gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of image-blur models in a photographic system using the principles of optics (1990)

When a photographic imaging system has a focus error or a motion blur, it is not possible to correct the error by conventional optical printing. Digital image processing offers a chance to restore the blurred images by reversing the blurring processes under certain constraints. Although restoration algorithms vary in detail, they all need a model of the image-blurring process. This paper reviews image-blur models of each individual component in an image chain consisting of camera, film, and scanner. The models include image blur caused by focus error, camera shutter, object motion, light scattering in the film emulsion, film interimage effect, scanner optics, and scanner aperture. The emphasis is on mathematical simplicity and practical usefulness.
Enalapril prevents stroke and kidney dysfunction in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1989)

The influence of chronic treatment with the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril on blood pressure, kidney function, and survival was examined in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Male SHRSP that were fed a Japanese rat chow plus a 1% NaCl drinking solution beginning at 7-8 weeks of age developed severe hypertension and stroke; 14 of 18 untreated control SHRSP died by 14 weeks of age and exhibited evidence of cerebrovascular lesions. When enalapril (15 mg/kg/day) was included in the drinking solution of 15 SHRSP, blood pressure was initially reduced by only a slight degree, whereas survival improved markedly; only one of 10 SHRSP died before the rest were killed at 18 to 21 weeks. The remaining five enalapril-treated SHRSP lived beyond 36 weeks and on histological examination exhibited no evidence of cerebrovascular lesions. Chronic enalapril treatment also prevented the greater urinary excretion of protein and severe renal lesions observed in untreated SHRSP but did not affect urinary salt and water excretion. In anesthetized rats, glomerular filtration rate and tubular reabsorption of water were lower in untreated control SHRSP when compared with enalapril-treated SHRSP. Mean arterial pressure was comparable in both groups. These data support a possible role for ACE inhibition in the prevention of stroke and maintenance of kidney function independent of any marked change in blood pressure of SHRSP. Whether the protective effects of ACE inhibition relate to reduced angiotensin II formation, increased tissue kinins, or another mechanism remains to be determined.
Treatment of Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis (2001)

Propionibacterium acnes is a well-known cause of delayed endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. A white intracapsular plaque, keratic precipitates, and hypopyon may be present. Although there is no consensus on the treatment approach, recent studies have reviewed the outcomes of relatively large numbers of patients. Reasonable treatment options include pars plana vitrectomy and intra-ocular antibiotics with either partial or total capsulectomy/lens exchange. A good visual outcome is possible.
Long-Term Results of Tamoxifen Prophylaxis for Breast Cancer--96-Month Follow-up of the Randomized IBIS-I Trial (2007)

The risk-reducing effect of tamoxifen appears to persist for at least 10 years, but most side effects of tamoxifen do not continue after the 5-year treatment period.
Chemical Synthesis of the β-Subunit of Human Luteinizing (hLH) and Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Glycoprotein Hormones (2014)

Human luteinizing hormone (hLH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are human glycoprotein hormones each consisting of two subunits, an identical α-subunit and a unique β-subunit, that form noncovalent heterodimers. Structurally, β-hCG shares a high degree of sequence similarity with β-hLH, including a common N-glycosylation site at the N-terminus but differs mainly in the presence of an extended C-terminal portion incorporating four closely spaced O-linked glycans. These glycoproteins play important roles in reproduction and are used clinically in the treatment of infertility. In addition, the role of hCG as a tumor marker in a variety of cancers has also attracted significant interest for the development of cancer vaccines. In clinical applications, these hormones are administered as mixtures of glycoforms due to limitations of biological methods in producing homogeneous samples of these glycoproteins. Using the powerful tools of chemical synthesis, the work presented herein focuses on the highly convergent syntheses of homogeneous β-hLH and β-hCG bearing model glycans at all native glycosylation sites. Key steps in these syntheses include a successful double Lansbury glycosylation en route to the N-terminal fragment of β-hCG and the sequential installation of four O-linked glycosyl-amino acid cassettes into closely spaced O-glycosylation sites in a single, high-yielding solid-supported synthesis to access the C-terminal portion of the molecule. The final assembly of the individual glycopeptide fragments involved a stepwise native chemical ligation strategy to provide the longest and most complex human glycoprotein hormone (β-hCG) as well as its closely related homologue (β-hLH) as discrete glycoforms.
Towards fast decentralized construction of locality-aware overlay networks (2007)

We consider a large overlay network where any two nodes can communicate directly via the underlying Internet as long as the sender knows the recipient's ip-address. Due to the scalability requirement, the overlay network must be sparse: a given node can store at most a polylogarithmic number of ip-addresses. A notion of distance (locality) in the network is given by node-to-node round-trip times. We assume that initially the overlay links are random, and hence have no explicit locality-aware properties.
Uranium(IV) Complexes of Calix[5]arene (2006)

Abstract The μ‐oxo uranium(V) compound [Hpy] 2 [{U(calix[5]arene–5H)} 2 (μ 2 ‐O)] · 4py ( 1· 4py) was the sole product isolated from the reaction of UCl 4 and calix[5]arene unless the last traces of water were eliminated by thoroughly drying the macrocyclic molecule; under such strictly anhydrous conditions, thebinuclear U IV complex [Hpy] 3 [U 2 (calix[5]arene–5H)Cl 6 ] · 4py ( 2· 4py) was obtained. Treatment of U(OTf) 3 or U(OTf) 4 (OTf = OSO 2 CF 3 ) with calix[5]arene gave the dimeric U IV complex [U(calix[5]arene–4H)(py)] 2 · 4py ( 3· 4py); compound 3 was also formed when no precautions were taken to avoid the presence of traces of water, together with compound 1 . The crystal structures of the complexes were determined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Controlled pushing of nanoparticles: modeling and experiments (2000)

A nano-robotic manipulation system using an atomic force microscope probe as the pushing manipulator and force and topology sensor is proposed. The task is the two-dimensional positioning of nanometer-size particles on a substrate in ambient conditions. Thus, the modeling of interaction forces and dynamics during the pushing operation is analyzed, and compared with the experimental results for an improved understanding of the nano scale physical phenomenon which is different from macro scale physics. Simulations and experiments are held for determining the conditions and strategies for reliable manipulation, and determining the affecting parameters. The results show that the latex particles with 242- and 484-nm radii can be positioned on Si substrates successfully with around 30-nm accuracy, and the behavior of the particle motion during pushing can be predicted from the experimental data.
Enhancement of the effect of an angiogenesis inhibitor on murine tumors by hyperthermia. (1998)

We investigated the effect of angiogenesis inhibitors (FR118487 and TNP-470) on two murine tumors (FM3A and SCC-VII) with and without hyperthermia. When angiogenesis inhibitors were administered immediately after tumor implantations there was no tumor growth. As the tumor diameter increased, the antitumor effect of the inhibitors decreased. When FR118487 was combined with hyperthermia, the antitumor effect was potentiated. This study suggested that angiogenesis inhibitors show their maximal effect against small tumors and have increased activity when combined with hyperthermia.
Faut-il maintenir en France l’obligation vaccinale ? (2003)

Auteur(s) : Philippe Reinert Redacteur en chef La France est l’un des derniers pays europeens industrialises a maintenir encore l’obligation vaccinale. 4 vaccins sont obligatoires : le BCG, les vaccins contre la diphterie, le tetanos et la poliomyelite ; le vaccin contre l’hepatite B n’est exige que pour le personnel des etablissements de prevention et de soins. Actuellement 12 pays europeens n’imposent plus aucune vaccination, estimant, pour des raisons [...]
Phytotoxicity of Fumonisins and TA-Toxin to Corn and Tomato (1994)

The phytotoxic effects of five fumonisin mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme, i.e., fumonisin A 1 (FA 1 ), A 2 (FA 2 ), B 1 (FB 1 ), B 2 (FB 2 ), and B 3 (FB 3 ), together with the aminopolyol hydrolysis products of FB 1 and FB 2 (AP 1 and AP 2 , respectively) and tricarballylic acid (TCA) were compared with the host-specific phytotoxin TA-toxin (TA) produced by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici. A leaf assay was performed on detached leaves of the tomato genotypes Asc/Asc (tolerant to TA) and as/asc (sensitive to TA) at four concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM) of each toxin. Seedlings of corn cultivars A1849W and PNR 473 and the two tomato genotypes were also used to assay TA, FB 1 , FB 2 , and FB 3 [...]
Rietveld refinement and ab initio calculations of a C14-like Laves phase in Ti-Zr-Ni (2003)

Ternary Ti-Zr-Ni alloys form icosahedral and other complex phases near the composition Ti 41.5 Zr 41.5 Ni 17 . Among these is a C14-like Laves phase, u -(Ti-Zr-Ni), which forms at a composition Ti 37 Zr 33 Ni 30 . The crystal structure of this phase is determined by a Rietveld analysis. Ab initio calculations are used to confirm the structural details and to investigate the energetic stability of the structure. We show that u -(Ti-Zr-Ni) is a high-temperature phase, with a MgZn 2 -type structure with Zr occupying primarily the Mg sites and Ti and Ni randomly occupying the Zn sites.
German-Americans and the World War (With Special Emphasis on Ohio's German-Language Press) (1937)

German-Americans and the World War (With Special Emphasis on Ohio's German-Language Press). By Carl Wittke. Ohio Historical Collections, Vol. V. (Columbus: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1936. xi + 223 pp.) Merle Curti Merle Curti Smith College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 23, Issue 4, March 1937, Pages 588–589, https://doi.org/10.2307/1886178 Published: 01 March 1937
Composing by Pen: Using Pen Input for Computer Music Notation (1998)

It was hypothesised that pen input might provide an alternative method for students' computer-based arranging and composing tasks in situations where sequencing, and 'mousing' were frustrating. This is partially supported by this research. The pen was positively received for editing notation, but for notation input there were many frustrations about the inconsistency of response from the NoteWriter gesture recognition implementation.
Bright Semiconductor Scintillator for High Resolution X-Ray Imaging (2010)

We report on a novel approach to produce oxygen-doped zinc telluride (ZnTe:O), a remarkable group II-VI semiconductor scintillator, fabricated in the columnar-structured or polycrystalline forms needed to fulfill the needs of many demanding X-ray and -ray imaging applications. ZnTe:O has one of the highest conversion efficiencies among known scintillators, emission around 680 nm (which is ideally suited for CCD sensors), high density of 6.4 g/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , fast decay time of ~1μs with negligible afterglow, and orders of magnitude higher radiation resistance compared to commonly used scintillators. These properties allow the use of ZnTe:O in numerous applications, including X-ray imaging, nuclear medicine (particularly SPECT), room temperature radioisotope identification, and homeland security. Additionally, ZnTe:O offers distinct advantages for synchrotron-based high resolution imaging due to the absence of atomic absorption edges in the low energy range, which otherwise reduce resolution due to secondary X-ray formations. We have fabricated films of ZnTe:O using a vapor deposition technique that allows large-area structured scintillator fabrication in a time- and cost-efficient manner, and evaluated its performance for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) at an Argonne National Laboratory synchrotron beamline. Details of the fabrication and characterization of the optical, scintillation and imaging properties of the ZnTe:O films are presented in this paper.
Formal verification of the PATHO real-time operating system (2002)

We present several models of PATHO, a real-time operating system for an automatically controlled vehicle. The models are simple and scalable, thus they can be used to evaluate real-time verification tools. We describe the verification of PATHO using real-time extensions of HSIS verification system. Experiments show that user-supplied guidelines are crucial for successful verification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Beta-fibroblast growth factor expression in human and murine squamous cell carcinomas and its relationship to regional endothelial cell proliferation. (1993)

Surgical biopsies from ten head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were labeled in vitro with bromodeoxyuridine. In histological sections, bromodeoxyuridine-positive nuclei and beta-fibroblast growth factor (beta-FGF) were stained using immunohistochemistry. In clearly discernible clusters of tumor cells, the cytoplasm shows strong positive beta-FGF staining, whereas other tumor regions are completely beta-FGF negative. Within positively stained areas, the tumor cell bromodeoxyuridine labeling index is higher in comparison to beta-FGF-negative areas by a factor of 5 +/- 0.8. This is reflected in a positive correlation of the tumor cell labeling index and the relative extent of beta-FGF-positive tumor areas. Viable tumor areas bordering on necrosis, which are known to be hypoxic, are beta-FGF negative. The average tumor endothelial cell labeling index was 1.8 +/- 0.6%, as compared to 0.16% in adjacent normal mucosa. Since endothelial cell pulse labeling indices are too low for a further quantitative analysis, the relationship of beta-FGF expression and endothelial cell turnover was studied in more detail in two fairly well-differentiated murine squamous cell carcinoma lines (AT 84 and AT 478). Labeling indices were higher and endothelial cell doubling times were significantly shorter in beta-FGF-positive as compared to beta-FGF-negative tumor areas (AT 84, 9.3 h versus 25.4 h; AT 478/25, 6.8 h versus 16 h). Thus, the discrete expression of beta-FGF is associated with regional differences in endothelial cell kinetics. In two generations of the tumor line AT 478, characterized by different volume doubling times of 18 days (AT 478/25) and 36 days (AT 478/4), beta-FGF-positive areas represent 75.5 +/- 6% and 19.7 +/- 7% of the viable tumor tissue, respectively. This indicates a correlation between beta-FGF production of tumor cells and growth rate.
Prudent Strategies for Elective Red Blood Cell Transfusion (1992)

Despite the recent decline in red blood cell use because of concerns about infection, current transfusion practice remains variable because physicians have disparate views about its appropriateness. The remarkable human tolerance of anemia suggests that clinicians can accept hemoglobin levels above 70 g/L (7 g/dL) in most patients with self-limited anemia. In patients with impaired cardiovascular status or with anemias that will not resolve spontaneously, however, the data are insufficient to determine minimum acceptable hemoglobin levels, and therapy must be guided by the clinical situation. Several therapeutic strategies and pharmacologic interventions are available in the perioperative and non-operative settings to further reduce red blood cell use.
Combined grasp and manipulation planning as a trajectory optimization problem (2012)

Many manipulation planning problems involve several related sub-problems, such as the selection of grasping points on an object, choice of hand posture, and determination of the arm's configuration and evolving trajectory. Traditionally, these planning sub-problems have been handled separately, potentially leading to sub-optimal, or even infeasible, combinations of the individually determined solutions. This paper formulates the combined problem of grasp contact selection, grasp force optimization, and manipulator arm/hand trajectory planning as a problem in optimal control. That is, the locally optimal trajectory for the manipulator, hand mechanism, and contact locations are determined during the pre-grasping, grasping, and subsequent object transport phase. Additionally, a barrier function approach allows for non-feasible grasps to be optimized, enlarging the region of convergence for the algorithm. A simulation of a simple planar object manipulation task is used to illustrate and validate the approach.
Evaluation of human-Myo gesture control capabilities in continuous search and select operations (2016)

Tactile and haptic devices can be used to control and interact with a wide range of systems, including games, virtual environments and assistive technologies. Although many psychophysical studies have measured thresholds of human sensory capabilities for interpreting haptic and tactile feedback, relatively little is known about the precision with which we are able to guide the behavior of a system based on kinesthetic and myoelectric gestures. A broad study of the latter problem is important, especially now that a number of devices have appeared - such as the Leap Motion Controller and the Myo armband - which enable humans to use finger, hand and arm gestures to interact with the digital world. This paper provides a broad overview on the topic, and reports a set of preliminary experiments on the extent to which the Myo armband can be used to control auditory feedback in real time. Test results are evaluated based on a Bayesian statistical model of an empirical (but for the most part, unambiguous) performance scale. The goal is to investigate ways in which visually impaired users could use the Myo to control the output of an assistive technology.
Ability of a Kaufman source to functionalize the surface of polystyrene by low-energy (80-225 eV) nitrogen ion bombardment (2000)

Some applications of polymers in terms of biocompatibility require only a single chemical group, namely primary amines, to be grafted on a polymer surface. As an alternative to the efficient but unselective plasma method, the efficiency of the Kaufman ion source for incorporation of nitrogen in a polystyrene surface is demonstrated in this study. The influence of different treatment parameters on nitrogen incorporation is examined: the nitrogen ion energy (80–225 eV), the ion dose (1 × 1015–5 × 1016 ions cm−2) and the incident angle (55 and 90°). It is also shown that the induced chemical modifications are stable, because no changes are noted when samples are analysed 20 weeks after the treatment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constitutive IL-10 Production Accounts for the High NK Sensitivity, Low MHC Class I Expression, and Poor Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing (TAP)-1/2 Function in the Prototype NK Target YAC-1 (1998)

Tumor cells that are treated with rIL-10 or transfected with the IL-10 gene show phenotypic changes. These include low but peptide-inducible expression of MHC class I, low sensitivity to specific CTL-mediated lysis, and increased NK sensitivity. In vitro-established mouse tumor lines were screened for IL-10 expression and production, and a large proportion of plasmocytomas or T cell lymphomas were found to produce IL-10. Since one of these lines was the prototype NK target cell YAC-1, we investigated whether the high IL-10 production of this cell line was related to its high NK sensitivity and its defects in MHC class I expression. The decrease in H-2 expression following the in vitro culture of in vivo-passaged YAC-1 cells was accompanied by a gradual increase in IL-10 production, whereas the reverse was found when passing in vitro-grown YAC-1 in vivo as an ascites tumor in syngenic mice. In addition, differences in YAC-1 MHC class I expression correlated with alterations in the functional activity of TAP-1/2 proteins. YAC-1 cells that were transduced with a retroviral IL-10 antisense construct (Y-IL-10 AS) only produced about half of the IL-10 that was produced by YAC-1 transduced with the control construct (Y-IL-10 Mock). Relative to Y-IL-10 Mock cells, the expression of H-2 on Y-IL-10 AS cells was markedly increased, and NK sensitivity was decreased. These data argue for a mechanism wherein IL-10 production is causally related to the low H-2 expression, decreased TAP function, and high NK sensitivity of YAC-1 cells.
Solubilization of Biomolecules in Carbon Dioxide Based Supercritical Fluids (1986)

Supercritical fluid (SF) carbon dioxide offers several advantages compared with organic liquid solvents for separations and reaction processes of thermally labile biomolecules.A major limitation is that the even moderately polar biomolecules are only slightly soluble. Experimental solubility and vapor pressure data were obtained for cholesterol, stigmasterol, and ergosterol in SF CO(2) with and without co-solvents over a pressure range of 100 to 350 bar. Small concentrations of certain co-solvents can increase solubilities of particular sterols by one or two orders of magnitude, but have little effect on other sterols due to complexes formed in the solid phase. The experimental data were correlated using component solubility parameters to obtain the unlike-pair attraction constant used in a modified van der Waals equation of state.
The Relationship Among Video Quality, Screen Resolution, and Bit Rate (2011)

How much bandwidth is required for good quality video for a given screen resolution? Data acquired during two Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG) projects allow at least a partial answer to this question. This international subjective testing produced large amounts of mean opinion score (MOS) data for the screen resolutions QIF, CIF, VGA, and HD; for H.264 and similar modern codecs; and for many bit rates. Those data are assembled in the present report. For each screen resolution, MOS is plotted as a function of bit rate. A plot of all four data sets together shows the bit rate that would be required to achieve a given level of video quality for a given screen resolution. Relations among the four data sets are regular, suggesting that interpolation across screen resolutions might be reasonable. Based on these data, it would be reasonable to choose a bit rate, given a screen resolution; it would not be reasonable to choose a screen resolution given a bit rate.
Digital audio watermarking in the cepstrum domain (2000)

We propose a digital audio watermarking technique in the cepstrum domain. We insert a digital watermark into the cepstral components of the audio signal using a technique analogous to spread spectrum communications, hiding a narrow band signal in a wideband channel. In our method, we use pseudo-random sequences to watermark the audio signal. The watermark is then weighted in the cepstrum domain according to the distribution of cepstral coefficients and the frequency masking characteristics of the human auditory system. Watermark embedding minimizes the audibility of the watermark signal. The embedded watermark is robust to multiple watermarks, MPEG audio coding and additive noise.