gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DAG-GNN: DAG Structure Learning with Graph Neural Networks (2019)

Learning a faithful directed acyclic graph (DAG) from samples of a joint distribution is a challenging combinatorial problem, owing to the intractable search space superexponential in the number of graph nodes. A recent breakthrough formulates the problem as a continuous optimization with a structural constraint that ensures acyclicity (Zheng et al., 2018). The authors apply the approach to the linear structural equation model (SEM) and the least-squares loss function that are statistically well justified but nevertheless limited. Motivated by the widespread success of deep learning that is capable of capturing complex nonlinear mappings, in this work we propose a deep generative model and apply a variant of the structural constraint to learn the DAG. At the heart of the generative model is a variational autoencoder parameterized by a novel graph neural network architecture, which we coin DAG-GNN. In addition to the richer capacity, an advantage of the proposed model is that it naturally handles discrete variables as well as vector-valued ones. We demonstrate that on synthetic data sets, the proposed method learns more accurate graphs for nonlinearly generated samples; and on benchmark data sets with discrete variables, the learned graphs are reasonably close to the global optima. The code is available at \url{https://github.com/fishmoon1234/DAG-GNN}.
Systemic drug delivery via the buccal mucosal route (2001)

Within the oral mucosal cavity, the buccal region offers an attractive route of administration for systemic drug delivery. The mucosa has a rich blood supply and is permeable to many pharmacologically active agents. The objective of this article is to review buccal drug delivery by discussing the structure and environment of the oral mucosa and highlighting the experimental methods used in the assessment of buccal drug permeation and absorption. The review also assesses the current status of buccal permeation enhancers as well as buccal drug delivery systems.
Changing Clinical Practice (1994)

A formal CME program significantly increased the frequency with which physicians prescribed prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. We believe the key factor in our CME interventions that motivated clinicians to change their practices was the provision of hospital-specific data demonstrating a compelling need for improvement. Despite the substantial investment by hospitals in QA, traditional QA intervention appeared to provide no additional benefit. Even after extensive CME/QA interventions, prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism remained underutilized, suggesting the need to develop new approaches to changing clinical practice.
Thermal Modeling of Air Gaps on the Cooling Capacity of Finger Coolers in an Electric Smelting Furnace (2000)

AbstractAbstractWhile water cooling systems are used to freeze a slag layer on the refractory sidewall to prevent refractory erosion by the molten slag, it should not remove excessive thermal energy from the electric smelting furnace. One and three-dimensional thermal mathematical models are used to examine conditions where a solid slag layer will form on the refractory. The effect and sensitivity of an air gap between the copper cooling finger and the refractory is examined from the slag solidification perspective. Will a protective slag solidify on the refractory? Other issues examined include copper finger tip temperature, number of fingers per unit transverse area versus larger fingers, location of finger tip into the furnace wall and from the slag interface (depth of penetration) and maximum operating sidewall heat flux q max where no protective slag layer is formed. These are important factors that affect cooling finger placement in the electric smelting furnace. A 1 mm air gap can potentially decrease the water cooling capacity by 30%.Bien que les systémes de refroidissement à l'eau soient utilisés pour solidifier une couche de scorie sur la paroi du réfractaire pour en empêcher l'érosion par la scorie fondue, ceux-ci ne devraient pas enlever excessivement d'énergie thermique du four électrique. On utilise des modéles mathématiques thermiques uni- et tridimensionnels pour examiner les conditions dans lesquelles une couche de scorie solide peut se former sur le réfractaire. On examine l'effet et la sensibilité d'un espace d'air entre le "doigt" de refroidissement en cuivre et le réfractaire, de la perspective de solidification de la scorie, i.e. à savoir si une scorie protectrice se solidifiera sur le réfractaire. D'autres points examinés incluent: la température du bout du doigt de cuivre; le nombre de doigts par unité de surface transverse par rapport à de gros doigts; l'emplacement du bout du doigt dans la paroi du four, à distance de l'interface de scorie (profondeur de pénétration); flux maximum de chaleur d'opération, qmax, de la paroi où aucune couche protectrice de scorie n'est formée. Ceux-ci sont des facteurs importants qui affectent le positionnement du doigt de refroidissement dans le four électrique. Un espace d'air de 1 mm peut diminuer potentiellement de 30% la capacité de refroidissement de l'eau.
Global catch up for nurses (2013)

As I write this, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) 25th Quadrennial Congress is drawing to a close. Australia's ICN partners, the Australian College of Nursing and the Australian Nursing Federation, were proud to host this six day international event in Melbourne from 18 - 23 May 2013. It is the first time in over 50 years ICN Congress, the largest international nursing event, has been held in Australia.
Inter-channel crosstalk phenomena in optical time division multiplexed switching networks (1994)

The nature of inter-channel crosstalk arising in OTDM switching networks formed from imperfectly isolated 2/spl times/2 crosspoints and optical delay lines is investigated and a novel classification is identified. It is shown that the mixing of crosstalk and signal waveforms which are either, a) mutually coherent or, b) incoherent and (optical) frequency matched to within the receiver bandwidth, may result in intensity noise and far greater performance degradation than for c) incoherent signals whose optical beat frequency exceeds the receiver bandwidth. Initial experimental studies indicate that crosspoint isolation <-15 dB is required if undilated networks containing more than four crosspoints are to be realised.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Morphology induction from term clusters (2005)

We address the problem of learning a morphological automaton directly from a monolingual text corpus without recourse to additional resources. Like previous work in this area, our approach exploits orthographic regularities in a search for possible morphological segmentation points. Instead of affixes, however, we search for affix transformation rules that express correspondences between term clusters induced from the data. This focuses the system on substrings having syntactic function, and yields cluster-to-cluster transformation rules which enable the system to process unknown morphological forms of known words accurately. A stem-weighting algorithm based on Hubs and Authorities is used to clarify ambiguous segmentation points. We evaluate our approach using the CELEX database.
Lymph Node Evaluation and Survival After Curative Resection of Colon Cancer: Systematic Review (2007)

The number of lymph nodes evaluated after surgical resection was positively associated with survival of patients with stage II and stage III colon cancer. These results support consideration of the number of lymph nodes evaluated as a measure of the quality of colon cancer care.
Los CPR como dispositivos para el intercambio y fusión del conocimiento pedagógico (1998)

Designing logos, typefaces, and other decorated shapes can require professional skills. In this paper, we aim to produce new and unique decorated shapes by stylizing ordinary shapes with machine learning. Specifically, we combined parametric and non-parametric neural style transfer algorithms to transfer both local and global features. Furthermore, we introduced a distance-based guiding to the neural style transfer process, so that only the foreground shape will be decorated. Lastly, qualitative evaluation and ablation studies are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method.
Characterization of the transposition pattern of the <i>Ac</i> element in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> using endonuclease I- <i>Sce</i> I (1997)

We have investigated physical distances and directions of transposition of the maize transposable element Ac in Arabidopsis thaliana . We prepared a transferred DNA (T-DNA) construct that carried a non-autonomous derivative of Ac with a site for cleavage by endonuclease I- Sce I (designated dAc-I-RS element). Another cleavage site was also introduced into the T-DNA region outside dAc-I-RS. Three transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated, each of which had a single copy of the T-DNA at a different chromosomal location. These transgenic plants were crossed with the Arabidopsis that carried the gene for Ac transposase and progeny in which dAc-I-RS had been transposed were isolated. After digestion of the genomic DNA of these progeny with endonuclease I- Sce I, sizes of segment of DNA were determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. We also performed linkage analysis for the transposed elements and sites of mutations near the elements. Our results showed that 50% of all transposition events had occurred within 1,700 kb on the same chromosome, with 35% within 200 kb, and that the elements transposed in both directions on the chromosome with roughly equal probability. The data thus indicate that the Ac – Ds system is most useful for tagging of genes that are present within 200 kb of the chromosomal site of Ac in Arabidopsis . In addition, determination of the precise localization of the transposed dAc-I-RS element should definitely assist in map-based cloning of genes around insertion sites.
Nutritional Potential of Red Palm Oil for Combating Vitamin A Deficiency (2000)

Although the severe vitamin A deficiency responsible for ocular damage is now rare, subclinical vitamin A deficiency still contributes importantly to high child mortality in the developing countries of Asia. This demands urgent and effective preventive action. Although periodic large doses of vitamin A for this purpose have been a favoured approach of international agencies, the coverage achieved has been inadequate and is usually not sustainable without external support. for this reason, there has been increasing emphasis on a sustainable dietary approach to the prevention of subclinical vitamin A deficiency. One part of this can be the production and use of red palm oil as a salad and cooking oil or blended into other vegetable cooking oils. the latter will also improve the caloric density of the diets, a serious limiting factor for young children in the region. It will also add antioxidant activity to the diet.
Active detection of age groups based on touch interaction (2018)

This article studies user classification into children and adults according to their interaction with touchscreen devices. The authors analyse the performance of two sets of features derived from the sigma‐lognormal theory of rapid human movements and global characterisation of touchscreen interaction. The authors propose an active detection approach aimed to continuously monitor the user patterns. The experimentation is conducted on a publicly available database with samples obtained from 89 children between 3 and 6 years old and 30 adults. The authors have used support vector machines algorithm to classify the resulting features into age groups. The sets of features are fused at the score level using data from smartphones and tablets. The results, with correct classification rates over 96%, show the discriminative ability of the proposed neuromotor‐inspired features to classify age groups according to the interaction with touch devices. In the active detection set‐up, the authors’ method is able to identify a child using only four gestures in average.
Overproduction of <i>Escherichia coli</i> DNA polymerase DinB (Pol IV) inhibits replication fork progression and is lethal (2008)

Escherichia coli dinB encodes the specialized DNA polymerase DinB (Pol IV), which is induced as part of the SOS stress-response system and functions in translesion synthesis (TLS) to relieve the replicative Pol III that is stalled at DNA lesions. As the number of DinB molecules, even in unstressed cells, is greater than that required to accomplish TLS, it is thought that dinB plays some additional physiological role. Here, we overexpressed dinB under the tightly regulable arabinose promoter and looked for a distinct phenotype. Upon induction of dinB expression, progression of the replication fork was immediately inhibited at random genomic positions, and the colony-forming ability of the cells was reduced. Overexpression of mutated dinB alleles revealed that the structural requirements for these two inhibitory effects and for TLS were distinct. The extent of in vivo inhibition displayed by a mutant DinB matched the extent of its in vitro impedance, at near-physiological concentration, of a moving Pol III. We suggest that DinB targets Pol III, thereby acting as a brake on replication fork progression. Because the brake operates when cells have excess DinB, as they do under stress conditions, it may serve as a checkpoint that modulates replication to safeguard genome stability.
Enhanced customer value enabled by synergies between protection and control in high voltage substations (1996)

The concept of an integrated communication network supporting substation intelligent electronic devices (IED) for protection, control, and data acquisition applications is illustrated. The network architecture is required to provide access to IED data for users in all utility-owned facilities including the local substation, other substations, control centres and corporate offices. A secondary but growing class of application is the digital monitoring of power system primary equipment, e.g. switchgear, transformers, lines, buses and feeders and the transfer of protection system data between IEDs not only in the substation but also to external systems. The areas which are to be examined for seeking improved business performance are related to asset management support. Asset maintenance, refurbishment and replacement options are to be examined and decision support systems are to be specified. The paper indicates possibilities to solve the key questions which are to be considered for the implementation of the new technologies: What benefits can be gained in replacing secondary systems (protection and control equipment)? Can the primary plant, circuit breakers, transformers etc. be better utilised? Can primary plant maintenance be optimised? Is it possible to extend the lifetime of primary plant?.
Self-Assembly: From Amphiphiles to Chromophores and Beyond (2014)

Self-assembly has been recognised as a ubiquitous aspect of modern chemistry. Our understanding and applications of self-assembly are substantially based on what has been learned from biochemical systems. In this review, we describe various aspects of self-assembly commencing with an account of the soft structures that are available by assembly of surfactant amphiphiles, which are important scientific and industrial materials. Variation of molecular design using rules defined by surfactant self-assembly permits synthesis of functional nanostructures in solution and at surfaces while increasing the strength of intermolecular interactions through π-π stacking, metal cation coordination and/or hydrogen bonding leads to formation of highly complex bespoke nanostructured materials exemplified by DNA assemblies. We describe the origins of self-assembly involving aggregation of lipid amphiphiles and how this subject has been expanded to include other highly advanced chemical systems.
Identification of a Negative Regulator of Gibberellin Action, HvSPY, in Barley (1998)

To broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of gibberellin (GA) action, we isolated a spindly clone (HvSPY) from barley cultivar Himalaya and tested whether the HvSPY protein would modulate GA action in barley aleurone. The HvSPY cDNA showed high sequence identity to Arabidopsis SPY along its entire length, and the barley protein functionally complemented the spy-3 mutation. HvSPY and SPY proteins showed sequence relatedness with animal O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferases (OGTs), suggesting that they may also have OGT activity. HvSPY has a locus distinct from that of Sln, a mutation that causes the constitutive GA responses of slender barley, which phenotypically resembles Arabidopsis spy mutants. The possibility that the HvSPY gene encodes a negative regulator of GA action was tested by expressing HvSPY in a barley aleurone transient assay system. HvSPY coexpression largely abolished GA3-induced activity of an alpha-amylase promoter. Surprisingly, HvSPY coexpression increased reporter gene activity from an abscisic acid (ABA)-inducible gene promoter (dehydrin), even in the absence of exogenous ABA. These results show that HvSPY modulates the transcriptional activities of two hormonally regulated promoters: negatively for a GA-induced promoter and positively for an ABA-induced promoter.
Spindle Pole Organization in<i>Drosophila</i>S2 Cells by Dynein,<i>Abnormal Spindle</i>Protein (Asp), and KLP10A (2005)

Dynein is a critical mitotic motor whose inhibition causes defects in spindle pole organization and separation, chromosome congression or segregation, and anaphase spindle elongation, but results differ in different systems. We evaluated the functions of the dynein-dynactin complex by using RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated depletion of distinct subunits in Drosophila S2 cells. We observed a striking detachment of centrosomes from spindles, an increase in spindle length, and a loss of spindle pole focus. RNAi depletion of Ncd, another minus-end motor, produced disorganized spindles consisting of multiple disconnected mini-spindles, a different phenotype consistent with distinct pathways of spindle pole organization. Two candidate dynein-dependent spindle pole organizers also were investigated. RNAi depletion of the abnormal spindle protein, Asp, which localizes to focused poles of control spindles, produced a severe loss of spindle pole focus, whereas depletion of the pole-associated microtubule depolymerase KLP10A increased spindle microtubule density. Depletion of either protein produced long spindles. After RNAi depletion of dynein-dynactin, we observed subtle but significant mislocalization of KLP10A and Asp, suggesting that dynein-dynactin, Asp, and KLP10A have complex interdependent functions in spindle pole focusing and centrosome attachment. These results extend recent findings from Xenopus extracts to Drosophila cultured cells and suggest that common pathways contribute to spindle pole organization and length determination.
Noise and frequency chirping in external-cavity semiconductor lasers (1989)

The noise spectra and frequency chirping of semiconductor lasers in the presence of arbitrary amounts of optical feedback are analyzed. Short external cavities with strong optical feedback are found to reduce the noise dramatically in semiconductor lasers, especially in the high-frequency regime. Frequency chirping is shown to be closely related to the nonlinear gain effect.
An automated and portable low-flow pulsatile perfusion system for organ preservation (1996)

While machine preservation reduces the incidence of delayed graft function in renal transplant recipients, it is only used in 10% of kidney transplantations. The performance of our portable, low-flow-pulsatile organ perfusion system was examined in a canine kidney autotransplantation model. Grafts were stored for 72 h by simple cold preservation in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, or by high or low-flow machine preservation After preservation, the grafts were autotransplanted and the animals were followed for 15 days. Graft function was better in machine-preserved kidneys. Tissue biochemistry indicated that machine preservation resulted in higher levels of adenine nucleotides and better histological integrity than the cold storage. While histology and biochemistry of machine-preserved groups were similar, electromicroscopy of high-flow grafts showed mild accumulation of intravenous debris and endothelial swelling. This study shows that a simplified machine perfusion technique is effective for organ preservation.
SHOP2: An HTN Planning System (2003)

The SHOP2 planning system received one of the awards for distinguished performance in the 2002 International Planning Competition. This paper describes the features of SHOP2 which enabled it to excel in the competition, especially those aspects of SHOP2 that deal with temporal and metric planning domains.
Heats of formation of 1,3-dioxolenium ions from ortho ester precursors in sulfuric acid solution: methyl vs. phenyl substitution at the pro-acyl carbon atom (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeats of formation of 1,3-dioxolenium ions from ortho ester precursors in sulfuric acid solution: methyl vs. phenyl substitution at the pro-acyl carbon atomR. A. Burt, C. A. Chambers, Y. Chiang, C. S. Hillock, A. J. Kresge, and J. W. LarsenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 14, 2622–2624Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00188a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00188a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Study of Cross-Linking using , Vapor-Phase Chromatography (1964)

A study of the cross-linking reaction of bis-methoxy-methyluron with cellulose has been made using vapor-phase chromatography. The rate of methanol liberation for various catalysts is given, and the effect of moisture content of the fabric on the reaction rate is shown. The data are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical significance.
Secure Password-Based Protocol for Downloading a Private Key. (1999)

We present protocols that allow a user Alice, knowing only her name and password, and not carrying a smart card, to “log in to the network ” from a “generic ” workstation, i.e., one that has all the necessary software installed, but none of the configuration information usually assumed to be known a priori in a security scheme, such as Alice’s public and private keys, her certificate, and the public keys of one or more CAs. By “logging in”, we mean the workstation retrieves this information on behalf of the user. This would be straightforward if Alice had a cryptographically strong password. We propose protocols that are secure even if Alice’s password is guessable. We concentrate on the initial retrieval of Alice’s private key from some server Bob on the network. We discuss various protocols for doing this that avoid off-line password guessing attacks by someone eavesdropping