gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional object layout for separate compilation (1995)

Existing schemes for object layout and dispatch in the presence of multiple inheritance and separate compilation waste space and are slower than systems with single inheritance. This paper describes the bidirectional object layout , a new scheme for object layout that produces smaller objects and faster method invocations than existing schemes by automatically optimizing particular uses of multiple inheritance. The bidirectional object layout is used for the programming language Theta, and is applicable to languages like C++. This paper also demonstrates how to efficiently implement method dispatch when method signatures are allowed to change in subclasses. Most current statically compiled languages require identical signatures for efficiency.
Emulating electric vehicle regenerative and friction braking effect using a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) motor/dynamometer test bench (2014)

This paper provides a new approach for emulating electric vehicle (EV) braking performance on a motor/dynamometer test bench. The brake force distribution between regenerative braking and friction braking of both the front and rear axles are discussed in detail. A brake controller is designed, which represents a very close model of an actual EV braking system and takes into account both regenerative and friction braking limitations. The proposed brake controller is then integrated into the existing controller of an EV Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) test bench, and its performance is validated in real-time using the same experimental setup.
Preprocedural Level of Soluble CD40L Is Predictive of Enhanced Inflammatory Response and Restenosis After Coronary Angioplasty (2003)

We conclude that increased sCD40L is associated with late restenosis after PTCA. This may provide an important biochemical link between restenosis and aspirin-insensitive platelet activation. These results provide a rationale for studies with new antiplatelet treatments in patients who underwent PTCA.
Growing Hyperbranched Polymers Using Natural Sunlight (2013)

In nature, a sapling can grow into a big tree under irradiation of sunlight. In chemistry, a similar concept that a small molecule only exposing to sunlight grows into a hyperbranched macromolecule has not been realized by now. The achievement of the concept will be fascinating and valuable for polymer synthesis wherein sunlight is inexpensive, abundant, renewable, and nonpolluting. Herein, we report a new strategy in which small monomers can directly grow into big hyperbranched macromolecule under irradiation of sunlight without any catalyst.
Clear Vision (1992)

The photograph accompanying the News item "MIT techies help keep the America's Cup" (Random Samples, 29 May, p. 1277) shows the boat Stars and Stripes, not America(3), as was stated in the caption.
Comparison of three auto-adjusting positive pressure devices in patients with sleep apnoea (2006)

Auto-adjustable continuous positive airway pressure (APAP) devices are an emerging treatment alternative to fixed-pressure continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. They have been engineered to automatically adjust the pressure to the optimal level on a continuous basis. However, not all APAP technologies use the same algorithm. Three different APAP devices (Autoset Spirit, Breas PV 10i and RemStar Auto) were compared in a randomised crossover trial in patients already established on fixed-pressure CPAP therapy. The outcome measures were compliance, quality of life and side-effects. Twenty-seven middle-aged patients (25 male) previously diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (median (interquartile range) apnoea/hypopnoea index 48 (29-76)), established on CPAP therapy for >3 yrs, were randomised to each APAP device for 4 weeks. Mean pressure and patient compliance were significantly lower on the Breas PV 10i than on the other APAP devices. The devices were similar in terms of quality of life, daytime sleepiness and upper airway side-effects, but patients evaluated them significantly differently in terms of device features, sleep quality and pressure comfort, with the Breas PV 10i being the least popular. Auto-adjustable positive airway pressure devices differ in pressure delivery and patient compliance in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients.
Super-Imposed Training Scheme for Timing and Frequency Synchronization in OFDM Systems (2007)

In this paper, a super-imposed scheme for timing and frequency synchronization is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed architecture includes a pre-defined pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, which is added to both the OFDM symbol and the cyclic prefix (CP) in time domain. In contrast to existing synchronization schemes, the proposed architecture has the advantage of better bandwidth utilization since it does not require extra pilot symbols. The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is also significantly decreased. Both the timing and frequency offset estimators are derived using the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. Simulation experiments are also conducted in frequency selective fading channels. Moreover, the optimal power allocation factor of the PN sequence is determined by minimizing the bit error rate using simulation experiments.
Developing baxter (2013)

This paper provides insight into the process that engineers at Rethink Robotics are using to develop a user-friendly experience for Baxter, a new industrial robot with common sense. For the purpose of this paper, the user experience centers around three core areas of development: the functionality of the robot, the intuitive UI and Use Cases being tested, along with the ensuing applications for the initial release of the robot's software. Personas aid UI designers in establishing accurate assumptions about users and Use Cases enable Software Quality Assurance engineers to test Baxter on real world applications to ensure that the robot successfully performs the types of tasks that are needed by U.S. Manufacturers. The paper also includes a number of customer applications that are well suited for Baxter.
Hepatoma-derived growth factor as a prognostic marker in completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer (2005)

Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), unrelated to hepatocyte growth factor, is a heparin-binding protein originally purified from human hepatoma HuH-7 cells. HDGF exhibits mitogenic activities for certain hepatoma cells, fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells, and angiogenic activities through nuclear targeting. Recently, HDGF was found to be a mitogen for lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. This suggests that HDGF may play a critical role in the development and progression of lung cancer. We investigated, immunohistochemically, the relationship between HDGF expression and clinicopathological variables, and the prognostic significance of HDGF in 102 patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC: 70 adenocarcinomas and 32 squamous cell carcinomas). To address the mechanism of action of HDGF, we evaluated the contribution of HDGF to tumor cell proliferation and intratumor angiogenesis using anti-Ki-67 and anti-CD31 antibodies, respectively. HDGF expression was strongly detected in the nucleus of cancer cells; the HDGF-labeling index (LI) was 20-95% (median 64.5%). There was no significant association between HDGF-expression level and clinicopathological variables. Patients with NSCLC showing a high HDGF-LI (> or =65%) had significantly worse overall and disease-free survivals than those with NSCLC showing a low HDGF-LI. Multivariate analysis revealed that HDGF is a significant independent prognostic factor, more powerful than pathological stage. Moreover, HDGF expression correlated with Ki-67-LI and intratumor microvessel density. We consider HDGF as a useful prognostic marker for patients with completely resected NSCLC and it may play a critical role in the pathobiology of lung cancer through its mitogenic and angiogenic activities.
Women’s Sexual Desire and Arousal Disorders (2010)

Specific recommendations for the assessment and treatment of women's desire, arousal, and orgasm disorders are forwarded; however, more research into these domains is needed.
Dissolution mechanism of semicrystalline poly(vinyl alcohol) in water (1996)

Changes occurring in the degree of crystallinity and lamellar thickness distribution of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) samples during dissolution in water were investigated. PVA samples of three different molecular weights were crystallized by annealing at 90, 110, and 120°C. The initial degrees of crystallinity measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) varied from 43 to 60% and the average lamellar thicknesses measured by DSC ranged from 50 to 400 Å. PVA dissolution was followed at 25, 35, and 45°C from 30 s up to 195 min. Lamellar thicknesses were determined as a function of dissolution time using DSC. There was an initial drastic decrease in the degree of crystallinity, which leveled off to a fairly constant value before reaching zero by the time the polymer dissolved completely. Increase in molecular weight led to lesser number of crystals, but with larger average lamellar thickness, which were more stable in the presence of water. Increase in crystallization temperature or decrease in dissolution temperature led to larger average lamellar thickness. Based on these findings, a dissolution mechanism involving unfolding of the polymer chains of the crystal was proposed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Development of Accreditation Standards in Computing/Technology Education. (1994)

AbstractThe International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) has developed National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) accreditation standards for the following types of college/university-based teacher endorsement and degree programs: computer/technology literacy endorsement, basic secondary computer science education endorsement, basic secondary education bachelors degree programs, and educational computing and technology masters programs. These programs are designed to prepare teachers and leaders in the area of computer/technology education. This article describes the processes used in identifying possible accreditation guidelines; obtaining input from computer/technology educators from around the United States, Canada, and other parts of the world; and in obtaining NCATE approval of the standards.
Tools for real-time signal-processing research (1993)

The use of digital signal processing (DSP) devices for real-time communication applications is discussed. The authors comment on distinguishing aspects of DSP architecture, describing not so much individual processors as those features common to DSPs and distinct from modern general-purpose processors. They describe three DSP32xx-based machines that support DSP algorithm implementation: SURF-board, HoBo, and DSP3. They also described rtpi, a source-code debugger for workstations and for the AT&T DSP32C signal-processor integrated circuit, and dspx, a collection of subroutines and host programs that provides an execution environment for DSPs akin to the UNIX environment. These tools facilitate the transfer of algorithms from mainframes or workstations to DSP hardware. Included are case studies of two real-time implementations: the low-delay CELP (LD-CELP) speech coder and the decoder side of the perceptual audio coder (PAC), an algorithm that compresses CD-quality audio into a 128-kb/s stream without perceptible distortion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancement of Interferon-  Production in Glycyrrhizin-Treated Human Peripheral Lymphocytes in Response to Concanavalin A and to Surface Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus (1986)

The effects of glycyrrhizin, a component of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) roots, on the production of interferon-gamma in human peripheral lymphocyte-macrophage cultures by concanavalin A (Con A) was examined. Interferon-gamma production in normal lymphocyte-macrophage cultures treated with 10 to 100 micrograms/ml of glycyrrhizin at 37 degrees C for 12 hr or longer, and then treated with 10 micrograms/ml of Con A, was enhanced four to eight times compared to control cell cultures. Lymphocyte-macrophage cultures treated with 10 to 100 micrograms/ml of glycyrrhizin alone did not produce interferon. No significant difference in the adsorption of [3H]Con A to glycyrrhizin-treated and control lymphocyte-macrophage cultures was found, but RNA and protein synthesis of the treated lymphocytes was increased compared to control cells; DNA synthesis, however, was reduced. Collaboration between enriched T-lymphocytes and macrophages, both treated with glycyrrhizin, was needed for the enhancement of interferon-gamma production. A smaller increase in interferon production was also observed in the glycyrrhizin-treated peripheral lymphocyte-macrophage cultures derived from an asymptomatic carrier of hepatitis B virus, in response to Con A and surface antigen of hepatitis B virus.
Business Models of the Web 2.0: Advertising or The Tale of Two Stories (2008)

Web 2.0 services have experienced a very strong growth in the last 4 years, and now account for a large part of the global internet audience. The development of these services comes with a deep transformation in Web uses which may prefigure the future of media in an ultrabroadband world. The perennial nature of Web 2.0 services crucially relies on their capability to build profitable business models. Today, advertising is the main source of revenue for Web 2.0 sites; however advertising revenues are weak and disappointing, especially related to their audience. The aim of this paper is to provide an economic understanding of the situation and to investigate the strategies of economic players (site managers, ad networks and ad servers) in order to improve advertising revenues on Web 2.0 sites. We present two different stories about the effect of internet on advertising, specific problems encountered on Web 2.0 sites and effective ways to monetize Web 2.0 audiences. Each story builds upon a different theoretical framework: the economic analysis of advertising and the socio-economic approach to worlds of production.
Healing diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers: are we getting better? (2004)

Abstract Aim To benchmark by year the likelihood that an individual with a diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer will heal over more than a 10‐year period. Patients and methods A cohort study within a multicentre wound care network of individuals with a diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer who were treated by a standard wound care algorithm. The main outcome was a healed wound by the 20th week of care stratified by calendar year. Results We evaluated 27 193 individuals with a neuropathic foot ulcer. Between 1988 and 1990 approximately 66% of patients did not heal. By 1999 this percentage had decreased to 49%. The change in the rate of failure to heal is very closely associated with an increase over time in the proportion of patients seen with wounds identified as prognostically favourable using a previously published prognostic model (i.e. individuals with wounds ≤ 2 cm 2 , wounds ≤ 2 months old, and wounds of grade ≤ 2). Nevertheless, even among those most likely to heal, the likelihood of failing to heal went from 62% prior to 1991 to 32% in 2000. Conclusions We have shown that individuals with a diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer seeking care are more likely to heal today than 10 years ago. The primary reason for this improvement is that individuals are seeking care when their wounds are most easily treated and these are now more likely to heal.
[Effect of propiverine hydrochloride on the function of the bladder in dogs]. (1989)

Propiverine hydrochloride (P-4) is a new derivative of benzilic acid. The effect of P-4 on the function of the bladder in anesthetized dogs was studied in comparison with flavoxate, which is clinically used for the treatment of pollakiuria. P-4 (4 mg/kg, i.v.) caused a significant increase in maximum vesical volume (Vmax), which was estimated by a cystometrogram. A similar effect was also observed following intravenous administration of verapamil (1 mg/kg), while flavoxate (4 mg/kg, i.v.) caused no significant changes in Vmax. P-4 significantly decreased the frequency of rhythmic bladder contractions at doses higher than 1 mg/kg, i.v., whereas flavoxate first revealed a significant decrease at 4 mg/kg, i.v. Thus the inhibitory effect of P-4 on the micturition movements of the bladder is more potent than that of flavoxate. These findings indicate that P-4 is a useful drug for the treatment of pollakiuria.
Herc5, an Interferon-induced HECT E3 Enzyme, Is Required for Conjugation of ISG15 in Human Cells (2005)

ISG15 is an interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta-induced ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to cellular proteins during innate immune responses to viral and bacterial infections. A recent proteomics study identified 158 human proteins targeted for ISG15 conjugation, including the ISG15 E1 and E2 enzymes (Ube1L and UbcH8, respectively) and a HECT E3 enzyme, Herc5. Like the genes encoding Ube1L and UbcH8, expression of Herc5 was also induced by IFN-beta, suggesting that Herc5 might be a component of the ISG15 conjugation system. Consistent with this, small interfering RNAs targeting Herc5 had a dramatic effect on overall ISG15 conjugation in human cells, abrogating conjugation to the vast majority of ISG15 target proteins in vivo. In addition, co-transfection of plasmids expressing ISG15, Ube1L, UbcH8, and Herc5 resulted in robust ISG15 conjugation in non-IFN-treated cells, while the active-site cysteine mutant of Herc5 or a mutant lacking the RCC1 repeat region did not support ISG15 conjugation. These results demonstrate that Herc5 is required for conjugation of ISG15 to a broad spectrum of target proteins in human cells.
Health Effects of Pollution (1987)

The effects of air pollution with the effects of water and chemical pollutions are explained. The quality of life is dependant mainly on the quality of air. The death rate is higher in cases of air pollution than any other type of pollution. The carbonmonoxide emerging out of the vehicles and the smoking habits are the main causes of air being polluted leading to harmful disease or even death.
Introduction (1987)

The simplest definition of politics is the struggle for power over people. It is a very widespread activity and it does not just take place in national elections or inside the Kremlin or in party caucuses or in all the thousands of much-publicised gatherings that we are accustomed to think of as specifically political. It starts on school playgrounds and it is not unknown in old people's homes. It happens in universities, in churches, in corporations, in hospitals, in tennis-clubs, in the armed forces: in every group, however small, however private, however specialised, which offers to the ambitious a chance to exercise power over people.KeywordsPrime MinisterPolitical SystemTrade UnionPolitical InstitutionCommunist PartyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Medical microbiology: By C. G. A. Thomas. 1973. 3rd ed. London: BaillieGre Tindall. (1974)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
A simple method to assess loadability of radial distribution networks (2005)

This paper proposes a simple method to asses loadability in radial distribution systems. The relevant problem of voltage stability has been dealt with in past times with reference to higher voltage systems for generation and transmission. In more recent papers, the problem has been considered also at distribution level, since the new electrical energy market requirements and the increasing loadings are now more and more influencing these systems.
All-N-logic high-speed true-single-phase dynamic CMOS logic (1996)

In this paper, a novel all-N-logic single-phase high speed dynamic CMOS logic is introduced and analyzed. The circuits achieve high speed by eliminating the need for the low-speed P-logic blocks. The use of all-N-logic allows the speed of the proposed circuits to be two to three times the speed of conventional CMOS dynamic circuits. An 2:1 frequency divider, using proposed ANL2 circuits, is simulated using 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with the operating clock frequency reaching as high as 1.5 GHz. A pipelined 8-b carry generator of five-stacked NMOS transistors, which operates at a clock rate of over 710 MHz, has also been simulated. Experimental results show that the proposed circuits operate over 910 MHz implemented in a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
BESOI-Based Integrated Optical Silicon Accelerometer (2004)

The design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of a new integrated optical accelerometer is presented in this paper. The reduction of fabrication, packaging and thermomechanical stresses are considered by keeping the weak mechanical parts free of stresses. The mechanical sensor consists on a quad beam structure with one single mass. In addition, there are two waveguides on the frame of the chip self-aligned to one on the mass of the accelerometer. Four lateral beams increase the mechanical sensitivity and allow the flat displacement of the optical waveguides on the mass. The working principle is based on the variation of the output light intensity versus the acceleration due to the misalignment of the waveguides. The devices have been optimized by the finite-element method to obtain a mechanical sensitivity of 1 /spl mu/m/g. The fabrication technology is based on BESOI wafers combining bulk an surface micromachining. Moreover, machined glass wafers with cavities are bonded to the silicon wafer for packaging and damping control. Special packaging considerations as dicing, polishing and alignment are also presented. Optical measurements at 633 nm shown an optical sensitivity of 2.3 dB/g for negative and 1.7 dB/g for positive acceleration. This difference in the sensitivity has been demonstrated as a consequence of the passivation layer located over the core of the waveguides.
On the energy aware deployment strategy in cellular systems (2010)

The rapid evolution of telecoms industry is accompanied by a huge increase of energy consumption of mobile networks, which forces the operators to exploit the potential of new techniques to save energy. In this paper, we propose a novel deployment strategy which is able to adapt itself to the spatial variation of the traffic by enhancing the cell radius in the low traffic areas, while the target quality of service (QoS) is still satisfied. Thus, the number of base stations deployed in the low traffic areas is reduced. Since the base station is the most energy-intensive equipment in cellular networks, this reduction naturally leads to significant energy savings for the entire cellular system.