gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Lane Detection and Tracking Method Using Statistical Modeling of Color and Lane Edge-Orientation (2009)

This paper proposes an effective lane detection and tracking method using statistical modeling of lane color and edge-orientation in the image sequence. At first, we will address some problem of classifying a pixel into two classes(lane or background) and detecting one exact lane. Generally, the probability of a pixel classification error conditioned on the distinctive feature vector can be decreased by selecting more distinctive features. A proposed pixel classifier model(Bayes decision rule for minimizing the probability of error) uses two distinctive features, lane color and edge-orientation, for classifying a lane pixel from background image. By estimating PDFs of each feature and continuously updating the estimated PDFs, we can effectively adapt the various road conditions and the different types of lane. The histogram of edge magnitudes with respect to edge-orientation will be used as the PDF for the lane edge orientation feature. Similarly, the color histogram of the HSV color model will be used as the PDF of the color feature. And, for the postprocessing, we will use the LMS algorithm in order to exclude misclassified pixels and decide one optimal lane position. Various comparative experimental results show that the proposed scheme is very effective in the lane detection and can be implemented in real-time.
Multi-turn multi-gap transmission line resonators – Concept, design and first implementation at 4.7 T and 7 T (2016)

A novel design scheme for monolithic transmission line resonators (TLRs) is presented - the multi-turn multi-gap TLR (MTMG-TLR) design. The MTMG-TLR design enables the construction of TLRs with multiple turns and multiple gaps. This presents an additional degree of freedom in tuning self-resonant TLRs, as their resonance frequency is fully determined by the coil geometry (e.g. diameter, number of turns, conductor width, etc.). The novel design is evaluated at 4.7T and 7T by simulations and experiments, where it is demonstrated that MTMG-TLRs can be used for MRI, and that the B<sub>1</sub> distribution of MTMG-TLRs strongly depends on the number and distribution of turns. A comparison to conventional loop coils revealed that the B<sub>1</sub> performance of MTMG-TLRs is comparable to a loop coil with the same mean diameter; however, lower 10g SAR values were found for MTMG-TLRs. The MTMG-TLR design is expected to bring most benefits at high static field, where it allows for independent size and frequency selection, which cannot be achieved with standard TLR design. However, it also enables more accurate geometric optimization at low static field. Thereby, the MTMG-TLR design preserves the intrinsic advantages of TLRs, i.e. mechanical flexibility, high SAR efficiency, mass production, and coil miniaturization.
<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>: Cultivation and Laboratory Maintenance (2013)

This unit describes general procedures for the lab cultivation and storage of the Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. The basic protocols are relevant for a wide scope of applications including microbial genetics and both in vitro and in vivo infection studies. Commonly used L. monocytogenes strains, serotypes, and growth parameters are also discussed.
Narrow-band MMIC filters with automatic tuning and Q-factor control (1993)

Narrowband, active monolithic-microwave-integrated-circuit (MMIC) filters at X-band are discussed. Results for both bandpass and notch circuits fabricated using standard GaAs MESFET processes are presented. A novel master-slave control circuit provides compensation for fluctuations in the fabrication process and operating temperature, and it enables the filter to accurately track a reference signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nordic perspectives on language and gender : Theoretical and methodological development during four decades (2015)

Nordic perspectives on language and gender : Theoretical and methodological development during four decades
Characterization of Elution Chromatography Fractions from CIS-Polybutadiene by GPC (1970)

Abstract A preparative fractionation of about 23 g of a commercial cis -polybutadiene rubber is described. The method employed was a solvent elution chromatographic method with very little temperature gradient. The molecular weight distributions of the fractions obtained were determined by an analytical fractionation of 20 mg of polymer. The method was similar to the preparative fractionation and involved solvent elution chromatography. The fractions obtained were assayed for quantity, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution by GPC. The low molecular weight fractions of the preparative fractionation had molecular weight distributions which could be closely approximated by two log normal distributions, the low molecular weight component having the narrower width. The ratio of weight to number average molecular weight was found to be about 1.1 for these samples. The higher molecular weight fractions could also be approximated by two log normal distributions; however, in these fractions the low molecular weight component had a very broad distribution but constituted only a small portion of the sample. The widths of the GPC curves of the fractions correlate satisfactorily with the molecular weight distributions found by the analytical refractionations. The GPC width is a sensitive criterion of the width of the molecular weight distribution even when only two columns are used. It is felt that the analytical fractionation procedure presented gives more detailed information on the molecular weight distribution than is easily obtainable from an ordinary GPC curve.
Optimal load management of electric heating and PEV loads in a residential distribution system in Sweden (2011)

The electrical distribution system is facing major challenges in the near future related to increased electricity consumption, increased amount of distributed generation (DG) and the introduction of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). These could require large investments in the distribution system to maintain and operate the system in a secure way. However, the need to reinforce the distribution system can be avoided or postponed if the loads could be managed and controlled in order to reduce the peak load in the system. This paper examines the possibility for such a load management scheme in a residential part of the distribution system in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. The load management scheme aims to minimize the losses in the system by shifting the heat loads and PEV charging in time without reducing the comfort level of the customers. In addition, a price-based optimal strategy is proposed, assuming dynamic electricity rates, that aims to minimize the electricity cost for the customers. The results indicate that the peak load can be decreased by the proposed load management scheme and that the number of PEVs that can be handled by the distribution system increases. However, dynamic electricity rates can cause increased peak power demand, indicating that either an aggregator or more advanced approaches for the electricity tariffs are needed to cope with the peak power.
Distinct isoforms of ADPglucose pyrophosphatase and ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase occur in the suspension‐cultured cells of sycamore (<i>Acer pseudoplatanus</i> L.) (2000)

The intracellular localizations of ADPglucose pyrophosphatase (AGPPase) and ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) have been studied using protoplasts prepared from suspension-cultured cells of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that all the AGPPase present in the protoplasts is associated with amyloplasts, whereas more than 60% of AGPase is in the extraplastidial compartment. Immunoblots of amyloplast- and extraplastid-enriched extracts further confirmed that AGPase is located mainly outside the amyloplast. Experiments carried out to identify possible different isoforms of AGPPase in the amyloplast revealed the presence of soluble and starch granule-bound isoforms. We thus propose that ADPglucose levels linked to starch biosynthesis in sycamore cells are controlled by enzymatic reactions catalyzing the synthesis and breakdown of ADPglucose, which take place both inside and outside the amyloplast.
Exploring Amino Acids Responsible for the Temperature Profile of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 45 Endoglucanase EGL3 from<i>Humicola grisea</i> (2006)

EGL3 and RCE1 are glycoside hydrolase family 45 endoglucanases isolated from Humicola grisea and Rhizopus oryzae respectively. The amino acid sequences of the two endoglucanases are homologous; on the other hand, the optimum temperature of EGL3 is higher than that of RCE1. In this study, four chimeric endoglucanases, named ER1, ER2, ER3 and ER4, in which one of four sequential amino acid regions of the EGL3 catalytic domain (CAD) was replaced by the corresponding RCE1 amino acids, were constructed to explore the region responsible for the EGL3 temperature profile. Then their temperature profiles were compared with that of the recombinant EGL3. Replacement of the N-terminal region of EGL3 with that of RCE1 caused the EGL3 temperature profile to shift to a lower temperature. These results suggest that the N-terminal amino acids of the EGL3 are responsible for the EGL3 temperature profile.
Removal of synthetic food dyes in aqueous solution by Octolig® (2013)

We studied six of the seven food dyes commonly used, e.g., FD&C Blue No. 1 and No. 2, Green No. 3, Red No. 3 and No. 40, Yellow No. 5 and No. 6. Quantitative removal was achieved by passage of dyes in aqueous solutions over chromatography columns packed with Octolig, a polyethylenediimine covalently attached to high-surface-area silica. A structural feature most of the dyes have in common are the presence of sulfonate groups attached to aromatic molecules. Prior studies and the current one indicated that the seventh food dye (Green No. 3) should also be quantitatively removed. Matrix effects were considered, but none were observed.
Automatically securing permission-based software by reducing the attack surface: an application to Android (2012)

In the permission-based security model (used e.g. in Android and Blackberry), applications can be granted more permissions than they actually need, what we call a “permission gap”. Malware can leverage the unused permissions for achieving their malicious goals, for instance using code injection. In this paper, we present an approach to detecting permission gaps using static analysis. Using our tool on a dataset of Android applications, we found out that a non negligible part of applications suffers from permission gaps, i.e. does not use all the permissions they declare.
Neuron-Glial Interactions in Blood-Brain Barrier Formation (2007)

The blood brain barrier (BBB) evolved to preserve the microenvironment of the highly excitable neuronal cells to allow for action potential generation and propagation. Intricate molecular interactions between two main cell types, the neurons and the glial cells, form the underlying basis of the critical functioning of the nervous system across species. In invertebrates, interactions between neurons and glial cells are central in establishing a functional BBB. However, in vertebrates, the BBB formation and function is coordinated by interactions between neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells. Here we review the neuron-glial interaction-based blood barriers in invertebrates and vertebrates and provide an evolutionary perspective as to how a glial-barrier system in invertebrates evolved into an endothelial barrier system. We also summarize the clinical relevance of the BBB as this protective barrier becomes disadvantageous in the pharmacological treatment of various neurological disorders.
Apoptosis as a Mechanism for Liver Disease Progression (2010)

Hepatocyte injury is ubiquitous in clinical practice, and the mode of cell death associated with this injury is often apoptosis, especially by death receptors. Information from experimental systems demonstrates that hepatocyte apoptosis is sufficient to cause liver hepatic fibrogenesis. The mechanisms linking hepatocyte apoptosis to hepatic fibrosis remain incompletely understood, but likely relate to engulfment of apoptotic bodies by professional phagocytic cells and stellate cells, and release of mediators by cells undergoing apoptosis. Inhibition of apoptosis with caspase inhibitors has demonstrated beneficial effects in murine models of hepatic fibrosis. Recent studies implicating Toll-like receptor 9 in liver injury and fibrosis are also of particular interest. Engulfment of apoptotic bodies is one mechanism by which the TLR9 ligand (CpG DNA motifs) could be delivered to this intracellular receptor. These concepts suggest therapy focused on interrupting the cellular mechanisms linking apoptosis to fibrosis would be useful in human liver diseases.
The Postdrome of the Acute Migraine Attack (2005)

This study was performed to document the frequency, duration and types of symptoms of postdrome in migraine patients. Eight hundred and twenty-seven consecutive headache clinic patients (IHS 1.1, 1.2 and 1.5.1) were evaluated at first visit. Postdrome frequency, duration and characteristics were analysed. Sixty-eight per cent of 827 patients reported postdrome (69.1% females; 56.8% males, P<0.007). The average duration of the postdrome was 25.2 h. Fifty-six per cent had postdrome for <or=12 h, 32% for 12-24 h, 88% for <or=24 h, and 12% for >24 h. The commonest symptoms were tiredness (71.8%), head pain (33.1%), cognitive difficulties (11.7%), 'hangover' (10.7%), gastrointestinal symptoms (8.4%), mood change (6.8%), and weakness (6.2%). Patients with postdrome compared with patients without postdrome have more characteristic and more frequent migraine features. This study demonstrated postdrome in 68% of patients, duration<or=24 h in most patients, more often associated with a full-blown migraine attack, more common in females, and with commonest symptoms being tiredness and low-grade headache.
Q-RT-PCR: data analysis software for measurement of gene expression by competitive RT-PCR (1997)

The software can be downloaded from http://www.grad.ttuhsc.edu/archive/. A brief summary in both HTML and Microsoft Word 6 format of the installation and use of the software is also located at this website.
Synthesis of Vinca Alkaloids and Related Compounds XXX. Total Synthesis of (±)-Tacamine, (±)-Apotacamine, and Their 20-Epimers (1986)

h e s y n t h e s i s of ( + ) -t a c a m i n e _1, (+)-apotacamine 2 and t h e i r 20-epimers .
Application of Higher Order Statistics to Surface Electromyogram Signal Classification (2007)

We propose a novel approach for surface electromyogram (sEMG) signal classification. This approach utilizes higher order statistics of sEMG signal to classify four primitive motions, i.e., elbow flexion, elbow extension, forearm supination, and forearm pronation. In documented research, the sEMG signal generated during isometric contraction is modeled by a stationary process whose probability density function (pdf) is assumed to be either Gaussian or Laplacian. In this paper, using Negentropy, we demonstrate that the level of non-Gaussianity of sEMG signal recorded in muscular forces below 25% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) is significant. Therefore, application of higher order statistics in sEMG signal processing is justified, due to the fact that more useful information can be extracted from the corresponding higher order statistics. An accurate classification is achieved by using the sequential forward selection (SFS) method for reducing of the dimensionality of feature space and the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. The results indicate that the proposed approach provides higher sEMG correct classification rates as compared to the existing methods.
Role of aggrecanase 1 in Lyme arthritis (2006)

The induction of ADAMTS-4 by B burgdorferi results in the cleavage of aggrecan, which may be an important first step that leads to permanent degradation of cartilage.
Graphene growth and stability at nickel surfaces (2011)

The formation of single-layer graphene by exposure of a Ni(111) surface to ethylene at low pressure has been investigated. Two different growth regimes were found. At temperatures between 480 and 650 °C, graphene grows on a pure Ni(111) surface in the absence of a carbide. Below 480 °C, graphene growth competes with the formation of a surface Ni2C carbide. This Ni2C phase suppresses the nucleation of graphene. Destabilization of the surface carbide by the addition of Cu to the surface layer facilitates the nucleation and growth of graphene at temperatures below 480 °C. In addition to the growth of graphene on Ni substrates, the interaction between graphene and Ni was also studied. This was done both experimentally by Ni deposition on Ni-supported graphene and by density functional theory calculation of the work of adhesion between graphene and Ni. For graphene sandwiched between two Ni-layers, the work of adhesion between graphene and the Ni substrate was found to be four times as large as that for the Ni-supported graphene without a top layer. This stronger interaction may cause the destruction of graphene that is shown experimentally to occur at ∼200 °C when Ni is deposited on top of Ni-supported graphene. The destruction of graphene allows the Ni deposits to merge with the substrate Ni. After the completion of this process, the graphene sheet is re-formed on top of the Ni substrate, leaving no Ni at the surface.
Caching dynamic content from syndicated web sites (2002)

The Web is growing at a very steady rate and the number of active Web sites doubled in the course of 2001, reaching an estimate of 6.5 million. Dynamically generated documents constitute an increasing percentage of Web content and are also estimated to account for 85% of the volume of the Web. As providing content over the Web becomes common, performance plays the role of a key differentiator among the providers.\n\nWhilst caching has been around well before the emergence of the Internet, it still plays an important role in masking latency and bandwidth hindrances. The cache needs to know when a dynamically generated page changes even a small part of its content, as it then needs to be refreshed. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol provides clear guidelines for proxies, and caching is allowed unless expressly prohibited by the page headers.\tThis is always the case with dynamic pages, which are always tagged uncacheable; this is obviously due their proneness of running stale.\n\nThe solution implemented in this dissertation considers dynamic pages as a collection of autonomous components and employs a process of dissecting the HTML into such components that may then be cached separately. Inherent to this concept is also the groundwork for a strong personalisation framework. Users may specify the components they wish to view and pages with this content may be assembled on the fly using templates. The entire system is proposed as a plug-on to existing web sites that publish dynamic content and that want to improve their performance, and possibly introduce personalisation functionality.\n\nAdministrators assist the page dissection process by highlighting the components on a typical page and providing information about their refresh rate. An important difference between this solution and others that also make use of partial-page-caching is that no input or special markup is required from the page developers.\n\nThis dissertation explains the architecture behind the system and its implementation using a Java platform. All data needed by the system is stored in XML to provide cross-platform compatibility and interoperability.
Derivate der Zucker‐mercaptale, XVIII. Synthese und Derivate der 2.5‐Didesoxy‐<scp>D</scp>‐ribose (1959)

Abstract Das 2‐Desoxy‐ D ‐ribose‐dimethylmercaptal wird mit Tosylchlorid in Pyridin partiell zum 5‐Tosyl‐2‐desoxy‐ D ‐ribose‐dimethylmercaptal tosyliert, welches sich mit LiAlH 4 zum kristallisierten 2.5‐Didesoxy‐ D ‐ribose‐dimethylmercaptal reduzieren läßt. Daraus gewinnt man durch Abspalten von Mercaptan die 2.5‐Didesoxy‐ D ‐ribose. Das 2.5‐Didesoxy‐ D ‐ribose‐mercaptal kann in ein kristallisiertes Bis‐phenylurethan und in das 3.4‐Diacetyl‐2.5‐didesoxy‐ D ‐ribose‐mercaptal übergeführt werden. Letzteres ergibt nach Abspalten von Mercaptan die 3.4‐Diacetyl‐2.5‐didesoxy‐ al ‐ D ‐ribose. Die 1.3‐Diacetyl‐2.5‐didesoxy‐ D ‐ribofuranose wird durch Acetylieren der 2.5‐Didesoxy‐ D ‐ribose gewonnen.
Towards software-friendly networks (2010)

There has usually been a clean separation between networks and the applications that use them. Applications send packets over a simple socket API; the network delivers them. However, there are many occasions when applications can benefit from more direct interaction with the network: to observe more of the current network state and to obtain more control over the network behavior. This paper explores some of the potential benefits of closer interaction between applications and the network. Exploiting the emergence of so-called "software-defined networks" (SDN) built above network-wide control planes, we explore how to build a more "software-friendly network". We present results from a preliminary exploration that aims to provide network services to applications via an explicit communication channel.
A survey on energy and power consumption models for Greener Cloud (2013)

The growing demand of computation, large data storage needed for running a high performance computing enterprise and high dimensional data based web application increases the energy and power consumed by large infrastructure. Cloud computing is providing a solution as part of the Green IT initiative to reduce the adverse environmental impacts and save energy. Our paper describes important metrics of cloud computing which makes it greener. We discuss the various power and energy models and identify major challenges to build a model for Green Cloud. We also discuss the ways to reduce power and energy in terms of cloud computing services. Our work surveys the various models and helps understand the road map for a greener cloud.
THE METRICAL IRREGULARITY OF THE<i>CANTAR DE MIO CID</i> (1963)

BSS Subject Index: COMPARISONS IN LITERATURE & CULTUREEPICORAL TRADITIONVERSIFICATIONPOEMA DE MIO CID/CANTAR DE MIO CID