gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Solid-State Properties of Processable N-Alkylated Polyanilines in the Neutral State (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization and Solid-State Properties of Processable N-Alkylated Polyanilines in the Neutral StateWen-Yue Zheng, Kalle Levon, Jukka Laakso, and Jan-Eric OesterholmCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 26, 7754–7768Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00104a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00104a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views725Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Forensic Comparisons of Soils by Neutron Activation and Atomic Absorption Analysis (1969)

C. Michael Hoffman, Richard L. Brunelle, Kenneth B. Snow, Forensic Comparisons of Soils by Neutron Activation and Atomic Absorption Analysis, The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, Vol. 60, No. 3 (Sep., 1969), pp. 395-401
Perioperative Endocrine Therapy for Patients with Cushing's Syndrome Undergoing Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy (2012)

Objectives. To investigate the efficacy and safety of perioperative endocrine therapy (PET) for patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) undergoing retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA). Methods. The novel, simplified PET modality of 82 patients who underwent RLA procedures for CS were studied. Clinical manifestations were observed for all patients on days 1 and 5 postoperatively, and clinical data, such as blood pressure (BP), levels of serum cortisol, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), blood glucose, and electrolytes, were acquired and analyzed. Results. Supraphysiological doses of glucocorticoid were administered during the perioperative period, and the dosage was reduced gradually. In all 82 cases, the RLAs were performed successfully without any perioperative complication, such as steroid withdrawal symptoms. The patient's symptoms and signs were improved quickly and safely during the hospital days. The serum cortisol and potassium levels were rather stable on days 1 and 5 postoperatively, and most were within the normal range. The clinical manifestations, serum levels of cortisol, ACTH, and potassium in most patients restored to normal gradually after several months (mean, 6.7 ± 1.2 months), except for one patient undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy. Conclusions. This perioperative endocrine therapy for patients with Cushing's syndrome (mainly for adrenocortical adenoma) undergoing retro-laparoscopic adrenalectomy is both effective and safe.
Chemical Gated Field Effect Transistor by Hybrid Integration of One-Dimensional Silicon Nanowire and Two-Dimensional Tin Oxide Thin Film for Low Power Gas Sensor (2015)

Gas sensors based on metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor with the polysilicon gate replaced by a gas sensitive thin film have been around for over 50 years. These are not suitable for the emerging mobile and wearable sensor platforms due to operating voltages and powers far exceeding the supply capability of batteries. Here we present a novel approach to decouple the chemically sensitive region from the conducting channel for reducing the drive voltage and increasing reliability. This chemically gated field effect transistor uses silicon nanowire for the current conduction channel with a tin oxide film on top of the nanowire serving as the gas sensitive medium. The potential change induced by the molecular adsorption and desorption allows the electrically floating tin oxide film to gate the silicon channel. As the device is designed to be normally off, the power is consumed only during the gas sensing event. This feature is attractive for the battery operated sensor and wearable electronics. In addition, the decoupling of the chemical reaction and the current conduction regions allows the gas sensitive material to be free from electrical stress, thus increasing reliability. The device shows excellent gas sensitivity to the tested analytes relative to conventional metal oxide transistors and resistive sensors.
Solvolysis of highly unreactive substrates using the trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) leaving group (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvolysis of highly unreactive substrates using the trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) leaving groupTah Mun Su, Wallace F. Sliwinski, and Paul Von R. SchleyerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 19, 5386–5388Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01047a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01047a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views459Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Closing the loop, squaring the circle: Studies on insulin delivery, glucose monitoring and the artificial pancreas (2013)

This thesis focuses on the steps necessary to create a functional closed loop system. In part I of this thesis we investigate how the body reacts on a glucose load. We especially focus on ingestion of meals. In part II of this thesis we investigate the nuances and variability of insulin infusion, focussing on the differences in insulin infusion materials on insulin administration. In part III we investigate the accuracy of continuous glucose monitors (CGM), with a special focus on comparing CGM systems for use in a closed loop system. In part IV we investigate a closed loop prototype to provide glycaemic control using two different control algorithms.
Measurements of temperatures, ice evaporation rates and residual moisture contents in freeze-drying. (1992)

The temperature measurements during freezing and freeze-drying are described, and the results obtained using thermocouples and resistance elements (Pt 100) are compared with the barometric temperature measurements (BTM). The BTM is checked with a mass spectrometer, thermoelectric instruments and an absolute capacity measuring gauge. The temperature measurements are also shown as a function of the location of the sensors in the product. The evaporating rates of ice are given as a function of operating pressure. It is shown that the residual moisture content is a function of the temperature of each product. The equilibrium vapour pressure as a function of temperature is shown as desorption isotherms. Therefore, the residual moisture content can be determined by measuring this equilibrium vapour pressure (or at least a pressure very close to the equilibrium vapour pressure).
Toxicology of the Placenta (2009)

Abstract Placental toxicology deals with the adverse effects of toxic substances on the placenta, the mother and the foetus. It is a fascinating subject which receives attention from biologists, toxicologists, teratologists, pharmacologists, physicians and regulatory agencies. Structural or functional damage to the placenta can lead to abortion, birth defects, stillbirth, premature birth and many other complications. Since the placenta is an entry organ to the foetus, and the ‘placental barrier’ is merely a false notion, the placenta remains vulnerable to the adverse effects of many toxicants. The placenta is a complex organ to study since it continually changes throughout gestation. This organ is further complicated by multiple pregnancies in many species, including humans. The placenta plays several roles in the development of the foetus by serving as the lung, gut, kidney and endocrine/exocrine gland. Additionally, it supplies vital nutrients and gases to the foetus. This chapter describes the placental toxicity of drugs of abuse, alcohol, tobacco products, metals, pesticides, environmental toxicants and mycotoxins.
Multipath Curved Planar Reformation of the Peripheral Arterial Tree in CT Angiography (2007)

The study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained. The purpose of the study was to prospectively quantify the angular visibility range, determine the existence of orthogonal viewing pairs, and characterize the conditions that cause artifacts in multipath curved planar reformations (MPCPRs) of the peripheral arterial tree in 10 patients (eight men and two women; mean age, 69 years; range, 54-80 years) with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Percentage of segments with the maximal possible visibility score of 1 was significantly greater (odds ratio, 1.42; P<.001) for MPCPRs than for maximum intensity projections. One or more orthogonal viewing pairs were identified for all above-knee arterial segments, and artifactual vessel distortion was observed when the vessel axis approached a horizontal course in MPCPRs. (c) RSNA, 2007.
Initiator‐fragment incorporation radical copolymerization of vinyl acetate and 1,2‐polybutadiene as a multivinyl monomer (2006)

Abstract The copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) with 1,2‐polybutadiene (1,2‐PB; 85.5% 1,2‐units and 14.5% 1,4‐units) as a multivinyl monomer was carried out at 80 °C in dioxane with dimethyl 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) at high concentrations (0.10–0.50 mol/L) as an initiator. The copolymerization of 1,2‐PB [0.80 mol/L (monomer unit)] and VAc (1.20 mol/L) with MAIB (0.30 mol/L) for 4 h proceeded homogeneously without gelation to yield a soluble copolymer. The resulting copolymer was divided into methanol‐ and n ‐hexane‐insoluble parts, of which the yields based on the total weight of the comonomers and initiator were 46 and 20%, respectively. The methanol‐insoluble part consisted of the fractions of the 1,2‐PB units with (9 mol %) and without (39 mol %) an intact double bond, the 1,4‐PB unit (8 mol %), the VAc unit (32 mol %), and the methoxycarbonylpropyl group (12 mol %) as the MAIB fragment, whereas the hexane‐insoluble one was composed of the fraction of the 1,2‐PB units with (4 mol %) and without (17 mol %) a double bond, the 1,4‐PB unit (4 mol %), the VAc unit (60 mol %), and the methoxycarbonylpropyl group (15 mol %). The use of higher concentrations of 1,2‐PB and VAc and lower concentrations of MAIB resulted in gelation. The cast film from a chloroform solution of the methanol‐insoluble part contained spherical pores organized in a hexagonal way with a monodisperse pore size of 3 μm. The copolymer molecules seemed to be arranged in an ordered way on the surface layer of the pores, as shown by an optical microscopy image under crossed polarizers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2328–2337, 2006
TGF beta in murine morphogenetic processes: the early embryo and cardiogenesis (1990)

The tissue distribution of TGF beta-1 RNA was examined within whole mouse embryos from implantation to 10.5 days gestational age and, in the developing heart, up to 8 days postpartum. The earliest high level expression of TGF beta-1 RNA is at 7.0 days postcoitum (p.c.) in the cardiac mesoderm. At 8.0 days gestational age, cardiac TGF beta-1 RNA expression is limited to endocardial cells. By 9.5 days p.c., this expression pattern becomes regionalized to those cells that overlie cardiac cushion tissue. High TGF beta-1 RNA levels continue to persist in endothelial cells of the heart valves until approximately one week postpartum. The TGF beta-1 RNA distribution was compared with the extracellular distributions of polypeptides for TGF beta and J1/tenascin. As previously reported, endothelial expression of TGF beta-1 RNA is correlated with mesenchymal expression of TGF beta polypeptide, suggesting a paracrine mode of action for this growth factor in cardiac development. Minor discrepancies in the distributions of TGF beta-1 RNA and the extracellular form of the TGF beta polypeptide suggest that translational or post-translational control of protein levels occurs and/or the possibility that the antibody used may also recognise other members of the TGF beta polypeptide family. A correlation between endothelial TGF beta-1 expression and distribution of J1/tenascin in the mesenchyme gives further support to the proposition that the biological effects of TGF beta-1 may, in part, be mediated by J1/tenascin.
On Tracking Applications using Variable Rate Particle Filters (2006)

In this paper we propose an online tracking algorithm for multiple manoeuvring targets using variable rate particle filters (VRPFs). Unlike conventional particle filters, VRPFs combined with an intrinsic dynamical model enables us to track the manoeuvring behaviour of an object even though only a single dynamical model is employed. Furthermore a Markov Random Field motion model is included for modelling target interactions. In this paper we propose to integrate a data-dependent importance sampling method with the framework to generate more representative state particles. A Poisson observation model is also used to model both targets and clutter measurements, avoiding the data association difficulties associated with traditional tracking approaches. Finally computer simulations demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for tracking multiple highly manoeuvrable targets in a hostile environment with high clutter density and low detection probability.
Brain fodrin: substrate for calpain I, an endogenous calcium-activated protease. (1984)

The calcium-activated thiol-protease calpain I, which is present in cytosolic and membrane preparations from rat brain, was tested for its capacity to degrade the neuronal spectrin-like protein fodrin. In the presence of micromolar calcium concentrations purified calpain I degraded both purified fodrin and the fodrin present in hippocampal and cerebellar membranes. Fodrin was identified as a high molecular weight protein present in brain membranes by the following criteria: (i) comigration on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels with purified fodrin, (ii) reactivity with antibodies to purified fodrin, and (iii) a proteolytic map following calpain activation comparable to that found after calpain-mediated degradation of purified fodrin. The fodrin breakdown was selective in that calpain I did not affect at least 15 other membrane-associated polypeptides. Fodrin degradation by the protease was rapid and was accompanied by the appearance of a lower molecular weight breakdown product. Calpain I had a high affinity for fodrin, with a Km for degradation of about 50 nM. Purified calpain I also degraded purified spectrin and the spectrin present in erythrocyte membranes. Calpain I-mediated degradation of spectrin-like proteins could provide a mechanism by which brief increases in intracellular free calcium levels modify the structure of the submembraneous cytoskeleton and the distribution of cell surface receptors and alter cell shape.
Overview of the CLEF 2010 medical image retrieval track (2010)

The seventh edition of the ImageCLEF medical retrieval task was organized in 2010. As in 2008 and 2009, the collection in 2010 uses images and captions from the Radiology and Radiographics journals pub- lished by RSNA (Radiological Society of North America). Three sub- tasks were conducted within the auspices of the medical task: modality detection, image-based retrieval and case-based retrieval. The goal of the modality detection task was to detect the acquisition modality of the images in the collection using visual, textual or mixed methods. The goal of the image-based retrieval task was to retrieve an ordered set of images from the collection that best met the information need specified as a textual statement and a set of sample images, while the goal of the case-based retrieval task was to return an ordered set of articles (rather than images) that best met the information need provided as a description of a case. The number of registrations to the medical task increased to 51 research groups. However, groups submitting runs have remained stable at 16, with the number of submitted runs increasing to 155. Of these, 61 were ad-hoc runs, 48 were case-based runs while the remaining 46 were modal- ity classification runs. The best results for the ad-hoc retrieval topics were obtained using mixed methods with textual methods also performing well. Textual methods were clearly superior for the case-based topics. For the modality de- tection task, although textual and visual methods alone were relatively successful, combining these techniques proved most effective.
Conformational Effects in Diastereoselective Aryne Diels−Alder Reactions: Synthesis of Benzo-Fused [2.2.1] Heterobicycles (2009)

It was found that the diastereoselectivity of the Diels-Alder reaction between arynes and substituted furans is highly sensitive to substitution, which affects the reactive conformation. By varying the location of the groups on the diene partner, it is possible to obtain both excellent chemical yields and high stereoselectivity. This methodology offers rapid and convenient access to enantiomerically pure bicyclic scaffolds which are difficult to prepare by other means.
HEMT VLSI technology using nonalloyed ohmic contacts (2003)

The authors propose HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) VLSI technology using nonalloyed ohmic contacts. For large integration levels, nonalloyed ohmic contacts have two advantages. One is their extremely short ohmic length, and the other is that direct connection between source/drain and gate can be made with the same metal. The propagation delay time of a ring oscillator with one-metal simultaneous formation of the source/drain and gate was 37 ps/gate (L/sub g/=0.9 mu m), comparable to that of conventional HEMT ring oscillators. The number of contact holes in a six-transistor basic memory cell was eight using a conventional technique and was reduced to three using the new technique. The memory cell size was reduced to 21.5*21.5 mu m/sup 2/, which may be the smallest area ever reported for a GaAs SRAM (static random access memory).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A joint backhaul and RAN perspective on the benefits of centralised RAN functions (2016)

Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) is considered a prime 5G enabler with promising resource pooling gains, tighter coordination among cells, and cost saving in remote radio heads and corresponding deployment and operation. However, C-RAN brings stringent requirements on the backhaul last mile, or the fronthaul, in terms of capacity, latency, and synchronisation, to the extent that direct fibre is believed to be the only plausible fronthaul solution. Knowing that more often than not, fibre to the home is not available and is a cumbersome and costly technology to provide, what are the alternatives for deploying C-RAN? How much loss is incurred in a 5G network if C-RAN is not available? On the other hand, the distributed RAN (D-RAN) is less demanding on the backhaul but is believed to lack in performance in terms of resource usage and efficiency of RAN deployment. In this work we address the comparison between C-RAN and D-RAN from a joint RAN and backhaul perspective in a quantitative manner, using a case study approach. Our results show that C-RAN is indeed cost effective and advantageous from a joint perspective; moreover, intermediate functional splits between the C-RAN and the D-RAN are promising as an evolution path towards 5G, in the absence of fibre.
Folding Propensity of Cyclohexylether-δ-peptides (2004)

[structure: see text] Linear (n = 2-18) and cyclic oligomers (n = 3-8) of a cyclohexylether-delta-amino acid (COA) were prepared in high yield and stereopurity. CD spectra of the linear oligomers were indicative of secondary structure formation. X-ray crystal structures of cyclic COA oligomers revealed hydrophobic packing and internal 5- and 10-membered-ring hydrogen bonds. Ether and amide oxygens reside preferably in an ap orientation. This conformational locking is apparently broken by a C-2 substituent in an asymmetric cyclotrimer, for which a zeolithe-like tubular structure was found.
Characterization of the RNA binding properties of transcription factor IIIA of<i>Xenopus laevis</i>oocytes (1985)

A nitrocellulose filter binding assay has been developed to study the interaction of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA with 5S RNA. The protein binds Xenopus oocyte 5S RNA with an association constant of 1.4 X 10(9) M-1 at 0.1 M salt, pH 7.5 at 20 degrees C. TF IIIA binds wheat germ 5S RNA with a two-fold higher affinity, E. coli 5S RNA with a four-fold weaker affinity, and has a barely detectable interaction with yeast tRNAphe. The preference for binding eukaryotic 5S RNA is enhanced in competition assays. The homologous reconstituted complex contains one molecule each of protein and 5S RNA and is indistinguishable from native 7S RNP in mobility on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels. The conformation of the RNA in reconstituted particles is identical to the conformation of RNA in native 7S RNP. Further analysis of the homologous interaction reveals that complex formation is a favoured both by enthalpy and entropy. The 5S RNA binding activity has a broad pH optimum spanning pH 6.0 to pH 8.0. Determination of the salt dependence of Ka reveals that as many as 5 lysine-phosphate type ionic bonds may be formed in the homologous complex. Approximately 68% of the free energy of complex formation is contributed by non-electrostatic interactions between TF IIIA and Xenopus 5S RNA.
User-centered design guidelines for collaborative software for intelligence analysis (2014)

In this position paper we discuss the necessity of using User-Centered Design (UCD) methods in order to design collaborative software for the intelligence community. We discuss a number of studies of collaboration in the intelligence community and use this information to provide some guidelines for collaboration software.