gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) of Poly(alkyl acrylates):  An Experimental Study (2006)

In a two-part investigation, an experimental study and a kinetic model analysis of the initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) of alkyl acrylate polymers are described. In this first part, an experimental study was performed to look at the effect of process parameters on iCVD polymerization. A homologous series of alkyl acrylates, from ethyl up to hexyl acrylate, were iCVD polymerized. The resulting polymers matched well spectroscopically with those from liquid-phase polymerization, demonstrating that stoichiometric polymers with no observable cross-linking can be achieved in a chemical vapor deposition environment. Deposition rate and molecular weight increased by a factor of over 300 and 60, respectively, when monomer saturated vapor pressure, Psat, was reduced from 42.6 to 0.584 Torr at equal gas pressures, PM. Over three times increase in deposition rate was observed for ethyl acrylate when substrate temperature was reduced from 29 to 17 °C. These trends are attributed to an increase in PM/Psat or, equivalently, monomer surface concentration in Henry's law limit at low PM/Psat. Evidence for adsorption-limited iCVD kinetics came from an apparent negative activation energy of −79.4 kJ/mol obtained experimentally that agreed well with a mathematically derived activation energy of −81.8 kJ/mol equal to twice the heat of desorption in the negative sense. Adsorption measurements found Henry's law limit to be valid and, when fitted to a BET equation, allowed the heat of desorption to be calculated. On the basis of this experimental study, process guidelines were made to define the appropriate parameter space for future iCVD polymerization, with PM/Psat in the range of 0.4−0.7 recommended as an optimal iCVD window.
IL-12-Independent LIGHT Signaling Enhances MHC Class II Disparate CD4+ T Cell Alloproliferation, IFN-γ Responses, and Intestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease (2005)

Inhibition of LIGHT (a cellular ligand for herpes virus entry mediator and lymphotoxin receptor)/herpes simplex virus entry mediator (HVEM) and LIGHT/lymphotoxin beta receptor (LT beta R) interactions decreases mortality in MHC class I and II disparate graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). The present studies assessed the effects of these interactions on the generation of CD4+ T cell alloresponses in MHC class II-disparate MLC and GVHD. An inhibitor protein of LIGHT and LT alpha beta2 (LT beta R-Ig) and an inhibitor protein of LIGHT (HVEM-Ig) caused similar decreases in alloresponses of control B6 or B6.129S1-IL12rb2(tm1Jm) (B6.IL12R-/-) spleen cells (SpC) in a MHC class II-disparate MLC. GVHD-induced wasting disease in MHC class II-disparate recipients of B6 CD4+ SpC who received either the LT beta R-Ig-encoding adenovirus (LT beta R-Ig Adv; 13.1 +/- 10.9%; n = 10; p = 0.0004) or the HVEM-Ig-encoding adenovirus (HVEM-Ig Adv; 16.4 +/- 9.9%; n = 13; p = 0.0008) was significantly reduced compared with that in recipients of a control adenovirus (30.4 +/- 8.8%; n = 13). Furthermore, gut GVHD histologic scores of recipients of B6 CD4+ SpC who received the LT beta R-Ig Adv (0.8 +/- 0.8; n = 5; p = 0.0007) or the HVEM-Ig Adv (1.4 +/- 0.5; n = 5; p = 0.008) were reduced compared with scores of recipients of a control adenovirus (2.5 +/- 0.75; n = 11). In the intestine, both LT beta R-Ig Adv and HVEM-Ig Adv decreased CD4+ T cells (0.35 +/- 0.4 x 10(6) (n = 6) vs 0.36 +/- 0.02 x 10(6) (n = 9); p = 0.03 and p = 0.007) compared with control adenovirus (0.86 +/- 0.42 x 10(6); n = 9). LIGHT is critical for optimal CD4+ T cell alloresponses in MHC class II-disparate MLC and GVHD.
Molecular SPECT Imaging: An Overview (2011)

Molecular imaging has witnessed a tremendous change over the last decade. Growing interest and emphasis are placed on this specialized technology represented by developing new scanners, pharmaceutical drugs, diagnostic agents, new therapeutic regimens, and ultimately, significant improvement of patient health care. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have their signature on paving the way to molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine. The former will be the topic of the current paper where the authors address the current position of the molecular SPECT imaging among other imaging techniques, describing strengths and weaknesses, differences between SPECT and PET, and focusing on different SPECT designs and detection systems. Radiopharmaceutical compounds of clinical as well-preclinical interest have also been reviewed. Moreover, the last section covers several application, of μSPECT imaging in many areas of disease detection and diagnosis.
A Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Men’s Compulsory Vault Performed at the 1992 Olympic Games (1996)

The 20 highest scored handspring with full-turn vaults performed during the 1992 Olympic Games were compared with those receiving the 20 lowest scores. Hypotheses were that the vaults receiving high scores would (a) demonstrate larger horizontal velocity at takeoff from the board and larger vertical velocity at takeoff from the horse and (b) demonstrate greater amplitude of postflight, higher center of gravity (CG) at the completion of the full twist, and superior landing performance than those receiving low scores. Two 16-mm Locam II DC cameras, each operating at a nominal frame rate of 100 Hz, recorded the vaults. It was concluded that the vaults receiving high scores demonstrated (a) larger horizontal velocity and translational kinetic energy at takeoff from the board, larger vertical velocity and translational kinetic energy at takeoff from the horse, and greater amplitude of postflight; (b) greater heights of CG from the beginning of the second-quarter twist to halfway through the third-quarter twist; and (c) superior landing performance than those receiving low scores.
A Primer on Metagenomics (2010)

Metagenomics is a discipline that enables the genomic study of uncultured microorganisms. Faster, cheaper sequencing technologies and the ability to sequence uncultured microbes sampled directly from their habitats are expanding and transforming our view of the microbial world. Distilling meaningful information from the millions of new genomic sequences presents a serious challenge to bioinformaticians. In cultured microbes, the genomic data come from a single clone, making sequence assembly and annotation tractable. In metagenomics, the data come from heterogeneous microbial communities, sometimes containing more than 10,000 species, with the sequence data being noisy and partial. From sampling, to assembly, to gene calling and function prediction, bioinformatics faces new demands in interpreting voluminous, noisy, and often partial sequence data. Although metagenomics is a relative newcomer to science, the past few years have seen an explosion in computational methods applied to metagenomic-based research. It is therefore not within the scope of this article to provide an exhaustive review. Rather, we provide here a concise yet comprehensive introduction to the current computational requirements presented by metagenomics, and review the recent progress made. We also note whether there is software that implements any of the methods presented here, and briefly review its utility. Nevertheless, it would be useful if readers of this article would avail themselves of the comment section provided by this journal, and relate their own experiences. Finally, the last section of this article provides a few representative studies illustrating different facets of recent scientific discoveries made using metagenomics.
A flux pump for NMR magnets (2003)

A flux pump coupled to a slightly dissipative NMR magnet enables the magnet to operate effectively in persistent mode. This paper presents: 1) design and operation concept of the flux pump; 2) parameters and performance results of a prototype flux pump; and 3) a plan to couple a full-scale flux pump to two NMR magnets, one comprised of low- and high-temperature (LTS/HTS) superconducting coils in which the HTS insert is dissipative and the other an all-LTS which can be artificially made resistive. Performance results of the prototype coupled, sequentially, to two Nb-Ti magnets show that agreement between analysis and experiment is excellent.
Treatment of hazardous substances in wastewater treatment plants (1989)

Abstract For many types of hazardous wastes, particularly those contained in high volume, low concentration wastewaters, biological treatment in existing facilities, perhaps in selected publicly owned treatment works (POTWs), may be a better alternative. The motivation for using existing biological facilities to treat hazardous wastes is very high since there is insufficient hazardous waste treatment capacity. This problem will become exacerbated in the future unless the current hazardous waste facility problems are resolved.
Transform-limited gain-switched DFB lasers pulses for long-haul soliton transmission (1992)

International audience
Structual Analysis of Neutral and Acidic Xylooligosaccharides from Hardwood Kraft Pulp, and Their Utilization by Intestinal Bacteria<i>in Vitro</i> (2009)

We established a method for producing two types of xylooligosaccharides by treating kraft pulp derived from hardwood such as eucalyptus with xylanase, analyzed the structure by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS, and conducted an in vitro study on utilization by intestinal bacteria. One type was a neutral xylooligosaccharide (XOS), a xylooligomer in the D.P. range of dimer to approximately 17-mer, containing approximately 12% xylobiose. The other was an acidic xylooligosaccharide (U-XOS), a xylooligomer in the D.P. range of dimer to approximately 17-mer, with a major side chain of 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid and other side chains of glucuronic acid and 2-O-galactopyranosyl-4-O-methyl-glucurono acid. The in vitro utilization study with intestinal bacteria showed that XOS was specifically utilized by Bifidobacterium, whereas U-XOS was utilized by only a few types of bacteria. In a fecal batch culture, both XOS and U-XOS selectively increased the population of Bifidobacterium. The present study proposes a new method for industrial production of XOS and U-XOS, and indicates the utility and functionality.
Architectures, coordination, and distance: Conway's law and beyond (1999)

Geographically distributed development teams face extraordinary communication and coordination problems. The authors' case study clearly demonstrates how common but unanticipated events can stretch project communication to the breaking point. Project schedules can fall apart, particularly during integration. Modular design is necessary, but not sufficient to avoid this fate.
Progress and Challenges in RNA Interference Therapy for Huntington Disease (2009)

Huntington disease is an incurable, dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by polyglutamine repeat expansion in the huntingtin protein. Reducing mutant huntingtin expression may offer a treatment for Huntington disease. RNA interference has emerged as a powerful method to silence dominant disease genes. As such, it is being developed as a prospective Huntington disease therapy. Here I discuss the current progress and important remaining challenges of RNA interference therapy for Huntington disease.
Overlooked Benefits of using Polyclonal Antibodies (2018)

The benefits of polyclonal antibodies as tools for assay-specific target discovery and detection are numerous. As the future of basic research, diagnostics and biomarker discovery is dependent on high-quality reproducible data, there is a need to understand the importance and benefits of these valuable tools. All antibody forms - polyclonal, hybridoma-based monoclonal and recombinant monoclonal - have pros and cons for development, validation and use. Yet, polyclonal antibodies are embroiled in a firestorm of controversy concerning data reproducibility. We address best practices for developing and using polyclonal antibodies, pitfalls to their use and how to avoid them, and benefits to the life science community. Eliminating their use risks overlooking the unique benefits of polyclonal antibodies as 'fit-for-purpose' life science tools.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a clinical review. (1999)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection that occurs in immunosuppressed populations, primarily patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. The classic presentation of nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, fever, bilateral interstitial infiltrates and hypoxemia does not always appear. Diagnostic methods of choice include sputum induction and bronchoalveolar lavage. The drug of choice for treatment and prophylaxis is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but alternatives are often needed because of adverse effects or, less commonly, treatment failure. Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy improves survival in moderate to severe cases. Complications such as pneumothorax and respiratory failure portend poorer survival. Prophylaxis dramatically lowers the risk of disease in susceptible populations. Although PCP has declined in incidence in the developed world as a result of prophylaxis and effective antiretroviral therapy, its diagnosis and treatment remain challenging.
The Use of Graphite/Epoxy Composite Structures in Space Applications (2025)

Graphite/epoxy composite materials are being used increasingly for numerous space applications. Engineers are interested in these materials because of their favorable mechanical characteristic of high strength/high stiffness to weight ratio and potential for zero or near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion. This paper presents an overview of graphite/epoxy composite use for space applications. The historical uses and environmental concerns of graphite/epoxy composites in the low earth orbit are reviewed. Detailed information on the design, fabrication and testing of struts for potential Space Station use is presented as an example of graphite/epoxy material usage for space applications.
Comparison of effects of a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor versus a 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptor agonist on in vivo neurogenesis at the rectal anastomosis in rats (2011)

It was recently reported that activation of enteric neural 5-HT(4) receptors (SR4) promotes reconstruction of enteric neural circuit injury in distal gut of guinea pigs and that this reconstruction involves neural stem cells. We aimed to explore a novel approach using a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which increases endogenous 5-HT, to repair enteric nerve fiber injury in the rat distal gut. Enteric nerve fiber injury was performed by rectal transection and subsequent end-to-end one-layer anastomosis. The SSRI fluvoxamine maleate (100 μmol/l) was applied locally at the anastomotic site to compare with the 5-HT(4) agonist mosapride citrate (100 μmol/l) (applied for patent) applied locally and orally. Unlike mosapride, fluvoxamine failed to promote the regeneration of the nerve fiber tract across the anastomosis. Furthermore, fluvoxamine did not generate anti-distal-less homeobox 2 (DLX2)- and anti-SR4-positive cells (neural stem cells) and/or anti-neurofilament (NF)-positive cells (neural cells) in newly formed granulation tissue at the anastomosis, whereas these cell types were observed in mosapride-treated preparations. In contrast to its effects in guinea pigs, mosapride generated 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive neural cells in ganglia sites 3 mm oral and anal from the anastomosis 2 wk after nerve fiber injury. All actions of mosapride were observed after local and or oral applications. These findings indicate that local SSRI treatment does not induce in vivo nerve fiber tract growth across the anastomosis in the rat distal gut. Mosapride induces nerve fiber tract growth across the anastomosis, mediated through enteric neural stem cells possibly from neural crest-derived stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow.
IRSTLM: an open source toolkit for handling large scale language models (2008)

Research in speech recognition and machine translation is boosting the use of large scale n-gram language models. We present an open source toolkit that permits to efficiently handle language models with billions of n-grams on conventional machines. The IRSTLM toolkit supports distribution of ngram collection and smoothing over a computer cluster, language model compression through probability quantization, lazy-loading of huge language models from disk. IRSTLM has been so far successfully deployed with the Moses toolkit for statistical machine translation and with the FBK-irst speech recognition system. Efficiency of the tool is reported on a speech transcription task of Italian political speeches using a language model of 1.1 billion four-grams.
Fluid Overload Is Associated With Late Poor Outcomes in Neonates Following Cardiac Surgery* (2016)

This study highlights the importance of monitoring fluid balance in the neonatal cardiac surgical population and suggests that daily fluid overload, a readily available, noninvasive marker of renal function, may be a sensitive and specific predictor of adverse outcomes.
A Computational Product Model for Conceptual Design Using SysML (2009)

The importance of the concept development phase in product development is contradictory to the level and amount of current computer-based support for it, especially with regards to mechanical design. Paper-based methods for conceptual design offer a far greater level of maturity and familiarity than current computational methods. Engineers usually work with software designed to address only a single stage of the concept design phase, such as requirements management tools. Integration with software covering other stages, e.g. functional modeling, is generally poor. Using the requirements for concept models outlined in the VDI 2221 guideline for systematic product development as a starting point, the authors propose an integrated product model constructed using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) that moves beyond geometry to integrate all necessary aspects for conceptual design. These include requirements, functions and function structures, working principles and their structures as well as physical effects. In order to explore the applicability of SysML for mechanical design, a case study on the design of a passenger car’s luggage compartment cover is presented. The case study shows that many different SysML diagram types are suitable for formal modeling in mechanical concept design, though they were originally defined for software and control system development. It is then proposed that the creation and use of libraries defining generic as well as more complicated templates raises efficiency in modeling. The use of diagrams and their semantics for conceptual modeling make SysML a strong candidate for integrated product modeling of mechanical as well as mechatronic systems.
Crystal structure of KBSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> isostructural with danburite (1993)

Abstract The crystal structure of KBSi 3 O 8 (orthorhombic, Pnam , with a = 8.683(1), b = 9.253(1), c = 8.272(1) Å,, V = 664.4(1) Å 3 , Z = 4) has been determined by the direct method applied to 3- dimensional rcflection data. The structure of a microcrystal with the dimensions 20 × 29 × 37 μm was refined to an unweightcd residual of R = 0.031 using 386 non-zero structure amplitudes. KBSi 3 O 8 adopts a structure essentially different from recdmergneritc NaBSi 3 O 8 , with the low albite (NaAlSi 3 O 8 ) structure, and isotypic with danburite CaB2Si2Os which has the same topology as paracelsian BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 . The chenfical relationship between this sample and danburitc gives insight into a new coupled substitution; K + + Si 4+ = Ca 2+ + B 3+ in the extraframework and tetrahedral sites. The present occupancy refinement revealed partial disordering of B and Si atoms which jointly reside in two kinds of general equivalent points, T(1) and T(2) sites. Thus the expanded crystal-chemical formula can be written in the form K(B 0.44 Si 0.56 ) 2 (B 0.06 Si 0.94 ) 2 O 8 The systematic trend among crystalline compounds with the M + T 3+ T 4+ 3 O 8 formula suggests that they exist in one of four structural types; the feldspar structures with T 3+ /T 4+ ordered and/or disordered forms, and the paracelsian and the hollandite structures.
Transforming the Balanced Scorecard from Performance Measurement to Strategic Management: Part I (2001)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton; Transforming the Balanced Scorecard from Performance Measurement to Strategic Management: Part I. Accounting Horizons 1 March 2001; 15 (1): 87–104. doi: https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2001.15.1.87 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest Search
Stratum corneum lipids: specificity, role, deficiencies and modulation (2004)

Lipids are important constituents of the human epidermis. Either free and organized into broad lipid bilayers in the intercorneocytes spaces, or covalently bound to the corneocyte envelope, they play a crucial role in permeability barrier function. This article presents the structures of various human skin ceramides, their role in the maintenance of skin barrier function and homeostasis, and their qualitative and quantitative changes in some cases of dry skin or atopic xerosis. Moreover, we show that reconstructed human skin models could provide valuable tools to assess in vitro the biological interest of active compounds on epidermal lipogenesis. Based on such in vitro studies, we assume that the association of vitamin C and some exogenous sphingolipid could enhance the endogenous ceramide content deficient in some cases of atopic dry skin.
APPLICABILITY OF SUPERPLASTICIZER FOR CONCRETE DAMS CONSTRUCTED BY PUMPING METHOD (1985)

Construction of a concrete gravity dam by pumping method has been planned and completed at Nagayo dam in Nagasaki prefecture. Since superplasticizer is an important mean to obtain small content of water and cement in concrete, which is especially desirable for dams, the authors conducted a series of experimental studies for obtaining more data on the applicability of superplasticizer to concrete with lean mix and large size aggregate. The following conclusions were drawn from the study: (1) Superplasticizer is very effective to reduce pumping resistance, and hence to enlarge the applicability of pumping method to larger concrete dams. (2) The addition of superplasticizer scarcely affect any mechanical properties, heat generation of cement hydration, and resistance to freezing and thawing.
TRANSDERMAL NON‐STEROIDAL ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY AGENTS (1995)

Concern over the scale of morbidity associated with the use of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly in the elderly, has led to the development of alternative strategies for the relief of musculoskeletal and joint pain. One such is to explore the possibility of formulations that bypass the gastrointestinal tract that has proved so vulnerable to the prostaglandin inhibitory effects of NSAIDs. The success of transdermal absorption of such drugs as nicotine, oestrogens, nitrates, clonidine and hyoscine into the bloodstream has added a new dimension to drug therapy. Over the past 15 years some six topical non-steroidals (T/NSAIDs) have been licensed in the UK, and a number of others are available in other countries or are under investigation. Unlike the case with the drugs mentioned above, where the aim is to achieve a high blood level, comparable to that obtained with the oral formulation, with T/NSAIDs the desired goal is a high local concentration at the site of the lesion with, at the same time, as low a plasma concentration as possible, in order to minimise adverse GI tract or systemic effects. This paper reviews the pharmacokinetic data and the evidence for efficacy and safety, and attempts to assess the place of T/NSAIDs in current medical practice.