gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AICAR-induced activation of AMPK negatively regulates myotube hypertrophy through the HSP72-mediated pathway in C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub>skeletal muscle cells (2013)

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. However, the precise mechanism of AMPK-mediated regulation of muscle mass is not fully clarified. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), stress-induced molecular chaperones, are related with skeletal muscle adaptation, but the association between AMPK and HSPs in skeletal muscle hypertrophy is unknown. Thus, we investigated whether AMPK regulates hypertrophy by mediating HSPs in C2C12 cells. The treatment with AICAR, a potent stimulator of AMPK, decreased 72-kDa HSP (HSP72) expression, whereas there were no changes in the expressions of 25-kDa HSP, 70-kDa heat shock cognate, and heat shock transcription factor 1 in myotubes. Protein content and diameter were less in the AICAR-treated myotubes in those without treatment. AICAR-induced suppression of myotube hypertrophy and HSP72 expression was attenuated in the siRNA-mediated AMPKα knockdown myotubes. AICAR increased microRNA (miR)-1, a modulator of HSP72, and the increase of miR-1 was not induced in AMPKα knockdown condition. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated HSP72 knockdown blocked AICAR-induced inhibition of myotube hypertrophy. AICAR upregulated the gene expression of muscle Ring-finger 1, and this alteration was suppressed in either AMPKα or HSP72 knockdown myotubes. The phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase Thr(389) was downregulated by AICAR, whereas this was attenuated in AMPKα, but not in HSP72, knockdown myotubes. These results suggest that AMPK inhibits hypertrophy through, in part, an HSP72-associated mechanism via miR-1 and protein degradation pathways in skeletal muscle cells.
An example of testing versus verification (1992)

Abstract The verification of an SR flip‐flop is contrasted with a testing approach.
Lark: Bringing Network Awareness to High Throughput Computing (2015)

High throughput computing (HTC) systems are widely adopted in scientific discovery and engineering research. They are responsible for scheduling submitted batch jobs to utilize the cluster resources. Current systems mostly focus on managing computing resources like CPU and memory, however, they lack flexible and fine-grained management mechanisms for network resources. This has increasingly been an urgent need as current batch systems may be distributed among dozens of sites around the globe like Open Science Grid. The Lark project was motivated by this need to re-examine how the HTC layer interacts with the network layer. In this paper, we present the system architecture of Lark and its implementation as a plugin of HTCondor which is a popular HTC software project. Lark achieves lightweight network virtualization at per-job granularity for HTCondor by utilizing Linux container and virtual Ethernet devices, this provides each batch job with a unique network address in a private network namespace. We extended HTCondor's description language, Class Ads, so users can specify networking requirements in the job submission script. HTCondor can perform matchmaking to make sure user-specified network requirements and resource-specific policies are fulfilled. We also extended the job agent, condor starter, so that it can manage and configure the job's network environment. Given this important building block as the core, we implement bandwidth management functionality at both the host and network levels utilizing software-defined networking (SDN). Our experiments and evaluations show that Lark can effectively manage network resources within the cluster with low overhead. It provides the users with better predictability of their job execution and the administrators more flexibility in network resource consumption policies.
Xerosis and pruritus in the elderly: recognition and management (2003)

Xerosis (dry skin) is characterized by pruritic, dry, cracked and fissured skin. Dry skin may be diagnosed as xerosis, eczema craquelé, dyshidrotic eczema, or asteatotic eczema. Two of the most common dermatologic problems found in nursing home residents are xerosis and pruitus. This article focuses on the recognition and treatment of these conditions, and stresses the importance of comprehensive treatment for these conditions as a preventative against stasis dermatitis and ulcer formation.
Über Phenol‐Oxydationen (1963)

Abstract Erst in jüngster Zeit mehren sich die Beispiele, in denen die altbekannte Methode der Phenol‐Oxydation zum Knüpfen von CC‐ und CO‐Bindungen präparativ verwendet wird. Eine Auswahl der Oxydationsprodukte ein‐ und mehrwertiger Phenole und die Diskussion der Reaktionsmechanismen zeigen den Anwendungsbereich. Die Bildung von Hydroxyphenylchinonen und Orcein‐Farbstoffen aus Resorcin‐Derivaten wird geklärt. Die Synthese von Naturstoffen durch Phenol‐Oxydation wird kurz besprochen.
Antibody testing for coronavirus disease 2019: not ready for prime time (2020)

The tests need work, and fundamental questions remain about immunity
Proximal femoral density distribution and structure in relation to age and hip fracture risk in women (2012)

Hip fracture risk rises exponentially with age, but there is little knowledge about how fracture-related alterations in hip structure differ from those of aging. We employed computed tomography (CT) imaging to visualize the three-dimensional (3D) spatial distribution of bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip in relation to age and incident hip fracture. We used intersubject image registration to integrate 3D hip CT images into a statistical atlas comprising women aged 21 to 97 years (n = 349) and a group of women with (n = 74) and without (n = 148) incident hip fracture 4 to 7 years after their imaging session. Voxel-based morphometry was used to generate Student's t test statistical maps from the atlas, which indicated regions that were significantly associated with age or with incident hip fracture. Scaling factors derived from intersubject image registration were employed as measures of bone size. BMD comparisons of young, middle-aged, and older American women showed preservation of load-bearing cortical and trabecular structures with aging, whereas extensive bone loss was observed in other trabecular and cortical regions. In contrast, comparisons of older Icelandic fracture women with age-matched controls showed that hip fracture was associated with a global cortical bone deficit, including both the superior cortical margin and the load-bearing inferior cortex. Bone size comparisons showed larger dimensions in older compared to younger American women and in older Icelandic fracture women compared to controls. The results indicate that older Icelandic women who sustain incident hip fracture have a structural phenotype that cannot be described as an accelerated pattern of normal age-related loss. The fracture-related cortical deficit noted in this study may provide a biomarker of increased hip fracture risk that may be translatable to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and other clinical images.
Building Web-based collaboration services on mobile phones (2008)

Three technical trends are heralding a new era of collaboration technologies: (1) the growing popularity and power of mobile devices, (2) the demand for business solutions and collaboration tools on mobile devices, and (3) Web 2.0 as a new platform for developing interactive applications across devices. Based on this convergence, we maintain that the new generation of collaboration systems be provided on mobile phones as Web-based software services. The wide adoption of mobile phones has formed a critical mass of users that is necessary for any collaboration technology to succeed. The adoption of mobile collaboration services, however, is not just a matter of design but also depends on factors such as mobile network coverage. In this article, we analyze the trends and draw six principles for guiding our design of a new collaboration service for supporting formal business meetings on mobile phones.
The prognostic value of circulating plasma DNA level and its allelic imbalance on chromosome 8p in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2006)

Combination of circulating plasma DNA level and AI at D8S258 might be an independent predictor for prognosis of HCC patients.
Basic Properties and a Construction Method for Fail-Safe Logical Systems (1967)

In this paper, the authors study ``fail-safe'' properties of logical systems, finding the conditions that the basic logical functions of fail-safe logical systems should satisfy and also identifying the allowable failures for the basic logical function circuits. With these results, the authors present a systematic representation of fail-safe logical systems, and an effective method of logical design for fail-safe systems.
Biomechanical alterations in the carpal arch and hand muscles after carpal tunnel release: A further approach toward understanding the function of the flexor retinaculum and the cause of postoperative grip weakness (1996)

The difference between maximal and minimal distance covered (the distance between the trapezium ridge and hamate hook; moment exerted on structures: 1 Nm) by an intact flexor retinaculum (FR; minimum, 3.3 +/- 0.1 cm; maximum, 3.7 +/- 0.2 cm) and the increase in the maximal distance on carpal tunnel release (CTR; increase, 1.6 +/- 0.2 mm) were significant. Under an external supination moment, the distance between the attachments of the trapeziopisiform band increased after CTR. Under external pronation and ulnar abduction moments, the distance between the attachments of the scaphoideohamate band increased after CTR. The CTR resulted in an anatomic attachment loss for the following muscles: the superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis (shortening by approximately 25%, relative to rest length), the ulnar part of the abductor pollicis brevis (with opposition and adductory functions, approximately 20%), the opponens pollicis (approximately 20%), the middle part of the abductor pollicis brevis (approximately 7%), and the opponens digiti minimi (approximately 10%). Preoperative and postoperative (2-7 weeks after surgery) measurements of the reaction force of the distal phalanx (under isometric thumb opposition and finger II-IV flexion with extended carpal joint) led to differentiation of three groups: (1) significant strength loss--the patients showed difficulties with grasping, lifting, twisting off lids and caps, screwing, pulling ropes, and pinching; (2) no significant change in force values; and (3) a significant increase in strength (patients who could grip more firmly).
Catalytic Reduction of NO<sub>2</sub>with Hydrogen on Pt Field Emitter Tips: Kinetic Instabilities on the Nanoscale (2010)

The catalytic reduction of NO(2) with hydrogen on a Pt field emitter tip is investigated using both field electron microscopy (FEM) and field ion microscopy (FIM). A rich variety of nonlinear behavior and unusually high catalytic activity around the {012} facets are observed. Our FEM investigations reveal that the correlation function exhibits damped oscillations with a decaying envelope, showing that molecular noise will influence the dynamics of the oscillations. The dependence of the oscillatory period on the P(H(2))/P(NO(2)) pressure ratios is analyzed. Similar patterns are reported under FIM conditions. Corresponding density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the adsorption of NO(2) on Pt{012} in the presence of an external electric field are performed in order to gain an atomistic understanding of the underlying nonlinear phenomena.
Triglyceride Levels in Sons of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (1994)

Editorials15 October 1994Triglyceride Levels in Sons of Patients with Coronary Artery DiseaseScott M. Grundy, MD, PhDScott M. Grundy, MD, PhDUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; Dallas, TX 75235-9052Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-8-199410150-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In this issue, the report by Uiterwaal and colleagues [1] indicates that healthy young sons of fathers with established coronary artery disease have a greater postprandial triglyceride response than do sons of fathers without this disease. This finding appears to be the result of a carefully conducted study, and although the difference in responses between the two groups is not great, it is statistically significant. Two alternative explanations could account for the difference in response in the two types of offspring: The difference could be either acquired or genetic. Both possibilities must be considered.An acquired difference might be one ...References1. Uiterwaal CS, Grobbee DE, Witteman JC, van Stiphout WA, Krauss XH, Havekes LM, et al. Postprandial triglyceride response in young adult men and familial risk for coronary atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:576-83. Google Scholar2. Grundy SM, Vega GL. Two different views of the relationship of hypertriglyceridemia to coronary heart disease: implications for treatment. Arch Intern Med. 1992; 152:28-34. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; Dallas, TX 75235-9052 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPostprandial Triglyceride Response in Young Adult Men and Familial Risk for Coronary Atherosclerosis Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal , Diederick E. Grobbee , Jacqueline C. M. Witteman , Willy-Anne H. J. van Stiphout , Xeno H. Krauss , Louis M. Havekes , Anthony M. de Bruijn , Arie van Tol , and Albert Hofman Metrics 15 October 1994Volume 121, Issue 8Page: 614-615KeywordsCholesterolDietDyslipidemiaGenetic diseasesGeneticsHabitsLipoproteinsLow density lipoproteinMyocardial infarctionStable coronary artery disease Issue Published: 15 October 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Das Tübinger Projekt Häusliche Betreuung Schwerkranker: Akzeptanz eines ambulanten Palliativdienstes bei Hausärzten (2002)

Die Akzeptanz eines seit zehn Jahren etablierten ambulanten Palliativdienstes für den Landkreis Tübingen wurde durch schriftliche Umfrage bei den 139 Hausärzten im Einzugsgebiet untersucht. Der Dienst wurde sehr positiv bewertet, gleichermaßen der pflegerische Bereich und der integrierte palliativärztliche Konsiliardienst. Das Spezialwissen und die Kompetenz in Palliative Care, die psychosoziale Betreuung der Familien, gute Organisation und Kommunikation, die hohe Flexibilität, die 24-Stunden-Erreichbarkeit und die Zuverlässigkeit des ambulanten Palliativpflegedienstes wurden anerkannt. Die optimale Schmerz- und Symptomkontrolle, die palliativmedizinische Beratung rund um die Uhr und das Angebot von Hausbesuchen waren Gründe für die hohe Akzeptanz des ärztlichen Konsiliardienstes.
Toward a Fully Automatic Learner Modeling Based on Web Usage Mining with Respect to Educational Preferences and Learning Styles (2013)

In this paper, we describe a fully automatic learner modeling approach in learning management systems, taking into account learners' educational preferences including learning styles. We propose a learner model with three components: the learner's profile, learner's knowledge, and learner's educational preferences. The learner's profile represents the learner's general information such as identification data, the learner's knowledge implies the learner's interests on visited learning objects, and the learner's educational preferences are composed of the learner's preferences among visited learning objects and his/her learning style. In the proposed approach, all learner model components are automatically detected, without requiring explicit feedback. Indeed, all the basic learners' information is inferred from the learners' online activities and usage data, based on web usage mining techniques and a literature-based approach for the automatic detection of learning styles in learning management systems. Once learner models are built, we apply a hierarchical multi-level model based collaborative filtering approach, in order to gather learners with similar preferences and interests in the same groups.
Insulinomatosis: a case report and review of literature (2014)

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of insulinomatosis,and to improve the awareness of the disease.Methods The clinical and pathological characters of a case of insulinomatosis diagnosed in Chinese PLA General Hospital and the pertinent literatures were analyzed and summarized.Results (1) Insulinomatosis mostly occurs in females and rarely develops metastases,the patients are considerably younger at diagnosis.The rate of recurrent hyper-insulinemic hypoglycemia episodes in insulinomatosis is higher than that in sporadic solitary insulinoma and MEN related insulinoma.(2) The typical character of insulinomatosis is the synchronous and metachronous occurrence of insulinomas.Micro-adenoma,macro-adenoma and insulin-expressing monohormonal endocrine cell clusters (IMECCs) can be found in the pathological photograph.(3) Total pancreatectomy was the bcst choice to treat insulinomatosis.(4) The etiology of insulinomatosis was still unclear,no MEN-1 mutation was found.Conclusion Insulinomatosis is characterized by the synchronous and metachronous occurrence of insulinomas,multiple insulinoma precursor lesions,and recurrent hypoglycemia.

Key words: 
Insulinomatosis ;  Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia;  Insulinoma
Repression of myogenin function by TGF-beta 1 is targeted at the basic helix-loop-helix motif and is independent of E2A products. (1992)

The muscle-specific helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins myogenin, MyoD, myf5, and MRF4 form hetero-oligomers with ubiquitous HLH proteins encoded by the E2A gene and activate muscle transcription by binding to a DNA sequence known as an E-box (CANNTG). Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) can inhibit muscle differentiation by silencing the transcription-activating potential of myogenic HLH proteins without affecting their ability to bind DNA. We show that repression by TGF-beta is directed at the basic-HLH motif of myogenin and is independent of E2A products. Using a series of reporter genes as targets for trans-activation by myogenin, transcriptional repression by TGF-beta is also shown to map to the E-box motif and to not require heterologous DNA sequence elements. These results demonstrate that TGF-beta represses muscle-specific transcription through a post-translational mechanism that renders the basic-HLH regions of the myogenic regulators nonfunctional. The selective repression of myogenic HLH proteins by TGF-beta indicates that the TGF-beta signaling system can discriminate between different classes of HLH proteins and implies that myogenic HLH proteins activate muscle-specific transcription through a unique mechanism.
Costs and utilization of corn in seven Iowa counties (1932)

The demand for information on the cost of producing an acre or a bushel of corn has increased greatly during the past few years. This is especially true in Iowa, where corn is the basic crop.\nInquiring individuals are often disappointed when they learn that corn cost data are not available in simple terms of dollars and cents. This is so because they fail to realize the difficulties encountered in attempting to evaluate (measure the quantity as well as the quality of) some of the more important elements of cost. They also overlook the fact that the cost of producing corn depends largely on local soil, climatic and economic conditions and that these factors vary from one section of the state to another.
Detecting structural changes in viral capsids by hydrogen exchange and mass spectrometry (2001)

Amide hydrogen exchange and mass spectrometry have been used to study the pH-induced structural changes in the capsid of brome mosaic virus (BMV). Capsid protein was labeled in a structurally sensitive way by incubating intact viral particles in D(2)O at pH 5.4 and 7.3. Deuterium levels in the intact coat protein and its proteolytic fragments were determined by mass spectrometry. The largest deuterium increases induced by structural alteration occurred in the regions around the quasi-threefold axes, which are located at the center of the asymmetric unit. The increased levels of deuterium indicate loosening of structure in these regions. This observation confirms the previously proposed swelling model for BMV and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and is consistent with the structure of swollen CCMV recently determined by cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction. Structural changes in the extended N- and C-terminal arms were also detected and compared with the results obtained with other swollen plant viruses. This study demonstrates that protein fragmentation/amide hydrogen exchange is a useful tool for probing structural changes in viral capsids.
Backside-gated modulation-doped GaAs-(AlGa)As heterojunction interface (1981)

We present a new kind of gated modulation-doped GaAs-(AlGa)As heterojunction interface. The gate voltage is applied from the backside of the specimen. Gate voltage dependences of the two-dimensional electron concentration and its mobility μ are determined. The density variation is strictly linear in gate voltage, and the mobility follows approximately a law μ∝n5/2 over the explored region. This concept is similar to a junction field-effect transistor but with a two-dimensional channel. Forward bias improves the mobility by ≊50% to ≊120 000 (cm2/V sec).
Bridging Space Over Time: Global Virtual Team Dynamics and Effectiveness (2000)

Global virtual teams are internationally distributed groups of people with an organizational mandate to make or implement decisions with international components and implications. They are typically assigned tasks that are strategically important and highly complex. They rarely meet in person, conducting almost all of their interaction and decision making using communications technology. Although they play an increasingly important role in multinational organizations, little systematic is known about their dynamics or effectiveness. This study built a grounded theory of global virtual team processes and performance over time. We built a template based on Adaptive Structuration Theory (DeSanctis and Poole 1994) to guide our research, and we conducted a case study, observing three global virtual teams over a period of 21 months. Data were gathered using multiple methods, and qualitative methods were used to analyze them and generate a theory of global virtual team dynamics and effectiveness. First, we propose that effective global virtual team interaction comprises a series of communication incidents, each configured by aspects of the team's structural and process elements. Effective outcomes were associated with a fit among an interaction incident's form, decision process, and complexity. Second, effective global virtual teams sequence these incidents to generate a deep rhythm of regular face-to-face incidents interspersed with less intensive, shorter incidents using various media. These two insights are discussed with respect to other literature and are elaborated upon in several propositions. Implications for research and practice are also outlined.
Ethanol fermentation of a diluted molasses medium by Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized on chrysotile (2003)

In this work, the catalytic role of chrysotile support on the acceleration of alcoholic fermentation under non-aseptic conditions by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. The fermentation medium employed consisted only of diluted sugar-cane molasses. In the batch fermentations process with immobilized yeasts, the initial rate of CO2 production increased roughly 27 % during the first 30 minutes, compared to systems containing no chrysotile. A study of continuous alcoholic fermentation with chrysotile in the reactor bed showed a higher ethanol production rate at the different dilution rates investigated compared to similar fermentations without chrysotile.