gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local administration of neurotrophic growth factor in subcutaneous silicon chambers enhances the regeneration of the sensory component of the rat sciatic nerve (1999)

An experimental model for local administration of neurotrophic growth factor (NGF) in peripheral nerve lesions is tested. The model consists of a subcutaneous reservoir connected to the sciatic nerve neurorrhaphy. The right sciatic nerves were exposed, severed, and repaired at a level 1.5 cm proximal to their trifurcation. Then, a dome-shaped silicone reservoir connected to the proximal end of a silicone tube was placed subcutaneously in the dorsum of the experimental animal. The distal end of the connecting tube was located in the nerve neurorrhaphy. Two experimental groups were made: Group A (n = 90) received daily doses of a solution containing NGF-7S during the first 4 weeks after surgery and a single weekly dose thereafter. Within this group, three subgroups of 30 rats each were made: A-4 sacrificed 4 weeks after surgery, A-8 sacrificed after 8 weeks, and A-12 after 12 weeks. Group B (n = 90) received the same vehicle solution without NGF under the same schedule and volume as in Group A. Three subgroups were also made as in Group A depending on the survival period. In order to locate the neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, the retrograde tracer horseradish peroxidase was administered at the proximal stump of the sciatic nerve (tibialis branch), which was severed 1 cm distal to the sciatic trifurcation. In respect of the nonoperated side, the percentage between the number of dorsal root ganglia neurons in the NGF-treated group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that percutaneous administration of multiple doses of NGF in this model enhances sensory nerve regeneration after sciatic lesions evaluated by horseradish peroxidase labeling of dorsal root ganglia neurons.
A Three-Dimensional RNA Motif in<i>Potato spindle tuber viroid</i>Mediates Trafficking from Palisade Mesophyll to Spongy Mesophyll in<i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>  (2011)

Cell-to-cell trafficking of RNA is an emerging biological principle that integrates systemic gene regulation, viral infection, antiviral response, and cell-to-cell communication. A key mechanistic question is how an RNA is specifically selected for trafficking from one type of cell into another type. Here, we report the identification of an RNA motif in Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) required for trafficking from palisade mesophyll to spongy mesophyll in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. This motif, called loop 6, has the sequence 5'-CGA-3'...5'-GAC-3' flanked on both sides by cis Watson-Crick G/C and G/U wobble base pairs. We present a three-dimensional (3D) structural model of loop 6 that specifies all non-Watson-Crick base pair interactions, derived by isostericity-based sequence comparisons with 3D RNA motifs from the RNA x-ray crystal structure database. The model is supported by available chemical modification patterns, natural sequence conservation/variations in PSTVd isolates and related species, and functional characterization of all possible mutants for each of the loop 6 base pairs. Our findings and approaches have broad implications for studying the 3D RNA structural motifs mediating trafficking of diverse RNA species across specific cellular boundaries and for studying the structure-function relationships of RNA motifs in other biological processes.
Learning context for collective activity recognition (2011)

In this paper we present a framework for the recognition of collective human activities. A collective activity is defined or reinforced by the existence of coherent behavior of individuals in time and space. We call such coherent behavior `Crowd Context'. Examples of collective activities are “queuing in a line” or “talking”. Following, we propose to recognize collective activities using the crowd context and introduce a new scheme for learning it automatically. Our scheme is constructed upon a Random Forest structure which randomly samples variable volume spatio-temporal regions to pick the most discriminating attributes for classification. Unlike previous approaches, our algorithm automatically finds the optimal configuration of spatio-temporal bins, over which to sample the evidence, by randomization. This enables a methodology for modeling crowd context. We employ a 3D Markov Random Field to regularize the classification and localize collective activities in the scene. We demonstrate the flexibility and scalability of the proposed framework in a number of experiments and show that our method outperforms state-of-the art action classification techniques.
Heterojunction bipolar transistors using Si-Ge alloys (1989)

Advanced epitaxial growth techniques permit the use of pseudomorphic Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ alloys in silicon technology. The smaller bandgap of these alloys allows for a variety of novel band-engineered structures that promise to enhance silicon-based technology significantly. The authors discuss the growth and properties of pseudomorphic Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ structures and then focus on their applications, especially the Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/-base heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). They show that HBTs in the Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ system allow for the decoupling of current gain and intrinsic base resistance. Such devices can be made by using a variety of techniques, including molecular-beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition. The authors describe the evolution of fabrication schemes for such HBTs and describe the DC and AC results obtained. They show that optimally designed HBTs coupled with advanced bipolar structures can provide performance leverage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinical pharmacokinetic study of procetofene, a new hypolipidemic drug, in volunteers. (1978)

To study the surface structure of MgCl2 support and its interaction with other active components in Ziegler–Natta catalyst, such as electron donors, we prepared a thin film analogue for Ziegler–Natta ethylene polymerization catalyst support by spin-coating a solution of MgCl2 in ethanol, optionally containing a diester internal donor (diisobutyl-ortho-phthalate, DIBP) on a flat Si crystal surface. The donor content of these films was quantified by applying attenuated total internal reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Changes in the interaction of DIBP with MgCl2 at various temperatures were monitored by in situ ATR-FTIR. Upon increasing the temperature, a shift in the (C-O) band toward lower wavenumbers was observed together with the depletion of (O–H) stretching band due to the desorption of residual ethanol. We assign this shift to gradual redistribution of adsorbed DIBP from adsorption sites on the MgCl2 (104) surface toward the more acidic MgCl2 (110) surface. The morphologies of MgCl2 and MgCl2/DIBP films were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealing a preferential orientation of ClMgCl layers (001) parallel to the lateral film dimensions. This orientation becomes more pronounced upon annealing. In the absence of donor, the MgCl2 grow in to large crystals aligned in large domains upon annealing. Both crystal growth and alignment is impeded by the presence of donor.
Relations between minimum temperature and topography in great britain (1985)

Abstract The effects of topography on two measures of temperature, the daily minimum and the diurnal range, were investigated using the conventional network of climatological stations in the U.K. The effects of large bodies of water and buildings were minimized by restricting the analysis to data obtained from 145 inland rural sites. Topographic influences were considered to be mainly due to the effects of ‘local’ and ‘large‐scale’ shelter. Local shelter is associated with ‘height above the valley’ and is represented by the drop in altitude within 3 km, whereas large‐scale shelter is associated with nocturnal drainage of cold air, and is represented by the average height of the terrain above the valley over a radius of 10 km. The height above the valley is the most important variable and its maximum effect on diurnal range occurs in the early autumn, when the difference in soil moisture deficit between valleys and summits reaches its maximum. Large‐scale shelter is more important in winter than in summer, and for diurnal range, for rare rather than common events. This represents the increasing importance of nocturnal air drainage with the length of the night and suitable radiating conditions. For minimum temperatures in winter, however, the maximum impact of large‐scale shelter occurs for events with a return‐period around 2 years, and which are loosely associated with cold spells lasting a day or so. More extreme temperatures are usually attained at the end of cold spells lasting several days, when continued radiational cooling over level ground can produce temperatures as low as those attained through cold air drainage.
Coherent shear phonon generation and detection with picosecond laser acoustics (2008)

Measurements on a film of silica on crystalline zinc using picosecond laser acoustics are theoretically analyzed to quantitatively explain the generation and detection of picosecond shear and longitudinal-acoustic waves. The theory encompasses the scattering of obliquely incident probe light of arbitrary polarization by a depth-dependent anisotropic permittivity modulation in a multilayer, including terms arising from the photoelastic effect, interface displacements, and local rotations. Sound velocities, ultrasonic attenuation, and photoelastic constants are experimentally derived.
Accurate depth map estimation from video via MRF optimization (2011)

In this paper, we propose a novel system to estimate depth maps of outdoor scenes from a video sequence. According to the characteristics of a video, our approach considers more information in the temporal domain than the traditional depth reconstruction methods. We perform Structure From Motion (SfM) on consecutive image frames from a video from SIFT feature point correspondences, which provides some camera information, including 3D translation and rotation, for all the images. Then, we compute the constrained optical flow between selected scenes so that we can solve an over-constrained linear system to estimate the depth map for all pixels at each frame. In addition, mean shift image segmentation is incorporated to aggregate the depth estimation. Thus, this initial depth map is used as the data term of our pixel-based and region-based Markov Random Field (MRF) formulation for depth map estimation. The proposed MRF depth estimation not only imposes adaptive smoothness constraints but also includes sky detection in the final depth map estimation. By minimizing the associated MRF energy function for each frame, we obtain refined depth maps that achieve detail-preserving and temporally consistent depth estimation results.
A study on millisecond annealing (MSA) induced layout dependence for flash lamp annealing (FLA) and laser spike annealing (LSA) in multiple MSA scheme with 45 nm high-performance technology (2009)

We investigated the dependence of temperature uniformity dufing millisecond annealing (MSA) on the pattern density and its effect on device characteristics and static random access memory (SRAM) yields with 45-nm node technology. By comparing flash lamp annealing (FLA) and laser spike annealing (LSA), we found FLA was difficult to use in our multiple MSA scheme without absorbing layers because of its high temperature uniformity sensitivity to pattern density. LSA was found to be more promising due to its lower sensitivity to pattern density and higher potential for enhancing performance. We also found hot spots were generated during LSA; however, these can easily be avoided by introducing LSA-friendly design rules.
Performance Improvements in the Relativistic Magnetron: The Effect of DC Field Perturbations (2009)

The effect of using a shaped or transparent cathode to enhance key performance parameters in the Michigan magnetron, such as output power, power efficiency, and mode purity, was examined using a massively parallel electromagnetic particle-in-cell code improved concurrent electromagnetic particle-in-cell. In simulations, we saw a dramatic increase in the range of magnetic field and input voltage over which the magnetron functions, an increase in output power, an increase in efficiency, an elimination of mode competition, and immediate start-up for both the shaped and transparent cathodes relative to the standard cathode. These simulations also revealed that the mechanism that is responsible for the improved performance that accompanies the transparent cathode may not be RF-azimuthal-field penetration but rather perturbations in the "dc" field resulting from the design of the novel cathodes themselves.
The photoprotective protein PsbS exerts control over CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rate in fluctuating light in rice (2012)

A direct impact of chloroplastic protective energy dissipation (qE) on photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation has not been shown directly in plants in the absence of photoinhibition. To test this empirically we transformed rice to possess higher (overexpressors, OE) and lower (RNA interference, RNAi) levels of expression of the regulatory psbS gene and analysed CO(2) assimilation in transformants in a fluctuating measurement light regime. Western blots showed a several-fold difference in levels of PsbS protein between RNAi and OE plants with the wild type (WT) being intermediate. At a growth light intensity of 600 μmol m(-2) sec(-1) , the carboxylation capacity, electron transport capacity and dark adapted F(v)/F(m) (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence) were inhibited in RNAi plants compared with WT and OE. The PsbS content had a significant impact on qE (measured here as non-photochemical quenching, NPQ) but the strongest effect was observed transiently, immediately following the application of light. This capacity for qE was several-fold lower in RNAi plants and significantly higher in OE plants during the first 10 min of illumination. At steady state the differences were reduced: notably at 500 μmol m(-2) sec(-1) all plants had the same NPQ values regardless of PsbS content. During a series of light-dark transitions the induction of CO(2) assimilation was inhibited in OE plants, reducing integrated photosynthesis during the light period. We conclude that the accumulation of PsbS and the resultant qE exerts control over photosynthesis in fluctuating light, showing that optimization of photoprotective processes is necessary for maximum photosynthetic productivity even in the absence of photoinhibitory stress.
Robust wide baseline pose estimation from video (2016)

Robust wide baseline pose estimation is an essential step in the deployment of smart camera networks. In this work, we highlight some current limitations of conventional strategies for relative pose estimation in difficult urban scenes. Then we propose a solution which relies on an adaptive search of corresponding interest points in synchronized video streams which allows us to converge robustly towards a high-quality solution. The experiments are performed using a manually annotated ground truth of a large scale scene exhibiting significant depth and perspective variation, uniform areas, repetitive patterns and homogeneous dynamic elements. The results show a fast and robust convergence of the solution, and a significant improvement, compared to single image based alternatives, of the RMSE of ground truth matches, and of the maximum absolute error.
Pharmacokinetics of l-carnitine in man following intravenous infusion of dl-carnitine. (1979)

The pharmacokinetics of l-carnitine were studied in adult male patients following intravenous infusion of dl-carnitine hydrochloride-L-Carnitine appears to distribute into a rapidly perfused and then a more slowly perfused body space following administration. The overall apparent distribution volume Vd (ss) is consistent with extracellular body water. Serum levels of l-carnitine, from two different dose levels were adequately described by a two-compartment model. 80% of the administered dose was recovered in 24 hour post dose urine.
FD-TD design of short backfire antennas (1997)

The finite difference time domain (FD-TD) method has been used to study the short backfire antenna which is a compact feed for reflector antennas. A parametric study of a short backfire antenna has been performed which, for the first time, enables an optimum design to be obtained. The computed results have been validated by constructing and measuring an experimental antenna which gave measured results in good agreement with the predictions.
HIV-Tat Protein Activates c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase and Activator Protein-1 (1998)

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 tat (HIV-tat) protein, like other proinflammatory cytokines (such as TNF), activates a wide variety of cellular responses, some of which play a critical role in progression of HIV infection. Whether HIV-tat, like TNF, also activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the transcription factor activator protein (AP)-1 is not known. We show that treatment of human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells with the HIV-tat protein causes activation of JNK and AP-1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Transfection of a T cell line, H9 cells with the HIV-tat gene also resulted in an activation of JNK that was not further increased by treatment of cells with exogenous HIV-tat protein. Neutralizing Ab against HIV-tat inhibited the HIV-tat-mediated JNK activation. The activation of JNK by HIV-tat appears to be mediated through generation of free radical species, since pretreatment of cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished the effect. Overall our results demonstrate that HIV-tat activates JNK and AP-1, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of AIDS.
Intelligent knowledge retrieval for decision support in medical applications. (2001)

Knowledge management and retrieval are key issues to be addressed in the medical domain, where a large amount of information is generally available, and where the expert's skills need to be properly shared across the organisation, with the aim of improving the quality of care. Case Based Reasoning (CBR) is a very well suited methodology for the Knowledge Management task, when knowledge is in the operative form. Nevertheless, also well-assessed, formalised medical knowledge, such as clinical guidelines, should be made available to physicians in order to optimise their reasoning process. To take advantage of both knowledge types, we have defined a Multi Modal Reasoning methodology, that integrates CBR and Rule Based Reasoning, for supporting context detection, information retrieval and therapy revision in diabetes care.
In-depth blood proteome profiling analysis revealed distinct functional characteristics of plasma proteins between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients (2020)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over forty million patients worldwide. Although most coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have a good prognosis, some develop severe illness. Markers that define disease severity or predict clinical outcome need to be urgently developed as the mortality rate in critical cases is approximately 61.5%. In the present study, we performed in-depth proteome profiling of undepleted plasma from eight COVID-19 patients. Quantitative proteomic analysis using the BoxCar method revealed that 91 out of 1222 quantified proteins were differentially expressed depending on the severity of COVID-19. Importantly, we found 76 proteins, previously not reported, which could be novel prognostic biomarker candidates. Our plasma proteome signatures captured the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, thereby highlighting the role of neutrophil activation, complement activation, platelet function, and T cell suppression as well as proinflammatory factors upstream and downstream of interleukin-6, interleukin-1B, and tumor necrosis factor. Consequently, this study supports the development of blood biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets to aid clinical decision-making and subsequently improve prognosis of COVID-19.
Detection of Workpiece Shape Deviations for Tool Path Adaptation in Robotic Deburring Systems (2016)

Robotic systems have the potential to automate deburring processes along edges of arbitrarily shaped workpieces. The desired robot movement can be realized by proper trajectory planning using the computer-aided design (CAD) model of the manufactured workpiece. A fundamental problem is that geometric shape deviations between the nominal CAD model and the manufactured parts might be beyond acceptable limits for correct execution of the deburring process. This paper proposes a novel, easy to implement and practical approach to detect shape deviations of workpieces for automatic adaptation of robotic deburring processes. The approach only uses dimensional tolerance specifications of the manufactured part provided by the product design to derive possible variations of the workpiece geometry model. A matching process is performed between point clouds for each of the considered variants and a measured point cloud from the manufactured workpiece using an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) approach. Resulting point distances are used for evaluation of shape similarity between the compared point clouds. Finally, the most similar geometry model is identified for subsequent trajectory planning and workpiece localization. Experimental validation is performed by an industrial robot equipped with a stereo camera for shape sensing and a milling tool for subsequent execution of a deburring process. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed approach in industrial applications and an increased deburring quality.
<title>Object classification for obstacle avoidance</title> (1991)

Object recognition is necessary for any mobile robot operating autonomously in the real world. This paper discusses an object classifier based on a 2-D object model. Obstacle candidates are tracked and analyzed false alarms generated by the object detector are recognized and rejected. The methods have been implemented on a multi-processor system and tested in real-world experiments. They work reliably under favorable conditions but sometimes problems occur e. g. when objects contain many features (edges) or move in front of structured background.
Decreased RNA Polymerase Activity in Mammalian Zinc Deficiency (1972)

The activity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been measured in liver nuclei from suckling rats nursed by zinc-deficient dams, or by controls that were either pair-fed or given free access to the diet. In the zinc-deficient pups, the activity of the enzyme did not increase; it fell after the tenth day of life.
Navy High-Strength Steel Corrosion-Fatigue Modeling Program (2006)

The High-Strength Steel Corrosion-Fatigue Assessment program was designed to ensure reliability and supportability of current and emerging Naval aircraft by providing requisite engineering support to evaluate issues relevant to corrosion-fatigue of aircraft components. In this multi-year, multi-contract program, tools have been developed to assist in the establishment of maintenance options for corroded components. Experimental and analytical tools have been developed to classify corrosion in a manner tied to a reduction in fatigue life, to assess corrosion classifications by corrosion metrics, to measure these metrics with nondestructive methods, and to model the effect of corrosion on fatigue life. This report describes the work accomplished during the first two years and first contract of the program.