gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meeting the Needs of Monitoring in Tissue Engineering (2007)

Tissue engineering is a rapidly growing field that aims to develop biological substitutes that restore, maintain or improve tissue function. The focus of research to date has been the underlying biology required for tissue-engineered therapies. However, as tissue-engineered products reach the marketplace, there is a pressing need for an improved understanding of the engineering and economic issues associated with them. This is motivated by the lack of commercial viability of many of the initial therapies that have been produced. It has been suggested in the literature that this is partly due to poor process and system design in tissue production, as well as a lack of process monitoring and control. This review argues that principles of design, measurement and process monitoring from the physical sciences are needed to move tissue engineering forward, and that much of the technology needed to realize this is already available.
A sonar aid to enhance spatial perception of the blind: engineering design and evaluation (1974)

The design of an air sonar device with a new form of binaural display is described which aids the blind in perceiving their environment. Some of the limitations of knowledge of human perception and the influence this has on a specification for the device are discussed. Inherent limitations in the binaural aid both in terms of technology development and performance are also explained. The paper described what is expected of the man-machine control system in a mobility setting and discusses the technique of evaluating a manmachinesystem so as to assess the machine performance.
ADSORPTIVE BUBBLE SEPARATION METHODS—Foam Fractionation and Allied Techniques (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTADSORPTIVE BUBBLE SEPARATION METHODS—Foam Fractionation and Allied TechniquesRobert. LemlichCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1968, 60, 10, 16–29Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50706a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50706a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1152Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Protein stability and resistance to oxidative stress are determinants of longevity in the longest-living rodent, the naked mole-rat (2009)

The widely accepted oxidative stress theory of aging postulates that aging results from accumulation of oxidative damage. Surprisingly, data from the longest-living rodent known, naked mole-rats [MRs; mass 35 g; maximum lifespan (MLSP) > 28.3 years], when compared with mice (MLSP 3.5 years) exhibit higher levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA oxidative damage even at a young age. We hypothesize that age-related changes in protein structural stability, oxidation, and degradation are abrogated over the lifespan of the MR. We performed a comprehensive study of oxidation states of protein cysteines [both reversible (sulfenic, disulfide) and indirectly irreversible (sulfinic/sulfonic acids)] in liver from young and old C57BL/6 mice (6 and 28 months) and MRs (2 and >24 years). Furthermore, we compared interspecific differences in urea-induced protein unfolding and ubiquitination and proteasomal activity. Compared with data from young mice, young MRs have 1.6 times as much free protein thiol groups and similar amounts of reversible oxidative damage to cysteine. In addition, they show less urea-induced protein unfolding, less protein ubiquitination, and higher proteasome activity. Mice show a significant age-related increase in cysteine oxidation and higher levels of ubiquitination. In contrast, none of these parameters were significantly altered over 2 decades in MRs. Clearly MRs have markedly attenuated age-related accrual of oxidation damage to thiol groups and age-associated up-regulation of homeostatic proteolytic activity. These pivotal mechanistic interspecies differences may contribute to the divergent aging profiles and strongly implicate maintenance of protein stability and integrity in successful aging.
Nickel in foods and the diet (1987)

Food has been found to be the main source of nickel intake by man. Nickel was fairly evenly distributed throughout the various food groups examined but highest concentrations of nickel were found in the canned vegetables, sugars and preserves, and bread and cereals food groups, suggesting a contribution from food processing equipment and, possibly, food cans. Mean dietary nickel intakes in the UK (1981-4) were between 0.14 and 0.15 mg/day. The contribution made to dietary nickel intakes by nickel from food utensils and cookware is discussed.
International Collaboration in Multilayered Center-Periphery in the Globalization of Science and Technology (2007)

This article analyzes international scientific collaboration in the context of the globalization of science and technology as a crossing point not only between local and global identities but also between scientific and sociocultural identities. It also elucidates how international collaboration—where middle scientific actors in the hierarchical multilayered center-periphery in the globalization of science and technology obtain advanced knowledge from core science and technology—takes place and structures the global division of research labor. This article emphasizes that we should develop the context of the globalization of science and technology with dynamic and interdependent interactions between multistructured, core-periphery scientific actors. Dichotomous colonialist discourse is not a useful analytical tool in this context. The author found that sociocultural factors, including economic, cultural, organizational, and political ones, as well as the multilayered center-periphery in the globalization of science and technology, operate as forces that encourage international collaboration.
Development and Use of High Density Fracturing Fluid in Deep Water Gulf of Mexico Frac and Packs (2008)

Abstract In the Gulf of Mexico, there has been an increase in the number of wells drilled to depths greater than 20,000 ft with bottomhole pressures exceeding 20,000 psi. These deeper wells present drilling and completion challenges to the industry. Two of these challenges include fracture stimulation for low permeability and frac and pack sand control for higher permeability. Because of the high fracture gradient and friction in the wellbore tubulars, a conventional 1.0 to 1.04 SG fracturing fluid would require surface treating pressures greater than 15,000 psi. In the offshore marine environment, 15,000 psi pressure is the current limit of the flexible treatment line that transmits fluid from the stimulation equipment on the marine vessel to the wellhead on the rig. To solve this limitation, a borate-crosslinked high-density fracturing (HDF) fluid with of up to 1.38 was developed to harnesses the power of gravity and reduce the amount of surface treating pressure required to achieve adequate bottomhole fracturing pressure without exceeding the safety limits of the surface equipment. In numerous wells, a minimum of 20% reduction in surface treating pressure over the conventional 1.04 SG was recorded. This paper summarizes the well conditions, extensive fluid qualification testing, procedures, and selected job results along with final completion performance indicators. The HDF fluid enables treatment of these deep offshore wells by lowering surface treating pressure. Conventional 15,000 psi equipment could be used, less horsepower was required, and creating a safer work environment was achieved.
Effect of Pulse Shaping on Autocorrelation Function of Barker and Frank Phase Codes (2014)

Phase coded pulse-compression is a commonly used technique in a variety of applications; for example to improve resolution in range-finding applications. In this paper, we consider two phase codes- binary Barker code of length 13 and polyphase Frank code of length 9. The effects of using four different pulse shapes (Rectangular, Triangular, Gaussian, and Exponential) on these two phase codes are assessed using the autocorrelation function. The performance parameters (Peak Sidelobe Level (PSL), Integrated Sidelobe Level (ISL), and 3dB mainlobe widths) derived from the autocorrelation function are compared and discussed. Possible applications are discussed based on the excellent properties demonstrated by exponential pulse shape for these two phase codes.
The Nature Handbook (2005)

This book is a field guide that explores and explains the patterns of nature, providing new insight into observations of the natural world. The text offers scientifically current explanations of more than 225 observable patterns, along with a brief list of sources for further study. The descriptions add understanding of the principles and interactions that underlie these patterns, and include distinct behaviors and adaptations as well as broad distributional patterns. With about one page devoted to each observation, this book offers an ecological perspective and insight. The descriptions are grouped into 14 chapters and cover features that one may observe in individual plants and animals as well as in habitats such as mountains, wetlands, and forests. Curiosity about the world around us is a basis for human learning, and this book aims to generate interest in the many stories of the living world.
Validation of the Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST). A comparative study. (1994)

With the aim of investigating the predictive value of the Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST) with respect to regulatory rat-rabbit procedures, we compared the results of testing 50 chemicals of different pharmacological properties. Besides all being tested in the alternative technique, 27 substances were tested both in rats and rabbits, 22 only in the rat, and one only in the rabbit, respectively. The predictive value of CHEST with respect to the both official whole-animal procedures was found satisfactory, exhibiting about 80% consistent results. It is argued that the purpose of alternative testing methods is not in replacing the official routine procedures, but in contributing to the development of new predictive systems based on recent teratological knowledge.
"Take One Get One Free": Leveraging P2P Networks for Content Promotion (2006)

The nature of digital content is undergoing a radical transformation due to the growing infusion of user-generated content. Users that generate content have a strong motivation to actively promote their content in order to achieve publicity, recognition or to simply spread their viewpoints, knowledge and creations. Existing content sharing mechanisms available to such users, such as in P2P file sharing, are pull-based, relegating the user to a passive role. To enable active participation from users, we propose Promoter, a framework that enhances P2P file sharing systems to support content promotion in addition to the available pull-based content search. Promotion is enabled by publicizing a user's content to peers and disseminating the content by incentivizing peers to download and further propagate it.
"ZEAL": An Aesthetic Revolution for Education. (2012)

Aristotle maintained that there is nothing in the intellect which was not first in the senses; it is equally and more obviously true of the imagination (Standing, 1962, p. 339). Why have public education mandates in America denied and rejected the sacred imaginative realm within all children, thereby segregating or categorizing the arts as frivolous or unnecessary? The arts in America as proposed by Goodman (1976) are typically kept segregated and marginalized by common educational practices. Goodman chose to name the annual Harvard educational conference Project Zero, because America understands “zero” about the arts. Goodman‟s research presented the psychology of art and the critical levels of thinking provoked by art and aesthetic education. Like Goodman, Greene (1978) proposed that art and aesthetics reveal our “perceptual reality that underlies our cognitive structures of a primordial landscape in which we present ourselves” (p. 213). Eisner (2002) also warns of a culture devoid of the arts. If we continue along this path of alienation from the arts and our very nature, we invariably are at risk as a society:
Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy with Sodium Phosphate Solution versus Polyethylene Glycol-Based Lavage: A Multicenter Trial (2008)

These data fail to demonstrate significant differences in tolerability, acceptance, and preparation quality between the three types of bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Cleansing with NaP was not superior to PEG-ELS.
Microplasma synthesis of metal nanoparticles for gas-phase studies of catalyzed carbon nanotube growth (2007)

Catalytic properties of metal nanoparticles toward gas-phase carbon nanotube (CNT) growth are presented. Narrow dispersions of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) nanoparticles are prepared in a direct current microplasma reactor and subsequently introduced with acetylene (C2H2) and hydrogen (H2) into a heated flow furnace to catalyze CNT growth. Aerosol size classification and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show that CNT growth occurs on Ni particles at lower temperatures than that for similarly produced Fe nanoparticles. Activation energies of 117 and 73kJ∕mol are found for Fe and Ni catalyst particles, respectively, suggesting that CNT growth occurs by carbon surface diffusion.
Molecular Basis of the extreme dilution mottled Mouse Mutation (2004)

8 pages, 4 figures.-- PMID: 15572362 [PubMed].-- The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AY526904.-- Open Access version available at the publisher's site.
Improve Production Efficiency and Predict Machine Tool Status using Markov Chain and Hidden Markov Model (2018)

Industrial intelligence is the most popular issue in the industry. Building models based on the different conditions of each algorithm can significantly increase production efficiency and reduce costs. On the other hand, Prevention of machine downtime is the most important part of industrial intelligence as well. This study believes that reducing downtime can improve efficiency and reduce costs. So we simulate this situation and predict base on different unit time by means of Markov chain as well as Hidden Markov Model. The Markov chain can show which idle reason may cause the machine to malfunction. In addition, Hidden Markov models can help managers arrange personnel and prevent potential failures based on past status sequences. Therefore, This study concludes the accuracy upper 86 percent, so the research can help the managers to make decision and improve production efficiency.
The Effects of Silicone Fluid Additives and Silicone Elastomer Matrices on Barnacle Adhesion Strength (2003)

Barnacle adhesion strength was used to screen seventy-seven polydimethylsiloxane elastomeric coatings for fouling-release properties. The test coatings were designed to investigate the effect on barnacle adhesion strength of silicone fluid additive type, additive location, additive molecular weight, additive loading level, mixtures of additives, coating matrix type and coating fillers. The type of silicone fluid additive was the primary controlling factor in barnacle fouling-release. The type of silicone matrix in which the fluid resided was found to alter the effect on fouling-release. Two PDMS fluids, DMSC15 and DBE224, significantly reduced the adhesion strength of barnacles compared to unmodified elastomers. Optimum fouling-release performance was dependent on the interaction of fluid type and elastomeric matrix.
Biological Assembly of Hybrid Inorganic Nanomaterials (2007)

The assembly of two or more inorganic nanoparticles results in hybrid materials with enhanced properties. These include improvements in catalytic activity, changes in optical behavior, and potential gains in electronic properties. However, these are only attained through precise synthetic control of the resulting material with respect to structure, organization, size, and composition. Fortunately, biological systems are exceptional at the synthesis and assembly of diverse inorganic materials at many different length scales; and as result, has inspired many different approaches towards the biomimetic synthesis of hybrid inorganic materials.
Development and application of three-dimensional light distribution model for laser irradiated tissue (1987)

A three-dimensional model for estimating light distribution in laser irradiated tissue is presented. Multiple scattering and absorption of the laser beam are modeled using seven fluxes. One-, two-, and three-dimensional solutions are discussed and light distributions computed from the seven flux model are compared to those computed with the diffusion approximation. Methods for obtaining the phase function, absorption coefficient, and scattering coefficient for tissue are discussed and illustrated with measurements for human aortic vessel wall at the wavelength of 632.8 nm. Measured values are used in the seven flux model to estimate the rate of heat generation in the vessel wall.
<i>n</i>-AlGaSb and GaSb/AlGaSb double-heterostructure lasers grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (1996)

n-type doping of AlxGa1−xSb epilayers (0≤x≤1) grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy has been achieved by using tritertiarybutylaluminum, triethylgallium, and trimethylantimony as the organometallic precursors and diethyltellurium as the doping source. Electron concentrations exceed 1017 cm−3 for layers with x&lt;0.3, and decrease to ∼1016 cm−3 for x=1 as a result of higher residual acceptor concentration. Lattice-mismatched double-heterostructure diode lasers with AlGaSb cladding layers and GaSb active layer are demonstrated, and indicate the potential of OMVPE for growth of GaSb-based materials for electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Review Article Hyperspectral geological remote sensing: evaluation of analytical techniques (1996)

Abstract Improvements in optical remote sensing spectral resolution and increased data volumes necessitates the development of improved techniques for quantitative geological analysis. Laboratory spectral studies indicate that absorption band positions, depths and widths are correlated with diagnostic physicochemical mineral properties such as composition and abundance. Most current analytical techniques are incapable of providing comprehensive quantitative analysis of hyperspectral geological remote sensing data. Factors which must be considered for hyperspectral remote sensing campaigns include spectral resolution, analytical technique, band pass positions and spatial resolution. In many cases the volume of data required to address specific issues can be reduced through intelligent selection of band passes and analytical techniques.
[Increased resistance in mice to Listeria monocytogenes after treatment with a fraction from an inflammatory granuloma]. (1977)

The multiplication of Listeria monocytogenes in the spleen was decreased between the 3rd and the 11th day following the inflammatory reaction induced in Mice by subcutaneous implantation of talc embedded in a calcium phosphate gel into the dorsal area. A similar activity was observed after injection of SO4 (NH4)2 fractionated extracts from granuloma. The major activities were found in the 33% saturation precipitate and in the 80% saturation supernatant.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ENZYMATIC EXTRACTS FROM AN EDIBLE SEAWEED <i>SARGASSUM HORNERI</i> USING ESR SPECTROMETRY (2004)

ABSTRACT The antioxidant activity of water‐soluble natural extracts from an edible seaweed , Sargassum horneri, was evaluated by examining the radical scavenging activities of the extracts of hydrolyzates from S. horneri on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl and alkyl radicals. A spin‐trapping electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrophotometer was employed and the results were compared for their ESR signal intensity. The brown seaweed S. horneri was enzymatically hydrolyzed to prepare water‐soluble extracts by five carbohydrases (AMG, Celluclast, Termamyl, Ultraflo and Viscozyme) and five proteases (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Protamex). The extracts so prepared exhibited strong scavenging activity on DPPH, hydroxyl and alkyl radicals. The scavenging activity of the radicals increased with increased concentration of the extracts. The scavenging results were higher or similar for hydroxyl and alkyl radicals, and lower for DPPH radical compared with vitamin C as a reference. Viscozyme and Alcalase extracts were superior and scavenged radicals examined better than the extracts prepared by other carbohydrases and proteases.
Ten-year Results of an Inset Biconvex Patella Prosthesis in Primary Knee Arthroplasty (2009)

Level IV, therapeutic study.
Relationship of serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol to risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. (1997)

Laboratory evidence suggests a role for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its metabolite 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (ADIOL) in mammary tumor growth. Serum DHEA also has been related to breast cancer in postmenopausal women, but the relationship of ADIOL to risk has not been evaluated previously. To assess the relationship of serum DHEA, its sulfate (DHEAS), and ADIOL with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, we conducted a prospective nested case-control study using serum from the Columbia, MO Breast Cancer Serum Bank. Cases included 71 healthy postmenopausal volunteers not taking replacement estrogens when they donated blood and who were diagnosed with breast cancer up to 10 years later (median, 2.9 years). Two randomly selected controls, who also were postmenopausal and not taking estrogens, were matched to each case on exact age, date (+/-1 year), and time (+/-2 h) of blood collection. Significant (trend P = 0.02) gradients of increasing risk of breast cancer were observed for increasing concentrations of DHEA and ADIOL, and women whose serum levels of these hormones were in the highest quartiles were at a significantly elevated risk compared to those in the lowest; their risk ratios were 4.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-11.8) and 3.0 (95% CI, 1.0-8.6), respectively. The relationship of DHEAS to breast cancer was less consistent, but women whose serum DHEAS concentration was in the highest quartile also exhibited a significantly elevated risk ratio of 2.8 (95% CI, 1.1-7.4). Results of this prospective study support a role for the adrenal androgens, DHEA, DHEAS, and ADIOL, in the etiology of breast cancer.