gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Persistent Neonatal Hyperinsulinism (1988)

Over a 3-year period, the diagnosis of persistent neonatal hyperinsulinism (PNH) was made in seven infants, from an unselected cohort of 18,726 births, all of Saudi Arabian origin. Thus the incidence of PNH was one in 2,675 births. The high incidence, associated consanguinity, and occurrence in siblings suggest that PNH may be inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder.
A comparison between two current-fed push-pull DC-DC converters-analysis, design and experimentation (2002)

This paper compares two current-fed push-pull DC-DC power converters: the current-fed push-pull power converter or isolated boost and an alternative topology named here as the dual inductor push-pull power converter (DIC). Since this latter converter has just one primary winding, the voltage across the main switches is reduced to the half of that in the isolated boost topology; the average current in the input inductors is also halved and the RMS current in the output capacitor is smaller. The overall efficiency is increased and the power converter's volume is reduced in the DIC converter. These and other improved design characteristics make this alternative topology more attractive than the isolated boost for equivalent applications. Analytical equations, output characteristic curves and computer simulations of both power converters are compared. An experimental breadboard of 480 W power has been assembled in order to verify the performance of the DIC power converter. The main results are provided.
Laser Transfer of Metals and Metal Alloys for Digital Microfabrication of 3D Objects (2015)

3D copper logos printed on epoxy glass laminates are demonstrated. The structures are printed using laser transfer of molten metal microdroplets. The example in the image shows letters of 50 µm width, with each letter being taller than the last, from a height of 40 µm ('s') to 190 µm ('l'). The scanning microscopy image is taken at a tilt, and the topographic image was taken using interferometric 3D microscopy, to show the effective control of this technique.
ARIES/NT: a recovery method based on write-ahead logging for nested transactions (1989)

A simple and efficient recovery method for\nnested transactions, called ARIES/NT (Algorithm for\nRecovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics for\nNested Transactions), that uses write-ahead logging\nand supports semantically-rich modes of locking and\noperation logging is presented. This method applies\nto a very general model of nested transactions, which\nincludes parlial rollbacks of subtransactions, upward\nand downward inheritance of locks, and concurrent\nexecution of ancestor and descendent subtransactions.\nThe adopted system architecture encompasses aspects\nof distributed data base management also. ARIES/NT\nis an extension of the ARIES recovery and concurrency\ncontrol method developed recently for the single-level\ntransaction model by Mohan. et. al. in the IBM Research\nReport RJ6649.
Next Generation Image Compression And Manipulation Using CREW (2005)

As the applications of digital imagery expand in resolution and pixel fidelity there is a greater need for more efficient compression and extraction of images and sub-images. No longer is it sufficient to compress and decompress an image for a specific target device. The ability to handle many types of image data, extract images at different resolutions and quality, zoom and pan, and to extract regions-of-interest are the new measures of image compression systems. CREW (compression with reversible embedded wavelets) is a high quality image compression system that is progressive from high compression to lossless, pyramidal, and supports regions-of-interest and multiple image types. This paper describes the CREW system and format, shows how the correct data can be quickly extracted from a CREW file to support a variety of target devices, describes the mechanisms needed for panning, zooming, and fixed-size compression, and explains the superior performance on bi-level and graphic images.
Combinatorial pattern discovery for scientific data (1994)

Suppose you are given a set of natural entities (e.g., proteins, organisms, weather patterns, etc.) that possess some important common externally observable properties. You also have a structural description of the entities (e.g., sequence, topological, or geometrical data) and a distance metric. Combinatorial pattern discovery is the activity of finding patterns in the structural data that might explain these common properties based on the metric.
A Signal Processing View on Packet Sampling and Anomaly Detection (2010)

Anomaly detection methods typically operate on preprocessed traffic traces. Firstly, most traffic capturing devices today employ random packet sampling, where each packet is selected with a certain probability, to cope with increasing link speeds. Secondly, temporal aggregation, where all packets in a measurement interval are represented by their temporal mean, is applied to transform the traffic trace to the observation timescale of interest for anomaly detection. These preprocessing steps affect the temporal correlation structure of traffic that is used by anomaly detection methods such as Kalman filtering or PCA, and have thus an impact on anomaly detection performance. Prior work has analyzed how packet sampling degrades the accuracy of anomaly detection methods; however, neither theoretical explanations nor solutions to the sampling problem have been provided. This paper makes the following key contributions: (i) It provides a thorough analysis and quantification of how random packet sampling and temporal aggregation modify the signal properties by introducing noise, distortion and aliasing. (ii) We show that aliasing introduced by the aggregation step has the largest impact on the correlation structure. (iii) We further propose to replace the aggregation step with a specifically designed low-pass filter that reduces the aliasing effect. (iv) Finally, we show that with our solution applied, the performance of anomaly detection systems can be considerably improved in the presence of packet sampling.
Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis endocervical infections by a commercial polymerase chain reaction assay (1993)

We evaluated a prototype polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for Chlamydia trachomatis developed by Roche Molecular Systems to detect endocervical infection in women. Of 587 endocervical samples obtained from women attending the Harborview Medical Center sexually transmitted diseases clinic, 58 (10%) were positive for C. trachomatis by cell culture. Compared with culture, the PCR method had a sensitivity of 88% (51 of 58) and a specificity of 99.2% (525 of 529). The positive and negative predictive values were 92.7% (51 of 55) and 98.7% (525 of 532), respectively. After resolution of discrepant results whereby true positives were considered to be either culture-positive patients (58 patients) or culture-negative patients positive upon PCR analysis using both plasmid- and major outer membrane protein-based primers (4 patients), the resolved sensitivities of the PCR and culture were 89 and 93%, respectively. We subsequently performed a second analysis of 362 women, comparing the proposed commercial PCR assay from Roche Molecular Systems with chlamydia cultures. Thirty (8%) women were infected with C. trachomatis. Compared with culture, the assay had a sensitivity of 60% (18 of 30) and a specificity of 99% (328 of 332). Repeat PCR assay done 2 to 5 days later subsequently yielded positive results for 7 of 11 PCR-negative samples from culture-positive women. We conclude that the Roche Molecular Systems PCR assay provides highly specific results compared with culture in a high-risk population of women. Further study is needed, however, to more clearly define the sensitivity of the PCR assay in detecting endocervical C. trachomatis infection in women and to identify factors that may compromise sensitivity.
Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection (2018)

Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric condition often associated with poor quality of life and decreased life expectancy. Lack of progress in improving treatment outcomes has been attributed to limited knowledge of the underlying biology, although large-scale genomic studies have begun to provide insights. We report a new genome-wide association study of schizophrenia (11,260 cases and 24,542 controls), and through meta-analysis with existing data we identify 50 novel associated loci and 145 loci in total. Through integrating genomic fine-mapping with brain expression and chromosome conformation data, we identify candidate causal genes within 33 loci. We also show for the first time that the common variant association signal is highly enriched among genes that are under strong selective pressures. These findings provide new insights into the biology and genetic architecture of schizophrenia, highlight the importance of mutation-intolerant genes and suggest a mechanism by which common risk variants persist in the population.
Publication Announcements (1975)

Journal Article Publication Announcements Get access J. F. Anderson, J. F. Anderson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. W. Gould S. W. Gould Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 21, Issue 1, 17 March 1975, Page 45, https://doi.org/10.1093/besa/21.1.45 Published: 17 March 1975
Molecular targets in aortic aneurysm for establishing novel management paradigms (2017)

Aortic aneurysm (AA) is a lethal disease and presents a large challenge for surgeons in the clinic. Although surgical management remains the major choice of AA, operative mortality remains high. With advances in understanding of the mechanisms of AAs, molecular targets, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), D-dimer, and inflammation markers, including C-reactive protein, interleukins and phagocytes, are important in the pathology of development of AA. These markers may become important for improving the diagnostic quality and provide more therapeutic choices for treatment of AA. Although these new markers require long-term trials before they can be translated into the clinic, they can still be helpful in determining new directions. The main aim of this review is to discuss the current findings of molecular targets in progression of AA and discuss the potential application of these new targets for managing this disease.
Global gene expression profiles of human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines (2004)

Abstract For genomewide monitoring and identification of biomarkers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we have conducted a systematic characterization of gene expression profiles, using human cDNA microarrays containing 9K clones, in 25 HNSCC cell lines and 1 immortalized human oral keratinocyte cell line. We used normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) as a reference. Our study showed that genes primarily involved in cell cycle regulation, oncogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell adhesion were widely altered in the 26 cell lines. Upregulated genes included known oncogenes, protein kinases, DNA‐binding proteins and cell cycle regulators, while those commonly downregulated included differentiation markers, cell adhesion proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, structural proteins (keratins) and protease inhibitor proteins. Compared to NHOK, we observed a striking reduction in the expression of genes involved in terminal differentiation, suggesting that a loss in this process is an important signature of HNSCC. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis as well as principal component analysis revealed 2 distinctive subtypes of gene expression patterns among the 26 cell lines, reflecting a degree of heterogeneity in HNSCC. By applying significance analysis of microarrays, 128 genes were selected for being distinctively expressed between the 2 groups. Genes differentially expressed in the 2 subgroups include cell proliferation‐related genes, IGFBP6, EGFR and VEGFC; tumor suppression and apoptosis‐related genes such as Tp53, Tp63; as well as cell cycle regulators such as CCND1 and CCND2 (cyclins D1 and D2), suggesting that the 2 subgroups might have undergone different pathways of carcinogenesis. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Electrolytic Capacitor-Free Half Bridge Class-D Audio Amplifier System Without Bus-Voltage Pumping (2021)

Conventional half bridge class-D audio amplifier (HB-CDAA) systems typically suffer from serious bus-voltage pumping. Such a bus-voltage pumping increases the device stress and deteriorates the total harmonic distortion and noise (THD+N) of HB-CDAA. To reduce the bus-voltage pumping of HB-CDAA system, large electrolytic capacitors are usually required at the input of downstream HB-CDAA, which seriously affects the power density of HB-CDAA system. In this article, an electrolytic capacitor-free HB-CDAA system without bus-voltage pumping is proposed, which consists of a front-end bipolar-symmetric-outputs (BSO) bidirectional dc-dc converter and a downstream HB-CDAA. By providing a bidirectional current flowing path in the front-end dc-dc converter, the bus-voltage pumping of the HB-CDAA system is eliminated without using large electrolytic capacitors. Zero voltage switching (ZVS) of all switches in the front-end BSO dc-dc converter can be achieved over the full audio load range. Compared with the HB-CDAA system with a unidirectional front-end dc-dc converter, the proposed audio amplifier system benefits from high power density, low-output voltage THD+N, and voltage stress of switches. The bus-voltage pumping problem is identified, the operation of the proposed HB-CDAA system is analyzed, and the design parameters of the converter are derived to ensure ZVS of all switches. Experimental results with a 40-W prototype of the proposed audio amplifier system are presented to verify the design.
Neuron-Specific Apolipoprotein E4 Proteolysis Is Associated with Increased Tau Phosphorylation in Brains of Transgenic Mice (2004)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is found in amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, but its role in their pathogenesis is unclear. Previously, we found C-terminal-truncated fragments of apoE in AD brains and showed that such fragments can cause neurodegeneration and can induce NFT-like inclusions in cultured neuronal cells and in transgenic mice. Here, we analyzed apoE fragmentation in brain tissue homogenates from transgenic mice expressing apoE3 or apoE4 in neurons [neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-apoE] or astrocytes [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-apoE] by Western blotting. The C-terminal-truncated fragments of apoE accumulated, in an age-dependent manner, in the brains of NSE-apoE4 and, to a significantly lesser extent, NSE-apoE3 mice; however, no fragments were detected in GFAP-apoE3 or GFAP-apoE4 mice. In NSE-apoE mice, the pattern of apoE fragmentation resembled that seen in AD brains, and the fragmentation was specific for certain brain regions, occurring in the neocortex and hippocampus, which are vulnerable to AD-related neurodegeneration, but not in the less vulnerable cerebellum. Excitotoxic challenge with kainic acid significantly increased apoE fragmentation in NSE-apoE4 but not NSE-apoE3 mice. Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) also accumulated in an age-dependent manner in NSE-apoE4 mice and, to a much lesser extent, in NSE-apoE3 mice but not in GFAP-apoE3 or GFAP-apoE4 mice. Intraneuronal p-tau inclusions in the hippocampus were prominent in 21-month-old NSE-apoE4 mice but barely detectable in NSE-apoE3 mice. Thus, the accumulation of potentially pathogenic C-terminal-truncated fragments of apoE depends on both the isoform and the cellular source of apoE. Neuron-specific proteolytic cleavage of apoE4 is associated with increased phosphorylation of tau and may play a key role in the development of AD-related neuronal deficits.
The Use of Model Output Statistics (MOS) in Objective Weather Forecasting (1972)

Model Output Statistics (MOS) is an objective weather forecasting technique which consists of determining a statistical relationship between a predictand and variables forecast by a numerical model at some projection time(s). It is, in effect, the determination of the “weather related” statistics of a numerical model. This technique, together with screening regression, has been applied to the prediction of surface wind, probability of precipitation, maximum temperature, cloud amount, and conditional probability of frozen precipitation. Predictors used include surface observations at initial time and predictions from the Subsynoptic Advection Model (SAM) and the Primitive Equation model used operationally by the National Weather Service. Verification scores have been computed, and, where possible, compared to scores for forecasts from other objective techniques and for the official forecasts. MOS forecasts of surface wind, probability of precipitation, and conditional probability of frozen precipitation are being disseminated by the National Weather Service over teletype and facsimile. It is concluded that MOS is a useful technique in objective weather forecasting.
Intelligent segmentation of color geo-images (2004)

We present an approach to a segmentation of color cartographic images. This is a simultaneous segmentation-recognition-interpretation system when successfully segmented objects of interest (alphanumeric, punctual, linear, and area) are labeled by the system in the same gray-level values, but are different for each type of object. We call it the composite image technique. We exchange the source image for a number of composite image representations. Every composite image representation is associated with certain features. Some of the composite images that contain the objects of interest serve to be used in the following object detection-recognition-interpretation. The specification of features associated with perspective composite representations is regarded as a type of knowledge domain. The results of gray-level color image segmentation are presented.
Curvature of laser-machined grooves in Si3N4 (1986)

In laser machining, the article to be machined is moved with respect to the laser beam resulting in the formation of a groove in its surface by vaporization. Grooves formed in hot-pressed Si3N4 with a CO2 laser beam at normal incidence are observed to have cross sections that curve out of the plane defined by the velocity direction of the article and the direction of the laser beam. The curved cross sections change from one side of this plane to the other if the velocity direction is reversed. The effect is most pronounced at the lowest velocities and highest incident powers. The cross-section shape is shown to vary systematically with the angle between the velocity direction and the direction of the electric vector of the incident beam, which was found to be partially polarized. A mechanism for the curved cross-section effect is proposed based on the existence of a significant difference in reflectance between the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) reflections from groove walls in Si3N4 for large angles of incidence. Calculations of values of reflectance for the TM and TE reflections as a function of the angle of incidence show the existence of a large difference for the CO2 wavelength of 10.6 × 10−4 cm.
Effect of a Ti Interlayer in Evaporated Co–Cr/Fe–Ni Double-Layer Film (1987)

The effect of a Ti interlayer in an evaporated Co–Cr/Fe–Ni double-layer film on structural and magnetic properties and recording and playback characteristics has been investigated. The inplane coercivity of the Fe–Ni underlayer decreases, and the saturation magnetization and the perpendicular coercivity of the Co–Cr layer increase as a result of the presence of a Ti interlayer. The recording output voltage is found to increase as a result of the presence of a Ti interlayer from 10 to 40 nm thick. In films with an Fe–Ni underlayer having a small coercivity of about 80 A/m, the effect of the Ti interlayer as a spacing between the pole tip of a single-pole head and the Fe–Ni underlayer is observed: a higher output voltage and recording sensitivity, and a better overwrite S / N are obtained for films with a thinner Ti interlayer in the thickness range from 10 to 40 nm.
CCCC.—Reactions of organic thiosulphates (1925)

H. B. Footner and S. Smiles, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1925, 127, 2887 DOI: 10.1039/CT9252702887
Chk2 is dispensable for p53-mediated G<sub>1</sub>arrest but is required for a latent p53-mediated apoptotic response (2002)

In response to genotoxic stress, mammalian cells can activate cell cycle checkpoint pathways to arrest the cell for repair of DNA damage or induce apoptosis to eliminate damaged cells. The checkpoint kinase, Chk2, has been implicated in both of these responses and is believed to function in an ataxia telangiectasia (Atm)-dependent manner. We show here that Chk2-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), unlike Atm-/- or p53-/- MEFs, behaved like normal MEFs in manifesting p21 induction and G(1) arrest upon exposure to gamma-irradiation. Therefore, Chk2 is not involved in p53-mediated G(1) arrest. To examine the role of Chk2 in p53-dependent apoptotic response, we used adenovirus E1A-expressing MEFs. We show that Chk2-/- cells, like p53-/- cells, did not undergo DNA damage-induced apoptosis, whereas Atm-/- cells behaved like normal cells in invoking an apoptotic response. Furthermore, this apoptosis could occur in the absence of protein synthesis, suggesting that it is preexisting, or "latent," p53 that mediates this response. We conclude that Chk2 is not involved in Atm- and p53-dependent G(1) arrest, but is involved in the activation of latent p53, independently of Atm, in triggering DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
Long-Term Follow-Up Data from the Shunt Design Trial (2000)

Prolonged follow-up to date does not alter the primary conclusions of the trial: there does not appear to be one valve that is clearly the best for the initial treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus.
Immune Restoration With Antiretroviral Therapies (2000)

Recent dramatic decreases in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related mortality are largely due to the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although immune restoration due to suppression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication is a critical determinant of these trends, the magnitude of immune restoration seen after treatment with HAART varies substantially among treated persons and is generally incomplete. Nonetheless, even partial immune restoration is sufficient to provide protection from most major opportunistic infections; these risks can be largely predicted by the number of circulating CD4 cells. Limited data suggest that treatment earlier during the course of HIV infection may result in greater preservation of immune function, though this has not been studied in great detail. Preliminary studies performed among persons with multidrug-resistant virus whose treatment regimens are failing suggest that there is likely a benefit to continuation of therapy that may be related to diminished pathogenicity of drug-resistant virus. As deaths related to opportunistic infections diminish, the spectrum of causes of mortality in HIV infection is changing. Except for Kaposi sarcoma, there is insufficient information to conclude that the risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other malignancies are diminishing among persons with HIV infection. How much immune restoration will be enough to ensure long-term survival in persons with HIV infection remains an open question. JAMA. 2000;284:223-228