gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Symmetric GroEL:GroES <sub>2</sub> complexes are the protein-folding functional form of the chaperonin nanomachine (2013)

Using calibrated FRET, we show that the simultaneous occupancy of both rings of GroEL by ATP and GroES occurs, leading to the rapid formation of symmetric GroEL:GroES2 "football" particles regardless of the presence or absence of substrate protein (SP). In the absence of SP, these symmetric particles revert to asymmetric GroEL:GroES1 "bullet" particles. The breakage of GroES symmetry requires the stochastic hydrolysis of ATP and the breakage of nucleotide symmetry. These asymmetric particles are both persistent and dynamic; they turnover via the asymmetric cycle. When challenged with SP, however, they revert to symmetric particles within a second. In the presence of SP, the symmetric particles are also persistent and dynamic. They turn over via the symmetric cycle. Under these conditions, the stochastic hydrolysis of ATP and the breakage of nucleotide symmetry also occur within the ensemble of particles. However, on account of SP-catalyzed ADP/ATP exchange, GroES symmetry is rapidly restored. The residence time of both GroES and SP on functional GroEL is reduced to ∼1 s, enabling many more iterations than was previously believed possible, consistent with the iterative annealing mechanism. This result is inconsistent with currently accepted models. Using a foldable SP, we show that as the SP folds to the native state and the population of unfolded SP declines, the population of symmetric particles reverts to asymmetric particles in parallel, a result that is consistent with the former being the folding functional form.
Synthetic Route to the GE3 Cyclodepsipeptide (2002)

[reaction: see text] A reasonably efficient [2 + 2 + 2] fragment condensation strategy has been developed for assembling the cyclodepsipeptide sector of GE3 that involves 5-7. A Carpino HATU-mediated macrolactamization was used to close the 19-membered cyclodepsipeptide ring.
Inner Retinal Oxygen Delivery and Metabolism Under Normoxia and Hypoxia in Rat (2013)

DO2_IR and MO2_IR were maintained during moderate hypoxia, but reduced under severe hypoxia, indicating blood flow compensation became insufficient for the reduced oxygen availability. Future studies may aid our understanding of retinal metabolic function in ischemic conditions.
Adrenal Steroid Receptors: Interactions with Brain Neuropeptide Systems in Relation to Nutrient Intake and Metabolism (1994)

The glucocorticoid, corticosterone (CORT), is believed to have an important function in modulating nutrient ingestion and metabolism. Recent evidence described in this review suggests that the effects of this adrenal hormone are mediated through two steroid receptor subtypes, the type I mineralocorticoid receptor and the type II glucocorticoid receptor. These receptors, which have different affinities for CORT, respond to different levels of circulating hormone. They mediate distinct effects of the steroid, which can be distinguished by the specific nutrient ingested and by the particular period of the circadian cycle. Under normal physiological conditions, the type I receptor is tonically activated, either by low basal levels of circulating CORT (0.5-2 microgram %) normally available across the circadian cycle or possibly by the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. This type I activation is required for the maintenance of fat ingestion and fat deposition that occurs during most meals of the feeding cycle. In contrast, the type II receptor is phasically activated by moderate levels of CORT (2-10 micrograms %) normally reached during the circadian peak. Activation of this receptor is required for the natural surge in carbohydrate ingestion and metabolism that is essential at the onset of the active feeding cycle when the body's glycogen stores are at their nadir, and gluconeogenesis is needed to maintain blood glucose levels. This receptor is also activated during periods of increased energy requirements, such as, after exercise and food restriction, when CORT levels rise further (> 10 micrograms %) and when its catabolic effects on fat and protein stores predominate to provide additional substrates for glucose homeostasis. These functions of CORT on fat and carbohydrate balance are mediated, in part, by type I and type II receptors located within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, which is known to have key functions in controlling nutrient intake and metabolism, as well as circulating CORT levels. Moreover, the type II receptors within this nucleus, in addition to the arcuate nucleus, may interact positively with the peptide, neuropeptide Y, and the catecholamine, norepinephrine, both of which act to enhance natural carbohydrate feeding and CORT release at the onset of the natural feeding cycle. Thus, under normal conditions, endogenous CORT has a primary function in controlling nutrient ingestion and metabolism over the natural circadian cycle, through the coordinated action of the type I and type II steroid receptor systems. Through this action, CORT has impact on total caloric intake and body weight gain over the long term.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Analysis of ATM wavelength routing systems by exploring their similitude with space division switching (2002)

Optics allows us to use wavelength division for switching applications. Several architectures of wavelength routing switching systems have been proposed. In this paper, we develop a performance analysis of these systems by establishing a functional equivalence between spatial switching and wavelength switching. Thus, the methods and results obtained for classical spatial switching systems can be used for wavelength routing systems. In particular, the cell loss probability for an ATM switch is analysed by using a Markovian traffic model for video sources. The results obtained are very useful for the design, optimisation and evaluation of future wavelength switching systems.
The American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine and the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy Joint Committee Recommendations for Education and Training in Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia (2009)

Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) is a growing area of both clinical and research interest. The following document contains the work produced by a joint committee from ASRA and the European Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Therapy. This joint committee was established to recommend to members and institutions the scope of practice, the teaching curriculum, and the options for implementing the medical practice of UGRA.This document specifically defines the following:In both the residency and postgraduate pathways, training, competency, and proficiency requirements include both didactic and experiential components. The Joint Committee recommends that the decision to grant UGRA privileges be based at the individual institution level. Each institution that conducts UGRA is encouraged to support a productive quality improvement process.
The Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG Potentiates the Antiproliferative Activity of c-Met and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Non–small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2009)

EGCG is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation, independent of EGFR inhibition, in several NSCLC cell lines, including those resistant to both EGFR kinase inhibitors and those overexpressing c-Met. Therefore, EGCG might be a useful agent to study as an adjunct to other anticancer agents.
Three-Dimensional Wavelet-Based Compression of Hyperspectral Images (2006)

This chapter proposed a three dimensional set partitioned embedded block coder for hyperspectral image compression. The three dimensional wavelet transform automatically exploits inter-band dependence. Two versions of the algorithm were implemented. The integer filter implementation enables lossy-to-lossless compression, and the floating point filter implementation provides better performance for lossy representation. Wavelet packet structure and bit shifting were applied on the integer filter implementation to make the transform approximately unitary. Rate distortion results of both lossless and lossy compression of hyperspectral imagery have been presented, and all results were compared with other state-of-the-art three dimensional compression algorithms such as 3D-SPIHT and JPEG2000 multi-component. 3D-SPECK is competitive to 3D-SPIHT and better than JPEG2000 in compression efficiency. The plots of original, reconstructed and error spectral profiles shown that the proposed algorithm preserved spectral profiles well. The proposed 3D-SPECK is completely embedded and can be used for progressive transmission. These features make the proposed coder a good candidate to compress (encode) hyperspectral images before transmission and to decompress (decode) them at another end for image storage.
Pharmacokinetic studies of minoxidil (1972)

The disposition of minoxidil, a new direct arterial vasodilator and potent antihypertensive, was studied in 7 hypertensive patients. Following oral administration of 14 C‐labeled minoxidil, there was a rapid removal of the drug with a plasma half‐life of 4.2 hours. The radioactive label was recovered quantitatively in the urine, predominantly in the form of 3 metabolites. The major metabolite in the first 12 hours after giving the drug was a glucuronide conjugate. The other 2 metabolites have not been identified but appeared to be excreted predominantly after the first 12 hours, when minoxidil had been essentially cleared from the circulating blood. These observations suggest a dissociation between the drug in circulating blood and its pharmacologic activity. Since the prolonged hypotensive response to minoxidil cannot be attributed to slow removal, we suggest that it may be exerting a persistent effect on receptor sites.
The Gaussian Derivative model for spatial-temporal vision: II. Cortical data (2001)

Receptive fields of simple cells in the primate visual cortex were well fit in the space and time domains by the Gaussian Derivative (GD) model for spatio-temporal vision. All 23 fields in the data sample could be fit by one equation. varying only a single shape number and nine geometric transformation parameters. A difference-of-offset-Gaussians (DOOG) mechanism for the GD model also fit the data well. Other models tested did not fit the data as well as or as succinctly, or failed to converge on a unique solution, indicating over-parameterization. An efficient computational algorithm was found for the GD model which produced robust estimates of the direction and speed of moving objects in real scenes.
Optimum Design of the Power Dividers with Ferrite Toroids for CATV and/or MATV Systems (1983)

The frequency characteristics for the power dividers with ferrite toroids, which are extensively used in CATV and/or MATV systems, are analyzed. The analytical optimum design method for the weakly-coupled power divider by the simplified model and the numerical optimum design method for the tightly-coupled power divider by the exact model are proposed, and the designed power dividers with ferrite toroids by the proposed methods have much improved frequency characteristics compared with the original power dividers. Thus, the useful bandwiths of all the power dividers have been extended from 5 to 500 MHz. Practical measurements show very good agreements with theoretical results, and, hence, the validity of the analyses and design methods for the power dividers with ferrite toroids are confirmed. Furthermore, the relations between the optimum circuit and ferrite constants have been clarified in reference to L0(i)Kfm.
NEW ANTIBIOTICS PRODUCED BY BACTERIA GROWN ON n-PARAFFIN (MIXTURE OF C12, C13 AND C14 FRACTIONS) (1970)

Pseudomonas fluorescens KY 4032, when grown on n-paraffin (mixture of C12, C13 and C14 fractions) as the sole source of carbon, produced antibacterial substances in the culture medium. Two kinds of new substances named as fluopsins C and F, (C2H4NOS)2Cu and (C2H4NOS)3Fe, were isolated through the extraction of the culture broth with chloroform and the chromatography on silicic acid column. Fluopsin C contains copper atom in the molecule while fluopsin F does iron instead of copper. The biological activities of these compounds were remarkable against most of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. For the production of these antibiotics by this microorganism, n-paraffin was the preferable carbon source. The production of fluopsin C was apparently dependent on the quantity of copper ion added to the culture medium. In the limited concentration of copper ion the major product was replaced by fluopsin F.
An Empirical Bayes Problem with a Markovian Parameter (1971)

Journal Article An empirical Bayes problem with a Markovian parameter Get access P. F. PRESTON P. F. PRESTON University of Melbourne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 58, Issue 3, December 1971, Pages 535–543, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/58.3.535 Published: 01 December 1971
Impossible Minds: My Neurons, My Consciousness (1996)

Impossible Minds: My Neurons, My Consciousness has been written to satisfy the curiosity each and every one of us has about our own consciousness. It takes the view that the neurons in our heads are the source of consciousness and attempts to explain how this happens. Although it talks of neural networks, it explains what they are and what they do in such a way that anyone may understand. While the topic is partly philosophical, the text makes no assumptions of prior knowledge of philosophy; and so contains easy excursions into the important ideas of philosophy that may be missing in the education of a computer scientist. The approach is pragmatic throughout; there are many references to material on experiments that were done in our laboratories. The first edition of the book was written to introduce curious readers to the way that the consciousness we all enjoy might depend on the networks of neurons that make up the brain. In this second edition, it is recognized that these arguments still stand, but that they have been taken much further by an increasing number of researchers. A post-script has now been written for each chapter to inform the reader of these developments and provide an up-to-date bibliography. A new epilogue has been written to summarize the state-of-the art of the search for consciousness in neural automata, for researchers in computation, students of philosophy, and anyone who is fascinated by what is one of the most engaging scientific endeavours of the day. This book also tells a story. A story of a land where people think that they are automata without much in the way of consciousness, a story of cormorants and cliffs by the sea, a story of what it might be like to be a conscious machine..
Automatic placement of authorization hooks in the linux security modules framework (2005)

We present a technique for automatic placement of authorization hooks, and apply it to the Linux security modules (LSM) framework. LSM is a generic framework which allows diverse authorization policies to be enforced by the Linux kernel. It consists of a kernel module which encapsulates an authorization policy, and hooks into the kernel module placed at appropriate locations in the Linux kernel. The kernel enforces the authorization policy using hook calls. In current practice, hooks are placed manually in the kernel. This approach is tedious, and as prior work has shown, is prone to security holes.Our technique uses static analysis of the Linux kernel and the kernel module to automate hook placement. Given a non-hook-placed version of the Linux kernel, and a kernel module that implements an authorization policy, our technique infers the set of operations authorized by each hook, and the set of operations performed by each function in the kernel. It uses this information to infer the set of hooks that must guard each kernel function. We describe the design and implementation of a prototype tool called TAHOE (Tool for Authorization Hook Placement) that uses this technique. We demonstrate the effectiveness of TAHOE by using it with the LSM implementation of security-enhanced Linux (selinux). While our exposition in this paper focuses on hook placement for LSM, our technique can be used to place hooks in other LSM-like architectures as well.
A New Metabolic Link (1997)

Lipoic acid is an essential enzyme cofactor that requires covalent attachment to its cognate proteins to confer biological activity. The major lipoylated proteins are highly conserved enzymes of central metabolism, the pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes. The classical lipoate ligase uses ATP to activate the lipoate carboxyl group followed by attachment of the cofactor to a specific subunit of each dehydrogenase complex, and it was assumed that all lipoate attachment proceeded by this mechanism. However, our previous work indicated that Escherichia coli could form lipoylated proteins in the absence of detectable ATP-dependent ligase activity raising the possibility of a class of enzyme that attaches lipoate to the dehydrogenase complexes by a different mechanism. We now report that E. coli and mitochondria contain lipoate transferases that use lipoyl-acyl carrier protein as the lipoate donor. This finding demonstrates a direct link between fatty acid synthesis and lipoate attachment and also provides the first direct demonstration of a role for the enigmatic acyl carrier proteins of mitochondria.
The Gentle, Hertford: Her Life and Letters (1941)

Other| September 01 1941 The Gentle, Hertford: Her Life and Letters By Helen Sard Hughes. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1940. Pp. xiii + 506. (A Wellesley College Publication.) Samuel W. Stevenson Samuel W. Stevenson Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Modern Language Quarterly (1941) 2 (3): 515–516. https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-2-3-515 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Samuel W. Stevenson; The Gentle, Hertford: Her Life and Letters. Modern Language Quarterly 1 September 1941; 2 (3): 515–516. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-2-3-515 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsModern Language Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1941 by Duke University Press1941 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Reviews You do not currently have access to this content.
Human brain imaging of nicotinic acetylcholine α4β2* receptors using [<sup>18</sup><scp>F</scp>]<scp>N</scp>ifene: Selectivity, functional activity, toxicity, aging effects, gender effects, and extrathalamic pathways (2017)

Nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChR's) have been implicated in several brain disorders, including addiction, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Here we report in vitro selectivity and functional properties, toxicity in rats, in vivo evaluation in humans, and comparison across species of [<sup>18</sup> F]Nifene, a fast acting PET imaging agent for α4β2* nAChRs. Nifene had subnanomolar affinities for hα2β2 (0.34 nM), hα3β2 (0.80 nM) and hα4β2 (0.83 nM) nAChR but weaker (27-219 nM) for hβ4 nAChR subtypes and 169 nM for hα7 nAChR. In functional assays, Nifene (100 μM) exhibited 14% agonist and >50% antagonist characteristics. In 14-day acute toxicity in rats, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) were estimated to exceed 40 μg/kg/day (278 μg/m<sup>2</sup> /day). In human PET studies, [<sup>18</sup> F]Nifene (185 MBq; <0.10 μg) was well tolerated with no adverse effects. Distribution volume ratios (DVR) of [<sup>18</sup> F]Nifene in white matter thalamic radiations were ∼1.6 (anterior) and ∼1.5 (superior longitudinal fasciculus). Habenula known to contain α3β2 nAChR exhibited low levels of [<sup>18</sup> F]Nifene binding while the red nucleus with α2β2 nAChR had DVR ∼1.6-1.7. Females had higher [<sup>18</sup> F]Nifene binding in all brain regions, with thalamus showing >15% than males. No significant aging effect was observed in [<sup>18</sup> F]Nifene binding over 5 decades. In all species (mice, rats, monkeys, and humans) thalamus showed highest [<sup>18</sup> F]Nifene binding with reference region ratios >2 compared to extrathalamic regions. Our findings suggest that [<sup>18</sup> F]Nifene PET may be used to study α4β2* nAChRs in various CNS disorders and for translational research.
Oxytocin Promotes Accurate Fear Discrimination and Adaptive Defensive Behaviors (2020)

The nonapeptide, oxytocin (OT), known for its role in social bonding and attachment formation, has demonstrated anxiolytic properties in animal models and human studies. However, its role in the regulation of fear responses appears more complex, brain site-specific, sex-specific, and dependent on a prior stress history. Studies have shown that OT neurons in the hypothalamus are activated during cued and contextual fear conditioning and during fear recall, highlighting the recruitment of endogenous oxytocin system in fear learning. OT is released into the extended amygdala, which contains the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), both critical for the regulation of fear and anxiety-like behaviors. Behavioral studies report that OT in the CeA reduces contextual fear responses; whereas in the BNST, OT receptor (OTR) neurotransmission facilitates cued fear and reduces fear responses to un-signaled, diffuse threats. These ostensibly contrasting behavioral effects support growing evidence that OT works to promote fear discrimination by reducing contextual fear or fear of diffuse threats, yet strengthening fear responses to imminent and predictable threats. Recent studies from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) support this notion and show that activation of OTR in the BLA facilitates fear discrimination by increasing fear responses to discrete cues. Also, OTR transmission in the CeA has been shown to mediate a switch from passive freezing to active escape behaviors in confrontation with an imminent, yet escapable threat but reduce reactivity to distant threats. Therefore, OT appears to increase the salience of relevant threat-signaling cues yet reduce fear responses to un-signaled, distant, or diffuse threats. Lastly, OTR signaling has been shown to underlie emotional discrimination between conspecifics during time of distress, social transmission of fear, and social buffering of fear. As OT has been shown to enhance salience of both positive and negative social experiences, it can also serve as a warning system against potential threats in social networks. Here, we extend the social salience hypothesis by proposing that OT enhances the salience of relevant environmental cues also in non-social contexts, and as such promotes active defensive behaviors.
Effects of two pre-workout supplements on concentric and eccentric force production during lower body resistance exercise in males and females: a counterbalanced, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2017)

As compared to placebo, caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements failed to improve concentric and eccentric force production. In males, effect size data indicate a possible small benefit of supplementation on concentric force production, although this was not statistically significant. When resistance-trained subjects were unaware of the presence of a placebo, resistance exercise performance was similar regardless of whether a placebo or multi-ingredient supplement was ingested.