gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the acute inflammatory response in adrenalectomised and sham‐operated rats (1986)

Carrageenin pleurisy was induced in adrenalectomised (ADX) and sham-operated (SHO) rats. The magnitude and duration of inflammation, as estimated by fluid exudation and cell migration, was greatly increased (approximately doubled) in ADX rats compared with that in their SHO controls. The content of eicosanoids (6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF 1 alpha), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4] in inflammatory exudates from ADX rats was significantly (2-4 fold) greater than that of their SHO controls. Resident macrophages obtained from ADX rats produced more eicosanoids per cell per unit time when stimulated in vitro with zymosan, than did cells from the SHO controls. Administration of glucocorticoids blocked the inflammatory response and reduced the release of eicosanoids both in vitro and in vivo in both groups of rats. These data are consistent with the notion that physiological amounts of glucocorticoids exert a tonic inhibitory action on phospholipase activity in normal animals and that the increased secretion of these hormones during the inflammatory response serves to check and control the development of inflammation.
25th Anniversary Article: Ordered Polymer Structures for the Engineering of Photons and Phonons (2013)

The engineering of optical and acoustic material functionalities via construction of ordered local and global architectures on various length scales commensurate with and well below the characteristic length scales of photons and phonons in the material is an indispensable and powerful means to develop novel materials. In the current mature status of photonics, polymers hold a pivotal role in various application areas such as light-emission, sensing, energy, and displays, with exclusive advantages despite their relatively low dielectric constants. Moreover, in the nascent field of phononics, polymers are expected to be a superior material platform due to the ability for readily fabricated complex polymer structures possessing a wide range of mechanical behaviors, complete phononic bandgaps, and resonant architectures. In this review, polymer-centric photonic and phononic crystals and metamaterials are highlighted, and basic concepts, fabrication techniques, selected functional polymers, applications, and emerging ideas are introduced.
Signaling overhead of Policy and online Charging Control for bearer sessions in LTE network (2009)

The convergence of radio access technologies with all-IP core network has gained significant attention recently. Through the all-IP based policy and charging control (PCC) architecture standardized in 3GPP R8, the charging rules are consistent with application-level and IP-level policy control. It is essential to investigate the signaling overhead incurred by PCC and the OCS management during the mid-session events, such as the handover and QoS changes. To address this issue, this paper investigates PCC and OCS traffic rate over LTE networks.
Double precision geometry: a general technique for calculating line and segment intersections using rounded arithmetic (1989)

For the first time it is shown how to reduce the cost of performing specific geometric constructions by using rounded arithmetic instead of exact arithmetic. By exploiting a property of floating-point arithmetic called monotonicity, a technique called double-precision geometry can replace exact arithmetic with rounded arithmetic in any efficient algorithm for computing the set of intersections of a set of lines or line segments. The technique reduces the complexity of any such line or segment arrangement algorithm by a constant factor. In addition, double-precision geometry reduces by a factor of N the complexity of rendering segment arrangements on a 2/sup N/*2/sup N/ integer grid such that output segments have grid points as endpoints.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancing Efficiency of Hybrid Transactional Memory Via Dynamic Data Partitioning Schemes (2018)

Transactional Memory (TM) is an emerging paradigm that promises to significantly ease the development of parallel programs. Hybrid TM (HyTM) is probably the most promising implementation of the TM abstraction, which seeks to combine the high efficiency of hardware implementations (HTM) with the robustness and flexibility of software-based ones (STM). Unfortunately, though, existing Hybrid TM systems are known to suffer from high overheads to guarantee correct synchronization between concurrent transactions executing in hardware and software. This article introduces DMP-TM (Dynamic Memory Partitioning-TM), a novel HyTM algorithm that exploits, to the best of our knowledge for the first time in the literature, the idea of leveraging operating system-level memory protection mechanisms to detect conflicts between HTM and STM transactions. This innovative design allows for employing highly scalable STM implementations, while avoiding instrumentation on the HTM path. This allows DMP-TM to achieve up to ~ 20× speedups compared to state of the art Hybrid TM solutions in uncontended workloads. Further, thanks to the use of simple and lightweight self-tuning mechanisms, DMP-TM achieves robust performance even in unfavourable workload that exhibits high contention between the STM and HTM path.
Mouse pathogenicity studies of<i>Nocardia asteroides</i>complex species and clinical correlation with human isolates (1993)

Nocardia asteroides complex organisms derived from human specimens between 1979 and 1992 were identified to the species level. Of 117 N. asteroides complex organisms, 34 (29%) were N. farcinica, 28 (24%) were N. nova, and 55 (47%) were N. asteroides sensu stricto. An analysis of the specimen sites from which the organisms were derived showed that isolates derived from blood, brain, or bone marrow were more likely to be N. farcinica than the other two species. A study of the virulence of ten strains of each species was undertaken, using a mouse model with intravenous inoculation. The 50% lethal doses (LD50) for N. farcinica were significantly lower than those of the other two species. LD50 values for N. nova and N. asteroides were not significantly different. The above data confirming the greater virulence of N. farcinica support the identification of species within the N. asteroides complex.
The HAC1 gene from Pichia pastoris: characterization and effect of its overexpression on the production of secreted, surface displayed and membrane proteins (2010)

Overexpression of P. pastoris Hac1p can be used to increase the production of heterologous proteins but needs to be evaluated on a case by case basis. Inducible Hac1p expression is more effective than constitutive expression. Correct processing and thus homogeneity of proteins that are difficult to express, such as GPCRs, can be increased by co-expression with Hac1p.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Cellulose Composite: From Aqueous Dispersions to Pickering Emulsions (2016)

A mild and simple way to prepare stable aqueous colloidal suspensions of composite particles made of a cellulosic material (Sigmacell cellulose) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is reported. These suspensions can be dried and redispersed in water at pH 10.5. Starting with rather crude initial materials, commercial Sigmacell cellulose and MWCNTs, a significant fraction of composite dispersed in water could be obtained. The solid composites and their colloidal suspensions were characterized by electronic microscopy, thermal analyses, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and light scattering. The composite particles consist of tenuous aggregates of CNTs and cellulose, several hundred nanometers large, and are composed of 55 wt % cellulose and 45 wt % CNTs. Such particles were shown to stabilize cyclohexane-in-water emulsions. The adsorption and the elasticity of the layer they form at interface were characterized by the pendant drop method. The stability of the oil-in-water emulsions was attributed to the formation of an elastic network of composite particles at interface. Cyclohexane droplet diameters could be tuned from 20 to 100 μm by adjusting the concentration of composite particles. This behavior was attributed to the limited coalescence phenomenon, just as expected for Pickering emulsions. Interestingly, cyclohexane droplets were stable over time and sustained pH modifications over a wide range, although acidic pH induced accelerated creaming. This study points out the possibility of combining crude cellulose and MWCNTs through a simple process to obtain colloidal systems of interest for the design of functional conductive materials.
Bile Acid Content of Gallbladder of Infants, Children and Adults (1965)

The bile acid content of the human gallbladder obtained post mortem from 30 subjects was studied. The principal components were found to be cholic, deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. Deoxycholic acid was notably absent from the bile of infants and some children, a matter which has been recognized earlier. Ursodeoxycholic acid was found in 4 specimens obtained from subjects 8 years of age or younger. A particular quest for 3β-hydroxy bile acids in early life was fruitless. This latter species clearly does not constitute a significant portion of bile in early human life despite the recognition of similar species of adrenal steroids at this time. Methods have been described for the relatively simple measurement of bile acids by densitometry on paper chromatograms. A useful characteristic of chenodeoxycholic acid, when treated with acetic-sulfuric acid reagent, has been detailed.
Zum Mechanismus der thermischen Decarbonylierung von Oxalessigestern (1959)

Abstract Es wird die Synthese von Phenyloxalessigsäure‐[1‐ 14 C]‐dimethylester beschrieben. Der radioaktive Ester geht beim Erhitzen in inaktiven Phenylmalonsäure‐dimethyl‐ester und radioaktives Kohlenmonoxyd über, das somit der, der Ketogruppe benachbarten Carbomethoxygruppe entstammt. Die Decarbonylierung zeigt bei 150° einen intermolekularen Isotopeneffekt k 14 /k 12 = 0,93 ± 0,02. Für diese Reaktion wird auf Grund dieser und anderer Beobachtungen ein möglicher Mechanismus diskutiert.
Arginine methylation and citrullination of splicing factor proline- and glutamine-rich (SFPQ/PSF) regulates its association with mRNA (2015)

Splicing factor proline- and glutamine-rich (SFPQ) also commonly known as polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated-splicing factor (PSF) and its binding partner non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO/p54nrb), are highly abundant, multifunctional nuclear proteins. However, the exact role of this complex is yet to be determined. Following purification of the endogeneous SFPQ/NONO complex, mass spectrometry analysis identified a wide range of interacting proteins, including those involved in RNA processing, RNA splicing, and transcriptional regulation, consistent with a multifunctional role for SFPQ/NONO. In addition, we have identified several sites of arginine methylation in SFPQ/PSF using mass spectrometry and found that several arginines in the N-terminal domain of SFPQ/PSF are asymmetrically dimethylated. Furthermore, we find that the protein arginine N-methyltransferase, PRMT1, catalyzes this methylation in vitro and that this is antagonized by citrullination of SFPQ. Arginine methylation and citrullination of SFPQ/PSF does not affect complex formation with NONO. However, arginine methylation was shown to increase the association with mRNA in mRNP complexes in mammalian cells. Finally we show that the biochemical properties of the endogenous complex from cell lysates are significantly influenced by the ionic strength during purification. At low ionic strength, the SFPQ/NONO complex forms large heterogeneous protein assemblies or aggregates, preventing the purification of the SFPQ/NONO complex. The ability of the SFPQ/NONO complex to form varying protein assemblies, in conjunction with the effect of post-translational modifications of SFPQ modulating mRNA binding, suggests key roles affecting mRNP dynamics within the cell.
Dissociation: Normal or abnormal? (1996)

Recent articles have addressed the question of whether or not the out-of-body experience reported by many people near death is a form of dissociative behavior. If so, is it related to other mental or emotional pathologies or is it a normal protective response to stress? This paper explores the history of dissociation and related terms, uncovering a multiplicity of uses and connotations. New orientations in physics and the rise of the New Science in the form of Chaos Theory allow a plethora of additional interpretations.
A Convenient Synthesis of 1,3-Diacetoxy-1,3-cycloalkadienes from Cyclic β-Diketones (1991)

An efficient method for preparing 1,3-diacetoxy-1, 3-cycloalkadienes 2a-e, from 1,3-cycloalkanediones 1a-e by treatment with ketene in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid is described.
Rank-1 Constrained Multichannel Wiener Filter for Speech Recognition in Noisy Environments (2017)

Multichannel linear filters, such as the Multichannel Wiener Filter (MWF) and the Generalized Eigenvalue (GEV) beamformer are popular signal processing techniques which can improve speech recognition performance. In this paper, we present an experimental study on these linear filters in a specific speech recognition task, namely the CHiME-4 challenge, which features real recordings in multiple noisy environments. Specifically, the rank-1 MWF is employed for noise reduction and a new constant residual noise power constraint is derived which enhances the recognition performance. To fulfill the underlying rank-1 assumption, the speech covariance matrix is reconstructed based on eigenvectors or generalized eigenvectors. Then the rank-1 constrained MWF is evaluated with alternative multichannel linear filters under the same framework, which involves a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) network for mask estimation. The proposed filter outperforms alternative ones, leading to a 40% relative Word Error Rate (WER) reduction compared with the baseline Weighted Delay and Sum (WDAS) beamformer on the real test set, and a 15% relative WER reduction compared with the GEV-BAN method. The results also suggest that the speech recognition accuracy correlates more with the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) feature variance than with the noise reduction or the speech distortion level.
Exosomes released by keratinocytes modulate melanocyte pigmentation (2015)

Cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes and microvesicles, which transfer proteins, lipids and RNAs to regulate recipient cell functions. Skin pigmentation relies on a tight dialogue between keratinocytes and melanocytes in the epidermis. Here we report that exosomes secreted by keratinocytes enhance melanin synthesis by increasing both the expression and activity of melanosomal proteins. Furthermore, we show that the function of keratinocyte-derived exosomes is phototype-dependent and is modulated by ultraviolet B. In sum, this study uncovers an important physiological function for exosomes in human pigmentation and opens new avenues in our understanding of how pigmentation is regulated by intercellular communication in both healthy and diseased states.
Error probabilities for Rician fading multichannel reception of binary andn-ary signals (1964)

Performance characteristics are derived for two different forms of multireceivers (the coherent and noncoherent) which are used with binary and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> -ary signaling through the Rician fading multichannel. The coherent multireceiver is capable of perfectly measuring the channel amplitudes and phases whereas, at the other extreme, the noncoherent multireceiver implies a receiver which requires no channel measurement whatsoever. The multichannel model presumes that each transmission mode supports a specular or fixed component and a random or scatter component which fades according to the Rayleigh distribution. Heretofore, performance analyses of multichannel links have assumed that the fading obeys the Rayleigh law. This multichannel model is sufficiently general to include four practical types: the Rician and the Rayleigh fading multichannels, multichannels whose propagation modes do not fade, and those which simultaneously contain Rician and Rayleigh fading propagation paths or the so called mixed-mode multichannel. Error probabilities are graphically illustrated and compared for various multichannel models. It is found that the effectiveness of multichannel reception is highly dependent on the strength of the specular channel component relative to the mean squared value of the random channel component. In particular, multichannel reception is more effective when applied to the completely random multichannel. For special cases the error-rate expressions reduce to well-known results.
Magnetic Hyperthermia and Radiation Therapy: Radiobiological Principles and Current Practice † (2018)

Hyperthermia, though by itself generally non-curative for cancer, can significantly increase the efficacy of radiation therapy, as demonstrated by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical results. Its limited use in the clinic is mainly due to various practical implementation difficulties, the most important being how to adequately heat the tumor, especially deep-seated ones. In this work, we first review the effects of hyperthermia on tissue, the limitations of radiation therapy and the radiobiological rationale for combining the two treatment modalities. Subsequently, we review the theory and evidence for magnetic hyperthermia that is based on magnetic nanoparticles, its advantages compared with other methods of hyperthermia, and how it can be used to overcome the problems associated with traditional techniques of hyperthermia.
Arithmetic Fourier-transform calculation using fiber-optical parallel processors (1990)

The arithmetic Fourier transform is a number-theoretic method for calculating the Fourier coefficients of continuous-time signals. In this paper we present an efficient realization of the arithmetic Fourier-transform algorithm on an optical parallel processor consisting of fiber-optic tapped delay lines. The performance of the algorithm in the presence of optical errors and noise is analyzed. From the results of numerical experiments on a simple test signal, we observe that the performance of the algorithm is affected minimally by the errors of the optical system.
Development of a Magnetic Planetary Gearbox (2008)

In this paper, we describe a new design for a magnetic planetary gearbox. We discuss the theory of operation and a simulated design. We constructed and verified the simulation by measuring the transmitted torque and cogging torque. A magnetic planetary gearbox operates like a mechanical planetary gearbox, except that it is contact-free and needs no gear lubrication. Hence, it has the same characteristics of three transmission modes, a high-speed-reduction ratio, and high durability. The starting point for the design procedure is to avoid possible sliding (i.e., pole-slipping), and we propose three steps to obtain the maximum number of magnetic planet gears. We show that using more planetary gears is a way to increase the transmission torque. Cogging torque can be high in this design. We assessed this potential by using finite-element analysis and then measuring performance of the fabricated gearbox. While the simulation overestimates the cogging torque (for various reasons), we propose a method to reduce the cogging torque to a very low value. We present a literature review to illustrate the development of magnetic gearing and highlight the innovation of this design.
Structure of Peptide Deformylase and Identification of the Substrate Binding Site (1998)

Peptide deformylase is an essential metalloenzyme required for the removal of the formyl group at the N terminus of nascent polypeptide chains in eubacteria. The Escherichia coli enzyme uses Fe2+ and nearly retains its activity on substitution of the metal ion by Ni2+. We have solved the structure of the Ni2+ enzyme at 1.9-A resolution by x-ray crystallography. Each of the three monomers in the asymmetric unit contains one Ni2+ ion and, in close proximity, one molecule of polyethylene glycol. Polyethylene glycol is shown to be a competitive inhibitor with a KI value of 6 mM with respect to formylmethionine under conditions similar to those used for crystallization. We have also solved the structure of the inhibitor-free enzyme at 2.5-A resolution. The two structures are identical within the estimated errors of the models. The hydrogen bond network stabilizing the active site involves nearly all conserved amino acid residues and well defined water molecules, one of which ligates to the tetrahedrally coordinated Ni2+ ion.
Fault detection, isolation and control reconfiguration of three-phase PMSM drives (2011)

This paper deals with on-line software fault detection and isolation method for a drive composed of a fourleg inverter and a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine. The considered faults are single-phase open-circuit and current sensor outage. The method is based on the monitoring of the abc currents with phase-locked loops and the ‘CUSUM’ algorithm for the decision system. The impact of the considered faults is examined: first, in case there is no modification of the control and then in case a control reconfiguration is performed taking into account the fault diagnosis. Closed-loop operation is performed before, during and after the fault. Experimental results show that the latter case allows maintaining the drive in safe operation.
Performance evaluation of inter-processor communication for an embedded heterogeneous multi-core processor (2012)

Embedded systems often use a heterogeneous multi-core processor to improve performance and energy efficiency. This multi-core processor is composed of a general purpose processor (GPP), which manages the program flow and I/O, and a digital signal processor (DSP), which processes mass data. An inter-processor communication (IPC) mechanism is thus required to exchange data between a GPP and a DSP. This paper uses comprehensive experiments to evaluate the IPC performance of an embedded heterogeneous multi-core processor under different design strategies. We further develop the IPC performance model and suggest dynamic adjustment of IPC strategies under environmental parameters and system resource constraints. Based on the results and findings, we improve the IPC performance of a voice over IP (VoIP) phone. Experimental results demonstrate that the GPP workload decreases significantly by 35% without sacrificing the functionalities and voice quality of the VoIP system. Moreover, we apply the concept of dynamic adjustment of IPC strategies to an embedded media gateway. The simulation results demonstrate that the dynamic IPC strategy can considerably improve the system performance of the media gateway compared with the static IPC design approach.