gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endophytic colonization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by the diazotrophic bacterium Burkholderia kururiensis and its ability to enhance plant growth (2008)

Burkholderia kururiensis is a diazotrophic bacterium originally isolated from a polluted aquifer environment and presents a high level of similarity with the rice endophyte "B. brasilensis" species. This work assessed the ability of B. kururiensis to endophytically colonize rice plantlets by monitoring different tissues of root-inoculated plants for the presence of bacterial growth in different media, electron microscopy and by 16S rDNA analysis. Observations of roots, stems and leaves of inoculated rice plantlets by electron microscopy revealed B. kururiensis colonization predominantly on root hair zones, demonstrating endophytic colonization primarily through the endodermis, followed by spreading into xylem vessels, a possible pathway leading to aerial parts. Although indifferent for the bacterial growth itself, addition of a nitrogen source was a limiting factor for endophytic colonization. As endophytic colonization was directly associated to an enhanced plant development, production of phytohormone auxin/indole-3-acetic acid by B. kururiensis was assayed with transgenic rice plantlets containing an auxin-responsive reporter (DR5-GUS). Our findings suggest the ability of auxin production by plant-associated B. kururiensis which may have a stimulatory effect on plant development, as evidenced by activation of DR5-GUS. We hereby demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of B. kururiensis to endophytically colonize rice, promoting both plant growth and rice grain yield.
Suppression of VEGF secretion and changes in glioblastoma multiforme microenvironment by inhibition of Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) (2008)

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was assesed as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma xenograft models through multiple endpoints including treatment related changes in the tumor microenvironment. Glioblastoma cell lines were tested in vitro for sensitivity toward the small-molecule inhibitors QLT0254 and QLT0267. Cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis were evaluated using MTT assay, flow cytometry, caspase activation, and DAPI staining. Western blotting and ELISA were used for protein analysis (ILK, PKB/Akt, VEGF, and HIF-1alpha). In vivo assessment of growth rate, cell proliferation, BrdUrd, blood vessel mass (CD31 labeling), vessel perfusion (Hoechst 33342), and hypoxia (EF-5) was done using U87MG glioblastoma xenografts in RAG2-M mice treated orally with QLT0267 (200 mg/kg q.d.). ILK inhibition in vitro with QLT0254 and QLT0267 resulted in decreased levels of phospho-PKB/Akt (Ser473), secreted VEGF, G2-M block, and apoptosis induction. Mice treated with QLT0267 exhibited significant delays in tumor growth (treated 213 mm3 versus control 549 mm3). In situ analysis of U87MG tumor cell proliferation from QLT0267-treated mice was significantly lower relative to untreated mice. Importantly, VEGF and HIF-1alpha expression decreased in QLT0267-treated tumors as did the percentage of blood vessel mass and numbers of Hoechst 33342 perfused tumor vessels compared with control tumors (35% versus 83%). ILK inhibition with novel small-molecule inhibitors leads to treatment-associated delays in tumor growth, decreased tumor angiogenesis, and functionality of tumor vasculature. The therapeutic effects of a selected ILK inhibitor (QLT0267) should be determined in the clinic in cancers that exhibit dysregulated ILK, such as PTEN-null glioblastomas.
Type I IFN Drives a Distinctive Dendritic Cell Maturation Phenotype That Allows Continued Class II MHC Synthesis and Antigen Processing (2012)

Microbial molecules or cytokines can stimulate dendritic cell (DC) maturation, which involves DC migration to lymph nodes and enhanced presentation of Ag to launch T cell responses. Microbial TLR agonists are the most studied inducers of DC maturation, but type I IFN (IFN-I) also promotes DC maturation. In response to TLR stimulation, DC maturation involves a burst of Ag processing with enhanced expression of peptide-class II MHC complexes and costimulator molecules. Subsequently, class II MHC (MHC-II) synthesis and expression in intracellular vacuolar compartments is inhibited, decreasing Ag processing function. This limits presentation to a cohort of Ags kinetically associated with the maturation stimulus and excludes presentation of Ags subsequently experienced by the DC. In contrast, our studies show that IFN-I enhances DC expression of MHC-II and costimulatory molecules without a concomitant inhibition of subsequent MHC-II synthesis and Ag processing. Expression of mRNA for MHC-II and the transcription factor CIITA is inhibited in DCs treated with TLR agonists but maintained in cells treated with IFN-I. After stimulation with IFN-I, MHC-II expression is increased on the plasma membrane but is also maintained in intracellular vacuolar compartments, consistent with sustained Ag processing function. These findings suggest that IFN-I drives a distinctive DC maturation program that enhances Ag presentation to T cells without a shutdown of Ag processing, allowing continued sampling of Ags for presentation.
Bone Gain in Young Adult Women (1992)

Gain in bone mass occurs in healthy young women during the third decade of life. Physical activity and dietary calcium intake both exert a positive effect on this bone gain. Use of oral contraceptives exerts a further independent positive effect. Changes in life-style among college-aged women, involving relatively modest increases in physical activity and calcium intake, may significantly reduce the risk of osteoporosis late in life.
Steam‐Stripping for Regeneration of Supported Amine‐Based CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorbents (2010)

Amine-based solid CO2 adsorbents have been investigated intensively in recent years. However, the focus has routinely been on their adsorption capacity and not on their regeneration. Here, a practical desorption process for supported amine adsorbents, steam-stripping, is demonstrated for the first time.
A Convenient Synthesis of 1-Substituted1,2,3-Triazoles via CuI/Et<sub>3</sub>N Catalyzed ‘ClickChemistry’ from Azides and Acetylene Gas (2009)

Copper(I)-catalyzed 'click chemistry' using acetylene gas was successfully explored under mild conditions. 1-Substituted-1,2,3-triazoles were conveniently synthesized From the corresponding aromatic and aliphatic azides.
GNSS spoofing detection using a maximum likelihood-based sliding window method (2020)

The Global Navigation Satellite System is vulnerable to interference signals that can potentially disable the system, because the signal strength tends to be very weak. Interference such as jamming, which disables the receiver via excessively high signal strength in the satellite navigation frequency band, and spoofing, which induces the receiver to output erroneous position and time data via signals similar to actual navigation signals, disrupt satellite navigation systems. As the threat of interference is increasing, considerable research effort has been expended in an attempt to deal with it in various ways. Spoofing attacks are especially difficult to detect. This paper deals with a technique to detect a spoofing signal and to mitigate attacks on satellite navigation systems. The satellite navigation signal is influenced by the navigation satellite itself and errors due to environmental factors, and spoofing signal detection should be well reflected in the navigation signal. Especially, in the case of mobile receivers, it is not easy to detect a spoofing signal because the exact position of the receiver cannot be known. To detect a spoofing signal, additional hardware may be required; in some cases, heterogeneous sensors, such as inertial sensors, may be used. The technique introduced in this paper effectively discriminates spoofing signals based only on receiver measurements, without the need for additional devices. It generates test statistics based on the pseudorange, which is the measured value of the receiver position, and detects spoofing signals by setting the monitoring interval according to a "sliding window". Because the proposed method uses output data and measurements obtained from the receiver, it can be applied to general receivers at low cost.
Cell-free 3D scaffold with two-stage delivery of miRNA-26a to regenerate critical-sized bone defects (2016)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are being developed to enhance tissue regeneration. Here we show that a hyperbranched polymer with high miRNA-binding affinity and negligible cytotoxicity can self-assemble into nano-sized polyplexes with a 'double-shell' miRNA distribution and high transfection efficiency. These polyplexes are encapsulated in biodegradable microspheres to enable controllable two-stage (polyplexes and miRNA) delivery. The microspheres are attached to cell-free nanofibrous polymer scaffolds that spatially control the release of miR-26a. This technology is used to regenerate critical-sized bone defects in osteoporotic mice by targeting Gsk-3β to activate the osteoblastic activity of endogenous stem cells, thus addressing a critical challenge in regenerative medicine of achieving cell-free scaffold-based miRNA therapy for tissue engineering.
Rationale for the development of new topical treatments for acne vulgaris. (1996)

The development of new topical anti-acne therapies reflects the need for medications that address the requirements and concerns of an increasingly mature and demanding acne patient population. Some of the topical agents currently under investigation in the United States include several alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs), the retinoids tazarotene and adapalene, and azelaic acid. All of these agents appear to exert their effect on acne through some effect on the process of keratinization and/or the thickness of the stratum corneum. Azelaic acid also has significant antimicrobial activity relevant to its efficacy in acne vulgaris. While azelaic acid has already been used successfully in many parts of the world for several years, the potential roles of the new retinoids in acne therapy are just beginning to be clarified. The properties of AHAs suggest that they may also be of value in the treatment of acne, but further systematic evaluation is needed.
Genetic and biochemical analysis of the TLA1 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (2009)

The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genomic DNA database contains a predicted open reading frame (ORF-P) without an apparent stop-codon and unknown coding sequence, located in close proximity and immediately upstream of the TLA1 gene (GenBank Accession No. AF534570). The latter was implicated in the regulation of the light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna size of photosynthesis (Tetali et al. Planta 225:813-829, 2007). To provide currently lacking information on ORF-P and its potential participation in TLA1 gene expression, thus in the regulation of the chlorophyll antenna size, genetic and biochemical analyses were undertaken. The coding and UTR regions of the ORF-P were defined and delineated from those of the adjacent TLA1 gene. ORF-P is shown to encode a protein with a distinct RING-like zinc finger domain that is present in numerous eukaryotic proteins, believed to play a role in cellular ubiquitination, leading to regulation of cellular processes like signaling, growth, transcription, and DNA repair. It is further shown that the two genes share a 74-bp overlap between the 3' UTR region of ORF-P and the 5' UTR region of TLA1. However, they possess distinct start and stop codons and separate coding sequences, and transcribed as separate mRNAs without any trans-splicing between them. Complementation experiments showed that the TLA1 gene alone is sufficient to rescue the truncated chlorophyll antenna size phenotype of the tla1 mutant. Protein sequence alignments in C. reinhardtii and the colorless microalga Polytomella parva suggested that TLA1 defines the relationship between nucleus and organelle in microalgae, indirectly affecting the development of the chlorophyll antenna size.
NUMTs in Sequenced Eukaryotic Genomes (2004)

Mitochondrial DNA sequences are frequently transferred to the nucleus giving rise to the so-called nuclear mitochondrial DNA (NUMT). Analysis of 13 eukaryotic species with sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear genomes reveals a large interspecific variation of NUMT number and size. Copy number ranges from none or few copies in Anopheles, Caenorhabditis, Plasmodium, Drosophila, and Fugu to more than 500 in human, rice, and Arabidopsis. The average size is between 62 (baker's yeast) and 647 bps (Neurospora), respectively. A correlation between the abundance of NUMTs and the size of the nuclear or the mitochondrial genomes, or of the nuclear gene density, is not evident. Other factors, such as the number and/or stability of mitochondria in the germline, or species-specific mechanisms controlling accumulation/loss of nuclear DNA, might be responsible for the interspecific diversity in NUMT accumulation.
Extending municipal services by building on local initiatives: a project in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro. (1982)

Describes how municipal authorities build on the efforts of community groups in extending services to urban slums in a manner consistent with the communities' own priorities. The evolution of community initiative in the form of active sanitation, health, and community school groups in Rocinha, one of Rio's largest favelas, is detailed. The subsequent agreement between UNICEF and the Municipal Secretariat for Social Development (SMD) to establish an Urban Community Development Program in Rio de Janeiro was based on the preexistence of community initiative. Explains the methodology for this community development as planned by a multidisciplinary working group of 4 consultants and the process by which institutional adaptation of the Urban Community Development Program is accomplished. Emphasized is the nature of the UNICEF/SMD collaboration and the intended final status of the project, as the sole responsibility of the SMD.
Increased Risk of Restenosis After Placement of Gold-Coated Stents (2000)

Coating steel stents with gold had no significant influence on the thrombotic events observed during the first 30 days after the intervention. However, gold-coated stents were associated with a considerable increase in the risk of restenosis over the first year after stenting.
Circulating suPAR in Two Cohorts of Primary FSGS (2012)

Overexpression of soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) causes pathology in animal models similar to primary FSGS, and one recent study demonstrated elevated levels of serum suPAR in patients with the disease. Here, we analyzed circulating suPAR levels in two cohorts of children and adults with biopsy-proven primary FSGS: 70 patients from the North America-based FSGS clinical trial (CT) and 94 patients from PodoNet, the Europe-based consortium studying steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Circulating suPAR levels were elevated in 84.3% and 55.3% of patients with FSGS patients in the CT and PodoNet cohorts, respectively, compared with 6% of controls (P<0.0001); inflammation did not account for this difference. Multiple regression analysis suggested that lower suPAR levels associated with higher estimated GFR, male sex, and treatment with mycophenolate mofetil. In the CT cohort, there was a positive association between the relative reduction of suPAR after 26 weeks of treatment and reduction of proteinuria, with higher odds for complete remission (P=0.04). In the PodoNet cohort, patients with an NPHS2 mutation had higher suPAR levels than those without a mutation. In conclusion, suPAR levels are elevated in geographically and ethnically diverse patients with FSGS and do not reflect a nonspecific proinflammatory milieu. The associations between a change in circulating suPAR with different therapeutic regimens and with remission support the role of suPAR in the pathogenesis of FSGS.
A design and implementation of savepoints and partial rollbacks considering transaction isolation levels of SQL2 (2003)

A partial rollback of a transaction restores the state of the transaction and the database to the state in which they have been right after the savepoint to be rolled back has been established. The paper considers the correctness of savepoints and partial rollbacks. First, a savepoint sequence number is assigned to each savepoint. According to that, without generating any savepoint log record upon establishing savepoints, all the valid savepoints of a transaction can have different savepoint sequence numbers and the order of establishment of each valid savepoint can be discriminated efficiently. Second, the lock request entries of the manual duration are not deleted from the lock table as far as some savepoints which are established after the locks are requested but before the locks are released are valid. That guarantees the correctness of savepoints and partial rollbacks under the circumstances of supporting the four transaction isolation levels of SQL2. Third, the concept of the mini-savepoint that preserves the atomicity of update operations of the SQL level is extended and adopted to triggers and stored procedures. According to that, the atomicity of triggers and stored procedures is supported and the scope of savepoint names is restricted to the internal of the corresponding triggers or stored procedures.
Multiple Topics: Evidence from Malagasy (2003)

Rizzi (1997) proposes a layered CP structure with a focus position sandwiched between two topic projections. At first glance, Malagasy (VOS) provides evidence in favour of this structure, as it is possible to have the linear string topic>focus>topic, all apparently fronted to pre-verbal positions (1). Although Rizzi’s structure could account for (1), it leaves unexplained certain restrictions on these topic and focus positions in Malagasy. I show that only the highest topic is in the CP-layer of the clause. Crucially, the second topic, Rabe, is not in a clausal topic position, but is a possessor of the subject in [Spec, DP]. A more accurate translation of (1) is ‘As for the dirty dishes, Rabe’s washing of them is every day’.
Synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted N-nitrosooxazolidines with nitrosyl chloride (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2,2-disubstituted N-nitrosooxazolidines with nitrosyl chlorideJoseph E. SaavedraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 13, 2379–2380Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00213a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00213a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views537Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Secure and Anonymous Two-Factor Authentication Protocol in Multiserver Environment (2018)

With the great development of network technology, the multiserver system gets widely used in providing various of services. And the two-factor authentication protocols in multiserver system attract more and more attention. Recently, there are two new schemes for multiserver environment which claimed to be secure against the known attacks. However, after a scrutinization of these two schemes, we found that <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> their description of the adversary’s abilities is inaccurate; <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> their schemes suffer from many attacks. Thus, firstly , we corrected their description on the adversary capacities to introduce a widely accepted adversary model and then summarized fourteen security requirements of multiserver based on the works of pioneer contributors. Secondly , we revealed that one of the two schemes fails to preserve forward secrecy and user anonymity and cannot resist stolen-verifier attack and off-line dictionary attack and so forth and also demonstrated that another scheme fails to preserve forward secrecy and user anonymity and is not secure to insider attack and off-line dictionary attack, and so forth. Finally , we designed an enhanced scheme to overcome these identified weaknesses, proved its security via BAN logic and heuristic analysis, and then compared it with other relevant schemes. The comparison results showed the superiority of our scheme.
Diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy: approximate modeling of the macroscopic alpha particle dose of a point source (2019)

Diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy ('DaRT') is a new cancer-treatment modality, which enables treating solid tumors by alpha particles. The treatment utilizes implantable seeds embedded with a low activity of radium-224. Each seed continuously emits the short-lived alpha-emitting daughters of radium-224, which spread over several mm around it, creating a 'kill region' of high alpha-particle dose. DaRT is presently tested in clinical trials, starting with locally advanced and recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin and head and neck, with promising results with respect to both efficacy and safety. This work aims to provide a simple model which can serve as a zero-order approximation for DaRT dosimetry, allowing for calculating the macroscopic alpha particle dose of a point source, as a basis for more realistic source geometries. The model consists of diffusion equations for radon-220, lead-212 and bismuth-212, with the other short-lived daughters in local secular equilibrium. For simplicity, the medium is assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic and time-independent. Vascular effects are accounted for by effective diffusion and clearance terms. To leading order, the alpha particle dose can be described by simple analytic expressions, which shed light on the underlying physics. The calculations demonstrate that, for a reasonable choice of model parameters, therapeutic alpha-particle dose levels are obtained over a region measuring 4-7 mm in diameter for sources carrying a few [Formula: see text]Ci of radium-224. The model predictions served as the basis for treatment planning in the SCC clinical trial, where treatments employing DaRT seeds carrying 2 [Formula: see text]Ci of radium-224 and spaced 5 mm apart resulted in ∼[Formula: see text] complete response of the treated tumors with no observed radiation-induced toxicity. The promising results of the SCC clinical trial indicate that in spite of its approximate nature, the simple diffusion-based dosimetry model provides a quantitative starting point for DaRT treatment planning.