gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atheroembolism from the ascending aorta. An emerging problem in cardiac surgery. (1992)

As the ages of patients undergoing cardiac operations have increased, noncardiac causes of death have increased. To identify these causes of death, we analyzed the autopsy findings in 221 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization or valve operations between 1982 and 1989. Mean age was 65.6 +/- 9.5 years and the range was from 32 to 94 years; 130 patients (58.8%) were male. Autopsies were complete in 129 patients (58.4%) and limited to the chest and abdomen in the remainder. Embolic disease was identified in 69 patients (31.2%). Atheroemboli or abnormalities consistent with atheroemboli were identified in 48 patients (21.7%). Fourteen patients had thromboembolism and 7 had disseminated intravascular coagulation. The prevalence of atheroembolic disease increased dramatically from 4.5% in 1982 to 48.3% in 1989 (p = 0.001). Atheroembolic disease was found in the brain in 16.3% of patients, spleen in 10.9%, kidney in 10.4%, and pancreas in 6.8%. Thirty (62.5%) of the 48 patients had multiple atheroembolic sites. Atheroemboli were more common in patients undergoing coronary artery procedures (43/165; 26.1%) than in those undergoing valve procedures (5/56; 8.9%) (p = 0.008). There was a high correlation of atheroemboli with severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta. Atheroembolic events occurred in 46 of 123 patients (37.4%) with severe disease of the ascending aorta but in only 2 of 98 patients (2%) without significant ascending aortic disease (p less than 0.0001). Forty-six of 48 patients (95.8%) who had evidence of atheroemboli had severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta. There was a direct correlation between age, severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta, and atheroemboli. Incremental risk factors for atheroembolic are peripheral vascular disease and severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta.
A Rapid and Efficient Method for the Isolation of Proteins from Polyacrylamide Gels (1977)

Abstract A procedure is described for the rapid and efficient electrophoretic elution of protein from polyacrylamide gels which is then collected in a dialysis bag tied to the end of a tube containing the gel slices. To illustrate the method a heterogeneous preparation of alkaline phosphatase was used from which a single homogeneous component was isolated in six hours with a recovery of 86%. The eluted protein is collected in a volume which can easily be kept below 1.5 ml, thus eliminating the need for subsequent concentration. The method has also been used successfully in two other systems in which a human lung tumor-associated antigen and glycogen synthetase from yeast were isolated. Since the method utilizes a standard analytical gel electrophoresis apparatus with no modifications or accessories, it should be immediately applicable for the isolation of many different proteins from polyacrylamide gels.
Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment, Root Restriction, Photosynthesis, and Dry-matter Partitioning in Subtropical and Tropical Fruit Crops (1999)

Bruce SchafferTropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida,18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, Florida 33031Anthony W. WhileyMaroochy Research Station, Centre for Subtropical Fruit, Queensland Horticulture Institute, Department ofPrimary Industries, P.O. Box 5083 S.C.M.C., Nambour 4560, Queensland, AustraliaChristopher SearleBundaberg Research Station, Queensland Horticulture Institute, Department of Primary Industries, Ashfield Road,Kalkie 4670, Australia
Nested loops optimization for multiprocessor architecture design (2002)

Multi-dimensional systems, including image processing, geophysical signal processing, and fluid dynamics, are becoming one of the most important targets of computational improvement studies. Most of the optimized solutions to those problems point to the use of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). From the analysis of the multi-dimensional programming code, one can observe that nested loop like structures are often the most time consuming part. Designing ASICs with multiple processing units is usually the appropriate solution to achieve the required computational performance. In this paper, a new loop transformation algorithm, which allows an efficient utilization of the multiprocessor system is presented. Uniform nested loops are modeled as multi-dimensional data flow graphs. New loop structures are generated so that an arbitrary number of processors available in the system can run in parallel. An example demonstrates the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Premature Ejaculation (2006)

Condensed guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PE are presented. Once diagnosis is suspected, optimal treatment regimens should be established utilizing randomized placebo-controlled trials.
Uptake and Retention of Alkali-Soluble and Alkali-Insoluble Fluoride in Sound Enamel in vivo after Mouthrinses with 0.05% or 0.2% NaF (1983)

The uptake and retention of alkali-soluble and alkali-insoluble (fluorapatite) fluoride in human teeth in vivo was investigated in a group of orthodontic patients from whom two premolars were to be extracted. Daily mouthrinses with 0.05 % NaF for 2 weeks increased the fluoride content of the outer enamel layer (≈ 5 μm) by 15.9%. One rinse with 0.2% NaFincreased the fluoride content by 5.8%. Amajor part of the fluoride deposited was soluble in alkali. No significant uptake of fluoride in a second enamel layer (≈5 μm) was found. It is suggested that the alkali-soluble fraction of fluoride, representing the major part of the fluoride retentate, might serve as a significant reservoir of fluoride, and is perhaps a factor of prime importants concerning its cariostatic effect.
Lumped Element Modeling of Piezoelectric-Driven Synthetic Jet Actuators (2003)

Abstract : This paper presents a lumped element model of a piezoelectric-driven synthetic jet actuator. A synthetic jet, also known as a zero net mass-flux device, uses a vibrating diaphragm to generate an oscillatory flow through a small orifice or slot. In lumped element modeling (LEM), the individual components of a synthetic jet are modeled as elements of an equivalent electrical circuit using conjugate power variables. The frequency response function of the circuit is derived to obtain an expression for Q(sub out)/V(sub AC), the volume flow rate per applied voltage. The circuit is analyzed to provide physical insight into the dependence of the device behavior on geometry and material properties. Methods to estimate the model parameters are discussed, and experimental verification is presented. In addition, the model is used to estimate the performance of two prototypical synthetic jets, and the results are compared with experiment.
Synthesis of fatty 2‐oxazolines from fatty methyl 2,3‐epoxy ester (1986)

Abstract Reaction of methyl trans ‐2,3‐epoxyhexadecanoate (I) with benzonitrile in presence of boron trifluoride‐etherate (BF 3 ‐etherate) as catalyst has yielded cis ‐2‐phenyl‐4‐tridecyl‐5‐carbomethoxy‐2‐oxazoline (II), methyl 2‐hydroxy‐3‐benzamidohexadecanoate (IV) and methyl 2,3‐dihydroxyhexadecanoate (III). On the other hand, reactions of I with acetonitrile and acrylonitrile have resulted in the formation of their corresponding hydroxyamides, methyl 2‐hydroxy‐3‐acetamidohexadecanoate (VI) and methyl 2‐hydroxy‐3‐acryloamido hexadecanoate (VII), respectively, along with the product (III) only. Pyrolysis of hydroxyamides (IV), (VI) and (VII) afforded their corresponding 2‐oxazolines, cis ‐2‐phenyl‐4‐tridecyl‐5‐carboxy‐2‐oxazoline (V), cis ‐2‐methyl‐4‐tridecyl‐5‐carboxy‐2‐oxazoline (VIII) and cis ‐2‐vinyl‐4‐tridecyl‐5‐carboxy‐2‐oxazoline (IX), respectively, in good yields. The products have been characterized with the help of spectral and microanalyses.
Combinatorial molecular optimization of cement hydrates (2014)

Despite its ubiquitous presence in the built environment, concrete's molecular-level properties are only recently being explored using experimental and simulation studies. Increasing societal concerns about concrete's environmental footprint have provided strong motivation to develop new concrete with greater specific stiffness or strength (for structures with less material). Herein, a combinatorial approach is described to optimize properties of cement hydrates. The method entails screening a computationally generated database of atomic structures of calcium-silicate-hydrate, the binding phase of concrete, against a set of three defect attributes: calcium-to-silicon ratio as compositional index and two correlation distances describing medium-range silicon-oxygen and calcium-oxygen environments. Although structural and mechanical properties correlate well with calcium-to-silicon ratio, the cross-correlation between all three defect attributes reveals an indentation modulus-to-hardness ratio extremum, analogous to identifying optimum network connectivity in glass rheology. We also comment on implications of the present findings for a novel route to optimize the nanoscale mechanical properties of cement hydrate.
Synthesis of a Novel Biodegradable Polyurethane with Phosphatidylcholines (2010)

A novel polyurethane was successfully synthesized by chain-extension of biodegradable poly (l-lactide) functionalized phosphatidylcholine (PC) with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as chain extender (PUR-PC). The molecular weights, glass transition temperature (Tg) increased significantly after the chain-extension. The hydrophilicity of PUR-PC was better than the one without PC, according to a water absorption test. Moreover, the number of adhesive platelets and anamorphic platelets on PUR-PC film were both less than those on PUR film. These preliminary results suggest that this novel polyurethane might be a better scaffold than traditional biodegradable polyurethanes for tissue engineering due to its better blood compatibility. Besides, this study also provides a new method to prepare PC-modified biodegradable polyurethanes.
Increased frequency of the transferrin C2 subtype in Alzheimerʼs disease (1993)

Several genetic variants of transferrin can be separated by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. Studies by other workers have revealed that the genetic type Tf C2 has an increased frequency in certain malfunctions which are associated with the formation of free radicals, suggesting that the iron binding of Tf C2 promotes the formation of hydroxyl radicals. In our study population of 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 13 had the C2 genetic subtype. Since the frequency of C2 in the South African population is 0.136 (14%), this represents a significant increase (p < 0.005) in the appearance of this genetic subtype.
Multiplied-Poisson Noise in Pulse, Particle, and (1982)

continuous stochastic processes. The homogeneous Poisson point process (HPP) is characterized by a single quantity, its rate, which is constant. One of its distinguishing features is that it evolves in time without aftereffects. This means that the occurrence times and number of events before an arbitrary time have no bearing on the subsequent occurrence times and number of events. It is said to have zero memory. Because of its simple properties, the HPP turns out to be a suitable building block for more complex point processes that appear to resemble the Poisson process little, if at all. We all recall, no doubt, a very important property of this process: pass an HPP through a lined filter and out comes shot noise. This result is probably just a shade younger than electrical engineering itself. There are many generalizations of the H€T. One case that has been studied extensively is the doubly stochastic Poisson point process (DSPP), which diffels from the HPP in that the rate is no longer constant. Rather, it takes on a stochastic nature of its own. This process was fit examined by Cox (and by Bartlett in the discussion to Cox’s paper) [41. Cox provided an example of its use in textile technology. The designation DSPP wa~ introduced to emphasize that two kinds of randomness occur: randomness associated with the Poisson point process itself and an independent randomness associated with its rate. The earliest connection of the DSPP with electrical engineering appears to be in the work of Darling and Siegert [SI and Siegert [61. The DSPP subsequently became the basis for understanding the photodetection of light, and many of the early papers in this area [7] -[ 151 drew heavily on results derived in connection with classical radio receiver communications and noise [ 161 -[ 181. At the same time, the DSPP arose in the context of the detection of acoustic noise in the auditory system [ 19 I . , A number of excellent secondary sources, detailing the history and properties of the DSPP, are available [3], [201-[271. In certain areas of study, multiplication effects in point processes play an important role; in most such cases, a given (primary) point process is multiplied in some fashion to give rise to a second (subsidiary) point process. Cathodoluminescence 128 I , [ 29 I , which is responsible for the television, oscilloscope, and radar images, provides a simple but impopt
Morphogenesis of human adenovirus type 2 studied with fiber- and fiber and penton base-defective temperature-sensitive mutants (1980)

The nature, polypeptide composition, and antigenic composition of the particles formed by six human adenovirus type 2 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were studied. ts115, ts116, and ts125 were phenotypically fiber-defective mutants, and ts103, ts104, and ts136 failed to synthesize detectable amounts of fiber plus penton base at 39.5 degrees C. The mutants belonged to five complementation groups, one group including ts116 and ts125. Except for ts103 and ts136, the other mutants were capable of producing particles at 39.5 degrees C. ts116 and ts125 accumulated light assembly intermediate particles (or top components) at nonpermissive temperatures, with few virus particles. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polypeptide pattern of ts116- or ts125-infected cells, intermediate particles, and virus particles showed that polypeptide IV (fiber) was smaller by a molecular weight of 2,000 than that in the wild-type virion and was glycosylated. In fiber plus penton base-defective ts104-infected cells, equivalent quantities of top components and viruses with a buoyant density (rho) of 1.345 g/ml (rho = 1.345 particles) were produced at 39.5 degrees C. These rho = 1.345 particles corresponded to young virions, as evidenced by the presence of uncleaved precursors to proteins VI, VIII, and VII. These young virions matured upon a shift down. Virus capsid vertex antigenic components underwent a phase of eclipse during their incorporation into mature virus particles. No antigenic penton base or IIa was detected in intermediate particles of all the ts mutants tested. Only hexon and traces of fiber antigens were found in ts104 young virions. Penton base and IIIa appeared as fully antigenically expressed capsid subunits in mature wild-type virions or ts104 virions after a shift down. The ts104 lesion is postulated to affect a regulatory function related in some way to penton base and fiber overproduction and the maturation processing of precursors PVI, PVII, and PVII.
Inspection of a novel penetration enhancer for transungual drug delivery system: Pelargonium hortorum (2015)

This study was to search some natural penetration enhancer and formulate them in a transungual drug delivery formulation. This natural penetration enhancer helps to overcome the main problem in front of success of transungual drug delivery system. We selected to formulate fluconazole as a model drug for the nail fungal infection treatment with extracted penetration enhancer (PE). Model drug i.e. fluconazole was formulated with the natural extracted penetration enhancer with different deigned formula. The solvent for PE extraction was methanol and that extracts were air dried. The cadaver human nail plates were used for penetration study, were collected from the same volunteer for negligence in the thickness and chemical composition concentration in the nail plate. The extracted PE (pelargonium hortorum) was selected for formulation on the basis of ethanopharmaceutical history. The human cadaver nail plates were treated with the formulation with and without the extracted PEs. Ex - vivo drug penetration was evaluated by Franz diffusion cells using cadaver human nail plate upto 36 hours. The drug filmability was found to be best with the polymer like HPMC K4M, Ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyle cellulose in the ratio of 1:1:1, mixture of propanol and butanol in 7:3 as solvent and 30% w/w DBP as plasticizer. The formula FT25AP4 shows total 35.67% drug penetraion i.e. near about two times of drug penetration across the nail plate when compare to the same formulation but without any penetration enhancer. The “p” value (0.0011) of drug penetration was less than 0.05.
Biomicroscopic Evaluation and Photography of Posterior Vitreous Detachment (1980)

This is a preliminary effort to demonstrate conditions of the posterior vitreous more objectively by slit-lamp photography. For this purpose, a + 58.6-diopter, aspherical, preset lens (El Bayadi-Kajiura lens [Nikon]) and a photoslit (Zeiss Jena) were used. The most fundamental aspect in our technique of observation and photography of the posterior vitreous is that of catching the appropriate moment during the vitreous movement that follows horizontal and/or vertical displacement of the patient's eye. Posterior vitreous photographs by this method in normal eyes, retinitis pigmentosa, Wagner's disease, and preretinal macular fibrosis associated with macular edema in phakic eyes are presented, and biomicroscopic characteristics in each of these diseases are discussed. Our observations clearly demonstrate a new technique for detailed examination and photography of the posterior vitreous.
同样的竞翔体系,同样的威望——亚瑟·布利考克斯和安德烈·凡布利安娜 (2004)

亚瑟·布利考克斯和安德烈·凡布利安娜都是世界赛鸽史上曾主宰着一个时代的伟大鸽友,当我们重翻这页历史,将不难发现,这两位不同时期的大师尽管在鸽事上是极不寻常的,然而他们采用的竟是相同的竞翔体系,我们是否能从中获得某些启迪?
The Polymerization of β-Propiolactone by Calcined Synthetic Hydrotalcite (1979)

Abstract The calcination of synthetic hydrotalcites of different compositions gave aluminium magnesium double oxides with strong basic sites and a high catalytic activity towards the polymerization of β-propiolactone. The strong basic sites were determined and compared with the apparent polymerization rates, suggesting that the strong basic sites are active sites towards the reaction.
Dynamic compensation of AC transmission lines by solid-state synchronous voltage sources (1994)

This paper describes a novel approach in which solid-state synchronous voltage sources are employed for the dynamic compensation and real time control of power flow in transmission systems. The synchronous voltage source is implemented by a multi-pulse inverter using gate turn-off (GTO) thyristors. It is capable of generating internally the reactive power necessary for network compensation, and is also able to interface with an appropriate energy storage device to negotiate real power exchange with the AC system. The paper develops a comprehensive treatment of power flow control using solid-state synchronous voltage sources for shunt compensation, series and phase angle control. It also describes the unique unified power flow controller that is able to control concurrently or selectively all three network parameters (voltage, impedance, transmission angle) determining power transmission. Comparison of the synchronous voltage source approach with the more conventional compensation method of employing thyristor-switched capacitors and reactors shows its superior performance (including the unmatched capability of using both reactive and real power compensation to counteract dynamic disturbances), uniform applicability, smaller physical size, and potentially lower overall cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Aging on Shape Discrimination (2001)

A large number of senior patients manifest eye diseases in addition to normal aging changes in their visual system. Visual tests not affected by age would be very useful in early detection of age-related eye diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aging on the detection of contour deformation. Seventy-six normal subjects were divided into three age groups: young adults 15 to 39 years old (N = 26); middle-aged adults 40 to 59 years old (N = 22); and senior adults 60 to 78 years old (N = 28). Stimuli were circular or linear D4 (4th derivative of Gaussian) contours. A spatial two-alternative forced-choice staircase paradigm was used. In each trial, one deformed and one undeformed contour were presented on a screen. Subjects indicated which contour was deformed. Deformation detection thresholds were estimated by a maximum likelihood fitting procedure. We found that at a low modulation frequency (four cycles), the performance of detecting deformation does not change with age, and it does not correlate with either visual acuity or letter contrast sensitivity. At a higher modulation frequency (eight cycles), a significant difference between mean thresholds was found for young and senior adults. For circular D4, the mean threshold was elevated by 18%, from 7.6 sec arc (young adults) to 9.0 sec arc (senior adults). For linear D4, the mean threshold was elevated by 52%, from 5.8 sec arc to 8.8 sec arc. As a comparison, minimum angle of resolution was increased by 33%, and letter contrast threshold was elevated by 81%. The performance for linear D4 at higher modulation frequency was found to be significantly correlated with contrast threshold. These results provide further evidence to support the hypothesis that different mechanisms may be underlying the detection of circular and linear D4 contour deformation. The very small effect of aging on hyperacuity for radial deformation suggests that a global shape discrimination task could be a sensitive test for quantifying the early visual loss caused by eye diseases among seniors.
Pathological exon skipping in an HNPCC proband with MLH1 splice acceptor site mutation (2000)

One of the most commonly mutated mismatch repair genes in human nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is MLH1. We identified a splice site mutation in MLH1 in a colorectal cancer proband (T-to-A at position −11 of intron 1 splice acceptor) and investigated its functional consequences by RT-PCR, using lymphocyte mRNA from the proband, two noncarrying siblings, and one unrelated individual. Subcloning of PCR products followed by sequencing of individual clones revealed increased transcript heterogeneity in the mutation carrier, attributable to the presence of a variety of mRNA forms lacking exon 2, or combinations of exons 2, 4, 6, 9, and 10. The full-length transcript subcloned from the mutation carrier was detected with a much reduced frequency, suggesting that only the wild-type allele produced functional MLH1 mRNA. The three noncarriers expressed some previously described transcripts and several novel variants, but none that lacked exon 2. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that this splice site mutation causes skipping of MLH1 exon 2 in a large proportion of mRNA transcripts derived from the mutated allele. Such an observation strengthens the case for identifying the mutation as pathogenic in this HNPCC family, which is of interest given the rarity of exon skipping defects resulting from splice acceptor site mutations outside the invariant AG dinucleotide. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.