gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synaptic and nonsynaptic plasticity approximating probabilistic inference (2014)

Learning and memory operations in neural circuits are believed to involve molecular cascades of synaptic and nonsynaptic changes that lead to a diverse repertoire of dynamical phenomena at higher levels of processing. Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity, neuromodulation, and intrinsic excitability all conspire to form and maintain memories. But it is still unclear how these seemingly redundant mechanisms could jointly orchestrate learning in a more unified system. To this end, a Hebbian learning rule for spiking neurons inspired by Bayesian statistics is proposed. In this model, synaptic weights and intrinsic currents are adapted on-line upon arrival of single spikes, which initiate a cascade of temporally interacting memory traces that locally estimate probabilities associated with relative neuronal activation levels. Trace dynamics enable synaptic learning to readily demonstrate a spike-timing dependence, stably return to a set-point over long time scales, and remain competitive despite this stability. Beyond unsupervised learning, linking the traces with an external plasticity-modulating signal enables spike-based reinforcement learning. At the postsynaptic neuron, the traces are represented by an activity-dependent ion channel that is shown to regulate the input received by a postsynaptic cell and generate intrinsic graded persistent firing levels. We show how spike-based Hebbian-Bayesian learning can be performed in a simulated inference task using integrate-and-fire (IAF) neurons that are Poisson-firing and background-driven, similar to the preferred regime of cortical neurons. Our results support the view that neurons can represent information in the form of probability distributions, and that probabilistic inference could be a functional by-product of coupled synaptic and nonsynaptic mechanisms operating over several timescales. The model provides a biophysical realization of Bayesian computation by reconciling several observed neural phenomena whose functional effects are only partially understood in concert.
Mitochondrial Respiration - An Important Therapeutic Target in Melanoma (2012)

The importance of mitochondria as oxygen sensors as well as producers of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has recently become a focal point of cancer research. However, in the case of melanoma, little information is available to what extent cellular bioenergetics processes contribute to the progression of the disease and related to it, whether oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has a prominent role in advanced melanoma. In this study we demonstrate that compared to melanocytes, metastatic melanoma cells have elevated levels of OXPHOS. Furthermore, treating metastatic melanoma cells with the drug, Elesclomol, which induces cancer cell apoptosis through oxidative stress, we document by way of stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) that proteins participating in OXPHOS are downregulated. We also provide evidence that melanoma cells with high levels of glycolysis are more resistant to Elesclomol. We further show that Elesclomol upregulates hypoxia inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), and that prolonged exposure of melanoma cells to this drug leads to selection of melanoma cells with high levels of glycolysis. Taken together, our findings suggest that molecular targeting of OXPHOS may have efficacy for advanced melanoma.
A quantitative atlas of histone modification signatures from human cancer cells (2013)

Our proteomic and genomic characterizations of the histone modification states provide a resource for future investigations of the epigenetic and non-epigenetic determinants for classifying and analyzing cancer cells.
The RNA-binding protein, ZC3H14, is required for proper poly(A) tail length control, expression of synaptic proteins, and brain function in mice (2017)

A number of mutations in genes that encode ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding proteins cause tissue specific disease. Many of these diseases are neurological in nature revealing critical roles for this class of proteins in the brain. We recently identified mutations in a gene that encodes a ubiquitously expressed polyadenosine RNA-binding protein, ZC3H14 (Zinc finger CysCysCysHis domain-containing protein 14), that cause a nonsyndromic, autosomal recessive form of intellectual disability. This finding reveals the molecular basis for disease and provides evidence that ZC3H14 is essential for proper brain function. To investigate the role of ZC3H14 in the mammalian brain, we generated a mouse in which the first common exon of the ZC3H14 gene, exon 13 is removed (Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13) leading to a truncated ZC3H14 protein. We report here that, as in the patients, Zc3h14 is not essential in mice. Utilizing these Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13mice, we provide the first in vivo functional characterization of ZC3H14 as a regulator of RNA poly(A) tail length. The Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice show enlarged lateral ventricles in the brain as well as impaired working memory. Proteomic analysis comparing the hippocampi of Zc3h14+/+ and Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice reveals dysregulation of several pathways that are important for proper brain function and thus sheds light onto which pathways are most affected by the loss of ZC3H14. Among the proteins increased in the hippocampi of Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice compared to control are key synaptic proteins including CaMK2a. This newly generated mouse serves as a tool to study the function of ZC3H14 in vivo.
Calibration of bridge-, charge- and voltage amplifiers for dynamic measurement applications (2015)

Measuring amplifiers are used for transducer output signal conditioning in many dynamic measurement applications. For a traceable measurement, a calibration of all components of the measuring chain—and therefore of the conditioning amplifiers, too—is mandatory. In this paper methods for a dynamic calibration of different types of conditioning amplifiers are presented. Measurement uncertainties and calibration results for typical amplifiers are discussed.
The ParaWalker: Walking for thoracic paraplegics (1988)

The ParaWalker was designed at the Orthotic Research and Locomotor Assessment Unit (ORLAU) for children with spina bifida. Using crutches, these children walk with a reciprocal gait. Experience with the children and improvements in the design has enabled the team at ORLAU to give adult thoracic level paraplegics the chance of low energy reciprocal walking.The orthosis is described together with the fitting and training programmes. Energy costs are discussed, with comparisons to previous surveys. The hybrid system, i.e., ParaWalker plus functional electrical stimulation (FES), is also considered.
Possible physiological functions of penicillin-binding proteins in Staphylococcus aureus (1986)

There are four penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in Staphylococcus aureus, of which PBPs 2 and 3 are essential. Cefotaxime binds selectively to PBP 2, and cephalexin binds to PBP 3, each at its respective MIC. The morphology of S. aureus strains grown in the presence of the two antibiotics was examined by phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy. Exposure of the cells to cefotaxime at concentrations at which it bound selectively to PBP 2 resulted in the extrusion of cytoplasm and cell lysis, whereas exposure to cephalexin at concentrations at which it bound exclusively to PBP 3 resulted in cell enlargement and the cessation of septation. The latter morphological response was very similar to that produced by norfloxacin. The results suggest that in S. aureus, PBP 2 may be the primary peptidoglycan transpeptidase, and PBP 3 may be involved in septation.
LiFePO4/Polymer Composite Cathodes with High Rate Capability (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Regional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesion Burden and Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (2001)

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging regional lesion burden and cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis (MS) over a 4-year follow-up period. <h3>Design</h3> Twenty-eight patients with MS underwent magnetic resonance imaging and took the Brief, Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests in Multiple Sclerosis at baseline, 1-year, and 4-year follow-up. An automated 3-dimensional lesion detection method was used to identify MS lesions within anatomical regions on proton density T2-weighted images. The relationship between magnetic resonance imaging regional lesion volumes and the Brief, Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests in Multiple Sclerosis results was examined using regression analyses. <h3>Results</h3> At all time points, frontal lesion volume represented the greatest proportion of total lesion volume, and the percentage of white matter classified as lesion was also highest in frontal and parietal regions. On neuropsychological testing, when compared with age- and educational level–matched control subjects, patients with MS showed significant impairment on tests of sustained attention, processing speed, and verbal memory (<i>P</i><.001). Performance on these measures was negatively correlated with MS lesion volume in frontal and parietal regions at baseline, 1-year, and 4-year follow-up (<i>R</i>= −0.55 to −0.73,<i>P</i><.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Multiple sclerosis lesions show a propensity for frontal and parietal white matter. Lesion burden in these areas was strongly associated with performance on tasks requiring sustained complex attention and working verbal memory. This relationship was consistent over a 4-year period, suggesting that disruption of frontoparietal subcortical networks may underlie the pattern of neuropsychological impairment seen in many patients with MS.
Measurements of Insulin Secretory Capacity and Glucose Tolerance to Predict Pancreatic β-Cell Mass In Vivo in the Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin Gottingen Minipig, a Model of Moderate Insulin Deficiency and Diabetes (2003)

Knowledge about beta-cell mass and/or function could be of importance for the early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. However, measurement of beta-cell function as an estimate of beta-cell mass is currently the only method possible in humans. The present study was performed to investigate different functional tests as predictors of beta-cell mass in the Göttingen minipig. beta-cell mass was reduced in the Göttingen minipig with a combination of nicotinamide (100 [n = 6], 67 [n = 25], 20 [n = 2], or 0 mg/kg [n = 4]) and streptozotocin (125 mg/kg). Six normal pigs were included. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (n = 43) and insulin secretion test (n = 30) were performed and pancreata obtained for stereological determination of beta-cell mass. During OGTT, fasting glucose (r(2) = 0.1744, P < 0.01), area under the curve for glucose (r(2) = 0.2706, P < 0.001), maximum insulin secretion (r(2) = 0.2160, P < 0.01), and maximum C-peptide secretion (r(2) = 0.1992, P < 0.01) correlated with beta-cell mass. During the insulin secretion test, acute insulin response to 0.3 g/kg (r(2) = 0.6155, P < 0.0001) and 0.6 g/kg glucose (r(2) = 0.7321, P < 0.0001) and arginine (67 mg/kg) (r(2) = 0.7732, P < 0.0001) and maximum insulin secretion (r(2) = 0.8192, P < 0.0001) correlated with beta-cell mass. This study supports the use of functional tests to evaluate beta-cell mass in vivo and has established a validated basis for developing a mathematical method for estimation of beta-cell mass in vivo in the Göttingen minipig.
La complexa relació entre persones, economia i espais d'interès natural: pla de desenvolupament del Delta de l'Ebre (1995)

El delta de l'Ebre es una zona amb unes caracteristiques i una problematica molt especifiques com a consequencia de la necessaria i complexa convivencia entre l'home, la seva activitat economica i un medi natural excepcional. Per tant, qualsevol nova activitat que es desenvolupi en aquest territori ha de ser respectuosa amb el seu entorn i compatible amb la preservacio dels valors ecologics. Ara be, el fet d'habitar enmig d'una zona tan singular com la del Delta no ha de significar la renuncia a uns estandards de qualitat de vida i d'equipaments per part de la poblacio sino que, al contrari, ha de possibilitar un desenvolupament socio-economic que permeti assentar la poblacio en el territori i li garanteixi l'obtencio de rendes suficients.
A Review on Chemical Methodologies for Preparation of Mesoporous Silica and Alumina Based Materials (2009)

The discovery of novel family of molecular sieves called M41S aroused a worldwide resurgence in the field of porous materials. According to IUPAC definition inorganic solids that contain pores with diameter in the size range of 20-500 A are considered mesoporous materials. Mesoporous silica and alumina based materials find applications in catalysis, adsorption, host- guest encapsulation etc. This article reviews the current state of art and outline the recent patents in mesoporous materials research in three general areas: Synthesis, various mechanisms involved for porous structure formation and applications of silica and alumina based mesoporous materials.
An Efficient Method for Identifying Gene Fusions by Targeted RNA Sequencing from Fresh Frozen and FFPE Samples (2015)

Fusion genes are known to be key drivers of tumor growth in several types of cancer. Traditionally, detecting fusion genes has been a difficult task based on fluorescent in situ hybridization to detect chromosomal abnormalities. More recently, RNA sequencing has enabled an increased pace of fusion gene identification. However, RNA-Seq is inefficient for the identification of fusion genes due to the high number of sequencing reads needed to detect the small number of fusion transcripts present in cells of interest. Here we describe a method, Single Primer Enrichment Technology (SPET), for targeted RNA sequencing that is customizable to any target genes, is simple to use, and efficiently detects gene fusions. Using SPET to target 5701 exons of 401 known cancer fusion genes for sequencing, we were able to identify known and previously unreported gene fusions from both fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue RNA in both normal tissue and cancer cells.
Comparative Anatomy Comparative Vertebrate Morphology Douglas Webster Molly Webster Analysis of Vertebrate Structure Milton Hildebrand (1975)

Comparative Anatomy Get access Comparative Vertebrate Morphology, by Webster Douglas Webster Molly. Academic Press, New York, 1974, 517 p., illus., $14.95 (72-12185).Analysis of Vertebrate Structure, by Hildebrand Milton. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974, 710 p., illus., $14.95 (73-11486). Bryan P. Glass Bryan P. Glass Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 25, Issue 2, February 1975, Page 120, https://doi.org/10.2307/1297114 Published: 01 February 1975
Behavioral-based feature abstraction from network traffic (2015)

Information security breaches cost organizations collectively billions in lost intellectual property and business. To mitigate this threat, a whole host of countermeasures have been devised to detect, monitor and respond to network‐based attacks and compromise. These include: incident management teams oper‐ating 24/7, network forensic tools, Security Incident and Event Management (SIEM) systems, insider misuse detection, intrusion detection and intrusion pre‐vention systems. A fundamental limitation of all these approaches however is the reliance upon analyzing network traffic based upon the computer node, which itself is derived from a dynamically allocated IP address, rather than being able to identify network traffic based upon the user. Identifying the user rather than IP provides a more complete and accurate set of data to be utilized within existing countermeasures. For example, in an organization, a user might have access to a desktop, laptop, tablet and mobile phone that all utilize and access the corporate network and who’s IPs are different and vary against time. Currently understand‐ing and identifying that user in such an environment is extremely challenging and time consuming. Whilst research has attempted to achieve this level of abstrac‐tion to the user, results are poor due to the volume and variability of data at the network‐level. This paper describes a research study into the identification and extraction of high‐level behavioural features from low‐level network traffic. Hav‐ing identified application‐level services and derived sets of typical use cases, this research presents a set of experiments to demonstrate how user behaviours with‐in internet‐enabled applications can be determined through analysis of low‐level network traffic metadata. The enhanced features that are derived not only inform us of which services a person is using but also how they use it. For example, from our social networking experiment it has been shown that it is possible to identify whether a person is reading, posting an image or using instant messenger. This feature‐rich user‐focused approach to metadata analysis of network traffic will provide the underlying information required for profiling and modelling user activity.
Pharmacists building a safer health system (2001)

Journal Article Pharmacists building a safer health system Get access Philip J. Schneider, M.S., FASHP Philip J. Schneider, M.S., FASHP Clinical Professor and Director Latiolais Leadership Program, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1291. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 58, Issue 1, 1 January 2001, Pages 66–68, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/58.1.66 Published: 01 January 2001
An Adaptive Forecast-Based Chart for Non-Gaussian Processes Monitoring: With Application to Equipment Malfunctions Detection in a Thermal Power Plant (2010)

In order to ensure power quality and keep supplying power in a thermal power plant, early detection of equipment malfunctions is a critical issue. This study attempts to develop an adaptive forecast-based chart so as to enhance the fault detectability in a thermal power plant. In the proposed monitoring statistic, the exponentially weighted moving average is adopted to preserve the information of past observations. Simultaneously, independent component analysis (ICA) is used to extract non-Gaussian information. The advantages of the proposed statistic include the fact that it is capable of monitoring non-Gaussian processes, the detection of small process shifts is improved, and the traditional ICA chart is a special case of the proposed one. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by a simulated process and a real case of thermal power plant of Taiwan Power Company. Results demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms conventional monitoring methods, especially for detecting small process changes.
Prototype development of hybrid temperature recorder monitoring system (2010)

Currently, the calibration of burn-in chambers used in a HDDs (Hard Disk Drives) production line requires an engineer to manually monitor temperatures at the hybrid temperature recorders throughout the entire period of calibration process. It is a time consuming and inefficient operation, due to a large number of burn-in chambers used in the production line comparing with a limited number of engineers to handle. Therefore, this paper describes the prototype development of hybrid temperature recorder monitoring system implemented to improve the current manual calibration process of burn-in chamber. The work in this paper applies an object-oriented analysis and design methodology (OOADM) in the development process. The proposed system comprises two subsystems, i.e., a temperature recording subsystem and a monitoring subsystem, interconnected through a wireless network. The temperature recording subsystem performs capturing temperatures from sensors inside the burn-in chamber and sending the temperature data to a central server at the monitoring subsystem in the engineering office for monitoring in real-time. When the errors occur during the calibration process, the alarm signal is displayed and sent to the engineer for alerting. Furthermore, the temperature data is stored in a database for future verification and reference.
Osmosis through a Vapor Gap Supported by Capillarity (1960)

The semipermeable membrane proposed for the demineralization of sea water is based on H. L. Calendar's theory that osmosis takes place through the membrane as vapor, condensing at the opposite membrane surface. The actual membrane being used consists of two sheets of untreated cellophane separated by a water-repellent powder, such as a silicone-coated pumice powder. The vapor gap is maintained by an air pressure in excess of the pressure on the sea water and the cellophane sheets support the capillary surfaces, which will withstand pressures up to 1500 p.s.i. A number of successful experiments are reported with over 95% desalinization. The present effort is directed toward obtaining reproducible experimental results and better methods of fabricating the vapor gap.
Allende, Mexico, Meteorite Shower (1971)

The Allende meteorite fell near Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico, between 0105 and 0110 Central Standard Time on Saturday, 8 February 1969. The fireball approached from the south-southwest (S37?W), and broke up in the atmosphere, producing thousands of fusion-crusted meteoritic stones. The smallest individuals were recovered 4 km east of Rancho Polanco (26?432 N, 105?282 W), and the largest near, Rancho El Cairo (27?062 N, 105?122 W), some 50 km to the north-northeast across the Parral-Jimin?z highway. Specimen size increases generally as one moves to the north-northeast within the field, and many large specimens (5-15 kg) were recovered in and around the area enclosed by Pueblito de Allende, San Juan, Rancho Blanco, and Santa Ana. At least two tons of meteoritic stones have been recovered, with crusted individuals ranging in weight from approximately 1 g to one individual of 110 kg. Specimen shapes are mainly fragmental, due to one major disruption of the parent body, followed by minor subsequent fragmentation. Individual stones have primary and secondary fusion crust, and some fresh fracture surfaces due to late-stage breaking. A small percentage of stones shows strong ablative shaping due to oriented flight. The elongate strewnfield possibly exceeds 300 km2 in area, making Allende the largest recorded stony meteorite fall both in its areal extent and in total weight of recovered meteorites. Allende fell near the sites of find of two major iron meteorites, Morito and Chupaderos.<br/>Chemical and mineralogical compositions establish that Allende is a Type III carbonaceous chondrite. Three distinct components can be recognized: finegrained black matrix (&lt;&quot;60%), chondrules (&lt;&quot;30%), and irregular white aggregates (&lt;&quot;10%). The matrix consists almost entirely of iron-rich olivine (average 50% Fe2SiO4), with minor amounts of troilite, pentlandite, and taenite, rendered opaque by dispersed carbonaceous material. Most of the chondrules are magnesium-rich, and consist of olivine (average 9% Fe2SiO4) with minor amounts of clinoenstatite and some glass; a few chondrules are rich in calcium and aluminum, and are made up largely of anorthite, gehlenite, augite, and spinel. The irregular aggregates are also rich in calcium and aluminum, and contain anorthite, gehlenite, augite, spinel, nepheline, grossular, and sodalite (the last two minerals have not previously been recorded from meteorites). Complete chemical analyses have been made of the bulk meteorite, a dark inclusion, the matrix, a chondrule concentrate, two individual chondrules, and a single aggregate.
IFN-gamma induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. (2003)

IFN-gamma induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in human epithelial ovarian cancer.