gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of potato lectin and the nature of its glycoprotein linkages (1978)

1. Potato lectin is a glycoprotein that contains about 47% (by weight) l-arabinose, 3% d-galactose and 11% hydroxyproline. It has a monomeric molecular weight of about 50000 and probably exists as a monomer–dimer system in aqueous solution, with the monomer predominating. It has a very high viscosity, which would indicate either that the molecule is very expanded or that it is an elongated ellipsoid. 2. After prolonged proteolytic digestion of a reduced and carboxymethylated derivative of the lectin, a glycopeptide was isolated (of mol.wt. 32000–34000) that included all the carbohydrate and hydroxyproline of the original glycoprotein but less than 30% of the total original amino acid residues. 3. The arabinose of the glycoprotein is present exclusively as the β-arabinofuranoside and this includes those residues that are directly linked to the hydroxyproline residues of the polypeptide chain. All the arabinose of the glycoprotein is linked to the polypeptide chain through the hydroxyproline residues; the ratio of arabinose to hydroxyproline is 3.4:1. Although α-arabinofuranosides are known to be present in arabinans and arabinogalactans, the natural occurrence of β-arabinofuranosides has not previously been reported. 4. Nine or ten serine residues of the polypeptide chain are substituted with single α-galactopyranoside residues that can be removed by the action of α-galactosidase from coffee beans but not by a β-galactosidase. This is the first report of an α-galactoside linkage to serine. The effect of α-galactosidase is much greater on a glycopeptide from which the arabinose has been already removed, which indicates a steric hindrance of the galactosidase action by adjacent chains of arabinosides. 5. In 0.5m-NaOH (pH13.7), galactose residues were removed from the serine residues of the glycopeptide by a process of β-elimination. This reaction took place very slowly in the intact glycopeptide but much more rapidly when the arabinofuranoside residues had been removed. This inhibitory effect of the arabinofuranoside residues on the β-elimination reaction is likely to be due to a negative charge on the hydroxy groups of the adjacent arabinofuranoside residues, which would be ionized at this high pH value. 6. It is suggested that potato lectin may be representative of a class of soluble plant glycoproteins that would include precursors of the cell-wall glycoprotein extensin. If this is the case, extensin should also contain β-l-arabinofuranosides linked to hydroxyproline and α-d-galactopyranosides linked to serine residues of the polypeptide chain.
Management of patients with increased risk for familial pancreatic cancer: updated recommendations from the International Cancer of the Pancreas Screening (CAPS) Consortium (2019)

Pancreatic surveillance is recommended for selected high-risk individuals to detect early pancreatic cancer and its high-grade precursors, but should be performed in a research setting by multidisciplinary teams in centres with appropriate expertise. Until more evidence supporting these recommendations is available, the benefits, risks and costs of surveillance of pancreatic surveillance need additional evaluation.
Use of hydrogen peroxide as a biocide: new consideration of its mechanisms of biocidal action (2012)

Hydrogen peroxide is extensively used as a biocide, particularly in applications where its decomposition into non-toxic by-products is important. Although increasing information on the biocidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide is available, there is still little understanding of its biocidal mechanisms of action. This review aims to combine past and novel evidence of interactions between hydrogen peroxide and the microbial cell and its components, while reflecting on alternative applications that make use of gaseous hydrogen peroxide. It is currently believed that the Fenton reaction leading to the production of free hydroxyl radicals is the basis of hydrogen peroxide action and evidence exists for this reaction leading to oxidation of DNA, proteins and membrane lipids in vivo. Investigations of DNA oxidation suggest that the oxidizing radical is the ferryl radical formed from DNA-associated iron, not hydroxyl. Investigations of protein oxidation suggest that selective oxidation of certain proteins might occur, and that vapour-phase hydrogen peroxide is a more potent oxidizer of protein than liquid-phase hydrogen peroxide. Few studies have investigated membrane damage by hydrogen peroxide, though it is suggested that this is important for the biocidal mechanism. No studies have investigated damage to microbial cell components under conditions commonly used for sterilization. Despite extensive studies of hydrogen peroxide toxicity, the mechanism of its action as a biocide requires further investigation.
RECENT ADVANCES IN CONTENT-BASED VIDEO ANALYSIS (2001)

In this paper, we present major issues in video parsing, abstraction, retrieval and semantic analysis. We discuss the success, the difficulties and the expectations in these areas. In addition, we identify important opened problems that can lead to more sophisticated ways of video content analysis. For video parsing, we discuss topics in video partitioning, motion characterization and object segmentation. The success in video parsing, in general, will have a great impact on video representation and retrieval. We present three levels of abstracting video content by scene, keyframe and key object representations. These representation schemes in overall serve as a good start for video retrieval. We then describe visual features, in particular motion, and similarity measures adopted for retrieval. Next, we discuss the recent computational approaches in bridging the semantic gap for video content understanding.
Synthesis and Solid State <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>19</sup>F NMR Characterization of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carboxylic Acid Fluoride Polymers (1997)

A new chemical/spectroscopic couple that differentiates aromatic from aliphatic carboxylic acid polymers was developed. The method is complementary to more traditional methods of identification (IR) and is applicable to the analysis of complex mixtures where IR determinations are complicated by extensive vibrational band overlap. The method entails (1) conversion of carboxylic acids into acid fluorides and (2) specific detection of the resonances of the acid fluoride carbon and of the carbon directly attached to the carbonyl carbon by solid state (19)F-(13)C cross polarization (CP)/MAS (13)C NMR. The assignment of the chemical shift of the latter resonance to either the sp(2) or sp(3) carbon resonance manifold specifies the nature of the acid functionality. The preparation of the acid fluoride derivatives of several polymers containing aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid functionality was evaluated using sulfur tetrafluoride (SF(4)), diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST), cyanuric fluoride, and thionyl fluoride. Room temperature reactions using DAST in methylene chloride or neat SF(4) gave the acid fluorides in yields ≥90% for the acids studied. Aromatic acid fluoride yields were essentially quantitative. Aliphatic acid fluorides were contaminated with the anhydride of the acid. The acid fluoride polymers were characterized by solid state (13)C and (19)F MAS/NMR.
Calculs et mesures de l'activation induite dans les bétons de protection d'un accélérateur d'ions de haute énergie (2000)

Le synchrotron Saturne II, installé sur le site du CEA Saclay fonctionnant depuis 1979 devrait être démantelé dans les prochaines années. Saturne pouvait accélérer des protons, des deutons, des hélions, et desions lourds (jusqu'au Krypton) avec une énergie en protons de 100 à 2 900 MeV. Des calculs avec un code Monte Carlo (FLUKA), couplé à un code de calcul d'activation/évolution (DARWIN/PEPIN) ont été menés pour prédire l'activation dans les protections en béton de l'accélérateur. Les produits d'activation sont en majorité dus à des réactions de capture de type (n, γ), 22 % de l'activation étant due à des neutrons d'énergie supérieure à 20 MeV226type (n,p) ; (n, spallation) etc. Ces calculs ont été comparés à des mesures des émetteurs γ, du 3H, du 45Ca et du 55Fe d'échantillons prélevés par carottage sur des bétons ordinaires (2,35 g cm-3), lourd baryté (3,6 g cm-3) et très lourd riblonné (4,8 g cm-3). Le rapport entre calcul et mesure varie de 1 à 6 suivant le type de béton considéré et la profondeur de protection. De même, les mesures ont été comparées à d'autres pour des accélérateurs différents (énergie et particules). On montre que l'activation dépend de la charge intégrée sur les cibles de production et de l'énergie des particules notamment pour le profil d'activation en profondeur.
Computer-aided classification of lung nodules on computed tomography images via deep learning technique (2015)

Lung cancer has a poor prognosis when not diagnosed early and unresectable lesions are present. The management of small lung nodules noted on computed tomography scan is controversial due to uncertain tumor characteristics. A conventional computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme requires several image processing and pattern recognition steps to accomplish a quantitative tumor differentiation result. In such an ad hoc image analysis pipeline, every step depends heavily on the performance of the previous step. Accordingly, tuning of classification performance in a conventional CAD scheme is very complicated and arduous. Deep learning techniques, on the other hand, have the intrinsic advantage of an automatic exploitation feature and tuning of performance in a seamless fashion. In this study, we attempted to simplify the image analysis pipeline of conventional CAD with deep learning techniques. Specifically, we introduced models of a deep belief network and a convolutional neural network in the context of nodule classification in computed tomography images. Two baseline methods with feature computing steps were implemented for comparison. The experimental results suggest that deep learning methods could achieve better discriminative results and hold promise in the CAD application domain.
Massive Cerebral Calcification in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: an Report of an Unusual Case (1994)

A 38-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and an acute neurological event was studied with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR). Marked intracranial calcification mimicking that seen in hypoparathyroid states was found. The clinical significance of this finding is not clear and the mechanism for cerebral calcification remains unknown.
Opportunistic sensing: Security challenges for the new paradigm (2009)

We study the security challenges that arise in opportunistic people-centric sensing, a new sensing paradigm leveraging humans as part of the sensing infrastructure. Most prior sensor-network research has focused on collecting and processing environmental data using a static topology and an application-aware infrastructure, whereas opportunistic sensing involves collecting, storing, processing and fusing large volumes of data related to everyday human activities. This highly dynamic and mobile setting, where humans are the central focus, presents new challenges for information security, because data originates from sensors carried by people - not tiny sensors thrown in the forest or attached to animals. In this paper we aim to instigate discussion of this critical issue, because opportunistic people-centric sensing will never succeed without adequate provisions for security and privacy. To that end, we outline several important challenges and suggest general solutions that hold promise in this new sensing paradigm.
A digitally tuned reconfigurable patch antenna for IoT devices (2017)

In this paper, a reconfigurable patch antenna design operating at 868MHz for Low Power Wide Area Network (LoRa), 1.58 GHz for Global Positioning System (GPS) and 2.4 GHz for Bluetooth is presented. The design is reconfigurable thanks to the integration of a digitally tunable capacitor (DTC). The DTC capacitance changes according to a 5 bits' sequence command. A microcontroller is used to assign the required sequence, and thus leading to frequency reconfiguration. The antenna is a circular patch with a gain that varies from 0.2 dB to 6 dB based on the desired frequency of operation and the reconfiguration state. The antenna is designed for internet of things (IoT) applications.
Catalysis in a Porous Molecular Capsule: Activation by Regulated Access to Sixty Metal Centers Spanning a Truncated Icosahedron (2012)

The 30 cationic {Mo(V)2O4(acetate)}(+) units linking 12 negatively charged pentagonal "ligands," {(Mo(VI))Mo(VI)5O21(H2O)6}(6-) of the porous metal-oxide capsule, [{Mo(VI)6O21(H2O)6}12{Mo(V)2O4(acetate)}30](42-) provide active sites for catalytic transformations of organic "guests". This is demonstrated using a well-behaved model reaction, the fully reversible cleavage and formation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) under mild conditions in water. Five independent lines of evidence demonstrate that reactions of the MTBE guests occur in the ca. 6 × 10(3) Å(3) interior of the spherical capsule. The Mo atoms of the {Mo(V)2O4(acetate)}(+) linkers--spanning an ca. 3-nm truncated icosahedron--are sterically accessible to substrate, and controlled removal of their internally bound acetate ligands generates catalytically active {Mo(V)2O4(H2O)2}(2+) units with labile water ligands, and Lewis- and Brønsted-acid properties. The activity of these units is demonstrating by kinetic data that reveal a first-order dependence of MTBE cleavage rates on the number of acetate-free {Mo(V)2O4(H2O)2}(2+) linkers. DFT calculations point to a pathway involving both Mo(V) centers, and the intermediacy of isobutene in both forward and reverse reactions. A plausible catalytic cycle--satisfying microscopic reversibility--is supported by activation parameters for MTBE cleavage, deuterium and oxygen-18 labeling studies, and by reactions of deliberately added isobutene and of a water-soluble isobutene analog. More generally, pore-restricted encapsulation, ligand-regulated access to multiple structurally integral metal-centers, and options for modifying the microenvironment within this new type of nanoreactor, suggest numerous additional transformations of organic substrates by this and related molybdenum-oxide based capsules.
Design and synthesis of acidic dipeptide hydroxamate inhibitors of procollagenC-proteinase (2000)

Procollagen C-proteinase (PCP) is essential for the cleavage of procollagen to collagen in the extracellular matrix of animals and is, therefore, of major relevance to studies of ectopic deposition of collagen during fibrosis. In this study, we describe the design and synthesis of acidic side chain hydroxamate dipeptide inhibitors of PCP having IC50 values in the range 0.1-10 microM that mimic the location of aspartic acid residues in the P1' and P2' positions (i.e. immediately C-terminal) of the PCP cleavage site in procollagen. Assays of PCP using purified human type I procollagen (a natural substrate of PCP) showed that the structure activity relationship of the inhibitors was improved with a glutamic acid mimic at the P1' position. The results also showed that the presence of an acidic side chain at the P2' position was not necessary for PCP inhibition. Marimastat and BB3103, which are highly effective inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases and ADAMS proteinases, respectively, did not inhibit PCP.
Effect of Types Polyols on Surfactant Phase Emulsification (1986)

Fine and uniform oil-in-water emulsions were prepared by surfactant (D) phase emulsification. Polyols were essential components for this purpose. To understand the functions of polyols, the solution behavior of nonionic surfactant/oil/water/polyol systems were investigated by the ternary phase diagrams of oleyl poly (oxyethylene) ether/liquid paraffin/polyol aqueous solutions. The addition of alkenediols: 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, and 1, 2-propanediol, increased the solubility of oil in the isotropic surfactant phase and the mutual solubility between the aqueous solution and surfactant. The addition of other polyols : glycerol, polyglycerol 500, polyethylene glycol 400, 600, and D-sorbitol, had the opposite tendency.Alkanediols have been found to give finer oil-in-water emulsions than those of the other polyols, and other polyols to be useful for emulsification by hydrophilic surfactants.
Salt concentration, pH and pressure controlled separation of small molecules through lamellar graphene oxide membranes (2013)

For the first time, pressure, salt concentration and pH demonstrated advantages for tuning the nanochannels within lamellar graphene oxide (LGO) membranes to control the separation of small molecules. This provides a new avenue for designing and engineering efficient LGO membranes for molecular separation.
Efficacy, Dosage, and Duration of Action of Branched Chain Amino Acid Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury (2015)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in long-lasting cognitive impairments for which there is currently no accepted treatment. A well-established mouse model of mild to moderate TBI, lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI), shows changes in network excitability in the hippocampus including a decrease in net synaptic efficacy in area CA1 and an increase in net synaptic efficacy in dentate gyrus. Previous studies identified a novel therapy consisting of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), which restored normal mouse hippocampal responses and ameliorated cognitive impairment following FPI. However, the optimal BCAA dose and length of treatment needed to improve cognitive recovery is unknown. In the current study, mice underwent FPI then consumed 100 mM BCAA supplemented water ad libitum for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 days. BCAA therapy ameliorated cognitive impairment at 5 and 10 days duration. Neither BCAA supplementation at 50 mM nor BCAAs when dosed 5 days on then 5 days off was sufficient to ameliorate cognitive impairment. These results suggest that brain injury causes alterations in hippocampal function, which underlie and contribute to hippocampal cognitive impairment, which are reversible with at least 5 days of BCAA treatment, and that sustaining this effect is dependent on continuous treatment. Our findings have profound implications for the clinical investigation of TBI therapy.
Determination of the stoichiometry of protein complexes using liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection of fluorescently labeled proteolytic peptides (2004)

A method for the determination of the stoichiometry of protein complexes has been developed, which is based on proteolytic digestion of the complex, labeling with a fluorescent reagent, specific for amino or sulfhydryl groups, and separation by liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection. The intensity of the fluorescence signal of the labeled peptides resulting from different proteins is directly proportional to the stoichiometry of these proteins in the complex. The performance of the method was evaluated with standard peptides and proteins to ensure that accurate molar ratios can be obtained from the fluorescence chromatogram. Standard deviations of the measured molar ratio from the expected molar ratio were below 10% for both peptides and proteins. The method was finally employed for the determination of the stoichiometry of the 1:1 complex of sFc gamma RIII and hFc1. Using the described methodology, a stoichiometry of 1:1.1 was measured, which agrees well with a 1:1 complex.
Genesis and prevention of spinal neural tube defects in the <i>curly tail</i> mutant mouse: involvement of retinoic acid and its nuclear receptors RAR-β and RAR-γ (1995)

A role for all-trans-retinoic acid in spinal neurulation is suggested by: (1) the reciprocal domains of expression of the retinoic acid receptors RAR-beta and RAR-gamma in the region of the closed neural tube and open posterior neuropore, respectively, and (2) the preventive effect of maternally administered retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) on spinal neural tube defects in curly tail (ct/ct) mice. Using in situ hybridisation and computerised image analysis we show here that in ct/ct embryos, RAR-beta transcripts are deficient in the hindgut endoderm, a tissue whose proliferation rate is abnormal in the ct mutant, and RAR-gamma transcripts are deficient in the tail bud and posterior neuropore region. The degree of deficiency of RAR-gamma transcripts is correlated with the severity of delay of posterior neuropore closure. As early as 2 hours following RA treatment at 10 days 8 hours post coitum, i.e. well before any morphogenetic effects are detectable, RAR-beta expression is specifically upregulated in the hindgut endoderm, and the abnormal expression pattern of RAR-gamma is also altered. These results suggest that the spinal neural tube defects which characterise the curly tail phenotype may be due to interaction between the ct gene product and one or more aspects of the retinoic acid signalling pathway.
Tracking Table Tennis Balls In Real Match Scenes For Umpiring Applications (2011)

Judging the legitimacy of table tennis services presents many challenges where technology can be<br> judiciously applied to enhance decision-making. This paper presents a purpose-built system to<br> automatically detect and track the ball during table-tennis services to enable precise judgment over<br> their legitimacy in real-time. The system comprises a suite of algorithms which adaptively exploit<br> spatial and temporal information from real match video sequences, which are generally<br> characterised by high object motion, allied with object blurring and occlusion. Experimental<br> results on a diverse set of table-tennis test sequences corroborate the system performance in<br> facilitating consistently accurate and efficient decision-making over the validity of a service.
Complexity of two-level logic minimization (2006)

The complexity of two-level logic minimization is a topic of interest to both computer-aided design (CAD) specialists and computer science theoreticians. In the logic synthesis community, two-level logic minimization forms the foundation for more complex optimization procedures that have significant real-world impact. At the same time, the computational complexity of two-level logic minimization has posed challenges since the beginning of the field in the 1960s; indeed, some central questions have been resolved only within the last few years, and others remain open. This recent activity has classified some logic optimization problems of high practical relevance, such as finding the minimal sum-of-products (SOP) form and maximal term expansion and reduction. This paper surveys progress in the field with self-contained expositions of fundamental early results, an account of the recent advances, and some new classifications. It includes an introduction to the relevant concepts and terminology from computational complexity, as well a discussion of the major remaining open problems in the complexity of logic minimization
Charge‐remote fragmentation of peptides derivatized with 4‐aminonaphthalenesulphonic acid (1994)

A series of small peptides has been studied by negative-ion fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation. It has been found that by derivatizing peptides with 4-aminonaphthalenesulphonic acid in a peptide linkage at the C-terminus, negative-ion formation can be enhanced and fragmentation in collision-induced dissociation reactions controlled. The peptide-naphthalenesulphonates show charge-remote fragmentations and the resultant spectra give sequence information.