gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced time-multiplexed plasma etching of high aspect ratio silicon structures (2002)

An advanced, time-multiplexed plasma etch process for high aspect ratio structures is presented. Compared to the two pulse Bosch process, the technique consists of a sequence of three pulses. The third pulse is tailored to improved depassivation of the trench bottom prior to each etch pulse. Several depassivation chemistries are explored: O2, CO2, and SO2. In a further extension the bias voltage is also pulsed, with the aim to balance the radical and ion-enhanced components in the passivation of the sidewalls and trench bottom. The process extensions lead to improved mask selectivity and substantial range for profile control from fully anisotropic to strongly negatively tapered. The maximum aspect ratio obtained in the Bosch process could not be improved, because the ion angular distribution probably remains the limiting factor. The role of the ions in passivation and etching has been quantified in separate experiments.
Three-axis magnetic attitude control algorithms for small satellites in the presence of noise (2012)

This paper studies the three-axis attitude stabilization problem for a nadir-pointing spacecraft using only magnetic torquers as actuators. Since magnetic control systems are relatively lightweight, require low power and are inexpensive, they are attractive for small, inexpensive satellites in low Earth orbits. In this paper we present three-axis attitude control algorithms for small satellites using only magnetic torquers in the presence of noise and investigate their performance through simulations. These algorithms combine ideas from averaging and linear quadratic regulation as well as sliding mode design. Computer simulations are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control laws.
The Equilibria of Nickel Hydroxide, Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>, in Solutions of Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide at 25° (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Equilibria of Nickel Hydroxide, Ni(OH)2, in Solutions of Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide at 25°Karl H. Gayer and A. B. GarrettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 9, 2973–2975Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01177a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01177a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1889Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2β (1995)

AP-2 has been characterized previously as a unique 52 x 10(3) M(r) transcription activator encoded by a single gene that is expressed in a restricted pattern during embryonic morphogenesis of the peripheral nervous system, face, skin and nephric tissues. Here we report the isolation of genomic and cDNA clones encoding for a second AP-2 related transcription factor, designated AP-2 beta. AP-2 beta binds specifically to a series of well-characterized AP-2 binding sites, consensus to the sequence G/CCCN3GGC, and transactivates transcription from a reporter plasmid under the control of an AP-2-dependent promoter. A C-terminal domain known to mediate homodimerization of the previously cloned AP-2 alpha transcription activator is highly conserved and sufficient to mediate interaction between the two proteins. Northern blot and in situ hybridizations revealed that the two genes are expressed in murine embryos between days 9.5 and 19.5 p.c. Coexpression of both mRNAs was detected in many tissues at day 13.5 and 15.5 of embryogenesis but some regions of the developing brain and face including the primordium of midbrain and the facial mesenchyme differed in their expression pattern of AP-2 genes. AP-2 alpha and AP-2 beta signals in the central and peripheral nervous system overlapped with regions of developing sensory neurons. In adult tissues AP-2 alpha expression was found mainly in the skin, eye and prostate and AP-2 beta expression in the kidney. In summary, our analyses of embryonic and adult mice demonstrate that two different AP-2 transcription factors are specifically expressed during differentiation of many neural, epidermal and urogenital tissues.
A Closed-Loop Control System for the Reduction of Reactive Power Required by Electronic Converters (1976)

A closed-loop control system to reduce the reactive power required by electronic converters is proposed. The instantaneous reactive power which consists of both displacement of fundamental current and harmonic distortion current is measured and compensated by a reactive power source connected parallel between the power lines and the converter. A combination of a dc choke and a forced-commutated inverter is used for the reactive power source.
A DC-DC Bidirectional Converter with Improved Mode Transition Technique (2018)

A non-isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter (BDC) topology with improved mode transition technique is proposed in this paper. The proposed bidirectional converter has salient features like reduced mode transition time, better dynamic response and regenerative efficiency in case of motor loads. Further, it has capability to charge batteries with constant current (CC), constant voltage (CV), constant current constant voltage (CCCV) and pulse current (PC) charging schemes. All possible operational modes of BDC have been identified and then detailed operations have been discussed for a 40 W prototype. The functionality and effectiveness of the proposed BDC are demonstrated using simulation and experimental study.
Effects of feed material and annealing atmosphere on the properties of photorefractive barium titanate crystals (1988)

Growth and fabrication of commercial BaTiO3 photorefractive crystals are described. Crystals grown from two different titanium dioxide sources and annealed in oxygen partial pressures between 1 and 10−17 atm were characterized by chemical analysis, optical absorption spectra, and two-beam coupling gain. Equal mixtures of the two starting materials yielded crystals with the highest photorefractive gain, whereas the extremes either were inactive or exhibited photochromic damage. Reduction of the inactive crystals below 10−11 atm of oxygen yielded a tenfold increase in photorefractive carrier density related to a sharp absorption peak at 450 nm tentatively assigned to a nickel–oxygen-vacancy complex.
A container scheduling strategy based on neighborhood division in micro service (2018)

Micro service has achieved good results in recent years due to the advent of docker container technology. Although micro service architecture can solve the shortcomings of the monolithic architecture, yet it brings more complex problems of virtual machine(VM) scheduling. Many related studies are aimed at reducing network traffic consumption or reducing the amount of traffic between VMs. However, the methods proposed by these studies don't work well in the micro service's scenario because of the micro service's design concept and more complex container relationships. In this paper, a container scheduling strategy based on neighborhood division in micro service (CSBND) is proposed. The algorithm takes system load balancing and system response time into account to optimize system performance. Extensive experiments show that our algorithm can effectively reduce the system load imbalance and improve the overall system performance compared with other related algorithms.
Pharmacologic augmentation of high-density lipoproteins: mechanisms of currently available and emerging therapies (2005)

High-density lipoprotein and its defining functional protein apoAI prevent atherosclerosis through reverse cholesterol transport and other direct effects. Research has led to the development of novel therapies that increase high-density lipoprotein-C or that mimic direct anti-atherogenic effects of apolipoprotein AI. As these emerging therapies find a place in clinical medicine, we can anticipate preventing a much higher degree of cardiovascular events.
Faint Extended X-ray Sources: A new Large Area Survey (1995)

We have searched for extended X-ray sources in the ROSAT PSPC archive using the Voronoi Tesslation and Percolation algorithm (VTP). This algorithm detects all significant sources regardless of shape or size, and is particularly suited to finding low surface brightness extended sources which could be missed or wrongly interpreted by other algorithms. In an initial 13 sq deg (66 fields) we have found 22 sources with detected flux $>$7x10$^{-14}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ (0.5-2 keV) and sizes of 1 to 5 arcmin. Optically, they range from a single bright nearby galaxy which has been resolved, an Abell cluster which is revealed to have two (probably merging) components, and groups and clusters of galaxies at estimated redshifts beyond z$=$0.4. This work is part of an ongoing survey with the aims of (a) measuring the low luminosity ($$0.2) X-ray luminosity function of clusters, and (b) investigating cluster morphologies and unusual systems (eg `fossil' groups).
Pulse-width tunable and regenerative multi-channel NRZ-to-RZ conversion with duplicate output (2010)

We demonstrate multi-channel regenerative NRZ-to-RZ conversions with tunable output pulse-width and single-to-dual function, using a phase-modulator and an AWG. Transmission and BER show a good performance for the converted RZ signal compared with conventional one.
Padlock Probes and Rolling Circle Amplification New Possibilities for Sensitive Gene Detection (2002)

Seroprevalence for CMV varies from 70% in the general population to more than 90% in HIV infected patients. Immunodepression whatever its origin, either post therapeutic as in transplant recipients, or induced by HIV, leads to the reactivation of this virus, present in a latent form in the host. In CMV-seronegative patients, the main prevention is based on donor matching before a graft (graft of seronegative donor) and on the use of seronegative blood products or deleukocyted blood. Since the availability of efficient strategies of prophylaxis (before infection) or of early treatment (pre-emptive therapy), CMV disease is now infrequent in most transplantation centers. A real prophylaxis with ganciclovir is usually selected in high risk patients (lung, bone marrow transplants in case of a CMV seropositive recipient or seronegative but with a seropositive donor). It has replaced in most centers aciclovir that has only a modest efficacy. A pre-emptive therapy by ganciclovir is proposed in case of lower risk of CMV disease (kidney, liver or heart transplants) or if the local virology laboratory provides sensitive virological markers to detect the first signs of CMV reactivation. Besides viremia or pp65 antigenemia, currently used to initiate a pre-emptive therapy, the standardisation of other virological markers such as leukocytic or plasmatic PCR is in progress. The prophylaxis of CMV disease in less developed for HIV infected patients. Immunosuppression, continuously progressing in absence of antiretroviral agents, requires a continuous prophylaxis for months or years, treatment that is difficult to propose at the present time considering the modest activity of oral ganciclovir, the only oral agent available. Future progresses in this field will be obtained when a sensitive and reproductible CMV marker will allow to identify the patients at highest risk of CMV disease, and with new anti-CMV agents having a good oral bioavailability.
Adaptation of the Minitek system for the rapid identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1976)

A suspending medium was developed for use with the Minitek system for the confirmatory identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, and N. lactamica based upon the production of acid from various carbohydrates. The addition of sodium bicarbonate to the medium made negative reactions easier to read. More isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were identified with the suspending medium in the Minitek system than with cystine-Trypticase agar media. With a suitable inoculum size, a positive identification could be made in less than 1 h; most isolates (90,8%) could be identified within 4 h of inoculation. The Minitek system is reliable and easy to use.
Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease on a cruise ship linked to spa-bath filter stones contaminated with <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> serogroup 5 (2005)

In January 2003, two cases of Legionnaires' disease associated with a ship's cruise were registered in the database of National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases. A 70-year-old male heavy smoker with mild emphysema contracted the disease during a cruise. Legionella pneumophila serogroup (sg) 5 was isolated from the patient's sputum and the ship's indoor spa. The isolate from the spa matched the patient's isolate by genotyping performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The second case was in a 73-year-old female. During epidemiological investigation, a third case of Legionnaire's disease in a 71-year-old male was subsequently diagnosed among passengers on the same ship on the following cruise. Environmental investigation revealed that porous natural stones (Maifanshi) in the filters of the spas had harboured L. pneumophila, a phenomenon which has not been reported except in Japan. This is the first documented evidence of L. pneumophila sg 5 infection on a ship and of porous stones as a source of Legionella infection.
Mining graph patterns efficiently via randomized summaries (2009)

Graphs are prevalent in many domains such as Bioinformatics, social networks, Web and cyber-security. Graph pattern mining has become an important tool in the management and analysis of complexly structured data, where example applications include indexing, clustering and classification. Existing graph mining algorithms have achieved great success by exploiting various properties in the pattern space . Unfortunately, due to the fundamental role subgraph isomorphism plays in these methods, they may all enter into a pitfall when the cost to enumerate a huge set of isomorphic embeddings blows up, especially in large graphs. The solution we propose for this problem resorts to reduction on the data space . For each graph, we build a summary of it and mine this shrunk graph instead. Compared to other data reduction techniques that either reduce the number of transactions or compress between transactions, this new framework, called Summarize-Mine, suggests a third path by compressing within transactions . Summarize-Mine is effective in cutting down the size of graphs, thus decreasing the embedding enumeration cost. However, compression might lose patterns at the same time. We address this issue by generating randomized summaries and repeating the process for multiple rounds, where the main idea is that true patterns are unlikely to miss from all rounds. We provide strict probabilistic guarantees on pattern loss likelihood. Experiments on real malware trace data show that Summarize-Mine is very efficient, which can find interesting malware fingerprints that were not revealed previously.
Emerging Mechanisms of Immunosuppression in Oral Cancers (2006)

Mounting effective anti-tumor immune responses against tumors by both the innate and adaptive immune effectors is important for the clearance of tumors. However, accumulated evidence indicates that immune responses that should otherwise suppress or eliminate transformed cells are themselves suppressed by the function of tumor cells in a variety of cancer patients, including those with oral cancers. Signaling abnormalities, spontaneous apoptosis, and reduced proliferation and function of circulating natural killer cells (NK), T-cells, dendritic cells (DC), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been documented previously in oral cancer patients. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the functional deficiencies of tumor-associated immune cells in oral cancer patients. Both soluble factors and contact-mediated immunosuppression by the tumor cells have been implicated in the inhibition of immune cell function and the progression of tumors. More recently, elevated levels and function of key transcription factors in tumor cells, particularly NFkappaB and STAT3, have been shown to mediate immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. This review will focus on these emerging mechanisms of immunosuppression in oral cancers.
Total Synthesis of (-)-Tetrahydrolipstatin by the Tandem Mukaiyama-aldol Lactonization (2005)

(-)-Tetrahydrolipstatin 1 was synthesized in three steps and 33.8% overall yield from aldehyde 6 by tandem Mukaiyama-aldol lactonization, which offered a concise, efficient and highly diastereoselective route to this antiobesity drug. We also presented a resolution method for preparation of the crucial intermediate, β-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy) tetradecanal.
Compressed voice in integrated services frame relay networks: voice synchronization (2002)

The simplicity of the frame relay (FR) protocol, designed primarily for data communications, makes it difficult to apply existing voice synchronization algorithms requiring network layer (OSI layer 3) processing for voice transmission. The paper presents a novel adaptive playout algorithm, designed to absorb network delay jitter by adaptive variation of the holding time of voice packets at the playout buffer. The algorithm requires no common time-reference between sender and receiver or special processing in the FR switches and has been optimized to operate in a mixed voice-data FR environment characterized by bursty interLAN Ethernet traffic. It meets the quality of service (QoS) requirements of conversational voice applications. Performance evaluation of the playout algorithm includes quantitative simulation results as well as qualitative subjective tests using speech coders.
Fabrication and Characterization of Light-Emitting Diodes Comprising Highly Ordered Arrays of Emissive InGaN/GaN Nanorods (2013)

A simple approach to fabricating ordered InGaN/GaN nanorod arrays light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with strongly directional light emission is reported. The far field radiation pattern of the nanorod arrays LEDs shows preferential emission in a ±10° cone about the surface normal and contained other features arising from diffraction associated with the periodicity of the nanorod array. The output power per unit in-plane emissive area at 300-mA drive current is three times larger than that of an equivalent planar LED.
Improved efficiency in outphasing power amplifier by mixing outphasing and amplitude modulation (2017)

Outphasing amplifier using input signals that are both amplitude and differential phase modulated (mixed mode) has demonstrated higher efficient amplification than pure outphasing or amplitude modulation alone. An algorithm to convert the input signal to the mixed mode modulation was introduced. With LTE signal having 7.5 dB of Peak-to-Average ratio, the mixed mode modulation improved the efficiency of the amplifier as much as 15%. At the best condition, we achieved 77 % of output stage drain efficiency with the ACPR of 27dBc at 40 dBm of average output power before DPD correction. The mixed mode modulation also made it possible to configure a multistage outphasing amplifier with a total gain of 20 dB and 67% of overall efficiency. The paper explains the principle of operation, test bench configuration and actual data obtained.
Polarization of III-nitride blue and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (2005)

Polarization-resolved electroluminescence studies of III-nitride blue and ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were performed. The LEDs were fabricated on nitride materials grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrates (0001). Transverse electric (TE) polarization dominates in the InGaN∕GaN quantum-well (QW) blue LEDs (λ′=458nm), whereas transverse magnetic (TM) polarization is dominant in the AlInGaN QW UV LEDs (λ=333nm). For the case of edge emission in blue LEDs, a ratio (r=I⊥∕I‖) of about 1.8:1 was observed between the EL intensities with polarization E⊥c (TE mode) and E‖c (TM mode), which corresponds to a degree of polarization ∼0.29. The UV LEDs exhibit a ratio r of about 1:2.3, corresponding to a degree of polarization ∼0.4. This is due to the fact that the degree of polarization of the bandedge emission of the AlxInyGa1−x−yN active layer changes with Al concentration. The low emission efficiency of nitride UV LEDs is partly related to this polarization property. Possible consequences and ways to enhance UV emitter performances related to this unique polarization property are discussed.
Development of Broad-range and Specific 16S rRNA PCR for Use in Routine Diagnostic Clinical Microbiology (2014)

16S rRNA gene PCR법은 환자 검체로부터 병원성 미생물을 검출 및 동정에 사용되어진다. 본 연구는 대량의 임상미생물 진단을 위해 bacterial 16S rRNA 부위 유전자 서열을 이용하여 광대한 범위와 높은 특이도를 가지는 primer을 포함한 PCR법을 개발하였다. 10개 표준 균주 16S rRNA 보존 부위의 유전자 서열을 기반으로 primer set를 구축하였다. 98명 환자 검체에서 임상 미생물을 분리하였다. 98개 균주는 phenotypic 방법을 이용하여 확인하고, 개발된 primer set와 universal primer set를 이용한 PCR법으로 확인하였다. 획득한 PCR 산물은 forward primer, reverse primer, 그리고 자동화 DNA 분석기를 이용하여 각 균주의 16S rRNA 유전자 서열을 분석 및 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 primer set와 universal primer set의 임상미생물 검출에 대한 효율성을 평가하였고, 또한 phenotypic 방법과 분자생물학적 방법을 비교했다. 분리된 98개 균주를 대상으로 개발된 primer set로 16S rRNA PCR을 진행하여 778 bp 크기의 단일밴드로 증폭 되었음을 확인했다. 총 98개중 94개 균주(95.9%)는 phenotypic 결과와 동일함을 확인했다. 새로 개발된 primer set를 이용한 결과는 universal primer set를 이용한 98개 균주(100%)의 결과와 동일함을 확인하였다. 개발된 16S rRNA gene PCR법은 임상미생물 검출 및 동정에서 신속성, 정확성, 그리고 검사 비용 절감의 장점을 가진다. 개발된 primer set는 병원성 미생물 동정에서 효율성을 확인했다. Broad-range and specific 16S rRNA gene PCR is used for detection and identification of bacterial pathogens in clinical specimens from patients with a high suspicion for infection. We describe the development of a broad-range and specific PCR primer, based on bacterial 16S rRNA, for use in routine diagnostic clinical microbiology services. The primers were designed by using conservative regions of 16S rRNA sequences from 10 strains. Ninety-eight clinical strains were isolated from clinical patient specimens. A total of 98 strains of bacteria were identified by phenotypic methods; PCR with newly designed primers and universal primers. All purified PCR products were sequenced using both forward and reverse primers on an automated DNA analyzer. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of the newly designed primers and the universal primers for the detection of bacteria, and both these techniques were compared with phenotypic methods for bacteria detection. When we also tested 98 strains of clinical isolates with newly designed primers, about 778 bp DNA fragments were amplified and identified from all strains. Of the 98 strains, 94 strains (95.9%) correspond in comparison with phenotypic methods. The newly designed primers showed that the identities of 98 (100%) strains were the same as those obtained by universal PCR primers. The overall agreement between the newly designed primers and universal primers was 100%. The primer set was designed for rapid, accurate, and cheap identification of bacterial pathogens. We think the newly designed primer set is useful for the identification of pathogenic bacteria.