gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Private coresets (2009)

A coreset of a point set P is a small weighted set of points that captures some geometric properties of $P$. Coresets have found use in a vast host of geometric settings. We forge a link between coresets, and differentially private sanitizations that can answer any number of queries without compromising privacy. We define the notion of private coresets, which are simultaneously both coresets and differentially private, and show how they may be constructed. We first show that the existence of a small coreset with low generalized sensitivity (i.e., replacing a single point in the original point set slightly affects the quality of the coreset) implies (in an inefficient manner) the existence of a private coreset for the same queries. This greatly extends the works of Blum, Ligett, and Roth [STOC 2008] and McSherry and Talwar [FOCS 2007]. We also give an efficient algorithm to compute private coresets for k-median and k-mean queries in Red, immediately implying efficient differentially private sanitizations for such queries. Following McSherry and Talwar, this construction also gives efficient coalition proof (approximately dominant strategy) mechanisms for location problems. Unlike coresets which only have a multiplicative approximation factor, we prove that private coresets must have an additive error. We present a new technique for showing lower bounds on this error.
Spatially-Adaptive Residual Networks for Efficient Image and Video Deblurring (2019)

In this paper, we address the problem of dynamic scene deblurring in the presence of motion blur. Restoration of images affected by severe blur necessitates a network design with a large receptive field, which existing networks attempt to achieve through a simple increment in the number of generic convolution layers, kernel-size, or the scales at which the image is processed. However, increasing the network capacity in this manner comes at the expense of an increase in model size and inference time, and ignoring the non-uniform nature of blur. We present a new architecture composed of spatially adaptive residual learning modules that implicitly discover the spatially varying shifts responsible for non-uniform blur in the input image and learn to modulate the filters. This capability is complemented by a self-attentive module which captures non-local relationships among the intermediate features and enhances the receptive field. We then incorporate a spatiotemporal recurrent module in the design to also facilitate efficient video deblurring. Our networks can implicitly model the spatially-varying deblurring process while dispensing with multi-scale processing and large filters entirely. Extensive qualitative and quantitative comparisons with prior art on benchmark dynamic scene deblurring datasets clearly demonstrate the superiority of the proposed networks via a reduction in model-size and significant improvements in accuracy and speed, enabling almost real-time deblurring.
FUNCTIONALIZED SBRs IN SILICA-REINFORCED TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS: EVIDENCE FOR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SILICA FILLER AND ZINC OXIDE (2016)

ABSTRACT Unlike carbon black, silica is polar and naturally not compatible with nonpolar hydrocarbon elastomers. This lack of interaction or compatibility between the filler and the elastomer typically causes lower properties compared with carbon black–filled compounds. A common approach to deal with this problem is to use silane coupling agents in the system to link the silica and the polymer chains via covalent bonds. An alternative is the introduction of polar functional groups or chemically reactive groups into the elastomer chains, which can improve the compatibility of elastomers with fillers such as silica. In this article, the effect of three functionalized SBRs, one backbone modified with carboxylate moieties, one modified with dithiol groups, and one partially Si-coupled, on the dynamic and mechanical properties of a silica-reinforced tire tread compound will be discussed and compared with a reference compound that contains unmodified s-SBR as the main polymer. The results show the significant potential of two of these modified SBRs to reduce the rolling resistance of tire treads made thereof, while no major change in wet grip occurs. Zinc oxide is known as the best activator for sulfur vulcanization. Zn ions combine with accelerators to form an active complex that catalyzes the vulcanization process. However, in silica-filled compounds, ZnO may interfere with the silanization process because of its alkaline nature, and it may compete with the silanes in reacting with the acidic –OH groups on the surface of silica particles. When functionalized SBRs with higher polarity are used in silica compounds, ZnO may interact with these moieties as well. To investigate the effect of ZnO on the properties of the silica-reinforced tread compound, a series of compounds have been prepared, in which the addition of ZnO in a later stage was compared with conventional mixing. The dynamic and mechanical properties of the final compounds are discussed.
Optimization of an electron-bombardment ion source for ion machining applications (1975)

A new 10-cm-diameter ion source has been designed specifically for ion machining applications. This source employs technology and experience from the development of ion engines for electron space propulsion and generates a highly uniform beam of 500-eV Ar+ at current densities exceeding 2 mA/cm2.
ON THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE GENETIC FINE STRUCTURE (1961)

In an earlier paper [1], a detailed examination was made of the structure of a small portion of the genetic map of phage T4, the rII region. This region, which controls the ability of the phage to grow in Escherichia coli strain K, consists of two adjacent cistrons, or functional units. Various rII mutants, unable to grow in strain K, have mutations affecting various parts of either or both of these cistrons. The topology of the region; i.e., the manner in which its parts are interconnected, was intensively tested and it was found that the active structure can be described as a string of subelements, a mutation constituting an alteration of a point or segment of the linear array. \n\nThis paper is a sequel in which inquiry is made into the topography of the structure, i.e., local differences in the properties of its parts. Specifically, are all the subelements equally mutable? If so, mutations should occur at random throughout the structure and the topography would be trivial. On the other hand, sites or regions of unusually high or low mutability would be interesting topographic features.
Conjugation of fluorescein isothiocyanate to antibodies. II. A reproducible method. (1970)

A reproducible method for conjugation of fluorescein isothiocyanate to antibodies, based on previous experiments, is described in detail. The negative electrical charge of antibodies was found to increase by conjugation. This negative charge may cause the non-specific fluorescence of acidophilic tissue components if overlabelled antibodies are used. Even non-specific nuclear fluorescence was observed when the substrate was previously washed in phosphate buffer. This was probably caused by acid extraction. Underlabelled antibodies showed a weak specific fluorescence. Antibodies with molecular fluorescein/protein ratios between 1 and 4 or `optical density ratios' (E(495)(1):E(280)(1)) between 0.3 and 0.95 were found to be optimal. However, even antibodies conjugated to an optimal degree may demonstrate non-specific fluorescence if used in high concentrations. Restricted preservation testing of reconstituted lyophilized conjugates revealed a negative effect of exposure to daylight at room temperature.
The <i>Arabidopsis</i> cyclin‐dependent kinase gene <i>cdc2bAt</i> is preferentially expressed during S and G<sub>2</sub> phases of the cell cycle (1996)

Cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Arabidopsis thaliana contains two cdk genes, cdc2aAt and cdc2bAt. This paper compares the developmental and cell cycle phase-dependent transcription of both cdk genes. In situ hybridizations revealed that cdc2bAt steady-state mRNAs, much like cdc2aAt, are found both in meristematic cells and cells with a high proliferative competence. Cdc2aAt is expressed in every meristematic cell whereas cdc2bAt is found to be expressed in a patchy pattern. An even smaller number of meristematic cells express the mitotic cyc1At. These data indicate that cdc2bAt and cyc1At mRNAs accumulate in a particular cell cycle phase in agreement with evidence provided by hybridization experiments of flow cytometrysorted nuclei and the use of cell cycle blockers on roots. The data indicate that cdc2bAt is preferentially expressed in S and G2 phases whereas cdc2aAt expression is constitutive throughout the cell cycle, as shown previously. The existence of two distinct CDK classes in plants is proposed: (i) constitutively expressed CDKs containing a PSTAIRE motif (e.g. cdc2aAt) and (ii) CDKs with divergent motifs which are expressed during a limited interval of the cell cycle (e.g. cdc2bAt).
Guidewire Flow Obstruction Effect on Diagnosis of Coronary Lesion Severity: In-Vitro Experimental and Numerical Study (2006)

The transstenotic pressure drop is one of the important basic fluid mechanics parameters used to assess the coronary stenosis severity along with FFR and CFR.Clinically, the transstenotic pressure or pressure drop and flow are measured by inserting a sensor tipped guidewire of diameter 0.014" across the stenosis.The guidewire insertion across the coronary stenosis alters the transstenotic hemodynamics by producing "artifactual blockage" which causes reduction in pharmacologically induced hyperemic flow and increase in transstenotic pressure drop.This guidewire flow obstruction was reported in the in-vivo studies by many clinicians [Anderson et al 1986, Wilson et al. 1988].The guidewire flow obstruction effect was quantified in the in-vitro experiments previously by De Bruyne et al. 1993, Lipscomb et al. 1978, Ganz et al. 1985, Young and Tsai 1973.However, these studies were performed with steady flow and Newtonian viscosity of blood analog fluid.Hence, these studies can not be used to draw any true physiological conclusion.In this multi-arrayed experimental study followed by subsequent numerical validation, the transstenotic pressure drop and guidewire flow obstruction effect are quantified under pulsatile flow conditions and non-Newtonian blood analog fluid and compared with the results for steady flow.The invasive (with guidewire insertion) and non-invasive (without guidewire insertion) pressure and flows are measured simultaneously.The experimental data is presented in the form of axial pressure drop, distal pressure recovery (pressure recovery and pressure drop coefficients) and pressure drop-flow characteristics.Based on previous numerical work [Banerjee et al 2000[Banerjee et al , 2003]], the experimental data is validated numerically.Finally, the guidewire flow obstruction effect on clinical parameters (FFR and CFR) is quantified and compared with in-vivo data [Takayama et al. 2001].
Stereospecific Suzuki Cross-Coupling of Alkyl α-Cyanohydrin Triflates (2010)

Scalemic alpha-cyanohydrin triflates undergo Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl boronic acids under mild conditions. Coupling proceeds with complete inversion of configuration at the stereogenic carbon. The resultant nitrile can be easily converted into a variety of alternative functional groups of value in organic synthesis and thus achieves a higher level of molecular complexity than the products of traditional Suzuki reactions.
Building profitable customer relationships with data mining (2000)

This white paper describes the various aspects of analytic CRM and shows how it is used to manage the customer life cycle more cost effectively Note that the case histories of these fictional companies are composites of real-life data mining applications.
PULP EXTRUSION AT ULTRA-HIGH CONSISTENCIES (1997)

A new process for producing continuous lignocellulosic fiber products is currently under development at the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. The goal of this exploratory research is to utilize conventional pulping techniques to process recovered papers with high filler contents, retain fiber integrity, and produce an engineered extruded product This process involves the extension of wet crumb pulp (primarily derived from recovered paper) at consistencies of 20% to 40% with small amounts of watersoluble polymers added as hydromodifier s. The water-soluble polymers appear to have two important theological functions in the extrusion process: (a) they bind water to the fiber and (b) they add lubricity to the pulp. A torque rheometer was used to measure the apparent viscosity of various pulp suspensions with water-soluble polymers. The added polymers reduce viscosity dramatically and enhance fiber dispersion. Polymer addition levels ranging from 1% to 3% by weight dry fiber were evaluated. Selected pulp/polymer compositions were then processed by a twin screw extruder. A slit die was designed to produce a thin sheet that could be press-dried and cut into coupons for measurement of tensile properties. Fiber orientation appeared to be random, and tensile properties were nearly equivalent in the flow and crossflow directions. For most extruded compositions, fail stress and modulus of elasticity ranged from 10 to 20 MPa and 3 to 5 GPa respectively. These results indicate that pulp extrusion at ultra-high consistencies is possible and poses a viable alternative to the disposal of highly filled moved papers and papermill sludges.
Efficient hardware architecture of softmax layer in deep neural network (2016)

Deep neural network (DNN) has emerged as a very important machine learning and pattern recognition technique in the big data era. Targeting to different types of training and inference tasks, the structure of DNN varies with flexible choices of different component layers, such as fully connection layer, convolutional layer, pooling layer and softmax layer. Deviated from other layers that only require simple operations like addition or multiplication, the softmax layer contains expensive exponentiation and division, thereby causing the hardware design of softmax layer suffering from high complexity, long critical path delay and overflow problems. This paper, for the first time, presents efficient hardware architecture of softmax layer in DNN. By utilizing the domain transformation technique and down-scaling approach, the proposed hardware architecture avoids the aforementioned problems. Analysis shows that the proposed hardware architecture achieves reduced hardware complexity and critical path delay.
Accuracy of active chirp linearization for broadband frequency modulated continuous wave ladar (2010)

As the bandwidth and linearity of frequency modulated continuous wave chirp ladar increase, the resulting range resolution, precisions, and accuracy are improved correspondingly. An analysis of a very broadband (several THz) and linear (<1 ppm) chirped ladar system based on active chirp linearization is presented. Residual chirp nonlinearity and material dispersion are analyzed as to their effect on the dynamic range, precision, and accuracy of the system. Measurement precision and accuracy approaching the part per billion level is predicted.
Collagen composition of normal and myxomatous human mitral heart valves (1984)

The collagens were studied in 13 normal and 19 myxomatous human mitral valves. The collagens of the valve were completely solubilized by using a method consisting of guanidinium chloride extraction, limited pepsin digestions and CNBr cleavage of the residue. The normal valves contained 74% type I, 24% type III and 2% type V collagen. The type I and type III collagens had similar solubility patterns, although only type I collagen was detected in the guanidinium chloride extract. Type V collagen was only detected in the first pepsin extract. The type I and III collagens had higher contents of hydroxylysine than did the same collagens from age-matched dermis. The two-dimensional electrophoretic 'maps' of CNBr-cleavage peptides showed low recoveries of the C-terminal alpha 1(I) CB6 and alpha 1(III) CB9 peptides, which are involved in forming intermolecular cross-linkages. Most of the reducible cross-linkages were present in large-Mr peptide complexes, and these complexes were shown by labelling with 125I to include the tyrosine-containing alpha 1(I) CB6 peptide. The myxomatous valves contained 67% type I, 31% type III and 2% type V collagens. There was a significant increase in the concentration of each type of collagen, which consisted of a 9% increase of type I collagen, a 53% increase of type III collagen and a 25% increase of type V collagen. The contents of hydroxylysine in type I and III collagens and the electrophoretic 'maps' of the CNBr-cleavage peptides involved in cross-linkages did not differ significantly from the results obtained from the normal valves. The biochemical findings suggest that there is an increased production of collagen, in particular type III collagen, and glycosaminoglycan as well as a proliferation of cells as part of a repair process in the myxomatous valves.
7‐(4,6‐Dimethoxypyrimidinyl)oxy‐ and ‐thiophthalides as novel herbicides: Part 1. CGA 279 233: a new grass‐killer for rice (2001)

A series of novel types of 7-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy- and -thio-3-methyl-1 (3H)-isobenzofuranones were discovered at Dr R Maag AG. From the thio-isobenzofuranyl series, CGA 279 233--BSI-proposed common name pyriftalid--was chosen for further development as a grass herbicide for use in rice. General synthetic approaches to these new phthalic acid-derived compounds are given, with emphasis on the synthesis of pyriftalid and its physico-chemical behaviour.
Role of Prostaglandins and Non-steroid Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Pathogenicity of Vaccinia Virus (1987)

The effect of prostaglandins (PGs) of the A series (A1 and dimethyl PGA2), E1, D2, F2 alpha and PGI2 (prostacyclin) and of inhibitors of PG synthesis (aspirin and indomethacin) on the pathogenicity of vaccinia virus was studied in BALB/c mice. PGs of the A series, D2 and F2 alpha conferred little or no protection to mice against the lethal effects of vaccinia virus. Mice treated with PGE1 showed a dramatic increase in mortality after viral infection. However, when mice were treated with PGI2, their survival was greatly enhanced. Mice treated with aspirin and indomethacin showed a marked increase in mortality. Increased mortality correlated with higher virus yields in target tissues (spleen) and with inhibition of antibody response, whereas the increase in survival correlated with lower virus yields and with normal antibody responses. The significance of our findings is that PGI2 can block the outcome of the disease caused by vaccinia virus whereas other PGs and their inhibitors not only worsen the disease, but may activate and enhance viral infections through immune suppression.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF P‐MENTHENOLIDES (1982)

Abstract Aus dem Isopulegol (I) wird über das Silyl‐ Derivat (III) das Epoxid (IV) hergestellt und unter Ringöffnung zum Allylalkohol (V) umgesetzt.
Discovery of the Selective CYP17A1 Lyase Inhibitor BMS-351 for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer (2015)

Efforts to identify a potent, reversible, nonsteroidal CYP17A1 lyase inhibitor with good selectivity over CYP17A1 hydroxylase and CYPs 11B1 and 21A2 for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) culminated in the discovery of BMS-351 (compound 18), a pyridyl biaryl benzimidazole with an excellent in vivo profile. Biological evaluation of BMS-351 at a dose of 1.5 mg in castrated cynomolgus monkeys revealed a remarkable reduction in testosterone levels with minimal glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid perturbation. Based on a favorable profile, BMS-351 was selected as a candidate for further preclinical evaluation.
Pre-Turbocharger Catalyst - Fast catalyst light-off evaluation (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Further tightened emission legislation and new engine technologies increase the requirements for the exhaust after-treatment system of modern diesel passenger cars. Especially the increasing raw emissions of HC and CO as well as the low temperature of the exhaust gas for a long period during cold start of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) require additional efforts in the design of the oxidation catalyst system [<span class="xref">1</span>].</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A highly efficient micro catalyst, which is mounted in front of a turbocharger, can help to treat efficiently these high HC and CO emissions. Due to the higher temperature level in front of the turbine and the significantly increased mass and heat transfer by turbulent flow, efficiency especially during cold start is highly increased. However the packaging constraints are more critical in this area due to heat considerations and also to maintain engine performance. The Pre-Turbocharger Catalyst (PTC) is able to balance the total functionality and has a high potential to make the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)more efficient.</div>
New Analytical Method for Pancreas and Liver Regeneration: Normalization of Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia by Retrograde Injection of Insulin Producing Cells. (2002)

We established a new analytical system in which functioning cells were transplanted directly into the pancreas and liver. The retrograde transplantation of beta cell line, Min6 cells, into the streptozotocin-diabetic mice normalized plasma glucose and insulin levels. The injected cells were protected from pancreatic enzymes with enzyme inhibitor. Blood glucose decreased gradually over 10 days and the diabetic mice recovered weight at the same time. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test showed that the peak of plasma glucose of the transplanted mice was less than half that of the control. The insulin secretion of the transplanted mice was recovered and stimulated 4.6 times from the basal secretion. Histological analyses showed that the pancreas and liver were characterized by Min6 cell clusters dispersed throughout the organs. Min6 cells were detected near the pancreatic or bile ducts. It is suggested that the injected cells obstructed the peripheral ducts where they settled. The weight of pancreas and liver did not differ significantly in either Min6 transplanted or the control mice. The metabolic effects on the weights of these organs appeared the same in both groups. This is the first report that cells transplanted via ducts into the pancreas and liver performed their biological function. Our transplantation model makes possible the in vivo analysis of the regeneration machinery of the pancreas and liver.