gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A possible neural mechanism for photosensitivity in chronic pain (2016)

Patients with functional pain disorders often complain of generalized sensory hypersensitivity, finding sounds, smells, or even everyday light aversive. The neural basis for this aversion is unknown, but it cannot be attributed to a general increase in cortical sensory processing. Here, we quantified the threshold for aversion to light in patients with fibromyalgia, a pain disorder thought to reflect dysregulation of pain-modulating systems in the brain. These individuals expressed discomfort at light levels substantially lower than that of healthy control subjects. Complementary studies in lightly anesthetized rat demonstrated that a subset of identified pain-modulating neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla unexpectedly responds to light. Approximately half of the pain-facilitating "ON-cells" and pain-inhibiting "OFF-cells" sampled exhibited a change in firing with light exposure, shifting the system to a pronociceptive state with the activation of ON-cells and suppression of OFF-cell firing. The change in neuronal firing did not require a trigeminal or posterior thalamic relay, but it was blocked by the inactivation of the olivary pretectal nucleus. Light exposure also resulted in a measurable but modest decrease in the threshold for heat-evoked paw withdrawal, as would be expected with engagement of this pain-modulating circuitry. These data demonstrate integration of information about light intensity with somatic input at the level of single pain-modulating neurons in the brain stem of the rat under basal conditions. Taken together, our findings in rodents and humans provide a novel mechanism for abnormal photosensitivity and suggest that light has the potential to engage pain-modulating systems such that normally innocuous inputs are perceived as aversive or even painful.
Molecular Identification and Expression Analysis of Filaggrin-2, a Member of the S100 Fused-Type Protein Family (2009)

Genes of the S100 fused-type protein (SFTP) family are clustered within the epidermal differentiation complex and encode essential components that maintain epithelial homeostasis and barrier functions. Recent genetic studies have shown that mutations within the gene encoding the SFTP filaggrin cause ichthyosis vulgaris and are major predisposing factors for atopic dermatitis. As a vital component of healthy skin, filaggrin is also a precursor of natural moisturizing factors. Here we present the discovery of a member of this family, designated as filaggrin-2 (FLG2) that is expressed in human skin. The FLG2 gene encodes a histidine- and glutamine-rich protein of approximately 248 kDa, which shares common structural features with other SFTP members, in particular filaggrin. We found that FLG2 transcripts are present in skin, thymus, tonsils, stomach, testis and placenta. In cultured primary keratinocytes, FLG2 mRNA expression displayed almost the same kinetics as that of filaggrin following Ca(2+) stimulation, suggesting an important role in molecular regulation of epidermal terminal differentiation. We provide evidences that like filaggrin, FLG2 is initially expressed by upper granular cells, proteolytically processed and deposited in the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum (SC) layers of normal epidermis. Thus, FLG2 and filaggrin may have overlapping and perhaps synergistic roles in the formation of the epidermal barrier, protecting the skin from environmental insults and the escape of moisture by offering precursors of natural moisturizing factors.
The Psychoanalytic Study of Infantile Feeding Disturbances (1946)

(1946). The Psychoanalytic Study of Infantile Feeding Disturbances. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 119-132.
On breaking a Huffman code (1996)

We examine the problem of deciphering a file that has been Huffman coded, but not otherwise encrypted. We find that a Huffman code can be surprisingly difficult to cryptanalyze. We present a detailed analysis of the situation for a three-symbol source alphabet and present some results for general finite alphabets.
Hydroconversion of Triglycerides into Green Liquid Fuels (2012)

Capric C10:0 172.3 554.8 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 Lauric C12:0 200.3 639.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Myristic C14:0 228.4 723.2 0.0 2.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 Palmitic C16:0 256.4 807.3 15.9 40.8 5.1 11.5 6.5 Palmitoleic C16:1 254.4 801.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 Stearic C18:0 284.5 891.5 6.9 3.6 2.1 4.0 5.8 Oleic C18:1 282.5 885.4 41.1 45.2 57.9 24.5 27.0 Linoleic C18:2 280.4 879.4 34.7 7.9 24.7 53.0 60.0 Linolenic C18:3 278.4 873.3 0.3 0.0 7.9 7.0 0.2 Arachidic C20:0 312.5 975.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 Eicosenoic C20:1 310.5 969.6 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Behenic C22:0 340.6 1059.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 Erucic C22:1 338.6 1053.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 Estimated MW: 869.7 847.0
<title>The MTF As An Aid To Focusing Aerial Cameras</title> (1974)

An earlier paper (Ref. 1) described the setting of focus in aerial cameras by locating the plane giving maximum modulation at the spatial frequency corresponding to the low contrast resolving power. A modified apparatus has been applied to determine the area weighted average modulation over the whole field (AWAM) as a function of focus, and hence to locate the best compromise focus having regard to field curvature, etc., and to the asymmetry almost invariably present in production lenses. For four types of lens, the best AWAM focus was not significantly changed by the presence of typical amounts of asymmetry. The agreement between the foci determined by the single frequency measurements and those determined by photographic picture quality was within acceptable limits.
A MAXWELL GARNETT MODEL FOR DIELECTRIC MIXTURES CONTAINING CONDUCTING PARTICLES AT OPTICAL FREQUENCIES (2006)

Mathematical modeling of composites made of a dielectric base and randomly oriented metal inclusions is considered. Different sources of frequency-dependent metal conductivity at optical frequencies are taken into account. These include the skin-effect, dimensional (length-size) resonance of metal particles, and the Drude model. Also, the mean free path of electrons in metals can be smaller than the characteristic sizes of nanoparticles, and this leads to the decrease in conductivity of the metal inclusions. These effects are incorporated in the Maxwell Garnett mixing formulation, and give degrees of freedom for forming desirable optical frequency characteristics of composite media containing conducting particles.
Fused robot pose estimation using embedded and external cameras (2015)

Recently, the interest for autonomous driving and unmanned aerial vehicle has drastically increased in the field of robotics. This very clear trend is now expending to everyday life devices, such as lawn mower. In this context we present an automatic lawn mower vision system capable of estimating its absolute pose using both a monocular camera embedded on the robot and an external camera observing the environment where the robot is functioning. This configuration is particularly desirable since the pose estimation of the robot on the lawn is challenging. This can be explained by the fact that the lawn contains only a few feature points which can be tracked reliably. In order to overcome this problem, we propose the use of an external camera to simplify the localization problem using a marker on the robot. Nonetheless, the pose estimation from the external camera alone is not sufficiently accurate for far distances. To improve its precision, we fuse the pose estimation from the surveillance camera with the relative motion of the robot computed from an on-board fisheye camera. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method using real data captured by a wireless synchronized camera network.
Human recombinant antibody fragments neutralizing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase provide an experimental basis for the structural classification of the DNA polymerase family (1996)

We describe in this paper the binding and biochemical properties of two human antibody fragments directed against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT). These fragments were isolated from a synthetic combinatorial library of human Fab antibody fragments displayed on the surface of filamentous phage. The antibody fragments were selected by using recombinant heterodimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RT purified from insect cells as a solid-phase selector. This procedure led to the isolation of two antibody fragments that completely neutralize the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of RT at nanomolar concentrations. Both antibody fragments bind only to the enzymatically active form of the RT. The inhibitory activity of the anti-RT antibody fragments is competitive with respect to the template primer. The antibody fragments also neutralize the activities of RTs from avian and murine retroviruses and of DNA polymerases of prokaryotic origin as well as human DNA polymerase alpha. Thus, the antibody fragments selected and characterized in this study appear to recognize a structural fold that is common to the different DNA polymerases and necessary for their activity. The results provide an immunological experimental basis for a purely structural and evolutionary classification of the polymerase family.
A Comprehensive and Comparative Analysis of the Patching Behavior of Open Source and Closed Source Software Vendors (2009)

While many theoretical arguments against or in favor of open source and closed source software development have been presented, the empirical basis for the assessment of arguments is still weak. Addressing this research gap, this paper presents a comprehensive empirical investigation of the patching behavior of software vendors/communities of widely deployed open source and closed source software packages, including operating systems, database systems, web browsers, email clients, and office systems. As the value of any empirical study relies on the quality of data available, this paper also discusses in detail data issues, explains to what extent the empirical analysis can be based on vulnerability data contained in the NIST National Vulnerability Database, and shows how data on vulnerability patches was collected by the author to support this study. The results of the analysis suggest that it is not the particular software development style that determines patching behavior, but rather the policy of the particular software vendor.
Inflation masks world trade slowdown (1974)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTInflation masks world trade slowdownEARL V. ANDERSONView Author Information C&EN New YorkCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1974, 52, 51, 21–23Publication Date (Print):December 23, 1974Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 23 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v052n051.p021https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v052n051.p021newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1974 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Lipids,Mathematical methods,Wind Get e-Alerts
A Possible Origin for Some Spiral Nebulae (1916)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
[Necrotic pancreatitis: treatment results]. (2009)

The results of treatment of 310 patients with necrotic pancreatitis were analyzed to establish the efficacy of modern therapy strategy, defined on the 9th Russian congress of surgeons. Current treatment approaches were most effective in patients with severe forms of the pancreatitis. Demonstrated, that treatment protocol of patients with pancreonecrosis, who showed more then 8 points by APACHE II scale, should include pancreotropic antibiotic of broad spectrum, antisecretory drugs and early enteral nutrition. Patients with less then 8 points by APACHE II scale did not required the mandatory implementation of all the referred measurements.
Anomaly Detection and Characterization in Spatial Time Series Data: A Cluster-Centric Approach (2014)

Anomaly detection in spatial time series (spatiotemporal data) is a challenging problem with numerous potential applications. A comprehensive anomaly detection approach not only should be able to detect and identify the emerging anomalies but has to characterize the essence of these anomalies by visualizing the structures revealed within data in a way that is understandable to the end-user as well. In this paper, we consider fuzzy c-means (FCM) as a conceptual and algorithmic setting to deal with the problem of anomaly detection. Using a sliding window, the time series are divided into a number of subsequences, and the available spatiotemporal structure within each time window is discovered using the FCM method. In the sequel, an anomaly score is assigned to each cluster, and using a fuzzy relation formed between revealed structures, a propagation of anomalies occurring in consecutive time intervals is visualized. To illustrate the proposed method, several datasets (synthetic data, a simulated disease outbreak scenario, and Alberta temperature data) have been investigated.
LASERS FOR ART'S SAKE! (1995)

Modern laser technology can be successfully used to improve the conservation, non-destructive diagnostics, and composition analysis of paintings. In particular, excimer lasers are promising tools for surface cleaning of paintings, cleaning support material, such as canvas, paper, or wood, and recovering original paintings from overpaintings. The technique is based on the controllable removal of surface layers by photoablation.
An optimized palm print recognition approach using Gabor filter (2017)

Identity verification of a person always considered a wide research area. In past, Identity of a person verified by traditional token-based or knowledge-based system but in recent year's bio-metrics traits like face, finger, iris, palm print etc. become a key technology for identity verification. Palm print is also the one bio-metric trait that can be used for the efficient identification. Palm print contains many unique features like principal lines, points, ridges, textures etc. that can differentiate two person. Because palm is a large area of hand, there is a common problem of palm displacement over scanner that results in increase in false rejection rate. This paper proposed a method which first generates ROI of captured palm image then median filtering is applied to remove noise and increasing edge sharpness. Histogram equalization applied after that for contrast stretching for low resolution images. Enhanced image is then divided in sixteen equal part, texture feature is extracted from each part of image separately using different orientations of Gabor filter. The generated feature vectors of all sixteen images are then normalized to a single feature vector using n bin histogram process. This increase acceptance rate in case if palm is placed over scanner in slightly different angles because working on small areas of palm helps to extract detail features. This paper used SVM for classification of generated feature vector and Experiment performed on polyU palm print database [1].
<i>pga</i>E encodes a fourth member of the endopolygalacturonase gene family from<i> Aspergillus niger</i> (1998)

In the present study, the molecular and basic biochemical characterization of endopolygalacturonase E, the fourth Aspergillus niger N400 endopolygalacturonase, is reported. The entire endopolygalacturonase E gene consists of 1293 bp interrupted by three short introns (50, 50, and 59 bp, respectively) as concluded from the cDNA sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence comprises 378 residues that include 39 N-terminal amino acids of the prepropeptide. The calculated Mr and pI of the mature protein are 35,584 and 3.6, respectively. Compared with other endopolygalacturonases from A. niger N400, the mature protein endopolygalacturonase E has the highest sequence identity with endopolygalacturonase C (77.6%) followed by endopolygalacturonase I (57.6%) and endopolygalacturonase II (54.3%). For overproduction of endopolygalacturonase E, an A. niger multicopy strain was used that was transformed with a promoter gene fusion construct that directs expression from the glycolytic A. niger pyruvate kinase promoter. The enzyme was purified and characterized as an endopolygalacturonase based on product analysis after polygalacturonate hydrolysis and on bond cleavage frequencies of oligogalacturonates of different degree of polymerisation (n = 2-7). The pH optimum was 3.8. The Km and Vmax for polygalacturonate hydrolysis were 2.5 +/- 0.4 mg x ml(-1) and 1.3 +/- 0.2 microkat x mg(-1), respectively. A subsite map was calculated by the combination of the methods of Suganuma et al. [Suganuma, T., Matsuno, R., Ohnishi, M. & Hiromi, K. (1978) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 84, 293-316] and Nitta et al. [Nitta, Y., Mizushima, M., Hiromi, K. & Ono, S. (1971) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 69, 567-576]. This indicated that the enzyme was composed of at least five subsites.
The DC Pumped Quadrupole Amplifier- A Wave Analysis (1960)

Gordon, Buchsbaum, and Feinstein have proposed a new quasi-parametric electron-beam amplifier which uses the same transverse cyclotron waves as the Adler-Wade quadrupole parametric amplifier, but which is pumped with dc voltage applied via a twisted or staggered quadrupole structure. This paper analyses the dc pumped twisted-quadrupole case in terms of the four transverse beam waves and their coupling. Amplification is found to result from the coupling of the slow and fast cyclotron waves. The pump voltage does not actually pump, i.e., does not supply energy. An alternative dc pumping schemie is also examined and found to give coupling of the waves but no amplification.
The effect of annealing and ZnO dopant on the optoelectronic properties of ITO thin films (2007)

Thin films of indium tin oxide doped with ZnO thin films have been prepared by the electron-beam evaporation technique. The effects of heat treatment and ZnO content on the structural, optical and electrical properties of these films have been investigated. The optical transmission was found to improve with increasing ZnO ratio and annealing temperature. Enhancement of the film crystallinity or the grain size growth seemed to be associated with an improvement of the mobility carriers and hence the film conductivity. Transmittance values of 84–90% in the visible region and low electrical resistivity of 1.2 × 10−4–1.3 × 10−4 Ω cm have been achieved for (ITO)1−x(ZnO)x film with x = 0.2 annealed at temperature of 325 °C for 90 min and 120 min, respectively. Other optical parameters, namely optical energy gap, free carrier concentration, refractive index and extinction coefficient were studied.
The Role of <i>Notch3</i> in Cancer (2018)

The <i>Notch</i> family is a highly conserved gene group that regulates cell-cell interaction, embryogenesis, and tissue commitment. This review summarizes the existing data on the third subtype of the <i>Notch</i> family, Notch3. The role of Notch3 in different types of cancers is discussed, as well as implications of its modification and new strategies to affect Notch3 signaling activity.
Surface Effects on p-n Junctions (1967)

The greatly improved understanding of thermally oxidized silicon surfaces has led to a much clearer picture of the effects of the surface on the characteristics of p-n junctions. This paper reviews recent work in this area. The effect of surface fields on the current-voltage characteristics of p-n junctions and junction transistors is considered. It is shown that changes in these characteristics can be due to: (i) recombination-generation at the oxide-silicon interface; (ii) breakdown -- avalanche or Zener -- of the junction between inversion layer and the interior of the semiconductor induced by the incident surface fields; and (iii) modulation of the breakdown voltage of the metallurgical junction. The implications of these phenomena on the reliability of junction devices is discussed.
Lattice light-sheet microscopy: Imaging molecules to embryos at high spatiotemporal resolution (2014)

Although fluorescence microscopy provides a crucial window into the physiology of living specimens, many biological processes are too fragile, are too small, or occur too rapidly to see clearly with existing tools. We crafted ultrathin light sheets from two-dimensional optical lattices that allowed us to image three-dimensional (3D) dynamics for hundreds of volumes, often at subsecond intervals, at the diffraction limit and beyond. We applied this to systems spanning four orders of magnitude in space and time, including the diffusion of single transcription factor molecules in stem cell spheroids, the dynamic instability of mitotic microtubules, the immunological synapse, neutrophil motility in a 3D matrix, and embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. The results provide a visceral reminder of the beauty and the complexity of living systems.
Utility of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA PCR and TaqMan Automated Detection in Molecular Identification of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (1998)

We developed a method for the identification of Aspergillus fumigatus fungal isolates by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR (RAPD-PCR) cloning and the TaqMan LS50B fluorogenic detection system (Perkin-Elmer Corp., Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.). DNA from seven clinically important Aspergillus species was screened by RAPD-PCR to identify section- or species-specific amplicons. With the OPZ19 RAPD primer a 1,264-bp product was amplified from all A. fumigatus strains initially examined but not from other species. A partial DNA sequence of this product was used to design a specific primer pair, which generated a single 864-bp fragment with DNA from 90 of 100 A. fumigatus isolates when a "touchdown" (65-->55 degrees C) annealing protocol was used. The TaqMan system, a fluorogenic assay which uses the 5'-->3' endonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase, detected this 864-bp product with DNA from 89 of these 90 A. fumigatus strains; 1 DNA sample generated an indeterminate result. With DNA from three morphologically typical A. fumigatus isolates, six white ("albino") A. fumigatus isolates, and five of six Neosartorya species (non-A. fumigatus members of the section Fumigati), the 864-bp product was amplified differentially at an annealing temperature of 56 degrees C but not with the touchdown annealing format. No amplicon was detected with DNA from 56 isolates of heterologous Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces species or from Neosartorya fennelliae; TaqMan assay results were either negative (51 isolates) or indeterminate (5 isolates) for all isolates. This RAPD-PCR and TaqMan assay offers promise as a nucleic acid-based system that can be used for the identification of filamentous fungal isolates and that requires no postamplification sample manipulations.