gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ASK FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL: PART II. RESULTS OF A DESIGN STUDY (1982)

In ‘ ASK for Information Retrieval: Part I ’, we discussed the theory and background to a design study for an information retrieval (IR) system based on the attempt to represent the anomalous states of knowledge (ASKs) underlying information needs. In Part II, we report the methods and results of the design study, and our conclusions.
Ultrasonic studies of silicate melts (1987)

The ultrasonic velocity and absorption of 32 silicate melts have been determined as a function of temperature (1175–1925 K) and frequency (3–12 MHz). The samples include the components SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , FeO, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, Li 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O, Rb 2 O, and Cs 2 O, and range from simple alkali silicates to multicomponent synthetic and natural melts. The relaxed sound speed varies systematically with substitution of the alkali and alkaline earth oxides, decreasing monotonically with increased cation radius. An algorithm for the compositional dependence of the ultrasonic velocity at , where x i,υ is the volume fraction of component i and is independent of composition, is capable of predicting relaxed melt velocities to within 4%. The temperature dependence of the sound speeds in the nondispersive region is quite small, ≈1 part in 10 4 K −1 . A simple linear model for the compositional dependence of the derived property (δ V /δ P ) T has an uncertainty of 13%, approximately equal to that expected from the propagation of errors involving sound speed, density, thermal expansion, and heat capacity. The contributions of the changes in sound speed and density with temperature are nearly the same in their influence on the temperature dependence of the bulk modulus of natural melts. The relaxation properties c / c 0 (ratio of the sound speed to the low‐frequency value) and αλ (absorption per wavelength) of all of the liquids studied are very similar when plotted against ωτ, the product of the angular frequency and the shear relaxation time. Both properties are consistent with τ equal to 1% of the product of the low‐frequency shear viscosity and bulk modulus. Dispersion begins when ωτ ≃ 0.1 and the limiting high‐frequency sound speed c ∞ is about 2.3 times c 0 . The product αλ attains a maximum value of about 1.4 when ωτ ≃ 0.8. The data cannot be explained by a single relaxation time in the melts; rather, a spectrum of relaxation times is indicated.
Bridging and Stuck-At Faults (1974)

The commonly used stuck-at fault fails to model logic circuit shorts. Bridging faults are defined to model these circuit mal-functions. This model is based on wired logic which is a characteristic of many logic families such as resistor-transistor logic (RTL), diode transistor logic (DTL), emitter-coupled logic (ECL), etc. It does not apply to TTL circuits. The model also limits to fan-out-free leads.
IMP: ISP-Managed P2P (2010)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have failed to independently reduce the cost peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic. Traffic- throttling devices increase user download times, and caches store content that may infringe copyright. We propose ISP-Managed P2P (IMP): a transparent peer-discovery service that returns peers favorable to ISPs. Unlike similar services, IMP does not require the direct support of developers who have no incentive to cooperate. This paper covers the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of our IMP prototype, which reduces costly, cross-ISP traffic by eight times without significantly increasing user download times.
Sputter-Deposited Oxides for Interface Passivation of CdTe Photovoltaics (2018)

Commercial CdTe PV modules have polycrystalline thin films deposited on glass, and devices made in this format have exceeded 22% efficiency. Devices made by the authors with a magnesium zinc oxide window layer and tellurium back contact have achieved efficiency over 18%, but these cells still suffer from an open-circuit voltage far below ideal values. Oxide passivation layers made by sputter deposition have the potential to increase voltage by reducing interface recombination. CdTe devices with these passivation layers were studied with photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) to detect an increase in minority carrier lifetime. Because these oxide materials exhibit barriers to carrier collection, micropatterning was used to expose small point contacts while still allowing interface passivation. TRPL decay lifetimes have been greatly enhanced for thin polycrystalline absorber films with interface passivation. Device performance was measured and current collection was mapped spatially by light-beam-induced current.
Sleep-promoting effects of muramyl peptides. (1982)

A muramyl peptide that induces excess slow-wave sleep in rats, rabbits, and cats has recently been isolated from human urine. We now report that synthetic acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine ("muramyl dipeptide") and its lysyl derivative (acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyllysine) can mimic the somnogenic effects of the natural peptide. Both compounds are also pyrogenic and may cause other disturbances of autonomic function. The pyrogenic effects of intravenously administered muramyl dipeptide can be suppressed by previous treatment with acetaminophen without blocking the sleep-promoting effects.
Fractal dimension analysis on pore structure of artificial cores using magnetic resonance imaging (2012)

Fractal theory, which builds a bridge between micro-morphology and macro-performance, is an effective method for characterizing the complexity of pore-structure which has irregularity. In this paper, the fractal dimension calculated by box-counting method based on fractal theory is applied to characterizing the pore structure. The microstructure or pore distribution in porous materials is obtained by using the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Four artificial cores (R1, R3, R4, and R5) are selected as the experimental materials to investigate the relationship between porosity, permeability of artificial cores and fractal dimension. The results indicate that the fractal dimension can be used to distinguish the different kinds of artificial cores. Furthermore, the relationship between porosity, permeability and fractal dimension can be expressed by the model of D = a - bln(x + c).
Debating sociomateriality: entanglements, imbrications, disentangling, and agential cuts (2012)

Sociomateriality is on everyone's lips these days. Since Orlikowski (2006; 2007; 2009), together with Scott (Orlikowski and Scott 2008; Scott and Orlikowski 2009) first introduced this term in organisation studies and in information systems (IS) research, we count an impressive number of contributions on this topic along with calls for papers in renowned journals and conferences. Without going so far as to propose sociomateriality as the defining identity of the IS field, as suggested by Hassan and Hovorka (2011), we acknowledge that this new lens offers a way of challenging and expanding the prevailing modus operandi of the theoretical foundations of the relationships between artefacts and agency, technology and practice. This is well expressed by Cecez-Kecmanovic et al. (2010) who argue that sociomateriality can help us question and rethink 'the supposed ontological separation among the social and the technological.'
The Preparation of Indoles from Diazo Ketones<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Indoles from Diazo Ketones1C. E. BLADES and A. L. WILDSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 9, 1013–1021Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01115a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Alteration of Neuronal Firing Properties after<i>In Vivo</i>Experience in a FosGFP Transgenic Mouse (2004)

Identifying the cells and circuits that underlie perception, behavior, and learning is a central goal of contemporary neuroscience. Although techniques such as lesion analysis, functional magnetic resonance imaging, 2-deoxyglucose studies, and induction of gene expression have been helpful in determining the brain areas responsible for particular functions, these methods are technically limited. Currently, there is no method that allows for the identification and electrophysiological characterization of individual neurons that are associated with a particular function in living tissue. We developed a strain of transgenic mice in which the expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is controlled by the promoter of the activity-dependent gene c-fos. These mice enable an in vivo or ex vivo characterization of the cells and synapses that are activated by particular pharmacological and behavioral manipulations. Cortical and subcortical fosGFP expression could be induced in a regionally restricted manner after specific activation of neuronal ensembles. Using the fosGFP mice to identify discrete cortical areas, we found that neurons in sensory-spared areas rapidly regulate action potential threshold and spike frequency to decrease excitability. This method will enhance our ability to study the way neuronal networks are activated and changed by both experience and pharmacological manipulations. In addition, because activated neurons can be functionally characterized, this tool may enable the development of better pharmaceuticals that directly affect the neurons involved in disease states.
Primary structure of bovine cathepsin S Comparison to cathepsins L, H, B and papain (1991)

The primary structure of bovine cathepsin S was determined by combining results of protein and peptide sequencing with the sequence deduced from nucleic acid sequencing. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, cDNA clones commencing at amino acid 22 of the mature enzyme and continuing through the 3' untranslated region of bovine cathepsin S mRNA were isolated and sequenced. The open reading frame in these overlapping clones correctly predicts the determined amino acid sequence of 13 tryptic peptides derived from purified bovine spleen cathepsin S. The deduced amino acid sequence shows that mature bovine cathepsin S consists of 217 amino acids corresponding to a molecular weight of 23.7 kDa. Cathepsin S belongs to the papain superfamily of lysosomal cysteine proteinases and shares 41% identity with papain. Amino acid sequence identities of bovine cathepsin S to human cathepsins L, H, and B are 56%, 47% and 31% respectively.
Spectrophotometric determination of polyquaternium-1 with trypan blue by a difference procedure (1987)

A spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of polyquaternium-1 in a pharmaceutical solution. This method is based on a bathochromic shift of the trypan blue absorption which occurs when it is complexed with polyquaternium-1. The difference in absorption is measured at 680 nm with an apparent average molar absorptivity of 1.5 × 105 l mol–1 cm–1. Linearity is observed over the range 5–15 µg ml–1.
Optimal Hatch Filter with an Adaptive Smoothing Time Based on SBAS (2014)

The Hatch filter is a code-smoothing technique using integrated carrier phase observations. It is an averaging filter that can smooth pseudorange measurements with continuous carrier phase. It is well known that if the smoothing window is an averaging constant, the filter diverges because of opposite signs of the ionospheric error in the code pseudorange and carrier phase. To solve the problem, this paper suggests a new algorithm for the optimal Hatch filter whose smoothing window width varies adaptively depending on the ionospheric delay variation and the satellite elevation. We use the ionosphere mesh model of the SBAS to calculate the ionosphere delay variation. Based a single day's GPS data, the position accuracy of the pseudorange using optimal Hatch filter outperforms both the pseudorange calculation using classical Hatch filter and the pseudorange calculation without smoothing.
In vivo targeting of inducible NO synthase with oligodeoxynucleotides protects rat kidney against ischemia. (1996)

Gene products of all three distinct nitric oxide synthases are present in the mammalian kidney. This mosaic topography of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms probably reflects distinct functional role played by each enzyme. While nitric oxide (NO) is cytotoxic to isolated renal tubules, inhibition of NO production in vivo invariably results in the aggravation of renal dysfunction in various models of acute renal failure. We reasoned that the existing ambiguity on the role of nitric oxide in acute renal failure is in part due to the lack of selective NOS inhibitors. Phosphorothioated derivatives of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting a conserved sequence within the open reading frame of the cDNA encoding the inducible NOS (iNOS) were designed to produce a selective knock-down of this enzyme. In vivo use of these antisense constructs attenuated acute renal failure in rats subjected to renal ischemia. This effect was due, at least in part, to the rescue of tubular epithelium from lethal injury. Application of antisense constructs did not affect endothelial NOS, as evidenced by a spared NO release after the infusion of bradykinin during in vivo monitoring with an NO-selective microelectrode. In conclusion, the data provide direct evidence for the cytotoxic effects of NO produced via iNOS in the course of ischemic acute renal failure, and offer a novel method to selectively prevent the induction of this enzyme.
Rho-associated Kinase Directly Induces Smooth Muscle Contraction through Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation (1997)

Small GTPase Rho plays pivotal roles in the Ca2+ sensitization of smooth muscle. However, the GTP-bound active form of Rho failed to exert Ca2+-sensitizing effects in extensively Triton X-100-permeabilized smooth muscle preparations, due to the loss of the important diffusible cofactor (Gong, M. C., Iizuka, K., Nixon, G. , Browne, J. P., Hall, A., Eccleston, J. F., Sugai, M., Kobayashi, S. , Somlyo, A. V., and Somlyo, A. P. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 1340-1345). Here we demonstrate the contractile effects of Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase), recently identified as a putative target of Rho, on the Triton X-100-permeabilized smooth muscle of rabbit portal vein. Introduction of the constitutively active form of Rho-kinase into the cytosol of Triton X-100-permeabilized smooth muscle provoked a contraction and a proportional increase in levels of monophosphorylation of myosin light chain in both the presence and the absence of cytosolic Ca2+. These effects of constitutively active Rho-kinase were wortmannin (a potent myosin light chain kinase inhibitor)-insensitive. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the amount of native Rho-kinase was markedly lower in Triton X-100-permeabilized tissue than in intact tissue. Our results demonstrate that Rho-kinase directly modulates smooth muscle contraction through myosin light chain phosphorylation, independently of the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase pathway.
Polyphosphate kinase is essential for biofilm development, quorum sensing, and virulence of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2000)

The human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a variety of infections in immunocompromised hosts and in individuals with cystic fibrosis. A knockout mutation in the polyphosphate kinase (ppk) gene, encoding PPK responsible for the synthesis of inorganic polyphosphate from ATP, renders P. aeruginosa cells unable to form a thick and differentiated biofilm. The mutant is aberrant in quorum sensing and responses in that production of the quorum-sensing controlled virulence factors elastase and rhamnolipid are severely reduced. In a burned-mouse pathogenesis model, the virulence of the mutant is greatly reduced with severe defects in the colonization of mouse tissues. The conservation of PPK among many bacterial pathogens and its absence in eukaryotes suggest that PPK might be an attractive target for antimicrobial drugs.
Mutational analysis of selected genes in the TGFbeta, Wnt, pRb, and p53 pathways in primary uveal melanoma. (2002)

Most primary uveal melanomas do not appear to contain somatic mutations in Smad4, TGFbetaR2, p14(ARF), p15(INK4B), p16(INK4A), or beta-catenin. However, methylation of the p16(INK4A) promoter and loss of heterozygosity of the p14(ARF)-p16(INK4A) locus occurs in some tumors.
An Improved Algorithm For Approximate String Matching (1990)

Given a text string, a pattern string, and an integer k, a new algorithm for finding all occurrences of the pattern string in the text string with at most k differences is presented. Both its theoretical and practical variants improve upon the known algorithms.
Corpus-Based Analysis on Cross-Domain Experiments in Classification-and-Ranking Generation (2010)

Problem statement: Overgeneration-and-ranking architecture works well in written language where sentence is the basic unit. However, in spoken language where utterance is the basic unit, the disadvantage becomes critical as spoken language also render intentions, hence short strings may be of equivalent impact. Approach: In classification-and-ranking, response was deliberately chosen from dialogue corpus rather than wholly generated, such that it allows short ungrammatical utterances as long as they satisfy the intended meaning of input utterance. Because the architecture is intention-based, it adopted an open-domain knowledge representation, whereby response utterances were semantically represented using some ontology general enough for future reuse in another domain.
Broadband Radial Waveguide Spatial Combiner (2008)

A broadband eight-way spatial combiner using coaxial probes and radial waveguides has been proposed and designed. The simple electromagnetic modeling for the radial waveguide power divider/combiner has been developed using equivalent-circuit method. The measured 10-dB return loss and 1-dB insertion loss bandwidth of this waveguide spatial combiner are all demonstrated to be about 8 GHz.
Murein Lipoprotein, Peptidoglycan‐Associated Lipoprotein, and Outer Membrane Protein A Are Present in Purified Rough and Smooth Lipopolysaccharides (2003)

Purified lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) have been used for many decades to gain insight into processes that occur during sepsis. Previous studies indicate that purified LPSs often contain trace protein contaminants. To identify protein contaminants of LPSs, we performed immunoblotting using, as antigen, purified LPS from various species of bacteria and, as primary antibodies, anti-murein lipoprotein (MLP), peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL), and outer membrane protein A (OmpA). MLP, PAL, and/or OmpA were detected in 10 of the 13 LPS preparations and were present in LPS from rough and smooth bacteria. PAL and MLP have been reported to stimulate inflammation. The studies indicate that PAL and MLP are common contaminants of purified LPS and raise the possibility that these contaminants may influence results of studies performed using purified LPS.
Knowledge Bus: Generating Application-focused Databases from Large Ontologies. (1998)

As well as being useful for semantic integration of information systems, large shared ontologies may be applied as specifications for new systems. In this paper we discuss the design of Knowledge Bus, a system which generates information systems - databases and programming interfaces - from application-focused subsets of a large ontology (Cyc). The generated systems are semantically interoperable at the level of their shared representations. In addition, constraints and axioms contained in the ontological specification are encapsulated in the generated systems by an object-oriented (Java) API. This API makes the databases easily accessible to application programmers while preserving the intended semantics of the ontology. 1 Introduction The use of a shared vocabulary or ontology to enable semantic interoperability of existing databases and other software is gaining acceptance. Even greater benefits can be achieved by using the same ontologies as formal specifications for new systems....
Monolithic nullor-a universal active network element (1977)

The design of a monolithic integrated nullor is described. It is a universal active element with floating input and output ports and with large internal gain. The element consists of a differential input stage, a symmetrical level shift stage, and a differential output stage. In the latter stage the collectors of a long-tailed transistor pair function as a pair of connected vessels for the output currents at high common-mode output impedance. This gives the output port its floating character. The element is capable of conveying a potential from one input terminal to the other input terminal and a current from one input terminal to the other output terminal at an accurate unity gain. The total inaccuracy of these operations is in the order of 2/spl times/10/SUP 4/ at signal voltage levels of 1 V and 1 mA. The element has a bandwidth of 25 MHz and can handle maximum signal values of 10 V and 1 mA. The availability of such universal active elements makes it possible to minimize the number of active elements and passive precision elements in implementation of analog system functions.
ORAL STEROID MEDICATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS* (1950)

THE therapeutic efficacy of pregnenolone in rheumatoid arthritis has already been described in several publications and has been well summarized in a recent article by Henderson, Weinberg and Wright (1). Of the various reports, only one has been completely unfavorable—that of Guest, Kammerer, Cecil and Berson (2). In all these studies pregnenolone was administered by intramuscular injection and was beneficially effective in about half of the patients. A similar result was noted by us (3) in a previous experience with 30 patients treated solely by oral medication, of whom 15 showed major improvement, 11 minor improvement and 4 no improvement. Our results with oral medication encouraged. us to continue the study, so that the present paper deals with a total of 64 cases. The patients showed definite evidence of rheumatoid arthritis according to the standards of the New York Rheumatism Association as presented in the article by Steinbrocker, Traeger and Batterman (4). In the evluation of the data, the patients were classified according to the degree of progression of the disease (stages I to IV, ranging from slight osteoporosis to bone destruction and ankylosis), by the amount of limitation of functional activity (classes I to IV, ranging from no limitation to total incapacity), and finally by the response to therapy (grades I to IV, ranging from remission ro unimprovement).