gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-peptide reverses TGF-β1-induced changes in renal proximal tubular cells: implications for treatment of diabetic nephropathy (2008)

The crucial pathology underlying progressive chronic kidney disease in diabetes is tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Central to this process is epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of proximal tubular epithelial cells driven by maladaptive transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) signaling. Novel signaling roles for C-peptide have recently been discovered with evidence emerging that C-peptide may mitigate microvascular complications of diabetes. We studied the potential for C-peptide to interrupt injurious TGF-beta1 signaling pathways and thus block development of EMT in HK2 human kidney proximal tubular cells. Cells were incubated with TGF-beta1 either alone or with C-peptide in low or high glucose. Changes in cell morphology, TGF-beta1 receptor expression, vimentin, E-cadherin, and phosphorylated Smads were assessed. Luciferase reporters were used to assess Smad activity. The cytoskeleton was visualized by TRITC-phalloidin staining. The typical TGF-beta1-stimulated, EMT-associated morphological alterations of proximal tubular cells, including increased vimentin expression, decreased E-cadherin expression, and cytoskeletal rearrangements, were prevented by C-peptide treatment. C-peptide also blocked TGF-beta1-induced upregulation of expression of both type I and type II TGF-beta1 receptors and attenuated TGF-beta1-mediated Smad phosphorylation and Smad transcriptional activity. These effects of C-peptide were inhibited by pertussis toxin. The results demonstrate that C-peptide almost completely reversed the morphological changes in PT cells induced by TGF-beta1 and suggest a role or C-peptide as a renoprotective agent in diabetic nephropathy.
New, simplified algorithm for cross-correlation frequency resolved optical gating (2013)

Frequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) uses the ultrafast laser pulse to interrogate itself for full characterization; that is, no reference pulse is used to obtain the full intensity and phase of the input ultrafast laser pulse. Crosscorrelation FROG (X-FROG) cross-correlates a known ultrafast laser pulse with an unknown ultrafast laser pulse to characterize the unknown pulse allowing wider wavelength ranges of ultrafast laser pulses as well as more complex ultrafast laser pulses to be characterized. We present a new X-FROG algorithm, based on the principal components generalized projections (PCGP) algorithm that is fast, robust, and simple.
Near-seismic effects in ULF fields and seismo-acoustic emission: statistics and explanation (2005)

Abstract. Preseismic intensification of fracturing has been investigated from occurrence analysis of seismo-acoustic pulses (SA foreshocks) and ULF magnetic pulses (ULF foreshocks) observed in Karimshino station in addition to seismic foreshocks. Such analysis is produced for about 40 rather strong and nearby isolated earthquakes during 2 years of recording. It is found that occurrence rate of SA foreshocks increases in the interval (-12, 0 h) before main shock with 3-times exceeding of background level in the interval (-6, -3 h), and occurrence probability of SA foreshocks (pA~75%) is higher than probability of seismic foreshocks (ps~30%) in the same time interval.ULF foreshocks are masked by regular ULF activity at local morning and daytime, nevertheless we have discovered an essential ULF intensity increase in the interval (-3, +1 h) at the frequency range 0.05-0.3 Hz. Estimated occurrence probability of ULF foreshocks is about 40%. After theoretical consideration we conclude: 1) Taking into account the number rate of SA foreshocks, their amplitude and frequency range, they emit due to opening of fractures with size of L=70-200 m (M=1-2); 2) The electro-kinetic effect is the most promising mechanism of ULF foreshocks, but it is efficient only if two special conditions are fulfilled: a) origin of fractures near fluid-saturated places or liquid reservoirs (aquifers); b) appearance of open porosity or initiation of percolation instability; 3) Both SA and ULF magnetic field pulses are related to near-distant fractures (r<20-30 km); 4) Taking into account number rate and activation period of seismic, SA and ULF foreshocks, it is rather probable that opening of fractures and rupture of fluid reservoirs occur in the large preparation area with horizontal size about 100-200km.
New mono- and bi-nuclear ansa-metallocenes of zirconium and hafnium as catalysts for the polymerisation of ethene and propene (1996)

The new ansa-metallocenes [M{Me2C(η-C5H4)(η2-C9H6)}(η-C5H5)Cl][M = Zr (crystal structure) or, Hf], [M{(CH2)5C(η-C5H4)(η2-C9H6)}(η-C5H5)Cl]·0.5C6H5Me [M = Zr (crystal structure) or Hf], [Zr{Me2C(η-C5H4)(η3-C13H8)}(η-C5H5)Cl](crystal structure), [M{Me2C(η-C5H4)2}(η-C5H5)Cl][M = Zr or Hf (crystal structures)], [X2(η-C5H5)M{C5H4(CMe2)C9H6)}M*(η-C5H5)X 2}](X = Cl, M, M*= Zr, Zr; Hf, Hf; Zr, Hf; or Hf, Zr; X = Me, M, M*= Zr, Zr; Zr, Hf; Hf, Zr; or Hf, Hf), [Cl2(η-C5H5)Zr{C5H4(CMe 2)C9H6}Zr(η-C5Me5)Cl2], [{M(C5H4CMe2C9H7)}(η-C5H5)Cl2](M = Zr or Hf) and [Zr{C5H4CMe2(C9H7}(η-C 5H5)Me2] have been prepared and characterised. The activity of the metallocenes as cocatalysts for the polymerisation of ethene and propene has been evaluated.
Reducing Reservoir Prediction Uncertainty Using Seismic History Matching (2006)

Abstract We have developed a method where the spatial and dynamic information offered by Time-Lapse (4D) seismic has been used in history matching of reservoir simulations. Improved predictions of both recovery and areal sweep are then obtained by reducing uncertainty. Flow simulations are converted to predictions of seismic impedance attributes using a petro-elastic transform and suitable re-scaling. The resulting misfit between the model and observed data is combined with an equivalent measure for well data and these are used to constrain simulations by iteratively updating the model. Updated model probabilities can then be used to analyse uncertainty. The method has been applied to a UKCS reservoir. Previously we described our success in obtaining a good match to both seismic and production data in the field. From the updated probability distribution of the parameters, we now take the best models from the history matching process and make predictions to determine the most likely outcomes. We have found that the Time-lapse data reduces uncertainty in predictions of the areal sweep and the pressure distribution. The seismic response is strongest at the injector wells but also helps in the inter-well regions. Conventional history matching often struggles to constrain parameters in these regions due to the inherent non-uniqueness of the problem. The uncertainty of permeability and fault transmissibility multipliers was also determined in those areas.
High Yield, Reproducible and Quasi‐Automated Bilayer Formation in a Microfluidic Format (2012)

A microfluidic platform is reported for various experimentation schemes on cell membrane models and membrane proteins using a combination of electrical and optical measurements, including confocal microscopy. Bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) are prepared in the device upon spontaneous and instantaneous thinning of the lipid solution in a 100-μm dry-etched aperture in a 12.5-μm thick Teflon foil. Using this quasi-automated approach, a remarkable 100% membrane formation yield is reached (including reflushing in 4% of the cases), and BLMs are stable for up to 36 h. Furthermore, the potential of this platform is demonstrated for (i) the in-depth characterization of BLMs comprising both synthetic and natural lipids (1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC) and L-α-phosphatidylcholine (L-α-PC)/cholesterol, respectively) in terms of seal resistance, capacitance, surface area, specific capacitance, and membrane hydrophobic thickness; (ii) confocal microscopy imaging of phase separation in sphingomyelin/L-α-PC/cholesterol ternary membranes; (iii) electrical measurements of individual nanopores (α-hemolysin, gramicidin); and (iv) indirect assessment of the alteration of membrane properties upon exposure to chemical stimuli using the natural nanopore gramicidin as a sensor.
Electron-Beam Fabrication of Ion Implanted High-Performance FET Circuits (1973)

This paper describes the design, fabrication and test results of a high-performance IGFET circuit made by combining electron-beam technology for all masking steps and ion implantation for the diffusion steps. The circuit consists of an eleven stage ring oscillator with two FET devices per stage. The enhancement mode device is the switching element and the depletion mode is used as load. The aluminum gate length of the devices is 1 μ and the width is 5 μ. The aluminum metallization, defined with electron-beam exposure of PMMA resist, also serves as a self-aligning mask for the ion implantation of source and drain in the gate region. The average delay per stage was determined by measuring the periodicity of the circuit oscillation and dividing by 22. Test results on several circuits indicate that the average delay per stage is approximately 295 psec.
Q. Asconii Pediani Commentarii. Recognovit A. C. Clark. (Oxford text). (1909)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Quantitative Research on Therapeutic Touch (1997)

Quantitative research on Therapeutic Touch (TT), published in referred nursing journals from 1985 to 1995, is reviewed. Therapeutic Touch is defined by Dolores Krieger, the founder of this nursing intervention. The authors of this Integrative Review examine what is known and not known to date in order to facilitate appropriate application of this modality in practice, and to offer recommendations for future research. Critical characteristics of eleven quantitative studies are identified and analyzed. These characteristics include: author/year/journal/title; study purpose (hypotheses); background/literature review/conceptual citations; sample selection method; study design/random assignment; independent variable/length of treatment/control and confounders; dependent variables/measurements; outcomes; study limitations; and implications for future research. After reviewing the studies, it is concluded that there is evidence to support the practice of Therapeutic Touch for the reduction of pain or anxiety. There is clearly a lack of congruity between the research statement, conceptual framework, operational definition of TT and the findings. This incongruity is discussed and incorporated in the recommendations for future research including outcome, theory-generating and theory-testing research.
Computer Programs to Support Clinical Decision Making (1987)

To the Editor.— In his excellent review of the current progress in computerized medical expert systems, Dr shortliffe 1 neglects an important human factor issue: familiarity. No matter how sophisticated, tools can only become useful when we learn their strengths and weaknesses and discover how they work in a number of different situations. For this reason, a program such as DXplain 2 may never find wide acceptance. Because it is intended to help the physician only with particularly difficult diagnoses, it is unlikely that he or she will ever gain enough experience to be able to use it with confidence. Although desirable, the ability of the program to review its reasoning may not necessarily substitute for experience gained with the program under a variety of circumstances. It is unfortunate that, in his editorial in the same issue of JAMA , Mr Harris 3 chose to reinforce the fear that physicians may
Synchronous Frequency Encoding Technique For B-LSDN Circuit Emulation (1990)

A new synchronization method called Synchronous Frequency Encoding Technique (SFET) is introduced. SFET can be used to recover the source clock frequency when an isochronous service is emulated on an ATM network. By taking advantage of the synchronization of the network, SFET recovers the source clock frequency almost instantaneously. Simulation shows that the recovered clock is independent of the network cell jitter and has jitter performance comparable to that of the present network.
Wavelet-based very low bit-rate video coding using image warping and overlapped block motion compensation (2001)

The authors present an algorithm for very low bit-rate video coding that combines new ideas in motion estimation, wavelet filter design, and wavelet-based coding techniques. A new motion compensation technique using image warping and overlapped block motion compensation is proposed to reduce temporal redundancies in a given image sequence. This combined motion model has the advantage of representing more complex motion than simple block matching schemes. To further improve the quality of the temporal prediction, an adaptive grid with variable density according to the varying motion activity of a given scene is generated. An adaptively switched high-quality texture interpolation is employed to cope with the problem of fractional displacements in such a way that both objective and subjective reconstruction quality is improved. Spatial decorrelation of the motion compensated residual images is performed using an one-parametric family of biorthogonal infinite impulse response (IIR) wavelet filters coupled with the highly efficient pre-coding scheme of ‘partitioning, aggregation and conditional coding’ (PACC). Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in objective quality of 1.0–2.3 dB PSNR in comparison to the H.263+ test model TMN10 using advanced coding options. In addition, the authors' intracoding method provides a performance gain of 0.5 dB PSNR on the average for a test suite of various still images when compared to the emerging still image coding standard JPEG-2000.
Bacteriocin diversity and the frequency of multiple bacteriocin production in Escherichia coli (2006)

A collection of 266 faecal isolates of Escherichia coli from humans was assayed for the production of mitomycin C-inducible bacteriocins and screened using a PCR-based method for the presence of eleven colicins and seven microcins. Eight different colicins were detected and all seven microcins. Of the strains examined, 38 % produced a bacteriocin, 24 % produced a colicin and 20 % produced a microcin. Of the 102 bacteriocin-producing strains, 42 % produced one type of bacteriocin, 41 % produced two, 16 % produced three and one strain was found to produce four different bacteriocins. Strains producing more than one bacteriocin were more likely to be members of E. coli genetic group B2 and less likely to belong to genetic groups A or D. Several of the bacteriocins were found to co-occur in a strain more often than would be expected by chance: microcins H47 and M; colicin Ia and microcin V; colicins B and M; colicins E1 and M; colicins E1 and Ia. No bacteriocins released as a consequence of cell lysis were found to co-associate more often than expected by chance. Three non-mutually exclusive hypotheses are presented that might explain the high frequency of multiple bacteriocin production in E. coli strains: (1) expanded killing range, (2) expanded receptor repertoire and (3) fitness benefits in different environments.
Nanorings and nanocrescents formed via shaped nanosphere lithography: a route toward large areas of infrared metamaterials (2013)

This paper presents a new approach to nanosphere lithography, which overcomes undesirable manufacturing issues such as complex tilted-rotary evaporation and ion beam milling. A key innovation in this process is the use of non-conductive edge strips placed on top of the samples prior to metal removal. Such elements help to direct the flow of reactive ions during plasma etching and produce well-ordered arrays of metallic nanorings and nanocrescents over large areas of ∼1 cm(2). The obtained highly uniform nanocrescent array exhibits an electric resonance of 1.7 μm and a magnetic resonance of 3 μm. The absorption resonances of the fabricated nanorings depend on their diameters and shift toward shorter wavelengths (λ = 1.7 μm for do = 308 nm) as compared to larger rings (λ = 2.2 μm do = 351 nm). FDTD-based simulations match well with the experimental results. This 'shaped nanosphere lithography' approach creates opportunities to generate nanorings and nanocrescents that promise potential applications in chemical and biological sensing, for surface enhanced spectroscopy and in the field of infrared metamaterials.
Stages in the development of an arrested scan type microscopic particle counter (1954)

The most detailed analysis of the particles of dust deposited on a plane surface is possible when the surface considered is examined point by point by a spot scanning system. Techniques are described using line-to-line memory systems which provide a single impulse for each particle in each field of scan. These impulses can be used to arrest the normal scanning motion of the spot, which can then explore each particle in turn as it is discovered. The mode of exploration chosen can be designed to exhibit the features of the particles which are of interest. Some simple modes are described.
Filtered vacuum arc deposition of semiconductor thin films (1995)

The cathode spot vacuum arc produces a jet of highly ionized plasma plus a spray of liquid droplets, both consisting of cathode material. The droplets are filtered from the plasma by passing the plasma through a curved, magnetized duct. A radial magnetic field may be applied to the face of the cathode to rotate and distribute the cathode spots in order to obtain even erosion and avoid local overheating. The choice of axial magnetic field strength in the vicinity of the cathode is a compromise between a relatively high field desired to collimate a large fraction of the plasma flux, and the need to collect a substantial fraction of the plasma at the anode in order to reduce arc voltage and insure arc stability. The transmission of the filter duct increases with magnetic field strength until a saturation value is reached. Entrainment of the droplets in the plasma jet can decrease the effectiveness of the filter at high plasma flux. Semiconducting thin films of amorphous silicon were prepared using cathodes of heavily B-doped Si. Arcs of 35-A current produced a deposition rate of 10 /spl Aring//s. The electrical conductivity of the films was similar to conventional a-Si:H films deposited by conventional Silane based PACVD at high temperatures, but had a higher room-temperature conductivity. Transparent conducting films of Sn-O were deposited at rates of up to 100 /spl Aring//s using 160-A arcs on a Sn cathode while injecting O/sub 2/ gas in the vicinity of the substrate. Adjustment of the O content is critical for optimizing conductivity, and complicated by pumping effects of the arc. Optimal conductivity was achieved at an oxygen pressure of 6 mtorr. Conductivities equal to the best reported to date were achieved by subjecting the room-temperature deposited films to a 30-s rapid thermal annealing at 350/spl deg/C. Both the deposited and annealed films are amorphous. The deposition rates achieved by the filtered vacuum arc technique for these semiconductor films are an order of magnitude greater than achieved with conventional methods, while the conductivities are equivalent or better.
A heterogeneous RSSI-based localization system for indoor and outdoor sports activities (2014)

Localization and tracking of players is crucial for monitoring both indoor and outdoor sports activities. The effects of the environment pose a major challenge for an accurate position estimation. In this paper, we present a novel solution based on the received signal strength indication (RSSI) feature provided by off-the-shelf wireless networks. Trilateration is used for estimating the position of targets with a RSSI to distance mapping function based on the path-loss shadowing propagation model. Key to our system is the real-time collection of RSSI measurements for which we designed and implemented a new, channel-hopping, TDMA-based protocol, which coordinates frame transmissions among nodes. A further innovative aspect of our solution is that the nodes are heterogeneous, using Waspmote and IRIS nodes as well as XBee modules. The latter enables a signicant boost in the transmit power, which in turn improves the resolution of the RSSI to distance estimates. Additionally, we address the challenges of fast deployment and testing by using a semi-automatic calibration mechanism for adjusting the distances estimated from RSSI measurements. Our experiments, conducted both indoors and outdoors, show that sub-meter accuracy can be achieved by combing a high transmit power, multiple channels, together with multiple antennas.
An Efficient and Mild Direct Oxidative Methyl Esterification of Aromatic Aldehydes Using NaBr and Diacetoxyiodobenzene (2005)

Diacetoxyiodobenzene combined with NaBr was found to be an efficient, mild and practical reagent for the oxidative methyl esterification of aldehydes.
An adaptive controller for minimization of torque ripple in PM synchronous motors (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of torque ripple minimization in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), and proposes an adaptive feedback structure as a solution. A model of a PMSM that includes torque ripple phenomenon is first developed and tested. While being slightly different from the conventional one our model is still compact and suitable for control. All parameters of the model have physical interpretation, and can either be measured directly, or estimated in a numerically reliable procedure. An adaptive control algorithm is then described, enabling speed tracking while minimizing the torque ripple. The algorithm is verified in simulations and implemented in a hardware setup for a PMSM drive. Experimental results show significant reduction of torque ripple.
Implication of<i>S</i>-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase in Inhibition of TNF-α- and IL-1β-Induced Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by AICAR in RPE Cells (2008)

Regardless of the ability of AICAR to activate AMPK, the inhibitory effects of AICAR on cytokine production and ICAM-1 expression were not associated with AMPK. The mechanism of AICAR inhibition may be attributed to the interference of adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation.
Visualization of Convolutional Neural Networks for Monocular Depth Estimation (2019)

Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great success on the task of monocular depth estimation. A fundamental yet unanswered question is: how CNNs can infer depth from a single image. Toward answering this question, we consider visualization of inference of a CNN by identifying relevant pixels of an input image to depth estimation. We formulate it as an optimization problem of identifying the smallest number of image pixels from which the CNN can estimate a depth map with the minimum difference from the estimate from the entire image. To cope with a difficulty with optimization through a deep CNN, we propose to use another network to predict those relevant image pixels in a forward computation. In our experiments, we first show the effectiveness of this approach, and then apply it to different depth estimation networks on indoor and outdoor scene datasets. The results provide several findings that help exploration of the above question.