gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common pathways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer (2013)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is marked by a very disappointing survival rate and still represents a clinical dilemma. According to the current pathogenic hypothesis, chronic damage of the alveolar epithelium is followed by abnormal tissue repair and impairment of the alveolar structure. This process is driven by pathogenic events very similar to cancer, including epigenetic and genetic changes, altered response to regulatory signals, abnormal expression of microRNAs and activation of specific signalling pathways. IPF also resembles cancer with regard to its poor response to medical treatment and prognosis, which is very often worse than many cancers. We have hypothesised that IPF might be assimilated to a neoproliferative disorder of the lung. Viewing IPF as a cancer-like disease may satisfy the need for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF by exploiting the large amount of knowledge that cancer biology evokes. The recognition of common pathogenic pathways between the two diseases may stimulate new clinical trials with cancer drugs, different drug combinations and different lines of drugs, as already experimented in oncology. Moreover, the concept of IPF as a cancer-like disorder may improve the attention given to this dreadful disease on a public, political and healthcare level.
Long non-coding RNAs as novel targets for therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (2016)

The recognition of functional roles for transcribed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has provided a new dimension to our understanding of cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. LncRNAs are a large group of structurally complex RNA genes that can interact with DNA, RNA, or protein molecules to modulate gene expression and to exert cellular effects through diverse mechanisms. The emerging knowledge regarding their functional roles and their aberrant expression in disease states emphasizes the potential for lncRNA to serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this concise review, we outline the mechanisms of action of lncRNAs, their functional cellular roles, and their involvement in disease. Using liver cancer as an example, we provide an overview of the emerging opportunities and potential approaches to target lncRNA-dependent mechanisms for therapeutic purposes.
4-methyl-5-amino-1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone, a second-generation antineoplastic agent of the alpha-(N)-heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone series. (1977)

4-Methyl-5-amino-1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone (MAIQ-1) was studied to determine its potential for clinical trail as a second-generation antineoplastic agent of the alpha-(N)-heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone class. MAIQ-1 was shown to be among the most potent known inhibitors of the major target for the expression of antineoplastic activity by this class of agents, the enzyme ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, requiring only 0.06 micronM for 50% inhibition. This potency at the enzymatic level was consistent with its antineoplastic activity against the murine neoplasms Sarcoma 180, Leukemia L1210, Leukemia P388, and the B16 melanoma. The acetylation of the 5-amino group of the model substrate 5-amino-1,4-dimethylisoquinoline was lower than that of 5-amino-1-methylisoquinoline when incubated with acetyl-coenzyme A and rat liver homogenate. This finding suggests that the presence of the 4-methyl function offers steric hinderance to enzymatic substitution of the adjacent 5-amino group. In vivo metabolism of MAIQ-1 in mice, studied with [3'-14C]MAIQ-1 showed that relatively slow excretion of this agent occurred, since the cumulative urinary excretion of radioactivity was only 35% in 48 HR. About 51% of excreted urinary radioactivity was present in chromatograms in an area corresponding to the iron chelate of MAIQ-1, and only a minor quantity of material migrating like acetylated MAIQ-1 was present in urine, a finding consistent with enzymatic data with liver homogenates. The results indicate that MAIQ-1 has the antineoplastic activity, enzyme inhibitory potency, and relative resistance to metabolic inactivation required of an agent of this class for clinical trials.
A Novel Nonobstructive Intravascular MRI Coil (2003)

The new nonobstructive design for this intravascular coil provides great promise for additional work in high-resolution MRI characterization of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. The ability to position the probe with a guidewire allows its placement under fluoroscopic or MRI guidance, whereas its size is compatible with human coronary arteries.
Mitochondriopathy of Peripheral Arterial Disease (2007)

The signs and symptoms of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD), including claudication, rest pain, and tissue loss, are consequences of compromised bioenergetics and oxidative tissue injury within the affected lower extremities. Compromised bioenergetics is the result of a combination of low blood flow through diseased arteries and diminished adenosine triphosphate production by dysfunctional mitochondria. The tissue injury appears to be secondary to increased production of reactive oxygen species by dysfunctional mitochondria and by inflammation, in association with ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion. In this review, we present the current histomorphologic, physiologic, and biochemical evidence defining the nature of this mitochondriopathy and discuss its contribution to the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of PAD.
Unified Transport Layer Support for Data Striping and Host Mobility (2004)

Data striping across multiple network interfaces and its applications to mobile environments was recently investigated (Phatak and Goff, 2002). Therein, a network-layer Internet protocol (IP)-in-IP encapsulation mechanism was proposed to aggregate the bandwidth of multiple network paths by striping a single transport layer [transmission control protocol (TCP)] connection across them. The analysis and experimental results from that study demonstrated fundamental limitations to TCPs performance in such scenarios. In this paper, we therefore propose a method of overcoming these limitations by striping data at the transport layer. For a proof-of-concept demonstration we use a substantially enhanced version of the stream control transmission protocol (SCTP). Our analytical results and experimental data illustrate that there are significant advantages to using a transport protocol with native support for the simultaneous use of multiple network interfaces, as opposed to stretching TCP to a point where it is no longer effective. This work naturally leads to another fundamental issue of end-to-end support for host mobility at the transport layer. Our analysis and results demonstrate that transport layer support for multiple network (IP) interfaces, together with the capability to dynamically add or delete IP addresses can yield the following advantages: higher bandwidth, load balancing, and increased fairness, enhanced reliability, and end-to-end support for host mobility. This is independent of the underlying network-layer and, hence, is applicable to static/wired, as well as wireless/ad hoc environments. The proposed protocol offers a unified solution to both data striping across multiple networks interfaces, as well as end-to-end mobility support.
Rate compatible product codes (2002)

High rate product codes with large block lengths have been shown to achieve a BER of 10/sup -5/ within 0.27 dB of Shannon's channel capacity over an AWGN channel with iterative decoding algorithms. We propose a simple construction of rate compatible low rate codes from relatively high rate product codes. The resulting codes of rates 0.72, 0.63, and 0.57 outperform turbo codes of the same rate and comparable complexity at a BER >10/sup -4/ for a block length of 676 bits. A family of rate compatible product codes is then applied to an adaptive ARQ scheme and achieves a throughput larger than the computational cutoff rate for SNR <5.5 dB.
A state-space approach to SLA based management (2008)

Large complex systems (such as Enterprise systems) are often composed of several interacting, independent components. In many such systems, although the behavior of the constituent components is well characterized, the behavior that results from interaction between such components is more or less intractable; making it hard for the administrators to efficiently manage the system in conformance with the service level agreements or the SLAs. This paper presents an approach for deriving component-level objectives from system-level objectives or agreements, which if conformed to, imply conformance to the higher-level SLA. Our approach partitions the systempsilas state-space into homogeneous sub-spaces, creates micro-models for such subspaces, and then uses such micro-models to translate the higher-level objectives to component-level objectives. We have implemented a system, termed Pranaali, for evaluating our approach in realistic settings.
A case series of transplant recipients who despite immunosuppression developed inflammatory bowel disease. (1997)

1) New onset IBD can develop after solid organ transplantation, despite use of immunosuppressive therapy. 2) A full spectrum of IBD can be seen after transplantation. 3) Study of these patients could shed light on why immunosuppression is not uniformly effective for IBD and provide clues to the inflammatory determinants of IBD.
Putrescine biosynthesis in mammalian tissues (2004)

L-ornithine decarboxylase provides de novo putrescine biosynthesis in mammals. Alternative pathways to generate putrescine that involve ADC (L-arginine decarboxylase) occur in non-mammalian organisms. It has been suggested that an ADC-mediated pathway may generate putrescine via agmatine in mammalian tissues. Published evidence for a mammalian ADC is based on (i) assays using mitochondrial extracts showing production of 14CO2 from [1-14C]arginine and (ii) cloned cDNA sequences that have been claimed to represent ADC. We have reinvestigated this evidence and were unable to find any evidence supporting a mammalian ADC. Mitochondrial extracts prepared from freshly isolated rodent liver and kidney using a metrizamide/Percoll density gradient were assayed for ADC activity using L-[U-14C]-arginine in the presence or absence of arginine metabolic pathway inhibitors. Although 14CO2 was produced in substantial amounts, no labelled agmatine or putrescine was detected. [14C]Agmatine added to liver extracts was not degraded significantly indicating that any agmatine derived from a putative ADC activity was not lost due to further metabolism. Extensive searches of current genome databases using non-mammalian ADC sequences did not identify a viable candidate ADC gene. One of the putative mammalian ADC sequences appears to be derived from bacteria and the other lacks several residues that are essential for decarboxylase activity. These results indicate that 14CO2 release from [1-14C]arginine is not adequate evidence for a mammalian ADC. Although agmatine is a known constituent of mammalian cells, it can be transported from the diet. Therefore L-ornithine decarboxylase remains the only established route for de novo putrescine biosynthesis in mammals.
Three-Dimensional Mesoporous−Giantporous Inorganic/Organic Composite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (2007)

Hierarchically mesoporous−giantporous bioactive glass/poly ϵ-caprolactone composite scaffolds with good molding capabilities, mechanical properties, bioactivities, and biocompatibilities in vitro, which may find potential applications in tissue engineering and drug storage, were prepared using a combination of the sol–gel, polymer templating, and rapid prototyping techniques with a heat-controlled blowing system.
X-RAY (2004)

RAID storage arrays often possess gigabytes of RAM forcaching disk blocks. Currently, most RAID systems use LRUor LRU-like policies to manage these caches. Since these arraycaches do not recognize the presence of file system buffer caches,they redundantly retain many of the same blocks as those cachedby the file system, thereby wasting precious cache space. In thispaper, we introduce X-RAY, an exclusive RAID array cachingmechanism. X-RAY achieves a high degree of (but not perfect) exclusivitythrough gray-box methods: by observing which files havebeen accessed through updates to file system meta-data, X-RAYconstructs an approximate image of the contents of the file systemcache and uses that information to determine the exclusive set ofblocks that should be cached by the array. We use microbenchmarksto demonstrate that X-RAY's prediction of the file systembuffer cache contents is highly accurate, and trace-based simulationto show that X-RAY considerably outperforms LRU andperforms as well as other more invasive approaches. The mainstrength of the X-RAY approach is that it is easy to deploy - allperformance gains are achieved without changes to the SCSI protocolor the file system above.
Synthese eines Azathymidins und dessen Einbau in Oligonucleotide (1994)

Stabiler gegenüber einem enzymatischen Abbau sind Oligonucleotide, wenn sie das Thymidin‐Analogon 1 enthalten. Dabei werden ihre Bindungseigenschaften für komplementäre RNA nicht wesentlich verschlechtert, was 1 als Baustein für Antisense‐Oligonucleotide interessant macht. Ausgehend von D ‐Serin konnte 1 in einer 19stufigen Synthese hergestellt werden. magnified image
Fracture Control — Offshore Pipelines: New Strain-Based Fracture Mechanics Equations Including the Effects of Biaxial Loading, Mismatch, and Misalignment (2005)

In this paper a framework for a strain-based fracture mechanics crack driving force methodology for pipes with surface cracks, are presented. The model addresses the effects of crack depth, crack length, pipe diameter, wall thickness and yield to tensile ratio. Based on FE simulations, an equation to calculate the applied crack driving force, either through CTOD or J, has been derived. The equation is intended for use in cases where global plastic deformation occurs. A general approach to introduce the effects of biaxial loading, yield stress mismatch, and misalignment on the driving force, through definition of an effective wall thickness and an effective crack ligament height, is outlined. Models to quantify the effects of the different parameters are also derived. Finally, results are presented from comparison between 2D and 3D FE simulations and the predictions made by the proposed driving force equations.
Mammalian α-acetylgalactosaminidase. Occurrence, partial purification, and action on linkages in submaxillary mucins (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMammalian α-acetylgalactosaminidase. Occurrence, partial purification, and action on linkages in submaxillary mucinsBernard Weissmann and Dorotea F. HinrichsenCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 5, 2034–2043Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00833a038https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00833a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rearrangement and Cleavage of 2-Aryliodoniobenzoates. Trapping Agents for Benzyne<sup>1-3</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangement and Cleavage of 2-Aryliodoniobenzoates. Trapping Agents for Benzyne1-3F. Marshall Beringer and Samuel J. HuangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 2, 445–448Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01025a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01025a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views666Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The structures of toxic metabolites of Aspergillus candidus. II. The compound B (xanthoascin), a hepato- and cardio-toxic xanthocillin analog. (1976)

The structure of the compound B (xanthoascin) was proved to be 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2, 2-dimethyl-6-chromanyl)-2, 3-diisocyano-1, 3-butadiene (3) by chemical and physical methods.
Synthesis and characterization of Zr- and Hf-doped nano-TiO <sub>2</sub> as internal standards for analytical quantification of nanomaterials in complex matrices (2018)

The reliable quantification of nanomaterials (NMs) in complex matrices such as food, cosmetics and biological and environmental compartments can be challenging due to interactions with matrix components and analytical equipment (vials and tubing). The resulting losses along the analytical process (sampling, extraction, clean-up, separation and detection) hamper the quantification of the target NMs in these matrices as well as the compatibility of results and meaningful interpretations in safety assessments. These issues can be overcome by the addition of known amounts of internal/recovery standards to the sample prior to analysis. These standards need to replicate the behaviour of target analytes in the analytical process, which is mainly defined by the surface properties. Moreover, they need to carry a tag that can be quantified independently of the target analyte. As inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is used for the identification and quantification of NMs, doping with isotopes, target analytes or with chemically related rare elements is a promising approach. We present the synthesis of a library of TiO 2 NMs doped with hafnium (Hf) and zirconium (Zr) (both low in environmental abundance). Zirconia NMs doped with Hf were also synthesized to complement the library. NMs were synthesized with morphological and size properties similar to commercially available TiO 2 . Characterization included: transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller total specific surface area analysis, cryofixation scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and UV–visible spectrometry. The Ti : Hf and Ti : Zr ratios were verified and calculated using Rietveld refinement. The labelled NMs can serve as internal standards to track the extraction efficiency from complex matrices, and increase method robustness and traceability of characterization/quantification.
Clinical evaluation of total-body hyperthermia combined with anticancer chemotherapy for far-advanced miscellaneous cancer in Japan (1987)

One hundred sixty-eight patients with miscellaneous far-advanced cancer received a total of 444 extracorporeally induced total-body hyperthermia (TBHT) treatments in seven Japanese hospitals. Overall, a regression of malignancy was observed in 39 of 132 evaluable patients (29.5%) and the most favorable results were obtained for patients with lung cancer. Irrespective of whether the tumors were primary or secondary lesions or recurrences, favorable results were obtained in patients whose tumors were in the lung, liver, lymph nodes, and soft tissue. No relationship was found between an objective response to TBHT and histologic types of the tumors. There was no clear relationship between an objective tumor response and the nature of the simultaneous chemotherapy during hyperthermia. Antitumor effects were not evaluable in 36 patients (21.4%). Of these 36 patients, 33 died before evaluation could be made; 24 died of various complications and 9 died of cachexia without complication. The mortality increased in proportion to the reduction of the performance status of patients before TBHT. These results indicate that TBHT should be used as therapy for patients whose tumors are in the lung, liver, lymph node, and soft tissue and then only on patients in generally good condition.
Über die Möglichkeit einer Vorprüfung von Wildverbißschutzmitteln an Kaninchen (1952)

1. Zur Vorprufung von Wildverbisschutzmitteln im Obstbau werden die Erfahrungen mit der Kaninchenrasse „Weise Wiener mitgeteilt.
2. Bei wiederholter Vorlage von Zweigstucken von Schlehe besteht die Moglichkeit, die schlechten und unregelmasigen Nager auszuscheiden. Bei der Rasse „ Weise Wiener sind 2/3 der Tiere regelmasige Nager.
3. Die Nagekraft der Kaninchen (Rasse „Weise Wiener) schwankt im Laufe des Jahres. Sie last zu gewissen Zeiten (Juni) nach, wahrend sie im Fruhjahr und Herbst am besten zu sein scheint.
4. In frischem Zustande gereichte Zweige von Obst-, Forst- und Ziergeholzen sind von den Versuchstie. ren nahezu gleich stark angenommen worden.
5. Durch riechende und bitter schmeckende Mittel war auch in Verbindung mit Kalkmilch und Lehmbrei eine zufriedenstellende Ablehnung der damit behandelten Zweigstucke (Schlehe) nicht zu erreichen. Eine vorubergehende zufriedenstellende Frasveratzung bei Kaninchen wurde in Ubereinstimmung mit praktischen Erfahrungen ermittelt bei Behandlung von Zweigstucken mit Kalkmilch, Lehmbrei und Wildverbisteer.
A 2.5 Gb/s ATM switch chip set (1996)

The design and implementation of two application specific integrated circuits used to build an ATM switch are described. The chip set is composed of the CMC which is an input/output processor of ATM cells implemented on a BICMOS 0.7 /spl mu/m technology and the ICM, a 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS IC, that performs cell switching at 68 MHz. The ATM switch exploits parallelism and segmentation to perform 2.5 Gb/s switching per input/output. The main advantage of the high-speed link rates in the range of Gb/s, is the exploitation of statistical gain with bursty high peak rate sources. Another feature of the high speed ATM switches is that the number of interface devices and stages is reduced on an ATM network. To demonstrate the usefulness of the switch, an evaluation of the network efficiency improvement by using statistical gain is presented in the paper.