gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whipping and Emulsifying Properties of Soybean Products (1972)

Both whipping and emulsifying properties, the characteristic functional properties of soybean products, were investigated by using the commercial products in Japan. Whipping properties of the soybean products, expressed by foam expansion and foam stability, were found to correlate with water dispersible nitrogen, and the resultant foams were stable when the dissolved proteins were native. Thus, the native defatted soybean flour which contained native and soluble protein exhibited excellent whipping property. Emulsifying properties correlated positively with protein and negatively with fiber contents. As soybean protein isolate and soybean protein extract are rich in protein and poor in fiber contents, both of them show good emulsifying functions.
Canopen: Implementation Made Simple (1999)

From the Publisher:
Fieldbus technology has long been recognised as the future in industrial control applications. CAN (Controller Area Network) and CANopen represent one of the most prominent fieldbus systems on the market. This book describes the application of CAN and the CANopen protocol, detailing communication technology at the shop floor level. It is based on the authors' work in compliance with the latest specifications from the European CAN in Automation group.
Embedded zerotree runlength wavelet image coding (2002)

This paper presents a simple and effective image coding technique: the embedded zerotree runlength wavelet (EZRW) image coding algorithm. The main idea behind EZRW is making use of the correlation among the data output by dominant pass and subordinate pass in the embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) image encoding process. With this algorithm, the compression ratio is better than the EZW algorithm and comparable with that of the SPIHT algorithm for most test images.
Biomimetic syntheses of polyketide aromatics from reaction of an orsellinate anion with pyrones and a pyrylium salt (1984)

Orsellinate anion (12) shows highly regioselective attack on pyrones (13), (22), and (30), and the products were simply converted into derivatives of the polyketides: toralactone (19), 6-hydroxyrnusizin (26), and eleutherinol (32); although reaction of the anion (12) with the pyrylium salt (33) is less selective, the major product (34) can give derivatives of either alternariol (36) or rubrofusarin (37) in regiospecific biomimetic reactions.
High-density 3D electronic-photonic integration (2015)

Today's electronic photonic integration approaches involve various trade-offs between integration complexity, cost and performance, with no single approach being able to satisfy both the high-performance and low cost/complexity requirements. Luxtera's process [1] represents monolithic integration, which has low parasitics and customized photonics but slow transistors. Oracle's [2] and ST Micro [3] integrate photonic chips and electronic chips through face-to-face micro-bump/copper-pillar bonding, which enables fast transistors, optimized photonics but at the cost of high interconnection parasitics (both electrical wirebond to the outside world and chip-to-chip bumps) which limit the link performance. Another monolithic approach recently demonstrated monolithic integration of photonic components in an advanced process node (45nm SOI) [4] and offers the promise of high-speed transistors, low-parasitics, but somewhat constrained photonic devices. In this paper, we illustrate an alternative approach that we recently demonstrated, which aims to offer the best of both worlds by performing 3D integration of electronic and photonic wafers with very low interconnection parasitics. In Figure 1, we illustrate the process in which the photonic SOI wafer is oxide bonded face-to-face with the CMOS wafer (shown on the bottom). The substrate of the photonic wafer is then removed and connections between the CMOS wafer and the photonic wafer are established through tight-pitch shallow (depth less than 7um) through-oxide vias (TOVs). The parasitic capacitance of the TOV is estimated to be around 3fF from on-chip de-embedding structures. This is critical to improved energy efficiency of the transmitter and receiver sensitivity to optical power. In comparison, the capacitance of the micro-bump/copper-pillar connection is at least 10x larger. Figure 2 illustrates one of the chip templates in this electronic-photonic development platform. This chip template hosts 16 complete photonic transceiver modules, each implemented to enable up to 8 different modulators and photo-detectors to be tested with the same electronic back-end, to aid in process characterization and device development. Each front-end in this multi-cell macro consists of the modulator driver with serializer and thermal-tuning lock circuitry, a receiver with deserializer and thermal lock circuitry and a common digital back-end for data-generation, link performance monitoring and configuration. This development platform template yields 1000s of functional photonic components as well as 16M transistors per chip module. Figure 3 illustrates a full optical chip-to-chip link is demonstration. The transmitter operates at 6Gb/s with an energy cost of 100fJ/bit and the receiver at 7Gb/s with a sensitivity of 26μA (-14.5dBm) and 340fJ/bit energy consumption. A full 5Gb/s chip-to-chip link, with the on-chip calibration and self-test, is demonstrated over a 100m single mode optical fiber with 560fJ/bit of electrical and 4.2pJ/bit of optical energy.
Labeled Gold Nanoparticles Immobilized at Smooth Metallic Substrates:  Systematic Investigation of Surface Plasmon Resonance and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2006)

This paper experimentally and theoretically investigates the influence of an underlying metallic substrate (i.e., gold and silver) on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of labeled gold nanoparticles and the concomitant impact on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal from the labels. These experiments employ nanoparticles of varied sizes (30-100 nm) that are coated with a bifunctional Raman scatterer composed of (1) a disulfide for chemisorption to the nanoparticle surface, (2) a succinimidyl ester for formation of a covalent linkage to an amine-terminated self-assembled monolayer on the underlying substrate, and (3) an aryl nitro group with an intrinsically strong Raman active vibrational mode. This approach allows facile systematic assessments of how variations in nanoparticle size, substrate composition, and the gap between the nanoparticle and substrate affect the SPR of the bound particles. Both UV-vis transmission and reflection absorption (incident angle of 58 degrees ) spectroscopy are used to characterize the effect of each of these parameters on SPR. These results are then correlated with SERS enhancement factors (EFs) that were determined by accounting for particle surface concentrations, which were measured by atomic force microscopy, and the absolute number of labels, which were calculated on the basis of the surface area of each of the different-sized particles. All SERS spectra were collected at an incident angle of 58 degrees with respect to the surface normal. As expected, the SPR for particles in solution red-shifts with increasing particle size. More importantly, the SPR moves to even longer wavelengths as the size of immobilized particles increases and as the gap between the immobilized particle and substrate decreases. The red shift is also greater for a gold nanoparticle tethered to a gold substrate compared to a silver substrate. A theoretical model for the extinction of a particle above a flat substrate, corrected for surface scattering, radiation damping, and dynamic depolarization, is also briefly detailed. SPR results calculated with the model are consistent with the shifts observed in the SPR position for each of the manipulated experimental variables. The largest EFs are found for samples with an SPR maximum (lambda(max)) between the wavelengths for laser excitation (633 nm) and the Raman band for the symmetric nitro stretch of the particle coating (690 nm). As an example, an order of magnitude in the SERS enhancement factor is gained for a 60-nm particle immobilized 1.2 nm above a gold substrate (SPR lambda(max) = 657 nm) compared to that for a 30-nm particle (SPR lambda(max) = 596 nm).
Comparison between spectral analysis and the phenylephrine method for the assessment of baroreflex sensitivity in chronic heart failure (1999)

Baroreflex sensitivity assessed by means of the phenylephrine test plays a prognostic role in patients with previous myocardial infarction, but the need for drug injection limits the use of this technique. Recently, several non-invasive methods based on spectral analysis of systolic arterial pressure and heart period have been proposed, but their agreement with the phenylephrine test has not been investigated in patients with heart failure. The two methods (phenylephrine test and spectral analysis) were compared in a group of 49 patients with chronic congestive heart failure both at rest and during controlled breathing. The linear correlation and the limits of agreement between the phenylephrine test slope and the α-index [αc; corrected by the coherence function between the interbeat interval (RR interval) and systolic arterial pressure] were evaluated. Only 16 patients had a measurable α-index at rest in both the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands; the αc-index allowed measurements in all patients. It correlated moderately with the phenylephrine test slope at rest (r = 0.71 and P< 0.001 in LF; r = 0.57 and P< 0.001 in HF) and during controlled breathing (r = 0.51 and P< 0.001 in LF; r = 0.63 and P< 0.001 in HF). Multivariate regression analysis showed that only αcLF during rest and αcHF during controlled breathing contributed significantly to baroreflex gain estimation. However, the agreement between methods was weak; the normalized limits of agreement and bias were -162 to 243% (0.46 ms/mmHg) for αcLF and -185 to 151% (-0.99 ms/mmHg) for αcHF. Thus the comparison between baroreflex sensitivity measurements obtained by the phenylephrine test and spectral analysis showed a moderate correlation between the two methods; however, despite the linear association, a consistent lack of agreement between the two techniques was found. Because both systematic and random factors contribute to the difference, these two techniques cannot be considered as alternatives for the assessment of heart failure.
HRP-mediated polymerizations of acrylamide and sodium acrylate (2002)

Previously, we reported the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) mediated free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The reaction medium was restricted to water/water-miscible co-solvent mixtures that solubilize both the monomer and enzyme. This paper describes HRP-mediated acrylamide polymerizations in aqueous medium with and without the addition of surfactants. Also, studies were conducted on polymerizations in concentrated emulsions using sorbitane monooleate as the surfactant. In aqueous medium, within 3 h, 98% yields of poly(acrylamide) were attained. By adding either anionic bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) or cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the polymerization proceeded more rapidly so that within 60 and 75 min, respectively, 94% polymer yields were reached. When conducted in a concentrated emulsion formed with sodium monooleate, nearly quantitative yields resulted in 1.25 h. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the products ranged from 128 to 210 K and 106 to 154 K in aqueous medium and concentrated emulsions, respectively. In both of the above reaction systems, there was no apparent effect of the enzyme on the regulation of chain stereochemistry. The HRP-mediated polymerization of sodium acrylate conducted in aqueous medium gave poly(sodium acrylate) in yields up to 88% within 24 h with Mwca. 119 K.
Plasma proteins predict conversion to dementia from prodromal disease (2014)

We have identified 10 plasma proteins strongly associated with disease severity and disease progression. Such markers may be useful for patient selection for clinical trials and assessment of patients with predisease subjective memory complaints.
White Organic Electroluminescent Devices with Mixed Single Layer (1997)

The vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) pathway, in which Vps4 class I AAA-ATPases play a central role, regulates growth factor receptors, immune response, and developmental signaling, and participates in tumor suppression, apoptosis, and retrovirus budding. We present the first atomic structure of the nucleotide-free yeast His(6)DeltaNVps4p dimer and its AMPPNP (5'-adenylyl-beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate)-bound tetradecamer, derived from a cryo electron microscopy map. Vps4p dimers form two distinct heptameric rings and accommodate AAA cassettes in a head-to-head--not in a head-to-tail-fashion as in class II AAA-ATPases. Our model suggests a mechanism for disassembling ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) complexes by movements of substrate-binding domains located at the periphery of the tetradecamer during ATP hydrolysis in one ring, followed by translocation through the central pore and ATP hydrolysis in the second ring.
Peripheral blood stem cell transfusion for marrow replacement. (1992)

A patient is presented who was treated with ablative therapy for Hodgkin's disease and rescued by reinfusion of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). The PBSC were used because previous therapy (chemotherapy and radiation to the pelvis) had resulted in fatty hypocellular marrow which was inadequate for marrow transplantation. The PBSC were collected by leukapheresis before and after recovery of the marrow from suppression with cyclophosphamide to bring the stem cells into cohort cycle and to increase the proportion of stem cells in the peripheral blood for collection. The patient showed a successful recovery on a time scale somewhat longer cells administered, the absence of stimulation by granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor or other cytokine, or potential damage done to stromal elements during previous radiation and chemotherapy. The patient remains in clinical complete remission, fully engrafted, more than one year since his autologous transplant.
Effect of inserted Cu on current-perpendicular-to-plane-giant magnetoresistance of Fe50Co50 spin valves (2003)

We have reported that body-centered-cubic (bcc) Fe50Co50 with ultrathin Cu layers has large spin-dependent bulk scattering and enhances AΔR of spin valves. In order to clarify the role of Cu, two series of samples with (Fe50Co50 1 nm/Cu)×5 were prepared by two different sputtering machines. Machine A has a high rate, and machine B has a comparatively low rate. Both of AΔR in series A and B are increased by inserting thin Cu of about 0.1 nm, but they have a significant difference in Cu thickness dependence. While series A keeps high AΔR through the Cu thickness, AΔR in series B decreases when Cu is thickened. In order to find the reason for the difference, we took the extended x-ray absorption structure (EXAFS) spectra. By comparing AΔR and EXAFS, it was found that the very thin Cu of about 0.1 nm in Fe50Co50 takes a body-centered-cubic bcc structure, namely a solid solution state. Cu of 1 nm in spin valves with high AΔR takes a bcc and face-centered-cubic (fcc) evenly, and that with a low AΔR is a fcc structure. These results indicate that the existence of the solid solution Cu in Fe50Co50 is attributable to the enhancement of AΔR and are consistent with the report that Cu impurity in Fe and Co enhances the difference between the subband resistivity of up and down spins.
Simple rainbow-holographic technique for two-dimensional transparencies (1984)

An essentially one-step lensless method is proposed to make a rainbow hologram of a two-dimensional transparent object. The method consists of making a master hologram of a diffuse slit. When conjugate illumination is used, the reconstructed slit wave illuminates the transparency, and a second hologram is made by using the transmitted wave in either of two ways.
Multi-Agent Simulations for Assessing Massive Sensor Deployment (Briefing Charts) (2004)

Abstract : These briefing charts concern problem space, sensor coverage and sensor deployment.
Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type V: Deficiency of dolichyl- <i>P</i> -Glc:Man <sub>9</sub> GlcNAc <sub>2</sub> - <i>PP</i> -dolichyl glucosyltransferase (1998)

Deficiency of dolichyl-P-Glc:Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichyl glucosyltransferase is the cause of an additional type of carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome (CDGS type V). Clinically this type resembles the classical type Ia of CDGS caused by the deficiency of phosphomannomutase. As a result of the glucosyltransferase deficiency in CDGS type V nonglucosylated lipid-linked oligosaccharides accumulate. The defect is leaky and glucosylated oligosaccharides are found on nascent glycoproteins. The limited availability of glucosylated lipid-linked oligosaccharides explains the incomplete usage of N-glycosylation sites in glycoproteins. This finding is reflected in the presence of transferrin forms in serum that lack one or both of the two N-linked oligosaccharides and the reduction of mannose incorporation to about one-third of control in glycoproteins of fibroblasts.
A new ZVS LCL-resonant push-pull DC-DC converter topology (1998)

A new LCL resonant DC-DC converter topology is presented in which the resonant CL components are located after the output rectifier diodes. The push-pull converter topology is suitable for unregulated low-voltage to high-voltage power conversion, as in battery-powered systems, where input currents can exceed input voltages by an order of magnitude. The resonant circuit operates at twice the switching frequency, allowing for small resonant components. The MOSFET primary switches operate under zero-voltage switching (ZVS) conditions due to commutation of the transformer magnetizing current and the snubbing effect of the inherent drain-source capacitance. Output rectifier turn-off is effectively snubbed by the resonant capacitor. Laboratory tests show 93% efficiency at 12 V, 160 A input, 235 V, 1.8 kW output. Surge capability of up to 5 kW for 1 s has been tested. Circuit simulations and experimental results are presented and are shown to have excellent agreement with fundamental mode analysis.
Improved Fluorescent PCR-Based Assay for Sizing CGG Repeats at the FRAXA Locus (1999)

Fragile X syndrome is the most frequent heritable genetic disease involving mental retardation and is usually caused by an expanded CGG repeat in the first exon of the FMR1 gene. Therefore, searching for CGG expansion at the FRAXA locus among the mentally retarded has become a routine investigation in neuro-paediatric practice. Consequently, we have developed a fluorescent PCR-based assay for sizing repeats as an alternative to laborious and time-consuming Southern blot. The procedure utilises a reverse fluorescent labelled primer, and the Expand Long Template PCR system (Roche) with addition of dimethylsulfoxide and 7-deaza-dGTP It allows precise determination of the CGG repeat number in males and females for alleles from normal to premutation size range and detection of full mutations in males. We believe that this PCR protocol, allowing a high sample throughput, is useful for first-line screening among mentally retarded males, possibly complemented by Southern blot analysis to assess the methylation status of large mutated alleles.
Anchor-Based Fluorescent Amplicon Generation Assays (FLAG) for Real-Time Measurement of Human Cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr Virus, and Varicella-Zoster Virus Viral Loads (2008)

The a-FLAG assay is an alternative real-time PCR technology suitable for detecting and quantifying target-DNA sequences. For clinical applications such as the measurement of viral load, a-FLAG assays provide multiplex capability, internal amplification control, and high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
In vivo stimulation of platelet production in a primate model using IL-1 and IL-3. (1991)

The in vivo administration of various cytokines for hematopoietic stimulation has led primarily to the enhancement of the myeloid response with an insignificant contribution toward stimulating any increase in platelet production. Current studies have suggested that interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 3 (IL-3) are two of several factors that have an effect on either megakaryocyte formation or platelet production. The objective of our research was to investigate how the in vivo administration of IL-1 or IL-3 or a combination could be used to regulate megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production in nonhuman primates. A single dose of IL-1 was able to stimulate an increase in platelet production for 3 weeks. The response was shown to be biphasic, with increased platelet counts of 46% and 49% above baseline on days 8 and 17, respectively. In contrast, the administration of IL-3 for 6 days led to an increase of 29% above baseline on day 17. An interesting observation was that the increased platelet counts were accompanied by a transient increase in the peripheral blood of a highly proliferative megakaryocyte colony-forming cell (MK-CFC), which attained a maximum concentration on day 7. The administration of a sequential combination of IL-1, then IL-3, was further evaluated to elucidate a possible potentiation on platelet production. The result was a similar increase in platelets to that observed in IL-1-only-treated monkeys for the first 7 days. However, the most significant effect was observed on day 17, when the 85% increase in platelets was demonstrated to be additive of the single-agent effects on that day. A reversal in the order of cytokine administration did not affect platelet production in this manner. In IL-1, then IL-3-treated monkeys, the increased platelet counts were also accompanied by an increase in the concentration of the peripheral blood MK-CFC from days 7 through 14. These results demonstrate that a combination of factors may be required to enhance platelet production, stimulating not only the formation of megakaryocytes but also stimulating the production and release of platelets into the peripheral blood.
CD4 Counts as Predictors of Opportunistic Pneumonias in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection (1989)

Pneumocystis pneumonia, cytomegalovirus pneumonia, and pulmonary infection caused by C. neoformans or M. avium-intracellulare are unlikely to occur in HIV-infected patients who have had a CD4 count above 0.200 to 0.250 X 10(9) cells/L (200 to 250 cells/mm3) or a CD4 percent above 20% to 25% in the 60 days before pulmonary evaluation. Patients infected with HIV who have a CD4 count below 0.200 X 10(9) cells/L (or less than 20% CD4 cells) are especially likely to benefit from antipneumocystis prophylaxis.
A Study of the Interaction of Manganese Ions with ATP by <sup>31</sup>P Fourier‐Transform Nuclear‐Magnetic Resonance (1973)

The spin‐lattice relaxation rates of the phosphorous nucelei in ATP have been measured as a function of temperature in the presence of manganese perchlorate using pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance methods. Detailed interpretation of the results in terms of the dipolar interaction between the electron and nuclear spins leads to the conclusion that the α‐phosphorous atom is more distant from the manganese ion than the β‐ or γ‐phosphorous atoms, which are equidistant from the metal ion within experimental error. The rate constant for the manganese ion dissociating from the complex is found to be 150 ms −1 at 25°C.