gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligand and Tetrathiometalate Effects in Induced Internal Electron Transfer Reactions (1999)

New rhenium sulfide complexes, [Re(IV)(2)(&mgr;-S)(2)(&mgr;-S(2))(&mgr;-S(2)COR)(S(2)COR)(2)](-) and [Re(IV)(2)(&mgr;-S)(2)(S(2)COR)(4)], and a new tungsten sulfide complex, [WS(S(2))(S(2)CC(6)H(5))(2)], have been synthesized and isolated via induced internal redox reactions involving the appropriate tetrathiometalate and 1,1-dithiolate disulfide. The red complex [Re(IV)(2)(&mgr;-S)(2)(&mgr;-S(2))(&mgr;-S(2)COR)(S(2)COR)(2)](-), 1, was isolated from the reaction of dialkylxanthogen disulfide, [(ROCS(2))(2)], and tetraethylammonium tetrathioperrhenate, [Et(4)N][Re(VII)S(4)]. Crystal structure analysis of 1 reveals an edge-sharing (&mgr;-S)(2) bioctahedron containing both bridging disulfide and xanthate ligands. This reaction is compared to the known reaction between tetraalkylthiuram disulfide, [(R(2)NCS(2))(2)], and [Et(4)N][ReS(4)], which produces the green complex [Re(IV)(2)(&mgr;-S)(2)(S(2)CNR(2))(4)]. The corresponding green alkyl xanthate analogue, [Re(IV)(2)(&mgr;-S)(2)(S(2)COR)(4)], 2, was synthesized by a simple redox reaction between rhenium pentachloride, ReCl(5), and potassium alkyl xanthate, [K(S(2)COR)]. Comparing 1 with other known [ReS(4)](-)/1,1-dithiolate disulfide reaction products, such as [Re(IV)(2)(&mgr;-S)(2)(S(2)CNR(2))(4)] and [Re(III)(S(2)CC(6)H(5))(S(3)CC(6)H(5))(2)], shows a correlation between the electron-donating ability of the ligand and the nature of the reaction product. Reactions of [Et(4)N](2)[Mo(VI)S(4)], [Et(4)N][Re(VII)S(4)], or [Et(4)N](2)[W(VI)S(4)] with dithiobenzoate disulfide, [(S(2)CC(6)H(5))(2)], reveal a correlation between the ligand-to-metal charge transfer energy band (LMCT(1)) of the tetrathiometalate and the reaction product. The known purple complex [Mo(IV)(S(2)CC(6)H(5))(4)] and two new green complexes, [Re(III)(S(2)CC(6)H(5))(S(3)CC(6)H(5))(2)] (recently communicated) and [W(VI)S(S(2))(S(2)CC(6)H(5))(2)], were isolated from related reactions.
The looming retirement crisis. (1997)

A retirement crisis looms in the United States due to a number of recent and emerging trends that affect government retirement programs, employer- and union-sponsored retirement benefits and personal savings arrangements. The crisis can be averted, but only with well-thought-out action on a number of issues, particularly Social Security and Medicare reform.
Toward efficient flow-sensitive induction variable analysis and dependence testing for loop optimization (2006)

This paper presents a new approach to improve flow-sensitive induction variable analysis and data dependence testing on intermediate program representations, such as control-flow graphs with low-level operations representations in single static assignment forms. Current compiler techniques have difficulties optimizing loops that exhibit irregular control flow patterns. The inaccuracy of loop analysis results in conservative estimations of array-based data dependences in loops, which negatively affects the speedup of the loop via parallelization and vectorization. Our approach is based on a novel CR# (CR-sharp) algebra that effectively represents the value progressions of (conditionally) updated variables in loops. The CR# forms of induction variables are constructed with a new flow-sensitive induction variable recognition algorithm. We also developed a new CR#-based nonlinear data dependence test that enables loops to be more effectively optimized.
High-Rate, Low Power Sst (Scarce State Transition) Scheme Viterbi Decoder Employing 4-Way Acs Units (2000)

Viterbi decoders employed in digital wireless communications are complex and dissipate large amount of power. In this paper, we investigate power dissipation of Radix-4 Viterbi decoder and SST (Scarce State Transition) Radix-4 Viterbi decoder with changing the constraint length K (namely, K=3, 4). We presents a low power, high-rate Viterbi decoder using SST scheme and Radix-4 trellis. The SST makes it possible to omit the maximum likelihood decision (MLD) circuit[1, 6]. Radix-4 trellis, consisting of four 4-way ACS (Add-Compare-Select) units, is based on a restructuring of the conventional Radix-2 trellis into a Radix-4 trellis[2]. We designed the behavior of two Viterbi decoders in VHDL and synthesized using a synthesis tool. Power estimation obtained through gate level simulations indicates that the proposed design reduces the power dissipation of a Radix-4 Viterbi decoder design by 33%. 1. Introduction The convolutional encoding and Viterbi decoding scheme is used by many satellit...
Site-specific modification and RNA crosslinking of the RNA-binding domain of PKR (2000)

RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is an interferon-induced, RNA-activated enzyme that phosphorylates and inhibits the function of the translation initiation factor eIF-2. PKR is activated in vitro by binding RNA molecules with extensive duplex structure. To further define the nature of the RNA regulation of PKR, we have prepared and characterized site-specifically modified proteins consisting of the PKR 20 kDa RNA-binding domain (RBD). Here we show that the two cysteines found naturally in this domain can be altered by site-directed mutagenesis without loss of RNA binding affinity or the RNA-regulated kinase activity. Introduction of cysteine residues at other sites in the PKR RBD allows for site-specific modification with thiol-selective reagents. PKR RBD mutants reacted selectively with a maleimide to introduce a photoactivatable cross-linking aryl azide at three different positions in the protein. RNA crosslinking efficiency was found to be dependent on the amino acid modified, suggesting differences in access to the RNA from these positions in the protein. One of the amino acid modifications that led to crosslinking of the RNA is located at a residue known to be an autophosphorylation site, suggesting that autophosphorylation at this site could influence the RNA binding properties of PKR. The PKR RBD conjugates described here and other similar reagents prepared via these methods are applicable to future studies of PKR-RNA complexes using techniques such as photocrosslinking, fluorescence resonance energy transfer and affinity cleaving.
Measure and Integral (1977)

Now considered a classic text on the topic, Measure and Integral: An Introduction to Real Analysis provides an introduction to real analysis by first developing the theory of measure and integration in the simple setting of Euclidean space, and then presenting a more general treatment based on abstract notions characterized by axioms and with less
Myocardial perfusion with [11C]methyl triphenyl phosphonium: measurements of the extraction fraction and myocardial uptake. (1994)

The present study describes extraction fraction and uptake measurements of the [11C]methyl triphenyl phosphonium (11C-MTP), a promising positron emission tomography (PET) agent for cardiac imaging. PET imaging was performed in mongrel dogs. Under physiological flow conditions 11C-MTP uptake reached a maximum within the first 10 minutes after injection and remained constant during the entire observation period of 80 minutes. Over the same time period, the heart/blood ratio was 46-106:1, and the heart/lung ratio 14:1. Following permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, 11C-MTP uptake in the normally perfused myocardium also reached a maximum at 10 minutes after injection, whereas in the infarcted area there was no significant accumulation of 11C-MTP. For a time period of 80 minutes the noninfarcted/infarcted myocardium ratio was 12:1. Extraction was measured in anesthetized dogs with a double isotope method using 99mTc-HSA as the reference tracer. The extraction fraction was 91% at a flow of 69 mL/min/100g. As flow increased to five-fold (342 mL/min/100g) following administration of adenosine, extraction fell to 61%. Following coronary artery occlusion, the 11C-MTP content in the myocardium was highly correlated (r = 0.93, p < 0.01; y = 10.46 + 0.92x) with the microsphere determined regional myocardial blood flow.
Vocal identification of speaker and emotion activates differerent brain regions (1997)

Regional cerebral blood flow was measured in six healthy volunteers by positron emission tomography during identification of speaker and emotion from spoken words. The speaker identification task activated several audio-visual multimodal areas, particularly the temporal poles in both hemispheres, which may be involved in connecting vocal attributes with the visual representations of speakers. The emotion identification task activated regions in the cerebellum and the frontal lobe, suggesting a functional relationship between those regions involved in emotion. The results suggest that different anatomical structures contribute to the vocal identification of speaker and emotion.
Oral Anticoagulant Drugs (1991)

The vitamin K-antagonist drugs were reviewed in the Journal in the early 1970s.1 , 2 Since then, there has been considerable progress in research at both a basic and an applied level. The mode of action of coumarins has been clarified; their role in the management of thromboembolic disorders has been more clearly defined; a system has been developed to standardize the measurement of their anticoagulant effect3; and their safety has been improved for a number of indications without compromising efficacy, through the use of a lower degree of anticoagulation than formerly in North America.4 Warfarin (a 4-hydroxycoumarin compound) is the . . .
Genipin, a Novel Fingerprint Reagent With Colorimetric and Fluorogenic Activity, Part II: Optimization, Scope and Limitations (2005)

Genipin, a hydrolytic product of geniposide extracted from gardenia fruit, was thoroughly studied as a potential fingerprint reagent, and optimal conditions for fingerprint development have been determined. Latent fingerprints on paper items that have been treated with a non-ink running formulation containing 0.17% of the reagent, showed up as both colored and fluorescent images. On brown wrapping paper and on papers with highly luminescent backgrounds, genipin developed more visible and clearer prints than did classical reagents such as ninhydrin or DFO. Another potential advantage of genipin is that it is totally harmless and an environmentally friendly reagent.
Anticancer activities of<i>Withania somnifera</i>: Current research, formulations, and future perspectives (2015)

This herb holds an important place among various anticancer medicinal plants. It is very essential to further screen and to investigate different formulations for anticancer therapy in vitro as well as in vivo in combination with established chemotherapy.
Domain-specific fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors of metallothionein/thionein (2005)

Each of the two domains of mammalian metallothioneins contains a zinc-thiolate cluster. Employing site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification, fluorescent probes were introduced into human metallothionein (isoform 2) with minimal perturbations of the structures of these clusters. The resulting FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) sensors are specific for each domain. The design and construction of a sensor for the alpha-domain cluster is based on a FRET pair where a C-terminally added tryptophan serves as the donor for a fluorescence acceptor attached to a free cysteine in the linker region between the two domains. Molecular modeling studies and steady-state fluorescence polarization anisotropy measurements suggest unrestricted motion of the tryptophan donor, but limited motion of the AEDANS ([[(amino)ethyl]amino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid) acceptor, putting constraints on the use of the alpha-domain sensor with this FRET pair as a spectroscopic ruler. The fluorescent metallothioneins allow distance measurements during binding and removal of metals in the individual domains. The overall dimensions of the apoprotein, thionein, for which no structural information is available, do not seem to be significantly different from those of the holoprotein. The single- and double-labeled fluorescent metallothioneins overcome a longstanding impediment in studies of the function of this protein, namely its lack of intrinsic probe characteristics.
Emerging Role of α2,6-Sialic Acid as a Negative Regulator of Galectin Binding and Function (2010)

Galectins are β-galactoside-binding lectins that regulate diverse cell behaviors, including adhesion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Galectins can be expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly, and extracellular galectins mediate their effects by associating with cell-surface oligosaccharides. Despite intensive current interest in galectins, strikingly few studies have focused on a key enzyme that acts to inhibit galectin signaling, namely β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-I). ST6Gal-I adds an α2,6-linked sialic acid to the terminal galactose of N-linked glycans, and this modification blocks galectin binding to β-galactosides. This minireview summarizes the evidence suggesting that ST6Gal-I activity serves as an "off switch" for galectin function.
Sperm Capacitation by Uterine Fluid or Beta-Amylase in vitro (1965)

Rabbit sperm developed the capacity to fertilize ova when incubated in utero or in vitro in fluids from estrous uteri. Incubation of sperm with beta-amylase in phosphate-buffered Locke's solution also resulted in capacitation. The data suggest that sperm capacitation involves enzymatic alteration of carbo-hydrate-containing seminal macromolecules which coat sperm and inhibit fertilization.
Finite elements versus experimental for a CFRP structure (2016)

Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under project UID/CTM/50025/2013 and scholarship SFRH / BD / 51106 / 2010
Deep learning for epileptic intracranial EEG data (2016)

Detection algorithms for electroencephalography (EEG) data typically employ handcrafted features that take advantage of the signal's specific properties. In the field of interictal epileptic discharge (IED) detection, the feature representation that provides optimal classification performance is still an unresolved issue. In this paper, we consider deep learning for automatic feature generation from epileptic intracranial EEG data in the time domain. Specifically, we consider convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in a subject independent fashion and demonstrate that meaningful features, representing IEDs are automatically learned. The resulting model achieves state of the art classification performance, provides insights for the different types of IEDs within the group, and is invariant to time differences between the IEDs. This study suggests that automatic feature generation via deep learning is suitable for IEDs and EEG in general.
Dynamic Routing for Priority Shipments in LTL Service Networks (2000)

Currently, less-than-truckload (LTL) carriers route both the regular and the priority shipments through their service networks using some fixed route patterns, known as load plans. In this paper, we consider an alternative strategy for routing priority shipments in LTL networks. This strategy exploits the stochasticity and dynamism embedded in the routing process where the real-time information at the current terminal (such as the loading status of trailers and the arrival of shipments) and the expected travel times from its neighboring terminals to the destination are used to route shipments adaptively. We show that this strategy can be approximated by the problem of finding dynamic shortest paths over a network with random arc costs. We develop an efficient algorithm to compute the expected travel times of these paths. These times can then be used when we implement the proposed strategy. In the numerical testing with real data, we observe that the level of service for priority shipments can be improved significantly.
Use of ilmenite as an oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion-batch and continuous dual fluidized bed investigation (2011)

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a novel way of burning carbonaceous fuel in which CO2 can be inherently separated. Though this technology is suitable for gaseous fuels, recently efforts have made to adopt this technology for solid fuels such as coal. Ilmenite as a suitable oxygen carrier for coal chemical looping combustion is investigated with respect to relevant chemical looping combustion properties. A parametric study conducted in a bubbling fluidized bed is presented in which the following are examined: ilmenite oxygen carrying capacity, ilmenite reactivity with gaseous and solid fuels with respect to redox cycle number, rate of coal conversion in the presence of ilmenite, and the influence of temperature on gas yield, conversion, and gas speciation during coal CLC. The conversion of syngas with ilmenite is best when ilmenite is fully oxidized; reactivity reduces as ilmenite is reduced. The reactivity of ilmenite with snygas increases with redox cycle number over the first cycles and close to 100% syngas conversion was measured. The carbon conversion was low at 900 °C but improved with increasing temperature. Likewise, the rate of gasification increased with increasing temperature approximately doubling when increasing the temperature from 900 to 950 °C. Furthermore, an equalmolar CO- H2 syngas was combusted at 900 °C in IFK’s CLC dual fluidized bed system using ilmenite as the oxygen carrier resulting in a steady-state conversion of circa 90%.
Use of a Promoter Trap To Identify <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Genes Regulated by Tomato Seed Exudate and a Rhizosphere Resident, <i>Pseudomonas aureofaciens</i> (2003)

The goal of this study was to identify genes in Bacillus cereus, a bacterium commonly associated with plant seeds and roots, that are affected by compounds originating from a host plant, tomato, or another rhizosphere resident, Pseudomonas aureofaciens. We constructed a B. cereus chromosomal DNA library in a promoter-trap plasmid, pAD123, which contains a promoterless version of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, gfpmut3a. The library was screened by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting for clones showing a change in GFP expression in response to either tomato seed exudate or culture supernatant of P. aureofaciens strain 30-84. We identified two clones carrying genes that were induced by the presence of tomato seed exudate and nine clones carrying genes that were repressed by P. aureofaciens culture supernatant. A clone chosen for further study contained an open reading frame, designated lipA, that encodes a deduced protein with a lipoprotein signal peptide sequence similar to lipoproteins in B. subtilis. Expression of gusA under control of the lipA promoter increased twofold when cells were exposed to tomato seed exudate and in a concentration-dependent manner when exposed to a mixture of amino acids. When the wild type and a 10-fold excess of a lipA mutant were applied together to tomato seeds, 2 days after planting, the wild type displayed medium-dependent culturability, whereas the lipA mutant was unaffected. This study demonstrates the power of a promoter trap to identify genes in a gram-positive bacterium that are regulated by the biotic environment and resulted in the discovery of lipA, a plant-regulated gene in B. cereus.
Antigenic differences in the surface mannoproteins of Candida albicans as revealed by monoclonal antibodies (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies to Candida albicans were prepared with blastoconidia bearing germ tubes used as the immunogen. Four antibodies reacted by immunofluorescence with surfaces of C. albicans as well as Candida stellatoidea, Candida tropicalis, and several strains of C. albicans, but not with Torulopsis glabrata. One antibody reacted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the monoclonal antibodies precipitated material of approximately 200 kilodaltons when tested against metabolically labeled blastoconidia digests. The monoclonal antibodies exhibited heterogeneous staining of C. albicans surfaces, as shown by immunofluorescence. None of the monoclonal antibodies were specific to germ tubes. More importantly, however, two of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with the mannoprotein precipitin arc of C. albicans that was produced by reference rabbit polyclonal antisera by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, thus linking the heterogeneity seen by immunofluorescence to the heterogeneity in mannoproteins. Finally, three of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with a glycan fraction of cell digests, indicating their reactivity with the carbohydrate portion of the mannoprotein.
EGF‐related peptides are involved in the proliferation and survival of MDA‐MB‐468 human breast carcinoma cells (1999)

A majority of human breast carcinomas co-express the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptides CRIPTO (CR), amphiregulin (AR) and transforming growth factor α (TGF-α). MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells express CR, AR and TGFα, while SK-BR-3 cells express CR and TGF-α. Anti-sense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (AS S-oligos) directed against either CR or TGF-α inhibit the proliferation of both cell lines. A 40–50% growth inhibition was observed at a 2-μM concentration of each AS S-oligo. Treatment with the AR AS S-oligo also resulted in a significant inhibition of MDA-MB-468 anchorage dependent growth (ADG). No significant growth inhibition was observed when MDA-MB-468 or SK-BR-3 cells were treated with a mis-sense S-oligo. The AS S-oligos inhibited the expression of AR, CR or TGF-α proteins and mRNAs, as assessed by immuno-cytochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. An additive growth-inhibitory effect was observed when MDA-MB-468 cells were treated with a combination of EGF-related AS S-oligos. Indeed, treatment of MDA-MB-468 cells with a combination of AR, CR and TGF-α AS S-oligos resulted in about 70% growth inhibition at a concentration of 0.7 μM each. Finally, treatment of MDA-MB-468 cells with a combination either of the 3 AS S-oligos or of an EGF receptor-blocking antibody (MAb 225) and either CR, AR or TGFα AS S-oligos resulted in a significant increase in DNA fragmentation. Our data suggest that the EGF-related peptides are involved in the proliferation and survival of breast carcinoma cells. Int. J. Cancer 80:589–594, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cost-efficient approximation of linear systems with repeated and multi-channel filtering configurations (2002)

It is possible to obtain either exact realizations or useful approximations of linear systems or matrix-vector products arising in many different applications, by synthesizing them in the form of repeated or multi-channel filtering operations in fractional Fourier domains, resulting in much more efficient implementations with acceptable reduction in accuracy. By varying the number and configuration of the filter blocks, which may take the form of arbitrary flow graphs, it is possible to trade off between accuracy and efficiency in the desired manner. The proposed scheme constitutes a systematic way of exploiting the information inherent in the regularity or structure of a given linear system or matrix, even when that structure is not readily apparent.