gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HTTP Adaptive Streaming (2020)

In this contribution, we present selected novel approaches and results of our research work in the ATHENA Christian Doppler Laboratory (Adaptive Streaming over HTTP and Emerging Networked Multimedia Services), a major research project at our department jointly funded by public sources and industry. By putting this work also into the context of related ongoing research activities, we aim at working out where HTTP Adaptive Streaming is currently heading.
Use of large-caliber coronary guiding catheters for neurointerventional applications. (1996)

The use of certain large-caliber (ie, 7F to 9F) coronary guiding catheters for selected neuroendovascular procedures is described in the context of surveying recently developed neurovascular guiding catheters. These large-caliber guiding catheters have proved useful in situations requiring proximal access to tortuous brachiocephalic arteries, permitting coaxial delivery of relatively large neurointerventional devices, such as most detachable balloons and 5F percutaneous transluminal angioplasty catheters. These large-caliber coronary guiding catheters have some important advantages over both old and new neurovascular guiding catheters, including favorably preshaped configurations and superior torque control. These features permit relatively easy direct selective catheterization of unfavorable vascular anatomy resulting from dolichoectasia of the aortic arch and great vessels.
Cloning of Herpes Simplex Type 1 DNA Fragments in a Bacteriophage Lambda Vector (1979)

DNA isolated from defective and nondefective virions of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) (strain Patton) was digested with restriction endonucleases, and the resulting DNA fragments were inserted in the EK2 coliphage vector lambdagtWES . lambdaB. The recombinant DNA was encapsidated in vitro under P4 maximum containment conditions. These lambda-HSV1 hybrids were purified and amplified, and the DNA was isolated in the P4 facility. DNA, free of viable phage and bacteria, was removed from P4 conditions and analyzed. Represented among the hybrids studied to date are DNA fragments from about 50 percent of the normal HSV-1 genome. The hybrids derived from defective HSV-1 DNA fragments demonstrate the existence of many similar but not identical classes of defective genomes.
Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis/Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Consensus‐Based Recommendations and Research Agenda for Use of Composite Measures and Treatment Targets in Psoriatic Arthritis (2017)

Consensus was not reached on a continuous measure of disease activity. In the interim, the group recommended several composites. Consensus was reached on a treatment target of VLDA/MDA. An extensive research agenda was composed and recommends that data on all PsA clinical domains be collected in ongoing studies.
Imaging and Analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy of the Spontaneous Formation of Al-Rich Shell Structure in Al$_{x}$Ga$_{1-x}$N/GaN Nanowires (2012)

International audience
CdS/ZnO Core/Shell Nanowire‐Built Films for Enhanced Photodetecting and Optoelectronic Gas‐Sensing Applications (2014)

Uniform CdS/ZnO core/shell nanowires are hydrothermally synthesized using a two‐step process and assembled into a photodetector and a NO 2 optoelectronic sensor for the first time. The corresponding photodetector exhibits a fast, reversible, and stable optoelectronic response with a rise time of ∼26 ms, a decay time of ∼2.1 ms and a stability of over 5 months. The remarkable photosensitivity and fast photoresponse are attributed to the formation of a heterojunction structure between CdS and ZnO, which greatly inhibits the recombination of photoinduced electrons and holes. The CdS/ZnO core/shell nanowires also show an excellent visible‐light‐activated gas sensing performance towards ppb‐level NO 2 at room temperature. The responses range from 6.7% to 337% toward NO 2 concentrations of 5 to 1000 ppb. It is found that the sensitivity of the NO 2 sensor is dependent on the illuminated light intensity with a maximum value at 0.68 mW/cm 2 . The sensing mechanisms of the CdS/ZnO nanowires under visible‐light irradiation and the influence of light intensity are also discussed. The present CdS/ZnO core/shell nanowire not only benefits the fabrication of efficient photodetectors, but also makes the instant, optically controlled sensing of ppb‐level NO 2 gas possible.
Multi-microphone noise reduction using interchannel and interframe correlations (2012)

Multi-microphone noise reduction methods often operate in the time-frequency domain in which a complex gain is applied to each time-frame and subband. These methods can achieve good noise reduction with little speech distortion by exploiting the fact that the desired signal is correlated across the channels. In the context of single-microphone noise reduction, it has been shown recently that the performance in terms of noise reduction and speech distortion can be improved by exploiting the correlation between subsequent time-frames, i.e., by exploiting the interframe correlation. In this paper, we exploit both interchannel and interframe correlations in the context of multi-microphone noise reduction. Now the interframe correlation is taken into account, i.e., a filter is applied in each subband and channel instead of just a gain. The results of our experimental study show that we can improve the fullband signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) by using interchannel and interframe correlations when dealing with signals, such as speech, that exhibit a sufficiently large interframe correlation.
Selectivity in Signal Transduction Determined by γ Subunits of Heterotrimeric G Proteins (1993)

Various heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins have been identified on the basis of the individual subtypes of their α subunits. The βγ complexes, composed of β and γ subunits, remain tightly associated under physiological conditions and have been assumed to constitute a common pool shared among various guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding (G) protein heterotrimers. Particular α and β subunit subtypes participate in the signal transduction processes between somatostatin or muscarinic receptors and the voltage-sensitive L-type calcium channel in rat pituitary GH 3 cells. Among γ subunits the γ 3 subtype was found to be required for coupling of the somatostatin receptor to voltage-sensitive calcium channels, whereas the γ 4 subtype was found to be required for coupling of the muscarinic receptor to those channels.
Human monoclonal IgG rheumatoid factor has structural homology with bacterial Fc receptor proteins. (1987)

A cloned lymphoblast cell line, hRF-1, that secreted human monoclonal IgG4 rheumatoid factor autoantibody was produced by Epstein-Barr virus transformation of lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis synovium. The binding of hRF-1 rheumatoid factor to IgG globulins of different mammalian species was similar to the binding specificity of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) and to antibodies found in the sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. hRF-1 also had the same binding pattern to human IgG subclasses as SpA. Direct competition was observed between SpA and hRF-1 in binding IgG Fc. These results provide evidence for structural homology between a bacterial Fc receptor protein (SpA) and the monoclonal IgG rheumatoid factor.
Pairwise face recognition (2002)

We develop a pairwise classification framework for face recognition, in which a C class face recognition problem is divided into a set of C(C-1)/2 two class problems. Such a problem decomposition not only leads to a set of simpler classification problems to be solved, thereby increasing overall classification accuracy, but also provides a framework for independent feature selection for each pair of classes. A simple feature ranking strategy is used to select a small subset of the features for each pair of classes. Furthermore, we evaluate two classification methods under the pairwise comparison framework: the Bayes classifier and the AdaBoost. Experiments on a large face database with 1079 face images of 137 individuals indicate that 20 features are enough to achieve a relatively high recognition accuracy, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the pairwise recognition framework.
Sequence-specific "gene signatures" can beobtained by PCR with single specific primers at low stringency. (1994)

Low-stringency single specific primer PCR (LSSP-PCR) is an extremely simple PCR-based technique that detects single or multiple mutations in gene-sized DNA fragments. A purified DNA fragment is subjected to PCR using high concentrations of a single specific oligonucleotide primer, large amounts of Taq polymerase, and a very low annealing temperature. Under these conditions the primer hybridizes specifically to its complementary region and nonspecifically to multiple sites within the fragment, in a sequence-dependent manner, producing a heterogeneous set of reaction products resolvable by electrophoresis. The complex banding pattern obtained is significantly altered by even a single-base change and thus constitutes a unique "gene signature." Therefore LSSP-PCR will have almost unlimited application in all fields of genetics and molecular medicine where rapid and sensitive detection of mutations and sequence variations is important. The usefulness of LSSP-PCR is illustrated by applications in the study of mutants of smooth muscle myosin light chain, analysis of a family with X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and identity testing using human mitochondrial DNA.
Twelve-Year Experience of Lester Jones Tubes—Results and Comparison of 3 Different Tube Types (2014)

Although patient satisfaction with LJT surgery is high, complications occur frequently, although seem to be less common with the larger 4.0 mm flange. Frosted tubes do not protect against tube displacement. The addition of the internal silicone flange on the SLJT seems to prevent the previously common problem of extrusion.
Experimental study of Lagrangian turbulence in a Stokes flow (1986)

Abstract Experimental studies are made of chaotic particle motion in a simple Stokes flow system. Surfaces-of-section that exhibit a generic mixture of regular and chaotic particle motions in good agreement with computer simulations are constructed experimentally. Deformations of line ele­ments exhibit ‘ whorl ’ and ‘ tendril ’ structures of great complexity that can be correlated directly with the underlying particle dynamics and that agree well with numerical computations. In some cases, the laboratory studies are able to resolve dynamical features more accurately than the computer studies. Experiments demonstrating that the flows exhibit poor time reversal in régimes of chaotic particle motion are also performed.
El santo frente a la solicitación amorosa en tres piezas de Lope de Vega ("El santo negro Rosambuco", "Barlán y Josafá" y "El Serafín Humano") (2004)

Journée d'études du 20 septembre 2004: L'environnement humain du saint (El entorno humano del santo)
Competition Triggers Plasmid-Mediated Enhancement of Substrate Utilisation in Pseudomonas putida (2009)

Competition between species plays a central role in the activity and structure of communities. Stable co-existence of diverse organisms in communities is thought to be fostered by individual tradeoffs and optimization of competitive strategies along resource gradients. Outside the laboratory, microbes exist as multispecies consortia, continuously interacting with one another and the environment. Survival and proliferation of a particular species is governed by its competitive fitness. Therefore, bacteria must be able to continuously sense their immediate environs for presence of competitors and prevailing conditions. Here we present results of our investigations on a novel competition sensing mechanism in the rhizosphere-inhabiting Pseudomonas putida KT2440, harbouring gfpmut3b-modified Kan(R) TOL plasmid. We monitored benzyl alcohol (BA) degradation rate, along with GFP expression profiling in mono species and dual species cultures. Interestingly, enhanced plasmid expression (monitored using GFP expression) and consequent BA degradation were observed in dual species consortia, irrespective of whether the competitor was a BA degrader (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) or a non-degrader (E. coli). Attempts at elucidation of the mechanistic aspects of induction indicated the role of physical interaction, but not of any diffusible compounds emanating from the competitors. This contention is supported by the observation that greater induction took place in presence of increasing number of competitors. Inert microspheres mimicking competitor cell size and concentration did not elicit any significant induction, further suggesting the role of physical cell-cell interaction. Furthermore, it was also established that cell wall compromised competitor had minimal induction capability. We conclude that P. putida harbouring pWW0 experience a competitive stress when grown as dual-species consortium, irrespective of the counterpart being BA degrader or not. The immediate effect of this stress is a marked increase in expression of TOL, leading to rapid utilization of the available carbon source and massive increase in its population density. The plausible mechanisms behind the phenomenon are hypothesised and practical implications are indicated and discussed.
Reinforcement learning-based multi-agent system for network traffic signal control (2010)

A challenging application of artificial intelligence systems involves the scheduling of traffic signals in multi-intersection vehicular networks. This paper introduces a novel use of a multi-agent system and reinforcement learning (RL) framework to obtain an efficient traffic signal control policy. The latter is aimed at minimising the average delay, congestion and likelihood of intersection cross-blocking. A five-intersection traffic network has been studied in which each intersection is governed by an autonomous intelligent agent. Two types of agents, a central agent and an outbound agent, were employed. The outbound agents schedule traffic signals by following the longest-queue-first (LQF) algorithm, which has been proved to guarantee stability and fairness, and collaborate with the central agent by providing it local traffic statistics. The central agent learns a value function driven by its local and neighbours' traffic conditions. The novel methodology proposed here utilises the Q-Learning algorithm with a feedforward neural network for value function approximation. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the advantages of multi-agent RL-based control over LQF governed isolated single-intersection control, thus paving the way for efficient distributed traffic signal control in complex settings.
Toxicity, localization and elimination of the phototoxin, alpha-terthienyl, in mosquito larvae. (1988)

Mosquito larvae were examined to determine interspecific and interstrain differences in susceptibility to the larvicidal effects of the plant-derived phototoxin, alpha-terthienyl (alpha-T). The LC50 values were as follows: Aedes aegypti, 4 ppb; Ae. epactius, 6 ppb; anopheles stephensi, 14 ppb; malathion-susceptible Culex tarsalis (S), 12 ppb; malathion-resistant Cx. tarsalis (R), 16 ppb. Fluorescence studies indicated localization of alpha-T in the midgut epithelium and in the lumen of Malpighian tubules. Rates of elimination of tritiated alpha-T differed significantly between Ae. aegypti and Cx. tarsalis (S) larvae. Rate of 3H-alpha-T elimination was inversely correlated with susceptibility to the toxic effects of the compound. The toxicological significance of selective alpha-T accumulation and the importance of alpha-T elimination in determining sensitivity are discussed.
Silicon Based Composite Anode for Lithium Ion Battery (2011)

The early development on non-aqueous lithium battery began with lithium (Li) metal anode. Its use has been restricted to primary batteries and application to rechargeable systems was beset with dendrite growth over the Li anode. The dendrite appeared profusely www.intechopen.com
End-to-end Lane Detection through Differentiable Least-Squares Fitting (2019)

Lane detection is typically tackled with a two-step pipeline in which a segmentation mask of the lane markings is predicted first, and a lane line model like a parabola or spline is fitted to the post-processed mask next. The problem with such a two-step approach is that the parameters of the network are not optimized for the true task of interest (estimating the lane curvature parameters) but for a proxy task (segmenting the lane markings), resulting in suboptimal performance. In this work, we propose a method to train a lane detector in an end-to-end manner, directly regressing the lane parameters. The architecture consists of two components: a deep network that predicts a segmentation-ike weight map for each lane line, and a differentiable least-squares fitting module that returns for each map the parameters of the best-fitting curve in the weighted least-squares sense. These parameters can subsequently be supervised with a loss function of choice. Our method relies on the observation that it is possible to backpropagate through a least-squares fitting procedure. This leads to an end-to-end method where the features are optimized for the true task of interest: the network implicitly learns to generate features that prevent instabilities during the model fitting step, as opposed to two-step pipelines that need to handle outliers with heuristics. Additionally, the system is not just a black box but offers a degree of interpretability because the intermediately generated segmentation-like weight maps can be inspected and visualized. Code and a video is available at github.com/wvangansbeke/LaneDetection_End2End.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Bound to B Cells: Relationship to Virus Replicating in CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells and Circulating in Plasma (2002)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions bind to B cells in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes through interactions between CD21 on B cells and complement-complexed virions. B-cell-bound virions have been shown to be highly infectious, suggesting a unique mode of HIV-1 dissemination by B cells circulating between peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. In order to investigate the relationship between B-cell-bound HIV-1 and viruses found in CD4+ T cells and in plasma, we examined the genetic relationships of HIV-1 found in the blood and lymph nodes of chronically infected patients with heteroduplex mobility and tracking assays and DNA sequence analysis. In samples from 13 of 15 patients examined, HIV-1 variants in peripheral blood-derived B cells were closely related to virus in CD4+ T cells and more divergent from virus in plasma. In samples from five chronically viremic patients for whom analyses were extended to include lymph node-derived HIV-1 isolates, B-cell-associated HIV-1 and CD4+-T-cell-associated HIV-1 in the lymph nodes were equivalent in their divergence from virus in peripheral blood-derived B cells and generally more distantly related to virus in peripheral blood-derived CD4+ T cells. These results indicates virologic cross talk between B cells and CD4+ T cells within the microenvironment of lymphoid tissues and, to a lesser extent, between cells in lymph nodes and the peripheral blood. These findings also indicate that most of the virus in plasma originates from cells other than CD4(+) T cells in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes.
REPuter: fast computation of maximal repeats in complete genomes. (1999)

Via the Bielefeld Bioinformatics Server (http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/rep uter/).
CD4 T Cell Help via B Cells Is Required for Lymphopenia-Induced CD8 T Cell Proliferation (2016)

Ab-mediated lymphoablation is commonly used in solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, these strategies fail to control pathogenic memory T cells efficiently and to improve long-term transplant outcomes significantly. Understanding the mechanisms of T cell reconstitution is critical for enhancing the efficacy of Ab-mediated depletion in sensitized recipients. Using a murine analog of anti-thymocyte globulin (mATG) in a mouse model of cardiac transplantation, we previously showed that peritransplant lymphocyte depletion induces rapid memory T cell proliferation and only modestly prolongs allograft survival. We now report that T cell repertoire following depletion is dominated by memory CD4 T cells. Additional depletion of these residual CD4 T cells severely impairs the recovery of memory CD8 T cells after mATG treatment. The CD4 T cell help during CD8 T cell recovery depends on the presence of B cells expressing CD40 and intact CD40/CD154 interactions. The requirement for CD4 T cell help is not limited to the use of mATG in heart allograft recipients, and it is observed in nontransplanted mice and after CD8 T cell depletion with mAb instead of mATG. Most importantly, limiting helper signals increases the efficacy of mATG in controlling memory T cell expansion and significantly extends heart allograft survival in sensitized recipients. Our findings uncover the novel role for helper memory CD4 T cells during homeostatic CD8 T cell proliferation and open new avenues for optimizing lymphoablative therapies in allosensitized patients.
Ionic liquids as alternative co‐solvents for laccase: Study of enzyme activity and stability (2008)

The activity and stability of commercial laccase (DeniLite base) in three different water soluble ionic liquids (ILs) (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethylsulfate, [emim][[MDEGSO4], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate, [emim][EtSO4], and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate, [emim][MeSO3]) have been studied and compared to that in two organic solvents (acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide). Initial enzyme activities were similar among the ILs if the same conditions were used. A high reduction on initial enzyme activity was found with acidic pH (5.0). The effect of pH and solvent concentration on enzyme stability were investigated in more detail for 1 week. The enzyme maintained a high stability at pH 9.0 for all ILs tested. [emim][MDEGSO4] was the most promising IL for laccase with an activity loss of about 10% after 7 days of incubation. The kinetic studies in the presence of ABTS as substrate allowed to calculate the Michaelis- Menten parameters. Good agreement was found between experimental data and calculated values using the Michaelis-Menten mechanism, with a total average relative deviation of 2.1%.
Action of electric fields on the plastic deformation of pure and doped ice single crystals (1993)

Abstract A strong effect was found of a relatively small (about 50 V) d.c. voltage applied across thin (10–200 μm) single crystals of ice Ih on their plastic deformation. In pure and doped (HF and KOH) crystals, the application of a d.c. voltage causes a reversible drop in the creep strain rate at temperatures from −10 to −45°C. The application of an a.c. electric field of the same strength (as the d.c. field) to thin specimens or the application of a d.c. electric field to thick specimens (1–3 mm) did not reveal changes in the plastic strain rate. It was also found that d.c. voltage causes a significant decrease in the high-frequency conductivity of ice controlled by majority-charge-carrier concentration (L and D defects). Experiments on the injection of minority charge carriers in ice did not show noticeable changes in the plastic flow rate. The significance of these results for different physical models of dislocation motion is discussed.
In vitro antifungal drug susceptibilities of dermatophytes microconidia and arthroconidia (2008)

The difference in the susceptibility between microconidia and arthroconidia depends on the drug and on the strain, and may be one of the causes of therapeutic failure. Also, the level of resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin B presented by microconidia of these isolates will allow the use of hygromycin resistance as a dominant marker in fungal transformation procedures in future studies of gene function.