gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium Charge-State Distributions of 2-15-MeV Tantalum and Uranium Ions Stripped in Gases and Solids (1973)

Equilibrium charge-state fractions have been measured for tantalum and uranium ions with energies of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 15 MeV, stripped in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, He, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, Ar, Kr, Xe, carbon, and gold. Average charge and form of the charge distributions and the dependence on ion velocity and target species are discussed. The results on the average charge are compared with theoretical and semiempirical predictions. An anomaly has been found in the particular case of helium targets in which certain charge-state fractions are of unusual magnitude, leading to a relatively high average charge.
The Use of Phosphite Amides in Peptide Syntheses<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Use of Phosphite Amides in Peptide Syntheses1George W. Anderson, Jack Blodinger, Richard W. Young, and Alice D. WelcherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 21, 5304–5306Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01141a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01141a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrothermal treatments of corn cob and hemicelluloses extraction (2008)

Corn cob samples were treated with water (autohydrolysis reaction) using a liquid to solid ratio of 10:1 w/w. The optimal condition for extraction of hemicelluloses was found at 185ºC for 30 min. This resulted in the release of 9.7% of hemicelluloses (% dry starting material), corresponding to the dissolution of 27.9% of the original hemicellulose. Chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of the samples were elucidated by a combination of sugar analyses and thermal analysis. The results showed that the treatment was effective on the extraction of hemicelluloses from corn cob and that the TGA analysis of xylan from birch wood was found to be initially degraded at about 220 ºC whereas hemicelluloses from corn cob would be degraded at about 225 ºC.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of a Series of [2-Substituted-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-1,3-Dioxolane]platinum(II) Complexes (1994)

The synthesis, physical properties, antitumor activity, structure-activity relationships, and nephrotoxicity of a series of [2-substituted-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-1,3-dioxolane]platinum(II) complexes are described. The 42 platinum(II) complexes having a seven-membered ring structure in this series have been prepared and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, FAB-MS, and elemental analysis. All members of the series were designed to have a 1,3-dioxolane ring moiety in their carrier ligands to increase water solubility. The solubility of platinum complexes was related to the nature of leaving ligands and 2-substituents in the 4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-1,3-dioxolane carrier ligands. In general, compounds having two different R1 and R2 substituents in the 4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-1,3-dioxolane moiety were more water-soluble than those having the same substituents. Most members of this series showed the excellent antitumor activity against murine L1210 leukemia cells transplanted in mice and were superior to cisplatin and carboplatin. The (4R,5R)-stereoisomer 1a-h exhibited the higher antitumor activity than the corresponding (4S,5S)-stereoisomer 2a-h in the (1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) complexes. The (glycolato)-platinum(II) complexes were highly cytotoxic toward four human stomach cancer cell lines, SNU-1, SNU-5, SNU-16, and NCI-N87, and among them, complexes 3d-g were even more cytotoxic than cisplatin. The (malonato)platinum(II) complex 1m and the (glycolato)platinum(II) complexes 3d-g were selected for further studies based on the greater in vivo and in vitro antitumor activity and desirable physical properties. The complexes 3e-g were almost equally cytotoxic to cisplatin toward human stomach cancer cell lines, KATO-III and MKN-45, and a human non-small cell lung cancer cell line, PC14. In contrast with cisplatin and carboplatin, five complexes selected significantly increased in life span in mice transplanted with cisplatin-resistant L1210 cells. Nephrotoxicity studies in ICR mice indicated that serum BUN and creatinine levels were not elevated when five complexes were given at a dose equal to 1.5 times the optimal dose determined in the in vivo L1210 screening system.
Oral fat loading test: a reliable procedure for the study of fat malabsorption in children. (1979)

Oral triglyceride (TG) loading tests were performed in four groups of children: normal controls, patients with chronic nonspecific diarrhoea (CND), biopsy-proved mucosal pathology (MP), and disturbed intraluminal fat malabsorption (IFM). The rise of plasma TG levels greater than or equal to 55 mg/100 ml (greater than or equal to 0.6 mmol/l) can discriminate between patients with gastrointestinal disease and normal controls or patients with functional disturbances. The postmeal plasma TG rise correlates well with the coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) in normal subjects, patients with CND, and patients with IFM, but not in patients with MP who showed a disproportionally low plasma TG rise compared with their CFA. This test can serve as a useful tool in diagnosis and clinical evaluation for children with gastrointestinal disorders.
Optimization and Analysis of High‐Power Hydrogen/Bromine‐Flow Batteries for Grid‐Scale Energy Storage (2013)

Abstract For storage of grid‐scale electrical energy, redox‐flow batteries (RFBs) are considered promising technologies. This paper explores the influence of electrolyte composition and ion transport on cell performance by using an integrated approach of experiments and cost modeling. In particular, the impact of the area‐specific resistance on system capability is elucidated for the hydrogen/bromine RFB. The experimental data demonstrate very good performance with 1.46 W cm −2 peak power and 4 A cm −2 limiting current density at ambient conditions for an optimal cell design and reactant concentrations. The data and cost model results show that higher concentrations of RFB reactants do not necessarily result in lower capital cost as there is a tradeoff between cell performance and storage (tank) requirements. In addition, the discharge time and overall efficiency demonstrate nonlinear effects on system cost, with a 3 to 4 hour minimum discharge time showing a key transition to a plateau in terms of cost for typical RFB systems. The presented results are applicable to many different RFB chemistries and technologies and highlight the importance of ohmic effects and associated area‐specific resistance on RFB viability.
Rearrangement of 1-(1-Alkynyl)cyclopropanols to 2-Cyclopentenones via Their Hexacarbonyldicobalt Complexes. A New Use of Alkyne−Co<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>6</sub> Complexes in Organic Synthesis (1998)

A novel rearrangement of 1-(1-alkynyl)cyclopropanols to 2-cyclopenten-1-ones proceeded on complexation of their alkynyl part with octacarbonyldicobalt (Co2(CO8)). 1-(1-Alkynyl)cyclopropanols with a wide range of substituents on their alkyne terminus rearranged to the corresponding 3-substituted 2-cyclopenten-1-ones in good yield. In case of the reactions of 1-alkynylcyclopropanols with an alkyl substituent on the cyclopropane ring, either 4-substituted or 5-substituted 2-cyclopenten-1-ones could be selectively obtained by appropriate choice of stereochemistry and protective group of the substrates. This rearrangement was successfully applied to cyclopentenone annulation reactions onto cycloalkenes. An efficient synthesis of alkynyl-substituted bicyclo[n.1.0]alkanol derivatives from the corresponding cycloalkenes according to Danheiser's protocol was developed, and bicyclic cyclopentenones were obtained in moderate to good yield by applying to these the cobalt-mediated rearrangement. Furthermore, the rearrangement was found to proceed catalytically on addition of triaryl phosphite as a ligand. In particular, when tri(o-isopropylphenyl) phosphite was used as ligand, 5−10 mol % of Co2(CO)8 and 10−20 mol % of the phosphite sufficed for the efficient conversion of 1-alkynylcyclopropanols to 2-cyclopentenones. Mechanistic studies revealed that the rate-determining step was the thermal or oxidative dissociation of a carbonyl ligand from the alkyne−Co2(CO)6 complex and that the coordinately unsaturated cobalt moiety so-formed inserted into the neighboring carbon−carbon bond of the cyclopropane to give a metallacyclic intermediate. This further rearranged to a metallacyclohexanone intermediate, which gave the cyclopentenone with liberation of a coordinatively unsaturated cobalt species.
Arc Jet Testing of Hafnium Diboride Based Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (2003)

Hafnium Diboride (HFB,) based materials have shown promise for use in a number of high temperature aerospace applications, including rocket nozzles and as leading edges on hypersonic reentry vehicles. The stability of the materials in relevant environments is key to determining their suitability for a particular application. In this program we have been developing HfB2/SiC materials for use as sharp leading edges. The program as a whole included processing and characterization of the HfBJSiC materials. The specific work discussed here will focus on studies of the materials oxidation behavior in simulated reentry environments through arc jet testing. Four flat face models were tested to examine the influence of heat flux and stagnation pressure on the materials oxidation behavior. The results from arc jet testing of two HfB2/SiC cone models will also be discussed. Each cone model was run multiple times with gradually increasing heat fluxes. Total run times on a single cone model exceeded 80 minutes. For both the flat face and cone models surface temperatures well in excess of 2200 C were measured. Post test microstructural examination of the models and correlations with measured temperatures will be discussed.
Ratio of sequential chromatograms for quantitative analysis and peak deconvolution: application to standard addition method and process monitoring (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRatio of sequential chromatograms for quantitative analysis and peak deconvolution: application to standard addition method and process monitoringRobert E. Synovec, Edward L. Johnson, Timothy J. Bahowick, and Andrew W. SulyaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 15, 1597–1603Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00214a012Request reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (887 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cognitive Decline Typical of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration in Transgenic Mice Expressing the 25-kDa C-Terminal Fragment of TDP-43 (2011)

Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is the pathological signature protein in several neurodegenerative disorders, including the majority of frontotemporal lobar degeneration cases (FTLD-TDP), motor neuron disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Pathological TDP-43 is mislocalized from its nuclear location to the cytoplasm, where it accumulates and is proteolytically cleaved to form C-terminal fragments. Although the 25-kDa C-terminal fragment of TDP-43 (TDP-25) accumulates in affected brain regions, its role in the disease pathogenesis remains elusive. To address this problem, we have generated a novel transgenic mouse that selectively expresses TDP-25 in neurons. We show that transgenic mice expressing TDP-25 develop cognitive deficits associated with the build-up of soluble TDP-25. These cognitive deficits are independent of TDP-43-positive inclusions and occur without overt neurodegeneration. Additionally, we show that the expression of TDP-25 is sufficient to alter the processing of endogenous full-length TDP-43. These studies represent the first in vivo demonstration of a pathological role for TDP-25 and strongly suggest that the onset of cognitive deficits in TDP-43 proteinopathies is independent of TDP-43 inclusions. These data provide a framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of cognitive deficits in FTLD-TDP and other TDP-43 proteinopathies; thus, the TDP-25 transgenic mice represent a unique tool to reach this goal.
Impact of evil waveforms on GBAS performance (2002)

Several types of failures can occur in the GPS satellites that transmit the ranging signals to the users. Among them, a specific type of failure in the signal generation process aboard the satellite may result in an anomalous waveform being transmitted, called an 'evil waveform'. Evil waveforms are GPS signals that have a distorted PRN code modulation waveform. The main impact is a rupture of the symmetry of the cross-correlation peak inside the tracking channel, therefore inducing a different measurement error for two receivers that would not have the same loops architecture. As a consequence, there is a potential for evil waveforms to induce large tracking errors of differential systems if left undetected. This paper aims at providing some insight on the behavior of specific ground monitoring techniques that were proposed for implementation.
Holocene pollen stratigraphy and human interference in the woodlands of the northern Apennines, Italy (1994)

Pollen-stratigraphic data and radiocarbon dates are presented for a full Holocene series of sediment cores obtained from a high-level site in the Appennino Parmense, northern Italy. Three 'marker' horizons are identified on the basis of sediment changes and pollen stratigraphy, and the extent to which they indicate episodes of significant human interference in the local vegetation is discussed. The earliest (M1) is dated to around 6300 BP. From the pollen evidence, some form of human impact on the regional vegetation at this time is suspected, but there is no convincing archaeological evidence to support this. The pollen evidence from the second (M2: 5000-4000 BP) and third (M3: ca. 1400 BP) marker horizons is consistent with archaeological information in suggesting that the high parts of the Apennines, close to the tree-line, were subject to intense summer grazing during the late Neolithic through to the Copper Age, and the immediate post-Roman period. A review of archaeological and documentary evidence from the region is presented to demonstrate how an integration of these lines of research on the one hand, with pollen-stratigraphic studies on the other, may provide a better understanding of the pattern and intensity of land-use changes during the mid- to late-Holocene.
Characterizing nanoimprint pattern cross-section and fidelity from x-ray reflectivity (2006)

To address several of the challenges associated with nanoimprint lithography, new measurement techniques that can correlate the physical structure of an imprinted nanostructure with the materials used and the imprinting conditions are critical for optimizing imprint processes. Specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) is a widely used technique to quantify the thickness, density, and roughness of the non-patterned films. Here we extend the applicability of SXR to imprinted nanostructures by characterizing the pattern height, the line-to-space ratio as a function of pattern height, the residual layer thickness, and the fidelity of pattern transfer.
Design and implementation of vehicle monitor system based on GIS and GPRS (2009)

Most of vehicle monitoring systems based on GPS and GIS technologies use SMS as their communicating means. SMS didn't have private channel and is difficult to extend to suit other data business, could not afford stable communicating in those systems in some special situations. Contrasting with SMS, GPRS is cheap, real time and is more stable, and more suitable for those systems. A vehicle monitoring system that using GPRS and GIS is introduced, including the architecture, design, and the implementing of software is emphasized, also.
Extracellular pyridine nucleotides induce <i>PR</i> gene expression and disease resistance in Arabidopsis (2008)

Although it is well known that the pyridine nucleotides NAD and NADP function inside the cell to regulate intracellular signaling processes, recent evidence from animal studies suggests that NAD(P) also functions in the extracellular compartment (ECC). Extracellular NAD(P) [eNAD(P)] can either directly bind to plasma membrane receptors or be metabolized by ecto-enzymes to produce cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and/or may ADP-ribosylate cell-surface receptors, resulting in activation of transmembrane signaling. In this study, we report that, in plants, exogenous NAD(P) induces the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326. Chelation of Ca(2+) by EGTA significantly inhibits the induction of PR genes by exogenous NAD(P), suggesting that exogenous NAD(P) may induce PR genes through a pathway that involves Ca(2+) signaling. We show that exogenous application of NAD(P) causes accumulation of the defense signal molecule salicylic acid (SA), and induces both SA/NPR1-dependent and -independent PR gene expression and disease resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that NAD(P) leaks into the plant ECC after mechanical wounding and pathogen infection, and that the amount of NAD(P) leaking into the ECC after P. syringae pv. tobacco DC3000/avrRpt2 infection is sufficient for induction of both PR gene expression and disease resistance. We propose that NAD(P) leakage from cells losing membrane integrity upon environmental stress may function as an elicitor to activate plant defense responses. Our data provide evidence that eNAD(P) functions in plant signaling, and illustrate the potential importance of eNAD(P) in plant innate immunity.
Interfacial Viscoelasticity of Crude Oil/Brine: An Alternative Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Mechanism in Smart Waterflooding (2018)

Summary Injection of water with a designed chemistry has been proposed as a novel enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) method, commonly referred to as low-salinity (LS) or smart waterflooding, among other labels. The multiple names encompass a family of EOR methods that rely on modifying injection-water chemistry to increase oil recovery. Despite successful laboratory experiments and field trials, underlying EOR mechanisms remain controversial and poorly understood. At present, the vast majority of the proposed mechanisms rely on rock/fluid interactions. In this work, we propose an alternative fluid/fluid interaction mechanism (i.e., an increase in crude-oil/water interfacial viscoelasticity upon injection of designed brine as a suppressor of oil trapping by snap-off). A crude oil from Wyoming was selected for its known interfacial responsiveness to water chemistry. Brines were prepared with analytic-grade salts to test the effect of specific anions and cations. The brines’ ionic strengths were modified by dilution with deionized water to the desired salinity. A battery of experiments was performed to show a link between dynamic interfacial viscoelasticity and recovery. Experiments include double-wall ring interfacial rheometry, direct visualization on microfluidic devices, and coreflooding experiments in Berea sandstone cores. Interfacial rheological results show that interfacial viscoelasticity generally increases as brine salinity is decreased, regardless of which cations and anions are present in brine. However, the rate of elasticity buildup and the plateau value depend on specific ions available in solution. Snap-off analysis in a microfluidic device, consisting of a flow-focusing geometry, demonstrates that increased viscoelasticity suppresses interfacial pinch-off, and sustains a more continuous oil phase. This effect was examined in coreflooding experiments with sodium sulfate brines. Corefloods were designed to limit wettability alteration by maintaining a low temperature (25°C) and short aging times. Geochemical analysis provided information on in-situ water chemistry. Oil-recovery and pressure responses were shown to directly correlate with interfacial elasticity [i.e., recovery factor (RF) is consistently greater the larger the induced interfacial viscoelasticity for the system examined in this paper]. Our results demonstrate that a largely overlooked interfacial effect of engineered waterflooding can serve as an alternative and more complete explanation of LS or engineered waterflooding recovery. This new mechanism offers a direction to design water chemistry for optimized waterflooding recovery in engineered water-chemistry processes, and opens a new route to design EOR methods.
THE 'GOÛT HOLLANDOIS (1939)

THE 'GOÛT HOLLANDOIS Get access A. F. JOHNSON A. F. JOHNSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Library, Volume s4-XX, Issue 2, September 1939, Pages 180–196, https://doi.org/10.1093/library/s4-XX.2.180 Published: 01 September 1939