gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Western blots: Pitfalls of densitometry (2009)

Although Western blots are frequently quantified, densitometry is not documented and appears to be based merely on traditions and guesswork. Confirming previous experience, none of 100 randomly selected and systematically scanned most recent papers provided sufficient information on how Western blot results were translated into statistical values. The importance of such information, however, becomes evident from our correlations of plasma erythropoietin values of various mammals determined using RIA and Western blot densitometry. Different common densitometry procedures applied to the identical Western blot revealed p-values of these correlations ranging from 0.000013 to 0.76 reflecting the necessity of a scientifically sound basis for densitometry of Western blots. At present, the current lack of any definitions in densitometry opens the door to uncontrollable acquisition of any desired p-value. Here we provide data that define what should be considered, what avoided and what documented when quantifying Western blots.
Familial Ventricular Arrhythmias in Boxers (1999)

Abstarct The purposes of this study were to evaluate families of Boxers with ventricular arrhythmias to determine whether this disorder is a familial trait and, if so, to determine the mode of inheritance. Eighty-two Boxers were evaluated by physical examination, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram. Dogs were considered affected if at least 50 premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) were observed during a 24-hour period. All dogs were at least 6 years of age at evaluation. Complete cardiovascular examinations were performed on dogs from 6 extended families. The 2 most complete pedigrees were used to determine the pattern of inheritance. The number of PVCs observed during a 24-hour period in affected dogs ranged from 112 to 4,894 (mean ± SD, median; 1,309 ± 2,609, 1,017). The number of PVCs observed during a 24-hour period in the unaffected dogs ranged from 0 to 16 (7 ± 10, 12). Pedigree evaluation was performed to determine pattern of inheritance. An autosomal dominant pattern was determined to be most likely because a sex predisposition was not observed, affected individuals were observed in every generation, and 2 affected individuals produced unaffected offspring. We conclude that familial ventricular arrhythmias is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in some Boxers.
Mechanical Performance of Auxetic Polyurethane Foam for Antivibration Glove Applications (2005)

In this study the static and dynamic characteristics of conventional open cell polyurethane (PU), of auxetic (negative Poisson's ratio) and of iso-density foams were analysed. The specimens were produced from conventional gray open-cells polyurethane foam with 30–35 pores/inch and 0.0027 g/cm 3 density, by means of process which has been previously defined by the authors. Poisson's ratio measurements were performed under quasi-static conditions using an MTS 858 servo-hydraulic test machine and a video image acquisition system. For the auxetic foams the results suggested similar behaviour to that previously reported in the literature, with significant increases in stiffness during compressive loading, and a significant dependence of the Poisson's ratio on the applied strain. Transmissibility tests, performed in accordance with the ISO 13753 procedure for antivibration glove materials, suggested a strong dependence of the transmissibility on the foam manufacturing parameters. Within the frequency range from 10 to 31.5 Hz the transmissibility was found to be greater than 1, while it was less than 1 at all frequencies greater than 31.5 Hz. The transmissibility results were similar to the mean values for 80 resilient materials tested by Koton et. al., but were higher than the five best materials (not all polymeric) identified by the same researchers. In this study it has been suggested that the resilient behaviour of glove isolation materials should also be evaluated in terms of the indentation characteristics. A simple, linear elastic, Finite Element simulation was therefore performed, and the indentation results suggested that auxetic foams offer a significant decrease in compressive stresses with respect to conventional PU foams.
Coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (2006)

Coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is proposed to combat dispersion in optical media. It is shown that optical-signal-to-noise ratio penalty at 10 Gbit/s is maintained below 2 dB for 3000 km transmission of standard-singlemode fibre without dispersion compensation.
Augmented IFN-γ and TNF-α Induced by Probiotic Bacteria in NK Cells Mediate Differentiation of Stem-Like Tumors Leading to Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Reduction in Inflammatory Cytokine Release; Regulation by IL-10 (2015)

Our previous reports demonstrated that the magnitude of natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity correlate directly with the stage and level of differentiation of tumor cells. In addition, we have shown previously that activated NK cells inhibit growth of cancer cells through induction of differentiation, resulting in the resistance of tumor cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity through secreted cytokines, as well as direct NK-tumor cell contact. In this report, we show that in comparison to IL-2 + anti-CD16mAb-treated NK cells, activation of NK cells by probiotic bacteria (sAJ2) in combination with IL-2 and anti-CD16mAb substantially decreases tumor growth and induces maturation, differentiation, and resistance of oral squamous cancer stem cells, MIA PaCa-2 stem-like/poorly differentiated pancreatic tumors, and healthy stem cells of apical papillae through increased secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α, as well as direct NK-tumor cell contact. Tumor resistance to NK cell-mediated killing induced by IL-2 + anti-CD16mAb + sAJ2-treated NK cells is induced by combination of IFN-γ and TNF-α since antibodies to both, and not each cytokine alone, were able to restore tumor sensitivity to NK cells. Increased surface expression of CD54, B7H1, and MHC-I on NK-differentiated tumors was mediated by IFN-γ since the addition of anti-IFN-γ abolished their increase and restored the ability of NK cells to trigger cytokine and chemokine release; whereas differentiated tumors inhibited cytokine release by the NK cells. Monocytes synergize with NK cells in the presence of probiotic bacteria to induce regulated differentiation of stem cells through secretion of IL-10 resulting in resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and inhibition of cytokine release. Therefore, probiotic bacteria condition activated NK cells to provide augmented differentiation of cancer stem cells resulting in inhibition of tumor growth, and decreased inflammatory cytokine release.
Eye movement and visuomotor arm movement deficits following mild closed head injury (2003)

Based on increasing evidence that even mild closed head injury (CHI) can cause considerable neural damage throughout the brain, we hypothesized that mild CHI will disrupt the complex cerebral networks concerned with oculomotor and upper-limb visuomotor control, resulting in impaired motor function. Within 10 days following mild CHI (Glasgow Coma Scale 13-15, alteration of consciousness <20 min), we compared 30 patients (15-37 years) and 30 matched controls on different types of saccades, oculomotor smooth pursuit (sine and random), upper-limb visuomotor performance and several neuropsychological tests known to be sensitive to head trauma. Simple reflexive saccades were not impaired, whereas, on the antisaccade task, the CHI group demonstrated prolonged saccadic latencies, a marginally higher number of directional errors and poorer spatial accuracy. The CHI group exhibited more directional errors and impaired motor accuracy on memory-guided sequences of saccades and produced fewer self-paced saccades within 30 s. Most measures of sinusoidal and random oculomotor smooth pursuit showed no deficits, with the exception of a prolonged lag on random smooth pursuit in the CHI group. While arm movement reaction time and arm steadiness were not impaired, the CHI group showed decreased arm movement speed and decreased upper-limb motor accuracy. Conversely, after controlling for IQ, the CHI group had few head trauma-related neuropsychological deficits. These results indicate that multiple motor systems can be impaired following mild CHI and that this can occur independently of neuropsychological impairment. Our study also indicates that quantitative tests of oculomotor and upper-limb visuomotor function may provide sensitive markers of cerebral dysfunction, suggesting the potential use of such tests to supplement patient assessment. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the presence of oculomotor or visuomotor deficits following mild CHI.
Motion compensated multiresolution transmission of HD video using multistage quantizers (1993)

Multiresolution (MR) transmission of compressed video is performed using subbands. The subband decomposition is used for both hierarchical estimation of the motion and encoding of the motion-compensated error frame. With this approach, the video at a given resolution embeds lower-resolution video. Frequency roll-off of higher-frequency subbands is used to obtain visually pleasing low-resolution videos at low-bit rates. It is well known that the transmission of higher-resolution video requires finely quantized low-resolution video. The necessary refinement of the coarsely quantized low-resolution video is made by using multistage quantization. A novel technique is introduced to improve the performance of conventional multistage quantization. Simulation of a three-resolution MR coding system were made on a monochrome MIT test HD (high-definition) video, which is 30 frames long at 30 frames/s with 1600*960 8-bit pixels per frame.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radar detection and identification of human signatures using moving platforms (2009)

Radar offers unique advantages over other sensors for the detection of humans, such as remote operation during virtually all weather and lighting conditions, increased range, and better coverage. Many current radar-based human detection systems employ some type of Fourier analysis, such as Doppler processing. However, in many environments, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of human returns is quite low. Furthermore, Fourier-based techniques assume a linear variation in target phase over the aperture, whereas human targets have a highly nonlinear phase history. The resulting phase mismatch causes significant SNR loss in the detector itself. In this work, human target modeling is used to derive a more accurate non-linear approximation to the true target phase history. Two algorithms are proposed: a parameter estimation-based optimized non-linear phase (ONLP) detector, and a dictionary search-based enhanced optimized non-linear phase (EnONLP) detector. The ONLP algorithm optimizes the likelihood ratio over the unknown model parameters to derive a more accurate approximation to the expected human return. The EnONLP algorithm stores expected target signatures generated for each possible combination of model parameters in a dictionary, and then applies Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) to determine the optimal linear combination of dictionary entries that comprises the measured radar data. Thus, unlike the ONLP, the EnONLP algorithm also has the capability of detecting the presence of multiple human targets. Cramer-Rao bounds (CRB) on parameter estimates and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves are used to validate analytically the performance of both proposed methods to that of conventional, fully adaptive STAP. Finally, application of EnONLP to target characterization is illustrated.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and the function of skin microvascular endothelial cells (1990)

The maintenance of the normal epithelioid morphology of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (MEC) grown in vitro depends strongly on the presence of factors that increase intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. Complete removal of dibutyryl cAMP and isobutylmethylxanthine (IMX) from the growth medium results in a progressive transition from an epithelioid to a spindle-shaped cell line. This transition cannot be reversed by the readdition of dibutyryl cAMP and IMX to the growth medium or by addition of agonists that increase cAMP levels. Spindle-shaped MEC lose the ability to express Factor VIII rAG and DR antigens and to bind peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte (PBML). Ultrastructural analyses of transitional cells and spindle-shaped cells show decreased numbers of Weibel-Palade bodies in transitional cells and their complete absence in spindle-shaped cells. Interferon-gamma alters several functional properties of both epithelioid and spindle-shaped cells. In the absence of dibutyryl cAMP it accelerates the transition from epithelial to spindle-shaped cells, whereas in the presence of cyclic AMP interferon-gamma increases the binding of PBMLs to both epithelioid and spindle-shaped MEC and the endocytic activity of the endothelial cells. These results suggest that cyclic AMP is an important second messenger in the maintenance of several key functions of microvascular endothelial cells. Factors that influence the levels of this messenger in vivo can be expected to influence the angiogenic and immunologic functions of the microvasculature.
Attainment of glycaemic goals in type 2 diabetes with once‐, twice‐, or thrice‐daily dosing with biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 (The 1‐2‐3 study) (2005)

This clinical trial demonstrates that initiation of once-daily BIAsp 30 to type 2 diabetes patients poorly controlled on various OAD regimens was an effective treatment approach for achieving glycaemic goals. Additional patients safely achieved these goals by increasing the number of BIAsp 30 injections from one to two, and then, if uncontrolled, from two to three doses per day. Eventually, most patients previously uncontrolled on OADs with or without basal insulin were controlled by the addition and vigorous titration of BIAsp 30 to oral agent therapy.
The Syrian conflict and infectious diseases (2016)

The conflict in Syria is a big humanitarian emergency. More than 200,000 Syrians have been killed, with more than half of the population either having been displaced or having immigrated. Healthcare has been interrupted due to the destruction of facilities, a lack of medical staff, and a critical shortage of life-saving medications. It produced suitable conditions leading to the re-emergence of tuberculosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, polio, and measles. Lebanon and Jordan reported increased rates of tuberculosis among Syrian refugees. Cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreaks were noted not only in Syria but also in Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon. After a polio-free 15 years, Syria reported a polio outbreak. Ongoing measles outbreaks in the region was accelerated by the conflict. Iraq declared a cholera outbreak among the Syrian refugees. The healthcare facilities of the countries hosting immigrants, mainly Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, and Egypt, are overburdened. The majority of the immigrants live in crowded and unsanitary conditions. Infectious diseases are big challenges for Syria and for the countries hosting immigrants. More structured support from international organizations is needed for the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases.
Suppression by pregnancy of chemically induced preneoplastic cells of the rat mammary gland. (1987)

Since a previous study suggested that pregnancy either eliminated preneoplastic cells or increased their latency period in rat mammary glands, additional experiments were performed to determine the fate of these cells. Following administration of the carcinogen dimethylbenzanthracene, few mammary cancers appeared after rats completed pregnancy and lactation. Because these results are similar to those previously obtained with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), the effect of pregnancy appears to be independent of the carcinogen used to induce cancer. For rats dosed with MNU, relatively few cancers developed either during an extended observation following pregnancy and lactation or following administration of prolactin, a growth stimulator of mammary cancers. In the latter experiment, the average number of mammary cancers per rat in the prolactin-treated virgin rats was 7.1, while prolactin-treated parous rats had only 0.8 cancers per rat; i.e., 89% fewer cancers. Thus, pregnancy appears to suppress many of the preneoplastic cells induced by carcinogens in the mammary gland of rats.
New principles, better practices, and clearer perceptions in intraperitoneal chemotherapy: clinical experience using icodextrin 20 as a carrier solution. (1997)

The rationale for using intraperitoneal chemotherapy is based on three phenomena: certain types of tumor are confined to the abdominal cavity for many years; the ability to deliver the drug directly to the surface of tumor deposits; the pharmacological advantage of attaining high local concentrations of the drug within the cavity. Current techniques of intraperitoneal chemotherapy do not use a specially designed carrier solution, which greatly restricts flexibility and does not permit continuous ambulatory intraperitoneal chemotherapy necessary for optimal use of cell cycle-specific antitumor agents. Using icodextrin 20 as a carrier solution containing 50% of the dose of 5-fluorouracil in a 24-hour dwell, simultaneously with a 24-hour elastomeric infusor device containing 50% of the dose, we have succeeded in carrying out continuous ambulatory intraperitoneal chemotherapy, 5 days out of 7 for up to 12 weeks, exposing the peritoneal contents to drug concentrations a thousand-fold greater than attained in the serum in a Phase I clinical trial. These studies have for the first time demonstrated that it is possible to expose continuously for long periods intraperitoneal tumor deposits to sustained high levels of cell cycle-specific cytotoxic agents.
A Novel in situ Colony Screening Method to Detect Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase Activity Expressed in Bacteria (1989)

An in situ screening procedure is described that permits the detection of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity in bacterial colonies expressing the reverse transcriptase of the human immunodeficiency virus. The procedure has been applied to the isolation of rare pseudorevertants of an inactive parental mutant.
Plan parsing for intended response recognition in discourse1 (1985)

In a discourse the hearer must recognize the response intended by the speaker. To perform this recognition, the hearer must ascertain what plans the speaker is undertaking and how the utterances in the discourse further that plan. To do so, the hearer can parse the initial intentions (recoverable from the utterance) and recognize the plans the speaker has in mind and intends the hearer to know about. This paper reports on a theory of parsing the intentions in discourse. It also discusses the role of another aspect of discourse, discourse markers, that are valuable to intended response recognition.
Motor switching abilities in Parkinson's disease and old age: temporal aspects (1998)

Patients with Parkinson's disease and elderly subjects are substantially slower in responding to a required modification of their movement than in responding to the required movement initiation. Patients with Parkinson's disease have impaired capabilities in processing simultaneously the motor responses to two visual stimuli presented in rapid succession.
One-Step Continuous Flow Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrrole-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives via in Situ Hydrolysis of<i>tert-</i>Butyl Esters (2010)

The first one-step, continuous flow synthesis of pyrrole-3-carboxylic acids directly from tert-butyl acetoacetates, amines, and 2-bromoketones is reported. The HBr generated as a byproduct in the Hantzsch reaction was utilized in the flow method to hydrolyze the t-butyl esters in situ to provide the corresponding acids in a single microreactor. The protocol was used in the multistep synthesis of pyrrole-3-carboxamides, including two CB1 inverse agonists, directly from commercially available starting materials in a single continuous process.
Understanding Reservoir Architectures and Steam-Chamber Growth at Christina Lake, Alberta, by Using 4D Seismic and Crosswell Seismic Imaging (2007)

Summary EnCana Corporation's Christina Lake Thermal Pilot Project located 170 km south of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, uses steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology to recover bitumen from the Lower Cretaceous McMurray formation. This paper presents an analysis of time-lapse and crosswell seismic data, as part of an overall study integrating different disciplines and technologies, to understand the effects of geology on SAGD-process performance in the pilot area. A 3D baseline survey was conducted at the start of the pilot in 2001, and two follow up surveys were conducted in 2004 and 2005. In addition, six crosswell seismic profiles were acquired by placing both sources and receivers in the vertical wellbores. The goal of the seismic surveys was to better understand steam-chamber growth and reservoir architecture by detecting lithology changes, including the occurrence and distribution of mudstone stringers. Data from the surveys, especially from the crosswell profiles, indicated significant reservoir heterogeneity, and helped to characterize reservoir architecture in the pilot area more accurately. Analysis of seismic data (both 4D and crosswell) showed steam-chamber growth and oil recovery to be influenced strongly by reservoir geology. Steam-chamber growth is especially affected by the presence of low-permeability facies in the vicinity of the SAGD well pairs. Our analysis indicates that these reservoir heterogeneities have contributed to the creation of areas within the reservoir that have been unaffected by steaming operations to date. These findings are in agreement with flow-simulation results and collectively contribute significantly to the planning of future developments.
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (2019)

German Ministry of Education and Research and National Institute for Health Research.
Creation of embedded structures in SU-8 (2007)

Two methods were investigated for the creation of encapsulated micro-fluidic channels and bridges in negative tone SU-8 photoresist. The first uses two exposures at different wavelengths to create the channel sidewalls and microchannel encapsulation layer; the other method creates both using a single I-line (365 nm) exposure and a grayscale photomask. These methods can define structures with vertical dimensions ranging to hundreds of microns and introduces very little extra processing complexity. For the dual wavelength method, an I-line light source is used to define the channel walls while a non-collimated deep-UV (254 nm) light source provides a large energy dose to the top surface of the SU-8 to produce a membrane over all the channels. Using the dual wavelength method allows SU-8 to be used as the material for the channels and the encapsulation method is self-limiting avoiding the requirement for precise control over the exposure dose. The rate of UV dose and the post-exposure baking parameters are critical to the quality and strength of the micro-channels. Properly designed channels have been successfully developed in lengths up to 1 cm. Alternatively using a grayscale Zn/Al bimetallic photomask and a single I-line exposure, 3D bridge micro-structures were successfully made on SU-8. The use of grayscale masks for both techniques also provides the possibility of shaping the channel. With the ability to create micro-bridges, further research will be performed to investigate how well the single exposure technique can be used to produce micro-channels of various sizes and dimensions.