gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable silicon thermo-optical ring resonator switch based on Vernier effect control (2012)

A proof-of-concept for a new and entirely CMOS compatible thermo-optic reconfigurable switch based on a coupled ring resonator structure is experimentally demonstrated in this paper. Preliminary results show that a single optical device is capable of combining several functionalities, such as tunable filtering, non-blocking switching and reconfigurability, in a single device with compact footprint (~50 μm x 30 μm).
Convolutive blind source separation for more than two sources in the frequency domain (2004)

Blind source separation (BSS) for convolutive mixtures can be efficiently achieved in the frequency domain, where independent component analysis is performed separately in each frequency bin. However, frequency-domain BSS involves a permutation problem, which is well known as a difficult problem, especially when the number of sources is large. This paper presents a method for solving the permutation problem, which works well even for many sources. The successful solution for the permutation problem highlights another problem with frequency-domain BSS that arises from the circularity of the discrete frequency representation. This paper discusses the phenomena of the problem and presents a method for solving it. With these two methods, we can separate many sources with a practical execution time. Moreover, real-time processing is currently possible for up to three sources with our implementation.
A transposon‐based activation‐tagging population in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (TAMARA) and its application in the identification of dominant developmental and metabolic mutations (2005)

A population of 9471 stable activation-tagged lines was generated by transposable element mediated activation tagging mutagenesis in Arabidopsis (TAMARA) using the maize En/Spm transposon system. Based on DNA gel blot and flanking sequence analysis, this population contains approximately 6000 independent transposon insertions. A greenhouse-based screen identified six dominant or semi-dominant activation tagged mutants with obvious developmental alterations, among these a new pistillata mutant allele. In addition, a subset of 1500 lines was screened by a HPLC based high-throughput method for dominant activation tagged mutants with enhanced contents of phenolic compounds. One dominant activation tagged mutant (hpc1-1D) was isolated showing accumulation of a particular compound due to the upregulation of an R2R3-MYB transcription factor.
Circular dichroism of some bis(halogenoacetato)bis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) complexes (1969)

Compounds of the general type cis-bis(halogenoacetato)bis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) are discussed for the cases where the halogenoacetate ion is monochloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trichloroacetate, or dibromoacetate. For the first time these complexes have been resolved into their optical isomers and a study has been made of the circular dichroism data obtained.The positions of circular dichroism and absorption bands have been interpreted by calculating relative values of the σ and π interactions for the halogenoacetate ligands.
Giant Pulse Laser Operation by a Passive, Reversibly Bleachable Absorber (1964)

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Self-splicing of a group IIC intron: 5′ exon recognition and alternative 5′ splicing events implicate the stem–loop motif of a transcriptional terminator (2006)

Bacterial IIC introns are a newly recognized subclass of group II introns whose ribozyme properties have not been characterized in detail. IIC introns are typically located downstream of transcriptional terminator motifs (inverted repeat followed by T's) or other inverted repeats in bacterial genomes. Here we have characterized the self-splicing activity of a IIC intron, B.h.I1, from Bacillus halodurans. B.h.I1 self-splices in vitro through hydrolysis to produce linear intron, but interestingly, additional unexpected products were formed that were highly dependent on ionic conditions. These products were determined to represent alternative splicing events at the 5' junction and cleavages throughout the RNA transcript. The alternative splicing and cleavage events occurred at cryptic splice sites containing stem-loop and IBS1 motifs, suggesting that the 5' exon is recognized by both elements. These results provide the first example of a group II intron that uses 5' splice sites nonadjacent to the ribozyme structure. Furthermore, the data suggest that IIC introns differ from IIA and IIB introns with respect to 5' exon definition, and that the terminator stem-loop substitutes in part for the missing IBS2-EBS2 (intron and exon binding sites 2) interaction.
Broadband photonic single sideband frequency up-converter based on the cross polarization modulation effect in a semiconductor optical amplifier for radio-over-fiber systems (2014)

A broadband photonic single sideband (SSB) frequency up-converter based on the cross polarization modulation (XPolM) effect in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. An optical radio frequency (RF) signal in the form of an optical single sideband (OSSB) is generated by the photonic SSB frequency up-converter to solve the power fading problem caused by fiber chromatic dispersion. The generated OSSB RF signal has almost identical optical carrier power and optical sideband power. This SSB frequency up-conversion scheme shows an almost flat electrical RF power response as a function of the RF frequency in a range from 31 GHz to 75 GHz after 40 km single mode fiber (SMF) transmission. The photonic SSB frequency up-conversion technique shows negligible phase noise degradation. The phase noise of the up-converted RF signal at 49 GHz for an offset of 10 kHz is -93.17 dBc/Hz. Linearity analysis shows that the photonic SSB frequency up-converter has a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) value of 79.51 dB · Hz(2/3).
MED16 and MED23 of Mediator are coactivators of lipopolysaccharide- and heat-shock-induced transcriptional activators (2004)

Transcriptional activators interact with diverse proteins and recruit transcriptional machinery to the activated promoter. Recruitment of the Mediator complex by transcriptional activators is usually the key step in transcriptional activation. However, it is unclear how Mediator recognizes different types of activator proteins. To systematically identify the subunits responsible for the signal- and activator-specific functions of Mediator in Drosophila melanogaster, each Mediator subunit was depleted by RNA interference, and its effect on transcriptional activation of endogenous as well as synthetic promoters was examined. The depletion of some Mediator gene products caused general transcriptional defects, whereas depletion of others caused defects specifically related to activation. In particular, MED16 and MED23 were required for lipopolysaccharide- and heat-shock-specific gene expression, respectively, and their activator-specific functions appeared to result from interaction with specific activators. The corequirement of MED16 for other forms of differentiation-inducing factor-induced transcription was confirmed by microarray analysis of differentiation-inducing factor (DIF)- and MED16-depleted cells individually. These results suggest that distinct Mediator subunits interact with specific activators to coordinate and transfer activator-specific signals to the transcriptional machinery.
Estimation of scattering coefficient in CW reflectance measurement for noninvasive triglyceride evaluation (2013)

For noninvasive measurement of the triglyceride in the blood, a technique was developed to estimate the scattering coefficient of a turbid medium from the backscattered intensity at two different points on the human body surface.
A quantitative system for assay of malignant transformation by chemical carcinogens using a clone derived from BALB/3T3 (1973)

Abstract A31–714, a subclone isolated from clone A31 of the BALB/3T3 line showed a high degree of contact inhibition and an extremely low incidence of spontaneous transformation. Treatment of this subclone with 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide, 3‐methylcholanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene or N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine produced foci of multilayered growth on the background of contact‐inhibited monolayer within 2 to 4 weeks. In this system the transformation frequency can be determined quantitatively on either an inoculated cell basis or a surviving cell basis. The transformation frequency increased with the concentration of carcinogens within a certain range, and was affected by the duration of treatment and the cell density at the time of treatment. Treatment with DMSO alone or with the non‐carcinogenic substances, 4‐nitroquinoline, 4‐aminoquinoline‐1‐oxide, phenanthrene and pyrene, did not cause any transformation. The cytotoxic effects of carcinogens were not directly correlated with the transformation frequencies. All transformed cell lines derived from each focus showed characteristics known as the indices of malignant transformation, such as a criss‐cross pattern or piling up of cells, a high saturation density and the ability to grow progressively in soft agar. When the transformed cells were injected into the skin of the back of newborn or adult mice at a dose of 10 6 cells, fibrosarcomas were produced at the site of injection after 3–6 weeks. Neither untreated A31–714 cells nor morphologically untransformed cells in cultures with foci produced tumors on injection at a dose of 10 7 cells. In general, transformed cells had a reduced cloning efficiency, and almost the same susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of carcinogens as untransformed cells, though these properties varied in different lines.
Voltage-peak synchronous closing control for shunt capacitors (1998)

The paper presents a new synchronous closing control, the voltage-peak closing method, to reduce shunt capacitor inrush currents and overvoltages. Switch timing and precharged voltages for energising a single capacitor bank, a back-to-back capacitor bank and a three-phase capacitor bank are presented. The effects of switch-closing speed and timing deviation are discussed. Two examples are illustrated to show the excellent performance.
Recombinant Factor IX Recovery and Inhibitor Safety: A Canadian Post-licensure Surveillance Study (2002)

As part of the Canadian post-licensure surveillance on the safety of recombinant factor IX (rFIX. BeneFIX), factor IX recovery and inhibitor development were studied. The recovery following rFIX infusion in 126 patients (mean = 0.77, median 0.72, range 0.36-1.85, 95% CI of mean 0.74-0.81, expressed as FIX activity increase in U/dL per IU FIX concentrate/kg body weight infused) was significantly lower than that following the last plasma-derived factor IX (pdFIX) infusion in 74 patients (mean 1.05, median 1.00, range 0.37-2.29, 95% CI of mean 0.99-0.97). The recovery for rFIX for patients aged < or =15 years (n = 41, mean recovery 0.64) and that for patients aged >15 years (n = 85, mean 0.84) was each significantly lower than that for pdFIX (aged < or =15 years: n = 21, mean recovery 0.91; aged >15 years: n = 53, mean recovery 1.10). For both rFIX and pdFIX concentrates, the recovery was lower in patients < or =15 years of age compared to those > 15 years of age. Similar data and conclusions were obtained on 66 patients with paired recovery data from rFIX and pdFIX. Overall, our data are similar to those obtained in formal clinical trials. Two of 244 patients treated with rFIX for up to 5 years have developed de novo inhibitors associated with anaphylaxis, an incidence that is similar to that reported for pdFIX. No other serious adverse events, including thrombotic episodes, were reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first formal report of recovery and inhibitor formation on rFIX in a peer-reviewed manuscript form.
Induction of basic helix-loop-helix protein-containing complexes during erythroid differentiation. (1998)

The involvement of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors in erythroid differentiation and development has been established by forced expression of the proteins TAL1 and Id1 in cultured cell lines and by targeted disruption of the mouse TAL1 gene. To better understand the mechanism by which bHLH proteins regulate erythropoiesis, we have investigated HLH protein-DNA interactions in mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells before and during chemically induced differentiation. Three bHLH (E-box) binding activities were found to be induced in nuclei from differentiating MEL cells. Using specific antisera, we have demonstrated that these complexes are dimers of TAL1 and ubiquitous E proteins. Similar complexes were detected in nuclear extracts from a human erythroid cell line, K562, and from mouse fetal liver. All three bHLH complexes were disrupted in vitro by Id1, a dominant-negative HLH protein that we and others have previously shown to antagonize MEL cell differentiation. During differentiation of an Id1-overexpressing MEL cell line, induction of a complex containing TAL1 and E2A was not only blocked but reduced below the levels seen in undifferentiating cells. These observations are consistent with the idea that TAL1 and Id1 have opposing effects on erythroid differentiation and that the level of TAL1/E2A heterodimer and/or another E protein-containing complex may influence the decision of a cell to terminally differentiate.
Human PC‐3 prostate cell line DNA synthesis is suppressed by eicosatetraynoic acid, an in vitro inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism (1988)

When human PC-3 cells derived from a metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma were incubated for 15 min to 4 h with the in vitro inhibitor of eicosanoid biosynthesis, eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) at 10-80 microM, DNA synthesis was suppressed. No reduction in cellular viability occurred, as judged by exclusion of trypan blue or unaltered release of 51Cr-labeled proteins, and the inhibition was partially reversible. Indomethacin (to 12.5 micrograms/ml) did not inhibit DNA synthesis or alter the suppression of DNA synthesis by ETYA, suggesting a role for a lipoxygenase product in this effect. Addition of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) at 10(-8) M did not reverse the inhibition of DNA synthesis produced by ETYA, nor did arachidonic acid (10(-5) - 10(-9) M) incubated with control cells mimic the effect of that agent. 3H-arachidonic acid incubated with PC-3 cells was rapidly incorporated into phospholipids and this labeling was differentially inhibited by ETYA. Positive modulation of PC-3 cellular DNA synthesis by lipoxygenase products and inhibition of their synthesis by ETYA is one attractive hypothesis with which to account for these results. Other consequences of producing a selective deficiency of arachidonic acid in cellular membrane phospholipids and even the probable substitution of ETYA for arachidonic acid could also contribute to the inhibition of DNA synthesis by ETYA.
Modeling and Design Space Exploration for Bit-Cells Based on Voltage-Assisted Switching of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2016)

The effect of voltage on the anisotropy of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is of substantial interest for low-power nonvolatile memory applications. In this paper, we develop a device-to-bit-cell level simulation framework for voltage-assisted switching of the MTJs, which can satisfactorily reproduce the published experimental data. Our simulation framework is based on a coupled Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski equation and nonequilibrium greens function formalism. Using this simulation framework, we investigate the effect of scaling the oxide thickness of an MTJ to enhance the electric field effect. Although it seems attractive for an isolated device, yet, in a bit-cell configuration, reducing the oxide thickness leads to an increase in the supply voltage. In addition, we demonstrate that the unipolar characteristic of the voltage-assisted switching leads to write failures depending on the initial state stored in the MTJ. We, therefore, suggest a read before write scheme exhibiting approximately 2× improvement in the write energy consumption at a bit-cell level compared with a standard STT-MRAM for iso-oxide thickness. However, the latency overhead associated with voltage-assisted MTJs results in a 1.55× degradation of the write speed. Moreover, our layout analysis indicates that the bit-cell area reduction is constrained by the metal pitch, in spite of smaller access transistors.
TERCER ANO DEL SEMINARIO DE PROBLEMAS CIENTIFICOS Y FILOSOFICOS (1957)

EL 18 DE MARZO, DURANTE UNA SESION PRELIMINAR, SE LLEVO A CABO, EL SEMINARIO DE PROBLEMAS CIENTIFICOS Y FILOSOFICOS, QUE FUNCIONA BAJO LA DIRECCION DE LOS DOCTORES SAMUEL RAMOS, GUILLERMO HARO Y ELI DE GORTARI, INICIO LOS TRABAJOS CORRESPONDIENTES A SU TERCER ANO DE FECUNDA VIDA. EN LA GACETA DE LA UNIVESIDAD SE PRESENTA EL INFORME DE ACTIVIDADES, PRESENTADO POR EL DOCTOR DE GORTARI DURANTE LA SESION.
Identification of soft-error sensitive junction in SRAM's using a single ion microprobe (1994)

Soft-error sensitive junctions have been identified in a memory cell of a 63 kbit SRAM. The technique for hitting a micron-size area with a single ion enables us to get a soft-error map in a memory cell. A dependence of the maps on the supply voltage to the memory has been investigated. The errors due to the upset of an n-MOSFET have been observed at higher supply voltage than for a p-MOSFET. This result suggests that the n-MOSFET's are more error-sensitive than the p-MOSFET's for the reason that the n-MOSFET's have a higher efficiency of charge collection and a larger "on" current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-Power Miniaturized Helium Dielectric Barrier Discharge Photoionization Detectors for Highly Sensitive Vapor Detection (2016)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a microhelium dielectric barrier discharge photoionization detector (μHDBD-PID) on chip with dimensions of only ∼15 mm × ∼10 mm × ∼0.7 mm and weight of only ∼0.25 g. It offers low power consumption (<400 mW), low helium consumption (5.8 mL/min), rapid response (up to ∼60 ms at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min), quick warm-up time (∼5 min), an excellent detection limit (a few picograms), a large linear dynamic range (>4 orders of magnitude), and maintenance-free operation. Furthermore, the μHDBD-PID can be driven with a miniaturized (∼5 cm × ∼2.5 cm × ∼2.5 cm), light (22 g), and low cost (∼$2) power supply with only 1.5 VDC input. The dependence of the μHDBD-PID performance on bias voltage, auxiliary helium flow rate, carrier gas flow rate, and temperature was also systematically investigated. Finally, the μHDBD-PID was employed to detect permanent gases and a sublist of the EPA 8260 standard reagents that include 51 analytes. The μHDBD-PID developed here can have a broad range of applications in portable and microgas chromatography systems for in situ, real-time, and sensitive gas analysis.
In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Mutant Selection Window Hypothesis Using Four Fluoroquinolones against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2003)

To study the hypothesis of the mutant selection window (MSW) in a pharmacodynamic context, the susceptibility of a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exposed to moxifloxacin (MOX), gatifloxacin (GAT), levofloxacin (LEV), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was tested daily by using an in vitro dynamic model that simulates human pharmacokinetics. A series of monoexponential pharmacokinetic profiles that mimic once-daily administration of MOX (half-life, 12 h), GAT (half-life, 7 h), and LEV (half-life, 6.8 h) and twice-daily administration of CIP (half-life, 4 h) provided peak concentrations (C(max)) that either equaled the MIC, fell between the MIC and the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) (i.e., within or "inside" the MSW), or exceeded the MPC. The respective ratios of the area under the curve (AUC) over a 24-h dosing interval (AUC(24)) to the MIC varied from 13 to 244 h, and the starting inoculum was 10(8) CFU/ml (6 x 10(9) CFU per 60-ml central compartment). With all four quinolones, the greatest increases in MIC were observed at those AUC(24)/MIC values (from 24 to 62 h) that corresponded to quinolone concentrations within the MSW over most of the dosing interval (>20%). Less-pronounced increases in MIC were associated with the smallest simulated AUC(24)/MIC values (15 to 16 h) of GAT and CIP, whose C(max) exceeded the MICs. No such increases were observed with the smallest AUC(24)/MIC values (13 to 17 h) of MOX and LEV, whose C(max) were close to the MICs. Also, less pronounced but significant increases in MIC occurred at AUC(24)/MIC values (107 to 123 h) that correspond to quinolone concentrations partly overlapping the MIC-to-MPC range. With all four drugs, no change in MIC was seen at the highest AUC(24)/MIC values (201 to 244 h), where quinolone concentrations exceeded the MPC over most of the dosing interval. These "protective" AUC(24)/MIC ratios correspond to 66% of the usual clinical dose of MOX (400 mg), 190% of a 400-mg dose of GAT, 220% of a 500-mg dose of LEV, and 420% of two 500-mg doses of CIP. Thus, MOX may protect against resistance development at subtherapeutic doses, whereas GAT, LEV, and CIP provide similar effects only at doses that exceed their usual clinical doses. These data support the concept that resistant mutants are selectively enriched when antibiotic concentrations fall inside the MSW and suggest that in vitro dynamic models can be used to predict the relative abilities of quinolones to prevent mutant selection.
Effect of dietary fiber on the induction of colorectal tumors and fecal beta-glucuronidase activity in the rat. (1979)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether three different types of dietary fiber, wheat bran, carrot fiber, and citrus pectin, influenced the induction of colorectal tumors produced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. In all groups, the tumor yield was high (87 to 97%). In the wheat bran and carrot fiber groups, the incidence of colorectal tumors was not significantly different from that of the group fed on the fiber-free basic diet. The citrus pectin group, however, had a significantly higher incidence of colorectal tumors (p less than 0.001). An increased number of auditory duct tumors was also noted in this group. In a separate experiment, dietary pectin induced a 10-fold increase in fecal beta-glucuronidase activity but did not alter this activity in the bowel wall. It has been suggested that dietary fiber protects against the induction of colorectal tumors, but this was not the case in the experiment. It is possible that the high tumor yield made the demonstration of a weak protective effect of wheat bran impossible. The reason for the increased occurrence of tumors in the citrus pectin group is obscure and will be subjected to further investigation. Fecal beta-glucuronidase activity might be one factor of importance in the activation of the carcinogen.
1/f noise in carbon nanotubes (2000)

The electrical noise characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotubes have been investigated. For all three cases of individual isolated nanotubes, thin films of interconnected nanotubes, and bulk nanotube mats, anomalously large bias-dependent 1/f noise is found. The noise magnitude greatly exceeds that commonly observed in metal films, carbon resistors, or even carbon fibers with comparable resistances. A single empirical expression describes the noise for all nanotube samples, suggesting a common noise-generating mechanism proportional only to the number of nanotubes in the conductor. We consider likely sources of the fluctuations, and consequences for electronic applications of nanotubes if the excessive noise cannot be suppressed.