gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring via Multi-Label Classification (2016)

Demand-side management technology is a key element of the proposed smart grid, which will help utilities make more efficient use of their generation assets by reducing consumers' energy demand during peak load periods. However, although some modern appliances can respond to price signals from the utility companies, there is a vast stock of older appliances that cannot. For such appliances, utilities must infer what appliances are operating in a home, given only the power signals on the main feeder to the home (i.e., the home's power consumption must be disaggregated into individual appliances). We report on an in-depth investigation of multi-label classification algorithms for disaggregating appliances in a power signal. A systematic review of this research topic shows that this class of algorithms has received little attention in the literature, even though it is arguably a more natural fit to the disaggregation problem than the traditional single-label classifiers used to date. We examine a multi-label meta-classification framework (RAkEL), and a bespoke multi-label classification algorithm (MLkNN), employing both time-domain and wavelet-domain feature sets. We test these classifiers on two real houses from the Reference Energy Disaggregation Dataset. We found that the multilabel algorithms are effective and competitive with published results on the datasets.
MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole and terbinafine in Sporothrix schenckii (2009)

The in vitro susceptibility of 62 isolates of Sporothrix schenckii in its mycelial form, from Latin-American countries (Peru, Venezuela, Brazil and Uruguay) and Spain, to amphotericin B (AB), itraconazole (IZ), posaconazole (PZ) and terbinafine (TB) was determined by measuring the MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) using a standardized Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute method. In general, TB was the most active drug, with the lowest geometric mean (GM) MIC and MFC values amongst isolates from the five countries tested. IZ and PZ showed almost the same activity against all strains tested, except for isolates from Uruguay where IZ gave the highest GM MIC (10.68 mg l(-1)). AB showed the widest MIC range (0.03-16.0 mg l(-1)); however, this drug was less active against 79 % of isolates (MICs above 1 mg l(-1)). MFCs were 5 to 20 times higher than the MICs, but the lowest GM MFC and range values were found for TB. IZ and PZ gave the highest GM MFC. MFC may be a better predictor of therapeutic response than MIC, especially in immunosuppressed patients, making the use of IZ and PZ an inappropriate treatment. There were some differences in susceptibility according to the geographical source of the isolates, with the MIC being lower for TB in Venezuelan strains (P=0.066) and the MFC higher for PZ in Peruvian strains (P=0.02). Thus, geographical origin may be important for appropriate treatment, and may relate to the identification of species of the S. schenckii complex.
Transgenic mice expressing CUG-BP1 reproduce splicing mis-regulation observed in myotonic dystrophy (2005)

Myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is an RNA-mediated disease caused by a non-coding CTG repeat expansion. A key feature of the RNA-mediated pathogenesis model for DM is the disrupted splicing of specific pre-mRNA targets. A link has been established between splicing regulation by CUG-BP1, a member of the CELF family of proteins, and DM1 pathogenesis. To determine whether increased CUG-BP1 function was sufficient to model DM, transgenic mice overexpressing CUG-BP1 (MCKCUG-BP1) in heart and skeletal muscle, two tissues affected in DM1, were generated. Histological and electron microscopic analyses of skeletal muscle reveal common pathological features with DM tissues: chains of central nuclei, degenerating fibers and centralized NADH reactivity. MCKCUG-BP1 mice have disrupted splicing of three CELF target pre-mRNAs, cardiac troponin T (Tnnt2), myotubularin-related 1 gene (Mtmr1) and the muscle-specific chloride channel (Clcn1), consistent with that observed in DM heart and skeletal muscle. The results are consistent with a mechanism for DM pathogenesis in which expanded repeats result in increased CUG-BP1 activity and/or other CELF family members and have trans-dominant effects on specific pre-mRNA targets.
Drivers' responses to road-user charges using global positioning system (GPS) technology (2000)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a field-trial of a GPS-based road-user charging system held in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Employees from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne were recruited to participate in experiments of both point-based and distance-based charging. To avoid road-user charges for commuting to and from the University during the trial period, volunteers could choose either to reschedule the departure time of their trip or to use an alternative uncharged route. Virtual charging-points were implemented using GPS equipment and the on-board charging system designed and developed by the research team in Newcastle. The paper provides an introduction to the field-trial, describes the technical development of the on-board automatic debiting system using GPS for real-time vehicle location. Results and conclusions from the field-trial are presented, and a discussion of the future directions included.
Cancer Selective Metallocenedicarboxylates of the Fungal Cytotoxin Illudin M (2011)

The diester 2a obtained from 1,1'-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid and the highly and indiscriminately cytotoxic fungal metabolite illudin M (1) displayed antiproliferative activity at submicromolar IC(50) (72 h) values against a panel of eight cancer cell lines. Compound 2a was about 40 times less toxic than 1 to nonmalignant human foreskin fibroblasts (HF). The analogous bis(illudinyl M) 1,1'-ruthenocenedicarboxylate (2b) exhibited submicromolar IC(50) (72 h) values only against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7/Topo breast carcinoma and HL-60 leukemia cells. Cytotoxicity studies in the presence of inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) revealed that the high efficacy of 2a, but not that of 2b, against HCT-116 colon cancer cells depends on active JNK/ERK signaling. A new illudin M lactone 5 was of low anticancer activity, but its ruthenocene diester 6b also reached single-digit micromolar IC(50) (72 h) values in HCT-116, MCF-7, and HL-60 leukemia cells while not affecting HF. Compounds 2a and 6b were tolerated by mice symptom-free at single doses as high as 25 mg/kg body weight, which is evidence for them being chemically stable under physiological conditions. Compound 2a displayed a manageable in vivo toxicity profile when given repeatedly in high doses.
Use of a Sleep Positioning Device Significantly Improves Nocturnal Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms (2014)

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of sleep positioning when treating patients with nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A recent study showed a decrease in nocturnal acid exposure and reflux episodes in healthy volunteers who slept using a sleep positioning device (SPD) consisting of a two-component incline base (9 inches in height) and a lateral positioner body pillow(Medcline, Amenity Health, Inc., San Diego, CA). The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of this SPD decreases nocturnal symptoms in patients diagnosed with GERD.Figure 1: N-GSSIQ before and after use of the sleep-positioning device.Methods: This is a single institution prospective trial involving patients on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with continued frequent moderate to severe nocturnal heartburn and regurgitation. Patients completed the Nocturnal GERD Symptom Severity and Impact Questionnaire (N-GSSIQ) at enrollment. The N-GSSIQ is a validated questionnaire comprised of three parts (Nocturnal GERD Symptoms, Morning Impact of GERD, and Concern about Nocturnal GERD). Patients were then instructed to sleep on the SPD for two weeks for at least 6 hours per night. At the end of the two week trial, patients repeated the N-GSSIQ. All analyses were performed using SAS (version 9.2, The SAS Institute, Cary, NC) and R (version 3.0.3, The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Results: A total of 9 patients (4 female and 5 male, age 59.9±5.4 years, BMI 29.4±4.3) were recruited from an outpatient gastroenterology clinic. One patient was not able to be contacted to complete the N-GSSIQ after the two week period using the SPD. Significant improvements were seen in all N-GSSIQ pre- vs post scores: Total Score (mean 54.3 vs. 15.4, p<0.001), Nocturnal GERD (mean 35.1 vs. 8.1, p < 0.001), Morning Impact of Nocturnal GERD (mean 4.9 vs. 1.6, p=0.015), and Concern about Nocturnal GERD (mean 14.3 vs. 5.6, p= 0.002). No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: In patients with nocturnal heartburn and regurgitation despite PPI use, the Medcline SPD significantly reduced nocturnal symptoms, morning impact of nocturnal GERD, and concern about nocturnal GERD after two weeks of use. This research was supported by an industry grant from Amenity Health provided the Medcline SPD to each patient free of charge.
Factors Affecting International Mergers and Acquisitions (2003)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that explain outward and inward merger and acquisition (M/A) activity for a country. The variables used to explain M/A activity include the exchange rate, interest rate, and stock market prices. Regression analysis is used to isolate and clarify the effects of these three factors for aggregate M/A activity and M/A activity within the food, beverage, and tobacco industry. The analysis shows that three variables, the exchange rate, interest rate, and stock prices, are quite important in explaining variations in M/A activity by country. Exchange rate changes in particular have a very elastic impact on outward M/A activity, indicating that price effects are important in determining outward investment flows. The stock market index positively influenced inward and outward M/A activity. The interest rate had a negative impact on M/A in the inward and outward M/A models with M/A outflows decreasing by about the same percentage that interest rates increase.
Single-stage bilateral total shoulder arthroplasty (2006)

We compared six patients with a mean age of 70 years (49 to 80) with severe bilateral, painful glenohumeral joint destruction who underwent a single-stage bilateral total shoulder replacement, with eight patients of mean age 61 years (22 to 89) who underwent bilateral total shoulder replacement in two stages, at a mean interval of 18 months (6 to 43). The overall function, pain and strength improved significantly in both groups. The subjective shoulder value, relative Constant score, active external rotation and the strength were improved significantly more in the single-stage group. Active elevation, abduction and overall function improved, significantly more in the single-stage group. Both the total duration of hospitalisation and the time off work per shoulder were substantially shorter in the single-stage group. The overall rate of complication was lower in the single-stage group. Our findings indicated that single-stage bilateral total shoulder replacement yielded significantly better clinical results with shorter hospitalisation and rehabilitation than staged replacement, and was not associated with any increase in complications.
Molecular Imprinting of Small Molecules with Organic Silanes: Fluorescence Detection (1997)

Abstract Small molecules, peptides, and proteins can be imprinted using mixtures of organic silanes. Molecular imprints may serve as artificial receptors, i.e., biosensor sensing elements for detection of chemical and biological toxins, drugs, and environmental hazards. One method for detection of imprint-bound molecules is fluorescence. Molecular imprints to N-acetyltryptophanamide (NATA) and fluorescein were prepared, and their respective binding constants determined using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching plots of imprint-bound molecules using potassium iodide (KI) and acrylamide indicate bound molecules are shielded from the solvent environment. Scatchard plot analysis revealed two binding affinities, i.e., aKd = 0.13 and 2.5 μM for NATA binding to NATA imprints. Interestingly, NATA exhibited higher affinity, i.e., Kd = 1.3 and 35 nM, for the fluorescein imprint. These data support the usefulness of fluorescence techniques in molecular imprint-based detection technology.
Learning local image descriptors using binary decision trees (2014)

In this paper we propose a unified framework for learning such local image descriptors that describe pixel neighborhoods using binary codes. The descriptors are constructed using binary decision trees which are learnt from a set of training image patches. Our framework generalizes several previously proposed binary descriptors, such as BRIEF, LBP and their variants, and provides a principled way to learn new constructions which have not been previously studied. Further, the proposed framework can utilize both labeled or unlabeled training data, and hence fits to both supervised and unsupervised learning scenarios. We evaluate our framework using varying levels of supervision in the learning phase. The experiments show that our descriptor constructions perform comparably to benchmark descriptors in two different applications, namely texture categorization and age group classification from facial images.
Anticonvulsant activity of Schiff bases of isatin derivatives. (2004)

Schiff bases of N-methyl and N-acetyl isatin derivatives with different aryl amines have been synthesized and screened for anticonvulsant activities against maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous metrazole (ScMet). N-methyl-5-bromo-3-(p-chlorophenylimino) isatin (2) exhibited anticonvulsant activity in MES and ScMet with LD50 > 600 mg kg(-1), showing better activity than the standard drugs phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproic acid. Thus, compound 2 may be chosen as a prototype for development of new anticonvulsants.
Reusable electronics and adaptable communication as implemented in the odin modular robot (2009)

This paper describes the electronics and communication system of Odin, a novel heterogeneous modular robot made of links and joints. The electronics is divided into two printed circuit boards: a General board with reusable components and a Specific board with non-reusable components. While the General board is common to the design of every type of module, such as power, actuator, sensor and structure, the Specific board is unique to each type of module. The communication system, one of the most important reusable components of Odin, is based on local buses that can be extended by bridging electrical signals.
La baisse de la fécondité en Australie a la fin du XIXe siècle (1973)

H. J. La baisse de la fécondité en Australie à la fin du XIXe siècle.. In: Population, 28ᵉ année, n°1, 1973. pp. 153-155.
Sputter-deposited erbium-doped Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> active optical waveguides (1993)

A signal enhancement of 10dB at 1535nm with a low launched pump power of 1 mW at 1480nm is achieved for sputtered Er3+ : Y2O3 channel waveguides on oxidised silicon substrates. With the developed reactive co-sputtering process using sputterguns the erbium concentration can be varied easily and reproducibly.
Selective coupling of fiber modes with use of surface-guided Bloch modes supported by dielectric multilayer stacks (1995)

The surface-guided Bloch modes guided by the interface between a multilayer dielectric stack and an external medium are highly dispersive. This makes attractive their use in mode-selective coupling of light into and out of side-polished multimode fibers. The particular case of a dual-mode fiber is modeled. Mode selection by means of surface-guided Bloch modes is found to offer advantages in comparison with selection by means of a single-mode waveguiding film of the same average refractive index as the stack. Good modal selectivity is achievable together with high tunability, i.e., high sensitivity to the refractive index of the intervening layer between stack and side-polished fiber.
Structure and Function of β<sub>2</sub>-Glycoprotein I: With Special Reference to the Interaction with Phospholipid (1995)

beta 2-Glycoprotein I (beta 2-GPI) is a cofactor in the recognition of a phospholipid antigen, cardiolipin, by anticardiolipin antibodies in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. We examined the interaction of various forms of bovine beta 2-GPI, such as its intact form, desialylated form (Asialo beta 2-GPI), N-terminal domain (domain I) and the modified forms of beta 2-GPI and Asialo beta 2-GPI with nicks in their C-terminal domains (domain 5), with phospholipid liposomes under different conditions of pH and ionic strength. We found that at neutral pH and low ionic strength beta 2-GPI bound to liposome membranes containing cardiolipin with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 10(-8) M. Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid or phosphatidylinositol bound to beta 2-GPI, but phosphatidylcholine did not. We also found that domain I and Asialo beta 2-GPI bound to cardiolipin with Kd values of 10(-6) and 10(-8) M, respectively. At neutral pH and both low and high ionic strengths, the affinities of nicked forms of beta 2-GPI and Asialo beta 2-GPI for cardiolipin were lower than those of intact forms but similar to that of domain 1.
Isolation and characterization of a novel class of potent anti‐HIV proteins from an Australian soft coral (975.6) (2014)

An estimated 34 million people are living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. Increasing resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) challenges current therapies and it is critical to identify novel non‐ARV anti‐HIV agents to prevent infection. Here we report the isolation of a novel class of proteins, called Cnidarins, from the soft coral Synthecium sp. (phylum Cnidaria). The proteins were purified by sequential ethanol and ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified proteins, CNID‐1, CNID‐2 and CNID‐3, were monomers of ~170 amino acids with molecular weights of ~18 kDa. CNID‐1 and CNID‐3 (fully sequenced) showed no significant homology (>25%) to any known protein. All three cnidarins showed picomolar to low‐nanomolar activity against laboratory strains and primary isolates of HIV‐1. They inhibited viral fusion in a concentration‐dependant manner but not viral attachment, indicating the proteins’ antiviral effects occur after initial virus‐to‐cell attachment but prior to viral entry. CNID‐1 was the most potent (EC 50 of 85 pM) and bound to viral glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 equally in a concentration‐dependant manner, but not to other glycoproteins or soluble CD4. Pre‐treatment with CNID‐1 did not block sCD4 binding to gp120 and vice versa and its gp120 binding was independent of glycosylation. Pre‐treatment with other potent antiviral proteins, cyanovirin and scytovirin, did not affect CNID‐1 binding to gp120 and gp41, and seemed to promote slightly better binding of CNID‐1, while griffithsin pre‐treatment reduced CNID‐1 binding but not completely. Recombinant production in E.coli resulted in C‐terminal truncated forms of CNID‐1 (14‐16kDa, EC 50 of 45‐150nM). Ongoing work includes optimizing expression conditions to produce fully active rCNID‐1. Cnidarins represent a novel class of proteins that target viral fusion and inhibit HIV infection in a manner different from any currently identified anti‐HIV agent. Grant Funding Source : Supported by the Intramural Research Program, National Cancer Institute
Multibit oversampled Sigma Delta A/D converters as front end for CD players (1991)

A technique is presented for deriving all of the different control signals needed for focusing and radial tracking in a digital servosystem for compact disc (CD) players, as well as the full band data from the disc. Because of the different natures of all those signals, different bandwidth and dynamic range, complex analog anti-aliasing circuits, and several types of A/D (analog-to-digital) converters would normally be required to convert the signals from the analog to digital domain. With the proposed technique it is possible to carry out the conversion of the high-frequency data as well as the low-frequency control signals with only a single type of multibit sigma-delta ( Sigma Delta ) A/D converter in combination with digital signal processing. The use of Sigma Delta type A/D conversion also has other advantages such as its suitability for integration in a CMOS VLSI process and the fact that the requirements for the anti-aliasing filters in front of the converters are relaxed due to the oversampling technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phase Behavior and Conductivity of Sulfonated Block Copolymers Containing Heterocyclic Diazole-Based Ionic Liquids (2012)

We have investigated morphologies and conductivities of ionic liquids, (ILs).:incorporated poly: (styrenesulforiate-b-methylbutylene) (PSS-b-PMB) block Copolymers by varying kinds of heterocyclic diazoles in ILs. A low. molecular weight PSS-b-PMB copolymer (3.5-3.1 kg/mol with sulfonation level of 17 mol % was employed as a matrix polymer, which indicates disordered morphology at entire temperature examined. The addition of different ILs results in the emergence Of various Ordered morphologies such as lamellar, hexagonal cylinder, and gyroid structures Interestingly, it has been revealed. that ring. structures and alkyl substituents in diazoles play an important role in determining. the morphologies of ILs impregnated PSS-b-PMB copolymers, attributed to the dissimilar strength of ionic interaction Heating. the ILs doped PSS-b-PMB copolymers causes intriguing thermoreversible order order and order disorder phase transitions, which can be rationalized by Classical block Copolymer thermodynamics. From Conductivity measurements, it has been found that the enhanced conductivity could be achieved by increasing number of protic sites in heterocyclic diazoles. Upon exploring morphology effects on conductivities of ILs-containing PSS-b-TMB copolymers, with decoupled segmental motion of polymer chains and ion transport, similar morphology factor of 0.4 has determined if the morphologies are appeared to be lamellar and/or hexagonal cylinder structures. In contrast, the gyroid-forming sample revealed apparently high morphology factor in the range of 0.6 to 0.7, which is intimately related to better connectivity of ionic channels along cocontinuous PSS phases.