gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Active and Durable Core–Corona Structured Bifunctional Catalyst for Rechargeable Metal–Air Battery Application (2012)

A new class of core–corona structured bifunctional catalyst (CCBC) consisting of lanthanum nickelate centers supporting nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) has been developed for rechargeable metal–air battery application. The nanostructured design of the catalyst allows the core and corona to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), respectively. These materials displayed exemplary OER and ORR activity through half-cell testing, comparable to state of the art commercial lanthanum nickelate (LaNiO3) and carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C), with added bifunctional capabilities allowing metal–air battery rechargeability. LaNiO3 and Pt/C are currently the most accepted benchmark electrocatalyst materials for the OER and ORR, respectively; thus with comparable activity toward both of these reactions, CCBC are presented as a novel, inexpensive catalyst component for the cathode of rechargeable metal–air batteries. Moreover, after full-range degradation testing (FDT) CCBC retained excellent activity, retaining 3 and 13 times greater ORR and OER current upon comparison to state of the art Pt/C. Zinc–air battery performances of CCBC is in good agreement with the half-cell experiments with this bifunctional electrocatalyst displaying high activity and stability during battery discharge, charge, and cycling processes. Owing to its outstanding performance toward both the OER and ORR, comparable with the highest performing commercial catalysts to date for each of the respective reaction, coupled with high stability and rechargeability, CCBC is presented as a novel class of bifunctional catalyst material that is very applicable to future generation rechargeable metal–air batteries.
An application synopsis tool for database applications developed using oracle application express (2010)

For any application, it is desirable to have an application synopsis tool that minimizes efficiency lags, and improves developer's productivity by presenting an overview of the application being developed. In this paper, we consider the problem of deriving synopsis of a database-centric application developed using Oracle Application Express (APEX), a rapid application development tool. Specifically, we have developed an Application Synopsis tool that complements Oracle APEX 3.2 views and application reports capability by including i) An Application Page Branching Tree, ii) An Application Schema Object Dependency Viewer, and iii) Application Page-Composition and Page-Schema-Object Reference Charts. Furthermore, the tool links directly with the corresponding APEX application and page summaries thereby allowing seamless use of combined capabilities in analyzing an application. The usability study conducted with three applications, namely, a magazine subscriber management system (an application under development), a tuberculosis treatment management system (an application in use in trial mode), and a configurable patient services accounting system (an application already operational at multiple hospital sites and evolving), demonstrate the benefits of having such a tool.
Folate‐mediated cell uptake of shell‐crosslinked spheres and cylinders (2008)

This paper reports the synthesis of shell crosslinked nanoparticles (SCKs) of spherical and cylindrical shapes, and their functionalization with folate using a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) construct that has folate and an amine group as the opposing chain termini. By use of confocal microscopy, we demonstrate the selective delivery of folate conjugated SCKs to human KB cells, a cell line that overexpresses the folate receptor (FR). A higher extent of polymer uptake by the cells occurred with the cylindrical SCK morphology, relative to the spherical SCKs, when both samples had the same fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide and polymer concentrations. In both cases, by using excess free folic acid as a block or SCKs lacking the folate-PEG conjugate, cell uptake was significantly reduced. These results suggest that particle shape may play an important role in receptor-mediated cell uptake, and may be exploited in the targeted delivery of nanoscopic drugs.
Automated retinal blood vessels extraction using Optimized Gabor filter (2014)

This paper presents a new automatic method to extract the retinal blood vessel under various normal or abnormal conditions. Extraction of blood vessels in retina is helpful for ophthalmologists to screen larger populations. The commonly used Gabor filter methods often produce false positive detections of blood vessels. We proposed a method for segmentation of blood vessels using Optimized Gabor filter as they tuned to the specific frequency and orientation. We have employed robust performance analysis to evaluate the accuracy. Our proposed Optimized Gabor filter demonstrated higher true positive rate and reduce false detection than existing various techniques in vessels extraction.
Sleep-disordered breathing in normal and pathologic aging. (1986)

In a study of sleep-disordered breathing among 139 elderly individuals, sleep apnea (defined as 5 or more apneas per hour) occurred in 34 (41.7%) Alzheimer's subjects compared with 56 (5.4%) healthy controls, 35 (11.4%) depressive subjects, and 24 (16.7%) patients with mixed symptoms of both cognitive impairment and depression (p less than .001). Alzheimer's patients had a significantly higher proportion of NREM-related than REM-related apnea. Moreover, a significant (p less than .01) positive correlation between the apnea index and severity of dementia, as measured by the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale, was found in apnea-positive Alzheimer's patients, as well as in the entire sample of Alzheimer's patients (p less than .05). No such correlation was found in the mixed-symptoms group. Possible clinical and neuropathologic implications are discussed.
Stimulation of the Posterior Columns of the Spinal Cord for Pain Control: Indications, Technique, and Results (1974)

Neurosurgery: January 1974 - Volume 21 - Issue - p 278-310 doi: 10.1093/neurosurgery/21.CN_suppl_1.278
STABILITY AND CONTROL OF MANNED ROTATING SPACE STATIONS (1963)

Stability and attitude control of manned rotating space stations, using a primary flywheel wobble damper and a backup pulse-jet damping and orientation system
Increased hemangioblast commitment, not vascular disorganization, is the primary defect in <i>flt-1</i> knock-out mice (1999)

We previously demonstrated the essential role of the flt-1 gene in regulating the development of the cardiovascular system. While the inactivation of the flt-1 gene leads to a very severe disorganization of the vascular system, the primary defect at the cellular level was unknown. Here we report a surprising finding that it is an increase in the number of endothelial progenitors that leads to the vascular disorganization in flt-1(-/-) mice. At the early primitive streak stage (prior to the formation of blood islands), hemangioblasts are formed much more abundantly in flt-1(-/-) embryos. This increase is primarily due to an alteration in cell fate determination among mesenchymal cells, rather than to increased proliferation, migration or reduced apoptosis of flt-1(-/-) hemangioblasts. We further show that the increased population density of hemangioblasts is responsible for the observed vascular disorganization, based on the following observations: (1) both flt-1(-/-) and flt-1(+/+) endothelial cells formed normal vascular channels in chimaeric embryos; (2) wild-type endothelial cells formed abnormal vascular channels when their population density was significantly increased; and (3) in the absence of wild-type endothelial cells, flt-1(-/-) endothelial cells alone could form normal vascular channels when sufficiently diluted in a developing embryo. These results define the primary defect in flt-1(-/-) embryos at the cellular level and demonstrate the importance of population density of progenitor cells in pattern formation.
Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Replication in vitro by Human Cytotoxic T Cell Clones and Natural Killer Cell Clones (1985)

The abilities of human cytotoxic T cell (CTL) clones and natural killer (NK) cell clones to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in vitro were shown. The specificities of clones inhibiting HSV replication were the same as those of cytotoxicity in HSV type specificity and HLA restriction, i.e. HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2) common CTL clones inhibited the replication of both HSV-1 and HSV-2 in autologous cells, but not in allogeneic cells. HSV-1-specific CTL clones inhibited the replication of HSV-1 in autologous cells; however, the replication of HSV-2 was not inhibited. NK cell clones inhibited the replication of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in autologous and allogeneic cells. This is the first demonstration that human virus-specific CTL clones and NK cell clones directly limit virus replication in vitro.
Parallelizing Speaker-Attributed Speech Recognition for Meeting Browsing (2010)

The following article presents an application for browsing meeting recordings by speaker and keyword which we call the Meeting Diarist. The goal of the system is to enable browsing of the content with rich meta-data in a graphical user interface shortly after the end of meeting, even when the application runs on a contemporary laptop. We there-fore developed novel parallel methods for speaker diarization and multi-hypothesis speech recognition that are optimized to run on multicore and many core architectures. This paper presents the underlying parallel speaker diarization and speech recognition realizations, a comparison of results based on NIST RT07 evaluation data, and a description of the final application.
Effect of D-glucarates on basic antibiotic-induced renal damage in rats. (1976)

Dehydrated rats regularly develop acute renal failure following single injection of aminoglycoside antibiotics combined with dextran or of antibiotics only. Oral administration of 2,5-di-O-acetyl-D-glucaro-1,4-6,3-dilactone protected rats against renal failure induced by kanamycin-dextran. The protective effect was prevalent among D-glucarates, and also to other saccharic acid, hexauronic acids and hexaaldonic acids, although to a lesser degree, but not to a hexaaldose, sugar alcohols, substances inthe TCA cycle and other acidic compounds. D-Glucarates were effective against renal damage induced by peptide antibiotics as well as various aminoglycoside antibitocis. Dose-responses were observed in the protective effect of D-Glucarates. With a D-glucarate of a fixed size of dose, approximately the same degree of protection was obtained against renal damages induced by different basic antibiotics despite large disparities in administration doses of different antibiotics. D-Glucarates had the ability to prevent renal damage but not to cure it. Rats excreted acidic urine when they were spared from renal lesions by monosaccharides. The reduction effect of D-glucarates against nephrotoxicity of basic antibiotics was discussed.
Immune responses in rats supplemented with selenium. (1986)

It is generally accepted that Selenium (Se) is necessary for optimum performance of the immune system. Selenium deficiency results in immune suppression but little is known concerning the effect of excess Se on immune function. Recent evidence suggests that oral Se supplementation may impede oncogenesis, but the mechanism of this action is currently unknown. Conversely, under certain conditions, Se is suspected of promoting neoplasia. The studies described herein delineate the effects of excess Se (0.5, 2.0 or 5.0 p.p.m.) on specific immune functions of Se-adequate rats, namely, antibody synthesis, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), natural killer (NK) cell activity, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, and interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity. Selenium administered to female Sprague-Dawley rats for 10 weeks at 0.5 and 2.0 p.p.m. resulted in significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) enhancement of splenic NK activity while the NK response in the 5.0 p.p.m. Se-treated rats was equivalent to the non-Se-treated controls. Conversely, the DTH response was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) suppressed at all three dosages while antibody synthesis and prostaglandin E2 activity were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) reduced compared to the controls at the highest dosage of Se. IL-1 activity was unaffected by Se exposure. These data could partially explain the contradictory oncogenic characteristics of Se. For instance, tumours that are NK sensitive could be prevented and/or responsive to Se therapy, while NK insensitive neoplasms could be enhanced by Se supplementation due to the impaired function of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN: An Emerging Role as a Developmental Factor (1998)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is the agent responsible for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Its pathogenic role in this syndrome is well established and attention has focused in recent years on the elucidation of the roles played by PTHrP in normal developmental and adult physiology. This review focuses on studies of the past two years: (a) elucidation of the posttranslational processing pattern of PTHrP, the mechanisms of action of the various secretory forms of PTHrP, the role of PTHrP as an intracrine regulator of cell growth and cell death; (b) the emergence of PTHrP as a critical developmental factor in the mammary gland, epidermis, and the skeleton; and (c) the advances in understanding of the roles of PTHrP in the regulation of pancreatic islet mass, vascular smooth muscle tone and proliferation, and materno-fetal calcium transfer across the placenta.
Interleukin‐3 administration enhances human monocyte function <i>in vivo</i> (1994)

In addition to its haemopoietic effects, interleukin-3 (IL-3) enhances leucocyte function in vitro. In this study we examined the effects on haematological variables and monocyte function of a single IL-3 infusion in five haematologically normal individuals. There was a rapid fall in circulating monocyte (to 24 +/- 6% of pre-infusion value) and eosinophil numbers (to 3 +/- 2%) with a nadir at 30 min and gradual return to baseline over 6 h. No significant changes in monocyte expression of the adhesion molecules CD11b or L-selectin or of monocyte respiratory burst activity were detected. There was a significant increase in monocyte phagocytosis and killing of Candida after IL-3 infusion: the percentage of monocytes which had ingested Candida increased from 39 +/- 10% to 62 +/- 12% and the total number of Candida killed per 100 monocytes increased from 63 +/- 34 to 210 +/- 59 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). There was no inhibition of neutrophil migration into a 'skin window' site and monocyte migration was moderately enhanced (peak increase of 260 +/- 47%). These results show that IL-3 has significant effects on monocyte function in vivo and could be of use in augmenting host defence mechanisms in immunocompromised patients.
On Upper-Confidence Bound Policies for Non-Stationary Bandit Problems (2008)

Multi-armed bandit problems are considered as a paradigm of the trade-off between exploring the environment to find profitable actions and exploiting what is already known. In the stationary case, the distributions of the rewards do not change in time, Upper-Confidence Bound (UCB) policies have been shown to be rate optimal. A challenging variant of the MABP is the non-stationary bandit problem where the gambler must decide which arm to play while facing the possibility of a changing environment. In this paper, we consider the situation where the distributions of rewards remain constant over epochs and change at unknown time instants. We analyze two algorithms: the discounted UCB and the sliding-window UCB. We establish for these two algorithms an upper-bound for the expected regret by upper-bounding the expectation of the number of times a suboptimal arm is played. For that purpose, we derive a Hoeffding type inequality for self normalized deviations with a random number of summands. We establish a lower-bound for the regret in presence of abrupt changes in the arms reward distributions. We show that the discounted UCB and the sliding-window UCB both match the lower-bound up to a logarithmic factor.
A software performance simulation methodology for rapid system architecture exploration (2008)

The performance simulation of embedded system designs is often a time consuming process. Whereas the simulation performance of hardware models depends on the chosen abstraction level, the software part is usually simulated with a slow Instruction-Set-Simulator (ISS), which greatly limits the entire simulation speed.
Physically disconnected non-diffusible cell-to-cell communication between neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and DRG primary sensory neurons. (2013)

The local presence of apoptotic DRG or human neuroblastoma cells induced differing abnormal ATP and capsaicin-mediated [Ca(2+)](i) fluxes in normal DRG. These findings support physically disconnected, non-diffusible cell-to-cell signaling. Further studies are needed to delineate the mechanism(s) of and model(s) of communication.
Influence of the oxygen microenvironment on the proangiogenic potential of human endothelial colony forming cells (2009)

Therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising strategy to promote the formation of new or collateral vessels for tissue regeneration and repair. Since changes in tissue oxygen concentrations are known to stimulate numerous cell functions, these studies have focused on the oxygen microenvironment and its role on the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells. We analyzed the proangiogenic potential of human endothelial colony-forming cells (hECFCs), a highly proliferative population of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and compared outcomes to human dermal microvascular cells (HMVECs) under oxygen tensions ranging from 1% to 21% O2, representative of ischemic or healthy tissues and standard culture conditions. Compared to HMVECs, hECFCs (1) exhibited significantly greater proliferation in both ischemic conditions and ambient air; (2) demonstrated increased migration compared to HMVECs when exposed to chemotactic gradients in reduced oxygen; and (3) exhibited comparable or superior proangiogenic potential in reduced oxygen conditions when assessed using a vessel-forming assay. These data demonstrate that the angiogenic potential of both endothelial populations is influenced by the local oxygen microenvironment. However, hECFCs exhibit a robust angiogenic potential in oxygen conditions representative of physiologic, ischemic, or ambient air conditions, and these findings suggest that hECFCs may be a superior cell source for use in cell-based approaches for the neovascularization of ischemic or engineered tissues.
Performance-Modifying Influences in Dry Powder Inhalation Systems (1995)

Abstract Although dry powder inhaler (DPI) systems offer many advantages over conventional pressurized metered dose aerosols for therapeutic use, there are a number of formulation-related aspects of functionality which can significantly reduce DPI performance. A general introduction is provided to the physical requirements for preparation of efficient and effective therapeutic aerosols and dry powder inhaler systems in particular. Of a number of important DPI design factors highlighted in the introduction, the present study concentrates on two specific ex vivo performance-modifying influences of particle characteristics used in dry powder inhalers. Firstly, powder entrainment characteristics were studied using a model system and it was found that particle-entrainment tube (device) interactions were of two main types, depending on whether coarse or fine lactose particles were involved. In the case of coarse particles (in the range 90–180 μm), entrainment was found to depend on mean linear air velocity (in the range 5–15 ms−1) and tube diameter. For fine particles (in the range 63–90 μm), entrainment was found to be dependent on both tube diameter and pressure drop at the site of entrainment. Further, in the case of lactose carrier particles > 90 μm, entrainment was found to be complete in a small velocity spread, unlike the behavior of finer particles (< 90 μm). Secondly, powder blend homogeneity/stability was found to be a function of the number and nature of the contacting surfaces. Optimum homogeneity of lactose/salbutamol blends was achieved with single contact surface blending. Blends were destabilized by contact with dissimilar second contact surfaces. * Based on a paper presented at the American Association for Aerosol Reserach Meeting, Chicago, October, 1993. Notes * Based on a paper presented at the American Association for Aerosol Reserach Meeting, Chicago, October, 1993.
3D Cable‐Based Cartesian Metrology System (2004)

Abstract A novel cable‐based metrology system is presented wherein six cables are connected in parallel from ground‐mounted string pots to the moving object or tool of interest. Cartesian pose can be determined for feedback control and other purposes by reading the lengths of the six cables via the string pots and using closed‐form forward pose kinematics. This article focuses on a sculpting metrology tool, assisting a human artist in generating a piece from a computer model, but applications exist in manufacturing, rapid prototyping, robotics, and automated construction. We present experimental data to demonstrate the operation of our system, we study the absolute accuracy and also measurement resolution, and we discuss various error sources. The proposed real‐time cable‐based metrology system is less complex and more economical than existing commercial Cartesian metrology technologies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical diagnosis of Binswanger's disease. (1990)

To aid in the prospective study of Binswanger's disease, a poorly understood form of vascular dementia, a standardised criteria for its antemortem diagnosis was proposed. These criteria include dementia, bilateral radiological abnormalities on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and at least two of the following three clinical findings: A) a vascular risk factor or evidence of systemic vascular disease; B) evidence of focal cerebrovascular disease; and C) evidence of "subcortical" cerebral dysfunction. These criteria were validated in two ways. First, by retrospectively applying them to a series of 30 demented patients with various pathological diagnoses. Second, by prospectively applying them to a series of 184 patients with clinically typical Alzheimer's disease. The sensitivity and specificity of the criteria appear adequate for use in clinical research.
Experimental studies in a new automatic speaker verification system using telephone speech (2005)

New techniques for automatic speaker verification are described which are based on cepstral analysis of fixed sentence-long utterances. Utterances are represented by time functions of cepstral coefficients expanded by an orthogonal polynomial. Sample utterance representations are compared with similarly constituted reference patterns to decide whether to accept or reject an identity claim. A dynamic programming technique is used to bring sample utterance representations into time registration with reference patterns. A local distance measurement is summed along the optimal path associated with the time registration to provide an overall distance which is compared with a threshold to effect the decision. Results of an evaluation using prerecorded utterance sets including telephone speech are presented. Verification error rates less 1% are obtained.