gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the bull fertility proteome (2013)

In the last few decades a negative association between the level of milk production and fertility has been observed. Currently, the most utilized method of measuring male fertility employed by the livestock industry is related to the Non-Return Rate (NRR). Through differential proteome analysis, this study evaluated changes in the expression of the protein profile of spermatozoa collected from 16 bulls with different levels of field fertility expressed as an estimated relative conception rate (ERCR). The main aim is to identify putative protein markers to be used as putative indices of fertility. Two dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry analysis was used for protein separation and identification. To improve differential proteome analysis among experimental groups, a part of shotgun MS analysis was also performed. Three protein spots showed a differential expression pattern among all ERCR classes. Alpha enolase was significantly down-regulated in the ERCR- group, while two other proteins, isocitrate dehydrogenase and triosephosphate isomerase, were up-regulated in ERCR- in comparison to ERCR+. Alpha-enolase and isocitrate dehydrogenase subunit alpha (IDH-alpha) have been described in the literature for having a potential role in bull fertility. The possibility of determining protein biomarkers for fertility is more useful and less expensive than ERCR for acquiring rapid estimation of fertility because it does not require the use of field insemination trials. Shotgun MS analysis conducted on the same samples revealed 7 proteins down-regulated in the ERCR- group and 1 protein up-regulated. Among these proteins, calmodulin, ATP synthase mitochondrial subunits alpha and delta, malate dehydrogenase and sperm equatorial segment protein 1 were shown to be linked with sperm fertility.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between an anionic conjugated polymer and a dye-labeled lysozyme aptamer for specific lysozyme detection (2009)

Surface charge switch of a 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) labeled lysozyme aptamer from negative to positive upon lysozyme binding triggers fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between an anionic conjugated polymer and the aptamer, which provides a convenient method for lysozyme detection in biological media with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Measurement and speciation of gas phase peroxides in the atmosphere (1993)

An improved gas phase sampler and a recently developed nonenzymatic measurement method for H 2 O 2 and HOCH 2 OOH(HMHP) are described. The gas phase sampler is equipped with a surfaceless intake to alleviate heterogeneous loss of H 2 O 2 in the sampling line. The nonenzymatic method makes use of the aqueous phase Fention reaction for H 2 O 2 measurement and is capable of speciation between H 2 O 2 and HMHP, using a dual channel technique. By adding a third channel employing the well‐established method of p ‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (POHPAA) and horseradish peroxidase for total peroxide measurement, it is possible to differentiate H 2 O 2 , HMHP, and other organic peroxides, if present. The measurement technique was successfully deployed in a field study at George L. Smith III State Park, Georgia (82°20′W, 32°30′N). Preliminary data analysis indicates that the measured total peroxides range from 0.4 to ∼6 ppbv, depending on meteorological conditions, and that organic peroxides, mostly HMHP, constitute between 20 and 80% of the total peroxides. The work reported here represents the first continuous and real‐time measurements for these peroxides in the atmosphere.
Analysis of the density and the enthalpy of poly(?-caprolactone)-polycarbonate blends: Amorphous phase compatibility and the effect of secondary crystallization (1997)

The dependency of the density of poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-polycarbonate (PCL-PC) blends on composition has been studied. PCL/PC blends are typical of miscible blends containing crystallizable components, and miscibility is therefore considered with respect to the amorphous phase. In literature, a single glass transition temperature is reported for the PCL-PC system; however, the exact dependency on amorphous phase composition is not clear. For quenched amorphous blends, we found the Fox equation to be appropriate in order to describe the glass transition temperature as a function of composition. For amorphous samples containing low amounts of PCL (≤40 wt %), an increase in the density of the blend over that of a linear average of the densities of amorphous PC and PCL was observed experimentally. This is indicative of significant interactions in the blend. For samples containing ≥ 50 wt % PCL, crystallization of PCL has to be accounted for in the analysis of the density. It is shown that the experimental density data can only be described satisfactorily by assuming that secondary crystallization of PCL does not lead to an increase of the overall blend density. This is attributed to the rigid and volume filling primary crystalline structure at room temperature, i.e., below the melting point of PCL. Excess density is present in the amorphous phase of the PCL/PC blend over the whole range of composition; therefore, specific interactions exist in the amorphous phase of the blend over the whole range of composition. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 921–927, 1997
Doxycycline as an anti‐inflammatory agent: updates in dermatology (2017)

Doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is widely used in the field of dermatology for its antibiotic properties, anti-inflammatory properties and good safety profile. Over the past decades, numerous studies have clarified some of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of doxycycline. In this review article, we aimed to provide an update on recent data on the anti-inflammatory properties of doxycycline and its potential role in cutaneous inflammatory diseases. Better understanding of these mechanisms might offer the practicing clinicians a better use of this therapeutic tool. In addition, research in this field could help clarify pathogenic aspects of inflammatory dermatologic diseases responsive to this medication. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the potential of doxycycline as an anti-inflammatory agent, and the development of new topical vehicles could open ways to new therapeutic possibilities for dermatologists.
Deep Learning in Mobile and Wireless Networking: A Survey (2018)

The rapid uptake of mobile devices and the rising popularity of mobile applications and services pose unprecedented demands on mobile and wireless networking infrastructure. Upcoming 5G systems are evolving to support exploding mobile traffic volumes, agile management of network resource to maximize user experience, and extraction of fine-grained real-time analytics. Fulfilling these tasks is challenging, as mobile environments are increasingly complex, heterogeneous, and evolving. One potential solution is to resort to advanced machine learning techniques to help managing the rise in data volumes and algorithm-driven applications. The recent success of deep learning underpins new and powerful tools that tackle problems in this space. In this paper we bridge the gap between deep learning and mobile and wireless networking research, by presenting a comprehensive survey of the crossovers between the two areas. We first briefly introduce essential background and state-of-the-art in deep learning techniques with potential applications to networking. We then discuss several techniques and platforms that facilitate the efficient deployment of deep learning onto mobile systems. Subsequently, we provide an encyclopedic review of mobile and wireless networking research based on deep learning, which we categorize by different domains. Drawing from our experience, we discuss how to tailor deep learning to mobile environments. We complete this survey by pinpointing current challenges and open future directions for research.
Musical-noise-free speech enhancement: Theory and evaluation (2012)

In this paper, we propose a new theory of nonlinear noise reduction with a perfectly musical-noise-free property, where no musical noise is generated even for a high signal-to-noise ratio. To achieve high-quality noise reduction with low musical noise, an iterative spectral subtraction method, i.e., recursively applied weak nonlinear signal processing, has been proposed. Although evaluation experiments indicated the existence of an appropriate parameter setting that gives a musical-noise-free state, no theoretical studies have been carried out. Therefore, in this paper, we theoretically derive pairs of internal parameters that satisfy the musical-noise-free condition by analysis based on higher-order statistics. It is clarified that finding a fixed point in the kurtosis of noise spectra enables the reproduction of the musical-noise-free state, and comparative experiments with commonly used noise reduction methods show the efficacy of the proposed method.
Disaster and Emergency Management System (2012)

This paper presents a Disaster and Emergency Management System which uses the mobile 4G network to provide reliable communications between the event site and the command site. The system includes a front end device and a backend management system, as well as a mobile pico base station which can be carried to and easily set up at a disaster struck area to provide the last mile link. Cases of the real applications of the systems are also provided.
Current Insights of BRAF Inhibitors in Cancer (2018)

Oncogenic BRAF kinase deregulates the ERK signaling pathway in a large number of human tumors. FDA-approved BRAF inhibitors for BRAFV600E/K tumors have provided impressive clinical responses extending survival of melanoma patients. However, these drugs display paradoxical activation in normal tissue with BRAFWT due to RAF transactivation and priming, acquired drug resistance, and limited clinical effectiveness in non-V600 BRAF-dependent tumors, underscoring the urgent need to develop improved BRAF inhibitors. This review provides an overview of recent structural and biochemical insights into the mechanisms of BRAF regulation by BRAF inhibitors that are linked to their clinical activity, clinical liabilities, and medicinal chemistry properties. The effectiveness and challenges of structurally diverse next generation RAF inhibitors currently in preclinical and clinical development are discussed, along with mechanistic insights for developing more effective RAF inhibitors targeting different oncogenic BRAF conformations.
5-Aminosalicylates to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: Interpreting conflicting systematic review evidence (2017)

5-Aminosalicylates are a class of anti-inflammatory agents that have been used for decades in inflammatory bowel disease. Whilst they are first line for induction and an option for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis, the picture in Crohn's disease is variable. For maintenance of remission, key Cochrane systematic reviews have found conflicting results between the medical and surgical induced contexts. In this piece, the possible reasons for this are considered. It is proposed that clinicians should consider 5-aminosalicylates agents an option to maintain remission post-surgery. Future primary research is needed in the medical induced remission setting which considers the length of remission on enrolment and endoscopic or histological disease scores. Additionally, secondary research to rank the various treatment options in the post-surgical setting could be achieved through the use of network meta-analysis and will guide policy makers in the future.
Unobtrusive monitoring of sleep patterns (2004)

Disrupted sleep is a common problem in the elderly, due to age-related changes in health, lifestyle, and the physiological aspects of sleep. Severe sleep disturbances lead to impaired functioning, reduced quality of life, and increased health care costs. Therefore, monitoring of sleep patterns in the elderly is important. However, current methods for monitoring sleep are inadequate. In this paper, we use load cells for unobtrusive continuous monitoring of sleep patterns. Load cells are placed under a bed, and sleep characteristics such as bedtime, wake up time, and number and duration of naps are inferred from the load cell data. Using information from each load cell individually, we can also identify a person's position in bed, and, consequently, detect position shifts. We describe the algorithms for computation of the sleep characteristics and for assessment of the person's position in bed. We conclude by discussing the limitations in our approach, and the work we intend to pursue in the future.
Reliability assessment of the 20 um pitch micro-joints within a 3DIC assembly under various environments (2010)

For the demands of multifunction, high density interconnection, high performance and integration of homogeneous or heterogeneous ICs, three dimensional IC (3DIC) packaging technologies by through silicon via (TSV) and microbump were widely studied recently. Intending to learn the reliability performance of Pb-free microjoints, 4 chips were interconnected with one Si interposer by Sn2.5Ag microbumps, sealed by a capillary underfill and then did the reliability assessment under different environments. The 4 chips have the same size of 4.6 mm by 4.6 mm by 100 um, and were assembled on one Si interposer with a dimension of 20 mm by 20 mm by 300 mm by a chip on wafer (CoW) bonder. There were more then 3000 microbumps on each chip and totally over 12,000 microbumps were on the Si interposer. The bump pitch and passivation opening of the test vehicle were 20 um and 6 um, respectively, an under bump metallization (UBM) layer of 5.0 um Cu / 3.0 um Ni was plating on Al trace and then Sn2.5Ag Pb-free solder bump with a thickness around 5.0 um was then deposited on the UBM layer. During bonding, the microjoints were formed at a peak temperature of 280°C, and the microgaps were then filled by a capillary underfill and cured at 150°C for 30 min. Subsequently, the assemblies were respectively inspected by an X-ray and a scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) to determine the quality of microjoints including bonding accuracy, formation of interconnections and the percentage of gas voids within the underfill. Afterwards, the test vehicles were baked at 125°C for 24 h and then stored under the test condition of 30°C / 60% RH for 192 h and finally reflowed at 260°C for 3 times to screen the samples for reliability tests, the SAM was again used to check whether the delamination defect was formed within the microgap. The reliability tests including temperature cycling test (TCT), thermal shock test (TST), high temperature storage test (HTS), pressure cooker test (PCT) and thermal humidity storage test (THST) were done according to the JEDEC standards. The results showed that the thermomechanical stress induced by TCT and TST damaged the assemblies, and the failure mode was also discussed in this investigation.
Why environmental scientists are becoming Bayesians (2004)

Abstract Advances in computational statistics provide a general framework for the high‐dimensional models typically needed for ecological inference and prediction. Hierarchical Bayes (HB) represents a modelling structure with capacity to exploit diverse sources of information, to accommodate influences that are unknown (or unknowable), and to draw inference on large numbers of latent variables and parameters that describe complex relationships. Here I summarize the structure of HB and provide examples for common spatiotemporal problems. The flexible framework means that parameters, variables and latent variables can represent broader classes of model elements than are treated in traditional models. Inference and prediction depend on two types of stochasticity, including (1) uncertainty , which describes our knowledge of fixed quantities, it applies to all ‘unobservables’ (latent variables and parameters), and it declines asymptotically with sample size, and (2) variability , which applies to fluctuations that are not explained by deterministic processes and does not decline asymptotically with sample size. Examples demonstrate how different sources of stochasticity impact inference and prediction and how allowance for stochastic influences can guide research.
Attenuating a sickle cell crisis with annexin V (2015)

A sickle cell crisis is a painful and dangerous condition that defies effective treatment but fortunately it usually terminates spontaneously and patients spend far more time crisis free than in its painful throes. This suggests that an unstable physiologic balance exists between steady state sickle cell disease (SCD) and the crisis state and if this is so a therapeutic nudge during a crisis may help to terminate it. Annexin V may be able to provide this push. The phosphatidylserine (PS) molecules normally appear on the surface of senescent erythrocytes where they are recognized by macrophages and rapidly removed so that normally only about 1% are present in the circulation but in SCD 30-40% are prematurely senescent and their removal is delayed. The PS+ sickle erythrocytes remaining in the circulation adhere to the endothelium and their exposed PS acts as a platform for the initiation of the coagulation cascade that is responsible for clot propagation. Annexin V's great affinity for PS allows it to bond to it forming a shield that blocks both of these actions suggesting that its therapeutic administration during a sickle crisis may be able to hasten its termination.
Stable and shallow PdIn ohmic contacts to <i>n</i>-GaAs (1990)

A thermally stable, low-resistance PdIn ohmic contact to n-GaAs has been developed based on the solid phase regrowth mechanism [T. Sands, E. D. Marshall, and L. C. Wang, J. Mater. Res. 3, 914 (1988)]. Rapid thermal annealing of a Pd-In/Pd metallization induces a two-stage reaction resulting in the formation of a uniform single-phase film of PdIn, an intermetallic with a melting point greater than 1200 °C. A thin (∼5 nm) layer of average composition In0.4Ga0.6 As uniformly covers the interface between the PdIn layer and the GaAs substrate. Specific contact resistivities and contact resistances of ∼1×10−6 Ω cm2 and 0.14 Ω mm, respectively, were obtained for samples annealed at temperatures in the 600–650 °C range. The addition of a thin layer of Ge (2 nm) to the first Pd layer extends the optimum annealing temperature window down to 500 °C. Specific contact resistivities remained in the low 10−6 Ω cm2 range after subsequent annealing at 400 °C for over two days.
The Oxygen Heterocyclic Compounds of Citrus Peel Oils (1989)

ABSTRACT The occurrence of oxygen heterocyclic compounds in the peel oils from different Citrus species has been investigated by high performance liquid chromatography. The use of a photodiode array detector has facilitated the identification and quantification of the individual coumarins, psoralens and polymethoxyflavones present. Certain oxygen heterocyclic compounds are unique to a particular species, but the majority occur widely in the peel oils. Nevertheless, the patterns of occurrence are sufficiently diverse to permit the detection of peel oil from one species in that from another. 7-Methoxycoumarin (herniarin) has been identified as a natural component of both Persian and Key lime oil. The presence of herniarin in commercial samples of lemon oil now is attributed to the addition of lime oil to these oils. Other compounds identified in the present study and reported for the first time as components of citrus peel oils include isomeranzin (bitter orange and grapefruit), 8-(2′,3′-epoxyisopentyloxy)psoralen and 8-methoxy-5-(2′, 3′ -epoxyisopentyloxy)psoralen (lime).
A simplified method for single-cell RT-PCR that can detect and distinguish genomic DNA and mRNA transcripts (1994)

Journal Article A simplified method for single-cell RT-PCR that can detect and distinguish genomic DNA and mRNA transcripts Get access Jiefei Tong, Jiefei Tong Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Said Bendahhou, Said Bendahhou Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hui Chen, Hui Chen Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William S. Agnew William S. Agnew * Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD 21205, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 22, Issue 15, 11 August 1994, Pages 3253–3254, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.15.3253 Published: 11 August 1994 Article history Received: 04 May 1994 Revision received: 07 July 1994 Accepted: 07 July 1994 Published: 11 August 1994
Synthese und Charakterisierung neuartiger Übergangsmetallchelate von 1,1‐Dialkyl‐3‐benzoyl‐thioharnstoffen (1975)

Abstract Die 1,1‐Dialkyl‐3‐benzoyl‐thioharnstoffe 1 erweisen sich als ausgezeichnete Chelatbildner mit Übergangsmetallionen. Die Chelate mit Nickel(II), Kupfer(II), Kobalt(III) und Palladium (II) werden charakterisiert. Für den Kupfer(II)‐Komplex von 1,1‐Diäthyl‐3‐benzoylthioharnstoff 2d wird ESR‐spektroskopisch eine CuO 2 S 2 ‐Koordination mit rhombischer Symmetrie bewiesen. Die Chelatkomplexe von 1 mit Nickel(II) und Kobalt(III) verhalten sich magnetisch anormal. Die Nickel(II)‐chelate bilden magnetisch normale hellgrüne Bispyridinaddukte 4 . In einigen Fällen wurden kristalline Addukte mit einem Mol Chloroform pro Mol Komplex isoliert.
Factors affecting household food security in rural northern hinterland of Pakistan (2017)

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that affect rural household food security in northern area of Pakistan. The random sampling technique was applied to collected data from 294 rural households through a face to face interview. A binary logistic regression technique was used to determine the factors that influence household food insecurity. The results of our study revealed that age, gender, education, remittances, unemployment, inflation, assets, and disease are important factors determining household food insecurity. Moreover, gender played a dominant role in food insecurity as female headed household were food insecure while male headed household were food secure. The policies should be set to promote education, more focus on female headed household and encourage the inflow of remittances.