gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Method for Nanofibre Yarn Production Using Two Differently Charged Nozzles (2009)

In this study a new method of yarn production from electrospun nanofibres is discussed. This method is an innovation in electrospinning, using two differently charged nozzles and a collector travelling through the air to form yarn continuously. In this project PAN electrospun nanofibres were used to produce twisted yarn with a linear density of 2.1 tex at labora tory scale. The tensile properties of these yarns were then investigated. With this method it is possible to produce yarns with different polymers and linear densities.
The Therapeutic Community—Concept, Practice and Future (1965)

The last twenty years have seen the rise and dominance in institutional psychiatry of a remarkable notion—“the therapeutic Community”. It is both an attitude and a method, a system of treatment and a battle cry, a charm and a password. I have been fortunate to take some part in applying this notion to one part of the field of inpatient psychiatric treatment and have attempted, while doing so, to study the effects of what we did.
Block copolymer directed self-assembly (DSA) aware contact layer optimization for 10 nm 1D standard cell library (2013)

At the 10 nm technology node, the contact layers of integrated circuits (IC) designs are too dense to be printed by single exposure using 193 nm immersion (193i) lithography. Among all the emerging patterning approaches, block copolymer directed self-assembly (DSA) is a promising candidate with high throughput and low cost for sub-20 nm features. Traditionally, the study of DSA has focused on achieving periodic regular patterns over large area. Realizing that long range order is not needed for patterning irregularly distributed contact holes, we use topographical guiding templates to alter the natural symmetry of block copolymer and achieve controlled irregular DSA patterns. However, DSA patterning must satisfy the overlay accuracy requirements while the guiding templates also need to be printable by conventional lithography. This presents a unique opportunity of DSA patterning and layout design co-optimization for improving the manufacturability of DSA. This paper discusses the DSA-aware contact layer optimization problem for 10 nm 1D standard cell library. For the first time we propose a cost function for each DSA template based on its overlay accuracy performance. Then given a standard cell library, we simultaneously optimize the layouts of every cell, such that the contact layer of any cell in the library can be fully patterned by a set of guiding templates, and the total cost of the templates is minimal. This optimization problem is first proved to be NP-hard and formulated as a Weighted Partial Maximum Satisfiability (MAX-SAT) problem, which can be optimally solved with a public SAT solver. Then we propose a bounded approximation algorithm that solves the problem much more efficiently. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach is remarkably promising in practice and validate the proposed optimization problem.
Mobility robustness optimization based on UE mobility for LTE system (2010)

Self-organizing networks (SON) for cellular systems are emerging as an important technology to reduce the cost of network deployment and maintenances. Mobility robustness optimization (MRO) is one of the main use cases of SON and has been intensively studied in 3GPP working groups. In this paper, we take the user equipment (UE) speed into account to solve the MRO problem. We propose a US-MRO algorithm, which assigns different Hysteresis parameters to UEs with different speed. The simulation results show that the success rate of Handover (HO) is improved and user experience is enhanced by the US-MRO algorithm.
Investigation and repair of an auxiliary boiler explosion (1987)

Abstract On August 1, 1985, an accident occurred at Triad Chemical damaging portions of the primary reformer. The accident was caused by ignition of natural gas pockets which entered the system during attempts to light an auxiliary boiler burner. The article reviews the cause of the accident, the resulting damage, the required repair, and the modifications made to prevent a recurrence.
Design and Development of the First Peptide-Chelating Bisphosphane Bioconjugate from a Novel Functionalized Phosphorus(III) Hydride Synthon (1999)

Remarkable oxidative stability is shown by the carboxylate-functionalized primary bisphosphane 1. Compound 1 can be used in conjugation reactions with biomolecules for functionalization through the COOH group without prior protection of PH<sub>2</sub> groups. A novel water-soluble bisphosphane was obtained by reaction of the PH<sub>2</sub> groups of 1 with formaldehyde under mild conditions.
Topical combination of diclofenac, calcipotriol, and difluoromethylornithine has beneficial effects comparable to 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer in mice (2013)

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common form of skin cancer. Owing to the significant adverse effects of existing treatments, alternatives are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of topically administered combination therapy and 5-flurouracil (5-FU) for the treatment of UVB induced NMSC in a mouse model. Ninety-six SKH-1 mice were randomized to one placebo group and two treatment groups (diclofenac+calcitriol+difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and 5-FU). After UVB radiation for 20 weeks, the mice with tumours were treated topically for the following 17 weeks. Both treatments significantly reduced the number of tumours, number of mice with tumours as well as tumour area size compared with placebo. As the clinical use of 5-FU may induce more adverse effects, a combination of diclofenac+calcitriol+DFMO could be a promising alternative. Human studies are warranted to determine the beneficial effects and possible adverse effects of this new treatment.
A dual-band RF energy harvesting circuit using 4th order dual-band matching network (2017)

A novel compact rectifier for dual-band operation in the RF energy harvesting is presented. The circuit comprises a 4th order dual-band impedance matching and a single-series circuit with one double diode, both are integrating into a compact shape to occupy a small area of $ 30\times 35 \, \text{ mm}^{2} $. The merit of the proposed rectifier circuit is that it can be extended to n number of the frequency band by using only $ 2\times n $ matching elements. To validate the design method experimentally, a prototype of a dual-band rectifier is fabricated for two public telecommunication bands of GSM-900 and 1800. In order to reduce the circuit complexity and sensitivity arising due to lumped elements, the meander line and the open stub are used to realize the proposed circuit. A good agreement is obtained between the simulation and the measurement. The measured results show that the proposed rectifier circuit exhibits the conversion efficiency of 25.7 and 65% for an input power of $ -20 $ and 0 dBm, respectively. In addition, diode nonlinearity which affects the performance of the rectifier in terms of impedance matching is also investigated.
Problems (1987)

Erwin Just, , Daniel B. Shapiro, Bostwick Wyman, M. S. Klamkin, John W. Goppelt, 1986 U.S.A. Mathematical Olympiad, John Sawka, John P. Hoyt, David Gale, Joan Hutchinson, Stan Wagon, Clark Kimberling, Noam Elkies, Bruce Hanson, Stephen Wayne Coffman, Bruce Shawyer, Hans Kappus, Bruce C. Berndt, Richard Johnsonbaugh, Edwin M. Klein, Problems, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 60, No. 2 (Apr., 1987), pp. 114-120
Organ Donation after Cardiac Death (2007)

Interview with Francis Delmonico and Michael Grodin on organ donation after cardiac death. (11:16)Download Although the numbers of organ donors and transplantations in the United States have more than doubled over the past 20 years (see line graph), the demand for organs continues to dwarf the supply. In 2006, there were about 29,000 solid-organ transplantations; as of June 2007, there were about 97,000 people on waiting lists for organ transplantation.About three of every four organs that are transplanted are recovered from deceased donors. The most rapid increase in the rate of organ recovery from deceased persons has occurred in the category of donation after “cardiac death” — that is, a death declared on the . . .
Molecular Beam Epitaxy Study of Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>x</sub> Using NO<sub>2</sub> as an Oxidizing Agent (1990)

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO x films has been studied using NO 2 as an oxidizing agent. The in situ RHEED and the XPS observations have shown that a two-dimensional layer of the Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO x phase is formed on a SrTiO 3 (100) surface even at 300°C under 2×10 -7 Torr of NO 2 .
Bioartificial Liver Support System Using Porcine Hepatocytes Entrapped in a Three‐Dimensional Hollow Fiber Module with Collagen Gel: An Evaluation in the Swine Acute Liver Failure Model (1999)

The perfusion culture system of hepatocytes entrapped in a three-dimensional hollow fiber module with collagen gel is expected to realize an effective bioartificial liver (BAL) support system. The BAL module contained 5.4 billion porcine hepatocytes, which is approximately 7% of the total liver, supplied adequate metabolic functions, and improved the survival of the experimental acute liver failure swine. Improvement of the prothrombin time by the BAL treatment was not significant; however, the bleeding tendency was suppressed, which resulted in a significantly prolonged survival time of the animals in the BAL treatment group. A drastic up-regulation of the expression of the mRNA for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), which is known as an inhibitor for fibrinolysis, may explain the suppression of the bleeding tendency. These results support the efficacy of our BAL system for the treatment of acute liver failure.
Production of TNF-α, IL-12(p40) and IL-17 Can Discriminate between Active TB Disease and Latent Infection in a West African Cohort (2010)

We found that TNF-alpha production following EC stimulation and TNF-alpha and IL-12(p40) following TB10.4 stimulation were significantly higher from TB cases compared to TST+ HHC, while production of IFN-gamma and IL-13 were significantly higher from TST+ compared to TST- HHC following PPD or EC stimulation. Combined analysis of TNF-alpha, IL-12(p40) and IL-17 following TB10.4 stimulation resulted in 85% correct classification into TB cases or TST+ HHC. 74% correct classification into TST+ or TST- HHC was achieved with IFN-gamma alone following TB10.4 stimulation (69% following EC) and little enhancement was seen with additional cytokines. We also saw a tendency for TB cases infected with M. africanum to have increased TNF-alpha and IL-10 production compared to those infected with M. tuberculosis. Our results provide further insight into the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and may enhance the specificity of the currently available diagnostic tests, particularly for diagnosis of active TB.
Development of a noninvasive monitoring instrument for serum Indocyanine Green dye concentration (1992)

A noninvasive instrument to monitor serum Indocyanine Green (ICG) dye removal by the liver, which uses a new analytical method and an optical sensor, has been developed. The principal elements of the optical sensor are two light-emitting diodes at 810- and 940-nm wavelengths and a photodiode to detect light transmittance through the fingertip. A new analytical calibration method to compensate for the effect of blood volume variations has been developed. Thereby, only ICG concentration could be extracted. In addition, through clinical evaluation of hepatic disease patients, the correlation between serum ICG disappearance rates by this method and the conventional blood sampling method has been confirmed as evidence of its usefulness.
Inflammatory Pathway Gene Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2006)

There is overexpression of four major genes of the inflammatory pathway (IL-6, IL-12A, IL-13, and TNF-alpha (2)) in patients with CRS compared with the normal population. Defining gene expression profiles may help elucidate new key factors in the pathogenesis of CRS and perhaps aid in the development of new therapeutic modalities.
Porous Multilayer-Coated AFM Tips for Dip-Pen Nanolithography of Proteins (2009)

A simple and novel method for fabricating nanoporous-structure-coated silicon nitride tips for dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) by using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique has been developed. The pore sizes can be adjusted by treating the LbL films coated onto the amino-terminated self-assembled monolayer (NH(2)-SAM)-functionalized AFM tip surface with a base solution for different periods of time. This hydrophilic porous material can absorb biomolecules easily and also provides a larger-volume ink reservoir compared with a bare silicon nitride tip. Proof-of-concept of the porous AFM tip is demonstrated by using fluorescent proteins as ink molecules to fabricate protein patterns at the micrometer and submicrometer length scales.
Human EEG dimensionality and depth of anesthesia (2002)

Although the brain is the target organ of anesthesia, the electroencephalogram (EEG) is not routinely monitored during anesthetic procedures. This is due primarily to the difficulty of interpreting changes in the complex EEG waveform with respect to anesthetic conditions. Most attempts at developing EEG derived variables have been based on spectral analysis. In this study the EEG is examined as a non-linear dynamic system that may exhibit chaotic behavior. Using this approach the EEG signal can be characterized by its fractal dimension based on a phase space geometric reconstruction of the EEG time series. Eight human subjects were studied at three anesthetic levels (light, nominal, and deep anesthesia). The dimensionality of EEG samples from these subjects is shown to decrease with increasing anesthetic depth. This property may prove important in the classification of brain activity and may have clinical utility as a diagnostic tool.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Day and Night: Metabolic Profiles and Evolutionary Relationships of Six Axenic Non-Marine Cyanobacteria (2018)

Cyanobacteria are dominant primary producers of various ecosystems and they colonize marine as well as freshwater and terrestrial habitats. On the basis of their oxygenic photosynthesis they are known to synthesize a high number of secondary metabolites, which makes them promising for biotechnological applications. State-of-the-art sequencing and analytical techniques and the availability of several axenic strains offer new opportunities for the understanding of the hidden metabolic potential of cyanobacteria beyond those of single model organisms. Here, we report comprehensive genomic and metabolic analyses of five non-marine cyanobacteria, that is, Nostoc sp. DSM 107007, Anabaena variabilis DSM 107003, Calothrix desertica DSM 106972, Chroococcidiopsis cubana DSM 107010, Chlorogloeopsis sp. PCC 6912, and the reference strain Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Five strains that are prevalently belonging to the order Nostocales represent the phylogenetic depth of clade B1, a morphologically highly diverse sister lineage of clade B2 that includes strain PCC 6803. Genome sequencing, light and scanning electron microscopy revealed the characteristics and axenicity of the analyzed strains. Phylogenetic comparisons showed the limits of the 16S rRNA gene for the classification of cyanobacteria, but documented the applicability of a multilocus sequence alignment analysis based on 43 conserved protein markers. The analysis of metabolites of the core carbon metabolism showed parts of highly conserved metabolic pathways as well as lineage specific pathways such as the glyoxylate shunt, which was acquired by cyanobacteria at least twice via horizontal gene transfer. Major metabolic changes were observed when we compared alterations between day and night samples. Furthermore, our results showed metabolic potential of cyanobacteria beyond Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 as model organism and may encourage the cyanobacterial community to broaden their research to related organisms with higher metabolic activity in the desired pathways.
Electrical characteristics and electron heating mechanism of an inductively coupled argon discharge (1994)

The external electrical characteristics of inductively coupled argon RF discharges at 13.56 MHz have been measured over a wide range of power at gas pressures ranging from 3 mTorr to 3 Torr. External parameters, such as coil voltage, current and phase shift, were measured. From these measurements the equivalent discharge resistance and reactance, the power transfer efficiency and the coupling coefficient between the primary coil and the plasma were determined as a function of discharge power and gas pressure. The efficient RF power transfer and the large value of the effective electron collision frequency found here at low gas pressure suggest some collisionless electron heating mechanisms. This mechanism is identified as non-local electron heating in the inhomogeneous RF field due to spatial dispersion of the plasma conductivity.
Curcumin-induced Histone Hypoacetylation Enhances Caspase-3-dependent Glioma Cell Death and Neurogenesis of Neural Progenitor Cells (2006)

Acetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins is an important post-translational modification involved in the regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells. Dysfunction of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) is often associated with the manifestation of several diseases. In this report, HATs are new targets for the development of therapeutics. Our studies first proved that curcumin induces histone hypoacetylation in brain cancer cells and finally induces apoptotic cell death through a (PARP)- and caspase 3-mediated manner. In addition, curcumin induces recontrolling of neural stem cell fates. It induces effective neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and migration of neural progenitor cells in vitro in brain-derived adult neural stem cells. We also confirmed the neurogenic effect of curcumin in our in vivo experiments. Curcumin actively suppressed differentiation in astrocytes while promoting differentiation into the neurons associated with decrease of histone H3 and H4 acetylation. We suggest that histone hypoacetylation plays an important role in determine stem cell fate through controlling the simultaneous expression of many genes. Thus, the present finding that curcumin, a nontoxic dietary compound, is a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor would supply a new window to understand further the molecular mechanism of histone acetylase inhibitors (HAI) in cancer and neural stem cells and provide a new target molecule for treating central nervous system disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a New Lewis Base‐Tolerant Chiral LBA and Its Application to Catalytic Asymmetric Protonation Reaction. (2010)

Abstract The new system efficiently catalyzes the asymmetric protonation of silyl enol ethers of 2‐substituted cyclic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Regeneration of Stereocenters: A Practical Enantiospecific Synthesis of LFA‐1 Antagonist BIRT‐377. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visible Light-Driven Water Oxidation by Ir Oxide Clusters Coupled to Single Cr Centers in Mesoporous Silica (2006)

Visible light-induced water oxidation has been demonstrated at an Ir oxide nanocluster coupled to a single CrVI site on the pore surface of MCM-41 mesoporous silica. The photocatalytic unit was assembled by the reaction of surface Cr=O groups with Ir(acac)3 precursor followed by calcination at 300 degrees C and bond formation monitored by FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. High-resolution Z-contrast electron micrographs of the calcined material combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spot analysis confirmed the occlusion of Ir oxide nanoparticles inside the mesopores. Oxygen evolution of an aqueous suspension of the IrxOy-CrMCM-41 upon visible light irradiation of the CrVI-O ligand-to-metal charge-transfer absorption was monitored mass-spectrometrically. Comparison of the product yields for samples with low Cr content (Cr/Si </= 0.02) and high Cr content (Cr/Si = 0.05) indicates that only isolated Cr centers are capable of extracting electrons from Ir oxide clusters, while di- or polychromate species are not. Water oxidation at a multielectron-transfer catalyst coupled to a single metal center has not been demonstrated before. The ability to drive water oxidation with a single metal center as electron pump offers opportunities for coupling the oxygen-evolving photocatalytic unit to reducing sites in the nanoporous scaffold.
Safety and Efficacy of Switching Injected Peptide Long-Acting Somatostatin Receptor Ligands to Once Daily Oral Paltusotine: ACROBAT Edge Phase 2 Study (2021)

Abstract Patients with acromegaly not cured by surgery are often initially treated with injected peptide long-acting somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs). Non-peptide small molecules can also activate the somatostatin receptor and do so with a high degree of precision for the target therapeutic receptor subtype. Paltusotine (formerly CRN00808) is a small molecule somatostatin type 2 (SST2) receptor agonist with high oral bioavailability (70%) and pharmacokinetic profile suitable for once daily dosing. In healthy volunteers, paltusotine has been shown to lower growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. We hypothesized that patients with acromegaly could switch from injected SRLs to once daily oral paltusotine while maintaining baseline IGF-1 levels. ACROBAT Edge (NCT03789656) was a single-arm study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of switching from injected SRLs to paltusotine in patients with acromegaly. The primary analysis population consisted of those who had not achieved normal IGF-1 levels despite stable therapy with long-acting octreotide or lanreotide. Eligible patients received their last injection of SRL 4 weeks prior to switching to once daily oral paltusotine monotherapy for a 13-week treatment period. The starting dose of 10 mg per day was uptitrated in 10 mg increments at specified study visits to a maximal dose of 40 mg per day based on protocol specified study drug toleration and IGF-1 criteria. The primary endpoint was change in IGF-1 from baseline to the completion of the 13-week treatment period. Statistical testing was based on non-parametric Wilcoxon Sign Rank test of whether the median change is different from zero. In addition, the rise in IGF-1 during a 4-week washout period was used to provide supportive evidence of efficacy. Twenty-five patients were enrolled in the primary analysis group, three patients discontinued from the study for non-study drug related reasons, two during the treatment period and one during the washout period after completing treatment. The primary endpoint was achieved as paltusotine treatment resulted in no significant change in IGF-1 levels at week 13 compared to baseline [change in IGF-1 =-0.034 (-0.107, 0.107), median (IQR), p&gt;0.6]. Of the 23 patients who completed the dosing period, 20 (87%) achieved IGF-1 levels at the end of treatment that were within 20% of baseline or lower. Median IGF-1 values rose significantly after paltusotine washout (p&lt;0.0001). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (&gt;10%) included: headache, arthralgia, fatigue, peripheral swelling, paresthesia and hyperhidrosis. There were no discontinuations due to adverse events and no treatment related serious adverse events. These results suggest that patients with acromegaly treated with injected SRLs can switch to oral paltusotine while maintaining IGF-1 and that paltusotine appeared to be well tolerated.