gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iodide capped PbS/CdS core-shell quantum dots for efficient long-wavelength near-infrared light-emitting diodes (2017)

PbS based quantum dots (QDs) have been studied in great detail for potential applications in electroluminescent devices operating at wavelengths important for telecommunications (1.3-1.6 μm). Despite the recent advances in field of quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED), further improvements in near-infrared (NIR) emitting device performance are still necessary for the widespread use and commercialization of NIR emitting QLED technology. Here, we report a high-performance 1.51-μm emitting QLED with inverted organic-inorganic hybrid device architecture and PbS/CdS core-shell structured quantum dots as emitter. The resultant QLEDs show a record device performance for the QLEDs in 1.5 μm emission window, with a maximum radiance of 6.04 Wsr<sup>-1</sup> m<sup>-2</sup> and peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.12%, respectively.
Laboratory and Pilot Scale Recovery of Protein from Mechanically Separated Chicken Residue (1986)

ABSTRACT Bone residue resulting from mechanical deboning of chicken backs and necks was subjected to alkali extraction followed by acid precipstation to recover food grade protein. A laboratory study of effects of varying die size in the grinding of the starting material, of extraction temperature, and of g‐force during centrifugation on composition of process fractions was conducted. Grinding increased ash content, higher temperature reduced fat content, and increasing centrifugal force decreased ash content, of the final products. Effects of grinding, extraction temperature, and centrifugal type were also studied on a pilot scale. Final protein product yield was higher at a 22°C than at a 3–7°C extraction temperature, and less fat was incorporated using a basket centrifuge than with a horizontal decanter centrifuge.
Landscape of somatic mutations and clonal evolution in mantle cell lymphoma (2013)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive tumor, but a subset of patients may follow an indolent clinical course. To understand the mechanisms underlying this biological heterogeneity, we performed whole-genome and/or whole-exome sequencing on 29 MCL cases and their respective matched normal DNA, as well as 6 MCL cell lines. Recurrently mutated genes were investigated by targeted sequencing in an independent cohort of 172 MCL patients. We identified 25 significantly mutated genes, including known drivers such as ataxia-telangectasia mutated (ATM), cyclin D1 (CCND1), and the tumor suppressor TP53; mutated genes encoding the anti-apoptotic protein BIRC3 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2); and the chromatin modifiers WHSC1, MLL2, and MEF2B. We also found NOTCH2 mutations as an alternative phenomenon to NOTCH1 mutations in aggressive tumors with a dismal prognosis. Analysis of two simultaneous or subsequent MCL samples by whole-genome/whole-exome (n = 8) or targeted (n = 19) sequencing revealed subclonal heterogeneity at diagnosis in samples from different topographic sites and modulation of the initial mutational profile at the progression of the disease. Some mutations were predominantly clonal or subclonal, indicating an early or late event in tumor evolution, respectively. Our study identifies molecular mechanisms contributing to MCL pathogenesis and offers potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
New complex-pole single-amplifier allpass filter with reduced active-element sensitivities (1976)

A new complex-pole allpass network is described which is based on the minimum-transmission properties of an RC parallel-T network. The proposed structure is compared with the canonic Deliyannis arrangement, and analytical and experimental evidence is presented which indicates an improved sensitivity to finite-amplifier-gain effects.
SYNTHESIS AND CATALYTIC APPLICATIONS OF IRON PINCER COMPLEXES (2011)

Transition metal complexes bearing pincer ligands have been extensively studied during the past decade. One of the less-explored or perhaps even neglected areas of pincer chemistry is on the reactivity of iron complexes that incorporate these enormously popular ligand sets. Meanwhile, recent emphasis on homogeneous catalysis has been placed on the developments of catalytic reactions promoted by inexpensive and environmentally benign metals, for which iron is particularly attractive. In that regard, investigating the reactivity patterns of well-defined iron pincer complexes can potentially provide valuable guidelines for the rational design of iron catalysis. This review analyzes the challenges and successes of synthesizing iron complexes with different pincer-type ligands, and discusses the established or potential utility of these complexes for catalytic reactions.
Dynamic fault monitoring and fault-based decision making in vehicle health management systems (2017)

Vehicle Health Management Systems (VHMS) are used throughout commercial, military, and aerospace platforms to assess the current operational status of individual assets and entire fleets. One of the most common functions within most VHMS implementations is the collection and reporting of fault conditions and trouble codes. The management of this fault data, particularly its representation to a user, has become more complex as built-in-test (BIT) and fault detection sophistication have continued to grow. Often times, multiple fault indications or diagnostic trouble codes may exist simultaneously as the result of the failure of a single line replaceable unit (LRU). This can result in operator confusion that is compounded by the appearance of nuisance faults, which may appear even though no failure is present. This paper describes a dynamic subscription-based method for simplifying the presentation of fault data as implemented on the Diagnostics And System Health (DASH) VHMS. The implementation described provides an efficient solution for dynamic fault monitoring and fault-based decision making, which can identify and mask nuisance and secondary fault conditions. By analyzing reported faults, LRU data, and platform events, DASH can automatically filter a fault list to display high priority and primary fault conditions, thus assisting maintenance personnel in quickly identifying the primary failure mode in an environment where multiple fault indications exist simultaneously. The DASH system further expands on this capability by automatically isolating certain failure modes to reduce their ambiguity groups to a single failed LRU. DASH can also reduce operator confusion by limiting the appearance of nuisance fault codes to situations in which the fault condition they represent has been confirmed. This results in more efficient diagnostic troubleshooting and more focused maintenance activity, thus reducing a system's mean time to repair (MTTR).
Secure nearest neighbor revisited (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the secure nearest neighbor (SNN) problem, in which a client issues an encrypted query point E(q) to a cloud service provider and asks for an encrypted data point in E(D) (the encrypted database) that is closest to the query point, without allowing the server to learn the plaintexts of the data or the query (and its result). We show that efficient attacks exist for existing SNN methods [21], [15], even though they were claimed to be secure in standard security models (such as indistinguishability under chosen plaintext or ciphertext attacks). We also establish a relationship between the SNN problem and the order-preserving encryption (OPE) problem from the cryptography field [6], [5], and we show that SNN is at least as hard as OPE. Since it is impossible to construct secure OPE schemes in standard security models [6], [5], our results imply that one cannot expect to find the exact (encrypted) nearest neighbor based on only E(q) and E(D). Given this hardness result, we design new SNN methods by asking the server, given only E(q) and E(D), to return a relevant (encrypted) partition E(G) from E(D) (i.e., G ⊆ D), such that that E(G) is guaranteed to contain the answer for the SNN query. Our methods provide customizable tradeoff between efficiency and communication cost, and they are as secure as the encryption scheme E used to encrypt the query and the database, where E can be any well-established encryption schemes.
An Overmoded W-Band Coupled-Cavity TWT (2015)

A 94-GHz overmoded traveling-wave tube (TWT) has been designed, fabricated, and successfully tested. The TWT operates in the rectangular TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> mode of the cavity, while lower order modes are suppressed using selectively placed strips of lossy dielectric. The 87-cavity TWT circuit was directly machined from Glidcop, a dispersion-hardened copper. The TWT was tested in a 0.25 T solenoidal magnetic field in 3-μs pulses. Operating at a voltage of 30.6 kV with 250 mA of collector current, the TWT was zero-drive stable and achieved 21 ± 2 dB linear device gain with 27-W peak output power. Taking into account 3 dB of loss in both the input and output coupling circuits, the gain of the TWT circuit itself is 27 ± 2 dB with 55 W of saturated circuit output power. Using the 3-D particle-in-cell code CST Particle Studio, the linear circuit gain was estimated to be 28 dB and the saturated output power 100 W, in good agreement with the experimental results. The measured bandwidth of 30 MHz was significantly smaller than the predicted value of 250 MHz. The overmoded TWT is a promising approach to high-power TWT operation at W-band and to the extension of the TWT to terahertz frequencies.
Expulsion of petroleum from type III kerogen source rocks in gaseous solution: modelling of solubility fractionation (1991)

Abstract The composition of n-alkane mixtures expelled from type III kerogen-bearing source rocks at moderate maturity levels shows strong signs of fractionation according to molecular chain length. This effect is attributed to the process of expulsion in gaseous solution. The degree of fractionation varies with the pressure and temperature conditions of primary migration. Fractionation effects for C 15+ -n-alkanes have been simulated with the help of equations developed from experimental data of Price et al. (1983) for gaseous solution of oil. For known compositions of expelled n-alkanes our simulation model allows the estimation of pressure and temperature conditions during primary migration. Expulsion of petroleum in gaseous solution is a particularly effective migration mechanism for overpressured type III kerogen-bearing source rocks. Two geological case histories are presented which demonstrate the compositional effects of petroleum expulsion in gaseous solution from such source beds. The observed n-alkane distributions expelled can be closely matched by simulated distributions, which were calculated for P-T conditions estimated from reconstructions of the burial histories of both case histories.
Pulse-Driven Semiconductor Gas Sensors Toward ppt Level Toluene Detection (2018)

Improvements in the responses of semiconductor gas sensors and reductions in their detection limits toward volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are required in order to facilitate the simple detection of diseases, such as cancer, through human-breath analysis. In this study, we introduce a heater-switching, pulse-driven, micro gas sensor composed of a microheater and a sensor electrode fabricated with Pd-SnO<sub>2</sub>-clustered nanoparticles as the sensing material. The sensor was repeatedly heated and allowed to cool by the application of voltage to the microheater; the VOC gases penetrate into the interior of the sensing layer during its unheated state. Consequently, the utility factor of the pulse-driven sensor was greater than that of a conventional, continuously heated sensor. As a result, the response of the sensor to toluene was enhanced; indeed, the sensor responded to toluene at levels of 1 ppb. In addition, according to the relationship between its response and concentration of toluene, the pulse-driven sensor in this report can detect toluene at concentrations of 200 ppt and even lower. Therefore, the combination of a pulse-driven microheater and a suitable material designed to detect toluene resulted in improved sensor response, and facilitated ppt-level toluene detection. This sensor may play a key role in the development of medical diagnoses based on human breath.
Antidepressants and Somatic Symptoms (2003)

Having expanded their original role as primary treatment for depression to preferred treatment for anxiety disorders, antidepressants are now emerging as potential therapeutic agents for many other disorders characterized by distressing or even painful somatic symptoms.
Premenstrual syndrome (1985)

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a very common disorder. It is diagnosed by excluding other disorders, including psychopathology, and with use of a menstrual diary. Although the cause of PMS remains unknown, treatment is usually effective. For the majority of patients, reassurance, dietary changes, and regular exercise are all that is necessary. If this is ineffective, vitamin B6 and, if indicated, vitamin E or zinc sulfate should be added to the regimen. If therapy still is not effective, a diuretic (preferably spironolactone [Aldactone]) or natural progesterone should be added. This may also be done during the three to six months required for dietary therapy to achieve maximum effectiveness. Diuretics are less expensive, easier to use, and easier to obtain than natural progesterone, which is not widely available. If oral contraceptives are desirable for the patient, progestin-dominant pills may be tried instead of a diuretic or natural progesterone. For those patients whose symptoms are resistant to all of the aforementioned therapy, bromocriptine (Parlodel) or danazol (Danocrine) can be added to the regimen; these drugs, however, should be prescribed only by practitioners experienced in their use.
Synthesis of some 2‐substituted‐thioxanthones (1999)

Abstract This paper presents the synthesis of 2‐amino‐, 2‐acetamido‐ and 2‐benzamidothioxanthones and their 10,10‐dioxides.
Selective Transmission of R5 HIV-1 over X4 HIV-1 at the Dendritic Cell–T Cell Infectious Synapse Is Determined by the T Cell Activation State (2009)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential antigen-presenting cells for the induction of T cell immunity against HIV. On the other hand, due to the susceptibility of DCs to HIV infection, virus replication is strongly enhanced in DC-T cell interaction via an immunological synapse formed during the antigen presentation process. When HIV-1 is isolated from individuals newly infected with the mixture of R5 and X4 variants, R5 is predominant, irrespective of the route of infection. Because the early massive HIV-1 replication occurs in activated T cells and such T-cell activation is induced by antigen presentation, we postulated that the selective expansion of R5 may largely occur at the level of DC-T cell interaction. Thus, the immunological synapse serves as an infectious synapse through which the virus can be disseminated in vivo. We used fluorescent recombinant X4 and R5 HIV-1 consisting of a common HIV-1 genome structure with distinct envelopes, which allowed us to discriminate the HIV-1 transmitted from DCs infected with the two virus mixtures to antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells by flow cytometry. We clearly show that the selective expansion of R5 over X4 HIV-1 did occur, which was determined at an early entry step by the activation status of the CD4(+) T cells receiving virus from DCs, but not by virus entry efficiency or productivity in DCs. Our results imply a promising strategy for the efficient control of HIV infection.
Measurement of lithographic overlay by light scattering ellipsometry (2002)

We demonstrate a measurement of lithographic overlay using light scattering ellipsometry. In the limit ofsmall amplitude surface topography, the polarization of light scattered by the two interfaces of a dielectricfilm can be decomposed into the roughness of each interface and the complex degree of phase correlation.For two identical but offset roughness functions, the degree of phase correlation will show oscillations, whosefrequency in the spatial frequency domain will be given by the overlay distance x. The method is tested us-ing a shallow pseudorandom binary 1-D grating, photolithographically produced on a silicon wafer and againon a spin-on glass layer deposited onto the wafer.Keywords : ellipsometry, films, lithography, overlay, roughness, scattering, topography1.
Gaining Appellate Review by "Manufacturing" A Final Judgment Through Voluntary Dismissal of Peripheral Claims (1997)

In recent decades, the paths from federal district courts to the federal circuit courts of appeals have narrowed considerably. Appeals through rule 54(b), section 1292(b), the collateral order doctrine, and other litigants and judges to test the limits of the most prevalent appellate path-appeal from a final judgment. This Article argues that the purposes of the final judgment rule, including judicial economy, are served, not hindered, by voluntary dismissals with prejudice of peripheral claims to render final an earlier ruling that decided the heart of the litigation.\nFirst, this Article profiles the district court cases in which peripheral claims dismissals typically occur. Then, the Article offers the contradictory appellate court responses to this dismissal practice.\nThe Article next contends that this controversial dismissal practice presents further evidence of ways in which the final judgment rule6 has been shaped by a caseload "crisis in volume" at both the trial and appellate levels. This volume has given rise to trial and appellate\ncourt case management techniques, designed to resolve cases before trial and to resolve appeals before briefing or oral argument. Trial courts have encouraged settlement by giving more autonomy to litigants to resolve their disputes and end the litigation, but some appellate courts find this trend goes too far when it includes concerted, deliberate efforts to create a final judgment. The growing reluctance of appellate courts to exercise their discretion in accepting rule 54(b), section 1292(b) and other discretionary appeals is analyzed as a case management mechanism.
MBE growth and characterization of multilayer structures for vertically emitting laser devices (2008)

This work concerns molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth and characterization of multilayer structures for vertically emitting laser devices. In particular, this thesis is focused on the fabrication of novel VCSEL (vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser) and VECSEL (vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser) multilayer structures grown on GaAs substrate. Several VCSEL structures for emitting wavelengths of 760, 850, and 980 nm were realized and the corresponding devices show high performance and have direct technological applications. As example, single-mode 760 nm VCSELs are successfully employed in oxygen sensing, or integrated VCSELs-photodetector systems allow bidirectional data transmission in full-duplex mode at 2.5 Gbit/s over 50 m graded-index multimode fiber. As far as regard VECSELs, samples for devices having emitting wavelengths of 850 nm and 980 nm were produced. High-performance 850 nm quantum-well-pumped VECSELs having a slope efficiency of 67 % were demonstrated. The calibration techniques of the MBE system are described and applied to the practical cases of the growth of complex laser structures. Therefore, an important part of this work is devoted to HRXRD (high-resolution x-ray diffraction) analysis of the grown samples. This is a powerful tool to characterize not only the strain configuration and the compositional profile of the layers, but also to indirectly monitor the molecular fluxes improving the reliability of the MBE system.
Use of Transrectal Ultrasound in Transperineal <sup>125</sup> Iodine Seeding for Prostate Cancer: Methodology (1989)

We report on our method of transperineal iodine 125 implantation in the treatment of localized prostate carcinoma. Our team used transrectal ultrasound and template guidance to treat 163 patients during a 3-year period from November 1985 through November 1988.
An Emerging Third Way - The Erosion of the Anglo-American Shareholder Value Construct (2005)

There is an active debate among corporate law professors about the extent to which European companies are converging on the Anglo-American shareholder-wealth-maximizing model of the corporation. In this model, the paramount obligation of corporate officers and directors is to maximize the near-term financial return to the company's shareholders. The American literature has paid far less attention to the opposite phenomenon: factors that are causing British and even American companies to converge on a European stakeholder model of the corporation. The European view authorizes - or even requires - management to take account of the interests of stakeholders, including such constituencies as employees, residents of communities in which the company operates, and advocates for more diffuse social and environmental interests. The enclosed Article analyzes recent developments in the United Kingdom and the United States that are promoting that convergence to varying degrees. In this Article, we describe and evaluate recent legal developments, particularly in the United Kingdom, that are not only causing greater attention to be paid to stakeholders' interests, but that cast doubt on the intellectual construct, Anglo-American corporate governance. We argue that on a number of corporate governance measures, Britain has embarked upon a unique course to encourage enlightened share value as the proper approach to corporate governance. This approach explicitly adopts a long-term shareholder orientation, and assumes that the long-term health of the company will depend in large part on its ability to manage social, ethical and environmental risks. Accordingly, the U.K. has recently moved to require the disclosure of such risks an annual basis. In addition, institutional investors in London are acting to bring social and environmental issues, such as climate change and global labor standards, into the ambit of mainstream concern in a way that is quite different from institutional investor behavior in the United States. These developments, construed together, suggest to us that a divergence is occurring between the United States and the United Kingdom, such that our understanding of the Anglo-American corporate governance model needs to be re-evaluated.
Banking Sector Development, Stock Market Development and Economic Growth Evidence From Saudi Arabia (2018)

This research paper investigates the linkage between financial development and economic growth in Saudi Arabia from 1985 to 2016 by employing Vector Auto Regression (VAR). The financial development encompasses the banking sector development and the stock market development. Johansen co-integration test demonstrates that there is no long run co-integration among the selected variables. Results of VAR reports that there are few significant values of coefficients among the purported variables. The Granger causality test states that the economic growth measured by real GDP per capita and BSD measured by the ratio of Broad Money to GDP (M2 to GDP) exhibit bi-directional linkage. The SMD measured by the ratio of the stock market capitalization to GDP causes the BSD. Pertinent authorities in the Kingdom should buttress considerable set of financial reforms in sync with the global stipulations in order to drive forward the economic growth.