gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ParaBIT-1: 60-Gb/s-throughput parallel optical interconnect module (2002)

We previously proposed ParaBIT (parallel inter-board optical interconnection technology), and developed a prototype front-end module, called ParaBIT-0, with a total throughput of 28 Gb/s (700 Mb/s/spl times/40 ch). Aiming at higher throughput, lower cost, and further miniaturization, we are now developing a version, called ParaBIT-1, which is designed to achieve a total throughput of 60 Gb/s (1.25 Gbit/s/spl times/480-ch). To achieve a compact and high-throughput module, we developed a new compact high-density packaging structure and cost-effective optical coupling system for ParaBIT-1. This packaging structure enabled us to reduce the volume of ParaBIT-1 to 9 cc, which is about one-third that of ParaBIT-0 (25 cc). The optical coupling system consists of a new structure 24-fiber BF (bare fiber) connector whose main parts are made of molded plastic and a 24-channel optical coupling component using new polymeric optical waveguide film. The optical coupling component is composed of a 24-ch waveguide film with 45/spl deg/ mirrors and the 24-fiber BF connector interface, and can be assembled by passive alignment. The film has high thermal stability to allow soldering reflow processes, and is fabricated by direct photo-patterning. ParaBIT-1 met the design target of 1.25 Gb/s per channel.
A Platform for False Data Injection in Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar (2021)

Radar is an acronym for RAdio Detection And Ranging. In general terms, it is a machine that uses radio waves for object-detection in its near periphery. It transmits radio waves in a known direction, which when intercepted by an obstruction/object are reflected by its surface and are received back at the radar system. The round trip delay time along with the known velocity of radio waves gives an accurate measurement of the distance of the object from the radar system. In a somewhat similar fashion, some radars are even capable of measuring the velocity of this object. Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar is one such radar system, which is a subclass of continuous wave (CW) radars, where a continuous sinusoidal radio energy is transmitted, reflected, and received back at the radar system. These radar systems are widely used in vehicle automation technologies such as adaptive cruise control (ACC) and collision avoidance systems (CAS) to measure the distance from the nearest vehicles and maintain a safe following distance. But in designing these systems, little attention has been given to security, and these systems have vulnerabilities that are capable of compromising the whole purpose of making such systems. In this work one such vulnerability in FMCW radar was exploited to design an attack that was capable of decreasing the apparent distance, as measured by a radar system. The attack was designed in such a way that there was no tampering with the radar system being attacked. Instead, false distance information was introduced in the return path of the transmitted radio wave by absorbing the original victim transmission and sending out a modified radio wave on the It was shown that the distance could be decreased to alarming values, which at the level of the vehicle automation system results in decreasing the speed of the automobile when actually it should have increased.
Synergistic action of interleukin-6 and glucocorticoids is mediated by the interleukin-6 response element of the rat alpha 2 macroglobulin gene. (1992)

One class of genes coding for the acute-phase proteins (acute-phase genes) is induced by interleukin 6 (IL-6) through the human transcription factor NF-IL-6 and its rat homolog IL-6-DBP/LAP. A second class, represented by the rat alpha 2 macroglobulin gene, utilizes a different IL-6 response element (IL-6-RE) and different DNA-binding proteins interacting with this element, the so-called IL-6-RE binding proteins (IL-6 RE-BPs). Human Hep3B and HepG2 hepatoma, U266 myeloma, and CESS lymphoblastoid cells contain IL-6 RE-BPs that form complexes, with the IL-6-RE, with gel mobilities indistinguishable from those of the corresponding complexes of rat liver cells. The ability to form these complexes was induced by IL-6 in human hepatoma cells with a maximum reached after 4 h and required ongoing protein synthesis. Multiple copies of an 18-bp element containing the IL-6-RE core were sufficient to confer both induction by IL-6 and a synergistic induction by IL-6 plus glucocorticoids to minimal promoters. The synergism was blocked by the receptor antagonist RU486 and thus was dependent on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, the 18-bp element contained no consensus GR-binding site, and recombinant GR did not bind at this sequence. Therefore, the synergism was probably achieved by an indirect effect of a glucocorticoid-activated intermediate gene on the IL-6 RE-BPs. The rat IL-6 RE-BP had a molecular weight of 102 +/- 10 kDa and was thus distinct from NF-IL-6 and IL-6-DBP/LAP. Therefore, IL-6 must activate two different classes of liver acute-phase genes through at least two different nuclear DNA-binding proteins: NF-IL-6/IL-6-DBP/LAP and the IL-6 RE-BP.
Resistance and Cross-Resistance of Cultured Leukemia P388 Cells to Vincristine, Adriamycin, Adriamycin Analogs, and Actinomycin D<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1978)

Cultured P388 cells derived from leukemia P388 passaged in vivo in (C57BL × DBA/2)F1 mice were approximately one-tenth Iess sensitive to N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD32) and cinerubin A, inasmuch as the concentrations of these agents had to be increased tenfold to produce a reduction in cell viability of the same order of magnitude as that produced by adriamycin, daunomycin, or actinomycin D. Cultured P388 cells derived from resistant cells populations developed in vivo retained their resistance to vincristine. These resistant cells exhibited cross-resistance to actinomycin D, adriamycin, daunomycin, and AD32, but cross-resistance to cinerubin A could not be detected. Data also showed that the vincristine-resistant cells were more sensitive to AD32 (2.8×10-6) than to adrlamycln (3.4×10-6M) during a 6-hour exposure of cells to agents.
Hormone and Drug-Mediated Modulation of Glucose Metabolism in a Microscale Model of the Human Liver (2014)

Due to its central role in glucose homeostasis, the liver is an important target for drug development efforts for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Significant differences across species in liver metabolism necessitate supplementation of animal data with assays designed to assess human-relevant responses. However, isolated primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) display a rapid decline in phenotypic functions in conventional monolayer formats. Cocultivation of PHHs with specific stromal cells, especially in micropatterned configurations, can stabilize some liver functions for ~4 weeks in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether coculture approaches can stabilize glucose metabolism that can be modulated with hormones in PHHs. Thus, in this study, we compared commonly employed conventional culture formats and previously developed micropatterned cocultures (MPCCs) of cryopreserved PHHs and stromal fibroblasts for mRNA expression of key glucose metabolism genes (i.e., phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 [PCK1]) and sensitivity of gluconeogenesis to prototypical hormones, insulin and glucagon. We found that only MPCCs displayed high expression of all transcripts tested for at least 2 weeks and robust gluconeogenesis with responsiveness to hormones for at least 3 weeks in vitro. Furthermore, MPCCs displayed glycogen storage and lysis, which could be modulated with hormones under the appropriate feeding and fasting states, respectively. Finally, we utilized MPCCs in proof-of-concept experiments where we tested gluconeogenesis inhibitors and evaluated the effects of stimulation with high levels of glucose as in T2DM. Gluconeogenesis in MPCCs was decreased after stimulation with drugs (i.e., metformin) and the PHHs accumulated significant amount of lipids following incubation with excess glucose (i.e., 340% in 50 mM glucose relative to physiologic 5 mM glucose controls). In conclusion, MPCCs provide a platform to study glucose metabolism and hormonal responsiveness in cryopreserved PHHs from multiple donors for several weeks in vitro. This model is also useful to study the effects of drugs and overnutrition for applications in T2DM.
Improvements to LISP Mobile Node (2010)

The Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) is a new routing architecture for the Internet that separates local and global routing. It offers more flexibility to edge networks and has the potential to reduce the growths of the BGP routing tables. Recently, a concept for mobility in LISP (LISP Mobile Node, LISP-MN) was presented. We analyze LISP-MN and show that it needs double mapping lookups in all LISP gateways, leads to triangle routing under some conditions, and requires double encapsulation. We propose gradual improvements to LISP-MN that avoid these drawbacks under many conditions.
Cellular adherence elicits ligand-independent activation of the Met cell-surface receptor. (1996)

Cell adhesion has a fundamental role in the proliferation and motility of normal cells and the metastasis of tumor cells. To identify signaling pathways activated by the adherence of tumor cells, we analyzed the tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in mouse melanoma cells before and after attachment to substrata. We discovered that cellular adherence activated the protein-tyrosine kinase of the cell surface receptor Met, whose ligand is hepatocyte growth factor and scatter factor. The activation was exceedingly prompt, affected the great majority of Met in the cells, persisted so long as the cells remained adherent, and was rapidly reversed as soon as the cells were detached from substrata. Activation of Met required that cells be adherent but not that they spread on the substratum, and it occurred in the absence of any apparent ligand for the receptor. Ligand-independent activation of Met occurred in several varieties of tumor cells but not in normal endothelial cells that express the receptor. The activation of Met described here may represent a means by which cells respond to mechanical as opposed to biochemical stimuli.
An Approach To Extract Rate Constants from Reaction−Diffusion Dynamics in a Microchannel (2005)

A theoretical model is proposed to extract rate constants of second-order chemical reactions down to the millisecond time scale from the observation of reaction-diffusion processes in a microchannel. We validate this theoretical approach by examining an appropriate model reaction. The measured rate constant is in excellent agreement with this obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance experiments.
Molecular identification of human G-substrate, a possible downstream component of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase cascade in cerebellar Purkinje cells (1999)

G-substrate, an endogenous substrate for cGMP-dependent protein kinase, exists almost exclusively in cerebellar Purkinje cells, where it is possibly involved in the induction of long-term depression. A G-substrate cDNA was identified by screening expressed sequence tag databases from a human brain library. The deduced amino acid sequence of human G-substrate contained two putative phosphorylation sites (Thr-68 and Thr-119) with amino acid sequences [KPRRKDT(p)PALH] that were identical to those reported for rabbit G-substrate. G-substrate mRNA was expressed almost exclusively in the cerebellum as a single transcript. The human G-substrate gene was mapped to human chromosome 7p15 by radiation hybrid panel analysis. In vitro translation products of the cDNA showed an apparent molecular mass of 24 kDa on SDS/PAGE which was close to that of purified rabbit G-substrate (23 kDa). Bacterially expressed human G-substrate is a heat-stable and acid-soluble protein that cross-reacts with antibodies raised against rabbit G-substrate. Recombinant human G-substrate was phosphorylated efficiently by cGMP-dependent protein kinase exclusively at Thr residues, and it was recognized by antibodies specific for rabbit phospho-G-substrate. The amino acid sequences surrounding the sites of phosphorylation in G-substrate are related to those around Thr-34 and Thr-35 of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein DARPP-32 and inhibitor-1, respectively, two potent inhibitors of protein phosphatase 1. However, purified G-substrate phosphorylated by cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibited protein phosphatase 2A more effectively than protein phosphatase 1, suggesting a distinct role as a protein phosphatase inhibitor.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly: Association of Mortality With Lack of Fever and Leukocytosis (1997)

Elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia may not have a systemic inflammatory response characterized by fever and leukocytosis. We compared lack of fever and leukocytosis with mortality in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Patients with fever and leukocytosis (group A, 47 patients) were compared with those without fever and leukocytosis (group B, 17 patients). Comparison of the two groups by unpaired, two-tailed t test showed that lack of fever and leukocytosis correlated with mortality. Hospitalized elderly patients who have community-acquired pneumonia without fever and leukocytosis are seven times more likely to die than those who have these symptoms. Future research in the adjunct use of immune modulators such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in these patients should be encouraged.
An Overview of Gas Exchange (1987)

The sections in this article are: 1 Gas-Exchange System: A Series of Conductances 2 Physiological Components of Conductance 2.1 Inspired Gas to Alveolar Gas 2.2 Alveolar Gas to Pulmonary Capillary Blood 2.3 Pulmonary Capillary Blood to Tissue Capillary Blood 2.4 Tissue Capillary Blood to Tissue
IFNα/β promotes cell survival by activating NF-κB (2000)

IFNs play critical roles in host defense by modulating the expression of various genes via signal transducer and activator of transcription factors. We show that IFNalpha/beta activates another important transcription factor, NF-kappaB. DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB was induced by multiple type 1 IFNs and was promoted by IFN in a diverse group of human, monkey, rat, and murine cells. Human IFN promoted NF-kappaB activation in murine cells that express the human IFNalpha/beta receptor-1 signal-transducing chain of the type 1 IFN receptor. IFN promotes inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IkappaBalpha) serine phosphorylation and degradation, and stimulates NF-kappaB DNA-binding and transcriptional activity. Importantly, IFN promotes cell survival by protecting cells against a variety of proapoptotic stimuli, such as virus infection and antibody-mediated crosslinking. Expression of superrepressor forms of IkappaBalpha, besides inhibiting IFN-mediated NF-kappaB activation and IkappaBalpha degradation, also enhanced apoptotic cell death in IFN-treated cells. We conclude that NF-kappaB activation by IFNalpha/beta is integrated into a signaling pathway through the IFNalpha/beta receptor-1 chain of the type 1 IFN receptor that promotes cell survival in apposition to various apoptotic stimuli.
Creeping walls, softening fruit, and penetrating pollen tubes: The growing roles of expansins (1997)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The Bioengineer – a cost-effective influence in urodynamics (1985)

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research: September 1985 - Volume 8 - Issue 3 - p 35
A Transfer Learning Approach for Microstructure Reconstruction and Structure-property Predictions (2018)

Stochastic microstructure reconstruction has become an indispensable part of computational materials science, but ongoing developments are specific to particular material systems. In this paper, we address this generality problem by presenting a transfer learning-based approach for microstructure reconstruction and structure-property predictions that is applicable to a wide range of material systems. The proposed approach incorporates an encoder-decoder process and feature-matching optimization using a deep convolutional network. For microstructure reconstruction, model pruning is implemented in order to study the correlation between the microstructural features and hierarchical layers within the deep convolutional network. Knowledge obtained in model pruning is then leveraged in the development of a structure-property predictive model to determine the network architecture and initialization conditions. The generality of the approach is demonstrated numerically for a wide range of material microstructures with geometrical characteristics of varying complexity. Unlike previous approaches that only apply to specific material systems or require a significant amount of prior knowledge in model selection and hyper-parameter tuning, the present approach provides an off-the-shelf solution to handle complex microstructures, and has the potential of expediting the discovery of new materials.
Energy balance and efficiency of the pulsed plasma thruster (1998)

The overall, thruster, and accelerator efficiencies of the pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) are defined in terms of the product of power processing unit, transfer, sheath, heat loss and frozen flow efficiencies. The exhaust kinetic energy of the PPT is evaluated by the introduction of a Maxwellian distribution for the flow velocity, corresponding to available specific impulse, velocity and ionization data from the LES-6 thruster. The Maxwellian is proposed as appropriate for a PPT exhaust in which a Saha-type ionization process is driven by an electron temperature small compared to the ionization potentials, and where the bulk of the low velocity particles is weakly accelerated to very small velocities compared to the average. The transfer, sheath, heat loss and frozen flow efficiencies are estimated using available data for the LES6 PPT, permitting energy estimates for each stage in the acceleration process. One of the predictions is that the ions, constituting 10% of the mass, carry nearly 50% of the kinetic energy and about 25% of the impulse bit. An estimate is made of the maximum possible efficiency for rectangular and coaxial PPT's.
Distribution and phenotype of dendritic cells and resident tissue macrophages in the dura mater, leptomeninges, and choroid plexus of the rat brain as demonstrated in wholemount preparations (1999)

Dendritic cells (DC) are regarded as the 'sentinels' of the immune system. They play a crucial role in surveillance of peripheral tissues, trapping antigens encountered there, and migrating via the lymphatics to lymphoid organs where they interact with naive T cells thus generating antigen-specific primary immune responses. Until now it has been assumed DC are largely absent from the brain, meninges, and the choroid plexus within the ventricles. Such a situation was thought to partly explain the 'immune privileged' nature of the central nervous system (CNS). The present study of normal rat tissues using single and double immunohistochemistry reveals for the first time that extensive networks of major histocompatability (MHC) class II+/OX62+ DC are widely distributed in sites which may potentially encounter CNS antigens. These sites included the dura mater, leptomeninges, and the choroid plexus. These putative DC were negative when stained with the anti-resident tissue macrophage monoclonal antibody ED2. In addition to the rich networks of DC, dense populations of resident tissue macrophages (ED2+ and ED1+) were also demonstrated in the dura mater, leptomeninges and to a lesser extent in the choroid plexus. The presence of rich networks of DC and macrophages in the vascular and supporting tissues of the brain may play an important role in inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders affecting the CNS, including auto-immune demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Quantitative western immunoblotting analysis in survey of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients (1989)

Identifying criteria for the early prediction of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients have become necessary in order to widen the indications for antiviral treatment by azidothymidine and to increase its efficiency. With this aim in mind, we studied a cohort of seropositive homosexual men in the southwest region of France (Midi-Pyrénées). Of all the factors analyzed, the decline in p24 antibodies, assayed by second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was found to be the most reliable. On the basis of the work of Blomberg and Schmidt, we developed a quantitative approach to Western blotting (immunoblotting) for use in the follow-up of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Our technique of quantitative Western blotting is unique because it uses a densitometric reading which, through a computerized system, gives a curve allowing the exact quantification of each stained Western blotting band. The results are expressed as integrals. This technique confirms the decrease in p24 and p17 antibodies as the criterion giving the earliest prediction of the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Two-layer integrated optical tapped delay line for RF spectrum analysis (2012)

We present the design and characterization of tapped delay line filters fabricated in two-level photonic integrated circuits. Phase error correction techniques are evaluated to enable spectrum analysis of a 4GHz band with 300MHz resolution.
Analysis and Optimization of Turbulent Mixing With Large Eddy Simulation (2006)

In this work, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has been carried out to analyze the turbulent mixing processes in an impinging jet configuration. To characterize and quantify turbulent mixing processes, in terms of scalar structures and degree of mixing, three parameters have been basically introduced. They are “mixedness parameter”, which represents the probability of mixed fluids in computational domain, the Spatial Mixing Deficiency (SMD) and the Temporal Mixing Deficiency (TMD) parameters for characterizing the mixing at different scalar scale degrees. With help of these parameters, a general mixing optimization procedure has then been suggested and achieved in an impinging jet configuration. An optimal jet angle was estimated and the overall mixing degree with this jet angle reached around six times more than the original design. It turns out that the proposed idea and methodology can be helpful for practical engineering design processes.