gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyrotaxanes Consisting of Cationic α-Cyclodextrins Threaded on Poly[(ethylene oxide)-<i>ran</i>-(propylene oxide)] as Gene Carriers (2007)

Cationic polymers have been receiving growing attention as gene delivery carriers. Herein, a series of novel cationic supramolecular polyrotaxanes with multiple cationic alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) rings threaded and blocked on a poly[(ethylene oxide)-ran-(propylene oxide)] (P(EO-r-PO)) random copolymer chain were synthesized and investigated for gene delivery. In the cationic polyrotaxanes, approximately 12 cationic alpha-CD rings were threaded on the P(EO-r-PO) copolymer with a molecular weight of 2370 Da and an EO/PO molar ratio of 4:1, while the cationic alpha-CD rings were grafted with linear or branched oligoethylenimine (OEI) of various chain lengths and molecular weights up to 600 Da. The OEI-grafted alpha-CD rings were only located selectively on EO segments of the P(EO-r-PO) chain, while PO segments were free of complexation. This increased the mobility of the cationic alpha-CD rings and the flexibility of the polyrotaxanes, which enhanced the interaction of the cationic alpha-CD rings with DNA and/or the cellular membrane. All cationic polyrotaxanes synthesized in this work could efficiently condense plasmid DNA to form nanoparticles that were suitable for delivery of the gene. Cytotoxicity studies showed that the cationic polyrotaxanes with all linear OEI chains of molecular weights up to 423 Da exhibited much less cytotoxicity than high-molecular-weight branched polyethylenimine (PEI) (25 kDa) in both HEK293 and COS7 cell lines. The cationic polyrotaxanes displayed high gene transfection efficiencies in a variety of cell lines including HEK293, COS7, BHK-21, SKOV-3, and MES-SA. Particularly, the gene delivery capability of the cationic polyrotaxanes in HEK293 cells was much higher than that of high-molecular-weight branched PEI (25 k).
Alpha Interferon Suppresses the Cyclin D3 and <i>cdc25A</i> Genes, Leading to a Reversible G <sub>0</sub> -Like Arrest (1996)

Alpha interferon is a potent growth inhibitor of Daudi Burkitt's lymphoma cells. We show here that alpha-interferon signaling interacted simultaneously with several components of the basic cell cycle machinery, causing cells to enter into a state that had many features characteristic of the G0 state. Within a few hours after alpha-interferon treatment, cyclin D3 mRNA and protein levels dropped to undetectable levels and, in parallel, the activities of cyclin A- and cyclin E-associated kinases were significantly reduced. The latter resulted from the rapid alpha-interferon-mediated elimination of cdc25A, a phosphatase that is required for antagonism of negative tyrosine phosphorylation of cdk2 in cyclin-cdk complexes. This regulation represents a novel mechanism through which an external inhibitory cytokine interacts with the cell cycle machinery. At later time points after alpha-interferon treatment, the levels of the 55-kDa slowly migrating hyperphosphorylated form of cyclin E and of cyclin A were also reduced. The antiproliferative effects were reversible, and cultures from which alpha interferon was removed reentered S phase after a lag that typically corresponded to approximately two doubling times. During this lag period, the expression of cyclin D3 and cyclin A, as well as of the cdc25A phosphatase, continued to be switched off, in spite of the removal of alpha interferon from the cell surface. In contrast, c-myc, which represents another downstream target gene that is subjected to negative regulation by alpha interferon, was relieved from suppression much earlier, concomitant with the decay in early signaling of the cytokine. The delayed pattern of cyclin reexpression provides evidence that alpha-interferon signaling imposes a G0-like state on this system.
Supercontinuum Stimulated Emission Depletion Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (2012)

Supercontinuum (SC) stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescence lifetime imaging is demonstrated by using time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) detection. The spatial resolution of the developed STED instrument was measured by imaging monodispersed 40-nm fluorescent beads and then determining their fwhm, and was 36 ± 9 and 40 ± 10 nm in the X and Y coordinates, respectively. The same beads measured by confocal microscopy were 450 ± 50 and 430 ± 30 nm, which is larger than the diffraction limit of light due to underfilling the microscope objective. Underfilling the objective and time gating the signal were necessary to achieve the stated STED spatial resolution. The same fluorescence lifetime (2.0 ± 0.1 ns) was measured for the fluorescent beads by using confocal or STED lifetime imaging. The instrument has been applied to study Alexa Fluor 594-phalloidin labeled F-actin-rich projections with dimensions smaller than the diffraction limit of light in cultured cells. Fluorescence lifetimes of the actin-rich projections range from 2.2 to 2.9 ns as measured by STED lifetime imaging.
Flexible electrode belt for EIT using nanofiber web dry electrodes (2012)

Efficient connection of multiple electrodes to the body for impedance measurement and voltage monitoring applications is of critical importance to measurement quality and practicality. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) experiments have generally required a cumbersome procedure to attach the multiple electrodes needed in EIT. Once placed, these electrodes must then maintain good contact with the skin during measurements that may last several hours. There is usually also the need to manage the wires that run between the electrodes and the EIT system. These problems become more severe as the number of electrodes increases, and may limit the practicality and portability of this imaging method. There have been several trials describing human-electrode interfaces using configurations such as electrode belts, helmets or rings. In this paper, we describe an electrode belt we developed for long-term EIT monitoring of human lung ventilation. The belt included 16 embossed electrodes that were designed to make good contact with the skin. The electrodes were fabricated using an Ag-plated PVDF nanofiber web and metallic threads. A large contact area and padding were used behind each electrode to improve subject comfort and reduce contact impedances. The electrodes were incorporated, equally spaced, into an elasticated fabric belt. We tested the electrode belt in conjunction with the KHU Mark1 multi-frequency EIT system, and demonstrate time-difference images of phantoms and human subjects during normal breathing and running. We found that the Ag-plated PVDF nanofiber web electrodes were suitable for long-term measurement because of their flexibility and durability. Moreover, the contact impedance and stability of the Ag-plated PVDF nanofiber web electrodes were found to be comparable to similarly tested Ag/AgCl electrodes.
<sup>13</sup>C Nuclear Magnetic Resonaces Observations of the Oxidation of Polyethylene (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonaces Observations of the Oxidation of PolyethyleneH. N. Cheng, F. C. Schilling, and F. A. BoveyCite this: Macromolecules 1976, 9, 2, 363–365Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60050a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60050a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Primary human mesothelioma cells express class II MHC, ICAM-1 and B7–2 and can present recall antigens to autologous blood lymphocytes (1998)

Mesothelioma cells (MMc) are considered to be weakly immunogenic and the experimental approaches attempting to induce an immune response against these cells have been disappointing. Our aim was to investigate whether MMc possess the surface accessory molecules involved in antigen presentation and whether these cells are capable of presenting recall antigens to autologous blood lymphocytes. Four primary MMc cultures were generated from malignant effusions and examined to assess whether the accessory molecules required for antigen presentation were present on their surfaces. Intercellular adhesion molecule-I (ICAM-I; CD54); class I and class II major histocompatibility complex-DR (MHCI and MHCII-DR); B7-1 (CD80.3); and B7-2 (CD86) expression by MMc was studied by immunocytochemical and/or FACScan analysis. MMc were pulsed with purified protein derivative (PPD), Tetanus toxoid (TT) and Candida albicans (CA) bodies, and incubated with autologous lymphocytes. Lymphocyte proliferation was estimated by radionucleotide incorporation. Phenotypic analysis showed the presence of MHCII-DR, ICAM-I and B7-2 on primary MMc cultures, whereas the phenotypic evaluation of 2 established MMc lines did not show the presence of the B7-1 and B7-2 molecules. In addition, MHCII-DR was detectable only after interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulation. Primary MMc cultures acquired the capability to induce lymphocyte proliferation after pulse with the recall antigens. To achieve characterization of these lymphocytes, we generated a PPD-specific CD4+ T-cell clone. PPD-pulsed MMc were shown to specifically induce T-cell clone proliferation through a MHCII-DR-mediated process. We conclude that primary MMc possess the surface molecules required for antigen presentation and can present recall antigens to CD4+ lymphocytes.
Hope, scope and a jump (1994)

Matthew Winter suggests nurses should embrace opportunities offered by increasing the scope of professional practice
Nucleic acid sequence of the region of the genome encoding capsid protein VP1 of neurovirulent and attenuated type 3 polioviruses (1983)

Three closely related strains of poliovirus type 3 have been used to study the molecular basis of attenuation in the currently used Sabin vaccine of this serotype. Plaque-purified derivatives of these strains possess closely similar serological and biochemical properties yet differ markedly in neurovirulence for monkeys. Molecular cloning via an RNA . cDNA method has facilitated comparative nucleotide sequencing. Initial efforts have concentrated on the region of the genome encoding VP1. Only minor structural differences between neurovirulent and attenuated type 3 strains were detected, in contrast to the major differences observed between the vaccine strains of poliovirus type 1 and its virulent precursor P1/Mahoney. These observations suggest that the molecular basis of attenuation of type 3 Sabin vaccine virus does not involve the VP1 polypeptide and, therefore, that mutations conferring the attenuated phenotype probably lie elsewhere in the genome.
Formation of XeI(<i>B</i>) in low pressure inductive radio frequency electric discharges sustained in mixtures of Xe and I2 (1996)

Low pressure excimer discharges (&lt;1–5 Torr) are of interest for use as ultraviolet sources for lighting applications. XeI(B) is an attractive candidate for excimer lamps due to the low corrosive properties of iodine. The excimer is thought to be formed by either harpoon or ion-ion recombination reactions, the latter of which requires a third body. The formation of the excimer at low pressures is therefore problematic. To address this issue, an investigation was conducted to determine the kinetic processes which produce XeI(B) in a low pressure (0.5–5 Torr) inductive radio frequency discharge sustained in Xe and I2. The diagnostics applied in this study include laser-induced fluorescence, optical absorption spectroscopy, and optical emission spectroscopy. Our results indicate that for the experimental conditions, Xe+I2**→XeI(B)+I is a major reaction producing the excimer. This result differs from studies performed at higher pressures which concluded that the harpoon reaction between Xe* and I2 or ionic recombination between Xe+2 and I− are the major sources of XeI(B).
A visualized analysis of small-angle neutron scattering intensity: concentration fluctuation in alcohol–water mixtures (2007)

Small-angle neutron scattering measurements have been performed on tert-butyl alcohol–water mixtures with alcohol concentrations from 0.05 to 0.30 mole fractions at 298, 313 and 328 K. Concentration fluctuations of the mixtures are analysed in terms of fractals. The structure of the concentration fluctuation is visualized by means of a large-scale reverse Monte Carlo technique. Percolation analysis of the visualized structure shows that the concentration fluctuation is characterized by polydisperse mass fractals, as found for 1-propanol–water mixtures. It seems that polydisperse mass fractals are a common structural characteristic in various alcohol–water mixtures.
A Hybrid Control Algorithm for Voltage Regulation in DC–DC Boost Converter (2008)

A new switching control algorithm based on state trajectory approximation is proposed to regulate the output voltage of a representative second-order DC-DC converter - the boost converter. The essence of the proposed algorithm is to trap the system into a stable limit cycle while ensuring the required voltage regulation. Unlike some of the earlier algorithms, the concept is applicable to both continuous and discontinuous current modes of operation, making it viable over a wide operating range under various load and line disturbances. A hybrid-automaton representation of the converter is used to perform the analysis, and the control problem is simplified to a guard-selection problem. Guard conditions, governing the transition of the converter operation from one discrete state to the other in a hybrid-automaton representation, are derived. The hybrid-automaton-based control system is implemented by using the state flow chart feature of MATLAB, and extensive simulations are carried out to check the suitability of the algorithm. The hybrid control law is also validated in real time by using a laboratory prototype. The experimental and simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control law under varying line and load conditions.
A Risk-Based Deposit Insurance System (1986)

The assessments and the role for Federal and State deposit insurance funds have been public policy concerns since the banking holiday of 1932 and the Federal Deposit Insurance Act of 1933. … This study provides for adjusting the deposit insurance premium cost to credit a risk-based dividend toward an institution's current insurance premium. Thus, the net or effective insurance premium for each association becomes a risk-based premium. For each S&L, a financial risk index is developed and employed to determine its appropriate dividend. A simple model is developed utilizing only the readily available, and no legislation is required. A dynamic system is also developed for distributing dividends after a risk based system is accepted.
Parasite-induced IL-12 stimulates early IFN- <i>gamma</i> synthesis and resistance during acute infection with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> . (1994)

In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to assess the involvement of IL-12 in resistance to acute and chronic infection with an avirulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Our previous findings implicated macrophages as a major source of parasite-induced IL-12. This finding was confirmed by showing that peritoneal macrophages exposed to either live parasites or soluble tachyzoite Ags produce IL-12 protein. In mice, increased expression of IL-12 (p40) mRNA in both spleen and peritoneal cells was detected as early as 2 days postinfection. Treatment with neutralizing mAbs against IL-12 increased the susceptibility of C57BL/6, BALB/c, and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice to acute infection, which resulted in 100% mortality within the first 15 days after parasite inoculation. In contrast, neutralization of endogenously produced IL-12 had no effect when given during chronic infection. In agreement with the survival data, treatment with anti-IL-12 resulted in decreased IFN-gamma and enhanced Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine synthesis by splenocytes when given during acute, but not chronic, toxoplasmosis. Sorting experiments on spleen cells from acutely infected mice indicated that both CD4+ lymphocytes and NK1.1+/CD3- cells contribute to the early IFN-gamma response. In contrast, CD4+ cells were found to be the major source of the cytokine during chronic disease. Together, these results suggest that the stimulation of macrophage-derived IL-12 plays a major role in both the induction of resistance and Th1 cell subset selection in acute T. gondii infection, but may not be required to maintain established immunity.
Thulium Fiber Laser Ablation of Urinary Stones Through Small-Core Optical Fibers (2009)

Complications during laser lithotripsy include optical fiber bending failure resulting in endoscope damage and low irrigation rates leading to poor visibility. Both problems are related to fiber diameter and limited by the holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser (lambda = 2120 nm) multimode beam profile. This study exploits the thulium fiber laser (lambda = 1908 nm) beam profile for higher power transmission through smaller fibers. Thulium fiber laser radiation with 1 ms pulse duration, pulse rates of 10-30 Hz, and 70-mu m-diameter spot was coupled into silica fibers with 100, 150, and 200 mum core diameters. Fiber transmission, bending, and endoscope irrigation tests were performed. Damage thresholds for 100, 150, and 200 mum fibers averaged 40, 60, and > 80 W, respectively. Irrigation rates measured 35, 26, and 15 mL/min for no fiber, and 100 and 200 mum fibers. Thulium fiber laser energy of 70 mJ delivered at 20 Hz through a 100 mum fiber resulted in vaporization and fragmentation rates of 10 and 60 mg/min for uric acid stones. The thulium fiber laser beam profile provides higher laser power through smaller fibers than Ho:YAG laser, potentially reducing fiber failure and endoscope damage, and allowing greater irrigation rates for improved visibility.
Therapy for β‐globinopathies: a brief review and determinants for successful and safe correction (2010)

Gene therapy for beta-globinopathies, particularly beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia, hold much promise for the future, as a one time cure for these common and debilitating disorders. Correction of the beta-globinopathies using lentivirus vectors (LV) carrying the beta- or gamma-globin genes and elements of the locus control region has been well established in murine models, and a good idea of "what it will take to cure these diseases" has been developed in the first decade of the twenty-first century. A clinical trial using one such vector has been initiated in France while other trials are in development. Vector improvements to enhance the safety and efficiency of LV are being explored, while newer strategies, like homologous recombination in induced pluripotent cells for correction of sickle cell anemia, has been shown as a proof-of-concept. Here we provide a review of current progress in genetic correction of beta-globin disorders.
Forensic 3D Scene Reconstruction (1999)

Traditionally law enforcement agencies have relied on basic measurement and imaging tools, such as tape measures and cameras, in recording a crime scene. A disadvantage of these methods is that they are slow and cumbersome. The development of a portable system that can rapidly record a crime scene with current camera imaging, 3D geometric surface maps, and contribute quantitative measurements such as accurate relative positioning of crime scene objects, would be an asset to law enforcement agents in collecting and recording significant forensic data. The purpose of this project is to develop a feasible prototype of a fast, accurate, 3D measurement and imaging system that would support law enforcement agents to quickly document and accurately record a crime scene.
Enamide Photochemistry. A Convenient Synthesis of 3-Aryl-1-oxotetrahydro- and dihydro-Isoquinolines (Isocarbostyrils) (1986)

Irradiation of enamides 1 gave 3 aryl-1-oxotetrahydroisoquinolines 3 in good yields. Use of iodine led to the formation of dihydroisoquinolines 4.
Serial combination of rules and statistics (2001)

A hybrid system is described which combines the strength of manual rulewriting and statistical learning, obtaining results superior to both methods if applied separately. The combination of a rule-based system and a statistical one is not parallel but serial: the rule-based system performing partial disambiguation with recall close to 100% is applied first, and a trigram HMM tagger runs on its results. An experiment in Czech tagging has been performed with encouraging results.
Review: <i>John Phoenix, Esq., The Veritable Squibob: A Life of Captain George H. Derby, U.S.A.</i>, by George R. Stewart (1938)

Book Review| June 01 1938 Review John Phoenix, Esq., The Veritable Squibob: A Life of Captain George H. Derby, U.S.A.George R. Stewart Osgood Hardy Osgood Hardy Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1938) 7 (2): 172–173. https://doi.org/10.2307/3633916 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Osgood Hardy; Review. Pacific Historical Review 1 June 1938; 7 (2): 172–173. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3633916 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1938 The Arthur H. Clark Company Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Printable photo-supercapacitor using single-walled carbon nanotubes (2010)

A printable, all solid-state photo-supercapacitor (PSC) incorporating both organic photovoltaic (OPV) and supercapacitor (SC) functions has been demonstrated utilizing a single-walled carbon nanotube network, enabling a thinner (< 0.6 mm) and lighter (< 1 g) device architecture, which leads to a 43% reduction in device internal resistance as compared to external wire connected OPVs and SCs.