gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel Bis(dithiocarbamate) Derivatives of Glycerol (1996)

Three bis(dithiocarbamate) derivatives of glycerol were obtained in 30−95% yields by reaction of a dithiocarbamic acid salt with 1,3-dichloro-1,3-dideoxyglycerol. The in vitro antifungal activity of the new compounds was evaluated against Alternaria brassicae, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Septoria nodorum, and Phytophtora cinnamomi. Some of the compounds displayed greater activity than commercial fungicides. Bis(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamoyl)-1,3-dideoxyglycerol (4) was found to maintain its pesticidal activity up to 24 days in open field tests against A. brassicae. Keywords: Fungicides; bis(1,3-dithiocarbamoyl)-1,3-dideoxyglycerol; in vitro antifungal activity; in vivo antifungal activity; open field test
Partial purification and characterization of the bacteriocin produced by <i>Propionibacterium jensenii </i>B1264 (1999)

Thirteen dairy propionibacteria were screened for catalase-insensitive, protease-sensitive inhibition of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Production of bacteriocin-like agents was identified in 8 ofthese cultures. The bacteriocin produced by Propionibacteriumjensenii B 1264 inhibited closely related propionibacteria and lactic acid bacteria and was bactericidal to Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis ATCC 4797. It was produced in sodium lactate broth cultures during stationary phase; maximum activity was detected after 10 d of growth but only after IO-fold concentration of culture supematants. The bacteriocin was precipated by ammonium sulphate at 70 % saturation. The ammonium sulphate-concentrated, dialyzed bacteriocin was stable to 0.1-1.0 rnol-Lr' NaCI, 0.1-2.0 % SOS, 4 mol-L:' urea, 100 "C (60 min), pH 2-10 and organic sol vents (methanol, ethanol and isopropanol at 0-50 %). Batch anion exchange chromatography (pH 6.5) of the bacteriocin yielded 101 % activity and 15-fold increased purity. Flat bed analytical isoelectric focussing showed that the isoelectric point was between pH 3 and 3.5. SOS-PAGE yielded an estimated molecular mass between 6 and 9 kOa. The evidence suggests that this anionic bacteriocin is unique. Inra/Eisevier, Paris.
Statistical language modeling combining N-gram and context-free grammars (1993)

Linguistic structure in the form of a partial-coverage phrase structure grammar is combined with statistical N-gram techniques. The result is a robust statistical grammar which explicitly incorporates linguistic and semantic structure. This approach makes it possible to model carefully those parts of the input that are important for an application and to use robust techniques that provide a full-coverage statistical language model. This approach is being applied to the recognition of air-traffic-control transmissions, and it has already been shown that a simpler hybrid approach is useful.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct Arylation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons through Palladium Catalysis (2011)

We have discovered that the combination of Pd(OAc)(2)/o-chloranil can catalyze the direct C-H bond arylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with arylboroxins that occurs selectively at the K-region. The sequential integration of Pd-catalyzed direct arylation of PAHs and FeCl(3)-mediated cyclodehydrogenation is effective in rapidly extending a parent PAH π-system with high directionality.
Investigating mid-air pointing interaction for projector phones (2012)

Projector phones, mobile phones with built-in projectors, might significantly change the way we are going to use and interact with mobile phones. The potential of combining the mobile and the projected display and further the potential of the mid-air space between them have yet to be explored. In this paper we assess these potentials by reporting two user studies: First, an experimental comparison of four techniques for target selection on the projection, including interaction on the touchscreen of the projector phone as well as performing pointing gestures in mid-air around the phone. Our results indicate that interacting behind the phone yields the highest performance, albeit showing a twice as high error rate. Second, a follow-up experiment where we analyzed the performance of the two best tech-niques of the first study within realistic mobile application scenarios such as browsing and gaming. The results show that mobile applications benefit from the projection, e.g., by overcoming the fat-finger problem on touchscreens and increasing the visibility of small objects. Our findings speak for the integration of a tracking camera at the bottom of the projector phone to enable mid-air pointing interaction.
Degradation Mechanisms and Reactions in Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2015)

S.8449-8503
Composite effects of gene determinants on the translation speed and density of ribosomes (2011)

The reported results support the conjecture that translation elongation speed is affected by the three coding sequence determinants mentioned above, and not only by adaptation to the tRNA pool; thus, evolution shapes all these determinants along the coding sequences and across genes to improve the organism's translation efficiency.
Measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen (2011)

The ASACUSA collaboration at the Antiproton Decelerator of CERN is planning to measure the ground-state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen using an atomic beam line, consisting of a cusp trap as a source of partially polarized antihydrogen atoms, a radiofrequency spin-flip cavity, a superconducting sextupole magnet as spin analyser, and an antihydrogen detector. This will be a measurement of the antiproton magnetic moment, and also a test of the CPT invariance. Monte Carlo simulations predict that the antihydrogen ground-state hyperfine splitting can be determined with a relative precision of ~10−7. The first preliminary measurements of the hyperfine transitions will start in 2011.
BagMinHash - Minwise Hashing Algorithm for Weighted Sets (2018)

Minwise hashing has become a standard tool to calculate signatures which allow direct estimation of Jaccard similarities. While very efficient algorithms already exist for the unweighted case, the calculation of signatures for weighted sets is still a time consuming task. BagMinHash is a new algorithm that can be orders of magnitude faster than current state of the art without any particular restrictions or assumptions on weights or data dimensionality. Applied to the special case of unweighted sets, it represents the first efficient algorithm producing independent signature components. A series of tests finally verifies the new algorithm and also reveals limitations of other approaches published in the recent past.
Antipeptide Antibody Responses following Intranasal Immunization: Effectiveness of Mucosal Adjuvants (2000)

Toxicity is a major factor limiting the development and use of potent adjuvants for human mucosally delivered vaccines. Novel adjuvant formulations have recently become available, and in the present study two have been used for intranasal immunization with a synthetic peptide immunogen (MAP-M2). This peptide represents a multiple antigenic peptide containing multiple copies of a mimotope M2, a peptide mimic of a conformational epitope of the fusion protein of measles virus. MAP-M2 was administered intranasally to experimental animals together with synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs with or without a mutant of wild-type enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LTR72). The combination of the mutant toxin LTR72 and the CpG repeats, codelivered with a peptide immunogen, induced both local and systemic peptide- and pathogen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses comparable to those obtained after intranasal immunization with the wild-type toxin LT. In addition, this combination of adjuvants induced a predominantly immunoglobulin G2a antibody response. If both the LTR72 and CpG adjuvants are shown to be safe for use in humans, this particular combination would appear to have potential as an adjuvant for mucosally delivered vaccines in humans.
Marked reduction of free radical generation and contractile dysfunction by antioxidant therapy begun at the time of reperfusion. Evidence that myocardial "stunning" is a manifestation of reperfusion injury. (1989)

Recent evidence suggests that postischemic myocardial dysfunction ("stunning") may be mediated by oxygen free radicals, but the exact time window during which the critical radical-mediated damage develops remains unknown. Furthermore, the evidence for the oxyradical hypothesis is indirect and, therefore, inconclusive. Thus, the potent and cell-permeable antioxidant N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG) was administered as an intra-coronary infusion (8 mg/kg/hr) to three groups of open-chest dogs undergoing a 15-minute coronary occlusion followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. In group I (n = 8), the infusion of MPG was started 15 minutes before occlusion and ended 2 hours after reperfusion; in group II (n = 9), MPG was started 1 minute before reperfusion and ended 2 hours thereafter; in group III (n = 10), MPG was started 1 minute after reperfusion and ended 2 hours and 15 minutes thereafter. Control dogs (group IV) (n = 10) received vehicle. Recovery of contractile function (assessed as systolic wall thickening) was equivalent in groups I and II, and in both groups it was substantially greater than in controls (p less than 0.005 at 4 hours). In contrast, in group III recovery of function was indistinguishable from controls. To determine whether the protection afforded by MPG was due to inhibition of free radical reactions, myocardial production of free radicals was directly assessed by intracoronary infusion of the spin trap alpha-phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN). In control dogs (group VII, n = 6), radical adducts of PBN were released in the coronary venous blood after reperfusion, with a burst occurring in the first 5 minutes. MPG given as in group II (group V, n = 5) markedly suppressed myocardial production of PBN adducts (delta = -98% over 3 hours, p less than 0.01 vs. controls); this effect was evident immediately after reperfusion. MPG given as in group III (group VI, n = 5) also suppressed PBN adduct production (delta = -83% over 3 hours, p less than 0.025 vs. controls), but this effect was delayed. Hence, the radicals important in myocardial stunning appear to be those generated immediately after reperfusion. In vitro studies demonstrated that MPG is an exceptionally powerful scavenger of .OH (rate constant = 8.1 x 10(9) M-1 sec-1 by pulse radiolysis) but has no significant effect on .O2- (rate constant less than 10(3) M-1 sec-1), H2O2 (rate constant = 1.6 M-1 sec-1), or non-.OH-initiated lipid peroxidation, suggesting that removal of .OH is the major mechanism of the beneficial effects of MPG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The acute neurotoxicity of mefloquine may be mediated through a disruption of calcium homeostasis and ER function in vitro. (2003)

Mefloquine was found to disrupt neuronal calcium homeostasis and induce an ER stress response at physiologically relevant concentrations, effects that may contribute, at least in part, to the neurotoxicity of the drug in vitro.
SpeedBalance: Speed-scaling-aware optimal load balancing for green cellular networks (2012)

This paper considers a component-level deceleration technique in BS operation, called speed-scaling, that is more conservative than entirely shutting down BSs, yet can conserve dynamic power effectively during periods of low load while ensuring full coverage at all times. By formulating a total cost minimization that allows for a flexible tradeoff between delay and energy, we first study how to adaptively vary the processing speed based on incoming load. We then investigate how this speed-scaling affects the design of network protocol, specifically, with respect to user association. Based on our investigation, we propose and analyze a distributed algorithm, called SpeedBalance, that can yield significant energy savings.
Analysis of CSA-Binding Parasites and Antiadhesion Antibodies (2003)

Unlike other malaria parasites of man, Plasmodium falciparum parasites are able to sequester in postcapillary venules (1). This allows mature forms of the parasite to avoid circulating through the spleen, where they could be destroyed. Parasites sequester by adhering to receptors on the endothelial surface; endothelial receptors that support parasite binding in vitro include CD36, thrombospondin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, ELAM-1, CSA, PECAM-1, the integrin αvβ3, and P-selectin (2-9). Electron-dense protrusions, called knobs, appear on the surface of infected red blood cells (IRBCs) and act as points of contact with the endothelium (10-11). Variant and invariant antigens expressed by the parasite on the surface of IRBCs have been identified as binding ligands (12-14).
Stacking of predictors for the automatic classification of disruption types to optimize the control logic (2020)

Abstract Nowadays, disruption predictors, based on machine learning techniques, can perform well but they typically do not provide any information about the type of disruption and cannot predict the time remaining before the current quench. On the other hand, the automatic identification of the disruption type is a crucial aspect required to optimize the remedial actions and a prerequisite to forecasting the time left for intervening. In this work, a stack of machine learning tools is applied to the task of automatic classification of the disruption types. The strategy is implemented from scratch and completely adaptive; the predictors start operating after the first disruption and update their own models, following the evolution of the experimental program, without any human intervention. Moreover, they are designed to implement a form of transfer learning, in the sense that they identify autonomously the most important disruption classes, generating new ones when necessary. The results obtained are very encouraging in terms of both prediction performance and classification accuracy. On the other hand, regarding the narrowing of the warning times, some progress has been achieved, but new techniques will have to be devised to obtain fully satisfactory properties.
Functional Analysis of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> MprAB Two-Component SignalTransductionSystem (2003)

The mechanisms utilized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to establish, maintain, or reactivate from latent infection in the host are largely unknown but likely include genes that mediate adaptation to conditions encountered during persistence. Previously, a two-component signal transduction system, mprAB, was found to be required in M. tuberculosis for establishment and maintenance of persistent infection in a tissue- and stage-specific fashion. To begin to characterize the role of this system in M. tuberculosis physiology and virulence, a functional analysis of the mprA and mprB gene products was initiated. Here, evidence is presented demonstrating that sensor kinase MprB and response regulator MprA function as an intact signal-transducing pair in vitro and in vivo. Sensor kinase MprB can be autophosphorylated, can donate phosphate to MprA, and can act as a phospho-MprA phosphatase in vitro. Correspondingly, response regulator MprA can accept phosphate from MprB or from small phosphodonors including acetyl phosphate. Mutagenesis of residues His249 in MprB and Asp48 in MprA abolished the ability of these proteins to be phosphorylated in vitro. Introduction of these alleles into Mycobacterium bovis BCG attenuated virulence in macrophages in vivo. Together, these results support a role for the mprAB two-component system in M. tuberculosis physiology and pathogenesis. Characterization of two-component signal transduction systems will enhance our understanding of processes regulated by M. tuberculosis during acute and/or persistent infection in the host.
A hybrid stress ANS solid-shell element and its generalization for smart structure modelling. Part II?smart structure modelling (2000)

In Part I of the paper, a hybrid-stress-assumed natural strain eight-node solid-shell element immune to shear, membrane, trapezoidal, thickness and dilatational lockings has been developed. Moreover, the element computational cost is reduced by enforcing admissible sparsity in the flexibility matrix. In this part of the paper, the solid-shell element is generalized to a piezoelectric solid-shell element. Using the two solid-shell elements, smart structures with segmented piezoelectric sensors and actuators can be conveniently modelled. A number of problems are studied and comparisons with other ad hoc element models for smart structure modelling are presented. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelet analysis of DNA sequences (1996)

In this paper we use wavelet analysis in order to probe the localized structure of DNA sequences. We demonstrate that, unlike other conventional approaches, wavelets are able to decompose seemingly homogeneous regions in noncoding sequences into smaller distinct regions that obey their own repetition and construction rules. The significance of this result to gene evolution is discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
[Prokaryotic expression and purification of human GST-Cdc25C fusion protein and preliminary detection of its function]. (2012)

Cdc25C was successfully cloned and purified.
Editor's note: "The nylon rope trick" (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTEditor's note: "The nylon rope trick"Paul W. Morgan Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 1, 12Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1965Published inissue 1 January 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/ed042p12RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (398 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Asymmetric Recognition of DNA Local Distortion (2001)

Crystal structures of bacterial MutS homodimers bound to mismatched DNA reveal asymmetric interactions of the two subunits with DNA. A phenylalanine and glutamate of one subunit make mismatched base-specific interactions, and residues of both subunits contact the DNA backbone surrounding the mismatched base, but asymmetrically. A number of amino acids in MutS that contact the DNA are conserved in the eukaryotic Msh2-Msh6 heterodimer. We report here that yeast strains with amino acids substituted for residues inferred to interact with the DNA backbone or mismatched base have elevated spontaneous mutation rates consistent with defective mismatch repair. Purified Msh2-Msh6 with substitutions in the conserved Phe(337) and Glu(339) in Msh6 thought to stack or hydrogen bond, respectively, with the mismatched base do have reduced DNA binding affinity but normal ATPase activity. Moreover, wild-type Msh2-Msh6 binds with lower affinity to mismatches with thymine replaced by difluorotoluene, which lacks the ability to hydrogen bond. The results suggest that yeast Msh2-Msh6 interacts asymmetrically with the DNA through base-specific stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions and backbone contacts. The importance of these contacts decreases with increasing distance from the mismatch, implying that interactions at and near the mismatch are important for binding in a kinked DNA conformation.
Cultured rat hippocampal neural progenitors generate spontaneously active neural networks (2002)

We previously demonstrated that the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) inhibited the proliferation of cultured rat hippocampal progenitor cells and increased the number of neurons generated. We demonstrate here that the continued presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 along with N-CAM or brain-derived neurotrophic factor over 12 days of culture greatly increased the number of both progenitors and neurons. These progenitor-derived neurons expressed neurotransmitters, neurotransmitter receptors, and synaptic proteins in vitro consistent with those expressed in the mature hippocampus. Progenitor cells cultured on microelectrode plates formed elaborate neural networks that exhibited spontaneously generated action potentials after 21 days. This activity was observed only in cultures grown in the presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 and either N-CAM or brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Analysis of neuronal activity after various pharmacological treatments indicated that the networks formed functional GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. We conclude that mitogenic growth factors can synergize with N-CAM or neurotrophins to generate spontaneously active neural networks from neural progenitors.
Endorphins: Profound Behavioral Effects in Rats Suggest New Etiological Factors in Mental Illness (1976)

The endogenous morphinomimetic brain peptides Met5-enkephalin and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphins have been evaluated in rats after intracerebrospinal fluid injection. beta-Endorphin produces marked, prolonged muscular rigidity and immobility similar to a catatonic state, counteracted by the opiate antagonist naloxone; this effect occurs at molar doses 1/100 to 1/400 that at which the other peptides or morphine block the response to painful stimuli. All peptides evoked dose-related, naloxone-reversible, wet-dog shakes in rats that had not been exposed to drugs. beta-Endorphin produced hypothermia, whereas gamma-endorphin produced hyperthermia. Such potent and divergent responses to naturally occurring subtances suggest that alterations in their homeostatic regulation could have etiological significance in mental illness.
Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase SHPTP2 couples platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta to Ras. (1994)

Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase SHPTP2 (Syp/PTP-1D/PTP2C) is the homologue of the Drosophila corkscrew (csw) gene product, which transmits positive signals from receptor tyrosine kinases. Likewise, SHPTP2 has been implicated in positive signaling from platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR). Upon PDGF stimulation, SHPTP2 binds to the PDGFR and becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated. We have identified tyrosine-542 (pY542TNI) as the major in vivo site of SHPTP2 tyrosine phosphorylation. The pY542TNI sequence conforms to the consensus binding site for the SH2 domain of Grb2, which, by association with Sos1, couples some growth factor receptors to Ras. Following PDGF stimulation, Grb2 binds tyrosine-phosphorylated SHPTP2. Moreover, a mutant PDGFR lacking its SHPTP2 binding site displays markedly reduced Grb2 binding. These data indicate that phosphorylation of SHPTP2 couples Grb2 to PDGFR in vivo, providing a mechanism for Ras activation by PDGFR and for positive signaling via SHPTP2 and Csw.
Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. (1908)

v. 4 (1886)