gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile and Stabile Linkages through Tyrosine: Bioconjugation Strategies with the Tyrosine-Click Reaction (2013)

The scope, chemoselectivity, and utility of the click-like tyrosine labeling reaction with 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5(4H)-diones (PTADs) is reported. To study the utility and chemoselectivity of PTAD derivatives in peptide and protein chemistry, we synthesized PTAD derivatives possessing azide, alkyne, and ketone groups and studied their reactions with amino acid derivatives and peptides of increasing complexity. With proteins we studied the compatibility of the tyrosine click reaction with cysteine and lysine-targeted labeling approaches and demonstrate that chemoselective trifunctionalization of proteins is readily achieved. In particular cases, we noted that PTAD decomposition resulted in formation of a putative isocyanate byproduct that was promiscuous in labeling. This side reaction product, however, was readily scavenged by the addition of a small amount of 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol (Tris) to the reaction medium. To study the potential of the tyrosine click reaction to introduce poly(ethylene glycol) chains onto proteins (PEGylation), we demonstrate that this novel reagent provides for the selective PEGylation of chymotrypsinogen, whereas traditional succinimide-based PEGylation targeting lysine residues provided a more diverse range of PEGylated products. Finally, we applied the tyrosine click reaction to create a novel antibody-drug conjugate. For this purpose, we synthesized a PTAD derivative linked to the HIV entry inhibitor aplaviroc. Labeling of the antibody trastuzumab with this reagent provided a labeled antibody conjugate that demonstrated potent HIV-1 neutralization activity demonstrating the potential of this reaction in creating protein conjugates with small molecules. The tyrosine click linkage demonstrated stability to extremes of pH, temperature, and exposure to human blood plasma indicating that this linkage is significantly more robust than maleimide-type linkages that are commonly employed in bioconjugations. These studies support the broad utility of this reaction in the chemoselective modification of small molecules, peptides, and proteins under mild aqueous conditions over a broad pH range using a wide variety of biologically acceptable buffers such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol (Tris) buffers as well as others and mixed buffered compositions.
Highly efficient three-level blazed grating in the resonance domain (2010)

We designed, fabricated, and characterized three-level transmission gratings in the resonance domain with reduced shadowing losses based on a three-wave interference mechanism. A new technological approach allows for fabrication of homogeneous and large area multilevel gratings without spurious artifacts. To our knowledge, the measured efficiency of 86% exhibits the largest value yet reported for a multilevel transmission grating in the resonance domain close to normal incidence.
Use of a Hybrid Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Transposon System to Deliver the Insulin Gene to Diabetic NOD Mice (2020)

Previously, we used a lentiviral vector to deliver furin-cleavable human insulin (<i>INS-FUR</i>) to the livers in several animal models of diabetes using intervallic infusion in full flow occlusion (FFO), with resultant reversal of diabetes, restoration of glucose tolerance and pancreatic transdifferentiation (PT), due to the expression of beta (β)-cell transcription factors (β-TFs). The present study aimed to determine whether we could similarly reverse diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse using an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) to deliver <i>INS</i>-<i>FUR</i> ± the β-TF <i>Pdx1</i> to the livers of diabetic mice. The traditional AAV8, which provides episomal expression, and the hybrid AAV8/<i>piggyBac</i> that results in transgene integration were used. Diabetic mice that received AAV8-<i>INS-FUR</i> became hypoglycaemic with abnormal intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTTs). Expression of β-TFs was not detected in the livers. Reversal of diabetes was not achieved in mice that received AAV8-<i>INS</i>-FUR and AAV8-<i>Pdx1</i> and IPGTTs were abnormal. Normoglycaemia and glucose tolerance were achieved in mice that received AAV8/<i>piggyBac</i>-<i>INS-FUR</i>/FFO. Definitive evidence of PT was not observed. This is the first in vivo study using the hybrid AAV8/<i>piggyBac</i> system to treat Type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, further development is required before the system can be used for gene therapy of T1D.
[The hardening of cutting blades of dental cutters by laser treatment]. (1988)

Laser treatment of dental cutter, made of carbon steel, permits to reach a 3-fold increase in the time of their serviceability.
Comparison of the efficacy of three commercial feline leukemia virus vaccines in a natural challenge exposure (1991)

Forty-seven kittens were exposed for 31 weeks to 12 FeLV-positive carrier cats. The carrier cats were infected with 2 laboratory strains of FeLV and at least 2 strains of street virus. Eleven nonvaccinated control kittens and 12 vaccinated kittens were allotted to 3 groups. After 31 weeks of exposure, the following kittens were persistently blood FeLV positive by ELISA and immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) testing: 7 of the 11 control kittens, 0 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine A, 5 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine B, and 6 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine C. Only the kittens inoculated with vaccine A were significantly (P less than 0.05) different from the control group. After 23 weeks of exposure, culture was done to identify FeLV in the bone marrow of the kittens. Feline leukemia virus was isolated from the bone marrow of 9 of 11 control kittens. Virus was isolated from the bone marrow of 5 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine A, 11 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine B, and 10 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine C. Of the 17 cats that had FeLV isolated only from culture of bone marrow (negative results of blood virus isolation, ELISA, and IFA testing), 13 eliminated the virus from the bone marrow by week 31 of exposure. After 31 weeks of exposure, FeLV was isolated from the bone marrow of 8 of 11 control kittens, 0 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine A, 7 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine B, and 7 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine C.
Analysis of DSRC Service Over-Reach inside an Arched Tunnel (2007)

In this paper, the prediction of received power in the out-of-zone of a dedicated short range communications (DSRC) system operating inside a typical arched highway tunnel is discussed. By conducting wideband directional channel sounding inside the tunnel, the gain, angle-of-arrival and delay of each propagation path are estimated by means of a multidimensional maximum likelihood estimation algorithm from the measured data. Using these estimated parameters and by employing simulations of application antennas according to the DSRC standard, the received power in the out-of-zone is predicted for 2 roadside unit (RSU) antenna positions. The dominant scatterers causing the over-reach of radiated power to the out-of- zone were identified and attributed to the ground and sidewalk. These scatterers can affect the received power level in the out- of-zone by as much as 10 dB. It can therefore be concluded that suppressing ground and sidewalk scatterings in the vicinity of RSU by installing composite pavement materials are needed to increase the electromagnetic absorption in order to guarantee DSRC services.
Architectures for Joint Compensation of RoF and PA with Nonideal Feedback (2010)

A high capacity wireless communication system requires careful design to minimize interference and distortion effects. This paper considers the adaptive predistortion of the nonlinear distortions induced by a Radio over Fiber (RoF) link and power amplifier (PA) connected in series. In particular, we study the architectures for the joint compensation of the nonlinearities in the presence of nonideal feedback. From the adaptive algorithm point of view, we study different combinations of algorithms for the predistortion. Our simulation results indicate that combined use of least mean squares (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS) gives the best trade-off between complexity and performance. In addition, we show that the use of nonideal feedback causes a collapse in the performance of the predistortion. However, when using a compensated RoF link for feedback, the degradation of the adjacent channel power is very small compared to the case of the ideal feedback.
Lubrication by Transferred Films of Solid Lubricants (1965)

Experiments are described to determine the lubricating ability of various solid films, particularly graphite and molybdenum disulfide, transferred from a compact to a steel surface. The amount of lubricant transferred depends markedly on the surface finish of the steel, and the most effective films are formed on relatively rough surfaces. In these conditions, bonding between the film and its substrate appears to be primarily mechanical. Determinations of the scuffing load and endurance tests show that replenishment of the lubricant film by continuous transfer to compensate for wear is only possible to a limited extent. With molybdenum disulfide, the film ultimately wears away, but with graphite, failure occurs when the mean surface temperature exceeds about 100 C. The load-carrying capacity of transferred films of molybdenum disulfide is appreciably greater than that of graphite films.
Dynamic Resource Allocation for Spot Markets in Cloud Computing Environments (2011)

The advent of cloud computing promises to provide computational resources to customers like public utilities such as water and electricity. To deal with dynamically fluctuating resource demands, market-driven resource allocation has been proposed and recently implemented by public Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) providers like Amazon EC2. In this environment, cloud resources are offered in distinct types of virtual machines (VMs) and the cloud provider runs an auction-based market for each VM type with the goal of achieving maximum revenue over time. However, as demand for each type of VMs can fluctuate over time, it is necessary to adjust the capacity allocated to each VM type to match the demand in order to maximize total revenue while minimizing the energy cost. In this paper, we consider the case of a single cloud provider and address the question how to best match customer demand in terms of both supply and price in order to maximize the providers revenue and customer satisfactions while minimizing energy cost. In particular, we model this problem as a constrained discrete-time optimal control problem and use Model Predictive Control (MPC) to find its solution. Simulation studies using real cloud workloads indicate that under dynamic workload conditions, our proposed solution achieves higher net income than static allocation strategies and minimizes the average request waiting time.
Decrease in oxidative phosphorylation yield in presence of butyrate in perfused liver isolated from fed rats (2007)

Butyrate or octanoate decrease rather than increase the rate of ATP synthesis, resulting in a decrease in the apparent ATP/O ratio. Butyrate as a nutrient has the same effect as longer chain FA. An effect on the hepatic metabolism should be taken into account when large quantities of SCFA are directly used or obtained during therapeutic or nutritional strategies.
Using fuzzy logic in dynamic inversion flight controller with considering uncertainties (2013)

In this paper a fuzzy logic control (FLC) law for a nonlinear control method is introduced. Dynamic inversion is a nonlinear control synthesis technique in which the inherent dynamics of a dynamical system are canceled out and replaced by desired dynamics, selected by the designer. The output of such an inner-loop controller is the control input, which produces the desired closed-loop response. The accuracy of control response in dynamic inversion method is depend on two gain which are locate before the outer loop and inner loop. This paper attempts to find a solution to tune these gains for a better control performance. We used fuzzy logic control for proposed design. In this method by using fuzzy rules, the outer loop gain of dynamic inversion method is tuned for obtaining a better performance in controlling nonlinear model of aircraft. The performance of the introduced control law is compared with classical dynamic inversion. The simulation results show that introduced method performs better than classical dynamic inversion. Moreover, the simulations show that the fuzzy dynamic inversion method that we proposed is robust on uncertainties of model parameters such as mass.
Impact of NBTI Induced Statistical Variation to SRAM Cell Stability (2006)

This work investigates the impact of Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) on the SRAM cell stability. As proposed by C. Wang et al. [1], the stability of an SRAM cell can be determined by the peak current (ICRIT) of the "N Curve". In our experiments a typical NBTI stress was applied to one of the two pull up transistors part of an SRAM cell designed by using an advanced submicron CMOS technology. Both the mean and variance of the pMOSFET threshold voltage shift in saturation (ΔVtSAT) and the corresponding values of the ICRIT shifts (ΔICRIT) were measured. An experimental correlation between the means and the variances of both parameters shifts was established and found consistent with the predicted simulated values in the case of ICRIT is degrading by only NBTI aging of the one or both pull up transistors. These results allow us to observe the direct impact of the NBTI shift of a pMOSFET transistor in a SRAM cell and the corresponding reduction to the Static Noise Margin. In addition we propose, for the first time, a methodology to define a pMOSFET device NBTI target directly related to the SRAM cell stability and its dependence on SRAM design and the adopted CMOS technology. It is found that a more appropriate SRAM stability sensitive pMOSFET NBTI VtSAT target cannot be limited to the VtSAT mean shift, but needs as well a quantification of the allowed variance and initial SRAM ICRIT distribution.
Type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan expression induction in primary human chondrocyte by TGF-β1 (2015)

This study suggests that the mixture (TG-C) of allogeneic human chondrocytes (hChonJ) and irradiated genetically modified human chondrocytes expressing TGF-β1 (hChonJb#7) attach to the damaged cartilage area to produce type II collagen-GAG matrices by providing a continuous supply of active TGF-β1.
Third Millennium Challenge: Hepatitis C (1999)

CHICAGO—With as many as 4 million people in the United States and 200 million people worldwide estimated to harbor the hepatitis C virus (HCV), chronic HCV infection poses a serious threat to public health in the next century. Hepatitis C virus has a high chronicity rate and can persist for years in the body, slowly destroying the liver. But because infected individuals are typically asymptomatic for years—and even decades—after becoming infected, many are unaware they have contracted the virus. As time passes, however, the disease will be diagnosed in more people who were infected in the 1970s and 1980s, many of whom will have sustained irreparable liver damage. Hepatitis C, a common infection that can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, is the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States. The natural history of the disease is not well understood, and it is unclear whether all who are infected will develop progressive disease. Nevertheless, as the number of patients with HCV-associated liver disease grows, it is essential that researchers improve the ability to treat the infection. Numerous obstacles complicate the study of this enigmatic virus. But in spite of difficulties, progress is being made in unraveling its genetics and molecular biology, improving methods of prognostication, and developing better treatment options.
The field of a magnetic dipole in the presence of a conducting sphere (1953)

Abstract Formulas are derived for the components of the distorted field of a magnetic dipole in the presence of a conducting sphere in a homogeneous medium. In the method employed the field is resolved into two partial fields for the first of which the radial component of the magnetic vector vanishes and for the second of which the radial component of the electric vector vanishes. From the general formulas approximate formulas are derived for the field components in the special case in which the conductivity of the medium is low, the radius of the sphere is not too large and both the dipole and the observer are in the vicinity of the sphere. These approximate formulas are within limits applicable to the problem of locating a spherical body of ore buried in a mass of rock.
Dynamic scheduling I: simulation-based scheduling for dynamic discrete manufacturing (2003)

A simulation-based real-time scheduling mechanism for dynamic discrete manufacturing is presented in this paper. Modified mean flow time performance for different scheduling approaches is compared through off-line simulation experiments, under dynamic manufacturing environments that are subjects to disturbances such as machine breakdowns. These experimental results are used as reference indices for the real-time scheduling mechanism to select the better scheduling approaches for further evaluation based on the actual manufacturing conditions. Discrete-event simulation is used on-line to evaluate the selected approaches and the corresponding schedules to determine the best solution. The selected schedule is used until the deviation of actual performance from the estimated one exceeds a given limit, or when a major event occurs. A new simulation is then performed with the remaining operations to select a new schedule.
Differential effects of severe vs mild <i>GBA</i> mutations on Parkinson disease (2015)

These data demonstrate that mild and severe heterozygous GBA mutations differentially affect the risk and the AAO of PD. Our results have important implications for genetic counseling and clinical follow-up.
Biosensing by luminogens with aggregation-induced emission characteristics (2014)

Fluorescent biosensors are powerful analytical tools for studying biological events in living systems. Luminescent materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attributes have attracted much research interest and have been identified as a novel class of luminogens to develop fluorescent turn-on biosensors with superior sensitivity. In this Tutorial Review, we present an overview of the AIE phenomenon and its mechanism. We summarize the structural design and working principle of AIE biosensors developed recently. Typical examples of AIE biosensors are presented.
A Mathematical Contest (1927)

The mathematical contest described in this article was originally devised for the entertainment of the Twin City Mathematics Club by the joint efforts of Mr. Myron F. Leslie and the writer, both of whom were then teaching in North High School, Minneapolis, Minn. The Twin City Mathematics Club, a joyous and enthusiastic organization under the leadership of Professor W. D. Reeve, had the custom of devoting its June meeting to an evening of pure fun. At one of these meetings, this contest provided so delightful a bit of entertainment that it is offered here in the hope that it may prove equally interesting to other informal gatherings of teachers and to high school and college mathematics clubs.
A Novel Subunit Structure of Clostridium botulinum Serotype D Toxin Complex with Three Extended Arms (2007)

The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins known in nature, causing the lethal disease known as botulism in humans and animals. The BoNTs act by inhibiting neurotransmitter release from cholinergic synapses. Clostridium botulinum strains produce large BoNTs toxin complexes, which include auxiliary non-toxic proteins that appear not only to protect BoNTs from the hostile environment of the digestive tract but also to assist BoNT translocation across the intestinal mucosal layer. In this study, we visualize for the first time a series of botulinum serotype D toxin complexes using negative stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The complexes consist of the 150-kDa BoNT, 130-kDa non-toxic non-hemagglutinin (NTNHA), and three kinds of hemagglutinin (HA) subcomponents: 70-kDa HA-70, 33-kDa HA-33, and 17-kDa HA-17. These components assemble sequentially to form the complex. A novel TEM image of the mature L-TC revealed an ellipsoidal-shaped structure with "three arms" attached. The "body" section was comprised of a single BoNT, a single NTNHA and three HA-70 molecules. The arm section consisted of a complex of HA-33 and HA-17 molecules. We determined the x-ray crystal structure of the complex formed by two HA-33 plus one HA-17. On the basis of the TEM image and biochemical results, we propose a novel 14-mer subunit model for the botulinum toxin complex. This unique model suggests how non-toxic components make up a "delivery vehicle" for BoNT.
High-performance XML Storage/Retrieval System (2000)

This paper describes a system that integrates full-text searching and database technologies for storing XML (eXtensible Markup Language) documents and retrieving information from them while providing a uniform interface. Our main goal with this system is to achieve high-performance, because there will be a large amount of XML documents in the near future if XML becomes a standard for structured documents and data exchange. We have therefore developed techniques for achieving highperformance storage and retrieval of XML documents. For full-text searches, we improved the Structure Index + Text Index model, which references both indexes alternately at retrieval. In our improved method, a hierarchical structure query is converted into a flat structure query by referencing just the structure index, then the optimized query can be quickly processed using only the text index. For storage, we developed an offset space, which is an address space in secondary memory that can compactly store any structure, for example, a tree. We use the offset space to solve the problem that occurs in other methods which store the analyzed result of XML documents as multiple relations in an RDB. In our method, the analyzed result can be stored in a single page in the best case. This makes it superior to other methods which store the analysis results in multiple relations so that storage of N relations needs at least N pages. As a result, generally, our method greatly reduces I/O costs.
NMR probeheads for in vivo applications (2000)

The NMR probehead is a key element of the receiving chain of an NMR spectrometer. To optimize the signal-to-noise ratio the probehead must be adapted for the specific application. This article describes the basic physics and characteristics of NMR probeheads for in vivo applications in small animals and plants as well as quality control procedures on the workbench and in the NMR spectrometer. Various probeheads including volume coils, surface coils, double tuned coils, and microscopy coils are presented and illustrated by results of specific in vivo applications. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 12: 361–388, 2000