gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Liver as a Lymphoid Organ (2009)

The liver receives blood from both the systemic circulation and the intestine, and in distinctive, thin-walled sinusoids this mixture passes over a large macrophage population, termed Kupffer cells. The exposure of liver cells to antigens, and to microbial products derived from the intestinal bacteria, has resulted in a distinctive local immune environment. Innate lymphocytes, including both natural killer cells and natural killer T cells, are unusually abundant in the liver. Multiple populations of nonhematopoietic liver cells, including sinusoidal endothelial cells, stellate cells located in the subendothelial space, and liver parenchymal cells, take on the roles of antigen-presenting cells. These cells present antigen in the context of immunosuppressive cytokines and inhibitory cell surface ligands, and immune responses to liver antigens often result in tolerance. Important human pathogens, including hepatitis C virus and the malaria parasite, exploit the liver's environment, subvert immunity, and establish persistent infection.
GP^2S: Generic Privacy-Preservation Solutions for Approximate Aggregation of Sensor Data (concise contribution) (2008)

Protecting privacy in sensor networks poses new challenges because of the potential incompatibilities between new privacy-preserving mechanisms and mechanisms already implemented in sensor networks (such as in-network data aggregation). To address this problem, we propose in this paper a set of new privacy-preservation data aggregation schemes. Different from past research, our solutions have the following features: supporting data aggregation for a variety of queries; providing privacy protection for both individual data and aggregate data; being resilient to any number of node collusion; being highly efficient.
An Improved Method for the Preparation of Chondroitin by Solvolytic Desulfation of Chondroitin Sulfates (1979)

By heating the pyridinium salts of chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfates in dimethyl sulfoxide containing 10% of water or methanol at 80 degrees C for 1--5 h, several chondroitin preparations with sulfur contents of 0.02--1.05% were prepared in 83--96% yields, respectively. Chemical properties of the preparations, such as degrees of desulfation and of depolymerization, were compared with those of the products obtained by the previously described methods.
Monodisperse Cu@PtCu nanocrystals and their conversion into hollow-PtCu nanostructures for methanol oxidation (2013)

In this study, we report a facile one-pot strategy towards highly monodisperse and hexagonal shaped bimetallic Pt–Cu nanocrystals with a pure Cu-core coated with a PtCu alloy shell (designated as Cu@PtCu nanocrystals). The Cu@PtCu nanocrystals can be deposited on commercial carbon black evenly and the Cu core in the Cu@PtCu nanocrystal can be selectively etched. The resulting hollow-PtCu/C is a high-performance electro-catalyst for methanol oxidation. It has been demonstrated that the hollow-PtCu/C had a methanol oxidation specific activity of 1.77 mA cm−2 and a mass activity of 0.889 A mgPt−1, which are far better than those of solid-PtCu/C and commercial Pt/C catalysts. The hollow-PtCu/C also exhibited better tolerance to poisoning species and is more stable under electro-oxidation conditions. The results reported herein suggest that superior catalysts can be developed by engineering the structure/composition of the nanocrystals.
An Efficient and Facile Synthesis of 5‐(Thiophene‐2‐carbonyl)‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐tetrahydro‐pyrimidin‐2(1<i>H</i>)‐one and 6‐(Thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1<i>H</i>)‐one from Same Substrates Under Different Conditions (2014)

A series of 5‐(thiophene‐2‐carbonyl)‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐2(1 H )‐one and 6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1 H )‐one derivatives have been synthesized from the reactions of aromatic aldehydes, 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐(thien‐2‐yl)butane‐1,3‐dione and urea under the different conditions with high yields. In this research, it was found that the p ‐toluenesulfonic acid was an efficient catalyst for obtaining 5‐(thiophene‐2‐carbonyl)‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐2(1 H )‐one derivative. At the same time, solvent‐free and NaOH were the preferred conditions for the synthesis of 6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1 H )‐one derivative. Moreover, because of short reaction time, excellent yields, simple setup, this research offered an efficient process for preparing these kind compounds.
An EWMA-based process mean estimator with dynamic tuning capability (2002)

Abstract In this paper, we focus on the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) process mean estimator and its application to process adjustment. A novel dynamic-tuning EWMA estimator is proposed that has the capability of adjusting the control parameter dynamically in response to the underlying process random shifts. The current run's process mean is estimated using the EWMA equation and the newly adjusted control parameter. It is shown that the proposed estimator is very easy to implement and effective under many disturbance situations. Both industrial field data and Monte Carlo simulations are used to validate its performance.
Frequency reference for crystal free radio (2016)

To reduce the cost of a sensor node, complete system integration implies zero external components. A system solution is therefore presented to calibrate the frequency of an on-chip relaxation oscillator to be used as a frequency reference for low power crystal free wireless communication.
Object detection and tracking using an EM-based motion estimation and segmentation framework (2002)

This paper addresses the segmentation and subsequent tracking of the moving objects within a video sequence. The approach is to jointly produce segmentations and motion parameters which minimise the interframe coding rate of the video sequence. This minimisation is performed using a previously proposed framework based on the expectation-maximisation (EM) algorithm and the minimum description length (MDL) estimate. The paper concentrates on extensions of this framework which have been incorporated to ensure spatial and temporal coherence in the output segmentation sequence. The work has been conducted considering video coding applications and in particular, the MPEG-4 standardisation effort.
Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs: Substituent Effects on the Properties of Nitro <i>seco</i>-1,2,9,9a-Tetrahydrocyclopropa[<i>c</i>]benz[<i>e</i>]indol-4-one (nitroCBI) Prodrugs of DNA Minor Groove Alkylating Agents (2009)

Nitrochloromethylbenzindolines (nitroCBIs) are a new class of hypoxia-activated prodrugs for antitumor therapy. The recently reported prototypes undergo hypoxia-selective metabolism to form potent DNA minor groove alkylating agents and are selectively toxic to some but not all hypoxic tumor cell lines. Here we report a series of 31 analogues that bear an extra electron-withdrawing substituent that serves to raise the one-electron reduction potential of the nitroCBI. We identify a subset of compounds, those with a basic side chain and sulfonamide or carboxamide substituent, that have consistently high hypoxic selectivity. The best of these, with a 7-sulfonamide substituent, displays hypoxic cytotoxicity ratios of 275 and 330 in Skov3 and HT29 human tumor cell lines, respectively. This compound (28) is efficiently and selectively metabolized to the corresponding aminoCBI, is selectively cytotoxic under hypoxia in all 11 cell lines examined, and demonstrates activity against hypoxic tumor cells in a human tumor xenograft in vivo.
Multimodal embodied agents (2002)

1 Believable interactive embodied agents Among the goals of research on autonomous agents one important aim is to build believable interactive embodied agents that are apt to application to friendly interfaces in e-commerce, tourist and service query systems, entertainment (e.g. synthetic actors) and education (pedagogical agents, agents for help and instruction to the hearing impaired).
New options from big chips (1979)

The 16-bit 8086 microprocessor introduces to MOS digital design some speed-up techniques well-known to computer architects. Limits on the die size barred these techniques in the past, but with new MOS processes, transistor packing densities are sufficient to use them. As a result, it is possible to design significantly improved performance into the 16-bit 8086 without relying totally on the faster circuits allowed by the new MOS processes. A somewhat novel approach was selected instead for the 8086 design. It was decided to leave out any circuit that did not speed up most of the instructions and to use a system of processor pipelining to increase the average speed of the instruction set. In this way performance is maintained without allowing the die size to grow dangerously large. The 8086 operates under microprogram control. When handled properly, microcode can drive a processor as fast as random logic control.
Effect of polymyxin on the ultrastructure of the outer membrane of wild-type and polymyxin-resistant strain of Salmonella (1976)

The effect of polymyxin on two sets of Salmonella mutants was studied by thin-section and scanning electron microscopy. Polymyxin (in increasing concentrations, starting just below bactericidal effect) caused the appearance of the previously described rodlike projections on the cell surface of wild-type (smooth, polymyxin-sensitive) bacteria. These projections seemed to involve the outer membrane of the cell wall. In rough mutants, which are deficient in lipopolysaccharide, the projections were much smaller and flat. Higher concentrations of polymyxin were required to produce morphological effects in polyxmin-resistant mutants of both smooth and rough forms. Furthermore, in these mutants polymyxin caused vesicle-like bulging of the total outer membrane quite different in appearance from the rodlike projections of the wild type.
Analysis of Genes Involved in Biosynthesis of Coronafacic Acid, the Polyketide Component of the Phytotoxin Coronatine (1998)

Coronafacic acid (CFA) is the polyketide component of coronatine (COR), a phytotoxin produced by the plant-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. The genes involved in CFA biosynthesis are encoded by a single transcript which encompasses 19 kb of the COR gene cluster. In the present study, the nucleotide sequence was determined for a 4-kb region located at the 3' end of the CFA biosynthetic gene cluster. Three open reading frames were identified and designated cfa8, cfa9, and tnp1; the predicted translation products of these genes showed relatedness to oxidoreductases, thioesterases, and transposases, respectively. The translational products of cfa8 and cfa9 were overproduced in Escherichia coli BL21; however, tnp1 was not translated in these experiments. Mutagenesis and complementation analysis indicated that cfa8 is required for the production of CFA and COR. Analysis of a cfa9 mutant indicated that this gene is dispensable for CFA and COR production but may increase the release of enzyme-bound products from the COR pathway; tnp1, however, had no obvious function in CFA or COR biosynthesis. A genetic strategy was used to produce CFA in a P. syringae strain which lacks the COR gene cluster; this approach will be useful in future studies designed to investigate biosynthetic products of the CFA gene cluster.
Complexity-scalable MPEG-4 FGS streaming for UMA (2003)

This paper presents a systematic approach to establish the complexity scalability of MPEG-4 Fine-Granular-Scalability (FGS) to fulfill the requirements of Universal Multimedia Access (UMA). We also present receiver-driven streaming strategies using the proposed FGS-based system.
Load Signature Formulation for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Based on Current Measurements (2017)

In this paper we present a new methodology for the formulation of efficient load signatures towards the implementation of a near-real time Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) approach. The purpose of this work relies on defining representative current values regarding the 1st, 3rd and 5th harmonic orders to be utilized in the load signatures formulation. A measurement setup has been developed and steady-state measurements have been performed in a Low Voltage residence. A data processing methodology is proposed aiming to depict representative current values for each harmonic order in order to keep the load signature short and simple. In addition, a simple disaggregation scheme is proposed under linear equations for the disaggregation mode in order to examine the near-real time application of the methodology. The analysis indicates that the developed load signatures could be efficient for a per second application rate of the NILM algorithm. The results show that the higher harmonic currents facilitate the identification performance. Finally, the analysis concludes that for combinations that include appliances with intense harmonic content, the phase angle of the higher for harmonic currents should also be considered to the load signatures formulation.
발표논문(發表論文) : 우리나라 노인복지법제의 현황과 과제 (2011)

The one of the most epoch-making changes of 21 century society is aged of population. This country is as very speedy of an increasing rate of population as can`t inquire into the origin of it in the world. In 2010 the aging rate of Korea is over 11%. It is more immediate than others to prepare for aged society that have so many social and political problems. If I inquire into social welfare legislation for the elderly in Korea as fields of welfare as following. First, as social insurance law, National Pension Act, Long-term Care Insurance Act for the Aged, Employment Insurance Act, second as public assistance law, Basic Pension Act for Aged, National Basic Living Security Act. Medical Care Assistance Act, third as social welfare service law welfare law for Aged, including Welfare of the aged Act, Act on the Promotion and Guarantee of Access for the Disabled, the Aged, and Pregnant Women to Facilities and Information, Employment Promotion for the Aged Act, and as the acts about relating welfare system, Senior Product Industry Promotion Act, the Falling Birthrate and the Aging of Society Basic Act and so on. But social welfare law system for elderly of Korea is partially and separately because these are made up as taking measures suited to the occasions. These law system for elderly as being temporary means are criticised that this law system have not solved social needs of social welfare supply systemically and all aroundly. In this side, reform of welfare law system is main work to solve imminently in elderly society. After the law for the welfare of the aged is established in 1981, social welfare laws for the aged are in various sides, especially going into 2000 the legislation for the welfare of the aged of Korea is developed epochally because Korea entered aging society as UN population standard. At the present time there is nothing to speak of basic law about welfare for the aged. Welfare of the aged Act is just welfare service law for the aged focusing on facilities welfare and about care for the aged Long-term Care Insurance Act for the Aged plays an important part, and so it can not be called the basic law about welfare for the aged, Thus it is urgently to establish the basic law about welfare for the aged.
Use of 18F labelled fluorocarbon-11 to investigate the fate of inhaled fluorocarbons in man and in the rat (1974)

<b>Williams, Faith M., Draffan, G. H., Dollery, C. T., Clark, J. C., Palmer, A. J., and Vernon, P. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 99-103. <b>Use of <sup>18</sup>F labelled fluorocarbon-11 to investigate the fate of inhaled fluorocarbons in man and in the rat.</b> The distribution and elimination of <sup>18</sup>F labelled fluorocarbon-11 has been followed in a group of rats killed after air breathing following six minutes9 exposure to <sup>18</sup>F fluorocarbon-11. Whole body and individual organ count rates were measured. In four volunteers the fate of <sup>18</sup>F labelled fluorocarbon-11 was followed by both whole body counting and gamma camera measurement of the activity in the lung and mouth region after inhalation from a specially loaded aerosol dispenser. In the rat there was a high initial level in high blood flow organs and in the adrenals and fat: the level in blood and high blood flow organs fell rapidly. Elimination from fat was slow but the adrenal level had fallen within one hour. The fall in whole body count rate was similar to that in fat. In man, the fall in lung concentration was consistent with rapid uptake into tissues followed by slow elimination; the whole body count rate curve also indicated slow elimination. There was no evidence of deposition of droplets of fluorocarbon in the mouth region after use of the aerosol.
"Smart" infusion apparatus for computation and automated delivery of loading, tapering, and maintenance infusion regimens of lidocaine, procainamide, and theophylline (2005)

"Smart" infusion apparatus now computes loading and tapering infusion protocols to achieve and maintain chosen serum lidocaine levels for patients, using a 2-compartment model of lidocaine. The apparatus, an HP-41CV hand calculator with appropriate interface, delivers the regimen automatically, starting up and controlling an IVAC Model 1500 volumetric infusion pump with its IVAC computer interface module. The device appears capable of similar computation and automated administration of many other drugs such as procainamide and theophylline. Preliminary upward adjustments of the regimen can also be made in the apparatus now, without recourse to an external computer.
Atomic Resolution (0.94 Å) Structure of <i>Clostridium acidurici</i> Ferredoxin. Detailed Geometry of [4Fe-4S] Clusters in a Protein<sup>,</sup> (1997)

The crystal structure of the 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxin from Clostridium acidurici has been solved using X-ray diffraction data extending to atomic resolution, 0.94 A, recorded at 100 K. The model was refined with anisotropic representation of atomic displacement parameters for all non-hydrogen atoms and with hydrogens riding on their parent atoms. Stereochemical restraints were applied to the protein chain but not to the iron-sulfur clusters. The final R factor is 10.03 % for all data. Inversion of the final least-squares matrix allowed direct estimation of the errors of individual parameters. The estimated errors in positions for protein main chain atoms are below 0.02 A and about 0.003 A for the heavier [4Fe-4S] cluster atoms. Significant differences between the stereochemistry of the two clusters and distortion of both of them from ideal Td tetrahedral symmetry can be defined in detail at this level of accuracy. Regions of alternative conformations include not only protein side chains but also two regions of the main chain. One such region is the loop of residues 25-29, which was highly disordered in the room temperature structure.
Semiconcurrent error detection in data paths (2001)

A high-level synthesis strategy is proposed for design of semiconcurrently self-checking devices. Attention is mainly focused on data path design. After identifying the reference architecture against which cost and performance are evaluated, a simultaneous scheduling-and-allocation strategy is presented for linear-code data flow graphs, allowing resource sharing between nominal and checking data paths. The proposed strategy is actually independent from a specific scheduling-and-allocation algorithm since it is essentially concerned with the introduction of the fault tolerance issue at high-abstraction level in any design environment. Conventional duplication with comparison, even if considered in a high-level synthesis strategy, leads to high circuit complexity increase. The proposed approach provides that the required checking periodicity is satisfied while minimizing additional functional units by means of maximum reuse of the resources available for the nominal computation as long as error detection ability is preserved. The strategy is then extended to deal with branches and loops in the data path. Risk of error aliasing due to resource sharing is analyzed.
Design and evaluation of potent peptide‐mimetic PAR<sub>1</sub> antagonists (2003)

Abstract The serine protease α‐thrombin is a powerful mediator of cellular responses, not only playing a key regulatory role in the maintenance of normal hemostasis, but also contributing more broadly to a range of physiological and potentially pathological conditions. Most of the cellular actions attributed to α‐thrombin have been linked to the activation of a family of seven‐transmembrane G‐protein‐coupled protease‐activated receptors, termed PARs. Of the four family members identified, PAR 1 has received recognition as the most significant receptor for mediating thrombin's cellular actions. Thus, the development of a potent, selective antagonist of PAR 1 would be an important and essential tool to probe the physiological and potential pathological roles of PAR 1 . In this review, we provide a synopsis of our de novo design approach to the discovery of selective PAR 1 antagonists, exemplified by RWJ‐58259, along with the in vitro and in vivo studies performed to demonstrate the important role of this receptor in thrombosis and vascular injury. RWJ‐58259 demonstrated antithrombotic activity in a model of vascular injury‐induced thrombosis in cynomolgus monkeys and prevented neointimal proliferation in a rat balloon angioplasty model. These seminal studies clearly lay the groundwork for more detailed preclinical in vivo studies and ultimately, advancing PAR 1 antagonists into human clinical studies. Expanded chemical synthetic efforts and other novel technologies targeted to PAR 1 and its intracellular signaling pathways are already on the horizon in an effort to further modulate thrombin's biological actions. Drug Dev. Res. 59:355–366, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A piezomagnetoelastic structure for broadband vibration energy harvesting (2009)

This letter introduces a piezomagnetoelastic device for substantial enhancement of piezoelectric power generation in vibration energy harvesting. Electromechanical equations describing the nonlinear system are given along with theoretical simulations. Experimental performance of the piezomagnetoelastic generator exhibits qualitative agreement with the theory, yielding large-amplitude periodic oscillations for excitations over a frequency range. Comparisons are presented against the conventional case without magnetic buckling and superiority of the piezomagnetoelastic structure as a broadband electric generator is proven. The piezomagnetoelastic generator results in a 200% increase in the open-circuit voltage amplitude (hence promising an 800% increase in the power amplitude).
Performance evaluation of OFDM with the compensation technique of the nonlinear distortion using partial transmit sequence and predistortion (2002)

To improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of the linearized constant power coded OFDM (LCP-COFDM),that is, the compensating technique used for nonlinear distortion, we propose a technique that combines the partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique with the LCP-COFDM technique. By means of computer simulation, we evaluate the BER and power spectrum density (PSD) performances of the proposed technique. In the BER performance evaluation, we consider both cases where the side information of the PTS technique is coded and uncoded by error correction codes. As a result, we show that the proposed technique can improve the BER performance, while keeping very low out-of-band emission.
A fast and automatic hole-filling method based on feature line recovery (2017)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.