gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer From an Open- or Closed-Bore Cylinder Situated Longitudinal to a Freestream (1987)

Wind tunnel experiments were performed to determine the local response of the heat transfer at the outer surface of a longitudinal cylinder to geometry-related differences in the pattern of fluid flow. Among the three investigated configurations, one was a cylinder with an open bore through which fluid could pass, while in the second the bore was closed at its downstream end, creating an upstream-open-ended cavity. In the third configuration, the upstream face of the cylinder was impenetrable and blunt. The Reynolds number ranged from 7700 to 47,000. For all cases, the axial distribution of the Nusselt number was characterized by an initial increase, followed by the attainment of a maximum and a monotonic decrease, reflecting the occurrence of flow separation and of post-reattachment boundary layer development. The magnitude and location of the maximum were configuration dependent, with that for the open configuration being highest and occurring first, and that for the blunt face configuration being lowest and occurring last; the cavity configuration gave intermediate results. Upstream of the maxima, the Nusselt numbers were arranged in the same order as at the maximum, with a configuration-related spread of 50 percent. Well downstream of the maxima, the ordering was reversed and the spread was in the 5 percent range. Tight, configuration-independent correlations were achieved both for the maximum Nusselt number and for the Nusselt numbers in the downstream region.
X (2013)

X-inefficiencies: the concept of X-inefficiency was introduced by Harvey Leibenstein (1978) as a measure of the distance between a firm’s actual production behavior and a perfectly competitive firm’s technically efficient choice. X-inefficiencies are sustainable only in imperfectly competitive markets, in which there is a lack of competitive pressure. In perfect competition, X-inefficiency may arise in the short run, but it will disappear in the long run under the effect of competition. Potential market entrants are willing to employ the most efficient production technology to realize a profit, and thereby increase competition, driving all firms to produce efficiently. However, under imperfect competition, X-inefficiency may persist, leading firms to adopt inefficient production techniques and realize positive profits. A monopolist producing below the efficient scale of production distorts production below the perfectly competitive level of output, and enables X-inefficiency to surface. Since it is limited to the estimation of production inefficiencies, the concept of X-inefficiency does not capture other factors that may lead to economic inefficiency, such as market failures. See also imperfect competition.
Urinary metabolites of DL-methadone in maintenance subjects (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUrinary metabolites of DL-methadone in maintenance subjectsHugh R. Sullivan and Susan L. DueCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 8, 909–913Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00266a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00266a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spatio-temporal Action Recognition: A Survey (2019)

The task of action recognition or action detection involves analyzing videos and determining what action or motion is being performed. The primary subject of these videos are predominantly humans performing some action. However, this requirement can be relaxed to generalize over other subjects such as animals or robots. The applications can range from anywhere between human-computer inter-action to automated video editing proposals. When we consider spatiotemporal action recognition, we deal with action localization. This task not only involves determining what action is being performed but also when and where itis being performed in said video. This paper aims to survey the plethora of approaches and algorithms attempted to solve this task, give a comprehensive comparison between them, explore various datasets available for the problem, and determine the most promising approaches.
High-speed photogrammetry system for measuring the kinematics of insect wings (2006)

We describe and characterize an experimental system to perform shape measurements on deformable objects using high-speed close-range photogrammetry. The eventual application is to extract the kinematics of several marked points on an insect wing during tethered and hovering flight. We investigate the performance of the system with a small number of views and determine an empirical relation between the mean pixel error of the optimization routine and the position error. Velocity and acceleration are calculated by numerical differencing, and their relation to the position errors is verified. For a field of view of approximately 40 mm x 40 mm, a rms accuracy of 30 mum in position, 150 mm/s in velocity, and 750 m/s2 in acceleration at 5000 frames/s is achieved. This accuracy is sufficient to measure the kinematics of hoverfly flight.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 Expression Induces Hepatocyte Resistance to Cell Death from Oxidative Stress (2002)

Increased expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) occurs in alcoholic liver disease, and leads to the hepatocellular generation of toxic reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). Oxidative stress created by CYP2E1 overexpression may promote liver cell injury by sensitizing hepatocytes to oxidant-induced damage from Kupffer cell-produced ROI or cytokines. To determine the effect of CYP2E1 expression on the hepatocellular response to injury, stably transfected hepatocytes expressing increased (S-CYP15) and decreased (AN-CYP10) levels of CYP2E1 were generated from the rat hepatocyte line RALA255-10G. S-CYP15 cells had increased levels of CYP2E1 as demonstrated by Northern blot analysis, immunoblotting, catalytic activity, and increased cell sensitivity to death from acetaminophen. Death in S-CYP15 cells was significantly decreased relative to that in AN-CYP10 cells following treatment with hydrogen peroxide and the superoxide generator menadione. S-CYP15 cells underwent apoptosis in response to these ROI, whereas AN-CYP10 cells died by necrosis. This differential sensitivity to ROI-induced cell death was partly explained by markedly decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) in AN-CYP10 cells. However, chemically induced GSH depletion triggered cell death in S-CYP15 but not AN-CYP10 cells. Increased expression of CYP2E1 conferred hepatocyte resistance to ROI-induced cytotoxicity, which was mediated in part by GSH. However, CYP2E1 overexpression left cells vulnerable to death from GSH depletion.
Silicon CWDM Demultiplexers Using Contra-Directional Couplers (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate ultra-compact (<0.008mm2), 4-channel CWDM demultiplexers using silicon photonic contra-directional couplers. Flat-top passbands of 10nm, insertion loss of lower than 1dB, and crosstalk of -20dB have been obtained.
Uptake of albumin nanoparticle surface modified with glycyrrhizin by primary cultured rat hepatocytes (2005)

A binding site of GL is present on the surface of rat hepatocytes, BSA-NP-GL may be internalized via this site by hepatocytes and can be used as a drug carrier for active targeting of delivery drugs to hepatocytes.
PI(4)P Promotes Phosphorylation and Conformational Change of Smoothened through Interaction with Its C-terminal Tail (2016)

In Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, binding of Hh to the Patched-Interference Hh (Ptc-Ihog) receptor complex relieves Ptc inhibition on Smoothened (Smo). A longstanding question is how Ptc inhibits Smo and how such inhibition is relieved by Hh stimulation. In this study, we found that Hh elevates production of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P). Increased levels of PI(4)P promote, whereas decreased levels of PI(4)P inhibit, Hh signaling activity. We further found that PI(4)P directly binds Smo through an arginine motif, which then triggers Smo phosphorylation and activation. Moreover, we identified the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (Gprk2) as an essential component for enriching PI(4)P and facilitating Smo activation. PI(4)P also binds mouse Smo (mSmo) and promotes its phosphorylation and ciliary accumulation. Finally, Hh treatment increases the interaction between Smo and PI(4)P but decreases the interaction between Ptc and PI(4)P, indicating that, in addition to promoting PI(4)P production, Hh regulates the pool of PI(4)P associated with Ptc and Smo.
Design and Realization of DC Motor Speed Measurement and Control Based on an Electromagnetic Sensor (2015)

The design uses the electromagnetic sensor for measuring the speed of DC motor, using 89C52 SCM and Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) software design of the control system for speed control of DC motor for the ratio of air and by the LCD display circuit shows the value of speed, the drive to control the speed of DC motor using L298 and start and stop. The design is simple and reliable, easy realization, low cost, has important application value for all kinds of new intelligent household appliances.
Complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of human and murine preprocathepsin L. An abundant transcript induced by transformation of fibroblasts. (1988)

Transfection of an activated rat oncogene into NIH3T3 fibroblasts leads to transformation and induction of a metastatic phenotype. To identify genes whose activation might mediate these processes, we used a differential screening strategy. A 1.5-kb transcript is induced fiftyfold, constitutes 1% of ras transformed cell messenger RNA (mRNA) and is the most abundantly induced message in these cells. Our sequence data shows that it encodes murine cathepsin L, a potent collagenolytic and elastinolytic lysosomal enzyme. The murine clone was used to isolate human cathepsin L complementary DNA (cDNA) clones. The complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of human and murine preprocathepsin L are presented and compared to other papain family cysteine proteinases. Northern analysis shows that both human and murine cathepsin L probes hybridize to a 1.5-kb transcript in several tissues, but also to a 4-kb transcript in human kidney. These clones will facilitate studies of the structure, expression, and function of cathepsin L, including its unexpected upregulation in transformation.
Molecular cloning, identification and ranscriptional analysis of genes involved in acetate utilization in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (1988)

Four Neurospora crassa genomic clones have been selected as hybridizing much more strongly to labelled mRNA isolated from acetate-grown mycelium than to mRNA from sucrose-grown mycelium. Hybridization of restriction fragments with acetate-specific mRNA or cDNA has been used to delimit the transcribed region(s) of each clone. The transcription of all four clones is strongly induced by transfer of growing mycelium from sucrose to acetate as sole carbon source. In wild-type mycelium, mRNAs corresponding to the four clones reach maximum levels after four hours of induction. They accumulate more rapidly and reach higher levels in an acetate non-utilizing mutant, acu-7, which has been found to overproduce enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle and to have a partial block in the TCA cycle. Molecular transformation of a Neurospora acu-5 mutant and of an Aspergillus nidulans acuE mutant by DNA of clone 2 and clone 1, respectively, strongly suggests that clone 2 codes for acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase and that clone 1 codes for malate synthase. The transcribed segments of clones 1 and 2 each hybridize to corresponding clones from Aspergillus nidulans (R. A. Sandeman and M. J. Hynes, personal communication).
A single-pass, in-situ planarization process utilizing TEOS for double-poly, double-metal CMOS technologies (2003)

A planarization technique utilizing in situ etching of TEOS-based CVD oxide is presented. The process includes TEOS/O/sub 2/-based PECVD oxide, TEOS/O/sub 3/-based LPCVD oxide, Ar/sup +/ sputter etching, and CF/sub 4/-based reactive ion etching, all in a single pumpdown. This planarization process has been successfully used to fabricate advanced double-poly double-metal circuits on 0.8- mu m CMOS technologies. E-test structures indicate low via resistance (0.15 Omega /via) and the absence of any metal opens or shorts. Custom-designed defect monitors show extremely low defect densities for both vias and metal. Comparison of die yields for the new in situ TEOS-etchback process and an SOG-etchback process indicates that much higher yields can be obtained by the use of the new process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective adherence of a sucralfate—tetracycline complex to gastric ulcers: Implications for the treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (1995)

The adherence of a sucralfate-tetracycline complex to gastric ulcers and to nearby non-ulcer sites was determined in the rabbit antrum. Persistent gastric ulcers were produced by a previously described method. The presence of the complex was assessed 1 and 4 h after dosing. Drug adherence was determined by quantitation of aluminum in stomach wall biopsies. Significantly more aluminum adhered to ulcer sites than to nearby non-ulcer sites. Adherence of the complex did not significantly decrease from 1 to 4 h. The complexation of tetracycline to sucralfate did not alter the selective adherence of sucralfate to gastric ulcers, providing a mechanism of ulcer site-selective drug delivery in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori gastric ulcer disease.
Individualization of Gasoline Samples by Covariance Mapping and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (2007)

A set of 10 fresh (unevaporated) gasoline samples from a single metropolitan area were differentiated based on a covariance mapping method combined with a t-test statistic. The covariance matrix for each sample was calculated from the retention time-ion abundance data set obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Distance metrics were calculated between the covariance matrices from replicate analyses of the same sample and between the replicate analyses of different samples. The distance metric for the same-sample comparisons were shown to constitute a population significantly different from the distance metric for the different-sample comparisons. A power analysis was performed to estimate the number of analyses needed to discriminate between two samples while maintaining a probability of type II error, beta, below 1%, e.g., a test power greater than 99%. Triplicate analyses of two gasoline samples was shown to be sufficient to discriminate between the two using a t-test, while keeping beta<0.01 at a significance level, alpha, of 0.05. Analysis of the 45 possible pairwise comparisons between samples found that 100% of the samples were statistically distinguishable, and no type II errors occurred. Blind tests were conducted wherein 2 of the 10 gasoline samples where presented as unknowns. One of the unknowns was found to be indistinguishable from the original source, and one unknown was determined to be statistically different from the original source, constituting a type I error. The effects of evaporation on sample comparison are not addressed in this paper. The results from this study demonstrate a statistically acceptable method of physical evidence comparison in forensic casework.
Targeting the endocannabinoid system with cannabinoid receptor agonists: pharmacological strategies and therapeutic possibilities (2012)

Human tissues express cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors that can be activated by endogenously released 'endocannabinoids' or exogenously administered compounds in a manner that reduces the symptoms or opposes the underlying causes of several disorders in need of effective therapy. Three medicines that activate cannabinoid CB(1)/CB(2) receptors are now in the clinic: Cesamet (nabilone), Marinol (dronabinol; Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC)) and Sativex (Δ(9)-THC with cannabidiol). These can be prescribed for the amelioration of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (Cesamet and Marinol), stimulation of appetite (Marinol) and symptomatic relief of cancer pain and/or management of neuropathic pain and spasticity in adults with multiple sclerosis (Sativex). This review mentions several possible additional therapeutic targets for cannabinoid receptor agonists. These include other kinds of pain, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, cancer, drug dependence, glaucoma, autoimmune uveitis, osteoporosis, sepsis, and hepatic, renal, intestinal and cardiovascular disorders. It also describes potential strategies for improving the efficacy and/or benefit-to-risk ratio of these agonists in the clinic. These are strategies that involve (i) targeting cannabinoid receptors located outside the blood-brain barrier, (ii) targeting cannabinoid receptors expressed by a particular tissue, (iii) targeting upregulated cannabinoid receptors, (iv) selectively targeting cannabinoid CB(2) receptors, and/or (v) adjunctive 'multi-targeting'.
THE SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF COMPLEMENTARY RNA (1962)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Finger ring device for tactile sensing and human machine interface (2007)

We propose a new tactile device which measures multi-DOF vibrations exerted on the proximal phalanx. In this paper, two kinds of applications for the device are discussed. One application is "virtual buttons" assigned on a finger. The idea is to estimate the location of contact on the user's finger by utilizing the features of multi-DOF vibrations measured at the root of the finger. The other application is to use the finger ring device as a pointing device. Our strategy for obtaining the position of the finger from the output of the accelerometer is to integrate the acceleration only when the finger is being rubbed on the textured surface to avoid error accumulation. As an experiment for "virtual buttons", the accelerations were exerted by tapping the distal and middle phalanx and the features of the obtained accelerations were examined. A preliminary experiment for the pointing device is also discussed.
Recursive Dynamically Variable Step Search Motion Estimation Algorithm for High Definition Video (2010)

For High Definition (HD) video formats, computational complexity of Full Search (FS) Motion Estimation (ME) algorithm is prohibitively high, whereas the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio obtained by fast search ME algorithms is low. Therefore, in this paper, we propose Recursive Dynamically Variable Step Search (RDVSS) ME algorithm for real-time processing of HD video formats. RDVSS algorithm dynamically determines the search patterns that will be used for each Macro block (MB) based on the motion vectors of its spatial and temporal neighboring MBs. RDVSS performs very close to FS by searching much fewer search locations than FS and it outperforms successful fast search ME algorithms by searching more search locations than these algorithms. In addition, RDVSS algorithm can be efficiently implemented by a reconfigurable systolic array based ME hardware.
Adaptation of the charge pumping technique to gated p-i-n diodes fabricated on silicon on insulator (1991)

The charge pumping technique was applied to MOS p-i-n diodes and used to characterize silicon-on-insulator films synthesized by oxygen implantation. The flatband and threshold voltages, effective channel length, capture cross sections, and densities of traps at the front and back interfaces were extracted. The parameters of the charge pumping phenomenon were systematically studied, and the ranges of validity are discussed. A parasitic component, due to an excess recombination of mobile carriers, occurs for very short transients during both the rise and fall of the gate pulse. It is demonstrated that the carrier reservoirs situated at the back interface play a significant role. Other specific features related to the dual-gate operation and interface coupling in silicon-on-insulator films are presented. An improved model is developed for the interpretation of the interface state profile in the energy gap.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulsed-Plasma Physical Vapor Deposition Approach Toward the Facile Synthesis of Multilayer and Monolayer Graphene for Anticoagulation Applications (2016)

We demonstrate the growth of multilayer and single-layer graphene on copper foil using bipolar pulsed direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering of a graphite target in pure argon atmosphere. Single-layer graphene (SG) and few-layer graphene (FLG) films are deposited at temperatures ranging from 700 °C to 920 °C within <30 min. We find that the deposition and post-deposition annealing temperatures influence the layer thickness and quality of the graphene films formed. The films were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical transmission spectroscopy techniques. Based on the above studies, a diffusion-controlled mechanism was proposed for the graphene growth. A single-step whole blood assay was used to investigate the anticoagulant activity of graphene surfaces. Platelet adhesion, activation, and morphological changes on the graphene/glass surfaces, compared to bare glass, were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy and SEM techniques. We have found significant suppression of the platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation on the graphene-covered surfaces, compared to the bare glass, indicating the anticoagulant activity of the deposited graphene films. Our production technique represents an industrially relevant method for the growth of SG and FLG for various applications including the biomedical field.
Effects of pentachlorophenol and some of its known and possible metabolites on different species of bacteria (1987)

The antibacterial activity of pentachlorophenol and 35 of its known or possible metabolites against 30 different species of bacteria was tested. In comparison with pentachlorophenol, no increase of inhibitory activity was found for any of the chlorinated anisoles tested (except for pentachloroanisole against Streptomyces spp.), 2-chlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, 2,3,6- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, tetrachloro-1,4- and -1,3-benzenediol (except for the 1,3-isomer against Streptomyces spp.), tetrachloro-1,3-dimethoxybenzene, and tetrachloro-1,3-benzenediol diacetate. Two chlorophenols, five dichlorophenols, four trichlorophenols, two tetrachlorophenols, and tetrachloro-1,2-benzenediol were more active than pentachlorophenol against some, but not all, of the strains tested.