gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of large‐pore membrane haemodialysis and cross‐dialysis in acute hepatic insufficiency in pigs (1983)

We studied the duration of survival and the removal of putative toxins in forty pigs with ischaemic hepatic necrosis, undergoing haemodialysis or cross-dialysis with a large-pore membrane. Ischaemic hepatic necrosis was induced in conscious animals by tightening a loop around the hepatic artery 3 days after construction of a portocaval shunt. Pigs treated by a dialysis procedure survived significantly longer (45.2 +/- 11.9 h) than controls (26.3 +/- 5.4 h). There was no difference between haemodialysis and cross-dialysis. Blood ammonia initially dropped significantly (P less than 0.05) more during haemodialysis (560 +/- 107 leads to 210 +/- 51 mumol/l) than during cross-dialysis (596 +/- 131 leads to 398 +/- 81 mumol/l) but it subsequently increased beyond initial values despite efficient removal during continuous dialysis. Removal of ammonia was greater during cross-dialysis than during haemodialysis, but haemodialysis was more effective in the removal of the ammonia precursors glutamine and urea. We conclude that dialysis procedures can prolong survival in pigs with ischaemic hepatic necrosis. The removal of ammonia-precursors is more effective in the prevention of hyperammonaemia than the removal of ammonia itself. Since dialysis cannot prevent progressive hyperammonaemia, control of excessive toxin production seems mandatory for effective hepatic support.
Vagovagal Stimulation of Pancreatic-Polypeptide Secretion by Graded Distention of the Gastric Fundus and Antrum in Man (1979)

Previous studies have shown that pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion is regulated by efferent, vagal stimulation. In the present study the afferent part of a vagovagal pathway has been investigated in two different ways: (I) Graded fundic distention: in 8 patients with duodenal ulcer ballon distention with 150 ml of the fundus and the body of the stomach increased PP concentrations in plasma from 19 (17--26) to 41 (35--48) pmol/l, median and interquartile range. Distention by 300 and 600 ml did not further increase PP concentrations. After denervation of the fundus by proximal gastric vagotomy, no increase in PP levels was observed during distention with 50 and 300 ml whereas distention by 600 ml was followed by a small increase. (II) Graded antral distention: balloon distention with 50, 100 and 150 ml of the antrum increased plasma PP concentrations in 7 healthy subjects and 14 duodenal ulcer patients. Maximal PP response was achieved by distention with 100 ml, healthy subjects: from 14 (12--23) to 40 (26--44) pmol/l, and duodenal ulcer patients: from 25 (13--38) to 47 (22--63) pmol/l, median and interquartile range. It is concluded that a gastropancreatic reflex stimulating PP secretion through a long vagovagal pathway is present in man, and that this mechanism probably is involved in the initial PP response during a meal.
Dependence of Liver-Specific Transcription on Tissue Organization (1985)

When the liver is disaggregated and hepatocytes are cultured as a cellular monolayer for 24 h, a sharp decline (80 to 99% decrease) in the transcription of most liver-specific mRNAs, but not common mRNAs, occurs (Clayton and Darnell, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:1552-1561, 1983). A wide variety of culture conditions involving various hormones and substrates and cocultivation with other cells failed to sustain high rates of liver-specific mRNA synthesis in cultured hepatocytes, although they continued to synthesize common mRNAs at normal or elevated rates. In contrast, when slices of intact mouse liver tissue were placed in culture, the transcription of liver-specific genes was maintained at high levels (20 to 100% of normal liver). Furthermore, we found that cells in the liver could be disengaged and immediately reengaged in a tissue-like structure by perfusing the liver with EDTA followed by serum-containing culture medium. Slices of reengaged liver continued to transcribe tissue-specific mRNA sequences at significantly higher rates after 24 h in culture than did individual cells isolated by EDTA perfusion followed by culturing as a monolayer. Therefore we conclude that a mature tissue structure plays an important role in the maintenance of maximum tissue-specific transcription in liver cells.
Active Learning of Electrochemical Engineering Principles Using a Solar Panel/Water Electrolyzer/Fuel Cell System (2006)

As resources of fossil fuels are rapidly consumed at a rate that far exceeds new discoveries, it is evident that a transition to a renewable and sustainable energy economy is essential for continued progress.
Synthesis of 7‐chloro‐9‐trifluoromethyl‐/7‐fluorophenothiazines (2007)

Abstract Synthesis of 7‐chloro‐9‐trifluoromethyl‐/7‐fluorophenothiazines is reported by Smiles rearrangement of 5‐chloro‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐/5‐fluoro‐2‐formamido‐2′‐nitrodiphenyl sulfides. The later were obtained by the formylation of 2‐amino‐5‐chloro‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐/5‐fluoro‐2′‐nitrodiphenyl sulfides, which were prepared by the condensation of 2‐amino‐5‐fluoro‐/5‐chloro‐3‐trifluoromethyl benzenethiols with o‐halonitrobenzenes. 1‐Nitrophenothiazines have also been synthesized by the condensation of 2‐aminobenzenethiols with o‐halonitrobenzenes, involving Smiles rearrangement in situ. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:81–86, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20235
Surface Brightening during High Rate Nickel Dissolution in Nitrate Electrolytes (1975)

Conditions leading to surface brightening during ECM in passivating electrolytes were investigated by studying high rate transpassive nickel dissolution in acidified nitrate electrolytes under controlled hydrodynamic conditions. The experimental apparatus consisted of a flow channel cell in which constant electrolyte linear velocities between 100 and 1760 cm/sec could be reached. Dissolution experiments were performed galvanostatically at current densities ranging from 0.5 to 30 A/cm2. Over‐all current voltage behavior, current efficiency for metal dissolution and surface appearance were evaluated as a function of applied current density, flow rate, and electrolyte composition. Results indicate that the onset of surface brightening is mass transfer controlled and coincides with the formation of a salt precipitation layer at the anode.
Ultra-wideband low-cost phased-array radars (2005)

Emerging radar applications require phased arrays that can operate over wide bandwidths to support multiband/multifunction operation. In response to that need, this paper presents a cost-effective implementation for extremely wide-band phased-array radars. Two designs are demonstrated, one operating from 3 to 12 GHz and the other operating from 8 to 20 GHz. These designs incorporate ultra-wideband antipodal tapered slot antennas, a novel cross-polarization suppressed array architecture, piezoelectric true-time-delay phase shifters, and broad-band high-power monolithic amplifiers. The resulting systems provide target detection and beam steering over the complete operating bandwidths. These results exceed the state-of-the-art for phased-array radars in terms of bandwidth and cost and should have direct applications in the development of ultra-wideband and multifunction radar systems.
Direct Synthesis of Terminal Alkynes<i>via</i>Pd-Catalyzed Cross Coupling of Aryl and Alkenyl Halides with Ethynylmetals Containing Zn, Mg, and Sn. Critical Comparison of Countercations (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTDirect Synthesis of Terminal Alkynes via Pd-Catalyzed Cross Coupling of Aryl and Alkenyl Halides with Ethynylmetals Containing Zn, Mg, and Sn. Critical Comparison of CountercationsEi-ichi Negishi, Martin Kotora, and Caiding XuView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 25, 8957–8960Publication Date (Web):December 12, 1997Publication History Received19 August 1997Published online12 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971552bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971552bbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4469Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Cross coupling reaction,Halogens,Hydrocarbons,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Rapid Typing of Human Adenoviruses by a General PCR Combined with Restriction Endonuclease Analysis (2001)

We have developed a system for rapid typing of adenoviruses (Ads) based on a combination of PCR and restriction endonuclease (RE) digestion (PCR-RE digestion). Degenerated consensus primers were designed, allowing amplification of DNA from all 51 human Ad prototype strains and altogether 44 different genome variants of Ad serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 19, 40, and 41. The 301-bp amplimer of 22 prototype strains representing all six subgenera and the genome variant was selected as a target for sequencing to look for subgenus and genome type variabilities. The sequences obtained were used to facilitate the selection of specific REs for discrimination purposes in a diagnostic assay by following the concept of cleavage or noncleavage of the 301-bp amplimer. On the basis of these results, a flowchart was constructed, allowing identification of subgenus B:2 and D serotypes and almost complete distinction of subgenus A, B:1, C, E, and F serotypes. Application of the PCR-RE digestion system to clinical samples allowed typing of 34 of 40 clinical samples positive for Ad. The genome type determined by this method was identical to that obtained by traditional RE typing of full-length Ad DNA. The remaining six samples were positive only after a nested PCR. Therefore, to reduce the risk of false-negative results, samples scored negative by the PCR-RE digestion system should be evaluated by the described nested PCR. Used in combination, the PCR-RE digestion method and the nested PCR provide a reliable and sensitive system that can easily be applied to all kinds of clinical samples when rapid identification of adenoviruses is needed.
Low-frequency mode-hopping optical noise in AlGaAs channeled substrate lasers induced by optical feedback (1983)

Experiments on mode-hopping noise induced by optical feedback are presented for AlGaAs CSP lasers. The influence of the amount of feedback and of the output power have been investigated. It turns out that the amount of excess noise associated with mode hopping strongly depends on the occurrence of hysteresis associated with the mode-hopping transition. The results indicate that the gain suppression near the lasing mode is asymmetric.
Cigarette smoke extract potentiates bradykinin-induced increases in microvascular permeability (1993)

The first goal of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increases microvascular permeability of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo. The second goal was to determine whether CSE potentiates bradykinin-induced increases in vascular permeability in the hamster cheek pouch. Using intravital microscopy, we examined the permeability of the hamster cheek pouch to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (mol wt 70,000). Increases in permeability were quantitated by counting the number of postcapillary venular leaky sites per 0.11 cm2. Superfusion of CSE (1, 5, and 10%) did not produce venular leaky sites and, thus, did not alter macromolecular permeability. Superfusion of bradykinin (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 microM) produced a dose-related increase in the number of venular leaky sites. Formation of leaky sites in response to bradykinin was potentiated by CSE. To determine whether potentiation of bradykinin-induced leaky site formation by CSE was related to products released via the cyclooxygenase pathway, we examined the effects of pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.v.). Indomethacin did not alter the potentiating effect of CSE on bradykinin-induced leaky site formation. These findings suggest that CSE does not alter basal permeability of the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation in vivo. However, CSE potentiates bradykinin-induced increases in microvascular permeability. The mechanism of CSE-induced potentiation of microvascular permeability does not appear to be related to substances produced via the cyclooxygenase pathway.
New Cytotoxic Cembranolides from the Soft Coral Lobophytum michaelae (2012)

Six new cembranolides, michaolides L-Q (1-6), and a known cembranolide, lobomichaolide (7) were isolated from the CH₂Cl₂ extract of the soft coral Lobophytum michaelae. Their structures were established by extensive spectral analysis. The anti-HCMV (human cytomegalovirus) activity of 1-7 and their cytotoxicity against selected cell lines were evaluated.
Comparative Studies of the Electrochemical and Thermal Stability of Two Types of Composite Lithium Battery Electrolytes Using Boron‐Based Anion Receptors (1999)

Comparative studies were done on two new types of boron based anion receptors, tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TFPBO) and tris(pentafluorophenyl) borate (TFPBO), regarding conductivity enhancement,and electrochemical and thermal stability when used as additives in composite electrolytes for lithium batteries. Both additives enhance the ionic conductivity of electrolytes of simple lithium salts, LiF, , and in several organic solvents. The electrochemical windows of TPFBO based electrolytes in ethylene carbonate‐propylene carbonate‐dimethyl carbonate (1:1:3, v/v) are up to 5, 4.76, and 4.96 V for LiF, , and , respectively. TPFBO has lower electrochemical stability compared to TPFB. The thermal stability of pure TFPB is better than TFPBO. Complexation with the salt improves the thermal stability of these additives. TPFB based electrolytes showed high cycling efficiencies and good cycleability when they were tested in cells. TFPBO based electrolytes were tested in cells; the cells delivered high discharge capacity and good cycling efficiencies. The capacity retention of the cells using TFPB based electrolytes during multiple cycling is better than those using TFPBO based electrolytes. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Defect Morphology in Ti-6Al-4V Parts Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting (2013)

In order to investigate the morphology of defects present in Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM) processes, Ti-6Al-4V specimens were fabricated with varying porosity using non-optimum processing parameters. Defective specimens were sectioned and polished for microscopy. Image processing was adopted for statistically analyzing the characteristics of defects, such as distribution of defect area and dimensional proportion of each defect. It is found that defect morphology is influenced by process parameters as a result of a variation in the melt pool. Image processing of a cross-section could be a feasible way for calculating porosity of specimens.
[Use of nonparametric statistical criteria in epidemiological research]. (1987)

The article deals with the possibility of using two nonparametric statistical methods (sign criterion, Wilkonson's paired criterion) in epidemiological investigations. Examples illustrating the use of these methods are presented and their advantages in comparison with commonly used methods are shown.
Ultra low power RC oscillator for system wake-up using highly precise auto-calibration technique (2010)

An ultra low power RC oscillator for system wake-up is implemented using 0.18um CMOS process. The modern mobile systems need system clock which consumes low power and thus saves limited battery power in order to wake up from sleep-mode. A RC oscillator operates in the subthreshold region to reduce current consumption. The output frequency of RC oscillator is very weakly dependent on process and temperature variation using auto-calibration. This RC oscillator is featured as follows: the current consumption is 0.2 μA the supply voltage is 1.8V; the output frequency is 31.25 KHz with 1.52(Relative 3σ)% accuracy after calibration; it has only 0.4%/°C temperature coefficient; its size is 190 um } 80 um exclude bonding pad.
Efficient Elimination of False Positives Using Bounded Model Checking (2013)

Software verification using abstract interpretation is scalable but imprecise. Model checking is precise in verifying a property but not scalable. Often, these two techniques are combined to achieve better precision. A possible way is to analyze a software system first by using abstract interpretation and later eliminating the false positives using bounded model checking. This is a time consuming process as it typically involves verifying an assertion corresponding to each generated warning. We observe verifying all assertions often introduces redundancy, and some verifications may not even eliminate a false positive. In this paper, we present an approach consisting of three techniques to make such false positives elimination faster. Two of the techniques identify an assertion as being equivalent to an other assertion thus avoiding its verification. The third technique tries to identify and skip a class of assertion verifications that will not eliminate a false positive. Empirical results indicate that these techniques are quite useful in reducing the number of assertions being verified by 53%, and the false positives elimination time by 60%. Keywords—Abstract Interpretation; Model Checking; False Positives Elimination; Data Flow Analysis.
Reading news with maps by exploiting spatial synonyms (2014)

Use this map query interface to search the world, even when not sure what information you seek.
Trigeminal Neuralgia Associated with Sinusitis (2000)

When a patient presents with trigeminal neuralgia, one usually thinks of a vascular loop at the root entry zone of the nerve and consequently of vascular decompression. An image of sinusitis on the MRI may be considered an incidental finding. We present a case of an elderly woman who experienced severe neuralgic pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve on the left side following a mild upper respiratory tract infection. Routine MRI revealed severe sinusitis with no pathology in the brain. Following antibiotic treatment for the sinusitis, the symptoms of the neuralgia resolved completely and no other therapy was necessary. A review of the literature reveals a wide variety of etiologies for trigeminal neuralgia. A vascular loop compressing the nerve may be the most frequent cause of trigeminal neuralgia. Nevertheless, other etiologies must be considered prior to decompressive surgery since some can be treated medically.
Second Application of Low-energy Shock Waves Has a Cumulative Effect on Free Nerve Endings (2006)

Some physicians recommend treating tendinopathies with multiple sessions of shock waves. Some evidence, however, suggests shock wave application can induce nerve fiber degeneration. We questioned whether repeated shock wave application provides a cumulative effect on nerve fibers compared with the effect of one application. One thousand shock wave impulses of an energy flux density of 0.08 mJ/mm were applied to the foot pad of 32 rats. After 14 days, 16 rats received a second application. The foot pads were resected on Days 7, 14, 28, and 42. Sections were processed immunohistochemically using antibodies for sensory nerve. We compared the number of epidermal nerve fibers in rats that received one application of shock waves with the fibers in rats that received two applications. During the first 4 weeks, there was nearly complete degeneration of epidermal nerve fibers in both groups. By the end of 6 weeks, reinnervation of the epidermis began in the single-treatment group. Reinnervation occurred slower in the repeated-treatment group. These data show that a second application has a cumulative effect on nerve fibers. Our data suggest multiple applications of low-energy shock waves might a provide longer-lasting antinociceptive effect.
Movements of the Sacroiliac Joints (1989)

Twenty-five patients (21 females and 4 males) with sacroiliac joint disorders were studied with roentgen stereophotogrammetry in physiologic positions as well as in the extreme of physiologic positions. There was a constant pattern of motion with different load, especially around the transverse axis. The rotations were small and in mean between position 2.5 degrees (0.8 degree-3.9 degrees). The translation was, mean, 0.7 mm (0.1-1.6 mm). There was no difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic joints.
Composite of Au Nanoparticles and Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as a Sensing Material (2004)

A molecularly imprinted polymer with immobilized Au nanoparticles (Au-MIP) is reported as a novel type of sensing material. The sensing mechanism is based upon the variable proximity of the Au nanoparticles immobilized in the imprinted polymer, which exhibits selective binding of a given analyte accompanied by swelling that causes a blue-shift in the plasmon absorption band of the immobilized Au nanoparticles. Using adrenaline as the model analyte, it was shown that molecular imprinting effectively enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity, and accordingly, Au-MIP selectively detects the analyte at 5 microM. The combination of molecular imprinting and the Au nanoparticle-based sensing system was shown to be a general strategy for constructing sensing materials in a tailor-made fashion due to wide applicability of the imprinting technique and the independence of the sensing mechanism from the analyte recognition system.
Metrics for mitigating cybersecurity threats to networks (2010)

To achieve their full potential, networks must be secure as well as functional. With this in mind, the author identifies metrics designed to mitigate vulnerabilities to cyberattacks in networks that are key to the critical infrastructure of the US. He discusses both growth metrics - based on data obtained from the US National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Homeland Security vulnerability database - and metrics designed to mitigate the risk of security vulnerabilities in networks. If used together, these two types of metrics can help make networks more secure.