gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature integrated process below 500℃ for thin Ta_2O_5 capacitor for Giga-bit DRAMs (1994)

A new Low-Tempcrature Integrated (LTI) process has been developed for giga-bit DRAMs with a thin Ta,O, capacitor. The maximum process temperature after capacitor formation is restricted to lower than 500°C in the LTI process. This process can reduce the capacitor leakage current by approximately four orders of magnitude in comparison with convenhonal high-temperature processes. A ten times improvement in data-retention tie has been verified in an experimental DRAM device with 2.5nm Ta,O, capacitors by the LTI process.
Allomonal effect of breath contributes to differential attractiveness of humans to the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. (2004)

BACKGROUND: Removal of exhaled air from total body emanations or artificially standardising carbon dioxide (CO2) outputs has previously been shown to eliminate differential attractiveness of humans to certain blackfly (Simuliidae) and mosquito (Culicidae) species. Whether or not breath contributes to between-person differences in relative attractiveness to the highly anthropophilic malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto remains unknown and was the focus of the present study. METHODS: The contribution to and possible interaction of breath (BR) and body odours (BO) in the attraction of An. gambiae s.s. to humans was investigated by conducting dual choice tests using a recently developed olfactometer. Either one or two human subjects were used as bait. The single person experiments compared the attractiveness of a person's BR versus that person's BO or a control (empty tent with no odour). His BO and total emanations (TE = BR+BO) were also compared with a control. The two-person experiments compared the relative attractiveness of their TE, BO or BR, and the TE of each person against the BO of the other. RESULTS: Experiments with one human subject (P1) as bait found that his BO and TE collected more mosquitoes than the control (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively), as did his BO and the control versus his BR (P < 0.001 and P = 0.034, respectively). The TE of P1 attracted more mosquitoes than that of another person designated P8 (P < 0.021), whereas the BR of P8 attracted more mosquitoes than the BR of P1 (P = 0.001). The attractiveness of the BO of P1 versus the BO of P8 did not differ (P = 0.346). The BO from either individual was consistently more attractive than the TE from the other (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated for the first time that human breath, although known to contain semiochemicals that elicit behavioural and/or electrophysiological responses (CO2, ammonia, fatty acids) in An. gambiae also contains one or more constituents with allomonal (~repellent) properties, which inhibit attraction and may serve as an important contributor to between-person differences in the relative attractiveness of humans to this important malaria vector.
Reflecting on group discussions for professional learning: annotating videoclips with voice annotations (2002)

This paper considers how multimedia communications technologies can support reflective learning by distributed professionals, following their participation in group tasks. In particular, the paper reports on the uses made by collaborating practitioners of stored voice messages, called voice annotations. The annotations have been used by learning technology professionals to create and share reflections on group processes. The groups were filmed taking part in discussions from which critical incidents, e.g., of negotiation have been selected and presented back to the group members as digital videoclips. Voice annotations have been used by the participants to offer reflections upon the clips and these annotated clips are now being shared online among this community. Analysis of the observational and verbal protocol data from this study is revealing the value of these rich representations for reflective learning from group practices.
A COMPARISON OF TWO DUSTINESS EVALUATION METHODS (1992)

Two test systems for evaluating dustiness, the Stauber-Heubach (S-H) device and the laboratory dust disperser (LDD), were compared by using two different materials at airflow rates of 4, 10, 25, 50, and 75 L/min. With both devices, the dustiness index for each material increased with airflow rate. Flow rate is an important variable for dustiness tests and should be carefully controlled. Dustiness rankings for the two test materials were related to the test system used. Particle size measurements were also made to enable calculation of an inhalable dustiness index (dust levels associated with particles ≤ 15 µm). The inhalable dustiness index correlated well with the dustiness index for the LDD but not for the S-H. Caution should be used in the interpretation of laboratory dustiness tests; no one instrument or flow rate can absolutely predict dust generation in commercial settings. Dust testing systems provide a relative dust evaluation that may translate qualitatively but not quantitatively to other dust-generating systems. When there is concern for human inhalation exposure, particle size measurements should be incorporated into dustiness tests so that an estimate of “inhalable” dust may be attempted.
Enhanced in Vivo Blood–Brain Barrier Penetration by Circular Tau–Transferrin Receptor Bifunctional Aptamer for Tauopathy Therapy (2020)

The lack of blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrating ability has hindered the delivery of many therapeutic agents for tauopathy treatment. In this study, we report the synthesis of a circular bifunctional aptamer to enhance the in vivo BBB penetration for better tauopathy therapy. The circular aptamer consists of one reported transferrin receptor (TfR) aptamer to facilitate TfR-aptamer recognition-induced transcytosis across BBB endothelial cells, and one Tau protein aptamer that we recently selected to inhibit Tau phosphorylation and other tauopathy-related pathological events in the brain. This novel circular Tau-TfR bifunctional aptamer displays significantly improved plasma stability and brain exposure, as well as the ability to disrupt tauopathy and improve traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced cognitive/memory deficits in vivo, providing important proof-of-principle evidence that circular Tau-TfR aptamer can be further developed into diagnostic and therapeutic candidates for tauopathies.
A Recursive Descent Algorithm for Finding the Optimal Minimax Piecewise Linear Approximation of Convex Functions (2008)

The optimal minimax solution to the N segment piecewise linear approximation of arbitrary convex differentiable functions over a finite range is described. The optimal solution is uniquely described by the derivatives at N distinct points. The optimality of the solution is proven and a recursive descent algorithm is proposed. The efficacy of the algorithm and optimality of the solution are demonstrated in example solutions for commonly used functions.
Timing of the Occurrence of Pulmonary Embolism in Trauma Patients (1997)

Pulmonary embolism occurs in the immediate period following injury. Aggressive workup in patients with signs consistent with PE should be instituted promptly. Trauma patients who have at least 1 risk factor for thromboembolism should receive prophylaxis as soon after injury as possible.
Human U937 cell surface peptidase activities: characterization and degradative effect on tumor necrosis factor‐α (1992)

Surface peptidase activities on the human monocytic lineage cell line U937 were characterized. Two diisopropyl phosphofluoridate (DFP)-inhibitable serine peptidases were identified by differences in their hydrolytic activities on chromogenic peptides: one removed tripeptides from the free NH2-terminal end of the synthetic peptide Ala-Ala-Phe-p-nitroanilide (pNA) and was not inhibited by inhibitors of metallo-, cysteic-, and aspartic-proteinases, or by those of elastase-, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like enzymes, suggesting the presence of a hitherto unidentified serine tripeptidyl endopeptidase; the other peptidase catalyzed the release of Gly-Pro from Gly-Pro-pNA and was inhibited by DFP, phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride and diprotin A, thus resembling dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) with respect to its substrate specificity and inhibitor profile. A group of N-exo-aminopeptidase activities specifically inhibited by bestatin, was also detected when Ala-, Leu-, Arg- and Lys-pNA were used a substrates. The activities were surface associated and not secreted as determined by extracellular location of product and enzymatic recovery in highly purified U937 cell membranes. Peripheral monocytes and macrophages were found to virtually exhibit identical levels of these two classes of peptidase activities when compared to those detected on U937 cells. The relative contributions of these hydrolytic enzymes to the cleavage of bioactive and radioiodinated cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha and interferon-gamma was next examined. The results indicated that N-aminopeptidases do not appear to participate in the catabolism of any tested cytokine. In contrast, the most interesting finding was that both serine peptidases participate in TNF-alpha degradation. Analysis of the final proteolytic digestion products demonstrated the disappearance of the native 17-kDa molecule TNF-alpha, and the concomitant release of biologically inactive fragments of less than or equal to 2 kDa. Together, these observations indicate new roles for both the DPP IV-like enzyme and the tripeptidyl endopeptidase located at the surface of human monocytic cells, including the regulation of the extracellular TNF-alpha concentration. Thus, the identification of functional ectopeptidases provides insight into their potential role in both normal and malignant monocytic function.
Robust motion estimation in video coding at low bit-rate (2004)

A novel approach to optimize MC-DCT (motion compensated discrete cosine transform) hybrid video coding based on robust motion estimation is proposed in this paper. The approach introduces the robust estimation algorithm, i.e. least median squares (LMedS) method, from statistics into the block matching process for motion estimation in video coding. An important advantage of this approach is that it can result in better subjective video quality compared with traditional least mean squares (LMS) based block-matching algorithms, because robust motion estimation can detect the most significant underlying motion of the picture block more accurately, which can avoid the progressive degradation on subjective video quality due to the propagation of the errors owing to insufficient bits for coding the MC-DCT errors at low ing bit-rate. Experimental results obtained had supported our proposition on using LMedS-based matching criterion in block-matching motion estimation for low bit-rate video coding.
Spoken digit recognition using a hierarchical temporal memory (2008)

In this paper we explore the feasibility of the MemoryPrediction Theory, implemented in the form of a Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM), for automatic speech recognition. Up to nowHTMs have almost exclusively been applied to image processing. However, the underlying theory can also be used as an approach to active perception of audio signals. Using the software platform under development by NUMENTA we implemented a system for isolated digit recognition, the speech recognition task that can be most easily cast in a form similar to image recognition. Our results show that the HTM approach holds promises for speech recognition. At the same time it is clear that the present implementation is not ideally suited for processing signals that encode information mainly in dynamic changes.
High-temperature observations of braze alloy spreading by oxide penetration (1981)

The authors describe an investigation of the wetting mechanism of a gold–nickel (82–18 wt-%) vacuum brazing alloy on an oxidation-resistant stainless steel by the combined use of hot stage scanning electron microscopy (HSSEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). With HSSEM the melting process could be recorded under a vacuum of 13 mPa and with EPMA and AES the surface of a specimen could be explored analytically. In this way the authors have greatly increased the information available on interaction between the substrate and the braze alloy when it melts. It has been well documented that this Au–Ni alloy is an extremely reliable alloy for use in the aerospace industry and consequently the observations made are of importance in identifying the properties of a successful brazing alloy. Photography during the melting and flowing process reveals that as the Au–Ni alloy flows, it is preceded by a halo ahead of the edge of the molten mass. These haloes have been identified clearly by photography at high-tilt angle to be a lifting of a surface layer on the steel by the molten alloy flowing beneath it. Analysis of the cold specimen with AES and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that this layer is the oxide, mainly Cr2O3. It is shown that an important step in initiating the flow is the breakdown of the surface oxide layer at points where the presence of the molten Au–Ni has reduced the local oxygen potential and that silicon in the steel plays a role in this process. Suboxide spreading is the only mechanism of flow that could be discovered and a mathematical model is derived to account for the spreading characteristics based on the authors' observations and gives some indication of the factors which are involved in controlling the spreading process.
Thin Epitaxial Silicon for De/Dx Detectors (1977)

The techniques for fabricating thin self-supporting epitaxial films for dE/dx detectors have been studied. Detectors having thicknesses between 1 and 4 μm with areas of 12.5 mm2 have been fabricated and tested. The response of the detectors has been studied with alpha particles, oxygen ions, and fission fragments.
Método para aplicação do trabalho padronizado (2013)

O trabalho padronizado tem sido amplamente utilizado na manufatura. Através de sua aplicação, resultados positivos em termos de produtividade e estabilização de processos tem alcançados. Na construção, a adoção desta forma de padronização é ainda incipiente, sendo observadas apenas aplicações parciais. Como consequência, não existe ainda conhecimento suficiente sobre as formas eficazes de adaptação deste conceito ao contexto da construção, com resultados tão significativos quanto os observados na manufatura. O objetivo deste artigo é propor um método para aplicação do trabalho padronizado ao contexto da construção. Foram realizados dois estudos de caso exploratórios em atividades de características diferentes: assentamento de porcelanato no piso e execução de estaca Franki. O método proposto consiste em uma adaptação de outro método de aplicação do trabalho padronizado, que vem sendo utilizado na manufatura. Constatou-se, ao final da pesquisa, que este método pode ser adaptado ao setor da construção, possibilitando uma análise estruturada com foco na otimização de recursos utilizados. A principal contribuição do trabalho é evidenciar a potencialidade de aplicação do trabalho padronizado no contexto da construção e despertar o interesse na aplicação prática deste conceito, e na continuidade de pesquisas neste tópico.
JavaScript Code Suggestion Based on Deep Learning (2019)

Code suggestion system is widely used in integrated development environments (IDEs) for generating code recommendations while editing to improve program efficiency. Current most common systems focus on the settings that complete a single code unit or predict likely next single unit. In this paper, we describe a code suggestion prototype system for JavaScript based on Jupyter Notebook [1] (an IDE) to provide multiple successive code units completion. Our main work is as follows: 1. Provide a JavaScript pre-processing solution for feature extraction; 2. Apply several deep learning technologies, including LSTM [2], attention mechanism (AM) [3] and sparse point network (SPN) [4] to support system performance; 3. Design a solution for model deployment and provide post-processing methods to improve user experience. Offline model performance shows that the LSTM + SPN has achieved a 79.73% all-token accuracy rate and 44.34% identifier accuracy rate among top 5 predictions respectively. Online evaluation shows that the demo system fits practical application experience.
Online Parameter Identification of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Nonlinear Magnetics based on the Inverter Induced Current Slopes and the dq-System Equations (2019)

This paper shows a fast online parameter identification method for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PSMs), which uses the PWM (pulse width modulation) excitations and no additional test signals. Based on the inverter induced current slopes, the corresponding applied voltages, the rotor angle and a precise machine model, the model's parameters are calculated. Thereby the machine model consists of the dq-system equations, linearized within one PWM period. For stable and precise identification of the PSM machine parameters, the machine model has to be modified with a regularization approach. The identified parameters enable self-commissioning, tuning of the control parameters, condition monitoring or inner fault detection. In this paper the theoretical approach of the suggested method and simulation results of an equivalent test-bench system are presented.
The Analysis of Spherical Flow with Wellbore Storage (1980)

ABSTRACT The theory describing the flow of fluid in a spherical system affected by wellbore storage has been derived. Type curves have subsequently been developed based upon this derived theory which facilitate the analysis of spherical flow behaviour dominated by wellbore storage at short times. The analysis of long time pressure transients when wellbore storage becomes less important is also discussed with reference to a cartesian plotting technique. Finally the analysis of data from interference tests for isotropic and anisotropic systems is also discussed.
Technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate scintimammography to image primary breast cancer. (1995)

Technetium-99m-MDP is concentrated by primary breast carcinoma 10-20 min after injection, enabling successful external gamma imaging. Scintimammography with 99mTc-MDP is an accurate test that differentiates malignant from benign breast lesions, particularly in patients with indeterminate mammograms.
The balance between the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 determines tissue injury and lethality during intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (2005)

A major goal in the treatment of acute ischemia of a vascular territory is to restore blood flow to normal values, i.e. to "reperfuse" the ischemic vascular bed. However, reperfusion of ischemic tissues is associated with local and systemic leukocyte activation and trafficking, endothelial barrier dysfunction in postcapillary venules, enhanced production of inflammatory mediators and great lethality. This phenomenon has been referred to as "reperfusion injury" and several studies demonstrated that injury is dependent on neutrophil recruitment. Furthermore, ischemia and reperfusion injury is associated with the coordinated activation of a series of cytokines and adhesion molecules. Among the mediators of the inflammatory cascade released, TNF-alpha appears to play an essential role for the reperfusion-associated injury. On the other hand, the release of IL-10 modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production and reperfusion-associated tissue injury. IL-1beta, PAF and bradykinin are mediators involved in ischemia and reperfusion injury by regulating the balance between TNF-alpha and IL-10 production. Strategies that enhance IL-10 and/or prevent TNF-alpha concentration may be useful as therapeutic adjuvants in the treatment of the tissue injury that follows ischemia and reperfusion.
Prediction about severity and outcome of sepsis by pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and pro-adrenomedullin. (2010)

Pro-ANP and pro-ADM are valuable biomarkers for prediction of severity of septic patients.
Novel nitroxides for spin-labelling, -trapping, and magnetic resonance imaging applications (1990)

Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bladder cancer prevention (2000)

Inclusion of phenacetin among 'proven' human carcinogens by the IARC in 1987, raised concerns about the carcinogenic potential of acetaminophen, its major metabolite. Acetaminophen has been implicated as a possible causal agent in the development of cancer of the renal pelvis. The bladder and renal pelvis, which derive from the same embryological structure, share the same transitional type of epithelium. Past studies have been inconclusive on the possible relationship among these analgesics and bladder cancer but no large, highly detailed study of this association has been conducted. A population-based case-control study conducted in Los Angeles, California, involved 1514 incident bladder cancer cases and an equal number of controls who were matched to the index cases by sex, date of birth (within 5 years) and race. Detailed information on medication use and prior medical conditions was collected through in-person interviews. Regular use of analgesics was not associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in either men or women. In fact, compared with non- or irregular users, regular analgesic users were at a decreased risk of bladder cancer overall (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68-0.96). However, there were clear differences in both the direction and strength of the associations between the different formulation classes of analgesics and bladder cancer risk. Intake of phenacetin was positively related to bladder cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner while intake of its major metabolite in humans, acetaminophen, was unrelated to risk. Intake of all classes of NSAIDs, except pyrazolon derivatives, were negatively associated with bladder cancer risk, with suggestive evidence that the protective effect varies in strength by subcategories of formulation. Acetic acids seemed to exhibit the strongest protective effect, whereas aspirin/other salicylic acids and oxicam showed the weakest protection.
Regulatory roles of Fnr, Fur, and Arc in expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase in Escherichia coli. (1992)

Transcriptional regulation of the sodA gene, encoding the manganese superoxide dismutase (superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) of Escherichia coli, was studied by monitoring expression of sodA-lacZ in different genetic backgrounds and under different growth conditions. Mutations in the fnr gene were found to affect aerobic and anaerobic expression of sodA-lacZ. Potential Fnr-binding sites were identified in the promoter region of sodA. Strains harboring simultaneous mutations in arcA/B and fur expressed sodA-lacZ under anaerobic growth conditions but were still inducible by iron chelators. However, in the triple mutants (fnr fur arcA/B) sodA-lacZ was fully expressed under anaerobiosis and was not further induced by the presence of 2,2'-dipyridyl, nitrate, or oxidants. On the other hand, aerobic expression of sodA-lacZ from a Fur-strain was approximately 3.8-fold higher than that from the wild-type strain but was diminished by introducing mutations in fnr or arcA/B. In conclusion, Fnr, Arc, and Fur act as anaerobic repressors of sodA. Furthermore, the regulation of sodA by Fur (ferric uptake regulation protein), Arc (aerobic respiratory control), and Fnr (fumarate nitrate reduction/regulator of anaerobic respiration) is independent of the superoxide response regulon SoxRS.