gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen and Amine Activation by a Frustrated Lewis Pair of a Bulky N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (2008)

Die Größe ist wichtig: Das frustrierte Lewis-Paar, das aus B(C6F5)3 und dem sterisch anspruchsvollen N-heterocyclischen Carben N,N′-tBu2C3H2N2 (1) entsteht, spaltet Diwasserstoff heterolytisch zum Imidazoliumborat (links im Schema) und Amin-N-H-Bindungen unter Bildung von Aminoboratsalzen (rechts) oder Aminoboranen.
Evaluation of a Pulsed Xenon Ultraviolet Disinfection System for Reduction of Healthcare-Associated Pathogens in Hospital Rooms (2015)

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of a pulsed xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV) disinfection device for reduction in recovery of healthcare-associated pathogens. SETTING Two acute-care hospitals. METHODS We examined the effectiveness of PX-UV for killing of Clostridium difficile spores, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) on glass carriers and evaluated the impact of pathogen concentration, distance from the device, organic load, and shading from the direct field of radiation on killing efficacy. We compared the effectiveness of PX-UV and ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation, each delivered for 10 minutes at 4 feet. In hospital rooms, the frequency of native pathogen contamination on high-touch surfaces was assessed before and after 10 minutes of PX-UV irradiation. RESULTS On carriers, irradiation delivered for 10 minutes at 4 feet from the PX-UV device reduced recovery of C. difficile spores, MRSA, and VRE by 0.55±0.34, 1.85±0.49, and 0.6±0.25 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)/cm2, respectively. Increasing distance from the PX-UV device dramatically reduced killing efficacy, whereas pathogen concentration, organic load, and shading did not. Continuous UV-C achieved significantly greater log10CFU reductions than PX-UV irradiation on glass carriers. On frequently touched surfaces, PX-UV significantly reduced the frequency of positive C. difficile, VRE, and MRSA culture results. CONCLUSIONS The PX-UV device reduced recovery of MRSA, C. difficile, and VRE on glass carriers and on frequently touched surfaces in hospital rooms with a 10-minute UV exposure time. PX-UV was not more effective than continuous UV-C in reducing pathogen recovery on glass slides, suggesting that both forms of UV have some effectiveness at relatively short exposure times.
Submarine canyons of southern California Part 4. Systematics: Isopoda (1966)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
The Induction of Apoptosis by Bacterial Pathogens (1999)

Apoptosis is a highly regulated process of cell death that is required for the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. In contrast to necrosis, apoptosis eliminates individual cells without inducing an inflammatory response. Activation or prevention of cell death could be a critical factor in the outcome of an infection. Programmed cell death has been observed as a response to infection by a wide range of animal and plant pathogens and is mediated by an array of pathogen-encoded virulence determinants. Pathogen-induced modulation of the host cell-death pathway may serve to eliminate key immune cells or evade host defenses that can act to limit the infection. Alternatively, suppression of the death pathway may facilitate the proliferation of intracellular pathogens.
Design of On-Chip Microchannel Fluidic Cooling Structures (2007)

In this paper, we present five designs of microchannel fluidic cooling structures formed on a Si chip representing the heat source. The numerical simulation is performed by the software package of COMSOL multiphysics, formerly FEMLAB. The fabrication process of the microchannel structure will also be discussed.
A two-stage dc-dc converter for the fuel cell-supercapacitor hybrid system (2009)

A wide input range multi-stage converter is proposed with the fuel cells and supercapacitors as a hybrid system. The front-end two-phase boost converter is used to optimize the output power and to reduce the current ripple of fuel cells. The supercapacitor power module is connected by push-pull-forward half bridge (PPFHB) converter with coupled inductors in the second stage to handle the slow transient response of the fuel cells and realize the bidirectional power flow control. Moreover, this cascaded structure simplifies the power management. The control strategy for the whole system is analyzed and designed. A 1 kW prototype controlled by TMS320F2808 DSP is built in the lab. Simulation and experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed two-stage DC-DC converter system.
Expression Microarray Meta-Analysis Identifies Genes Associated with Ras/MAPK and Related Pathways in Progression of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Transition Cell Carcinoma (2013)

The effective detection and management of muscle-invasive bladder Transition Cell Carcinoma (TCC) continues to be an urgent clinical challenge. While some differences of gene expression and function in papillary (Ta), superficial (T1) and muscle-invasive (≥T2) bladder cancers have been investigated, the understanding of mechanisms involved in the progression of bladder tumors remains incomplete. Statistical methods of pathway-enrichment, cluster analysis and text-mining can extract and help interpret functional information about gene expression patterns in large sets of genomic data. The public availability of patient-derived expression microarray data allows open access and analysis of large amounts of clinical data. Using these resources, we investigated gene expression differences associated with tumor progression and muscle-invasive TCC. Gene expression was calculated relative to Ta tumors to assess progression-associated differences, revealing a network of genes related to Ras/MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways with increased expression. Further, we identified genes within this network that are similarly expressed in superficial Ta and T1 stages but altered in muscle-invasive T2 tumors, finding 7 genes (COL3A1, COL5A1, COL11A1, FN1, ErbB3, MAPK10 and CDC25C) whose expression patterns in muscle-invasive tumors are consistent in 5 to 7 independent outside microarray studies. Further, we found increased expression of the fibrillar collagen proteins COL3A1 and COL5A1 in muscle-invasive tumor samples and metastatic T24 cells. Our results suggest that increased expression of genes involved in mitogenic signaling may support the progression of muscle-invasive bladder tumors that generally lack activating mutations in these pathways, while expression changes of fibrillar collagens, fibronectin and specific signaling proteins are associated with muscle-invasive disease. These results identify potential biomarkers and targets for TCC treatments, and provide an integrated systems-level perspective of TCC pathobiology to inform future studies.
Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Iohexol in Human Serum (2009)

This rapid UPLC-MS/MS method can be successfully used for quantifying iohexol in human serum.
Visually Lossless Content and Motion Adaptive Shading in Games (2019)

We present a technique that adaptively adjusts the shading rate during rendering based on the scene content and motion. Our goal is to improve performance with no loss in perceived quality. We determine per-screen-tile shading rate by testing an error estimate against a perceptually-corrected just-noticeable difference threshold. Our design features an effective and efficient error estimate using spatial and frequency analysis of half and quarter rate shading. We also study the effect of motion in reducing perceived error, a consequence of display-persistence and/or motion blur effects. Our implementation uses the computed per-tile shading rate with variable rate shading (a recent GPU feature) to lower shading cost. We demonstrate the quality and performance of our technique on two high-end game engines and shipped games.
Comparison of 1.0 M Gadobutrol and 0.5 M Gadopentetate Dimeglumine-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Five Hundred Seventy-Two Patients With Known or Suspected Liver Lesions (2009)

This study documents evidence for the noninferiority of a single i.v. bolus injection of 1.0 M gadobutrol (0.1 mmol/kg body weight) to 0.5 M gadopentetate (0.1 mmol/kg body weight) in the diagnostic assessment of liver lesions with contrast-enhanced MRI. The known excellent safety profile of gadobutrol was confirmed in this clinical trial and is similar to that of gadopentetate.
<title>3-dimensional registration and visualization of reconstructed coronary arterial trees on myocardial perfusion distributions</title> (1992)

Models created independently from nuclear perfusion images of the myocardium and x-ray angiograms of the coronary arteries are placed in register to produce a unified three- dimensional representation that more clearly displays and quantifies the relationship between stenotic defects in the arterial tree and perfusion distribution in the myocardium
Differential expression of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 in early and late gestational mouse skin and skin wounds (2002)

Early gestation fetal mouse skin heals without scars. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been associated with postnatal organ fibrosis. We hypothesized that the relative balance between urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and PAI-1 expression in favor of uPA prevents scarring in early fetal skin wounds, whereas a change in favor of PAI-1 in late gestation results in wound scarring. To evaluate uPA and PAI-1 expression, 1-mm skin wounds were made in E14.5 and E18 mice and harvested 24, 48, or 96 hours postwounding. Aprotinin (2 mg/ml)-coated beads were injected into selected E14.5 wounds. Normal skin and skin wounds were evaluated for uPA, PAI-1, and collagen expression. We showed that in normal skin uPA level is higher in E14.5 than in E18 mice, while PAI-1 is lower in E14.5 than in E18 mice. After wounding, E14.5 wounds show a moderate increase in uPA and a minimal increase in PAI-1. E18 wounds show a transient increase in uPA but a significant, sustained increase in PAI-1. Addition of aprotinin to E14.5 wounds causes an increase in collagen deposition. We conclude that the differential expression of uPA and PAI-1 in the skin of early vs. late gestation mice may contribute to the degree of scar formation seen after cutaneous injury.
The Conversion of Prothrombin to Thrombin (1974)

prothrombin activation by activated Factor X and Ca2+ in the presence of phospholipid also proceeds via Intermediate 2 and Fragment 1.2, i.e.INTERMEDIATE 2 ,%OTHROMBlN + + [ 1 THROMBIN d + 1) FRAGMENT 1.2 FRAGMENT 1'2 Unless rapidly inactivated, thrombin cleaves Fragment 1.2 into two smaller activation products, i.e.THROMBIN FRAGMENT l-2 -FRAGMENT 1 + FRAGMENT 2 2)The direct and concomitant formation of Intermediate 2 and Fragment 1.2 was demonstrated by activating prothrombin in the presence of iPrzP-F.In the absence of this inhibitor, thrombin, in addition to catalyzing the reaction of Equation 2, cleaves Fragment 1 from prothrombin and in so doing eliminates the possibility of observing phospholipid catalysis from all but the earliest stages of reaction (GITEL,
Remote prognosis, diagnosis and maintenance for automotive architecture based on least squares support vector machine and multiple classifiers (2012)

Software issues related to automotive controls account for an increasingly large percentage of the overall vehicles recalled. To alleviate this problem, vehicle diagnosis and maintenance systems are increasingly being performed remotely, that is while the vehicle is being driven without need for factory recall and there is strong consumer interest in Remote Diagnosis and Maintenance (RD&M) systems. Such systems are developed with different building blocks/elements and various capabilities. This paper presents a novel automotive RD&M system and prognosis architecture. The elements of the proposed system include vehicles, smart phones, maintenance service centers, vehicle manufacturer, RD&M experts, RD&M service centers, logistics carry centers, and emergency centers. The system promotes the role of smart phones used to run prognosis and diagnosis tools based on Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) multiple classifiers. During the prognosis phase, the smart phone stores the history of any forecast failures and send them, only if any failure already occurred during the diagnosis, to the RD&M service centre. The later will then forward it to RD&M experts as a real failure data to improve the training data used in prognosis classification and predication of the remaining useful life (RUL). The (LS-SVM) is used widely in prognostics and system health management of spacecraft in-orbit and it is applied to monitor spacecraft's performance, detect faults, identify the root cause of the fault, and predict RUL. The same approach is applied in this paper. Finally, the RD&M software architectures for the vehicle and the smart phone are presented.
Whole Mount RNA In Situ Hybridization on Zebrafish Embryos: Hybridization (2008)

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes procedures for detecting gene expression in zebrafish embryos in situ using labeled RNA probes. The labels (digoxigenin or fluorescein) are detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antibodies that catalyze a chromogenic reaction, producing visible blue or red products. Two-color in situ hybridization can be performed by labeling with a combination of digoxigenin- and fluorescein-labeled probes and detecting the digoxigenin and fluorescein with sequential alkaline phosphatase reactions using different chromogenic substrates. In the method described here, the fluorescein-labeled probe is detected with the red substrate, but either probe can be detected with either substrate.
Gaucher disease and bone: Laboratory and skeletal mineral density variations during a long period of enzyme replacement therapy (2004)

The usefulness of bone turnover markers in Gaucher disease is still unclear and their utility in monitoring the effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on bone metabolism has not yet been investigated exhaustively. Skeletal involvement seems to improve slowly during ERT, but only a few studies evaluating bone mineral density (BMD) changes during a long follow-up period have been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ERT on bone involvement in a group of 12 type I Gaucher disease (GD I) patients by monitoring biochemical indices of bone resorption/formation and BMD measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum (calcium, phosphorus, bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme, carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), osteocalcin, intact parathyroid hormone) and urinary (calcium, phosphorus, hydroxyproline and free deoxypyridinoline) markers of bone metabolism and lumbar BMD were measured at baseline, after 6 and 12 months, and then every year for a mean ERT follow-up period of 4.5 years (range 4.4-6 years). Twelve healthy adult subjects matched for age and sex were tested as negative controls. A significant decrease of PICP was detected in the patient group at baseline (mean value 100.52 ng/ml vs 142.45 ng/ml, p = 0.017), while ICTP was remarkably higher: mean value 3.93 ng/ml vs 2.72 ng/ml, p = 0.004 (two-sided Student's t-test). No changes in bone formation indices were observed during the follow-up period, while urinary calcium excretion increased significantly from 0.065 to 0.191 mg/mg creatinine (p = 0.0014) (repeated measures ANOVA). A significant BMD improvement was also detected after an average ERT period of 4.5 years: Z-score increased from -0.81 to -0.56 (p = 0.005) (two-sided Student's t-test). These data evidenced the ineffectiveness of the biochemical markers used in monitoring ERT efficacy in GD I skeletal involvement, whereas DEXA was demonstrated to be a reliable method with which to follow up BMD improvement.
Monoclonal Antibody for Avian Thymic Hormone (1991)

Avian thymic hormone (ATH), a parvalbumin with immunomodulating properties, was used as antigen for development of a hybridoma cell line. Hybridoma screening by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) led to the culture, purification, and characterization of an hybridoma, designated 4A6, which secretes IgG1 that is specific for ATH. The monoclonal antibody (MAb) was characterized by techniques involving indirect competitive and non-competitive ELISA, Western Blot analysis, and immunohistological staining. The MAb was highly specific for ATH with no cross-reactivity to other chicken tissue extracts or commercially available parvalbumins.
The ERECTA Receptor-Like Kinase Regulates Cell Wall–Mediated Resistance to Pathogens in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2009)

Some receptor-like kinases (RLK) control plant development while others regulate immunity. The Arabidopsis ERECTA (ER) RLK regulates both biological processes. To discover specific components of ER-mediated immunity, a genetic screen was conducted to identify suppressors of erecta (ser) susceptibility to Plectosphaerella cucumerina fungus. The ser1 and ser2 mutations restored disease resistance to this pathogen to wild-type levels in the er-1 background but failed to suppress er-associated developmental phenotypes. The deposition of callose upon P. cucumerina inoculation, which was impaired in the er-1 plants, was also restored to near wild-type levels in the ser er-1 mutants. Analyses of er cell walls revealed that total neutral sugars were reduced and uronic acids increased relative to those of wild-type walls. Interestingly, in the ser er-1 walls, neutral sugars were elevated and uronic acids were reduced relative to both er-1 and wild-type plants. The cell-wall changes found in er-1 and the ser er-1 mutants are unlikely to contribute to their developmental alterations. However, they may influence disease resistance, as a positive correlation was found between uronic acids content and resistance to P. cucumerina. We propose a specific function for ER in regulating cell wall-mediated disease resistance that is distinct from its role in development.
Quality-of-Service Routing for Traffic with Performance Guarantees (1997)

Quality-of-Service (QoS) routing tries to select a path that satisfies a set of QoS constraints, while also achieving overall network resource efficiency. We present initial results on QoS path selection for traffic requiring bandwidth and delay guarantees. For traffic with bandwidth guarantees, we found that several routing algorithms that favor paths with fewer hops perform well. For traffic with delay guarantees, we show that for a broad class of WFQ-like scheduling algorithms, the problem of finding a path satisfying bandwidth, delay, delay-jitter, and/or buffer space constraints while at the same time deriving the bandwidth that has to be reserved to meet these constraints, is solvable by a modified version of the Bellman-Ford shortest-path algorithm in polynomial time.
Multiple Multidimensional Sequence Alignment Using Generalized Dynamic Time Warping (2012)

Nowadays, the alignment of multidimensional sequences is required in many applications especially for multimedia data. The ordinary DTW is not well satisfied this condition because it can only align a pair of 1D sequences at once. Applying traditional DTW to these tasks not only makes each pairwise alignments are independent but also causes each dimensions are compared separately. In this paper, the generalized algorithm of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is proposed for multiple multidimensional time series alignments, called Multiple Multidimensional Dynamic Time Warping (MM-DTW). This algorithm utilizes all dimensions to obtain the optimal path and aligns multiple signals simultaneously. After alignment, the regular similarity measurement can be used to these aligned signals. The performances of MM-DTW are investigated by the nearest neighbor classifier compared to the ordinary DTW and its multidimensional modified algorithm. Experiments on real-world application, Query by humming, demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed method over the other algorithms.
Computer-Based Study on the Estimation of Residual Stresses (1985)

In the present study an attempt has been made to find out some correlation between the residual stresses with various welding parameters using dimensional analysis. The equations thus derived when used for finding out the residual stresses yield results which are in reasonable agreement with the measured ones for all practical purposes.
Immunochemical Characterization of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex in Rat Brain (1985)

Abstract: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) in rat brain was studied immunochemically, using antibodies against the bovine kidney PDHC, by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, inhibition of enzyme activity, and enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). The immunoblots showed that the antibodies bound strongly to the α peptide of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) component, and to the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2) and the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) components of PDHC. A similar immunoblotting pattern was observed in all eight brain regions examined. On immunoblotting of the subcellular fractions, these PDHC peptides were observed in mitochondria and synaptosomes but not in the postmitochondrial supernatants. This agrees with other evidence that brain PDHC is localized in the mitochondria. These results, together with those from sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitin, also showed that the αE1, βE1, and E3 peptides of rat brain PDHC are very similar in sizes to those of the bovine kidney PDHC, being 42, 36, and 58 kD, respectively. The size of the E2 peptide, 66 kD, is different from that of bovine kidney E2, 73 kD. The relative abundance of PDHC protein in nonsynaptic mitochondria was compared by enzyme activity titration and ELISA. Both methods demonstrated that the amount of PDHC antigen in the mitochondria from cerebral cortex is greater than that in the olfactory bulb mitochondria. This is consistent with the results of the activity measurement. The ELISA also showed that the PDHCs in both mitochondrial populations are antigenically similar. Our results suggest that variations of PDHC activity among different brain regions represent quantitative variations in the amount of PDHC protein.
Synthesis of Fluorinated Graphene Oxide and its Amphiphobic Properties (2013)

The richly functionalized basal plane bonded to polar organic moieties makes graphene oxide (GO) innately hydrophilic. Here, a methodology to synthesize fluorinated graphene oxide by oxidizing the basal plane of fluorinated graphite, allowing for tunable hydrophobicity of GO, is reported. Fluorine exists as tertiary alkyl fluorides covalently bonded to graphitic carbons, and using magic‐angle spinning (MAS) 13 C NMR as a primary tool chemical structures for the two types of synthesized fluorinated graphene oxides (FGOs) with significantly different fluorine contents are proposed. The low surface energy of the C–F bond drastically affects GO's wetting behavior, leading to amphiphobicity in its highly fluorinated form. Ease of solution processing enables the fabrication of inks that are spray‐painted on various porous/non‐porous substrates. These coatings maintain amphiphobicity for solvents with surface tensions down to 59 dyn/cm, thus bypassing existing lithographic means to create similar surfaces. The approach towards fluorinating GO and fabricating graphene‐based surfaces with tunable wettability opens the path towards unique, accessible, carbon‐based amphiphobic coatings.