gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-step Processing of Human Frataxin by Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase (2000)

We showed previously that maturation of the human frataxin precursor (p-fxn) involves two cleavages by the mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP). This observation was not confirmed by another group, however, who reported only one cleavage. Here, we demonstrate conclusively that MPP cleaves p-fxn in two sequential steps, yielding a 18,826-Da intermediate (i-fxn) and a 17,255-Da mature (m-fxn) form, the latter corresponding to endogenous frataxin in human tissues. The two cleavages occur between residues 41-42 and 55-56, and both match the MPP consensus sequence RX downward arrow (X/S). Recombinant rat and yeast MPP catalyze the p --> i step 4 and 40 times faster, respectively, than the i --> m step. In isolated rat mitochondria, p-fxn undergoes a sequence of cleavages, p --> i --> m --> d(1) --> d(2), with d(1) and d(2) representing two C-terminal fragments of m-fxn produced by an unknown protease. The i --> m step is limiting, and the overall rate of p --> i --> m does not exceed the rate of m --> d(1) --> d(2), such that the levels of m-fxn do not change during incubations as long as 3 h. Inhibition of the i --> m step by a disease-causing frataxin mutation (W173G) leads to nonspecific degradation of i-fxn. Thus, the second of the two processing steps catalyzed by MPP limits the levels of mature frataxin within mitochondria.
Optical high speed (100 Mbps) token ring system (2003)

A 100 Mb/s*2 optical dual ring system called Pana-Lan-100 has been developed which supports both packet switching and circuit switching service on a slotted ring. The circuit switching slots, which can be used for telephone and high-speed facsimile, are assigned dynamically on demand. The MAC (memory access controller) sublayer packet switching is done by a one-chip VLSI called the TRP (token ring processor), which executes a proprietary token protocol using all the remaining slots of the frame except circuit switching slots at the rate of 100 Mb/s. As the maximum packet size of the TRP is designed as 64 Kbyte it is suited to bulk data transmission.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An improved analytical IGBT model for loss calculation including junction temperature and stray inductance (2015)

An improved analytical model suitable for IGBT modules is proposed in this paper to calculate the power losses with high accuracy and short calculation time. In this model, the parameters varying with junction temperature of the modules, such as di/dt in the turn-on period and dv/dt in the turn-off period, are discussed and derived according to several equivalent models. In addition, the parasitic inductance in the circuit including the emitter and collector inductance in the power circuits and the gate inductance in the driving loop are considered in this model. Based on this proposed model, the simulation switching waveforms of collector currents and collector-emitter voltages are provided to verify the model. Meanwhile, the calculated power losses are confirmed to be precise by comparing with measurement results.
Nutritional Management of Acute Diarrhea (1996)

Dietary treatment of acute childhood diarrhea is a subject of debate. The present report shows that normal age-appropriate diet can be resumed directly after rehydration has been accomplished, and can include previously tolerated cow-milk products. Probiotic treatment in the form of a fermented milk may be recommended.
Estimating Future Highway Construction Costs (2003)

The objective of this research was to develop a model that estimates future highway construction costs in Louisiana. The model describes overall highway construction cost in terms of a highway construction cost index. The index is a composite measure of the cost of construction labor, materials, and equipment; the characteristics of contracts; and the environment in which contracts are let. Future construction costs are described in terms of predicted index values based on forecasts of the price of construction labor, materials, and equipment and the expected contract characteristics and contract environments. The contract characteristics and contract environments that are under the control of highway agency officials, can be manipulated to reflect future cost-cutting policies. Application of the model in forecasting to highway construction costs in Louisiana shows that the model closely replicates past construction costs for the period 1984–1997. When applied to forecasting future highway construction costs, the model predicts that highway construction costs in Louisiana will double between 1998 and 2015. Applying cost-cutting policies and assuming input costs are 20% less than anticipated, the model estimates highway construction costs will increase by 75% between 1998 and 2015.
Comparing distributions and shapes using the kernel distance (2011)

Starting with a similarity function between objects, it is possible to define a distance metric (the kernel distance) on pairs of objects, and more generally on probability distributions over them. These distance metrics have a deep basis in functional analysis and geometric measure theory, and have a rich structure that includes an isometric embedding into a Hilbert space. They have recently been applied to numerous problems in machine learning and shape analysis.
Efficient combinational verification using BDDs and a hash table (2002)

We propose a novel methodology that combines local BDDs with a hash table for very efficient verification of combinational circuits. The main purpose of this technique is to remove the considerable overhead associated with the case-by-case verification of internal node pairs in typical internal correspondence based verification methods. Two heuristics based on the number of structural levels of circuitry looked at and the total number of nodes in the BDD manager are used to control the BDD sizes and introduce new cutsets based on already found equivalent nodes. We verify the ISCAS85 benchmark circuits and demonstrate significant speedup over existing methods. We also verify several hard industrial circuits and show our superiority in extracting internal equivalences.
Pilot Trial of Salbutamol in Central Core and Multi-Minicore Diseases (2004)

Several studies have documented positive effects of beta-adrenergic agonists on human skeletal muscle with regard to muscle mass and strength. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of the beta2-agonist salbutamol (albuterol) in a group of children with central core disease and multi-minicore disease. Thirteen patients, 8 with central core disease (mean age 17.5 years) and 5 with minicore disease (mean age 13.6 years) received oral salbutamol at a dose of 2 mg four times a day. Measures of efficacy were the change from baseline at 3 and 6 months in muscle strength, assessed by MRC score, myometry, functional measures and forced vital capacity. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA (significance level < 0.05). Two patients with central core disease stopped the medication after one month because they did not notice any improvement and another one with minicore disease after 4 months because of increased tremors and palpitations. The remaining ten (6 with central core and 4 with minicore disease) completed the course of salbutamol without any significant adverse effects. There were significant increases in myometry, MRC scores and forced vital capacity between baseline and the six-month assessments. For both myometry and MRC the difference was already significant at 3 months and this was associated with a significant increase in functional abilities assessed with a structured functional scale. Our results suggest that salbutamol was overall well tolerated and might be beneficial in both central core and minicore patients. Larger prospective randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with salbutamol will be needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Recovery of images from atmospherically degraded short-exposure photographs (1974)

The possibility is shown that the phase of an object transform can be determined from the autocorrelation of the image transform. The two together should give a diffraction-limited image of the object. A thereon based technique for the recovery of images from atmospherically degraded short-exposure photographs is proposed. Results from a one-dimensional computer simulation are used for a preliminary demonstration of the technique.
Adaptive d-step ahead predictive control for nonlinear systems using neural networks (2005)

A modified neural network is presented, and then an adaptive predictive controller for nonlinear dynamic systems based on this modified neural network is designed. Through extensive simulations, the proposed approach is shown to be effective for adaptive control of nonlinear systems.
Genetic determinant of pyocin AP41 as an insert in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome (1984)

The genetic determinant for pyocin AP41 , a bacteriocin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAF, was transferred to P. aeruginosa PAO and analyzed. By conjugation experiments, the pyocin determinant was found to be located on the chromosome, being closely linked to argG at about 45 min on the genetic map. Cloning of the pyocin AP41 gene into the plasmid R68.45 was attempted in vivo by taking advantage of its linkage at argG. R' argG+ plasmids were isolated by interspecific conjugation between P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli recA argG strains. Some of the R' argG+ plasmids did contain the pyocin AP41 determinant. Genetic and physical analyses of these R' plasmids indicated that the pyocin AP41 determinant was located within a 2.9-kilobase extra segment found at a certain position of the chromosome of various pyocin AP41 producer strains.
Directional piezoelectric phased array filters for detecting damage in isotropic plates (2004)

Phased array filters using piezoelectric sensors are presented as an approach to detect damage in isotropic plates. Plate dynamics can be described in terms of wave propagation. Boundaries and other discontinuities, such as damage, produce reflections from incident wavefronts. Phased arrays, acting as a directional filter, can be used along with a wave propagation approach to look in different directions on a plate. Damage to the plate can be inferred if there is a significant change in the transient response of the plate. The location of this damaged area can be determined using the phased sensor array response. This paper presents results from simulated damage on an isotropic plate. A piezoelectric sensor array is used to actively interrogate the plate to determine the presence and location of damage using low frequency Lamb waves.
A Mode of Action of Herbicides: Inhibition of the Normal Process of Nitrite Reduction (1974)

Herbicides were shown to interfere in the normal process of enzymatic nitrite reduction by the plant in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic plant tissues with little effect on nitrate reduction. This preferential inhibition caused nitrite to accumulate. The occurrence of free nitrite within the plant can help to explain the toxicity symptoms, nastic growth reactions, abnormal metabolism and rapid death due to herbicide action. This blockage of nitrite reduction was shown with all photosynthetic inhibitor herbicides tested and with numerous other herbicides. The effect was demonstrated using an in vivo assay, intact green plants and germinating seedlings. A basic in vivo method was presented which can provide rapid screening tests for photosynthetic inhibitor herbicides, a measure of herbicide specificity and surfactant specificity.
A Clinical Method for Identifying Scapular Dyskinesis, Part 2: Validity (2009)

Abstract Context: Although clinical methods for detecting scapular dyskinesis have been described, evidence supporting the validity of these methods is lacking. Objective: To determine the validity of the scapular dyskinesis test, a visually based method of identifying abnormal scapular motion. A secondary purpose was to explore the relationship between scapular dyskinesis and shoulder symptoms. Design: Validation study comparing 3-dimensional measures of scapular motion among participants clinically judged as having either normal motion or scapular dyskinesis. Setting: University athletic training facilities. Patients or Other Participants: A sample of 142 collegiate athletes (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and Division III) participating in sports requiring overhead use of the arm was rated, and 66 of these underwent 3-dimensional testing. Intervention(s): Volunteers were viewed by 2 raters while performing weighted shoulder flexion and abduction. The right and left sides were rated independently as normal, subtle dyskinesis, or obvious dyskinesis using the scapular dyskinesis test. Symptoms were assessed using the Penn Shoulder Score. Main Outcome Measure(s): Athletes judged as having either normal motion or obvious dyskinesis underwent 3-dimensional electromagnetic kinematic testing while performing the same movements. The kinematic data from both groups were compared via multifactor analysis of variance with post hoc testing using the least significant difference procedure. The relationship between symptoms and scapular dyskinesis was evaluated by odds ratios. Results: Differences were found between the normal and obvious dyskinesis groups. Participants with obvious dyskinesis showed less scapular upward rotation ( P < .001), less clavicular elevation ( P < .001), and greater clavicular protraction ( P = .044). The presence of shoulder symptoms was not different between the normal and obvious dyskinesis volunteers (odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval = 0.33, 1.89). Conclusions: Shoulders visually judged as having dyskinesis showed distinct alterations in 3-dimensional scapular motion. However, the presence of scapular dyskinesis was not related to shoulder symptoms in athletes engaged in overhead sports.
Demonstration of optical gain at 1.06 μm in a neodymium-doped polyimide waveguide (2000)

Neodymium-doped polyimide waveguides were studied for optical amplifier applications. Photoluminescence at 890 nm, 1.06 μm, and 1.33 μm from neodymium ions in the polymer matrix was observed. Optical gain of about 8 dB was measured at 1.06 μm in a 5-cm-long multimode channel waveguide. Phase separation was observed in the doped polyimide. Large scattering losses in the waveguides due to the phase separation were reduced by planarizing the layer of doped polyimide with another layer of undoped polyimide. Such a waveguide amplifier has potential applications in lossless splitters, lossless fiber, and waveguide systems with large fanout.
Surface topography changes during the growth of GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy (1991)

Changes in surface roughness taking place during (001) GaAs molecular beam epitaxy growth have been studied in situ using laser light scattering and ex situ using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Substantial increases in light scattering are found to occur firstly during oxide thermal desorption, associated with surface pit formation, and secondly during continued layer growth, due to the buildup of atomic step arrays. Monolayer height GaAs steps are readily resolved using AFM in air.
All-Small-Molecule Solar Cells Incorporating NDI-Based Acceptors: Synthesis and Full Characterization (2017)

A series of naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based small molecules were synthesized as nonfullerene acceptors and incorporated in all-small-molecule solar cells. Three NDI-based small molecules, NDICN-T, NDICN-BT, and NDICN-TVT, were designed with different linkers between two NDI units to induce the different conjugation length and modulate the geometric structures of the NDI dimers. The small NDI-based dimer electron acceptors with slip-stacked structures that facilitate π-π stacking interactions and/or hinder excessive aggregation exhibited different morphological behaviors, such as miscibility or crystallinity in bulk heterojunction blends with 7,7'-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(6-fluoro-4-(5'-hexyl-[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole) (DTS-F) electron donors. The photovoltaic devices prepared with NDICN-TVT gave the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.01%, with an open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of 0.75 V, a short-circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) of 7.10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, and a fill factor of 56.2%, whereas the DTS-F:NDICN-T and DTS-F:NDICN-BT devices provided PCEs of 1.81 and 0.13%, respectively. Studies of the charge-generation properties, charge-transfer dynamics, and charge-transport properties for understanding the structure-property relations revealed that DTS-F:NDICN-TVT blend films with well-developed domains and well-ordered crystalline structures performed well, whereas an excessive miscibility between DTS-F and NDICN-BT disrupted the crystallinity of the material and yielded a poor device performance.
An overview of configurable computing machines for software radio handsets (2003)

The advent of software radios has brought a paradigm shift to radio design. A multimode handset with dynamic reconfigurability has the promise of integrated services and global roaming capabilities. However, most of the work to date has been focused on software radio base stations, which do not have as tight constraints on area and power as handsets. Base station software radio technology progressed dramatically with advances in system design, adaptive modulation and coding techniques, reconfigurable hardware, A/D converters, RF design, and rapid prototyping systems, and has helped bring software radio handsets a step closer to reality. However, supporting multimode radios on a small handset still remains a design challenge. A configurable computing machine, which is an optimized FPGA with application-specific capabilities, show promise for software radio handsets in optimizing hardware implementations for heterogeneous systems. In this article contemporary CCM architectures that allow dynamic hardware reconfiguration with maximum flexibility are reviewed and assessed. This is followed by design recommendations for CCM architectures for use in software radio handsets.
Project Controls for Engineering Work in Practice (2012)

Engineering work can account for 10% to 20% of capital project costs, and up to 50% of a project’s schedule. The construction industry rigorously implements control techniques to minimize cost and schedule overruns; however, the same cannot be said for controlling engineering work. Over the years, engineering work has proven its susceptibility to cost and schedule overrun, yet controls have not been implemented to the same level of rigor. In practice, engineering work is controlled through techniques such as schedule and accounting summaries and neglects the relationship between cost, schedule and progress. This research aims to improve project control of engineering work in practice by adapting Earned Value Management (EVM) techniques used in construction to the requirements of engineering work. Techniques for EVM baseline development and maintenance, progress measurement, performance analysis, forecasting, and corrective action are customized to the engineering effort and successfully applied on two major engineering projects.
Chemical applications of laser- and sympathetically-cooled ions in ion traps (2008)

Ensembles of cold atomic and molecular ions in ion traps prepared at millikelvin temperatures by laser and sympathetic cooling have recently found considerable interest in both physics and chemistry. At very low temperatures the ions form ordered structures in the trap also known as "Coulomb crystals". Ion Coulomb crystals exhibit a range of intriguing properties which render them attractive systems for novel experiments in chemical dynamics, ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy and quantum-information processing. In this article we review the methods used to prepare atomic and molecular ion Coulomb crystals and discuss some recent studies in mass spectrometry, low-temperature chemistry and precision spectroscopy to illustrate their scientific potential for chemical applications. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on outstanding challenges and prospective further developments in the field.
Magnitude-phase coding of base-band speech signals (2005)

Base-band vocoders have important potential applications for digital speech transmission because they allow the encoding of good and natural quality speech at bit rates in the range 4.8-9.6 kbps. In this paper, we propose a new coding scheme for base-band vocoders which is aimed at reducing the bit rate, while preserving the quality of compressed speech. This approach improves the compression ratio over existing techniques by taking advantage implicitly of the quasi-harmonic structure of voiced speech. In the first part of the paper, we sum up the main features of a particular base-band vocoder (voice excited predictive coder-VEPC), and we briefly restate the sub-band coding technique used to encode the base-band signal. In the second part of the paper we show how to improve the coding efficiency of the base-band signal thanks to an original magnitude-phase coding technique. We then discuss the implementation of this technique with complex quadrature mirror filters (CQMF), and the separate quantization of the magnitude and phase signals by use of differential coders. Finally, we report simulation results on a complete vocoder implemented with the proposed technique.
Integrated stacked patch antenna array on LTCC material operating at 24 GHz [automotive radar applications] (2004)

This paper presents the concept, design and measurement results of a broadband stacked patch antenna array integrated within an FM-CW radar module, realised in LTCC (low temperature cofired ceramics) technology, for automotive applications operating at 24 GHz. After a general introduction on the benefits of integrated LTCC antennas, the paper describes the antenna requirements and the consequential design concept. Subsequently, simulation and measurement results are presented to verify the feasibility of the concept.