gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superoxide radical anions on the surface of zirconia and sulfated zirconia: formation mechanisms, properties and structure (2005)

In situ ESR spectroscopy has been used for direct comparison of different thermal and light-induced processes leading to generation of superoxide radical anions on the surface of various zirconia and sulfated zirconia materials. For materials of both types the magnetic resonance parameters of the radical anions were found to be practically independent of the generation method, except for oxygen coadsorption with NO that yields radicals with somewhat smaller gz values. The parameters appear to depend mostly on the state of the surface zirconia cations stabilizing the radical anions, so that the g tensor anisotropy is significantly smaller over sulfated zirconia. It is shown that light-induced formation of superoxide radical anions in the presence of coadsorbed hydrocarbons can be initiated with visible light. Original SIET reaction mechanisms are suggested for the formation of superoxide radical anions by coadsorption with hydrocarbons and illumination after such coadsorption to extend the previously known ones to account for the observed phenomena. Cluster model DFT calculations of magnetic resonance parameters of O2- radical anions stabilized on the surface of zirconium dioxide showed that the adsorption complexes have a -shape rather than linear structure. The magnetic resonance parameters obtained by calculations practically match experimental data and adequately describe their changes after the surface modification with sulfates.
Targeting of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein to Mitochondria through a Novel C-Terminal Localization Motif (2004)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein represents the first 191 amino acids of the viral precursor polyprotein and is cotranslationally inserted into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Processing at position 179 by a recently identified intramembrane signal peptide peptidase leads to the generation and potential cytosolic release of a 179-amino-acid matured form of the core protein. Using confocal microscopy, we observed that a fraction of the mature core protein colocalized with mitochondrial markers in core-expressing HeLa cells and in Huh-7 cells containing the full-length HCV replicon. Subcellular fractionation confirmed this observation and showed that the core protein associates with purified mitochondrial fractions devoid of ER contaminants. The core protein also fractionated with mitochondrion-associated membranes, a site of physical contact between the ER and mitochondria. Using immunoelectron microscopy and in vitro mitochondrial import assays, we showed that the core protein is located on the mitochondrial outer membrane. A stretch of 10 amino acids within the hydrophobic C terminus of the processed core protein conferred mitochondrial localization when it was fused to green fluorescent protein. The location of the core protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane suggests that it could modulate apoptosis or lipid transfer, both of which are associated with this subcellular compartment, during HCV infection.
New Developments in the Field of Monoliths for Chromatography. (2010)

Monoliths are separation media in the format that can be compared to a single large “particle” that does not contain interparticular voids. As a result, all the mobile phase must flow through the stationary phase. This convective flow greatly accelerates the rate of mass transfer. In contrast to diffusion, which is the typical driving force for mass transfer within the pores of particulate stationary phases during chromatographic processes in packed columns, convective flow through the pores of monoliths enables a substantial increase in the speed of the separation.

The monolithic columns are about two decades old. Although a few approaches to monolithic stationary phases have been suggested in the past, they were not successful and research concerning the monolithic formats has started only in the late 1980s and the early 1990s. The focused work of several groups led to family of useful monoliths comprising compressed hydrophilic gels, macroporous polymer discs, columns, tubes, and silica rods. At the beginning all these new developments experienced a hard time to be accepted by the community as demonstrated with difficulties encountered during the publication of the first wave of manuscripts submitted by Stellan Hjerten, Nobuo Tanaka, and ourselves. Fortunately, the authors have been persistent, the science interesting, and the audience pre-informed about their advantages through presentations at conferences. Today, both organic and inorganic monolithic separation media are generally accepted as an alternative type of stationary phases enabling rapid separations of the wide spectrum of analytes. The number of publications concerning monolithic technologies grew steadily and the monolithic products are commercially available. A very detailed account of these materials can be found in a monograph (1) and numerous review articles (e.g.(2,3)).

Some time ago I wrote an article (4) describing the war chromatographers are waging against diffusion of analytes in the stagnant mobile phase within pores of standard packings and the new weapons they invented and used including sub 2μm particles, core/shell packings, high temperature, and monoliths. These new column technologies are being continuously perfected and the chromatographic separations are getting more efficient and faster. Here, I will focus on monoliths and let the other authors of this issue to deal with the other technologies. This article is traditionally included in LC-GC magazine that is published before the HPLC symposium held in USA (5–7). Typically, focus of these contributions was on porous polymer-based monolith treating formats such as discs, columns, capillaries, tubes, chips, etc. each separately. In contrast, the article you read today describes a few selected new developments in the field I found interesting and also includes monoliths formed from inorganic materials.
A Non-Parametric Approach to Estimating Ambient Noise Levels in the Presence of Bursty Interference (2012)

We propose a new transmitter-side approach for estimating the contribution to the packet error rate that is due to background noise, distinct from the contribution due to interference bursts. The technique relies solely on an existing data-ack handshake and the transmitters ability to adjust or monitor the packet size. One immediate application of this information is in rate adaptation. Experimental measurements with microwave oven interference are presented to demonstrate the practical utility of the proposed technique.
Transmission electron microscopy study of phase compatibility in low hysteresis shape memory alloys (2010)

Recent findings have linked low hysteresis in shape memory alloys with phase compatibility between austenite and martensite. To investigate the evolution of microstructure as phase compatibility increases and hysteresis is reduced, transmission electron microscopy was used to study the alloy system Ti50Ni50 − x Pd x , where the composition is systemically tuned to approach perfect compatibility. Changes in morphology, twinning density and twinning modes are reported, along with special microstructures occurring when compatibility is achieved. In addition, the interface between austenite and a single variant of martensite was studied by high-resolution and conventional electron microscopy. The low energy configuration of the interface detailed in this article suggests that it plays an important role in the lowering of hysteresis compared to classical habit plane interfaces.
TWO TYPES OF INDIRECT CYCLODIMERIZATION OF BIACETYL VIA ITS ENOL SILYL ETHERS (1977)

Abstract Silyl ethers of biacetyl enols, an enone 2 and a diene 3, were prepared. Cyclodimerization of 2 gave a dihydropyran 4, while reaction of 3 with 2, maleic anhydride, and ethyl acrylate gave Diels–Alder adduct 5, 8, and 9, respectively. The compounds 4 and 5 were desilylated to afford 6 and a mixture of 7 and 7′, respectively.
Performance of Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieve Catalysts for the Production of Hydrocarbons from Wood-Derived and Vegetable Oils (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPerformance of Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieve Catalysts for the Production of Hydrocarbons from Wood-Derived and Vegetable OilsSai P. R. Katikaneni, John D. Adjaye, and Narendra N. BakhshiCite this: Energy Fuels 1995, 9, 6, 1065–1078Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00054a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views436Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Thermal and Morphological Properties of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Nanocellulose Nanocomposites (2016)

In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were synthesized by acid hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder. The morphology of MCC and CNC was examined using energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). Further, poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/CNC nanocomposite was prepared using solution casting technique. The thermal properties (i.e., glass transition temperature, melting temperature, degree of crystallinity, thermal decomposition) of the PLA/CNC nanocomposites were characterized using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetry analyzer (TGA). EFTEM studies showed that the CNC exhibited needle-like structure (approximately 10-20 nm in width and 250-300 nm in length), which is a typical measurements found in wood based nanocellulose. DSC analysis showed that CNC (up to 5wt%) is capable of acting as nucleating agent for PLA. TGA analysis showed that the of decomposition temperatures PLA/CNC nanocomposites were higher than that of pure PLA.
THE ANTINATRIURETIC AND KALIURETIC EFFECTS OF THE GLUCOCORTICOIDS CORTICOSTERONE AND CORTISOL FOLLOWING PRETREATMENT WITH CARBENOXOLONE SODIUM (A LIQUORICE DERIVATIVE) IN THE ADRENALECTOMIZED RAT (1989)

Carbenoxolone Sodium (CS), a chemical derivative of liquorice is known to be associated with hypertension, increased sodium retention and hypokalemia. The present studies describe the effects of CS on the renal actions of the glucocorticoids Corticosterone (B) and Cortisol (F) on sodium and potassium in adrenalectomized male rats. B (50, 100 and 500 micrograms/rat) and F (1 mg/rat) were found to possess no intrinsic antinatriuretic activity which is represented by a decrease in the Na+ to creatinine ratio; while only B (500 micrograms/rat) demonstrated kaliuretic effects as indicated by an increase in K+ to creatinine ratios. B and F showed very significant antinatriuretic and kaliuretic properties following pretreatment with CS (2.5 mg/rat). CS alone was not found to be antinatriuretic at this dosage. Further experiments demonstrated that lower dosages of CS (500 and 1,000 micrograms/rat) also cause B to exhibit Na+ retaining and K+ excreting properties. Thus, we have demonstrated that pretreatment with CS can confer mineralocorticoid-like activity upon the glucocorticoids B and F.
Optimal wiresizing under Elmore delay model (1995)

In this paper, we study the optimal wiresizing problem under the Elmore delay model. We show that the optimal wiresizing solutions satisfy a number of interesting properties, including the separability, the monotone property, and the dominance property. Based on these properties, we have developed a polynomial-time optimal wiresizing algorithm for arbitrary interconnect tree structures under Elmore delay model. Extensive experimental results have shown that our wiresizing solution reduces interconnect delay by up to 51% when compared to the uniform-width solution of the same routing topology. Furthermore, compared to the wiresizing solution based on a simpler RC delay model our wiresizing solution reduces the total wiring area by up to 28% while further reducing the interconnect delays to the timing-critical sinks by up to 12%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stability of Mackerel Surimi Prepared under Lipid‐Stabilizing Processing Conditions (1994)

ABSTRACT Surimi from mackerel whole and light muscle was prepared under conditions designed to minimize oxidation and development of rancidity. The lipid‐stabilizing procedure included early addition of both lipid‐and water‐soluble antioxidants, avoidance of added sodium chloride, and exclusion of oxygen. Surimi prepared from light muscle was stable to rancid odor development in both the raw and cooked form; gel strength was reasonably stable during frozen storage, although the color was somewhat dark. Surimi prepared from mackerel whole muscle was darker, its odor quality lower and less consistent, and its gel strength lessened more rapidly during frozen storage than surimi prepared from light muscle.
Prediction Primary Available Blend Biodiesel of Waste Oil from Aurantiochytrium sp. for General Diesel Engines (2018)

Chemical and enzyme transesterification were compared by discussing preliminary transesterification of waste oil of Aurantiochytrium sp., which was then used in transesterification for the primary available blend biodiesel for a general diesel engine in this study. We made progress on the winterized characteristics of the waste oil’s biodiesel of Aurantiochytrium sp. and its biodiesel, which included the reactivity parameters and properties. This approach led to the development of a novel idea for the evaluation of kinetic parameters of winterization, along with obtaining the suitable operation and storage conditions of biodiesel. Therefore, the waste oil of Aurantiochytrium sp. could be developed for biodiesel production and successfully made into a suitable blend diesel. Overall, we acquired the best condition of mixtures and the highly mixed rate of petrodiesel: biodiesel = 80 : 20 (activation energy of winterization 21.32 kJ/mol; onset temperature of winterization -4.15 °C; heat of combustion 43.15 MJ/kg; kinematic viscosity 3.51 mm2/s; flash point 67.5 °C), which was an appropriate blend biodiesel from the waste oil’s biodiesel of Aurantiochytrium sp.
Macro-op scheduling: relaxing scheduling loop constraints (2004)

Ensuring back-to-back execution of dependent instructions in a conventional out-of-order processor requires scheduling logic that wakes up and selects instructions at the same rate as they are executed. To sustain high performance, integer ALU instructions typically have single-cycle latency, consequently requiring scheduling logic with the same single-cycle latency. Prior proposals have advocated the use of speculation in either the wakeup or select phases to enable pipelining of scheduling logic to achieve higher clock frequency. In contrast, this paper proposes macro-op scheduling which systematically removes instructions with single-cycle latency from the machine by combining them into macro-ops, and performs nonspeculative pipelined scheduling of multi-cycle operations. Macro-op scheduling also increases the effective size of the scheduling window by enabling multiple instructions to occupy a single issue queue entry. We demonstrate that pipelined 2-cycle macro-op scheduling performs comparably or even better than atomic scheduling or prior proposals for select-free scheduling.
Progesterone Catabolism in the Rat Ovary: A Regulatory Mechanism for Progestational Potency During Pregnancy<sup>1</sup> (1968)

Changes in rat ovarian 20α-OH-SDH3 and G-6-PDH activities as well as their intraglandular distribution during pregnancy, at parturition and during lactation have been determined concurrently with measurements of the peripheral blood and uterine tissue levels of progesterone and 20α-OH-P. In addition, effects of gonadotrophic hormones, hypophysectomy, placental dislocation and hysterectomy on the regulation of these enzyme activities have been examined. 20α-OH-SDH activity and 20α-OH-P concentrations decreased during early pregnancy as progesterone concentrations rose to a peak. At midgestation, day 7–12, a second rise in plasma progesterone occurred accompanied by an increase in 20α-OH-P. No increase in 20α-OH-SDH was evident at this time. Between days 19 and 21 progesterone levels dropped sharply coincident with a rapid rise in ovarian 20α-OH-SDH and peripheral 20α-OH-P concentration. A high positive correlation existed between plasma 20α-OH-P concentrations and ovarian 20α-OH-SDH activities. Uterine and placental steroid concentrations reflected the fluctuations seen in plasma steroid levels; however, progesterone, not 20α-OH-P, appeared to be preferentially accumulated in uterine tissue. Involuting corpora lutea present during early pregnancy gave an intense histochemical reaction for both 20α-OH-SDH and G-6-PDH, but only G-6-PDH was present in corpora lutea of pregnancy, thecal cells and interstitial tissue. At midpregnancy G-6-PDH distribution was unaltered except for its disappearance from involuting corpora lutea. 20α-OH-SDH was not detectable histochemically during midgestation. On day 19 20α-OH-SDH activity developed in small loci distributed randomly in some corpora lutea of pregnancy and became uniformly distributed within all corpora by day 21. Enzyme activity increased logarithmically during this period. Hypophysectomy did not alter the rate of enzyme increase, but delayed the time of initiation about 4 hr. Luteinizing hormones (LH and HCG) administered at midpregnancy as well as total placental dislocation and hysterectomy increase 20α-OH-SDH and G-6-PDH activities. LtH administration following hysterectomy inhibited the increases in enzyme activity. Ovarian 20α-OH-SDH in suckling mothers was only 50% of that in mothers deprived of their litters. It is concluded that progesterone catabolism to 20α-OH-P constitutes a normal regulatory mechanism for reducing the progestational potency of rat ovarian secretions during pregnancy, that ovarian 20α-OH-SDH and G-6-PDH activities are under gonadotrophic hormone regulation, and that increased 20α-OH-SDH activity provides an index of the luteolytic process. (Endocrinology82: 844, 1968)
Markov Chain Model Development for Forecasting Air Pollution Index of Miri, Sarawak (2019)

A Markov chain is commonly used in stock market analysis, manpower planning, and in many other areas because of its efficiency in predicting long run behavior. However, the Air Quality Index (AQI) suffers from not using a Markov chain in its forecasting approach. Therefore, this paper proposes a simple forecasting tool to predict the future air quality with a Markov chain model. The proposed method introduces the Markov chain as an operator to evaluate the distribution of the pollution level in the long term. Initial state vector and state transition probability were used in forecasting the behavior of Air Pollution Index (API) that has been obtained from the observed frequency for one state shift to another. The study explores that regardless of the present status of API, in the long run, the index shows a probability of 0.9231 for a good state, and a moderate and unhealthy state with a probability of 0.0722 and 0.0037, while for very unhealthy and hazardous states a probability of 0.0001 and 0.0009. The outcome of this study reveals that the model development could be used as a forecasting method that able to help government to project a prevention action plan during hazy weather.
Economical investigation of solar water distillation in Egypt (1976)

Many ways of solar water distillation have been suggested but most of them are either too expensive or only a practical solution to different processes under investigation. Solar heat distillation has a bright future because the greatest potential needs appear to be in those sections where the availability of solar energy is high and the availability of potable water is low as in our Egyptian deserts where the solar intensity has a yearly mean value of about 6000 kcal/(m/sup 2/day). The solar distillation method has a number of economic characteristics which are different from other sea water conversion methods, including: The processing equipment is very simple and results in low equipment costs. No special skills are required for both erection and operation. It can be used with saline water of wide range of salt concentration. The still design is essentially modular, and can be made to meet any desired capacity. Scale formation and corrosion are minor problems as compared with other methods. Power requirements are negligible. The cost of unit construction is not markedly influenced by the size of the still. The lack of quantitative and operative data of solar water distillation techniques with respect to their cost needs in investigation from the economical standpoint of view in Egypt. The subject of this work is to find the order of magnitude of the fresh water cost by solar distillation.
Urea transporters in kidney and erythrocytes (1997)

Physiological and molecular data demonstrate that urea transport in kidney and erythrocytes is regulated by specific urea transporter proteins. The urea transporter in the terminal inner medullary collecting duct permits very high rates of regulated transepithelial urea transport and results in the delivery of large amounts of urea into the deepest portions of the inner medulla, where it is needed to maintain a high interstitial osmolality for concentrating the urine maximally. The urea transporter in erythrocytes permits these cells to lose urea rapidly as they ascend through the ascending vasa recta, thereby preventing loss of urea from the medulla. Urea lost from the medulla would decrease concentrating ability by decreasing the efficiency of countercurrent exchange, as occurs in individuals who lack the Kidd antigen. The recent cloning of cDNAs for these two urea transporters has begun to yield new insights into the mechanisms underlying acute and long-term regulation of urea transport and should permit exciting new insights in the future. This review focuses on the physiological and biophysical evidence that established the concept of urea transporters, the subsequent cloning of cDNAs for urea transporters, and the recent integrative studies into the regulation of urea transport. We also propose a new systematic nomenclature and a new structural model for urea transporters.