gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Carbonates from Aqueous Solutions Prior to Organic Carbon Determination (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElimination of Carbonates from Aqueous Solutions Prior to Organic Carbon DeterminationC. E. Van Hall, Dennis. Barth, and V. A. StengerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 6, 769–771Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60225a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60225a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recognition of Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep from Single-Channel EEG Data by Artificial Neural Networks: A Study in Depressive Patients with and without Amitriptyline Treatment (1996)

An automatic procedure for the online recognition of REM sleep appears to be a necessary tool for selective REM sleep deprivation in depressive patients. To develop such a procedure we applied an artificial neural network to preprocessed single-channel EEG activity. EOG and EMG information was purposely not provided as input to the network. A generalized back-propagation algorithm was used for computer simulation. The sleep profile scored manually according to Rechtschaffen and Kales served as the desired output during the training period and as standard for the judgement of the network output during working mode. Polysomnographic recordings from 5 healthy subjects were pooled to train the network, whereas second-night EEG recordings from the same subjects were used as independent working data sets. We further applied the network to the data of 5 depressive patients without medication and 6 depressive patients treated with amitriptyline. For these groups between 84.9 and 88.6% out of all time periods consisting of 20 s of continuous EEG activity were correctly classified. The indicator function of REM sleep was well approximated by the network output in the course of the night. Especially the REM onset was excellently recognized. The inclusion of patient data in the training set yielded a different network, which was evaluated and compared.
On the Design of Adaptive Cable-Driven Systems (2011)

Several systematic approaches have been developed for the optimal design of cable-based systems. Global indices are usually employed to quantify the effectiveness of a specific design inside a reference region of the workspace. The performances at the moving platform are strictly related to cable configuration, which, in turn, depends on the pose of the moving platform. As a result, traditional designs are characterized by the high variability of performances within the workspace and are often badly tailored to the design goals. The motivation behind this paper is to formalize a new design methodology for cable-driven devices. Based on a total or partial decoupling between cable disposition and end-effector pose, this methodology allows us to achieve well-tailored design solutions for a given design requirement. The resulting systems are here defined as adaptive cable-driven systems. Two simple design problems are presented and solved with both the traditional and the novel approaches, and the advantages of the latter are emphasized by comparing the resulting design solutions.
Autocrine growth inhibition of a cloned line of helper T cells. (1986)

The growth of T lymphocytes is dependent on the T-cell growth factor interleukin 2 (IL-2), which causes T cells bearing high-affinity receptors for IL-2 to proliferate. Most cloned helper-T-cell lines can be shown to both produce and respond to IL-2; thus, growth of such cells is by an autocrine mechanism. We report that the failure of the cloned murine T-cell line D10.G4.1 to respond to its own IL-2 results from the secretion, by the same cells, of a potent inhibitor of the IL-2-driven T-cell proliferative response. This inhibition can be overcome by increasing the number of IL-2 receptors expressed by the target cell. In the cloned T-cell line producing the inhibitory substance, this increase in IL-2 receptors is driven by the monokine interleukin-1. We propose that this inhibitor of IL-2 responses may play a role in preventing "bystander" activation of T cells by IL-2 released in vivo and could be a potent pharmacologic agent.
Aligning a DNA sequence with a protein sequence (1997)

We develop several algorithms for the problem of aligning a DNA sequence with a protein sequence.
<title>Noninvasive monitoring of brain tissue temperature by near-infrared spectroscopy</title> (2001)

We propose the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor neonatal brain temperature non-invasively and continuously during hypothermic treatment by measuring changes in the NIR water absorption spectrum. Accurate measurements of the water spectrum in the range 650-1050 nm between 42 and 32 degree(s)C have been made and calibrated using a principal component regression, giving a standard error of calibration of <0.1 degree(s)C for 3 or more principal components. In vivo attenuation spectra measured on the adult forearm as a function of temperature have been employed in a preliminary investigation. In order to predict tissue temperature from changes in the water spectrum, we must first account for the effects of light scattering and haemoglobin absorption. A non-linear difference technique based on diffusion theory has been used to reconstruct the total absorption for each tissue spectrum, with respect to an assumed initial state. Second derivative spectroscopy was used to estimate the initial tissue chromophore concentrations for the reference spectrum. A linear fit to the reconstructed absorption spectra was then performed, using the NIR chromophore spectra and the water loading vectors determined from the PCR calibration. Tissue temperature was predicted with a standard error of approximately 1 degree(s)C.
Sequential protein secretion from three distinct organelles of Toxoplasma gondii accompanies invasion of human fibroblasts. (1997)

Invasion of vertebrate cells by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is accompanied by regulated protein secretion from three distinct parasite organelles called micronemes, rhoptries, and dense granules. We have compared the kinetics of secretion from these different compartments during host cell invasion using immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, and quantitative immunoassays. Binding to the host cell triggered apical release of the micronemal protein MIC2 at the tight attachment zone that forms between the parasite and the host cell. In a second step, invagination of the host cell plasma membrane was initiated by discharge of the rhoptry protein ROP1 to form a nascent parasitophorous vacuole (PV). ROP1 was fully discharged into the vacuole by the time invasion was complete. In contrast to these very rapid early events, release of the dense granule markers GRA1 and NTPase was delayed until after the parasite was fully within the PV, eventually peaking at 20 min post-invasion. The sequential triggering of secretion from different organelles implies that their release is governed by separate signals and that their contents mediate distinct phases of intracellular parasitism.
CLXV.—The combustion of ethylene (1904)

W. A. Bone and R. V. Wheeler, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1904, 85, 1637 DOI: 10.1039/CT9048501637
Los modelos de financiación de las confesiones religiosas en Europa (2015)

El analisis del Derecho comparado europeo nos muestra un conjunto heterogeneo de sistemas de relacion financiera de los Estados con las confesiones religiosas. En lo que respecta a la financiacion directa, se distinguen tres modelos: 1) el tendente a la ausencia de financiacion (Francia), 2) el de colaboracion en la recaudacion de un tributo eclesiastico (Alemania) y 3) el de financiacion directa propiamente dicha. Este ultimo se divide en dos sub-modelos: el de dotacion presupuestaria pura, mediante colaboracion economica general y/o pago de los salarios y pensiones de los ministros de culto (Belgica), y el de asignacion tributaria (Italia). Por otra parte, la mayoria de Estados europeos otorgan una financiacion indirecta a las confesiones religiosas, bien mediante la concesion de determinados beneficios fiscales especificos, bien a traves de la aplicacion del regimen fiscal propio de las entidades sin animo de lucro y del mecenazgo. En Espana esta cuestion adquiere especial intensidad cualitativa, al aplicarse practicamente todos los mecanismos posibles de financiacion directa –salvo el impuesto religioso- y un amplio espectro de beneficios fiscales, en la indirecta. El trabajo opta por la autofinanciacion de las confesiones religiosas, mediante una paulatina y negociada supresion de la financiacion directa, asi como por la consecucion de un regimen tributario completamente homogeneo, regulado en la normativa de cada tributo o en la propia Ley 49/2002.
Design of a new high performance electrohydraulic actuator (1999)

This paper describes the design and prototyping of a new high performance actuation system that combines the benefits of conventional hydraulic systems and direct drive electrical actuators, namely high torque/mass ratio and modularity. It is referred to as the electrohydraulic actuator (EHA) and results from the fusion of the above mentioned technologies. EHA is a unique device with its own characteristics and requires hydraulic components that are specifically tailored to its needs and requirements. Based on a mathematical model of EHA, the requirements for its components are determined. These requirements are used as a basis for component selection, component modification, and design of a customized new symmetrical linear actuator. The analysis of EHA is supported by experimental data, and explains the extremely high level of performance attained by a prototype of EHA.
Über über den Mechanismus der säurekatalysierten Kondensationsreaktionen der Hydroxy‐flavane und Hydroxy‐flavanol‐(3) (1963)

Abstract Die von W. MAYER und F. MERGER 1 ) aufgestellten Umlagerungsmechanismen für die säurekatalysierten Kondensationsreaktionen des Catechins wurden überprüft 2,3 ). Der früher beschriebene Mechanismus 4,5 ) für die Selbstkondensation der Hydroxy‐flavane und ‐flavanole‐(3) wird bestätigt. Er. läß sich auf die Kondensationsreaktion des Catechnis mit Phloroglucin übertragen. Zu dem gleichen Ergebnis sind inzwischen auch W. MAYER et al. 6 ) gekommen. – Bei der Kondensation der Carbinole XI und XII mit Phloroglucin tritt eine Umätherung ein und führt nach Methylierung zu den Cumaron‐Derivaten V und VI. Die Umätherung wird durch Alkaliabbau von V und VI sowie durch die NMR‐Spektren bewiesen. Dehydrierung des methylierten Catechin‐Phloroglucin‐Kondensats III führt ebenfalls zu V.
Graphene oxide versus functionalized carbon nanotubes as a reinforcing agent in a PMMA/HA bone cement (2012)

Graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) (each in the concentration range of 0.01-1.00 wt/wt%) were investigated as the reinforcing agent in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/hydroxyapatite (HA) bone cement. Mixed results were obtained for the changes in the mechanical properties determined (storage modulus, bending strength, and elastic modulus) for the reinforced cement relative to the unreinforced counterpart; that is, some property changes were increased while others were decreased. We postulate that this outcome is a consequence of the fact that each of the nanofillers hampered the polymerization process in the cement; specifically, the nanofiller acts as a scavenger of the radicals produced during polymerization reaction due to the delocalized π-bonds. Results obtained from the chemical structure and polymer chain size distribution determined, respectively, by nuclear magnetic resonance and size exclusion chromatography analysis, on the polymer extracted from the specimens support the postulated mechanism. Furthermore, in the case of the 0.5 wt/wt% GO-reinforced cement, we showed that when the concentration of the radical species in the PMMA bone cement was doubled, mechanical properties markedly improved (relative to the value in the unreinforced cement), suggesting suppression of the aforementioned scavenger activity.
Transgenic mice that express Cre recombinase in osteoclasts (2004)

To study the physiological control of osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells, we generated transgenic mice carrying the Cre recombinase gene driven by either the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) or cathepsin K (Ctsk) promoters. TRAP-Cre and Ctsk-Cre transgenic mouse lines were characterized by breeding with LacZ ROSA 26 (R26R) reporter mice and immunohistochemistry for Cre recombinase. The Cre transgene was functional in all lines, with Cre-mediated recombination occurring primarily in the long bones, vertebrae, ribs, and calvaria. Histological analyses of the bones demonstrated that functional Cre protein was present in 1) osteoclasts (Ctsk-Cre); 2) osteoclasts, columnar proliferating, and hypertrophic chondrocytes (TRAP-Cre line 4); and 3) round proliferating chondrocytes (TRAP-Cre line 3). In conclusion, we generated transgenic mouse lines that will enable the deletion of floxed target genes in osteoclasts, which will be valuable tools for studying the regulation of osteoclast function.
Combinatorial CVD: New Oxynitride Photocatalysts (2010)

Combinatorial atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (cAPCVD) was used to synthesise a film with mixed gradating phases from pure orthorhombic pseudo-brookite Ti3-δO4N (0.06 < δ < 0.25) to interstitial N-doped anatase TiO2 on a single film. This is the first time such a mixed graduating system has been reported. The film was characterized via Raman mapping and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Film thicknesses were determined by Swanepoel method manipulations of UV-visible reflectance spectra and side-on scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using a novel flat-bed digital scanning technique, the photocatalytic activity of the film to dichloroindophenol (DCIP) degradation under 365 nm light was also mapped. This allowed for the systematic investigation on the effect of pseudo-brookite: interstitial N-doped anatase phase composition, indicating pseudo-brookite to be the more photocatalytically active material. Films synthesized by the cAPCVD route analysed in conjunction with mapping analysis tools is a shortcut to identifying numerous phases and compositions and their functional property relationships on a single film, offering a rapid method for analysis of phase-space.
John H. Wolfe (1990)

His many friends and colleagues were shocked to learn of the untimely death of John H. Wolfe on February 27, 1989. He had been a Senior Resident Research Associate at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California for the past year. John was well known as one of the pioneers of solar wind research, and was part of the “first wave” of scientists to be involved in the scintillating scientific opportunites that characterized what many now see as the golden age of space research. In addition to being principal investigator of numerous space experiments, John was deeply involved in the planning and execution of space missions.
Intrinsic localized mode and low thermal conductivity of PbSe (2017)

Lead chalcogenides such as PbS, PbSe, and PbTe are of interest for their exceptional thermoelectric properties and strongly anharmonic lattice dynamics. Although PbTe has received the most attention, PbSe has a lower thermal conductivity and a nonlinear temperature dependence of thermal resistivity despite being stiffer, trends that prior first-principles calculations have not fully reproduced. Here, we use ab initio calculations that explicitly account for strong anharmonicity and a computationally efficient stochastic phase-space sampling scheme to identify the origin of this low thermal conductivity as an anomalously large anharmonic interaction, exceeding in strength that in PbTe, between the transverse optic and longitudinal acoustic branches. The strong anharmonicity is reflected in the striking observation of an intrinsic localized mode that forms in the acoustic frequencies. Our work shows the deep insights into thermal phonons that can be obtained from ab initio calculations that do not rely on perturbations from the ground-state phonon dispersion.
Hydrophobic Domains in Thermogelling Solutions of Polyether-Modified Poly(Acrylic Acid) (2002)

The temperature-dependent aggregation in aqueous solutions of self-assembling graft copolymers of Pluronic (PEO−PPO−PEO triblock copolymers) and poly(acrylic acid) (Pluronic-PAA) has been studied using fluorescence techniques (steady-state intensity and depolarization and fluorescence lifetimes). Aggregates that form above the critical micellization temperatures (CMT) are micelle-like, with substantially dehydrated PPO core and hydrated PEO−PAA corona, and provide the physical cross-linking required for gelation. Unexpected hydrophobic domains have been observed below the CMT which provide an environment more hydrophobic than the micelles to pyrene and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and are related to the grafting density of the PAA onto the Pluronic copolymers.
Technology of gravity aided inertial navigation system and its trial in South China Sea (2015)

The technology of gravity aided inertial navigation system and its trial in South China Sea is presented in this study. The principle and technology are introduced and the results of its sea trial in South China Sea are illustrated and discussed. The gravity data was measured with marine gravimeter. After data preprocessing, multi‐model Kalman filter iterative algorithm is used to estimate position of the underwater vehicle in the stored gravity reference maps. At last the navigation results were compared with GPS's record, a 1.92 n miles optimal position accuracy of two actual marine trajectories is obtained. Furthermore, two aspects (the accuracy of measurements and gravity reference map, the gravity feature variations) and three key parameters, which influence the position accuracy, are discussed and analysed. The trial results show that the gravity aided inertial navigation system is feasible and effective, and the position accuracy of inertial navigation system can be obviously improved with this proposed navigation approach.
Transformation Control to an Inverted Pendulum for a Mobile Robot With Wheel-Arms Using Partial Linearization and Polytopic Model Set (2013)

This paper presents a shape transformation control method of a mobile robot with wheel-arms. The proposed method aims at transformation from a four-wheeled mode for high-speed mobility to an inverted pendulum mode, which has advantages of high viewing position and small turning radius. The transformation starts with lifting up the wheel-arms to raise the center of gravity of the whole robot including the main body and arms. From such initial states, the body is lifted up and controlled to the target angle by partial linearization, while returning the arms to the initial angle. Then, the robot position is controlled by manipulating the target body angle. Unlike existing methods, we take into account the effects of the body angular velocity and the tracking error of the body angle by constructing a model set, which is composed of a single nominal model and its polytopic uncertainty for the system matrices. In order to derive the model set, we assume that the target body angle is constrained to a prescribed range. Therefore, the target body angle is manipulated using a model predictive control method, such that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stabilized, while the given constraint is satisfied, for all systems in the model set. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in both simulations and real robot experiments.
Vortex grinding for mechanochemistry: application for automated supramolecular catalysis and preparation of a metal–organic framework (2012)

An automated grinding method based on a vortex mixer has been developed. The method enables simultaneous grinding and UV-irradiation, as well as in situ monitoring of solid-state reactivity. The method has been applied to a cocrystallization, supramolecular catalysis, and the preparation of a metal-organic framework.
Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of<i>N</i>-Carbamoyl Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Terminal Alkynes (2015)

The first catalytic asymmetric cross-dehydrogenative coupling of cyclic carbamates and terminal alkynes has been established. The reaction features high enantiocontrol and excellent functional group tolerance and displays a wide range of structurally and electronically diverse carbamates as well as terminal alkynes. N-Acyl hemiaminals were identified as the reactive intermediates through preliminary control experiments. Employing readily removable carbamates as substrates rather than traditionally adopted N-aryl amines allows applications in complex molecule synthesis and therefore advances the C-H functionalization strategy to a synthetically useful level.
Spontaneous electrical activity of interstitial cells of Cajal isolated from canine proximal colon. (1989)

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) have been suggested as pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal tract. A method was developed to isolate ICC from the slow-wave pacemaker region of the canine proximal colon. These cells were identified under phase-contrast microscopy, and their identity was verified by comparing their ultrastructure with the morphology of ICC in situ. Patch-clamp experiments demonstrated that these cells are excitable; voltage-dependent inward and outward currents were elicited by depolarization. Inward current transients were identified as calcium currents. A portion of the outward current appears to be due to Ca2+-activated K channels commonly expressed in these cells. ICC were also spontaneously active, generating electrical depolarizations similar in waveform to slow-wave events of intact colonic muscles. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that ICC initiate rhythmicity in the colon.
A low cost extension of spectrum analysers to dosimeters (2009)

The purpose of this paper is to extend spectrum analyzers to Radio Frequency (RF) radiation dosimeters. Three different existing measuring systems are examined. Portable spectrum analyzers are chosen as a starting point. Multiple extensions are proposed, but only the software extension called the Dosimeter software is implemented. The Dosimeter software extends spectrum analyzers to calculate the total power density and the electric and magnetic field strength, over an adjustable frequency band. Depending on the logged data, the power density or field strength can be showed as a function of time in different kinds of graphs. Common broadband measurements as well as some application measurements, like GSM and WiFi, are performed with the proposed solution.