gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobility and singularity analysis of a selectively actuated parallel mechanism (2004)

A parallel mechanism (PM) based on 3-limb design termed a Selectively Actuated Parallel Mechanism (SAPM) is proposed. Each limb of the mechanism consists of two concentric passive revolute joints, two passive prismatic joints, and a 2-DOF actuator which can produce both translation and rotation along the same axis. A geometrical approach based on the reciprocal screws is proposed for both mobility analysis and singularity analysis. The mobility analysis shows that the end-effector of the PM can produce 3-DOF spherical motion, 3-DOF translation, 3-DOF hybrid motion, or complex 6-DOF spatial motion depending on the types of the actuation (rotary or linear) chosen for the actuators. Specially, the mechanism architecture decouples translation and rotation of the end-effector for individual control. A Lego model of the SA-PM are built for the constructibility and preliminary study. Singularity analysis of the SA-PM is presented for all actuation schemes to facilitate the kinematic design of the mechanism. Because of the decoupled motion, the SA-PM has a great potential for high precision motion alignment and assembly, especially in microor nano-motion stage design.
Identification of the site of phosphorylation of the chemotaxis response regulator protein, CheY (1989)

The protein (Escherichia coli CheY) that controls the direction of flagellar rotation during bacterial chemotaxis has been shown to be phosphorylated on the aspartate 57 residue. The residue phosphorylated is present within a conserved sequence in every member of a family of bacterial regulatory proteins. The phosphorylation is transient, with a much shorter half-life than that expected of a simple acyl phosphate intermediate, indicating that the sequence and conformation of the protein is designed to achieve a rapid hydrolysis. The CheY-phosphate linkage can be reductively cleaved by sodium borohydride. High-performance tandem mass-spectrometric analysis of proteolytic peptides derived from [3H]borohydride-reduced phosphorylated CheY protein was used to identify the position of phosphorylation. Mutants with altered aspartate 57 exhibited no chemotaxis. When aspartate 13, another conserved residue, was changed, greatly reduced chemotaxis was observed, suggesting an important role for aspartate 13. The rate-determining step of chemotactic signaling is governed by the kinetics of formation and hydrolysis of the CheY protein phosphoaspartate bond. The CheY protein apparently functions as a protein phosphatase that possesses a transient covalent intermediate. Transient phosphorylation of an aspartate residue is an effective mechanism for producing a biochemical signal with a short concentration-independent half-life. The duration of the signal can be controlled by small structural elements within the phosphorylated protein.
Maximization of nonlinear fluorescence from ultrasmall (≤2 nm) semiconductor quantum dots to be used for deep tissue imaging (2009)

We propose the use of ultrasmall semiconductor quantum dots (USQDs) for specialized bio-imaging applications, and discuss methods for enhancing fluorescent signals from USQDs to be used for two-photon-absorption based deep tissue imaging. In particular, we report optimizing the excitation wavelength for two-photon absorption-induced fluorescence (TPAF) in CdSe/ZnS SQDs and demonstrate a 68-fold enhancement in the fluorescence signal when the TPAF excitation wavelength is changed from 900 nm to 780 nm.
Magnetic resonance imaging profiles predict clinical response to early reperfusion: The diffusion and perfusion imaging evaluation for understanding stroke evolution (DEFUSE) study (2006)

For stroke patients treated 3 to 6 hours after onset, baseline MRI findings can identify subgroups that are likely to benefit from reperfusion therapies and can potentially identify subgroups that are unlikely to benefit or may be harmed.
PP.07.05 (2015)

Objective: To investigate the effect of Mongolia Astragalus that is one of Chinese herbal medicine originating in Longxi of Gansu Province on cardiac and nephritic function in patients of essential hypertension (EH) with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Design and method: This study was designed as a prospective, open label, parallel randomized controlled trial. Two hundred and twenty-six EH patients with MetS over the age of 18 years were selected. Patients were randomly assigned to control group (adopted conventional medical treatment), Astragalus group 1 (added Astragalus capsules10 g/d) and Astragalus group 2 (added Astragalus capsules 5 g/d). Some indicators of the cardiac anatomy structures, the cardiac systolic function and diastolic function were measured by M-mode echocardiography, two-dimensional echocardiography, doppler echocardiographic determination and tissue Doppler imaging. The level of urinary microalbuminuria (MAU) was evaluated by radioimmunoassay. In addition, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formulas. The changes of related indicators for cardiac and nephritic function were compared between pre-treatment and post-treatments after 12 months follow-up. Research programs was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Register Website and approved by The Ethics Committee of Lanzhou University Second Hospital. Each patient signed an informed consent. Results: The all metabolic related indicators did not differ in three groups (P > 0.05). The cardiac anatomy structure and the indicators of cardiac systolic function have no significant difference in these three groups (P > 0.05). The ratio of early diastolic peak flow velocity and early diastolic mitral annular velocity ratio (E / E ’) was reduced in Astragalus group1 than those of in Astragalus group 2 (P < 0.05). And it in both Astragalus group1 and Astragalus group2 were all superior to that in conventional treatment group (P < 0.05). Astragalus had a significant effect on MAU reduction (P = 0.044), and this effect was dosage related of astragalus (P = 0.036). Conclusions: Comparing with only conventional treatment, Astragalus combined with conventional treatment could improve the left ventricular diastolic function and reduce the MAU at certain extent in EH patients with MetS. These effects were more superior within high-dose of Astragalus than those of low-dose Astragalus in some aspects.
MPEG-7 meta-data enhanced encoder system for embedded systems (2004)

We describe a MPEG-7 Meta-Data enhanced Audio-Visual Encoder system that targets DVD recorders. We extract features in the compressed domain with both video and audio, which allows us to add the meta-data extraction without altering the hardware architecture of the encoder core. Our feature extraction algorithms are simple, and thus implementable through a simple combination of software and hardware on the integrated DVD chip. The primary application of the meta-data is video summarization, which enables rapid browsing of stored video by the end user. The simplicity of our summarization and feature extraction algorithms enables incorporation of the powerful functionality of smart content navigation through content summarization, into the DVD recorder at a low cost.
Drying and Dehydration (2004)

This chapter reviews basic concepts of drying and dehydration, includingmass balance analyses. Equilibrium moisture content, water activity, and relatedparameters are discussed. Drying methods and drier types are briefly discussed.
TNF‐α regulates early differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts in an autocrine fashion (2001)

ABSTRACT Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) has long been known to mediate skeletal muscle protein catabolism as a humoral factor. However, recent findings that muscle normally synthesizes TNF‐α and that strenuous exercise increases circulating TNF‐α in healthy individuals raised the possibility that this cytokine may also have a physiological role in skeletal muscle. In this study, we observed a basal level of TNF‐α expression in C2C12 myoblasts that was markedly up‐regulated by serum restriction. Serum restriction also increased nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity, which could be blocked by a TNF‐α‐neutralizing antibody. This antibody also inhibited the expression of a differentiation marker, adult fast myosin heavy chain, during the initial 24 h of serum restriction. Conversely, fast myosin heavy chain expression was stimulated by exogenous TNF‐α during the same time period, which could be blocked by a dominant negative inhibitor of NF‐κB activation. TNF‐α rapidly stimulated the binding activity of serum response factor (SRF), a transcription factor required for myoblast differentiation, and expression of the SRF‐dependent skeletal muscle α‐actin gene. These results demonstrate for the first time that TNF‐α is an endogenous muscle factor that promotes the early phase of differentiation by stimulating NF‐κB and SRF activity.
Ontogeny of angiotensin II type 2 receptor mRNA expression in fetal and neonatal rat brain (1999)

Recent studies have provided evidence for a specific role of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) in in vitro neuron differentiation, and in AT2 knock-out mice that display central neurological anomalies. The role of AT2 in brain development is currently unknown. By using radiolabeled cRNA probes for in situ hybridization histochemistry, we determined the ontogenic development of AT2 mRNA in fetal and neonatal rat brain, from 11 days of gestation (E11) to 28 days postnatal (P28). Brain AT2 mRNA is first detected in the lateral hypothalamic neuroepithelium at E13. AT2 mRNA is detected beginning at E15 in the subthalamic and hypoglossus nuclei; at E17 in the pedunculopontine nucleus, cerebellum, motor facial nucleus, and the inferior olivary complex; at E19 in the thalamus, bed nucleus of the supraoptic decussation, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, locus coeruleus, and supragenual nucleus; and at E21 in the lateral septal and medial amygdaloid nuclei, medial geniculate body, and the superior colliculus. The substantia nigra and many telencephalic and medullary nuclei express AT2 mRNA only after birth. Certain structures express AT2 mRNA strongly but transiently during embryonic life, such as the differentiating lateral hypothalamic area at E13, the superior olivary complex at E19 and E21, and the red nucleus at E15 and E17. In conclusion, during brain development, expression of AT2 mRNA appears early at E13, is strongly but transiently expressed in certain structures, and is high and persists until brain maturity in nuclei involved in motor functions and sensory integration. Our results support a dual role of AT2 during brain development in early maturation and differentiation, but also in modulation of established functions during perinatal and adult life.
Epidermal migration during the healing of suction blisters in rat skin: A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study (1978)

Fluid-filled blisters, created on the skin of the inner surface of the pinna of heparinized rats by the application of suction, showed an intact basal lamina through which protruded hairs and remnants of hair follicles. The origin of epithelial cells and their spreading over the basal lamina were studied at intervals over 36 hours using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The majority of epidermal cells arose from the outer root sheath of hair follicles and began to spread radially before 12 hours. By 36 hours the cells were confluent over most of the blister base. Inflammatory cells were few in number and rested mainly on the bare basal lamina rather than on the resurfacing cells. Some elongated epidermal cells showing tapering foot processes appeared to be migrating in from the epidermis at the edge of the blisters. The cells spreading from hair follicles were flat and polygonal. On these sheets of cells a few small folds and many filopodia were present at intercellular junctions and at the free margin of the leading cells. Large numbers of short microvilli covered the surface of some of the epidermal cells, especially at 24 and 36 hours; other epidermal cells were relatively smooth.
Gender Differences in Pharmacokinetics of Alcohol (2001)

The gender difference in alcohol levels is due mainly to a smaller gastric metabolism in females (because of a significantly lesser activity of chi-ADH), rather than to differences in gastric emptying or in hepatic oxidation of ethanol. The concentration-dependency of these effects may explain earlier discrepancies. The combined pharmacokinetic differences may increase the vulnerability of women to the effects of ethanol.
SHAREK: A Scalable Dynamic Ride Sharing System (2015)

Due to its significant economic and environmental impact, sharing the ride among a number of drivers (i.e., Car pooling) has recently gained significant interest from industry and academia. Hence, a number of ride sharing services have appeared along with various algorithms on how to match a rider request to a driver who can provide the ride sharing service. However, existing techniques have several limitations that affect the quality of the ride sharing service, and hence hinder its wide applicability. This paper proposes SHAREK, a scalable and efficient ride sharing service that overcomes the limitations of existing approaches. SHAREK allows riders requesting the ride sharing service to indicate the maximum price they are willing to pay for the service and the maximum waiting time before being picked up. In the mean time, SHAREK computes the price of the service based on the distance of the rider trip and the detour that the driver will make to offer the service. Then, SHAREK returns a set of drivers that can make it to the rider within its price and temporal constraints. Since there could be many of such drivers, SHAREK internally prunes those drivers that are dominated by others, i.e., They provide higher price and higher waiting time than other drivers. To realize its efficiency and scalability, SHAREK employs a set of early pruning techniques that minimize the need for any actual shortest path computations.
Edible acid-base indicators (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEdible acid-base indicatorsRobert C. Mebane and Thomas R. Rybolt Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 4, 285Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1985Published inissue 1 April 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ed062p285RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1514Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (663 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Nonstitch Suprachoroidal Technique for T-flux Implantation in Deep Sclerectomy (2009)

A nonstitch technique for suprachoroidal T-flux implantation in deep sclerectomy is described. The foot of the T-flux is introduced into the suprachoroidal space through an incision created just posterior to the scleral spur. As both arms of the T-flux implant are also introduced into the surgically created ostia in the Schlemm's canal, the 3-point fixation makes it unnecessary to secure the implant with a suture.
Effects of Naltrexone on the Subjective Response to Amphetamine in Healthy Volunteers (2004)

While dopaminergic mechanisms in amphetamine-taking behavior have been extensively studied, the contribution of the endogenous opioid system is less clear. We assessed the effects of an opioid antagonist, naltrexone (50 mg), on the subjective response to an oral dose of dexamphetamine (30 mg) in 12 healthy volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Volunteers received a total of 4 combinations of the study preparation (placebo-naltrexone, placebo-amphetamine) over 4 occasions with 1-week intervals. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with naltrexone on the subjective response to amphetamine. This was measured using a Visual Analog Scale, assessing the subjective effects over 7 hours. The secondary objective was to measure the effects of naltrexone on behavioral and physiologic responses to amphetamine. This was measured by blood pressure, heart rate, skin conductance, and speed of reading at the end of each session. Amphetamine produced significant effects on subjective arousal when compared to placebo after 1 hour (P < 0.001) and continued to be evident until 7 hours. Pretreatment with naltrexone significantly attenuated the subjective effects of amphetamine (P < 0.05), and this effect was time-dependent with a reduction from the 3-hour time point. Naltrexone did not influence the behavioral and physiologic effects of amphetamine in this sample. The results provide preliminary evidence that naltrexone may reduce the reinforcing effects of amphetamine via modulation of the opioid system. The potential of naltrexone as an adjunct pharmaceutical for the treatment of amphetamine dependence is promising and needs to be investigated further.
Efficient rational sampling rate alteration using IIR filters (2000)

The problem of changing the sampling rate of a signal by a rational factor of L/M is discussed. It is shown that infinite impulse response (IIR) filters can be efficiently implemented using the polyphase decomposition. The computational cost of the recursive and nonrecursive parts of the interpolation filter are considered separately, and a gain in efficiency of a factor of LM/(L+M-1) is achieved for the recursive part. This gain is only significant when both L and M are larger than one.
Acetal Formation for Ketones and Aromatic Aldehydes with Methanol<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetal Formation for Ketones and Aromatic Aldehydes with Methanol1James M. Bell, D. G. Kubler, P. Sartwell, and Richard G. ZeppCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 12, 4284–4292Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01023a067https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01023a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1385Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Methods for large data volumes from confocal scanning laser microscopy of lung (1993)

Confocal scanning laser microscopy makes it possible to obtain series of optical sections in precise registration. Certain studies of lung parenchyma, however, require both the fine resolution obtainable with high-numerical-aperture (NA) objectives and the extensive fields of view that usually would be achieved only with low-NA objectives. This article presents a technique that resolves this conflict by using a sequence of operations: (i) to correct intensity variations on individual sections due to non-uniform illumination/detection characteristics of the microscope; (ii) to correct intensity variations between successive sections in a series due to, for example, depth-related absorption or step changes in detector sensitivity; (iii) to adjust adjacent, overlapping stacks of sections to a common intensity level; and (iv) to fuse a group of such overlapping stacks into a single series of larger sections. This resulting stack may contain, for example, a complete cross-section of an alveolar ductal unit about 500 microns or more in diameter at about 1-micron pixel resolution.
Ground connection soldering techniques of high density ceramics substrate of transmit/receive module and its reliability (2002)

The operation frequency of Transmit/Receive (T/R) module for active phased-array radar is very high (at least above 1000 MHz). The ground connection between the back side metal plating of the functional elements and the substrate carrier of the T/R module is so important that it can directly affect the performance and reliability of the functional elements and T/R module. In this paper, the following techniques are studied: conduction and reliability of the via hole between top side and back side of the thin film or thick film microwave circuit substrate, control of soldering stress and deformations; solderability of available materials; and soldering processing technology. Highly reliable T/R modules are successfully manufactured by using soldering in place of screws.
Polymer monoliths as efficient solid phases for enzymatic polynucleotide degradation followed by fast <scp>HPLC</scp> analysis (2013)

Two ribonuclease A bioreactors based on lab-made macroporous monolithic columns and intended for polynucleotide degradation were prepared using in situ free-radical polymerization. Different methods of enzyme immobilization were applied. In the first case, the biocatalyst molecule was attached to the solid surface via direct covalent binding, while in the second bioreactor the flexible-chain synthetic polymer was used as an intermediate spacer. The effect of temperature, substrate flow rate, and loaded sample volume on the biocatalytic efficiency of the immobilized enzyme was examined. The kinetic parameters of the enzymatic degradation of synthetic polycytidylic acid were calculated and compared to those found for hydrolysis with soluble ribonuclease A. The monitoring of substrate splitting was carried out by means of fast anion-exchange HPLC on an ultra-short monolithic column (disk) using off- and on-line analytical approaches.
Development of New Protecting Groups for Guanine Residue in Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Synthesis (1991)

Attempts were made to develop new protecting groups for 1,6-lactam function of 2-N-acyl guanine in oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Several acyl groups, aryl groups, and carbamoyl groups were tested. Dimethylcarbamoyl and phenylacetyl groups are shown to be a good combination for guanine residue. 6-O-Di-methylcarbamoyl-2-N-pheylacetyl-2'-deoxy guanosine have been successfully used in the synthesis of d[AAGCTT], which is Hind Ⅲ recognition sequence.