gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Was nützt Soziologie (2006)

In der deutschen Wochenzeitung "Die Zeit" fand im Jahr 1996 eine Diskussion über den aktuellen Zustand der deutschen Soziologie statt, die große Aufmerksamkeit bei einem interessierten Publikum hervorrief und in ihrem Tenor der Soziologie als wissenschaftlicher Disziplin ein ausgesprochen negatives Zeugnis ausstellte. Eine ähnliche Frage stellten sich französische Soziologen in einem Buch, das von Bernard Lahire unter dem Titel "A quoi sert la sociologie?" im Jahr 2002 herausgegeben wurde. Während in der deutschen Diskussion eine intensive Neigung zu beobachten war, die Soziologie als veraltet, weltfremd und unproduktiv abzuqualifizieren, so stellte keiner der französischen Autoren die Existenzberechtigung des Faches prinzipiell in Frage. Alle Beteiligten der französischen Diskussion gingen vielmehr von der wissenschaftlichen Notwendigkeit der Soziologie aus und plädierten für eine bewusste Orientierung der Soziologie auf die faktischen Probleme der Gesellschaft. Wie lassen sich die Unterschiede zwischen der deutschen und französischen Diskussion erklären? Hängen sie nur mit einer Zufallsauswahl zusammen und würden verschwinden, wenn sich der Kreis der Beteiligten anders zusammensetzte? Oder gibt es Gründe für diese Unterschiede, die sich nicht auf Zufälligkeiten beschränken? Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht Antworten auf diese Fragen zu geben, indem er die strukturell unterschiedlichen Bedingungen des soziologischen Diskurses und seiner öffentlichen Resonanz und Reputation in Deutschland und Frankreich umreißt. (ICI2)
One‐Pot Selective Conversion of Hemicellulose (Xylan) to Xylitol under Mild Conditions (2012)

Something from nothing: Hemicellulose is selectively converted into valuable xylitol via a mild hydrogen transfer reaction, with a xylitol yield above 80 %. Instead of using high-pressure H2, isopropanol is used as hydrogen source in the presence of a Ru/C catalyst. Furthermore, a selective step-by-step conversion of hemicellulose and cellulose to different polyols in a one-pot process is described. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Mitigating Prefetcher-Caused Pollution Using Informed Caching Policies for Prefetched Blocks (2015)

Many modern high-performance processors prefetch blocks into the on-chip cache. Prefetched blocks can potentially pollute the cache by evicting more useful blocks. In this work, we observe that both accurate and inaccurate prefetches lead to cache pollution, and propose a comprehensive mechanism to mitigate prefetcher-caused cache pollution. First, we observe that over 95% of useful prefetches in a wide variety of applications are not reused after the first demand hit (in secondary caches). Based on this observation, our first mechanism simply demotes a prefetched block to the lowest priority on a demand hit. Second, to address pollution caused by inaccurate prefetches, we propose a self-tuning prefetch accuracy predictor to predict if a prefetch is accurate or inaccurate. Only predicted-accurate prefetches are inserted into the cache with a high priority. Evaluations show that our final mechanism, which combines these two ideas, significantly improves performance compared to both the baseline LRU policy and two state-of-the-art approaches to mitigating prefetcher-caused cache pollution (up to 49%, and 6% on average for 157 two-core multiprogrammed workloads). The performance improvement is consistent across a wide variety of system configurations.
Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Facilitates Respiratory Muscle Function during Sleep in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1991)

Patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency due to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and presumed respiratory muscle fatigue may benefit from therapeutic maneuvers aimed at reducing the magnitude of inspiratory muscle effort. Recent work has demonstrated that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can significantly reduce inspiratory effort and work of breathing in COPD patients with acute respiratory failure. Accordingly it was reasoned that prolonged CPAP administration may similarly reduce the work of breathing in stable COPD patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency, thereby allowing recovery from respiratory muscle fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of employing nasal CPAP during sleep as a means of implementing this approach to reducing inspiratory muscle effort in such patients. Standard polysomnographic parameters were recorded during nocturnal administration of nasal CPAP in eight stable patients with severe COPD (FEV1 = 26.7 +/- 3.9% of predicted). Esophageal pressure, diaphragmatic (EMGdi) and parasternal intercostal (EMGic) electromyographic activity, arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2), and transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2) were also measured. Breathing pattern was determined by respiratory inductive plethysmography. In each patient an optimum level of nasal CPAP could be determined that produced consistent reductions in indices of inspiratory muscle effort without changing tidal volume or breathing frequency. Highly significant reductions in the tidal excursions of esophageal pressure and the pressure-time integral for the inspiratory muscles occurred at the optimum CPAP level in all patients. EMGdi and EMGic were similarly reduced. SaO2 and PtcCO2 were unaffected by CPAP. These results indicate that nasal CPAP can effectively reduce inspiratory muscle effort during sleep in patients with severe COPD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Numerical and experimental study on silicon microresonators based on phononic crystal slabs with reduced central-hole radii (2013)

10.1088/0960-1317/23/6/065030
Stabilizing fractionally-spaced equalizers (2002)

The authors analyze the instability of fractionally-spaced equalizers (FSEs) and show that this is caused by two different factors. The first is the vanishing of the signal power spectral density in some frequency intervals. The second, which does not seem to have been previously recognized, is the folding of the error signal spectrum at the equalizer output. The tap-leakage algorithm eliminates the FSE instability at the expense of increasing the output mean-square error. Previously proposed stabilizing algorithms eliminate only one of the two causes of instability. The performance of these algorithms is analyzed, and a new stabilizing algorithm is described which performs better than the tap-leakage algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tables of the dynamic and kinematic viscosity of aqueous KCl solutions in the temperature range 25–150 °C and the pressure range 0.1–35 MPa (1981)

Tabulated values of the dynamic and kinematic viscosity of potassium chloride solutions are given. The tables cover the temperature range 25–150 °C, the pressure range 0.1–35 MPa and the concentration range 0–5 molal. It is estimated that the accuracy of the tabulated values is ±1%. The correlations from which the tables were generated are also given.
Mathematical models for ligand-receptor binding. Real sites, ghost sites. (1984)

In the basic life sciences the term "model" implies a physical, chemical, or molecular construct that provides a representation for the interpretation of experimental observations. To the statistician, however, a model is a mathematical expression for correlating data, which may or may not have roots in a molecular picture. With regard to ligand-receptor interactions, the mathematical model used plays a crucial role in extrapolations of binding measurements. Regardless of the statistical goodness of fit of data to an equation, the relationships of the parameters of a mathematical formalism to the molecular features of ligand-receptor complexes are generally very complex. Oversimplified interpretations of the molecular significance of the constants derived from binding measurements are unwarranted, unless one has independent information from molecular probes.
Tumor cell-produced matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) drives malignant progression and metastasis of basal-like triple negative breast cancer (2014)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in diverse roles in breast cancer development and progression. While many of the different MMPs expressed in breast cancer are produced by stromal cells MMP-9 is produced mainly by the tumor cells themselves. To date, the functional role of tumor cell-produced MMP-9 has remained unclear. Here, we show that human breast cancer cell-produced MMP-9 is specifically required for invasion in cell culture and for pulmonary metastasis in a mouse orthotopic model of basal-like breast cancer. We also find that tumor cell-produced MMP-9 promotes tumor vascularization with only modest impact on primary tumor growth, and that silencing of MMP-9 expression in tumor cells leads to an altered transcriptional program consistent with reversion to a less malignant phenotype. MMP-9 is most highly expressed in human basal-like and triple negative tumors, where our data suggest that it contributes to metastatic progression. Our results suggest that MMP9 may offer a target for anti-metastatic therapies for basal-like triple negative breast cancers, a poor prognosis subtype with few available molecularly targeted therapeutic options.
miR-27b controls venous specification and tip cell fate (2011)

We discovered that miR-27b controls 2 critical vascular functions: it turns the angiogenic switch on by promoting endothelial tip cell fate and sprouting and it promotes venous differentiation. We have identified its targets, a Notch ligand Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) and Sprouty homologue 2 (Spry2). miR-27b knockdown in zebrafish and mouse tissues severely impaired vessel sprouting and filopodia formation. Moreover, miR-27b was necessary for the formation of the first embryonic vein in fish and controlled the expression of arterial and venous markers in human endothelium, including Ephrin B2 (EphB2), EphB4, FMS-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt1), and Flt4. In zebrafish, Dll4 inhibition caused increased sprouting and longer intersegmental vessels and exacerbated tip cell migration. Blocking Spry2 caused premature vessel branching. In contrast, Spry2 overexpression eliminated the tip cell branching in the intersegmental vessels. Blockade of Dll4 and Spry2 disrupted arterial specification and augmented the expression of venous markers. Blocking either Spry2 or Dll4 rescued the miR-27b knockdown phenotype in zebrafish and in mouse vascular explants, pointing to essential roles of these targets downstream of miR-27b. Our study identifies critical role of miR-27b in the control of endothelial tip cell fate, branching, and venous specification and determines Spry2 and Dll4 as its essential targets.
Canine thoracic electrical impedance with changes in pulmonary gas and blood volumes (1982)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate transthoracic impedance (Z) as an index of total lung liquid content at constant lung gas volume (LGV). To this end we produced rapid changes in pulmonary blood volume (PBV) in anesthetized, paralyzed, closed-chest dogs with the airway occluded at functional residual capacity. Changes in PBV produced by inflation of balloons on catheters positioned in the left atrium (LA) or inferior vena cava (IVC) were estimated from the changes in chest wall recoil pressure, using the chest wall as a plethysmograph after calibration with changes in LGV. Whereas Z increased linearly with decreases in PBV (1-6 ml/kg) produced by the IVC balloon (% delta Z/delta PBV = -0.43 ml/kg, r = -0.81), Z did not change significantly with increases in PBV (1-6 ml/kg) produced by the LA balloon. These observations indicate that changes in PBV are not the primary determinant of changes in Z and raise the possibility that other hemodynamic events are more important. Whereas aortic pressure decreased with both IVC and LA balloon inflations, right atrial pressure (Pra) increased with mitral valve obstruction and decreased with IVC obstruction. Changes in chest wall blood volume in response to changes in Pra could explain the changes in thoracic impedance. Thus, even at constant LGV, events in the systemic circulation appear to invalidate Z as an indicator of lung liquid content.
Regular language inference using evolving neural networks (2003)

Regular language inference is studied using evolving recurrent neural networks that may change in size through mutations. The scaling of the learning time when information theoretic properties of the test problems are varied is also investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of Prony analysis to the determination of modal content and equivalent models for measured power system response (1991)

It has been shown by J.F. Hauer et al. (ibid., vol.5, p.80-90, Feb. 1990) that Prony analysis can be very effective in response-based modal analysis of noise-free linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. This methodology extends Fourier analysis by directly estimating the frequency, damping, strength, and relative phase of the modal components present in a recorded signal. This earlier work is extended, concentrating upon power system planning applications, for stability program outputs. Results are presented for modal analysis and detailed model construction based on response data obtained through large-scale tests of the western US power system. An optimal modeling program, SYSFIT, is used to supplement the measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Audio Transcoding Algorithm For Mobile Multimedia Application (2006)

In this paper, we propose an audio transcoding algorithm for mobile multimedia applications. The algorithm is to provide high quality transcoded audio stream from a multimedia broadcasting media server system to mobile terminals. As a representative case, audio transcoder between T-DTV and T-DMB service is considered. While the Korean DTV audio standard adopted the Dolby AC-3, the Korean T-DMB service uses the MPEG-4 BSAC. The proposed algorithm reuses the bit allocation information of the AC-3 decoder in the process of BSAC encoding and simplifies the bit-allocation process with two independent loops instead of nested ones. We verified that our architecture could take the place of the nested loop with a significant simplification and no PAM. The proposed audio transcoding algorithm is suitable for the mobile multimedia applications due to its low complexity and minimum frame-by-frame complexity variations.
Targeting heterogeneous multimedia environments with Web services (2004)

The number of networked multimedia platforms that are introduced into the market has increased dramatically in recent years. Current approaches to multimedia distribution do not scale to this growing set of client configurations and heterogeneous dynamic networks. We propose a distributed architecture that offers a scalable solution to multimedia publication and distribution in such heterogeneous environments. It builds upon recent standardization efforts related to Web services. This paper details the multimedia Web services at the proxy server, that cooperate on a loosely coupled basis to tailor content creators' multimedia presentations to clients' environments. The experiments show that our Web service-oriented architecture offers a significant added value in heterogeneous multimedia environments.
Pathogenicity of herpes simplex virus mutants containing drug resistance mutations in the viral DNA polymerase gene (1986)

Three herpes simplex virus mutants that contain drug resistance mutations in the DNA polymerase gene exhibited no significant reduction in replication in the ears of mice compared with the wild type after inoculation at that site but were attenuated for pathogenicity after intracerebral inoculation. Cataracts were common sequelae in mice that survived mutant infections.
Wave-Equation Angle-Domain Imaging for Multicomponent Seismic Data (2005)

A08 WAVE-EQUATION ANGLE-DOMAIN IMAGING FOR MULTICOMPONENT SEISMIC DATA 1. Abstract Seismic images obtained by multicomponent wave-equation migration can be decomposed into angle gathers with a transformation that generalizes the equivalent construction for primary waves. A particularly simple formulation is to use all three components of the offset vector separating sources and receivers at image points. Using full vector offsets multicomponent angle-gathers are built using simple transformations that are implemented partially in the Fourier domain and partially in the space domain. 1 2. Introduction Downward wave extrapolation provides an accurate method for seismic imaging in structurally complex areas (Gray et al.
Densities of several proteins and L-amino acids in the dry state (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDensities of several proteins and L-amino acids in the dry stateE. Berlin and M. J. PallanschCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1968, 72, 6, 1887–1889Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/j100852a004Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1116Altmetric-Citations170LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (358 KB) Get e-Alerts
ASSESSMENT OF SMOKING BEHAVIOR (1979)

The nature of smoking risk is first reviewed and a classification of procedures for assessing smoking behavior is presented. Areas requiring assessment include not only the traditionally measured smoking rate, but also the substance used and topography of consumption. Each of these areas may be assessed through a variety of self-report, observational, or indirect techniques. These techniques as well as some of their advantages and disadvantages are presented. Recently published (1975 to mid-1978) data-based smoking research appearing in four journals (Addictive Behaviors, Behavior Therapy, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, and Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology) is then reviewed with respect to measurement reliability and the use of multiple measures. Results show a strong tendency to assess only the risk area of smoking rate and a low frequency of appropriate measurement reliability checks, especially during baseline and treatment phases. Some of the implications of these results are discussed.
A new electron beam evaporation source for Si molecular beam epitaxy controlled by a quadrupole mass spectrometer (1991)

A new electron beam source was developed according to ultrahigh vacuum design rules. It is rate controlled by means of a quadrupole mass spectrometer based flux meter. Preprogrammed and stored wobble patterns with a large frequency range prior and (for most materials) during evaporation improve the performance of operation and enable a high utilization of the material. A very stable operation is achieved by simultaneously controlling not only the power but also the power density. Long term stability, material utilization, dynamic range, minimum controllable rate and reproducibility were investigated especially for Si molecular beam epitaxy.
Determination of available nitrate, phosphate and sulfate in soil samples. (2009)

ABSTRACT: A study of soil samples was done to determine the concentration of the available phosphate, nitrate and sulfate. Samples were collected from different places at different depths. Before estimation of the anions, the samples were air-dried and sieved mechanically through a sieve with a 2 mm mesh. Sulfate and nitrate were extracted in water with ratio of (1:1), while phosphate was extracted with sodium bicarbonate solution at pH of 8.5. Phosphate was determined as available phosphorus by Spectrophotometric method in which the ammonium phosphomolybdate complex, which was formed first, was reduced by ascorbic acid in presence of antimony to give a distinct blue color which was measured at 880nm. The available nitrate was determined by phenoldisulphonic acid to give a yellow color which was measured spectrophotometrically at 410nm. Sulfate was analyzed by adding excess barium chloride to precipitate barium sulfate which be then determined by turbidimetry method and was measured at 420nm. Our results obtained were compared with previous studies for the same region by central lab for soil and water at 1982 and comparing the results with Libyan standard specification for soil for nutrients which was given by Phozyn international limited results. Key word: Soil, PO43-, SO42-, NO3- ammonium phosphomolybdate, phenoldisulphonic acid, turbidimetry
Robust Control of Electric Power Steering System (2007)

Electric Power Steering (EPS) system has been greatly developed in the last decade. Control strategy design is the core technology, which decides the man-machine interface performance of EPS. Conventional controller based on phase compensation is sensitive to the system variety and parameter uncertainty. Moreover, the tuning of EPS is a very time consuming task. The paper aims at designing a robust controller with H-infinity control method, strengthening the robustness on stability and performance of EPS system, and overcoming the shortage of the classic control method. The simulation and vehicle experiment results verified the effect of proposed robust controller.
Initial stages of Mg adsorption on the Si(111)-7×7 surface (2010)

First-principles calculations are performed to determine the configurations of adsorbed Mg atoms on the Si(111)-7×7 surface. It is shown that Mg atoms prefer to occupy the higher coordination sites of the faulted half unit cell and that they may diffuse laterally to the nearby ones around the same Si center adatom by overcoming a low diffusion barrier of 0.1325 eV. These characteristics are attributed to weak interactions among Mg and nearby Si atoms. The initial adsorption processes of Mg atoms on the Si(111)-7×7 surface are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy imaging at room temperature. Three types of adsorption sites are identified, which, by comparing with theoretical simulations, are found to be associated with the adsorbed configurations of one, two, and three Mg atoms, respectively.