gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical quadratic programming: Fast online humanoid-robot motion generation (2014)

Hierarchical least-square optimization is often used in robotics to inverse a direct function when multiple incompatible objectives are involved. Typical examples are inverse kinematics or dynamics. The objectives can be given as equalities to be satisfied (e.g. point-to-point task) or as areas of satisfaction (e.g. the joint range). This paper proposes a complete solution to solve multiple least-square quadratic problems of both equality and inequality constraints ordered into a strict hierarchy. Our method is able to solve a hierarchy of only equalities 10 times faster than the iterative-projection hierarchical solvers and can consider inequalities at any level while running at the typical control frequency on whole-body size problems. This generic solver is used to resolve the redundancy of humanoid robots while generating complex movements in constrained environments.
Insights into the Geobacillus stearothermophilus species based on phylogenomic principles (2017)

The traditional polyphasic approach of combining both genotypic and phenotypic characteristics to define a bacterial species could not be used for G. stearothermophilus where many phenotypic characteristics vary within this taxon. Further evidence of this discordant use of phenotypic traits was provided by analysis of the accessory genome, where the dairy strains contained a putative lac operon. Based on the findings from this study, we recommend that novel bacterial species should be defined using a core genome approach.
A C-band tunable oscillator based on complementary coupled resonator using substrate integrated waveguide cavity (2014)

A low cost, fully planar tunable oscillator with a low phase noise, high DC-RF conversion efficiency for C-band is presented in this work. The proposed oscillator utilizes a novel complementary coupled resonator based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) that has a broad tuning range of 8.84% relative bandwidth, and thereby achieves a continuous tuning oscillation range from 4.85 GHz to 5.1 GHz, or a 5.15% relative bandwidth of the proposed tunable oscillator with a low phase noise of -115.2 dBc/Hz and a DC-RF conversion efficiency of 19%.
Phoenix: automated data-driven synthesis of repairs for static analysis violations (2019)

Traditional automatic program repair (APR) tools rely on a test-suite as a repair specification. But test suites even when available are not of specification quality, limiting the performance and hence viability of test-suite based repair. On the other hand, static analysis-based bug finding tools are seeing increasing adoption in industry but still face challenges since the reported violations are viewed as not easily actionable. We propose a novel solution that solves both these challenges through a technique for automatically generating high-quality patches for static analysis violations by learning from examples. Our approach uses the static analyzer as an oracle and does not require a test suite. We realize our solution in a system, Phoenix, that implements a fully-automated pipeline that mines and cleans patches for static analysis violations from the wild, learns generalized executable repair strategies as programs in a novel Domain Specific Language (DSL), and then instantiates concrete repairs from them on new unseen violations. Using Phoenix we mine a corpus of 5,389 unique violations and patches from 517 Github projects. In a cross-validation study on this corpus Phoenix successfully produced 4,596 bug-fixes, with a recall of 85% and a precision of 54%. When applied to the latest revisions of a further5 Github projects, Phoenix produced 94 correct patches to previously unknown bugs, 19 of which have already been accepted and merged by the development teams. To the best of our knowledge this constitutes, by far the largest application of any automatic patch generation technology to large-scale real-world systems
Study on the Method for Determination of the Particle Size of Liposome Amphotericin B (2004)

Objective:To establish the method for the determination of the particle size of liposome amphotericin B. Method:Determination of the particle size of liposome Amphotericin B by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and the laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer. Results:Particle size of liposome amphotericin B is 20-100 nm and the average size is 55 - 75 nm, which are determined by electron microscopy; the particle size of liposome amphotericin B is 30 -200 nm and the average size is 50 - 180 nm,which are determined by laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer. Conclusion: The laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer is rapid,simple and accurate for the determination of the particle size of liposome amphotericin B.
Stabilizing nickel-rich layered cathode materials by a high-charge cation doping strategy: zirconium-doped LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (2016)

The high charge-state dopant Zr<sup>4+</sup> improves the structural stability and electrochemical behavior of the lithiated transition metal oxide LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.
Response of Breath-Alcohol Analyzers to Acetone: Further Studies (1984)

Seven quantitative evidential breath-alcohol analyzers in three categories of analytical principle were tested for response to dynamically generated vapor acetone concentrations of 3, 100, 150, 350, and 600 micrograms/L and to alcohol-acetone vapor mixtures of 0.10 g alcohol/210 L and 350 or 600 micrograms acetone/L. No significant interference by acetone at any of these concentrations was found in four of the tested instruments. Two devices employing single wavelength infrared spectrometry displayed no unacceptable responses to acetone in concentrations to 350 micrograms/L, and one device employing solid-state (Taguchi) sensing was found to be significantly sensitive to acetone at the two highest tested concentrations. Except for the latter device, response to acetone of those instruments tested is not considered to be a significant problem in breath-alcohol analysis for traffic law enforcement or other purposes.
The Present and Future of Prostate Cancer Urine Biomarkers (2013)

In order to successfully cure patients with prostate cancer (PCa), it is important to detect the disease at an early stage. The existing clinical biomarkers for PCa are not ideal, since they cannot specifically differentiate between those patients who should be treated immediately and those who should avoid over-treatment. Current screening techniques lack specificity, and a decisive diagnosis of PCa is based on prostate biopsy. Although PCa screening is widely utilized nowadays, two thirds of the biopsies performed are still unnecessary. Thus the discovery of non-invasive PCa biomarkers remains urgent. In recent years, the utilization of urine has emerged as an attractive option for the non-invasive detection of PCa. Moreover, a great improvement in high-throughput "omic" techniques has presented considerable opportunities for the identification of new biomarkers. Herein, we will review the most significant urine biomarkers described in recent years, as well as some future prospects in that field.
Fuel and ash characterization and its effect on the design of industrial boilers (1978)

An overview is presented of the relationship of critical fuel properties, their measurement in the laboratory, and their effect on the design of industrial boilers. Only pulverized fuels, principally coal, for suspension firing in industrial boilers are considered. Specifically discussed are the characterization procedures that should be applied in the analysis of a potential boiler fuel, how subsequent correlations are applied to determine ash deposition characteristics from laboratory data, and major boiler design considerations related to fuel characteristics. (LCL)
Resolution of Recent Evolutionary Divergence among Escherichia coli from Related Lineages: The Application of Pulsed Field Electrophoresis to Molecular Epidemiology (1990)

Escherichia coli infecting the urinary tract and other extraintestinal sites are often identical in many phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. To discriminate among pathogenic E. coli isolates, chromosomal DNA was digested with restriction endonucleases that recognize eight base pair sequences and the resulting 20-25 fragments were resolved by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Different restriction fragment profiles were detected for isolates obtained from different patients, including isolates of the same evolutionary lineage that were identical in electrophoretic type, serotype, and antibiotic sensitivities. In contrast, isolates obtained from separate sites of infection within the same patient had identical restriction profiles. These results indicate that PFGE can resolve recent evolutionary divergence within E.coli lineages and, consequently, offers a powerful new means for precisely performing molecular epidemiology. In addition, these studies provide genetic evidence that E. coli urinary tract infection within a given patient is typically due to the expansion of a single bacterial clone.
Synthesis, Structure, and Physico‐optical Properties of Manganate(II)‐Based Ionic Liquids (2010)

Several ionic liquids (ILs) based on complex manganate(II) anions with chloro, bromo, and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amido (Tf(2)N) ligands have been synthesized. As counterions, n-alkyl-methylimidazolium (C(n)mim) cations of different chain length (alkyl=ethyl (C(2)), propyl (C(3)), butyl (C(4)), hexyl (C(6))) were chosen. Except for the 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ILs, all of the prepared compounds could be obtained in a crystalline state at room temperature. However, each of the compounds displayed a strong tendency to form a supercooled liquid. Generally, solidification via a glass transition took place below -40 degrees C. Consequently, all of these compounds can be regarded as ionic liquids. Depending on the local coordination environment of Mn(2+), green (tetrahedrally coordinated Mn(2+)) or red (octahedrally coordinated Mn(2+)) luminescence emission from the (4)T(G) level is observed. The local coordination of the luminescent Mn(2+) centre has been unequivocally established by UV/Vis as well as Raman and IR vibrational spectroscopies. Emission decay times measured at room temperature in the solid state (crystalline or powder) were generally a few ms, although, depending on the ligand, values of up to 25 ms were obtained. For the bromo compounds, the luminescence decay times proved to be almost independent of the physical state and the temperature. However, for the chloro- and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amido ILs, the emission decay times were found to be dependent on the temperature even in the solid state, indicating that the measured values are strongly influenced by nuclear motion and the vibration of the atoms. In the liquid state, the luminescence of tetrahedrally coordinated Mn(2+) could only be observed when the tetrachloromanganate ILs were diluted with the respective halide ILs. However, for [C(3)mim][Mn(Tf(2)N)(3)], in which Mn(2+) is in an octahedral coordination environment, a weak red emission from the pure compound was found even in the liquid state at elevated temperatures.
Alkane-lnsoluble Trialkylammonium Double Salts Involving the Dodecamolybdophosphate Anion. II. Effect of Amine Structure on Third-Phase Formation (1987)

Abstract In this paper, a rational basis is presented for the control of molybdenum “third phase” formation in tertiary amine extraction through appropriate selection of amine structure. The studies have been founded on the observation that third-phase formation in the amine-extraction of molybdenum is mainly caused by the formation of heteropolymolybdates, especially the dodecamolybdophosphate anion PMo12O40 3− (DMP). Eight trialkylamine structures with straight and methyl -branched, 8-to 13-carbon chains have been examined with regard to the type of third phase formed and the maximum molarity of the dissolved salt (R3NH)3[DMP± that can be tolerated in the solvent before precipitation occurs (i.e., the DMP “tolerance”, a type of solubility measurement). In the experiments, a standard solvent consisting of 0.05 M tertiary amine (primarily as the trialkylammonium sulfate salt) and 0.15 M n-dodecanol in n-nonane was used. For all of the amines tested, third-phase formation first involved co-extraction of Mo(VI) and phosphate from 0.1 M H2S04 giving the dissolved salt (R3NH)3[DMP± over extended equilibration times (days to weeks). With no NaCl added to the aqueous phase, liquid third phases were obtained except in the case of triisooc-tylamine (TIOA), which gave solid (TIOAH)3[DMP±. In the systems containing added chloride, third-phase formation involved combination of (R3NH)3[DMP± with
Liquid-fed Aerosol Reactors for One-step Synthesis of Nano-structured Particles (2004)

Aerosol technology is the key process for large-scale production of nano-structured materials such as carbon black, titania and silica. The understanding of gas-phase synthesis was transferred successfully from classic vapor-fed flames to liquid-fed aerosol reactors, enabling now also the one-step production of demanding and highly functional products. Such aerosol-derived nano-structured metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, and metals on metal oxides find application in the fields of catalysis, sensors, fillers, and electronics, and have advanced the research and development of these reactors in recent years. The four main spray methods include spray pyrolysis in a tubular reactor (SP), spray pyrolysis using a vapor flame reactor (VFSP), the emulsion combustion method (ECM) and flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). These methods are discussed and key concepts are compared such as the energy source driving the solvent/fuel evaporation and precursor reaction, final particle formation. Advances in fundamental understanding, scaling and simulation are highlighted. Specific strategies for the production of homogeneous products are presented in context with existing methods and specific applications. Finally, research needs are discussed with respect to new flame-made materials, instrumental strategies for their production and process optimization, including diagnostic techniques and process simulation.
Polynuclear Metal Complexes Obtained from the Task-Specific Ionic Liquid Betainium Bistriflimide (2008)

The task-specific ionic liquid betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [Hbet][Tf2N], was used to dissolve metal oxides and hydroxides. The crystal structures of the resulting metal betaine bistriflimide complexes exhibit a rich structural variety. A trimeric structure was found for the cobalt(II) compound, [Co3(bet)8(Hbet)2(H2O)2][Tf2N]9[Hbet], a tetrameric structure for the manganese(II) and zinc(II) compound, [Mn4(bet)10(H2O)4][Tf2N]8 and [Zn4(bet)10(H2O)2][Tf2N]8, respectively, a pentameric structure for the nickel(II) compound, [Ni5(bet)12(H2O)6][Tf2N]10, an oxo-hydroxo-cluster formation for the lead(II) compound, [(Pb4O)Pb(OH)(bet)8(Tf2N)3][Tf2N]4·MeOH, and a polymeric structure for the silver(I) compound, [Ag2(bet)2(Tf2N)Ag2(bet)2][Tf2N]3. The zwitterionic nature of the betaine ligand and the weakly coordinating ability of the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Tf2N]− anion facilitates the incorporation of metal ions into oligonuclear and polynuclear metal complexes.
Cover Me! A Self-Deployment Algorithm for Mobile Sensor Networks (2007)

AbstractThis paper describes an algorithm for deploying a mobile sensor network. A mobile sensor network is made up of a distributed collection of nodes, each of which has sensing, computation, communication and locomotion capabilities. In this paper, we describe an incremental deployment algorithm in which nodes are deployed one-at-a-time into an unknown environment. Each node makes use of information gathered by previously deployed nodes to determine its optimal deployment location. The algorithm is designed to maximize network coverage whilst ensuring that nodes retain line-of-sight with one another (this latter constraint arises from the need to localize the nodes: in our previous work on mesh-based localization [9], [10] we have shown how nodes can localize themselves in a completely unknown environment by using other nodes as landmarks). In this paper, we describe a series of experiments (conducted in both simulation and reality) aimed at validating the algorithm and illuminating its empirical properties.
HIV Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir Induces Cytotoxicity of Human Endothelial Cells (2002)

These data demonstrate, for the first time, that the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir at concentrations near clinical plasma levels is able to directly cause endothelial mitochondrial DNA damage and cell death mainly through necrosis pathways but not through apoptosis. This study suggests that HIV protease inhibitor-mediated endothelial injury may contribute to its cardiovascular complications.
Fast segmentation of 3D point clouds: A paradigm on LiDAR data for autonomous vehicle applications (2017)

The recent activity in the area of autonomous vehicle navigation has initiated a series of reactions that stirred the automobile industry, pushing for the fast commercialization of this technology which, until recently, seemed futuristic. The LiDAR sensor is able to provide a detailed understanding of the environment surrounding the vehicle making it useful in a plethora of autonomous driving scenarios. Segmenting the 3D point cloud that is provided by modern LiDAR sensors, is the first important step towards the situational assessment pipeline that aims for the safety of the passengers. This step needs to provide accurate segmentation of the ground surface and the obstacles in the vehicle's path, and to process each point cloud in real time. The proposed pipeline aims to solve the problem of 3D point cloud segmentation for data received from a LiDAR in a fast and low complexity manner that targets real world applications. The two-step algorithm first extracts the ground surface in an iterative fashion using deterministically assigned seed points, and then clusters the remaining non-ground points taking advantage of the structure of the LiDAR point cloud. Our proposed algorithms outperform similar approaches in running time, while producing similar results and support the validity of this pipeline as a segmentation tool for real world applications.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuronal Functionality Changes in Sensory Cortex (2016)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), caused by direct blows to the head or inertial forces during relative head-brain movement, can result in long-lasting cognitive and motor deficits which can be particularly consequential when they occur in young people with a long life ahead. Much is known of the molecular and anatomical changes produced in TBI but much less is known of the consequences of these changes to neuronal functionality, especially in the cortex. Given that much of our interior and exterior lives are dependent on responsiveness to information from and about the world around us, we have hypothesized that a significant contributor to the cognitive and motor deficits seen after TBI could be changes in sensory processing. To explore this hypothesis, and to develop a model test system of the changes in neuronal functionality caused by TBI, we have examined neuronal encoding of simple and complex sensory input in the rat's exploratory and discriminative tactile system, the large face macrovibrissae, which feeds to the so-called "barrel cortex" of somatosensory cortex. In this review we describe the short-term and long-term changes in the barrel cortex encoding of whisker motion modeling naturalistic whisker movement undertaken by rats engaged in a variety of tasks. We demonstrate that the most common form of TBI results in persistent neuronal hyperexcitation specifically in the upper cortical layers, likely due to changes in inhibition. We describe the types of cortical inhibitory neurons and their roles and how selective effects on some of these could produce the particular forms of neuronal encoding changes described in TBI, and then generalize to compare the effects on inhibition seen in other forms of brain injury. From these findings we make specific predictions as to how non-invasive extra-cranial electrophysiology can be used to provide the high-precision information needed to monitor and understand the temporal evolution of changes in neuronal functionality in humans suffering TBI. Such detailed understanding of the specific changes in an individual patient's cortex can allow for treatment to be tailored to the neuronal changes in that particular patient's brain in TBI, a precision that is currently unavailable with any technique.
Virt Cache: Managing Virtual Disk Performance Variation in Distributed File Systems for the Cloud (2014)

As Applications are moved from physical servers to virtual machines sharing storage resources, they experience large variation in I/O latencies. While maintaining average performance in such virtualized environments is important to conform to service level agreements (SLA), cloud users also expect their applications to have minimum variation in tail end latencies like 90th percentile latency for predictable performance. This becomes a challenging problem as the deviation in the application's 90th percentile I/O latency from average latency under storage resource sharing (VM consolidation) can be very high. We show through experiments under VM consolidation that during peak loads this latency variation from average can be as much as 5 times compared to when the application has exclusive access to the storage devices. This variation in performance exists for both Hard drives (HDD) and Solid state drives (SSD). To minimize this large latency variation, we propose a dynamic I/O redirection and caching mechanism called Virt Cache. Virt Cache can pro-actively detect storage device contention at the storage server and temporarily redirect the peaking virtual disk workload to a dynamically instantiated distributed read-write cache. We have implemented our system in Gluster FS, a commonly used distributed file system deployed as a backing store in the cloud. Our system can achieve from 50% to 83% reduction in the 90th percentile latency deviation from average compared to previous work as we move from low load conditions to peak non uniform consolidated VM workloads. With our Virt Cache system, Cloud providers can guarantee predictable performance for the cloud users as if their application has exclusive access to the storage resources.
Preparation of new poly(ester triazole) and poly(amide triazole) by “click chemistry” (2014)

New dialkynyl monomers containing furan and ester or amide units were prepared via three step reactions from ethyl furan-2-carboxylate. Their click polymerization with either poly(ethylene glycol) diazide or poly(tetrahydrofuran) diazide catalyzed by Cu(I) led to corresponding amorphous poly(ester triazole) and poly(amide triazole) with molecular weights in the range of (7–11) × 103 and with glass transition temperatures in the range of −35 and −19°C. The temperature at 5% wt loss (T 10), determined from TGA of polyazomethines were in the range 345–365°C indicating their good thermal stability.
Osteoporosis and the Replacement of Cell Populations of the Marrow by Adipose Tissue (1971)

*Laboratoire de Recherches sur l'Histodynamique Osseuse, Chaire d'Hydrologie Therepeutique, Faculte de Medecine, 8 Av. Rockfeller, 69. Lyon (8e), France. †Reaserch Assistant, Mineral Metabolism Unit (Dr. B.E.C. Nordin), General Infirmary, Leeds 1, England.