gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In situ synthesis of silver/chemically reduced graphene nanocomposite and its use for low temperature conductive paste (2017)

In this work, we succeeded in the synthesis of Ag/chemically reduced graphene (Ag/G) nanocomposite by a facile in situ one-pot solvothermal route. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results revealed the formation of Ag and the reduction of graphite oxide to graphene during the one-pot process. Scanning electron microscopy observation indicated that spherical Ag particles with a size less than 100 nm are wrapped by graphene. The Ag/G nanocomposite was used in a low temperature conductive paste. Thermal analysis was conducted to determine the proper curing process of the Ag/G conductive paste. The Ag/G conductive paste that contains 0.6 wt% graphene exhibits low sheet resistance (22 mΩ/sq/25 µm) and good stability after cured at 150 °C for 30 min, which made us believe that the Ag/G nanocomposite is a promising candidate for conductive paste.
Symposium on phreatophytes phreatophytes and their relation to water in western United States (1952)

Phreatophytes, plants that depend on ground water for their water supply, cover about 15 million acres in the 17 western states, and may waste as much as 20 to 25 million ac ft of water into the atmosphere annually. There are many variable factors that affect the growth and use of water by the plants, but present‐day knowledge of them is limited. The water used by these plants probably represents the largest source of reclaimable water in the arid western United States. Although it appears feasible to salvage a part of this water, methods for doing so have not passed the experimental stage. In Nevada, it is estimated that it would be practical to salvage about 25 pct of the water wasted annually, or about 400,000 ac ft. This would be sufficient to irrigate about 133,000 acres of alfalfa having a crop value of $10,000,000.
Blacksheep (2012)

The lucrative rewards of security penetrations into large organizations have motivated the development and use of many sophisticated rootkit techniques to maintain an attacker's presence on a compromised system. Due to the evasive nature of such infections, detecting these rootkit infestations is a problem facing modern organizations. While many approaches to this problem have been proposed, various drawbacks that range from signature generation issues, to coverage, to performance, prevent these approaches from being ideal solutions.
The processing of fiber reinforced thermoplastics using co‐rotating twin screw extruders (1989)

Abstract For short fiber reinforced thermoplastics the effect of fiber length and the fiber/matrix bond on the ultimate properties of the material are well understood. But, how the process conditions under which the composite is made affect the fiber length and the fiber matrix bond has not been so thoroughly reported in the literature. A study of this relationship has been made on a co‐rotating twin screw extruder incorporating 30 percent by weight of glass fiber into nylon 66 to make the composite. Experimental results are presented to show how machine variables such as mixing configuration and screw speed affect the material properties and process efficiency. The properties of the composite were assessed by measurement of the fiber length distribution and tensile strength. From the results in the text it is possible to select machine variables to give desired production conditions. Although most of the work concerns the twin screw extruder, some of the consequences of subsequent injection molding are also shown.
Increased Tau Phosphorylation and Cleavage in Mouse Models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes (2009)

As the population of the United States ages, the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative and systemic diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes is increasing rapidly. Multiple studies report that patients with diabetes have a 50-75% increased risk of developing AD compared with age- and gender-matched patients without diabetes. Abnormally phosphorylated tau is a major building block of neurofibrillary tangles, a classic neuropathological characteristic of AD. In addition, proteolytic tau cleavage promotes AD progression due to cleaved tau serving as a nucleation center for the pathological assembly of tau filaments. The current study examines tau modification in type 1 (streptozotocin-injected) and type 2 (db/db) mouse models of diabetes. Tau phosphorylation is increased in the cortex and hippocampus of db/db mice compared with db+ control mouse brain. Interestingly, there is an age-dependent increase in tau cleavage that is not observed in age-matched control db+ animals. Streptozotocin injection also increased tau phosphorylation; however, the increase was less significant compared with the type 2 mouse model, and more importantly, no tau cleavage was detected. Our results suggest tau modification caused by insulin dysfunction and hyperglycemia may contribute to the increased incidence of AD in diabetes. We hypothesize that type 1 and type 2 diabetes may contribute to AD through different mechanisms; in type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia-mediated tau cleavage may be the key feature, whereas insulin deficiency may be the major contributing factor in type 1 diabetes.
Frame acquisition for continuous and discontinuous transmission in the forward link of satellite systems (2006)

Abstract This paper tackles the problem of frame acquisition for the forward link of satellite systems with continuous and discontinuous transmissions. Multi‐dwell and single‐dwell procedures with threshold crossing (TC) decision strategy are proposed and compared. To cope with the large frequency error, the detection is based on post‐detection integration (PDI), which is presented in two alternatives: non‐coherent and differential PDI. The main result of the paper is represented by the proposed analytical model that enables fine parameter optimization. The proposed approach being applicable to TDM/TDMA networks in general, the paper provides the designer with useful guidelines for the synchronization subsystem design. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal Cell Source for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering: Venous vs. Aortic Human Myofibroblasts (2001)

Arterial vascular cells have been successfully utilized for tissue engineering in human cardiovascular structures, such as heart valves. The present study evaluates saphenous vein-derived myofibroblasts as an alternative, easy-to-access cell source for human cardiovascular tissue engineering. Biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds were seeded with human vascular myofibroblasts. Group A consisted of scaffolds seeded with cells from ascending aortic tissue; in group B, saphenous vein-derived cells were used. Analysis included histology, electron microscopy, mechanical testing, and biochemical assays for cell proliferation (DNA) and extracellular matrix (collagen). DNA content was comparable in both groups. Collagen and stress at maximum load was significantly higher in group B. Morphology showed viable, layered cellular tissue in all samples, with collagen fibrils most pronounced in group B. In conclusion, saphenous vein myofibroblasts cultured on biodegradable scaffolds showed excellent in vitro tissue generation. Collagen formation and mechanical properties were superior to aortic tissue derived constructs. Therefore, the easy-to-access vein cells represent a promising alternative cell source for cardiovascular tissue engineering.
Functional expression of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> GDP‐4‐keto‐6‐deoxy‐<scp>d</scp>‐mannose reductase which synthesizes GDP‐rhamnose (2002)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that causes severe infections in a number of hosts from plants to mammals. A-band lipopolysaccharide of P. aeruginosa contains d-rhamnosylated O-antigen. The synthesis of GDP-D-rhamnose, the d-rhamnose donor in d-rhamnosylation, starts from GDP-D-mannose. It is first converted by the GDP-mannose-4,6-dehydratase (GMD) into GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose, and then reduced to GDP-D-rhamnose by GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase (RMD). Here, we describe the enzymatic characterization of P. aeruginosa RMD expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous success in functional expression of bacterial gmd genes in S. cerevisiae allowed us to convert GDP-D-mannose into GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose. Thus, coexpression of the Helicobacter pylori gmd and P. aeruginosa rmd genes resulted in conversion of the 4-keto-6-deoxy intermediate into GDP-deoxyhexose. This synthesized GDP-deoxyhexose was confirmed to be GDP-rhamnose by HPLC, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS, and finally NMR spectroscopy. The functional expression of P. aeruginosa RMD in S. cerevisiae will provide a tool for generating GDP-rhamnose for in vitro rhamnosylation of glycoprotein and glycopeptides.
A new approach allowing an early prognosis in breast cancer: the ratio of estrogen receptor (ER) ligand binding activity to the ER-specific mRNA level. (1989)

We have performed a quantitative analysis of steady-state levels of ER-mRNA for 88 untreated, primary breast carcinomas. We compared the amount of specific mRNA with the amount of ER receptor measured, through ligand binding activity, by calculating the ratio R = [ER-protein/ER-mRNA]. This analysis showed that the relative level of ER-mRNA displayed a large range of values partly related to the concentration of ER-protein. We found a greater percentage of tumors with a high R ratio value in the tumor population containing elevated levels of ER-protein. A statistical analysis performed on a homogeneous population of 63 patients shows no correlation between the R ratio, lymph-node involvement and histological grade. However, R appears to be significantly related to the risk of relapse within a relatively short period of time following the first observation. An R value higher than 1.5 appears to constitute a significant and early prognostic factor of recurrence (P = 0.003).
Thermal property changes of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel particles and block copolymers (2009)

Investigation of the thermo-reversible properties of different poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) samples, including microgels and block copolymers, with a combination of methods such as electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis and ultrasound resonator technology allows comprehensive characterisation of the phase transition. By the combination of methods, it was possible to show that the precipitated polymer phase contains at 40 °C between 40 and 50 vol.% of water. Besides free bulk water, there is also bound water that strongly adheres to the N-isopropyl acrylamide units (about 25 vol.%). Ultrasound resonator technology, which is a non-sizing characterisation method, revealed for the microgel particles two more temperatures (at about 35 and between 40 °C and 50 °C depending on the chemical nature) where characteristic changes in the ultrasound attenuation take place. Moreover, the experimental data suggest that the phase transition temperature is related to surface charge density of the precipitated particles.
Multi-functional integrated sensors for the environment (2012)

We present multi-functional integrated sensors for the environment (MFISEs) combining ten sensor functions on a single silicon die. The purpose of the MFISEs chip is to monitor important environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity and air speed, along with acceleration in three axes. Through a common fabrication process and integrated sensor design, the ten sensing functions required only five photolithography mask steps. To our knowledge, MFISEs demonstrates the highest degree of sensor fusion on a single die. Sensor integration is a key enabler of new applications in mobile electronics and wireless sensor networks, and the potential to use MFISEs for ten sensing functions provides significant cost, size, and power savings over ten individual devices.
Mechanisms of Amyloid Deposition in Alzheimer's Diseasea (1991)

At the cellular level, Alzheimer's disease (AD) must be the result of neuronal dysfunction and degeneration leading to a reduction in synaptic density. Filamentous deposits of amyloid, which define the disease at the molecular level, occur within perikarya, axons, dendrites, and terminals of neurons as neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), in the extracellular neuropil as amyloid plaques (APC), and around blood vessels as amyloid congophilic angiopathy (ACA). These fibrillar amyloid protein aggregates are also found in the brain of all individuals with Down's syndrome after the age of 30 years. The amyloid deposits apparently occur in the terminal zones of neurons that develop NFT. It is suggested that amyloid deposition is of fundamental significance in AD and that a thorough understanding of amyloid formation will eventually lead to successful therapeutic intervention in AD. As elucidation of the reasons behind amyloid deposition must shed some light on the pathogenesis of AD, we review the current state of knowledge on the nature of the AD amyloid protein, its origin, and its formation. Although there is yet no agreement about the chemical nature of the amyloid protein of NFT, the major constituent of both APC and ACA has been shown to be a 4.5-kD amyloid protein originally termed "beta-protein" or "amyloid A4" which we now denote as "beta A4." Amyloid beta A4 protein is proteolytically derived from a transmembrane protein termed amyloid precursor protein (APP) which is encoded by a widely expressed gene on chromosome 21. Our present results are consistent with the possibility that amyloid formation requires membrane damage or APP molecules that are not or are incorrectly integrated into membranes. To allow the generation of the C-terminus of beta A4, one proteolytic cleavage step has to occur in the sequence that normally forms the transmembrane domain of the APP proteins. This cleavage is crucial for amyloid formation because we could show that the ability of synthetic beta A4 to form amyloid depositions is mainly based on hydrophobic parts of the sequence that have to interact with each other and build up large aggregates under physiologic conditions. Membrane association of APP is expected to interfere with this cleavage and the process of aggregation.
IgG-protein A complexes modulate thymidine incorporation into DNA of antibody and complement-stimulated cells. (1984)

Incubation of protein A (PA) and molar excess of whole rabbit immune IgG in solution favored the formation of high m.w. complexes with the molecular formula of [(IgG)2(PA)]2, which enhanced the incorporation of [3H]thymidine ([3H]dThd) into DNA of L cells, especially in the presence of rabbit or human complement (C). In contrast, complexes with the molecular formula (IgG)(PA), formed by incubation of IgG with molar excess of PA, failed to enhance, or inhibited, the incorporation of [3H]dThd into cells treated with immune IgG alone or with C present, respectively. Concanavalin A (Con A), which is known to bind to critical exposed oligosaccharide structures present in the Fc region of IgG in the [(IgG)2(PA)]2 complexes, reversed the enhancement of [3H]dThd incorporation, and alpha-methyl mannoside, but not D-galactose, inhibited the Con A reversal. The [(IgG)2(PA)]2 complexes efficiently activated the C cascade, caused significantly higher levels of aggregation of cells, and increased the binding of immune IgG to the cells when compared to the (IgG)(PA) complexes. Both types of complexes, isolated by sucrose density ultracentrifugation, were precipitable in a radioimmunoassay with chicken anti-PA antibodies and were capable of binding to intact L cells.
Precoated Steel Sheet (1990)

Abstract Steel sheet is often coated in coil form prior to fabrication to save time, reduce production costs, and streamline operations. This article examines the most common precoating methods and provides a metallurgical understanding of how they impact the manufacturability, performance, and service life of the host material. The article covers metallic coatings, including zinc, aluminum, zinc-aluminum alloys, tin, and terne; pretreatment or phosphate coatings; and preprimed and painted finishes based on organic coatings.
Analysis of Glutamate, GABA, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Serotonin, and Metabolites Using Microbore UHPLC with Electrochemical Detection (2013)

The applicability of microbore ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with electrochemical detection for offline analysis of a number of well-known neurotransmitters in less than 10 μL microdialysis fractions is described. Two methods are presented for the analysis of monoamine or amino acid neurotransmitters, using the same UHPLC instrument. Speed of analysis of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and the metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindole aceticacid (5-HIAA), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was predominated by the retention behavior of NA, the nonideal behavior of matrix components, and the loss in signal of 5-HT. This method was optimized to meet the requirements for detection sensitivity and minimizing the size of collected fractions, which determines temporal resolution in microdialysis. The amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were analyzed after an automated derivatization procedure. Under optimized conditions, Glu was resolved from a number of early eluting system peaks, while the total runtime was decreased to 15 min by a 4-fold increase of the flow rate under UHPLC conditions. The detection limit for Glu and GABA was 10 nmol/L (15 fmol in 1.5 μL); the monoamine neurotransmitters had a detection limit between 32 and 83 pmol/L (0.16-0.42 fmol in 5 μL) in standard solutions. Using UHPLC, the analysis times varied from 15 min to less than 2 min depending on the complexity of the samples and the substances to be analyzed.
Inactivation of Bacterial Pathogens by Carbon Nanotubes in Suspensions (2009)

In the study, we explored the antimicrobial activities of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with different surface groups to bacterial pathogens, including Gram-negative vs Gram-positive species and rod-shaped vs round-shaped species. We report here for the first time that SWNTs' antimicrobial activity is buffer and concentration dependent, and the charge effect of functional groups on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is not a critical factor. SWNTs with surface groups of -OH and -COOH exhibited extremely strong antimicrobial activity to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells in DI water and 0.9% NaCl solution regardless of cell shape, but they did not exhibit antimicrobial activity in PBS buffer and brain heart infusion broth. The antimicrobial activities of these two SWNTs increased with their concentration and treatment time. In DI water or 0.9% NaCl solution, SWNTs-OH and SWNTs-COOH started to show their antimicrobial activity at approximately 50 microg/mL; when their concentration increased to 200-250 microg/mL, they could inactivate 10(7) cfu/mL Salmonella cells in 15 min. The approximately 7 log reduction in viable cell count achieved by this CNTs-based method exceeded those of many reported antimicrobial methods. SWNTs-NH2 only exhibited antimicrobial activity at higher concentrations. MWNTs with surface groups of -OH, -COOH, and -NH2 did not show any significant antimicrobial activity to all tested bacterial cells in any of the tested buffers at concentrations up to 500-875 microg/mL. Formation of cell-CNTs aggregates were studied using fluorescence and electron scanning microscopes. The possible mechanism of SWNTs' antimicrobial activities was also discussed.
Extracellular Polysaccharide of <i>Erwinia amylovora</i> : a Correlation with Virulence (1979)

The extracellular polysaccharides produced as slime or capsule layers by bacterial pathogens of animals and plants have been often implicated as factors essential to pathogenesis. In the present study, virulence of the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora was correlated with the ability to produce extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). EPS production by a series of field isolates and bacterio-phage-resistant mutants differing in the extent to which they cause symptoms in host tissues was examined by quantitation with a modified Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis assay. The amount of EPS produced as an easily removed capsular layer or slime on solid nutrient agar approximated the capacity to exhibit symptoms in host inoculation tests. Features common to the virulent isolates are mucoid colony morphology, sensitivity to EPS-specific bacteriophages [Sphi3 and PEal(h)], and ability to produce a characteristic EPS. Mutants selected for resistance to Sphi3 or nonmucoid colony morphology are deficient in EPS production and have lost the ability to multiply in host tissue and cause symptoms. We conclude that EPS may be directly involved in symptom expression and provide a function essential to the growth of the pathogen in host tissues.
Echocardiographic Evaluation Of Mechanical Dyssynchrony (2007)

The Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal provides timely updates on important topics in cardiovascular medicine with quarterly, thematic review-article issues. Each issue is curated by subject-matter-expert guest editors and includes invited reviews along with case reports, interesting multimodality images, and humanities submissions. Additional case reports, images, CME quizzes, and editorials are published on a continuous basis online. MDCVJ is geared towards cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, general practitioners, and CV residents and fellows and is indexed in PubMed and MEDLINE.MDCVJ is published by Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center as part of DeBakey CV Education, an epicenter for cardiovascular academic and clinical education programs located in the heart of the Texas Medical Center. Along with the Journal, DeBakey CV Education offers online and hands-on training for cardiovascular healthcare professionals at all stages in their careers. DeBakey CV Education’s vast YouTube library features hundreds of training videos and live webcasts, including Journal features. Subscribe to the YouTube channel today and sign up for newsletter updates about training opportunities.
Current advances in LANs, MANs, & ISDN (1989)

A selection of articles reprinted directly from journals that include (among others): ATT the common theme is integrated serv
High level prevention of traffic analysis (2002)

The paper gives a mathematical model for prevention of traffic analysis in network security and suggests an approach for prevention of unauthorized release of information concerning traffic patterns. The model assumes that an eavesdropper may read the contents of all links, including the source and destination, and that all countermeasures are performed at the transport layer. The goal of the countermeasures is to prevent the eavesdropper from gaining any useful information regarding the traffic patterns in a cost efficient and feasible manner. Countermeasures performed at the transport level include encryption a limited form of message rerouting delaying messages and sending dummy messages as needed within resource capacities. By formulating the problem in terms of systems of equalities and systems of inequalities linear programming methods may be used to find solutions to the traffic analysis security problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>