gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Carboxyl-Terminal Region of IκB Kinase γ (IKKγ) Is Required for Full IKK Activation (2002)

IkappaB kinase gamma (IKKgamma) (also known as NEMO, Fip-3, and IKKAP-1) is the essential regulatory component of the IKK complex; it is required for NF-kappaB activation by various stimuli, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 (IL-1), phorbol esters, lipopolysaccharides, and double-stranded RNA. IKKgamma is encoded by an X-linked gene, deficiencies in which may result in two human genetic disorders, incontinentia pigmenti (IP) and hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with severe immunodeficiency. Subsequent to the linkage of IKKgamma deficiency to IP, we biochemically characterized the effects of a mutation occurring in an IP-affected family on IKK activity and NF-kappaB signaling. This particular mutation results in premature termination, such that the variant IKKgamma protein lacks its putative C-terminal Zn finger and, due to decreased mRNA stability, is underexpressed. Correspondingly, IKK and NF-kappaB activation by TNF-alpha and, to a lesser extent, IL-1 are reduced. Mutagenesis of the C-terminal region of IKKgamma was performed in an attempt to define the role of the putative Zn finger and other potential functional motifs in this region. The mutants were expressed in IKKgamma-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) at levels comparable to those of endogenous IKKgamma in wild-type MEFs and were able to associate with IKKalpha and IKKbeta. Substitution of two leucines within a C-terminal leucine zipper motif markedly reduced IKK activation by TNF-alpha and IL-1. Another point mutation resulting in a cysteine-to-serine substitution within the putative Zn finger motif affected IKK activation by TNF-alpha but not by IL-1. These results may explain why cells that express these or similar mutant alleles are sensitive to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis despite being able to activate NF-kappaB in response to other stimuli.
Impaired glial glutamate transport in a mouse tuberous sclerosis epilepsy model (2003)

Excessive astrocytosis in cortical tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) suggests that astrocytes may be important for epileptogenesis in TSC. We previously demonstrated that astrocyte-specific Tsc1 gene inactivation in mice (Tsc1 cKO mice) results in progressive epilepsy. Here, we report that glutamate transporter expression and function is impaired in Tsc1 cKO astrocytes. Tsc1 cKO mice exhibit decreased GLT-1 and GLAST protein expression. Electrophysiological assays demonstrate a functional decrease in glutamate transport currents of Tsc1 cKO astrocytes in hippocampal slices and astrocyte cultures. These findings suggest that Tsc1 inactivation in astrocytes causes dysfunctional glutamate homeostasis, leading to seizure development in TSC.
Pharmacokinetics of cefpodoxime in young and elderly volunteers after single doses (1990)

Three pharmacokinetic studies involving single oral doses of cefpodoxime proxetil in healthy volunteers are reported. The first study was to determine the absolute bioavailability of cefpodoxime, the second was to study the relationship between the oral dose of cefpodoxime proxetil and pharmacokinetic parameters of cefpodoxime, and the third was to compare the pharmacokinetics of cefpodoxime in healthy young and elderly volunteers. Half the dose of cefpodoxime orally administered as cefpodoxime proxetil in tablet form reaches the systemic circulation, while 80% of the cefpodoxime absorbed is excreted unchanged in urine. The volume of distribution is large (32.3 l). The pharmacokinetics of cefpodoxime were linear in young and elderly subjects after 100 and 200 mg oral doses, which are those used therapeutically. The Cmax was about 1.4 mg/l (after 100 mg) and 2.6 mg/l (after 200 mg). Deviation from linearity appeared at 400 mg and the effect was confirmed at 800 mg. The differences between young and elderly subjects were negligible, with the exception of the half-life which increased by only 14%, from 2.67 to 3 h. Dosage adjustment is therefore not necessary in the elderly.
Heart and lung transplantation for terminal cystic fibrosis. A 4 1/2-year experience. (1991)

From among 112 patients with cystic fibrosis who were assessed for heart-lung transplantation, 83 were accepted. Twenty-six died while awaiting heart-lung transplantation and 32 had the operation. The management and the outcome of these 32 patients is reported. Survival, infection, and rejection rates among these patients were compared with those of 61 patients without cystic fibrosis who underwent heart-lung transplantation between 1984 and 1990. The cumulative survival rate was 72.29% +/- 94.91% at 1 year and 55.59% +/- 7.50% at 3 years. The mortality rate was slightly higher in the group with cystic fibrosis during the first year after the operation but it was lower at 3 years. The difference, however, could have been due to chance alone (p = 0.308). The same was true for the prevalence of rejection (up to 6 months: chi 2 = 1.8141, p = 0.17), and infection (up to 6 months: chi 2 = 2.20, p = 0.14), between the two groups. It is concluded that cystic fibrosis does not constitute an additional risk in terms of survival and morbidity after heart-lung transplantation.
Thirty years of critical care medicine (2010)

Critical care medicine is a relatively young but rapidly evolving specialty. On the occasion of the 30th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, we put together some thoughts from a few of the leaders in critical care who have been actively involved in this field over the years. Looking back over the last 30 years, we reflect on areas in which, despite large amounts of research and technological and scientific advances, no major therapeutic breakthroughs have been made. We then look at the process of care and realize that, here, huge progress has been made. Lastly, we suggest how critical care medicine will continue to evolve for the better over the next 30 years.
Parallel lossless data compression on the GPU (2012)

We present parallel algorithms and implementations of a bzip2-like lossless data compression scheme for GPU architectures. Our approach parallelizes three main stages in the bzip2 compression pipeline: Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), move-to-front transform (MTF), and Huffman coding. In particular, we utilize a two-level hierarchical sort for BWT, design a novel scan-based parallel MTF algorithm, and implement a parallel reduction scheme to build the Huffman tree. For each algorithm, we perform detailed performance analysis, discuss its strengths and weaknesses, and suggest future directions for improvements. Overall, our GPU implementation is dominated by BWT performance and is 2.78× slower than bzip2, with BWT and MTF-Huffman respectively 2.89× and 1.34× slower on average.
Space-time processing for broadband wireless access (2002)

We present an overview of research activities on space-time coding for broadband wireless transmission performed at AT&T Shannon Laboratory over the past two years. The emphasis is on physical layer modem algorithms such as channel estimation, equalization, and interference cancellation. However, we also discuss the impact of space-time coding gains at the physical layer on throughput at or above the networking layer. Furthermore, we describe a flexible graphical user interface attached to our physical layer simulation engine in order to explore the performance of space-time codes under a variety of practical transmission scenarios. Simulation results for the EDGE cellular system and the 802.11 wireless LAN environment are presented.
The Magnetically Focused Radial Beam Vacuum Tube (1944)

A new type of vacuum tube is described in which a flat radial beam of electrons in a cylindrical structure may be made to rotate about the axis. Features of the tube are its absence of an internal focusing structure and resultant simplicity of design, its small size, its low voltages, and its high beam currents. The focusing of the beams and their directional control are accomplished by the magnetic fields in small polyphase motor stators. A time division multiplex signaling system for 30 channels using these tubes is briefly described.
Scheduling Network PerformanceMonitoring in The Cloud (2017)

New trends in the market, adapted to service oriented consumption models, haveunfolded new opportunities in how we monitor network performance. This thesis,introduces a new containerized, decentralized and concurrent scheduler for activenetwork performance monitoring called Controlled Priority Scheduling (CPS). Thescheduler is implemented to suit the container monitoring platform, ConMon. Thescheduler is implemented to run inside distributed containers, where the purpose isto deploy the scheduling container on the same host as the running application.Performing the monitoring in such way gives a better understanding of the networkperformance an application can utilize, compared to the capacity the network canoffer. The CPS scheduler showed an improved monitoring time granularity whencompared too other distributed and decentralized schedulers. In addition, CPSmanages to perform a consistent, near-cyclic monitoring pattern, over a dynamicallyadaptable monitoring cluster, without causing any monitoring conflicts.
A pragmatist approach to transdisciplinarity in sustainability research: From complex systems theory to reflexive science (2014)

The importance of questioning the values, background assumptions, and normative orientations shaping sustainability research has been increasingly acknowledged, particularly in the context of transdisciplinary research, which aims to integrate knowledge from various scientific and societal bodies of knowledge. Nonetheless, the concept of reflexivity underlying transdisciplinary research is not sufficiently clarified and, as a result, is hardly able to support the development of social learning and social experimentation processes needed to support sustainability transitions. In particular, the concept of reflexivity is often restricted to building social legitimacy for the results of a new kind of ‘complex systems science’, with little consideration of the role of non-scientific expertise and social innovators in the design of the research practice itself. The key hypothesis of the paper is that transdisciplinary research would benefit from adopting a pragmatist approach to reflexivity. Such an approach relates reflexivity to collective processes of problem framing and problem solving through joint experimentation and social learning that directly involve the scientific and extra-scientific expertise. To test this hypothesis, the paper proposes a framework for analysing the different types of reflexive processes that play role in transdisciplinary research. The main conclusion of the analysis is the need to combine conventional consensus-oriented deliberative approaches to reflexivity with more open-ended, action-oriented transformative approaches.
Self-whitening algorithms for adaptive equalization and deconvolution (1999)

In equalization and deconvolution tasks, the correlated nature of the input signal slows the convergence speeds of stochastic gradient adaptive filters. Prewhitening techniques have been proposed to improve the convergence performance, but the additional coefficient memory and updates for the prewhitening filter can be prohibitive in some applications. We present two simple algorithms that employ the equalizer as a prewhitening filter within the gradient updates. These self-whitening algorithms provide quasi-Newton convergence locally about the optimum coefficient solution for deconvolution and equalization tasks. Multichannel extensions of the techniques are also described.
Electrical stimulation of leg muscles increases tibial trabecular bone formation in unloaded rats (1995)

Rat head-down hindlimb suspension (HS) has been shown to induce hindlimb cancellous bone loss. As HS is known to associate unloading with progressive disappearance of hindlimb muscle contractions, we investigated whether persisting muscle motion could modify suspension-induced bone disorders or even prevent them. Chronic electrical stimulation (ES) was applied to leg muscles of rats during 3-wk hindlimb suspension, the lack of support for hindlimbs maintaining a hypodynamic situation. The histomorphometric characteristics of the proximal tibial metaphysis were analyzed. At the end of this protocol of combined suspension and stimulation, trabecular bone loss remained similar to that of nonstimulated HS animals. However, trabecular bone cell activity parameters showed greater bone formation after muscle stimulation in unloaded animals, with significantly increased osteoblastic, osteoid, and mineralizing surfaces. In addition, periosteal mineral apposition rate and cancellous bone formation rate, markedly decreased by suspension, were not significantly different in suspended stimulated compared with normal loaded animals. This enhanced formation activity could be related to persistence of muscle activity, as shown by partial preservation of muscle mass. However, direct electrical effects on bone cannot be excluded. Thus, despite muscle stimulation, with enhanced bone formation, isolated suppression of hypokinesia has not been able to counteract bone effects of unloading. This finding supports the hypothesis of the importance of mechanical loading to maintain bone architecture.
Fertility control with long-acting injectable steroids. A preliminary report. (1966)

310 Mexican women were given single injections of 200-1000 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or as a combination of 150 mg of MPA plus 40 mg estradiol polyphosphate to test the acceptability of an injectable method of fertility control. Pregnancies occurred in 3 women after a single injection 10-11 months previous to conception. The main side effect was unpredictable menstrual behavior. Supplementary oral estrogen was given to reestablish regular uterine bleeding. Other side effects did not constitute a significant factor in patient acceptance. Lactation was not interfered with by the drug.
Photocleavage of Poly(methyl acrylate) with Centrally Located <i>o</i>-Nitrobenzyl Moiety: Influence of Environment on Kinetics (2015)

We characterized the kinetics of a photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl (ONB)-modified poly(methyl acrylate) in solution and in film. Using atom transfer radical polymerization, a single photolabile ONB group was incorporated into the center of the polymer chain, resulting in a clearly defined photoresponse. The photocleavage behavior was characterized in three difference solvents and in film, and it was fit to an exponential model. The dependence of the reaction rate constants and quantum efficiency on the interaction parameter between the solvent and the polymer (χ12) and the molecular weight was investigated. Interestingly, as χ12 decreased, the reaction rate increased and the quantum efficiency increased.
Ag Nanoparticle-decorated graphene quantum dots for label-free, rapid and sensitive detection of Ag+ and biothiols (2012)

We demonstrate a novel, rapid and label-free assay for the detection of Ag(+) and biothiols with high sensitivity and selectivity by utilization of Ag nanoparticle-decorated graphene quantum dots.
Fine coal dewatering using pH- and temperature‐sensitive superabsorbent polymers (1997)

Water is a necessary medium in most coal preparation processes, but its presence in the final product has a negative impact on transporation costs, handling and specific energy value. A major contribution to the total moisture content may be attributed to the proportion of fine coal in the total product, which presents the greatest dewatering problem. This paper describes a novel process that seeks to reduce the moisture content of fine coal cakes to a level comparable to that achieved by thermal drying. In this process, superabsorbent polymers, which are granular highly crosslinked synthetic copolymers with excellent water-absorbing properties, are employed to draw water from moist fine coal. The drying or dewatering process is characterized by three main stages: (a) contacting of superabsorbents with high-moisture fine coal; (b) separation of dried fine coal from superabsorbents by screening; and (c) regeneration of used superabsorbent polymer, taking advantage of its response to changes in such conditions as pH, temperature or electric field. Depending on the polymer type, the dosage and the polymer/coal contact time, the moisture content of coal filter cake can readily be reduced from, say, 25% to 10% by mass or less. The results of laboratory and pilot scale tests conducted using pH- and temperature-sensitive superabsorbent polymers are discussed in this paper. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decoder-assisted frame synchronization for packet transmission (2001)

This paper proposes a novel frame synchronization methodology for packets with convolutionally encoded data. Rather than by placing sync bits in a separate header, the sync bits are placed in a midamble and encoded as part of the data sequence, using the error correction encoder to resolve time ambiguities. The scheme is based on the principle that an error in trellis termination may result in decoding a wrong information bit sequence, while the starting portion of the sequence can be decoded as error free. This frame synchronization technique is extended to the synchronization of turbo-coded systems using a list-based approach, where the first synchronizer provides a list of potential packet starting positions, and the following synchronizer makes the final decision. The performance improvement over conventional synchronization techniques is quantified via simulation.
PC Based X-Ray Imaging System (1988)

Videodiscs have introduced new capabilities in electronic storage including the publication of medical image databases. However, in several research programs conducted by the Lister Hill Center, evaluators found that videodiscs mastered in the standard NTSC television format did not deliver sufficient spatial and brightness resolution to reproduce medical images, such as radiographs, accurately enough for diagnostic usage. To explore techniques to upgrade the quality of medical monochrome images, a PC-based X-Ray Imaging System (XRIS) with CD-ROM storage and a standard video display was developed. XRIS was used as a test bed to evaluate digital storage as a means to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of electronically stored radiographs, and investigate the application of windowed imagingdisplay techniques to improve the spatial resolution. The system was designed for compatibility with small computer-controlled retrieval software and low cost NTSC displays. Test results showed that the XRIS prototype delivers improved image quality over the analog videodisc case both in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution.
A pilot clinical/pharmacological study of the protein kinase C-specific inhibitor safingol alone and in combination with doxorubicin. (1997)

We performed a pilot clinical trial with safingol (L-threo-dihydrosphingosine), a protein kinase C-specific inhibitor that potentiates the effect of doxorubicin (DOX) in tumor-bearing animals. Safingol was initially administered as a 1-h infusion at escalating doses. Fourteen days later, patients received the same dose of safingol in combination with a fixed dose of DOX. The combination was repeated at 3-week intervals. Safingol dose levels ranged from 15 to 120 mg/m2. The plasma levels achieved at the final dose level were comparable to those associated with potentiation of DOX in animals. The mean Cmax and area under the curve for safingol at the 120 mg/m2 dose level were 1040 +/- 196 ng/ml and 1251 +/- 317 mg x h/ml, respectively. The mean plasma half-life for safingol was 3.97 +/- 2.51 h, the mean estimated clearance was 3140 +/- 765 ml/min, and the mean volume of distribution was of 995 +/- 421 liters. Coadministration of a fixed dose of DOX did not significantly change the pharmacokinetics of safingol, nor did increasing doses of safingol significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of DOX. Minor responses were observed in three patients with pancreatic cancer and one patient with angiosarcoma of the scalp. This pilot Phase I study indicates that the protein kinase C inhibitor safingol can be given safely with 45 mg/m2 of DOX at a dose that is potentially pharmacologically active without dose-limiting toxicity.
Sodium and chloride transport across rabbit ileal brush border. I. Evidence for Na-H exchange (1983)

A series of experiments were performed to demonstrate the presence of and characterize the Na-H exchanger on rabbit ileal brush border with a vesicle preparation. An outwardly directed proton gradient (pH 5.5 inside, pH 7.5 outside) stimulated Na uptake, and a fourfold "overshoot" was observed. Conversely, an inwardly directed proton gradient (pH 7.5 inside, pH 5.5 outside) inhibited Na uptake. This stimulation/inhibition of Na uptake could not be accounted for by a proton diffusion potential, because Na uptake was found to be potential insensitive. Amiloride and harmaline inhibited pH-stimulated Na uptake, but other transport inhibitors (acetazolamide, DIDS, SITS, furosemide, and bumetanide) had no effect. Amiloride also inhibited Na efflux in the presence and absence of a pH gradient. Proton gradient-stimulated Na uptake was saturable with a Km of 16.2 mM and a Vmax of 129 nmol X min-1 X mg protein-1. Tetramethylammonium did not affect pH-stimulated Na uptake, but other cations tested inhibited Na uptake, with NH4+ and Li+ causing greater inhibition than K+ or Cs+. Using the fluorescent probe acridine orange, an inwardly directed Na gradient was shown to stimulate proton efflux from the vesicles and an outwardly directed Na gradient stimulated proton influx.
Assessment of CD8 involvement in T cell clone avidity by direct measurement of HLA‐A2/Mage3 complex density using a high‐affinity TCR like monoclonal antibody (2005)

Peptide affinity for MHC molecules determines the number of MHC/peptide complexes stabilized at the cell surface in in vitro tests or in vaccination protocols. We isolated a high affinity monoclonal antibody specific for the HLA-A2/Mage3 complex that enables an equilibrium binding assay to be performed on T2 cell line loaded with a range of Mage3 peptides. Binding of Mage3 to the HLA-A2 molecule can be modeled by a standard receptor-ligand interaction characterized by an affinity constant. This model enables the measurement of the affinity of other immunogenic peptides for HLA-A2 by a competition test and the calculation of the density of complexes stabilized at the T2 cell surface for all peptide concentrations. Quantification of the HLA-A2/Mage3 complexes at target cell surfaces was used to estimate the number of complexes required to reach cytotoxicity ED50 of human T cell clones sorted from an unprimed repertoire. We confirm with this antibody the direct relationship between clone avidity and TCR affinity, and the moderate contribution of the CD8 co-receptor in the reinforcement of TCR-MHC/peptide contact. Nevertheless, CD8 plays a critical role in the amplification of the specific signal to establish an efficient T cell response at low specific complex densities found in physiological situations.