gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional plasma actuation for faster transition to turbulence (2017)

We demonstrate that a 3D non-linear plasma actuation method creates secondary instabilities by forming lambda vortices for a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer flow over a flat plate. Both bypass transition and controlled transition processes are numerically investigated using wall resolved modal discontinuous Galerkin based implicit large eddy simulation. The largest momentum thickness based Reynolds numbers tested are 1250 and 1100 for the bypass transition and the controlled transition, respectively. The 3D actuation method is based on a square serpentine plasma actuator (Durscher and Roy 2012 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 45 035202). The transition is achieved via oblique wave transition by perturbing the flow at a frequency of 1 kHz with amplitude of 10% of the freestream velocity. Although the flow is perturbed at a single frequency, the instabilities arising due to the nonlinear interaction between the consecutive lambda vortices, creates subharmonic lambda vortices (half of the fundamental frequency), which finally break down into fully turbulent flow. These interactions have been thoroughly studied and discussed. Since the actuation creates oblique wave transition it will allow faster transition compared to the standard secondary instability mechanism with similar disturbance amplitude reducing the amount of energy input required for flow control.
An analog decoder for concatenated magnetic recording schemes (2003)

This paper presents an all-analog iterative decoding network for an EPR4 magnetic recording system. A powerful serially concatenated architecture is considered, consisting of a simple outer code, an interleaver with reasonable size and a rate 1 EPR4 channel as inner code. The analog chip design is based on analog 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Simulation results for both digital and analog implementations are shown. Practical implementation issues such as considerations of mismatch effects over performance are also discussed.
Structured background grids for generation of unstructured grids by advancing-front method (1993)

A new method of background grid construction is introduced for generation of unstructured grids using the advancing-front technique. Unlike the conventional triangular/tetrahedral background grids that are difficult to construct and usually inadequate in performance, the new method exploits the simplicity of uniform Cartesian meshes and the superiority of the elliptic grid point distribution for unstructured grid generation. The approach is analogous to solving a steady-state heat conduction problem with discrete heat sources. The spacing parameters of grid points are distributed over the nodes of a Cartesian background grid by solving a Poisson equation. To increase the control over the grid point distribution, a directional clustering approach is developed. The new method is convenient to use and provides better grid quality and flexibility. Some sample two-dimensional results are presented to demonstrate the power of the method.
Tibiofemoral movement 4: changes of axial tibial rotation caused by forced rotation at the weight-bearing knee studied by RSA (2000)

We studied the knees of 11 volunteers using RSA during a step-up exercise requiring extension while weight-bearing from 50 degrees to 0 degrees. The findings on weight-bearing flexion with and without external rotation of the tibia based on MRI were confirmed.
Internet of Things for Power and Energy Systems Applications in Buildings: An Overview (2020)

This paper highlights state-of-the-art technologies, collectively described as Internet of Things (IoT) to improve energy efficiency in residential and commercial buildings. An appraisal of numerous studies on the subject was carried out to better understand the methods through which IoT systems are being currently deployed to improve energy efficiency in buildings, and further technological enhancements that are needed to accelerate these efficiency gains. Many of the present IoT studies have been focused on one specific problem, inefficient heating systems in buildings. Core IoT elements, such as the hardware components and management control software are usually discussed to some degree in most of the research studies. Although the types of applications varied per study, similar design patterns were observed. Some of the major design commonalities are: the choice of options for powering sensors and actuators; control methods for collecting data and controlling devices; historical data acquisition as a base to forecast ahead energy usage; and the methods by which IoT elements interact with one another. The research indicates that while similarities exist among different IoT systems, any chosen system design must be largely specific to its application. Factors such as the number of sensors used, the number of actuated devices, the optimal control method, and personal security of the end-user are application-dependent and must all be considered. Future research directions should examine optimal methods of providing remote power to devices, decipher strategies to keep isolated IoT networks secure, maintain a balance between meeting user comfort requirements and allowing a system to remain relatively autonomous, and optimize system performance in the context of the above requirements and constraints.
Kanban simulator using SIMAN and Lotus 1-2-3 (1993)

The simulator documented in this paper was developed in response to a contest challenge for the fust SIMAN User's Meeting. The problem
Gaussian beam ray-equivalent modeling and optical design (1983)

It is shown that the propagation and transformation of a simply astigmatic Gaussian beam by an optical system with a characteristic ABCD matrix can be modeled by relatively simple equations whose terms consist solely of the heights and slopes of two paraxial rays. These equations are derived from the ABCD law of Gaussian beam transformation. They can be used in conjunction with a conventional automatic optical design program to design and optimize Gaussian beam optical systems. Several design examples are given using the CODE-V optical design package.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathomechanisms in Vitiligo (2000)

Vitiligo is the most commonly acquired hypomelanosis, and is restricted to a limited cutaneous territory (focal/segmental vitiligo [SV]) or generalized in symmetric patches (nonsegmental vitiligo [NSV]). In the majority of cases, vitiligo corresponds to a loss of melanocytes, first in the epidermal compartment, and later in the follicular reservoir where most melanocytic stem cells are probably situated. There are many data currently supporting an impaired redox status of the epidermal melanin unit as a primary defect leading to inappropriate immune responses in NSV. SV is probably a mosaic developmental predisposition to melanocytic loss, with similar mechanisms at work on a limited scale, as suggested by its cutaneous distribution and success of autografting. In NSV, engraftment of autologous melanocytes is less durable, especially in areas prone to repeated trauma or pressure. Although melanocytes are the obvious target of the disease, keratinocytes, as providers of antioxidant molecules to melanocytes as well as cofactors in the synthesis of melanin, are probably involved. The production of autoantibodies and specific cytotoxic T cells is not surprising in the context of the massive uptake of melanocytic antigens by Langerhans cells in unstable vitiligo vulgaris, thereby allowing the self-perpetuation of lesions. This article reviews the recent data on the pathophysiology of vitiligo, on the basis of clinical classification and the intrinsic/extrinsic nature of proposed pathomechanisms. Unfortunately, basic issues like pathological staging, clinical scoring, and eliciting factors have not yet been fully resolved. More genetic studies in vitiligo-prone families and in specific genetic disorders associated with vitiligo are also needed.
Myocardial protection of distal protection device in acute myocardial infarction (2004)

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficiency of distal protection device during primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Seventy-two hospitalized acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in the Department of Cardiology of Xijing Hospital from June 2003-Mar 2004 were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups of their own will: experimental group (n=39) with 36 males and l3 females, and control group (n=33) with 27 males and 6 females. Blood samples were collected from the elbow vein at 8, 16 and 24 h after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the serum level of cTnI and CK-MB were measured. The difference of the incidence rate of cardiovascular events during the hospitalization between the two groups was compared. RESULTS: ①The serum level of cTnI increased after PCI in both of the two groups, but that of experimental group reached peak at 8 h after PCI,while that of control group reached peak at 16 h after PCI. The serum levels of cTnI and CK-MB were also significantly lower in experimental group than those in control group at 16 h and 24 h after PCI [cTnI 16 h (1201±814) vs (693±624) μg/L, P0.01;24 h (1100±1868) vs (417±365) μg/L, P 0.01 . CK-MB 16 h (4.92±1.32) vs (3.27±0.33) μkat/L, P0.01;24 h (3.02±0.13) vs (2.57± 0.13) μkat/L, P0.01]. ② The incidence rate of major adverse cardiac events(MACE) was not significantly different between the two groups during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: It is feasible, safe and effective to use the distal protection device in native coronary against embolism during primary angioplasty in AMI.
Entgegnung auf Jürgen Kuczynski (1990)

Wirtschaftsgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, Politiker, Unternehmer, Deutsches Reich, Weimarer Republik, industrielle Revolution, Elektroindustrie, historische Entwicklung, 19. Jahrhundert, 20. Jahrhundert
Plasma immersion ion implantation of SiF4 and BF3 for sub-100 nm <i>P</i>+/<i>N</i> junction fabrication (1991)

Sub-100 nm P+/N junctions were fabricated using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). With this technique, the silicon wafer was immersed in SiF4/BF3 plasma and biased with a negative voltage. The positively charged ions in the plasma sheath were accelerated by the electric field and implanted into the wafer. The dose rate of PIII can be much higher than that of conventional ion implanter. Whereas the dopant activation behavior is similar. For extremely shallow P+/N junction formation, sample preamorphization and short cycle rapid thermal annealing (RTA) are required. With SiF4 PIII preamorphization followed by BF3 PIII doping and RTA at 1060 °C for 1 s, 80 nm P+/N junctions were successfully obtained. Test diodes fabricated with this technique show good characteristics.
The possible role of membrane complement regulators in vasculitis. (1993)

Potentially, damage to endothelial cells of small vessel walls may be induced by the deposition of immune complexes and subsequent complement activation. The degree of deposition of C3b onto the endothelial cell surface under normal conditions is regulated by a number of membrane-bound regulators. Under inflammatory conditions various cytokines could potentially deregulate the expression and function of the membrane-bound complement inhibitors. Such a process could potentially increase the susceptibility of the endothelial cell layer to complement-mediated attack and provoke a vascular lesion.
Fast Light-Off of Underbody Catalysts Using Exhaust Gas Ignition (EGI) (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The rapid heating of an under-body catalyst after cold start by combustion of rich engine products with added secondary air is described. The results of initial durability studies including spark plug fouling, oil dilution and thermal shock are presented, together with emissions performance and a mileage accumulation study. Also discussed are failure mode assessment and the system tolerance to anticipated open-loop errors and real-world driving scenarios.</div>
Replacing alfalfa or red clover silage with birdsfoot trefoil silage in total mixed rations increases production of lactating dairy cows1 (2012)

The objective of this study was to compare milk production and nutrient utilization in dairy cattle fed silage made from alfalfa (AL) or red clover (RC) versus birdsfoot trefoil (BFT) selected for low, normal, and high levels of condensed tannins. Condensed tannin contents of the 3 BFT silages were 8, 12, and 16 g/kg of DM by butanol-HCl assay. Twenty-five multiparous Holstein cows (5 fitted with ruminal cannulas) were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned within blocks to incomplete 5×5 Latin squares. Diets contained [dry matter (DM) basis] about 60% AL, 50% RC, or 60% of 1 of the 3 BFT; the balance of dietary DM was largely from high-moisture corn plus supplemental crude protein from soybean meal. Diets were balanced to approximately 17% crude protein and fed for four 3-wk periods; 2 wk were allowed for adaptation and production data were collected during the last week of each period. No differences existed in DM intake or milk composition due to silage source, except that milk protein content was lowest for RC. Yields of milk, energy-corrected milk, fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat were greater for the 3 BFT diets than for diets containing AL or RC. Feeding BFT with the highest condensed tannin content increased yield of milk, protein, and solids-not-fat compared with BFT containing the lowest amount of condensed tannin. Moreover, milk-N/N-intake was higher, and milk urea nitrogen concentration and urinary urea-N excretion were lower for diets with normal levels of BFT than for AL or RC diets. Feeding RC resulted in the highest apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose and lowest ruminal concentrations of ammonia and free amino acids. Ruminal branched-chain volatile fatty acid levels were lowest for RC diets and diets with high levels of BFT and highest for the AL diet. Overall, diets containing BFT silage supported greater production than diets containing silage from AL or RC. The results indicated that feeding BFT or other legume silages containing condensed tannins can enhance performance and N utilization in lactating dairy cows.
ANTS for Human Exploration and Development of Space (2004)

The proposed Autonomous Nano-technology Swarm (ANTS) is an enabling architecture for human/robotic mission envisaged by NASA's mission for the Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS). ANTS design principles draw on successes observed in the realm of social insect colonies, which include task specialization and sociality. ANTS spacecraft act as independent, autonomous agents for specific functions, while cooperating to achieve mission goals. For example, the Prospecting ANTS Mission (PAM) is a long-term mission concept for the 2020-2025 time frame involving individual spacecraft agents that are optimized for specific asteroid prospecting functions. The objective of PAM is to characterize at least one thousand asteroids during each year of operations in the main belt. To achieve this objective, PAM spacecraft, individually and as a group, must achieve a high level of autonomy. This high degree of autonomy opens the possibility of a new kind of interaction between humans and these spacecraft, where human explorers and developers could interact with ANTS enabled resources by communicating high-level goals and data products. Thus ANTS enables new kinds of missions in which human and robotic agents work together to achieve mission goals. In this paper we review and discuss the ANTS architecture in the context of the HEDS mission.
Effects of PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism on susceptibility and clinical characteristics of British Caucasian rheumatoid arthritis patients (2006)

We confirmed the previously reported association of PTPN22 with RF-positive RA, which was independent from the HLA-DRB1 genotype.
Gamma-glutamyltransferase as a cardiovascular risk factor (2006)

The association of a novel factor with clinical vascular disease must meet the same high standard met by ‘traditional’ risk factors. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is a low-cost, highly sensitive laboratory test: though it is currently considered as an index of hepato-biliary dysfunction and alcohol abuse,1 pathology studies from our group since 1998 have indicated its possible role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.2,3 Furthermore, epidemiology studies on a total of 218 561 subjects from unselected populations4–6 or cohorts with ascertained disease7 have proven the role of GGT not only in predicting mortality from all causes, but also the clinical evolution of cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases towards life-threatening events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiac death, independently from the occurrence of hepatic disease, alcohol consumption, and established traditional risk factors in multivariable analyses. As for what specifically concerns the occurrence of coronary events, first observations by Wannamethee et al .4 in British middle-aged men were confirmed in 2001 in this Journal by us for patients with angiographically established coronary artery disease (CAD).7 Serum GGT was associated with an increasing risk of cardiac death and non-fatal infarction for activity values within reference limits with a graded response relationship … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +39 050 3152189; fax: +39 050 3152109. E-mail address : emdin{at}ifc.cnr.it
The Titan can help titin: from micro to macro myocardial elasticity (2006)

Heart failure of different etiologies is due to changes in cardiac structure and function. During normal diastolic filling, the passive stretch of the ventricular myocardium is modulated by titin, a giant elastic protein that acts as a molecular spring and leads to the recapitulation of single cell mechanics at global ventricular level. The mechanics of a dilated failing heart are at least partially determined by variations in the passive filling properties of the myocardium that impair contraction. Current volume reduction surgery is based on Laplace's law and obtained by rigid means that may impair diastolic function. We postulate that inserting one or more elastic elements at different levels of a failing ventricle (the mitral annulus, equator and apex) could improve cardiac performance. We describe our invention for the first time by presenting the results of two animal experiments.
User's guide to DIANE Version 2. 1: A microcomputer software package for modeling battery performance in electric vehicle applications (1990)

DIANE is an interactive microcomputer software package for the analysis of battery performance in electric vehicle (EV) applications. The principal objective of this software package is to enable the prediction of EV performance on the basis of laboratory test data for batteries. The model provides a second-by-second simulation of battery voltage and current for any specified velocity/time or power/time profile. The capability of the battery is modeled by an algorithm that relates the battery voltage to the withdrawn current, taking into account the effect of battery depth-of-discharge (DOD). Because of the lack of test data and other constraints, the current version of DIANE deals only with vehicles using fresh'' batteries with or without regenerative braking. Deterioration of battery capability due to aging can presently be simulated with user-input parameters accounting for an increase of effective internal resistance and/or a decrease of cell no-load voltage. DIANE 2.1 is written in FORTRAN language for use on IBM-compatible microcomputers. 7 refs.
Comparison of Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabs for the Diagnosis of Eight Respiratory Viruses by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays (2011)

The sensitivities were variable among the eight viruses tested; neither specimen was consistently more effective than the other. For respiratory disease surveillance programs using qRT-PCR that aim to maximize sensitivity for a large number of viruses, collecting combined NP and OP specimens would be the most effective approach.
Conformational Fine-Tuning of Pore-Forming Peptide Potency and Selectivity (2015)

To better understand the sequence-structure-function relationships that control the activity and selectivity of membrane-permeabilizing peptides, we screened a peptide library, based on the archetypal pore-former melittin, for loss-of-function variants. This was accomplished by assaying library members for failure to cause leakage of entrapped contents from synthetic lipid vesicles at a peptide-to-lipid ratio of 1:20, 10-fold higher than the concentration at which melittin efficiently permeabilizes the same vesicles. Surprisingly, about one-third of the library members are inactive under these conditions. In the negative peptides, two changes of hydrophobic residues to glycine were especially abundant. We show that loss-of-function activity can be completely recapitulated by a single-residue change of the leucine at position 16 to glycine. Unlike the potently cytolytic melittin, the loss-of-function peptides, including the single-site variant, are essentially inactive against phosphatidylcholine vesicles and multiple types of eukaryotic cells. Loss of function is shown to result from a shift in the binding-folding equilibrium away from the active, bound, α-helical state toward the inactive, unbound, random-coil state. Accordingly, the addition of anionic lipids to synthetic lipid vesicles restored binding, α-helical secondary structure, and potent activity of the "negative" peptides. While nontoxic to mammalian cells, the single-site variant has potent bactericidal activity, consistent with the anionic nature of bacterial membranes. The results show that conformational fine-tuning of helical pore-forming peptides is a powerful way to modulate their activity and selectivity.
Bacteriophage f1 gene II and X proteins. Isolation and characterization of the products of two overlapping genes. (1981)

We have isolated and characterized the 2 major proteins of a dense complex which accumulate in EScherichia coli cells infected with bacteriophage f1 under conditions where the phage gene V protein is inactive (Webster, R. E., and Rementer, M. (1980) J. Mol. Biol. 139, 393-405). The amino acid composition and NH2- and COOH-terminal sequences of the larger polypeptide (estimated molecular weight of 46,000) correspond to those predicted from the DNA sequence for the f1 gene II protein. The other polypeptide (estimated molecular weight of 14,000) has the amino acid composition and COOH-terminal sequence predicted for the f1 X protein, which previously had been found only as a product of an in vitro transcription-translation reaction. The X protein contains N-formylmethionine, cross-reacts with antibodies against gene II protein, and is present in wild type f1-infected bacteria. Thus, X protein is the product of f1 gene X (10), which is contained entirely in, and translated in phase with, gene II.
A novel member of the cspA family of genes that is induced by cold shock in Escherichia coli (1996)

Escherichia coli contains a major cold shock protein, CspA (or CS7.4), whose production is predominantly induced at low temperatures. This bacterium is known to possess five additional genes, each encoding a protein highly similar to CspA (referred to as the CspA family). Here we identified a gene that encodes a cold-shock-inducible analog of CspA and CspB. This newly cloned cspG gene is located at 22 min on the E. coli genetic map, apart from the other cspA family genes. Its gene product (70 amino acids) is 73 and 77% identical to CspA (70 amino acids) and CspB (71 amino acids), respectively. Analyses of a cspG-lacZ transcriptional fusion and Northern (RNA) hybridization revealed that cspG is a low-temperature-responsive gene. Its low-temperature-inducible promoters were determined, and the results indicated that the cspG sequence is highly similar to both the cspA and cspB sequences not only in the coding regions but also in the 5'-upstream noncoding regions surrounding their own promoters.