gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Mutagenesis in vitro on the Ability of Cloned Tomato Golden Mosaic Virus DNA to Infect Nicotiana benthamiana Plants (1988)

Summary Insertion mutations introduced in vitro into cloned DNA of tomato golden mosaic virus that considerably shortened the length of the open reading frames (ORFs) AL1, AL2/AL3, BL1 or BR1, abolished the ability of the DNA to infect Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings. Mutants in which ORF AR1 was similarly shortened by an insertion or a 28 bp deletion were infectious, showing that the formation of coat protein or virions is not required for replication and systemic spread of virus DNA, although the appearance of symptoms was delayed in infections with the deletion mutant. Mutants with larger deletions (178 bp to 603 bp) in ORF AR1 were not infectious. Infections could be initiated with mixtures of AL1 and AL2/AL3 mutants, or BL1 and BR1 mutants, primarily as a result of complementation, although a low proportion of wild-type DNA A molecules regenerated by recombination or reversion was detected in the progeny of infection with the DNA A mutants.
In Planta Colonization and Role of T6SS in Two Rice <i>Kosakonia</i> Endophytes (2019)

Endophytes live inside plants and are often beneficial. <i>Kosakonia</i> is a novel bacterial genus that includes many diazotrophic plant-associated isolates. Plant-bacteria studies on two rice endophytic <i>Kosakonia</i> beneficial strains were performed, including comparative genomics, secretome profiling, in planta tests, and a field release trial. The strains are efficient rhizoplane and root endosphere colonizers and localized in the root cortex. Secretomics revealed 144 putative secreted proteins, including type VI secretory system (T6SS) proteins. A <i>Kosakonia</i> T6SS genomic knock-out mutant showed a significant decrease in rhizoplane and endosphere colonization ability. A field trial using rice seed inoculated with <i>Kosakonia</i> spp. showed no effect on plant growth promotion upon nitrogen stress and microbiome studies revealed that <i>Kosakonia</i> spp. were significantly more present in the inoculated rice. Comparative genomics indicated that several protein domains were enriched in plant-associated <i>Kosakonia</i> spp. This study highlights that <i>Kosakonia</i> is an important, recently classified genus involved in plant-bacteria interaction.
Hydrogels with Crystalline or Liquid Crystalline Structure (2002)

The formation of ordered structure in hydrogels derived from copolymers of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers with crystalline or liquid-crystalline moieties is reviewed. The role of water in the formation of ordered structure and its influence on the thermal and mechanical properties of hydrogels are clarified. For example, by inducing a certain amount of water, an amorphous to crystalline transition occurs in gels of acrylic acid/alkyl acrylate copolymers. On the other hand, water induces a liquid-crystalline (SmA) to liquid-crystalline (SmI) transition in copolymers consisting of acrylic acid and 11-(4′-cyanobiphenyloxy)undecyl acrylate. These specific features regarding the formation of ordered structures in hydrogels might shed some light on the formation of ordered structure in biological tissues.
The Role of Xhosa in a South African Prison: 'The Situation is Leading You' (2002)

This article reports on a study which investigated the role and status of Xhosa in a prison located in Grahamstown, a large town in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Xhosa, an indigenous African language, and the most widely spoken language in the region, is one of several used for communicative purposes in the prison. The development and promotion of African languages and the promotion of multilingualism in South Africa are two of the main aims stated in the language-related clauses in the country's constitution and also in numerous language-policy documents. The aim of this study was to explore the extent to which members of the prison were aware of these policies, especially with regard to the role and status of Xhosa. It provides a description of the language use patterns which have been implemented in the form of an ad hoc policy by those in the prison in order to solve communication problems. The findings indicate that Xhosa is widely spoken in the prison, by both staff and prisoners, but that its use is limited to informal, non-work-related contexts. English, on the other hand, is used as a lingua franca in the prison in most 'official' situations and during interactions which involve interlocutors who speak different languages. It appears, therefore, that English functions as the 'thread' language in the prison, while Xhosa remains the informal, context-bound choice.
Design and implementation on software platform of emergency management system for traffic incidents (2008)

Efficient emergency response to traffic incidents is crucial for the purpose of saving lives and properties, eliminating the impact to the smooth flow of traffic. In this paper, a software platform to design and implement a computer-aided emergency management system capable of reacting to traffic incidents in due time is described. We format the information flow of handling with emergencies. This system is divided into four parts, Incident Assessment System, Plan Database System, Scene Information Display System based on GIS and Resource Allocation and Management System. Our focus is to develop a plan generated system dynamically for actions and resources adapting to a changing environment through its action plan database. Scene Information Display System based on GIS and Incident Assessment System are also discussed in details. Key challenges in system design are also addressed. Simulation results show the efficiency of the system.
Waveguide Antenna Applications of Metamaterials to Leaky-Wave Slotted Waveguide Array (2008)

Effective guided wavelength can be controlled in both negative and positive by metamaterials. Metamaterials are applied to some kinds of slotted waveguide leaky-wave array antenna. First, left-handed waveguide leaky-wave slot array antenna is developed by using perturbation waveguide circuits for phase advance. Beam scanning performance is obtained and the beam direction is controlled by changing the stub length mechanically. In order to suppress grating lobes of the slotted waveguide array antenna, an effective guided wavelength is designed to be shorter than the wavelength in free space. Fundamental feasibility in the waveguide antenna application of metamaterials is confirmed in this paper.
Universal digital high-resolution melt: a novel approach to broad-based profiling of heterogeneous biological samples (2013)

Comprehensive profiling of nucleic acids in genetically heterogeneous samples is important for clinical and basic research applications. Universal digital high-resolution melt (U-dHRM) is a new approach to broad-based PCR diagnostics and profiling technologies that can overcome issues of poor sensitivity due to contaminating nucleic acids and poor specificity due to primer or probe hybridization inaccuracies for single nucleotide variations. The U-dHRM approach uses broad-based primers or ligated adapter sequences to universally amplify all nucleic acid molecules in a heterogeneous sample, which have been partitioned, as in digital PCR. Extensive assay optimization enables direct sequence identification by algorithm-based matching of melt curve shape and Tm to a database of known sequence-specific melt curves. We show that single-molecule detection and single nucleotide sensitivity is possible. The feasibility and utility of U-dHRM is demonstrated through detection of bacteria associated with polymicrobial blood infection and microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with host response to infection. U-dHRM using broad-based 16S rRNA gene primers demonstrates universal single cell detection of bacterial pathogens, even in the presence of larger amounts of contaminating bacteria; U-dHRM using universally adapted Lethal-7 miRNAs in a heterogeneous mixture showcases the single copy sensitivity and single nucleotide specificity of this approach.
Establishment of a Normal Hematopoietic and Leukemia Stem Cell Hierarchy (2008)

Many types of adult tissues, especially for high turnover tissues such as the blood and intestinal system, stand on a hierarchical tissue-specific stem cell system. Tissue-specific stem cells concurrently have self-renewal capacity and potential to give rise to all types of mature cells in their tissue. The differentiation process of the tissue-specific stem cell is successive restriction of these capacities. The first progeny of tissue-specific stem cells are multipotent progenitors (MPPs) that lose long-term self-renewal capacity yet have full lineage potential. MPPs in turn give rise to oligopotent progenitors, which then commit into lineage-restricted progenitors. This hierarchical system enables a lifelong supply of matured functional cells that generally have a short life span and a relatively high turnover rate. In this chapter, we review our findings and other key experiments that have led to the establishment of the current cellular stem and progenitor hierarchy in the blood-forming systems of mice and humans for both normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. We also review select signaling pathways intrinsic to normal hematopoietic and leukemic stem cell populations as well our recent findings elucidating the possible origin of the leukemia stem cell.
Comparison of a new template matching algorithm, correlation, and area of difference methods for detection of ventricular tachycardia (2003)

Template matching algorithms have been shown to discriminate intraventricular electrograms of atrial and ventricular origin and may prove useful in implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Those methods which normalize for amplitude and differentiate well require multiplications which are costly to ICD battery charge. Signature analysis (SIG) was developed which normalizes for amplitude and does not require multiplications. SIG was compared to correlation waveform analysis (CWA), amplitude normalized area of difference (NAD), and unnormalized area of difference (AD) for discrimination of ventricular tachycardia (VT) from sinus tachycardia (ST). After calculating prospective thresholds, the average percent depolarizations misclassified for ST and VT records, with/without baseline normalization (BN) were: CWA 9%/23%, NAD 11%/27%, SIG 13%/22%, and AD 12%/25%. Therefore, BN improved results markedly and, due to similar results, SIG or AD is preferable because of reduced computation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Glucose, the Key Substrate in the Microbiological Changes Occurring in Meat and Certain Meat Products (1988)

The literature dealing with the role of glucose in the microbiological changes of meat and certain meat products is reviewed. Discussion is centered on two aspects. First, glucose plays a part in the selection of the dominant spoilage organisms, Pseudomonas fragi, Ps. lundensis, and Ps. fluorescens, on red meat stored aerobically under chill (2-7 degrees C) conditions. It is concluded that the pseudomonads flourish because they convert glucose to the less commonly used substrate, gluconate. The latter serves as an extracellular energy store. With its depletion, the pseudomonads utilize amino acids, thereby producing the characteristic off-odors of spoiled meat. Storage of meat in a modified atmosphere (viz., 20% CO2:80% O2) selects Gram-positive flora (lactobacilli and Brochothrix thermosphacta) which impart a "cheesy odor" through acid production from glucose and volatile fatty acids from amino acids. The first mentioned organisms produce the same off-odors in "acid" meat (pH 5.5) from which oxygen is excluded. So too does the less acid-tolerant Br. thermosphacta in less acid meat (pH greater than 5.8), especially if trace amounts of O2 are present. Such meat may be colonized by Shewanella putrefaciens also, with green discoloration resulting from the release of H2S from amino acids. The addition of glucose and NO2- to, and the exclusion of oxygen from, comminuted meat selects a flora dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and staphylococci such as Staphylococcus carnosus. Second, sulfite, the preservative of British-style sausages, has a sparing action on glucose. As a consequence of its curtailed breakdown there is only a meager acid drift with storage even though a fermentative flora of lactobacilli and Br. thermosphacta is selected. Yeasts also contribute to the microbial association in sausages; members of four of the six commonly occurring genera bind sulfite through acetaldehyde production. Glucose appears to be essential for acetaldehyde synthesis. The role of glucose in spoilage and the conditions which select particular groups of spoilage organisms are considered in the context of chemical probes and/or instrumental methods for routine assessment of the "freshness" of meat and meat products.
Myocardial <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> mapping: Application to patients with acute and chronic myocardial infarction (2007)

T(1) maps obtained with modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) can be used to measure myocardial T(1). We aimed to evaluate the potential of MOLLI T(1) mapping for the assessment of acute and chronic myocardial infarction (MI). A total of 24 patients with a first MI underwent MRI within 8 days and after 6 months. T(1) mapping was performed at baseline and at selected intervals between 2-20 min following administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA). Delayed-enhancement (DE) imaging served as the reference standard for delineation of the infarct zone. On T(1) maps the myocardial T(1) relaxation time was assessed in hyperenhanced areas, hypoenhanced infarct cores, and remote myocardium. The planimetric size of myocardial areas with standardized T(1) threshold values was measured. Acute and chronic MI exhibited different T(1) changes. Precontrast threshold T(1) maps detected segmental abnormalities caused by acute MI with 96% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Agreement between measurements of infarct size from T(1) mapping and DE imaging was higher in chronic than in acute infarcts. Precontrast T(1) maps enable the detection of acute MI. Acute and chronic MI show different patterns of T(1) changes. Standardized T(1) thresholds provide the potential to dichotomously identify areas of infarction.
89Zr Radiochemistry for Positron Emission Tomography (2011)

The positron emitting isotope (89)Zr is an ideal radionuclide for use in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This article reviews the cyclotron physics of (89)Zr production, and the chemical separation methods for isolating it from yttrium target material. (89)Zr coordination with the bifunctional chelate desferrioxamine B is discussed, along with the common procedures for attaching the chelate to mAbs. The review is intended to detail the procedure for creating (89)Zr labeled mAbs, going from cyclotron to PET.
Highly conductive dodecaborate/MXene composites for high performance supercapacitors (2019)

With the increasingly prominent energy and environmental issues, the supercapacitors, as a highly efficient and clean energy conversion and storage devices, meet the requirements well. However, it is still a challenge to enhance the capacitance and energy density of supercapacitors. A novel and highly conductive dodecaborate/MXene composites have been designed for high performance supercapacitors. The surface charge property of MXene was modified by a simple ultrasonic treatment with ammonium ion, and the dodecaborate ion can be inserted into the inner surface of MXene by electrostatic adsorption. Due to the unique icosahedral cage conjugate structure formed by the B-B bond and the highly delocalized three-dimensional π bond structure of the electrons, the negative charge is delocalied on the whole dodecaborate ion, which reduces the ability to bind to cations. Therefore, the cations can move easily, and the dodecaborate can act as a “lubricant” for ion diffusion between the MXene layers, which significantly improves the ion transfer rate of supercapacitors. The dodecaborate/MXene composites can achieve an extremely high specific capacitance of 366 F.g-1 at a scan rate of 2 mV.s-1, which is more than eight times higher than that of MXene (43 F1-) at the same scan rate. Our finding provides a novel route on the fabrication of the high performance supercapacitors.
In vivo transplantation of mammalian neural crest cells into chick hosts reveals a new autonomic sublineage restriction (1999)

The study of mammalian neural crest development has been limited by the lack of an accessible system for in vivo transplantation of these cells. We have developed a novel transplantation system to study lineage restriction in the rodent neural crest. Migratory rat neural crest cells (NCCs), transplanted into chicken embryos, can differentiate into sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic neurons, as shown by the expression of neuronal subtype-specific and pan-neuronal markers, as well as into Schwann cells and satellite glia. In contrast, an immunopurified population of enteric neural precursors (ENPs) from the fetal gut can also generate neurons in all of these ganglia, but only expresses appropriate neuronal subtype markers in Remak's and associated pelvic parasympathetic ganglia. ENPs also appear restricted in the kinds of glia they can generate in comparison to NCCs. Thus ENPs have parasympathetic and presumably enteric capacities, but not sympathetic or sensory capacities. These results identify a new autonomic lineage restriction in the neural crest, and suggest that this restriction preceeds the choice between neuronal and glial fates.
Dynamic programming matching for large scale information retrieval (2003)

Though dynamic programming matching can carry out approximate string matching when there may be deletions or insertions in a document, its effectiveness and efficiency are usually too poor to use it for large-scale information retrieval. In this paper, we propose a method of dynamic programming matching for information retrieval. This method is as effective as a conventional information retrieval system, even though it is capable of approximate matching. It is also as efficient as a conventional system.
High yield multichip modules based on minimal IC pretest (2002)

In order to attain the high yields that are a must for every MCM manufacturer, components used in the fabrication of MCMs must be screened for visual and performance defects. As GE CRD and other MCM manufacturers continue efforts to improve MCM yields, a proven IC pretest methodology for affecting high, first-pass MCM yield has been established by GE CRD. This paper presents the approach, as developed and implemented in the absence of an industry accepted "Known Good Die" process, based on GE CRD's experience of screening components after wafer level test. Using this pretest methodology, it has been shown that high MCM yields can be achieved through a combination of Military Standard 883 2010A visual inspection and minimal IC pretest, without need for burn-in.
Effects of human intravenous immunoglobulin on amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (2012)

Our data indicate limited ability of hIVIG to impact amyloid burden but shows changes in microglia, pro-inflammatory gene expression, and neurogenic effects. Immunomodulation by hIVIG may account for its beneficial effect in AD patients.
A CAPS marker to assist selection of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistance in pepper (2000)

The hypersensitive resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in pepper is determined by a single dominant gene (resistant allele: Tsw) in several Capsicum chinense genotypes. In order to facilitate the selection for this resistance, four RAPD (among 250 10-mer primers tested) were found linked to the Tsw locus using the bulked segregant analysis and 153 F2 individuals. A close RAPD marker was converted into a codominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) using specific PCR primers and restriction enzymes. This CAPS marker is tightly linked to Tsw (0.9 +/- 0.6 cM) and is helpful for marker-assisted selection in a wide range of genetic intercrosses.
High speed monolithically integrated metal-semiconductor-metal waveguide detector on InP (1990)

Many optical processing functions in future broadband optical communication systems are best realized by manipulating the optical signals in semiconductor waveguides. For such signal processing, fast efficient signal detection is best achieved using a photodetector monolithically integrated with the waveguide. PIN1-4 and, more recently, MSM5 waveguide detectors have been reported. We report the realization of a fast InGaAs MSM Schottky barrier photodetector monolithically integrated with an InP/InGaAsP/ InP ridge waveguide for application in the 1.3- and 1.55-μm fiber bands. Pulse response widths (FWHM) of 77 ps were recorded, the lowest value reported to date for any semiconductor waveguide photodetector.
Amodal Segmentation Based on Visible Region Segmentation and Shape Prior (2020)

Almost all existing amodal segmentation methods make the inferences of occluded regions by using features corresponding to the whole image. This is against the human's amodal perception, where human uses the visible part and the shape prior knowledge of the target to infer the occluded region. To mimic the behavior of human and solve the ambiguity in the learning, we propose a framework, it firstly estimates a coarse visible mask and a coarse amodal mask. Then based on the coarse prediction, our model infers the amodal mask by concentrating on the visible region and utilizing the shape prior in the memory. In this way, features corresponding to background and occlusion can be suppressed for amodal mask estimation. Consequently, the amodal mask would not be affected by what the occlusion is given the same visible regions. The leverage of shape prior makes the amodal mask estimation more robust and reasonable. Our proposed model is evaluated on three datasets. Experiments show that our proposed model outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods. The visualization of shape prior indicates that the category-specific feature in the codebook has certain interpretability.
Sb2Se3 assembling Sb2O3@ attapulgite as an emerging composites for catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol (2017)

The construction and application of a new type of composite material are achieved more and more attention. However, expected Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>/attapulgite composites aim to use the low price, and high adsorption of attapulgite in assembling Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> is quite difficult to be acquired by a facile and benign environmental hydrothermal method. In this manuscript, we developed a new way for preparation of an emerging composite by means of Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as a media linking Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> and attapulgite together, and finally won an emerging composite Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>/Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@attapulgite, which presented an excellent catalytic properties for catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol. It was noted that the Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>/Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@attapulgite composites exhibited a high conversion rate for the hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol that was up to 90.7% within 15 min, which was far more than the 61.5% of Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> sample. The excellent catalytic performance was attributed to the highly dispersion Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> microbelts and Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>@Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@attapulgite rods, which would improve the adsorption of the reactant species and facility electronic transfer process of the catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol.