gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients with prior history of thoracic surgery and/or radiation therapy: the influence of smoking, size, and central location on risk of complications (2017)

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of tumor location and other major factors on the risk of complications from stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with a history of thoracic surgery and/or radiation therapy. Methods Medical records of patients with recurrent or second primary NSCLC treated with SBRT between 2005 and 2015 were reviewed. All patients had prior thoracic surgery and/or radiation therapy and were treated with image-guided, robotic SBRT. Time to local failure and toxicity was evaluated by using cumulative incidence and competing risk regression analysis. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Fifty-six patients with 74 tumors treated with SBRT were included for analysis. Of the 74 tumors, 19 (26%) were centrally located within 2 cm of the proximal bronchial tree. At a median follow-up of 27 months (range = 5–129), the 2-year cumulative incidence of LF was 13% for peripheral tumors and 16% for central tumors ( p = 0.95). Neither prior thoracic surgery nor radiation therapy was associated with increased LF or toxicity. Among the 56 patients, eight (14%), three (5%), and one (2%) experienced grade 2, 3, and 4 complications following SBRT. Patients with a ≥ 50 pack-year smoking history were more likely to develop ≥ grade 2 toxicity (HR 5.3; 95% CI 1.4–19.9, p = 0.01). Central tumor location was associated with higher risk of toxicity (HR 3.4; 95% CI 1.1–10.5, p = 0.04) as was planning tumor volume > 30 mL (HR 4.3; 95% CI 1.1–16.3, p = 0.047). In a multivariable model, central location remained significant after adjusting for smoking history and planning tumor volume. Conclusions After prior thoracic surgery and/or radiation, SBRT retreatment for NSCLC provided durable local control and was well tolerated in most patients. Patients with a history of previously operated and/or radiated lung cancer with new central tumors, PTV volume > 30 mL, or smoking history ≥ 50 pack-years were at higher risk of complications from SBRT.
Inhibiting Properties of Morpholine as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 2N Sulphuric Acid and Phosphoric Acid Medium (2011)

The inhibition effect of morpholine on the corrosion of mild steel in 2N sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid has been studied by mass loss and polarization techniques between 302K and 333K. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in concentration. The corrosion rate increased with increase in temperature and decreased with increase in concentration of inhibitor compared to blank. The adsorption of inhibitor on the mild steel surface has been found to obey Temkin′s adsorption isotherm. Potentiostatic polarization results reveal that morpholine act as mixed type inhibitor. The values of activation energy (Ea), free energy of adsorption (∆G ads ), enthalpy of adsorption (∆H), and entropy of adsorption (∆S) were also calculated.
Ultra-capacitor augmentation of the vehicle electrical system to reset its power budget (2005)

Average electrical burden in passenger vehicles, cars and light trucks, has escalated in recent years from 500 W to 700 W and higher. Year over year growth in electrical loads is now between 100 W to 150 W with no end in sight. OEM's maintain that a 14 V electrical system can sustain such growth and moreover, that 14 V electrified ancillaries are containable as well. With alternator technology now exceeding 3000 W and currents above 200 A it is incumbent upon the industry to evaluate means to reset the vehicle power budget. This work argues that such power budget resetting may be realized economically using existing 14 V alternator and battery technology but augmenting the vehicle charging system with a 28 V ultra-capacitor module. The series connected battery and ultra-capacitor module provide regulated 42 V for high power electrical loads leaving the base 14 V system unchanged.
Nutritional antioxidants as antidegenerative agents (2000)

Abstract In this study, primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons were prepared from eight‐day‐old Wistar rats, and maintained in an appropriate medium containing a high (25 mM) concentration of KCl. All experiments were performed with fully differentiated neurons (eight days). To induce apoptosis, culture medium was replaced with a serum‐free medium (containing 5 mM KCl) eight days after plating. In another series of experiments, apoptosis was induced by application of glutamate (50 μM) to the cell cultures. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry, the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐fluorescein nick end‐labeling) method, and by the classical method of DNA fragmentation. Since there is evidence that an increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the apoptosis induced by both low K + concentrations and glutamate, a series of natural antioxidants and a red wine lyophilized extract (which is rich in antioxidant compounds) were tested in our experimental model. It was found that ascorbic acid (30 μM) and a red wine lyophilized extract (5 μg/ml) were capable of blocking the apoptotic process. Addition of the following natural antioxidants did not have any protective effect on apoptosis induced by low K + concentrations: trans ‐ and cis ‐resveratrol (5–200 μM), α‐tocopherol (100–200 μM), reduced glutathione (100–400 μM), 3‐hydroxytirosol (25–100 μM), epicatechin (25–100 μM), or quercetin (25–50 μM). It is concluded that only a limited number of natural antioxidants are provided with antiapoptotic activity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. This effect is probably exerted by reducing ROS formation, and by blocking caspase‐3 activity.
[Determination of lignan glycosides in Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis by RP-HPLC]. (2002)

Comparing the samples from Jinxiou(158.2 mg.100 g)-1 and Kumming(154.8 mg.100 g)-1, that of Guiyang showed the highest content of LD(208.8 mg.100 g)-1. The content of LD in the tender above-ground part was 1.3 times higher than that in the wilt.
Using pheromones to disrupt mating of moth pests (2007)

Many kinds of insects rely on sex pheromones to locate mates, with attraction often occurring over distances of ten meters or more. The prospect of achieving direct population control of insect pests by applying synthetic copies of these attractants to a crop has long intrigued entomologists and chemists. Because odor communication is mediated by miniscule quantities of pheromone, it was imagined that application of relatively small amounts of synthetic pheromone, perhaps a fraction of a gram of pheromone per ha per day, would readily interfere with mate location by “confusing” the responders. But testing the feasibility of mating disruption requires synthetic copies of these chemical messages, and it was not until the late 1960s and early 1970s that advances in techniques for characterizing pheromone structures facilitated the identification of the pheromones of many of the world's most damaging pest insects. The availability of synthetic pheromones in turn enabled field testing of this method of pest control, beginning with Gaston et al. (1967).
Synthesis and Two-Electron Redox Behavior of Diazuleno[2,1-<i>a</i>:1,2-<i>c</i>]naphthalenes (2002)

The Diels-Alder reaction of di-2-azulenylacetylene with tetraphenylcyclopentadienone afforded 7,8,9,10-tetraphenyldiazuleno[2,1-a:1,2-c]naphthalene in one pot via autoxidation of the presumed 1,2-di-2-azulenylbenzene derivative. In contrast, a similar reaction of bis(1-methoxycarbonyl-2-azulenyl)acetylene with tetraphenylcyclopentadienone gave the 1,2-di-2-azulenylbenzene derivative. The following cyclodehydrogenation reaction of the benzene derivative with iron(III) chloride afforded diazuleno[2,1-a:1,2-c]naphthalene 6,11-bismethoxycarbonyl derivative. The redox behavior of these novel diazuleno[2,1-a:1,2-c]naphthalenes was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). These compounds exhibited two-step oxidation waves at +0.22 to +0.71 V upon CV, which revealed the formation of a radical cation and dication stabilized by the fused two azulene rings under the electrochemical oxidation conditions. Since the 1,2-di-2-azulenylbenzene derivative was oxidized at higher oxidation potentials (+0.83 and +1.86 V), the fusion of the two azulene rings to naphthalene increased electron-donating properties because of the formation of a closed-shell dicationic structure. Formation of the radical cation was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy under the electrochemical oxidation conditions, although no evidence was obtained for the presumed dication under the conditions of the UV-vis spectroscopy measurement.
Positive Aspects of Negative Design:  Simultaneous Selection of Specificity and Interaction Stability (2007)

The energetic determinants that drive specific protein-protein interactions are not entirely understood. We describe simultaneous in vivo selection of specific and stable interactions using homologous peptides which compete with protein libraries for an interaction with a target molecule. Library members binding to their target, and promoting cell growth, must outcompete competitor interactions with the target (i.e., competition) and evade binding to the competitors (i.e., negative design). We term this a competitive and negative design initiative (CANDI). We combined CANDI with a protein-fragment complementation assay (PCA) and observed major specificity improvements, by driving selection of winning library members that bind their target with maximum efficacy, ensuring that otherwise energetically accessible alternatives are inaccessible. CANDI-PCA has been used with libraries targeted at coiled coil regions of oncogenic AP-1 components cJun and cFos. We demonstrate that comparable hydrophobic and electrostatic contributions in desired species are compromised in nondesired species when CANDI is executed, demonstrating that both core and electrostatic residues are required to direct specific interactions. Major energetic differences (>or=5.6 kcal/mol) are observed between desired and nondesired interaction stabilities for a CANDI-PCA derived peptide relative to a conventional PCA derived helix, with significantly more stability (3.2 kcal/mol) than the wild-type cJun-cFos complex. As a negative control, a library lacking a residue repertoire able to generate a specific and stable helix was tested. Negative protein design has broad implications in generating specific and therapeutically relevant peptide-based drugs, proteins able to act with minimal cross-talk to homologues or analogues, and in nanobiotechnological design.
The Effect of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy With Antiseptic Instillation on Biofilm Formation in a Porcine Model of Infected Spinal Instrumentation. (2016)

A universal, standardized method of wound as- sessment has not been established or proposed. At present, techniques range from the simple to the more complex - most of which have char- acteristics that allow for applicability in both rural and urban settings. Techniques covered are: ruler measurements, acetate tracings/contact planimetry, digital planimetry, and structured light devices. Conclu- sion. In reviewing the literature, the precision and reliability of digital planimetry over the more conventional methods of ruler measurements and acetate tracings are consistently demonstrated. The advent and utility of the laser or structured light approach, however, is promising, has only been analyzed by a few, and opens up the scope for further evaluation of this technique.
Computer support for distributed collaborative writing (1994)

This paper reports research to define a set of interaction parameters that collaborative writers will find useful. Our approach is to provide parameters of interaction and to locate the decision of how to set the parameters with the users. What is new in this paper is the progress we have made outlining task management parameters, notification, scenarios of use, as well as some implementation architectures.
Discordant Results on FeCO Deformability in Heme Proteins Reconciled by Density Functional Theory (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDiscordant Results on FeCO Deformability in Heme Proteins Reconciled by Density Functional TheoryThomas G. Spiro and Pawel M. KozlowskiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey 08544 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 18, 4524–4525Publication Date (Web):April 28, 1998Publication History Received18 September 1997Published online28 April 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9732946https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9732946rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bioinorganic chemistry,Density functional theory,Molecular structure,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Nutritional Ergogenic Aids: Chromium, Exercise, and Muscle Mass (1991)

Athletes who want to develop muscle mass have sought various ways to reach this goal. We are all too familiar with the abuse of anabolic steroids and growth hormone. Given the concern for such abuses, athletes and coaches are seeking new and safer means to achieve the same end. Within the last couple of years, advertisements for chromium supplements have been prominently displayed in body-building and strength-training magazines. These supplements are purported to be a safe alternative to anabolic steroids and are said to promote an increase in muscle mass. This brief review will focus on the theoretical basis for believing that chromium supplements will increase muscle mass, and on the current research regarding the relationship of chromium and exercise.
Oncolytic Viruses: Programmable Tumour Hunters (2002)

Despite significant improvements in early detection and refinements of therapeutic protocols over the last several decades, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in North America. In particular, treatment of metastatic cancers is a highly desirable and yet still elusive goal of the oncologist. One strategy which holds promise is the use of self replicating viral strains with the ability to specifically kill tumour but not normal cells. These so-called "oncolytic viruses" are in general, attenuated for growth in normal cells but are able to exploit tumour specific, genetic defects to gain a growth advantage. In this review, we will discuss the virus:host cell interactions which help form the niche occupied by oncolytic viruses. The current and potential clinical applications/limitations will be discussed for oncolytic viruses from the herpesvirus, adenoviruses, picornavirus, rhabdovirus, and paramyxovirus families.
The Danish Conquest (1999)

In the eleventh century the English royal house could trace its origins, without employing too much fiction, back to the seventh century. Cnut’s dynasty had no such antiquity, though his propagandists soon began to manufacture one.2 But despite their attempts to make him a descendant of Ivar inn beinlusi, his historical ancestry goes back only to his greatgrandfather, Gorm the Old (d. 958), known chiefly from the runestone he erected to his wife Thyre (‘Denmark’s pride’) at Jelling (Jutland). Jelling, the centre of the family’s power, was developed by Gorm’s son Harald Bluetooth (958–87), whose own runestone boasts that ‘he won for himself all Denmark and Norway and made the Danes Christian’. Towards the end of his reign, however, he was deposed by his son, Swein Forkbeard, and died on 1 November 987.3 In Swein’s time, the centre of royal power in Denmark began to shift from Jelling in Jutland towards the eastern lands, notably to Roskilde in Sjaelland, soon to become the richest of the Danish bishoprics.4 Impressive though the achievements of Harald and Swein were, neither the Danish kingdom nor its nascent church were as developed as their counterparts in England.
Transjugular Biopsy of the Liver in Pediatric and Adult Patients Using an 18-Gauge Automated Core Biopsy Needle: A Retrospective Review of 410 Consecutive Procedures (2003)

Transjugular biopsy of the liver using an automatic core biopsy needle is safe and produces adequate tissue specimens in a high percentage of patients.
CRISPR-Cas9 System as a Versatile Tool for Genome Engineering in Human Cells (2016)

Targeted nucleases are influential instruments for intervening in genome revision with great accuracy. RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases produced from clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems have noticeably altered the means to modify the genomes of distinct organisms. They can be notably used to facilitate effective genome manipulation in eukaryotic cells by clearly detailing a 20-nt targeting sequence inside its directed RNA. We discuss the most recent advancements in the molecular basis of the type II CRISPR/Cas system and encapsulate applications and elements affecting its use in human cells. We also propose possible applications covering its uses ranging from basic science to implementation in the clinic.
Efficient operation of array-pumped Er <sup>3+</sup> doped silica fibre laser at 1.5 μm (1988)

We present the results for diode-array pumped Er3+ doped silica fibres, which lase near 1550 nm. A maximum output power of 8 mW is obtained with a 13% overall efficiency against the launched pump power.
Organophosphorus compounds. XV. Synthesis of 2-Ethoxy-1-methyl-1,2-azaphospholidine 2-oxide (1974)

The reaction of diethyl 3-bromopropylphosphonate with phosphorus pentachloride in carbon tetrachloride gave ethyl 3-bromopropylphosphonochloridate, which upon reaction with anhydrous methylamine at -15º gave ethyl N -methyl- P -3-bromopropylphosphonamidate. Treatment of this phosphonamidate with sodium hydride in boiling xylene gave 2-ethoxy-1-methyl-l,2-azaphospholidine 2-oxide. Some other possible routes to this compound were investigated.
Germline<i>BRCA</i>Mutations Denote a Clinicopathologic Subset of Prostate Cancer (2010)

BRCA2 mutation carriers had an increased risk of prostate cancer and a higher histologic grade, and BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations were associated with a more aggressive clinical course. These results may have implications for tailoring clinical management of this subset of hereditary prostate cancer.
Genetic Mapping of Vi and Somatic Antigenic Determinants in<i>Salmonella</i> (1965)

Johnson, E. M. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Barbara Krauskopf, and L. S. Baron. Genetic mapping of Vi and somatic antigenic determinants in Salmonella. J. Bacteriol. 90:302-308. 1965.-The Vi antigen and somatic antigen 9 were transferred to Salmonella typhimurium recipients by mating with S. typhosa Hfr TD-7, and the genetic determinants of these antigens were located. A gene responsible for Vi antigen expression, ViB was found to be associated with the inlpurA-pyrB linkage group, and the order ViB-inl-purA-pyrB was established. The determinant of somatic antigen 9 was found closely linked to the his gene, and cotransduction of these determinants was accomplished with phage PLT-22. Moreover, all conjugation and transduction hybrids which received the somatic antigen 9 determinant concurrently lost somatic antigen 4. Similarly, S. typhosa hybrids produced by transfer of his and the gene for somatic antigen 4 from S. typhimurium Hfr B2, or by cotransduction of these genes with PLT-22, also lost somatic antigen 9. These results indicated that the genetic determinants of the somatic antigen 9 and 4 are probably allelic. A second Vi antigen determinant, ViA, located near his, was discovered in matings of S. typhimurium Hfr B2 with a Vi-negative S. typhosa recipient. Vi-positive S. typhosa hybrids were obtained from this cross in which neither parent expressed the Vi antigen, indicating that this Vi determinant of S. typhosa is present also in S. typhimurium.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES RELATED TO PENICILLINS PART 16, PREPARATION OF METHYL 2‐((1S,5R)‐3‐BENZYL‐7‐OXO‐4‐OXA‐2,6‐DIAZABICYCLO(3,2,0)HEPT‐2‐EN‐6‐YL)‐3‐METHYLBUT‐2‐ENOATE (1975)

Abstract Aus dem Hg‐Salz (I) wird durch Einwirkung von HZS und nachfolgende Veresterung der zunächst sich bildenden Säure (IIa) der Ester (IIb) erhalten, der mit Hg‐acetat die Verbindung (III) liefert.
Fast and efficient DNA crosslinking and multiple orthogonal labelling by copper-free click chemistry (2012)

Two new dibenzocyclooctyne-thymidine monomers were incorporated into oligonucleotides and crosslinked to azide-labelled complementary strands across the DNA grooves. Equivalent reactions were successful using a (bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne) alkyne. Oligonucleotides containing internal cyclooctyne and amino groups were simultaneously reacted with azides and NHS esters of different fluorescent dyes to produce functional genetic probes.
Ultrahigh-Throughput ESI-MS: Sampling Pushed to Six Samples per Second by Acoustic Ejection Mass Spectrometry (2020)

We present an acoustic ejection mass spectrometry (AEMS) setup for contactless electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)-based sample injection at a sampling rate faster than current ESI and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) techniques. For the direct transfer of samples out of 384-well plates into a modified ESI source, an open port interface (OPI) was combined with a modified acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) system. AEMS has the potential to eliminate bottlenecks known from classical MS approaches, such as speed, reproducibility, carryover, ion suppression, as well as sample preparation and consumption. This setup provided a drastically reduced transfer distance between OPI and ESI electrode for optimum throughput performance and broadens the scope of applications for this emerging technique. To simulate label-free applications of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) analysis and high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, two stress tests were performed regarding ion suppression and system endurance in combination with minor sample preparation. The maximum sampling rate was 6 Hz for dextromethorphan and <i>d</i><sub>3</sub>-dextrorphan (each 100 nM) for 1152 injections in 63 s at full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 105 ms and a relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 7.7/7.5% without internal standard correction. Enzyme assay buffer and crude dog plasma caused signal suppression of 51/73% at %RSD of 5.7/6.7% (<i>n</i> = 120). An HTS endurance buffer was used for >25 000 injections with minor OPI pollution and constant signals (%RSD = 8.5%, FWHM of 177 ms ± 8.5%, <i>n</i> = 10 557). The optimized hardware and method setup resulted in high-throughput performance and enables further implementation in a fully automated platform for ESI-MS-based high-throughput screening.