gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sponge of Purified Carbon Nanotubes (1998)

We first used an infrared radiation heating system in air to purify multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) containing unnecessary carbon nanoparticles. The raw MWNTs were obtained in the cathode deposit when a graphite electrode was evaporated in hydrogen gas by DC arc discharge. The purification reached the depth of 0.1 mm from the deposit surface, which revealed highly oriented MWNTs vertical to the cathode surface. Using this methode, we can easily obtain a spongy bulk of highly oriented and purified MWNTs, with the size on the order of 10 mm 2 in surface area and 0.1 mm in thickness.
A Practical Synthesis of 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor MK-0633 (2010)

Practical, chromatography-free syntheses of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor MK-0633 p-toluenesulfonate (1) are described. The first route used an asymmetric zincate addition to ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoropyruvate followed by 1,3,4-oxadiazole formation and reductive amination as key steps. An improved second route features an inexpensive diastereomeric salt resolution of vinyl hydroxy-acid 22 followed by a robust end-game featuring a through-process hydrazide acylation/1,3,4-oxadiazole ring closure/salt formation sequence to afford MK-0633 p-toluenesulfonate (1).
Phase-transfer reactions : Fluka compendium (1986)

The aim of this compendium series is to give synthetic chemists a survey of preparative possibilities in phase-transfer chemistry and rapid access to these types of reactions through a comprehensive abstraction of the relevant literature. A key feature is the systematic listing of reactions according to target compounds: this arrangement satisfies the ever-existing need for rapid information retrieval from the literature. The series is presented as a tabular compendium listing type of product and giving the specific reactions together with the phase-transfer agent, solvent system used, yield and reference. The third volume covers literature from 1984 till mid 1989 with about 7500 reaction equations, 124 review articles and more than 2300 bibliographic citations.
Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Perovskite LaFeO<sub>3</sub>Nanoparticles (2016)

Orthorhombic structure of rare earth perovskite-type oxide LaFeO3 nanoparticles with light absorption properties in the visible range was prepared by co-precipitation method. The prepared nanoparticles was characterized by several measurements such as X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray, field emission scanning electron microscope, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Methylene blue was taken as the model pollutant to evaluate its photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, photosonocatalytic degradation in the presence of LaFeO3 nanoparticles. The degradation of methylene blue followed the pseudo-first order model in all three processes. The observed rate constants indicate that the photosonocatalytic was faster than the respective individual. Radical scavenger experiments revealed that holes were the predominant oxidative species involved in all three processes.
Fracture properties of nanoclay‐filled polypropylene (2003)

Abstract Maleic anhydride‐modified polypropylene was compounded with commercially available surface‐modified montmorillonite in a twin‐screw extruder. Recompounding ensured the removal of visible tactoids from the extrudate but TEM and XRD techniques showed nonuniform dispersion of clay platelets. In this study, we investigated the mechanical and fracture properties of nanoclay‐filled polypropylene. Emphasis was placed on the fracture characterization of the clay‐filled polypropylene. Tensile strength and stiffness increased steadily with an increase in the clay loading. The toughness of compounded materials was characterized using rigorous fracture mechanics. J ‐integral fracture resistance decreased with an increase in the clay content. The resistance against stable crack growth was compared using the slopes derived from the J – R curve and the tearing modulus concept. A significant amount of crack growth resistance was evident in the nanoclay‐filled polypropylene as opposed to other brittle nanocomposites such as the nylon–clay systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 3298–3305, 2003
Fatty Acid Composition of the Lipid Fractions from Bovine Serum Lipoproteins (1961)

Weights and fatty acid composition of the lipid fractions have been determined from bovine serum lipoproteins separated ultracentrifugally at a solvent density of 1.063 g/ml and corresponding in electrophoretie mobility to a-and fl-lipoproteins. The vast proportion of sermn lipids was contained in the high-density lipoproteins (D > 1.063), with the marked exception of the triglycerides, which were evenly divided. Degree of saturation in the high-density lipoprotein total lipids was 27% and ranged from eholesteryl esters 8.4%, phospholipids 50%, nonesterified fatty acids 65%, to triglycerides 80%. The low-density lipoproteins (D < 1.063) showed a 74% degree of saturation in their total lipids which varied from phospholipids 73%, triglycerides 84%, nonesterified fatty acids 86% to cholesteryl esters 89%. Fatty acid distribution indicated a large concentration of linoleate in the total lipids and cholesteryl esters of the high-density lipoproteins. This concentration was dispersed in their other lipid fractions. The low-density lipoproteins contained chiefly pahnitate and stearate in all lipid fractions. Triglycerides in both high-and low-density lipoproteins were notably similar in weight, saturation, and fatty acid composition.
Relation between use of antihypertensive medications and risk of breast carcinoma among women ages 65–79 years (2003)

The use of particular types of antihypertensive medications, including immediate-release CCBs and certain diuretics, may increase the risk of breast carcinoma among older women. Additional studies are warranted to clarify these potential associations. Cancer 2003;98:1504-13.
<i><scp>B</scp>orrelia burgdorferi</i> <scp>BbHtrA</scp> degrades host <scp>ECM</scp> proteins and stimulates release of inflammatory cytokines <i>in vitro</i> (2013)

The Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi, causes damage to diverse host tissues and induces inflammation but the mechanisms of injury are poorly understood. We recently reported that a surface-exposed B. burgdorferi protease, which is expressed during human disease and is conserved within the major Lyme disease spirochaete species, degrades the extracellular matrix proteoglycan, aggrecan. Here we demonstrate that BbHtrA also degrades fibronectin and numerous proteoglycans found in skin, joints and neural tissues. BbHtrA degradation of fibronectin released known pro-inflammatory fibronectin fragments FnIII(13-14) and Fnf-29, which may amplify the inflammatory processes triggered by the presence of the bacteria. When this hypothesis was tested directly by exposing chondrocytes to BbHtrA in vitro, inflammatory cytokines (sICAM-1 and IL-6) and chemokines (CXCL1, CCL1, CCL2 and CCL5) that are hallmarks of Lyme disease were induced. These results provide the first evidence that, by utilizing BbHtrA, B. burgdorferi may actively participate in its dissemination and in the tissue damage and inflammation observed in Lyme disease.
Coverage-Dependent Phases and Phase Stability of Decanethiol on Au(111) (1999)

Using ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy, we have characterized the structural phases of decanethiol on Au(111) at coverages below saturation. As coverage increases, the monolayer sequentially adopts five discrete structural phases. At low surface coverage, decanethiol exists as a lattice gas. Above a critical surface coverage, the molecules condense into islands of a commensurate crystalline lattice. These islands grow in equilibrium with the lattice gas until saturation. As coverage increases, the surface layer sequentially undergoes two first-order phase transitions, first to a metastable phase then to a stable phase. The first three condensed phases are characterized by alignment of the molecular axes with the surface plane but with discretely increasing degrees of out-of-plane interdigitation. Above saturation coverage of the densest surface-aligned phase, the monolayer undergoes an edge-mediated melting transition. The evidence suggests that the resulting fluid is a supercooled, two-dimensional liquid. The highest-density phase, characterized by alignment of the molecular axes close to the surface normal, grows by homogeneous nucleation from this supercooled liquid. These data provide a fundamental understanding of the mechanistic pathway of molecular monolayer self-assembly.
A practical adaptive image compression technique using visual criteria for still-picture transmission with electronic mail (1990)

An efficient image compression/decompression technique for complex scenes is presented. An image is first decorrelated by a full two-dimensional DCT (discrete cosine transform). The resulting coefficient map is weighted using properties of the human visual system and finally encoded with a novel multiresolution encoder. The result is converted into printable ASCII for transmission by electronic mail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Natural gradient multichannel blind deconvolution and speech separation using causal FIR filters (2004)

Natural gradient adaptation is an especially convenient method for adapting the coefficients of a linear system in inverse filtering tasks such as convolutive blind source separation and multichannel blind deconvolution. When developing practical implementations of such methods, however, it is not clear how best to window the signals and truncate the filter impulse responses within the filtered gradient updates. We show how inadequate use of truncation of the filter impulse responses and signal windowing within a well-known natural gradient algorithm for multichannel blind deconvolution and source separation can introduce a bias into its steady-state solution. We then provide modifications of this algorithm that effectively mitigate these effects for estimating causal FIR solutions to single- and multichannel equalization and source separation tasks. The new multichannel blind deconvolution algorithm requires approximately 6.5 multiply/adds per adaptive filter coefficient, making its computational complexity about 63% greater than the originally-proposed version. Numerical experiments verify the robust convergence performance of the new method both in multichannel blind deconvolution tasks for i.i.d. sources and in convolutive BSS tasks for real-world acoustic sources, even for extremely-short separation filters.
An AlAs/InGaAs/AlAs/InAlAs double-barrier quantum well infrared photodetector operating at 3.4 μm and 205 K (1999)

A high-performance n-type AlAs/InGaAs/AlAs/InAlAs double-barrier quantum well infrared photodetector grown on InP with photovoltaic (PV) and photoconductive (PC) dual-mode operation has been fabricated and characterized in this work. The PV and PC detection scheme employs the intersubband transition from the ground bound state to the quasibound excited state in the double-barrier well. The peak responsivities for the PV mode at zero bias and PC mode at Vb=−3 V were found to be 19 and 159 mA/W at λp=3.4 μm and T=77 K, respectively. The corresponding background limited performance (BLIP) detectivity (DBLIP*) was given by 8.9×1010 cm Hz1/2/W for the PV mode and non-BLIP D*=5.36×1010 cm Hz1/2/W for the PC mode. This device is capable of operating up to 205 K with good performance characteristics.
Stoichiometry of the nitrous acid deaminative cleavage of model amino sugar glycosides and glycosaminoglycuronans (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStoichiometry of the nitrous acid deaminative cleavage of model amino sugar glycosides and glycosaminoglycuronansJohn Ernest Shively and Harry E. ConradCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 1, 33–43Publication Date (Print):January 6, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 6 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00803a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00803a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-label Music Genre Classification from Audio, Text, and Images Using Deep Features (2017)

Music genres allow to categorize musical items that share common characteristics. Although these categories are not mutually exclusive, most related research is traditionally focused on classifying tracks into a single class. Furthermore, these categories (e.g., Pop, Rock) tend to be too broad for certain applications. In this work we aim to expand this task by categorizing musical items into multiple and fine-grained labels, using three different data modalities: audio, text, and images. To this end we present MuMu, a new dataset of more than 31k albums classified into 250 genre classes. For every album we have collected the cover image, text reviews, and audio tracks. Additionally, we propose an approach for multi-label genre classification based on the combination of feature embeddings learned with state-of-the-art deep learning methodologies. Experiments show major differences between modalities, which not only introduce new baselines for multi-label genre classification, but also suggest that combining them yields improved results.
Optical studies of IV–VI quantum dots (1994)

PbS microcrystallites show strong quantum confinement effects on account of the fact that the particle size is much smaller than the exciton Bohr radius, leading to large blue shifts of the optical absorption edge and the transverse optical phonon frequencies. In addition, femtosecond pump-probe experiments find a transient absorption with tetrahertz oscillatory behavior, due to vibrational quantum beats. The frequency of the tetrahertz response agrees with the fundamental infrared absorption of the PbS microcrystallites, suggesting that the vibrational mode to which the photoexcited carriers couple is a transverse optical phonon.
Peer Reviewed: Economic Input–Output Models for Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment (1998)

Process and product models are commonly used for performing life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of the environmental impacts of materials and products through different stages of fabrication, use, and end-of-life options. In this article, we show that these models can be represented as process flow diagrams or as matrices of process interactions. In either representation, the inventory of environmental emissions and resources used is comparable, provided the process models are proportional in nature (any increase in product output produces a corresponding environmental burden). Matrix representations are advantageous if application cost, feedback flow, or speed of analysis is important. They are also useful in conjunction with comprehensive, general equilibrium models in which the system boundary of the problem (e.g., an LCA of a product) being analyzed is on the level of the national economy.
The best in point-of-sale design (1993)

Point of sale design can take many forms, and covers a wide range of product types but so far little attention has been paid to this critical design discipline. This book features the very best recent work from top designers worldwide, and covers all the many different forms from posters to merchandizing bands to dump bins and special product dispensers.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and prednisolone acetate 1% after cataract surgery (1999)

Ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% ophthalmic solution was as effective and well-tolerated as prednisolone acetate 1% solution in controlling postoperative inflammation and pain after cataract surgery.
Understanding dissolution behavior of 193nm photoresists in organic solvent developers (2012)

Herein, we investigate the dissolution behavior of 193-nm chemically amplified resist in different organic solvents at a mechanistic level. We previously reported the effect of solvent developers on the negative tone development (NTD) process in both dry and immersion lithography, and demonstrated various resist performance parameters such as photospeed, critical dimension uniformity, and dissolution rate contrast are strongly affected by chemical nature of the organic developer. We further pursued the investigation by examining the dependence of resist dissolution behavior on their solubility properties using Hansen Solubility Parameter (HSP). The effects of monomer structure, and resist composition, and the effects of different developer chemistry on dissolution behaviors were evaluated by using laser interferometry and quartz crystal microbalance. We have found that dissolution behaviors of methacrylate based resists are significantly different in different organic solvent developers such as OSD<sup>TM</sup>-1000 Developer* and n-butyl acetate (nBA), affecting their resist performance. This study reveals that understanding the resist dissolution behavior helps to design robust NTD materials for higher resolution imaging.
Performance Evaluation of Scheduling Algorithms for Bluetooth (2000)

During the last couple of years, much attention has been brought to research and development of mobile ad hoc networks. In an ad hoc network, a collection of peer wireless mobile users within range of each other may dynamically form a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized server, as opposed to cellular systems. This paper analyses the performance of a wireless ad-hoc network concept called Bluetooth which was presented in February 1998 by its five promoters — Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba and Intel. We discuss a modified exhaustive scheduler, proposed by the authors, and show its applicability under various operating conditions. A number of scenarios are analyzed and we also address the importance of multi-slot packets to increase throughput and to keep the delays low.
University Physics - Volume 1 (OpenStax) (2016)

University Physics is designed for the two- or three-semester calculus-based physics course. The text has been developed\nto meet the scope and sequence of most university physics courses and provides a foundation for a career in mathematics,\nscience, or engineering. The book provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of physics and\nunderstand how those concepts apply to their lives and to the world around them.\nDue to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in three volumes for flexibility and efficiency.\nCoverage and scope\nOur University Physics textbook adheres to the scope and sequence of most two- and three-semester physics courses\nnationwide. We have worked to make physics interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical\nrigor inherent in the subject. With this objective in mind, the content of this textbook has been developed and arranged\nto provide a logical progression from fundamental to more advanced concepts, building upon what students have already\nlearned and emphasizing connections between topics and between theory and applications. The goal of each section is\nto enable students not just to recognize concepts, but to work with them in ways that will be useful in later courses and\nfuture careers. The organization and pedagogical features were developed and vetted with feedback from science educators\ndedicated to the project.
Effects of hypoxia on relationships between cytosolic and mitochondrial NAD(P)H redox and superoxide generation in coronary arterial smooth muscle (2008)

Since controversy exists on how hypoxia influences vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and our previous work provided evidence that it relaxes endothelium-denuded bovine coronary arteries (BCA) in a ROS-independent manner by promoting cytosolic NADPH oxidation, we examined how hypoxia alters relationships between cytosolic and mitochondrial NAD(P)H redox and superoxide generation in BCA. Methods were developed to image and interpret the effects of hypoxia on NAD(P)H redox based on its autofluorescence in the cytosolic, mitochondrial, and nuclear regions of smooth muscle cells isolated from BCA. Aspects of anaerobic glycolysis and cytosolic NADH redox in BCA were assessed from measurements of lactate and pyruvate. Imaging changes in mitosox and dehydroethidium fluorescence were used to detect changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic-nuclear superoxide, respectively. Hypoxia appeared to increase mitochondrial and decrease cytosolic-nuclear superoxide under conditions associated with increased cytosolic NADH (lactate/pyruvate), mitochondrial NAD(P)H, and hyperpolarization of mitochondria detected by tetramethylrhodamine methyl-ester perchlorate fluorescence. Rotenone appeared to increase mitochondrial NAD(P)H and superoxide, suggesting hypoxia could increase superoxide generation by complex I. However, hypoxia decreased mitochondrial superoxide in the presence of contraction to 30 mM KCl, associated with decreased mitochondrial NAD(P)H. Thus, while hypoxia augments NAD(P)H redox associated with increased mitochondrial superoxide, contraction with KCl reverses these effects of hypoxia on mitochondrial superoxide, suggesting mitochondrial ROS increases do not mediate hypoxic relaxation in BCA. Since hypoxia lowers pyruvate, and pyruvate inhibits hypoxia-elicited relaxation and NADPH oxidation in BCA, mitochondrial control of pyruvate metabolism associated with cytosolic NADPH redox regulation could contribute to sensing hypoxia.