gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fungitoxic Effects of Extracts of Azadirachta Indica against Cochliobolus Miyabeanus causing Brown Spot Disease of Rice (2002)

The oil extract from seeds of Azadirachta indica as well as water and ethanol leaf extracts of the plant were effective in reducing the radial growth of Cochliobolus miyabeanus in culture and in checking the spread of brown spot disease in rice. The oil extract was found to be the most effective, followed by ethanol leaf extract, in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen in vitro and in checking the development of the disease in vivo . Although the cold water extract from the plant leaf reduced the radial growth of the pathogen in culture, it failed to reduce the incidence and severity of the disease as effectively as the oil and ethanol extracts. The oil and ethanol extracts compared favourably with carbendazim (Bavistin) at 0.1% a.i and have the potential for control of brown spot disease of rice in the field.
<title>Fabrication of high-rejection low-loss filters by the concatenation of broadly chirped fiber Bragg gratings</title> (1997)

Single- and multiple-bandpass filters with broad, high- rejection stopbands and narrow, low-loss passbands are significant components for fiber networks. Hitherto, this combination of characteristics has proved elusive using in- fiber grating techniques. Here, we report the realization of practical single-passband filters synthesized from concatenated chirped broadband fiber gratings written holographically in a highly photosensitive fiber. Practical, low-loss (less than 2 dB), single-passband fiber Bragg grating transmission filters have been fabricated with greater than 30 dB out-of-band rejection over a 25 nm spectral width.
The effect of the radio wave propagation model in mobile ad hoc networks (2006)

The simulation of wireless networks has been an important tool for researchers and the industry in the last years. Especially in the field of Mobile Ad Hoc Networking, most current results have been achieved using simulators. The need for reproducible results and easy to observe environments limits the use of real world measurements for those kind of networks.It is stated here that the radio wave propagation model has a strong impact on the results of the simulation run. This work shows the limitations of current simulation environments and describes a high accuracy propagation model based on the use of a ray-tracer. By using a parallelized preprocessing step we made this propagation model feasible for usage in network simulators. Based on two examples, the effects on characteristic performance properties in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are shown. We found that the physical layer simulation has a great impact on routing protocol efficiency.
A fast packet switch for the integrated services backbone network (1988)

With the projected growth in demand for bandwidth and telecommunication services will come the requirement for a multiservice backbone network of far greater efficiency, capacity, and flexibility than ISDN (integrated-services digital network) is able to satisfy. This class of network has been termed the broadband ISDN, and the design of the switching nodes of such a network is the subject of much research. The author investigates one possible solution. The design and performance, for multiservice traffic, is presented for a fast packet switch based on a nonbuffered, multistage interconnection network. It is shown that for an implementation in current CMOS technology, operating at 50 MHz, switches with a total traffic capacity of up to 150 Gb/s can be constructed. Furthermore, if the reserved service traffic load is limited on each input port to a maximum of 80% of switch port saturation, then a maximum delay across the switch of on the order of 100 mu s can be guaranteed, for 99% of the reserved service traffic, regardless of the unreserved service traffic load.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research Progress on the Relationship between Coronary Artery Calcification and Chronic Renal Failure (2018)

Coronary heart disease in patients with CRF is due to multiple factors. Understanding the mechanism of CAC can help interventionists to protect the myocardium and reduce the prevalence of coronary heart disease and mortality.
Using camera-phones to interact with context-aware mobile services (2021)

We describe an interaction technique for controlling site-specific mobile services using commercially available camera-phones, public information displays and visual tags. We report results from an experimental study validating this technique in terms of pointing speed and accuracy. Our results show that even novices can use camera-phones to “point-and-click” on visual tags quickly and accurately. We have built a publicly available client/server software framework for rapid development of applications that exploit our interaction technique. We describe two prototype applications that were implemented using this framework and present findings from user-experience studies based on these applications.
Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Atherosclerosis by 2-Aminopurine in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice (2013)

We previously reported that the apolipoprotein (apo) B48-carrying lipoproteins obtained from apoE knockout (apoE (-/-) ) mice, so called E(-)/B48 lipoproteins, transformed mouse macrophages into foam cells and enhanced the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α (eIF-2 α ). Furthermore, the eIF-2 α phosphorylation inhibitor, 2-aminopurine (2-AP), attenuated E(-)/B48 lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation. The present report studied the effect of 2-AP on atherosclerosis in apoE (-/-) mice. Our results showed that the level of food intake, bodyweight, plasma cholesterol, and triglycerides was comparable in apoE (-/-) mice treated with or without 2-AP. However, the mean size of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta sinus as well as the surface area of the entire aorta of 2-AP-treated apoE (-/-) mice were reduced by about 55% and 39%, respectively, compared to samples from untreated control apoE (-/-) mice. In addition, the 2-AP-treated apoE (-/-) mice showed a significant decrease in glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and phosphorylated eIF-2 α in their aortic samples as compared to levels in untreated control apoE (-/-) mice. These observations suggest that endoplasmic reticulum stress is a causal mechanism for the development of atherosclerosis in apoE (-/-) mice and that therapeutic strategies can be developed for using eIF-2 α phosphorylation inhibitors, such as 2-AP, to prevent or treat atherosclerosis.
4-Amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dithiol (2007)

We have studied the electrochemistry of the organosulfur compound, 4-amino--1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dithiol (ATAD), as a potential cathode electroactive material for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. The redox behavior was investigated via cyclic voltammetry, and the charge-transfer kinetics of ATAD were compared to those of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) and thiophene-2,5-bis(thiolate) (TBT). The redox reactions of ATAD were ascribed to the thiol groups at the 2 and 5 positions, forming a disulfide polymer during oxidation and cleaving the disulfide bonds during reduction. In addition to its chemical tunablity via the amine group, an important feature that DMcT does not possess, ATAD exhibited comparable charge-transfer kinetics to DMcT. Moreover, the charge-transfer kinetics of ATAD were significantly greater than those of TBT, which possesses chemically tunable points. These results point to the importance of heteroatoms adjacent to the thiolate groups to obtain fast charge-transfer kinetics. Furthermore, it was revealed that the redox reactions of ATAD could be accelerated by the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The chemical tunability of ATAD and the fast charge-transfer kinetics, as well as the high positive potential of the redox reactions, could enable the practical use of this organosulfur compound as a charge-storage material in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.
Outcomes of Brachiocephalic Fistulas, Transposed Brachiobasilic Fistulas, and Upper Arm Grafts (2008)

Transposed brachiobasilic fistulas may be preferred, due to (1) a lower primary failure rate (similar to grafts), and (2) a lower intervention rate (similar to brachiocephalic fistulas). However, this advantage must be balanced against the more complex surgery.
N-syndecan (syndecan 3) from neonatal rat brain binds basic fibroblast growth factor (1993)

The cell surface proteoglycan N-syndecan (syndecan 3) was isolated from neonatal rat brain. Purified brain N-syndecan had biochemical properties very similar to N-syndecan previously identified in Schwann cells: it contained mainly, if not exclusively, heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains and had a core protein with an apparent molecular mass of 120 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. We examined the interactions between purified N-syndecan and extracellular ligands using a solid phase binding assay. It was found that among all proteins tested, including a variety growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules, only basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) exhibited significant N-syndecan binding. N-syndecan binding to bFGF was saturable and exhibited a KD = 0.5 nM. Soluble bFGF effectively competed with immobilized bFGF for binding to N-syndecan, indicating that these two proteins also interact in solution. Heparin and heparan sulfate, but not chondroitin sulfate, inhibited N-syndecan-bFGF binding. Isolated N-syndecan core protein did not exhibit significant binding to bFGF. Thus, the heparan sulfate chains of N-syndecan, rather than its core protein, appear to be responsible for binding to bFGF. Interestingly, acidic fibroblast growth factor, which is structurally similar to bFGF, did not exhibit significant N-syndecan binding. N-syndecan also did not bind to several other heparin-binding proteins used in this study, indicating a high degree of specificity for the N-syndecan-bFGF interaction. Both N-syndecan and bFGF are abundant in neonatal brain, suggesting that N-syndecan may function as a co-receptor for bFGF during nerve tissue development.
Safe Diagram - A Design And Reliability Tool For Turbine Blading. (1988)

been with Dresser-Rand Company for 15 years.Currently, he leads the group responsible for stress and vibration analysis with heavy emphasiS on modern technology, such as finite element analysis, fracture
Wall shear stress calculations based on 3D cine phase contrast MRI and computational fluid dynamics: a comparison study in healthy carotid arteries (2014)

Wall shear stress (WSS) is involved in many pathophysiological processes related to cardiovascular diseases, and knowledge of WSS may provide vital information on disease progression. WSS is generally quantified with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), but can also be calculated using phase contrast MRI (PC-MRI) measurements. In this study, our objectives were to calculate WSS on the entire luminal surface of human carotid arteries using PC-MRI velocities (WSSMRI ) and to compare it with WSS based on CFD (WSSCFD ). Six healthy volunteers were scanned with a 3 T MRI scanner. WSSCFD was calculated using a generalized flow waveform with a mean flow equal to the mean measured flow. WSSMRI was calculated by estimating the velocity gradient along the inward normal of each mesh node on the luminal surface. Furthermore, WSS was calculated for a down-sampled CFD velocity field mimicking the MRI resolution (WSSCFDlowres ). To ensure minimum temporal variation, WSS was analyzed only at diastole. The patterns of WSSCFD and WSSMRI were compared by quantifying the overlap between low, medium and high WSS tertiles. Finally, WSS directions were compared by calculating the angles between the WSSCFD and WSSMRI vectors. WSSMRI magnitude was found to be lower than WSSCFD (0.62 ± 0.18 Pa versus 0.88 ± 0.30 Pa, p < 0.01) but closer to WSSCFDlowres (0.56 ± 0.18 Pa, p < 0.01). WSSMRI patterns matched well with those of WSSCFD. The overlap area was 68.7 ± 4.4% in low and 69.0 ± 8.9% in high WSS tertiles. The angles between WSSMRI and WSSCFD vectors were small in the high WSS tertiles (20.3 ± 8.2°), but larger in the low WSS tertiles (65.6 ± 17.4°). In conclusion, although WSSMRI magnitude was lower than WSSCFD , the spatial WSS patterns at diastole, which are more relevant to the vascular biology, were similar. PC-MRI-based WSS has potential to be used in the clinic to indicate regions of low and high WSS and the direction of WSS, especially in regions of high WSS.
Towards a new Deep Learning Based Approach for the Password Prediction (2020)

Although tools for tracking and monitoring illegal networks have been developed for centuries, current methods available at the moment still need continues improvement. This is due to the fact that tracking and monitoring illegal networks in the cyberspace has become increasingly challenging for law enforcement agencies due to sophisticated encryption algorithms and strong passwords. Password predicting approaches will allow investigators to crack passwords used by criminals to protect their data or their communications. Hence, it will help judges to prosecute authors of crimes since they will have at their disposal all evidences needed which are, until now, hidden thanks to strong passwords. In this paper, we introduce a work-in-progress password guessing approach, called PassGuess to guess a missing character in a given password. PassGuess is powered by deep learning and it already predicts passwords with 80/% accuracy on the train set and 73\% accuracy on the test set for a random missing character in any position for a given password. This model is the very first preliminary work of the PassGuess intended for the purpose of the feasibility study and the authors of this paper are confident that the performance of PassGuess can be improved significantly in the future.
Restoration of neural output from a paralyzed patient by a direct brain connection (1998)

PATIENTS with severe paralysis of limbs, face and vocal apparatus may be intelligent and aware and yet, tragically, unable to communicate. We describe a communication link for such a ‘locked-in’ patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We recorded action potentials in her brain over several months by means of an electrode that induces growth of myelinated fibers into its recording tip. She was able to control the neural signals in an on/off fashion. This result is an important step towards providing such patients with direct control of their environment by interfacing with a computer. Additionally, it indicates that restoration of paralyzed muscles may be possible by using the signals to control muscle stimulators.
Dynamic Terrain Visualization Method using Strip Masks and Its Applications (2006)

In this paper, we give a view-dependent dynamic terrain visualization method using strip masks, and we also present our implementations results. We partition our terrain into several blocks, and we pre-compute a set of strip masks of blocks. At run time, to render the terrain, we simply choose the mask of blocks that represent each part of the terrain to meet our desired visual fidelity. We also combine our algorithm with the physical based model of craters and ruts. Our implementations are running smooth running smoothly in real time, and our craters and ruts are very realistic. The experiments prove our method is feasible and valid
Large-scale, multicentre, quantitative MRI study of brain and cord damage in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (2008)

Although the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of disability in primary progressive (PP) multiple sclerosis (MS) are still unclear, a major role seems to be played by 'occult' tissue damage. We investigated whether conventional and magnetization transfer (MT) MRI may provide complementary information for the assessment of PPMS severity. Conventional and MT MRI scans from 226 PPMS patients and 84 healthy controls were collected for centralized analysis. The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score was rated at the time of MRI acquisition. T2 lesion volume, normalized brain volume (NBV) and cervical cord cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) histograms from whole brain tissue, normal-appearing white matter and grey matter (NAGM) were also obtained. Mean NBV, CSA and MTR histogram-derived metrics showed significant inter-centre heterogeneity. After correcting for the acquisition centre, pooled average MTR and histogram peak height values were different between PPMS patients and controls for all tissue classes (P-values between 0.03 and 0.0001). More severe brain and cord atrophy and MT MRI-detectable NAGM damage were found in patients who required walking aids than in those who did not (P-values: 0.03, 0.001 and 0.016). A composite score of NBV, CSA, whole brain and NAGM MTR histogram peak height z-scores was correlated with patients' EDSS (r = 0.37, P 0.001). Magnetization transfer MRI might provide information complementary to that given by conventional MRI when assessing PPMS severity. Sequence-related variability of measurements makes the standardization of MT MRI acquisition essential for the design of multicentre studies.
Permethylmetallocene, II. Decamethylcobaltocen: Synthese und Umwandlung in methylierte (Aren)(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt‐Kationen (1981)

Abstract Decamethylcobaltocen (1b) wird aus Dibromo(1,2‐dimethoxyethan)cobalt und Pentamethylcyclopentadienyllithium dargestellt. 1b zeigt erhöhte Reaktionsbereitschaft in oxidierenden Additionen mit Elektrophilen RX. Mit Chloriodalkanen führt diese Reaktion zu exo ‐Chloralkyl‐Komplexen, 2c, e , die – wiederum leichter als die entsprechenden Derivate des Cobaltocens (1a) ‐ durch solvolytische Ringerweiterung in permethylierte (Cyclohexadienyl)(cyclopentadienyl)‐cobalt‐Kationen, [3] + , übergehen. Deren Oxidation mit Salpetersäure führt erstmals zu in beiden Ringen methylierten (Aren)(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt‐Dikationen, [6] 2+ .
Practical fast 1-D DCT algorithms with 11 multiplications (2003)

A class of practical fast algorithms is introduced for the discrete cosine transform (DCT). For an 8-point DCT only 11 multiplications and 29 additions are required. A systematic approach is presented for generating the different members in this class, all having the same minimum arithmetic complexity. The structure of many of the published algorithms can be found in members of this class. An extension of the algorithm to longer transformations is presented. The resulting 16-point DCT requires only 31 multiplications and 81 additions, which is, to the authors' knowledge, less than required by previously published algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Second Report of the Multirate Processor (MRP) for Digital Voice Communications. (1982)

This report documents recent developments of the Navy-developed voice processor that provides compatible low-data-rate and high-data-rate voice communication: 2.4 kilobits per second (kb/s) for narrowband channels; 9.6 and 16 kb/s for wideband channels. The compatibility of the narrowband and wideband channels arises from the unique characteristic of the voice processor that the transmitted bit-stream of the 16-kb/s data contains the bit-stream of the 9.6-kb/s data as a subset. Likewise, the bit-stream of the 9.6-kb/s data also contains the bit-stream of the 2.4-kb/s data as a subset. This embedded data structure makes it possible to interconnect, without user intervention, narrowband and wideband systems via a digital rate-converter located somewhere along the link. An advantage of this method of rate conversion is that it permits end-to-end encryption of speech data. Also during overloaded or disrupted channel conditions, communication survivability may be increased by rate reduction and/or rerouting through other available narrowband communication links. This report includes results of intelligibility and conversation tests which indicate the embedded 9.6-kb/s rate compares well with continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSD) at 16 kb/s, and the embedded 16 kb/s performs comparably to CVSD at 32 kb/s. (Author)
Atomistic insights into deep eutectic electrolytes: the influence of urea on the electrolyte salt LiTFSI in view of electrochemical applications (2016)

The influence of urea on the conducting salt lithium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (LiTFSI) in terms of lithium ion coordination numbers and lithium ion transport properties is studied via atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Our results indicate that the presence of urea favors the formation of a deep eutectic electrolyte with pronounced ion conductivities which can be explained by a competition between urea and TFSI in occupying the first coordination shell around lithium ions. All simulation findings verify that high urea concentrations lead to a significant increase of ionic diffusivities and an occurrence of relatively high lithium transference numbers in good agreement with experimental results. The outcomes of our study point at the possible application of deep eutectic electrolytes as ion conducting materials in lithium ion batteries.
Space robotics &#x2014; Present and past challenges (2014)

Space Robotics is a relatively new field of science and engineering that was developed as an answer to growing needs created by space exploration and space missions. New technologies had to be invented and designed in order to meet demands in extremely hostile environments. Those technologies have to work in a gravityless environment, rarefied atmosphere and often in high temperature. This paper recalls some of the major robotics missions in space and explains technologies related to them. Space robotic manipulators, especially flexible link and flexible joint robots are discussed. Autonomous robots for unmanned, long duration mission are presented.
Optimization of object queries containing encapsulated methods (1993)

Optimization of object queries containing encapsulated methods is still an open problem. In some previous studies of object query optimization, encapsulated methods are considered w black boxes and therefore, optimal query evaluation plans may be excluded from consideration. In the others, only methods coded in query languages are taken into consideration during optimization process and the application of methods is, therefore, restricted. In this paper, a systematic way of revealing and exploiting useful information from encapsulated methods is applied in object query optimization.
A proposal for a verification-based virus filter (2003)

An approach for filtering out programs that make unauthorized modifications is outlined. The approach is based on formal specification and verification techniques, is fail-safe, and does not require any special architectural support.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shift switching and novel arithmetic schemes (2002)

High speed shift switching with CMOS and precharged CMOS techniques are proposed for arithmetic designs with existing technology, which can substantially increase speed and/or reduce area for parallel counters. The transmission-gate-based shift switches are cascaded to synthesize an N-bit parallel counter, achieving a delay of (log(N+1)-1) times a full adder delay. The pass-transistor-based shift switches are cascaded to construct fast domino chains, which differ from the traditional (precharged CMOS NP) domino chains (on data paths) mainly in that they can readily provide a semaphore to indicate the end of the domino process. This suggests a new approach for asynchronous arithmetic.