gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
38. Attempts to find new antimalarials. Part XVIII. Derivatives of m-phenanthroline (1942)

W. O. Kermack and W. Webster, J. Chem. Soc., 1942, 213 DOI: 10.1039/JR9420000213
Diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in pancreatic cancer (2012)

Serum CA 19-9 is the only FDA approved biomarker recommended for use in the routine management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Over 2,000 biomarker studies related to pancreatic cancer appear in the literature, highlighting the need to discover and develop improved tests. Diagnostic biomarkers have implications for early detection of PDA, prognostic markers predict patient survival and recurrence patterns, and predictive markers can help personalize treatment regimens.
Binding of sugar ligands to Ca(2+)-dependent animal lectins. II. Generation of high-affinity galactose binding by site-directed mutagenesis. (1994)

Changes have been introduced into the Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of rat serum mannose-binding protein by site-directed mutagenesis to model the binding sites of homologous galactose-binding CRDs. Binding assays reveal that galactose-binding activity nearly identical to that of the CRD from the asialoglycoprotein receptor can be introduced into the mannose-binding site by 3 single amino acid changes and insertion of a segment of 5 amino acids. Separate changes are required to establish high-affinity binding to galactose and create high selectivity by exclusion of mannose from the binding site. The mutagenesis studies and NMR analysis of sugar-CRD titrations demonstrate that an important component of high-affinity galactose binding is interaction between the B face of the sugar and tryptophan. The binding properties of the C-type CRD from the cartilage proteoglycan, aggrecan, can also be modeled based on the mannose-binding CRD frame-work. This lower affinity binding site involves stacking of a phenylalanine residue against the sugar ligand.
Flow-loop endurance tests compare float performance (1986)

Endurance tests have identified qualities and characteristics of the three types of cement float valves-flapper, ball, and plunger. Plunger valves last the longest. Flappers have the lowest pressure drop, but less endurance. Uncoated ball valves outlast coated ones, but stability is a problem with each. Float equipment consists of structural elements and a nonreturn or check valve. Three basic nonreturn valve design types are commonly used in float equipment. These are the ball, the flapper and the plunger. This article reviews these basic design types and examines variations in configurations and the operating characteristics. The operating characteristics are compared by impact on drilling.
Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Strain Sensor with Direct Reflectometric Interrogation (1996)

We describe a strain sensor concept based on the use of a tailored Bragg grating element in which the grating reflectivity at a given wavelength is monitored with strain. The concept is simple and can be extended to allow the addresing of potentially a large number of elements using OTDR analysis.
Effect of ranitidine on basal and bicarbonate enhanced intragastric PCO2: a tonometric study. (1994)

A high intragastric PCO2 (iPCO2), determined tonometrically, is the main factor participating in a low gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) and may point to gastric mucosal ischaemia. iPCO2 might also increase, however, after buffering of gastric acid by bicarbonate; the magnitude of this effect and the efficacy of H2 blockers to prevent it are unclear. Ten healthy volunteers (20-24 years) were studied at baseline and after oral ingestion of 500 mg sodium bicarbonate. The same test was carried out one hour after intravenous injection of 100 mg ranitidine. A glass pH electrode for continuous gastric juice pH measurements and a Tonomitor catheter were placed 10 cm distally from the gastro-oesophageal junction. iPCO2 was measured in saline boluses, infused at 30 minute intervals in the balloon at the tip of the Tonomitor. Before ranitidine was given, basal iPCO2 (mean (SD)) was 8.40 (2.53) kPa, and increased to 19.20 (5.87) kPa after sodium bicarbonate (p < 0.001). After ranitidine, the gastric juice pH increased from 1.8 (0.9) to 5.6 (1.3) (p < 0.05), while basal iPCO2 was 5.60 (0.67) kPa (p < 0.01) and did not change after sodium bicarbonate (6.27 (2.67) kPa)). iPCO2 values after acid secretion suppression were similar to those in capillary blood (5.60 (0.40 kPa)). The difference between intragastric and blood PCO2 during normal acid secretion probably results from buffering of gastric acid by gastric bicarbonate, rather than by duodenogastric reflux or saliva entering the stomach. During acid secretion suppression, intragastric equals blood PCO2, even after oral ingestion of sodium bicarbonate. Hence, acid secretion inhibition is mandatory for proper assessment of iPCO2 and pHi as specific measures of the adequacy of gastric mucosal blood flow.
Outcome in recurrent head neck cancer treated with salvage-IMRT (2008)

A low salvage rate of only approximately 50% at 2 years was found. Calculated numbers of patients needed to treat with postoperative radiation after initial surgery, in order to avoid recurrence and tumor-specific death, suggest a rather generous use of adjuvant irradiation, usually with simultaneous chemotherapy.
Differential phase contrast with a segmented detector in a scanning X-ray microprobe (2008)

Scanning X-ray microprobes are unique tools for the nanoscale investigation of specimens from the life, environmental, materials and other fields of sciences. Typically they utilize absorption and fluorescence as contrast mechanisms. Phase contrast is a complementary technique that can provide strong contrast with reduced radiation dose for weakly absorbing structures in the multi-keV range. In this paper the development of a segmented charge-integrating silicon detector which provides simultaneous absorption and differential phase contrast is reported. The detector can be used together with a fluorescence detector for the simultaneous acquisition of transmission and fluorescence data. It can be used over a wide range of photon energies, photon rates and exposure times at third-generation synchrotron radiation sources, and is currently operating at two beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source. Images obtained at around 2 keV and 10 keV demonstrate the superiority of phase contrast over absorption for specimens composed of light elements.
Salvad a los delfines: "The cove" (2010)

Oscar al Mejor Documental, el film es mas que una denuncia sobre la carniceria hecha con los delfines: es un trabajo de investigacion planteado, casi, como un thriller de espionaje. Hablamos con su director, Louie Psihoyos.
Comprehensive bidding strategies with genetic programming/finite state automata (1999)

This research is an extension of the authors' previous work in double auctions aimed at developing bidding strategies for electric utilities which trade electricity competitively. The improvements detailed in this paper come from using data structures which combine genetic programming and finite state automata termed GP-Automata. The strategies developed by the method described here are adaptive-reacting to inputs-whereas the previously developed strategies were only suitable in the particular scenario for which they had been designed. The strategies encoded in the GP-Automata are tested in an auction simulator. The simulator pits them against other distribution companies (distcos) and generation companies (gencos), buying and selling power via double auctions implemented in regional commodity exchanges. The GP-Automata are evolved with a genetic algorithm so that they possess certain characteristics. In addition to designing successful bidding strategies (whose usage would result in higher profits) the resulting strategies can also be designed to imitate certain types of trading behaviors. The resulting strategies can be implemented directly in online trading, or can be used as realistic competitors in an off-line trading simulator.
A Novel Approach to Screen for Cytokine Effects on Neuronal Gene Expression (1993)

We describe an assay based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of mRNAs for a variety of transmitter synthetic enzymes and neuropeptides present at low levels in primary neuronal cultures. The assay is specific for mRNA-derived templates and is not affected by the presence of genomic DNA. Using this method, we demonstrate that cholinergic differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor (CDF/LIF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induce mRNAs for choline acetyltransferase, somatostatin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, cholecystokinin, and enkephalin. The induction of cholecystokinin and enkephalin by CDF/LIF and CNTF had not been shown previously. These data illustrate that the assay can reproduce findings obtained with other methods, as well as provide the sensitivity necessary to produce new results. These results also extend the overlap of CDF/LIF and CNTF in controlling gene expression in cultured sympathetic neurons, supporting the idea that these cytokines may share receptor subunits and signal transduction pathways.
Process trees & service chains can serve us to mitigate zero day attacks better (2017)

With technology at our fingertips waiting to be exploited, the past decade saw the revolutionizing Human Computer Interactions. The ease with which a user could interact was the Unique Selling Proposition (USP) of a sales team. Human Computer Interactions have many underlying parameters like Data Visualization and Presentation as some to deal with. With the race, on for better and faster presentations, evolved many frameworks to be widely used by all software developers. As the need grew for user friendly applications, more and more software professionals were lured into the front-end sophistication domain. Application frameworks have evolved to such an extent that with just a few clicks and feeding values as per requirements we are able to produce a commercially usable application in a few minutes. These frameworks generate quantum lines of codes in minutes which leaves a contrail of bugs to be discovered in the future. We have also succumbed to the benchmarking in Software Quality Metrics and have made ourselves comfortable with buggy software's to be rectified in future. The exponential evolution in the cyber domain has also attracted attackers equally. Average human awareness and knowledge has also improved in the cyber domain due to the prolonged exposure to technology for over three decades. As the attack sophistication grows and zero day attacks become more popular than ever, the suffering end users only receive remedial measures in spite of the latest Antivirus, Intrusion Detection and Protection Systems installed. We designed a software to display the complete services and applications running in users Operating System in the easiest perceivable manner aided by Computer Graphics and Data Visualization techniques. We further designed a study by empowering the fence sitter users with tools to actively participate in protecting themselves from threats. The designed threats had impressions from the complete threat canvas in some form or other restricted to systems functioning. Network threats and any sort of packet transfer to and from the system in form of threat was kept out of the scope of this experiment. We discovered that end users had a good idea of their working environment which can be used exponentially enhances machine learning for zero day threats and segment the unmarked the vast threat landscape faster for a more reliable output.
A DRIFTS study of CO adsorption and hydrogenation on Cu-based core–shell nanoparticles (2012)

Core–shell nanoparticles are being considered for various applications due to their controllable atomic structure and improved properties compared to their bulk counterparts. In the present work, we have synthesized Cu@Mn3O4 and Cu@Co3O4 (core@shell) nanocatalysts using wet-chemical synthesis methods involving organic surfactants, and probed their surfaces using CO and H2 under reaction conditions using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The surfactant ligands used in the synthesis of the nanoparticles must be removed to allow access to the active catalyst sites. These ligands can be removed by oxidation, allowing adsorption of CO and H2. This work reports the DRIFTS results of CO adsorption and hydrogenation on Cu@Mn3O4 and Cu@Co3O4 nanoparticles after removing the ligands. The CO hydrogenation results were in agreement with the DRIFTS results, which suggested that the Cu@Co3O4 nanoparticles adsorb CO both dissociatively and associatively, creating a balance between molecular CO required for CO insertion and dissociated surface carbon species required for chain growth. This resulted in higher selectivities towards C2+ alcohols on this catalyst. On the other hand, the Cu@Mn3O4 nanoparticles showed a higher CO uptake and a lower CO dissociation activity, which resulted in a lower CHx concentration on the surface, thus limiting the rate of the CO insertion step required to form higher alcohols.
Visualization of self-delivering hydrophobically modified siRNA cellular internalization (2016)

siRNAs are a new class of therapeutic modalities with promising clinical efficacy that requires modification or formulation for delivery to the tissue and cell of interest. Conjugation of siRNAs to lipophilic groups supports efficient cellular uptake by a mechanism that is not well characterized. Here we study the mechanism of internalization of asymmetric, chemically stabilized, cholesterol-modified siRNAs (sd-rxRNAs<sup>®</sup>) that efficiently enter cells and tissues without the need for formulation. We demonstrate that uptake is rapid with significant membrane association within minutes of exposure followed by the formation of vesicular structures and internalization. Furthermore, sd-rxRNAs are internalized by a specific class of early endosomes and show preferential association with epidermal growth factor (EGF) but not transferrin (Tf) trafficking pathways as shown by live cell TIRF and structured illumination microscopy (SIM). In fixed cells, we observe ∼25% of sd-rxRNA co-localizing with EGF and <5% with Tf, which is indicative of selective endosomal sorting. Likewise, preferential sd-rxRNA co-localization was demonstrated with EEA1 but not RBSN-containing endosomes, consistent with preferential EGF-like trafficking through EEA1-containing endosomes. sd-rxRNA cellular uptake is a two-step process, with rapid membrane association followed by internalization through a selective, saturable subset of the endocytic process. However, the mechanistic role of EEA1 is not yet known. This method of visualization can be used to better understand the kinetics and mechanisms of hydrophobic siRNA cellular uptake and will assist in further optimization of these types of compounds for therapeutic intervention.
The structural basis for receptor recognition of human interleukin-18 (2014)

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family and plays an important role in inflammation. The uncontrolled release of this cytokine is associated with severe chronic inflammatory disease. IL-18 forms a signalling complex with the IL-18 receptor α (Rα) and β (Rβ) chains at the plasma membrane, which induces multiple inflammatory cytokines. Here, we present a crystal structure of human IL-18 bound to the two receptor extracellular domains. Generally, the receptors’ recognition mode for IL-18 is similar to IL-1β; however, certain notable differences were observed. The architecture of the IL-18 receptor second domain (D2) is unique among the other IL-1R family members, which presumably distinguishes them from the IL-1 receptors that exhibit a more promiscuous ligand recognition mode. The structures and associated biochemical and cellular data should aid in developing novel drugs to neutralize IL-18 activity.
Ammonia Triborane:  A Promising New Candidate for Amineborane-Based Chemical Hydrogen Storage (2006)

A convenient and safe method for the synthesis of ammonia triborane is reported along with studies of its hydrolytic reactions that demonstrate ammonia triborane is both soluble and stable in water but that upon the addition of acid or an appropriate transition metal catalyst it rapidly releases hydrogen. These studies indicate that ammonia triborane is a promising material for chemical hydrogen storage applications.
Improving the direction-of-arrival resolution via double code filtering in WCDMA (2000)

This paper presents a new method for improving the azimuthal resolution at the base station of the WCDMA system employing antenna array. The method uses two covariance matrices resulting from double code filtering. The first matrix is extracted by the traditional de-spreading and results in noisy signal estimate. The other matrix is extracted by an orthogonal re-spread method. The orthogonal re-spread (OR) is a new extraction method for the spatial correlation matrix of interference and noise only. The method uses one of the remaining orthogonal variable spreading factor code (OVSF) that is orthogonal to all traffic and control channels to spread energy form the desired user while attempting to maintain the same level of multiple access interference. In the presented method information obtained from OR correlation matrix is used to suppress interference and improve the signal resolution via the whitening (Mahalanobis) transform. Since the proposed method operates as additional transform on the sample covariance matrix, it can be used in conjunction with all DoA estimation methods.
Population Screening for Hemochromatosis by PCR Using Sequence-Specific Primers (2000)

Over 90% of patients with hemochromatosis in the United Kingdom are homozygous for the C282Y mutation on the HFE gene. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the United States has recommended that adults should be screened for HFE mutations to identify susceptible individuals before onset of disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) as a method of large-scale population screening for the common HFE gene mutations, H63D and C282Y. A total of 10,583 consenting blood donors were tested using nonautomated procedures. Three alleles, termed HFE-1, -2, and -3, were detected with phenotype frequencies of 94.56%, 28.33%, and 15.79%, respectively, and gene frequencies of 0.76421, 0.15342, and 0.08237, respectively. All donors identified as homozygous for the C282Y mutation or heterozygous for both the H63D and C282Y mutations were confirmed by heterduplex analysis and/or PCR-SSP. The number of technical failures that affected the identification of donors homozygous for the C282Y mutation was 390 giving an overall repeat rate 3.7%, although this fell to 1% over the last quarter of the study. This study demonstrates that PCR-SSP may be used for large-scale population screening for the C282Y genotype associated with hemochromatosis.
Role of the Media in Vascular Injury: Atherosclerosis and Dissection (2006)

Although a metabolic role for endothelium in toxic injury has been well established, a similar role has not been as thoroughly explored for the vascular media. In this study two forms of vascular medial involvement in toxic injury are examined. Early atherosclerotic plaques are studied by immunohistochemistry for an a class glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isozyme known as hGSTA4-4, which has preferential metabolic activity for a, ss -unsaturated aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation, especially 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Findings in human plaque indicate that hGST A4-4 is highly upregulated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within the plaque and in the medial VSMCs underlying plaque. Endothelial cells, while not expressing hGST A4-4 distant from plaques, were found to express the isozyme in cytoplasm overlying plaque. In a series of second experiments, we illustrate a developmental model of dissecting aortic aneurysm (DAA) obtained by administering semicarbazide, an inhibitor of the little-studied VSMC enzyme semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), to pregnant rats during the last trimester of development. Newborn rats consistently developed DAA which is characterized by splitting of media of ascending thoracic aorta and extensive blood collections surrounding the vessel. These experimental examples emphasize the potential role of the media in toxic insults to blood vessels. Also, the potential importance of toxic injury to developing blood vessels by in utero exposure to xenobiotic substances is illustrated.
Development of an inter-world tele-micro-surgery system with operational environment information transmission capability (2002)

This paper describes the necessary functions and the basic structure of a tele-micro-surgery system. In particular, the system is comprised of a vision system which is focused at the end of a surgical tool and a slave manipulator, the rotational axes of which intersect at the same focal point. These mechanisms realize high positionability that is independent of the approach angle from the microscope and the manipulator to the small object that is being operated on. The system also incorporates the transformation of multi-axis force information to sounds that can be easily interpreted by the operator to indicate the contact state between the tool and the object. Furthermore, an inter-world tele-micro-handling experiment has been executed successfully from a remote site using the Internet and two artificial satellites.
New conformationally stable 4-tert-butyl-1-silacyclohexanes and stereochemistry of insertion of dimethylsilylenes into the silicon-hydrogen bond (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew conformationally stable 4-tert-butyl-1-silacyclohexanes and stereochemistry of insertion of dimethylsilylenes into the silicon-hydrogen bondHideki Sakurai and Masashi MurakamiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 14, 5080–5082Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00769a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00769a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Air Ring Selection for Blown Packaging Film (1985)

Blown film air rings are used primarily to stabilize the bubble and secondarily to cool the melt. They can affect maximum output, size range, or blow up ratio (BUR), gauge uniformity and range, optical properties and strength properties. We have evaluated nine air rings for performance in production of general purpose clarity and high molecular weight, low density polyethylene (HMW LDPE) packag ing film. We find that selection of an air ring can affect the balance of optical and physical properties. We evaluated the air rings with five different resins, and found that the selection of an air ring should depend upon the resin to be used, and the properties to be emphasized.