gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protodyne: an immunostimulatory protein component, prepared from gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. (1992)

A protein component derived from bacterial protoplasm, called Protodyne, increases the non-specific resistance to infections by bacteria and viruses. Here we show that Protodyne can be prepared not only from Gram-negative bacteria, but also from Gram-positive bacilli. Several preparations of Protodyne, prepared from Bacillus subtilis by phenol extraction or by ammonium sulfate precipitation, were evaluated for immunomodulatory activities in a variety of assays. Protodyne had a marked mitogenic activity on mouse spleen cells; it was a potent inducer of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and stimulated production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; it increased the capacity of activated macrophages to undergo a respiratory burst, to produce intracellular killing of leishmanial parasite and extracellular lysis of mastocytoma cells; it also stimulated phagocytosis of latex particles, and prolonged survival of immunosuppressed mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These activities were not inhibited by polymyxin B, indicating that the activity of Protodyne is not the result of contamination with exogenous lipopolysaccharide. It appears that Protodyne exerts its many immunomodulatory actions by inducing the release of soluble mediators, including TNF and IL-1.
Using ASP-Based Message Encryption Project To Teach Information Security Concepts (2002)

Information security has emerged as one of the most important subjects of information system (MIS) majors. This paper describes the use of a message encryption project based on Microsoft Active Pages (ASP) that encourages MIS students to explore some of the technical aspects of information security in some depth. This project served as a valuable pedagogical tool. Students having only limited programming and database experience benefited significantly from this course.
Chitin Binding Protein (CBP21) in the Culture Supernatant of<i>Serratia marcescens</i>2170 (1998)

A chitin binding protein (CBP21) 21 kDa in size, is a major protein in the culture supernatant when Serratia marcescens 2170 is grown in the presence of chitin. The gene (cbp) for CBP21 was found to be located in a region 1.5 kb downstream of the chiB gene encoding chitinase B. The cbp gene encodes a polypeptide of 197 amino acids with a calculated size of 21.6 kDa containing a putative signal sequence of 27 amino acids. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the deduced polypeptide with that of other proteins showed that CBP21 is similar (45.3% amino acid identity) to CHB1 of Streptomyces olivaceoviridis. Purified CBP21 prepared from the periplasmic fraction of Escherichia coli carrying the cloned cbp gene showed its highest binding activity to squid chitin (beta-chitin) followed by colloidal chitin and regenerated chitin. Binding of CBP21 to regenerated chitin was affected by pH, in particular, low pH reduced binding activity markedly. The presence of similar chitin binding proteins in the distantly related microorganisms, Streptomyces and Serratia, suggests a wide distribution of this type of chitin binding protein in chitinolytic microorganisms.
Industrialization in Hog Production: Implications for Midwest Agriculture (1996)

Animal industry; Middle West; Agriculture
Uluburun Yazı-tahtası Takımı (1996)

U luburun yakınındaki Geç
Analytical stability conditions for elastic composite materials with a non-positive-definite phase (2012)

Elastic multi-phase materials with a phase having appropriately tuned non-positive-definite elastic moduli have been shown theoretically to permit extreme increases in multiple desirable material properties. Stability analyses of such composites were only recently initiated. Here, we provide a thorough stability analysis for general composites when one phase violates positive-definiteness. We first investigate the dynamic deformation modes leading to instability in the fundamental two-phase solids of a coated cylinder (two dimensions) and a coated sphere (three dimensions), from which we derive closed-form analytical sufficient stability conditions for the full range of coating thicknesses. Next, we apply the energy method to derive a general correlation between composite stability limit and composite bulk modulus that enables determination of closed-form analytical sufficient stability conditions for arbitrary multi-phase materials by employing effective modulus formulas coupled with a numerical finite-element stability analysis. We demonstrate and confirm this new approach by applying it to (i) the two basic two-phase solids already analysed dynamically; and (ii) a more geometrically complex matrix/distributed-inclusions composite. The specific new analytical stability results, and new methods presented, provide a basis for creation of novel, stable composite materials.
Immune anaemias in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab – incidence and predictors (2007)

Immune anaemias (IA) [auto-immune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA)] are complications of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Fludarabine has been associated with AIHA, whereas both rituximab and cyclophosphamide have been used to treat this condition. Combining these agents with fludarabine may reduce the likelihood of AIHA. We report on the incidence, outcome and pretreatment predictors of IA in 300 patients treated with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR). Nineteen patients (6.5%) developed IA [AIHA (5.8%), PRCA (0.7%)] on or after treatment with FCR. Most patients (82.4%) with AIHA had a negative direct antiglobulin test (DAT). Additional markers of haemolysis (indirect hyperbilirubinaemia, reticulocytosis, low haptoglobin and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels) confirmed the presence of AIHA in these patients. The majority of patients responded to therapies including steroids, ciclosporin, i.v. immunoglobulin, etc. High pretreatment levels of beta-2 microglobulin predicted for development of IA. No haemolytic crisis was observed during FCR therapy in eight patients with AIHA prior to FCR. Thus, the incidence of IA among CLL patients treated with FCR was comparable with historical rates. The diagnosis of AIHA can be considered even if the DAT is negative. Pre-existing AIHA need not preclude front-line FCR therapy.
1‐Methyl‐4‐(2′‐Ethylphenyl)‐1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridine‐ Induced Toxicity in PC12 Cells Is Enhanced by Preventing Glycolysis (1992)

The effects of 1-methyl-4-(2'-ethylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'Et-MPTP), 1-methyl-4-(2'-ethylphenyl)pyridinium (2'Et-MPP+), and the classic complex 1 inhibitor, rotenone, on toxicity as well as on rates of glucose use and lactate production were studied using the pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line. PC12 cells are neoplastic in nature and have a high rate of glycolysis accompanied by a large production of lactate and a low use of glucose carbon through the Krebs cycle. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and analogues such as 2'Et-MPP+ are actively accumulated by mitochondrial preparations in vitro and block NADH dehydrogenase of complex 1. This blockade results in biochemical sequelae that are ultimately cytotoxic. In this study, untreated PC12 cells used glucose and concomitantly accumulated lactate in a time-dependent manner at all concentrations of glucose studied. Treatment with 50 microM 2'Et-MPP+ or 50 nM rotenone increased both rates significantly, indicating a shift toward increased glycolysis. Cell death caused by the neurotoxins was also time and concentration dependent and markedly enhanced by glucose depletion in the medium. The increase in 2'Et-MPTP-induced toxicity in low glucose-supplemented cells was not due to an increase in pyridinium formation from the tetrahydropyridine, but rather to the lack of glucose for glycolysis. Moreover, inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose or iodoacetic acid also enhanced the lethality of the neurotoxins to the cells. The data in this study provide additional support to the hypothesis that 2'Et-MPP+ or related analogues act to kill cells by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Omni-Scale Feature Learning for Person Re-Identification (2019)

As an instance-level recognition problem, person re-identification (ReID) relies on discriminative features, which not only capture different spatial scales but also encapsulate an arbitrary combination of multiple scales. We call features of both homogeneous and heterogeneous scales omni-scale features. In this paper, a novel deep ReID CNN is designed, termed Omni-Scale Network (OSNet), for omni-scale feature learning. This is achieved by designing a residual block composed of multiple convolutional streams, each detecting features at a certain scale. Importantly, a novel unified aggregation gate is introduced to dynamically fuse multi-scale features with input-dependent channel-wise weights. To efficiently learn spatial-channel correlations and avoid overfitting, the building block uses pointwise and depthwise convolutions. By stacking such block layer-by-layer, our OSNet is extremely lightweight and can be trained from scratch on existing ReID benchmarks. Despite its small model size, OSNet achieves state-of-the-art performance on six person ReID datasets, outperforming most large-sized models, often by a clear margin. Code and models are available at: \url{https://github.com/KaiyangZhou/deep-person-reid}.
Malicious web page detection based on on-line learning algorithm (2011)

The Internet has become an indispensable tool in peoples' daily life. It also bring us serious computer security problem. One big security threat comes from malicious webpages. In this paper we study how to detect malicious pages. Since malicious webpages are generated inconstantly, we use on line learning methods to detect malicious webpages. To keep the client side as safe as possible, we do not download the webpages, and analysis webpages' content. We only use URL information to determine if the URL links to a malicious pages. The feature selection methods for URL are discussed, and the performances of different on line learning methods are compared. To improve the performance of on line learning classifiers, an improved on line learning method is proposed, experiments show that this method is effective.
A Variable-Impedance Prosthetic Socket for a Transtibial Amputee Designed from Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data (2013)

This article evaluates the design of a variable impedance prosthetic (VIPr) socket for a transtibial amputee using computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) processes. Compliant features are seamlessly integrated into a three-dimensional printed socket to achieve lower interface peak pressures over bony protuberances by using biomechanical data acquired through surface scanning and magnetic resonance imaging techniques. An inverse linear mathematical transformation spatially maps quantitative measurements (bone tissue depth) of the human residual limb to the corresponding prosthetic socket impedance characteristics. The CAD/CAM VIPr socket is compared with a state-of-the-art prosthetic socket of similar internal geometry and shape designed by a prosthetist using conventional methods. An active bilateral transtibial male amputee of weight 70 kg walked on a force plate–embedded 5-m walkway at self-selected speeds while synchronized ground reaction forces, motion capture data, and socket-residual limb interface pressures were measured for the evaluated sockets. Contact interface pressure recorded (using Teksan F-Socket™ pressure sensors) during the stance phase of several completed gait cycles indicated a 15% and 17% reduction at toe-off and heelstrike, respectively, at the fibula head region while the subject used a VIPr socket in comparison with a conventional socket of similar internal shape. A corresponding 7% and 8% reduction in pressure was observed along the tibia. Similar trends of high-pressure reductions were observed during quiet single-leg standing with the VIPr socket in comparison with the conventional socket. These results underscore the possible benefits of spatially varying socket wall impedance based upon the soft tissue characteristics of the underlying residual limb anatomy.
AML1/Runx1 rescues Notch1-null mutation-induced deficiency of para-aortic splanchnopleural hematopoiesis (2006)

The Notch1-RBP-Jkappa and the transcription factor Runx1 pathways have been independently shown to be indispensable for the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis. Importantly, expression of Runx1 is down-regulated in the para-aortic splanchnopleural (P-Sp) region of Notch1- and Rbpsuh-null mice. Here we demonstrate that Notch1 up-regulates Runx1 expression and that the defective hematopoietic potential of Notch1-null P-Sp cells is successfully rescued in the OP9 culture system by retroviral transfer of Runx1. We also show that Hes1, a known effector of Notch signaling, potentiates Runx1-mediated transactivation. Together with the recent findings in zebrafish, Runx1 is postulated to be a cardinal down-stream mediator of Notch signaling in hematopoietic development throughout vertebrates. Our findings also suggest that Notch signaling may modulate both expression and transcriptional activity of Runx1.
Spatial Resolution Analysis of a Variable Resolution X-ray Cone-beam Computed Tomography System (2009)

A new cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system is designed and implemented that can adaptively provide high resolution CT images for objects of different sizes. The new system, called Variable Resolution X-ray Cone-beam CT (VRX-CBCT) uses a CsI-based amorphous silicon flat panel detector (FPD) that can tilt about its horizontal (u) axis and vertical (v) axis independently. The detector angulation improves the spatial resolution of the CT images by changing the effective size of each detector cell. Two components of spatial resolution of the system, namely the transverse and axial modulation transfer functions (MTF), are analyzed in three different situations: (1) when the FPD is tilted only about its vertical axis (v), (2) when the FPD is tilted only about its horizontal axis (u), and (3) when the FPD is tilted isotropically about both its vertical and horizontal axes. Custom calibration and MTF phantoms were designed and used to calibrate and measure the spatial resolution of the system for each case described above. A new 3D reconstruction algorithm was developed and tested for the VRX-CBCT system, which combined with a novel 3D reconstruction algorithm, has improved the overall resolution of the system compared to an FDK-based algorithm.
Human Serum Adiponectin Levels are not Under Short-Term Negative Control by Free Fatty Acids<i>in Vivo</i> (2002)

Plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated when adipose tissue expands and adipocytes become refractory to inhibition of lipolysis by insulin. FFAs have been known for years to have multiple effects on peripheral tissues such as glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis inhibition in skeletal muscle, hepatic gluconeogenesis stimulation, and insulin clearance impairment, altogether favoring whole body insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and finally type 2 diabetes mellitus. Besides these metabolic effects, FFAs seem to be able to regulate adipocytokine gene expression. FFAs were shown to repress the expression of the recently discovered adipocyte hormone resistin in an insulin-resistant rat model [1]. In in vitro differentiated adipocytes, FFAs also downregulated the expression of leptin, the most important central regulator of energy expenditure and food intake known to date [2]. This effect of FFAs on gene expression might be mediated by direct activation of specific fatty acid-regulated transcription factors (for review, see [3]).
The GREHDA Project: Galileo Software Receiver for High Dynamic Applications (2007)

The GREHDA project (GALILEO Software Receiver for High Dynamic Applications) is funded by the Galileo Joint Undertaking under the 6th Framework Program, and addresses the design of Galileo receivers for space applications with limited financial and engineering budgets. The project objectives are: to design, develop and validate highdynamics tracking and acquisition algorithms by means of dedicated simulation tools; to propose a conceptual design of the receiver basic hardware and software platforms; to define a flight technology validation experiment to test such algorithms in the real environment.
The Emerging Role of HP1 in the DNA Damage Response (2009)

Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family members are versatile proteins involved in transcription, chromatin organization, and replication. Recent findings now have implicated HP1 proteins in the DNA damage response as well. Cell-biological approaches showed that reducing the levels of all three HP1 isoforms enhances DNA repair, possibly due to heterochromatin relaxation. Additionally, HP1 is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage, which was suggested to initiate the DNA damage response. These findings have led to the conclusion that heterochromatic proteins are inhibitory to repair and that their dissociation from heterochromatin may facilitate repair. In contrast with an inhibitory role, a more active role for HP1 in DNA repair also was proposed based on the finding that all HP1 isoforms are recruited to UV-induced lesions, oxidative lesions, and DNA breaks. The loss of HP1 renders nematodes highly sensitive to DNA damage, and mice lacking HP1beta suffer from genomic instability, suggesting that the loss of HP1 is not necessarily beneficial for repair. These findings raise the possibility that HP1 facilitates DNA repair by reorganizing chromatin, which may involve interactions between phosphorylated HP1 and other DNA damage response proteins. Taken together, these studies illustrate an emerging role of HP1 proteins in the response to genotoxic stress.
Local search heuristic for k-median and facility location problems (2001)

In this paper, we analyze local search heuristics for the k-median and facility location problems. We define the {\em locality gap\/} of a local search procedure as the maximum ratio of a locally optimum solution (obtained using this procedure) to the global optimum. For k-median, we show that local search with swaps has a locality gap of exactly 5. When we permit p facilities to be swapped simultaneously then the locality gap of the local search procedure is exactly 3+2/p. This is the first analysis of local search for k-median that provides a bounded performance guarantee with only k medians. This also improves the previous known 4 approximation for this problem. For Uncapacitated facility location, we show that local search, which permits adding, dropping and swapping a facility, has a locality gap of exactly 3. This improves the 5 bound of Korupolu et al. We also consider a capacitated facility location problem where each facilitym has a capacity and we are allowed to open multiple copies of a facility. For this problem we introduce a new operation which opens one or more copies of a facility and drops zero or more facilities. We prove that local search which permits this new operation has a locality gap between 3 and 4.
Nested Arrays in Two Dimensions, Part II: Application in Two Dimensional Array Processing (2012)

This paper explores the practical application of a new class of two dimensional arrays, namely, the two dimensional nested arrays, in array processing problems like two dimensional direction of arrival estimation. Nested arrays constitute a class of two dimensional arrays with physical sensors on lattice(s), whose difference co-array gives rise to a virtual two dimensional array with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</i> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MN</i> ) elements, although the number of physical sensors used is <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> + <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> . The structure of the two dimensional nested array was proposed in a companion paper and several issues related to the geometrical orientation of the difference co-array in the two dimensional space were addressed. In this paper, the practical aspects of the application of the nested array in two dimensional array processing are considered, which can enable us to exploit the increased degrees of freedom offered by the co-array. Under the constraint of a fixed total number of physical sensors, the optimal structure of the 2D nested array is solved which maximizes the number of elements in the virtual co-array. This provides closed form expressions for the sensor locations and the exact degrees of freedom obtainable from the proposed array as a function of the total number of sensors. It is shown that one can obtain <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</i> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) virtual elements in the co-array using only <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> physical sensors. To exploit the increased degrees of freedom (large number of virtual sensors) offered by the virtual array for two dimensional DOA estimation of more sources than sensors, a novel algorithm based on the concept of two dimensional spatial smoothing is proposed and several issues related to identifiability in two dimensional DOA estimation problem (which is a fundamental issue in two dimensions), are addressed. The validity of the proposed methods is verified through several numerical examples.
Thermo Chemical Equilibrium Modelling of a Biomass Gasifying Process Using ASPEN PLUS (2009)

This article deals with the use of ASPEN PLUS to model the thermo chemical processes occurring in wood biomass gasifiers. An original equilibrium gasification model using ASPEN PLUS was first built and validate based on existing data of a downdraft gasifier (DDG). The thermo chemical models assume that reactants reach chemical equilibrium. The simulations enabled to predict the composition of the flaming pyrolysis gas as well as the final composition of the producer gas. A parametric study based on air/fuel ratio variation was then conducted. The model was finally adapted to the operating conditions of a staged gasifier developed at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Parametric studies were conducted to observe the effect of humidity with a low air injection. ASPEN PLUS was shown to be well adapted to model the gasification process (equilibrium), and it was possible to simulate both a DDG and a DTU using the same model. Data about the composition of flaming pyrolysis and the exit gas were obtained.