gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Providing Interoperability of eHealth Communities Through Peer-to-Peer Networks (2010)

Providing an interoperability infrastructure for Electronic Healthcare Records (EHRs) is on the agenda of many national and regional eHealth initiatives. Two important integration profiles have been specified for this purpose, namely, the "Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Cross-enterprise Document Sharing (XDS)" and the "IHE Cross Community Access (XCA)." IHE XDS describes how to share EHRs in a community of healthcare enterprises and IHE XCA describes how EHRs are shared across communities. However, the current version of the IHE XCA integration profile does not address some of the important challenges of cross-community exchange environments. The first challenge is scalability. If every community that joins the network needs to connect to every other community, i.e., a pure peer-to-peer network, this solution will not scale. Furthermore, each community may use a different coding vocabulary for the same metadata attribute, in which case, the target community cannot interpret the query involving such an attribute. Yet another important challenge is that each community may (and typically will) have a different patient identifier domain. Querying for the patient identifiers in the target community using patient demographic data may create patient privacy concerns. In this paper, we address each of these challenges and show how they can be handled effectively in a superpeer-based peer-to-peer architecture.
Observation and modeling of polycrystalline grain formation in Ge2Sb2Te5 (2012)

The relationship between the polycrystalline nature of phase change materials (such as Ge2Sb2Te5) and the intermediate resistance states of phase change memory (PCM) devices has not been widely studied. A full understanding of such states will require knowledge of how polycrystalline grains form, how they interact with each other at various temperatures, and how the differing electrical (and thermal) characteristics within the grains and at their boundaries combine through percolation to produce the externally observed electrical (and thermal) characteristics of a PCM device. We address the first of these tasks (and introduce a vehicle for the second) by studying the formation of fcc polycrystalline grains from the as-deposited amorphous state in undoped Ge2Sb2Te5. We perform ex situ transmission electron microscopy membrane experiments and then match these observations against numerical simulation. Ramped-anneal experiments show that the temperature ramp-rate strongly influences the median grain size. By truncating such ramped-anneal experiments at various peak temperatures, we convincingly demonstrate that the temperature range over which these grains are established is quite narrow. Subsequent annealing at elevated temperature appears to change these established distributions of grain sizes only slightly. Our numerical simulator—which models nuclei formation through classical nucleation theory and then tracks the subsequent time- and temperature-dependent growth of these grains—can match these experimental observations of initial grain distributions and crystallization temperature both qualitatively and quantitatively. These simulations show that the particular narrow temperature range over which crystallization occurs shifts as a function of temperature ramp-rate, which allows us to quantify the lower portions of the time-temperature-transformation map for Ge2Sb2Te5. Future experiments and extensions of the simulator to investigate temperature-dependent interactions between neighboring grains, and to study nucleation from within the melt-quenched amorphous state, are discussed.
Metal-free organic sensitizers for use in water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (2015)

Solar fuel generation requires the efficient capture and conversion of visible light. In both natural and artificial systems, molecular sensitizers can be tuned to capture, convert, and transfer visible light energy. We demonstrate that a series of metal-free porphyrins can drive photoelectrochemical water splitting under broadband and red light (λ > 590 nm) illumination in a dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cell. We report the synthesis, spectral, and electrochemical properties of the sensitizers. Despite slow recombination of photoinjected electrons with oxidized porphyrins, photocurrents are low because of low injection yields and slow electron self-exchange between oxidized porphyrins. The free-base porphyrins are stable under conditions of water photoelectrolysis and in some cases photovoltages in excess of 1 V are observed.
Relationships among Body Condition, Insulin Resistance and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Gene Expression during the Grazing Season in Mares (2015)

Obesity and insulin resistance have been shown to be risk factors for laminitis in horses. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of changes in body condition during the grazing season on insulin resistance and the expression of genes associated with obesity and insulin resistance in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Sixteen Finnhorse mares were grazing either on cultivated high-yielding pasture (CG) or semi-natural grassland (NG) from the end of May to the beginning of September. Body measurements, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and neck and tailhead SAT gene expressions were measured in May and September. At the end of grazing, CG had higher median body condition score (7 vs. 5.4, interquartile range 0.25 vs. 0.43; P=0.05) and body weight (618 kg vs. 572 kg ± 10.21 (mean ± SEM); P=0.02), and larger waist circumference (P=0.03) than NG. Neck fat thickness was not different between treatments. However, tailhead fat thickness was smaller in CG compared to NG in May (P=0.04), but this difference disappeared in September. Greater basal and peak insulin concentrations, and faster glucose clearance rate (P=0.03) during IVGTT were observed in CG compared to NG in September. A greater decrease in plasma non-esterified fatty acids during IVGTT (P<0.05) was noticed in CG compared to NG after grazing. There was down-regulation of insulin receptor, retinol binding protein 4, leptin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and up-regulation of adiponectin (ADIPOQ), adiponectin receptor 1 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expressions in SAT of both groups during the grazing season (P<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between ADIPOQ and its receptors and between SCD and ADIPOQ in SAT (P<0.01). In conclusion, grazing on CG had a moderate effect on responses during IVGTT, but did not trigger insulin resistance. Significant temporal differences in gene expression profiles were observed during the grazing season.
Energy-constrained task mapping and scheduling in wireless sensor networks (2005)

Collaboration among sensors through parallel processing mechanisms emerges as a promising solution to achieve high processing power in resource-restricted wireless sensor networks (WSN). Although task mapping and scheduling in wired networks of processors has been well studied in the past, their application to WSNs remains largely unexplored. Due to the limitations of WSNs, existing algorithms cannot be directly implemented in WSNs. In this paper, a task mapping and scheduling solution for energy-constrained applications in WSNs, energy-constrained task mapping and scheduling (EcoMapS), is presented. EcoMapS incorporates channel modeling, concurrent task mapping, communication and computation scheduling, and sensor failure handling algorithm. The performance of EcoMapS is evaluated through simulations with randomly generated directed acyclic graphs (DAG). Simulation results show significant performance improvements compared with an existing mechanism in terms of minimizing schedule lengths subject to energy consumption constrains
Greedy randomised adaptive search procedures for topological design of MPLS networks (2002)

In this paper, the IP/MPLS network cost optimisation problem of selecting localisation of nodes and links, combined with link`s dimensioning, is discussed. As the considered problem is hard, we discuss and propose greedy randomised adaptive search procedure (GRASP) based solution method. GRASP is an iterative randomised sampling technique which combines adaptive randomised greedy function in constructing initial solution with local search optimisation. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by means of a~numerical study. We compare the GRASP results with results for both exact and heuristic methods obtained in previous research concerning topological design problem.
Executing nested queries (2003)

Abstract: Optimization of nested queries, in particular finding equivalent “flattened” queries for queries that employ the SQL sub-query construct, has been researched extensively. In contrast, with the exception of nested loops join, execution of nested plans has found little interest. Nested execution plans may result from a failure to flatten nested SQL expressions but just as likely are created by a query optimizer to exploit all available indexes as effectively as possible. In fact, if materialized views and index tuning perform as expected, few queries should require large operations such as parallel scans, sorts and hash joins, and most actual query plans will rely entirely on navigating indexes on tables and views. Note that only index navigation plans scale truly gracefully, i.e., perform equally well on large and on very large databases, whereas sorting and hashing scale at best linearly. Since a typical index navigation plan employs nested iteration, this paper describes techniques to execute such plans efficiently as well as means to cleanly implement these techniques. Taken together, these techniques can improve query performance by orders of magnitude, giving them obvious practical importance. 1
Hitts Lake Unit Polymer Project (1984)

ABSTRACT Polymer injection for mobility control and sweep efficiency improvement has been ongoing in Sun's Hitts Lake Field Unit since October, 1980. The polymer augmented waterflood was implemented in stages in the four fault blocks. This paper summarizes the history of the planning, operation and results of the project to date.
Terahertz emission from narrow band gap semiconductors (2007)

We report an experimental study on THz-emission from narrow band gap semiconductors excited by femtosecond nearinfrared laser pulses. In particular, we studied GaSb, Ga<sub>1-x</sub>In<sub>x</sub>Sb and InN. The Ga<sub>1-x</sub>In<sub>x</sub>Sb material system enables the study of the influence of carrier concentrations on THz emission process in narrow band gap semiconductors. The study demonstrates the existence of a compromise between the positive effect of high electron temperature provided by narrow band gap materials and the negative effect of high intrinsic carrier concentrations. The influence of the majority and minority carrier types and concentrations on THz emission strength was investigated using GaSb:Te. By varying the majority and minority carrier type and carrier concentrations over three orders of magnitude the THz emission mechanism in GaSb can be tuned from being dominated by the photo-Dember effect to being dominated by surface field acceleration. Within each regime photo-Dember based THz emission and surface field acceleration based THz emission are maximized under specific majority and minority carrier concentrations. Strong advantages of InN as THz-emitter over other narrow band gap materials, are strong intrinsic electric fields, low intrinsic carrier concentration and most importantly, very low probability of intervalley scattering.
Rings and Hexagons Made of Nanocrystals:  A Marangoni Effect (2000)

By controlling solvent evaporation rates, it has been possible to form micrometer rings and hexagonal arrays made of nanocrystals of different sizes, shapes and materials. Such patterns are driven by surface tension gradients that induce Bénard−Marangoni instabilities in the liquid films. The resulting self-assembled structures are consistent with theoretical prediction of hydrodynamic instabilities.
Minimal concentrations of aminoglycoside that can synergize with penicillin in enterococcal endocarditis (1981)

Minimal concentrations of aminoglycoside that could produce a synergistic effect with penicillin were investigated in broth cultures containing 10(8) enterococci per ml, in vitro in vegetations infected with ca. 10(8) enterococci per g, and in vivo in an experimental model of enterococcal endocarditis. Penicillin G plus gentamicin (1.5 or 0.75 microgram/ml) sterilized a broth culture of a streptomycin-resistant strain (E1) at 48 h. In contrast, penicillin G plus gentamicin (1.5 or 0.75 microgram/ml) sterilized only 2 of 15 in vitro vegetations at 5 days. Similarly, doses of gentamicin that resulted in peak serum levels of 1.5 microgram/ml failed after 10 days of therapy with penicillin G plus gentamicin to sterilize in vivo vegetations infected with E1, and doses of gentamicin that resulted in peak serum levels of about 8 micrograms/ml sterilized four of six vegetations. Similar results were obtained with a streptomycin-susceptible strain. These studies indicated that the rate of bactericidal activity in broth cultures is greater than the bacteriological response in infected vegetations and that aminoglycoside concentrations that appear efficacious on the basis of synergy studies in broth cultures may not be satisfactory clinically.
A 79 GHz dynamic frequency divider in SiGe bipolar technology (2002)

Conventional static frequency dividers use master-slave flipflops to achieve frequency division. They allow broadband operation down to DC as long as the slew rate of the input signal is high enough. Their upper frequency, however, is Limited by the gate delay /spl tau//sub D/ to a value of approximately 1/(2 /spl tau//sub D/). Significantly higher operating frequencies can be achieved by dynamic frequency dividers. The limited bandwidth of dynamic dividers is a drawback but poses no problem in many applications which require divider operation only in a specific frequency range. Dynamic dividers manufactured in III-V-technologies and, recently, in SiGe technology achieve maximum operating frequencies of 60 GHz to 75 GHz. However, most of these circuits operate over relatively narrow bandwidths of less than one octave. This regenerative frequency divider exploits the high-speed potential of SiGe technologies to combine high maximum frequency with operation over wide frequency range.
CenterMask: single shot instance segmentation with point representation (2020)

In this paper, we propose a single-shot instance segmentation method, which is simple, fast and accurate. There are two main challenges for one-stage instance segmentation: object instances differentiation and pixel-wise feature alignment. Accordingly, we decompose the instance segmentation into two parallel subtasks: Local Shape prediction that separates instances even in overlapping conditions, and Global Saliency generation that segments the whole image in a pixel-to-pixel manner. The outputs of the two branches are assembled to form the final instance masks. To realize that, the local shape information is adopted from the representation of object center points. Totally trained from scratch and without any bells and whistles, the proposed CenterMask achieves 34.5 mask AP with a speed of 12.3 fps, using a single-model with single-scale training/testing on the challenging COCO dataset. The accuracy is higher than all other one-stage instance segmentation methods except the 5 times slower TensorMask, which shows the effectiveness of CenterMask. Besides, our method can be easily embedded to other one-stage object detectors such as FCOS and performs well, showing the generalization of CenterMask.
Beta-lactams and Beta-lactamase-inhibitors in current- or potential-clinical practice: A comprehensive update (2009)

The use of successive generations of beta-lactams has selected successive generations of beta-lactamases including CTX-M ESBLs, AmpC beta-lactamases, and KPC carbapenamases in Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, this cephalosporin resistance, along with rising resistance to fluoroquinolones, is now driving the use of carbapenems and unfortunately the carbapenem resistance has emerged markedly, especially in Acinetobacter spp. due to OXA- and metallo-carbapenemases. The industry responded to the challenge of rising resistance and recently developed some novel beta-lactams such as ceftobiprole, ceftaroline etc. and many beta-lactam compounds, including beta-lactamase-inhibitors, such as BMS-247243, S-3578, RWJ-54428, CS-023, SMP-601, NXL 104, BAL 30376, LK 157, and so on are under trials. This review provides the comprehensive accounts of the developments in penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and beta-lactamase-inhibitors, and the insight about medicinal chemistry, mechanism(s) of action and resistance, potential strategies to overcome resistance due to beta-lactamases, and also the recent advancements in the development of newer beta-lactam compounds; some of which are still under trials and yet to be classified. This review will fill the gap since previously published reviews and will serve as a comprehensive update on the current topic.
Amy Beach, Passionate Victorian: The Life and Work of an American Composer, 1867-1944 (1999)

Amy Beach, Passionate Victorian: The Life and Work of an American Composer, 1867-1944. Adrienne Fried Block. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 448 pp. Index, illustrations, scores, appendices. $45.00 (cloth), ISBN 0-19-507408-4. At the conclusion of biography, Adrienne Fried Block writes that she hopes she has neither diminished Amy Beach nor blown up to superwoman size but rather shown as a fallible girl and woman who exhibited courage in the face of obstacles. . (298). She succeeds in task by weaving the scores of Amy Beach's (1867-1944) music with the narrative of daily life to tell the story of this remarkable Victorian woman. Though the work is primarily about Beach's life as a composer, the book is by no means only for those interested in music. Discussions of Victorian society and gender roles make this biography of interest to a broader audience. Readers interested in music will be pleased with the detailed descriptions of Beach's compositions and the facsimile scores, while readers interested in women's lives and the changes in society between the nineteenth and twentieth century will find a fascinating study of a talented woman who refused to be limited by the time in which she lived. Amy Beach's music is the main focus of the work and Block rightly identifies Beach as an American composer instead of just a female composer. Born Amy Marcy Cheney, the fair-haired child with large blue-violet eyes, (4) she created music from a young age, composing by the age of four. Her musical family did not want to recognize natural talents at first but finally had to acknowledge them. Beach's musical development and training are traced through a number of examples of works. Expectations about Beach's life as a composer and musician are described from the perspectives of family and from the musical society of Boston. Analysis of the politics of being a female and a composer in the Victorian era is often at the heart of the sections on Beach's adult life. At age 27, Beach began to compose a symphony, the ultimate test of skill for a composer, especially one without much formal training. She kept a fresh perspective throughout musical career; she claimed that song writing was recreation for her (146). Beach performed widely and composed music until nearly the end of life in 1944. Descriptions of the roles Beach played as a daughter, wife, and friend add to the interest of this biography. …
Business Analytics in (a) Blink (2012)

The Blink project’s ambitious goal is to answer all Business Intelligence (BI) queries in mere seconds, regardless of the database size, with an extremely low total cost of ownership. Blink is a new DBMS aimed primarily at read-mostly BI query processing that exploits scale-out of commodity multi-core processors and cheap DRAM to retain a (copy of a) data mart completely in main memory. Additionally, it exploits proprietary compression technology and cache-conscious algorithms that reduce memory bandwidth consumption and allow most SQL query processing to be performed on the compressed data. Blink always scans (portions of) the data mart in parallel on all nodes, without using any indexes or materialized views, and without any query optimizer to choose among them. The Blink technology has thus far been incorporated into two IBM accelerator products generally available since March 2011. We are now working on the next generation of Blink, which will signiﬁcantly expand the “sweet spot” of the Blink technology to much larger, disk-based warehouses and allow Blink to “own” the data, rather than copies of it.
Regulation of the T-cell receptor delta enhancer by functional cooperation between c-Myb and core-binding factors. (1994)

A T-cell-specific transcriptional enhancer lies within the J delta 3-C delta intron of the human T-cell receptor (TCR) delta gene. The 30-bp minimal enhancer element denoted delta E3 carries a core sequence (TGTGGTTT) that binds a T-cell-specific factor, and that is necessary but not sufficient for transcriptional activation. Here we demonstrate that the transcription factor c-Myb regulates TCR delta enhancer activity through a binding site in delta E3 that is adjacent to the core site. Both v-Myb and c-Myb bind specifically to delta E3. The Myb site is necessary for enhancer activity, because a mutation that eliminates Myb binding abolishes transcriptional activation by the delta E3 element and by the 370-bp TCR delta enhancer. Transfection of cells with a c-Myb expression construct upregulates delta E3 enhancer activity, whereas treatment of cells with an antisense c-myb oligonucleotide inhibits delta E3 enhancer activity. Since intact Myb and core sites are both required for delta E3 function, our data argue that c-Myb and core binding factors must cooperate to mediate transcriptional activation through delta E3. Efficient cooperation depends on the relative positioning of the Myb and core sites, since only one of two overlapping Myb sites within delta E3 is functional and alterations of the distance between this site and the core site disrupt enhancer activity. Cooperative regulation by c-Myb and core-binding factors is likely to play an important role in the control of gene expression during T-cell development.
System performance of a nonlinear optical loop mirror used as demultiplexer for bit rates of 40 Gbit/s and beyond (1995)

Nonlinear optical fiber loop mirrors (NOLM) are attractive devices for multiplexing optical signals with bitrates of up to 100 Gbit/s and beyond. So far, less attention has been paid to the relation between design of the demultiplexer and the resulting system performance characterized by parameters like input power penalty and wavelength tolerance. Based on our own measurements of a polarization-independent 40 Gbit/s demultiplexer and in conjunction with a new theoretical approach modeling NOLM transmission and worst-case input power penalty of the demultiplexer, a device capable of 100 Gbit/s operation is analyzed. The survey illustrates the potential and trade-offs of the NOLM concept assuming a limited cw power of the switching wave. E.g., the calculations show that a 14.5 dBm booster EDFA together with a loop fiber length between 1 and 2 km allow low penalty drop rates (< 6 dB worst-case penalty) of the demultiplexed channel between 1.3 and 8.8 Gbit/s. Then 100 Gbit/s operation should be possible within a wavelength range of at least 5 nm.