gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Human B Cell RAG-associated Gene,hBRAG, as a B Cell Receptor Signal-enhancing Glycoprotein Dimer That Associates with Phosphorylated Proteins in Resting B Cells (2000)

Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies against the hBRAG (human B cell RAG-associated gene) protein were generated to characterize hBRAG at the biochemical level. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation experiments with these antibody reagents demonstrate that this protein can be expressed in B cells as a membrane-integrated glycoprotein disulfide-linked dimer. However, both glycosylated and unglycosylated isoforms of hBRAG are detectable with these reagents. Additionally, their use in cell surface biotinylation and flow cytometry reveals subcellular hBRAG pools both at cell surface and intracellular locations. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments with hBRAG antisera detected the association of hBRAG with phosphorylated proteins in resting B cells, including the protein tyrosine kinase Hck, which is subsequently dephosphorylated upon B cell receptor (BCR) ligation. Consistent with its cell surface expression and possible link to BCR signaling, experiments in which alpha-hBRAG antibodies were used to generate early activation signals suggest a modest but specific element of tyrosine phosphorylation occurring through a putative hBRAG receptor. Additional experiments also suggest that hBRAG may be involved in positively enhancing BCR ligation-mediated early activation events. Collectively, these results are consistent with a function for hBRAG as a B cell surface signaling receptor molecule. Coupled with the earlier observation that hBRAG expression correlates with early and late B cell-specific RAG expression, we submit that hBRAG may mediate regulatory signals key to B cell development and/or regulation of B cell-specific RAG expression.
10-Gbps forward error correction system for 120-GHz-band wireless transmission (2010)

We are developing elemental technologies for next-generation high-speed wireless links for transmitting program materials in live broadcasts. In particular, we are developing a 10-Gbps forward error correction (FEC) system for transmitting multiplexed HD-SDI wireless signals in the 120-GHz-band. The system can send error-free 10-Gbps data transmissions over a distance of 3 km. This paper describes FEC for 120-GHz-band wireless transmissions and the results of indoor and outdoor transmission experiments that measured the BER characteristics of transmission using 10-Gbps FEC systems.
An electron microscopic study of the development of axons and dendrites by hippocampal neurons in culture. I. Cells which develop without intercellular contacts (1984)

We have studied the processes which are elaborated by hippocampal neurons in dissociated cell culture. Nerve cells, which were obtained from fetal rats at 18 to 20 days of gestation, were plated at very low density onto polylysine-treated coverslips and were maintained in serum-free medium. Under such conditions, some cells develop without contacting any neighboring neurons or glial cells. Examples of such isolated cells which had developed for 1 week in culture were studied first by light microscopy, then they were sectioned parallel to the substratum so that all portions of the cell and its processes could be examined by electron microscopy. Dendrites and axons could be clearly distinguished by both light and electron microscopy. Dendrites were rather thick at the base but tapered rapidly to a minimum diameter of about 0.5 micron and contained polyribosomes throughout their length. Axons, which were several times longer than the dendrites, were thinner at the origin, tapered much less, and were essentially ribosome-free. These ultrastructural differences were particularly obvious at branch points, where cytoplasmic organelles tend to accumulate. Clusters of polyribosomes were invariably present at dendritic branch points, but they were never observed at axonal branch points. The axons most commonly arose from the proximal portion of a dendrite rather than directly from the cell body as they typically do in situ. These observations show that the fundamental differences in form and in the distribution of ribosomes between axons and dendrites can be established in cell culture. Contact with afferent fibers or with target cells during the period of process outgrowth is unnecessary for the expression of these features of axonal and dendritic differentiation.
The 'most probable number' method for enumerating infective propagules of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil (1979)

Estimates of the number of infective propagules of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) endophytes in two soils were obtained using a most probable number (MPN) method. These estimates were compared with counts of the number of spores in the same soils obtained using a conventional wet sieving method. In one soil, there was good agreement between the number of coarse endophyte propagules, estimated by the MPN technique, and the number of germinable spores extracted using the wet sieving technique. However, a large population of fine endophyte propagules (more than 230 per 50 g soil) could only be enumerated using the MPN technique. In the second soil, fewer coarse endophyte propagules were found using the wet sieving technique than when using the MPN technique. The MPN technique appears to give a more realistic estimate of the number of infective propagules of VA endophytes in field soils than the conventional method.
Synthesis of Some Substituted Alkyl Derivatives of Phthalic and Isophthalic Acids (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Some Substituted Alkyl Derivatives of Phthalic and Isophthalic AcidsR. A. CLENDINNING and W. H. RAUSCHERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 8, 2963–2965Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01066a081https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01066a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views300Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by exposure and/or cognitive restructuring: a controlled study. (1998)

Both prolonged exposure and cognitive restructuring were each therapeutic on their own, were not mutually enhancing when combined, and were each superior to relaxation.
Role of protein methylation in agonist-induced signal transduction in human platelets. (1992)

Possible role of methylation of proteins in platelet activation was examined in this study. Electropermeabilized platelets incorporated radioactivity in the presence of [methyl-3H]-S-adenosylmethionine. Thrombin, PDBu and GTP gamma S increased incorporation of radioactivity in a time-dependent manner. In other experiments, 23 kD membrane proteins incorporated radioactivity in the presence of [methyl-3H]-S-adenosylmethionine and platelet cytosol. Using rap specific antisera the 23 kD methylated proteins were characterized as low Mr G proteins, known as rap1 proteins. N-Acetyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine (AFC), an inhibitor of the methyltransferase, inhibited carboxyl methylation of platelet rap1 proteins and also inhibited platelet aggregation and mobilization of cytosolic calcium induced by a variety of agonists in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of methylation of rap1 proteins as well as inhibition of platelet activation by AFC suggests that methylation and consequently translocation of rap1 proteins to plasma membrane may be important for agonist-induced signal transduction in human platelets.
Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase Suppresses Intestinal Adenomas in <i>Apc</i> Min/+ Mice (2007)

Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prevent some cases of colon cancer by inhibiting prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. PGE(2) promotes colon neoplasia, as shown by knockout mouse studies on enzymes and receptors in the PG cascade. A few experiments 20 to 30 years ago suggested that PGD(2) may suppress tumors, but a role for biosynthetic enzymes for PGD(2) in tumor development has not been studied. We report here that disruption of the gene for hematopoietic PGD synthase in Apc(Min/+) mice led to approximately 50% more intestinal adenomas compared with controls. Tumor size was not affected. By immunohistochemistry, we detected hematopoietic PGD synthase mainly in macrophages and monocytes of the gut mucosa. The mean number of tumors did not increase with knockout of the gene for the lipocalin type of the enzyme, which is not produced in the intestine. On the other hand, Apc(Min/+) mice with transgenic human hematopoietic PGD synthase tended to have 80% fewer intestinal adenomas. The transgene produced high mRNA levels (375-fold over endogenous). There was a suggestion of higher urinary excretion of 11beta-PGF(2alpha) and a lower excretion of a PGE(2) metabolite in transgenic mice, but differences (30-40%) were not statistically significant. The results support an interpretation that hematopoietic PGD synthase controls an inhibitory effect on intestinal tumors. Further studies will be needed to prove possible mechanisms, such as routing of PG production away from protumorigenic PGE(2) or inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappaB cascade by PGD(2) metabolites.
Vibration mode frequency formulae for micromechanical scanners (2005)

A torsional scan mirror suspended with two flexure beams can be used in various display, imaging and other scanning applications. Using various mirror shapes and flexure dimensions as parameters, a set of analytical formulae is presented to predict the natural frequency of the first five vibration modes, which are torsion, in-plane and out-of-plane sliding modes and in-plane and out-of-plane rocking modes. Mode frequencies are compared with the finite element model (FEM) predictions using ANSYS™ for a wide range of flexure beam dimensions. The formulae include the effective inertia of the flexure beams and orthotropic material anisotropy effects. The analytical formulae are verified for both isotropic (e.g. steel) and orthotropic (e.g. silicon) materials. These formulae work very well when the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory assumptions and the rigid mirror assumption are satisfied. The accuracy of analytical predictions is improved by introducing an empirical correction factor to the analytical predictions using non-dimensional flexure beam ratios. The correction factor reduces the error between analytical formulae and FEM predictions to within a few per cent for all five modes for a large range of flexure dimensions. FEM predictions and analytical formulae are partly verified by experimental results.
Progress in revolutionary propulsion physics (2011)

Prior to 1988, traversable wormholes were just science fiction. Prior to 1994, warp drives were just fiction. Since then, these notions matured into published scientific discourse, where key issues and unknowns continue to be raised and investigated. In 2009, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics published a peer-reviewed, expansive technical volume on these and other investigations toward breakthrough propulsion. This paper summarizes the key assertions from that 739-page volume, describing the collective state-of-the-art and candidate research steps that will lead to discovering if, or how, such breakthroughs might finally be achieved. Coverage includes: prerequisites for space drive physics, manipulating gravity or inertia for propulsion, lessons from superconductor experiments, null results with "lifters", implications of photon momentum in media, quantum vacuum physics, and the faster-than-light implications of general relativity and quantum non-locality.
Manual of Pulmonary Function Testing (1987)

Chapter 1. Indications for Pulmonary Function Testing Chapter 2. Spirometry and Related Tests Chapter 3. Lung Volumes and Gas Distribution Tests Chapter 4. Ventilation and Ventilatory Control Tests Chapter 5. Diffusing Capacity Tests Chapter 6. Blood Gases and Related Tests Chapter 7. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests Chapter 8. Specialized Test Regimens Chapter 9. Pulmonary Function Equipment Chapter 10. Quality Assurance in the Pulmonary Function Laboratory APPENDICES A. Answers to Self Assessment Questions B. Reference Values C. Conversion and Correction Factors D. Regulation and Regulatory Agencies E. Equations F. Sample Calculations G. The Mean and the Standard Deviation GLOSSARY
A Standalone RFID and NFC Based Healthcare (2013)

NFC is a standards-based, short-range wireless connectivity technology that enables simple and safe two-way interactions between electronic devices. The concept is based on combination of smartcard and contactless interconnection technologies; NFC is compatible with todays field proven RFIDtechnology. If this technology is used for identification of patient in hospital, it will be very useful. Patients have different illness. When doctors operate patients or exanimate patients, if the doctor confuses the disease of patient, a fatal medical circumstance may occur. If RFID and NFC technology is used for this case, we can easily protect patients from fatal medical mistakes. It has the potential to make almost all wireless technologies and also the applications on these technologies easy enough so that everyone, even the non-technical can use them. Technological development and modern medicine practices are amongst the outstanding factors triggering this shift. This trend is resulting in a greater demand for health care-related services and greater competition among health care providers. Achieving a high operational efficiency in the health care sector is an essential goal for organizational performance evaluation. Efficiency uses to be considered as the primary indicator of hospital performance. In order to bring down the cost and improve efficiency, intelligent systems can play a significant role in providing intelligently processed and personalized information about patients to doctors, their health care staff (i.e. nurses) and health care administrators
Diffusion and bubble point testing of microporous cartridge filters: electromechanical methods. (1983)

The Automatic Diffusion Tester (Millipore), Electronic Forward Flow Test Kit (Pall), and Sartocheck (Sartorius) filter test machines were evaluated for diffusion/bubble point testing of pleated membrane filter cartridges. Each machine performed according to the claims of the manufacturer and each was validated by means of simple tests. Each of the machines was unique in some particular, and each of them can be considered a useful adjunct to the evaluation and control of process filters.
Where are the sequences that control multicellular development in filamentous fungi (2009)

We describe a wide-ranging data-mining exercise to search for homologies to gene sequences assigned to the category „development‟ in the Gene Ontology Consortium AmiGo database (http://www.geneontology.org/GO.database.shtml) across all three of the crown group of eukaryote kingdoms. Internet web-agents were used to automate the similarity searches for 552 such developmental sequences in 1069 genomes. It emerged that only 78 of the sequences are shared between all three Kingdoms, 72 are shared only between fungi and animals, 58 sequences are shared between plants and fungi, and 4 sequences were common only to Dictyostelium and fungi. No sequences were strictly fungus specific, but 68 occurred only in plants (Viridiplantae) and 239 occurred only in animals (Metazoa). Although some homology was indicated for a total of 219 fungal sequences, 143 (65%) of the matches returned were assigned E-values of 0.05 and were not considered significant. These findings show that there are no resemblances between the crown group of eukaryotic Kingdoms in the ways they control and regulate their developmental processes. Current understanding of phylogenetic relationships is that the major kingdoms of eukaryotes separated from one another at a stage prior to the multicellular grade of organization. Consequently, in the course of their evolutionary history these very different organisms may have found different strategies to solve the same sorts of morphogenetic control problems. Finally, this means, in particular, that we are currently totally ignorant of the way fungi regulate their multicellular development.
Does a Centralized Clock for Ageing Exist? (1990)

It is proposed that a centralized clock controlling ageing is located in the pineal gland with the calcification process occurring there providing a highly accurate bio-inorganic timing mechanism and the secreted melatonin carrying a signal to all cells in the organism. An explicit programme of data gathering and experiments suitable for the falsification of the proposal, which is consistent with presently known anatomical and physiological facts, is presented. The underlying motivation comes from evolutionary biology and the invariance, that is the allometry, of life expectancy curves.
EPR AND OPTICAL ABSORPTION STUDIES OF <font>Mn</font><sup>2+</sup> IONS IN ALKALI BOROTELLURITE GLASSES (2002)

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption spectra of Mn 2+ ions in alkali borotellurite glass systems have been studied. The EPR spectra of all the glass samples exhibit three resonance signals at g ≈ 2.0, g ≈ 3.3 and g ≈ 4.3. A six line hyperfine structure has also been observed at g ≈ 2.0. The concentration and temperature dependence of EPR signals were studied for Mn 2+ ions in potassium borotellurite glass samples. The zero-field splitting parameter D has been calculated for different alkali borotellurite glass samples from the intensities of the allowed hyperfine lines. The paramagnetic susceptibility was calculated from the EPR data at various temperatures and the Curie constant was calculated from the 1/χ versus T graph. The optical absorption spectrum exhibits a single broad band near 498 nm and this has been attributed to the spin-allowed 5 E g → 5 T 2g transition of Mn 3+ ions in octahedral symmetry. The optical band gap energy (E opt ) and Urbach energy (Δ E) were calculated from their ultraviolet edges. The optical band gap energy varies between 3.38 and 3.61 eV and increases from Li to K glasses.
Anton Exchange Adsorption of Some Metals from Mixed Solvents (1957)

Abstract 1) It was found that the addition of some organic solvents such as methanolethanol, n-propanol and acetone to the hydrochloric acid solution of zinc(II) and copper(II) increases the anion exchange adsorption of the elements in the range of relatively low hydrochloric acid concentrations (less than 2 m). In the 0.1 m hydrochloric acid solution, the straight line relation between log Kd and concentration of organic solvent was observed up to ca. 60 %. 2) In the case of copper(II), this effect of increasing the adsorbability was observed up to higher hydrochloric acid concentrations i.e., at least 8 m, which seems to reflect that the adsorption maximum occurs at a higher hydrochloric acid concentration than in the case of Zn(II). 3) It was suggested that these solvent effects may be, as a first approximation, explained by the increase in the formation of negatively charged chloride complexes of the metals as a consequence of the decrease in the tendency for solvation of metallic ions in mixed solvents.
Evaluation of Novel Sr Precursors for Atomic Layer Deposition of SrO Thin Film (2007)

Novel strontium precursor - bis(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)strontium (Sr(MTHD)2) - was prepared and its deposition properties were evaluated.High vapor pressure and excellent conformality of Sr(MTHD)2 make it promising candidate for ALD precursor to deposit high-k dielectric materials such as SrTiO3.
Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles - a Short Review (2015)

Iron oxide is a polymorphous crystalline mineral, including hematite, a-Fe2O3, magnetite, Fe3O4 and maghemite, g-Fe2O3. In the area of solid propulsion, nanoparticulate materials such, hematite and maghemite, exhibit high performance on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP).The best catalytic effect of metallic iron oxide nanoparticles was attributed to its small particle size, more active sites and high surface area, which prove most gas adsorption of released products during the thermal reactions of oxidizer. Nowadays, metallic iron nanoparticles can be synthesized via many methods, by co-precipitation, sol-gel, microemulsion, or thermal decomposition. Although there are data on these synthetic methods in the literature, there is a lack of details in nanoparticulate oxides and on the characterization techniques used. In this context, this short review presents methods for obtaining nanoparticulate iron oxides and characteristics of the different characterization techniques and decomposition of these nanomaterials. The morphologies and structures can be characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and FT- IR spectroscopy and the textural properties by physical adsorption.
Method for Design of Production Medium for Fermentation of Synthesis Gas to Ethanol by Acetogenic Bacteria (2015)

<abstract> <bold><sc>Abstract.</sc></bold> Biomass and waste materials are converted to ethanol by gasification followed by fermentation of the synthesis gas using acetogenic bacteria such as Clostridium ragsdalei. Fuel ethanol is a high-volume, low-cost commodity, so capital and operating expenses must be very low to achieve profitable operation. The fermentation medium supplies minerals, metals, and organic co-factors needed to build cell biomass and the functional enzyme platform that conducts the conversion reactions. Research directed toward commercial deployment of synthesis gas (syngas) fermentation processes must consider cost and availability of medium components, and use economically viable medium. A method based on elemental accounting of cell composition was developed to assess the cost and function of fermentation media and their potential for commercial use for syngas fermentation to produce ethanol using C. ragsdalei. Cost of medium was reduced from $9.87 L<sup>-1</sup> to $0.26 L<sup>-1</sup>. Additional cost reduction can be achieved by eliminating components that are not required, using commercial components purchased at bulk commodity prices, using H<sub>2</sub>S and NH<sub>3</sub> from the syngas production in lieu of purchased sodium sulfide and ammonium chloride, and retaining the acetate buffer from ethanol distillation. These savings can reduce the medium cost below $0.01 L<sup>-1</sup>.