gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SPOT the Drug! An Unsupervised Pattern Matching Method to Extract Drug Names from Very Large Clinical Corpora (2012)

Although structured electronic health records are becoming more prevalent, much information about patient health is still recorded only in unstructured text. “Understanding” these texts has been a focus of natural language processing (NLP) research for many years, with some remarkable successes, yet there is more work to be done. Knowing the drugs patients take is not only critical for understanding patient health (e.g., for drug-drug interactions or drug-enzyme interaction), but also for secondary uses, such as research on treatment effectiveness. Several drug dictionaries have been curated, such as RxNorm, FDA's Orange Book, or NCI, with a focus on prescription drugs. Developing these dictionaries is a challenge, but even more challenging is keeping these dictionaries up-to-date in the face of a rapidly advancing field-it is critical to identify grapefruit as a “drug” for a patient who takes the prescription medicine Lipitor, due to their known adverse interaction. To discover other, new adverse drug interactions, a large number of patient histories often need to be examined, necessitating not only accurate but also fast algorithms to identify pharmacological substances. In this paper we propose a new algorithm, SPOT, which identifies drug names that can be used as new dictionary entries from a large corpus, where a “drug” is defined as a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease. Measured against a manually annotated reference corpus, we present precision and recall values for SPOT. SPOT is language and syntax independent, can be run efficiently to keep dictionaries up-to-date and to also suggest words and phrases which may be misspellings or uncatalogued synonyms of a known drug. We show how SPOT's lack of reliance on NLP tools makes it robust in analyzing clinical medical text. SPOT is a generalized bootstrapping algorithm, seeded with a known dictionary and automatically extracting the context within which each drug is mentioned. We define three features of such context: support, confidence and prevalence. Finally, we present the performance tradeoffs depending on the thresholds chosen for these features.
3-D Face Recognition Using Curvelet Local Features (2014)

In this letter, we present a robust single modality feature-based algorithm for 3-D face recognition. The proposed algorithm exploits Curvelet transform not only to detect salient points on the face but also to build multi-scale local surface descriptors that can capture highly distinctive rotation/displacement invariant local features around the detected keypoints. This approach is shown to provide robust and accurate recognition under varying illumination conditions and facial expressions. Using the well-known and challenging FRGC v2 dataset, we report a superior performance compared to other algorithms, with a 97.83% verification rate for probes with all facial expressions.
Wettability Index Determination from NMR Logs (2008)

A novel method is presented to determine the in-situ wettability of rocks from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs. The method is based on the fact that fluids experience additional relaxation when in direct contact with the rock surface. A reduction of the oil relaxation time away from its bulk value is generally known as a qualitative wettability indicator. Through detailed modeling of the NMR response, this concept has been further developed to provide a quantitative index. The new NMR based method has extensively been verified on core data against standard wettability tests such as Amott and USBM. The method is now being applied to NMR logs, allowing the wetting condition to be determined in-situ along the entire reservoir interval. The input is a standard T 2 acquisition as can be measured with all currently existing NMR logging tools; more stable results are obtained when using diffusion weighted acquisitions. The method has been tested on data from various fields with different types of rock, crude and wetting conditions.
GC/MS Identification of Tetramine in Samples from Human Alimentary Intoxication and Evaluation of Artificial Carbonic Kidneys for the Treatment of the Victims (1993)

One day in July 1991, 78 people became victims of accidental alimentary intoxication in a factory in Hebei Province, China. Related samples, including rodenticide bait, the artificial carbonic kidneys used for the treatment of the victims, and the victims' blood, were analyzed by GC/MS. Tetramine [80-12-6], a highly toxic rodenticide, was identified as the toxicant. The effectiveness of artificial carbonic kidneys was evaluated. The analytical results revealed that detoxification of the patients was effective 48 hours after intoxication by percolating their blood through artificial carbonic kidneys.
Design Optimization of a Vehicle B-Pillar Subjected to Roof Crush Using Mixed Reactive Taboo Search (2003)

The primary obstacle in automated design for crashworthiness is the heavy computational resources required during the optimization processes. Hence it is desirable to develop efficient optimization algorithms capable of finding good solutions without requiring too many model simulations. This paper presents an efficient mixed discrete and continuous optimization algorithm, Mixed Reactive Taboo Search (MRTS), and its application to the design of a vehicle B-Pillar subjected to roof crush conditions. The problem is sophisticated enough to explore the MRTS’ capability of identifying multiple local optima with a single optimization run, yet the associated finite element model (FEM) is not too large to make the computational resources required for global optimization prohibitive. The optimization results demonstrated that a single run of MRTS identified a set of better designs with smaller number of simulation runs, than multiple runs of Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) with several starting points.
Ribonuclease A as Effective Promoter for Unimolecular Invasion of Peptide Nucleic Acid to Double-stranded DNA (2016)

With the use of ribonuclease A (RNase A) as promoter, only one strand of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) efficiently invades double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), according to the Watson–Crick rule. The RNase A locally rewinds the dsDNA to facilitate unimolecular invasion, which otherwise hardly occurs. Furthermore, the single-stranded portion, formed at the invasion site in the dsDNA, is trapped by the protein.
DSM-III Disorders in Preadolescent Children (1987)

• We investigated the prevalence of<i>DSM-III</i>disorders in 792 children aged 11 years from the general population and found an overall prevalence of disorder of 17.6% with a sex ratio (boys-girls) of 1.7:1. The most prevalent disorders were attention deficit, oppositional, and separation anxiety disorders, and the least prevalent were depression and social phobia. Conduct disorder, overanxious disorder, and simple phobia had intermediate prevalences. Pervasive disorders, reported by more than one source, had an overall prevalence of 7.3%. Examination of background behavioral data disclosed that children identified at 11 years as having multiple disorders had a history of behavior problems since 5 years of age on parent and teacher reports. Fifty-five percent of the disorders occurred in combination with one or more other disorders, and 45% as a single disorder.
Distributed match-making for processes in computer networks (preliminary version) (1985)

In the very large multiprocessor systems and, on a gander scale, computer networks now emerging, processes are not tied to fixed processors but run on processors taken from a pool of processors. Processors are released when a process dies, migrates or when the process crashes. In distributed operating systems using the service concept, processes can be clients asking for a service, servers giving a service or both. Establishing communication between a process asking for a service and a process giving that service, without centralized control in a distributed environment with mobile processes, constitutes the problem of 1 distributed matchmaking. Logically, such a match-making phase precedes routing in store-and-forward d6mputer networks of this type. Algorithms for distributed match-making are developed and their complexity is investigated in terms of message passes and in terms of storage needed. The theoretical limitations of distributed matchmaking are established, and the techniques are applied to several network topologies.
Tandem Fusion of Hepatitis B Core Antigen Allows Assembly of Virus-Like Particles in Bacteria and Plants with Enhanced Capacity to Accommodate Foreign Proteins (2015)

The core protein of the hepatitis B virus, HBcAg, assembles into highly immunogenic virus-like particles (HBc VLPs) when expressed in a variety of heterologous systems. Specifically, the major insertion region (MIR) on the HBcAg protein allows the insertion of foreign sequences, which are then exposed on the tips of surface spike structures on the outside of the assembled particle. Here, we present a novel strategy which aids the display of whole proteins on the surface of HBc particles. This strategy, named tandem core, is based on the production of the HBcAg dimer as a single polypeptide chain by tandem fusion of two HBcAg open reading frames. This allows the insertion of large heterologous sequences in only one of the two MIRs in each spike, without compromising VLP formation. We present the use of tandem core technology in both plant and bacterial expression systems. The results show that tandem core particles can be produced with unmodified MIRs, or with one MIR in each tandem dimer modified to contain the entire sequence of GFP or of a camelid nanobody. Both inserted proteins are correctly folded and the nanobody fused to the surface of the tandem core particle (which we name tandibody) retains the ability to bind to its cognate antigen. This technology paves the way for the display of natively folded proteins on the surface of HBc particles either through direct fusion or through non-covalent attachment via a nanobody.
Users clustering concept: dynamic concentric cells performance in WCDMA system (2002)

The paper presents a concept named "users clustering" that consists of first segregating users having commonalities into different clusters and then allocating resources to each of the clusters, either in the frequency, time or code domains. The first operation, grouping the users, is made according to the whole user profile; radio parameters, such as the path loss experienced by the users, as well as some other criteria, independent from the radio link, are taken into account. Such parameters could be the required bit rate, the degree of asymmetry between the uplink and the downlink, the QoS required, etc., or any combination of these parameters. Dynamic features of this technique make it possible to cope with nonuniform user densities and traffic in a radio environment, which is one of the key characteristics of the third generation wireless. Some results are presented comparing clustering architecture with a classical architecture. An enhanced clustering concept is also introduced and evaluated by comparison.
Antifibrinolytic therapy of experimentally grown malignant brain tumors (1986)

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of an inhibitor of plasminogen activation on the growth of a human glioblastoma line grown in nude mice up to the seventh passage. The tumors produced plasminogen activators and showed histological characteristics similar to those of the original tumor. Three groups of mice were studied. Group A received 5% epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA); Group B received 2.5% EACA; and Group C served as a control. There was no statistical difference among the three groups with regard to: 1) age at time of tumor transplantation; 2) the interval between implant and treatment; or 3) tumor volume at time of treatment. Blood measurements of EACA, performed in a limited number of animals, have shown that the drug at 5% concentration had reached toxic levels. Statistically significant differences between the three groups were noted in the following categories: 1) rate of tumor growth; 2) tumor volume at time of death, where Group A had smaller tumors than Group C; and 3) mean survival times of Groups A and B as compared to Group C. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the rate of tumor growth and the length of survival of animals in Group C, while no correlation could be found for either Group A or B, indicating that the antifibrinolytic therapy modified this important biological variable. This study supports the hypothesis that the fibrinolytic system plays a role in the growth and development of malignant gliomas and that interference with the fibrinolytic system may retard the growth of these tumors grown in nude mice.
Rheological Behavior of Concentrated Bitumen in Water Emulsions (2000)

The effect of bitumen concentration and mean drop diameter and distribution on the rheological behavior of bitumen in water emulsions was investigated. Results obtained showed that the emulsion viscosity is severely affected by the type of drop size distribution. In fact, emulsions with a bimodal drop diameter distribution exhibit viscosity values which were at least 1 order of magnitude lower than the viscosity of similar emulsions, having the same bitumen concentration and an equivalent mean drop diameter, but with a unimodal distribution. It was also found that concentrated bimodal emulsions behave like Newtonian fluids, while the unimodal counterparts are non-Newtonian and show some pseudoplasticity. Because of their very simple rheological behavior, bitumen in water bimodal emulsions are of great importance in the processes of transporting, handling, and commercializing extremely viscous hydrocarbons.
A new approach to dynamic self-tuning of database buffers (2008)

Current businesses rely heavily on efficient access to their databases. Manual tuning of these database systems by performance experts is increasingly infeasible: For small companies, hiring an expert may be too expensive; for large enterprises, even an expert may not fully understand the interaction between a large system and its multiple changing workloads. This trend has led major vendors to offer tools that automatically and dynamically tune a database system. Many database tuning knobs concern the buffer pool for caching data and disk pages. Specifically, these knobs control the buffer allocation and thus the cache miss probability, which has direct impact on performance. Previous methods for automatic buffer tuning are based on simulation, black-box control, gradient descent, and empirical equations. This article presents a new approach, using calculations with an analytically-derived equation that relates miss probability to buffer allocation; this equation fits four buffer replacement policies, as well as twelve datasets from mainframes running commercial databases in large corporations. The equation identifies a buffer-size limit that is useful for buffer tuning and powering down idle buffers. It can also replace simulation in predicting I/O costs. Experiments with PostgreSQL illustrate how the equation can help optimize online buffer partitioning, ensure fairness in buffer reclamation, and dynamically retune the allocation when workloads change. It is also used, in conjunction with DB2's interface for retrieving miss data, for tuning DB2 buffer allocation to achieve targets for differentiated service.
Low-energy electron reflectivity from graphene (2013)

Low-energy reflectivity of electrons from single- and multilayer graphene is examined both theoretically and experimentally. A series of minima in the reflectivity over the energy range of 0--8 eV are found, with the number of minima depending on the number of graphene layers. Using first-principles computations, it is demonstrated that a freestanding $n$-layer graphene slab produces $n\ensuremath{-}1$ reflectivity minima. This same result is also found experimentally for graphene supported on SiO${}_{2}$. For graphene bonded onto other substrates it is argued that a similar series of reflectivity minima is expected, although in certain cases an additional minimum occurs, at an energy that depends on the graphene-substrate separation and the effective potential in that space.
Expression spectra of matrix metalloproteinases in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (2004)

By combining suppression subtractive hybridization and microarray to examine gene expressions between metastatic and non-metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we have identified differential expression spectra of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Among MMPs, expressions of MMP-13, -14, -15 and -24 decreased, those of MMP-9, -11, -12, -16, -17, -19 and -23B did not change, and those of MMP-1, -2, -7, -8 and -10 increased dramatically. Overexpressions of MMP-1, -2, -7 and -10 were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In this study we further assessed the clinical significance of MMP-1, -2, -7 and -10. Specimens from 472 patients with completely resected NSCLC were examined by immunohistochemistry. The median follow-up period was 38 months (range, 2-113 months). Overexpression of MMP-1 was observed in 72.9% (n=344) of 472 patients, that of MMP-2 was 77.9% (n=352), MMP-7 63.3% (n=299) and that of MMP-10 was 27.1% (n=128). For patients with lymph node metastasis, MMP-1 and -2 overexpressions were not only independent prognostic factors for unfavorable outcome, but also associated with decreased survival (p=0.0015, and p=0.011 respectively). The present study showed that MMP expression spectrum in NSCLC was heterogeneous: expression of some MMP increased, some unchanged, while some decreased. Therefore, it should be worth determining MMP expression pattern as a regimen reference for NSCLC patients who were scheduled to receive MMP inhibitor, which was class-specific, as adjuvant therapeutic agent.
The Oxford Guide to Style (2002)

Oxford's style manual will be essential to users previously dependent on Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers (39th ed., 1986)--those preparing manuscripts for Oxford University Press and other British publishers--which Ritter revises and enlarges. Chapters cover general publication topics such as front matter and preparation of copy and proofs; editorial issues like punctuation, numbers, and capitalization; special conventions regarding science and mathematics; and "specialist subjects" including British and EU law, music, poetry, drama, and sacred works.
Artificial Intelligence (2017)

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) can be characterized as the investigation of computational systems that exhibit intelligent behavior (including algorithms and models used in these systems). The emphasis is not so much on understanding (human) cognitive processes as on producing models, algorithms, and systems that are capable of apparently intelligent behavior by whatever means available. The idea of AI has had a long history that can be traced all the way back to, for example, Leibniz. The idea was furthered through the development, early in this century, of mathematical logic, cybernetics, and information theory, all of which contributed to AI theorizing. Alan Turing's bold claim that machines can think, advanced in his famous 1950 paper, and the “Turing test” he proposed therein as a means to test the intelligence of machines predated and prompted the formation of AI. Six years later, the Dartmouth conference in 1956, the participants of which included Allen Newell, Herbert Simon, Marvin Minsky, and John McCarthy, inaugurated AI as an academic discipline. This contemporary version of AI was facilitated by the invention and rapidly widening use of digital computers. AI embodies an extremely diverse set of ideas that are often mutually conflicting (as in the case of symbolism versus connectionism), and its relationship with other fields studying cognition (such as psychology and linguistics) has been a close but uneasy one.
Active underwater acoustic attenuation coatings (1991)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Thomas Robert Howarth; Active underwater acoustic attenuation coatings. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 October 1991; 90 (4): 2203. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.401649 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Data access for the masses through OLE DB (1996)

This paper presents an overview of OLE DB, a set of interfaces being developed at Microsoft whose goal is to enable applications to have uniform access to data stored in DBMS and non-DBMS information containers. Applications will be able to take advantage of the benefits of database technology without having to transfer data from its place of origin to a DBMS. Our approach consists of defining an open, extensible Collection of interfaces that factor and encapsulate orthogonal, reusable portions of DBMS functionality. These interfaces define the boundaries of DBMS components such as record containers, query processors, and transaction coordinators that enable uniform, transactional access to data among such components. The proposed interfaces extend Microsoft's OLE/COM object services framework with database functionality, hence these interfaces are collectively referred to as OLE DB. The OLE DB functional areas include data access and updates (rowsets), query processing, schema information, notifications, transactions, security, and access to remote data. In a sense, OLE DB represents an effort to bring database technology to the masses. This paper presents an overview of the OLE DB approach and its areas of componentization.
Mobile interaction with the real world (2008)

The Mobile HCI community is moving beyond the interaction between a single user and her mobile device taking the users environment into account. Mobile interaction with the real world concentrates on using mobile devices as tools to interact with real world objects. This workshop continues the successful mobile interaction with the real world workshops 2006 and 2007. Relevant topics include (but are not limited to) mobile interaction with the real world; mobile devices as user interfaces for terminals; and Frameworks, middleware and APIs for the development of applications that take mobile interactions with the real world into account. The workshop combines technical presentations with the presentation of prototypes and focused discussions to drive interaction between participants.