gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time delay observer: a robust observer for nonlinear plants using time-delayed signals (2005)

Motivated by the idea of the time delay estimation used in the time delay control (TDC), an observer called the time delay observer (TDO) has been proposed. Owing to this idea, the observer turned out to be computationally quite efficient and robust to parameter variations, yet easy to design for nonlinear systems expressed in the phase variable form, even when the system dynamics is not well known. For this observer, the convergence property and the sensitivity to sensor noise has been analyzed. Then, in a simulation with a nonlinear dynamic system, and in an experiment with a two degrees of freedom robot, it was confirmed that TDO achieves a performance level similar to the sliding observer and higher than the linear observer.
BENEFICIATION OF URANIUM ORES (1961)

32p. A summary of the history and state of the art of physical beneficiation of uranium ores is presented along with a detailed description of research on concentration of uranium ores by attrition grinding. Information on flotation, gravity concentration, e1ectronic sorting, and selectmve grinding was gathered to complement the study of attritmon grinding methods. Both dry and wet grinding procedures were investigated as potential methods of upgrading a varmety of ore types, ranging in grade from 0.02 to 0.42% U/sub 3/O/sub 8/. Only sandstone-type ores proved general1y amenable to concentration by attrition grlnding. The degree of upgrading achieved was inversely related to the amount of friable gangue materials present in the sandstone ores. Wet grinding and classification methods yielded consistently better resuits than the counterpart dry procedures. (M.C.G.)
Quality assurance in proton beam therapy using a plastic scintillator and a commercially available digital camera (2017)

This approach offers an effective way to correct for quenching, and could provide a method for rapid, convenient, routine quality assurance for clinical proton beams. Furthermore, the system has the advantage of providing 2D visualization of individual radiation fields, with potential application for quality assurance of complex, time-varying fields.
Optimal Placement of Pipeline Applications on Grid (2008)

Computation and communication intensive applications such as scientific data analysis and data visualization are commonly found in grid computing environment.These applications can be divided into a sequence of pipeline stages which could be executed concurrently on different grid resources to achieve high performance. Finding the optimal placement of pipeline stages on grid is a difficult problem due to the aggregation of computation and communication cost involved. This paper proposes a solution to such problem that allows the maximum application throughput by the integration of pipeline placement and data routing. The proposed solution, on one hand, minimizes the computation bottleneck of a pipeline and, on the other hand, prevents the communication cost between successive stages from dominating the entire processing time. Our proposed solution consists of two novel methods. The first method is the single path pipeline execution that fully exploits temporal parallelism and the second method is the multipath pipeline execution which can leverage both temporal and spatial parallelism inherent in any pipeline applications. We evaluate our proposed methods using a set of experiments running in a real grid environment. When compared with the results from several traditional placement methods, our proposed methods give the highest throughput.
Electromagnetic materials of artificially controlled properties for 3D printing applications (2014)

In this paper, a polymer matrix composite method by mixing printable polymer with a number of possible nanoparticles is investigated to achieve artificially controlled effective electromagnetic properties for 3D additive manufacturing applications. The material properties are evaluated using effective medium theory. The results show that this method can achieve robust electromagnetic property control with various nanoparticle fillings.
Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids Bearing 2‐Hydroxybenzylamine Units: Synthesis and Americium‐Extraction Studies (2006)

The synthesis of two task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) bearing 2-hydroxybenzylamine entities is described. These compounds are based on an imidazolium substructure onto which one hydrobenzylamine-complexing moiety is grafted. We have demonstrated that, whether pure or diluted, TSIL is able to extract americium ions. Furthermore, recovery of americium from the IL phase into a receiving phase can be achieved under acidic conditions. A possible mechanism for the metal-ion partitioning is presented, in which the extraction system is driven by an ion-exchange mechanism.
Neuronal colocalization of mRNAs for neurotrophins and their receptors in the developing central nervous system suggests a potential for autocrine interactions. (1993)

Development and survival of neurons in the central nervous system are dependent on the activity of a variety of endogenous neurotrophic agents. Using combined isotopic and nonisotopic in situ hybridization histochemistry, we have found that subsets of neurons within the developing forebrain coexpress the mRNAs for both neurotrophins (nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin 3) and their receptors (p75NGFR, TrkA, and TrkB). The colocalization of mRNA for neurotrophin receptors and their ligands in presumptive neurotrophin target neurons suggests the potential for autocrine and paracrine mechanisms of action during development. Such mechanisms may ensure the onset of differentiation and survival of specific subsets of neurons prior to and following target innervation.
A noncontacting human tremor sensor and measurement system (1986)

A two-dimensional noncontacting displacement transducer has been developed for the primary purpose of measuring human hand tremor. No electrical or mechanical connections are required. The device consists of a square frame with each side representing a capacitor plate. A test subject's hand inserted into the center of the frame forms the moving plate of two separate differential capacitor systems (horizontal and vertical axes) used in bridge configurations with 100-kHz excitation and appropriate signal conditioning. Sensitivity is 2 V/cm over a typical dynamic range. Clinical evaluations indicate that the device is sensitive enough to quantify differences in normal tremor and provides discriminating results in patients with neurologic disorders.
Military look to flying insect robots (1998)

Reviews a presentation by Professor Robert Michelson of Georgia Institute of Technology in the USA about the growing interest in unmanned aerial vehicles, which can be used for military purposes, but also for tasks like traffic surveillance. Michelson has a particular interest in micro aerial vechiles, and he has a team at Georgia Tech Research Institute developing an insect‐like flapping wing vehicle called an “entomopter”, which is expected to fly in 1998. Michelson has also instituted a series of international aerial robotics competitions, of which the most ambitious it to be held in the millennial year. The competition will simulate search and rescue operations in a disaster situation. The rules are published and qualifying tests will begin in 1998.
Airway Luminal Diameter and Shape Measurement by Means of an Intraluminal Fiberoptic Probe (2008)

The determination of airway diameter by means of the reflection of nonionizing radiation from the luminal surface correlates closely to actual diameter as measured by a micrometer. This bench model may be used to develop a fiberoptic intraluminal probe capable of accurately profiling airway luminal diameter and shape during flexible or rigid bronchoscopy.
Nano-Strip Three-Terminal Superconducting Device for Cryogenic Detector Readout (2010)

A superconducting 3-terminal device based on NbN ultra-thin nano-strips has been realized. The device is capable of pulse discrimination and shaping and provides power gain with standard 50 Ω input and output impedance. It operates at 4.2 K and is well suited for the realization of output interfaces for superconducting digital circuits and as readout of cryogenic detectors. Successful realization of the integrated readout of a nano-strip single photon detectors is reported.
Penalized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction for lesion detection (2006)

Detecting cancerous lesions is one major application in emission tomography. In this paper, we study penalized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction for this important clinical task. Compared to analytical reconstruction methods, statistical approaches can improve the image quality by accurately modelling the photon detection process and measurement noise in imaging systems. To explore the full potential of penalized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction for lesion detection, we derived simplified theoretical expressions that allow fast evaluation of the detectability of a random lesion. The theoretical results are used to design the regularization parameters to improve lesion detectability. We conducted computer-based Monte Carlo simulations to compare the proposed penalty function, conventional penalty function, and a penalty function for isotropic point spread function. The lesion detectability is measured by a channelized Hotelling observer. The results show that the proposed penalty function outperforms the other penalty functions for lesion detection. The relative improvement is dependent on the size of the lesion. However, we found that the penalty function optimized for a 5 mm lesion still outperforms the other two penalty functions for detecting a 14 mm lesion. Therefore, it is feasible to use the penalty function designed for small lesions in image reconstruction, because detection of large lesions is relatively easy.
<i>In vivo</i> confocal microscopic characteristics of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (2004)

Although ICE syndrome is considered to be primarily an endothelial disease, in vivo confocal microscopy demonstrated structural alterations throughout the entire cornea even in clinically mild cases. The ability of in vivo confocal microscopy to localize and accurately measure various elements in different corneal layers will assist differentiation of various presentations of ICE syndrome as this technique becomes increasingly available in clinical practice.
Development of Long-circulating Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Systemic Delivery of Genes (2002)

Extended systemic circulation of vectors for gene delivery has long been a goal for cancer gene therapy. In recent years, several groups have evaluated the feasibility of gaining extended circulation of polyplex vectors by endowing them with steric stabilisation, resulting from the presence of a surface layer of hydrophilic polymer. Although this approach has been in itself mainly unsuccessful, remarkable progress has been gained when steric stabilisation has been combined with "lateral stabilisation", using a range of agents to crosslink the surface of the complexes. Lateral stabilisation has been achieved using low molecular weight crosslinking agents, and also using multivalent polymers designed for cooperative surface attachment to the polyplex. In this way plasma clearance kinetics can be substantially extended, with a half lives for clearance in excess of 90 min. In order to enable transgene expression within target cells it can be necessary for the vectors to undergo triggered activation following arrival at the target site. The most promising way to achieve this is by reductive activation of the vector within the cytoplasm or nucleus of the target cell. State of the art in this rapidly progressing field is reviewed.
Analysis of fumonisin B1 in rodent feed by gradient elution HPLC using precolumn derivatization with FMOC and fluorescence detection (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of fumonisin B1 in rodent feed by gradient elution HPLC using precolumn derivatization with FMOC and fluorescence detectionManuel. Holcomb, Harold C. Thompson, and Lacinda J. HankinsCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 5, 764–767Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00029a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00029a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Variational Inference: A Review for Statisticians (2023)

One of the core problems of modern statistics is to approximate difficult-to-compute probability densities. This problem is especially important in Bayesian statistics, which frames all inference about unknown quantities as a calculation involving the posterior density. In this article, we review variational inference (VI), a method from machine learning that approximates probability densities through optimization. VI has been used in many applications and tends to be faster than classical methods, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The idea behind VI is to first posit a family of densities and then to find a member of that family which is close to the target density. Closeness is measured by Kullback–Leibler divergence. We review the ideas behind mean-field variational inference, discuss the special case of VI applied to exponential family models, present a full example with a Bayesian mixture of Gaussians, and derive a variant that uses stochastic optimization to scale up to massive data. We discuss modern research in VI and highlight important open problems. VI is powerful, but it is not yet well understood. Our hope in writing this article is to catalyze statistical research on this class of algorithms. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Code Pulse: Software Assurance (SWA) Visual Analytics for Dynamic Analysis of Code (2014)

Abstract : This is the final report for Code Pulse, a BAA project by Secure Decisions in the software assurance space. The original intent was to enhance static application security testing by introducing execution profiles of target applications to the vulnerability analysis process. However, as the concept was introduced to evaluators via prototypes, the feedback steered the project towards implementing a real-time code coverage tool for penetration testing activities. Code Pulse is an open source tool that provides a real-time white box perspective of coverage activity for penetration testers as they conduct their testing activities. This report details the activity for this project along with describing the evolution of the concept from original vision, to end state.
Preparation and Properties of 1,3-Dioxep-5-enes (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of 1,3-Dioxep-5-enesKENT C. BRANNOCK and GERALD R. LAPPINCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 12, 1366–1368Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01118a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01118a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Beneficial effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (AZ-1) on endothelium in Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced shock (2001)

These data indicate that potent inhibition of platelet function via antiglycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor blockade can inhibit coagulation activation and protect against endothelial dysfunction and histologic injury in endotoxin-induced shock.
Regulation of cytokine production by human Th0 cells following stimulation with peptide analogues: differential expression of TGF‐β in activation and anergy (1997)

The different biological activities of T-cell-derived cytokines and their level of production influences the qualitative nature of immune responses and, in certain forms of T-cell tolerance, the lack of antigen responsiveness is associated with the production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). In this study we have investigated the effects of T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation with peptide analogues and the native peptide, in the presence and absence of costimulation, on cytokine production by human T-helper type 0 (Th0) cells reactive with influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) peptide (HA306-318) and restricted by HLA-DRB1*0101. We observed that resting Th0 cells constitutively produced TGF-beta, but when stimulated with peptide and antigen-presenting cells (APC) under conditions that induce clonal expansion, TGF-beta secretion was abrogated. Furthermore, exposure of the T cells to the wild-type HA peptide under conditions that induce T-cell anergy resulted in the secretion of TGF-beta, and subsequent antigenic rechallenge was unable to override this signal and down-regulate TGF-beta production. Stimulation with altered TCR ligands that failed to induce proliferation also resulted in marked production of TGF-beta, although in many instances the levels were less than those observed in the total absence of antigen, suggesting that partial signalling has occurred. Although in general, there was a direct positive correlation between proliferation and the production of IL-2, IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) following stimulation with certain analogues, the production of selected cytokines was dissociated.
Child Assessment of Dextromethorphan, Diphenhydramine, and Placebo for Nocturnal Cough Due to Upper Respiratory Infection (2006)

This study sought to investigate the efficacy of dextromethorphan (DM), diphenhydramine (DPH), and placebo (PL) for symptoms attributed to upper respiratory infections as determined by children, and to evaluate the concordance of perception of nocturnal symptoms between children and parents. A total of 37 children age 6 to 18 years of age were randomized in a double-masked fashion to receive a single bedtime dose of DM, DPH, or PL. Children found no significant difference in the effect of DM, DPH, or PL for any study outcome, and responses by parents and children were significantly correlated.
Mobilizing Timely Location-Based Advertising: A Study of Effectiveness on Persuasion (2013)

Various studies have examined the effects of SMS (e.g. Carroll, Barnes, and Fletcher, 2007; Varnali, Yilmaz, and Toker, 2012). However, the effectiveness of MMS, especially those focusing on how features such as localized search and real time services influence the psychological aspects of users, has received little attention. Moreover, due to the ubiquitously accessible and portable features as well as highly personal devices, it would be valuable to gain insights into consumers’ perceptions of the impact of mobile advertising. Taken together, the goal of this study is to explore effect of mobile advertisements on persuasion. A two (type of mobile ads: SMS vs. MMS) × two (location feature: with location-based service vs. without location-based service) × two (timeliness feature: with immediate message vs. non-immediate message) between-subjects design was set up. The results showed that mobile phone users have greater attention, interest, desire and exhibit more favorable attitude for the brand as well as greater purchase intention when exposed to MMS with location-based and timely services than MMS with location-based but have no timely service. Interestingly, irritation mediates the relationship between the type of mobile advertisement and (1) attention, (2) interest, (3) desire, (4) attitude toward the brand and (5) purchase intention.
A 0.5μm CMOS Random Access Analog Memory Chip for TeraOPS Speed Multimedia Video Processing (1998)

*Ricardo Carmona1, Servando Espejo1, Rafael Dominguez-Castro1, Angel RodriguezVazquez1, Tamas Roska2, Tibor Kozek3, Leon O. Chua3 1 Instituto de Microelectronica de Sevilla-CNM-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla. Edificio CICA, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012-Sevilla, Spain. Ph. No.: 34+ 954 239923, Fax: 34+ 954 231832 E-mail: rcarmona@imse.cnm.es 2 MTA-SZTAKI, Analogic & Neural Computing Laboratory, Computer and Automation Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary. 3 Electronics Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 258M Cory Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Semiconducting Properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Si Single Crystals (1958)

High-purity $n$-type single crystals of the semiconducting compound ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}$Si were prepared from melts of stoichiometric proportions of the constituents in graphite crucibles; $p$-type crystals were obtained when the melt was doped with silver or copper. Carrier concentrations in the saturation region were as low as 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for $n$-type and 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for $p$-type samples. Electrical resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and Hall coefficient $R$ were measured from 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 1000\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Hall mobility $\frac{R}{\ensuremath{\rho}}$ showed a temperature dependence in the intrinsic range of approximately ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{5}{2}}$ for all samples. At 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, $\frac{R}{\ensuremath{\rho}}$ was as high as 406 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/volt-sec for $n$-type and 56 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/volt-sec for $p$-type material. The ratio of electron mobility to hole mobility was approximately five. The energy gap, determined from the least-square slopes at high temperature of the curves $log(R{T}^{\frac{3}{2}}) \mathrm{vs} \frac{1}{T}$, was 0.78 ev. The electron mobility at any temperature in the range 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K can be explained quantitatively by a combination of scattering by optical modes and scattering by ionized impurities.