gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Responses to a Virtual Reality Grocery Store in Persons with and without Vestibular Dysfunction (2006)

People with vestibular dysfunction often complain of having difficulty walking in visually complex environments. Virtual reality (VR) may serve as a useful therapeutic tool for providing physical therapy to these people. The purpose of this pilot project was to explore the ability of people with and without vestibular dysfunction to use and tolerate virtual environments that can be used in physical therapy. We have chosen grocery store environments, which often elicit complaints from patients. Two patients and three control subjects were asked to stand and navigate in VR grocery stores while finding products. Perceived discomfort, simulator sickness symptoms, distance traveled, and speed of head movement were recorded. Symptoms and discomfort increased in one subject with vestibular dysfunction. The older subjects traveled a shorter distance and had greater speed of head movements compared with young subjects. Environments with a greater number of products resulted in more head movements and a shorter distance traveled.
ENCAPSULATION OF CATALASE AND PEG-CATALASE IN ERYTHROCYTE (2001)

Reactive partially reduced oxygen species such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH) are produced in aerobically growing organisms during normal cellular respiration. To provide an effective defense against these reactive species, many aerobic organisms have evolved a multienzyme defense which includes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. The superoxide anion may cause appreciable cellular damage by oxidizing aminoacids or by causing DNA strand breakage. Catalase was covalently immobilized on activated methoxypolyethyleneglycol-5000 and catalase and PEG-catalase were encapsulated in erythrocyte. Enzyme activity, encapsulation yield and hemograme analysis were determined for each sample. The erythrocyte shape of the samples were investigated by using phase contrast microscopy.
BARD1 serum autoantibodies for the detection of lung cancer (2017)

The BARD1 lung cancer test shows higher sensitivity and specificity than previously published blood tests for lung cancer detection and/or diagnosis or CT scans, and it could detect all types and all stages of lung cancer. This BARD1 lung cancer test could therefore be further developed as i) screening test for early detection of lung cancers in high-risk groups, and ii) diagnostic aid in complementing CT scan.
Civil society, NGOs, and development in Ethiopia - a snapshot view (2000)

The study provides an overview of the emerging civil society in Ethiopia, within the continuing move toward representative democracy in the last eight years, its non-governmental sector struggles for definition, operating space, and enhanced institutional capacity. Civil society remains weak, and under-developed, given the historical centralized power, exacerbated by the government's view that civil society opposes political action, despite nonpartisan orientation by the vast majority. Nonetheless, the progress achieved since 1991 by civil society is impressive, increasingly vibrant, and relevant to the nation's political, and economic revitalization. Private business is growing, academic freedom is returning to the institutions of higher learning, and professional associations are forming, with a significant number of national, indigenous non-governmental organizations (NGOs) growing, and expanding its capacity to address the country's development agenda. However, compared with other African countries, NGOs' sector is small, with limited operating capacities, noticeably confined to Addis Ababa. The study aims at providing suggestions to approach a dialogue on partnership, to be organized by the Bank, and Ethiopian NGOs in the transition from absolute authoritarianism, and command economy, to an evolving democracy, and economic liberalization.
Potential Modulated Multilayer Deposition of Multisegment Cu/Ni Nanowires with Tunable Magnetic Properties (2006)

Potential modulated multilayer deposition has been used to fabricate a series of multisegment Cu/Ni nanowires with diameters in the range of 40−140 nm. We show how the composition and microstructure are dependent on the deposition potential. The aspect ratio of the ferromagnetic nickel segments was varied from 0.1 (disk-shaped) to 2.5 (rod-shaped). The coercivity and remanence of the nanowires are strongly dependent on the diameter and aspect ratio as well as on dipolar coupling between the ferromagnetic segments. Micromagnetic simulations were used to model the magnetization hysteresis loops. These results show how potential modulated multilayer deposition can be used to tailor the properties of ferromagnetic particles.
Cardiac Pacemaker Oscillation and Its Modulation by Autonomic Transmitters (1979)

1. A scheme is presented which summarizes the activation and deactivation of the membrane currents which underlie pacemaking in the natural pacemaker of the heart. 2. Experimental evidence (mostly obtained using the voltage-clamp technique) for the properties of the time-dependent membrane currents in pacemaking tissue of the frog and the rabbit is discussed. 3. The mode of the inhibitory action of acetylcholine on pacemaker cells is considered. In the amphibian pacemaker cell, acetylcholine probably reduces slow inward current (as it certainly does in amphibian atrium) but in mammalian sino-atrial node it seems that such action, if present at all, is much less marked. In the pacemakers of both amphibian and mammal, acetylcholine greatly increases outward potassium current and there is recent evidence that it may do so by opening up a special acetylcholine-activated potassium channel. 4. Adrenaline greatly increases the slow inward current in pacemaker as in other cardiac tissues. This increase, together with (in mammal at least) an increased change of an additional pacemaking current, overrides an adrenaline-induced increase in outward current and leads to acceleration of the pacemaking rate. 5. The Appendix contains a brief consideration of the experimental and theoretical basis for the method of exponential separation of outward current components in the presence of the extracellular potassium accumulation that inevitably accompanies the flow of outward membrane current.
Dynamical Arrest in Attractive Colloids: The Effect of Long-Range Repulsion (2005)

We study gelation in suspensions of model colloidal particles with short-ranged attractive and long-ranged repulsive interactions by means of three-dimensional fluorescence confocal microscopy. At low packing fractions, particles form stable equilibrium clusters. Upon increasing the packing fraction the clusters grow in size and become increasingly anisotropic until finally associating into a fully connected network at gelation. We find a surprising order in the gel structure. Analysis of spatial and orientational correlations reveals that the gel is composed of dense chains of particles constructed from face-sharing tetrahedral clusters. Our findings imply that dynamical arrest occurs via cluster growth and association.
RECIPROCAL SOLUBILITY OF THE NORMAL PROPYL ETHERS OF 1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND WATER. CLOSED SOLUBILITY CURVES. II (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRECIPROCAL SOLUBILITY OF THE NORMAL PROPYL ETHERS OF 1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND WATER. CLOSED SOLUBILITY CURVES. IIHenry L. Cox, William L. Nelson, and Leonard H. CretcherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1927, 49, 4, 1080–1083Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1927https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01403a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01403a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tween 80 effect on bacteriocin synthesis by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris J46 (1996)

Sorbitan polyoxyethylene monooleate (Tween 80) suppressed bacteriocin cell adhesion. Within the range 0-1% (v/v), there was an increase in bacteriocin production in regulated (pH 5.5 or 6.0) batch cultures with increasing Tween 80 concentration. For example, at pH 5.5 and in the presence of 1% Tween 80, bacteriocin production was about fourfold higher than in its absence. However, further increase in Tween 80 concentration did not result in a significant modification of the bacteriocin titre. It was shown that the increase was not linked to an activating effect of the surfactant on preformed enzyme, to an increase of bacteriocin availability or to a sensitization of the target cell, demonstrating that Tween 80 promoted bacteriocin production.
Passive range sensor using multi-focus images (2002)

A focus-based passive range sensor is presented. As a basic principle this range sensor uses Asada et al's method (1993), which models the blurring of an ideal linear step edge and calculates edge depth by fitting this model to multi-focus images. However the applicability of their method to a real scene is open, because the assumption of an ideal linear step edge is not always true, especially in real scenes. In order to deal with this problem, we first detect a resolution level focused edge position without any specific model. Then using the fact that edge point intensity is focal invariant, we adaptively select the proper focal scope within which the linear step edge model can be applied by changing a focus parameter sequentially around a resolution level focused edge position. The experiments show that the prototype range sensor can estimate depth of a general edge including centers at a distance of 2.5 m with 0.43% accuracy.
Electrical breakdown of liquid hydrocarbons in a test cell with one rotating electrode (1989)

The electrical breakdown of liquid n-pentane, n-hexane, cyclo-hexane, and n-decane was investigated in a test cell with one electrode rotating. Two different electrode geometries were used: sphere-rotating sphere and sphere-rotating plane. The applied voltage was increased slowly at a constant rate until breakdown occurred. The breakdown voltage was found to decrease with increasing rotary velocity except at very low values, where a slight increase of the breakdown voltage was observed. A simple method is presented that qualitatively explains the observed effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE "INTELLIGENT DATA CARRIER" (1999)

Generally in advanced countries, the cost of logistics is relatively recognized higher than other countries. Thus, low cost and efficient logistics is required and the state of art technology that contributes high efficiency logistics is needed. On the other hand, the speed of IT (information technology) development becomes faster. The speed of development of logistics area also becomes faster and will have more features of IT. As an infrastructure, ITS is expanding not only in passenger's area, but also in logistics area. Especially the technology in the area of the data carrier, smart ID card, RFID (Radio Frequency ID) tag and so on are penetrating into the logistics area deeply as an information transmitter, information distributor, information controller and information integrator. Thus, authors focus on the cutting edge data carrier technology. In this report, a new concept of next generation data carrier is proposed to enable to assure logistics period. To realize it, the new data carrier that has a data carrying capability as well as sensing capability has been established. (A*) For the covering abstract see ITRD E110327.
Radar polarimetric signatures of fire plumes in Oklahoma (2008)

Radar observations of wild fire plumes in Oklahoma carried out with the prototype of dual polarization S‐band WSR‐88D weather radar are presented. The observations show that the copolar correlation coefficients between horizontally and vertically polarized returns in the plumes are mostly less than 0.4 and this can be used in identification of plumes.
Vaccines for Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: the Future Is Now (2015)

Infections due to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae result in enormous global morbidity in two clinical settings: otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recurrent otitis media affects up to 20% of children and results in hearing loss, delays in speech and language development and, in developing countries, chronic suppurative otitis media. Infections in people with COPD result in clinic and emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and respiratory failure. An effective vaccine would prevent morbidity, help control health care costs, and reduce antibiotic use, a major contributor to the global crisis in bacterial antibiotic resistance. The widespread use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines is causing a relative increase in H. influenzae otitis media. The partial protection against H. influenzae otitis media induced by the pneumococcal H. influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine represents a proof of principle of the feasibility of a vaccine for nontypeable H. influenzae. An ideal vaccine antigen should be conserved among strains, have abundant epitopes on the bacterial surface, be immunogenic, and induce protective immune responses. Several surface proteins of H. influenzae have been identified as potential vaccine candidates and are in various stages of development. With continued research, progress toward a broadly effective vaccine to prevent infections caused by nontypeable H. influenzae is expected over the next several years.
A sub-optimum non-linear distortion compensation scheme for orthogonal multi-carrier modulation systems (2002)

This paper proposes a new non-linear distortion compensation scheme for orthogonal multi-carrier modulation systems. Multi-carrier modulation is considered as an effective technique for high speed digital transmission in a multipath fading environment. The proposed scheme, which is based on the maximum likelihood (ML) detection, can compensate the performance degradation due to non-linear distortion. However an ideal ML receiver requires a huge computational cost and is not feasible. To reduce the computational cost required for ML detection, the proposed scheme employs a sub-optimum estimation algorithm. Instead of evaluating all the possible sequences, the proposed scheme evaluates sequences which differs only by one bit from the sequence decoded by the conventional bit by bit receiver. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme can compensate the degradation due to non-linear distortion effectively.
Initiation in einem Polyribosomen-abhängigen Protein-synthetisierenden zellfreien System aus Saccharomyces / Initiation in a Polyribosome-Dependent Protein-Synthesizing Cell-Free System from Saccharomyces (1976)

A method to prepare polyribosomes from yeasts by using the french-press is described. The highest yield of polyribosomes was derived from late log-phase cells. These polyribosomes, incubated in a cell-free system, were able to reinitiate protein synthesis, which was shown by inhibiting aminoacid incorporation by aurintricarboxylic acid, edeine and sodiumfluoride. We developed the translational system in order to look for the optimal ion-conditions of a DNA-dependent protein-synthesizing system. We found out that at the optimal MgCl2-concentration (6 mM) protein synthesis was strongly inhibited by Mangan ions which are required for transcription in yeast. If protein-synthesis was carried out with 2 mM and 3 mM MgCl2 maximal aminoacid incorporation was observed at 2 mM and 1.5 mM MnCl2.
Absence of Evidence Is Not Evidence of Absence (2014)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Adiponectin in chronic kidney disease is related more to metabolic disturbances than to decline in renal function (2004)

Despite an adverse metabolic environment in chronic renal insufficiency, serum adiponectin increases in non-obese patients when renal function deteriorates. Adiponectin is only weakly affected by renal function per se, but appears influenced by proteinuria, and more significantly by body mass index and the change in serum leptin that accompanies decline in renal function.
CHROMOGENIC SUBSTRATE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAYS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF CLOTTING FUNCTION (1981)

Spectrophotometric assays for the measurement of coagulation factor activities in plasma have been developed using a relatively specific chromogenic substrate for thrombin. The tissue-factor-activated assay system involves the activation of factors VII and X and prothrombin. The surface-activated assay system involves the activation of factors XII, PK, XI, IX, VII, X and prothrombin using factors V and VIII as cofactors. The thrombin generated subsequent to activation in these two assay systems is measured via its activity on the chromogenic substrate Sarc-Pro-Arg-pNA. These spectrophotometric assays provide a higher degree of sensitivity as compared with the clotting time assays. The tissue-factor-activated system provides a sensitive method for monitoring coumarin therapy. The surface-activated assay system can detect deficiencies of all the factors measured by the conventional APTT assay system, as well as factor VII. Furthermore, this assay provides a sensitive method for monitoring heparin therapy.
Human retinal gene therapy for Leber congenital amaurosis shows advancing retinal degeneration despite enduring visual improvement (2013)

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) associated with retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein 65 kDa (RPE65) mutations is a severe hereditary blindness resulting from both dysfunction and degeneration of photoreceptors. Clinical trials with gene augmentation therapy have shown partial reversal of the dysfunction, but the effects on the degeneration are not known. We evaluated the consequences of gene therapy on retinal degeneration in patients with RPE65-LCA and its canine model. In untreated RPE65-LCA patients, there was dysfunction and degeneration of photoreceptors, even at the earliest ages. Examined serially over years, the outer photoreceptor nuclear layer showed progressive thinning. Treated RPE65-LCA showed substantial visual improvement in the short term and no detectable decline from this new level over the long term. However, retinal degeneration continued to progress unabated. In RPE65-mutant dogs, the first one-quarter of their lifespan showed only dysfunction, and there was normal outer photoreceptor nuclear layer thickness retina-wide. Dogs treated during the earlier dysfunction-only stage showed improved visual function and dramatic protection of treated photoreceptors from degeneration when measured 5-11 y later. Dogs treated later during the combined dysfunction and degeneration stage also showed visual function improvement, but photoreceptor loss continued unabated, the same as in human RPE65-LCA. The results suggest that, in RPE65 disease treatment, protection from visual function deterioration cannot be assumed to imply protection from degeneration. The effects of gene augmentation therapy are complex and suggest a need for a combinatorial strategy in RPE65-LCA to not only improve function in the short term but also slow retinal degeneration in the long term.
Ultrafast and precision drilling of glass by selective absorption of fiber-laser pulse into femtosecond-laser-induced filament (2018)

The extremely intense light emitted from femtosecond laser pulses enables micro-drilling of glass. However, there are problems in femtosecond laser drilling, including low drilling speed and the damage during drilling. Because the volume removed by one femtosecond laser pulse is too small, hundreds of pulses must be focused on a single spot to create a hole with a diameter of 10 μm and a depth of over 100 μm. Furthermore, strong stress waves generated during the processing cause damage around the hole. In our research, we achieved ultrafast and precision drilling by coaxially focusing a single femtosecond laser pulse and a fiber laser pulse, with a wavelength that is transparent to the glass. A hole with a diameter of 10 μm and a depth of 133 μm was created in 40 μs, which indicates that the drilling speed was over 5000 times faster than that of conventional femtosecond laser drilling. By investigating the phenomena occurring after laser irradiation, we demonstrated that ultrafast drilling occurred because the fiber laser pulse was selectively absorbed by a high-aspect-ratio filament induced by the femtosecond laser pulse. Moreover, damage generation was inhibited because the material was thermally removed. The results help expand the range of applications for femtosecond laser processing in industry.
Deeper Insights Into Graph Convolutional Networks for Semi-Supervised Learning (2018)

Many interesting problems in machine learning are being revisited with new deep learning tools. For graph-based semi-supervised learning, a recent important development is graph convolutional networks (GCNs), which nicely integrate local vertex features and graph topology in the convolutional layers. Although the GCN model compares favorably with other state-of-the-art methods, its mechanisms are not clear and it still requires considerable amount of labeled data for validation and model selection. In this paper, we develop deeper insights into the GCN model and address its fundamental limits. First, we show that the graph convolution of the GCN model is actually a special form of Laplacian smoothing, which is the key reason why GCNs work, but it also brings potential concerns of over-smoothing with many convolutional layers. Second, to overcome the limits of the GCN model with shallow architectures, we propose both co-training and self-training approaches to train GCNs. Our approaches significantly improve GCNs in learning with very few labels, and exempt them from requiring additional labels for validation. Extensive experiments on benchmarks have verified our theory and proposals.