gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability Qualification Testing for Permanently Installed Wellbore Equipment (2000)

Abstract Reservoir monitoring and intelligent completions require installation of permanent downhole equipment for use by operations personnel to monitor and control wells with flow-control devices. Reliability qualification testing (RQT) is essential for the success of these systems. This equipment is permanently installed in the severe downhole environment; it is rarely retrieved to surface for analysis, and it is impractical to run long-duration laboratory and field tests to qualify the system for its long lifetime before installation. RQT helps achieve overall system reliability by closing the loop from equipment design, component qualification, and testing to personnel training and field operations. A mission profile provides a realistic basis and framework for the specifications and testing. The challenge is for the entire system to achieve an operational reliability of at least 90% during 5 years or more in the hostile downhole environment at temperatures as high as 150°C and pressures that reach 15,000 psi. Reliability testing identifies weak links, measures progress, and builds confidence to avoid risks and surprises. However, designing and building the special test facilities requires a significant investment and a long-term commitment to run and maintain them. Case histories illustrate the challenges and benefits achieved with the RQT approach. Examples from more than 10 years of experience with downhole safety valves and permanent gauge installations show surprisingly similar reliability and testing problems to those experienced in automotive and aerospace applications. These examples demonstrate how RQT provides an objective set of techniques to develop and deploy reliable long-life systems.
An extrapolation method to determine the effective notch stress in welded joints (2015)

Abstract This paper presents the development of an extrapolation method to estimate the notch stress in welded steel joints, in line with the effective notch stress concept described in the International Institute of Welding guideline. The proposed approach provides a convenient method to determine the local notch stress at the weld toes without the need to model a finite notch radius as required in engineering guidelines, which creates significant modeling challenges in the numerical procedure, especially for 3‐D joints with a complex topology. An experimental study validates the feasibility of this extrapolation method through strain measurements on cruciform joints. The numerical study then investigates two types of welded connections: (1) cruciform joints with full‐penetration welds and (2) tube‐to‐plate joints. The proposed extrapolation method provides accurate effective notch stress estimations on both joint types, compared with the effective notch stress calculated following the mesh requirement in the existing guidelines.
Encrypted video over TETRA (2000)

The Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) system uses end-to-end encryption in addition to the air interface encryption to provide enhanced security. End-to-end encrypted continuous data, such as video, requires synchronisation of the key stream at the receiver to the incoming encrypted data stream from the transmitter. The TETRA system uses a synchronisation technique known as frame stealing to provide synchronisation to end-to-end encrypted data. However, the frame stealing process degrades the quality of video and is not suitable for transmission of secure video. This paper proposes an alternative technique called frame insertion, which is more suitable for video. A technique known as fly wheeling is used to recover from synchronisation problems due to dropped data packets. Further, a method of reducing the synchronisation delay in a video stream is also discussed.
A compositional claim-based component certification procedure (2004)

Component-based software construction is of much interest in software engineering due to its promise of black-box composition and independent deployment. Because of this black-box nature, users of components must be concerned with their trustworthiness, in particular when third parties are involved. Component certification is used to improve trust, usually relating the component to the party that made it. In order to support predictable assembly the certification procedure should also address extra-functional properties. In addition, certificates should remain valid across certain compositions. We present a certification procedure in the context of the ROBOCOP component architecture. We discuss specific requirements, introduce terminology and present a solution.
JS-K, a Glutathione S-Transferase–Activated Nitric Oxide Donor With Antineoplastic Activity in Malignant Gliomas (2011)

Our data show for the first time the potent antiproliferative effect of JS-K in gliomas in vitro and in vivo. These findings warrant further investigation of this novel NO-releasing prodrug in gliomas.
Unified Performance Profiling of an Entire Virtualized Environment (2016)

Performance analysis and troubleshooting of cloud applications are challenging. In particular, identifying the root causes of performance problems is quite difficult. This is because profiling tools based on processor performance counters do not yet work well for an entire virtualized environment, which is the underlying infrastructure in cloud computing. In this work, we explore an approach for unified performance profiling of an entire virtualized environment by sampling only at the virtual machine monitor (VMM) level and applying common-time-based analysis across the entire virtualized environment from a VMM to all guests on a host machine. Our approach involves three parts, each with novel techniques: centralized data sampling at the VMM-level, generation of symbol maps for programs running in both guests and a VMM, and unified analysis of the entire virtualized environment with common time by the host-time-axis. We also describe the design of unified profiling for an entire virtual machine (VM) environment, and we actually implement a unified VM profiler based on hardware performance counters. Finally, our results demonstrate accurate profiling. In addition, we achieved a lower overhead than in a previous study as a result of having no additional context switches by the virtual interrupt injections into the guests during measurement.
Automatic Wavelength Control Method Using Rayleigh Backscattering for WDM-PON with Tunable Lasers (2011)

We demonstrate an automatic wavelength control method using Rayleigh backscattering and wavelength modulation for tunable lasers in a WDM-PON. By measuring the spectrum of backscattered light, we identified and tracked the allocated wavelength.
CELL-MEDIATED LYMPHOLYSIS (1973)

The cell-mediated lympholytic capability of mouse spleen cells stimulated in mixed lymphocyte culture is related to the major histocompatibility complex genotype on target lymphocytes. The strain combinations AQR-B10. T(6R) and B10.A(4R)-B10.A(2R) that result in significant mixed lymphocyte culture activation do not mediate cell-mediated lympholysis on sensitizing target lymphocytes; serologically defined regions (H-2K and H-2D) are identical within each combination. H-2K or H-2D region disparity alone does not cause cell-mediated lympholysis. However after mixed lymphocyte culture activation as seen with B10.A-B10.T(6R), a target cell bearing only an H-2K region difference from the effector cell is sensitive to cell-mediated lympholysis. Likewise an H-2D region difference is an adequate target after mixed lymphocyte culture activation of the effector cell in the combination B10.A(2R)-B10.D2.
The SWISS-PROT protein knowledgebase and its supplement TrEMBL in 2003 (2003)

The SWISS-PROT protein knowledgebase (http://www.expasy.org/sprot/ and http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swissprot/) connects amino acid sequences with the current knowledge in the Life Sciences. Each protein entry provides an interdisciplinary overview of relevant information by bringing together experimental results, computed features and sometimes even contradictory conclusions. Detailed expertise that goes beyond the scope of SWISS-PROT is made available via direct links to specialised databases. SWISS-PROT provides annotated entries for all species, but concentrates on the annotation of entries from human (the HPI project) and other model organisms to ensure the presence of high quality annotation for representative members of all protein families. Part of the annotation can be transferred to other family members, as is already done for microbes by the High-quality Automated and Manual Annotation of microbial Proteomes (HAMAP) project. Protein families and groups of proteins are regularly reviewed to keep up with current scientific findings. Complementarily, TrEMBL strives to comprise all protein sequences that are not yet represented in SWISS-PROT, by incorporating a perpetually increasing level of mostly automated annotation. Researchers are welcome to contribute their knowledge to the scientific community by submitting relevant findings to SWISS-PROT at swiss-prot@expasy.org.
Investigations concerning the cultivation of myxo- and paramyxoviruses on chorioallantoic membrane fragments. Note I. Data on the multiplication of several myxo- and paramyxoviruses. (1981)

Influenza viruses A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) and parainfluenza viruses (Sendai mumps) were cultivated in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) fragments maintained in media with different formulae, with or without daily medium changes, in roller or stationary tubes. Inoculation was performed either directly on CAM fragments in Petri dishes or by dilution of the virus-containing material in the medium. Infectant titers obtained in CAM fragments were similar to those recorded in embryonated eggs at 48 hours post inoculation (p.i.) in the case of influenza virus A(H1N1) and at 72 hours p.i. in that of Sendai and influenza A(H3N2) viruses; at 96 hours p.i. all the three viruses had titers superior to those found in the egg.
A Novel Communication System of High Capacity (2020)

An objective of this article is to design a novel communication system that is capable of offering substantial improvement in channel capacity compared to band-limited (BL) communication systems, when constrained by the same spectral mask. To this end, this article has two contributions. The first contribution is theoretical. It derives the capacity of a time-limited (TL) system across a mask-constrained channel contaminated by interference and by additive white Gaussian noise, where doubling the channel capacity requires only a fixed multiple increase in average received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This is in contrast with BL systems, which require a geometric multiple increase in SNR. The second contribution is practical. It takes advantage of the theory established in the first objective to design a novel TL system. This article shows several designs of the novel system for a centralized multiple access (MA) wireless network, which outperform current MA networks by an order of magnitude, including one design that is shown to meet future 5G specifications without requiring mm-wave bands.
Mantel-Haenszel-Type Inference for Cumulative Odds Ratios with a Stratified Ordinal Response (1996)

This article proposes a Mantel-Haenszel-type estimator of an assumed common cumulative odds ratio in a proportional odds model for an ordinal response with several 2 x c contingency tables. It is useful, for instance, for comparing two treatments on an ordinal response for data from several centers when the data are highly sparse. The estimator has behavior similar to the Mantel-Haenszel estimator of a common odds ratio for several 2 x 2 tables. It is consistent under the ordinary asymptotic framework in which the number of tables is fixed and, unlike the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, also under sparse asymptotics in which the number of tables grows with the sample size. Simulations reveal a considerable difference between it and the ML estimator when each table has few observations. Efficiency comparisons suggest that little efficiency loss occurs compared to the ML estimator when the data are not sparse. Tests and estimators are presented for detecting and handling heterogeneity in the odds ratios, and generalizations are available for stratified r x c contingency tables.
Distension‐evoked motility analysis in human esophagus (2013)

Esophageal muscle properties during peristalsis can be assessed in vivo in terms of mechanical energy output parameters. Butylscopolamine impaired muscle contraction which could be detected as altered contraction parameters. The analysis can be further used as an adjunct tool of the combined manometry and impedance planimetry recordings to derive advanced esophageal motor function parameters for studying the physiological and pathophysiological mechanical consequences of esophageal contractions.
<scp>dl</scp>-α-difluoromethyl[3,4-3H]arginine metabolism in tobacco and mammalian cells. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity after arginase-mediated hydrolysis of <scp>dl</scp>-α-difluoromethylarginine to <scp>dl</scp>-α-difluoromethylornithine (1988)

DL-alpha-Difluoromethylarginine (DFMA) is an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of arginine decarboxylase (ADC) in vitro. DFMA has also been shown to inhibit ADC activities in a variety of plants and bacteria in vivo. However, we questioned the specificity of this inhibitor for ADC in tobacco ovary tissues, since ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was strongly inhibited as well. We now show that [3,4-3H]DFMA is metabolized to DL-alpha-difluoromethyl[3,4-3H]ornithine [( 3,4-3H]DFMO), the analogous mechanism-based inhibitor of ODC, by tobacco tissues in vivo. Both tobacco and mammalian (mouse, bovine) arginases (EC 3.5.3.1) hydrolyse DFMA to DFMO in vitro, suggesting a role for this enzyme in mediating the indirect inhibition of ODC by DFMA in tobacco. These results suggest that DFMA may have other effects, in addition to the inhibition of ADC, in tissues containing high arginase activities. The recent development of potent agmatine-based ADC inhibitors should permit selective inhibition of ADC, rather than ODC, in such tissues, since agmatine is not a substrate for arginase.
Activity of <i>in situ</i> stellate ganglion neurons of dogs recorded extracellularly (1986)

Activity was recorded from 145 neurons in the in situ stellate ganglia of 36 dogs. The activity of 28 of these neurons, most of them located in the ganglia's cranial medial region, was related to the cardiac cycle primarily during systole. The activity of 16 of these cardiovascular-related neurons was modified by gentle mechanical distortion of the superior vena cava (1), heart (4), or thoracic aorta (11). Forty-one of the neurons were modified by respiration, with 17 being phase-locked to the respiratory cycle. Other neurons were activated by gentle mechanical distortion of localized regions of the thoracic wall (21% of all neurons), neck (18%), skin of the left foreleg (10%), or the mediastinum adjacent to the stellate ganglion (3%). Acutely decentralizing the stellate ganglion abolished the spontaneous activity of some, but not all, of these neurons including the respiratory or cardiovascular-related neurons. In the intact or acutely decentralized stellate ganglion, few neurons were activated by single short duration (1-4 ms) stimuli delivered to nerves attached directly or indirectly to the ganglion; however, most were activated by brief high frequency stimuli delivered in trains of 20-200 ms, or by single stimuli lasting 20-200 ms. As most cardiovascular, respiratory, or neck-related neurons in the stellate ganglion were not activated by single brief stimuli delivered to the cardiopulmonary nerves or vagosympathetic trunks, presumably they did not project their axons into the neck or thoracic organs. Thus, they were considered to be interneurons. It is postulated that interneurons in stellate ganglia can be modified by afferent receptors located in tissues of the neck, lungs, heart, or great thoracic vessels, whether the ganglion is intact or acutely decentralized. In addition, neurons in the stellate ganglion can be modified by mechanoreceptors located in the thoracic wall, abdominal wall, foreleg, or adjacent mediastinum. The majority of these neurons are activated by trains of impulses rather than single short duration impulses.
The torsiometer - an instrument for the study of gels considered as elastic solids (1960)

A new instrument has been developed for studying changes in development of structure in the weak hydrogels produced when natural rubber latex from Hevea braziliensis is coagulated. The instrument records on a chart the progressive changes in torque required to give a fixed small value of deformation in an annular sample. The machine can be used for gel systems other than rubber, and may therefore have applications in other fields. Results may be expressed directly as a modulus of rigidity for materials with properties approximating to those of an elastic solid. For visco-elastic materials the modulus is a complex function including viscosity components. The range of sensitivity of the instrument is from 1 to 100,000 dyn/cm2.
Optical second‐harmonic generation study of charge trapping dynamics in HfO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> films on Si(100) (2008)

Abstract Electrostatic‐Field‐Induced Second Harmonic (EFISH) generation is used to characterize laser‐induced charge trapping dynamics in thin HfO 2 films deposited on chemically oxidized P‐type Si(100) substrates. We monitor EFISH generation as a function of time, HfO 2 thickness and post‐deposition annealing (PDA). In as‐deposited films, the results show that electrons and holes are injected and trapped in comparable amounts, but on different time scales. In annealed films, electron dynamics dominate at all times. Quantitative details depend on film thickness. These results show that time‐dependent EFISH generation can provide an in situ , non‐destructive diagnostic of charge trapping in thin high‐ k gate dielectric films. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fast panorama stitching for high-quality panoramic images on mobile phones (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of creating high-resolution and high-quality panoramic images from long image sequences with very different colors and luminance in source images. A fast stitching approach is proposed for combining a set of source images into a panoramic image using little memory, and implemented on mobile phones. In this approach, color correction reduces color differences of source images and balances colors and luminance in the whole image sequence, dynamic programming finds optimal seams in overlapping areas between adjacent images and merges them together, and image blending further smoothens color transitions and hides visible seams and stitching artifacts. A sequential panorama stitching procedure constructs panoramic images. The advantages include fast processing speed using dynamic programming for optimal seam finding, reducing memory needs by using the sequential panorama stitching, and improved quality of image labeling and blending due to the use of color correction. The approach has been tested with different image sequences and it works well on both indoor and outdoor scenes.
Detection of anomalous reactor activity using antineutrino count evolution over the course of a reactor cycle (2011)

This paper analyzes the sensitivity of antineutrino count rate measurements to changes in the fissile content of civil power reactors. Such measurements may be useful in IAEA reactor safeguards applications. We introduce a hypothesis testing procedure to identify statistically significant differences between the antineutrino count rate evolution of a standard “baseline” fuel cycle and that of an anomalous cycle, in which plutonium is removed and replaced with an equivalent fissile worth of uranium. The test would allow an inspector to detect anomalous reactor activity, or to positively confirm that the reactor is operating in a manner consistent with its declared fuel inventory and power level. We show that with a reasonable choice of detector parameters, the test can detect replacement of 82 kg of plutonium in 90 days with 95% probability, while controlling the false positive rate at 5%. We show that some improvement on this level of sensitivity may be obtained by various means, including use of the method in conjunction with existing reactor safeguards methods. We also identify a necessary and sufficient minimum daily antineutrino count rate and a maximum tolerable background rate to achieve the quoted sensitivity, and list examples of detectors in which such rates have been attained.
Extrinsic Evaluation of Automatic Metrics for Summarization (2004)

This paper describes extrinsic-task evaluation of summarization. We show that it is possible to save time using summaries for relevance assessment without adversely impacting the degree of accuracy that would be possible with full documents. In addition, we demonstrate that the extrinsic task we have selected exhibits a high degree of interannotator agreement, i.e., consistent relevance decisions across subjects. We also conducted a composite experiment that better reflects the actual document selection process and found that using a surrogate improves the processing speed over reading the entire document. Finally, we have found a small yet statistically significant correlation between some of the intrinsic measures and a user&apos;s performance in an extrinsic task. The overall conclusion we can draw at this point is that ROUGE-1 does correlate with precision and to a somewhat lesser degree with accuracy, but that it remains to be investigated how stable these correlations are and how differences in ROUGE-1 translate into significant differences in human performance in an extrinsic task.
<title>Visual-information-assisted microphone array processing in a high-noise environment</title> (1998)

A visual information directed microphone array system is presented in this paper. This system uses a real-time mouth tracking system to direct a beam-former focusing on the mouth. The microphone array system is implemented on a PC with a Signalogic 8-channel DSP board and reports a better signal-to-noise ratio sound capturing in a high noise environment.