gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New techniques in OCT (1996)

Summary form only given. Tomography deals with the generation of slice images of the internal structure of three-dimensional objects. Usually this is a two-step process consisting of data acquisition followed by image generation. Depending on the radiation used data are acquired either transmitted or reflected radiation. Presently, in optical coherence tomography (OCT) the reflected straight ray approach is used and the object is scanned by laterally displacing the incident beam across the region of interest. At each beam position depth information is obtained by low coherence interferometry (LCI). Both LCI and OCT have found important applications in medicine, at the moment mainly in ophthalmology.
American Association for Cancer Research 1997: progress and new hope in the fight against cancer (1997)

Considerable progress has been made with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. After long and sustained efforts, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors with convincing in vivo experimental antitumour properties such as CP-358,774, ZD 1839, CEP-751 are entering Phase I clinical trials. Significant in vivo experimental antitumour activity has also been described for two new families of farnesyl transferase inhibitors (SCH 59228 and PD 083176 series). Novel inhibitors of tubulin polymerisation are on the verge of entering clinical trials. These include F12458, an analogue of vinorelbine, and C52/C55 cryptophycin derivatives.
African sermons (2011)

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Internet Approach versus Lecture and Lab‐Based Approach for Teaching an Introductory Statistical Methods Course: Students’ Opinions (2009)

Summary The use of the Internet as a teaching tool continues to grow in popularity at colleges and universities. We consider, from the students’ perspective, the use of an Internet approach compared to a lecture and lab‐based approach for teaching an introductory course in statistical methods. We conducted a survey of introductory statistics students. Contradictory to what was hypothesized by the authors, they favoured keeping the lecture and lab‐based approach for teaching the class.
A logic for information flow in object-oriented programs (2006)

This paper specifies, via a Hoare-like logic, an interprocedural and flow sensitive (but termination insensitive) information flow analysis for object-oriented programs. Pointer aliasing is ubiquitous in such programs, and can potentially leak confidential information. Thus the logic employs independence assertions to describe the noninterference property that formalizes confidentiality, and employs region assertions to describe possible aliasing. Programmer assertions, in the style of JML, are also allowed, thereby permitting a more fine-grained specification of information flow policy.The logic supports local reasoning about state in the style of separation logic. Small specifications are used; they mention only the variables and addresses relevant to a command. Specifications are combined using a frame rule. An algorithm for the computation of postconditions is described: under certain assumptions, there exists a strongest postcondition which the algorithm computes.
Executing JSD specifications: the specification presentation tool (2002)

A specification presentation tool which is founded on the specification execution approach is described. The purpose of the presentation tool is to give automated assistance to the system analyst in the presentation of specifications to the user for validation. Specifically, the software alloys the user to check that the specification meets the requirements by interacting with an actual system. The software can present specifications developed by the JSD (Jackson system development) method. The approach taken was to derive executable Lisp code and default screens from ART representations of JSD specifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Transfer Deuteration of Ketimines by Use of Benzothiazoline As a Deuterium Donor: Synthesis of Optically Active Deuterated Amines (2012)

By use of 2-deuterated benzothiazoline as a deuterium donor in combination with a chiral phosphoric acid, the transfer deuteration of ketimine and α-iminoester took place smoothly to give α-deuterated amines in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The remarkable kinetic isotope effect suggests that carbon-deuterium bond cleavage is the rate-determining step.
Living with lyrebirds (2007)

In my family, ornithology meant lyrebirds. Just before I started school we moved to the market town of\nCroydon, at that time beyond the fringes of suburban Melbourne. The Dandenong Ranges were in our\nbackyard, close by — too close when the major fires of the summer of 1962 swept through, and my father\njoined the firefighters and came home, late, blackened, with his eyebrows singed. But in late autumn and\nwinter, the Dandenongs were cool, friendly and at peace.
Short-term load forecasting using multiple regression analysis (2003)

This paper demonstrates the use of multiple regression analysis to forecast short term loading levels for an electric utility. The model was developed for both the winter and summer due to the differing load profiles.
Simulation and Experimental Research into HM-1 Draft Gear of Heavy Haul Freight Cars (2010)

A virtual prototype model of HM-1 draft gear for heavy haul freight cars were established based on the ADAMS software,and the simulation analyses of the impact testing were carried out under the conditions of different impact velocities,the simulations were also compared with the experiment results,and the simulations accorded with experimental results in general.The relevant results can improve the characteristics of HM-1 draft gear for heavy haul freight cars,and it can also provide theory basis and technical references for intensive study of heavy haul freight cars and the design of the draft gear.
Roles for T and NK Cells in the Innate Immune Response to <i>Shigella flexneri</i> (2005)

Shigella flexneri, an enteroinvasive Gram-negative bacterium, is responsible for the worldwide endemic form of bacillary dysentery. The host response to primary infection is characterized by the induction of an acute inflammation, which is accompanied by polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltration, resulting in massive destruction of the colonic mucosa. However, PMN play a major role in the recovery from primary infection, by restricting the bacterial infection at the intestinal mucosa. In this study, we assessed the roles for T and NK cells in the control of primary S. flexneri infection, using an alymphoid mouse strain (Rag null gamma(c) null) devoid of B, T, and NK cells. Using the mouse pulmonary model of Shigella infection, we showed that alymphoid Rag null gamma(c) null mice were highly susceptible to S. flexneri infection in comparison with wild-type (wt) mice. Whereas PMN recruitment upon infection was similar, macrophage recruitment and production of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in Rag null gamma(c) null mice compared with wt mice. Upon selective engraftment of Rag null gamma(c) null mice with polyclonal alphabeta T cells, but not with alphabeta T cells from IFN-gamma null , S. flexneri infection could be subsequently controlled. Rag null mice devoid of B and T cells but harboring NK cells could control infection. Local IFN-gamma production by T and NK cells recruited to the lung was demonstrated in S. flexneri-infected wt mice. These data demonstrate that both alphabeta T cells and NK cells contribute to the early control of S. flexneri infection through amplification of an inflammatory response. This cellular lymphocyte redundancy assures IFN-gamma production, which is central to innate immunity against Shigella infection.
Dual Amino‐Functionalised Phosphonium Ionic Liquids for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2009)

A series of 20 dual amino-functionalised phosphonium ionic liquids, (3-aminopropyl)tributylphosphonium amino acid salts ([aP(4443)][AA], in which [AA](-) = [Ala](-), [Arg](-), [Asn](-), [Asp](-), [Cys](-), [Gln](-), [Glu](-), [Gly](-), [His](-), [Ile](-), [Leu](-), [Lys](-), [Met](-), [Phe](-), [Pro](-), [Ser](-), [Thr](-), [Trp](-), [Tyr](-) and [Val](-)), has been prepared. Their physicochemical properties, such as density, viscosity, glass transition and thermal decomposition temperatures and conductivity, have been determined. In particular, the [aP(4443)][AA] ionic liquids (ILs) have low glass transition temperatures ranging from -69.7 to -29.6 degrees C and high decomposition temperatures (all above 200 degrees C). The effects of the variation of the structure of [AA](-) on the above physicochemical properties are discussed. Furthermore, the CO(2) absorption of [aP(4443)][Gly], [aP(4443)][Ala], [aP(4443)][Val] and [aP(4443)][Leu], taken as examples, was investigated. It was found that the supported absorption of CO(2) by the [aP(4443)][AA] ILs almost reaches equilibrium within 80 min, the chemical absorption of CO(2) by the [aP(4443)][AA] ILs approaches 1 mol CO(2) per mol ionic liquid (twice that reported before) and the [aP(4443)][AA] ILs can be repeatedly recycled for CO(2) uptake.
EXCEL — Startparameter (1992)

Beim Start von EXCEL soll die automatisch erscheinende Tabelle „TABl.xls“ unterdrückt werden. Außerdem wollen Sie das voreingestellte Verzeichnis C:\EXCEL individuell zu verändern.
Suppression of T1-receptor expression by antisense RNA abrogates differentiation of osteogenic osteosarcoma cells. (1999)

Soluble and membrane-associated variants of the orphan T1-receptor, a homolog of interleukin-1 receptor type I, are expressed in proliferating preosteoblasts in differentiating bone. Recent evidence reveals that T1-receptor synthesis is retained in osteogenic osteosarcoma cells. Here we report that the suppression of T1-receptor expression by mouse osteosarcoma cells using a T1 -antisense expression vector results in the abrogation of the osteogenic potential of the tumor cells. T1-antisense-expressing tumor cells formed anaplastic tumors in vivo and failed to express the osteoblast-specific genes collagen type 1, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin when cultured in a 3-dimensional collagen type I matrix in vitro. Suppression of T1-receptor synthesis did not affect the expression of the essential bone cell-specific transcription factor AML3/CBFA1 in the osteosarcoma cells. These data provide the first evidence that T1-receptor plays a key role in osteogenic differentiation.
Geminivirus Resistance in Transgenic Tobacco Expressing Mutated BC1 Protein (1997)

Tobacco explants were transformed by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with sense and antisense constructs of the movement protein genes (BC1 and BV1) of tomato mottle geminivirus (TMoV). Transgenic plants were tested for virus resistance either by exposure to viruliferous whiteflies carrying TMoV or cabbage leaf curl geminivirus (CabLCV) for a 72-h inoculation period or by continuous exposure to TMoV during the life of the plants. The transgenic lines were scored for disease symptoms, and virus replication and distribution were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dot blot hybridizations. Transgenic plants which expressed a mutated form (identified in a previous study) of the BC1 gene showed TMoV and CabLCV resistance. Three resistant phenotypes were observed: a delay in symptom development, a recovery from early symptoms, and an absence of virus symptoms at all stages. Geminivirus was detected in inoculated leaves but was not readily detected in leaves beyond the inoculation sites in the highly resistant plants. The geminivirus resistance conferred by expression of the spontaneously mutated BC1 gene (detected after transformation) in transgenic tobacco may involve transdominant negative interference.
Multiplexed detection of nucleic acids in a combinatorial screening chip (2011)

Multiplexed diagnostic testing has the potential to dramatically improve the quality of healthcare. Simultaneous measurement of health indicators and/or disease markers reduces turnaround time and analysis cost and speeds up the decision making process for diagnosis and treatment. At present, however, most diagnostic tests only provide information on a single indicator or marker. Development of efficient diagnostic tests capable of parallel screening of infectious disease markers could significantly advance clinical and diagnostic testing in both developed and developing parts of the world. Here, we report the multiplexed detection of nucleic acids as disease markers within discrete wells of a microfluidic chip using molecular beacons and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). Using a 4 × 4 array of 200 pL wells, we screened for the presence of four target single stranded oligonucleotides encoding for conserved regions of the genomes of four common viruses: human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), human papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis A (Hep A) and Hepatitis B (Hep B). Target oligonucleotides are accurately detected and discriminated against alternative oligonucleotides with different sequences. This combinatorial chip represents a versatile platform for the development of clinical diagnostic tests for simultaneous screening, detection and monitoring of a wide range of biological markers of disease and health using minimal sample size.
Evaporation Rates from Fresh and Saline Water in Moving Air (2002)

Measurements of the water evaporation rate in still or moving air date back to the 20th century. Unfortunately, many of these studies have provided a wide variation in the measured data. Also, several of these studies did not consider the effect of water salinity on the evaporation rate. This has motivated the current study, where three methods are used for measuring the evaporation rate. These methods include changes in the water height, water weight, and air humidity. Two evaporation modes are considered: the first is for water at ambient temperature into hot air and the second for heated water into air at ambient temperature. The air and water temperatures are varied over a range of 25−60 °C. The air velocity is varied over a range of 2−4 m/s. Also, the water salinity is changed from 26 ppm for freshwater up to 69 000 ppm for rejected brine in desalination processes. The measured data are correlated as a function of the evaporation mode, the pressure difference of the water vapor at the water surface and in the air bulk, and the air velocity. Measured rates compare favorably against a number of literature correlations. Results show a decrease in the evaporation rate upon an increase of the water salinity because of the reduction in the water vapor pressure at the water surface.
Broad-coverage biomedical relation extraction with SemRep (2020)

SemRep is a broad-coverage, interpretable, strong baseline system for extracting semantic relations from biomedical text. It also underpins SemMedDB, a literature-scale knowledge graph based on semantic relations. Through SemMedDB, SemRep has had significant impact in the scientific community, supporting a variety of clinical and translational applications, including clinical decision making, medical diagnosis, drug repurposing, literature-based discovery and hypothesis generation, and contributing to improved health outcomes. In ongoing development, we are redesigning SemRep to increase its modularity and flexibility, and addressing weaknesses identified in the error analysis.
DETECTING HALO SUBSTRUCTURE IN THE GAIA ERA (2014)

The observational data expected to come from the Gaia astrometric mission represent an unrivaled opportunity to search for tidal streams using all-sky full phase-space information for nearly a billion stars in our Galaxy. In this contribution we will describe the Modified Great Circle Cell Count (mGC3) method devised for the detection of stellar streams in the galactic halo. This method is based on the GC3 method originally devised by Johnston, Hernquist, Bolte (1996), modified to include velocity information in order to enhance the contrast of stream signatures with respect to the galactic halo background. We present our results on the efficiency of mGC3, tested by embedding tidal streams from N-body simulations in a mock Gaia catalogue of the galactic background, which includes a realistic realization of the photometric and kinematic properties, errors and completeness limits. We investigate mGC3s efficiency as a function of initial satellite luminosity, star formation history and orbital parameters and find that satellites in the range 108 109 L can be recovered for streams as dynamically old as 10 Gyr and up to galactocentric distances of 40 kpc. For some combinations of dynamical ages and orbits, tidal streams with luminosities down to 4 5 × 107 L can be recovered.
A Case of Diabetic Amyotrophy Associated with 3243 Mitochondrial tRNA(leu; UUR) Mutation and Successful Therapy with Coenzyme Q10. (1995)

We report the case of 71-year-old male who was once diagnosed as having diabetic amyotrophy, because of pronounced wasting in proximal muscles, massive weight loss, and development of paresthesia in his legs. Afterwards, ragged red fibers and mitochondrial tRNA mutation at position 3243 were documented in muscle biopsy. He had diabetes mellitus associated with 3243 mitochondrial DNA mutation, suggesting that clinically, diabetic amyotrophy may be overlapped with mitochondria-related disease entities in some parts. Coenzyme Q10 administration was effective in relieving the symptoms in his legs, fatigue, and residual urine in his bladder. These were confirmed with the improvement in neurological parameters. In conclusion, this case gives important help in understanding myopathy in diabetes. It would be important to check on the 3243 mitochondrial tRNA mutation in patients with diabetic amyotrophy and/or diabetic neuropathic symptoms.
A Study on Adaptive GOP Structure for SVC (2005)

In this paper, we propose Adaptive GOP Structure to enhance the coding performance of scalable video coding in JVT. Adaptive GOP Structure considers temporal variances of video sequence. In general, SVC encodes a video sequence with fixed GOP size. The coding performance is varying according to the temporal variance of a video sequence. Thus, Adaptive GOP Structure method is proposed. It selects GOP size adaptively by considering temporal variance of video sequence. In the experiments, the propose method showed the enhanced coding performance in most sequences. The PSNR gain of Crew sequence is up to 0.63 dB.
Diarrheal disease incidence and morbidity among United States military personnel during short-term missions overseas. (1998)

Outpatient medical surveillance of U.S. troops was conducted during 11 different overseas missions between 1981 and 1990. In addition, at the end of each of 18 overseas missions during the same period, a sample of troops was queried regarding illnesses and exposures experienced in the preceding time overseas. Diarrhea was among the leading causes of morbidity during all of these short-term missions. Diarrhea incidence rates were found to be highest during summer months, and were higher during missions to Thailand (median = 25%, range = 20-29%), Latin America (median = 26%, range = 1-43%), and northeastern Africa and southwest Asia (median = 19%, range = < 1-52%). Rates were lowest in troops deployed to the Republic of South Korea (median = 16%, range = 8-27%). During April and May 1990, a focused surveillance and questionnaire study was conducted during a five-week, joint U.S.-Thai military training exercise in central Thailand. Among 2,600 U.S. personnel, diarrheal illness was found to be the most common medical problem for troops (estimated cumulative incidence = 29%). Travel outside of the base of operations and consumption of ice were found to be important risk factors. The 10-year database analyzed for this report is the largest, published summary showing the significant impact of diarrheal diseases on U.S. military forces during short-term deployments to less developed areas.
Combining analyses, combining optimizations (1995)

Modern optimizing compilers use several passes over a program's intermediate representation to generate good code. Many of these optimizations exhibit a phase-ordering problem. Getting the best code may require iterating optimizations until a fixed point is reached. Combining these phases can lead to the discovery of more facts about the program, exposing more opportunities for optimization. This article presents a framework for describing optimizations. It shows how to combine two such frameworks and how to reason about the properties of the resulting framework. The structure of the frame work provides insight into when a combination yields better results. To make the ideas more concrete, this article presents a framework for combining constant propagation, value numbering, and unreachable-code elimination. It is an open question as to what other frameworks can be combined in this way.
Measuring Ad Effectiveness Using Geo Experiments (2011)

Advertisers have a fundamental need to quantify the effectiveness of their advertising. For search ad spend, this information provides a basis for formulating strategies related to bidding, budgeting, and campaign design. One approach that Google has successfully employed to measure advertising effectiveness is geo experiments. In these experiments, non-overlapping geographic regions are randomly assigned to a control or treatment condition, and each region realizes its assigned condition through the use of geo-targeted advertising. This paper describes the application of geo experiments and demonstrates that they are conceptually simple, have a systematic and effective design process, and provide results that are easy to interpret. 1
Control of MHC class II antigen presentation in dendritic cells: a balance between creative and destructive forces (2005)

The antigen capturing and presenting abilities of dendritic cells (DCs) are developmentally regulated in a process known as maturation. During maturation, DCs increase several fold their surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules. This increase is accompanied with a dramatic change in localization of MHC II molecules, which are abundant in endosomal structures in immature DCs but located mostly on the plasma membrane in mature DCs. How these changes relate to antigen processing, generation of MHC II-peptide complexes, and trafficking of MHC II molecules, in the immature and mature states of DC development, has been a matter of debate. Here, we discuss the work carried out to characterize the biochemical and cell biological mechanisms that control MHC II antigen presentation in mouse and human DCs, and how these mechanisms relate to the function of the DC network in vivo. We conclude that the control checkpoints operate downstream of MHC II-peptide complex formation and expression on the plasma membrane, acting in accord with control of MHC II synthesis. Therefore, immature and mature DCs present antigens to T cells under steady state and inflammatory conditions. We advocate that the mechanisms regulating MHC II-peptide complex turnover should be emphasized as an important theme for future DC research.
Explanation and quantitative model for the matching behaviour of poly-silicon resistors (2002)

We investigate the matching behaviour of poly-silicon resistors. Experimental results from an analog CMOS process with three poly-silicon options are discussed and compared with a quantitative model which is developed using fit parameter-free analytical calculations and Monte-Carlo simulations. It is found that mismatch is directly proportional to the grain size. A relation is derived that allows us to optimize devices for low mismatch circuit applications.