gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Temperature Reflow Anneals of Cu on Ru (2011)

Low-temperature reflow anneals of physical-vapor-deposited (PVD) Cu on Ru are achieved at a Cu/low- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> integration-compatible low temperature of 250°C by surface diffusion. Feature-fill capability is also demonstrated in patterned features along with reasonable electrical measurements. As compared to typical impurity levels in the conventional electroplated Cu, the reflowed PVD Cu had higher purity, which then resulted in lower electrical resistance in the structures. Electromigration test results further confirmed the reliability of the reflowed-Cu/Ru interface.
A Comparison of Genotype Representations to Acquire Stock Trading Strategy Using Genetic Algorithms (2009)

Automatic trading methods are important issues in recent financial markets. In this paper, we compare some genotype coding methods of technical indicators and their parameters to acquire stock trading strategy using genetic algorithms (GAs). In previous works, the locus-based representation is widely used for encoding technical indicators on chromosomes in GAs, and the direct coding is also widely adopted for encoding the parameters of the indicators. However, these conventional methods are not so effective for the GA search. Therefore, we propose a new genotype coding methods, namely the allele-based indirect coding. We examine the performance of the proposed and conventional coding methods in stock trading of twenty companies in the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange for recent ten years. In our empirical results, the allele-based indirect coding is superior to the other ones both on the cumulative profits and the computational costs.
Bulk polymerization of lactides initiated by aluminium isopropoxide, 3. Thermal stability and viscoelastic properties (1997)

Abstract The thermal stability of poly( L ‐lactide) and L / D ‐lactide stereocopolymers polymerized in bulk with aluminium isopropoxide as initiator was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and time and temperature dependence of molecular weight and polydispersity. Compared to poly( L ‐lactide) prepared with stannous octoate as catalyst the thermal stability of polylactides is remarkably enhanced when the ring‐opening polymerization is initiated by aluminium alkoxide. Ultimate mechanical properties and viscoelasticity of these melt‐stable thermoplastics have also been studied in relation to the polyester enantiomeric composition.
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and p70S6 kinase blocks osteogenic protein‐1 induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in fetal rat calvaria cells (2003)

Published studies reveal that Osteogenic Protein-1 (OP-1) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) synergistically stimulate alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and bone nodule formation in fetal rat calvaria (FRC) cells. In the present study, we examined whether there are interactions between the signal transduction pathways activated by these two growth factors. OP-1 did not significantly affect the levels of IRS-1, IRS-2, the p85alpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) or the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-2, but stimulated ERK-1 protein by twofold. OP-1 also induced phosphorylation of ERK-1 and -2, but not of Akt/protein kinase B (PKB), a protein kinase that is downstream of PI 3-kinase. By comparison, IGF-I increased the levels of the phosphorylated forms of ERK-1 and -2, and Akt/PKB. Inhibition of ERK activation by PD98059 did not significantly alter the stimulation of AP activity by OP-1 or OP-1 in combination with IGF-I. In contrast, inhibition of PI 3-kinase activity by LY294002 blocked the induction of AP activity by OP-1 and OP-1 plus IGF-I. Treatment of cells with rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of mTOR, resulted in a 47% and a 53% decrease in the AP activity induced by OP-1 alone and by OP-1 plus IGF-I, respectively. These studies suggest that PI 3-kinase and mTOR contribute to the induction of AP activity by OP-1 and the synergistic effect of OP-1 and IGF-I on AP activity in FRC cells.
Towards the development of novel bispecific antibodies to inhibit key cell surface receptors integral for the growth and migration of tumour cells (2016)

This project describes the development of antibody fragments against key cell surface receptors as potential metastatic breast cancer therapeutics. As a product of an iterative screening process, an antibody fragment candidate was demonstrated to be functionally active in the inhibition of cancer cell growth and migration. This study provides a promising platform for further development of the characterised antibody fragment with the goal of generating an effective treatment for the inhibition of cancer cell survival and metastasis.
Voluntary Application Server Identification (VAPID) for Web Push (2017)

An application server can use the Voluntary Application Server
Identification (VAPID) method described in this document to
voluntarily identify itself to a push service. The vapid
authentication scheme allows a client to include its identity in a
signed token with requests that it makes. The signature can be used by
the push service to attribute requests that are made by the same
application server to a single entity. The identification information
can allow the operator of a push service to contact the operator of
the application server. The signature can be used to restrict the use
of a push message subscription to a single application server.
Generalized symmetries in boolean functions (2000)

In this paper we take a fresh look at the notion of symmetries in Boolean functions. Our studies are motivated by the fact that the classical characterization of symmetries based on invariance under variable swaps is a special case of a more general invariance based on unrestricted variable permutations. We propose a generalization of classical symmetry that allows for the simultaneous swap of ordered and unordered groups of variables, and show that it captures more of a function's invariant permutations without undue computational requirements. We apply the new symmetry definition to analyze a large set of benchmark circuits and provide extensive data showing the existence of substantial symmetries in those circuits. Specific case studies of several of these benchmarks reveal additional insights about their functional structure and how it might be related to their circuit structure.
Characterization and role of fucose mutarotase in mammalian cells (2007)

L-Fucose for mammalian glycosylation contains an anomeric carbon atom generating alpha- and beta-L-fucoses. Based on sequence comparison of mouse and human homologs with the prokaryotic fucose mutarotases (FucU) characterized previously, we investigated their function in mammalian cells. By nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement with saturation difference analysis, the purified mammalian mutarotases were demonstrated to be involved in an interconversion between the two anomeric forms with comparable efficiency as that of the Escherichia coli FucU. The mouse gene was widely expressed in various tissues and cell lines, including kidney, liver, and pancreas, although expression was marginal in muscle and testis. By generating stably expressed cell lines for mutarotase genes in HepG2, it was shown that fucose incorporations into cellular proteins were increased as demonstrated by an incorporation of radiolabeled fucose into the cells. Furthermore, intracellular levels of GDP-L-fucose, measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were enhanced by an overproduction of cellular mutarotase, which was reversed by gene silencing of mutarotase based on RNA interference. The results suggest that the mammalian mutarotase is functional in facilitated incorporation of fucose through the salvage pathway.
MOS characteristics of N/sub 2/O-grown and NO-annealed oxynitrides (2002)

A new technique of MOSFET gate dielectric formation by rapid thermal oxidation is proposed. Gate oxynitride was first grown in N/sub 2/O and then annealed by in-situ rapid thermal NO-nitridation. This approach has the advantage of providing a higher nitrogen accumulation at the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface than either pure N/sub 2/O oxynitride or nitridation of SiO/sub 2/ in the NO ambient. It is also applicable to a wide range of oxide thicknesses because the initial rapid thermal N/sub 2/O oxidation rate is not as self-limited as NO oxidation. The resulting gate dielectrics have reduced charge trapping, lower stress-induced leakage current and significant resistance to interface state generation under electrical stress.
Application of synthesized coherence function to distributed optical sensing (2002)

We have proposed and developed a technique to synthesize an optical coherence function into arbitrary shapes. By using this technique, which we call the `synthesis of an optical coherence function', various distributed optical sensing schemes have been developed, which have no mechanical moving parts nor data calculation. In these schemes, we do not use a pulsed lightwave but instead use a continuous wave, whose correlation is controlled by frequency modulation or phase modulation. We have proposed a reflectometry system to diagnose fibre optic subscriber networks. Fibre optic distributed force sensing systems have also been developed, which are applicable to smart structures and security systems. In a similar way, we have proposed a system to measure strain distribution along an optical fibre through the Brillouin scattering caused in the fibre. Spatial resolution of just 1 cm has been demonstrated by this system, which is 100 times higher than the practical limitation of conventional pulsed-lightwave techniques. Such a high spatial resolution is suitable for smart material applications. Two- or three-dimensional distributed sensing has also been developed by this technique. An optical tomography system has been proposed, which has fewer mechanical moving parts. A system for surface shape measurement for a multi-layered object has also been developed.
Cut-and-paste file-systems: integrating simulators and file-systems (1996)

We have implemented an integrated and configurable file system called the Pegasus file-system (PFS) and a trace-driven file-system simulator called Patsy. Patsy is used for off-line analysis of file-system algorithms, PFS is used for on-line file-system data storage. Algorithms are first analyzed in Patsy and when we are satisfied with the performance results, migrated into PFS for on-line usage. Since Patsy and PFS are derived from a common cut-and-paste file-system framework, this migration proceeds smoothly. We have found this integration quite useful: algorithm bottlenecks have been found through Patsy that could have led to performance degradations in PFS. Off-line simulators are simpler to analyze compared to on-line file-systems because a work load can repeatedly be replayed on the same off-line simulator. This is almost impossible in on-line file-systems since it is hard to provide similar conditions for each experiment run. Since simulator and file-system are integrated (hence...
Implementation of Monte Carlo coincident aperture functions in image generation of a high-resolution animal positron tomograph (2001)

For imaging animals, small-diameter tomographs are designed for increased sensitivity. As a consequence, it is optimal to reconstruct a large fraction of the detector aperture. This is a challenge if resolution degradation, especially at the edge of the field-of-view, is to be minimized. Accounting for system-dependent resolution functions could therefore greatly enhance the image generation process in these tomographs. Monte Carlo techniques were used to simulate the high-resolution animal tomograph MADPET and to determine coincidence aperture functions (CAFs) as a function of position in field-of-view. Sinogram rebinning was applied with spatially varying CAFs followed by filtered backprojection. An analytical rebinning method based on the intrinsic resolution of the system was used for comparison. Furthermore, CAFs were implemented into iterative list-mode reconstruction without sinogram rebinning. Simulated and measured line sources at positions within 88% of the system diameter were analyzed to determine image resolution. Image quality was assessed with a simulated and measured Derenzo-style structure phantom. Since no deconvolution methods were used for sinogram rebinning with simulated CAFs, this method could not improve resolution degradation. Nevertheless, it provided enhanced image quality by removing sampling artifacts introduced by common rebinning techniques. The use of Monte Carlo derived probability matrices combined with iterative list-mode reconstruction proved to be adequate to improve image quality and restore spatial resolution within 88% of the detector ring aperture in a small animal positron tomograph.
Advanced control scheme for a single-phase PWM rectifier in traction applications (2004)

This work presents an advanced control scheme for a single-phase PWM rectifier. The controller consists of a PR (proportional-resonant) controller using the double sampling strategy, namely, a dual update scheme, a delayless feed-forward compensator, and a fast phase angle estimator. The PR controller is capable of regulating a sinusoidal line current without an additional prediction or an extremely high control gain under a medium switching frequency (0.5-5 kHz). The dual update scheme is the method that performs the sampling and control calculation twice in a switching period, which reduces the control time delay significantly and enables us to extend the maximum allowable control bandwidth. The proposed feed-forward compensator uses the estimated one-step predicted value of the source voltage and the source current to avoid adverse effects caused by the one-step delay, measurement noise, and harmonic component of the source voltage in the feedforward compensation process. A fast phase angle estimator is also presented, which is capable of estimating the phase angle and the frequency of the source voltage even under a highly distorted source voltage condition or a sudden amplitude, phase angle, or frequency changing condition. The feasibility of the proposed control scheme is confirmed by experiments.
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from patients with AIDS in northern Thailand (1995)

Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates were obtained from 22 patients with AIDS from northern Thailand, where HIV-1 is transmitted primarily through the heterosexual route. Viral sequences were determined for the 22 patients with AIDS, and all were subtype E HIV-1 on the basis of sequence analysis of a region from the envelope protein gp120. Syncytium-inducing (SI) viruses were detected for 16 of 22 patients with AIDS by using MT-2 cells. Characteristics of amino acid sequences in V3 which have not been reported previously for subtype B SI HIV-1 were associated with the subtype E HIV-1 SI phenotype. The SI viruses from our study population contain predominantly a GPGR or GPGH motif at the tip of the V3 loop, in contrast to the previously described subtype E HIV-1 from Thailand which contained predominantly GPGQ. All the SI viruses lost a potential N-linked glycosylation site in V3 which is highly conserved among previously described subtype E HIV-1 isolates from asymptomatic patients from Thailand. HIV-1 envelope sequences including V3 from some patients with AIDS were significantly more divergent than viruses from asymptomatic patients in Thailand characterized 2 years ago or earlier. These results suggest that emergence of subtype E SI HIV-1 variants is associated with the development of AIDS, as it is for subtype B HIV-1. The divergence of subtype E HIV-1 in patients with AIDS as the disease progresses, and the divergence of subtype E HIV-1 in the infected population as the epidemic continues in Thailand, may have important implications for vaccine development.
Maillard-conjugate based core–shell co-assemblies for nanoencapsulation of hydrophobic nutraceuticals in clear beverages (2011)

Maillard reaction based protein-polysaccharide conjugates (PPC) are typically better emulsifiers than the proteins used to form them. Such conjugates have been proposed as encapsulation agents, but their potential as nanoencapsulation agents in clear beverages has not yet been proposed. In this research we formed casein-maltodextrin (CN-MD) conjugates and co-assembled them with hydrophobic nutraceuticals to create nanovehicles for the enrichment of clear beverages. Conjugation was validated using gel electrophoresis and by ortho-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) assay. Vitamin D (VD) was nano-entrapped by the conjugates, and compared to controls based on an unconjugated CN-MD mixture and unencapsulated VD. The following advantages of the conjugates were shown: the diameters of conjugate-VD nanoparticles was smaller and their solution was more transparent than that of the vitamin dispersion or the protein-polysaccharide mixture with VD. Conjugates conferred better protection against oxidation to both VD and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) than the CN-MD mixture. Conjugates were more colloidally stable at the CN original pI, allowing the formation of nanoparticles with mean diameter below 30 nm when mixed with VD, even at the original pI of CN. Conjugates provided protection against degradation at low pH and during shelf life. Entrapment efficiency was measured using Nile red (NR), a fluorescent model for a hydrophobic nutraceutical. Protein affinity to the hydrophobic compound was not diminished due to conjugation, and 90% entrapment efficiency was obtained under the conditions tested. During simulated gastric digestion, Nile red was not released from the conjugates, suggesting potential application in enteric delivery.
Efficacy of Haptic Pedal Feel Compensation on Driving With Regenerative Braking (2020)

In this article, we study the efficacy of haptic pedal feel compensation on driving safety and performance during regenerative braking. In particular, we evaluate the effectiveness of the preservation of the natural brake pedal feel under two-pedal cooperative braking and one-pedal driving scenarios, through human subject experiments in a simulated vehicle pursuit task. The experimental results indicate that pedal feel compensation can significantly decrease the hard braking instances, improving safety for both two-pedal cooperative braking and one-pedal driving conditions. Volunteers strongly prefer compensation, while they equally prefer and can effectively utilize two-pedal and one-pedal driving conditions. The beneficial effects of haptic pedal feel compensation on safety is evaluated to be larger for the two-pedal cooperative braking condition, as lack of compensation results in stiffening/softening pedal feel characteristics in this case.
Feasibility of Internally Referenced Brain Temperature Imaging with a Metabolite Signal (2003)

The feasibility of using a metabolite signal as an internal reference for self-referenced temperature distribution measurement was examined. Line scan echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (LSEPSI) was applied to obtain quick multi-voxel spectroscopic measurements and to avoid possible spectral degradation from motion. Temperature distribution in a rabbit brain in vivo was successfully visualized by means of the chemical shift of water, which was measured by using naturally abundant (up to 10 mM) N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) as the reference signal. Unlike the phase-mapping approach, this technique does not require a pixel-by-pixel subtraction. Therefore, in theory, it is more resistant to inter-scan motion or changes in susceptibility. The spatial and temporal resolutions of this technique are 1.5 cm3 and 4.5 min. A higher signal-to-noise ratio and optimization of the water and outer-volume suppression capabilities will be required to further enhance the temperature-mapping capabilities.
Reliability metric for information systems based on customer requirements (1997)

States that a major problem in dealing with information‐systems reliability is the design of a metric that combines the customer’s needs and preferences with the technical specifications and modular reliability of information systems. Develops one such metric, combining the customer’s requirements and utility with the technical structure of the system. The result is a single metric that can be used for tracking the performance of an information system and as an early signal of the system’s persistent malfunction and low quality of service. This metric can also contribute to the continuous improvement of system reliability by identifying the components whose improved reliability could make the most significant contribution to the overall reliability of the system.
Heterogeneous lasers and coupling to Si_3N_4 near 1060  nm (2014)

A III-V/Si₃N₄ platform on silicon is presented capable of broad-spectral performance with initial heterogeneous lasers near 1060 nm. Continuous wave Fabry-Perot laser results for heterogeneous InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) laser with output power approaching 0.25 mW on Si is demonstrated. Taper transmission loss measurements from III-V to Si₃N₄ are measured to be 2.5±0.75 dB.
Vertically Aligned BCN Nanotubes with High Capacitance (2012)

Using a chemical vapor deposition method, we have synthesized vertically aligned BCN nanotubes (VA-BCNs) on a Ni-Fe-coated SiO(2)/Si substrate from a melamine diborate precursor. The effects of pyrolysis conditions on the morphology and thermal property of grown nanotubes, as well as the nanostructure and composition of an individual BCN nanotube, were systematically studied. It was found that nitrogen atoms are bonded to carbons in both graphitic and pyridinic forms and that the resultant VA-BCNs grown at 1000 °C show the highest specific capacitance (321.0 F/g) with an excellent rate capability and high durability with respect to nonaligned BCN (167.3 F/g) and undoped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (117.3 F/g) due to synergetic effects arising from the combined co-doping of B and N in CNTs and the well-aligned nanotube structure.
Deep Learning for Accelerated Ultrasound Imaging (2018)

In portable, 3-D, or ultra-fast ultrasound (US) imaging systems, there is an increasing demand to reconstruct high quality images from limited number of data. However, the existing solutions require either hardware changes or computationally expansive algorithms. To overcome these limitations, here we propose a novel deep learning approach that interpolates the missing RF data by utilizing the sparsity of the RF data in the Fourier domain. Extensive experimental results from sub-sampled RF data from a real US system confirmed that the proposed method can effectively reduce the data rate without sacrificing the image quality.
Generation of 1 THz repetition rate, 97 fs optical pulse train based on comb-like profiled fibre (2005)

Experimentally generated is a 1 THz, 97 fs optical pulse train at 1.55 cm wavelength region based on a comb-like profiled fibre, which consists of 15 pairs of highly nonlinear fibres (HNLFs) and standard singlemode fibres. Such high-repetition rate pulse generation in the 100 fs regime was made possible by the HNLF with high nonlinearity and small dispersion slope.