gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nutritional importance of colostrum in the piglet. (1978)

Suckling of colostrum by piglets is very important in order to improve the survival rate. Colostrum provides maternal antibodies, energy and protein. Rearing piglets suckling an artificial milk of a similar chemical composition to that of sow's milk failed when the animals were housed in conventional conditions although numerous research workers succeeded in rearing 90% of animals delivered and fed in sterile conditions. Studies on the chemical analysis of colostrum showed a high dry matter content (30-40% higher than that of milk) in particular a high protein level (twice that of milk). The high proportion of globulins, i.e. 38% during farrowing, drops to 12% of the protein 4 days later; conversely the casein content rather low at birth doubles over the same period. Colostrum proteins are not used to proved energetic nutrients; some of them are absorbed without hydrolysis and have a special physiological rôle. The transmission of maternal immunity by gamma globulins is well known; lactotransferrin plays an important rôle as a transporter and a bacteriostatic factor. Enzymatic proteins such as lyzozyme govern the metabolism of glycoproteins. Hydrolyzed albumins, casein and proteose-peptone fraction provide the essential amino acids for de novo protein synthesis. The fat content is relatively low during the first 24 hours and increases threefold in the 4 days after farrowing. It provides the majority of the energy required by the young animal. A high proportion of some fatty acids, mostly oleic and linoleic acids, are used preferentially as sources of energy. Other components, including enzymes of the mammary cells, were found, but their particular rôle has not been explained. Colostrum contains in addition numerous vitamins (vitamins A and E) and some particular trace elements (iodine and selenium), and their transfer from the maternal diet to the young is particularity efficient by colostrum suckling. The nutritional rôle of those nutrients is important and their levels could affect the survival rate of the piglets. Hypotheses concerning the digestion and absorption of nutrients and antibodies are summarized, and finally, recommendations are made for further research and for the minimum amount of colostrum required by each piglet for survival and efficient postnatal growth to be assessed.
Kinodynamic RRT*: Asymptotically optimal motion planning for robots with linear dynamics (2013)

We present Kinodynamic RRT*, an incremental sampling-based approach for asymptotically optimal motion planning for robots with linear dynamics. Our approach extends RRT*, which was introduced for holonomic robots [10], by using a fixed-final-state-free-final-time controller that optimally connects any pair of states, where the cost function is expressed as a trade-off between the duration of a trajectory and the expended control effort. Our approach generalizes earlier work on RRT* for kinodynamic systems, as it guarantees asymptotic optimality for any system with controllable linear dynamics, in state spaces of any dimension. In addition, we show that for the rich subclass of systems with a nilpotent dynamics matrix, closed-form solutions for optimal trajectories can be derived, which keeps the computational overhead of our algorithm compared to traditional RRT* at a minimum. We demonstrate the potential of our approach by computing asymptotically optimal trajectories in three challenging motion planning scenarios: (i) a planar robot with a 4-D state space and double integrator dynamics, (ii) an aerial vehicle with a 10-D state space and linearized quadrotor dynamics, and (iii) a car-like robot with a 5-D state space and non-linear dynamics.
An Agile and Medium-Transparent MAC Protocol for 60 GHz Radio-Over-Fiber Local Access Networks (2010)

We present an agile and medium-transparent Medium Access Control (MT-MAC) protocol for seamless and dynamic capacity allocation over both optical and wireless transmission media in 60 GHz broadband Radio-Over-Fiber (RoF) networks. Medium transparency is achieved by means of parallelism between two simultaneously running contention periods and through nesting of wireless user-specific dataframes within Remote Antenna Unit (RAU)-specific optical Superframes. The first contention period reports on the traffic requesting RAUs and decides about the wavelength assignments, whereas the second contention period arbitrates traffic between wireless clients served by the same RAU. Seamless service delivery is completed by RAU-dedicated optical Superframes, each one incorporating multiple user-specific and time-division multiplexed dataframes that are opto-electronically converted at the RAU site and get transmitted wirelessly down to each end-user. The proposed MAC protocol is demonstrated to operate successfully both in RoF-over-bus as well as in RoF-over-Passive Optical Network (PON) architectures requiring only minor variations for getting adapted to the network topology. Its performance for both network topologies is evaluated through simulations for different number of end-users, different loads and network node densities and for bit-rates up to 3 Gb/s, both for a Poisson and for a burst-mode traffic model. Successful operation is demonstrated for all different cases, confirming its agility and showing that extended range 60 GHz LAN areas between wireless users even without line of sight conditions can be obtained. Moreover, the high throughput and low latency values for non-saturated network conditions reveal its potential for transforming broadband 60 GHz picocellular networks into highly effective RoF-enabled 60 GHz Wireless LANs even for high-bandwidth and time-sensitive applications like High-Definition video streaming.
A smart-phone based privacy-preserving security framework for IoT devices (2017)

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are getting increasingly popular, becoming a core element for the next generations of informational architectures: smart city, smart factory, smart home, smart health-care and many others. IoT systems are mainly comprised of embedded devices with limited computing capabilities while having a cloud component which processes the data and delivers it to the end-users. IoT devices access the user private data, thus requiring robust security solution which must address features like usability and scalability. In this paper we discuss about an IoT authentication service for smart-home devices using a smart-phone as security anchor, QR codes and attribute based cryptography (ABC). Regarding the fact that in an IoT ecosystem some of the IoT devices and the cloud components may be considered untrusted, we propose a privacy preserving attribute based access control protocol to handle the device authentication to the cloud service. For the smart-phone centric authentication to the cloud component, we employ the FIDO UAF protocol and we extend it, by adding an attributed based privacy preserving component.
A Microplate Method for the Determination of Amino Groups in Monoclonal Antibodies (1990)

The total number of amino groups in monoclonal antibodies can be estimated via a colorimetric assay using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (A.F.S.A. Habeeb (1966) Anal. Biochem. 14, 328-336). This work describes the adaptation of this method to a microtiter plate in order to rapidly and reliably assay large numbers of samples.
A temperature-aware simulation environment for reliable ULSI chip design (2000)

In this paper, we present a temperature-aware simulation environment, iTAS, which has been developed for the design of thermally reliable ultra-large scale integrated (ULSI) chips. This environment provides advisory information from the early chip design phase to the post-layout analysis phase. Several important applications, including temperature-sensitive timing analysis, efficient on-chip hot-spot identification, and thermally reliable package design are addressed, iTAS can be used not only for reliability checking, but also for better thermal engineering to enhance the overall chip performance.
P2PCast: A Peer-to-Peer Multicast Scheme for Streaming Data (2003)

Currently, the only way to disseminate streaming media to many users is to pay for lots of bandwidth. A more democratic alternative would be for interested users to donate bandwidth to help disseminate the data further. In this paper we discuss the design of P2PCAST, a decentralized, scalable, fault-tolerant selforganizing system aimed at being able to stream content to thousands of nodes from behind a relatively low-bandwidth network. Our system leverages the full bandwidth that has been committed by its users by striping the data, which also enhances faulttolerance. We propose a novel algorithm for managing these stripes as a forest of multicast trees in a systematic fashion under stress conditions, and sketch preliminary results obtained with a prototype implementation.
Assistance preventive a la sortie de voie (2008)

L'objectif principal de cette these est le developpement et l'implantation d'une assistance active pour l'evitement des sorties involontaires de la voie de circulation. Les caracteristiques de cette assistance se declinent ainsi : - intervention dans les moments d'inactivite du conducteur alors que la sortie de voie devient imminente et retablissement de la situation de maintien de voie, - action partagee avec le conducteur sur la direction du vehicule, - fonctionnement sur des routes a faible et a forte courbure, - efficacite quelle que soit la qualite de la route, a forte ou a faible adherence.
Homogenous Enzymatic Synthesis Using a Thermo-Responsive Water-Soluble Polymer Support (2001)

Several enzymes immobilized on thermo-responsive polyacrylamide polymers are nearly as active as their soluble forms, and can be recovered for reuse after gentle heating and precipitation. Carbohydrates attached to these polymers have been used for enzymatic glycosylation, and the products have been isolated by thermal precipitation followed by release from the polymer, thus greatly simplifying product purification in water.
Catalytic Active Filter for Water-Gas Shift Reaction (2009)

A thin-disc, catalytic active filter (CAF), consisting of Pt/ceria (PC) as a water–gas shift (WGS) catalyst and metal as the heat transfer media, was prepared to improve the catalytic performance of the exothermic WGS reaction and to facilitate a compact WGS reactor. With the PCA (Pt/ceria + Al) filter, a remarkable improvement of CO conversion was observed compared with the result over the PC-only WGS catalyst. The prepared CAF has the advantages of superior catalytic performance, high mechanical properties and easy stackability due to its compact disc-shape.
Activated farnesoid X receptor attenuates apoptosis and liver injury in autoimmune hepatitis (2015)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease associated with interface hepatitis, the presence of autoantibodies, regulatory T‑cell dysfunction and raised plasma liver enzyme levels. The present study assessed the hepatoprotective and antiapoptotic role of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in AIH. a mouse model of AIH was induced by treatment with concanavalin A (ConA). The FXR agonist, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), was administered to mice exhibiting ConA‑induced liver injury and a normal control. Blood samples were obtained to detect the levels of aminotransferases and inflammatory cytokines. Liver specimens were collected, and hematoxylin‑eosin staining was used for histopathological examination and detection. Apoptosis was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The expression levels of apoptosis‑associated genes and proteins were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The results demonstrated that FXR was downregulated at the mRNA and protein level in the liver specimens of mice induced with ConA‑induced hepatitis. Increased levels of aminotransferases and inflammatory cytokines, including interferon‑γ, tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑4 and IL‑2, were detected in ConA‑treated mice. The mice pretreated with the FXR agonist, CDCA, were more resistant to ConA hepatitis, as indicated by reduced levels of alanine transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase and aminotransferases. The activation of FXR ameliorated hepatocyte apoptosis, as demonstrated by TUNEL analysis and downregulation of the Fas/Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor‑related apoptosis‑inducing ligand and caspase‑3. Taken together, FXR activation ameliorated liver injury and suppressed inflammatory cytokines in ConA‑induced hepatitis. FXR, therefore, exerts a protective role against ConA-induced apoptosis.
Design Synthesis of Metasurfaces for Broadband Hybrid-Mode Horn Antennas With Enhanced Radiation Pattern and Polarization Characteristics (2012)

Metamaterial surfaces (metasurfaces) with a low effective index of refraction have been recently proposed for application in the design of hybrid-mode horn antennas, such as soft and hard horns. Here we explore designs of several metasurfaces and their use as liners for coating the interior walls of horn antennas. The design process combines the genetic algorithm optimization technique with a full-wave electromagnetic solver to create dispersion-engineered metamaterials that possess customized surface impedance properties. A metamaterial parameter extraction technique is developed and employed in the optimization process, which is based on the surface impedance expressions for a homogeneous slab backed by a perfectly conducting ground plane illuminated at near grazing incidence. The optimized metasurface is found to be equivalent to a low index metamaterial with a dispersion that can improve the performance of conventional horn antennas over the entire <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ku</i> -band while introducing negligible losses. We conclude with a numerical study of a conical horn antenna whose interior is lined with a low index metasurface. The far-field radiation patterns and aperture field distributions confirm hybrid-mode operation over a wide bandwidth, validating the proposed metasurface design methodology.
A hierachical location management architecture for wireless ATM networks (2003)

This paper proposes a hierarchical location management scheme for tracking roaming users in an ATM based mobile network. Most of the existing location techniques are based on a near-flat classical scheme which relies on two types of location databases, namely, the home location register (HLR) and visiting location register (VLR). Distributing mobile users' location in formation only to their respective HLRs and VLRs makes these schemes scalable in terms of the network storage requirements. However, the update and the query costs are not quite optimized in these near-flat policies. Especially, in scenarios where every short-distance local move is required to be reported to a distant HLR, the schemes suffer from the update-scalability problem. Similarly, while located near the callee when a caller needs to go to a distant HLR of the callee, the query cost is unnecessarily amplified. To avoid these problems, caused primarily by the flatness of the policy, we introduce a location hierarchy built on top of physical ATM network topology. We show that a hierarchy of location agents, together with the classical HLRs and VLRs, can reduce the update and query costs while keeping the policy storage-scalable. We also show how a caching scheme can be effectively implemented on top of these location hierarchies for further reducing the query and update costs. An exhaustive simulation model, for evaluating the performance of the baseline and the caching scheme, was built. Simulation results show that in the presence of reasonable spatial locality in both user mobility and query profiles, our scheme can offer up to 73% improvement in update performance and up to 27% improvement in query performance over the classical scheme.
Vaccine Development for Zika Virus—Timelines and Strategies (2016)

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne <i>Flavivirus</i> that spread rapidly through South and Central America in 2015 to 2016. Microcephaly has been causally associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy and the World Health Organization declared Zika virus as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. To address this crisis, many groups have expressed their commitment to developing a Zika virus vaccine. Different strategies for Zika virus vaccine development are being considered including recombinant live attenuated vaccines, purified inactivated vaccines (PIVs), DNA vaccines, and viral vectored vaccines. Important to Zika virus vaccine development will be the target group chosen for vaccination and which end point(s) is chosen for efficacy determination. The first clinical trials of Zika virus vaccine candidates will begin in Q3/4 2016 but the pathway to licensure for a Zika virus vaccine is expected to take several years. Efforts are ongoing to accelerate Zika virus vaccine development and evaluation with the ultimate goal of reducing time to licensure.
Binding of photoreactive lysozyme peptides to murine histocompatibility class II molecules. (1988)

We have studied the interaction of six photoreactive conjugates of the immunogenic hen egg-white lysozyme peptides HEL(46-61) or HEL(49-61) with the murine histocompatibility class II molecules I-Ak, I-Ad, I-Ek, and I-Ed. All compounds tested selectively labeled the alpha chain of the class II molecules. This was true when testing class II molecules on cell membranes or solubilized in detergents. The COOH-terminal conjugate of HEL(49-61) with (4-azidobenzoyl)cystine preferentially labeled I-Ak. However, addition of hydroxyl or iodine substituents to the photoreactive moiety increased the labeling efficiency and resulted in labeling of the other class II molecules. The data suggest that the photoreactive groups enhanced the binding affinities of these peptides to class II molecules, reflected by the increased labeling efficiencies. Conversely, introduction of an iodine substitution into the tyrosine residue of HEL(46-61) or HEL(49-61) strongly decreased the photoaffinity labeling, possibly due to steric interference with ligand binding to class II molecules. Judicious use of photoaffinity probes that conserve binding specificity of the peptide should be useful for mapping the antigen-binding site of a class II molecule.
Influence of mask materials on ion-etched structures (1976)

We have investigated how the sputter yield and the shrinkage of masking structures depend on the angle of incidence of the bombarding ions. In numerous cases, suitable mask materials can be used in the preparation of deep structures with high lateral resolution by adjusting the angle of incidence of the ion beam to maximize the difference between the sputter yield of the masking material and of the etched structure.
Development and Validation of a Web-Based Screening Tool for Monitoring Cognitive Status (2002)

An Internet-based system holds promise for applying complex statistical models for routine monitoring of cognitive function.
A New Security Testing Method for Detecting Flash Vulnerabilities by Generating Test Patterns (2010)

Flash has a number of security defects even though Flash Player is installed on most of world's PC. Protection using sandbox has limitation to protect a user from vulnerabilities of Flash application because an attacker can attack a vulnerable Flash application when a sandbox can't work if an engineer or a web administrator set sandbox permission wrongly. Another way to solve it is testing. As a testing, penetration testing is useful for detecting vulnerability of Flash Application. Existing penetration testing performs penetration test through UI manually, which is inefficient and time consuming. In this paper, to overcome a problem of existing penetration test, we design a new penetration testing, which enables to generate as many test patterns as possible from VM inputs, inputting test patterns into VM, and checks the existence of vulnerabilities from VM outputs automatically. We demonstrate our testing method using an example, which can detect Flash Parameter Injection that is a one kind of vulnerability of Flash application.
Microstructure and Morphology of Cycloolefin Copolymers (1998)

A series of cycloolefin copolymers (COCs) comprised of ethylene and norbornene units were characterized by NMR, WAXD, and DSC. The investigated compositional range was from 35.6 to 79.0 mol % of norbornene. Materials of norbornene content of less than 50 mol % were found to contain blocks of ethylene units and also sequences of alternating ethylene/norbornene units. In these cases the stereoregularity of the chain was relatively high. Materials of norbornene content of more than 50 mol % were also found to contain alternating sequences but additionally showed components of a more random nature including blocks of norbornene units of varying lengths. The stereoregularity of the chain was relatively low in these cases. Differences in the WAXD of the materials were related to these differences in chemical architecture. All the materials showed one Tg which varied linearly with the composition of the copolymer.
Multiprocessing Systems (1976)

This paper surveys the state of the art in the design and evaluation of multiprocessing systems. Multiprocessor architectures of the SIMD and MIMD type are reviewed and further classified depending on their tight or loose coupling and their homogeneity. The additional complexity of the software for control, synchronization, efficient utilization, and performance monitoring of multiple processors is emphasized.
A Fully Aryl-Substituted Poly(ladder-type pentaphenylene):  A Remarkably Stable Blue-Light-Emitting Polymer (2005)

A new poly(ladder-type pentaphenylene) bearing aryl groups at all bridgehead positions has been prepared. In comparison to previously reported bridged poly(p-phenylene)-type polymers such as polyfluorene and polyindenofluorene, this polymer is optimized for maximum overlap of the blue emission with the sensitivity of the human eye. Furthermore, the introduction of aryl substituents at all the bridgeheads produces a material which shows remarkably stable blue emission in light-emitting diodes and is not subject to oxidative degradation-induced defect formation. In particular, a comparison of the novel fully aryl-substituted polymer with a partially aryl-substituted polymer reveals that the oxidative degradation-induced defect formation can be almost completely eliminated upon aryl substitution.