gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of titanium diffused planar optical waveguides in lithium niobate (1984)

Characteristics of titanium indiffused waveguides in lithium niobate have been investigated. The effects of diffusion time, temperature, and ambient atmosphere on mode structure, surface refractive index, and profile, waveguide depth, surface morphology, and composition are described. Similarities and discrepancies between these and any previously published results are discussed and mechanisms for new features proposed. The necessity for fabrication in an oxygen atmosphere at elevated temperatures is demonstrated, and directions for further investigation indicated.
Isolation of a Crystalline Trypsin Inhibitor-Anticoagulant Protein from Pancreas<sup>1a</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of a Crystalline Trypsin Inhibitor-Anticoagulant Protein from Pancreas1aLouis A. Kazal, Daniel S. Spicer, and Rose A. BrahinskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 9, 3034–3040Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01189a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01189a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations252LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Influence of ink on the quality of fingerprint impressions (1974)

Tests were conducted on several types of ink to determine their influence on the quality of fingerprint impressions which they could produce. The i thickness and uniformity of the film used to ink the fingers were found to be the most significant factor in providing high quality impressions. A method is described for metering out printer's ink and estimating whether > or not a uniform film of near optimum thickness has been rolled out on a glass Inking plate.
Folding and inserting silicone intraocular lens implants (1987)

A two-forceps system for folding and inserting silicone lens implants and the method for using them is described. Other methods and instruments currently available are reviewed, and requirements for folding and inserting silicone intraocular lenses are discussed.
Techniques for the protection of gas-insulated substation to cable interfaces (1988)

Line-to-ground faults in gas-insulated substations (GIS) generate fast nanosecond risetime transients that cause sparkovers across the insulated flange of high-pressure oil-filled cable-GIS interface. The ionized path formed by the sparkovers creates a low-impedance path for power frequency fault current, resulting in flange damage with potentially serious consequences. Various technique for protecting the insulating flange from such damage are investigated and discussed, in terms of both new designs and retrofits for existing installations. To be effective, each protection scheme must adequately deal with the fast transients generated by breakdown in the GIS. As the frequencies of these transients are one to two orders of magnitude higher than for usual power system transients, special considerations are necessary in the protection scheme chosen.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Structure of Retinal Dehydrogenase Type II at 2.7 Å Resolution:  Implications for Retinal Specificity<sup>,</sup> (1999)

Retinoic acid, a hormonally active form of vitamin A, is produced in vivo in a two step process: retinol is oxidized to retinal and retinal is oxidized to retinoic acid. Retinal dehydrogenase type II (RalDH2) catalyzes this last step in the production of retinoic acid in the early embryo, possibly producing this putative morphogen to initiate pattern formation. The enzyme is also found in the adult animal, where it is expressed in the testis, lung, and brain among other tissues. The crystal structure of retinal dehydrogenase type II cocrystallized with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has been determined at 2.7 A resolution. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using the crystal structure of a mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) as a model. Unlike what has been described for the structures of two aldehyde dehydrogenases involved in the metabolism of acetaldehyde, the substrate access channel is not a preformed cavity into which acetaldehyde can readily diffuse. Retinal dehydrogenase appears to utilize a disordered loop in the substrate access channel to discriminate between retinaldehyde and short-chain aldehydes.
Ranging in a dense multipath environment using an UWB radio link (2002)

A time-of-arrival (ToA)-based ranging scheme using an ultra-wideband (UWB) radio link is proposed. This ranging scheme implements a search algorithm for the detection of a direct path signal in the presence of dense multipath, utilizing generalized maximum-likelihood (GML) estimation. Models for critical parameters in the algorithm are based on statistical analysis of propagation data and the algorithm is tested on another independent set of propagation measurements. The proposed UWB ranging system uses a correlator and a parallel sampler with a high-speed measurement capability in each transceiver to accomplish two-way ranging between them in the absence of a common clock.
Correlation and Dependence in Risk Management: Properties and Pitfalls (2002)

Modern risk management calls for an understanding of stochastic dependence going beyond simple linear correlation. This article deals with the static (nontime- dependent) case and emphasizes the copula representation of dependence for a random vector. Linear correlation is a natural dependence measure for multivariate normally, and more generally, elliptically distributed risks but other dependence concepts like comonotonicity and rank correlation should also be understood by the risk management practitioner. Using counterexamples the falsity of some commonly held views on correlation is demonstrated; in general, these fallacies arise from the naive assumption that dependence properties of the elliptical world also hold in the non-elliptical world. In particular, the problem of finding multivariate models which are consistent with prespecified marginal distributions and correlations is addressed. Pitfalls are highlighted and simulation algorithms avoiding these problems are constructed.
Human papillomavirus 16 infection in adenocarcinoma of the cervix (2005)

The impact of the success of organised cervical screening programme results in a steady decline of the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix but a concomitant increase in the incidence of the less common histological subtypes, particularly adenocarcinoma of the cervix (ACC). Although Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is believed to be a necessary cause of cervical cancer, its role in the pathogenesis of ACC is not well established. Established associations between oncogenic strains of HPV and ACC are based on molecular studies carried out on entire tumour block sections. In this study, the cervical adenocarcinoma cells of a 10-year cohort of women diagnosed with ACC were dissected using the PixCell II Laser Microdissecting System to detect the HPV 16 genome sequence using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to confirm the presence of HPV DNA within ACC cells. By coupling these two sophisticated techniques, the HPV DNA copy number cell could be calculated to investigate its role. The prevalence of HPV 16 infection in this cohort was 24%, which is significantly higher than the control group (chi(2), P=0.014). Women with ACC also had significantly higher HPV DNA copy number per cell compared to the control group (P=0.00007). Higher HPV DNA copy number is associated with risk of developing ACC.
Felbamate as Add-On Therapy (1996)

Felbamate is a novel anti-epileptic drug (AED) which has recently been associated with reports of aplastic anaemia and liver failure. We have conducted an open-label add-on assessment of the tolerability and efficacy of this compound in 111 adult patients with refractory epilepsy attending a tertiary referral centre. The mean follow-up period was 4 months (range 1-8 months). Sixty-three (57%) were ongoing, 38 (34%) had discontinued felbamate and a further 10 (9%) were withdrawing. Reasons for discontinuing felbamate were adverse events in 23 (21%), increase in seizures in 11 (10%) and lack of efficacy in 14 (12%). Behavioural disturbances occurred in 14 patients, being the most likely adverse event to result in discontinuation. No cases of aplastic anaemia or liver failure were observed in this group. Felbamate appears to be a broad-spectrum AED. Seven percent of the patients had more than 95% seizure reduction (2 patients were seizure free), whilst a further 13% had significant improvement ( > 50% reduction in seizure frequency). In conclusion, felbamate seems to be an effective AED. In view of its association with potentially life-threatening complications, its use should however be restricted to patients with medically refractory epilepsy.
Estrogen Regulation of the Central Enzymes Involved in<i>O</i>- and<i>N</i>-Linked Glycoprotein Assembly in the Developing and the Adult Rabbit Endocervix* (1988)

During cervical differentiation in 1- to 6-month-old rabbits, a marked increase was observed in the titer of serum estradiol, the number of secretory cells in the endocervix, and the granule content of these cells. Because these secretory granules are rich in carbohydrates it seemed likely that hormones regulate glycoconjugate biosynthesis in the endocervix. To investigate this possibility, the synthesis of O- and N-linked glycoproteins was studied in cell-free preparations from endocervical epithelium. The activity of N-acetylgalactosaminyl (GalNAc) transferase, the first enzyme in the pathway for O-linked oligosaccharide chain biosynthesis, measured in microsomes prepared from the developing cervix, was increased 8-fold. Oligosaccharyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the attachment of N-linked oligosaccharide chains to proteins, was measured in microsomes prepared under the same conditions as those used for GalNAc transferase. The results of two independent assay methods revealed an estrogen-dependent 10- to 15-fold increase in oligosaccharyltransferase during cervical differentiation. Consistent with these developmental effects, ovariectomy of adult rabbits resulted in reduced (P less than 0.01) titers of serum estradiol and a 2-fold reduction in the specific activity of GalNAc transferase. When animals were treated with exogenous estradiol, GalNAc transferase activity returned to estrous control levels. The antagonistic action of progesterone on GalNAc transferase activity was verified using endocervical membranes from pseudopregnant animals. Similarly, oligosaccharyltransferase activity was reduced 2- to 3-fold when estrous animals were ovariectomized or made pseudopregnant. The treatment of ovariectomized animals with estradiol resulted in the restoration of oligosaccharyltransferase to estrous control values. Collectively, these results provide the first definitive evidence that hormones can regulate the activity of the enzymes involved in the attachment of O- and N-linked oligosaccharide chains to proteins in the endocervix.
Identification of Bulgarian Strain 258 of Enterovirus 71 (1979)

In 1975 in Bulgaria a severe epidemic of central nervous system (CNS) disease occurred. Clinically, histopathologically, and epidemiologically the cases resembled poliomyelitis, aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and, in some cases, encephalomyocarditis. About 21% of the 700 reported cases developed paralysis, 44 with fatal outcome [ref. 1]. In 65 cases, 92 strains of enterovirus of the same serologic type were isolated: 38 strains from the CNS, 10 from mesenteric lymph nodes and tonsils, and 44 from feces [ref. 1,2]. A typical representative strain, No. 258, isolated from the spinal cord of a 3-month-old baby who died on the 5th day of disease with signs of focal polioencephalitis, was selected for intensive study. Cross-neutralization tests established the antigenic identity of the Bulgarian 258 strain (Stanchev) with American strains of enterovirus type 71 (BrCr and JaFr strains) and Swedish strains of the same type (Nos. 52343, 52500, and 6041). From its biological [ref. 1,2], physicochemical [ref. 3], and antigenic properties, the etiological agent of this large epidemic can be classified as a member of enterovirus type 71, one of the most highly pathogenic of the recently recognized enteroviruses.
ChemInform Abstract: Large‐Scale Production of the Carbohydrate Portion of the Sialyl‐Tn Epitope, α‐Neup5Ac‐(2→6)‐D‐GalpNAc, Through Bacterial Coupling. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genomic Deletion of an Imprint Maintenance Element Abolishes Imprinting of Both Insulin-like Growth Factor II andH19 (1997)

Insulin-like growth factor II (Igf2) is maternally imprinted in normal tissues with only the paternal copy of the gene being transcribed, whereas the contiguous gene H19 is paternally imprinted. Dysregulation of IGF2 imprinting is commonly observed in Wilms' tumor and other human tumors. Previous work comparing promoter-specific imprinting of human and mouse Igf2 suggested the presence of a cis element upstream of Igf2 that regulates or maintains the imprinting of three downstream promoters. To explore the molecular mechanism of maintenance of genomic imprinting, we targeted the region between insulin 2 and Igf2, where the cis imprint maintenance element (IME) resides in mouse fibroblasts. In those clones in which the targeting vector was randomly integrated into the genome, mouse Igf2 remained imprinted. However, when the targeted region containing the IME was deleted by homologous recombination, whether from the paternal or maternal allele, activation of the imprinted maternal allele of Igf2 was observed. In addition, there was a loss of H19 imprinting when the IME was deleted. The requirement of IME from both parental alleles for the maintenance of genomic imprinting thus suggests the importance of a spatial structure of DNA around Igf2 and H19. Modifications in the IME, like abnormal methylation in Wilms' tumors, may represent a novel mechanism for loss of genomic imprinting.
The Application of Centralized Lubrication Systems to Mobile Equipment (1975)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent developments in centralized lubrication systems have made them more compatible with the operational demands of the construction industry. This system delivers the correct amount of lubrication to each bearing, can warn the operator in the event of a lubrication failure and directs maintenance personnel to the problem area during a scheduled downtime. It has a wide variety of pumping methods, controls and monitors. Safety of personnel, continuous lubrication, reduced downtime, reduced usage of lubricants, longer machine life and higher profits are the results of a good lubrication program.</div>
Prediction of glycosylation sites using random forests (2008)

We have created an accurate predictor of glycosylation sites and used this to extract comprehensible rules about the glycosylation process. GPP is available online at http://comp.chem.nottingham.ac.uk/glyco/.
A fault-tolerant routing scheme for meshes with nonconvex faults (2001)

In this paper, we propose a fault-tolerant routing scheme for meshes with solid faults. A Rag bit is introduced for guiding misrouted messages. By fully utilizing virtual channels of each class, our algorithm uses only three virtual channels to ensure the property of deadlock freeness. Our scheme is able to handle solid faults whose associated fault rings overlap. In addition, the proposed algorithm can be used to route messages when fault regions touch the boundaries of the mesh.
Electromagnetic Field-Based Image-Guided Spine Surgery Part One: Results of a Cadaveric Study Evaluating Lumbar Pedicle Screw Placement (2003)

Our study has shown that when EMF tracking was used for image-guided lumbar pedicle screw placement, accuracy was improved and the incidence and degree of cortical perforations that may place neurovascular structures at risk was also reduced. Current system requirements for set-up and image acquisition, however, do add time to the procedure, and when factored in, do not yet result in a decrease in the use of fluoroscopy or screw insertion time.
A new low-noise 100-MHz balanced relaxation oscillator (1990)

A novel fully balanced architecture for high-frequency, low-noise relaxation oscillators is presented. Differential operation is achieved with the use of two grounded capacitors utilizing the circuit parasitics. Bypassing of the regenerative memory function in the oscillator benefits both high-speed and low-noise operation. A detailed analysis of phase noise in relaxation oscillators is performed. Results obtained from a test chip have verified the viability of the new oscillator and the developed phase-noise theory. The oscillator circuit has been realized in a medium-frequency (f/sub tau /=3 GHz) bipolar process. The tuning range extends to 150 MHz. At an oscillation frequency of 115 MHz, measured phase noise was -118 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz distance from the carrier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel cross-linked human amniotic membrane for corneal implantations (2013)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Al2(SO4)3 cross-linked human amniotic membrane for ocular surface reconstruction using tissue culture techniques. The human amniotic membrane was cross-linked with Al2(SO4)3, and the cross-linked human amniotic membrane was characterized for its mechanical properties, percentage of swelling in water, sterility, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The potential of cross-linked human amniotic membrane to support the attachment and proliferation of corneal limbal epithelial cells was assessed in vitro, using static culture system. About 125% increase in the tensile strength was observed in the cross-linked human amniotic membrane compared to human amniotic membrane. Infrared spectroscopy studies have confirmed the cross-linking of human amniotic membrane with Al2(SO4)3. The cross-linked human amniotic membrane was found to be sterile up to 1 year. In culture studies, confluent sheets of epithelial cells were seen at the end of 14th day resembling the morphological features of limbal epithelia. The cross-linked human amniotic membrane has exhibited improved mechanical properties, and the tissue culture studies have shown its feasibility to be used as a limbal transplant. It was concluded that the crosslinked human amniotic membrane with its improved mechanical properties could be used on par with human amniotic membrane.
One-stage selective interference cancellation for the OFDM joint radar-communication system (2012)

This paper presents a one-stage selective interference cancellation algorithm to demonstrate the concept of interference cancellation for the OFDM joint radar and communication (RadCom) system. Interference cancellation is needed due to the fact that the signal-to-interference ratio experienced by the radar is very low when there are multiple users, resulting in a severe degradation of the radar image and dynamic range. Since the radar signal is also a communication signal, the idea is to demodulate the received radar-communication signal and then subtract it from the received signal. The criteria in recontructing the communication signal for subtraction is much more stringent for the radar application than for conventional communication systems as will be discussed in the paper. The RadCom concept is briefly explained and the interference cancellation procedure as well as the impact on the radar's performance are described in detail in the following sections.
Simultaneous synthesis of enantiomerically pure (<i>S</i>)‐amino acids and (<i>R</i>)‐amines using coupled transaminase reactions (2003)

For the simultaneous synthesis of enatiomerically pure (S)-amino acids and (R)-amines from corresponding alpha-keto acids and racemic amines, an alpha/omega-transaminase coupled reaction system was designed using favorable reaction equilibrium shift led by omega-transaminase reaction. Cloned tyrB, aspC and avtA, and omegataA were co-expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) using pET23b(+) and pET24ma, respectively. The coupled reaction produced the (S)-amino acids with 73-90% (> 99% ee(S)) of conversion yield and resolved the racemic amines with 83-99% ee(R) for 5 to 10 hours. In designing the coupled reactions in the cell, alanine and pyruvate were efficiently used in the cell as an amine donor for the alanine transaminase and an amino acceptor for the omega-transaminase, respectively, resulting in an alanine-pyruvate shuttling system. The common problem of the low equilibrium constant of the alpha-transaminase can be efficiently overcome by the coupling with the omega-transaminase. However, overcoming the product inhibition of omega-transaminase by the ketone by-product and increasing the decarboxylation rate of the oxaloacetate produced during the transaminase reaction become barriers to further improving the overall reaction rate and the yield of the coupled reactions.
A Taxonomy of Asynchronous Instructional Video Styles (2018)

<p class="FirstParagraph">Many educational organizations are employing instructional videos in their pedagogy, but there is a limited understanding of the possible video formats. In practice, the presentation format of instructional videos ranges from direct recording of classroom teaching with a stationary camera, or screencasts with voice-over, to highly elaborate video post-production. Previous work evaluated the effectiveness of several production styles, but there has not been any consistent taxonomy, which would have made comparisons and meta-analyses possible. Therefore, we need a taxonomy of instructional video formats that facilitates the understanding of the landscape of available instructional video production styles. For this purpose, we surveyed the research literature and examined contemporary video-based courses, which have been produced by diverse educational organizations and teachers across several academic disciplines. We organized instructional video styles in two dimensions according to the level of human presence and to the type of instructional media. In addition to organizing existing instructional videos in a comprehensive way, the proposed taxonomy offers a design space, which should facilitate choice, as well as the preparation of novel video formats.</p>