gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A combined-transform coding (CTC) scheme for medical images (1992)

A combined-transform coding (CTC) scheme is proposed to reduce the blocking artifact of conventional block transform coding and hence to improve the subjective performance. The proposed CTC scheme is described and its information-theoretic properties are investigated. Computer simulation results for a class of chest X-ray images are presented. A comparison between the CTC scheme and the conventional discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete Walsh-Hadamard transform (DWHT) demonstrates the performance improvement of the proposed scheme. In addition, combined coding can also be used in noiseless coding, yielding a slight improvement in the compression performance if it is used properly.
FGF‐8b induces growth and rich vascularization in an orthotopic PC‐3 model of prostate cancer (2009)

Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF-8) is expressed at an increased level in a high proportion of prostate cancers and it is associated with a poor prognosis of the disease. Our aim was to study the effects of FGF-8b on proliferation of PC-3 prostate cancer cells and growth of PC-3 tumors, and to identify FGF-8b-associated molecular targets. Expression of ectopic FGF-8b in PC-3 cells caused a 1.5-fold increase in cell proliferation in vitro and a four- to fivefold increase in the size of subcutaneous and orthotopic prostate tumors in nude mice. Tumors expressing FGF-8b showed a characteristic morphology with a very rich network of capillaries. This was associated with increased spread of the cancer cells to the lungs as measured by RT-qPCR of FGF-8b mRNA. Microarray analyses revealed significantly altered, up- and downregulated, genes in PC-3 cell cultures (169 genes) and in orthotopic PC-3 tumors (61 genes). IPA network analysis of the upregulated genes showed the strongest association with development, cell proliferation (CRIP1, SHC1), angiogenesis (CCL2, DDAH2), bone metastasis (SPP1), cell-to-cell signaling and energy production, and the downregulated genes associated with differentiation (DKK-1, VDR) and cell death (CYCS). The changes in gene expression were confirmed by RT-qPCR. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that FGF-8b increases the growth and angiogenesis of orthotopic prostate tumors. The associated gene expression signature suggests potential mediators for FGF-8b actions on prostate cancer progression and metastasis.
Gain in the far vacuum ultraviolet region due to transitions in multiply charged ions (1976)

It is shown that a gain of the order of 10–25 cm–1 can be obtained in the 300–700 Å range due to the 3s – 3p transition in multiply charged ions with a ground electronic configuration 1s22s22p6. This gain may be obtained as a result of heating of electrons in a plasma by high-power ultrashort light pulses (two-stage plasma heating).
Application of Recent Advances in the Mechanics of Sand Consolidation (1971)

Abstract A complete shut-off of sand flow in producing wells can be attained and high success producing wells can be attained and high success ratios are possible. Successful sand control using sand consolidation plastics depends on complete coverage of the zone with a resin that will leave the formation well consolidated with the highest retained permeability. In addition, the consolidated formation must retain its strength for many years. The materials and techniques to accomplish these objectives are available. Sand consolidation plastics have been in use since the early 1940's with varying degrees of success. Over the years there have been many improvements in the materials used, but these improved materials have not significantly changed the success ratios. It is now recognized that well completion and workover methods and job performance are probably more important than the performance are probably more important than the type or quality of resin used. In the past few years, many added improvements have been made in methods, materials and techniques. This paper will point out these improvements. The completion techniques that will be covered are selection of perforated interval and perforation density. The job performance techniques covered will be cleaning of perforations, clean fluids, clean tubular goods, injection rates and pressures and zone isolation. Of prime importance are the considerations for prime importance are the considerations for consolidating dirty formations. Some of the improvements in plastic systems that will be discussed include special pre-flushes, high-resin-content plastics, coupling agents, and diverting agents. The overall purpose of the paper is to put together in usable form all the factors that must be considered in planning and performing sand consolidating plastic treatments and to establish guidelines that will lead to higher success ratios in these treatments. Introduction The degree of success with sand consolidation plastics is very difficult to measure because of plastics is very difficult to measure because of the wide variation of definition of success. However, a survey conducted by the API Southern District Study Committee on sand control indicated that the overall success ratio for sand consolidation plastics on old and new wells was 76 per cent. This plastics on old and new wells was 76 per cent. This same survey showed that the success ratio for gravel packs with liners was 72 per cent. Success here is packs with liners was 72 per cent. Success here is defined as either producing sand-free or at tolerable sand production.
Improvements in High-Speed Motion Pictures by Multiple-Aperture Focal-Plane Scanners (1949)

It is shown how, with the multiple-aperture scanning method of high-speed photography, the absolute number of entirely new position pictures of a moving object is more a function of how many grains of emulsion are uncovered in the total aperture travel than a function of the number of aperture widths uncovered. This results in many more frames per event than had been assumed heretofore. A second camera of this type is described in which two-dimensional scanning gives composite pictures with a dot structure. This is accomplished by means of a rotating disk. This camera is capable of taking high-speed pictures at the rate of at least 1,000,000 per second.
Deep Learning for Decoding of Linear Codes - A Syndrome-Based Approach (2018)

We present a novel framework for applying deep neural networks (DNN) to soft decoding of linear codes at arbitrary block lengths. Unlike other approaches, our framework allows unconstrained DNN design, enabling the free application of powerful designs that were developed in other contexts. Our method is robust to overfitting that inhibits many competing methods, which follows from the exponentially large number of codewords required for their training. We achieve this by transforming the channel output before feeding it to the network, extracting only the syndrome of the hard decisions and the channel output reliabilities. We prove analytically that this approach does not involve any intrinsic performance penalty, and guarantees the generalization of performance obtained during training. Our best results are obtained using a recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture combined with simple preprocessing by permutation. We provide simulation results that demonstrate performance that sometimes approaches that of the ordered statistics decoding (OSD) algorithm.
Chromchalkogenide, VIII (1974)

A method for preparation of chromium sulphide from CrCl 3 ·3 THF or CrCl 3 · 3 i-C 3 H 7 OH in isopropanol is given. For further modes of formation the following reactions are investigated: Tris-bipyridyl-chromium(0) with sulphur and both chromium triphenyl and chromium ethoxide with H 2 S. X-ray, IR and UV data of CrCl 3 · 3 THF, CrCl 3 ·3 i-C 3 H 7 OH, Cr(i-OC 3 H 7 ) 3 · 3 i-C 3 H 7 OH and of chromium alkoxides are included.
AER image filtering (2007)

Address Event Representation (AER) is an emergent neuromorphic interchip communication protocol that allows real-time virtual massive connectivity among huge number of neurons located on different chips.[1] By exploiting high speed digital communication circuits (with nano-seconds timing), synaptic neural connections can be time multiplexed, while neural activity signals (with mili-seconds timings) are sampled at low frequencies. Neurons generate "events" according to their activity levels. That is, more active neurons generate more events per unit time and access the interchip communication channel more frequently than neurons with low activity. In Neuromorphic system development, AER brings some advantages to develop real-time image processing system: (1) AER represents the information like time continuous stream not like a frame; (2) AER sends the most important information first (although this depends on the sender); (3) AER allows to process information as soon as it is received. When AER is used in artificial vision field, each pixel is considered like a neuron, so pixel's intensity is represented like a sequence of events; modifying the number and the frequency of these events, it is possible to make some image filtering. In this paper we present four image filters using AER: (a) Noise addition and suppression, (b) brightness modification, (c) single moving object tracking and (d) geometrical transformations (rotation, translation, reduction and magnification). For testing and debugging, we use USB-AER board developed by Robotic and Technology of Computers Applied to Rehabilitation (RTCAR) research group. This board is based on an FPGA, devoted to manage the AER functionality. This board also includes a micro-controlled for USB communication, 2 Mbytes RAM and 2 AER ports (one for input and one for output).
Heterogeneous photocatalytic nanomaterials: prospects and challenges in selective transformations of biomass-derived compounds (2013)

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has become a comprehensively studied area of research during the past three decades due to its practical interest in applications including water-air depollution, cancer therapy, sterilization, artificial photosynthesis (CO2 photoreduction), anti-fogging surfaces, heat transfer and heat dissipation, anticorrosion, lithography, photochromism, solar chemicals production and many others. The utilization of solar irradiation to supply energy or to initiate chemical reactions is already an established idea. Excited electron-hole pairs are generated upon light irradiation of a wide-band gap semiconductor which can be applied to solar cells to generate electricity or in chemical processes to create/degrade specific compounds. While the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis for pollutant abatement and mineralisation of contaminants has been extensively investigated, a new research avenue related to the selective valorisation of residues has recently emerged as a promising alternative to utilise solar light for the production of valuable chemicals and fuels. This tutorial review will focus on the potential and applications of solid photonanocatalysts for the selective transformation of biomass-derived substrates.
Fine Structure of the Sensilla and Immunolocalisation of Odorant Binding Proteins in the Cerci of the Migratory Locust,<i>Locusta migratoria</i> (2011)

Using light and electron microscopy (both scanning and transmission), we observed the presence of sensilla chaetica and hairs on the cerci of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Based on their fine structures, three types of sensilla chaetica were identified: long, medium, and short. Males presented significantly more numbers of medium and short sensilla chaetica than females (p<0.05). The other hairs can also be distinguished as long and short. Sensilla chaetica were mainly located on the distal parts of the cerci, while hairs were mostly found on the proximal parts. Several dendritic branches, enveloped by a dendritic sheath, are present in the lymph cavity of the sensilla chaetica. Long, medium, and short sensilla chaetica contain five, four and three dendrites, respectively. In contrast, no dendritic structure was observed in the cavity of the hairs. By immunocytochemistry experiments only odorant-binding protein 2 from L. migratoria (LmigOBP2) and chemosensory protein class I from the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forsskål (SgreCSPI) strongly stained the outer lymph of sensilla chaetica of the cerci. The other two types of hairs were never labeled. The results indicate that the cerci might be involved in contact chemoreception processes.
Reprints in English Studies (1974)

Reprints in English Studies Get access Richard W. Pound Richard W. Pound Deputy Librarian, King's CollegeLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 23, Issue 115, Spring 1974, Pages 22–26, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/23.115.22 Published: 01 March 1974
Copolymers of Glycidol and Glycidyl Ethers:  Design of Branched Polyether Polyols by Combination of Latent Cyclic AB<sub>2</sub> and ABR Monomers (2000)

Glycidol as latent branching AB2 monomer was used in combination with glycidyl ethers as linear AB comonomers for the preparation of hyperbranched random copolymers with controlled degree of polymerization (DPn = 42−72) and relatively low polydispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.7). Extending previous theoretical considerations, equations that permit to calculate the DB for AB2/AB copolymerizations under slow monomer addition conditions were derived. The degree of branching (DB) for the random copolymers of glycidol and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) as well as phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) was controlled by the comonomer ratio (DB = 9%−58%). Furthermore, comparable block copolymers of glycidol and AGE, i.e., multiarm star polymers, have been prepared by sequential addition of the monomers. Thermal behavior of all materials has been investigated with respect to copolymer composition. Furthermore, reactions of the random glycidol/AGE copolymers have been developed: (i) cleavage of the allyl groups, leading to linear 1,3-glycerol units bearing primary hydroxy groups; (ii) dihydroxylation of the double bond, leading to hyperbranched polyglycerols with enhanced DB; and (iii) hydroformylation with subsequent reductive amination, making use of the orthogonality of the OH and allyl functionalities.
Atomic-free irregular computations on GPUs (2013)

Atomic instructions are a key ingredient of codes that operate on irregular data structures like trees and graphs. It is well known that atomics can be expensive, especially on massively parallel GPUs, and are often on the critical path of a program. In this paper, we present two high-level methods to eliminate atomics in irregular programs. The first method advocates synchronous processing using barriers. We illustrate how to exploit synchronous processing to avoid atomics even when the threads' memory accesses conflict with each other. The second method is based on exploiting algebraic properties of algorithms to elide atomics. Specifically, we focus on three key properties: monotonicity, idempotency and associativity, and show how each of them enables an atomic-free implementation. We illustrate the generality of the two methods by applying them to five irregular graph applications: breadth-first search, single-source shortest paths computation, Delaunay mesh refinement, pointer analysis and survey propagation, and show that both methods provide substantial speedup in each case on different GPUs.
The Role of Fiscal Policy in an Incomplete Markets Framework (1993)

A general-equilibrium model is developed to highlight the link between neo-Keynesian models of unemployment and recent results on the constrained suboptimality of competitive economies with incomplete asset markets. Although the model deviates from the Arrow-Debreu paradigm only by the absence of some contingent claims, the competitive equilibrium exhibits under-employment and balanced-budget fiscal policies have Keynesian effects which are Pareto improving.
Trunk strength and mobility changes in children with slow transit constipation (2009)

The results show that STC children have reduced trunk control and posture, which indicates that clinicians should include training of trunk muscles and correction of sitting posture. There was no evidence that children with STC exercised less than the controls.
A Mutual Authentication Enabled Fair-Exchange and Anonymous E-Payment Protocol (2006)

In this paper, a practical electronic-payment (e-payment) protocol is presented for the purchase of digital products over the Internet. The proposed protocol realizes the true fair-exchange through a process of mutual authentication between the customer and the merchant, by which each party ensures that the item (product or payment) he/she is about to receive from the other party is valid and correct, whilst maintaining customer and merchant anonymity
Free radical scavenging and metal chelation by Tinospora cordifolia, a possible role in radioprotection. (2002)

Aqueous extract of T. cordifolia inhibited Fenton (FeSO4) reaction and radiation mediated 2-deoxyribose degradation in a dose dependent fashion with an IC50 value of 700 microg/ml for both Fenton and radiation mediated 2-DR degradation. Similarly, it showed a moderate but dose dependent inhibition of chemically generated superoxide anion at 500 microg/ml concentration and above with an IC50 value of 2000 microg/ml. Aqueous extract inhibited the formation of Fe2+-bipiridyl complex and formation of comet tail by chelating Fe2+ ions in a dose dependent manner with an IC50 value of 150 microg/ml for Fe2+-bipirydyl formation and maximally 200 microg/ml for comet tail formation, respectively. The extract inhibited ferrous sulphate mediated lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 1300 microg/ml and maximally (70%) at 2000 microg/ml. The results reveal that the direct and indirect antioxidant actions of T. cordifolia probably act in corroboration to manifest the overall radioprotective effects.
Joint Architecture for Unmanned Ground Systems (JAUGS) Applied to Autonomous Agricultural Vehicles (2013)

Autonomous technology is being developed in many industries and a common architecture is thekey to maximizing the benefit of these efforts. As stated in the Joint Architecture for UnmannedGround Systems (JAUGS) Domain Model, To effectively support all Unmanned GroundVehicle (UGV) systems, JAUGS must meet the following constraints: (1) Vehicle platformindependence, (2) Mission independence/isolation, (3) Computer hardware independence, (4)Technology independence. These four pillars of design make JAUGS an attractive foundationfor automated architectures in any industry. Since the design is independent of the application,automated system developers can leverage the vast array of technology being developed by andfor the Department of Energy, Department of Defense, and the Department of Justice. JAUGS isan evolving standard sponsored by the DOD Joint Robotics Project (JRP) and industryparticipation is encouraged in the working groups with ISO certification as the eventual target.The direct applicability of this standard in agriculture will be discussed along with the results ofa successful implementation. Automated systems have a great deal of commonality and astandard like JAUGS provides a conduit for sharing both hardware and software solutions acrossall platforms and applications.
The application of computing technology to interpersonal communication at the University of Dundee's Department of Applied Computing (1999)

This paper provides an overview of the major areas of research within the Department of Applied Computing at the University of Dundee. This research focuses on the areas of Interactive Communication Systems, Telecommunications and Remote Learning, Co
Reducing Overshoot in Human-Operated Flexible Systems (2010)

Input shaping accomplishes vibration reduction by slightly increasing the acceleration and deceleration periods of the command. The increase in the deceleration period can lead to system overshoot. This paper presents a new class of reduced-overtravel input shapers that are designed to reduce shaper-induced overtravel from human-operator commands. During the development of these new shapers, an expression for shaper-induced overtravel is introduced. This expression is used as an additional constraint in the input-shaper design process to generate the reduced-overtravel shapers. Experiments from a portable bridge crane verify the theoretical predictions of improved performance. Results from a study of eight industrial bridge crane operators indicate that utilizing the new reduced-overtravel input shapers dramatically reduces task completion time, while also improving positioning accuracy.
A competition-based connectionist model for information retrieval (2002)

In this paper, we adapt a competition-based connectionist model, which has been proposed for diagnostic problem solving, to information retrieval. In our model, documents are treated as "disorders" and user information needs as "manifestations", and a competitive activation mechanism is used which converges to a set of disorders that best explain the given manifestations. By combining the ideas of Bayesian inferencing and diagnostic inferencing using parsimonious covering theory, this model removes many difficulties of direct application of Bayesian inference to information retrieval, such as the unrealistically large number of conditional probabilities required as part of the knowledge base, the computational complexity, and unreasonable independence assumptions. Also, Bayesian inference strengthens the parsimonious covering model by providing a likelihood measure which can be used to rank documents as well as to guide the search to the most likely retrieval. We also incorporate two types of relevance information to improve the model. First, Roget's thesaurus is used to provide semantic relevance information among the index terms. Second, after the neural network has been initialized, it is trained using the available query-document relevance judgements. Our preliminary study demonstrate the efficiency and the retrieval precision of this model, comparable to or better than that of the Bayesian network models reported in the literature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SERUM REACTIONS AN ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL ANTIVENOMS AND THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF ANTICOMPLEMENTARY ACTIVITY IN DE‐NOVO REACTIONS TO ANTIVENOMS AND ANTITOXINS (1977)

Infusion of concentrated heterologous serum proteins may precipitate severe reactions in humans. Some of these reactions are not due to a preexisting hypersensitivity to the foreign protein, but rather to the strongly anticomplementary activity (ACA) of the infused protein. The latter mechanism could account for the occasional anaphylactoid reaction seen in a patient who has had no known previous exposure to the foreign protein. Similarly, it could account for the patient who fails to react to a preliminary subcutaneous trial dose, but then collapses when he is infused later with the same preparation. Nine commercial antivenoms from nine countries were examined and most were found to have high levels of anticomplementary activity. Considerable variation was found in both the immunochemical properties and the anticomplementary activity of these antivenoms. Antitoxins of equine origin to the toxins of diphtheria, tetanus and gas gangrene were also found to have high anticomplementary activity. Because of this activity these preparations should always be diluted and infused slowly. Lack of reaction to a test dose will never guarantee an uneventful infusion, and thus all infusions of heterologous immunoglobulin should be undertaken with the greatest caution and vigilance.
The rearrangement of glycicyl <i>N</i>‐phenylcarbamate (1970)

Abstract The thermal rearrangement of glycicyl N ‐phenylcarbamate yields 3‐phenyl‐4‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐oxazolidone and not 3‐phenyl‐5‐hydroxytetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazin‐2‐one as reported previously.