gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Non-destructive remote sensing technologies for locating subsurface anomalies on railroad track beds</title> (1995)

Railroads are a vital transportation link with tracks traversing thousands of miles throughout the United States. When this link fails, the resultant damage costs millions of dollars. Track failure, attributed to moisture trails and erosion voids in the rock ballast and subsoils that support the tracks, slowly deteriorate the rail bed to a critical point in which iron rail shifts occur. All railroad lines experience failures on a regular basis, but the recent flood of 1993, that inundated thousands of square miles of land and hundreds of miles of railroad tracks in the midwestern US, brought a new impetus to quickly locate and repair these hidden subsurface defect areas. This paper illustrates a new technology combination of nondestructive, remote sensing Computer Enhanced Infrared Thermography and Ground Penetrating Radar that was used to detect buried moisture trails and erosion voids of railroad track beds. This technology combination is described in theory and by discussion of a case study based upon a successful project, conducted immediately following the flood, for Burlington Northern Railroad.
Correlation-based fiber sensor using a holographic matched filter (1990)

The principle of a fiber sensor based on an optical correlation technique is described and assessed for its feasibility. The device measures the correlation between the far-field radiation pattern of a multimode sensing fiber and a reference pattern stored in a holographic matched filter. The output is a monotonically decreasing function of the changes in the patterns caused by the perturbance applied to the fiber. The results of some preliminary experiments are discussed and some drawbacks of the technique are pointed out.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Ionization Anemometer (1949)

An anemometer is described for the measurement of air movement in the region 0-300 ft./min. The instrument is omnidirectional, rapid in response and equally sensitive over the whole range of velocities covered. A unidirectional anemometer and a flowmeter working on the same principle are also described.
Novel and potent inhibitors targeting DHODH, a rate-limiting enzyme in <i>de novo</i> pyrimidine biosynthesis, are broad-spectrum antiviral against RNA viruses including newly emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Abstract Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses occasionally cause epidemics and pandemics worldwide, such as the on-going outbreak of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Existing direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs cannot be applied immediately to new viruses because of virus-specificity, and the development of new DAA drugs from the beginning is not timely for outbreaks. Thus, host-targeting antiviral (HTA) drugs have many advantages to fight against a broad spectrum of viruses, by blocking the viral replication and overcoming the potential viral mutagenesis simultaneously. Herein, we identified two potent inhibitors of DHODH, S312 and S416, with favorable drug-like and pharmacokinetic profiles, which all showed broad-spectrum antiviral effects against various RNA viruses, including influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2, H9N2), Zika virus, Ebola virus, and particularly against the recent novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Our results are the first to validate that DHODH is an attractive host target through high antiviral efficacy in vivo and low virus replication in DHODH knocking-out cells. We also proposed the drug combination of DAA and HTA was a promising strategy for anti-virus treatment and proved that S312 showed more advantageous than Oseltamivir to treat advanced influenza diseases in severely infected animals. Notably, S416 is reported to be the most potent inhibitor with an EC50 of 17nM and SI value >5882 in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells so far. This work demonstrates that both our self-designed candidates and old drugs (Leflunomide/Teriflunomide) with dual actions of antiviral and immuno-repression may have clinical potentials not only to influenza but also to COVID-19 circulating worldwide, no matter such viruses mutate or not.
Position-based weighted round-robin arbitration for equality of service in many-core network-on-chips (2012)

This paper presents the position-based weighted round-robin arbitration for equality of service in many-core network-on-chips employing a deterministic routing algorithm. We concentrate on the network saturation induced by the hot-spot traffic that occurs when the threads running on the system simultaneously access shared data, global shared locks, etc. It exploits the deterministic properties of the interconnect network---the topology and the routing algorithm. This leads to the omission of additional information in packet headers, compared to the previous approaches. The hardware overhead is minimal, requiring only the weight counters in addition to a typical round-robin arbiter. Compared with the previous work, the proposed algorithm also reduces the critical path delay due to its simplicity. Although designed against the hot-spot traffic, the proposed arbitration scheme shows little performance degradation under other traffic patterns in terms of the average latency and the saturation throughput.
Nicotinic Acid and Ethyl Nicotinate in Excised Human Skin (1963)

A method is described for measuring the percutaneous absorption of radioactive nicotinic acid and ethyl nicotinate in excised human skin. It was found that there was approximately a 37,000-fold difference between the penetration of the two compounds. The effect of hydration on the penetration of ethyl nicotinate was measured and found to facilitate absorption about sixfold. The possible reasons for the great difference in penetration of these two compounds is discussed.
The <i>Saccharomyces SHP1</i> Gene, Which Encodes a Regulator of Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 1 with Differential Effects on Glycogen Metabolism, Meiotic Differentiation, and Mitotic Cell Cycle Progression (1995)

The phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PP1) catalytic subunit encoded by the Saccharomyces GLC7 gene is involved in control of glycogen metabolism, meiosis, translation, chromosome segregation, cell polarity, and G2/M cell cycle progression. It is also lethal when overproduced. We have isolated strains which are resistant to Glc7p overproduction lethality as a result of mutations in the SHP1 (suppressor of high-copy PP1) gene, which was previously encountered in a genomic sequencing project as an open reading frame whose interruption totally blocked sporulation and slightly slowed cell proliferation. These phenotypes also characterized our shp1 mutations, as did deficient glycogen accumulation. Lysates from the shp1 mutants were deficient in PP1 catalytic activity but exhibited no obvious abnormalities in the steady-state level or subcellular localization pattern of a catalytically active Glc7p-hemagglutinin fusion polypeptide. The lower level of PP1 activity in shp1 cells permitted substitution of a galactose-induced GAL10-GLC7 fusion for GLC7; depletion of Glc7p from these cells by growth in glucose medium resulted in G2/M arrest as previously observed for a glc7cs allele but with depletion arrest occurring most frequently at a later stage of mitosis. The higher requirement of glycogen accumulation and sporulation for PP1 activity would permit their regulation via Glc7p activity, independent of its requirement for mitosis.
Continuous Noninvasive Pulse Transit Time Measurement for Psycho-physiological Stress Monitoring (2009)

Stress is one of the most common reasons for a number of serious diseases. For the prevention and treatment of stress, a psycho-physiological monitoring system for stress measurement is needed. Because of the multifarious influences of stress on the physiological response of the body, a stress measurement system has to take into account as many parameters as possible. The pulse transit time (PTT), which is determined by measuring the ECG and the pulse wave at for example a finger, gives comprehensive information about the cardiovascular system. In a study we investigate the correlation between the PTT and the stress induced by a psychological experiment. We found out that there is a strong correlation and that PTT is an appropriate parameter for stress measurement.
Curcumin Serves as a Human Kv1.3 Blocker to Inhibit Effector Memory T Lymphocyte Activities (2012)

Curcumin, the principal active component of turmeric, has long been used to treat various diseases in India and China. Recent studies show that curcumin can serve as a therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases via a variety of mechanisms. Effector memory T cells (T(EM), CCR7⁻ CD45RO⁺ T lymphocyte) have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Kv1.3 channels are predominantly expressed in T(EM) cells and control T(EM) activities. In the present study, we examined the effect of curcumin on human Kv1.3 (hKv1.3) channels stably expressed in HEK-293 cells and its ability to inhibit proliferation and cytokine secretion of T(EM) cells isolated from patients with MS or RA. Curcumin exhibited a direct blockage of hKv1.3 channels in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the activation curve was shifted to a more positive potential, which was consistent with an open-channel blockade. Paralleling hKv1.3 inhibition, curcumin significantly inhibited proliferation and interferon-γ secretion of T(EM) cells. Our findings demonstrate that curcumin is able to inhibit proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion of T(EM) cells probably through inhibition of hKv1.3 channels, which contributes to the potency of curcumin for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This is probably one of pharmacological mechanisms of curcumin used to treat autoimmune diseases.
Noise Removal in Color Images Based on Image Gradient Information (2014)

We propose a novel noise removal algorithm in color images. First, gradient is extended for color images. On this extended gradient, an algorithm called gradient peer group is used to detect the noise in color images and the peer group averaging algorithm is applied to remove the noise detected. The experiment shows that the proposed algorithm can detect and remove noise in color images effectively. The quality of images after noise removal is better than the ones reconstructed by other algorithms.
The Regulation of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (2015)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a secreted cytokine, plays an important role in a wide array of biological processes including inducing differentiation of leukemia cell, inflammatory response, neuronal development, embryonic implantation, stem cell self-renewal and cancer progression, etc. LIF exerts its biological functions mainly through the activation and regulation of JAK/STAT3, AKT, EKR1/2 and mTOR signal pathways. The expression levels of LIF are regulated by many different factors under different conditions in different tissue/cell types. For example, estrogen and p53 are important regulators for the high LIF production in uterine tissues at the implantation stage. Hypoxia plays a critical role in LIF overexpression in solid tumors. Many cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, can also induce the LIF expression and production. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on the transcriptional regulation of LIF under various conditions.
Sulfur dioxide emissions from Peruvian copper smelters detected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (2007)

We report the first daily observations of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions from copper smelters by a satellite‐borne sensor ‐ the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's EOS/Aura spacecraft. Emissions from two Peruvian smelters (La Oroya and Ilo) were detected in up to 80% of OMI overpasses between September 2004 and June 2005. SO 2 production by each smelter in this period is assessed and compared with contemporaneous emissions from active volcanoes in Ecuador and southern Colombia. Annual SO 2 discharge from the Ilo smelter, La Oroya smelter, and volcanoes in 2004–2005 is estimated and amounts to 0.3 −0.1 +0.2 , 0.07 ± 0.03, and 1.2 ± 0.5 Tg, respectively. This study confirms OMI's potential as an effective tool for evaluation of anthropogenic and natural SO 2 emissions. Smelter plumes transport an array of toxic metals in addition to SO 2 and continued monitoring to mitigate health and environmental impacts is recommended.
Kinetic Studies of the Reaction of Phenyl Isocyanate with Alcohols in Various Solvents<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic Studies of the Reaction of Phenyl Isocyanate with Alcohols in Various Solvents1S. Ephraim, A. E. Woodward, and R. B. MesrobianCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 6, 1326–1328Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01539a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01539a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1195Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antihypertensive and volume-depleting effects of mild exercise on essential hypertension. (1987)

After a general clinical observation period of over 4 weeks, 20 essential hypertensive subjects (Japanese) were randomly divided into two groups. One group (n = 10; 4 men and 6 women; 51.4 +/- 2.8 years of age) agreed to physical training using bicycle ergometer exercise with the intensity at blood lactate threshold for 60 minutes three times a week for 10 weeks, while the other group (n = 10; 4 men and 6 women; 51.0 +/- 2.9 years of age) did no particular physical training and was followed once a week as the control. Changes in blood pressure, hemodynamics, and humoral factors of the exercised group were compared with values in the controls. The following significant changes were found only in the exercised group. Blood pressure was significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced. Whole blood and plasma volume indices were significantly reduced (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01, respectively). The change in ratio of serum sodium to potassium positively correlated with the change in systolic blood pressure (r = 0.76, p less than 0.02). Plasma norepinephrine concentrations both at rest and at the workload of blood lactate threshold during graded exercise tests were significantly reduced (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.02 respectively) after 10 weeks of exercise training. The change in the resting level of plasma norepinephrine positively correlated with that in the mean blood pressure. No such changes were observed in the control group. In both groups, body weight and urinary sodium excretion showed no statistically significant changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Quantification of neurologic deficit (1989)

Part 1 Principles and methodology: quantifying the neurologic examination - an overview quantifying the neurologic examination - principles, constraints, and opportunities what is neurologically normal? measurement science concepts and computerized methodology in the assessment of human performance statistical and methodologic considerations in scale construction statistical considerations for quantitative techniques in clinical neurology. Part 2 Clinical applications: measurement of strength in neuromuscular disease clinical measurements of fatigue and exercise in neuromuscular disease a methodological approach to studying the effects of age and disease on ten spatiotemporal properties of ambulation the use of quantitative techniques to define amytrophic lateral sclerosis isokinetic and functional evaluation of muscle strength over time and in amytrophic lateral sclerosis quantitative techniques in the assessment of multiple sclerosis - the problems and previous solutions disability rating scales for the assessment of multiple sclerosis quantification of sensibility in mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy, and central lesions approaches to quantitative cutaneous sensory assessment a computer evaluation of quantitative algorithms for measuring detection thresholds of cutaneous sensation quantitative tests to determine fiber integrity in the assessment of peripheral nerve function evaluation of limb movement control mechanisms following cortical injury assessment of primary dystonias.
Gene Expression Profiling of Nonneoplastic Mucosa May Predict Clinical Outcome of Colon Cancer Patients (2005)

This study suggests that one can build a prognosis predictor for Stage II and III colon cancer patients, based on microarray gene expression measures, and suggests the potential usefulness of nonneoplastic mucosa for this purpose.
Nuclear spin polarization transfer across an organic-semiconductor interface (2003)

Motivated by Tycko’s proposal to harness optically pumped nuclear spin polarization for the enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals from biological macromolecules, we investigate the transfer of thermal nuclear spin polarization between H1 or F19 in an organic overlayer and P31 at the surface of micron-sized InP particles by Hartmann–Hahn cross polarization. Comparison with analytic and numerical models indicates that the total quantity of polarization transferred across the semiconductor-organic interface is limited by the relatively short room-temperature H1 T1ρ (11 ms) and the slow diffusion of nuclear spin polarization in the semiconductor. Models and spin-counting experiments indicate that we are able to transfer approximately 20% of the total nuclear spin polarization originating in the organic overlayer to the semiconductor, supporting the feasibility of transferred optically pumped NMR.
An evaluation of influenza immunization: influence of route of administration and vaccine strain. (1969)

A field study was undertaken in Tampa, Fla., to assess the efficacy of subcutaneous and aerosol methods of administering vaccine, and to compare the protection afforded by bivalent (A2 and B) influenza virus vaccine and by A2/Hong Kong/68 virus vaccine. Further objectives of the study included a comparison of the effectiveness of single-dose and 2-dose immunization. Approximately 2100 volunteers received, in a double-blind manner, both an injection and an aerosol administration on 2 occasions 3 weeks apart. The results showed that aerosol administration gave a lower over-all protection rate, although the booster dose seemed to have a marked effect. The protection afforded by A2/Hong Kong/68 virus vaccine was considerably greater than that afforded by the bivalent vaccine, particularly when administration was subcutaneous. Results are also given on the occurrence of side-effects and on the correlation between cigarette smoking and the occurrence of influenza-like illness.
Factors Affecting Tear Film Breakup in Normal Eyes (1973)

Tear film breakup time (BUT) was measured in 50 normal subjects. The reproducibility of this value, its relationship to age and sex, the effects of lid holding, and the instillation of a local anesthetic were studied. Results have defined a range of normal values and indicate that holding the lids and the instillation of a local anesthetic significantly reduce BUT. No relationship between BUT and age, sex, or corneal sensation was noted. Breakup time is a reproducible phenomenon in an individual eye.
Heat map visualization of high-density clinical chemistry data (2007)

Clinical chemistry data are routinely generated as part of preclinical animal toxicity studies and human clinical studies. With large-scale studies involving hundreds or even thousands of samples in multiple treatment groups, it is currently difficult to interpret the resulting complex, high-density clinical chemistry data. Accordingly, we conducted this study to investigate methods for easy visualization of complex, high-density data. Clinical chemistry data were obtained from male rats each treated with one of eight different acute hepatotoxicants from a large-scale toxicogenomics study. The raw data underwent a Z-score transformation comparing each individual animal's clinical chemistry values to that of reference controls from all eight studies and then were visualized in a single graphic using a heat map. The utility of using a heat map to visualize high-density clinical chemistry data was explored by clustering changes in clinical chemistry values for >400 animals. A clear distinction was observed in animals displaying hepatotoxicity from those that did not. Additionally, while animals experiencing hepatotoxicity showed many similarities in the observed clinical chemistry alterations, distinct differences were noted in the heat map profile for the different compounds. Using a heat map to visualize complex, high-density clinical chemistry data in a single graphic facilitates the identification of previously unrecognized trends. This method is simple to implement and maintains the biological integrity of the data. The value of this clinical chemistry data transformation and visualization will manifest itself through integration with other high-density data, such as genomics data, to study physiology at the systems level.
A fast CRC implementation on FPGA using a pipelined architecture for the polynomial division (2002)

The CRC error detection is a very common function on telecommunication applications. The evolution towards increasing data rates requires more and more sophisticated implementations. In this paper, we present a method to implement the CRC function based on a pipeline structure for the polynomial division. It improves very effectively the speed performance, allowing data rates from 1 Gbit/s to 4 Gbit/s on FPGA implementations, according to the parallelisation level (8 to 32 bits).
Impaired cardiac performance in GH-deficient adults and its improvement after GH replacement (1994)

Cardiac performance was investigated by radionuclide angiography in 11 patients with childhood-onset growth hormone (GH) deficiency and in 12 control subjects. Both at rest and during maximal physical exercise, systolic function was markedly depressed in GH-deficient patients. Ejection fraction rose from 66 +/- 6 to 76 +/- 7% during exercise in control subjects, whereas in GH-deficient patients it remained unchanged or even decreased (55 +/- 6 and 54 +/- 9% at rest and after exercise, respectively; P < 0.01 vs. controls). Cardiac index was significantly lower in GH-deficient patients than in controls, both at rest (2.7 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.5 l.min-1.m-2; P < 0.001) and during exercise (8 +/- 1.2 vs. 10 +/- 1.5 l.min-1.m-2; P < 0.01). Five GH-deficient patients were treated with recombinant human (rh) GH for 6 mo at a dose of 0.05 IU.kg-1.day-1. Cardiac index at rest improved from 2.8 +/- 0.6 to 3.3 +/- 0.8 l.min-1.m-2 (P < 0.01) after rhGH. Also, cardiac index response to exercise improved markedly and became similar to that of controls (7.5 +/- 1.2 and 10.1 +/- 1.1 l.min-1.m-2 before and after rhGH, respectively; P < 0.005). Exercise tolerance was impaired in GH-deficient patients and was restored by rhGH treatment. The data support the hypothesis that GH plays an important role in the maintenance of a normal cardiac performance in humans.