gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral hyposensitization of children with pollinosis or house-dust asthma. (1977)

<p>Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, and its noninvasive visualization and quantification are key factors for facilitating translational anticancer research. Using four tumor models characterized by different degrees of aggressiveness and angiogenesis, we show that the combination of functional in vivo and anatomical ex vivo X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) allows highly accurate quantification of relative blood volume (rBV) and highly detailed three-dimensional analysis of the vascular network in tumors. Depending on the tumor model, rBV values determined using in vivo μCT ranged from 2.6% to 6.0%, and corresponds well with the values assessed using IHC. Using ultra-high-resolution ex vivo μCT, blood vessels as small as 3.4 μm and vessel branches up to the seventh order could be visualized, enabling a highly detailed and quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional micromorphology of tumor vessels. Microvascular parameters such as vessel size and vessel branching correlated very well with tumor aggressiveness and angiogenesis. In rapidly growing and highly angiogenic A431 tumors, the majority of vessels were small and branched only once or twice, whereas in slowly growing A549 tumors, the vessels were much larger and branched four to seven times. Thus, we consider that combining highly accurate functional with highly detailed anatomical μCT is a useful tool for facilitating high-throughput, quantitative, and translational (anti-) angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis research.</p>
High Speed Architectures for Finding the First two Maximum/Minimum Values (2011)

High speed architectures for finding the first two maximum/minimum values are of paramount importance in several applications, including iterative (e.g., turbo and low-density-parity-check) decoders. In this brief, stemming from a previous work, based on radix-2 solutions, we propose higher and mixed radix implementations that improve the architecture latency. Post place and route results on a 180-nm CMOS standard cell technology show that the proposed architectures achieve lower latency than radix-2 solutions with a moderate area increase.
Choice of bacterial DNA extraction method from fecal material influences community structure as evaluated by metagenomic analysis (2014)

Whereas it is comforting that the inter-individual variation clearly exceeded the variation resulting from choice of extraction method, our data highlight the challenge of comparing data across studies applying different methodologies.
Calibration methodology for the airborne dispersive pushbroom imaging spectrometer (APEX) (2004)

APEX is a dispersive pushbroom imaging spectrometer operating in the spectral range between 380 - 2500 nm. The spectral resolution will be better than 10 nm in the SWIR and < 5 nm in the VNIR range of the solar reflected range of the spectrum. The total FOV will be ± 14 deg, recording 1000 pixels across track with about 300 spectral bands simultaneously. A large variety of characterization measurements will be performed in the scope of the APEX project, e.g., on-board characterization, frequent laboratory characterization, and vicarious calibration. The retrieved calibration parameters will allow a data calibration in the APEX Processing and Archiving Facility (PAF). The data calibration includes the calculation of the required, time-dependent calibration coefficients from the calibration parameters and, subsequently, the radiometric, spectral and geometric calibration of the raw data. Because of the heterogeneity of the characterization measurements, the optimal calibration for each data set is achieved using a special assimilation algorithm. In the paper the different facilities allowing characterization measurements, the PAF and the new data assimilation scheme are outlined.
Polycrystalline Silicon on Coated Steel Substrates (1975)

Steel is the most economical substrate for the deposition of silicon. At temperatures used for the chemical vapor deposition of silicon, however, a barrier layer must be used to prevent the diffusion of iron from the substrate into the silicon layer. Tungsten was found to be ineffective as a diffusion barrier when silicon was deposited by the thermal decomposition of silane at 900°C and above. Borosilicate deposited by the oxidation of a silane‐diborane mixture was found to be an effective barrier at temperatures up to 1150°C. Silicon deposited on borosilicate/steel substrates is polycrystalline. The microstructure and crystallographic properties of silicon depend strongly on the substrate temperature, deposition rate, and extent of doping. Silicon layers deposited at low temperatures and high rates consist of small crystallites with a strong preferred {110} orientation, while those deposited at high temperatures and low rates consist of larger crystallites with more random orientation. Silicon p‐n junctions deposited on borosilicate/steel substrates show poor electrical characteristics because of the high concentration of grain boundaries, and solar cells have low conversion efficiencies.
Characterization and growth mechanisms of boron nitride films synthesized by ion-beam-assisted deposition (1990)

We have studied boron nitride films deposited at room temperature by ion-beam-assisted deposition in an ultrahigh vacuum apparatus, with ion accelerating voltages ranging between 0.25 and 2 kV. By using complementarily in situ Auger electron spectrometry and ex situ nuclear analyses to determine the respective surface and bulk N concentrations in the deposited films, we were able to identify the different phases of the mechanism leading to the nitridation of evaporated boron by nitrogen ions. For low nitrogen/boron flux ratios, the incorporation of nitrogen seems to be only governed by ion implantation, and, with respect to the depth of the deposit, the surface is found largely depleted in nitrogen, while the N-incorporation yield remains close to one whatever the ion energy. Such a behavior is well verified as long as a critical bulk nitrogen concentration close to 5.5×1022 cm−3 has not been achieved. For concentrations greater than this, superstoichiometric material is obtained up to a saturation which corresponds to a bulk N incorporation ranging from 6 to 7×1022 cm−3. Further increase of the N/B flux ratio induces a strong diffusion process from N-rich bulk to N-depleted surface, which results in the nitridation of surface boron atoms and a loss of nitrogen by sputtering or desorption. The density measurements seem to indicate that the synthesized phase is close to h-BN. However, the density of B-rich layers ([N]/[B]≊0.2–0.3) is found to be very close to that calculated for a mixture of pure boron and c-BN. The transparency and microhardness of the synthesized BN have satisfying values for its application as a wear-resistant optical coating, but it is not c-BN.
Application of dynamic emittance matching to secondary ion mass spectrometry (1981)

The implementation of the dynamic emittance matching (DEM) concept into our secondary ion mass spectrometer is described. The importance of this feature is presented in terms of increased ion transmission when operating at low primary ion beam fluxes, that is, the static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) or molecular SIMS mode. A discussion of the principle and the design of the DEM electronics in the system is given. Experimental comparisons are presented and discussed which contrast DEM and conventional results with respect to viewing area, ion transmission, and imaging capability.
Screen and stencil printing processes for wafer backside coating (2008)

Stencil printing equipment has traditionally been used in the surface mount assembly industry for solder paste printing. In recent years the flexibility of the tool has been exploited for a wide range of materials and processes to aid semiconductor packaging and assembly. One such application has been the deposition of adhesive coatings onto the backside of silicon wafers. This paper looks at the application of two totally different epoxy materials to the non active side of silicon wafers one providing a B-stageble die attach layer and one providing a protective laser-markable cover layer aimed at protecting individual die from damage during dicing. Printing trials, with the two commercially standard, non-conductive epoxy based materials were conducted. For each material, 24 200mm wafers were printed. Both screen and stencil printing processes were compared for each material. Effects of printing process parameters were also considered. Coating thickness planarity across a wafer is the key metric for a successful coating process. For each wafer processed a minimum of 16 thickness measurements were made. Results showing thickness control capability are presented. The study demonstrates that coating co-planarity accomplishing ±12.5μm @ 6 sigma control with cured thickness's down to 30μm is possible.
Structural Basis of Targeting the Exportin CRM1 in Cancer (2015)

Recent studies have demonstrated the interference of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking with the establishment and maintenance of various cancers. Nucleocytoplasmic transport is highly regulated and coordinated, involving different nuclear transport factors or receptors, importins and exportins, that mediate cargo transport from the cytoplasm into the nucleus or the other way round, respectively. The exportin CRM1 (Chromosome region maintenance 1) exports a plethora of different protein cargoes and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Structural and biochemical analyses have enabled the deduction of individual steps of the CRM1 transport cycle. In addition, CRM1 turned out to be a valid target for anticancer drugs as it exports numerous proto-oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Clearly, detailed understanding of the flexibility, regulatory features and cooperative binding properties of CRM1 for Ran and cargo is a prerequisite for the design of highly effective drugs. The first compound found to inhibit CRM1-dependent nuclear export was the natural drug Leptomycin B (LMB), which blocks export by competitively interacting with a highly conserved cleft on CRM1 required for nuclear export signal recognition. Clinical studies revealed serious side effects of LMB, leading to a search for alternative natural and synthetic drugs and hence a multitude of novel therapeutics. The present review examines recent progress in understanding the binding mode of natural and synthetic compounds and their inhibitory effects.
Whey Utilization in Animal Feeding: A Summary and Evaluation (1976)

Whey is a highly nutritious byproduct of the cheese industry which can be utilized well when fed to animals in a variety of forms such as liquid whey, condensed whey, dried whey, or as dried whey products. Ruminants can consume up to 30% of their dry-matter intake as liquid whey without impaired performance while swine may experience diarrhea when more than 20% of their dry matter is liquid whey. Fermented, ammoniated condensed whey is an acceptable liquid protein supplement for ruminants. Small amounts of dried whey or partially delactosed whey in nonruminant rations often increase weight gains, feed efficiency, protein digestibility, and fat digestibility, as well as mineral absorption and retention. Including 10% or more dried whey or partially delactosed whey in high concentrate rations of lactating cows usually prevents most of the milk fat depression experienced with such rations without reducing concentrate consumption. Rumen butyrate usually is increased when rations contain whey or whey products. Adding whey to grass and legume silages improved the silage quality and digestibility, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were reduced in silage when whey was added to urea-treated corn silage. Growth rates have been favorable when calves were fed milk replacers containing up to 89% dried whey. Human foods should command first priority for whey protein concentrates because of the high quality protein although some use in
Putting the “Custom” in customer with database marketing (1997)

What is a customer? By simple definition, a customer is one who purchases goods from another, but it stems from the word “custom” where an individual habitually patronizes a particular business. As companies achieve success, many neglect this concept and forget to keep the idea of “custom” in customer.
Localization of α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in Rat Brain and Pituitary (1978)

The distribution of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was studied in the rat brain with an immunoperoxidase technique. α-MSH-containing cells were found in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Cells staining for α-MSH were also localized in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. α-MSHcontaining nerve fibers extended throughout regions of the hypothalamus, thalamus, and midbrain. Two weeks after hypophysectomy, α-MSH-positive cells and fibers were still present in the brain. These results indicate that α-MSH of non-pituitary origin is synthesized and stored by neural structures in the rat brain. The detection of α-MSH by radioimmunoassay in the rat brain and pituitary supports these observations. (Endocrinology102: 1283, 1978)
Interference Filters for the Infrared* (1957)

Representative transmission curves of interference filters made with evaporated multilayers of tellurium and rock salt for the region around 10 μ are given. The filter band pass may, however, be located at any wavelength in the 5 to 20-μ spectral region.
A New Frequent Path Algorithm of Web User Access Pattern (2009)

By applying the approaches of data mining into the Electronic Commerce, the owner of the electronic commerce can find out the really useful knowledge from the mass of data to make a right decision. Association rules mining has be used in order to find out the user access pattern in electronic commerce. Since it can not really fit in the Web log mining, the traditional association rules mining must be improved. Based on the traditional association rules mining algorithm, a new frequent path algorithm is proposed. It gets the transaction database using maxim forward segmentation algorithm and gets all the frequent paths that satisfy minimum support and minimum confidence in the transaction database. The new algorithm can help the owner of electronic commerce to improve the Web site designing.
Scalable solution cocrystallization: case of carbamazepine-nicotinamide I (2008)

A framework for conceptualization of scalable solution-crystallization processes for cocrystals is developed and demonstrated using carbamazepine-nicotinamide as the model system. Calculation of intermolecular interactions and crystal lattice energy were carried out to understand the structure and strength of the binding synthons as well as to predict the likely growth morphology and overall crystal growth rate at scale. Experimental measurements of the solubility behavior of the pure components, the solid form stability domain, speciation in solution and effects on nucleation kinetics were employed to establish solvent system and optimize solution crystallization conditions including specifying the initial concentration of the coformer—nicotinamide. A seeding strategy was established, various factors affecting de-saturation kinetics, including nicotinamide concentration, were evaluated and optimized and washing strategy post filtration was developed to deliver and demonstrate a robust process at a 1 L scale with yield in excess of 90% and throughput of 14 L kg−1.
Detecting anomalous network traffic in organizational private networks (2013)

During the last decade, network monitoring and intrusion detection have become essential techniques of cyber security. Nowadays, many institutions are using advanced solutions for detecting malicious network traffic, discovering network anomalies, and preventing cyber attacks. However, most research in this area has not been conducted specifically for organizational private networks, and their special properties have not been considered. In this paper, we first present a study of traffic patterns in a corporate private network, and then propose two novel algorithms for detecting anomalous network traffic and node behavior in such networks.
Liquid-Liquid Displacement Flows in an Annular Space Including Viscoplastic Effects (2008)

Visualization experiments were performed to investigate the sweeping efficiency during the displacement of one fluid by another as they flow through an annular space. Applications include cementation processes of oil and gas wells. The tubes are made of transparent glass to allow flow visualization. The Reynolds number is kept low for all cases investigated, to ensure negligible inertia. The apparatus was built in such a way that the interface is flat at the startup of the flow. The orientation of the axis with respect to gravity can be varied from 0 to 90°. In the experiments, the interface shape is recorded as it proceeds along the annulus for different sets of values of the governing parameters, and the displacement efficiency is determined.
Plasminogen stimulates propagation of protease-resistant prion protein<i>in vitro</i> (2010)

To clarify the role of plasminogen as a cofactor for prion propagation, we conducted functional assays using a cell-free prion protein (PrP) conversion assay termed protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) and prion-infected cell lines. Here, we report that plasminogen stimulates propagation of the protease-resistant scrapie PrP (PrP(Sc)). Compared to control PMCA conducted without plasminogen, addition of plasminogen in PMCA using wild-type brain material significantly increased PrP conversion, with an EC(50) = ∼56 nM. PrP conversion in PMCA was substantially less efficient with plasminogen-deficient brain material than with wild-type material. The activity stimulating PrP conversion was specific for plasminogen and conserved in its kringle domains. Such activity was abrogated by modification of plasminogen structure and interference of PrP-plasminogen interaction. Kinetic analysis of PrP(Sc) generation demonstrated that the presence of plasminogen in PMCA enhanced the PrP(Sc) production rate to ∼0.97 U/μl/h and reduced turnover time to ∼1 h compared to those (∼0.4 U/μl/h and ∼2.5 h) obtained without supplementation. Furthermore, as observed in PMCA, plasminogen and kringles promoted PrP(Sc) propagation in ScN2a and Elk 21(+) cells. Our results demonstrate that plasminogen functions in stimulating conversion processes and represents the first cellular protein cofactor that enhances the hypothetical mechanism of prion propagation.
THE EFFECTS OF LOW DYE TAPING ON FOOT PRESSURE IN SUBJECTS WITH PLANTAR FASCIITZS (1995)

The purpose of the investigation was to analyze the effect of low dye taping on vertical foot pressure and the path of the centre of pressure (COP) in individuals with plantar fasciitis. Ten subjects (8 females and 2 males) meeting the diagnostic criteria volunteered as subjects. The mean age of the subjects was 28.4 years. Each subject was k e d under two conditions, walking with low dye taping and walking without. Vertical foot pressure and COP was measured using the F-scan Gait Analysis System. Vertical foot pressure was significantly decreased in the rearfoot and midfoot with the application of low dye taping during contact ( t(9) = 2.46, p < 0.036 ) and midstance ( t(9) = 1.12, p < 0.29 ). Analysis of the COP curves revealed no consistent change. During contact, 6 subjects had no significant change in the COP while 4 subjects indicated a slight lateralization. During midstance 8 subjects displayed no change in the COP while 2 subjects displayed lateralization with the application of low dye taping. During propulsion all subjects displayed no sig cant change in the COP when taped. Throughout contact, midstance and propulsion there was no indication of a tendency towards medialization of the COP. The results of this study supports the research indicating that low dye taping decreases the amount of pressure transmitted through the foot during contact and midstance. However, there was no consistent change in the COP curves with the application of low dye taping. In conclusion, based upon the results of this investigation, low dye taping decreases the foot pressure under the rearfoot during contact and under the midfoot during midstance. Low dye taping had no consistent effect on the COP and did not produce medialization of the COP thereby increasing tension on the plantar fascia. Further study is required on the effects of low dye taping on the gait pattern of patient populations.
Predictors of glass transition in the biodegradable poly‐lactide and poly‐lactide‐<i>co</i>‐glycolide polymers (2006)

Abstract The biodegradable polylactide (PLA) and polylactide‐ co ‐glycolides (PLGAs) are being widely investigated for use as scaffolds in bone and ligament reconstruction. The glass transition temperatures ( T g ) for these polymers are generally greater than 37°C, causing PLA and PLGA devices to possess brittle characteristics in physiological conditions. To evaluate the possibility of obtaining PLGA polymers with T g values below 37°C, we evaluated the determinants of T g in PLA and PLGA copolymers. The T g , changes in specific heat capacity (Δ C p ), and enthalpic relaxation (Δ H g ) in two consecutive heating cycles were correlated with lactide/glycolide content and intrinsic viscosity [η] for PLA, PLGAs 90:10, 75:25, 65:35, and 50:50. A linear correlation was observed between T g and intrinsic viscosity, with 0.1 dL/g increase in viscosity resulting in an increase in T g by about 3.55°C. The selection of PLA and PLGA copolymers with [η] values <0.19 dL/g, corresponding to a viscosity average molecular weight of <70 kDa, will obtain PLA/PLGA polymers with T g values below 37°C. The lowest attainable T g values were found to be 28–30°C. Intrinsic viscosity also correlated with Δ C p differences between aged and rapidly cooled polymers, and is therefore important in predicting free volume changes within these polymers upon aging. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1983–1987, 2006
Studies on sperm capacitation using monoclonal antibody - Disappearance of an antigen from the anterior part of mouse sperm head. (1986)

C57BL/6 mice were immunized with cauda epididymal sperm from syngenic mice. A monoclonal antibody (TSC4) was obtained using a hybridization method with myeloma (P3U1) cells. The antibody was examined for its reactivity to sperm from different regions of the reproductive tract of male mice. The antigen was recognized only when the sperm reached the corpus epididymis. The area of antigen present on the sperm membrane was topographically restricted to the anterior part of sperm head. The antigen remained on the sperm after washing with phosphate buffered saline, disappearing, however, when sperm was capacitated.
Characterization of complementary electric field coupled resonant surfaces (2008)

We present angle-resolved free-space transmission and reflection measurements of a surface composed of complementary electric inductive-capacitive (CELC) resonators. By measuring the reflection and transmission coefficients of a CELC surface with different polarizations and particle orientations, we show that the CELC only responds to in-plane magnetic fields. This confirms the Babinet particle duality between the CELC and its complement, the electric field coupled LC resonator. Characterization of the CELC structure serves to expand the current library of resonant elements metamaterial designers can draw upon to make unique materials and surfaces.