gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of a nonsyntactic approach to automatic phrase indexing for document retrieval (1989)

It may be possible to improve the quality of automatic indexing systems by using complex descriptors, for example, phrases, in addition to the simple descriptors (words or word stems) that are normally used in automatically constructed representations of document content. This study is directed toward the goal of developing effective methods of identifying phrases in natural language text from which good quality phrase descriptors can be constructed. The effectiveness of one method, a simple nonsyntactic phrase indexing procedure, has been tested on five experimental document collections. The results have been analyzed in order to identify the inadequacies of the procedure, and to determine what kinds of information about text structure are needed in order to construct phrase descriptors that are good indicators of document content. Two primary conclusions have been reached: (1) In the retrieval experiments, the nonsyntactic phrase construction procedure did not consistently yield substantial improvements in effectiveness. It is therefore not likely that phrase indexing of this kind will prove to be an important method of enhancing the performance of automatic document indexing and retrieval systems in operational environments. (2) Many of the shortcomings of the nonsyntactic approach can be overcome by incorporating syntactic information into the phrase construction process. However, a general syntactic analysis facility may be required, since many useful sources of phrases cannot be exploited if only a limited inventory of syntactic patterns can be recognized. Further research should be conducted into methods of incorporating automatic syntactic analysis into content analysis for document retrieval. © 1989 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lettuce Seed Germination (1976)

Protein synthesis in gibberellin-treated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds has been studied during the lag phase between the beginning of imbibition and the first signs of radicle protrusion. When compared to the water-imbibed controls, both polyribosome populations and radioactive leucine incorporation into protein increase in the embryos of GA(3)- induced seeds early in the imbibition period. Since these results are contradictory to previously published studies, the reasons for the differences are outlined and various alternative possibilities eliminated. The protocol for protein extraction, particularly the speed at which the supernatant from the seed homogenate is cleared, is important for demonstrating the GA(3)-mediated changes. Embryos maintained in the dormant state by abscisic acid still conduct considerable amounts of protein synthesis, and this is enhanced by concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine which also promote germination. Therefore, the actions of GA(3), abscisic acid, and cytokinin on lettuce seed germination are mediated, directly or indirectly, via protein synthesis.
Early assessment of motor dysfunctions aids in successful occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (1998)

Occlusion of the rodent middle cerebral artery by embolism, using an intraluminal filament, produces behavioral alterations which resemble many symptoms associated with stroke. This model has been used to examine treatment interventions for the disease, however, variable success rate in completely blocking the middle cerebral artery may present inconclusive interpretation of the data. To detect successful occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, we demonstrate here sensitive and reliable behavioral parameters including the elevated body swing test, the postural tail-hang test, the spontaneous rotational test, and the forelimb akinesia test. These assays provide a criterion for identifying animals with incomplete occlusion which could promote host-related spontaneous recovery and might confound true effects of experimental therapies on ischemia-induced dysfunctions. From a practical standpoint, the early reliable identification of partial cerebral ischemia aids in immediate and efficient adjustments of the surgical procedure to create a complete and stable ischemia stroke animal model.
Guidelines for using human event‐related potentials to study cognition: Recording standards and publication criteria (2000)

Event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded from the human scalp can provide important information about how the human brain normally processes information and about how this processing may go awry in neurological or psychiatric disorders. Scientists using or studying ERPs must strive to overcome the many technical problems that can occur in the recording and analysis of these potentials. The methods and the results of these ERP studies must be published in a way that allows other scientists to understand exactly what was done so that they can, if necessary, replicate the experiments. The data must then be analyzed and presented in a way that allows different studies to be compared readily. This paper presents guidelines for recording ERPs and criteria for publishing the results.
Improvement of contrast sensitivity with yellow filter glasses. (1992)

Yellow filter glasses, often sold as "antifog" or "safety" glasses at department stores and other retail outlets, are claimed to improve contrast sensitivity and the yield of visually perceived objects, particularly under poor conditions (e.g., fog, rain and twilight), by enhancing contrast. These claims were tested in 15 healthy subjects (30 eyes) aged 26 to 58 (mean 42.5) years with the Vision Contrast Test System (VCTS 6500), first with and then without yellow filter glasses. Testing was done with commercial antifog glasses and frame-mounted, hand-held filter glasses of CR (Columbia resin) 39 quality with a yellow tint made by an optician. Contrast sensitivity was found to be significantly improved with yellow filter glasses (p less than 0.0001). The use of yellow filter glasses may safely be recommended to patients who report subjective improvement in contrast vision with such glasses.
Allelochemical Communication in Vertebrates: Kairomones, Allomones and Synomones (2006)

Communication between different species by means of chemicals (allelomones) is widespread among prokaryotes, plants and invertebrates. This study reviews data suggesting that allelochemically mediated communication also exists among vertebrates. The work aims to provide a concise, interdisciplinary review of communication mediated by infochemicals, with a focus on interspecies and interkingdom signaling. A definition of infochemicals is given, with a brief review of the general principles of chemical communication in different kingdoms in nature. Findings are reported which suggest that interspecies chemical signaling is important for vertebrates also. It is proposed that the general laws of chemical ecology are valid for mammals too, and that the terms indicating the different types of allelomones (i.e. kairomone, allomone and synomone) might also be used in medicine. In particular, the microchemical environment at the airway and digestive interfaces are discussed from an infochemical point of view.
Targeting PBR by Hexaminolevulinate-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis through Translocation of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor in Human Leukemia Cells (2005)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with endogenous protoporphyrin IX derived from 5-aminolevulinic acid or its derivatives has been established for treatments of several premalignancies and malignancies; however, the mechanism of the modality is not fully elucidated. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore consists mainly of the mitochondrial outer membrane voltage-dependent anion channel and the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) and the mitochondrial inner membrane adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). These mitochondrial proteins are responsible for the permeability transition that leads to apoptosis. In the present study, the human leukemia cell line, Reh, was treated with PDT using hexaminolevulinate (HAL). More than 80% of apoptotic Reh cells were found after HAL-mediated PDT (HAL-PDT) with high-molecular-weight (50 kbp) DNA fragmentation. Addition of PK11195 or Ro5-4864, two ligands of PBR, during HAL-PDT significantly inhibited the apoptotic effect. Bongkrekic acid, a ligand for ANT, also reduced the PDT effect. Although the mitochondrial transmembrane potential collapsed, neither cytosolic translocation of mitochondrial cytochrome c nor activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were found. However, nuclear translocation of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was shown by both immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. Because AIF is the sole one among all proapoptotic factors involved in caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways that induces the high-molecular-weight DNA fragmentation, we conclude that HAL-PDT specifically targets PBR, leading to apoptosis of the Reh cells through nuclear translocation of mitochondrial AIF. This study suggests PBR as a possible novel therapeutic target for HAL-based PDT of cancer.
Fast control strategy for stabilising fixed‐speed induction‐generator‐based wind turbines in an islanded distributed system (2013)

Distributed generation systems (DGS) with fixed‐speed induction‐generator‐based wind turbines (FSWT) are sensitive and vulnerable to voltage disturbances and reactive power deficiency. Consequently, the control and protection strategies for such a DGS should be prompt and precise to avoid undesired wind generator cutting off. This study investigates and analyses the dynamic characteristics of an FSWT to reveal the behaviours of an FSWT under disturbances. Then a fast control strategy for stabilising an islanded DGS is proposed. The main contributions of the control strategy are: the total amount of reactive power compensation and load shedding may be determined precisely; all the operation execution points may be decided accurately to improve DGS stability. Furthermore, the implementation of the fast control strategy is also discussed. A case study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Fabrication of NbN Josephson Tunnel Junctions and Their Application to DC-SQUIDs (1986)

We have fabricated all hard metal NbN/NbN tunnel junctions. The low dielectic constant of a plasma oxidized a-Si barrier leads to low-capacitance junctions (3 µF/cm 2 ) which are suitable for SQUID applications. Then, planar dc-SQUIDs have been fabricated with NbN junctions. Higher modulation voltages, as high as 90 µV, with an applied flux were obtained for the SQUIDs with larger values of the product of the critical current and the shunting resistance. Effects of a damping resistance across the loop inductance have also been examined.
Fast reconstruction of flat region in a super-short scan based on MD-FBP algorithm (2012)

In circular cone-beam computed tomography (CT), although the minimum data filtered-backprojection (MD-FBP) algorithm has many significant applications, such as handling super-short scan problem, its reconstruction efficiency is limited by the heavy calculation of backprojection. In this paper, aiming at the image reconstruction of flat region in a super-short scan, an improved method based on MD-FBP algorithm is developed using an integral operation with fixed integral interval during the implementation of backprojection, which has an improvement in reconstruction efficiency and parallel performance compared with the original MD-FBP algorithm. It is found that if the thickness of the flat region is less than 0.0349 R (R is the scanning radius), the uncertainty of the method can be ignored. When the thickness of reconstructed region is a little fat, it can also be reconstructed by increasing the scanning radius befittingly. The results of numerical simulation and real data experiments have demonstrated the correctness and merits of the proposed method.
Methods of Synthesis of Imidazopyrimidines with a Bridgehead Nitrogen Atom and Their Benzo-analogues (1977)

The methods of synthesis of imidazopyrimidines with a bridgehead nitrogen atom, namely imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines, imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidines, and their benzo-analogues, are examined, particular attention being devoted to methods of synthesis of preparative value. Certain theoretical problems associated with the formation of these heterocyclic condensed systems are discussed. The bibliography includes 157 references.
PEOPLE (1985)

rooms, each equipped for videotape, film, or in 1986, a descriptive and historical guide to West slides; a multi-purpose projection room serving Virginia newspapers will be published.both viewing facilities; individual video or slide viewing areas; a smaller viewing room seating 10;
Imaging mass spectrometry of gastric carcinoma in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue microarray (2009)

The popularity of imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) of tissue samples, which enables the direct scanning of tissue sections within a short time-period, has been considerably increasing in cancer proteomics. Most pathological specimens stored in medical institutes are formalin-fixed; thus, they had been regarded to be unsuitable for proteomic analyses, including IMS, until recently. Here, we report an easy-to-use screening method that enables the analysis of multiple samples in one experiment without extractions and purifications of proteins. We scanned, with an IMS technique, a tissue microarray (TMA) of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. We detected a large amount of signals from trypsin-treated FFPE-TMA samples of gastric carcinoma tissues of different histological types. Of the signals detected, 54 were classified as signals specific to cancer with statistically significant differences between adenocarcinomas and normal tissues. We detected a total of 14 of the 54 signals as histological type-specific with the support of statistical analyses. Tandem MS revealed that a signal specific to poorly differentiated cancer tissue corresponded to histone H4. Finally, we verified the IMS-based finding by immunohistochemical analysis of more than 300 specimens spotted on TMAs; the immunoreactivity of histone H4 was remarkably strong in poorly differentiated cancer tissues. Thus, the application of IMS to FFPE-TMA can enable high-throughput analysis in cancer proteomics to aid in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, and prognosis. Further, results obtained from the IMS of FFPE-TMA can be readily confirmed by commonly used immunohistochemical analyses.
A new potential AED, carisbamate, substantially reduces spontaneous motor seizures in rats with kainate‐induced epilepsy (2008)

These data support the hypothesis that a repeated-measures, crossover protocol in animal models with spontaneous seizures is an effective method for testing AEDs. Carisbamate reduced the frequency of spontaneous motor seizures in a dose-dependent manner, and was more effective than topiramate at reducing seizures in rats with kainate-induced epilepsy.
Velocity of shortening and myosin isozymes in two types of rabbit fast-twitch muscle fibers (1986)

The fast-twitch tibialis anterior muscle of the rabbit was stimulated (10 Hz, 8 h/day for 7 wk) to cause complete transformation of the fibers from type IIb to type IIa. The velocity of unloaded shortening of permeabilized single fiber segments dissected from control and chronically stimulated tibialis anterior muscles was measured by the slack test at 20 degrees C. The myosin isozymes in these segments were separated on pyrophosphate-containing polyacrylamide gels. Peptide mapping of the myosin chain was performed on the myosin bands cut from the gels. The velocity of unloaded shortening of the IIb fibers was significantly higher (2.50 +/- 0.09 fiber length/s; n = 6) than that of the IIa fibers (1.33 +/- 0.08 fiber lengths/s; n = 6). The two groups of fibers differed with respect to their alkali light chain complement, as assessed by nondenaturing gel analyses, and with respect to their myosin heavy chain complement, as demonstrated by peptide mapping. Thus two groups of fast-twitch muscle fibers that contain distinguishable myosin isozyme contents differ in their velocities of unloaded shortening by a factor of two.
Acoustic Spectroscopy as a Technique for the Particle Size Analysis of High Concentration Colloids, Emulsions and Suspensions (1996)

The behaviour of particulate dispersions and emulsions depends on the size distribution of its constituents. Particle size analysers using sound based measurement principles have been available for a number of years. These techniques operate over limited size ranges and work best with rigid particles. A technique for particle size analysis using acoustic spectroscopy has been developed specifically to overcome these limitations. It utilises state of the art transducer technology and electronics and is based upon classical acoustical principles allowing the particle technologist to study high concentration particle interactions and offering a means to monitor and control particle formation and reduction processes. An instrument based upon these principles is described together with some examples of applications and comparisons to laser diffraction measurements. The applications shown highlight the ability of the technique to measure low contrast density systems such as emulsions as well as validating sensitivity to small particle size distributions.
Enterprise integration and monitoring solution using active shared space (2005)

This paper describes on architecture and framework for business process transformation and monitoring, using active shared space along with business process solution composer, for achieving the above goals. This framework treats business data and business services as the first class citizens. The central notions of this framework are business artifacts and business services both of which users can exploit to define the key business data and performance indicators. There are producers and consumers of business artifacts and business services for the shared data space. Underlying services and data graphs can be configured in such a way that the service invocation and data mediation can be fully automated via the active shared space without human intervention. Active shared space advocates new programming paradigm that enables business level monitoring and business process execution based upon the definitions of business artifacts, business services and data graph. The architecture of the active shared space is detailed in this paper. A reference implementation is given for the sake of validation and discussion.
Field Experiments in Bedfordshire on the Chemical Treatment of Soil infected with the Potato Eelworm <i>Heterodera schachtii</i>, during 1936—37 (1938)

Preliminary investigations on the problem of affording protection to the potato plant growing in soil infested with cysts of Heterodera schachtii , were carried out by Hurst & Triffitt (1935, i, ii, 1937). In these experiments promising results were obtained by the application of calcium cyanamide or of ferric oxide to the soil, and trials with these chemicals were designed on a larger'scale. A small field experiment (Hurst & Franklin, 1937) was carried out in Lincolnshire during 1936, using dressings of 30 cwt. per acre of calcium cyanamide and 12 cwt. per acre of ferric oxide. On the cyanamide plots an increased yield of potatoes was accompanied by a relatively small increase in the cyst population of the soil. With ferric oxide the results were not significantly different from those on the untreated control plots.
Archaeological possibilities for feminist theories of transition and transformation (2008)

Archaeology takes up material fragments from distant and recent pasts to create narratives of personal and collective identity. It is, therefore, a powerful voice shaping our current and future social worlds. Feminist theory has to date made little reference to archaeology and its projects, in part because archaeologists have primarily chosen to work with normative forms of gender theory rather than forge new theory informed by archaeological insights. This paper argues that archaeology has considerably more potential for feminist theorizing than has so far been recognized. In particular it is uniquely placed to build theory for understanding change, transition and transformation over extended time periods, a potential explored through an archaeological case study of Pacific Northwest Coast people. In conclusion, some possibilities for expanding this case study into a wider comparative perspective are sketched out.
Fiber Optic Analog--Digital Hybrid Signal Transmission Employing Frequency Modulation (1985)

Investigations are carried out on the SNR performance in fiber optic FM transmission systems which use multimode fibers and 1.3 μm laser diodes. Both laser diode noise and modal noise are quantitatively evaluated in systems with and without employing a superimposed pulse modulation scheme. Based on these investigations, parameters for analog-digital hybrid signal transmission systems employing FM are determined. The hybrid signal consists of audio, video, and 2 Mbit/s digital data. The results obtained in transmission experiments satisfied the design objectives and confirmed the technical feasibility of an analog-digital hybrid transmission employing FM. The obtained results make the fiber optic FM transmission system with a 1.3 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mum</tex> LD an attractive alternative in subscriber systems, and video transmission systems for microwave IF links and CATV trunks.
Structure-Function Relationship of Substituted Bromomethylcoumarins in Nucleoside Specificity of RNA Alkylation (2013)

Selective alkylation of RNA nucleotides is an important field of RNA biochemistry, e.g. in applications of fluorescent labeling or in structural probing experiments, yet detailed structure-function studies of labeling agents are rare. Here, bromomethylcoumarins as reactive compounds for fluorescent labeling of RNA are developed as an attractive scaffold on which electronic properties can be modulated by varying the substituents. Six different 4-bromomethyl-coumarins of various substitution patterns were tested for nucleotide specificity of RNA alkylation using tRNA from Escherichia coli as substrate. Using semi-quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis, reactions at mildly acidic and slightly alkaline pH were compared. For all tested compounds, coumarin conjugates with 4-thiouridine, pseudouridine, guanosine, and uridine were identified, with the latter largely dominating. This data set shows that selectivity of ribonucleotide alkylation depends on the substitution pattern of the reactive dye, and even more strongly on the modulation of the reaction conditions. The latter should be therefore carefully optimized when striving to achieve selectivity. Interestingly, the highest selectivity for labeling of a modified nucleoside, namely of 4-thiouridine, was achieved with a compound whose selectivity was somewhat less dependent on reaction conditions than the other compounds. In summary, bromomethylcoumarin derivatives are a highly interesting class of compounds, since their selectivity for 4-thiouridine can be efficiently tuned by variation of substitution pattern and reaction conditions.