gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Different of antibacterial effect of neem leaves and stick extracts (2007)

Purpose: This study determined the antibacterial effect of ethanolic neem leaves and stick extract in inhibiting the growth of Sreptococcus mutans.
Materials and Methods: Two different parts of neem, leaves and stick, extracts using ethanol were prepared at 10% and 20% (w/v: extraction powder/water) respectively. Each extractions were dropped on an MHA agar that had been inoculated with Streptococcus mutans. Distilled water was used as the control. After 24 hours of incubation, the inhibition diameters were measured. Collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Least Significance Difference (LSD) at a 95% confinement level.
Results: The inhibition zone value of neem extracts on Streptococcus mutans showed that neem leaves extract had less inhibition value than neem stick extract on all concentrations. The ANOVA showed that there were significant influence of neem extracts (p<0.001), neem concentrations (p<0.001), and neem extract- concentration (p<0.023) on Streptococcus mutans inhibition.
Conclusion: Neem leaves and stick ethanolic extracts had antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans. Neem stick extract had higher antibacterial properties than the leaves extract.
Key Words: antibacterial effect, neem extracts, Streptococcus mutans.
Automatic Detection, Tracking, and Sensor Integration (1988)

This report surveys the state of the art of automatic detection, tracking, and sensor integration. In the area of detection, various noncoherent integrators such as the moving window integrator, feedback integrator, two-pole filter, binary integrator, and batch processor are discussed. Next, the three techniques for controlling false alarms, adapting thresholds, nonparametric detectors, and clutter maps are presented. In the area of tracking, a general outline is given of a track-while-scan system, and then a discussion is presented of the file system, contact-entry logic, coordinate systems, tracking filters, maneuver-following logic, tracking initiating, track-drop logic, and correlation procedures. Finally, in the area of multisensor integration the problems of colocated-radar integration, multisite-radar integration, radar-IFF integration, and radar-DF bearing strobe integration are treated.
D‐E‐A‐D protein family of putative RNA helicases (1992)

Summary RNA metabolism plays a central role in cell growth. It is essential to regulate RNA synthesis, processing, stability and degradation. Conformational changes in RNA are key elements in regulating cellular processes. Recently, an increasing number of putative RNA helicases from different organisms ranging from Escherichia coli to humans and viruses have been identified. They are Involved in diverse cellular functions such as RNA splicing, ribosome assembly, initiation of translation, spermatogenesis, embryogenesis, and cell growth and division. Based on sequence homologies these proteins were grouped in a family, the D‐E‐A‐D box protein family (D‐E‐A‐D = Asp‐Glu‐Ala‐Asp). Some of the better characterized members have been shown to possess ATP‐binding and hydrolysing activities as well as ATP‐dependent RNA helicase activities. Most of the genes encoding such proteins have been isolated from yeast, on which we will focus in this review. From sequence data, three of the members form a subfamily, the D‐E‐A‐H subfamily.
Preclinical evaluation of human secretoglobin 3A2 in mouse models of lung development and fibrosis (2013)

Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2 is a member of the SCGB gene superfamily of small secreted proteins, predominantly expressed in lung airways. We hypothesize that human SCGB3A2 may exhibit anti-inflammatory, growth factor, and antifibrotic activities and be of clinical utility. Recombinant human SCGB3A2 was expressed, purified, and biochemically characterized as a first step to its development as a therapeutic agent in clinical settings. Human SCGB3A2, as well as mouse SCGB3A2, readily formed a dimer in solution and exhibited novel phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity. This is the first demonstration of any quantitative biochemical measurement for the evaluation of SCGB3A2 protein. In the mouse as an experimental animal, human SCGB3A2 exhibited growth factor activity by promoting embryonic lung development in both ex vivo and in vivo systems and antifibrotic activity in the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model. The results suggested that human SCGB3A2 can function as a growth factor and an antifibrotic agent in humans. When SCGB3A2 was administered to pregnant female mice through the tail vein, the protein was detected in the dam's serum and lung, as well as the placenta, amniotic fluids, and embryonic lungs at 10 min postadministration, suggesting that SCGB3A2 readily crosses the placenta. The results warrant further development of recombinant SCGB3A2 as a therapeutic agent in treating patients suffering from lung diseases or preterm infants with respiratory distress.
Electrostatic Discharge analysis of Multi Layer Ceramic capacitors (2009)

A rigorous analysis of Electrostatic Discharge susceptibility of Multi Layer Ceramic (MLC) capacitors is carried out. The impact of ESD stress applied at the connector pins of an electronic control module, protected by utilizing 0603 package MLC capacitors is evaluated. Effectiveness of MLC capacitors for protection of integrated circuits cannot be underestimated, nor should it be assumed as an effective ESD robust solution. Meanwhile, any degradation, or physical damage to MLC capacitors should not be ignored. This analysis concentrates on the permanent physical degradation to the ESD capacitors employed for the protection of active components for an automotive control module. However, this does not limit its scope to specialized automotive applications. In general, the same principles are applicable to all electronic products employing MLC capacitors as per ESD protection and filter mechanism.
Brainstem auditory evoked responses in man. I. Effect of stimulus rise–fall time and duration (1976)

Short latency (under 10 msec) evoked responses elicited by bursts of white noise were recorded from the scalp of human subjects. Response alterations produced by changes in the noise-burst duration (on time), interburst interval (off time), and onset and offset shapes are reported and evaluated. The latency of the most prominent response component, wave V, was markedly delayed with increases in stimulus rise time but was unaffected by changes in fall time. Increase in stimulus duration and therefore loudness resulted in a systematic increse in latency, probably due to response recovery processes, as this effect was eliminated with increases in stimulus off time. The amplitude of wave V was insensitive to changes in signal rise and fall times, while increasing signal on time produced smaller amplitude responses only for sufficiently short off times. It is concluded that wave V of the human auditory brainstem-evoked response is solely an onset response. Subject Classification :[43]65.59.[43].65.75.
Local-Area Subnetworks: A Performance Comparison (1981)

This paper provides a comparative evaluation of the performance of ring and bus systems constituting subnetworks of local-area networks. Performance is measured in terms of the delaythroughput characteristics. Systems investigated include token-controlled and slotted rings as well as random-access buses (CSMA with collision detection) and ordered-access buses. The investigation is based on analytic models which describe the various topologies and access mechanisms to a sufficient level of detail. The paper includes a comprehensive discussion of how the performance of the different networks is affected by system parameters like transmission rate, cable length, packet lengths, and control overhead.
Regulation of a putative neurotransmitter effect of corticotropin-releasing factor: effects of adrenalectomy. (1997)

This study tested the hypothesis that endogenous glucocorticoids regulate a putative neurotransmitter function of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the locus coeruleus (LC). LC spontaneous discharge and activation by intracerebroventricularly administered CRF, hypotensive challenge, sciatic nerve stimulation, and carbachol were compared in adrenalectomized and sham-operated halothane-anesthetized rats. LC spontaneous discharge was higher in adrenalectomized versus sham-operated rats. Intracoerulear microinfusion of a CRF antagonist decreased LC discharge rates of adrenalectomized rats to rates comparable with those observed in sham-operated rats but had no effect in sham-operated rats. The CRF dose–response curve was shifted in a complex manner in adrenalectomized rats, suggesting that a proportion of CRF receptors were occupied before CRF administration, and low doses of CRF were additive. Higher doses of CRF produced effects that were greater than predicted by simple additivity. Hypotensive challenge increased LC discharge rates of adrenalectomized rats by a magnitude greater than that predicted on the basis of additivity. In contrast, LC responses to carbachol and sciatic nerve stimulation were similar in both groups. The results suggest that adrenalectomy enhances tonic and stress-induced CRF release within the LC and also alters postsynaptic sensitivity of LC neurons to CRF. Because adrenalectomy also alters release of neurohormone CRF, the present study suggests that CRF actions as a neurohormone and as a neurotransmitter in the LC may be co-regulated. Such parallel regulation may underlie the coexistence of neuroendocrine and noradrenergic dysfunctions in stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Dormancy in non-sporulating bacteria (1993)

&quot;All stood amazed, until an old woman, tottering out from among the crowd, put her hand to her brow, and peering under it in his face for a moment exclaimed, &apos;Sure enough! it is Rip Van Winkle-- it is himself. Welcome home again, old neighbour-- Why, where have you been these twenty long years?&quot;&apos;
Modeling and Resonance Analysis of Multiparallel Inverters System Under Asynchronous Carriers Conditions (2016)

With increasing penetration of renewable energy sources into modern power systems, multiparallel inverters are commonly employed in the interface to the utility grid, giving rise to potential resonance problems. In order to better understand the issue, resonance of multiparallel inverters is analyzed under an asynchronous carrier. First, multiparallel inverter equivalent circuits are modeled within a controlled bandwidth. In order to investigate resonance characteristics under an asynchronous carrier, a crossover filter function is used to separate output currents of different frequencies for a two-parallel inverter to analyze the output current frequency response. With this approach, resonance characteristics are focused under asynchronous conditions, and the impact of shifting LCL parameters on resonance is examined. The influence of paralleled inverter number on output currents is examined, and the analysis is expanded to multiparallel inverter systems to determine the resonance characteristics. Experimental results validate the developed models and the proposed resonance characteristics.
High-speed X-ray phase imaging with white SR and Talbot interferometer (2009)

Introduction X-ray Talbot interferometry[1] using transmission gratings has attracted increasing attention as a novel method for X-ray phase imaging. One advantage of this method is that it functions with a broad X-ray energy bandwidth. Therefore, extremely high-speed X-ray phase imaging is possible when white synchrotron radiation is used. This approach would advance X-ray phase imaging/tomography from a static observation method to a dynamic one.
(1→6)—β-Glucan Biosynthesis: Potential Targets for Antifungal Drugs (1992)

The fungal cell wall is a complex dynamic organelle involved in a range of cellular processes including osmotic protection, uptake and secretion of macromolecules, vegetative growth, conjugation, and spore formation (see Peberdy, 1989, for a review). The wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae determines the yeast cell shape, and is composed of a variety of polymers, including mannoprotein, chitin, and β-glucans. Because some polysaccharides in the fungal cell wall appear to be absent from mammalian cells, components involved in their biosynthesis have long been seen as potential targets for specific antifungal agents. Here we attempt to review the synthesis of one such polymer class, the (1→6)-β — D-glucans, and explore their potential value as a target for antifungals. In the yeast cell wall, β-glucan is an abundant polymer, with the (1→6)-β-glucan component comprising some 20% of the alkali insoluble glucan and some 3% of the dry weight of the yeast cell. The so-called (1→6)- β-D-glucan is a mixed-linked polymer of approximately 140 to 200 glucose residues that are principally joined through linear (1∙6)-β-linkages (Manners et al., 1973b; Boone et al., 1990), but also contain some linear (1→3)linked residues and some 14% (1→3)-branch points.
Teacher-assessed behavior of children prenatally exposed to cocaine (2001)

SANDLER, ADRIAN D. M.D.Editor(s): TEPLIN, STUART W. M.D., Editor; GRUS, CATHERINE L. Ph.D.; REIFF, MICHAEL I. M.D.
Parenteral Iron Compounds (2006)

Ferric iron (Fe)-carbohydrate complexes are widely used for treating Fe deficiency in patients who are unable to meet their Fe requirements with oral supplements. Intravenous Fe generally is well tolerated and effective in correcting Fe-deficient states. However, the complexing of Fe to carbohydrate polymers does not block its potent pro-oxidant effects; systemic free radical generation and, possibly, tissue damage may result. The purpose of this review is to (1) underscore the capacity of currently used parenteral Fe formulations to induce oxidative stress, (2) compare the severity of these oxidant reactions with those that result from unshielded Fe salts and with each other, and (3) speculate as to the potential of these agents to induce acute renal cell injury and augment systemic inflammatory responses. The experimental data that are reviewed should not be extrapolated to the clinical setting or be used for clinical decision making. Rather, it is hoped that the information provided herein may have utility for clinical hypothesis generation and, hence, future clinical studies. By so doing, a better understanding of Fe's potential protean effects on patients with renal disease may result.
Separate Measurement of Plasma Levels of Acylated and Desacyl Ghrelin in Healthy Subjects Using a New Direct ELISA Assay (2005)

Two forms of ghrelin, acylated and desacyl, circulate in plasma. Although acylation is thought to be essential for ghrelin biological activities, recent studies have suggested that desacyl ghrelin may also possess biological activity. A new commercial ELISA system has now enabled us to measure plasma levels of each of these two ghrelin forms separately. This assay system directly measures levels using small amounts of plasma. To evaluate the utility of this assay system, we measured the plasma levels of the two forms of ghrelin in healthy volunteers. Although acylated ghrelin levels were equivalent to those measured previously by RIA, desacyl ghrelin levels were lower than those expected from the total ghrelin levels previously determined by RIA. The ratios of acylated to desacyl ghrelin significantly correlated with previously determined acylated, but not desacyl, ghrelin levels. After BMI adjustment, the levels of acylated, but not desacyl, ghrelin plasma levels were higher in female subjects than those in males. Several metabolic and hormonal parameters significantly correlated with either plasma acylated or desacyl ghrelin levels. These findings indicate that separate measurements of the two ghrelin form levels may provide valuable information on their structure, gender differences, and physiological implications.
Langmuir-Blodgett Monolayers and Vibrational Spectra of Calix[4]Resorcinarene (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLangmuir-Blodgett Monolayers and Vibrational Spectra of Calix[4]ResorcinareneW. C. Moreira, P. J. Dutton, and R. ArocaCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 11, 4148–4152Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00023a039https://doi.org/10.1021/la00023a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Swept-source based, single-shot, multi-detectable velocity range Doppler optical coherence tomography (2010)

Phase-Resolved Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (PR-DOCT) allows visualization and characterization of the location, direction, velocity, and profile of flow activity embedded in a static sample structure. The detectable Velocity Dynamic Range (VDR) of each particular PR-DOCT system is governed by a detectable Doppler phase shift, a flow angle, and an acquisition time interval used to determine the Doppler phase shift. In general, the lower boundary of the detectable Doppler phase shift is limited by the phase stability of the system, while the upper boundary is limited by the π phase ambiguity. For a given range of detectable Doppler phase shift, shortening the acquisition duration will increase not only the maximum detectable velocity but unfortunately also the minimum detectable velocity, which may lead to the invisibility of a slow flow. In this paper, we present an alternative acquisition scheme for PR-DOCT that extends the lower limit of the velocity dynamic range, while maintaining the maximum detectable velocity, hence increasing the overall VDR of PR-DOCT system. The essence of the approach is to implement a technique of multi-scale measurement to simultaneously acquire multiple VDRs in a single measurement. We demonstrate an example of implementation of the technique in a dual VDR DOCT, where two Doppler maps having different detectable VDRs were simultaneously detected, processed, and displayed in real time. One was a fixed VDR DOCT capable of measuring axial velocity of up to 10.9 mm/s without phase unwrapping. The other was a variable VDR DOCT capable of adjusting its detectable VDR to reveal slow flow information down to 11.3 μm/s. The technique is shown to effectively extend the overall detectable VDR of the PR-DOCT system. Examples of real time Doppler imaging of an African frog tadpole are demonstrated using the dual-VDR DOCT system.
A micro gas preconcentrator with improved performances for environmental monitoring (2009)

This paper presents the optimization of a micro gas preconcentrator applied to environmental monitoring. Different types of adsorbent materials introduced in silicon microchannels with various designs have been investigated and a special focus has been dedicated to the modes of operation of the preconcentrator. The optimization of the device and its operation were driven by its future application in outdoor environments. Parameters such as the preconcentration factor, cycle time and the influence of the humidity were considered along the optimization process. As a result of this study, a preconcentrator with a total cycle time of 10 minutes and the use of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as adsorbent exhibits a good preconcentration factor for VOCs with a limited influence of the humidity.
Next Generation Inverter (2016)

The goal of this Cooperative Agreement was the development of a Next Generation Inverter for General Motors’ electrified vehicles, including battery electric vehicles, range extended electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. The inverter is a critical electronics component that converts battery power (DC) to and from the electric power for the motor (AC).
Modeling T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia induced by the <i>SCL</i> and <i>LMO1</i> oncogenes (2010)

Deciphering molecular events required for full transformation of normal cells into cancer cells remains a challenge. In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), the genes encoding the TAL1/SCL and LMO1/2 transcription factors are recurring targets of chromosomal translocations, whereas NOTCH1 is activated in >50% of samples. Here we show that the SCL and LMO1 oncogenes collaborate to expand primitive thymocyte progenitors and inhibit later stages of differentiation. Together with pre-T-cell antigen receptor (pre-TCR) signaling, these oncogenes provide a favorable context for the acquisition of activating Notch1 mutations and the emergence of self-renewing leukemia-initiating cells in T-ALL. All tumor cells harness identical and specific Notch1 mutations and Tcrbeta clonal signature, indicative of clonal dominance and concurring with the observation that Notch1 gain of function confers a selective advantage to SCL-LMO1 transgenic thymocytes. Accordingly, a hyperactive Notch1 allele accelerates leukemia onset induced by SCL-LMO1 and bypasses the requirement for pre-TCR signaling. Finally, the time to leukemia induced by the three transgenes corresponds to the time required for clonal expansion from a single leukemic stem cell, suggesting that SCL, LMO1, and Notch1 gain of function, together with an active pre-TCR, might represent the minimum set of complementing events for the transformation of susceptible thymocytes.
Physicochemical Changes and Treatments for Lightly Processed Fruits and Vegetables (1989)

Consumer preferences for fruits and vegetables with fresh-like quality and convenience have lead to a new category of foods, called minimally processed or lightly processed fruits and vegetables. Acceptability of lightly processed fruits and vegetables depends upon their flavor, texture and appearance. Lightly processed fruits and vegetables are usually more perishable than the fresh produce from which they are made. To reduce their perishability, lightly processed fruits and vegetables are subjected to a combination of mild processing treatments, which are designed so that their preservative effects are complimentary, and the fresh-like quality of the products remains intact.