gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint low-rate feedback and channel quantization for the MIMO broadcast channel (2007)

For the downlink of a wireless cellular system where the base station (BS) uses multiple antennas in a beamforming configuration for a multiuser transmission (broadcasting), we investigate two techniques for quantizing the channel state information at the mobile terminal and feeding it back to the BS. In both cases quantization of channel vectors and feedback signaling are jointly designed in order to obtain a low-rate feedback (FB). In particular, we first consider a tree structure vector quantizer (VQ) of the channel vector with a novel metric, as an alternative to the classical mean square error. It is seen that the tree search allows to lower the FB signaling rate also in a time-varying environment. As an alternative, a predictive VQ is proposed. These two and other FB strategies were extensively compared in a typical cellular environment for different mobile speeds and FB rates.
Belascoarán y Heredia: detectives postcoloniales (2006)

Modern fluorescence microscopy applications go along with increasing demands for the employed fluorescent dyes. In this work, we compared antifading formulae utilizing a recently developed reducing and oxidizing system (ROXS) with commercial antifading agents. To systematically test fluorophore performance in fluorescence imaging of biological samples, we carried out photobleaching experiments using fixed cells labeled with various commonly used organic dyes, such as Alexa 488, Alexa 594, Alexa 647, Cy3B, ATTO 550, and ATTO 647N. Quantitative evaluation of (i) photostability, (ii) brightness, and (iii) storage stability of fluorophores in samples mounted in different antifades (AFs) reveal optimal combinations of dyes and AFs. Based on these results we provide guidance on which AF should preferably be used with a specific dye. Finally, we studied the antifading mechanisms of the commercial AFs using single-molecule spectroscopy and reveal that these empirically selected AFs exhibit similar properties to ROXS AFs.
Z-Source B4 Inverters (2007)

Inverters designed using reduced active semiconductor devices can be of interest to the industry because of their lower cost and enhanced reliability linked to their less complex gating and control circuitries. Despite their simplicity, most of the reduced component count inverters reported to date can only either perform voltage-buck or boost operation with buck-boost operation usually attained by adding additional actively controlled dc-dc converters. Although effective, the adding of dc-dc converters introduces additional active switches, which somehow dilute advantages associated with a reduced component count topology. Proposing alternative configurations with a reduced active semiconductor count, this paper discusses the systematic design of a number of Z-source B4 inverters, whose buck-boost capability is attained passively by inserting LC elements and clamping diodes. Visually, the proposed inverters are configured to actively supply two phases of a three-phase load with the third phase passively clamped using clamping diodes. The inverters can operate without dead-time protection, which together with the lower active element count, further simplify the inverter control and gating circuitries, hence enhancing reliability. To validate the inverter performance and practicality, experimental testing is performed with a set of representative results presented in the paper for viewing. Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed inverters, as compared to existing circuitries, are also discussed in the paper.
Pressure as a tool in crystal engineering: inducing a phase transition in a high-Z′ structure (2010)

Methyl 2-(carbazol-9-yl)benzoate is unusual in crystallising with eight molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit (Z′ = 8). Under high pressure it transforms to a Z′ = 2 structure. The molecules in the Z′ = 2 phase have unfavourable conformations, but these are stabilised in the crystal by their efficient packing at high pressure.
Bacteriophage-typing designations of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (1977)

The phage-typing scheme of Callow (1959) has been extended. The original number of types was 34; this has now risen to 207. Tables are presented which show the provisional type designations and the definitive designations now being introduced.
Spaceborne Fiber-Optic Data Bus: A Small Satellite Perspective (2007)

Small-satellite system developers are poised to benefit from yet another technology that was developed with large satellites in mind: standards-based, broadband, on-board payload data networks. Large and small remote-sensing satellite payloads are continuing to advance to higher data rates thereby significantly increasing the demands on on-board networks. The networked satellite payloads include combinations of components commonly found on small satellites: sensors, processors, formatters, storage devices (recorders), broadband downlinks and payload controllers. An effective data-handling network for either type of satellite must support real-time data, must be fault tolerant and must be able to withstand the rigorous conditions of launch as well as the space environment. The Space-borne Fiber Optic Data Bus (SFODB) is the next generation in on-board data-handling networks. Designed specifically to support real-time broadband payload data with precise deterministic latency, it will do for high-speed payloads and small satellites what SAE 1553 has done for on-board command and telemetry systems. That is, SFODB will significantly reduce the cost and time of payload development, integration and testing through interface standardization. The SFODB network is also highly reliable, fault tolerant, and capable of withstanding the rigors of launch and space. SFODB achieves this operational and environmental performance while providing the small size, light weight, and low power necessary for small-satellite applications. SFODB utilizes fiber-optic components for subsystem interconnect, eliminating the need for cable-to-cable and box-to-box EMI mitigation. This paper will describe the SFODB architecture and its benefits for small satellites; the current set of flight transmitters, receivers and protocol ASICs that have been developed; the Development & Evaluation System; and planned component developments by DoD, NASA, and industry organizations.
Range Ecology of the Porcupine Caribou Herd in Canada (1993)

Effect of analysis at different times 91 Differences between periods 91 Differences among years Fecal sample
The effect of daylength on the development of glasshouse celery (1989)

SummarySummaryThe developmental responses of November-sown celery to daylength were investigated in daylight, controlled-environment cabinets. At a maintained temperature of 10°C flower initiation and 'bolting' occurred eventually regardless of the daylength regime. However, both night-break lighting (applied for various durations from planting onwards) and short days (applied after various numbers of natural days) delayed the onset of flower initiation and retarded stem elongation.There appeared to be no 'critical daylength' for these responses. The morphological effects of daylength on celery were distinct: night-break lighting produced plants with a more erect habit, longer leaves (petiole + lamina) and fewer side-shoots; short-day conditions induced a more rosette-like habit, shorter leaves and a proliferation of side-shoots. The results are discussed in relation to the possibilities for manipulating the daylength to prevent or delay flowering and bolting in commercial crops harvested in the spring.
The Spread of Behavior in an Online Social Network Experiment (2010)

How do social networks affect the spread of behavior? A popular hypothesis states that networks with many clustered ties and a high degree of separation will be less effective for behavioral diffusion than networks in which locally redundant ties are rewired to provide shortcuts across the social space. A competing hypothesis argues that when behaviors require social reinforcement, a network with more clustering may be more advantageous, even if the network as a whole has a larger diameter. I investigated the effects of network structure on diffusion by studying the spread of health behavior through artificially structured online communities. Individual adoption was much more likely when participants received social reinforcement from multiple neighbors in the social network. The behavior spread farther and faster across clustered-lattice networks than across corresponding random networks.
Predictive accuracy and sources of variability in calculated free testosterone estimates (2009)

If FT measurements are requested and direct measurement impractical, cFT formulae using TT and SHBG immunoassays provide an approximation to direct FT measurement that is strongly dependent on the TT, cFT formula used and, to a lesser extent, SHBG immunoassays.
Study of Properties of Medical Compression Fabrics (2011)

Compression garments apply pressure to the body to provide health benefits, such as increasing the blood circulation, shaping the body and supporting healing after medical procedures. Fabrics used for compression garments are elastic, and the amount of fabric stretching and the ability of maintaining the stretching force are directly related to the compression effectiveness. However, there is currently little information about the fabric and its mechanical properties, and there is a demand from compression garment manufacturers to better understand the fabric properties and their serviceability. This paper studied the physical and mechanical properties of 4 Nylon/Spandex knitted fabrics as commercial medical compression garments. In particular, fabric elasticity and bursting strength were examined to demonstrate the applicability of the fabrics for providing satisfactory compression. It was observed that the compression garment fabrics had an open knitted structure with stable dimensions, and Spandex was only present in the wale direction. Tensile assessment revealed that the compression fabrics were strong and their breaking extension was well beyond 200%. The fabric stretching force had a near linear relationship with its elongation when the fabric was stretched upto 100% extension. After fatigue stretching, the average immediate recovery of compression fabrics examined was more than 95% and the average elastic recovery after an extended period of relaxation was at least 98%. High fabric bursting strength and compression extension were also found. The results of fabric physical and mechanical properties from this study are very important for understanding whether a fabric is suitable for engineering compression garments, and also for estimating the required compression force for designing an individualised compression garments with the medical compression fabrics.
Dynamics of temperature dependent optical properties of tissue: dependence on thermally induced alteration (1996)

Thermal damage in heated bovine myocardial tissue is assessed from measured changes in total reflection and transmission of light. Mathematical expressions, based on random walk analysis of light propagation within tissue slabs, are used to relate the diffuse reflection and transmittance to the absorption coefficient, mu a, and effective scattering coefficient, mu's, for samples of myocardial tissue which were subjected to rapid step changes in temperature. Time-dependent changes in mu's, indicate two processes, one with a fast and temperature-dependent rate the other with a slow and apparently temperature-independent rate. For final temperatures above 56.8 degrees C and for the first 500 s after the temperature change, the optical parameters are well fit by exponential forms that exhibit temperature-dependent time constants as predicted by Arrhenius reaction rate theory of thermal damage. The scattering changes are associated with an apparent activation energy, delta E, of 162 kJ/mole and a frequency constant, A, of 3 x 10(23) s-1. This method provides a means for estimating optical coefficients which are needed to assess laser tissue dosimetry.
Corticosterone Infused Intracerebroventricularly Inhibits Energy Storage and Stimulates the Hypothalamo-Pituitary Axis in Adrenalectomized Rats Drinking Sucrose (2002)

When allowed to drink sucrose, bilaterally adrenalectomized (ADX) rats exhibit normal weight gain, food intake, sympathetic neural activity, and ACTH compared with sham-ADX rats. Furthermore, ADX rats drinking sucrose have normal corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA throughout brain. In ADX rats without sucrose, all of these variables are abnormal. Systemic corticosterone (B) replacement also restores these variables in ADX rats to normal. To test whether B acts centrally, we infused B or saline intracerebroventricularly into ADX rats under basal conditions and after repeated restraint. Rats were exposed to no stress or 3 h/d restraint for 3 d. Body weights and food and fluid intakes were measured. Brains were analyzed using immunocytochemistry against glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and CRF. Intracerebroventricular B blocked the positive effects of sucrose on metabolism, increased basal ACTH concentrations, and augmented ACTH responses to restraint on d 3. B-infused rats exhibited nuclear GR staining in perirhinal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei, showing that infused B spreads effectively. CRF staining in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus was higher in B- than in saline-infused rats. We conclude that under basal conditions B acts systemically, but not in the brain, to restore metabolism and neuropeptides after adrenalectomy. By contrast, tonic GR occupancy in brain initiates metabolic and ACTH responses characteristic of stress.
FESPACO 2009: Concern (2010)

A popular festive event, a convivial get-together, and the opportunity to discover and promote the latest African productions, FESPACO, the biennial rendezvous of African film, is well loved. In 2009, as ever, FESPACO remained the site of meetings and debates, a festival forum. But the sharp increase in organizational problems so hampered the 2009 edition that they cannot afford to be overlooked. And if FESPACO 2009 raised concerns, it wasn’t only for organizational reasons either.
BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR EXPRESSION IN PEYRONIE'S DISEASE (2001)

These data demonstrate the successful establishment of cell lines from plaque tissue and normal tunica from men with Peyronie's disease. The findings indicate a potential role for basic FGF over expression in the tunical fibrosis that occurs in this condition. This information may allow a better understanding of the basic mechanisms involved in the development of this disease. Furthermore, it may permit the elaboration of therapeutic strategies to prevent or reduce tunical scarring and plaque formation.
Visual analysis of microblog content using time-varying co-occurrence highlighting in tag clouds (2012)

The vast amount of contents posted to microblogging services each day offers a rich source of information for analytical tasks. The aggregated posts provide a broad sense of the informal conversations complementing other media. However, analyzing the textual content is challenging due to its large volume, heterogeneity, and time-dependence. In this paper, we exploit the idea of tag clouds to visually analyze microblog content. As a major contribution, tag clouds are extended by an interactive visualization technique that we refer to as time-varying co-occurrence highlighting. It combines colored histograms with visual highlighting of co-occurrences, thus allowing for a time-dependent analysis of term relations. An example dataset of Twitter posts illustrates the applicability and usefulness of the approach.
Cell fusion contributes to the rescue of apoptotic cardiomyocytes by bone marrow cells (2012)

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is an important contributor to the progressive cardiac dysfunction that culminates in congestive heart failure. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) restore cardiac function following ischaemia, and transplanted BMCs have been reported to fuse with cells of diverse tissues. We previously demonstrated that the myogenic conversion of bone marrow stromal cells increased nearly twofold when the cells were co-cultured with apoptotic (TNF-α treated) cardiomyocytes. We therefore hypothesized that cell fusion may be a major mechanism by which BMCs rescue cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. We induced cellular apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The TUNEL assay demonstrated an increase in apoptosis from 4.5 ± 1.3% in non-treated cells to 19.0 ± 4.4% (P < 0.05) in treated cells. We subsequently co-cultured the apoptotic cardiomyocytes with BMCs and assessed cell fusion using flow cytometry. Fusion was rare in the non-treated control cardiomyocytes (0.3%), whereas H(2)O(2) treatment led to significantly higher fusion rates than the control group (P < 0.05), with the highest rate of 7.9 ± 0.3% occurring at 25 μM H(2)O(2). We found an inverse correlation between cell fusion and completion of cardiomyocyte apoptosis (R(2) = 0.9863). An in vivo mouse model provided evidence of cell fusion in the infarcted myocardium following the injection of BMCs. The percentage of cells undergoing fusion was significantly higher in mice injected with BMCs following infarction (8.8 ± 1.3%) compared to mice that did not undergo infarction (4.6 ± 0.6%, P < 0.05). Enhancing cell fusion may be one method to preserve cardiomyocytes following myocardial infarction, and this new approach may provide a novel target for cardiac regenerative therapies.
HLA DQB1*03 Genotypes and Susceptibility to Cervical Cancer in Indian Women (2005)

AbstractDNA from i) fresh tissues derived out of 89 women with CaCx (61 HPV16/18 positive) and ii) cervical scrapes from 213 cytologically normal women (73 HPV16/18 positive) were genotyped for HLA DQB1*03 by PCR and RFLP. The distribution of the genotypes of HLA DQB1*03 differed significantly between the malignant and control subjects (p= 0.022). The homozygous genotype was overrepresented among those having CaCx (ORage-adjusted= 2.94, 95% CI= 1.49-5.81, p=0.002), or HPV16/18 positive CaCx (ORage-adjusted =2.32, 95% CI= 1.07-5.01; p=0.033), when this was compared to the other genotypes (HLADQB1*03 non-homozygous, i.e. heterozygous and null together). Analysis restricted to the HPV16/18 positive CaCx and cytologically normal subjects failed to show such association. The heterozygous genotype, instead, showed a negative association with HPV16/18 positive CaCx over the null genotype (ORage-adjusted =0.42, 95% CI= 0.18-0.96; p=0.040) when HPV16/18 positive CaCx cases were compared with HPV negative cytologically normal controls. The association of HLA DQB1*03 homozygosity with CaCx was noted among those of age < 47 years. The genotypes of HLA DQB1*03 are likely to be important in determining the susceptibility to HPV or HPV16/18 related CaCx in Indian women.Key Words: Cervical cancerhuman papillomavirusHLA DQB1*03 genotypesage of subjects
Degradation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene by Persulfate and Steel Waste Powder (2010)

ABSTRACT We investigated the oxidation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) by persulfate (S2O8 2-) activated with steel waste powder via a series of batch experiments. We hypothesized that the addition of steel waste powder into a persulfate-water system would enhance the oxidation of DNT with activated persulfate. Compared to reductive transformations of DNT by steel waste powder, DNT was rapidly removed via oxidation by steel waste powder-activated persulfate and through reduction by steel waste powder in a steel waste powder-persulfate system. As the amount of steel waste powder increased, removal of DNT increased until there was complete removal in the presence of 10 g of steel waste powder and 250 mg/L of persulfate under the given conditions. In contrast, additions of Fe2+ resulted in only 20% removal by Fe2+- activated persulfate under identical conditions. Oxidation of reductive products of DNT (2-amino-4-nitrotoluene, 2-nitro-4-aminotoluene, and 2,4-aminotoluene) by steel waste powder-activated persulfate was significantly enhanced as reduction proceeded. Our results suggest that DNT may be effectively removed by steel waste powder and/or steel waste powder-activated persulfate in soils and aquifers.
Mo- and Ti-silicided low-resistance shallow junctions formed using the ion implantation through metal technique (1987)

Mo-and Ti-silicided junctions were formed using the ITM technique, which consists of ion implantation through metal (ITM) to induce metal-Si interface mixing and subsequent thermal annealing. Double ion implantation, using nondopant ions (Si or Ar) implantation for the metal-Si interface mixing and dopant ion (As or B) implantation for doping, has resulted in ultrashallow ( ≤ 0.1-µm) p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -n or n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -p junctions with ∼30-Ω sheet resistance for Mo-silicided junctions and ∼5.5-Ω sheet resistance for Ti-silicided junctions. The leakage current levels for the Mo-silicided n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -p junctions (0.1-µm junction depth) and the Mo-silicided p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -n junction (0.16-µm junction depth) are comparable to that for unsilicided n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -p junction with greater junction depth ( ∼0.25 µm).
ChemInform Abstract: Salt‐Templated Open Frameworks (CU‐2): Novel Phosphates and Arsenates Containing M<sub>3</sub>(X<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sup>2‐</sup> (M: Mn, Cu; X: P, As) Micropores 5.3 Å and 12.7 Å in Diameter. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inherent Limitations of Volumetric Solar Receivers (1996)

The flow in volumetric absorbers is investigated using a simple mathematical model. It is found that there are several restrictions and failure mechanisms that are inherent to the volumetric absorber, regardless of the precise structural details, material properties, etc. The heat that the absorber can extract safely is limited by flow-related constraints. Multiple steady solutions exist for certain parameter values: a “fast” solution corresponding to a low exit temperature, a “slow” solution which is unstable, and a “choked” solution for which the absorber is near to stagnation temperature. The existence of multiple solutions may lead to abrupt local “switching” and absorber failure. For a given irradiance applied to the absorber, the existence and the character of the solutions are determined by a single dimensionless parameter, the Blow parameter B. Neglecting the variation of the hydraulic resistivity with temperature may lead to a dangerous overestimate of the receiver’s ability to sustain irradiation. For reasonable efficiencies control of mass flow or outlet temperature of the absorber, rather than pressure control, may be required.