gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Barriers to outcrossing in alfalfa seed production …flowering alfalfa …field size …bare ground (1971)

Studies of the amount of outcrossing in alfalfa seed fields, as affected by flowering alfalfa, distance, and size of plots, at Davis in 1965 and 1966, indicated that field size probably contributed more toward minimizing contamination than the other factors. However, some evidence indicated that flowering alfalfa, and distance, also reduced the amount of outcrossing. These studies were made in Ranger alfalfa and a white-flowered type.
Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Rnai and Its Use For Cancer Research (2007)

RNAi is a useful tool for functional analysis of genes and developing a potential therapeutic strategy for various diseases including cancers. RNAi can be applied in various forms. HIV vectors are useful for the stable transduction of genes to both replicating and quiescent cells with a broad host tropism, and have been developed for basic and clinical research of gene therapy. HIV vectors can deliver shRNAs for post-transcriptional silencing of specific genes with high efficiency, and have been used to evaluate various genes for their potential involvement in cancer development and malignant features, and may be useful for future cancer gene therapy. Here we describe the development of shRNA-expressing HIV vectors and their use in cancer research, as well as perspectives for their future use in cancer gene therapy.
Milling Characteristics and Qualities of Korean Rice (1990)

With a view to improving the method of rice marketing quality estimation, vaietal milling characteristics and apparent qualities were studied and their statistical interrelationships were computed for 2 years crops, using 22 varieties of Japonica type and Japonica x Indica type (Tongil). The milling yield was the highest for Japonica, while the broken rice yields was the highest for Japa.xInd. type. But bran yield did not show any significant differences among rice types. Milling factors were volume weight of brown rice, dehulling yield, and Polishing yields; the better these factors, the higher the yield. High apparent quality milled rice with high milling yield were produced from rice types whose broken rice, chalked rice, husk yield and bran yield were little and/or low.
A new methodology for the design centering of IC fabrication processes (1991)

The authors describe a practical methodology that can be applied to optimize the process yield of IC fabrication lines. The yield maximization problem is first reformulated into a deterministic design centering problem. Macromodeling and problem decomposition are then applied to solve the design centering problem efficiently. The effectiveness of this methodology is illustrate through a simulation example involving a CMOS process adopted from an industrial line.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative Assay for Human Cytoplasmic Islet Cell Antibodies (1987)

An assay for human islet cell antibodies (ICAs) in serum yielding numerical values and amenable to statistical evaluation has been developed utilizing fluorescence spectrophotomicroscopy (FSPM). The results of the blinded trials by FSPM were compared with those by standard indirect immunofluorescence (IFL). No false-positive or false-negative readings were obtained in 258 observations when the results by FSPM were compared with those by IFL. The intra- and interassay variabilities encountered were not enough to misclassify a specimen. The presence of anti-thyroid, anti-adrenal, or anti-nuclear antibodies did not produce false-positive readings. Twenty-eight additional specimens from diabetic children were also analyzed via three blood group type O pancreases. There was complete agreement concerning the presence or absence of ICA between IFL and FSPM analyses. Analysis of the three pancreases yielded different numbers of results positive for ICA (14/28 vs. 22/28 vs. 15/28, P = .008) in both assays. Thus, selection of pancreatic substrate may influence the outcome of assays for ICA. A matrix of fluorescent microspheres has been devised that allows calibration of the FSPM system. Now, reproducible and comparable readings for ICA values can be obtained from the various reporting laboratories. Should an international reference serum for ICA become available, the remaining problem in the ICA assay, that of substrate (pancreas) variability, should be resolved.
Comparative genomic analyses of the human fungal pathogens <i>Coccidioides</i> and their relatives (2009)

While most Ascomycetes tend to associate principally with plants, the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are primary pathogens of immunocompetent mammals, including humans. Infection results from environmental exposure to Coccidiodies, which is believed to grow as a soil saprophyte in arid deserts. To investigate hypotheses about the life history and evolution of Coccidioides, the genomes of several Onygenales, including C. immitis and C. posadasii; a close, nonpathogenic relative, Uncinocarpus reesii; and a more diverged pathogenic fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, were sequenced and compared with those of 13 more distantly related Ascomycetes. This analysis identified increases and decreases in gene family size associated with a host/substrate shift from plants to animals in the Onygenales. In addition, comparison among Onygenales genomes revealed evolutionary changes in Coccidioides that may underlie its infectious phenotype, the identification of which may facilitate improved treatment and prevention of coccidioidomycosis. Overall, the results suggest that Coccidioides species are not soil saprophytes, but that they have evolved to remain associated with their dead animal hosts in soil, and that Coccidioides metabolism genes, membrane-related proteins, and putatively antigenic compounds have evolved in response to interaction with an animal host.
Transfer of the minus strand of DNA during hepadnavirus replication is not invariable but prefers a specific location (1995)

The current model for replication of duck hepatitis B virus has reverse transcription initiating and copying a UUAC motif within the encapsidation signal, epsilon, near the 5' end of the RNA template. This results in synthesis of four nucleotides of DNA. This short minus-strand DNA product is then transferred to a complementary position, at DR1, near the 3' end of the RNA template. Elongation of minus-strand DNA then ensues. We have examined the transfer of minus-strand DNA during replication of duck hepatitis B virus in cell culture. The initial aim of this work was to examine the effect of mutations at DR1 on the transfer process. We found that when mutations were introduced into the UUAC motif overlapping DR1, the 5' end of minus-DNA no longer mapped to position 2537 but was shifted two or four nucleotides. Mismatches were predicted to exist at the new sites of elongation. Elongation from nucleotide 2537 could be restored in these mutants by making compensatory changes in the UUAC motif within epsilon. This finding led us to examine limitations in the shifting of the site of transfer. When the UUAC motif in epsilon was changed to six different tetranucleotide motifs surrounding position 2537, transfer of minus-strand DNA shifted predictably, albeit inefficiently. Also, when multiple UUAC motifs were introduced near DR1, the UUAC motif at nucleotide 2537 was used preferentially. Overall, our findings confirm the current minus-strand DNA transfer model and demonstrate a marked preference for the site of the transfer.
Larval Therapy: A Novel Treatment in Eliminating Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> From Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2007)

Overuse of antibiotics and the selection of broad- rather than narrow-spectrum agents have contributed to the high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in diabetic foot wounds. Consequently, MRSA is now an endemic in both the community and hospital environments (1,2). We previously highlighted the problem (3) of MRSA colonization in our diabetic foot clinic (40% of S. aureus isolates were MRSA). A follow-up study (4) demonstrated that the number of foot wounds from which MRSA was isolated doubled in a 3-year period. Although terms such as critical colonization are not clearly defined, the risk of MRSA infection and bacteremia in patients with colonized ulcers is recognized (5,6). Furthermore, there is evidence (4) that MRSA colonization of chronic ulcers is associated with delayed healing times. Strategies to eliminate MRSA from colonized wounds are therefore essential and should include the use of simple, low-cost, effective treatments.

Larval therapy is suggested (7) to successfully remove sloughy necrotic tissue from ulcers and to facilitate healing. We hypothesized that larval therapy would eradicate MRSA colonization from diabetic foot ulcers. Here, we report the results of our preliminary …
Postoperative gastroesophageal reflux in different types of digestive tract reconstruction after laparoscopic gastrectomy (2019)

Laparoscopic surgery has been honored as a milestone of the modern surgery in last two decades, especially in the treatment of gastric cancer. The concept of minimally invasive surgery now is more concerned about the preservation of physiological functions, as well as the technical standardization and radical cure of cancer. Reconstruction procedures, as a key factor of laparoscopic gastrectomy, plays a crucial role in the postoperative organ function. Hence, we review some traditional and emerging reconstruction methods of their impact on postoperative gastroesophageal reflux.


Key words: 
Gastric cancer; Laparoscopy; Digestive reconstruction; Gastroesophageal reflux disease
The Waikato range imager (2006)

We are developing a high precision simultaneous full-field acquisition range imager. This device measures range with sub millimetre precision in range simultaneously over a full-field view of the scene. Laser diodes are used to illuminate the scene with amplitude modulation with a frequency of 10MHz up to 100 MHz. The received light is interrupted by a high speed shutter operating in a heterodyne configuration thus producing a low-frequency signal which is sampled with a digital camera. By detecting the phase of the signal at each pixel the range to the scene is determined. We show 3D reconstructions of some viewed objects to demonstrate the capabilities of the ranger.
A 27-MHz digital-to-analog video processor (1988)

The authors describe a circuit intended for the restitution of a digital video signal into its analog red, green, and blue components. Sampling parameters according to CCIR recommendation 601 have been adopted for the digital interface. The circuit consists mainly of a complex digital processing part and three digital-to-analog converters. All of these functions have been implemented in a 38-mm/sup 2/ CMOS chip. The design goal was achieved by the development of an efficient 2- mu m CMOS technology dedicated to analog and digital applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A complex mosaic of high-affinity kainate receptors in rat brain (1993)

The significance for CNS function of glutamate-gated cation channels that exhibit high-affinity kainate sites is not understood. Such receptors, which on dorsal root ganglia and in recombinant systems exhibit currents that rapidly desensitize to kainate application, have not been detected electrophysiologically in the brain. However, a comparison of the distribution of mRNAs encoding five glutamate receptor subunits exhibiting high-affinity kainate sites (GluR-5-GluR-7, KA-1, and KA-2) indicates that high-affinity kainate receptors are most likely involved in all central neuronal circuits of the rat brain. The KA-1 mRNA occurs mainly in the CA3 field of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus, with much lower amounts being found in inner cortical layers, cerebellar Purkinje cells, and white matter (e.g., corpus callosum and anterior commissure). The KA-2 gene is widely expressed in many neuronal nuclei including layers II-VI of neocortex, hippocampal pyramidal (CA1-CA3) and dentate granule cells, septal nuclei such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial preoptic, suprachiasmatic, and ventral medial hypothalamic nuclei, dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus, and cerebellar granule cells. KA-2 mRNA is also found in the pineal gland. GluR-5 transcripts are in the cingulate and piriform cortex, the subiculum, lateral septal nuclei, anteroventral thalamus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, the tegmental nuclei, pontine nuclei, and Purkinje cells. GluR-6 mRNA is most abundant in cerebellar granule cells, with lower levels in caudate-putamen and the pyramidal cell layers and dentate granule cells of hippocampus. The GluR-7 gene is prominently expressed in the inner neocortical layers and some cells in layer II, subiculum, caudate-putamen, reticular thalamus, ventral medial hypothalamic nucleus, pontine nuclei, and in putative stellate/basket cells in the cerebellum. These findings suggest that a complex mosaic of receptor variants underlies the high-affinity kainate receptor in the vertebrate brain.
Phosphorus gettering and intrinsic gettering of nickel in silicon (1984)

High resolution electron microscopy has been used to study the microstructural changes brought about by phoshorus gettering and intrinsic gettering of Ni in Si. Phosphorus gettering proceeds by the formation of SiP particles at the Si/phosphosilicate glass interface, which emit a large concentration of Si interstitials and result in the gettering of Ni to produce NiSi2 particles at the interface. Intrinsic gettering, under the conditions studied, also proceeds by the emission of Si interstitials due to oxygen precipitiation, with no dislocation generation, and results in the production of NiSi2 at the Si/SiO2 interface. It is suggested that the supersaturation of Si interstitials may be responsible for gettering in both cases.
Reliability Comparison of Al2O3 and HfSiON for use as Interpoly Dielectric in Flash Arrays (2006)

For the scaling of embedded floating gate (FG) memories towards the 45nm CMOS generation and beyond, a reduction of the program and erase voltages is required. A solution is the use of high-k inter-poly dielectrics (IPD) to increase the coupling of the control gate (CG) to the FG. Compared with standard IPD materials like oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO), materials with higher k-values give a better coupling, but have generally lower tunnel barriers, which can cause data retention issues. Examples of CMOS compatible high-k materials are Hf-based compounds like HfSiON or HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . Although the k-value of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> is lower than for the Hf-based materials, it has higher tunnel barriers for electrons and holes, which is important for high temperature data retention. In this paper, the authors present for the first time flash arrays with Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> IPD. The fact that the data were collected on arrays with sizes up to 26kbit greatly improves the relevance in comparison with single cell studies. The cells with Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> were benchmarked against cells with HfSiON IPD. A lifetime of 10 years at 125degC was derived for 15nm Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> IPD, which should be compared with a lifetime of 10 years at 80degC that was found for 25nm HfSiON in a previous study (van Duuren, et al, 2006)
Relative potency of (-)- and (+-)-salbutamol on guinea pig tracheal tissue (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelative potency of (-)- and (+-)-salbutamol on guinea pig tracheal tissueClifford J. Hawkins and Klease Gregory T.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 7, 856–857Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00265a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00265a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protein phosphorylation mediated by IL-2/IL-2 receptor <i>beta</i>-chain interaction. (1988)

We previously found that IL-2 rapidly induced protein phosphorylation of a 67-kDa (pp67) and four 63-kDa (pp63s) cellular proteins in various T cells. Here, we show that the IL-2-stimulated phosphorylation is mediated by the IL-2R beta-chain composed of the high affinity IL-2R, and induced by activation of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C (PKC). The IL-2-stimulated phosphorylation was always observed in various T cell lines bearing high affinity IL-2R, but never observed in cells which express only low affinity IL-2R consisted of alpha-chain alone. When the expression of high affinity IL-2R was modified by anti-IL-2R mAb for reducing the affinity to 8- to 10-fold lower without affecting the sites of IL-2R, the effective dose of IL-2 on phosphorylation of pp67 increased 8 to 10 times. When cells were treated with pronase, approximately 95% sites of low affinity IL-2R were selectively decreased, but the IL-2 dose dependency for pp67 phosphorylation was little affected. These data exactly suggest that protein phosphorylation in response to IL-2 such as pp67 and pp63s, is mediated by high affinity but not low affinity IL-2R. Furthermore, the IL-2-stimulated phosphorylation of these proteins was also observed in MLA 144 cells which express only low affinity IL-2R consisting of beta-chain alone. In addition, various phorbol esters and tumor promoters, which activate PKC, were also demonstrated to induce the phosphorylation of a pp67 and pp63s in these T cell lines. Therefore, the present study suggests that IL-2/IL-2R beta-chain interaction triggers the phosphorylation of pp67 and pp63s, where the PKC may have an important role.
Factors influencing the 1-g 14C-D-xylose breath test for bacterial overgrowth. (1995)

The 1-g 14C-D-xylose breath test is not a suitable alternative to culture of aspirate for the investigation of subjects for bacterial overgrowth.
Knitted fabrics (1919)

The knitting industry forms an important branch of the textile trade, but it is one of which little is known by many textile manufacturers. The object of the publication of this small manual is to show the great possibilities of the Knitted Fabric which have been recognized in other countries to a much greater extent than in Great Britain. The book is sufficiently tech- nical in character to be useful both to technical students and to those engaged or about to be engaged in the knitting industry.
Molecular Variants of KCNQ Channels Expressed in Murine Portal Vein Myocytes (2003)

We have analyzed the expression of KCNQ genes in murine portal vein myocytes and determined that of the 5 known KCNQ channels, only KCNQ1 was expressed. In addition to the full-length KCNQ1 transcript, a novel spliced form (termed KCNQ1b) was detected that had a 63 amino acid truncation at the C-terminus. KCNQ1b was not detected in heart or brain but represented approximately half the KCNQ1 transcripts expressed in PV. Antibodies specific for KCNQ1a stained cell membranes from portal vein myocytes and HEK cells expressing the channel. However, because the antibodies were generated against an epitope in the deleted, C-terminal portion of the protein, these antibodies did not stain HEK cells expressing KCNQ1b. In murine portal vein myocytes, in the presence of 5 mmol/L 4-aminopyridine, an outwardly rectifying K+ current was recorded that was sensitive to linopirdine, a specific blocker of KCNQ channels. Currents produced by the heterologous expression of KCNQ1a or KCNQ1b were inhibited by similar concentrations of linopirdine, and linopirdine prolonged the time-course of the action potential in isolated portal vein myocytes. Our data suggest that these two KCNQ1 splice forms are expressed in murine portal vein and contribute to the delayed rectifier current in these myocytes.
[Hint and luck for identification of a gene for Fukuyama muscular dystrophy, fukutin]. (2007)

Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), the second most common form of childhood muscular dystrophy in Japan, is an autosomal recessive severe muscular dystrophy, associated with brain anomalies due to neuronal overmigration. By taking advantages of the presence of a consanguineous patient with both FCMD and xeroderma pigmentosum group A, we performed homozygosity mapping using consanguineous FCMD families mainly, and localized the FCMD locus to chromosome 9q31-33. Subsequently, we have identified the gene responsible for FCMD on 9q31, which encodes a novel 461-amino-acid protein termed fukutin. Most FCMD-bearing chromosomes are derived from a single ancestral founder (87%), and a 3kb-retrotransposal insertion was found to be a founder mutation. Two independent point mutations in this gene have also been detected on chromosomes carrying the non-founder haplotype. FCMD is the first human disease to be caused by an ancient retrotransposal integration. We further identified the gene for muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease, which encodes POMGnT1. Recent studies have revealed that posttranslational modification of alpha-dystroglycan is associated with congenital muscular dystrophy with brain malformations. Since hypoglycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan is common amongst several other disorders, a new clinical entity called alpha-dystroglycanopathy is proposed. However, only POMGnT1 (MEB) and POMT1 (WWS) are shown to have a definite enzymatic activity, and no enzymatic activity has been detected in fukutin. We show positive interactions between fukutin and POMGnT1. Fukutin may form a protein complex with POMGnT1 and modulate POMGnT1's enzymatic activity. Through cDNA microarray, we also show aberrant neuromuscular junction formation and delayed muscle fiber maturation in alpha-dystroglycanopathies, suggesting a new pathomechanism.