gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Kalman Filter and Neural Network Methodologies in Gas Turbine Performance Diagnostics: A Comparative Study (2003)

The goal of gas turbine performance diagnositcs is to accurately detect, isolate, and assess the changes in engine module performance, engine system malfunctions and instrumentation problems from knowledge of measured parameters taken along the engine’s gas path. The method has been applied to a wide variety of commercial and military engines in the three decades since its inception as a diagnostic tool and has enjoyed a reasonable degree of success. During that time many methodologies and implementations of the basic concept have been investigated ranging from the statistically based methods to those employing elements from the field of artificial intelligence. The two most publicized methods involve the use of either Kalman filters or artificial neural networks (ANN) as the primary vehicle for the fault isolation process. The present paper makes a comparison of these two techniques.
Interrelationship of active and latent secreted human cathepsin B precursors (1986)

Two high-Mr forms of cathepsin B have been described previously, both of which are stable at alkaline pH, in contrast with the lysosomal proteinase. One form is latent and activated by pepsin treatment; the other form is active as measured with synthetic substrates. In the present study it was shown that the two forms are indistinguishable on the basis of molecular size as determined by gel-filtration chromatography or sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting. Both forms lose their alkali-stability upon exposure to Hg2+, and after Hg2+ treatment the latent form becomes immuneprecipitable by an antiserum that reacts only with denatured cathepsin B. Lysosomal cathepsin B is bound by the plasma proteinase inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin, a process that requires proteolytic cleavage of the inhibitor. In contrast, the stable active form of cathepsin B is not bound by this inhibitor unless this enzyme is first destabilized by Hg2+ treatment. These results indicate that cathepsin B exists in three different states of activity, completely latent, partially active and fully proteolytically active. To exhibit true endopeptidase activity it seems that the enzyme must be in an alkali-unstable form.
Adsorption of fatty acid sodium salts on ion exchange resins (1986)

In recent years many adsorbents have been investigated for the purpose of use for treatment of wastewaters? Adsorption on ion exchange resins provides a technique for purification of municipal and industrial wastewaters?-4 In the present investigation, the adsorption equilibrium of fatty acid sodium salts with various carbon numbers onto ion exchange resins (IRA94 and IRA68) was studied in aqueous solution to obtain precise information about the treatment of wastewaters containing detergents (see Table
Understanding Orthostatic Intolerance and Exercise Programming for the Health and Fitness Practitioner (2020)

The purpose of this manuscript is to briefly review Orthostatic Intolerance (OI) and discuss proper exercise programming and progression guidelines for working with those affected by OI; a disorder associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction, characterized by a difficulty standing upright. In order to do this, we performed a review of the published literature using google scholar and PubMed search engines. Evidence indicated that a light to moderate intensity aerobic exercise program would aid in improving orthostatic tolerance. Previous studies have indicated that progressive resistance training aids in mechanisms that are dysfunctional in OI such as blood volume increases and a decrease in baroreceptor responses. Preparticipation physical exams and initial value assessments are an integral part of the OI exercise prescription as many individuals will have unhealthy vital capacities due to OI symptomology and accompanying deconditioning. Many Individuals with OI have responded positively to aerobic and resistance training. Using informed judgment when prescribing exercise and careful progression of frequency, intensity, and duration should be considered.
Evaluation of phase-shifting approaches for a point-diffraction interferometer with the mutual coherence function (2002)

The estimation accuracy of a point-diffraction interferometer is examined with two phase-shifting schemes: spatial and temporal. Under the assumption of plane- or spherical-wave propagation through isotropic turbulence that can be accurately represented as a series of thin phase screens, results that are valid for any scintillation regime are obtained by use of the invariance with a propagation of the mutual coherence function. It is established that the estimation accuracy of the spatial phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometer is invariant with scintillation. Upper and lower bounds on the perfor mance of the temporal phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometer are developed. Wave optical simulation results are presented that validate the analytic predictions for the two phase-shifting schemes. The results and techniques presented can be used to assess the appropriate phase-shifting scheme given finite resources, such as a limited number of pixels in a detector array or a restricted detector frame rate.
Multichannel Verification System (MVS): A Dual-Dye Ratiometric Photometry System for Performance Verification of Multichannel Liquid Delivery Devices (2005)

Artel has developed the Multichannel Verification System (MVS), a photometric method for verifying the performance of automated multichannel liquid delivery equipment. 1 On the basis of Artel's patented Dual-Dye Ratiometric Photometry method, the MVS determines both the accuracy and precision of each individual channel of a multichannel liquid delivery device. The MVS verifies aqueous volumes of 2–200 μL, produces results that are traceable to national standards, and can be applied to a wide range of instruments. It is important that the MVS is a robust system that is convenient to use in the laboratory environment so that the volumetric performance of automated liquid-handling equipment can be verified frequently without causing unnecessary delay in use of the instruments for their intended applications.
Design of one-transistor SRAM cell for low power consumption (2016)

In this work one-transistor static random access memory cell (SRAM) to reduce power consumption using tunnel diode as basic latching circuit element is designed and simulated. The SRAM cell consists of a transistor (nMOSFET) having effective gate length of 18nm and a pair of Si-Ge Tunnel diode having current peak to valley current ratio (PVR) of value 1.67 each. The bistability of the back-to-back series connected tunnel diode pair is used to hold the states of the designed SRAM cell and the pass transistor is used to control the switching of the tunnel diode. The changing in the state of the designed SRAM is observed by the variation of drain current (ID) of the transistor. This SRAM cell highly reduces the power dissipation compared to conventional SRAM cell and other SRAM cell structures.
Some oxidation reactions of monochloramine (1971)

Certain primary aromatic amines treated with monochloramine under mild conditions gave the corresponding azobenzenes, often as both cis- and trans-isomers. Alcohols were oxidised to the respective carbonyl compounds in high yield.
Anomalous heat transport by the piston effect in supercritical fluids under zero gravity (1990)

The response to a boundary heating of a very compressible, low-diffusivity, supercritical fluid (${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$) under zero-gravity is studied by solving numerically the full non-linear one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Both short (acoustic) and long (diffusion) time scales are investigated. A new mechanism of heat transport is seen, where the thermal energy is transformed into kinetic energy in a hot expanding boundary layer (the piston), which in turn is transformed in the bulk into internal energy. Steeply profiled waves are observed. In contrast to the ``critical slowing down'' behavior, the enhancement of heat transport is so important that it is nearly completed after 1% of the diffusion time.
Decentralized and autonomous content overlay networking (DACON) with WiFi access points (2010)

Accessing contents from mobile devices becomes more and more proliferated and hence the need for the content distribution in the pervasive environment is growing. However, distributing contents in such environments taxes wireless network operators substantially. To provide the content distribution service in a reasonable cost, we pay attention to user-deployable WiFi access points (APs). In this paper, we propose a decentralized and autonomous content overlay networking (DACON) architecture for the pervasive content distribution services, which is the overlay network architecture comprised of public WiFi APs. We identify and answer major challenges in realizing the content distribution service in the pervasive environment by exploiting the overlay network of public WiFi APs.
Realistic Animation of Fluid with Splash and Foam (2003)

Abstract In this paper we describe a method for modeling and rendering dynamic behavior of fluids withsplashes and foam. A particle system is built into a fluid simulation system to represent an ocean wavecresting and spraying over another object. We use the Cubic Interpolated Propagation (CIP) method asthe fluid solver. The CIP method can solve liquid and gas together in the framework of fluid dynamicsand has high accuracy in the case of relatively coarse grids. This enables us to simulate the fluids in ashort time and describe the motion of splashes in the air that is associated with the liquid motion well.The foam floating on the water also can be described using the particle system. We integrate the rigidbody simulation with the fluid and particle system to create sophisticated scenes including splashes andfoam. We construct state change rules that are used with the particle system. This controls the generation,vanishing and transition rule of splashes and foam. The transition rule makes the seamless connection betweena splash and foam. We employed a fast volume rendering method with scattering effect for particles.One of the important features of our method is the combination of fast simulation and rendering techniques,which provides dynamic and realistic scenes in a short time.
Coherent Φ-OTDR based on polarization-diversity integrated coherent receiver and heterodyne detection (2017)

We demonstrate a novel distributed optical fiber sensor system based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR). Both the phase and the amplitude of the Rayleigh scattering (RS) light can be demodulated based on I/Q demodulation and heterodyne detection using commercial available 100G integrated coherent receiver (ICR). The polarization fading problem in Φ -OTDR can be avoided by considering the RS signal from both polarizations. The dynamic strain sensing with a sensing range of 9.8 km and a spatial resolution of 15 m is experimentally demonstrated.
On the Nature of Reparable and Non-reparable Lethal Damage in<i>E. Coli</i>and Bacteriophage Induced by the Photodynamic Action of Acridine Orange (1970)

SummaryWe studied the lethal photodynamic effect of AO on 10 strains of E. coli of the groups B and K12, differing in their ability to repair lesions caused by u.v. and ionizing radiation. The strains vary in their sensitivity to the photodynamic action of AO. These differences are at variance with the ability of the bacteria to repair their radiation damage.The experiments on extracellular phages of E. coli revealed no multiplicity-, u.v.-, v- and x-gene reactivations after the photodynamic action of AO. In phage T3, repair by the host cell was observed in bacterial strains capable of repairing u.v.-irradiated phage (hcr+); this did not occur in phage T7.In bacteria and DNA of phages T2, T4 and T7, AO-induced lesions differ in their nature from damage caused by u.v.-light. On the other hand, in DNA of phage T3, higher doses of visible light induced damage which could be partly repaired by bacterial enzymes of the excision repair system.
Distinctive finite size effects on the phase diagram and metal–insulator transitions of tungsten-doped vanadium(iv) oxide (2011)

The influence of finite size in altering the phase stabilities of strongly correlated materials gives rise to the interesting prospect of achieving additional tunability of solid–solid phase transitions such as those involved in metal–insulator switching, ferroelectricity, and superconductivity. We note here some distinctive finite size effects on the relative phase stabilities of insulating (monoclinic) and metallic (tetragonal) phases of solid-solution WxV1−xO2. Ensemble differential scanning calorimetry and individual nanobelt electrical transport measurements suggest a pronounced hysteresis between metal → insulator and insulator → metal phase transformations. Both transitions are depressed to lower critical temperatures upon the incorporation of substitutional tungsten dopants but the impact on the former transition seems far more prominent. In general, the depression in the critical temperatures upon tungsten doping far exceeds corresponding values for bulk WxV1−xO2 of the same composition. Notably, the depression in phase transition temperature saturates at a relatively low dopant concentration in the nanobelts, thought to be associated with the specific sites occupied by the tungsten substitutional dopants in these structures. The marked deviations from bulk behavior are rationalized in terms of a percolative model of the phase transition taking into account the nucleation of locally tetragonal domains and enhanced carrier delocalization that accompany W6+ doping in the WxV1−xO2 nanobelts.
Conditions of high grade metamorphism in the Dalradian of Connemara, Ireland (1985)

In E Connemara, Ireland, Dalradian metasediments were initially metamorphosed to kyanite-staurolite grade at pressures above 7kbar. The subsequent emplacement of basic to intermediate magmas, accompanied by uplift and erosion, produce a steepening of the geothermal gradient and led to the formation of migmatitic garnet–cordierite–sillimanite-gneisses in the highest grade regions in the S. Cation exchange equilibria between coexisting mineral pairs suggest that partial melting took place under high temperatures (≃ 750°C) and moderate pressures (4.5–6 kbar). Fluid inclusion studies and andalusite occurrences from migmatite leucosomes suggest that crystallization of the melts occurred at lower pressures (<3.5 kbar) than melting, implying that uplift and erosion occurred while the rocks were hot.
Design of a mixed-signal Cartesian Feedback loop for a low power zero-IF WCDMA transmitter (2012)

In this paper, an improved digital-stage design of a mixed-signal Cartesian Feedback loop for a zero-IF WCDMA transmitter is presented. The transmitter architecture consists of an analog stage including filters, I/Q modulator, feedback I/Q demodulator and a digital stage which adjusts the phase misalignment around the loop. We propose an optimized CORDIC design for the digital part in order to improve the system operating frequency without increasing the silicon surface area. ASIC synthesis proves that using a not fully pipelined CORDIC architecture allows us to reach 230 MHz with system power consumption under 4.3 mw which is two times less than a fully analog system.
Doxorubicin Activates ATM-dependent Phosphorylation of Multiple Downstream Targets in Part through the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (2004)

The requirement for the serine/threonine protein kinase ATM in coordinating the cellular response to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation has been studied extensively. Many of the anti-tumor chemotherapeutics in clinical use today cause DNA double strand breaks; however, few have been evaluated for their ability to modulate ATM-mediated pathways. We have investigated the requirement for ATM in the cellular response to doxorubicin, a topoisomerase II-stabilizing drug. Using several ATM-proficient and ATM-deficient cell lines, we have observed ATM-dependent nuclear accumulation of p53 and ATM-dependent phosphorylation of p53 on seven serine residues. This was accompanied by an increased binding of p53 to its cognate binding site, suggesting transcriptional competency of p53 to activate its downstream effectors. Treatment of cells with doxorubicin led to the phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 with dependence on ATM for the initial response. Doxorubicin treatment also stimulated ATM autophosphorylation on serine 1981 and the ATM-dependent phosphorylation of numerous effectors in the ATM-signaling pathway, including Nbs1 (Ser(343)), SMC1 (Ser(957)), Chk1 (Ser(317) and Ser(345)), and Chk2 (Ser(33/35) and Thr(68)). Although generally classified as a topoisomerase II-stabilizing drug that induces DNA double strand breaks, doxorubicin can intercalate DNA and generate reactive oxygen species. Pretreatment of cells with the superoxide scavenger ascorbic acid had no effect on the doxorubicin-induced phosphorylation and accumulation of p53. In contrast, preincubation of cells with the hydroxyl radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine, significantly attenuated the doxorubicin-mediated phosphorylation and accumulation of p53, p53-DNA binding, and the phosphorylation of H2AX, Nbs1, SMC1, Chk1, and Chk2, suggesting that hydroxyl radicals contribute to the doxorubicin-induced activation of ATM-dependent pathways.
Homogeneous Bioluminescence Competitive Binding Assay for Folate Based on a Coupled Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase−Bacterial Luciferase Enzyme System (1996)

A homogeneous bioluminescence competitive binding assay for folate was developed by using a coupled enzyme system of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bacterial luciferase. A highly substituted G6PDH-folate conjugate was prepared by employing an N-hydroxysuccinimide/carbodiimide method. Folate binding protein inhibits the activity of the conjugate. In the presence of folate, there is a competition between folate and the G6PDH-folate conjugate for the binding site of the folate binding protein, and the activity of the conjugate is recovered. Thus, the concentration of folate can be related to the activity of the G6PDH-folate conjugate, which is directly related to the bioluminescence produced by the coupled enzyme reaction. Using this assay, dose-response curves with a detection limit of 2.5 x 10(-8) M folate were obtained, which is an improvement of an order of magnitude with respect to an assay that monitors G6PDH activity spectrophotometrically. The assay was validated using vitamin tablets and a cell culture medium.
27. The planar configuration of quadricovalent compounds of bivalent copper and nickel (1936)

E. G. Cox, E. Sharratt, W. Wardlaw and K. C. Webster, J. Chem. Soc., 1936, 129 DOI: 10.1039/JR9360000129
A Very Low-Complexity 0.3–4.4 GHz 0.004 mm$ ^{2}$ All-Digital Ultra-Wide-Band Pulsed Transmitter for Energy Detection Receivers (2012)

This paper presents a very low-complexity all-digital IR-UWB transmitter that can generate pulses in the band 0-5 GHz, requiring a silicon area lower than a PAD for signal I/O. The transmitter, suited to non-standardized low data rate applications, is prototyped in a 130 nm RFCMOS technology and includes analog control signals for frequency and bandwidth tuning. Center frequency is linearly selected with voltage supply, 0.5 V for the range 0-960 MHz and 1.1 V supply for the higher 3.1-5 GHz range. The architecture is based on the same delay cell for both baseband and radio frequency signal generation and pulses fractional bandwidth remains constant when voltage supply and control voltages scale. At 420 MHz center frequency, the transmitter achieves 7 pJ/pulse, and for 4 GHz center frequency pulses, it achieves 32 pJ/pulse active energy consumption. The OOK/S-OOK transmitter occupies an area of 0.004 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . For ASK modulation, the system includes a separate on-chip capacitor bank connected to the output of the transmitter for an overall size of 0.024 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . For pulse rates below 100 kpps, the generated pulses meet the FCC indoor mask with an off-chip DC block capacitor. The paper also presents over-the-air measurements using a planar monopole antenna operating in the 1.5-3.7 GHz frequency range.
<i>NOZZLE</i> regulates proximal-distal pattern formation, cell proliferation and early sporogenesis during ovule development in <i>Arabidopsis</i> thaliana (2000)

With the characterisation of the NOZZLE gene we aim at a better understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanism underlying pattern formation and growth control during floral organogenesis. Our data indicate that NOZZLE links these processes during ovule development. In the ovule primordium NOZZLE plays a central role in the formation of the nucellus through antagonizing the activities of BELL, AINTEGUMENTA and INNER NO OUTER, all encoding putative transcription factors, in the prospective nucellar region. We provide evidence that NOZZLE and BELL are chalaza identity genes that share overlapping functions in establishing the prospective chalaza of the ovule. In addition, NOZZLE plays a role in controlling the cell number and by this means the length of the funiculus, again through antagonizing AINTEGUMENTA and INNER NO OUTER function. NOZZLE is also required for the development of the integuments. We show that during the initial phase of this process NOZZLE is transcriptionally regulated by AINTEGUMENTA and INNER NO OUTER. NOZZLE thus represents a downstream target of these two genes in the integument development pathway.
Efficient Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a Novel FAD-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase from Aspergillus terreus in Pichia pastoris (2014)

Flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) can utilize a variety of external electron acceptors and also has stricter substrate specificity than any other glucose oxidoreductases, which makes it the ideal diagnostic enzyme in the field of glucose biosensors. A gene coding for a hypothetical protein, similar to glucose oxidase and derived from Aspergillus terreus NIH2624, was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 under the control of an AOX1 promoter with a level of 260,000 U/l in the culture supernatant after fed-batch cultivation for 84 h. After a three-step purification protocol that included isopropanol precipitation, affinity chromatography, and a second isopropanol precipitation, recombinant FAD-GDH was purified with a recovery of 65%. This is the first time that isopropanol precipitation has been used to concentrate a fermentation supernatant and exchange buffers after affinity chromatography purification. The purified FAD-GDH exhibited a broad and diffuse band between 83 and 150 kDa. The recombinant FAD-GDH was stable across a wide pH range (3.5 to 9.0) with maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 55°C. In addition, it displayed very high thermal stability, with a half-life of 82 min at 60°C. These characteristics indicate that FAD-GDH will be useful in the field of glucose biosensors.