gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A role for protein kinase C‐α in zymosan‐stimulated eicosanoid synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages (1993)

A possible regulatory function of protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes in zymosan-stimulated eicosanoid synthesis was studied in mouse peritoneal macrophages in culture. The addition of zymosan to intact cells labelled with [3H]arachidonic acid stimulated a time-dependent and concentration-dependent release of the fatty acid. There was a simultaneous marked increase in the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C4. The protein-kinase inhibitor K-252a and the selective PKC inhibitor CGP41251 completely blocked zymosan-triggered arachidonic acid release as well as prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C4 synthesis. In contrast, an inactive staurosporine derivative, CGP42700, failed to inhibit any of the zymosan-induced responses. The down-regulation of PKC by long-term treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate eliminated zymosan-stimulated arachidonic acid release and eicosanoid synthesis (after 4-6 h treatment). By using specific antibodies it was observed that mouse macrophages express five PKC isoenzymes, PKC-alpha, -beta, -delta, -epsilon and -zeta. No PKC-gamma isoenzyme was detected. After exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a complete depletion of PKC-beta was observed within 1 h and the complete depletion of PKC-alpha and PKC-delta isotypes was observed within 4 h. In contrast, PKC-epsilon was only partially down-regulated after a 24-h treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and PKC-zeta was not affected at all. These data indicate that PKC-alpha and PKC-delta isoenzymes are candidates for regulating prostaglandin and leukotriene production. From the potent inhibitory activities of K-252a and CGP41251, two compounds that reportedly display a higher selectivity for PKC-alpha compared to PKC-delta, it is suggested that PKC-alpha triggers arachidonic acid mobilization and eicosanoid synthesis in peritoneal macrophages.
Smart Camera for MPEG-7 (2001)

While a first generation of video coding techniques proposed to remove the redundancies in and between image frames to get smaller bitstreams, second generation schemes like MPEG-4 and MPEG-7 aim at doing content-based coding and interactivity. To reach this goal, tools for the extraction and description of semantic objects need to be developed. In this work, we propose an algorithm for the extraction and tracking of semantic objects and an MPEG-7 compliant descriptor set for generic objects; together, they can be seen like a smart camera for automatic scene description. Some parts of the proposed system will be tested by software. The tracking algorithm has been laid out so as to follow generic objects in scenes including partial occlusions and merging. To do this, we first localize each moving object of the scene using a change-detection mask. Then, a certain number of representative points called centroids is given to the objects by a fuzzy C-means algorithm. For each centroid of some current frame, we try to find the closest centroid in the previous frame. Once we found these pairs, each object can be labelled according to its corresponding previous centroids. The description structure is a subset of the DDL language used in MPEG-7. The main concern was to find a simple, but flexible descriptor set for generic objects. A corresponding C-structure for software implementations is also proposed and partially tested.
Primary aldosteronism due to unilateral adrenal hyperplasia: a case report. (1997)

Primary aldosteronism is one of the differential diagnosis of secondary hypertension. This is usually caused by an aldosterone producing adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia which comprise about 65% and 30% of the cases, respectively. However, less than 1% of primary aldosteronism is caused by unilateral adrenal hyperplasia which is a relatively rare subset of primary aldosteronism. The clinical and biochemical manifestations of the disorder are indistinguishable from aldosterone-producing tumor, and a definitive diagnosis can only be made by pathological finding. A 33-year-old male Chinese patient presented with hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and the hypersecretion of aldosterone associated with suppressed plasma renin activity which is a typical hallmark of primary aldosteronism. Image studies including both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 131I NIP-59 scan as well as postural test suggested an aldosterone-producing tumor of the right adrenal gland. Unilateral adrenectomy and pathological examination of the right adrenal gland eventually proved a case of unilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Blood pressure, plasma potassium, aldosterone and renin activity levels returned to normal two weeks after operation and had remained normal at up to one year of follow up. In addition, a saline loading test showed normal suppression of plasma aldosterone level one year after the operation, suggesting that the function of the left adrenal gland remains normal. The etiology of unilateral adrenal hyperplasia is unclear and the future recurrence of the disease is possible. Long-term follow-up is necessary to ensure the cure of this disorder.
Regulation of Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis by Thyroid Hormone in Vitro (1982)

Human skin fibroblasts synthesize and accumulate glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Recently, we reported that fibroblasts incubated in thyroid hormone-deficient media accumulate more GAG than do cultures incubated in the same media enriched with 0.1 muM triiodothyronine (T(3)) (1981. Endocrinology. 108: 2397). The current study characterizes that enhanced accumulation. Confluent cultures were maintained in thyroid hormone-deficient media without or with added T(3), labeled with [(3)H]acetate and analyzed for total [(3)H]GAG and [(3)H]hyaluronic acid content. Addition of T(3) to thyroid hormone-depleted media consistently inhibited the incorporation of [(3)H]acetate into GAG by 28-60% in fibroblast cultures from four different normal human donors. Maximal inhibitory effect was observed within 3 d after hormone addition at concentrations > 1 nM. 73% of the maximal inhibitory effect was observed in the presence of physiologic concentrations of T(3) (0.16 nM total T(3) or 1.4 pM free T(3)). The following observations indicated that T(3) inhibition of [(3)H]GAG accumulation is most likely due to a decrease in GAG synthesis rather than to changes in the acetate pool or GAG degradation: (a) Addition of 0, 100, 500, and 2,500 muM unlabeled acetate progressively decreased [(3)H]acetate incorporation into GAG, up to 80%, without altering the further inhibitory effect of T(3) (35-40%); (b). A similar effect of T(3) on GAG (32% inhibition) was observed using [(3)H]glucosamine as substrate; (c) T(3) decreased hyaluronate synthetase activity by 32%; and (d) There was no effect of T(3) on GAG degradation in a pulse-chase experiment. The effect of T(3) on [(3)H]GAG accumulation appears to be quite specific, since the hormone had no effect on the incorporation of [(3)H]leucine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material.Thus, thyroid hormone inhibits GAG accumulation in a dose-, time-dependent, and reversible manner. This inhibition is apparently due to specific effects on the rate of macromolecular synthesis.
Microtubule‐active drugs suppress the closure of the permeability transition pore in tumour mitochondria (1996)

We report the effects of anticancer drugs, inhibitors of microtubule organisation, on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. Taxol (5-20 microM) and colchicine (100-500 microM) prevented closing of the cyclosporin A-sensitive PTP. No taxol or colchicine effects on oxidative phosphorylation were observed in the range of concentrations used. We suggest that either membrane-bound tubulin per se can be part of PTP and/or the attachment of mitochondria to the microtubular network is essential for PTP regulation. The taxol inhibition of PTP closure, mediated through interaction with the cytoskeleton, sheds new light on the cytotoxic properties of this anticancer drug.
Syntheses and diuretic activity of 1,2-dihydro-2-(3-pyridyl)-3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one and related compounds (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses and diuretic activity of 1,2-dihydro-2-(3-pyridyl)-3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one and related compoundsHarlie A. Parish Jr., Richard D. Gilliom, William P. Purcell, Ronald K. Browne, Roy F. Spirk, and Harold D. WhiteCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 1, 98–102Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00343a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00343a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views604Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of heart girth or flank-to-flank measurements for predicting sow weight (2004)

In previous Swine Day Reports we have demonstrated that feeding sows in gestation on the basis of body weight and backfat thickness is more precise and economical than methods of feeding based on visual observation of body-condition score. To simplify the weight and backfat procedure, we have estimated sow weight based on the correlation between heart girth (circumference of the sow measured behind the front legs) and weight. The objective of this study was to determine if a different sow measurement, flank to flank, would be as accurate as the heart-girth measurement. Sows were weighed and measured behind the front legs for heart girth or in front of the back legs for flank-to-flank measurement, and regression equations to estimate sow weight were developed. A total of 605 sows from three farms were used for the girth measurement. A total of 306 sows from two farms were used for the flank-to-flank measurement. The heart-girth equation was: weight, lb = 21.54 Ã— heart girth, in â€“ 684.76. The flank-to-flank measurement was: weight, lb = 26.85 Ã— flank-to-flank, in â€“ 627.93. The average residual was 30.8 lb for the heart girth measurement and 31.4 lb for the flank-to-flank measurement. Both of these measurements provide a reasonable weight estimate that can be used to determine weight categories for more accurately feeding gestating sows.; Swine Day, 2004, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2004
Discovering Small Molecule Ligands of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor That Block VEGF–KDR Binding Using Label-Free Microarray-Based Assays (2013)

We present here a label-free microarray-based assay platform that we used to identify inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-kinase-insertion domain receptor (KDR) binding. Supported by a combination of special ellipsometry-based optical detection and small molecule microarrays (SMM), this platform consists of three assays: (1) the first assay detects binding of a target protein with SMM and identifies ligands to the protein as inhibitor candidates; (2) the second assay detects binding of a receptor protein with identical SMM and subsequent binding of the target protein (a sandwich assay) to identify the ligands to the receptor protein that do not interfere with the target-receptor binding; (3) the third assay detects binding of the target protein to the receptor protein in the presence of the ligands of the target protein identified from the first assay, with the receptor protein immobilized to a solid surface through the ligands identified in the second assay, to yield dose-response curves. Using this platform, we screened 7,961 compounds from the National Cancer Institute and found 12 inhibitors to VEGF-KDR (VEGFR2) interactions with IC₅₀ ranging from 0.3 to 60 μM. The inhibitory potency of these inhibitors found in the microarray-based assay was confirmed by their inhibition of VEGF-induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation in a cell-based assay.
Tailor‐Made Designer Helical Peptides that Induce Mitochondrion‐Mediated Cell Death without Necrosis (2014)

Managing protein-protein interactions is essential for resolving unknown biological events at the molecular level and developing drugs. We have designed and synthesized a side-chain-crosslinked helical peptides based on the binding domain of a pro-apoptotic protein (Bad) that induces programmed cell death. The peptide showed high helical content and bound to its target, Bcl-XL, more strongly than its non-crosslinked counterparts. When HeLa cells were incubated with the crosslinked peptide, the peptide entered the cytosol across the plasma membrane. The peptide formed a stable complex with Bcl-XL localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane, and this binding event caused the release of cytochrome c from the intermembrane space of mitochondria into the cytosol. This activated the caspase cascade: 70% of HeLa cells died by the apoptosis pathway (without evidence of necrosis).
The interfacial reaction of Ni on (100) Si₁âxGex (x=0, 0.25) and (111) Ge (2003)

The interfacial reaction of Ni with Si, Si₀.₇₅Ge₀.₂₅, and Ge at 400°C has been investigated. A uniform epitaxial NiSi film was obtained at 400°C for Ni-Silicidation on Si using rapid thermal annealing method. Similarly, uniform film of NiGe was formed at 400°C for Ni reaction with Ge. Whereas using in situ annealing at 400°C, Ni₃Ge₂ and NiGe were observed. For the interfacial reaction of Ni with relaxed Si₀.₇₅Ge₀.₂₅ films rapid thermal annealed at 400°C, a mixed layer consisting of Ni₃(Si₁âxGex)₂, Ni(Si₁âyGey), and Si₁âzGez (z>y>x) was formed; whereas only Ni₃(Si₁âxGex)₂ and Ni(Si₁âyGey>) were observed by in situ annealing.
Molecular optics approach to electromagnetic wave interactions with stratified media (1996)

The problem of electromagnetic wave interaction with a stratified dielectric medium is solved in the framework of molecular optics, leading to a new derivation for the refraction and reflection laws at stratified media interfaces. In addition, the solution confirms the Lorentz–Lorenz refractive index formula characterizing the transverse propagation modes and the characteristic frequencies associated with the longitudinal mode. The analytic results presented in this study support the existence of another longitudinal mode propagating with the vacuum wave number within the medium, and they provide a new concept for the Ewald–Oseen extinction theorem. Other new results of this study are that (1) the relation between Fresnel horizontal and vertical reflection coefficients and the relation between the corresponding transmission coefficients are revealed and (2) a new concept is presented for the Brewster angle, and (3) the concept is introduced of multiple reflections in formulating the reflection coefficient at the interface between two different dielectric materials.
Molecular characterization of small peripheral lung tumors based on the analysis of fine needle aspirates. (2008)

The computed tomography (CT)-based early lung cancer diagnostic technologies allow the detection of very small stage I lung tumors. As part of these screening protocols any suspicious nodule has to be diagnosed morphologically, which requires CT-guided Fine Needle Aspiration, open biopsy or surgery. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) cytology is a well-recognised method for a rapid and accurate diagnosis of small lung tumors. Molecular analysis of the FNA specimens could complement cytology diagnosis by the characterization of the biological traits at the preoperative stage. In this study, we aimed to characterize the biological profile of 33 paraffin-embedded transthoracic FNA samples obtained from three groups of lung cancer patients: two groups of small early-detected lung adenocarcinomas (radiologically subsolid and solid nodules) and a third group of small metastatic adenocarcinomas. Genetic analysis was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using the four-color LAVysion probe. p53 and Ki-67 protein expression was also evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The samples showed gains for all targets analyzed; two cases had EGFR gene amplification and two cases had MYC amplification. There were no significant differences in the percentage of genetically malignant cells and the expression of Ki-67 among the three groups. However, p53 accumulation was significantly higher in the metastatic group compared to the subsolid early-detected group (P = 0.001). In conclusion, molecular analysis of FNA specimens may provide useful information at preoperative stages. In our series, a good prognostic profile in subsolid early detected adenocarcinomas is suggested.
Horizon: Facebook's Open Source Applied Reinforcement Learning Platform (2018)

In this paper we present Horizon, Facebook's open source applied reinforcement learning (RL) platform. Horizon is an end-to-end platform designed to solve industry applied RL problems where datasets are large (millions to billions of observations), the feedback loop is slow (vs. a simulator), and experiments must be done with care because they don't run in a simulator. Unlike other RL platforms, which are often designed for fast prototyping and experimentation, Horizon is designed with production use cases as top of mind. The platform contains workflows to train popular deep RL algorithms and includes data preprocessing, feature transformation, distributed training, counterfactual policy evaluation, optimized serving, and a model-based data understanding tool. We also showcase and describe real examples where reinforcement learning models trained with Horizon significantly outperformed and replaced supervised learning systems at Facebook.
Imaging of cortical haemoglobin concentration with RGB reflectometry (2009)

We demonstrate that a colour RGB-CCD camera can be used to map haemoglobin changes of the exposed cortex following cortical activation and spreading depression in rats. We examine its performance by a comparison with narrow bandpass spectroscopy and evaluation of the extinction spectra of haemoglobin based on condition number analysis.
X Protein of Hepatitis B Virus Inhibits Fas-mediated Apoptosis and Is Associated with Up-regulation of the SAPK/JNK Pathway (2001)

The X protein from a chronic strain of hepatitis B virus (HBx) was determined to inhibit Fas-mediated apoptosis and promote cell survival. Fas-mediated apoptosis is the major cause of hepatocyte damage during liver disease. Experiments demonstrated that cell death caused by anti-Fas antibodies was blocked by the expression of HBx in human primary hepatocytes and mouse embryo fibroblasts. This effect was also observed in mouse erythroleukemia cells that lacked p53, indicating that protection against Fas-mediated apoptosis was independent of p53. Components of the signal transduction pathways involved in this protection were studied. The SAPK/JNK pathway has previously been suggested to be a survival pathway for some cells undergoing Fas-mediated apoptosis, and kinase assays showed that SAPK activity was highly up-regulated in cells expressing the HBx protein. Normal mouse fibroblasts expressing HBx were protected from death, whereas identical fibroblasts lacking the SEK1 component from the SAPK pathway succumbed to Fas-mediated apoptosis, whether HBx was present or not. Assays showed that caspase 3 and 8 activities and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria were inhibited, in the presence of HBx, following stimulation with anti-Fas antibodies. Coprecipitation and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that HBx localizes with a cytoplasmic complex containing MEKK1, SEK1, SAPK, and 14-3-3 proteins. Finally, mutational analysis of HBx demonstrated that a potential binding region for 14-3-3 proteins was essential for induction of SAPK/JNK activity and protection from Fas-mediated apoptosis.
Time Lapse Seismic Data Selection for Acquisition and Processing by Fresnel Zone Estimation (2001)

P667 TIME LAPSE SEISMIC DATA SELECTION FOR ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING BY FRESNEL ZONE ESTIMATION P.L.A. WINTHAEGEN 1 J.F.B. BOLTE 2 and D.J. VERSCHUUR 2 Summary 1 For selecting data to image a specific part of the subsurface a methodology for determining the Fresnel zone at the surface (zone of influence) is proposed. This methodology is based on the Common Focal Point matrix and is fully data-driven by using 2D or 3D seismic data. By applying this method not only the contributing traces for processing are selected but also the source and receiver positions needed for acquisition. The presented methodology can
Mammalian Mitochondrial Ribosomes. Studies on the Exchangeability of Polypeptide Chain Elongation Factors from Bacterial and Mitochondrial Systems (1980)

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes from rat liver synthesised poly(phenylalanine) from [14C]-Phe-tRNA in the presence of a homologous 10(5) X gav supernatent fraction. The activity depended on the addition of synthetic template and was resistant to cycloheximide. The polyanion spermidine had a stimulatory effect on peptide synthesis in vitro. In contrast to Escherichia coli ribosomes, which also functioned with heterologous supernatant fractions, 55-S mitochondrial ribosomes were inactive when supplemented with heterologous supernatant fractions from E. coli or with purified bacterial elongation factors. EF-T slightly stimulated polyphenylalanine synthesis when added in combination with mitochondrial supernatant fractions. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the protein content of both supernatant fractions revealed considerable differences in the distribution of the species-specific proteins according to their isoelectric points. The mitochondrial supernatant proteins were in general more basic, and the few acidic proteins did not co-migrate with EF-Tu or EF-G from E. coli.
A methodology for time-frequency image processing applied to the classification of non-stationary multichannel signals using instantaneous frequency descriptors with application to newborn EEG signals (2012)

Abstract This article presents a general methodology for processing non-stationary signals for the purpose of classification and localization. The methodology combines methods adapted from three complementary areas: time-frequency signal analysis, multichannel signal analysis and image processing. The latter three combine in a new methodology referred to as multichannel time-frequency image processing which is applied to the problem of classifying electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities in both adults and newborns. A combination of signal related features and image related features are used by merging key instantaneous frequency descriptors which characterize the signal non-stationarities. The results obtained show that, firstly, the features based on time-frequency image processing techniques such as image segmentation, improve the performance of EEG abnormalities detection in the classification systems based on multi-SVM and neural network classifiers. Secondly, these discriminating features are able to better detect the correlation between newborn EEG signals in a multichannel-based newborn EEG seizure detection for the purpose of localizing EEG abnormalities on the scalp.