gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fertility and ageing (2005)

The late 20th century trend to delay birth of the first child until the age at which female fecundity or reproductive capacity is lower has increased the incidence of age-related infertility. The trend and its consequences have also stimulated interest in the possible factors in the female and the male that may contribute to the decline in fecundity with age; in the means that exist to predict fecundity; and in the consequences for pregnancy and childbirth. In the female, the number of oocytes decreases with age until the menopause. Oocyte quality also diminishes, due in part to increased aneuploidy because of factors such as changes in spindle integrity. Although older male age affects the likelihood of conception, abnormalities in sperm chromosomes and in some components of the semen analysis are less important than the frequency of intercourse. Age is as accurate as any other predictor of conception with assisted reproductive technology. The decline in fecundity becomes clinically relevant when women reach their mid-30s, when even assisted reproduction treatment cannot compensate for the decline in fecundity associated with delaying attempts at conceiving. Pregnancies among women aged >40 years are associated with more non-severe complications, more premature births, more congenital malformations and more interventions at birth.
Using the nonseparability of vector beams to encode information for optical communication (2015)

In this work, it is experimentally demonstrated that the nonseparability of vector beams (e.g., radial and azimuthal polarization) can be used to encode information for optical communication. By exploiting the nonseparability of a vector beam's space and polarization degrees of freedom using conventional wave plates, it is shown that 2 bits of information can be encoded when applying the identity and three Pauli operators to its polarization degree of freedom. It is also shown that vector beams can be efficiently decoded with as low as 2.7% cross talk using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer that exploits a higher-order Pancharatnam-Berry phase and liquid crystal q-plates.
Heating of hip joint implants in MRI: The combined effect of RF and switched‐gradient fields (2021)

The analysis confirms that risky situations may occur when a patient carrying a hip implant undergoes an MRI exam and that, in some cases, the gradient field heating may be significant. In general, exclusion criteria only based on whole-body specific absorption rate may not be sufficient to ensure patients' safety.
Diabetes-Induced Alterations in the Extracellular Matrix and Their Impact on Myocardial Function (2012)

Diabetes is an increasing public health problem that is expected to escalate in the future due to the growing incidence of obesity in the western world. While this disease is well known for its devastating effects on the kidneys and vascular system, diabetic individuals can develop cardiac dysfunction, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, in the absence of other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension or atherosclerosis. While much effort has gone into understanding the effects of elevated glucose or altered insulin sensitivity on cellular components within the heart, significant changes in the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) have also been noted. In this review article we highlight what is currently known regarding the effects diabetes has on both the expression and chemical modification of proteins within the ECM and how the fibrotic response often observed as a consequence of this disease can contribute to reduced cardiac function.
Discovery of Potent and Selective Leads against <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Dihydrofolate Reductase via Structure-Based Design (2016)

Current treatment of toxoplasmosis targets the parasite's folate metabolism through inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The most widely used DHFR antagonist, pyrimethamine, was introduced over 60 years ago and is associated with toxicity that can be largely attributed to a similar affinity for parasite and human DHFR. Computational analysis of biochemical differences between <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> and human DHFR enabled the design of inhibitors with both improved potency and selectivity. The approach described herein yielded TRC-19, a promising lead with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 9 nM and 89-fold selectivity in favor of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> DHFR, as well as crystallographic data to substantiate <i>in silico</i> methodology. Overall, 50% of synthesized <i>in silico</i> designs met hit threshold criteria of IC<sub>50</sub> < 10 μM and >2-fold selectivity favoring <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, further demonstrating the efficiency of our structure-based drug design approach.
Être médecin écrivain en 2009 (2009)

Résumé Le temps n’est plus où le corps médical comptait sur sa culture classique, ses « humanités » et son latin de cuisine pour comprendre, soigner et consolider son pouvoir. En 2009, les médecins disposent d’un arsenal thérapeutique et de plateaux techniques qui relèguent les lettres aux chapitres de la préhistoire médicale. Pourtant, alors que la recherche, le diagnostic, les traitements « font des miracles », les médecins sont sujets au doute, à la méfiance, perdent leur prestige. Face à cette remise en question, le nombre de médecins écrivains est en augmentation constante. Du polar au roman philosophique, ils trouvent dans l’écriture un exutoire, un miroir et une trajectoire qui leur permet de transcender les limites et les impasses d’une profession choisie et qu’il n’abandonneraient pour rien au monde.
ZnCl<sub>2</sub>Catalysed Diels-Alder Reactions of Oxa and Aza Bicyclo[3.2.1]systems with Dienes: Formation of Some Novel Heterocyclic Systems (1998)

Abstract ZnCl2 catalysed Diels-Alder reactions of oxa and aza bicyclo[3.2.1systems with dienes yielding highly functionalized heterocycles are described.
A model for concurrent checkpointing and recovery using transactions (2003)

Concurrent checkpointing and recovery using a concurrent transaction processing model which consists of four types of atomic operation and five types of conflict is developed. Each checkpoint/rollback transaction is executed by multiple processes in the system. They can be executed concurrently. It is shown that the consistency of recovery lines and rollback lines established by checkpoint transactions and rollback transactions can be achieved by enforcing serializability on the corresponding transactions. There are two advantages in using a transaction model for concurrent checkpointing and recovery: (1) it is easier to find algorithms to solve a transaction processing problem; and (2) based on this model, related issues of the two corresponding problems can be thought of uniformly. This model clarifies the concepts of concurrent checkpointing and recovery, and brings more ideas for designing algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DLP™-based dichoptic vision test system (2010)

It can be useful to present a different image to each of the two eyes while they cooperatively view the world. Such dichoptic presentation can occur in investigations of stereoscopic and binocular vision (e.g., strabismus, amblyopia) and vision rehabilitation in clinical and research settings. Various techniques have been used to construct dichoptic displays. The most common and most flexible modern technique uses liquid-crystal (LC) shutters. When used in combination with cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, there is often leakage of light from the image intended for one eye into the view of the other eye. Such interocular crosstalk is 14% even in our state of the art CRT-based dichoptic system. While such crosstalk may have minimal impact on stereo movie or video game experiences, it can defeat clinical and research investigations. We use micromirror digital light processing (DLP) technology to create a novel dichoptic visual display system with substantially lower interocular crosstalk (0.3%; remaining crosstalk comes from the LC shutters). The DLP system normally uses a color wheel to display color images. Our approach is to disable the color wheel, synchronize the display directly to the computer's sync signal, allocate each of the three (former) color presentations to one or both eyes, and open and close the LC shutters in synchrony with those color events.
Functional Relationship between Mast Cells and C-Sensitive Nerve Fibres Evidenced by Histamine H3-Receptor Modulation in Rat Lung and Spleen (1994)

1. Mast cell populations in rat lung and spleen were characterized by the presence of two specific protease markers, rat mast cell protease I and II, using both histochemical and radioimmunoassay techniques. Three mast cell populations with different size, morphology, and localization were found in lung and spleen and were identified according to the expression of rat mast cell protease I (RMCPI+) or rat mast cell protease II (RMCPII+) or of both proteases (RMCPI/II+). 2. All three mast cell types were in the vicinity of calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-immunoreactive (CGRP+) nerve fibres in controls as well as in rats infected by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in which a large increase in the number of both RMCPII+ and RMCPI/II+ mast cells was found. Ablation of the CGRP+ fibres by neonatal treatment with capsaicin resulted in a marked increase in the number of RMCPII+ and RMCPI/II+ cells in lung and, even more, in spleen of adult rats. 3. The interaction of mast cells with CGRP+ C-fibres was assessed pharmacologically by evaluation of the effects of histamine H3-receptor ligands known to act on various types of nerve endings, including those of C-fibres. The effects of H3-receptor ligands were assessed in controls, nematode-infected rats and neonatally capsaicinized rats. Mast cell activity was evaluated by measurement of [3H]histamine synthesis from [3H]histidine. In control rats, administration of the H3-receptor agonist (R)-alpha-methylhistamine and antagonist thioperamide, decreased and enhanced respectively [3H]histamine synthesis in lung and spleen, indicating a tonic control of mast cell activity by histamine via H3-receptors. Such effects were not found in the jejunum, although RMCPII+ mast cells are in close apposition with neuropeptide-containing fibres. The effects of the H3-receptor agents were maintained in lung and spleen of nematode-infected rats, but were almost suppressed in capsaicinized rats. 4. It is concluded that the control of mast cells by histamine acting at H3-receptors involves neuropeptide-containing nerves and presumably reflects the operation of a local neuron-mast cell feedback loop controlling processes such as 'neurogenic inflammation'. This loop still functions when mast cells proliferate in an inflammatory condition. These observations suggest that the use of histamine H3-receptor agonists may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to limit excessive inflammatory responses resulting from dysregulation of this feedback loop.
<title>Mesh-equipped Wehnelt source for SCALPEL</title> (1999)

The SCALPEL E-beam lithography tool requires an extremely uniform, high emittance E-beam to illuminate the Mask. The existing SCALPEL source utilizes a pure metal cathode operating in the temperature limited mode, thus having limited total emission current available. The usable emitter size of this cathode is constrained by its direct heating scheme, which sets an upper limit for the beam emittance. Furthermore, to generate a uniform beam, a conventional source should be designed to have a high cut-off voltage, which precludes an efficient electronic beam current control. We have studied the possibility of implementing a large area flat cathode and fine control grid mesh combination, potentially capable of providing high emission uniformity, high beam current and low beam control voltage.
Efficacy of Controlled-Release Paroxetine in the Treatment of Late-Life Depression (2003)

Paroxetine CR and paroxetine IR are effective and well tolerated treatments for major depressive disorder in elderly patients, including those with chronic depression.
New SEC-DED-DAEC codes for multiple bit upsets mitigation in memory (2011)

Nowadays, multiple bit upsets (MBUs) have been widely investigated in memories. Conventional single error correction and double error detection (SEC-DED) codes are capable of correcting one error and detecting all possible double errors. However, they may not provide adequate protection against MBUs. This paper proposes new single-error-correction, double-error-detection double-adjacent-error-correction (SEC-DED-DAEC) codes to mitigate radiation or noise source induced MBUs in memories. The proposed SEC-DED-DAEC codes are obtained from conventional SEC-DED codes according to the mathematics model established in this paper. They can detect and correct all adjacent double bit errors and assure a lower miscorrection probability for non-adjacent double bit errors compared with other SEC-DED-DAEC codes. Furthermore, the redundancy bits of the proposed scheme are the same as those of conventional SEC-DED codes. This means that the increase of correct-capability do not cause additional hardware overhead for the memory system. Finally, the experiment results reveal that the proposed scheme reduces the miscorrection probability of non-adjacent double bit errors by 12% compared to the best known SEC-DED-DAEC codes. Moreover, compared to the well known BCH codes, the proposed scheme reduces 40% hardware redundancy and keeps an acceptable reliability.
Timing error measurement for highly linear wideband Digital to Analog Converters (2011)

The switching characteristics of Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) unit elements can limit DAC dynamic performance at high speeds. Unbalances and mismatches in clock, data and output networks create a non-identical environment for every current cell. Together with mismatch in current cell switching transistors and other non-idealities, this causes the switching characteristics of the current cells to be non-identical. A new method for measuring the timing error is presented. The measurement method is shown to be insensitive to all important non-idealities in the DAC and the measurement circuit. Transistor level simulations show that the measurement accuracy is better than 125fs. Together with an ideal calibration loop, this measurement accuracy can lead to an average SFDR of more than 95dB when applied to an exemplary 12 bit 1GSps DAC.
High-Frequency Components of Ocean Waves and Their Relation to the Aerodynamic Roughness (1973)

Ocean waves of high frequency (from about 10 to 200 rad sec−1) were observed by means of a thin capacitance-type wave gage. The representative rms height, hp, of the sea-surface irregularities associated with the high-frequency waves is less than the thickness of the laminar sub-layer under light winds, but increases with wind speed and exceeds the thickness of the laminar sublayer when the wind speed exceeds 3 m sec−1. The values of the roughness Reynolds number, hpu*/v, which delineate the upper limit of the smooth surface regime and the lower limit of the fully rough regime are found to be about 6 and 67, respectively. Power spectra vs frequency n from the present field observations indicate a significant departure from the n−5 saturation relation of Phillips at frequencies in the range 10–250 rad sec−1. Moreover, the departure increases with wind speed indicating that a saturation limit does not seem to exist for the capillary range.
Redox balance is key to explaining full vs. partial switching to low-yield metabolism (2012)

Maintaining redox balance is key to explaining why some microbes decrease the flux through the high-yield pathway, while other microbes use "overflow-like" low-yield metabolism.
THE ACTION OF METALLIC SODIUM ON BROMINATED CYCLIC ACETALS<sup>1</sup> (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF METALLIC SODIUM ON BROMINATED CYCLIC ACETALS1Harold S. Hill and G. J. C. PotterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 5, 1509–1514Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01380a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01380a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication Using Interface Diversity (2017)

An important ingredient of the future 5G systems will be ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). A way to offer URLLC without intervention in the baseband/PHY layer design is to use interface diversity and integrate multiple communication interfaces, each interface based on a different technology. In this paper, we propose to use coding to seamlessly distribute coded payload and redundancy data across multiple available communication interfaces. We formulate an optimization problem to find the payload allocation weights that maximize the reliability at specific target latency values. In order to estimate the performance in terms of latency and reliability of such an integrated communication system, we propose an analysis framework that combines traditional reliability models with technology-specific latency probability distributions. Our model is capable to account for failure correlation among interfaces/technologies. By considering different scenarios, we find that the optimized strategies can in some cases significantly outperform strategies based on k-out-of-n erasure codes, where the latter do not account for the characteristics of the different interfaces. The model has been validated through simulation and is supported by experimental results.
Oxidation of Ethylene Carbonate on Li Metal Oxide Surfaces (2018)

Understanding the reactivity of the cathode surface is of key importance to the development of batteries. Here, density functional theory is applied to investigate the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte component, ethylene carbonate (EC), on layered LixMO2 oxide surfaces. We compare adsorption energy trends of atoms and small molecules, on both surface oxygen and metal sites, as a function of the Li content of the surface. The oxygen sites are identified as the reactive site for the electrolyte oxidation reaction (EOR). We report reaction energies and NEB-calculated kinetic barriers for the initial oxidative decomposition of EC, and correlate both with the reaction energy of hydrogen adsorption on oxygen. The hydrogen adsorption energy scales with the distance between the Fermi level and the O-2p band center. We expect this model of the EOR to be valid for other organic electrolytes and other Li metal oxide surfaces, due to its simplicity, and the model leads to simple design principles for protective coatings.
Overview Of Acquisition, Tracking, And Pointing System Technologies (1988)

Many current and future electro-optical systems employ acquisition, tracking, and pointing subsystems. The functions of these subsystems and their relationships are defined, and typical components are identified. Theoretical performance equations are presented in a tutorial fashion. Current performance levels are reviewed for ground-based, airborne, and space-based applications.
A highly distributed switching system architecture (1990)

The author discusses modular software techniques supported by a fully distributed hardware system design and how this architecture will position network nodes for future demands. He describes the hardware design required to distribute functions to real-time processing areas within the architecture. He addresses how the system's operating software must make intelligent decisions on resource management and peer communication. He describes how functional software is distributed to support growth from a small switching system to one with very large capacity. Finally, he shows how modular architectures provide the best means of satisfying the need for operating company programmability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Pentacyanoruthenate(II)‐Pentaammineruthenium(II/III) Binuclear Complexes Bridged by Cyanogen, Cyanide, and 4,4′‐Bipyridine. (1988)

Abstract The title complexes (III), (VI) or (VII) are prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and differential‐pulse voltammetric methods.
The prediction of bacteria type and culture growth phase by an electronic nose with a multi-layer perceptron network (1998)

An investigation into the use of an electronic nose to predict the class and growth phase of two potentially pathogenic micro-organisms, Eschericha coli ( E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus), has been performed. In order to do this we have developed an automated system to sample, with a high degree of reproducibility, the head space of bacterial cultures grown in a standard nutrient medium. Head spaces have been examined by using an array of six different metal oxide semiconducting gas sensors and classified by a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with a back-propagation (BP) learning algorithm. The performance of 36 different pre-processing algorithms has been studied on the basis of nine different sensor parameters and four different normalization techniques. The best MLP was found to classify successfully 100% of the unknown S. aureus samples and 92% of the unknown E. coli samples, on the basis of a set of 360 training vectors and 360 test vectors taken from the lag, log and stationary growth phases. The real growth phase of the bacteria was determined from optical cell counts and was predicted from the head space samples with an accuracy of 81%. We conclude that these results show considerable promise in that the correct prediction of the type and growth phase of pathogenic bacteria may help both in the more rapid treatment of bacterial infections and in the more efficient testing of new anti-biotic drugs.