gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer White-Light-Emitting Diodes with High Work Function Cathode Based on a Novel Phosphorescent Chelating Copolymer (2007)

Polymer white-light-emitting diodes are fabricated based on the blend of poly[9,9-di-(2-ethylhexyl)-fluorenyl-2,7-diyl]-end capped with polysilsesquioxane (PFO) and a chelating copolymer ofpoly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino) propyl)-2,7-fluorene-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene))-co- [2,7-(9,9-dioctlyfluorene)-alt-5,5-bis(2-(4-methyl-1-naphtha-lene) pyridine-C2,N) iridium (III) acethylacetonate]] (PFN-NaIr). The device with the sole aluminium cathode is able to produce a comparably white electroluminescence efficiency of 1.31 cd/A to that of the device using low work function cathodes (such as Ba, Ca, etc.). The CIE coordinates of the white light emission consisting of red, green and blue three components are nearly at (0.34, 0.35). The mechanism of the white light emission from the device with the Al cathode is investigated, which is related to the efficient injection of electrons through the interface of PFN-NaIr/Al.
Effect of antigen turnover rate and expression level on antibody penetration into tumor spheroids (2008)

Poor tissue penetration is a significant obstacle to the development of successful antibody drugs for immunotherapy of solid tumors, and diverse alterations to the properties of antibody drugs have been made to improve penetration and homogeneity of exposure. However, in addition to properties of the antibody drug, mathematical models of antibody transport predict that the antigen expression level and turnover rate significantly influence penetration. As intrinsic antigen properties are likely to be difficult to modify, they may set inherent limits to penetration. Accordingly, in this study, we assess their contribution by evaluating the distance to which antibodies penetrate spheroids when these antigen properties are systematically varied. Additionally, the penetration profiles of antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen and A33, two targets of clinical interest, are compared. The results agree well with the quantitative predictions of the model and show that localizing antibody to distal regions of tumors is best achieved by selecting slowly internalized targets that are not expressed above the level necessary for recruiting a toxic dose of therapeutic. Each antibody-bound antigen molecule that is turned over or present in excess incurs a real cost in terms of penetration depth-a limiting factor in the development of effective therapies for treating solid tumors.
Identifying users in social networks with limited information (2015)

We study the problem of Entity Resolution (ER) with limited information. ER is the problem of identifying and merging records that represent the same real-world entity. In this paper, we focus on the resolution of a single node g from one social graph (Google+ in our case) against a second social graph (Twitter in our case). We want to find the best match for g in Twitter, by dynamically probing the Twitter graph (using a public API), limited by the number of API calls that social systems allow. We propose two strategies that are designed for limited information and can be adapted to different limits. We evaluate our strategies against a naive one on a real dataset and show that our strategies can provide improved accuracy with significantly fewer API calls.
Suppressor cell function and thymopeptide therapy in viral hepatitis B. (1986)

On note une diminution de l'activite des cellules suppressives dans les cas d'hepatite gulminante ou d'insuffisance hepatique subaique ou d'hepatite active chronique
Lewis acid and photochemically mediated cyclization of olefinic .beta.-keto esters (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis acid and photochemically mediated cyclization of olefinic .beta.-keto estersJames D. White, Richard W. Skeean, and Gary L. TrammellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 11, 1939–1948Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00211a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00211a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1830Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Switchgrass pretreatment and hydrolysis using low concentrations of formic acid (2011)

BACKGROUND: Acid hydrolysis using organic acids is a promising approach for liquefying biomass without introducing any additional inorganic salt species into the reaction media. Formic acid may be a very useful acid catalyst for biomass pre-treatment because (i) it is an effective, strong acid catalyst, (ii) it is no more corrosive than sulfuric acid, (iii) it is an organic acid, so it adds noinorganic salt species that might negatively impact downstream catalysis, and (iv) it can be produced from biomass, making ita green reagent. RESULTS: At pH25 °C = 1.65, formic acid yielded high dissolution of switchgrass (52 wt%) at a high temperature (200 °C), comparable with the dissolution yield achieved using sulfuric acid. When treated 9/1 wt/wt with an 8 wt% aqueous solution of formic acid at 150 °C for 1 h, 44 wt% of switchgrass was dissolved, yielding 63 wt% of the carbohydrates from switchgrass. CONCLUSIONS: The efficiency of formic acid for the hydrolysis and dissolution of the carbohydrate fraction of switchgrass was proved and compared with other organic and mineral acids. The liquid product of pretreatment of switchgrass using formic acid at both 150 °C and 200 °C showed that 24 wt% and 28 wt%, respectively, of soluble monosaccharides after enzymatic hydrolysis consisted of glucose. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
A TIME-CYCLED EXTERNAL CARDIAC COMPRESSOR (1968)

During cardiac arrest, the flow of oxygenated blood to the brain becomes insufficient to support life. With new methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, blood circulation can be maintained, the heart restarted, normal circulation resumed, and the patient's life saved. One method of maintaining circulation during this critical resuscitative period consists of rhythmically depressing the chest, thereby squeezing the heart and forcing blood to circulate. This method is known as external cardiac compression. A simple pneumatically powered external cardiac compressor was developed. This machine is time cycled and is controlled by a fluid-amplifier-driven oscillator. The device can also be synchronized with an EKG signal. Using the two controls on the machine, the operator may select ram forces up to 0.62 kN (140 lb) and frequencies from 30 to 85 cpm. Chest deflection cannot exceed 7.5 cm (3 in.). The ratio of compression to total period is approximately 0.45 on the present model, but ratios from 0.21 to 0.73 could be obtained by modifying the oscillator. Performance characteristics were obtained from tests in which springs were used as physical models of the chest. (Author)
Gas Phase Chemistry And Transport Phenomena In MOCVD Reactors (1987)

Gas phase chemistry and transport phenomena in MOCVD are addressed. A new MOCVD reactor arrangement for exploring the gas phase chemistry by in situ molecular beam mass spectrometry is presented along with pyrolysis data for Ga(CH3)3, Ga(C2H5)3 and As(CH3)3. Detailed two- and three-dimensional models of the classical horizontal and vertical MOCVD reactor configurations are described. These models provide new insight into flow, heat and mass transfer effects on film thickness uniformity and interface abruptness. For the horizontal reactor, model simulations demonstrate the existence of longitudinal buoyancy driven convection rolls which adversely affect film thickness uniformity. For the vertical reactor, the film thickness uniformity is shown to be strongly influenced by susceptor edge, reactor wall, and buoyancy effects. It is demonstrated that uniformity may be improved by shaping the reactor wall and rotating the susceptor. The existence of multiple steady flows in certain operating regions is illustrated. Concentration transients in the growth of heterojunctions are simulated and it is shown that the presence of recirculation cells widens the interface depth.
Separating Y‐predictive and Y‐orthogonal variation in multi‐block spectral data (2006)

Abstract Spectral data (X) may contain (a) variation that is correlated to concentrations or properties (Y) of samples and (b) variation that is unrelated to the same Y. This paper outlines an approach by which both such sources of variation may be resolved. The approach is based on a combination of hierarchical modelling and orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS). OPLS is first used at the base hierarchical level. The output is a labelling of the resulting score vectors as representing Y‐predictive or Y‐orthogonal variation. OPLS is then also used at the top hierarchical level together with principal components analysis (PCA). With PCA the Y‐orthogonal X‐variation is analysed and interpreted. With OPLS the Y‐predictive X‐variation is examined. The applicability of the proposed strategy is illustrated using one multi‐block spectral data set. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competing designs for phase I clinical trials: a review (2002)

Phase I clinical trials are typically small, uncontrolled studies designed to determine a maximum tolerated dose of a drug which will be used in further testing. Two divergent schools have developed in designing phase I clinical trials. The first defines the maximum tolerated dose as a statistic computed from data, and hence it is identified, rather than estimated. The second defines the maximum tolerated dose as a parameter of a monotonic dose-response curve, and hence is estimated. We review techniques from both philosophies. The goal is to present these methods in a single package, to compare them from philosophical and statistical grounds, to hopefully clear up some common misconceptions, and to make a few recommendations. This paper is not a review of simulation studies of these designs, nor does it present any new simulations comparing these designs.
Applying machine learning to semiconductor manufacturing (1993)

The generalized ID3 (GID3) algorithm, which takes a training set of experimental data and produces a decision tree that predicts the outcome of future experiments under various, more general conditions, is described. The tree can then be translated into a set of rules for an expert system. Two extensions to GID3MmRIST, and KARSM-that deal with the problems of noisy data and the limited availability of training data are discussed. The application of GID3 to reactive ion etching manufacturing process diagnosis and optimization and to knowledge acquisition for an expert system is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tissue Engineering of an Auricular Cartilage Model Utilizing Cultured Chondrocyte–Poly(L-lactide-ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds (2004)

To determine the potential development in vivo of tissue-engineered auricular cartilage, chondrocytes from articular cartilage of bovine forelimb joints were seeded on poly(L-lactic acid-epsilon-caprolactone) copolymer scaffolds molded into the shape of a human ear. Copolymer scaffolds alone in the same shape were studied for comparison. Chondrocyte-seeded copolymer constructs and scaffolds alone were each implanted in dorsal skin flaps of athymic mice for up to 40 weeks. Retrieved specimens were examined by histological and molecular techniques. After 10 weeks of implantation, cell-seeded constructs developed cartilage as assessed by toluidine blue and safranin-O red staining; a vascular, perichondrium-like capsule enveloped these constructs; and tissue formation resembled the auricular shape molded originally. Cartilage matrix formation increased, the capsule persisted, and initial auricular configuration was maintained through implantation for 40 weeks. The presence of cartilage production was correlated with RT-PCR analysis, which showed expression of bovine-specific type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA in cell-seeded specimens at 20 and 40 weeks. Copolymer scaffolds monitored only for 40 weeks failed to develop cartilage or a defined capsule and expressed no mRNA. Extensive vascularization led to scaffold erosion, decrease in original size, and loss of contour and shape. These results demonstrate that poly(L-lactic acid-epsilon-caprolactone) copolymer seeded with articular chondrocytes supports development and maintenance of cartilage in a human ear shape over periods to 40 weeks in this implantation model.
Background potassium current active during the plateau of the action potential in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. (1993)

Background outward K+ currents in guinea pig ventricular myocytes were characterized over a broad range of membrane potentials, including those corresponding to the plateau of the action potential. The background current that is blocked by 1 mM Ba2+ (IK,p) activates within 5 msec at positive potentials, does not inactivate, and deactivates very rapidly on repolarization. IK,p is insensitive to Cl- channel blockers, internal or external [Cl-], dihydropyridines, and sulfonylureas. In contrast, the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) was not completely blocked even by 30 mM Ba2+. Ba(2+)-sensitive current density increased progressively from 0.16 +/- 0.04 pA/pF at 0 mV to 0.52 +/- 0.21 pA/pF at +80 mV (n = 13, mean +/- SEM). The background current remains present when [K+]o is reduced to 0 mM, which suppresses the inward rectifier K+ current (IK1). These and other features suggest that IK,p is generated by K+ channels that are distinct from IK1 or IK. The kinetics and voltage dependence of IK,p render it capable of modulating both the height and duration of the cardiac action potential.
Parallel static and dynamic multi‐constraint graph partitioning (2002)

Abstract Sequential multi‐constraint graph partitioners have been developed to address the static load balancing requirements of multi‐phase simulations. These work well when (i) the graph that models the computation fits into the memory of a single processor, and (ii) the simulation does not require dynamic load balancing. The efficient execution of very large or dynamically adapting multi‐phase simulations on high‐performance parallel computers requires that the multi‐constraint partitionings are computed in parallel. This paper presents a parallel formulation of a multi‐constraint graph‐partitioning algorithm, as well as a new partitioning algorithm for dynamic multi‐phase simulations. We describe these algorithms and give experimental results conducted on a 128‐processor Cray T3E. These results show that our parallel algorithms are able to efficiently compute partitionings of similar edge‐cuts as serial multi‐constraint algorithms, and can scale to very large graphs. Our dynamic multi‐constraint algorithm is also able to minimize the data redistribution required to balance the load better than a naive scratch‐remap approach. We have shown that both of our parallel multi‐constraint graph partitioners are as scalable as the widely‐used parallel graph partitioner implemented in P AR M E T I S. Both of our parallel multi‐constraint graph partitioners are very fast, as they are able to compute three‐constraint 128‐way partitionings of a 7.5 million vertex graph in under 7 s on 128 processors of a Cray T3E. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insights into the Polyhexamethylene Biguanide (PHMB) Mechanism of Action on Bacterial Membrane and DNA: A Molecular Dynamics Study (2020)

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is a cationic polymer with antimicrobial and antiviral properties. It has been commonly accepted that the antimicrobial activity is due to the ability of PHMB to perforate the bacterial phospholipid membrane leading ultimately to its death. In this study, we show by the means of atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that, while the PHMB molecules attach to the surface of the phospholipid bilayer and partially penetrate it, they do not cause any pore formation at least within the microsecond simulation times. The polymers initially adsorb onto the membrane surface via the favorable electrostatic interactions between the phospholipid headgroups and the biguanide groups and then partially penetrate the membrane slightly disrupting its structure. This, however, does not lead to the formation of any pores. The microsecond-scale simulations reveal that it is unlikely for PHMB to spontaneously pass through the phospholipid membrane. Our findings suggest that PHMB translocation across the bilayer may take place through binding to the phospholipids. Once inside the cell, the polymer can effectively "bind" to DNA through extensive interactions with DNA phosphate backbone, which can potentially block the DNA replication process or activate DNA repair pathways.
Assessment of Photosynthetic Performance of Prochloron in Lissoclinum patella in hospite by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurements (1997)

Two new PAM fluorometers (pulse amplitude modulated) were used in an investigation of photosynthetic performance of Prochloron resident as a symbiont in the ascidian Lissoclinum patella, growing in a coral reef of Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef. With a new DIVING-PAM in situ measurements of effective PSII quantum yield (δF/Fm′) as a function of quantum flux density (rapid light curves) were carried out in 2.5 m depth in the reef and in a seawater tank. Photosynthetic electron transport rates were measured on in hospite Prochloron both in situ and in collected material. Both light-limited and light-saturated yields were exceptionally high. Maximal yields (Fv/Fm) were ˜0.83. A new TEACHING-PAM was employed for analysing dark-light induction and light-dark relaxation kinetics in collected samples with Prochloron in hospite. Considerable variability in kinetic responses was observed which was found to be at least in part due to differences in O2 concentration. It is suggested that endogenous reductants feed electrons into the intersystem transport chain, which normally is reoxidized by O2 (chlororespiration), and that in the dark, the reduction level of PSII acceptors is increased due to a decline in O2 concentration. The pattern of fluorescence responses differed markedly from those found in cyanobacteria and provides new insights into light-harvesting responses of a photosynthetic prokaryote with a membrane bound light-harvesting system, as contrasted with an extrinsic light-harvesting system.
Coefficient determination related to optical gain in erbium-doped silicon-rich silicon oxide waveguide amplifier (2002)

Gain-determining coefficients in Er-doped, nanocrystal-Si (nc-Si) sensitized silica waveguide amplifiers are investigated. Single-mode, Er-doped silica waveguides with nc-Si embedded in them were prepared by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of Er-doped a-Si:Ox (x&lt;2) followed by a high-temperature anneal to precipitate nc-Si. Exciting the Er ions via nc-Si by pumping the waveguide from the top with the 477 nm line of an Ar laser resulted in an enhancement of the transmitted 1535 nm signal of up to 14 dB/cm, indicating a possible net gain of up to 7 dB/cm. From the dependence of the signal enhancement upon the pump power, an emission cross section of 2×10−19 cm2 at 1535 nm and an effective excitation cross section of ⩾10−17 cm2 at 477 nm is obtained.
Analytical Modeling of High-Voltage 4H-SiC Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) Rectifiers (2008)

We develop a new analytical model for the junction barrier Schottky (JBS) rectifier and apply it to high-voltage 4H-SiC JBS rectifiers. This model uses a novel method to approximate the electric field at the Schottky contact, which is together with the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling equation to accurately calculate the reverse leakage current of a high-voltage 4H-SiC JBS rectifier. The forward on-resistance of a high-voltage 4H-SiC JBS rectifier consists of several components, which are dominated by the spreading resistances in the drift layer. Moreover, this model has been verified by comparing the simulation and experimental results, and they are shown to be in good agreement.
Reduction of processing time in distributed image database system utilizing directory (2002)

This paper describes a new image database system which combines distributed image databases utilizing a directory. The directory was generated to decrease the processing time to retrieve the desired photographic image from the distributed image databases which store a number of photographic images. A prototype of image database system of butterflies was constructed utilizing the directory. When an image database system without utilizing the directory was used, the processing time to obtain the resembled sample images was approximately 35.37 seconds. When the prototype system utilizing the directory was used, the processing time to obtain the resembled sample images was reduced to be approximately 18.36 seconds. On the basis of the result of the experiment, an application of the directory was found to be effective in an image database system which combines large-scale distributed image databases. Utilizing the directory, one can efficiently retrieve the desired image from the distributed image databases with a reduced processing time within a short period time.
Handling Occlusions in Real-time Augmented Reality : Dealing with Movable Real and Virtual Objects (2006)

Realistic rendering in real-time augmented reality applications leads one to consider physical interactions between real and virtual worlds. One of these interactions is mutual occlusions in the rendered viewpoint. This paper presents two approaches for handling occlusions when the real objects can be displaced or deformed. The first approach is model-based. It is suited for a static viewpoint and relies only on a tracked bounding volume model within which the object’s silhouette is carved. The second approach is depthbased and makes it possible to change the viewpoint by exploiting a handheld stereo camera. Both approaches are devised to minimize the effect of real object tracking errors in the rendered viewpoint.