gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glomerular Filtration Barrier Assembly: An insight (2013)

A glomerulus is the network of capillaries that resides in the Bowman's capsule that functions as a filtration unit of kidney. The glomerular function ensures that essential plasma proteins are retained in blood and the filtrate is passed on as urine. The glomerular filtration assembly is composed of three main cellular barriers that are critical for the ultrafiltration process, the fenestrated endothelium, glomerular basement membrane and highly specialized podocytes. The podocytes along with their specialized junctions "slit diaphragm" form the basic backbone of this filtration assembly. The presence of high amounts of protein in urine a condition commonly referred as proteinuria indicates a defective glomerular filtration barrier. Various glomerular disorders including Nephrotic syndrome are characterized by significant alteration in the structure of podocytes that is associated with prolonged increase in the glomerular permeability leading to heavy proteinuria. Recent identification of proteins that are specifically localized at the slit diaphragm whose mutations and knockouts are known to result in loss of renal function has significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular makeup of this filtration assembly. The present review is an effort to summarize the recent developments in this field and highlight our understanding of the glomerular filtration barrier assembly.
Large-Scale Transient Stability Simulation of Electrical Power Systems on Parallel GPUs (2011)

This paper proposes large-scale transient stability simulation based on the massively parallel architecture of multiple graphics processing units (GPUs). A robust and efficient instantaneous relaxation (IR)-based parallel processing technique which features implicit integration, full Newton iteration, and sparse LU-based linear solver is used to run the multiple GPUs simultaneously. This implementation highlights the combination of coarse-grained algorithm-level parallelism with fine-grained data-parallelism of the GPUs to accelerate large-scale transient stability simulation. Multithreaded parallel programming makes the entire implementation highly transparent, scalable, and efficient. Several large test systems are used for the simulation with a maximum size of 9,984 buses and 2,560 synchronous generators all modeled in detail resulting in matrices that are larger than 20, 000 × 20, 000.
Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines Is Inhibited by the Somatostatin Analog BIM23014* (1991)

Somatostatin has been shown to lower plasma levels of various hormones and growth factors involved in regulation of the growth of human breast cells. In the present study we examined the ability of the somatostatin octapeptide analog BIM23014 to modulate the in vitro growth of five human breast cell lines: HBL100, Hs578T, MDAMB231, T47D, and MCF7. BIM23014 inhibited the growth of the two steroid-dependent cell lines, MCF7 and T47D, in a dose-related manner. This inhibitory effect was only observed when MCF7 and T47D cells were cultivated in medium containing steroid-depleted serum. The growth of a MCF7 variant capable of growth in serum-free medium was also inhibited by BIM23014, indicating that serum factors are not required for this inhibition. In the serum-free medium, the addition of estradiol before or during treatment with BIM23014 abolished its inhibitory effects on cell growth. The studies including time course, competitive inhibition, and cross-linking of iodinated BIM23014 to its receptor revealed a specific binding on MCF7 cells and showed a single 57,000 mol wt protein band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results support the hypothesis that BIM23014 inhibits the growth of steroid-receptor positive cells of human breast cancers through its own receptor in estradiol-free conditions.
Adsorption of Janus particles to curved interfaces (2007)

We investigate the adsorption of a spherical Janus particle to a spherically curved liquid-liquid interface. We show that the equilibrium contact angle is determined by the geometry of the particle, its wettability, and also the interfacial curvature. In contrast with a homogeneous particle, there is a preferred interfacial curvature (spontaneous curvature) due to the Janus particle when the particle satisfies certain conditions.
Glucose-stimulated synthesis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in rat liver. Dephosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate, 2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase and activation by a sugar phosphate (1994)

The effect of glucose on hepatic fructose (Fru) 2,6-P2 in starved rats was investigated. When livers were perfused with high glucose (40 mM), hexose-P in the liver increased immediately reaching the maximum within in 2 min, but Fru 2,6-P2 after a lag period of 4 min increased linearly. The activation of Fru 6-P,2-kinase and inactivation of Fru 2,6-Pase also showed a similar lag period. Determination of the phosphate contents of the bifunctional enzyme after 10 min of glucose perfusion revealed that 90% of the enzyme was in the dephospho form while only 10% of the control liver enzyme was dephosphorylated. Comparison of crude extracts of liver perfused with either high glucose or normal glucose (5.6 mM) showed that high glucose livers contained 50% higher protein phosphatase activity, which dephosphorylated the bifunctional enzyme. Subcellular fractionation of the extract showed that activation of the protein phosphatase occurred in the cytosol. Desalting of the cytosolic fraction resulted in a 50% loss of the protein phosphatase activity. The low molecular weight activator in the cytosol was isolated, and by various chemical and enzymatic methods it was identified as xylulose 5-P. The activation of protein phosphatase by xylulose 5-P showed a highly sigmoidal saturation curve. The rate of formation of xylulose 5-P in the perfused liver showed a lag period of approximately 2 min, and after 4 min its concentration reached 10 microM, the minimum concentration necessary for the activation of the protein phosphatase. We conclude that the mechanism of glucose-induced Fru 2,6-P2 synthesis was not due to increased Fru 6-P as generally thought but occurred as a result of dephosphorylation of Fru 6-P,2-kinase:Fru 2,6-Pase. Moreover, the dephosphorylation was enhanced by increased xylulose 5-P, which activated a specific protein phosphatase. The results suggest a mechanism for coordinated regulation of glycolysis and the pentose shunt pathway that is mediated by xylulose 5-P.
Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (cachectin) in experimental and clinical bacterial meningitis (1989)

MUSTAFA, MAHMOUD M. MD; RAMILO, OCTAVIO MD; SAEZ-LLORENS, XAVIER MD; MERTSOLA, JUSSI MD; MCCRACKEN, GEORGE H. JR. MD Author Information
Analysis of large system black-box test data (2003)

Studies black box testing and verification of large systems. Testing data is collected from several test teams. A flat, integrated database of test, fault, repair, and source file information is built. A new analysis methodology based on the black box test design and white box analysis is proposed. The methodology is intended to support the reduction of testing costs and enhancement of software quality by improving test selection, eliminating test redundancy, and identifying error prone source files. Using example data from AT&T systems, the improved analysis methodology is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual-Target Virtual Screening by Pharmacophore Elucidation and Molecular Shape Filtering (2012)

Dual-target inhibitors gained increased attention in the past years. A novel in silico approach was employed for the discovery of dual 5-lipoxygenase/soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. The ligand-based approach uses excessive pharmacophore elucidation and pharmacophore alignment in conjunction with shape-based scoring. The virtual screening results were verified in vitro, leading to nine novel inhibitors including a dual-target compound.
Review: Therapies for interstitial lung disease: past, present and future (2008)

As our understanding of the pathobiology and natural history of the various forms of interstitial lung disease (ILD) has evolved, so have our approaches to treating this heterogeneous group of lung disorders. The earliest pharmacologic agents used to treat various forms of ILD were corticosteroids, and corticosteroids are currently the mainstay of therapy for many forms of ILD. However, it has become clear that corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents lack efficacy for many forms of ILD, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and newer therapies that are in clinical trials target the fibrogenic process and/or secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) that is present in various forms of fibrotic lung disease. Novel therapies, such as the use of biologic agents (antibodies and cell cycle inhibitors) or stem cell therapies will undoubtedly evolve as new research is performed and clinical trials are undertaken. Lung transplantation remains an option for advanced lung disease that is progressive and unresponsive to non-surgical therapies.
A multilayer-architecture for SNMP-based, distributed and hierarchical management of local area networks (2002)

In 'traditional' SNMP-management, the management task is divided into two layers: agents and managers. The agents provide management data that is read out and processed by the manager. In this paper this architecture is expanded by an intermediate layer. Preprocessors an introduced which behave like a manager in the view of an agent and behave like an agent in the view of a manager. They read out the information in the MIBs of the agents, process it and make it available to the manager in another MIB. The preprocessors offer frequently used network management functions with a standardized interface to ease the workload of management applications. Traffic on the network caused by the management is reduced as well. The realization of such preprocessors is shown in an example for a MIB providing statistics, limit surveillance, history and prognosis functionality.
Immunotherapy for cancer: construction, expression and functional characterization of chimeric antibodies. (1996)

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are a potential key component for the treatment of cancer, because of their specificity and multiple effector functions. Hybridoma technology and progress in genetic engineering made it possible to customize antibody molecules, rendering them more suitable for selective application. A widely used technique is the construction of mouse-human hybrid molecules by recombinant DNA techniques. These so-called chimeric antibodies contain the murine variable (V) regions fused to the human constant (C) regions. In this report, a general approach is described for the production of chimeric antibodies. The gene segments encoding the murine variable heavy and light chain are isolated by the polymerase chain reaction and cloned into expression vectors containing the human gamma 1 heavy chain gene and the human K light chain gene, respectively. Subsequently, these constructs are transfected into a non-Ig-producing murine hybridoma, eg SP2/0 cells. The in vitro study of the functional characteristics and biological properties of the thus obtained chimeric antibodies are discussed.
Die nominelle Kapitalerhöhung (1967)

Bei der nominellen oder formellen Erhöhung des Grundkapitals von Aktiengesellschaften im Gegensatz zur effektiven Kapitalerhöhung mit Zufluß neuer Mittel erhalten die Aktionäre neue Aktien ohne Gegenleistung. Ein Unternehmen, das solcherart Aktien begibt, erhöht sein Grundkapital „aus Gesellschaftsmitteln“ zu Lasten der Rücklagen oder des Verlust- und Gewinnkontos, wenn Erträgnisse gänzlich oder teilweise nicht als Dividenden ausgezahlt werden. Die Ausgabe von Gratisaktien bewirkt lediglich eine Umbuchung von den genannten Konten auf das Grundkapitalkonto, auf dem zusätzlich satzungsmäßig und bilanziell gebundenes Aktienkapital entsteht, das sich dadurch dem Reinvermögen nähert oder angleicht1).
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an effective alternative approach to control fungal infections (2015)

Skin mycoses are caused mainly by dermatophytes, which are fungal species that primarily infect areas rich in keratin such as hair, nails, and skin. Significantly, there are increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance among dermatophytes, especially for Trichophyton rubrum, the most frequent etiologic agent worldwide. Hence, investigators have been developing new therapeutic approaches, including photodynamic treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes a photosensitive substance activated by a light source of a specific wavelength. The photoactivation induces cascades of photochemicals and photobiological events that cause irreversible changes in the exposed cells. Although photodynamic approaches are well established experimentally for the treatment of certain cutaneous infections, there is limited information about its mechanism of action for specific pathogens as well as the risks to healthy tissues. In this work, we have conducted a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of PDT as it specifically applies to fungal diseases. The data to date suggests that photodynamic treatment approaches hold great promise for combating certain fungal pathogens, particularly dermatophytes.
Bulk <i>c</i>-axis texture in Ho-Ba-Cu-O material produced by magnetic annealing (1991)

A novel technique, consisting of the application of a magnetic field during grain growth process for materials having an anisotropy of the normal state paramagnetic susceptibility, has been tested on the example of HoBa2Cu3O7−δ (HoBCO) superconducting compound. It has been experimentally observed that the application of an 8-T magnetic field during sintering results in a directional growth of microcrystals and considerable bulk degree of grain alignment. A combination of x-ray, magnetic and optical measurements gives evidence that the degree of c-axis texture, produced by this technique, can approach 100%.
Effect of chlorination on estrogenicity in chlorinated treated effluent (2006)

Effluents from sewage treatment plants can be discharged into rivers with estrogenic contaminants at levels sufficient to induce adverse reproductive and fertility developments in humans and wildlife. Of great concern in recent years are the estrogenic activities of chlorinated by-products (CBPs) in effluents. Simplified cell proliferation tests using the human estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 ATCC breast cancer cells (E-SCREEN) were performed to investigate the influence of chlorination on the estrogenicity in effluents. It was found that the increase of chlorine dosages from 0 mg/L to 4 mg/L led to the decrease of total content of estrogenic activity: the 17ß-estradiol equivalent concentration (EEQ) from 22.40 to 8.35 ng/L. However, the increase of contact time from 10–30 minutes increased EEQ from 14.04 to 29.97 ng/L. Furthermore, increasing TOC level using humic acid from 5 mg/L to 15 mg/L in effluents correspondingly resulted in an increase of EEQ from 19.69–27.20 ng/L; it was thus confirmed that chlorination of humic acid could produce estrogenic by-products.
Food components with potential therapeutic benefits: the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of fish oils (1986)

Recent research findings are reviewed concerning the possible beneficial effects of consuming fish oils containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA's) with particular reference to reducing ischemic heart disease and thromboembolic risk. Topics include: the relationship between fat intake composition and heart disease risk; metabolic actions of unsaturated fatty acids, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes; dietary studies involving fish oils and n-3 PUFA's; the inhibition of mammary carcinoma by fish oil n-3 PUFA's; the degree of synthesis of prostaglandins and eicosanoids in disease states; and the mode of action of n-3 PUFA's on thrombosis and their therapeutic dosage levels.(wz)
Influence of Particle Volume Fraction on Packing in Responsive Hydrogel Colloidal Crystals (2003)

We describe the influence of particle concentration on the formation of crystals from soft colloidal particles. Specifically, laser scanning confocal and differential interference contrast microscopies are used to directly observe the packing in entropic crystals formed from submicron-sized particles composed of the thermoresponsive polymer poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAm) and the thermoresponsive/pH-responsive copolymer poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid (pNIPAm-AAc). Close-packed crystals are observed when either the pNIPAm and pNIPAm-AAc particles are concentrated by centrifugation. At that point the particle−particle spacing is smaller than the hydrodynamic diameter as determined by photon correlation spectroscopy, reflecting compression of the soft particles. Upon dilution of the pNIPAm crystals, the melting point of the assembly is reached when the repulsive particle interactions are no longer sufficient to dictate long-range order in the assembly. However, excellent crystallization is observed even after a 9-fold dilution of the acrylic acid-containing particles, whereupon the particle size and hence the center-to-center particle spacing is observed to be more than twice that of the original sample. These results are not explainable using a simple hard-sphere packing model, which would predict crystal melting upon dilution, and are therefore interpreted in terms of particle compressibility (for higher concentration samples) as well as an attractive pair- or multibody-potential (for low-concentration samples).
<title>Growth and properties of semiconductor bolometers for infrared detection</title> (1995)

This paper describes the growth and properties of micro-machined semiconductor microbolometers. These thermally isolated structures are employed in uncooled infrared detectors developed at the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO). Recent research is focused towards developing high performance bolometers from the amorphous and more recently the microcrystalline phases of the SiGe:H material system. Particular attention is given to materials and material growth techniques that maximize the responsivity and minimize the electronic excess noise. The basic design, materials science, and performance of these bolometers for detecting infrared radiation are described in this paper.
Direct execution models of processor behavior and performance (1987)

This paper discusses a modeling technique for creating efficient instruction level simulation models of von Neumann processors. In contrast to traditional approaches which use a software interpreter, this technique employs direct execution of application programs on the host computer. An assembly language program for the target machine is decompiled to a high level language, instrumented, and then recompiled and executed on the host computer. A prototype implementation modeling the Motorola MC68010 microprocessor is described, and the efficiency and accuracy of this prototype is reported. It is demonstrated that the direct execution technique can be used to produce highly accurate simulation models which are orders of magnitude faster than register transfer level simulators.
A mechanical surface adhesive using micromachined silicon structures (1991)

The authors have developed a velcro-like mechanical fastening system, capable of joining two surfaces together without chemical bonding, using silicon micromachining techniques. Using conventional processes, microscopic structures are fabricated that mechanically interlock with matching, identically processed substrates. The interlocking is accomplished by the elastic deflection of SiO2 flanges angled in such a way that the bond is permanent. Each structure is 18 mu m*18 mu m by 12 mu m high; there are approximately 200000 individual structures per cm2 of substrate, resulting in a strong bond. Preliminary measurements show the tensile strength of the bond to be in excess of 380 kPa (55 psi); the shear strength is similarly high. Applications for this 'mechanical adhesive' technology include medical uses (i.e. joining tissues), integrated circuit packaging, and interfacing of microdynamic machines to the macroscopic world.
Bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil from Antarctic vascular plants of Admiralty Bay, maritime Antarctica (2010)

The Antarctic is a pristine environment that contributes to the maintenance of the global climate equilibrium. The harsh conditions of this habitat are fundamental to selecting those organisms able to survive in such an extreme habitat and able to support the relatively simple ecosystems. The DNA of the microbial community associated with the rhizospheres of Deschampsia antarctica Desv (Poaceae) and Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) BartI (Caryophyllaceae), the only two native vascular plants that are found in Antarctic ecosystems, was evaluated using a 16S rRNA multiplex 454 pyrosequencing approach. This analysis revealed similar patterns of bacterial diversity between the two plant species from different locations, arguing against the hypothesis that there would be differences between the rhizosphere communities of different plants. Furthermore, the phylum distribution presented a peculiar pattern, with a bacterial community structure different from those reported of many other soils. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in almost all the analyzed samples, and there were high levels of anaerobic representatives. Also, some phyla that are dominant in most temperate and tropical soils, such as Acidobacteria, were rarely found in the analyzed samples. Analyzing all the sample libraries together, the predominant genera found were Bifidobacterium (phylum Actinobacteria), Arcobacter (phylum Proteobacteria) and Faecalibacterium (phylum Firmicutes). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first major bacterial sequencing effort of this kind of soil, and it revealed more than expected diversity within these rhizospheres of both maritime Antarctica vascular plants in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, which is part of the South Shetlands archipelago.
Biomechanical modeling of anterior spine instrumentation in AIS. (2006)

This study is part of a larger project regarding the development of a Spine Surgery Simulator (S3), which has shown good results for posterior instrumentation surgeries. The aim was to develop a biomechanical model for the anterior instrumentation of the scoliotic spine. A biomechanical model using flexible mechanism was developed and surgical manoeuvres (instrumentation, rod installation and compression) were reproduced. Validation of the model was done by comparing the results for the instrumented part of the spine to the post-operative data (analytical Cobb angles in the frontal and sagittal planes, plane of maximum deformity, etc.). To date, surgeries of four patients operated by thoracotomy were reproduced. Preliminary results show that anterior instrumentation of the scoliotic spine can be adequately modelled using pre-operative geometric data and using mechanical properties from literature. Once validated with a larger sample of cases, the anterior instrumentation model could be implemented into S3 and used by orthopaedic surgeons to test various instrumentation strategies in virtual reality before performing the actual surgery.
Documents Illustrative of the History of the Slave Trade to America. Vol. III, New England and the Middle Colonies (1933)

Documents Illustrative of the History of the Slave Trade to America. Edited by Elizabeth Donnan. Vol. III, New England and the Middle Colonies. (Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1932. xiii+553 pp.) Get access V. W. Crane V. W. Crane University of Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 20, Issue 1, June 1933, Page 102, https://doi.org/10.2307/1902332 Published: 01 June 1933