gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transbronchial biopsy as a tool to evaluate small airways in asthma (2002)

Small airway (SA) inflammation in asthmatics is poorly understood. Surgical biopsies to obtain peripheral lung tissue are seldom justified in asthmatics. Therefore, the authors hypothesised that transbronchial biopsy could be an alternative approach to evaluate SA in asthma. Transbronchial and endobronchial biopsy tissue samples (TBBX and EBBX) from 12 severe asthmatics were evaluated for airway and parenchymal total inflammatory cell count expressed as the sum of immunostained T-cells (CD3), macrophages (CD68), mast cells (tryptase AAI), neutrophils (neutrophil elastase) and eosinophils (EG2) per mm2. The large airways (LA) were evaluated in EBBXs, while SA, medium airways (MA) and alveolar tissue (AT) were evaluated in TBBXs. When cell counts from SA, MA, LA and AT were compared, SA had a significantly higher cell count than MA or LA (SA 1011 x mm(-2) (539-1,290), MA 346 x mm(-2) (223-415), LA 332 x mm(-2) (189-416), AT 464 x mm(-2) (298-834)). The cell density and pattern of the inflammatory cell distribution in subjects with TBBXs appeared similar to those in three severe asthmatics whose inflammatory cells were analysed in surgical tissue samples. This study suggests that small airway may be identified and analysed in transbronchial biopsy tissue samples and therefore transbronchial biopsy tissue samples could expand the analysis of inflammation and tissue remodelling in asthma.
Accuracy of Serologic Tests and HLA-DQ Typing for Diagnosing Celiac Disease (2007)

In a patient population referred for symptoms and signs of celiac disease with a prevalence of celiac disease of 3.46%, TGA and EMA testing were the most sensitive serum antibody tests and a negative HLA-DQ type excluded the diagnosis. However, the addition of HLA-DQ typing to TGA and EMA testing, and the addition of serologic testing to HLA-DQ typing, provided the same measures of test performance as either testing strategy alone.
A Microcomputer Control for Step-Voltage Regulators (1985)

Advances in the state of the art applicable to electronic controls make possible continuing enhancements in these products. The use of microprocessor based digital techniques is the latest advance in a long continuing evolution of products dedicated to the control of step-voltage regulators or load tapchangers on transformers. The fundamental nature of a digital design facilitates enhancement of the product relative to an analog counterpart. Specific notable design procedures are reported. Routine application of the resulting product is shown to be feasible based on test results.
Four Leg Voltage Source Converter based Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Power Quality Improvement in Distribution Networks (2011)

This paper deals with digital simulation and control of four leg voltage source converter based Dynamic Voltage Restorer(DVR). The control of DVR that injects a voltage in series with a distribution feeder is presented. DVR is a power electronic controller that can protect sensitive loads from disturbances in supply system. It is observed that DVR can regulate the voltage at the load during an imbalance in the three phase system voltage. It eliminates the presence of zero sequence components in unbalanced system to make the system balanced. Circuit model is developed and the same is used for simulation studies.
Energy-Efficient Data Collection in UAV Enabled Wireless Sensor Network (2017)

In wireless sensor networks, utilizing the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a mobile data collector for the sensor nodes (SNs) is an energy-efficient technique to prolong the network lifetime. In this letter, considering a general fading channel model for the SN-UAV links, we jointly optimize the SNs' wake-up schedule and UAV's trajectory to minimize the maximum energy consumption of all SNs, while ensuring that the required amount of data is collected reliably from each SN. We formulate our design as a mixed-integer non-convex optimization problem. By applying the successive convex optimization technique, an efficient iterative algorithm is proposed to find a sub-optimal solution. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme achieves significant network energy saving as compared to benchmark schemes.
Highly Efficient CuBr‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) between Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Activated Methylene Compounds (2005)

Abstract A novel and efficient C–C bond‐formation method was developed: the cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction catalyzed by copper bromide in the presence of an oxidizing reagent, t BuOOH. The CDC reaction provides a simple and efficient catalytic method to construct β‐amino diesters and β‐dicyano amines by a combination of two different sp 3 C–H bonds followed by C–C bond formation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Developing an architecture validation suite (1999)

This paper describes the efforts made and the results of creating an Architecture Validation Suite for the PowerPC architecture. Although many functional test suites are available for multiple architectures, little has been published on how these suites are developed and how their quality should be measured. This work provides some insights for approaching the difficult problem of building a high quality functional test suite for a given architecture. By defining a set of generic coverage models that combine program-based, specification-based, and sequential bug-driven models, it establishes the groundwork for the development of architecture validation suites for any architecture.
The Molecular Mechanism of Action of the CR6261-Azichromycin Combination Found through Computational Analysis (2012)

Oseltamivir/Zanamivir may congruously improve the therapeutic efficacies of CR6261, F10, CR8020 and FI6 by providing an additional affinity to compensate for the loss of affinity between HA and mAb resulting from mutations. However, Oseltamivir or Zanamivir are not expected to generally widen the spectrum of these mAbs. In order to enhance CR6261, CR8020, or for F10 to become universal, we may select Azichromycin, Oseltamivir, or the combination of Azichromycin and Oseltamivir, respectively.
Global Infectious Disease Surveillance And Health Intelligence (2007)

Current concerns about the spread of infectious diseases, especially unexpected ("emerging") infections such as pandemic influenza or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), have renewed focus on the critical importance of global early warning and rapid response. Although considerable progress has been made, many gaps remain. A number of the gaps can be addressed through increased political will, resources for reporting, improved coordination and sharing of information, raising clinicians' awareness, and additional research to develop more rigorous triggers for action. The increasing availability of communications and information technologies worldwide offers new opportunities for reporting even in low-capacity settings.
국내 주식시장 투자자별 투자 행태 분석 (2013)

본 연구는 한국 주식시장에서 외국인 투자자들이 타 투자자 집단과 어떻게 다른 투자 행태를 보여주는가를 확인하기 위해 특정한 이익 정보를 기초로, 서로 다른 투자자 집단이 어떻게 행동하는지 또한 가정한 정보에 대한 상대적 우위를 가지고 있는가에 대해 살펴본다. 연구를 위해 증권거래소에서 발행하는 거래량 자료와 전자 공시시스템을 이용해 추출한 이익 공시일 자료를 가지고, 이익 공시일 전후 60일 사이의 일별 자료를 수집 및 정리하였다. 또한, 국내 개인 및 기관 투자자와 외국인 기관 투자자로 세분화하여 가정한 이익 정보를 기초로 공시 전후의 투자 행태를 살펴보았다. 연구결과 첫째, 공시 이전에는 외국인 기관 투자자들이 국내 개인 및 기관 투자자와 달리 정보 우위를 가진 투자자처럼 행동하고, 또한 공시 이후에 모멘텀 투자 전략을 잘 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가설 검증을 위한 비기대 이익과 누적 표준순매수량과의 관계 규명 과정에서 통계적 유의성이 대체로 낮았으나, 오히려 공시 이후의 모멘텀 투자 전략 검증에서 통계적으로 유의미한 결과가 나왔다.
Why HID headlights bother older drivers (2002)

Driving requires effective coordination of visual, motor, and cognitive skills. Visual skills are pushed to their limit at night by decreased illumination and by disabling glare from oncoming headlights. High intensity discharge (HID) headlamps project light farther down roads, improving their owner's driving safety by increasing the time available for reaction to potential problems. Glare is proportional to headlamp brightness, however, so increasing headlamp brightness also increases potential glare for oncoming drivers, particularly on curving two lane roads. This problem is worse for older drivers because of their increased intraocular light scattering, glare sensitivity, and photostress recovery time. An analysis of automobile headlights, intraocular stray light, glare, and night driving shows that brightness rather than blueness is the primary reason for the visual problems that HID headlights can cause for older drivers who confront them. The increased light projected by HID headlights is potentially valuable, but serious questions remain regarding how and where it should be projected.
Influence of Age and Gender on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Remifentanil (1997)

This study identified (1) an effect of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil; (2) an effect of lean body mass on the pharmacokinetic parameters; and (3) no influence of gender on any pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameter.
In silico whole-genome screening for cancer-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in human mRNA untranslated regions (2007)

We have undertaken a comprehensive effort to identify cancer-associated polymorphisms in untranslated regions of mRNA and to characterize putative functional UTR-SNPs. Alteration of translational control can change the expression of genes in tumor cells, causing an increase or decrease in the concentration of specific proteins. Through the description of testable candidates and the experimental validation of a number of UTR-SNPs discovered on the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) gene, this report illustrates the utility of a cross-talk between in silico transcriptomics and cancer genetics.
Correlates of Protection against Influenza in the Elderly: Results from an Influenza Vaccine Efficacy Trial (2016)

Although a number of studies have investigated and quantified immune correlates of protection against influenza in adults and children, data on immune protection in the elderly are sparse. A recent vaccine efficacy trial comparing standard-dose with high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine in persons 65 years of age and older provided the opportunity to examine the relationship between values of three immunologic assays and protection against community-acquired A/H3N2 influenza illness. The high-dose vaccine induced significantly higher antibody titers than the standard-dose vaccine for all assays. For the hemagglutination inhibition assay, a titer of 40 was found to correspond with 50% protection when the assay virus was antigenically well matched to the circulating virus--the same titer as is generally recognized for 50% protection in younger adults. A dramatically higher titer was required for 50% protection when the assay virus was a poor match to the circulating virus. With the well-matched virus, some protection was seen at the lowest titers; with the poorly matched virus, high levels of protection were not achieved even at the highest titers. Strong associations were also seen between virus neutralization test titers and protection, but reliable estimates for 50% protection were not obtained. An association was seen between titers of an enzyme-linked lectin assay for antineuraminidase N2 antibodies and protection; in particular, the proportion of treatment effect explained by assay titer in models that included both this assay and one of the other assays was consistently higher than in models that included either assay alone. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01427309.).
An adaptive transversal filter (2005)

A real time electronically programmable transversal filter with parallel architecture is described. The device is capable of operating at sampling rates in excess of 500KHz while maintaining high dynamic range. The device is built around an analog delay line designed using operational amplifiers and switching circuitry. Tap weight multiplication is performed using multiplying digital to analog convertors with 9 bit resolution. Results on a 16 stage prototype are described.
Managing platysma bands in the aging neck (2008)

The author demonstrates his method of achieving optimal contour in the aging neck. Primary features of the technique are horizontal cuts in the vertical bands of the platysma muscle combined with a corset Z-plasty medial suture and bilateral rein plication suture. This combined procedure, which effectively lifts the sagging neck, is useful in treating vertical platysma bands in primary cases, as well as recurrent platysma bands.
Light- and dark-grown <i>Potamogeton pectinatus</i> , an aquatic macrophyte, make no ethylene (ethene) but retain responsiveness to the gas (1998)

Plants of Potamogeton pectinatus L., growing rapidly from small tubers in the dark or from 12-week-old light-grown plants, contained high concentrations of the ethylene precursor 1-amino-cyclopropane- 1-carboxylic acid (ACC) (4.8 – 25.6 nmol g-1 fresh weight). However, ethylene (ethene) production was either completely absent or too small to raise concentrations significantly above background when measured by flame ionization gas chromatography sensitive to &lt;0.04 µmol m-3. Seedlings of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) of similar size produced ethylene in readily detectable amounts although concentrations of endogenous ACC concentrations were much smaller than in P. pectinatus . Large amounts of exogenous ACC (10 mM) supplied for 4 h or 15 h failed to induce ethylene production in dark-grown P. pectinatus but raised it marginally above background levels in light-grown shoots. In contrast, a substantial effect was seen in pea shoots. When 25 mM ACC was supplied, a small amount of ethylene was released by dark-grown P. pectinatus but the rate was less than 0.5% of that measured from pea plants treated similarly. An absence of ACC oxidase enzyme activity in extracts of P. pectinatus showed that the last step in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway is constitutively arrested in mature plants grown in the light and in young plants regenerating from tubers in the dark. Despite an inherent inability to synthesise ethylene, P. pectinatus remained responsive to applied ethylene. Leaf extension and adventitious rooting from stem nodes were promoted strongly by 0.41 mmol m-3 ethylene, whereas applications of ACC had no effect on growth or development.
Low temperature plasmas as emerging cancer therapeutics: the state of play and thoughts for the future (2016)

The field of plasma medicine has seen substantial advances over the last decade, with applications developed for bacterial sterilisation, wound healing and cancer treatment. Low temperature plasmas (LTPs) are particularly suited for medical purposes since they are operated in the laboratory at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, providing a rich source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). A great deal of research has been conducted into the role of reactive species in both the growth and treatment of cancer, where long-established radio- and chemo-therapies exploit their ability to induce potent cytopathic effects. In addition to producing a plethora of RONS, LTPs can also create strong electroporative fields. From an application perspective, it has been shown that LTPs can be applied precisely to a small target area. On this basis, LTPs have been proposed as a promising future strategy to accurately and effectively control and eradicate tumours. This review aims to evaluate the current state of the literature in the field of plasma oncology and highlight the potential for the use of LTPs in combination therapy. We also present novel data on the effect of LTPs on cancer stem cells, and speculatively outline how LTPs could circumvent treatment resistance encountered with existing therapeutics.
Cis-Selective Iodinative Etherification of <i>N</i>-Alkenyl-<i>N</i>-(2-hydroxyalkyl)anilines (1993)

Abstract Several 6-alkyl- or 6-aryl-2-(iodomethyl)morpholines were prepared in good yields with regio- and cis-selectivity from N-alkenyl-N-(2-hydroxyalkyl)anilines by electrophilic iodinative etherification.
Carbon nanotube reinforced mortar as a sensor to monitor the structural integrity of restored marble epistyles under shear (2016)

Metallic “I”-shaped connectors, properly placed in sculptured grooves, are used nowadays for restoring damaged connections of the Parthenon Temple. The grooves are then filled with a suitable cement mortar. In this study, the mortar was reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, in an effort to develop a smart material which could monitor the structural integrity of the connection, by measuring its electrical resistance through the Electrical Resistance Change (ERC) technique. The connection was subjected to shear using a properly designed metallic restraining-loading system. The ERC technique was used in conjunction with traditional (electrical strain gauges and clip gauges) and innovative sensing techniques (Digital Image Correlation and Acoustic Emission). The data obtained by the ERC technique are in very good qualitative agreement with the respective ones provided by both the traditional and the innovative techniques. Moreover, the overall variation of the ERC is well compatible with the load applied, indicating that the specific quantity could be a flexible tool for monitoring strain/damage of the restored connections.
Synergistic Effect of Chemical Treatments on Storage Quality and Chilling Injury of Honey Peaches (2014)

The effects of calcium chloride (CaCl2), gibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA) either alone or in various combinations on the fruit quality and chilling injury of honey peaches were investigated during 20 days of cold storage and subsequent 3 days of ambient temperature storage (simulating shelf life). Results showed that the effects of the combined treatments were better than those of each individual treatment. The combination of CaCl2 and SA was the most effective treatment in alleviating chilling injury by controlling membrane permeability, inhibiting respiration rate and delaying polyphenol oxidase activity. The single CaCl2 treatment was the most viable in maintaining fruit quality by keeping firmness and retarding weight loss rate during cold and subsequent ambient temperature storage. Therefore, the combined treatment of CaCl2 and SA was the most effective in peach preservation, and the single CaCl2 treatment can also be promoted. Practical Applications The combination of CaCl2 and SA is an effective method in alleviating the chilling injury and keeping the storage quality of honey peaches under cold storage. The CaCl2 treatment alone presents promising options for commercialization because of its low cost and ease of application. The significance of this research is ascribed to the postharvest application of nontoxic chemicals that cannot only extend the storage life of honey peaches, but can also promote the effectiveness of environmentally friendly methods in fruit storage. Overall, the outcomes of this study may serve as practical guidelines on honey peach storage for both fruit producers and consumers.
Comparison of a Caprolactone/Lactide Film (Mesofol) to Two Polylactide Film Products as a Barrier to Postoperative Peridural Adhesion in an Ovine Dorsal Laminectomy Model (2008)

The results of this investigation support previous studies on the benefit of polylactide film barriers, like Lactosorb, for reducing peridural adhesion following spinal surgery. The performance of Mesofol in this investigation suggests that it may provide improved antiadhesion properties in comparison to the polylactide products. Safety issues related to impaired dural healing was not identified in either product.
Determination of tissue optical properties by piezoelectric detection of laser-induced stress waves (1993)

A technique is described for the measurement of optical properties in clear and turbid media based on time-resolved detection of acoustic transients. Thermal expansion of the irradiated volume of a sample heated by short laser pulses causes a pressure-rise that is proportionally to the laser fluence and the absorption coefficient in the sample. The exponential profile of the acoustic signal formed by the initial stress distribution corresponds to z-axial light distribution in the irradiated volume. Therefore, the absorption and scattering properties of tissue can be determined from the profile and amplitude of the acoustic signals induced by the laser pulses. Stress waves generated in phantom aqueous medium and biological tissues by laser pulses were detected by a broad-band lithium niobate acoustic transducer. The results indicate that absorption coefficients in soft biological tissues in the near infrared spectral range are significantly (5 - 10 times) lower as compared to previously reported from integrating sphere measurements.
Sur les <i>ortho</i>amino formyl quinoléines, nouveaux synthons hétérocycliques (1980)

Abstract Les quatre ortho amino formyl quinoléines substituées sur le cycle pyridinique ont été synthétisées par oxydation des amino hydroxyméthyl quinoléines correspondantes. Parmi toutes les méthodes envisagées, seule cette dernière a permis la préparation de l'amino‐3 formyl‐2 quinoléine, composé relativement peu stable. Ces nouveaux composés bifonctionnels dérivés de la quinoléine constituent des synthons particulièrement intéressants pour l'élaboration de certains hétérocycles.
Highly regioselective nucleophilic substitution of cyclic carbonates of threo-2,3-dihydroxy esters: synthesis of optically pure β-hydroxy esters (1994)

The nucleophilic ring opening of the cyclic carbonates of optically active threo-2,3-dihydroxy esters 1 afforded the α-substituted β-hydroxy esters 2 with highly regio- and stereo-selectivity under mild conditions. The α-sulfanyl or α-iodo β-hydroxy esters 2 thus obtained were transformed to the β-hydroxy esters 3, which are useful chiral synthons for natural product synthesis.
Development of a Turbulent Wall-Function Based Viscous Cartesian-Grid Methodology (2007)

Despite the high cost of memory and CPU time required to resolve the boundary layer, a viscous unstructured grid solver has many advantages over a structured grid solver such as the convenience in automated grid generation and vortex capturing by solution adaption. In present study, an unstructured Cartesian grid solver is developed on the basis of the existing viscous solver, NASCART-GT. Instead of a cut-cell approach, an immersed boundary approach is applied with ghost cell boundary condition, which can be easily applied to a moving grid solver. The standard k-e model by Launder and Spalding is employed for the turbulence modeling, and a new wall function approach is devised for the unstructured Cartesian grid solver. In this study, the methodology is validated and the efficiency of the developed boundary condition is tested in 2-D flow field around a flat plate, NACA0012 airfoil, and axisymmetric hemispheroid.