gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanism linking BDNF/TrkB signaling with the NMDA receptor in memory: the role of Girdin in the CNS (2016)

It is well known that synaptic plasticity is the cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. Activity-dependent synaptic changes in electrical properties and morphology, including synaptogenesis, lead to alterations of synaptic strength, which is associated with long-term potentiation (LTP). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling is involved in learning and memory formation by regulating synaptic plasticity. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway is one of the key signaling cascades downstream BDNF/TrkB and is believed to modulate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the connection between these two key players in synaptic plasticity remains largely unknown. Girders of actin filament (Girdin), an Akt substrate that directly binds to actin filaments, has been shown to play a role in neuronal migration and neuronal development. Recently, we identified Girdin as a key molecule involved in regulating long-term memory. It was demonstrated that phosphorylation of Girdin by Akt contributed to the maintenance of LTP by linking the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway with NMDA receptor activity. These findings indicate that Girdin plays a pivotal role in a variety of processes in the CNS. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding about the roles of Girdin in the CNS and focus particularly on neuronal migration and memory.
Linear codes for sources and source networks: Error exponents, universal coding (1982)

For Slepian-Wolf source networks, the error exponents obtained by Körner,Marton, and the author are shown to be universally attainable by linear codes also. Improved exponents are derived for linear codes with "large rates." Specializing the results to simple discrete memoryless sources reveals their relationship to the random coding and expurgated bounds for channels with additive noise. One corollary is that there are universal linear codes for this class of channels which attain the random coding error exponent for each channel in the class. The combinatorial approach of Csiszár-Körner-Marton is used. In particular, all results are derived from a lemma specifying good encoders in terms of purely combinatorial properties.
Neutralizing Antibodies Elicited by a Novel Detoxified Pneumolysin Derivative, PlyD1, Provide Protection against Both Pneumococcal Infection and Lung Injury (2012)

Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumolysin (PLY) is a virulence factor that causes toxic effects contributing to pneumococcal pneumonia. To date, deriving a PLY candidate vaccine with the appropriate detoxification and immune profile has been challenging. A pneumolysin protein that is appropriately detoxified and that retains its immunogenicity is a desirable vaccine candidate. In this study, we assessed the protective efficacy of our novel PlyD1 detoxified PLY variant and investigated its underlying mechanism of protection. Results have shown that PlyD1 immunization protected mice against lethal intranasal (i.n.) challenge with pneumococci and lung injury mediated by PLY challenge. Protection was associated with PlyD1-specific IgG titers and in vitro neutralization titers. Pretreatment of PLY with PlyD1-specific rat polyclonal antiserum prior to i.n. delivery of toxin reduced PLY-mediated lung lesions, interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, and neutrophil infiltration into lungs, indicating that protection from lung lesions induced by PLY is antibody mediated. Preincubation of PLY with a neutralizing monoclonal PLY antibody also specifically reduced the cytotoxic effects of PLY after i.n. inoculation in comparison to nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies. These results indicate that the induction of neutralizing antibodies against PLY can contribute to protection against bacterial pneumonia by preventing the development of PLY-induced lung lesions and inflammation. Our detoxified PlyD1 antigen elicits such PLY neutralizing antibodies, thus serving as a candidate vaccine antigen for the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia.
Novel Antibacterial and Emollient Effects of Coconut and Virgin Olive Oils in Adult Atopic Dermatitis (2008)

VCO and monolaurin's O-SSI reduction and in vitro broad-spectrum activity against SA (given clinical validity here), fungi, and viruses may be useful in the proactive treatment of AD colonization.
Explanations for Accuracy of the General Multivariate Formulas in Correcting for Range Restriction (1994)

Univariate and multivariate corrections for range re striction were compared using Navy applicant scores on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). Two Navy school ASVAB selector composites were used separately and together to simulate three selection situations for nine selection ratios (SRs). The selectors then were used as predictors. Composite va lidities (the ASVAB Mechanical Comprehension test was the criterion) were corrected using the univariate and the general multivariate formulas. In general, multivariate corrections were more accurate than univariate correc tions, notably when the univariate explicit selection variable was negatively skewed and correction viola tions (linearity and homoscedasticity) did not offset each other. Multivariate correction accuracy was attributed to the inclusion of variables with adequate distributional properties, the compensatory effects of regression weights, and the related psychometric principle that differentially weighting a large number of correlated predictor variables has little impact on a multiple cor relation. Index terms: correction formulas, explicit selection, incidental selection, multivariate correction formulas, restriction in range, validation studies.
Stereoselective Reduction of Conjugated Homopropargylic Alcohols to (<i>E</i>)-Homoallylic Alcohols by Sodium Bis(2-methoxyethoxy) Aluminium Hydride (1997)

The reduction of various conjugated homopropargylic alcohols with sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy) aluminium hydride (Red-Al®) in ether or THF is described. The reaction takes place cleanly and rapidly, under mild conditions, to give (E)-homoallylic alcohols stereoselectively in good isolated yields.
Essentials of Soil Mechanics and Foundations: Basic Geotechnics (1982)

Table of Contents PART I: BACKGROUND AND BASICS 1. The Soil and Rock of Planet Earth: Geologic Overview 2. Soil Types and Soil Structure 3. Soil Composition: Terminology and Definitions 4. Index Properties and Classification Tests, and Soil Classification Systems 5. Site Investigations: Purpose and Methods, Information and Procedures Available PART II: ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR OF SOIL DEPOSITS 6. Movement of Water Through Soil: Basic Hydrogeology, Subsurface Flow, Permeability, Capillarity 7. Movement of Water Through Soil: Practical Effects: Seepage, Drainage, Frost Heave, Contamination 8. Combined Stresses in Soil Masses: Stress at a Point and Mohr's Circle 9. Subsurface Stresses 10. Settlement: Soil Compression, Volume Distortion, Consolidation 11. Shear Strength Theory 12. Earthquakes and the Affects PART III: APPLICATION OF SOIL MECHANICS THEORIES 13. Foundations: Introductory Concepts 14. Foundations: Design Considerations and Methods 15. Site Improvement: Earth Moving, Compaction, and Stabilization 16. Stability of Unsupported Slopes 17. Lateral Pressures and Retaining Structures APPENDIX A: Laboratory Procedure to Determine Coefficient of Consolidation Answers to Selected Problems Index
Combined approach of array processing and independent component analysis for blind separation of acoustic signals (2003)

Two array signal processing techniques are combined with independent component analysis (ICA) to enhance the performance of blind separation of acoustic signals in a reflective environment. The first technique is the subspace method which reduces the effect of room reflection when the system is used in a room. Room reflection is one of the biggest problems in blind source separation (BSS) in acoustic environments. The second technique is a method of solving permutation. For employing the subspace method, ICA must be used in the frequency domain, and precise permutation is necessary for all frequencies. In this method, a physical property of the mixing matrix, i.e., the coherency in adjacent frequencies, is utilized to solve the permutation. The experiments in a meeting room showed that the subspace method improved the rate of automatic speech recognition from 50% to 68% and that the method of solving permutation achieves performance that closely approaches that of the correct permutation, differing by only 4% in recognition rate.
LISP Extensions for Segment Routing (2014)

Segment Routing (SR) combines source routing and tunneling to steer
traffic through the transit network. The Locator/ID Separation
Protocol (LISP) separates IP addresses into Endpoint Identifiers
(EIDs) and Routing Locators (RLOCs) and also leverages tunneling
mechanisms. Mapping between EIDs and RLOCs is facilitated by the LISP
mapping system. Combining LISP and SR enables the LISP mapping system
to provide SR information to encapsulating routers so that traffic can
be steered in the transit network or the list of segments a particular
packet traverses is recorded in the packet header. This document
describes extensions required to the Locator/ID Separation Protocol
(LISP) to enable a LISP mapping system to communicate list of segment
identifiers or the request to record the list of segments a particular
packet traverses to the encapsulating router.
Quadruply Self-Aligned MOS (QSA MOS) - A New Short-Channel High-Speed High-Density MOSFET for VLSI (1980)

A new device named Quadruply Self-Aligned (QSA) MOS is proposed to overcome speed and density limits of conventional scaled-down MOS VLSI circuits. This device includes four mutually selfaligned areas: narrow poly-Si gate, shallow-source/drains to eliminate short-channel effects, deep junctions for highconductance, and specific contacts to afford efficient metal interconnection. To get these four regions to register, the gate pattern is first defined followed by undercutting of the polysilicon, anisotropic reactive ion etching of the gate oxide, and ion implantation into the source/drain regions. The device has been fabricated and its proper operation has been demonstrated. Because of its short-channel length and small gate-drain overlap capacitance, this device allows the design of high-speed VLSI circuits using high-conductive interconnects. Also, the self-aligned process allows the design of high-density VLSI circuits. It is shown that the design of the ultimate 3F X 2F cell (6 /spl mu/m/sup 2//cell, namely 3 X 2 mm/sup 2//1 Mbit in 1-/spl mu/m rule) and the 4F pitch sense amplifier in dynamic MOS RAM are feasible using this QSA technology. (F is the minimum feature size.)
Acute liver failure (2005)

Acute liver failure is a complex multisystemic illness that evolves quickly after a catastrophic insult to the liver leading to the development of encephalopathy. The underlying aetiology and the pace of progression strongly influence the clinical course. The commonest causes are paracetamol, idiosyncratic drug reactions, hepatitis B, and seronegative hepatitis. The optimal care is multidisciplinary and up to half of the cases receive liver transplants, with survival rates around 75%-90%. Artificial liver support devices remain unproven in efficacy in acute liver failure.
The Complement System Facilitates Clearance of<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>during Murine Peritonitis (2010)

Complement deficiency severely hampers the clearance of E. faecium peritonitis and subsequent systemic infection.
Nematic Elastomers: The Dependence of Phase Transformation and Orientation Processes on Crosslinking Topology (2001)

The orientation process in response to a mechanical field and the phase transformation of nematic elastomers are investigated for different types of crosslinkers and their concentration. For the corresponding linear polymer melt a mechanical field causes a director orientation perpendicular to the external field axis. For networks with rod-like crosslinkers, however, an orientation with the director parallel to the external field is observed. Only a trifunctional, disk-like crosslinker at low concentrations causes the perpendicular orientation as obtained for the linear polymer. At higher concentrations the director again becomes ordered parallel to the field. The orientation behaviour is analysed by stress-optical measurements and the thermal expansion behaviour of the network, where the thermal expansion directly reflects the change of the network conformation at the isotropic to nematic phase transformation. The different orientation behaviour of the networks can be simply explained. Because of the contour length of the crosslinking molecules the crosslinker can no longer be considered as “point-like” crosslink, but rather as a part of the network chains. Due to interactions with the mesophase it orients the mesogenic groups in an antagonistic manner compared to the orientation of the pure polymer melt.
Preparation and Luminescence Properties of YVO<sub>4</sub>:Ln and Y(V, P)O<sub>4</sub>:Ln (Ln = Eu<sup>3+</sup>, Sm<sup>3+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup>) Nanofibers and Microbelts by Sol−Gel/Electrospinning Process (2008)

One-dimensional YVO4:Ln and Y(V, P)O4:Ln nanofibers and quasi-one-dimensional YVO4:Ln microbelts (Ln = Eu3+, Sm3+, Dy3+) have been prepared by a combination method of sol−gel process and electrospinning. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG−DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), photoluminescence (PL), low-voltage cathodoluminescence (CL), and time-resolved emission spectra as well as kinetic decays were used to characterize the resulting samples. Due to an efficient energy transfer from vanadate groups to dopants, YVO4:Ln phosphors showed their strong characteristic emission under ultraviolet excitation (280 nm) and low-voltage electron beam excitation (1−3 kV). The energy transfer process was further studied by the time-resolved emission spectra as well as kinetic decay curves of Eu3+ upon excitation into the VO43− ion. Furthermore, the PL emission color of YVO4:Ln nanofibers can be tuned from blue to green, orange-red, and red easily by partial replacement VO43− with PO43− and changing the doping concentrations (x) of Ln, making the materials have potential applications in fluorescent lamps and field emission displays (FEDs).
A 1.2V 2MHz BW 0.084mm<sup>2</sup> CT &#x0394;&#x03A3; ADC with &#x2212;97.7dBc THD and 80dB DR using low-latency DEM (2009)

Due to their inherent anti-aliasing properties and potential for low-power design, continuous-time (CT) ΔΣ ADCs are an indispensable component in wireless communication systems such as GSM/WCDMA, since a precise sampling network is not required. However, conventional CT ΔΣ ADCs suffer from 2 main problems: 1) high sensitivity to clock jitter, and 2) excess loop delay stemming from quantizer and DEM latency. To tackle the first problem, an NRZ multi-bit DAC can be used to trade achievable SNR with an increased number of DAC levels [1–3]. The NRZ nature dictates the addition of deliberate z <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> or z <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1/2</sup> terms in the loop to accommodate delay from the quantizer and DEM, which in turn requires a local feedback DAC around the quantizer to stabilize the loop. However, ISI-induced distortion remains prominent. A 1b SC DAC is used in [4] for low jitter sensitivity and elimination of DEM, at the expense of limited input range.
Growth Temperature-dependent Variation in the Bacteriophage-inactivating Capacity and Antigenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica Lipopolysaccharide (1983)

Growth temperature affected the structure of Yersinia enterocolitica Ye 3827 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although Y. enterocolitica Ye 3827 synthesized smooth LPS when grown at a low temperature (25 degrees C), partial smooth-rough transition occurred when the bacteria were grown at the physiological temperature (37 degrees C). The structural alteration was detected by bacteriophage-inactivation assay and chemical and immunological analyses. LPS prepared from bacteria grown at 25 degrees C inactivated a number of bacteriophages that recognize the O-antigenic polysaccharide portion of LPS, whereas more than 3000 times the amount of LPS from bacteria grown at 37 degrees C was required for the same degree of inactivation. The antigenic determinant(s) responsible for the major reaction between 25 degrees C-LPS and anti-25 degree C-bacteria was located on the O-antigenic polysaccharide portion of LPS, but those responsible for the major reaction between 37 degrees C-LPS and anti-37 degrees C-bacteria were located on the R-core or inner portion of LPS.
An approximate analysis of waiting time in multi-class <i>M/G</i> /1/./ <i>EDF</i> queues (1996)

The Earliest-Deadline-First (EDF) queueing discipline is being more and more widely used for handling time-sensitive applications in computer systems and networks. In this paper, we consider an arbitrary number of traffic classes with class-specific soft-deadline. A soft-deadline is a target waiting-time limit that can be missed. EDF queueing has been proved to minimize the maximum delay overflow related to this limit. We propose a quantitative analysis, through the metric of mean waiting time, on the behavior of EDF queueing. This analysis gives also insight on the correlation between traffic classes with different time-constraints. Technically speaking, we have proven that the mean waiting times for an arbitrary set of N classes of traffic streams with soft deadlines are the unique solution of a system of non-linear equations under the constraint of the Kleinrock's conservation law. We then provide an O ( N 2 ) algorithm to get the solution. Simulation suggests that the theoretical approximation we made is quite acceptable.
The map of Jerusalem (1538) by Hermanus Borculus and its copies - a carto-genealogical study (1990)

(1990). The map of Jerusalem (1538) by Hermanus Borculus and its copies - a carto-genealogical study. The Cartographic Journal: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 31-39.
Carrier Current Telephony and Telegraphy (1921)

This paper briefly outlines first the history of the development of carrier multiplex telegraphy and telephony. The fundamental principles underlying particularly the newer developments of the art are then discussed. Consideration is likewise given to the propagation characteristics of open wire lines, including those containing intermediate lengths of cable. Commercial types of apparatus and actual installations are then described and a brief statement made as to further applications of the art.
Freezing and freeze-drying of the bacterium Rahnella aquatilis BNM 0523: study of protecting agents, rehydration media and freezing temperatures (2011)

This study is probably the first report about the resistance of R. aquatilis to freezing and freeze-drying treatments and shows that these operations could be useful for obtaining a commercial formulation of this biocontrol agent.
Group communications algorithm for dynamically updating in distributed systems (2002)

The paper proposes a novel updating technique, dynamically updating to achieve extension or modification of functions in a distributed system. Usual updating techniques require multiple processes to suspend simultaneously in order to avoid an unspecified reception caused by the conflict of different versions of processes. By using the proposed dynamically updating technique, the updating operation can be invoked asynchronously by each process with the assurance of correct execution of the system, i.e., the system can cope with the effect of an unspecified reception caused by a mixture of multiple version processes. This is implemented by using a novel distributed algorithm that consists of group communication, checkpoint setting, and rollback recovery. This algorithm achieves rollback recovery with the lowest overhead, i.e., a set of checkpoints determines the last global state for consistent rollback recovery and a set of processes that need to rollback simultaneously is the smallest.
A “CLARION” Call for Embracing IPE as the Status Quo for Preparing Health Professionals to Engage in Interprofessional Health Research (2016)

Complex health conditions and the social-economic determinants that contribute to disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and health inequalities require multifaceted evidence-based interventions that only interprofessional research teams who collaborate across traditional disciplinary lines can generate. Interprofessionally driven and derived research evidence is the method of du jour. Nonetheless as a whole, health professionals who are often members of interprofessional health research teams are products of educational systems wherein they were educated in disciplinary silos. Health professionals that learn about, with, from, each other during their foundational education will be better prepared to function as interprofessional research team members. With the impetus of policy-makers, and accrediting bodies as well as support from funders, educational institutions are cautiously adopting interprofessional education (IPE). However, there remains a lack of empirical evidence about the downstream results of IPE, namely health and health systems outcomes. Thus, the IPE arena is ripe with opportunities for health and health services researchers.
Y. Takaya, ed., Madagascar : Perspectives from the Malay World (1990)

Molet LouisMolet Louis. Y. Takaya, ed., Madagascar : Perspectives from the Malay World. In: L'Homme, 1990, tome 30 n°113. pp. 179-180.
Facial Expression Recognition in Daily Life by Embedded Photo Reflective Sensors on Smart Eyewear (2016)

This paper presents a novel smart eyewear that uses embedded photo reflective sensors and machine learning to recognize a wearer's facial expressions in daily life. We leverage the skin deformation when wearers change their facial expressions. With small photo reflective sensors, we measure the proximity between the skin surface on a face and the eyewear frame where 17 sensors are integrated. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm was applied for the sensor information. The sensors can cover various facial muscle movements and can be integrated into everyday glasses. The main contributions of our work are as follows. (1) The eyewear recognizes eight facial expressions (92.8% accuracy for one time use and 78.1% for use on 3 different days). (2) It is designed and implemented considering social acceptability. The device looks like normal eyewear, so users can wear it anytime, anywhere. (3) Initial field trials in daily life were undertaken. Our work is one of the first attempts to recognize and evaluate a variety of facial expressions in the form of an unobtrusive wearable device.
Extracting drug indication information from structured product labels using natural language processing (2013)

It is feasible to use publicly available natural language processing tools to extract indication information from freely available drug labels. Named entity recognition sources (eg, MetaMap) provide reasonable recall. Combination with other data sources provides higher precision.