gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A DICOM-RT-based toolbox for the evaluation and verification of radiotherapy plans (2002)

The verification of radiotherapy plans is an essential step in the treatment planning process. This is especially important for highly conformal and IMRT plans which produce non-intuitive fluence maps and complex 3D dose distributions. In this work we present a DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) based toolbox, developed for the evaluation and the verification of radiotherapy treatment plans. The toolbox offers the possibility of importing treatment plans generated with different calculation algorithms and/or different optimization engines and evaluating dose distributions on an independent platform. Furthermore the radiotherapy set-up can be exported to the BEAM Monte Carlo code system for dose verification. This can be done by simulating the irradiation of the patient CT dataset or the irradiation of a software-generated water phantom. We show the application of some of the functions implemented in this toolbox for the evaluation and verification of an IMRT treatment of the head and neck region.
On the sound field of a circular membrane in free space and an infinite baffle (2006)

An enhanced method for calculating the radiation characteristics of a tensioned circular membrane in free space is presented using an analytical solution to the infinite integral in the free-space Green’s function in cylindrical coordinates. This enables direct calculation of the surface pressure series coefficients by equating the coefficients of the resulting Bessel series in a set of simultaneous equations. Eliminating both numerical integration and least-squares minimization improves calculation speed and accuracy. An infinite baffle is introduced to provide an indication of what the theoretical limit of the bass performance would be using a very large enclosure. Furthermore, analytical solutions to the pressure field integrals are presented. A force transmission coefficient is introduced, which is the ratio of the total radiation impedance to the motional impedance. The motional, radiation, and diaphragm impedances of the damped membrane are calculated, together with the near- and far-field pressure responses and efficiency. A comparison is made between the on-axis response (without damping) calculated using this method and using a finite element model. It is demonstrated that good correlation between the two calculation methods can be achieved provided the elements are small enough and a sufficiently large model is used at the frequency extremes.
Research on Forbidden Zone of Virtual Human in Distributed Virtual Environment (2007)

Application of distributed virtual environment is more and more widespread with the development of virtual reality. Since virtual human can cruise freely and communicate with the system, the problem of security is more and more important. Based on the deeply research of distributed virtual environment, this paper puts forward the concept of forbidden zone for virtual human, divides it up to three levels, presents the monitoring algorithm and explores the application of DR algorithm in the forbidden zone of virtual human.
The London Magazine (1938)

The London Magazine Get access X. Y. Z. X. Y. Z. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 175, Issue 4, 23 July 1938, Page 62, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/175.4.62d Published: 23 July 1938
Collagen Coatings Reduce the Incidence of Capsule Contracture Around Soft Silicone Rubber Implants in Animals (1988)

Silicone rubber miniprostheses known to be associated with a high rate of experimental capsule contracture were implanted subcutaneously in rats. Prostheses were coated either with 2 layers of collagen cross-linked with formaldehyde or with 1 layer of collagen cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Noncoated prostheses were implanted as controls. Contracture was defined as grossly observable distortion of the implant mounds from round to avoid. Capsules were examined histologically at explant at 255 days. In the control group with no coating present capsules formed very early in 100% of the implants. The group with a 2-layer, formaldehyde-treated collagen coat demonstrated the greatest total surface area covered with coating, the least degree of capsule formation, the lowest rate of contracture (7%), and the longest onset. The group with a single layer of collagen treated with glutaraldehyde showed an intermediate coverage of coating, an intermediate degree of capsule formation, an intermediate contracture rate (50%), and an intermediate time of onset. These observations confirm earlier results by showing a correlation between intact collagen coating and absence of capsule formation, and also further demonstrate a significant reduction in the rate of capsule contracture for collagen-coated implants.
Cord Dorsum Potentials Suppressed by Low Power Laser Irradiation on a Peripheral Nerve in the Cat (1993)

The effects of low-power helium-neon laser irradiation on the cord dorsum potentials (CDP) evoked by electrical nerve stimulation of a distal portion of exposed sural nerve were observed in unanesthetized decerebrate cats. These evoked CDP were significantly suppressed (25.6 ± 2.5%, p < 0.01) during low-power laser irradiation. It is suggested that the analgesic effects of low power laser irradiation is based on the decrease of ascending signals from the spinal cord to the higher central nervous system. The suppressive effect of low power laser irradiation upon the impulse transmission of nerve fibers is discussed.
Percutaneous Intraosseous Venography Through the Hip Nail in Fractures of the Femoral Neck Report of a New Method and Preliminary Results (1967)

A new method for percutaneous intraosseous venography in intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck is described. The method is technically simple and may be used in all patients in whom the fracture has been fixed internally by a Smith-Petersen or S. Johansson nail. The examination may be performed immediately after nailing and at any stage during the clinical course. The procedure has been safe and free from complications and it causes only slight inconvenience to the patient. Ninety-three examinations on 84 patients have been carried out. The preliminary results of the method have been encouraging but a study of a larger series covering a longer period of time will be necessary before the procedure can be properly evaluated. The method however, seems to be of special importance in surgical and orthopedic departments, in which arthroplasty is the usual procedure for avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
The Seville Expert Workshop for Progress in Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders (2012)

: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality among solid-organ transplant patients, but approaches to diagnosis and management vary considerably. An international multidisciplinary panel evaluated current understanding of risk factors and classification systems and developed recommendations to aid in PTLD prevention. We considered evidence on PTLD risk factors including Epstein-Barr virus serostatus and immunosuppression and identified knowledge gaps for future research. Recommendations address prophylactic and preemptive strategies to minimize PTLD development, including modulation of immunosuppression and antiviral drug regimens. Finally, new classification criteria were outlined that may help facilitate standardized reporting and improve our understanding of PTLD.
New measurement methods for determining the transfer characteristics of telephone terminal equipment (2003)

Measurement methods are outlined for the assessment of the transfer characteristics of handsets and hands-free telephones or conference systems that are based on artificial head technologies. A suitable system approximating the radiation of the human mouth and the binaural receive characteristics is described. In addition to new acoustical transmitters and receivers, a more complex test procedure is required. A measurement method is proposed which is based on a new measurement signal approximating the human voice properties with respect to modulation, power density, probability density, and time structure. It permits the determination of different parameters relevant to the transmission of speech quality. Properties and applications of the measurement method are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Maximum Doppler Shift Estimation Based on Illegal Data Elimination in MIMO Systems (2007)

For maximum Doppler shift estimation in multi-input multi-output(MIMO) systems,the single-factor analysis of variance was applied to establish mathematical model and perform hypotheses testing for estimated values.Furthermore,a novel scheme for illegal data elimination was proposed based on the principle of maximum distance judgment and mean value replacement.Theoretical analysis and simulation results proved that the proposed scheme could detect and eliminate illegal data effectively and improve the accuracy of maximum Doppler shift estimation in MIMO systems.
Synthesis of novel carbo- and heteropolycycles. VI. Reactions of some bridgehead- and bridge-azides related to adamantane with some selected trivalent phosphorus compounds. (1987)

The reactions of 1-adamantyl azide [1 a], 2-adamantyl azide [1 b], , 2-methyl-2-adamantyl azide [1 c], , 3-homoadamantyl azide [1 d], , and bicyclo[3.3.1]non-1-y1 azide [1 e], with P(C6H5)3 [2 a], , P(n-Bu)3 [2 b], 1 and P(OEt)3 [2 c], were examined in order to prep are the corresponding iminophosphoranes. The relative reactivity of [1 a], in the reactions of [2a]-[2c], under reflux in benzene for 1 h was shown to be 1.0 0: 16.5: 8.50 based on the IR spectra. The relative reactivity of [2 a], in the reactions of [1 a]∼[1 e], under the same conditions as above was shown also as 1.00: 10.2: 0.58: 1.76. The corresponding iminophosphoranes [5 a], , [5 b], , and [5 c], from [1 a], with [2 b], and [2 c], , and from [1 b], with [2 a]respectively were obtained in high yields. Some examples of their applications on synthesis of adamantyl isocyanate, isothiocyanate, and carbodiimide, and/or their derivatives were also reported.
Embedded Networks in Mobile Devices (2010)

The concept of a mobile phone has recently transformed into a new concept of mobile multimedia devices capable of performing multiple complex tasks and integrating multiple functionalities. It has resulted in a significant increase of device integration costs and complicated deployment of new technologies. Device integrator companies favor modularity everywhere possible, which results in a new trend toward networked architectures for the mobile devices. However, comparing to the best-known embedded network solutions, e.g., SoC and NoC, these architectures have unique constraints and requirements, which also are significantly different from the wide area networks. The main constraints are power consumption and having a modular architecture to allow reuse of the components. Transition to the new architectures for mobile devices is a time consuming task that requires the analysis of many solutions applied in other contexts, especially for embedded protocols, QoS and resource management. This article reviews the state of the art in embedded networks research and the key assumptions, restrictions and limitations faced by designers of embedded networks architectures for mobile devices.
High Precision Highway Profiles Using Helicopter Borne On-The-Fly GPS (1995)

Kinematic GPS is capable of providing centimetre
level positioning for a wide range of applications. This
has come about through recent developments in both
GPS receiver technology and ‘on-the-fly’ (OTF)
ambiguity resolution techniques.
One application to benefit from this high level of
precision is helicopter photogrammetry. The technique
uses near vertical photography taken from a helicopter
to produce high precision profiles for highway
deformation and repair projects. The camera is
mounted vertically on the side of the helicopter and
integrated with an OTF GPS system to provide
exposure coordinates. The aim is the minimisation of
ground control, leading to a faster and more cost
effective operation.
This paper describes the techniques and software used
in the OTF ambiguity resolution process at
Nottingham. It then details the present stage of the
integration of the GPS and photogrammetric systems.
A field trial was performed, and results obtained using
a Bell 206B Jet Ranger helicopter equipped with this
system. These are compared with the results produced
using full conventional ground control. The
performance of the combined system is assessed and
future developments to the system are described.
Conversion of .beta.-amino esters to .beta.-lactams via tin(II) amides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of .beta.-amino esters to .beta.-lactams via tin(II) amidesWei Bo Wang and Eric J. RoskampCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 21, 9417–9420Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00074a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00074a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views725Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell Suicide and Cell Death (1971)

Cell death remains an obscure biological phenomenon from the point of view of mechanism. The role of cell death in normal development and metamorphosis, in a wide variety of diseases including many of toxicological origin and in the chemotherapy and radiotherapy of diseases of abnormal growth, is sufficiently clear cut to establish it as an important problem that warrants a solution. Also, even a partial answer to the question ‘what do you have to do metabolically to a cell to kill it’ would give important new insight into some of the essential features of cell organization and integration basic to its vitality. Despite these considerations, the biochemical pathogenesis of cell death continues to receive little attention.
Index to Current Periodical Literature (1951)

Index to Current Periodical Literature Get access Nathan W. Shock Nathan W. Shock Gerontology Section, National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Gerontology, Volume 6, Issue 2, April 1951, Pages 184–211, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/6.2.184 Published: 01 April 1951
Indium&#8212;Tin&#8212;Oxide&#8212;Silicon heterojunction photovoltaic devices (1977)

We have fabricated heterojunction photovoltaic devices consisting of RF-sputtered, highly transparent, and conductive indium-tin-oxide (IT0) films deposited onto both amorphous or crystalline Si. The ITO-amorphous-Si devices exhibit photovoltaic energy-conversion efficiencies of the order of 0.01 percent for the 100-mW/cm2 white light of a tungsten-halogen lamp. However, the relatively high photoresponse of these devices in the blue-UV spectral region leads to a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of approximately 0.5 percent for monochromatic light of wavelength 400 nm. The ITO-crystalline-Si devices exhibit terrestrial solar-cell efficiencies of the order of 1 percent. The performance of such a cell strongly depends on the insulating interface oxide layer, on the surface-state density, and on the incident-light intensity. A model for the operation of these devices is presented and shown to be in quantitative agreement with the experimental data.
Hand hygiene compliance and irritant dermatitis: a juxtaposition of healthcare issues (2012)

Reduction and prevention of health care-associated infections is a worldwide priority with emphasis on increasing hand hygiene compliance. Repetitive exposure to hand hygiene products and procedures is a significant factor in the development of occupational irritant hand dermatitis. Compliance has been difficult to achieve often due to skin irritation. The introduction of alcohol hand rubs has positively influenced compliance but rates remain lower than required. Genetic and environmental factors to the frequency and severity of irritant contact dermatitis have been identified. Because of the skin's role in innate immunity, maintenance of epidermal integrity is a key strategy for reducing health care-associated infections. In this review, we examine the interdependence of the two issues and the challenges of simultaneously accomplishing both goals. We emphasize research conducted among healthcare workers in their clinical settings. The factors that influence skin integrity and the challenges in meeting both goals simultaneously are explored. Cosmetic scientists have played key roles in the development of improved skin care products, and the issues present an excellent opportunity for them to provide potentially life-saving contributions to health care.
The symbiotic relationship between waste burning and safety in liquid metal reactors (1993)

The relationship between the transmutation of minor actinides and fission products, and safety related reactivity feedbacks in liquid metal reactors (LMR) was explored. Severaf design features appear promising for performing waste transmutation while retaining the desirable safety characteristics. Innovative variations of conventionii LMR configurations and compositions establish symbiotic relationships between plutonium fuel, minor actinides, and fission products. These relationships enhance safety characteristics of the core and provide acceptable fhel and bumup performance. Although a specific design has not been developed, an LMR capable of transmuting the minor actinides and fission products from up to 10 comparable light water reactors while retaining desirable safety features, appears to be feasible. L
Force feedback surface force apparatus: Principles of operation (1992)

The principles of operation of a force feedback surface force apparatus are described. A magnetic force transducer and a bimorph displacement sensor are connected in a servo loop. The dynamic behavior of the system is analyzed and the effect of eddy currents on the frequency response of the magnetic field is discussed. The apparatus has several advantages over more traditional force measuring techniques. Cantilever instability associated with the measurement of attractive forces is reduced and the apparatus may be used for hydrodynamic measurements. A resonance technique for measuring the spring constant is also described.
Catalytic Asymmetric Direct Mannich Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds withα-Imino Esters (2001)

The development of a direct catalytic asymmetric Mannich reaction is shown and its potential demonstrated by the synthesis of optically active lactones via 4-hydroxyglutamic acid ester derivatives. The catalytic asymmetric Mannich reaction of carbonyl compounds with α-imino esters [Eq. (1); Ts = p-toluenesulfonyl] gives good yields and diastereoselectivities, as well as excellent enantioselectivities.
Ion Exchange. (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon Exchange.Robert KuninCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 1, 65–70Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50481a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50481a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effect of chiral end group variation on the properties of ferroelectric copolymers (1993)

Abstract The effect of changing the chiral end chain on the phase behavior and physical properties of some lactate-based side-chain copolymers are reported. Two classes of polymers have been studied, one with hydrocarbon groups and the other with fluorocarbon groups as terminal chains attached to the chiral center through an ester linkage. While the hydrocarbon materials exhibit larger range of the ferroelectric smectic-C* phase than the corresponding fluorocarbon analogs, the spontaneous polarization of the copolymers with fluorocarbon tails are found to be substantially larger than the corresponding hydrocarbon derivatives. The phase behavior of the copolymers is also compared with that of the corresponding unattached low molar mass side-group mesogens.
Treatment of angina pectoris with acupuncture. Role of "neiguan". (1987)

虚血性心疾患に対する針治療は, その有効性が報告されており, 特に内関は頻用される経穴であるが, その作用機序に関しては不明な点が多い。今回われわれは, 虚血性心疾患で心臓カテーテル検査を行った患者に, 内関に針刺激を施し, 冠動脈径に与える影響をみた。その結果, 内関は冠動脈拡張作用があることが確められたが, Isosorbide dinitrate のそれより弱かった。ところが, 亜硝酸剤を含む薬物療法でコントロールが難しかった患者が, 内関を中心とした針治療により胸痛発作が消失した。このことより針治療は自律神経のアンバランスを是正する働きがあることが推測された。内関に関して現在生理学的に明らかにされていることを含めて文献的考察を行い報告した。
Dexmedetomidine in Children (2011)

More than 200 studies and reports have been published regarding the use of dexmedetomidine in infants and children. We reviewed the English literature to summarize the current state of knowledge of this drug in children for the practicing anesthesiologist. Dexmedetomidine is an effective sedative for infants and children that only minimally depresses the respiratory system while maintaining a patent airway. However, dexmedetomidine does depress the cardiovascular system. Specifically, bradycardia, hypotension, and hypertension occur to varying degrees depending on the age of the child. Hypertension is more prevalent when larger doses of dexmedetomidine are given to infants. Consistent with its 2-hour elimination half-life, recovery after dexmedetomidine may be protracted in comparison with other sedatives. Dexmedetomidine provides and augments analgesia and diminishes shivering as well as agitation postoperatively. The safety record of dexmedetomidine suggests that it can be used effectively and safely in children, with appropriate monitoring and interventions to manage cardiovascular sequelae.