gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
White-light emission from organics-capped ZnSe quantum dots and application in white-light-emitting diodes (2005)

Organics-capped ZnSe quantum dots were synthesized by a colloidal chemical approach using ZnO and Se powder as precursors. The photoluminescence of the specimens showed strong white emission (∼200nm full width at half maximum) in the visible range under ambient conditions. The white emission was attributed to the mixing of blue emission of ZnSe nanocrystals exhibiting quantum confinement effect with green-red emission of radiative deep levels from ZnSe surface strained lattice. Based on organic-capped ZnSe quantum dots, the white-light-emitting diodes were fabricated using a near-UV InGaN chip as the excitation source. The diodes emitted white light with CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.38 and 0.41) and show great potential for use in lighting applications.
GaAs enhancement mode FET-tunnel diode ultra-fast low power inverter and memory cell (1979)

A microtunnel diode load for a normally off enhancement mode gallium arsenide field effect transistor provides a compact inverter circuit of fast switching speed and low power consumption. Level shifting is not required, and direct coupling with multiple fan-out causes a comparatively small decrease in speed. The tunnel diode FET logic (TDFL) should be capable of operation at 2 GHz with a power-delay time product of 3.4 fJ for an output node capacitance of 50 fF. The negative characteristic of the tunnel diode combined with the FET provides a compact memory cell. However, advances in the state of the art for producing microtunnel diodes of precisely controlled peak current will be required before a viable TDFL can emerge.
Meeting the regulatory requirements for pharmaceutical production of recombinant DNA derived products. (1989)

Genetic engineering provides the opportunity for the synthesis of human proteins and derivatives thereof which are of significant value for replacement therapy. However, in addition to genetic engineering an extensive process development has to be carried out in order to establish an economic production process and to guarantee consistently high product quality from batch to batch. This includes the characterization of the production host cell vector construct, the validation of the fermentation and the protein purification process as well as the lyophilization and the reconstitution of the final product. A number of in-process and final product controls have to be established and limits for the specification have to be elaborated to provide consistent product quality. Real time stability data have to be supplied because data from accelerated conditions do not allow extrapolation of the shelf life of proteins. Data obtained from process development and validation of the production process contributes to the preparation of the chemical pharmaceutical dossier and the expert report to be submitted to the regulatory authorities.
Spatial prediction in scalable video coding (1995)

Spatial scalability allows the transmission of images at different levels of resolution in a single bit stream, offering potential spectrum savings with respect to simulcast transmission. The authors consider a two-layer MPEG-2 system which uses spatial scalability to transmit a conventional television signal as a base layer, and an HDTV signal as an enhancement layer or alternatively a conventional television signal as the enhancement and a SIF interlaced signal as the base layer. The issue of interlaced to interlaced conversion, and its effect on the overall performance are studied. The usefulness of the base layer signal in the prediction of the upper layer signal is discussed. Finally, the performance of spatial scalability is compared with a simulcast approach for different bit rates at the lower layer, while keeping the overall bit rate constant.
Trust Computations and Trust Dynamics in Mobile Adhoc Networks: A Survey (2011)

Trust is an important aspect of mobile adhoc networks (MANETs). It enables entities to cope with uncertainty and uncontrollability caused by the free will of others. Trust computations and management are highly challenging issues in MANETs due to computational complexity constraints, and the independent movement of component nodes. This prevents the direct application of techniques suited for other networks. In MANETs, an untrustworthy node can wreak considerable damage and adversely affect the quality and reliability of data. Therefore, analyzing the trust level of a node has a positive influence on the confidence with which an entity conducts transactions with that node. In this work we present a detailed survey on various trust computing approaches that are geared towards MANETs. We highlight the summary and comparisons of these approaches. In addition, we analyze various works on trust dynamics including trust propagation, prediction and aggregation algorithms, the influence of network dynamics on trust dynamics and the impact of trust on security services.
Interleukin-8 plays a significant role in IgE-mediated lung inflammation (1998)

Interleukin (IL)-8 is a potentially important cytokine in allergic respiratory responses since it is released by many resident lung cells, and it is a potent granulocyte chemoattractant. Therefore, we induced an immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated response in human lung samples and studied whether IL-8 was produced in sufficient quantities to promote human neutrophil and eosinophil migration across naked filters and endothelial and pulmonary epithelial monolayers cultured on these filters. Fresh human lung fragments from 16 thoracotomy specimens were treated with either a 1:100 dilution of anti-IgE or buffer (control) for 30 min. All anti-IgE treated lung samples had significant release of histamine and neutrophil and eosinophil chemotactic activity. Fourteen of the 16 lung samples had a significant increase in IL-8 subsequent to anti-IgE treatment (p<0.01). Anti-IL-8 antibody (4 microg x mL[-1]) inhibited 42% and 53% of neutrophil and eosinophil chemotactic activity respectively, contained in supernatants from anti-IgE-treated lung samples. Finally, we found that IL-8 at a concentration near that measured after anti-IgE treatment of lung samples (2,000 pg x mL[-1]) induced neutrophil and eosinophil migration through naked filters and endothelial and pulmonary epithelial cell monolayers. Thus, human lung IgE-mediated responses in vitro results in the rapid release of interleukin-8 in amounts sufficient to affect a biological response, granulocyte transcellular migration, indicating that interleukin-8 may play a significant role in allergic respiratory diseases.
Preventing crosstalk delay using Fibonacci representation (2004)

As the CMOS technology scaled down to deep sub-micron level, the crosstalk effects due to the coupling capacitance between interconnection lines has become one of the main performance limiting factors. Several methods such as those based on routing strategies, skewing the timing of signals on adjacent wires, interleaving mutually exclusive buses, precharging the bus, and bus encoding technique, have been proposed to eliminate/reduce the crosstalk delay. In this work, we propose a bus encoding technique using a variant of binary Fibonacci representation to prevent crosstalk delay and give a recursive procedure to generate crosstalk delay free binary Fibonacci codewords. We show that m-bit crosstalk delay free binary Fibonacci codewords are used to encode /spl lfloor/log/sub 2/(F/sub m+2/)/spl rfloor/-bit bus, where F/sub m+2/ is the (m+2)/sup th/ Fibonacci number. So, a 32-bit bus can be encoded using 46-bit crosstalk delay free binary Fibonacci codewords.
Protein Replacement by Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Corrects the Sensitivity of Fanconi Anemia Group C Cells to Mitomycin C (1999)

Current methods for direct gene transfer into hematopoietic cells are inefficient. Here we show that functional complementation of Fanconi anemia (FA) group C cells by protein replacement can be as efficacious as by transfection with wild-type FAC cDNA. We expressed a chimeric protein (called His-ILFAC) consisting of the mature coding portion of gibbon interleukin-3 (IL-3) and full-length FAC inEscherichia coli. The purified bacterial protein is internalized by hematopoietic cells via IL-3 receptors. The intracellular half-life of His-ILFAC is approximately 60 minutes, which is comparable to that of the transgene-encoded FAC protein. In this cell-culture model His-ILFAC completely corrects the sensitivity of FA group C cells to mitomycin C, but it has no effect on FA cells that belong to complementation groups A and B. We suggest that receptor-mediated endocytosis of cytokine-fusion proteins may be of general use to deliver macromolecules into hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Motion control with permanent-magnet AC machines (1994)

Motion control techniques have been developed to exploit the high efficiency and extremely fast dynamic response capabilities of permanent-magnet AC (PMAC) machines. Control techniques are reviewed separately for the two major classes of PMAC machines referred to as trapezoidal (i.e., brushless DC) and sinusoidal machines. While trapezoidal PMAC machine drives are distinguished by their controls simplicity and minimal sensor requirements, sinusoidal PMAC machine drives offer opportunities for extremely smooth torque production and extended high-speed operating ranges. Advanced PMAC machine control topics including sensor elimination techniques and robust servocontrol algorithms are reviewed, concluding with a discussion of PMAC machine drive application trends.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Modification of Membrane Structure and Function. I. Dietary Manipulation of Tumor Cell Susceptibility to Cell‐ and Complement‐Mediated Lysis (1993)

Omega-3 fatty acids, abundant in fish oil, are reported to alter membrane properties when incorporated into membrane phospholipids. We report that dietary omega-3 fatty acids, incorporated into tumor cell membranes, alter tumor recognition and cytolysis by the immune system. Mice were fed diets rich in corn oil, hydrogenated coconut oil, or menhaden (fish) oil. T27A leukemia cells were grown as an ascites tumor in these mice and harvested for biochemical and immunologic assays. The incorporation of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) into tumor plasma membranes correlated with an increased susceptibility to tumor cytolysis by alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes and decreased expression of a class I major histocompatibility complex epitope, monitored by complement-mediated lysis and radioimmunoassay. Thus the immunologic phenotype of this ascites tumor reflected the source of oil present in the diet during tumor growth.
Abrogating Cbl-b in effector CD8+ T cells improves the efficacy of adoptive therapy of leukemia in mice (2010)

The clinical use of adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-reactive T cells to treat established cancers is limited in part by the poor in vivo survival and function of the transferred T cells. Although administration of exogenous cytokines such as IL-2 can promote T cell survival, such strategies have many nonspecific activities and are often associated with toxicity. We show here that abrogating expression of Casitas B-lineage lymphoma b (Cbl-b), a negative regulator of lymphocyte activation, in tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells expanded ex vivo increased the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy of disseminated leukemia in mice. Mechanistically, Cbl-b abrogation bypassed the requirement for exogenous IL-2 administration for tumor eradication in vivo. In addition, CD8(+) T cells lacking Cbl-b demonstrated a lower threshold for activation, better survival following target recognition and stimulation, and enhanced proliferative responses as a result of both IL-2-dependent and -independent pathways. Importantly, siRNA knockdown of Cbl-b in human CD8(+)CD28- effector T cell clones similarly restored IL-2 production and proliferation following target recognition independent of exogenous IL-2, enhanced IFN-γ production, and increased target avidity. Thus, abrogating Cbl-b expression in effector T cells may improve the efficacy of adoptive therapy of some human malignancies.
Metabolic effects of epinephrine in the perfused rat heart. I. Comparison of intracellular redox states, tissue pO2 and force of contraction. (1966)

A direct fluorometric technique for recording the intracellular oxidation-reduction state has been applied to the perfused rat heart. The fluorescence changes were calibrated in terms of the content of analytically determined NADH and NADPH. Simultaneous measurements of the contractile force and tissue oxygen tension were also made. The kinetics of the fluorescence response to epinephrine were determined under a variety of conditions which allowed an initial oxidation of pyridine nucleotide to be distinguished from the subsequent predominant increase of reduced pyridine nucleotide. The change of the pyridine nucleotide toward the more oxidized state coincided with increased respiratory activity and an increased force of contraction. This effect is interpreted as a mitochondrial response to the increased ADP formed by the increased work of the heart. The increased formation of reduced pyridine nucleotides was transient, and completely inhibited by iodoacetate. This response is interpreted as being due to the rapid formation of NADH at the glyceraldehyde-P dehydrogenase step as glycogenolysis is initiated. Log dose-response curves for the contractile force and increase of fluorescence are reported together with data showing inhibition of both these effects by the β-receptor blocking agent, Nethalide. A comparison of the tissue oxygen tension changes in hearts subjected to anoxia and epinephrine suggests that respiratory linked reduction of pyridine nucleotide does not occur during the cycle of pyridine nucleotide reduction following epinephrine administration. The results demonstrate a temporal separation between the positive inotropic action of epinephrine and its glycogenolytic effect.
Progranulin modulates zebrafish motoneuron development in vivoand rescues truncation defects associated with knockdown of Survival motor neuron 1 (2010)

Expression of PGRN within MNs and the observed phenotypes resulting from mRNA knockdown and over-expression are consistent with a role in the regulation of spinal cord MN development and branching. This study presents the first in vivo demonstration of the neurotrophic properties of PGRN and suggests possible future therapeutic applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
EFFECTS OF BRAIN MEMBRANES ON 1H NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SIGNAL INTENSITY OF ETHANOL IN VITRO (1997)

In vivo proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) studies of ethanol in animal and human brains have shown that only a fraction of ethanol in brain is visible by NMR. The goals of these in vitro 1H NMR experiments were to determine: (1) whether the interaction of ethanol with brain membranes in vitro diminishes ethanol visibility; and (2) if a magnetization transfer (MT) effect can be observed for the interaction of ethanol with brain membranes in vitro. Furthermore, pilot studies were performed to determine if the brain membranes from rats chronically exposed to ethanol had a different effect on ethanol NMR visibility and spin-spin relaxation time (T2) than brain membranes obtained from control rats. Results show that the NMR visibility of ethanol is lower in rat brain membrane suspensions in vitro as compared to ethanol in saline solutions. The factors decreasing ethanol NMR visibility are T2 relaxation, water presaturation time, and off-resonance saturation by a frequency-dependent MT pulse. One-pulse NMR measurements without water presaturation showed that ethanol visibility was significantly increased by 15% in brain membrane suspensions of ethanol-fed rats, suggestive of decreased ethanol partitioning compared to controls. Furthermore ethanol in brain membrane suspensions from ethanol-fed rats showed smaller MT effects than from control rats. These results provide a mechanism for decreased NMR visibility of ethanol in brain, and suggest that chronic exposure to ethanol produces membrane changes which result in increased NMR visibility.
Learning Two-Branch Neural Networks for Image-Text Matching Tasks (2018)

Image-language matching tasks have recently attracted a lot of attention in the computer vision field. These tasks include image-sentence matching, i.e., given an image query, retrieving relevant sentences and vice versa, and region-phrase matching or visual grounding, i.e., matching a phrase to relevant regions. This paper investigates two-branch neural networks for learning the similarity between these two data modalities. We propose two network structures that produce different output representations. The first one, referred to as an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">embedding network</i> , learns an explicit shared latent embedding space with a maximum-margin ranking loss and novel neighborhood constraints. Compared to standard triplet sampling, we perform improved neighborhood sampling that takes neighborhood information into consideration while constructing mini-batches. The second network structure, referred to as a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">similarity network</i> , fuses the two branches via element-wise product and is trained with regression loss to directly predict a similarity score. Extensive experiments show that our networks achieve high accuracies for phrase localization on the Flickr30K Entities dataset and for bi-directional image-sentence retrieval on Flickr30K and MSCOCO datasets.
Ion implantation in tetrahedral amorphous carbon (1995)

Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) is a dense form of amorphous carbon with a structure consisting of a highly tetrahedral bonding network. Approximately 20% of the atoms in ta-C are ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$ hybridized and the presence of these sites plays an important role in the electrical and optical properties of the material. In the present investigation, we use 50 keV ${\mathrm{C}}^{+}$ and 200 keV ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}$ ion implantation to damage the structure in a controlled manner. The structure of the ta-C following ion irradiation is monitored using the dose dependence of the electrical conductivity, Raman spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. It is shown that the damage is predominantly reflected in an increased concentration of ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$-bonded sites. With increasing dose, the structure is observed to change from an essentially tetrahedral network containing ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$ sites as ``defects'' to an essentially ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$-bonded structure in which there is a high degree of in-plane disorder combined with a regular stacking of the planes.
Synthesis of imidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>][1,3,5]triazines by NBS-mediated coupling of 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (2020)

An efficient NBS-promoted synthesis of substituted imidazo[1,2-<italic>a</italic>][1,3,5]triazines under mild conditions has been developed.
Phagolysosomal pH of human neutrophils (1984)

Human neutrophils sequester yeast cells or zymosan particles in two classes of phagocytic vacuoles: sealed and unsealed. The pH of sealed vacuoles was measured by a newly devised fluorometric procedure that used fluoresceinated zymosan particles, derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a pH probe. Five minutes after initiation of phagocytosis, sealed vacuoles were alkaline, exhibiting a pH of 7.80 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SEM). Their acidity subsequently increased, so that the pH fell to 7.38 +/- 0.25 after 15 min. 6.35 +/- 0.35 after 30 min, and 5.68 +/- 0.26 after 60 min. The implications of these findings for neutrophil microbicidal mechanisms are discussed.
Up-regulated biosynthesis and expression of endothelial cell vitronectin receptor enhances cancer cell adhesion. (1992)

Extravasation of circulating cancer cells during metastasis is thought to involve adhesion to the vascular endothelium. To characterize this process, we measured the attachment of A549 human lung carcinoma cells to monolayers of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Pretreatment of the endothelial cells with 10 ng/ml interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1) for 4 h increased cancer cell attachment 2-5-fold. This increase was blocked by 100 microM glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine peptide and was decreased 60 +/- 10% (SD) by a vitronectin receptor polyclonal antiserum or 56 +/- 8% by a vitronectin receptor monoclonal antibody, LM609. Glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine or the vitronectin receptor antibodies did not inhibit cancer cell attachment to untreated endothelial cells. A fibronectin receptor antiserum had no effect on attachment to untreated or IL-1-treated endothelial cells. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with IL-1 increased their adhesion to fibronectin and vitronectin and increased the expression of vitronectin receptor and fibronectin receptor as detected by immunofluorescence flow cytometry, quantitative antibody binding, and immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled cell extracts. IL-1 pretreatment also increased beta 1, beta 3, and alpha, integrin mRNA. The A549 cells did not express vitronectin receptor, since LM609 did not inhibit A549 adhesion to vitronectin or bind to A549 cells in flow cytometry, and vitronectin receptor antisera failed to immunoprecipitate vitronectin receptor from A549 cells. Furthermore, the beta 3 complementary DNA probe failed to hybridize to A549 RNA. A549 cells did express fibronectin receptor, which was increased by IL-1 treatment. We conclude that IL-1 induces the expression of both vitronectin receptor and fibronectin receptor on endothelial cells and that vitronectin receptor, in turn, facilitates A549 cell adhesion to endothelial cells.
Comparison of signal peak detection algorithms for self-gated cardiac cine MRI (2007)

Self-gating (SG) is a cardiac MRI technique to synchronize data acquisition to the cardiac cycle based upon MR signal triggers as opposed to conventional ECG triggers. Fourteen healthy subjects underwent cardiac MRI scans in four different orientations: two chamber, three chamber, four chamber, and short axis. SG trigger times were computed using two methods, first difference and template matching, and ECG trigger times were also recorded for comparison. The root-mean-square (RMS) error was used to evaluate performance, defined as the variability relative to the mean difference between SG trigger times and ECG trigger times. The mean RMS error was lower for template matching than first difference approach for all scan orientations; the improvement in RMS error was statistically significant for all orientations except short axis. In conclusion, compared to the first difference approach, template matching improved the accuracy of trigger detection for two, three, and four chamber SG cardiac MRI scans.