gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possibilities of Using Speech Recognition Systems of Smart Terminal Devices in Traffic Environment (2014)

The ability to recognize human speech has always been an area of interest of people primarily because of the large range of applications in almost every segment of society. The development of science and technology made visible improvements in the capabilities and the quality of recognition of the human voice/speech using some kind of terminal devices. Speech recognition enables devices to adapt voice information in understandable form, which means complete identification and understanding of information. The primary purpose of recognizing of human speech is the ability to customize information (which are intended to people) for using with devices. The aim of voice recognition systems is to provide links and ease of communication between the device and the man and the development of further possible applications. Given the current trends in the use of smart terminal devices and technical and technological opportunities that they offer, it is inevitable to study the potential of these devices in the area of human voice recognition. The purpose of the paper is to show the possibilities of human voice recognition using smart terminal devices. Furthermore, all of this will be analyzed primarily in the transport(car) environment with emphasis on the potential advantages and disadvantages of such tools and principles.
Measuring Carbon Monoxide Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in a Stirred Tank Reactor for Syngas Fermentation (2006)

Carbon monoxide-liquid mass transfer rates in a water-filled stirred tank reactor are determined using a myoglobin protein method to measure dissolved carbon monoxide concentrations as a function of time. Data are acquired over a range of stirrer speeds (200 < or = N < or = 600 rpm) and gas flow rates (1 < or = Q < or = 6 L/min), corresponding to a gas retention time range of 1.2-7 min. Volumetric CO-water mass transfer coefficients range from 0.003 to 0.043 s(-1) and are well-correlated using the power density and the superficial gas velocity.
The generation of an array of nondiffracting beams by a single composite computer generated hologram (2004)

Nondiffracting beams have generated great interest recently owing to their potential applications and unique properties. In this paper, we propose and validate a simple and effective method to generate arrays of various nondiffracting modes using a composite computer-generated hologram, which comprises N × N holograms each generating an individual nondiffracting beam. Employing the composite hologram approach, we can modulate individual nondiffracting beam in an array by varying the location, dimension, and phase information coded on each hologram. We experimentally generated regular arrays of Bessel beams, customized-shaped arrays of Bessel beams, and arrays of self-imaged optical bottle beams. The interference among the beams in the arrays was found to be weak within the nondiffracting distance.
A Robust and Engineerable Self-Assembling Protein Template for the Synthesis and Patterning of Ordered Nanoparticle Arrays (2004)

Self-assembling biomolecules that form highly ordered structures have attracted interest as potential alternatives to conventional lithographic processes for patterning materials. Here we introduce a general technique for patterning materials on the nanoscale using genetically modified protein cage structures called chaperonins that self-assemble into crystalline templates. Constrained chemical synthesis of transition metal nanoparticles is specific to templates genetically functionalized with poly-Histidine sequences. These arrays of materials are ordered by the nanoscale structure of the crystallized protein. This system may be easily adapted to pattern a variety of materials given the rapidly growing list of peptide sequences selected by screening for specificity for inorganic materials.
Continuous Synthesis Process of Hexagonal Nanoplates of <i>P</i>6<i>m</i> Ordered Mesoporous Silica (2011)

Hexagonally ordered mesoporous silica coined COK-12 was synthesized in a continuous process by combining streams of sodium silicate and citric acid/sodium citrate buffered solution of (ethylene oxide)(20)-(propylene oxide)(70)-(ethylene oxide)(20) triblock copolymer (Pluronic P123) from separate reservoirs. COK-12 precipitated spontaneously upon combining both streams at nearly neutral pH and ambient temperature. Stable intermediates of the COK-12 formation process could be prepared by limiting sodium silicate addition. Investigation of these intermediates using small-angle X-ray scattering revealed COK-12 formed via an assembly process departing from spherical uncharged core-shell P123-silica micelles. The sterical stabilization of these micelles decreased upon accumulation of silicate oligomers in their shell. Aggregation of the spherical micelles led to cylindrical micelles, which aligned and adopted the final hexagonal organization. This unprecedentedly fast formation of P6m ordered mesoporous silica was caused by two factors in the synthesis medium: the neutral pH favoring uncharged silicate oligomers and the high salt concentration promoting hydrophobic interactions with surfactant micelles leading to silica accumulation in the PEO shell. The easy continuous synthesis process is convenient for large-scale production. The platelet particle morphology with short and identical internal channels will be advantageous for many applications such as pore replication, nanotube or fiber growth, catalytic functionalization, drug delivery, film and sensor development, and in nano dyes as well as for investigation of pore diffusion phenomena.
Magnetic interface states and finite-size effects (1991)

Studies of the formation of a nonmagnetic/magnetic silver/iron interface by spin-polarized photoemission identify magnetic interface states showing discrete binding energies dependent on the number of atomic layers in the overlayer. The results for one layer of silver on iron are in good agreement with a full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave calculation and tight-binding modeling allows us to reproduce qualitatively the layer-dependent binding energies for one, two, and three layers of silver on iron. The interface states appear to be related to a minority surface resonance on the iron surface.
Hospital Infection Control in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients (2001)

Guidelines for Preventing Opportunistic Infections Among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients contains a section on hospital infection control including evidence-based recommendations regarding ventilation, construction, equipment, plants, play areas and toys, health-care workers, visitors, patient skin and oral care, catheter-related infections, drug-resistant organisms, and specific nosocomial infections. These guidelines are intended to reduce the number and severity of hospital infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
Lipopolysaccharide O-antigen expression and the effect of its absence on virulence in rfb mutants of Vibrio cholerae O1 (1998)

Using defined rfb mutants, defective in the biosynthesis of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the A, B and C LPS antigens, we have examined the distribution of the antigens and the effects of their loss. By immunogold electron microscopy, it has been possible to determine the relative amounts of the A, B and C antigens on Inaba and Ogawa cells, confirming previous studies based upon bacterial agglutination and hemagglutination inhibitions. These antigens are absent from rfb::Tn mutants selected as resistant to phages which have been shown to use the O-antigen as their receptor. These mutants were severely attenuated as measured by both LD50 and their ability to compete with the wild-type parents when analyzed in the infant mouse cholera model. These mutants were unchanged in the export of cholera toxin or other secreted proteins but revealed an altered outer membrane protein profile. The competition defect suggested an effect on TCP (toxin-coregulated pilus). An analysis of the rfb::Tn mutants revealed that they were unable to assemble TCP on their surface, but the major subunit, TcpA, could be found as an intracellular pool. These mutants could be complemented back to wild-type using the cloned rfb region, implying that functional TCP assembly is dependent upon an intact LPS.
Polyion complex fiber and capsule formed by self-assembly of chitosan and gellan at solution interfaces (2000)

Different characteristic surface structures such as spheres and hemispheres, honeycomb, regularly spaced droplets and fibers are formed by electrostatic polysaccharide interaction between chitosan and gellan gum via polyion complex (PIC) formation. Spherical droplet-like PIC capsules of varying diameter form in solution. Some dyes adsorb on the surface of the capsules, while other dyes and benzoic acid penetrate into the capsules. The PIC fiber is spinnable by gravity and wet spinning in ethanol. This fiber possesses a counterion pairing structure and exhibits a nervation/veining pattern or a hollow yarn pattern. The tensile strength of the fiber is 18.4 kg/mm2 (2.42 g/denier) and the knotting strength is 3.0 kg/mm2 (0.40 g/d). By reaction with an organic cross-linking agent, e. g., hexamethylene diisocyanate, the tensile and knotting strengths of the fiber increased to 36.0 kg/mm2 (3.99 g/d) and 9.2 kg/mm2 (1.07 g/d), respectively. The PIC fiber can be dyed by different dyeing procedures such as direct and vat dyeing.
Myositis-specific autoantibodies: detection and clinical associations (2011)

In recent years, the detection and characterization of (novel) autoantibodies is becoming increasingly important for the early diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM, also indicated with myositis) are a group of systemic autoimmune disorders that involve inflammation and weakness of skeletal muscles. One of the hallmarks is the infiltration of inflammatory cells in muscle tissues. A number of myositis-specific autoantibodies have been identified and these may be associated with distinct IIM subclasses and clinical symptoms. Here, we review all myositis-specific autoantibodies identified today as well as their target proteins, together with their clinical associations in IIM patients. Post-translational modifications that might be associated with the generation of autoantibodies and the development of the disease are discussed as well. In addition, we describe well established autoantibody detection techniques that are currently being used in diagnostic laboratories, as well as novel multiplexed methods. The latter techniques provide great opportunities for the simultaneous detection of distinct autoantibodies, but may also contribute to the identification of novel autoantibody profiles, which may have additional diagnostic and prognostic value. The ongoing characterization of novel autoantibody specificities emphasizes the complexity of processes involved in the development of such autoimmune diseases.
Circulating Heat Shock Protein 60 Is Associated With Early Cardiovascular Disease (2000)

The phylogenetically conserved nature of heat shock proteins (Hsp) has led to the proposition that they may provide a link between infection and the inflammatory component to vascular disease. Hypertension is associated with atherosclerosis. Here, we measured circulating heat shock protein and heat shock protein antibody levels in association with borderline hypertension. Seventy-two men with borderline hypertension patients and 75 normotensive control subjects (diastolic blood pressure 85 to 94 and <80 mm Hg, respectively) were selected from a population-screening program. The levels of Hsp60; Hsp70; and anti-human Hsp60, anti-human Hsp70, and anti-mycobacterial Hsp65 antibodies were determined with enzyme immunoassay. The presence of carotid atherosclerosis and the intima-media thickness values were determined with ultrasonography. A major novel observation in this report was the detection of circulating Hsp60, which was present at a significantly enhanced level in patients with borderline hypertension. Furthermore, serum Hsp60 was associated with intima-media thicknesses (P<0.01). Anti-Hsp65 antibody levels were higher in borderline hypertension (P<0.001), whereas Hsp70 and anti-Hsp70 antibody levels did not differ. In contrast to anti-Hsp65 antibody, anti-Hsp60 antibody levels were lower in borderline hypertension (P<0.03), although the difference was quantitatively small. None of the parameters evaluated were associated with atherosclerosis, metabolic factors, or smoking. We identified elevated Hsp60 levels in patients with borderline hypertension and an association between early atherosclerosis and Hsp60 levels. The physiological role of Hsp60 release has yet to be defined, but given the proinflammatory properties, these proteins could be involved in the induction/progression of both hypertension and atherosclerosis, as well as being markers for early cardiovascular disease.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) : review (2008)

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are defined as occurring in patients who have no association with the healthcare setting. CA-MRSA has emerged as a common cause of community infections in the US and are distinct from MRSA strains classically associated with healthcare-associated infections from genotypic and phenotypic perspectives. They are frequently susceptible to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials, express the SCCmec type IV or V gene and contain the Panton-Valentine leukocidin virulence factor. They most commonly cause mild skin infections, but have been associated with severe soft tissue infection and with necrotising pneumonia.
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (1996)

There is no specific treatment to reduce glomerular IgA deposition in IgA nephropathy. The available controlled trials are restricted to patients with proteinuria and progressive renal failure where mechanisms of injury are common to other chronic glomerular diseases. Control of blood pressure is vital, but there is no conclusive evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are the agents of choice. Fish oil appears to be beneficial, but the available trial data are not entirely consistent. Immunosuppressive regimens based on corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents may be beneficial, but there is concern over long-term toxicity. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms may identify cohorts who are at special risk of progressive renal failure for recruitment into future trials.
Scaling Behavior and Cluster Fractal Dimension Determined by Light Scattering from Aggregating Proteins (1984)

The size distribution ${n}_{i}(t)$ for systems with Smoluchowski aggregation kinetics is shown to have the dynamic scaling form ${n}_{i}(t)\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\theta}}g(\frac{1}{{t}^{z}})$, with $\ensuremath{\theta}=2$ and $z=1$. This gives a light-scattering intensity $〈I〉\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{z}$, and an effective hydrodynamic cluster radius $〈R〉\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{\frac{z}{D}}$, where $D$ is the cluster fractal dimension. We find that human immunoglobulin (IgG) monomers exhibit Smoluchowski aggregation kinetics with $z=1$, and $D=2.56\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$, upon heating to 47-62\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C.
Understanding photowork (2006)

In this paper we introduce the notion of "photowork" as the activities people perform with their digital photos after cap-ture but prior to end use such as sharing. Surprisingly, these processes of reviewing, downloading, organizing, editing, sorting and filing have received little attention in the litera-ture yet they form the context for a large amount of the 'search' and 'browse' activities so commonly referred to in studies of digital photo software. Through a deeper under-standing of photowork using field observation and inter-views, we seek to highlight its significance as an interaction practice. At the same time, we discover how "search" as it is usually defined may have much less relevance than new ways of browsing for the design of new digital photo tools, in particular, browsing in support of the photowork activi-ties we describe.
Capacitive Tactile Sensor with Concentric-Shape Electrodes for Three-Axial Force Measurement (2018)

In this paper, a novel capacitive tactile sensing device has proposed and demonstrated to solve coupling problem within the normal force and shear force by the unique design of electrode shape. In addition, the tactile sensor was added in the measuring capability of torsion sensing compared with traditional capacitive sensor. The perceptive unit of tactile sensor, which was consist of five sensing electrodes to detect three-axial force. The complete tactile sensor composed of a top electrode, a bottom electrode, and a spacer layer. Each capacitive sensing unit comprised a pair of the concentric-shape but different size electrodes (top electrode and bottom electrode). In the future, the proposed tactile sensor can be utilized in the wearable devices, flexible interface, and bionic robotic skins.
EZH2 is crucial for both differentiation of regulatory T cells and T effector cell expansion (2015)

The roles of EZH2 in various subsets of CD4(+) T cells are controversial and its mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. FOXP3-positive Treg cells are a critical helper T cell subset, and dysregulation of Treg generation or function results in systemic autoimmunity. FOXP3 associates with EZH2 to mediate gene repression and suppressive function. Herein, we demonstrate that deletion of Ezh2 in CD4 T cells resulted in reduced numbers of Treg cells in vivo and differentiation in vitro and an increased proportion of memory CD4 T cells in part due to exaggerated production of effector cytokines. Furthermore, we found that both Ezh2-deficient Treg cells and T effector cells were functionally impaired in vivo: Tregs failed to constrain autoimmune colitis and T effector cells neither provided a protective response to T. gondii infection nor mediated autoimmune colitis. The dichotomous function of EZH2 in regulating differentiation and senescence in effector and regulatory T cells helps to explain the apparent existing contradictions in literature.
Optimization and purification of alkaline proteases produced by marine Bacillus sp. MIG newly isolated from eastern harbour of Alexandria. (2006)

A marine Bacillus strain was isolated from the eastern harbour of Alexandria and identified as Bacillus sp. MIG. Maximum activity of studied proteases was obtained when the bacterium was grown in medium with 1% wheat bran and 0.5% yeast extract in addition to the mineral salts and incubated for 48 h at 30 degrees C and 120 rpm. Two alkaline proteases (Pro 1 and Pro 2) were purified to homogeneity using cation exchange chromatography on CM-Sepharose CL-6B followed by Sephadex G-75 superfine. The optimum activities were at pH 11 or 12, and temperatures of 50 and 55 degrees C for Pro 1 and Pro 2 respectively. These two enzymes were relatively stable over pH range from 7.0- 11. Pro 2 was found to be more stable at 50 degrees C in absence of Ca2+ and retained about 47% of its activity after 3 h at this temperature, while Pro 1 lost its activity completely at the same conditions. The two enzymes were active against haemoglobin and casein; in addition, Pro 2 exhibited moderate activity against keratin. Both enzymes were partially inhibited by Ag+ and Hg2+. PMSF completely inhibited the enzymes, while dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol stimulated their activities, suggesting to be thiol-dependent serine proteases. The enzymes were stable in the presence of the surfactants and bleaching agent (H2O2) and relatively stable in presence of some commercial detergents.
The malignant phenotype and cysteine proteinases. (1991)

Expression, membrane association and secretion of both cathepsin B and cathepsin L have been associated with the malignant phenotype of murine B16 melanomas. Only native forms of the two enzymes were found in the lysosomal fractions, whereas both native and latent forms were found in the membrane fractions. Brief exposure to acid pH induced secretion of only native forms of both cathepsin B and cathepsin L and a concomitant reduction in membrane-associated activities. Thus, the pericellular acidification associated with malignant tumors may provide optimal conditions for proteolysis by the cysteine proteinases in terms of their enhanced stability and their induced release in native forms not requiring proteolytic activation.
Control of lithography in semiconductor manufacturing (2006)

Lithography is important in semiconductor manufacturing because it affects both the performance and yield of the devices in each wafer. The formation of a layer in lithography equipment involves a series of steps, each of which requires process control, namely, surface preparation, spin coat, soft bake, alignment and exposure, post-exposure bake, resist development, after-development inspection, resist removal, and final inspection. Lithography process control must address both chemical and mechanical aspects. In addition, the correct alignment of each layer must be obtained with respect to the previous layer and the overall alignment of the device. Advanced process control is used in various steps in lithography. For example, alignment and exposure may require multivariable model predictive control of a 10 times 10 system. Factory control of lithography equipment in a multiprocess/multiproduct environment requires special modifications for data handling and control since each tool has slightly different operating characteristics
Monolithic Integration of Silicon-, Germanium-, and Silica-Based Optical Devices for Telecommunications Applications (2010)

This paper presents our recent progress with the integration of silicon (Si) photonic devices for optical telecommunications. To integrate Si wire waveguides, germanium (Ge) photodetectors (PDs) and silica waveguides, we have developed processes for the selective epitaxial growth of Ge on a Si waveguide core and for the low-temperature deposition of silica waveguide film and introduced spot size converters (SSCs) for coupling Si-wire and silica waveguide with low loss. Using these processes and SSCs, we have managed to monolithically integrate Si variable optical attenuators (VOAs) and Ge PDs, and Si VOAs and a silica arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). In the integrated VOA-PD, the Ge PD accurately detects the attenuation of light power in the Si VOA. The 3-dB cutoff frequency in VOA-PD synchronous operation is around 100 MHz, which is limited by the VOA. The integrated VOA-AWG provides high-speed power-level adjustment independently in every channel of the AWG with a response time of 15 ns. These integrated Si photonics devices exhibit sufficient performance for application to future telecommunications systems that combine WDM and burst-mode packets.
Delivery of subunit influenza vaccine to skin with microneedles improves immunogenicity and long-lived protection (2012)

Influenza infection represents a major socio-economic burden worldwide. Novel delivery methods can render influenza vaccination easier and more acceptable by the public, and importantly confer protection equal or superior to that induced by conventional systemic administration. An attractive target for vaccine delivery is the skin. Recent studies have demonstrated improved immune responses after transdermal delivery of inactivated influenza virus with microneedle patches. Here we show that immunization with a licensed influenza subunit vaccine coated on metal microneedles can activate both humoral and cellular arms of the immune response and confer improved long-term protection in the mouse model when compared to the conventional systemic route of delivery. These results demonstrate the promising potential of microneedle delivery of licensed influenza subunit vaccines, that could be beneficial in increasing vaccine coverage and protection and reducing influenza-related mortality worldwide.