gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance log of JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well: gas hydrate saturation, growth habit, and relative permeability (2005)

Nuclear magnetic resonance well logging can play an important role in characterizing gas hydrate deposits. Combined with density measurements of porosity, it is perhaps the simplest and most reliable means of obtaining accurate values of gas hydrate saturation (fraction of pore space filled with gas hydrate). Nuclear magnetic resonance and other measurements demonstrate that gas hydrate saturations in Mallik 5L-38 tend to be less than 0.2, or between 0.6 and 0.8, with relatively few occurrences between 0.2 and 0.6. Acoustic logs combined with nuclear magnetic resonance show that the growth habit of gas hydrate in sediments is pore filling, not cementing. Finally, nuclear magnetic resonance is used to estimate the hydraulic permeability of gas-hydrate-affected formations. Relative permeability to water as a function of gas hydrate saturation is obtained, and compared to permafrost data and to models.
Alveolar hyperoxic injury in rabbits receiving exogenous surfactant (1989)

We have previously demonstrated that instillation of a calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE) in rabbits after exposure to 100% O2 for 64 h mitigates the progression of lung pathology after return to room air (J. Appl. Physiol. 62: 756-761, 1987). In the present study, we investigated whether we could prevent or reduce the onset and development of hyperoxic lung injury by sequential instillations of CLSE during the hyperoxic exposure. Rabbits were exposed to 100% O2. CLSE (125 mg, approximately 170 mumol of phospholipid) was suspended in 10 ml of sterile saline and instilled intratracheally into their lungs, starting at 24 h in O2, a time at which no physiological or biochemical injury was detected, and at 24-h intervals thereafter. Control rabbits breathed 100% O2 and received either equal volumes of saline or no instillations at all. CLSE-instilled rabbits had higher arterial PO2 (Pao2) values throughout the exposure period and survived longer when compared with saline controls [120 +/- 4 vs. 102 +/- 4 (SE) h; n greater than or equal to 10; P less than 0.05]. At 72 h in O2, CLSE-instilled rabbits had significantly higher lavageable alveolar phospholipid levels (12.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 5 +/- 1 mumol/kg) and total lung capacities (41 +/- 2 vs. 25 +/- 3.5 ml/kg) and lower levels of alveolar protein (24 +/- 3 vs. 52 +/- 8 mg/kg), minimum surface tension (2 +/- 1 vs. 26.1 dyn/cm), and lung wet-to-dry weights (5.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 6.5 +/- 0.3). After 72 h in O2, lungs from both CLSE- and saline-instilled rabbits showed evidence of diffuse hyperoxic injury. However, atelectasis was less prominent in the former. We concluded that instillation of CLSE limits the onset and development of hyperoxic lung injury to the alveolar epithelium of rabbits.
Fast CU size decision based on texture complexity for HEVC intra coding (2013)

The quad-tree based CU partition scheme is one of the new methods proposed in HEVC to achieve higher encoding efficiency at a cost of high computational complexity. In this paper, we proposed a fast coding unit (CU) size decision algorithm for HEVC intra coding. In our method, the complexity of the current CU and its neighbors are firstly analyzed. Since the neighboring CU usually has similar textures, it is possible to employ the complexity of the neighboring CU as a threshold to skip some useless CU size for the current CU partitioning. Experimental results show that our proposed method can speed up original HEVC intra coding by averagely 23.667% with a negligible drop in encoding performance for different video sequences.
Mechanisms of Photoreceptor Death in Retinal Degenerations (1996)

There is still no effective treatment for retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), in which the loss of photoreceptor cells causes visual loss and eventually blindness. In addition to its intrinsic scientific interest, basic research aimed at elucidating the biological mechanisms regulating the survival and function of cones and rods is also important from a clinical perspective, since it could provide a foundation for the development of therapeutic strategies for these diseases. The recent observation that photoreceptor degeneration in several RP animal models occurs through programmed cell death (apoptosis) illustrates this possibility well. This article will present a brief overview of recent research contributions toward the search for treatments for retinal degenerations of genetic origin.
Going Above and Beyond for Linfield (2005)

Professor Brenda DeVore Marshall combines teaching, service and scholarship.
Soft-Tissue-Anchored Percutaneous Device for Long-Term Intracorporeal Access (1989)

A percutaneous device system for long-term intracorporeal access is presented. A technical description of the device is given as well as results from healing in of device dummies and everyday functioning devices both in the short- and long-term perspectives in experimental animals and in human volunteers and patients. Major complications have not been observed by clinical inspection. Histological analyses of the animal experiments indicated that the downgrowth of the epidermal cells was arrested at the most superficial borderline of a preformed cavity region. An increased subepithelial cell density was observed lateral to a moderate sinus tract, but there were no heavy inflammatory cell infiltrations. The clinical success of the implants evaluated appears to be based on the following design factors: (1) selection of titanium as the tissue interfacing surface, (2) surface geometry factors applied, (3) a system of preformed cavities promoting connective-tissue interdigitation, (4) stress relief design of the subcutaneous flange, (5) high-precision surgical instrumentation and method. It is concluded that the results obtained so far are sufficiently promising to justify further controlled clinical trials and extended observation periods.
Long‐Term Antibiotic Treatment for Crohn's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Placebo‐Controlled Trials (2010)

Long-term treatment with nitroimidazoles or clofazimine appears to be effective in patients with Crohn's disease.
Low gluten diet in the treatment of adult coeliac disease: effect on jejunal morphology and serum anti-gluten antibodies. (1988)

Treatment of patients with coeliac disease with a low gluten containing diet (LGD) remains controversial. We have studied jejunal morphology and antigluten (AG) antibody titres by ELISA in patients on a LGD of 2.5-5 g/day for three to 14 months (median six months) and compared results with patients on a strict gluten free diet (GFD) for six to 27 months (median 13 months). We found no significant difference in villous height or crypt depth (eight LGD v 10 GFD patients) or serum AG-IgA, -IgG, and IgM titres (13 LGD v 12 GFD patients). there was however, a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in intra-epithelial lymphocytes in those patients on a LGD. We conclude that adult coeliac patients can tolerate a LGD without gross morphological change and without initiating significant AG antibody responses.
Simulated augmented reality windshield display as a cognitive mapping aid for elder driver navigation (2009)

A common effect of aging is decline in spatial cognition. This is an issue for all elders, but particularly for elder drivers. To address this driving issue, we propose a novel concept of an in-vehicle navigation display system that displays navigation information directly onto the vehicle's windshield, superimposing it on the driver's view of the actual road. An evaluation of our simulated version of this display shows that it results in a significant reduction in navigation errors and distraction-related measures compared to a typical in-car navigation display for elder drivers. These results help us understand how context-sensitive information and a simulated augmented reality representation can be combined to minimize the cognitive load in translating between virtual/information spaces and the real world.
Enhanced detection of pathogenic enteric viruses in coastal marine environment by concentration using methacrylate monolithic chromatographic supports paired with quantitative PCR (2016)

Currently, around 50% of the world's population lives in towns and cities within 100 km of the coast. Monitoring of viruses that are frequently present in contaminated coastal environments, such as rotavirus (RoV) and norovirus (NoV), which are also the major cause of human viral gastroenteritis, is essential to ensure the safe use of these water bodies. Since exposure to as few as 10-100 particles of RoV or NoV may induce gastrointestinal disease, there is a need to develop a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method for their detection in coastal water samples. In this study, we evaluate the application of methacrylate monolithic chromatographic columns, commercially available as convective interaction media (CIM<sup>®</sup>), to concentrate pathogenic enteric viruses from saline water samples prior to virus quantification by one-step reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Using RoV and NoV as model enteric viruses, we present our results on the most effective viral concentration conditions from saline water matrices using butyl (C4) hydrophobic interaction monolithic support (CIM<sup>®</sup> C4). C4 monolithic columns exhibit a good capacity to bind both RoV and NoV and both viruses can be eluted in a single step. Our protocol using a 1 ml C4 column enables processing of 400 ml saline water samples in less than 60 min and increases the sensitivity of RoV and NoV detection by approximately 50-fold and 10-fold respectively. The protocol was also scaled up using larger capacity 8 ml C4 columns to process 4000 ml of seawater samples with concentration factors of 300-fold for RoV and 40-fold for NoV, without any significant increase in processing time. Furthermore, C4 monolithic columns were adapted for field use in an on-site application of RoV concentration from seawater samples with performance equivalent to that of the reference laboratory setup. Overall, the results from successful deployment of CIM C4 columns for concentration of rotavirus and norovirus in seawater samples reiterate the utility of monolithic supports as efficient, scalable and modular preparative tools for processing environmental water samples to enhance viral detection using molecular methods.
Accelerated puberty and late-onset hypothalamic hypogonadism in female transgenic skinny mice overexpressing leptin (2000)

Excess or loss of body fat can be associated with infertility, suggesting that adequate fat mass is essential for proper reproductive function. Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that is involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure, and its synthesis and secretion are markedly increased in obesity. Short-term administration of leptin accelerates the onset of puberty in normal mice and corrects the sterility of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. These findings suggest a role for leptin as an endocrine signal between fat depots and the reproductive axis, but the effect of hyperleptinemia on the initiation and maintenance of reproductive function has not been elucidated. To address this issue, we examined the reproductive phenotypes of female transgenic skinny mice with elevated plasma leptin concentrations comparable to those in obese subjects. With no apparent adipose tissue, female transgenic skinny mice exhibit accelerated puberty and intact fertility at younger ages followed by successful delivery of healthy pups. However, at older ages, they develop hypothalamic hypogonadism characterized by prolonged menstrual cycles, atrophic ovary, reduced hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone contents, and poor pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion. This study has demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge that accelerated puberty and late-onset hypothalamic hypogonadism are associated with chronic hyperleptinemia, thereby leading to a better understanding of the pathophysiological and therapeutic implication of leptin.
Matrix metalloproteinases in tumour invasion and metastasis (1999)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteolytic enzymes, which are involved in the degradation of many different components of the extracellular matrix. The MMPs have been classified into different groups including collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, and others, particularly membrane-type MMPs, based mainly on the in vitro substrate specificity of individual MMPs. There is increasing evidence to indicate that individual MMPs have important roles in tumour invasion and metastasis. However, the current concept of the role of MMPs in tumour invasion is that they not only have a direct role in tumour invasion by facilitating extracellular matrix degradation, but as a consequence they also have an important role in maintaining the tumour micro-environment and thus promoting tumour growth. Inhibiting the action of MMPs represents a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of individual types of cancer and several broad-spectrum, low-molecular-weight MMP inhibitors are currently being assessed for clinical use. This review examines the role of MMPs in tumour invasion and metastasis, with an emphasis on studies of clinical relevance.
Estudio de la capacidad intelectual (Test de matrices progresivas de Raven) en escolares chilenos de 5 a 18 años.: I. Antecedentes generales, normas y recomendaciones (2003)

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la capacidad intelectual (CI) de una muestra representativa de 4.258 escolares de la Region Metropolitana de Chile, por medio del Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven, con el objeto de confrontar los baremos obtenidos, con aquellos establecidos por Raven. La validez del test se evaluo mediante su asociacion con el test de Goodenough y con el rendimiento escolar (RE) y, la confiabilidad, mediante test-retest. El estudio en terreno se efectuo durante el periodo 1986-1987 y el retest, en 1989. Los resultados mostraron que la CI se distribuyo normalmente en la muestra, ya que el 6.4% y 6.8% registro una CI superior e intelectualmente deficiente, respectivamente; 21.4% y 20.6% , inferior y superior al promedio, respectivamente y 44.5%, normal. Los baremos obtenidos para los escolares de la Region Metropolitana de Chile, tanto para la escala especial como general, son similares a los estandares de Raven y a los obtenidos para ninos de otros paises. En relacion a la validez del test, se constato una correlacion positiva con el test de Goodenough (r= 0.202 p< 0.0001) y con el RE, la cual se incremento con la edad, desde 0.445 (p< 0.0001) en escolares de I ano basico, a 0.602 (p< 0.0001), en los escolares que egresan de IV ano medio; por otra parte, se encontro un alto riesgo relativo, aproximadamente 8.0, entre la CI y el RE. Con respecto a la confiabilidad del test, la mayor parte de la muestra (76.3%), conservo o elevo su percentil. Los resultados confirman que el Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven puede ser utilizado en educacion, con el objeto de conocer la CI de los escolares, considerando que en Chile, pocas investigaciones se han efectuado sobre estos aspectos.
Characteristics of carbon monoxide sensors made by polar and nonpolar zinc oxide nanowires gated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (2013)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with polar and nonpolar ZnO nanowires modified gate exhibit significant changes in channel conductance upon exposure to different concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) at room temperature. The ZnO nanowires, grown by chemical vapor deposition, with perfect crystal quality will attach CO molecules and release electrons, which will lead to a change of surface charge in the gate region of the HEMTs, inducing a higher positive charge on the AlGaN surface, and increasing the piezo-induced charge density in the HEMTs channel. These electrons create an image positive charge on the gate region for the required neutrality, thus increasing the drain current of the HEMTs. The HEMTs source-drain current was highly dependent on the CO concentration. The limit of detection achieved was 400 ppm and 3200 ppm in the open cavity with continuous gas flow using a 50 × 50 μm2 gate sensing area for polar and nonpolar ZnO nanowire gated HEMTs sensor, respectively.
Adaptive Packet Resizing by Spatial Locality and Data Sharing for Energy-Efficient NOC (2013)

Single-processor chips have given way to multicore chips to enable a cost-effective implementation of computer systems. Toward continuous performance scaling, Network-On-Chip (NOC) is the communication architecture supporting the core count increase to hundreds or thousands in multicore chips. Low-power, low-latency, and high-bandwidth support in the NOC design is critical for meeting performance and energy targets of the overall system. Much of previous work has focused on improving the NOC design but without more fully taking into consideration the communication characteristics and the interplay with cache memory that can be exploited in the NOC design. In this paper, low spatial locality within cache blocks is exploited in reducing memory traffic toward energy savings in the NOC. We present a spatial locality predictor that separately manages different degrees of spatial locality across shared and private blocks for better prediction accuracy. To further optimize performance and power in the NOC, we present the adaptive control of the predictor and packet data resizing techniques. Evaluations for the 16-core system running PARSEC benchmarks reveal that our spatial-locality based packet resizing improves NOC power consumption on average by 21% (up to 33%).
Erbium laser ablation of dental hard tissue: Effect of water cooling (1996)

The studies confirm the feasibility of using an Er:YAG laser in conjunction with a water spray to safely and effectively remove hard dental tissues.
Observational study on the mitotic rate and other prognostic factors in cutaneous primary melanoma arising from naevi and from melanoma <i>de novo</i> (2014)

When mitosis ≥ 1 mm/mm(2) , the results obtained do not show a better or worse prognosis based on Breslow's thickness, ulceration and MR in melanomas associated with naevus vs. melanomas de novo. When ≥6 mitosis/mm(2) are considered, the number of patients in the de novo melanoma group with thick melanoma is highly more represented. The debate about the cut-off value of mitosis ≥1 mm(2) is open.
Acute locomotor responses to cocaine in adolescents vs. adults from four divergent inbred mouse strains (2010)

Growing evidence suggests that adolescent mice display differential sensitivity to the acute locomotor activating effects of cocaine as compared to adults, but the direction of the difference varies across studies and the reasons are not clear. Few studies have directly examined genetic contributions to age differences in locomotor stimulation from cocaine. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which reduced stimulation in C57BL/6J adolescents as compared to adults generalizes to other strains. Therefore, we examined male and female mice from four genetically divergent inbred stains (BALB/cByJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J and FVB/NJ) at two ages, postnatal day 30 and postnatal day 65. Mice received either saline or cocaine (15 or 30 mg/kg), and then immediately were placed back into their home cages. Locomotor activity was recorded continuously in the home cage by video tracking. Adolescents displayed reduced stimulation as compared to adults for C57BL/6J, BALB/cByJ and female FVB/NJ mice. No age differences were observed for DBA/2J or male FVB/NJ. No main effects of sex were observed. Strain differences in pharmacokinetics, neural development or physiology could contribute to the observed differences between ages across strains. Future comparative studies could discover biological differences between strains that explain age differences in cocaine sensitivity.
High-Performance Split-Gate-Enhanced UMOSFET With Dual Channels (2017)

This paper presents an optimized split-gateenhanced trench MOSFET with dual channels (DSGEUMOS). The 2-D device simulator ATLAS is used to investigate the characteristics of the proposed structure. When compared with the conventional SGE-UMOS, the optimized device shows a significant reduction in the specific on-resistance (RON-sp) at a breakdown voltage of 120 V, which is due to the adoption of an additional p-type well region. Furthermore, the proposed structure can also enhance the single-event burnout (SEB) survivability. Based on the DSGE-UMOS, the hardened DSGE-UMOS (an n-type buffer layer is added between the epitaxial layer and substrate layer) is also investigated that the addition of the buffer layer can improve the SEB performance a lot.
Photochemistry of 7-syn-isobutylnorborn-2-en-2-yl methyl ketone. Intramolecular hydrogen abstraction in an α,β-unsaturated ketone with geometrically equivalent α- and β-carbon atoms (1978)

Preparation and photolysis of 7-syn-isobutylnorborn-2-en-2-yl methyl ketone (7) and its deuteriated isomer (8) are described. Irradiation of (7) in its n,π* band (λ > 3 400 Å) leads to two volatile isomers (11)(55%) and (13)(10%), whilst (8) gives (11d) and (13d). The same products were obtained on irradiation of (7) and (8) in the π,π* band (λ > 2 500 Å), along with two additional ketones, the photoreduction product (16) and the dienone (25). These results indicate that isomerization of (7) occurs through hydrogen abstraction by the β-carbon atom of the enone system, but not the α-carbon atom. Thus minimization of stereochemical and geometric differences between α and β carbons relative to the abstractable hydrogen does not suffice to elicit abstraction at both centres. The structure of the brexane photoproduct (13) was secured through independent synthesis from olefinic ester (38a). Synthesis of (7), (8), and (13) made use of the novel reaction of a norbornene with trichloroacetyl isocyanate to form an unsaturated nitrile [as (31)→(34) and (38)→(39)].
Amorphous Iron Orthovanadate (FeVO<sub>4</sub>) as Cathode Active Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Cells (1993)

The amorphous iron orthovanaiate(FeVO4) was prepared and apPI ied for a cathode act ive material for rechargeable l ithium cel ls The chargedischarge reaction wi th the insert ion and deinsertion of l ithium ion proceede reversibly to give good cycl ing behavior 1 1NTRODUCTIO A variety of feasible studies have been presented for cathode act ive materials of rechargeable l ithium cel ls Some workers including us have recommended amorphous cathode materials to improve cycl ing behavior A V205-P205 91assy material as a typical exaPle reported by Sakurai and Yamaki ould be an interesting cathode in practical apPlicationb There have been many studies on the apPlication of vanadium containing oxides for the cathode Among these oxides little attention has been lenoted to iron orthovanadate(FeVO4) though expected to be one of the promising cathode materials from the crystal structure analysis2) The charge-discharge characteristics of the crystal line FeVO4 prepare by thermal reaction of V205 and Fe203 were briefly reported in patent literature and were poor in the cycling behavior4) In this study the authors have tried to prepare amorphous FeVO45) and apPlied for the cathode active material of rechargeable l ithium cel ls