gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Independent control of multiple magnetic microrobots in three dimensions (2013)

A major challenge for untethered microscale mobile robotics is the control of many agents in the same workspace for distributed operation. In this work, we present a new method to independently control multiple sub-mm microrobots in three dimensions (3D) using magnetic gradient pulling as the 3D motion generation method. Motion differentiation is accomplished through the use of geometrically or magnetically distinct microrobots which assume different magnetization directions in a rotating or oscillating magnetic field. This allows for different magnetic forces to be exerted on each, enabling independent motion control and path following of multiple microrobots along arbitrary 3D trajectories. Path following in 3D with less than 310 μ m mean error is shown for a set of two microrobots of size 350 μ m and 1500 μ m, and independent motions are shown with three microrobots. It is also shown that control of more microrobots could be possible using improved magnetic coil hardware. Microrobot diversity is analyzed with regards to the effect on independent control. The proposed addressability method could be used for the 3D control of a team of microrobots inside microfluidic channels or in the human body for localized therapy or diagnostics.
Assessment of Stereoelectronic Effects in Grubbs First-Generation Olefin Metathesis Catalysis Using Molecular Electrostatic Potential (2011)

Quantum mechanically derived molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) based descriptors have been proposed for the assessment of both the steric and electronic effects of phosphines in several first-generation Grubbs olefin metathesis catalysts. The MESP at the P nucleus of the active form of the catalyst Cl2(PR3)Ru═CH2 (1) and its ethylene-coordinated complex (2) are determined. Further, frozen structures corresponding to 1 and 2 are located by replacing the P−R bonds with P−H bonds. The MESP at the P of a frozen geometry is free from the electronic effect of R but is influenced by steric effects due to the structural restrictions imposed in the geometry. The difference between the MESP values at the P nucleus of Cl2(PH3)Ru═CH2 and Cl2(PR3)Ru═CH2 is taken as a measure of the combined steric and electronic effects of PR3 (VSE1) in 1. Similarly, the combined steric and electronic effect of PR3 in 2 (VSE2) is also calculated. The frozen structures allowed calculation of the steric-only effects for 1 (VS1) as well as 2 (VS2). Thus, the electronic effect of PR3, VE1, in 1 is VSE1 − VS1 and that of PR3, VE2 ,in 2 is VSE2 − VS2. Both VS1 and VS2 showed impressive linear correlations with popular geometric steric parameters: viz. the Tolman cone angle (θ) and the symmetric deformation coordinate (S4′). Moreover, VE1 and VS1 showed linear relationships to the binding energy of ethylene (E1), suggesting that the steric effect is 1.88 times more dominant than the electronic effect in the olefin binding process. Similarly, both VE2 and VS2 showed linear correlation with the activation energy (E2) for the formation of metallacyclobutane. In both the olefin binding process and the transition state formation leading to C−C bond coupling, a drastic reduction in E1 as well as in E2 is observed with an increase in the steric bulkiness of PR3, while only a moderate decrease in energy parameters is observed with an increase in the electron-rich character of PR3. The stereoelectronic correlation studies presented herein demonstrate that the success of the first-generation Grubbs catalysts is primarily due to the choice of the right mix of steric (bulky R substituents on P) and electronic (electron-donating R substituents on P) effects of the PR3 ligand.
Comparative analysis of 1-phase active power factor correction topologies (2003)

Fifteen active power factor correction topologies with nonpulsated input current are presented. For convenient comparisons of current and voltages stresses as well as conduction losses, the normalized set of auxiliary parameters is derived. These parameters are shown to be simple functions of the ratio of the line voltage amplitude and DC output voltage. Since the choice of any particular topology usually depends on many application-specific factors rather than judging various power factor correction (PFC) topologies, a possibly complete class of these structures is presented, together with evaluation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Multifunction wavelength-shift interferometry: absolute distance and velocity measurements</title> (1994)

A dynamic interferometer for range finding with directional discrimination is proposed. It uses a laser diode which is tuned in frequency by the injection current with a triangular modulation function. Both the reference and the target signal beams from a Michelson interferometer are combined and coherently detected. The beat frequency is proportional to the optical path difference. When a target is moving, the beat frequency is different according to the upward current ramp or to the downward one, respectively. Consequently, two unknown parameters can be measured: absolute distance and velocity of the target. The technique enables the directional discrimination of the velocity and it doesn't need polarizing components or a spectrum analyzer widely used for such applications. A description of the device, experimental results, and main measuring error sources are presented and discussed.
Hydration of Zinc Ions: A Comparison with Magnesium and Beryllium Ions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydration of Zinc Ions: A Comparison with Magnesium and Beryllium IonsCharles W. Bock, Amy Kaufman Katz, and Jenny P. GluskerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 13, 3754–3765Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00118a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00118a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1351Altmetric-Citations192LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (4)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Block Copolymers of 2- and 4-Vinylpyridine by RAFT Polymerization (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of Block Copolymers of 2- and 4-Vinylpyridine by RAFT Polymerization†Anthony J. Convertine, Brent S. Sumerlin, David B. Thomas, Andrew B. Lowe, and Charles L. McCormickView Author Information Department of Polymer Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0076, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5043 Cite this: Macromolecules 2003, 36, 13, 4679–4681Publication Date (Web):May 24, 2003Publication History Received21 March 2003Revised7 May 2003Published online24 May 2003Published inissue 1 July 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma034361lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma034361lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4804Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymerization,Copolymers,Monomers,Radical polymerization,RAFT polymerization Get e-Alerts
Synchronization and detection of binary data in free-space optical communication systems using Haar wavelet transformation (2006)

A new method is presented to perform bit synchronization and detection of binary nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) data from a free-space optical (FSO) communication link. Based on the wavelet transformation, a new bandpass filter is developed and implemented. It is shown that the Haar wavelet is an excellent choice for this purpose. The center frequency of this filter is a function of the scale and could be adjusted to adapt to the variation of the channel. The output of the filter is zero mean and is closely related to the derivative of the binary data. The filter has a linear phase; therefore, its output is used for synchronization and detection of the data. Analysis of the method is presented using Fourier transformation. In addition, adaptive Wiener filtering is utilized to reduce the effect of the additive white Gaussian noise in the data. Simulation experiments are performed and presented using real and synthetic data. The results of the experiments indicate that the Haar wavelet transform and adaptive Wiener filtering are robust and effective tools in dealing with FSO data.
ISOLATION OF SNAKE VENOM TOXINS AND STUDY OF THEIR MECHANISM OF ACTION (1970)

A hemorrhagin from Echis coloratus venom, which appeared as a single protein in immunoelectrophoresis and in disc electrophoresis, possessed both hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities. Some of its antigenic determinants were identical to those of Vipera palestinae hemorrhagin. Partial cross neutralization of the lethal activity of V.p. hemorrhagin and of E.c. venom by heterologous antiserum was obtained. Phospholipases A from the venoms of Naja naja and V.p. are able to hydrolyze lysolecithin at alkaline pH. Haemachatus haemachatus (Ringhals cobra) phospholipase A hydrolyzes phospholipids of brain cell membranes and destroys part of the membranal system for histidine uptake. A direct lytic factor from Ringhals venom, known to interact with unmodified red cell membranes, acts equally well on sialic-acid-depleted membranes. E.c. venom administered intravenously causes damage to mouse brain capillary endothelial cells revealed by electron microscopy.
Graphite fluoride fibers and their applications in the space industry (1990)

Characterization and potential space applications of graphite fluoride fibers from commercially available graphitized carbon fibers are presented. Graphite fluoride fibers with fluorine to carbon ratios of 0.65 and 0.68 were found to have electrical resistivity values of 10(exp 4) and 10(exp 11) Ohms-cm, respectively, and thermal conductivity values of 24 and 5 W/m-K, respectively. At this fluorine content range, the fibers have tensile strength of 0.25 + or - 0.10 GPa (36 + or - 14 ksi), Young's modulus of 170 + or - 30 GPa (25 + or - 5 Msi). The coefficient of thermal expansion value of a sample with fluorine to carbon ratio of 0.61 was found to be 7 ppm/C. These properties change and approach the graphite value as the fluorine content approach 0. Electrically insulative graphite fluoride fiber is at least five times more thermally conductive than fiberglass. Therefore, it can be used as a heat sinking printed circuit board material for low temperature, long life power electronics in spacecraft. Also, partially fluorinated fiber with tailor-made physical properties to meet the requirements of certain engineering design can be produced. For example, a partially fluorinated fiber could have a predetermined CTE value in -1.5 to 7 ppm/C range and would be suitable for use in solar concentrators in solar dynamic power systems. It could also have a predetermined electrical resistivity value suitable for use as a low observable material. Experimental data indicate that slightly fluorinated graphite fibers are more durable in the atomic oxygen environment than pristine graphite. Therefore, fluorination of graphite used in the construction of spacecraft that would be exposed to the low Earth orbit atomic oxygen may protect defect sites in atomic oxygen protective coatings and therefore decrease the rate of degradation of graphite.
Impact of Pt-Rh and Pd-Rh Interactions on Performance of Bimetal Catalysts (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Both laboratory and engine dynamometer testing were used to characterize the relative activity of Pt, Pd and Rh supported on Ce and/or La stabilized supports. In the laboratory studies performance was measured after laboratory aging under conditions designed to simulate severe engine aging. The impact of Pt-Rh and Pd-Rh alloying on performance was examined as well as the cumulative effect of both metals on overall activity. The performance of laboratory aged non-alloyed Pt-Rh and Pd-Rh catalysts was dominated by the Rh function. For Pt-Rh the overall performance features for CO and NOx conversion were very similar over the Rh-only, Pt + Rh (separated metals) and alloyed Pt-Rh catalysts. Pt-Rh alloying was found to have a detrimental impact on high temperature HC performance. In contrast to the Pt/Rh system, alloying between Pd and Rh resulted in performance features more like Pd-only and alloying did not adversely impact high temperature HC performance but instead had a large negative impact on NOx performance. Overall, no benefits to alloy formation were observed and optimum performance required separation of the metals in either case. Complementary engine dynamometer aging and testing studies confirmed the improved performance of Pt/Rh and Pd/Rh catalysts using preparation strategies designed to separate the metals.</div>
Silenced Struggles: The Experiences of Latina and Latino Undocumented College Students in California (2007)

Latinalo Critical Race Theory (LatCrit) exposes multiple forms of oppression Latinalo students experience, including race, class, gender, language, and immigration status.We utilize this theoretical framework to examine critically the experiences of Latina and Latino undocumented college students in California public institutions of higher education.Through six in-depth interviews with Latinal o undocumented college students, this Article explores the unique experiences and obstacles these students encounter in their college careers.We offer several policy recommendations for California institutions to support better their Latinalo undocumented student populations under current legislative restrictions.
AXISYMMETRIC DROP SHAPE ANALYSIS (ADSA) FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SURFACE TENSION AND CONTACT ANGLE (2004)

A drop shape analysis technique called Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis (ADSA) has been developed in our laboratory over the last twenty years. ADSA is a powerful technique for the measurement of interfacial tensions and contact angles of pendant drops, sessile drops, and bubbles. In essence, it relies on the best fit between theoretical Laplacian curves and an experimental profile. Despite the general success of ADSA, deficient results may be obtained for drops close to spherical shape. Since the sources of these limitations were unknown, the entire ADSA technique, including hardware and software, has been reviewed. The key element of the new generation of ADSA is the modularization of the software, because a firm fixed package would not be suitable for all experimental situations. Another novel feature of the methodology is the development of a quantitative criterion, i.e., a shape factor, that determines the range of drop shapes, in which ADSA succeeds or fails.
Cryptography and network security (2nd ed.): principles and practice (1998)

Care for persons with AIDS involves complicated and emotional factors. The many players in such cases--from physicians to home care aides to insurance companies--may confuse the most important issue: the patient's care. This case study illustrates how smoothly such a potentially difficult situation can proceed when all players share the same values.
Bleeding complications of thrombolytic treatment (1990)

The mechanism and incidence of bleeding in patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy are discussed, the role of laboratory findings in predicting the patient's clinical course is described, and guidelines concerning patient management are presented. Plasminogen activators have more similarities than differences in the mechanisms by which they dissolve thrombi and hemostatic plugs and, therefore, in their potential for vascular reperfusion or bleeding complications. The duration of an active lytic state in the blood varies according to the half-life of the activator; regardless of the agent chosen, however, plasma fibrinogen concentrations do not return to normal levels for one to two days following treatment. If plasminogen activator is still circulating, control of surgical bleeding after plasminogen activator treatment requires correction of the low plasma fibrinogen concentration with cryoprecipitate and administration of antifibrinolytic agents. Tests of coagulation and fibrinolysis can demonstrate a lytic state during therapy, but manipulation of drug therapy based on laboratory results is unlikely to control the patient's clinical course. Safe and effective therapy with plasminogen activators depends more on clinical judgment than on strict interpretation of laboratory test results.
Role of Extent of Resection in the Long-Term Outcome of Low-Grade Hemispheric Gliomas (2008)

Improved outcome among adult patients with hemispheric LGG is predicted by greater EOR.
Effects of PNF Technique on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness After Eccentric Exercise (2007)

This study examined the effects of hold-relax with agonist contraction (HR-AC) on the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) induced by intensive eccentric exercise of the non-dominant biceps brachii. Ten men (mean age=26.7 yrs, mean height=172.1 cm, mean weight=66.2 kg) and ten women (mean age=27.4 yrs, mean height=165.9 cm, mean weight=60.7 kg) who had not participated in a regular exercise program for the upper extremities in the previous six months were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: the HR-AC group, or the control group. We measured joint range of motion (ROM), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and muscle soreness before eccentric exercise, and 24, 48, and 72 hours after eccentric exercise. The subjects in the HR-AC group received the HR-AC technique in the non-dominant biceps brachii. The HR-AC technique was applied 24 and 48 hours after eccentric exercise. There was no significant difference between the HR-AC and the control group. However, the HR-AC group, compared to the control group, had a significant difference between the time points of the various parameters. Increased ROM (p
Force aggregation via Bayesian nodal analysis (2002)

We describe an adaptive evidence network algorithm developed for a force aggregation, military unit classification tool. The algorithm adaptively selects a partition of the military units of a force based upon probabilistic evidence derived from evolving all-source intelligence data. The partition of the force is a mutually exclusive and exhaustive set of units that accounts for all assets of the military force. The evidence network is isomorphic to the hierarchy of the military force where the units are the nodes of the network, superordinate/subordinate relationships between units instantiate negative evidence arcs, and peer relationships instantiate positive evidence arcs. A genetic algorithm is used to compute the propagation weights of the evidence to ensure that network response is unbiased. The posterior probability for each node is computed using Bayesian methods and is propagated through the network as positive or negative evidence for the inclusion of each unit in the partition. The units of the partition are then used to create a set of unit templates, structures that specify the classification, composition, and command relationships of the military units. The set of templates is subsequently submitted to the cluster tracker and Bayesian classifier of the force aggregation application to perform unit search, track, and classification.
Genomewide and biochemical analyses of DNA-binding activity of Cdc6/Orc1 and Mcm proteins in Pyrococcus sp. (2007)

The origin of DNA replication (oriC) of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi contains multiple ORB and mini-ORB repeats that show sequence similarities to other archaeal ORB (origin recognition box). We report here that the binding of Cdc6/Orc1 to a 5 kb region containing oriC in vivo was highly specific both in exponential and stationary phases, by means of chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with hybridization on a whole genome microarray (ChIP-chip). The oriC region is practically the sole binding site for the Cdc6/Orc1, thereby distinguishing oriC in the 1.8 M bp genome. We found that the 5 kb region contains a previously unnoticed cluster of ORB and mini-ORB repeats in the gene encoding the small subunit (dp1) for DNA polymerase II (PolD). ChIP and the gel retardation analyses further revealed that Cdc6/Orc1 specifically binds both of the ORB clusters in oriC and dp1. The organization of the ORB clusters in the dp1 and oriC is conserved during evolution in the order Thermococcales, suggesting a role in the initiation of DNA replication. Our ChIP-chip analysis also revealed that Mcm alters the binding specificity to the oriC region according to the growth phase, consistent with its role as a licensing factor.
Multielectrode array recordings of bladder and perineal primary afferent activity from the sacral dorsal root ganglia (2011)

The development of bladder and bowel neuroprostheses may benefit from the use of sensory feedback. We evaluated the use of high-density penetrating microelectrode arrays in sacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for recording bladder and perineal afferent activity. Arrays were inserted in S1 and S2 DRG in three anesthetized cats. Neural signals were recorded while the bladder volume was modulated and mechanical stimuli were applied to the perineal region. In two experiments, 48 units were observed that tracked bladder pressure with their firing rates (79% from S2). At least 50 additional units in each of the three experiments (274 total; 60% from S2) had a significant change in their firing rates during one or more perineal stimulation trials. This study shows the feasibility of obtaining bladder-state information and other feedback signals from the pelvic region with a sacral DRG electrode interface located in a single level. This natural source of feedback would be valuable for providing closed-loop control of bladder or other pelvic neuroprostheses.