gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Materials Genomics Screens for Adaptive Ion Transport Behavior by Redox-Switchable Microporous Polymer Membranes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2017)

Selective ion transport across membranes is critical to the performance of many electrochemical energy storage devices. While design strategies enabling ion-selective transport are well-established, enhancements in membrane selectivity are made at the expense of ionic conductivity. To design membranes with both high selectivity and high ionic conductivity, there are cues to follow from biological systems, where regulated transport of ions across membranes is achieved by transmembrane proteins. The transport functions of these proteins are sensitive to their environment: physical or chemical perturbations to that environment are met with an adaptive response. Here we advance an analogous strategy for achieving adaptive ion transport in microporous polymer membranes. Along the polymer backbone are placed redox-active switches that are activated in situ, at a prescribed electrochemical potential, by the device's active materials when they enter the membrane's pore. This transformation has little influence on the membrane's ionic conductivity; however, the active-material blocking ability of the membrane is enhanced. We show that when used in lithium-sulfur batteries, these membranes offer markedly improved capacity, efficiency, and cycle-life by sequestering polysulfides in the cathode. The origins and implications of this behavior are explored in detail and point to new opportunities for responsive membranes in battery technology development.
Population-based epidemiology of intensive care: critical importance of ascertainment of residency status (2004)

This study provides information on the incidence of and demographic risk factors for admission to ICUs in a defined population. Inclusion of patients that are nonresident in base study populations may lead to gross errors in determination of the occurrence and outcomes of critical illness.
Long-Term Depression in the Adult Hippocampus<i>In Vivo</i>Involves Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and Phosphorylation of Elk-1 (2002)

Protein kinase cascades likely play a critical role in the signaling events that underlie synaptic plasticity and memory. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade is suited well for such a role because its targets include regulators of gene expression. Here we report that the ERK cascade is recruited during long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic strength in area CA1 of the adult hippocampus in vivo and selectively impacts on phosphorylation of the nuclear transcription factor Elk-1. Using a combination of in vivo electrophysiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, and immunohistochemistry, we found the following: (1) ERK phosphorylation, including phosphorylation of nuclear ERK, and ERK phosphotransferase activity are increased markedly, albeit transiently, after the induction of NMDA receptor-dependent LTD at the commissural input to area CA1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of anesthetized adult rats; (2) LTD-inducing paired-pulse stimulation fails to produce lasting LTD in the presence of the ERK kinase inhibitor SL327, which suggests that ERK activation is necessary for the persistence of LTD; and (3) ERK activation during LTD results in increased phosphorylation of Elk-1 but not of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein. Our findings indicate that the ERK cascade transduces signals from the synapse to the nucleus during LTD in hippocampal area CA1 in vivo, as it does during long-term potentiation in area CA1, but that the pattern of coupling of the ERK cascade to transcriptional regulators differs between the two forms of synaptic plasticity.
One-step hydrothermal fabrication and photocatalytic activity of surface-fluorinated TiO<sub>2</sub>hollow microspheres and tabular anatase single micro-crystals with high-energy facets (2009)

Surface-fluorinated TiO2 hollow microspheres and tabular-shaped anatase single micro-crystals with highly energetic (001) facets exposed were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal strategy using ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) as a morphology controlling agent. The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. Production of ˙OH radicals on the TiO2 surface was detected by a photoluminescence (PL) technique using terephthalic acid as a probe molecule. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by photocatalytic decolorization of Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution at ambient temperature. The results indicate that the particle morphology, average crystallite size, specific surface areas, pore structures, and photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 samples can be readily controlled by changing the concentration of NH4HF2. With increasing NH4HF2 concentration, the average crystallite size and average pore size increase, whilst the specific surface area, pore volume and porosity steadily decrease. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples exceeds that of Degussa P25 (P25) when the molar ratios of fluorine to titanium (RF) are kept in the range of 0 to 1.
Electric‐field penetration depth and dielectric spectroscopy observations of human skin (2019)

We determined the depth distribution of the water content of skin from results of dielectric measurements obtained using electrodes with various electric-field penetration depths. We found exponential decays with the thickness of the epidermis of each body part for several examinees. This study suggests an effective method for detailed evaluations of human skin.
A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of fixed-dose selenomethionine and irinotecan in solid tumors. (2006)

Selenomethionine at 2,200 mug/d did not allow the safe escalation of irinotecan beyond the previously defined MTD of 125 mg/m(2). None of the patients receiving 125 mg/m(2) of irinotecan had grade >2 diarrhea. Unexpected responses and disease stabilizations were noted in a highly refractory population. Further escalation of selenomethionine is recommended in future trials to achieve defined protective serum concentrations of selenium.
Current concepts in osteoporosis. (1997)

April 1997Current concepts in osteoporosis.Authors: L Lenchik and D J SartorisAuthor Info & AffiliationsVolume 168, Issue 4https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.168.4.9124138 METRICS PDFotherformats
Advanced Packet Filter Placement Strategies for Carrier-Grade IP-Networks (2007)

The deployment strategy of packet filters in large, carrier-grade IP networks has traditionally been to place filters on the administrative border of a network, where the boundaries between trusted and non-trusted network segments are well-known. In this paper, we present a refined algorithm for a more efficient packet filter placement that also incorporates interior network nodes, using a risk-based approach for the offline computation of virtual borders that are based on operator and adversary path prediction. It allows for a more flexible usage of network resources, also with respect to multi-vendor environments where operators may not be able to provide filter-capable nodes on the complete administrative border.
Measurement of the target scattering matrix (1965)

The scattering matrix of a target generalizes the scattering properties to include a description of their dependence upon radar polarization. The matrix may be determined directly through two successive transmissions at orthogonal polarizations, with reception of each at both of the polarizations. In the laboratory, it is possible to eliminate the requirement for phase measurement by an indirect technique using successive measurements at six polarizations (five of which may be linear). In the case where results are to be applied to linearly polarized radars, it is sufficient to determine the "linear restricted matrix" by six linear measurements. Analysis is provided and measurement technology described and evaluated for both classes of indirect measurement.
Effective Iframe-Based Strategy for Processing Dynamic Data in Embedded Browser (2008)

Embedded browser is widely utilized to display user interface in embedded systems. In the mechanism of embedded browser, a difficult problem is how to process and display the dynamic data in Web page flexibly. In order to resolve the problem, an effective iframe-based strategy for processing dynamic data in embedded browser is proposed and presented in this paper. Furthermore, a solution based on this strategy is implemented on embedded system. The experimental results show that compared with traditional solution, the novel one decreases the complexity of processing dynamic data and increases the response velocity of embedded browser conspicuously.
Mechanism of hydrogenation of ethylene via photoproduced unsaturated iron carbonyl in the gas phase (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of hydrogenation of ethylene via photoproduced unsaturated iron carbonyl in the gas phaseKen Onda, Makoto Takahashi, Yoichi Ishikawa, Kyoko Sugita, Kazunori Tanaka, Shigeyoshi Arai, David M. Rayner, and Peter A. HackettCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 2, 758–761Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100155a049https://doi.org/10.1021/j100155a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Facile One-Pot Synthesis and Morphological Control of Asymmetric Superparamagnetic Composite Nanoparticles (2011)

A one-pot colloidal reaction strategy was developed to synthesize asymmetric magnetic composite particles (AMCPs) with high anisotropy and magnetic content. The asymmetricity was established by having two portions of the particle composed of both polystyrene and silica, among which the latter was conjugated with magnetite nanoparticles. Phase separation was found to be critical in developing the asymmetric structure between the inorganic and polymer components during miniemulsion polymerization and the sol-gel reaction. Morphological control of the magnetic composite particles was achieved in a straightforward fashion by adjusting the processing parameters. These asymmetric nanomaterials with superparamagnetic and amphiphilic properties will have significant potential in biomedical applications.
Functional diversity of macrophyte communities within and between Pyrenean lakes (2009)

Submersed vegetation is a common feature in about 70% Pyrenean high mountain (>1500 m a.s.l.) lakes. Isoetids and soft-water elodeids are common elements of this underwater flora and can form distinct vegetation units (i.e. patches of vegetation dominated by different species) within complex mosaics of vegetation in shallow waters (<7 m). Since isoetids exert a strong influence on sediment biogeochemistry due to high radial oxygen loss, we examined the small scale characteristics of the lake environment (water and sediment) associated to vegetation patches in order to ascertain potential functional differences among them. To do so, we characterised the species composition and biomass of the main vegetation units from 11 lakes, defined plant communities based on biomass data, and then related each community with sediment properties (redox and dissolved nutrient concentration in the pore water) and water nutrient concentration within plant canopy. We also characterised lake water and sediment in areas without vegetation as a reference. A total of twenty-one vegetation units were identified, ranging from one to five per lake. A cluster analysis on biomass species composition suggested seven different macrophyte communities that were named after the most dominant species: Nitella sp., Potamogeton praelongus, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Sparganium angustifolium, Isoetes echinospora, Isoetes lacustris and Carex rostrata. Coupling between macrophyte communities and their immediate environment (overlying water and sediment) was manifested mainly as variation in sediment redox conditions and the dominant form of inorganic nitrogen in pore-water. These effects depended on the specific composition of the community, and on the allocation between above- and belowground biomass, and could be predicted with a model relating the average and standard deviation of sediment redox potential from 0 down to -20 cm, across macrophyte communities. Differences in pore-water total dissolved phosphorus were related to the trophic state of the lakes. There was no correlation between sediment and water column dissolved nutrients. However, nitrate concentrations tended to be lower in the water overlaying isoetid communities, in apparent contradiction to the patterns of dissolved nitrates in the pore-water. These tendencies were robust even when comparing the water overlaying communities within the same lake, thus pointing towards a potential effect of isoetids in reducing dissolved nitrogen in the lakes.
Phosphorylation of the Respiratory Burst Oxidase Subunit p67 during Human Neutrophil Activation (1997)

The respiratory burst oxidase of phagocytes and B lymphocytes catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to superoxide anion (O-2) at the expense of NADPH. This multicomponent enzyme is dormant in resting cells but is activated on exposure to an appropriate stimulus. The phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms regulating the activation of the respiratory burst oxidase are unclear, particularly the phosphorylation status of the cytosolic component p67(phox). In this study, we found that activation of human neutrophils with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), a chemotactic peptide, or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a stimulator of protein kinase C (PKC), resulted in the phosphorylation of p67(phox). Using an anti-p67(phox) antibody or an anti-p47(phox) antibody, we showed that phosphorylated p67(phox) and p47(phox) form a complex. Phosphoamino acid analysis of the phosphorylated p67(phox) revealed only 32P-labeled serine residues. Two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping analysis showed that p67(phox) is phosphorylated at the same peptide whether fMLP or PMA is used as a stimulus. In addition, PKC induced the phosphorylation of recombinant GST-p67(phox) in vitro, at the same peptide as that phosphorylated in intact cells. PMA-induced phosphorylation of p67(phox) was strongly inhibited by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. In contrast, fMLP-induced phosphorylation was minimally affected by this PKC inhibitor. Taken together, these results show that p67(phox) is phosphorylated in human neutrophils by different pathways, one of which involves protein kinase C.
Thermal radiative properties: Nonmetallic solids. (1972)

The volume consists of a text on theory, estimation, and measurement, together with its bibliography, the main body of numerical data and its references, and the material index. The text material assumes a role complementary to the main body of numerical data. The physics and basic concepts of thermal radiation are discussed in detail, focusing attention on treatment of nonmetallic materials: theory, estimation, and methods of measurement. Numerical data is presented in a comprehensive manner. The scope of coverage includes the nonmetallic elements and their compounds, intermetallics, polymers, glasses, and minerals. Analyzed data graphs provide an evaluative review of the data. All data have been obtained from their original sources, and each data set is so referenced.
Valve-Event Modulated Boost System (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Prior work with the concept of dividing the exhaust process into an early and late phase has shown the potential of applying only the early stage (blow-down) of the exhaust period directly to a turbocharger or turbocharger system, and the later stage (scavenge) arranged to bypass the turbine. In this manner, the exhaust backpressure required to extract high turbine work from the engine can be isolated from the displacement phase of the exhaust stroke and thereby greatly reduce the exhaust pumping work and Residual Gas Fraction. In previously-published efforts, the challenges of valve-event control and high turbine inlet temperature have been revealed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The BorgWarner Engine Systems Group, in conjunction with Presta, has applied a cam-phaser controlled concentric camshaft system to the exhaust side of a divided exhaust port 4-valve per cylinder DOHC GDI engine, to enable variable phasing between the Blow-down and Scavenge cam profiles. With this system we have demonstrated control of the turbocharger boost, eliminating the need for a wastegate. In addition, we have devised a unique external EGR system that takes advantage of the separate scavenge exhaust path to efficiently control turbine inlet temperature and provide the already well-known cooled EGR benefits to a highly-boosted SI engine. The net benefits are higher boost potential across the engine speed range with significant fuel economy improvements.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will present our modeling results in GT-Power as well as our initial firing engine test results on a 2.0L Turbo GDI engine. Our modeling results indicated the ability to operate the turbocharged engine at higher BMEP levels across the engine speed range with fuel economy benefits due reduced PMEP. Our engine tests show correlation to these results, as well as the level of additional benefits due to reduced RGF at high load and the cooled EGR circuit. Future development direction and potential will also be discussed.</div></div>
A role for Q type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels in neurotransmission in the rat urinary bladder (1995)

1. In isolated bladder strips of the rat, a substantial component (46%) of the Ca(2+)-dependent contractile response to electrical field stimulation (5 Hz) was resistant to combined block of both N and P type Ca2+ channels by omega-conotoxin-GVIA (300 nM) and omega-agatoxin-IVA (100 nM) respectively. 2. The resistant portion (non-N, non-P) was sensitive to omega-conotoxin-MVIIC (3 microM), which in addition to N and P also blocks Q type channels at this concentration. omega-Conotoxin-MVIIC administered alone, inhibited the neurogenic response to the same degree as that observed in the combined presence of omega-agatoxin-IVA, omega-conotoxin-GVIA and omega-conotoxin-MVIIC. 3. omega-Agatoxin-IVA (100 nM), a concentration that fully inhibits P type channels, had a negligible effect on the neurogenic response. Following blockade of N type Ca2+ channels with omega-conotoxin-GVIA (300 nM), omega-agatoxin-IVA (3 microM) (a concentration well above that used to block P channels, inhibits Q type channels, but spares N type channels), inhibited the residual response to the same degree as omega-conotoxin-MVIIC alone. 4. Results suggest that neurotransmission in rat urinary bladder is supported by both N and Q type Ca2+ channels.
Multi-Layer Mobility Load Balancing in a Heterogeneous LTE Network (2012)

This paper analyzes the behavior of a distributed Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) scheme in a multi-layer 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) Long Term Evolution (LTE) deployment with different User Equipment (UE) densities in certain network areas covered with pico cells. Target of the study is to evaluate MLB in terms of efficient pico cell utilization and macro layer load balancing (LB). The analysis focuses on video streaming traffic due to specific service characteristics (e.g. play-out buffer delay/ jitter protection) that might make any mobility performance degradation transparent to the end user performance. Results have shown that the proposed MLB scheme can significantly improve the overall network resources utilization by eliminating potential load imbalances amongst the deployment layers and consequently enhance user experience. However this occurs at the cost of increased Radio Link Failures (RLF), a fact that might be critical for further applying MLB in real-time conversational services without additional mobility optimization and interference management techniques.
Efficient synthesis technique of time-domain models for interconnects having 3-D structures based on FDTD method (2003)

This paper describes a novel method to simulate transient responses of interconnects having 3-dimensional structure. First, the impulse responses between any pair of terminals of lines are obtained by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. In this calculation, the characteristic impedance of the interconnect is imposed at every terminal in order to converge quickly the transient waveforms. Next, the frequency responses are obtained by the Fourier transform of these transient waveforms. Then, the time-domain models are synthesized from the frequency responses by using the least square approximation and the complex frequency hopping technique. Finally, with this model, the transient responses are rapidly simulated by the conventional circuit simulators. In conclusion the validity of this method is verified by comparison with the time-consuming FDTD simulation.
The Accreditation of Forensic Laboratories as Component of Realizing the European Forensic Science 2020 Concept (2014)

The success of mutually recognising evidence, among others, is provided by the introduction of common standards. In the interest of the regulated and scheduled implementation of the harmonisation process, the Council of the European Union made a decision on the ideas of ‘The Vision for European Forensic Science 2020’ including the creation of a European Forensic Science Area and the development of forensic science infrastructure in Europe (hereafter: EFSA 2020). This paper analyses the effects of the EFSA 2020 decision on the accreditation of forensic laboratories.
<title>A Study Of Noninvasive Blood Pressure Measurement Techniques</title> (1979)

Some results of a study of techniques for the noninvasive and ambulatory measurement of blood pressure are presented. A method for computer processing ambulatory or stress test data to determine blood pressure is described. It appears that good accuracies can be obtained with ambulatory patients during normal ranges of physical activities and perhaps during treadmill tests. The development and testing of a new transducer for the noninvasive beat-by-beat measurement of blood pressure is described. The transducer outputs are similar to intraarterial wave-forms that are obtained by catheter, and it is expected that the transducer will be used in the operating room, the ICU, and the CCU.