gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AOA-based localization and tracking in multi-element VLC systems (2015)

Visible light communication (VLC) is an emerging technology that is expected to be widely used for indoor wireless communications. Accurate localization of VLC equipment has a wide variety of applications in indoor scenarios, where GPS receivers do not work. This paper proposes a new and effective method for localization of VLC devices based solely on the connectivity information. Due to narrow field of view characteristics of connected LEDs, angle of arrival to an access point can be estimated accurately. Exploiting such features, a least square estimator is developed for location estimation, and a Kalman filter is utilized for improving the tracking performance of a mobile device. Simulation results show that average localization accuracies on the order 0.2 meters can be achieved in various different access point topologies.
A two-step method for estimating the parameters of induction machine models (2009)

This paper describes and demonstrates a mathematical algorithm that can monitor the physical parameters of the motor solely by observing the stator electrical currents. This method uses measurements of transient stator currents to identify the parameters of an electromechanical model of the induction motor. These parameters are obtained from a relatively poor initial guess, which is constrained only to be within an order of magnitude of the physical parameters, by using a two-step strategy based upon nonlinear least-squares regression techniques. This makes the approach in this paper useful for diagnostic monitoring and energy scorekeeping. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of this method on identifying the parameters of a 1 HP induction motor connected to a squirrel cage fan in an air-handling unit.
The route of action of sodium methoxide on 5‐Arylmethylene‐2‐Disubstituted amino‐4‐oxo‐2‐thiazolines (1981)

Abstract 5‐Arylmethylene‐2‐disubstituted amino‐4‐oxo‐2‐thiazolines 1a‐d reacted with six and two moles of sodium methoxide to give the 2‐mercaptocinnamic acid esters 6 and mixtures of 2,2 ‐dimethoxy‐4‐oxothiazolidines 4 and 2,4‐dioxothiazolidines 5 , respectively. The intermediate mixture of the sodium salt of 5‐aryImethylene‐2,2‐dimethoxy‐4‐oxothiazolidines 3 in the above mentioned transofrmations was established. The structures of 3, 4, 5 and 6 were based on analytical and spectral evidence. The route of conversion of 1 into 3, 4,5 and 6 was presented and discussed.
Platinum Nanoparticle Shape Effects on Benzene Hydrogenation Selectivity (2007)

Benzene hydrogenation was investigated in the presence of a surface monolayer consisting of Pt nanoparticles of different shapes (cubic and cuboctahedral) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB). Infrared spectroscopy indicated that TTAB binds to the Pt surface through a weak C-H...Pt bond of the alkyl chain. The catalytic selectivity was found to be strongly affected by the nanoparticle shape. Both cyclohexane and cyclohexene product molecules were formed on cuboctahedral nanoparticles, whereas only cyclohexane was produced on cubic nanoparticles. These results are the same as the product selectivities obtained on Pt(111) and Pt(100) single crystals in earlier studies. The apparent activation energy for cyclohexane production on cubic nanoparticles is 10.9 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol, while for cuboctahedral nanoparticles, the apparent activation energies for cyclohexane and cyclohexene production are 8.3 +/- 0.2 and 12.2 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol, respectively. These activation energies are lower, and corresponding turnover rates are three times higher than those obtained with single-crystal Pt surfaces.
Responding to a request to hasten death (2017)

Essential factsIntense media interest and a number of high-profile court cases have kept the assisted suicide debate in the public eye.
XII. IL-10-deficient (IL-10<sup>−</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>−</sup>) mice and intestinal inflammation (2000)

Interleukin (IL)-10(-/-) mice spontaneously develop intestinal inflammation characterized by discontinuous transmural lesions affecting the small and large intestine and by dysregulated production of proinflammatory cytokines. The uncontrolled generation of IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) T cells (Th1 type) has been shown to play a causal role in the development of enterocolitis affecting these mutants. This article discusses studies of IL-10(-/-) mice that have investigated the role of enteric organisms in triggering intestinal disease, the mediators responsible for initiating and maintaining intestinal disease, the role IL-10 plays in the generation and/or function of regulatory cells, and the results of IL-10 therapy in experimental animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and human patients with IBD.
Coal Tar Coatings for Protection Of Underground Structures (1957)

The history of the use of coal tar coatings for the protection of underground structures is discussed briefly. Specifications. are given for the following hot applied coatings: narrow range enamel, moderate range enamel, wide range enamel, AWWA enamel C 203-4 and hot pipeline enamel. Temperature ranges at which these coatings can best be used are shown graphically. Recommendations are made regarding the selection of a coating for a given underground condition. Specifications are given for a cold applied coal tar coating which has been used successfully by the Bureau of Yards and Docks and by the Bureau of Reclamation. The coating has a variety of names in industry and is a thick, almost non-flowing, thixotropic material produced basically from a coal digestion pitch. 5.4.5
Band-Sifting Decomposition for Image-Based Material Editing (2015)

Photographers often “prep” their subjects to achieve various effects; for example, toning down overly shiny skin, covering blotches, etc. Making such adjustments digitally after a shoot is possible, but difficult without good tools and good skills. Making such adjustments to video footage is harder still. We describe and study a set of 2D image operations, based on multiscale image analysis, that are easy and straightforward and that can consistently modify perceived material properties. These operators first build a subband decomposition of the image and then selectively modify the coefficients within the subbands. We call this selection process band sifting . We show that different siftings of the coefficients can be used to modify the appearance of properties such as gloss, smoothness, pigmentation, or weathering. The band-sifting operators have particularly striking effects when applied to faces; they can provide “knobs” to make a face look wetter or drier, younger or older, and with heavy or light variation in pigmentation. Through user studies, we identify a set of operators that yield consistent subjective effects for a variety of materials and scenes. We demonstrate that these operators are also useful for processing video sequences.
An Approach to Plant Layout Optimization (1999)

Modern CAD tools offer accurate 3D visualization and total data integrity. Assisting the plant engineer during the development of a conceptual plant layout offers the possibility of generating and comparing alternative layout concepts. The use of standards to estimate the total space for equipment and the use of standard constraints for a placement algorithm, which accelerates this time intensive planning process, are presented.
Re-discovering NK cell allo-reactivity in the therapy of solid tumors (2016)

Currently, refractory lymphoma or advanced solid tumors have an unfavorable prognosis as conventional therapies are often not curative while providing high levels of toxicity. Indeed, the overall survival of these patients is relatively short with a poor quality of life. This clinical evidence
Phase mammography - a new technique for breast investigation (1998)

A new phase radiography technique for investigation and diagnosis of neoplasms in breast tissue is proposed. Forty-four mammography samples with adenocarcinoma that had been prepared after mastectomy were tested in a new phase radiography device. It was shown that the phase images manifest the changes in parenchyma structure due to malignancy and microcalcifications up to 50 microm in size. Results obtained were verified by histological examination. A contrast of the phase images of small microcalcifications and distortions of the stroma architecture ranges up to 40-60%; spatial resolution is about 20 microm. The proposed technique offers outstanding possibilities for digital mammography. The small and large details of structure manifest themselves with practically the same contrast. Phase images differ from those obtained in mammography and many details still require further decoding.
Augmentation of leukocyte infiltration in murine tumors expressing B-cell derived but not nasopharyngeal carcinoma derived EBV membrane protein LMP1 (2000)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded latent membrane protein of B cell origin, B-LMP1 (B95-8 prototype) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) derived C-LMP1 (CAO prototype) were transfected individually in S6C adenocarcinoma cells of ACA (H-2f) origin. We have shown previously that inoculation of B-LMP1 expressing S6C cells led to tumor rejection in pre-immunized, immunocompetent syngeneic ACA mice, whereas the C-LMP1 transfectants were not immunogenic. Furthermore, B-LMP1 but not C-LMP1 expressing S6C cells grew with necrosis and extensive skin damage in non-immunized mice. A study was carried out to determine whether the in vivo growth pattern of S6C cells expressing two different LMP1 isolates could be correlated to any immunomodulatory mechanism. An increased infiltration of CD45+ leukocytes was found in B-LMP1 expressing S6C tumors originating in non-immunized, syngeneic ACA mice. The C-LMP1 expressors, vector transfectants and untransfected parental tumors had significantly lower number of infiltrating leukocytes. The immunoaccessory molecules ICAM-1, B7-1 and MHC Class I and II expression was unaltered in both B- and C-LMP1 transfectants. The data suggest that B-LMP1 but not C-LMP1 induce anti-tumor immune response.
An expiration age-based document placement scheme for cooperative web caching (2004)

The sharing of caches among proxies is an important technique to reduce Web traffic, alleviate network bottlenecks, and improve response time of document requests. Most existing work on cooperative caching has been focused on serving misses collaboratively. Very few have studied the effect of cooperation on document placement schemes and its potential enhancements on cache hit ratio and latency reduction. We propose a new document placement scheme which takes into account the contentions at individual caches in order to limit the replication of documents within a cache group and increase document hit ratio. The main idea of this new scheme is to view the aggregate disk space of the cache group as a global resource of the group and uses the concept of cache expiration age to measure the contention of individual caches. The decision of whether to cache a document at a proxy is made collectively among the caches that already have a copy of this document. We refer to this new document placement scheme as the Expiration Age-based scheme (EA scheme). The EA scheme effectively reduces the replication of documents across the cache group, while ensuring that a copy of the document always resides in a cache where it is likely to stay for the longest time. We report our study on the potentials and limits of the EA scheme using both analytic modeling and trace-based simulation. The analytical model compares and contrasts the existing (ad hoc) placement scheme of cooperative proxy caches with our new EA scheme and indicates that the EA scheme improves the effectiveness of aggregate disk usage, thereby increasing the average time duration for which documents stay in the cache. The trace-based simulations show that the EA scheme yields higher hit rates and better response times compared to the existing document placement schemes used in most of the caching proxies.
Improved contacts to semi-insulating GaAs photoconductive switches using a graded layer of InGaAs (1990)

High performance photoconductive switches are demonstrated using a molecular beam epitaxy grown graded layer of InxGa1−xAs to make an ohmic contact to semi-insultating GaAs. It is found that the graded layer results in a peak signal amplitude that is more than a factor of 2 larger than what is obtained using conventional alloyed AuGeNi contacts.
Synthesis of 2-alkylnaphth[2,1-d]oxazole-4,5-diones (1969)

Reaction of 3-acylamino-1,2-naphthoquinones with piperidine gives 4-piperidino-3-acylamino-1,2-naphthoquinones which on treatment with aluminum oxide undergo an internal addition–elimination reaction to yield 2-alkylnaphth[2,1-d]oxazole-4,5-diones.
New Xenograft Model of Multiple Myeloma and Efficacy of a Humanized Antibody Against Human Interleukin-6 Receptor (1997)

A new xenograft model of multiple myeloma (MM), where growth is strongly regulated by interleukin-6 (IL-6), was established in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. In this model, endogenous IL-6 from SCID mice was ineffective at eliciting growth of the established human MM cell line KPMM2; these cells achieved autonomous growth through their autocrine secretion of IL-6. The etiopathology in this disease model is consistent with that of human MM. When greater than 3 x 10(6) KPMM2 cells were injected intravenously (IV), tumors developed in all mice and were predominantly localized in their bone marrow. Tumors were also apparent in the lymph nodes, but absent from other organs. Immunostaining of cell surface antigen (CD38) showed that more than 40% of bone marrow cells in femur were of myeloma origin in the advanced stage of tumor progression (day 37). Histologic analysis of these mice show that bone marrow was largely occupied by plasmablastic cells and bones had developed osteolytic lesions at multiple sites. Concurrently, there was a decrease in bone density throughout the body and a significant increase in ionized plasma calcium. M-protein was detected in the serum within 10 days after transplantation, which correlated with the tumor progression. Between 30 and 40 days after the transplantation, mice presented with a rapid and severe loss of body weight, hind leg paralysis, and fatigue. Subsequently, the mice died within a week. A single IV injection of 0.2 mg humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody (hPM1) into mice on the day after tumor transplantation substantially suppressed the elevation of serum M-protein and development of the tumor-associated abnormalities and significantly increased in the life span of tumor-bearing mice. Our data show the usefulness of this model to analyze the pathologic role of IL-6 in MM and the efficacy of targeting the IL-6 receptor in IL-6-dependent KPMM2 cells.
LineDiff Entropy: Lossless Layout Data Compression Scheme for Maskless Lithography Systems (2013)

This letter presents a new lossless electron-beam layout data compression and decompression algorithm named LineDiff Entropy. The algorithm is designed to facilitate high volume data transfer and massively-parallel decompression in electron-beam direct-write lithography systems. LineDiff Entropy first compares consecutive electron-beam data scanlines and encodes the data based on change/no-change of pixel values and length of corresponding sequences. Then LineDiff Entropy utilizes the entropy encoding technique to assign unique short codes to data of frequent occurrence. Because the code format is simple and effective, LineDiff Entropy decompression can be achieved with limited computing resources. The benchmark results show that LineDiff Entropy is capable of achieving excellent compression factors and very fast decompression speed.
Optimal design of hybrid PV–diesel–battery system for power generation in Moradabad district of Uttar Pradesh, India (2011)

A simulation model is developed to determine the best size of hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–diesel–battery system to maintain an appropriate balance between the life cycle cost (LCC) and CO2 emission from the system. A computer program is developed to achieve this and to determine the specifications of hybrid system components. Decision variables included in the optimisation process are total area of PV arrays, number of modules of 100 Wp and batteries of 24 V and 150 Ah, diesel generator power, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions per day. The proposed method is applied to a residential colony of 135 houses in Moradabad, India. Simulation results indicate that a system with a PV penetration of 86.6% and a diesel fraction of 13.4% with a PV area of 1000 m2, 472 batteries of 24 V and 150 Ah and a diesel generator power of 11 kW is the best option having a minimum LCC of 976329.46$ for 25 years, fuel consumption of 24.22 L/day and CO2 emission of 62.99 kg/day.
Radiofrequency pulse design for the selective excitation of dissolved <sup>129</sup>Xe (2014)

Composite pulses provide a means of very narrow band frequency selectivity in a short duration pulse that is well suited to dissolved (129)Xe imaging. Pulse width modulation maintains the desired frequency response even in the presence of amplitude distortion.
improving human interface drawing tool using speech, mouse and key-board (2002)

This paper focuses on the utility of speech input. We proposed some principles of human-computer interaction, which consist of the basic principle and the organization principles of interface that are required for comfortable input systems. In applying these principles, we discuss the desired organization of interfaces using speech, mouse and key-board, and design a multimodal drawing tool S-tgif. We also verify the benefits of speech input by using the tool. It is shown that the multimodal drawing tool with speech recognition reduces the average operation time to 82%, the number of command inputs to 89%, and the movement of mouse pointer to 53% in evaluation with inexperienced users.
Electron emission near a triple point (2008)

Triple point, defined as the junction of metal, dielectric, and vacuum, is the location where electron emission is favored in the presence of a sufficiently strong electric field. In addition to being an electron source, the triple point is generally regarded as the location where flashover is initiated in high voltage insulation, and as the vulnerable spot from which rf breakdown is triggered. In this paper, we focus on the electric field distribution at a triple point of a general geometry, as well as the electron orbits in its immediate vicinity. We calculate the orbit of the first generation electrons, the seed electrons. We found that [1], despite the mathematically divergent electric field at the triple point, significant electron yield most likely results from secondary electron emission when the seed electrons strike the dielectric. The analysis gives the voltage scale in which this electron multiplication may occur. It also provides an explanation on why certain dielectric angles are more favorable to electron generation over others, as observed in previous experiments. Specifically, from the orbits of the seed electrons, we derive the range of angles θ, 0 ≫ θ ≫ −9.1°×(ε <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> + 1/ε <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> )×√E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0m</inf> /(1eV)/E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> /(40eV) which most likely produces secondary electron avalanche on the dielectric by a seed electron [1]. In Eq. (1), θ is the dielectric angle defined in Fig. 1, ε <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> is the relative dielectric constant, E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0m</inf> is the average emission energy of a secondary electron from the dielectric, and E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> is the first cross-over energy in the secondary electron yield curve. Figure 1 shows a comparison [2] between Eq. (1) with previous experimental results [3].
An activated form of type I serine/threonine kinase receptor TARAM-A reveals a specific signalling pathway involved in fish head organiser formation (1996)

The role of Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta)-related molecules in axis formation and mesoderm patterning in vertebrates has been extensively documented, but the identity and mechanisms of action of the endogenous molecules remained uncertain. In this study, we isolate a novel serine/threonine kinase type I receptor, TARAM-A, expressed during early zebrafish embryogenesis first ubiquitously and then restricted to dorsal mesoderm during gastrulation. A constitutive form of the receptor is able to induce the most anterior dorsal mesoderm rapidly and to confer an anterior organizing activity. By contrast, the wild-type form is only able to induce a local expansion of the dorsal mesoderm. Thus an activated form of TARAM-A is sufficient to induce dorsoanterior structures and TARAM-A may be activated by dorsally localized signals. Our data suggest the existence in fish of a specific TGF-beta-related pathway for anterior dorsal mesoderm induction, possibly mediated by TARAM-A and activated at the late blastula stage by localized dorsal determinant.
Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Reveals Selective Vulnerability of <i>ATRX</i> -Mutant Cancers to WEE1 Inhibition (2019)

The tumor suppressor gene <i>ATRX</i> is frequently mutated in a variety of tumors including gliomas and liver cancers, which are highly unresponsive to current therapies. Here, we performed a genome-wide synthetic lethal screen, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, to identify potential therapeutic targets specific for <i>ATRX</i>-mutated cancers. In isogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines engineered for ATRX loss, we identified 58 genes, including the checkpoint kinase <i>WEE1</i>, uniquely required for the cell growth of ATRX null cells. Treatment with the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 robustly inhibited the growth of several ATRX-deficient HCC cell lines <i>in vitro</i>, as well as xenografts <i>in vivo</i>. The increased sensitivity to the WEE1 inhibitor was caused by accumulated DNA damage-induced apoptosis. AZD1775 also selectively inhibited the proliferation of patient-derived primary cell lines from gliomas with naturally occurring <i>ATRX</i> mutations, indicating that the synthetic lethal relationship between <i>WEE1</i> and <i>ATRX</i> could be exploited in a broader spectrum of human tumors. As WEE1 inhibitors have been investigated in several phase II clinical trials, our discovery provides the basis for an easily clinically testable therapeutic strategy specific for cancers deficient in <i>ATRX</i>. SIGNIFICANCE: <i>ATRX</i>-mutant cancer cells depend on WEE1, which provides a basis for therapeutically targeting WEE1 in <i>ATRX</i>-deficient cancers.<i>See related commentary by Cole, p. 375</i>.