gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of v-sis-dependent transformation by the transcription factor, Egr-1. (1994)

The transcription factor Egr-1, stimulates the activity of a number of genes and inhibits other genes, by binding to the sequence GCGGGGGCG in 5' enhancer regions. However, the functions of Egr-1 are obscure in spite of its rather ubiquitous expression. Egr-1 may play a role in proliferation in mitogen-stimulated cells but its expression is also correlated with the differentiated state in teratocarcinoma cells. The constitutive expression of Egr-1 appears to have little effect on the growth rate of normal immortalized cell-lines. We show that in NIH3T3 cells that are conditionally transformed by the expression of v-six, the presence of Egr-1 is inhibitory to the production of transformed colonies (foci) and to growth in soft agar. In addition, the first appearance of tumors in nu/nu mice is delayed in tumorigenicity tests with cells that over-express Egr-1 and tumor growth is suppressed compared to control cells. We used a series of fragments of Egr-1 cloned into expression vectors to show that not only full length, but also truncated Egr-1 fragments inhibit colony formation. Using deletion mutants, we observed that this inhibitory activity is dependent on the presence of the DNA-binding 'zinc-finger' region. Wilm's tumor protein, WT1, (known to be a tumor suppressor gene) that exhibits the same DNA binding activity is also inhibitory. In contrast, colony formation is stimulated by an Egr-1 antisense RNA-expressing plasmid, since colonies grow rapidly and the colony-forming frequency is higher than in the presence of v-sis alone. We conclude that proteins containing the Egr-1 'zinc-finger' domain can bind to the regulatory regions of one or more genes that are required for the transformation of fibroblasts by v-sis thus inhibiting transformation. One function for Egr-1 implied by these results is the restraint of transformed growth in mitogen-stimulated cells.
Thinking beyond Basel III (2010)

In previous studies, the OECD has identified the main hallmarks of the crisis as too-big-to-fail institutions that took on too much risk; insolvency resulting from contagion and counterparty risk; the lack of regulatory and supervisory integration; and the lack of efficient resolution regimes. This article looks at how the Basel III proposals address these issues, helping to reduce the chance of another crisis like the current one. The Basel III capital proposals have some very useful elements, notably a leverage ratio, a capital buffer and the proposal to deal with pro-cyclicality through dynamic provisioning based on expected losses. However, this report also identifies some major concerns. For example, Basel III does not properly address the most fundamental regulatory problem that the "promises" that make up any financial system are not treated equally. This issue has many implications for the reform process, including reform of the structure of the supervision and regulation process and whether the shadow banking system should be incorporated into the regulatory framework – and, if so, how. Finally, modifications in the overall riskweighted asset framework are suggested that would deal with concentration issues.
Two-hit inactivation of FHIT by loss of heterozygosity and hypermethylation in breast cancer. (2002)

To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that biallelic inactivation of FHIT by LOH and hypermethylation leads to the complete inactivation of FHIT gene in patients with breast cancer. Silencing of the FHIT gene by promoter hypermethylation occurs in primary breast carcinomas, especially those with LOH. These findings support a role for this tumor suppressor gene in sporadic breast tumorigenesis.
A series solution approach to an analytical load-deflection relation for the measurement of mechanical properties of thin films (1999)

The load-deflection technique is a popular technique to measure mechanical properties such as internal stress and Young's modulus of thin films. The measurement of internal stress and Young's modulus depends on the determination of the analytical load-deflection relation. In this paper, a series solution approach is presented to obtain the analytical load-deflection relation for a circular membrane. To determine the number of terms required for the results to settle to a stable value, a convergence study is carried out. The present study found that to obtain the analytical load-deflection relation using a series solution approach, the transverse displacement can only admit one term solution, while the in-plane displacement can have a series solution. The present approach has been verified with a finite-element solution obtained using Macneal-Schwendler Corporation Nastran by comparing maximum deflections as well as deflection curves. The agreement is excellent.
The Variational Homoencoder: Learning to learn high capacity generative models from few examples (2018)

Hierarchical Bayesian methods can unify many related tasks (e.g. k-shot classification, conditional and unconditional generation) as inference within a single generative model. However, when this generative model is expressed as a powerful neural network such as a PixelCNN, we show that existing learning techniques typically fail to effectively use latent variables. To address this, we develop a modification of the Variational Autoencoder in which encoded observations are decoded to new elements from the same class. This technique, which we call a Variational Homoencoder (VHE), produces a hierarchical latent variable model which better utilises latent variables. We use the VHE framework to learn a hierarchical PixelCNN on the Omniglot dataset, which outperforms all existing models on test set likelihood and achieves strong performance on one-shot generation and classification tasks. We additionally validate the VHE on natural images from the YouTube Faces database. Finally, we develop extensions of the model that apply to richer dataset structures such as factorial and hierarchical categories.
Generation Of White Light At 1 Khz (1985)

We have developed a new dye laser and c.w.-pumped regenerative amplifier system capable of generating white light continuum at a repetition rate higher than 1 KHz.
After the Subject (2011)

In the introduction to Minima Moralia (1951) Theodor Adorno reflects on the dubious choice to set out from the (bourgeois) subjective experience. Adorno defends his enterprise, arguing (with and against Hegel) that what is disappearing is historically essential. Today the subject is the obvious point of departure not only for aphoristic philosophy, but also for literature and art in general, and even academic research. Autobiographical fiction has become so frequent that it is hard to find counterexamples. In a trivial sense the subject has obviously all but dissolved, as Adorno feared it would. If there is still a need to defend it is thus debatable. In the theoretical discourse of today, the discussion is normally centred on processes of subjectivation, performativity, storytelling, recognition etc. In a way this can be seen as a consequence of postmodern thinking: the subject is no longer a ‘natural’, self-evident entity, but something constructed, something we are free to ‘do’. On the other hand there is a tendency that this constructed subjectivity becomes as natural, positive, simple and good-natured as any ‘pre-postmodern’ subjectivity. The question is, in other words, if we in reality have come any further than Adorno; if our historical situation really differs from his. How then should we understand subjectivity today, in a literary context? In my paper I will discuss this in relation to the theories of Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Judith Butler, Slavoj Zizek and Jacques Ranciere. In the beginning of The Ticklish Subject Slavoj Zizek remarks that the Cartesian subject is a spectre that all philosophical schools are combating today – somehow this is an ironic indication of the vitality of the Cartesian subject. To a certain extent I believe Zizek is right; on the other hand the need to rethink the form of subjectivity Adorno (or Descartes) presupposes seems obvious. In a way I think this is what Ranciere does when he focuses ‘an interval for political subjectivization’ between man and citizen, rather than a fixed individual subject. These questions are both aesthetically and politically relevant. F x one could ask if the amount of autofiction published during the last decade is an expression of the dissolved subject, or on the contrary of a kind of hyper-individualism. Or do those options in reality amount to the same powerlessness?
Respiratory motion‐compensated radial dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI of chest and abdominal lesions (2008)

Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI is becoming an increasingly important tool for evaluating tumor vascularity and assessing the effectiveness of emerging antiangiogenic and antivascular agents. In chest and abdominal regions, however, respiratory motion can seriously degrade the achievable image quality in DCE-MRI studies. The purpose of this work is to develop a respiratory motion-compensated DCE-MRI technique that combines the self-gating properties of radial imaging with the reconstruction flexibility afforded by the golden-angle view-order strategy. Following radial data acquisition, the signal at k-space center is first used to determine the respiratory cycle, and consecutive views during the expiratory phase of each respiratory period (34-55 views, depending on the breathing rate) are grouped into individual segments. Residual intrasegment translation of lesion is subsequently compensated for by an autofocusing technique that optimizes image entropy, while intersegment translation (among different respiratory cycles) is corrected using 3D image correlation. The resulting motion-compensated, undersampled dynamic image series is then processed to reduce image streaking and to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) prior to perfusion analysis, using either the k-space-weighted image contrast (KWIC) radial filtering technique or principal component analysis (PCA). The proposed data acquisition scheme also allows for high frame-rate arterial input function (AIF) sampling and free-breathing baseline T(1) mapping. The performance of the proposed radial DCE-MRI technique is evaluated in subjects with lung and liver lesions, and results demonstrate that excellent pixelwise perfusion maps can be obtained with the proposed methodology.
C1qTNF‐related protein‐6 mediates fatty acid oxidation via the activation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (2010)

C1qTNF-related proteins (CTRPs) are involved in diverse processes including metabolism, inflammation host defense, apoptosis, cell differentiation, autoimmunity, hibernation, and organogenesis. However, the physiological role of CTRP6 remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the globular domain of CTRP6 mediates the phosphorylation and activation of the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle cells. In parallel with the activation of AMPK, CTRP6 induces the phosphorylation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid oxidation in myocytes. Thus, CTRP6 plays a role in fatty acid metabolism via the AMPK-ACC pathway.
Drinking Behavior and Vasopressin Responses to Hyperosmolality in Alzheimer’s Disease (1994)

Individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been shown to have abnormalities in response to fluid restriction. Twelve subjects with AD and ten elderly controls underwent overnight fluid restriction followed by measurement of plasma and urine vasopressin and serum osmolality. Estimates of "thirst" were determined after one hour of ad libitum water intake. All subjects were tested with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Individuals with AD had a greater degree of overnight dehydration than the elderly control group (serum osmolality 310 +/- 1 vs. 305 +/- 1 mosmol/kg, p = 0.02). There was no difference between the groups in the plasma or urinary levels of vasopressin. There was a direct correlation (r = 0.45, p = 0.03) of the amount of water intake as a measure of "thirst" with the MMSE score as a measure of cognitive functioning. Individuals with advanced cognitive impairment may be at risk of dehydration due to loss of protective "thirst" responses with secondary complications of dehydration.
A Study on the ZrO<sub>2</sub> Coating Effect on the Electrochemical Performance of LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Boundary effects in large-aspect-ratio lasers (1994)

We study theoretically the effect of transverse boundary conditions on the traveling waves found in infinitely extended and positively detuned laser systems. We find that for large-aspect-ratio systems, well above threshold and away from the boundaries, the traveling waves persist. Source and sink defects are observed on the boundaries, and in very-large-aspect-ratio systems these defects can also exist away from the boundaries. The transverse size of the sink defect, relative to the size of the transverse domain, is important in determining the final pattern observed, and so, close to threshold, standing waves are always observed.
Cancer procoagulant in serum of rats during development of experimental epithelioma (1990)

The activity of cancer procoagulant (CP) during the development of Guérin epithelioma was studied in the blood of Wistar rats. Blood was collected from the carotid artery and, after clotting, proteins adsorbing on aluminum hydroxide were removed from the serum. Then procoagulant activity was determined in the test system without factor VII by means of substrate S-2222 specific for factor Xa. A statistically significant increase in the activity of CP in serum was detected, coinciding with the period of intensive tumor growth (15th-25th day of disease).
Design of Hammerhead Ribozymes that Cleave Murine Sry mRNA In Vitro and In Vivo (2006)

As the first step in investigating the possiblity of applying ribozyme technology to artificial control of the sex ratios at birth in farm animals, where the demand for females exceeds that for males, we designed a hammerhead ribozyme (HHRz) and 2 tRNA(val)-hammerhead ribozyme complexes (tRNARz3 and tRNARz4), and examined their effects upon murine Sry mRNA in vitro and in cells. We demonstrated that HHRz and tRNARz3 could effectively cleave the target Sry mRNA in vitro. For the purpose of experiments in vivo, HHRz was cloned into the highly efficient pUC-CAGGS mammalian expression vector (pCAG/HHRz), and the tRNA ribozyme complexes were cloned into the pol III promoter-driven pPUR-KE vector (pPUR/tRNARz3 and pPUR/tRNARz4); the ribozyme vectors were co-transfected with the target vector (pCAG/Sry). A suppressive action (up to approx. 60%) was confirmed for pCAG/HHRz and pPUR/tRNARz3 upon the transiently expressed exogenously introduced Sry in M15 cultured cells.
<i>ret</i> Transforming Gene Encodes a Fusion Protein Homologous to Tyrosine Kinases (1987)

The ret transforming gene was activated by recombination between two unlinked segments of human DNA, most likely during transfection of NIH 3T3 cells. To further define this transforming gene, we isolated and sequenced ret cDNA clones. The nucleotide sequence indicates that the active ret transforming gene encodes a fusion protein with a carboxy-terminal domain which is 40 to 50% homologous to members of the tyrosine kinase gene family. This tyrosine kinase domain is preceded by a hydrophobic sequence characteristic of a transmembrane domain. Transcription of the ret tyrosine kinase sequence was detected in the SK-N-SH neuroblastoma, HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia, and THP-1 monocytic leukemia cell lines, but not in 25 other human tumor cell lines surveyed. The ret tyrosine kinase may thus represent a cell surface receptor which is expressed in a restricted range of human cells.
Gene transfer from a parasitic flowering plant to a fern (2005)

The rattlesnake fern (Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.) is obligately mycotrophic and widely distributed across the northern hemisphere. Three mitochondrial gene regions place this species with other ferns in Ophioglossaceae, while two regions place it as a member of the largely parasitic angiosperm order Santalales (sandalwoods and mistletoes). These discordant phylogenetic placements suggest that part of the genome in B. virginianum was acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), perhaps from root-parasitic Loranthaceae. These transgenes are restricted to B. virginianum and occur across the range of the species. Molecular and life-history traits indicate that the transfer preceded the global expansion of B. virginianum, and that the latter may have happened very rapidly. This is the first report of HGT from an angiosperm to a fern, through either direct parasitism or the mediation of interconnecting fungal symbionts.
MEDSLIK-II, a Lagrangian marine oil spill model for short-term forecasting – Part 1: Theory (2013)

Abstract. The processes of transport, diffusion and transformation of surface oil in seawater can be simulated using a Lagrangian model formalism coupled with Eulerian circulation models. This paper describes the formalism and the conceptual assumptions of a Lagrangian marine oil slick numerical model and re-writes the constitutive equations in a modern mathematical framework. The Lagrangian numerical representation of the oil slick requires three different state variables: the slick, the particle and the structural state variables. Transformation processes (evaporation, spreading, dispersion and coastal adhesion) act on the slick state variables, while particles variables are used to model the transport and diffusion processes. The slick and particle variables are recombined together to compute the oil concentration in water, a structural state variable. The mathematical and numerical formulation of oil transport, diffusion and transformation processes described in this paper, together with the many simplifying hypothesis and parameterizations, form the basis of a new, open source Lagrangian surface oil spill model, so-called MEDSLIK-II. Part 2 of this paper describes the applications of MEDSLIK-II to oil spill simulations that allow the validation of the model results and the study of the sensitivity of the simulated oil slick to different model numerical parameterizations.
Thermal degradation study of silicon carbide threads developed for advanced flexible thermal protection systems (1992)

Silicon carbide (SiC) fiber is a material that may be used in advanced thermal protection systems (TPS) for future aerospace vehicles. SiC fiber's mechanical properties depend greatly on the presence or absence of sizing and its microstructure. In this research, silicon dioxide is found to be present on the surface of the fiber. Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) show that a thin oxide layer (SiO2) exists on the as-received fibers, and the oxide thickness increases when the fibers are exposed to high temperature. ESCA also reveals no evidence of Si-C bonding on the fiber surface on both as-received and heat treated fibers. The silicon oxide layer is thought to signal the decomposition of SiC bonds and may be partially responsible for the degradation in the breaking strength observed at temperatures above 400 C. The variation in electrical resistivity of the fibers with increasing temperature indicates a transition to a higher band gap material at 350 to 600 C. This is consistent with a decomposition of SiC involving silicon oxide formation.
Introduction (2015)

In May 2013, Cyprus, an Eastern Mediterranean island populated by less than a million people and the third smallest economy in the eurozone, took over the headlines around the world, focusing the minds of investors from New York to London to Hong Kong. Nearly a year after it suffered devastating losses to its banking system in a desperate political arrangement to save Greece, Brussels offered Cyprus a financial Sophie's Choice: either the island accepts punitive rescue terms, tantamount to a mass raid on saving accounts, or it goes under.KeywordsBanking SectorDebt CrisisSaving AccountPolitical UnityFractional ReserveThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Two-photon quantum state engineering in nonlinear photonic nanowires (2014)

We propose and analyze a generic technique to engineer the two-photon quantum state generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in nonlinear photonic nanowires using any suitable material system. Through dispersion engineering in nanowires, the group velocity of each photon involved in the SPDC process can be tuned such that pure heralded single photons or maximally polarization entangled photons can be directly generated on a chip. Implementations in III–V semiconductor and ferroelectric waveguides demonstrate minimal frequency correlations with Schmidt numbers of ∼1 for heralded single photons, and maximal entanglement with concurrences of ∼1 for polarization entangled photons.
The Aesthetic Brain (2013)

Abstract The Aesthetic Brain takes the reader on a wide-ranging journey addressing fundamental questions about aesthetics and art. Using neuroscience and evolutionary psychology, Chatterjee shows how beauty, pleasure, and art are grounded biologically, and offers explanations for why beauty, pleasure, and art exist at all.
Bezold‐Jarisch‐Like Reflex During Radiofrequency Ablation of the Pulmonary Vein Tissues in Patients with Paroxysmal Focal Atrial Fibrillation (1999)

RF catheter ablation of the pulmonary vein tissues could evoke a variety of profound bradycardia-hypotension responses. The Bezold-Jarisch-like reflex might be the underlying mechanism.
Nature’s Code (2008)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Vanessa J. Hill, Peter Rowlands; Nature's Code. AIP Conf. Proc. 17 October 2008; 1051 (1): 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3020651 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A Comparison of Three Interferon Alfa-2b Regimens for the Long-Term Treatment of Chronic Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis (1995)

Among patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, a regimen of 3 million units of interferon alfa-2b given three times a week for 18 months produced better histologic findings and serum alanine aminotransferase values than regimens involving a lower dose or a shorter duration of treatment.
A model-based regression test selection approach for embedded applications (2009)

Regression test selection techniques for embedded programs have scarcely been reported in the literature. In this paper, we propose a model-based regression test selection technique for embedded programs. Our proposed model, in addition to capturing the data and control dependence aspects, also represents several additional program features that are important for regression test case selection of embedded programs. These features include control flow, exception handling, message paths, task priorities, state information and object relations. We select a regression test suite based on slicing our proposed graph model. We also propose a genetic algorithm-based technique to select an optimal subset of test cases from the set of regression test cases selected after slicing our proposed model.