gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Aryl Selenocyanates and Selenaheterocycles with Elemental Selenium (2020)

This work reports a green method for the synthesis of aryl selenocyanates via a three-component reaction of arylboronic acids, Se powder, and trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) under metal-free and additive-free conditions. Remarkably, TMSCN acts as not only the substrate, but also the catalyst. Various selenaheterocycles can be also accessed with a catalytic amount of TMSCN.
Electricity theft detection in low voltage networks with smart meters using state estimation (2016)

Electricity theft is a critical issue that needs to be solved. In the future smart meters can immediately monitor the entire system and obtain real-time operating data of a low voltage distribution system. By properly using the data from smart meters, the real-time distribution system model can be established and correctness of the customer electricity data can be guaranteed. This paper proposes a methodology based on distribution state estimation to detect customer tampered data. In order to obtain better results, a semi-definite programming method is used to solve this problem. The convex semi-definite relaxation (SDR) technique renders the non-convex robust state estimation (R-SE) problem be effectively solvable. Compared with the conventional Newton Raphson method, semi-definite programming can achieve the global optimal solution, rather than local optimal solutions. A low voltage distribution system is selected to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Test results indicate that the proposed method, which involves electricity theft detection, suspect confirmation, and data correction, can solve the non-technical loss problem, thus benefitting smart grid operations.
A Statistical Convergence Perspective of Algorithms for Rank Aggregation from Pairwise Data (2014)

There has been much interest recently in the problem of rank aggregation from pairwise data. A natural question that arises is: under what sorts of statistical assumptions do various rank aggregation algorithms converge to an 'optimal' ranking? In this paper, we consider this question in a natural setting where pairwise comparisons are drawn randomly and independently from some underlying probability distribution. We first show that, under a 'time-reversibility' or Bradley-Terry-Luce (BTL) condition on the distribution, the rank centrality (PageRank) and least squares (HodgeRank) algorithms both converge to an optimal ranking. Next, we show that a matrix version of the Borda count algorithm, and more surprisingly, an algorithm which performs maximum likelihood estimation under a BTL assumption, both converge to an optimal ranking under a 'low-noise' condition that is strictly more general than BTL. Finally, we propose a new SVM-based algorithm for rank aggregation from pairwise data, and show that this converges to an optimal ranking under an even more general condition that we term 'generalized low-noise'. In all cases, we provide explicit sample complexity bounds for exact recovery of an optimal ranking. Our experiments confirm our theoretical findings and help to shed light on the statistical behavior of various rank aggregation algorithms.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Stereoselective Dearomative Coupling of Indolylboron Ate Complexes with Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Alkyl Halides (2018)

Indolylboron ate complexes readily generated from 2-lithioindoles and boronic esters underwent multicomponent dearomative coupling with D-A cyclopropanes and alkyl halides in the presence of Sc(OTf)<sub>3</sub> as a catalyst. The reactions proceeded with complete diastereoselectivity and excellent stereospecificity to provide indolines containing three contiguous stereocenters. The valuable boronic ester moiety remains in the product and allows for subsequent functionalization.
Rapid localized spread and immunologic containment define Herpes simplex virus-2 reactivation in the human genital tract (2013)

Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) is shed episodically, leading to occasional genital ulcers and efficient transmission. The biology explaining highly variable shedding patterns, in an infected person over time, is poorly understood. We sampled the genital tract for HSV DNA at several time intervals and concurrently at multiple sites, and derived a spatial mathematical model to characterize dynamics of HSV-2 reactivation. The model reproduced heterogeneity in shedding episode duration and viral production, and predicted rapid early viral expansion, rapid late decay, and wide spatial dispersion of HSV replication during episodes. In simulations, HSV-2 spread locally within single ulcers to thousands of epithelial cells in <12 hr, but host immune responses eliminated infected cells in <24 hr; secondary ulcers formed following spatial propagation of cell-free HSV-2, allowing for episode prolongation. We conclude that HSV-2 infection is characterized by extremely rapid virological growth and containment at multiple contemporaneous sites within genital epithelium. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00288.001.
The helminths of the intestinal canal of man in Mauritius; and a first record of <i>Trichostrongylus axei</i> locally (1937)

1. Systematic measurements of all hookworm-like eggs from time faeces of 336 patients in Mauritius led to the finding of 8 per cent Trichostrongyle, 0·9 per cent Ternidens deminutus , and 0·9 per cent Ancylostoma braziliense -like eggs. 2. This percentage of Trichostrongyle eggs includes one case from an inhabitant of the French colony, Réunion. 3. Hookworm eggs of a very small size, possibly Ancylostoma braziliense were found unassociated with the typical Necator americanus eggs, in the faeces of an inhabitant of Rodriguez; the adult worms appeared drug-resistant. 4. A partial eradication of the Trichostrongyles was obtained in one case, and an apparently complete eradication in another, of 6 patients treated with carbon tetrachloride. 5. The Trichostrongyles expelled by one of the patients were identified as Trichostrongylus axei (Cobbold, 1879) Railliet & Henry (1909). 6. No particular symptoms which could be ascribed to the action of the Trichostrongyles were observed in any of the affected patients. 7. Drugs administered orally to a patient passing Ternidens deminutus -like eggs failed to dislodge any of his worms.
INDUCTION OF LABOUR WITH PROSTAGLANDIN E<sub>2</sub> (1970)

Summary The effect of prostaglandin E 2 on the activity of the pregnant human uterus in vivo has been studied in 50 women at or near term and in need of induction. Labour was successfully induced in all cases with a continuous infusion of 0·5 μg./min. The uterine activity produced by prostaglandin infusion resembled that of normal spontaneous labour. No unphysiological increase in uterine tonus was observed. The average infusion time was 5·5 hours and the average infusion‐delivery interval was 10 hours.
Multifunctional Proteins (1976)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
ELECTRIC PHASE ANGLE OF CELL MEMBRANES (1932)

From the theory of an electric network containing any combination of resistances and a single variable impedance element having a constant phase angle independent of frequency, it is shown that the graph of the terminal series reactance against the resistance is an arc of a circle with the position of the center depending upon the phase angle of the variable element. If it be assumed that biological systems are equivalent to such a network, the hypotheses are supported at low and intermediate frequencies by data on red blood cells, muscle, nerve, and potato. For some tissues there is a marked divergence from the circle at high frequencies, which is not interpreted.
Where is my baby? A fast fetal head auto-alignment in 3D-ultrasound (2013)

Ultrasonography is the main modality for prenatal screening examination of the fetal central nervous system. Due to the variability of the position of the fetal brain relatively to the probe, getting through structures of interest requires both time and a high level of expertise. The method presented in this paper aims at helping the clinician navigate through the brain by automatically aligning the head in near real time (< 1 s) in a 3D ultrasound volume. The alignment is obtained by defining a frame of reference based on the skull, the mid-sagittal plan and the orbits of the eyes; their signals remain strong and stable across acquisitions. They are detected by combining state-of-the-art techniques (random forests and template deformation). Our method has proven fast and accurate on a dataset of 78 volumes (19–24 gestational weeks): maximal alignment errors' medians range from 5.1 to 5.8mm for the transcerebellar, transventricular and transthalamic planes.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Extraction of Kokum (Garcinia Indica) Fruit Pulp using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) (2012)

A response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the determination of optimum water temperature and soaking time to produce an acceptable smooth kokum pulp. Kokum pulp was extracted using water extraction method at different temperature (13-33°C) and time (10-50 min.) The effects of the extraction conditions on pulp recovery and HCA (Hydroxy citric acid) content were studying by employing a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The coefficient of determination R for pulp recovery and HCA content were 0.94 and 0.86 respectively. Analysis of variable (ANOVA) performed on the experimental values showed that temperature and soaking time were the most important factors that affected characteristics of the kokum pulp as it exerted highly significant influence (p < 0.05) on all the dependant variables. An increase in soaking time and water temperature used for extraction of pulp resulted increase in pulp recovery and HCA content of the koku m pulp but to a certain level. Based on surface and contour plots optimum conditions for formation of smooth kokum pulp were 24.97 °C temperature of water and soaking time of 30.42 min. Kokum is an important culinary agent and is used as an acidulant for curries by people living in Maharashtra, costal Karnataka and Goa, India. In summer the ripe rinds are ground in a blender with sugar and cardamom and consumed as a cooling drink. Addition of kokum is supposed to enhance the taste of coconut-based curries and to remove the unpleasant smell of mackerel and sardines. They are also used in some vegetable dishes and to prepare chutneys and pickles. The Goans regularly prepare kokum kadi or birinda solkadhi. These curries are used with rice or like an after meal digestive drink. Both birindi saar and kokum kadi are supposed to be digestive and to relieve gastric problems. Studies have shown that the rind contains moisture (80.0 g/100 g), protein (1%), tannin (1.7%), pectin (0.9%), Total sugars (4.1%) and fat (1.4%). The seed is very rich in stearic, oleic and stearic triglycerides Phytochemical studies have shown that when compared with any other natural sources, kokum rind contains the highest concentration of anthocyanins (2.4 g/100 g of kokum fruit) (Nayak, Rastogi, et al., 2010; Nayak, Srinivas, et al., 2010). The anthocyanins cyanidin- 3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside are the major pigment present in kokum and is reported to occur in the ratio of 4:1. Studies have shown that (-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is the major organic acid in kokum leaves and rinds.
Molecular Properties, Kinetics and Regulation of Mammalian Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> Exchangers (1994)

Four mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE1, NHE2, NHE3 and NHE4) have been cloned. By Northern blot analysis and by immunocytochemistry, NHE1 is the housekeeping isoform Na+/H+ exchanger. NHE2 and NHE3 are epithelial cell-specific with NHE3 having properties of the intestinal and renal brush-border membrane Na+/H+ exchanger. Pharmacologically, these Na+/H+ exchangers exhibit a wide range in amiloride sensitivity with NHE1 and NHE2 being amiloride-sensitive and NHE3 being amiloride-resistant. Kinetically, they exhibit similar Na+ and H+ kinetics. Structurally, all cloned Na+/H+ exchangers have 10–12 membrane-spanning domains and a long cytoplasmic C-terminus. Structure-function studies suggest that the membrane-spanning domains are responsible for catalyzing Na+ and H+ exchange and the C-terminus is responsible for kinase regulation of Na+/H+ exchange. Although all cloned exchangers respond to growth factor and protein kinase regulation, mechanistically, NHE1 is stimulated by a change in the affinity for intracellular H+, and NHE2 and NHE3 are regulated by a change in the Vmax of exchange. Qualitatively, growth factors have only stimulatory effects on NHE1 and NHE2 but can stimulate or inhibit NHE3. In conclusion, a gene family of Na+/H+ exchangers with a diversity in amiloride sensitivity and kinase regulation has been identified. Based on the pharmacological and physiological characteristics of NHE3, it is the Na+/H+ exchanger responsible for Na+ absorption in the brush-border membranes in intestinal and renal epithelial cells.
Olfactory sensor (1988)

A molecular sensor which is based on an electrochemical model of the molecular mechanism of ion transport associated with the initial steps in olfaction is described. The olfactory sensor is obtained by functional transfer of macromolecules from homogenates of the olfactory epithelium into artificial bimolecular membranes, monolayers, and multilayers. These studies are designed to provide the necessary basis for the development of practically chemosensitive electronic devices which provide both ultratrace sensitivity and selectivity for a defined range of organic molecules.< <ETX>></ETX>
RAD25 (SSL2), the yeast homolog of the human xeroderma pigmentosum group B DNA repair gene, is essential for viability. (1992)

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients are extremely sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light and suffer from a high incidence of skin cancers, due to a defect in nucleotide excision repair. The disease is genetically heterogeneous, and seven complementation groups, A-G, have been identified. Homologs of human excision repair genes ERCC1, XPDC/ERCC2, and XPAC have been identified in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Since no homolog of human XPBC/ERCC3 existed among the known yeast genes, we cloned the yeast homolog by using XPBC cDNA as a hybridization probe. The yeast homolog, RAD25 (SSL2), encodes a protein of 843 amino acids (M(r) 95,356). The RAD25 (SSL2)- and XPBC-encoded proteins share 55% identical and 72% conserved amino acid residues, and the two proteins resemble one another in containing the conserved DNA helicase sequence motifs. A nonsense mutation at codon 799 that deletes the 45 C-terminal amino acid residues in RAD25 (SSL2) confers UV sensitivity. This mutation shows epistasis with genes in the excision repair group, whereas a synergistic increase in UV sensitivity occurs when it is combined with mutations in genes in other DNA repair pathways, indicating that RAD25 (SSL2) functions in excision repair but not in other repair pathways. We also show that RAD25 (SSL2) is an essential gene. A mutation of the Lys392 residue to arginine in the conserved Walker type A nucleotide-binding motif is lethal, suggesting an essential role of the putative RAD25 (SSL2) ATPase/DNA helicase activity in viability.
Establishing the Partnership for Critical Infrastructure Protection : Typology, Property, and Programs (2012)

In this paper, how to make a partnership to protect the critical infrastructure for making our society safer is the key question. The goal of this article is to suggest the programs for making a partnership to protect the critical infrastructures. Critical infrastructure may be defined as facility, system, function, and life which provide the vital foundation for political, economic, social, and cultural survival as a nation. And critical infrastructures were classified into 4 categories, such as Public Facility, Public System, Government Function, Vital Human Life. These classified critical infrastructures were also divided into 17 types; Transportation, Dam, Energy, Industrial Complex, Government Facilities, Banking and Finance, Electric Power, Telecommunications, Public Health, Public Order, Protecting Key Assets, Protecting VIP, Business/Commercial Facility and Technology, Lifeline, Hazardous Materials, and Psychological Panic. The properties of critical infrastructure are complexity, catastrophic damage, and insufficient private competence. Finally, three partnership programs suggested are as follows; developing the institutional framework, establishing the implementation structure, capacity building.
On the possibility of automatic multisensor image registration (2004)

Multisensor image registration is needed in a large number of applications of remote sensing imagery. The accuracy achieved with usual methods (manual control points extraction, estimation of an analytical deformation model) is not satisfactory for many applications where a subpixel accuracy for each pixel of the image is needed (change detection or image fusion, for instance). Unfortunately, there are few works in the literature about the fine registration of multisensor images and even less about the extension of approaches similar to those based on fine correlation for the case of monomodal imagery. In this paper, we analyze the problem of the automatic multisensor image registration and we introduce similarity measures which can replace the correlation coefficient in a deformation map estimation scheme. We show an example where the deformation map between a radar image and an optical one is fully automatically estimated.
Arrival Time Estimation by Adaptive Thresholding (1974)

Arrival time estimation by adaptive thresholding is described. The probability density of arrival time is derived for differentiable Markov processes. The special case of additive, stationary noise is given particular attention. A direct derivation of the probability density of arrival time for pulses with sharply rising edges is given for arbitrary noise. The results are applied to the Gaussian and Rice distributions. Comparison with the Cramer-Rao bound of estimation theory indicates the asymptotic optimality of adaptive thresholding in the latter two cases.
Notes on a CAI Seminar (1973)

article Free Access Share on Notes on a CAI Seminar Authors: Phyllis Cole Stanford Research Institute Stanford Research InstituteView Profile , Adele Goldberg Xerox Corporation -- Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California Xerox Corporation -- Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCUE OutlookVolume 7Issue 3July 1973 pp 7–10https://doi.org/10.1145/963553.963554Online:01 July 1973Publication History 0citation43DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads43Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
2008년 티베트인 시위를 통해 본 중국의 티베트문제 (2009)

2008년 3월 14일 티베트(西藏) 라싸(拉薩)에서 발생한 대규모 시위를 계기로 중국의 티베트문제는 다시 국제적 이슈화되었다. 이 논문에서는 중국정부의 풀기 어려운 난제라고 볼 수 있는 티베트문제를 다음 몇 가지 문제의식을 중심으로 연구하고 있다. 첫째, 중국정부의 티베트 통합 노력에도 불구하고 티베트 분리운동이 왜 지속되고 있는지를 중국정부와 티베트인의 현실인식 차이를 중심으로 설명한다. 둘째, 티베트 문제가 대화를 통해 해결될 수 없는 이유를 `대 티베트(大西藏) 고도자치`를 통해 살펴본다. 셋째, 티베트문제가 중국에 정치·사회적으로 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 국내외적 차원에서 분석한다. 2008년 티베트 사건을 계기로 나타난 특징은 중국에서 인터넷 공간을 중심으로 공격적 `중화주의`가 표출된 것이다. 또한 티베트문제는 중국의 국제적 지위 및 국가 이미지에 부정적 영향을 미쳐 소프트 파워를 약화시킬 수 있다. 티베트문제는 한족과 소수민족 간의 민족갈등 및 사회분열의 불씨라고 볼 수 있다. 2008년 티베트 사건을 통해 중국의 민족주의는 사회통합의 이념인 동시에 소수민족의 독립 및 사회분열의 이념이 될 수도 있음을 보여 주었다.
Some Factors Inducing Impairment of Blood Circulation in the Inner Ear and Brain (1991)

The impairment of inner ear circulation may result from abnormalities in either local or systemic parameters including blood pressure (BP), hemodynamics, the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and endolymphatic pressure. In testing this hypothesis, the blood circulation of guinea pigs and rabbits was measured by three different techniques (i. e., laser Doppler, hydrogen clearance, and oxygen tension methods). We found, first, in the normal guinea pig, blood flow (BF) in the brainstem was maintained constantly within BP range of 35-80 mmHg, though the inner ear showed weak autoregulatory functions for BF within the same BP range. The pO2 decrease following lowered BP was significantly less in the cochlea than in canal. Second, ANS dysfunction induced by denervation of the carotid sinus nerve or administration of amphetamine led to instability of BP, inhibition of baroreflex sensitivity for BP modulation, and poor autoregulatory functions for brainstem BF. Head up tilt stimulation (at 40°) also induced similar results. Third, transient interruption of blood supply to the brain and inner ear regions by microembolism was produced by plasma hyperaggregability after intravertebral arterial injection of adenosine diphosphate. Finally, in guinea pigs, unilaterally obliterated endolymphatic sac and ducts caused no significant difference in cochlear BF between non-operated and operated ears when BP was within normal range. However, cochlear BF autoregulartory functions for lowering BP declined significantly, in the hydropic ear 3 to 7 months after surgery.We discussed the control mechanisms of inner ear circulation and some local and systemic parameters causing abnormality of autoregulatory functions for the inner ear and brain BF.
Mexiletine in the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy (1992)

Evidence strongly indicates that, in particular, those patients with stabbing or burning pain, heat sensations, or formication will benefit most by mexiletine therapy. Concerning the dosage, a medium regimen of 450 mg/day seems to be appropriate. With an increase in the antiarryhthmic dosage level, the efficacy does not rise proportionally. Mexiletine proved to be a safe therapy with negligible side effects at the medium dose range, even less than placebo; and remarkably, no cardiovascular side effects were noted. Further studies should avoid global assessments and pay more attention to the variety of complaints and quality of life.
Suspending and resuming tasks in BDI agents (2008)

Intelligent agents designed to work in complex, dynamic environments must respond robustly and flexibly to environmental and circumstantial changes. An agent must be capable of deliberating about appropriate courses of action, which may include reprioritising goals, aborting particular tasks, or scheduling tasks in a particular order. This paper investigates the incorporation of a mechanism to suspend and reconsider tasks within a BDI-style architecture. Such an ability provides an agent designer greater flexibility to direct agent operation, and it offers a generic means for handling conflicts between tasks. We investigate conditions under which a goal or a plan may be suspended, the process for suspending it, and the appropriate behaviours upon resumption. We give an operational semantics for suspending tasks in terms of the abstract agent language CAN, thus providing a general mechanism that can be incorporated into any BDI-based agent programming language.