gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pd nanoparticles on ZnO-passivated porous carbon by atomic layer deposition: an effective electrochemical catalyst for Li-O<sub>2</sub> battery (2015)

Uniformly dispersed Pd nanoparticles on ZnO-passivated porous carbon were synthesized via an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, which was tested as a cathode material in a rechargeable Li-O2 battery, showing a highly active catalytic effect toward the electrochemical reactions-in particular, the oxygen evolution reaction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed discrete crystalline nanoparticles decorating the surface of the ZnO-passivated porous carbon support in which the size could be controlled in the range of 3-6 nm, depending on the number of Pd ALD cycles performed. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Pd K-edge revealed that the carbon-supported Pd existed in a mixed phase of metallic palladium and palladium oxide. The ZnO-passivated layer effectively blocks the defect sites on the carbon surface, minimizing the electrolyte decomposition. Our results suggest that ALD is a promising technique for tailoring the surface composition and structure of nanoporous supports for Li-O2 batteries.
MR1 antigen presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T cells was highly conserved in evolution (2009)

Several nonclassical major histocompatibilty antigens (class Ib molecules) have emerged as key players in the early immune response to pathogens or stress. Class Ib molecules activate subsets of T cells that mount effector responses before the adaptive immune system, and thus are called innate T cells. MR1 is a novel class Ib molecule with properties highly suggestive of its regulation of mucosal immunity. The Mr1 gene is evolutionarily conserved, is non-Mhc linked, and controls the development of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. MAIT cells preferentially reside in the gut, and their development is dependent on commensal microbiota. Although these properties suggest that MAIT cells function as innate T cells in the mucosa, this has been difficult to test, due to the (i) paucity of MAIT cells that display MR1-specific activation in vitro and (ii) lack of knowledge of whether or not MR1 presents antigen. Here we show that both mouse and human MAIT cells display a high level of cross-reactivity on mammalian MR1 orthologs, but with differences consistent with limited ligand discrimination. Furthermore, acid eluates from recombinant or cellular MR1 proteins enhance MAIT cell activation in an MR1-specific and cross-species manner. Our findings demonstrate that the presentation pathway of MR1 to MAIT cells is highly evolutionarily conserved.
A single stage buck-boost three-phase rectifier with high power factor operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) (2011)

This paper presents a three-phase Buck-Boost rectifier operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM). The proposed circuit provide, with a single-stage, output voltages lower or higher than input line voltage peak. The circuit has three operating modes: Boost, Buck and Buck-or-Boost. The transition between the operation modes occurs naturally, without supervisory circuits. The modulation schemes are based on a modulator with two saw tooth carriers. Sinusoidal currents with low distortion and high power factor on all operating modes were obtained. The three-phase circuit achievement is presented, along with its operational modes analysis, control and modulation strategies. In addition, the simulations results are shown, validating the theoretical analysis.
AquaMesh - Design and Implementation of Smart Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks for Aquaculture (2013)

In this paper we design and implemented a dynamic and smart wireless mesh sensor network for aquaculture and water quality management applications. This system utilizes the Waspmote embedded systems platform developed by Libelium, mesh networking transceivers from Digi International and smart sensors from UNISM to implement a novel smart Wireless Mesh Sensor network –Aquamesh with multiple gateways of different technologies (Zigbee, GPRS and WIFI). The system is designed to continuously monitor aqua-environmental parameters and then initiate an alert or early warning to system user when certain thresholds are exceeded. The data generated from this system is stored locally on the gateway or sent to a remote web server. Data on the local database or remote web server can be accessed with smart mobile phones or personal computers. The experimental results show that the system presented in this paper is feasible to implement and present results consistent with traditional aqua-quality monitoring systems. This system will find application in the monitoring of marine and wetlands environments like fish ponds, coastal water pollution monitoring systems, effluent and sewage treatment plants, offshore oil and gas drilling facilities.
Sport und Freie Radikale (2004)

Regelmäßiger körperlicher Belastung im Sinne von sportlicher Betätigung wird insgesamt eine gesundheitsfördernde und lebensverlängernde Wirkung zugeschrieben. Hierfür wird unter anderem die Verbesserung der körpereigenen Abwehr gegen Freie Radikale verantwortlich gemacht. Dies, obwohl intensive körperliche Belastung nicht nur über den mitochondrialen Energiestoffwechsel selbst zu einer gesteigerten Produktion von Freien Radikalen führen kann. Insgesamt kann jedoch davon ausgegangen werden, daß der Schutz vor oxidativem Stress, der bei einer erhöhten Belastung mit Freien Radikalen auftritt, durch regelmäßiges Training verbessert wird. Viele Arten von Stress, wie Hitze, Bestrahlung, Hypoxie, Entzündung und insgesamt Erhöhungen des Metabolismus, einschließlich körperlicher Belastung, Verletzungen und Reparaturprozesse führen zu einer Erhöhung von Freien Radikalen, die in reaktive Sauerstoffspezies und reaktive Stickstoffspezies unterteilt werden können. Die Freien Radikalen können vor allem über Veränderungen von Proteinen, Lipiden und der DNA zu einer Zell- bzw. Gewebeschädigung führen, die den Gesundheitszustand verschlechtern und Alterungsprozesse induzieren. Der protektive Effekt von regelmäßigem Training dürfte in der Hochregulation von antioxidativen Systemen und einer komplexen Regulation von Reparaturmechanismen, wie etwa der Hitzeschockproteine bestehen. Obwohl eine Vielzahl von Untersuchungen zur Bildung und Wirkung von sowie dem Schutz vor Freien Radikalen im Zusammenhang mit körperlicher Belastung und Training durchgeführt wurde, gibt es keine eindeutigen Erkenntnisse zum optimalen Training für den Schutz vor Freien Radikalen. Dies liegt zum einen daran, daß eine Reihe von weiteren Faktoren mit in die Bildung, die Wirkung und den Schutz vor Freien Radikalen hinein spielen, wie etwa die Ernährung, das Alter und insbesondere auch das Geschlecht, zum anderen aber auch daran, daß die kurzlebigen Freien Radikale nur sehr schwierig in vivo nachgewiesen werden können und die Übertragbarkeit vom Tiermodell auf den Menschen eingeschränkt ist. Weitere Untersuchungen müssen unter Berücksichtigung der anderen Einflußfaktoren, wie z. B. dem Geschlecht und der Ernährung, klären, wie ein optimaler Trainingseffekt im Zusammenhang mit dem Schutz vor Freien Radikalenwirkungen evaluiert werden kann.
An efficient framework for learning sentence representations (2018)

In this work we propose a simple and efficient framework for learning sentence representations from unlabelled data. Drawing inspiration from the distributional hypothesis and recent work on learning sentence representations, we reformulate the problem of predicting the context in which a sentence appears as a classification problem. Given a sentence and its context, a classifier distinguishes context sentences from other contrastive sentences based on their vector representations. This allows us to efficiently learn different types of encoding functions, and we show that the model learns high-quality sentence representations. We demonstrate that our sentence representations outperform state-of-the-art unsupervised and supervised representation learning methods on several downstream NLP tasks that involve understanding sentence semantics while achieving an order of magnitude speedup in training time.
Two Perspectives on Spiritual Dryness: Spiritual Desertion and the Dark Night of the Soul (2011)

St. John of the Cross’ work, The Dark Night of the Soul, and Joseph Symonds’ work, The Case and Cure of a Deserted Soul, offer two compelling treatments on the subject of spiritual dryness. Moreover, these works represent two spiritual traditions (the Discalced Carmelites and the English Puritans respectively) which offer distinct but viable perspectives on the Christian life. This paper seeks to answer the following question: What is the degree of similarity between St. John of the Cross’ understanding of the dark night of the soul and Joseph Symonds’ understanding of spiritual desertion? A secondary question is also addressed: What is the value of these resources for pastoral care today? Although notable differences exist between the two, their degree of similarity is significant considering the disconnection between the spiritual traditions that each represent. Moreover, these works are invaluable resources for contemporary pastoral care.
How bad is reliable multicast without local recovery? (2002)

We examine the impact of the loss recovery mechanisms on the performance of a reliable multicast protocol. Approaches to reliable multicast can be divided into two major classes: source-based recovery, and distributed recovery. For both classes we consider the state of the art: for source-based recovery, a type 2 hybrid ARQ scheme with parity retransmission; for distributed recovery, a scheme with local multicast retransmission and local feedback processing. We further show the benefits of combining the two approaches and consider a type 2 hybrid ARQ scheme with local retransmission. The schemes are compared for up to 10/sup 6/ receivers under different loss scenarios with respect to network bandwidth usage and completion time of a reliable transfer. We show that the protocol based on local retransmissions via type 2 hybrid ARQ performs best for bandwidth and latency. For networks, where local retransmission is not possible, we show that a protocol based on type 2 hybrid ARQ comes close to the performance of a protocol with local retransmissions.
Deterministic inversion of seismic data in the depth domain (2012)

Deterministic seismic inversion in the time domain has been used for four decades to derive acoustic impedance from seismic data. This study introduces deterministic inversion of seismic data in the depth domain. PSDM volumes are increasingly common in exploration seismology. However, attempts to tie wells to PSDM volumes are notoriously fraught with problems. Therefore, standard practice converts PSDM output into the time domain for seismic-synthetic correlation, inversion, and reservoir property prediction. It is then necessary to convert reservoir properties back to the depth domain for the development of reservoir models. If the seismic-synthetic match and seismic inversion in the depth domain exploits depth-domain output directly for quantitative analysis, the depth-to-time conversion and time-to-depth conversion steps can be avoided without compromising quality.
Control of Water and Gas Coning by Dynamic Pressure Barrier: Application to a Carbonate Reservoir (1995)

The ability of a fluid continuously injected at near the water-oil contact or gas-oil contact (white producing oil) to reduce the coming was investigated by numerical reservoir simulation. The injection creates a dynamic barrier to the flow of water or gas info the well.
Carboxylic acids and esters (1997)

T. Ladduwahetty, Contemp. Org. Synth., 1997, 4, 309 DOI: 10.1039/CO9970400309
In situ detection of platelet-derived growth factor-A and -B chain mRNA in human coronary arteries after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. (1996)

Experimental studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) plays a role in wound-healing processes after angioplasty. In humans, after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), this has not yet been documented. Six coronary arteries of five patients who died after PTCA were studied. The angioplasty sites were sliced serially, and the slices were studied using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Monoclonal antibodies were directed against muscle actin, vimentin, macrophages, and endothelium. In situ hybridization was performed using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe complementary to the PDGF-A and -B chain mRNAs. The identification of cells was based on a comparison with immune-stained sections. Positive autoradiographic signals for PDGF-A and -B chain mRNAs were found at the site of the PTCA injury and related to areas that contained macrophages, spindle cells, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells of neovascularization. In humans, both PDGF-A and -B chain mRNAs are expressed at sites of PTCA injury. The expression relates to the reparative response, and it appears that the cells involved are macrophages, spindle cells, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells of neovascularization. This is the first study to document the expression of PDGF-A and -B mRNAs at sites of repair in human coronary arteries after PTCA. It suggests strongly that PDGF is involved in the repair process after PTCA.
<title>Algorithm for the discovery of clusters in WBC data</title> (1996)

Analysis of white blood cell flow cytometry light scatter data remains a challenging problem. Conventional methods for analyzing flow cytometry data use 2D scatterplots of multidimensional data. We have developed an automated method to locate and characterize clusters within WBC data. Our method uses the full dimensionality of the data and employs the recursive application of a two-step algorithm. Input to the first step is a dataset of cellular events divided into two assumed clusters. A clustering algorithm iteratively refines these initial clusters. This algorithm is based upon an extension of the k-means clustering algorithm. If two populations are confirmed, the data for each cluster are passed, in turn, to the second step, a splitting algorithm. This algorithm determines the potential for further subdivision of the data. When this potential exists, an approximate division of the data is made. These new subclusters are passed as input to step one and the process is repeated. The process terminates when either the clustering algorithm converges to a single population or when the splitting algorithm finds no potential for further subdivisions. Using the full dimensionality of the data, our method can characterize clusters within WBC data even in cases where these clusters overlap in the standard 2D scatterplots.
Remote control: distributed application configuration, management, and visualization with plush (2007)

Support for distributed application management in large-scale networked environments remains in its early stages. Although a number of solutions exist for subtasks of application deployment, monitoring, maintenance, and visualization in distributed environments, few tools provide a unified framework for application management. Many of the existing tools address the management needs of a single type of application or service that runs in a specific environment, and these tools are not adaptable enough to be used for other applications or platforms. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of Plush, a fully configurable application management infrastructure designed to meet the general requirements of several different classes of distributed applications and execution environments. Plush allows developers to specifically define the flow of control needed by their computations using application building blocks. Through an extensible resource management interface, Plush supports execution in a variety of environments, including both live deployment platforms and emulated clusters. To gain an understanding of how Plush manages different classes of distributed applications, we take a closer look at specific applications and evaluate how Plush provides support for each.
Microwave InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMTs: status and applications (1990)

The development of HEMTs based on the InAlAs/InGaAs/InP materials system for high-frequency analog applications is reported. Devices with 0.15- mu m gatelengths have demonstrated extrinsic transconductance of 1500 mS/mm and extrapolated maximum frequency of oscillation f/sub max/ greater than 450 GHz. The noise figure is the lowest of any room-temperature receiver technology over the 5 to 100 GHz frequency range. Prospects for power amplification are excellent: power-added efficiency of 41% has already been demonstrated at 60 GHz. The integration of these devices into monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Visual Motion Perception (1988)

Visual motion provides useful information about the surrounding environment, and this information is extracted and used by biological visual systems in a variety of tasks. Sophisticated mechanisms for extracting and utilizing visual motion are found even in simple animals. For example, the frog has efficient "bug detection" mechanisms that respond selectively to small dark objects moving in its visual field. The ordinary housefly can track moving objects and can discover the relative motion between a target and its background when the two are identical in texture and therefore indistinguishable in the absence of relative motion. Visual motion is also used in the guidance of locomotion and the control of body motion. Another remarkable use of visual motion is the interpretation of structure from motion, which is the recovery of three-dimensional shape using motion information alone. This capacity has been demonstrated in the classical studies of H. Wallach and D.N. O'Connell, in which an unfamiliar object was rotated behind a translucent screen and its shadow projection observed from the other side of the screen. The viewers were able to give a correct description of the hidden object's three-dimensional structure and motion in Space, even when each static view was unrecognizable and contained no three-dimensional information.KeywordsVisual MotionMotion PerceptionMotion MeasurementHide ObjectApparent Motion PhenomenonThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Responses of Two Contrasting Genotypes of Rice to Brown Planthopper (2007)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and brown planthoppers (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) provide an ideal system for studying molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between plants and phloem-feeding insects. The phenotypic responses and changes in transcript profiles of seedlings representing two rice cultivars differing in resistance to the BPH were analyzed. In the BPH-compatible (susceptible) cv. MH63, BPH feeding reduced three examined plant growth parameters (leaf area expansion, height increases, and dry weight increases) and photosynthetic rates of the leaves. In the BPH-incompatible (resistant) cv. B5, BPH feeding caused slight reductions in protein and sucrose contents, but the plants maintained their photosynthetic activity and grew normally. A cDNA microarray containing 1,920 suppression subtractive hybridization clones was used to explore the transcript profiles differences in the two cultivars under control and BPH-feeding conditions. In total, 160 unique genes were detected as being significantly affected by BPH feeding in rice plants, covering a wide range of functional categories, and there were 38 genes that showed the similar transcript pattern in both genotypes. The physiological responses and transcript profiles of plants represented in both genotypes suggested that multiple pathways might be involved in reprogramming of BPH-infested rice plants. The differences in transcript levels between the compatible and incompatible interactions revealed in this study were not only the reaction of resistance and susceptibility but also reflections of different damage rates and genotypic backgrounds of the rice cultivars.
RNAi Silencing in Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2007)

RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those associated with autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance. In proof of concept experiments, several groups have demonstrated efficacy of using viral vectors expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) directed against therapeutically relevant genes in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, including spinocerebellar ataxia, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington's Disease and amyloidosis (a pathological aspect of Alzheimer's Disease). Although viral-based RNAi has limitations that most likely will preclude its usage in humans, a few recent developments underscore the potential of non-viral-based delivery of relevant RNAi as therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, I will review the recent literature on effectiveness of RNAi as a therapeutic strategy in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases.
Traffic Congestion Detection System through Connected Vehicles and Big Data (2016)

This article discusses the simulation and evaluation of a traffic congestion detection system which combines inter-vehicular communications, fixed roadside infrastructure and infrastructure-to-infrastructure connectivity and big data. The system discussed in this article permits drivers to identify traffic congestion and change their routes accordingly, thus reducing the total emissions of CO₂ and decreasing travel time. This system monitors, processes and stores large amounts of data, which can detect traffic congestion in a precise way by means of a series of algorithms that reduces localized vehicular emission by rerouting vehicles. To simulate and evaluate the proposed system, a big data cluster was developed based on Cassandra, which was used in tandem with the OMNeT++ discreet event network simulator, coupled with the SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) traffic simulator and the Veins vehicular network framework. The results validate the efficiency of the traffic detection system and its positive impact in detecting, reporting and rerouting traffic when traffic events occur.
Testing Human Machine Interface (HMI) Rich Designs using Model-Based Design (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Today's vehicles are typically outfitted with passenger convenience features that require Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs). HMIs can be relatively simple - such as a remote key fob - or more sophisticated - such as a radio face plate. Traditional development of HMIs involves two typically independent processes - (1) Physical Component Design and (2) Functional Logic Design. The physical component design is developed by a team that usually includes both graphics and ergonomics designers to ensure that the HMI is intuitive and fits well with the interior styling of the vehicle. The functional logic design follows a more typical software development process. This process is based on functional requirements commonly written in terms of user requests and system responses as represented by the HMI. As the complexity of the system increases, it is essential for the intuitiveness and ease of use of the HMI to advance as well. For teams using traditional methods to design, prototype, and fully test an HMI, achieving this level of ease of use is becoming increasingly challenging. In an earlier paper, the authors demonstrated how to create a “soft” version of the HMI under development and then use this to generate and record test vectors [<span class="xref">1</span>]. These test vectors could then be used to exercise the design under test to determine if the HMI logic was completely tested and if the design met the specified requirements. In this paper, the authors will address two important workflow issues to support the logic design and verification of HMIs - (1) integration of the HMI graphics and HMI logic and (2) formal verification of the HMI logic.</div>