gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DETECTING NONHEMOLYTIC PASTEURELLA HAEMOLYTICA INFECTIONS IN HEALTHY ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS CANADENSIS): INFLUENCES OF SAMPLE SITE AND HANDLING (1991)

Effects of sampling procedures on ability to culture Pasteurella spp. from Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) were examined experimentally. Sample site influenced (P < 0.0001) recovery of P. haemolytica in adult bighorn sheep. We isolated nonhemolytic P. haemolytica from 18 of 19 tonsillar swabs and 18 of 19 tonsillar biopsies from adult sheep, yet only four of 19 nasal swabs yielded isolates. Sample handling also affected (P < 0.0001) recovery of P. haemolytica. Nonhemolytic P. haemolytica was cultured from 14 of 19 tonsillar swabs plated directly onto blood agar, but from only two of 19 swabs stored for 24 hr in modified Amies with charcoal; we failed to recover P. haemolytica from any of 19 swabs stored for 24 hr in modified Stuart's medium. We detected nonhemolytic P. haemolytica at least once in bronchial aspirates from four and in nasal swabs from three of six bighorn lambs. Based on direct cultures of tonsillar swabs and/or biopsies, all 26 bighorn sheep (seven lambs, 19 adults) sampled were infected with nonhemolytic P. haemolytica; only two lambs developed pneumonia during the study period. Thirty-four of 37 nonhemolytic P. haemolytica isolates tested were biotype T; three were biotype A. Serotypes 3; 4; 3, 4 and 3, 4, 10 were identified in a subsample of 17 isolates. Our data suggest tonsillar swabs or biopsies plated directly onto blood agar and incubated immediately offer the greatest probability of recovering nonhemolytic P. haemolytica from healthy bighorn sheep.
A Theory of Political Choice Behavior (1988)

Section A: Introduction The Need to Understand Political Choice Behavior Research Traditions in Voter Behavior Section B: A Theory of Political Choice Behavior Description of the Theory Basis of Choice Section C: Theory Testing Measurement of the Theory Four Tests of the Theory Section D: Strategies and Trends Strategic Implications of the Theory Future Trends Appendixes
A polymorphism of EGFR extracellular domain is associated with progression free-survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving cetuximab-based treatment (2008)

This preliminary study suggests that: an increase in EGFR copy number may be associated with cetuximab response but is a rare event in CRC, KRAS mutations are associated with low response rate but do not preclude any cetuximab-based combination efficacy and EGFR exon 13 variant (R521K) may predict for cetuximab benefit.
An Influenza A/H1N1/2009 Hemagglutinin Vaccine Produced in Escherichia coli (2010)

Projections based on our production/purification data indicate that this strategy could yield up to half a billion doses of vaccine per month in a medium-scale pharmaceutical production facility equipped for bacterial culture. Also, our findings demonstrate that glycosylation is not a mandatory requirement for influenza vaccine efficacy.
Computational design of hand-held VR controllers using haptic shape illusion (2017)

Humans are capable of haptically perceiving the shape of an object by simply wielding it, even without seeing it. On the other hand, typical hand-held controllers for virtual reality (VR) applications are pre-designed for general applications, and thus not capable of providing appropriate haptic shape perception when wielding specific virtual objects. Contradiction between haptic and visual shape perception causes a lack of immersion and leads to inappropriate object handling in VR. To solve this problem, we propose a novel method for designing hand-held VR controllers which illusorily represent haptic equivalent of visual shape in VR. In ecological psychology, it has been suggested that the perceived shape can be modeled using the limited mass properties of wielded objects. Based on this suggestion, we built a shape perception model using a data-driven approach; we aggregated data of perceived shapes against various hand-held VR controllers with different mass properties, and derived the model using regression techniques. We implemented a design system which enables automatic design of hand-held VR controllers whose actual shapes are smaller than target shapes while maintaining their haptic shape perception. We verified that controllers designed with our system can present aimed shape perception irrespective of their actual shapes.
A Component-Based UML Profile to Model Embedded Real-Time Systems Designed by the MDA Approach (2006)

A component-based UML profile is built to develop embedded real-time systems. To specify the specific characteristics of embedded systems, the model driven architecture (MDA) approach and component-based modeling are employed. Component-based UML models are designed as Platform Independent Models (PIM) to be translated to platform specific models (PSM) for target-platform implementation, which deal with functional and non-functional properties. Taking specific platform features into regard, specific component models result from transformations mapping a platform-independent component model to either the process and experiment automation real-time language (PEARL) or to function blocks according to IEC 61131-3 or IEC 61499. Both PIM and PSM are collected in a UML profile which can be used as an application framework in developing embedded real-time systems.
A Multiphase DLL Based on a Mixed VCO/VCDL for Input Phase Noise Suppression and Duty-Cycle Correction of Multiple Frequencies (2010)

This paper proposed the dual-loops multiphase DLL based mixed VCO/VCDL for a high frequency phase noise suppression of the input clock and the multiple frequencies generation with a precise duty cycle. In the proposed architecture, the dual-loops DLL uses the dual input differential buffer based nMOS source-coupled pairs at the input stage of the mixed VCO/VCDL. This can easily convert the input and output phase transfer of the conventional DLL with bypass pass filter characteristic to the input and output phase transfer of PLL with low pass filter characteristic for the high frequency input phase noise suppression. Also, the proposed DLL can correct the duty-cycle error of multiple frequencies by using only the duty-cycle correction circuits and the phase tracking loop without additional correction controlled loop. At the simulation result with CMOS technology, the output phase noise of the proposed DLL is improved under -13dB for 1GHz input clock with 800MHz input phase noise. Also, at 1GHz operating frequency with 40%~60% duty-cycle error, the duty-cycle error of the multiple frequencies is corrected under at 2GHz the input clock.
RAT BRAIN STEM TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE: MECHANISM OF ACTIVATION BY CALCIUM (1977)

Abstract— The activity of soluble tryptophan hydroxylase from rat brain stem was increased in presence of mm concentrations of calcium. Similarly to that observed by treating the enzyme with sodium dodecyl sulphate or trypsin, this activation resulted mainly from an increased affinity of tryptophan hydroxylase for both its substrate, tryptophan, and the cofactor 2‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydropteridine (6‐MPH 4 ). In addition, the optimal pH for the enzymic activity was shifted from 7.6 to 7.9 following activation by calcium, sodium dodecyl sulphate or trypsin. Under the assay conditions used for measuring tryptophan hydroxylase activity, calcium also stimulated a neutral proteinase. This latter enzyme could be eliminated from the solution of tryptophan hydroxylase by filtration through Sephadex G 200. The resulting partially purified tryptophan hydroxylase could be activated by calcium only when the neutral proteinase was included in the assay mixture. In support of this conclusion, the effect of calcium on tryptophan hydroxylase was very small in the new born rat when the activity of the neutral proteinase was low. In addition, the activating effect of Ca 2+ could be antagonized not only by a chelating agent like EGTA but also (partially) by specific inhibitors of proteinases such as benzethonium and PMSF. These results strongly suggest that the activation of tryptophan hydroxylase by calcium is the consequence of a partial proteolysis of the enzyme by the calcium‐dependent neutral proteinase. Therefore, the physiological significance of this irreversible effect is doubtful.
Fuzzy inference system to assist the operator in reactive power control in distribution systems (1998)

The paper proposes a fuzzy inference system to assist the operator for voltage control and power loss minimisation. The reactive power control problem is decoupled from the voltage regulator problem. A fuzzy expert system provides rules for both the problems. The fuzzy inference system acts as the front-end to determine the control variables for the two decoupled problems. An existing 30-bus distribution system is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the above approach. Simplicity of approach and speed make it a viable option for online Var control.
Spiro-2,2′-bichroman-based bisoxazoline (SPANbox) ligands for ZnII-catalyzed enantioselective hydroxylation of β-keto esters and 1,3-diester (2011)

A new type of spiro bisoxazoline ligand (SPANbox) has been developed on the basis of the spiro-2,2′-bichroman motif and bisoxazoline chelating units. The Zn(II) complexes of SPANbox showed excellent activity (98–99% yield) and enantioselectivity (90–98% ee) in the catalysis of hydroxylation of various β-keto esters and 1,3-diester with catalyst loading of 0.1–5 mol%. The performance of SPANbox in the present catalytic system was found to be significantly superior to the commonly used classic bisoxazoline ligands, such as (R,R)-Ph-Box or (S,S)-tBu-PyBox, indicating the advantage of the present spiro ligand skeleton.
Cardiovascular Disease, Mortality, and Retinal Microvascular Characteristics in Type 1 Diabetes (2004)

Incidences of cardiovascular disease, including mortality, were common in people with type 1 diabetes during a 20-year interval. Retinal vascular characteristics were associated with these end points, but this association was confounded by nephropathy.
Rhenium Calix[4]arenes: Precursors to Novel Imaging and Cancer Therapy Agents (2008)

Abstract Interaction of [ReOCl 3 (PPh 3 ) 2 ] with tert ‐butylcalix[4]areneH 4 , Cax(OH) 4 , in the presence of MO t Bu (M = Na, K), or MH, under anaerobic conditions affords the isostructural rhenium(V) oxo complexes [Re(O)(PPh 3 )Cax(O) 4 M(NCMe) 2 ] · 4MeCN [M = Na, ( 1 ); K, ( 2 )] containing an alkali‐metal cation within an elliptical ligand conformation. In the presence of air, the same reaction affords dioxo rhenium(VII) complexes of the form [Re(O) 2 Cax(O) 4 M(NCMe) 2 ] [M = Na, · ca. 2.8MeCN ( 3 ); K, · 3MeCN ( 4 )]. Prolonged heating also led to the isolation of the first examples of rhenium–rhenium bonding supported by calixarene ligands, viz. [ReCax(O) 4 M(NCMe) 2 (μ‐O)] 2 · 4MeCN [M = Na, ( 5 ); K, ( 6 )], and in one case to {ReCax(O) 4 K(NCMe) 2 [μ‐OK(NCMe) 2 ]} 2 Cax(O) 2 (OH) 2 · 7MeCN ( 7 ). The use of 2 as starting material led to the isolation of the complex {[Re(O)Cax(O) 4 K(NCMe) 2 ] 2 (μ‐O)} · 2MeCN ( 8 ). Given the diversity and complexity of the products arising from these “oxo” reactions, attention was switched to the isoelectronic organoimido [NR] group, and given its synthetic utility, the tert ‐butylimido group [N t Bu] was chosen as our entry point. Reaction of [Re(N t Bu) 2 Cl 3 ] with Cax(OH) 4 in a 1:1 ratio afforded the orange [Re(N t Bu) 2 ClCax(O) 2 (OH) 2 ] · MeCN ( 9 ), containing both a linear and a bent imido group. Increasing the amount of Cax(OH) 4 (2:3 ratio) afforded both 9 together with the dark red complex [Re(N t Bu)Cax(O) 4 Cax(O)(OH) 3 ] · 6MeCN ( 10 ), which contains both mono‐ and tetra‐dentate calixarene ligands. In the presence of adventitious oxygen, the complex {[Re(N t Bu)Cax(O) 4 ] 2 (μ‐O)} · 3MeCN ( 11 ) was formed. To favour monomeric complex formation, the lithium salt of the monomethoxycalix[4]arene, namely Cax(OLi) 3 (OMe), was treated with [Re(N t Bu) 2 Cl 3 ] affording the mono‐ and bisacetonitrile‐ligated species [Re(N t Bu) 2 Cax(O) 4 Li(NCMe) 2 ][Re(N t Bu) 2 Cax(O) 4 Li(NCMe)] · MeCN ( 12 ). To avoid the lithium incorporation of 12 , Cax(OH) 3 (OMe) was treated with [Re(N t Bu) 3 (OSiMe 3 )] affording [Re(N t Bu) 2 Cax(O) 3 (OMe)] ( 13 ), for which the methoxy ether group protudes into the calixarene cavity. The compounds 1 – 13 have been structurally characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (synchrotron radiation was used for 4 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 – 13 ).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Cannabidiol for Viral Diseases: Hype or Hope? (2020)

<b>Background:</b> The possibility of cannabidiol (CBD) to be used as an antiviral or to treat viral diseases has received limited attention so far, despite the growing number of claims that CBD could be used for the treatment of viral infection-related conditions. <b>Aim and Methods:</b> Therefore, we systematically retrieved and critically evaluated the scientific literature available on PubMed and the claims on the Internet, to assess the current state of knowledge on the use of CBD in viral diseases, and to provide suggestions for future research directions. <b>Results:</b> PubMed search referenced two original articles supporting the use of CBD for the treatment of hepatitis C and Kaposi sarcoma and one article reporting the ability of CBD to reduce neuroinflammation in a virus-induced animal model of multiple sclerosis. Internet search found 25 websites claiming more indications for CBD. Remarkably, those claims were provided mostly by commercial websites and were not supported by appropriate scientific references. <b>Conclusion:</b> Although preclinical studies suggest the potential effectiveness of CBD in viral diseases such as hepatitis C and Kaposi sarcoma, clinical evidence is still lacking. Anecdotal experiences of CBD use retrieved on the Internet, on the other side, lack any support from sound scientific evidence, although they might in some cases provide suggestions for conditions associated with viral infections that may deserve proper assessment in well-designed clinical trials.
Multiple modular microfluidic (M3) reactors for the synthesis of polymer particles (2009)

We report a study of the continuous generation of polymer particles in parallel multiple modular microfluidic (M3) reactors. Each module consisted of sixteen parallel microfluidic reactors comprising emulsification and polymerization compartments. We identified and minimized the effects of the following factors that could result in the broadening of the distribution of sizes of the particles synthesized in the M3 reactors, in comparison with an individual microfluidic reactor: (i) the fidelity in the fabrication of multiple microfluidic droplet generators; (ii) the crosstalk between parallel droplet generators sharing liquid supply sources; and (iii) the coalescence of precursor droplets and/or partly polymerized polymer particles. Our results show that the M3 reactors can produce polymer microgel particles with polydispersity not exceeding 5% at a productivity of approximately 50 g/h.
Surface Analysis of Biodegradable Polymer Blends of Poly(sebacic anhydride) and Poly(<scp>dl</scp>-lactic acid) (1996)

The erosion behavior of blends of biodegradable polymers is determined by the chemical composition and the molecular organization of the surface of the material. Providing a comprehensive characterization of polymer blend surfaces requires a multi-instrumental approach, as no individual surface analysis technique can ascertain both the chemical and morphological nature of surfaces. In this study we have characterized the surfaces of immiscible and miscible blends of the biodegradable polymers poly(sebacic anhydride) (PSA) and poly(dl-lactic acid) (PLA) using the surface techniques of static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). SSIMS and XPS have recorded the surface enrichment of all of the blends with the PLA component. For the immiscible blends, differential charging within the XPS spectra also provides evidence of phase separation. AFM data have contrasted the surface morphologies of the immiscible and miscible blends, and the use of in situ AFM techniques has enabled the effect of blend morphology on surface erosion to be visualized. For the immiscible systems, clear phase separation morphologies can be observed and at certain blend compositions the rapid loss of the PSA from the films results in the exposure of the PLA morphology. However, as the PLA content is increased, the surface enrichment effect results in the degradation behavior of the blend being dominated by the slow degrading PLA surface layer. For the miscible systems, the in situ AFM studies visualized a disintegration of the whole blend film without the exposure of a PLA morphology, indicating that the hydrolysis of the PSA component rendered the whole film unstable. The use of SIMS, XPS, and AFM, while highlighting the complexity of polymer blend surfaces, can provide a rapid analysis of the physicochemical phenomena underlying the organization of these systems and therefore should facilitate the application of such systems as biomaterials.
Genes needed for the modification, polymerization, export, and processing of succinoglycan by Rhizobium meliloti: a model for succinoglycan biosynthesis (1993)

The major acidic exopolysaccharide of Rhizobium meliloti, termed succinoglycan, is required for nodule invasion and possibly nodule development. Succinoglycan is a polymer of octasaccharide subunits composed of one galactose residue, seven glucose residues, and acetyl, succinyl, and pyruvyl modifications, which is synthesized on an isoprenoid lipid carrier. A cluster of exo genes in R. meliloti are required for succinoglycan production, and the biosynthetic roles of their gene products have recently been determined (T.L. Reuber and G. C. Walker, Cell 74:269-280, 1993). Our sequencing of 16 kb of this cluster of exo genes and further genetic analysis of this region resulted in the discovery of several new exo genes and has allowed a correlation of the genetic map with the DNA sequence. In this paper we present the sequences of genes that are required for the addition of the succinyl and pyruvyl modifications to the lipid-linked intermediate and genes required for the polymerization of the octasaccharide subunits or the export of succinoglycan. In addition, on the basis of homologies to known proteins, we suggest that ExoN is a uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase and that ExoK is a beta(1,3)-beta (1,4)-glucanase. We propose a model for succinoglycan biosynthesis and processing which assigns roles to the products of nineteen exo genes.
Chemical and biological investigation of harmal plant. 2. Alkaloidal investigation (1997)

Abstract An enriched alkaloidal fraction from harmal seeds was prepared as iodide derivative, and fractionated by preparative TLC. Three compounds were obtained: harmine, harmaline and harmalol. The biological activity of the iodide derivative and the three compounds were assessed on the cotton leaf worm. Correlation between the biological activity and chemical structure was postulated.
Analysis of Magnetic Shielding Effects for Thin-Film Inductors. (1994)

Issues related to magnetic shielding effects are discussed for inner-coil-type thin-film inductors with closed magnetic circuits. The relationship between magnetic shielding effects, mutual inductance, and proximity effects is investigated by using the finite integral equation method. The results show that obvious shielding effects occur in the inductors and that the mutual inductance is not influenced by the shielding effects.
Current status of hormonal treatments for metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women. (1997)

An increased awareness of hormonal treatments in advanced breast cancer will help nurses educate, counsel, and promote patient awareness and acceptance.
InP HBT technology and applications (2002)

TRW has the world's only production Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) based GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) technology, delivering over 3 million commercial chips per month, as well as space qualified HBT MMICs. Using this foundation, we have developed the next generation InP-based HBT technology to produce advanced HBT integrated circuits for space and defense applications as well as high volume commercial applications. Here we present performance characteristics for InP HBT ICs for consumer products and advanced space and defense applications.
Characterization of Polymers by Thermally Stimulated Current Analysis and Relaxation Map Analysis Spectroscopy (1990)

This chapter presents an overview of thermally stimulated current (TSC) analysis, which reveals the molecular mobility of a material's structure; and relaxation map analysis (RMA), which reveals structural transitions in polymers. Essentially, TSC and RMA are the same technique with two different focuses resulting in two types of analysis. The purpose of this chapter is to show that RMA is an exceptional technique that reveals more about the state of polymeric matter than previous methods. Equations are given for relaxation time, elementary retardation time, and temperature-dependent retardation time. The fully automated TSC/RMA spectrometer is described. Use of TSC/RMA spectroscopy for engineering applications is discussed. The influence of orientation, hydrostatic press, and processing conditions is described. A comparison of differential scanning calorimetric, thermal mechanical, and TSC/RMA spectroscopic characterization of latex copolymers is given.
In Vivo Partial Bystander Study in a Mouse Model by Chronic Medium-Dose-Rate γ-Ray Irradiation (2013)

The biological activities of molecules secreted into the serum of mice chronically irradiated with γ rays at low or medium dose rate (L/MDR) have not been well studied. In this work, the bioactive molecules found in the serum of chronically irradiated mice (dose rate: 0.0181 Gy/h) were characterized by a cell-based assay (CBA) using microarrays. This technique can predict changes in cytokine levels in serum by measuring gene expression profiles and analyzing molecular signaling pathways. Gene expression in cultured mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) 1 day after addition of serum from nonirradiated or irradiated mice had different profiles. A high level of expression of lipocalin2 (Lcn2) was induced in MEFs upon addition of serum from MDR irradiated mice, and Lcn2 was used as a marker for identifying secreted molecules in serum. Based on microarray analysis of molecular pathways, we predicted that the enhanced gene expression of Lcn2 in MEFs might be caused by interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the serum of the irradiated mice, and that an IL-1α antibody could completely neutralize the enhanced gene expression of Lcn2 in MEFs. The increase in IL-1α levels in the serum from the irradiated mice was confirmed by ELISA experiments. However, an increase in IL-1β could not be detected. These results indicated that IL-1α was released into the serum of mice chronically exposed to a high dose of γ-ray radiation at MDR. We therefore believe that the CBA method using microarrays will be applicable for the screening of bioactive molecules in serum, which will be useful for detecting various diseases and metabolic changes.