gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overhang Test Structure Deposition Profiles of Pulsed Plasma Fluorocarbon Films from Hexafluoropropylene Oxide, 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluorethane, and Difluoromethane (2000)

Films from pulsed plasmas of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4), and difluoromethane (CH2F2) were deposited onto overhang test structures to investigate the different film formation mechanisms. Four growth mechanisms were considered: direct or ion-induced deposition, low-pressure CVD (LPCVD) from neutral species, redeposition, and sputtering. All of the films investigated were dominated by direct or ion-induced deposition, but the role of the other mechanisms varied with both pulse conditions and precursor choice. Growth from continuous plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) from HFPO showed significant sputtering but little LPCVD or redeposition. The opposite behavior resulted from pulsed HFPO plasma films, which showed considerable contributions from LPCVD and redeposition growth, but no obvious sputtering. As with the pulsed HFPO films, 10/100 pulsed plasma films from C2H2F4 and CH2F2 also exhibit LPCVD and redeposition growth, but little sputtering. However, redeposition was found to play a smaller role in the HFPO system than that of the other two precursors. The similarity of the C2H2F4 and CH2F2 film profiles can be attributed to their similar pulsed plasma chemistries, whereas the non-hydrofluorocarbon HFPO has a significantly different pulsed plasma chemistry, and therefore a different profile. In all cases, systematic trends in the film growth profiles were observed with the dimension of the opening separating the two cantilevers of the test structure. Tensile stress on the order of 1.3 GPa was observed for the continuous HFPO film, whereas compressive stresses of –1.2 and –1.8 GPa were seen in the C2H2F4 and CH2F2 films, respectively.
Maximum-likelihood modulation classification for PSK/QAM (2003)

This paper addresses automatic modulation classification for PSK and QAM signals under coherent and noncoherent conditions. In particular, the paper extends previous results by treating the classification of higher-state QAM signals. A maximum-likelihood algorithm is presented for coherent classification of PSK and QAM signals. We evaluate the algorithms performance for various PSK and QAM modulation types including 64-state QAM and then compare it with a psuedo maximum-likelihood noncoherent classification technique in terms of the error rate, false alarm rate, and computational complexity. The application of these results to the design and performance of an automatic signal recognizer is discussed throughout the paper.
Artificial Noise Revisited (2015)

The artificial noise (AN) scheme, proposed by Goel and Negi, is being considered as one of the key enabling technology for secure communications over multiple-output multiple-input wiretap channels. However, the decrease in secrecy rate due to the increase in the number of Eve's antennas is not well understood. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework to characterize the secrecy rate of the AN scheme as a function of Eve's SNR, Bob's SNR, the number of antennas in each terminal, and the power allocation scheme. We first derive a closed-form expression for the average secrecy rate. We then derive a closed-form expression for the asymptotic instantaneous secrecy rate with large number of antennas at all terminals. Finally, we derive simple lower and upper bounds on the average/instantaneous secrecy rate that provide a tool for the system design.
Accumulation of human apolipoprotein E in the plasma of transgenic mice. (1990)

Three separate lines of transgenic mice were created with integrated copies of an 11.1-kilobase pair human DNA fragment containing the apolipoprotein (apo) E gene. The endogenous mouse apoE gene is primarily expressed in the liver with varying levels of expression in other tissues. However, in all three transgenic lines high levels of human apoE mRNA were detected only in the kidney, with lower levels found in the liver and other tissues; despite this profile of human apoE mRNA, human apoE was found in the plasma of the transgenic mice at levels comparable to those found in human plasma. All of the human apoE in the plasma of the transgenic mice was associated with lipoproteins. These results suggest that the domain responsible for the high level of apoE expression in liver lies outside of the microinjected DNA fragment and that an ectopic site of expression of an introduced gene may be permissive for the accumulation of its protein in plasma.
An automated framework for power-efficient detection in embedded sensor systems (2007)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2007.
Coagulation studies f plasmas from healthy domesticated animals and persons. (1981)

Optimal reaction conditions for the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), 1-stage prothrombin time (PT), and Russell's viper venom time were studied for pooled plasmas of horses, cattle, sheep, goats, swine, dogs, cats, and persons. Changes in CaCl2 and NaCl concentrations had significant effects on the APTT and PT reactions. The APTT was more sensitive than the PT to changes in CaCl2 concentration. The CaCl2 concentration recommended by the manufacturer for the APTT was suboptimal for some of plasmas of domesticated animals in ths study. Infusorial earth (Celite, activator) concentration provided by the manufacturer was optimal for plasmas of all species, with exception of horses and swine. Optimal incubation times for the APTT for the equine, bovine, ovine, and caprine plasmas were shorter than the 5 minutes recommended for human plasma. Optimal incubations for porcine and canine plasmas were longer than 5 minutes. The APTT and PT of all plasmas were stable for up to 3 hours' storage at 4 C in all species' plasmas tested with exception of the porcine plasma.
Activation of FP Prostanoid Receptor Isoforms Leads to Rho-mediated Changes in Cell Morphology and in the Cell Cytoskeleton (1999)

Prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) exerts its biological effects by binding to and activating FP prostanoid receptors. These receptors, which include two isoforms, the FP(A) and FP(B), have been cloned from a number of species and are members of the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. Previous studies have shown that the activation of FP receptors leads to phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis, intracellular calcium release, and activation of protein kinase C. Here, we demonstrate that PGF(2alpha) treatment of 293-EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) cells that have been stably transfected with either the FP(A) or FP(B) receptor isoforms leads to changes in cell morphology and in the cell cytoskeleton. Specifically, cells treated with PGF(2alpha) show retraction of filopodia and become rounded, and actin stress fibers are formed. Pretreatment of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide I, a protein kinase C inhibitor, has no effect on the PGF(2alpha)-induced changes in cell morphology, although it does block the effects of phorbol myristate acetate on cell morphology. On the other hand, the PGF(2alpha)-induced changes in cell morphology and formation of actin stress fibers can be blocked by pretreatment of the cells with C3 exoenzyme, a specific inhibitor of the small G-protein, Rho. Consistent with FP receptor induced formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions, FP(A) receptor activation also leads to rapid (within two minutes) tyrosine phosphorylation of p125 focal adhesion kinase (FAK) which can be blocked by pretreating the cells with C3 exoenzyme. Taken together, these results suggest that the FP receptor isoforms are coupled to at least two second messenger pathways, one pathway associated with protein kinase C activation, and the other with activation of Rho.
Structural Basis for Sorting Mechanism of p62 in Selective Autophagy (2008)

Impairment of autophagic degradation of the ubiquitin- and LC3-binding protein "p62" leads to the formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. However, little is known about the sorting mechanism of p62 to autophagic degradation. Here we identified a motif of murine p62 consisting of 11 amino acids (Ser334-Ser344) containing conserved acidic and hydrophobic residues across species, as an LC3 recognition sequence (LRS). The crystal structure of the LC3-LRS complex at 1.56 angstroms resolution revealed interaction of Trp340 and Leu343 of p62 with different hydrophobic pockets on the ubiquitin fold of LC3. In vivo analyses demonstrated that p62 mutants lacking LC3 binding ability accumulated without entrapping into autophagosomes in the cytoplasm and subsequently formed ubiquitin-positive inclusion bodies as in autophagy-deficient cells. These results demonstrate that the intracellular level of p62 is tightly regulated by autophagy through the direct interaction of LC3 with p62 and reveal that selective turnover of p62 via autophagy controls inclusion body formation.
The role of massage in the management of the athlete: a review. (1993)

Massage has been a therapeutic modality in all cultures since early civilization and has had a long tradition of use in the sporting context. However, there has been a paucity of scientific evidence of the physiological, psychological and therapeutic effects of commonly used massage techniques. This paper reviews the early and more recent studies on the effects of massage and also the more recent literature on its use on the sports person. Little agreement was found in English publications of the efficacy of massage and there were contradictory findings as to the optimum technique and length of time of application. It is clear that the role of massage - a time-consuming technique for a physiotherapist to perform - needs to be evaluated further in order to resolve some contentious issues arising about this mode of treatment and to justify its use.
Low-density parity-check codes (1962)

A low-density parity-check code is a code specified by a parity-check matrix with the following properties: each column contains a small fixed number <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j \geq 3</tex> of l's and each row contains a small fixed number <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k > j</tex> of l's. The typical minimum distance of these codes increases linearly with block length for a fixed rate and fixed <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</tex> . When used with maximum likelihood decoding on a sufficiently quiet binary-input symmetric channel, the typical probability of decoding error decreases exponentially with block length for a fixed rate and fixed <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</tex> . A simple but nonoptimum decoding scheme operating directly from the channel a posteriori probabilities is described. Both the equipment complexity and the data-handling capacity in bits per second of this decoder increase approximately linearly with block length. For <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j > 3</tex> and a sufficiently low rate, the probability of error using this decoder on a binary symmetric channel is shown to decrease at least exponentially with a root of the block length. Some experimental results show that the actual probability of decoding error is much smaller than this theoretical bound.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of the Quasi‐Ternary Phase Diagram in the NdO<sub>1.5</sub>—BaO—CuO<sub>x</sub> System in an Air Atmosphere. Part 1. Equilibrium Tie Lines in the Nd<sub>1+x</sub>Ba<sub>2‐x</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6+δ</sub> (Nd 123) Solid Solution and Liquid Region. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Therapeutic Applications of Aptamer-Based Riboswitches (2015)

Aptamers bind to their targets with high affinity and specificity through structure-based complementarity, instead of sequence complementarity that is used by most of the oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. This property has been exploited in using aptamers as multifunctional therapeutic units, by attaching them to therapeutic drugs, nanoparticles, or imaging agents, or as direct molecular decoys for inducing loss-of-function or gain-of-function of targets. One of the most interesting fields of aptamer application is their development as molecular sensors to regulate artificial riboswitches. Naturally, the riboswitches sense small-molecule metabolites and respond by regulating the expression of the corresponding metabolic genes. Riboswitches are cis-acting RNA structures that consist of the sensing (aptamer) and the regulating (expression platform) domains. In principle, diverse riboswitches can be engineered and applied to control different steps of gene expression in bacterial species as well as eukaryotes, by simply replacing aptamers against various endogenous and/or exogenous targets. Although these engineered aptamer-based riboswitches are recently gaining attention, it is clear that aptamer-based riboswitches have a potential for next-generation therapeutics against various diseases because of their controllability, specificity, and modularity in regulating gene expression through various cellular processes, including transcription, splicing, stability, RNA interference, and translation. In this review, we provide a summary of the recently developed and engineered aptamer-based riboswitches focusing on their therapeutic availability and further discuss their clinical potential.
Starting dynamics of dissipative-soliton fiber laser (2010)

We study the starting dynamics of an all-normal-dispersion Yb-doped fiber laser experimentally and compare them to an existing stochastic model of starting from quantum noise. The laser reaches mode locking 10 to 100 times faster than a soliton laser with similar parameters. According to the model, the fast starting can be attributed to the large pulse energy in the normal-dispersion laser. We also report direct observations of starting from relaxation oscillations and discuss that process in light of the theory.
Organometallic reactions in aqueous medium. Conversion of carbonyl compounds to 1,3-butadienes or vinyloxiranes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic reactions in aqueous medium. Conversion of carbonyl compounds to 1,3-butadienes or vinyloxiranesTak Hang Chan and Chao Jun LiCite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 10, 2649–2650Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00160a008https://doi.org/10.1021/om00160a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views420Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
C. W. Sinclair and M. T. Johnson, Integration of Social Response within Strategic Plan-Making, Research Note Series, Research Note 10 Joint Unit for Research on the Urban Environment, University of Aston in Birmingham, 1978. 28 pp. £1.50. (1981)

C. W. Sinclair and M. T. Johnson, Integration of Social Response within Strategic Plan-Making, Research Note Series, Research Note 10 Joint Unit for Research on the Urban Environment, University of Aston in Birmingham, 1978. 28 pp. £1.50. - Volume 10 Issue 3
MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2021)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health concern worldwide, and its incidence is increasing steadily. Recently, the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in HCC has gained renewed attention from basic and clinical researchers. The MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated in more than 50% of human HCC cases; however, activating mutations in RAS and RAF genes are rarely found in HCC, which are major genetic events leading to the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in other cancers. This suggests that there is an alternative mechanism behind the activation of the signaling pathway in HCC. Here, we will review recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the signaling pathway in the context of HCC.
MATHEMATICS (2009)

A transition from physical to intellectual exercise may appear somewhat violent. If I do not mistake, however, there is a closer analogy than might at first sight be evident between the directions taken by our muscular and cerebral energy. To go no further, we expend a great deal of both upon objects intrinsically useless, and, moreover, their uselessness is often put forward as a recommendation. We don't learn rowing or cricket with a view to turning them to practical account. We are not about to set up as watermen or professional bowlers. A man may occasionally find his youthful accomplishments profitable; as, for example, in starting as a billiard-marker; but it is not likely that that was his primary aim in learning billiards. We are quite content if we have had our fun, won our little meed of glory, and incidentally developed our muscles. Now, apologizing beforehand to philosophers, nothing can be less generally useful than cricket, except mathematics. As an amusement it is first-rate. A man may spend a happy life in cultivating an almost indecent familiarity with curves of the higher orders, in investigating extravagant formulæ, and in exhausting all the letters of all known alphabets to express his discoveries. So he may in playing whist, in solving chess problems, or unravelling Indian puzzles. As a mere intellectual toy, mathematics is far ahead of any known invention.
Efficient and Rapid Template-Directed Nucleic Acid Copying Using 2′-Amino-2′,3′-dideoxyribonucleoside−5′-Phosphorimidazolide Monomers (2009)

The development of a sequence-general nucleic acid copying system is an essential step in the assembly of a synthetic protocell, an autonomously replicating spatially localized chemical system capable of spontaneous Darwinian evolution. Previously described nonenzymatic template-copying experiments have validated the concept of nonenzymatic replication, but have not yet achieved robust, sequence-general polynucleotide replication. The 5'-phosphorimidazolides of the 2'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyribonucleotides are attractive as potential monomers for such a system because they polymerize by forming 2'-->5' linkages, which are favored in nonenzymatic polymerization reactions using similarly activated ribonucleotides on RNA templates. Furthermore, the 5'-activated 2'-amino nucleotides do not cyclize. We recently described the rapid and efficient nonenzymatic copying of a DNA homopolymer template (dC(15)) encapsulated within fatty acid vesicles using 2'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine-5'-phosphorimidazolide as the activated monomer. However, to realize a true Darwinian system, the template-copying chemistry must be able to copy most sequences and their complements to allow for the transmission of information from generation to generation. Here, we describe the copying of a series of nucleic acid templates using 2'-amino-2',3'-dideoxynucleotide-5'-phosphorimidazolides. Polymerization reactions proceed rapidly to completion on short homopolymer RNA and LNA templates, which favor an A-type duplex geometry. We show that more efficiently copied sequences are generated by replacing the adenine nucleobase with diaminopurine, and uracil with C5-(1-propynyl)uracil. Finally, we explore the copying of longer, mixed-sequence RNA templates to assess the sequence-general copying ability of 2'-amino-2',3'-dideoxynucleoside-5'-phosphorimidazolides. Our results are a significant step forward in the realization of a self-replicating genetic polymer compatible with protocell template copying and suggest that N2'-->P5'-phosphoramidate DNA may have the potential to function as a self-replicating system.
Predicting judicial decisions of the European Court of Human Rights: a Natural Language Processing perspective (2016)

Recent advances in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning provide us with the tools to build predictive models that can be used to unveil patterns driving judicial decisions. This can be useful, for both lawyers and judges, as an assisting tool to rapidly identify cases and extract patterns which lead to certain decisions. This paper presents the first systematic study on predicting the outcome of cases tried by the European Court of Human Rights based solely on textual content. We formulate a binary classification task where the input of our classifiers is the textual content extracted from a case and the target output is the actual judgment as to whether there has been a violation of an article of the convention of human rights. Textual information is represented using contiguous word sequences, i.e., N-grams, and topics. Our models can predict the court’s decisions with a strong accuracy (79% on average). Our empirical analysis indicates that the formal facts of a case are the most important predictive factor. This is consistent with the theory of legal realism suggesting that judicial decision-making is significantly affected by the stimulus of the facts. We also observe that the topical content of a case is another important feature in this classification task and explore this relationship further by conducting a qualitative analysis.
Washed Orange Pulp: Characterization and Properties (1983)

Hamlin and Valencia washed orange pulp from several crop years were dried and analyzed. The range in values of total pectin, neutral detergent fiber and crude fiber were 26.0-45.6%, 15.8-31.0% and 9.9-20.6% respectively. In addition, detailed nutrient and dietary fiber analyses were obtained for selected samples. Functional properties such as flavor muting, chromatophore formation and oil holding properties were noted. Food processing modification yields a novel form of the hydrated pulp with extended functional properties.
Irrigation: An historical perspective (2002)

Irrigation can be broadly defined as the practice of applying\nadditional water (beyond what is available from rainfall)\nto soil to enable or enhance plant growth and yield, and,\nin some cases, the quality of foliage or harvested plant\nparts. The water source could be groundwater pumped to\nthe surface, or surface water diverted from one position on\nthe landscape to another. Development of irrigation water\noften entails development of large-scale, geographically\nsignificant dams and water impoundments and/or diversions\nthat can provide additional functions apart from crop\ngrowth enhancement, e.g., flood control, recreation, or\ngeneration of electricity. In many cases sustainable\nirrigation development requires concomitant development\nof surface and/or subsurface drainage.