gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
i, poet: automatic Chinese poetry composition through a generative summarization framework under constrained optimization (2013)

Part of the long lasting cultural heritage of China is the classical ancient Chinese poems which follow strict formats and complicated linguistic rules. Automatic Chinese poetry composition by programs is considered as a challenging problem in computational linguistics and requires high Artificial Intelligence assistance, and has not been well addressed. In this paper, we formulate the poetry composition task as an optimization problem based on a generative summarization framework under several constraints. Given the user specified writing intents, the system retrieves candidate terms out of a large poem corpus, and then orders these terms to fit into poetry formats, satisfying tonal and rhythm requirements. The optimization process under constraints is conducted via iterative term substitutions till convergence, and outputs the subset with the highest utility as the generated poem. For experiments, we perform generation on large datasets of 61,960 classic poems from Tang and Song Dynasty of China. A comprehensive evaluation, using both human judgments and ROUGE scores, has demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Trainable grammars for speech recognition (1979)

Algorithms which are based on modeling speech as a finite-state, hidden Markov process have been very successful in recent years. This paper presents a generalization of these algorithms to certain denumerable-state, hidden Markov processes. This algorithm permits automatic training of the stochastic analog of an arbitrary context free grammar. In particular, in contrast to many grammatical inference methods, the new algorithm allows the grammar to have an arbitrary degree of ambiguity. Since natural language is often syntactically ambiguous, it is necessary for the grammatical inference algorithm to allow for this ambiguity. Furthermore, allowing ambiguity in the grammar allows errors in the recognition process to be explicitly modeled in the grammar rather than added as an extra component.
Low-Voltage, Megawatt Free-Electron Lasers At A Frequency Near 300 Ghz (1988)

Design procedures and beam transport feasibility experiments are discussed for a novel, millimeter-wave free electron laser (FEL) concept employing short period magnetic undulators and a sheet electron beam. The advantages of this concept include: (1) lower beam voltage ("500 kV) compatible with thermionic Pierce gun technology and conventional power supplies (rather than electron accelerators), (2) a sheet electron beam geometry which enables high power operation without excessively high gun perveance, and (3) a streaming electron beam which is compatible with depressed collector beam energy recovery for enhancing overall system efficiency. Conceptual designs for pulsed and cw high power devices, and a cw low power device are presented.
Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Donors and Acceptors in ZnO (1963)

Electron spin resonance of acceptors due to substitutional Li, and the resonance of certain donors previously reported at $g\ensuremath{\cong}1.96$ were examined using polycrystalline samples of ZnO. It was found that the latter signal could actually be a superposition of two independent signals, one arising from the oxygen vacancy and the other from the substitutional halogen. The analysis of the resonance spectra gave for the Li acceptor ${g}_{\mathrm{II}}=2.0026\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005$, ${g}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=2.0254\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005$, ${A}_{\mathrm{II}} (\mathrm{with} {\mathrm{Li}}^{7} \mathrm{nucleus})\ensuremath{\leqq}0.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${A}_{\ensuremath{\perp}} (\mathrm{with} {\mathrm{Li}}^{7} \mathrm{nucleus})=(1.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$; for the donor due to oxygen vacancy ${g}_{\mathrm{II}}=1.957\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001$, and ${g}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=1.956\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001$; and for the halogen donor $g=1.960\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001$. These $g$ values are interpreted in terms of a picture in which a hole associated with the Li acceptor is localized in the valence orbital of one of the four adjacent oxygen, while the electrons trapped by the donor levels due to oxygen vacancies or substitutional halogen are shared more or less equally among the valence orbitals of the surrounding zinc ions.
Human Fetal Hepatic Progenitor Cells Are Distinct from, but Closely Related to, Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (2013)

Much controversy surrounds the identity and origin of human hepatic stem and progenitor cells in part because of a lack of small animal models in which the developmental potential of isolated candidate cell populations can be functionally evaluated. We show here that adoptive transfer of CD34(+) cells from human fetal liver into sublethally irradiated NOD-SCID Il2rg(-/-) (NSG) mice leads to an efficient development of not only human hematopoietic cells but also human hepatocyte-like cells in the liver of the recipient mice. Using this simple in vivo assay in combination with cell fractionation, we show that CD34(+) fetal liver cells can be separated into three distinct subpopulations: CD34(hi) CD133(hi), CD34(lo) CD133(lo), and CD34(hi) CD133(neg). The CD34(hi) CD133(hi) population contains hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) as they give rise to T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes/macrophages in NSG mice and colony-forming unit (CFU)-GEMM cells in vitro. The CD34(lo) CD133(lo) population does not give rise to hematopoietic cells, but reproducibly generates hepatocyte-like cells in NSG mice and in vitro. The CD34(hi) CD133(neg) population only gives rise to CFU-GM and burst-forming unit-erythroid in vitro. Furthermore, we show that the CD34(lo) CD133(lo) cells express hematopoietic, hepatic, and mesenchymal markers, including CD34, CD133, CD117, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, CD73, albumin, α-fetal protein, and vimentin and transcriptionally are more closely related to HSPCs than to mature hepatocytes. These results show that CD34(lo) CD133(lo) fetal liver cells possess the hepatic progenitor cell properties and that human hepatic and hematopoietic progenitor cells are distinct, although they may originate from the same precursors in the fetal liver.
On-chip power integrity evaluation system (2011)

Power supply disturbance excited by simultaneous switching output (SSO) circuits or core circuits is a serious issue in a system-in-package (SIP), especially in 3D stacked die package, because much more I/O circuits and core circuits excited simultaneously in synchronized with clock edges than the case of single die package. Therefore, decoupling schemes in such SiP's must be carefully designed including on-chip capacitance as well as off-chip capacitance so as to reduce the impedance of power distribution network (PDN) as low as possible up to high frequency range. In this paper, an on-chip power integrity evaluation system has been established using a test chip with both noise generating circuits and monitoring circuits for on-chip power supply noise. On-chip power integrity has been examined and compared for the cases with and without on-chip capacitance and for the various embedded capacitors inside an interposer.
Experimental performance of mobile DVB-T2 in SFN and distributed MISO network (2012)

Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H) and Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB) are the most known standards that enable digital television transmissions to handheld or mobile receivers in Europe. The emerging DVB-T2 standard enables a network based on frequency diversity coding (called Alamouti Space-Frequency coding) suitable for multipath propagation environments which presents better performances for fixed reception compared to SFN (Single Frequency Network). In this paper, we present detailed experimental performance results of classical mobile channel (TU6) for DVB-T2. These evaluations are given for different Doppler frequencies in a classical SFN (Single Frequency Network) compared to distributed MISO. Laboratory and field measurements are presented. With the receiver used for our experiments, the results show clearly the quality degradation of received signals for distributed MISO compared to classic SFN. These results are useful for the study and the determination of the current mobile performance of DVB-T2 and network design and may also be useful for upcoming standards such as DVB-NGH (Next Generation Handheld).
Inside Front Cover: One‐Pot Synthesis and Hierarchical Assembly of Hollow Cu<sub>2</sub>O Microspheres with Nanocrystals‐Composed Porous Multishell and Their Gas‐Sensing Properties (Adv. Funct. Mater. 15/2007) (2007)

Abstract On p. 2766, Qinshan Zhu and co‐workers report on multishell hollow Cu 2 O microspheres that are synthesized by a facile and one‐pot solvothermal route. A two‐step organization process, in which hollow microspheres of Cu 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 are formed first followed by reduction to Cu 2 O by glutamic acid, leads to the special multishell and hollow microstructures. Interestingly, a Cu 2 O gas sensor fabricated with the multishell microspheres shows a much higher sensitivity to ethanol than solid Cu 2 O microspheres. Hierarchical assembly of hollow microstructures is of great scientific and practical value and remains a great challenge. This paper presents a facile and one‐pot synthesis of Cu 2 O microspheres with multilayered and porous shells, which were organized by nanocrystals. The time‐dependent experiments revealed a two‐step organization process, in which hollow microspheres of Cu 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 were formed first due to the Ostwald ripening and then reduced by glutamic acid, the resultant Cu 2 O nanocrystals were deposited on the hollow intermediate microspheres and organized into finally multishell structures. The special microstructures actually recorded the evolution process of materials morphologies and microstructures in space and time scales, implying an intermediate‐templating route, which is important for understanding and fabricating complex architectures. The Cu 2 O microspheres obtained were used to fabricate a gas sensor, which showed much higher sensitivity than solid Cu 2 O microspheres.
Genetic variation and breeding strategies for improved cell wall digestibility in annual forage crops. A review (2003)

Forage plants are the basis of ruminant nutrition, and cell wall digestibility is the limiting factor of their feeding value. Cell wall digestibility is therefore "the" target for improving the feeding value of forage crops. Among annual forages, maize cropped for silage making is the most widely used, and much research in genetics, physiology and molecular biology of annual forages is devoted to maize. Sorghum, immature small grain cereals and straws of small grain cereals are also given to cattle. Some dicotyledons are or were also used, such as forage beets, kales, canola in temperate areas and amaranths in tropical and subtropical areas. Large genetic variation for cell wall digestibility was proved from both in vivo and in vitro experiments in numerous species. Among the regular maize hybrids (excluding brown-midrib ones), the NDF in vivo digestibility nearly doubled from 32.9 to 60.1%. Correlations between in vivo and in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility were often close to 0.75, but in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility significantly reduced the range of variation between genotypes. Despite lignin content is well known as the major factor making cell wall undigestible, breeding for a higher digestibility of plant only from a lignin content trait appeared impossible. Correlations between lignin content and cell wall digestibility were indeed greatly variable according to the genetic background. Moreover, enzymatic solubilities were excessively dependent on lignin, and correlation between in vivo estimates of cell wall digestibility and lignin content were always lower than correlation between in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility and lignin content. Among brown-midrib genes, the bm3 mutant in maize, and the bmr12 (and possibly bmr18) mutant in sorghum, which are both altered in the COMT activity, appeared as the most efficient in cell wall digestibility improvement. Moreover, a great genetic variation in the efficiency of the maize bm3 gene for cell wall digestibility improvement was observed according to the genetic background, with a lower efficiency when the normal germplasm was of better cell wall digestibility. Efficient breeding maize and others annual forage plants demands a renewing of genetic resources. Because resources of interest in cell wall digestibility improvement could be of poor agronomic value, the best is likely to 193
Polymorphisms in pockets of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules influence peptide preference. (1993)

The set of peptides that is bound by a given major histocompatibility complex class I product can be described by one or two properly spaced anchor residues, and two properly spaced peptide termini, approximately 8-10 residues apart. Using radiolabeled peptide libraries, we examined whether mutations in those "pockets" in class I Kb molecules that do not seem critically involved in the interaction with the peptide anchor residues, do exert an effect on the set of preferred peptides. We find that mutations in all the pockets found in the structure of Kb have a significant effect on the peptide preference of the molecule, and their recognition by cytotoxic T cells. Alterations in substrate specificity are also observed for mutations involving residues that interact with main chain atoms in both peptide termini. These findings challenge a static view of the interaction of peptide termini with their respective pockets in the class I molecule, and imply a role for the minor pockets in peptide selectivity.
Application and Network VNF migration in a MEC-enabled 5G Architecture (2018)

The upcoming fifth generation (5G) of mobile communications brings new paradigms, such as network slicing and automation, to the forefront. Cloud computing and network function virtualization (NFV) constitute two fundamental key enablers towards the implementation of these new paradigms. On the one hand, computational functionalities are no longer limited to distant servers, but they are coming closer to the end user through Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) technology, thus creating a multi-tier cloud architecture in modern networks. On the other hand, going beyond the existing rigid architectures, NFV enables the flexible and on-the-fly creation and placement both of application and network functions, aiming at satisfying the diverse application requirements and optimizing the management of the heterogeneous (network, computational and storage) resources. In this paper, we discuss the challenges that arise in a MEC-enabled 5G architecture that supports the flexible placement/migration of network and application virtual network functions (VNFs), orchestrated by an NFV Orchestrator (NFVO) with admission management functionalities, able to manage on-the-fly the network functions and resources. Finally, we describe in detail a MECenabled testbed architecture that facilitates the development and testing of such solution in the context of 5G networks.
OLN-93: A new permanent oligodendroglia cell line derived from primary rat brain glial cultures (1996)

We have established a new permanent cell line (OLN-93), derived from spontaneously transformed cells in primary rat brain glial cultures. In growth medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum a doubling time of 16-18 hr was determined. OLN-93 cells in their antigenic properties resemble primary oligodendrocytes in culture. As analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence, the A2B5 surface marker is absent, they express galactocerebroside and myelin-specific proteins, such as myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), proteolipidprotein (PLP), and Wolfgram protein (WP), but do not exhibit astrocytic properties, such as the expression of vimentin or the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In their morphological features they resemble bipolar O-2A-progenitor cells and, when grown at low density or on poly-L-lysine-coated culture dishes under low serum conditions, immature oligodendrocytes with a more arborized cell morphology. The cellular processes contain microfilaments, while N-CAM/D2 immunoreactivity is localized on the cell surface of the somata and processes. Immunoblot analysis further confirmed the presence of MAG, WP and MBP immunoreactivity, and the absence of vimentin and GFAP. Only a single MBP isoform (approximately 14 kDa) was detectable in the cellular extracts. PLP mRNA expression was studied by RT-PCR. The two proteolipid-specific mRNAs, DM20 and PLP, were present in OLN-93 cell extracts. Comparisons with embryonic rat cerebral cells in culture and primary oligodendrocytes suggest that OLN-93 cells in their morphological features and their antigenic properties resemble 5- to 10-day-old (postnatal time) cultured rat brain oligodendrocytes. Thus, the new cell line described in this study should provide a useful model system to investigate the specific mechanisms regulating the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes in vitro, and the molecular interactions with other cells of the nervous system.
Time–domain minimum–distance detector and its application to low power coding scheme on chip interface (1998)

This paper describes a minimum-distance detector based on a time-domain technique. In this technique, Hamming-distance of data is translated to delay time, and the minimum distance one fastest data is selected using a time-domain winner-take-all circuit. We describe that this technique is possible to realize using simple logic circuits so that it can achieve small chip area and short delay time. We fabricated test chips for the detector, and demonstrated 21.6[ns] for detecting the minimum distance data from eight 16-bit data, using 1.2µm CMOS technology. We show a data encoding chip for low power chip interface as an application of the detector.
Florida DOT Project-Level Bridge Management Models (2003)

The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is in the process of implementing Pontis, a Bridge Management System, to provide decision support to engineers in the headquarters and district offices as they make routine policy, programming, and budgeting decisions regarding the preservation and improvement of the state’s bridges. As part of this effort, an ongoing research program is underway to adapt the system to FDOT needs as well as to advance the state of the art in several areas important to the Department. Most of the research results are organized around a new project-level decision support framework that complements and builds on Pontis’ existing network-level analysis. Specific new models include accident risk and user cost due to roadway width and alignment deficiencies; user cost of load capacity and vertical clearance restrictions, and moveable bridge openings; project-level prediction models for bridge element condition and costs; and prediction of economics of scale and scoping possibilities. The new models are built into a highly graphical spreadsheet model for decision support use.
The effects of locally injected granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor on the healing of intraoperatively irradiated intestinal anastomoses in rats. (2004)

Intraoperative irradiation is used to reduce the number of local recurrences and to increase disease free survival in the treatment of intestinal malignancies. Irradiation for the local control of tumours diminishes the wound healing in the intestine as in any other tissues. For many surgeons, it seems too risky to make resection and anastomosis in an irradiated intestine. Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (Gm-csf) had been successfully used in chronic and incisional dermal wounds. In this study, we evaluated the effect of locally applied Gm-csf on intraoperatively irradiated rat small intestinal anastomosis. 160 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups. In group 1 (control), ileal resection was made (1 cm. in length) and anastomosis was performed. In group 2, ileal resection and anastomosis were performed and 50 microgr. rHu Gm-csf was injected subserosally in the perianastomotic area. In group 3, intraoperatively 2000 cGy irradiation was applied to the intestine following ileal resection and anastomosis. In group 4, ileal resection and anastomosis were performed, and 50 microgr. rHu Gm-csf was injected subserosally in the perianastomotic area, then intraoperatively 2000 cGy irradiation was applied to the intestine. On the 3rd and 7th days, relaparotomies were made in order to measure the bursting pressures of the anastomotic segments. The measurement of hydroxyproline levels were evaluated to determine the amount of anastomotic collagen. Histopathological evaluations were also performed. The bursting pressure values in gm-csf given groups were significantly higher than their control groups. The hydroxyproline content of group 4 was significantly higher than group 3 on the 3rd day. In conclusion, these data indicate that local injection of Gm-csf improves the wound healing of intraoperatively irradiated bowel anastomosis.
A Completely Digital On-Chip Circuit for Local-Random-Variability Measurement (2008)

This paper presents a completely on-chip digital circuit to measure local threshold-voltage variation using an array of identical devices under test (DUTs) stacked with a single reference device. This technique detects on-chip variation of single devices, rather than matched device pairs or SRAM cells. The variation in V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> of the DUTs is detected as variation in frequency, measured by on-chip counters, resulting in a simple digital measurement. The circuit is implemented in NMOS and PMOS versions. The standard deviation of local threshold variation measured on a chip-to-chip basis on a full wafer. The results indicate that the test-structure estimates local random mismatch in MOS current (and threshold voltage) with a small time and complexity, and thus enable technology optimization and yield improvement.
On-chip caches built on multilevel spin-transfer torque RAM cells and its optimizations (2013)

It has been predicted that a processor's caches could occupy as much as 90% of chip area a few technology nodes from the current ones. In this article, we investigate the use of multilevel spin-transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) cells in the design of processor caches. We start with examining the access (read and write) scheme for multilevel cell (MLC) STT-RAM from a circuit design perspective, detailing the read and write circuits. Compared to traditional SRAM caches, a multilevel cell (MLC) STT-RAM cache design is denser, fast, and requires less energy. However, a number of critical architecture-level issues remain to be solved before MLC STT-RAM technology can be deployed in processor caches. We shall offer solutions to the issue of bit encoding as well as tackle the write endurance problem. In particular, the latter has been neglected in previous works on STT-RAM caches. We propose a set remapping scheme that can potentially prolong the lifetime of a MLC STT-RAM cache by 80× on average. Furthermore, a method for recovering the performance that may be lost in some applications due to set remapping is proposed. The impacts of process variations of the MLC STT-RAM cell on the robustness of the memory hierarchy is also discussed, together with various enhancement techniques, namely, ECC and design redundancy.