gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIGNALIZATION OF HIGH-SPEED, ISOLATED INTERSECTIONS (1978)

At signalized intersections where approach speeds are 56 km/h (35 mph) or higher, drivers face a If the yellow signal comes on while the driver is in this zone, a decision to stop may result in a rearend collision or a sideswipe. The opposite decision, to go through the intersection, might produce a right-angle accident. For such an intersection, the traffic engineer needs to select a detector-controller configuration that will (a) detect an approaching vehicle before it enters the dilemma zone and either (b) extend the green signal to provide safe passage through the zone or else (c) end the green signal when the vehicle is still upstream of the dilemma zone and thereby provide adequate stopping distance. A major research project examined in detail a number of advanced detector-controller designs. The resulting design manual has systematically integrated into a single publication the available knowledge on the subject. This paper condenses the author's contribution to the design manual, elaborates on certain points incompletely treated by it, and proposes a new configuration. Current knowledge of dilemma-zone boundaries is reviewed, a classification of controllers and detectors and a taxonomy of detector-controller configurations are provided, and research data on the effectiveness of green-extension systems are summarized. The proposed new configuration uses a basic, actuated, nonlocking controller; 25-m (85-ft) long, delayed-call loop detector at the stopline; and two extended-call detectors upstream to give protection to the dilemma zone. /Author/
The metabolism and binding of catecholamines by the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase of the rat (1976)

Noradrenaline and adrenaline were metabolized by an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent process located within the hepatic microsomal fraction of the rat. Metabolism was inhibited by CO and compound SKF 525A, but not by pargyline, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, or by 3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase. It is concluded that the enzyme system responsible for the metabolism of the catecholamines was the microsomal mixed-function oxidase. The Km for noradrenaline was 2.4 mM and for adrenaline 1.0 mM, and V 15.6 and 3.6 nmol/min per mg of microsomal protein respectively. Both catecholamines bound to the microsomal fraction, producing a type II spectral change, with a Ks for noradrenaline of 0.9 mM and for adrenaline of 1.0 mM, and showed other characteristics of type II compounds by inhibited the reduction of cytochrome P-450 by NADPH and exhibiting an enhanced metabolism in the presence of acetone. The major product of catecholamine metabolism was an as yet unidentified alkali-labile compound, which did not correspond to any of the recognized catecholamine metabolites.
Component-based multimodal dialog interfaces for mobile knowledge creation (2001)

This paper addresses two related topics: Firstly, it presents building-blocks for flexible multimodal dialog interfaces based on standardized components (VoiceXML, XML) to indicate that thanks to well-supported standardizations, mobile multimodal interfaces to heterogeneous data sources are becoming ready for mass-market deployment, provided that adequate modularization is respected. Secondly, this is put in the perspective of a discussion of knowledge management in firms, and the paper argues that multimodal dialog systems and the naturalized mobile access to company data they offer will trigger a new knowledge management practice of importance for knowledge-intensive companies.
Thematic Review Series: Glycerolipids. Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in mammalian cells: two metabolically related aminophospholipids (2008)

Phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are two aminophospholipids whose metabolism is interrelated. Both phospholipids are components of mammalian cell membranes and play important roles in biological processes such as apoptosis and cell signaling. PS is synthesized in mammalian cells by base-exchange reactions in which polar head groups of preexisting phospholipids are replaced by serine. PS synthase activity resides primarily on mitochondria-associated membranes and is encoded by two distinct genes. Studies in mice in which each gene has been individually disrupted are beginning to elucidate the importance of these two synthases for biological functions in intact animals. PE is made in mammalian cells by two completely independent major pathways. In one pathway, PS is converted into PE by the mitochondrial enzyme PS decarboxylase. In addition, PE is made via the CDP-ethanolamine pathway, in which the final reaction occurs on the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. The relative importance of these two pathways of PE synthesis has been investigated in knockout mice. Elimination of either pathway is embryonically lethal, despite the normal activity of the other pathway. PE can also be generated from a base-exchange reaction and by the acylation of lyso-PE. Cellular levels of PS and PE are tightly regulated by the implementation of multiple compensatory mechanisms.
Discordance between Primer Pairs in the Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: A Role for Taq Polymerase Inhibitors (1991)

Colleagues-The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful analytical tool for detection and characterization of nucleic acids for the diagnosis ofinfectious diseases. Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) proviral DNA has been detected by PCR in clinical samples with exquisite sensitivity [I]. However, various groups have experienced discrepancies in the detection of HIV-I with different primer pairs [1][2][3][4][5]. These differences in the efficiency of primers to amplify DNA templates could be related to proviral genomic variability in primer binding site or to DNA copy numbers at the limit ofPCR sensitivity. We propose another unsuspected mechanism to explain this phenomenon.
[Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibody to Blastocystis hominis in humans]. (2007)

Serum and stool samples were collected from 322 undergraduate students in medical school. Using stool in vitro cultivation as golden standard, 178 cases were found Blastocystis hominis positive and 144 were negative. Dot-ELISA was used to examine the serum samples with a sensitivity of 92.1% (164/178) and specificity of 97.1% (141/144). This revealed that dot-ELISA can be used for antibody detection against Blastocystis hominis.
Improvement of culture conditions for human megakaryocyte and pluripotent progenitor cells by low oxygen tension (1987)

The effect of low oxygen tension on the growth of human hemopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow was investigated using the semisolid methylcellulose colony assay. The clonal growth of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-gm), early (BFU-e) and late (CFU-e) erythroid progenitors, megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-meg) and pluripotent progenitors (CFU-mix) improved more markedly incubation at the low oxygen tension (5%) than in conventional air (20%). The thiol compound 2-mercaptoethanol had a strong additive effect on colony growth in conventional air, but little or no effect in the low oxygen tension. These results suggest that enhancement of colony growth in the low oxygen tension may be due to a decrease in the production of oxygen intermediates.
A Fully Decentralized Time-Lock Encryption System on Blockchain (2019)

To make a time capsule on the Internet, which will be opened at a planned time in the future, without third parties' involvement has always been a difficult problem. Although there are many researches worked on various time-lock systems, they may have some shortcomings like uncertainty in decryption time, not fully decentralized, hard to estimate the required computing resources. In this paper, we proposed a protocol and a reliable encryption scheme to make time-sensitive message be opened on time at a fully decentralized environment, which is then integrated with the blockchain to adapt to different computing power situations. The method also provides the capability of incorporating with appropriate incentives for encouraging participants to contribute their computing resources, which makes our system more suitable for real world applications.
The Loss of Skeletal Muscle Strength, Mass, and Quality in Older Adults: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study (2006)

Although the loss of muscle mass is associated with the decline in strength in older adults, this strength decline is much more rapid than the concomitant loss of muscle mass, suggesting a decline in muscle quality. Moreover, maintaining or gaining muscle mass does not prevent aging-associated declines in muscle strength.
IL-12 triggers a programmatic change in dysfunctional myeloid-derived cells within mouse tumors (2011)

Solid tumors are complex masses with a local microenvironment, or stroma, that supports tumor growth and progression. Among the diverse tumor-supporting stromal cells is a heterogeneous population of myeloid-derived cells. These cells are alternatively activated and contribute to the immunosuppressive environment of the tumor; overcoming their immunosuppressive effects may improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. We recently found that engineering tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells to secrete the inflammatory cytokine IL-12 improved their therapeutic efficacy in the B16 mouse model of established melanoma. Here, we report the mechanism underlying this finding. Surprisingly, direct binding of IL-12 to receptors on lymphocytes or NK cells was not required. Instead, IL-12 sensitized bone marrow-derived tumor stromal cells, including CD11b(+)F4/80(hi) macrophages, CD11b(+)MHCII(hi)CD11c(hi) dendritic cells, and CD11b(+)Gr-1(hi) myeloid-derived suppressor cells, causing them to enhance the effects of adoptively transferred CD8(+) T cells. This reprogramming of myeloid-derived cells occurred partly through IFN-γ. Surprisingly, direct presentation of antigen to the transferred CD8(+) T cells by tumor was not necessary; however, MHCI expression on host cells was essential for IL-12-mediated antitumor enhancements. These results are consistent with a model in which IL-12 enhances the ability of CD8(+) T cells to collapse large vascularized tumors by triggering programmatic changes in otherwise suppressive antigen-presenting cells within tumors and support the use of IL-12 as part of immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
Microstructural investigation of as cast and PREP atomised Ti–6Al–4V alloy (2011)

A microstructure characterisation of Ti–6Al–4V is conducted for cast, extruded and micrometre sized particles. The plasma rotating electrode process is used to produce spherical Ti–6Al–4V powders from an alloy electrode. The process parameters and their impact on the material properties are described. The effects of electrode rotation speed on the particle size distribution, particle shape and crystal structure are investigated in detail. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are used for microstructural characterisation. The analysis shows that cast and extruded Ti–6Al–4V alloys have equiaxial α and α+β phase structures, while plasma rotating electrode processed powder from the same alloy compositions has an acicular or martensitic (α) structure. The microstructure scale depends on the particle size. Microhardness measurements are used to assess mechanical property dependence on the microstructure of this alloy. The rapidly cooled alloy particles have much higher hardness than cast or extruded bulk alloy.
The randomized z-buffer algorithm (2001)

We present a new output-sensitive rendering algorithm, the randomized z-buffer algorithm. It renders an image of an arbitrary three-dimensional scene consisting of triangular primitives by reconstruction from a dynamically chosen set of random surface sample points. This approach is independent of mesh connectivity and topology. The resulting rendering time grows only logarithmically with the numbers of triangles in the scene. We were able to render walkthroughs of scenes of up to 1014 triangles at interactive frame rates. Automatic identification of low detail scene components ensures that the rendering speed of the randomized z-buffer cannot drop below that of conventional z-buffer rendering. Experimental and analytical evidence is given that the image quality is comparable to that of common approaches like z-buffer rendering. The precomputed data structures employed by the randomized z-buffer allow for interactive dynamic updates of the scene. Their memory requirements grow only linearly with the number of triangles and allow for a scene graph based instantiation scheme to further reduce memory consumption.
Surface Material Characterization from Multi-band Optical Observations (2010)

Abstract : Ground-based optical and radar sites routinely acquire resolved images of satellites. The images provide means to construct accurate wire-frame models of the observed body, as well as understanding of its orientation as a function of time. Because such images are typically acquired in a single spectral band, they provide little information on the types of materials covering the various surfaces. Detailed surface material characterization requires spectrometric and/or multi-band photometric measurements. Many instruments provide such multi-band information. However, the sensors often measure brightness of the entire satellite, with no spatial resolution. Because such whole-body measurements represent a summation of contributions from many reflecting surfaces, an un-mixing or inversion process must be employed. First section of this paper describes the inversion theory required to retrieve satellite surface material properties from temporal sequences of whole-body multi-band brightness measurements. The inversion requires the following input: 1) multi-band measurements of a satellite's reflected brightness, 2) satellite's wire-frame model, including each major component capable of reflecting sunlight, 3) satellite's attitude, specifying the orientation at the time of each multiband measurement, and 4) database of bi-directional reflection distribution functions for candidate surface materials. As output, the inversion process yields estimates of the fraction of each major satellite component covered by each candidate material. Second section describes tests of the method by applying it to simulated multi-band observations of a cubical satellite with different materials. Tests indicate the inversion method successfully retrieves the six known materials when provided a noise-free scan of the cube.
A Randomized Trial of Bevacizumab for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (2014)

First-line use of bevacizumab did not improve overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Progression-free survival was prolonged but did not reach the prespecified improvement target. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00884741.).
192. An X-ray study of the hydration and denaturation of proteins (1935)

W. T. Astbury and R. Lomax, J. Chem. Soc., 1935, 846 DOI: 10.1039/JR9350000846
Throughput analysis of shared-memory crosspoint buffered packet switches (2012)

This study presents a theoretical throughput analysis of two buffered-crossbar switches, called shared-memory crosspoint buffered (SMCB) switches, in which crosspoint buffers are shared by two or more inputs. In one of the switches, the shared-crosspoint buffers are dynamically partitioned and assigned to the sharing inputs, and memory is sped up. In the other switch, inputs are arbitrated to determine which of them accesses the shared-crosspoint buffers, and memory speedup is avoided. SMCB switches have been shown to achieve a throughput comparable to that of a combined input-crosspoint buffered (CICB) switch with dedicated crosspoint buffers to each input but, with less memory than a CICB switch. The two analysed SMCB switches use random selection as the arbitration scheme. The authors modelled the states of the shared-crosspoint buffers of the two switches using a Markov-modulated process and prove that the throughput of the proposed switches approaches 100% under independent and identically distributed uniform traffic. In addition, the authors provide numerical evaluations of the derived formulas to show how the throughput approaches asymptotically to 100%.
I. pages 363 to 506 (2014)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
15-Watt Internally Matched GaAs FETs and 20-Watt Amplifier Operating at 6 GHz (2005)

6-GHz 15-Watt and 8-GHz 10-Watt internally matched GaAs FETs have been developed. The lumped-element two section input matching network is formed on ceramic plates with a high dielectric constant. The distributed single section output circuit is formed in microstrip pattern on an alumina plate. A 6-GHz 20-Watt balanced amplifier module has been realized using the internally matched devices which operate without any external matching.
Fabrication of PEG Hydrogel Microwell Arrays for High-Throughput Single Stem Cell Culture and Analysis (2011)

Microwell arrays are cell culture and imaging platforms to assess cells at a single cell level and in high-throughput. They allow the spatial confinement of single cells in microfabricated cavities on a substrate and thus the continuous long-term observation of single cells and their progeny. The recent development of microwell arrays from soft, biomimetic hydrogels further increases the physiological relevance of these platforms, as it substantially enhances stem cell survival and the efficiency of self-renewal or differentiation. This protocol describes the microfabrication of such hydrogel microwell arrays, as well as the cell handling and imaging.
Measurement of burn depths in rats using multiwavelength photoacoustic depth profiling (2005)

We perform measurement of photoacoustic (PA) signals for burned skin in rats in the spectral range of 500 to 650 nm. The wavelength dependence of PA signal amplitude shows characteristics similar to those of the absorption spectrum of hemoglobin, suggesting that the PA signal originates from blood in the uninjured skin tissue under the injured tissue layer. High-contrast signals are obtained in the spectral range of 532 to 580 nm. At 550 nm, a PA detector is scanned on the wounds and PA tomograms are obtained. The tomograms clearly show the zones of stasis, demonstrating that a 2-D PA measurement is useful for burn depth assessment.
IR Spectroscopy of UF<sub>6</sub> (1979)

Abstract A spectroscopic examination of the IR absorption features of room temperature UF6 has been carried out. We report measurements of the isotope shift for the v3 fundamental band and several binary combination bands; measurements of the absorption coefficient per torr as a function of frequency for the v3 band for both 235UF6 and 238UF6, determination of the frequency dependence of small signal isotope selectivity for the v3 band and binary combination bands, and measurements of the absorption coefficient per torr for the peak absorption of the strong binary combination bands. We both extend the previous measurements of McDowell et al.3 on the IR absorption of room temperature UF6 and agree with their results in cases where repeat measurements are performed. Key Words: UF6 infrared absorptionisotope shift
Fluorescence Spectrophotometry (2001)

Abstract Fluorescence spectrophotometry is a class of techniques that assay the state of a biological system by studying its interactions with fluorescent probe molecules. This interaction is monitored by measuring the changes in the fluorescent probe optical properties.
Isolation and characterization of human myosin heavy chain genes. (1983)

We have isolated four unique human sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (MHC) genomic clones using rat MHC cDNA clones as probes. Three of these clones contain adult skeletal muscle-specific DNA sequences, whereas one clone contains embryonic skeletal muscle-specific sequences. This developmental and tissue specificity was determined by hybridization of each of the human clones to MHC mRNA from different muscle tissues. Cross-hybridization studies indicate that certain sequences of the human MHC genes have been conserved through evolution while other portions have diverged considerably. Preliminary evidence demonstrates that the MHC gene family is polymorphic in human populations. Each of the human MHC genes was shown to have repetitive sequences in multiple positions, both within the gene and in adjacent flanking DNA sequences. We have shown that, in contrast, four rat MHC genes have far fewer repetitive sequences even though two of the four genes contain the same muscle specificity as the human genes. Therefore, these genes may be useful to study gene evolution and repetitive sequence transposition.
Swelling equilibria for positively ionized polyacrylamide hydrogels (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSwelling equilibria for positively ionized polyacrylamide hydrogelsHerbert H. Hooper, John P. Baker, Harvey W. Blanch, and John M. PrausnitzCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 4, 1096–1104Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00206a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00206a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1755Altmetric-Citations212LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Outside the cave of shadows: using syntactic annotation to enhance authorship attribution (1996)

This paper reports an experiment in authorship attribution in which statistical measures and methods that have been widely applied to words and their frequencies of use are applied to rewrite rules as they appear in a syntactically annotated corpus. The outcome of this experiment suggests that the frequencies with which syntactic rewrite rules are put to use provide a better clue to authorship than word usage. Complementary methods focusing on the high-frequency head and the low-frequency tail of the distribution independently reveal a higher resolution than traditional word-based analyses, and promise enhanced accuracy for authorship attribution.