gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interrelationships between the concentrations of total condensed tannin, free condensed tannin and lignin in <i>Lotus</i> sp. and their possible consequences in ruminant nutrition (1986)

Abstract Interrelationships between the concentrations of total condensed tannin (TCT), free condensed tannin (FCT) and lignin were studied to gain knowledge of how to manipulate nutritive value of fresh herbages containing condensed tannins fed to ruminants. FCT was defined as condensed tannin not bound by macerates of fresh plants, with both FCT and TCT being determined with vanillin HCl. Effects of spraying lotus with polyethylene glycol (mol. wt 3350; PEG) upon the relationship between FCT and TCT was also studied. Increasing soil nutrient and climatic stress caused large and similar increases in the concentrations of TCT and of lignin. Over the range 0–90 g kg −1 DM, 10% of TCT in Lotus sp. was detected as FCT, with increments in TCT above 90 g kg −1 DM being released almost entirely as FCT. PEG formed much stronger chemical bonds with condensed tannins than did plant proteins, and did not release FCT; consequently PEG application reduced the concentration of condensed tannin that was detectable with vanillin HCl. After disintegration of plant material, it is proposed that most condensed tannin is bound and co‐precipitated as an insoluble complex with protein, that FCT is in equilibrium with this complex, and that bound and free tannin are indices of nutritionally beneficial and detrimental effects produced by condensed tannins in fresh forages eaten by ruminants. It was concluded that growing Lotus pedunculatus under conditions of stress leads to depressions in nutritive value through simultaneously increasing concentrations of lignin and FCT, both of which depress rumen carbohydrate digestion and voluntary intake, and that treatment with PEG offers a convenient method of separating effects due to condensed tannins from other factors influencing nutritive value.
[Effects of schizandrol A on monoamine neurotransmitters in the central nervous system]. (1991)

Schizandrol A (2',3',4',1",2",3"-hexamethoxy-6, 7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-dibenzo-1,3-cyclooctadien-6-ol) is one of the effective components in the dried fruit of Schizandra chinensis Bail. Previous studies have found that schizandrol A exerts inhibitory effects on the central nervous system (CNS). For the purpose of elucidating the mechanism of inhibition, the concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in rat brain and the effects of schizandrol A on some receptors were determined by the ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection method and competitive binding assay. In the neurotransmitter studies, significant elevations of dopamine and its metabolite DOPAC (in striatum) and DA (in hypothalamus) were observed after i.p. administration of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of schizandrol A. But the receptor binding experiments showed that schizandrol A had no affinity for dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. Serotonin receptors and alpha 1-,alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, and it did not affect the binding of dopamine to dopamine D1 or D2 receptors. These results indicate that the inhibition exerted by schizandrol A on the CNS may be related to the dopamine system, and the increase of dopamine turnover has nothing to do with dopamine receptors. The concentrations of the norepinephrine metabolite MHPG and the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA showed changes in rat striatum and hypothalamus after schizandrol A treatment, but norepinephrine and serotonin levels were unaffected.
Distributed Database Integrity (1992)

Abstract : The Distribution Database Integrity (DDBI) project is a research effort funded by Rome Laboratory and conducted at the Computer Science Laboratory of SRI International. The main goal of this effort was to improve data integrity and consistency management techniques for C3 database application environments. The objective of this effort was to examine data integrity, consistency and concurrency control techniques for distributed object-oriented (0-0) database management systems. Specific areas that were investigated include: (1) rule-based concurrency control techniques for dynamic C3 processing, (2) adaptive concurrency techniques for dealing with consistency versus availability of data, (3) temporal database mechanisms for retaining multiple versions of database objects, (4) rules, constraints, and application- specific knowledge-bases for integrity maintenance, (5) active triggers for automatically enforcing integrity rules based upon local or remote updates, and (6) the effect of incrementally mutable objects (IMO's) on distributed database integrity. The contribution is flexible, robust, data integrity techniques for distributed object-oriented database management systems.
Estrogen Synthetase (Aromatase) Activity in Primary Culture of Human Term Placental Cells: Effects of Cell Preparation, Growth Medium, and Serum on Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Response* (1989)

The establishment of human term trophoblast cells in culture is dependent on the method of cell preparation, growth medium used, and presence of serum. Using freshly isolated term placental cells, we investigated 1) the effects of two different methods of removal of nontrophoblast cells and two culture media on trophoblast aromatase specific activity, cellular morphology, and hCG secretion over 72 h; and 2) the sensitivity of these hormonal parameters to cAMP added 24 h after the initiation of culture. Under conditions in which aromatase is responsive to cAMP, we studied the effect of removing serum after 24 h in culture with serum. After trypsin digestion of placental villi, isolated trophoblast cells were either treated with ammonium chloride (A) or purified on Percoll density gradients (P) and then grown in monolayer culture with medium 199 plus 10% fetal bovine serum (M) or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) plus 20% fetal bovine serum (D). Regardless of the method of treatment or growth medium used, aromatase specific activity increased 10- to 15-fold 24 h after plating, continued to increase from 24-48 h, and then decreased (AM) or remained constant (AD, PM, and PD) from 48-72 h. Addition of cAMP significantly increased activity in DMEM-grown cells (PD or AD) at both 48 and 72 h. Aromatase activity in PM cells grown with cAMP increased at 48 h, then decreased to near-control levels by 72 h; however, in AM cells, no response to cAMP was observed relative to control cells. Secretion of hCG was suppressed for the first 48 h in all cultures, but increased by 72 h (greatest increase in AM cultures). cAMP significantly increased hCG secretion 48 h after its addition under all conditions. We further evaluated the response of the Percoll-purified DMEM-grown cells (PD) to cAMP after serum removal at 24 h. Cells deprived of serum showed significantly higher aromatase specific activity over the entire culture period compared with serum-grown cells. Secretion of hCG increased 2- or 3-fold in the presence or absence of serum, respectively, after 72 h in culture. cAMP increased aromatase specific activity by 1.8- and 1.4-fold at 48 h and by 2.5- and 2.4-fold at 72 h in serum-containing and serum-free cells, respectively. The secretion of hCG increased 11- to 14-fold at 72 h under both serum-containing and serum-free conditions, respectively. The results show that cAMP can act as an intracellular messenger in the regulation of both aromatase activity and hCG secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
ETRAP (efficient trapping and purification) of target protein polyclonal antibodies from GST–protein immune sera<sup>1</sup> (2010)

Recombinant GST (glutathione transferase) proteins are widely used as immunogens to generate polyclonal antibodies. Advantages of using GST proteins include: commercially available cloning vectors, vast literature for protein expression in Escherichia coli, the ease of protein purification, immunogen can be used as an ELISA standard and GST can be removed in some systems. However, there are disadvantages: GST oligomerization, inclusion body formation and target protein insolubility after GST removal. Perhaps the most detrimental is the significant generation of anti-GST antibodies by the host animal. A two-column procedure using a glutathione-GST column and a glutathione-(GST-protein) column can yield affinity-purified anti-(GST-protein) polyclonal antibody. Several passes over the first column are often required, though, to completely extract the anti-GST antibodies from the immune sera. We reasoned that knowledge of the target protein linear epitope(s) would allow construction of a peptide affinity resin for a single-pass 'one and done' purification termed ETRAP (efficient trapping and purification). In the present paper, we describe our efforts and present data on rabbits and sheep immunized with GST proteins having target protein molecular masses of ~8, 21 and 33 kDa. The titre and purity of the target antibodies using the ETRAP protocol were comparable to the more laborious multi-column purifications but with a considerable saving in time.
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidemia with the Natural Plant Alkaloid Berberine (2008)

Berberine is effective and safe in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.
WHOLE-BODY-VIBRATION--INDUCED INCREASE IN LEG MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING DIFFERENT SQUAT EXERCISES (2006)

This study analyzed leg muscle activity during whole-body vibration (WBV) training. Subjects performed standard unloaded isometric exercises on a vibrating platform (Power Plate): high squat (HS), low squat (LS), and 1-legged squat (OL). Muscle activity of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and gastrocnemius was recorded in 15 men (age 21.2 ± 0.8 years) through use of surface electromyography (EMG). The exercises were performed in 2 conditions: with WBV and without (control [CO]) a vibratory stimulus of 35 Hz. Muscle activation during WBV was compared with CO and with muscle activation during isolated maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). Whole-body vibration resulted in a significantly higher (p < 0.05) EMG root-mean-square compared with CO in all muscle groups and all exercises (between 139.9 ± 17.5% and 1360.6 ± 57.5%). The increase in muscle activity caused by WBV was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in OL compared with HS and LS. In conclusion, WBV resulted in an increased activation of the leg muscles. During WBV, leg muscle activity varied between 12.6 and 82.4% of MVC values.
Low-intensity millimeter waves as a novel therapeutic modality (2000)

One of the most significant events in contemporary electromagnetic biology is a surge in interest to specific effects of low-intensity millimeter-band radiation (30-300 GHz). Bioeffects of millimeter waves (MMWs) can often occur without any considerable heating of the exposed subject, and biological responses are principally different from those caused by heating. The effects of MMWs often have a sharp, resonance-like dependence on the radiation frequency, but they depend relatively little on the radiation intensity. A brief, low-intensity MMW exposure can change cell growth and proliferation rates, activity of enzymes, state of cell genetic apparatus, function of excitable membranes and peripheral receptors; it can alleviate stress reactions, stimulate tissue repair and regeneration, etc. In Eastern Europe, low-intensity MMWs are widely employed for therapeutic purposes. The method has gained official recognition, and millions of people received MMW therapy for various conditions. While the mechanisms of MMW efficacy remain unclear and their medical usage is mostly empirical, the knowledge accumulated over more than 20 years of MMW therapy merits careful analysis and consideration.
Ultra-shallow junction formation using silicide as a diffusion source and low thermal budget (1992)

Ultra-shallow p/sup +//n and n/sup +//p junctions were fabricated using SADS (silicide-as-diffusion-source) and ITS (ion-implantation-through-silicide processing) of 45-nm CoSi/sub 2/ films (3.5 Omega / Square Operator ) using a low thermal budget. The best junctions of either type were made by moderate 10-s RTA (rapid thermal annealing) at 800 degrees C, where the total junction depth, counting the silicide thickness, is believed to be under 60 nm. Diffusion-limited current predominated down to 50 degrees C in junctions made under these conditions. The initial implantation energy had only a minor effect on the junction leakage, where shallower implants required slightly higher temperatures to form low leakage diodes, resulting in diodes which were somewhat more susceptible to shorting during silicide agglomeration at high temperatures. The ITS scheme, where dopant is implanted slightly beyond the silicide, gives an equally low leakage current. Nevertheless, the ITS scheme gives deeper junctions than the SADS process, and it is difficult to control the position of the ITS junction due to silicide/silicon interface fluctuations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical absorption in alloys of Si, Ge, C, and Sn (1996)

Group IV semiconductor alloy systems offer promise as variable band gap alloys compatible with Si technology. Binary, ternary, and quaternary group IV alloys were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si substrates. The fundamental absorption edge was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to obtain the optical band gap of the alloys, and the position of the fundamental absorption edge was observed to depend on the experimentally measured alloy composition. Our results indicate a variety of Si-rich group IV alloys with various band gaps are experimentally producible.
Improving Consistency in Radiology Reporting through the Use of Department-wide Standardized Structured Reporting (2013)

Standardized department-wide structured reporting can be implemented in a radiology department, with a high rate of adoption by the radiologists.
A Fast Switching, High Isolation Absorptive SPST SiGe Switch for 24GHz Automotive Applications (2003)

Measured results for a high isolation, extremely fast switching SPST SiGe switch are presented. The switch provides ~35dB of isolation between input and output over 15GHz-26GHz, yet is only 500μm × 250μm in size. A novel load circuit ensures that there is almost no perceptible change in the input reflection coefficient of the switch between the transmission and the absorptive state. In the transmit state the switch provides gain for the input signal between 14.2GHz and 25.5GHz, and has a 1dB loss bandwidth of over 12GHz. Lastly, the use of a constant current biasing scheme allows extremely fast switching between states allowing the switch to be used to generate RF pulses of 200pS in length at a carrier frequency of 24GHz, with rise and fall times of approximately 60pS. The entire switch, including biasing circuitry, requires only 12mA from a +5V supply.
Pirfenidone attenuates ischaemia–reperfusion injury in the rat small intestine (2002)

1. Pirfenidone, an antifibrotic compound with anti-inflammatory effects, has been investigated in a rat model of acute experimental ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the small intestine. 2. Occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery in young adult female rats for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min induced significant local and systemic effects, including tissue haemorrhage with oedema, elevated serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, neutropenia, hypotension and bradycardia. 3. Administration of pirfenidone (200 mg/kg, p.o., i.v. or i.p.) 30 min before occlusion completely inhibited the increase in serum TNF-alpha concentrations. Pirfenidone inhibited, but did not completely prevent, tissue damage in the small intestine, as well as hypotension and oedema, but neutropenia and bradycardia were not significantly changed by treatment. 4. Thus, pirfenidone effectively moderates both local and some systemic effects of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat small intestine model.
The Preparation and Chemistry of N-Chlorimidodisulfuryl Fluoride (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Chemistry of N-Chlorimidodisulfuryl FluorideJohn K. RuffCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 5, 732–735Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50039a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50039a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Foreground segmentation with efficient selection from ICP outliers in 3D scene (2015)

Foreground segmentation enables dynamic reconstruction of the moving objects in static scenes. After KinectFusion had proposed a novel method that constructs the foreground from the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) outliers, numerous studies proposed filtration methods to reduce outlier noise. To this end, the relationship between outliers and the foreground is investigated, and a method to efficiently extract the foreground from outliers is proposed. The foreground is found to be directly connected to ICP distance outliers rather than the angle and distance outliers that have been used in past research. Quantitative results show that the proposed method outperforms prevalent foreground extraction methods, and attains an average increase of 11.8% in foreground quality. Moreover, real-time speed of 50 fps is achieved without heavy graph-based refinements, such as GrabCut. The proposed depth features surpass current 3D GrabCut, which only uses RGB-N.
Metal Ion Affinity-based Biomolecular Recognition and Conjugation inside Synthetic Polymer Nanopores Modified with Iron–Terpyridine Complexes (2011)

Here we demonstrate a novel biosensing platform for the detection of lactoferrin (LFN) via metal-organic frameworks, in which the metal ions have accessible free coordination sites for binding, inside the single conical nanopores fabricated in polymeric membrane. First, monolayer of amine-terminated terpyridine (metal-chelating ligand) is covalently immobilized on the inner walls of the nanopore via carbodiimide coupling chemistry. Second, iron-terpyridine (iron-terPy) complexes are obtained by treating the terpyridine modified-nanopores with ferrous sulfate solution. The immobilized iron-terPy complexes can be used as recognition elements to fabricate biosensing nanodevice. The working principle of the proposed biosensor is based on specific noncovalent interactions between LFN and chelated metal ions in the immobilized terpyridine monolayer, leading to the selective detection of analyte protein. In addition, control experiments proved that the designed biosensor exhibits excellent biospecificity and nonfouling properties. Furthermore, complementary experiments are conducted with multipore membranes containing an array of cylindrical nanopores. We demonstrate that in the presence of LFN in the feed solution, permeation of methyl viologen (MV(2+)) and 1,5-naphthalenedisulphate (NDS(2-)) is drastically suppressed across the iron-terPy modified membranes. On the basis of these findings, we envision that apart from conventional ligand-receptor interactions, the designing and immobilization of alternative functional ligands inside the synthetic nanopores would extend this method for the construction of new metal ion affinity-based biomimetic systems for the specific binding and recognition of other biomolecules.
Alteration in flow delivery with antisyphon devices (2000)

The aim of this study was to determine whether infusion sets containing antisyphon devices increased the time to initial flow from syringe drivers. The antisyphon devices assessed were those manufactured by B Braun, Wescott and Vygon. Each device was placed between a 50-ml syringe and a spiral extension set and primed with saline. A fourth syringe and spiral extension set acted as a control. The infusion sets were placed in four identical syringe drivers and started simultaneously. The time from pressing the start button until the initial flow for each infusion set (start-up time) was recorded. The test was conducted 15 times each at 2 ml.h-1, 10 ml. h-1 and 50 ml.h-1. At 2 ml.h-1 the start-up time was significantly longer with all the antisyphon sets compared with the control (p < 0. 0001). At higher infusion rates the differences between the antisyphon sets and the control were less pronounced. Clinicians who use syringe driver infusions should be aware of this delay between the activation of the infusion pump and the onset of flow and take steps to prevent it.
Aminocarbonyloxymethyl Ester Prodrugs of Flufenamic Acid and Diclofenac: Suppressing the Rearrangement Pathway in Aqueous Media (2007)

Aminocarbonyloxymethyl ester prodrugs are known to undergo rearrangement in aqueous solutions to form the corresponding N-acylamine side product via an O-->N intramolecular acyl transfer from the carbamate conjugate base. Novel aminocarbonyloxymethyl esters of diclofenac and flufenamic acid containing amino acid amide carriers were synthesized and evaluated as potential prodrugs displaying less ability to undergo rearrangement. These compounds were prepared in reasonable yield by a four-step synthetic method that uses the appropriate N-Boc-protected amino acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and secondary amine and chloromethyl chloroformate as key reactants. Their reactivity in pH 7.4 buffer and 80% human plasma at 37 degrees C was assessed by RP-HPLC. The aminocarbonyloxymethyl esters containing a secondary carbamate group derived from amino acids such as glycine or phenylalanine were hydrolyzed quantitatively to the parent drug both in non-enzymatic and enzymatic conditions, with no rearrangement product being detected. The oral bioavailability in rats was determined for selected diclofenac derivatives. These derivatives displayed a bioavailability of 25 to 68% relative to that of diclofenac, probably due to their poor aqueous solubility and lipophilicity. These results suggest that further optimization of aminocarbonyloxymethyl esters as potential prodrugs for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs require the use of amino acid carriers with ionizable groups to improve aqueous solubility.