gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast activation protein augments progression and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2017)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAs) are desmoplastic and can undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to confer metastasis and chemoresistance. Studies have demonstrated that phenotypically and functionally distinct stromal cell populations exist in PDAs. Fibroblast activation protein-expressing (FAP-expressing) cells act to enhance PDA progression, while α-smooth muscle actin myofibroblasts can restrain PDA. Thus, identification of precise molecular targets that mediate the protumorigenic activity of FAP+ cells will guide development of therapy for PDA. Herein, we demonstrate that FAP overexpression in the tumor microenvironment correlates with poor overall and disease-free survival of PDA patients. Genetic deletion of FAP delayed onset of primary tumor and prolonged survival of mice in the KPC mouse model of PDA. While genetic deletion of FAP did not affect primary tumor weight in advanced disease, FAP deficiency increased tumor necrosis and impeded metastasis to multiple organs. Lineage-tracing studies unexpectedly showed that FAP is not only expressed by stromal cells, but can also be detected in a subset of CD90+ mesenchymal PDA cells, representing up to 20% of total intratumoral FAP+ cells. These data suggest that FAP may regulate PDA progression and metastasis in cell-autonomous and/or non-cell-autonomous fashions. Together, these data support pursuing FAP as a therapeutic target in PDA.
Killing of adherent oral microbes by a non-thermal atmospheric plasma jet (2009)

Atmospheric plasma jets are being intensively studied with respect to potential applications in medicine. The aim of this in vitro study was to test a microwave-powered non-thermal atmospheric plasma jet for its antimicrobial efficacy against adherent oral micro-organisms. Agar plates and dentin slices were inoculated with 6 log(10) c.f.u. cm(-2) of Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, with Escherichia coli as a control. Areas of 1 cm(2) on the agar plates or the complete dentin slices were irradiated with a helium plasma jet for 0.3, 0.6 or 0.9 s mm(-2), respectively. The agar plates were incubated at 37 degrees C, and dentin slices were vortexed in liquid media and suspensions were placed on agar plates. The killing efficacy of the plasma jet was assessed by counting the number of c.f.u. on the irradiated areas of the agar plates, as well as by determination of the number of c.f.u. recovered from dentin slices. A microbe-killing effect was found on the irradiated parts of the agar plates for L. casei, S. mutans, C. albicans and E. coli. The plasma-jet treatment reduced the c.f.u. by 3-4 log(10) intervals on the dentin slices in comparison to recovery rates from untreated controls. The microbe-killing effect was correlated with increasing irradiation times. Thus, non-thermal atmospheric plasma jets could be used for the disinfection of dental surfaces.
Effects of Colostrum Basic Protein from Colostrum Whey Protein: Increases in Osteoblast Proliferation and Bone Metabolism (2007)

Colostrum basic proteins (CBP) (MW 1～30 kDa) were isolated from bovine colostrum using a series of ultrafiltration processes and their effects on osteoblast cell proliferation and bone metabolism were investigated in cell line and animal models. Treatments with CBP (1, 10, 100 ㎍/mL) dose-dependently increased cell proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3 cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker of osteoblastic phenotype, in the cells was also increased after treatments with CBP in a dose-dependent manner. Significant increases in bone density were observed in femur of ovariectomized rats which were fed a diet with 1% and 10% CBP, compared to rats fed a normal diet. These results suggest that CBP may increase bone mass and density and be useful for the prevention of bone-related diseases.
The Pilgrim Soul: The Philosophical Structure of 'The Fortunes of Richard Mahony' (1969)

The philosophical structure of the novel 'The Fortunes of Richard Mahoney' written by Australian expatriate woman novelist Henry Handel Richardson is analysed. The manner in which the novelist presents the life and experiences of a protagonist who is like a 'pilgrim soul', unable to mentally or physically settle in his homeland or in his adopted country and is finally subject to deterioration and death, is discussed.
Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis (1984)

Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis, Ninth Edition maintains its student friendly, accessible approach to circuit analysis and now includes even more features to engage and motivate students. In addition to brand new exciting chapter openers, all new accompanying photos are included to help engage visual learners. This revision introduces completely re-done figures with color coding to significantly improve student comprehension and FE exam problems at the ends of chapters for student practice. The text continues to provide a strong problem-solving approach along with a large variety of problems and examples.
Transcatheter chemo-embolization effective for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. A histopathologic study (1984)

A histopathologic study was done on livers from 14 patients who underwent surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma and who had been pretreated by a combination of intra-arterial embolization of Gelfoam (Upjohn) plus intra-arterial chemotherapy. This technique was effective as the excess vascularity of the tumor and the tumor bulk were reduced and resection was readily facilitated. For solitary tumors of less than 4 cm in diameter, this approach was particularly effective. As this combined treatment almost invariably leads to liquefaction and necrosis of the tumor, the likelihood of metastases is diminished.
Specificity of resistance to pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus in transgenic peas expressing the viral replicase (Nlb) gene. (1998)

Transgenic pea lines carrying the replicase (NIb) gene of pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) were generated and used in experiments to determine the effectiveness of induced resistance upon heterologous isolates. Three pea lines showed inducible resistance in which an initial infection by the homologous isolate (PSbMV-DPD1) was followed by a highly resistant state. Resistance was observed in plants in either the homozygous or hemizygous condition and resulted in no overall yield loss despite the initial infection. Resistance was associated with a loss of both viral and transgene RNA, which is indicative of a mechanism based upon post-transcriptional gene silencing. There was no correlation between the steady-state levels of transgene RNA and ability of the plants to show resistance. To test the specificity of the resistance, plants were also inoculated with the most distantly related sequenced PSbMV isolate, NY. PSbMV-NY varied between experiments in its ability to induce resistance, suggesting that the sequence identity in the NIb gene is borderline for the specificity required for triggering gene silencing. Upon challenge inoculation of virus-free recovered leaves, the specificity of the induced resistance varied between the two isolates and indicated that the virus and transgene additively determined the resistant state. These results suggest that the sequence requirements for triggering gene silencing may differ from those involved in the degradation process.
Produced Water Discharges into Marine Ecosystems (1984)

ABSTRACT Formation waters which are produced in conjunction with oil or gas are discharged into offshore areas throughout the world. The produced water volume in petroleum production can vary from 20% to 150% of the oil production volume. Salinities of produced water can vary from 1,000 to 250,000 ppm. Before prod used waters are discharged to the ocean, they are passed through oil-water separators to reduce the oil content to acceptable levels. Temperatures of the produced water stream are normally about 45° C. The small amounts of oil released in prod used water discharges will either evaporate to the atmosphere or be degraded by marine organisms. Biodegradation can be enhanced with the addition of nutrients. Within the OCS of the United States, produced waters are regulated by NPDES permits issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Produced waters from a Cities Service platform located in an area of coral reefs offshore of the Philippine Islands have been discharged to the surrounding seas for several years with no environmental harm. Environmental impacts from produced water discharges into marine waters are very minimal and have never caused a problem. Therefore, there is no precedent for stricter governmental regulation of produced water discharges into marine ecosystems. INTRODUCTION Produced water is formation water which is produced in association with oil and gas from the producing formation. Formation waters have existed for a very long time in the formation, usually under conditions of high temperature and pressure. Because this water contacts the minerals and crude oil in the rock formation, the water becomes saturated with the particular minerals present and with the soluble fractions of the untapped crude oil, especially the low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases and naphthenic acids. Why the water exists in the oil and gas reservoir and why its chemical characteristics vary as they do has not been shown through any accepted theories1 Most research assumes the water was deposited with sedimentary formations. The deeper, older formation waters are generally more saline; however, there are many exceptions to this rule depending on the composition of overlying formations. Other assumptions are that this formation water may have stayed where it was deposited, or it may have migrated into the oil and gas reservoirs. Oil or gas and water, in the reservoir, exist separately in equilibrium. When formation water reaches the surface, where the surrounding pressure is much less than that in the formation, some amounts of the dissolved gases flash-off, and they are extracted. The characteristics of produced water from different offshore production areas are shown in Table 1. The produced water volume in petroleum production can vary from 20% to 150% of the oil production volume. Salinities of produced waters can vary from 1,000 ppm to 250,000 ppm1
Mechanism of Inhibition of Advanced Glycosylation by Aminoguanidine in Vitro (1993)

Abstract A triazine and a bishydrazone were isolated from a solution of aminoguanidine incubated with an Amadori product (1-deoxy-1-propylamino-D-fructose) under physiological conditions. The new products were characterized by NMR and mass spectrometric analysis. The mechanism of the inhibition was proposed to involve the reactive intermediate 1, 4-dideoxy-1-(propylamino)-D-glycero-2, 3-hexodiulose (i.e., 1-propylamino-1, 4-dideoxyosone). The existence of this intermediate was supported by acetylation and characterization of the product. Formation of a proposed triazine and bis(amidinohydrazone) after the incubation of 1-propylamino-1, 4-dideoxyosone with aminoguanidine also supported the proposed mechanism.
Continuous-wave self-Raman and intracavity doubled laser operation in Nd:GdVO <sub>4</sub> at 586.5 nm (2007)

We have demonstrated diode-pumped continuous-wave self-Raman operation in Nd:GdVO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> with output at 1173 nm and intracavity doubled output at 586 nm. We have generated up to 2 W at 1173 nm and 678 mW at 586 nm, limited by thermal lensing in the gain medium. Operating at 50% duty cycle allowed generation of 1.85 W of quasi-CW power at 586 nm. It is expected that by managing the thermal loading and collecting all the generated yellow emission, CW yellow output powers of greater than 3 W will be obtained.
Planetary Telescopes (1963)

A review is made of present possibilities in the design of large refracting telescope objectives intended for visual or detector-aided studies of the planets from ground-based observatories. The great progress in the technology of optical glass achieved during the past several decades makes it worthwhile now for one to re-examine the question of whether the performance of any large refractor made in the future can be improved. On the whole the answer is affirmative but with reservations as to the importance of such an accomplishment in modern astronomy. A comprehensive discussion is given of the optical and environmental problems encountered, and several examples are given to demonstrate the degree of improvement to be expected from both semiapochromatic and fully apochromatic objectives.*
Polyhydrogenation of [60]- and [70]-fullerenes (1995)

Reduction with Zn–conc. HCl in either benzene or toluene solution, results in rapid and quantitative conversion of [60]- and [70]-fullerenes into mainly C60H36 and C70H36/38. Significant amounts of more highly hydrogenated derivatives are also formed. Mass spectra under EI conditions can be obtained free of peaks due to either less-hydrogenated species or the parent fullerenes, provided they are obtained immediately, since both compounds undergo rapid light-catalysed degradation in the presence of oxygen, to give the parent fullerenes, oxygen-containing derivatives (fullerenols) and lower hydrides; C60H18 is the main product from C60H36. Formation of reduced fullerenes up to C60D44 and C70D48 on reaction of [60]- and [70]-fullerenes with Zn–conc. DCI, is attributed to the higher stability of C–D compared with C–H bonds, which provides greater compensation for the loss of resonance energy and the greater steric compression that accompanies reduction beyond the 36 H level. Laser-desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry indicates that the absence of the corresponding higher hydrides (as opposed to deuterides) is not due to decomposition during EI mass spectrometry. The hydrides do not undergo hydrogen exchange with D2O either alone or in the presence of either sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium hydroxide. C60H36 has considerable thermal stability but that for C70H36/38 is lower. HPLC chromatograms, as well as IR, UV–VIS, 1H NMR, and mass spectra have been obtained for both compounds. Each appears to be highly resistant to further reduction by hydrogen–catalyst, but shows a surprising tendency to form trimethylene adducts, by an unknown mechanism.
[Growth hormone and the heart]. (1993)

To investigate cardiac effects of excess and deficiency of growth hormone (GH) 20 acromegalic subjects and 11 adult patients with GH deficiency were studied by means of a non invasive method, the Doppler echocardiography. The results obtained in the group of patients were compared with those of 2 groups of 20 and 12 normal subjects, respectively, age and sex matched. The age of the acromegalic patients ranged from 20 to 62 years. Nineteen patients were considered to have active acromegaly at the time of the study. Mean duration of disease since treatment was 12 +/- 5 years (range 5 to 24 years). The age of GH deficient adults ranged from 21 to 33 years. All these patients have been treated with extractive GH over 9 years and the therapy withdrawal was performed at least 3 years before entering the study. In the acromegalic patient group, a subgroup including 9 patients with mild to moderate hypertension was considered. All subjects gave informed consent and the study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Medical School of Naples. Right ventricular free wall thickness resulted significantly increased in acromegalic patients (8 +/- 2 versus 4 +/- 1 mm; p < 0.001). Left ventricular mass index was augmented both in the whole group and in the subgroup of normotensive acromegalics as compared with normals (134 +/- 33 and 115 +/- 20 versus 80 +/- 18 g.m-2; p < 0.01). Ejection phase indices were normal in patient group, while impaired left and right ventricular diastolic filling was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improved Learning in Convolutional Neural Networks with Shifted Exponential Linear Units (ShELUs) (2018)

The Exponential Linear Unit (ELU) has been proven to speed up learning and improve the classification performance over activation functions such as ReLU and Leaky ReLU for convolutional neural networks. The reasons behind the improved behavior are that ELU reduces the bias shift, it saturates for large negative inputs and it is continuously differentiable. However, it remains open whether ELU has the optimal shape and we address the quest for a superior activation function. We use a new formulation to tune a piecewise linear activation function during training, to investigate the above question, and learn the shape of the locally optimal activation function. With this tuned activation function, the classification performance is improved and the resulting, learned activation function shows to be ELU-shaped irrespective if it is initialized as a RELU, LReLU or ELU. Interestingly, the learned activation function does not exactly pass through the origin indicating that a shifted ELU-shaped activation function is preferable. This observation leads us to introduce the Shifted Exponential Linear Unit (ShELU) as a new activation function. Experiments on Cifar-100 show that the classification performance is further improved when using the ShELU activation function in comparison with ELU. The improvement is achieved when learning an individual bias shift for each neuron.
Substituted Styrenes. VI. Syntheses of the Isomeric Formylstyrenes and o- and m-Vinylbenzoic Acid (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted Styrenes. VI. Syntheses of the Isomeric Formylstyrenes and o- and m-Vinylbenzoic AcidWESLEY J. DALE, LEON STARR, and CHARLES W. STROBELCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 7, 2225–2227Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01351a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views607Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (396 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Iterative interlacing error diffusion for synthesis of computer-generated holograms (1993)

The iterative interlacing error-diffusion technique is a combination of the error-diffusion and the modified iterative interlacing techniques for synthesizing computer-generated holograms. The iterative interlacing error-diffusion technique leads to a dramatic improvement in the quality of reconstructed images, provided that the two constant parameters involved in iterations are chosen properly.
Sensitivity of feedback‐enhanced MRI contrast to macroscopic and microscopic field variations (2009)

Nonlinear feedback interactions have been shown to amplify contrast due to small differences in resonance frequency arising from microscopic susceptibility variations. Determining whether the selectivity of feedback-based contrast enhancement for small resonance frequency variations remains valid even in the presence of macroscopic field inhomogeneity is important for transitioning this new methodology into in vivo applications in imaging systems with lower field strengths and poorer homogeneity. This work shows that contrast enhancement under the radiation damping (RD) feedback field is sensitive to microscopic intravoxel frequency variations. Feedback-enhanced contrast provides superior signal differentiation from voxels with distinct microscopic frequency distributions compared with T(2)*-weighted imaging, while remaining robust to macroscopic field gradients, which frequently give rise to artifacts by other frequency-sensitive methods. Applying multiple RF pulses during evolution under RD and actively adjusting the phase and amplitude of the feedback field are shown to further improve signal differentiation. Experimental results reveal that feedback-enhanced contrast can generate positive contrast, reflecting microscopic field variations induced by strong local dipole fields, such as those created by blood vessels and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Extensions to in vivo imaging at lower field strengths are discussed in the context of amplifying the RD field via active electronic feedback.
Optic disc biomorphometry with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph at different reference levels (2002)

ABSTRACT. Purpose: The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) is a confocal scanning laser tomograph that produces high resolution optical section images of the optic disc and central retina. Measurement accuracy and reproducibility is good. Several of the stereometric variables depend on the definition of a reference plane level. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the four different reference levels in terms of their advantages and disadvantages in clinical work. Methods: Sixty‐seven randomly chosen eyes belonging to 67 subjects were included in this study. Forty of the eyes were healthy and 27 had glaucoma. The HRT with software versions 1.09 and 1.11 was used to acquire and evaluate topographic measurements of the optic disc. Image analysis was performed at four different reference levels: 320 µm fixed offset reference level (REFd) (version 1.09), an individually determined reference level (REFi), a papillo‐macular reference level (REFm) and a flexible reference level (REFf) (version 1.11). ANOVA was used to determine differences in the topographic parameters between the reference levels. Results: In terms of the healthy eyes, all the variables using different reference levels give rather similar results. However, with advanced glaucoma the measurement values provided with REFd are clearly different to those of the other reference levels. The measurement values using REFm and REFf provide fairly similar results in all clinical groups. REFf indicates the lowest point in the segment between 350° and 356° along the contour line and thus provides the most stable and clinically useful reference level at present. Conclusion: At present, the flexible reference level REFf gives the most reliable and adequate HRT measurement values, both in normal and in glaucomatous eyes.