gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orange Flavor Absorption Into Various Polymeric Packaging Materials (1992)

ABSTRACT Citrus oil components (from cold‐pressed and terpeneless oils), which contribute substantially to flavor of orange juice, were shown to be absorbed into various polymeric materials [low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and surlyn (S)] used in aseptic packaging. Equilibration of absorption took place within 4 days, while extraction of the oil constituents occurred in 24 hr when higher temperatures were used. Substantial absorption of oil constituents by LDPE and S occurred while highly crystalline polymers (PP and HDPE) did not absorb much. The degree of absorption also depended on the nature of the oil constituents. Absorption was higher for terpene constituents followed by sesquiterpenes and aldehydes. Swelling factors showed that highly crystalline polymers (HDPE and PP) swelled less than crystalline polymeric materials. Citrus oil affected the crystallinity of the polymers by lowering their melting point and percent crystallinity.
Teachers' Views on the Effects of Streaming According to "Self-Management" Criteria. (2013)

The pervasiveness of academic ability grouping, or streaming, as a means of organising students into instructional groups in New Zealand schools remains a dominant discourse, despite international and New Zealand research that casts doubt on the benefits of this practice. This article documents teachers’ views on the effects of an innovative form of streaming in one small South Island secondary school. Years 9 and 10 students in this school were streamed not on the basis of academic ability, but on criteria that had been developed from the key competency of ‘managing self’ (Ministry of Education, 2007). The main advantages of key competency streaming noted by teachers were those of student motivation, the opportunity to meet the perceived needs of different groups of students, and positive ‘flow-on’ effects. Some concerns raised by the teachers were a lack of role models in the low key competency classes and the potential for stereotyping students, the lack of clarity about the criteria used to place students, the possibility of overlooking the needs of some students, and the long term effects of the streaming system. The authors suggest that discussions about streaming provide a valuable forum for professional learning and that these discussions should be situated within an ethical framework.
Deficiency of skeletal membrane protein band 4.1 in homozygous hereditary elliptocytosis. Implications for erythrocyte membrane stability. (1981)

Erythrocytes from three patients with severe hemolytic anemia, marked erythrocyte fragmentation, and elliptocytic poikilocytosis, were studied in terms of both their membrane protein composition and their mechanical characteristics. Erythrocytes from the patients' parents and one minimally affected and one normal sibling were also studied. Morphologic observations implied that the severely affected patients suffered from homozygous hereditary elliptocytosis because erythrocytes of both parents and the one minimally affected sibling showed moderate elliptocytosis on smear, whereas those of an unaffected sibling had normal morphology. The parallel findings of markedly reduced levels of band 4.1 in the erythrocyte membrane proteins of the patients and an intermediate reduction in the cells of the parents and the putative heterozygous sibling, suggest that the elliptocytic shape of the cells was related to the reduced levels of band 4.1. Additional studies showed marked abnormalities in cellular deformability and membrane fragility in the erythrocytes from the homozygous patients. Importantly, these changes were also closely proportional to the reduced levels of band 4.1, suggesting a central role for this protein in the maintenance of normal membrane stability and normal cell shape. It seems likely that this role for band 4.1 is intimately related to its known biochemical connection to the "membrane skeleton" through its linkage with spectrin and actin.
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Subjective Tinnitus (2008)

Electrical suppression of the tinnitus does not offer a promising outcome for patients with tinnitus in the presented study.
Microwave‐Enhanced Ionothermal Synthesis of Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves (2006)

Fast and safe: The combination of microwaves and ionic liquids provides a new method for the preparation of aluminophosphate molecular sieves (see picture). This method has the advantage of enabling the synthesis to be carried out at ambient pressures and results in a rapid crystallization and high structural selectivity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z600054_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Differential Nuclear Translocation and Transactivation Potential of β-Catenin and Plakoglobin (1998)

beta-Catenin and plakoglobin are homologous proteins that function in cell adhesion by linking cadherins to the cytoskeleton and in signaling by transactivation together with lymphoid-enhancing binding/T cell (LEF/TCF) transcription factors. Here we compared the nuclear translocation and transactivation abilities of beta-catenin and plakoglobin in mammalian cells. Overexpression of each of the two proteins in MDCK cells resulted in nuclear translocation and formation of nuclear aggregates. The beta-catenin-containing nuclear structures also contained LEF-1 and vinculin, while plakoglobin was inefficient in recruiting these molecules, suggesting that its interaction with LEF-1 and vinculin is significantly weaker. Moreover, transfection of LEF-1 translocated endogenous beta-catenin, but not plakoglobin to the nucleus. Chimeras consisting of Gal4 DNA-binding domain and the transactivation domains of either plakoglobin or beta-catenin were equally potent in transactivating a Gal4-responsive reporter, whereas activation of LEF-1- responsive transcription was significantly higher with beta-catenin. Overexpression of wild-type plakoglobin or mutant beta-catenin lacking the transactivation domain induced accumulation of the endogenous beta-catenin in the nucleus and LEF-1-responsive transactivation. It is further shown that the constitutive beta-catenin-dependent transactivation in SW480 colon carcinoma cells and its nuclear localization can be inhibited by overexpressing N-cadherin or alpha-catenin. The results indicate that (a) plakoglobin and beta-catenin differ in their nuclear translocation and complexing with LEF-1 and vinculin; (b) LEF-1-dependent transactivation is preferentially driven by beta-catenin; and (c) the cytoplasmic partners of beta-catenin, cadherin and alpha-catenin, can sequester it to the cytoplasm and inhibit its transcriptional activity.
Feedback Phosphorylation of the Yeast <b>a</b> -Factor Receptor Requires Activation of the Downstream Signaling Pathway from G Protein through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (2000)

The two yeast pheromone receptors, the a and alpha-factor receptors, share many functional similarities: both G protein-coupled receptors couple to the same downstream signal transduction pathway, and both receptors undergo feedback regulation involving increased phosphorylation on their C-terminal domains in response to ligand challenge. The present work, which focuses on the signaling mechanism controlling this feedback phosphorylation, indicates one striking difference. While the alpha-factor-induced phosphorylation of the alpha-factor receptor does not require activation of the downstream G protein-directed signaling pathway (B. Zanolari, S. Raths, B. Singer-Kruger, and H. Riezman, Cell 71:755-763, 1992), the a-factor-induced phosphorylation of the a-factor receptor (Ste3p) clearly does. Induced Ste3p phosphorylation was blocked in cells with disruptions of various components of the pheromone response pathway, indicating a requirement of pathway components extending from the G protein down through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Furthermore, Ste3p phosphorylation can be induced in the absence of the a-factor ligand when the signaling pathway is artificially activated, indicating that the liganded receptor is not required as a substrate for induced phosphorylation. While the activation of signaling is critical for the feedback phosphorylation of Ste3p, pheromone-induced gene transcription, one of the major outcomes of pheromone signaling, appears not to be required. This conclusion is indicated by three results. First, ste12Delta cells differ from cells with disruptions of the upstream signaling elements (e.g., ste4Delta, ste20Delta, ste5Delta, ste11Delta, ste7Delta, or fus3Delta kss1Delta cells) in that they clearly retain some capacity for inducing Ste3p phosphorylation. Second, while activated alleles of STE11 and STE12 induce a strong transcriptional response, they fail to induce a-factor receptor phosphorylation. Third, blocking of new pheromone-induced protein synthesis with cycloheximide fails to block phosphorylation. These findings are discussed within the context of a recently proposed model for pheromone signaling (P. M. Pryciak and F. A. Huntress, Genes Dev. 12:2684-2697, 1998): a key step of this model is the activation of the MAPK Fus3p through the G(betagamma)-dependent relocalization of the Ste5p-MAPK cascade to the plasma membrane. Ste3p phosphorylation may involve activated MAPK Fus3p feeding back upon plasma membrane targets.
Plagiarism is Easy, but also Easy To Detect (2006)

This paper will first take an overview of plagiarism as a problem, particularly in the field of Higher Education.It will give an outline of pedagogic issues, and approaches to reducing the problem.A significant deterrent is the practice of running students' work through plagiarism detectors, and ensuring that students realise how effectively this can be done.New research indicates that electronic copy detection can also be applied to Chinese text, as is currently done for English and for programming code.We describe one such detector, the Ferret, outlining its application to English text and its potential for use in other domains including Chinese language.We show how the Ferret is based on exploiting underlying characteristics of English word distribution, and that Chinese characters have a similar distribution.The paper concludes by comparing and contrasting man and machine when it comes to identifying copied material, and indicating how their differing memory processes can be harnessed to detect plagiarism.
Microfluidic platform for chemotaxis in gradients formed by CXCL12 source-sink cells (2010)

Chemokine CXCL12 promotes CXCR4-dependent chemotaxis of cancer cells to characteristic organs and tissues, leading to metastatic disease. This study was designed to investigate how cells expressing CXCR7 regulate chemotaxis of a separate population of CXCR4 cells under physiologic conditions in which cells are exposed to gradients of CXCL12. We recapitulated a cancer-stroma microenvironment by patterning CXCR4-expressing cancer cells in microchannels at spatially defined positions relative to CXCL12-producing cells and CXCR7-expressing cells. CXCR7 scavenges and degrades CXCL12, which has been proposed to facilitate CXCR4-dependent chemotaxis through a source-sink model. Using the microchannel device, we demonstrated that chemotaxis of CXCR4 cells depended critically on the presence and location of CXCR7 cells (sink) relative to chemokine secreting cells (source). Furthermore, inhibiting CXCR4 on migrating cells or CXCR7 on sink cells blocked CXCR4-dependent chemotaxis toward CXCL12, showing that the device can identify new therapeutic agents that block migration by targeting chemoattractant scavenging receptors. Our system enables efficient chemotaxis under much shallower yet more physiological chemoattractant gradients by generating an in vitro microenvironment where combinations of cellular products may be secreted along with formation of a chemoattractant gradient. In addition to elucidating mechanisms of CXCL-12 mediated chemotaxis, this simple and robust method can be broadly useful for engineering multiple microenvironments to investigate intercellular communication.
Early Embryonic Renal Tubules of Wild-Type and Polycystic Kidney Disease Kidneys Respond to cAMP Stimulation with Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/Na+,K+,2Cl− Co-Transporter–Dependent Cystic Dilation (2006)

Metanephric organ culture has been used to determine whether embryonic kidney tubules can be stimulated by cAMP to form cysts. Under basal culture conditions, wild-type kidneys from embryonic day 13.5 to 15.5 mice grow in size and continue ureteric bud branching and tubule formation over a 4- to 5-d period. Treatment of these kidneys with 8-Br-cAMP or the cAMP agonist forskolin induced the formation of dilated tubules within 1 h, which enlarged over several days and resulted in dramatically expanded cyst-like structures of proximal tubule and collecting duct origin. Tubule dilation was reversible upon withdrawal of 8-Br-cAMP and was inhibited by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor H89 and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor CFTR(inh)172. For further testing of the role of CFTR, metanephric cultures were prepared from mice with a targeted mutation of the Cftr gene. In contrast to kidneys from wild-type mice, those from Cftr -/- mice showed no evidence of tubular dilation in response to 8-Br-cAMP, indicating that CFTR Cl(-) channels are functional in embryonic kidneys and are required for cAMP-driven tubule expansion. A requirement for transepithelial Cl(-) transport was demonstrated by inhibiting the basolateral Na(+),K(+),2Cl(-) co-transporter with bumetanide, which effectively blocked all cAMP-stimulated tubular dilation. For determination of whether cystic dilation occurs to a greater extent in PKD kidneys in response to cAMP, Pkd1(m1Bei) -/- embryonic kidneys were treated with 8-Br-cAMP and were found to form rapidly CFTR- and Na(+),K(+),2Cl(-) co-transporter-dependent cysts that were three- to six-fold larger than those of wild-type kidneys. These results suggest that cAMP can stimulate fluid secretion early in renal tubule development during the time when renal cysts first appear in PKD kidneys and that PKD-deficient renal tubules are predisposed to abnormally increased cyst expansion in response to elevated levels of cAMP.
Automated platform for multiparameter stimulus response studies of metabolic activity at the single-cell level (2011)

We have developed a fully automated platform for multiparameter characterization of physiological response of
individual and small numbers of interacting cells. The platform allows for minimally invasive monitoring of cell
phenotypes while administering a variety of physiological insults and stimuli by means of precisely controlled
microfluidic subsystems. It features the capability to integrate a variety of sensitive intra- and extra-cellular fluorescent
probes for monitoring minute intra- and extra-cellular physiological changes. The platform allows for performance of
other, post- measurement analyses of individual cells such as transcriptomics.
Our method is based on the measurement of extracellular metabolite concentrations in hermetically sealed ~200-pL
microchambers, each containing a single cell or a small number of cells. The major components of the system are a) a
confocal laser scan head to excite and detect with single photon sensitivity the emitted photons from sensors; b) a
microfluidic cassette to confine and incubate individual cells, providing for dynamic application of external stimuli, and
c) an integration module consisting of software and hardware for automated cassette manipulation, environmental
control and data collection. The custom-built confocal scan head allows for fluorescence intensity detection with high
sensitivity and spatial confinement of the excitation light to individual pixels of the sensor area, thus minimizing any
phototoxic effects. The platform is designed to permit incorporation of multiple optical sensors for simultaneous
detection of various metabolites of interest. The modular detector structure allows for several imaging modalities,
including high resolution intracellular probe imaging and extracellular sensor readout. The integrated system allows for
simulation of physiologically relevant microenvironmental stimuli and simultaneous measurement of the elicited
phenotypes. We present details of system design, system characterization and metabolic response analysis of individual
eukaryotic cells.
Phage and Escherichia coli expression of the human high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor alpha-subunit ectodomain. Domain localization of the IgE-binding site (1993)

The high affinity IgE receptor is a multisubunit complex that participates in IgE-dependent activation of mast cells and basophils. The IgE-binding portion of the receptor resides exclusively in the alpha-subunit and specifically within the 180 residues of the mature extracytoplasmic portion. In this study the contiguous two-domain human alpha-subunit has been displayed on the surface of a filamentous bacteriophage in a form that specifically binds both human and murine IgE but not other isotypes. Phage display of the individual immunoglobulin-like domains reveals that the IgE-binding portion resides exclusively in the COOH-terminal domain and that this domain appears to bind IgE with lower affinity than the comparably displayed two-domain fragment. Phage display results using a chimeric rat-human alpha-subunit fragment suggest that structural elements within the NH2-terminal domain are necessary to impart high affinity IgE binding activity to the alpha-chain ectodomain. The two-domain human receptor fragment was also expressed in a soluble form from Escherichia coli and purified in one step by affinity chromatography. The solution binding of the purified receptor fragment to IgE was measured by fluorescence quench which afforded an approximate equilibrium affinity constant of 2 x 10(9) M-1 together with a stoichiometry of 1 receptor molecule/molecule of IgE. The complementary approach of phage display and E. coli expression used in this study represents a useful strategy for further analysis of discrete receptor epitope(s) that contribute to IgE binding activity.
Antitumor activity of oxysterols. Effect of two water-soluble monophosphoric acid diesters of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol on mastocytoma P815 in vivo. (1991)

Oxysterols, a family of naturally occurring products, have been shown to possess several biological activities. In particular, they are more toxic towards tumor cells than towards normal cells. In addition, they markedly modify immune cell responses. To carry out in vivo studies, we have synthesized phosphodiesters of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol (JB69 and XA29). These water-soluble prodrugs have a similar toxicity to their parent compound under in vitro conditions. When administered intraperitoneally to mice bearing the P815 mastocytoma, they induced significant increases in life span. The results depend on the administration protocol. Under appropriate conditions, 20 to 40% of treated mice recover completely. This, together with their immunological effect, suggests that these oxysterols should be considered to be agents for immunochemotherapeutic investigations. By their ability to inhibit HMG CoA reductase, they may prevent the biosynthesis of prenyl groups whose coupling to oncogenes is responsible for the biological activity expression of the latter. Several indications are compatible with an effect on the cell membrane. Our recent studies have shown Protein Kinase C to be a target of oxysterols. On the basis of results obtained by our group and by others, we believe that oxysterols may form a new class of antitumor agents.
Tantala Nonlinear Photonics: Design, Fabrication, and Packaging (2019)

We present a new platform for nonlinear Kerr photonics based on the material tantala. Our results show how tantala-based microcomb and supercontinuum devices can be designed, fabricated, and packaged for use in low-power integrated-optics systems.
Inhibition of IFN-γ-Stimulated Proinflammatory Cytokines by Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)Correlates with Increased Survival of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar <i>typhimurium phoP</i> in Murine Macrophages (2005)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)is a novel Th2 cytokine that has been shown previously to rescue rats and mice from the lethal effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We report that VIP inhibited production of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha)and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), at the mRNA level and that the inhibitory effect of VIP was maintained when macrophages were cocultured with an immunostimulatory concentration of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)(100 U/ml). The concentration of VIP that had optimal inhibitory effect was (1010) M. Furthermore, VIP prevented macrophage killing of a phoP mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, which is usually attenuated for virulence as a result of its inability to survive inside macrophages. However, although the effect of VIP on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was less clear, N-monoethyl arginine (NEMA)(an iNOS inhibitor)did not rescue S. typhimurium from IFN- gamma-induced death, in accordance with previous reports that suggest that iNOS is not an important Salmonella killing pathway in macrophages within the first 24 h. VIP is a potent inhibitor of inflammatory pathways that lead to significant pathologic conditions. However, it increases survival of the normally avirulent phoP mutant and is able to inhibit IFN-gamma-stimulated killing of wild-type S. typhimurium in murine macrophages. Thus, VIP inhibits the proinflammatory type 1 response, thus favoring Salmonella survival.
Nonlinear time-series analysis revisited (2015)

In 1980 and 1981, two pioneering papers laid the foundation for what became known as nonlinear time-series analysis: the analysis of observed data-typically univariate-via dynamical systems theory. Based on the concept of state-space reconstruction, this set of methods allows us to compute characteristic quantities such as Lyapunov exponents and fractal dimensions, to predict the future course of the time series, and even to reconstruct the equations of motion in some cases. In practice, however, there are a number of issues that restrict the power of this approach: whether the signal accurately and thoroughly samples the dynamics, for instance, and whether it contains noise. Moreover, the numerical algorithms that we use to instantiate these ideas are not perfect; they involve approximations, scale parameters, and finite-precision arithmetic, among other things. Even so, nonlinear time-series analysis has been used to great advantage on thousands of real and synthetic data sets from a wide variety of systems ranging from roulette wheels to lasers to the human heart. Even in cases where the data do not meet the mathematical or algorithmic requirements to assure full topological conjugacy, the results of nonlinear time-series analysis can be helpful in understanding, characterizing, and predicting dynamical systems.