gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Underestimation of Luminal Eosinophilia by Quantitative Sputum Cytometry (2021)

Abstract Rationale: On Wright-stained sputum cytospins, eosinophil differential of >1.2% is considered abnormal and ≥3% clinically relevant. We hypothesized that failure to consider free eosinophil granules (FEG), and the re-emergence of eosinophilia (at ≥1.2 and ≥2.3%) underestimate the prevalence of the eosinophilic phenotype. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of our Institutional Review Board-approved clinical sputum database. Of the 24,176 examinations, 17,693 had viable cell counts from 9570 patients (6604 on one occasion, 2967 with two or more) with various airway diseases. In all samples, FEGs were semi-quantified to estimate the prevalence of eosinophilia at <1.2 and <2.3%. In those patients with sputum examined on more than one occasion, subsequent results identified re-emergence of eosinophilia at ³1.2 and ³2.3%. Results: Of those with intact cell counts (n=15,278), 8562 (56.0%) and 9690 (63.4%) would have been classified as clinically non-relevant eosinophilia of <1.2% and <2.3% respectively. Among those with two or more intact cell counts, 1142 (38.5%) and 1083 (36.5%) of samples had re-emergence of eosinophilia (at 1.2 and 2.3%), either when a previous neutrophilia resolved (n= 218/19.1%, n=312/28.8%) or due to a reduction in the dose of corticosteroids (n=634/21.4%, n=666/22.4%) with no significant differences between groups (p=0.018). There was a significant difference between the proportions of eosinophilic versus non-eosinophilic at 1.2 and 2.3%, using the presence of FEG and the non-intact cell count (p<0.001). Conclusions: A total of 3180 (32.8%) samples identified as non-eosinophilic, had clinically relevant airway eosinophilia that would not have been identified if the phenotypic classification was limited to ≥2.3% intact eosinophils on one occasion. This underestimation is likely to be significantly more if other means of airway eosinophilic activity were included and if mast cell activity and lymphocyte numbers, (not routinely quantified by sputum cytometry), could be contributing to the under-appreciation of airway T2 inflammatory processes.
An Efficient and Novel Synthesis of Fused Thiazol-2(3H)-ones (1993)

Reaction of o-bromo aromatic amines (2,4,7,10, 15) with ethyl potassium xanthate gave the corresponding fused thiazol-Z(3H)thiones (16, 19, 22) which in turn were first alkylated with methyl iodide and then treated with sodium methoxide to produce fused thiazol-2(3X)-ones (18, 21, 24).Treatment of 4-(4-pyridinyl)benzenamine dihydrobromide (1) with DMSO gave 2-bromo-4-(4-pyri-diny1)benzenamine (2).Reduction of 4-(4-bromo-3-nitrophenyl). pyridine (3) with stannous chloride gave 2-bromo-5-(4-pyridiny1)benzenamine (4).Treatment of 5-bromo-2-methyl[3,4'-bipyridinl-6(1H)-one (5) with phosphorous oxychloride and ammonia sequentially yielded amino compound (7).Hofmann reaction of 2-chloro-6-methyl-[3,4'-bipyridinel-3-carboxaide resulted in amino compound (10).5-Acyl-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-ones (11) were converted to 3-bromo-1,6naphthyridin-2-amines (15) via a four-step sequence.Recently, there has been considerable interest in 2(3H)-henzothiazolones as herbicides,' ~esticides,~ fungicides,' and pharmaceutical agents.5We have also been interested in 6-(4-pyridy1)-2(3H)-benzothiazolone ( M a ) and its analogs for its CAMP PDE I11 activity.The most common method5 for the preparation of Z(3H)-benzothiaeolones involves the reaction of phosgene with 0-aminothiophenols which in turn are prepared by the Herz reaction6 of aniline?..However, the Herz reaction of 4-(4-pyridy1)aniline (1) gave impure 2-amino-5-(4-
ZnO devices: Photodiodes and p-type field-effect transistors (2005)

The potential use of ZnO-based photonic and electronic devices has been demonstrated by the fabrication of prototype ultraviolet (UV) photodetector and field-effect transistor (FET) devices that contain films of p-type ZnO with arsenic as the p-type dopant. These p-type films have high crystalline quality and show long-term stability. The ZnO UV photodetectors are based on p-n junctions. The FETs are made with metal-semiconductor Schottky contacts on p-type ZnO and are normally off (enhancement) devices. The spectral and electrical characteristics of these devices are presented and explained.
Host‐induced gene silencing of <i>BcTOR</i> in <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> enhances plant resistance to grey mould (2019)

Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of grey mould for more than 200 plant species, including economically important vegetables, fruits and crops, which leads to economic losses worldwide. Target of rapamycin (TOR) acts a master regulator to control cell growth and proliferation by integrating nutrient, energy and growth factors in eukaryotic species, but little is known about whether TOR can function as a practicable target in the control of plant fungal pathogens. Here, we characterize TOR signalling of B. cinerea in the regulation of growth and pathogenicity as well as its potential value in genetic engineering for crop protection by bioinformatics analysis, pharmacological assays, biochemistry and genetics approaches. The results show that conserved TOR signalling occurs, and a functional FK506-binding protein 12 kD (FKBP12) mediates the interaction between rapamycin and B. cinerea TOR (BcTOR). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis revealed that BcTOR displayed conserved functions, particularly in controlling growth and metabolism. Furthermore, pathogenicity assay showed that BcTOR inhibition efficiently reduces the infection of B. cinerea in plant leaves of Arabidopsis and potato or tomato fruits. Additionally, transgenic plants expressing double-stranded RNA of BcTOR through the host-induced gene silencing method could produce abundant small RNAs targeting BcTOR, and significantly block the occurrence of grey mould in potato and tomato. Taken together, our results suggest that BcTOR is an efficient target for genetic engineering in control of grey mould, and also a potential and promising target applied in the biocontrol of plant fungal pathogens.
Properties and Function of the Pyruvate-Formate-Lyase Reaction in Clostridiae (1972)

Pyruvate formate-lyase has been demonstrated in Clostridium kluyveri, C. butylicum and C. butyricum. The properties of the clostridial enzyme have been studied in more detail in cell-free lysates of C. butyricum. The following activities were investigated: pyruvate cleavage to acetylBiochemisches Institut der Universität BRD-7800 Freiburg i. Br., Hermann Herder-Straße 7 German Federal RepublicBiochemisches Institut der Universität BRD-7800 Freiburg i. Br., Hermann Herder-Straße 7 German Federal RepublicCoA and formate, pyruvate synthesis from acetyl-CoA and formate, and formate exchange with the carboxyl group of pyruvate. Formate formation from pyruvate (substrate concentration for half-maximal velocity, ([S]0.5v= 1.6 mM) was dependent on coenzyme A ([S]0.5v= 0.012 mM). Pyruvate (100%) could be replaced to some degree by 2-oxobutyrate (31%), coenzyme A (100%) by dephosphocoenzyme A (40%). In contrast to all other known pyruvate formate-lyase reactions the clostridial reaction was readily reversible. Pyruvate synthesis from acetyl CoA ([S]0.5v= 0.19 mM) and formate ([S]0.5v= 10 mM) proceeded with 40% of the velocity of the forward reaction. The exchange reaction between pyruvate ([S]0.5v= 0.6 mM) and formate ([S]0.5v= 20 mM) was independent of CoA or phosphate. This activity was even inhibited in the presence of CoA. DEAE-cellulose-treated extracts did not catalyze formate formation from pyruvate. The activity could however be restored by reduced ferredoxin, Co2+· thiol or Fe2+· dithiol complexes. When the lysates were treated with Dowex-potassium or charcoal in addition to DEAE-cellulose, reactivation required both one of the electron donors and S-adenosylmethionine. Methionine, ATP, ADP, AMP, methionine plus ATP, or S-adenosylhomocysteine could not substitute for S-adenosylmethionine. Rather, S-adenosylhomocysteine antagonized the reactivation dependent on S-adenosylmethionine. A similar inactivation-activation behavior was observed for the pyruvate formation and the exchange activities. The pattern of enzymes related to the synthesis of C1 units by several clostridia demonstrates that either a pyruvate-formate-lyase or a CO2-reductase reaction leads to the formation of formate, which is required for the synthesis of C1 units in these bacteria.
Intertwining relations between the Fourier transform and discrete Fourier transform, the related functional identities and beyond (2001)

Starting from the spectral decomposition for the matrix or operator roots of unity we derive in a very simple way the connection between Gauss sums and spectral multiplicities of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), also known as Schur matrix Φ(n) or as quantum Fourier transform. Next we propose simple explicit construction of the real orthogonal matrices On diagonalizing Φ(n). We establish different intertwining relations between Fourier transform (FT) and DFT coming from the knowledge of the Gauss sums and Poisson summation. Finally, we present a way to generate the eigenvectors of the DFT involving the eigenfunctions of the FT or any absolutely convergent series. This gives us a source for generating various linear and nonlinear functional identities: in particular, some theta functional identities.
Makeup Removal via Bidirectional Tunable De-Makeup Network (2019)

We present a deep learning-based method for removing makeup effects (de-makeup) in a face image. This problem poses a major challenge due to obscuring of the underlying facial features by cosmetics, which is very important in multimedia applications in the field of security, entertainment, and social networking. To address this task, we propose the bidirectional tunable de-makeup network (BTD-Net), which jointly learns the makeup process to aid in learning the de-makeup process. For tractable learning of the makeup process, which is a one-to-many mapping determined by the cosmetics that are applied, we introduce a latent variable that reflects the makeup style. This latent variable is extracted in the de-makeup process and used as a condition on the makeup process to constrain the one-to-many mapping to a specific solution. Through extensive experiments, our proposed BTD-Net is found to surpass the state-of-art techniques in estimating realistic non-makeup faces that correspond to the input makeup images. We additionally show that applications such as tuning the amount of makeup can be enhanced through the use of this method.
Über die Bildung von Mikroemulsionen im System Totöl/hochsalinares Formationswasser/ethoxyliertes anionaktives Tensid/Cotensid (1983)

Article Über die Bildung von Mikroemulsionen im System Totöl/hochsalinares Formationswasser/ethoxyliertes anionaktives Tensid/Cotensid was published on May 1, 1983 in the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents (volume 20, issue 3).
Real-Time Detection of Noroviruses in Surface Water by Use of a Broadly Reactive Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification Assay (2006)

Noroviruses are the most common agents causing outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis. Outbreaks originating from contaminated drinking water and from recreational waters have been described. Due to a lack of cell culture systems, noroviruses are detected mostly by molecular methods. Molecular detection assays for viruses in water are often repressed by inhibitory factors present in the environment, like humic acids and heavy metals. To study the effect of environmental inhibitors on the performance of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), we developed a real-time norovirus NASBA targeting part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. Specificity of the assay was studied with 33 divergent clones that contained part of the targeted RdRp gene of noroviruses from 15 different genogroups. Viral RNA originated from commercial oysters, surface waters, and sewage treatment plants in The Netherlands. Ninety-seven percent of the clones derived from human noroviruses were detected by real-time NASBA. Two clones containing animal noroviruses were not detected by NASBA. We compared the norovirus detection by real-time NASBA with that by conventional reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) with large-volume river water samples and found that inhibitory factors of RT-PCR had little or no effect on the performance of the norovirus NASBA. This consequently resulted in a higher sensitivity of the NASBA assay than of the RT-PCR. We show that by combining an efficient RNA extraction method with real-time NASBA the sensitivity of norovirus detection in water samples increased at least 100 times, which consequently has implications for the outcome of the infectious risk assessment.
A review of PET normalization (2013)

The advent of PET instrumentation signaled the beginning of a new perspective in nuclear medicine diagnostic imaging. PET systems rely on several corrections that must be applied in order to establish accurate and reliable quantification. The inherent properties of PET detector architecture and the crystals themselves are sources of different types of systematic and random errors with subsequent count rate variability that should be accounted for. Normalization is the correction dealing with these errors. In this work, the reasons resulting in this variability are explored and the different normalization approaches are described. Special focus is paid to component-based normalization, with an attempt to describe the discrete factors and discuss the underlying mechanisms of their contribution to sensitivity variations of the lines of response.
Cultured Kaposi's Sarcoma Cell Lines Express Factor XIIIa, CD14, and VCAM-1, but Not Factor VIII or ELAM-1 (1993)

Kaposi's sarcoma cell lines express several antigens linking them to dermal dendrocytes such as factor XIIIa, CD4, and CD14.
Determination of Polymer Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution by Reverse Phase Thin Layer Chromatography (1984)

Abstract Reverse phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC) and scanning densitometry was used to determine various molecular weight averages and the molecular weight distribution of broad molecular weight range samples of poly(styrene) and poly(methyl metharcylate). A basic program was developed which analyzes the analog signals from the scanner, calculates the desired parameters, prints the parameters, graphs the results and simultaneously displays the results on a CRT. The average molecular weight values obtained by this technique compare well to those obtained by other methods.
Studies on orally active cephalosporin esters. II. Chemical stability of pivaloyloxymethyl esters in phosphate buffer solution. (1989)

The degradation kinetics of pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) esters of cephalosporins in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6-8) were investigated. The degradation of the starting delta 3 cephalosporin ester proceeded mainly via isomerization to the delta 2 ester and subsequent hydrolysis to the delta 2 acid. Hydrolysis to the delta 3 acid (the parent acid) was very slow. Analysis of the rate constants indicated that the isomerization rate k12 was approximately equal to the apparent degradation rate of the delta 3 ester kdeg, and slower than the hydrolysis rate of the delta 2 ester k24. The isomerization process to the delta 2 ester was found to be the rate-determining step in the degradation of cephalosporin esters. The substituent at the C-3 position of the cephalosporins affected the degradation kinetics. The degradation was accelerated by increase of pH, buffer concentration and added protein.
Sensitivity of Multi-Stage Compressor Performance Assessment to Measurement Rake Positions (2020)

Abstract For an accurate performance assessment of a multi-stage compressor, the circumferentially non-uniform flow at the compressor exit needs to be understood and sampled in a way that minimizes uncertainties. To quantify the effect of the measurement rake positions in the exit duct on compressor performance a combined computational and experimental approach is used on a modern 4-stage compressor. The computational analysis is based on unsteady calculations of a 180-degree sector of the test compressor and experimental verification is provided by comparing to area-traverse data downstream of the outlet guide vanes. It is shown that the exit measurement rakes are subject to circumferential flow variations caused primarily by the combined effect of the potential field of the struts housed within the exit duct and the wakes originating from the outlet guide vanes. A circumferential camber pattern, applied to the outlet guide vanes, designed to shield the upstream compressor blade rows against the potential field of the exit struts, is found to reduce the amplitude of the circumferential variation in stagnation pressure and shift its circumferential phase. Recognizing that a smaller numerical model, consisting only of the last rotor, the outlet guide vanes and the exit struts, is sufficient to capture the relevant flow mechanisms, the circumferential variations in stagnation pressure and temperature at the rake position are quantified as a function of the exit capacity. The stagnation pressure and temperature uncertainty within a +/-2 deg circumferential range around the nominal rake position is found to be up to 2.25 times larger than the change of the nominal values over an 87.1–106.0% variation of the exit capacity. Three options to position the rakes to reduce the uncertainty in compressor efficiency are presented — moving the rake downstream as well as leaning and verniering the rakes over the outlet guide vane pitch. Moving the rake from the leading edge to the trailing edge plane of the exit struts reduced the efficiency uncertainty by 2.6%, while leaning and verniering the rakes reduced the efficiency uncertainty by 0.2% and 0.7% respectively. The knowledge gained from the large-scale, detailed CFD predictions can used to support future measurement campaigns.
Use of a pH meter for bacterial screening of whole blood platelets (2005)

pH screening of WBPs at issue prevented transfusion of bacterially contaminated WBPs and RBCs. This method, however, results in significant PLT wastage. Higher WBC and PLT content likely explains pH failures not due to bacterial contamination.
On the punchthrough characteristics of advanced self-aligned bipolar transistors (1987)

This paper presents a detailed two-dimensional numerical simulation study on the punchthrough characteristics of advanced self-aligned bipolar transistors utilizing a sidewall spacer technology. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of the sidewall spacer thickness. Perimeter punchthrough due to insufficient extrinsic-intrinsic base overlap is shown to be a major concern. The tradeoff between the punchthrough current and the maximum surface electric field in the depletion region of the extrinsic base-emitter junction, which relates closely to the perimeter tunneling current, is discussed.
Studies of dissolution phenomena in microlithography (1987)

Abstract During the dissolution process, polymer in the glassy state is, transported into a dilute solution. In some cases, a transition layer can be measured using laser interferometry. This layer is seen as a difference in reflected light intensity between the bare substrate and the maximum during dissolution. When poly(methyl methacrylate) dissolves in methyl ethyl ketone, the layer is not detectable below a polymer number‐average molecular weight of about 30,000. The layer becomes more pronounced as molecular weight of polymer increases.
Compact commercial 9 MeV Deuteron cyclotron with pulsed beam (2001)

A Compact commercial Cyclotron to accelerate negative Deutron ionsup to an energy of 9 MeV was built by EBCO Technologies Inc. The Injection line, Central region and Inflector have been designed to accept beam of 15 keV/A injection energy. A short pulse Buncher was provided to ensure acceleration of single beam bursts. Extensive computer simulations of beam injection and beam acceleration were made to find possible solutions for single turn extraction of high intensity beam. Special attention was paid to center accelerated beam to better than 0.8 mm, to minimize dispersion and to keep the radial emittance to less than 0.5 PI mm*mrad.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3586 (DacA) Is a Diadenylate Cyclase That Converts ATP or ADP into c-di-AMP (2012)

Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) are recently identified signaling molecules. c-di-GMP has been shown to play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis, whereas information about c-di-AMP remains very limited. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3586 (DacA), which is an ortholog of Bacillus subtilis DisA, is a putative diadenylate cyclase. In this study, we determined the enzymatic activity of DacA in vitro using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Our results showed that DacA was mainly a diadenylate cyclase, which resembles DisA. In addition, DacA also exhibited residual ATPase and ADPase in vitro. Among the potential substrates tested, DacA was able to utilize both ATP and ADP, but not AMP, pApA, c-di-AMP or GTP. By using gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation, we further demonstrated that DacA existed as an octamer, with the N-terminal domain contributing to tetramerization and the C-terminal domain providing additional dimerization. Both the N-terminal and the C-terminal domains were essential for the DacA's enzymatically active conformation. The diadenylate cyclase activity of DacA was dependent on divalent metal ions such as Mg(2+), Mn(2+) or Co(2+). DacA was more active at a basic pH rather than at an acidic pH. The conserved RHR motif in DacA was essential for interacting with ATP, and mutation of this motif to AAA completely abolished DacA's diadenylate cyclase activity. These results provide the molecular basis for designating DacA as a diadenylate cyclase. Our future studies will explore the biological function of this enzyme in M. tuberculosis.
Meta‐analysis of B type natriuretic peptide and N‐terminal pro B natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of clinical heart failure and population screening for left ventricular systolic dysfunction (2007)

Tests for BNP are helpful in the diagnosis of clinical HF or in screening for left ventricular systolic dysfunction and are superior to NTproBNP. In the clinical setting, test performance declined with increasing patient age.
Shape memory alloy temperature compensation for resonators (2003)

In this paper we present a method for designing temperature compensated cavity resonators using shape memory alloys (SMAs). This paper gives a formula for the temperature drift of resonant frequency, which is valid for any conductor-loaded cavity regardless of its shape. This formula is combined with a field perturbation model and used to derive mechanical design constraints from a temperature drift constraint. Experimental results are given that confirm the feasibility of the proposed design approach.