gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Squalene analogs containing isopropylidene mimics as potential inhibitors of pig liver squalene epoxidase and oxidosqualene cyclase (1989)

Several squalene analogues containing 1,1-dihaloalkene, acetylene, allene, diene, and cyclopropane functionalities were synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of pig liver squalene epoxidase and oxidosqualene cyclase. Both monofunctionalized and bisfunctionalized analogues were prepared. Poor inhibition of squalene epoxidase and oxidosqualene cyclase was found for most compounds (IC50 much greater than 400 microM), with the exception of the monofunctionalized alkynol (IC50 = 300 microM). This alkynol showed mixed-function inhibition with KI = 0.95 mM. Oxidation of the alcohol to the alkynone resulted in loss of epoxidase activity, indicating that the hydroxyl group is necessary for inhibition and that the alkynol is not a proinhibitor. Molecular mechanics calculations indicated that a good inhibitor should possess hydrophobic substituents on an unpolarized, unsaturated system; additionally, the presence of a pro-C-3 hydroxyl group can confer inhibitory potency.
User-level interprocess communication for shared memory multiprocessors (1991)

article Free Access Share on User-level interprocess communication for shared memory multiprocessors Authors: Brian N. Bershad Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , Thomas E. Anderson Univ. of Washington, Seattle Univ. of Washington, SeattleView Profile , Edward D. Lazowska Univ. of Washington, Seattle Univ. of Washington, SeattleView Profile , Henry M. Levy Univ. of Washington, Seattle Univ. of Washington, SeattleView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on Computer SystemsVolume 9Issue 2May 1991 pp 175–198https://doi.org/10.1145/103720.114701Online:01 May 1991Publication History 55citation1,416DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations55Total Downloads1,416Last 12 Months137Last 6 weeks15 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Cellular mechanisms controlling light‐stimulated gravitropism: Role of calcium (1987)

An irradiation with visible light can alter the gravitropic responsiveness of shoots and roots. This indicates that light must affect some biochemical process in plant cells which is the same as, or importantly influences, a biochemical process that regulates gravitropism. In many cases, the light receptor for this effect is the pigment phytochrome, which initiates a variety of important photomorphogenic responses in plants. Recent results suggest that both gravistimulation and phytochrome photoactivation result in altered Ca2+ transport into and out of the affected cells. This article reviews the evidence that these Ca2+ fluxes may be the common biochemical process which modulates both gravitropism and photomorphogenesis.
The Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform: A New Efficient Tool For Image Restoration And Enhancement (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Prevention of Alzheimer Disease (2006)

The prevention of Alzheimer disease (AD) remains an important goal because of its high prevalence in our society and its associated costs. Two types of primary prevention trials have been conducted in AD to date: trials in independent cohorts specifically recruited for an AD primary prevention trial and cohorts in other studies randomized to a drug of interest where appropriate cognitive measures can be added. There have been numerous difficulties in conducting primary prevention trials in AD because of the need for a large sample size, long length of poor follow up, and adverse event profile or toxicity of the agents being studied. Many primary prevention trials are ongoing. However, to date, no primary prevention trial has successfully delayed the development of AD. Future primary prevention trials for AD will need to carefully consider issues of safety, tolerability, ability to follow subjects over long periods of time, methods of collecting data, and strategies to enhance recruitment to carry out such trials.
Adaptive optics for biomedical microscopy (2009)

Specimen-induced aberrations frequently affect microscopes, particularly when high aperture lenses image deep into specimens. We have applied adaptive optics to correct aberrations in confocal, two-photon, widefield sectioning and harmonic generation microscopes, restoring image quality.
Biopolymer Thin Films for Photonics Applications (2009)

In this paper we focused our studies on functionalization of DNA and of collagen with active molecules and thin film processing, their photostability in view of their further application in electronics and photonics as all optical switching elements, bioleds, optical memories, light amplifies, electro-optic modulators, etc. We have also addressed very important point for the practical application of these materials, not studied previously, which is the photo stability of these materials. If they have to work in photonic systems they have to exhibit an excellent stability in time and at the operation temperature range. The main interest for biopolymers arises from the fact that they are renewable, derived from waste of meat industry and they are biodegradable materials.
Application configuration in a client-server distributed system (1992)

This paper discusses the configuration of clients and servers in a distributed system. The question addressed is how does a client choose a appropriate server instance for invocation. It is assumed that a number of server instances are available in the distributed system, each instance having different characteristics that the client may wish to optimise. To examine the issues in this configuration and resource management problem the authors build an object model containing clients ad servers. Using this model they examine the whole decision making process through the lifecycle of object design, implementation, and instantiation in a distributed system. >
Thermo-economic optimisation of the polygeneration of synthetic natural gas (SNG), power and heat from lignocellulosic biomass by gasification and methanation (2012)

After a brief review of the current research on the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) from lignocellulosic biomass by gasification and methanation, this paper presents detailed thermo-economic process optimisation of the polygeneration of SNG, power and heat. Based on a previously developed model, all suitable candidate configurations of a superstructure of promising technologies for the individual conversion steps are optimised with respect to the overall efficiency and investement cost with an evolutionary, multi-objective algorithm. In an extensive analysis, the influence of process technology, operating conditions and process integration on the thermo-economic performance is discussed and the best technology matches are determined. Systematically optimised flowsheets might thereby convert 66 to 75% of the dry wood's lower heating value to SNG while cogenerating a considerable amount of power and/or industrial heat. In order to provide a general database of optimal plant configurations, cost exponents that quantify the economies of scale are regressed, and the most profitable flowsheets are identified for different energy price scenarios and scale. A comparison with current literature on SNG production from biomass reveals the potential of applying such systematic process systems engineering approaches for the design of energy- and cost-efficient biofuel plants.
Optically Excited Entangled States in Organic Molecules Illuminate the Dark (2013)

We utilize quantum entangled photons to carry out nonlinear optical spectroscopy in organic molecules with an extremely small number of photons. For the first time, fluorescence is reported as a result of entangled photon absorption in organic nonlinear optical molecules. Selectivity of the entangled photon absorption process is also observed and a theoretical model of this process is provided. Through these experiments and theoretical modeling it is found that while some molecules may not have strong classical nonlinear optical properties due to their excitation pathways; these same excitation pathways may enhance the entangled photon processes. It is found that the opposite is also true. Some materials with weak classical nonlinear optical effects may exhibit strong non-classical nonlinear optical effects. Our entangled photon fluorescence results provide the first steps in realizing and demonstrating the viability of entangled two-photon microscopy, remote sensing, and optical communications.
Fast and lossless implementation of the forward and inverse MDCT computation in MPEG audio coding (2003)

The modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) is a lapped transform used in transform coding schemes as an analysis/synthesis filter bank based on the concept of time domain aliasing cancellation. We propose to implement the MDCT using the lifting scheme for its lossless implementation with integer coefficients. The lifting scheme requires that the MDCT structure be composed of orthonormal matrices. In this paper we obtain the orthonormal factorization of the rotations and the DCT/DST blocks of the MDCT. The new MDCT structure obtained is then implemented using the lifting scheme. This renders the MDCT impervious to quantization errors making it a lossless scheme, in the sense that any quantization error introduced by the forward transform is removed by the inverse transform. A performance comparison of the proposed implementation and the current technique is presented.
GABA‐mimetic drugs enhance apomorphine‐induced contralateral turning in rats with unilateral nigrostriatal dopamine denervation: Implications for the therapy of Parkinson's disease (1987)

The underlying mechanisms responsible for advanced Parkinson's disease's becoming refractory to dopamimetic therapies are unclear. Postmortem brain studies indicate that patients with Parkinson's disease have decreased basal ganglia gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function in addition to profound striatal dopamine (DA) deficiencies. In experimental animals, GABA-utilizing striatal and nigral projection neurons appear to mediate motor behaviors arising from the stimulation of striatal DA receptors by agonists. We have examined the ability of directly and indirectly acting GABA-mimetic drugs to alter turning behavior elicited by administering apomorphine, a DA agonist, to rats with unilateral lesions of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. Low doses of directly acting postsynaptic GABA agonists (progabide, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin--3-01) or a neuronal GABA transport inhibitor (SKF 100330-A) potentiate apomorphine-induced turning. Higher doses of these agents or acute inhibition of GABA catabolism inhibits turning. Our results suggest that low doses of certain GABA mimetics will improve the responses of patients with Parkinson's disease to concurrent DA receptor agonist therapy.
Automated Online Solid Phase Extraction Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Forty-Two Therapeutic Drugs and Drugs of Abuse in Human Urine (2010)

The study deals with a fast (analysis times of around 11 min) simultaneous identification and quantification in human urine of 42 drugs (21 therapeutic and 21 of abuse), through an automated online solid phase extraction ultra high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (SPE UHPLC-MS/MS). In the method validation, particular attention was devoted to the matrix effect, through matrix-matched calibration in blank urine, suitably diluted. For all the abuse drugs investigated, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) values are lower than the legal threshold concentration levels, making the method suitable for routine control. The whole procedure was applied in the analysis of urine of patients positive to the I level screening test.
Synthesis of high-quality CdS, ZnS, and Zn<sub>x</sub>Cd<sub>1 − x</sub>S nanocrystals using metal salts and elemental sulfur (2004)

High-quality CdS, ZnS and alloyed ZnxCd1 − xS nanocrystals are synthesized in the commonly available coordinating solvent, high boiling-point long-chain amines, using the corresponding metal salts (such as metal stearate, acetate, chloride, sulfate etc.) and elemental sulfur as the precursors. The obtained CdS and alloyed ZnxCd1 − xS nanocrystals possess quantum-confinement wavelength-tunable optical absorption and band-edge emission with photoluminescence quantum yields of 25–45%. The photoluminescence spectra are dominated by the band-edge emission without deep-trap emission. Particular interests in this synthetic approach are that cubic zinc-blende CdS and ZnxCd1 − xS nanocrystals are formed at high temperatures, and the rapid nucleation and instant termination of the crystal growth process is observed. This nucleation and growth feature makes the reproducible and controllable synthesis of nanocrystals with specific emission wavelengths feasible. The alloy structure of the ZnxCd1 − xS nanocrystals is proved by the optical spectra and XRD diffractograms, in which the absorption onset and emission peak shift to shorter wavelength; the diffraction peaks systematically shift toward larger angles with an increase of the Zn molar ratio in the material.
New TGB<sub>A</sub> series exhibiting a S<sub>C</sub>*S<sub>A</sub>S<sub>A</sub>*N* phase sequence (1992)

Abstract A new series with a chiral tolane core has been synthesized. These materials belong to the optically active series: 3-fluoro-4-[(R) or (S)-1-methylheptyloxy]4′-(4″-alkyloxy-3″-fluorobenzoyloxy)tolanes (nFBTFO1M7). For the first time, the helical SA* phase or TGBA phase is found in all of the derivatives from heptyloxy to octadecyloxy. The SA-SA*-N* phase sequence is observed in several compounds with short chains and the SC*-SA-SA*-N* phase sequence is obtained with the decyloxy derivative. The TGBA phase has filament or cholesteric textures. The helical pitch of the TGBA phase is short for the octadecyloxy derivative and is compared with that for different chain lengths as a function of temperature. The layer spacing in the TGBA phase shows that it is incommensurate with the fully elongated molecular length.
ADAMTS13 reduces vascular inflammation and the development of early atherosclerosis in mice (2011)

ADAMTS13, a metalloprotease, plays a pivotal role in preventing spontaneous microvascular thrombosis by cleaving hyperactive ultra large von Willebrand factor multimers into smaller, less active multimers. Reduced ADAMTS13 activity in plasma has been described in many diseases associated with systemic inflammation. It remains uncertain, however, whether ADAMTS13 contributes to disease pathogenesis or rather simply serves as an inflammation-associated marker. We hypothesized that, by decreasing vascular inflammation, ADAMTS13 reduces the development of early atherosclerotic plaques. Using intravital fluorescence microscopy, we observed excessive leukocyte adhesion and accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation at the carotid sinus of Adamts13(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) mice compared with ApoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat Western diet. At 4 months of age, there was a significant increase in atherosclerosis in the aorta and aortic sinus of Adamts13(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) mice compared with ApoE(-/-) mice. Interestingly, we detected a 2-fold increase in macrophage recruitment to the atherosclerotic plaque of the Adamts13(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) mice compared with ApoE(-/-) mice, suggesting that the atherosclerotic lesions in these mice were not only larger but also more inflammatory. These findings reveal a new functional role for the antithrombotic enzyme ADAMTS13 in reducing excessive vascular inflammation and plaque formation during early atherosclerosis.
Neuroprotective Effects of the Green Tea Components Theanine and Catechins (2002)

The neuroprotective effects of theanine and catechins contained in green tea are discussed. Although the death of cultured rat cortical neurons was induced by the application of glutamic acid, this neuronal death was suppressed with exposure to theanine. The death of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons caused by transient forebrain ischemia in the gerbil was inhibited with the ventricular preadministration of theanine. The neuronal death of the hippocampal CA3 region by kainate was also prevented by the administration of theanine. Theanine has a higher binding capacity for the AMPA/kainate receptors than for NMDA receptors, although the binding capacity in all cases is markedly less than that of glutamic acid. The results of the present study suggest that the mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of theanine is related not only to the glutamate receptor but also to other mechanisms such as the glutamate transporter, although further studies are needed. One of the onset mechanisms for arteriosclerosis, a major factor in ischemic cerebrovascular disease, is probably the oxidative alteration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by active oxygen species. The oxidative alterations of LDL were shown to be prevented by tea catechins. Scavenging of *O(2)(-) was also exhibited by tea catechins. The neuroprotective effects of theanine and catechins contained in green tea are a focus of considerable attention, and further studies are warranted.
Syntheses of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrofuran-3-one (furaneol), a flavor principle of pineapple and strawberry (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrofuran-3-one (furaneol), a flavor principle of pineapple and strawberryGeorge Buechi, Edouard Demole, and Alan F. ThomasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 1, 123–125Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00941a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00941a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views757Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
N-Acetyl-D-Galactosamine-Inhibitable Adherence Lectin of Entamoeba histolytica. I. Partial Purification and Relation to Amoebic Virulence in Vitro (1985)

Adherence of axenic Entamoeba histolytica, strain HM1-IMSS, to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is mediated by an amoebic adhesin that is inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc). The in vitro virulence for CHO cells and human neutrophils (PMNs) of four strains of axenic amoebae was strain HM1-IMSS greater than H303-NIH = 200-NIH greater than nonvirulent Laredo (P less than .001). The HM1 strain had the greatest sensitivity to GalNAc-mediated inhibition of adherence (P less than .001). GalNAc (1.0 g/100 ml) inhibited the killing of CHO cells and PMNs by HM1 amoebae (P less than .001) and allowed PMNs to kill the amoebae (P less than .0047). Gel filtration chromatography of a soluble fraction of amoebic sonicate demonstrated a GalNAc-inhibitable amoebic lectin of 43,000-67,000 daltons that agglutinated CHO cells, erythrocytes, and PMNs. Strain HM1 contained greater specific lectin activity than did strains 303, 200, and Laredo amoebae (P less than .0016). The in vitro virulence of E. histolytica is associated with a GalNAc-inhibitable amoebic adhesin; this report is the first of a soluble GalNAc-inhibitable amoebic lectin.
Serotonin reduces synaptic excitation in the superficial medial entorhinal cortex of the rat via a presynaptic mechanism (1998)

1. The superficial layers II and III of the entorhinal cortex, which form the main cortical input to the hippocampus, receive a large serotonergic projection from the raphe nuclei and express 5-HT receptors at high density. Here, we studied the effects of serotonin on the intrinsic properties and excitatory synaptic transmission of the superficial medial entorhinal cortex. 2. Intracellular and patch clamp recordings revealed that serotonin hyperpolarized only one-third of the cells, approximately, through a potassium conductance via a GTP-dependent process. 3. Serotonin depressed mixed as well as isolated alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole- propionic acid receptor (AMPAR)- and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials/currents (EPSPs/EPSCsapproximately 40 % reduction with 1 microM serotonin). 4. The effect of serotonin on EPSPs/EPSCs was similar in whole-cell versus intracellular recordings; it did not require intracellular GTP and was not visible in glutamate applications to excised patches. Miniature EPSCs recorded in the presence of tetrodotoxin and bicuculline were reduced in frequency, but not altered in amplitude. 5. The effects of serotonin on intrinsic properties and EPSPs were partially mimicked by 5-HT1A receptor agonists (+/-)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT) and 5-carboxamido-tryptamine maleate (5-CT), and reduced by 5-HT1A receptor antagonists S-(-)-5-fluoro-8-hydroxy-DPAT hydrochloride (S-UH-301), 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido)butyl]piperazine hydrobromide (NAN-190) and spiperone. 6. We conclude that serotonin potently suppresses excitatory synaptic transmission via 5-HT1A receptors in layers II and III of the medial entorhinal cortex by a presynaptic mechanism.
Forecasting optical turbulence strength on the basis of macroscale meteorology and aerosols: models and validation (1992)

Although optical turbulence is usually modeled with micrometeorology, it is shown here that this can be done successfully too with macrometeorology using meteorological parameters measured with standard weather stations and predicted in standard weather forecasts. This makes it possible to predict C<sup>2</sup>n according to weather forecast. Two experimentally derived models are developed-one for practical use and the other for scientific understanding. Correlation of prediction with measurement is on the order of 90% or more, over large dynamic ranges of meteorological parameters. One interesting aspect of these measurements is the statistical evidence that scintillations are affected by aerosols, particularly under conditions of high total aerosol cross-sectional area. Various explanations for effects of aerosols on C<sup>2</sup>n and its measurement are suggested. In addition, validity of the models was examined, and experimental comparisons in two very different climates and surface conditions are presented. High correlation is found in both cases between prediction and measurement.