gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assembling Magnetic Nanowires into Networks: A Layered Co<sup>II</sup>Carboxylate Coordination Polymer Exhibiting Single‐Chain‐Magnet Behavior (2006)

Parallel chains of CoII dimers are interlinked by trans-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate ligands in a laminated coordination polymer (see picture; C gray, Co tourquise, O red), which exhibits single-chain-magnet behavior due to strong Ising-like intrachain ferromagnetic interaction that can not easily be reversed by the relatively weak interchain antiferromagnetic interaction. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z601349_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphoric Acid Doped Poly(benzimidazole-co-benzoxazole) Membranes for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Accessibility and Evolutionary Conservation Mark Bacterial Small-RNA Target-Binding Regions (2011)

Bacterial small noncoding RNAs have attracted much interest in recent years as posttranscriptional regulators of genes involved in diverse pathways. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are 50 to 400 nucleotides long and exert their regulatory function by directly base pairing with mRNA targets to alter their stability and/or affect their translation. This base pairing is achieved through a region of about 10 to 25 nucleotides, which may be located at various positions along different sRNAs. By compiling a data set of experimentally determined target-binding regions of sRNAs and systematically analyzing their properties, we reveal that they are both more evolutionarily conserved and more accessible than random regions. We demonstrate the use of these properties for computational identification of sRNA target-binding regions with high specificity and sensitivity. Our results show that these predicted regions are likely to base pair with known targets of an sRNA, suggesting that pointing out these regions in a specific sRNA can help in searching for its targets.
Use of Human Papillomavirus Type 6 Capsids to Detect Antibodies in People with Genital Warts (1995)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6 capsids were produced by recombinant vaccinia viruses and used in a capture ELISA to screen 901 human sera from three studies of genital HPVs. The highest seroprevalence was observed among subjects with recurrent genital warts. In a population-based case-control study of genital warts, 26 (58%) of 45 women with recurrent genital warts were seropositive compared with 19 (19%) of 101 control women with no history of genital warts (odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.0, 14.1). Among a cohort of pregnant women, 7 (88%) of 8 with recurrent warts were seropositive compared with 24 (30%) of 79 pregnant women with no such history. A significant association between seropositivity to HPV-6 capsids and the detection of HPV-6/11 DNA from genital specimens by polymerase chain reaction was also observed. Men with genital warts were less likely to be seropositive than were women with genital warts, and a positive association between the number of sex partners and seropositivity was observed among only the female university students.
Interactive and Exact Collision Detection for Large-Scaled Environments (1994)

: We present algorithms for exact collision detection in interactive environments. Such environments are characterized by the number of objects undergoing motion and the complexity of the models. We do not assume that the motions of the objects are expressible as closed-form functions of time, nor do we assume any limitations on their velocities. The algorithms use a two-level hierarchical representation for each model to selectively compute the precise contact between objects, achieving real-time performance without compromising accuracy. In large environments with n moving objects, they use the temporal and geometric coherence that exists between successive frames to overcome the bottleneck of O(n 2 ) pairwise comparisons. The algorithms have been successfully demonstrated in architectural walkthrough and simulated environments. In particular, the algorithm takes less than 1=20 of a second to determine all the collisions and contacts in environment consisting of more than 1000 movi...
Improved synthesis of 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 2,4-bis(resorcinyl)-substituted UV light absorbing derivatives (2008)

Pure 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine was synthesised by a method that did not involve the troublesome Grignard reaction of 4-bromo-anisole. A series of bis(resorcinyl) triazine derivatives which can be used as UV light absorbers were subsequently prepared by utilising 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine as the starting material via alkylation or acid-catalysed addition reactions.
Polymeric Ionic Liquids: Comparison of Polycations and Polyanions (2011)

The achievement of high ionic conductivity in new “polymeric ionic liquids” (PILs) is of great interest as it refers to the solid state electrolytes and their applications in electrochemistry. Four ionic monomers, including two new ones, namely N-[(2-methacryloyloxy)-propyl]-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (M1), 1-[2-(methacryloyloxy)propyl]-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (M2), N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium(3-sulfopropyl) methacrylate (M3), and 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium(3-sulfopropyl) methacrylate (M4), were prepared and used both for the synthesis of linear PILs and ionic networks with poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDM). The optimal polymerization conditions for obtaining high molar mass PILs (MsD up to 1.24 × 106 g/mol) were identified. The copolymerization of oppositely charged monomers was studied as well. Polycations, polyanions, and their random ionic copolymers were compared in terms of their physical properties. The examined properties were found to depend mainly on the nature of the counterion. It became obvious that the bulk ionic conductivity of hydrophilic polyanions is greatly affected by the humidity. It increases up to 220 times upon transferring from dry air to 20% relative humidity. Ionic conductivity increased in random ionic copolymers synthesized from oppositely charged monomers feasibly, suggesting that the ion transport was improved by the partial formation of mobile ionic liquid within the polymer.
Men Who Have Sex With Men and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Sexually Transmitted Disease Control in China (2006)

Chinese MSM are at risk for HIV/STD infection and potential transmission of HIV to the general population. In addition to sexual risk reduction among MSM, reduction of homosexuality- related stigma should be part of effective intervention efforts. Volunteers from the MSM community and health care workers in primary health care system may serve as valuable resources for HIV/STD prevention and control among MSM.
Cell stress modulates the function of splicing regulatory protein RBM4 in translation control (2007)

RNA-binding motif protein 4 (RBM4) plays a regulatory role in alternative splicing of precursor mRNA. We show here that cell stress such as arsenite exposure induces phosphorylation of RBM4 at serine 309 and also drives its cytoplasmic accumulation and targeting to stress granule via the MKK(3/6)-p38 signaling pathway. Accordingly, RBM4 suppresses cap-dependent translation in a cis-element-dependent manner. However, RBM4 concomitantly activates internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation likely by promoting the association of translation initiation factor eIF4A with IRES-containing mRNAs. Overexpression of RBM4 therefore mimics the effect of cell stress-induced signaling on translation initiation control. Whereas arsenite treatment promotes RBM4 loading onto IRES mRNAs and enhances RBM4-eIF4A interactions, a nonphosphorylatable mutant of RBM4 was unresponsive to arsenite stress and failed to activate IRES-mediated translation. Thus, our results uncover a previously unrecognized paradigm for the RNA-binding protein RBM4 in its phosphorylation-modulated dual action as a suppressor of cap-dependent and enhancer of IRES-mediated translation in response to stress signals.
Effect of membranes on oxygen transfer rate and consumption within a newly developed three‐compartment bioartificial liver device: Advanced experimental and theoretical studies (2013)

A mathematical model is developed to predict oxygen transfer in the fiber-in-fiber (FIF) bioartificial liver device. The model parameters are taken from the constructed and tested FIF modules. We extended the Krogh cylinder model by including one more zone for oxygen transfer. Cellular oxygen uptake was based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The effect of varying a number of important model parameters is investigated, including (1) oxygen partial pressure at the inlet, (2) the hydraulic permeability of compartment B (cell region), (3) the hydraulic permeability of the inner membrane, and (4) the oxygen diffusivity of the outer membrane. The mathematical model is validated by comparing its output against the experimentally acquired values of an oxygen transfer rate and the hydrostatic pressure drop. Three governing simultaneous linear differential equations are derived to predict and validate the experimental measurements, e.g., the flow rate and the hydrostatic pressure drop. The model output simulated the experimental measurements to a high degree of accuracy. The model predictions show that the cells in the annulus can be oxygenated well even at high cell density or at a low level of gas phase PG if the value of the oxygen diffusion coefficient Dm is 16 × 10(-5) . The mathematical model also shows that the performance of the FIF improves by increasing the permeability of polypropylene membrane (inner fiber). Moreover, the model predicted that 60% of plasma has access to the cells in the annulus within the first 10% of the FIF bioreactor axial length for a specific polypropylene membrane permeability and can reach 95% within the first 30% of its axial length.
Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope for imaging the in-plane magnetization (2003)

We present a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope (Sp–STM) for imaging the magnetic in-plane component of magnetic surfaces. Magnetic in-plane sensitivity is obtained by using a ferromagnetic ring as a Sp–STM tip. By periodically switching the magnetization of the ring, the spin-dependent tunneling current between the ring and a spin-polarized sample is measured. The topography and the spin polarization can be imaged at the same time. We resolved the 180° domain wall of Fe whiskers and antiferromagnetic coupled Mn layers on Fe(001).
One‐Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Ceria‐Zirconia Mixed Oxides: The Beneficial Effect of Sodium Inclusion on Redox Properties (2007)

Doping of low levels of sodium onto the cation sites of ceria-zirconia mixed oxides allows reduction of the materials to take place at lower temperatures than undoped materials, a desirable property for practical applications in supports for redox catalysis. Synthesis is achieved in a single step under mild hydrothermal conditions directly from aqueous mixtures of metals salts at high pH. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c2474_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Recognition of stance strength and polarity in spontaneous speech (2014)

From activities as simple as scheduling a meeting to those as complex as balancing a national budget, people take stances in negotiations and decision making. While the related areas of subjectivity and sentiment analysis have received significant attention, work has focused almost exclusively on text, and much stance-taking activity is carried out verbally. This paper investigates automatic recognition of stance-taking in spontaneous speech. It first presents a new annotated corpus of spontaneous, conversational speech designed to elicit high densities of stance-taking at different strengths. Speaker spurts are annotated both for strength of stance-taking behavior and polarity of stance. Based on this annotated corpus, we develop classifiers for automatic recognition of stance-taking behavior in speech. We employ a range of lexical, speaking style, and prosodic features in a boosting framework. The classifiers achieve strong accuracies on both binary detection of stance and four-way recognition of stance strength, well above most common class assignment. Finally, we classify the polarity of stance-taking spurts, obtaining accuracies around 80%. The best classifiers rely primarily on word unigram features, with speaking style and prosodic features yielding lower accuracies but still well above common class assignment.
REVIEW: The alcohol‐preferring P rat and animal models of excessive alcohol drinking (2006)

The alcohol-preferring, P, rat was developed by selective breeding to study ethanol drinking behavior and its consequences. Characterization of this line indicates the P rat meets all of the criteria put forth for a valid animal model of alcoholism, and displays, relative to their alcohol-non-preferring, NP, counterparts, a number of phenotypic traits associated with alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Behaviorally, compared with NP rats, P rats are less sensitive to the sedative and aversive effects of ethanol and more sensitive to the stimulatory effects of ethanol. Neurochemically, research with the P line indicates the endogenous dopaminergic, serotonergic, GABAergic, opiodergic, and peptidergic systems may be involved in a predisposition for alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Paralleling the clinical literature, genetically selected P rats display levels of ethanol intake during adolescence comparable to that seen during adulthood. Binge drinking has been associated with an increased risk for health and other problems associated with ethanol abuse. A model of binge-like drinking during the dark cycle indicates that P rats will consume 6 g/kg/day of ethanol in as little as three 1-hour access periods/day, which approximates the 24-hour intake of P rats with free-choice access to a single concentration of ethanol. The alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) is a transient increase in ethanol intake above baseline values upon re-exposure to ethanol access after an extended period of deprivation. The ADE has been proposed to be an animal model of relapse behavior, with the adult P rat displaying a robust ADE after prolonged abstinence. Overall, these findings indicate that the P rat can be effectively used in models assessing alcohol-preference, a genetic predisposition for alcohol abuse and/or alcoholism, and excessive drinking using protocols of binge-like or relapse-like drinking.
THE UREA DEARRANGEMENT (1922)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE UREA DEARRANGEMENTTenney L. Davis and H. W. Underwood Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1922, 44, 11, 2595–2604Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1922Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1922https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01432a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01432a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views425Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inadequacy of computable loop invariants (2001)

Hoare logic is a widely recommended verification tool. There is, however, a problem of finding easily checkable loop invariants; it is known that decidable assertions do not suffice to verify while programs, even when the pre- and postconditions are decidable. We show here a stronger result: decidable invariants do not suffice to verify single-loop programs. We also show that this problem arises even in extremely simple contexts. Let N be the structure consisting of the set of natural numbers together with the functions S(x) = x +1, D(x) =2 (x) =*** x /2***. There is a single-loop program *** using only three variables x,y,z such that the asserted program x = y = z =0 *** false is partially correct on N but any loop invariant I(x,y,z) for this asserted program is undecidable.
Improving Condenser Efficiency With Innovative Scale Removal System Technology (2004)

Identified as one of the single largest energy loss factors in power generation stations, condensers are a potential source of either savings or increased expenditure, especially as fuel prices increase. The performance of the condensers can be adversely affected by the build-up of sediment, scale, corrosion or biological growth inside the tubes. Conventional maintenance procedures to clean fouled tubes range from chemicals to off-line mechanical cleaners and brushes, to on-line systems and hydro-blasters. Sometimes, it takes an unconventional, innovative development in a cleaning system technology to combat ever-changing environmental challenges. Omaha Public Power District’s North Omaha Station had been drawing water from the Missouri River for many years with no discernable problems. Recently, they had experienced a steady rise in summertime backpressures, in the range of 3 to 3.5 in. HgAbs, resulting in poor condenser performance. Inspections revealed a build-up of calcium carbonate scale in the tubes. The station has five condenser units with a total of approximately 50,000 stainless steel condenser tubes, all displaying evidence of calcium carbonate build-up. A recently developed and patented mechanical system for the removal of calcium carbonate scale without any of the negative drawbacks of chemical alternatives was utilized at the station with excellent results, proven by subsequent observations. On completion of the process, back pressure dropped to around 2.0 in. HgAbs and overall performance improved markedly. While plant personnel strive to determine the cause of calcium carbonate buildup in the condenser, removing it from the station’s tubes is now a simple procedure and no longer a problem in search of a solution.
Pine Oil Cleaner-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> : Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin and Oxacillin and Involvement of SigB (2002)

Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus strain COL resistant to a household pine oil cleaner (POC) were isolated on laboratory media containing POC. S. aureus mutants expressing the POC resistance (POC(r)) phenotype also demonstrate reduced susceptibility to the cell wall-active antibiotics vancomycin and oxacillin. The POC(r) phenotype is reliant on the S. aureus alternative transcription factor SigB, since inactivation of sigB abolished expression of elevated POC resistance and the reductions in vancomycin and oxacillin susceptibilities. The isolation of suppressor mutants of COLsigB::kan, which maintain the sigB::kan allele, indicates that the POC(r) phenotype can also be expressed to a lesser degree via a sigB-independent mechanism. These results bolster a growing body of reports suggesting that common disinfectants can select for bacteria with reduced susceptibilities to antibiotics. A series of in vitro-selected glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (GISA) isolates also expressed reductions in POC susceptibility compared to parent strains. Viewed collectively, our evidence suggests that mutations leading to the POC(r) phenotype may also be involved with the mechanism that leads to the GISA phenotype.
Identification of multiple quantitative trait loci linked to prion disease incubation period in mice (2001)

Polymorphisms in the prion protein gene are known to affect prion disease incubation times and susceptibility in humans and mice. However, studies with inbred lines of mice show that large differences in incubation times occur even with the same amino acid sequence of the prion protein, suggesting that other genes may contribute to the observed variation. To identify these loci we analyzed 1,009 animals from an F2 intercross between two strains of mice, CAST/Ei and NZW/OlaHSd, with significantly different incubation periods when challenged with RML scrapie prions. Interval mapping identified three highly significantly linked regions on chromosomes 2, 11, and 12; composite interval mapping suggests that each of these regions includes multiple linked quantitative trait loci. Suggestive evidence for linkage was obtained on chromosomes 6 and 7. The sequence conservation between the mouse and human genome suggests that identification of mouse prion susceptibility alleles may have direct relevance to understanding human susceptibility to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infection, as well as identifying key factors in the molecular pathways of prion pathogenesis. However, the demonstration of other major genetic effects on incubation period suggests the need for extreme caution in interpreting estimates of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease epidemic size utilizing existing epidemiological models.
<i>N</i>‐Alkylation of imides using phase transfer catalysts under solvent‐free conditions (2008)

Abstract magnified image N ‐Alkylation of imides in the reaction of imides and alkylhalides, catalyzed by PT catalysts under solvent‐free conditions, has been developed. The reaction occurs in the presence of K 2 CO 3 , and in many cases it takes place spontaneously. In the N ‐benzylation reaction, it has been recognized that TBAB (tetrabutylammonium bromide) and TBATFB (tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate) show highest catalytic effect. Versatility and synthetic capacity of the solvent‐free alkylation has been confirmed by N ‐benzylation and N ‐ethylation of various imides. The developed procedure gives easy access to N ‐(ω‐bromoalkyl)imides.