gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conditions Affecting the Responses of Human Platelets to Epinephrine (1988)

Conditions affecting the responses of human platelets to epinephrine were examined. In platelet-rich plasma prepared from blood anticoagulated with hirudin or PPACK (D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethyl ketone), epinephrine did not cause shape change or aggregation. In a Tyrode-albumin-apyrase solution containing a concentration of Ca2+ in the physiological range, and fibrinogen, epinephrine in concentrations as high as 40 microM did not induce platelet shape change, caused either no primary aggregation or very slight primary aggregation, and did not induce thromboxane formation, release of dense granule contents, or secondary aggregation. In contrast, in citrated platelet-rich plasma, epinephrine induced two phases of aggregation. This is not attributable to the generation of traces of thrombin since the same effects were evident when blood was taken into a combined citrate-hirudin anticoagulant or a combined citrate-PPACK anticoagulant. In a modified Tyrode-albumin-apyrase solution containing approximately 20 microM Ca2+, 1 mM Mg2+, and fibrinogen, epinephrine induced extensive aggregation after a lag phase, but no primary phase was evident; thromboxane formation and release of dense granule contents accompanied the aggregation response. These responses were also observed when PPACK was included with the acid-citrate-dextrose anticoagulant, and in the washing and resuspending fluids. In the presence of aspirin or the thromboxane receptor blocker BM 13,177 a few small aggregates were detected by particle counting and by scanning electron microscopy; with the latter inhibitor, the platelets in the aggregates retained their disc shape; secondary aggregation and the responses associated with it did not occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CD45‐mediated regulation of LFA1 function in human natural killer cells. Anti‐CD45 monoclonal antibodies inhibit the calcium mobilization induced via LFA1 molecules (1993)

The TA218 and T205 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were selected on the basis of their ability to inhibit the non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted lysis of the murine mastocytoma P815 cell line mediated by CD3-CD16+ natural killer (NK) cells. Both mAb were found to react with CD45 molecules, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation after surface iodination and western blot analysis. A panel of tumor target cells susceptible to lysis by polyclonal or clonal CD3-CD16+ NK cells was used to study the mAb-mediated inhibitory effect. The inhibition of cytolysis mediated by TA218 and T205 mAb was found to consistently parallel the inhibition mediated (with the same tumor target cells) by the anti-LFA1 alpha mAb TS.1.22 or by the anti-LFA1 beta mAb TS.1.18. However, different from the anti-LFA1 mAb, T205 or TA218 mAb did not inhibit the binding of activated CD3-CD16+ effector NK cells to the same tumor target cells. This finding supported the concept that the anti-CD45 mAb-mediated inhibition could occur at a post-binding stage. In polyclonal or clonal CD3-CD16+ NK cells T205 or TA218 mAb were found to reduce by 50-70% the intracellular Ca++ ([Ca++]i) mobilization induced by anti-LFA1 alpha or anti-LFA1 beta mAb. On the other hand, TA218 and T205 mAb did not inhibit the Ca++ mobilization induced by anti-CD16 mAb or phytohemagglutinin, thus suggesting that, in NK cells, CD45 molecules may exert a selective inhibitory effect on the signal transduction mediated by LFA1 molecules. In line with this hypothesis, the cytolytic activity of human NK clones was triggered in the presence of the hybridoma cells secreting either anti-CD16 or anti-LFA1 alpha mAb (as "triggering targets"). This effect of anti-LFA1 alpha, but not of anti-CD16 hybridoma was susceptible to inhibition by the anti-CD45 mAb T205 or TA218. Further, experiments on cloned NK cells indicated that T205 or TA218 mAb induced a strong decrease in the constitutive phosphorylation of the LFA1 alpha chain (but not of HLA class I antigens). Taken together, these studies suggest that in human NK lymphocytes, CD45 molecule may regulate both the activation state and the function of the LFA1 molecule.
Randomized pricing for the optimal coordination of opportunistic agents (2014)

In this work, we study the design of pricing mechanisms for the efficient and stable service of a large consumer base with deferrable demands, as envisioned in future smart electricity and data networks. When users with flexible demand are introduced into such large-scale dynamic markets with dynamic prices, they exhibit opportunistic behavior to minimize their cost per unit amount of service-received. This, in turn, generates highly fluctuating aggregate demand patterns that are destabilizing or costly to serve. To avoid this undesired outcome, we propose a randomized pricing mechanism that preserves the strengths of dynamic pricing in tracking a targeted aggregate demand while preventing the destabilizing effect of opportunistic users. Price randomization creates information asymmetry among consumers, but preserves fairness and also the economic benefits of the consumers. We show that the randomization operation can be captured by augmenting a related utility function to the cost minimization problem. This interesting connection enables the study of the steady-state behavior of our randomized pricing solution through the study of the associated optimization problem. Based on this connection, we investigate key metrics of supplier cost and profit and consumer payments.
Against the Wall (1995)

Official party rules are not the most accurate guide to the reality of party life. The quest for unity is honoured in the breach. Few political parties can afford to alienate existing or potential members by too severe an insistence on compliance with centrally-imposed decisions. Even the single party in a one-party state can encounter difficulty in eliminating factionalism from its affairs; indeed, as in Kenya in the 1970s and Zimbabwe in the 1980s, the indulgence of factions can act as a safety-valve for the maintenance of the régime. But other one-party states, especially those whose rulers feel internationally isolated and grossly unpopular in their own society, dispense altogether with this mechanism. For Saddam Hussein in Iraq, nothing but utter obedience to his command sufficed from the start of his dictatorship.
A Practical Acceleration Algorithm for Real-Time Imaging (2009)

A practical acceleration algorithm for real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented. Neither separate training scans nor embedded training samples are used. The Kalman filter based algorithm provides a fast and causal reconstruction of dynamic MRI acquisitions with arbitrary readout trajectories. The algorithm is tested against abrupt changes in the imaging conditions and offline reconstructions of in vivo cardiac MRI experiments are presented.
Mission impossible? Open architecture ATE (2003)

Summary form only given. A premise behind the open architecture system is to have a single set of hardware and software standards across the test industry, allowing instrumentation to be exchanged between ATE supplier boundaries. This paper asks whether the ATE suppliers will cooperate to set and maintain these standards while maintaining competition, and if not, looks at whether there is a sufficient number of third party suppliers to support multiple open architectures.
Squeezed-light<i>–</i>enhanced polarization interferometer (1987)

Enhancement of the sensitivity of a polarization interferometer beyond the limit set by vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field has been obtained with use of squeezed light generated by a ${\mathrm{KTiOPO}}_{4}$ optical parametric amplifier. The increase in signal-to-noise ratio relative to the shot-noise limit is 2 dB. The corresponding improvement in the response time of the interferometer is measured to be a factor of 1.6.
Miniaturized vacuum gauges (2004)

Due to the rapid advancement in microsystem and micromachining technology in the past several years, the most important common pressure measuring principles have been successfully applied in miniaturized vacuum sensors. In addition to MicroPiranis®, microstructured gas friction gauges and miniaturized capacitance manometers have been developed recently too, whose dimensions are already in the millimeter and partly in the micrometer range. Exceptions in this development are ionization gauges which, due to their basic measuring principle, cannot be arbitrarily miniaturized without substantial restrictions in their operating performance. The article gives a rough summary of the present level of development of selected types of miniaturized vacuum gauges and points out limits and causes for the restricted miniaturizability of certain total pressure vacuum gauges.
Polymyxin B: An ode to an old antidote for endotoxic shock (2005)

Endotoxic shock, a syndrome characterized by deranged hemodynamics, coagulation abnormalities, and multiple system organ failure is caused by the release into the circulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the structurally diverse component of Gram-negative bacterial outer membranes, and is responsible for 60% mortality in humans. Polymyxin B (PMB), a cyclic, cationic peptide antibiotic, neutralizes endotoxin but induces severe side effects in the process. The potent endotoxin neutralizing ability of PMB, however, offers possibilities for designing non-toxic therapeutic agents for combating endotoxicosis. Amongst the numerous approaches for combating endotoxic shock, peptide mediated neutralization of LPS seems to be the most attractive one. The precise mode of binding of PMB to LPS and the structural features involved therein have been elucidated only recently using a variety of biophysical approaches. These suggest that efficient neutralization of endotoxin by PMB is not achieved by mere binding to LPS but requires its sequestration from the membrane. Incorporation of this feature into the design of endotoxin neutralizing peptides should lead to the development of effective antidotes for endotoxic shock.
A Method for Eradication of Mycoplasma Infections in Cell Cultures (1964)

Investigators using cell cultures have become increasingly aware of the problems introduced by parasites such as Mycoplasma. In the past few years many have attempted to eliminate Mycoplasma in tissue cultures, using different methods and with varying degrees of success. Heat treatment (Hayflick (7)), use of specific antiserum (Pollock and Kenny(2)) or antibiotic treatment (Hearn, Officer, Eisner, and Brown(3); Pollock, Kenny and Syverton(4); Koehler(5)) have all been suggested. In our hands these methods have not been consistent, in that they may have been successful only in particular cell lines and with particular strains of Mycoplasma contaminants, or on account of more sensitive methods (Hayflick(l)) used in our laboratory to isolate aerophilic and micro-aerophilic Mycoplasma (Table I). As the morphology of isolates suggested that a variety of Mycoplasma was infecting the screened cell lines, the preparation of polyvalent anti-sera was not considered practical, and it was decided instead to explore fully the usefulness of antibiotic treatment. Simple antibiotic treatment, even at near cytotoxic doses and for periods of up to 5 months, proved only capable of depressing the severity of infection, approximately from 100 or more to 10 or less colonies per million cells, without effecting sterilization (Table I). One obvious difficulty was the fact that Mycoplasma infection can be and usually is an intracellular infection (Edwards and Fogh (6)) : Hayflick and Stinebring(7); Carski and Shepard(8)) . In consequence, antibiotics or specific antisera may have eliminated the Mycoplasma present in culture fluids without affecting those nested inside cells. A possible approach was to increase the permeability of the cells and, of the several possible methods, a simple hypotonic treatment was selected. Materials and Methods. Antibiotic-Hypotonic treatment. Previous studies (Blyth(9); Hearn, Officer, Elsner, and Brown(3); Fogh and Hacker(l0); Pollock, Kenny and Syverton(4); Koehler (5)) indicate that Mycoplasma are highly sensitive to aureomycin
New U.S. synthetic fuel laboratories (1949)

Two basic processes of German origin for converting coal to oil are now under study at the U.S. Bureau of Mines' new $3,500,000 synthetic liquid fuels laboratories and pilot plants at Bruceton, Pennsylvania. The processes being investigated arc the gas synthesis or indirect Fischer-Tropsch process, and the direct hydrogenation of coal or Bergius process. As improved by-the Bureau, these arc complementary rather than competitive processes, and although coal is employed as the raw material in both, the liquid products that each process is best adapted to produce differ, varying from heavy fuel oils to aviation gasoline.
The Calcium Channel Blocker Diltiazem Lowers Serum Parathyroid Hormone Levels<i>in Vivo</i>and<i>in Vitro</i>* (1989)

PTH secretion is inversely related to the extracellular and cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) concentrations and, therefore, might be affected by calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem. To investigate the effects of diltiazem on parathyroid function in vivo, 15 subjects were treated with diltiazem (120-360 mg/day), and 15 subjects were treated with the nonspecific vasodilator hydralazine (75-150 mg/day). Diltiazem lowered serum PTH levels from 1.07 +/- 0.07 to 0.87 +/- 0.07 pg/L (P = 0.001), and increased urinary calcium and decreased urinary phosphate excretion (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively). The hydralazine-treated subjects had no significant differences in any of these parameters. To investigate this effect further, dispersed bovine parathyroid cells were incubated for 2 h with or without diltiazem. Regression analysis of PTH released vs. the concentration of diltiazem (10(-7)-10(-4) mol/L) revealed a significant negative relationship (P less than 0.01) with 40% inhibition of PTH release at 10(-4) mol/L (P less than 0.01). The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, measured using the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2, was significantly increased in the presence of 10(-4) mol/L diltiazem (P less than 0.01). In summary, diltiazem lowered PTH levels in vivo and in vitro, perhaps acting as a Ca2+ channel agonist in the parathyroid cell and inhibiting PTH release through a rise in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration.
State Reduction in Incompletely Specified Finite-State Machines (1973)

The problem of reducing the number of states in an arbitrary incompletely specified deterministic finite-state machine to k states (for a given k) has proven intractible to solution within "reasonable" time; most techniques seem to require exponential time. Two reduction techniques–state assignment to the DON'T CARE entries, and so-called "state splitting"–are investigated. For both of the techniques, the question, "Can I achieve an equivalent k state machine?" is shown to be polynomial complete, with the resulting conjecture that neither is solvable in time bounded by a polynomial function of the size of the machine.
The Nation-State and Global Media (1996)

Abstract The electronic media pervade our daily being, and yet we hardly have a grip on what radio and television mean to the political geography of modern life. Imagery affects loyalties: that has always been known. What has been less clear is that the structure and capacity of communications and the fate of governments are inextricably inter twined. Throughout the world, the organization of broadcasting and the dissemination of television programmers are changing and often radically. The millions of images that float through the public mind help determine the very nature of national allegiances, attitudes to-wards place, family, government, and state. No wonder that in all locales-developed or undeveloped, democracy or dictatorship, transition society or not-the question of the structuring and future regulation of media is so important.
Mechanism of electrical breakdown in SiO2 films (1975)

The breakdown field associated with impact ionization and avalanche is estimated, using simple energy−momentum balance equations, for low−gap semiconductors and for high−gap insulators. Reasonable agreement is obtained in the former case, but estimated fields in the latter case turn out to be nearly an order of magnitude higher than those observed. This suggests that mechanisms other than avalanche are responsible for breakdown in insulators. A mechanism for SiO2 films, based on Fowler−Nordheim injection from a cathodic protuberance, filamentary Joule heating, and activation of mobile positive ions, which enhance the injecting field, is explored. The protuberance is taken to be spheroidal, with a dimension related to the thickness of the film and of order 100 Å. A mechanism for lateral spreading of the initial discharge and subsequent quenching by the substrate resistance gives the extent of the damaged area to be of the observed order in self−healing breakdowns. The breakdown field and its dependence on film thickness are in reasonable agreement with experiment.
Aerodynamic and Mechanical Analyses on Manufacturing Variations of a Turbine Blade Row (2018)

Typical turbine blade design systems are based on parametric studies and engineering experience. Best practices use feedback from manufactured hardware to additionally create producible designs and establish tolerances. Often there is a large gap in understanding of true hardware variation and the ability to describe and analyze it without over simplification. Previously, hardware inspections that feed analyses were limited based on Coordinate Measurement Machines (CMM) point inspection, optical measurements or gages designed to measure specific features. Those details were input into parametric models in an attempt to quantify the impact of hardware variation. Each measurement method has its limitations including accuracy and methodology which can affect the evaluation results. With the advent of 3D scanning, the complex 3D nature of airfoil designs can be described accurately with minimal simplification or assumptions. Actual hardware can be analyzed and assessed for design requirement compliance. In this study, 3D structured light inspection technology is used to assess aerodynamic performance and mechanical durability variation on a statistical sample of actual production hardware. A Honeywell designed auxiliary power unit second stage uncooled turbine rotor was used as a test case for this study. Thirty-five (35) blade castings randomly selected from three different casting mold lots were scanned using structured light to capture manufacturing process variation. The 3D scanning was completed using controls and robust scanning techniques certified for metrology use. Scans were assessed according to manufacturing requirements and correlated to aerodynamic and mechanical requirements using nominal machining geometry based on datum alignments. Analyses were performed using STAR-CCM+ for aerodynamic performance and ANSYS for mechanical durability. The designed nominal geometry was used as a baseline for comparison. HEEDS was used to automate the aerodynamic analysis process — replacing the baseline model with the scanned data, merging the new geometry with the base model, meshing, applying boundary conditions, and solving in remote Linux clusters. The automation process achieved a significant reduction in cycle time from several weeks to a few days. Similarly, the same structured light scan data was used to evaluate mechanical durability in ANSYS. Scan data was aligned to machining datums, boolean cut with nominal CAD machining geometry and directly converted to solid models using SpaceClaim. The solid model was meshed in ANSYS and merged onto the baseline FEA model for solving. Macros were used to automate the analysis process of each part scan and output stresses at critical locations for durability assessment. Using a combination of analytical tools and actual scan hardware, the impact of manufacturing variation could be understood. Integrating scan data directly to analysis reduces engineering assumptions and gives a better understanding of reality.
Nutritional value of acid stabilised silage and liquefied fish protein (1986)

Abstract Fish silage made by a conventional method (pH 4.0) contained a variety of active enzyme systems which not only hydrolysed fish proteins to short peptides and free amino acids, but also caused the degradation of free amino acids to ammonia and other metabolic products. Acid‐stabilised fish silage (pH 2.0) contained only those polypeptides released by endogenous pepsins with only slight accumulation of free amino acids and degradation products. Liquefied fish which was autolysed for less than 1 h at 60°C at physiological pH (6.2–6.6) and then pasteurised and acidified to pH 4.0 contained polypeptides of intermediate length which remained stable. These processes provide a means for adjusting the peptide and free amino acid content of autolysed fish protein to suit the nutritional requirements of a variety of aquatic and terrestrial species.
Reconfigurable patch-antenna design for wideband wireless communication systems (2007)

An effective design of a reconfigurable patch antenna, with a wide operational bandwidth for wireless communication and radar systems, is presented in this paper. The reconfigurable patch possesses an E-shaped structure and its operation frequency can be changed by integrated switches. The operational frequency of the antenna can cover an octave frequency range by utilising only two switch states. In state 1, the antenna operates from 9.2 GHz to 15.0 GHz and, in state 2, from 7.5 GHz to 10.7 GHz. Relative bandwidths of 48% and 35% are obtained in the two states, respectively.
Underplatform Dampers for Turbine Blades: Theoretical Modelling, Analysis and Comparison With Experimental Data (1999)

This paper describes a theoretical model for analysing the dynamic characteristics of wedge-shaped underplatform dampers for turbine blades, with the objective that this model can be used to minimise the need for conducting expensive experiments for optimising such dampers. The theoretical model presented in the paper has several distinct features to achieve this objective including: (i) it makes use of experimentally-measured contact characteristics (hysteresis loops) for description of the basic contact behaviour of a given material combination with representative surface finish, (ii) the damper motion between the blade platform locations is determined according to the motion of the platforms, (iii) three-dimensional damper motion is included in the model, and (iv) normal load variation across the contact surfaces during vibration is included, thereby accommodating contact opening and closing during vibration. A dedicated non-linear vibration analysis program has been developed for this study and predictions have been verified against experimental data obtained from two test rigs. Two cantilever beams were used to simulate turbine blades with real underplatform dampers in the first experiment. The second experiment comprised real turbine blades with real underplatform damper. Correlation of the predictions and the experimental results revealed that the analysis can predict (i) the optimum damping condition, (ii) the amount of response reduction and (iii) the natural frequency shift caused by friction dampers, all with acceptable accuracy. It has also been shown that the most commonly-used underplatform dampers in practice are prone to rolling motion, an effect which reduces the damping in certain modes of vibration usually described as the lower nodal diameter bladed-disc modes.