gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterosis in the freezing tolerance, and sugar and flavonoid contents of crosses between <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> accessions of widely varying freezing tolerance (2008)

Heterosis is defined as the increased vigour of hybrids in comparison to their parents. We investigated 24 F(1) hybrid lines of Arabidopsis thaliana generated by reciprocally crossing either C24 or Col with six other parental accessions (Can, Co, Cvi, Ler, Rsch, Te) that differ widely in their freezing tolerance. The crosses differed in the degree of heterosis for freezing tolerance, both in the non-acclimated state and after a 14 d cold acclimation period. Crosses with C24 showed more heterosis than crosses with Col, and heterosis was stronger in acclimated than in non-acclimated plants. Leaf content of soluble sugars and proline showed more deviation from mid-parent values in crosses involving C24 than in those involving Col, and deviations were larger in acclimated than in non-acclimated plants. There were significant correlations between the content of different sugars and leaf freezing tolerance, as well as between heterosis effects in freezing tolerance and sugar content. Flavonoid content and composition varied between accessions, and between non-acclimated and acclimated plants. In the crosses, large deviations from the mid-parent values in the contents of different flavonols occurred, and there were strikingly strong correlations between both flavonol content and freezing tolerance, and between heterosis effects in freezing tolerance and flavonol content.
High-average-power femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplification system (2003)

Efficient generation of 76-W average power of 400-fs pulses at 75-MHz repetition rate by use of a diode-pumped ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber-based chirped-pulse amplification system is demonstrated. The key element in the system is a diffraction grating compressor consisting of highly efficient transmission gratings in fused silica, allowing recompression at this high power level.
Properties of the deep donor states of Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As:Se (1993)

A study of the electrical and optical properties of the Se deep donor states in AlxGa1−xAs:Se grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) process is reported. A novel experimental technique is presented to determine the absolute energy and the true density of the deep donor. The characteristics of the Se deep donor states are obtained from deep level transient spectroscopy, photoluminescence, photocapacitance, Hall effect measurements, isothermal capacitance transient measurements, and a quasistatic capacitance voltage technique. It is found that the Se dopant gives rise to at least two energy levels in the band gap. One is the generally observed deep donor level, commonly called the DX level and the other is a new shallower donor state which also exhibits DX-like properties. The concentration of the shallower state is less than 5% of the deep donor density. The densities of both donors increase with the mole fraction of H2Se used during MOVPE growth. Thermal emission activation energies of 0.29±0.01 and 0.24±0.01 eV were found for the deep and shallower donor states, respectively, for 0.23≤x≤0.41. The Se donor ionization energies relative to the Γ minimum are determined for samples with different AlAs mole fractions, and also, the true densities of Se donors are obtained. We propose a macroscopic model for the emission and capture mechanisms of Se donors in AlxGa1−xAs, which allows a consistent interpretation of the results obtained by different measurement techniques and provides a natural explanation for the low temperature Hall density saturation phenomenon and the persistent photoconductivity effect.
Adaptive Task Aggregation for High-Performance Sparse Solvers on GPUs (2019)

Sparse solvers are heavily used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), computer-aided design (CAD), and other important application domains. These solvers remain challenging to execute on massively parallel architectures, due to the sequential dependencies between the fine-grained application tasks. In particular, parallel sparse solvers typically suffer from substantial scheduling and dependency-management overheads relative to the compute operations. We propose adaptive task aggregation (ATA) to efficiently execute such irregular computations on GPU architectures via hierarchical dependency management and low-latency task scheduling. On a gamut of representative problems with different data-dependency structures, ATA significantly outperforms existing GPU task-execution approaches, achieving a geometric mean speedup of 2.2X to 3.7X across different sparse kernels (with speedups of up to two orders of magnitude).
Product Code Schemes for Error Correction in MLC NAND Flash Memories (2011)

Error control coding (ECC) is essential for correcting soft errors in Flash memories. In this paper we propose use of product code based schemes to support higher error correction capability. Specifically, we propose product codes which use Reed-Solomon (RS) codes along rows and Hamming codes along columns and have reduced hardware overhead. Simulation results show that product codes can achieve better performance compared to both Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem codes and plain RS codes with less area and low latency. We also propose a flexible product code based ECC scheme that migrates to a stronger ECC scheme when the numbers of errors due to increased program/erase cycles increases. While these schemes have slightly larger latency and require additional parity bit storage, they provide an easy mechanism to increase the lifetime of the Flash memory devices.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy for Monitoring Airborne Gases and Vapors of Industrial Hygiene Concern (1989)

There are few available analytical methods with which an industrial hygienist can perform near real-time identification and quantitation of gases and vapors in the workplace. At present, the instruments that come the closest to fulfilling this need are based on either Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy or mass spectroscopy (MS). In order to investigate the applicability of FTIR to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of gas and vapor emissions in the workplace, an investigation was carried out to choose optimal conditions that could maximize the signal from individual target analytes and minimize the potential for interference. In all cases, the limit of detection (LOD) of individual air contaminants was below the threshold limit value (TLV®).
Assessment of Stromal-Derived Inducing Activity in the Generation of Dopaminergic Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

Producing dopaminergic (DA) neurons is a major goal of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research. DA neurons can be differentiated from hESC by coculture with the mouse PA6 stromal cell line; this differentiation-inducing effect is termed stromal-derived inducing activity (SDIA). The molecular and biochemical nature of SDIA is, however, unknown. Various studies have suggested that SDIA involves either a fixation-resistant component located on the PA6 cell surface or factors secreted into the medium by PA6 cells. To address this question, hESC were cocultured with PA6 cells for 12 days and then further differentiated with sonic hedgehog homolog, fibroblast growth factor-8, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. After 18 days, 34% of cells were tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+. When PA6 cells were fixed or irradiated, the number of TH+ cells was decreased by threefold, whereas mitomycin-c treatment of feeder cells decreased the number of TH+ cells by 32%. The neural-inducing effect of PA6 cells, as monitored by beta-III-tubulin expression, was minimally affected by mitomycin-c treatment or fixation but was decreased 50% by irradiation. Medium conditioned by PA6 cells was ineffective in differentiating TH+ cells when used alone. Conditioned medium combined with heparin and/or fixed PA6 cells produced TH+ cell differentiation, although less effectively than PA6 cell coculture. Thus, PA6 cell surface activity is required for neural differentiation of hESC, but secreted factors are required for the specific DA neuron-inducing effect. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
IP Protection of Fashion Design: To Be or Not To Be, That is the Question (2012)

Follow this and additional works at: http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ipt Part of the Business Organizations Law Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Consumer Protection Law Commons, Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, Fashion Design Commons, Graphic Design Commons, Illustration Commons, Industrial and Product Design Commons, Intellectual Property Law Commons, and the Other Arts and Humanities Commons
Impact of dislocations on minority carrier electron and hole lifetimes in GaAs grown on metamorphic SiGe substrates (2004)

The minority carrier lifetime of electrons (τn) in p-type GaAs double heterostructures grown on GaAs substrates and compositionally graded Ge/Si1−xGex/Si (SiGe) substrates with varying threading dislocation densities (TDDs) were measured at room temperature using time-resolved photoluminescence. The electron lifetimes for homoepitaxial GaAs and GaAs grown on SiGe (TDD∼1×106 cm−2) with a dopant concentration of 2×1017 cm−3 were ∼21 and ∼1.5 ns, respectively. The electron lifetime measured on SiGe was substantially lower than the previously measured minority carrier hole lifetime (τp) of ∼10 ns, for n-type GaAs grown on SiGe substrates with a similar residual TDD and dopant concentration. The reduced lifetime for electrons is a consequence of their higher mobility, which yields an increased sensitivity to the presence of dislocations in GaAs grown on metamorphic buffers. The disparity in dislocation sensitivity for electron and hole recombination has significant implications for metamorphic III-V devices.
Is Caffeine Withdrawal the Mechanism of Postoperative Headache? (1991)

This study examined the hypothesis that headache after general anesthesia is related to a caffeine withdrawal state. Two hundred eighty-seven patients undergoing minor elective procedures under general anesthesia were studied. Four to six hours after anesthesia each patient completed a questionnaire assessing his or her own alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine consumption, and the occurrence of postoperative side effects. A highly significant difference was found between the caffeine consumption of patients with and without preoperative (P = 0.0035) and postoperative (P less than 0.0001) headache. Logistic regression analysis of trend between headache and caffeine consumption suggested that with each 100-mg increase in caffeine consumption, there was a 12% increase in the odds of headache developing in the immediate preoperative period (P less than 0.0066) and a 16% increase in the odds of postoperative headache developing (P less than 0.0001). No relationship was found between headache and the patients' age, sex, usual frequency of headache, consumption of alcohol or nicotine, or the anesthetic agents or adjuvants used. It is concluded that postoperative headache is related to caffeine intake and that this relationship is explained, at least in part, by a perioperative caffeine withdrawal syndrome.
Dispersion polymerization of styrene in polar solvents. 7. A simple mechanistic model to predict particle size (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDispersion polymerization of styrene in polar solvents. 7. A simple mechanistic model to predict particle sizeAnthony James PaineCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 12, 3109–3117Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00214a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00214a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2291Altmetric-Citations290LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kim-1/Tim-1: from biomarker to therapeutic target? (2008)

The best biomarkers turn out to be important in pathogenesis and some become therapeutic targets—a paradigm illustrated beautifully by the herceptin receptor in breast cancer [1]. A paper in the May issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation raises the exciting possibility that the renal biomarker, kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), may become an equally important example [2]. Kim-1 (also known as Tim-1—T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing molecule) was originally discovered in a screen for molecules involved in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) [3]. Although undetectable in normal rat kidney, Kim-1 is abundantly expressed by proliferating and dedifferentiated renal proximal tubular epithelial cells 48 h after acute ischaemic injury in kidneys examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The human orthologue was also identified and behaved identically. The authors concluded that ‘Kim-1 may play an important role in the restoration of the morphological integrity and function to post-ischaemic kidney’. However, subsequent data demonstrating Kim-1’s exceptional promise as a urinary biomarker for proximal tubular injury diverted much attention from its pathophysiological role. The selective expression by injured proximal tubular cells provides the foundation for Kim-1’s use as a biomarker. Furthermore, it is cleaved from the surface of activated tubular cells and released into the urine by a metalloproteinase [4]—a process regulated by the MAP kinase signalling pathways activated by cell stress [5]. This results in a close correlation between Kim-1 expression in the tissue and its excretion in urine [6], adding to its value as a biomarker. The development of sensitive immunoassays for urinary Kim-1 [6,7] prompted an avalanche of studies over
The surface modification of cellulose fibres for use as reinforcing elements in composite materials (2005)

The interest in using cellulose fibres as reinforcing elements in composite materials based on polymeric matrices is constantly growing, mainly because of the many advantages associated with this renewable material. However, the preparation of cellulose-based composites is perturbed by the highly hydrophilic character of the fibres, which is associated with a low interfacial compatibility with hydrophobic polymeric matrices, as well as with a loss of mechanical properties after moisture uptake. In order to reduce the hydrophilic character of cellulose fibres and to improve the strength of their adhesion to the matrix, it is necessary to undertake a structural modification of their surface. Several approaches have been studied, namely (i) physical treatments such as corona, plasma, laser, vacuum ultraviolet and γ-radiation treatments; (ii) chemical grafting by direct condensation, including surface compatibilisation with hydrophobic moieties and co-polymerisation with the matrix. The copolymerisation approach called upon different strategies: (i) The use of bi-functional molecules capable of reacting with the OH groups of the cellulose surface and leaving the second functions available for further exploitation; (ii) The direct activation of the surface and the subsequent graftingfrom polymerisation; and (iii) The condensation of organometallic compounds, followed by their coupling with suitable reactive molecules or macromolecules. The characterisation of the modified surfaces involved a variety of techniques, including elemental analysis, contact angle measurements, inverse gas chromatography, X-ray photoelectron and FTIR spectroscopy, water uptake, etc. The present survey reviews the different approaches proposed in the literature and critically assesses their respective merits and drawbacks.
Purification, Catalytic Properties, and Thermal Stability of Threo-Ds-3-Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase Coded by leuB Gene from an Extreme Thermophile, Thermus thermophilus Strain HB81 (1990)

Threo-Ds-3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase coded by the leuB gene from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus strain HB8, was expressed in Escherichia coli carrying a recombinant plasmid. The thermostable enzyme thus produced was extracted from the E. coli cells, purified, and crystallized. The enzyme was shown to be a dimer of identical subunits of molecular weight (4.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(4). The Km for threo-Ds-3-isopropylmalate was estimated to be 8.0 x 10(-5) M and that for NAD 6.3 x 10(-4) M. The optimum pH at 75 degrees C in the presence of 1.2 M KCl was around 7.2. The presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+ was essential for the enzyme action. The enzyme was activated about 30-fold by the addition of 1 M KCl or RbCl. The high salt concentration decelerated the thermal unfolding of the enzyme, and accelerated the aggregation of the unfolded protein. Based on these effects, the molecular mechanism of the unusual stability of the enzyme is discussed.
Mechanism of Action of the Cell-Division Inhibitor PC190723: Modulation of FtsZ Assembly Cooperativity (2012)

The cooperative assembly of FtsZ, the prokaryotic homologue of tubulin, plays an essential role in cell division. FtsZ is a potential drug target, as illustrated by the small-molecule cell-cycle inhibitor and antibacterial agent PC190723 that targets FtsZ. We demonstrate that PC190723 negatively modulates Staphylococcus aureus FtsZ polymerization cooperativity as reflected in polymerization at lower concentrations without a defined critical concentration. The crystal structure of the S. aureus FtsZ-PC190723 complex shows a domain movement that would stabilize the FtsZ protofilament over the monomeric state, with the conformational change mediated from the GTP-binding site to the C-terminal domain via helix 7. Together, the results reveal the molecular mechanism of FtsZ modulation by PC190723 and a conformational switch to the high-affinity state that enables polymer assembly.
Studies on Lupin Alkaloids. I. The Minor Alkaloids of Japanese Sophora flavescens (1965)

(+)-Matrine (I), (+)-oxymatry (II), (+)-sophoranol (III), (-)-anagyrine (IV), (-)-methylcytisine (V), (-)-baptifoline (VI), and (-)-sophocarpine (VII) were isolated from the dry root of Japanese Sophora flavescens.
Cytokinin-to-Auxin Ratios and Morphology of Shoots and Tissues Transformed by a Chimeric Isopentenyl Transferase Gene (1989)

Tissues transformed with the isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene cloned from the T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid or with the ipt gene placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S-ipt) were analyzed for auxin and cytokinin. Free and total indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels in 35S-ipt-transformed Nicotiana tabacum and cucumber cells were reduced by 12 to 78% in comparison to untransformed tissues. In contrast, free IAA concentrations in 35S-ipt-transformed Nicotiana plumbaginifolia were almost three times those of untransformed tissues, while total IAA levels were not significantly affected. Cytokinin levels in these antibodies were elevated an average of 300-fold resulting in a 24- to over 2000-fold increase in the cytokinin-to-auxin ratios. High cytokinin-to-auxin ratios correlated with the shooty phenotype of transformed tissues propagated in vitro in the absence of added growth hormones. We conclude that increased endogenous cytokinin-to-auxin ratios can induce cells to undergo morphogenesis and that elevated cytokinin levels can also induce auxin-autonomous growth of transformed tissues without causing a corresponding increase in endogenous IAA levels.
Peritonitis of Enteric Origin (1980)

D. Low, 5.1. Vas, D-G. Oreopoulos, N. Dombros, R. Khanna and W. McCready In patients on CAPD 20% of all peritonitis is due to enteric organisms (EO). This abstract describes the clinical characteristics and outcome of 23 episodes of peritonitis caused by EO among 21 patients (8 men and 13 wollen). Their average age was 52 (24.77) years and the average duration of CAPD before infection was 7.4 (1.17) months. In 15 episodes (14 patients) a single organism was isolated: 3/15 (Enterobacteriaceae 2, Clostridium 1) episodes were asymptomatic and the patients were treated successfully as out-patients; in 9115 episodes, (Enterobacteriaceae 4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2, Enterococci 3) the patients had clinical peritonitis but responded well to peritoneal lavage with antibiotics after an average hospital stay of 12.3 (6.34) days. Of the last three patients, two (both Bacteroides fragilis) underwent laparotomy because of persistent infection while the third (E. coli) underwent laparotomy because of a ruptured aneurysm fro III a previous transplant nephrectomy. All patients are alive and 9/14 continue on CAPD. In 8 episodes (7 patients) two or more organisms were isolated (Enterobacteriaceae 9, Enterococcus 2, P. aeruginosa 2, B. fragilis 1, Acinetobacter 1, Strep. viridans I, Staph. aureus 1). Three patients underwent laparotomy because of persistent infection. Two patients died from related complications. The five who survived remained in hospital for an average of 50 (9-103) days and only two continue on CAPD. We concluded that the presence of B. fragilis or the combination of an enteric organism plus one or more other organisms has a grave prognosis and requires aggressive management.
TTI anisotropic depth migration: What tilt estimate should we use? (2006)

We perform a series of numerical modelling and migration experiment with different homogeneous TTI anisotropic media, characterized by tilt axis, polar velocity and anisotropy parameters. In the case of structurally conformable media, where the tilt of the medium coincides with the dip of the structure, great simplifications arise in the decoupling of the anisotropy parameters. In particular, positioning and short spread focusing become decoupled from long‐spread behaviour. We show that in this case, the tilt of the medium can be observed with sufficient accuracy on an image obtained by isotropic or VTI elliptic migration with an educated estimate of the Thomsen parameter delta.