gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement in microbial production of L-tyrosine by gene dosage effect of AroL gene encoding shikimate kinase. (1990)

Genetic breeding of microbial amino acid producers has been done conventionally by acquiring auxotrophic mutants or regulatory mutants based on fundamental knowledge of amino acid biosynthetic pathways and their regulatory mechanisms. The conventional techniques are effective in that a number of amino acids, such as lglutamate, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, larginine, L-isoleucine, L-leusine, L-valine, are practically
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation of Symmetrical Azobenzenes from Anilines by Phase Transfer Catalyzed Method. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Syntaxin 16 and syntaxin 5 are required for efficient retrograde transport of several exogenous and endogenous cargo proteins (2007)

Retrograde transport allows proteins and lipids to leave the endocytic pathway to reach other intracellular compartments, such as trans-Golgi network (TGN)/Golgi membranes, the endoplasmic reticulum and, in some instances, the cytosol. Here, we have used RNA interference against the SNARE proteins syntaxin 5 and syntaxin 16, combined with recently developed quantitative trafficking assays, morphological approaches and cell intoxication analysis to show that these SNARE proteins are not only required for efficient retrograde transport of Shiga toxin, but also for that of an endogenous cargo protein - the mannose 6-phosphate receptor - and for the productive trafficking into cells of cholera toxin and ricin. We have found that the function of syntaxin 16 was specifically required for, and restricted to, the retrograde pathway. Strikingly, syntaxin 5 RNA interference protected cells particularly strongly against Shiga toxin. Since our trafficking analysis showed that apart from inhibiting retrograde endosome-to-TGN transport, the silencing of syntaxin 5 had no additional effect on Shiga toxin endocytosis or trafficking from TGN/Golgi membranes to the endoplasmic reticulum, we hypothesize that syntaxin 5 also has trafficking-independent functions. In summary, our data demonstrate that several cellular and exogenous cargo proteins use elements of the same SNARE machinery for efficient retrograde transport between early/recycling endosomes and TGN/Golgi membranes.
Uniform Epitaxial Growth of Modulation-Doped GaAs/Ga<sub>0.7</sub>Al<sub>0.3</sub>As on Three-Inch Substrate by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1986)

The uniform epitaxial growth of a modulation-doped structure on a three-inch substrate was achieved by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The mobility of the structure at 77 K was between 61,000 and 71,000 cm 2 /(V.s), and the variation of the sheet carrier concentration was ±6.8% over the whole wafer except in the edge region of 5 mm. Furthermore, adjustment of the growth conditions gave an electron mobility as high as 322,000 cm 2 /(V.s) at 4.2 K. A horizontal reactor configuration with substrate rotation produces uniform growth with an abrupt interface on a large area.
Ce-doped TiO<sub> 2</sub> Insulators in Thin Film Electroluminescent Devices (1997)

Cerium-doped TiO 2 thin films have been prepared by reactive RF sputtering. At low Ce concentration, X-ray diffraction indicates that the films have the anatase structure. Ce concentrations higher than 1.2 at.% result in an amorphization of the film which remains stable up to 873 K. The TiO 2 electrical properties have been stabilized and improved by cerium doping, resulting in a lower conductivity (10 -9 Ω -1 m -1 ), a higher electrical breakdown strength (2 ×10 7 V/m), and a high value of the permittivity (45±5). The implementation of amorphous TiO 2 :Ce thin films as insulator layers in ZnS:Mn alternating current thin film electroluminescent devices (ACTFELD) results in a significant drop in the threshold operating voltage and a notable increase in the device brightness compared with ACTFELD containing Y 2 O 3 or BaTa 2 O 6 insulator layers. Rapid thermal annealing further improves the performance of the electroluminescent device.
Manufacturing of composite structures with a built-in network of piezoceramics (1998)

Abstract A manufacturing method was developed for integrating a network of distributed piezoceramic actuators/sensors onto laminated carbon/epoxy composite structures. The network of built-in actuators/sensors is used to monitor the health of the host composite structure by acquiring information about the condition of the structure throughout its service life. The manufacturing method applies the printed circuit technique to fabricate a thin flexible layer with a network of piezoceramics. It is used as an extra ply that is either inserted into or bonded onto the surface of a composite laminate to give it actuating and sensing capabilities. This layer that provides the added functionality is referred to as the “SMART Layer” (Stanford Multi-Actuator-Receiver Transduction Layer). Using the developed method, several SMART Layer prototypes have been fabricated and embedded inside carbon fiber composite laminates successfully. Tests were conducted on composite panels integrated with the SMART Layer to validate the design and the manufacturing procedure.
Design of hyper redundant robot using ball screw mechanism approach (2015)

Hyper redundant robots are highly used in inaccessible environments. This capability is due to the numerous degrees of freedom (DOFs) of this structure. Using cables and tendons, pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, based on the flexible backbone, are the solutions to build these kind of robots. In this paper, new approach that using ball screw mechanism is provided. The designed approach is the novel combination of serial base and parallel structured actuators. The proposed robot has 12 DOFs in 6 sections. Each section actuated by 2 cylinders that moving by ball screw mechanism. The modeling of robot generated in SOLIDWORKS and simulated in ADAMS software. In all steps, the relationships work in a modular mode, that are more generalized to have 2N degrees of freedom.
IEEE802.16/WiMAX-Based Broadband Wireless Networks: Protocol Engineering, Applications, and Services (2007)

IEEE 802.16/WiMAX-based broadband and mobile wireless access is expected to be a significant component in the next generation (e.g., beyond 3G, 4G) wireless systems. IEEE 802.16/WiMAX standard, which incorporates several advanced radio transmission technologies such as orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), adaptive modulation and coding, and adaptive forward error correction (FEC), is designed to provide broadband wireless capability using a well-defined quality-of-service (QoS) framework. Therefore, this is a promising technology for wireless services requiring high- rate transmission (in the range of tens of Mbps) and strict QoS requirements in both indoor and outdoor environments. This technology is currently of big interest to researchers and practitioners involved in the design, analysis, installation, and management of mobile broadband wireless access systems and networks. The objective of this tutorial is to provide a complete overview on the IEEE 802.16/WiMAX standard and the current state-of-the-art research on the design, analysis, and optimization of IEEE802.16/WiMAX-based networks. The key technical challenges related to protocol engineering in these networks are described. The aim is to provide a survey on the emerging IEEE 802.16/WiMAX technology rather than an in-depth study on a specific protocol engineering problem. An overview of the different evolutions of the IEEE 802.16/WiMAX standard broadband wireless access (BWA) is presented and the open research issues in protocol engineering (e.g., for radio resource management, mobility support, security) are identified. A comprehensive survey on radio resource management, traffic scheduling, admission control, mobility management, and security mechanisms for IEEE 802.16/WiMAX are provided. A comparative performance study among the third-generation (3G) and the IEEE 802.16-based systems is provided. Several applications (e.g., wireless telemedicine and e-health services), services and deployment scenarios are described and the necessary protocol design and engineering issues are outlined.
Membrane transporters and folate homeostasis: intestinal absorption and transport into systemic compartments and tissues (2009)

Members of the family of B9 vitamins are commonly known as folates. They are derived entirely from dietary sources and are key one-carbon donors required for de novo nucleotide and methionine synthesis. These highly hydrophilic molecules use several genetically distinct and functionally diverse transport systems to enter cells: the reduced folate carrier, the proton-coupled folate transporter and the folate receptors. Each plays a unique role in mediating folate transport across epithelia and into systemic tissues. The mechanism of intestinal folate absorption was recently uncovered, revealing the genetic basis for the autosomal recessive disorder hereditary folate malabsorption, which results from loss-of-function mutations in the proton-coupled folate transporter gene. It is therefore now possible to piece together how these folate transporters contribute, both individually and collectively, to folate homeostasis in humans. This review focuses on the physiological roles of the major folate transporters, with a brief consideration of their impact on the pharmacological activities of antifolates.
Enumeration of Functional T-Cell Subsets by Fluorescence-Immunospot Defines Signatures of Pathogen Burden in Tuberculosis (2010)

Fluorescence-immunospot is a quantitative, accurate measure of functional T-cell subsets; identification of cytokine-signatures of pathogen burden, distinct clinical stages of M. tuberculosis infection and long-term immune containment suggests application for treatment monitoring and vaccine evaluation.
Left and right hand gesture classification using scatter diagram and Principle Component Analysis (2012)

This study investigates and acts as a trial clinical outcome for human motion and hand behaviour analysis in consensus of subject's habit related quality of life. It was developed to analyse and access the quality of human hands motion that can be used in hospitals, clinics and human motion researches. It aims to establish how widespread the quality of life effects of human motion. An experiment was set up in a laboratory environment with conjunction of analysing human hand motion and its habit. Sensors are attached on both wrists. The instruments demonstrate adequate internal consistency of findings: 1. it is hard for subject to draw a perfect circle whether using left or right hand and this is supported by descriptive statistical data and scatter diagram. 2. Subject's left hand unable to draw a perfect circle or square. These two drawings are looks alike and it is supported by PCA analysis. A simple and informative representation for statistical data, scatter diagram and PCA plot were developed to demonstrate the results.
An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Course Timetabling (2006)

Course timetabling is a complex problem and cannot be dealt with using only a few general principles. Each actor (i.e. the administrator, the chairman, the instructor and the student) has his own objective, and these objectives are usually conflicting. The complicated relationships between time periods, classes, classrooms, and instructors make it difficult to attain a feasible solution. In this article, we propose an artificial intelligence approach that integrates expert systems and constraint programming to implement a course timetabling system. Expert systems are utilized to incorporate knowledge into the timetabling system and to provide the reasoning capability for knowledge deduction. The separation of the knowledge base, facts and the inference engine in expert systems provides greater flexibility to support changes. The constraint hierarchy is utilized to capture hard and soft constraints and to reason about constraints using constraint satisfaction and relaxation techniques. Moreover, object-oriented software engineering is applied to improve the development and maintenance of the course timetabling system. A course timetabling system in the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering at National Changhua University of Education (NCUE) is used as an illustrate example for the proposed approach
Antioxidant-Sensitive Regulation of Inflammatory-Response Genes in Kaposi's Sarcoma Cells (1996)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal vascular lesion characterized by abnormal proliferation of endothelial-like KS cells linked to a pronounced leukocyte infiltration. KS lesions contain novel herpes-like DNA sequences, KSHV, hypothesized to originate from the viral pathogen for KS. Using cultured KS cells that retain the KSHV sequences, diverse signals, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL) 1 beta, polyinosinic acid/polycytidylic acid and lipopolysaccharide, induced the expression of the cytokine IL-6 and cellular adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte recruitment, including vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). The thiol-antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) selectively inhibited > 90% of the activation of nuclear factor kappa B-like DNA binding activity in KS cells. PDTC also reduced by > 85% induced levels of VCAM-1 and IL-6 at the mRNA, protein, and functional levels in KS cells. In contrast, PDTC did not inhibit the induced expression of either ICAM-1 or E-selectin. These studies show that PDTC differentially modulates the expression of inflammatory response genes in KS cells that contain KSHV, suggesting that reduction-oxidation-sensitive events are involved in the regulation of these genes. These studies also suggest that thiol-antioxidants such as PDTC may play a potentially therapeutic role in the treatment of KS by preventing induction of specific inflammatory response genes that may be involved in the pathogenesis of KS.
Design and synthesis of enediyne-based peptide with selective peptide-cleaving activity (2010)

A hybrid peptide-enediyne molecule was synthesised and shown to undergo selective intramolecular peptide chain cleavage by the 1,4-diyl radical, the potential intermediate of the enediyne system.
Explicit Recursive and Adaptive Filtering in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (2014)

This brief presents a methodology to develop recursive filters in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Unlike previous approaches that exploit the kernel trick on filtered and then mapped samples, we explicitly define the model recursivity in the Hilbert space. For that, we exploit some properties of functional analysis and recursive computation of dot products without the need of preimaging or a training dataset. We illustrate the feasibility of the methodology in the particular case of the γ-filter, which is an infinite impulse response filter with controlled stability and memory depth. Different algorithmic formulations emerge from the signal model. Experiments in chaotic and electroencephalographic time series prediction, complex nonlinear system identification, and adaptive antenna array processing demonstrate the potential of the approach for scenarios where recursivity and nonlinearity have to be readily combined.
MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF L-LYSINE (1971)

Mutants sensitive to fairly low concentration of threonine or methionine were derived from Brevibacterium flavum No. 2247 (ATCC 14067). These mutants were classified into three by the growth inhibition by threonine or methionine; type A was inhibited only by threonine, type B only by methionine, and type C by both threonine and methionine. Further, every type of mutants was divided into two subtypes by their growth response; one whose growth was inhibited by threonine (or methionine) was to be recovered in the coexistence of methionine (or threonine), and the other could not be recovered.Among these six types of mutants, one whose growth was inhibited by either methionine or threonine but could be recovered by threonine or methionine, respectively, was found to produce much lysine. This character is similar to that of the threonine-sensitive and methionine-sensitive revertant derived from a homoserine auxotroph lacking homoserine dehydrogenase activity. Homoserine dehydrogenase level of these revertants and the above-mentioned lysine-producing mutants were similar, being about 3% of the original strain, No. 2247, but a little difference was observed in the minimal inhibiting concentration of threonine or methionine and the kind of agents diminishing the inhibition by threonine or methionine.Furthermore, about one-half of threonine auxotrophs which were derived from the above-mentioned lysine-producing mutants sensitive to either threonine or methionine were found to produce larger amounts of lysine than the above parental mutants.A modified microbiological assay procedure using lysine auxotroph was introduced to isolate non-auxotrophic lysine-producing mutants directly from No. 2247. However, no mutants other than the two known types of lysine- producer (threonine- sensitive, methionine-sensitive mutants and S-(2-aminoethyl)- L-cysteine-resistant mutants) were found through this procedure.
The Results of Monitoring Platform Ellen Cathodic Protection for Two Years (1983)

Abstract This report summarizes the results of two years of monitoring the cathodic protection system of Shell Oil Company's first Pacific Ocean platform--Ellen. Data obtained have verified adequacy of achieved protection on this structure and provided background information already used to eliminate unnecessary conservatism in a subsequent CP design for the same location. Full jacket protection was achieved on Ellen in reasonable time, with higher initial currents and lower maintenance currents than were expected. Anode lifetimes approximately double the design value will result from the lower maintenance currents, which average 56 ma/m2 (5.2 ma/ft2) after two years. Less than adequate well conductor potentials have been traced to an anode distribution deficiency, which is correctable on future designs through the use of larger numbers of smaller anodes more easily distributed throughout the structure, with special emphasis on the well conductor zone.
Electronic and optical properties of vanadium doped silicon carbide crystals grown by the sublimation sandwich method (2002)

Cathodoluminescence-mapping experiments of n- and p-type 6H SiC intentionally doped with vanadium (V) show a local anti-correlation of the V/sup 4+/ related IR-luminescence and the near bandedge donor-acceptor pair luminescence (N/spl rarr/Al). This fact indicates, that V acts as minority carrier lifetime determining impurity. The suppression of the V/sup 4+/ luminescence near crystallographic defects is discussed under the possible mechanism of V precipitate formation. The binding-energy of the V/sup 4+/5+/ donor level is determined to E/sub v/+1.57/spl plusmn/0.05 eV by photoluminescence excitation measurements.
Assessment of Visual Reliance in Balance Control: An Inexpensive Extension of the Static Posturography (2014)

Ability of humans to maintain balance in an upright stance and during movement activities is one of the most natural skills affecting everyday life. This ability progressively deteriorates with increasing age, and balance impairment, often aggravated by age-related diseases, can result in falls that adversely impact the quality of life. Falls represent serious problems of health concern associated with aging. Many investigators, involved in different science disciplines such as medicine, engineering, psychology, and sport, have been attracted by a research of the human upright stance. In a clinical practice, stabilometry based on the force plate is the most widely available procedure used to evaluate the balance. In this paper, we have proposed a low-cost extension of the conventional stabilometry by the multimedia technology that allows identifying potentially disturbing effects of visual sensory information. Due to the proposed extension, a stabilometric assessment in terms of line integral of center of pressure (COP) during moving scene stimuli shows higher discrimination power between young healthy and elderly subjects with supposed stronger visual reliance.
An Overview of the Research on Texture Based Plant Leaf Classification (2013)

Plant classification has a broad application prospective in agriculture and medicine, and is especially significant to the biology diversity research. As plants are vitally important for environmental protection, it is more important to identify and classify them accurately. Plant leaf classification is a technique where leaf is classified based on its different morphological features. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of different aspects of texture based plant leaf classification and related things. At last we will be concluding about the efficient method i.e. the method that gives better performance compared to the other methods.
Improving UIS gas drainage in underground coal mines (2008)

Gas drainage is considered one of the most effective controls in preventing coal and gas outbursts. The advances in mining equipment technology over the last 20 years have led to a significant increase in coal mine production, resulting in increased coal mine gas emission during the coal extraction process. High gas emissions, if not effectively managed, may exceed the diluting capability of the mine's ventilation system, potentially exceeding the statutory limit, resulting in gas related production delays. The development of underground to inseam (UIS) gas drainage is discussed. The study is focused on a range of factors which impact gas drainage and proposes actions to improve drainage performance.
Plasma erosion switches with imploding plasma loads on a multiterawatt pulsed power generator (1981)

Plasma erosion switches have been fielded on the PITHON generator during imploding plasma experiments. Theta pinch plasma guns were used to inject carbon plasmas of densities in the range of 1012–1014 cm3 between the electrodes of the vacuum power feed region, upstream from an imploding plasma load. Current monitors indicated that the erosion switches carried substantial current early in time, diverting it from the load. Late in the pulse the erosion switches opened, transferring the current to an imploding plasma with the effect of sharpening the current rise time at the load. Associated withthe sharper rise time was an improvement in the quality of the plasma implosions. The results of varying the density and total number of particles in the plasma of the switches are presented with regard to the effect on the current along the vacuum feed and on the behavior of vacuum flowing electrons.