W, respectively. The flickering illumination mode of the AC-LED driven by AC decreased the heat accumulation and revealed a higher energy utilization efficiency than that of the AC-LED driven by DC. The larger blue shift and smaller full width at half maximum of the AC-LED driven by AC than those of the AC-LED driven by DC were also observed.
Isomorphic interactions of ethylenic polymers and paraffin wax (1970)

Abstract The high degree of flexibility of blends containing minor amounts of partly crystalline copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate in paraffin wax seems to be a manifestation of some type of interaction. Low‐angle x‐ray diffraction of such blends showed a new long spacing intermediate in length between the polymer long spacing and the c axis length of the wax unit cell. This new long spacing appears to be a consequence of isomorphism involving cocrystallization of polymeric ethylene sequences and wax molecules. A lesser type of isomorphic interaction, epitaxy, occurs in polyethylene–wax blends: wax overgrows crystals of already crystallized polyethylene in the same orientation without a change in its c axial dimension.
Oligoacenes:  Theoretical Prediction of Open-Shell Singlet Diradical Ground States (2004)

A series of oligoacenes from benzene to decacene were studied computationally with DFT and CASSCF methods. In contrast to the common view that acenes are closed-shell systems or may have a triplet ground state, these results offer the first theoretical predictions for the singlet ground state and diradical character for oligoacenes. The nature of the ground states of these molecules arises from the disjoint nature of the NBMOs that are singly occupied in the diradical.
Modes of grating waveguide (1978)

Starting with the coupled-paraxial-wave equations for Rayleigh waves propagating under a SAW grating, modes are derived with characteristic transverse-mode patterns. Modes exist below the first-order Bragg frequency both within a passband (real propagation constant) and a stop band (imaginary propagation constant). Cutoff (disappearance of guided mode solutions) is reached within the stop band above the Bragg frequency. No passband is found immediately above the stop band. Guidance of the waves by the grating is due to reflection at the grating edges and not due to a velocity difference of the Rayleigh waves between the regions outside the grating and underneath the grating. We take up the study of the effect of the velocity difference and find enhancement of guidance (as expected) when the outside region has a higher Rayleigh velocity. When the outside region has a smaller velocity, guided modes do not necessarily disappear. In fact, some guidance is provided by the velocity discontinuity.
Genetic Determinants of Intrinsic Colistin Tolerance in Acinetobacter baumannii (2012)

Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of multidrug-resistant infections worldwide. This organism poses a particular challenge due to its ability to acquire resistance to new antibiotics through adaptation or mutation. This study was undertaken to determine the mechanisms governing the adaptability of A. baumannii to the antibiotic colistin. Screening of a transposon mutant library identified over 30 genes involved in inducible colistin resistance in A. baumannii. One of the genes identified was lpsB, which encodes a glycosyltransferase involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis. We demonstrate that loss of LpsB function results in increased sensitivity to both colistin and cationic antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system. Moreover, LpsB is critical for pathogenesis in a pulmonary model of infection. Taken together, these data define bacterial processes required for intrinsic colistin tolerance in A. baumannii and underscore the importance of outer membrane structure in both antibiotic resistance and the pathogenesis of A. baumannii.
Detection of biomarkers with a multiplex quantitative proteomic platform in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative disorders (2006)

Biomarkers are needed to assist in the diagnosis and medical management of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy body (DLB). We have employed a multiplex quantitative proteomics method, iTRAQ (isobaric Tagging for Relative and Absolute protein Quantification), in conjunction with multidimensional chromatography, followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), to simultaneously measure relative changes in the proteome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from patients with AD, PD, and DLB compared to healthy controls. The diagnosis of AD and DLB was confirmed by autopsy, whereas the diagnosis of PD was based on clinical criteria. The proteomic findings showed quantitative changes in AD, PD, and DLB as compared to controls; among more than 1,500 identified CSF proteins, 136, 72, and 101 of the proteins displayed quantitative changes unique to AD, PD, and DLB, respectively. Eight unique proteins were confirmed by Western blot analysis, and the sensitivity at 95% specificity was calculated for each marker alone and in combination. Several panels of unique makers were capable of distinguishing AD, PD and DLB patients from each other as well as from controls with high sensitivity at 95% specificity. Although these preliminary findings must be validated in a larger and different population of patients, they suggest that a roster of proteins may be generated and developed into specific biomarkers that could eventually assist in clinical diagnosis and monitoring disease progression of AD, PD and DLB.
Phase III Open-Label Randomized Study of Eribulin Mesylate Versus Capecitabine in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With an Anthracycline and a Taxane (2015)

In this phase III study, eribulin was not shown to be superior to capecitabine with regard to OS or PFS.
A high sensitivity MEMS capacitive hydrogen sensor with inverted T-shaped electrode and ring-shaped palladium (2017)

We report on a novel Palladium (Pd)-based MEMS capacitive hydrogen gas sensor which has an “inverted Tshaped” electrode and a “ring-shaped palladium” layer that enable high sensitivity. Thanks to these structures, deformation of the membrane caused by hydrogen absorption can be efficiently transduced to the capacitance change. The capacitance change was found to be 3 times larger than that of the conventional structure. The prototype sensors were fabricated by a CMOS compatible process. The sensor operation was confirmed up to the lower explosive limit of 4%vol. hydrogen. We also show that the proposed sensor has a broad design window that attains high sensitivity.
A general platinum-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of olefins (2020)

Hydroxy- and alkoxycarbonylation reactions constitute important industrial processes in homogeneous catalysis. Nowadays, palladium complexes constitute state-of-the-art catalysts for these transformations. Herein, we report the first efficient platinum-catalysed alkoxycarbonylations of olefins including sterically hindered and functionalized ones. This atom-efficient catalytic transformation provides straightforward access to a variety of valuable esters in good to excellent yields and often with high selectivities. In kinetic experiments the activities of Pd- and Pt-based catalysts were compared. Even at low catalyst loading, Pt shows high catalytic activity.
PaleoSketch (2008)

Sketching is a natural form of human communication and has become an increasingly popular tool for interacting with user interfaces. In order to facilitate the integration of sketching into traditional user interfaces, we must first develop accurate ways of recognizing users' intentions while providing feedback to catch recognition problems early in the sketching process. One approach to sketch recognition has been to recognize low-level primitives and then hierarchically construct higher-level shapes based on geometric constraints defined by the user, however, current low-level recognizers only handle a few number of primitive shapes. We propose a new low-level recognition and beautification system that can recognize eight primitive shapes, as well as combinations of these primitives, with recognition rates at 98.56%. Our system also automatically generates beautified versions of these shapes to provide feedback early in the sketching process. In addition to looking at geometric perception, much of our recognition success can be attributed to two new features, along with a new ranking algorithm, which have proven to be significant in distinguishing polylines from curved segments.