gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Case Characterization, Clinical Features and Risk Factors in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (2016)

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by xenobiotics (drugs, herbals and dietary supplements) presents with a range of both phenotypes and severity, from acute hepatitis indistinguishable of viral hepatitis to autoimmune syndromes, steatosis or rare chronic vascular syndromes, and from asymptomatic liver test abnormalities to acute liver failure. DILI pathogenesis is complex, depending on the interaction of drug physicochemical properties and host factors. The awareness of risk factors for DILI is arising from the analysis of large databases of DILI cases included in Registries and Consortia networks around the world. These networks are also enabling in-depth phenotyping with the identification of predictors for severe outcome, including acute liver failure and mortality/liver transplantation. Genome wide association studies taking advantage of these large cohorts have identified several alleles from the major histocompatibility complex system indicating a fundamental role of the adaptive immune system in DILI pathogenesis. Correct case definition and characterization is crucial for appropriate phenotyping, which in turn will strengthen sample collection for genotypic and future biomarkers studies.
The effect of dibromo-dulcitol and dianhydro-dulcitol (galactitol) on RNA synthesis in ascites tumor cells. (1981)

The mechanism of action on RNA synthesis of anticancer dibromo-dulcitol (DBD, NSC-104800) and dianhydro-dulcitol (DAD, or elsewhere dianhydrogalactitol, DAG, NSC-132313) was investigated. Rats, bearing Yoshida or Novikoff hepatoma ascites tumor cells sensitive to these drugs were treated with doses equivalent to half the LD50 value. Nucleolar RNA (noRNA) and nuclear RNA (nRNA) were pulse labelled with 3H-uridine, isolated and fractionated on sucrose density gradient. After 18 h treatment with either drug and after 3 h with DAD noRNA synthesis increased and the rate of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor processing was enhanced. Investigation of low-molecular weight nRNAs (LMW nRNAs) (separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) showed increased synthesis and/or accumulation of RNA species (5S RNA, uridylic acid rich RNAs) related to rRNA synthesis. The tritium labelled drugs were bound to distinct fractions of nRNA, separated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, both in vivo and in vitro. This fact may be explained by the formation of intra-, or intermolecular crosslinking of pre-messenger RNA. The enhanced RNA synthesis might be interpreted as an alteration in the functions of nuclear proteins, involved in the regulation of gene transcription and processing of RNA precursors.
P-720 Analyzing Shading Characteristics of Venetian Blinds Using the RADIANCE Program (2005)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Abstract Venetian blinds are used with windows to improve the uniformity ratio of illuminance and interior daylighting distribution under direct sunlit conditions. The main objective of Venetian blinds shading system is to obstruct direct sunlight and at the same time allow daylight to penetrate into the room. Venetian blinds would have greater effect on the interior daylighting condition under clear sky which has both skylight and sunlight than overcast sky which has only skylight. However, due to the lack of data, design and evaluation tools, it is difficult for architects to choose or install venetian blinds during the building design stages. The purpose of this study was to develop an analysis method for shading and daylighting effects of Venetian blinds using the RADIANCE program. The major variables related to the venetian blinds included blinds's slat angle and the ratio of slat width to window height, the radius slat of curvature and the building azimuth. In this study, a series of parametric physical mock-up model measurements and genblinds command in the RADIANCE simulations. The results of this study will provide building designers with the design data at early design stages ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
<title>Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional microfluidic arrays</title> (1999)

3D microfluidic arrays, containing a network of channels and vias, have been fabricated in Pyrex, and silicon, using a range of techniques including chemical etching, deep reactive ion etching, laser micromachining and anodic bonding. Fluid is distributed along the layers of the structure through this series of lateral channels and passes from layer to layer through via holes. Vias on the order of 50 micrometers in diameter act as valves or `capillary breaks'; in which surface tension forces prevent the continued flow of fluid. An increase in the pressure head in the line causes the capillary break to yield, switching the valve, and allowing fluid to flow to the next layer. Circuit network models were applied to determine device parameters to balance pressure losses and allow uniform distribution to 12 branches from a single feed line more than 30 mm in length. These arrays have been employed in a 10 X 10 array of microchannels and microreactors to synthesize a library of 100 unique organic compounds in a 4-step solid phase synthesis protocol. All of the products generated had product purities < 70% (HPLC Area%).
A new finite-difference scheme for frequency-domain seismic modeling on nonuniform grids (2016)

In this paper we introduce a new finite-difference scheme for 2D frequency-domain acoustic wave modeling on irregular grids. It is developed from the average-derivative optimal nine-point scheme (ADM). The ADM scheme breaks the limitation on directional sampling intervals but can't be implemented on non-uniform grids. Our new scheme overcomes this restriction and is more generalized than the ADM scheme. It can be proved that the ADM scheme is a particular case of our new scheme. A simple two-layer model is tested for verifying the feasibility and efficiency of our new scheme. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 18, 2016 Start Time: 3:45:00 PM Location: 161 Presentation Type: ORAL
Salivary gland amylase polymorphism in pigs and cattle detected by affinity electrophoresis (1990)

New allelic variants of salivary gland alpha-amylase in pigs (AMY-1C, AMY-1D) have been detected using affinity electrophoresis. In yak, zebu and in hybrids (yak x cattle, zebu x cattle) a new AMY-1 allelic variant (AMY-1D) has been found using the same method.
The Best Place for Bare-Knuckled Ethics (2013)

In the documentary Boston Med, patients, their family members, and their careproviders agree to be filmed in real medical situations. Why would they do this? The possible answers to this question may help us to make sense of the paradoxical results of a recent study, in which patients with terminal illness ranked their careproviders highly for communication, even though the patients had failed to learn that they had a fatal illness. Based on this analysis, I offer careproviders a practical approach they can use to improve communication with patients, particularly to help patients to feel less alone. This same approach can also be applied in bioethics consultation.
A polycystin multiprotein complex constitutes a cholesterol-containing signalling microdomain in human kidney epithelia (2005)

Polycystins are plasma membrane proteins that are expressed in kidney epithelial cells and associated with the progression of ADPKD (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease). A polycystin multiprotein complex, including adherens junction proteins, is thought to play an important role in cell polarity and differentiation. Sucrose gradient analyses and immunoprecipitation studies of primary human kidney epithelial cells showed the polycystins and their associated proteins E-cadherin and beta-catenin distributed in a complex with the raft marker flotillin-2, but not caveolin-1, in high-density gradient fractions. The integrity of the polycystin multiprotein complex was sensitive to cholesterol depletion, as shown by cyclodextrin treatment of immunoprecipitated complexes. The overexpressed C-terminus of polycystin-1 retained the ability to associate with flotillin-2. Flotillin-2 was found to contain CRAC (cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid) cholesterol-binding domains and to promote plasma membrane cholesterol recruitment. Based on co-association of signalling molecules, such as Src kinases and phosphatases, we propose that the polycystin multiprotein complex is embedded in a cholesterol-containing signalling microdomain specified by flotillin-2, which is distinct from classical light-buoyant-density, detergent-resistant domains.
Synthesis and Redox Behavior of Flavin Mononucleotide-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

In this contribution, we describe the synthesis and covalent attachment of an analogue of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor onto carboxylic functionalities of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The synthesis of FMN derivative (12) was possible by coupling flavin H-phosphonate (9) with an aliphatic alcohol, using a previously unreported N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride coupling. We found that the flavin moiety of 12-SWNT shows a strong pi-pi interaction with the nanotube side-walls. This leads to a collapsed FMN configuration that quenches flavin photoluminescence (PL). The treatment of 12-SWNT with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) overcomes this strong nanotube/isoalloxazine interaction and restores the FMN into extended conformation that recovers its luminescence. In addition, redox cycling as well as extended sonication were proven capable to temporally restore PL as well. Cyclic voltammetry of FMN onto SWNT forests indicated profound differences for the extended and collapsed FMN configurations in relation to oxygenated nanotube functionalities that act as mediators. These findings provide a fundamental understanding for flavin-related SWNT nanostructures that could ultimately find a number of usages in nanotube-mediated biosensing devices.
A Facile Approach to Directed Assembly of Patterns of Nanoparticles Using Interference Lithography and Spin Coating (2004)

We present a facile approach to the directed assembly of silica nanoparticles (≲ 100-nm diameter) into periodic arrays on flat surfaces using interference lithography and spin coating. Periodic photoresist patterns, used as templates for the spin-coating process, were prepared using interference lithography. Silica nanoparticle dispersions were spin coated on these patterned surfaces, and the resist was removed, leaving periodic nanoparticle patterns on flat surfaces. Parallel arrays and continuous cross networks of particles were fabricated successfully with periods between hundreds of nanometers and several microns over areas of several square centimeters. The morphology (period, layer width and thickness, etc.) of the particle patterns can be controlled by varying the process conditions.
Expression of rotavirus VP2 produces empty corelike particles (1991)

The complete VP2 gene of bovine rotavirus strain RF has been inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector pVL941 under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Cotransfection of Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells with wild-type baculovirus DNA and transfer vector DNA led to the formation of recombinant baculoviruses which contain bovine rotavirus gene 2. Infection of S. frugiperda cells with this recombinant virus resulted in the production of a protein similar in size and antigenic properties to the authentic rotavirus VP2. The protein binds double-stranded RNA and DNA in an overlay protein blot assay. Expressed VP2 assembles in the cytoplasm of infected cells in corelike particles 45 nm in diameter. These corelike particles were purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation and found to be devoid of nucleic acid. Coexpression of VP2 and VP6 from heterologous rotavirus strains (bovine and simian) resulted in the formation of single-shelled particles. These results definitively show the existence of an innermost protein shell in rotavirus which is formed independently of other rotavirus proteins. These results have implications for schemes of rotavirus morphogenesis.
Optimal Electricity Procurement in Smart Grids With Autonomous Distributed Energy Resources (2015)

Proliferation of private distributed energy resources (DERs) necessitates devising effective energy management frameworks. This paper aims at establishing a decentralized model for the optimal dispatch of DERs in smart grids. The objective function is to minimize expected procurement cost of demand while profit of private DER owners is not sacrificed. Unit management modules (UMMs) embedded in private DERs and a central agent are autonomous agents of the model. The approach is iterative. In each iteration, the central agent announces to UMMs its procurement strategy, which contains purchased powers and their prices. Then, UMMs optimize and send back their output power and selling price proposals in the hope of achieving higher profits. The energy service provider (ESP) gathers the bids and modifies the procurement strategy whenever bids are in line with the cost minimization objective. The service provider releases the last procurement strategy in response to which UMMs synchronously update and send back their bids. The mutual interaction between UMMs and ESP is continued to the point in which no further modification in ESP's procurement strategy is experienced. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by its implementation in a system with a few DERs from different types.
A modified method for risk evaluation in failure modes and effects analysis of aircraft turbine rotor blades (2016)

Failure mode and effects analysis is an important methodology, which has been extensively used to evaluate the potential failures, errors, or risks in a system, design, or process. The traditional method utilizes the risk priority number ranking system. This method determines the risk priority number by multiplying failure factor values. Dempster–Shafer evidence theory has been combined with failure mode and effects analysis due to its effectiveness in dealing with uncertain and subjective information. However, since the risk evaluation of different experts may be different and some even conflict with each other, Dempster’s combination rule may become invalid. In this article, for better performance of application of evidence theory in failure mode and effects analysis, a modified method is proposed to reassign the basic believe assignment taking into consideration a reliability coefficient based on evidence distance. We illustrate several numerical examples and use the modified method to obtain the risk priority numbers for risk evaluation in failure modes of aircraft engine rotor blades. The results show that the proposed method is more reasonable and effective for real applications.
Characterization of Volatiles in Costa Rican Guava [<i>Psidium friedrichsthalianum </i>(Berg) Niedenzu] Fruit (2002)

Volatile compounds were isolated from Costa Rican guava fruit by simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction according to the Likens-Nickerson method. Compounds were identified by capillary GC-MS and sensorially characterized by sniffing-GC. One hundred and seventy-three components were identified in the aroma concentrate, from which (E)-beta-caryophyllene, alpha-terpineol, alpha-pinene, alpha-selinene, beta-selinene, delta-cadinene, 4,11-selinadiene, and alpha-copaene were found to be the major constituents. The amounts of aliphatic esters and terpenic compounds were thought to contribute to the unique flavor of this fruit.
Making Better Use of Bandwidth: Data Compression and Network Management Technologies (2005)

Operations in Afghanistan and Iraq demonstrated the Army's increasing reliance on communications. Tactical forces on the move and widely dispersed were stressed to communicate voice and data and were unable to exchange database transfers, real-time video, and imagery. These applications take a lot of bandwidth, an especially challenging problem for forces on the move that cannot use high-gain antennas. Furthermore, future demands seem likely to increase. Researchers from RAND Arroyo Center have been seeking ways in which the Army might use bandwidth better, specifically how new compression technologies might help improve information throughput. The objective of compression is to reduce the amount of data required to store or transmit digital information.
Development of a fingerprinting panel using medically relevant polymorphisms (2009)

The polymorphisms in this panel are currently represented on a number of common genotyping platforms making QA/QC flexible enough to accommodate a large number of studies. In addition, this panel can serve as a resource for investigators who are interested in the effects of disease in a population, particularly for common diseases.
Evidence of Focal Genetic Microheterogeneity in Glioblastoma Multiforme by Area-Specific CGH on Microdissected Tumor Cells (1999)

The term "multiforme" in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) indicates the highly variable histomorphology that cannot be addressed by studies on homogenized tissue probes. In order to relate genetic findings with histomorphologically distinct areas we used microdissection to procure defined cell populations from microscopic tissue sections under direct visualization. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 10 GBM were evaluated for intratumoral genetic heterogeneity by microdissection of multiple areas of 20-50 tumor cells and DOP-PCR of DNA isolated from the dissected cell groups, followed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Microdissected cells from histomorphologically normal extratumoral blood vessels from the same slides served as controls. The individual tumors showed variable combinations of primary chromosomal gains and losses common to all studied areas of a given case along with secondary, area-specific additional aberrations. CGH displayed a wider variety of chromosomal aberrations than metaphase cytogenetics of cell cultures from the same tumors. The most frequent aberrations observed were previously unperceived gains on chromosomes 4q (8/10) and 5q (5/10). Other nonrandom aberrations were gains on 12q (6/10), 13q (6/10), and 7 (5/10), and losses of 22 (5/10). Amplifications on 7p were intratumorally heterogeneous and only found in single areas of 2 tumors. In contrast to normal extratumoral vessels, vascular proliferates in most cases demonstrated chromosomal aberrations (CGH) which were partially different from the aberrations observed in the tumor itself. The described method gives evidence of considerable intratumoral genetic heterogeneity in GBM and provides a sensitive tool for the detection of quantitative chromosomal changes that are present only regionally within a given tumor.
Early<i>in vivo</i>detection of metabolic response: a pilot study of<sup>1</sup>H MR spectroscopy in extracranial lymphoma and germ cell tumours (2002)

Monitoring therapeutic efficacy is essential in oncological practice. We have investigated the feasibility of using proton (1)H MR spectroscopy (MRS), localized to malignant lymphoma and germ cell lesions outside the cranial cavity, to monitor tumour metabolism in vivo during chemotherapy treatment. (1)H single voxel MRS, (stimulated echo acquisition mode, repetition time/echo time=2000/20 ms) was performed prior to treatment in patients with lymphoma or germ cell tumours, and during the first cycle of chemotherapy. Patient response was assessed by independent clinical follow-up at a median of 57 days (range 44-93 days) post-treatment. All 12 non-cystic lesions scanned showed a signal assigned to choline-containing metabolites (tCho); 9 were scanned both pre- and post-treatment. Changes in the tCho:water ratio following treatment were found to predict subsequent patient response. In seven of these nine patients, the tCho:water ratio decreased in the first post-treatment scan, and all subsequently achieved a partial response to treatment. In the remaining two patients, both of whom progressed on treatment, the tCho:water ratio did not change significantly. Normalized to pre-treatment values, the non-responder group values (1.07 and 0.97) were clearly distinct from the responder group, whose values ranged from 0.43 to below detection level. To our knowledge, this is the first report of (1)H MR spectra from these tumour types and sites. These preliminary results indicate that metabolite signals can be detected using (1)H MRS in these tumour types and locations, as has already been established in the brain, breast and prostate. Moreover, the differential changes observed in the tCho region of the spectrum suggest that (1)H MRS could provide an early and sensitive indicator of metabolic response to chemotherapy.
VLSI accelerators for large database systems (1991)

An experimental VLSI accelerator research prototype designed and fabricated for relational data filtering is described. It performs high-speed associative search and aggregation operations for formatted databases. For unformatted databases, an experimental fast string search VLSI accelerator that provides a few orders-of-magnitude improvement in text search speed has been developed. The VLSI accelerators have precise instruction sets and hardware interfaces that facilitate their integration into general-purpose computer systems and dedicated systems. Application of the accelerators to both general-purpose and dedicated computer systems is discussed. Related work is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transurethral resection in one piece (TURBO) is an accurate tool for pathological staging of bladder tumor (2010)

An accurate pathological stage can be assigned to the TURBO specimen in most bladder cancer patients.
Mechanosensory Inputs Influence <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Pharyngeal Activity via Ivermectin Sensitivity Genes (2003)

Mechanical stimulation induces opposite behavioral responses in the adult and dauer pharynx. Tail tap of adults inhibits pharyngeal pumping via a pathway involving the innexin gene unc-7 and components of the glutamatergic pathway encoded by the genes avr-14 and avr-15. Tail tap of dauers stimulates pumping through a mechanism involving G alpha o and G alpha q. The nematocidal drug ivermectin is believed to kill worms by opening a glutamate-gated chloride channel (AVR-15) on pharyngeal muscle, causing complete pumping inhibition. However, ivermectin can also inhibit pumping in the absence of this channel. We propose that one of the ways ivermectin could prevent pumping, in the absence of the AVR-15 ivermectin-binding channel on pharynx muscle, is to target AVR-14 and AVR-15, which are expressed in the inhibitory pathway linking mechanosensation and pumping activity.
Image processing in a tree of peano coded images (2002)

The authors investigate some attractive features of the 1-D sequence of pixels produced by the peano traversal of an image. They introduce two new hardware operations called bit-spreaded-meshing and its inverse brit-collation to produce and invert the sequence in real-time. A compact binary tree built using this sequence at its base implicitly contains the well known quadtree of the image also. The binary tree representation supports efficient design and implementation of divide and conquer algorithms. Its construction is readily extendable to higher dimensional images. They present a global optimization algorithm for image segmentation whose design is based on the binary tree. It produces a minimal cutset of homogeneous nodes in the tree using a dynamic programming technique. The experimental results assert the merit of the binary tree based implementation compared to its counterpart the quadtree.