gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High program efficiency of p-type floating gate in n-channel split-gate embedded flash memory (2008)

This work proposes a novel p-type boron-doped floating gate for n-channel split-gate flash memory. A lower program voltage, with a programming time of 7 μs, results in five times of the conventional source-side injection programming efficiency, a 5% wider program/erase window, and more reliable endurance characteristics. Additionally, a 2 Mbit embedded flash Intellectual Property (IP) has been successfully implemented and statistically compared. The lower program voltage reduces concerns around the high-voltage decoder, the charge pump efficiency, and the array efficiency beyond 90 nm nodes. The new p-doped split-gate structure provides a very promising solution for advanced embedded split-gate flash memory beyond the 90 nm node.
Hyperbranched Poly(<i>p</i>‐phenylene ethynylene)s (2007)

Abstract Hyperbranched poly( p ‐phenylene ethynylenes) (HB‐PPEs) were synthesized in an A 2 + B 3 one‐pot approach by the Pd/Cu‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of 1,4‐diethynyl‐2,5‐bis‐(octyloxy)benzene and 1,2,4‐tribromobenzene. Reaction conditions were varied with the objective to obtain well‐defined HB‐PPEs of different molecular weights. HB‐PPEs with $\overline M _{\rm w}$ from 11 000 to 237 000 g · mol −1 and PDIs of 1.5–10.7 were prepared. All polymers that comprised unreacted ethynyl groups eventually became insoluble upon drying, presumably as a result of solid‐state cross‐linking. This reaction could be prevented by endcapping the polymers with an excess of 4‐iodotoluene. magnified image
Tradeoff decisions made for a P1149.1 controller design (ATE) (2003)

The author documents tradeoffs involved in designing an IEEE P1149.1/Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) scan bus master (SBM) that can operate at 25 MHz and interfaces a parallel host processor data bus to the serial P1149.1 test bus. By controlling the bits and all P1149.1 protocol for the host through an external device, the speed of running tests and scanning data is increased. Speed and throughput improve as more functions are implemented in controller hardware and fewer in host processor software. However, some advanced features require additional pins. Since the desired goals were a smaller part to fit more easily in a UUT (unit under test) and lower device cost, not all of the high-end functions were attained. The goals for the SBM were to maximize capability within the limit of device size, to be able to work in an IBM PC test station, and to be upwardly compatible with future products. Tradeoffs made for host synchronization, scan throughput, and more flexible commands reduce processor software overheard and improve scan and test rates. Evidence so far indicates that the SBM has met these goals. Prototype parts tested in a PC-based test system functioned as expected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Blood zinc levels in children hospitalized with severe pneumonia: a case control study. (2004)

A case control study was conducted in a referral and teaching hospital in North India on children aged 2 months to 5 years, to compare blood zinc levels in 50 cases of severe pneumonia and 50 age,sex and nutritional status matched controls. Mean blood Zinc levels in cases and controls was 376.1 ug/dL + 225.73 and 538.52 microg/dL +/- 228.0 respectively ( P value 0.0003). In logistic regression model severe pneumonia was associated with lower blood zinc level, use of biomass fuel and isolation of H. Influenzae from nasopharyngeal swab. Cotrimoxazole resistant S. pneumoniae were isolated from 95% of cases and 41.2 % of controls (P = 0. 0004). Therefore, the role of zinc in treatment of severe pneumonia should be investigated.
The effect of erythropoietin on normal and neoplastic cells (2012)

Erythropoietin (Epo) is an essential hormone that binds and activates the Epo receptor (EpoR) resident on the surface of erythroid progenitor cells, thereby promoting erythropoiesis. Recombinant human erythropoietin has been used successfully for over 20 years to treat anemia in millions of patients. In addition to erythropoiesis, Epo has also been reported to have other effects, such as tissue protection and promotion of tumor cell growth or survival. This became of significant concern in 2003, when some clinical trials in cancer patients reported increased tumor progression and worse survival outcomes in patients treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). One of the potential mechanisms proffered to explain the observed safety issues was that functional EpoR was expressed in tumors and/or endothelial cells, and that ESAs directly stimulated tumor growth and/or antagonized tumor ablative therapies. Since then, numerous groups have performed further research evaluating this potential mechanism with conflicting data and conclusions. Here, we review the biology of endogenous Epo and EpoR expression and function in erythropoiesis, and evaluate the evidence pertaining to the expression of EpoR on normal nonhematopoietic and tumor cells.
The Antifungal Echinocandin Caspofungin Acetate Kills Growing Cells of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> In Vitro (2002)

Caspofungin acetate is an antifungal antibiotic that inhibits synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall. While caspofungin causes cell death in yeasts and dimorphic fungi such as Candida albicans, its effect on Aspergillus fumigatus is less well understood. We used the fluorescent dyes 5,(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol (DiBAC), which stain live and dead cells, respectively, to further characterize the antifungal activity of caspofungin. For comparison, compounds whose mode of action was either fungistatic (fluconazole, itraconazole) or fungicidal (amphotericin B) were also evaluated. A correlation between caspofungin-induced loss of viability, decreased CFDA staining, and increased DiBAC staining was established first with C. albicans. For A. fumigatus, caspofungin caused similar dye-staining changes, which were quantified by fluorimetric analysis of stained hyphae grown in a medium that promoted dispersed growth. The minimum concentration of caspofungin required to produce these changes also decreased the level of growth-dependent reduction of the indicator dye Alamar Blue. We observed a differential effect of caspofungin as a function of cell position: 88% of apical cells and 61% of subapical branching cells failed to stain with the viable dye CFDA, but only 24% of subapical cells were unstained. Complementary results were seen with germlings from DiBAC-stained, caspofungin-treated cultures. Extended incubation of A. fumigatus with a single dose of caspofungin affected the same proportion of apical and subapical branching cells for up to 72 h. The dye-staining patterns illustrate that the cells at the active centers for new cell wall synthesis within A. fumigatus hyphae are killed when they are exposed to caspofungin.
Issues in Automated Visual Surveillance (2003)

Abstract. The usefulness of networks of surveillance cameras is primarily limited by the demand placed on human supervisors to monitor many real time video feeds simultaneously. The goal of automated visual surveillance is to reduce the burden on operators by including software in a surveillance system that can analyse behaviour automatically. This paper reviews progress in the field and considers some of the major remaining problems in automated video surveillance. 1
Design of a Wideband Circularly Polarized Stacked Dielectric Resonator Antenna (2018)

A kind of circular polarized (CP) stacked dielectric resonator (DR) antenna with wide bandwidth and high gain is presented in this communication. For this design, a two-layer DR with improved performance in bandwidth and gain is used as the basic resonator. By further applying it into a stacked design, two similar modes with adjacent resonant frequencies can be merged together, providing a wide axial ratio bandwidth of more than 20%. The single-feed CP operation is achieved by adopting a coupling cross-slot, which is beneficial for fine-tuning and array forming, as compared to multifeed structures. Two design examples working at different frequency bands and for different senses of CP have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design concept.
Isolation and structural characterization of an insulin‐related molecule, a predominant neuropeptide from <i>Locusta migratoria</i> (1991)

Neurohaemal lobes of corpora cardiaca of Locusta migratoria are an established storage site for neurohormones produced by the neurosecretory cells of the brain. As previously reported [Hietter, H., Van Dorsselaer, A., Green, B., Denoroy, L., Hoffmann, J.A. & Luu, B. (1990) Eur. J. Biochem. 187, 241-247], the isolation and characterization of a novel 5-kDa peptide from these lobes served as the basis for oligonucleotide screening of cDNA libraries prepared from poly(A) RNA from neurosecretory cells of the central nervous system. From subsequent cDNA cloning studies [Lagueux, M., Lwoff, L., Meister, M., Goltzené, F. & Hoffmann, J.A. (1990) Eur. J. Biochem. 187, 249-254], the existence of a 145-residue precursor protein was deduced, which contained, in addition to the 5-kDa peptide, amino-acid sequences with homology to the A and B chains of an insulin-related peptide. In the present study we have isolated the native molecule from corpora cardiaca of Locusta and characterized, by Edman degradation and plasma-desorption mass spectrometry, the two chains as follows: A chain, Gly-Val-Phe-Asp-Glu-Cys-Cys-Arg-Lys-Ser-Cys-Ser-Ile-Ser-Glu-Leu-Gln-Thr- Tyr-Cys - Gly (Ile, isoleucine); B chain, Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Gln-Pro-Val-Ala-Arg-Tyr-Cys-Gly-Glu-Lys-Leu-Ser-Asn-Ala- Leu-Lys - Leu-Val-Cys-Arg-Gly-Asn-Tyr-Asn-Thr-Met-Phe. Taken in conjunction with the previous cloning studies, our data lead to a clear picture of the processing of Locusta preproinsulin. They indicate that locusta corpora cardiaca contain remarkably large amounts of one single insulin form, in contrast to multiple insulin isoforms of Bombyx mori, the only other insect species from which insulin-related peptides have been isolated and characterized [Nagasawa, H., Kataoka, H., Isogai, A., Tamura, S., Suzuki, A., Mizoguchi, A., Fujiwara, Y., Suzuki, A., Takahashi, S. & Ishizaki, H. (1986) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83, 5840-5843].
Immunoglobulin G subclass responses against the structural components of Puumala virus (1993)

Sera from sequentially bled nephropathia epidemica patients (acute-phase, convalescent-phase, and 2-year sera) and sera from 10 to 20 years postinfection were examined by immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass-specific ELISAs for reactivities against each of the Puumala virus structural proteins (N, G1, and G2). IgG1 was found to be the dominating antiviral subclass, and most of the patients had IgG1 directed to all three structural proteins at all times with a continuous increase over time. IgG2 to the three viral proteins was detected in very low amounts in only a few of the samples. All of the serially bled patients developed IgG3 against each of the proteins, but the responses against the different viral components varied; anti-N- and anti-G1-specific IgG3 showed a peak in the convalescent-phase samples, while the anti-G2 IgG3 response was highest in the acute-phase sera. Eight of ten serially bled patients developed specific IgG4. The IgG4 responses showed similar patterns against all three viral proteins with very low optical density values in the acute- and convalescent-phase samples, followed by higher optical densities in the sera drawn 2 years after infection. Seven of nine 10-year sera contained virus-specific IgG4. These results support the theory concerning the persistence of Puumala virus or viral antigens several years after infection.
A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF ANALYSING DYNAMIC CREEP TEST RESULTS (1996)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9050.78239(TRL--159) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
Status of Surgical Margins and Prognosis in Adult Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities: A Series of Patients Treated at a Single Institution (2004)

Positive surgical margins had a weak adverse prognostic effect, which was more pronounced for those patients escaping an early relapse. This would seem to justify a policy of surgical adequacy in adult soft tissue sarcomas, though clinical decision making in borderline presentations for conservative surgery might be reasonably flexible and shared with the patient. Once a local relapse has occurred, the impact of local treatments seems more critical.
A Model for Phase Separation During a Thermoset Polymerization (1984)

A model was developed to predict the fraction and composition of the dispersed phase segregated during a thermoset polymerization (e.g., a rubber-modified epoxy system). This model can also be used to predict the mean radius and volumetric concentration of the dispersed particles. The location of equilibrium and spinodal curves is described by a Flory-Huggins equation that includes the thermoset conversion. Equations for nucleation, coalescence, and growing rates were derived and analyzed. The morphology development is assumed to be arrested by gelation of the thermoset matrix. The dispersed-phase fraction and the concentration of dispersed particles decrease with an increase in the curing temperature; however, the mean radius goes through a maximum. Accelerating the polymerization by adding a catalyst has the same effect as a temperature increase. Conditions leading to spinodal demixing are discussed.
Guayule rubber production, the World War II Emergency Rubber Project: a guide to future development. (1980)

Item lacks publication date - publication date of 1980-1985 indicated by UA Library Catalog and WorldCat.
Design of PCB Rogowski Coil Current Sensor With Low Droop Distortion (2023)

Wide bandgap devices (SiC and GaN) bring the potential for a great increase in power density of power electronics, but also pose a challenge to the bandwidth of the current sensor because of the high operating frequency. Rogowski coil is suitable for high-frequency current measurement due to its characteristic of differential output, but the existing design is difficult to take into account the sensitivity and mutual inductance at the same time, and faces the inherent defect of droop distortion. This article proposes an optimal printed circuit board (PCB) Rogowski coil structure design method for SiC MOSFET power module and a novel sample-filter-hold (SFH) method to minimize droop distortion in integrators. First, the optimal parameters with multiobjective constrained optimization of the Rogowski coil current sensor for the SiC-MOSFET power module are obtained. Then, the influence factors of droop distortion of the sensor in buck converters and inverters are quantitatively analyzed for the first time and an SFH suppression method is proposed, which can eliminate the offset caused by droop distortion reliably and accurately. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Rogowski coil design method and the SFH method for lower droop distortion achieve better low-frequency performance compared to the commercial Rogowski coil.
Mechanisms for the photooxidation of protoporphyrin IX in solution (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanisms for the photooxidation of protoporphyrin IX in solutionG. Sidney Cox and David G. WhittenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 2, 516–521Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00366a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00366a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views558Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organ-specific inhibition of Types I,II and III transcriptional activity in hamsters exposed to stilbene estrogen (1995)

We have previously shown that stilbene estrogen (diethyl-stilbestrol, DES) covalently binds to nonhistone nuclear proteins both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate the differential effects of DES exposure on in organelle transcriptional activity in nuclei isolated from kidney (target organ of cancer) and liver (non target organ) of hamsters. Kidney RNA polymerase (RNA pol) I and III activities were significantly inhibited by 50% at days 8 and 15 of DES exposure compared to that of controls. Liver RNA pol I and III activities were only modestly inhibited (17 and 22%, respectively) by 2 and 8 days of DES exposure, respectively. However, longer exposure of DES to animals did not produce any significant effects on RNA pol I activity. The activity of RNA pol II was affected by DES exposure in both liver and kidney. DES treatment for two days resulted in an increase in RNA pol II activity in kidney. The enhanced enzyme activity was decreased to 50% of that of the control at 15 days of DES treatment. Unlike RNA pol I and III, RNA pol II activity in the liver was inhibited in a time-dependent fashion in response to DES exposure. To understand the mechanism of transcriptional inhibition by DES, we analyzed the effect of DES exposure on the expression of hepatic RNA pol II at both mRNA and protein levels and also phosphorylation of hepatic RNA pol II. The total amount of transcripts or protein contents of hepatic RNA pol II was not altered in response to DES exposure to hamster for 15 days. Total phosphorylation of hepatic RNA pol II was also not affected by 15 days DES exposure. However tyrosine phosphorylation of hepatic RNA pol II was lowered by 2.8-fold compared to that of control enzyme in response to DES exposure for 15 days. An inhibitory effect of DES on the total RNA polymerase activity in both kidney and liver nuclei in the presence of endogenous template was observed in vitro. No inhibitory effect of DES was observed in vitro on transcriptional activity in the presence of exogenously added DNA template. Based on these data it appears that the in vivo inhibition of transcription by DES may be due to alterations in chromatin template or the level of transcription regulating proteins and not due to decreased availability of the chromatin template and/or RNA polymerase. Whether DES related inhibition of transcriptional activity plays a role in the development of kidney cancer is not clear.
A parallel and accelerated circuit simulator with precise accuracy (2003)

We have developed a highly parallel and accelerated circuit simulator which produces precise results for large scale simulation. We incorporated multithreading in both the model and matrix calculations to achieve not only a factor of 10 acceleration compared to the de facto standard circuit simulator used worldwide, but also equal or exceed the performance of timing-based event-driven simulators with the accuracy which matches that of SPICE-based circuit simulation. For example, a 89K element DRAM CAS circuit simulation can be performed in under 38 minutes with timing accuracy error as little as 7 ps.
13-<i>cis</i>-Retinoic Acid in the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia (1986)

13-cis-Retinoic acid has been reported to be effective in treating oral leukoplakia. We randomly assigned 44 patients with this disease to receive 13-cis-retinoic acid (24 patients) or placebo (20), 1 to 2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day for three months, and followed them for six months. There were major decreases in the size of the lesions in 67 percent (16 patients) of those given the drug and in 10 percent (2 patients) of those given placebo (P = 0.0002); dysplasia was reversed in 54 percent (13 patients) of the drug group and in 10 percent (2 patients) of the placebo group (P = 0.01). The clinical response to the drug correlated with the histologic response in 56 percent (9 of 16) of the patients evaluated. Relapse occurred in 9 of 16 patients two to three months after treatment ended. The toxic effects of the drug were acceptable in all but two patients. Cheilitis, facial erythema, and dryness and peeling of the skin were common; conjunctivitis and hypertriglyceridemia also occurred. All adverse reactions could be reversed by reducing the dose or temporarily discontinuing the drug. We conclude that 13-cis-retinoic acid, even in short-term use, appears to be an effective treatment for oral leukoplakia and has an acceptable level of toxicity.
MICROBOLOMETERS WITH ADAPTIVE DETECTIVITY USING ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATION (2004)

The first microbolometers with electronically controlled detectivities are reported. Such devices are needed to thermally image scenes containing both very high and low temperatures. In the high detectivity state, the microbolometers are operated similar to standard commercial devices In the low detectivity state, portions of the support beams are brought in contact with the substrate to reduce the sensitivity of the devices. This can be done on a pixel-by-pixel basis. In low voltage testing, the maximum actuation voltage is set to 17V, and the detectivities of a typical device can be switched more than an order of magnitude between 1.8x10 6 cmHz 1/2 /W and 1.5x10 5 cmHz 1/2 /W. The device pixel size is 100 m by 100 m and is designed for an array fill factor of 91%.
Formation process of high reflective Ni∕Ag∕Au Ohmic contact for GaN flip-chip light-emitting diodes (2007)

The combinations of Ni, Ag, and Au which form both Ohmic and reflective multilayer contacts for flip-chip light-emitting diode applications are examined. A strong interdiffusion of Ohmic metals and GaN during the annealing process is found to result in poor reflectance (63% at the wavelength of 465nm). The authors propose a two step metallization method, the Ni∕Ag double layer is first deposited/annealed followed by the deposition of Au, to improve the correspondent reflectivity (as high as 92%). This method is different from the conventional one step Ni∕Ag∕Au formation method in which these three metals are deposited together and then annealed. The secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiles indicate that a wide interdiffusion region existed only in the conventional one step formation samples; thus the low reflectivity of Ni∕Ag∕Au-annealed contacts can be attributed to the strong interdiffusion of Ohmic metal into GaN. Their proposed two step metallization method avoids the strong interdiffusion and improves the reflectivity effectively.