gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Osteogenic Differentiation and Mineralization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Composite Nanofibers Containing Poly[lactic‐<i>co</i>‐(glycolic acid)] and Hydroxyapatite (2009)

We fabricated composite fibrous scaffolds from blends of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) via electrospinning. SEM-EDX and AFM analysis demonstrated that HA was homogeneously dispersed in the nanofibers, and the roughness increased along with the amount of incorporated HA. When hMSCs were cultured on these PLGA/HA composite nanofibers, we found that incorporation of HA on the nanofibers did not affect cell viability whereas increased ALP activity and expression of osteogenic genes as well as the calcium mineralization of hMSCs. Our results indicate that the composite nanofibers can be offered as a potential bone regenerative biomaterial for stem cell based therapies.
Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions in Unfrozen, Noncellular Systems at Subzero Temperatures (1979)

Methods used to determine the effects of both cryosolvents and low temperatures on the catalytic and structural properties of enzymes are detailed, along with representative results. Observed effects of subzero temperatures on the structure of enzymes include increased association of oligomers, minor temperature-induced structural changes, and in most cases no detectable effects. Examples demonstrating the very good correspondence between the kinetics observed at subzero temperatures and those for the corresponding reaction techniques, are given. Systems illustrating changes in the rate-determining step and ΔH with a decrease in temperature, and the potential of cryoenzymology to provide details about individual intermediates and their interconversions during catalysis, are presented.
Electrospray deposition of fullerenes in ultra-high vacuum:<i>in situ</i>scanning tunneling microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy (2007)

Electrospray deposition of fullerenes on gold has been successfully observed by in situ room temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy. Step-edge decoration and hexagonal close-packed islands with a periodicity of 1 nm are observed at low and multilayer coverages respectively, in agreement with thermal evaporation studies. Photoemission spectroscopy shows that fullerenes are being deposited in high purity and are coupling to the gold surface as for thermal evaporation. These results open a new route for the deposition of thermally labile molecules under ultra-high vacuum conditions for a range of high resolution surface science techniques.
Hemp Sesbania (<i>Sesbania exaltata</i>) Competition in Soybeans (<i>Glycine max</i>) (1979)

The competitive effects of hemp sesbania [ Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory] on soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Forrest’] were studied on Sharkey clay for 2 yr. In full-season competition, hemp sesbania populations of 1,600, 3,200, 3,900, and 5,500 plants/ha did not reduce adjusted soybean yields, but populations of 8,100 to 129,200 plants/ha reduced yields 10 to 80%. Competition by hemp sesbania at 68,000 plants/ha for 1 to 4 weeks after soybean emergence reduced soybean yields 8% or less, whereas competition by the same population for 6, 8, and 10 weeks after soybean emergence reduced adjusted yields 18, 27, and 43%, respectively. Hemp sesbania populations of 3,200 plants/ha or more reduced the grade of harvested soybeans and populations of 5,500 plants/ha increased the level of foreign material found in seed samples taken at harvest. Hemp sesbania populations above 10,700 plants/ha increased the levels of damaged kernels and moisture in harvested soybean seed. Early-season control was required for highest soybean yields and total returns. The most critical period for control was 4 to 10 weeks after emergence of soybeans.
Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab in Advanced, Programmed Death Ligand 1–Positive Cervical Cancer: Results From the Phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 Trial (2017)

Purpose The KEYNOTE-028 trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02054806) was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab in 20 programmed death ligand 1-positive, advanced solid tumor cohorts. Here, we present the results from the cohort of patients with advanced cervical cancer. Methods Patients were treated with pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for up to 24 months. Response was assessed every 8 weeks for the first 6 months and every 12 weeks thereafter. The primary end point was overall response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, by investigator review. Safety was a secondary end point. Results Twenty-four patients were enrolled in the cervical cancer cohort. The median age was 42 years (range, 26 to 62 years), 22 patients (92%) had received prior radiation therapy, and 15 patients (63%) had received two or more lines of therapy, including bevacizumab (10 of 24 patients), for advanced disease. At the data cutoff, median follow-up duration was 11.0 months (range, 1.3 to 32.2 months). Overall response rate was 17% (95% CI, 5% to 37%); four patients (17%) achieved a confirmed partial response, and three patients (13%) had stable disease. Median duration of response for the four patients who achieved a partial response was 5.4 months (4.1 to 7.5 months). Treatment related adverse events (AEs) were experienced by 18 patients (75%); only rash (n = 5; 21%) and pyrexia (n = 4; 17%) and occurred in ≥ 10% of patients. Five patients experienced grade 3 treatment-related AEs. No grade 4 treatment-related AEs or deaths were observed. Conclusion In patients with programmed death ligand 1-positive advanced cervical cancer, pembrolizumab demonstrated antitumor activity and exhibited a safety profile consistent with that seen in other tumor types.
Bone bonding ability of an apatite‐coated polymer produced using a biomimetic method: A mechanical and histological study in vivo (1996)

A 20-μm thick apatite layer was coated onto polyethersulfone (PES) rectangular plates by soaking them in simulated body fluid containing CaO-SiO2 based glass powder. Coated and uncoated PES plates (10 × 15 × 1.5 mm) were implanted in the tibiae of rabbits, which were sacrificed 8, 16, and 30 weeks thereafter, and the samples were examined histologically using contact microradiography (CMR), Giemsa surface staining, and a scanning electron microscope connected to an electron probe microanalyzer (SEM-EPMA). The tensile failure loads at the bone/implant interfaces were determined using the detaching test. The histological examinations showed excellent bone apposition on coated PES and the sign of degradation of the apatite layer at remodeling lacunae. The apatite layer underwent complete resorption and was replaced by bone in most areas of the bone/implant interface after 30 weeks. Bone did not bond directly to uncoated PES after each follow-up period. The failure loads between bone and coated PES at 8, 16, and 30 weeks after implantation were 1.17 ± 0.35, 2.36 ± 0.53, and 1.45 ± 0.48 kg, respectively. Those between bone and uncoated PES were nearly 0 kg at each postimplantation period. Failure during the detaching test occurred at the bone/apatite interface or near it after 8 weeks. After 16 weeks, it usually occurred at the apatite/PES interface or near it, and occasionally in the middle of the apatite layer. The apatite layer was hardly detected at the failured interface after 30 weeks. In this study, an apatite-coated PES produced using a biomimetic method was demonstrated to bond directly to bone without any intervening soft tissue, which indicates that this material possesses excellent bioactivity. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Microliter Samples in Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry (1982)

Abstract A batch type ultrasonic nebulizer is constructed for 300-μl samples to produce an aerosol for more than 60 s. Desolvation facilities are not used. The internal standard method is employed to compensate for the instability of nebulization.
Murinization and H Chain Isotype Matching of the Anti-GITR Antibody DTA-1 Reduces Immunogenicity-Mediated Anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 Mice (2017)

Recent advances in immuno-oncology have shown that the immune system can be activated to induce long-term, durable antitumor responses. For immuno-oncology drug development, immune activation is often explored using rat Abs in immunocompetent mouse models. Although these models can be used to show efficacy, antidrug immune responses to experimental protein-based therapeutics can arise. Immunogenicity of surrogate Abs may therefore represent an important obstacle to the evaluation of the antitumor efficacy of immunomodulator Abs in syngeneic models. A recent publication has shown that anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein agonistic Ab DTA-1 (rat or murinized IgG2a) can induce the development of anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 mice upon repeated i.p. dosing because of an anti-idiotypic anti-drug Ab immune response. This study was undertaken to address the impact of the immunogenicity derived from the Fc and variable domains. To this end, chimerized (rat V domains/mouse constant regions) and murinized (95% mouse sequence) DTA-1-based surrogate Abs with a murine IgG2c H chain isotype were created. Chimerization and murinization of DTA-1 did not affect receptor binding and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein-induced T cell agonistic properties. Similar in vivo antitumor efficacy and intratumoral CD8<sup>+</sup>/regulatory T cells were also observed. Finally, treatment of C57BL/6 mice with the chimerized and murinized DTA-1 Abs on a C57BL/6-matched IgG2c isotype resulted in reduced development and severity of anaphylaxis as measured by decline of body temperature, behavioral effects, serum IL-4, IgE, and anti-drug Ab levels. These results suggest that careful murinization and selection of a strain-matched H chain isotype are critical to generate ideal surrogate Abs for testing immuno-oncology mechanisms in vivo.
Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanowire and Nanotube Arrays within a Mesoporous Silica Template (2003)

Metallic nanowires of cobalt, copper, and iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4) have been synthesized within the pores of mesoporous silica using a supercritical fluid inclusion technique. The mesoporous matrix provides a means of producing a high density of stable, hexagonally ordered arrays of highly crystalline nanowires. The formation of the metal and metal oxide nanowires within the silica mesopores was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption experiments, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The mechanism of nanowire formation within the mesopores appears to occur through the initial binding and coating of the pore walls with the metal atoms to form tubelike structures within the mesoporous template. The thickness of these tubes subsequently increases with further metal deposition until nanowires are formed. Additionally, the crystal structure of the cobalt nanowires formed within the mesoporous template can be readily changed by manipulating the density of the supercritical fluid phase.
All-optical switching using Kerr effect in a silica toroid microcavity (2014)

We demonstrate experimentally an all-optical switching operation using the Kerr effect in a silica toroid microcavity. Thanks to the small mode volume and high quality factor of the silica toroid microcavity, we achieved on-chip optical Kerr switching with an input power of 2 mW. This value is the smallest among all previously reported on-chip optical Kerr switches. We also show that this value can be reduced to a few tens of μW by employing a mode with a Q factor of > 2 × 10⁷.
Laser light scattering in turbid media Part I: Experimental and simulated results for the spatial intensity distribution (2007)

We investigate the scattering and multiple scattering of a typical laser beam (lambda = 800 nm) in the intermediate scattering regime. The turbid media used in this work are homogeneous solutions of monodisperse polystyrene spheres in distilled water. The two-dimensional distribution of light intensity is recorded experimentally, and calculated via Monte Carlo simulation for both forward and side scattering. The contribution of each scattering order to the total detected light intensity is quantified for a range of different scattering phase functions, optical depths, and detection acceptance angles. The Lorentz-Mie scattering phase function for individual particles is varied by using different sphere diameters (D = 1 and 5 mum). The optical depth of the turbid medium is varied (OD = 2, 5, and 10) by employing different concentrations of polystyrene spheres. Detection angles of theta(a) = 1.5 degrees and 8.5 degrees are considered. A novel approach which realistically models the experimental laser source is employed in this paper, and very good agreement between the experimental and simulated results is demonstrated. The data presented here can be of use to validate any other modern Monte Carlo models which generate spatially resolved light intensity distributions. Finally, an effective correction procedure to the Beer-Lambert law is proposed based on the Monte Carlo calculation of the ballistic photon contribution to the total detected light intensity.
Catching a Glimpse of the Future: One Year on in a Youth String Project. (2016)

The provision of musical experiences for youth, especially in low socio-economic areas (SES), requires funded support and imaginative resourcing. This paper presents data from the Penrith (NSW Australia) Youth String Program offered in partnership by the Australian Chamber Orchestra (ACO), Penrith Symphony Orchestra (PSO) and The Joan Sutherland Performing Arts Centre (The Joan) over a period commencing in 2015-2016. The current context for young musicians in the locality is one of inequitable distribution of educational resources and access to knowledge. Consequently, this research is framed by Opportunity to Learn theory. The program has been designed to encourage young string players in the Penrith area through a program of guided rehearsals and tutorials. The evaluation plan incorporates the following data: student practice logs; and student, parent and tutor focus groups as well as site visit observations to capture information about the quality of program implementation. This paper reports on the research question: What did the participants gain from their involvement in the program? Findings demonstrate that the participants developed both skills in performance and expressive ensemble playing. Implications are that the program has encouraged the students to be aware of their own progress and to develop personal goals, whether they are to play a challenging piece of music well or to imagine a future in professional music making. The impact of the carefully spaced rehearsals in the program, the combination of local and visiting tutors and the development of personal goals suggest avenues for future research.
Low-Birefringence Thermally and Environmentally Stable Slab Waveguide Planarized by Hot Embossing (2004)

Slab optical waveguides made of “hot-embossing-able” phenyl and methyl silsesquioxane were fabricated. A wide range of refractive index control, from 1.46 to 1.56 at 0.63 µm was attained with high-precision controllability of precursor composition, ±0.5×10 -3 . A low birefringence, less than 7×10 -4 , was obtained. Despite the low birefringence, the refractive index of the waveguide was constant after heating at 200°C in an oxidizing atmosphere for 500 h. No difference in refractive index against the prolonged exposure of damp heating at 90°C and 90% relative humidity for 780 h was obtained. Radiative striation due to spin coating was successfully eliminated with planarization of the waveguide with hot embossment using a planar mold. The propagation loss of the planarized slab waveguide was measured to be less than 0.10 dB/cm at 0.63 µm of the transverse-electric mode. This material is considered to be suited for use in a cost-effective waveguide device.
Unleashing the Power and Energy of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>-Based Redox Flow Lithium Battery with a Bifunctional Redox Mediator (2017)

Redox flow batteries, despite great operation flexibility and scalability for large-scale energy storage, suffer from low energy density and relatively high cost as compared to the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. Here we report a redox flow lithium battery, which operates via the redox targeting reactions of LiFePO<sub>4</sub> with a bifunctional redox mediator, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, and presents superb energy density as the Li-ion battery and system flexibility as the redox flow battery. The battery has achieved a tank energy density as high as 1023 Wh/L, power density of 61 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, and voltage efficiency of 91%. Operando X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements were conducted to monitor the evolution of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>, which provides insightful information on the redox targeting process, critical to the device operation and optimization.
Development and Implementation of a Path-Following Algorithm for an Autonomous Vehicle (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the development and implementation of an accurate and repeatable path-following algorithm focused ultimately on vehicle testing. A compact, lightweight, and portable hardware package allows easy installation and negligible impact on the vehicle mass, even for the smallest automobile. Innovative features include the ability to generate a smooth, evenly-spaced path vector regardless the quality of the given path. The algorithm proposed in this work is suitable for testing in a controlled environment. The system was evaluated in simulation and performed well in road tests at low speeds.</div>
Water distribution systems event detection (2012)

Since the events of 9/11 2001 in the US the world public awareness to possible terrorist attacks on water supply systems has increased dramatically, causing the security of drinking water distribution systems to become a major concern around the globe. Among the different threats, a deliberate chemical or biological contaminant injection is the most difficult to address, both as a consequence of the uncertainty surrounding the type of the injected contaminant and its consequences, as well as the uncertainty of location and time of the injection. In principle, a pollutant can be injected at any water distribution system connection (node) using a pump or a mobile pressurized tank. Although backflow preventers provide an obstacle to such actions, they do not exist at all connections, and at some might not be functional. This paper describes recent effort modeling of Avi Ostfeld's research team on water distribution systems event detection. The basic event detection framework is entitled AEDA (Aquatic Event Detection Algorithm) which utilizes Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for studying the interactions between multivariate water quality parameters and detecting possible outliers. Other layers on top of AEDA explore tradeoffs among contamination event parameters and improving its performance capabilities. Those and AEDA are reviewed in this paper.
Azido- and Ethynyl-Substituted2,2′:6′,2′′-Terpyridines asSuitable Substrates for Click Reactions (2009)

The click reaction of azido- and ethynyl-functionalized terpyridines has been exploited to obtain a series of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-substituted terpyridines. This protocol was extended towards the synthesis of terpyridine-based macroligands via end group modification of ethynyl-functionalized polymers. Finally, the combination of two orthogonal terpyridines within one click reaction highlights the potential of this approach with respect to the preparation of new building blocks for supramolecular assemblies and functional materials.
Object localization by Bayesian correlation (1999)

Maximisation of cross correlation is a commonly used principle for intensity based object localization that gives a single estimate of location. However, to facilitate sequential inference (e.g. over time or scale) and to allow the representation of ambiguity, it is desirable to represent an entire probability distribution for object location. Although the cross correlation itself (or some function of it) has sometimes been treated as a probability distribution, this is not generally justifiable. Bayesian correlation achieves a consistent probabilistic treatment by combining several developments. The first is the interpretation of correlation matching functions in probabilistic terms, as observation likelihoods. Second, probability distributions of filter bank responses are learned from training examples. Inescapably, response learning also demands statistical modelling of background intensities, and there are links here with image coding and Independent Component Analysis. Lastly, multi scale processing is achieved in a Bayesian context by means of a new algorithm, layered sampling, for which asymptotic properties are derived.
High Island A-343 "A" and "B": A Case History of Offshore Platform Abandonment and Artificial Reef Planning (1989)

Abstract Two obsolete offshore platforms were removed from the sea floor using explosives, towed from Texas OCS waters, and toppled in West Cameron 616, offshore Louisiana, creating an artificial reef and fish habitat to benefit recreational and commercial fishermen. The paper describes the planning, engineering, permitting and operational activities for the first structures donated to the Louisiana Artificial Reef Program from outside one of their reef planning areas and among the first structures abandoned under the limitations of the "Generic Consultation" issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service under the Endangered Species Act.
Volatile organic compounds and isoprene oxidation products at a temperate deciduous forest site (1998)

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and their role in atmospheric oxidant formation were investigated at a forest site near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, as part of the Nashville Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) in July 1995. Of 98 VOCs detected, a major fraction were anthropogenic VOCs such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), alkanes, alkenes and aromatic compounds. Isoprene was the dominant BVOC during daytime. Primary products from BVOC oxidation were methylvinylketone, methacrolein and 3‐methylfuran. Other compounds studied include the BVOCs α‐pinene, camphene, β‐pinene, p ‐cymene, limonene and cis ‐3‐hexenyl acetate and a series of light alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and seven of the CFCs. The correlation of meteorological parameters, with the mixing ratios of these different compounds, reveals information on atmospheric oxidation processes and transport. Long‐lived VOCs show very steady mixing ratio time series. Regionally and anthropogenically emitted VOCs display distinct diurnal cycles with a strong mixing ratio decrease in the morning from the breakup of the nocturnal boundary layer. Nighttime mixing ratio increases of CFCs and anthropogenic VOCs are suspected to derive from emissions within the Knoxville urban area into the shallow nocturnal boundary layer. In contrast, the time series of BVOCs and their oxidation products are determined by a combination of emission control, atmospheric oxidation and deposition, and boundary layer dynamics. Mixing ratio time series data for monoterpenes and cis ‐3‐hexenyl acetate suggest a temporarily emission rate increase during and after heavy rain events. The isoprene oxidation products demonstrate differences in the oxidation pathways during night and day and in their dry and wet deposition rates.