gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A concept-based model for enhancing text categorization (2007)

Most of text categorization techniques are based on word and/or phrase analysis of the text. Statistical analysis of a term frequency captures the importance of the term within a document only. However, two terms can have the same frequency in their documents, but one term contributes moreto the meaning of its sentences than the other term. Thus, the underlying model should indicate terms that capture these mantics of text. In this case, the model can capture terms that present the concepts of the sentence, which leads todiscover the topic of the document. A new concept-based model that analyzes terms on the sentence and document levels rather than the traditional analysis of document only is introduced. The concept-based model can effectively discriminate between non-important terms with respect to sentence semantics and terms which hold the concepts that represent the sentence meaning. The proposed model consists of concept-based statistical analyzer, conceptual ontological graph representation,and concept extractor. The term which contributes to the sentence semantics is assigned two different weights by the concept-based statistical analyzer and the conceptual ontological graph representation. These two weights are combined into a new weight. The concepts that have maximum combined weights are selected by the concept extractor. A set of experiments using the proposed concept-basedmodel on different datasets in text categorization is conducted. The experiments demonstrate the comparison between traditional weighting and the concept-based weighting obtained by the combined approach of the concept-based statistical analyzer and the conceptual ontological graph. The evaluation of results is relied on two quality measures, the Macro-averaged F1 and the Error rate. These quality measures are improved when the newly developedconcept-based model is used to enhance the quality of thetext categorization.
Representation of Time-Varying Nonlinear Systems With Time-Varying Principal Dynamic Modes (2007)

System identification of nonlinear time-varying (TV) systems has been a daunting task, as the number of parameters required for accurate identification is often larger than the number of data points available, and scales with the number of data points. Further, a 3-D graphical representation of TV second-order nonlinear dynamics without resorting to taking slices along one of the four axes has been a significant challenge to date. In this paper, we present a TV principal dynamic mode (TVPDM) method which overcomes these deficiencies. The TVPDM, by design, reduces one dimension, and by projecting PDM coefficients onto a set of basis functions, both nonstationary and nonlinear dynamics can be characterized. Another significant advantage of the TVPDM is its ability to discriminate the signal from noise dynamics, and provided that signal dynamics are orthogonal to each other, it has the capability to separate them. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated with computer simulation examples comprised of various forms of nonstationarity and nonlinearity. The application of the TVPDM to the human heart rate and arterial blood pressure data during different postures is also presented and the results reveal significant nonstationarity even for short-term data recordings. The newly developed method has the potential to be a very useful tool for characterizing nonlinear TV systems, which has been a significant, challenging problem to date.
Efficient Approach to Unique Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Discovery (1999)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most frequently found DNA sequence variations in the human genome. It has been argued that a dense set of SNP markers can be used to identify genetic factors associated with complex disease traits. Because all high-throughput genotyping methods require precise sequence knowledge of the SNPs, any SNP discovery approach must involve both the determination of DNA sequence and allele frequencies. Furthermore, high-throughput genotyping also requires a genomic DNA amplification step, making it necessary to develop sequence-tagged sites (STSs) that amplify only the DNA fragment containing the SNP and nothing else from the rest of the genome. In this report, we demonstrate the utility of a SNP-screening approach that yields the DNA sequence and allele frequency information while screening out duplications with minimal cost and effort. Our approach is based on the use of a homozygous complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) as the reference. With this homozygous reference, one can identify and estimate the allele frequencies of common SNPs with a pooled DNA-sequencing approach (rather than having to sequence numerous individuals as is commonly done). More importantly, the CHM reference is preferable to a single individual reference because it reveals readily any duplicated regions of the genome amplified by the PCR assay before the duplicated sequences are found in GenBank. This approach reduces the cost of SNP discovery by 60% and eliminates the costly development of SNP markers that cannot be amplified uniquely from the genome.
CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures (2016)

NCBI's Conserved Domain Database (CDD) aims at annotating biomolecular sequences with the location of evolutionarily conserved protein domain footprints, and functional sites inferred from such footprints. An archive of pre-computed domain annotation is maintained for proteins tracked by NCBI's Entrez database, and live search services are offered as well. CDD curation staff supplements a comprehensive collection of protein domain and protein family models, which have been imported from external providers, with representations of selected domain families that are curated in-house and organized into hierarchical classifications of functionally distinct families and sub-families. CDD also supports comparative analyses of protein families via conserved domain architectures, and a recent curation effort focuses on providing functional characterizations of distinct subfamily architectures using SPARCLE:
Sample gating in open tubular and packed capillaries for high-speed liquid chromatography (1991)

A new liquid chromatography instrument is described that employs small-diameter capillary columns and an optically controlled sample gating procedure to separate a mixture of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled amines in as few as 6 s. Efficiency of the separation, expressed as the number of theoretical plates, is observed to increase linearly with column length and thus analysis time. The combination of short analysis time and automated sample introduction allows signal averaging to be used to enhance the precision of the measurement.
Neural Networks for Estimation of Hematocrit Density from Transduced Current Curve Patterns (2008)

The hematocrit is an important factor for clinical decision marking and the most highly influencing factor for measurement of glucose values in the whole blood by handheld devices. This paper presents the use of neural network for hematocrit estimation from the transduced anodic current curves produced by glucose-oxidase reaction in electrochemical biosensors which is used in glucose measurements. The neural network used in this paper is a single hidden-layer feedforward neural network (SLFN) trained with the derived output values collected from accurately measured values by a hospital analysis system. This method can obtain an acceptable result that can be used to reduce the dependency of hematocrit in the further steps for the measurement of glucose values in the whole blood.
ACCURACY OF PREDICTING OCCURRENCE OF GREENING IN TUNA BASED ON CONTENT OF TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE (1971)

SUMMARY– To predict green tuna after cooking, a practical measurement to select green tuna using 100 pieces of iced and clipper‐frozen yellowfin tuna was discussed. The most suitable sampling portions, the lowest level of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and the total trimethylamine content (TTMA) in tuna muscles were examined. It was recognized that the prediction of green tuna after cooking would be possible by determining TTMA content at the superficial layer of the central dorsal raw muscle (E portion). The lowest level of TMAO‐N was 8–9 mg%, and that of TTMA‐N was 11–12 mg% in an iced and 9 mg% in a clipper‐frozen green tuna. The predictive measurement accuracy was 96% on the lowest level of TMAO‐N or TTMA‐N.
Determination of amino acids and nitrates in soils: amino acids, ammonia and nitrates in manured and limed soil (1915)

In view of the fact that no data had ever been obtained on the quantitative relationships of the organic material in the soil by such methods as would preclude a chemical transformation, two things seemed desirable, in continuing the humus investigations at the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station. First, to attempt the analysis of the organic material of the soil without subjecting it to hydrolysis or other chemical change, and second, to correlate the proportionate quantities of the compounds or classes of compounds found with the kind of soil, its history, treatment, fertility, etc.
Bond fixation in annulenes. 15. A titanium(0)-mediated synthesis of a cyclooctatetraene. Probe of the relative size of the interstitial phenyl substituent in 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenylcyclooctatetraene by means of racemization kinetics (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBond fixation in annulenes. 15. A titanium(0)-mediated synthesis of a cyclooctatetraene. Probe of the relative size of the interstitial phenyl substituent in 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenylcyclooctatetraene by means of racemization kineticsLeo A. Paquette, John M. Gardlik, Kevin J. McCullough, and Yuji HanzawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 26, 7644–7648Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00364a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00364a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prostate-related antigen-derived new peptides having the capacity of inducing prostate cancer-reactive CTLs in HLA-A2+ prostate cancer patients (2004)

Prostate-related antigens, including prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), can be targets in specific immunotherapy for prostate cancer. In this study, we attempted to newly identify epitope peptides from these 2 antigens, which are immunogenic in human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2+ prostate cancer patients. Twenty-nine peptides (PSMA with 15 and PAP with 14) were prepared based on the HLA-A2 binding motif. Based on our previous finding that antigenic peptides recognized by both cellular and humoral immune systems are useful for peptide-based immunotherapy, peptide candidates were screened first by their ability to be recognized by immunoglobulin G (IgG), and then by their ability to induce peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). As a result, PSMA441-450 and PAP112-120 peptides were found to be frequently recognized by IgG in plasma from prostate cancer patients. These 2 candidates effectively induced HLA-A2-restricted and prostate cancer-reactive CTLs in HLA-A2+ prostate cancer patients with several HLA-A2 subtypes. In addition, their cytotoxicity was mainly dependent on peptide-specific and CD8+ T cells. These results indicate that these PSMA441-450 and PAP112-120 peptides could be promising candidates for peptide-based immunotherapy for HLA-A2(+) prostate cancer.
Role of lymphography in carcinoma of the prostate. (1975)

The results of bilateral pedal lymphography in 83 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland are presented. The patients were divided into two groups: 45 new cases and 38 late or old cases presenting several years after the onset of the disease. Altogether 25 of the new patients and 29 of the late patients had lymphographic evidence of lymph node metastases. The lymphogram results in relation to local tumour size, histological grade, the presence of skeletal metastases, and acid phosphatase levels are discussed. Of the new patients with T1 and T2 tumors--that is, those still localized within the prostatic capsule--41% had positive lymphograms. The inaccuracy of acid phosphatase estimations in detecting early extraprostatic spread is shown and compared with the greater accuracy of lymphography. Lymphography should be used as an initial investigation in all cases where aggressive therapy is being considered, and the importance of regular follow-up radiographs is emphasized.
Type III intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloadditions of vinylketenes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTType III intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloadditions of vinylketenesBarry B. Snider, Alban J. Allentoff, and Yashwant S. KulkarniCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 22, 5320–5328Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00257a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00257a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views594Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A deep learning based framework for accurate segmentation of cervical cytoplasm and nuclei (2014)

In this paper, a superpixel and convolution neural network (CNN) based segmentation method is proposed for cervical cancer cell segmentation. Since the background and cytoplasm contrast is not relatively obvious, cytoplasm segmentation is first performed. Deep learning based on CNN is explored for region of interest detection. A coarse-to-fine nucleus segmentation for cervical cancer cell segmentation and further refinement is also developed. Experimental results show that an accuracy of 94.50% is achieved for nucleus region detection and a precision of 0.9143±0.0202 and a recall of 0.8726±0.0008 are achieved for nucleus cell segmentation. Furthermore, our comparative analysis also shows that the proposed method outperforms the related methods.
Secretion of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Patients with Bile Duct Obstruction (1995)

Intraluminal bile alone does not stimulate the secretion of GIP, but it promotes GIP secretion in response to fat ingestion.
Test width compression for built-in self testing (2002)

We present a method for designing test generator circuits (TGCs) that incorporate a precomputed test set to in the patterns they produce. Our method uses width compression based on the property of d-compatibles, which allows us to encode to more efficiently than previous methods that use only compatibles and inverse compatibles. The TGC consists of a counter, which generates a set of encoded test patterns, and a decompression circuit consisting of simple binary decoders that generate a final sequence containing T/sub D/. These TGCs are applicable to embedded-core circuits whose detailed designs are not available. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by presenting experimental results for the ISCAS 85 and ISCAS CAS 89 benchmark circuits.
Approximate Dynamic Programming For Linear Systems with State and Input Constraints (2019)

Enforcing state and input constraints during reinforcement learning (RL) in continuous state spaces is an open but crucial problem which remains a roadblock to using RL in safety-critical applications. This paper leverages invariant sets to update control policies within an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) framework that guarantees constraint satisfaction for all time and converges to the optimal policy (in a linear quadratic regulator sense) asymptotically. An algorithm for implementing the proposed constrained ADP approach in a data-driven manner is provided. The potential of this formalism is demonstrated via numerical examples.
High-Performance Electron Acceptor with Thienyl Side Chains for Organic Photovoltaics (2016)

We develop an efficient fused-ring electron acceptor (ITIC-Th) based on indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene core and thienyl side-chains for organic solar cells (OSCs). Relative to its counterpart with phenyl side-chains (ITIC), ITIC-Th shows lower energy levels (ITIC-Th: HOMO = -5.66 eV, LUMO = -3.93 eV; ITIC: HOMO = -5.48 eV, LUMO = -3.83 eV) due to the σ-inductive effect of thienyl side-chains, which can match with high-performance narrow-band-gap polymer donors and wide-band-gap polymer donors. ITIC-Th has higher electron mobility (6.1 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) than ITIC (2.6 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) due to enhanced intermolecular interaction induced by sulfur-sulfur interaction. We fabricate OSCs by blending ITIC-Th acceptor with two different low-band-gap and wide-band-gap polymer donors. In one case, a power conversion efficiency of 9.6% was observed, which rivals some of the highest efficiencies for single junction OSCs based on fullerene acceptors.
Douglas-fir root-associated microorganisms with inhibitory activity towards fungal plant pathogens and human bacterial pathogens (1996)

A microbial culture collection composed of 1820 bacterial strains, including 298 actinomycete strains, was established from the roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings harvested from conifer nurseries and forest sites. Two hundred and thirty-four strains inhibited the growth of Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon, and (or) Pythium spp. in in vitro assays. A significantly greater proportion of bacterial strains from actinomycete genera exhibited antifungal properties compared with bacterial strains from nonactinomycete genera. Eighty-nine percent of identified inhibitory strains were Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, or Burkholderia species. The actinomycete species were isolated almost exclusively from forest seedlings. Recovery of inhibitory strains representing 29 microbial species was enhanced using a variety of methods to isolate microorganisms from the roots of seedlings from nursery and forest sites. Bacterial strains (including actinomycete strains) with antifungal activity were tested for in vitro growth inhibition of six clinical human bacterial pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Forty-eight percent of the tested strains inhibited one or more human pathogens, Inhibitory activity towards fungal and bacterial pathogens was strain specific, not species specific, and many inhibitory strains exhibited broad-spectrum activity. Strains with antifungal activity against several conifer root pathogens were also more likely to inhibit multiple species of clinical bacterial pathogens.
Cis reduction of acetylenes by organocopper reagents (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCis reduction of acetylenes by organocopper reagentsJack K. Crandall and Francois CollongesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 26, 4089–4092Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00888a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00888a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 3-Vppd 730-mW Linear Driver IC Using InP HBTs for Advanced Optical Modulations (2013)

This paper presents a 3-Vppd 730-mW linear optical modulator driver IC for advanced modulations suitable for optical communications systems operating at 100-Gb/b/ch and beyond. The driver was designed and fabricated using 0.5-um-emitter InP HBT technology, which yields a peak ft of 290 GHz, a peak f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 320 GHz, and BVceo of approximately 4 V. The linear driver has a two-stage lumped configuration comprising a variable-gain amplifier (VGA) and an output cascode amplifier. It provides linear differential output amplitude of up to 3 Vppd and consumes only 730 mW. It has a large bandwidth of 37.8 GHz and a maximum differential gain of 16.2 dB with 6-dB variable gain range. Total harmonic distortion (THD) is as low as 1.2% at 1 GHz and better than 3.8% up to 16 GHz. The driver provides very clear binary and multilevel output and can be applied to optical transmissions of 100-Gb/s/ch and beyond.
Nematode electrocution. (1970)

The effects of electric shock on Panagrellus redivivus adults and larvae and Meloidogyne incognita acrita larvae were studied. The nematodes were placed in tap water between two stainless steel electrodes, spaced 2 mm apart and cemented to a glass slide. Electric potentials of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 60 vdc/mm and vac/mm were applied for periods of 1 sec to 5 rain at 0.05 to 77 ma. The results demonstrated that ac or dc electric shocks as low as 5 v/mm for larvae and 10 v/mm for adults can be lethal. Some larvae and eggs within the body of P. redivivus females were not affected at 600 v/ram. Potentials of 20 and 60 vdc/mm for 2-sec stimulated hatch of Meloidogyne eggs.