gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seamless Group Reformation in WiFi Peer to Peer network using dormant backend links (2015)

WiFi Peer to Peer (P2P) aka WiFi Direct enables devices to communicate with each other in a peer to peer manner without requiring any Access Point at typical WiFi speed with WPA2 security. With its huge prospect in revolutionizing device to device communication, WiFi P2P can potentially play a much larger role amid the growing interest in M2M communication and Internet of Things. However, unlike a conventional P2P network which operates on mesh topology, WiFi P2P requires one of its group members to act as Group Owner, with whom all the other devices in the group stay associated. The group suffers from a temporary network disruption when the Group Owner suddenly leaves the group without any prior notice. In addition, restoration of the group connectivity consumes much time which is intolerable for most delay sensitive applications. In this paper, we address this issue using our proposed concept of Seamless Group Reformation which helps in maintaining near continuous connectivity and alleviates over dependence of the group on the Group Owner. The concept is seconded by the proposed mechanism of Dormant Backend Links to cut down the total group-disruption time. We implement the mechanism of Dormant Backend Links on a practical WiFi P2P testbed and present an experimental evaluation.
Quantitative autoradiographic measurements of blood-brain barrier permeability in the rat glioma model (1982)

Quantitative autoradiographic technique was applied in measuring blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of autochthonous gliomas in rats. In small tumors (less than 2 mm in diameter), no increase in BBB permeability was noted. As the tumor grew and neovascularization occurred, BBB permeability increased in the center of the tumor, and it was suggested that the BBB was partly disrupted in the neovascularized vessels. In the fully grown tumors, BBB permeability was markedly increased in the viable part of the tumor to levels similar to the choroid plexus. Yet, the BBB was partly preserved at the periphery of the tumor and in the brain adjacent to the tumor. The heterogeneity of the BBB phenomenon according to the stage of tumor growth may be a major obstacle for uptake of chemotherapeutic drugs that do not cross the BBB easily.
Modeling of natural human-robot encounters (2008)

For a person to feel comfortable when approaching a robot it is necessary for the robot to behave in an expected way. Peoplepsilas behavior around a robot not being aware of them were observed during a preliminary experiment. Based on those observations people were classified into four groups depending on their interest in the robot. People were tracked with a laser range finder based system, and their positions, directions and velocities were estimated. A second classification based on that information was made and the relation between the two classifications were mapped. Different actions were created for the robot to be able to react naturally to different human behaviors. In this paper we evaluate three different robot behaviors with respect to how natural they appear. One behavior that actively tries to engage people, one that passively indicates that people have been noticed and a third that makes random gestures. During an experiment test subjects were instructed to act according to the groups from the classification based on interest, and the robotpsilas performance with regard to naturalness was evaluated. Both first and third person evaluation made clear that the active and passive behavior were considered equally natural, while a robot randomly making gestures was considered much less natural.
Properties of Polyether–polyurethane anionomers (1983)

Abstract Two series of polyether-polyurethane anionomers based on 4, 4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), and polytetramethylene oxide glycol (PTMO) were synthesized. The system based on 1000-MW PTMO, which exhibits an interconnected hard domain morphology, showed a substantial decrease in the soft segment Tg upon ionization. The moduli of the corresponding anionomers were found to increase as the cationic charge of the neutralizing species was increased. The series based on 2000-MW PTMO, which exhibits an isolated hard domain morphology, showed little change in thermal or mechanical properties either upon ionization or in varying cationic charge.
Korean Hereditary Breast Cancer (2009)

A pproximately 7% of all breast cancer cases are associated with hereditary predisposition and BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene, which accounts for half of the hereditary breast cancer (HBC). Although majority of breast cancer occur sporadically, identification of HBC is important in that active adoption of preventive strategies such as surveillance, chemoprevention, and riskreducing surgery will result in the gain of life-expectancy. According to the recent studies, the prevalence and penetrance of BRCA mutation in Korean breast cancer patients are comparable to that of western countries. Genetic testing should be done in the setting of genetic counseling, which provides the patients with comprehensive information about the test procedure, the interpretation of the test result, and possible options when the test results were positive for mutation. The management of HBC is not different from that of sporadic cancer and many clinical trials investigating the chemoprevention and targeted therapy of HBC are underway. The Korean Hereditary Breast Cancer (KOHBRA) study is a nationwide multicenter study to reveal the prevalence of BRCA mutation in Korean breast cancer patients. After the completion of the KOHBRA study, we expect important basic data which will be the backbone of clinical practice guideline for Korean HBC patients.
Multiple Signals Mediate Proliferation, Differentiation, and Survival from the Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Receptor in Myeloid 32D Cells (1999)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) regulates neutrophil production through activation of its cognate receptor, the G-CSF-R. Previous studies with deletion mutants have shown that the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic domain of the receptor is sufficient for mitogenic signaling, whereas the membrane-distal domain is required for differentiation signaling. However, the function of the four cytoplasmic tyrosines of the G-CSF-R in the control of proliferation, differentiation, and survival has remained unclear. Here we investigated the role of these tyrosines by expressing a tyrosine "null" mutant and single tyrosine "add back" mutants in maturation-competent myeloid 32D cells. Clones expressing the null mutant showed only minimal proliferation and differentiation, with survival also reduced at low G-CSF concentrations. Analysis of clones expressing the add-back mutants revealed that multiple tyrosines contribute to proliferation, differentiation, and survival signals from the G-CSF-R. Analysis of signaling pathways downstream of these tyrosines suggested a positive role for STAT3 activation in both differentiation and survival signaling, whereas SHP-2, Grb2 and Shc appear important for proliferation signaling. In addition, we show that a tyrosine-independent "differentiation domain" in the membrane-distal region of the G-CSF-R appears necessary but not sufficient for mediating neutrophilic differentiation in these cells.
Localization of Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Dialysis Patients (1987)

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction has been described frequently in uremic patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the localization of this abnormality and to study the possible relationship between autonomic dysfunction and the occurrence of dialysis hypotension. Sixteen consecutive patients participated in the study, 5 of whom had a history of dialysis-induced hypotension. These 5 patients were compared to the other 11 as regards the cardiovascular response to isoproterenol infusion, tilt test and arteriovenous (AV) fistula occlusion. None of the responses to the above mentioned stimuli was significantly different between the 2 groups. In the whole study population, an index of parasympathetic control of heart rate (variation of heart period, VHP) was reduced (31 +/- 5 vs. 59 +/- 9 ms in age-matched controls; p less than 0.025). Heart rate and diastolic blood pressure response to isoproterenol infusion was normal (+23 +/- 2 beats/min and -9 +/- 3 mm Hg; p less than 0.005 for both), indicating normal response of effector organs to beta-adrenergic agonist stimulation. Similarly, plasma norepinephrine increased significantly (+294 +/- 51 pg/ml; p = NS from normal laboratory values) in response to head-up tilt, and heart rate increased simultaneously in all but 5 patients. Blood pressure response was within normal after 10 min of head-up tilt at 60 degrees in all but 3 patients; only 1 of these 3 patients was in the group of dialysis hypotension. However, during AV fistula occlusion, heart rate did not change markedly, despite the significant increase in systolic blood pressure, suggesting an altered sensitivity of baroreceptor reflex arc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enhancing effects of anti-CD40 treatment on the immune response of SCID-bovine mice to<i>Trypanosoma congolense</i>infection (2001)

African trypansosomes are tsetse-transmitted parasites of chief importance in causing disease in livestock in regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies have demonstrated that certain breeds of cattle are relatively resistant to infection with trypanosomes, and others are more susceptible. Because of its extracellular location, the humoral branch of the immune system dominates the response against Trypanosoma congolense. In the following study, we describe the humoral immune response generated against T. congolense in SCID mice reconstituted with a bovine immune system (SCID-bo). SCID-bo mice infected with T. congolense were treated with an agonistic anti-CD40 antibody and monitored for the development of parasitemia and survival. Anti-CD40 antibody administration resulted in enhanced survival compared with mice receiving the isotype control. In addition, we demonstrate that the majority of bovine IgM+ B cells in SCID-bo mice expresses CD5, consistent with a neonatal phenotype. It is interesting that the percentage of bovine CD5+ B cells in the peripheral blood of infected SCID-bo mice was increased following anti-CD40 treatment. Immunohistochemical staining also indicated increased numbers of Ig+ cells in the spleens of anti-CD40-treated mice. Consistent with previous studies demonstrating high IL-10 production during high parasitemia levels in mice and cattle, abundant IL-10 mRNA message was detected in the spleens and peripheral blood of T. congolense-infected SCID-bo mice during periods of high parasitemia. In addition, although detected in plasma when parasites were absent or low in number, bovine antibody was undetectable during high parasitemia. However, Berenil treatment allowed for the detection of VSG-specific IgG 14 days postinfection in T. congolense-infected SCID-bo mice. Overall, the data indicate that survival of trypanosome-infected SCID-bo mice is prolonged when an agonistic antibody against bovine CD40 (ILA156) is administered. Thus, stimulation of B cells and/or other cell types through CD40 afforded SCID-bo mice a slight degree of protection during T. congolense infection.
Detection, prevalence, and duration of humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 under conditions of limited population exposure (2020)

We conducted an extensive serological study to quantify population-level exposure and define correlates of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. We found that relative to mild COVID-19 cases, individuals with severe disease exhibited elevated authentic virus-neutralizing titers and antibody levels against nucleocapsid (N) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) and the S2 region of spike protein. Unlike disease severity, age and sex played lesser roles in serological responses. All cases, including asymptomatic individuals, seroconverted by 2 weeks post-PCR confirmation. RBD- and S2-specific and neutralizing antibody titers remained elevated and stable for at least 2-3 months post-onset, whereas those against N were more variable with rapid declines in many samples. Testing of 5882 self-recruited members of the local community demonstrated that 1.24% of individuals showed antibody reactivity to RBD. However, 18% (13/73) of these putative seropositive samples failed to neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus. Each of the neutralizing, but only 1 of the non-neutralizing samples, also displayed potent reactivity to S2. Thus, inclusion of multiple independent assays markedly improved the accuracy of antibody tests in low seroprevalence communities and revealed differences in antibody kinetics depending on the viral antigen. In contrast to other reports, we conclude that immunity is durable for at least several months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Enhanced visible and near-infrared optical absorption in silicon supersaturated with chalcogens (2011)

We show that single-crystal silicon supersaturated with sulfur (S), selenium (Se), or tellurium (Te) displays a substantially enhanced absorption coefficient for light with wavelengths of 400 to 1600 nm. Alloys were prepared in silicon on insulator wafers by ion implantation followed by nanosecond pulsed laser melting. Measurements of the absorption coefficient were made by direct transmission through freestanding thin films and by spectroscopic ellipsometry.
Molecular Determinants of Differential Ligand Sensitivities of Insect Ecdysteroid Receptors (2000)

The functional receptor for insect ecdysteroid hormones is a heterodimer consisting of two nuclear hormone receptors, ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) and the retinoid X receptor homologue Ultraspiracle (USP). Although ecdysone is commonly thought to be a hormone precursor and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the physiologically active steroid, little is known about the relative activity of ecdysteroids in various arthropods. As a step toward characterization of potential differential ligand recognition, we have analyzed the activities of various ecdysteroids using gel mobility shift assays and transfection assays in Schneider-2 (S2) cells. Ecdysone showed little activation of the Drosophila melanogaster receptor complex (DmEcR-USP). In contrast, this steroid functioned as a potent ligand for the mosquito Aedes aegypti receptor complex (AaEcR-USP), significantly enhancing DNA binding and transactivating a reporter gene in S2 cells. The mosquito receptor also displayed higher hormone-independent DNA binding activity than the Drosophila receptor. Subunit-swapping experiments indicated that the EcR protein, not the USP protein, was responsible for ligand specificity. Using domain-swapping techniques, we made a series of Aedes and Drosophila EcR chimeric constructs. Differential ligand responsiveness was mapped near the C terminus of the ligand binding domain, within the identity box previously implicated in the dimerization specificity of nuclear receptors. This region includes helices 9 and 10, as determined by comparison with available crystal structures obtained from other nuclear receptors. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Phe529 in Aedes EcR, corresponding to Tyr611 in Drosophila EcR, was most critical for ligand specificity and hormone-independent DNA binding activity. These results demonstrated that ecdysone could function as a bona fide ligand in a species-specific manner.
Two Viruses Isolated from Rodents (Clethrionomys gapperi and Microtus pennsylvanicus) Trapped in St. Lawrence County, New York (1970)

Four strains of C. gapperi virus were isolated from 3 Clethrionomys gapperi and 47 strains of Microtus virus from 15 Microtus pennsylvanicus and 1 Mus musculus. One of the Microtus strains was isolated from a pool of 20 mites while the others were from rodent tissues. These agehts were insensitive to ether and sodium desoxycholate, withstood freezing at -70 C for 3 years and lyophilization without loss of titer, and were not killed when heated at 60 C for 1 hour. Their size as determined by filtration was less than 50 mg and greater than 20-35 mmicro. The strains within each group appear to be similar. The illness induced in suckling mice by the C. gapperi agents had a 5-day incubation period followed by prostration and death with a histologic picture of extensive encephalomalacia. The incubation period in mice for the Microtus agents was 9 to 11 days followed by convulsions and death. Histopathology showed meningeal infiltration and necrosis of the molecular layer. No antigenic similarity was detected between the C. gapperi and Microtus viruses by cross complement-fixation test.
Escalated Focal Liver Radiation and Concurrent Hepatic Artery Fluorodeoxyuridine for Unresectable Intrahepatic Malignancies (2000)

The excellent response rate, prolonged intrahepatic control, and improved survival in patients treated with RT doses of 70 Gy or more motivate continuation of dose-escalation studies for patients with intrahepatic malignancies.
Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles from W/O/W emulsions: Preliminary studies on insulin encapsulation (2008)

A method to produce solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) from W/O/W multiple emulsions was developed applying the solvent-in-water emulsion-diffusion technique. Insulin was chosen as hydrophilic peptide drug to be dissolved in the acidic inner aqueous phase of multiple emulsions and to be consequently carried in SLN. Several partially water-miscible solvents with low toxicity were screened in order to optimize emulsions and SLN composition, after assessing that insulin did not undergo any chemical modification in the presence of the different solvents and under the production process conditions. SLN of spherical shape and with mean diameters in the 600-1200 nm range were obtained by simple water dilution of the W/O/W emulsion. Best results, in terms of SLN mean diameter and encapsulation efficiencies, were obtained using glyceryl monostearate as lipid matrix, butyl lactate as a solvent, and soy lecithin and Pluronic F68 as surfactants. Encapsulation efficiencies up to 40% of the loaded amount were obtained, owing to the actual multiplicity of the system; the use of multiple emulsion-derived SLN can be considered a useful strategy to encapsulate a hydrophilic drug in a lipid matrix.
C1 Inhibitor Cross-linking by Tissue Transglutaminase (2000)

C1 inhibitor, a plasma proteinase inhibitor of the serpin superfamily involved in the regulation of complement classical pathway and intrinsic blood coagulation, has been shown to bind to several components of the extracellular matrix. These reactions may be responsible for C1 inhibitor localization in the perivascular space. In the study reported here, we have examined whether C1 inhibitor could function as a substrate for plasma (factor XIIIa) or tissue transglutaminase. We made the following observations: 1) SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography showed that C1 inhibitor exposed to tissue transglutaminase (but not to factor XIIIa) incorporated the radioactive amine donor substrate [(3)H]putrescine in a calcium-dependent manner; 2) the maximum stoichiometry for the uptake of [(3)H]putrescine by C1 inhibitor was 1:1; 3) proteolytic cleavage and peptide sequencing of reduced and carboxymethylated [(3)H]putrescine-C1 inhibitor identified Gln(453) (P'9) as the single amine acceptor residue; 4) studies with (125)I-labeled C1 inhibitor showed that tissue transglutaminase was also able to cross-link C1 inhibitor to immobilized fibrin; and 5) C1 inhibitor cross-linked by tissue transglutaminase to immobilized fibrin had inhibitory activity against its target enzymes. Thus, tissue transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking of C1 inhibitor to fibrin or other extracellular matrix components may serve as a mechanism for covalent serpin binding and influence local regulation of the proteolytic pathways inhibited by C1 inhibitor.
Identification of a Fourth Major Gene Conferring Resistance to Soybean Rust<sup>1</sup> (1986)

Studies were conducted in containment facilities at Frederick, MD to determine the genetic basis of resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. (incitant of soybean rust) carried by the soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] line PI 459025. Previous studies showed that soybean genotypes PI 200492, PI 230970, and PI 462312 each carried a single dominant gene conferring resistance to a specific soybean rust isolate. Genotype PI 200492 gave a near‐immune reaction to rust isolate India 73‐1 and a susceptible reaction to Taiwan 72‐1. Genotype PI 462312 gave a resistant reaction to the India rust isolate and a susceptible reaction to the Taiwan isolate. Genotype PI 230970 and F 4 lines having PI 230970 as a parent gave resistant reactions to both rust isolates. Genotype PI 200492, PI 230970, and PI 462312 gave a susceptible reaction when inoculated with rust isolate Taiwan 80‐2. Line PI 459025 was identified as resistant to Taiwan 80‐2 as well as Taiwan 72‐1 and India 73‐1. Line PI 459025 was crossed with each of the three previously identified sources of resistance. The F 1 plants, F 2 populations, and selected F 3 lines were inoculated with each of the three rust isolates to determine their reaction. For each plant evaluated, a leaflet of a single trifoliolate leaf was inoculated with a different rust isolate. The results showed that PI 459025 carried a single dominant gene for resistance to all three rust isolates and that this gene was at a different locus from the three previously identified genes conferring resistance to specific rust isolates. The genotype assigned for rust resistance of PI 459025 is rpp 1 rpp 1 rpp 2 rpp 2 rpp 3 rpp 3 Rpp 4 Rpp 4 .
Audiovisual quality assessment in communications applications: Current status, trends and challenges (2010)

Audiovisual quality assessment is one of the major challenges in multimedia communications. Traditionally, algorithm-based (objective) assessment methods have focused primarily on the compression artifacts. However, compression is only one of the numerous factors influencing the perception. In communications applications, transmission errors, including packet losses and bit errors, can be a significant source of quality degradation. Also the environmental factors, such as background noise, ambient light and display characteristics, pose an impact on perception. A third aspect that has not been widely addressed in practical quality metrics is the co-impact of audio and video qualities. This paper provides an overview of the current trends and challenges in objective audiovisual quality assessment, with emphasis on communications applications.
Current Drug Managements of Wilson's Disease: From West to East (2016)

Wilson's disease (WD), also called hepatolenticular degeneration, is an autosomal recessive inheritance disorder of copper metabolism characterized by the multiple mutations in the ATP-ase 7B gene of chromosome 13q. About half of the WD patients have neurological or psychiatric symptoms. As WD is a kind of medicable or nearly curable neurodegenerative disease in the field of medicine, early consideration/examination and without delay/ life-long treatment usually lead to better prognoses. The drugs, also named as anticopper agents, are commonly used in clinics including D-penicillamine, trientine, sodium dimercaptosuccinate, dimercaptosuccinic acid, zinc and tetrathiomolybdate. This provides detailed reviews about these medicines.