gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of quercetin and surgicel for preventing adhesions after gynecological surgery: A rat uterine horn model (2016)

Quercetin, Surgicel and quercetin + Surgicel treatment may be useful for preventing pelvic adhesions.
Charge Density Quantification of Polyelectrolyte Polysaccharides by Conductometric Titration: An Analytical Chemistry Experiment (2011)

An easy analytical method for determination of the charge density of polyelectrolytes, including polysaccharides and other biopolymers, is presented. The basic principles of conductometric titration, which is used in the pulp and paper industry as well as in colloid and interface science, were adapted to quantify the charge densities of a negatively charged polysaccharide (pectin) and a positively charged biopolymer (chitosan), two biomacromolecules commonly used in food and biomaterials applications. This novel conductometric titration method can be easily applied in most analytical chemistry teaching laboratories, due to its ease-of-use, safety, and educational benefits. This analytical technique can also be used in a wide-range of laboratory activities and has extensive research applications in areas of chemistry involving charged biopolymers, such as food science, materials science, and physical chemistry.
One-stage procedure in the management of acute sigmoid volvulus. (1999)

In a descriptive prospective study, twenty-seven patients with sigmoid volvulus and three with ileosigmoid knotting had primary resection of the redundant sigmoid colon with immediate anastomosis after intraoperative antegrade colonic irrigation. There was no clinical anastomotic leak nor mortality in any of our patients. Superficial wound infection occurred in four patients (13.3%). Intraoperative colonic irrigation time ranged between 25 to 50 minutes with a volume of saline/Hartmann's required to achieve a clean colon ranging between 1.5 to 5.0 litres. The duration of hospital stay ranged between 7 and 14 days. The result of this study suggests that resection of acute sigmoid volvulus and primary anastomosis after antegrade intraoperative colonic lavage is safe provided the patient is reasonably fit.
Transpeptidation by Porcine Pepsin Catalyzed by a Noncovalent Intermediate Unique to Its Iso-mechanism (1998)

Porcine pepsin proteolysis of the hexapeptide Leu-Ser-p-nitro-Phe-Nle-Ala-Leu-OMe (where OMe = methoxy and Nle = norleucine) in the presence of dipeptide Leu-Leu synthesizes a new hexapeptide Leu-Ser-p-nitro-Phe-Leu-Leu. Contrary to transpeptidation kinetics of other proteases, which depend upon an acyl-enzyme intermediate, the time course for pepsin-catalyzed transpeptidation displays a distinct lag before reaching a steady-state reaction velocity. Moreover, this lag is coupled to burst kinetics for the formation of proteolytic products, Leu-Ser-p-nitro-Phe and Nle-Ala-Leu-OMe. The lag requires that free Leu-Ser-p-nitro-Phe accumulate in the reaction medium during the lag phase and subsequently rebind for transpeptidation. Consistent with this dissociative kinetic mechanism are normal solvent isotope effects on formation of the proteolytic products Leu-Ser-p-nitro-Phe (vH/vD = 2.2 +/- 0.2) and Nle-Ala-Leu-OMe (vH/vD = 1.8 +/- 0.1) as opposed to an inverse effect on the formation of the transpeptidation product Leu-Ser-p-nitro-Phe-Leu-Leu (vH/vD = 0.40 +/- 0.09). Because proteolysis is slower in D2O but transpeptidation is faster, the isotopically sensitive step must occur after release of both products of proteolysis, which precludes putative acyl-enzyme covalent intermediates. Isotopically enhanced transpeptidation is a new type of isotope effect but one that is consistent with the Uni Bi iso-mechanism previously postulated on the basis of solvent isotope effects on Vmax but not on Vmax/Km (Rebholz, K. L., and Northrop, D. B. (1991) Biochem. Biophys Res. Commun. 179, 65-69) and confirmed by solvent isotope effects on the onset of inhibition by pepstatin (Cho, Y.-K., Rebholz, K. L., and Northrop, D. B. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 9637-9642). As a new biochemical mechanism for peptide bond synthesis that has a potential for applications in biotechnology, it is here proposed that the energy necessary to drive peptide synthesis from free peptides comes from the sizable free energy drop associated with rehydration of the active site of pepsin in 55 M water.
Radiological Studies Reveal Radial Differences in the Architecture of the Polysaccharide Capsule of<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (2005)

The polysaccharide capsule of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is an important virulence factor, but relatively little is known about its architecture. We applied a combination of radiological, chemical, and serological methods to investigate the structure of this polysaccharide capsule. Exposure of C. neoformans cells to gamma radiation, dimethyl sulfoxide, or radiolabeled monoclonal antibody removed a significant part of the capsule. Short intervals of gamma irradiation removed the outer portion of the cryptococcal capsule without killing cells, which could subsequently repair their capsules. Survival analysis of irradiated wild-type, acapsular mutant, and complemented mutant strains demonstrated that the capsule contributed to radioprotection and had a linear attenuation coefficient higher than that of lead. The capsule portions remaining after dimethyl sulfoxide or gamma radiation treatment were comparable in size, 65 to 66 microm3, and retained immunoreactivity for a monoclonal antibody to glucuronoxylomannan. Simultaneous or sequential treatment of the cells with dimethyl sulfoxide and radiation removed the remaining capsule so that it was not visible by light microscopy. The capsule could be protected against radiation by either of the free radical scavengers ascorbic acid and sorbitol. Sugar composition analysis of polysaccharide removed from the outer and inner parts of the capsule revealed significant differences in glucuronic acid and xylose molar ratios, implying differences in the chemical structure of the constituent polysaccharides. Our results provide compelling evidence for the existence of two zones in the C. neoformans capsule that differ in susceptibility to dimethyl sulfoxide and radiation and, possibly, in packing and composition.
Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinical genomics and pharmacogenetic perspectives (2006)

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of single-gene disorders characterised by degeneration of the corticospinal tract axons, leading to bilateral, symmetrical, slowly-progressive spastic paraparesis, predominantly of the lower extremities. So far, ~ 30 different chromosomal HSP loci have been identified by genetic linkage analysis. Defects in intracellular trafficking and transport in myelination and abnormalities of mitochondrial proteins have been involved in HSP pathogenesis. At present, treatment of the HSPs is primarily directed symptomatically toward reducing muscle spasticity. Yet, recent progresses in the identification of HSP mutations are providing formidable tools to pharmacogenetic approaches of drug discovery, validation and prediction of individual response.
Photon-Surface-Plasmon Coupling in Thick Ag Foils (1969)

Photon-surface-plasmon coupling is observed in measurements of the optical reflectance of thick vapor-deposited Ag foils. Measurements of the surface-plasmon wave vector demonstrate that the optical excitation of the mode is an indirect process, the coupling mechanism providing the majority of the surface-plasmon momentum. Several experiments are performed in order to distinguish between various possible mechanisms, and only the surface roughness of the foil is found to contribute significantly to the observed interaction. The real and imaginary parts of the frequency-dependent dielectric response function are computed from the ellipsometry data of several foils. The surface-plasmon contribution appears as a resonant excess absorption in the imaginary part of the response, rising as much as 50% above the background level in the cases considered. The response of one foil is computed from data taken at two different angles of incidence in an attempt to observe the nonlocal nature of the portion of the absorption due to the surface-plasmon mode.
Phoneme classification using semicontinuous hidden Markov models (1992)

Speaker-dependent phoneme recognition experiments were conducted using variants of the semicontinuous hidden Markov model (SCHMM) with explicit state duration modeling. Results clearly demonstrated that the SCHMM with state duration offers significantly improved phoneme classification accuracy compared to both the discrete HMM and the continuous HMM; the error rate was reduced by more than 30% and 20%, respectively. The use of a limited number of mixture densities significantly reduced the amount of computation. Explicit state duration modeling further reduced the error rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative Determination of the Chemical Composition of Silica−Poly(norbornene) Nanocomposites (2005)

Nanoparticle hybrid materials consisting of a silica core surrounded by a poly(norbornene) brush have been prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). A quantitative determination of each stage of composite formation has been accomplished, including a determination of the density of surface-bound functional groups, catalyst molecules, and polymer chains. This analysis has enabled the determination of the reaction efficiency between the catalyst and the surface-bound functional groups as well as the determination of the fraction of metal-mediating species that initiate a polymer chain. Control of the chain density was demonstrated by two methods: the use of controlled reaction times between the catalyst and the surface, and the variation of the surface functional group density. Polymer chain densities resulting from composites prepared with different tether structures will also be reported. The resulting brush densities were found to span a wide range, including those previously reported for polymer layers formed by adsorption, grafting of preformed polymer chains, and surface-initiated polymerization (SIP).
Effects of Etoperidone on Sympathetic and Pituitary-Adrenal Responses to Diverse Stressors in Humans (1993)

The effects of the psychotropic drug etoperidone on the response to laboratory stressors was investigated in a controlled study. Cardiovascular and hormonal (catecholamines, corticotropin, and cortisol) measurements were made in a group of young, healthy volunteers during a cold pressor test (CPT), a mental arithmetic test (MAT), and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (ITT). One-week treatment with etoperidone (ETO) (150 mg/day, orally) reduced basal and stress-induced values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) on CPT, while it did not alter catecholamine output in response to the stressor. Cardiovascular response was also attenuated after ETO on MAT, in the absence of any hormone changes. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol secretions were markedly reduced on ITT after ETO, whereas catecholamine outflow and cardiovascular parameters were substantially unaffected. These findings on ITT suggest that the anti-serotoninergic and anti-alpha 1-adrenergic activities of ETO may be used in the pharmacological control of the potentially detrimental consequences of the stress response.
Fiber optic pH sensor based on phase fluorescence lifetimes (1993)

A fiber optic pH sensor based on single fiber phase fluorescence lifetime measurements of commercially available fluorescence indicators is described. The apparatus is a straightforward modification of an existing phase fluorometer and exhibits accuracy and precision of approximately 0.02 pH unit. The approach is applicable to other analytes and indicators, as well as evanescent wave sensing schemes.
Magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, before and after successful therapy with infliximab: Evaluation of a new scoring system (2003)

This novel MRI scoring system performed well in assessing acute inflammation by using STIR and post-Gd-DTPA sequences. In correlation with clinical improvement in patients with active AS who were treated with infliximab, significant regression of spinal inflammation was shown by using the MRI activity scores.
Throughput enhancement in WiMax mesh networks using concurrent transmission (2005)

The WiMax mesh networks based on IEEE 802.16 standard (2004) was developed with the goal of providing for easy, fast and cost-effective network set-up, deployment and extension. The standard defines scheduling scheme in mesh mode, but don't specify spatial resource management in the protocol. In this paper, we design a general algorithm for SSs to achieve concurrent transmission in both uplink and downlink streams. Constructing and adjustment of routing tree is also given in the paper. Simulation results show that overall end-to-end throughput is greatly improved when using our proposed algorithm for concurrency, and that the algorithm performs best when the routing tree is adjusted.
Notch Signaling Requires GATA-2 to Inhibit Myelopoiesis from Embryonic Stem Cells and Primary Hemopoietic Progenitors (2006)

The bone marrow and thymus, although both hemopoietic environments, induce very distinct differentiation outcomes. The former supports hemopoietic stem cell self-renewal and multiple hemopoietic lineages, while the latter supports T lymphopoiesis almost exclusively. This distinction suggests that the thymic environment acts to restrict the hemopoietic fates available to thymic immigrants. In this study, we demonstrate that the addition of the Notch ligand Delta-like-1 (Dll-1) to an in vitro system that otherwise supports myelopoiesis, greatly reduces the myelopoietic potential of stem cells or uncommitted progenitors. In contrast, committed myeloid progenitors mature regardless of the presence of Dll-1. The block in myelopoiesis is the direct result of Notch signaling within the hemopoietic progenitor, and Dll-1-induced signals cause a rapid increase in the expression of the zinc finger transcription factor GATA-2. Importantly, in the absence of GATA-2, Dll-1-induced signals fail to inhibit commitment to the myeloid fate. Taken together, our results support a role for GATA-2 in allowing Dll-1 to restrict non-T cell lineage differentiation outcomes.
Interaction of Neurochondrin with the Melanin-concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 Interferes with G Protein-coupled Signal Transduction but Not Agonist-mediated Internalization (2006)

Screening of a human brain cDNA library using the C-terminal tail of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) as bait in a yeast two-hybrid assay resulted in the identification of the neurite-outgrowth related factor, neurochondrin. This interaction was verified in overlay, pulldown, and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Deletion mapping confined the binding to the C terminus of neurochondrin and to the proximal C terminus of MCHR1, a region known to be involved in G protein binding and signal transduction. This region of the MCHR1 is also able to interact with the actin- and intermediate filament-binding protein, periplakin. Interactions of MCHR1 with neurochondrin and periplakin were competitive, indicating that these two proteins bind to overlapping regions of MCHR1. Although neurochondrin did not interfere with melanin-concentrating hormone-mediated internalization of the receptor, it did inhibit G protein-coupled signal transduction via both Galpha(i/o) and Galpha(q/11) family G proteins as measured by each of melanin-concentrating hormone-induced G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) channel activity of voltage-clamped amphibian oocytes, by calcium mobilization in transfected mammalian cells, and by reduction in the capacity of melanin-concentrating hormone to promote binding of [(35)S]guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate to both Galpha(o1) and Galpha(11). Immunohistochemistry revealed co-expression of neurochondrin and MCHR1 within the rodent brain, suggesting that neurochondrin may be involved in the regulation of MCHR1 signaling and play a role in modulating melanin-concentrating hormone-mediated functions in vivo.
Double Reduction and Exact Solutions of Zakharov—Kuznetsov Modified Equal width Equation with Power Law Nonlinearity via Conservation Laws (2013)

The conservation laws for the (1+2)-dimensional Zakharov—Kuznetsov modified equal width (ZK-MEW) equation with power law nonlinearity are constructed by using Noether's approach through an interesting method of increasing the order of this equation. With the aid of an obtained conservation law, the generalized double reduction theorem is applied to this equation. It can be shown that the reduced equation is a second order nonlinear ODE. Finally, some exact solutions for a particular case of this equation are obtained after solving the reduced equation.
Endogenous Sex Hormones and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Older Men and Women: the Rancho Bernardo Study (2002)

Low testosterone levels in men and high testosterone levels in women predict insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes in older adults.
A new anomaly detection method based on hierarchical HMM (2004)

The state transition, which is hidden in the hidden Markov model (HMM), can be used to characterize the intrinsic difference between normal action and intrusion behavior. So HMM is an efficient way to detect anomalies. A new anomaly detection method based on a hierarchical HMM is proposed based on the concept of normal database and abnormal database. It is shown by analysis and simulation results that the proposed method is effective to increase the accuracy of anomaly detection.
The missing piece syndrome in peer-to-peer communication (2010)

Typical protocols for peer-to-peer file sharing over the Internet divide files to be shared into pieces. New peers strive to obtain a complete collection of pieces from other peers and from a seed. In this paper we identify a problem that can occur if the seeding rate is not large enough. The problem is that, even if the statistics of the system are symmetric in the pieces, there can be symmetry breaking, with one piece becoming very rare. If peers depart after obtaining a complete collection, they can tend to leave before helping other peers receive the rare piece.
Application of reverse time migration to complex imaging problems (2006)

Paul A. Farmer, Ian F. Jones, Hongbo Zhou, Robert I. Bloor, and Mike C. Goodwin explain the revival of interest in reverse time migration with some examples from the North Sea of model building and migrating with the full acoustic two-way wave equation. Standard shot-based one-way wavefield extrapolation (WE) preSDM techniques image the subsurface by downward continuing the source and receiver wave-fields for each shot. The imaging condition is invoked by cross correlating these two wave-fields at each depth level, and then summing the contributions from all shots in the aperture to form the image. One of the assumptions made in using this technique is that the wave-fields travel along the direction of extrapolation only in one direction: downwards for the source wave-field, and upwards for the receiver or scattered wave-field. In practice, each of these wave-fields will generally travel both up and down when the velocity model is complex, when turning (diving) ray-paths are involved, or when multiples are being generated. In addition, approximations in the extrapolation techniques usually limit the dips present in the final image to less than seventy degrees. Steeper dips, and turning rays are usually imaged using Kirchhoff techniques, but these fail to deliver acceptable images once we have a multi-pathing problem. One technique which can address all these issues is migration using the two-way wave equation. Here, we have used an anisotropic reverse time migration (RTM) algorithm to achieve this. RTM properly propagates the wave-field through velocity structures of arbitrary complexity, correctly imaging dips greater than 90 degrees. It even has the potential to image with internal multiples when the boundaries responsible for the multiple are present in the model. Although hitherto considered economically impracticable, recent enhancements to computing capacity, both in terms of CPU speeds and highly efficient hardware infrastructure, have made RTM commercially viable. Following an historical review of the approximations used in migration, we will show anisotropic RTM examples from the North Sea, outlining the potential benefit of model building and migrating with the full acoustic two-way wave equation.
Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (2005)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for a large proportion of cancer deaths worldwide. HCC is frequently diagnosed after the development of clinical deterioration at which time survival is measured in months. Long-term survival requires detection of small tumors, often present in asymptomatic individuals, which may be more amenable to invasive therapeutic options. Surveillance of high-risk individuals for HCC is commonly performed using the serum marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) often in combination with ultrasonography. Various other serologic markers are currently being tested to help improve surveillance accuracy. Diagnosis of HCC often requires more sophisticated imaging modalities such as CT scan and MRI, which have multiphasic contrast enhancement capabilities. Serum AFP used alone can be helpful if levels are markedly elevated, which occurs in fewer than half of cases at time of diagnosis. Confirmation by liver biopsy can be performed under circumstances when the diagnosis of HCC remains unclear.
Pharmacological Treatments for Cocaine Dependence: Is There Something New? (2011)

Promising pharmacological approaches have emerged for the treatment of cocaine dependence, but larger, randomized, placebo-controlled studies are needed for some medications. Preclinical studies suggest new targets of interest in cocaine dependence. The optimal therapeutic platform is the combination of pharmacotherapies with behavioral therapies.
Heparan Sulfate/Heparin Oligosaccharides Protect Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 against Proteolysis Induced by CD26/Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (2004)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a CXC chemokine that is constitutively expressed in most tissues and displayed on the cell surface in association with heparan sulfate (HS). Its numerous biological effects are mediated by a specific G protein-coupled receptor, CXCR4. A number of cells inactivate SDF-1 by specific processing of the N-terminal domain of the chemokine. In particular, CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that co-distributes with CXCR4 at the cell surface, mediates the selective removal of the N-terminal dipeptide of SDF-1. We report here that heparin and HS specifically prevent the processing of SDF-1 by DPP IV expressed by Caco-2 cells. The level of processing increases with the level of differentiation of these cells, which correlates with an increase of DPP IV activity. A mutant SDF-1 that does not interact with HS is readily cleaved by DPP IV, a process that is not inhibited by HS, demonstrating that a productive interaction between HS and SDF-1 is required for the protection to take place. Moreover, we found that protection depends on the degree of polymerization of the HS sulfated S-domains. Finally a structural model of SDF-1, in complex with HS oligosaccharides of defined length, rationalizes the experimental data. The mechanisms by which HS regulates SDF-1 may thus include, in addition to its ability to locally concentrate the chemokine at the cell surface, a control of selective protease cleavage events that directly affect the chemokine activity.