gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prader-Willi Critical Region, a Non-Translated, Imprinted Central Regulator of Bone Mass: Possible Role in Skeletal Abnormalities in Prader-Willi Syndrome (2016)

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), a maternally imprinted disorder and leading cause of obesity, is characterised by insatiable appetite, poor muscle development, cognitive impairment, endocrine disturbance, short stature and osteoporosis. A number of causative loci have been located within the imprinted Prader-Willi Critical Region (PWCR), including a set of small non-translated nucleolar RNA's (snoRNA). Recently, micro-deletions in humans identified the snoRNA Snord116 as a critical contributor to the development of PWS exhibiting many of the classical symptoms of PWS. Here we show that loss of the PWCR which includes Snord116 in mice leads to a reduced bone mass phenotype, similar to that observed in humans. Consistent with reduced stature in PWS, PWCR KO mice showed delayed skeletal development, with shorter femurs and vertebrae, reduced bone size and mass in both sexes. The reduction in bone mass in PWCR KO mice was associated with deficiencies in cortical bone volume and cortical mineral apposition rate, with no change in cancellous bone. Importantly, while the length difference was corrected in aged mice, consistent with continued growth in rodents, reduced cortical bone formation was still evident, indicating continued osteoblastic suppression by loss of PWCR expression in skeletally mature mice. Interestingly, deletion of this region included deletion of the exclusively brain expressed Snord116 cluster and resulted in an upregulation in expression of both NPY and POMC mRNA in the arcuate nucleus. Importantly, the selective deletion of the PWCR only in NPY expressing neurons replicated the bone phenotype of PWCR KO mice. Taken together, PWCR deletion in mice, and specifically in NPY neurons, recapitulates the short stature and low BMD and aspects of the hormonal imbalance of PWS individuals. Moreover, it demonstrates for the first time, that a region encoding non-translated RNAs, expressed solely within the brain, can regulate bone mass in health and disease.
The Total Synthesis of Heliquinomycinone (2001)

Bei der Synthesestrategie für Helichinomycin, einen selektiven Helicase-Inhibitor, kommt es auf die Spirocyclisierung der Vorstufe 3 an. Das Naphthofuran 1 und der Aldehyd 2, beide einfach zugänglich, wurden für die Synthese von 3 eingesetzt. Die Schlüsselschritte bei der Totalsynthese von Helichinomycinon 4 umfassen die regioselektive Dihydroxylierung von 3 und eine neuartige Spirocyclisierung unter Mitsunobu-Bedingungen.
Release of the type I secreted α‐haemolysin via outer membrane vesicles from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

The alpha-haemolysin is an important virulence factor commonly expressed by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. The secretion of the alpha-haemolysin is mediated by the type I secretion system and the toxin reaches the extracellular space without the formation of periplasmic intermediates presumably in a soluble form. Surprisingly, we found that a fraction of this type I secreted protein is located within outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that are released by the bacteria. The alpha-haemolysin appeared very tightly associated with the OMVs as judged by dissociation assays and proteinase susceptibility tests. The alpha-haemolysin in OMVs was cytotoxically active and caused lysis of red blood cells. The OMVs containing the alpha-haemolysin were distinct from the OMVs not containing alpha-haemolysin, showing a lower density. Furthermore, they differed in protein composition and one component of the type I secretion system, the TolC protein, was found in the lower density vesicles. Studies of natural isolates of E. coli demonstrated that the localization of alpha-haemolysin in OMVs is a common feature among haemolytic strains. We propose an alternative pathway for the transport of the type I secreted alpha-haemolysin from the bacteria to the host cells during bacterial infections.
Critical Essays on John Edgar Wideman. Ed. Bonnie TuSmith and Keith E. Byerman. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2006. 312 pages. $32.00 cloth. (2007)

Critical Essays on John Edgar Wideman. Ed. Bonnie TuSmith and Keith E. Byerman. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2006. 312 pages. $32.00 cloth. Get access Critical Essays on John Edgar Wideman. Ed. Bonnie TuSmith and Keith E. Byerman. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2006. 312 pages. $32.00 cloth. Reggie Young Reggie Young University of Louisiana at Lafayette Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MELUS, Volume 32, Issue 2, June 2007, Pages 187–189, https://doi.org/10.1093/melus/32.2.187 Published: 01 June 2007
Factor X and factor II activity levels do not always agree in warfarin-treated lupus anticoagulant patients (2010)

Warfarin therapy is used in lupus anticoagulant patients with thrombosis and yet the prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) in these patients can sometimes be falsely elevated. Both a PT-based factor II (FII) assay and a chromogenic, enzymatic factor X (CFX) assay have been used for monitoring when the INR may be artifactual. This study compared FII and CFX assays in lupus anticoagulant-positive and lupus anticoagulant-negative warfarin-treated patients in a cross-sectional study of samples from 21 lupus anticoagulant-positive and 19 lupus anticoagulant-negative outpatients. Plasma samples were simultaneously measured for FII and CFX and the ratio of FII/CFX was used to measure concordance. Compared with lupus anticoagulant-negative patients 14 of the 21 lupus anticoagulant-positive patients had lower FII/CFX ratios (P < 0.01). Three of the patients had ratios less than 0.6 indicating strong disagreement (P < 0.0001). The patient with the lowest FII/CFX ratio had evidence suggesting a specific antibody to FII. Another patient showed that the discordance between FII and CFX varied over time. The CFX assay in the laboratory was technically superior, more precise, and less costly. The CFX assay is preferred for warfarin therapy monitoring in lupus anticoagulant patients when INR artifacts are suspected.
C3a Receptor Antagonist Attenuates Brain Injury after Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2008)

Neuroprotective therapy targeting the complement cascade may reduce injury associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated the role of C3a-receptor antagonist (C3aRA) after ICH in mice. Autologous whole blood was infused into the right striatum of mice that were treated with C3aRA or vehicle, using both a pre- and postinjury dosing regimen. Hematoma volume, brain water content, and inflammatory cell profile were assessed at 72 h post-ICH. Neurologic dysfunction was assessed by evaluating both spatial memory and sensorimotor capacity. Animals pretreated with C3aRA showed significantly improved neurologic function, brain water content, and granulocyte infiltration relative to vehicle-treated animals when assessed at 72 h. There was no significant difference in hemorrhagic/nonhemorrhagic ratio of microglial activation among all groups. Hematoma volumes were also not significantly different between C3aRA-treated and vehicle-treated animals. Administration of C3aRA beginning 6 h postinjury afforded significant amelioration of neurologic dysfunction as well as a reduction in brain water content. Treatment with C3aRA improved neurologic outcome while reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and brain edema formation after experimental ICH in mice. Results of this study suggest that the C3a receptor may be a promising target for therapeutic intervention in hemorrhagic stroke.
Shell-type micromechanical oscillator (2003)

Shell-type micromechanical resonators operating in radio frequency range were fabricated utilizing mechanical stress that is built into polysilicon thin films. Significant increase of the resonant frequency (in comparison with flat, plate-type resonators of the same size) and the rich variety of vibrating modes demonstrate great potential for "2.5-Dimensional" MEMS structures. A finite curvature of the shell also provides a mechanism for driving resonators by coupling in plane stress with out of plane deflection. By modulating the intensity of a low power laser beam (P~10μWatts) focused on the resonator we introduced a time-variable, in-plane, thermomechanical stress. This stress modulation resulted in experimentally observed, large amplitude, out-of-plane, vibrations for a dome-type resonator. A double laser beam experimental setup was constructed where mechanical motion of a shell-type resonator was actuated by a modulated, sharply focused Ar<sup>+ </sup>ion (blue) laser beam and detected by a red HeNe laser using an interferometric setup. A positive feedback loop was implemented by amplifying the red laser signal (related to the oscillator deflection) and applying it to modulate the blue (driving) laser beam. Stable self-sustained vibrations were observed providing that the feedback gain was high enough. Employing a frequency selective amplifier in the feedback loop allowed excitation of different modes of vibrations. Fine frequency tuning was realized by adjusting the CW component of either lasers' intensity or a phase shift in the feedback loop. Frequency stability better than 1 ppm (10<sup>-6</sup>) at 9 MHz was demonstrated for self-sustained vibrations for certain modes of the dome-shaped oscillators.
How developers search for code: a case study (2015)

With the advent of large code repositories and sophisticated search capabilities, code search is increasingly becoming a key software development activity. In this work we shed some light into how developers search for code through a case study performed at Google, using a combination of survey and log-analysis methodologies. Our study provides insights into what developers are doing and trying to learn when per- forming a search, search scope, query properties, and what a search session under different contexts usually entails. Our results indicate that programmers search for code very frequently, conducting an average of five search sessions with 12 total queries each workday. The search queries are often targeted at a particular code location and programmers are typically looking for code with which they are somewhat familiar. Further, programmers are generally seeking answers to questions about how to use an API, what code does, why something is failing, or where code is located.
Intra- and Inter-nucleosomal Protein-DNA Interactions of the Core Histone Tail Domains in a Model System (2003)

The core histone tail domains are key regulators of eukaryotic chromatin structure and function and alterations in the tail-directed folding of chromatin fibers and higher order structures are the probable outcome of much of the post-translational modifications occurring in these domains. The functions of the tail domains are likely to involve complex intra- and inter-nucleosomal histone-DNA interactions, yet little is known about either the structures or interactions of these domains. Here we introduce a method for examining inter-nucleosome interactions of the tail domains in a model dinucleosome and determine the propensity of each of the four N-terminal tail domains to mediate such interactions in this system. Using a strong nucleosome "positioning" sequence, we reconstituted a nucleosome containing a single histone site specifically modified with a photoinducible cross-linker within the histone tail domain, and a second nucleosome containing a radiolabeled DNA template. These two nucleosomes were then ligated together and cross-linking induced by brief UV irradiation under various solution conditions. After cross-linking, the two templates were again separated so that cross-linking representing inter-nucleosomal histone-DNA interactions could be unambiguously distinguished from intra-nucleosomal cross-links. Our results show that the N-terminal tails of H2A and H2B, but not of H3 and H4, make internucleosomal histone-DNA interactions within the dinucleosome. The relative extent of intra- to inter-nucleosome interactions was not strongly dependent on ionic strength. Additionally, we find that binding of a linker histone to the dinucleosome increased the association of the H3 and H4 tails with the linker DNA region.
Normal ultrasonic evaluation of amniotic fluid in low-risk patients at term. (2002)

Normal ultrasonographic values for AFI and AFD are associated with a very low risk of labor complications.
Flux: a language for programming high-performance servers (2006)

Programming high-performance server applications is challenging. It is both complicated and error-prone to write the concurrent code required to deliver high performance and scalability. Server performance bottlenecks are difficult to identify and correct. Finally, it is difficult to predict server performance prior to deployment. This paper presents Flux, a language that dramatically simplifies the construction of scalable high-performance server applications. Flux lets programmers compose offthe-shelf, sequential C or C++ functions into concurrent servers. Flux programs are type-checked and guaranteed to be deadlock-free. We have built a number of servers in Flux, including a web server with PHP support, an image-rendering server, a BitTorrent peer, and a game server. These Flux servers match or exceed the performance of their counterparts written entirely in C. By tracking hot paths through a running server, Flux simplifies the identification of performance bottlenecks. The Flux compiler also automatically generates discrete event simulators that accurately predict actual server performance under load and with different hardware resources. Flux is both easy to use and unusually compact, allowing entire servers to be specified in tens of lines of code. 1
Dexamethasone-Induced Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Prolong Allo Cardiac Graft Survival through iNOS- and Glucocorticoid Receptor-Dependent Mechanism (2018)

How to induce immune tolerance without long-term need for immunosuppressive drugs has always been a central problem in solid organ transplantation. Modulating immunoregulatory cells represents a potential target to resolve this problem. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are novel key immunoregulatory cells in the context of tumor development or transplantation, and can be generated <i>in vitro</i>. However, none of current systems for <i>in vitro</i> differentiation of MDSCs have successfully achieved long-term immune tolerance. Herein, we combined dexamethasone (Dex), which is a classic immune regulatory drug in the clinic, with common MDSCs inducing cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to generate MDSCs <i>in vitro</i>. Addition of Dex into GM-CSF system specifically increased the number of CD11b<sup>+</sup> Gr-1<sup>int/low</sup> MDSCs with an enhanced immunosuppressive function <i>in vitro</i>. Adoptive transfer of these MDSCs significantly prolonged heart allograft survival and also favored the expansion of regulatory T cells <i>in vivo</i>. Mechanistic studies showed that inducible nitric oxide sythase (iNOS) signaling was required for MDSCs in the control of T-cell response and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling played a critical role in the recruitment of transferred MDSCs into allograft through upregulating CXCR2 expression on MDSCs. Blockade of GR signaling with its specific inhibitor or genetic deletion of iNOS reversed the protective effect of Dex-induced MDSCs on allograft rejection. Together, our results indicated that co-application of Dex and GM-CSF may be a new and important strategy for the induction of potent MDSCs to achieve immune tolerance in organ transplantation.
The effects of baking conditions on acrylamide content in shortcrust cookies with added freeze-dried aqueous rosemary extract (2018)

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of baking air humidity and dough supplementation with freeze-dried aqueous rosemary extract on acrylamide content in shortcrust cookies, as well as on their antioxidant properties and phenolic composition. Shortcrust cookies were baked at 170 °C in dry or humid (90%) air using 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5% of rosemary extract, and were compared to control samples without the extract. Acrylamide concentration in the obtained products ranged from 22.49 to 28.38 µg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, cookies baked in humid air had less acrylamide (by 6% on average) than those baked in dry air, irrespective of extract content. On the other hand, a significant relationship was found between humidity conditions and total phenolic content in the final products. Shortcrust cookies containing 0.5% of rosemary extract and baked in humid air revealed the best antioxidant properties as their total polyphenol content was approx. Three times higher than that in control samples. Furthermore, shortcrust cookies with 0.5% of rosemary extract showed superior DPPH radical scavenging capacity.
Continuous microfluidic synthesis and functionalization of gold nanorods (2015)

A microfluidic platform with multiple reactant additions has been used for the continuous, unseeded synthesis of gold nanorods. This system allows separate control of the seed forming and nanorod growing stages, increasing reproducibility and reducing undesired effects related to a poor control of the seed aging stage. Also, on-stream surface functionalization with poly(ethylene glycol)-methyl ether thiol (SH-PEG) has been performed, allowing a 100-fold reduction in the consumption of this reactant compared to the amounts used in a conventional batch reactor. The system also facilitates tuning the concentration of halide anions (Cl− and Br−) that are used to modify the aspect ratio of the resulting rods.
Two Motifs Target Batten Disease Protein CLN3 to Lysosomes in Transfected Nonneuronal and Neuronal Cells (2003)

Batten disease is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from mutations in CLN3, a polytopic membrane protein, whose predominant intracellular destination in nonneuronal cells is the lysosome. The topology of CLN3 protein, its lysosomal targeting mechanism, and the development of Batten disease are poorly understood. We provide experimental evidence that both the N and C termini and one large loop domain of CLN3 face the cytoplasm. We have identified two lysosomal targeting motifs that mediate the sorting of CLN3 in transfected nonneuronal and neuronal cells: an unconventional motif in the long C-terminal cytosolic tail consisting of a methionine and a glycine separated by nine amino acids [M(X)9G], and a more conventional dileucine motif, located in the large cytosolic loop domain and preceded by an acidic patch. Each motif on its own was sufficient to mediate lysosomal targeting, but optimal efficiency required both. Interestingly, in primary neurons, CLN3 was prominently seen both in lysosomes in the cell body and in endosomes, containing early endosomal antigen-1 along neuronal processes. Because there are few lysosomes in axons and peripheral parts of dendrites, the presence of CLN3 in endosomes of neurons may be functionally important. Endosomal association of the protein was independent of the two lysosomal targeting motifs.
Cursorkeyboard: An input method for small touch screen devices (2012)

This paper presents a design approach for small touch screen's virtual keyboard. Our keyboard aims to reduce keyboard size and prevent errors from mistyping wrong buttons. Our design uses cursor to point out character that users want to input instead of typing directly at the button. We developed a prototype keyboard for Thai language text input. With this keyboard user can input message by both directly pressing buttons and using cursor for input. It can also be adapted to existing keyboard layout so users will not having much difficulty to remember character positions. Our experiment shows that using the proposed method yields better performance than normally pressing buttons in case of small size button.
Benazepril plus Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension in High-Risk Patients (2008)

The benazepril-amlodipine combination was superior to the benazepril-hydrochlorothiazide combination in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension who were at high risk for such events. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00170950.)
A low bit rate codec for AMR standard (2003)

We describe a low bit rate speech codec based on the RCELP paradigm and designed as a candidate for GSM-AMR. The relaxation of the waveform-matching constraint in the RCELP model allows for reducing the bit rate without affecting the speech quality. New efficient quantization methods for the LSF and gain parameters coupled with some algorithmic improvements result in a high quality speech codec at bit rates as low as 4.55 kbit/s. Subjective tests show encouraging results in terms of quality and robustness under various operating conditions.
Human Monkeypox: Clinical Features of 282 Patients (1987)

We present the clinical features and course of 282 patients with human monkeypox in Zaire during 1980-1985. The ages of the patients ranged from one month to 69 years; 90% were less than 15 years of age. The clinical picture was similar to that of the ordinary and modified forms of smallpox. Lymphadenopathy, occurring in the early stage of the illness, was the most important sign differentiating human monkeypox from smallpox and chickenpox. The symptoms, signs, and the course of the disease in patients who had been vaccinated against smallpox differed significantly from those in unvaccinated subjects. Pleomorphism and "cropping" similar to that in chickenpox occurred in 31% of vaccinated and 18% of unvaccinated patients. The prognosis depended largely on the presence of severe complications. No deaths occurred among vaccinated patients. In unvaccinated patients the crude case-fatality rate was 11% but was higher among the youngest children (15%).
Thermolysis of RAFT-Synthesized Polymers. A Convenient Method for Trithiocarbonate Group Elimination (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTThermolysis of RAFT-Synthesized Polymers. A Convenient Method for Trithiocarbonate Group EliminationAlmar Postma, Thomas P. Davis, Graeme Moad, and Michael S. O'SheaView Author Information CSIRO Molecular Science, Bayview Ave, Clayton, 3168, Vic, Australia, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 13, 5371–5374Publication Date (Web):May 28, 2005Publication History Received24 February 2005Revised6 May 2005Published online28 May 2005Published inissue 1 June 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma050402xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma050402xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2768Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds,Organic reactions,Polymers,RAFT polymerization Get e-Alerts