gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calixarenes. 22. Synthesis, properties, and metal complexation of aminocalixarenes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalixarenes. 22. Synthesis, properties, and metal complexation of aminocalixarenesC. David. Gutsche and Kye Chun. NamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 18, 6153–6162Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00226a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00226a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2464Altmetric-Citations281LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multivalent Assembly of Flexible Polymer Chains into Supramolecular Nanofibers (2020)

Polymeric materials in nature regularly employ ordered, hierarchical structures in order to perform unique and precise functions. Importantly, these structures are often formed and stabilized by the cooperative summation of many weak interactions as opposed to the independent association of a few strong bonds. Here, we show that synthetic, flexible polymer chains with periodically placed and directional dynamic bonds collectively assemble into supramolecular nanofibers when the overall molecular weight is below the polymer's critical entanglement molecular weight. This causes bulk films of long polymer chains to have faster dynamics than films of shorter polymer chains of identical chemical composition. The formation of nanofibers increases the bulk film modulus by over an order of magnitude and delays the onset of terminal flow by more than 100 °C, while still remaining solution processable. Systematic investigation of different polymer chain architectures and dynamic bonding moieties along with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations illuminate governing structure-function relationships that determine a polymer's capacity to form supramolecular nanofibers. This report of the cooperative assembly of multivalent polymer chains into hierarchical, supramolecular structures contributes to our fundamental understanding of designing biomimetic functional materials.
Silicon nitride tri-layer vertical Y-junction and 3D couplers with arbitrary splitting ratio for photonic integrated circuits (2017)

We designed and demonstrated a tri-layer Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> photonic integrated circuit capable of vertical interlayer coupling with arbitrary splitting ratios. Based on this multilayer photonic integrated circuit platform with each layer thicknesses of 150 nm, 50 nm, and 150 nm, we designed and simulated the vertical Y-junctions and 3D couplers with arbitrary power splitting ratios between 1:10 and 10:1 and with negligible(< -50 dB) reflection. Based on the design, we fabricated and demonstrated tri-layer vertical Y-junctions with the splitting ratios of 1:1 and 3:2 with excess optical losses of 0.230 dB. Further, we fabricated and demonstrated the 1 × 3 3D couplers with the splitting ratio of 1:1:4 for symmetric structures and variable splitting ratio for asymmetric structures.
Meeting Report: The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases (2007)

Light, including artificial light, has a range of effects on human physiology and behavior and can therefore alter human physiology when inappropriately timed. One example of potential light-induced disruption is the effect of light on circadian organization, including the production of several hormone rhythms. Changes in light-dark exposure (e.g., by nonday occupation or transmeridian travel) shift the timing of the circadian system such that internal rhythms can become desynchronized from both the external environment and internally with each other, impairing our ability to sleep and wake at the appropriate times and compromising physiologic and metabolic processes. Light can also have direct acute effects on neuroendocrine systems, for example, in suppressing melatonin synthesis or elevating cortisol production that may have untoward long-term consequences. For these reasons, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences convened a workshop of a diverse group of scientists to consider how best to conduct research on possible connections between lighting and health. According to the participants in the workshop, there are three broad areas of research effort that need to be addressed. First are the basic biophysical and molecular genetic mechanisms for phototransduction for circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral regulation. Second are the possible physiologic consequences of disrupting these circadian regulatory processes such as on hormone production, particularly melatonin, and normal and neoplastic tissue growth dynamics. Third are effects of light-induced physiologic disruption on disease occurrence and prognosis, and how prevention and treatment could be improved by application of this knowledge.
Combination of Kinetically Selected Inhibitors <i>in Trans</i> Leads to Highly Effective Inhibition of Amyloid Formation (2010)

Amyloid formation plays a role in over 25 human disorders. A range of strategies have been applied to the problem of developing inhibitors of amyloid formation, but unfortunately, many inhibitors are effective only in molar excess and typically either lengthen the time to the onset of amyloid formation, (the lag time), while having modest effects on the total amount of amyloid fibrils produced, or decrease the amount of amyloid without significantly reducing the lag time. We demonstrate a general strategy whereby two moderate inhibitors of amyloid formation can be rationally selected via kinetic assays and combined in trans to yield a highly effective inhibitor which dramatically delays the time to the appearance of amyloid and drastically reduces the total amount of amyloid formed. A key feature is that the selection of the components of the mixture is based on their effect on the time course of amyloid formation rather than on just the amount of amyloid produced. The approach is validated using inhibitors of amyloid formation by islet amyloid polypeptide, the causative agent of amyloid formation in type 2 diabetes and the Alzheimer's disease Aβ peptide.
Stable transformation of the yellow fever mosquito, <i>Aedes aegypti</i> , with the <i>Hermes</i> element from the housefly (1998)

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the world's most important vector of yellow fever and dengue viruses. Work is currently in progress to control the transmission of these viruses by genetically altering the capacity of wild Ae. aegypti populations to support virus replication. The germ-line transformation system reported here constitutes a major advance toward the implementation of this control strategy. A modified Hermes transposon carrying a 4.7-kb fragment of genomic DNA that includes a wild-type allele of the Drosophila melanogaster cinnabar (cn) gene was used to transform a white-eyed recipient strain of Ae. aegypti. Microinjection of preblastoderm mosquito embryos with this construct resulted in 50% of the emergent G0 adults showing some color in their eyes. Three transformed families were recovered, each resulting from an independent insertion event of the cn+-carrying transposon. The cn+ gene functioned as a semidominant transgene and segregated in Mendelian ratios. Hermes shows great promise as a vector for efficient, heritable, and stable transformation of this important mosquito vector species.
Primary sequence mapping of human apolipoprotein B‐100 epitopes (1988)

Differential trypsin-accessibility and monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to human apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 are both important tools for probing apoB structure and conformation on low-density lipoproteins (LDL). In this study, we have mapped greater than 80% of the C-terminal region (720 residues) of LDL apoB-100 using trypsin digestion. Our results extend our previous data [Yang et al. (1986) Nature (Lond.) 323, 738-742] confirming that the C-terminal region of about 420 residues of apoB-100 is largely inaccessible to trypsin, whereas the part just preceding this region has interspersed trypsin-accessible and inaccessible peptides. We have determined the amino acid sequence of specific apoB-100 peptides containing epitopes recognized by four separate Mabs: two epitopes have been mapped to within 20 residues, one has been mapped to 36 residues, and the last to 80 residues. We used polyclonal antisera to identify 16 overlapping clones of varying lengths of apoB-100 cDNAs extending from the C-terminus of apoB-100 cloned in the expression vector, lambda gt11. These clones were then tested against individual Mabs. By nucleotide sequence analysis of overlapping clones that show differential reactivities to different Mabs, we have mapped the individual epitopes of each Mab to within about 50-150 amino acid residues predicted from the DNA sequences. Confirmation and further fine mapping were accomplished by competition for LDL binding using partially purified fusion proteins and chemically synthesized oligopeptides. Two epitopes (Mabs 7 and 22) were mapped to the C-terminal 20 amino acids of apoB-100, one (Mab 16) to residues 4154-4189, and another (Mab 20) to residues 3926-4005. Mab 16 precipitates more than 80% of LDL particles. Mab 20 precipitates only denatured apoB but not native LDL apoB [Milne et al. (1987) Mol. Immunol. 24, 435]. Mabs 7 and 22 are unique in that they precipitate LDL apoB modified by storage much better than freshly isolated LDL-apoB. Although epitope expression and trypsin-accessibility represent two useful probes for the study of protein conformation, there was no obvious correlation between these two parameters when applied to LDL apoB for the antibodies we have examined.
A Preliminary Evaluation of Dexamethasone Palmitate Emulsion: A Novel Intravitreal Sustained Delivery of Corticosteroid for Treatment of Macular Edema (2013)

IVT injections of DXP emulsions were well tolerated and shown to be efficacious for the sustained release of the drug, with the potential to control vascular leakage up to 9 months following a single IVT injection. These data suggest that IVT injections of DXP emulsions could be a safe and effective alternative IVT drug delivery vehicle for corticosteroid to treat back of the eye diseases complicated by macular edema.
[Therapeutic application of cell transplantation and increased neurogenesis in cerebral infarction]. (2004)

Cerebral ischemia often results in neuronal loss, leading to the neurological deficits in stroke patients. To obtain the functional recovery after stroke, cell transplantation and enhancement of endogenous neurogenesis may have potential application. Recent evidence has demonstrated that neural stem cells exist in the adult mammalian brain. After cerebral ischemia, newly born neurons were found not only in hippocampal dentate and olfactory bulb but also in hippocampal CA1 and striatum, where neurons were lost after ischemia. Administration of neurotrophic factors or genes encoding them into the lateral venticule could enhance endogenous neurogenesis in experimental ischemia model. Furthermore, we have recently developed non-invasive gene transfer into macrophages infiltrating an infarct to stimulate proliferation of neural stem cells in cerebral infarction. Several strategies including gene therapy and pharmacological approach will be tried in stroke patients in near future. However, it remains unclear whether the number of new-born neurons from endogenous neural stem cells is sufficient for replacement of damaged neurons. Cell transplantation will have the advantage of preparing the large amount of transplanted cells. Human neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells and bone marrow-derived cells will be donor cells in stroke patients. Surprisingly, neuron-like cells derived from human teratoma cell line were already applied in stroke patients. However, ethical aspect will have to be discussed carefully before cells from other individuals are used as donor cells in stroke patients.
Chiral unitary approach to<i>S</i>-wave meson baryon scattering in the strangeness<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mn/></mml:math>sector (2002)

We study the S-wave interaction of mesons with baryons in the strangeness $S=0$ sector in a coupled channel unitary approach. The basic dynamics is drawn from the lowest order meson-baryon chiral Lagrangians. Small modifications inspired by models with explicit vector meson exchange in the t channel are also considered. In addition the $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}N$ channel is included and shown to have an important repercussion in the results, particularly in the isospin 3/2 sector. The ${N}^{*}(1535)$ resonance is dynamically generated and appears as a pole in the second Riemann sheet with its mass, width, and branching ratios in fair agreement with experiment. A $\ensuremath{\Delta}(1620)$ resonance also appears as a pole at the right position although with a very large width, coming essentially from the coupling to the $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}N$ channel, in qualitative agreement with experiment.
Pulsewidth Dependence of Laser Scribed Molybdenum for Monolithically Integrated Thin Film Photovoltaic Devices (2012)

Ultrafast fiber lasers are used to scribe Mo thin film layers for photovoltaic devices. The scribe quality for sub-nanosecond pulses are significantly improved and the pulse energy required is lower than for nanosecond.
Oxygen Dependency of Tumor Cell Killing in Vitro by Light-Activated Photofrin II (1991)

Asynchronous populations of mouse EMT-6 tumor cells were treated with Photofrin II and exposed to various doses of 630 nm light in slowly stirred suspensions which had been equilibrated with various concentrations of oxygen. Survival curves were generated with cells exposed to 20 micrograms/ml Photofrin II in tissue culture medium for 1 h, a procedure which made it possible to remove more than 50% of the drug by washing. It is expected that under these conditions the drug would be loosely bound to cell surface and plasma membranes and in the cellular cytosol. Survival curves were also generated with cells exposed to 5 micrograms/ml Photofrin II for 20-24 h, a procedure which resulted in greater than 90% of the drug being tightly bound within cells, presumably to cellular lipids and membranes. Oxygen was obligatory for killing cells which had been exposed for both "short term" and "long term" to Photofrin II. After 30-40 min of pregassing cells with nitrogen gas which contained precise levels of oxygen, the concentration required to reduce rates of cell killing to 50% of maximum was approximately 0.5% O2 (gas phase) for short-term drug exposures and less than or equal to 0.05% O2 for long-term drug exposures. Even after pregassing times of 90-120 min prior to light administration, a Km of approximately equal to 0.1% O2 was observed for cells exposed to the drug for the longer time. When the same cells were exposed to 137Cs gamma rays in this irradiation chamber, no change in radiation sensitivity was observed after 30 min of pregassing cells with all oxygen concentrations studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PATUS: A Code Generation and Autotuning Framework for Parallel Iterative Stencil Computations on Modern Microarchitectures (2011)

Stencil calculations comprise an important class of kernels in many scientific computing applications ranging from simple PDE solvers to constituent kernels in multigrid methods as well as image processing applications. In such types of solvers, stencil kernels are often the dominant part of the computation, and an efficient parallel implementation of the kernel is therefore crucial in order to reduce the time to solution. However, in the current complex hardware micro architectures, meticulous architecture-specific tuning is required to elicit the machine's full compute power. We present a code generation and auto-tuning framework \textsc{Patus} for stencil computations targeted at multi- and many core processors, such as multicore CPUs and graphics processing units, which makes it possible to generate compute kernels from a specification of the stencil operation and a parallelization and optimization strategy, and leverages the auto tuning methodology to optimize strategy-dependent parameters for the given hardware architecture.
The Monte Carlo Method (1949)

Abstract We shall present here the motivation and a general description of a method dealing with a class of problems in mathematical physics. The method is, essentially, a statistical approach to the study of differential equations, or more generally, of integro-differential equations that occur in various branches of the natural sciences.
Path-Augmented Graph Transformer Network (2019)

<div>Much of the recent work on learning molecular representations has been based on Graph Convolution Networks (GCN). These models rely on local aggregation operations and can therefore miss higher-order graph properties. To remedy this, we propose Path-Augmented Graph Transformer Networks (PAGTN) that are explicitly built on longer-range dependencies in graphstructured data. Specifically, we use path features in molecular graphs to create global attention layers. We compare our PAGTN model against the GCN model and show that our model consistently</div><div>outperforms GCNs on molecular property prediction datasets including quantum chemistry (QM7, QM8, QM9), physical chemistry (ESOL, Lipophilictiy) and biochemistry (BACE, BBBP)2.</div>
Design of Basic Science and Technology Database System Based on RUP (2007)

Introduces a method of analyzing database system with the Unified Modeling Language(UML) and Rational Unified Process(RUP).The method,based on UML,chooses the basic database system of science and technology as the object.Then analyzes and designs its case model,analysis model,design model,and implementation model with modeling tool Rational ROSE,and finally obtains the system's implementation model.Also this paper discussed an applied technological approach to analyze the database system.
Involvement of medullary tail-flick related neurons in descending facilitation evoked by chemical stimulation of rat lateral habenular nucleus. (1998)

The chemical stimulation of LHN produced a facilitating action on nociceptive spinal defensive reflex. This effect is brought out by the cooperation of on- and off-cells.
Factors affecting the transduction of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells: long-term expression of a human adenosine deaminase gene in mice (1993)

An amphotropic retroviral vector, LgAL(delta Mo + PyF101) containing a human adenosine deaminase (ADA) cDNA was used to optimize procedures for the lasting genetic modification of the hematopoietic system of mice. The highest number of retrovirally infected cells in the hematopoietic tissues of long-term reconstituted mice was observed after transplantation of bone marrow (BM) cells that had been cocultured in the presence of both interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-3. A significantly lower number was detected when IL-1 alpha was omitted from such cocultures. The yield of cells that generate spleen colony-forming cells (CFU-S) in the BM of lethally irradiated recipients (MRA-CFU-S) significantly improved on inclusion of the adherent cell fraction of cocultures in the transplant. Retroviral integration patterns in MRA-CFU-S-derived spleen colonies showed that an MRA-CFU-S can produce many CFU-S during BM regeneration. Expression of hADA was detected in the circulating white blood cells of long-term reconstituted animals, demonstrating that the LgAL(delta Mo + PyF101) vector is capable of directing the sustained expression of hADA, and in approximately 35% of the transduced MRA-CFU-S-derived spleen colonies. These results should facilitate the development of gene therapy protocols for the treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency caused by a lack of functional ADA.
Progress in the Development of Scintillating Optical Fibers (1984)

Starting with 1 inch diameter PVT scintillator as a preform, the authors have drawn fibers of several diameters ranging from 1 to 4 mm. These fibers have been coated in line with the draw to form optical fibers. Several cladding materials whose index of refraction ranges from 1.35 to 1.55 have been used. The most successful fiber has been obtained with an extra thick (200 micron) cladding of silicone in combination with a linear draw, as opposed to a spool draw. This fiber is acceptable, but it is extremely fragile and its quality is difficult to control. The authors are currently constructing a 12 channel hodoscope with 1 mm spatial resolution using 4 mm diameter fibers. An account is also given of the progress made in using the Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) operated in the Geiger mode as the photo detector.
Effect of plasma resistance on electron temperature measurement by means of an electrostatic probe (1972)

The effect of the equivalent plasma resistance between the probe and the reference electrode on the gradient of the semilog plot of the electron-current curve vs voltage of a probe has been studied theoretically for the probes of plane, cylindrical, and spherical types. The probe current-voltage characteristic actually measured deviates from its regular curve because of drawing current through the bulk plasma not having an infinite conductivity. The electron temperature Te determined from the measured electron-current curve by using the usual graphical method will be higher than its true value. The theoretical maximum errors in Te determination for the three kinds of probe studied are all within a factor of 2. Some experiments are also presented and discussed.
P35-sensitive caspases, MAP kinases and Rho modulate β-adrenergic induction of apoptosis in mollusc immune cells (2002)

Apoptosis is an important mechanism for the preservation of a healthy and balanced immune system in vertebrates. Little is known, however, about how apoptotic processes regulate invertebrate immune defenses. In the present study, we show that noradrenaline, a catecholamine produced by the neuroendocrine system and by immune cells in molluscs, is able to induce apoptosis of oyster Crassostrea gigas hemocytes. The apoptosis-inducing effect of noradrenaline was mimicked by isoproterenol and blocked by propranolol, which indicates that noradrenaline triggers apoptosis via a beta-adrenergic signaling pathway. Exposure to the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK or expression of the caspase inhibitor P35 under the transcriptional control of a mollusc hsp70 gene promoter reduced the number of apoptotic cells among noradrenaline-treated hemocytes. These results suggest that P35-sensitive caspases are involved in the apoptotic process triggered by beta-adrenergic signaling. Complementary experiments suggest that mitogen-activated protein kinases and Rho, a member of the Ras GTPase family, may be involved in antiapoptotic mechanisms that modulate the apoptotic effect of noradrenaline. Taken together, these results provide a first insight into apoptotic processes in mollusc immune cells.