gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of leukocyte classification techniques for microscopic blood images (2015)

An automated system for leukocyte classification can make manual analysis of peripheral blood smear faster and less tedious task for a pathologist. Hematological disorders of leukocytes (white blood corpuscles) are very frequent in medical practices. Microscopic analysis of peripheral blood smear is a critical step in diagnosing the hematological disorders. However, the nonspecific nature of white cell with symptoms of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) often leads to erroneous identification. Hence, the hematologists face difficulty to classify white blood cells. Light microscopic assessment is time consuming and inherently subjective, hence to avoid such problems an efficient computer aided classification technique for quantitative analysis of peripheral blood samples is required. This paper provides a review of computer-based classification techniques for leukocytes which have been effectively implemented by different researchers.
Serum lithium concentrations around the clock with different treatment regimens and the diurnal variation of the renal lithium clearance (1981)

The serum lithium concentration was determined around the clock in patients treated with conventional tablets given once daily, in the evening, and in patients treated with slow-release tablets given twice daily, in the morning and in the evening. Curve shapes differed markedly in the two groups, with much wider variation of serum concentrations in the former than in the latter. The data were used to calculate for the two patient groups the ratio of the mean serum lithium concentration over the 24-h day to the serum lithium concentration in blood samples drawn 12 h after the last intake of lithium. Around-the-clock determinations of the patients' renal lithium clearance showed about 20% lower values during the night than during the day.
Effect of Coupling Between Multiple Transmitters or Multiple Receivers on Wireless Power Transfer (2013)

The operation of wireless power transfer systems with multiple transmitters (TXs) or receivers (RXs) is investigated. With multiple TXs or RXs in a limited space, couplings occur between TXs or between RXs. The frequency conditions for maximum efficiency and power transfer under such couplings are proposed. Effective resonant frequency of the TXs or the RXs is changed due to such couplings, and driving and/or resonant frequencies should therefore be adjusted accordingly. The amount and type of the required adjustments are provided. The efficiencies in these conditions are discussed. These concepts are supported by experiments with couplings between TXs or between RXs. Using the proposed frequency adjustments, 51-65-W power is transferred with 45%-57% efficiency, even with very low coupling coefficients of 0.025-0.063 from TX to RX. This improvement is significant compared to the unadjusted cases where less than 4 W is transferred with only 5%-33% efficiency.
The Application of Supercomputers in Modeling Chemical Reaction Kinetics: Kinetic Simulation of 'Quasi-Living' Radical Polymerization (1990)

A computer program has been written which employs an implicit Euler method to solve directly the complete set of coupled differential equations which result from an analysis of polymerization kinetics. The program was written to make full use of the speed and power of modern supercomputers, and is suited to the solution of very large stiff systems of differential equations. The benefit of treating each propagation step as a discrete reaction is that information on the evolution of the molecular weight distribution is obtained directly without the need to make perhaps unjustified assumptions such as the steady-state approximation. For illustrative purposes, the method has been applied in the kinetic simulation of 'quasi-living' radical polymerization to assess the effect of experimental variables on the molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and rate of polymerization. The calculations show that 'quasi-living' radical polymerization can produce polymers with polydispersities approaching those obtained with anionic 'living' polymerizations. Some necessary conditions for the formation of polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution are defined.
Liquid Metal/Metal Oxide Frameworks (2014)

A new platform described as the liquid metal/metal oxide (LM/MO) framework is introduced. The constituent spherical structures of these frameworks are made of micro‐ to nanosized liquid metal spheres and nanosized metal oxides, combining the advantages of both materials. It is shown that the diameters of the spheres and the stoichiometry of the structures can be actively controlled. Additionally, the liquid suspension of these spheres demonstrates tuneable plasmon resonances. These spherical structures are assembled to form LM/MO frameworks which are capable of demonstrating high sensitivity towards low concentrations of heavy metal ions, and enhanced solar light driven photocalalytic activities. These demonstrations imply that the LM/MO frameworks are a suitable candidate for the development of future high performance electronic and optical devices.
Modeling of NBTI degradation and its impact on electric field dependence of the lifetime (2004)

Negative Bias Temperature Instability of p-MOSFETs is investigated under various stress gate voltages and temperatures. It is shown that degradation tends to saturate and the dependence of lifetime on electric field (Eox) is expressed as a power-law of Eox. We propose new empirical and kinetic models. The Eox dependence of the lifetime described by the power-law is derived from our empirical model describing the saturation of degradation. Moreover, our kinetic model explains the saturation behavior.
The Viscosity-Molecular Weight Relation for Natural Rubber<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Viscosity-Molecular Weight Relation for Natural Rubber1Walter C. Carter, Robert L. Scott, and Michael MagatCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 8, 1480–1483Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1946https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01212a028Request reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (416 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Warning and Intervention System to Prevent Road-Departure Accidents (1996)

SUMMARY A driver assistance system is described which provides an automatic road-departure warning and intervention function. The system is intended for drivers who are drifting off the roadway at a shallow angle of departure due to inattention, drowsiness, intoxication, or other causes. An integrated set of model-based estimation algorithms serves to anticipate imminent road departures. Interventions are achieved using differential braking -- the application of unequal brake torques at the right and left wheels. The driver remains in the loop, always able to provide the primary steering commands. A driver state assessment module is being developed to further adapt to individual driven and to identify changes in driver behavior. We describe the algorithms, present simulation results, and include preliminary experimental data from a prototype vehicle.
Hidden-Markov-model-based voice activity detector with high speech detection rate for speech enhancement (2012)

A new voice activity detection (VAD) algorithm with soft decision output in Mel-frequency domain is developed based on hidden Markov model (HMM) and is incorporated in an HMM-based speech enhancement system. The proposed VAD uses a two-state ergodic HMM representing speech presence and speech absence. The states are constructed from noisy speech and noise HMMs used in the speech enhancement system. This composite model provides a robust detection of speech segments in the presence of noise and obviates the need for extra modeling in HMM-based speech enhancement applications. As the main purpose of the proposed VAD is to detect speech segments accurately, a hang-over mechanism is proposed and is applied on the output of the VAD to improve the speech detection rate. The VAD is integrated in the HMM-based speech enhancement system in Mel-frequency spectral (MFS) and cepstral (MFC) domains. The performance of the proposed VAD, the effectiveness of the hang-over mechanism and the performance of the VAD-integrated speech enhancement system are evaluated on four noise types at different SNR levels. The experimental results confirm the superiority of the proposed VAD compared to the reference methods particularly for speech detection rate at the dominant noisy conditions.
Toxicity of Non-Nucleoside Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (2003)

The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV), and delaviridine (DLV) are increasingly being used to treat HIV infection. Studies have shown excellent tolerance and efficacy and less development of virological resistance with HIV regimens that include NNRTIs. Nevertheless, abnormalities in liver enzymes are common in patients with HIV infection, and there are multiple etiologies for these abnormalities, including drug toxicity, viral hepatitis, opportunistic infections, and substance abuse. In particular, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can result in hepatotoxicity through a variety of mechanisms, such as mitochondrial toxicity, lipodystrophy syndrome, and steatohepatitis. The NNRTIs have been most frequently implicated in hypersensitivity reactions. NVP-containing HAART regimens may be more hepatotoxic than are those with EFV and DLV, at least for the first 6 weeks, although the data are still contradictory. Coinfection with hepatitis C and B viruses appears to significantly increase the risk of toxicity, and therefore all patients should be screened for viral hepatitis prior to commencing HAART. Close monitoring of transaminases is suggested in all patients commencing HAART, especially those with preexisting liver disease and coinfection with viral hepatitis.
Comparison of feline leukemia virus-infected and normal cat T-cell lines in interleukin 2-conditioned medium. (1984)

Following mitogen stimulation (phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A), feline lymphocytes were maintained in medium containing feline interleukin 2. Lymphocyte lines derived from the blood of feline leukemia virus-infected cats contained cells 50 to 90% of which expressed virus antigens, but lymphocyte lines derived from uninfected cats remained virus free. Leukemia virus-positive and -negative lymphocyte lines retained total dependence upon the presence of interleukin 2 for finite life spans of 20 to 40 cell divisions. Cell-doubling times and surface properties (membrane immunoglobulin negative, guinea pig red cell rosette positive) of all T-cell lines were similar. All cat lymphocyte lines rapidly developed strong but nonspecific cytotoxic effects against a variety of established cat target lines, including normal and leukemia virus-infected fibroblasts and virus-producing lymphomas. Attempts to infect virus-negative lymphocytes with leukemia virus in vitro produced lines containing 1 to 4% of infected cells; subsequently, this level of infection remained constant. Within observation limits, the characteristics of feline leukemia virus-infected and normal cat T-cells were similar. Leukemia virus infection did not predispose target lymphocytes to exhibit properties in vitro that might be associated with preneoplastic change, such as rapid or infinite cell division or development of independence from interleukin 2 regulation.
RANTES Binding and Down-Regulation by a Novel Human Herpesvirus-6 β Chemokine Receptor (2000)

The human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) U51 gene defines a new family of betaherpesvirus-specific genes encoding multiple transmembrane glycoproteins with similarity to G protein-coupled receptors, in particular, human chemokine receptors. These are distinct from the HHV-6 U12 and HCMV US28 family. In vitro transcription and translation as well as transient cellular expression of U51 showed properties of a multiple transmembrane protein with a 30-kDa monomer as well as high m.w. aggregates or oligomers. Transient cellularly expressed U51 also appeared to form dimeric intermediates. Despite having only limited sequence similarity to chemokine receptors, U51 stably expressed in cell lines showed specific binding of the CC chemokine RANTES and competitive binding with other beta chemokines, such as eotaxin; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, 3, and 4; as well as the HHV-8 chemokine vMIPII. In epithelial cells already secreting RANTES, U51 expression resulted in specific transcriptional down-regulation. This correlated with reduced secretion of RANTES protein into the culture supernatants. Regulation of RANTES levels may alter selective recruitment of circulating inflammatory cells that the virus can infect and thus could mediate the systemic spread of the virus from initial sites of infection in epithelia. Alternatively, chemokine regulation could modulate a protective inflammatory response to aid the spread of virus by immune evasion. Such mimicry, by viral proteins, of host receptors leading to down-regulation of chemokine expression is a novel immunomodulatory mechanism.
Planungsverfahren (1980)

Die Marginalanalyse stellt bei der Lösung eines Problems auf Änderungsraten des Er folges (Gewinn, Kosten, Umsatz) bei einer Niveauänderung der Entscheidungsalternativen — Variablen — ab, während die Totalanalyse Gesamterfolgsgrößen vollständig formulierter Entscheidungsalternativen miteinander vergleicht, um die optimale Lösung zu finden. Formen der Marginalanalyse sind die Differentialrechnung sowie die Lineare Programmierung, während die Totalanalyse von einem Verfahrensvergleich sowie der dynamischen Programmierung ausgehen kann.
Rapid metal tooling (1995)

The materials which can currently be processed using commercially available rapid prototyping techniques have limited mechanical characteristics. Describes research into two processes which offer metal part capabilities, namely selective laser sintering and laser generating. Pays particular attention to the selection of suitable materials. Discusses the application of these techniques to the manufacture of metal tools.
IO and data management for infrastructure as a service FPGA accelerators (2017)

We describe the design of a non-operating-system based embedded system to automate the management, reordering, and movement of data produced by FPGA accelerators within data centre environments. In upcoming cloud computing environments, where FPGA acceleration may be leveraged via Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), end users will no longer have full access to the underlying hardware resources. We envision a partially reconfigurable FPGA region that end-users can access for their custom acceleration needs, and a static “template” region offered by the data centre to manage all Input/Output (IO) data requirements to the FPGA. Thus our low-level software controlled system allows for standard DDR access to off-chip memory, as well as DMA movement of data to and from SATA based SSDs, and access to Ethernet stream links. Two use cases of FPGA accelerators are presented as experimental examples to demonstrate the area and performance costs of integrating our data-management system alongside such accelerators. Comparisons are also made to fully custom data management solutions implemented solely in RTL Verilog to determine the tradeoffs in using our system in regards to development time, area, and performance. We find that for a class of accelerators in which the physical data rate of an IO channel is the limiting bottleneck to accelerator throughput, our solution offers drastically reduced logic development time spent on data management without any associated performance losses in doing so. However, for a class of applications where the IO channel is not the bottle-neck, our solution trades off increased area usage to save on design times and to maintain acceptable system throughput in the face of degraded IO throughput.
Detailed Optimization of Polycondensation Reaction via Direct C–H Arylation of Ethylenedioxythiophene (2012)

The polycondensation reaction of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene with 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dioctylfluorene via Pd-catalyzed direct arylation gives poly[(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,5-diyl)-(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)]. The reaction conditions are optimized in terms of the Pd precatalysts, reaction time, and carboxylic acid additives. The combination of 1 mol% Pd(OAc)(2) and 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid as an additive is the optimized catalytic system, and it yields the corresponding polymer with a molecular weight of 39,400 in 89% yield. The polycondensation reaction, followed by an end-capping reaction, effectively provides a linear polymer without Br terminals.
A game theory approach for the reallocation of security forces against terrorist diversionary attacks (2009)

Terrorists tend to coordinate multiple raids which, combined with diversionary attacks are designed to divert the attention of the security forces, causing them to take a longer time to respond. This in turn enables the terrorists to cause more casualties at their primary target. It is important to efficiently reallocate the available security forces to meet these terrorist attacks, especially when the available resources are limited. In this paper we proposed two game theory-based models for the reallocation of security forces for the purpose of countering both primary and diversionary attacks in an urban environment. The first model is used each target and the “attack on hidden-object game” in which one analyzes the interaction behavior between the security force commander and the terrorists within a zero-sum game. The probability of a primary attack to this target is derived from the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium. The second model uses all these probabilities to compute the Shapley value for each target, in terms of the majority of all probabilities for primary attacks. The Shapley values are then used to create a reallocated set of the limited security forces. Experimental results show the approach proposed in this study is more efficient than the traditional method for dealing with ever more likely gunshot events.
Study of raman amplification properties in triangular photonic crystal fibers (2003)

The Raman properties of triangular photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are analyzed in order to design a fiber for Raman amplification with enhanced performances. By casting the Raman intensity propagation equations, the Raman effective area and the Raman gain coefficient are introduced - two meaningful parameters that take into account the overlap between the pump and signal profiles. The behavior of these two parameters is examined in silica PCFs as a function of the geometrical characteristics of the triangular lattice. The numerical results show that a proper design of the hole diameter and the spacing between air holes can minimize the Raman effective area and maximize the Raman gain coefficient. The paper then focuses on PCFs with a germania-doped core. It is found that, for a given PCF cross section and dimension of the doped region, the Raman gain coefficient increases linearly with germania concentration. Moreover, by enlarging the doped region, it is discovered that a PCF with a germania-doped area internally tangent to the first ring of air holes has a maximum Raman gain coefficient. Finally, the calculated values of the Raman gain coefficient are compared with those of other highly nonlinear fibers presented in the literature, showing that a well-designed triangular PCF can significantly improve Raman gain performance.
The Plurality of Bayesian Measures of Confirmation and the Problem of Measure Sensitivity (1999)

Contemporary Bayesian confirmation theorists measure degree of (incremental) confirmation using a variety of non-equivalent relevance measures. As a result, a great many of the arguments surrounding quantitative Bayesian confirmation theory are implicitly sensitive to choice of measure of confirmation. Such arguments are enthymematic , since they tacitly presuppose that certain relevance measures should be used (for various purposes) rather than other relevance measures that have been proposed and defended in the philosophical literature. I present a survey of this pervasive class of Bayesian confirmation-theoretic enthymemes, and a brief analysis of some recent attempts to resolve the problem of measure sensitivity.
[Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation]. (2012)

Aortic valve stenosis is associated with severe morbidity and death within several years of symptom onset, and its accepted treatment is surgical aortic valve replacement. However, many affected patients are not referred for surgery because of old age and significant comorbidities. In recent years, an alternative treatment approach has been developed, transcatheter aortic-valve implantation. In this review we would like to describe this treatment modality and to present several cases performed in our center.
Inorganic–Polymer Composite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2006)

Composite membranes consisting primarily of a polymer and an inorganic proton conducting particle or a proton conducting polymer containing inorganic particles for use as proton exchange membranes in low and intermediate temperature fuel cells are reviewed. The chemistry of major inorganic additives that have been used is described in terms of their structure and intrinsic ability to conduct protons. Composites are classified in terms of four main classes: inorganic proton conductors suspended in inert polymers; inorganic particles added to extend polymeric ionomers; inorganic proton conductors blended with polymeric ionomers; and polymer acid complexes between basic polymers and acidic inorganic particles.
A Novel Non-Volatile Memory Cell Using a Gated-Diode Structure with a Trapping-Nitride Storage Layer (2006)

A novel trapping-nitride-based non-volatile memory cell by using a gated-diode structure is proposed. Fowler-Nordheim (FN) electron injection and band-to-band-tunneling induced hot-hole (BTBT HH) injection are utilized as the erase and program methods, respectively. BTBT current modulated by the trapped charges is the sensing signal to distinguish the cell's bit state. This cell structure overcomes the channel-length related drawbacks in convention field-effect-transistor (FET)-based cells. Furthermore, its array architecture and bias methods can relieve the complex word-line (WL) bias schemes and program-inhibit techniques used in NAND-type arrays. Good program/erase characteristics and reliability are also presented