gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Complexity of View Update Analysis and Its Application to Annotation Propagation (2011)

This paper investigates three problems identified in [1] for annotation propagation, namely, the view side-effect, source side-effect, and annotation placement problems. Given annotations entered for a tuple or an attribute in a view, these problems ask what tuples or attributes in the source have to be annotated to produce the view annotations. As observed in [1], these problems are fundamental not only for data provenance but also for the management of view updates. For an annotation attached to a single existing tuple in a view, it has been shown that these problems are often intractable even for views defined in terms of simple SPJU queries [1]. We revisit these problems by considering several dichotomies: (1) views defined in various subclasses of SPJU, versus SPJU views under a practical key preserving condition; (2) annotations attached to existing tuples in a view versus annotations on tuples to be inserted into the view; and (3) a single-tuple annotation versus a group of annotations. We provide a complete picture of intractability and tractability for the three problems in all these settings. We show that key preserving views often simplify the propagation analysis. Indeed, some problems become tractable for certain key preserving views, as opposed to the intractability of their counterparts that are not key preserving. However, group annotations often make the analysis harder. In addition, the problems have quite diverse complexity when annotations are attached to existing tuples in a view and when they are entered for tuples to be inserted into the view.
Phase and amplitude patterns in DySEM mappings of vibrating microstructures (2013)

We use a dynamic scanning electron microscope (DySEM) to analyze the movement of oscillating micromechanical structures. A dynamic secondary electron (SE) signal is recorded and correlated to the oscillatory excitation of scanning force microscope (SFM) cantilever by means of lock-in amplifiers. We show, how the relative phase of the oscillations modulate the resulting real part and phase pictures of the DySEM mapping. This can be used to obtain information about the underlying oscillatory dynamics. We apply the theory to the case of a cantilever in oscillation, driven at different flexural and torsional resonance modes. This is an extension of a recent work (Schröter et al 2012 Nanotechnology 23 435501), where we reported on a general methodology to distinguish nonlinear features caused by the imaging process from those caused by cantilever motion.
Advantages of mRNA Amplification for Microarray Analysis (2002)

Expanding applications of cDNA microarrays such as fine needle aspiration biopsy and laser capture microdissection necessitate the ability to perform arrays with minute starting amounts of RNA. While methods for amplifying RNA have been advocated, the fidelity of array results using amplified material has not been fully validated. Here we demonstrate preserved fidelity in arrays using one or two rounds of mRNA amplification, validated by downstream real-time quantitative PCR. In addition, the quality of the array data was superior to that obtained using total RNA. Based on these results, we recommend routine mRNA amplification for all cDNA microarray-based analysis of gene expression.
Boosting the thermoelectric performance of PbSe through dynamic doping and hierarchical phonon scattering (2018)

Cu intercalation is demonstrated to enhance the thermoelectric performance of PbSe through the dynamic doping effect and hierarchical phonon scattering.
[Characteristics of immunobiological resistance of children with diabetes mellitus]. (1992)

Immunoglobulins and nonspecific defence factors (complement, properdin, lysozyme) were studied over time in 194 children suffering from diabetes mellitus. In 145 children, diabetes mellitus was associated with chronic tonsillitis. Resistance in 49 children was examined depending on the phase of diabetes mellitus. The data obtained indicate that diabetes mellitus is marked by imbalance of nonspecific defence factors and humoral immunity. These changes are obviously related to the disease gravity, phasic nature of the process, diabetes mellitus standing, and the presence of concomitant diseases. No parallelism was established between the level of nonspecific defence factors and specific immunity activity.
Currency arbitrage detection using a binary integer programming model (2007)

We introduce a binary integer programming model to detect arbitrage opportunities in currency exchanges. A network simplex method has been introduced to solve the model efficiently. Moreover, through sensitivity analysis, the solution to our model can be updated quickly to detect new arbitrage opportunities when the exchange rates change in real-time.
Sequentially bridged graphene sheets with high strength, toughness, and electrical conductivity (2018)

We here show that infiltrated bridging agents can convert inexpensively fabricated graphene platelet sheets into high-performance materials, thereby avoiding the need for a polymer matrix. Two types of bridging agents were investigated for interconnecting graphene sheets, which attach to sheets by either π-π bonding or covalent bonding. When applied alone, the π-π bonding agent is most effective. However, successive application of the optimized ratio of π-π bonding and covalent bonding agents provides graphene sheets with the highest strength, toughness, fatigue resistance, electrical conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, and resistance to ultrasonic dissolution. Raman spectroscopy measurements of stress transfer to graphene platelets allow us to decipher the mechanisms of property improvement. In addition, the degree of orientation of graphene platelets increases with increasing effectiveness of the bonding agents, and the interlayer spacing increases. Compared with other materials that are strong in all directions within a sheet, the realized tensile strength (945 MPa) of the resin-free graphene platelet sheets was higher than for carbon nanotube or graphene platelet composites, and comparable to that of commercially available carbon fiber composites. The toughness of these composites, containing the combination of π-π bonding and covalent bonding, was much higher than for these other materials having high strengths for all in-plane directions, thereby opening the path to materials design of layered nanocomposites using multiple types of quantitatively engineered chemical bonds between nanoscale building blocks.
Design and Simulation of a Reverse Iontophoretic Glucose Monitoring Device (1998)

Mathematical modeling is presented for a combined iontophoretic device and biosensor used to analyze glucose concentration in transdermally extracted fluid that is correlated to blood glucose. This device works as follows: an electric current (iontophoresis) is used to extract glucose across the skin into a hydrogel. Within the hydrogel, the extracted glucose undergoes a reaction with the enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOx), to produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of oxygen. The hydrogen peroxide then further diffuses to and reacts on a platinum electrode to produce two electrons, water, and oxygen. The measured electrical current is proportional to the flux of glucose entering the hydrogel. Modeling for this device involves the diffusion of (α‐ and β‐) glucose and hydrogen peroxide in the hydrogel, as well as the reaction of β‐glucose with GOx, the mutarotation of the α‐, β‐anomeric pair, and the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide on a platinum catalyst/electrode. The reaction‐diffusion problem exhibits both axial and radial diffusion as well as discontinuous boundary conditions, requiring the use of finite element methods to perform the simulations.
Design and Implementation of Comprehensive Gas Chromatography with Cryogenic Modulation (2000)

Comprehensive gas chromatography is the realization of true continuous multidimensional (dual column) gas chromatography. The key requirement in the comprehensive GC experiment is that the second dimension analysis is completed in a rapid time-frame compared to the elution of components in the first dimension, and that the two coupled dimensions represent ‘orthogonal’ analyses towards the analytes to be separated. The former normally necessitates pulsing of contiguous segments of each chromatographic band from the first to the second dimensions. The two dimensions should be in fluid communication. The comprehensive GC×GC experiment passes all the column flow from the first column to the second column, leading to no sample loss, but this also requires a suitable method for time- or zone-compression of the band to be pulsed to the second column. The final pulse should be narrow, and should be delivered to the second column quickly. A simple procedure can achieve this using the cryogenic modulator that has been recently described by this group. The system uses a cryogenic trap which can be moved away from the cooled zone of the column faster than 10 ms. A fast-acting pneumatic ram achieves this performance. The cooled column heats up to the prevailing oven temperature within 10–15 ms. Molecules as volatile as C5 alkanes or small aromatics will be fully retained by the trap within the period of modulation used for GC×GC. The technique is simple to implement and requires no special column connections. Using a gas chromatograph which allows control of external events and can acquire from a detector at 50 Hz or faster, and a timing controller for modulation, the comprehensive result can easily and effectively be achieved.
Alkaliphilus transvaalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a deep South African gold mine. (2001)

A novel extreme alkaliphile was isolated from a mine water containment dam at 3.2 km below land surface in an ultra-deep gold mine near Carletonville, South Africa. The cells of this bacterium were straight to slightly curved rods, motile by flagella and formed endospores. Growth was observed over the temperature range 20-50 degrees C (optimum 40 degrees C; 45 min doubling time) and pH range 8.5-12.5 (optimum pH 10.0). The novel isolate, one of the most alkaliphilic micro-organisms yet described, was a strictly anaerobic chemo-organotroph capable of utilizing proteinaceous substrates such as yeast extract, peptone, tryptone and casein. Elemental sulfur, thiosulfate or fumarate, when included as accessory electron acceptors, improved growth. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 36.4 mol %. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA sequence indicated that the isolate is a member of cluster XI within the low G+C gram-positive bacteria, but only distantly related to previously described members. On the basis of physiological and molecular properties, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Alkaliphilus transvaalensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (type strain SAGM1T = JCM 10712T = ATCC 700919T). The mechanism of generation of the highly alkaline microbial habitat and the possible source of the alkaliphile are discussed.
Galvormende bladwespen op wilg in Nederland (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Nematinae) (2013)

De bladwespgenera Phyllocolpa, Tubpontania, Pontania en Euura hebben gemeenschappelijk dat ze gallen vormen op wilg. Recentelijk is er veel vernieuwend taxonomisch werk verricht aan deze groepen. In dit artikel wordt de Nederlandse situatie samengevat. Uit oudere literatuur waren 18 soorten bekend en in het recent gepubliceerde gallenboek worden nog eens 11 soorten voor het eerst voor ons land vermeld. In dit artikel worden nog acht soorten aan de lijst toegevoegd en twee soorten worden van de lijst afgevoerd. In totaal zijn nu 35 soorten galvormende bladwespen van wilg uit Nederland bekend.
Reaction of N-Aminopyridinium Derivatives. II. The Reactions of 1-(N-Acylalkylamino) pyridinium Salt Derivatives with Cyanide Ion. : A New Synthesis of Primary Amines. (1963)

1-(N-Monosubstituted amido) pyridinium compounds derived from novel quaternary salts of pyridine, N-aminopyridinium compounds, were quite reactive to nucleophilic agents at 2- and 4-positions of their pyridine rings, especially at 4-position. The 1-(N-monosubstituted amido) pyridinium salts were reacted with cyanide ion to give N-monosubstituted amides and cyanopyridines, (predominantly 4-cyanopyridine), both in good yields. The reaction may involve dihydro-type intermediates and one intermediate 1-(N-methylacetamino)-4-cyano-1, 4-dihydropyridine could be obtained stably. By utilizing this reaction, it would be possible to introduce a cyano group at 4-position of various pyridine derivatives and to obtain various primary amines.
Steroids. CXII.<sup>1</sup> Cycloethylene Ketal Formation of 19-Nor-Δ<sup>4</sup>-3-keto Steroids (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroids. CXII.1 Cycloethylene Ketal Formation of 19-Nor-Δ4-3-keto SteroidsJohn A. Zderic, Dinorah Chavez Limon, H. J. Ringold, and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 12, 3120–3124Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01521a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01521a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
House cleaning with chlorine bleach and the risks of allergic and respiratory diseases in children (2006)

Chlorine bleach or sodium hypochlorite can inactivate common indoor allergens. In this cross-sectional study we evaluated to what extent regular house cleaning with bleach can influence the risks of respiratory and allergic diseases in children. We studied a group of 234 schoolchildren aged 10-13 yr among whom 78 children were living in a house cleaned with bleach at least once per week. Children examination included a questionnaire, an exercise-induced bronchoconstriction test and the measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and of serum total and aeroallergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E, Clara cell protein (CC16) and surfactant-associated protein D (SP-D). Children living in a house regularly cleaned with bleach were less likely to have asthma (OR, 0.10; CI, 0.02-0.51), eczema (OR, 0.22; CI, 0.06-0.79) and of being sensitized to indoor aeroallergens (OR, 0.53; CI, 0.27-1.02), especially house dust mite (OR, 0.43; CI, 0.19-0.99). These protective effects were independent of gender, ethnicity, previous respiratory infections, total serum IgE level and of family history of allergic diseases. They were however abolished by parental smoking, which also interacted with the use of bleach to increase the risk of recurrent bronchitis (OR, 2.03; CI, 1.12-3.66). House cleaning with bleach had effect neither on the sensitization to pollen allergens, nor on the levels of exhaled NO and of serum CC16 and SP-D. House cleaning with chlorine bleach appears to protect children from the risks of asthma and of sensitization to indoor allergens while increasing the risk of recurrent bronchitis through apparently an interaction with parental smoking. As chlorine bleach is one of the most effective cleaning agent to be found, these observations argue against the idea conveyed by the hygiene hypothesis that cleanliness per se increases the risk of asthma and allergy.
Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in a Murine Model of Coronary Arteritis Mimicking Kawasaki Disease (2009)

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired cardiac disease and acute vasculitis in children in the developed world. Injection of a cell wall extract isolated from Lactobacillus casei (LCCWE) into mice causes a focal coronary arteritis that histopathologically mimics the coronary lesions observed in KD patients. In this study we used this model to investigate the participation of T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DC) in the development of coronary arteritis. RAG1(-/-), B cell(null), and wild-type (WT) mice were injected with a single dose of LCCWE (500 microg/mouse i.p.). None of the RAG1(-/-) mice developed coronary arteritis, whereas 70% of WT and 100% of B cell(null) mice developed coronary lesions, indicating that T cells were required for lesion formation. When splenocytes isolated from LCCWE-treated mice were restimulated with LCCWE, we observed significant IFN-gamma secretion in WT but not in RAG1(-/-) mice. Immunohistochemical staining showed F4/80(+) macrophages, activated MIDC-8(+) myeloid DCs (mDC), plasmacytoid DCs, and colocalization of CD3(+) T cells with mDCs in coronary artery lesions, suggesting an Ag-driven process. T cells but not B cells are required for LCCWE-induced coronary arteritis. Similar to human lesions, the coronary lesions contain macrophages, activated mDCs, and plaslmacytoid DCs all in close proximity to T cells, further strengthening the relevance of this mouse model to the immunopathology of coronary disease in KD. These studies are consistent with the interpretation that macrophages and DCs may collaborate with T cells in the pathological mechanisms of coronary arteritis.
The Characteristics of PD-L1 Inhibitors, from Peptides to Small Molecules (2019)

The programmed cell death ligand protein 1 (PD-L1) is a member of the B7 protein family and consists of 290 amino acid residues. The blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway is effective in tumor treatment. Results: Two pharmacophore models were generated based on peptides and small molecules. Hypo 1A consists of one hydrogen bond donor, one hydrogen bond acceptor, two hydrophobic points and one aromatic ring point. Hypo 1B consists of one hydrogen bond donor, three hydrophobic points and one positive ionizable point. Conclusions: The pharmacophore model consisting of a hydrogen bond donor, hydrophobic points and a positive ionizable point may be helpful for designing small-molecule inhibitors targeting PD-L1.
Interaction Between Heavy Vehicles and Roads (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses road damage caused by heavy commercial vehicles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Chapter 1 presents some important terminology and a brief historical review of road construction and vehicle-road interaction, from ancient times to the present day.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The main types of vehicle-generated road damage, and the methods that are used by pavement engineers to analyze them are discussed in Chapter 2. Attention is also given to the main features of the response of road surfaces to vehicle loads and mathematical models that have been developed to predict road response.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Chapter 3 reviews the effects on road damage of vehicle features which can be studied without consideration of vehicle dynamics. These include gross vehicle weight, axle and tire configurations, tire contact conditions and static load sharing in axle group suspensions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The dynamic tire forces generated by heavy vehicles are examined in Chapter 4. The discussion includes their simulation and measurement, their principal characteristics, the effects of tires and suspension design on dynamic forces, and the potential benefits of using advanced suspensions for minimizing dynamic tire forces.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Chapter 5 discusses methods for estimating the effects of dynamic tire forces on road damage. The two main approaches are either to examine the statistics of the forces themselves; or to calculate the response of a pavement model to the forces, and to calculate the resulting wear using a material damage model.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The issues involved in assessing vehicles for ‘road friendliness’ are discussed in Chapter 6. Possible assessment methods include measuring strains in an instrumented pavement traversed by the vehicle, measuring dynamic tire forces, or measuring vehicle parameters such as the ‘natural frequency’ and ̟damping ratio’. Each of these measurements involves different assumptions and analysis methods for converting the results into some measure of road damage.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Chapter 7 includes a summary of the main conclusions of the paper and recommendations for tire and suspension design, road design and construction, and for vehicle regulations.</div>
Synthesis of Triphenylamine Trisazo Dye and Study of its Uses in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (2005)

Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} A new triazo dye was synthesized from tri(p-aminophenyl)amine and 2 hydroxy-3-napthoic acid and explored the possibilities of its uses in dye sensitized solar cells for the first time. The photocells were able to generate reasonably high photocurrent in the presence of the electron donating ionic liquids in the electrolyte composed of redox couple I3-/I-. Cells fabricated by sensitizing TiO2 generated a short-circuit photocurrent of ~ 3.5 mA cm-2, an open-circuit photovoltage of ~ 500 mV with a total power conversion efficiency of ~ 1 % under simulated full sunlight of 100 mW cm-2 (Air Mass 1.5). doi:10.4038/sljp.v6i0.200 Sri Lankan Journal of Physics, Vol. 6 (2005) 43-50
Air pollution measurements from satellites (1973)

A study is presented on the remote sensing of gaseous and particulate air pollutants which is an extension of a previous report. Pollutants can be observed by either active or passive remote sensing systems. Calculations discussed herein indicate that tropospheric CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, NH3, HCHO, and CH4 can be measured by means of nadir looking passive systems. Additional species such as NO, HNO3, O3, and H2O may be measured in the stratosphere through a horizon experiment. A brief theoretical overview of resonance Raman scattering and resonance fluorescence is given. It is found that radiance measurements are most promising for general global applications, and that stratospheric aerosols may be measured using a sun occultation technique. The instrumentation requirements for both active and passive systems are examined and various instruments now under development are described.
Towards quorum-quenching catalytic antibodies (2008)

The development of a novel method to attenuate bacterial virulence is reported, which is based upon the use of designed transition-state analogues to select human catalytic antibodies capable of degrading bacterial quorum-sensing molecules.