gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformational properties and in vitro antibacterial activity of some diarylsulphones. (1978)

The 2-pyridylphenylsulphone, di-2-pyridylsulphone and its p-nitro and p,p'-dinitro derivatives were synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The electric dipole moment of these compounds were also measured (in benzene, 25 degrees) and analyzed in terms of molecular conformation in solution. The derivative compounds bearing a 5-nitro-2-pyridine fragment were found to be the most active in the series examined. Among these the nitro-2-pyridylphenylsulphone was found to have a broad-spectrum effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Results of the conformational study in combination with microbiological data allowed discussion on the possible inferences concerning the stereochemical aspects of the interaction of diarylsulphones with bacterial receptor sites.
Prediction of Myocardial Infarction in Dyslipidemic Men by Elevated Levels of Immunoglobulin Classes A, E, and G, but Not M (1998)

Elevated levels of IgA, IgE, and IgG are associated with myocardial infarction and cardiac death in men with dyslipidemia. The present data suggest that, for dyslipidemia to cause coronary atherothrombosis, an immune response reflected by elevated levels of these immunoglobulin classes is an important determinant.
Invitation to mathematics (1993)

Based on a well-received course designed for philosophy students, this book is an informal introduction to mathematical thinking. The work will be rewarding not only for philosophers concerned with mathematical questions but also for serious amateur mathematicians with an interest in the frontiers as well as the foundations of mathematics. In what might be termed a sampler of the discipline, Konrad Jacobs discusses an unusually wide range of topics, including such items of contemporary interest as knot theory, optimization theory, and dynamical systems. Using Euclidean geometry and algebra to introduce the mathematical mode of thought, the author then turns to recent developments. In the process he offers what he calls a Smithsonian of mathematical showpieces: the five Platonic Solids, the Mbius Strip, the Cantor Discontinuum, the Peano Curve, Reidemeister's Knot Table, the plane ornaments, Alexander's Horned Sphere, and Antoine's Necklace. The treatments of geometry and algebra are followed by a chapter on induction and one on optimization, game theory, and mathematical economics. The chapter on topology includes a discussion of topological spaces and continuous mappings, curves and knots, Euler's polyhedral formula for surfaces, and the fundamental group. The last chapter deals with dynamics and contains material on the Game of Life, circle rotation, Smale's horseshoe, and stability and instability, among other topics.
Magnetic-field-driven destruction of quantum Hall states in a double quantum well (1990)

The magnetotransport of double-quantum-well structures reveals a high-magnetic-field regime in which quantum Hall states at odd-integer \ensuremath{\nu} are missing, where \ensuremath{\nu} is the number of filled energy levels. In these double wells, the \ensuremath{\nu}=odd quantum Hall states originate from the symmetric-antisymmetric energy gap. With increasing barrier thickness between the two wells, initially the magnetic field destroys only the \ensuremath{\nu}=1 state, then both the \ensuremath{\nu}=1 and \ensuremath{\nu}=3 states disappear. We attribute their destruction to the onset of interwell electron density fluctuations.
Floating Fabric Over Georgia Dome (1991)

The 400,000 sq ft free-span roof cover the new $210 million Georgia Dome may look as festive as a circus tent. But next fall, when the 70,500-seat arena becomes the home of the Atlanta Falcons, football fans will appreciate the roof for more practical reasons: It won’t unexpectedly deflate. Poles, rather than mechanically blown air, provide its structural stability. Yet the poles won’t block the spectator’s view, because they are suspended from wires rather than planted in the ground. This unique top is the next major step in the development of fabric structures. When Weidlinger Associates, New York was asked to design the roof for the Georgia Dome, the firm reinterpreted an idea first expounded by Buckminster Fuller in 1954. At that time, Fuller patented a triangle-based roof system he called an aspension (for ascending suspension) or tensegrity dome, describing it as a structure in which islands of compression reside in a sea of tension. This dome consisted of a radial series of discontinuous trusses. The bottom chord, rather than sitting in the same plane as the trusses, existed as a series of hoops to tie the radial trusses together. David Geiger gave life to this idea with his designs for the circular roof at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. But, rather than use the triangulated geometry proposed by Fuller, he based his circular dome design on radial planar trusses. For the design of the Georgia Dome roof, we decided to return to Fuller’s triangular concept.
Removal and inactivation of bacteria during alum treatment of a lake (1984)

Flocculation and removal of bacteria were observed during two separate aluminum sulfate (alum) treatments for removal of phosphorus from a eutrophic recreational lake. In addition, die-off and release of bacteria from alum floc were studied in columns under laboratory conditions. Membrane filtration and spread plates were used to determine concentrations of indicator species and total cultivatable bacteria, respectively. During the alum treatment of the lake, 90% of the fecal coliform (FC) population and ca. 70% of the fecal streptococci population were removed from the water column within 72 h. Numbers of FC in the floc on the lake bottom exceeded 2,400/100 ml at 120 h compared with the pretreatment concentration of 30 FC/100 ml. Inactivation of FC in the floc proceeded at a rate of 200 FC/100 ml per 24 h. In a second alum application to the lake, 95% of the total culturable bacterial population was removed from the water column. In a laboratory column study of survival and release rates, over 90% of an Escherichia coli suspension was concentrated in a floc formed at the bottom. E. coli was not released from the floc. The numbers of and survival of E. coli in the floc suggest the probable concentration of other enteric organisms, including pathogens. Thus, the floc poses a potential human health risk if ingested by swimmers or if others use the lake as a potable water source.
Optimization of Chemical Vapor Deposition Conditions of Amorphous-Silicon Films for Thin-Film Transistor Application (1990)

The optimum condition has been investigated for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of amorphous-silicon (a-Si) films to form high-performance a-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) by a fully plasma-free process. It was found that hydrogen annealings improve the TFT characteristics a great deal and that there is an optimum deposition temperature and gas flow rate. The maximum field-effect mobility of electrons and on/off current-ratio were more than 0.8 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and 10 6 , respectively.
Microbial Models of Mammalian Metabolism: Fungal Metabolism of the Diterpene Sclareol by Cunninghamella Species (1991)

Microbial metabolism of the diterpene sclareol was studied. Screening studies have shown a number of microorganisms capable of metabolizing sclareol. Preparative scale fermentation with Cunninghamella species NRRL 5695 has resulted in the production of two fungal metabolites that have been characterized as 3 beta-hydroxysclareol and 18-hydroxy-sclareol with the use of 2D nmr techniques. The yield of the two metabolites was improved by utilizing resting-cell suspensions of Cunninghamella species NRRL 5695.
Neonicotinoids—from zero to hero in insecticide chemistry (2008)

In recent years, neonicotinoids have been the fastest-growing class of insecticides in modern crop protection, with widespread use against a broad spectrum of sucking and certain chewing pests. As potent agonists, they act selectively on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, their molecular target site. The discovery of neonicotinoids can be considered as a milestone in insecticide research and facilitates greatly the understanding of the functional properties of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Because of the relatively low risk for non-target organisms and environment, the high target specificity of neonicotinoid insecticides and their versatility in application methods, this important class has to be maintained globally for integrated pest management strategies and insect resistance management programmes. This review comprehensively describes particularly the origin, structure and bonding as well as associated properties of neonicotinoid insecticides.
Research on the problems and countermeasures of research achievements transformation in public hospitals and clinical research institutes (2019)

加强公立医院及临床科研院所科技成果转化工作是当前医院科研管理工作面临的重要课题.针对目前大型公立医院及科研院所科技成果转化面临的困境,作者对当前医院科技成果转化的现状进行了分析,并就如何加快和强化医院科技成果转化进行探讨,提出加快院所科技成果转化、提高院所科技成果转化率的对策.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Addition of Carbon–Hydrogen Bonds in Aromatic Ketones to Olefins. The Effect of Various Substituents at the Aromatic Ring (1997)

Abstract To obtain further insight into the new ruthenium-catalyzed reaction of carbon–hydrogen bonds in aromatic ketones with olefins, the effect of various substituents at the aromatic ring is examined. Reaction of o-methylacetophenone with triethoxyvinylsilane (2) in the presence of [Ru(H)2(CO)(PPh3)3] (3)as the catalyst gave the 1 : 1 addition product in quantitative yield. Similarly, the ketone having an o-CF3 group gave the coupling product 9 in 92% yield. However, ortho substituents such as OMe, F, and CN, seem to react with and kill the catalyst so that no efficient reaction was attained. In the cases of the reactions of p-methoxy- and p-fluoroacetophenones with 2, the corresponding 1 : 2 addition products were obtained as the major products. In the cases of m-substituted acetophenones, two different C–H bonds at the ortho positions are available. The C–C bond formation preferentially occurred at the sterically less congested positions. Exceptions are the reactions of m-methoxy- and m-fluoroacetophenones, in which the C–C bond formation took place preferentially at the more congested position. This may be due to the coordination of oxygen or fluorine atom to ruthenium. The factors controlling these selectivities are discussed.
Extending goGPS for Snapshot Positioning (2015)

In order to estimate the coordinates of a GNSS device, navigation satellites transmit a precise reference clock and their orbit parameters. However, if the received signal is very weak or too short, traditional positioning algorithms cannot be applied. A technique known as Coarse Time Navigation or Snapshot Positioning addresses this problem by providing coarse time and ephemeris by means other than satellite transmission. The goGPS library is an open source library in MATLAB and Java for precise positioning by various stand-alone and relative techniques. This paper presents how Coarse Time Navigation can be added to goGPS. Problems that are unique to this technique will be discussed, as well as some solutions.
Shipping Study: The Role of Shipping in the Introduction of Non-indigenous Aquatic Organisms to the Coastal Waters of the United States (Other than the Great Lakes) and an Analysis of Control Options. (1995)

Abstract : This study investigated the extent to which shipping contributes to the introduction of nonindigenous species into U.S. waters; potential options for controlling such introductions; and the issue of whether this problem is of regional or national concern. Data on shipping traffic patterns and ballast water management practices were collected, and estimates were made of the amount and sources of ballast water released in or near U.S. waters. The feasibilities of various options for controlling ballast water-mediated invasions were examined via consultations with experts in various fields and investigation into capabilities of products on the market. Recommendations include potential strategies for managing/reducing the risk of nonindigenous species invasions.
Generic LR fuzzy cells for fuzzy hardware synthesis (1998)

A novel primitive cell structure for high-performance hardware realization of fuzzy computations is proposed in this paper. Such a cell structure is called generic LR fuzzy cell because it is an integral unit that encapsulates an LR fuzzy set and a basic fuzzy operation such as implication or arithmetic operation. Based on the proposed cell structure, we can develop two major kinds of fuzzy cell-LR fuzzy implication cell and LR fuzzy arithmetic cell-for the systematic synthesis of fuzzy application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or general purposed fuzzy processors. The fuzzy systems synthesized with LR fuzzy cells possess the characteristics of decentralized knowledge manipulations and massively parallel inference. The system expandability and reconfigurability are also warrantable. This paper emphasizes on the design and application of fuzzy implication cell. The LR fuzzy implication cell is implemented with analog current mode technology. By this technology, an implication cell has the characteristics including small circuit area, high performance, low-power dissipation, etc. Moreover, the implication cell manipulates continuous data so that the realization of a pure fuzzy system is possible. In this paper, the key circuit characteristics of fuzzy implication cell are evaluated in details and there are two cases-fuzzy knowledge system and fuzzy mean filter-implemented to confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of fuzzy hardware synthesis by the LR fuzzy cells.
A sensorless position estimator for a nonlinear solenoid actuator (2002)

The proportional solenoid is a variable reluctance actuator operating under trajectory or position control mode. Established sensorless position estimation methods for variable reluctance motors do not work on proportional solenoids due to its single phase structure, noncyclic electrical signals, unpredictable load variations and highly nonlinear model. In this paper, a novel method of estimating the position of a solenoid by indirect observation of incremental inductance in the excited coil is described. The method relies on accurate measurement of di/dt values. For this purpose, a novel hardware circuit which measures the di/dt values from PWM current waveform accurately and reliably is developed. The method is implemented on a DSP and the results are found to be satisfactory.
Autonomous robot-mediated imitation learning for children with autism (2014)

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) impact 1 in 88 children in the United States. The cost of ASD intervention is tremendous with huge individual and social consequences. In recent years, robotic systems have been introduced with considerable success for ASD intervention because of their potential to engage children with ASD. In this work, we present a novel closed-loop autonomous robotic system for imitation skill learning for ASD intervention. Children with ASD show powerful impairment in imitation, which has been associated with a host of neurodevelopmental and learning challenges over time. The presented robotic system offers dynamic, adaptive and autonomous interaction for learning of imitation skills with real-time performance evaluation and feedback. The system has been tested in a user study with young children with ASD and typically developing (TD) control sample. Further, the performance of the system was compared with that of a human therapist in the user study. The results demonstrate that the developed robotic system is well-tolerated by the target population, engaged the children with ASD more than a human therapist, and produced performances that were relatively better than that of a human therapist.
Partner selection and incentive mechanism for physical layer security (2015)

We study user cooperation to enhance the physical layer security. Specifically, the source cooperates with friendly intermediate nodes to transmit message securely in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. We propose a cooperative framework, whereby the source selects multiple partners and stimulates them by granting an amount of reward. First, multiple cooperative relays and jammers are selected by the source using greedy or cross-entropy based approaches. Then, the source and the partners negotiate for the payment and transmission power, which is modeled as a two-layer game. At the top layer, a buyer-seller game is utilized, where the source buys the service provided by the partners. At the bottom layer, all the partners share the reward by determining their transmission powers in a distributed way, which is formulated as a non-cooperative power selection game. By analyzing the game, the partners can determine the transmission powers for cooperation, while the source can select the best payment. To further improve the utility of the source, a set of reward allocation coefficients are introduced and optimized using particle swarm optimization approach. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes.
Technology‐assisted and sutureless microvascular anastomoses: Evidence for current techniques (2011)

Of the available forms of assisted microvascular anastomoses, there is level 2b evidence suggesting a positive outcome with the use of the Unilink™/3M™ coupler and the Autosuture™ VCS® clip applicator. Other techniques such as cyanoacrylates, fibrin glues, the Medtronic™ U-Clip®, and laser bonding have low levels of evidence supporting their use. Further research is required to establish any role for these techniques.
Bone morphogenic protein-4 expression in vascular lesions of calciphylaxis (2003)

Calciphylaxis is characterized by an extensive media-calcification of cutaneous and subcutaneous arterioles and capillaries. Recent studies have provided evidence that vascular calcification is a process with similarities to bone metabolism. Bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4) is physiologically involved in bone development and repair. The presence of BMP-4 in atherosclerosis and in sclerotic heart valves led us to suggest that BMP-4 is also involved in calciphylaxis. A 47-year-old male patient developed end-stage renal failure due to chronic glomerulonephritis. He has had two kidney transplants with an immunosuppressive regimen consisting of cyclosporine A and steroids. He was admitted to our hospital because of an increase in serum creatinine (Cr) and he subsequently developed progressive dermal ulcerations. A skin biopsy led to the diagnosis of calciphylaxis. Immunohistochemistry for BMP-4 of a skin specimen from our patient showed strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of intradermal cells with clear spatial association to arterioles and hair follicles. Whereas there are identified inhibitors and promoters of vascular calcification, the presence of BMP-4 has not been demonstrated in calcific uremic arteriolopathy. In contrast to atherosclerosis, BMP-4 in calciphylaxis cannot be found in vascular media, but in intradermal cells at the border of arterioles and hair follicles. Therefore, in calciphylaxis BMP-4 can play the role of a cytokine, a growth factor or a media-calcification promoter.
Development of a laser-driven proton accelerator for cancer therapy (2006)

Recent advances in laser technology have made proton (light ion) acceleration possible using laser-induced plasmas. In this work, we report our work for the last few years on the investigation of a new proton therapy system for radiation oncology, which employs laser-accelerated protons. If successfully developed, the new system will be compact, cost-effective, and capable of delivering energy-and intensity-modulated proton therapy (EIMPT). We have focused our research on three major aspects: (1) target design for laser-proton acceleration, (2) system design for particle/energy selection and beam collimation, and (3) dosimetric studies on the use of laser-accelerated protons for cancer therapy. We have performed particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to investigate optimal target configurations for proton/ion acceleration. We also performed Monte Carlo simulations to study the beam characteristics and the feasibility of using such beams for cancer treatment. Since laser-accelerated protons have broad energy and angular distributions, which are not suitable for radiotherapy applications directly, we have designed a compact particle selection and beam collimating system for EIMPT beam delivery. We also proposed a new gantry design to make the whole system compact to retrofit existing linac vaults. We have compared Monte Carlo calculated dose distributions using X-ray IMRT and laser-proton EIMPT. Our results show that EIMPT using laser protons produces superior target coverage and much reduced critical structure dose and integral dose compared to X-ray IMRT.
Cavitation as a mechanism for the biological effects of ultrasound on plant roots (1979)

The growth rate of roots is reduced by exposure to ultrasound at 10 W/cm2 for 1 min. The reduction is somewhat greater at 1 MHz than at 5 MHz. A hydrostatic pressure of 30 atm reduced, but did not eliminate, the effect of ultrasound on growth. The frequency and pressure dependence taken together with earlier observations support the postulate that a cavitationlike mechanism is at least partly responsible for the action of ultrasound on the growth of these developing plant tissues.
Selective pathogenicity of murine rheumatoid factors of the cryoprecipitable IgG3 subclass (1992)

To analyze the involvement of rheumatoid factors (RF) in the generation of cryoglobulins and the development of related tissue injuries, we have established a panel of anti-IgG2a RF mAbs derived from MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (MRL-lpr), C3H/HeJ-lpr/lpr, and 129/Sv mice. After injection of hybridoma cells to normal mice, all four IgG3 RF mAbs induced cryoglobulinemia, and various degrees of glomerulonephritis and skin leukocytoclastic vasculitis. In contrast, none of the RF mAbs of the other isotypes generated cryoglobulins or tissue lesions. Since the same observation was obtained with another panel of five clonally related anti-IgG2a RF mAbs of MRL-lpr origin with almost identical heavy and light chain variable (V) regions but five different isotypes, it seems unlikely that the absence of pathogenicity of non-IgG3 RF mAbs was due to differences in fine specificity or V framework regions. In addition, the analysis of serum RF in MRL-lpr mice has demonstrated that a majority of 4 month old MRL-lpr mice produced substantial amounts of IgG3 RF with cryoglobulin activity. Because the cryoglobulin activity is associated with the murine IgG3 heavy chain constant region, RF of this subclass may play a significant role in the development of autoimmune-related tissue injuries, especially in MRL-lpr mice.