gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Image Shape from Defocus (2005)

The limited depth of field causes scene points at various distances from a camera to be imaged with different amounts of defocus. If images captured under different aperture settings are available, the defocus measure can be estimated and used for 3D scene reconstruction. Usually, defocusing is modeled by gaussian convolution over local image patches, but the estimation of a defocus measure based on that is hampered by the spurious high-frequencies introduced by windowing. Here we show that this can be ameliorated by the use of unnormalized gaussians, which allow defocus estimation from the zero-frequency Fourier component of the image patches, thus avoiding spurious high frequencies. As our main contribution, we also show that the modified shape from defocus approach can be extended to shape estimation from single shading inputs. This is done by simulating an aperture change, via gaussian convolution, in order to generate the second image required for defocus estimation. As proven here, the gaussian-blurred image carries an explicit depth-dependent blur component - which is missing from an ideal shading input -, and thus allows depth estimation as in the multi-image case.
A testability strategy for silicon compilers (2003)

The authors present a testability strategy for complex VLSI devices which is implemented in the PIRAMID Digital Signal Processor Silicon Compiler. The macrotest methodology supports built-in self-test, scan test, bus test control, restricted partial scan and test control logic at various levels in the design hierarchy. A set of testability design rules is developed and implemented automatically in the design. The design hierarchy is closely followed, resulting in a hierarchical set of testable macros. The complete process from design to final test program is guided by software tools. As an example, the synthesis of a large industrial circuit is presented for comparing the proposed approach with the traditional approaches. The additional overhead due to testability is within reasonable limits (roughly 8%), and the software run time figures show that it is possible to generate a test program with an excellent fault coverage within a very short period of time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of the Annexin A1 Protein and Its Mimetic Peptide Ac2-26 in Models of Ocular Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro (2013)

Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a protein that displays potent anti-inflammatory properties, but its expression in eye tissue and its role in ocular inflammatory diseases have not been well studied. We investigated the mechanism of action and potential uses of AnxA1 and its mimetic peptide (Ac2-26) in the endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) rodent model and in human ARPE-19 cells activated by LPS. In rats, analysis of untreated EIU after 24 and 48 h or EIU treated with topical applications or with a single s.c. injection of Ac2-26 revealed the anti-inflammatory actions of Ac2-26 on leukocyte infiltration and on the release of inflammatory mediators; the systemic administration of Boc2, a formylated peptide receptor (fpr) antagonist, abrogated the peptide's protective effects. Moreover, AnxA1(-/-) mice exhibited exacerbated EIU compared with wild-type animals. Immunohistochemical studies of ocular tissue showed a specific AnxA1 posttranslational modification in EIU and indicated that the fpr2 receptor mediated the anti-inflammatory actions of AnxA1. In vitro studies confirmed the roles of AnxA1 and fpr2 and the protective effects of Ac2-26 on the release of chemical mediators in ARPE-19 cells. Molecular analysis of NF-κB translocation and IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression indicated that the protective effects of AnxA1 occur independently of the NF-κB signaling pathway and possibly in a posttranscriptional manner. Together, our data highlight the role of AnxA1 in ocular inflammation, especially uveitis, and suggest the use of AnxA1 or its mimetic peptide Ac2-26 as a therapeutic approach.
EFFECTS OF A GRCWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR IN MAN (1983)

The effects of the 44-amino acid growth hormone releasing factor (GRF-44) were tested in normal adult men and women. At a dose of 1 microgram/kg, intravenous boluses of GRF-44 stimulated prompt elevations of plasma GH, which in 5 men reached maximum levels of 34 +/- 28 (S.D.) ng/ml, and in 3 women in the mid-follicular phase, 53 +/- 10 ng/ml. The action of GRF was highly selective; there were no changes in plasma PRL, LH, FSH, TSH, or cortisol at this dose level. Side effects, mostly flushing and a sense of warmth of the face and chest, were mild and occurred only in a minority of subjects.
Association Between Licensing Examination Scores and Resource Use and Quality of Care in Primary Care Practice (1998)

Licensing examination scores are significant predictors of consultation, prescribing, and mammography screening rates in initial primary care practice.
Use of Synthetic Peptides to Locate Novel Integrin α2β1-binding Motifs in Human Collagen III (2005)

A set of 57 synthetic peptides encompassing the entire triplehelical domain of human collagen III was used to locate binding sites for the collagen-binding integrin alpha(2)beta(1). The capacity of the peptides to support Mg(2+)-dependent binding of several integrin preparations was examined. Wild-type integrins (recombinant alpha(2) I-domain, alpha(2)beta(1) purified from platelet membranes, and recombinant soluble alpha(2)beta(1) expressed as an alpha(2)-Fos/beta(1)-Jun heterodimer) bound well to only three peptides, two containing GXX'GER motifs (GROGER and GMOGER, where O is hydroxyproline) and one containing two adjacent GXX'GEN motifs (GLKGEN and GLOGEN). Two mutant alpha(2) I-domains were tested: the inactive T221A mutant, which recognized no peptides, and the constitutively active E318W mutant, which bound a larger subset of peptides. Adhesion of activated human platelets to GER-containing peptides was greater than that of resting platelets, and HT1080 cells bound well to more of the peptides compared with platelets. Binding of cells and recombinant proteins was abolished by anti-alpha(2) monoclonal antibody 6F1 and by chelation of Mg(2+). We describe two novel high affinity integrin-binding motifs in human collagen III (GROGER and GLOGEN) and a third motif (GLKGEN) that displays intermediate activity. Each motif was verified using shorter synthetic peptides.
Inhibition of tubercle bacilli in cultured human macrophages by chloroquine used alone and in combination with streptomycin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and two metabolites of vitamin D3 (1990)

Intracellular tubercle bacilli (TB) reside in vacuoles in infected human macrophages (MPs). The relative impotency of streptomycin against TB in MPs and the contrary greatly increased potency of pyrazinamide (PZA) have been attributed to the fact that these vacuoles are phagolysosomes and, therefore, acidic. Chloroquine (CQ) is a lysomotropic base which can be used to raise phagolysosomal pH. Consequently, it was tested for its ability to increase the anti-TB effectiveness of streptomycin and decrease that of PZA in cultured human MPs. MPs infected with virulent Erdman strain TB were incubated in medium with various combinations of the drugs. Samples were taken at 0, 4, and 7 days and lysed for CFU counts of viable TB on nutrient agar. As expected, CQ increased the effectiveness of SM, but unexpectedly, it did not decrease that of PZA. CQ alone was found to be able to inhibit intracellular TB. Because of this, it was also tested with isoniazid, 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3, and 25-OH-vitamin D3. It significantly enhanced the anti-TB protectiveness of both isoniazid and 25-OH-vitamin D3. Some combinations of CQ and the various drugs tested were able to kill intracellular TB. These results suggest that CQ may be useful in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Isolation of Small Starch Granules and Determination of Their Fat Mimic Characteristics (2003)

ABSTRACT Small starch granules from wheat and amaranth were isolated and examined by light microscopy (wheat), scanning electron microscopy (wheat and amaranth), and rapid viscosity (RVA) analysis. The isolated wheat and amaranth starches were incorporated into reduced‐fat frozen dessert mixes (2%, w/w) and the frozen desserts were characterized by sensory analysis for smoothness, creaminess, and preference. The results of the sensory analysis suggest that up to 50% of the fat in a frozen dessert may be replaced when substituted by these starches at the 2% level (w/w).
[Rectal catheter decompression in colonic pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie syndrome). Report of a case and review of the literature]. (2000)

The Ogilvie's Syndrome is a major surgical complication. It is defined as a severe dilatation of the colon, the cecum, ascendant and transverse, without the presence air at the distal colon following abdominal surgery. The causes are unknown. We described a clinical case of patient delivered by C-S who developed this syndrome and a review of the literature. We emphasized on the importance of the early diagnosis by the use of the traditional abdomen X-Rays and we described a relatively new approach for this patients through the decompression by colonoscopy using a Levin's catheter successfully. This is an alternative minimum-invasive treatment which could be of a great benefit for the patients with this disease.
Defining the basis of an operational model for enhanced efficacy of combination therapy using an endothelin receptor antagonist and chemotherapeutic agents (2007)

A287 Background: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide present as a normal ejaculate protein that we have shown to be elevated in men with prostate adenocarcinoma. The endothelin A receptor (ET A R) subtype is the predominant ET receptor in prostate cancer and functions in cell survival, in part, through PI3-kinase signaling and subsequent Akt phosphorylation. The endothelin B receptor (ET B R) subtype is downregulated in cancer through promoter methylation. ET A R levels are further upregulated during androgen ablation as demonstrated in both an in vitro model of prostate cancer and the prostate cancer tissue of men receiving hormone ablation therapy.  Aims: The present study examined the effects of combining cytotoxic drugs with the specific ET A R antagonist, ZD4054, on prostate cancer cell survival. In addition, this study examined the effects of the androgen receptor antagonist, bicalutamide (Casodex ® ), on ET-1 secretion.  Methods: Human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines were pretreated with 10 nM ZD4054 followed by different cytotoxic agents: paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinblastine, and doxorubicin (100 pM-1 µM). Survival was measured by MTT assay and apoptosis by an ELISA assay. Modulation of ET-1 secretion in prostate cancer cell lines by bicalutamide treatment (0.1-100 µM) was analyzed using an ELISA-based assay, and the effect of ZD4054 on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) secretion was assessed by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center’s clinical chemistry laboratory using the Tosoh assay. Immunoblot analysis was used to assess ZD4054’s effect on ET-1-induced Akt phosphorylation.  Results: Treatment of PCa cells with ZD4054, in combination with either paclitaxel or docetaxel, significantly reduced proliferation compared with any treatment alone. ZD4054 also inhibited ET-1-induced Akt phosphorylation in PPC-1 cells. In androgen-sensitive PCa cell lines (LNCaP and LAPC4), androgen receptor blockade with bicalutamide significantly increased ET-1 secretion (LNCaP 2.0-fold at 1 µM; LAPC4 1.9-fold at 100 µM) compared with vehicle-treated cells, while PSA secretion did not change with ZD4054 treatment.  Conclusions : This study has shown that ZD4054, in combination with taxanes, potentiates PCa cell death, in part through inhibiting ET-1-induced Akt phosphorylation. In androgen-sensitive cells, the induction of ET-1 secretion by bicalutamide treatment implies that ET-1 signaling through ET A R may be more efficiently targeted during androgen ablation to inhibit survival of androgen-refractory prostate cancer cells.
Dissolution Rate A Measurement of the Deaggregation of Furosemide Agglomerates During An Interactive Mixing Process (1990)

Agglomerates of drug particles must be broken down and single particles attached to the carrier to ensure a completely random interactive mixture. Here it was found that the dissolution rates of samples from interactive mixtures compared to suspended furosemide was an indication of the deaggregation of furosemide agglomerates during an interactive mixing process. Deaggregation depended on the forces generated during mixing and was quicker when a high density carrier such as sodium chloride was used.
Human Rights Violations by Peacekeeping Forces in Somalia (2014)

Widespread sexual violence is occurring throughout South-Central Somalia, and the perpetrators of this violence are often alleged to be government security forces and military personnel from the African Union Mission for Somalia (AMISOM). Within Somalia, there is little recourse for victims of sexual violence, and human rights practitioners are looking to international options as alternative venues for seeking justice. This article uses the case of peacekeeping troops in Somalia perpetrating human rights violations to explore the liability of peacekeepers and their home states in these situations. It assumes, for purposes of analysis here, that due to their traditional immunities, the international organizations involved in Within providing the peacekeeping forces are not themselves accountable for human rights violations or criminal misconduct, but that issue is not explored comprehensively in this article.
Factors related to compliance to anti-malarial drug combination: example of amodiaquine/sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine among children in rural Senegal (2009)

The results of the study show the importance of information and communication between caregivers and health center staff. The experience gained from this therapeutic transition emphasizes the importance of information given to the patients at the time of the consultation and drug delivery in order to improve drug use and thus prevent the emergence of rapid drug resistance.
CD47 is a Novel Potent Immunotherapy Target in Human Malignancies: Current Studies and Future Promises (2018)

Recently, many immunosuppressive checkpoints such as PD-L1, CTLA-4 and CD47, were identified in succession and serve as potential immunotherapy targets in human cancers. Among them, CD47, a 'marker-of-self' protein that is overexpressed broadly across tumor types, is emerging as a novel potent macrophage immune checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we highlight the prominent role of CD47 as a 'don't-eat-me' signal that inhibits macrophage phagocytosis for immune evasion of a tumor and presents the opportunities and challenges for CD47 inhibitors both as monotherapy and in combination treatments for hematological cancers and solid tumors; some of these agents are currently in clinical trials.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a survival factor (2005)

NGAL (human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) and its mouse analogue 24p3 are members of the lipocalin family of small secreted proteins. These proteins are up-regulated in a number of pathological conditions, including cancers, and may function as transporters of essential factors. Although previous publications have suggested that 24p3 has pro-apoptotic functions, other data are more suggestive of a survival function. The current study was designed to determine whether NGAL is pro- or anti-apoptotic. Apoptosis induced in human adenocarcinoma A549 cells by the 5-lipoxygenase-activating-protein inhibitor MK886, or several celecoxib-derived PDK1 (phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1) inhibitors that are devoid of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitory activity, was accompanied by a dose- and time-dependent increase of NGAL mRNA levels, as was reported previously with 24p3. A similar induction of NGAL mRNA was observed in human breast cancer MCF7 cells treated with MK886, indicating this was not a cell-specific effect. Treatment of A549 cells with up to 150 mug/10(6) cells of purified recombinant NGAL protein had no effect on viability, whereas antisera against the full-length NGAL protein induced apoptosis in these cells. The stable overexpression of NGAL in A549 cells had no effect on proliferation or viability. However, the cell death induced by a PDK1 inhibitor was reduced by 50% in NGAL-overexpressing cells. Decreasing NGAL mRNA and protein expression with siRNA (small interfering RNA) in A549 cells increased the toxicity of a PDK1 inhibitor by approx. 45%. These data indicate that, although the induction of NGAL correlates with apoptosis, this induction represents a survival response. Because NGAL is a secreted protein, it may play an extracellular role in cell defence against toxicants and/or facilitate the survival of the remaining cells.
A modular memory scheme for array processing (1977)

This paper presents a parallel memory scheme suited for pipelined processing units. The scheme is shown to be modular, relatively low cost and flexible. The scheme allows an arbitrary number of variables in the vector operations. It is shown that data alignment is handled by a simple interconnection scheme and that the interconnection scheme can be implemented in the memory modules. It is shown that the scheme facilitates efficient implementation of the Perfect Shuffle interconnection, hence the implementation of parallel algorithms using that interconnection scheme.
Health and employability of older workers (2005)

Health and employability of older workersMyths and facts about older employees, their physical and mental health and associated disabilities have been mapped in the Netherlands, using varying research methods.Results show a gap between opinions and reality regarding the health and employability of older workers.People perceive all older employees as less healthy than their younger counterparts.In fact, a large majority of older employees enjoy good physical and mental health and work very well up to 65-70 years of age.
The Use of a Periosteal Replacement Membrane for Bone Graft Containment at Allograft-Host Junctions After Tumor Resection and Reconstruction With Bulk Allograft (2003)

Bone grafting is frequently used to assist in reconstruction of bone defects following limb salvage procedures in tumor surgery. These defects can be large and require the use of bulk allograft and/or significant amounts of particulate graft material. This article reports a clinic's preliminary results with a bone graft containment material that serves as an artificial periosteum. This radiographic review evaluates the material's ability to prevent migration of bone graft and ascertain progressive callus formation. Early results have been encouraging.
Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the testis specific histone protein H2B-2 from the sea urchin<i>Lytechinus pictus</i> (1986)

We have cloned and characterized the gene encoding a sperm specific H2B-2 histone subtype from the sea urchin L. pictus. The gene is not clustered with any other histone genes. However, it resembles other histone genes in many respects. The gene contains no intervening sequences or polyadenylation signals. Like other histone genes it contains the conserved 3' hairpin loop sequence and CAAGAAAGA box necessary for the processing of the 3' end of the histone transcript. Upstream of the gene in addition to the TATA box, and two copies of inverted CCAAT Boxes is a conserved sequence element found in many H2B genes. Unlike most histone genes, the H2B-2 gene is expressed in a sex and tissue specific manner only in testis. The sperm H2B-2 subtype encoded by this gene is 142 amino acids in length. The larger size of this H2B protein is accounted for by residues in the N-terminus of the protein consisting of a series of pentapeptide repeats typical of this histone subtype.
Elevated Levels of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/c-erbB2 Heterodimers Mediate an Autocrine Growth Regulatory Pathway in Tamoxifen-Resistant MCF-7 Cells (2003)

The development of acquired resistance to antihormonal agents in breast cancer is a major therapeutic problem. We have developed a tamoxifen-resistant (TAM-R) MCF-7 breast cancer cell line to investigate the mechanisms behind this condition. Both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-erbB2 mRNA and protein expression were increased in TAM-R compared with wild-type MCF-7 cells, whereas comparable levels of c-erbB3 mRNA and protein were expressed in both cell lines. Under basal conditions, phosphorylated EGFR/c-erbB2, EGFR/c-erbB3 but not c-erbB2/c-erbB3 receptor heterodimers were detected in TAM-R cells in association with increased levels of phosphorylated extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Both cell lines were capable of generating a range of EGFR-specific ligands and increased expression of transforming growth factor alpha was observed in TAM-R cells. Treatment of TAM-R cells with ZD1839 (Iressa) or trastuzumab (Herceptin) blocked c-erbB receptor heterodimer formation and phosphorylation, reduced ERK1/2 activity, and strongly inhibited cell growth. The MAPK kinase inhibitor PD098059 specifically reduced phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels and inhibited TAM-R growth. All three agents abolished ERK1/2 activity in wild-type cells but caused only small reductions in cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that TAM-R MCF-7 cell growth is mediated by the autocrine release and action of an EGFR-specific ligand inducing preferential EGFR/c-erbB2 dimerization and downstream activation of the ERK pathway.
Evaluation of LMI1195, a Novel <sup>18</sup> F-Labeled Cardiac Neuronal PET Imaging Agent, in Cells and Animal Models (2011)

LMI1195 is a novel (18)F imaging agent retained in the heart through the NET and allowing evaluation of the cardiac sympathetic neuronal function by PET imaging.
Verification of gate-level arithmetic circuits by function extraction (2015)

The paper presents an algebraic approach to functional verification of gate-level, integer arithmetic circuits. It is based on extracting a unique bit-level polynomial function computed by the circuit directly from its gate-level implementation. The method can be used to verify the arithmetic function computed by the circuit against its known specification, or to extract the arithmetic function implemented by the circuit. Experiments were performed on arithmetic circuits synthesized and mapped onto standard cells using ABC system. The results demonstrate scalability of the method to large arithmetic circuits, such as multipliers, multiply-accumulate, and other elements of arithmetic datapaths with up to 512-bit operands and over 2 Million gates. The procedure has linear runtime and memory complexity, measured by the number of logic gates.
Three-phase four-wire grid-connected PV power supply with accurate MPPT for unbalanced nonlinear load compensation (2009)

This paper presents a three-phase four-wire grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system to play as a power generator and active filter (AF) compensator. This system is flexible enough to efficiently remove current harmonic components and balance the line currents drawn from grid by an unbalanced nonlinear load. Simultaneously power conversion system injects the maximum power available from the PV array to the grid by using a fast and precise control strategy. The controller enjoys both modified PQ0 transformation and Fuzzy Logic Incremental Conductance (FL-IC) method to accomplish the Maximum Power Point operation Tracking (MPPT) of PV array. The control strategy is described and the whole system is built and simulated by PSCAD/EMTDC software with reference to different operation conditions. The results from simulations confirm the theoretical aspects of the proposed PV power supply and effectiveness of the control techniques to compensate non-linear unbalanced loads as well as utilization of the maximum PV power production.