gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploration on the feasibility of building muscle-computer interfaces using neck and shoulder motions (2009)

This paper investigates the feasibility of building muscle-computer interfaces starting from surface Electromyography (SEMG) -based neck and shoulder motion recognition. In order to reach the research goal, a real-time SEMG sensing, processing and classification system was developed firstly. Then two types of SEMG recognition experiments, namely user-specific and user-independent classification, were designed and conducted on seven kinds of neck and shoulder motions to explore the feasibility of using these motions as input commands of muscle-computer interfaces. In all 9 subjects took part in these experiments, 97.8% and 84.6% overall average recognition accuracies were obtained in user-specific and user-independent experiments respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that it is possible to build muscle-computer interfaces with neck and shoulder motions. In addition, the results of cross-time experiments designed to explore the relationship between training and accuracy in user-specific recognition indicate that users can interact accurately with computers using the defined motions only after four times training in different days.
Application of Phase Detection Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Locating Faults in an F-18 Flight Control Harness (2005)

The performance of a phase-detection frequency-domain reflectometer (PD-FDR) for locating open and short circuits (hard faults) in a Navy F-18 flight control harness has been tested, and the analytical expressions for accuracy verified. Nine different types of aircraft wires appear in this harness: twisted pair, shielded wires with 1-4 inner conductors, "filter wire," and bundles of individual wires. PD-FDRs in a variety of frequency ranges (12-25, 100-220, 150-300, and 180-400 MHz) are compared. Signal processing techniques are utilized to remove the reflections where the PD-FDR is connected to the wire harness, which is critical to obtaining accurate measurements, particularly for short lengths of wire. For this specific application, open and short circuits are located to within 2.5 cm (1 in) for PD-FDR200 and 11 cm (5.5 in) for PD-FDR25 for wires ranging from 9 cm to 9.15 m (6-360 in).
Magnetized Target Fusion project with high density FRC at Los Alamos National Laboratory. (2003)

We describe a program to demonstrate the scientific basis of Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF). MTF is a potentially low cost path to fusion which is intermediate in plasma regime between magnetic (MFE) and inertial fusion energy (IFE). MTF involves the compression of a magnetized target plasma and PdV heating to fusion relevant conditions inside a converging flux conserving boundary. We have chosen to demonstrate MTF by using a field-reversed configuration (FRC) as our magnetized target plasma and an imploding metal liner for compression. These choices take advantage of significant past scientific and technical accomplishments in MFE and Defense Programs research and should yield substantial plasma performance (n{tau}>10{sup 13}s-cm{sup -3}>5 keV) using an available pulsed-power implosion facility at modest cost. We have recently shown this FRC to be within a factor of 2-3 of required pressure and lifetime.
The genetic control of plastid division in higher plants (1997)

The division of plastids is an important part of plastid differentiation and development and in distinct cell types, such as leaf mesophyll cells, results in large populations of chloroplasts. The morphology and population dynamics of plastid division have been well documented, but the molecular controls underlying plastid division are largely unknown. With the isolation of Arabidopsis mutants in which specific aspects of plastid and proplastid division have been disrupted, the potential exists for a detailed knowledge of how plastids divide and what factors control the rate of division in different cell types. It is likely that knowledge of plant homologues of bacterial cell division genes will be essential for understanding this process in full. The processes of plastid division and expansion appear to be mutually independent processes, which are compensatory when either division or expansion are disrupted genetically. The rate of cell expansion appears to be an important factor in initiating plastid division and several systems involving rapid cell expansion show high levels of plastid division activity. In addition, observation of plastids in different cell types in higher plants shows that cell-specific signals are also important in the overall process in determining not only the differentiation pathway of plastids but also the extent of plastid division. It appears likely that with the exploitation of molecular techniques and mutants, a detailed understanding of the molecular basis of plastid division may soon be a reality.
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: report of ten cases and comparison with viral encephalitis (2009)

The California Encephalitis Project (CEP), established in 1998 to explore encephalitic etiologies, has identified patients with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies, the likely etiology of their encephalitis. This study compares the presentation of such patients to those with viral encephalitis, so that infectious disease clinicians may identify individuals with this treatable disorder. Patients were physician-referred, and standardized forms were used to gather demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. Features of anti-NMDAR+ patients were compared with the viral encephalitides of enteroviral (EV), rabies, and herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1) origins. Sixteen cases with confirmed viral etiologies were all negative on NMDAR antibody testing. Ten anti-NMDAR+ patients were profiled with a median age of 18.5 years (range 11-31 years). None were Caucasian. They had a characteristic progression with prominent psychiatric symptoms, autonomic instability, significant neurologic abnormalities, and seizures. Two had a teratoma, and, of the remaining eight, four had serologic evidence of acute Mycoplasma infection. The clinical and imaging features of anti-NMDAR+ patients served to differentiate this autoimmune disorder from HSV-1, EV, and rabies. Unlike classic paraneoplastic encephalitis, anti-NMDAR encephalitis affects younger patients and is often treatable. The association of NMDAR antibodies in patients with possible Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection warrants further study.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Adhesive Bonded Structures Using Dielectric Methods (2002)

This report results from a contract tasking University of Strathclyde as follows: The contractor shall characterize the dielectric signature of the hydrated lightly coated oxide surface, and investigate the effect of various solvent systems on bond durability. The contractor shall carry out aging studies using hydraulic fluid, aviation fluid, de-icing fluid and urea solutions to explore the way in which aging is influenced by these media. The outcome of this study shall be a definition of the rate and potential mechanisms of attack of these common fluids. The contractor shall characterize the aging of boron fiber/epoxy aluminum bonded structures taking into account that the electrical conductivity of the boron fibers is intermediate between those of carbon and glass. As a result the approach to measurements used with either the carbon fibers or the aluminum structures is not appropriate with these structures. An electrode structure has been constructed which allows investigation of the dielectric properties of these structures, but the effects of moisture and aging in high humidity environments has not been evaluated. Structures have been created and it is planned to carry out aging studies over the next two years. Boron fiber composites are used in repair of damage on the skins of aluminum fabricated aircraft. This study will demonstrate the usefulness of the method for the characterization of aging in these bonded structures.
Comparison of the Power Plate and Free Weight Exercises on Upper Body Muscle Endurance in Young Athletes (2009)

The power plate (PP) is designed to reduce training time while providing a muscle stimulus that leads to positive changes in muscle mass. This study investigated the effect that training on the PP has compared to a free-weight (FW) program, on upper body endurance, defined as the number of push-ups completed at one time prior to failure. Following IRB approval a pre-test was used to assess push-up endurance in PP and FW cohorts. Each group exercised for six consecutive weeks, working out three times per week, on non-consecutive days performing five exercises of two sets of 8-12 repetitions. Twenty-two females and 2 males enrolled in the investigation. Eleven with a mean age of 22 years (20-24) participated in the PP cohort. Thirteen participated in the FW arm of the study with a mean age of 24.5 (20-29) years. Shapiro-Wilk found lack of data normality. Wilcoxon Rank Sum testing yielded statistically significant differences within groups. The FW comparison between pre and post test showed a p value of 0.016. The PP group pre to post test p value was 0.005. Nonparametric testing (Mann Whitney) found no statistical differences (p=0.62) between Group A (FW) and Group B (PP) on the push-up pre-test. The post-test comparing post testing differences between groups (PP and FW) found no statistical differences (p=0.55) in the push-up test. Subjects in both groups saw increases in upper-body endurance with statistically significant differences within groups. Based on our findings the PP is a useful tool which enhances upper body muscle endurance.
Internet of Things and Sensor Networks (2020)

The articles in this special section focus on the application of Internet of Things to sensor networks. The number of Internet of Things (IoT) technology applications has been growing steadily. IoT devices can perform basic functionalities for sensor data collection and machine control. Furthermore, advancements in chip design have enabled sophisticated system-on-chip applications over small-sized IoT devices that perform complex data processing at the network edge. Unlike human-operated devices, such as smart phones, the operation of IoT devices is often expected to be autonomous. However, the massive numbers of IoT nodes in large-scale communication networks pose new challenges for IoT system design and management. Presents selected novel applications, highlights essential security and privacy aspects, and evaluates the performance of the emerging cellular technology that supports IoT connectivity.
Whole Mount Immunofluorescent Staining of the Neonatal Mouse Retina to Investigate Angiogenesis <em>In vivo</em> (2013)

Angiogenesis is the complex process of new blood vessel formation defined by the sprouting of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vessel network. Angiogenesis plays a key role not only in normal development of organs and tissues, but also in many diseases in which blood vessel formation is dysregulated, such as cancer, blindness and ischemic diseases. In adult life, blood vessels are generally quiescent so angiogenesis is an important target for novel drug development to try and regulate new vessel formation specifically in disease. In order to better understand angiogenesis and to develop appropriate strategies to regulate it, models are required that accurately reflect the different biological steps that are involved. The mouse neonatal retina provides an excellent model of angiogenesis because arteries, veins and capillaries develop to form a vascular plexus during the first week after birth. This model also has the advantage of having a two-dimensional (2D) structure making analysis straightforward compared with the complex 3D anatomy of other vascular networks. By analyzing the retinal vascular plexus at different times after birth, it is possible to observe the various stages of angiogenesis under the microscope. This article demonstrates a straightforward procedure for analyzing the vasculature of a mouse retina using fluorescent staining with isolectin and vascular specific antibodies.
Transposon-Mediated Single-Copy Gene Delivery Leads to Increased Transgene Expression Stability in Barley (2001)

Instability of transgene expression in plants is often associated with complex multicopy patterns of transgene integration at the same locus, as well as position effects due to random integration. Based on maize transposable elements Activator (Ac) and Dissociation (Ds), we developed a method to generate large numbers of transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare var Golden Promise) plants, each carrying a single transgene copy at different locations. Plants expressing Ac transposase (AcTPase) were crossed with plants containing one or more copies of bar, a selectable herbicide (Basta) resistance gene, located between inverted-repeat Ds ends (Ds-bar). F(1) plants were self-pollinated and the F(2) generation was analyzed to identify plants segregating for transposed Ds-bar elements. Of Ds-bar transpositions, 25% were in unlinked sites that segregated from vector sequences, other Ds-bar copies, and the AcTPase gene, resulting in numerous single-copy Ds-bar plants carrying the transgene at different locations. Transgene expression in F(2) plants with transposed Ds-bar was 100% stable, whereas only 23% of F(2) plants carrying Ds-bar at the original site expressed the transgene product stably. In F(3) and F(4) populations, transgene expression in 81.5% of plants from progeny of F(2) plants with single-copy, transposed Ds-bar remained completely stable. Analysis of the integration site in single-copy plants showed that transposed Ds-bar inserted into single- or low-copy regions of the genome, whereas silenced Ds-bar elements at their original location were inserted into redundant or highly repetitive genomic regions. Methylation of the non-transposed transgene and its promoter, as well as a higher condensation of the chromatin around the original integration site, was associated with plants exhibiting transgene silencing.
Blockade of Antimicrobial Proteins S100A8 and S100A9 Inhibits Phagocyte Migration to the Alveoli in Streptococcal Pneumonia (2008)

We investigated the roles of the potent, chemotactic antimicrobial proteins S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8/A9 in leukocyte migration in a model of streptococcal pneumonia. We first observed differential secretion of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8/A9 that preceded neutrophil recruitment. This is partially explained by the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins by pneumocytes in the early phase of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Pretreatment of mice with anti-S100A8 and anti-S100A9 Abs, alone or in combination had no effect on bacterial load or mice survival, but caused neutrophil and macrophage recruitment to the alveoli to diminish by 70 and 80%, respectively, without modifying leukocyte blood count, transendothelial migration or neutrophil sequestration in the lung vasculature. These decreases were also associated with a 68% increase of phagocyte accumulation in lung tissue and increased expression of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2 in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavages. These results show that S100A8 and S100A9 play an important role in leukocyte migration and strongly suggest their involvement in the transepithelial migration of macrophages and neutrophils. They also indicate the importance of antimicrobial proteins, as opposed to classical chemotactic factors such as chemokines, in regulating innate immune responses in the lung.
Future challenges for hospitals and health care: an international perspective on the NHS 50th anniversary. (1999)

This essay reviews research and poses questions for thought or discussion about the changing character of health care services and the impact of ageing, welfare, rising demand and related trends. It then asks what it would take to make the present medical service into a real health service and to empower patients and citizens. A third section worries about recruitment, retention and the morale of health care staff, and a final section considers the options for funding health care in the next 25 years.
Global Optimization Techniques in Gas Allocation for Continuous Flow Gas Lift Systems (1996)

Abstract Continuous flow gas lift is one of the most common artificial lift methods in use. It works by injecting a continuous volume of high pressure gas into the tubing or tubing/casing annulus to lighten the column of oil and thus facilitate extraction. Excessive gas input is costly because of high gas prices and compressing costs. Inefficient gas allocation in a field with limited gas availability also reduces production and profitability. Historically, a sensible allocation was achieved using a technique called the equal slope allocation method. This method uses graphical procedures to optimally allocate gas to a group of wells in order to optimize total oil production. However, there is a disadvantage in this method, as it can not be applied to wells where there is not an instantaneous response to gas injection. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for automatically determining the optimum gas injection rate for a group of wells in order to maximize the total oil production rate for a given total amount of gas. The search algorithm proposed is a combination of stochastic domain exploration and a heuristic calculation of a descent direction, in order to avoid stopping the algorithm at a local optimum.
Sensitive and specific electrochemical sensors for charge-diffuse cations: use of lipophilic cyclodextrins and an enzyme relay for the determination of acetylcholine (1996)

Lipophilic, alkylated cyclodextrins (CDs) are aromatic hosts which are excellent ionophores for reversibly binding size-matched, charge-diffuse cations. The application of lipophilic beta-CDs as ionophores for sensing acetylcholine chloride using a potentiometric ISE and an amperometric biosensor is described. Potentiometric ISEs, using 2,6-didodecyl-beta-CD as ionophore, showed a Nernstian response with a limit of detection -log[C] = 5.0 and selectivity coefficient -logKijPot = 4.2 (in serum levels of Na+, K+ and Ca2+). A Nernstian response is maintained in the presence of bovine serum albumin for a PVC- and a polyurethane-based electroactive membrane on initial contact. However, on prolonged contact, the polyurethane-based membranes showed a lower shift in Einitial0 (the bias potential on initial contact with analyte solution) than PVC. Amperometric biosensors were assembled by modifying screen-printed electrodes with a ferrocenyl charge shuttle, enzymes (horseradish peroxidase, choline oxidase and/or acetylcholine esterase) and a thin film comprising a polyurethane matrix, 2,3,6-triethyl-beta-CD, a plasticizer and a large anionic salt. The resulting sensor, which was capable of detecting subpicomolar levels of acetylcholine, was highly specific and was stable to storage in air and in solution. Interference from endogenous electroactive compounds was minimal.
Practical Limitation for Continuous-Variable Quantum Cryptography using Coherent States (2004)

In this Letter, first, we investigate the security of a continuous-variable quantum cryptographic scheme with a postselection process against individual beam splitting attack. It is shown that the scheme can be secure in the presence of the transmission loss owing to the postselection. Second, we provide a loss limit for continuous-variable quantum cryptography using coherent states taking into account excess Gaussian noise on quadrature distribution. Since the excess noise is reduced by the loss mechanism, a realistic intercept-resend attack which makes a Gaussian mixture of coherent states gives a loss limit in the presence of any excess Gaussian noise.
Critical Role for Kalirin in Nerve Growth Factor Signaling through TrkA (2005)

Kalirin is a multidomain guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rho proteins, inducing cytoskeletal rearrangement in neurons. Although much is known about the effects of Kalirin on Rho GTPases and neuronal morphology, little is known about the association of Kalirin with the receptor/signaling systems that affect neuronal morphology. Our experiments demonstrate that Kalirin binds to and colocalizes with the TrkA neurotrophin receptor in neurons. In PC12 cells, inhibition of Kalirin expression using antisense RNA decreased nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced TrkA autophosphorylation and process extension. Kalirin overexpression potentiated neurotrophin-stimulated TrkA autophosphorylation and neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells at a low concentration of NGF. Furthermore, elevated Kalirin expression resulted in catalytic activation of TrkA, as demonstrated by in vitro kinase assays and increased NGF-stimulated cellular activation of Rac, Mek, and CREB. Domain mapping demonstrated that the N-terminal Kalirin pleckstrin homology domain mediates the interaction with TrkA. The effects of Kalirin on TrkA provide a molecular basis for the requirement of Kalirin in process extension from PC12 cells and for previously observed effects on axonal extension and dendritic maintenance. The interaction of TrkA with the pleckstrin homology domain of Kalirin may be one example of a general mechanism whereby receptor/Rho GEF pairings play an important role in receptor tyrosine kinase activation and signal transduction.
CONDITIONS THAT ENABLE HUMAN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL ENGRAFTMENT IN ALL NOD-SCID MICE1 (2000)

Successful development of the NOD-SCID mouse model and techniques to assess human engraftment now allow it to be used reliably to analyze the effects of short-term cytokine exposure on the long-term repopulating capacity of CB stem cells.
Ultraviolet disinfection of secondary wastewater effluents: prediction of performance and design (1996)

An empirical ultraviolet (UV) disinfection model was developed to predict coliform inactivation in unfiltered secondary wastewater effluent. The model was developed in the tailing region of the UV dose‐response curve for log survival values less than −3. Input parameters to the model include the suspended solids concentration, the unfiltered UV transmittance measured at a wavelength of 253.7 nm, the influent coliform concentration before exposure to UV light, and the applied UV dose. In the model, UV dose is calculated as the average UV intensity within the reactor (using the point source summation method) multiplied by the exposure time (based on the assumption of approximate plug flow conditions). Because the model is empirical, it should be calibrated to establish the statistical significance of each input parameter before use in a particular situation and to implicitly account for other factors influencing disinfection performance. The model was calibrated with data collected from a small‐scale UV reactor operated at two northern California wastewater treatment plants. The values of suspended solids concentration, unfiltered UV transmittance, and UV dose were found to be statistically significant with the water quality data set considered. The correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of the calibrated model was 0.79. The calibrated model was then used to illustrate a design approach that integrates model uncertainty, wastewater variability, and variable permit requirements. In this approach, the number of UV lamps, modules, banks, and channels can be optimized to provide cost‐effective designs. Several design examples are used to illustrate both disinfection and headloss considerations in the recommended design approach.
Integrated system to maximize efficiency in transit maintenance departments (2006)

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to show how an integrated system serves as an information support tool to assists maintenance managers to analyze data and evaluate alternatives in order to make better decisions that maximize efficiency in transit operations.