gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microfluidic model for single-cell capillary obstruction by <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> -infected erythrocytes (2003)

Severe malaria by Plasmodium falciparum is a potentially fatal disease, frequently unresponsive to even the most aggressive treatments. Host organ failure is associated with acquired rigidity of infected red blood cells and capillary blockage. In vitro techniques have played an important role in modeling cell deformability. Although, historically they have either been applied to bulk cell populations or to measure single physical parameters of individual cells. In this article, we demonstrate the unique abilities and benefits of elastomeric microchannels to characterize complex behaviors of single cells, under flow, in multicellular capillary blockages. Channels of 8-, 6-, 4-, and 2-microm widths were readily traversed by the 8 microm-wide, highly elastic, uninfected red blood cells, as well as by infected cells in the early ring stages. Trophozoite stages failed to freely traverse 2- to 4-microm channels; some that passed through the 4-microm channels emerged from constricted space with deformations whose shape-recovery could be observed in real time. In 2-microm channels, trophozoites mimicked "pitting," a normal process in the body where spleen beds remove parasites without destroying the red cell. Schizont forms failed to traverse even 6-microm channels and rapidly formed a capillary blockage. Interestingly, individual uninfected red blood cells readily squeezed through the blockages formed by immobile schizonts in a 6-microm capillary. The last observation can explain the high parasitemia in a growing capillary blockage and the well known benefits of early blood transfusion in severe malaria.
Effect of ascorbic acid on the intragastric environment in patients at increased risk of developing gastric cancer. (1991)

Ascorbic acid has been shown to decrease nitrosation in vivo, and epidemiological data suggest that the consumption of foods rich in this vitamin is associated with a reduced risk for gastric cancer. In order to study this suggestion further, fasting gastric juice samples were obtained from 62 high-risk patients (seven with atrophic gastritis, ten with pernicious anaemia, ten with partial gastrectomy, 21 with vagotomy and drainage and 14 with highly selective vagotomy), before, during four weeks' treatment with 1 g ascorbic acid four times daily, and four weeks after treatment. Samples were analysed for pH, total and nitrate-reducing bacterial counts, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds. Treatment with ascorbic acid lowered the median pH only in the vagotomized patients (p less than 0.001) but resulted in a reduction in median nitrate-reducing bacterial counts and in nitrite and N-nitroso compound concentrations in all groups, except for an increase in the nitrate-reducing bacterial count in atrophic gastritis patients and in nitrite in those with pernicious anaemia. These data suggest that treatment with a high dose of ascorbic acid reduces the intragastric formation of nitrite and N-nitroso compounds.
A Convolutional Neural Network for Pavement Surface Crack Segmentation Using Residual Connections and Attention Gating (2019)

Conventional surface crack segmentation requires images manually labelled by a trained expert. It is a challenging task as cracks can vary in orientation and size, with some parts of cracks only being one pixel wide. Further, available training data for crack segmentation is sparse. In this work we propose to automate this annotation task, by introducing a fully convolutional U-Net based architecture for semantic segmentation of surface cracks which allows for the use of small datasets through a patch based training process. Our proposed configuration makes use of residual connections inside the convolutional blocks as well as including an attention based gating mechanism between the encoder and decoder section of this architecture, which only propagates relevant activations further. Using our proposed architecture we achieve new state of the art results in two different crack datasets, outperforming the previous best results in two metrics each.
Clemmensen reduction of 2-acetonaphthone (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClemmensen reduction of 2-acetonaphthoneE. J. Eisenbraun, W. P. Duncan, J. E. Russell, G. W. Keen, Flanagan P. W., and M. C. HammingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 1, 142–145Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00966a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00966a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Proposed Digital Rights Management System for 3D Graphics Using Biometric Watermarks (2010)

This paper proposes a new DRM system for 3D graphics that makes use of biometric watermarking technology. The presented solution utilizes an image of a biometric trait e.g. face or fingerprint, and embeds it into the 3D graphics as a watermark. This biometric watermark is then used to authenticate a legitimate user. Details for the components of the DRM framework are presented. Adoption of biometric watermarking allows the DRM system to provide consumers unrestricted access to the graphics along with limiting graphics content access to only legitimate users, thereby protecting artists from large scale online piracy. A detailed survey of existing DRM solutions for 3D graphics is provided to identify the limitations of each implementation which offers either restrictive content usage scenarios or is ineffective in preventing unauthorized usage.
Mid-Infrared Filters Using Metallic Crossed Dipoles And Dielectric Films (1989)

Stop-band filters were made from metallic crossed dipoles on two types of substrates. The dipoles were fabricated using electron beam lithography on a ZnSe substrate and a surface-modified ZnSe substrate. A thin film of CaF, modified the ZnSe surface by providing a buffer layer between the crossed dipoles and the ZnSe.
Diagnosis and treatment of otitis media. (2007)

Diagnostic criteria for acute otitis media include rapid onset of symptoms, middle ear effusion, and signs and symptoms of middle ear inflammation. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common bacterial isolates from the middle ear fluid of children with acute otitis media. Fever, otalgia, headache, irritability, cough, rhinitis, listlessness, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and pulling at the ears are common, but nonspecific symptoms. Detection of middle ear effusion by pneumatic otoscopy is key in establishing the diagnosis. Observation is an acceptable option in healthy children with mild symptoms. Antibiotics are recommended in all children younger than six months, in those between six months and two years if the diagnosis is certain, and in children with severe infection. High-dosage amoxicillin (80 to 90 mg per kg per day) is recommended as first-line therapy. Macrolide antibiotics, clindamycin, and cephalosporins are alternatives in penicillin-sensitive children and in those with resistant infections. Patients who do not respond to treatment should be reassessed. Hearing and language testing is recommended in children with suspected hearing loss or persistent effusion for at least three months, and in those with developmental problems.
Synthesis of graft copolymers onto styrenic polymer backbone via “grafting from” raft process (2012)

Abstract A new synthetic methodology is developed for preparing graft copolymers via RAFT polymerization method by the “R group approach” onto styrenic polymers. In this approach, latent sites of the styrenic polymer was brominated first and then converted into macro‐RAFT agents with pyrazole and thio dodecyl as the Z groups. This was used to synthesize graft copolymer such as polystyrene‐ graft ‐polymethyl methacrylate (PS‐ g ‐PMMA), polystyrene‐ graft ‐poly(isobornyl acrylate), polystyrene‐ graft ‐poly[2‐(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate] (PS‐ g ‐PAEMA), and poly( para ‐methoxystyrene)‐ graft ‐polystyrene (P( p ‐MS)‐ g ‐PS). The polymers are characterized by gel permeation chromatography, 1 H NMR, IR, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The morphology of PS‐ g ‐PMMA in THF was investigated using AFM and island‐like features were noticed. The AFM studies of the PS‐ g ‐PAEMA graft copolymers revealed the formation of globules and ribbon‐like morphological features. The PS‐ g ‐PAEMA graft copolymers form complex with Fe(III) in dimethylformamide and the AFM studies suggest the formation of globular superstructures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Four-Terminal Phase-Coherent Conductance (1986)

A conductance formula for a sample of arbitrary shape with four terminals is derived to describe transport in the limit where carriers can traverse the sample without suffering phase-destroying events. The Onsager-Casimir symmetry relations are deduced. Experiments measure an off-diagonal Onsager coefficient and the magnetoconductance of such a sample is asymmetric even in the presence of an Aharonov-Bohm flux only. Symmetry relations between conductance measurements which exchange the role of current and voltage leads are predicted.
Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Hippocampal Circuitry Is Required for Consolidation and Reconsolidation of Recognition Memory (2003)

Consolidation and reconsolidation of long-term memory have been shown to be dependent on the synthesis of new proteins, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying these events remain to be elucidated. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway can trigger genomic responses in neurons, leading to changes in protein synthesis, and several studies have identified its pivotal role in synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation. In this study, we analyze the involvement of this pathway in the consolidation and reconsolidation of long-term recognition memory, using an object recognition task. We show that inhibition of the MAPK pathway by intracerebroventricular injection of the MEK [MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)] inhibitor UO126 blocks consolidation of object recognition memory but does not affect short-term memory. Brain regions of the entorhinal cortex-hippocampal circuitry were analyzed for ERK activation, and it was shown that consolidation of recognition memory was associated with increased phosphorylation of ERK in the dentate gyrus and entorhinal cortex, although total expression of ERK was unchanged. We also report that inhibition of the MAPK pathway blocks reconsolidation of recognition memory, and this was shown to be dependent on reactivation of the memory trace by brief reexposure to the objects. In addition, reconsolidation of memory was associated with an increase in the phosphorylation of ERK in entorhinal cortex and CA1. In summary, our data show that the MAPK kinase pathway is required for both consolidation and reconsolidation of long-term recognition memory, and that this is associated with hyperphosphorylation of ERK in different subregions of the entorhinal cortex-hippocampal circuitry.
Macromolecular crowding induced elongation and compaction of single DNA molecules confined in a nanochannel (2009)

The effect of dextran nanoparticles on the conformation and compaction of single DNA molecules confined in a nanochannel was investigated with fluorescence microscopy. It was observed that the DNA molecules elongate and eventually condense into a compact form with increasing volume fraction of the crowding agent. Under crowded conditions, the channel diameter is effectively reduced, which is interpreted in terms of depletion in DNA segment density in the interfacial region next to the channel wall. Confinement in a nanochannel also facilitates compaction with a neutral crowding agent at low ionic strength. The threshold volume fraction for condensation is proportional to the size of the nanoparticle, due to depletion induced attraction between DNA segments. We found that the effect of crowding is not only related to the colligative properties of the agent and that confinement is also important. It is the interplay between anisotropic confinement and osmotic pressure which gives the elongated conformation and the possibility for condensation at low ionic strength.
Digoxin-like immunoreactivity in normal human plasma and urine, as detected by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. (1984)

Reports on the presence of digoxin-like immunoreactive substance(s) (DLIS) in the plasma and urine of several animal species and a few human test subjects prompted us to undertake to confirm the presence of DLIS in plasma and urine of normal persons and to investigate some characteristics of this antibody-DLIS binding. For this purpose we used a modified radioimmunoassay kit involving antidigoxin antibody-coated test tubes and 125I-labeled digoxin to measure DLIS in urine and concentrated plasma of ostensibly healthy subjects. In 12 separate experiments with plasma the mean sensitivity was 5.12 (SD 1.11) pg per tube, expressed as digoxin. There was no significant cross reactivity with human serum albumin in concentrations up to 200 g/L. The mean DLIS value (in digoxin equivalents) for plasma from 24 normal subjects was 33.58 (SD 14.24) ng/L. Its mean concentration in urine from five subjects was 315.00 (SD 91.38) ng/L.
Enzymatic Synthesis and Solid-State Properties of Aliphatic Polyesteramides with Polydimethylsiloxane Blocks (2007)

The synthesis of silicone polyesteramides was successfully performed in bulk at 70 °C via a biocatalytic route. Immobilized Candida antartica Lipase B (Novozym 435, N435) was used as catalyst under mild conditions to perform the polycondensation reaction using various feed mole ratios of diethyl adipate (DEA), 1,8-octanediol (OD), and α,ω-(diaminopropyl)polydimethylsiloxane (Si-NH2). The syntheses of poly(octamethylene adipate), POA, and poly(α,ω-(diaminopropyl)polydimethylsiloxane adipamide), PSiAA, were also performed by N435 catalysis in order to compare their properties with those of silicone polyesteramides. The microstructures of all polymers were studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and calculated amide/ester ratios were in agreement with the monomer feed mole ratio. Formation of amide links (DEA−SiAA units) occurs more rapidly than ester repeats (DEA−OA units). This results in copolymers that tend toward a blocklike sequence distribution. Thermal stability of the polyesteramides, evaluated by TGA both in nitrogen and in air, increases with DEA−SiAA content (up to 50 mol %). The relative amount of amide and ester units along the polymer chain strongly affects the physical aspect of the polyesteramides. High content of DEA−OA units leads to hard solid materials containing a well-developed high melting POA-type crystal phase, whose melting temperature changes with composition. When DEA−SiAA units are the major component, the material acquires a sticky appearance.
Zur weiteren Kenntnis des Chlorophylls und des Hämins, XX<sup>1)</sup> Formyl‐ und Acetyl‐substituierte Deuteroporphyrine<sup>2)</sup> (1968)

Abstract Vilsmeier‐Reaktion am Kupfer‐Komplex des Deuteroporphyrin‐IX‐dimethylesters (1) liefert sechs Formyl‐substituierte Deuteroporphyrin‐dimethylester (2, 5, 8, 12, 16, 19) , die nach Entmetallieren chromatographisch getrennt werden. Ihre Strukturaufklärung gelingt mit spektroskopischen Methoden, bei 16 durch Vergleich mit einem authent. Präparat aus Protoporphyrin‐IX‐dimethylester (17) . Unter Friedel‐Crafts‐Bedingungen wird 1 nur an den peripheren Kohlenstoffatomen (C‐2 und C‐4) acetyliert, wobei je nach Reaktionsbedingungen ein oder zwei Acetyl‐Reste in das Molekül eintreten.
ADAPTIVE TIME-STEPPING FOR RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (2021)

Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) are usually used in numerous fields especially in solving the modelling problem. Numerical methods are one of the vital mathematical tools to solve the ODEs that appear in various modelling problems by determining the approximation solution close to the in exact solution if it exists. Runge-Kutta methods (RK) are the numerical methods used to integrate the ODEs by applying multistage methods at the midpoint of an interval which can efficiently produce a more accurate result or small magnitude of error. We proposed Runge-Kutta methods (RK) to solve the 1st_ order nonlinear stiff ODEs. The RK methods used in this research are known as the RK-2, RK-4, and RK-5 methods. We proved the existence and uniqueness of the ODEs before we solved it numerically. We also proved the absolute-stability of the RK methods to determine the overall stability of these methods. We found two suitable test cases which are the standard test problem and manufactured solution. We proved that by combining the adaptive step size with RK methods can result in more efficient computation. We implemented the 2nd_, 4th_ and 5th_ order of RK methods with step size adaptively algorithm to solve the test problem and manufactured solution via Octave programming language. The resulting numerical error and the stability of each method can be studied. We compared our results using several error plots versus the Central Processing Unit (CPU) time required to compute a given nonlinear 1st_ order stiff ODE problem. In a conclusion, RK methods which combine with the adaptive step size can result in more efficient computation and accuracy compare with the fixed step size RK methods.
Laser-induced rear ablation of metal thin films (2002)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) process observed experimentally and the deposited structure, especially the size accuracy. Ablated plume and shadowgraph of transferring materials were observed using image intensified CCD camera. The intensity of reflected He-Ne laser from the front and rear side of thin films, respectively, were measured using photodiode to investigate the behavior of thin film during laser pulse. Metal thin films (Au and Ni), with several tens - hundreds of nanometer in thickness deposited on quartz substrate using ion sputtering deposition method, were irradiated by KrF excimer laser (wavelength 248 nm, pulse width 30 ns). The measurement of the reflected He-ne laser shows that the film removal finishes during incident laser pulse. Ablated plume images and shadowgraphs of transferring materials show that the velocity of both the top of ablated plume and the transferring materials become faster in increase fo fluence, and that the transferring materials precede the plume. Optimum fluence exists at each film thickness to achieve high size accuracy of deposited structure. At lower fluence, the deposited structure shows bad feature due to incomplete removal from the support substrate. At higher fluence, the big shock causes the wide range of spread of deposited structure when the transferring particles have a collision with the acceptor substrate. At optimum fluence, the high size accuracy of deposited structure is achieved as the film-substrate distance is made as short as possible.
Comparison of three commercially available amplification assays, AMP CT, LCx, and COBAS AMPLICOR, for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in first-void urine (1997)

We compared the Gen-Probe transcription-mediated amplification assay (AMP CT), the Abbott LCx assay, and the Roche COBAS AMPLICOR assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in a mixed population in urine samples. First-void urine, urethral specimens, and cervical specimens in females were obtained from 1,000 patients (544 males and 456 females) visiting the outpatient sexually transmitted disease clinic of our hospital. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 7.7% as determined by tissue culture of urethral and cervical specimens. The sensitivities of LCx, COBAS AMPLICOR, and AMP CT compared to cell culture were 79, 86, and 78%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were recalculated by using a new "gold standard", i.e., a sample was considered to be true positive if two or more techniques yielded positive results. Specimens positive only by cell culture or positive in only one commercial amplification technique were retested by a previously described in-house PCR. After discordance analysis the sensitivities of LCx, COBAS AMPLICOR, and AMP CT were 84, 93, and 85%, respectively. Specificity exceeded 99% for all three assays. With each method the sensitivity was lower for urine samples from females compared to urine samples from males. By application of this new gold standard, existing differences between methods are highlighted; future evaluations of new techniques should be validated against two or more amplification assays.
Development of diagnostic expert system for environmentally assisted cracking(EXENAC) and importance evaluation of knowledge in inference. (1991)

The expert system which diagnoses the sensitivity of environmentally assisted cracking (EXENAC ; EXpert system for ENvironmentally Assisted Cracking) has been developed using the OPS83 programming language. This system is composed of three independent systems, which respectively diagnose the sensitivity of I ) stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels in a low- or high-concentration chloride solution and/or high-temperature water, II) hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steels in various aqueous solutions and gaseous environments, and III) hydrogen attack of steel in highly pressurized high-temperature hydrogen gases. The knowledge base consists of production rules, which have certainty factors to represent the uncertainty (contribution) of each rule to environmentally assisted cracking. Applying the developed expert system to the case histories the diagnoses were accurately made. We also proposed the quantitative measure to evaluate the importance of each rule in the diagnosis through the use of the developed expert system.
Song by Charles Sackville, Earl of Dorset (1932)

Journal Article Song by Charles Sackville, Earl of Dorset Get access Brice Harris Brice Harris 1Cornell University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CLXIII, Issue dec17, 17 December 1932, Page 447, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CLXIII.dec17.447c Published: 17 December 1932
Rapid prototyping or rapid production? 3D printing processes move industry towards the latter (2003)

Rapid manufacturing – defined as the direct production of finished goods from a rapid prototyping device – remains at present more a goal than reality for industry. The application of 3D printing technologies, however, promises to merge rapid prototyping capabilities with the high-volume throughput of conventional manufacturing. Proponents believe that these processes may soon lead to the tooless production of finished goods and the mass production of individually customized parts.