gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in Systolic Blood Pressure over Time in Healthy Cats and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease (2015)

The high prevalence of hypertension in azotemic cats in this study shows the importance of monitoring of SBP in elderly cats, and in particular in cats with CKD.
Metabolic engineering of xanthophyll content in tomato fruits (2002)

Ripe tomato fruits accumulate significant amounts of the linear carotene lycopene, but only trace amounts of xanthophylls (oxygenated carotenoids). We overexpressed the lycopene beta-cyclase (b-Lcy) and beta-carotene hydroxylase (b-Chy) genes under the control of the fruit-specific Pds promoter. Transgene and protein expression was followed through semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and enzyme assays. Fruits of the transformants showed a significant increase of beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin. The carotenoid composition of leaves remained unaltered. The transgenes and the phenotype are inherited in a dominant Mendelian fashion. This is the first example of successful metabolic engineering of xanthophyll content in tomato fruits.
Low-Temperature Solid State Bonding of Sn and Nickel Micro Cones for Micro Interconnection (2012)

This paper reports a low-temperature solid state bonding method for potential use in advanced electronic packaging, especially in 3D integration applications. Electrodeposited Ni micro cones with an Au anti-oxidation layer were fabricated and utilized to bond with Sn-capped Cu bumps with the help of appropriate temperature and pressure. Bonding joints were shear tested to evaluate the joint strength of samples bonded at each pressure, with results comparable to reflow soldering. Microscopic observation showed sufficient insertion between Sn and cone-structured Ni, as well as atomic scale bonding between two metals.
Enhancement of Adult Muscle Regeneration by Primary Myoblast Transplantation (2000)

Extensor digitorum longus muscles (EDL) of SCID mice were induced to undergo degeneration–regeneration subsequent to orthotopic, whole-muscle transplantation. Two days after transplantation some of these muscles received injections of primary myoblasts derived from EDL muscles of transgenic mice, which express nuclear localizing β-galactosidase under the control of the myosin light-chain 3F promoter and enhancer. Nine weeks after transplantation, regenerated muscles that received exogenous myoblasts were compared to similarly transplanted muscles that received no further treatment and to unoperated EDL muscles in order to determine the effect of myoblast transfer on muscle regeneration. Many myofibers containing donor-derived myonuclei could be identified in the regenerated muscles that had received exogenous myoblasts. The mass of the muscles subjected to transplantation only was significantly less (31 % less) than that of unoperated muscles. The addition of exogenous myoblasts to the regenerating EDL resulted in a muscle mass similar to that of unoperated muscles. The absolute twitch and tetanic tensions and specific twitch and tetanic tensions of transplant-only muscles were 28%, 36%, 32%, and 41%, respectively, of those of unoperated muscles. Myoblast transfer increased the absolute twitch and tetanic tensions of the regenerated muscles by 65% and 74%, respectively, and their specific twitch and tetanic tensions were increased by 41% and 48%, respectively. These data suggest a possible role for the addition of exogenous, primary myoblasts in the treatment of traumatized and/or diseased muscles that are characterized by myofiber loss.
Transporters of arsenite in rice and their role in arsenic accumulation in rice grain (2008)

Arsenic poisoning affects millions of people worldwide. Human arsenic intake from rice consumption can be substantial because rice is particularly efficient in assimilating arsenic from paddy soils, although the mechanism has not been elucidated. Here we report that two different types of transporters mediate transport of arsenite, the predominant form of arsenic in paddy soil, from the external medium to the xylem. Transporters belonging to the NIP subfamily of aquaporins in rice are permeable to arsenite but not to arsenate. Mutation in OsNIP2;1 (Lsi1, a silicon influx transporter) significantly decreases arsenite uptake. Furthermore, in the rice mutants defective in the silicon efflux transporter Lsi2, arsenite transport to the xylem and accumulation in shoots and grain decreased greatly. Mutation in Lsi2 had a much greater impact on arsenic accumulation in shoots and grain in field-grown rice than Lsi1. Arsenite transport in rice roots therefore shares the same highly efficient pathway as silicon, which explains why rice is efficient in arsenic accumulation. Our results provide insight into the uptake mechanism of arsenite in rice and strategies for reducing arsenic accumulation in grain for enhanced food safety.
Mining the genetic program (1995)

A major challenge in applying genetic programming to expert-system development is that the ubiquitous presence of irrelevant code makes a genetically induced program difficult to understand. The trait-mining technique extracts the expressions that comprise the program's salient problem elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Determination of saliva pH in periodontal disease patients and a control group]. (1989)

We studied saliva sample of 134 persons of both sex; including healthy persons and patients with periodontal disease. We researched the saliva's pH variations and found Lie at alkali pH in the patients with periodontal disease and different saliva pH between men and women.
Synchronization, coherence, and event ordering in multiprocessors (1988)

The problems addressed apply to both throughput-oriented and speedup-oriented multiprocessor systems, either at the user level or the operating-system level. basic definitions are provided. Communication and synchronization are briefly explained, and hardware-level and software-level synchronization mechanisms are discussed. The cache coherence problem is examined, and solutions are described. Strong and weak ordering of events is considered. The user interface is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
460. Chalcones and related compounds. Part V. Addition of nitro-compounds to chalcones (1958)

W. Davey and D. J. Tivey, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 2276 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580002276
Offline inductance identification of PMSM with adaptive inverter nonlinearity compensation (2015)

Offline inductance identification of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is essential for self-tuning of closed-loop controller and position observer in sensorless vector controlled drives. This paper proposes an enhanced offline identification method fulfilled at standstill with adaptive inverter nonlinearity compensation for general-purpose drive applications. The d-q axis inductances can be obtained at standstill by using a voltage-source-inverter fed drive. Influences of inverter nonlinearities on direct and quadrature inductance identifications exploiting high frequency (HF) voltage injection at different rotor positions are analyzed. Then an adaptive inverter nonlinearity compensation strategy employing a simple self-learning of compensation coefficients is proposed to enhance the accuracy of inductance identification. The feasibility of the proposed adaptive offline inductance identification method is validated on a 22kW interior PMSM.
Digital doherty transmitter with envelope &#x0394;&#x03A3; modulated class-D GaN power amplifier for 800 MHz band (2014)

This paper presents a novel transmitter (Tx) architecture combining voltage-mode class-D power amplifiers (PAs) with an efficient 1-bit envelope delta-sigma modulation scheme for the 800 MHz band. By digitally processing the input 1-bit codes, the proposed Tx operates as a digital Doherty Tx. The proposed Tx architecture is realized with a GaN H-bridge class-D PA module and CMOS modulator ICs and delivers a CW power of 35.9 dBm at 860 MHz with a final-stage drain efficiency of 75.6% at the saturation point. The drain efficiency at 6-dB BO is still 73.4% which corresponds to an improvement of 23.9 points compared to balanced operation. Using a CDMA signal of 1-MHz bandwidth and 6.5-dB peak-to-average power ratio, the digital Doherty Tx achieves an average output power of 28.6 dBm with a drain efficiency of 56.5%.
A prospective randomised study comparing polyethylene glycol and sodium phosphate bowel cleansing solutions for colonoscopy. (1999)

Polyethylene glycol (Klean-Prep, Norgine) is widely used for bowel cleansing in the United Kingdom. This study compares the efficacy, acceptability and adverse effects of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution with sodium phosphate (Fleet Phospho-soda, De Witt) for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. Two hundred and nine consecutive patients were prospectively randomised to either PEG or sodium phosphate (SP) preparation. The endoscopist was blinded to the randomisation process. Fifty patients were excluded from the study because of previous colectomies or incomplete data. Of the remaining 159 patients, 88 had been randomised to the PEG group and 71 to the SP group. There was no difference in sex distribution between the groups. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of patient acceptability, side effects (nausea/vomiting and abdominal cramps), adequacy of bowel preparation and colonoscopy completion rates. 74% of the PEG and 70.4% of the SP group were rated by the endoscopist as having good or excellent bowel preparation. Sodium phosphate is well tolerated without additional side effects when compared with PEG solution. Both solutions were found to be equally effective in bowel cleansing.
Expression and characterization of human D4 dopamine receptors in baculovirus‐infected insect cells (1993)

The human D4 dopamine receptor has been genetically engineered for expression in insect cells using the baculovirus system. A D4 cDNA gene fusion construct [(1991) Nature 350, 610-614] was synthetically modified to remove two introns from the coding region, and expressed in S. frugiperda (Sf9) cells as a fusion with a short sequence from the polyhedrin protein. Binding assays with [3H]spiperone indicated high levels of D4 receptor binding 90 h after infection and a pharmacological profile identical to that reported for D4 receptors expressed in COS-7 cells using the cDNA gene hybrid. We also show that the agonist binding affinity of D4 receptors expressed in Sf9 cells can be shifted by GTP-gamma-S, indicating coupling to G-proteins.
Embryonic onset of late replication requires Cdc25 down-regulation (2012)

The Drosophila midblastula transition (MBT), a major event in embryogenesis, remodels and slows the cell cycle. In the pre-MBT cycles, all genomic regions replicate simultaneously in rapid S phases that alternate with mitosis, skipping gap phases. At the MBT, down-regulation of Cdc25 phosphatase and the resulting inhibitory phosphorylation of the mitotic kinase Cdk1 create a G2 pause in interphase 14. However, an earlier change in interphase 14 is the prolongation of S phase. While the signals modifying S phase are unknown, the onset of late replication-where replication of constitutively heterochromatic satellite sequences is delayed-extends S-phase 14. We injected Cdc25 mRNA to bypass the developmentally programmed down-regulation of Cdc25 at the MBT. Introduction of either Cdc25 isoform (String or Twine) or enhanced Cdk1 activity triggered premature replication of late-replicating sequences, even after their specification, and thereby shortened S phase. Reciprocally, reduction of Cdk1 activity by knockdown of mitotic cyclins extended pre-MBT S phase. These findings suggest that high Cdc25 and Cdk1 contribute to the speed of the rapid, pre-MBT S phases and that down-regulation of these activities plays a broader role in MBT-associated changes than was previously suspected.
Complete genomic sequence of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> ,Pm70 (2001)

We present here the complete genome sequence of a common avian clone of Pasteurella multocida, Pm70. The genome of Pm70 is a single circular chromosome 2,257,487 base pairs in length and contains 2,014 predicted coding regions, 6 ribosomal RNA operons, and 57 tRNAs. Genome-scale evolutionary analyses based on pairwise comparisons of 1,197 orthologous sequences between P. multocida, Haemophilus influenzae, and Escherichia coli suggest that P. multocida and H. influenzae diverged approximately 270 million years ago and the gamma subdivision of the proteobacteria radiated about 680 million years ago. Two previously undescribed open reading frames, accounting for approximately 1% of the genome, encode large proteins with homology to the virulence-associated filamentous hemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis. Consistent with the critical role of iron in the survival of many microbial pathogens, in silico and whole-genome microarray analyses identified more than 50 Pm70 genes with a potential role in iron acquisition and metabolism. Overall, the complete genomic sequence and preliminary functional analyses provide a foundation for future research into the mechanisms of pathogenesis and host specificity of this important multispecies pathogen.
Rapid development of drug resistance in human ovarian tumor xenografts after a single treatment with melphalan in Vivo. (1998)

Human ovarian tumors from A2780 cells were grown as xenografts in immunodeficient mice, treated with a single i.p. dose of melphalan and tumor cells were removed and placed into tissue culture. The cells from the treated tumors exhibited an approximately 2-fold resistance to melphalan in vitro compared to cells taken from untreated tumors. This degree of resistance was similar to that of cells from tumors formed from melphalan-resistant A2780-ME cells. The cells from the treated tumors were also resistant to cisplatin but not to doxorubicin. They contained approximately 2-fold higher levels of glutathione than cells from the untreated tumors. Exposure of the cells to buthionine sulfoximine (a specific inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis) eliminated the difference in glutathione levels as well as the difference in sensitivity to melphalan. When tumor-bearing animals were treated with buthionine sulfoximine in addition to melphalan the resulting tumor cells were not resistant to the drug. Resistance could also be demonstrated in the tumors themselves in vivo: the growth of previously untreated tumors was severely inhibited by a high dose of melphalan (11.7 mg/kg) administered i.p. to the animals, whereas the growth of tumors which had received prior treatment with melphalan was unaffected by the subsequent high dose. The rapid development of drug-resistant tumor cells after a single drug treatment in vivo makes this an excellent system for the investigation of the mechanisms by which resistance develops as well as for use in the screening for agents which can prevent it.
Impact of technology trends on SEU in CMOS SRAMs (1996)

The impact of technology trends on the SEU hardness of epitaxial CMOS SRAMs is investigated using three-dimensional simulation. We study trends in SEU susceptibility with parameter variations across and within technology generations. Upset mechanisms for various strike locations and their dependence on gate-length scaling are explored. Such studies are useful for technology development and providing input for process and design decisions. An application of SEU simulation, to the development of a 0.5-/spl mu/m radiation-hardened CMOS SRAM is presented.
The Effect of Single versus Double-Strand Substitution on Halogenated Pyrimidine-Induced Radiosensitization and DNA Strand Breakage in Human Tumor Cells (1990)

To better understand the mechanism underlying halogenated pyrimidine-mediated cytotoxicity and radiosensitization in human tumor cells, a study was undertaken to determine the influence of unifilar (one DNA strand) versus bifilar (both DNA strands) substitution of thymidine by the halogenated bases 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) in HT29 human colon cancer cells. Unifilar labeling was obtained by incubating cells with IdUrd or BrdUrd for one doubling time. Cells were incubated for at least three doublings to approximate bifilar substitution. Only IdUrd caused significant cytotoxicity, which correlated with incorporation into DNA. Both BrdUrd and IdUrd were potent radiosensitizers. Radiosensitization was linearly correlated with incorporation of both bases regardless of the number of strands in which thymidine was substituted. In contrast, the relationship between radiosensitization and DNA double-strand breakage was critically dependent in the case of IdUrd, but not for BrdUrd, on whether substitution was unifilar or bifilar. These findings suggest that incorporation is the best predictor of radiation sensitivity, and that the induction of DNA double-strand breaks alone does not account for radiosensitization mediated by halogenated pyrimidines in these human tumor cells.
Model-based software for simulating ultrasonic pulse/echo inspections of metal components (2017)

Under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation’s Industry/University Cooperative Research Center at Iowa State University, an effort was initiated in 2015 to repackage existing research-grade software into user friendly tools for the rapid estimation of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for ultrasonic inspections of metals. The software combines: (1) a Python-based graphical user interface for specifying an inspection scenario and displaying results; and (2) a Fortran-based engine for computing defect signals and backscattered grain noise characteristics. The later makes use the Thompson-Gray Model for the response from an internal defect and the Independent Scatterer Model for backscattered grain noise. This paper provides an overview of the ongoing modeling effort with emphasis on recent developments. These include: treatment of angle-beam inspections, implementation of distance-amplitude corrections, changes in the generation of “invented” calibration signals, efforts to simulate ultrasonic C-scans; and experimental testing of model predictions. The simulation software can now treat both normal and oblique-incidence immersion inspections of curved metal components having equiaxed microstructures in which the grain size varies with depth. Both longitudinal and shear-wave inspections are treated. The model transducer can either be planar, spherically-focused, or bi-cylindrically-focused. A calibration (or reference) signal is required and is used to deduce the measurement system efficiency function. This can be “invented” by the software using center frequency and bandwidth information specified by the user, or, alternatively, a measured calibration signal can be used. Defect types include flat-bottomed-hole reference reflectors, and spherical pores and inclusions. Simulation outputs include estimated defect signal amplitudes, root-mean-squared grain noise amplitudes, and S/N as functions of the depth of the defect within the metal component. At any particular depth, the user can view a simulated A-scan displaying the superimposed defect and grain-noise waveforms. The realistic grain noise signals used in the A-scans are generated from a set of measured “universal” noise signals whose strengths and spectral characteristics are altered to match predicted noise characteristics for the simulation at hand. We present simulation examples demonstrating recent developments, and discuss plans to improve simulator capabilities.
Interleukin-10 and interleukin-10 receptor in human osteoarthritic and healthy chondrocytes. (2001)

Human chondrocytes synthesise IL-10 and express on their surface IL-10R. Since IL-10 inhibits IL-1 and TNF-alpha expression, its upregulation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes may counteract the detrimental effects of these catabolic cytokines. However, the functions of IL-10 in cartilage may go beyond those activities established in the immunological setting. The high levels of IL-10 and IL-10R in foetal cartilage, an active growing tissue, suggest that IL-10 may play a role in controlling chondrocyte metabolism under physiological conditions.
Instrument Performance Models and Their Application to Directional Surveying Operations (1990)

Summary When planning, monitoring, or checking the results from a directional surveying program, one must be able to predict the probable errors associated with the different survey tools used. An "instrument performance model" is a mathematical algorithm that, when combined with a set of independently validated parameters describing the particular survey instrument in question and information about the well, enables the directional uncertainty to be computed at any point in a survey run. Randomization caused by axial rotation of the tool significantly affects the size of the predicted errors. The analysis accounts for rotation and incorporates a new depth-measurement-error treatment. Performance models have many practical uses in survey operations management and wellsite quality control. They enable research to be focused accurately and objective comparisons to be made between different instruments.
[Effect of a new structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine-- 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate (THP) on carnitine level, carnitine-dependent fatty acid oxidation and various indices of energy metabolism in the myocardium]. (1986)

Contents of carnitine and long chain acylcarnitine were decreased as well as oxidation of I-14C-palmitate was inhibited in rat myocardium after intraperitoneal administration of 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine) propionate (THP) at doses of 50 and 150 mg/kg within 10 days into animals maintained at a diet enriched with fat. THP did not affect the ATP content, elevated during the fat-enriched diet, but decreased the lactate concentration in myocardium. After administration of D,L-carnitine oxidation of I-14C-palmitate and content of lactate were increased with simultaneous decrease in ATP level. Combined administration of D,L-carnitine and THP did not affect the content of ATP and lactate as well as oxidation of fatty acids. The decrease in carnitine content caused by THP may be responsible for the alterations of energy metabolism in myocardium.
Analyzing gene perturbation screens with nested effects models in R and bioconductor (2008)

Our software is written in the R language and freely avail-able via the Bioconductor project at http://www.bioconductor.org.
Analysis of depth from defocus measurements for micro-imaging and 3D micro-visual reconstruction (2006)

Based on fuzzy measurement of microscopic optical images, analysis of the focused and defocused characteristics of the images was performed, and a method based on Depth from Defocus (DFD) is developed for micro scale image analysis and reconstruction. In this method, we use gradient operators as the measurement operator. With the establishment of relationship between the defocus measurement and the depth transformation of the micro image sequence, we obtained the depth information of the target-object. As a test of validity of our method, we also performed an experiment to measure the parallelism of a micro manipulation platform. In additional, we also reconstructed micro contour images using the DFD method and the experiment results showed that the method is valid for 3D reconstruction of microscope images.