gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aqueous dispersions of water-soluble and water-insoluble cellulosic polymers as vehicles for topical drug delivery (1988)

Topical application of therapeutic agents is an important route of drug administration for both local and systemic treatment of diseases. In this study aqueous dispersions of water-soluble and water-insoluble cellulosic polymers, which form films on drying, have been developed to deliver therapeutic agents to the skin. Flexible and transparent films of ethylcellulose and either methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, or hydroxypropylcellulose could be cast from the aqueous dispersions. The ability of the mixed cellulosic polymer films to deliver selected therapeutic agents has been studied. The release of active ingredients from free films cast from the aqueous dispersions was evaluated using Franz diffusion cells and the finite dose technique. Release of drug from free films was studied as a function of the type and concentration of water-soluble polymer used and the water-soluble character of the active ingredient. Physical characterization of the film systems was performed and examined in relation to release of the active ingredient. Animal models specific for the active agent employed were used to evaluate the delivery of the therapeutic agents from the film systems following topical application in vitro and in vivo. The rate and extent of drug release from mixed cellulosic films were shown to be dependent on the amount and/or type of water-soluble polymer component of the films and the water solubility of the active ingredient. The physical characteristics of the films were also affected by the type and concentration of the water-soluble polymer employed. The penetration of p-aminobenzoic acid through hairless mouse skin from free film application was dependent on the type of water-soluble polymer contained in the film. Topical efficacy for a common antifungal agent from a mixed cellulosic polymer delivery system vs. a commercially available product was demonstrated using a guinea pig model.
Bioengineering Dermo-Epidermal Skin Grafts with Blood and Lymphatic Capillaries (2014)

The first bioengineered, autologous, dermo-epidermal skin grafts are presently undergoing clinical trials; hence, it is reasonable to envisage the next clinical step at the forefront of plastic and burn surgery, which is the generation of autologous skin grafts that contain vascular plexuses, preformed in vitro. As the importance of the blood, and particularly the lymphatic vascular system, is increasingly recognized, it is attractive to engineer both human blood and lymphatic vessels in one tissue or organ graft. We show here that functional lymphatic capillaries can be generated using three-dimensional hydrogels. Like normal lymphatics, these capillaries branch, form lumen, and take up fluid in vitro and in vivo after transplantation onto immunocompromised rodents. Formation of lymphatic capillaries could be modulated by both lymphangiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic stimuli, demonstrating the potential usefulness of this system for in vitro testing. Blood and lymphatic endothelial cells never intermixed during vessel development, nor did blood and lymphatic capillaries anastomose under the described circumstances. After transplantation of the engineered grafts, the human lymphatic capillaries anastomosed to the nude rat's lymphatic plexus and supported fluid drainage. Successful preclinical results suggest that these skin grafts could be applied on patients suffering from severe skin defects.
Reaction chemistry of the iron-sulfur protein site analogs [Fe4S4(SR)4]2-. Sequential thiolate ligand substitution reactions with electrophiles (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction chemistry of the iron-sulfur protein site analogs [Fe4S4(SR)4]2-. Sequential thiolate ligand substitution reactions with electrophilesRichard W. Johnson and R. H. HolmCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 17, 5338–5344Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00485a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00485a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new velocity measurement method using linear type Hall-effect sensor for an electro-mechanical fin actuator (2007)

The objective of this paper is to propose a new velocity measurement method for an electro-mechanical fin actuator. The model of the electro-mechanical fin actuator includes uncertainties such as unknown disturbances and parameter variations in flight condition. In this paper, Model Following Sliding Mode Controller(MFSMC) is used as a position controller of the electro-mechanical fin actuator, due to the robustness against these uncertainties. MFSMC requires not only position information but also velocity information. Usually, analog tachometers have been used for velocity feedback in an electro-mechanical fin actuator. However, using these types of sensors have problems such as the cost, space, and malfunction. These problems lead to propose a new velocity measurement method using linear type Hall-effect sensor. In order to verify the proposed method, several experiments are performed with a fin actuator. It is shown that the MFSMC with a new velocity measurement method using linear type Hall-effect sensor can satisfy the requirements without using of velocity sensor.
Novel method of synthesis of oligo(deoxyribonucleoside phosphorothioates). (1991)

The syntheses of 5'-O-DMT base-protected nucleoside 3'-O-[2-thio-1.3.2-oxathia-phospholanes] (1) and their subsequent reactions with nucleosides bound via 3'-oxygen to solid support, performed in the presence of DBU, formulate the basis to new methodology of preparation of title compounds--OligoS. Moreover separation of 1 into diastereoisomeric species allows the preparation of OligoS in stereocontrolled manner.
Low energy gain from formate oxidation during bacterial growth on 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1996)

Abstract Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134 was chemostatically grown on 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) at a dilution rate of 0.06 h −1 ; formate was fed as an auxiliary energy source. The simultaneous utilization of both components resulted in an increase in growth yield. As an example, this figure increased from 0.18 g dry mass/g 2,4‐D to 0.25 g dry mass/g 2,4‐D during growth on 1 g/l 2,4‐D plus 3 g/l sodium formate. The increase was correlated to energy generated from formate oxidation. Accordingly, a P/O‐quotient of 1 was derived for the energy transduction of NADH obtained from formate oxidation as it was for the overall efficiency during growth on 2,4‐D itself. This low energy yield was attributed to uncoupling exerted by 2,4‐D. The theoretical maximum yield coefficient of 0.69 g/g could not be reached due to the limiting activity of formate dehydrogenase in the conversion of the required quantities of formate.
A low-power highly-digitized receiver for 2.4-GHz-band GFSK applications (2004)

This paper describes the design and measurement results of a low-power highly-digitized receiver for GFSK-modulated input signals at 2.4 GHz. The RF front-end is based on a low-IF architecture and does not require any variable-gain or filtering blocks. The full dynamic range of the low-IF signal is converted into the digital domain by a low-power high-resolution time-continuous /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ ADC. This leads to a linear receive chain without limiters. The digital block performs channel filtering and demodulation. The high degree of digitization leads to design flexibility with respect to changing standards and scalability in future CMOS generations. The receiver has been realized in a standard 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process and measures 3.5 mm/sup 2/. The only external components are an antenna filter and a crystal. The power consumption is only 32 mW, which is at least a factor of two lower than state-of-the-art CMOS receivers.
Amebacidal Chromanones (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmebacidal ChromanonesPaul F. WileyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 9, 4205–4209Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01153a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01153a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oriceps: Origami-Inspired Forceps (2013)

This paper presents the conceptualization and modeling of a compliant forceps design, which we have called Oriceps, as an example of origami-inspired design that has application in a variety of settings including robotic surgeries. Current robotic forceps often use traditional mechanisms with parts that are difficult to clean, wear quickly, and are challenging to fabricate due to their complexity and small size. The Oriceps design is based on the spherical kinematic configurations of several action origami models, and can be fabricated by cutting and folding flat material. This design concept has potential implementation as surgical forceps because it would require fewer parts, be easier to sterilize, and be potentially suitable for both macro and micro scales. The folded and planar characteristics of this design could be amenable to application of smart materials resulting in smaller scale, greater tool flexibility, integrated actuation, and an adaptability to a variety of tool functions. The suitability of shape-memory materials for use in Oriceps is discussed.
Use of myoelectric signals to recognize speech (2003)

It has been determined that the myoelectric signals (MES) from muscles associated with speech that are obtained using surface electrodes can be used to recognize speech at approximately five times a priori. The results of ten experiments have been evaluated using a maximum-likelihood recognition scheme and have consistently yielded similar recognition accuracy among several subjects. Individual word recognition from a ten-word set has approached 60%. Parameters studied have included energy, magnitude, and trial deviation. The results suggest that accuracies at a level suitable for use in a vocal prosthesis will require the development of a hybrid recognition algorithm utilizing either statistical and heuristic word separation or neural nets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional behavior of AlF<sub>3</sub> coatings for high-performance cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (2019)

In response to the ever worsening of the environment by consumption of fossil fuels, energy storage systems like lithium-ion batteries that offer high energy efficiency have evoked a great interest as power sources from portable electronics to electric vehicles. However, the improvement of calendar and cycling life together with safety issues require sophisticated technology to prevent degradation mechanisms. The surface modification of the electrode materials is part of the solution. In this paper, the surface coverage of cathode materials by aluminum fluoride is reviewed. The effect of AlF<sub>3</sub> coating on electrochemical performance is examined at various deposit amounts with a comparison of the capacity retention and cycling stability of the different systems proposed in the literature.
Detection of soluble Fas mRNA using in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. (1998)

Fas protein (Fas) is known to induce cell death by apoptosis in susceptible cells. Alternative splicing of the Fas gene produces soluble Fas protein (sFas), which is considered to block the function of Fas. The serum level of sFas is elevated in patients with various malignancies in a manner reflective of disease stage and tumor burden, but the precise cellular origin of sFas in vivo has not yet been clarified. To identify the cells that synthesize sFas mRNA on histologic specimens, we applied in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (in situ RT-PCR) in 11 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma/metastatic lymph node. Furthermore, we studied the distribution of Fas using immunohistochemistry and Fas mRNA using in situ RT-PCR. In all primary tumors and 10 of 11 metastatic tumors, tumor cells expressed both Fas- and sFas mRNA. Lymphocytes infiltrated in the tumor tissues and the lymph nodes also revealed both mRNA signals. A clear correlation between the tissue distribution for Fas and its mRNA was also observed. These observations demonstrated that solid tumors in vivo can synthesize sFas mRNA and suggest that tumor cells are responsible in part for elevated sFas in human malignancies. However, the additional expression of sFas mRNA in tissue lymphocytes indicates the complex regulatory mechanisms of Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway in tumor pathogenesis and host defense. We also demonstrated that in situ RT-PCR can be a suitable method for in situ detection of alternatively spliced mRNA.
Critical Role for Cholesterol in Lyn-mediated Tyrosine Phosphorylation of FcεRI and Their Association with Detergent-resistant Membranes (1999)

Tyrosine phosphorylation of the high affinity immunoglobulin (Ig)E receptor (FcepsilonRI) by the Src family kinase Lyn is the first known biochemical step that occurs during activation of mast cells and basophils after cross-linking of FcepsilonRI by antigen. The hypothesis that specialized regions in the plasma membrane, enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol, facilitate the coupling of Lyn and FcepsilonRI was tested by investigating functional and structural effects of cholesterol depletion on Lyn/FcepsilonRI interactions. We find that cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin substantially reduces stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of FcepsilonRI and other proteins while enhancing more downstream events that lead to stimulated exocytosis. In parallel to its inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation, cholesterol depletion disrupts the interactions of aggregated FcepsilonRI and Lyn on intact cells and also disrupts those interactions with detergent-resistant membranes that are isolated by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of lysed cells. Importantly, cholesterol repletion restores receptor phosphorylation together with the structural interactions. These results provide strong evidence that membrane structure, maintained by cholesterol, plays a critical role in the initiation of FcepsilonRI signaling.
Malaysian vehicle license plate recognition (2007)

Abstract: Vehicle license plate recognition is an image-processing technology used to identify vehicles by their license plates. This technology can be used in various security and traffic applications, such as finding stolen cars, controlling access to car parks and gathering traffic flow statistics. In this paper an approach to license plate localization and recognition is presented. A proposed method to perform recognition of license plates under any environmental conditions, with no assumptions about the orientation of the plate or its distance from the camera is designed. To solve the problem of localization of a license plate, a simple texture-based approach based on edge information is used. Segmentation of characters is performed by using connected components analysis on license plate’s image, and a simple multi-layer Perceptron neural network is used to recognize them. Simulation results were shown to be an efficient method for real time plate recognition. Keywords: LPR, license plate, license plate recognition, OCR.
Metabolic Implications of Dietary <i>Trans</i>‐fatty Acids (2009)

Dietary trans-fatty acids are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and have been implicated in the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is established that high-fat saturated diets, relative to low-fat diets, induce adiposity and whole-body insulin resistance. Here, we test the hypothesis that markers of an obese, prediabetic state (fatty liver, visceral fat accumulation, insulin resistance) are also worsened with provision of a low-fat diet containing elaidic acid (18:1t), the predominant trans-fatty acid isomer found in the human food supply. Male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 10% trans-fatty acid enriched (LF-trans) diet for 8 weeks. At baseline, 3 and 6 weeks, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MR) assessed intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps (week 8) determined whole-body and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity followed by high-resolution ex vivo 1H-NMR to assess tissue biochemistry. Rats fed the LF-trans diet were in positive energy balance, largely explained by increased energy intake, and showed significantly increased visceral fat and liver lipid accumulation relative to the low-fat control diet. Net glycogen synthesis was also increased in the LF-trans group. A reduction in glucose disposal, independent of IMCL accumulation was observed in rats fed the LF-trans diet, whereas in rats fed a 45% saturated fat (HF-sat) diet, impaired glucose disposal corresponded to increased IMCLTA. Neither diet induced an increase in IMCLsoleus. These findings imply that trans-fatty acids may alter nutrient handling in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle and that the mechanism by which trans-fatty acids induce insulin resistance differs from diets enriched with saturated fats.
Relationship Between Atmospheric Temperature and Survival of Airborne Bacteria (1970)

Effects of temperatures ranging from -40 to 49 C on the behavior of airborne Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis var. niger were investigated. Aerosol decay rates of B. subtilis spores were not significantly affected by the temperature and remained approximately constant within the temperature range studied. The survival of airborne S. marcescens and E. coli was closely related to the temperature. An increase in temperature from -18 to 49 C resulted in a progressive increase of the biological death rate, and the relationship between the biological death rate and the temperature appeared to be linear. An increase in temperature from 24 to 49 C resulted in significantly reduced aerosol recoveries of the two vegetative organisms. At -40 C, the aerosol recovery of all three agents was consistently lower than at -18 to 24 C.
Novel analgesics and molecular rearrangements in the morphine–thebaine group. Part XIX. Further Diels–Alder adducts of thebaine (1971)

J. W. Lewis, M. J. Readhead, I. A. Selby, A. C. B. Smith and C. A. Young, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1971, 1158 DOI: 10.1039/J39710001158
Volume Measurement Using a Laser Scanner (2005)

This article discusses ways of measuring accuracy of a laser range finder (LRF) using a specially designed calibration cube (with 3D calibration marks) in the context of a particular application (i.e., measuring volumes). We also compare (by means of experiments) two alternative volume estimation methods.
A General and Straightforward Route toward Diarylmethanes. Integrated Cross-Coupling Reactions Using (2-Pyridyl)silylmethylstannane as an Air-Stable, Storable, and Versatile Coupling Platform (2002)

[reaction: see text] Pharmacologically important diarylmethane structures have been prepared in a straightforward manner through sequentially integrated Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. (2-Pyridyl)silylmethylstannane was found to be an air-stable, storable, and versatile coupling platform in this synthetic strategy.
[Finasteride: a new drug for the treatment of male hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia?]. (1996)

Finasteride is a drug which inhibits the transformation of testosterone into its active metabolite, dihydrotestosterone, in the target organs, i.e. the skin, the scalp, the liver and the prostate. In the pathogenic mechanism of hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia, and important role is presumably played by alterations of the mechanisms which transform testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. In some conditions an increase in dihydrotestosterone has been demonstrated, due to increased activity of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase. The effect of finasteride develops above all at the level of type II 5 alpha-reductase. Recent studies have evaluated the effect of finasteride in patients of both sexes with hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia. In women with various forms of hyperandrogenism, the use of the drug at the doses commonly used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia seems to have induced a significant reduction in the degree of hirsutism. Furthermore, both in animals and men with alopecia, the drug seems to have led to an increase in the number and an improvement in the shape of the follicles in the anagen phase, and a simultaneous decrease of dehydrotestosterone at the level of the scalp. This study represents a review of the main results obtained over the last two years and reports the prospects which the use of finasteride may have in this context.
An analysis of the effect of basilar membrane nonlinearities on noise suppression (1998)

Computational models of the peripheral auditory system have largely modeled basilar membrane (BM) mechanics as a linear filter-bank-like entity. Recent mathematical work on the nature of auditory system noise suppression allows us to analyze and argue for the incorporation of BM nonlinearities into these models. This analysis shows that vowel perception improves with increasing presence of BM nonlinearities whereas consonant perception degrades with increasing influence of BM nonlinearities. Experimental results on tones and real speech corrupted by noise corroborate the analysis as well as suggest a novel approach to speech processing.