gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF HVAC FAULTS IN ENERGYPLUS (2011)

One of the big challenges in comparing measured and simulated energy performance of buildings is that most energy models do not capture the significant impact of installation, operational and degradation HVAC system faults on actual energy performance in buildings.EnergyPlus, a comprehensive whole building performance simulation tool, also has limited capability of modeling HVAC faults.The research described in this paper identifies, characterizes and prioritizes common faults of HVAC equipment and control systems, some of which are incorporated in EnergyPlus.This research primarily supports the objective of assessing the effect of HVAC faults on whole building performance -energy consumption, and occupant comfort -for use in retrofit decision analyses for existing buildings.
Applications of Engineered DNA-Binding Molecules Such as TAL Proteins and the CRISPR/Cas System in Biology Research (2015)

Engineered DNA-binding molecules such as transcription activator-like effector (TAL or TALE) proteins and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) (CRISPR/Cas) system have been used extensively for genome editing in cells of various types and species. The sequence-specific DNA-binding activities of these engineered DNA-binding molecules can also be utilized for other purposes, such as transcriptional activation, transcriptional repression, chromatin modification, visualization of genomic regions, and isolation of chromatin in a locus-specific manner. In this review, we describe applications of these engineered DNA-binding molecules for biological purposes other than genome editing.
Lubricant Technology to Enhance the Durability of Low Friction Performance of Gasoline Engine Oils (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes lubricant technology to enhance the durability of the low friction performance of gasoline engine oils which were formulated with molybdenum dithiodicarbamates (MoDTCs) as friction modifiers. This paper also describes an evaluation method which consists of three tests: (1) Our in-house rig test to simulate oil deterioration in an engine stand; (2) Quantitative analysis of MoDTC and ZnDTP in oils and; (3) A friction test (SRV). It was found that the low friction performance of fuel economy engine oils deteriorated primarily due to the consumption of MoDTC and ZnDTP. Calcium salicylates had better durability of low friction performance than calcium sulfonates. Furthermore, sulfurized compounds enhanced the durability. Based on these findings, an experimental oil was formulated. Since this oil achieved a durability of 10000 km in the engine stand test, it was concluded that the durability performance was improved through the lubricant technology by approximately 6000 km.</div>
ULTRAVIOLET‐INDUCED LETHALITY AND REVERSION TO PROTOTROPHY IN <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> STRAINS WITH NORMAL AND REDUCED DARK REPAIR ABILITY (1965)

Abstract— Two derivatives of E. coli B/r having the same auxotrophic marker but differing in their ability to dark repair u.v.‐induced dimers in DNA were compared for their sensitivity to u.v.‐induced lethality and reversion to prototrophy. Ability to dark repair influenced both biological endpoints to the same extent. Thus, dimers may be primary photochemical lesions for both effects. A possible model for the system was proposed. According to this model, organisms which have more than a critical number of dimers are inactivated and organisms with the critical number or slightly fewer, survive as revertants. Post‐irradiation influences which enhance or reduce repair of dimers, in effect shift the population distribution of dimers. The result is either a net increase or decrease in the number of revertants depending upon the U.V. dose and upon whether repair is enhanced or reduced.
Using network RTK corrections and low-cost GPS receiver for precise mass market positioning and navigation applications (2011)

With the advancement in GPS receiver hardware and data processing technologies in recent years, more and more low-cost GPS receivers could output instant high quality carrier phase measurements to provide navigation solutions with an accuracy of a few meters. It is anticipated that improved GPS positioning performance will open doors for many new ITSS and Location-based Services (LBS) applications. This is the reason why the exploitation of the raw carrier phase measurements generated with low-cost receivers has attracted attention of researchers and manufacturers around the world. The University of Nottingham, The Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, and Wuhan University in China have teamed up in recent years to research and develop new positioning and navigation algorithms. These algorithms are used to decode real-time carrier phase measurements from low-cost single frequency GPS receivers, collect instant network RTK corrections via GPRS/3G connections, resolve integer ambiguities and output real-time positioning solutions. A prototype system has been devised and extensively tested using the advanced facilities at the University of Nottingham and in China. It has been found that better than decimeter real-time on-the-fly positioning precision could be achieved. In this paper, the design and structure of this prototype system is introduced first. It is followed by a brief description of the newly developed ambiguity search and resolution technologies. A series of tests under a controlled environment have been conducted and the results are analyzed through comparison with “ground truth” trajectories. Preliminary conclusions are drawn in the paper and discussions are made to further improve the performance of this system.
A Systematic Review of Mechanical LumbarDisc Decompression with Nucleoplasty (2009)

This systematic review illustrates Level II-3 evidence for mechanical lumbar percutaneous disc decompression with nucleoplasty in treatment of leg pain. However, there is no evidence available in managing axial low back pain.
Zn<sup>II</sup>–Salphen Complexes as Versatile Building Blocks for the Construction of Supramolecular Box Assemblies (2005)

Zn(II)-salphen complexes are readily accessible and interesting supramolecular building blocks with a large structural diversity. Higher-order supramolecular assemblies, such as molecular boxes based on a bis-Zn(II)-salphen building block and various ditopic bipyridine ligands, have been constructed by means of supramolecular, coordinative Zn(II)-N(pyr) interactions. The use of bipyridine ligands of differing sizes enables the construction of structures with predefined box diameters. The features of the 2:2 box assemblies were investigated in detail by (variable temperature) NMR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, NMR titrations, and X-ray crystallographic studies. The spectroscopic studies reveal a high association constant for the Zn(II)-salphen-pyridyl motif, which lies in the range 10(5)-10(6) M(-1). The strong interaction between the Zn(II) center and pyridine donors was supported by PM3 calculations that showed a relatively high Lewis acid character of the metal center in the salphen complex. Titration curves monitored by UV-visible show a cooperative effect between the two bipyridine ligands upon complexation to the bis-Zn(II) template, suggesting the formation of 2:2 complexes. The crystal structures of two supramolecular boxes have been determined. In both examples such a 2:2 assembly is present in the solid state, and the box size is different because they consist of different building blocks. Interestingly, the box assemblies line up in the solid state to form porous channels that are potentially useful in a number of applications.
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of Logistics Demand in Ningxia (2013)

In order to accelerate the development of Ningxia's logistic,it is necessary to analyze the historic data and predict the future logistic demand.This paper adopts the multiple linear regression and the SPSS software to build three models and chooses a reasonable one to analyze and predict the logistics demand of Ningxia,using the data from the year of 1985 to 2011.According to the model,the logistics demand of Ningxia in the next five years are predicted,the factors that affect the logistics demand are analyzed.The research results can enrich the decision about the scientific planning of logistics industry.
Development of a low‐cost, industrially suitable medium for the production ofacetic acid from <i>Clostridium thermoaceticum</i> (1997)

To develop a low‐cost, industrially suitable medium for acetic acid production from Clostridium thermo‐aceticum , two waste by‐products of corn ethanol production were evaluated as replacements for the most expensive ingredients in modified Ljungdahl's medium (MLM). Condensed corn solubles (CCS; 66.7 g/l dry matter) resulted in an acetate productivity (0.33 g/h per litre) equivalent to that in MLM during fed‐batch fermentation. Yields in CCS medium were often above the theoretical maximum owing to an unquantifiable substrate in the CCS. Although acetate concentrations in MLM were somewhat higher (35 g/l) than in CCS medium (32 g/l) it seems possible that further acclimation of the microbe could improve acetate production. CCS medium costs of $163/ton (1 U.S. ton = 907 kg) of calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) produced compare favourably with that of MLM ($6973/ton of CMA produced).
[Pravastatin-associated polymyositis, a case report]. (2004)

A 69 year old man complained of general myalgia, arthralgia and muscle weakness in two weeks after he started to take 10 mg per day pravastatin. Symptoms progressed at least for 3 months after withdrawal of the medication. The muscle weakness was more in distal upper extremities and the iliopsoas muscle. Serum CK was 943IU/L. The anti-nuclear and Jo-1 antibody were positive. EMG examinations disclosed fibrillation potentials at rest and myopathic discharges by a voluntary contractor. Symptoms as well as serum CK values improved promptly by treatment with prednisolone. From these clinical and laboratory results, it was speculated that this patient suffered from subacute polymyositis, although pathological studies were not performed. Because of continuing hypercholesterolemia, the patient was retreated with atorvastatin, presenting similar, but less serious symptoms. So far, three cases of statin-associated polymyositis or dermatomyositis were reported. Statins could influence the immune system, but it is still unsettled if statins cause autoimmune polymyositis. This problem warrants further study.
Wet Gas Venturi Metering (2002)

Abstract Multiphase metering is becoming increasingly important in the development of marginal oil and gas fields. Many of these fields are only economically viable if they can be tied back to existing platform infrastructure, reducing the capital expenditure required by significant margins. In such cases, several fields are often tied back to common facilities requiring each unprocessed stream to be metered before co-mingling. Multiphase metering is also a valuable technology in well management, providing on-line information on the production flow; and in well testing, reducing the capital expenditure required to investigate potential new wells. Wet gas metering is at the high gas fraction end of multiphase metering, typically with a gas volume fraction (GVF) above 90%, and mostly above 95%. Standard multiphase meters cannot operate satisfactorily in such conditions. The development of Wet Gas Meters is therefore a key requirement of the oil and gas industry.
Synthesis, radio‐LC–MS analysis and biodistribution in mice of <sup>99m</sup>Tc–NIM–BAT (2003)

Abstract S , S ′‐ bis ‐trityl‐ N ‐BOC‐1,2‐ethylenedicysteamine ( S , S ′‐ bis ‐trityl‐ N ‐BOC–BAT) was conjugated to 2‐nitroimidazole (NIM) through a propylene spacer in order to provide a precursor for a potential technetium‐99 m labelled hypoxia tracer. For labelling with technetium‐99 m, a two‐step one‐pot procedure was developed consisting of deprotection of the ligand by heating in mild acidic conditions and subsequent exchange labelling in the presence of SnCl 2 , tartrate and 99m TcO . The labelling reaction mixture was analyzed using electrospray radio‐LC–MS and the observed mass spectrum corresponding to the main radiometric peak was in accordance with the predicted structure of oxo–Tc(V)–NIM–BAT. 99m Tc–NIM–BAT was purified using RP–HPLC and its biodistribution was evaluated in normal mice at 10 min and 4 h p.i. 99m Tc–NIM–BAT was cleared from plasma mainly by hepatobiliary excretion. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young thrombocytes initiate the formation of arterial thrombi in zebrafish (2005)

The zebrafish system is an excellent vertebrate genetic model to study hemostasis and thrombosis because saturation mutagenesis screens can identify novel genes that play a role in this vital physiologic pathway. To study hemostatic mutations, it is important to understand the physiology of zebrafish hemostasis and thrombosis. Previously, we identified zebrafish thrombocytes and have shown that they participate in arterial thrombus formation. Here, we recognized 2 populations of thrombocytes distinguishable by DiI-C18 (DiI) staining. DiI+ thrombocytes have a high density of adhesive receptors and are functionally more active than DiI- thrombocytes. We classified DiI+ thrombocytes as young and DiI- thrombocytes as mature thrombocytes. We found young and mature thrombocytes each formed independent clusters and that young thrombocytes clustered first. We have also shown that young thrombocytes initiate arterial thrombus formation. We propose that due to the increased adhesive receptor density on young thrombocytes, they adhere first to the subendothelial matrix, get activated rapidly, release agonists, and recruit more young thrombocytes, which further release more agonists. This increase in agonists activates the less active mature thrombocytes, drawing them to the growing thrombus. Since arterial thrombus formation is a fundamental hemostatic event, this mechanism may be conserved in mammals and may open new avenues for prevention of arterial thrombosis.
Mapping techniques for transmit diversity precoding in SC-FDMA systems with four transmit antennas (2009)

Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) is a recent modulation technique combining most of the advantages of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) with the low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of single-carrier transmission. This paper presents the key design criteria for space-time and space-frequency transmit diversity precoding in SC-FDMA with four transmit antennas. In particular, we propose a novel quasi-orthogonal space-time-frequency precoding. We show that our proposed precoding conserves the single-carrier property of the signal on all of the four transmit antennas with improved performance at the expense of a slight increase of the frame granularity with respect to existing space-frequency solutions.
Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Trafficking of TRIM8, a Novel Oncogene, Is Involved in Positive Regulation of TNF Induced NF-κB Pathway (2012)

TNF induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the central signaling pathways that plays a critical role in carcinogenesis and inflammatory diseases. Post-translational modification through ubiquitin plays important role in the regulation of this pathway. In the current study, we investigated the role of TRIM8, member of RING family ubiquitin ligase in regulation of NF-κB pathway. We observed that TRIM8 positively regulates TNF induced NF-κB pathway. Different domains of TRIM8 showed discrete functions at the different steps in regulation of TNF induced NF-κB pathway. Ubiquitin ligase activity of TRIM8 is essential for regulation of NF-κB activation in both cytoplasm as well as nucleus. TRIM8 negates PIAS3 mediated negative repression of NF-κB at p65 by inducing translocation of PIAS3 from nucleus to cytoplasm as well as its turnover. TNF induces translocation of TRIM8 from nucleus to cytoplasm, which positively regulates NF-κB. The cytoplasmic translocation of TRIM8 is essential for TNF induced NF-κB but not for p65 mediated NF-κB regulation. TRIM8 also enhanced the clonogenic and migration ability of cells by modulating NF-κB. The further study will help to understand the role of TRIM8 in inflammation and cancer.
Astaxanthin Supplementation Increases Glutathione Concentrations but Does Not Impact Fat Oxidation During Exercise in Active Young Men (2021)

This study investigated the effects of 6 mg/day of astaxanthin supplementation on markers of oxidative stress and substrate metabolism during a graded exercise test in active young men. A double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over design was used. Fourteen men (age = 23 ± 2 years) supplemented with 6 mg/day of astaxanthin and a placebo for 4 weeks, with a 1 week washout period between treatments. Following each supplementation period, a fasting blood sample was obtained to measure markers of oxidative stress: glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, advanced oxidation protein products, and malondialdehyde. Participants also completed a graded exercise test after each treatment to determine substrate utilization during exercise at increasing levels of intensity. Glutathione was ∼7% higher following astaxanthin compared with placebo (1,233 ± 133 vs. 1,156 ± 185 μM, respectively; p = .02, d = 0.48). Plasma hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were not different between treatments (p > .05). Although not statistically significant (p = .45), advanced oxidation protein products were reduced by ∼28%. During the graded exercise test, mean fat oxidation rates were not different between treatments (p > .05); however, fat oxidation decreased from 50 to 120 W (p < .001) and from 85 to 120 W (p = .004) in both conditions. Astaxanthin supplementation of 6 mg/day for 4 weeks increased whole blood levels of the antioxidant glutathione in active young men but did not affect oxidative stress markers or substrate utilization during exercise. Astaxanthin appears to be an effective agent to increase endogenous antioxidant status.
Reactivity of a panel of neurofilament antibodies on phosphorylated and dephosphorylated neurofilaments. (1986)

The work of the Sternbergers and their colleagues has shown that monoclonal antibodies reactive with neurofilament subunit proteins may be sensitive to the state of phosphorylation of these proteins. We therefore examined the ability of our previously described panel of monoclonal and polyclonal neurofilament antibodies to bind to normal and to enzymatically dephosphorylated neurofilament subunits. All the monospecific antibodies, both mono- and polyclonal, which we had previously documented as reactive with neurofilament H protein proved to bind only to the phosphorylated form of this protein, and H antibody staining of neurofilamentous profiles in frozen sections could be abolished by appropriate pretreatment of sections with alkaline phosphatase. In contrast, all monospecific antibodies, both mono- and polyclonal, reactive with native M and L proved to bind with apparently undiminished affinity following enzymatic dephosphorylation of the appropriate antigen, either in frozen sections or on Western blots. The class of monoclonal antibodies which react with both H and M were variable in their response to dephosphorylated neurofilaments; some completely lost their reactivity whilst others were partially or wholly unaffected. We stained frozen sections of nervous tissues from various mammalian species with the panel of antibodies, and observed filamentous staining of the perikarya and dendrites of a variety of different types of neuron with all antibodies, both mono- and polyclonal, directed against L and M. Antibodies with strong reactivity for phosphorylated H always failed to stain neurofilamentous dendritic and perikaryal profiles. We further describe the isolation and characterization of a new monoclonal antibody, which recognizes both phosphorylated and enzymatically dephosphorylated forms of H.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electric Breakdown Characteristics of Silicon Dioxide Films for Use in Microfabricated Ion Engine Accelerator Grids (2000)

A STRONG interest has arisen recently within the space community to develop micropropulsion devices capable of delivering very low thrust levels and impulse bit values while featuring engine sizes and masses orders of magnitude smaller than are available with current technologies.' Applications for such devices would span the propulsion needs of some of the smallest and largest spacecraft currently being envisioned by NASA and the U.S. Air Force, ranging from primary and attitude control of microspacecraft to precise positioning control of spacecraft constellations for interferometry or military Earth-observing radar missions and compensation of solar pressure-induced torques on large inflatable spacecraft. ~ icros~acecraf t? ypically defined as spacecraft having wet masses of a few tens of kilograms or less, are being considered to reduce overall mission cost. Since launch costs are determined to a large extent by spacecraft mass and may contribute as much as 30% to the cost of a mission, microspacecraft will be less expensive to launch, thus allowing for more frequent access to space. Microspacecraft may also be deployed in fleets or constellations, charting entire regions of space and reducing mission risk by not relying on a single craft. However, microspacecraft require radically new approaches in design, both on the system and on the component level. While significant progress in that
Oxidation chemistry of ruthenium-salen complexes (1989)

The synthesis of [RuIII(salen)(X)(Y)]n [n = -1, (X)(Y) = (CN)2; n = 0, (X)(Y) = (PPh3)(PBu3), (PPh3)(py); n = 1, (X)(Y) = (PPh3)(N3), (PPh3)(TsO) (TsO = tosylate anion)] from [RuIII(salen)(PPh3)(Cl)] is described. These ruthenium(III) complexes are dark green air-stable solids. Their cyclic voltammograms display reversible Ru(IV)/Ru(III) and Ru(III)/Ru(II) couples with E° ranging from 0.37 to 0.76 V and -0.47 to -1.06 V vs Ag/AgNO3 (0.1 M), respectively. At room temperature, they catalyze oxidation of alkenes by PhIO. With norbornene and cyclooctene, epoxides are formed. For arenes, oxidative cleavage of C=C bond is the major reaction pathway. The mechanism of the catalytic oxidation is discussed. © 1989 American Chemical Society.
A Miniature Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Array and GC For Space Flight: Astronaut EVA and Cabin-Air Monitoring (2000)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A miniature quadrupole mass spectrometer array and gas chromatograph have been designed and built for NASA flight missions. Without the gas chromatograph the mass spectrometer is to be used for detection, by astronauts in EVA, of N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, the hydrazines, and NH3 leaks in the hull of the International Space Station, and of adsorbed hydrazines on the astronauts’ suits. The fully-adapted astronaut system, with all software and visual readout, is called the Trace Gas Analyzer. When interfaced with the miniature gas chromatographic system, the mass spectrometer will be useful for a variety of NASA missions involving more complex gas mixtures. The missions include planetary exploration (to Venus, Europa, Titan, <i>etc</i>.), as well as cabin-air monitoring for long-duration human flight to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. A description of the miniature mass spectrometer, the Trace Gas Analyzer system and miniature gas chromatograph front end is given, and test results are shown for a variety of gas mixtures. A variety of possible flight applications is discussed.</div></div>