gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
skNAC, a Smyd1-interacting transcription factor, is involved in cardiac development and skeletal muscle growth and regeneration (2010)

Cardiac and skeletal muscle development and maintenance require complex interactions between DNA-binding proteins and chromatin remodeling factors. We previously reported that Smyd1, a muscle-restricted histone methyltransferase, is essential for cardiogenesis and functions with a network of cardiac regulatory proteins. Here we show that the muscle-specific transcription factor skNAC is the major binding partner for Smyd1 in the developing heart. Targeted deletion of skNAC in mice resulted in partial embryonic lethality by embryonic day 12.5, with ventricular hypoplasia and decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation that were similar but less severe than in Smyd1 mutants. Expression of Irx4, a ventricle-specific transcription factor down-regulated in hearts lacking Smyd1, also depended on the presence of skNAC. Viable skNAC(-/-) adult mice had reduced postnatal skeletal muscle growth and impaired regenerative capacity after cardiotoxin-induced injury. Satellite cells isolated from skNAC(-/-) mice had impaired survival compared with wild-type littermate satellite cells. Our results indicate that skNAC plays a critical role in ventricular cardiomyocyte expansion and regulates postnatal skeletal muscle growth and regeneration in mice.
Diagnosis of Head and Neck Precancerous Lesions in an Animal Model Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy (1998)

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of tissues depends on their biochemical and histomorphologic characteristics. LIF spectroscopic properties of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced precancerous and early cancerous lesions in a hamster buccal pouch mucosa model were studied. Fluorescence spectra from neoplastic lesions showed a characteristic fluorescence peak in the red region of the visible spectrum centered between 630 and 640 nm when excited with 410-nm light. Using this as a diagnostic criterion, 45 of 49 lesions studied were correctly diagnosed, including early dysplastic lesions. Follow-up study of four dysplastic lesions over 2 weeks revealed an increase in red fluorescence intensity. The findings of these experiments suggest that LIF spectroscopy may be a valuable noninvasive technique not only for early diagnosis of head and neck cancer, but also to probe a possible biochemical surrogate biomarker in the follow-up of suspected lesions.
Micelle formation by butadiene‐styrene block polymers in n‐alkanes (1977)

Abstract Butadiene‐styrene block copolymers form micelles in selective solvents. Micelles of several BS diblock and BSB triblock polymers varying in composition and block length were investigated in n‐hexane, n‐heptane, and n‐decane using light scattering and sedimentation velocity, thus permitting characterization of both the micellar weight and abundance of micellar material. Depending upon polymer structure, solvent, concentration and temperature, solutions can be molecular, wholly micellar or a discrete mixture of both. The dominant structural variable is the length or molecular weight (M s ) of the polystyrene block. For M s < 10, 000, solutions tend to be molecular; for M s > 20, 000, they are essentially all micellar, with mixtures occurring at intermediate M s . At any given M s , increasing length of the polybutadiene block tends to solubilize the polymer. The mean number of molecules per micelle ( n ) depends upon whether the micelles are formed by direct dispersion of the polymer in the solvent at ambient temperature or whether they are formed from a true solution upon cooling. In the first instance, n rises rapidly with M s ; in the second, it is nearly independent of M s . Blending of micellar solutions results in complex behavior with rearrangements to new micelles governed primarily by the thermal history of the solutions.
Importance of concomitant topical therapy in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis treated with cyclosporine (2016)

Cyclosporine (CS) is widely used in patients with refractory atopic dermatitis (AD). During CS treatment, many patients have a tendency to decrease their adherence to topical agents as their disease improves. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and relapse rate of CS treatment combined with topical therapy and CS monotherapy. This prospective, randomized, 6 month study involved 60 patients with moderate-to-severe AD who were randomly assigned to two groups, one receiving CS and topical agents and the other, CS only. Clinical outcomes were based on investigators' global assessment (IGA) scores, eczema areas and severity index scores, and trans-epidermal water loss. If a patient achieved treatment success (IGA score ≤2) during the study period, CS was stopped. Relapse rate and time to relapse were evaluated during the 3 months after discontinuation of CS. The treatment success rate was significantly higher in the combination group (p = 0.028). The combination group had a shorter median time to response (p = 0.040), a lower cumulative dose (p = 0.041), and a longer time to relapse (p < 0.01) than the monotherapy group. Although CS monotherapy is effective against AD, topical agents should be used concomitantly.
Comminution energy efficiency and project economics in magnetite circuit design (2012)

Magnetite ores are mined and processed extensively worldwide and contribute to 40 per cent of global iron ore production.
Establishment of a reverse genetics system for Schmallenberg virus, a newly emerged orthobunyavirus in Europe (2012)

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a newly emerged orthobunyavirus that has caused widespread disease in cattle, sheep and goats in Europe. Like other orthobunyaviruses, SBV is characterized by a tripartite negative-sense RNA genome that encodes four structural and two non-structural proteins. This study showed that SBV has a wide in vitro host range, and that BHK-21 cells are a convenient host for both SBV propagation and assay by plaque titration. The SBV genome segments were cloned as cDNA and a three-plasmid rescue system was established to recover infectious virus. Recombinant virus behaved similarly in cell culture to authentic virus. The ORF for the non-structural NSs protein, encoded on the smallest genome segment, was disrupted by introduction of translation stop codons in the appropriate cDNA, and when this plasmid was used in reverse genetics, a recombinant virus that lacked NSs expression was recovered. This virus had reduced capacity to shut-off host-cell protein synthesis compared with the wild-type virus. In addition, the NSs-deleted virus induced interferon (IFN) in cells, indicating that, like other orthobunyaviruses, NSs functions as an IFN antagonist, most probably by globally inhibiting host-cell metabolism. The development of a robust reverse genetics system for SBV will facilitate investigation of its pathogenic mechanisms as well as the creation of attenuated strains that could be candidate vaccines.
A Novel Ladder Polymer. Two-Step Polymerization of Oxetanyl Oxirane Leading to a “Fused 15-Crown-4 Polymer” Having a High Li<sup>+</sup>−Binding Ability (2003)

A novel ladder polymer, i.e., a “fused 15-crown-4 polymer”, has been synthesized by a two-step polymerization of 3-ethyl-3-oxiranylmethoxymethyloxetane (1). The anionic polymerization of 1 produced the polyoxirane (2) with multiple pendant oxetanyl groups. The second cationic cyclopolymerization of 2 homogeneously proceeded to form gel-free polymers (3), i.e., “fused 15-crown-4 polymers”, having Mns of ca. 13 000 in 60−90% yield. The cation-binding ability of 3 has also been evaluated by a liquid−liquid extraction method using picrates of alkali, alkaline-earth, and transition metals. The metal cation-binding property of 3 strongly depended on the metal cation radius. For 3 having an Mn of 13 200 and Mw/Mn of 2.42, the extraction yields of Li+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ (with radii of 0.68−0.72 Å) were relatively high. Ion selectivity values were similar to those of 14-crown-4.
Context recognition and situation assessment in intelligent autonomous systems (2002)

The capability of recognizing the operating context and of assessing the situation in real-time is needed, if a high functionality intelligent autonomous system (IAS) is to react properly and effectively to continuously changing situations and events, either external or internal, while the system is performing its assigned tasks. A new approach and architecture for context recognition and situation assessment module (CORSA) is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>New technologies to support NASA's Mission to Planet Earth satellite remote sensing product validation: use of an unmanned autopiloted vehicle (UAV) as a platform to conduct remote sensing</title> (1998)

As part of the US Global Change program, NASA has initiated its Mission to Planet Earth Program (MTPE) which requires continuous global satellite measurements over an extended 15 years period. Various US and International Earth Observing Satellites will be launched during this period. To ensure continuity of the measurements, a significant instrument calibration and product validation effort is required and is planned as part of this program. However, the validation of satellite products requires extensive ground truthing which is both costly and time consuming and in many cases limited to specific calibration/validation areas. Thus there is a need to extend this validation effort to include more participants and provide new, more cost effective technologies to support the validation effort. The use of unmanned autopiloted vehicles (UAV) and new miniature high performance instruments have been identified as providing this needed additional capability. This paper discusses the development of a UAV, associated avionics and preliminary remote sensing instruments to support the extension of ground truthing and product validation of NASA's MTPE Programs, specifically, earth observing system. The UAV being described is based on thrust vectoring capabilities and a single-axis pivoted wing or 'freewing' design. This unique UAV system is illustrated along with the proposed autonomous avionics and preliminary remote sensing payloads.
Sensitization to Morphine Induced by Viral-Mediated Gene Transfer (1997)

Repeated administration of morphine sensitizes animals to the stimulant and rewarding properties of the drug. It also selectively increases expression of GluR1 (an AMPA glutamate receptor subunit) in the ventral tegmental area, a midbrain region implicated in morphine action. By viral-mediated gene transfer, a causal relation is shown between these behavioral and biochemical adaptations: Morphine's stimulant and rewarding properties are intensified after microinjections of a viral vector expressing GluR1 into the ventral tegmental area. These results confirm the importance of AMPA receptors in morphine action and demonstrate specific locomotor and motivational adaptations resulting from altered expression of a single localized gene product.
Quantum Error Correction (2020)

Quantum error correction is a set of methods to protect quantum information—that is, quantum states—from unwanted environmental interactions (<italic>decoherence</italic>) and other forms of noise. The information is stored in a <italic>quantum error-correcting code</italic>, which is a subspace in a larger Hilbert space. This code is designed so that the most common errors move the state into an <italic>error space</italic> orthogonal to the original code space while preserving the information in the state. It is possible to determine whether an error has occurred by a suitable measurement and to apply a unitary correction that returns the state to the code space without measuring (and hence disturbing) the protected state itself. In general, codewords of a quantum code are entangled states. No code that stores information can protect against all possible errors; instead, codes are designed to correct a specific <italic>error set</italic>, which should be chosen to match the most likely types of noise. An error set is represented by a set of operators that can multiply the codeword state. Most work on quantum error correction has focused on systems of quantum bits, or <italic>qubits</italic>, which are two-level quantum systems. These can be physically realized by the states of a spin-1/2 particle, the polarization of a single photon, two distinguished levels of a trapped atom or ion, the current states of a microscopic superconducting loop, or many other physical systems. The most widely used codes are the <italic>stabilizer codes</italic>, which are closely related to classical <italic>linear</italic> codes. The code space is the joint +1 eigenspace of a set of commuting Pauli operators on <italic>n</italic> qubits, called <italic>stabilizer generators</italic>; the <italic>error syndrome</italic> is determined by measuring these operators, which allows errors to be diagnosed and corrected. A stabilizer code is characterized by three parameters [[n,k,d]], where n is the number of <italic>physical</italic> qubits, k is the number of encoded <italic>logical</italic> qubits, and d is the minimum distance of the code (the smallest number of simultaneous qubit errors that can transform one valid codeword into another). Every useful code has n>k; this physical redundancy is necessary to detect and correct errors without disturbing the logical state. Quantum error correction is used to protect information in <italic>quantum communication</italic> (where quantum states pass through noisy channels) and <italic>quantum computation</italic> (where quantum states are transformed through a sequence of imperfect computational steps in the presence of environmental decoherence to solve a computational problem). In quantum computation, error correction is just one component of <italic>fault-tolerant</italic> design. Other approaches to error mitigation in quantum systems include <italic>decoherence-free subspaces</italic>, <italic>noiseless subsystems</italic>, and <italic>dynamical decoupling</italic>.
Phase Equilibria in the Ag-Ni-Sn System: Isothermal Sections (2007)

The ternary system Ag-Ni-Sn is one of the constituents of the quaternary system Ag-Cu-Ni-Sn, which is of interest for the investigation of the interactions of Ag-Cu-Sn solder alloys with Ni as a substrate. Until now, only limited research has been done on the Ag-Ni-Sn system, especially in the (Ag,Ni)-rich part, most probably due to experimental difficulties caused by the monotectic reaction in the Ag-Ni binary system, which extends far into the ternary. In the present work a comprehensive study of the phase equilibria in four isothermal sections of the Ag-Ni-Sn system at 200, 450, 700, and 1050°C was carried out employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), metallography, and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). No evidence for the existence of a ternary phase was obtained, and, in most cases, ternary solubilities of the binary phases were found to be insignificant. The liquid miscibility gap at high temperatures caused a number of serious experimental problems during sample preparation.
High-Efficiency, All-Dielectric Metasurfaces Down to the Deep Ultraviolet (2019)

In recent years, researchers have demonstrated various types of high-performance, all-dielectric metasurfaces operating in the infrared (IR) and visible regimes, paving the way towards high-efficiency, multi-functional and compact photonic systems. However, there has been a conspicuous lack of research on metasurfaces designed for operation in the ultraviolet (UV) region, which is the spectral region hosting various important applications such as photolithography, spectroscopy, astronomy, medical therapy, and high-resolution imaging. Unfortunately, direct scaling of the operation frequencies of metasurfaces based on the IR and visible designs down to the UV is challenging, due to the prohibitively high optical loss of typically employed constituent materials (e.g., Si, TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , GaN).
Boosting short circuit current with rationally designed periodic Si nanopillar surface texturing for thin film solar cell (2010)

This work experimentally investigates the impact of the large-scale rational-designed periodic Si nanopillar (SiNP) array structural parameters (e.g. diameter/ periodicity/ height) on the reflectance and hence the absorption of the SiNP array for the first time, and the results are in consistence with our theoretical prediction. Owing to the significantly enhanced light absorption of the optimized SiNP array texturing, a short circuit current density (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> ) of 34.3mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is realized on planar p-n SiNP surface textured solar cell, which is the highest to date among reported Si nanowire (SiNW)/SiNP based solar cells. This is in distinct comparison to J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> of 18.1 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> demonstrated on the solar cell without SiNP, which makes the SiNP array a suitable and promising texturing technology for thin film photovoltaic application (alike the micrometer-scale surface texturing commonly used in Si wafer solar cell).
Spatial Ability in Androgen-Deficient Men (1982)

Several lines of previous evidence have suggested that androgens affect cognitive abilities. In an effort to characterize this defect, we compared 19 men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with 19 control men and with five men with acquired hypergonadotropic hypogonadism that had developed after puberty. The 19 patients with idiopathic hypogonadism had markedly impaired spatial ability in comparison to either controls or subjects with acquired hypogonadism (P less than 0.05). Moreover, the spatial ability of the patients correlated positively with their testicular volume (P less than 0.05). Androgen-replacement therapy in six of the patients did not improve their spatial ability. The impairment in spatial ability in men with the idiopathic form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the lack of such an impairment in men with the acquired form, and the failure to exogenous androgens to correct the deficits in the idiopathic form suggest that androgens exert a permanent organizing influence on the brain before or at puberty in boys.
Polarization-controlled switching between diffraction orders in transverse-periodically aligned nematic liquid crystals (2006)

Transverse-periodic-oriented nematic liquid crystals (LCs) are a special type of optical axis grating that are capable of very high efficiency diffraction (theoretically, 100%) in thin layers of materials with thickness comparable to the radiation wavelength. In particular, they fully diffract linearly polarized input beam into circularly polarized +1st and -1st diffraction orders. We experimentally demonstrate switching between diffraction orders of such gratings when the polarization of the incident beam changes from right-circular to left-circular and vice versa with the aid of an electrically controlled LC phase retarder. Such a setup in which the diffraction efficiency and direction are controlled externally, without application of an electric field to the transverse-periodic grating, provides additional control opportunities and does not compromise the quality of the grating. The grating used in the experiment was 1.5 microm thick and had a period of 4 microm. The contrast ratio of switching between the +1st and -1st orders was as high as 267:1 for a He-Ne laser beam with a switching time of 6.6 ms.
A cosmid for selecting genes by complementation in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> : Selection of the developmentally regulated <i>yA</i> locus (1985)

We constructed a 9.9-kilobase cloning vector, designated pKBY2, for isolating genes by complementation of mutations in Aspergillus nidulans. pKBY2 contains the bacteriophage lambda cos site, to permit in vitro assembly of phage particles; a bacterial origin of replication and genes for resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, to permit propagation in Escherichia coli; the A. nidulans trpC(+) gene, to permit selection in Aspergillus; and a unique BamHI restriction site, to permit insertion of DNA fragments produced by digestion with restriction endonucleases BamHI, BglII, Mbo I, or Sau3A. We used this cosmid to form a quasirandom recombinant DNA library containing 35- to 40-kilobase DNA fragments from a wild-type strain of A. nidulans. DNA from this library transformed a yellow-spored (yA(-)) pabaA(-)trpC(-)Aspergillus strain (FGSC237) to trpC(+) at frequencies of approximately 10 transformants per mug of DNA. Three of approximately 1000 trpC(+)pabaA(-) colonies obtained were putative yA(+) transformants, because they produced wild-type (green) spores. DNA from each of the green-spored transformants contained pKBY2 sequences and DNA from two transformants transduced E. coli to ampicillin resistance following treatment in vitro with a lambda packaging extract. The cosmids recovered in E. coli had similar restriction patterns and both yielded trpC(+) transformants of A. nidulans FGSC237, 85% of which produced green spores. Several lines of evidence indicate that the recovered cosmids contain a wild-type copy of the yA gene.
Movie and video guide (1992)

The 25th anniversary edition! Going strong after 25 years, this movie and video guide by the film correspondent for top-rated Entertainment Tonight offers more than 19,000 capsule movie reviews--with over 300 new entries. Includes updated and expanded indexes of stars and directors, plus an updated list of mail-order sources.
Secure Bidirectional Adaptive Resource Allocation in SDN-Enabled 5G Fronthaul Networks (2018)

We propose a software-defined resource allocation scheme in a mobile fronthaul (MFH) network that supports dynamic processing resource sharing. Our studies point to the feasibility of guaranteed bit error rate (BER) service using adaptation.
Study on the Microstructure and Property of Manganese Steel Composites Strengthened by Ceramic (2011)

The high manganese steel composites were successfully developed by different processes. The connection of high manganese steel-ceramic, the microstructure and abrasion performance of the composites were researched by SEM, mainwhile the connection mechanism and wear mechanism were studied. The results show that the grains of the matrix are refined; the connection is fine; the connection mechanism is diffusional bond; The wear surface had relatively shallow gully; Typical TEM morphologies of super-high manganese steel was high density dislocation, deformation bands, twin.
ANTIWEAR FILM FORMATION BY COMPONENTS OF PASSENGER CAR MOTOR OILS (2002)

Engine testing of new low-sulfur, low-phosphorus anti wear components is expensive and time consuming so bench testing of potential candidates is highly desirable as a first step evaluation. Electrical contact resistance (ECR) has been shown to be a convenient method to assess anti wear film formation in a ball-on-flat bench wear test. Correlation of the bench test to fired engines was demonstrated for lubricants varying only in the type of detergent. Previous papers have examined film formation by one and two component formulations of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP) and detergents. In this study, the ECR technique is systematically extended to formulations including ZnDTP, detergent, and dispersant. Both type and level of components are considered and the implications for engine performance are discussed.