gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding Protocols for Byzantine Clock Synchronization (1987)

All published fault-tolerant clock synchronization protocols are shown to result from refining a single paradigm. This allows the different clock synchronization protocols to be compared and permits presentation of a single correctness analysis that holds for all. The paradigm is based on a reliable time source that periodically causes events; detection of such an event causes a processor to reset its clock. In a distributed system, the reliable time source can be approximated by combining the values of processor clocks using a generalization of a fault-tolerant average, called a convergence function. The performance of a clock synchronization protocol based on our paradigm can be quantified in terms of the two parameters that characterize the behavior of the convergence function used: accuracy and precision.
Simulation Algorithms With Exponential Integration for Time-Domain Analysis of Large-Scale Power Delivery Networks (2016)

We design an algorithmic framework using matrix exponentials for time-domain simulation of power delivery network (PDN). Our framework can reuse factorized matrices to simulate the large-scale linear PDN system with variable stepsizes. In contrast, current conventional PDN simulation solvers have to use fixed step-size approach in order to reuse factorized matrices generated by the expensive matrix decomposition. Based on the proposed exponential integration framework, we design a PDN solver R-MATEX with the flexible time-stepping capability. The key operation of matrix exponential and vector product is computed by the rational Krylov subspace method. To further improve the runtime, we also propose a distributed computing framework DR-MATEX. DR-MATEX reduces Krylov subspace generations caused by frequent breakpoints from a large number of current sources during simulation. By virtue of the superposition property of linear system and scaling invariance property of Krylov subspace, DR-MATEX can divide the whole simulation task into subtasks based on the alignments of breakpoints among those sources. The subtasks are processed in parallel at different computing nodes without any communication during the computation of transient simulation. The final result is obtained by summing up the partial results among all the computing nodes after they finish the assigned subtasks. Therefore, our computation model belongs to the category known as embarrassingly parallel model. Experimental results show R-MATEX and DR-MATEX can achieve up to around 14.4× and 98.0× runtime speedups over traditional trapezoidal integration-based solver with fixed time-step approach.
Biometric security mechanism in Mobile paymentts (2010)

M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless handheld devices such as cellular telephone and personal digital assistants PDA. Today many people never leave home without their mobile phones. As content delivery over wireless devices becomes faster and scalable, there is wide speculation that m-commerce will surpass wireline e-commerce. M-commerce, in the context, provides a lot of services like Mobile ticketing, Mobile banking, Mobile location based services, Mobile auctions, Mobile purchasing and so on. This represents an incredible opportunity to enable mobile devices, as universal devices for mobile commerce applications. At the same time security is the biggest threat in such applications, particularly while paying through the use of Credit card, etc. The dangers of mobile commerce are the same as computer based e-commerce wireless hacks, identity theft and phishing. Phones, however, carry unique security risks like theft, cell Cloning, eavesdrop and man in middle attacks. To secure mobile commerce during payment there are some techniques in vogue like pass codes, pin number of card, identification of serial numbers stored in the sim, signature, etc. But still, these security mechanisms are not that effective, as it is easy to replicate for example one's signature or get the password or pin number. So, we here propose, one more level of security mechanism that could be used viz., the finger print, as fingerprints are one that cannot be replicated.
Potent renin inhibitory peptides containing hydrophilic end groups (1990)

A previously reported renin inhibitor, Boc-Pro-Phe-N(Me)His-Leu psi [CHOHCH2]Val-Ile-Amp (U-71038), was altered by the incorporation of polar, hydrophilic moieties at either end, e.g., tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) or glucosamine urea groups at the N-terminus, and the THAM amide or aminomethylpyridine N-oxide at the C-terminus. These modified analogues, with dramatically improved water solubility, all retained the potent renin inhibitory activity of U-71038 in vitro. The fact that good activity was maintained in these new analogues, which possess hydrophilicity and steric bulk considerably different from the parent compound, suggests that neither end of these molecules is critical for recognition and binding of the inhibitors by renin. These modified analogues were evaluated in a rat model, and several exhibited hypotensive activity after both oral and iv administration which was greater in magnitude and longer in duration than that caused by equimolar doses of U-71038. Furthermore, unlike U-71038, the oral activity of these analogues was not dependent upon administration in a citric acid vehicle.
The Magnetic Antenna (1946)

The theory of the magnetic antenna, consisting of a cylindrical rod of cemented magnetic powder around the center of which is wound a few turns of wire, is investigated. This antenna is shown to be more efficient than an electric antenna in receiving short electromagnetic waves of a few meters length. For such waves it exhibits an interesting selectivity.
On Combining Encryption for Multiple Data Streams (2005)

A novel technique is proposed to combine the encryption of multiple data streams by generating a single encrypted stream, from which any of the original data streams can subsequently be decrypted. By transforming the original data onto random bases and using specially selected duals, a secure method is proposed for the simultaneous encryption and restricted decryption of data of any dimension. These special duals allow the simple addition of transformation coefficients while allowing perfect decryption of each data stream, which otherwise is not possible. Experimentation in encrypting different images and multiple videos are presented, demonstrating the applicability of our approach. We show that our encryption technique is not only easy to code but is highly secure. The proposed technique can be used in any application where data protection is desired from unauthorized users or where restricted access is required
Multiple Metaphor Environments: designing for diversity (2003)

This paper advances a proposition for the engineering of interactive computer-based environments capable of exhibiting alternative interactive embodiments to cope with diversity in users, interaction platforms and usage contexts. Such systems are referred to as Multiple Metaphor Environments (MME). The theoretical underpinnings of an MME rely on a conception of HCI design as mapping functions in a machine-oriented language (target domain) to symbols in a user-oriented language (source domain), and vice versa. Such a conception, which is rooted in developments in communication theory and the philosophy of language, constitutes the baseline for formulating a proposal for the design of MME. The proposal comprises a set of engineering principles, process-oriented guidelines and design techniques intended to facilitate a detailed account of how interactive systems could be designed to cope with diversity. To aid the articulation of the various properties of MME, we refer to concrete case studies that provide exemplars of novel insights and promising design practices towards the specification of MME.
Optical loss measurement in graded-index fiber using a dummy fiber (1979)

The utility of an auxiliary fiber, called a dummy fiber, is investigated for optical fiber loss measurements. The dummy fiber is spliced and used to excite the test fiber. Excess loss caused by undesirable modes is found to be reduced to less than 0.05 dB by using a 500-m dummy fiber and choosing the test fiber cut length to be 2 m for reference. Loss linearity to the fiber length is examined on 6-km spliced fibers, and satisfactory agreement is obtained between the total loss and the sum of the individual fiber and splice losses.
Object identification in a Bayesian context (1997)

Object identification---the task of deciding that two observed objects are in fact one and the same object---is a fundamental requirement for any situated agent that reasons about individuals. Object identity, as represented by the equality operator between two terms in predicate calculus, is essentially a first-order concept. Raw sensory observations, on the other hand, are essentially propositional--- especially when formulated as evidence in standard probability theory. This paper describes patterns of reasoning that allow identity sentences to be grounded in sensory observations, thereby bridging the gap. We begin by defining a physical event space over which probabilities are defined. We then introduce an identity criterion, which selects those events that correspond to identity between observed objects. From this, we are able to compute the probability that any two objects are the same, given a stream of observations of many objects. We show that the appearance probability, which...
Esaki Diode NOT-OR Logic Circuits (1961)

A basic technique is presented which enables the development of Esaki diode NOT-OR logic circuits. Two embodiments of the basic scheme are discussed, which, when combined with an OR-DELAY circuit, provide a logically complete system. Emphasis is placed on the more economical of the two embodiments. A tolerance analysis is included, which demonstrates that the technique enables the practical design of logic circuits. The requirements placed on Esaki diode characteristics, and the speed limitations of the circuits, are discussed. Examples of working circuits are shown, including photographs of voltage wave shapes.
Occupational genotoxicity risk evaluation through the comet assay and the micronucleus test. (2003)

The micronucleus (MN) test and the alkaline single cell gel or comet assay were applied to exfoliated cells of the buccal mucous in order to evaluate the genotoxic risk associated with occupational exposure of 10 storage battery renovation workers, and 10 car painters, with age matched controls, in Pelotas, RS, in southern Brazil. In the MN test, 2000 exfoliated buccal cells were analyzed for each individual, while 100 cells were examined in the comet assay. In the comet test, both comet tail length and a damage index were calculated. Highly significant effects of occupational exposure were found with both the MN test and the comet assay (P<0.001). The comet assay was found to be rapid, of simple visualization, and it is a sensitive technique for measuring and analyzing DNA damage in human cells.
THE EFFECT OF EFFiCENCY FILM SENSITIV HOLEGRAPHIC (2004)

The effect ©? acid and alkility for the dichromate solution and the thicknness of gelatin layer on the effecincy of the film , also the time period between the recording and the reconstraction processes . the last effecincy was 90% for PH=5.6 and 95% for d=110 ?? . the highe effeciny for time period was 82% for 48 h .
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit phosphoinositide formation and chemotaxis in neutrophils. (1993)

Earlier studies demonstrated that dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation attenuates the chemotactic response of neutrophils and the generation of leukotriene (LT) B4 by neutrophils stimulated with calcium ionophore; however, the mechanisms and relationship of these effects were not examined. Neutrophils and monocytes from eight healthy individuals were examined before and after 3 and 10 wk of dietary supplementation with 20 g SuperEPA daily, which provides 9.4 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 5 g docosahexaenoic acid. The maximal neutrophil chemotactic response to LTB4, assessed in Boyden microchambers, decreased by 69% after 3 wk and by 93% after 10 wk from prediet values. The formation of [3H]inositol tris-phosphate (IP3) by [3H]inositol-labeled neutrophils stimulated by LTB4 decreased by 71% after 3 wk (0.033 +/- 0.013% [3H] release, mean +/- SEM) and by 90% after 10 wk (0.011 +/- 0.011%) from predict values (0.114 +/- 0.030%) as quantitated by beta-scintillation counting after resolution on HPLC. LTB4-stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis and IP3 formation correlated significantly (P < 0.0001); each response correlated closely and negatively with the EPA content of the neutrophil phosphatidylinositol (PI) pool (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.0005, respectively). Neither the affinities and densities of the high and low affinity LTB4 receptors on neutrophils nor LTB4-mediated diglyceride formation changed appreciably during the study. Similar results were observed in neutrophils activated with platelet-activating factor (PAF). The summed formation of LTB4 plus LTB5 was selectively inhibited in calcium ionophore-stimulated neutrophils and was also inhibited in zymosan-stimulated neutrophils. The inhibition of the summed formation of LTB4 plus LTB5 in calcium ionophore-stimulated neutrophils and in zymosan-stimulated neutrophils did not correlate significantly with the EPA content of the PI pool. The data indicate that dietary omega-3 PUFA supplementation inhibits the autoamplification of the neutrophil inflammatory response by decreasing LTB4 formation through the inactivation of the LTA epoxide hydrolase and independently by inhibiting LTB4- (and PAF) stimulated chemotaxis by attenuating the formation of IP3 by the PI-selective phospholipase C. This is the initial demonstration that dietary omega-3 PUFA supplementation can suppress signal transduction at the level of the PI-specific phospholipase C in humans.
Estudo sobre a formação presbiteral num seminário católico (2003)

Nesta pesquisa, realizamos uma análise institucional cujo objetivo é problematizar as práticas formativas eclesiásticas católicas, tais como elas se apresentam nos modos de funcionamento institucional de um Seminário Católico - localizado no Estado de São Paulo - e no registro do saber eclesiástico, como produtoras de uma 'modalização' específica da subjetividade (futuros padres). Apresentamos, neste artigo, dados e análises de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com a equipe dirigente da instituição, buscando compreender as relações de formação entre padres formadores e seminaristas como um dispositivo privilegiado de constituição do Seminário como agência de produção de subjetividade. Concluímos que o Seminário investigado pode ser considerado como uma instituição tipicamente disciplinar, cujo principal mecanismo e operador microfísico é o relatório (instrumento de exame, vigilância e sanção normalizadora). Sua origem pode ser encontrada no convento católico medieval, matriz de diversas instituições totais. Sua técnica básica é o confinamento e sua lógica é totalitária e "panóptica".
Experimental Investigation of Crack Detection in Cantilever Beam Using Natural Frequency as Basic Criterion (2011)

Crack changes the dynamic behaviour of the structure and by examining this change, crack size and position can be identified. Non destructive testing (NDT) methods are used for detection of crack which are very costly and time consuming. Currently research has focused on using modal parameters like natural frequency, mode shape and damping. to detect crack in beams. In this paper a method for detection of open transverse crack in a slender Euler-Bernoulli beam is presented. Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) was performed on cracked beams and a healthy beam. The first three natural frequencies were considered as basic criterion for crack detection. To locate the crack, 3D graphs of the normalized frequency in terms of the crack depth and location are plotted. The intersection of these three contours gives crack location and crack depth. Out of several case studies conducted the results of one of the case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the method suggested. Index Terms — Crack, Euler-Bernoulli, mode shape, natural frequency.
The roles and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, intermediate filaments and microtubules in smooth muscle cell migration (2017)

Smooth muscle cell migration has been implicated in the development of respiratory and cardiovascular systems; and airway/vascular remodeling. Cell migration is a polarized cellular process involving a protrusive cell front and a retracting trailing rear. There are three cytoskeletal systems in mammalian cells: the actin cytoskeleton, the intermediate filament network, and microtubules; all of which regulate all or part of the migrated process. The dynamic actin cytoskeleton spatially and temporally regulates protrusion, adhesions, contraction, and retraction from the cell front to the rear. c-Abl tyrosine kinase plays a critical role in regulating actin dynamics and migration of airway smooth muscle cells and nonmuscle cells. Recent studies suggest that intermediate filaments undergo reorganization during migration, which coordinates focal adhesion dynamics, cell contraction, and nucleus rigidity. In particular, vimentin intermediate filaments undergo phosphorylation and reorientation in smooth muscle cells, which may regulate cell contraction and focal adhesion assembly/disassembly. Motile cells are characterized by a front-rear polarization of the microtubule framework, which regulates all essential processes leading to cell migration through its role in cell mechanics, intracellular trafficking, and signaling. This review recapitulates our current knowledge how the three cytoskeletal systems spatially and temporally modulate the migratory properties of cells. We also summarize the potential role of migration-associated biomolecules in lung and vascular diseases.
Pretreatment with melatonin exerts anti‐inflammatory effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model (2004)

Inflammatory response following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion plays a key pathogenic role in ischemic cerebral damage. Nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are important inflammatory mediators. Neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) is a major initial source of excessive NO during ischemia/reperfusion. Induction of COX-2 and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells expressing MPO are critical factors in delayed inflammatory damage. Previously, we demonstrated that administration of melatonin before ischemia significantly reduced the infarct volume in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model. In this study, we examined the effect of pretreatment with melatonin at 5 mg/kg on the immunoreactivity (ir) for nNOS, COX-2, MPO, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at 24, 48, and 72 hr after right-sided endovascular MCAO for 1 hr in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Melatonin did not affect the hemodynamic parameters. When compared with rats with sham MCAO, ischemia/reperfusion led to an ipsilateral increase in cells with positive ir for nNOS (similar at all times) and in ir-GFAP (similar at all times). Ischemia/reperfusion led to appearance of cells with positive ir for COX-2 (greatest at 24 hr with a tendency to increase again at 72 hr) or MPO (greatest at 24 hr). A single dose of melatonin significantly lessened the ipsilateral increase in cells with positive ir for nNOS, COX-2 or MPO, but did not influence the ipsilateral change in ir-GFAP. Our results suggest that melatonin treatment mediates neuroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury partly via inhibition of the consequential inflammatory response.
Competitive MAC under adversarial SINR (2014)

This paper considers the problem of how to efficiently share a wireless medium which is subject to harsh external interference or even jamming. While this problem has already been studied intensively for simplistic single-hop or unit disk graph models, we make a leap forward and study MAC protocols for the SINR interference model (a.k.a. the physical model). We make two contributions. First, we introduce a new adversarial SINR model which captures a wide range of interference phenomena. Concretely, we consider a powerful, adaptive adversary which can jam nodes at arbitrary times and which is only limited by some energy budget. The second contribution of this paper is a distributed MAC protocol which provably achieves a constant competitive throughput in this environment: we show that, with high probability, the protocol ensures that a constant fraction of the non-blocked time periods is used for successful transmissions. Our results also highlight an inherent difference between the SINR model and unit disk graph models.
Adaptation of Tissue to a Chronic Heat Load (1994)

Determination of the chronic effect of heat on tissue is one of the important issues facing mechanically actuated total artificial heart (TAH) development. In an effort to characterize this effect, implantations of heating devices producing constant heat fluxes of 0.04 watts/cm2, 0.06 W/cm2, and 0.08 W/cm2 were performed in 11 calves (H-series). Heated disks were implanted adjacent to lung and muscle tissue for a period of 7 weeks. Temperature sensors were placed at the surface as part of the heater assemblies. The results showed that initially, temperature elevations above body temperature (delta T) were 6.4 +/- 0.6 degrees C, 4.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C, and 1.8 +/- 0.5 degrees C at the muscle heater surface for 0.08, 0.06, and 0.04 W/cm2, respectively. At 2 weeks after implant delta T values changed to 5.5 +/- 0.6 degrees C, 3.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C, and 1.8 +/- 0.2 degrees C, respectively. Seven weeks after implant, delta T values decreased to 3.7 +/- 1.2 degrees C, 2.8 +/- 0.1 degrees C, and 0.8 degrees C for 0.08, 0.06, and 0.04 W/cm2, respectively. The authors think this change is attributable to an adaptive response of the tissue to increase heat dissipation through angiogenesis. Results from three TAH cases indicated that at two measured tissue interfaces, delta T decreased by 1 degrees C during a 15 day period. At the same time, the waste heat (volts x current in-flow x afterload to the blood) remained constant at 11.1 +/- 0.5 W during this period. This decrease in delta T corresponded to that observed for the H-series experiments at the higher heat fluxes. Thus, it appears that adaptation observed in the H-series experiments also is seen for tissues surrounding heat sources such as the TAH.
The Single-Subject Randomized Trial (1993)

The purpose of a single-subject randomized trial is to assess objectively the efficacy of a specific therapeutic intervention in an individual patient. Treatment is randomly alternated with placebo over a number of study periods. Specific outcome measures are recorded blindly and later compared via paired statistical analysis. Single-subject trials have long been successfully performed in adults, but rarely in children. We present single-subject trials of two pediatric patients done to assess the effect of cisapride on symptoms arising from gastroesophageal reflux. In the first patient, the drug affected neither vomiting nor gagging, although stool frequency increased. Since the symptoms of concern were unaffected, cisapride was discontinued. In the second patient, use of cisapride led to a significant decrease in vomiting and wheezing; the drug was therefore incorporated into the therapeutic regimen. Single-subject randomized trials are inexpensive and simple and can be used by the family physician, pediatrician, or pediatric surgeon in daily practice. They permit the rational use of effective therapy and the abandonment of ineffective measures.