gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
oli1 Transcripts in wild type and in a cytoplasmic “petite” mutant of yeast. (1983)

Subunit 9 of ATPase is known to be encoded in the oli1 gene of yeast mitochondrial DNA. The oli1 transcripts of wild type and of a cytoplasmic "petite" mutant have been analyzed by hybridization of mitochondrial RNA to various DNA fragments from the internal and flanking regions of the gene and by S1 nuclease mapping of the 5' and 3' ends. The results of such studies indicate that the ATPase gene is co-transcribed with the downstream serine tRNA gene. The oli1 message and tRNA are generated by post-transcriptional processing. Two of the nucleolytic processing steps are blocked in the cytoplasmic petite mutant, resulting in the accumulation of several different intermediate transcripts containing both genes. Processing of the 3' ends occurs near a common seven-nucleotide sequence (5'-ATTCTTA-3') also found in the 3' regions of other mitochondrial genes. This sequence is proposed to be part of a signal necessary for either termination of transcription or RNA processing.
Image Segmentation Using K -means Clustering Algorithm and Subtractive Clustering Algorithm (2015)

Image segmentation is the classification of an image into different groups. Many researches have been done in the area of image segmentation using clustering. There are different methods and one of the most popular methods is k-means clustering algorithm. K -means clustering algorithm is an unsupervised algorithm and it is used to segment the interest area from the background. But before applying K -means algorithm, first partial stretching enhancement is applied to the image to improve the quality of the image. Subtractive clustering method is data clustering method where it generates the centroid based on the potential value of the data points. So subtractive cluster is used to generate the initial centers and these centers are used in k-means algorithm for the segmentation of image. Then finally medial filter is applied to the segmented image to remove any unwanted region from the image.
Adenovirus Vector-Mediated Perforin Expression Driven by a Glucocorticoid-Inducible Promoter Inhibits Tumor Growth <i>In Vivo</i> (1998)

To evaluate the concept that in vivo transfer of perforin complementary DNA (cDNA) will suppress tumor growth, we constructed an adenovirus vector (AdGRE.PFP) carrying perforin cDNA driven by the glucocorticoid response element (GRE) promoter. We infected A549 lung carcinoma cells with this vector in vitro and in vivo, and evaluated cell growth over time. In the presence of dexamethasone, in vitro infection of A549 cells with the AdGRE.PFP vector yielded perforin messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts and effectively suppressed A549 cell growth. In accord with these in vitro observations, administration of dexamethasone following direct injection of AdGRE. PFP into established subcutaneous A549 tumors in nude mice resulted in a marked reduction in tumor growth as compared with AdGRE.PFP infection without dexamethasone or with dexamethasone alone. These observations suggest that regulable, adenovirus-mediated gene expression of perforin cDNA may have potential as a strategy for local control of tumor cell growth.
Characterization of the Secondary Structure and Stability of an RNA Aptamer That Binds Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2006)

Thermal denaturation studies and spectroscopic studies were employed to investigate the secondary structure and stability of an RNA-PEG conjugate commercially called Macugen. The RNA aptamer is conjugated to a pegylated moiety, and the majority of its 2'-hydroxyl groups are methylated or otherwise modified. UV optical melting studies and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out under different conditions to evaluate the effects of Na+ and oligomer concentrations on the stability of the secondary structure of the RNA oligomer. The results of these studies indicated that the T(m) of the RNA is independent of oligomer concentration but dependent on the salt concentration, in a predictable fashion. Further, the DSC melting profiles obtained under all conditions were highly reversible. Circular dichroism (CD) studies were determined under different salt concentrations, various RNA concentrations, and temperatures as well. Together, the thermal denaturation and CD studies provide evidence that the secondary structure of the RNA oligonucleotide is a stable hairpin at 25 degrees C and that the thermally induced hairpin to single strand transition is highly reversible.
Enhanced Conductivity, Adhesion, and Environmental Stability of Printed Graphene Inks with Nitrocellulose (2017)

Recent developments in liquid-phase processing of carbon nanomaterials have established graphene as a promising candidate for printed electronics. Of great importance in the ink formulation is the stabilizer, which has to provide excellent dispersion stability and tunability in the liquid state, and also decompose into chemical moieties that promote high electrical conductivity and robust mechanical and environmental stability. Here we demonstrate the promise of nitrocellulose as a synergistic polymer stabilizer for graphene inks. Graphene processed with nitrocellulose is formulated into inks with viscosities ranging over 4 orders of magnitude for compatibility with a wide range of deposition methods. Following thermal treatment, the graphene/nitrocellulose films offer high electrical conductivity of ∼40 000 S/m, along with mechanical flexibility. Moreover, in contrast to state-of-the-art graphene inks based on ethyl cellulose, the nitrocellulose residue offers superior mechanical and environmental stability as assessed by a suite of stress tests, including the Scotch tape test, a water sonication test, and an 85/85 damp heat test. By exploring the fundamental chemistry underlying these macroscopic benefits, we provide insight into binder selection for functional nanomaterial inks while producing a high-performance graphene ink with strong potential for printed and flexible electronics.
Comparison of Hearing Thresholds in Air and in Water (1958)

Hearing thresholds were measured for two subjects over a frequency range of 250 cps to 4000 cps. These measurements were made both in air and in water. When threshold intensity levels are compared, it is shown that the greatest loss in hearing acuity in water occurred over the frequency range from 500 cps to 2000 cps and amounted to approximately 20 db, while below 300 cps the threshold intensity in water was lower than that in air. Measured intensity levels for an underwater swimmer speaking into a face mask are also presented.
Jasmonate Controls Leaf Growth by Repressing Cell Proliferation and the Onset of Endoreduplication while Maintaining a Potential Stand-By Mode     (2013)

Phytohormones regulate plant growth from cell division to organ development. Jasmonates (JAs) are signaling molecules that have been implicated in stress-induced responses. However, they have also been shown to inhibit plant growth, but the mechanisms are not well understood. The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on leaf growth regulation were investigated in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants altered in JA synthesis and perception, allene oxide synthase and coi1-16B (for coronatine insensitive1), respectively. We show that MeJA inhibits leaf growth through the JA receptor COI1 by reducing both cell number and size. Further investigations using flow cytometry analyses allowed us to evaluate ploidy levels and to monitor cell cycle progression in leaves and cotyledons of Arabidopsis and/or Nicotiana benthamiana at different stages of development. Additionally, a novel global transcription profiling analysis involving continuous treatment with MeJA was carried out to identify the molecular players whose expression is regulated during leaf development by this hormone and COI1. The results of these studies revealed that MeJA delays the switch from the mitotic cell cycle to the endoreduplication cycle, which accompanies cell expansion, in a COI1-dependent manner and inhibits the mitotic cycle itself, arresting cells in G1 phase prior to the S-phase transition. Significantly, we show that MeJA activates critical regulators of endoreduplication and affects the expression of key determinants of DNA replication. Our discoveries also suggest that MeJA may contribute to the maintenance of a cellular "stand-by mode" by keeping the expression of ribosomal genes at an elevated level. Finally, we propose a novel model for MeJA-regulated COI1-dependent leaf growth inhibition.
A practical implementation of a continuous isotropic spherical omnidirectional drive (2010)

This paper presents a continuous isotropic spherical omnidirectional drive mechanism that is efficient in its mechanical simplicity and use of volume. Spherical omnidirectional mechanisms allow isotropic motion, although many are limited from achieving true isotropic motion by practical mechanical design considerations. The mechanism presented in this paper uses a single motor to drive a point on the great circle of the sphere parallel to the ground plane, and does not require a gearbox. Three mechanisms located 120° apart provide a stable drive platform for a mobile robot. Results show the omnidirectional ability of the robot and demonstrate the performance of the spherical mechanism compared to a popular commercial omnidirectional wheel over edges of varying heights and gaps of varying widths.
Isolation of panasenoside from the roots of Panax quinquefolium (2002)

Panasenoside was firstly isolated and identified from the roots of Panax quinquefolium by coloum chromatography packed with macroporous absorbtion resin and sephadex C-25. This compound could be adapted to the discrimination of Panax quinquefolium from panax ginseng.
The dynamics of hepatitis C virus binding to platelets and 2 mononuclear cell lines (2001)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) binds to platelets in chronically infected patients where free HCV constitutes only about 5% of total circulating virus. Free HCV preferentially binds to human mononuclear cell lines but free and complexed virus binds equally to platelets. The extent of free HCV binding to human Molt-4 T cells (which express CD81) and to human promonocytic U937 cells or to platelets (which do not express CD81) was similar. The binding of free HCV to the cell lines was saturated at a virus dose of 1 IU HCV RNA per cell but binding to platelets was not saturable. Human anti-HCV IgG, but not anti-CD81, markedly inhibited HCV binding to target cells in a dose-dependent manner. Human antibodies to HCV hypervariable region 1 of E2 glycoprotein partially inhibited viral binding to target cells. Recombinant E2 also inhibited viral binding to target cells in a dose-dependent manner, with the efficacy of this decreasing in the rank order of Molt-4 cells more than U937 cells more than platelets. In contrast to HCV, recombinant E2 bound to Molt-4 cells to an extent markedly greater than that apparent with U937 cells or platelets. These results suggest that the binding of HCV to blood cells is mediated by multiple cell surface receptors and that recombinant E2 binding may not be representative of the interaction of the intact virus with target cells.
A novel method of determining the permittivity of liquids (2000)

A novel method to measure the permittivity of liquids is used in a microwave gauging system, developed for the detection of liquid levels in tanks. The system is described as a frequency stepped continuous wave (FSCW) radar for precision liquid level detection. Usually a radar system is only employed to find the surface of the liquid. With the microwave measurement system described here, one can detect a second level that may be the tank bottom or an impurity level, for example. To monitor the permittivity of the liquid with the same measurement system, a novel algorithm is derived. Measured uncertainties of /spl plusmn/0.2 mm have been achieved for the multilevel range detection performed in the frequency range from 2 to 3 GHz. From these measured data, the error of the calculated permittivity was about 2%. By using this technique to determine the permittivity of the liquid, it is possible to reduce the complexity of the measurement system.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation suppresses Gd-enhanced MRI activity in MS (2001)

These results demonstrate that the therapeutic sequence CY-BEAM-ASCT has the capacity to completely suppress MR-enhancing activity, an effect that is sustained with time. The final impact of this procedure on disease course remains to be established.
Novel technique to improve optical fibre sensor's response for industrial applications (1995)

A general major disadvantage of optical fibre sensors (OFS) is a non-linear (sigmoidal) response which produces a limited useable linear region. This work presents a novel method of overcoming this problem by the use digital instrumentation and signal processing. Previously we have shown that by appropriate selection of eight wave ordinates from the spectral response of an optical fibre pH sensor as inputs to a trained multilayer artificial neural network, the response range of the sensor can be extended from the normal pH 5.0-7.25 range to the full sensitivity of the sensor, i.e. pH 2.51-9.76 range with a worst error of only 0.08 pH. Application of this method is illustrated. The method is currently adopted to a new, simple and portable instrument based on the use of three LEDs as light sources. In this preliminary study, the sensor just simply measures colour changes of thymol blue indicator in an acid-base pH titration. The application of the neural network to process the colour changes of thymol blue indicator in the acid-base titration is illustrated.
<b>Increased clearance of IgG in mice that lack β<sub>2</sub>‐microglobulin: possible protective role of FcRn</b> (1996)

The mechanisms that regulate immunoglobulin G (IgG) catabolism are little understood. We have previously found unusually low IgG concentrations in sera of mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of the beta 2-microglobulin gene. We therefore investigated whether this might result, at least in part, from increased clearance of IgG from the systemic circulation in mice lacking beta 2-microglobulin. We compared the half-lives of radiolabelled mouse IgG1 injected intravenously into beta 2-microglobulin-/- mice and wild-type or heterozygous siblings. The clearance of 125I-labelled IgG1 was strikingly more rapid in the mice lacking beta 2-microglobulin. beta 2-microglobulin-/- mice lack functional molecules of the MHC class I-related Fc receptor, FcRn. Some mutations in mouse IgG1 that increase its clearance have recently been shown to prevent binding to FcRn in the gut. To determine whether the slower degradation of immunoglobulin in mice with beta 2-microglobulin correlated with the ability of the antibody to bind FcRn, we measured the clearance of chicken IgY, which does not bind this receptor. The 125I-labelled IgY was catabolized equally rapidly in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient and wild-type mice. We compared the half-lives of the four subclasses of mouse IgG in beta 2-microglobulin-/-, +/-, and +/+ mice to determine whether the difference we had noted for IgG1 was peculiar to this subclass. The 125I-labelled IgG of all subclasses, with the possible exception of IgG2b. was degraded more rapidly in the beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice than in heterozygous or wild-type siblings. These data suggest that FcRn can protect IgG from degradation, and is therefore important in maintaining IgG levels in the circulation.
The Kepler Intubation System (2011)

Our goal in this study was to develop a robotic intubation system and to conduct a feasibility pilot study on the use of a robotic intubation system for endotracheal intubations. The Kepler Intubation System was developed, consisting of a remote control center (joystick and intubation cockpit) linked to a standard videolaryngoscope via a robotic arm. Ninety intubations were performed by the Kepler Intubation System on an airway trainer mannequin by a single operator. The first group of 30 intubations was performed with the operator in direct view of the mannequin (direct view group). The second group of 30 intubations was performed with the operator unable to see the mannequin (indirect view group). Thirty semiautomated intubations were also performed during which the robotic system replayed a trace of a previously recorded intubation maneuver (semiautomated group). First-attempt success rates and intubation times for each trial were recorded. Trends were analyzed using linear regression. Data are presented as mean (SD). All intubations were successful at first attempt. The mean intubation times were 46 (18) seconds, 51 (19) seconds, and 41 (1) seconds for the direct view, indirect view, and semiautomated group, respectively. Both the direct and indirect view groups had a negative slope, denoting that each successive trial required less time. The semiautomated group had a slope of 0 and a low SD of 1 second, illustrating the high reproducibility of automated intubations. We concluded that a robotic intubation system has been developed that can allow remote intubations within 40 to 60 seconds.
Lanthanide-Containing Polymer Microspheres by Multiple-Stage Dispersion Polymerization for Highly Multiplexed Bioassays (2010)

We describe the synthesis and characterization of metal-encoded polystyrene microspheres by multiple-stage dispersion polymerization with diameters on the order of 2 μm and a very narrow size distribution. Different lanthanides were loaded into these microspheres through the addition of a mixture of lanthanide salts (LnCl<sub>3</sub>) and excess acrylic acid (AA) or acetoacetylethyl methacrylate (AAEM) dissolved in ethanol to the reaction after about 10% conversion of styrene, that is, well after the particle nucleation stage was complete. Individual microspheres contain ca. 10<sup>6</sup>−10<sup>8</sup> chelated lanthanide ions, of either a single element or a mixture of elements. These microspheres were characterized one-by-one utilizing a novel mass cytometer with an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ionization source and time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry detection. Microspheres containing a range of different metals at different levels of concentration were synthesized to meet the requirements of binary encoding and enumeration encoding protocols. With four different metals at five levels of concentration, we could achieve a variability of 624, and the strategy we report should allow one to obtain much larger variability. To demonstrate the usefulness of element-encoded beads for highly multiplexed immunoassays, we carried out a proof-of-principle model bioassay involving conjugation of mouse IgG to the surface of La and Tm containing particles and its detection by an antimouse IgG bearing a metal-chelating polymer with Pr.
Classification with partial labels (2008)

In this paper, we address the problem of learning when some cases are fully labeled while other cases are only partially labeled, in the form of partial labels. Partial labels are represented as a set of possible labels for each training example, one of which is the correct label. We introduce a discriminative learning approach that incorporates partial label information into the conventional margin-based learning framework. The partial label learning problem is formulated as a convex quadratic optimization minimizing the L2-norm regularized empirical risk using hinge loss. We also present an efficient algorithm for classification in the presence of partial labels. Experiments with different data sets show that partial label information improves the performance of classification when there is traditional fully-labeled data, and also yields reasonable performance in the absence of any fully labeled data.
pH-Triggered Echogenicity and Contents Release from Liposomes (2014)

Liposomes are representative lipid nanoparticles widely used for delivering anticancer drugs, DNA fragments, or siRNA to cancer cells. Upon targeting, various internal and external triggers have been used to increase the rate for contents release from the liposomes. Among the internal triggers, decreased pH within the cellular lysosomes has been successfully used to enhance the rate for releasing contents. However, imparting pH sensitivity to liposomes requires the synthesis of specialized lipids with structures that are substantially modified at a reduced pH. Herein, we report an alternative strategy to render liposomes pH sensitive by encapsulating a precursor which generates gas bubbles in situ in response to acidic pH. The disturbance created by the escaping gas bubbles leads to the rapid release of the encapsulated contents from the liposomes. Atomic force microscopic studies indicate that the liposomal structure is destroyed at a reduced pH. The gas bubbles also render the liposomes echogenic, allowing ultrasound imaging. To demonstrate the applicability of this strategy, we have successfully targeted doxorubicin-encapsulated liposomes to the pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells that overexpress the folate receptor on the surface. In response to the decreased pH in the lysosomes, the encapsulated anticancer drug is efficiently released. Contents released from these liposomes are further enhanced by the application of continuous wave ultrasound (1 MHz), resulting in substantially reduced viability for the pancreatic cancer cells (14%).
Valproic Acid related metabolic syndrome in patients with epilepsy. (2011)

Valproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug for the long-term treatment. It is established that VPA has number of side effects affecting metabolic and endocrine system, like weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, changes in sex hormones, dyslipidemia, hyperleptinemia and etc. But the data are not sufficient to judge if VPA treatment can induce metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to investigate metabolic syndrome frequency in VPA-treated (n=11) and CBZ-treated (n=13) patients with epilepsy and in drug-free healthy subjects (n=11). We diagnosed metabolic syndrome according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (ATP III). We took blood samples for analysing triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and fasting glucose. Waist circumference and blood pressure was measured as well. Our data revealed that metabolic syndrome is relatively frequent in VPA-treated patients group (45,5%) compared with CBZ group and controls (15.4% and 27.3% respectively) (p<0,5). BMI did not differ between study groups. According to our preliminary data VPA monotherapy increases the risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with epilepsy, but BMI did not differ between VPA monotherapy study group, CBZ monotherapy study group and controls.