gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth Characteristics, Bile Sensitivity, and Freeze Damage in Colonial Variants of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> (1981)

Rough (R) and smooth (S) colonial variants were isolated from a heterogeneous culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus RL8K. R and S types were stable upon repeated transfer on agar, but revertant colonies did appear after broth transfers. When propagated in commercial MRS broth, R and S cultures showed similar growth characteristics, and both cell types were insensitive to freezing and frozen storage at -20 degrees C. Alternatively, during growth in scratch MRS broth, R cultures shifted to a reduced rate of growth during the late logarithmic phase. R cells grown under these conditions were susceptible to death by freezing and injury at -20 degrees C. Microscopically, R cells were observed as long gram-positive rods with small nonstainable blebs protruding from the cell wall. In bile sensitivity studies of R and S cells plated on MRS agar plus oxgall, the S culture was resistant to 1% bile, whereas the R culture was sensitive to 0.6% bile. Differences in the bile resistance and freeze damage of R and S cells suggest that colonial and cellular morphologies are important considerations for the selection of Lactobacillus strains as dietary adjuncts and for the development of growth conditions for preparing frozen concentrated cultures from either cell type.
An Automatic Control System for Compensating Cross-Polarization Coupling in Frequency-Reuse Communication Systems (1976)

In frequency-reuse communication systems using orthogonally polarized waves, depolarization due mainly to rain and Faraday rotation (in satellite systems) reduces channel isolation. The control system described, incorporating a network suggested by T. S. Chu, automatically compensates for cross-polarization coupling without using iterative methods or computations. Control voltages are generated on the receive side by phase-sensitive demodulation of beacons contained in the communication channels. Slightly modified conventional tracking receivers may be used for the demodulation. The system can be used for the reception of dual linear or dual circular polarizations without modification. An analysis of the control system behavior is given and a method for automatic initial balancing of the systemindependent of its initial state-is proposed.
Intellectual property rights and biodiversity conservation: an interdisciplinary analysis of the values of medicinal plants (1996)

List of contributors Preface Acknowledgements 1. Diversity and sustainability: evolution, information and institutions Timothy Swanson Part A. Plant Communities and the Generation of Information: 2. Chemical diversity in plants Linda Fellows and Anthony Scofield 3. Ethnobotany and the search for balance between use and conservation Jennie Wood Sheldon and Michael J. Balick Part B. The Value of Plant-Generated Information in Pharmaceuticals: 4. The pharmaceutical discovery process Georg Albers-Schonberg 5. The role of plant screening and plant supply in biodiversity conservation, drug development and health care Bruce Aylward 6. The economic value of plant-based pharmaceuticals David Pearce and Seema Puroshothaman Part C. The Institutions for Regulating Information from Diversity: 7. The appropriation of evolution's values: an institutional analysis of intellectual property regimes and biodiversity conservation Timothy Swanson 8. Preserving biodiversity: the role of property rights Ian Walden Part D. The Importance of Cultural Diversity in Biodiversity Conservation: 9. Medicinal plants, indigenous medicine and conservation of biodiversity in Ghana Katrina Brown 10. Biodiversity and the conservation of medicinal plants: issues from the perspective of the developing world Mohamed Khalil Index.
Battery‐Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices: Recent Progress and Future Prospects (2017)

Design and fabrication of electrochemical energy storage systems with both high energy and power densities as well as long cycling life is of great importance. As one of these systems, Battery-supercapacitor hybrid device (BSH) is typically constructed with a high-capacity battery-type electrode and a high-rate capacitive electrode, which has attracted enormous attention due to its potential applications in future electric vehicles, smart electric grids, and even miniaturized electronic/optoelectronic devices, etc. With proper design, BSH will provide unique advantages such as high performance, cheapness, safety, and environmental friendliness. This review first addresses the fundamental scientific principle, structure, and possible classification of BSHs, and then reviews the recent advances on various existing and emerging BSHs such as Li-/Na-ion BSHs, acidic/alkaline BSHs, BSH with redox electrolytes, and BSH with pseudocapacitive electrode, with the focus on materials and electrochemical performances. Furthermore, recent progresses in BSH devices with specific functionalities of flexibility and transparency, etc. will be highlighted. Finally, the future developing trends and directions as well as the challenges will also be discussed; especially, two conceptual BSHs with aqueous high voltage window and integrated 3D electrode/electrolyte architecture will be proposed.
Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry: State of the Art, New Trends, and a Vision of the Future (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Antimicrobial Agents Antiviral Agents Systemic and Metabolic Diseases Including Inflammation Metal Chelating Agents Antiarthritic Drugs and Inflammation Bipolar Disorder Anticancer Agents Small Molecule Delivery and Control Diagnostic Agents Veterinary Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Conclusions and Vision
Bio‐diesel lubricity: correlation study with residual acidity (2007)

Abstract Bio‐diesel has been accepted as a renewable liquid biofuel worldwide. In order to ensure customers' acceptance, standardisation and quality assurance are the key factors to the market introduction of bio‐diesel as a transport fuel. Lubricity of bio‐diesel is an important issue and it is well reported that 1–2% bio‐diesel is sufficient to maintain the lubricity of diesel even of very poor lubricity. However, a wide variation in lubricity performance of bio‐diesel from different vegetable oils and sources has been noticed. In addition, on critical examination, it was noticed that the variation in the lubricating performance of bio‐diesel could be better linked to its residual acidity than to variation in fatty acid composition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PCR-based screening for cystic fibrosis carrier mutations in an ethnically diverse pregnant population. (1990)

As the most common lethal autosomal recessive disorder in North America, cystic fibrosis (CF) is an obvious candidate for general population carrier screening. Although the identification of the causative gene has made detection of asymptomatic carriers possible, the extreme heterogeneity of its mutations has limited the sensitivity of the available DNA screening tests and has called into question their utility when they are applied to patients with no family history of the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the technical feasibility, patient acceptance and understanding, and psychosocial impact of large-scale CF carrier screening in an ethnically diverse pregnant population. A total of 4,739 pregnant women attending prenatal clinics located in both an academic medical center and a large HMO were invited in person to participate. Of this group, 3,543 received CF instruction and assessments of knowledge and mood, and 3,192 underwent DNA testing for the six most common CF mutations, by means of a noninvasive PCR-based reverse-dot-blot method. Overall participation rates (ranging from 53% at the HMO to 77% at the academic center) and consent rates for DNA testing after CF instruction (>98%) exceeded those of most other American studies. The PCR-based screening method worked efficiently on large numbers of samples, and 55 carriers and one at-risk couple were identified. Understanding of residual risk, anxiety levels, and overall satisfaction with the program were acceptable across all ethnic groups. Our strategy of approaching a motivated pregnant population in person with a rapid and noninvasive testing method may provide a practical model for developing a larger CF screening program targeting appropriate high-risk groups at the national level, and may also serve as a paradigm for population-based screening of other genetically heterogeneous disorders in the future.
Energy Density of Cylindrical Li-Ion Cells: A Comparison of Commercial 18650 to the 21700 Cells (2018)

The standard format for cylindrical Li-ion cells is about to change from 18650-type cells (18mm diameter, 65mm height) to 21700-type cells (21mm diameter, 70mm height). We investigated the properties of five 18650 cells, three of the first commercially available 21700, and three types of the similar 20700 cells in detail. In particular, the (i) specific energy/energy density and electrode thickness, (ii) electrode area and cell resistance, (iii) specific energy as a function of discharge C-rate, as well as (iv) heating behavior due to current flow are analyzed. Finally, the production effort for cells and packs are roughly estimated for 21700 cells compared to 18650 cells.
Role for Lyn Tyrosine Kinase as a Regulator of Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Activity in Response to DNA Damage (2000)

The cellular response to DNA damage includes activation of the nuclear Lyn protein tyrosine kinase. Using cells deficient in Lyn expression, the present studies demonstrate that Lyn is required in part for induction of the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) in the response to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and other genotoxic agents. By contrast, exposure of Lyn-deficient cells to ara-C, ionizing radiation, or cisplatin had no effect on activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Similar findings were obtained in cells stably expressing a kinase-inactive, dominant-negative Lyn(K-R) mutant. Coexpression studies demonstrate that Lyn, but not Lyn(K-R), induces SAPK activity. In addition, the results demonstrate that Lyn activates SAPK by an MKK7-dependent, SEK1-independent mechanism. As MEKK1 functions upstream to MKK7 and SAPK, the finding that a dominant-negative MEKK1(K-M) mutant blocks Lyn-induced SAPK activity supports involvement of the MEKK1-->MKK7 pathway. The results also demonstrate that inhibition of Lyn-induced SAPK activity abrogates the apoptotic response of cells to genotoxic stress. These findings indicate that activation of SAPK by DNA damage is mediated in part by Lyn and that the Lyn-->MEKK1-->MKK7-->SAPK pathway is functional in the induction of apoptosis by genotoxic agents.
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae GD201008-001, Isolated in China from Tilapia with Meningoencephalitis (2012)

This work describes a whole-genome sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae strain GD201008-001, a pathogen causing meningoencephalitis in cultural tilapia in China. The genome sequence provides opportunities to understand the piscine GBS pathogenicity and its genetic basis associated with host tropism.
Frequency-Domain Equalization of Audio Systems Using Digital Filters, Part 1: Basics of Filter Design (1998)

Digital filters are presented which are designed to equalize frequency-domain characteristics such as, for example, the magnitude and phase responses of analog systems which are parts of combined analog and digital audio signal processing. A unified frequency-domain equalization approach is introduced. Basic filter design principles such as minimax and least-squares filters, tolerance schemes, as well as simultaneous equalization of magnitude and phase responses by recursive and nonrecursive digital filters are studied. Several design methods and available software in the areas of identification, approximation, and optimization are presented. Short comments on the relations between complex approximation and simultaneous approximation of magnitude and phase responses as well as a comparison of phase approximation by recursive and nonrecursive filters are offered. A second part will contain examples and will illuminate some important aspects of practical equalization.
Mouse Models of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2015)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe pulmonary reaction requiring hospitalization, which is incited by many causes, including bacterial and viral pneumonia as well as near drowning, aspiration of gastric contents, pancreatitis, intravenous drug use, and abdominal trauma. In humans, ARDS is very well defined by a list of clinical parameters. However, until recently no consensus was available regarding the criteria of ARDS that should be evident in an experimental animal model. This lack was rectified by a 2011 workshop report by the American Thoracic Society, which defined the main features proposed to delineate the presence of ARDS in laboratory animals. These should include histological changes in parenchymal tissue, altered integrity of the alveolar capillary barrier, inflammation, and abnormal pulmonary function. Murine ARDS models typically are defined by such features as pulmonary edema and leukocyte infiltration in cytological preparations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and/or lung sections. Common pathophysiological indicators of ARDS in mice include impaired pulmonary gas exchange and histological evidence of inflammatory infiltrates into the lung. Thus, morphological endpoints remain a vital component of data sets assembled from animal ARDS models.
Tracking airborne targets occasionally hidden in the blind Doppler (2001)

This paper describes an application of sequential Monte Carlo estimation (particle filtering) to the problem of tracking targets occasionally hidden in the blind Doppler zones of a radar. A particle filter which incorporates the prior knowledge of the blind Doppler zone limits has been designed. The simulation results suggest significant improvement in track continuity over the standard Extended Kalman filter. As an operationally viable solution a hybrid tracker is envisaged which can switch between the EKF (with possible built-in data association logic) and the particle filter, depending on the tracking conditions.
Citrulline metabolism during pregnancy in wild type and <i>spf‐ash</i> carrier mice (2008)

A reduction in circulating levels of citrulline (CIT) has been reported in women towards the end of gestation which, in animal models, has been shown to be due to a reduced ability of mitochondria to synthesize CIT. To test the hypothesis that CIT and nitric oxide (NO) production were reduced during pregnancy, wild type and spf‐ash (ornithine transcarbamylase deficient) carrier female mice were studied at different stages during pregnancy. A primed‐continuous infusion of 15 N 2 ‐arginine and 13 C D 4 citrulline was conducted before conception, and on days 10 and 20 of gestation. Plasma CIT concentration was reduced (40.2, 20.6 and 11.8 μmol/L, d0, d10 and d10 respectively; P < 0.001) as pregnancy progressed; however, arginine concentration was only reduced in spf‐ash carriers on d20 (P < 0.04). A lower plasma CIT concentration was observed in spf‐ash carrier females (20.4 vs 28.5 μmol/L, P < 0.05). Other essential amino acids did not change (BCAA, P = 0.20) or decreased (phenylalanine, P <0.001) during pregnancy. There was a significant effect of gestation length (P < 0.001), phenotype (P < 0.001) and interaction (P < 0.03) on CIT entry rate. Arginine entry rate, however, increased (P < 0.001) during midgestation. The production of NO was only reduced in spf‐ash carrier female at the end of gestation (1.4 vs 4.8 μmol·kg −1 ·h −1 ). Despite reduced levels of CIT toward the end of gestation, WT mice were able to maintain NO production.
ChemInform Abstract: Anti‐Cocaine Catalytic Antibodies: A Synthetic Approach to Improved Antibody Diversity. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deaths: injuries, 2002. (2006)

Injury mortality data presented in this report using the external cause-of-injury mortality matrix for ICD-10 provide detail on the mechanism of death needed for research and other activities related to injury prevention. This report highlights the importance of multiple causes-of-death data when analyzing injury mortality--special attention is given to the issue of accuracy and completeness of information as it pertains to these data. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is involved in several ongoing projects related to the study of injury and injury mortality.
Robust, distributed references and acyclic garbage collection (1992)

We propose efficient, programming language-independent, location-transparent references as a substitute for pointers in distributed applications. These references provide the semantics of normal pointers for both local and distributed, transient and persistent objects. They may be passed in messages between and within nodes using a low-overhead presentation-layer protocol. of thousands of nodes connected using both local and wide-area networks.
Synthesis of Chalcopyrite Semiconductors and Their Solid Solutions by Microwave Irradiation (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Chalcopyrite Semiconductors and Their Solid Solutions by Microwave IrradiationChristopher C. Landry, Jason Lockwood, and Andrew R. BarronCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 4, 699–706Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00052a015https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00052a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views786Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>N</i>‐phenylglycine‐(thio)xanthene dye photoinitiating system and application to photopolymer for visible laser exposure (1989)

Abstract It was found that the bimolecular type photoinitiators consisting of N ‐phenylglycine and (thio)xanthene dyes exhibited high initiating efficiency on irradiation of visible light. From the time‐resolved spectroscopic study, the free radical is formed by the sensitized decarboxylation of N ‐phenylglycine in the presence of (thio)xanthene dye. By using these initiating systems, the visible laser sensitive photopolymer was prepared and the imaging characteristics were evaluated.
Tunable Plasmon Coupling in Distance-Controlled Gold Nanoparticles (2012)

Plasmons are resonant excitations in metallic films and nanoparticles. For small enough static distances of metal nanoparticles, additional plasmon-coupled modes appear as a collective excitation between the nanoparticles. Here we show, by combining poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) micro- and nanospheres and Au nanoparticles, how to design a system that allows controllably and reversibly switching on and off, and tuning the plasmon-coupled mode.
Self‐Assembled α‐Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Mesocrystals/Graphene Nanohybrid for Enhanced Electrochemical Capacitors (2014)

Self-assembled α-Fe2O3 mesocrystals/graphene nanohybrids have been successfully synthesized and have a unique mesocrystal porous structure, a large specific surface area, and high conductivity. Mesocrystal structures have recently attracted unparalleled attention owing to their promising application in energy storage as electrochemical capacitors. However, mesocrystal/graphene nanohybrids and their growth mechanism have not been clearly investigated. Here we show a facile fabrication of short rod-like α-Fe2O3 mesocrystals/graphene nanohybrids by self-assembly of FeOOH nanorods as the primary building blocks on graphene under hydrothermal conditions, accompanied and promoted by concomitant phase transition from FeOOH to α-Fe2O3. A systematic study of the formation mechanism is also presented. The galvanostatic charge/discharge curve shows a superior specific capacitance of the as-prepared α-Fe2O3 mesocrystals/graphene nanohybrid (based on total mass of active materials), which is 306.9 F g(-1) at 3 A g(-1) in the aqueous electrolyte under voltage ranges of up to 1 V. The nanohybrid with unique sufficient porous structure and high electrical conductivity allows for effective ion and charge transport in the whole electrode. Even at a high discharge current density of 10 A g(-1), the enhanced ion and charge transport still yields a higher capacitance (98.2 F g(-1)), exhibiting enhanced rate capability. The α-Fe2O3 mesocrystal/graphene nanohybrid electrode also demonstrates excellent cyclic performance, which is superior to previously reported graphene-based hematite electrode, suggesting it is highly stable as an electrochemical capacitor.
Access Time Analysis for IEEE P1687 (2011)

The IEEE P1687 (IJTAG) standard proposal aims at providing a standardized interface between the IEEE Standard 1149.1 test access port (TAP) and on-chip embedded test, debug and monitoring logic (instruments), such as scan chains and temperature sensors. A key feature in P1687 is to include Segment Insertion Bits (SIBs) in the scan path to allow flexibility both in designing the instrument access network and in scheduling the access to instruments. This paper presents algorithms to compute the overall access time (OAT) for a given P1687 network. The algorithms are based on analysis for flat and hierarchical network architectures, considering two access schedules, i.e., concurrent schedule and sequential schedule. In the analysis, two types of overhead are identified, i.e., network configuration data overhead and JTAG protocol overhead. The algorithms are implemented and employed in a parametric analysis and in experiments on realistic industrial designs.
Address generation for array access based on modulus m counters (1991)

The necessary task of Address Generation for RAM and ROM accesses can often result in hardware taking up an appreciable fraction of the area of a data processing IC. Close examination of the address sequences can reveal symmetry which may be exploited to automatically devise small and simple address generators, based on counters. This paper will describe automated techniques used to recognise and develop symmetries in address sequences, and to synthesise the necessary address generation hardware.