gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of diaminopimelic acid and lysine in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. 2. Incorporation of [14C]diaminopimelic acid, lysine and glucose (1959)

Research Article| July 01 1959 Biosynthesis of diaminopimelic acid and lysine in Escherichia coli. 2. Incorporation of [14C]diaminopimelic acid, lysine and glucose Pauline Meadow; Pauline Meadow 1Department of Biochemistry, University College London and Department of Chemical Pathology, University College Hospital Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Elizabeth Work Elizabeth Work 1Department of Biochemistry, University College London and Department of Chemical Pathology, University College Hospital Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1959) 72 (3): 400–407. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0720400 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Pauline Meadow, Elizabeth Work; Biosynthesis of diaminopimelic acid and lysine in Escherichia coli. 2. Incorporation of [14C]diaminopimelic acid, lysine and glucose. Biochem J 1 July 1959; 72 (3): 400–407. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0720400 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1959 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1959 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Diagnosis of Airspeed Measurement Faults for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2014)

Airspeed sensor faults are common causes for incidents with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with pitot tube clogging or icing being the most common causes. Timely diagnosis of such faults or other artifacts in signals from airspeed sensing systems could potentially prevent crashes. This paper employs parameter adaptive estimators to provide analytical redundancies and a dedicated diagnosis scheme is designed. Robustness is investigated on sets of flight data to estimate distributions of test statistics. The result is robust diagnosis with adequate balance between false alarm rate and fault detectability.
Changepoint Detection in Climate Time Series with Long-Term Trends (2013)

Abstract Climate time series often have artificial shifts induced by instrumentation changes, station relocations, observer changes, etc. Climate time series also often exhibit long-term trends. Much of the recent literature has focused on identifying the structural breakpoint time(s) of climate time series—the so-called changepoint problem. Unfortunately, application of rudimentary mean-shift changepoint tests to scenarios with trends often leads to the erroneous conclusion that a mean shift occurred near the series' center. This paper examines this problem in detail, constructing some simple homogeneity tests for series with trends. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed statistic is derived; en route, an attempt is made to unify the asymptotic properties of the changepoint methods used in today's climate literature. The tests presented here are linked to the ubiquitous t test. Application is made to two temperature records: 1) the continental United States record and 2) a local record from Jacksonville, Illinois.
Evaluation of oriented poly(lactide) polymers vs. existing PET and oriented PS for fresh food service containers (2005)

Poly(lactide) (PLA) polymers have garnered increasing attention in the last few years as food packaging materials because they can be obtained from renewable resources; their production consumes quantities of carbon dioxide; they can be recycled and composted; and their physical and mechanical properties can be tailored through polymer architecture. As a consequence, PLA is becoming a growing alternative as a ‘green’ food packaging material. PLA's optical, physical and mechanical properties have been compared to those of polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), although studies comparing and showing the actual performance of PLA, PS and PET plastics containers are scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the role of PLA in package sustainability for the food service industry. Two of the commonly used materials to make containers to package fresh food, PET and oriented polystyrene (OPS), were compared with oriented PLA (OPLA) and OPLA with 40% recycled content from the industrial trimming process. The recycled OPLA provides an opportunity for full material utilization and lower costs. This study involved a number of tests to quantify the physical, mechanical, barrier and compatibility properties that would affect the selection criteria for containers to be used for food service applications. Based on the data collected, OPLA, OPLA + 40% regrind, OPS and PET performances were evaluated. Exposure of the four materials to vegetable oil and weak and strong acids show a minimal reduction in the performance of these polymers. At ambient temperature, PET has the highest impact resistance, followed by OPLA, OPS and OPLA + 40% regrind. In terms of barrier properties, PET shows the highest oxygen barrier, followed by OPLA, OPLA 40% recycled content, and OPS. Thus, OPLA and OPLA with 40% recycled content can be used for fresh food applications as well as OPS and PET, and in many situations it performs better than OPS and PET. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gallstones in obesity and weight loss (2000)

The prevalence of cholesterol gallstones is increased in obese persons. The risk is especially high in those with the highest body mass index (relative risk 5-6). Weight loss further increases the risk of gallstones: the prevalence of new gallstones reaches 10-12% after 8-16 weeks of low-calorie diet and more than 30% within 12-18 months after gastric by-pass surgery. About one-third of the stones are symptomatic. The increased prevalence of stones is mostly due to supersaturation of bile with cholesterol, because of an increased synthesis by the liver and secretion into bile. Saturation is further increased during weight loss. It returns toward normal after weight stabilization at a lower level, allowing spontaneous stone dissolution in some cases. Identified risk factors for gallstones during weight loss are a relative loss of weight greater than 24% of initial body weight, a rate of weight loss greater than 1.5 kg per week, a very low calorie diet with no fat, a long overnight fast period and a high serum triglyceride level. Ursodeoxycholic acid decreases cholesterol saturation of bile and gallstone incidence during weight loss. Other preventive measures include a control of weight loss rate, a reduction of the length of overnight fast, and maintenance of a small amount of fat in the diet.
A <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> PUF protein family with distinct RNA binding specificity (2008)

PUF proteins comprise a highly conserved family of sequence-specific RNA binding proteins that regulate target mRNAs via binding directly to their 3'UTRs. The Caenorhabditis elegans genome encodes several PUF proteins, which cluster into four groups based on sequence similarity; all share amino acids that interact with the RNA in the cocrystal of human Pumilio with RNA. Members of the FBF and the PUF-8/9 groups bind different but related RNA sequences. We focus here on the binding specificity of representatives of a third cluster, comprising PUF-5, -6, and -7. We performed in vivo selection experiments using the yeast three-hybrid system to identify RNA sequences that bind PUF-5 and PUF-6, and we confirmed binding to optimal sites in vitro. The consensus sequences derived from the screens are similar for PUF-5 and PUF-6 but differ from those of the FBF or PUF-8/-9 groups. Similarly, neither PUF-5 nor PUF-6 bind the recognition sites preferred by the other clusters. Mutagenesis studies confirmed the unique RNA specificity of PUF-5/-6. Using the PUF-5 consensus derived from our experiments, we searched a database of C. elegans 3'UTRs to identify potential targets of PUF-5, several of which indeed bind PUF-5. Therefore the consensus has predictive value and provides a route to finding genuine targets of these proteins.
Polymeric Micelles for Delivery of Poorly Water-Soluble Compounds (2003)

Amphiphilic polymers assemble into nanoscopic supramolecular core-shell structures, termed polymeric micelles, which are under extensive study for drug delivery. There are several reasons for this growing interest. Polymeric micelles maybe safe for parenteral administration relative to existing solubilizing agents (for instance, Cremophor EL), permitting an increase in the dose of potent yet toxic and poorly water soluble compounds. Polymeric micelles solubilize important poorly water-soluble compounds, such as amphotericin B (AmB), propofol, paclitaxel, and photosensitizers. A major factor in drug solubilization is the compatibility of a drug and a core of a polymeric micelle. In this context, we may consider Pluronics, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-phospholipid conjugates, PEG-b-poly(ester)s, and PEG-b-poly(L-amino acid)s for drug delivery. Polymeric micelles may circulate for prolonged periods in blood, evade host defenses, and gradually release drug. Thus, they may show a preferential accumulation at sites of disease such as solid tumors. Polymeric micelles inhibit p-glycoprotein at drug-resistant tumors, gastrointestinal tract, and blood/brain barrier, perhaps providing a way to overcome drug resistance in cancer and increase drug absorption from the gut and drug absorption into the brain. Lastly, polymeric micelles may reduce the self-aggregation of polyene antibiotics, key membrane-acting drugs used to combat life-threatening systemic fungal diseases. In this way, they may reduce its dose-limiting toxicity without a loss of antifungal activity.
Development of a Novel Direct Bioautography–Thin-Layer Chromatography Test: Optimization of Growth Conditions for Gram-Negative Bacteria, Escherichia coli (2011)

With the aim of developing a TLC-direct bioautography assay using Escherichia coli as test bacteria, various parameters influencing the viability of microorganisms on TLC plates were examined and checked for flumequine standards. The optimal times for preincubation and incubation of bacterial broth were 20 h at 37 degrees C and 2 h at 37 degrees C, respectively. The optimal viscosity of the broth was obtained for 0.05% agarose solution in Mueller-Hinton broth. Various incubation times of the seeded TLC plates were also tested (5 h proved to be optimal). After incubation, the plates were sprayed with 0.2% aqueous [3-(4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) solution and incubated for 0.5 h at 37 degrees C. The precision of the method was evaluated by the repeatability (intraday assay) and intermediate precision (interday assay). The regression coefficients were 0.9977 and 0.9968, respectively, for intraday and interday curves. The calibration curves show good linearity in the range of 0.005-0.50 microg (0.5-50.0 microg/mL). The established LOD of flumequine equaled 0.5 microg/mL, i.e., 5 ng flumequine in the spot. The developed direct bioautography test significantly enhances the sensitivity of the TLC method.
Effects of Precursors on Preparation of Pd/α-alumina Catalyst for Synthesis of Dimethyl Oxalate (2007)

The influence of two palladium precursors, PdCl2 and Pd(NO3)2, on the preparation of catalyst applied in the CO coupling reaction to synthesize dimethyl oxalate was studied. It is revealed that PdCl2 is much more difficult to decompose than Pd(NO3)2 during calcination, and for catalyst prepared from PdCl2, temperatures as high as 773 K are necessary to obtain surface Pd0, while for catalyst prepared from Pd(NO3)2, the corresponding temperature is 473 K. Furthermore, two palladium distributions across the pellet supports are illustrated. The eggshell palladium distribution resulting from using Pd(NO3)2 as precursor was proven more suitable for the present coupling reaction than the uniform palladium distribution obtained by using PdCl2. The results suggest that Pd(NO3)2 is superior to PdCl2 in preparing catalysts for the CO coupling reaction, and the active components on the support outer face have a more efficient utilization than that on the support inner face, which makes moderate reduction of Pd loading feasible.
NAP, A Neuroprotective Drug Candidate in Clinical Trials, Stimulates Microtubule Assembly in the Living Cell (2007)

NAP (NAPVSIPQ), derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) provides neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo against a wide variety of neurotoxic substances. To further understand the mechanism by which NAP provides broad neuroprotection it was essential to find NAP's binding partners. Previous results, using affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, identified tubulin, the subunit protein of microtubules, as the major NAP binding protein in neurons and glial cells. Here, following microtubule depolymerization in the presence of nocodazole, NAP treatment enhanced rapid microtubule assembly and stimulated neurite outgrowth. Nocodazole is an established inhibitor of axoplasmic transport and cell division that exerts its effect by depolymerizing microtubules. NAP shows selectivity in interacting with brain tubulin and does not affect dividing cells. This data demonstrates that NAP functions as a neuroprotectant, at least in part, through its interaction with tubulin with a resulting increase in microtubule assembly.
Dietary Fat and Ruminally Protected Amino Acids for High Producing Dairy Cows (1990)

Eight early lactation Holstein cows, used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design, were fed the following diets: control; control plus ruminally protected amino acids (15 g methionine and 20 g lysine); control plus added fat (.32 kg 60:40 animal and vegetable blend and .36 kg of Ca salts of fatty acids); control plus ruminally protected amino acids plus added fat. The objective was to examine the effect of ruminally protected forms of lysine and methionine and dietary fat on milk yield and composition. Cows were fed for ad libitum consumption of total mixed diets consisting of 50% forage and 50% concentrate on a DM basis. Added fat increased milk, fat, and 4% FCM yield but decreased milk protein percentage. Ruminally protected amino acids increased milk protein percentage. The combined effect of fat and ruminally protected acids increased milk fat percentage and yield more than the sole addition of either supplement. Added fat increased the percentage and yield of long-chain fatty acids in milk. Plasma free fatty acids were also increased by fat addition. Adding ruminally protected amino acids to fat-supplemented diets may help alleviate the milk protein depression found with added fat.
How to Transform Individuals and Nations (2012)

The following diagrams illustrate a scientifically sound framework for world transformation and peace. The two components, Excellence of the External and Excellence of the Internal, allow individuals organizations, and nations to emerge at their best. Six Sigma is the wherewithal for the excellence of the external while the ancient Eastern wisdom, recent scientific contributions of Western and American scientists, and this author's framework outlined in science of compassion is the wherewithal for the excellence of the internal. By now, I have made numerous presentations on the topic in three countries (e.g., USA, Peru and India) to audience’s bewilderment, excitement, and acceptance. I am confident this framework has a lot of potential for doing humanity a lot of good.
Tunable thiol–epoxy shape memory polymer foams (2015)

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are uniquely suited to a number of applications due to their shape storage and recovery abilities and the wide range of available chemistries. However, many of the desired performance properties are tied to the polymer chemistry which can make optimization difficult. The use of foaming techniques is one way to tune mechanical response of an SMP without changing the polymer chemistry. In this work, a novel thiol–epoxy SMP was foamed using glass microspheres (40 and 50% by volume Q-Cel 6019), using expandable polymer microspheres (1% 930 DU 120), and by a chemical blowing agent (1% XOP-341). Each approach created SMP foam with a differing density and microstructure from the others. Thermal and thermomechanical analysis was performed to observe the behavioral difference between the foaming techniques and to confirm that the glass transition (Tg) was relatively unchanged near 50 °C while the glassy modulus varied from 19.1 to 345 MPa and the rubbery modulus varied from 0.04 to 2.2 MPa. The compressive behavior of the foams was characterized through static compression testing at different temperatures, and cyclic compression testing at Tg. Constrained shape recovery testing showed a range of peak recovery stress from 5 MPa for the syntactic Q-Cel foams to ~0.1 MPa for the chemically blown XOP-341 foam. These results showed that multiple foaming approaches can be used with a novel SMP to vary the mechanical response independent of Tg and polymer chemistry.
Comprehensive Modeling of Corneal Alkali Injury in the Rat Eye (2017)

This study highlights the molecular, clinical, and histopathological changes throughout the progression of alkali injury in the rat cornea. These profiles will assist in the development of new strategies and therapies for ocular alkali injury.
CCL5/CCR5 axis induces vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated tumor angiogenesis in human osteosarcoma microenvironment (2014)

Chemokines modulate angiogenesis and metastasis that dictate cancer development in tumor microenvironment. Osteosarcoma is the most frequent bone tumor and is characterized by a high metastatic potential. Chemokine CCL5 (previously called RANTES) has been reported to facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. However, the crosstalk between chemokine CCL5 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as tumor angiogenesis in human osteosarcoma microenvironment has not been well explored. In this study, we found that CCL5 increased VEGF expression and production in human osteosarcoma cells. The conditioned medium (CM) from CCL5-treated osteosarcoma cells significantly induced tube formation and migration of human endothelial progenitor cells. Pretreatment of cells with CCR5 antibody or transfection with CCR5 specific siRNA blocked CCL5-induced VEGF expression and angiogenesis. CCL5/CCR5 axis demonstrably activated protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), c-Src and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling cascades to induce VEGF-dependent angiogenesis. Furthermore, knockdown of CCL5 suppressed VEGF expression and attenuated osteosarcoma CM-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. CCL5 knockdown dramatically abolished tumor growth and angiogenesis in the osteosarcoma xenograft animal model. Importantly, we demonstrated that the expression of CCL5 and VEGF were correlated with tumor stage according the immunohistochemistry analysis of human osteosarcoma tissues. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that CCL5/CCR5 axis promotes VEGF-dependent tumor angiogenesis in human osteosarcoma microenvironment through PKCδ/c-Src/HIF-1α signaling pathway. CCL5 may represent a potential therapeutic target against human osteosarcoma.
The NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors: new early genes regulated by growth factors in vascular cells (2004)

The molecular mechanisms regulating endothelial cell activation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation are critical in the pathological processes underlying atherosclerosis. Numerous growth factors and cytokines trigger the complex and redundant signaling pathways that regulate cell cycle entry; however, the genes controlling these processes are not fully known. Applying techniques for differential gene expression analysis, new transcription factors have been identified in these mechanisms, among them the three members of the NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors (NRs). These transcription factors (NOR-1, Nur77 and Nurr1) are products of immediate-early genes whose expression and activity is regulated in a cell-specific manner by a variety of extracellular mitogenic, apoptotic and differentiation stimuli. Unlike most NRs whose transcriptional activity is regulated by direct modulatory ligands, NR4A genes do not appear to require ligand binding for activation, and in vascular cells they are highly responsive to growth factors, cytokines, lipoproteins and thrombin. In this review, we discuss our present knowledge on the role of this subfamily of NRs in vascular cell function.
Progression from ischemic injury to infarct following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. (1993)

Focal brain ischemia induced in rats by occlusion of an intracranial artery is a widely used paradigm of human brain infarct. Details of the structural changes that develop in either the human or the rat brain at various times after occlusion of an intracranial artery are incompletely characterized. We studied, in 48 adult Wistar rats, structural alterations involving the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to an arterial occlusion, at intervals ranging from 30 min to 7 days. Microscopic changes developed over time in separate areas of the corresponding cerebral hemisphere in a predictable pattern, appearing as small lesions in the preoptic area (30 minutes), enlarging to involve the striatum, and finally involving the cerebral cortex. Two types of neuronal responses were noted according to the time elapsed; acute changes (up to 6 hours) included scalloping, shrinkage, and swelling, whereas delayed changes (eosinophilia and karyolysis) appeared later (> or = 12 hours). Three types of astrocytic responses were noted. 1) Cytoplasmic disintegration occurred in the preoptic area at a time and in a place where neurons appeared minimally injured. 2) Nuclear and cytoplasmic swelling were prominent responses in the caudoputamen and cerebral cortex at a time when neurons showed minimal alterations. 3) Increased astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein reactivity was noted at the interface between the lesion and the surrounding brain tissue after 4 to 6 hours. The gross pattern of the brain lesion and the maturation of neuronal changes typical of a brain infarct have a predictable progression. Focal brain ischemia of up to 6-hour duration does not induce coagulation necrosis.
An LDPC Decoder Chip Based on Self-Routing Network for IEEE 802.16e Applications (2008)

An LDPC decoder chip fully compliant to IEEE 802.16e applications is presented. Since the parity check matrix can be decomposed into sub-matrices which are either a zero-matrix or a cyclic shifted matrix, a phase-overlapping message passing scheme is applied to update messages immediately, leading to enhance decoding throughput. With only one shifter-based permutation structure, a self-routing switch network is proposed to merge 19 different sub-matrix sizes as defined in IEEE 802.16e and enable parallel message to be routed without congestion. Fabricated in the 90 nm 1P9M CMOS process, this chip achieves 105 Mb/s at 20 iterations while decoding the rate-5/6 2304-bit code at 150 MHz operation frequency. To meet the maximum data rate in IEEE 802.16e, this chip operates at 109 MHz frequency and dissipates 186 mW at 1.0 V supply.