gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simulation model of 3D crosstalk phenomenon on 3D plasma display with active shutter glasses (2011)

We present a novel simulation model for the 3D crosstalk of plasma displays, which is a partial leaking of the image for the left eye into the right eye and vice versa. It is known that the 3D crosstalk degrades the 3D image quality seriously. In plasma displays, active shutter glasses are used to realize 3D display capability, and the phosphor decay response and the slow rising response of the liquid crystal (LC) shutter lenses influence the 3D crosstalk. In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of 3D crosstalk on plasma displays, and estimate its characteristics using the proposed model. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed model can be used efficiently to optimize the synchronization condition between the display and the active shutter glasses. In addition, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed model by introducing a new material for shutter lenses-ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC)-which has fast switching characteristics and can enhance 3D image quality.
Transcranial measurements of the acoustic field produced by a low frequency focused ultrasound system (2012)

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of the skull on the location, shape and power of the acoustic field produced by a 150 mm radius hemispherical array operating at 220 kHz. We wanted to determine whether phase aberrations were significant at this frequency, the amount of attenuation, and whether CT data could be predictive of the trans-skull field. The effects of five calvaria were evaluated. Acoustic field data and CT scans for each skull specimen were imported into MATLAB® for measurements and visualization in two and three dimensions. We examined the effects of skull density, porosity, thickness, and sonication incident angles, and estimated the relative contributions of longitudinal and shear transmission to the total transmitted power. Power transmission through the skulls varied between 4% and 23% (mean: 12%). The range of focal position shifts was from 0.50 mm to 4.32 mm (mean: 1.95 mm). The 3 dB dimensions of the focused ultrasound (FUS) intensity focal volume increased on average by 39% (low: 4%, high: 122%). The 6 dB pressure focal volume increased by an average of 130 ± 75%. In general, the main effects of the skulls were power reduction, field dispersion and slight shift of focal peak location.
Local-geometric-projection method for noise reduction in chaotic maps and flows (1992)

We describe a method for noise reduction in chaotic systems that is based on projection of the set of points comprising an embedded noisy orbit in ${\mathit{openR}}^{\mathit{d}}$ toward a finite patchwork of best-fit local approximations to an m-dimensional surface M'\ensuremath{\subset}${\mathit{openR}}^{\mathit{d}}$, m\ensuremath{\le}d. We generate the orbits by the delay coordinate construction of Ruelle and Takens [N. H. Packard et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 712 (1980); F. Takens, in Dynamical Systems and Turbulence, Warwick, 1980, edited by D. A. Rand and L.-S. Young (Springer, Berlin, 1981)] from time series v(t), which in an experimental situation we would assume to have come, together with additional high-dimensional background noise, from an underlying dynamical system ${\mathit{f}}^{\mathit{t}}$: M\ensuremath{\rightarrow}M existing on some low m-dimensional manifold M. The surface M' in ${\mathit{openR}}^{\mathit{d}}$ is the assumed embedded image of M. We give results of systematic studies of linear (tangent plane) projection schemes. We describe in detail the basic algorithm for implementing these schemes. We apply the algorithm iteratively to known map and flow time series to which white noise has been added. In controlled studies, we measure the signal-to-noise ratio improvements, iterating ${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{M}}$ times until a stable maximum ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}_{\mathit{M}}$ is achieved. We present extensive results for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}_{\mathit{M}}$ and ${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{M}}$ for a wide range of values of embedding trial dimension d, projection dimension k, number of nearest-neighbor points for local approximation \ensuremath{\nu}, embedding delay \ensuremath{\Delta}, sampling interval \ensuremath{\Delta}T, initial noise amplitude scrN, and trajectory length N.We give results for very low and very high noise amplitudes 0%\ensuremath{\le}scrN\ensuremath{\le}100%. We develop an empirical method for estimating the initial noise level for a given experimental time series, and for the optimal choice of algorithm parameters to achieve peak reduction. We present interesting results of application of the noise-reduction algorithm to a chaotic time series produced from a periodically driven magnetoelastic ribbon experiment on the control of chaos. Two noteworthy elements of the noise-reduction method we describe result in certain stabilizing and efficiency features. The first is our use of a physical replacement time series, which is a unique scalar time series with the property that its corresponding delay coordinate construction data state vector time series in ${\mathit{openR}}^{\mathit{d}}$ is optimally close to the noise-reduced replacement vector time series generated by the projection. The second is the introduction of a ``measure-ordered'' cover, which produces notable improvement in reliability, control, and computational efficiency of the whole algorithm.
Ceramic process equipment for the immobilization of plutonium (1998)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is developing a ceramic form for immobilizing excess US plutonium. The process used to produce the ceramic form is similar to the fabrication process used in the production of MOX fuel. In producing the ceramic form, the uranium and plutonium oxides are first milled to less than 20 microns. The milled actinide powder then goes through a mixing-blending step where the ceramic precursors, made from a mixture of calcined TiO<sub>2</sub>, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, HfO<sub>2</sub> and Gd0<sub>3</sub>, are blended with the milled actinides. A subsequent granulation step ensures that the powder will flow freely into the press and die set. The pressed ceramic material is then sintered. The process parameters for the ceramic fabrication steps to make the ceramic form are less demanding than equivalent processing steps for MOX fuel fabrication. As an example, the pressing pressure for MOX is in excess of 137.0 MPa, whereas the pressing pressure for the ceramic form is only 13.8 MPa. This translates into less die wear for the ceramic material pressing. Similarly, the sintering temperatures and times are also different. MOX is sintered at 1,700°C in 4% H<sub>2</sub> for a 24 hour cycle. The ceramic form is sintered at 1350°C in argon or air for a 15 hour cycle. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is demonstrating this ceramic fabrication process with a series of processing validation steps: first, using cerium as a surrogate for the plutonium and uranium, second, using uranium with thorium as the plutonium surrogate, and third, with plutonium. to this particle size is necessary to ensure essentially complete reaction of the plutonium with the ceramic precursors in subsequent sintering operations. Larger particles will only partially react, leaving islands of plutonium-rich minerals or unreacted plutonium oxide encased in the mineral structure. While this may be acceptable for the desired repository performance, it complicates the form characterization and acceptance for the repository if present in significant quantities.
Ray Casting of Trimmed NURBS Surfaces on the GPU (2006)

We propose a conceptual extension of the standard triangle-based graphics pipeline by an additional intersection stage. The corresponding intersection program performs ray-object intersection tests for each fragment of an object's bounding volume. The resulting hit fragments are transferred to the fragment shading stage for computing the illumination and performing further fragment operations. Our approach combines the efficiency of the standard hardware graphics pipeline with the advantages of ray casting such as pixel accurate rendering and exact normal as well as early ray termination. This concept serves as a framework for the implementation of an interactive ray casting system for trimmed NURBS surfaces. We show how to realize an iterative ray-object intersection method for NURBS primitives as an intersection program. Convex hulls are used as tight bounding volumes for the NURBS patches to minimize the number of fragments to be processed. In addition, we developed a trimming algorithm for the GPU that works with an exact representation of the trimming curves. First experiments with our implementation show that real-time rendering of medium complex scenes is possible on current graphics hardware
Comparative evaluation of two analytical methods for Helical Cone-Beam Tomography (2007)

We present some extensions to the recently published "DBP-0" method which are important for making the algorithm more suitable for clinical routine. These extensions are (i) an incorporation of the slice thickness into the reconstruction process, (ii) a way of reconstructing a region of interest smaller than the FOV, (iii) the possibility to reconstruct from flying focal spot data and (iv) a frequency apodization scheme for influencing the resolution vs. noise level during reconstruction. We furthermore present an evaluation of the DBP-0 method against the approximate Weighted FBP (WFBP) algorithm in terms of resolution, noise and subjective appearance of reconstructed images.
Tryptamine-Derived Amides and Alkaloids from the Seeds of <i>Annona </i><i>a</i><i>temoya</i> (2005)

A series of N-fatty acyl tryptamines, including a mixture of N-nonadecanoyltryptamine (1), N-behenoyltryptamine (2), N-lignoceroyltryptamine (3), N-cerotoyltryptamine (4), and N-octacosanoyl tryptamine (5), and a mixture of N-tricosanoyl-4,5-dihydroxytryptamine (6), N-lignoceroyl-4,5-dihydroxytryptamine (7), N-pentacosanoyl-4,5-dihydroxytryptamine (8), and N-heptacosanoyl-4,5-dihydroxytryptamine (9), along with two alkaloids, atemoine (10) and cleistopholine, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of seeds of Annona atemoya. The structures of the new compounds, 1 and 5-10, were determined on the basis of spectral evidence.
Optimal acquisition orders of diffusion‐weighted MRI measurements (2007)

The new ordering method improves the spherical coverage of partial scans and has the advantage of maintaining the optimal coverage of the complete scan.
Bayesian inference based modelling for gene transcriptional dynamics by integrating multiple source of knowledge (2012)

We testify the proposed approach on two real-world microarray datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed model can effectively identify the parameters and the activity level of TF. Moreover, the kinetic parameters introduced in the proposed model can reveal more biological sense than previous models can do.
Human Tissue-Resident Stem Cells Combined with Hyaluronic Acid Gel Provide Fibrovascular-Integrated Soft-Tissue Augmentation in a Murine Photoaged Skin Model (2009)

The combination of adipose tissue-derived stem cells and nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid holds promise as a tool with which to achieve lasting volume fill in reconstructive surgical soft-tissue augmentation.
In vivo CaspaseTracker biosensor system for detecting anastasis and non-apoptotic caspase activity (2015)

The discovery that mammalian cells can survive late-stage apoptosis challenges the general assumption that active caspases are markers of impending death. However, tools have not been available to track healthy cells that have experienced caspase activity at any time in the past. Therefore, to determine if cells in whole animals can undergo reversal of apoptosis, known as anastasis, we developed a dual color CaspaseTracker system for Drosophila to identify cells with ongoing or past caspase activity. Transient exposure of healthy females to environmental stresses such as cold shock or starvation activated the CaspaseTracker coincident with caspase activity and apoptotic morphologies in multiple cell types of developing egg chambers. Importantly, when stressed flies were returned to normal conditions, morphologically healthy egg chambers and new progeny flies were labeled by the biosensor, suggesting functional recovery from apoptotic caspase activation. In striking contrast to developing egg chambers, which lack basal caspase biosensor activation under normal conditions, many adult tissues of normal healthy flies exhibit robust caspase biosensor activity in a portion of cells, including neurons. The widespread persistence of CaspaseTracker-positivity implies that healthy cells utilize active caspases for non-apoptotic physiological functions during and after normal development.
Flexible task allocation and the organization of work in ants (2009)

Flexibility in task performance is essential for a robust system of division of labour. We investigated what factors determine which social insect workers respond to colony-level changes in task demand. We used radio-frequency identification technology to compare the roles of corpulence, age, spatial location and previous activity (intra-nest/extra-nest) in determining whether worker ants (Temnothorax albipennis) respond to an increase in demand for foraging or brood care. The less corpulent ants took on the extra foraging, irrespective of their age, previous activity or location in the nest, supporting a physiological threshold model. We found no relationship between ants that tended the extra brood and corpulence, age, spatial location or previous activity, but ants that transported the extra brood to the main brood pile were less corpulent and had high previous intra-nest activity. This supports spatial task-encounter and physiological threshold models for brood transport. Our data suggest a flexible task-allocation system allowing the colony to respond rapidly to changing needs, using a simple task-encounter system for generalized tasks, combined with physiologically based response thresholds for more specialized tasks. This could provide a social insect colony with a robust division of labour, flexibly allocating the workforce in response to current needs.
PRISM-II compiler and architecture (2002)

This paper discusses the architecture and compiler for a general-purpose metamorphic computing platform called PRISM-II. PRISM-II improves the performance of many computationally-intensive tasks by augmenting the functionality of the core processor with new instructions that match the characteristics of targeted applications. In essence, PRISM (processor reconfiguration through instruction set metamorphosis) is a general purpose hardware platform that behaves like an application-specific platform. Two methods for hardware synthesis, one using VHDL Designer and the other using X-BLOX, are presented and synthesis results are compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Heterogeneous Nucleation on Ultrafine Carbon Particles (2003)

Using a modified turbulent mixing CNC, the heterogeneous nucleation of different compounds (working fluids) on nanometer sized carbon particles was examined. The working fluids were dibutyl phthalate, octadecane, octadecanol, and octadecanoic acid. Based on the particle size distributions measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer system, nucleation and consequent growth were examined with respect to different temperature and vapor pressure for each working fluid. Nucleation rates for all conditions were calculated from the fitted size distribution data by subtracting the residual nonactivated particle concentration for each condition. Experimental nucleation rates were compared to the calculated ones based on Fletcher's heterogeneous nucleation theory. This theory matches well with the experiments with octadecanol and octadecanoic acid, and at high supersaturation ratios for dibutyl phthalate. However, the theory shows discrepancies with the observed phenomena at low supersaturation for dibutyl phthalate, and especially for octadecane. Several possible hypotheses for the discrepancies and observed particle growth are discussed.
Infection of vaginal and colonic epithelial cells by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is neutralized by antibodies raised against conserved epitopes in the envelope glycoprotein gp120. (1994)

The rectal and genital tract mucosae are considered to be major sites of entry for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during sexual contact. We now demonstrate that vaginal epithelial cells can be infected by HIV type 1 (HIV-1) via a mechanism similar to that described for neuroglial cells and, more recently, for colorectal epithelial cells, involving initial interaction of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 with a cell-surface glycosphingolipid (sulfated lactosylceramide). A hyperimmune serum against gp120 was able to neutralize HIV-1 infection of vaginal epithelial cells. Site-directed immunization was employed to identify sites on gp120 recognized by antibodies neutralizing HIV-1 infection of vaginal and colonic epithelial cells. Hyperimmune sera were raised in monkeys against a series of 40 overlapping synthetic peptides covering the entire sequence of HIV-1 (HTLV-IIIB) gp120. Antisera raised against five synthetic peptides, corresponding to three relatively conserved regions and to the hypervariable region (V3 loop), efficiently neutralized HIV-1 infection of human vaginal epithelial cells in vitro. Similar results were obtained with the colonic cells. Hyperimmune sera to all five peptides have been shown earlier to neutralize HIV-1 infectivity in CD4+ T cells. These results have obvious implications for the design of mucosal subunit vaccines against sexually transmitted HIV-1 infections.
Segmentation and recognition of motion streams by similarity search (2007)

Fast and accurate recognition of motion data streams from gesture sensing and motion capture devices has many applications and is the focus of this article. Based on the analysis of the geometric structures revealed by singular value decompositions (SVD) of motion data, a similarity measure is proposed for simultaneously segmenting and recognizing motion streams. A direction identification approach is explored to further differentiate motions with similar data geometric structures. Experiments show that the proposed similarity measure can segment and recognize motion streams of variable lengths with high accuracy, without knowing beforehand the number of motions in a stream.
A New Human Interactive Proofs System for Deaf Persons (2008)

Nowadays the Internet users are from different ages and groups. Disabled people are a group of the Internet users. Some websites are especially created for disabled people and public access to them is undesirable. In this paper, for the first time, a method is introduced for distinguishing between deaf persons and other users using a new HIP (Human Interactive Proofs) system. In this method, the sign language is used. A word is shown as a movie using a sign language. The user should recognize the word and select it from a list. Only deaf persons can understand sign language and recognize the word, therefore other persons and also computer programs cannot enter the website. This project has been implemented by PHP scripting language.
Ionization in Pure Gases and the Average Energy to Make an Ion Pair for Alpha and Beta Particles (1955)

A series of measurements has been made of the relative currents produced in different gases by beta particles from ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{63}$ and from tritium sources in an ionization chamber. In all cases only relative current measurements with argon as a standard gas have as yet been made. The value of $W$, the average energy to make an ion-pair computed relative to argon as a standard, is found to be the same for ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{63}$ and tritium sources. If these relative ${W}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}$ values are plotted as abscissas against previously determined ${W}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ values for polonium alpha particles as ordinates, a marked difference is observed in the gases investigated. For hydrogen and the noble gases the plotted points lie closely on a 45 degree straight line through the origin. Thus for these gases the ratio $\frac{{W}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}{{W}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$ is constant. This constant may well be unity, but this is not proved as yet by these results. For all other gases so far investigated, the plotted points lie above the 45 degree line, indicating a higher efficiency of ionization (and a lower $W$) for the beta particles than for the polonium alpha particles. These results are in accord with the findings of Gray and Gurney. Gurney's results have been extended here to include a greater variety of gases for reduced alpha particles of approximately 1-Mev energy. Two postulates are advanced to explain the behavior of ${W}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ and ${W}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}$ here found.
Coactivators for a proline-rich activator purified from the multisubunit human TFIID complex. (1991)

The mechanisms of transcriptional activation directed by sequence-specific regulators is central to understanding gene regulation. Here, we report the isolation of coactivators responsible for mediating transcriptional activation by Gal4-Pro, a hybrid regulator containing the proline-rich activation domain of human CTF/NFI. Chromatographic studies indicate that endogenous human TFIID consists of a multisubunit complex containing the TATA-binding protein (TBP), coactivators, and other associated factors. A fraction containing the coactivator activity was separated from the endogenous TBP after disrupting the tightly associated complex with urea. The urea-purified TBP was active for basal level transcription but no longer could support activation by Gal4-Pro. However, when the two separated components were added together, activated levels of transcription were restored in the presence of Gal4-Pro. Immunoaffinity purification of the TFIID complex identifies several polypeptides specifically associated with the endogenous TBP, some or all of which function as coactivators when reconstituted with Gal4-Pro. The isolated coactivators also mediate activation by a chimeric glutamine-rich activator derived from Sp1 but not the Gal4-VP16 activator, suggesting distinct factor requirements for different types of transcriptional regulators.
<title>Novel method for fabricating microlens arrays</title> (1997)

A novel method for fabricating microlens arrays (MLA) with continuous phase-relief has been proposed in this paper. It includes three main parts in details: obtaining continuous exposure on photolithographic materials by using moving mask method; fabricating continuous MLA on gelatin by enzyme treatment; replicating MLA to polymer by prepolymerize monomer injection molding techniques. The microlens has parabolic section profile and no dead area, it has the merits of high integration, high energy usage, and less chromatic aberration, especially is useful for broadband application. This method is fast and more convenient than binary optics method or laser direct writing techniques.