gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Endothelin Antagonist Atrasentan Lowers Residual Albuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy (2014)

Despite optimal treatment, including renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy have high cardiorenal morbidity and mortality related to residual albuminuria. We evaluated whether or not atrasentan, a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist, further reduces albuminuria when administered concomitantly with maximum tolerated labeled doses of RAS inhibitors. We enrolled 211 patients with type 2 diabetes, urine albumin/creatinine ratios of 300-3500 mg/g, and eGFRs of 30-75 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in two identically designed, parallel, multinational, double-blind studies. Participants were randomized to placebo (n=50) or to 0.75 mg/d (n=78) or 1.25 mg/d (n=83) atrasentan for 12 weeks. Compared with placebo, 0.75 mg and 1.25 mg atrasentan reduced urine albumin/creatinine ratios by an average of 35% and 38% (95% confidence intervals of 24 to 45 and 28 to 47, respectively) and reduced albuminuria≥30% in 51% and 55% of participants, respectively. eGFR and office BP measurements did not change, whereas 24-hour systolic and diastolic BP, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels decreased significantly in both treatment groups. Use of atrasentan was associated with a significant increase in weight and a reduction in hemoglobin, but rates of peripheral edema, heart failure, or other side effects did not differ between groups. However, more patients treated with 1.25 mg/d atrasentan discontinued due to adverse events. After stopping atrasentan for 30 days, measured parameters returned to pretreatment levels. In conclusion, atrasentan reduced albuminuria and improved BP and lipid spectrum with manageable fluid overload-related adverse events in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy receiving RAS inhibitors.
Solubility of organic mixtures in water (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility of organic mixtures in waterSujit. BanerjeeCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1984, 18, 8, 587–591Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/es00126a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1128Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (630 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Raw Materials for Iron and Steel with X-ray Computed Tomographic Scanner (1986)

X-ray computed tomographic scanner (CTS) recently reported for iron and steel analysis by one of the present authors, has been applied in this paper to raw materials for iron and steel, especially iron ore sinter, in a series of study on application of computed tomographic scanner to non-medical purposes.High-voltage X-ray tube (max 420 kV, 3 mA) with an iron filter of 7 mm thickness was studied and used for high quality of tomographic images. Raw materials showed higher X-ray transmission than iron and steel and the total measuring time was shortened to 6 min. (data acquisition: 5 min, data processing: 1 min, total measuring time of iron and steel: 11 min)The images of iron ore sinter, taken by CTS were found to be well agreed with those observed by an optical microscope after cutting and polishing the sinter.Using the mini-computer and the displayer of CMA (Computer aidded Micro Analyzer), CTS data of the sinter were furthermore processed in order to obtain the quantitative information of pores and residual iron ores.It is concluded that CTS is a new apparatus suitable to analyze raw materiales for iron and steel.
I-124 Labeled recombinant human Annexin V produced by E. coli for apoptosis image using small animal PET (2008)

1293 Objectives: Annexin V labeled with radioisotope and optical probe has been used to detect apoptosis. To evaluate annexin V as a multimodal apoptosis image agent, large-scale preparation of Annexin V (AV) is prerequisite. The aim of this study is to produce and purify recombinant human Annexin V (rh-AV) in E. coli system and to evaluated radiolabeled rh-AV in vitro and in vivo apoptosis model system. Methods: Annexin V cDNA was obtained from human placenta and rh-AV cloned in E. coli pET 28a (+) vector, expressed and purified by His-Tag and T7-Tag resins. In camptothecin induced Jurkat T cell apoptosis model, AV-PI flow cytometry analysis and in vitro binding assay of I-124 rh-AV were performed and compared. Biodistributions and small animal PET images of I-124 AV and rh-AV were evaluated and compared in normal and Fas-madiated hepatic apoptosis Balb/c mice models. Results: Through two step purification process, rh-AV showed 35 Kd single band in SDS-PAGE. As camptothecin concentration increasing, AV-FITC positive % increased in flow cytometry analysis and uptake of I-124 rh-AV also increased. AV-FITC positive % was correlated with and uptake of I-124 rh-AV (R2=0.99). I-124 rh-AV showed faster blood clearance and lower non specific uptake (liver and kidney) than I-124 AV. In Fas-mediated hepatic apoptosis model, I-124 rh-AV (3.8 %ID/g) was more selectively localized in liver region of PET image than I-124 AV (3.49 %ID/g). Conclusions: Recombinant Human annexin V was produced by E. coli system and purified using two step affinity chromatography. Radiolabeled rh-AV was useful for the evaluation of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo model. Recombinant human annexin V could be used as apoptosis imaging agent with various radiolabel and optical probe.
Transdermal delivery of drugs by iontophoresis: a review. (1989)

The advantages and limitations, theory, and factors in the use of electric current to deliver drugs across the skin are discussed. Application of the technique in the delivery of local anaesthetics, antibiotics/antibacterials, mydriatics, vinca alkaloids, non-electrolytes, biogenic amines, peptides, and other agents is reviewed. It is concluded that the method alone, or in combination with phonophoresis (delivery via ultrasonic perturbation), offers considerable scope in the transdermal delivery of drugs.
Integrated Thermoelectric Generator and Application to Self-Powered Heating Systems (2006)

Self-powered space and water heating systems operate entirely on fuel combustion with no need for externally generated electricity. Excess power can be used to charge batteries or be fed into the household grid to provide electricity for other electrical loads. Self-powered heating systems have the potential for high overall energy efficiency and can be more reliable in providing heat during extreme weather conditions. They are also attractive for remote communities where connection to the grid is not cost effective. To realize this concept, we must develop a reliable, low maintenance and cost-effective means to generate electricity and integrate it into fuel-fired heating units. In the present work, we investigated combustion-heated thermoelectric generation and its application to self-powered heating systems. A thermoelectric module with a power generation capacity of 550 W was integrated into a gas-fired furnace. The tin-telluride-based thermoelectric module has a radial configuration. The effects of heat transfer conditions were studied in order to maximize electric power output. The performance of the thermoelectric device was examined at various operating conditions. We have shown that the technology is attractive and offers the potential for practical applications
Mono‐functional aminosilanes as primers for peptide functionalization (2008)

When covalently attaching biomolecules to surfaces such as titanium, trifunctional silanes are commonly used as primers to produce surface amine groups. However, these primed surfaces are rarely uniform in structure due to networking of the silane. Mono-functional aminosilanes may result in more uniform structures, although their long-term stability and effect on osteoblast cell responses are possible issues for orthopedic applications. This study examines for the first time the optimization of peptide coupling to titanium using mono-functional aminosilane reaction chemistry. The resultant surface topography, chemistry, and thicknesses were characterized showing improved surface uniformity compared with trifunctional silanized surfaces. The stability of the coatings was examined over a period of 8 days in environments of varying pH, temperature, and humidity. In addition, human osteosarcoma (HOS) cell adhesion and spreading on the samples was examined; adhesion was minimal on silanized surfaces, but after functionalization with cysteine the cell density was greater than the titanium control and showed no overall detrimental effect on initial cell responses.
Mitochondrial diseases of nuclear origin (2004)

Mitochondrial disorders of nuclear DNA (nDNA) origin include oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disorders (such as Leigh syndrome, paraganglioma); defects in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins for mtDNA integrity (progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) syndrome; and mitochondrial disorders with secondary effects on the OXPHOS system (Friedreich ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia). OXPHOS is a main function of mitochondria, that is, the oxidation of substrates to generate ATP produced by the cell. The large majority of the OXPHOS subunits are encoded in the nucleus. In addition, the nucleus also encodes a large number of proteins that are involved in OXPHOS complex assembly and maintenance, mtDNA replication, transcription, translation, and repair. OXPHOS disorders are associated with a diverse array of multisystem diseases often referred to as mitochondrial encephalomyopathies because of the prominent involvement of the central nervous system and the skeletal muscle. Once believed to be rare, it is now clear that OXPHOS deficiencies are an important cause of a wide range of neuromuscular, cardiac and endocrine disorders, and even some cancers. The prevalence of these diseases has been estimated at 1:11 000. In children most oxidative phosphorylation disorders are of nuclear origin, transmitted as autosomal recessive traits, usually with severe phenotypes and a fatal outcome. Mendelian oxidative phosphorylation disorders have also been described in adults, most of which result in a progressive loss of the integrity of mtDNA. Therapy is scarce and palliative in disorders associated with nuclear OXPHOS genes.
Effect of flavonoids on remineralization of artificial root caries (2015)

All three flavonoids showed positive effects on artificial root caries remineralization, which are significantly lower than that of 1000 ppm fluoride.
A software instruction counter (1989)

Although several recent papers have proposed architectural support for program debugging and profiling, most processors do not yet provide even basic facilities, such as an instruction counter. As a result, system developers have been forced to invent software solutions. This paper describes our implementation of a software instruction counter for program debugging. We show that an instruction counter can be reasonably implemented in software, often with less than 10% execution overhead. Our experience suggests that a hardware instruction counter is not necessary for a practical implementation of watch-points and reverse execution, however it will make program instrumentation much easier for the system developer.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL ISOMERIZATION OF 1-SILA-2,4-CYCLOHEXADIENES (1974)

Die Bestrahlung des Silacyclohexadiens (I) in Benzol liefert über das Produkt (II) als einziges Photoderivat die Bicycloverbindung (III).
High‐level expression of cecropin CMIV in E. coli from a fusion construct containing the human tumor necrosis factor (1997)

Cecropin CMIV gene was fused to the 3'-terminus of the mutated tumor necrosis factor (TNFb) gene and the fusion gene was directly under the control of an inducible T7 promoter in pET-11d. This fusion gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli with an expression level of approximate 40%-50% of total cellular proteins, and was produced mainly in the form of inclusion body. Peptide with antibacterial activity was obtained by cleaving the fusion protein with CNBr.
Review of crop growth and soil moisture monitoring from a ground‐based instrument implementing the Interference Pattern GNSS‐R Technique (2011)

Reflectometry using Global Navigation Satellite Systems signals (GNSSR) has been the focus of many studies during the past few years for a number of applications over different scenarios as land, ocean or snow and ice surfaces. In the past decade, its potential has increased yearly, with improved receivers and signal processors, from generic GNSS receivers whose signals were recorded in magnetic tapes to instruments that measure full Delay Doppler Maps (the power distribution of the reflected GNSS signal over the 2‐D space of delay offsets and Doppler shifts) in real time. At present, these techniques are considered to be promising tools to retrieve geophysical parameters such as soil moisture, vegetation height, topography, altimetry, sea state and ice and snow thickness, among others. This paper focuses on the land geophysical retrievals (topography, vegetation height and soil moisture) performed from a ground‐based instrument using the Interference Pattern Technique (IPT). This technique consists of the measurement of the power fluctuations of the interference signal resulting from the simultaneous reception of the direct and the reflected GNSS signals. The latest experiment performed using this technique over a maize field is shown in this paper. After a review of the previous results, this paper presents the latest experiment performed using this technique over a maize field. This new study provides a deeper analysis on the soil moisture retrieval by observing three irrigation‐drying cycles and comparing them to different depths soil moisture probes. Furthermore, the height of the maize, almost 300 cm, has allowed testing the capabilities of the technique over dense and packed vegetation layers, with high vegetation water content.
Detection of two new polymorphic sites in the human interleukin-1β gene (1997)

The pathogenesis of schizophrenia might involve abnormal development of the human brain. Interleukin-1 beta is a cytokine implicated in the development of the central nervous system and therefore its gene is a candidate gene in schizophrenia. Polymorphisms within the coding sequence and the 3'UTR of the IL1 beta gene were searched for using PCR-SSCP. Two polymorphisms, 1B-175/1B-173 and 1B-1765/1B-1763 were found in addition to the previously published TaqI site. Furthermore, a mutant was found in codon 106 (exon 5) of the IL1 beta gene located next to the published polymorphism at the TaqI site and abolishing this site. This novel mutation encodes an Asp in place of an Asn and was only observed in one patient in our French population. Association studies were conducted with the polymorphisms 1B-175/1B-173 and TaqI. There was no allelic or genotypic association between either of the two polymorphisms and schizophrenia. In our population, there is no evidence that the IL1 beta gene is involved in schizophrenia.
Inhibition of Measles Virus Replication by 5′-Nor Carbocyclic Adenosine Analogues (2001)

Despite intense efforts to increase vaccine coverage, measles virus (MV) still causes significant morbidity and mortality in the world, sometimes as the result of severe, chronic, lethal disease. In an effort to develop therapies to supplement immunization strategies, a number of 5'-nor carbocyclic adenosine analogues were evaluated for anti-MV activity in CV-1 monkey kidney cells. Of those compounds tested, those either unsubstituted at C4 or possessing a hydroxyl, azido or amino substituent at that position were the most active, with particularly significant inhibition of MV, strain Chicago-1. The EC50 values against this strain ranged from <0.1 to 1 mg/ml, as determined by cytopathic effect reduction assay, and confirmed by neutral red uptake. By virus yield reduction assay (+)-(1S,25,3R,4S)-4-(6'-amino-9'H-purin-9'-yl)cyclopentane-1,2,3-triol (2) (-)-(1R,2S,3R)-1-(6'-amino-9'H-purin-9'-yl)-2,3-dihydoxycyclopent-4-ene (3) (-)-(1R,2S,3R)-1-(6'-amino-9'H-purin-9'-yl)cyclopentane-2,3-dihydoxycyclopentane (5) and (-)-(1R,2R,3R,4S)-4-amino-1-(6'-amino-9'H-purin-9'-yl)cyclopentane-2,3-diol (8) were the most potent compounds tested, all with EC90 values of < or =0.4 mg/ml. Compounds 3 and 5 were also tested against other MV strains, and similarly inhibited those strains except for four designated as Bil, Edmonston, SA and X-1108. Compound 8 did not potently inhibit these other MV strains. In addition, 3, 5 and 8 demonstrated synergistic (additive) inhibition of MV replication in combination with ribavirin at several concentrations. Compounds 3, 5 and 8 were also potent MV inhibitors even when added to infected cells 24 h after virus exposure. None of these three compounds was virucidal at concentrations that inhibited viral replication as determined by virus yield reduction assay. Most compounds tested were also not toxic at concentrations >100 mg/ml in actively growing and stationary-phase cells. Results suggest that these compounds may be clinically useful anti-MV virus agents.
[Hepatitis C virus: sequence homology of a European isolate and divergence from the prototype]. (1991)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected specific hepatitis C viral (HCV) RNA sequences in liver biopsies from two patients with chronic hepatitis, in the tissue of a liver implantate, in plasma from four chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) patients and, for the first time, in an infectious anti-D-immunoglobulin preparation. A comparison of the viral sequences coding for a region for the nonstructural NS3 protein from the liver tissues revealed only a very small degree of sequence divergence on the cDNA as well as on the amino acid level (between 0 and 5%). The sequence similarities of the RNA isolated from plasma of the four chronic NANBH patients and the anti-D-immunoglobulin preparation were partly somewhat lower but altogether also high (between 90 and 100%). In contrast, all eight cDNA and amino acid sequences exhibited a significantly higher degree of divergence in comparison with the HCV prototype sequence (between 29 and 32%) than among themselves (between 0 and 10%). This unexpected high sequence similarity of the eight European isolates and their low homology to the Northamerican prototype sequence is indicative for the existence of different types of HCV. This will be important not only for epidemiological studies but also for the development of effective diagnostic procedures and vaccines. Concerning the pathogenesis of NANBH, a double infection or a helper mechanism has to be considered: in addition to the C virus, sequences of an other virus particle were found in the infectious IgG preparation as well as in the liver biopsies.
Novel algorithms for placement of rectangular covers for mask inspection in advanced lithography and other VLSI design applications (2005)

The continuous drive of very large scale integrated (VLSI) chip manufacturers to meet Moore's law has spurred the development of novel resolution enhancement techniques (RETs) and optical proximity correction (OPC) methodologies in optical microlithography. These RET and OPC methods have increased the complexity of mask-manufacturing manifold and have, at the same time, put added emphasis on the mask inspection procedure. A technique to simplify mask inspection is to identify rectangular regions on the mask that do not require inspection. Such a region is referred to as a do not inspect region (DNIR). A novel and practical algorithm to place DNIR rectangles on the mask is presented. It is shown that the most general DNIR placement problem is at least NP-Hard (Garey and Johnson, 1979). However, under certain relaxed criteria, there exists a polynomial-time algorithm for DNIR placement using dynamic programming. However, the optimal algorithm has very-high-degree polynomial bounds on its runtime and space complexities. On the other hand, a very simple greedy algorithm extended by lookahead and randomization, or by simulated annealing, can greatly improve the performance of the DNIR placement and produce near-optimal results. Although the algorithm developed in this work is targeted primarily toward DNIR placement, it has many other VLSI design applications.
Mono Mac 1: a new <i>in vitro</i> model system to study HIV-1 infection in human cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series (2000)

Throughout the years, most researchers have used continuous cell lines as in vitro models to evaluate the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. Unfortunately, the most commonly used monocytoid malignant cells have not been shown to adequately mimic primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, at least with respect to HIV-1 infection. The Mono Mac 1 cell line has been defined as a model system for studying biochemical, immunological, and genetic functions of human cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In this study, we have investigated whether Mono Mac 1 represents an in vitro culture system for HIV-1 infection. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that Mono Mac 1 are positive for the HIV-1 primary receptor (CD4), as well as for the coreceptors (CXCR4, CCR5, and CCR3). Infectivity experiments conducted with recombinant luciferase-encoding and fully infectious viruses demonstrated that Mono Mac 1 can support a highly productive infection with both macrophage- and dual-tropic isolates of HIV-1. Furthermore, differentiation of such cells led to a marked increase in virus production. Data from semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and mobility shift assays indicated that enhanced virus production in differentiated Mono Mac 1 cells was most likely related to an increase in nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. Mono Mac 1 can thus be considered as a human monocytoid cell line representing a proper in vitro system for studying the complex interactions between HIV-1 and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage.
Growth of strain-relaxed InGaN on micrometer-sized patterned compliant GaN pseudo-substrates (2020)

The compliant behavior of high fill-factor 10 × 10 μm2 square patterned 60–140 nm thick GaN-on-porous-GaN tiles was demonstrated by utilizing porous GaN as a semi-flexible underlayer. High resolution x-ray diffraction measurements showed a larger a-lattice constant of InGaN layers deposited on these patterned GaN-on-porous GaN pseudo-substrates in comparison to those deposited on co-loaded planar GaN-on-sapphire templates. Additionally, InGaN based light emitting diode (LED) structures deposited on these GaN pseudo-substrates exhibited room temperature electroluminescence at 547 nm compared to 506 nm for the LED structures grown on co-loaded planar GaN on sapphire templates, corresponding to a redshift of around 40 nm. The longer emission wavelength was associated with the higher indium incorporation into the InGaN quantum wells deposited on the compliant GaN pseudo-substrates, owing to a reduced lattice mismatch between the quantum well and the n-InGaN base layers grown on the compliant pseudo-substrates, due to the composition pulling effect.