gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular genetic basis for deficient acetaminophen glucuronidation by cats: UGT1A6 is a pseudogene, and evidence for reduced diversity of expressed hepatic UGT1A isoforms (2000)

The domestic cat has a significantly lower capacity to glucuronidate planar phenolic xenobiotics compared with most other mammalian species. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanistic basis for this anomaly. Current knowledge of the substrate specificity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms indicates that the cat may either lack or poorly express UGT1A6. Initially, a novel cloning technique was used to identify UGT1A genes expressed in cat liver. Only two unique UGT1A isoforms could be discriminated. The first (28%, of clones) was most homologous to UGT1A1 (the bilirubin-UGT), while the second (72% of clones) showed homology to several isoforms, but could not be unambiguously identified, and was designated cat UGT1A02. Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of a single UGT1A6-homologous region in the cat genome. Subsequent cloning and sequencing of the entire UGT1A6 exon 1 coding region revealed five deleterious genetic mutations. Identical mutations were found by sequencing of UGT1A6 exon 1 from five other unrelated cats. Four of these five genetic lesions were also identified in the UGT1A6 exon 1 region of a margay (Leopardus wiedii). Finally, RT-PCR of liver mRNA from four different cats confirmed the presence of UGT1A1 and UGT1A02, but not UGT1A6. In conclusion, UGT1A6 is a pseudogene in the domestic cat and in at least one other phylogenetically related species. Furthermore, cats appear to have a less diverse pattern of UGT1A isoform expression compared with other species. Such differences most likely reflect the highly carnivorous diet of Feliform species and resultant minimal exposure to phytoalexins.
Space-time isosurface evolution for temporally coherent 3D reconstruction (2004)

We model the dynamic geometry of a time-varying scene as a 3D isosurface in space-time. The intersection of the isosurface with planes of constant time yields the geometry at a single time instant. An optimal fit of our model to multiple video sequences is defined as the minimum of an energy functional. This functional is given by an integral over the entire hypersurface, which is designed to optimize photo-consistency. A PDE-based evolution derived from the Euler-Lagrange equation maximizes consistency with all of the given video data simultaneously. The result is a 3D model of the scene which varies smoothly over time. The geometry reconstructed by this scheme is significantly better than results obtained by space-carving approaches that do not enforce temporal coherence.
Coalescing drops in microfluidic parking networks: A multifunctional platform for drop-based microfluidics (2014)

Multiwell plate and pipette systems have revolutionized modern biological analysis; however, they have disadvantages because testing in the submicroliter range is challenging, and increasing the number of samples is expensive. We propose a new microfluidic methodology that delivers the functionality of multiwell plates and pipettes at the nanoliter scale by utilizing drop coalescence and confinement-guided breakup in microfluidic parking networks (MPNs). Highly monodisperse arrays of drops obtained using a hydrodynamic self-rectification process are parked at prescribed locations in the device, and our method allows subsequent drop manipulations such as fine-gradation dilutions, reactant addition, and fluid replacement while retaining microparticles contained in the sample. Our devices operate in a quasistatic regime where drop shapes are determined primarily by the channel geometry. Thus, the behavior of parked drops is insensitive to flow conditions. This insensitivity enables highly parallelized manipulation of drop arrays of different composition, without a need for fine-tuning the flow conditions and other system parameters. We also find that drop coalescence can be switched off above a critical capillary number, enabling individual addressability of drops in complex MPNs. The platform demonstrated here is a promising candidate for conducting multistep biological assays in a highly multiplexed manner, using thousands of submicroliter samples.
Plasma doping of silicon fin structures (2011)

Plasma doping has been explored for many implant applications for over two decades and is now being used in semiconductor manufacturing for two applications: DRAM polysilicon counter-doping and contact doping. Recently it has become an attractive implant technique for multiple gate and FinFET devices, since the directionality of the conventional beam-line implant processes used to form the source and drain junctions in planar devices is not well suited for use on non-planar devices. In this paper, we investigate the use of plasma doping to dope the sidewalls of fins, with particular attention to the dopant uniformity and residual damage after anneal.
High-Dose Chemotherapy with Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Rescue for High-Risk Breast Cancer (2003)

High-dose alkylating therapy improves relapse-free survival among patients with stage II or III breast cancer and 10 or more positive axillary lymph nodes. This benefit may be confined to patients with HER-2/neu-negative tumors.
Data Augmentation for Recognition of Handwritten Words and Lines Using a CNN-LSTM Network (2017)

We introduce two data augmentation and normalization techniques, which, used with a CNN-LSTM, significantly reduce Word Error Rate (WER) and Character Error Rate (CER) beyond best-reported results on handwriting recognition tasks. (1) We apply a novel profile normalization technique to both word and line images. (2) We augment existing text images using random perturbations on a regular grid. We apply our normalization and augmentation to both training and test images. Our approach achieves low WER and CER over hundreds of authors, multiple languages and a variety of collections written centuries apart. Image augmentation in this manner achieves state-of-the-art recognition accuracy on several popular handwritten word benchmarks.
Artificial Cooling of Power Cable [includes discussion] (1952)

WHILE THE ARTIFICIAL COOLING of rotating machinery and transformers is a practice which is familiar to most electrical engineers, it rarely has been used in the past in cable work. However, with the growth of load and the increased congestion which has resulted therefrom in power stations, substations, and their immediate neighborhood, artificial cooling of cables has become essential in some locations and economically desirable in others.
Genetic loci influencing natural variations in femoral bone morphometry in mice (2001)

This study identifies genetic loci affecting femoral bone length and width measures in mature mice. Sixteen month old female F2 progeny of a C57BL/6J and DBA/2J intercross were examined for femur length and width of the femoral head, intertrochanteric region and three locations of the diaphysis using digitized images of femur radiographs obtained in the anterior-posterior and lateral projections. A genome wide linkage map was constructed using microsatellite markers at an average density of 20 cM, and quantitative trait locus analysis used to identify regions of the genome showing linkage with the traits measured. Femur length showed significant linkage with loci on proximal chromosome 3 (lod 6.1), and suggestive linkage with a locus on chromosome 14. A major locus on mid-chromosome 7 controlled width of the diaphysis (lod 6.8). Other loci were identified on chromosomes 2 and 4. Width at the intertrochanteric region had suggestive linkage with loci on chromosomes 6 and 19. No loci were found with linkage for width of the femoral head. Candidate genes related to bone development or metabolism are present at most of these loci. These findings show that genetic regulation of femoral bone morphology is complex, and are consistent with the distinct biologic processes that control longitudinal and lateral growth of the femur.
A contextual normalised edit distance (2008)

In order to better fit a variety of pattern recognition problems over strings, using a normalised version of the edit or Levenshtein distance is considered to be an appropriate approach. The goal of normalisation is to take into account the lengths of the strings. We define a new normalisation, contextual, where each edit operation is divided by the length of the string on which the edit operation takes place. We prove that this contextual edit distance is a metric and that it can be computed through an extension of the usual dynamic programming algorithm for the edit distance. We also provide a fast heuristic which nearly always returns the same result and we show over several experiments that the distance obtains good results in classification tasks and has a low intrinsic dimension in comparison with other normalised edit distances.
Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of severe acute graft-versus-host disease (2006)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from adult bone marrow can differentiate into several mesenchymal tissues and they also have immunomodulatory effects. We gave MSC to eight patients with steroid-refractory grades III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and one who had extensive chronic GVHD. The MSC dose was median 1.0 (range 0.7 to 9) × 106/kg body weight of the recipient. No acute side-effects occurred after the MSC infusions. Six patients were treated once, three patients twice, one was given a second infusion for a recurrence of GVHD and two showed a poor response shortly after the first infusion. Two patients received MSC from HLA-identical siblings, six from haplo-identical family donors and four from unrelated mismatched donors. Acute GVHD disappeared completely in six of eight patients. One of these developed cytomegalovirus gastroenteritis. Two died soon after this treatment and therefore the response could not be evaluated, but one had MSC donor DNA in the colon and a lymph node. Five patients are still alive between 2 months and 3 years after the transplantation. Their survival rate was significantly better than that of 16 patients with steroid-resistant biopsy-proven gastrointestinal GVHD, not treated with MSC during the same period (P = .03). One patient treated for extensive chronic GVHD showed a transient response in the liver, but not in the skin and he died of Epstein-Barr virus lymphoma. In conclusion, MSC is a very promising treatment for severe steroid-resistant acute GVHD.
Antenna response to CDM E-fields (2012)

The CDM event results from collapse of an electric dipole, producing an analytically describable radiation field pulse. A coaxial monopole E-field antenna's transfer function gives the antenna signal in near-field, which features a bipolar “monocycle” pulse. A TLP-based synthetic monocycle pulser, for characterizing antenna-driven ESD detectors, is described.
Casein kinase II is elevated in solid human tumours and rapidly proliferating non‐neoplastic tissue (1990)

Protein kinase CKII (i.e.casein kinase II, CKII, NII) is expressed at a higher level in rapidly proliferating tissues and in solid human tumours (e.g. colorectal carcinomas) when compared to the corresponding nonneoplastic colorectal mucosa. This could be shown by (a) Western blotting of cellular extracts from solid tumours followed by immunostaining with an anti‐CKII polyclonal antibody, (b) immunohistochemical staining of cells from tissue sections and (c) by activity measurements using the CKII‐specific synthetic peptide (RRRDDDSDDD). The maximum observed activity in the colorectal carcinomas investigated was up to eightfold higher in the tumour specimens than in the non‐neoplastic tissue (i.e. colorectal mucosa). The activity range was between 33–350 U/mg protein and in the case of colorectal mucosa 13–106 U mg protein. The amount of CKII determined in the individual tumours was in the range 0.4–1.6 nmol/g tissue.
Electromagnetic generators for power harvesting (2005)

The design of electromagnetic generators that can be integrated within shoe soles is described. In this way, parasitic energy expended by a person when walking can be tapped and used to power portable electronic equipment. Designs are based on discrete permanent magnets and copper wire coils, and it is intended to improve performance by applying micro-fabrication technologies. Detailed descriptions of design and measurements of initial prototype structures are presented, with which RMS voltage levels of over 500 mV have been achieved. Predicted power levels are comparable to those achieved with integrated piezoelectric generators. The design of a second generator structure is introduced. A comparison of the two types of electromagnetic generator structures is presented.
Heats of Dissociation of Mixture of Poly(γ-benzyl L- and D-glutamate) (1977)

The heats of dissociation of stacked side-chain benzyl groups in mixtures of various proportions of poly(gamma-benzyl L- and D-glutamate) have been measured by a differential scanning calorimeter. In order to obtain further information about the dissociation, the heats of solution of poly(gamma-benzyl L- and D-glutamate) were also measured by a twin micro calorimeter at 303 K. The agreement between the heat of dissociation obtained by DSC and that determined by the heat of dissolution is good. The average value of the heat of dissociation of stacking estimated by both methods is about 5 kJ/(mol of pairs of residue.
Programming for evaluating strip layout of progressive dies (2011)

A progressive die is an effective tool for efficient and economical production of sheet metal parts in large quantities. Nowadays, progressive die designers still spend much of their time on choosing better layouts among feasible ones. This study employs Pro/Web.Link, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) and JavaScript to develop an application which helps evaluate automatically strip layouts in Pro/Engineer software environment. This paper proposes solutions for calculating total evaluation score of the strip layout based on four factors: station number factor, moment balancing factor, strip stability factor and feed height factor.
Self-tuning fuzzy logic controller for reactive navigation (2002)

Low-level tasks for the navigation of autonomous vehicles can be accomplished efficiently by behavioral-based approaches mapping sensory data onto control commands in a reactive way, without using internal representations. Such a direct mapping can be usefully realized using fuzzy logic. All the choices involved in fuzzy controller design, impacting the final result in terms of complexity and performance, are generally made intuitively and/or by trial-and-error processes. Automatic learning and self-tuning of rules are required for adaptive controllers operating in real dynamic environments instead. This paper presents a method for minimizing the number of rules in a fuzzy controller without affecting its overall performance. The experiments have been made reducing the number of rules of a fuzzy controller developed for driving a TRC Labmate based vehicle along the wall on its right-hand side mapping ultrasonic sensor readings onto steering velocity values. Fuzzy rules have been learned automatically from training data collected during operator-driven runs of the vehicle. Experimental results, comparing the original and the optimized versions of the controller successfully driving the vehicle along arbitrarily shaped walls in real unknown environments, are provided.
[Bioavailability of acetylsalicylic acid administered orally or rectally in the rabbit]. (1989)

The aim of this study is to compare the bioavailability of acetylsalicylic acid administered rectally in suppositories form and orally in tablets form to the rabbit. Acetylsalicylic acid was given to 8 males rabbits rectally and orally in a balanced crossover design with 15 days of interval between each study. In blood samples, acetylsalicylic acid is determined by Trinder's method. It has been established that the rectal route has a faster absorption than the oral route however it displayed a more intense first pass effect than that of the oral route.
Haptic display for object grasping and manipulating in virtual environment (2002)

A haptic display for grasping and manipulating virtual objects in a CAD environment is investigated for the development of rapid prototyping technology. The operator receives the sensation of contacting and tracing of the surface of the virtual object, and of grasping and manipulating the object from the haptic display. After the control of the haptic display is formulated, it is implemented on the Sarcos Dexterous Arm Master. The proposed haptic display is experimentally confirmed to provide realistic sensation that enables the operator to grasp and manipulate the virtual object easily as intended.
Identifying smartphone users based on smartwatch data (2017)

In recent years, smartphones have become part and parcel of peoples life. Smartphones are used for all day-to-day critical tasks like money transfer, storing important documents and other information. This thesis presents, a user identification system based on smartwatch data. For identification of a user, walking activity and call receiving activity are analyzed when the phone is on the table and in pocket or bag. The recorded data from four smartwatch sensors enables the calculation of mean, variance, skewness, and gamma distribution parameters. These features are used to train the model. The presented system was tested on 20 participants and has an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 0.052.
Accumulation of lysophosphatidylinositol in RAW 264.7 macrophage tumor cells stimulated by lipid A precursors. (1987)

N2,O3-Diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate (lipid X), a monosaccharide precursor of Escherichia coli lipid A, was used to stimulate RAW 264.7 macrophage tumor cells, and the effects on macrophage phospholipid metabolism were examined. The addition of E. coli lipid X to the medium of cells that had been uniformly labeled with 32Pi resulted in a 4-8-fold increase in the level of lysophosphatidylinositol. This effect was maximal at 5 microM lipid X. Lysophosphatidylinositol levels reached a maximum 45 min after stimulation, followed by a gradual decline to near normal levels within 2 h. The formation of lysophosphatidylinositol was dependent upon extracellular calcium and was almost completely inhibited when cycloheximide was added at the time of stimulation. The addition of the disaccharide lipid A precursor IVA, commercial lipopolysaccharide (1 microgram/ml), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (10(-7) M), or calcium ionophore A23187 (10(-6) M) to these cells resulted in a similar increase in lysophosphatidylinositol levels, but phosphatidic acid was inactive. The stimulation by IVA and phorbol myristate acetate was blocked by cycloheximide, but the stimulation by lipopolysaccharide was only partially blocked. The stimulation by A23187 was unaffected by cycloheximide. The increase in lysophosphatidylinositol levels might be related to the stimulation of arachidonate release and prostaglandin synthesis that is also observed in cells treated with lipid A precursors. The disaccharide precursor, IVA, was at least 100 times more effective than lipid X at stimulating lysophosphatidylinositol formation and prostaglandin release. The relative ability of lipid X and IVA to stimulate these cells correlated well with their effects on other lipopolysaccharide-responsive systems. Macrophage tumor cells also had the ability to inactivate lipid X by dephosphorylating it.
E1A signaling to p53 involves the p19<sup>ARF</sup>tumor suppressor (1998)

The adenovirus E1A oncogene activates p53 through a signaling pathway involving the retinoblastoma protein and the tumor suppressor p19(ARF). The ability of E1A to induce p53 and its transcriptional targets is severely compromised in ARF-null cells, which remain resistant to apoptosis following serum depletion or adriamycin treatment. Reintroduction of p19(ARF) restores p53 accumulation and resensitizes ARF-null cells to apoptotic signals. Therefore, p19(ARF) functions as part of a p53-dependent failsafe mechanism to counter uncontrolled proliferation. Synergistic effects between the p19(ARF) and DNA damage pathways in inducing p53 may contribute to E1A's ability to enhance radio- and chemosensitivity.
The cholecystectomy sonographic pseudolesion. (1985)

A frequent right upper quadrant postcholecystectomy pseudolesion is described together with the features which distinguish it from true lesions of the region.
Point source localization from de-ramped phase history bound on interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) accuracy (2013)

The almost unique ability of azimuth deramping to preserve a smooth phase function in azimuth is exploited here to link two disparate spatial processing methods, Direction of Arrival (DOA) localization and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) and explore the achievable accuracy inherent in their common measurement scenario. Deramping in range quickly provides a rst component for point source localization. Deramping in azimuth is phase preserving and provides an approximate localization in azimuth that is more accurate over narrower apertures and can be corrected in scenarios involving range migration and for its point source, azimuth location dependence. In cross-track IFSAR two antenna measurements azimuth/elevation DOAs can be calculated from their smooth azimuth functions at each range with a 1 D parametric estimate (exponential model) of point sources. Joint frequency estimates (both antennae) provide the azimuth DOA while the phase di¤erence between antenna amplitude estimates provides the elevation DOA. The cross track antenna measurements can also be processed via the IFSAR methodology producing two SAR images and the phase di¤erence between the two (an interferogram). This provides two images coordinates and a height for each pixel. The connection between the phase history DOA localization and the IFSAR is used to attain accuracy bounds for IFSAR. Extrapolation of the bounds is provided from two spatially un-aliased antennas to IFSAR scenarios with large baseline separations of the antennas. In addition imaging from the azimuth-elevation-range localization data and its ability to minimize layover (building tops imaged closer than their bases) is explored.
Dynamic Changes of Post-Translationally Modified Forms of CXCL10 and Soluble DPP4 in HCV Subjects Receiving Interferon-Free Therapy (2015)

Serum levels of the interferon (IFN)-stimulated chemokine CXCL10 are increased during chronic HCV infection and associate with outcome of IFN-based therapy. Elevated levels of NH2-terminal truncated CXCL10 (3-77aa), produced by DPP4 cleavage, negatively associate with spontaneous clearance of acute HCV infection and sustained virological response (SVR) with IFN-based therapy for chronic infection. The association of different CXCL10 forms and DPP4 with outcome during IFN-free HCV therapy has not been examined. Using novel Simoa assays, plasma was analyzed from HCV genotype-1 (GT1) subjects who relapsed (n = 11) or achieved SVR (n = 10) after sofosbuvir and ribavirin (SOF/RBV) treatment, and from SOF/RBV relapsers who achieved SVR with a subsequent SOF/ledipasvir regimen (n = 9). While the NH2-truncated form of CXCL10 was elevated in HCV infection relative to healthy controls, pre-treatment plasma concentrations of CXCL10 forms failed to stratify subjects based on treatment outcome to IFN-free regimens. However, a trend (statistically non-significant) towards elevated higher levels of total and long CXCL10 was observed pre-treatment in subjects who relapsed. All forms of CXCL10 decreased rapidly following treatment initiation and were again elevated in subjects who experienced HCV relapse, indicating that CXCL10 production may be associated with active viral replication. While soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) and NH2-truncated CXCL10 concentrations were highly correlated, on-treatment sDPP4 levels and activity declined more slowly than CXCL10, suggesting differential regulation. These data suggest post-translationally modified forms of CXCL10 will not support the prediction of treatment outcome in HCV GT1 subjects treated with SOF/RBV.