gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isoelectric precipitation of sunflower protein in a tubular precipitator (1995)

Abstract Isoelectric precipitation of sunflower protein was carried out in a 10‐m long, 6‐mm internal diameter glass tubular precipitator. The effects of feed flow rate, protein concentration in the feed stream, and volumetric feed ratio of precipitant (HCl aqueous solution) to protein solution on solid protein recovery and particle size distribution were studied. The dispersion range of the tubular precipitator was modelled to predict the experimental results. Calculated initial growth rates of protein particles were found to: increase with increases in feed flow rate and protein concentration in the feed stream, and decrease with increases in volumetric feed ratio.
Polymerizable siloxane precursors having in‐chain perfluoroalkyl groups (1972)

Abstract The synthesis and polymerization of several silphenylene siloxane polymer precursors containing a perfluoroalkylsegment in the backbone was carried out. The molecular weight characteristics of polymers from 1,3‐bis[ p (‐hydroxydimethylsilyl)phenyl]hexafluoropropane and 1,3‐bis[ p (‐dimethylaminodimethylsilyl)phenyl]hexafluoropropane were studied as a function of polymerization conditions. Polymers containing the dodecafluorohexane chain segment were also prepared. Polymers having inherent viscosities of 0.55 to 0.9 were obtained. The polymers crosslinked at room temperature to thermoset elastomers which were characterized by improved thermal and oxidative stability over dimethylsilicones. Room temperature swelling of the experimental polymers hydrocarbon solvents was also much lower than that of dimethylsilicones. The polymers containing the (CF 2 ) 3 and (CF 2 ) 6 linkages had glass transition points of −12°C and −34°C, respectively.
Calibrating the uptake kinetics of semipermeable membrane devices using exposure standards (1998)

Abstract Organic contaminant exchange kinetics between semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and water were studied in two suspensions of estuarine and marine sediments under conditions of high and low turbulence over a period of 56 d. Prior to exposure, the SPMDs were spiked with a number of exposure standards not occurring in the environment. The release rate of these compounds was used as an independent measure of the exchange kinetics between the SPMD and water. The uptake rates of chlorobenzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls, (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were lower by a factor of three under conditions of low turbulence. For compounds with a log octanol–water partition coefficient (Kow) &gt; 5.5 the uptake rate was constant during the entire period. Within each compound class, uptake rate constants correlated well with log Kow. The uptake rate constants of PAHs were lower than those of PCBs and chlorobenzenes by a factor of 10, but these estimates probably are artificially low due to an overestimation of the aqueous PAH concentrations. Release rate constants of the exposure standards fell within the range of the uptake rate constants of chlorobenzenes and PCBs, although with poor precision. Suggestions for improving the measurement of exchange rate constants of exposure standards are presented. The role of triolein in the exchange kinetics is shown to be minor.
[Combined effects of noise and heat and the evaluation of their biological equivalency]. (1991)

The article contains a review of medical literature data on the complex action of noise and heat on man and laboratory animals, which prove without doubt a synergic nature of their complex action, whereas their effect on the audiofunction is near to an additive one. To perform hygienic assessments of their action, in addition to the typology of the complex action, it is proposed to use the biologic equivalent index which reflects the dosage-relationship of the two factors. It is indicated that the index is equal to 0.4-3.3 degrees C/dBA for different figures, being greater in respect to specific indices as compared with non-specific ones. More research should be made into this important problem.
Long Ago, in the Late '50's (1969)

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A genetically encoded probe for imaging nascent and mature HA-tagged proteins in vivo (2019)

To expand the toolbox of imaging in living cells, we have engineered a single-chain variable fragment binding the linear HA epitope with high affinity and specificity in vivo. The resulting probe, called the HA frankenbody, can light up in multiple colors HA-tagged nuclear, cytoplasmic, membrane, and mitochondrial proteins in diverse cell types. The HA frankenbody also enables state-of-the-art single-molecule experiments in living cells, which we demonstrate by tracking single HA-tagged histones in U2OS cells and single mRNA translation dynamics in both U2OS cells and neurons. Together with the SunTag, we also track two mRNA species simultaneously to demonstrate comparative single-molecule studies of translation can now be done with genetically encoded tools alone. Finally, we use the HA frankenbody to precisely quantify the expression of HA-tagged proteins in developing zebrafish embryos. The versatility of the HA frankenbody makes it a powerful tool for imaging protein dynamics in vivo.
A Computational Framework for Point Cloud Construction Using Digital Projection Patterns (2006)

Many reverse engineering and inspection applications require generation of point clouds representing faces of physical objects. This paper describes a computational framework for constructing point clouds using digital projection patterns. The basic principle behind the approach is to project known patterns on the object using a digital projector. A digital camera is then used to take images of the object with the known projection patterns imposed on it. Due to the presence of 3-D faces of the object, the projection patterns appear distorted in the images. The images are analyzed to construct the 3-D point cloud that is capable of introducing the observed distortions in the images. The approach described in this paper presents three advances over the previously developed approaches. First, it is capable of working with the projection patterns that have variable fringe widths and curved fringes and hence can provide improved accuracy. Second, our algorithm minimizes the number of images needed for creating the 3-D point cloud. Finally, we use a hybrid approach that uses a combination of reference plane images and estimated system parameters to construct the point cloud. This approach provides good run-time computational performance and simplifies the system calibration.
Increased genetic stability of HeLa cells after connexin 43 gene transfection. (1997)

To test the hypothesis that intact gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is necessary for genomic stability, we compared the spontaneous and chemically induced mutation frequencies in GJIC-proficient and -deficient HeLa cells. Thus, we determined microsatellite instability and mutation frequency in the HPRT gene in parental HeLa cells, which have no GJIC ability, and in HeLa cells in which GJIC was restored by transfection with the connexin 43 (Cx43) gene. When HeLa cells with (Cx43+) or without Cx43 gene (Cx43-) were treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or methylnitrosourea, the Cx43+ cells survived better than Cx43- cells. The mutation frequency at CA repeats was measured with a shuttle vector; in the vector, the coding region of the beta-galactosidase gene was rendered out of frame by insertion of CA repeats, and the frame could be restored by insertion or deletion mutations of the CA repeats. The mutation frequency at CA repeats was 2-fold lower in Cx43+ cells than in Cx43-, both before and after exposure to MNNG or methylnitrosourea (P < 0.05). The frequency of spontaneous HPRT gene mutations, selected by their resistance to 6-thioguanine, was 3-fold lower in Cx43+ cells than Cx43- cells. Similarly, the frequency of MNNG-induced HPRT mutations was significantly higher in Cx43- cells (P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained even when the mutant selection process was carried out in the presence of alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid, a long-term inhibitor of GJIC, suggesting that the observed effect is not due to unwanted killing of cells by GJIC-mediated metabolic cooperation. Thus, our data demonstrate that HeLa cells transfected with the Cx43 gene become more resistant to spontaneous as well as chemically induced genetic changes.
Decision-Theoretic, High-Level Agent Programming in the Situation Calculus (2000)

We proposea framework for robot programming which allows the seamless integration of explicit agent programming with decision-theoretic planning. Specifically, the DTGolog model allows one to partially specify a control program in a highlevel, logical language, and provides an interpreter that, given a logical axiomatization of a domain, will determine the optimal completion of that program (viewed as a Markov decision process). We demonstrate the utility of this model with results obtained in an office delivery robotics domain. 1 Introduction The construction of autonomous agents, such as mobile robots or software agents, is paramount in artificial intelligence, with considerable research devoted to methods that will ease the burden of designing controllers for such agents. There are two main ways in which the conceptual complexity of devising controllers can be managed. The first is to provide languages with which a programmer can specify a control program with relative eas...
CoMFA Study on Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonists (2001)

A step-wise CoMFA-based procedure was applied to a series of 51 C2-oxyadenosines in order to select the most predictive conformation for binding to A2A adenosine receptor. The highest correlation and predictive power was found for conformers with the side chain at the 2-position oriented in the direction opposite to the exocyclic amino group on the adenine ring (torsion N1C2OR=120°) and fully extended. The interaction of ligand and receptor is under steric and electrostatic control. The steric contribution is of greater importance for the predictivity than the electrostatic one. Hydrophobicity of the compounds investigated does not affect significantly either the affinity to A2A adenosine receptor, nor the predictivity of the models.
The subsidy savings from reducing UK arms exports (1999)

Following the Gulf War, international discussions took place about multilateral restraints on “destabilising arms transfers”. Given that the UK is one of the leading exporters of arms, any reduction in such exports would affect the UK economy. The UK government spends considerable sums promoting such exports and it benefits from defence exports as they reduce the Ministry of Defence’s procurement costs. This paper analyses the direct financial implications of arms exports to the UK government, both as a buyer of defence equipment and as a promoter of such exports. The results suggest that in the UK each job generated by arms exports is subsidised by just under £2,000 per annum and that a one‐third reduction in UK defence exports would save the taxpayer some £76 million per annum (at 1995 prices).
Polarisation switching in proton-implanted VCSELs (1999)

Presents a comprehensive experimental study of the polarisation behaviour of proton-implanted GaAs/AlGaAs VCSELs operating around 850 nm. Whereas until now only switching from the shorter to the longer wavelength (higher to lower photon energy) has been reported experimentally (henceforth referred to as type I switching), we have also observed PS in the opposite direction, occurring at higher injection levels and corresponding to a switching from lower to higher photon energy (type II switching). Secondly, in order to explain some of these experimental results, we propose to take into account not only the temperature and wavelength dependence of the gain, but also the same dependence of the free carrier absorption in the highly p-doped DBR mirror, which is known to be particularly important in VCSELs.
Stain-free detection as loading control alternative to Ponceau and housekeeping protein immunodetection in Western blotting (2014)

It is currently a routine practice to require a measurement of a housekeeping reference, including actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-tubulin, among others, in Western blots, as it is the rule in RNA blots. Reversible Ponceau staining has been applied successfully to check equal loading of gels. Here we test a new technique, with the Stain-Free gels from Bio-Rad, against both Ponceau staining and housekeeping protein immunodetection under different conditions. Our results show that Stain-Free gels outperform Ponceau staining and that both are more consistent than housekeeping proteins as a loading control.
Two-dimensional spectral-encoding for high speed arbitrary patterned illumination (2014)

We propose a new tool for scaling the speed of arbitrary patterned illumination by two-dimensional spectral-encoding. A multi-objective optimization based on genetic algorithm is presented for its utility in different imaging modalities.
A theoretical and experimental comparison of directly and externally modulated fiber-optic links (2003)

Analytic models of directly and externally modulated fiber-optic links were derived and experimentally confirmed. The models were used to optimize the operating parameters of fiber-optic links. Experimental measurements on these optimized links indicated net incremental link power gains of +3 dB for direct modulation and +11 dB for external modulation. The implications of these optimizations for other measures of link performance, such as bandwidth and noise figure, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of monovalent salts on morphology of calcium carbonate crystallized in Couette‐Taylor reactor (2005)

Abstract Monovalent ionic additives, Na + , K + and NH impact on the morphology and agglomeration of CaCO 3 crystals. As increasing the additive concentration, the regular shaped crystals such as rhombohedron and spindle are changed to irregular one due to the inclusion of Na + and K + into the crystal structure. The inclusion of Na + and K + is detected using ICP‐AES. The partition of coefficients of Na + and K + are estimated as 9.74 × 10 –4 , 9.73×10 –4 , respectively and the amount of inclusion in the crystals is about 2×10 3 ppm. However, the inclusion of ions does not modify a crystal structure of calcite. Since NH 4 + is large in radius, it is not included in crystal but shifts the spindle shape of crystal to the rhombohedral one. It is interesting to find that such modification of crystal morphology begins to appear at high additive concentration (0.05 M). In addition, the crystal agglomeration is promoted because the electric repulsive charge is reduced as increasing the additive concentration. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Alveolar Hypoxia Promotes Murine Lung Tumor Growth through a VEGFR-2/EGFR-Dependent Mechanism (2012)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at an increased risk for the development of lung cancer, the mechanisms for which are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that the hypoxic pulmonary microenvironment present in COPD would augment lung carcinogenesis. Mice were subjected to chemical carcinogenesis protocols and placed in either hypoxia or normoxia. Mice exposed to chronic hypoxia developed tumors with increased volume compared with normoxic controls. Both lungs and tumors from hypoxic mice showed a preferential stabilization of HIF-2α and increased expression of VEGF-A, FGF2, and their receptors as well as other survival, proliferation, and angiogenic signaling pathways regulated by HIF-2α. We showed that tumors arising in hypoxic animals have increased sensitivity to VEGFR-2/EGFR inhibition, as chemoprevention with vandetanib showed markedly increased activity in hypoxic mice. These studies showed that lung tumors arising in a hypoxic microenvironment express increased growth, angiogenic, and survival signaling that could contribute to the increased lung cancer risk in COPD. Furthermore, the differential sensitivity of tumors arising in hypoxia to VEGFR-2/EGFR inhibition suggests that the altered signaling present in tumors arising in hypoxic lung might be therapeutically exploited in patients with underlying COPD.
Implementation of the Phase II Stormwater NPDES Permits (2001)

In the 1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act, Congress directed the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a permitting framework under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program to address storm water discharges associated with urban areas and certain industrial activities. In response to this dircctivc. EPA published NPDES permit application requirements [Federal Register, November 16,1990] for Phase I Storm Water Discharges. The next step in the EPAs efforts to address storm water discharges is the proposed Stonn Water Phase II rule effective October 29, 1999. This paper provides the reader with a practical approach to develop and implement the final Phase II rule.
Raman study of low growth temperature GaAs (1992)

A Raman study has been made of GaAs grown by MBE at low temperature, which is known to produce nonstoichiometric (As-rich) material. The epilayer has a slightly larger lattice constant than the GaAs substrate, as measured by x-ray diffraction. Raman measurements show that the LO phonon of LT-GaAs is shifted down in frequency from that of bulk GaAs. The shift is related to the presence of AsGa antisite defects, which cause a reduction in the electric field associated with the LO phonon. After the sample was annealed, the epilayer had the same lattice constant as the substrate, and the LO phonon moved closer to that of bulk GaAs.
Comparative analysis of various methods of purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2002)

A comparative analysis of the purification methods for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) obtained by electric-arc-discharge synthesis is carried out. The purification methods include air oxidation of the initial material at various temperatures, treatment and/or oxidation in solutions of inorganic acids, microfiltration of the suspension of the initial and/or oxidized materials, and various combinations of these methods. The purity of the SWNTs obtained is determined with the help of Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the best results can be obtained using a purification method including the following consecutive stages: treatment and oxidation of the initial material in nitric acid, microfiltration of the suspension of the oxidized material in aqueous solutions of surface-active substances through track membranes, drying, air oxidation, and vacuum annealing at various temperatures. The purity of the SWNTs obtained attains 70–80%.
Quasi-periodic distribution of plasmon modes in two-dimensional Fibonacci arrays of metal nanoparticles (2008)

In this paper we investigate for the first time the near-field optical behavior of two-dimensional Fibonacci plasmonic lattices fabricated by electron-beam lithography on transparent quartz substrates. In particular, by performing near-field optical microscopy measurements and three dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain simulations we demonstrate that near-field coupling of nanoparticle dimers in Fibonacci arrays results in a quasi-periodic lattice of localized nanoparticle plasmons. The possibility to accurately predict the spatial distribution of enhanced localized plasmon modes in quasi-periodic Fibonacci arrays can have a significant impact for the design and fabrication of novel nano-plasmonics devices.
Learning explicit rules in a neural network (2002)

The authors propose an architecture called RuleNet, which, based on knowledge of the task domain, allows for the extraction of symbolic condition-action rules from the connection strengths in a neural net. By exploiting constraints inherent in the domain of symbolic string-to-string mappings, RuleNet can learn to induce explicit symbolic condition-action rules from examples. These rules represent a powerful representational language with which to describe the inner workings of a network. In addition, they facilitate faster learning and generalize perfectly to further examples that follow the rules. This formal string manipulation task can be viewed as an abstraction of several interesting cognitive models in the connectionist literature, such as case role assignment or translating English text into phonetic symbols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diagnostic value of onset-recordings and marker annotations in dual chamber pacemaker stored electrograms (2002)

Stored electrograms provide direct insights into device function, thereby providing a validation of diagnostic data. The expanded recording of onset and markers results in markedly improved diagnostic capabilities - compared with conventional EGMs. These new features were necessary to interpret correctly 61% of all stored electrograms, without which a diagnosis would not have been possible. Both onset-recording and marker annotation are necessary for optimal analysis.
DRAFT AND MOVEMENT OF PACK ICE IN THE BEAUFORT SEA: A TIME-SERIES PRESENTATION APRIL 1990 - AUGUST 1999 (2004)

iv Resume iv Acknowledgements v Introduction 1 Observational Programme 2 Instrumentation 4 Moorings 4 Profiling Sonar for the Measurement of Ice Draft 6 WASP Sonar for the Measurement of Echoes 7 Doppler Sonar for the Measurement of Ice Drift 8 Other Data 9 Data Processing 11 Ice Draft from Echo Range and Pressure 11 Common Challenges in the Processing of Range Data from the IPS 12 Identifying Ice-free Waters 12 Loss of Echoes 12 Spurious Echoes 12 Wind Waves in Leads 12 Ice Displacement from Doppler Tracking 13 Common Challenges in the Processing of Ice-drift Data from the ADCP 14 Signal Degradation in Ice-free Waters 14 Signal Degradation under Stationary Smooth Ice 14 Preparation of Pseudo-spatial Series of Ice Draft 14 Uncertainty in Calibration 16 Ice Draft 16 Ice Drift 17 Ice Draft Time Series for the World Data Centre A Glaciology 18 Monthly Summaries of Time-series Data (1990-1999) 20 Mean Drift Speed 20 Mean Ice Draft 20 Percentiles of Ice Draft 21 References 23
Cardiovascular responses to combined treatment with selective monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors and L‐DOPA in the rat (2006)

The different responses to the two MAO-B inhibitors may be explained by the amine releasing effect of amphetamine metabolites formed from selegiline.
Organic Acid Catalysts in Reactions of Lactones with Silicon Enolates (2013)

Abstract By choosing the organic acid catalysts, the reaction of lactones with ketene silyl acetals results in selective formation of simple Mukaiyama aldol adducts or olefination products, which are formed by the subsequent elimination of a silanol from the adducts. That is, in the presence of acidic zwitterions, the reaction of lactones with ketene silyl acetals gives simple Mukaiyama aldol adducts in excellent yields. In contrast, the same reaction in the presence of a carbon acid catalyst brings about the formation of olefination products in a Z ‐selective manner.
Pulsed spin locking in pure nuclear quadrupole resonance (1980)

The technique of pulsed spin locking in NMR has recently been applied to a pure NQR system, with results very similar to those obtained in the NMR case. However, the theoretical methods used to explain the NMR results are not applicable to the pure NQR case. Using a model of the NQR system, a method is developed for following its evolution, which leads to results which reproduce the experimentally observed short-time behavior, and which are in some agreement with the long-time behavior.