gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Historical Perspective on Inflatable Wing Structures (2009)

Inflatable aerodynamic structures have begun to find uses in specialized aircraft that require storage in small volumes or morphing to improve cruise performance. Although inflatables provide a path toward these goals, practically achieving them has proven difficult due to aerodynamic, structural, and control penalties. While this technology is now just maturing to the point of being considered for such specialized systems, there is a long history of development and previous substantiations exist. This paper will provide a historical background on the earliest inflatable wing structures leading up to the current development and application of inflatable technology in today’s UAVs. In addition, the technological challenges of employing an inflatable wing will be addressed, along with a brief description of approaches used currently to counter these challenges.
Real-Time Signal Estimation From Modified Short-Time Fourier Transform Magnitude Spectra (2007)

An algorithm for estimating signals from short-time magnitude spectra is introduced offering a significant improvement in quality and efficiency over current methods. The key issue is how to invert a sequence of overlapping magnitude spectra (a ldquospectrogramrdquo) containing no phase information to generate a real-valued signal free of audible artifacts. Also important is that the algorithm performs in real-time, both structurally and computationally. In the context of spectrogram inversion, structurally real-time means that the audio signal at any given point in time only depends on transform frames at local or prior points in time. Computationally, real-time means that the algorithm is efficient enough to run in less time than the reconstructed audio takes to play on the available hardware. The spectrogram inversion algorithm is parameterized to allow tradeoffs between computational demands and the quality of the signal reconstruction. The algorithm is applied to audio time-scale and pitch modification and compared to classical algorithms for these tasks on a variety of signal types including both monophonic and polyphonic audio signals such as speech and music.
Intravenous TAT–Bcl‐X<sub>l</sub> is protective after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice (2002)

The delivery of proteins across the blood-brain barrier is severely limited by the proteins' size and biochemical properties. Eleven-amino acid human immunodeficiency virus TAT protein is able to cross cell membranes even when coupled with larger peptides. We evaluated whether TAT-Bcl-X(L) fusion protein is protective in focal ischemia. Mice underwent 30 or 90 minutes of intraluminal middle cerebral artery thread occlusion. TAT-Bcl-X(L), TAT-beta-galactosidase, or TAT-GFP (0.6 nmol each) were applied intravenously over 10 minutes either 1 hour before or immediately after ischemia. Additional animals received no TAT protein infusions. We show that the brain tissue is progressively transduced with TAT proteins within 3 to 4 hours after intravenous delivery. We provide evidence that TAT-Bcl-X(L) treatment reduces infarct volume and neurological deficits after long ischemic insults lasting 90 minutes, when applied both before and after ischemia. After short insults, lasting only 30 minutes, TAT-Bcl-X(L) further diminishes the number of caspase-3-reactive and DNA fragmented cells and increases the number of viable neurons in the striatum. Our results indicate that TAT fusion proteins are elegant and powerful tools that might be of clinical interest for stroke treatment, because factors may be intravenously applied. Thus, fusion proteins may open fascinating perspectives for future research.
Fusion of voice, gesture, and human-computer interface controls for remotely operated robot (2005)

This paper presents an overview of a robot teleoperation system using voice, gesture, and human-computer interface (HCI) controls. The system consists of three basic software components including (a) acquisition and recognition of control commands from multiple inputs, (b) client-server network communication, and (c) command fusion and execution by a robot and its arm. The inputs for recognition of control commands come from (1) wired or wireless microphones, (2) wired orientation sensors mounted on human arms, and (3) HCI devices, such as a mouse, a keyboard or a text file with the sequence of control commands. The set of gesture commands is based on the US Navy lexicon for navigating aircrafts on the ground. Fusion of multiple commands is performed by (a) analyzing time delays and (b) assigning different priorities to commands and the clients issuing those commands. Consistent and conflicting commands are considered before a selected command is executed by a robot. For an emergency control, a video signal is sent to a monitoring station.
Localisation of coconut foliar decay virus in coconut palm (1992)

Summary Coconut foliar decay virus (CFDV) occurs at a very low concentration in coconut palm. A 1203 nucleotide segment of the sequenced encapsidated circular single‐stranded 1291 nucleotide CFDV‐DNA has been amplified and transcribed for use as a 32 P cDNA probe for the virus. A rapid method for the extraction of DNA from coconut palm has been devised for a dot‐blot hybridisation assay using this probe. An alternative non‐radioactive probe has also been developed for future use in CFDV diagnosis. CFDV‐DNA was shown to be distributed unevenly in a range of infected palms, necessitating the use of multiple sampling to reliably detect infection in diagnostic tests. Viral DNA was detected in symptomatic and asymptomatic palms of both high and low susceptibility, in disease‐free tolerant cultivars, and in palms in remission from disease. Within the same palm, detectability of viral DNA varied little within leaflets, but varied more within and between fronds. CFDV‐DNA was detected 6–8 months after insect‐mediated inoculation, and symptoms generally appeared after another 1–4 months. In situ hybridisation of rachis tissue showed localisation of DNA within the phloem, but its distribution in the phloem was uneven. CFDV‐DNA was detected in tissue adjacent to and within necrotic zones which develop into the petiolar lesions associated with the disease‐specific collapse of fronds. Virus was detected in the body of the insect vector, and, where its distribution could be resolved, in the abdomen rather than the head.
Binding of Double-stranded RNA to Protein Kinase PKR Is Required for Dimerization and Promotes Critical Autophosphorylation Events in the Activation Loop (2001)

Protein kinase PKR is activated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and phosphorylates translation initiation factor 2alpha to inhibit protein synthesis in virus-infected mammalian cells. PKR contains two dsRNA binding motifs (DRBMs I and II) required for activation by dsRNA. There is strong evidence that PKR activation requires dimerization, but the role of dsRNA in dimer formation is controversial. By making alanine substitutions predicted to remove increasing numbers of side chain contacts between the DRBMs and dsRNA, we found that dimerization of full-length PKR in yeast was impaired by the minimal combinations of mutations required to impair dsRNA binding in vitro. Mutation of Ala-67 to Glu in DRBM-I, reported to abolish dimerization without affecting dsRNA binding, destroyed both activities in our assays. By contrast, deletion of a second dimerization region that overlaps the kinase domain had no effect on PKR dimerization in yeast. Human PKR contains at least 15 autophosphorylation sites, but only Thr-446 and Thr-451 in the activation loop were found here to be critical for kinase activity in yeast. Using an antibody specific for phosphorylated Thr-451, we showed that Thr-451 phosphorylation is stimulated by dsRNA binding. Our results provide strong evidence that dsRNA binding is required for dimerization of full-length PKR molecules in vivo, leading to autophosphorylation in the activation loop and stimulation of the eIF2alpha kinase function of PKR.
Postnatal induction of transforming growth factor β signaling in fibroblasts of mice recapitulates clinical, histologic, and biochemical features of scleroderma (2006)

Constitutive activation of TGFbeta signaling in fibroblastic cells of mice after birth caused a marked fibrotic phenotype characteristic of SSc. These mice should be excellent models with which to test therapies aimed at correcting excessive TGFbeta signaling in human scleroderma.
Competency Based Teacher Education: Reasons For Its Use (1983)

Competency based teacher education (CBTE) has provided institutions preparing students to become teachers of vocational agriculture with a basis for sequencing, unduplicated instruction, relevance, accountability, and some degree of measurability in the development of professional teacher education programs.
Two Nucleophilic Mutants of the <i>Micromonospora viridifaciens</i> Sialidase Operate with Retention of Configuration by Two Different Mechanisms (2005)

Mutants of the Micromonospora viridifaciens sialidase, Y370E and Y370F, are catalytically active retaining enzymes that operate by different mechanisms. Previous substitutions with smaller amino acids, including Y370D, yielded inverting sialidases. At least one water molecule can fit into the active-site cavity of this mutant and act as a nucleophile from the face opposite the leaving group (Biochemistry 2003, 42, 12 682). Thus, addition of a CH(2) unit (Asp versus Glu) changes the mechanism from inversion back to retention of configuration. Based on Brønsted beta(lg) values, it is proposed that the Y370E mutant reacts by a double-displacement mechanism (beta(lg) on k(cat)/K(m) -0.36+/-0.04) with Glu370 acting as the nucleophile. However, the Y370F mutant (beta(lg) on k(cat)/K(m) -0.79+/-0.12) reacts via a dissociative transition state. The crystal structure of the Y370F mutant complexed with 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid shows no significant active-site perturbation relative to the wild-type enzyme.
Privacy-enabling abstraction and obfuscation techniques for 3D city models (2009)

Privacy and security issues within geospatial information systems are of growing public and scientific interest. Especially with the launch of Google Street View and Google Earth, geospatial data has come to the attention of the public, thereby not only raising support for these technologies, but also massive concerns. It is the duty of science to pick up today's uprising debates and to help structuring them, providing clarifications and different solutions. Thus, the aim of this paper is to contribute in form of an interdisciplinary discussion about privacy issues, both from a philosophical and an engineering point of view. Privacy and its importance are outlined as well as different privacy issues raised concerning the nowadays so popular 3D city models. In addition, technical solutions are shown which allow data providers to preserve privacy, but that won't interfere with the advancements of these technologies.
Evaluation of slot allocation strategies for TDMA protocols in packet radio networks (2002)

Time-division multiple-access (TDMA) protocols provide packet radio networks with useful features that facilitate efficient communications. Many different algorithms have been proposed to maximize the reuse of the bandwidth and simultaneously minimize the TDMA frame length. The resulting slot assignments of these algorithms can be grouped into two general strategies for assigning transmissions rights to nodes: node and link allocation. The performance of each allocation strategy is evaluated using a detailed simulation. The results indicate that in all cases, for both single-destination packets and broadcast packets, node allocation offers better delay performance than link allocations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3.3V DSP for Digital Motor Control (2000)

New generations of motor control digital signal processors (DSPs) lower their supply voltages from 5V to 3.3V to offer higher performance at lower cost. Replacing traditional 5V digital control circuitry by 3.3V designs introduce no additional system cost and no significant complication in interfacing with TTL and CMOS compatible components, as well as with mixed voltage ICs such as power transistor gate drivers. Just like 5V based designs, good engineering practice should be exercised to minimize noise and EMI effects by proper component layout and PCB design when 3.3V DSP, ADC, and digital circuitry are used in a mixed signal environment, with high and low voltage analog and switching signals, such as a motor control system. In addition, software techniques such as Random PWM method can be used by special features of the Texas Instruments (TI) TMS320x24xx DSP controllers to significantly reduce noise effects caused by EMI radiation. This application report reviews designs of 3.3V DSP versus 5V DSP for low HP motor control applications. The application report first describes a scenario of a 3.3V-only motor controller indicating that for most applications, no significant issue of interfacing between 3.3V and 5V
A 112GB/S PAM4 Wireline Receiver Using a 64-Way Time-Interleaved SAR ADC in 16NM FinFET (2018)

A 112Gb/s PAM4 wireline receiver testchip is implemented in 16nm FinFET. The receiver consists of continuous-time linear equalizers, a peaking capacitance buffer, and a 56GSa/s 64-way time-interleaved SAR ADC. The receiver achieves 2e-5 BER over a 20dB loss channel at 28GHz Nyquist while consuming 590mW power, excluding DSP.
Efficient and Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Alkyl-2<i>H</i>-indazoles (2003)

An efficient and regioselective synthesis of 2-methyl-2H-indazoles and 2-ethyl-2H-indazoles using trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate or triethyloxonium hexafluorophosphate is reported.
3,5-Disubstituted-4-hydroxyphenyls Linked to 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl- 4(1<i>H</i>)-pyridinone:  Potent Inhibitors of Lipid Peroxidation and Cell Toxicity (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.3,5-Disubstituted-4-hydroxyphenyls Linked to 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl- 4(1H)-pyridinone: Potent Inhibitors of Lipid Peroxidation and Cell ToxicityDavid Bebbington, Nathaniel J. T. Monck, Suneel Gaur, Alan M. Palmer, Karen Benwell, Victoria Harvey, Craig S. Malcolm, and Richard H. P. PorterView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Cerebrus, Oakdene Court, 613 Reading Road, Winnersh, Wokingham RG41 5UA, U.K. Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 15, 2779–2782Publication Date (Web):July 8, 2000Publication History Received3 November 1999Published online8 July 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm990945vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm990945vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1060Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Mechanisms of action,Molecules,Oxidative stress,Peroxidation,Toxicity Get e-Alerts
Effects of permanent magnets on resting skin blood perfusion in healthy persons assessed by laser doppler flowmetry and imaging (2001)

Effects on skin blood perfusion of permanent ceramic magnets [0.1 T (1000 G) surface field], individually (disk shaped, 4 cm diameter x 1 cm thick) or in the form of a 11 x 7 in pad ( approximately 28 x 17.8 cm) with an array of 16 rectangular magnets (4.5 x 2.2 cm), were investigated in 16 female volunteers (27.4 +/- 1.7 years, range 21-48 years) using three separate protocols. In protocol A, a disk magnet was placed on the palmar surface of the hand in contact with the thenar eminence (n = 5). In protocol B, the magnet was placed on the hand dorsum overlying the thenar eminence (n = 5). In protocol C, the entire palm and fingers rested on the magnetic pad (n = 6). Magnets were in place for 36 min on one hand, and a sham was in place on the other hand. Blood perfusion was measured on the middle finger dorsum by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and on the index finger by laser Doppler imaging (LDI). Perfusion measurements were simultaneously taken in sham and magnet exposed hands, before and during the entire magnet exposure interval. Magnetic field effects were tested by comparing skin blood perfusion sequences in magnet and sham exposed regions. Results showed no significant changes in either LDF or LDI perfusion at magnet or sham sites during exposure, nor were there any significant differences between sham and magnet sites for any protocol. Measurements of skin temperature at the LDF measurement sites also showed no significant change. It is concluded that in the healthy subjects studied with normal, unstressed circulation, magnets of the type and for the duration used, showed no detectible effect on skin blood perfusion in the anatomical area studied.
Approximations for Standard Errors of Estimators of Fixed and Random Effects in Mixed Linear Models (1984)

Abstract Best linear unbiased estimators of the fixed and random effects of mixed linear models are available when the true values of the variance ratios are known. If the true values are replaced by estimated values, the mean squared errors of the estimators of the fixed and random effects increase in size. The magnitude of this increase is investigated, and a general approximation is proposed. The performance of this approximation is investigated in the context of (a) the estimation of the effects of the balanced one-way random model and (b) the estimation of treatment contrasts for balanced incomplete block designs.
Purification and properties of an α-(1 → 3)-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.84) from Trichoderma harzianum and its use for reduction of artificial dental plaque accumulation. (2013)

Extracellular α-(1 → 3)-glucanase (mutanase, EC 3.2.1.84) produced by Trichoderma harzianum CCM F-340 was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration followed by ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and final chromatofocusing. The enzyme was recovered with an 18.4-fold increase in specific activity and a yield of 4.3%. Some properties of the α-(1 → 3)-glucanase were investigated. The molecular mass of the enzyme is 67 kDa, as estimated by SDS/PAGE, its isoelectric point 7.1, and the carbohydrate content 3%. The pH and temperature optima are 5.5 and 45°C, respectively. The enzyme is stable over a pH range of 4.5-6.0 and up to 45°C for 1 h. The Km and Vmax under standard assay conditions are 0.73 mg/ml and 11.39 x 10(-2) µmol/min/mg protein, respectively. The enzyme activity is stimulated by addition of Mg(2+) and Na(+), and significantly inhibited by Hg(2+). The α-(1 → 3)-glucanase preparation preferentially catalyzed the hydrolysis of various streptococcal mutans and fungal α-(1 → 3)-glucans. The 20-residue N-terminal sequence of the enzyme is identical with those of other α-(1 → 3)-glucanases from the genus Trichoderma, and highly similar to those from other fungi. The purified α-(1 → 3)-glucanase was effective in preventing artificial dental plaque formation. The easy purification from fermentation broth and high stability, and the effective inhibition of oral biofilm accumulation make this α-(1 → 3)-glucanase highly useful for industrial and medical application.
Carrier-induced change due to doping in refractive index of InP: Measurements at 1.3 and 1.5 μm (1996)

Accurate measurements of the InP refractive index as a function of free-carrier doping are reported at 1.3 and 1.5 μm, the two strategic wavelengths for optical communications. A total of 21 samples with different N- and P-doping levels have been measured using a novel and simplified grating-coupling technique. In contrast to the conventional method, this only involves the use of a directly etched diffraction grating on the sample surface, thereby avoiding the necessity of a specific guiding layer. The measured index, in agreement with earlier predictions, decreases by more than 0.05 when the N doping is increased from below 1015 to about 1019 electrons per cubic centimeter. This effect, however, is much less pronounced with P doping than with N doping.
40Gb/s amplifier and ESD protection circuit in 0.18μm CMOS technology (2004)

A triple-resonance LC network increases the bandwidth of cascaded differential pairs by a factor of 2/spl radic/3, yielding a 40 Gb/s CMOS amplifier with a gain of 15 dB and a power dissipation of 190 mW from a 2.2 V supply. An ESD protection circuit employs negative capacitance along with T-coils and pn junctions to operate at 40 Gb/s while tolerating 700 V.
Mechanistic Studies of a Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes:  Protonolysis of a Stable Palladium Alkyl Complex Is the Turnover-Limiting Step (2008)

Mechanistic studies of the intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated aminoalkenes catalyzed by a dicationic [bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyridine]palladium complex highlight the important role that protonolysis plays in this reaction. Coordination of the aminoalkene substrate to this complex activates the alkene toward intramolecular nucleophilic attack to form a dicationic palladium alkyl complex (6). A stable monocationic palladium alkyl complex (7) was isolated by in situ deprotonation of 6 with mild base, and its structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Complex 7 reacted rapidly with a variety of strong acids to undergo protonolysis, resulting in formation of hydroamination product 3 and regenerating the active catalyst. Evidence that formation of the palladium alkyl complex is reversible under the catalytic conditions was obtained from observation of the protonolysis at low temperature. During the course of all catalytic reactions, the resting state of the catalyst was palladium alkyl complex 7, indicating that protonolysis of the Pd-C bond was the turnover-limiting step. Kinetic studies reveal an unusual inverse dependence of the reaction rate on the concentration of the aminoalkene substrate. This effect can be accurately explained by a model in which the carbamate protecting group of the aminoalkene acts as a Brønsted base to remove free protons from the catalytic cycle and thereby inhibits the turnover-limiting protonolysis step. Formation of a 2:1 complex (12) between the carbamate and the proton is most consistent with the kinetic data.
A recursive modified Gram-Schmidt algorithm for least- squares estimation (1986)

This paper presents a recursive form of the modified Gram-Schmidt algorithm (RMGS). This new recursive least-squares (RLS) estimation algorithm has a computational complexity similar to the conventional RLS algorithm, but is more robust to roundoff errors and has a highly modular structure, suitable for VLSI implementation. Its properties and features are discussed and compared to other LS estimation algorithms.