gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fungal Disease Prevention in Seedlings of Rice (Oryza sativa) and Other Grasses by Growth-Promoting Seed-Associated Endophytic Bacteria from Invasive Phragmites australis (2018)

Non-cultivated plants carry microbial endophytes that may be used to enhance development and disease resistance of crop species where growth-promoting and protective microbes may have been lost. During seedling establishment, seedlings may be infected by several fungal pathogens that are seed or soil borne. Several species of <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Pythium</i> and other water moulds cause seed rots during germination. <i>Fusarium</i> blights of seedlings are also very common and significantly affect seedling development. In the present study we screened nine endophytic bacteria isolated from the seeds of invasive <i>Phragmites australis</i> by inoculating onto rice, Bermuda grass (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i>), or annual bluegrass (<i>Poa annua</i>) seeds to evaluate plant growth promotion and protection from disease caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>. We found that three bacteria belonging to genus <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (SLB4-<i>P. fluorescens</i>, SLB6-<i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. and SY1-<i>Pseudomonas</i> sp.) promoted seedling development, including enhancement of root and shoot growth, and stimulation of root hair formation. These bacteria were also found to increase phosphate solubilization in in vitro experiments. <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. (SY1) significantly protected grass seedlings from <i>Fusarium</i> infection. In co-culture experiments, strain SY1 strongly inhibited fungal pathogens with 85.71% growth inhibition of <i>F. oxysporum</i>, 86.33% growth inhibition of <i>Curvularia</i> sp. and 82.14% growth inhibition of <i>Alternaria</i> sp. Seedlings previously treated with bacteria were found much less infected by <i>F. oxysporum</i> in comparison to non-treated controls. On microscopic observation we found that bacteria appeared to degrade fungal mycelia actively. Metabolite products of strain SY1 in agar were also found to inhibit fungal growth on nutrient media. <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. (SY1) was found to produce antifungal volatiles. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using specific primers for pyrrolnitirin synthesis and HCN (hydrogen cyanide) production suggested presence of genes for both compounds in the genome of SY1. HCN was detected in cultures of SY1. We conclude that microbes from non-cultivated plants may provide disease protection and promote growth of crop plants.
Reversible interaction between Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐activated neutral protease (CANP) and its endogenous inhibitor (1985)

The interaction between the Ca2+-activated neutral protease (CANP) and its endogenous inhibitor was analyzed. The interaction was completely reversible, and both CANP and the inhibitor regained full activity after dissociation of their complex.
Vitamin C and Cancer (1985)

This issue of the Journal contains the most recent chapter in a very interesting and probably unfinished story: Does ascorbic acid have a role in the treatment of human cancer? By the late 1960s several lines of evidence led to the notion that this vitamin might act to control or inhibit the growth of malignant tumors. Ascorbate was postulated to increase host resistance against cancer by a variety of mechanisms, including enhancing lymphocyte function, increasing the resistance of the intercellular ground substance to hydrolysis by hyaluronidase elaborated by tumor cells, and protecting the pituitary–adrenal axis from the effects of stress. . . .
Association of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Component XMAD2 with Unattached Kinetochores (1996)

The spindle assembly checkpoint delays anaphase until all chromosomes are attached to a mitotic spindle. The mad (mitotic arrest-deficient) and bub (budding uninhibited by benzimidazole) mutants of budding yeast lack this checkpoint and fail to arrest the cell cycle when microtubules are depolymerized. A frog homolog of MAD2 (XMAD2) was isolated and found to play an essential role in the spindle assembly checkpoint in frog egg extracts. XMAD2 protein associated with unattached kinetochores in prometaphase and in nocodazole-treated cells and disappeared from kinetochores at metaphase in untreated cells, suggesting that XMAD2 plays a role in the activation of the checkpoint by unattached kinetochores. This study furthers understanding of the mechanism of cell cycle checkpoints in metazoa and provides a marker for studying the role of the spindle assembly checkpoint in the genetic instability of tumors.
Physical characterization and crystallization of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of a mannose-binding protein from rat. (1991)

A portion of rat mannose-binding protein A (MBP-A), a Ca(2+)-dependent animal lectin, has been overproduced in a bacterial expression system, biochemically characterized, and crystallized. A fragment corresponding to the COOH-terminal 115 residues of native MBP-A, produced by subtilisin digestion of the bacterially expressed protein, contains the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). Gel filtration, chemical cross-linking, and crystallographic self-rotation function analyses indicate that the subtilisin fragment is a dimer, although the complete bacterially expressed fragment, containing the neck and CRD of MBP-A, is a trimer. Crystals of the minimal CRD, obtained only as a complex with a Man6GlcNAc2Asn glycopeptide, diffract to Bragg spacings of at least 1.7 A. Several trivalent lanthanide ions (Ln3+) can substitute for Ca2+, as assessed by their ability to support carbohydrate binding and to protect the CRD from proteolysis in a manner similar to that observed for Ca2+. These assays indicate that Ln2+ binds about 30 times more tightly than Ca2+ to the CRD, and that two Ca2+ or Ln3+ bind to each monomer, a result confirmed by determination of the Ho3+ positions in a Ho(3+)-containing crystal of the CRD. Crystals grown in the presence of Ln3+ belong to different space groups from those obtained with Ca2+ and are therefore not useable for traditional crystallographic phase determination methods, but are well-suited for high resolution structure determination by multiwavelength anomalous dispersion phasing.
<title>Characteristics of the Ru buffer layer for EUVL mask patterning</title> (2001)

The characteristics of Ru film were examined to determine its suitability as a buffer layer for EUV mask patterning. When etched in an O<SUB>2</SUB>/Cl<SUB>2</SUB> gas mixture with a high Cl<SUB>2</SUB> content at a low total gas flow rate, Ru exhibited a high etching selectivity with respect to a-Si, the otp layer of a Mo/Si multilayer mirror. This could enable use of a simpler mask patterning process without any damage to the multilayer. The patterning of a mask with a TaN absorber layer and a Ru buffer layer was demonstrated. Etching the TaN with an Ar/Cl<SUB>2</SUB> gas mixture yielded a high etching selectivity with respect to Ru of over 30:1. In addition, the use of Ru rather than SiO<SUB>2</SUB> for the buffer layer improved the DUV inspection contrast of TaN mask patterns before and after buffer layer etching. Finally, Ru is etched more slowly than SiO<SUB>2</SUB> by a focused ion beam, which makes it more suitable as a sacrificial layer during repair.
Survey of downlink control channel resource allocation techniques in LTE (2015)

In LTE, resource allocation technique is a non-standardized but an essential process to achieve high data rate and low latency at user end. Any resource allocation technique is incomplete if control channel (PDCCH) resource allocations are not considered in allocation process and only shared data channel (PDSCH) resources are considered. It should be noted that a user would be scheduled or not scheduled is determined from PDCCH resources. Therefore, PDCCH resource allocation is important for scheduling users. In practical scenario, there is constraint in availability of PDCCH resources with respect to number of users demanding resources. So, it is difficult to allocate resources to all users simultaneously. An effective PDCCH resource allocation technique is necessary in order to schedule maximum number of users in limited number of resources. Further, the technique should maintain fairness and throughput of users. The paper discusses different parameters which talks about control channel (PDCCH) scheduler. This paper provides a complete understanding of PDCCH resource allocation technique based on different allocation parameters. Requirement of improvement in PDCCH channel allocation techniques in LTE-Advanced is also discussed in end of the paper.
Effects of X irradiation on the function of rat salivary glands at 3 and 40 days. (1993)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different doses of X irradiation on the major rat salivary glands. The flow rates of the salivary glands were measured simultaneously in both parotid and submandibular glands of mature male Wistar rats at 3 and 40 days after head and neck irradiation with single doses of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, or 15 Gy. The parotid and submandibular glands were weighed at the time of saliva collection and total body weight was obtained weekly. Significant reductions in parotid salivary flow at 3 days and parotid and submandibular flow at 40 days were found. Diminished saliva output was dose-dependent and significantly reduced at radiation exposures of 7.5 Gy and greater. Submandibular function deteriorated between 3 and 40 days and the extent of hypofunction was comparable to the parotid gland at the latter time. Parotid and submandibular gland weights were reduced by irradiation in a dose-dependent manner at both 3 and 40 days. The effects were similar for both glands at the latter time. Total body weight was also reduced by the head and neck irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. There was significant mortality in the group receiving 15 Gy irradiation between 7 and 14 days after irradiation. The results demonstrate that parotid and submandibular glands may be affected comparably by equal doses of head and neck irradiation when examined at later times. In the period immediately after irradiation, there are significant differences in the responses of the major salivary glands.
Oral Insulin Delivery: Facts, Developments and Challenges (2009)

Diabetes mellitus is a group of syndromes characterized by hyperglycemia which could be managed and controlled through medication and Insulin The current advocacy of intensive insulin therapy regimens involving multiple daily subcutaneous injections places a heavy burden of compliance on patients and has prompted interest in developing alternative, less invasive routes of delivery. The oral route is considered to be the most convenient and desired route of drug delivery which will help eliminate the pain caused by injection, psychological barriers associated with multiple daily injections and possible infections. Oral delivery of Insulin as a non-invasive therapy for Diabetes Mellitus is still a challenge to the drug delivery technology, since it is degraded due to the presence of enzymes in the acidic environment of stomach and also its absorption through the gastrointestinal mucosa is questionable. In developing oral protein delivery systems with high bioavailability, various practical approaches might be most helpful like protecting insulin from enzymatic degradation, use of penetration enhancers , chemical modification, Bioadhesive delivery system, use of microspheres and nanoparticales to improve bioavailability of insulin. Despite, various techniques each having its own limitation and advantages, the oral route scores over the others for the ease of comfort with which the therapeutic agents can be administered to the patients work on attempts to deliver insulin orally has definitely gathered momentum and is no longer considered with pessimism to develop the oral insulin drug delivery system.
Interactions of Nickel(II) with Histones:  Interactions of Nickel(II) with CH<sub>3</sub>CO-Thr-Glu-Ser-His-His-Lys-NH<sub>2</sub>, a Peptide Modeling the Potential Metal Binding Site in the “C-Tail” Region of Histone H2A (1998)

A combined pH-metric and spectroscopic (UV/vis, CD, NMR) study of the Ni(II) binding to CH3CO-Thr-Glu-Ser-His-His-Lys-NH2 (AcTESHHKam), a blocked hexapeptide modeling a part of the C-terminal sequence of the major variant of histone H2A (residues 120-125), revealed the formation of a pseudo-octahedral NiHL complex in weakly acidic and neutral solutions. Ni(II) is bound to the peptide through imidazole nitrogens on both of its histidine residues and the carboxylate of the side chain of glutamic acid. At higher pH, a series of square-planar complexes are formed. This process is accompanied by hydrolytic degradation of the peptide. At pH 7.4, the peptide hydrolyzes in a Ni(II)-assisted fashion, yielding the square-planar Ni(II) complex of SHHKam as the sole product detected by CD, MALDI-TOF MS, and HPLC. Quantitative analysis of complex stabilities indicates that the -TESHHK- motif is a very likely binding site for carcinogenic Ni(II) ions in the cell nucleus. The Ni(II)-assisted hydrolysis of the C-terminal chain of histone H2A may provide a novel mechanism of genotoxicity combining the damage to the nucleosome with the generation of further toxic Ni(II) species.
Nucleic acid contamination of glycogen used in nucleic acid precipitation and assessment of linear polyacrylamide as an alternative co-precipitant (2009)

Molecular-grade glycogen is widely used to recover nanogram or picogram quantities of DNA and RNA across molecular biology applications in the life sciences. As a result, its purity is critical to obtain reliable results. Using agarose gel electrophoresis, we detected pg/microL (DNA) to ng/microL (RNA) concentrations of nucleic acid in two of the nine glycogen samples obtained from commercial suppliers. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene PCR-amplified products indicated that an additional two samples contained detectable contamination. We also tested a synthetic polymer co-precipitant, linear polyacrylamide (LPA); none of the four samples tested with LPA were detectably contaminated. The partial 16S rRNA gene sequence associated with the contaminated samples of the shellfish-derived glycogen was nearly identical to the sequence of Actinobacteria lwoffii, which has been isolated from mussels previously. By testing the recovery of low-nanogram amounts of DNA with multiple precipitants and simulated experimental conditions, we demonstrated that LPA was a preferable co-precipitant for sensitive protocols.
A Subranging-Based Nonuniform Sampling ADC With Sampling Event Filtering (2018)

We propose a two-stage subranging-based nonuniform sampling (NUS) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that preserves alias-free sampling and improves the effective voltage quantization resolution given the same number of comparators. The subranging architecture divides comparators into two stages (coarse and line); the voltage reference levels of the line stage are inserted between the coarse voltage reference levels in proximity to the input signal. A time-out mechanism is used to lilter out portions of nonuniformly sampled events while minimizing the impact on the lidelity of the reconstructed signal. A 65-nm CMOS prototype implements 15and 3-level voltage quantizers in the coarse and line stages, respectively, and achieves a spurious-free dynamic range 77 dB, an improvement of more than 15-dB compared to an 18-level flash-based NUS ADC with the same average sampling rate. The proposed architecture also reduces the hardware and the number of nonuniform samples by more than 2× when a flash-based NUS ADC architecture is utilized for the same effective voltage quantization resolution.
Direct current ablation destroys multi-stage fibrosarcomas in rats (2009)

Direct current ablation provides highly effective tumor destruction in a rat model. Slower growth of contralateral tumors suggests a remote effect that may involve the immune system.
Dopamine receptor gene expression by enkephalin neurons in rat forebrain. (1990)

In situ hybridization experiments were performed with brain sections from normal, control and haloperidol-treated rats to identify and map the cells expressing the D2 dopamine receptor gene. D2 receptor mRNA was detected with radioactive or biotinylated oligonucleotide probes. D2 receptor mRNA was present in glandular cells of the pituitary intermediate lobe and in neurons of the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and forebrain, especially in caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, and piriform cortex. Hybridization with D2 and preproenkephalin A probes in adjacent sections, as well as combined hybridization with the two probes in the same sections, demonstrated that all detectable enkephalin neurons in the striatum contained the D2 receptor mRNA. Large neurons in caudate putamen, which were unlabeled with the preproenkephalin A probe and which may have been cholinergic, also expressed the D2 receptor gene. Haloperidol treatment (14 or 21 days) provoked an increase in mRNA content for D2 receptor and preproenkephalin A in the striatum. This suggests that the increase in D2 receptor number observed after haloperidol treatment is due to increased activity of the D2 gene. These results indicate that in the striatum, the enkephalin neurons are direct targets for dopamine liberated from mesostriatal neurons.
Synthèses de microréacteurs à base de monolithes siliciques et zéolithiques à porosité hiérarchique pour le développement de la catalyse en flux (2011)

L'objectif de ce travail est la synthese et la fonctionnalisation de monolithes siliciques a porosite hierarchique et leur utilisation en tant que microreacteur en catalyse sous flux. Une synthese reproductible de monolithes siliciques a ete mise a point. La fonctionnalisation avec une variete de fonctions a ete realisee, telle que la fonctionnalisation avec des groupements aminopropyle, avec de l'oxyde d'aluminium, par incorporation des MOFs (CuBTC) et par depot de nanoparticules de palladium. Les monolithes fonctionnalises ont ete testes en tant que microreacteurs catalytiques sous flux pour les reactions de Knoevenagel, de Diels-Alder et de Friedlander et montrent dans plusieurs cas une augmentation de la productivite des reactions par rapport aux reacteurs batch ou a lit fixe ainsi qu'une automatisation des procedes. La transformation pseudomorphique de monolithes siliciques en monolithes zeolithiques en phase SOD et LTA a ete mise a point. Nous avons ainsi montre la premiere utilisation d'un monolithe macroporeux a base de zeolithes en tant que microreacteur pour la synthese de produits de chimie fine en continu. Les monolithes zeolithiques ont aussi ete analyses pour l'echange d'ions en dynamique et sont prometteurs pour une application en tant que materiaux pour la decontamination d'effluents radioactifs.
Limits to the efficiency of silicon multilayer thin film solar cells (2002)

Thin film crystalline silicon solar cells can only achieve high efficiencies if light trapping can be used to give a long optical path length, while simultaneously achieving near unity collection probabilities for all generated carriers. This necessitates a supporting substrate of a foreign material, with refractive index compatible with light trapping schemes for the silicon. The resulting inability to nucleate growth of crystalline silicon films of good crystallographic quality on such foreign substrates, prevents the achievement of high efficiency devices using conventional single junction solar cell structures. The parallel multijunction solar cell provides a new approach for achieving high efficiencies from very poor quality material, with near unity collection probabilities for all generated carriers achieved through appropriate junction spacing. Heavy doping is used to minimise the dark saturation current contribution from the layers, therefore allowing respectable voltages. The design strategy, corresponding advantages, theoretical predictions and experimental results are presented.
Motivating Annotation for Digital Photographs: Lowering Barriers While Raising Incentives (2004) (2005)

Frameworks for understanding annotation requirements could guide improved strategies that would motivate more users to invest the necessary effort. We propose one framework for annotation techniques along with the strengths and weaknesses of each one, and a second framework for target user groups and their motivations. Several applications are described that provide useful and information-rich representations, but which require good annotations, in the hope of providing incentives for high quality annotation. We describe how annotations make possible four novel presentations of photo collections: (1) Birthday Collage to show growth of a child over several years, (2) FamiliarFace to show family trees of photos, (3) Kaleidoscope to show photos of related people in an appeal tableau, and (4) TripPics to show photos from a sequential story such as a vacation trip.
Les ralliements du Pacifique en 1940 (2002)

Dans la legende gaulliste, les ralliements des Nouvelles-Hebrides, de Tahiti et de la Nouvelle-Caledonie s’expliquent par le patriotisme des habitants. La realite est plus complexe. Sans negliger l’attachement a la France, il y a des raisons qui tiennent a la vie politique, economique et religieuse. Les motifs de l’engagement dans le camp gaulliste changent egalement selon les groupes ethniques. L’isolement de ces terres dans l’immensite oceanienne explique aussi les ralliements a la France libre.
MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (2004)

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Two-Dimensional Orthogonal DCT Expansion in Trapezoid and Triangular Blocks and Modified JPEG Image Compression (2013)

In the conventional JPEG algorithm, an image is divided into eight by eight blocks and then the 2-D DCT is applied to encode each block. In this paper, we find that, in addition to rectangular blocks, the 2-D DCT is also orthogonal in the trapezoid and triangular blocks. Therefore, instead of eight by eight blocks, we can generalize the JPEG algorithm and divide an image into trapezoid and triangular blocks according to the shapes of objects and achieve higher compression ratio. Compared with the existing shape adaptive compression algorithms, as we do not try to match the shape of each object exactly, the number of bytes used for encoding the edges can be less and the error caused from the high frequency component at the boundary can be avoided. The simulations show that, when the bit rate is fixed, our proposed algorithm can achieve higher PSNR than the JPEG algorithm and other shape adaptive algorithms. Furthermore, in addition to the 2-D DCT, we can also use our proposed method to generate the 2-D complete and orthogonal sine basis, Hartley basis, Walsh basis, and discrete polynomial basis in a trapezoid or a triangular block.