gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of 1-{(3<i>R</i>,4<i>R</i>)-3-[({5-Chloro-2-[(1-methyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]-7<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)methyl]-4-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl}prop-2-en-1-one (PF-06459988), a Potent, WT Sparing, Irreversible Inhibitor of T790M-Containing EGFR Mutants (2016)

First generation EGFR TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib) provide significant clinical benefit for NSCLC cancer patients with oncogenic EGFR mutations. Ultimately, these patients' disease progresses, often driven by a second-site mutation in the EGFR kinase domain (T790M). Another liability of the first generation drugs is severe adverse events driven by inhibition of WT EGFR. As such, our goal was to develop a highly potent irreversible inhibitor with the largest selectivity ratio between the drug-resistant double mutants (L858R/T790M, Del/T790M) and WT EGFR. A unique approach to develop covalent inhibitors, optimization of reversible binding affinity, served as a cornerstone of this effort. PF-06459988 was discovered as a novel, third generation irreversible inhibitor, which demonstrates (i) high potency and specificity to the T790M-containing double mutant EGFRs, (ii) minimal intrinsic chemical reactivity of the electrophilic warhead, (iii) greatly reduced proteome reactivity relative to earlier irreversible EGFR inhibitors, and (iv) minimal activity against WT EGFR.
Investigating the Discriminative Power of Keystroke Sound (2014)

The goal of this paper is to determine whether keystroke sound can be used to recognize a user. In this regard, we analyze the discriminative power of keystroke sound in the context of a continuous user authentication application. Motivated by the concept of digraphs used in modeling keystroke dynamics, a virtual alphabet is first learned from keystroke sound segments. Next, the digraph latency within the pairs of virtual letters, along with other statistical features, is used to generate match scores. The resultant scores are indicative of the similarities between two sound streams, and are fused to make a final authentication decision. Experiments on both static text-based and free text-based authentications on a database of 50 subjects demonstrate the potential as well as the limitations of keystroke sound.
Hypertension and Angiogenesis (2003)

Arterial Hypertension (AH) is characterized by reduced nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis, activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System (RAAS), vasoconstriction, and microvascular rarefaction. The latter contributes to target organ damage, especially in left ventricular hypertrophy, and may partially be due to impaired angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new microvessels and microvascular networks from existing ones, is a highly regulated process that arises in response to hypoxia and other stimuli and that relieves tissue ischemia. In AH, angiogenesis seems impaired. However, blood pressure alone does not affect angiogenesis, and microvascular rarefaction is present in normotensive persons with a family history for AH. Normal or increased NO in several processes and diseases enables or enhances angiogenesis (e.g. in portal hypertension) and reduced NO biosynthesis (for example, in a rat model of AH, in other disease models in vivo, and in endothelial NO Synthase knock out mice) impairs angiogenesis. Angiogenic growth factors such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) induce NO and require NO to elicit an effect. Effector molecules and corresponding receptors of the RAAS either induce (Bradykinin, Angiotensin II) or perhaps inhibit angiogenesis. The pattern of Bradykinin- and Angiotensin II-receptor expression and the capacity to normalize NO biosynthesis may determine whether ACE-inhibitors, Angiotensin II-receptor antagonists and other substances affect angiogenesis. Reconstitution of a normally vascularized tissue by reversal of impaired angiogenesis with drugs such as ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists may contribute to successful treatment of hypertension-associated target organ damage, e.g. left ventricular hypertrophy.
Acute Kidney Injury in the Critically Ill Patient (2015)

Acute kidney injury is a common problem in the critically ill patient and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. A standardized definition and staging system has led to improved diagnosis and understanding of the pathophysiology of AKI. There are many trials leading to improved prevention and management of the disease.
Weldability of PC/ABS Resins in Structural IP Applications (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In replacement of steel, plastics are being used more and more in structural instrument panel, (IP) applications. Plastics are an excellent alternative because they provide weight and cost savings, as well as, ease of assembly and part consolidation.[<span class="xref">1</span>] A technique to join the plastic interfaces and create strong bonds is needed for the parts to perform as a structural system. Studies, both internal and external, have paved the way in understanding the best techniques which yield the best weld performance for Dow's PULSE<span class="xref">*</span> 830, (PC/ABS) resin. This report summarizes the work that has been done in this area.</div>
Slightly-slacked dropout for improving neural network learning on FPGA (2018)

Neural Network Learning (NNL) is compute-intensive. It often involves a dropout technique which effectively regularizes the network to avoid overfitting. As such, a hardware accelerator for dropout NNL has been proposed; however, the existing method encounters a huge transfer cost between hardware and software. This paper proposes Slightly-Slacked Dropout (SS-Dropout), a novel deterministic dropout technique to address the transfer cost while accelerating the process. Experimental results show that our SS-Dropout technique improves both the usual and dropout NNL accelerator, i.e., 1.55 times speed-up and three order-of-magnitude less transfer cost, respectively.
Impacts of Mercury on Freshwater Fish-Eating Wildlife and Humans (2003)

This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of the toxic effects of mercury on fish-eating birds, mammals, and humans associated with freshwater ecosystems, including new information on the relative risk of elevated methyl Hg exposure for fish-eating birds inhabiting aquatic ecosystems impacted by mining/smelting activities and areas characterized by high geological sources of Hg. The influence of various environmental conditions such as lake pH, DOC, and chemical speciation of Hg, on fish-Hg concentrations and Hg exposure in fish-eating wildlife, are discussed. Although a continuing global effort to decrease the release of this nonessential metal into the environment is warranted, Hg methylation and biomagnification may be limited in some environments due to chemical speciation of mercury in soils and sediments (e.g., HgS) and water quality conditions (e.g., high alkalinity and pH) that do not facilitate high methylation rates. We have shown such limitations for a lake where historic Hg mining greatly increased sediment-Hg loadings, yet Hg increases in small fish of various species are currently lower than expected, and top predators (bald eagles), despite having elevated concentrations of Hg in their blood compared with individuals from nearby lakes, exhibit no Hg-related reproductive impairment or other signs of MeHg intoxication. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that fish-eating human populations may be exposed to Hg sufficient to cause significant developmental effects. However, for humans, we conclude that the current USEPA reference dose for MeHg may be too restrictive, particularly for the less sensitive adult. The health status of indigenous peoples relying on the subsistence harvest of wild foods may be negatively affected by such restrictions.
Sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure: latest evidence and place in therapy (2016)

Despite significant therapeutic advances, patients with chronic heart failure (HF) remain at high risk for HF progression and death. Sacubitril/valsartan (previously known as LCZ696) is a first-in-class medicine that contains a neprilysin (NEP) inhibitor (sacubitril) and an angiotensin II (Ang-II) receptor blocker (valsartan). NEP is an endopeptidase that metabolizes different vasoactive peptides including natriuretic peptides, bradykinin and Ang-II. In consequence, its inhibition increases mainly the levels of both, natriuretic peptides (promoting diuresis, natriuresis and vasodilatation) and Ang-II whose effects are blocked by the angiotensin receptor blocker, valsartan (reducing vasoconstriction and aldosterone release). Results from the 8442 patient PARADIGM-HF study showed in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV and reduced ejection fraction treated with LCZ696 (<i>versus</i> enalapril), the following benefits: reduction of the risk of death from cardiovascular causes by 20%; reduction of HF hospitalizations by 21%; reduction of the risk of all-cause mortality by 16%. Overall there was a 20% risk reduction on the primary endpoint, composite measure of cardiovascular (CV) death or time to first HF hospitalization. PARADIGM-HF was stopped early after a median follow up of 27 months. <i>Post hoc</i> analyses of PARADIGM-HF as well as the place in therapy of sacubitril/valsartan, including future directions, are included in the present review.
An Experimental Optical Three-axis Tactile Sensor for Micro-Robots (2005)

This paper describes a micro-optical three-axis tactile sensor capable of sensing not only normal force, but also shearing force. The normal force was detected from the integrated gray-scale values of bright pixels emitted from the contact area of conical feelers. The conical feelers were formed on a rubber sheet surface that maintains contact with an optical waveguide plate. The shearing force was detected from horizontal displacement of the conical feeler. In the experiments, a precise multi-axial loading machine was developed to measure sensing characteristics of the present sensor. Results show that the normal force was specified uniquely under combined force conditions and that the shearing force was specified by modifying the relationship between the shearing force and the horizontal displacement on the basis of normal force. We formulated a set of expressions to derive the normal force and the shearing force by taking into account this modification. Furthermore, calibration coefficients were identified for transforming the integration of gray-scale values into the normal force and for transforming the horizontal displacement into the shearing force. This result suggests that the expressions can estimate the normal force and the shearing force in wide-load regions.
Quantifying Agility (2014)

INSIGHT is the magazine of the International Council on Systems Engineering. It is published four times per year and features informative articles dedicated to advancing the state of practice in systems engineering and to close the gap with the state of the art. INSIGHT delivers practical information on current hot topics, implementations, and best practices, written in applications-driven style.
Polyelectrolyte adsorption: a subtle balance of forces (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyelectrolyte adsorption: a subtle balance of forcesHenrica G. M. Van de Steeg, Martinus A. Cohen Stuart, Arie De Keizer, and Bert H. BijsterboschCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 10, 2538–2546Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00046a030https://doi.org/10.1021/la00046a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1335Altmetric-Citations345LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Maximal Biomass of Arabidopsis thaliana Using a Simple, Low-Maintenance Hydroponic Method and Favorable Environmental Conditions (1997)

The advantages of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
Distribution Coefficient of Cesium and Cation Exchange Capacity of Minerals and Rocks (1989)

The sorption behavior of cesium on a variety of minerals and rocks has been investigated by batch equilibration using 137Cs. The distribution coefficient (Kd) of cesium increased with decreasing concentration of cesium and approached a constant value in dilute regions. The distribution coefficients determined at a trace level (Kdt,tr) differed more than four orders of magnitude strongly depending on the kinds of samples, for example, about 30 on quartz and 105 on tuffs. The values of Kd,tr are related to the cation exchange capacity (CEC; meq/g) determined from the saturated sorption of cesium for individual samples as : log Kd, tr =log CEC + constant. Most Kd, tr values were found to approximately follow this linear relationship.
Asymmetric Bipolar Pulsed DC (1996)

Abstract Zusammenfassung Asymmetric Bipolar Pulsed DC wurde als Energieform entwickelt, um isolierende Schichten in einem reaktiven PVD‐Prozess vom metallischen Target kostengünstig und mit hohen Raten langzeitstabil abzuscheiden. Die „Forward Power”︁ (negativer Bereich) arbeitet als Stromquelle, da Ionen bewegt werden müssen. Die „Revers Power”︁ (positiver Bereich) arbeitet als Spannungsquelle, da Elektronen zur Kompensation einer positiven Aufladung bewegt werden müssen. Mit dieser Technik wird die Targetvergiftung vermieden. Außer allen üblichen Parameter eines DCG (DC Generator) gibt es beim RPG (Reactive Plasma Generator) 3 weitere programmierbare Parameter: Frequenz (50–250KHz) Duty Cycle (0–40%) Amplitude des positiven Anteils genannte Reverse Bias Voltage (50–120V) Damit kann der Anwender den RPG (Reactive Plasma Generator) schnell für einen bestimmten Prozess optimieren. Es werden auch andere Quellentechniken mit der vorliegenden verglichen und erörtert. Außerdem wird der Einsatz des RPG (Reactive Plasma Generators) in Verbindung mit PVD‐ und CVD‐Prozessen beschrieben.
Characterization of Rat<i>N</i>-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase I Expressed in<i>Esherichia coli</i> (1995)

The catalytic domain (sGnT-I) of rat liver N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase I (GnT-I) was expressed in Escherichia coli. Lysates from pETsGnT-I transformants contained a prominent protein species of 46 kDa with which a significant GnT-I activity was associated. To purify the relevant enzyme, we constructed cDNAs encoding sGnT-ICH and sGnT-INH, which had six additional histidine residues as an affinity tag at the C-terminal and the N-terminal of sGnT-I, respectively, and introduced them into E. coli cells for expression. sGnT-INH was purified and its enzymatic properties were examined.
Cloning of alginate lyase gene (alxM) and expression in Escherichia coli (1991)

The alxM gene encoding a D-mannuronan-specific alginate lyase has been cloned from a marine bacterium isolated as an epiphyte on the brown alga, Sargassum fluitans. Expression of this gene in Escherichia coli provides a source of this enzyme for probing alginate structure and modifying the mannuronan-rich alginate polymers produced by bacterial pathogens.
An Improved Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Method for Recognition of Electric Vehicle Battery Charging Load (2011)

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a convenient method to determine the electrical energy consumption and operation of individual appliances based on analysis of composite load measured at the entry of a building. It avoids installation of parallel sensors for monitoring individual appliances and could be applied in the smart metering system to obtain useful information for load management. This paper presents an improved NILM method that is capable of recognizing Electric Vehicle Battery (EVB) charging as a load type. Based on the proposed framework, a special pattern recognition algorithm is used to perform load disaggregation. A random switching simulator is developed to examine the performance of the improved NILM under various scenarios. The results demonstrate that the EVB charging load is recognized as well as other traditional appliances. The overall success rate of the disaggregation reaches 94.5% at typical circumstance. Through sensitivity analysis it is also shown that the EVB charging load makes a small impact on the overall performance.
Enhancement of synaptic transmission by dendritic potentials in chromatolysed motoneurones of the cat (1970)

1. Monosynaptic transmission in cat lumbosacral motoneurones undergoing chromatolysis was studied by intracellular recording from 7 to 20 days after section of the appropriate ventral roots. 2. The average input resistance measured by passing polarizing currents across the cell membrane showed no significant difference between normal and chromatolysed motoneurones. Average rheobasic current for chromatolysed motoneurones was significantly lower (by about 30%) than that for normal motoneurones. 3. Spike‐like partial responses were commonly superimposed on monosynaptic EPSPs in chromatolysed motoneurones. These responses could be eliminated by stimulation of the bulbar inhibitory reticular formation, but could not be blocked by hyperpolarization applied to the motoneurone soma. 4. The spike‐like partial response in chromatolysed motoneurones showed a refractory period following (i) the antidromic invasion of the neurone generated by ventral root stimulation, and (ii) in response to two successive afferent stimuli. The refractory period ranged from 5 to 13 msec. 5. Initiation of the partial response had no direct relation with the amplitude of the underlying EPSP. The partial response could be evoked by small EPSPs of about 0·5 mV. 6. The action potential of a chromatolysed motoneurone arose from the partial response at different levels of depolarization, showing multiple trigger zones for spike initiation. Occasionally, chromatolysed motoneurones discharged in response to stimulation of a single afferent fibre. 7. In neurones where more than one spike‐like response was obtained, interaction between dendritic responses showed no refractoriness. 8. It is concluded that the partial response is an all‐or‐none event originating at some discrete site on dendrites, and that its presence increases the efficacy of synaptic excitation in chromatolysed motoneurones.
Adaptive coverage-preserving routing protocol for wireless sensor network (2013)

Many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) - including medical healthcare, military surveillance and security systems - must meet the requirement of 100% coverage, but the issue of coverage is not addressed by studies on routing protocols. Thus, this work proposes an adaptive coverage-preserving routing protocol (ACPRP) to deal with coverage. ACPRP can also reduce the possibility that a node with less overlapped coverage is selected as a relay node. Furthermore, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to find optimal weight parameters which are fed into the cluster head selection mechanism and the hierarchy routing selection mechanism proposed by this work. The best transmission route between nodes is calculated based on remaining energy, coverage and transmission distance of each node. In terms of coverage, the simulation results show that the ACPRP is able to provide up to 134%~151% additional service time with 100% coverage, compared to the existing LEACH-Coverage-U protocol and the LEACH protocol, and generate up to 13.4% additional service time with 100% coverage, compared to the ECHR protocol. Therefore, the simulation results demonstrate that the ACPRP is able to provide a better service time for 100% coverage.
Low bit rate speech coding with glottal linear prediction (2002)

A coding method, glottal linear prediction, that is based on a more precise model is introduced. According to this model, speech production can be separated into three processors: the glottal excitation, the vocal tract, and the lip radiation effect. The application of the idea in the coding of telephone-line PCM (pulse-code modulation) speech that includes different types of utterances is emphasized. The only filter that has to be transmitted from the coder to the decoder is the filter which models the vocal tract. This is usually of lower order than LPC (linear predictive coding) filters used in conventional linear predictive analysis. The excitation signal is coded by modeling the obtained glottal wave estimate with Lagrange interpolation or by generating noise. Preliminary results indicate that the more accurate modeling of the speech-production mechanism will lead to improved quality in speech coding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel technologies for sniffing soil and ground water contaminants (2009)

The presence of hydrocarbons, dense non-aqueous phase liquids, heavy metals and radioactive wastes in soil and ground water represents a serious threat to health and safety. Detecting and delineating these contaminants in the subsurface is a challenging task. Traditional site characterization methods involving drilling and sampling (soil, groundwater, and soil gas), followed by laboratory analysis are time-consuming, laborious, expensive and expose personnel to contaminated media. Recent emphasis has been placed on developing on-site field characterization techniques based on direct push technologies (DPTs) such as the cone penetration test (CPT). A variety of samplers have been deployed in DPTs for collecting soil gas, groundwater and soil samples from desired depths of interest. A variety of in situ sensors have been deployed inside cone penetrometer probes, including load cells, pressure transducers, miniature camera, electrical resistivity, temperature, pH and oxidation reduction potential, laser induced fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. This article also describes a novel electronic nose technology that was integrated with an in situ vapour sampling membrane interface probe for sniffing subsurface volatile organic contaminants. This technology has been recently miniaturized and integrated with CPT sensors for comprehensive geotechnical and geoenvironmental investigations.