gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 150-MS/s 8-b 71-mW CMOS time-interleaved ADC (2005)

A pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture suitable for high-speed (150 MHz), Nyquist-rate A/D conversion is presented. At the input of the converter, two parallel track-and-hold circuits are used to separately drive the sub-ADC of a 2.8-b first pipeline stage and the input to two time-interleaved residue generation paths. Beyond the first pipeline stage, each residue path includes a cascade of two 1.5-b pipeline stages followed by a 4-b "backend" folding ADC. The full-scale residue range at the output of the pipeline stages is half that of the converter input range in order to conserve power in the operational amplifiers used in each residue path. An experimental prototype of the proposed ADC has been integrated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and operates from a 1.8-V supply. At a sampling rate of 150 MSample/s, it achieves a peak SNDR of 45.4 dB for an input frequency of 80 MHz. The power dissipation is 71 mW.
Parthenogenetic activation of bovine oocytes using bovine and murine phospholipase C zeta (2008)

Injection of PLCZ1 cRNA efficiently activated bovine oocytes by inducing a sperm-like calcium oscillatory pattern. Importantly, the high rate of aneuploidy encountered in parthenogenetic embryos activated by certain chemical means was not observed in PLCZ1 activated embryos.
In vitro and in vivo secondary structure probing of the thrS leader in Bacillus subtilis (1998)

The Bacillus subtilis thrS gene is a member of the T-box gene family in Gram-positive organisms whose expression is regulated by a tRNA-mediated transcriptional antitermination mechanism involving a direct tRNA:mRNA interaction. The complex leader sequences of these genes share only short stretches of primary sequence homology, but a common secondary structure has been proposed by comparing the leaders of many genes of this family. The proposed mechanism forthe tRNA:mRNA interaction depends heavily on the secondary structure model, but is so far only supported by genetic evidence. We have studied the structure of the B.subtilis thrS leader in solution, in protection experiments using both chemical and enzymatic probes. The thrS leader structure was also probed in vivo using dimethylsulphate and the in vitro and in vivo data are in good accordance. We have organized the thrS leader into three major domains comprising six separate stem-loops. All but one of the short sequences conserved in this gene family are present in loop structures. The ACC specifier codon proposed to interact with the tRNAThrGGUisoacceptor is present in a bulge and probably exists in a stacking conformation. The proposed antiterminator structure is not visible in transcripts containing the terminator, but was probed using a transcript with the 3'-half of the terminator deleted and its folding appears consistent with the regulatory model. The leader sequences, and in particular the specifier domains, of the other genes of this family can be folded similarly to the experimentally solved thrS structure.
The role of likelihood and entropy in incomplete-data problems: Applications to estimating point-process intensities and toeplitz constrained covariances (1987)

The principle of maximum entropy has played an important role in the solution of problems in which the measurements correspond to moment constraints on some many-to-one mapping h(x). In this paper we explore its role in estimation problems in which the measured data are statistical observations and moment constraints on the observation function h(x) do not exist. We conclude that: 1) For the class of likelihood problems arising in a complete-incomplete data context in which the complete data x are nonuniquely determined by the measured incomplete data y via the many-to-one mapping y = h(x), the density maximizing entropy is identical to the conditional density of the complete data given the incomplete data. This equivalence results by viewing the measurements as specifying the domain over which the density is defined, rather than as a moment constraint on h(x). 2) The identity between the maximum entropy and the conditional density results in the fact that maximum-likelihood estimates may be obtained via a joint maximization (minimization) of the entropy function (Kullback-Liebler divergence). This provides the basis for the iterative algorithm of Dempster, Laird, and Rubin [1] for the maximization of likelihood functions. 3) This iterative method is used for maximum-likelihood estimation of image parameters in emission tomography and gammaray astronomy. We demonstrate that unconstrained likelihood estimation of image intensities from finite data sets yields unstable estimates. We show how Grenander's method of sieves can be used with the iterative algorithm to remove the instability. A bandwidth sieve is introduced resulting in an estimator which is smoothed via exponential splines. 4) We also derive a recursive algorithm for the generation of Toeplitz constrained maximum-likelihood estimators which at each iteration evaluates conditional mean estimates of the lag products based on the previous estimate of the covariance, from which the updated Toeplitz covariance is generated. We prove that the sequence of Toeplitz estimators has the property that they increase in likelihood, remain in the set of positive-definite Toeplitz covariances, and has all of its limit points stable and satisfying the necessary conditions for maximizing the likelihood.
Stop-and-restart style execution for long running decision support queries (2007)

Long running decision support queries can be resource intensive and often lead to resource contention in data warehousing systems. Today, the only real option available to the DBAs when faced with such contention is to carefully select one or more queries and terminate them. However, the work done by such terminated queries is entirely lost even if they were very close to completion and these queries will need to be run in their entirety at a later time. In this paper, we show how instead we can support a Stop-and-Restart style query execution that can leverage partially the work done in the initial query execution. In order to re-execute only the remaining work of the query, a Stop-and-Restart execution would need to save all the previous work. But this approach would clearly incur high overheads which is undesirable. In contrast, we present a technique that can be used to save information selectively from the past execution so that the overhead can be bounded. Despite saving only limited information, our technique is able to reduce the running time of the restarted queries substantially. We show the effectiveness of our approach using real and benchmark data. 1.
High critical current silver-Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8-x</sub> superconducting multilayer ribbons produced by rolling (1992)

Multilayer ribbons have been fabricated from 0.004 in. thick silver strips, coated with Bi-2212 powder. After stacking and sealing in an evacuated silver box and cold-rolling to a 0.023 in. thick sandwich, very encouraging superconductive behavior has been observed. At 4.2 K such a ribbon carried critical currents of 200 A and 100 A, respectively, in fields of 0 T and 2.8 T, correspond to current density values of 4.2 {times} 10{sup 4} A/cm{sup 2} and 2.1 {times} 10{sup 4}A/cm{sup 2}; at 77 K the current decreased to 2.5 A in zero field. Considerable grain alignment in the superconductor was noted close to the silver sheath in ribbons with these results.
Low resistance intracavity-contacted oxide-aperture VCSELs (1998)

The authors study, analytically and experimentally, the extrinsic series resistance in intracavity-contacted vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). Low resistance, low threshold-current, intracavity-contacted VCSELs are fabricated, with resistances ranging from 355 /spl Omega/ for 4-μm square apertures to 80 /spl Omega/ for 12-μm square apertures and threshold voltages as low as 1.35 V. To the best of our knowledge, these are the lowest values reported for this type of VCSEL. The threshold currents range from 270 μA for 4 μm×4 μm apertures to 850 μA for 12 ×12 μm. From a comparison of the resistance as a function of oxide aperture radius, the measured data follows closely with the calculated data, demonstrating the validity of the derived expressions for series resistance.
Seismic pulses obtained from the analysis of direct waves: A comparison to simulated pulses obtained with modeled notionals (2000)

This paper discusses a deterministic signature-estimation method for marine seismic data. This method assumes that the direct wave is known and all notionals can be represented as a scaled version of an effective notional.
The design of drip irrigation system requires the knowledge of water distribution in the soil, which may be described and predicted by solving the flow through porous media equations. The software HYDRUS-2D simulates the three dimensional axi-symmetric wa (2024)

The design of drip irrigation system requires the knowledge of water distribution in the soil, which may be described and predicted by solving the flow through porous media equations. The software HYDRUS-2D simulates the three dimensional axi-symmetric water flow; solute transport, root water and nutrient uptake based on finite-element numerical solutions of the flow equations. In a field study, conducted for 3 years (1999-2002), HYDRUS-2D was used for simulation of moisture distribution pattern in the root zone of onion crop grown in sandy loam soil. The performance of HYDRUS -2D was evaluated by comparing its simulated value with the observed soil moisture patterns through certain indicators such as average absolute error (AAE), average relative error (ARE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Range of AAE (-5.65 to -2.86), ARE (0.112 to 0.147) and RMSE (3.58 to 6.10) indicate good match between simulated and observed soil moisture patterns, and hence, HYDRUS-2D is recommended for use as a tool for simulation of soil moisture distribution in onion fields
Unheated serum reagin test as a quantitative test for syphilis (1982)

The unheated serum reagin (USR) test, a standard qualitative test for syphilis, was evaluated for use as a quantitative test for the serodiagnosis of syphilis and as a means of determining the effectiveness of treatment. Tests were performed on 664 syphilitic sera from treated and untreated patients in the primary, secondary, and latent stages of the disease. Also included were 95 false-positive sera and 36 sera from presumably normal donors. The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory slide and rapid plasma reagin 18-mm circle card tests were used as a basis for comparison with the USR test. Results of the USR quantitative test paralleled the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory and rapid plasma reagin card quantitative tests with approximately 84% agreement. The advantages of the USR test make the findings of this study significant in that: (i) less technical manipulation is required to perform the USR test than the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory slide test; (ii) no labor cost is incurred for daily Venereal Disease Research Laboratory antigen preparation; and (iii) the USR antigen is less expensive than the rapid plasma reagin card tests antigen.
A novel cell structure for 4 M bit full feature EEPROM and beyond (2002)

A novel EEPROM cell structure is proposed, which realizes a small cell size of 9.72 mu m/sup 2/ by using 0.8- mu m minimum feature size. The cell fabricated has sufficient cell threshold windows which extend to more than 5 V and program cell current of more than 80 mu A at a nominal program voltage of 12 V. The cell endurance is more than 10/sup 4/ erase/write cycles. A 4 Mb full-feature EEPROM can be acquired using this cell structure. The full-feature EEPROM cell has neither disturb nor overerasure problems, which are very difficult obstacles for flash EEPROM development, and can be operated by single and low-voltage external power supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adhesion co-receptor expression and intracellular signalling in HIV disease: implications for immunotherapy (1995)

Objectives: To investigate, in lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals, the phenotypic expression of various adhesion co- or counter-receptors [lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-3, LFA-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1] involved in providing the co-stimulatory signal through the phospholipase C-γ pathway in relation to inositol polyphosphate metabolism. Design and methods: Cell adhesion molecule profiles of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 39 HIV-1-infected individuals at various stages of infection and 20 healthy laboratory controls were studied using flow cytometry. These were studied in 14 patients with late-stage disease in conjunction with their inositol polyphosphate metabolic profiles measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Levels of HIV-1 present in cell lysates were concurrently measured by a p24 antigen capture assay. In addition, the effects of a specific anti-ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotide on the intracellular phosphatase activities of lymphocytes from a separate group of eight HIV-1-infected individuals were examined. Results: The expression of LFA-1, a β2 integrin, was upregulated among patient PBL in parallel with disease progression, whereas that of LFA-3 (CD58) was found to be significantly reduced among the CD4+ lymphocyte subset in all stages of infection. The 5-phosphatase activity, which we previously observed to be defective in HIV disease, was found to correlate linearly with the expression of both LFA-1 and its ligand, ICAM-1. Treatment of patient lymphocytes with an antisense oligonucleotide, which reduced the cell surface expression of ICAM-1 by blocking the translation of its mRNA, resulted in further reduction of intracellular phosphatase activities. Conclusions: Our results suggest a pivotal role for adhesion co- and counter-receptors in influencing lymphocyte signalling and hence cellular response to recall antigens in HIV-1-infected individuals. AIDS 1995, 9:337-343
Diffuse optical tomography of the breast: a potential modifiable biomarker of breast cancer risk with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2019)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a diffuse optical tomography breast imaging system (DOTBIS) can provide a comparable optical-based image index of mammographic breast density, an established biomarker of breast cancer risk. Oxyhemoglobin concentration (ctO<sub>2</sub>Hb) measured by DOTBIS was collected from 40 patients with stage II-III breast cancer. The tumor-free contralateral breast was used for this evaluation. We observed a moderate positive correlation between the patient's mammogram density classification and ctO<sub>2</sub>Hb, r<sub>s</sub> = 0.486 (p = 0.001). In addition, significant reduction in ctO<sub>2</sub>Hb levels were noted during neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment (p = 0.017). This observation indicates that ctO<sub>2</sub>Hb levels measured by DOTBIS could be a novel modifiable imaging biomarker of breast cancer risk and warrants further investigation.
Application of LASERS to Digital Communications (1962)

Revolutionary developments taking place in the field of light generation show promise of providing a means for transmitting digital information over vast distances in space at extremely high rates. These developments stem from the generation of coherent light by devices called LASERS (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation). This paper gives a brief description of LASER operation and discusses the applicability of the device to certain aerospace vehicular digital communications requirements. An earth-moon link is an alyzed from the standpoint of beamwidth, power, and aiming requirements. It is shown that a system utilizing a coherent optical transmitter of less than 1 w and a conventional photodetector would be capable of transmitting digital information over this link at megacycle rates. The bandwidth limitation here is imposed by lack of a suitable modulator rather than by any theoretical bound, and the power level is dictated by earth background noise and a usable transmitter and receiver beam angle. Improvements which can be made on this rather simple system by increasing bandwidth and improving detection efficiency, tracking accuracy, and LASER techniques are pointed out. Curves showing basic limitations and interdependence of system parameters are plotted.
Wide dynamic range phase-comparator using an analogue shift register (1980)

A new phase-comparator using bucket brigade device (BBD) is proposed. It is composed of a conventional phase-comparator with a phase shifter using BBD in the feedback path. Its dynamic range is wider than that of the conventional phase-comparator. This phase-comparator will find many applications, such as a demodulator for the widely phase-modulated wave and a component for PLL.
Modulation of Membrane Permeability, Cell Proliferation and Cytotoxicity of Antitumor Agents by External ATP in Mouse Tumor Cells (1992)

External ATP causes a remarkable change in the passive permeability of the plasma membrane in several types of transformed cells. When mouse melanoma cells, Clone-M3, were exposed to ATP in Tris-buffered saline, a great increase in the passive permeability was induced within several minutes. Longer exposure of Clone-M3 cells to external ATP led to a decrease in cell viability. Similar results were obtained with Ehrlich ascites cells, but none of these ATP effects were noted in untransformed cells such as NIH 3T3 cells or BALB/c mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of antitumor agents (5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin C and nimustine hydrochloride) against Clone-M3 cells were additively potentiated by treatment with external ATP, which also synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of vincristine. However, the effects of these drugs on mouse embryonic fibroblasts were not modulated by ATP. These results suggest that ATP-treatment is a useful means of enhancing a selective toxicity for tumor cells.
Distributing the Kalman Filter for Large-Scale Systems (2008)

This paper presents a distributed Kalman filter to estimate the state of a sparsely connected, large-scale, n -dimensional, dynamical system monitored by a network of N sensors. Local Kalman filters are implemented on n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> -dimensional subsystems, n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> Lt n, obtained by spatially decomposing the large-scale system. The distributed Kalman filter is optimal under an Lth order Gauss-Markov approximation to the centralized filter. We quantify the information loss due to this Lth-order approximation by the divergence, which decreases as L increases. The order of the approximation L leads to a bound on the dimension of the subsystems, hence, providing a criterion for subsystem selection. The (approximated) centralized Riccati and Lyapunov equations are computed iteratively with only local communication and low-order computation by a distributed iterate collapse inversion (DICI) algorithm. We fuse the observations that are common among the local Kalman filters using bipartite fusion graphs and consensus averaging algorithms. The proposed algorithm achieves full distribution of the Kalman filter. Nowhere in the network, storage, communication, or computation of n-dimensional vectors and matrices is required; only n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> Lt n dimensional vectors and matrices are communicated or used in the local computations at the sensors. In other words, knowledge of the state is itself distributed.
The single-source shortest paths algorithms and the dynamic programming (2008)

In this paper we are going to present a teaching—learning method that help students look at three single-source shortest paths graph-algorithms from a so called "upperview": the algorithm based on the topological order of the nodes, the Dijkstra algorithm, the Bellman-Ford algorithm. The goal of the suggested method is, beyond the presentation of the algorithms, to offer the students a view that reveals them the basic and even the slight principal differences and similarities between the strategies. In order to succeed in this object, teachers should present the mentioned algorithms as cousin dynamic programming strategies.
Shake-and-bake translation (1992)

Article Free AccessShake-and-bake translation Share on Author: P. Whitelock Sharp Laboratories of Europe Ltd., Oxford, U.K. Sharp Laboratories of Europe Ltd., Oxford, U.K.View Profile Authors Info & Claims COLING '92: Proceedings of the 14th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2August 1992 Pages 784–791https://doi.org/10.3115/992133.992190Published:23 August 1992 15citation504DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations15Total Downloads504Last 12 Months40Last 6 weeks24 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Optical methods for blood perfusion measurement—theoretical comparison among four different modalities (2015)

Blood perfusion in human tissue can be measured in vivo by means of various optical methods, which seem to be very different from one another. The most prominent examples of them are laser Doppler flowmetry, laser speckle contrast imaging, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, and the most recently developed diffuse speckle contrast analysis. In this paper, we claim that these four seemingly different modalities are examining different aspects of the same entity-the temporal autocorrelation function of scattered photons. We will show how the observables in each modality can be theoretically derived from the temporal autocorrelation function, and will discuss the merits and drawbacks of each modality in its practical use.
76. Reactions of the cobaltic ion. Part II. The kinetics of the reaction of the cobaltic ion with formic acid (1951)

C. E. H. Bawn and A. G. White, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 339 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510000339
Prevention of passively transferred experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by an in vitro selected RNA aptamer (2003)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG), are mainly caused by autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors (AChR) located in the postsynaptic muscle membrane. Previously, we isolated an RNA aptamer with 2'-fluoropyrimidines using in vitro selection techniques that acted as an effective decoy against both a rat monoclonal antibody called mAb198, which recognizes the main immunogenic region on the AChR, and a significant fraction of patient autoantibodies with MG. To investigate the therapeutic potential of the RNA, we tested the ability of the RNA aptamer to protect the receptors in vivo from mAb198. Clinical symptoms of EAMG in rats engendered by passive transfer of mAb198 were efficiently inhibited by a truncated RNA aptamer that was modified with polyethylene glycol, but not by control scrambled RNA. Moreover, the loss of AChR in the animals induced by the antibody was also significantly blocked with the modified RNA aptamer. These results suggested that RNA aptamers could be applied for antigen-specific treatment for autoimmune diseases including MG.