gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Protein-Tyrosine Kinase Gene ( <i>hck</i> ) Preferentially Expressed in Cells of Hematopoietic Origin (1987)

Protein-tyrosine kinases are implicated in the control of cell growth by virtue of their frequent appearance as products of retroviral oncogenes and as components of growth factor receptors. Here we report the characterization of a novel human protein-tyrosine kinase gene (hck) that is primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells, particularly granulocytes. The hck gene encodes a 505-residue polypeptide that is closely related to pp56lck, a lymphocyte-specific protein-tyrosine kinase. The exon breakpoints of the hck gene, partially defined by using murine genomic clones, demonstrate that hck is a member of the src gene family and has been subjected to strong selection pressure during mammalian evolution. High-level expression of hck transcripts in granulocytes is especially provocative since these cells are terminally differentiated and typically survive in vivo for only a few hours. Thus the hck gene, like other members of the src gene family, appears to function primarily in cells with little growth potential.
Pump excited state absorption in holmium-doped fluoride glass (2008)

The primary excited state absorption processes relating to the I65→I75 3μm laser transition in singly Ho3+-doped fluoride glass have been investigated in detail using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Selective laser excitation of the I65 and I75 energy levels established the occurrence of two excited state absorption transitions from these energy levels that compete with previously described energy transfer upconversion processes. The I75→I45 excited state absorption transition has peak cross sections at 1216nm (σesa=2.8×10−21cm2), 1174nm (σesa=1×10−21cm2), and 1134nm (σesa=7.4×10−22cm2) which have a strong overlap with the I85→I65 ground state absorption. On the other hand, it was established that the excited state absorption transition I65→S25 had a weak overlap with ground state absorption. Using numerical solution of the rate equations, we show that Ho3+-doped fluoride fiber lasers employing pumping at 1100nm rely on excited state absorption from the lowest excited state of Ho3+ to maintain a population inversion and that energy transfer upconversion processes compete detrimentally with the excited state absorption processes in concentrated Ho3+-doped fluoride glass.
Surface analysis and adhesion of polypropylene after low‐pressure plasma treatment (1990)

Abstract We have used XPS core‐level spectroscopy to study the nature of polypropylene surfaces that were exposed to an rf‐induced low‐pressure plasma. This treatment resulted in enhanced oxidation of the polymer surface, which can be attributed to CO functionalities. This modification of the polymer surface allowed the proparation of adhesive joints with improved strength of the polymerepoxy interface. Langmuir probe techniques were used to characterize the plasma. X‐ray degradation of the plasma‐modified polymer surfaces was observed.
Refinement of Pyrolysis Techniques for Gas Chromatography (1965)

The combination of pyrolysis and gas chromatography has until recently been considered a relatively crude analytical technique. However, rapid advances are being made through extensive efforts in apparatus design and more thorough study of operational parameters. A design is described which incorporates newly defined apparatus needs and provides better control of variables. The effects of pyrolysis conditions on pyrograms of polystyrene are presented as an example of how these conditions can be varied and optimized. Under optimum pyrolysis conditions, results are reproducible with relative deviations of about 1%. The value of cryogenic temperature programming in separating products of widely differing volatilities is also demonstrated.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Charge Distribution of InGaZnO4. X-ray Diffraction Study of 20kb Single Crystal and 50kb Twin by Reticular Merohedry (2000)

Synthesis of InGaZnO4 at 20Kb and 50Kb produced a single crystal and a twinned crystal respectively. The X�ray diffraction crystal structure refinement (R1 = 0.015 and 0.019 respectively) and the Charge Distribution analysis are reported. Space group is R3m; cell parameters in hexagonal axes are a = 3.2990(2)Å, c = 26.1013(25)Å (20kb single crystal) and a = 3.3051(2)Å, c = 26.1029(19)Å (50kb twinned crystal). The cell volume is 246.01(3)Å3 and 246.94(3)Å3 respectively. The In is in regular octahedral coordination, whereas Ga/Zn are in trigonal bipyramid co-ordination. Charge Distribution on cations (2.94 and 2.95 respectively vs. 3.0 for In, and 2.53 vs. 2.5 for Ga/Zn) shows that the structure is well refined. Charge Distribution on oxygens (—1.96 and —2.04 for O1 and O2, vs. —2.0) excludes the presence of valence unbalance effects. A possible structural role of the trigonal bipyramidal coordination is discussed.
<i>In vitro</i>metabolism of gefitinib in human liver microsomes (2004)

The in vitro metabolism of gefitinib was investigated by incubating [14C]-gefitinib, as well as M537194, M387783 and M523595 (the main metabolites of gefitinib observed in man), at a concentration of 100 microM with human liver microsomes (4 mg ml(-1)) for 120 min. These relatively high substrate and microsomal protein concentrations were used in an effort to generate sufficient quantities of metabolites for identification. HPLC with ultraviolet light, radiochemical and mass spectral analysis, together with the availability of authentic standards, enabled quantification and structural identification of a large number of metabolites. Although 16 metabolites were identified, metabolism was restricted to three regions of the molecule. The major pathway involved morpholine ring-opening and step-wise removal of the morpholine ring and propoxy side chain. O-demethylation of the quinazoline methoxy group was a quantitatively less important pathway, in contrast to the clinical situation, where O-desmethyl gefitinib (M523595) is the predominant plasma metabolite. The third metabolic route, oxidative defluorination, was only a minor route of metabolism. Some metabolites were formed by a combination of these processes, but no metabolism was observed in other parts of the molecule. Incubation of gefitinib produced ten identified metabolites, but the use of the three main in vivo metabolites as additional substrates enabled a more comprehensive metabolic pathway to be constructed and this has been valuable in supporting the more limited data available from the human in vivo study.
A European ISM band power amplifier module (2002)

In this paper we present a power amplifier module suitable for the 433 MHz European ISM band frequency. The PA module provides a maximum 30 dBm output level at 433 kHz. The included power control circuit provides 30 dB of dynamic range control. The overall module was designed on a single test board with a 4.8 V supply voltage. The maximum output power deviation is less than 1 dB over the complete control range. Measurements for two tone tests (with a 100 kHz offset) show that the measured intermodulation products are -35 dBc for a -35 dBm input power level. Four different variations of our basic design have been implemented. They differ in the types of directional coupler used and the types of power control circuit used. All designs use directional couplers with an envelope detector for the power control feedback circuit, which offers accurate power detection, high linearity and stable output power. The inherent simplicity of the new design makes it useful for many applications. At the highest output power level, the measured power efficiency of the PA module is 40%.
Rapid detection of structural variation in a human genome using nanochannel-based genome mapping technology (2014)

Our study highlights genome mapping technology as a comprehensive and cost-effective method for detecting structural variation and studying complex regions in the human genome, as well as deciphering viral integration into the host genome.
Antiviral Action and Cellular Toxicity of Four Thymidine Analogues: 5-Ethyl-, 5-Vinyl-, 5-Propyl-, and 5-Allyl-2′-Deoxyuridine (1976)

5-Ethyl-, 5-vinyl-, 5-propyl-, and 5-allyl-2'-deoxyuridine (dUrd) had antiviral activity against herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 grown in HeLa TK(-) cells, in the order 5-vinyl-dUrd, 5-ethyl-dUrd, 5-propyl-dUrd, 5-allyl-dUrd, but they were inactive against a TK(-) mutant of herpes simplex type 1. The antiviral activity of these compounds could be partially reversed by thymidine. Except for 5-vinyl-dUrd, they were not toxic to WI-38 and HeLa TK(-) cells at a concentration of 25 muM. All four analogues inhibited the growth of herpes simplex type 1-transformed HeLa TK(-) cells at a concentration of 1 muM.
PRODUCTION OF INCOMPLETE Vi ANTIBODY IN MAN BY TYPHOID VACCINE1 (1965)

Journal Article PRODUCTION OF INCOMPLETE Vi ANTIBODY IN MAN BY TYPHOID VACCINE Get access SIDNEY GAINES, SIDNEY GAINES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JULIUS A. CURRIE, JULIUS A. CURRIE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOSEPH G. TULLY JOSEPH G. TULLY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 81, Issue 3, May 1965, Pages 350–355, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120521 Published: 01 May 1965 Article history Received: 18 December 1964 Published: 01 May 1965
Advanced technologies for high-efficiency GaInN LEDs for solid state lighting (2004)

Solid state lighting has seen a rapid development over the last decade. They compete and even outperform light sources like incandescent bulbs and halogen lamps. LEDs are used in applications where brightness, power consumption, reliability and costs are key parameters as automotive, mobile and display applications. In the future LEDs will also enter the market of general lighting. For all of these new applications highly efficient, scalable and cost efficient technologies are required. These targets can be matched by SiC based flip chip LEDs which enable the design of high current chips with efficiencies of up to 28 lm/W in white solderable packages. An alternative approach is the implementation of thinfilm technology for GaInN. The LED is fabricated by transferring the epilayers with laser lift off from sapphire to a GaAs host substrate. In combination with efficient surface roughening and highly reflective p-mirror metalization an extraction efficiency of 70% and wall plug efficiency of 24% at 460 nm have been shown. The chips showed 16 mW @ 20 mA with a Voltage of 3.2 V. The technology is scalable from small size LEDs to high current Chips and is being transferred to mass production.
Methanesulfonanilides and the Mannich reaction (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethanesulfonanilides and the Mannich reactionRandall Lis and Anthony J. MariscaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 19, 4377–4379Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00228a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00228a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1050Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Redox regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in human spermatozoa and its role in the control of human sperm function (1995)

The redox status of human spermatozoa was found to have a profound influence on the fertilizing potential of these cells in association with qualitative and quantitative changes in the patterns of tyrosine phosphorylation. In general, oxidizing conditions enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulated sperm function, whereas reducing conditions had the opposite effect. Unstimulated human spermatozoa exhibited low levels of spontaneous acrosomal exocytosis and sperm-oocyte fusion and minimal reactive oxygen species generation, while phosphotyrosine expression was largely confined to a single protein of 116 kDa. However, if the spermatozoa were exposed to oxidizing conditions through the addition of exogenous H2O2, or the stimulation of endogenous NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species generation, then a dramatic increase in tyrosine phosphorylation was observed (major phosphotyrosyl bands at 222 kDa, 200 kDa, 159 kDa, 133 kDa, 116 kDa and 82 kDa) in concert with the functional activation of the spermatozoa. A causal association between reactive oxygen species generation, tyrosine phosphorylation and sperm function was indicated by studies with the ionophore, A23187, which induced high rates of spermoocyte fusion together with enhanced rates of reactive oxygen species production and the increased expression of phosphotyrosyl proteins. This functional response to A23187 could be abrogated, without any concomitant change in sperm motility or viability, by using membrane permeant thiols or catalase to suppress the reactive oxygen species-induced increase in phosphotyrosine expression. The fact that the biological responses of human spermatozoa to biological agonists (recombinant human ZP3 and progesterone) could also be inhibited by catalase indicated the general relevance of these findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A new adaptive quantization method to reduce blocking effect (1998)

In this paper, we present a method to reduce the blocking effects in block based coding schemes. Based on our observations, the blocking effect appears mainly in the regions where motion is so fast or complex that its motion is not well compensated. These regions tend to be coarsely quantized in the traditional method using only the spatial activity measure. In order to apply fine quantization on these regions, we introduce a new activity measure, the slope activity. By using this measure together with the spatial activity measure, we can perform an adaptive quantization on each macroblock in a picture. Our approach shows better picture quality compared to the MPEG2 TM5. Particularly in fast or complex motion scenes, the blocking effect in the object boundaries are far more reduced than that of MPEG2 TM5, therefore generating a much smoother image for comfortable viewing. Also, our method shows a higher PSNR than that of the MPEG2 TM5.
Rotating and Gyroscopic MEMS Energy Scavenging (2006)

Extracting energy from motion and vibration is an attractive route to powering wireless sensors, and MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology is well suited to miniaturizing such generators. Most reported MEMS motion-driven scavengers use linear displacement, and have very restricted output power. Here two alternatives are proposed and analyzed: resonant rotating generators, in which the angular amplitude of the proof mass is greater than that of the source motion, and gyroscopic scavengers, in which the proof mass is actively spun or vibrated. By avoiding, respectively, the linear displacement limit and the limited mass of conventional devices, it is shown that large increases in obtainable power are possible, particularly if parasitic damping is minimized
Enhancing Performance of Random Caching in Large-Scale Heterogeneous Wireless Networks With Random Discontinuous Transmission (2018)

To make better use of file diversity provided by random caching and improve the successful transmission probability (STP) of a file, we consider retransmissions with random discontinuous transmission (DTX) in a large-scale cache-enabled heterogeneous wireless network employing random caching. We analyze and optimize the STP in two mobility scenarios, i.e., the high mobility scenario and the static scenario. First, in each scenario, by using tools from stochastic geometry, we obtain a closed-form expression for the STP in the general signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) threshold regime. The analysis shows that a larger caching probability corresponds to a higher STP in both scenarios; random DTX can improve the STP in the static scenario and its benefit gradually diminishes when mobility increases. In each scenario, we also derive a closed-form expression for the asymptotic outage probability in the low SIR threshold regime. The asymptotic analysis shows that the diversity gain is jointly affected by random caching and random DTX in both scenarios. Then, in each scenario, we consider the maximization of the STP with respect to the caching probability and the BS activity probability, which is a challenging non-convex optimization problem with a complex objective function. In particular, in the high mobility scenario, we obtain a globally optimal solution. In the static scenario, we develop a low-complexity iterative algorithm to obtain a stationary point. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed solutions achieve significant gains over existing baseline schemes and can well adapt to the changes of the system parameters to wisely utilize storage resources and transmission opportunities.
An Optimal Linear Active Suspension with Finite Road Preview (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A theory of optimal feed-forward control is developed, for a linear system with a disturbance input, based on the analogy between a filtered white noise and a unit step. The theory is applied to an active unicycle suspension on a random road with finite preview and the effect of preview time on the performance index determined. The electro-hydraulic system proposed has a fixed preview distance and requires feedback of the body state variables plus feed forward of the previewed road input through a shift register sequence which is adaptable to a wide range of speeds by automatic switching.</div>
The Relationship between CD27 Negative and Positive B Cell Populations in Human Peripheral Blood (2011)

CD27 expression has been used to distinguish between memory and naive B cells in humans. However, low levels of mutated and isotype-switched CD27-IgD- cells are seen in healthy adults, and these are increased in some autoimmune diseases and in the elderly. Thus CD27 is not a universal marker of memory B cells in humans. Various hypotheses have been put forward as to the function of the CD27- memory population. Since we have previously found high-throughput IGHV repertoire analysis useful to distinguish "innate-like" memory B cells (CD27+IgD+), we have employed similar analyses to elucidate the relationship between CD27- and CD27+ memory B cells. IgM+IgD- memory cells in both the CD27+ and CD27- compartments share the unique characteristics of the "innate-like" IgM+IgD+CD27+ cells. The switched CD27+ and CD27- memory cells share a similar IGHV repertoire, having more in common with each other than with "innate-like" memory cells, although it is interesting that IgG2 and IgA2 subclasses of antibody in both switched memory populations have a more "innate-like" repertoire. Clonality analysis shows evidence of a close clonal relationship between the two populations in that both CD27- and CD27+ switched memory cells can be found in the same genealogical tree. The expression of CD27 does not appear to occur in a linear developmental fashion, since we see CD27- cells as precursors of CD27+ cells and vice versa. Despite the similarities, the CDR-H3 repertoire of the CD27- cells is significantly different from both the CD27+IgD+ and CD27+IgD- populations, indicating that perhaps the lack of CD27 might be related to binding properties of the Ig CDR-H3 region.
Multiarm High-Throughput Integration Site Detection: Limitations of LAM-PCR Technology and Optimization for Clonal Analysis (2007)

Retroviral integration provides a unique and heritable genomic tag for a target cell and its progeny, enabling studies of clonal composition and repopulation kinetics after gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells. The clonal tracking method, linear amplification-mediated polymerase chain reaction (LAM-PCR) is widely employed to follow the hematopoietic output of retrovirally marked stem cells. Here we examine the capabilities and limitations of conventional LAM-PCR to track individual clones in a complex multiclonal mix. Using artificial mixtures of retrovirally marked, single-cell-derived clones, we demonstrate that LAM-PCR fails to detect 30-40% of the clones, even after exhaustive analysis. Furthermore, the relative abundance of specific clones within a mix is not accurately represented, deviating by as much as 60-fold from their true abundance. We describe an optimized, multiarm, high-throughput modification of LAM-PCR that improves the global detection capacity to greater than 90% with exhaustive sampling, facilitates accurate estimates of the total pool size from smaller samplings, and provides a rapid, cost-effective approach to the generation of large insertion-site data bases required for evaluation of vector integration preferences. The inability to estimate the abundance of individual clones within mixtures remains a serious limitation. Thus, although LAM-PCR is a powerful tool for identification of integration sites and for estimations of clonal complexity, it fails to provide the semiquantitative information necessary for direct, reliable tracking of individual clones in a chimeric background.
On the Value of Knowing a z• Ion for What It Is (2007)

Computer simulation of database searches of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) spectra using both "bottom up" and "top down" approaches was performed to evaluate the utility of knowing a priori which product ions contain the C-terminus (i.e., the z* ions). In this work, knowledge of the identities of the z* ions was used to exclude putative identifications that are based solely on the mass matching of undifferentiated product ions derived from an experiment with those derived from in silico fragmentation. The benefit from knowing which ions are z* ions was found to be heavily dependent on the quality of the ETD spectra, in terms of sequence coverage afforded by the product ions, the amount of noise in the spectra (i.e., extraneous peaks that do not directly reflect primary structure), and mass measurement accuracy. Under conditions in which the likelihood for misidentifications are high without a priori knowledge of ion types (e.g., b-, y-, c-, or z-ions), a knowledge of which product ions are z* ions allows discrimination against false-positive identifications. Relatively little benefit from knowing which ions are z* ions was noted when product spectra reflected relatively high sequence coverage and when a low fraction of the products ions were due to extraneous peaks (i.e., spectra with relatively little noise). In all cases, specificity is higher with higher mass measurement accuracy with the consequent reduction in benefit from knowledge of which ions are z* ions.