gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approaches To A Vaccine Against Hepatitis A: Development And Manufacture Of An Inactivated Vaccine (1995)

The basis for the development of a vaccine against hepatitis A was laid in the 1970s, when virus was replicated in cell culture. Adaptation to growth in cell culture resulted in attenuation and sufficient quantities of virus particles, allowing the development of both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. Testing of candidate vaccines in volunteers began in the early 1980s. Recently, a formaldehyde-inactivated whole-virion hepatitis A vaccine, the first licensed vaccine against hepatitis A, was introduced in many countries worldwide, and a live attenuated vaccine became available in the People's Republic of China. Other possible avenues for vaccine development include the use of either conventional or recombinant DNA techniques to obtain subunit vaccines, empty capsids, live viral or bacterial vectors, genetic immunization, synthetic peptides, and anti-idiotypes.
Computer-Assisted Transgenesis of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> for Deep Phenotyping (2015)

A major goal in the study of human diseases is to assign functions to genes or genetic variants. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans provides a powerful tool because homologs of many human genes are identifiable, and large collections of genetic vectors and mutant strains are available. However, the delivery of such vector libraries into mutant strains remains a long-standing experimental bottleneck for phenotypic analysis. Here, we present a computer-assisted microinjection platform to streamline the production of transgenic C. elegans with multiple vectors for deep phenotyping. Briefly, animals are immobilized in a temperature-sensitive hydrogel using a standard multiwell platform. Microinjections are then performed under control of an automated microscope using precision robotics driven by customized computer vision algorithms. We demonstrate utility by phenotyping the morphology of 12 neuronal classes in six mutant backgrounds using combinations of neuron-type-specific fluorescent reporters. This technology can industrialize the assignment of in vivo gene function by enabling large-scale transgenic engineering.
Fast single-element PN acquisition for the TDRSS MA system (1988)

The authors present a description and performance analysis of a new PN code acquisition approach for the tracking and data relay satellite system with multiple access (TDRSS MA) return subsystem. The MA subsystem uses a phased array on-board the TDRS with 30 elements whose received signals are each independently retransmitted to the ground for beam forming. In the current operational system, acquisition is performed by using a serial search of the possible PN epochs on the beam-formed 30-element signal. In contrast, the new approach performs acquisition on a single (arbitrary) element signal using a parallel (i.e., simultaneous) search of all possible PN epochs. Since only one element signal is used, no beam forming is required prior to PN acquisition. The approach is based on sampling and digital processing of the received signal. The new method also incorporates techniques which counteract the effects of Doppler and asynchronous data modulation. The probability of correct acquisition as a function of acquisition time, signal-to-noise ratio, data rate, and user satellite Doppler is analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Yield, Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition Evaluated in Androgenetic Plants in <i>Brassica juncea</i> (1987)

Abstract Homozygous diploids were obtained through anther culture in Indian mustard, Brassier juncea , cultivar TM‐4, Seeds could be harvested from 97 such plants in the A; generation. The androgenetic lines were further selected and the yield and yield components were compared in the A 4 and A 5 generations, Androgenetic lines showed variations for most of the characters studied including seed oil content and fatty acid composition. However, it was possible to recover seven lines out of 25 which were equal in seed yield and three equal in oil content compared TO the anther donor parent TM‐4.
Discovery of Efficacious <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Targeted Siderophore-Conjugated Monocarbams by Application of a Semi-mechanistic Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model (2015)

To identify new agents for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we focused on siderophore-conjugated monocarbams. This class of monocyclic β-lactams are stable to metallo-β-lactamases and have excellent P. aeruginosa activities due to their ability to exploit the iron uptake machinery of Gram-negative bacteria. Our medicinal chemistry plan focused on identifying a molecule with optimal potency and physical properties and activity for in vivo efficacy. Modifications to the monocarbam linker, siderophore, and oxime portion of the molecules were examined. Through these efforts, a series of pyrrolidinone-based monocarbams with good P. aeruginosa cellular activity (P. aeruginosa MIC90 = 2 μg/mL), free fraction levels (>20% free), and hydrolytic stability (t1/2 ≥ 100 h) were identified. To differentiate the lead compounds and enable prioritization for in vivo studies, we applied a semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to enable prediction of in vivo efficacy from in vitro data.
A neural network-based approach for recognizing multi-font printed English characters (2015)

In this paper, we propose a method for recognizing English characters in different fonts. The proposed method based on neural network is resistant to font variant. When the samples in new fonts are added to the database, the accuracy of existing methods rapidly decreases and they are not resistant to font variant but to the accuracy of proposed method that almost stays constant and does not much decrease. A similarity measure neural network is used to identify characters and similarity measure compares the features of characters and the features of the indicators associated with the characters from A to Z obtained in the training stage. We use similarity measure instead of distance measure in SOM neural network because a person learns font-independent and a literate can read without knowing the font of the written note. In fact he/she measures similarity between the notes in new fonts and learned notes in his/her mind. Therefore, we use two samples for training the network as representative of all fonts such as default notes in man's mind. We could obtain 98.56% accuracy of recognizing a database that includes 24 different fonts in 11 different sizes.
Diet-induced insulin resistance precedes other aspects of the metabolic syndrome (1998)

This study was designed to examine the effects of a high-fat refined-sugar (HFS) or a low-fat complex-carbohydrate (LFCC) diet on insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose transport, plasma insulin, blood pressure, plasma triglycerides, plasma glycerol, body weight, and body fat in female Fischer rats. Insulin-stimulated glucose transport was significantly reduced in the HFS group at 2 wk, 2 mo, and 2 yr, whereas serum insulin was significantly elevated at all time points. Blood pressure was not significantly elevated in the HFS group until 12 mo, and all HFS animals were hypertensive by 18 mo. Glycerol, triglycerides, and abdominal fat cell size were not significantly different at 2 wk but were significantly elevated in the HFS rats at 2 and 6 mo. Body weight was similar in both groups until 20 wk on the diet, when the HFS rats started to gain more weight. These results demonstrate that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia occur before the other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome and that diet, not obesity, is the underlying cause.
Remote Sensing of Methane Gas by Differential Absorption Measurement Using a (1991)

A wavelength tunable DFB LD in the 1.65 pm region bas been utilized as a light source for differential absorption measurement in the remote sensing of methane. A single wavelength tunable DFB LD was used to emit two different Wavelengths of equal power which were modulated 180' out of phase with each other at a frequency of 10 kHz. One of the two wavelengths was frequency stabilized via a methane gas cell and a feedback system equipped with a lock-in amplier. A sensitiv- ity of 4 ppm.m methane in 1 atm nitrogen has been achieved. This light source has greatly simplied the setup for the measurements of this kind. IFFERENTIAL absorption measurements are widely used D for quantitative analyses of various materials. In regards to this, lasers are expected to be effective light sources in increas- ing the sensitivity during remote sensing. Further, since this measurement technique fundamentally requires the emission of two different wavelengths, a dual-wavelength laser is ideal. In fact, a He-Ne laser has already been used to produce wavelengths of the 3.391 and 3.392 pm that have equal ampli- tudes and are 180 out of phase with each other for the remote detection of methane (l). The same measurement has been performed with an InGaAsP/InP laser diode emitting at 1.33 pm (2). However, in both of these cases, the emission of two different wavelengths was attained by tuning an etalon. Further, the experimental setups for these dual-wavelength lasers re- quired large-sized complex mechanical and electronic structures, which caused these complicated laser light sources to be unreli- able. In contrast, recent progress for wavelength tunable dis- tributed feedback laser diodes (DFB LD's) in the 1.3-1.5-pm region has been remarkable (3), (4). These LD's have multielec- trode structures and oscillation wavelengths that can be tuned from 1 to 3 nm by controlling the amount of current injected into each electrode. If a DFB LD is used as the light source for these types of measurements, compact highly reliable measuring equipment can be designed. In this report, we will describe the first method for sensing methane gas using a 1.65 pm region InGaAsP/InP two-electrode DFB LD for differential absorption measurements.
Coherent Compensation for 100G DP-QPSK With One Sample per Symbol Based on Antialiasing Filtering and Blind Equalization MLSE (2010)

We propose coherent detection with one sample/symbol. Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) is used to compensate for intersymbol interference introduced by antialiasing filtering. The 100 000-ps/nm chromatic dispersion and 100-ps differential group delay are compensated with 1.5-dB penalty. Blind MLSE equalization is proposed.
Pteridines. I. Synthesis of Some 6-Alkyl-7-aminopteridines from Nitrosopyrimidines (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPteridines. I. Synthesis of Some 6-Alkyl-7-aminopteridines from NitrosopyrimidinesIrwin J. Pachter and Piroska E. NemethCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 5, 1187–1191Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01040a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01040a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical bistability in the scattering and absorption of light from nonlinear microparticles (1986)

Intrinsic optical bistability in the scattering and absorption of light from Rayleigh-particle-sized microparticles having an intensity-dependent refractive index is theoretically investigated. For particles near plasmon resonances optical switching also occurs by sweeping the frequency across the resonance at fixed incident intensity above a certain threshold. Several orders of magnitudes of reduction in the switching intensities are possible near sharp resonances, and an optical transistor mode with a very sizable differential gain can be achieved.
Some Metathetical Reactions of the Gaseous Fluorides of Group IV<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Metathetical Reactions of the Gaseous Fluorides of Group IV1Walter C. Schumb and Donald W. BreckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 7, 1754–1760Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01127a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01127a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Continuum-source atomic-absorption spectroscopy with an echelle spectrometer adapted to a charge injection device (1990)

An instrumental system for continuum-source atomic absorption spectroscopy has been developed for simultaneous multielement determinations. The system consists of an electrothermal atomizer and a charge injection device adapted to an echelle spectrometer to achieve multiplex detection. A continuous 40-nm spectral range in the two-dimensional echelle spectrum was acquired simultaneously through the capability of the charge injection device to integrate signals in its MOS capacitors. Novel methods were developed to compute absorbances by "scanning" through all orders in the entire echelle spectrum or selecting absorption lines randomly. In the range 300-430 nm, characteristic concentrations (1% absorption) were 1.6, 2.6, 2.9, and 3.8 ng mL-1 respectively for Cu, Mn, and two Cr lines; these values are similar to those (1.3, 2.2, 1.2, and 3.6 ng mL-1) obtained for single-element detection with an image-dissector system.
A novel 1-D periodic defected ground structure for planar circuits (2000)

A new one-dimensional (1-D) defected ground unit lattice is proposed in order to improve the effective inductance. Increasing the effective inductance makes it easy to control the cutoff frequency characteristics. The proposed periodic defected ground structure (DGS) provides the excellent cutoff and stopband characteristics. In order to show the improved the effective inductance, three DGS circuits were fabricated with identical periodic and different dimensions. Measurements on the fabricated DGS circuits show that the cutoff and stopband center frequency characteristics depend on the physical dimension of the proposed DGS unit lattice,.
Stroll: A Universal Filesystem-Based Interface for Seamless Task Deployment in Grid Computing (2012)

Developing applications for solving compute intensive problems is not trivial. Despite availability of a range of Grid computing platforms, domain specialists and scientists only rarely take advantage of these computing facilities. One reason for this is the complexity of Grid computing, and the need to learn a new programming environment to interact with the Grid. Typically, only a few programming languages are supported, and often scientists use special-purpose languages that are not supported by most Grid platforms. Moreover, users cannot easily deploy their compute tasks to multiple Grid platforms without rewriting their program to use different task submission interfaces. In this paper we present Stroll, a universal filesystem-based interface for seamless task submission to one or more Grid facilities. Users interact with the Grid through simple read and write filesystem commands. Stroll allows all categories of users to submit and manage compute tasks both manually, and from within their programs, which may be written in any language. Stroll has been implemented on Windows and Linux, and we demonstrate that we can submit the same compute tasks to both Condor and Unicore clusters. Our evaluation shows the overhead of Stroll to negligible. Comparing the code complexity of a Stroll compute task with command-line clients and Grid APIs show that Stroll can eliminated up to 95% of the complexity.
Predicting Aircraft Trajectories: A Deep Generative Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks Approach (2018)

Reliable 4D aircraft trajectory prediction, whether in a real-time setting or for analysis of counterfactuals, is important to the efficiency of the aviation system. Toward this end, we first propose a highly generalizable efficient tree-based matching algorithm to construct image-like feature maps from high-fidelity meteorological datasets - wind, temperature and convective weather. We then model the track points on trajectories as conditional Gaussian mixtures with parameters to be learned from our proposed deep generative model, which is an end-to-end convolutional recurrent neural network that consists of a long short-term memory (LSTM) encoder network and a mixture density LSTM decoder network. The encoder network embeds last-filed flight plan information into fixed-size hidden state variables and feeds the decoder network, which further learns the spatiotemporal correlations from the historical flight tracks and outputs the parameters of Gaussian mixtures. Convolutional layers are integrated into the pipeline to learn representations from the high-dimension weather features. During the inference process, beam search, adaptive Kalman filter, and Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother algorithms are used to prune the variance of generated trajectories.
Sulfoaluminates of calcium as stable and metastable phases,and a study of a portion of the five-component system CaO-SO<sub>3</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>O-H<sub>2</sub>O at 25 °C (1941)

Os -S C f l a t ? 5 C .
Emergence of Immediate Funds Transfer as a General-Purpose Means of Payment (2011)

Immediate funds transfer (IFT) is a highly convenient, certain, secure, and economical means of payment using bank money. IFT is not available in the U.S. banking system, except for large-value business payments, interbank transfers, and specialized financial market transactions. This article examines the successful experience with IFT in Mexico, South Africa, Switzerland, and the UK and concludes that payment system governance is the principal barrier to IFT innovation in the U.S.
Approach to the Interior Design Using Augmented Reality Technology (2015)

This paper analyzes the use of Augmented Reality technology and Augmented Reality 3D interior model for interior design. According to the feature of interior design, the best way to share the concept of an interior design project to customer in the conceptual design stage is to perform it in a vivid 3D prototype. The traditional 3D interior space prototypes are created by designers and evaluated by customers, but we want to expand the affection of customers' requirements in the conceptual design. The designer and customer establish a 3D interior space model together in conceptual design stage by first creating 3D interior structure model, followed by choosing hard-soft decoration method and customized decoration requirements in an Augmented Reality Interior Design System. A hard decoration modeling framework is built for design project improvement and evaluation to guarantee that user can coordinate every aspect of the design project to achieve a balance between structure and function. The augmented content and sensory information of decorative material-furniture-appliance for soft decoration can be simulated with special stereoscopic equipments as an AR3D interior prototype in ARID system to enhance the understanding and participation of customers in the customized interior design project.
Detection of lung adenocarcinoma with ROS1 rearrangement by IHC, FISH, and RT-PCR and analysis of its clinicopathologic features (2015)

IHC, FISH, and RT-PCR are all effective methods for the detection of ROS1 rearrangement. IHC would be a useful screening method in routine pathologic laboratories. RT-PCR can detect exact fusion patterns. ROS1 rearrangement may be a worse prognostic factor. The exact correlation of ROS1 rearrangement with prognosis and whether different fusion types are correlated with different responses to targeted therapy need to be further investigated.
Looking towards objective quality evaluation in colonoscopy: Analysis of visual gaze patterns (2015)

This study has detailed specific VGP acquired through expertise, which can potentially explain why adenomas are regularly missed at the hepatic flexure during colonoscopy. These may be useful for the training of novice colonoscopists, and further validation may utilize VGP in the development of an objective proficiency based curriculum to improve the detection of pathology and overall quality in endoscopy.
Purification, Identification, and Characterization of Two GTP-binding Proteins with Molecular Weights of 25,000 and 21,000 in Human Platelet Cytosol (1989)

We have purified, characterized, and identified two GTP-binding proteins with Mr of 25,000 (c25KG) and 21,000 (c21KG) from the cytosol fraction of human platelets. These two proteins were not copurified with the beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins. Amino acid sequences of tryptic fragments of c21KG completely matched with those of rap1 protein (Pizon, V., Chardin, P., Lerosey, I., Olofsson, B., and Tavitian, A. (1988) Oncogene 3, 201-204), smg p21 (Kawata, M., Matsui, Y., Kondo, J., Hishida, T., Teranishi, Y., and Takai, Y. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18965-18971), and Krev-1 protein (Kitayama, H., Sugimoto, Y., Matsuzaki, T., Ikawa, Y., and Noda, M. (1989) Cell 56, 77-84). The partial amino acid sequence analysis of c25KG revealed that this protein was different from any low Mr GTP-binding proteins already reported. c25KG bound about 1 mol of [35S] guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S)/mol of protein, with a Kd value of about 45 nM. [35S]GTP gamma S-binding to c25KG was specifically inhibited by guanine nucleotides, GTP and GDP, but not by adenine nucleotides such as ATP and adenyl-5'-yl beta, gamma-imidodiphosphate. The binding activity was not inhibited by pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide. c25KG hydrolyzed GTP to librate Pi with the specific activity of 1.8 mmol of Pi/mol of protein/min, which are different from the activities of the already purified low Mr GTP-binding proteins. We conclude that c25KG is a novel GTP-binding protein and c21KG is a rap1/smg p21/Krev-1 product.