gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethylene Homopolymerization Kinetics with a Constrained Geometry Catalyst in a Solution Reactor (2012)

The solution polymerization of ethylene was studied in a semibatch reactor using a constrained geometry catalyst (CGC) and methylaluminumoxane (MAO). The influence of ethylene concentration, temperature, MAO, and catalyst concentrations on ethylene polymerization kinetics was investigated systematically. The deactivation of the CGC/MAO system during ethylene polymerization was described with a first order thermal deactivation mechanism that included reversible activation and deactivation with MAO. Interestingly, the polymerization order with respect to ethylene varied with ethylene concentration from first to second order. The trigger mechanism was shown to describe well the effect of ethylene concentration on polymer yield and polymerization kinetics. Low MAO concentration favored formation of polymer chains with unsaturated chain ends that in turn led to the production of polymers with higher long chain branch densities. It was also observed that CGC did not behave as a true single site catalyst at low MAO concentrations.
Health Effects of Cochlear Implants (2013)

Aim To investigate whether people on a waiting list for cochlear implantation are more likely than those who have cochlear implants to suffer from illnesses which are potentially mediated by stress. Method A questionnaire, designed to assess the presence, persistence, and medication use associated with stress-related illnesses, was administered to two groups: those on a waiting list for cochlear implantation and adult users of cochlear implants. Results Those on the cochlear implant waiting list had significantly poorer health as indicated by: a greater number of conditions experienced in the past year, longer illness length when affected by a condition, medication use for a greater number of conditions, and poorer mental health. Conclusion There are lengthy waiting lists for adult cochlear implantation. The need to wait and the lack of a known date for surgery, in combination with having a profound hearing loss is likely to result in chronic stress. Chronic stress may increase the risk of physical and mental illness via physiological systems which mediate response to environmental threats. Cochlear implantation may alleviate chronic stress in people on the waiting list, and these findings support the hypothesis that this influences physical health. 1.
An evaluation of four experimental methods for measuring mean properties of a supersonic turbulent boundary layer (1956)

From Summary: "Surveys were made through a turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate by means of a pitot probe, an x-ray densitometer, and hot-wire and cold-wire probes. Results from these surveys were analyzed to determine (a) the reliability of the basic data and hence the methods by which they were obtained, and (b) how well the actual distributions of properties in the boundary layer compare with those commonly assumed in semiempirical and theoretical analyses. All surveys were made at the same longitudinal station on the flat plate. The tests were conducted in a an 8- by 8-inch supersonic nozzle. The free-stream Mach number was 3.03 and the Reynolds number was approximately 210,000 based on boundary-layer thickness."
PHOTORESPONSIVE ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE. REGULATION OF MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY OF LIPOSOMAL MEMBRANE BY PHOTOREVERSIBLE <i>CIS‐TRANS</i> ISOMERIZATION OF AZOBENZENES (1981)

Abstract— Photoresponsive artificial membranes have been prepared by embedding amphiphatic alkyl‐ammonium salts containing azobenzene chromophore in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes. The configurational change due to trans→cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene chromophore provided the perturbation of the membrane structure to result in the increase of the water and bromo‐thymol blue permeability of the liposomal membranes.
A Mouse Homeo Box Gene Is Expressed in Spermatocytes and Embryos (1986)

The MH-3 gene, which contains a homeo box that is expressed specifically in the adult testis, was identified and mapped to mouse chromosome 6. By means of in situ hybridization with adult testis sections and Northern blot hybridization with testis RNA from prepuberal mice and from Sl/Sld mutant mice, it was demonstrated that this gene is expressed in male germ cells during late meiosis. In the embryo, MH-3 transcripts were present at day 11.5 post coitum, a stage in mouse development when gonadal differentiation has not yet occurred. The MH-3 gene may have functions in spermatogenesis and embryogenesis.
Contribución al aseguramiento de la calidad de servicio en redes metropolitanas Ethernet (2007)

"El propósito de un sistema de control de admisión (ACS) es garantizar las necesidades de calidad de servicio en las transmisiones de voz y video. Estos sistemas consideran entre sus variables el retardo, variación de retardo o pérdida de paquetes. Este documento presenta un análisis de la posible interacción del control de admisión basado en pruebas con MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching). Acotaremos la red de transporte a la familia Ethernet, la cual ha incursionado de manera importante dentro de los ámbitos metropolitanos con su estándar802.3ae. Nuestra propuesta emplea las funcionalidades de MPLS agregándole un esquema de control de admisión basado en pruebas llevando la complejidad y aceptación de nuevas sesiones a los extremos de la red. Se describirá el procedimiento para la interoperatividad con MPLS y sus ventajas de implementarse sobre una red metropolitana Ethernet."
Limitations of Internet Protocol Suite for Distributed Simulation the Large Multicast Environment (1999)

The Large-Scale Multicast Applications (LSMA) working group was chartered to produce documents aimed at a consensus based development of the Internet protocols to support large scale multicast applications including real-time distributed simulation.This memo defines services that LSMA has found to be required, and aspects of the Internet protocols that LSMA has found to need further development in order to meet these requirements.
Minimum redundancy linear arrays for a large number of antennas (1980)

A linear array that achieves maximum resolution for a given number of antennas is advantageous in earth‐rotation aperture synthesis. This type of array is called a minimum redundancy linear array; it is obtained by reducing redundant spacings present in the array. Various methods are examined to find optimum arrays for a large number of antennas. From the systematic analysis of regular patterns in these arrays, a possibility of generalizing optimum arrays is suggested. Optimum configurations could also be used for distributing stations in an aperture synthesis array.
Production of toxin by Clostridium botulinum type A strains cured by plasmids (1986)

Twelve strains of Clostridium botulinum type A and seven strains of Clostridium sporogenes were screened for plasmids by agarose gel electrophoresis of cleared lysates of cells from 5 ml of mid-log-phase culture. Nine type A strains had one or more plasmids of 4.3, 6.8, or 36 megadaltons (MDa); several strains showed a large plasmid of 61 MDa, but it was not consistently recovered. Four C. sporogenes strains had one or more plasmids of 4.3, 5.6 or 36 MDa. Isolates obtained from cultures of plasmid-containing C. botulinum type A strains grown in ionic detergent broth and from spontaneously arising variants were screened both for toxin production and for plasmid content. Toxigenicity of C. botulinum could not be correlated with the presence of any one plasmid.
Characterization and epidemiological relationships of Spanish<i>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i>field isolates (2009)

This research aimed to describe the genetic and phenotypic diversity of 74 Spanish Brachyspira hyodysenteriae field isolates, to establish epidemiological relationships between the isolates and to confirm the presence of tiamulin-resistant isolates in Spain. For these purposes, we performed biochemical tests in combination with diagnostic PCR analysis for the identification of Brachyspira spp. and for detection of the smpA/smpB gene. We also used antimicrobial susceptibility tests, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and a new pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocol. The combination of RAPD and PFGE allowed the study of epidemiological relationships. Both indole-negative and tiamulin-resistant isolates of B. hyodysenteriae are reported in Spain for the first time. The genetic analyses indicated a relationship between these Spanish isolates and indole-negative isolates previously obtained from Germany and Belgium.
Differential thermal analysis of fats. I. Principle, apparatus, and procedure (1958)

Summary The differential thermal method is particularly suitable for investigating the melting and polymorphic properties of fats. An apparatus for registering differential thermal analysis curves is described. In addition, examples of melting curves of water and of some fats are given.
Clinical chemistry (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClinical chemistryGeorge R. KingsleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 5, 14–35Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60274a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Wigner glass, spin liquids and the metal-insulator transition (1999)

Abstract Recent experiments on the two-dimensional electron gas in various semiconductor devices have shown an unexpected metal-insulator transition. These experimental results cannot be understood from the conventional perspective of weak interactions. We propose that: the low-density insulating state is the Wigner glass, a phase with quasi-long-range structural order and competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin-exchange interactions; the transition is the melting of this Wigner glass, the disorder allowing the transition to be second order; within the Wigner glass phase there are at least two distinct magnetic ground states—a ferromagnetic state at very low electron density and a spin-liquid state with a spin pseudogap at higher densities; and the metallic side of the transition is a non-Fermi liquid. We present a proposed phase diagram as a function of disorder strength and density and suggest experimental signatures of the various phases and transitions.
Ca2+ channel blockers modulate metabolism of collagens within the extracellular matrix. (1996)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate network composed of an array of macromolecules capable of regulating the functional responsiveness of cells. Its composition greatly varies among different types of tissue, and dysregulation of its metabolism may contribute to vascular remodeling during the pathogenesis of various diseases, including atherosclerosis. In view of their antiatherosclerotic effects, the role of Ca2+ channel blockers in the metabolism of ECM was examined. Nanomolar concentrations of the five Ca2+ channel blockers amlodipine, felodipine, manidipine, verapamil, or diltiazem significantly decreased both the constitutive and platelet-derived growth factor BB-dependent collagen deposition in the ECM formed by human vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The drugs inhibited the expression of fibrillar collagens type I and III and of basement membrane type IV collagen. Furthermore, Ca2+ channel blockers specifically increased the proteolytic activity of the 72-kDa type IV collagenase as shown by gelatin zymography and inhibited the transcription of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2.
Polymer Swelling, Drug Mobilization and Drug Recrystallization in Hydrating Solid Dispersion Tablets Studied by Multinuclear NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy (2011)

Despite the advantages offered by solid dispersions, the marketed products based on this technology are few. The most frequent concern is the stability of the amorphous drug. The state of the drug in solid dispersions is, in general, poorly characterized as the number of characterization techniques available to monitor nanometer-sized drug particles embedded in a matrix are limited. Here we present a combination of localized NMR spectroscopic and NMR imaging techniques which allow in situ monitoring of the state of the drug during tablet disintegration and dissolution. (19)F NMR relaxation is shown to be sensitive to both the crystalline/amorphous state and the size of the model nanoparticles made of the drug substance flutamide. The time course of drug mobilization and recrystallization is detected with spatial resolution within swelling solid dispersion tablets. Comparing results from spatially resolved (19)F, (2)H and (1)H NMR experiments, recrystallization is related to its enabling factors such as local hydration level and local mobility of the polymer matrix. The initially amorphous drug may recrystallize either by nanoparticle coalescence or by ripening of crystalline grains.
Pharmacokinetics and Tumor Disposition of PEGylated, Methotrexate Conjugated Poly-<scp>l</scp>-lysine Dendrimers (2009)

Dendrimers have potential for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs to solid tumors via the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. The impact of conjugation of hydrophobic anticancer drugs to hydrophilic PEGylated dendrimer surfaces, however, has not been fully investigated. The current study has therefore characterized the effect on dendrimer disposition of conjugating alpha-carboxyl protected methotrexate (MTX) to a series of PEGylated (3)H-labeled poly-l-lysine dendrimers ranging in size from generation 3 (G3) to 5 (G5) in rats. Dendrimers contained 50% surface PEG and 50% surface MTX. Conjugation of MTX generally increased plasma clearance when compared to conjugation with PEG alone. Conversely, increasing generation reduced clearance, increased metabolic stability and reduced renal elimination of the administered radiolabel. For constructs with molecular weights >20 kDa increasing the molecular weight of conjugated PEG also reduced clearance and enhanced metabolic stability but had only a minimal effect on renal elimination. Tissue distribution studies revealed retention of MTX conjugated smaller (G3-G4) PEG(570) dendrimers (or their metabolic products) in the kidneys. In contrast, the larger G5 dendrimer was concentrated more in the liver and spleen. The G5 PEG(1100) dendrimer was also shown to accumulate in solid Walker 256 and HT1080 tumors, and comparative disposition data in both rats (1 to 2% dose/g in tumor) and mice (11% dose/g in tumor) are presented. The results of this study further illustrate the potential utility of biodegradable PEGylated poly-l-lysine dendrimers as long-circulating vectors for the delivery and tumor-targeting of hydrophobic drugs.
<i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> and Leprosy: A Compendium (2001)

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which was discovered by G.H.A. Hansen in 1873. M. leprae is an exceptional bacterium because of its long generation time and no growth in artificial media. Entire sequencing of the bacterial genome revealed numerous pseudogenes (inactive reading frames with functional counterparts in M. tuberculosis) which might be responsible for the very limited metabolic activity of M. leprae. The clinical demonstration of the disease is determined by the quality of host immune response. Th1-type immune response helps to kill the bacteria, but hosts are encroached upon when Th2-type response is predominant. The bacteria have affinity to the peripheral nerves and are likely to cause neuropathy. M. leprae/laminin-alpha2 complexes bind to alpha/beta dystroglycan complexes expressed on the Schwann cell surface. WHO recommends a chemotherapy protocol [multidrug therapy (MDT)] which effectively controls the disease and contributes to the global elimination program. Leprosy has been stigmatized throughout history, and recent topics regarding the disease in Japan are also discussed.
Amino Acid Sequence of the Light Chain from a Mouse Myeloma Protein with Anti-Hapten Activity: Evidence for a Third Type of Light Chain (1971)

A tentative amino acid sequence has been determined for the light chain of a mouse A-myeloma (MOPC-315) protein with anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl activity. An unusual amino acid sequence in the carboxyl-terminal 104 residues suggests that the chain represents a new class of immunoglobulin light chain. The "variable" segment of this chain (amino-terminal 110 residues) differs at only eight positions from the corresponding segment of the lambda chain of a mouse M-myeloma (MOPC-104) protein with anti-dextran activity.
Eukaryotic Control Elements (1990)

As you attempt to express genes transferred into cells or into an animal, you must deal intelligently with a plethora of information about cis-acting DNA elements that, either directly or indirectly, affect gene expression. Each gene appears to have not only a promoter but in many cases a matched enhancer, as well as splice signals, polyadenylation signals, and signals that determine the messenger RNA half-life. These elements exert their influence in concert in a cell-type-specific manner and serve to determine where and when in an organism the gene is expressed. These elements can also be experimentally mixed and matched with each other, resulting in recombinant elements that manifest new biologies. Thus, before a single test tube is raised, you must familiarize yourself with these elements. Despite the apparent complexity of the interaction of these cis-acting elements during the regulation of gene expression, there are a number of rules you should keep in mind to guide genetic design.KeywordsNeural Cell Adhesion MoleculeMouse Mammary Tumor VirusEnhancer ElementSV40 PromoterGene EnhancerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Immune pathways and defence mechanisms in honey bees <i>Apis mellifera</i> (2006)

Social insects are able to mount both group-level and individual defences against pathogens. Here we focus on individual defences, by presenting a genome-wide analysis of immunity in a social insect, the honey bee Apis mellifera. We present honey bee models for each of four signalling pathways associated with immunity, identifying plausible orthologues for nearly all predicted pathway members. When compared to the sequenced Drosophila and Anopheles genomes, honey bees possess roughly one-third as many genes in 17 gene families implicated in insect immunity. We suggest that an implied reduction in immune flexibility in bees reflects either the strength of social barriers to disease, or a tendency for bees to be attacked by a limited set of highly coevolved pathogens.
Glutathione Therapy: From Prodrugs to Genes (1998)

Glutathione (GSH; L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteineglycine) is found in almost all mammalian cells, and liver has very high intracellular levels of GSH. It has many cellular functions, such as being a coenzyme, maintaining thiol/disulfide status, protection against toxic compounds and oxidative stress. GSH levels have been reported to be low in a number of pathological conditions; thus methods for increasing GSH levels are desirable. GSH may be increased by supplying its amino acid precursor cysteine, in the form of prodrugs, such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC). It may also be increased by giving gamma-glutamylcysteine, a dipeptide precursor GSH monoester and GSH diester are effective GSH delivery drugs. Such compounds may be therapeutically useful. Gene therapy may be useful for longer term therapy of GSH deficiency.
Laser Capture Microdissection (2001)

The acquisition of homogeneous or pure cell populations for cell biologic and molecular analyses has been a difficult challenge for many decades. A variety of approaches have been tried, including macroscopic dissection of tissues from frozen tissue blocks to increase the population of specific cell types (1,2). Some investigators have used irradiation of manually ink-stained sections to destroy cells that were not of interest (3,4). Microdissection with the aid of a microscope and needles has been used by many other investigators (5,6). This latter approach can provide a great deal of precision in collecting homogenous cells, but it is slow and labor-intensive and requires a high degree of manual dexterity. Most of these approaches have not provided the speed, precision, and efficiency needed for research or routine clinical molecular diagnostic use.
Training and Evaluation of Human Cardiorespiratory Endurance Based on a Fuzzy Algorithm (2019)

Cardiorespiratory endurance refers to the ability of the heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to working muscles during continuous physical activity, which is an important indicator of physical health. Cardiorespiratory endurance is typically measured in the laboratory by maximum oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2max</sub>) which is not a practical method for real-life use. Given the relative difficulty in measuring oxygen consumption directly, we can estimate cardiorespiratory endurance on the basis of heart beat. In this paper, we proposed a fuzzy system based on the human heart rate to provide an effective cardiorespiratory endurance training program and the evaluation of cardiorespiratory endurance levels. Trainers can respond correctly with the help of a smart fitness app to obtain the desired training results and prevent undesirable events such as under-training or over-training. The fuzzy algorithm, which is built for the Android mobile phone operating system receives the resting heart rate (RHR) of the participants via Bluetooth before exercise to determine the suitable training speed mode of a treadmill for the individual. The computer-based fuzzy program takes RHR and heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise as inputs to calculate the cardiorespiratory endurance level. The experimental results show that after 8 weeks of exercise training, the RHR decreased by an average of 11%, the HRR increased by 51.5%, and the cardiorespiratory endurance evaluation level was also improved. The proposed system can be combined with other methods for fitness instructors to design a training program that is more suitable for individuals.