gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Na,K-ATPase transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi requires the Golgi spectrin–ankyrin G119 skeleton in Madin Darby canine kidney cells (1997)

Spectrin (betaISigma*) and ankyrin (AnkG119) associate with Golgi membranes and the dynactin complex, but their role in vesicle trafficking remains uncertain. We find that the actin-binding domain and membrane-association domain 1 (MAD1) of betaI spectrin together form a constitutive Golgi targeting signal in transfected MDCK cells. Expression of this signal in transfected cells disrupts the endogenous Golgi spectrin skeleton and blocks transport of alpha- and beta-Na,K-ATPase and vesicular stomatitis virus-G protein from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but does not disrupt the formation of Golgi stacks, the distribution of beta-COP, or the transport and surface display of E-cadherin. The Golgi spectrin skeleton is thus required for the transport of a subset of membrane proteins from the ER to the Golgi. We postulate that together with polyfunctional adapter proteins such as AnkG119, Golgi spectrin forms a docking complex that acts prior to the cis-Golgi, presumably with vesicular-tubular clusters (VTCs or ERGIC), to sequester specific membrane proteins into vesicles transiting between the ER and Golgi, and subsequently (probably involving other isoforms of spectrin and ankyrin) to mediate cargo transport within the Golgi and to other membrane compartments. We hypothesize that this vesicular spectrin-ankyrin adapter-protein trafficking (or tethering) system (SAATS) mediates the capture and transport of many membrane proteins and acts in conjunction with vesicle-targeting molecules to effect the efficient transport of cargo proteins.
Mycoplasma auris sp. nov., Mycoplasma cottewii sp. nov., and Mycoplasma yeatsii sp. nov., New Sterol-Requiring Mollicutes from the External Ear Canals of Goats (1994)

Three mycoplasma strains, designated GIHT (T = type strain), UIAT, and VIST, were isolated from the external ear canals of goats and were shown to be serologically distinct from each other and from previously described Acholeplasma, Entomoplasma, Mesoplasma, and Mycoplasma species. Using light and transmission electron microscopy, we showed that the cells of these organisms were small, pleomorphic, coccoid, nonmotile, and nonhelical and that each cell was surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane. There was no evidence of a cell wall, and the organisms grew freely in media containing penicillin at concentrations of 1,000 U/ml or more and thallous acetate (final concentration, 1:4,000) and produced the "fried-egg" morphology typical of most mollicutes. Growth occurred both aerobically and anaerobically (as determined by the GasPak method). The ability to catabolize glucose and mannose and the ability to hydrolyze arginine varied among the three strains. All three strains required sterol for growth, and none of the strains hydrolyzed urea. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the DNAs of strains UIAT, VIST, and GIHT were determined to be 26.9, 27.0, and 26.6 mol%, respectively. Our data indicate that the three strains represent new Mycoplasma species, for which we propose the names Mycoplasma auris, Mycoplasma cottewii, and Mycoplasma yeatsii. The type strain of M. auris is UIA (= ATCC 51348 = NCTC 11731), the type strain of M. cottewii is VIS (= ATCC 51347 = NCTC 11732), and the type strain of M. yeatsii is GIH (= ATCC 51346 = NCTC 11730).
Extracorporeal immunoadsorption treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. (2002)

Immunoadsorption treatment is a non-drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment is based on filtering the patient's plasma through a column containing staphylococcal protein A. The treatment is effective in alleviating the symptoms of severe rheumatoid arthritis in some patients. Data on long-term outcomes are not available. The mechanism of action of this treatment is unclear. Most adverse effects are associated with the apheresis procedure. The cost per 12 week course of treatment is likely to be more than C $20,000. The cost-effectiveness of the technology is not yet established.
Massive Neutrinos and the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe (1980)

If neutrinos dominate the mass density of the Universe, they play a critical role in the gravitational instability theory of galaxy formation. For neutrinos of mass $30{m}_{30}$ eV, a maximum Jeans mass ${M}_{\ensuremath{\nu}m}\ensuremath{\approx}4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}{{m}_{30}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ is derived. On smaller scales, neutrino fluctuations are damped, and the growth of baryon fluctuations is greatly inhibited. Structures on scales $>{M}_{\ensuremath{\nu}m}$ may collapse, forming galaxies as in Zel'dovich's "pancake" theory.
Nonlinear digital imaging (2015)

Nonlinear imaging systems can surpass the limits of linear optics, but to date they have all relied on physical media (e.g. crystals) to work. These materials are all constrained by their physical properties, such as frequency selectivity, environmental sensitivity, time behavior, and fixed nonlinear response. Here, we show that electro-optic spatial light modulators (SLMs) can take the place of traditional nonlinear media, provided that there is a feedback between the shape of the object and the pattern on the modulator. This feedback creates a designer illumination that generalizes the field of adaptive optics to include object-dependent patterns. Unlike physical media, the SLM response can provide arbitrary mathematical functions, operate over broad bandwidths at high speeds, and work equally well at high power and single-photon levels. We demonstrate the method experimentally for both coherent and incoherent light.
Improving TCP Performance Using PDU Reordering in WiBro Multi FA Access Terminal (2008)

WiBro network which supports one specific channel bandwidth and frequency combination (8.75 MHz channel bandwidth at 2.3 GHz frequency) has to allow any mobile WiMax wave 1 and 2 devices to work in its cell in the future. AT using two 8.75 MHz FAs (frequency assignment) not only gives compatibility with Wave 1 and 2 devices but also supports higher data rate than AT using one 8.75 FA. However this AT does not guarantee delivering order of MAC (Medium Access Control) PDU (Protocol Data Unit) which has effect on TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) performance because of the disadvantage of TCP cumulative ACK (Acknowledge). In this paper we propose PDU reordering algorithm to improve TCP performance and AT architecture having access to two FAs at once.
Controlling the Cellular Organization of Tissue‐Engineered Cardiac Constructs (2004)

There are currently no effective treatments to restore the cardiac muscle lost because of ischemia for the millions of people who suffer heart attacks annually. Cell therapy procedures have emerged as novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of heart failure after myocardial infarction but have been hampered by the lack of adequate cell sources of cardiomyocytes and by the inability to integrate cell grafts into cardiac muscle. A cardiac patch composed of organized and functional cardiomyocytes could drastically enhance the efficacy of this important clinical approach. Here, we report our ongoing efforts to develop a bioartificial cardiac muscle capable of synchronized multidirectional contraction within a three-dimensional hydrogel scaffold. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and reconstituted polymeric collagen enriched with growth factors and hormones are used. A bioreactor system is used to impart precise strains onto the developing tissue constructs in vitro. The results demonstrate that cell-mediated collagen compaction is significantly enhanced by strain preconditioning, resulting in a more favorable cellular organization. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that strain stimulation guides cellular orientation in the direction of applied strain (i.e., in the circumferential direction). Hence, we demonstrate the importance of mechanical preconditioning as a means of promoting the in vitro development of engineered cardiac muscle for use with myocardial regeneration therapies.
An active single-chain antibody containing a cellulase linker domain is secreted by <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

Single-chain antibodies consist of the variable, antigen-binding domains of antibodies joined to a continuous polypeptide by genetically engineered peptide linkers. We have used the flexible interdomain linker region of a fungal cellulase to link together the variable domains of an anti-2-phenyloxazolone IgG1 and show here that the resulting single-chain antibody is efficiently secreted and released to the culture medium of Escherichia coli. The yield of affinity-purified single-chain antibody is 1-2 mg/l of culture medium and its affinity and stability are comparable to those of the corresponding native IgG.
Polymer blend LEDs using polyfluorene copolymers and thermally cross-linked fluoropolymers (2004)

The use of conjugated light emitting polymers (LEPs) blended in non-conjugated matrices offers an enhancement in electroluminescence efficiency in polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) since the aggregate quenching of the excited state emission is ameliorated. In such a scheme the matrix polymer may be developed in order to enhance the thermal, mechanical, and processing properties of the LEP blend as a whole. We have produced solution processable blends of polyfluorene (PF) based copolymers with thermally crosslinkable perfluoroarylether (PFAE) polymers and tested these materials' performance as a single emissive layer in the simplest PLED structure. Specifically we present results of blends consisting of red poly[{9,9-dihexyl-2,7-bis(1-cyanovinylene)fluorenyl-ene}-alt-co-{2,5-bis(N,N'-diphenylamino)-1,4-phenylene}] as the LEP and a novel PFAE which is thermally crosslinked as the matrix. The new PFAE has been specifically developed for low optical loss, high glass transition temperature (T<sub>g</sub>), and solution process-ability. Once spun cast and thermally crosslinked, films of these polymer blends show increased solvent resistance and enhanced T<sub>g </sub>due to the fluoropolymer matrix. Simple ITO/polymer/Al PLEDs of several concentration ratios are fabricated and tested in order to determine the efficacy of various matrix additions. The light-current density-voltage characteristics show either equivalent or enhanced efficiency depending on LEP/PFAE concentration. Blends of the PFAE and PF copolymer LEPs are patterned into 6μm waveguide structures utilizing the solvent resistance afforded by the crosslinked PFAE matrix.
Regulation of the <i>Caulobacter</i> flagellar gene hierarchy; not just for motility (1997)

The Caulobacter crescentus flagellum serves not only as a motility apparatus, but also as a key landmark in the differentiation of this asymmetrically dividing bacterium. A distinctive aspect of flagellum biosynthesis is the periodic expression of the flagellar genes during the cell cycle in a sequence corresponding to the order of gene product assembly into the growing flagellum. This program of gene expression is achieved in part by the organization of flagellar genes into a four-tiered regulatory hierarchy that controls their expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Because of the close interconnection of the developmental program to the asymmetric cell-division cycle in C. crescentus, studies of flagellar gene regulation and motility have also begun to reveal basic mechanisms responsible for control of the cell cycle itself. Here, we review recent work on regulation of the flagellar gene hierarchy in C. crescentus and consider regulatory mechanisms that are distinct from those described in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
Perforator flap magnetic resonance angiography for reconstructive breast surgery: A review of 25 deep inferior epigastric and gluteal perforator artery flap patients (2010)

MRA accurately maps rectus and gluteal muscle perforator arteries for preoperative planning of autologous flaps for breast reconstruction.
Industrial Automation as a Cloud Service (2014)

New cloud services are being developed to support a wide variety of real-life applications. In this paper, we introduce a new cloud service: industrial automation, which includes different functionalities from feedback control and telemetry to plant optimization and enterprise management. We focus our study on the feedback control layer as the most time-critical and demanding functionality. Today's large-scale industrial automation projects are expensive and time-consuming. Hence, we propose a new cloud-based automation architecture, and we analyze cost and time savings under the proposed architecture. We show that significant cost and time savings can be achieved, mainly due to the virtualization of controllers and the reduction of hardware cost and associated labor. However, the major difficulties in providing cloud-based industrial automation systems are timeliness and reliability. Offering automation functionalities from the cloud over the Internet puts the controlled processes at risk due to varying communication delays and potential failure of virtual machines and/or links. Thus, we design an adaptive delay compensator and a distributed fault tolerance algorithm to mitigate delays and failures, respectively. We theoretically analyze the performance of the proposed architecture when compared to the traditional systems and prove zero or negligible change in performance. To experimentally evaluate our approach, we implement our controllers on commercial clouds and use them to control: (i) a physical model of a solar power plant, where we show that the fault-tolerance algorithm effectively makes the system unaware of faults, and (ii) industry-standard emulation with large injected delays and disturbances, where we show that the proposed cloud-based controllers perform indistinguishably from the best-known counterparts: local controllers.
Riboside einiger cytotoxischer Purinderivate (1962)

Abstract Eine einfache Methode zur Darstellung von 6‐Chlor‐9‐[2.3.5‐tribenzoyl‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranosyl]‐purin wird beschrieben. Durch Aminolyse mit Äthylamin, Histamin, Äthylendiamin sowie L ‐Lysin und anschließende Abspaltung der Benzoylreste wurden die 6‐ N NH 2 ‐substituierten Adenosinderivate dargestellt.
Computer‐assisted surgery planning for lower extremity deformity correction by the Ilizarov method (1995)

Starting in 1952, Prof. Gavril Ilizarov, a Russian orthopedic surgeon, devised a complex method of long bone deformity correction using an external bone fixation system consisting of rings and wires. We have developed a computer-assisted surgery planning system to aid in correction using the Ilizarov method. The hardware for the system is composed of an ultrasonic digitizer as input device, an HI plotter as output device, a 386/486 personal computer with super VGA monitor, and a mouse interfacing between user and computer. The software includes two separate programs. The main program is a menu-driven two-dimensional graphics program, which divides the planning procedure into several major stages, including preoperative planning and postoperative verification. The second program uses the information generated from the first program to create an image of the ideal three-dimensional frame construction to give a general impression of the appearance of the constructed frame. J Image Guid Surg 1:103–108 (1995). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A 40–550 MHz Harmonic-Free All-Digital Delay-Locked Loop Using a Variable SAR Algorithm (2007)

A wide-range all-digital delay-locked loop (ADDLL) is presented to achieve low jitter, low power and process immunity. The variable successive approximation register-controlled algorithm is proposed to eliminate the harmonic-locking issue in wide-range operation. It can also achieve the fast-locking property and closed-loop operation. With the balanced edge combiner, the ADDLL outputs a synchronous clock with the duty cycle close to 50% when the duty cycle of the input clock varies from 20% to 80%. Fabricated in 0.18mum CMOS technology, the ADDLL maintains a fixed one input clock cycle latency from 40MHz to 550MHz without the harmonic-locking issue. It dissipates 12.6mW from a 1.8V supply at 550 MHz. The measured root-mean-square and peak-to-peak jitters at 550MHz are 1.5ps and 12ps, respectively
[The evaluation of the bone marrow accumulation of Ga-67 citrate]. (1989)

The bone marrow distribution of Ga-67 citrate may be influenced by various elements in serum. In order to make these points clear, 1,955 whole body images were reviewed on the relationship between the accumulation of bone marrow and laboratory examination data of each patients. Increasing accumulation in the bone marrow was determined as positive when the bones of lower extremities were deposited on the images, because these bones was not visualized in normal gallium image. Laboratory data of 20 patients without having bone marrow accumulation was used as control. The positive findings of bone marrow accumulation was observed in 38 patients (2%) including 23 malignancies and 15 benign disease. The malignant tumor infiltration to the bone marrow was demonstrated by bone marrow aspiration biopsy in 2 out of 7 patients with bone marrow accumulation of Ga-67. Seven out of 15 patients with benign disease were collagen disease such as aortitis syndrome or SLE. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron and creatinine clearance were significantly lower in the patients with positive findings in comparison with control. These results suggest that the lower level of serum iron and anemia may cause increasing bone marrow accumulation of Ga-67 citrate.
Premium Rating by Geographic Area Using Spatial Models (1994)

Abstract This paper gives a method for premium rating by postcode area. The method is based on spatial models in a Bayesian framework and uses the Gibbs sampler for estimation. A summary of the theory of Bayesian spatial methods is given and the data which was analysed by Taylor (1989) is reanalysed. An indication is given of the wide range of models within this class which would be suitable for insurance data. The aim of the paper is to introduce the models and to show how they can be utilised in an insurance setting.
Influence of fluorinated surfactants on the efficacy of some post-emergence sulfonylurea herbicides (2007)

Fluorinated non-ionic surfactants were assessed as adjuvants for tribenuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl and foramsulfuron. The compared adjuvants included hydroxy-terminated fluorinated polyether (PF-151N), polyoxyethylene-alpha-fluoro-omega-(2-hydroxyethyl)poly(difluoromethylene) (Zonyl FSN-100), and polyoxyethylene(23) lauryl ether (Brij 35). Greenhouse experiments were performed to evaluate these surfactants both for their efficacy in controlling weeds and selectivity to crops. Tribenuron-methyl and triflusulfuron-methyl absorption into catchweed and giant foxtail leaves due to surfactant addition was also estimated. Zonyl FSN-100 and Brij 35 allowed a reduction in the application rate of triflusulfuron-methyl to nearly 1/2 of the labelled rate to control redroot pigweed. The foramsulfuron rate was reduced by more than 50% to control barnyardgrass thanks to the addition of Zonyl FSN-100 and it controlled giant foxtail only applied at the maximum labelled rate and mixed with Zonyl FSN-100. Tribenuron-methyl activity against poppy was only slightly enhanced by the use of adjuvants. Tribenuron-methyl efficacy was clearly enhanced by the use of adjuvants to control catchweed; however, the required dose was not lower than the labelled one. The addition of adjuvants induced slight phytotoxicity in the crops. Brij 35 caused the greatest absorption of triflusulfuron-methyl into giant foxtail leaves and of tribenuron-methyl into catchweed leaves.
Automated Training of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Cell Segmentation (2017)

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) have recently emerged as superior for many image segmentation tasks. The DCNN performance is however heavily dependent on the availability of large amounts of problem-specific training samples. Here we show that DCNNs trained on ground truth created automatically using fluorescently labeled cells, perform similar to manual annotations.
Language Identification: a Neural Network Approach (2014)

One of the first tasks when building a Natural Language application is the detection of the used language in order to adapt the system to that language. This task has been addressed several times. Nevertheless most of these attempts were performed a long time ago when the amount of computer data and the computational power were limited. In this article we analyze and explain the use of a neural network for language identification, where features can be extracted automatically, and therefore, easy to adapt to new languages. In our experiments we got some surprises, namely with the two Chinese variants, whose forced us for some language-dependent tweaking of the neural network. At the end, the network had a precision of 95%, only failing for the Portuguese language.
“Zero<i>trans</i>” margarines: Preparation, structure, and properties of interesterified soybean oil‐Soy trisaturate blends (1977)

Abstract and Summar The sodium methoxide‐catalyzed random interesterification of liquid soybean oil‐soy trisaturate blends was explored as a possible route to zero trans margarine oils. Lipase hydrolysis of the rearranged fats showed that with 0.2% catalyst, interesterification is complete within 30 min at 75–80 C. The glyceride structures of natural and randomized soybean oil‐soy trisaturate blends are presented, and relationships between their structure and physical properties are discussed. Organoleptic evaluations showed that randomization of the glyceride structure had no adverse effects on flavor and oxidative stability. Flavor evaluations made against a commercially hardened tub margarine oil showed that interesterified oil had comparable initial and aged flavor scores. X‐ray diffraction studies demonstrated that randomized soybean oil‐soy trisaturate blends possess the beta‐prime crystal structure desirable for use in margarine production. Dilatometric data indicate that random interesterification of 20% by weight of soy trisaturate into the glyceride structure of soybean oil provides a product having a solid fat index suitable for use in a soft tub margarine.
Software engineering and middleware (2000)

Article Software engineering and middleware: a roadmap Share on Author: Wolfgang Emmerich Dept. of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK Dept. of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICSE '00: Proceedings of the Conference on The Future of Software EngineeringMay 2000 Pages 117–129https://doi.org/10.1145/336512.336542Published:01 May 2000 109citation3,217DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations109Total Downloads3,217Last 12 Months44Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access