gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Norepinephrine Reuptake Is Impaired in Skeletal Muscle of Hypertensive Rats In Vivo (2001)

Certain forms of experimental hypertension are characterized by organ-specific alterations of catecholaminergic pathways. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in the same awake and freely moving normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) before and after the development of arterial hypertension, the norepinephrine (NE) turnover and, in particular, the neuronal NE reuptake activity that ends its effects once released from nerve terminals, in subcutaneous adipose tissue and in skeletal muscle, whose sympathetic efferents are respectively independent or dependent from baroreflexes. Plasma and tissue interstitial NE and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DHPG), its major deaminated metabolite, were measured before and after blockade of NE reuptake by tissue perfusion of desipramine through microdialysis probes. Arterial pressure and plasma NE in SHR were similar to those in WKY at 5 weeks of age but increased at 16 weeks of age. In contrast, plasma DHPG was already higher in young SHR. Basal interstitial NE and DHPG were increased in both tissues of young and old SHR compared with age-matched WKY. Desipramine induced a higher rise of interstitial NE in SHR of both ages, with a lesser increase in the skeletal muscle of old compared with young SHR. These results indicate an increased NE turnover in prehypertensive and hypertensive SHR in both baroreflex-dependent and -independent tissues, not shown by plasma NE levels in young SHR. In the skeletal muscle, where sympathetic efferents are baroreflex dependent, the reduced interstitial NE reuptake contributes to the higher availability of interstitial NE for postsynaptic effects in old SHR.
Closed-loop carrier-envelope phase stabilization with an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter (2009)

We demonstrate arbitrary carrier-envelope (CE) phase control of femtosecond laser pulses by an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter (AOPDF), with an accuracy better than pi/100 at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. We also demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, 15 Hz closed-loop CE phase stabilization using an AOPDF inside a 1 kHz chirped pulse amplifier to correct for slow CE phase drifts.
Stabilized Soils Incorporating Combinations of Rice Husk Ash and Cement Kiln Dust (2011)

Cement kiln dust, rice husk ash, and their combinations are used variously as stabilizers in different percentages (maximum up to 20%) to develop and evaluate stabilized clayey soils. The influence of stabilizer types and dosages on fresh and mechanical properties is evaluated through Atterberg limits, standard Proctor compaction, unconfined compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The durability characteristics of 19 developed stabilized soil mixtures are also investigated by studying the influence of water immersion on strength, water sorptivity, and drying shrinkage. Correlations between strength, modulus of elasticity, and CBR are also established. Developed stabilized soil mixtures have shown satisfactory strength and durability characteristics and can be used for low-cost construction to build houses and road infrastructures. The use of locally available soils, rice husk ash, and cement kiln dust (waste from the cement industry) in the production of stabilized soils for such applications can provide sustainability for the local construction industry.
Nano- Bio- Textile Sensors with Mobile Wireless Platform for Wearable Health Monitoring of Neurological and Cardiovascular Disorders (2013)

Neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases and strokes are leading causes of mortality worldwide. Diagnostics and therapeutics for patients under timely point-of-care can save thousands of lives. However, lack of access to minimally-intrusive monitoring systems makes timely diagnosis difficult and sometimes impossible. Existing ambulatory recording equipment are incapable of performing continuous remote patient monitoring because of the inability of conventional silver-silver-chloride-gel-electrodes to perform long-term monitoring, non-reusability, lack of scalable-standardized wireless communication platforms, and user-friendly design. Recent progress in textile-based nanosensors and mobile platforms has resulted in novel wearable health monitoring systems for neurological and cardiovascular disorders. This review paper discusses nanostructured-textile-based dry electrodes that are better suited for long-term measurement of electrocardiography(ECG), electroencephalography(EEG), electrooculography(EOG), electromyography(EMG) and bioimpedance with very low baseline noise, improved sensitivity and seamless integration into garments of daily use. It presents bioelectromagnetic principles of origination and propagation of bioelectric signals and nanosensor functioning, which provide a unique perspective on development of novel wearable systems that harness their potential. Combined with state-of-the-art embedded wireless network devices to communicate with smartphone, laptop or directly to remote server through mobile network (GSM,4G-LTE,GPRS), they can function as wearable wireless health- diagnostic systems that are more intuitive to use.
Competition and Integration Among Complements, and Network Market Structure (1992)

This article analyzes the competition and integration among complementary products that can be combined to create composite goods or systems. The model generalizes the Cournot duopoly complements model to the case in which there are multiple brands of compatible components. It analyzes equilibrium prices for a variety of organizational and market structures that differ in their degree of competition and integration. The model applies to a variety of product networks, including automatic teller machines, real estate multiple listing services, and airlines CRS, as well as to nonnetwork markets of compatible components such as computer CPUs and peripherals, hardware and software, and long distance and local telephone services. Copyright 1992 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The activation of fibroblast growth factors by heparin: Synthesis and structural study of rationally modified heparin-like oligosaccharides (2002)

Heparin-like hexasaccharide 3 and octasaccharide 4 have been synthesized using a convergent block strategy and their solution conformations have been determined by NMR spectroscopy. Both oligosaccharides contain the basic structural motif of the regular region of heparin but have been constructed as to display negatively charged sulfate groups only on one side of their solution helical structures. This charge distribution along the saccharide chain has been designed to get insight into the proposed mechanism for fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) activation that involves heparin-induced FGF dimerization.Key words: heparin oligosaccharides, synthesis design, conformational analysis, FGF activation.
Regulation of the conductance and resting potential by extracellular K+ in frog taste receptor cells. (2000)

The effect of extracellular K+ on membrane currents was investigated by the patch clamp and fast perfusion techniques in frog (Rana temporaria) taste receptor cells (TRCs). When added to the bath, K+ increased the TRC conductance. The integral current and current fluctuations depended on the K+ concentration (2.5-90 mM) in the manner which suggested extracellular K+ to serve as a ligand activating ionic channels (potassium-activated (PA) channels). The influence of different ions on the PA current reversal potential indicated that the responsible channels are mainly permeable to K+ and H+. Relative permeabilities were estimated as P(H):P(K) = 3600:1. With 110 mM KCl in the patch pipette and 110 mM NaCl in the bath, isolated TRCs exhibited the resting potentials from -75 to -65 mV. When raised from 2.5 to 110 mM, extracellular K+ intensively depolarized TRCs. Membrane potential vs. K+ concentration displayed a slope of about 41 mV per logarithmic unit. This indicates that the K+ permeability of the TRC membrane dominates the other in setting the potential. With 10 mM K+ in the bath, the PA channels were the major contributor to setting the TRC resting potential. External K+ markedly increased the sensitivity of isolated TRCs to bath solution pH due to the activation of the PA channels suggesting their role in sour transduction.
Some approaches to the synthesis of kainic acid (1984)

A strategy for the synthesis of the anthelmintic kainic acid is described, involving an investigation of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of some azomethine ylides obtained from the thermal ring opening of aziridines and 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3-triazoles, with cyclopentenone.
Simulating human tasks using simple natural language instructions (2002)

The authors report a simple natural language interface to a human task simulation system that graphically displays the performance of goal-directed tasks by an agent in a workspace. The inputs to the system are simple natural language commands requiring achievement of spatial relationships among objects in the workspace. To animate the behaviors denoted by instructions, a semantics of action verbs and locative expressions is devised in terms of physically based components, in particular geometric or spatial relations among the relevant objects. To generate human body motions to achieve such geometric goals, motion strategies and a planner that used them are devised.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
UREA METABOLISM IN MAN* (1959)

Urea has long been considered to be meta- bolically inert. However, recent studies with isotopic urea in several species of animals have revealed that urea is hydrolyzed in the alimentary tract even when administered parenterally (1-5). This breakdown is presumably due to the action of bacterial urease, since urea metabolism can be eliminated or reduced to negligible proportions by the administration of antibiotics.
Disinfection of Rice Seeds Prior to Sprouting (1997)

ABSTRACT Different methods of rice seeds disinfection were investigated in order to limit the development of micro‐organisms during sprouting. At room temperature, sodium hypochlorite at 1000 ppm or hydrogen peroxide resulted in a 2 to 3 log decrease in aerobic plate counts. Ethanol was found to inhibit germination, thus prohibiting its use. The limited effectiveness of decontaminating solutions could be because they did not access the bacteria, which was supported by the results of washing with benzalkonium chloride. Greater reduction (up to 5 log) was obtained by soaking seeds for 5 min in a sodium hypochlorite solution at 60°C.
Attenuating natural flicker patterns (2005)

Waves on the water surface create spatio-temporal illumination patterns underwater. Concave regions on the surface diverge light rays refracting into the water, while convex regions create convergence of rays (caustics). Therefore, the natural illumination of underwater objects is spatially varying. Moreover, in shallow water this nonuniform intensity distribution varies significantly in time, as the water surface changes with the wave motion. In this paper we present a method that attenuates these illumination patterns, and results in an image which appears as if taken under much more stable and uniform illumination. The method is based on just a few consecutive frames taken of the scene. These frames are analyzed by a non-linear algorithm which preserves consistent image components while filtering out fluctuations. The use of the nonlinear algorithm alleviates the need for long acquisition periods and is therefore fast. We demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency in underwater experiments
Remote monitoring of cardiorespiratory signals from a hovering unmanned aerial vehicle (2017)

The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed system with and without the magnification process achieves robust and accurate readings and have significant correlations compared to a standard pulse oximeter and Piezo respiratory belt. Also, the squared correlation coefficient, root mean square error, and mean error rate yielded by the proposed method with and without the magnification process were significantly better than the state-of-the-art methodologies, including independent component analysis (ICA) and principal component analysis (PCA).
Advances in the efficient generation of intense pulsed proton beams (1975)

Recent studies on the space−charge−limited reflex vacuum triode pulsed ion accelerator show a marked improvement in the output parameters and efficiency of the device. In the current machine, a 50−nsec pulse of 130−keV protons of 6000 A is produced at a current density of 20 A/cm2. Energies up to 300 keV have been investigated. The troide efficiency, defined as proton energy output versus total energy input, has been raised from 10 to 42% by the addition of magnetic fields that prevent anomalous electron loss in the fringing fields at the edges of the electrodes. Time−of−flight measurements confirmed the peak energies. The beam was measured to have about a 10 ° half−angle of spread. The results obtained indicate that the accelerator may be scaled to the ranges of parameters currently achieved by pulsed electron accelerators.
Object-oriented Programming Paradigms for Molecular Modeling (2003)

This paper discusses the application of object-oriented programming (OOP) design concepts to the development of molecular simulation code. A number of new languages such as Fortran 90 (F90) have been developed over the last decade that support the OOP design philosophy. We briefly describe the salient features of F90 and some basic object-oriented design principles. As an illustration of the design concepts we implement a general interface in F90 for calculating pairwise interactions that can be extended easily to any number of different forcefield models. The ideas presented here are used in the development of a mu ltipurpose si mulation c ode, named Music. An example of the use of Music for grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of flexible sorbate molecules in zeolites is given. The example illustrates how OOP allowed existing code for molecular dynamics and GCMC to be easily combined to perform hybrid GCMC simulations with minimal coding effort.
Effects of Tea Polyphenols Dip Treatment on the Quality of Catfish Fillets during Partial Freezing Storage (2012)

The effects of tea polyphenols(TP) dip treatment on the quality changes of catfish fillets during partial freezing storage for 25 days were investigated. The catfish were filleted, after being gutted and cleaned, and given a dip treatment in 0.15% TP solution for 30min at room temperature. And then, they were packed in plastic bags, stored at -3°C. The sensory scores, total bacterial count(TVC), pH values, Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen(TVB-N) and TBARS values were used to evaluate the catfish quality. The results showed that TVC, pH, TVB-N and TBARS values of catfish, which was processed with TP, could be significantly restrained, and sensory scores decreased slowly as well. So it can be concluded that tea polyphenols have great effects on the inhibitions of bacteria growth and anti-oxidation of fat, and thus significantly delay the spoilage of partial-frozen catfish.
Enantioselective Synthesis of the Originally Proposed Usneoidone Structure: Evidence for a Structural Revision (2004)

Abstract The enantioselective synthesis of the initially proposed structure of usneoidone has been completed according to a convergent strategy in which the key steps were an enantioselective Michael addition involving chiral imines to set up the C12 quaternary center, and the final assembly of the chiral pyran moiety with the aromatic subunit through a cyanohydrin anion alkylation step. The obtained product displays spectroscopic data that significantly differ from the reported values. A putative revised structure in which the pyran ring is opened is proposed for usneoidones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Differentiation and Quantification of Free Chlorine and Inorganic Chloramines in Aqueous Solution by MIMS (1999)

A membrane introduction mass spectrometric (MIMS) method for differentiation and quantification of free chlorine and inorganic chloramines in aqueous solution was developed based on a low-cost mass spectrometer. Several factors were examined for system optimization. Only membrane temperature and liquid flow rate exerted substantial influences on the performance of MIMS. Essentially linear response curves over several orders of magnitude of concentrations were observed, and limits of detection for free chlorine and mono-, di-, and trichloramine at 0.1, 0.1, 0.02, and 0.06 mg/L as Cl2, respectively, were demonstrated. System performance was evaluated with chlorination of ammoniacal water. Similar results were obtained by the MIMS method, conventional DPD/FAS titration, and UV−visible spectroscopy. Identification and quantification of inorganic chloramines by the MIMS method and DPD/FAS titration were also compared for chlorination of an aqueous solution containing glycine as the nitrogen source as well as samples of potable water and wastewater. These experiments demonstrated an advantage of MIMS relative to titration in that MIMS was able to unambiguously quantify and characterize the inorganic chlorine residual.
Articulated Gaussian kernel correlation for human pose estimation (2015)

In this paper, we address the problem of human pose estimation through a novel articulated Gaussian kernel correlation function which is applied to human pose tracking from a single depth sensor. We first derive a unified Gaussian kernel correlation that can generalize the previous Sum-of-Gaussians (SoG)-based methods for the similarity measure between a template and the observation. Furthermore, we develop an articulated Gaussian kernel correlation by embedding a tree-structured skeleton model, which enables us to estimate the full-body pose parameters. Also, the new kernel correlation framework can easily penalize undesired body intersection which is more natural than the clamping function in previous methods. Our algorithm is general, simple yet effective and can achieve real-time performance. The experimental results on a public depth dataset are promising and competitive when compared with state-of-the-art algorithms.
Inhibition of Development of Exoerythrocytic Forms of Malaria Parasites by γ-Interferon (1986)

A specific DNA probe was used to study the effect of recombinant rat, mouse, and human gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) on the course of sporozoite-induced malaria infections. In mice and rats infected with sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei, mouse and rat gamma-IFN's strongly inhibited the development of the exoerythrocytic forms in the liver liver cells of the hosts, but not the development of the erythrocytic stages. The degree of inhibition of the exoerythrocytic forms was proportional to the dose of gamma-IFN administered, but was independent of the number of sporozoites used for challenge. A 30 percent reduction in the development of exoerythrocytic forms in rat liver was achieved when 150 units (about 15 nanograms of protein) of rat gamma-IFN were injected a few hours before sporozoite challenge; the reduction was 90 percent or more with higher doses of gamma-IFN. The effect was less pronounced if the gamma-IFN was administered 18 hours before or a few hours after challenge. Human gamma-IFN also diminished the parasitemia in chimpanzees infected with sporozoites of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax. The target of gamma-IFN activity may be the infected hepatocytes themselves, as shown by in vitro experiments in which small doses of the human lymphokine inhibited the development of exoerythrocytic forms of Plasmodium berghei in a human hepatoma cell line. These results suggest that immunologically induced interferon may be involved in controlling malaria infection under natural conditions.
A Population-based Study of DNA Repair Gene Variants in Relation to Non-melanoma Skin Cancer as a Marker of a Cancer-prone Phenotype (2012)

For unknown reasons, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is associated with increased risk of other malignancies. Focusing solely on DNA repair or DNA repair-related genes, this study tested the hypothesis that DNA repair gene variants contribute to the increased cancer risk associated with a personal history of NMSC. From the parent CLUE II cohort study, established in 1989 in Washington County, MD, the study consisted of a cancer-free control group (n 5 2296) compared with three mutually exclusive groups of cancer cases ascertained through 2007: (i) Other (non-NMSC) cancer only (n 5 2349); (ii) NMSC only (n 5 694) and (iii) NMSC plus other cancer (n 5 577). The frequency of minor alleles in 759 DNA repair gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was compared in these four groups. Comparing those with both NMSC and other cancer versus those with no cancer, 10 SNPs had allelic trend P-values <0.01. The two top-ranked SNPs were both within the thymine DNA glycosylase gene (TDG). One was a non-synonymous coding SNP (rs2888805) [per allele odds ratio (OR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.70; P-value 5 0.0006] and the other was an intronic SNP in high linkage disequilibrium with rs2888805 (rs4135150). None of the associations had a P-value <6.6310(-5), the threshold for statistical significance after correcting for multiple comparisons. The results pinpoint DNA repair genes most likely to contribute to the NMSC cancer-prone phenotype. A promising lead is genetic variants in TDG, important not only in base excision repair but also in regulating the epigenome and gene expression, which may contribute to the NMSC-associated increase in overall cancer risk.
Synthesis of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/Pluronic-Based Polyrotaxanes via Heterogeneous Reaction as Potential Niemann-Pick Type C Therapeutics (2013)

Five polyrotaxanes were synthesized by threading 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) onto a variety of α,ω-ditriethylenediamino-N-carbamoyl-poly-(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic) triblock copolymers using a two-pot strategy under heterogeneous, nonaqueous conditions. The threaded HP-β-CD units were retained on the pseudopolyrotaxane precursors by end-capping the branched diamine termini with sodium 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate. Inclusion of the Pluronic copolymers within the HP-β-CD cavities was more favorable in nonpolar solvents, such as diethyl ether and n-hexane, both of which gave better coverage ratios than polar solvents. (1)H NMR and MALDI-TOF were used to estimate the average molecular weights of the purified polyrotaxane products. A globular morphology of aggregated polyrotaxanes was observed by tapping-mode AFM imaging of dried samples. Treatment of Niemann-Pick C (NPC) type 2-deficient fibroblasts with the polyrotaxane derivatives produced substantial reductions in sterol accumulation, as seen by diminished filipin staining in these cells, suggesting that Pluronic-based polyrotaxanes may be promising vehicles for delivery of HP-β-CD to cells with abnormal cholesterol accumulation.
Gigapixel Television (2016)

We consider image capture and real-time rendering for virtual reality television. Array cameras enable multiuser digital pan, tilt, zoom and view point translation but require novel optical and electronic architectures.