gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmid-like replicative intermediates of the Epstein-Barr virus lytic origin of DNA replication (1996)

During the lytic phase of herpesviruses, intermediates of viral DNA replication are found as large concatemeric molecules in the infected cells. It is not known, however, what the early events in viral DNA replication that yield these concatemers are. In an attempt to identify these early steps of DNA replication, replicative intermediates derived from the lytic origin of Epstein-Barr virus, oriLyt, were analyzed. As shown by density shift experiments with bromodeoxyuridine, oriLyt replicated semiconservatively soon after induction of the lytic cycle and oriLyt-containing DNA is amplified to yield monomeric plasmid progeny DNA (besides multimeric forms and high-molecular-weight DNA). A new class of plasmid progeny DNA which have far fewer negative supercoils than do plasmids extracted from uninduced cells is present only in cells undergoing the lytic cycle of Epstein-Barr virus. This finding is consistent with plasmid DNAs having fewer nucleosomes before extraction. The newly replicated plasmid DNAs are dependent on a functional oriLyt in cis and support an efficient marker transfer into Escherichia coli as monomeric plasmids. Multimeric forms of presumably circular progeny DNA of oriLyt, as well as detected recombination events, indicate that oriLyt-mediated DNA replication is biphasic: an early theta-like mode is followed by a complex pattern which could result from rolling-circle DNA replication.
Electronic Cooling of Resistors (1978)

Nature of an electronic feedback system to suppress the Johnson noise of resistors is discussed.
Federalism as a Democratic Process (1942)

Federalism as a Democratic Process. By Roscoe Pound, Charles H. McIlwain, and Roy F. Nichols. With commentaries by Francis W. Coker and Edward S. Corwin. Rutgers University Publications. (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1942. 90 pp. $1.25.) Get access Homer C. Hockett Homer C. Hockett Ohio State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 29, Issue 2, September 1942, Pages 280–281, https://doi.org/10.2307/1896308 Published: 01 September 1942
<i>wrinkled1</i>: A Novel, Low-Seed-Oil Mutant of Arabidopsis with a Deficiency in the Seed-Specific Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism1 (1998)

During oil deposition in developing seeds of Arabidopsis, photosynthate is imported in the form of carbohydrates into the embryo and converted to triacylglycerols. To identify genes essential for this process and to investigate the molecular basis for the developmental regulation of oil accumulation, mutants producing wrinkled, incompletely filled seeds were isolated. A novel mutant locus, wrinkled1 (wri1), which maps to the bottom of chromosome 3 and causes an 80% reduction in seed oil content, was identified. Wild-type and homozygous wri1 mutant plantlets or mature plants were indistinguishable. However, developing homozygous wri1 seeds were impaired in the incorporation of sucrose and glucose into triacylglycerols, but incorporated pyruvate and acetate at an increased rate. Because the activities of several glycolytic enzymes, in particular hexokinase and pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase, are reduced in developing homozygous wri1 seeds, it is suggested that WRI1 is involved in the developmental regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during seed filling.
Cellular Oxygenation of 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid and 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid by 5-Lipoxygenase Is Stimulated by 5-Lipoxygenase-activating Protein (1998)

It has been proposed that 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)-activating protein (FLAP) is an arachidonate transfer protein for leukotriene biosynthesis. Using the Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells, we demonstrate that FLAP causes a large stimulation (190-fold) of the conversion of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) to 5, 12-diHETE when co-expressed with 5-lipoxygenase. We also demonstrate that FLAP can stimulate (2-2.5-fold) the oxygenation of 15(S)-HETE by 5-LO to 5,15-diHETE. The stimulation of both 12(S)-HETE and 15(S)-HETE oxygenation by 5-LO is completely inhibitable by the FLAP inhibitor, MK-886. In order to determine which residues of FLAP are important for 12(S)-HETE and arachidonic acid utilization by 5-LO, various mutants of FLAP were co-expressed with 5-LO in Sf9 cells. The FLAP deletion mutants del 37-53, del 52-58, del 106-108, and del 148-161 and the point mutant D62N were analyzed. The D62N mutation, which reduces the binding of indole inhibitors to FLAP, had no effect on the stimulation of substrate utilization by 5-LO. In contrast to wild type FLAP, the mutant proteins del 37-53, del 106-108, and del 148-161 failed to stimulate 12(S)-HETE and arachidonic acid utilization by 5-LO. Only one of the latter three mutations (del 37-53) has been shown to abolish the binding of indole inhibitors to FLAP. These results suggest that the lipid binding site of FLAP overlaps the inhibitor binding site and occupies several regions of the protein not essential for inhibitor binding. Because FLAP can stimulate the utilization of 12(S)-HETE, 15(S)-HETE, and arachidonic acid by 5-LO, FLAP may also function as a more general lipid carrier protein for the biosynthesis of multiple oxygenation products of arachidonic acid in addition to its role in leukotriene biosynthesis.
<scp>ARGOS</scp>8 variants generated by <scp>CRISPR</scp>‐Cas9 improve maize grain yield under field drought stress conditions (2016)

Maize ARGOS8 is a negative regulator of ethylene responses. A previous study has shown that transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing ARGOS8 have reduced ethylene sensitivity and improved grain yield under drought stress conditions. To explore the targeted use of ARGOS8 native expression variation in drought-tolerant breeding, a diverse set of over 400 maize inbreds was examined for ARGOS8 mRNA expression, but the expression levels in all lines were less than that created in the original ARGOS8 transgenic events. We then employed a CRISPR-Cas-enabled advanced breeding technology to generate novel variants of ARGOS8. The native maize GOS2 promoter, which confers a moderate level of constitutive expression, was inserted into the 5'-untranslated region of the native ARGOS8 gene or was used to replace the native promoter of ARGOS8. Precise genomic DNA modification at the ARGOS8 locus was verified by PCR and sequencing. The ARGOS8 variants had elevated levels of ARGOS8 transcripts relative to the native allele and these transcripts were detectable in all the tissues tested, which was the expected results using the GOS2 promoter. A field study showed that compared to the WT, the ARGOS8 variants increased grain yield by five bushels per acre under flowering stress conditions and had no yield loss under well-watered conditions. These results demonstrate the utility of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in generating novel allelic variation for breeding drought-tolerant crops.
Data-analytics-based Optical Performance Monitoring Technique for Optical Transport Networks (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate that a convolutional neural network (CNN) can acquire an accurate OSNR estimation functionality from asynchronously sampled data right after intradyne coherent detection, while the feature selection before the CNN can be omitted.
1.55 μ m  GaAs∕GaNAsSb∕GaAs optical waveguides grown by radio frequency nitrogen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2008)

We demonstrate a 1.55μm GaAs∕GaNAsSb∕GaAs optical waveguide grown by molecular beam epitaxy as an alternative to the AlGaAs∕GaAs system. The 0.4-μm-thick GaNAsSb guiding layer contains ∼3.5% of N and 9% of Sb, resulting in optical band gap of 0.88eV. The refractive index of the GaNAsSb layer was measured from 800to1700nm. The GaNAsSb layer has a refractive index value of 3.42 at 1.55μm wavelength. The propagation loss measured using the Fabry–Pérot resonance method was found to be affected by nitrogen-related defect absorption.
In Yeast, the 3′ Untranslated Region or the Presequence of <i>ATM1</i> Is Required for the Exclusive Localization of Its mRNA to the Vicinity of Mitochondria (2000)

We isolated mitochondria from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to selectively study polysomes bound to the mitochondrial surface. The distribution of several mRNAs coding for mitochondrial proteins was examined in free and mitochondrion-bound polysomes. Some mRNAs exclusively localize to mitochondrion-bound polysomes, such as the ones coding for Atm1p, Cox10p, Tim44p, Atp2p, and Cot1p. In contrast, mRNAs encoding Cox6p, Cox5a, Aac1p, and Mir1p are found enriched in free cytoplasmic polysome fractions. Aac1p and Mir1p are transporters that lack cleavable presequences. Sequences required for mRNA asymmetric subcellular distribution were determined by analyzing the localization of reporter mRNAs containing the presequence coding region and/or the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of ATM1, a gene encoding an ABC transporter of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Biochemical analyses of mitochondrion-bound polysomes and direct visualization of RNA localization in living yeast cells allowed us to demonstrate that either the presequence coding region or the 3'UTR of ATM1 is sufficient to allow the reporter mRNA to localize to the vicinity of the mitochondrion, independently of its translation. These data demonstrate that mRNA localization is one of the mechanisms used, in yeast, for segregating mitochondrial proteins.
Resonance Response Criteria of a Damped Three-Layered Beam (1972)

The vibration damping ability of a laminated elastic-viscoelastic-elastic layered simply-supported beam is analytically investigated. The criteria for damping ability of this beam, at resonance, is determined for displacement, velocity, acceleration, and stress. Curves are obtained relating the variation of the four criteria for varying ratios of elastic layer thicknesses and other geometrical and physical properties of the laminated beam.
Femoral fractures in conjunction with total hip replacement (1975)

We reviewed thirty-eight cases, in thirty-six patients, of fracture of the femur distal to the base of the neck incurred in conjunction with total hip replacement. There were thirteen preoperative, eighteen intraoperative, and seven postoperative fractures. The cases were contributed by thirteen surgeons. We found that the preoperative fractures with pre-existing disease in the hip joint were effectively treated by primary total hip replacement using custom-made femoral components with long necks or long stems, or both. The intraoperative femoral fractures usually occurred while the surgeon was reaming the canal, seating the femoral component, or manipulating the femur in patients who were predisposed to fracture. Theoretically these lesions can be treated like preoperative fractures, but this demands immediate access to custom-made femoral components with long necks or long stems, or both, along with an appreciation of the extent and significance of the fracture. Inadequate fixation was found to lead to painful non-union or late loosening of the femoral component in four of eighteen patients. Postoperative fractures occurred too rarely for us to draw any definite conclusions about management, except to say that surgical treatment can be hazardous and traction has been successful in this series and in other reports. Prophylactic measures, however, may help to prevent postoperative femoral fractures. Most of these fractures occur through a cortical defect near the tip of the femoral component. A long-stem femoral component may help to prevent postoperative fractures whenever a proximal cortical defect of the femur is present preoperatively or is created at surgery.
A Toroidal Magnetron (1950)

A rearrangement of the geometry of cavity magnetron oscillators is proposed such that the magnetic field loops around the cathode, whereas waves and electrons travel along it. Application of various magnetron theories to the new geometry leads to the result that the device will oscillate under conditions similar to those for a conventional cavity magnetron. The required magnetic field can be generated by a heavy current passed axially through the cathode.
DiamondHelp: A Collaborative Interface Framework for Networked Home Appliances (2005)

Ordinary people already have great difficulty using the advanced features of digitally-operated household devices, and the problem is getting worse as more customization and programming features are continually being added. This usability problem cannot be solved using only the tiny displays and limited control buttons typically found on home appliances. In this paper we describe how, using home networking to share a larger and more powerful display, we can provide home appliances with a new type of collaborative interface, called DiamondHelp, in which the appliance actively helps the user, especially with complex features that are only occasionally used.
Full‐Color Mesophase Silicate Thin Film Phosphors Incorporated with Rare Earth Ions and Photosensitizers (2007)

Full-color mesophase silicate thin film phosphors incorporated with rare earth ions and photosensitizers exhibit multicolor photoluminescence that covere the whole visible range under UV excitation. The multiple colors can be finely tuned by varying the relative concentrations of the RE trivalent ions and photosensitizers. The mesophase silica thin films have promising applications in display field.
Performance Assessment of an Under Sampling SWC Receiver for Simulated High-Bandwidth GPS/Galileo Signals and Real Signals (2003)

ABSTRACT The paper proposes an overall design and a tracking channel structure for a genuine software correlator (SWC) receiver running on a conventional PC. The distinctive new features of the tracking channel structure are that it runs with sample rates below the Nyquist rate, allows the use of arbitrary code and phase reference tracking functions (e.g. early minus late, Strobe, …) and that it has been can be efficiently implemented on a SSE2 command set supporting processor, like the Intel Pentium IV or the AMD Opteron. The tracking performance in terms of thermal noise and multipath of these tracking channels is described for a BPSK(1), BPSK(10) and BOC(2,2) signal. The processing load on the CPU is analyzed in detail for the code and phase generators and for the correlation process. FFT acquisition and BOC signal tracking is also discussed. By using arbitrary sample rates and the highly optimized correlation code, an efficient real-time SWC receiver can be implemented for all future navigation signals.
Liquid Culture of the Entomogenous Nematode Steinernema feltiae with Its Bacterial Symbiont. (1989)

The insect-parasitic nematode, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev strain 42, was reared in liquid culture along with its bacterial symbiont, Xenorhabdus nematophilus Thomas &Poinar. First-stage juveniles developed into reproducing adults in a maintenance salts medium containing resuspended Xenorhabdus cells and the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus (Hansen) van der Walt or cholesterol. Cultures with media depths greater than 4 mm required aeration. Nematode populations increased as bacterial density increased. An optimal culture system was obtained when the bacteria and nematodes developed in a semidefined medium containing tryptic soy, yeast extract, and cholesterol and were incubated on a rotary shaker at 25 +/- 1 C. Under these conditions, up to 86% of the final population were infective juveniles.
Response of Monodehydroascorbate Reductase in Lettuce Leaves Subjected to Low Temperature Stress (2011)

식물의 저온 적응 메카니즘에서 아스코브산과 관련된 효소 중 MDHA 환원효소의 활성도와 과산화수소, 아스코브산의 함량, mRNA의 발현수준과의 연관성을 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. MDHA 환원효소의 활성도 변화는 저온에 노출되는 시간이 길어질수록 증가하였으며 6시간 이후에 엽록체분획과 세포질분획에서 급격하게 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 실온으로 회복시켰을 때 효소의 활성도가 상대적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 저온에 노출된 동안 아스코브산의 함량은 비교적 일정한 경향을 보이다가 실온으로 회복시키면 그 이후에는 급격하게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반면 저온에 노출되는 동안 급격히 dehydroascorbate 함량이 감소하였다가 실온으로 회복되면 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 아스코브산의 함량과 엽록체분획과 세포질분획의 MDHA 환원효소의 활성도와의 상관관계는 각각 정의 상관(<TEX>$R^2$</TEX>=0.9240, 0.9108)을 나타내었으나 디하이드로아스코브산의 함량과 MDHA 환원효소의 활성도 사이에는 각각 부의 상관(<TEX>$R^2$</TEX>=0.8638, 0.8980)을 나타내었다. MDHA 환원효소 활성도와 과산화수소의 함량과의 상관관계를 과산화수소의 생성량이 증가하면 MDHA 환원효소의 활성도가 증가하는 정의 상관(<TEX>$R^2$</TEX>=0.9443, 0.9647)을 나타내었다. 저온스트레스 처리 시간이 증가할수록 MDHA 환원효소의 mRNA의 발현 수준과 총 MDHA 환원효소의 활성도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. The relationship between MDHA reductase activity and ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, and hydrogen peroxide content was evaluated, and this experiment was conducted to determine the change of MDHA reductase activity and the level of steady-state mRNA abundance of MDHA reductase in lettuce leaves subjected to low temperature stress. MDHA reductase activity of chloroplastic and cytosolic fraction in lettuce leaves subjected to <TEX>$4^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 24 hr increased, followed by a steady decrease during the duration of recovery to <TEX>$20^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 48 hr. The content of ascorbate slowly increased during low temperature treatment, followed by a rapid increase during the duration of recovery to <TEX>$20^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 48 hr, while dehydroascorbate content rapidly decreased. The relationship between MDHA reductase activity of chloroplastic and cytosolic fraction in lettuce leaves subjected to <TEX>$4^{\circ}C$</TEX> and ascorbate content correlated positively (<TEX>$R^2$</TEX>=0.9240, 0.9108, respectively), but MDHA reductase activity of chloroplastic and cytosolic fraction and dehydroascorbate were reversely correlated (<TEX>$R^2$</TEX>=0.8638, 0.8980, respectively). Hydrogen peroxide content and MDHA reductase activity of chloroplastic and cytosolic fraction in lettuce leaves subjected to <TEX>$4^{\circ}C$</TEX> correlated positively (<TEX>$R^2$</TEX>=0.9443, 0.9647, respectively). Northern blot analysis showed that the level of mRNA transcript of MDHA reductase was similar to total activity of MDHA reductase, and also that the level of mRNA of MDHA reductase after recovery to <TEX>$20^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 24 hr decreased.
A study on fatty acid composition of fish oil from two marine fish, Eusphyra blochii and Carcharhinus bleekeri. (2000)

Two species of marine fish found in coastal waters of Karachi (Pakistan) were studied, Eusphyra blochii (Hammer-headed Shark) and Carcharhinus bleekeri (Shark) for their fatty acid composition. The isolation, identification and characterization of these fatty acids were carried out by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and a combination of TLC-GLC technique. A large variation was observed between hammer-headed shark liver oil and shark liver oil. Twenty five individual fatty acids from the oil of marine fish were analyzed among those the palmitic acid was a major saturated fatty acid while stearic acid was the other major constituent. Among unsaturated fatty acids monoenoic e.g. oleic and palmitoleic acids were the major constituents and traces of dienoic and trienoic fatty acids were also found. In addition medicinally important polyunsaturated fatty, acid eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were also identified.
Growth and fabrication of GaN and InxGa1-xN based optoelectronic devices (2008)

In this study, heteroepitaxial growth of III-Nitrides was performed by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique on (0001) Al2O3 substrates to develop GaN and InxGa1-xN based optoelectronic devices. \n\nComprehensive experimental studies on emission and relaxation mechanisms of InxGa1-xN quantum wells (QWs) and InxGa1-xN single layers were performed. The grown films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Hall Effect measurements, photoluminescence measurements (PL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An investigation on the effect of number and width of QWs on PL emission properties of InxGa1-xN single QWs and multi-quantum wells (MQW) was conducted. The experimental results were explained by the developed theoretical bandgap model. The study on the single layer InxGa1-xN films within and beyond critical layer thickness (CLT) demonstrated that thick InxGa1-xN films display simultaneous presence of strained and (partially) relaxed layers. The In incorporation into the lattice was observed to be dependent on the strain state of the film.\n\nThe findings on InxGa1-xN QWs and single layers were implemented in the development of InxGa1-xN based LEDs and photodiodes, respectively. The as-grown samples were fabricated using conventional lithography techniques into various optoelectronic devices including long wavelength LEDs, dichromatic monolithic white LEDs, and p-i-n photodiodes.\n\nEmission from InxGa1-xN&#8260;GaN MQW LEDs at wavelengths as long as 625nm was demonstrated. This is one of the longest peak emission wavelengths reported for MOCVD grown InxGa1-xN MQW structures. Dichromatic white emission in LEDs was realized by utilizing two InGaN MQW active regions emitting at complementary wavelengths. \n\nInGaN p-i-n photodiodes operating at various regions of the visible spectrum tailored by the i-layer properties were developed. This was achieved by the novel approach of employing InxGa1-xN in all layers of the p-i-n photodiodes, enabling nearly-lattice matched growth. The photodiodes displayed zero-bias responsivity values as high as 0.037A&#8260;W, and the peak responsivity wavelength of the photodiodes ranged between 416nm and 466nm. To the author's best knowledge, the latter value remains the longest peak detection wavelength among InxGa1-xN based p-i-n photodiodes.
Blind image quality assessment for multiply distorted images via convolutional neural networks (2016)

The past decade has witnessed a growing development of Image Quality Assessment (IQA) techniques. However, the researches of IQA with multiple distortion types are still limited especially on blind image quality assessment methods. In this paper, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based method is proposed to predict the quality of multiply distorted images without references. Inspired by the early human visual model, the proposed CNN based method combines feature learning and regression for estimating the quality of multiply distorted images. The proposed network consists of one convolutional layer, one pooling layer with max and average pooling, two full connection layers and one softmax classification layer. With this network structure, the relationship between the accuracy of CNN and the prediction monotonicity of IQA is explored. Experimental results on the newly released LIVE multiply distorted image quality database verify the effectiveness of the proposed CNN based method.