gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time and polarization resolved ultrasonic measurements using a lensless line-focus transducer (2002)

We have developed a transducer which allows the benefits of Line-Focus Beam (LFB) acoustic microscopy to be realized over large areas, using a conventional pulser-receiver. Experimental evidence is presented to show that the transducer is correctly modeled in detail by Green's function theory, and that all relevant wave speeds can also be predicted using a much simpler geometrical ray model. Data obtained by simply rotating the transducer a fixed distance above the specimen are presented using grey-scale plots which establish the ease with which anisotropy can be revealed. Finally, a grey scale plot of rotational-scan data recast in terms of velocity is shown to demonstrate the simultaneous detection of both surface and pseudo-surface waves in the same crystallographic orientation of a silicon specimen.
Effects of Aminooxyacetic Acid and Its Derivatives on Flowering in <italic>Pharbitis nil</italic> (1992)

Aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) inhibited photoperiodically induced flowering in Pharbitis nil. The application of AOA to the plumule just after an inductive period was the most effective in inhibiting flowering. A correlation between inhibition of flowering and inhibition of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity was observed with fifteen aminooxy derivatives.
Reactions of Certain Unsaturated Steroids with Acid Iron Reagent (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Certain Unsaturated Steroids with Acid Iron ReagentBennie. Zak, Norman. Moss, A. J. Boyle, and Albert. ZlatkisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 4, 776–777Publication Date (Print):April 20, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60088a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60088a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Document metadata, tracking and tracing (2007)

Metadata is a valuable resource that, among other things, helps manage multiple changes to documents being produced by multiple authors collaborating together. These hidden properties are also of particular importance to forensic investigators who may well seek evidence linking individuals with knowledge of events or particular facts. But are we indiscreet in the level of metadata that we continue to publish? If so, what risks do we run in so doing?
Topics in Total Least-Squares Adjustment within the Errors-In-Variables Model: Singular Cofactor Matrices and Prior Information (2012)

This dissertation is about total least-squares (TLS) adjustments within the errorsin-variables (EIV) model.In particular, it deals with symmetric positive-(semi)definite cofactor matrices that are otherwise quite arbitrary, including the case of crosscorrelation between cofactor matrices for the observation vector and the coefficient matrix and also the case of singular cofactor matrices.The former case has been addressed already in a recent dissertation by Fang [2011], whereas the latter case has not been treated until very recently in a presentation by Schaffrin et al. [2012b], which was developed in conjunction with this dissertation.The second primary contribution of this work is the introduction of prior information on the parameters to the EIV model, thereby resulting in an errors-in-variables with random effects model (EIV-REM ) [Snow and Schaffrin, 2012].The (total) least-squares predictor within this model is herein called weighted total least-squares collocation (WTLSC), which was introduced just a few years ago by Schaffrin [2009] as TLSC for the case of independent and identically distributed (iid) data.Here the restriction of iid data is removed.The EIV models treated in this work are presented in detail, and thorough derivations are given for various TLS estimators and predictors within these models.Algorithms for their use are also presented.In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the presented algorithms, basic geodetic problems in 2-D line-fitting and 2-D similarity Publications
Characteristic Length Scales and Radial Monomer Density Profiles of Molecular Bottle-Brushes: Simulation and Experiment (2010)

Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are presented for bottle-brush polymers under good solvent conditions, using the bond fluctuation model on the simple cubic lattice. Varying the backbone length (from Nb = 67 to Nb = 259 effective monomers) as well as the side chain length (from N = 6 to N = 48), for a physically reasonable grafting density of one chain per backbone monomer, we find that the structure factor describing the total scattering from the bottle-brush provides an almost perfect match for some combinations of (Nb, N) to experimental data of Rathgeber et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 2005, 122, 124904], when we adjust the length scale of the simulation to reproduce the experimental gyration radius of the bottle-brush. While in the experiment other length scales (gyration radius of side chains, backbone persistence length, scale characterizing the radial monomer density profile in the plane normal to the backbone) can be extracted only via fitting to a complicated and approximate theoretical expression derived by Pedersen and Schurtenberger, all these properties can be extracted from the simulation directly. In this way, quantitatively more reliable estimates for the persistence length and side chain gyration radius of the experimental systems can be extracted. In particular, we show that the popular assumption of a Gaussian radial monomer density profile is inaccurate, in the very good solvent regime studied by the simulation, and show that alternative forms based on scaling theory work better. We also show that the persistence length of the bottle brush in the simulation depends systematically on the backbone length and not only on the side chain length. For the cases where an explicit comparison with the experimental results (based on their evaluation within the Pedersen−Schurtenberger model) is possible, simulation and experiment are consistent with each other and some of the (rather minor) differences between simulation and experiment can be attributed to the weaker strength of excluded volume in the latter. Thus, we show that by suitable mapping between simulation and experiment on length scales of the local concentration fluctuations (here <2 nm) the analysis of experimental data can be systematically refined.
Aggregation of globular proteins (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAggregation of globular proteinsLinda R. De Young, Anthony L. Fink, and Ken A DillCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 12, 614–620Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00036a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00036a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1087Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Leveling of a film with stratified viscosity and insoluble surfactant (1996)

Abstract The evolution of a film with insoluble surfactant on a wavy horizontal wall differs from flow without surfactant (the way it usually is studied) in that the film passes through different stages. The first stage is as if the surfactant were absent. Once the surface tension gradient—induced by the nonuniform surfactant concentration adsorbed at the free surface—starts resisting the flow effectively, the evolution enters a transitional stage. A final stage is reached once the free surface becomes rigid due to the surface‐tension gradient (high elasticity limit) or becomes virtually leveled before the surface‐tension gradient is released (low elasticity limit). The velocity profile through the film changes with time, sol fluid is depleted or accumulated at different strata in the film as the flow evolves. The velocity profile and resulting deformations throughout the film can be influenced significantly by the viscosity distribution or stratification, which occurs, for example, when multiple layers of different viscosity are coated simultaneously. A model and applications for the leveling of such a film are presented. The evolution is described in general terms for a film of uniform viscosity and for a film of two discrete layers of different viscosity. Then the three limiting cases are established. For two of these limits, the effect on the exponential decay rate of the flow and the deformation of the different strata or layers is examined when the viscosity is changed in an infinitesimally thin layer or stratum, and in a layer of finite thickness in films of two and three discrete layers.
Mechanism of action of 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase from human erythrocytes (1985)

Purified 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase (porphobilinogen synthase, EC 4.2.1.24) from human erythrocytes was incubated initially with limiting amounts of 5-amino [5-14C]laevulinate in a rapid-mixing apparatus. The single-turnover reaction with respect to the bound labelled 5-aminolaevulinate was completed by the addition of unlabelled 5-aminolaevulinate and the resulting radioactive porphobilinogen was isolated and degraded. The 14C label was found to be located predominantly at C-2 of the product, demonstrating that, of the two substrate molecules participating in the reaction, the 5-aminolaevulinate molecule initially bound to the enzyme provides the propionic acid ‘side’ of the porphobilinogen. The same enzyme-[14C]substrate species that yields regiospecific porphobilinogen may be trapped by reaction with NaBH4, showing that the substrate molecule initially bound to the enzyme does so in the form of a Schiff base. A conventional incubation with 5-amino[5-14C]laevulinate yielded porphobilinogen with an equal distribution of the label between C-2 and C-11. The reaction mechanism of the human erythrocyte 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase thus follows the same course as that of other dehydratases studied in our laboratory by using single-turnover techniques.
Image construction through diffraction-limited high-contrast imaging systems: an iterative approach (1985)

It is desired to preprocess an input image so that, when it is distorted by an imaging system, a prescribed output image is produced. The system of interest is a linear, shift-invariant, band-limited system followed by a hard limiter. Such a system is found, for example, in microphotography, when a camera that is band limited by diffraction effects is used to print on very-high-contrast film. In this paper, an iterative solution that employs alternating projections is presented. Two variations of the procedure, which is similar to the Gerchberg–Papoulis algorithm, are applied to several examples having different space–bandwidth products. Also, a method of overrelaxing the projections to improve convergence is studied.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography on Calixarene-Bonded Silica Gels. II. Separations of Regio-and Stereoisomers on p-tert-Butylcalix[n]arene Phases (1998)

The chromatographic behavior of new calix[n]arene-bonded (n = 4,6,8) silica gels are described. Cavities of different size and shape are formed depending on the number of aromatic moieties. The differences in ring size are utilized to investigate chromatographic selectivities towards analytes of various substance classes, including disubstituted aromatics, uracil derivatives, and estradiol epimers. Our results indicate that these calixarene-bonded phases show a high resolution power for regio- and stereoisomers.
Serum soluble markers of immune activation and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (1995)

We investigated a possible association between markers of immune activation and disease activity in 52 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum concentrations of neopterin, beta-2-microglobulin, 55 kD-type soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, soluble interleukin-2 receptor and soluble CD8 were compared to the Index of European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM). All markers of immune activation, except sCD8, significantly correlated with ECLAM. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed erythrocyte sedimentation rate and neopterin to correlate best with ECLAM (multiple correlation coefficient = 0.74, P < 0.001). The study shows that serum neopterin concentrations are a useful independent index for disease activity in SLE. The finding of enhanced concentrations of various parameters of immune activation in patients confirm a role of the T cell and macrophage activation in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Photooxidation of Polypropylene Films. V. Origin of Preferential Surface Oxidation (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotooxidation of Polypropylene Films. V. Origin of Preferential Surface OxidationD. J. Carlsson and D. M. WilesCite this: Macromolecules 1971, 4, 2, 179–184Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60020a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60020a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metal Extraction Through Chlorine Metallurgy (1997)

Abstract Chlorination has been an important process step in the extraction of many nonferrous metals from their ores and concentrates. Some of the important chlorinating agents are gaseous chlorine, hydrochloric acid, ferric chloride, carbon tetrachloride and some alkali or alkaline chlorides like, NaCl, CaCl2 and NH4C1. Because of their high reactivity at a moderate temperature, selectivity in chlorination of the desired metal values and their easy availability with low cost, these chlorinating agents are being widely used in opening up the ores and minerals, for preparaton of pure metal chlorides and in recovery of metal values from the scrap and other wastes. In this paper, the chemistry of the chlorination processes in various stages of the extraction of some important metals, has been discussed briefly. Some of the industrial processes using Chlorine Metallurgy have been outlined. A review of the research and developmental studies made in recent years, on dry and aqueous chlorination of some metal oxides and sulphides by gaseous chlorine, ferric chloride, hydrochloric acid, carbon tetrachloride and through chloridised roasting, has been made, by highlighting the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the processes involved. A reference has been made on the merits of some low temperature chlorinating agents like carbon tetrachloride. Keywords: Chlorinationrefractory metalsalkaline chlorideschloridised roastingcarbon tetrachloride Additional informationNotes on contributorsP. K. JENA Permanent Address: President, Natural Resources Envelopment Foundation, and Chairman, Institute of Advance Technology and Environmental Studies; 80-83 A, Lewis Road, Bhubaneswar 751002, India. Tel: +91 674 430 363/430 243; Fax: +91 674 400 599.
Enhancement of percutaneous absorption of molsidomine. (1987)

Molsidomine, which is effective in treating angina pectoris, was poorly absorbed through the skin from a simple solution in oleic acid or propylene glycol, and its bioavailability was below 1% in rats. However, molsidomine was efficiently absorbed from a two-component system consisting of oleic acid and propylene glycol. Maximum absorption enhancement was observed in the two-component system containing 10% oleic acid; the bioavailability was about 95% within 6h. Remarkable percutaneous absorption enhancement was also observed in the presence of linoleic acid when a series of unsaturated straight fatty acids with different carbon numbers were substituted for oleic acid. Lauric acid was the most effective in the series of saturated straight fatty acids. Effective percutaneous absorption enhancement also occurred with lauryl alcohol and oleyl alcohol, but little enhancement was observed with any fatty acid ester or sodium oleate. The two-component system is also effective for some water-soluble drugs and poorly water-soluble drugs, besides molsidomine.
Triple negative breast cancer initiating cell subsets differ in functional and molecular characteristics and in γ‐secretase inhibitor drug responses (2013)

Increasing evidence suggests that stem-like cells mediate cancer therapy resistance and metastasis. Breast tumour-initiating stem cells (T-ISC) are known to be enriched in CD44(+) CD24(neg/low) cells. Here, we identify two T-ISC subsets within this population in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) lines and dissociated primary breast cancer cultures: CD44(+) CD24(low+) subpopulation generates CD44(+) CD24(neg) progeny with reduced sphere formation and tumourigenicity. CD44(+) CD24(low+) populations contain subsets of ALDH1(+) and ESA(+) cells, yield more frequent spheres and/or T-ISC in limiting dilution assays, preferentially express metastatic gene signatures and show greater motility, invasion and, in the MDA-MB-231 model, metastatic potential. CD44(+) CD24(low+) but not CD44(+) CD24(neg) express activated Notch1 intracellular domain (N1-ICD) and Notch target genes. We show N1-ICD transactivates SOX2 to increase sphere formation, ALDH1+ and CD44(+) CD24(low+) cells. Gamma secretase inhibitors (GSI) reduced sphere formation and xenograft growth from CD44(+) CD24(low+) cells, but CD44(+) CD24(neg) were resistant. While GSI hold promise for targeting T-ISC, stem cell heterogeneity as observed herein, could limit GSI efficacy. These data suggest a breast T-ISC hierarchy in which distinct pathways drive developmentally related subpopulations with different anti-cancer drug responsiveness.
On the offensive (2005)

The government has a target of halving the number of MRSA bacteraemias by 2008. A rapid review panel is investigating new equipment, materials and products to boost infection control.
Rheological properties of incompatible blends of two elastomers (1976)

Abstract Mold flows and melt viscosities of an incompatible bi‐component EPDM and “Viton” fluoroelastormer system were examined. A marked reduction in the melt viscosities of either component was observed when a small amount of the other component was present. It was speculated that the phenomenon was a result of a slippage between the polymer and the coated capillary surface due to the presence of a minor amount of the incompatible polymer. Evidence is given to indicate that this effect cannot be accounted for using the “melt structural heterogeneity” mechanism proposed for a different system by Andtrianova.
Small tRNA-derived RNAs are increased and more abundant than microRNAs in chronic hepatitis B and C (2015)

Persistent infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) account for the majority of cases of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Small, non-coding RNAs play important roles in virus-host interactions. We used high throughput sequencing to conduct an unbiased profiling of small (14-40 nts) RNAs in liver from Japanese subjects with advanced hepatitis B or C and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Small RNAs derived from tRNAs, specifically 30-35 nucleotide-long 5' tRNA-halves (5' tRHs), were abundant in non-malignant liver and significantly increased in humans and chimpanzees with chronic viral hepatitis. 5' tRH abundance exceeded microRNA abundance in most infected non-cancerous tissues. In contrast, in matched cancer tissue, 5' tRH abundance was reduced, and relative abundance of individual 5' tRHs was altered. In hepatitis B-associated HCC, 5' tRH abundance correlated with expression of the tRNA-cleaving ribonuclease, angiogenin. These results demonstrate that tRHs are the most abundant small RNAs in chronically infected liver and that their abundance is altered in liver cancer.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein: Isolation and characterization from human articular cartilage (1995)

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein was purified in a native form from normal adult human articular cartilage. The key steps in the purification scheme were selective extraction with buffer containing EDTA, wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography, and removal of the related protein thrombospondin by heparin affinity chromatography. Particles of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein viewed by electron microscopy after rotary shadowing revealed structures similar to the prototype molecule purified from Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. The protein demonstrated a bouquet-like five-armed structure, with peripheral globular domains connected by thin flexible strands to a central assembly domain. Immunohistochemistry revealed age-dependent differences in the protein's distribution in cartilage. In normal human adult articular cartilage, there was a relatively uniform distribution throughout the interterritorial extracellular matrix, whereas in fetal articular cartilage, immunostaining was localized to the extracellular matrix directly adjacent to the chondrocytes. The isolation and characterization of human cartilage oligomeric matrix protein will facilitate its study in pathological conditions of human cartilage.