gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow Analyses Inside Jet Pumps Used for Oil Wells (2013)

Jet pump is one type of artificial lifts and is used when depth and deviation of producing wells increases and pressure depletion occurs. In the present study, numerical analysis has been carried out to analyze the flow behavior and find the performance of the jet pump. Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes equations were solved and k-<TEX>${\varepsilon}$</TEX> turbulence model was used for simulations. Water and light oil as primary fluids were used to pump water, light oil and heavy oil. The ratios of area and length to diameter of the mixing tube were considered as design parameters. The pump efficiency was considered to maximize for the downhole conditions. It was found that the increase in viscosity and density of the secondary fluid reduced efficiency of the system. Water as primary fluid produced better efficiency than the light oil. It was also found that the longer throat length increased efficiency upto 40% if light oil was used as primary fluid and secondary fluid viscosity was 350 cSt.
Definition and evaluation of mucosal healing in clinical practice (2013)

Since the introduction of biological therapy, endoscopic and histological remission, i.e. mucosal healing, has become an important therapeutic goal in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Mucosal healing is associated with lower rates of hospitalization and surgery, although its role in preventing progression and changing the natural history of the disease has not been clearly demonstrated. A precise definition of mucosal healing has not yet been established, although the concept used in clinical trials is the "complete absence of all inflammatory and ulcerative lesions in all segments of gut" at endoscopy. This definition does not include mucosal improvement and does not distinguish among grades of mucosal healing. In both Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis trials, several qualitative and quantitative numeric endoscopic indices have been proposed to measure and distinguish endoscopic changes. In addition, the microscopic features associated with inflammatory bowel diseases are considerably modified by the course of the disease and the treatments adopted. However, it is not yet clear whether microscopic healing should be a primary endpoint in clinical trials. In this paper we discuss endoscopic and histological findings and the limitations of the endoscopic and histological indices as a basis for a standardised diagnosis of mucosal healing.
Synchronous latency insensitive design (2004)

It has long been recognized that the on-going scaling leads to severe problems with wire delays, which eventually will become a showstopper for further scaling. Several methods to mitigate these problems have been suggested, maybe the most realistic one being the global asynchronous local synchronous (GALS) approach. In the same time we have learned how to manage system complexity through powerful methodologies, design flows and tools, based on the very successful paradigm of synchronous logic. The problem we face now is how to combine this successful paradigm with the need for mitigating wire delays. In this paper we will give a brief overview of onchip interconnect properties and the wire delay crisis. We will shortly review various proposals to manage the wire delay problem. Finally we propose a new solution, synchronous latency insensitive design, which manages the wire delay problem without disturbing the synchronous paradigm. The new solution is a variation of the GALS approach, which accepts large variations in clock skew and data latency, is completely synchronous at RTL level, has a completely synchronous implementation and can be implemented with only standard digital library cells. The proposed approach can also be extended to multiple clock frequencies. Summary form given only.
Electrochemistry of polyacetylene, (CH) x : electrochemical doping of (CH) x films to the metallic state (1979)

When silvery films of the semiconducting polymer, cis-‘polyacetylene,’(CH)x, are used as the anode in the electrolysis of aqueous KI solutions or methylene chloride solutions of [Bun4N]+[ClO4]–, films of (CHIy)x and [CH(ClO4)y]x, respectively, are obtained which, for the compositions [CHI0·07]x and [CH(ClO4)0·0645]x have high conductivities characteristic of the metallic state.
Using a Smart Phone as a Standalone Platform for Detection and Monitoring of Pathological Tremors (2013)

A smart phone application for tremor quantification and online analysis was developed. Then, smart phone results were compared to those obtained simultaneously with a laboratory accelerometer. Finally, results from the smart phone were compared to clinical tremor assessments.
Radio telemetry of intraocular pressure in vitro. (1977)

A guard ring pressure transensor, using the principles of surface applanation, was used to transmit intraocular pressure (IOP) from a cadaver canine eye. The transensor consisted of a passive resonant coil/capacitor combination, made pressure sensitive by the movement of a small ferrite plate which acted as its applanating surface. Oscillation induced in the transensor by a remote grid dip oscillator (GDO) was monitored by a digital frequency counter (DFC). The resonant frequency of oscillation in the transensor bore a linear relationship to the in vitro IOP in three separate experiments (coefficient of determination for linear regression, r2 equals 0.90). These data indicate that radio telemetry is feasible, using a miniature applanating passive radio telemetric device for continual monitoring of IOP.
A General Method for Extracting Individual Coupling Constants from Crowded <sup>1</sup>H NMR Spectra (2015)

Couplings between protons, whether scalar or dipolar, provide a wealth of structural information. Unfortunately, the high number of (1)H-(1)H couplings gives rise to complex multiplets and severe overlap in crowded spectra, greatly complicating their measurement. Many different methods exist for disentangling couplings, but none approaches optimum resolution. Here, we present a general new 2D J-resolved method, PSYCHEDELIC, in which all homonuclear couplings are suppressed in F2, and only the couplings to chosen spins appear, as simple doublets, in F1. This approaches the theoretical limit for resolving (1)H-(1)H couplings, with close to natural linewidths and with only chemical shifts in F2. With the same high sensitivity and spectral purity as the parent PSYCHE pure shift experiment, PSYCHEDELIC offers a robust method for chemists seeking to exploit couplings for structural, conformational, or stereochemical analyses.
Analysis of TISPAN requirements for Connected Identity in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2006)

ETSI TISPAN has presented Next Generation Network (NGN) requirements
for the delivery of two identities for the caller and two identities
for the callee in a SIP INVITE-initiated dialog. Although the solution
for this in SIP is relatively straightforward for caller identity, the
delivery of callee identity presents some additional problems. This
document discusses the issues and suggests some candidate solutions.
This work is being discussed on the sip@ietf.org mailing list.
A face recognition system using holistic regional feature extraction (2002)

Two new face recognition systems are proposed using auto-associative backpropagation neural network feature extractors on facial regions in conjunction with key facial structure measurements. A third proposed system combines the first two systems using confidence measurements to select a best match. A Cottrell/Fleming face recognition network and a structural face data network are also implemented and evaluated. A training set of 60 images and a test set of 12 images, acquired under uncontrolled conditions, were used to evaluate system performances. The first two proposed systems correctly selected 67 percent of the training images when presented with the test image set. The third proposed system achieved a recognition rate of 75 percent. By comparison, the Cottrell/Fleming network and the structural data network achieved recognition rates of 25 percent and 8 percent, respectively.
Yields of fibronectin by heparin-cold-precipitation from plasma. (1990)

Fibronectin prepared by heparin-cold-precipitation from 10 packs each of 24-hour plasma, stored plasma and 6-hour frozen plasma was assayed by electroimmunodiffusion. Its yield obtained from 24-hour plasma was significantly higher than that from stored plasma (p less than 0.01) indicating a decline with storage. Freezing of plasma within 6 hours retards degradation of fibronectin. Therefore, 24-hour plasma or 6-hour frozen plasma should be used to prepare fibronectin in order to achieve a better yield.
A method for improving classification reliability of multilayer perceptrons (1995)

Criteria for evaluating the classification reliability of a neural classifier and for accordingly making a reject option are proposed. Such an option, implemented by means of two rules which can be applied independently of topology, size, and training algorithms of the neural classifier, allows one to improve the classification reliability. It is assumed that a performance function P is defined which, taking into account the requirements of the particular application, evaluates the quality of the classification in terms of recognition, misclassification, and reject rates. Under this assumption the optimal reject threshold value, determining the best trade-off between reject rate and misclassification rate, is the one for which the function P reaches its absolute maximum. No constraints are imposed on the form of P, but the ones necessary in order that P actually measures the quality of the classification process. The reject threshold is evaluated on the basis of some statistical distributions characterizing the behavior of the classifier when operating without reject option; these distributions are computed once the training phase of the net has been completed. The method has been tested with a neural classifier devised for handprinted and multifont printed characters, by using a database of about 300000 samples. Experimental results are discussed.
NF-X2 that binds to the DRA X2-box is activator protein 1. Expression cloning of c-Jun. (1990)

Human class II MHC Ag are a family of cell surface glycoproteins. Their constitutive expression is limited to B lymphocytes and thymic epithelial cells. In many other cells their expression can be induced by IFN-gamma. Conserved upstream promoter sequences regulate this tissue-specific expression of class II genes. In the DRA promoter, one of these cis-acting regulatory motifs is the X2-box to which nuclear factor X2 (NF-X2) binds. Here, we present the isolation and characterization of the full-length cDNA clone encoding NF-X2. This cDNA clone was isolated by expression cDNA cloning, and encodes the human c-Jun protein, which together with c-Fos forms the heterodimeric activator protein-1 transcription complex. Whereas c-Fos/c-Jun heterodimers do not exist in B cells, they form and bind to the X2-box in class II nonexpressing cells. Thus, c-Fos/c-Jun heterodimers might contribute to the repression of DRA gene expression.
Rail network routing and scheduling using simulated annealing (2003)

The authors present both simulated annealing and genetic algorithm approaches to routing and scheduling traffic over a freight rail network. They provide a brief overview to the rail routing and scheduling problem that formed the basis for the case study. Both algorithms were tested. These two approaches are contrasted and the conclusion is that for this application, simulated annealing is superior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Objective Method for Determination of Equivalent Neutral Densities of Color Film Images I Definitions and Basic Concepts* (1954)

A completely objective system for equivalent-neutral-density calibration of a set of photographic film images from a subtractive color process is described. It includes these elements: 1.Restrictions on spectral density distributions of possible component absorbers are established by determining eigenvectors of the spectral density variability of images from the process;2.Estimates of spectral density distributions of individual process dyes are adjusted to conformance with the restriction;3.Spectral density distributions of process-formed gray images are predicted by combining spectral densities of actual process images with just-sufficient amounts of (two of) the conforming dyes;4.Equivalent neutral densities of the third dye in the images are colorimetrically computed from the predicted gray-image distribution.
One Pass Thalamic and Subthalamic Stimulation for Patients with Tremor-Dominant Idiopathic Parkinson Syndrome (OPINION): Protocol for a Randomized, Active-Controlled, Double-Blinded Pilot Trial (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02288468; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02288468 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6wlKnt2pJ); and German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00007526; https://www.drks.de/drks_ web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00007526 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6wlKyXZZL).
The &#946;-Endorphin Role in Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders (2009)

Long known for its anti-nociceptive effects, the opioid beta-endorphin is also reported to have rewarding and reinforcing properties and to be involved in stress response. In this manuscript we summarize the present neurobiological and behavioral evidence regarding the role of beta-endorphin in stress-related psychiatric disorders, depression and PTSD. There is existing data that support the importance of beta-endorphin neurotransmission in mediating depression. As for PTSD, however, the data is thus far circumstantial. The studies described herein used diverse techniques, such as biochemical measurements of beta-endorphin in various brain sites and behavioral monitoring, in two animal models of depression and PTSD. We suggest that the pathways for stress-related psychiatric disorders, depression and PTSD, converge to a common pathway in which beta-endorphin is a modulating element of distress. This may occur via its interaction with the mesolimbic monoaminergic system and also by its interesting effects on learning and memory. The possible involvement of beta-endorphin in the process of stress-related psychiatric disorders, depression and PTSD, is discussed.
Retroviral packaging cells encapsulated in theracyte immunoisolation devices enable long-term in vivo gene delivery (2003)

The method of delivering a therapeutic gene into a patient is still one of the major obstacles towards successful human gene therapy. Here we describe a novel gene delivery approach using TheraCyte immunoisolation devices. Retroviral vector producing cells, derived from the avian retrovirus spleen necrosis virus, SNV, were encapsulated in TheraCyte devices and tested for the release of retroviral vectors. In vitro experiments show that such devices release infectious retroviral vectors into the tissue culture medium for up to 4 months. When such devices were implanted subcutaneously in SCID mice, infectious virus was released into the blood stream. There, the vectors were transported to and infected tumors, which had been induced by subcutaneous injection of tissue culture cells. Thus, this novel concept of a continuous, long-term gene delivery may constitute an attractive approach for future in vivo human gene therapy.
Characterization and Functionalization of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles for Biosensing Enhancement (2010)

The unique tunable physicochemical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In addition to their excellent biological compatibility, conducting properties, and high surface-to-volume ratio make them ideal candidates for electronic signal transduction of biological recognition events in biosensing platforms. Commonly, AuNPs are synthesized by chemical reduction of HAuCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> and the introduction of a protective agent (stabilizer). In recent years, alternative biosynthetic approaches have been explored using microorganisms as bionanofactories to produce metal nanoparticles. AuNP biosynthesis procedures include the use of fungi and bacteria strains. In this study, the alkalothermophilic actinomycetes Thermomonospora curvata, Thermomonospora fusca, and Thermomonospora chromogena were used for the extracellular biosynthesis of AuNP. Optimal growth and biosynthesis conditions were established for each microorganism. The average AuNP size obtained was in the range of 30-60 nm. The AuNP were characterized using UV-Vis spectra, transmission electron microscopy images, and particle-size distribution. The obtained particles were monodisperse and water soluble. In order to improve stability, glutaraldehyde was used to functionalize the AuNP after synthesis. The green-chemistry AuNP obtained in this study can potentially be used to enhance biosensing applications: as transducers or electroactive labels, especially in nanoparticle-based electrochemical DNA detection systems.
Enumeration of T cells reactive with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> organisms and specific for the recombinant mycobacterial 64‐kDa protein (1987)

The major goal of the present study was to develop a limiting dilution system for the enumeration of T cells which respond to mycobacterial antigens. Purified T cells from M. tuberculosis-immune mice were restimulated with mycobacterial antigens and accessory cells, and after 4 days expanded with antigen, accessory cells and T cell growth factor. After another 3 days, proliferative responses were determined. Similar cultures performed without antigen served as controls. Limiting dilution analysis revealed that approximately 1/2000 to 1/3000 T cells from M. tuberculosis-immune mice responded to whole M. tuberculosis organisms while T cells from normal mice did not respond. Similar T cell numbers reacted with several mycobacterial strains indicating expression of shared T cell antigens. Using a semi-purified recombinant 64-kDa protein from M. bovis the frequency of T cells generated after immunization with M. tuberculosis which reacted with a single mycobacterial protein could be estimated. We found that approximately 1/5 of the M. tuberculosis-reactive T cells recognized this particular antigen. Immunization with the recombinant 64-kDa protein in an adjuvant containing trehalose dimycolate, monophosphoryl lipid A and mycobacterial cell wall skeleton stimulated an equally high number of M. tuberculosis-reactive T cells (1/2000). These findings demonstrate that a high proportion of tuberculosis-responsive T cells are directed against the 64-kDa protein and that immunization with this antigen in an appropriate adjuvant system is capable of stimulating high numbers of M. tuberculosis-reactive T cells. Limiting dilution analysis with a panel of mycobacterial proteins or peptides may allow their ranking from immunodominant to immunosilent and facilitate identification of antigens or epitopes relevant to protection.
Synthesis of Chromans from Phenols and from ortho-Hydroxy Aromatic Aldehydes<sup>1,2</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Chromans from Phenols and from ortho-Hydroxy Aromatic Aldehydes1,2G. Bryant Bachman and Harold A. LevineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 2, 599–601Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01182a046RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (369 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Down-regulation of Myc as a Potential Target for Growth Arrest Induced by Human Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (hPNPase) in Human Melanoma Cells (2003)

Terminal differentiation and senescence share several common properties, including irreversible cessation of growth and changes in gene expression profiles. To identify molecules that converge in both processes, an overlapping pathway screening was employed that identified old-35, which is human polynucleotide phosphorylase (hPNPaseold-35), a 3',5'-exoribonuclease. We previously demonstrated that hPNPaseold-35 is a type I interferon-inducible gene that is also induced in senescent fibroblasts. In vitro RNA degradation assays confirmed its exoribonuclease properties, and overexpression of hPNPaseold-35 resulted in growth suppression in HO-1 human melanoma cells. The present study examined the molecular mechanism of the growth-arresting property of hPNPaseold-35. When overexpressed by means of a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector (Ad.hPNPaseold-35), hPNPaseold-35 inhibited cell growth in all cell lines tested. Analysis of cell cycle revealed that infection of HO-1 cells with Ad.hPNPaseold-35 resulted in arrest in the G1 phase and eventually apoptosis accompanied by marked reduction in the S phase. Infection with Ad.hPNPaseold-35 resulted in reduction in expression of the c-myc mRNA and Myc protein and modulated the expression of proteins regulating G1 checkpoint and apoptosis. In vitro mRNA degradation assays revealed that hPNPaseOLD-35 degraded c-myc mRNA. Overexpression of Myc partially but significantly protected HO-1 cells from Ad.hPNPaseold-35-induced growth arrest, indicating that Myc down-regulation might directly mediate the growth-inhibitory properties of Ad.hPNPaseold-35. Inhibition of hPNPaseold-35 by an antisense approach provided partial but significant protection against interferon-beta-mediated growth inhibition, thus demonstrating the biological significance of hPNPaseold-35 in interferon action.
Combining analytical models and Monte-Carlo techniques in probabilistic power system analysis (1992)

The authors describe a general framework for combining analytical models and Monte Carlo simulation. The basic idea is to use a simpler analytical model as an approximation to a more detailed model in a Monte Carlo simulation scheme. The simulation then deals with the residual, i.e. the difference between the result of the detailed model and the approximation. The component of probabilistic indices which can be explained by the analytical model is factored out of the Monte Carlo sampling scheme, which then handles only the unexplained residuals. The proposed scheme is flexible and easy to implement, as no modification of existing analytical models is required. The approach is illustrated in case studies with utility-derived systems in several application areas: composite reliability evaluation, multi-area production costing, chronological production costing with ramping constraints, and operation of a multireservoir hydroelectric system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Speech recognition for huge vocabularies by using optimized sub-word units (2001)

This paper describes approaches for decomposing words of huge vocabularies (up to 2 million) into smaller particles that are suitable for a recognition lexicon. Results on a Finnish dictation task and a flat list of German street names are given.