gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental ocular onchocerciasis in cynomolgus monkeys. (1986)

Infection of cynomolgus monkeys with microfilariae (Mf) of Onchocerca lienalis was studied as a model for human ocular onchocerciasis. Normal monkeys and immunized monkeys were given intracorneal/subconjunctival, intracameral, or intravitreal injections of Mf or bovine serum albumin (control). Selected animals were given diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) orally (15 mg/kg) daily after the ocular infection. Following intravitreal challenge, living Mf and fibrinous exudates were visible by slit-lamp in both the anterior chamber and vitreous. Eosinophils and macrophages surrounded the Mf in the vitreous, with degranulated eosinophils adherent to the Mf. Eosinophils infiltrated the uvea and surrounded the retinal vessels. After intracorneal injection of Mf, living Mf were visible by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in the cornea for 3 days, with minimal inflammation of the corneas occurring over the 7 days after injection. Intracamerally injected Mf induced anterior uveitis. The extent of the inflammatory reactions was not substantially altered by DEC treatment following intraocular injection of Mf. In vitro proliferative responses of peripheral blood leukocytes to a crude Mf antigen were not observed in infected monkeys and proliferative responses to mitogen declined in these animals. Responses to mitogen were inhibited by addition of Mf antigen in vitro in normal monkeys. Circulating IgG antibodies were present in the sensitized, intracorneally, and intravitreally challenged animals. No obvious correlations were present between IgG antibody level and ocular inflammation.
Field Evaluation of a New Gelant for Water Control in Production Wells (1988)

ABSTRACT A new chemical process for improving the performance of wells producing at high watercuts has been developed. This process is based on covalently bonding a medium molecular weight, cationic polyacrylamide with an organic crosslinking agent to form a three dimensional gel structure. Because the gel solution is hydrophilic, it is preferentially emplaced in the zones of high water saturation and high water permeability. Gelation rate is controlled by adjusting the pH of the gel solution. Once the gel structure has developed, effective water permeability is reduced with little impact on the effective oil permeability. This paper reports on the results of over 30 wells treated using the new process. Substantial decreases in water production have been realized and, in some cases, significant amounts of incremental oil recovered. The evaluation of these treatments helps demonstrate the working mechanisms of the gelant and the optimum field application of the process.
Distribution of hydrocarbons in bovine tissues (1979)

Liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose (perirenal and subcutaneous) tissues were collected from six animals for analysis of their hydrocarbon composition. Qualitative and quantitative determinations were carried out by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although differing in the proportions, a homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12 to n-C31 was found in all the samples examined. The isoprenoid hydrocarbons phytane and phytene (phy-1-ene and phyt-2-ene) were also identified.
Distributed architecture for production planning and control in discrete manufacturing (2003)

The production management (PM) problems to be solved in a discrete manufacturing plant of large dimension are analyzed. Two separated approaches are discussed: the plant manager approach and the systems integrator approach. In the former, one states the PM objectives to be optimized; using the latter, one must suggest the mathematical formalizations of PM problems and the methods to solve them. A hierarchical decentralized architecture is outlined in which methods of integrating decision modules implementing PM problem-solution strategies are suggested. The practical problems concerning the total integration are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Excitation system protective limiters and their effect on volt/VAr control-design, computer modeling, and field testing (2000)

The action of excitation system protective limiters and VAr regulation are often not taken into account in planning studies, and actual units may be quite different than simulations. This may lead to incorrect predictions of actual stability limitations, or even voltage collapse phenomena. The design of the excitation system protective limiters such as over excitation limiters (OEL), under excitation limiters (UEL) and volts/hertz (V/Hz) is explained, and models presented. For system events where these controls and limiters may become active, modeling in transient stability studies is important to correctly predict volt/VAr performance. Specific models applicable to the GE EX2000 digital-based control systems are shown for reference, although the general concepts discussed here are applicable to any other excitation equipment. An important aspect of the new digital-based excitation controls is that they allow for more intelligent limiter functions and protective features not convenient with older equipment. Test procedures and results are shown to illustrate the limiter performance.
Handbook of double containment piping systems (1995)

Handbook of double containment piping systems , Handbook of double containment piping systems , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Modeling, design and fabrication of ultra-thin and low CTE organic interposers at 40µm I/O pitch (2015)

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the fundamental factors that impact the scalability of organic interposers to 40μm area array bump pitch, leading to the design and fabrication of ultra-thin and low CTE organic interposers at 40μm pitch. Silicon interposers were the first substrates used for 2.5D integration of logic and memory ICs at close proximity. However, the high cost and electrical loss of wafer back end of line (BEOL) silicon interposers has fueled the need for fine-pitch organic interposers. Organic substrates face two primary challenges in achieving finer I/O pitch: layer-to-layer mis-registration during copper-polymer re-distribution layer (RDL) fabrication due to the thermo-mechanical stability issue of organic laminate cores, and warpage during chip assembly on thin core substrates. This paper studies these two fundamental factors by finite element modeling (FEM) and experimental characterization, resulting in RDL design guidelines for low mis-registration and warpage. Reducing the copper thickness in each layer as well as the thickness of the polymer dielectric to below 10μm, resulted in significant reduction in CTE mismatch-induced stresses at different interfaces. The modeling-based design was verified by fabrication of a multi-layer RDL stack on 100μm thin low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) organic cores with ultra-thin build-up layers to achieve a bump pitch of 40μm. The assembly of chips on the thin organic interposer was optimized to minimize the warpage, leading to the demonstration of two-chip 2.5D organic interposers.
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF COLONIC CANCER (1936)

The individual in whom a malignant condition of the colon develops reports his symptoms to his attending physician after the period of time required for them to ascend to his particular threshold of stimulation. As a rule, further waiting ensues during which the physican determines by such means as are available to him whether the condition is sufficiently serious to require hospitalization, more elaborate diagnostic study, and the possibility of surgical intervention. Unquestionably, the most common expedient applied is the test of time; i. e., do the patient's disease tokens continue or increase during the period of observation? Because of geographic distances, economic considerations and sectional loyalties, the majority of these individuals eventually find their way not to some great diagnostic center but to one of the thousands of general hospitals of this country, where their management is undertaken, as a rule, by some member of the surgical staff. The
Radar target imaging by rotation about two axes (1978)

Analysis of the output of a coherent radar observing a model target rotated about two axes yields a 2-dimensional image of the target in the cross-range plane. A simple visualisation of the process is presented, and the basic relationships governing the performance are derived. It is shown that a variety of nonimaging functions may also be provided for use in special situations.
Exploiting Constraints as Background Knowledge for Genetic Algorithms: A Case-Study for Scheduling. (1992)

In this paper, we propose a general methodology for handling constraints in genetic algorithms (GAs). Our algorithm finds promising states in the search space of constrained optimization problems. Once these states are found, a more thorough process can explore the regions around them. We show how constraint programming techniques can be used to augment a genetic algorithm with domain specific knowledge. The constraints allow the GA to take into account the epistatic linkages in the problem. The constraints are exploited during the generation of the initial population, during the application of the genetic operators and during the calculation of the fitness value. We illustrate our approach within the context of job shop scheduling. Keywords: constraint satisfaction, epistatic problems, genetic algorithms, optimization, problem solving, (re)scheduling, state-space search. 1. INTRODUCTION This paper describes an algorithm which finds promising states in a search space for constrained o...
The Porter stemming algorithm: then and now (2006)

Purpose – In 1980, Porter presented a simple algorithm for stemming English language words. This paper summarises the main features of the algorithm, and highlights its role not just in modern information retrieval research, but also in a range of related subject domains.
Pandemic Influenza (2004)

Given the limited supply and the previously demonstrated inability of the manufacturing sector to meet surging needs, an effective antiviral response could not currently be launched in the United States. Antiviral agents could be important in managing and treating pandemic influenza and reduce lower respiratory complications and hospitalizations.
π‐Prismands – Flexible Hosts for Metal Ions (2006)

Abstract The π‐prismands dealt with in this paper are: 1,8‐diazabicyclo[6.6.6]eicosa‐4,11,17‐triyne ( 6 ), 1,8‐diazabicyclo[6.6.5]nonadeca‐4,11‐diyne ( 7 ), 1,8‐diazabicyclo[6.6.6]eicosa‐4,11‐diyne ( 8 ), 1,10‐diazabicyclo[8.6.6]docosa‐5,13,19‐triyne ( 9 ), 17‐(1,4)benzena‐1,8‐diazabicyclo[6.6.5]nonadecaphane‐4,11‐diyne ( 10 ), 11,16‐(1,4)dibenzena‐1,8‐diazabicyclo[6.5.5]octadecaphane‐4‐yne ( 11 ) and 4,10,15‐(1,4)tribenzena‐1,7‐diazabicyclo[5.5.5]heptadecaphane ( 12 ). The synthesis of 9 is reported. The molecular parameters obtained from X‐ray investigations on single crystals of 6 – 9 as well as of 10 – 12 are compared with each other. Also discussed are the structures of the monoprotonated forms of 6 and 12 . The π‐prismands 6 – 12 form stable complexes with Ag + and Cu + . The crystal structures of the metal complexes as well as their spectroscopic properties are reported. Both reveal that the metal center interacts with the nitrogen atoms and the π‐systems of the bridges.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Superior Photoprotective Motifs and Mechanisms in Eumelanins Uncovered (2014)

Human pigmentation is a complex phenomenon commonly believed to serve a photoprotective function through the generation and strategic localization of black insoluble eumelanin biopolymers in sun exposed areas of the body. Despite compelling biomedical relevance to skin cancer and melanoma, eumelanin photoprotection is still an enigma: What makes this pigment so efficient in dissipating the excess energy brought by harmful UV-light as heat? Why has Nature selected 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) as the major building block of the pigment instead of the decarboxylated derivative (DHI)? By using pico- and femtosecond fluorescence spectroscopy we demonstrate herein that the excited state deactivation in DHICA oligomers is 3 orders of magnitude faster compared to DHI oligomers. This drastic effect is attributed to their specific structural patterns enabling multiple pathways of intra- and interunit proton transfer. The discovery that DHICA-based scaffolds specifically confer uniquely robust photoprotective properties to natural eumelanins settles a fundamental gap in the biology of human pigmentation and opens the doorway to attractive advances and applications.
A MAC/PHY cross-layer design for efficient ARQ protocols (2008)

In many wireless data systems, automatic repeat request (ARQ) and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) work independently. In this paper, we introduce a new ARQ feedback scheme called Cross-Layer ARQ (CL-ARQ), where ARQ closely interoperates with HARQ by making use of the acknowledgement of HARQ internally. By doing so, CL-ARQ not only removes the overhead for ARQ acknowledgement messages, but also improves the average delivery delay and TCP throughput. Especially, when the entities in charge of HARQ and ARQ are located far apart geographically, CL-ARQ remarkably outperforms the legacy scheme.
High‐Purity Hydrogen Generation in a Microfabricated 23 wt % Ag–Pd Membrane Device Integrated with 8:1 LaNi<sub>0.95</sub>Co<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst (2006)

Micromembranes integrating nanometer-scale Pd films (see figure) with complex oxide methanol-reforming catalysts demonstrate high-purity hydrogen generation. Washcoating of an 8:1 LaNi0.95Co0.05O3/Al2O3 catalyst serves the dual purposes of preventing thin-film disintegration upon direct exposure to methanol while providing improved selectivity and conversion of methanol to hydrogen through partial oxidation.
Adhesive properties of carcinoembryonic antigen glycoforms expressed in glycosylation-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. (2002)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofoetal cell surface glycoprotein that serves as an important tumour marker for colorectal and some other carcinomas. Its immunoglobulin-like structure places CEA within the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEA functions in several biological roles including homotypic and heterotypic (with other CEA family members) cell adhesion. Cell-cell interaction can be modulated by different factors, e.g., post-translational modifications such as glycosylation. The purpose of this study was to examine whether changes in carbohydrate composition of CEA oligosaccharides can influence homotypic (CEA-CEA) interactions. In order to modulate glycosylation of CEA we used two different glycosylation mutants of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, Lec2 and Lec8. Lec2 cells should produce CEA with nonsialylated N-glycans, while Lec8 cells should yield more truncated sugar structures than Lec2. Parental CHO (Pro5) cells and the glycosylation deficient mutants were stably transfected with CEA cDNA. All three CEA glycoforms, tested in a solid-phase cell adhesion assay, showed an ability to mediate CEA-dependent cell adhesion, and no qualitative differences in the adhesion between the glycoforms were observed. Thus, it may be assumed that carbohydrates do not play a role in homotypic adhesion, and the interactions between CEA molecules depend solely on the polypeptide structure.
Thermophysical properties of CTBN and HTPB liquid rubber modified epoxy blends (2010)

Abstract Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of carboxyl‐terminated copolymer of polybutadiene and acrylonitrile (CTBN) and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) liquid rubber‐ modified epoxy blends were investigated. A good agreement was observed between the calculated values of the specific heat estimated from thermal conductivity, diffusivity, and density measurements and the DSC results. Measurements of the thermal conductivity values of HTPB/Epoxy blends were in good agreement with three simple theoretical models, which have been used thereafter for the estimation of the unknown value of the thermal conductivity of CTBN ( k CTBN = 0.24 Wm −1 K −1 ). The morphology of the rubber‐modified epoxy blends has been quantified and indicate a tendency towards co‐continuous phase upon the inclusion of higher weight percentage of rubber (≥30 wt %). Moreover, we notice a significant enhancement of the thermal conductivity during this morphological shift. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Zfp60, a mouse zinc finger gene expressed transiently during in vitro muscle differentiation (1996)

The complete cDNA coding sequence of the zinc finger gene Zfp60 is reported. The predicted amino acid sequence of the Zfp60 protein has been found to contain 19 zinc finger motives clustered at the C-terminus. At its N-terminus, Zfp60 shares with other members of the zinc finger gene family two additional conserved amino acid modules named Kruppel Associated Boxes (KRAB). The expression patterns of Zfp60, MyoD and MHC mRNAs have been followed during in vitro myogenic differentiation of C2 cells. We show that the bacterial produced Zfp60 protein binds DNA only in presence of zinc ions. Zfp60 locus has been mapped in chromosome 7, where other Zfp loci are localised.
Purification and Characterization of Four β-Expansins (Zea m 1 Isoforms) from Maize Pollen  (2003)

Four proteins with wall extension activity on grass cell walls were purified from maize (Zea mays) pollen by conventional column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Each is a basic glycoprotein (isoelectric point = 9.1-9.5) of approximately 28 kD and was identified by immunoblot analysis as an isoform of Zea m 1, the major group 1 allergen of maize pollen and member of the beta-expansin family. Four distinctive cDNAs for Zea m 1 were identified by cDNA library screening and by GenBank analysis. One pair (GenBank accession nos. AY104999 and AY104125) was much closer in sequence to well-characterized allergens such as Lol p 1 and Phl p 1 from ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Phleum pretense, whereas a second pair was much more divergent. The N-terminal sequence and mass spectrometry fingerprint of the most abundant isoform (Zea m 1d) matched that predicted for AY197353, whereas N-terminal sequences of the other isoforms matched or nearly matched AY104999 and AY104125. Highly purified Zea m 1d induced extension of a variety of grass walls but not dicot walls. Wall extension activity of Zea m 1d was biphasic with respect to protein concentration, had a broad pH optimum between 5 and 6, required more than 50 micro g mL(-1) for high activity, and led to cell wall breakage after only approximately 10% extension. These characteristics differ from those of alpha-expansins. Some of the distinctive properties of Zea m 1 may not be typical of beta-expansins as a class but may relate to the specialized function of this beta-expansin in pollen function.
Absorption of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid by isolated sheep ruminal and omasal epithelia. (2000)

Alimet (Novus Inter., Inc., St. Louis, MO) feed supplement (an 88% aqueous solution of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid; HMB) is a source of L-Met commonly used in nonruminants and ruminants. The absorption of HMB across ovine omasal and ruminal epithelia was evaluated in this study. Ruminal and omasal epithelia were collected from eight lambs (BW = 67.6 kg +/- 9.1) and mounted in parabiotic chambers that were repeatedly sampled throughout a 60-min incubation. The appearance of HMB (using DL-[5-14C]-HMB as a radiolabeled marker) in serosal buffers increased quadratically (P < .004) with time in both tissues. More (P < .001) HMB appeared in the serosal buffers with omasal than with ruminal epithelia. Both tissues responded similarly, and, after 60 min of incubation, the accumulation of HMB within the tissues increased linearly (P < .001) as substrate concentration (.375, .75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 mM) increased in mucosal buffers. As the concentration of HMB in the mucosal buffers increased, there was a quadratic (P < .001) increase in the appearance of HMB in the serosal buffer of the omasal epithelium, indicating some saturation of the system. The increase in serosal appearance of HMB was linear (P < .001) with ruminal tissue. The results indicate that there are probably multiple mechanisms involved in the absorption of HMB. Because saturation was observed in the omasum, it is likely that mediated transport accounts for at least a portion of the absorption of HMB in the omasum. Other mechanisms (e.g., diffusion and(or) paracellular absorption) are responsible for the balance of the absorption. Omasal epithelium appears to have a greater capacity for HMB absorption than ruminal epithelium. The enzymes involved in the conversion of HMB to 2-keto-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid were found in ruminal and omasal epithelia, liver and kidney. These results indicate that HMB can be absorbed across ruminal and omasal epithelium and that HMB can be used as a source of L-methionine.
Pharmacokinetics of selected chiral flavonoids: hesperetin, naringenin and eriodictyol in rats and their content in fruit juices (2007)

The majority of pharmacokinetic studies of individual flavonoids or after ingestion of foodstuffs have overlooked the chirality of some of these xenobiotics. In order to characterize for the first time the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of three flavonoids, hesperetin, naringenin and eriodictyol were intravenously administered (20 mg/kg) to male Sprague-Dawley rats, and their stereospecific content was assessed in various fruit juices. Concentrations in serum, urine and fruit juices were characterized via HPLC and verified by LC/MS. Short half-lives (3-7 h) in serum were observed, while a better estimation of half-life (12-48 h) and the other pharmacokinetic parameters was observed using urinary data. The three flavonoids are predominantly excreted via non-renal routes (fe values of 3-7%), and undergo rapid and extensive phase II metabolism. The (2S)-epimers of the flavonoid glycosides and the S(-)-enantiomers of the aglycones were predominant and in some instances the organic fruit juices had higher concentrations than the conventional fruit juices. This study reports for the first time the stereospecific pharmacokinetics of three chiral flavonoids and their stereospecific content in fruit juices. It also reports for the first time the stereospecific pharmacokinetics of flavonoids employing urine as a more reliable biological matrix.