gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Detailed Scheduling To Obtain Realistic Operating Policies for a Batch Processing Facility (1997)

With many industries changing to a just-in-time manufacturing environment, the ability to reliably meet due dates and/or determine delivery/promise dates is gaining importance. In order to achieve this, the ability to determine operating policies based on realistic production plans is paramount. For these policies to be reasonable, the uncertain nature of the process must be addressed. These uncertainties include, but are not limited to, processing time fluctuations, equipment reliability/availability, process yields, demands, and manpower changes. In this paper we present a framework for addressing uncertainty by means of Monte Carlo sampling. This framework is not limited to a specific model, but results obtained show that the need of including sufficient detail is best satisfied by a scheduling model. A number of stopping criteria are derived, and the framework is utilized to obtain operating policies for two industrially-based examples.
FOXO factors and breast cancer: outfoxing endocrine resistance (2015)

The majority of metastatic breast cancers cannot be cured and present a major public health problem worldwide. Approximately 70% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor, and endocrine-based therapies have significantly improved patient outcomes. However, the development of endocrine resistance is extremely common. Understanding the molecular pathways that regulate the hormone sensitivity of breast cancer cells is important to improving the efficacy of endocrine therapy. It is becoming clearer that the PI3K-AKT-forkhead box O (FOXO) signaling axis is a key player in the hormone-independent growth of many breast cancers. Constitutive PI3K-AKT pathway activation, a driver of breast cancer growth, causes down-regulation of FOXO tumor suppressor functions. This review will summarize what is currently known about the role of FOXOs in endocrine-resistance mechanisms. It will also suggest potential therapeutic strategies for the restoration of normal FOXO transcriptional activity.
3 kV 600 A 4H-SiC high temperature diode module (2003)

A 3 kV 600 A 4H-SiC high temperature diode module has been developed for use in electricity supply applications, which utilizes a pressure contact flat package type module and includes five 6 mm/spl times/6 mm SiC diode chips. The diode module does not get oxidized in the air even at 500/spl deg/C and has excellent electrical performances at high temperature.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Clostridium difficile Colonization at Admission to an Infectious Diseases Ward (1997)

A study of 240 consecutive admissions to a single hospital ward over a 6-month period was conducted to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for Clostridium difficile colonization at admission. The prevalence rate of C. difficile colonization at admission was 13.3%. Seventy-four percent of the patients admitted to the ward were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Multivariate analysis identified three risk factors for C. difficile colonization: clindamycin use (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 9.4; P < .001), penicillin use (adjusted OR, 3.9; P = .018), and a history of cytomegalovirus infection (adjusted OR, 4.2; P = .02). C. difficile colonization at admission to our infectious diseases ward was common. Antibiotic treatments received before admission were the main risk factors for C. difficile colonization. HIV infection per se was not associated with C. difficile colonization. It is interesting that there was an association between C. difficile colonization and a history of cytomegalovirus infection.
Reactions of a Vesicular Functionalized Surfactant with Alkyl 2-Chloroethyl Sulfides (Mustard Simulants) (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTReactions of a Vesicular Functionalized Surfactant with Alkyl 2-Chloroethyl Sulfides (Mustard Simulants)David A. Jaeger and Alexander K. ZeleninView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071 Cite this: Langmuir 2000, 16, 24, 9677–9679Publication Date (Web):October 13, 2000Publication History Received26 May 2000Revised9 August 2000Published online13 October 2000Published inissue 1 November 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/la0007269Copyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (45 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cell signaling,Functionalization,Mixtures,Surfactants,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
Target localization and tracking from Doppler-shift measurements (1990)

It is possible to localize a nonmaneuvering moving source radiating a constant frequency tone from measurements of the Doppler-shifted frequency at several sensors. Due to the nonlinear nature of the problem, it is necessary to find the solution by grid searches. However, if measurements of the rates of frequency changes are available, the search is only in three dimensions instead of the normal five in source frequency, its x-y positions, and speeds. The validity of combining frequency and frequency-rate measurements is confirmed with simulation studies. The overall system includes a least-squares track-sort algorithm to differentiate the true track from the extraneous track, and a Kalman tracker for the prediction of future source positions, thereby reducing the grid search size. An error analysis relating localization accuracy to uncertainties in frequency measurements and sensor positions is also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Fluoride‐ino‐Oxosilicate Cs<sub>2</sub>YFSi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Redox behavior of cytochrome oxidase and neurological prognosis in 66 patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery (2002)

Our data suggest that the redox behavior of cyt. ox. during an operation is a good (though not perfect) predictor of postoperative cerebral outcome, and that overall tissue oxygen sufficiency can be confirmed by near-infrared measurement of cyt. ox.
Blood flow and vascular endothelial cell function. (1993)

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are not merely a selective permeability barrier between blood and underlying tissue but actively play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of circulation. ECs that have a variety of synthetic, metabolic, secretory and self-adaptive capabilities regulate vascular tonus and interact with other cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells and white cells. Recent evidence suggests that these functions are affected by shear stress on the endothelial wall, which is a rheological force shearing the luminal surface of the blood vessel when a viscous fluid such as blood flows over it. Wall shear stress reportedly regulates adaptive vessel growth and angiogenesis, and might be a local risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Shear stress also modulates the production of vasoactive substances such as endothelium-derived relaxing factor, prostacyclin, histamine and endothelin, and regulates macromolecule permeability and endocytosis. More recent studies have shown that shear stress exerts an influence on the expression of mRNA such as tissue plasminogen activator mRNA. These facts suggest that ECs serve as mechanoreceptors by which changes in blood flow or shear stress are recognized by the EC and the signal is transmitted to intracellular organelles. It has been indicated so far that intracellular Ca2+ and the membrane potential might be involved in the shear stress-sensing mechanism of ECs. Knowledge of EC biomechanics, i.e. the EC response to shear stress, will help us to understand the mechanism not only of blood flow-dependent vessel growth and remodeling but also atherogenesis.
<title>Flip-chip packaging for smart MEMS</title> (1998)

The cointegration of IC microsensors, actuators and readout circuit leads to smart Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) which are superior in many aspects to their conventional discrete counterparts. However, the packaging of such device is still a challenge and a major factor of the overall production cost. On one hand MEMS need protection against mechanical contact and media. On the other hand, the encapsulation of the transducer must be partially permeable to the environment. We developed a packaging method which successfully addresses these challenges. Thereby the number of steps needed to electrically contact and partially seal the MEMS are reduced by combining them using flip-chip technology. An opening in the substrate is aligned with the transducer, and enables the interaction with external media. Concurrently with the electrical connections, a frame plated onto the microsystem is soldered to a corresponding structure on the substrate. This frame seals the rest of the chip from the medium interacting with the transducer. Using passive test chips we evaluate the performance of the new packaging method. Various underbump metal and solder deposition techniques were investigated. Both ceramic and flexible organic substrate materials were used. The combination Ni/Au bumps/InPb<SUB>40</SUB> solder/ceramic substrate showed the following mechanical and electrical parameters: For 98% of the tested chips, the helium leakage rate of the sealing frame surrounding the sensor is below the threshold of the used mass spectrometer (5 X 10<SUP>-7</SUP> Pa l s<SUP>-1</SUP>). For flip-chip pads ranging from 200 to 300 mm square, the bump resistances are smaller than 2 m(Omega) . The approach, is illustrated with three successfully packaged MEMS for the measurement of humidity, gas flow, and volatile organic compounds, respectively. They all contain integrated readout circuitry providing digital output.
Auswirkungen des neuen EBM - erste Ergebnisse der Quartalsabrechnung 2/2005 (2006)

Einer der Auslöser für die Proteste der Ärzteschaft gegen eine “Politik der Mangelverwaltung” im Gesundheitswesen war die erste Quartalsabrechnung mit dem neuen EBM. Der neue EBM hat Fragen aufgeworfen, die derzeit in der Ärzteschaft sehr stark diskutiert und die an die Gesundheitspolitik herangetragen werden. Der folgende Beitrag geht v. a. den Fragen nach: Zu welchen Effekten hat der neue EBM geführt? Welche Rolle spielen die Honorarverteilungsverträge? Wodurch wird das Honorar der Psychotherapeuten bestimmt? Ist die Forderung nach einer Gebührenordnung in Euro sinnvoll?
Transparent Recovery of Mach Applications. (1990)

Tuberculosis exerts a sizeable economic burden on the economies of the WHO AFR countries. This implies the need to strongly advocate for better strategies to prevent and control tuberculosis and to help countries end the epidemic of tuberculosis by 2030, as envisioned in the United Nations General Assembly resolution on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
A W-band quadrature hybrid coupled substrate integrated waveguide diplexer (2015)

A W-band quadrature hybrid coupled substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) diplexer is proposed in this paper. Instead of conventional 0.127 mm substrate for W-band circuitry, a 0.254 mm substrate is chosen for Q-value improvement. A WR-10 waveguide to 0.254 mm SIW transition is developed for measurement purpose. The diplexer comprises four Riblet short slot quadrature hybrids and two pairs of 3-pole SIW channel filters. The two passbands of the diplexer are 84 GHz 6% BW and 93 GHz 6% BW respectively. The measured results matched well with simulated ones.
Stable assembly of HIV-1 export complexes occurs cotranscriptionally (2013)

The HIV-1 Rev protein mediates export of unspliced and singly spliced viral transcripts by binding to the Rev response element (RRE) and recruiting the cellular export factor CRM1. Here, we investigated the recruitment of Rev to the transcription sites of HIV-1 reporters that splice either post- or cotranscriptionally. In both cases, we observed that Rev localized to the transcription sites of the reporters and recruited CRM1. Rev and CRM1 remained at the reporter transcription sites when cells were treated with the splicing inhibitor Spliceostatin A (SSA), showing that the proteins associate with RNA prior to or during early spliceosome assembly. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) revealed that Rev and CRM1 have similar kinetics as the HIV-1 RNA, indicating that Rev, CRM1, and RRE-containing RNAs are released from the site of transcription in one single export complex. These results suggest that cotranscriptional formation of a stable export complex serves as a means to ensure efficient export of unspliced viral RNAs.
Molecular Basis of Live-Attenuated Influenza Virus (2013)

Human influenza is a seasonal disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most effective means for controlling infection and thereby reducing morbidity and mortality is vaccination with a three inactivated influenza virus strains mixture, or by intranasal administration of a group of three different live attenuated influenza vaccine strains. Comparing to the inactivated vaccine, the attenuated live viruses allow better elicitation of a long-lasting and broader immune (humoral and cellular) response that represents a naturally occurring transient infection. The cold-adapted (ca) influenza A/AA/6/60 (H2N2) (AA ca) virus is the backbone for the live attenuated trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine licensed in the United States. Similarly, the influenza A components of live-attenuated vaccines used in Russia have been prepared as reassortants of the cold-adapted (ca) H2N2 viruses, A/Leningrad/134/17/57-ca (Len/17) and A/Leningrad/134/47/57-ca (Len/47) along with virulent epidemic strains. However, the mechanism of temperature-sensitive attenuation is largely elusive. To understand how modification at genetic level of influenza virus would result in attenuation of human influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1,A/PR8), we investigated the involvement of key mutations in the PB1 and/or PB2 genes in attenuation of influenza virus in vitro and in vivo. We have demonstrated that a few of residues in PB1 and PB2 are critical for the phenotypes of live attenuated, temperature sensitive influenza viruses by minigenome assay and real-time PCR. The information of these mutation loci could be used for elucidation of mechanism of temperature-sensitive attenuation and as a new strategy for influenza vaccine development.
Real Time Measurement of Deformability Index for Electro-Mechanodiagnostics (2018)

We report a novel microfluidic platform to measure the stiffness of a single cell by evaluating its deformability index through the time information embedded in the electrical impedance data of the cell transit. The deformability index and transit time are two parameters that quantify the stiffness of a single cell passing through a constriction. Conventionally, the deformability index has been measured optically using a highspeed camera, which is expensive, bulky, time-consuming, and thus limits the portability and ease of mechanodiagnostics. Furthermore, the transit time of cell passage is prone to inadvertent flow rate fluctuations. We use Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy combined with a microfluidic channel integrated with an array of coplanar electrodes to evaluate the deformability index of the biological cells. Additionally, measurements of cell impedance during cell transit provides a multi-modal electromechanical signature of individual cells that can be correlated to their health or disease states. The portable and noninvasive method of mechano-phenotyping cell population would make electro-mechanodiagnostics possible.
Microfabricated thermal conductivity detector for the micro-ChemLab. (2005)

This work describes the design, computational prototyping, fabrication, and characterization of a microfabricated thermal conductivity detector ({mu}TCD) to analyze the effluent from a micro-gas chromatograph column ({mu}GC) and to complement the detection efficacy of a surface acoustic wave detector in the micro-ChemLab{trademark} system. To maximize the detection sensitivity, we designed a four-filament Wheatstone bridge circuit where the resistors are suspended by a thin silicon nitride membrane in pyramidal or trapezoidal shaped flow cells. The geometry optimization was carried out by simulation of the heat transfer in the devices, utilizing a boundary element algorithm. Within microfabrication constraints, we determined and fabricated nine sensitivity-optimized geometries of the {mu}TCD. The nine optimal geometries were tested with two different flow patterns. We demonstrated that the perpendicular flow, where the gas directly impinged upon the membrane, yielded a sensitivity that is three times greater than the parallel flow, where the gas passed over the membrane. The functionality of the {mu}TCD was validated with the theoretical prediction and showed a consistent linear response to effluent concentrations, with a detection sensitivity of 1 ppm, utilizing less than 1 W of power.
21.7 kV 4H-SiC PiN Diode with a Space-Modulated Junction Termination Extension (2012)

Ultrahigh-voltage 4H-SiC mesa PiN diodes are fabricated and characterized. An original space-modulated two-zone junction termination extension (SM-two-zone JTE) has realized a laterally tapered profile of the JTE dose, which enlarged the tolerance to the deviation of effective JTE dose compared with a conventional two-zone JTE. We demonstrate a SiC PiN diode with a breakdown voltage of 21.7 kV (81% of the ideal breakdown voltage calculated from the epilayer structure), which is the highest breakdown voltage among any semiconductor devices ever reported.
Blood-borne seeding by hematopoietic and endothelial precursors from the allantois (1998)

Until now the allantois has not been considered as a hematopoietic organ. Here we report experimental evidence demonstrating the in situ emergence of both hematopoietic and endothelial precursors in the avian allantoic bud. When the prevascularized allantoic bud from a quail embryo was grafted in the coelom of a chicken host, hematopoietic and endothelial cells later were found in the bone marrow of the host. Because the graft was located at a distance from the limb bud, these cells could reach the bone marrow only by the circulatory pathway. This blood-borne seeding may be accomplished by distinct hematopoietic and endothelial precursors, or by hemangioblasts, the postulated common precursors of these two lineages; we consider the latter interpretation more likely. We also show by reverse transcription–PCR that the allantois region expresses very early the GATA genes involved in hematopoiesis and some β-globin chain genes.
Derivatives of Hemimellitic Acid. A Synthesis of Erythrocentaurin<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Hemimellitic Acid. A Synthesis of Erythrocentaurin1Ernest Wenkert, David B. R. Johnston, and K. G. DaveCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 9, 2534–2542Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01032a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01032a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views540Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural Damping by Slip in Joints (1983)

The analysis of slip in riveted or bolted joints during harmonic excitation has been the subject of much research. However, in the case of plates the slip is induced by in-plane forces which do not appear in the classical linear plate theory. The aim of this study is to present a general formulation of this problem on the basis of Von Ka´rma´n’s equations and to propose a method of solution in the case of forced vibrations. It is based on the Krylov-Bogoliubov linearization method and on the notion of nonlinear modes. Its application in the case of circular plates revealed structural damping which justifies the use of linear hysteretic model.
CMOS Process-Compatible High-Power Low-Leakage AlGaN/GaN MISHEMT on Silicon (2012)

We report on a novel Au-free CMOS process-compatible process for AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors. The process starts from a 150-mm GaN-on-Si substrate with an embedded Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> bilayer gate dielectric, encapsulated by a high-temperature low-pressure chemical vapor deposited nitride layer. Power devices with a 20-mm gate width reach a maximum output current of 8 A, a breakdown voltage of 750 V, and a specific on-resistance <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on, sp</sub> of 2.9 mΩ·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The off-state drain leakage at 600 V is 7 μA. We show robust gate dielectrics with a large gate bias swing.