gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of transmission Si(Li) detectors (2003)

During the development of double-sided microstructured Si(Li) detectors thin Li-doped contacts with effective thicknesses below 10 /spl mu/m could be created. The effective thickness was determined by evaluating the measured energy loss of /spl alpha/-particles entering the detector through the Li-doped contact. Extensive examinations have been performed to find the correlation between the effective thicknesses determined with the help of /spl alpha/-particles and the thicknesses based on the measured distribution of the Li-ions in the Li-diffused layers. Pronounced discrepancies were found in the relation between the effective thicknesses and the thicknesses of the removed layer during the thinning process. In any case, the effective thickness was considerably smaller than the thickness estimated from the distribution of the Li-ions. The dependence of the effective thickness on the bias voltage and the temperature was studied. A possible explanation of the relatively small effective thicknesses based on the internal electric field inside the Li-doped layer caused by the concentration gradient is presented. The technique to create Li-doped layers with an effective thickness smaller than 5 /spl mu/m is described. In this way, the transmission Si(Li) detectors with the effective dead layers being smaller than 0.1% of their thickness can be realized (patent is filed).
Separation, phenotyping and limiting dilution analysis of T‐lymphocytes infiltrating human solid tumors (1986)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were obtained by a combination of mechanical release and enzymatic disaggregation from 35 human solid tumors. The number of lymphocytes in TIL-enriched suspensions varied from 1 X 10(4) to 7.6 X 10(6) per wet gram of tumor. The TIL preparations separated by differential centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients contained 10-95% of T11+ cells (mean 50%), and tumor cells accounted for the other major cellular component. Macrophages, NK cells, B cells and granulocytes were infrequently seen. Morphologically, TIL-T were small non-activated cells. They expressed the T11 and T3 antigens but not the receptor for IL-2 (IL-2R) or HLA-DR antigens as determined by double immunofluorescence staining. Rare T11+/IL-2R+ cells were recovered only from colon and lung carcinomas. The mean T4/T8 ratio in 12 TIL preparations was 1.1 +/- 0.8. Immunohistology with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) performed in 31/35 tumors confirmed that the T11+ cells infiltrating solid tumors rarely expressed the IL-2R and that the cell content of suspensions enriched in TIL was comparable to that determined in situ. The recovered TIL were cloned in a microculture system that permits proliferation of nearly all normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBL-T). Under these culture conditions, frequencies of the proliferating T lymphocyte precursors (PTL-P) were depressed in both the TIL preparations (less than 0.01 to 0.39) and patients' PBL-T (0.05 to 0.5). These low frequencies of PTL-P were seen in patients with all tumor types, both primary and metastatic.
Is pindolol augmentation effective in depressed patients resistant to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2015)

Pindolol augmentation may not be suitable for treatment-resistant depression patients with SSRI-resistant depression. However, once-daily high-dose pindolol (7.5 mg qd) appears to show a promising benefit in these patients.
AN INFLATABLE COVER FOR A CONCRETE MANURE STORAGE IN A SWINE FACILITY (1998)

Existing odor control methods for manure storage are high in cost. Economical and effective odor controlmethods for manure storages need to be studied and developed. This study demonstrated that an air supported inflatablemanure storage cover could be an economical and effective method for reducing odor emission into the atmosphere. Toconstruct this inflatable cover, a plastic tarp was tightened around the top perimeter of a concrete storage tank andinflated using a low pressure blower. The perimeter of the tarp was airtight. Odors were confined within the tank and theemission of odor into the atmosphere was minimized. Technical aspects, such as proper installation and sealing ofperimeters for the cover, were tested. Critical pressures (minimum operating pressures to keep the tarp inflated andsteady) versus wind speed were determined. No odor could be detected by humans on the leeward side of the storage. Thecost of the cover was $6,000 ($15/m2, $1.4/ft2). It was considerably less expensive than a solid steel or wood structurecover which was estimated to cost $20,000 ($48/m2, $4.45/ft2) for the same tank. It is expected that the cost per squaremeter could be less if the tarps are commercially fabricated for such applications.
Evidence for Globally Shared, Cross-Reacting Polymorphic Epitopes in the Pregnancy-Associated Malaria Vaccine Candidate VAR2CSA (2008)

Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) is characterized by the placental sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) with the ability to bind to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). VAR2CSA is a leading candidate for a pregnancy malaria vaccine, but its large size ( approximately 350 kDa) and extensive polymorphism may pose a challenge to vaccine development. In this study, rabbits were immunized with individual VAR2CSA Duffy binding-like (DBL) domains expressed in Pichia pastoris or var2csa plasmid DNA and sera were screened on different CSA-binding parasite lines. Rabbit antibodies to three recombinant proteins (DBL1, DBL3, and DBL6) and four plasmid DNAs (DBL1, DBL3, DBL5, and DBL6) reacted with homologous FCR3-CSA IEs. By comparison, antibodies to the DBL4 domain were unable to react with native VAR2CSA protein unless it was first partially proteolyzed with trypsin or chymotrypsin. To investigate the antigenic relationship of geographically diverse CSA-binding isolates, rabbit immune sera were screened on four heterologous CSA-binding lines from different continental origins. Antibodies did not target conserved epitopes exposed in all VAR2CSA alleles; however, antisera to several DBL domains cross-reacted on parasite isolates that had polymorphic loops in common with the homologous immunogen. This study demonstrates that VAR2CSA contains common polymorphic epitopes that are shared between geographically diverse CSA-binding lines.
<i>In vivo</i> antioxidant treatment protects against bleomycin‐induced lung damage in rats (2003)

1. This study examines the activity of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats with emphasis on the early inflammatory phase. 2. Rats receiving N-acetylcysteine (300 mg kg(-1) day(-1), intraperitoneal) had less augmented lung wet weight, and lower levels of proteins, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil and macrophage counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung myeloperoxidase activity with a betterment of histological score at 3 days postbleomycin. 3. A diminished lung GSH/GSSG ratio and augmented lipid hydroperoxides were observed 3 days postbleomycin. These changes were attenuated by N-acetylcysteine. Alveolar macrophages from bleomycin-exposed rats released augmented amounts of superoxide anion and nitric oxide. N-Acetylcysteine did not modify superoxide anion generation but reduced the increased production of nitric oxide. 4. N-Acetylcysteine suppressed the bleomycin-induced increased activation of lung NF-kappaB (shift assay and immunohistochemistry), and decreased the augmented levels of the early inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-beta, interleukin-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 1 and 3 days postbleomycin exposure. 5. At 15 days postbleomycin, N-acetylcysteine decreased collagen deposition in bleomycin-exposed rats (hydroxyproline content: 6351+/-669 and 4626+/-288 micro g per lung in drug vehicle- and N-acetylcysteine-treated rats, respectively; P<0.05). Semiquantitative histological assessment at this stage showed less collagen deposition in N-acetylcysteine-treated rats compared to those receiving bleomycin alone. 6. These results indicate that N-acetylcysteine reduces the primary inflammatory events, thus preventing cellular damage and the subsequent development of pulmonary fibrosis in the bleomycin rat model.
A Domain Specific Expert System Model for Diagnostic Consultation in Psychiatry (2011)

Medical Experts Systems have been one of the earliest and ongoing pursuits of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community. Unfortunately, they still remain a largely unrealized goal. The systems that have been developed are either prototypes, or involve only small knowledge domains. One of the main reasons for this situation is explained as the lack of domain specific models. While it is true that there are significant differences in the nature of the clinical knowledge and the diagnostic strategies used by expert clinicians across different medical subspecialties, this fact has been largely overlooked. In addition, Knowledge engineers who are not the domain experts have failed to capture the uniqueness, depth and the complexity of clinical reasoning. This has resulted in expert system models that are too generic and non-intuitive to clinicians. Psychiatry is characterized by its highly subjective and vague knowledge and reasoning process. Therefore generic models, which have not taken this into consideration, are particularly unsuitable for psychiatry. The authors have introduced an expert system model specific for psychiatry, in which diagnostic knowledge is described as a hierarchically organized set of entities through which diagnostic inference is made via a bottom-up approach. The relationships between the entities in diagnostic knowledge are described in terms of likelihoods and the degrees of severity using approximated mathematical functions. While this model highlights the need for domain specific models, it also gives insight to the implementation of similar approaches in other medical subspecialties. It is the intention that this model will be implemented as a web-based diagnostic consultation system.
The RObust Header Compression (ROHC) Framework (2007)

Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Squid Pax-6 and eye development (1997)

Pax-6 in vertebrates and its homolog eyeless in Drosophila are known to be essential for eye development. Here we investigate the role of Pax-6 in eye development in another major systematic group, molluscs. We demonstrate that alternatively spliced RNAs derived from a single Pax-6 gene in the squid (Loligo opalescens) are expressed in the embryonic eye, olfactory organ, brain, and arms. Despite significant sequence differences between squid Pax-6 and Drosophila eyeless in the region outside the paired- and homeodomains, squid Pax-6 is able to induce the formation of ectopic eyes in Drosophila. Our results support the idea that Pax-6 related genes are necessary for eye and olfactory system formation throughout the animal kingdom.
Verification of classical certificates via nested certificates and nested certificate paths (2003)

Nested certificates are used to certify their subject certificates. In this way, the subject certificates can be verified via their nested certificates without using signature verification methods based on public key cryptosystems. Such a verification method is called subject certificate verification. In this paper, a subject certificate verification method will be introduced. It will be shown that subject certificate verification has the same confidence as the cryptographic certificate verification. Moreover, subject certificate verification is faster than cryptographic certificate verification. It will also be shown that a classical certificate can be verified via a sequence of nested certificates-called nested certificate path-and such verification has the same confidence as the cryptographic verification of the same certificate. Nested certificate path verification is faster than the classical certificate path verification also. Moreover in this paper, simulation results will be presented for efficiency improvement in the nested certificate path verification method over the cryptographic classical certificate path verification method.
Failure of a Constrained Acetabular Prosthesis of a Total Hip Arthroplasty. A Report of Four Cases* (1998)

KAPER, BERTRAND P. M.D.†; BERNINI, PHILIP M. M.D.†, LEBANON, NEW HAMPSHIRE Author Information
Light-scattering spectroscopy differentiates fetal from adult nucleated red blood cells: may lead to noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (2009)

Present techniques for prenatal diagnosis are invasive and present significant risks of fetal loss. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis utilizing fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBC) circulating in maternal peripheral blood has received attention, since it poses no risk to the fetus. However, because of the failure to find broadly applicable identifiers that can differentiate fetal from adult NRBC, reliable detection of viable fNRBC in amounts sufficient for clinical use remains a challenge. In this Letter we show that fNRBC light-scattering spectroscopic signatures may lead to a clinically useful method of minimally invasive prenatal genetic testing.
Gait Modeling for Human Identification (2007)

Human gait is a kind of dynamic biometrical feature which is complex and difficult to imitate, it is unique and more secure than static features such as password, fingerprint and facial feature. Analyzing people walking patterns, their "step-prints", can lead to the recognition of personal identity. In this paper, we propose to design, build, calibrate, analyze, and use wearable intelligent shoes; then focus on classifying the wearers into authorized ones and unauthorized ones by modeling their individual gait performance. Firstly the intelligent shoes for collecting and modeling human gait to measure an unprecedented number of parameters relevant to gait are presented. Then we introduce cascade neural networks with node-decoupled extended Kalman filtering (CNN-NDEKF) from the paper by Nechyba and Xu (1997) to apply for modeling and classifier generation. Finally, the experimental results of learning algorithms and comparison are described and verify that the proposed method is valid and useful for human identification.
The Tölz Temporal Topography Study: Mapping the visual field across the life span. Part I: The topography of light detection and temporal-information processing (2012)

Temporal performance parameters vary across the visual field. Their topographical distributions relative to each other and relative to basic visual performance measures and their relative change over the life span are unknown. Our goal was to characterize the topography and age-related change of temporal performance. We acquired visual field maps in 95 healthy participants (age: 10-90 years): perimetric thresholds, double-pulse resolution (DPR), reaction times (RTs), and letter contrast thresholds. DPR and perimetric thresholds increased with eccentricity and age; the periphery showed a more pronounced age-related increase than the center. RT increased only slightly and uniformly with eccentricity. It remained almost constant up to the age of 60, a marked change occurring only above 80. Overall, age was a poor predictor of functionality. Performance decline could be explained only in part by the aging of the retina and optic media. In Part II, we therefore examine higher visual and cognitive functions.
The IL1 receptor accessory protein is responsible for the recruitment of the interleukin‐1 receptor associated kinase to the IL1/IL1 receptor I complex (1997)

Following interleukin-1 (IL1) stimulation, an IL1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK) is rapidly recruited to the receptor complex. However, it is not understood if IRAK is able to interact directly with the intracellular portion of the IL1-RI or if its recruitment is mediated by a different molecule. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have analysed possible protein-protein interactions between IRAK, IL1-RI and IL1-RAcP. We found that IRAK is able to interact with the equivalent cytoplasmic region of the IL1-RAcP but is unable to interact with the cytoplasmic region of the IL1-RI. Immunoprecipitation of the IL1-RAcP followed by Western blot analysis using anti-IRAK antibodies revealed that IRAK co-precipitated with the IL1-RAcP. We propose that, in non-stimulated cells, IRAK is bound to the IL1-RAcP and therefore, following IL1 stimulation, both molecules are recruited simultaneously to the ILI-RI complex.
A Loss of Function Mutation of Presenilin-2 Interferes with Amyloid β-Peptide Production and Notch Signaling (1999)

Presenilin-1 (PS1) facilitates gamma-secretase cleavage of the beta-amyloid precursor protein and the intramembraneous cleavage of Notch1. Although Alzheimer's disease-associated mutations in the homologous presenilin (PS2) gene elevate amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta42) production like PS1 mutations, here we demonstrate that a gene ablation of PS2 (unlike that of PS1) in mice does not result in a severe phenotype resembling that of Notch-ablated animals. To investigate the amyloidogenic function of PS2 more directly, we mutagenized a conserved aspartate at position 366 to alanine, because the corresponding residue of PS1 is known to be required for its amyloidogenic function. Cells expressing the PS2 D366A mutation exhibit significant deficits in proteolytic processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein indicating a defect in gamma-secretase activity. The reduced gamma-secretase activity results in the almost complete inhibition of Abeta and p3 production in cells stably expressing PS2 D366A, whereas cells overexpressing the wild-type PS2 cDNA produce robust levels of Abeta and p3. Using highly sensitive in vivo assays, we demonstrate that the PS2 D366A mutation not only blocks gamma-secretase activity but also inactivates PS2 activity in Notch signaling by inhibiting the proteolytic release of the cytoplasmic Notch1 domain. These data suggest that PS2 is functionally involved in Abeta production and Notch signaling by facilitating similar proteolytic cleavages.
Computer animation of knowledge-based human grasping (1991)

The synthesis of human hand motion and grasping of arbitrary shaped objects is a very complex problem. Therefore high-level control is needed to perform these actions. In order to satisfy the kinematic and physical constraints associated with the human hand and to reduce the enormous search space associated with the problem of grasping objects, a knowledge based approach is used. A three-phased scheme is presented which incorporates the role of the hand, the object, the environment and the animator. The implementation of a hand simulation system HANDS is discussed.
Permeabilization of <i>Picea</i><i>glauca</i> protoplasts to macromolecules (1989)

Chemical permeabilization (polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 3350) and electropermeabilization (electroporation) treatments were applied to white spruce protoplasts to determine their effectiveness for uptake of membrane impermeable macromolecules. The two techniques have been compared using the membrane impermeable fluorescent dye calcein (molecular weight 622). The effects of varying the polyethylene glycol concentration, or the capacitance and voltage, were tested. In both techniques, the viability of protoplasts decreased after treatment compared with the controls. However, electroporation (capacitance 25 μF; voltage 300 V, 750 V•cm −1 ) gave better-permeabilization results (55% protoplast viability with 96% of these being fluorescent protoplasts) than the best treatment with polyethylene glycol (20%) (30% protoplast viability with 15% being fluorescent protoplasts). An investigation was made with the dye fluorescein isothiocyanate dextrans at different average molecular weights: 4000, 70 000, and 150 000. The degree of internalization by electroporation of each of these molecules did not substantially differ, though they were all low compared with calcein, which is suggestive of a limitation in permeability. The protoplasts subjected to either polyethylene glycol or electroporation treatments gave rise to callus and proembryos.
Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of jojoba seed (1976)

Abstract Data are presented on the composition of jojoba seed harvested from randomly selected individual plants (175 in 1973, 139 in 1974) of the native population at Aguanga, CA. Except for seed yield per plant, which was 2.7 times higher in 1974, wax, protein, and hull content of the seed, as well as fatty acid and alcohol composition of the wax, were not very different in the 2 years. A significant (P<0.01) positive correlation was found between seed wt and wax content of the seed. Highly significant (P<0.01) correlations were found in pairs of fatty acids and alcohols except where fatty acid 20∶1 was included. Comparison of data from 22 plants of known identity for the 2 years also showed no significant change in wax content and composition of the seed. By contrast, correlations for seed wt, protein, hull percent, and yield per plant for the same period were all nonsignificant.
Highly specific SNP detection using 2D graphene electronics and DNA strand displacement (2016)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a gene sequence are markers for a variety of human diseases. Detection of SNPs with high specificity and sensitivity is essential for effective practical implementation of personalized medicine. Current DNA sequencing, including SNP detection, primarily uses enzyme-based methods or fluorophore-labeled assays that are time-consuming, need laboratory-scale settings, and are expensive. Previously reported electrical charge-based SNP detectors have insufficient specificity and accuracy, limiting their effectiveness. Here, we demonstrate the use of a DNA strand displacement-based probe on a graphene field effect transistor (FET) for high-specificity, single-nucleotide mismatch detection. The single mismatch was detected by measuring strand displacement-induced resistance (and hence current) change and Dirac point shift in a graphene FET. SNP detection in large double-helix DNA strands (e.g., 47 nt) minimize false-positive results. Our electrical sensor-based SNP detection technology, without labeling and without apparent cross-hybridization artifacts, would allow fast, sensitive, and portable SNP detection with single-nucleotide resolution. The technology will have a wide range of applications in digital and implantable biosensors and high-throughput DNA genotyping, with transformative implications for personalized medicine.
Performance of a WDM network based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (1989)

The use of stimulated Brillouin scattering as a tunable narrowband amplifier to demodulate, amplify, and select channels in a densely packed WDM (wave-division multiplexed) network is discussed. A 128-channel system configuration is tested with channel separation as small as 1.5 GHz and error rates below 10/sup -10/. Direct FSK (frequency-shift-keyed) modulation of AlGaAs lasers and direct detection receivers are used. The experimental margin and noise analysis indicate that a 1000-channel system can be constructed with only these same components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>