gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Alfalfa Chemical Composition from Maturity and Plant Morphology (1991)

To make informed harvest management decisions, producers need information on the chemical composition of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) forage. Our objective was to develop a fast and simple method for predicting forage chemical composition (crude protein, neutraland acid‐detergent fiber, and acid‐detergent lignin) using morohological characters. Five alfalfa cultivars werevaluated across a range of environments, growth cycles, and harvest maturities. The 15 morphological characters examined for association with chemical composition included number of nodes per plant, plant height, mean stage count (MSC), mean stage weight (MSW), and alternative stage of development descriptions. Simple regression analyses based on node number and plant height provided better prediction equations than when based on MSC or MSW. Multiple regression equations based on two and three morphological characters provided higher R2 and lower root mean squarerror (RMSE) values than did linear and quadratic models based on a single morphological character. Multiple regression of the two most easily measured characters, height of the tallest stem (MAXHT) and maturity stage the most mature stem (MAX), provided equations with RMSE values only slightly greater than those of the best two‐factor multiple regression models based on characters that are more difficult to measure. Thus, multiple regression techniques should improve the accuracy of predicting forage chemical composition, and the use of easily determined characteristicsuch as MAXHT and MAX may provide the best compromise between prediction accuracy and ease of use.
History-guided conversational recommendation (2014)

Product recommendation is an important aspect of many e-commerce systems. It provides an effective way to help users navigate complex product spaces. In this paper, we focus on critiquing-based recommenders. We present a new critiquing-based approach, History-Guided Recommendation (HGR), which is capable of using the recommendation pairs (item and critique) or critiques only so far in the current recommendation session to predict the most likely product recommendations and therefore short-cut the sometimes protracted recommendation sessions in standard critiquing approaches. The HGR approach shows a significant improvement in the interactions between the user and the recommender. It also enables successfully accepted recommendations to be made much earlier in the session.
Plant MicroRNAs in Cross-Kingdom Regulation of Gene Expression (2018)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding small RNAs, which play a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Recently, various reports revealed that miRNAs could be transmitted between species to mediate cross-kingdom regulation by integrating into a specific target gene-mediated regulatory pathway to exert relevant biological functions. Some scholars and researchers have observed this as an attractive hypothesis that may provide a foundation for novel approaches in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of disease. Meanwhile, others deem the mentioned results were obtained from a “false positive effect” of performed experiments. Here, we focus on several current studies concerning plant miRNA-mediated cross-kingdom regulation (from both fronts) and discuss the existing issues that need further consideration. We also discuss possible miRNA horizontal transfer mechanisms from one species to another and analyze the relationship between miRNA-mediated cross-kingdom regulation and coevolution during a long-term specific host⁻pathogen interaction.
Blockage Identification in Indoor UWB Ranging Using Multi Band OFDM Signals (2008)

The major challenge to accurate Time of Arrival (TOA) based indoor localization systems is ranging in non-line of sight (NLOS) environments. The high probability of Direct Path (DP) blockage causes large errors that cannot be mitigated by increasing system bandwidth alone. In this paper we propose a novel ultra wideband (UWB) multi-band (MB)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ranging technique that identifies and mitigates blockage in indoor environments through frequency diversity. Based on empirical UWB measurement data collected in a typical office environment we first analyze the correlation between the occurrences of DP blockage to the TOA estimation variations across different system sub-bands. Then we propose a hypothesis test to identify the occurrence of blockage. Frequency diversity is then used to minimize the estimation error in the absence and presence of DP blockage. Results show that employing MB-OFDM diversity outperforms single sub-band and large bandwidth estimations.
Fluorinated comblike homopolymers: The effect of spacer lengths on surface properties (2005)

Abstract A series of polyacrylate monomers with F ‐alkylalkyl [F(CF 2 ) n (CH 2 ) n ′ ] side groups were prepared by free‐radical polymerization. The effect of the chemical structure on the surface properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)s was evaluated by variations in the relative length of the fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon units in the side group. The resulting polymers were quite surface‐active in the solid state. The surface and bulk organization was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. A strong correlation between the bulk organization and surface properties of the polymers was established. The outmost layer, formed from trifluoromethyl groups and some ester functions, suggests that the side chain is arranged irregularly in the polymer–air interface. The length of the lateral chain governs this organization: long fluorinated chains and short hydrocarbon spacers are essential elements of the molecular design for such low‐surface‐energy materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3737–3747, 2005
Deutung der Meßergebnisse (1962)

Eine qualitative Beschreibung der Vorgänge in den Dächern wurde bereits von Laube [2] gegeben. Seinen Vorstellungen zufolge spielt sich dieser Mechanismus etwa folgendermaßen ab: Im Dunkelraum, auf der kathodischen Seite einer leuchtenden Schicht, werden durch Abfangen von Elektronen durch Brommoleküle bzw. Bromatome negative Ionen gebildet. Das dadurch bedingte Sinken der mittleren Beweglichkeit der Ladungsträger führt zu einer Anhäufung negativer Raumladung. Diese hebt das Feld an, so daß die verbliebenen Elektronen zusammen mit den positiven und negativen Ionen den Strom transportieren können. Bei hinreichender Feldstärke wird durch lebhafte Stoßionisation ein intensives Plasma erzeugt, aus dem Elektronen gegen die Anode in den sich anschließenden Dunkelraum hinein diffundieren. Gleichzeitig wandern Ionen bis zur Rekombination in beide Richtungen. Nun kann sich das Spiel wiederholen.
New Techniques for Growing Highly-Homogeneous Quaternary Hg<sub>1-x-y</sub>Cd<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Te Single Crystals (1985)

An advanced crystal growth method named the “modified two-phase mixture method” has been developed as a new way of producing highly-homogeneous large single crystals of quaternary semimagnetic semiconductor Hg 1- x - y Cd x Mn y Te alloys. A comparison of the results with the usual Bridgman method and the modified zone melting method shows that the new method gives the best homogeneity in the growth direction and is promising for the crystal growth of multinary compound semiconductors with temperature-composition phase diagrams having a wide separation of the liquid and solid phase mixtures.
LOAD TEST REPORT AND EVALUATION OF A PRECAST CONCRETE ARCH CULVERT (1988)

A report on and an evaluation of a full-scale load test performed on a Con/Span culvert are presented in this paper. Because of its intended use, it was important that this three-sided box-arch shape's field performance be evaluated extensively, in addition to rigorous theoretical analysis. A load test procedure was devised to evaluate the structural integrity of this unit and to examine to what extent its field performance compared with its predicted behavior. The finite element program CANDE was used for the detailed analysis of the structure. CANDE is a program especially written for the evaluation of soil-structure interaction conditions, and is ideally suited to evaluate the effect of the conditions that exist in field testing. The evaluation revealed a good correlation between the performance of the culvert and the finite element analysis used. Perhaps more impressive was the culvert's capacity to sustain an extreme overload.
Effect of Surface Charge on the Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Fluorescent Labeled Cellulose Nanocrystals (2010)

Probing of cellular uptake and cytotoxicity was conducted for two fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs): CNC-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and newly synthesized CNC-rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC). The positively charged CNC-RBITC was uptaken by human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells without affecting the cell membrane integrity. The cell viability assay and cell-based impedance spectroscopy revealed no noticeably cytotoxic effect of the CNC-RBITC conjugate. However, no significant internalization of negatively charged CNC-FITC was observed at physiological pH. Indeed, the effector cells were surrounded by CNC-FITC, leading to eventual cell rupture. As the surface charge of CNC played an important role in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity, facile surface functionalization together with observed noncytotoxicity rendered modified CNC as a promising candidate for bioimaging and drug delivery systems.
De l'avion plus électrique à l'avion tout électrique : état de l'art et prospective sur les réseaux de bord (2005)

International audience
Bedingungen für den kathodischen Korrosionsschutz von Metallen (1960)

Abstract Nach einer Erörterung der Stellung, welche der kathodische Korrosionsschutz von Metallen im Rahmen des Gesamtgebietes „Korrosionsschutz”︁ einnimmt, werden die für dieses Verfahren erforderlichen thermodynamischen und kinetischen Voraussetzungen untersucht. In diesem Zusammenhang werden einige Diagramme gezeigt, die einem in Vorbereitung befindlichen „Atlas der elektrochemischen Gleichgewichte”︁ entnommen sind und die für 43 Metalle und Metalloide zeigen, bei welchen Werten von Elektrodenspannung und p H Korrosion, Passivität oder Immunität vorliegen müßten. Einige dieser Fälle werden ausführlich erörtert und dabei auch der Einfluß eventuell entstehender fester oder gasförmiger Hydride diskutiert. Anhand einiger Beispiele wird ferner gezeigt, in welcher Weise Polarisationskurven bei der Entwicklung von kathodischen Schutzsystemen für normale und rostfreie Stähle herangezogen werden können; dabei wird besonders auf die gefährlichen Auswirkungen eines schlecht durchdachten kathodischen Schutzsystems hingewiesen. Abschließend werden Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten dieser Schutzmethode erörtert.
Lipoxygenase Products Regulate IRGpllb/llla Receptor Mediated Adhesion of Tumor Cells to Endothelial Cells, Subendothelial Matrix and Fibronectin (1988)

Tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells, subendothelial matrix, and fibronectin is stimulated by the lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, 12(S)-HETE, but not by 12(R)-HETE, 5-HETE or 15-HETE. Adhesion is also stimulated by the phorbol ester TPA, an effect inhibited by lipoxygenase but not cyclooxygenase inhibitors. TPA and 12(S)-HETE mediated adhesion is due, in part, to an integrin receptor (i.e., IRGpIIb/IIIa) related to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex and is inhibited by specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against platelet IIb/IIIa. TPA and 12(S)-HETE stimulated adhesion is also inhibited by a lipoxygenase product of linoleic acid; i.e., 13-HODE. These results suggest bidirectional control of tumor cell adhesion by lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid (increase) and linoleic acid (decrease).
SHORT PULSE ELECTRON ACCELERATOR FOR PULSE RADIOLYSIS STUDY (2000)

Electron accelerator dedicated for pulse radiolysis experiments has been constructed with nominal parameters: electron energy 10 MeV, pulse duration 10 ns, peak current 1 A. Traveling wave type accelerating structure powered by klystron operated at a frequency 1818 MHz has been applied. It consists of a cylindrical diaphragmatic waveguide with a prebunching part at the beginning. The loading properties of this structure provide acceleration capability in stored energy mode up to 10 A of pulse current with typical energy spread and 10 ns pulse length. The high power klystron pulse modulator was designed and build according to the scheme with delay line and thyratron switch. Pulse duration 2 us, repetition rate 50 Hz and amplitude up to 250 kV can be obtained. The original nanosecond electron gun with small value of the cut-off voltage (1.3 kV) has been developed. The intensity of emitted current was tested with the rotationally symmetric and with the mesh grids. HV gun modulator was designed and build to provide 80 kV, 200 ns pulses. Thyratron switch triggered by fast transistor was used to obtain low jitter (<100 ps) necessary for precise synchronisation between high voltage and nanosecond pulses which are used to operate the electron gun. The nanosecond grid modulator has been build using ultrafast transistor switch with the rise and fall time <3 ns for pulses with an amplitude 4 kV. The accelerator and experimental halls and auxiliary rooms cover a total surface area of 220 m 2 . The experimental room has independent shielding and grounding systems to avoid distortion produced by high power, high voltage modulators and protect the measuring set up used in pulse radiolysis experiments.
X-RAY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY IN VIVO. (1964)

The main disadvantage of the x-ray spectrophotometric method is the limited intensity of the monochromatic x rays. This is a particularly difficult problem in iodine analysis when objects more than 10-cm thick can be examined to only a low degree of accuracy. In bone salt analysis the low intensities make it difficult to use a third fat wedge, and, as pointed out above, this incurs a systematic error. Hence, further development of the the technique is indicated. The chief advantage of the method of quantitative analysis in vivo is that it provides a means of solving certain problems. The technique has application in any situation in which pathologic conditions result in changes in the elementary composition in the body, or when such changes can be produced artificially, for instance by means of roentgenographic contrast media. The method is rapid, a complete quantitative analysis in vivo or in vitro requiring only a few seconds, and no preparation of the test sample is necessary. Another important advantage is that the radiatton dose to the patient is kept close to a theoretical minimum. (auth)
Efficient gradient F0 tree model for prosody modeling and unit-selection, applied for the embedded US English concatenative TTS (2009)

Modeling of pitch dynamics in addition to absolute pitch modeling is highly desirable for robust pitch curve prediction and unit selection in concatenative TTS systems. Transition prosody models have been reported to improve consistency and naturalness for pitch-accent and tonal languages, like Japanese and Mandarin. In the current work we revise a Gradient F0 tree model, originally developed for Japanese, and adjust it for American English. The resultant model requires few computational resources at a runtime that makes it highly suitable for embedded TTS applications. We report encouraging results of applying it for an embedded concatenative TTS system for American English.
Ti:sapphire amplifier producing millijoule-level, 21-fs pulses at 1 kHz (1995)

We have developed a Ti:sapphire amplifier system capable of producing pulses of 1 mJ, with 20-22-fs pulse duration, at a 1-kHz repetition rate. The amplifier has a unique design consisting of a three-mirror multipass ring configuration with a highly doped Ti:sapphire crystal as the gain medium. Pulses of 15-fs duration from a Ti:sapphire oscillator are temporally stretched and injected into the amplifier, which is an eight-pass system with a total gain of 10(6). The amplif ier is more than 10% efficient, and the shot-to-shot energy fluctuation of the output is less than 2%. The output beam focuses to 1.8 times the diffraction limit.
Kinetic analysis of <sup>52</sup>Fe‐labelled iron(III) hydroxide–sucrose complex following bolus administration using positron emission tomography (1999)

Kinetic analysis of a single intravenous injection of 100 mg iron(III) hydroxide-sucrose complex (Venofer) mixed with 52Fe(III) hydroxide-sucrose as a tracer was followed for 3-6 h in four generally anaesthetized, artificially ventilated minipigs using positron emission tomography (PET). The amount of injected radioactivity ranged from 30 to 200 MBq. Blood radioactivity, measured by PET in the left ventricle of the heart, displayed a fast clearance phase followed by a slow one. In the liver and bone marrow a fast radioactivity uptake occurred during the first 30 min, followed by a slower steady increase. In the liver a slight decrease in radioactivity uptake was noted by the end of the study. A kinetic analysis using a three-compartment (namely blood pool, reversible and irreversible tissue pools) model showed a fairly high distribution volume in the liver as compared with the bone marrow. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of the injected complex was clearly visualized with the PET technique. The organs of particular interest, namely the heart (for blood kinetics), liver and bone marrow could all be viewed by a single setting of a PET tomograph with an axial field of view of 10 cm. The half-life (T1/2) of 52Fe (8.3 h) enables a detailed kinetic study up to 24 h. A novel method was introduced to verify the actual 52Fe contribution to the PET images by removing the interfering radioactive daughter 52mMn positron emissions. The kinetic data fitted the three-compartment model, from which rate constants could be obtained for iron transfer from the blood to a pool of iron in bone marrow or liver to which it was bound during the study period. In addition, there was a reversible tissue pool of iron, which in the liver slowly equilibrated with the blood, to give a net efflux from the liver some hours after i.v. administration. The liver uptake showed a relatively long distribution phase, whereas the injected iron was immediately incorporated into the bone marrow. Various transport mechanisms seem to be involved in the handling of the injected iron complex.
Polymorphisms of the Carcinogen Detoxifying UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A7 in Proximal Digestive Tract Cancer (2002)

Cancer of the proximal digestive tract is associated with tobacco smoke and ethanol exposure. The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A7 is a detoxifying enzyme capable of tobacco-borne carcinogen detoxification and cellular protection and has been implicated as a cancer risk gene. In this study, UGT1A7 expression is demonstrated in oral, esophageal, and gastric tissue, which are the principle sites of proximal digestive tract cancer. Genomic DNA from the blood of 76 patients with esophageal, orolaryngeal and gastric cancer as well as from 210 healthy blood donors was analysed for the presence of UGT1A7 polymorphisms by sequencing and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. Wild type UGT1A7 alleles were equally distributed between controls (19 %) and cancer patients (22 %). However, the UGT1A7*3 allele combining W208R, N129K and R131K missense mutations and exhibiting substantially reduced carcinogen detoxification activity was significantly associated with proximal gastrointestinal cancer and identified as a risk allele present in 32 % of cancer patients and 19 % of controls (P = 0.0008, OR 2,02 (95 %-CI 1.33-3.07)). We identify the significant association of the UGT1A7*3 allele encoding a low catalytic activity protein as a risk gene in proximal digestive tract cancer and as a potential marker for cancer susceptibility.
Contour-based surgical instrument tracking supported by kinematic prediction (2010)

The use of the Balsa-II algorithm animation environment to investigate the dynamic behavior of programs is discussed. Balsa-II is examined first from a user's perspective and then from a programmer's perspective. Some related systems are briefly considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Editorial Comment (2012)

doi 10.5463/DCID.v23i2.156
SPODOBASE : an EST database for the lepidopteran crop pest Spodoptera (2006)

The SPODOBASE database provides integrated access to expressed sequence tags (EST) from the lepidopteran insect Spodoptera frugiperda. It is a publicly available structured database with insect pest sequences which will allow identification of a number of genes and comprehensive cloning of gene families of interest for scientific community. SPODOBASE is available from URL: http://bioweb.ensam.inra.fr/spodobase.
AlN Material Constants Evaluation and SAW Properties on AlN/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>and AlN/Si (1981)

We have determined the material constants of AlN,i.e., elastic stiffness, piezoelectricity and permittivity, by computer calculation from the experimental results on SAW phase velocities and electromechanical coupling coefficients. A1N films used were single-crystal films on the basal plane of sapphire grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Until now, very few of these material constants are known. We report, for the first time, all the matrix elements of the material constants. The calculated variations of SAW phase velocities and coupling constants with A1N film thickness on basal and R planes of sapphire were in good agreements with the reported experimental results. Next, using the evaluated material constants, it was shown that the highfrequency (UHF) and low-dispersion SAW characteristics (less than 0.1% velocity change for ~20% bandwidth) with a large coupling (4%) can be expected for AlN/Si and AlN/SOS, when the c-axis of A1N was aligned along the surface of (001) Si.
Marine pharmacology in 2000: Antitumor and cytotoxic compounds (2003)

During 2000, marine antitumor pharmacology research aimed at the discovery of novel antitumor agents was published in 85 peer-reviewed articles. The purpose of this article is to present a structured review of the antitumor and cytotoxic properties of 143 marine natural products, many of them novel compounds that belong to diverse structural classes, including polyketides, terpenes, steroids and peptides. The organisms yielding these bioactive compounds comprised a taxonomically diverse group of marine invertebrate animals, algae, fungi and bacteria. Antitumor pharmacological studies were conducted with 19 marine natural products in a number of experimental and clinical models that defined or further characterized their mechanisms of action. Potentially promising in vitro cytotoxicity data generated with murine and human tumor cell lines were reported for 124 novel marine chemicals with as yet undetermined mechanisms of action. Noteworthy is the fact that marine anticancer research clearly remains a multinational effort, involving researchers from Austria, Australia, Brazil, Canada, England, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, Spain, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, the Netherlands and the United States. Finally, this 2000 overview of the marine pharmacology literature highlights the fact that the discovery of novel marine antitumor agents continued at the same high level of research activity as during 1998 and 1999.