gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic connectivity detection: an algorithm for determining functional connectivity change points in fMRI data (2015)

Recently there has been an increased interest in using fMRI data to study the dynamic nature of brain connectivity. In this setting, the activity in a set of regions of interest (ROIs) is often modeled using a multivariate Gaussian distribution, with a mean vector and covariance matrix that are allowed to vary as the experiment progresses, representing changing brain states. In this work, we introduce the Dynamic Connectivity Detection (DCD) algorithm, which is a data-driven technique to detect temporal change points in functional connectivity, and estimate a graph between ROIs for data within each segment defined by the change points. DCD builds upon the framework of the recently developed Dynamic Connectivity Regression (DCR) algorithm, which has proven efficient at detecting changes in connectivity for problems consisting of a small to medium (<50) number of regions, but which runs into computational problems as the number of regions becomes large (>100). The newly proposed DCD method is faster, requires less user input, and is better able to handle high-dimensional data. It overcomes the shortcomings of DCR by adopting a simplified sparse matrix estimation approach and a different hypothesis testing procedure to determine change points. The application of DCD to simulated data, as well as fMRI data, illustrates the efficacy of the proposed method.
A simple and convenient synthesis of 3′-5′- or 2′-5′-linked oligoribonucleotide by polymerization of unprotected ribonucleoside using phosphorus tris-azole (1984)

Oligoribonucleotides have been synthesized directly from unprotected ribonucleosides by a chemical polymerization approach using phosphorus tris-azoles. The procedure involves two steps: (i) the reaction of unprotected ribonucleoside with phosphorus tris-azole and (ii) the in situ oxidation of the resulting phosphite with iodine and water. Several phosphorus tris-azoles were investigated for generating oligoribonucleotide chains. Phosphorus tris-azoles of which azoles are imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole were found to be most effective. Uridine, adenosine, and cytidine oligonucleotides were obtained rapidly in high yields without any protection. The inter-ribonucleotidic linkage of the oligomers consists of 3'-5'- and 2'-5'-linkages. The linkage isomers were easily separated by a reverse phase column chromatography. The present approach provides a convenient and potentially useful method for preparing 3'-5'- or 2'-5'-linked oligoribonucleotides.
Circuit breaker protection considerations in power converter-fed DC Systems (2009)

Considerations in applying circuit breaker protection to DC systems are capacitive discharge, circuit breaker coordination and impacts of double ground faults. Test and analysis results show the potential for equipment damage. Solutions are proposed at the cost of increased integration between power conversion and protection systems.
A Markov Chain Sequence Generator for Power Macromodeling (2004)

In this paper, we present a novel sequence generator based on a Markov chain (MC) model. Specifically, we formulate the problem of generating a sequence of vectors with given average input probability p, average transition density d, and spatial correlation s as a transition matrix computation problem, in which the matrix elements are subject to constraints derived from the specified statistics. We also give a practical heuristic that computes such a matrix and generates a sequence of l n-bit vectors in O(nl+n/sup 2/) time. Derived from a strongly mixing MC, our generator yields binary vector sequences with accurate statistics, high uniformity, and high randomness. Experimental results show that our sequence generator can cover more than 99% of the parameter space. Sequences of 2000 48-bit vectors are generated in less than 0.05 s, with average deviations of the signal statistics p,d, and s equal to 1.6%, 1.8%, and 2.8%, respectively. Our generator enables the detailed study of power macromodeling. Using our tool and the ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits, we have assessed the sensitivity of power dissipation to the three input statistics p,d, and s. Our investigation reveals that power is most sensitive to transition density, while only occasionally exhibiting high sensitivity to signal probability and spatial correlation. Our experiments also show that input signal imbalance can cause estimation errors as high as 100% in extreme cases, although errors are usually within 25%.
Production, purification, and characterization of the fimbrial adhesive antigen F41 isolated from calf enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain B41M (1982)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of serogroups O9 and O101 produce an adhesive antigen, provisionally designated as F41. Production of the F41 antigen was shown to be dependent on the composition of the growth medium. A minimal salts medium or Minca medium was the most suitable medium to obtain a high production. The biosynthesis of the F41 antigen was repressed at 18 degrees C or in the presence of L-alanine. The F41 antigen was isolated from the bacteria by mechanical detachment, concentrated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, and purified gel filtration on Sepharose CL-4B and treatment with deoxycholate. The purified F41 was composed of protein subunits with an apparent molecular weight of 29,500 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The isoelectric point of the antigen was 4.6. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. The F41 antigen had strong hemagglutinating activity with guinea pig and human group A erythrocytes and weaker hemagglutinating activity with horse and sheep erythrocytes. In immunoelectrophoresis at pH 8.4 the purified antigen migrated to the anode. Purified F41 antigen has a filamentous structure with an average diameter of 3.2 nm.
Optimizing statistical classifiers of network traffic (2010)

Supervised statistical approaches for the classification of network traffic are quickly moving from research laboratories to advanced prototypes, which in turn will become actual products in the next few years. While the research on the classification algorithms themselves has made quite significant progress in the recent past, few papers have examined the problem of determining the optimum working parameters for statistical classifiers in a straightforward and foolproof way. Without such optimization, it becomes very difficult to put into practice any classification algorithm for network traffic, no matter how advanced it may be. In this paper we present a simple but effective procedure for the optimization of the working parameters of a statistical network traffic classifier. We put the optimization procedure into practice, and examine its effects when the classifier is run in very different scenarios, ranging from medium and large local area networks to Internet backbone links. Experimental results show not only that an automatic optimization procedure like the one presented in this paper is necessary for the classifier to work at its best, but they also shed some light on some of the properties of the classification algorithm that deserve further study.
Spectrum load smoothing: distributed quality‐of‐service support for cognitive radios in open spectrum (2006)

Abstract Today's framework for radio spectrum regulation and spectrum usage is undergoing fundamental changes. In the face of scarce radio resources, regulators, industry and the research community are launching initiatives towards a flexible usage of spectrum. Intelligent radio systems so‐called cognitive radios that autonomously coordinate their spectrum usage are a promising approach towards an opening of spectrum. In this article, we therefore discuss medium access control protocols for cognitive radios operating in parts of the spectrum originally licensed to other radio services. They identify underutilised spectrum, coordinate its usage and release it again when required by licensed radio systems. We apply therefore ‘waterfilling’, a known principle in information theory, in the time‐domain for the distributed coordination of cognitive radios in spectrum sharing scenarios. This application is here referred to as spectrum load smoothing (SLS). Cognitive radios are realised in this article in modifying the medium access of IEEE 802.11e with the SLS. The ability of SLS to support quality‐of‐service in the presence of other, competing cognitive radios, and the prevention of harmful interference to licensed radio systems are evaluated. Copyright © 2006 AEIT
Detecting Sarcasm in Multimodal Social Platforms (2016)

Sarcasm is a peculiar form of sentiment expression, where the surface sentiment differs from the implied sentiment. The detection of sarcasm in social media platforms has been applied in the past mainly to textual utterances where lexical indicators (such as interjections and intensifiers), linguistic markers, and contextual information (such as user profiles, or past conversations) were used to detect the sarcastic tone. However, modern social media platforms allow to create multimodal messages where audiovisual content is integrated with the text, making the analysis of a mode in isolation partial. In our work, we first study the relationship between the textual and visual aspects in multimodal posts from three major social media platforms, i.e., Instagram, Tumblr and Twitter, and we run a crowdsourcing task to quantify the extent to which images are perceived as necessary by human annotators. Moreover, we propose two different computational frameworks to detect sarcasm that integrate the textual and visual modalities. The first approach exploits visual semantics trained on an external dataset, and concatenates the semantics features with state-of-the-art textual features. The second method adapts a visual neural network initialized with parameters trained on ImageNet to multimodal sarcastic posts. Results show the positive effect of combining modalities for the detection of sarcasm across platforms and methods.
Supramolecular Catalysts for the Gas-phase Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

Reversed micelles containing metallic ions have been used as precursors of novel catalysts for the gas-phase synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). This technique possesses the following advantages: (i) excellent solubility in organic solvents, which are used as reactants and (ii) facile preparation of multicomponent catalysts enabling systematic screening of catalyst compositions for the synthesis of SWNTs. In this study, we report the results of the screening study on the catalytic behavior of Fe−Mo binary catalysts during the synthesis of SWNTs. The results suggested that the catalytic ability was closely related to the strain of the crystal structure of Fe−Mo catalysts formed in the reaction and/or the phase transition caused by dissolution of the Mo atoms. The addition of lithium to the Fe−Mo binary catalysts has revealed an increase in the yield of SWNTs.
<i>s</i><i>eco</i>-C/D Ring Analogues of Ergot Alkaloids. Synthesis via Intramolecular Heck and Ring-Closing Metathesis Reactions (2003)

[reaction: see text] Intramolecular Heck and ring-closing metathesis reactions on key intermediates 10 and 15, respectively, provide efficient entries into seco-C/D ring analogues of Ergot alkaloids 12 and 16, compounds of potential synthetic and biological interest.
Degarelix, a novel GnRH antagonist, causes minimal histamine release compared with cetrorelix, abarelix and ganirelix in an <i>ex vivo</i> model of human skin samples (2010)

In this ex vivo human skin model, degarelix displayed the lowest capacity to release histamine followed by ganirelix, abarelix and cetrorelix. These findings may provide indirect hints as to the relative likelihood of systemic anaphylactic reactions in clinical settings.
<i>ASDIN Original Investigations</i>: How I Do It: Directional Atherectomy for In‐Stent Restenosis of a PTFE Arteriovenous Graft (2008)

We describe the use of directional atherectomy (DA) to restore patency of a thrombosed polytetrafluoroethylene arteriovenous graft with an in-stent restenosis at the venous anastomosis. Technically, the procedure described is not an atherectomy per se, but rather the removal of fibrosis and intimal hyperplasia with sharp endoluminal dissection. Certainly, the operator must be cautious when performing DA directly adjacent to a previously deployed stent. Nevertheless, our report suggests that there may be a role for DA in the treatment of severe, resistant in-stent stenosis. Further investigation is necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the described technique.
Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and deprivation: a nationwide cohort study of health inequality in hospital admissions (2011)

Both variceal and non-variceal haemorrhage hospitalization rates increased with deprivation, and there was a similar gradient in all areas of the country and in all age bands. The existence of such a steep gradient suggests that there are opportunities to reduce hospitalizations down to the low rates seen in the most affluent, and thus, there is the potential to prevent almost 10,000 admissions and over 1000 deaths a year.
Stereoselective oxidation by thionyl chloride leading to the indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline system (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective oxidation by thionyl chloride leading to the indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline systemMark Cushman and Leung ChengCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 19, 3781–3783Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00413a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00413a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views535Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent advances in the design of precision coaxial standards and components (2005)

Significant advances in precision coaxial standards and components have come with the introduction of precision coaxial connectors and the development of highly accurate impedance-measuring techniques. These advances include dielectric supports with extremely small interface discontinuities, contacting members that are insensitive to mechanical tolerances, calculable air-line impedance standards of very high absolute accuracy, reference impedance terminations that retain their nominal dc values to very high frequencies, smooth diametral transitions that are essentially free of local disturbances, and a novel impedance-matching tuner. The theory, design and applications of the advances outlined are the subject of this paper.
Video representation and suspicious event detection using semantic technologies (2020)

Storage and analysis of video surveillance data is a significant challenge, requiring video interpretation and event detection in the relevant context. To perform this task, the low-level features including shape, texture, and color information are extracted and represented in symbolic forms. In this work, a methodology is proposed, which extracts the salient features and properties using machine learning techniques and represent this information as Linked Data using a domain ontology that is explicitly tailored for detection of certain activities. An ontology is also developed to include concepts and properties which may be applicable in the domain of surveillance and its applications. The proposed approach is validated with actual implementation and is thus evaluated by recognizing suspicious activity in an open parking space. The suspicious activity detection is formalized through inference rules and SPARQL queries. Eventually, Semantic Web Technology has proven to be a remarkable toolchain to interpret videos, thus opening novel possibilities for video scene representation, and detection of complex events, without any human involvement. The proposed novel approach can thus have representation of frame-level information of a video in structured representation and perform event detection while reducing storage and enhancing semantically-aided retrieval of video data.
Power Supply for Plasma Torches Based on a Class‐E Amplifier Configuration (2008)

Abstract A new RF power supply intended for low‐power plasma torches is presented. It is based on a class‐E amplifier, modified on the principle of a parallel LC resonant circuit, and is used here to supply the so‐called ‘plasma needle’. The latter is matched with a shunt inductor, and both are connected in parallel to the resonant capacitor C . This configuration is particularly useful for the control of stable discharge characteristics, for example, to resist naturally occurring variations in the load impedance, by providing the high voltage necessary to ignite and maintain the plasma. The overall system has been tested at atmospheric pressure by producing glow discharges in flows of helium and argon. We present early results that describe the device's characteristics. magnified image
A selection method of manual and semi-automated order picking systems based on filling curve and time model (2010)

A method is presented to choose the suitable order picking system for given customer orders. After analyzing the logical movement among the three active movers which are pickers, items and containers corresponding to orders, we propose a classification of order picking systems including picker-to-parts system, put system and parts-to-picker system. Three time models are presented used with filling curves to link the one-dimensional unit grids to get the entire time of two-dimensional system. Using this method, we can get the suitability of each system for given orders by comparing the order picking time.
Microscopic Insights into Methane Activation and Related Processes on Pt/Ceria Model Catalysts (2010)

Ceria-based supported noble-metal catalysts release oxygen, which may help to reduce the formation of carbonaceous residues, for example during hydrocarbon reforming. To gain insight into the microscopic origins of these effects, a model study is performed under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions using single-crystal-based supported model catalysts. The model systems are based on ordered CeO(2)(111) films on Cu(111), on which Pt nanoparticles are grown by physical vapor deposition. The growth and structure of the surfaces are characterized by means of scanning tunneling microscopy, and the electronic structure and reactivity are probed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Specifically, it is shown that the fully oxidized CeO(2) thin films undergo slight reduction upon Pt deposition (CeO(1.99)). This effect is enhanced upon annealing (CeO(1.96)), thus indicating facile oxygen release and reverse spillover. The model system is structurally stable up to temperatures exceeding 700 K. The activation of methane is investigated using high-kinetic-energy CH(4) (0.83 eV), generated by a supersonic molecular beam. It is shown that dehydrogenation occurs under rapid formation of CH or C species without detectable amounts of CH(3) being formed, even at low temperatures (100 K). The released hydrogen spills over to the CeO(2) support, which leads to the formation of OH groups. At 200 K and above, the OH groups start to decompose leaving additional Ce(3+) centers behind (CeO(1.97-1.94)). At up to 700 K, carbon deposits are quantitatively removed by reaction with oxygen, which is supplied by reverse spillover from the CeO(2) film, thus leading to substantial reduction of the support (approximately CeO(1.90-1.85)).
In vitro Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activities of N-Substituents of Maleimide by Adamantane and Diamantane (1997)

New N-1-adamantylcitraconimide (compound 1) and N-1-diamantylcitraconimide (compound 2) were synthesized by reaction of citraconic anhydride with 1-aminoadamantane, and 1-aminodiamantane, respectively, followed by imidization with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate. Compound 1, N-1-adamantylmaleimide (compound 3) and N-1-diamantylmaleimide (compound 4) exhibited strong growth-inhibitory activity against four cancer cell lines (Colo 205, Hep G2, SK-BR-3 and Molt-4). Moreover, compound 1 showed relatively specific cytotoxicity against the test tumor cell lines. Compound 2 exhibited growth inhibitory activity against Colo 205, and SK-BR-3 cells, similar to 5-fluorouracil. It was noted that compound 2 showed relatively low cytotoxicity against Molt-4 cells, approximately 42 times lower than 5-fluorouracil. The N-substituents of imides with adamantly substituents have a more potent antitumor activity than the imides with diamantyl substituents. The imides with methyl substituents (compounds 1 and 2) showed relatively higher selectivity against the tested cancer cell lines than the imides without methyl substituents (compounds 3 and 4). Compounds 3 and 4 show good in vitro activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Compound 1 had weak antimicrobial activity against T. mentagrophytes.
Developing and distributing audio applications with Visual Basic and ToolBook (1994)

<span>Visual Basic and ToolBook are powerful environments for developing software, and both support multimedia applications. This paper compares the capabilities of these systems for developing interactive audio applications, and finds that, as always, there are trade-offs to consider. ToolBook provides an environment more akin to that of an authoring system, but is not as parsimonious as Visual Basic when it comes to preparing executable files for distribution to users.</span>
The Ig Heavy Chain 3′ End Confers a Posttranscriptional Processing Advantage to Bcl-2–IgH Fusion RNA in t(14;18) Lymphoma (1998)

The chromosomal translocation t(14;18) in lymphoma leads to an overproduction of the Bcl-2 protein on the basis of increased Bcl-2 mRNA levels. Whereas the juxtaposition of Bcl-2 with the Ig heavy chain locus causes a transcriptional activation, 70% of the lymphomas also produce Bcl-2–Ig fusion RNAs with Ig 3′ ends. Using S1 nuclease protection assays that can discriminate between nuclear RNA precursors and spliced mRNA, we found that the fusion RNAs in t(14;18) cell lines exhibit an additional posttranscriptional processing advantage. Transfection experiments with artificial genes containing various Bcl-2 or Ig 3′ ends show that this effect is (1) related to RNA splicing and/or nucleocytoplasmic transport; (2) independent of transcriptional activation by the heavy chain enhancer; (3) dependent on the presence of the JH-CH and C-γ1 Ig introns; and (4) tissue specific for B cells. This constitutes a novel mechanism of oncogene deregulation unrelated to transcriptional activation or half-life prolongation. The data further support the existence of a tissue-specific posttranscriptional pathway of Ig regulation in B cells.