gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Polymer Nanostructures by Injection Molding (2003)

Abstract The nanometer scale topography of self‐assembling structural protein complexes in animals is believed to induce favorable cell responses. An important example of such nanostructured biological complexes is fibrillar collagen that possesses a cross‐striation structure with a periodicity of 69 nm and a peak‐to‐valley distance of 4–6 nm. Bovine collagen type I was assembled into fibrillar structures in vitro and sedimented onto solid supports. Their structural motif was transferred into a nickel replica by physical vapor deposition of a small‐grained metal layer followed by galvanic plating. The resulting inverted nickel structure was found to faithfully present most of the micrometer and nanometer scale topography of the biological original. This nickel replica was used as a die for the injection molding of a range of different thermoplastic polymers. Total injection molding cycle times were in the range of 30–45 seconds. One of the polymer materials investigated, polyethylene, displayed poor replication of the biological nanotopographical motif. However, the majority of the polymers showed very high replication fidelity as witnessed by their ability to replicate the cross‐striation features of less than 5 nm height difference. The latter group of materials includes poly(propylene), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly( L ‐lactic acid), polycaprolactone, and a copolymer of cyclic and linear olefins (COC). This work suggests that the current limiting factor for the injection molding of nanometer scale topography in thermoplastic polymers lies with the grain size of the initial metal coating of the mold rather than the polymers themselves. magnified image
Segmentation-based Perceptual Image Quality Assessment (SPIQA) (2008)

Computational representation of perceived image quality is a fundamental problem in computer vision and image processing, which has assumed increased importance with the growing role of images and video in human-computer interaction. It is well-known that the commonly used Peak Signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), although analysis-friendly, falls far short of this need. We propose a perceptual image quality measure (IQM) in terms of an image's region structure. Given a reference image and its "distorted" version, we propose a "full-reference" IQM, called segmentation-based perceptual image quality as sessment (SPIQA), which quantifies this quality reduction, while minimizing the disparity between human judgment and automated prediction of image quality. One novel feature of SPIQA is that it enables the use of inter- and intra- region attributes in a way that closely resembles how the human visual system (HVS) perceives distortion. Experimental results over a number of images and distortion types demonstrate SPIQA's performance benefits.
p202, an Interferon-inducible Modulator of Transcription, Inhibits Transcriptional Activation by the p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein, and a Segment from the p53-binding Protein 1 That Binds to p202 Overcomes This Inhibition (1996)

p202, an interferon-inducible murine protein, is a member of the "200 family" of proteins and is primarily nuclear. p202 is a modulator of transcription; it binds several transcription factors, including NF-kappaB p50 and p65, AP-1 c-Fos and c-Jun, and E2F1, and inhibits their transcriptional activity. p202 also binds pRb, the retinoblastoma protein, and if overexpressed it retards cell proliferation. Here we report that using the yeast two-hybrid assay we found that p202 bound the murine homolog of the human p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1), a protein shown to interact with the DNA binding domain of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. p202 bound a 98amino acid segment from 53BP1. This binding was inhibited by the replacement in p202 of a histidine (from the M(F/L)HATVA(T/S) sequence that is conserved among all of the 200 family proteins) by phenylalanine. We also report that overexpression of p202 inhibited the p53-dependent expression of reporter genes containing p53-activable segments from the mdm2 and p21 genes, whereas a decrease in the p202 level (in consequence of the expression of 202 antisense RNA) resulted in an increase in the p53-dependent expression of these reporters. Expression of the 53BP1 segment binding to p202 overcame the inhibition by overexpressed p202 of the transcription of reporters mediated by the p53 or the AP-1 transcription factors and of the proliferation of yeast.
The complete amino acid sequence of yam (Dioscorea japonica) chitinase. A newly identified acidic class I chitinase. (1992)

The complete amino acid sequence of acidic chitinase from yam (Dioscorea japonica) aerial tubers was determined. The protein is composed of a single polypeptide chain of 250 amino acid residues and has a calculated molecular mass of 27,890 Da. There is an NH2-terminal domain, a hinge region, and a main structure, typical for class I chitinases (Shinshi, H., Neuhaus, J.-M., Ryals, J., and Meins, F., Jr. (1990) Plant Mol. Biol. 14, 357-368). We have obtained the first evidence for an acidic class I chitinase. Comparison with sequences of other class I chitinases revealed approximately 40% sequence similarity, a value lower than that for other class I chitinases (70-80%). We assume that there is a local conformational change in the molecule; cysteine residues that probably form disulfide bonds are completely conserved, with the exception of Cys-178. The difference in structure between this chitinase and other basic class I chitinases suggests that acidic and basic isoforms should be grouped into subclasses; this protein is an ethylene- or a pathogen-independent chitinase produced by a gene that is inherent in the tuber.
Formulations for Intranasal Delivery of Pharmacological Agents to Combat Brain Disease: A New Opportunity to Tackle GBM? (2013)

Despite recent advances in tumor imaging and chemoradiotherapy, the median overall survival of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme does not exceed 15 months. Infiltration of glioma cells into the brain parenchyma, and the blood-brain barrier are important hurdles to further increase the efficacy of classic therapeutic tools. Local administration methods of therapeutic agents, such as convection enhanced delivery and intracerebral injections, are often associated with adverse events. The intranasal pathway has been proposed as a non-invasive alternative route to deliver therapeutics to the brain. This route will bypass the blood-brain barrier and limit systemic side effects. Upon presentation at the nasal cavity, pharmacological agents reach the brain via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Recently, formulations have been developed to further enhance this nose-to-brain transport, mainly with the use of nanoparticles. In this review, the focus will be on formulations of pharmacological agents, which increase the nasal permeation of hydrophilic agents to the brain, improve delivery at a constant and slow release rate, protect therapeutics from degradation along the pathway, increase mucoadhesion, and facilitate overall nasal transport. A mounting body of evidence is accumulating that the underexplored intranasal delivery route might represent a major breakthrough to combat glioblastoma.
Modulation of o-diphenolase and monophenolase enzymes during wheat grain development (1974)

The activity and isoenzymes of polyphenol oxidase have been examined in the developing grains of wheat. There was no synchrony in the appearance of monophenolase and o-diphenolase activities during the development of seed. The o-diphenolase activity is considerably high in young seeds, while the monophenolase activity is practically undetectable throughout the major period of grain filling. The induction of monophenolase activity occurs with the onset of grain ripening, while at this stage, a 60-fold reduction was witnessed in o-diphenolase activity. Further, the developing grains revealed 9 to 10 isoenzymes of o-diphenolase activity and only a single activity band of monophenolase.
Sebaceous Gland, Hair Shaft, and Epidermal Barrier Abnormalities in Keratosis Pilaris with and without Filaggrin Deficiency (2015)

Although keratosis pilaris (KP) is common, its etiopathogenesis remains unknown. KP is associated clinically with ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis and molecular genetically with filaggrin-null mutations. In 20 KP patients and 20 matched controls, we assessed the filaggrin and claudin 1 genotypes, the phenotypes by dermatoscopy, and the morphology by light and transmission electron microscopy. Thirty-five percent of KP patients displayed filaggrin mutations, demonstrating that filaggrin mutations only partially account for the KP phenotype. Major histologic and dermatoscopic findings of KP were hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, mild T helper cell type 1-dominant lymphocytic inflammation, plugging of follicular orifices, striking absence of sebaceous glands, and hair shaft abnormalities in KP lesions but not in unaffected skin sites. Changes in barrier function and abnormal paracellular permeability were found in both interfollicular and follicular stratum corneum of lesional KP, which correlated ultrastructurally with impaired extracellular lamellar bilayer maturation and organization. All these features were independent of filaggrin genotype. Moreover, ultrastructure of corneodesmosomes and tight junctions appeared normal, immunohistochemistry for claudin 1 showed no reduction in protein amounts, and molecular analysis of claudin 1 was unremarkable. Our findings suggest that absence of sebaceous glands is an early step in KP pathogenesis, resulting in downstream hair shaft and epithelial barrier abnormalities.
Carpal tunnel syndrome. Etiology and endoscopic treatment. (1995)

Carpal tunnel syndrome involves classic symptoms of numbness and paresthesias in the radial three and one-half digits, most frequently nocturnal, with pain associated with this anatomic distribution. Thenar weakness and autonomic dysfunction occurs late in these patients and are usually seen in advanced cases. The wrist flexion test and local percussion sensitivity tests done on physical examination can be helpful in determining and confirming the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. The likelihood that operative treatment will be required for resolution of symptoms is heightened if the patient is involved in daily manual repetitive activities of the hand or wrist. Surgical decompression can be accomplished by either a limited open or new endoscopic carpal tunnel release techniques. Currently, the advantages and disadvantages present in both procedures and careful controlled studies conducted in a prospective and randomized fashion will be required to further delineate the indications for either procedure. Carpal tunnel release remains an operative procedure with the most predictable outcome with relief of symptoms for the patient.
High throughput liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry bioanalysis using 96-well disk solid phase extraction plate for the sample preparation (1998)

The 96 well solid phase extraction (SPE) operated by robot in the LC/MS/MS bioanalysis offered rapid sample preparation for drugs and metabolites in biological matrices, based on simultaneous extraction of 96 samples. The use of a disk as sorbent in the 96 well plate further improved the performance of SPE and allowed for small elution volumes, making it possible to 'dilute and shoot" after SPE elution. In this study, a 96 well plate (Empore) was developed, characterized and optimized for several pharmaceutical compounds. In addition, a robot (MultiProbe) was modified to automate the 96 well plate operation. Examples were given to illustrate the major differences of using 96 well disk plate SPE in the method development as compared to the traditional SPE. This technology has been successfully used to support many clinical studies. Typically, a batch of 96 samples were prepared in 1-1.5 hours unattended (except for the replacement of a collection plate). Considerable savings in disposable supplies were also noted.
On Paraphrase Identification Corpora (2014)

We analyze in this paper a number of data sets proposed over the last decade or so for the task of paraphrase identification. The goal of the analysis is to identify the advantages as well as shortcomings of the previously proposed data sets. Based on the analysis, we then make recommendations about how to improve the process of creating and using such data sets for evaluating in the future approaches to the task of paraphrase identification or the more general task of semantic similarity. The recommendations are meant to improve our understanding of what a paraphrase is, offer a more fair ground for comparing approaches, increase the diversity of actual linguistic phenomena that future data sets will cover, and offer ways to improve our understanding of the contributions of various modules or approaches proposed for solving the task of paraphrase identification or similar tasks. We also developed a data collection tool, called Data Collector, that proactively targets the collection of paraphrase instances covering linguistic phenomena important to paraphrasing.
Shear-induced dry transfer of reduced graphene oxide thin film via roll-to-roll printing (2016)

Here, we report a printing mechanism that utilizes mechanical stress for dry transfer of chemically reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) thin film. We discover that shear stress induced on the elastomeric stamp surface facilitates delamination of the deposited r-GO thin film from the stamp. Shear stress is introduced in a roll-to-roll printing system by rotating the stamp roller faster than the substrate roller. Energy-balance theory for thin film transfer is suggested to analyze the film delamination behavior with induced shear stress. Facile dry transfer of r-GO thin film onto flexible substrates is demonstrated in a roll-to-roll printing system at a printing rate of 5 mm/min with calculated shear stress of 325.43 kPa.
Structural Polypeptides of Coronavirus IBV (1981)

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was grown and radiolabelled with 35S-methionine, 3H-leucine and 3H-glucosamine in de-embryonated chicken eggs. Approximately 12 different polypeptides were clearly detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virus preparations. Growth of IBV in chorioallantoic membrane cells labelled with 35S-methionine indicated that most of these polypeptides, and additional ones, some of which were glycosylated, were host components. Five polypeptides appeared to be virus-coded, with apparent mol. wt. of 94 x 10(3), 84 x 10(3), 54 x 10(3), 30 x 10(3) and 28 x 10(3). Four of these, p94, p84, p30 and p28, were glycosylated. The virion spikes appeared to be composed of p94 and p84, while p30 and p28 were partially embedded in the virion membrane. By analogy with other reports, p54 is the nucleocapsid polypeptide.
Preservation of digital data with self-validating, self-instantiating knowledge-based archives (2001)

Digital archives are dedicated to the long-term preservation of electronic information and have the mandate to enable sustained access despite rapid technology changes. Persistent archives are confronted with heterogeneous data formats, helper applications, and platforms being used over the lifetime of the archive. This is not unlike the interoperability challenges, for which mediators are devised. To prevent technological obsolescence over time and across platforms, a migration approach for persistent archives is proposed based on an XML infrastructure.We extend current archival approaches that build upon standardized data formats and simple metadata mechanisms for collection management, by involving high-level conceptual models and knowledge representations as an integral part of the archive and the ingestion/migration processes. Infrastructure independence is maximized by archiving generic, executable specifications of (i) archival constraints (i.e., "model validators"), and (ii) archival transformations that are part of the ingestion process. The proposed architecture facilitates construction of self-validating and self-instantiating knowledge-based archives. We illustrate our overall approach and report on first experiences using a sample collection from a collaboration with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
Secure distributed human computation (2005)

This paper is a preliminary exploration of secure distributed human computation. We consider the general paradigm of using large-scale distributed computation to solve difficult problems, but where humans can act as agents and provide candidate solutions. We are especially motivated by problem classes that appear to be difficult for computers to solve effectively, but are easier for humans; e.g., image analysis, speech recognition, and natural language processing. This paradigm already seems to be employed in several real-world scenarios, but we are unaware of any formal and unified attempt to study it. Nonetheless, this concept spawns interesting research questions in algorithm design, human computer interfaces, and programming language / API design, distributed systems, and cryptography, among other fields. There are also interesting implications for Internet commerce and the B24b model. We describe this research area and suggest a basic framework for the design of such systems. We analyze security and reliability against malicious parties using standard probability theory tools. We then derive design principles using standard decision-theory concepts. Finally, we list extensions and open problems.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on biological properties of extracellular bone matrix proteins (2005)

In orthopedic surgery, sterilization of bone used for reconstruction of osteoarticular defects caused by malignant tumors is carried out in various ways. At present, to devitalize tumor-bearing osteochondral segments, extracorporal irradiation or autoclaving is mainly used but both methods have substantial disadvantages, for instance, loss of biomechanical and biological integrity of the bone. In particular, after reimplantation, integration of the implant at the autograft-host junction is often impaired due to alteration of osteoinductivity as a result of its irradiation or autoclaving. As an alternative approach, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment of bone is suggested, a new technology which is in the preclinical testing stage, with the aim to inactivate tumor cells but leaving the biomechanical properties of bone, cartilage, and tendons intact. We investigated the influence of HHP on the major extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, fibronectin (FN), vitronectin (VN), and type I collagen (Col-I), present in bone tissue, which are accountable for the biological properties within the bone. FN, VN, and Col-I were subjected to HHP < or = 600 MPa prior to coating of cell culture plates with these matrix proteins. Thereafter, the capacity of HHP-pretreated FN, VN, and Col-I to affect cell proliferation, cell adherence, and spreading of human primary osteoblast-like cells and the human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2, was tested. Interestingly, even at HHP < or = 600 MPa, all three ECM proteins retained their biological properties because no significant changes were observed between HHP-treated and non-treated FN, VN, and Col-I regarding their biological properties to affect cell adherence, spreading, and proliferation. These data encourage further exploration of the potential of HHP to sterilize tumor-affected bone segments prior to reimplantation. While during this treatment eukaryotic cells including tumor cells will be irreversibly impaired, the bone's biomechanical properties and the biological properties of the ECM proteins FN, VN, and Col-I, respectively, are preserved.
Continuous recognition of one-handed and two-handed gestures using 3D full-body motion tracking sensors (2012)

In this paper we present a new bimanual markerless gesture interface for 3D full-body motion tracking sensors, such as the Kinect. Our interface uses a probabilistic algorithm to incrementally predict users' intended one-handed and twohanded gestures while they are still being articulated. It supports scale and translation invariant recognition of arbitrarily defined gesture templates in real-time. The interface supports two ways of gesturing commands in thin air to displays at a distance. First, users can use one-handed and two-handed gestures to directly issue commands. Second, users can use their non-dominant hand to modulate single-hand gestures. Our evaluation shows that the system recognizes one-handed and two-handed gestures with an accuracy of 92.7%--96.2%.
Restricted Ig variable region gene expression among Ly-1+ B cell lymphomas. (1988)

The majority of the characterized Ly-1+ B cell lymphomas of B10.H-2aH-4bp/Wts origin (the CH series) bear surface Ig related by Ag specificity or idiotype or both. To determine the genetic basis for these structural similarities, we have sequenced the VH and VL region genes expressed by 10 CH lymphomas, and have compared their VH and V kappa gene rearrangements by Southern blot analysis to one another and to those of four other CH lymphomas. Sequence analysis identified only five different VH, and seven different VL genes, and indicated that these V genes are essentially unmutated. CH lymphomas which express the identical VH gene share at least one idiotope. Thus, the basis for shared idiotype and specificity is due in most cases to the use of the same V gene. This restriction in V gene expression is not due to the preferential use of V genes of any particular VH family or VL group, as the expressed V genes belong to four different VH families and four V kappa groups, and include V lambda 1 and V lambda 2. We hypothesize that Ag selection accounts for the restriction in V gene usage among CH lymphomas.
A Note on the Signal Intensity of the Second Spin Echo in Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill Sequence of Turbulent Flows (1983)

In the study of turbulent flows by a pulsed NMR method, the signal intensity of the second spin echo in a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence is measured as a function of the magnetic field gradient. A theoretical expression for the signal intensity has been obtained which seems to explain the experimental data, particularly the dependence of the signal intensity on the magnetic field gradient, more satisfactorily than the previous models.
Hydrogen absorption and hydrogen exchange reactions in solution by 1:2 electron donor-acceptor complexes of anthracene with various alkali metals (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen absorption and hydrogen exchange reactions in solution by 1:2 electron donor-acceptor complexes of anthracene with various alkali metalsMasaru Ichikawa and Kenzi TamaruCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 8, 2079–2080Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00737a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00737a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts