gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hartmannella (Acanthamoeba): Experimental Chronic, Granulomatous Brain Infections Produced by New Isolates of Low Virulence (1966)

Journal Article Hartmannella (Acanthamoeba). Experimental Chronic, Granulomatous Brain Infections Produced by New Isolates of Low Virulence. Get access C. G. Culbertson, M.D., C. G. Culbertson, M.D. Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, and Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. W. Ensminger, M.S., B.S., P. W. Ensminger, M.S., B.S. Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, and Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. M. Overton, M.T. (ASCP) W. M. Overton, M.T. (ASCP) Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, and Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 46, Issue 3, 1 September 1966, Pages 305–314, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/46.3.305 Published: 01 September 1966 Article history Received: 03 March 1966 Published: 01 September 1966
Comparison of Inedible Egg Product and Spray-Dried Plasma as Sources of Protein for Weanling Pigs (2000)

Pigs were weaned at approximately 18 days of age and fed diets containing inedible egg product, spray-dried plasma (SDP), or the combination of both for 2 weeks postweaning. They then received a common diet for an additional 2 weeks after the treatment period. The impact of these dietary ingredients on growth performance was evaluated.\nInedible egg product did not improve growth or feed efficiency of pigs compared with those fed the control diet during the 2-week treatment period. However, SDP increased body weight gain and feed efficiency during the treatment period. The improved performance over the control group that resulted from feeding a combination of SDP and egg product was primarily dependent upon the SDP. In the third week, a trend occurred for improved performance of pigs fed the egg product compared with those fed 4% SDP; however, the difference was not significant. During this same period, pigs previously fed SDP gained weight slower and consumed less feed than those that had not been fed SDP. Therefore, the response to SDP was partially lost when it was removed from the diet. In summary, the outcome of this study demonstrated that inedible egg product was an adequate source of protein for the weanling pig but did not provide measurable improvements over the control diet. Inedible egg product did not have an additive effect when combined with SDP. The improved feed efficiency associated with SDP resulted in increased weanling pig growth.
Imaging of OH* Chemiluminescence in an Optically Accessible Nonpremixed Rotating Detonation Engine (2015)

The detonation propagating through the annular channel of an optically accessible nonpremixed rotating detonation engine (RDE) is visualized in this work using OH* chemiluminescence imaging. The fuel and air are injected from separate streams and partially premix in the channel in front of the detonation wave. The OH* chemiluminescence images allow observation of the size and shape of the detonation structure, trailing edge oblique shock wave, and possible presence of deflagration between the fuel fill region and expansion region containing detonated products. The OH* chemiluminescence images are useful for evaluating the effects of the air mass flow rate, equivalence ratio, air injection area, and fuel injection scheme on the detonation structure and its corresponding impact on RDE operation and performance. The detonation increases in height as the air mass flow rate is increased for low flow rates, experiences subtle changes in size and shape for intermediate flow rates, and transitions from one-wave to two-waves as the flow rate is further increased. For fuel lean conditions, the high OH* emissions from the detonation are distributed more broadly in space. For stoichiometric and fuel rich conditions, the high OH* emissions typically are confined to a more narrow region near the detonation wave front. The wave front is more concave with respect to the fuel fill region in front of the detonation as the air injection slot is increased from low to intermediate values. The angle between the wave front and fuel injection surface in front of the detonation becomes more acute as the air injection slot is further increased. Reducing the number of fuel injection holes has significant effects on the detonation structure including transition from one-wave to two-waves. The waves typically co-rotate with the detonations propagating in the same azimuthal direction for most conditions in which two-waves are established in the channel. Counter-rotating waves with the detonations propagating in the opposite azimuthal direction are observed for some conditions. The observation of two counter-rotating detonation waves demonstrates one occasional effect of non-ideal mixing between the fuel and air in a nonpremixed RDE. The OH* chemiluminescence images are useful for evaluating RDE models and simulations, improving fundamental understanding of the detonation structure in nonpremixed RDEs, and identifying critical design parameters that influence RDE operation and performance.
Silicon Field Emitter Arrays With Current Densities Exceeding 100 A/cm<sup>2</sup> at Gate Voltages Below 75 V (2015)

We report silicon field emitter arrays (FEAs) that demonstrate current densities 100 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at gate-emitter voltages <;75 V. These are the highest current densities reported for a semiconductor FEA, and approach the current densities of Spindt-type metal cathodes. We achieved these results using a new device structure that employs high-aspect-ratio silicon nanowire current limiters in series with each emitter tip to address the major failure mechanisms in FEAs. These current limiters mitigate emitter tip failure due to joule heating thus allowing for higher reliability. We employed a novel fabrication process to produce small gate apertures (≈350 nm) that are self-aligned to the field emitter tip enabling device operation at >100 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with gate-to-emitter voltages that are less than 75 V. These FEAs demonstrate performance that has the potential to enable smaller, more efficient, and high-power vacuum electronics.
Topotecan treatment of adults with primary malignant glioma (1999)

These results suggest that topotecan has modest activity against malignant glioma and continued evaluation of its effectiveness may be warranted when alternative schedules or combination regimens are used.
Temporal Bone Pathology of Japanese Otosclerosis (1993)

Five hundred and forty five temporal bones from 273 individuals were studied histopathologically, to clarify the activity, gender ratio, predilection site and incide nce of otosclerosis among Japanese. The relation between otosclerosis and fissula ante fenestram or constituents in the area anterior to the oval window was also studied. Individua ls ranged in age from 6 to 89 y ears.1) Histological evidence of otosclerotic foci was found in 12 ears,10 individuals; 6 of 172males (7 of 344 ears) and 4 of 101 females (5 o f 201 ears) aged 48 to 84 years; all cases sho wed histologic otosclerosis without clinical otologic symptoms. The prevalence of histologic otosclerosis was calcul ated as 3.66% by individuals and 2.20%by ears. Females were not significantly predominant statistically. Unilaterality wa s 80%(8 of 10 individuals).2) The most frequent site of otosclerotic foci from data in this study conbined with that from reports published in Japan was the area anterior to the oval window in 52% of the cases. The percentage was about half that in Caucasians.3) The volume of the otosclerotic foci in the area anterior to the oval window was measured in 6 ears by three-dimensional computer graphic reconstruction. Volume rang ed from 0.079 to 4.023 mm3. In five ears, volume was less than 1 mm3.4) Otosclerotic foci involved in the area anterior to the oval window were separated from the fissula ante fenestram, but involved the tympanic side of the fissula ante fenestram. It was considered that otosclerosis might arise not from the fissula ante fenestram, but from the area on the tympanic side of the fissula ante fenestram.5) In the area anterior to the oval window, there were some constituents such as cartilage, new bone, adipose tissue and connective tissue. However, in the ear involving oto sclerosis in the area anterior to the oval window, these constituents were not observed. O tosclerosis may have no relation to these constituents.6) The lower incidence of clinical otosclerosis among Japanese compared to that among Caucasians was considered due to:1. the low prevalence of otosclerosis2. low activity3. the low rate of involvement of the area anterior to the oval window that causes earlier impaired hearing.
Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and transdermal formulations (2016)

The skin barrier function has been attributed to the stratum corneum and represents a major challenge in clinical practice pertaining to cutaneous administration of drugs. Despite this, a large number of bioactive compounds have been successfully administered via cutaneous administration because of advances in the design of topical and transdermal formulations. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of these novel drug delivery systems are necessary to characterize their quality and efficacy. This review covers the most well-known methods for assessing the cutaneous absorption of drugs as an auxiliary tool for pharmaceutical formulation scientists in the design of drug delivery systems. In vitro methods as skin permeation assays using Franz-type diffusion cells, cutaneous retention and tape-stripping methods to study the cutaneous penetration of drugs, and in vivo evaluations as pre-clinical pharmacokinetic studies in animal models are discussed. Alternative approaches to cutaneous microdialysis are also covered. Recent advances in research on skin absorption of drugs and the effect of skin absorption enhancers, as investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy, Raman confocal microscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, are reviewed.
A neural network approach to the inspection of ball grid array solder joints on printed circuit boards (2000)

We describe an approach to automation of visual inspection of ball grid array (BGA) solder joint defects of surface mounted components on printed circuit boards by using a neural network. Inherently, the BGA solder joints are located below its own package body, and this induces a difficulty in taking a good image of the solder joints when using a conventional imaging system. To acquire the cross-sectional image of a BGA solder joint, an X-ray cross-sectional imaging method such as laminography and digital tomosynthesis is utilized. However an X-ray cross-sectional image of a BGA solder joint, using laminography or DT methods, has inherent blurring effect and artifact. This problem has been a major obstacle to extracting suitable features for classification. To solve this problem, a neural network based classification method is proposed. The performance of the proposed approach is tested on numerous samples of printed circuit boards and compared with that of a human inspector. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method shows practical usefulness in BGA solder joint inspection.
Effects of Glucam P-20, Vanillin, and Fixolide on Mosquito Repellency of Citronella Oil Lotions (2012)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of three fragrance fixatives, Glucam P-20, Vanillin, and Fixolide, on the mosquito repellent property of citronella oil lotions. In the current study, two formulae (A and B) of oil-in-water citronella oil lotions were formulated using different ingredients (emulsifiers [Cremophors or Emulwax], stiffening agents, and emollients). Citronella oil was used at 10% wt:wt. The weight ratios tested between citronella oil and each fixative were 1:0.25, 1:0.5, and 1:1. Overall, 20 formulations, including one with no fixatives for both A and B, were produced, A1-A10 and B1-B10. The repellent activities of these 20 lotions against Aedes aegypti (L.) were tested using a human-bait technique. The types and concentrations of fixatives as well as the compositions of the formulations did affect the protection time of the citronella oil lotions. The lotion containing Emulwax and 5% vanillin (B6) was the most effective repellent. It provided the longest protection time of 4.8 h, which exceeded the minimum requirement of 2 h set by the National Institute of Health, Thailand. The shortest protection time (1 h) was observed in the lotion containing Emulwax and 2.5% Glucam P-20 (B2). It could be concluded that the tested fixatives affected the repellent activity of the citronella oil lotions.
An electronic device (Episensor) for detection of the interpleural space. (1991)

Complications associated with interpleural block are often related to difficulty with needle and catheter placement. Thus there exists need for refinement of the puncture technique. We present our initial experience identifying the interpleural space with a new electronic detector (Episensor, Palex, Spain) that is sensitive to negative pressure. Twenty-five patients undergoing cholecystectomy (subcostal incision), nephrectomy or mastectomy were included in the study. All patients had an interpleural catheter placed after completion of surgery, but before extubation, using the Episensor. The technique was successful in all cases. The mean time from needle insertion to taping the catheter to the skin was 6.3 +/- 3.6 minutes. No patient developed a pneumothorax. Four patients (16%) complained of chest pain during the interpleural injection of radiopaque medium. Pain relief during the 48-hour observation period was good. Supplemental analgesia was required in nine nephrectomy patients. We believe the Episensor may be a valuable adjunct to the initiation of interpleural anesthesia.
Bifunctional Unnatural Sialic Acids for Dual Metabolic Labeling of Cell-Surface Sialylated Glycans (2013)

Sialic acid analogues containing a unique chemical functionality or chemical reporter have been metabolically incorporated into sialylated glycans. This process, termed metabolic glycan labeling, has emerged as a powerful tool for studying sialylation as well as other types of glycosylation. Currently, this technique can install only a single functionality. Here we describe a strategy for dual labeling of sialylated glycans using a new class of bifunctional sialic acid analogues containing two distinct chemical reporters at the N-acyl and C9 positions. These bifunctional unnatural sialic acids were metabolically incorporated into cellular glycans, where the two chemical reporters exerted their distinct functions. This approach expands the capability of metabolic glycan labeling to probe sialylation and glycan-protein interactions.
Texture features for affine registration of thermal (FLIR) and visible images (2007)

The aim of our research is to analyse the im- portance of texture information for affine registration of gray-scale far-infrared (FLIR) images and gray-scale im- ages taken in the visible spectrum. Texture features are extracted by Laws texture coefficients and used for com- puting registration criterion functions. The proposed fea- ture based approach is compared to the commonly used ap- proach, where a registration criterion function is computed directly from intensity features, i.e. grey values. The experi- ments on a small database of ten image pairs show that our texture feature based registration method works well for the given image modalities. Furthermore, we can expect more robust and more correct registration when texture based cri- terion function instead of intensity based one is used.
QWIP structural optimization (2002)

Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) are flexible in tailoring their characteristics to suit an application. In this article, we present a design and optimization concept to construct an infrared spectrometer. It utilizes the broadband absorption of a QWIP and the narrow band light coupling of a grid structure. The QWIP material defines the range of detection wavelengths of the spectrometer while the grid geometry selects out different wavelengths to detect in different detector elements. We will present specific design examples in two wavelength ranges, one from 7.5 to 12 μm and another from 6 to 15 μm. We will also present some experimental results to support the design feasibility.
Some Extensions of Liapunov's Second Method (1960)

>In the study of the stability of a system, it is never completely satisfactory to know only that an equilibrium state is asymptotically stable. As a practical matter, it is necessary to have some idea of the size of the perturbations the system can undergo and still return to the equilibrium state. It is never possible to do this by examining only the linear approximation. The effect of the nonlinearities must be taken into account. Liapunov's second method provides a means of doing this. Mathematical theorems underlying methods for determining the region of asymptotic stability are given, and the methods are illustrated by a number of examples.
Inhibition of Spontaneous and Androgen-Induced Prostate Growth by a Nonhypercalcemic Calcitriol Analog (2003)

We have recently found that analog V (BXL-353, a calcitriol analog) inhibits growth factor (GF)-stimulated human benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) cell proliferation by disrupting signal transduction, reducing Bcl-2 expression, and inducing apoptosis. We now report that BXL-353 blocks in vitro and in vivo testosterone (T) activity. BPH cells responded to T and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with dose-dependent growth and reduced apoptosis. Exposure of BPH cells to BXL-353 significantly antagonized both T- and DHT-induced proliferation and induced apoptosis, even in the presence of T. To verify whether BXL-353 reduced prostate growth in vivo, we administered it orally to either intact or castrated rats, supplemented with T enanthate. Nonhypercalcemic doses of BXL-353 time- and dose-dependently reduced the androgen effect on ventral prostate weight, similarly to finasteride. Comparable results were obtained after chronic administration of BXL-353 to intact rats. Clusterin (an atrophy marker) gene and protein were up-regulated by BXL-353 in rat prostate, and nuclear fragmentation was widely present. The antiandrogenic properties of BXL-353 did not interfere with pituitary and testis function, as assessed by serum determination of rat LH and T. BXL-353 did not compete for androgen binding to BPH homogenates and failed to inhibit 5alpha-reductase type 1 and type 2 activities. In conclusion, BXL-353 blocks in vitro and in vivo androgen-stimulated prostate cell growth, probably acting downstream from the androgen receptor, without affecting calcemia or sex hormone secretion. BXL-353 and other vitamin D(3) analogs might thus represent an interesting class of compounds for treating patients with BPH.
Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Meat by Using Phages Immobilized on Modified Cellulose Membranes (2011)

The ability of phages to specifically interact with and lyse their host bacteria makes them ideal antibacterial agents. The range of applications of bacteriophage can be extended by their immobilization on inert surfaces. A novel method for the oriented immobilization of bacteriophage has been developed. The method was based on charge differences between the bacteriophage head, which exhibits an overall net negative charge, and the tail fibers, which possess an overall net positive charge. Hence, the head would be more likely to attach to positively charged surfaces, leaving the tails free to capture and lyse bacteria. Cellulose membranes modified so that they had a positive surface charge were used as the support for phage immobilization. It was established that the number of infective phages immobilized on the positively charged cellulose membranes was significantly higher than that on unmodified membranes. Cocktails of phages active against Listeria or Escherichia coli immobilized on these membranes were shown to effectively control the growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 in ready-to-eat and raw meat, respectively, under different storage temperatures and packaging conditions. The phage storage stability was investigated to further extend their industrial applications. It was shown that lyophilization can be used as a phage-drying method to maintain their infectivity on the newly developed bioactive materials. In conclusion, utilizing the charge difference between phage heads and tails provided a simple technique for oriented immobilization applicable to a wide range of phages and allowed the retention of infectivity.
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (c) 4/12 (2007)

Abstract ISAMMA 2007 was the first consolidated symposium of the three previous symposia held in the Asian region: ISPMM (International Symposium on Physics of Magnetic Materials) of Japan which started in 1987, ISAMT (International Symposium on Spintronics and Advanced Magnetic Technologies) of Taiwan and SOMMA (International Symposium on Magnetic Materials and Applications) of Korea, both of which started in 1999. Considering that there are too many international and domestic meetings around in recent years, I am sure that this kind of consolidation will benefit the people working in magnetics research in the region. ISAMMA 2007 was held on Jeju island, Korea, during the period 28 May to 1 June 2007. The number of participants was 533 from 26 countries. These statistics clearly indicate that the meeting was truly international! The number of presentations was even higher, there being a total of 613 presentations (174 oral presentations including invited talks and 439 poster presentations). A wide range of subjects were covered in the symposium. The technical sessions included: – Biomagnetics – Magnetotransport – Thin films and multilayers – Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) – Nanostructured materials – Spintronics – Magnetic oxides and multiferroics – Magnetic recording and magneto‐optical recording – Magnetic theory and calculation – Hard magnetic materials – Soft magnetic materials – Magnetic sensors and devices – Spin dynamics – Magnetic oxides The number of manuscripts submitted was approximately 320, among which ∼200 manuscripts were accepted and included in the proceedings. It was a challenging task to deal with such a large number of manuscripts in a short period of time. The formidable task has been completed successfully mainly thanks to the great efforts by the Publication Editors: Dr. Naoki Honda (Akita Research Institute of Advanced Techology, Japan), Prof. Minn‐Tsong Lin (National Taiwan University, Taiwan), Prof. Masahiro Yamaguchi (Tohoku University, Japan), and Prof. Kyung‐Jin Lee (Korea University, Korea). The assignment of reviewers in some sessions was problematic, causing extra burden to the Editors. Due to this and other unexpected problems, the job the editors have done is much beyond the originally anticipated one. My sincere thanks go to you all for your professional service and time, without which the proceedings would have not been issued in the present form. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)