gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>CUPULIFORMIS</i> establishes lateral organ boundaries in <i>Antirrhinum</i> (2004)

Cupuliformis mutants are defective in shoot apical meristem formation, but cup plants overcome this early barrier to development to reach maturity. CUP encodes a NAC-domain transcription factor, homologous to the Petunia NAM and Arabidopsis CUC proteins. The phenotype of cup mutants differs from those of nam and cuc1 cuc2 in that dramatic organ fusion is observed throughout development. In addition to cotyledon and floral organ fusions, severe lateral organ fusion is found in leaves and inflorescences, and the apical meristem becomes highly fasciated. These features reveal a role for CUP in the establishment of all above ground organ boundaries. Consistent with this function, CUP is expressed at the boundaries of all lateral organs and meristems. It is not currently known how NAC-domain genes act to establish organ boundaries. Here, we show that CUP directly interacts with a TCP-domain transcription factor. Members of the TCP-domain family have previously been shown to regulate organ outgrowth. Our results suggest a model for the establishment of organ boundaries based on the localised expression of NAC-domain and TCP-domain factors.
Applications of polytopic approximations of reachable sets to linear dynamic games and a class of nonlinear systems (2004)

This paper presents applications of polytopic approximation methods for reachable set computations using dynamic optimization. The problem of computing exact reachable sets can be formulated in terms of Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation (PDE). Numerical solutions, which provide convergent approximations of this PDE, have computational complexity, which is exponential in the continuous variable dimension. Using dynamic optimization and polytopic approximation, computationally efficient algorithms for overapproximative reachability analysis have been developed for linear dynamical systems by P. Varaiya (1998). In this paper, we show that these can be extended to feedback linearizable nonlinear systems, linear dynamic games, and norm-bounded nonlinear systems. Three illustrative examples are presented.
Small-Scale Low Cost Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems (2005)

Tasks carried out during the reporting period March 2005-August 2005 are summarized. During this reporting period, the primary focus was on tasks leading to the fabrication of a proof-of-concept (POC) unit with HPD5R1 cells. Assembly of the POC unit was completed and the initial operation was started. Optimization of HPD cell design, investigation of scandia doped zirconia and low temperature operation of YSZ electrolyte based cells continued. Development of seal to be used in a ''once-thru'' design or an ''up-down'' design was started. Attachment 1 describes the progress in cell development and Attachments 2 and 3 deal with status of generator and BOP design. Operation of POC is summarized in Attachment 4. Plans for future work are summarized in Attachment 5.
Study of NiCuZn ferrite powders and films prepared by sol—gel method (2011)

This paper reports that a series of NiCuZn ferrite powders and films are prepared by using sol-gel method. The effects of raw material composition and the calcinate temperature on magnetic properties of them are investigated. The NiCuZn ferrite powders are prepared by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method and subsequently heated at 700 degrees C similar to 1000 degrees C. The results show that NiCuZn ferrite powders with single spinel phase can be formed after heat-treating at 750 degrees C. Powders obtained from Ni(0.4)Cu(0.2)Zn(0.4)Fe(1.9)O(4) gel have better magnetic properties than those from gels with other composition. After heat-treating at 900 degrees C for 3 h, coercivity H(c) and saturation magnetization M(s) are 9.7 Oe (1 Oe = 80 A/m) and 72.4 emu/g, respectively. Different from the powders, NiCuZn films produced on Si (100) from the Ni(0.4)Cu(0.2)Zn(0.4)Fe(2)O(4) gel formed at room temperature possess high properties. When heat-treating condition is around 600 degrees C for 6 min, samples with low H(c) and high M(s) will be obtained. The minimal H(c) is 16.7 Oe and M(s) is about 300 emu/cm(3). In comparison with the films prepared through long-time heat treating, the films prepared through short heat-treating time exhibits better soft magnetic properties.
Multifunctional Protocells for Enhanced Penetration in 3D Extracellular Tumoral Matrices (2017)

The high density of the extracellular matrix in solid tumors is an important obstacle to nanocarriers for reaching deep tumor regions and has severely limited the efficacy of administrated nanotherapeutics. The use of proteolytic enzymes prior to nanoparticle administration or directly attached to the nanocarrier surface has been proposed to enhance their penetration, but the low in vivo stability of these macromolecules compromises their efficacy and strongly limits their application. Herein, we have designed a multifunctional nanocarrier able to transport cytotoxic drugs to deep areas of solid tumors and once there, to be engulfed by tumoral cells causing their destruction. This system is based on mesoporous silica nanocarriers encapsulated within supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). The SLB avoids premature release of the housed drug while providing high colloidal stability and an easy to functionalize surface. The tumor penetration property is provided by attachment of engineered polymeric nanocapsules that transport and controllably unveil and release the proteolytic enzymes that in turn digest the extracellular matrix, facilitating the nanocarrier diffusion through the matrix. Additionally, targeting properties were endowed by conjugating an antibody specific to the investigated tumoral cells to enhance binding, internalization, and drug delivery. This multifunctional design improves the therapeutic efficacy of the transported drug as a consequence of its more homogeneous distribution throughout the tumoral tissue.
Hybrid packet/fluid flow network simulation (2003)

Packet level discrete event network simulators use an event to model the movement of each packet in the network. This results in accurate models, but requires that many events are executed to simulate large, high bandwidth networks. Fluid-based network simulators abstract the model to consider only changes in rates of traffic flows. This can result in large performance advantages, though information about the individual packets is lost making this approach inappropriate for many simulation and emulation studies. We present a hybrid model in which packet flows and fluid flows coexist and interact. This enables studies to be performed with background traffic modelled using fluid flows and foreground traffic modelled at the packet level. Results presented show up to 20 times speedup using this technique. Accuracy is within 4% for latency and 15% for jitter in many cases.
Dual regulation of a heat shock promoter during embryogenesis: stage‐dependent role of heat shock elements (1998)

Transgenic tobacco expression was analysed of chimeric genes with point mutations in the heat shock element (HSE) arrays of a small heat shock protein (sHSP) gene from sunflower: Ha hsp17.7 G4. The promoter was developmentally regulated during zygotic embryogenesis and responded to heat stress in vegetative tissues. Mutations in the HSE affected nucleotides crucial for human heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) binding. They abolished the heat shock response of Ha hsp17.7 G4 and produced expression changes that demonstrated dual regulation of this promoter during embryogenesis. Thus, whereas activation of the chimeric genes during early maturation stages did not require intact HSE, expression at later desiccation stages was reduced by mutations in both the proximal (-57 to -89) and distal (-99 to -121) HSE. In contrast, two point mutations in the proximal HSE that did not severely affect gene expression during zygotic embryogenesis, eliminated the heat shock response of the same chimeric gene in vegetative organs. Therefore, by site-directed mutagenesis, it was possible to separate the heat shock response of Ha hsp17.7 G4 from its developmental regulation. The results indicate the co-existence, in a single promoter, of HSF-dependent and -independent regulation mechanisms that would control sHSP gene expression at different stages during plant embryogenesis.
Transparent Alumina: A Light‐Scattering Model (2003)

A model based on Rayleigh–Gans–Debye light‐scattering theory has been developed to describe the light transmission properties of fine‐grained, fully dense, polycrystalline ceramics consisting of birefringent crystals. This model extends light transmission models based on geometrical optics, which are valid only for coarse‐grained microstructures, to smaller crystal sizes. We verify our model by measuring the light transmission properties of fully dense (>99.99%), polycrystalline α‐Al 2 O 3 (PCA) with mean crystal sizes ranging from 60 to 0.3 μm. The remarkable transparency exhibited by PCA samples with small crystal sizes (<2 μm) is well explained by this model.
Fabrication of 3D micro-structures in polymer photovoltaic devices based on soft nanoimprint lithography technology (2007)

A nano-imprint lithography (NIL) technology is approached to fabricate the organic hetereo-structure of the photovoltaic (PV) device. Experimental results reveal that fabrication of PV devices can improve its power conversion.
Interferon-α Induces Neurotoxicity Through Activation of the Type I Receptor and the GluN2A Subunit of the NMDA Receptor (2014)

Elevated levels of interferon-alpha (IFNα) in the central nervous system (CNS) are linked to cognitive dysfunction in patients with inflammatory CNS diseases such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Increased CNS IFNα has also been found to be associated with cognitive dysfunction in a HAND mouse model. Here, we corroborate previous studies showing a dose-dependent decrease in dendritic branching and length caused by IFNα treatment and extend those studies. Because both direct and indirect mechanisms of IFNα-induced neurotoxicity are likely involved, the cell signaling pathway involving the IFNα receptor (IFNAR) was initially evaluated. Rat neuronal cultures exposed to IFNα demonstrate increased phosphorylation of STAT1 and increased interferon stimulating gene 15 (ISG15) expression, indicators of IFNAR engagement. However, specific blocking antibodies to the IFNAR were found to only partially protect neurons from IFNα-induced neurotoxicity. Additionally, inhibiting the GluN2A subunit of N-methyl-D-asparate receptor (NMDAR) was also found to be partially protective against IFNα-induced neurotoxicity compared with the GluN2B subunit. Neurotoxicity is evident in neurons extracted from IFNAR KO mice treated with IFNα as well, further indicating that IFNAR signaling is not required for IFNα neurotoxicity. The neurotoxic actions of IFNα are mediated through both the IFNAR as well as the GluN2A subunit of the NMDAR to reduce dendritic arborization in neurons. Complete protection from IFNα-induced neurotoxicity was demonstrated when both pathways were blocked. Blocking these pathways could lead to potential therapies for cognitive dysfunction during neuroinflammation and specifically lead to better treatments for HAND.
Dilute Acid and Autohydrolysis Pretreatment (2009)

Exposure of cellulosic biomass to temperatures of about 120-210 degrees C can remove most of the hemicellulose and produce cellulose-rich solids from which high glucose yields are possible with cellulase enzymes. Furthermore, the use of dilute sulfuric acid in this pretreatment operation can increase recovery of hemicellulose sugars substantially to about 85-95% of the maximum possible versus only about 65% if no acid is employed. The use of small-diameter tubes makes it possible to employ high solids concentrations similar to those preferred for commercial operations, with rapid heat-up, good temperature control, and accurate closure of material balances. Mixed reactors can be employed to pretreat larger amounts of biomass than possible in such small-diameter tubes, but solids concentrations are limited to about 15% or less to provide uniform temperatures. Pretreatment of large amounts of biomass at high solids concentrations is best carried out using direct steam injection and rapid pressure release, but closure of material balances in such "steam gun" devices is more difficult. Although flow of water alone or containing dilute acid is not practical commercially, such flow-through configurations provide valuable insight into biomass deconstruction kinetics not possible in the batch tubes, mixed reactors, or steam gun systems.
Structures of membrane proteins (2010)

In reviewing the structures of membrane proteins determined up to the end of 2009, we present in words and pictures the most informative examples from each family. We group the structures together according to their function and architecture to provide an overview of the major principles and variations on the most common themes. The first structures, determined 20 years ago, were those of naturally abundant proteins with limited conformational variability, and each membrane protein structure determined was a major landmark. With the advent of complete genome sequences and efficient expression systems, there has been an explosion in the rate of membrane protein structure determination, with many classes represented. New structures are published every month and more than 150 unique membrane protein structures have been determined. This review analyses the reasons for this success, discusses the challenges that still lie ahead, and presents a concise summary of the key achievements with illustrated examples selected from each class.
New Polymorph of the Highly Efficient LED-Phosphor SrSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> – Polytypism of a Layered Oxonitridosilicate (2013)

SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ is an outstanding yellow emitting phosphor material with practical relevance for application in high power phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes. The triclinic compound exhibits high thermal and chemical stability and quantum efficiency above 90% and can be excited by GaN-based UV to blue LEDs efficiently. We have now discovered a hitherto unknown monoclinic polymorph of SrSi2O2N2, synthesized by solid-state reaction, which is characterized by an alternating stacking sequence of silicate layers made up of condensed SiON3 tetrahedra and metal-ion layers. As proven by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the arrangement of the silicate layers is significantly different from the triclinic polymorph. The translation period along the stacking direction is doubled in the monoclinic modification (P21, Z = 8, a = 7.1036(14), b = 14.078(3), c = 7.2833(15) Å, β = 95.23(3)°, V = 725.3(3) Å3). TEM investigations in combination with HRTEM-image simulations confirm the structure model. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the volume fractions of the monoclinic and triclinic modifications are approximately equal in the corresponding powder sample. The emission wavelength of 532 nm (fwhm ∼2600 cm–1) as determined by single-crystal luminescence measurements of the monoclinic phase exhibits a shift to smaller wavelengths by ∼5 nm compared to the triclinic polymorph. Differences of the luminescence properties between the monoclinic and triclinic phase are interpreted with respect to the differing coordination of Eu2+ in both phases. The new monoclinic SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ polymorph is a very attractive phosphor material for the enhancement of color rendition of white-light pc-LEDs.
A lightwave 3D plug-in for modeling long hair on virtual humans (2003)

Multimedia applications today make use of virtual humans. Generating realistic virtual humans is a challenging problem owing to a number of factors, one being the simulation of realistic hair. The difficulty in simulating hair is due to the physical properties of hair. The average human head holds thousands of hairs, with the width of each hair often smaller than the size of a pixel. There are also complex lighting effects that occur within hair. This paper presents a LightWave 3D plug-in for modeling thousands of individual hairs on virtual humans. The plug-in allows the user to specify the length, thickness and distribution of the hair, as well as the number of segments a hair is made up of. The plug-in is able to add hairs to a head model, which the user then modifies to define a hairstyle. The hairs are then multiplied by the plug-in to produce many hairs. By providing a plug-in that does most of the work and produces realistic results, the user is able to produce a hairstyle without modeling each individual strand of hair. This greatly reduces the time spent on hair modeling, and makes the possibility of adding realistic long hair to virtual humans reasonable.
Seismic attenuation tomography by use of amplitude attenuation and pulse broadening (1993)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993Seismic attenuation tomography by use of amplitude attenuation and pulse broadeningAuthors: Toshiki WatanabeKoichi SassaToshiki WatanabeKyoto University, Japan and Koichi SassaKyoto University, Japanhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822477 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822477FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byReflection attenuation tomographyHongmei Cao, Hua‐wei Zhou, and Fred Hilterman14 September 2007Estimation of velocity and attenuation coefficient maps from crosswell seismic dataRené-Edouard Plessix20 October 2006 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 71, No. 6The effects of fracture roughness on P-wave velocityEngineering Geology, Vol. 63, No. 3-4Seismic attenuation tomography and its application to rock mass evaluationInternational Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 33, No. 5 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993 ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645 Copyright: 1993 Pages: 1396 publication data© 1993 Copyright © 1993 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Toshiki Watanabe and Koichi Sassa, (1993), "Seismic attenuation tomography by use of amplitude attenuation and pulse broadening," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 33-36. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822477 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Simultaneous measurement of triboelectrification and triboluminescence of crystalline materials (2018)

Triboelectrification has been studied for over 2500 years, yet there is still a lack of fundamental understanding as to its origin. Given its utility in areas such as xerography, powder spray painting, and energy harvesting, many devices have been made to investigate triboelectrification at many length-scales, though few seek to additionally make use of triboluminescence: the emission of electromagnetic radiation immediately following a charge separation event. As devices for measuring triboelectrification became smaller and smaller, now measuring down to the atomic scale with atomic force microscope based designs, an appreciation for the collective and multi-scale nature of triboelectrification has perhaps abated. Consider that the energy required to move a unit charge is very large compared to a van der Waals interaction, yet peeling Scotch tape (whose adhesion is derived from van der Waals forces) can provide strong enough energy-focusing to generate X-ray emission. This paper presents a device to press approximately cm-sized materials together in a vacuum, with in situ alignment. Residual surface charge, force, and position and X-ray, visible light, and RF emission are measured for single crystal samples. Charge is therefore tracked throughout the charging and discharging processes, resulting in a more complete picture of triboelectrification, with controllable and measurable environmental influence. Macroscale charging is directly measured, whilst triboluminescence, originating in atomic-scale processes, probes the microscale. The apparatus was built with the goal of obtaining an ab initio-level explanation of triboelectrification for well-defined materials, at the micro- and macro-scale, which has eluded scientists for millennia.
Überwachung von TSE bei kleinen Wiederkäuern und Schweinen: Eine Pilotstudie (2006)

Switzerland is controlling Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) in cattle (BSE) and small ruminants (scrapie). Since BSE is potentially transmissible to sheep, goats or pigs through feeding of contaminated meat and bone meal, implementation of an active surveillance programme for TSE in these species is discussed. The aim of this pilot study was to obtain preliminary data on the prevalence ofTSE and other neurological disorders in these populations. For that purpose, a total of 398 perished and 825 slaughtered adult small ruminants and pigs was examined for the presence of neuropathological changes. None of these animals revealed positive for TSE. However, the investigations demonstrated that perished sheep and goats exhibited a higher prevalence of relevant neuropathological changes when compared with slaughtered animals. From these results, it is concluded that perished small ruminants are probably a risk population for TSE and should be considered as target populations for an active surveillance programme.
Vowel Dependence for Electroglottography and Audio Spectral Tilt (2010)

The spectral tilt has been calculated for the vowels from audio signals and from the derivative of electroglottography (EGG) signals in a Swedish one-speaker corpus of 5277 sentences. Vowel dependence has been found for the audio spectral tilt but not for the EGG spectral tilt, which also gets steeper as the sound pressure level increases. The EGG spectral tilt values had an average standard deviation of 1.3 dB/octave and the corresponding standard deviation value for the audio spectral tilt was 2 dB/octave.
An error analysis of feedback correlation beamforming for the IS-95 reverse link (2002)

We investigate the application of an existing beamforming weight estimation method to the IS-95 reverse link and propose an extension to the algorithm which yields dramatically improved accuracy. An error analysis presents the statistical parameters of the various estimators. This includes an eigenvector perturbation analysis and the derivation of the Cramer-Rao lower bound for this situation. Sample results are used to demonstrate the close agreement between observed and predicted values, thereby justifying the use of the analytical derivations to reduce simulation complexity in cell capacity evaluation studies.