gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Real-Time Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning System and Road Test Results (2006)

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has received wide attention in the past several years as one of the next generation RTK technologies. PPP can offer great flexibility and cost-saving to field positioning work as it can eliminates the need to deploy base stations. Centimetre to decimetre accurate positioning accuracy has been widely demonstrated for PPP using a dual-frequency GPS receiver. The requirement of a dual-frequency GPS receiver in PPP is for the elimination of the ionospheric effect, currently the largest error source in GPS measurements. Considering the fact that the majority of GPS receivers in use are single-frequency type, it is beneficial to investigate methods and algorithms for PPP using only a single-frequency GPS receiver. The emergence of precise ionospheric products has also pushed for research work on this direction. The major objective of this paper is to describe the development of a real-time single-frequency PPP system and test results under road and marine conditions. The paper will begin with an outline of the real-time singlefrequency PPP system including the observation and positioning models and error mitigation strategies which are essential to achieve the best position accuracy possible. Due to significant horizontal gradients in ionospheric densities, ionospheric gradient has been taken into account in the position determination and can be estimated in addition to zenith ionospheric parameters. Road testing of the real-time single-frequency PPP system has been conducted to assess its performance. The road environments include signal attention, blockage as well as multipath which represent real application environments. The marine tests were conducted independently by a third party under operational conditions. Both test results have demonstrated decimetre to sub-metre accuracy which is very encouraging since so far only accuracy at sub-metre to several metres has been demonstrated for point positioning using a single-frequency GPS receiver.
Applications of metal oxide materials in dye sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells for making solar fuels: let the molecules do the work (2013)

Solar fuels hold great promise as a permanent, environmentally friendly, long-term renewable energy source, that would be readily available across the globe. In this account, an approach to solar fuels is described based on Dye Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells (DSPEC) that mimic the configuration used in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), but with the goal of producing oxygen and a high energy solar fuel in the separate compartments of a photoelectrochemical cell rather than a photopotential and photocurrent.
Influence of Complexing Agents and pH on Yttrium−Iron Garnet Synthesized by the Sol−Gel Method (1997)

A systematic study of the sol−gel technique for the synthesis of Y3Fe5O12 is presented, using two different complexing agents (citric acid and malonic acid) and adding two different alcohols (ethylene glycol and glycerol). The influence of the pH value of the initial solution on the final product is also studied. Yttrium−iron garnet YIG is obtained from the gels by heating above 650 °C in air atmosphere. Samples are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The crystallite size and the lattice parameter are also determined, and their dependence on the synthesis conditions is studied.
Disambiguating speech commands using physical context (2007)

Speech has great potential as an input mechanism for ubiquitous computing. However, the current requirements necessary for accurate speech recognition, such as a quiet environment and a well-positioned and high-quality microphone, are unreasonable to expect in a realistic setting. In a physical environment, there is often contextual information which can be sensed and used to augment the speech signal. We investigated improving speech recognition rates for an electronic personal trainer using knowledge about what equipment was in use as context. We performed an experiment with participants speaking in an instrumented apartment environment and compared the recognition rates of a larger grammar with those of a smaller grammar that is determined by the context.
Endosomal Transport of ErbB-2: Mechanism for Nuclear Entry of the Cell Surface Receptor (2005)

The cell membrane receptor ErbB-2 migrates to the nucleus. However, the mechanism of its nuclear translocation is unclear. Here, we report a novel mechanism of its nuclear localization that involves interaction with the transport receptor importin beta1, nuclear pore protein Nup358, and a host of players in endocytic internalization. Knocking down importin beta1 using small interfering RNA oligonucleotides or inactivation of small GTPase Ran by RanQ69L, a dominant-negative mutant of Ran, causes a nuclear transport defect of ErbB-2. Mutation of a putative nuclear localization signal in ErbB-2 destroys its interaction with importin beta1 and arrests nuclear translocation, while inactivation of nuclear export receptor piles up ErbB-2 within the nucleus. Additionally, blocking of internalization by a dominant-negative mutant of dynamin halts its nuclear localization. Thus, the cell membrane-embedded ErbB-2, through endocytosis using the endocytic vesicle as a vehicle, importin beta1 as a driver and Nup358 as a traffic light, migrates from the cell surface to the nucleus. This novel mechanism explains how a receptor tyrosine kinase on the cell surface can be translocated into the nucleus. This pathway may serve as a general mechanism to allow direct communication between cell surface receptors and the nucleus, and our findings thus open a new era in understanding direct trafficking between the cell membrane and nucleus.
Rapid solidification (1982)

Points of progress in current understanding of rapid liquid to solid transformation are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on those aspects of the emerging science that would permit development of guidelines and predictive models for alloy design and process control to achieve desired microstructures and properties. Recently available computerbased phase-stability data compilations could be coupled to predictive models to provide a complete description of phase relations (both equilibrium and metastable) for design of new alloys. Heat-flow models are now available for the rapid solidification of ribbons, surface layers, and atomized droplets. These models predict strict limitations on achievable cooling rates in the various processes. The need to balance emphasis on heat-extraction rate and other factors, such as nucleation rate and undercooling governing the attainment of unique microstructures, is now clearly recognized. The extension of morphological stability theory to high interface velocities has shown that plane-front solidification becomes increasingly stable with increasing interface velocity. While some metastable structures obtained during rapid solidification indicate departures from local equilibrium at the solid/liquid interface, the exact form or magnitude of these departures are not known. Amorphous solidification in the presence of a crystalline phase can now be explained in term s of thermodynamically forbidden regions of a phase diagram for partitionless solidification of a single phase. Microstructural observations made on submicrometre powders are discussed with particular reference to recent theoretical developments in interface stability and heat-flow concepts. Finally, the potential for coupling non-destructive testing for online control of parameters during rapid solidification processing is noted.
Induction of parturitionin cattle with prostaglandin F<SUB><SUB>2α</SUB></SUB> (1976)

Prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α)を用いて牛の分娩誘起を試み,次の成績を得た。1. 妊娠116~159日の経産牛3頭において,総量25mgのPGF2αを6時間の間隔で3回分割子宮内注入し,うち1頭には21時間後に10mgを追加投与した結果,処置後51~91時間に流産が起こった。2. 妊娠252~258日の経産牛3頭,未経産牛2頭において,4頭には総量20~30mgのPGF2αを9~12時間の間隔で3回分割子宮内注入し,うち2頭にはそれぞれ26, 31時間後に10mgを追加投与した結果,処置後39~108時間に生存子牛が娩出された。他の1頭には10mgを1回筋肉注射して,69時間後に同量の追加投与を行った結果,処置後118時間に分娩が誘起された。3. 妊娠272~276日の経産牛2頭,未経産牛3頭において,4頭には10~15mgのPGF2αを1回,あるいは3時間の間隔で2回分割筋肉注射し,他の1頭には20mgを12時間の間隔で2回分割子宮内注入した結果,処置後29~49時間に生存子牛が娩出された。4. 妊娠後期に処置した牛10頭の後産排出はいずれも遅延して,分娩後2~6日以降にみられた。5. 末梢血中progesteroneの濃度はPGF2α投与前の3.6~5.3ng/mlから,投与後6~12時間には1.3~2.0ng/mlに急激に低下した。なお,頸管の ?? 開は1ng/mlある5いはそれ以下の濃度がしばらく続いた後に起こった。
Favourable results of acrylic cementation for giant cell tumors (1984)

A consecutive series from two university hospitals of 50 patients with giant cell tumors was reviewed and histologically reconfirmed. The patients treated with curettage and acrylic cement were re-examined concerning function. Two of 14 cemented tumors had recurred but could be treated by additional cementation, so that no final failure of this method had occurred, compared to one of 19 radically resected and 12 of 22 with bone-graft after curettage. Joint function was normal in 11 and radiographic arthrosis of low grade was found in only two of 14 patients. It is concluded that this method gives a minimum of recurrence and a maximum of function. It is suggested that the old name of "giant cell sarcoma" should be reintroduced, bringing the tumor into the group of low-grade sarcomas where it belongs.
Kinetic and Stoichiometric Analysis for the Binding of Escherichia coli Ribonuclease HI to RNA-DNA Hybrids Using Surface Plasmon Resonance (1997)

To understand how ribonucleases H recognize RNA-DNA hybrid substrates, we analyzed kinetic parameters of binding of Escherichia coli RNase HI to RNA-DNA hybrids ranging in length from 18 to 36 base pairs (bp) using surface plasmon resonance (BIAcoreTM). The kon and koff values for the binding of the enzyme to the 36-bp substrate were 1.5 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 3.2 x 10(-2) s-1, respectively. Similar values were obtained with the shorter substrates. Using uncleavable 2'-O-methylated RNA-DNA substrates, values for kon and koff were 2.1 x 10(5) M-1 s-1 and 1.3 x 10(-1) s-1 in the absence of Mg2+ that were further reduced in the presence of Mg2+ to 7.4 x 10(3) M-1 s-1 and 2.6 x 10(-2) s-1. Kinetic parameters similar to the wild-type enzyme were obtained using an active-site mutant enzyme, Asp134 replaced by Ala, whereas a greatly reduced on-rate was observed for another inactive mutant enzyme, in which the basic protrusion is eliminated, thereby distinguishing between poor catalysis and inability to bind to the substrate. Stoichiometric analyses of RNase HI binding to substrates of 18, 24, 30, and 36 bp are consistent with previous reports suggesting that RNase HI binds to 9-10 bp of RNA-DNA hybrid.
Up-Scaling Process of Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells and Modules in Industrial PECVD KAI Systems (2006)

Amorphous silicon p-i-n solar cells and modules have been developed in small R& D KAI reactors. Test cells of 0.25 mum thick i-layer exceed 10 % initial efficiencies and stabilized ones of 8.2 %. The a-Si:H deposition process is successfully transferred to industrial size substrates of 1.4 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area resulting in initial module powers of 106.4 W using a commercial TCO front AFG and, recently, 104.1 W using in-house developed LPCVD front ZnO. For both modules our in-house LPCVD ZnO has been applied as back contact. The former large-area module passed successfully the damp-heat test. Entirely microcrystalline p-i-n cells with an efficiency of 8.5 % could be prepared in a single-chamber KAI-S reactor. Micromorph tandems resulted in initial cell efficiencies of 10.7 %, whereas mini-modules lead to initial aperture efficiencies of 10.2 %
Modeling of Grid-Connected DFIG-Based Wind Turbines for DC-Link Voltage Stability Analysis (2015)

The electromagnetic stability issues of the grid-connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) system are usually overlooked. This paper presents a reduced order small-signal model that can be used to analyze the stability of DFIGs dc-link voltage control system, especially under weak ac grid conditions. This model neglects DFIG flux and fast current control dynamics. However, the effects of operating points, grid strengths and control loops interactions on system dynamic performance are taken into account. An eigenvalue comparison shows the proposed model holds dominant oscillation mode featured by the detailed model and is suitable for stability analysis of dc-link voltage control system of DFIG. Influence coefficients reflecting control loops interactions are also presented. Application studies of the proposed model show it is suitable for illustrating the effect of grid strength on dynamic performance of the DFIGs dc-link voltage control system. Meanwhile, phase-locked loop (PLL) and rotor-side converter (RSC) active power control (APC)/reactive power controls (RPC) effect on system stability are also explored.
Preferential localization of a vesicular monoamine transporter to dense core vesicles in PC12 cells. (1994)

Neurons and endocrine cells have two types of secretory vesicle that undergo regulated exocytosis. Large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) store neural peptides whereas small clear synaptic vesicles store classical neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and glutamate. However, monoamines differ from other classical transmitters and have been reported to appear in both LDCVs and smaller vesicles. To localize the transporter that packages monoamines into secretory vesicles, we have raised antibodies to a COOH-terminal sequence from the vesicular amine transporter expressed in the adrenal gland (VMAT1). Like synaptic vesicle proteins, the transporter occurs in endosomes of transfected CHO cells, accounting for the observed vesicular transport activity. In rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, the transporter occurs principally in LDCVs by both immunofluorescence and density gradient centrifugation. Synaptic-like microvesicles in PC12 cells contain relatively little VMAT1. The results appear to account for the storage of monoamines by LDCVs in the adrenal medulla and indicate that VMAT1 provides a novel membrane protein marker unique to LDCVs.
Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias: The Incidence, Clinical and Electrophysiologic Characteristics, and the Predictors (2011)

TICMP was relatively common (∼1 in every 15 patients) in our study population. The predictors of TICMP were male gender, absence of symptoms, PVC burden of ≥16%, persistence of PVCs throughout the day, and the presence of repetitive monomorphic VT.
Photochromism of triangle terthiophene derivatives as molecular re-routerElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: analytical data for 1a, 2a and 3a. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b311334e/ (2003)

2,2[prime or minute]-3,3[double prime]-Terthiophene derivatives undergo photochemically reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions. The absorption peak wavelength changed systematically with substitution of the phenyl rings at 5-, 5[prime or minute]- and 5[double prime]-positions of the thiophene rings, which indicates re-routing of the [small pi]-conjugation system.
Purification and characterization of annexin proteins from bovine lung (1990)

Calcium-dependent association with a detergent-extracted particulate fraction was used as the first step in the purification of a group of phospholipid binding proteins. Elution of the detergent-insoluble fraction with excess ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) resulted in the release of several soluble proteins, termed calcium-activated proteins or CAPs. In the present paper, we describe the simultaneous purification of these CAPs and characterize their interaction with phospholipid, actin, and calmodulin. Partial sequence analysis has identified the majority of the CAPs as members of the annexin family of calcium and phospholipid binding proteins. Two additional CAPs may be novel proteins, one of which appears to be an annexin protein. All CAPs demonstrated Ca2(+)-dependent binding to phosphatidylserine vesicles but did not bind to phosphatidylcholine vesicles. The majority of CAPs exhibited Ca2(+)-dependent binding to F-actin; however, only CAP-III affected the rate of conversion of G-actin to F-actin. The interaction of CAP-III and lipocortin-85 with F-actin resulted in a Ca2(+)-dependent increase in both light scattering and sedimentation of F-actin under comparatively low centrifugal force. In contrast, only lipocortin-85 caused the formation of F-actin bundles. Although all of the CAPs bound to a calmodulin affinity column in a Ca2(+)-dependent manner, attempts to demonstrate binding of CAPs to native calmodulin were unsuccessful. These studies therefore document the similar behavior of the CAPs toward phospholipid and calmodulin but clearly show that F-actin binding or bundling is not a general property of these proteins. The reported purification procedure should allow further comparative studies of these proteins.
SHP-2 Tyrosine Phosphatase as an Intracellular Target of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> CagA Protein (2002)

Helicobacter pylori CagA protein is associated with severe gastritis and gastric carcinoma. CagA is injected from the attached Helicobacter pylori into host cells and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation. Wild-type but not phosphorylation-resistant CagA induced a growth factor-like response in gastric epithelial cells. Furthermore, CagA formed a physical complex with the SRC homology 2 domain (SH2)-containing tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and stimulated the phosphatase activity. Disruption of the CagA-SHP-2 complex abolished the CagA-dependent cellular response. Conversely, the CagA effect on cells was reproduced by constitutively active SHP-2. Thus, upon translocation, CagA perturbs cellular functions by deregulating SHP-2.
A Turbine-Speed Pump for Vehicle Transmission Use (1967)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A turbine-speed, variable-displacement, high pressure hydraulic pump is currently being developed at Battelle Memorial Institute under contract with the U. S. Army Tank-Automotive Command. This pump is intended to operate over a pressure range of 2000-8000 psi at constant power and will utilize conventional petroleum-base fluids. The basic concept is a small-diameter, two-lobed vane pump capable of stepless variation in displacement.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The pump is intended for possible use in land-vehicle transmission systems. It is anticipated that the pump will have efficiencies competitive with or exceeding conventional speed pumps, will be lighter and smaller, and can be driven at gas turbine speeds.</div>
Damage-Free Cleaning of Sub-50 nm Devices Using Directed Megasonics Technology in a Single Wafer Processor (2005)

Introduction It has been well established that single wafer cleaning tools can achieve reduced cycle times and improved cleaning performance relative to batch tools. Recently, a unique immersion-based single wafer processor, the Emersion, was shown to achieve damage-free megasonic cleaning of sub-50 nm device structures with a corresponding high particle removal efficiency (PRE) [1]. In this paper, we investigate the mechanisms of cleaning and damage-free processing with the Emersion multiple transducer chamber. We present particle removal efficiency, sonoluminescence imaging data, and megasonics damage results for a wide range of operating conditions. These results are used to propose a model for the operation of the multiple transducers in the chamber.
Loss-factor behavior of freshwater ice at 13.5 and 37.5 GHz (1998)

Measurements of loss factor of freshwater ice at 13.5 and 37.5 GHz are described. The existence of temperature loss-factor hysteresis was found. Double difference of loss-factor value at the same temperature was observed. Thus, the electromagnetic losses may depend on the ice-specimen temperature history.
Connector interconnections to transmission lines for 40 Gb/s broadband applications (2003)

The electrical performance of Sub-Miniature Coaxial Connector (SMCC) interconnections to transmission lines was investigated in a frequency range up to 50 GHz. A family of test coupons was built to evaluate the following design parameters of SMCC connector interfaces: transmission line structures, solder pad shapes and structures, SMCC connector structures and grounding of the SMCC housing. Electromagnetic 3D full-wave solver (HFSS) was used not only to elucidate the main design factors affecting the electrical performance of the interconnection but also to compare between model results and measured S-parameters. Low-loss SMCC interconnections to well designed Grounded Co-Planar Waveguide (GCPW) and microstrip transmission lines were achieved without significant resonances up to a frequency range of 50 GHz. Grounding between the SMCC connector housing and bottom ground plane of the transmission line was found to be the most critical factor for electrical loss. Transmission line design and connector structure details were also found to have a significant impact on performance.
Proposal for a new domestic automation networking system (1998)

In this paper we present the features of the Newcastle University domestic area network (NUDAN)-a newly proposed home automation networking system. The system is designed to produce a highly functional, low cost network, which remains capable of evolving to encompass new ideas and technologies.
Plasma Leptin Association with Body Composition and Energy Expenditure in Sickle Cell Disease (2000)

Once corrected for body composition, mean plasma leptin concentration was significantly lower among female SCD patients than among non-SCD matched controls. Although REE was higher in SCD patients, there is no simple association between leptin and REE in SCD.
Selection Rules for the High Harmonic Generation Spectra (1998)

For three-dimensional many-electron time periodic Hamiltonians which are invariant under dynamical symmetry of order $N$ we prove that only the $(\mathrm{nN}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\mathrm{th}$, $n\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1,2,\dots{},$ harmonics are generated. We discuss the application of the dynamical symmetry based selection rules to the generation of high harmonics by thin crystals. The derived selection rules are demonstrated numerically for a one-dimensional model, showing that the dynamically symmetric systems can be used not only as ``filters'' of the very high harmonics but also as their ``amplifiers.''
An Autotuning Digital Controller for DC–DC Power Converters Based on Online Frequency-Response Measurement (2009)

This paper describes a hardware-description-language-coded autotuning algorithm for digital PID-controlled DC-DC power converters based on online frequency-response measurement. The algorithm determines the PID controller parameters required to maximize the closed-loop bandwidth of the feedback control system while maintaining user-specified stability margins and integral-based no-limit-cycling criteria, as well as ensuring single-crossover-frequency operation and sufficiently high loop gain magnitude at low frequencies. Experimental results are provided for five different pulsewidth-modulated DC-DC converters, including a well-damped synchronous buck, a lightly damped synchronous buck with and without a poorly damped input filter, a boost operating in continuous-conduction mode, and a boost operating in discontinuous-conduction mode.