gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Doppler spectroscopy of OH in the photodissociation of hydrogen peroxide (1986)

The photofragmentation of hydrogen peroxide has been investigated at an excitation wavelength of 266 nm using polarized laser beams. Doppler spectroscopy in connection with the laser induced fluorescence technique was applied to determine the nascent translational distribution of OH products. The hydroxyl radicals are formed in their electronic ground state, X 2Π3/2,1/2. The released energy is transformed almost exclusively in translation of these photoproducts. The Q1(4) transition in OH(X 2Π3/2→A 2Σ+) was used to study the anisotropic angular distribution of recoiling OH photofragments and analyzed to obtain information about the lifetime and symmetry of the excited dissociative state. The Doppler profiles for different directions of the electric field vectors of dissociation and probe laser relative to the detector axis have been determined for two different geometries. The angular distribution measured by Doppler spectroscopy, peaks in the direction perpendicular to the electric vector of the dissociating laser light, indicating that the predominant electronic excited state in H2O2 must be of 1A symmetry. An upper limit for the lifetime τ of the excited H2O2 parent molecule before dissociation is τ≤6×10−14 s.
Control of Symptoms in Patients with Me´nie`re's Disease Using Middle Ear Pressure Applications: Two Years Follow-up (2001)

The effects of middle ear pressure pulses were studied in 37 patients with a diagnosis of definite Meniere's disease and active vestibular symptoms, 31 of whom had failed to respond to medical treatment including diuretics prior to pressure treatment. The number of vertigo spells during the 6 months prior to treatment and for 6, 18 and 24 months after the start of treatment were evaluated. The functionality level scores were three or worse according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) criteria. The results of the study were as follows: 19 patients experienced freedom from vertigo spells; 15 patients reported a significant decrease in the frequency of vertigo spells; and 3 patients did not respond to pressure treatment and were subjected to gentamicin injections, I of whom consequently became deaf in the affected ear. No patient became worse in connection with pressure treatment. With the exception of the three patients who did not respond to pressure treatment, all patients reported an improvement in functionality of at least two levels according to the AAO-HNS functionality scale. No side effects or adverse events were observed during the 2 years of pressure treatment. Overall, the results indicate that pressure treatment provides efficient control of symptoms in patients with intractable forms of Ménière's disease without producing any adverse effects on the inner ear.
Intrapericardial instillation of platin in malignant pericardial effusion (1988)

Six patients (four men and two women) affected by malignant pericardial effusion, as confirmed by cytologic examination, were treated with direct intrapericardial administration of cisplatin. Median age was 36.8 years (range, 18 to 56 years). After insertion of a radiopaque polyurethane catheter (Centracath Vygon, Laboratoires Pharmaceutiques, Vygon-Ecouen, France), fluid was drained and cisplatin (10 mg in 20 ml of normal saline) was instilled over 5 minutes on 5 consecutive days (total cisplatin dose, 50 mg). At the end of the course, the catheter was withdrawn. Courses were repeated every 2 or 3 weeks in case of fluid reaccumulation. The median number of courses was two, with a range of one to three courses. Three patients achieved complete response and all three died of primary disease progression without evidence of pericardial recurrence or stricture. Mild nausea occurred in all patients. No hematologic and renal toxicity and local or infectious complications were observed.
Lipases from <i>Candida </i><i>a</i><i>ntarctica</i>: Unique Biocatalysts from a Unique Origin (2002)

The specificity of the A-lipase from Candida antarctica (CALA) has been characterized to further clarify the scope of the biocatalyst. The lipase was found to exhibit an almost uniform activity towards various straight-chained primary alcohols and carboxylic acids, only exhibiting a low activity towards very short-chained acids. More interestingly, the enzyme was found to exhibit a high activity towards a surprising diversity of sterically hindered alcohols, including both secondary and tertiary alcohols. These results indicate that CALA can have a unique applicability for the conversion of highly branched substrates where most other lipases fail to display any activity. A new, potentially highly cost-effective, immobilization technology using silica-based granulation has been applied in the immobilization of the B-lipase from the same yeast (CALB). Highly stable particles were obtained with an activity comparable to that of the commercially available immobilized preparations of this enzyme.
Traffic routing for multicomputer networks with virtual cut-through capability (1992)

The problem of selecting routes for interprocess communication in a network with virtual cut-through capability while balancing the network load and minimizing the number of times that a message gets buffered is addressed. The approach taken is to formulate the route selection problem as a minimization problem, with a link cost function that depends upon the traffic through the link. The form of this cost function is derived based on the probability of establishing a virtual cut-through route. It is shown that this route selection problem is NP-hard, and an approximate algorithm is developed which tries to incrementally reduce the cost by rerouting traffic. The performance of this algorithm is evaluated for the hypercube and the C-wrapped hexagonal mesh, example networks for which virtual cut-through switching support has been developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nanoscale TiB/sub 2/-dispersed Cu-matrix composite produced by a high-energy milling and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis process (2006)

Nanocomposite Cu-TiB/sub 2/ powder was in situ synthesized by means of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) using high-energy ball milled Ti-B-Cu elemental mixtures as powder precursors. The effect of the preliminary mechanical treatment on the SHS reaction was studied. The size of TiB/sub 2/ particles produced by SHS was shown to decrease with increasing duration of the preliminary mechanical treatment. Subsequent mechanical treatment of the SHS products led to a reduction of TiB/sub 2/ particle sizes down to 30-50 nm. The microstructural evolution of the synthesized powder compacts during sintering was investigated. During spark plasma sintering a fine-grained skeleton of TiB/sub 2/ with well connected particles is formed. This interpenetrating phase composite of Cu-TiB/sub 2/ is produced by the simultaneous action of pressure, temperature and electrical current. TiB/sub 2/ nanoparticles distributed in the copper matrix agglomerate and form a fine-grained skeleton.
Molecular Shapes, Orientation, and Packing of Polyoxometalate Arrays Imaged by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1998)

Reported here are both STM images and spatially resolved tunneling spectra of four different polyoxometalate (POM) structural class members: Keggin structure, H(3)[PW(12)O(40)] (spherical); Finke-Droege (FD) structure, Na(16)[Cu(4)(H(2)O)(2)(P(2)W(15)O(56))(2)] (prolate spheroidal); Wells-Dawson (WD) structure, H(7)[P(2)Mo(17)VO(62)] (prolate spheroidal); and Pope-Jeannin-Preyssler (PJP) structure, K(12.5)Na(1.5)[NaP(5)W(30)O(110)] and (NH(4))(14) [NaP(5)W(30)O(110)] (oblate spheroidal). In all four cases, the results demonstrate the formation of well-ordered 2-D inorganic POM anion arrays (composed of catalytically active molecular constituents) on graphite. Importantly, the image shapes and lattice spacings accurately reflect the POM anisotropies, permitting the determination of anion orientation with respect to the surface plane.
Induction linear accelerator technology for SDIO applications (1986)

The research effort reported concentrated primarily on three major activities. The first was aimed at improvements in the accelerator drive system of an induction linac to meet the high repetition rate requirements of SDI applications. The second activity centered on a redesign of the accelerator cells to eliminate the beam breakup instabilities, resulting in optimized beam transport. The third activity sought to improve the source of electrons to achieve a higher quality beam to satisfy the requirement of the free electron laser. (LEW)
Photocuring of Acrylate Oligomers in the Presence of Vinyl Phosphonic Acids as a Flame Retarding Monomer and the Properties of the Cured Films (2001)

Photocuring of formulations containing polyurethane based acrylates and a flame retarding monomer (FR), namely vinyl phosphonic acid with an a -cleavage type photoinitiator; 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl propane-1-one were studied. The flame retardancy, and the physical and mechanical properties of the cured films were determined.
The MiniPET: a didactic PET system (2013)

The MiniPET project aims to design and build a small PET system. It consists of two 4 ? 4 matrices of 16 LYSO scintillator crystals and two PMTs with 16 channels resulting in a low cost system with the essential functionality of a clinical PET instrument. It is designed to illustrate the physics of the PET technique and to provide a didactic platform for the training of students and nuclear imaging professionals as well as for scientific outreach. The PET modules can be configured to test for the coincidence of 511 keV gamma rays. The model has a flexible mechanical setup [1] and can simulate 14 diferent ring geometries, from a configuration with as few as 18 detectors per ring (ring radius =51 mm), up to a geometry with 70 detectors per ring (=200 mm). A second version of the electronic system [2] allowed measurement and recording of the energy deposited in 4 detector channels by photons from a 137Cs radioactive source and by photons resulting of the annihilation of positrons from a 22Na radioactive source. These energy spectra are used for detector performance studies, as well as angular dependency studies. In this paper, the mechanical setup, the front-end high-speed analog electronics, the digital acquisition and control electronics implemented in a FPGA, as well as the data-transfer interface between the FPGA board and a host PC are described. Recent preliminary results obtained with the 4 active channels in the prototype are also presented.
Parametric combustion modeling for ethanol-gasoline fuelled spark ignition engines (2010)

Ethanol-gasoline fuel blends are increasingly being used in spark ignition (SI) engines due to continued growth in renewable fuels as part of a growing renewable portfolio standard (RPS). This leads to the need for a simple and accurate ethanol-gasoline blends combustion model that is applicable to one-dimensional engine simulation. A parametric combustion model has been developed, integrated into an engine simulation tool, and validated using SI engine experimental data. The parametric combustion model was built inside a user compound in GT-Power. In this model, selected burn durations were computed using correlations as functions of physically based non-dimensional groups that have been developed using the experimental engine database over a wide range of ethanol-gasoline blends, engine geometries, and operating conditions. A coefficient of variance (COV) of gross indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) correlation was also added to the parametric combustion model. This correlation enables the cycle combustion variation modeling as a function of engine geometry and operating conditions. The computed burn durations were then used to fit single and double Wiebe functions. The single-Wiebe parametric combustion compound used the least squares method to compute the single-Wiebe parameters, while the double-Wiebe parametric combustion compound used an analytical solution to compute the double-Wiebe parameters. These compounds were then integrated into the engine model in GT-Power through the multi-Wiebe combustion template in which the values of Wiebe parameters (single-Wiebe or double-Wiebe) were sensed via RLT-dependence. The parametric combustion models were validated by overlaying the simulated pressure trace from GT-Power on to experimentally measured pressure traces. A thermodynamic engine model was also developed to study the effect of fuel blends, engine geometries and operating conditions on both the burn durations and COV of gross IMEP simulation results.
Reagents for the preparation and cleavage of 1,3-dithiolanes (2000)

Data on procedures for protection of the carbonyl group by its conversion into the 1,3-dithiolane moiety and on cleavage of the latter under the action of different reagents are surveyed. The preparation of 1,3-dithiolanes from carbonyl compounds followed by deprotection can be used in syntheses of various organic compounds. The bibliography includes 54 references.
Role of sphingosine-1 phosphate in the enhancement of endothelial barrier integrity by platelet-released products (2003)

In vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that circulating platelets affect both vascular integrity and hemostasis. How platelets enhance the permeability barrier of the vascular endothelium is not well understood. We measured the effect of isolated human platelets on human pulmonary artery endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity by monitoring transmonolayer electrical resistance. EC barrier function was significantly increased by the addition of platelets ( approximately 40% maximum, 2.5 x 106 platelets/ml). Platelet supernatants, derived from 2.5 x 106 platelets/ml, reproduced the barrier enhancement and reversed the barrier dysfunction produced by the edemagenic agonist thrombin, which implicates a soluble barrier-promoting factor. The barrier-enhancing effect of platelet supernatants was heat stable but was attenuated by either charcoal delipidation (suggesting a vasoactive lipid mediator) or pertussis toxin, implying involvement of a Gialpha-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid that is released from activated platelets, is known to ligate G protein-coupled EC differentiation gene (EDG) receptors, increase EC electrical resistance, and reorganize the actin cytoskeleton (Garcia JG, Liu F, Verin AD, Birukova A, Dechert MA, Gerthoffer WT, Bamberg JR, and English D. J Clin Invest 108: 689-701, 2001). Infection of EC with an adenoviral vector expressing an antisense oligonucleotide directed against EDG-1 but not infection with control vector attenuated the barrier-enhancing effect of both platelet supernatants and S1P. These results indicate that a major physiologically relevant vascular barrier-protective mediator produced by human platelets is S1P.
Polymer micro piezo valve with a small dead volume (2003)

10.1088/0960-1317/14/2/020
MEK Inhibitor PD-0325901 Overcomes Resistance to CK2 Inhibitor CX-4945 and Exhibits Anti-Tumor Activity in Head and Neck Cancer (2015)

The serine-threonine kinase CK2 exhibits genomic alterations and aberrant overexpression in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Here, we investigated the effects of CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 in human HNSCC cell lines and xenograft models. The IC50's of CX-4945 for 9 UM-SCC cell lines measured by MTT assay ranged from 3.4-11.9 μM. CX-4945 induced cell cycle arrest and cell death measured by DNA flow cytometry, and inhibited prosurvival mediators phospho-AKT and p-S6 in UM-SCC1 and UM-SCC46 cells. CX-4945 decreased NF-κB and Bcl-XL reporter gene activities in both cell lines, but upregulated proapoptotic TP53 and p21 reporter activities, and induced phospho-ERK, AP-1, and IL-8 activity in UM-SCC1 cells. CX-4945 exhibited modest anti-tumor activity in UM-SCC1 xenografts. Tumor immunostaining revealed significant inhibition of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway and increased apoptosis marker TUNEL, but also induced p-ERK, c-JUN, JUNB, FOSL1 and proliferation (Ki67) markers, as a possible resistance mechanism. To overcome the drug resistance, we tested MEK inhibitor PD-0325901 (PD-901), which inhibited ERK-AP-1 activation alone and in combination with CX-4945. PD-901 alone displayed significant anti-tumor effects in vivo, and the combination of PD-901 and CX-4945 slightly enhanced anti-tumor activity when compared with PD-901 alone. Immunostaining of tumor specimens after treatment revealed inhibition of p-AKT S129 and p-AKT T308 by CX-4945, and inhibition of p-ERK T202/204 and AP-1 family member FOSL-1 by PD-901. Our study reveals a drug resistance mechanism mediated by the MEK-ERK-AP-1 pathway in HNSCC. MEK inhibitor PD-0325901 is active in HNSCC resistant to CX-4945, meriting further clinical investigation.
Pyrazole addition to Δ<sup>1</sup>-azirines. Structure of purported 2:1 adducts of Δ<sup>1</sup>-azirines with sym-tetrazines (1974)

The previously unestablished structure of purported 2:1 adducts isolated from the reaction of Δ1-azirines with s-tetrazines is now shown to be identical with the aziridine derivatives resulting from thermally promoted addition of pyrazoles to Δ1-azirines.
Studies on the glycemic and lipidemic effect of atenolol and propranolol in normal and diabetic rats. (1994)

The effects of the non-selective beta-blocker propranolol (CAS 525-66-6) and the cardioselective drug atenolol (CAS 29122-68-7) on serum glucose, insulin levels and some serum lipid components, were compared in normal and diabetic rats receiving glibenclamide. The two beta-blockers, when administered concurrently with glibenclamide in normal rats, exerted a significant hypoglycemic effect (p < 0.01), while in diabetic rats the two drugs caused a more significant decrease (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, resp.). Serum insulin levels were mainly unaffected by the two beta-blockers. Propranolol was found to exhibit a hypolipidemic effect in diabetic rats when administered alone or in combination with glibenclamide. In comparison atenolol, when used alone, exerted a significant increase in triglycerides and total lipid levels (p < 0.05) in normal rats. This effect was masked when atenolol was administered concurrently with glibenclamide, but a hypercholesterolemic effect (p < 0.01) was noticed. Paradoxically in diabetic rats, atenolol caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in triglycerides level, while its combined use with glibenclamide showed no effect.
Postoperative therapy modalities for cervical carcinoma. (2006)

Currently, the standard therapy for cervical carcinoma of FIGO stage IIB following adequate radical surgery is simultaneous radiochemotherapy with a platinous chemotherapeutic agent. According to the current state of scientific knowledge, all patients of FIGO stages IIA-IB with at least one additional risk factor (adenocarcinoma, pN1, L1, V1, pT1b2) also benefit from adjuvant radiochemotherapy. Various studies have shown that it is possible to successfully carry out a platinous radiochemotherapy. However, one disadvantage is that a number of patients have to break off therapy because of treatment-related toxicities. It has also been proven that a low hemoglobin level during radiochemotherapy is a negative prognostic factor for overall survival. The data regarding a possible survival advantage following an increase in the hemoglobin content in the blood of cancer patients by erythropoietin administration is still contradictory. As a result, the administration of new cytostatics, platinous combination chemotherapies, sequential instead of simultaneous regimens and appropriate supportive therapies have to be taken into account. Several studies are currently being conducted into the effectiveness of such new therapies on both life expectancy and quality of life (e.g., Cervix-NOGGO-AGO-Uterus 7-study).
Morsel-driven parallelism (2014)

With modern computer architecture evolving, two problems conspire against the state-of-the-art approaches in parallel query execution: (i) to take advantage of many-cores, all query work must be distributed evenly among (soon) hundreds of threads in order to achieve good speedup, yet (ii) dividing the work evenly is difficult even with accurate data statistics due to the complexity of modern out-of-order cores. As a result, the existing approaches for plan-driven parallelism run into load balancing and context-switching bottlenecks, and therefore no longer scale. A third problem faced by many-core architectures is the decentralization of memory controllers, which leads to Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA). In response, we present the morsel-driven query execution framework, where scheduling becomes a fine-grained run-time task that is NUMA-aware. Morsel-driven query processing takes small fragments of input data (morsels) and schedules these to worker threads that run entire operator pipelines until the next pipeline breaker. The degree of parallelism is not baked into the plan but can elastically change during query execution, so the dispatcher can react to execution speed of different morsels but also adjust resources dynamically in response to newly arriving queries in the workload. Further, the dispatcher is aware of data locality of the NUMA-local morsels and operator state, such that the great majority of executions takes place on NUMA-local memory. Our evaluation on the TPC-H and SSB benchmarks shows extremely high absolute performance and an average speedup of over 30 with 32 cores.
β2‐Adrenoreceptors of regulatory lymphocytes are essential for vagal neuromodulation of the innate immune system (2011)

The nervous system is classically organized into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems acting in opposition to maintain physiological homeostasis. Here, we report that both systems converge in the activation of β2-adrenoceptors of splenic regulatory lymphocytes to control systemic inflammation. Vagus nerve stimulation fails to control serum TNF levels in either β2-knockout or lymphocyte-deficient nude mice. Unlike typical suppressor CD25(+) cells, the transfer of CD4(+)CD25(-) regulatory lymphocytes reestablishes the anti-inflammatory potential of the vagus nerve and β2-agonists to control inflammation in both β2-knockout and nude mice. β2-Agonists inhibit cytokine production in splenocytes (IC(50)≈ 1 μM) and prevent systemic inflammation in wild-type but not in β2-knockout mice. β2-Agonists rescue wild-type mice from established polymicrobial peritonitis in a clinically relevant time frame. Regulatory lymphocytes reestablish the anti-inflammatory potential of β2-agonists to control systemic inflammation, organ damage, and lethal endotoxic shock in β2-knockout mice. These results indicate that β2-adrenoceptors in regulatory lymphocytes are critical for the anti-inflammatory potential of the parasympathetic vagus nerve, and they represent a potential pharmacological target for sepsis.
Notizen: Zur Spaltung der Si-N-Bindung durch lewis-acide Bor-Verbindungen (1961)

Die Spaltung der Si—N-Bindung in Aminosilanen durch Borverbindungen R n BX 3-n (X = H, F, Cl, Br, J) nach führt, unter Eliminierung von Silan , zu Bor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen. /Durch Einwirkung von BX 3 auf Dialkylaminotrimethylsilane Me 3 SiNR 2 entstehen Dialkylaminoborane R 2 N—BX 2 . Bei der Umsetzung von Hexamethyldisilazan mit BX 3 oder RBX 2 erhält man Borazolderivate, während Dialkylborchloride R 2 BCI mit Hexamethyldisilazan im Molverhältnis 1 : 1 zu Verbindungen Me 3 Si—NH—BR 2 , im Molverhältnis 2 : 1 zu R 2 B—NH—BR 2 und Trimethylchlorsilan reagieren.