gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FGF-23–Klotho signaling stimulates proliferation and prevents vitamin D–induced apoptosis (2008)

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and Klotho are secretory proteins that regulate mineral-ion metabolism. Fgf-23(-/-) or Klotho(-/-) knockout mice exhibit several pathophysiological processes consistent with premature aging including severe atrophy of tissues. We show that the signal transduction pathways initiated by FGF-23-Klotho prevent tissue atrophy by stimulating proliferation and preventing apoptosis caused by excessive systemic vitamin D. Because serum levels of active vitamin D are greatly increased upon genetic ablation of Fgf-23 or Klotho, we find that these molecules have a dual role in suppression of apoptotic actions of vitamin D through both negative regulation of 1alpha-hydroxylase expression and phosphoinositide-3 kinase-dependent inhibition of caspase activity. These data provide new insights into the physiological roles of FGF-23 and Klotho.
TiO<sub>2</sub>-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Profiling of Candidate Metabolite Biomarkers from Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria (2018)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious problems affecting public health and safety. It is crucial to understand antimicrobial resistance from the molecular level. In this work, TiO<sub>2</sub>-assisted laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the fast metabolites analysis from intact bacterial cells to discriminate different strains of bacteria and to detect AMR. With the mass spectra of bacterial metabolites by TiO<sub>2</sub>-LDI MS, multivariable analysis was performed for bacterial identification to determine distinctive metabolites as the potential biomarkers. The most statistically significant metabolites were screened out by the method and further identified using liquid-chromatography (LC) tandem MS (MS/MS). Robustness of our developed methods in bacterial taxonomy was demonstrated by iterative validation using 48 clinical samples. The strategy was further illustrated with three clinical strains of ESBL (extended-spectrum β-lactamase-resistant)-positive Escherichia. coli and four clinical strains of ESBL-negative ones. Eleven key metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of ESBL-positive E. coli. We also implemented the pathway and network analysis on the key metabolites to prove the feasibility of our method in executing metabolomics analysis. Compared to the most prevalent techniques in a metabolomics study, such as LC-MS, gas chromatography MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the current method has advantages in its simple sample preparation and short analysis time, thereby fitting especially into clinical usages and fast analyses.
Review: <i>Concepts of Evolution</i>, by Everett C. Olson and Jane Robinson (1975)

Book Review| October 01 1975 Review Concepts of EvolutionEverett C. OlsonJane Robinson Barbara A. King Barbara A. King Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1975) 37 (7): 444. https://doi.org/10.2307/4445336 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Barbara A. King; Review. The American Biology Teacher 1 October 1975; 37 (7): 444. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4445336 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1975 National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Transmission over large-core few-mode photonic crystal fiber using distance-independent modal dispersion compensation technique (2011)

We propose a transmission distance-independent technique for modal dispersion compensation over few-mode fiber that uses a single-input multiple-output configuration and adaptive equalization. Our technique can compensate for the modal dispersion of a signal with 1-tap FIR filters regardless of the amount of modal delay difference, and enables us to utilize fiber with a large core and few modes as a long-haul transmission line. We also show numerically the advantage of few-mode photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for realizing a larger effective area (A(eff)), and finally we report a transmission over a large-core two-mode PCF with A(eff)>280 μm(2).
C(3)-Alkoxycephems (1986)

5.31 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1, ~6), 5.53 (d, d J=5, 8 HZ, 1, H7); 1% nmr (CDCl*) 6 cZ 33.63 t, c3 191.87 s , C ' 73.58 s, C@ 95.70 s, cab 207.59 s, c4' 79.29 t, c4* 14.98 q, C6 57.79 d, C7 58.51 d. (4a,7B)-3-(2-Butynyloxy)-7-l(phenoxyacetyl)amino]-2-cephem-4-carboxylic Acid, (4-nitropheny1)methyl Ester g ' 45.23, c~~ 95.18, czb 204.67, cZC 79.84, czd 16.74, C3 160.75.
Conductivity-type conversion in multiple-implant/multiple-anneal SOI (1991)

Results of an investigation of the electrical properties of superficial silicon and epitaxial capping layers grown on multiple-implant/anneal SIMOX and zone melt recrystallization substrates are presented. An unexpected SIMOX conductivity type change (from n to p) was observed in the SIMOX superficial layer, as well as in subsequently grown epi-layers. It is believed that the conductivity-type change is related to the presence of a process-induced acceptor impurity or an impurity (oxygen)-vacancy complex.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Associations between Nasal Torquetenovirus Load and Spirometric Indices in Children with Asthma (2005)

Fifty-nine children with well-controlled, mild to moderate persistent asthma were studied for the presence and load of torquetenovirus (TTV) in nasal fluid. Rates of TTV positivity and mean nasal TTV loads were not dissimilar to those observed in the general population and in a group of 30 age- and residence-matched healthy control children without a history of asthmatic disease. However, in the children with asthma, 3 important indices of lung function--forced expiratory flow (FEF) in which 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FVC) is expired (FEF(25%-75%)), forced expiratory volume in 1 s/FVC, and FEF(25%-75%)/FVC--showed an inverse correlation with nasal TTV load. Furthermore, signs of reduced airflow were more frequent in the children with asthma who had high nasal TTV loads (> or =6 log(10) DNA copies/mL of nasal fluid) than they were in those who had low nasal TTV loads (<6 log(10) DNA copies/mL of nasal fluid), despite similar therapy regimens. In contrast, the control children showed no associations between nasal TTV load and the spirometric indices. Levels of eosinophil cationic protein in sputum were also greater in the children with asthma who had higher nasal viral burdens than they were in those who had lower nasal viral burdens. These findings are the first report of TTV infection status in children with asthma and suggest that TTV might be a contributing factor in the lung impairment caused by this condition.
Treatment of Malignant Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Ricin A-chain Immunotoxins (1988)

(1988). Treatment of Malignant Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Ricin A-chain Immunotoxins. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology: Vol. 17, No. sup76, pp. 279-287.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Gallium Bromide Catalyzed Alkylation of Aromatics with Ethyl Bromide<sup>1,2</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and Mechanism of the Gallium Bromide Catalyzed Alkylation of Aromatics with Ethyl Bromide1,2Charles R. Smoot and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 24, 6245–6249Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01605a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01605a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Insertion of Carbon Dioxide into Main‐Group Complexes: Formation of the [N(CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>3−</sup> Ligand (2008)

Under mild conditions CO2 reacts with [Sr{N(PPh2)2}2](THF)3 to oxidatively cleave PPh2 groups, resulting in the new ligand [N(CO2)3]3− in [Sr6{O2CN(PPh2)2}6{N(CO2)3}2] (see core structure; Sr green, O red, N blue, C black). The Sr6 framework chemically fixates twelve equivalents of CO2, half by the formation of two [N(CO2)3]3− ligands and the other half by CO2 insertion to form the unprecedented phosphanyl-substituted carbamate ligand O2CN(PPh2)2.
Chip and package co-design technique for clock networks (2002)

This paper presents the motivation and a case study for a new clock distribution technique: route the global clock on package. This technique can be used in single chips and multichip modules based on area I/Os of the flip chip technology. Due to 2-4 order lower interconnect resistance on package layers, the clock skew and path delay of the clock network are significantly reduced.
Influence of the aliphatic spacer length on the 5-HT1A receptor activity of new arylpiperazines with an indazole system. (2001)

Novel arylpiperazines (1a, 1c, 2a and 2c), containing a terminal 1- or 2-indazolyl fragment and a di- or tetramethylene aliphatic spacer, were synthesized and their 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor affinities were determined. All those compounds showed a potent affinity for 5-HT1A receptors (Ki = 5-16 nM) and were evaluated for an intrinsic activity at those receptors. In order to determine a 5-HT1A agonistic effect of the investigated compounds, their ability to induce a lower lip retraction in rats and a behavioral syndrome (flat body posture and forepaw treading) in reserpinized rats were tested, whereas their 5-HT1A antagonistic activity was assessed via inhibition of those symptoms produced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT). The effect of spacer length on the 5-HT1A activity of the tested compounds was discussed in comparison with that of the three-methylene analogs (1b and 2b) described earlier. Both dimethylene derivatives (la and 2a) were characterized as weak postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor antagonists. Compounds 1c (1-indazolyl analog) and 2c (2-indazolyl analog) with a tetramethylene aliphatic chain were classified as a postsynaptic 5-HT1A antagonist and a partial 5-HT1A agonist, respectively. Furthermore, the latter showed a moderate anxiolytic-like effect (conflict drinking Vogel's test in rats) and a weak antidepressant-like activity (forced swimming Porsolt's test in rats).
Migraine. Patterns of healthcare use. (1994)

Data on use of healthcare from several sources reflect low rates of consultation among migraineurs, many of whom are severely disabled, and limited detection of migraine among those seeking care. Most migraineurs who seek medical care are motivated by the need for pain relief and are initially seen by a general practitioner. Use of healthcare seems to follow a pattern, with a maximum use of services and technology within the first year, followed by a precipitous decrease over the ensuring years. The use of services appears to be concentrated among a small proportion of the migraineurs who seek care. In total volume, the migraineur uses two to five times more healthcare services than nonmigraineurs, reflecting the contribution of comorbidities and help-seeking behavior. Use of emergency departments and sophisticated diagnostic testing appears to be greater in the United States than in other countries. Hospitalization of the migraineur is uncommon and remains costly.
Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> extrinsic defects and capacitor reliability (2011)

The capacitors implemented in RF/microwave MMICs seem to dominate the reliability in many cases, rather than the active devices (pHEMTs or HBTs) themselves. We have examined MIMCAP extrinsic defect density by extracting it from published data available in the open literature. The methodology for extracting defect densities from probability plots of times to breakdown or of ramped breakdown voltages is shown. We have noted that the extrinsic densities are quite varied across the dozen sets of data compiled. We also contributed data using Hg-dot-formed capacitors. Using this industry-wide data we provide some design charts for the sizing of capacitors in MMICs based upon their extrinsic reliability.
High-Speed Multimode Fiber Transmission by Using Mode-Field Matched Center-Launching Technique (2009)

We report that the center-launching technique can be improved to selectively excite the fundamental mode of multimode fiber (MMF). This ldquomode-field matchedrdquo center-launching technique enables us to excite only the fundamental mode in the MMF and, consequently, avoid the inherent limitations imposed by the differential mode delay. We realize this mode-field matched center-launching technique simply by fusion-splicing a single-mode fiber (SMF) pigtailed transmitter to the MMF. The splicing condition is optimized to expand the core of SMF slightly so that it can match the mode field distribution of the fundamental mode of MMF. The results show that, by using this launching technique, we can achieve the transmission characteristics similar to SMF and drastically increase the bandwidth-distance product of MMF. For demonstrations, we have successfully transmitted 10- and 40-Gb/s signals over 12.2 and 3.7 km of MMF, respectively, without using any dispersion compensation techniques. We have also evaluated the robustness of the MMF link implemented by using the proposed launching technique against the mechanical perturbations such as the lateral offset between fiber connectors, fiber bending, and fiber shaking.
High-temperature electromechanical characterization of AlN single crystals (2015)

Hexagonal AlN is a non-ferroelectric material and does not have any phase transition up to its melting point (>2000°C), which indicates the potential use of AlN for high-temperature sensing. In this work, the elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric constants of AlN single crystals were investigated at elevated temperatures up to 1000°C by the resonance method. We used resonators of five different modes to obtain a complete set of material constants of AlN single crystals. The electrical resistivity of AlN at elevated temperature (1000°C) was found to be greater than 5 × 10(10) Ω · cm. The resonance frequency of the resonators, which was mainly determined by the elastic compliances, decreased linearly with increasing temperature, and was characterized by a relatively low temperature coefficient of frequency, in the range of -20 to -36 ppm/°C. For all the investigated resonator modes, the elastic constants and the electromechanical coupling factors exhibited excellent temperature stability, with small variations over the full temperature range, <11.2% and <17%, respectively. Of particular significance is that due to the pyroelectricity of AlN, both the dielectric and the piezoelectric constants had high thermal resistivity even at extreme high temperature (1000°C). Therefore, high electrical resistivity, temperature independence of electromechanical properties, as well as high thermal resistivity of the elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties, suggest that AlN single crystals are a promising candidate for high-temperature piezoelectric sensing applications.
Expression of the putative proto-oncogene His-1 in normal and neoplastic tissues. (2020)

The His-1 gene is expressed as a 3-kb spliced and polyadenylated RNA that is believed to function in the absence of an encoded protein. The precise function of the His-1 gene is unknown, but its transcriptional activation in a series of mouse leukemias has implicated the His-1 RNA in leukemogenesis when it is abnormally expressed. To study the oncogenic potential of this gene in more detail, we have examined the normal tissue distribution of His-1 RNA during mouse embryogenesis and in various adult tissues. His-1 expression was detected at low levels in the epithelia of the adult mouse stomach, prostate, seminal vesicle, and the developing choroid plexus by in situ hybridization. All other tissues examined lacked detectable levels of hybridizing RNA, suggesting that normal His-1 gene expression is highly restricted to these epithelial sites. These transcripts were not detectable by Northern blot analysis of normal tissues but were readily identified in five mouse leukemias and in five carcinomas of the choroid plexus. These data indicate that the His-1 gene expression is highly restricted and suggest that inappropriate activation of this gene may contribute to carcinogenesis.
54.3: Impulsive Driving Technique in S‐PVA Architecture (2006)

Abstract A new LCD driving scheme, Super Impulsive Technology (SIT), is proposed to improve moving image quality without sacrifice of wide viewing angle performance. This new method is most suitable for impulsive driving of the S‐PVA two transistor sub‐pixel structure. The algorithm is compatible with motion interpolated 120Hz sources as well as conventional 60Hz sources. SIT eliminates motion artifacts in moving images by combining fast driving with the impulsive effect.
T-bet Binding to Newly Identified Target Gene Promoters Is Cell Type-independent but Results in Variable Context-dependent Functional Effects (2006)

Recently developed target gene identification strategies based upon the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay provide a powerful method to determine the localization of transcription factor binding within mammalian genomes. However, in many cases, it is unclear if the binding capacity of a transcription factor correlates with an obligate role in gene regulation in diverse contexts. It is therefore important to carefully examine the relationship between transcription factor binding and its ability to functionally regulate gene expression. T-bet is a T-box transcription factor expressed in several hematopoietic cell types. By utilizing a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay coupled to genomic microarray technology approach, we identified numerous promoters, including CXCR3, IL2Rbeta, and CCL3, that are bound by T-bet in B cells. Most surprisingly, the ability of T-bet to associate with the target promoters is not dependent upon the cell type background. Several of the promoters appear to be functionally regulated by T-bet. However, we could not detect a functional consequence for T-bet association with many of the identified promoters in overexpression studies or an examination of wild type and T-bet-/- primary B, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. Thus, there is a high variability in the functional consequences, if any, that result from the association of T-bet with individual target promoters.
<i>In vivo</i> engineering of a human vasculature for bone tissue engineering applications (2008)

The neovascularization of three-dimensional voluminous tissues, such as bone, represents an important challenge in tissue engineering applications. The formation of a preformed vascular plexus could maintain cell viability and promote vascularization after transplantation. We have developed a three-dimensional spheroidal coculture system consisting of human primary endothelial cells and human primary osteoblasts (hOBs) to improve angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering applications. In this study, we investigated the survival and vascularization of the engineered implants in vivo. Endothelial cell spheroids were cocultured with hOBs in fibrin and seeded into scaffolds consisting of processed bovine cancellous bone (PBCB). The cell-seeded scaffolds were evaluated for their angiogenic potential in two different in vivo assays: the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and the severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID) mouse model. In both assays, the development of a complex three-dimensional network of perfused human neovessels could be detected. After subcutaneous implantation into immunodeficient mice, the newly formed human vasculature was stabilized by the recruitment of murine smooth muscle alpha-actin-positive mural cells and anastomoses with the mouse vasculature. We conclude that this endothelial cell spheroid system can be used to create a network of functional perfused blood vessels in vivo. The finding that this process takes place with high efficacy in the presence of co-implanted primary osteoblasts and in an osteoconductive environment provided by the PBCB scaffold, suggests that this system may be suitable for improving vascularization in bone tissue engineering.
The JPEG2000 still image coding system: an overview (2000)

With the increasing use of multimedia technologies, image compression requires higher performance as well as new features. To address this need in the specific area of still image encoding, a new standard is currently being developed, the JPEG2000. It is not only intended to provide rate-distortion and subjective image quality performance superior to existing standards, but also to provide features and functionalities that current standards can either not address efficiently or in many cases cannot address at all. Lossless and lossy compression, embedded lossy to lossless coding, progressive transmission by pixel accuracy and by resolution, robustness to the presence of bit-errors and region-of-interest coding, are some representative features. It is interesting to note that JPEG2000 is being designed to address the requirements of a diversity of applications, e.g. Internet, color facsimile, printing, scanning, digital photography, remote sensing, mobile applications, medical imagery, digital library and E-commerce.