gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blends of crystalline and amorphous poly(lactide). III. Hydrolysis of solution‐cast blend films (1997)

Hydrolysis of blend films prepared from amorphous poly(DL-lactide) (a-PLA) and isotactic crystalline poly(D- or L-lactide) (c-PLA) having different c-PLA contents [X = c-PLA/(a-PLA + c-PLA)] was performed in phosphate buffered solution of pH 7.4 at 37°C. The blend films before and after hydrolysis were studied using gel permeation chromatography, tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and optical rotation. The mass of the blend films remaining after hydrolysis of longer than 20 months was larger with the increasing initial X. The tensile strength of the blend films remained unchanged in the early stage of hydrolysis, followed by a rapid decrease with time, the duration of period for the tensile strength remaining unchanged was longer for the blend films of smaller X. The change in crystallinity, molecular weight, and specific optical rotation during hydrolysis of the blend films revealed that degradation took place preferentially in the amorphous region than in the crystalline region of the blend films. A double melting peak was observed in the DSC spectra of blend films with X = 0.75 and 0.5 after hydrolysis for 20 months. The time difference in the induction of reduction between the tensile strength and the mass due to hydrolysis of the blend films increased with an increase in X. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 855–863, 1997
Fast Buffer Memory with Deterministic Packet Departures (2006)

High-performance routers need to store temporarily a large number of packets in response to congestion. DRAM is typically used to implement the needed packet buffers, but DRAM devices are too slow to match the bandwidth requirements. To bridge the bandwidth gap, a number of hybrid SRAM/DRAM packet buffer architectures have been proposed (S. Iyer and N. Mckeown, 2002) (S. Kumar et al., 2005). These packet buffer architectures assume a very general model where the buffer consists of many logically separated FIFO queues that may be accessed in random order. For example, virtual output queues (VOQs) are used in crossbar routers, where each VOQ corresponds to a logical queue corresponding to a particular output. Depending on the scheduling algorithm used, the access pattern to these logical queues may indeed be at random. However, for a number of router architectures, this worst-case random access assumption is unnecessary since packet departure times are deterministic. One architecture is the switch-memory-switch router architecture (A. Prakash et al., 2002) (S. Iyer et al., 2002) that efficiently mimics an output queueing switch. Another architecture is the load-balanced router architecture (C.S. Chang et al., 2002) (I. Keslassy et al., 2003) that has interesting scalability properties. In these architectures, for best-effort routing, the departure times of packets can be deterministically calculated before inserting packets into packet buffers. In this paper, we describe a novel packet buffer architecture based on interleaved memories that takes advantage of the known packet departure times to achieve simplicity and determinism. The number of interleaved DRAM banks required to implement the proposed packet buffer architecture is independent of the number of logical queues, yet the proposed architecture can achieve the performance of an SRAM implementation
Oral administration of pectin-rich plant extract enhances C3 and C4 complement concentration in woman colostrum (1998)

components of the complement are normally present in human colos- trum. These compounds are natural antibacterial agents. Pectin-rich plant extracts have been shown to induce prolactin release and milk synthesis when administered by the oral route in rat. In the present work, extract from a plant rich in pectin, Gossypium herbaceum was given orally to women 2 days after parturition. The extract enhanced concentration of C3 and C4 in colostrum but did not modify the total hemolytic complement activity (TCH50). No change in the concen- tration of the three compounds was observed in serum of the treated women. Control experiments showed that a treatment by placebo had no effect on colostrum composition. These data sug- gest that pectin-rich plant extracts favour transfer of C3 and C4 from blood to colostrum by an unknown mechanism. This observation suggests that some plant extracts might be used to rein- force the antibacterial activity of human colostrum. © Inra/Elsevier, Paris gossypium / linum / serum / colostrum / C3 / C4 / TCH50 Rsum -L'administration orale d'extraits de plantes riches en pectines augmente la concentration du complment en C3 et C4 dans le colostrum humain. Les composs C3 et C4 du complment sont normalement prsents dans le colostrum humain. Ces composs sont des agents antibactriens naturels. Des tudes antrieures ont montr que des extraits de plantes riches en pectines induisent la scrtion de prolactine et la synthse de lait lorsqu'ils sont admi- nistrs par voie orale chez le rat. Dans le travail rapport ici, un extrait riche en pectine extrait de Gossypium herbaceum a t donn par voie orale des femmes deux jours aprs la parturition.
MeTaDoR: a comprehensive resource for membrane targeting domains and their host proteins (2007)

MeTaDoR begins with a brief introduction about all the important MTDs including their subcellular localization and structural features. Sequences of all known MTDs are then provided in two formats: standard Prosite format and a parsed tab-delimited format that provides a manually curated classification into binding or non-binding. Structures of all MTDs and host proteins known so far are provided with links to PDB and Pfam databases. Membrane-binding orientation of these proteins, whether experimentally determined or proposed, is also provided with links to the appropriate literature. To facilitate molecular dynamics studies of these proteins, the force-field parameters for many non-standard lipids that commonly interact with these proteins are also provided. Finally, an online server for predicting membrane-binding proteins and a search function with various search fields are included. The resource is publicly available and will be updated on a regular basis.
Irán mon amour (2011)

En una de las mas flojas ediciones de la Berlinale, el Jurado presidido por Isabella Rossellini concedio un palmares impecable, en el que brillaron con luz propia los tres premios de la irani Nader and Simin, a Separtion. Estos son diez puntos para resumir el Festival.
Characterization of the human T cell receptor α‐chain repertoire and demonstration of a genetic influence on Vα usage (1993)

Despite considerable knowledge of the determinants and profile of the T cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain repertoire, very little is known about the repertoire of the V alpha and J alpha segments of the TCR in man or mouse. We have used the anchored polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyze the human TCR alpha-chain repertoire at the mRNA level in peripheral blood lymphocytes. We find marked differences in the usage of individual V alpha segments. The V alpha repertoire is determined both by differences in the use of individual V alpha gene segments at the time of gene rearrangement and by genetic influences on the selection of the expressed V alpha repertoire, presumably during thymic maturation. Analysis of the J alpha repertoire shows non-random usage of individual J alpha segments but no obvious relationship to chromosomal position. We also report three new V alpha segments, three new J alpha segments and possible allelic variation in V alpha gene segments. Two unusual TCR alpha transcripts are described which add new information on the nature of TCR alpha transcript assembly.
A codon 31<sup>ser–arg</sup> polymorphism of the WAF‐1/CIP‐1/p21/tumour suppressor gene in Chinese primary open‐angle glaucoma (2004)

This study suggests that an association exists between the Arg allele of the p21 codon 31 polymorphism and POAG in the Chinese population.
CCR4-bearing T cells participate in autoimmune diabetes (2002)

Chemokine receptor expression is exquisitely regulated on T cell subsets during the course of their migration to inflammatory sites.In the present study we demonstrate that CCR4 expression marks a pathogenic population of autoimmune T cells.CCR4 was found exclusively on memory CD4 + T cells during the progression of disease in NOD mice.Cells expressing the CCR4 ligand TARC (thymus-and activation-regulated chemokine) were detected within infiltrated islets from prediabetic mice.Interestingly, neutralization of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) with Ab caused a significant reduction of CCR4-positive T cells within the pancreatic infiltrates and inhibited the development of insulitis and diabetes.Furthermore, enhanced recruitment of CCR4-bearing cells in NOD mice resulting from transgenic expression of MDC resulted in acceleration of clinical disease.Cumulatively, the results demonstrate that CCR4-bearing T cells participate in the development of such tissue-driven autoimmune reactions.
Circadian Rhythms: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications (2007)

The mammalian circadian system is organized in a hierarchical manner in that a central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain's hypothalamus synchronizes cellular circadian oscillators in most peripheral body cells. Fasting-feeding cycles accompanying rest-activity rhythms are the major timing cues in the synchronization of many, if not most, peripheral clocks, suggesting that the temporal coordination of metabolism and proliferation is a major task of the mammalian timing system. The inactivation of noxious food components by hepatic, intestinal, and renal detoxification systems is among the metabolic processes regulated in a circadian manner, with the understanding of the involved clock output pathways emerging. The rhythmic control of xenobiotic detoxification provides the molecular basis for the dosing time-dependence of drug toxicities and efficacy. This knowledge can in turn be used in improving or designing chronotherapeutics for the patients who suffer from many of the major human diseases.
Hepatic insulin resistance is induced by high-fat overfeeding in healthy men (2009)

top), cat visual cortex orientation map (middle) and Julian Hodge
Magnetotransport in Nonplanar SiGe/Si Nanomembranes (2007)

We investigate the relationship between electronics and geometry in a nonplanar SiGe/Si resonant quantum cavity (RQC) subject to a magnetic field. The transfer matrix technique originally due to Usuki et al. [Phys. Rev. B, vol. 52, pp. 8244-8255, 1995] has been modified to account for the nonzero local curvature of the RQC. Our results demonstrate that low-temperature ballistic magnetoconductance in nonplanar RQCs is highly sensitive to the changes in curvature for a wide range of magnetic field strengths.
A Live and Inactivated<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Mouse Pneumonitis Strain Induces the Maturation of Dendritic Cells That Are Phenotypically and Immunologically Distinct (2005)

The intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of sexually transmitted disease worldwide. While protective immunity does appear to develop following natural chlamydial infection in humans, early vaccine trials using heat-killed C. trachomatis resulted in limited and transient protection with possible enhanced disease during follow-up. Thus, immunity following natural infection with live chlamydia may differ from immune responses induced by immunization with inactivated chlamydia. To study this differing immunology, we used murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) to examine DC maturation and immune effector function induced by live and UV-irradiated C. trachomatis elementary bodies (live EBs and UV-EB, respectively). DC exposed to live EBs acquired a mature DC morphology; expressed high levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD80, CD86, CD40, and ICAM-1; produced elevated amounts of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha; and were efficiently recognized by Chlamydia-specific CD4+ T cells. In contrast, UV-EB-pulsed DC expressed low levels of CD40 and CD86 but displayed high levels of MHC class II, ICAM-1, and CD80; secreted low levels of proinflammatory cytokines; and exhibited reduced recognition by Chlamydia-specific CD4+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of live EB-pulsed DC was more effective than that of UV-EB-pulsed DC at protecting mice against challenge with live C. trachomatis. The expression of DC maturation markers and immune protection induced by UV-EB could be significantly enhanced by costimulation of DC ex vivo with UV-EB and oligodeoxynucleotides containing cytosine phosphate guanosine; however, the level of protection was significantly less than that achieved by using DC pulsed ex vivo with viable EBs. Thus, exposure of DC to live EBs results in a mature DC phenotype which is able to promote protective immunity, while exposure to UV-EB generates a semimature DC phenotype with less protective potential. This result may explain in part the differences in protective immunity induced by natural infection and immunization with whole inactivated organisms and is relevant to rational chlamydia vaccine design strategies.
Differentiation of human osteoprogenitor cells increases after treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields. (2012)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) have become an important resource in developing strategies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, owing to their ability to renew and their potential for differentiation into cells of various types of tissues. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation has been used for several years in the treatment of fracture healing, with clinical beneficial effects, and several studies have demonstrated its capacity to increase bone tissue regeneration. In the present study, stromal cells of human bone marrow (BMSC), obtained from healthy donors, were appropriately expanded and underwent PEMF stimulation eight hours a day for fourteen days. Parameters such as proliferation and differentiation ability were evaluated on stimulated cultures. The evaluation of the marker expression was performed by RT-PCR for osteocalcin, by alkaline phosphatase quantitation and by histochemical stains. The results we obtained showed that BMSC treated with PEMF begin differentiation earlier than untreated BMSC, as shown by the markers used. The data show that PEMF is able to increase the osteogenic differentiation potential in adult mesenchymal cells isolated from young patients.
Towards Distributed Web Mining in Net-Enabled Enterprises (2004)

In today’s information age, web sites have become an important source for business information collection and analysis. They provide a company abundant information for competitor analysis and business intelligence. Also, web mining on a firm’s intranet can greatly assist a firm’s endeavor in knowledge management of a firm. However, web mining is a complex and resource-consuming process that consists of crawling a large number of web pages and automatically extracting needed information from retrieved pages. Traditionally, web mining systems use dedicated systems with a client-server architecture. This makes it very expensive for an organization, a community or an individual to have their own web mining system. We propose a light-weight distributed web mining system model that makes use of a firm’s available computers in a peer to peer network. The peer to peer network excludes the use of dedicated systems, and the mobile agents here make use of the systems whose resources are readily available to balance the load. A prototype of the distributed web crawling part of the system is implemented to illustrate the feasibility of the concept.
Development of Embedded STT-MRAM for Mobile System-on-Chips (2011)

Spin-transfer-torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) has been considered a promising technology for future mobile system-on-chip memories due to negligible static leakage power, high-speed read/write operations, and unlimited read/write endurance. In this paper, we address key challenges and recent advances for enabling embedded STT-MRAM on a deeply scaled CMOS logic platform.
Residual gravity in theory and practice (1949)

Abstract A precise definition of residual gravity is given and in a form most suitable for numerical application. Some pains are taken to show that the residual-gravity picture one obtains depends on the method used in obtaining it and that there are many ways in which this may be done. Several examples from actual work on developed oil fields are given in the form of figures and maps to bear out the above statement. Conclusions are drawn as to the relative order of sensitivity of several factors entering into the computations in determining a given residual picture. Factors considered in this paper are (1) size of unit figure, (2) kind (or shape) of unit figure, (3) density of reference net; that is, number of reference points per unit area, and (4) sensitivity of reference points to lateral displacement on gravity map.
The Application of Helmholtz Resonators to Sound-Absorbing Structures (1947)

This paper intends to set forth some of the more important facts about sound-absorbing structures of the kind whose absorption may be explained as primarily due to resonance phenomena of the same kind as that occurring in Helmholtz resonators. It is believed that this kind of absorption has not been met with the general interest which it deserves, neither from the theoretical nor from the practical point of view. The theory is developed here only for the simple case of a single resonator. Special attention has been given to the question of the resistance of the resonator. It is pointed out, that the formula commonly used for the resistance of an aperture is not applicable in the case of resonance absorption, the actual values of the resistance being 3–6 times higher than the calculation predicts in the cases considered. Some examples of the practical applications of resonance-absorbing structures are mentioned.
Circuit Simulation Model Of Gas Damping In Microstructures With Nontrivial Geometries (2005)

We present a model for the forces created by gas flow in a narrow gap between moving surfaces in a microme chanical structure. The partial differential equation describing the thin gas film behaviour is realized with a finite difference mesh, satisfying the boundary conditions for the gas flow. Thus different surface geometries and freedoms of motion can be modelled with different mesh topologies. The elements in the mesh are elementary electrical components, controlled sources and capacitances. The model presented is applied to capacitive silicon accelerometers having rectangular holes in the mass.
Efficient Dependency-Guided Named Entity Recognition (2017)

Named entity recognition (NER), which focuses on the extraction of semantically meaningful named entities and their semantic classes from text, serves as an indispensable component for several down-stream natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as relation extraction and event extraction. Dependency trees, on the other hand, also convey crucial semantic-level information. It has been shown previously that such information can be used to improve the performance of NER. In this work, we investigate on how to better utilize the structured information conveyed by dependency trees to improve the performance of NER. Specifically, unlike existing approaches which only exploit dependency information for designing local features, we show that certain global structured information of the dependency trees can be exploited when building NER models where such information can provide guided learning and inference. Through extensive experiments, we show that our proposed novel dependency-guided NER model performs competitively with models based on conventional semi-Markov conditional random fields, while requiring significantly less running time.
Polysilicon angular microvibromotors (1992)

Two types of LPCVD polysilicon angular microvibromotors were designed, fabricated, and successfully operated in air and in vacuum. Each utilizes an electrostatically driven lateral resonant structure (the converter) to actuate a circular microrotor by means of oblique mechanical impact. Oscillatory linear motion is consequently converted into continuous angular motion. The microrotors are fabricated both 60 and 100 mu m in diameter and are restrained at the center by a polysilicon hub. The converter tips are retracted by electrostatic comb drives and are propelled forward toward the rotor by elastic forces generated by folded beam flexures at frequencies ranging from 10 to 20 kHz. A preliminary measurement has shown the rotor to be driven at speeds as high as 60000 r/min. The rotors were operated both in low vacuum and in air. One operated continuously for as long as 4 h with no significant wear or degradation of performance. These polysilicon vibromotors have applications as high-response micromanipulators or positioners.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The development of fertility assay kits: an overview. (1988)

This paper analyzes the importance of developing fertility assays kits, specially in order to shorten the estimate of the fertile period in NFP users. It presents the criteria that an assay kit needs to meet. Urinary hormones, metabolites of progesterone, estrogens, and luteinizing hormones are analyzed as fertile-period markers. Progesterone and estradiol in saliva, as well as other constituents of saliva, the volumetric vaginal aspirator, and the change in the electrical conductivity of the vaginal fluid are also analyzed with the same purposes.
Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Formates Using a Dimeric Manganese Precatalyst (2017)

The formally zero-valent Mn dimer [(Ph2PEtPDI)Mn]2 has been synthesized upon reducing (Ph2PEtPDI)MnCl2 with excess Na/Hg. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed that [(Ph2PEtPDI)Mn]2 possesses a κ4-PDI chelate about each Mn center, as well as η2-imine coordination across the dimer. The chelate metrical parameters suggest single electron PDI reduction and EPR spectroscopic analysis afforded a signal consistent with two weakly interacting S = 1/2 Mn centers. At ambient temperature in the absence of solvent, [(Ph2PEtPDI)Mn]2 has been found to catalyze the hydrosilylation of aldehydes at loadings as low as 0.005 mol % (0.01 mol % relative to Mn) with a maximum turnover frequency of 9,900 min–1 (4,950 min–1 per Mn). Moreover, the [(Ph2PEtPDI)Mn]2-catalyzed dihydrosilylation of formates has been found to proceed with turnover frequencies of up to 330 min–1 (165 min–1 relative to Mn). These metrics are comparable to those described for the leading Mn catalyst for this transformation, the propylene-bridged variant (Ph2PPrPDI)Mn; however, [(Ph2PEtPDI)Mn]2 is more easily inhibited by donor functionalities. Carbonyl and carboxylate hydrosilylation is believed to proceed through a modified Ojima mechanism following dimer dissociation.