gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A ceramide-activated protein phosphatase mediates ceramide-induced G1 arrest of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1996)

Certain mammalian growth modulators, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and gamma-interferon, induce an antiproliferative response-terminal differentiation, apoptosis, or cell cycle arrest-through a novel signal transduction pathway mediated by the lipid ceramide as a second messenger. Both a ceramide-activated protein phosphatase and a ceramide-activated protein kinase have been implicated in transmitting the signals elicited by ceramide. We have determined that ceramide addition to the yeast Saccharomyces causes a similar antiproliferative response, resulting in arrest of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. We have also determined that yeast cells contain a ceramide-activated protein phosphatase composed of regulatory subunits encoded by TPD3 and CDC55 and a catalytic subunit encoded by SIT4. Because mutation of any one of these three genes renders strains resistant to ceramide inhibition, we conclude that the G1 effects of ceramide are mediated at least in part by the yeast ceramide-activated protein phosphatase. These results highlight the conservation of signaling systems in yeast and mammalian cells and provide a novel approach to dissecting this ubiquitous signal transduction pathway.
Evaluation and management of the polytraumatized patient in various centers (1983)

Abstract A questionnaire was sent to the following 6 trauma centers: University Hospital for Accident Surgery, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany (Prof. H. Tscherne); University of Munich, Department of Surgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany (Prof. G. Heberer); Akademiska Sjukhuset Uppsala, Sweden (Prof. S. Olerud); University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Basel, Switzerland (Prof. M. Allgöwer); Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France (Prof. R. Roy‐Camille); and University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A. (Prof. B. Claudi). Their answers have been summarized in a few short paragraphs where tabulation was not possible, and then mainly in tabular form for convenient comparison among the various centers. There seems to be considerable international agreement on the main points of early aggressive cardiopulmonary management to prevent multiple organ failure and also, surprisingly, on the advantages of early internal fixation of major fractures .
Half-life of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math> (2006)

We have measured the half-life of $^{14}\mathrm{O}$, a superallowed $({0}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{0}^{+})$ \ensuremath{\beta} decay isotope. The $^{14}\mathrm{O}$ was produced by the $^{12}\mathrm{C}$($^{3}\mathrm{He}$,$n$)$^{14}\mathrm{O}$ reaction using a carbon aerogel target. A low-energy ion beam of $^{14}\mathrm{O}$ was mass separated and implanted in a thin beryllium foil. The beta particles were counted with plastic scintillator detectors. We find ${t}_{1/2}=70.696\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.052$ s. This result is $1.5\ensuremath{\sigma}$ higher than an average value from six earlier experiments, but agrees more closely with the most recent previous measurement.
Electrodeposition of Ni in Submicrometer Trenches (2007)

A survey of the effect of cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants on the rate and morphological evolution of nickel electrodeposition is presented. Attention is given to the prospect for void-free filling of submicrometer trenches. Cationic species such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) and cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium yield significant inhibition of nickel deposition. For a range of concentrations the single cationic surfactant systems exhibit hysteretic voltammetric curves that, when corrected for ohmic electrolyte losses, reveal an S-shaped negative differential resistance. Void-free bottom-up superconformal feature filling is observed when operating at potentials within the hysteretic regime whereby metal deposition begins preferentially in the most densely patterned regions of the wafer followed by propagation of the growth front laterally across the wafer surface. In contrast, at low overpotentials and concentrations, sulfur-bearing additives such as thiourea (TU) exert a depolarizing effect on nickel deposition and negligible hysteresis. When PEI and TU are both present, the suppression provided by PEI is diminished and feature filling leads to uniform deposition on the wafer scale. Suitable combinations of PEI and TU enable near void-free filling of wide trenches with sloping sidewalls. Initial conformal growth is followed by geometric leveling once the deposits on the sloping sidewalls meet.
Automatic Mutation Test Case Generation via Dynamic Symbolic Execution (2010)

The automatic test case generation is the principal issue of the software testing activity. Dynamic symbolic execution appears to be a promising approach to this matter as it has been shown to be quite powerful in producing the sought tests. Despite its power, it has only been effectively applied to the entry level criteria of the structural criteria hierarchy such as branch testing. In this paper an extension of this technique is proposed in order to effectively generate test data based on mutation testing. The proposed approach conjoins program transformation and dynamic symbolic execution techniques in order to successfully automate the test generation process. The propositions made in this paper have been incorporated into an automated framework for producing mutation based test cases. Its evaluation on a set of benchmark programs suggests that it is able to produce tests capable of killing most of the non equivalent introduced mutants. The same study also provides some evidence that by employing efficient heuristics it can be possible to perform mutation with reasonable resources.
Optimal Detector for Multilevel NAND Flash Memory Channels with Intercell Interference (2014)

In this paper we derive the optimal detector for multilevel cell (MLC) flash memory channels with intercell interference (ICI). We start with the MLC channel model proposed by Dong et al. and just slightly alter the model to guarantee mathematical tractability of the optimal detectors (maximum likelihood and maximum a-posteriori sequence and symbol detectors). The optimal detector is obtained by computing branch metrics using Fourier transforms of analytically computable characteristic functions (corresponding to likelihood functions). We derive the detectors for both simple one-dimensional (1D) channel models and more realistic page-orientated two-dimensional (2D) channel models. Simulation results show that the hard-output bit error rate (BER) performance matches some previously known detectors, but that the soft-output detector outperforms previously known detectors by 0.35 dB.
Characterization of Ni x Fe1 − x     ( 0.10 < x < 0.95 )  Electrodeposition from a Family of Sulfamate‐Chloride Electrolytes (1999)

The characteristics of a nickel sulfamate/iron chloride plating bath suitable for high rate electrodeposition of NiFe alloys are described. The effects of current density, electrolyte agitation, and content on deposit composition and plating current efficiency are explored via stripping voltammetry using a rotating ring‐disk electrode. Specific plating bath formulations and operating conditions for depositing a wide range of alloy compositions at a variety of growth rates are illustrated. Special attention is given to determination of polarization and electrolyte mixing conditions for plating Permalloy and Invar. X‐ray diffraction studies are used to investigate relationships between alloy composition and crystal structure. The implications for using the plating bath to electroplate composition‐modulated alloys and 3D microstructures are discussed. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
What is happening in “quality” in the financialservices? (1995)

Questions whether “quality” is having as much impact in the financial services sector as the evidence of use of quality management techniques in the UK suggests. Explores the context within which “quality” is finding a place in financial services, and presents the findings of a postal questionnaire survey concerned with the extent of usage and the nature of the quality initiatives in the financial services sector.
Smart Nanofibers from Combined Living Radical Polymerization, “Click Chemistry”, and Electrospinning (2009)

A simple method for preparing solvent-resistant nanofibers with a thermal-sensitive surface has been developed by the combined technology of reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), electrospinning, and "click chemistry". Initially, well-defined block copolymers of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) (PVBC-b-PGMA) were prepared via RAFT polymerization. Electrospinning of PVBC-b-PGMA from a solution in tetrahydrofuran gave rise to fibers with diameters in the range of 0.4-1.5 microm. Exposure to a solution of sodium azide (NaN(3)) not only affords nanofibers with azido groups on the surface but also leads to a cross-linking structure in the nanofibers. One more step of "click chemistry" between the PVBC-b-PGMA nanofibers with azido groups on the surface (PVBC-b-PGMA(-N3)) and alkyne-terminated polymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) (PNIPAM(AT)), which were prepared by ATRP, allows the preparation of a PVBC-b-PGMA nanofiber with thermal-sensitive PNIPAM brushes on the surface (PVBC-b-PGMA-g-PNIPAM). PVBC-b-PGMA-g-PNIPAM nanofibers exhibit a good resistance to solvents and thermal-responsive character to the environment, having a hydrophobic surface at 45 degrees C (water contact angle approximately 140 degrees) and having a hydrophilic surface at 20 degrees C (water contact angle approximately 30 degrees).
An Adaptive Distance Measure for Similarity Based Playlist Generation (2007)

Nowadays, a large part of all music ever recorded is digitally available and due to MP3 already ten thousands of songs can be carried around on a mobile device. Intelligent automatic song selection is more and more required alternatively to random selection or manual playlist generation. We propose a system, that generates playlists including songs similar to accepted ones, discarding songs similar to rejected ones, where similar refers to timbre. Additional adaptivity is achieved with a user-adaptive distance function which in our case requires modeling features separately. After a seed-song (which is the first accepted song) is given by the user, the distance function is used by a song selection strategy to select songs. Minimal user feedback is collected with a skip button that is pressed to directly jump to the next song and explicitly reject the current one while acceptance is implicitly given by listening to a song.
Detection of Bid Rigging in Procurement Auctions (1993)

This paper examines bidding in auctions for state highway construction contracts, in order to determine whether bid rigging occurred. Detection of collusion is possible because of limited participation in the collusive scheme. Collusion did not take the form of a bid rotation scheme. Instead, several ring members bid on most jobs. One was a serious bidder, and the other submitted phony higher bids. The bids of noncartel firms, as well as their rank distribution, were related to cost measures. In contrast, the rank distribution of higher cartel bids was unrelated to similar cost measures and differed from that of the low cartel bid. Copyright 1993 by University of Chicago Press.
Determination of Interstitial Oxygen Concentration in Oxygen-Precipitated Silicon Wafers by Low-Temperature High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy (1995)

The low-temperature high-resolution infrared absorption spectra have been measured on oxygen-precipitated Czochralski-grown silicon wafers in the 1100 cm -1 range at approximately 13.8 K, using the p-polarized Brewster angle incidence configuration. The multiple peaks due to interstitial oxygen have been successfully observed without interference fringes. It has been verified that the interstitial oxygen concentration in oxygen-precipitated wafers is precisely determined by low-temperature high-resolution p-polarized Brewster angle incidence infrared spectroscopy.
Vaccination experiments on prevention of E. coli-diarrhoea in suckling calves. II. Use of vaccines containing Freund adjuvant. (1976)

De prestatieverschillen tussen ondernemingen bij het ontwikkelen van nieuwe producten duiden op een groot verbeteringspotentieel. Bedrijven die dat potentieel willen benutten, moeten zoeken naar een integrale aanpak waarbij een goed samenspel tot stand wordt gebracht tussen de diverse succesfactoren.
The Deoxyribonucleases of Escherichia coli (1960)

There are a number of enzymes present in cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli which can degrade deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and smaller polynucleotides derived from it (l-3). One of these enzymes, although unable to hydrolyze high molecular-weight DNA at an appreciable rate, will rapidly hydrolyze DNA which has undergone some prior degradation; it is in this respect analogous to the classical phosphodiesterase of snake venom (4). The purpose of this report is to describe in detail the purification and properties of this enzyme which will be referred to as the Escherichia coli phosphodiesterase. This diesterase has been found to hydrolyze E. coli and calf thymus DNA’s to their constituent 5’-mononucleotides once these polymers have undergone some degradation as a result either of heating or limited treatment with pancreatic DNase. The E. coli phosphodiesterase is also capable of degrading appropriately pretreated bacteriophage DNA’s bearing glucosylated hydroxymethyl cytosine to their constituent mononucleotides. In this respect, it differs from the venom diesterase, which is unable to catalyze the cleavage of most of the linkages in which glucosylated hydroxymethyl cytosine is involved (5-7). In further contrast to the venom diesterase, the E. coli phosphodiesterase cannot hydrolyze either free dinucleotides or the 5’-terminal dinucleotide portion of a polydeoxynucleotide chain.
The geometry of geodesics (1955)

A comprehensive approach to qualitative problems in intrinsic differential geometry, this text examines Desarguesian spaces, perpendiculars and parallels, covering spaces, the influence of the sign of the curvature on geodesics, more. 1955 edition. Includes 66 figures.
Therapeutic Role of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorder-Related Inflammation (2013)

Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are heterogeneous, severe neuro-developmental disorders with core symptoms of dysfunctions in social interactions and communication skills, restricted interests, repetitive - stereotypic verbal and non-verbal behaviors. Biomolecular evidence points to complex gene-environmental interactions in ASDs. Several biochemical processes are associated with ASDs: oxidative stress (including endoplasmic reticulum stress), decreased methylation capacity, limited production of glutathione; mitochondrial dysfunction, intestinal dysbiosis, increased toxic metal burden, and various immune abnormalities. The known immunological disorders include: T-lymphocyte populations and function, gene expression changes in monocytes, several autoimmune-related findings, high levels of N-acetylgalactosaminidase (which precludes macrophage activation), and primary immune deficiencies. These immunological observations may result in minicolumn structural changes in the brain, as well as, abnormal immune mediation of synaptic functions. Equally, these immune dysregulations serve as the rationale for immune-directed interventions such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are pivotal in controlling chronic inflammation and in the restoration of immunological balance. These properties make them intriguing potential agents for ASD treatments. This prospective review will focus on the current state-of-the-art knowledge and challenges intrinsic in the application of HSCs for ASD-related immunological disorders.
VUPoints (2010)

Mobile phones are becoming a convergent platform for sensing, computation, and communication. This paper envisions VUPoints, a collaborative sensing and video-recording system that takes advantage of this convergence. Ideally, when multiple phones in a social gathering run VUPoints, the output is expected to be a short video-highlights of the occasion, created without human intervention. To achieve this, mobile phones must sense their surroundings and collaboratively detect events that qualify for recording. Short video-clips from different phones can be combined to produce the highlights of the occasion. This paper reports exploratory work towards this longer term project. We present a feasibility study, and show how social events can be sensed through mobile phones and used as triggers for video-recording. While false positives cause inclusion of some uninteresting videos, we believe that further research can significantly improve the efficacy of the system.
Tip screenout fracturing: A technique for soft, unstable formations (1984)

This paper discusses an alternative completion technique involving only normal sand frac procedures. It is effective where acid is ineffectual or undesirable. The procedure is primarily aimed at creating short, high conductivity fractures in soft formations, and its use can be extended to any formation where such a treatment is practical and economically feasible. The fracture design is based on intentionally screening out the tip of the fracture with sand, and then continuing to pump slurry to increase the fracture width and pack the fracture with proppant to obtain high conductivity. Special pre-frac tests are required to determine fracture design variables. Implementation and analysis of these tests are discussed in this paper, along with the theory behind the fracture design schedule.
Instant gratification or long‐term value? A lesson in enhancing shareholder wealth (2004)

CFOs are under increased scrutiny and many companies have consequently become shortsighted, focusing on quarterly results at the expense of the big strategic picture. This approach is wrought with irony, as it inadvertently promotes practices that undermine the very thing companies are striving to achieve: the creation of long‐term shareholder value. The solution lies in a hybrid approach, focusing on both short‐term and long‐term results. Winning companies not only articulate long‐term strategies but also develop detailed implementation plans that are quite literally roadmaps to success. These roadmaps are typically marked with short‐term milestones aligned with the longer‐term direction – the short‐term targets serving as clarion calls that signal deviations from the roadmap. The challenge is complex, as CFOs (and, of course, CEOs) must truly understand market expectations, know what drives the stock price, and determine what role they can play to influence value in a positive way. It all hinges on some tough questions, including: can companies really manage the value of their business and, ultimately, tie it back to their stock price? and can they align the actions of an entire organization with the objectives of its owners and providers of capital? Indeed, many companies are implementing strategies aimed at creating increased value for investors. Sustainable value creation requires strategy, capability, information, decisions and actions to be aligned and focused on the key drivers of value for an organization. This is what will generate sources of competitive advantage over time.
The OMNIUM Project: Proposing a Framework for Creative Online Interaction (2003)

The Internet has been described as the third revolution in mass communication following the Roman alphabet and the printing press. Within the specific context of creative disciplines, the potential for effective, collaborative online working processes between distanced individuals is now far more tangible. The Internet offers us exciting opportunities to break free from more traditionally individual and local practices; ultimately allowing us to form creative alliances with people we may not normally meet.
Paired approaches to closely spaced runways: Results of pilot and ATC simulation (2014)

Closely spaced parallel runways (CSPRs), i.e.: runways spaced less than 2500 feet and as close as 700 feet, can be used for simultaneous arrivals when visual approaches can be conducted to both of the runways. Under current procedures, when the ceiling drops below a specified level in visual meteorological conditions (VMC), instrument approaches to both runways are not permitted, essentially reducing arrival capacity by half. The paired approach (PA) procedure is designed to enable continued use of both runways, even in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), mitigating the loss of capacity. The Federal Aviation Administration is developing this capability as part of its NextGen initiative for deployment in the mid-term time frame. In the PA procedure, Air Traffic Control (ATC) pairs eligible aircraft and places them on a final approach course with required altitude separation and within a required longitudinal tolerance. The PA application on the trailing airplane computes and displays speed commands to achieve and maintain a desired spacing goal behind the lead, protecting against potential blunder by lead, or encounter with lead wake. The system also provides alerts if the safe zone is violated. The PA application requires Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) position and velocity data from the leading aircraft and knowledge of ownship and lead planned final approach speeds (PFAS) in order to compute the interval required. This paper reports results of two real time simulations designed to assess the initial feasibility of flight crews and controllers, respectively, to conduct the tasks required by the paired approach procedure. Details of the speed guidance algorithms, displays, ATC capabilities, and ATC and flight crew procedures are provided. In both simulations, the flight environment of approaches to San Francisco International Airport was simulated to reflect the operations desired by the procedure. In the first simulation, 10 subject pilots with experience in operations at San Francisco International Airport participated in the study. In the second simulation, five controllers and supervisors from the Northern California TRACON (NCT) participated. All were experienced in the closely spaced parallel runway operations commonly used at the San Francisco International Airport (KSFO). Two controllers were current and qualified in the airspace and the rest were supervisory controllers with extensive experience in NCT operations for arrivals into KSFO. The simulation results indicated both the pilots and the controllers were able to perform the tasks expected of them for the conduct of the procedure well within acceptable workload limits. Subjective results for workload and objective results for achieved spacing and capacity are reported. The results suggest a steady state capacity of over 45 aircraft per hour should be possible with this procedure down to Category I minima. Recommendations for next steps are provided.
Flavor of Cheddar Cheese: A Chemical and Sensory Perspective (2003)

Considerable knowledge has been accumulated on the biochemical processes occurring during ripening of Cheddar cheese, which in turn has major consequences on flavor and texture development. The present review outlines major metabolic pathways and agents involved in the modification of milk constituents in Cheddar cheese ripening. Mechanisms of volatile flavor and off-flavor production and recent developments in the analysis, both sensory and instrumental, of Cheddar flavor and flavor compounds are also detailed here.