gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laminar Flame Speeds of Synthetic Gas Fuel Mixtures (2005)

Laminar flame speeds of H2/CO/CO2 mixtures have been measured over a range of fuel compositions, lean equivalence ratios, and reactant preheat temperature (up to 700 K). The measurements are compared to numerical flame speed predictions based on two reaction mechanisms: GRI Mech 3.0 and a H2/CO mechanism. For undiluted and nonpreheated mixtures, the current results agree with previous data and the numerical calculations over most of the range tested. The measured flame speeds increase as the H2 content of the fuel rises and for higher equivalence ratios. The most significant difference between the measurements and models is for high CO content fuel with the H2/CO mechanism, and the high H2 content fuel at the leanest conditions with the GRI mechanism. For CO2 diluted fuels, measured flame speeds decrease as predicted. However, agreement between the measurements and predictions worsens with increasing CO2 dilution. Deviations as large as 40% are observed at lean equivalence ratios and 20% CO2 levels. For reactant preheat temperatures below ∼400K, the measured flame speeds generally match the calculated flame speeds within 10%. At higher preheat temperatures, however, the discrepancy between the measurements and the calculations increases, reaching levels of ∼30% at 700 K. The measured temperature dependence is closer to the predictions from GRI Mech 3.0 than from the H2/CO mechanism.
Plant G Proteins, Phytohormones, and Plasticity: Three Questions and a Speculation (2004)

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) composed of Galpha, Gbeta, and Ggamma subunits are important transducers of hormonal signals in organisms as evolutionarily distant as plants and humans. The genomes of diploid angiosperms, such as that of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, encode only single canonical Galpha and Gbeta subunits, only two identified Ggamma subunits, and just one regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) protein. However, a wide range of processes-including seed germination, shoot and root growth, and stomatal regulation-are altered in Arabidopsis and rice plants with mutations in G protein components. Such mutants exhibit altered responsiveness to a number of plant hormones, including gibberellins, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, and auxin. This review describes possible mechanisms by which such pleiotropic effects are generated and considers possible explanations for why G protein component mutations in plants fail to be lethal. A possible role of G protein signaling in the control of phenotypic plasticity, a hallmark of plant growth, is also discussed.
Immobilisation of the Grubbs III Olefin Metathesis Catalyst with Polyvinyl Pyridine (PVP) (2005)

A new concept for immobilising Grubbs III catalyst by direct coordination of ruthenium to polyvinyl pyridine (PVP) is presented. PVP was prepared by precipitation polymerisation, which led to small bead sizes (0.2-2 µm) and large surface areas. Compared to commercial resins, this phase showed superior properties when employed in model ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and in representative RCM, enyne and CM reactions with various substrates. The concept of immobilisation was also applied to Raschig rings made from a glass polymer composite material, which can be incorporated into devices for continuous flow processes.
Update on gene modifiers in cystic fibrosis (2008)

Several genes have been demonstrated to affect disease severity in CF. Furthermore, it is likely that gene-gene and gene-environment interactions can explain a substantial portion of the variation of lung disease. Ongoing genome-wide studies are likely to identify novel genetic modifiers. Continued exploration of the role of genetic and nongenetic modifiers of CF is likely to yield new options for combating this debilitating disease.
The Creative Process: A Computer Model of Storytelling and Creativity (1994)

Someday computers will be artists. They'll be able to write amusing and original stories, invent and play games of unsurpassed complexity and inventiveness, tell jokes and suffer writer's block. But these things will require computers that can both achieve artistic goals and be creative. Both capabilities are far from accomplished. This book presents a theory of creativity that addresses some of the many hard problems which must be solved to build a creative computer. It also presents an exploration of the kinds of goals and plans needed to write simple short stories. These theories have been implemented in a computer program called MINSTREL which tells stories about King Arthur and his knights. While far from being the silicon author of the future, MINSTREL does illuminate many of the interesting and difficult issues involved in constructing a creative computer. The results presented here should be of interest to at least three different groups of people. Artificial intelligence researchers should find this work an interesting application of symbolic AI to the problems of story-telling and creativity. Psychologists interested in creativity and imagination should benefit from the attempt to build a detailed, explicit model of the creative process. Finally, authors and others interested in how people write should find MINSTREL's model of the author-level writing process thought-provoking.
Analytical Results for a Kalman Tracker Using Position and Rate Measurements (1983)

Analytical results are presented for determining the steady-state components of the gain and error covariance matrices of the two-state Kalman tracking filter with white noise maneuver capability.
One-year Results of the Effects of Rituximab on Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Renal Transplantation (2015)

After 1 year of follow-up, we observed no additional effect of rituximab in patients receiving PE, IVIg, and CS for AMR. Nevertheless, our study was underpowered and important differences between groups may have been missed. Complementary trials with long-term follow-up are needed.
Organic-Inorganic Perovskite for Highly Efficient Tandem Solar Cells (2019)

To overcome the theoretical efficiency of single-junction solar cells (> 30 %), tandem solar cells (or multi-junction solar cells) is considered as a strong nominee because of their excellent light utilization. Organic-inorganic halide perovskite has been regarded as a promising candidate material for next-generation tandem solar cell due to not only their excellent optoelectronic properties but also their bandgap-tune-ability and low-temperature processpossibility. As a result, they have been adopted either as a wide-bandgap top cell combined with narrow-bandgap silicon or CuIn x Ga (1-x) Se 2 bottom cells or for all-perovskite tandem solar cells using narrow-and wide-bandgap perovskites. To successfully transition perovskite materials from for single junction to tandem, substantial efforts need to focus on fabricating the high quality wide-and narrow-bandgap perovskite materials and semi-transparent electrode/recombination layer. In this paper, we present an overview of the current research and our outlook regarding perovskite-based tandem solar technology. Several key challenges discussed are: 1) a wide-bandgap perovskite for top-cell in multi-junction tandem solar cells; 2) a narrow-bandgap perovskite for bottom-cell in allperovskite tandem solar cells, and 3) suitable semi-transparent conducting layer for efficient electrode or recombination layer in tandem solar cells.
Visualization of RNA secondary structures using highly parallel computers (1996)

Results of RNA secondary structure prediction algorithm are usually given as a set of hydrogen bonds between bases. However, we cannot know the precise structure of an RNA molecule by only knowing which bases form hydrogen bonds. One way to understand the structure of an RNA molecule is to visualize it using a planar graph so that we can easily know the geometric relations among the substructures such as stacking regions and loops. To do this, we consider bases to be particles on a plane and introduce a repulsive force and an attractive force among these particles and determine their positions according to these forces. A naive algorithm requires O(N2) time but we can reduce it to O(NlogN) with an approximation algorithm which is often used in the area of N-body simulation. Our program is written in parallel object-oriented language 'Schematic' which is recently developed. Efficiency of our implementation on a parallel computer and results of visualization of secondary structures are presented using cadang-cadang coconut viroid as an example.
A prospective study of the usefulness of the measurement of platelet- associated IgG for the diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (1982)

The measurement of platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) is a potentially useful diagnostic test for idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP). However, the restricted application of PAIgG measurements to thrombocytopenic populations primarily comprised of ITP patients will artificially enhance its diagnosis specificity. For this reason, we performed a prospective study in which the results of a sensitive technique for quantitating PAIgG were related to the cause of the thrombocytopenia. Over a 1-yr period, clinicians were invited to submit patient blood samples encompassing as wide a spectrum of thrombocytopenic disorders as possible for PAIgG measurements. The physician was then contacted and requested to indicate the likeliest cause for the thrombocytopenia. The PAIgG was elevated in only 24 of 254 samples obtained from nonthrombocytopenic patients. In contrast, 134 (79%) of the 169 thrombocytopenic patients had elevated PAIgG results, and the increased levels were apparent in all diagnostic categories. The sensitivity of the PAIgG test for clinically diagnosed idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was 91% and the specificity was 27%. The positive predictive value for a raised PAIgG as a diagnostic test for ITP in a thrombocytopenic patient was only 46%, while the negative predictive value was 82%. This study indicates that the presence of increased PAIgG provides little additional information in the diagnosis of ITP. This study also suggests that immune mechanisms may mediate many more thrombocytopenic disorders than have been previously thought likely.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of source versus item memory (2003)

Both the frontal lobes and the medial temporal lobe (particularly the hippocampus) have been implicated in encoding and retrieval of episodic memory information. We report an experiment that manipulates whether source information, item information, or both are required at retrieval. Two sources were used in a factorial design in which the main effect of source and item retrieval, along with their interaction, could be measured by fMRI activations. When source information was required at retrieval the left frontal lobe showed significant activation but not when item retrieval was required. Hippocampal activation showed no difference between source and item retrieval. This pattern of results supports a model proposing a larger role for the frontal lobes in encoding and retrieval of source information.
Multimedia courseware delivery over broadband networks (2002)

We describe a broadband multimedia telelearning system under development in the Multimedia Information Research Laboratory at the University of Ottawa. The system aims at providing a seamless multimedia telelearning platform using the latest telecommunication and multimedia information processing technologies. The main technology components of the system are: media production center, courseware author system, multimedia database, courseware navigator, and on-line facilitator. All these components are distributed over an ATM network and work together to offer a multimedia interactive courseware service. An MHEG-based model is developed to achieve the interchange of reusable information between these components.
Degradation of chitosans with chitinase B from <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (2004)

Family 18 chitinases such as chitinase B (ChiB) from Serratia marcescens catalyze glycoside hydrolysis via a mechanism involving the N-acetyl group of the sugar bound to the -1 subsite. We have studied the degradation of the soluble heteropolymer chitosan, to obtain further insight into catalysis in ChiB and to experimentally assess the proposed processive action of this enzyme. Degradation of chitosans with varying degrees of acetylation was monitored by following the size-distribution of oligomers, and oligomers were isolated and partly sequenced using (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. Degradation of a chitosan with 65% acetylated units showed that ChiB is an exo-enzyme which degrades the polymer chains from their nonreducing ends. The degradation showed biphasic kinetics: the faster phase is dominated by cleavage on the reducing side of two acetylated units (occupying subsites -2 and -1), while the slower kinetic phase reflects cleavage on the reducing side of a deacetylated and an acetylated unit (bound to subsites -2 and -1, respectively). The enzyme did not show preferences with respect to acetylation of the sugar bound in the +1 subsite. Thus, the preference for an acetylated unit is absolute in the -1 subsite, whereas substrate specificity is less stringent in the -2 and +1 subsites. Consequently, even chitosans with low degrees of acetylation could be degraded by ChiB, permitting the production of mixtures of oligosaccharides with different size distributions and chemical composition. Initially, the degradation of the 65% acetylated chitosan almost exclusively yielded oligomers with even-numbered chain lengths. This provides experimental evidence for a processive mode of action, moving the sugar chain two residues at a time. The results show that nonproductive binding events are not necessarily followed by substrate release but rather by consecutive relocations of the sugar chain.
Radiated emissions test performance of the GHz TEM cell (1991)

The gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell has recently been recognized as a competing technology for the accomplishment of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) radiated emissions testing for the demonstration of compliance with commercial specifications. As a competing technology, the direct comparison of the performance of a GTEM, for such compliance measurements, to the results obtained from an open area test site (OATS) is an obvious and necessary step. The direct comparison of results of two series of tests is described. Two differing comparisons are described: three separate sets of reference dipole comparison measurements, and two full personal computer (PC) systems tested per the requirements of ANSI 63.4, Draft 11.4 on an OATS and in a GTEM. In addition to a direct comparison, the resultant data has been subjected to statistical analysis. The statistical analysis was performed on maximum electric field strength data comparing GTEM calculated levels with open area test site measured levels. Pearson's correlation coefficient and the student-t distribution were used to analyze the data. Good agreement of results, both by direct comparison and by the statistical analysis have been found.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intra-masking dual-rail memory on LUT implementation for tamper-resistant AES on FPGA (2012)

In current countermeasure design trends against differential power analysis (DPA), security at gate level is required in addition to the security algorithm. Several dual-rail pre-charge logics (DPL) have been proposed to achieve this goal. Designs using ASIC can attain this goal owing to its backend design restrictions on placement and routing. However, implementing these designs on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) without information leakage is still a problem because of the difficulty involved in the restrictions on placement and routing on FPGA.
Death of <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> in Soil (1980)

Micrococcus luteus cells died relatively quickly when they were added to natural soil. The results were similar for soil in nature and as soil samples in the laboratory. The cells died more quickly when nutrients were added to the soil. Those cells that survived soil residence exhibited a temporary lengthening of the time required for colonial growth and pigment formation on laboratory media. They had not gained increased survival capability, however. This was evident when they were retested in soil. Good survival of the M. luteus cells was noted when the soil was incubated at lowered temperatures. Some protection to the cells was provided by slow drying of the soil during incubation or by addition of NaCl. Microscopic examination of the soil revealed that the M. luteus cells were being physically destroyed and that two different bacteria were growing in the areas where the cells had lysed. It was suggested that bacterial predators in the soil might be associated with the death of the M. luteus cells.
Equine Herpesvirus-1 Consensus Statement (2009)

Equine herpesvirus-1 is a highly prevalent and frequently pathogenic infection of equids. The most serious clinical consequences of infection are abortion and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). In recent years, there has been an apparent increase in the incidence of EHM in North America, with serious consequences for horses and the horse industry. This consensus statement draws together current knowledge in the areas of pathogenesis, strain variation, epidemiology, diagnostic testing, vaccination, outbreak prevention and control, and treatment.
A Full Flora, but not Monocolonization by <i>Escherichia coli</i> or Lactobacilli, Supports Tolerogenic Processing of a Fed Antigen (2005)

Fed protein undergoes processing and coupling to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II molecules during passage through the intestinal epithelium, generating a tolerogenic form of the antigen in serum. Transfer of this factor to naïve animals induces tolerance in the recipient. In this study, we investigate what impact colonization with Gram-positive (Lactobacillus plantarum) or Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria has on tolerogenic processing in the gut. Germ-free (GF), monocolonized or conventional mice were fed ovalbumin (OVA), and their serum was collected and transferred to naïve conventional recipients that were tested for delayed-type hypersensitivity against OVA after parenteral immunization. A transferable tolerogenic factor was produced by conventional mice, but not by mice that were germ free or monocolonized with either E. coli or L. plantarum. Conventional, but neither GF nor monocolonized mice showed upregulation of MHCII expression in the epithelium of small intestine. The results suggest that a complex intestinal microflora is needed to support oral tolerance development.
Antenna-Coupled Niobium Bolometers for Terahertz Spectroscopy (2007)

We report characterizations of antenna-coupled hot electron bolometers designed for laboratory-based terahertz spectroscopy. These direct detectors combine sub-nanosecond response, high sensitivity, and the ability to operate below saturation when viewing a room temperature background. The optimum small-signal responsivity is 4.4 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> V/W, measured at a bath temperature T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> ap 0.9T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> . The corresponding saturation power is 7 nW. The saturation power increases and the small-signal responsivity decreases as the bath temperature is lowered. The measured noise equivalent power is 2.0 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-14</sup> W/(Hz) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">frac12</sup> , near the predicted thermal fluctuation limit. The noise is white from approximately 100 Hz to 100 MHz.
Studies on the induction of tolerance to alloantigens. I. The abrogation of potentials for delayed-type-hypersensitivity response to alloantigens by portal venous inoculation with allogeneic cells. (1985)

The present study investigates the effect of portal venous (p.v.) administration of allogeneic cells on the capacity of delayed-type-hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity to alloantigens. BALB/c mice were inoculated with C3H/He spleen cells via intravenous (i.v.) or p.v. route. Intravenous injection of C3H/He spleen cells into BALB/c mice resulted in appreciable DTH responses to C3H/He alloantigens. In contrast, p.v. inoculation of the same number of C3H/He cells not only failed to induce any significant anti-C3H/He DTH responses but also abolished the capability of the animals to develop DTH responses as induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization with C3H/He spleen cells. Such suppression was alloantigen-specific, since p.v. inoculation of C3H/He spleen cells resulted in selective inhibition of anti-C3H/He DTH potential without suppressing DTH responses to C57BL/6 alloantigens. This tolerance was rapidly inducible and long-lasting. When spleen cells from tolerant mice were transferred i.v. into 600 R X-irradiated syngeneic recipient mice alone or together with normal BALB/c spleen cells, these tolerant spleen cells themselves failed to induce DTH responses but did not exhibit any suppressive effect on the generation of DTH responses induced by normal spleen cells co-transferred. These results indicate that tolerance was not necessarily associated with the induction of suppressor cell activity but rather was associated with the elimination or functional impairment of clones specific for alloantigens. The results are discussed in the context of a) the role of the liver in immune responses, b) cellular mechanisms underlying the tolerance induction, and c) potential application of this approach to the future transplantation immunology.
Effects of multigrooved surfaces on osteoblast‐like cells <i>in vitro</i>: Scanning electron microscopic observation and mRNA expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin (2003)

This study evaluated the behavior of osteoblast-like cells on multigrooved surfaces consisting of a combination of microgrooves and macrogrooves. A polystyrene substrate was fabricated with multigrooves with 90-degree, V-shaped microgrooves with a 2-microm pitch cut on trapezoidal macrogrooves, which had a 50-microm ridge width, a 50-microm wall width, a 50-microm bottom width, and 25-microm depth. Smooth polystyrene substrates were also prepared as controls. Rat bone marrow cells were cultured as osteoblast-like cells on the substrates for morphological evaluation using a scanning electron microscope, and for biochemical evaluation using the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique for osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNA expression. After 8 days of incubation, the osteoblast-like cells were aligned parallel to the surface grooves on the multigrooved substrates. After 16 days of incubation, a dense mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) was produced along the multigrooves. The ECM on the multigrooved surface appeared oriented more in the direction of the grooves than on the smooth surface, and trapezoid-shaped macrogrooves of the ECM were cast upside down. Although there were not significant differences, the osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNA expressions of the osteoblast-like cells on the multigrooved surfaces tended to be higher than on smooth surfaces. These results suggest that multigrooves could be used to control the orientation of mineralized ECM as well as of cells, and also to enhance the production of mineralized ECM.