gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of modeled and observed values of NO<sub>2</sub> and JNO<sub>2</sub> during the Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer (POLARIS) mission (1999)

Stratospheric measurements of NO, NO 2 , O 3 , ClO, and HO 2 were made during spring, early summer, and late summer in the Arctic region during 1997 as part of the Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer (POLARIS) field campaign. In the sunlit atmosphere, NO 2 and NO are in steady state through NO 2 photolysis and reactions involving O 3 , ClO, BrO, and HO 2 . By combining observations of O 3 , ClO, and HO 2 , observed and modeled values of the NO 2 photolysis rate coefficient (J NO 2 ), and model estimates of BrO, several comparisons are made between steady state and measured values of both NO 2 and J NO 2 . An apparent seasonal dependence in discrepancies between calculated and measured values was found; however, a source for this dependence could not be identified. Overall, the mean linear fits in the various comparisons show agreement within 19%, well within the combined uncertainties (±50 to 70%). These results suggest that photochemistry controlling the NO 2 /NO abundance ratio is well represented throughout much of the sunlit lower stratosphere. A reduction in the uncertainty of laboratory determinations of the rate coefficient of NO + O 3 → NO 2 + O 2 would aid future analyses of these or similar atmospheric observations.
Probiotics. Some evidence of their effectiveness. (2005)

Limited but good evidence supports the role of certain probiotics in medical practice. Because consumer pressure will undoubtedly stimulate further interest in probiotics, family doctors need to be informed about them so they can advise their patients appropriately.
An <scp>SNP</scp> of the <scp>ZBTB</scp>38 gene is associated with idiopathic short stature in the Chinese Han population (2013)

Our study indicated that the nonsynonymous SNP (rs16851435:T > G,p.Ser319Ala) of ZBTB38 was contributed to susceptibility of ISS in the Chinese Han population.
Reliable control protocol for crossbar arbitration (2005)

We describe an incremental request-grant protocol between line cards comprising virtual output queues and a central arbitration unit in a crossbar-based packet switch. Moreover, we introduce a method to make this protocol reliable in the presence of transmission errors that might lead to permanent inconsistency of the queue state information maintained by the arbiter. The protocol employs a "census" mechanism that travels the round-trip distance from line card to arbiter and back. We prove that it detects any inconsistency as well as its precise magnitude, enabling immediate corrective action.
Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Alloy A6N01-T5 (1997)

Corrosion behavior of the industrially manufactured materials of an Al-Mg-Si alloy A6N01 was investigated for a soak in synthetic seawater at 40°C for 20 days. Microstructural analyses were also carried out by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Although the chemical compositions and mechanical properties were within the limit prescribed in the standard (JIS), a wide variation of the microstructure was observed probably depending on manufacturing process including both mechanical and heat treatments. The materials were characterized by the detailed analyses of the precipitates in the aluminum matrix. In particular, distribution of magnesium and crystallography of the precipitates were indicative for this characterization. SEM (scanning electron microscope) observations of the surface of the materials after the soak revealed that the corrosion morphologies of these materials were categorized into three types including large micropitting with a slight intergranular corrosion, general corrosion and intergranular corrosion with connected small micropits. These morphologies correlate with microstructural features probably because the local-action cell formation depends on the distribution of additive elements in the aluminum matrix.
On The Quantitative Definition of Risk (1981)

A quantitative definition of risk is suggested in terms of the idea of a “set of triplets”. The definition is extended to include uncertainty and completeness, and the use of Bayes' theorem is described in this connection. The definition is used to discuss the notions of “relative risk”, “relativity of risk”, and “acceptability of risk”.
First collection (1–50) (1968)

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Axl inhibitor R428 induces apoptosis of cancer cells by blocking lysosomal acidification and recycling independent of Axl inhibition. (2018)

R428 (BGB324) is an anti-cancer drug candidate under clinical investigation. It inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl and induces apoptosis of many types of cancer cells, but the relationship between the two has not been well established. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of the R428-induced apoptosis and found that R428 induced extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization and caspase activation, independent of its inhibitory effects on Axl. Further analyses revealed that R428 blocked lysosomal acidification and recycling, accumulated autophagosomes and lysosomes, and induced cell apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagy by autophagy inhibitors or autophagic gene-knockout alleviated the R428-induced vacuoles formation and cell apoptosis. Our study uncovered a novel function and mechanism of R428 in addition to its ability to inhibit Axl. These data will help to better direct the application of R428 as an anti-cancer reagent. It also adds new knowledge to understand the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis.
Overview: Introduction to Biomaterials (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Hard Tissues Some Useful Definitions and Their Implications Cell–Material Interaction Bacterial Infection and Biofilm Formation Different Factors Influencing Bacterial Adhesion Experimental Evaluation of Biocompatibility Overview of Properties of Some Biomaterials Outlook References
7-[3-(1-Piperidinyl)propoxy]chromenones as Potential Atypical Antipsychotics (1996)

Compound 1 (1-benzyl-3-methyl-4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]piperazine), a synthetic intermediate identified as a potential atypical antipsychotic, was selected as the starting point for pharmacological improvement. From 1, sequential structural variations were conducted in order to improve its potency and oral bioavailability. These variations included a series of piperazine, ethanediamine, and piperidine derivatives. The piperidine series afforded some orally potent compounds in the inhibition of apomorphine-induced climbing and hyperactivity in mice, which are regarded as behavioral models predictive of antipsychotic efficacy. Further optimization of these structures led to the highly potent 7-[3-(1-piperidinyl)propoxy]chromenones. Inhibition of stereotypies and induction of catalepsy in rats at doses substantially higher than required for inhibition of climbing suggest an atypical antipsychotic profile, which is assumed to predict a reduced induction of extrapyramidal side effects in humans.
The hydrolytic stability of aircraft coolant/dielectric fluids (1988)

Abstract The change in flashpoint, volume resistivity and dielectric strength of 2‐ethylbutyl silicate ester (2‐EBSE) based and 1‐decene dimer polyalphaolefin (PAO) based fluids were measured as a function of initial water content and temperature. The PAO fluid was found to be stable while the 2‐EBSE fluid degraded to alcohol which significantly reduced its flashpoint. This was found to occur even with trace quantities of water present. Volume resistivity and dielectric strength were shown to be inadequate monitoring techniques for determining the extent of hydrolytic degradation.
SPECIFIC ELIMINATION OF ALLOREACTIVE T CELLS BY AN ANTI-INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR B CHAIN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTOXIN (1990)

Graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection remain the two principal causes of morbidity and mortality after major-histocompatibility-complex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation. Human and animal models suggest that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets present in the donor inoculum are responsible for their initiation. Since the human mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and the HLA-restricted cytotoxicity may reflect cellular interactions occurring during GVHD and graft rejection, inhibitions of these responses may represent useful approaches for screening functional T cell depletion in experimental bone marrow transplantation studies. For this purpose, we have tested the possibility of removing the host-specific allogeneic T cells present in the marrow. After a two-day MLC, the specifically activated host alloreactive blood or bone marrow T cells were incubated with the ricin A-chain toxin conjugated with the antibody 33B3.1 directed against the human receptor of interleukin 2 (33B3.1-IT). A complete inhibition of a primary MLC and of cytotoxic activities was observed as well as a disappearance of IL-2R(+) (p55) T cells. This method had limited consequence upon the alloreactivity of blood or marrow T cells toward a third unrelated party. The limiting-dilution analysis of residual alloantigen-reactive T lymphocytes has shown that this depletion results in a twentyfold to fiftyfold reduction of antihost reactivity. The procedure was also shown not to inhibit the growth of marrow precursors for granulocytes and macrophages.
HP caliper: an architecture for performance analysis tools (2000)

HP Caliper is an architecture for software developer tools that deal with executable (binary) programs. It provides a common framework that allows building of a wide variety of tools for doing performance analysis, profiling, coverage analysis, correctness checking, and testing. HP Caliper uses a technology known as dynamic instrumentation, which allows program instructions to be changed on-the-fly with instrumentation probes. Dynamic instrumentation makes HP Caliper easy to use: It requires no special preparation of an application, supports shared libraries, collects data for multiple threads, and has low intrusion and overhead. This paper describes HP Caliper for HP-UX, running on the IA-64 (Itanium) processor. It describes Caliper's architecture, dynamic instrumentation algorithm, and the experiences gathered during its implementation.
A Novel Cancer Vaccine Strategy Based on HLA-A*0201 Matched Allogeneic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (2010)

These findings highlight HLA-A*0201 matched allogeneic pDCs as potent inducers of tumor immunity and provide a promising immunotherapeutic strategy to fight cancer.
Multi-Lead Direct Current Potential Drop Method for In Situ Health Monitoring of Ceramic Matrix Composites (2018)

The method of direct current potential drop (DCPD) can be utilized as an effective and convenient approach for in situ damage detection, and as a nondestructive evaluation technique. We present the results from use of a multiprobe DCPD technique for in situ damage detection in loading of a SiC/SiC composite. It is shown that in three different modes of loading (monotonic, fatigue, and cyclic load–unload), the sensing capabilities of DCPD technique compare well to the techniques of modal acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC). It was also found that DCPD technique provides a far earlier warning of failure under fatigue loading than the other two methods. In addition, we show that strategically placed multiple voltage leads on the specimen surface provide a promising way of qualitatively determining the crack initiation site. Therefore, the use of multiple lead DCPD method, together with other techniques, provides a viable option for sensing damage in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) with complex geometries, and for applications at higher temperatures.
Identification and Structure–Activity Relationships of Novel Compounds that Potentiate the Activities of Antibiotics in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2017)

In Gram-negative bacteria, efflux pumps are able to prevent effective cellular concentrations from being achieved for a number of antibiotics. Small molecule adjuvants that act as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) have the potential to reinvigorate existing antibiotics that are currently ineffective due to efflux mechanisms. Through a combination of rigorous experimental screening and in silico virtual screening, we recently identified novel classes of EPIs that interact with the membrane fusion protein AcrA, a critical component of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in Escherichia coli. Herein, we present initial optimization efforts and structure–activity relationships around one of those previously described hits, NSC 60339 (1). From these efforts we identified two compounds, SLUPP-225 (17h) and SLUPP-417 (17o), which demonstrate favorable properties as potential EPIs in E. coli cells including the ability to penetrate the outer membrane, improved inhibition of efflux relative to 1, and potentiation of the activity of novobiocin and erythromycin.
Elektronenreiche Olefine, 2 Struktur und Elektrontransfer-Reaktivität des cyclisch σ/π-hyperkonjugierten Carbosilans 3,3,6,6-Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-cyclohexadien (1988)

Abstract Crystal and molecular structure analysis of the title compound 1, a most electron rich carbosilane, exhibits a shallow boat conformation for the cyclohexadiene ring which is shielded by four bulky Me 3 Si groups. Multiple hyperconjugative interaction occurs between the two non-conjugated olefinic π systems and the four rather long (192 pm) carbon-silicon o bonds which form an angle of about 34° with the assumed π axis. The HOMO destabilization caused by this unique structural arrangement explains the energetically facile formation and subsequent reactivity of the cation radical 1+ which was found to undergo oxidative desilylation to the aromatic 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl) benzene precursor in the single electron transfer reaction with TCNE.
Mechanism of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I-mediated Selective Uptake of Cholesteryl Esters from High Density Lipoprotein to Adrenal Cells (1999)

Despite extensive studies and characterizations of the high density lipoprotein-cholesteryl ester (HDL-CE)-selective uptake pathway, the mechanisms by which the hydrophobic CE molecules are transferred from the HDL particle to the plasma membrane have remained elusive, until the discovery that scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) plays an important role. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, we examined the quantitative relationships between the binding of HDL and the selective uptake of its CE in the murine adrenal Y1-BS1 cell line. A comparison of concentration dependences shows that half-maximal high affinity cell association of HDL occurs at 8.7 +/- 4.7 micrograms/ml and the Km of HDL-CE-selective uptake is 4.5 +/- 1.5 micrograms/ml. These values are similar, and there is a very high correlation between these two processes (r2 = 0.98), suggesting that they are linked. An examination of lipid uptake from reconstituted HDL particles of defined composition and size shows that there is a non-stoichiometric uptake of HDL lipid components, with CE being preferred over the major HDL phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Comparison of the rates of selective uptake of different classes of phospholipid in this system gives the ranking: phosphatidylserine > phosphatidylcholine approximately phosphatidylinositol > sphingomyelin. The rate of CE-selective uptake from donor particles is proportional to the amount of CE initially present in the particles, suggesting a mechanism in which CE moves down its concentration gradient from HDL particles docked on SR-BI into the cell plasma membrane. The activation energy for CE uptake from either HDL3 or reconstituted HDL is about 9 kcal/mol, indicating that HDL-CE uptake occurs via a non-aqueous pathway. HDL binding to SR-BI allows access of CE molecules to a "channel" formed by the receptor from which water is excluded and along which HDL-CE molecules move down their concentration gradient into the cell plasma membrane.
Proliferative effect of interleukin-3 on normal and leukemic human B cell precursors. (1989)

We have examined the influence of recombinant, human IL-3 on normal and leukemic B cell precursors. CD10/CALLA+ leukemic B cell precursors, the pre-B cell line BLIN-1, and surface IgM-B cell precursors isolated from fetal bone marrow all responded to IL-3. This IL-3 response was dose-dependent and could be abrogated by a rabbit anti-IL-3 antiserum. Binding studies using radiolabeled IL-3 revealed the presence of approximately 200 high affinity IL-3 receptors on the BLIN-1 cell line, with a KD of 150pM. We conclude that normal and leukemic human B cell precursors express functional IL-3 receptors, extending the biologic range of this hematopoietin to the lymphoid lineage.
Emerging applications of multirate signal processing and wavelets in digital communications (1996)

Multirate systems and filter banks have traditionally played an important role in source coding and compression for contemporary communication applications, and many of the key design issues in such applications have been extensively explored. We review developments on the comparatively less explored role of multirate filter banks and wavelets in channel coding and modulation for some important classes of channels. Some representative examples of emerging potential applications are described. One involves the use of highly dispersive, broadband multirate systems for wireless multiuser communication (spread spectrum CDMA) in the presence of fading due to time-varying multipath. Another is the wavelet-based diversity strategy referred to as "fractal modulation" for use with unpredictable communication links and in broadcast applications with user-selectable quality of service. A final example involves multitone (multicarrier) modulation systems based on multirate filter banks and fast lapped transforms for use on channels subject to severe intersymbol and narrowband interference. Collectively, these constitute intriguing, interrelated paradigms within an increasingly broad and active area of research.
Magnetic resonance imaging of blood vessels at high fields: <i>In vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> measurements and image simulation (1990)

Abstract Unusually high image contrast in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of the brain becomes observable at high magnetic fields when the blood oxygenation level is lowered. The cause of the contrast has been attributed to a magnetic susceptibility effect induced by paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin in red cells. When the cylinder axis of a blood vessel is not parallel to the main magnetic field, the susceptibility difference produces varying local fields around the blood vessel. In gradient‐echo images, not in spin‐echo images, these local fields cause intravoxel dephasing of the water signal of the surrounding tissue. This description of the contrast enhancement has been confirmed by a series of in vitro blood sample experiments and image simulations. A predicted contrast change has been demonstrated in brain images of a mouse placed at two different orientations in the magnet. From the simulated images, the dependence of the contrast on the field strength has been estimated. © 1990 Academic Press, Inc.
Cereblon as a Predictive Biomarker for Imid Therapy Sensitivity (2014)

Adel Gouri2* , Amel Bouacha1, Aoulia Dekaken3, Faiza Mehiddine4, Ahmed Aimen Bentorki2, Amina Yakhlef5 and Mehdi Beleilli6 1Department of Hematology, IBN ROCHD Public Hospital, Souk Ahras 41000, Algeria 2Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, IBN ZOHR Public Hospital, Guelma 24000, Algeria 3Department of Internal Medicine; Pr EL OKBI Public Hospital, Guelma 24000, Algeria 4Department of Pneumology, IBN ZOHR Public Hospital, Guelma 24000, Algeria 5Department of Hematology, IBN ZOHR Public Hospital, Guelma 24000, Algeria 6Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medicine, Annaba 2300, Algeria *Corresponding author: Adel Gouri, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, IBN ZOHR Public Hospital, Guelma 24000, Algeria, Tel: 00213 666 088 ; E-mail: pharmagor@gmail.com
Efficient String Matching Algorithms for Combinatorial Universal Denoising (2005)

Inspired by the combinatorial denoising method DUDE, we present efficient algorithms for implementing this idea for arbitrary contexts or for using it within subsequences. We also propose effective, efficient denoising error estimators so we can find the best denoising of an input sequence over different context lengths. Our methods are simple, drawing from string matching methods and radix sorting. We also present experimental results of our proposed algorithms.
Photodynamic Effects of Novel XF Porphyrin Derivatives on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells (2005)

The worldwide rise in the rates of antibiotic resistance of bacteria underlines the need for alternative antibacterial agents. A promising approach to the killing of gram-positive antibiotic-resistant bacteria of the skin uses light in combination with a photosensitizer to induce a phototoxic reaction. Different concentrations (0 to 100 microM) of porphyrin-based photosensitizers (CTP1, XF70, and XF73) and different incubation times (5 min, 1 h, and 4 h) were used to determine phototoxicity against two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, one methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strain, one methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strain, one Escherichia coli strain, and human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Incubation with 0.005 microM XF70 or XF73, followed by illumination, yielded a 3-log10 (> or = 99.9%) decrease in the viable cell numbers of all staphylococcal strains, indicating that the XF drugs have high degrees of potency against gram-positive bacteria and also that the activities of these novel drugs are independent of the antibiotic resistance pattern of the staphylococci examined. CTP1 was less potent against the staphylococci under the same conditions. At 0.005 microM, XF70 and XF73 demonstrated no toxicity toward fibroblasts or keratinocytes. No inactivation of E. coli was detected at this concentration. XF73 was confirmed to act via a reactive oxygen species from the results of studies with sodium azide (a quencher of singlet oxygen), which reduced the killing of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. When a quencher of superoxide anion and the hydroxyl radical was used, cell killing was not inhibited. These results demonstrate that the porphyrin-based photosensitizers had concentration-dependent differences in their efficacies of killing of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains via reactive oxygen species without harming eukaryotic cells at the same concentrations.