gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of total cholesterol, glucose and blood urea nitrogen on embryo quality in post‐partum superovulated suckling Japanese Black cattle (2008)

<b>Aim: </b> This study was conducted to examine the effect of blood metabolites on embryo quality in post-partum suckling Japanese Black cattle. <b>Methods: </b> Blood samples were taken from 23 cows 30 days before, at and 30 days after parturition. Cows were synchronized 40 or 41 days after calving (day 0) and divided into three groups: control (<i>n</i> = 6), gonadotropin-releasing hormone ([GnRH]<i>n</i> = 10) and estradiol benzoate ([EB]<i>n</i> = 7). All groups received a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device intravaginally together with 2 mg EB i.m. on day 0 and superovulation was induced in all groups from days 5-7 with a gradually decreasing dose of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Two milligrams of EB was given on day 8 and GnRH (0.1 mg) was given on day 9 of insertion of the CIDR in the EB and GnRH groups. Cows were inseminated twice after the onset of estrus and embryos were recovered 7-8 days after artificial insemination. <b>Results: </b> The number of corpus luteum detected by ultrasonography in the EB group was significantly higher (<i>P <</i> 0.05) than that in the GnRH group. The number and rate of transferable and freezable embryos did not differ significantly among the groups. Regardless of the treatments, the total cholesterol level from parturition until 30 days after parturition was significantly higher (<i>P <</i> 0.01) in the good category than in the poor category of cows. <b>Conclusions: </b> The number of transferable embryos produced by post-partum superovulated suckling Japanese Black cattle was affected by the level of total cholesterol from parturition until 30 days after parturition. Moreover, administration of EB in CIDR-treated cows increased the numbers of corpus luteum and yielded better rates of transferable and freezable embryos. (Reprod Med Biol 2008; <b>7</b>: 55-62).
The Protection of Property Rights through Compensation- Observations from Taiwan (2009)

Abstract. Literature suggests three compensation principles for property expropriation – full, lump sum and market value. While it is difficult to judge which principle is superior, there is no doubt that everyone should be treated equally. Owners of property in Taiwan are required through valuation practices rather than by legislation to give up part of their property value in the public interest. Compensation to the expropriated property owners is collectively paid by the citizens, usually through taxation, and all property owners are equally liable to lose property. The trade-off between tax burden and excessive sacrifice finds a balance at market value. Taiwan applies the same valuation methodology to both property taxation assessment and expropriation compensation. The tax-based value has proved to be significantly below the market value. However, the gap between the assessed and market value is narrowed by a deliberate increase in the announced current land value shortly before expropriation. This article presents a comparison of market value and compensation amount for a set of sample properties in Taiwan on the assumption that they were to be expropriated. Its main finding is that the gap between the two is not uniform among properties. That is to say, under the present ad hoc valuation rule, some properties tend to be over-compensated while some others are under-compensated relative to market value. The empirical analysis has uncovered two valuation issues related to compensation in Taiwan that warrant further investigation: (i) whether the ad hoc valuation rules plus the flexible additional compensation satisfactorily reflect the market value; and (ii) whether the difference between market value and the amount of compensation determined remains uniform among properties.
O<sub>2</sub> Activation by Non-Heme Diiron Proteins:  Identification of a Symmetric μ-1,2-Peroxide in a Mutant of Ribonucleotide Reductase (1998)

Non-heme diiron clusters occur in a number of enzymes (e.g., ribonucleotide reductase, methane monooxygenase, and Delta9-stearoyl-ACP desaturase) that activate O2 for chemically difficult oxidation reactions. In each case, a kinetically labile peroxo intermediate is believed to form when O2 reacts with the diferrous enzyme, followed by O-O bond cleavage and the formation of high-valent iron intermediates [formally Fe(IV)] that are thought to be the reactive oxidants. Greater kinetic stability of a peroxodiiron(III) intermediate in protein R2 of ribonucleotide reductase was achieved by the iron-ligand mutation Asp84 --> Glu and the surface mutation Trp48 --> Phe. Here, we present the first definitive evidence for a bridging, symmetrical peroxo adduct from vibrational spectroscopic studies of the freeze-trapped intermediate of this mutant R2. Isotope-sensitive bands are observed at 870, 499, and 458 cm-1 that are assigned to the intraligand peroxo stretching frequency and the asymmetric and symmetric Fe-O2-Fe stretching frequencies, respectively. Similar results have been obtained in the resonance Raman spectroscopic study of a peroxodiferric species of Delta9-stearoyl-ACP desaturase [Broadwater, J. A., Ai, J., Loehr, T. M., Sanders-Loehr, J., and Fox, B. G. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 14664-14671]. Similarities among these adducts and transient species detected during O2 activation by methane monooxygenase hydroxylase, ferritin, and wild-type protein R2 suggest the symmetrical peroxo adduct as a common intermediate in the diverse oxidation reactions mediated by members of this class.
Comparison of gene expression of 2-mo denervated, 2-mo stimulated-denervated, and control rat skeletal muscles (2005)

Loss of innervation in skeletal muscles leads to degeneration, atrophy, and loss of force. These dramatic changes are reflected in modifications of the mRNA expression of a large number of genes. Our goal was to clarify the broad spectrum of molecular events associated with long-term denervation of skeletal muscles. A microarray study compared gene expression profiles of 2-mo denervated and control extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from 6-mo-old rats. The study identified 121 genes with increased and 7 genes with decreased mRNA expression. The expression of 107 of these genes had not been identified previously as changed after denervation. Many of the genes identified were genes that are highly expressed in skeletal muscles during embryonic development, downregulated in adults, and upregulated after denervation of muscle fibers. Electrical stimulation of denervated muscles preserved muscle mass and maximal force at levels similar to those in the control muscles. To understand the processes underlying the effect of electrical stimulation on denervated skeletal muscles, mRNA and protein expression of a number of genes, identified by the microarray study, was compared. The hypothesis was that loss of nerve action potentials and muscle contractions after denervation play the major roles in upregulation of gene expression in skeletal muscles. With electrical stimulation of denervated muscles, the expression levels for these genes were significantly downregulated, consistent with the hypothesis that loss of action potentials and/or contractions contribute to the alterations in gene expression in denervated skeletal muscles.
Measured performance of GSM, HSCSD and GPRS (2002)

In this paper we present results of measurements on the performance of GSM HSCSD and GPRS data transmission. We used a measurement tool that we have developed to study the performance of various wireless links as perceived by nomadic applications using TCP. The results show that in stationary connections the throughput and response time are stable and, in general, close to the theoretical values. However, the throughput and response time vary a lot when connections are used in motion. One of the reasons is that TCP is not capable to adapt itself properly to the variability of QoS of HSCSD and GPRS, and therefore, it does a lot of unnecessary retransmissions causing performance slowdown. The performance of HSCSD is better than the performance of GPRS. Reliability is adequate in stationary connections, but in moving connections there are unwanted disconnections or long pauses in data transfer.
Characterization of C60 and C70 clusters (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of C60 and C70 clustersD. M. Cox, S. Behal, M. Disko, S. M. Gorun, M. Greaney, C. S. Hsu, E. B. Kollin, J. Millar, J. Robbins, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8, 2940–2944Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00008a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00008a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1432Altmetric-Citations251LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of free radicals in catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy (1982)

Effects of an antioxidant, vitamin E, and a membrane stabilizing agent, zinc, were examined on the isoproterenol-induced changes in the rat myocardium. Isoproterenol treatment (80 mg/kg given over 2 days in two equal doses) caused arrhythmias and 25% mortality within 24 h of the last injection. The ultrastructural changes in the subendocardium and in focal areas of the subepicardium included swelling of mitochondria, loss of myofibrils, cell necrosis, fibrosis, and infiltration of the affected areas by polymorphonucleocytes. Both creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate levels were markedly decreased in hearts from isoproterenol-treated animals. Pretreatment of the animals with vitamin E (10 mg X kg-1 X day -1 for 2 weeks) or zinc (10 mg/kg ZnSO4, twice a day for 7 days) prevented these deleterious effects of isoproterenol. Animals maintained on vitamin E deficient diet for 8 weeks were found to be more sensitive to isoproterenol-induced changes and this increased sensitivity was reversed by a 2-week feeding of the animals on the normal diet coupled with vitamin E treatment. Based on the data obtained in this study it is proposed that catecholamine-induced changes may involve free radicals, which by promoting lipid peroxidation may increase membrane permeability and lead to the development of cardiomyopathy.
The protection racket state: elite politics, military extortion, and civil war in El Salvador (1997)

Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Self-Defense, Class Oppression, and Extortion: Alternative Views of State Violence 2. Antecendents: the Matanza and the Establishment of Military Rule 3. The Failure of Institutional Military Rule 4. Experiments in State Terrorism: Repression and Polarization under Carlos Romero 5. The Reformist Coup and the First Revolutionary Governing Junta 6. Descent into Mass Murder 7. Breaking the Protection Racket: From War to Peace Conclusion Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Abbreviations and Acronyms Notes References Index
Solving the Optimal Solution of Weight Vectors on GP-Decision Tree (2009)

In this paper, a novel approach based on genetic programming algorithm (GPA) is proposed to solve the optimal solution of weight vectors on GP-decision tree. In this GP-decision tree algorithm, the GP-decision tree is constructed according to the error rate of tree nodes and the error rate reduction of partitioned nodes. By using this algorithm, not only the weight vectors of tree nodes can be solved, but also the structure of GP-decision tree can be determined. Experimental results show this algorithm is efficient and the right trend forecasting model can be selected by using this GP-decision tree algorithm.
An Efficient Transmission Method of Panoramic Multimedia Contents in a Limited Bandwidth Environment (2011)

본 논문에서는 파노라마 영상으로 구성된 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 효율적으로 전송하는 방법을 제안한다. 파노라마 영상은 넓은 시야와 다양한 시점을 사용자에게 제공한다. 하지만 현재의 파노라마식 멀티미디어 콘텐츠 전송 서비스에는 몇 가지 제한조건이 존재한다. 먼저 파노라마 영상이 갖는 데이터양이 기존의 멀티미디어 영상보다 크기 때문에, 제한적인 전송 대역폭을 갖고 있는 통신환경에서는 초기 지연 시간이 길어지는 문제점이 있다. 또한 사용자가 제한된 디스플레이 장치(모바일 폰, PC 모니터 등)에서 전송된 영상 중 일부 시점의 영상만을 재생하게 되어, 콘텐츠의 사용효율이 떨어지는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방안으로 MPEG-4 시스템의 장면 구성 기술을 활용한 파노라마식 멀티미디어 콘텐츠 전송을 제안한다. 또한 본 논문에서는 장면 구성 기술을 활용하여, 단일 파노라마식 멀티미디어 콘텐츠 전송과 분할 파노라마식 멀티미디어 콘텐츠 전송을 비교함으로써 전송의 효율성을 증명하였다. This paper proposes an efficient transmission method for the panoramic multimedia contents. The panoramic video provides wide sight and various view-point to the user. The traditional methods of the panoramic multimedia content transmission has several limitations, as follow; A client suffers a long initial delay time to play a panoramic video when it is transmitted through a limited bandwidth network, because the panoramic video has larger data size than a general video. And if a client's display device has limited resolution, such as mobile phone, laptop PC monitor, etc. it can not display the entire panoramic video that has a wide view video sequence. So, in order to overcome the obstacles, this paper proposes an efficient transmission of panoramic multimedia contents. This method will increase the transmission efficiency throughout the technique of the scene description in MPEG-4 system. Also we demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method by comparison with existing methods.
Gel filtration through Sephadex G25 of virus fluorescent compound systems. Comparison with ultracentrifugation results. (1984)

A stable interaction could be made evident between influenza A(H1N1) or Sendai virus and two fluorescent naphthalic acid derivatives solubilized in DMSO. The virus-compound interaction was studied spectrophotometrically and spectrofluorometrically, at the wavelengths characteristic of virus protein and of the two compounds, in samples subjected to gel filtration or ultracentrifugation. The percentages of virus-bound compound obtained by the two methods were similar in the case of the vinyl-sulfonic derivative (affecting virus structure to a lesser extent) and considerably different in that of the isocyano derivative (causing important structural damage).
Breast Milk: Components with Immune Modulating Potential and Their Possible Role in Immune Mediated Disease Resistance (2010)

Breast milk contains several interesting immune modulating components with specific modulating potentials, which are known to have a clear role in immune mediated disease resistance later in life. The development and deterioration of our immune defenses show differences as well as similarities in immunological challenges throughout life. Each phase in life puts specific requirements on nutrition, although no clear statement can be made based on literature as to what the exact dietary requirements are in order to fully support the immune system during life.
Password authentication based on public-key distribution cryptosystem (2003)

A password authentication mechanism based on the public-key distribution cryptosystem is proposed. The scheme uses an authentication table to replace the traditional password file. With this scheme, even if the authentication table is comprised, the system security is preserved. The user's password is effectively bound to the user's identification in a timely, efficient, and simple manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MECHANISTIC ASPECTS OF ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS: Lessons from Comparison of RNA and Protein Enzymes (1997)

A classic approach in biology, both organismal and cellular, is to compare morphologies in order to glean structural and functional commonalities. The comparative approach has also proven valuable on a molecular level. For example, phylogenetic comparisons of RNA sequences have led to determination of conserved secondary and even tertiary structures, and comparisons of protein structures have led to classifications of families of protein folds. Here we take this approach in a mechanistic direction, comparing protein and RNA enzymes. The aim of comparing RNA and protein enzymes is to learn about fundamental physical and chemical principles of biological catalysis. The more recently discovered RNA enzymes, or ribozymes, provide a distinct perspective on long-standing questions of biological catalysis. The differences described in this review have taught us about the aspects of RNA and proteins that are distinct, whereas the common features have helped us to understand the aspects that are fundamental to biological catalysis. This has allowed the framework that was put forth by Jencks for protein catalysts over 20 years ago (1) to be extended to RNA enzymes, generalized, and strengthened.
Blind multichannel reconstruction of high-resolution images using wavelet fusion (2005)

We developed an approach to the blind multichannel reconstruction of high-resolution images. This approach is based on breaking the image reconstruction problem into three consecutive steps: a blind multichannel restoration, a wavelet-based image fusion, and a maximum entropy image interpolation. The blind restoration step depends on estimating the two-dimensional (2-D) greatest common divisor (GCD) between each observation and a combinational image generated by a weighted averaging process of the available observations. The purpose of generating this combinational image is to get a new image with a higher signal-to-noise ratio and a blurring operator that is a coprime with all the blurring operators of the available observations. The 2-D GCD is then estimated between the new image and each observation, and thus the effect of noise on the estimation process is reduced. The multiple outputs of the restoration step are then applied to the image fusion step, which is based on wavelets. The objective of this step is to integrate the data obtained from each observation into a single image, which is then interpolated to give an enhanced resolution image. A maximum entropy algorithm is derived and used in interpolating the resulting image from the fusion step. Results show that the suggested blind image reconstruction approach succeeds in estimating a high-resolution image from noisy blurred observations in the case of relatively coprime unknown blurring operators. The required computation time of the suggested approach is moderate.
The Relationship Between Capsulorhexis Size and Anterior Chamber Depth Relation (1999)

A 4 mm capsulorhexis results in a longer postoperative ACD than does a 6 mm capsulorhexis for the IOL type used in this study.
Evidence suggesting that some proteolytic enzymes may cleave only the trans form of the peptide bond (1979)

The rates of hydrolysis of glycy-L-proline and L-phenylalanyl-L-proline, catalyzed by prolidase, have been measured at several temperatures under conditions where a high ratio of prolidase activity to substrate concentration existed. Two well-separated kinetic phases, which can be adequately treated as two first-order reactions, were observed for the hydrolysis. The relative amplitudes of the two phases are nearly independent of temperature, but strongly dependent on the initial state of protonation of the dipeptides. It was found that the amplitude of the slow phase is strictly proportional to the known amount of cis isomer, while the amplitude of the fast phase correlates with the amount of the trans isomer. Furthermore, the relaxation time and activation energy of the slow phase of hydrolysis are in good agreement with the same parameters determined for cis-trans isomerization of the dipeptides, as measured by a pH-jump method for samples not being hydrolyzed. These results lead us to the conclusion that the slow phase seen for hydrolysis is rate limited by cis-trans isomerization of the X-pro peptide bond. Thus, this proline-specific protease appears to have an absolute requirement for the trans form of the peptide bond and appears not to cleave the cis form or to cleave it extremely slowly.
Phase 1b study of PV-10 and anti-PD-1 in advanced cutaneous melanoma. (2019)

9559 Background: PV-10 (rose bengal disodium) is a small molecule oncolytic immunotherapy in development for solid tumors, where intralesional injection can yield immunogenic cell death and tumor-specific reactivity in circulating T cells. It has been administered as a single agent to over 300 cutaneous melanoma patients (pts) in Phase 1-3 testing and under expanded access. Methods: Study PV-10-MM-1201 (NCT02557321) is a Phase 1b/2 study of PV-10 in combination with anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) for patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma (Stage IIIB-IV M1c). Patients must have at least 1 injectable lesion and be candidates for pembrolizumab. In Phase 1b pts receive combination treatment q3w for 5 cycles then pembrolizumab alone for up to 24 months; the primary endpoint is safety and tolerability with objective response rate (ORR) and progression free survival (PFS) key secondary endpoints (by RECIST 1.1 after 5 cycles then q12w). Results: Full accrual of the Main Cohort of Phase 1b was reached in April 2018, with an intent-to-treat population of 23 pts (3 IIIC/IIID, 8 M1a, 7 M1b, 5 M1c; median age 70 years, range 28-90). Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) were consistent with established patterns for each drug, principally Grade 1-2 injection site reactions attributed to PV-10 and Grade 1-3 immune-mediated reactions attributed to pembrolizumab, with no significant overlap or unexpected toxicities: 6 Grade 1-2 TEAEs were attributed to the combination in 6 pts. Response of injected lesions was 77% CR (3% PR) achieved after a median of 3 injections / lesion administered over a median of 4 treatment cycles of PV-10 (range 1-5). Most pts had extensive uninjected tumor burden, and a best overall response of CR was achieved in 9% of pts (1 each M1a and M1b), with 57% of pts achieving PR (including 4 of 5 M1c pts). Response assessment is ongoing; final ORR and PFS data for the Main Cohort will be presented along with correlative T cell data. Conclusions: The primary endpoint for Phase 1b was met, with acceptable safety and tolerability of the combination and no unexpected safety issues identified. Two Phase 1b Expansion Cohorts (24 pts each) have been opened to pts refractory to prior checkpoint inhibition and pts with in-transit or satellite disease. Clinical trial information: NCT02557321.