gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Comorbidities in Explaining Differences in Patient Costs (1996)

Comorbidities, particularly when determined from the medical record, are important determinants of patient costs.
Reiterative membranous proliferation with giant-cell deposits on hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses after triple procedures in eyes with cataracts and uveitis (2010)

The possibility of development of this undesirable complication, which is believed to be limited in cases with hydrophobic acrylic IOL implantation, should be kept in mind. Also, Nd:YAG laser membranotomy for the proliferative membrane is an available option for recovery of vision.
Optical Spectroscopy of Inorganic Solids (1990)

1. Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure of Inorganic Solids 2. Energy Levels of Free Atoms and of Optical Centres in Crystals 3. Symmetry and Group Representation Theory 4. Radiative Transition Rates and Selection Rules 5. Electronic Centres in a Vibrating Crystalline Environment 6. Experimental Techniques 7. Colour Centres in Ionic Crystals 8. Spectroscopy of Lanthanide (rare-earth) and Actinide Ions in Solids 9. Optical Streptroscopy of Transition Metal Ions in Solids 10. Spectroscopy at High Dopant Concentrations 11. Solid State Lasers 12. Optical Detection of Magnetic Resonance
VLSI implementation of high speed two-dimensional state-space recursive filtering (2003)

The authors explore the parallelism in two-dimensional (2-D) state-space filter algorithms and propose some VLSI architectures for high-speed applications. First, the local state-space (LSS) realizations of 2-D IIR filters are reviewed. Then, two systolic array implementations, a direct form implementation, and a transformed implementation are obtained for realizing local speedup. They process one pixel during each clock time. To achieve very high speed, two global speed-up structures are used that exploit the inherent spatial concurrency. Based on the computational independence between the samples along the diagonal lines in a first-quadrant 2-D system, they work on multiple columns of images or multiple lines of images concurrently. The comparisons among the different architectures are also given. It is shown that the proposed architectures are attractive for high-speed, high-performance digital filtering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic Weighting of Facial Features for Automatic Pose-Invariant Face Recognition (2012)

This paper proposes an automatic pose-invariant face recognition system. In our approach, we consider the texture information around the facial features to compute the similarity measure between the probe and gallery images. The weight of each facial feature is dynamically estimated based on its robustness to the pose of the captured image. An approach to extract the 9 facial features used to initialize the Active shape model is proposed. The approach is not dependent on the texture around the facial feature only but incorporates the information obtained about the facial feature relations. Our face recognition system is tested on common datasets in pose evaluation CMU-PIE and FERET. The results show out-performance of the state of the art automatic face recognition systems.
PHOTOBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN YEAST OF DERIVATIVES OF PSORALEN SUBSTITUTED AT THE 3,4 AND/OR THE 4',5' REACTION SITE (1979)

Abstract— Derivatives of psoralen substituted at the position 3 and/or 5′ with various substituents (CN, CO‐R or COO‐R) have been newly synthesized. Their photobiological reactivity was determined by measuring the effects on survival and the induction of cytoplasmic ‘petite’ mutations (rho‐) in the haploid yeast Saccharomyces cereuisiae after treatment with 365‐nm irradiation in the presence of the different compounds. The effects were compared to those of known mono‐functional compounds such as angelicin, 3‐carbethoxypsoralen and 5,7‐dimethoxycoumarin and bi‐functional compounds such as psoralen and 8‐methoxypsoralen for which the photoaffinity to DNA is well known. The derivative carrying a CN group in position 3 of the psoralen molecule exhibited effects comparable to those of the bi‐functional agent 8‐methoxypsoralen. Three derivatives substituted at position 3 showed a biological activity comparable to those of the mono‐functional agent 3‐carbethoxypsoralen. Two compounds substituted at position 5′ by COOH or COOCH 3 ‐groups were much less photobiologically active than the corresponding derivatives substituted in position 3. This suggested that the furanic site of the psoralen molecule may be photobiologically more active than the 3,4 site. Four newly synthesized angular derivatives, i.e. furo (2,3 f, g) coumarins, were found to be two to three times less active than angelicin. At the dose rate of 365‐nm irradiation used the measure of survival and rho ‐ induction per viable cell allowed the classification of some of the compounds as mono‐ and some as bi‐functional agents in analogy to known mono‐ and bi‐functional compounds.
Synthesis of glycopolymers via click reactions (2010)

This mini-review describes recent work in the field of glycopolymer synthesis, with a focus on methods that have employed “click chemistry” and controlled polymerization methodology. A variety of carbohydrates with clickable groups such as azide, alkyne, and thiol moieties provide new routes to glycopolymers. Several studies use copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions to synthesize glycomonomers or to incorporate carbohydrates into a clickable polymeric backbone. Alternatively, there are many thiol based click reactions which provide metal-free synthesis, which are discussed in details.
Effect of Light Quality on Growth and Vegetable Quality in Leaf Lettuce, Spinach and Komatsuna (2007)

The effects of light quality on biomass and internal quality of leaf lettuce, spinach and komatsuna were examined. The plants were grown hydroponically in an environmentally controlled room with a 12-h light period and under a light/dark temperature of 20±1°C/18±1°C and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 300 μmol m-2 s-1 under four light quality treatments, i.e., red light from red fluorescent lamps (R) or blue light from blue fluorescent lamps (B) or a mixture of R and B (RB) or white light from white fluorescent lamps (W). The irradiation of R compared with W increased shoot dry weight in komatsuna and decreased the nitrate content in spinach. Irradiation of B or RB compared with W increased the L-ascorbic acid content in leaf lettuce and komatsuna and decreased the nitrate content in leaf lettuce. Irradiation of B was not suitable for the spinach cultivation due to an extremely decreased shoot dry weight although the carotenoid content was slightly increased. Our data show that controlling light quality is useful to achieve higher productivity or higher nutritional quality of the commercial crops even under limited light intensity in controlled-environment agricultural facilities although the effective light quality treatment differs depending on the plant species.
Inheritance tree shapes and reuse (2002)

The shapes of forests of inheritance trees can affect the amount of code reuse in an object-oriented system. Designers can benefit from knowing how structuring decisions affect reuse, so that they can make more optimal decisions. We show that a set of objective measures can classify forests of inheritance trees into a set of five shape classes. These shape classes determine bounds on reuse measures based on the notion of code savings. The reuse measures impart an ordering on the shape classes that demonstrates that some shapes have more capacity to support reuse through inheritance. An initial empirical study shows that the application of the measures and demonstrates that real inheritance forests can be objectively and automatically classified into one of the five shape classes.
Synthesis of (S)‐2‐Ethoxy‐3‐phenylpropanoic Acid Derivatives and Their Insulin‐Sensitizing Activity. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Partitioning Detection and Connectivity Restoration Algorithm for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (2010)

Recently, Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks have been receiving a growing attention from the research community because of their suitability for critical applications. Maintaining inter-actor connectivity becomes extremely crucial in such situations where actors have to quickly plan optimal coordinated response to detected events. Failure of critical actor partitions the inter-actor network into disjoint segments, and thus hinders the network operation. Autonomous detection and rapid recovery procedures are highly desirable in such case. This paper presents PCR, a novel distributed partitioning detection and connectivity restoration algorithm. PCR proactively identifies critical actors based on local topological information and designate appropriate backup nodes (preferably non-critical) to handle their failure. A backup actor detects the failure and initiates a recovery process that may involve coordinated multi-actor relocation. The purpose is to avoid procrastination, localize the scope of recovery process and minimize the movement overhead. Simulation results validate the performance of PCR that outperforms contemporary schemes found in literature.
Use of leukocyte-depleted platelet concentrates for the prevention of refractoriness and primary HLA alloimmunization: a prospective, randomized trial (1991)

Compared with conventional transfusion regimes a strong reduction in HLA alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusions is obtained when both red blood cell concentrates (RBCs) and platelet concentrates (PCs) are depleted of leukocytes by filtration. Because most of the leukocyte contamination is introduced by transfusion of RBCs, filtration of RBCs appears rational, but uncertainty exists regarding the degree of leukocyte-depletion of PCs needed for the prevention of HLA alloimmunization and refractoriness. We conducted a prospective trial and randomized patients with acute leukemia to receive leukocyte-depleted PCs prepared either by centrifugation (mean leukocyte count 35 x 10(6)/PC of 6 U) or by filtration (mean leukocyte count less than 5 x 10(6)/PC of 6 U). Both groups received RBCs that were filtered after prior removal of the buffy coat. Clinical refractoriness occurred in 46% (12 of 26) of the evaluable patients that were transfused with centrifuged PCs and only in 11% (3 of 27) in the filtered group (P less than .005). De novo anti-HLA antibodies were detected in 42% (11 of 26) patients in the centrifuged group and only in 7% (2 of 27) of the patients receiving filtered PCs (P less than .004). In 8 of 11 alloimmunized patients in the centrifuged group antibodies were detected in the first 4 weeks of transfusion therapy while none of the patients in the filtered group became immunized against HLA antigens during that period. We conclude that for the prevention of HLA alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusions from random donors, both RBCs and PCs have to be leukocyte- depleted by filtration.
Channeled-substrate planar structure (AlGa)As injection lasers (1977)

Undesirable nonlinear ’’kinks’’ in light‐output–vs–current characteristics of stripe geometry double‐heterostructure (DH) injection lasers are significantly reduced by stabilizing the transverse modes along the junction plane. Built‐in passive guiding mechanism is introduced by growing planar (AlGa)As/GaAs DH layers on a grooved GaAs substrate.
Effect of intracellular iron depletion by picolinic acid on expression of the lactoferrin receptor in the human colon carcinoma cell subclone HT29-18-C1 (1995)

A lactoferrin receptor has been found on the brush-border membrane of intestinal epithelial cells of several species, including humans. A role for this receptor in intestinal iron absorption, which is well regulated in response to body iron stores, has been proposed. We have investigated the effect of intracellular iron depletion by picolinic acid, an iron chelator, on the cell surface binding of human lactoferrin to human enterocytes and its intracellular uptake, using HT29-18-C1 cells, an enterocyte-like differentiable cell line. The confluent cells exhibited 5.8 x 10(6) specific binding sites per cell for diferric human 125I-labelled lactoferrin with relatively low affinity (Kd 8.4 x 10(-7) M). The addition of picolinic acid to the culture medium resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent increase in lactoferrin binding that was correlated with a decrease in intracellular iron content. The maximum effect of picolinic acid on lactoferrin binding (approx. 2-fold increase), which appeared between 12 and 18 h after its addition, was obtained at a picolinic acid concentration of 2 mM. Scatchard analysis showed that the enhanced lactoferrin binding resulted from an increase in the number of lactoferrin receptors rather than an alteration in the binding affinity for lactoferrin. The time-dependent effect of picolinic acid was completely abolished in the presence of 1 microM anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, indicating that ongoing protein synthesis is involved in this effect. The enhanced lactoferrin binding induced by picolinic acid produced an increase of approx. 30% in the uptake of lactoferrin-bound 59Fe, indicating the existence of functional receptors. These results suggest that biosynthesis of lactoferrin receptors in intestinal epithelial cells can be regulated in response to the levels of intracellular chelatable iron, consistent with intestinal iron absorption dependent on body iron stores.
Application of High Pressure to Food Processing: Pressurization of Egg White and Yolk, and Properties of Gels Formed (1989)

High hydrostatic pressure of 4000 to 10,000 kg/cm2 was applied to fresh egg white and yolk and the resulting gels were analyzed with their texture, protease susceptibility, and nutrients. Egg white and yolk set to a stiff gel at or above 6000 and 4000 kg/cm2, respectively. Both gels were softer and more elastic than heat-induced gels. Taste and flavor of the pressure-induced gels were natural without a cooked taste and flavor. Subtilisin digestibility of the pressure-induced gels were compatible or superior to the heat-induced gels. In the former gels, no destruction of vitamins or amino acid residues and no formation of unusual compounds such as lysinoalanine were detected. Based on these results, it is proposed that high pressure is useful in food processing and preservation to avoid adverse effects on natural foods.
Objective Changes in Brow Position, Superior Palpebral Crease, Peak Angle of the Eyebrow, and Jowl Surface Area after Volumetric Radiofrequency Treatments to Half of the Face (2004)

BACKGROUND Radiofrequency application through a proprietary device has recently been used for facial tissue tightening. Uniform volumetric heating of the dermis is created by passage of electrical current, while protection of the epidermis is maintained by concurrent cryogen cooling. OBJECTIVE To objectively quantify the effectiveness of volumetric radiofrequency application on the face, we treated 10 patients on the left side of the face with radiofrequency and evaluated the changes in brow position, superior palpebral crease, angle of the eyebrow, and jowl surface area. METHODS Uniform treatments were applied at 134 J/cm2 to the left side of the forehead and 1 cm past midline, at 115 J/cm2 to the left side of temple and cheeks, and at 97 J/cm2 to the left side of the jaw line and inferior postauricular surface. Patients were evaluated at monthly intervals up to 3 months with digital photography. Morphologic changes were evaluated with the “measuring tool” and “angle tool” of the Mirror Suite imaging system for aligned frontal-view photographs (for eyebrow position, superior palpebral crease elevation, and eyebrow angle changes) and the “outline tool” for aligned oblique-view photographs (for jowl surface area changes). RESULTS At the end of 3 months on the side that was treated, patients exhibited on average 4.3 mm of brow elevation and 1.9 mm of superior palpebral crease elevation along the midpupillary line and an average of 2.4 mm of brow elevation along the lateral canthal line. There was no significant improvement of brow elevation along the lateral canthal line on the contralateral side. The peak angle of the ipsilateral eyebrow became slightly more acute by an average of 4.5° after treatments. Moreover, the jowls on the lower part of the face, displayed a mean decrease of 22.6% in surface area after treatments. The nontreated side displayed a lack of eyebrow angle and jowl surface area changes. CONCLUSIONS The application of radiofrequency to the face provides quantifiable changes. The brow along the midpupillary line is elevated to a greater degree than the lateral brow. This is consistent with acute angle changes seen in the eyebrow. Improvements in the lower part of the face with radiofrequency application can be quantified by demonstrating a decrease jowl surface. Moreover, these measurement techniques can be useful tools for evaluating other treatment parameters with radiofrequency application.
The role of spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) with tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) in the sequential analysis of fetal congenital heart disease (2006)

TUI-STIC allows a complete sequential analysis of CHD in the fetus. The most suitable interslice distances for all gestational ages could be identified. These data may be used while adopting this imaging modality in the four-dimensional evaluation of fetal CHD.
Gene Tests for Psychiatric Risk Polarize Researchers (2008)

A small California company is the first to venture into psychiatric gene testing. But is the science ready?
Myotropic Insect Neuropeptide Families from the Cockroach <i>Leucophaea maderae</i> (1991)

Structure-activity relationship studies for three myotropic families of insect neuropeptides first isolated from Leucophaea maderae are discussed. Active core regions, representing the minimum number of residues required to elicit myotropic activity, are identified along with key structural attributes within the core regions. A select few of the fragments and/or analogs have proved more active than their parent peptides. The synthesis of active, conformationally-restricted analogs for two of the families has provided evidence for the presence of turn conformations within their proline-containing active core regions.
[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhances type I inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor expression in rat glomerular afferent arterioles smooth muscle cells]. (2002)

TNF-alpha plays a role in the development of renal dysfunction. The mechanisms may be that TNF-alpha takes part in the change of signal transduction in RASMC. TNF-alpha may act on the promoter of type I IP(3) R mRNA in RASMC and results in the expression of type I IP(3) R protein that stimulates release of intracellular Ca(2+) in RASMC and induces contraction of RASMC. The renal blood flow diminution leads to the development of renal dysfunction.
Particle filters in robotics (2002)

In recent years, particle filters have solved several hard perceptual problems in robotics. Early successes of particle filters were limited to low-dimensional estimation problems, such as the problem of robot localization in environments with known maps. More recently, researchers have begun exploiting structural properties of robotic domains that have led to successful particle filter applications in spaces with as many as 100,000 dimensions. The fact that every model---no mater how detailed---fails to capture the full complexity of even the most simple robotic environments has lead to specific tricks and techniques essential for the success of particle filters in robotic domains. This article surveys some of these recent innovations, and provides pointers to in-depth articles on the use of particle filters in robotics.
Calbindin-D28k Is Expressed in Osteoblastic Cells and Suppresses Their Apoptosis by Inhibiting Caspase-3 Activity (2000)

The rate of osteoblast apoptosis is a critical determinant of the rate of bone formation. Because the calcium-binding protein calbindin-D(28k) has anti-apoptotic properties in neuronal cells and lymphocytes, we searched for the presence of this protein in osteoblastic cells and investigated whether it can modify their response to proapoptotic signals. Calbindin-D(28K) was expressed at low levels in several osteoblastic cell lines and at high levels in primary cultures of murine osteoblastic cells. Transient transfection of rat calbindin-D(28k) cDNA blocked tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced apoptosis in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, as determined by cell viability and nuclear morphology of cells cotransfected with the green fluorescent protein targeted to the nucleus, whereas transfection of the empty vector had no effect. Calbindin-D(28k) levels in several stably transfected MC3T3-E1 lines were directly related to protection from TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. Purified rat calbindin-D(28k) markedly reduced the activity of caspase-3, a critical molecule for the degradation phase of apoptosis, in a cell-free assay. In addition, cell extracts from MC3T3-E1 cells expressing high levels of calbindin-D(28k) decreased caspase-3 activity, compared with extracts from vector-transfected cells. This effect was apparently unrelated to the calcium binding properties of calbindin, as chelation of calcium by EGTA or addition of other calcium-binding proteins such as calbindin-D(9k), S100, calmodulin, and osteocalcin, did not affect caspase-3 activity. Last, calbindin-D(28k) interacts with the active form of caspase-3 as demonstrated by a GST pull-down assay. These results demonstrate that calbindin-D(28k) is a biosynthetic product of osteoblasts with a role in the regulation of apoptosis. They also reveal that the antiapoptotic properties of calbindin-D(28k) may result not only from calcium buffering but also from the ability of the protein to interact with and to inhibit caspase-3 activity, a property that is independent of its calcium binding capability.
Preparation of Uranium Kernels by an External Gelation Process (1979)

A process has been developed for the production of dense fissile fuel kernels for the high-temperature reactor. A method is used whereby a concentrated uranyl nitrate solution with urea and ammonium nitrate as additives is dispersed horizontally into droplets that are hardened by external gelation. The process is very simple and consists of only a few steps, since no organic thickener is necessary and only aqueous solutions are used. The equipment, which has been developed for the special needs of the refabrication of 233U, has a throughput of ~0.7 kgU/h.
A Flow-Through Ultrasonic Lysis Module for the Disruption of Bacterial Spores (2009)

An automated, flow-through ultrasonic lysis module that is capable of disrupting bacterial spores to increase the DNA available for biodetection is described. The system uses a flow-through chamber that allows for direct injection of the sample without the need for a chemical or enzymatic pretreatment step to disrupt the spore coat before lysis. Lysis of Bacillus subtilis spores, a benign simulant of Bacillus anthracis, is achieved by flowing the sample through a tube whose axis is parallel to the faces of two transducers that deliver 10 W cm −2 to the surface of the tube at 1.4-MHz frequency. Increases in amplifiable DNA were assessed by real-time PCR analysis that showed at least a 25-fold increase in amplifiable DNA after ultrasonic treatment with glass beads, compared with controls with no ultrasonic power applied. The ultrasonic system and integrated fluidics are designed as a module that could be incorporated into multistep, automated sample treatment and detection systems for pathogens.