gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An 18-kDa glycoprotein from bovine nasal cartilage. Isolation and primary structure of small, cartilage-derived glycoprotein. (1990)

A glycosylated protein (small, cartilage-derived glycoprotein, SCGP) of approximately 18 kDa with unknown function has been isolated from dissociative extracts of bovine nasal cartilage and its primary structure determined. The protein has 121 amino acids, giving a calculated protein molecular weight of 13,878, four disulfide bonds, two N-linked oligosaccharides and one O-linked oligosaccharide. In nasal cartilage, this glycoprotein is in molar concentrations equivalent to 1/5-1/2 that of the link protein of cartilage proteoglycan aggregates, and it has also been isolated from bovine articular cartilage and from bovine fetal epiphysis. The N-terminal, glycosylated region of the molecule is relatively rich in arginine, proline, glycine, and threonine. The C-terminal 82 amino acids (which contains all four of the disulfide bonds and none of the carbohydrate) can be found as a discrete entity in cartilage extracts, indicating that the N-terminal domain is readily removed by extracellular proteolytic attack.
Effect of Some Zwitter Ion Buffers on the Freezing and Storage of Spermatozoa I. Bull (1972)

Seven zwitter ion buffers titrated with bases, Tris (hydroxymethyl) amino methane (Tris), NaOH, and combinations of NaOH and KOH to pit 7.0 along with Tris titrated with HC1, sodium citrate, and phosphate were prepared. The effect of these buffers on motility and glutanfic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) of fresh bull spermatozoa, of spermatozoa stored at 37 C for 6 hr and at 5 C for 48 hr and after freezing was studied.
Error, Uncertainty, and Loss in Digital Evidence (2002)

Despite the potentially grave ramifications of relying on faulty information in the investigative or probabitive stages, the uncertainty in digital evidence is not being evaluated at present, thus making it difficult to assess the reliability of evidence stored on and transmitted using computer networks. As scientists, forensic examiners have a responsibility to reverse this trend and address formally the uncertainty in any evidence they rely on to reach conclusions. This paper discusses inherent uncertainties in network related evidence that can be compounded by data corruption, loss, tampering, or errors in interpretation and analysis. Methods of estimating and categorizing uncertainty in digital data are introduced and examples are presented.
2-Thio derivatives of dUrd and 5-fluoro-dUrd and their 5'-monophosphates: synthesis, interaction with tumor thymidylate synthase, and in vitro antitumor activity (1993)

A convenient synthesis of 5-fluoro-2-thiouracil (11) is based on hydrolytic deamination of 5-fluoro-2-thiocytosine (9). Lewis acid-catalyzed condensation of di-TMS-5-fluoro-2-thiouracil (13) or di-TMS-2-thiouracil (14) with 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluyl-D-ribofuranosyl chloride (15) led to mixtures of the beta- and alpha-anomers of 3',5'-toluylated 2'-deoxy-5-fluoro-2-thiouridine (16 and 18) or 2'-deoxy-2-thiouridine (17 and 19), each of which was deblocked with MeOH-NH3 to give the desired free anomeric nucleoside pairs 1, 5 and 3, 7, respectively. These were selectively converted to the corresponding 5'-monophosphates 2, 6 and 4, 8, with the aid of the wheat shoot phosphotransferase system. Conformations of the nucleosides 1, 3, 5, 7 are deduced from 1H NMR spectra, and circular dichroism spectra for nucleotide anomeric pairs 2, 6 and 4, 8 are reported. Whereas beta-2-thio-dUMP (4) was a good substrate (Km approximately 10(-5) M), beta-5-fluoro-2-thio-dUMP (2) proved to be a potent competitive, slow-binding inhibitor (Ki approximately 10(-8) M) of the purified enzymes from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and L1210 cells. The alpha-anomer 6 was a weak inhibitor, with Ki in the mM range, and its congener 8 hardly interacted with the enzyme. The beta-anomer 1 exhibited antitumor activity in a mouse leukemic cell line L5178Y (IC50 approximately 10(-6) M), hence 40-100-fold weaker than 5-fluoro-dUrd. Its alpha-anomer 5 was 10-fold less active, but exhibited at least 10-fold higher selectivity with respect to the tumor cells than the beta-anomer 1.
Culture of Human Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cells (1983)

Human gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cells and tissues have been propagated in vitro for several months. Viability of typical epithelial cells with minimal contamination by fibroblasts was best achieved by mechanical harvesting instead of using enzymes for dissociation or subculture. Individual cells generally adhered poorly to glass and plastic although they did attach to some coated substrates. Although standard formulations of culture base media were suitable, there was a continuous requirement for conditioned medium and cultures were readily propagated in suspension. Cultures had a propensity to grow as "islands" of epithelial cells consisting of central dividing regions and external "differentiated" regions. As yet undefined factors from yeast and brain (or pituitary) extracts were required for optimal growth.
A 3-stage interconnection structure for very large packet switches (1990)

Proposes a three-stage broadband packet-switch architecture for a future central office with more than 16000 ports. The switch is constructed by interconnecting many small independent switch modules, which can be implemented using modifications of various well-studied switch fabric designs. Multiple paths are provided for each input-output pair, and the channel grouping technique is used to decrease delay and increase throughput. A datagram packet routing approach is adopted in order to eliminate the table lookup that will be required by virtual-circuit routing. Ways of guaranteeing the sequence integrity of packets are discussed. It is estimated from performance analyses that 32768-port switches can be constructed and can perform well based on switch fabrics of no more than 128 ports.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interrogation of a passive fiber Bragg grating resonator sensor by current modulation of a diode laser (2005)

In this paper, experimental results for a current modulation frequency locking scheme in a single feedback control loop are presented, and are compared with the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) topology. This experiment provides confidence that with proper pre-stabilization of the diode laser in a more sophisticated two-loop control scheme, current modulation may well attain similar ultra-resolution strain sensitivities as those achieved using the PDH technique.
A Study on the Spoken KOrean-Digit Recognition Using the Neural Netwok (1992)

Taking devantage of the property that Korean digit is a mono-syllable word, we proposed a spoken Korean-digit recognition scheme using the multi-layer perceptron. The spoken Korean-digit is divided into three segments (initial sound, medial vowel, and final consonant) based on the voice starting / ending points and a peak point in the middle of vowel sound. The feature vectors such as cepstrum, reflection coefficients, cepstrum and energy are extracted from each segment. It has been shown that cepstrum, as an input vector to the neural network, gives higher recognition rate than reflection coefficients. Regression coefficients of cepstrum did not affect as much as we expected on the recognition rate. That is because, it is believed, we extracted features from the selected stationary segments of the input speech signal. With 150 ceptral coefficients obtained from each spoken digit, we achieved correct recognition rate of 97.8%.
Myocardial Failure in Cats Associated with Low Plasma Taurine: a Reversible Cardiomyopathy (1987)

Thousands of pet cats die each year with dilated cardiomyopathy, the cause of which is unknown. Although taurine is present in millimolar concentrations in the myocardium of all mammals, taurine depletion has not previously been associated with a decrease in myocardial function in any species. In this study, low plasma taurine concentrations associated with echocardiographic evidence of myocardial failure were observed in 21 cats fed commercial cat foods and in 2 of 11 cats fed a purified diet containing marginally low concentrations of taurine for 4 years. Oral supplementation of taurine resulted in increased plasma taurine concentrations and was associated with normalization of left ventricular function in both groups of cats. Since myocardial concentrations of taurine are directly related to plasma concentrations and low plasma concentrations were found to be associated with myocardial failure in cats, a direct link between decreased taurine concentration in the myocardium and decreased myocardial mechanical function is proposed.
Myopic Policies in Sequential Classification (1978)

Several rules for feature selection in myopic policy are examined for solving the sequential finite classification problem with conditionally independent binary features. The main finding is that no rule is consistently superior to the others. Likewise no specific strategy for the alternating of rules seems to be significantly more efficient.
23.4L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : Comparison of Nematic Hybrid and Discotic Hybrid Films as Viewing Angle Compensator for NW‐TN‐LCDs (2000)

Abstract We compared the viewing angle performance of NW‐TN‐LCDs compensated with hybrid‐aligned discotic (DH) and hybrid‐aligned nematic (NH) films. We find that the DH films give superior contrast over wider viewing angles than the NH films, but that the NH films show less color shift at wider angles with better gray scale stability. We conclude that DH films are most suitable for data viewing in notebook computer displays and desktop monitors, whereas NH films are more suitable for viewing natural images in television and multimedia applications.
Development of a New Type of Self-Scanned Electron Image Sensing Integrated Circuit (1988)

The object of this research was to design and fabricate a linear array of electron sensing electrodes coupled to detection and read-out circuitry in the form of amplifiers and counters integrated onto a single CMOS chip. The chip replaces existing position-sensitive detection systems in electron spectrometers.
The porcine odorant-binding protein as molecular probe for benzene detection (2018)

In recent years, air pollution has been a subject of great scientific and public interests for the strong impact on human health. Air pollution is due to the presence in the atmosphere of polluting substances, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, particulates and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), derived predominantly from various combustion processes. Benzene is a VOC belonging to group-I carcinogens with a toxicity widely demonstrated. The emission limit values and the daily exposure time to benzene (TLV-TWA) are 5μg/m3 (0.00157 ppm) and 1.6mg/m3 (0.5 ppm), respectively. Currently, expensive and time-consuming analytical methods are used for detection of benzene. These methods require to perform a few preliminary steps such as sampling, and matrices pre-treatments. In addition, it is also needed the support of specialized personnel. Recently, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNTs) gas sensors with a limit detection (LOD) of 20 ppm were developed for benzene detection. Other innovative bioassay, called bio-report systems, were proposed. They use a whole cell (Pseudomona putida or Escherichia coli) as molecular recognition element and exhibit a LOD of about 10 μM. Here, we report on the design of a highly sensitive fluorescence assay for monitoring atmospheric level of benzene. For this purpose, we used as molecular recognition element the porcine odorant-binding protein (pOBP). 1-Aminoanthracene was selected as extrinsic fluorescence probe for designing a competitive fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay for benzene detection. The detection limit of our assay was 3.9μg/m3, a value lower than the actual emission limit value of benzene as regulated by European law.
<i>Colloquium</i>: Nonlinear metamaterials (2014)

This Colloquium presents an overview of the research on nonlinear electromagnetic metamaterials. The developed theoretical approaches and experimental designs are summarized, along with a systematic description of various phenomena available with nonlinear metamaterials.
Stress Without Distress. (1974)

Stress is “the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it,” that is, the rate at which we live at any one moment. All living beings are constantly under stress and anything, pleasant or unpleasant, that speeds up the intensity of life, causes a temporary increase in stress, the wear and tear exerted upon the body. A painful blow and a passionate kiss can be equally stressful.
What Next? (1999)

Charles Babbage's vision of computing has largely been realized. We are on the verge of realizing Vannevar Bush's Memex. But, we are some distance from passing the Turing Test. These three visions and their associated problems have provided long-range research goals for many of us. For example, the scalability problem has motivated me for several decades. This talk defines a set of fundamental research problems that broaden the Babbage, Bush, and Turing visions. They extend Babbage's computational goal to include highly-secure, highlyavailable, self-programming, self-managing, and self-replicating systems. They extend Bush's Memex vision to include a system that automatically organizes, indexes, digests, evaluates, and summarizes information (as well as a human might). Another group of problems extends Turing's vision of intelligent machines to include prosthetic vision, speech, hearing, and other senses. Each problem is simply stated and each is orthogonal from the others, though they share some common core technologies.
Methyltrioxorhenium as Catalyst of a Novel Aldehyde Olefination (1991)

From aldehydes or cyclic ketones, diazoalkanes, and tertiary phosphanes, olefins may be prepared according to Equation (a) with MTO as catalyst. In particular, diazoacetates and -malonates (R2, R3H, CO2,Et, or 2 × CO2 Me) can be transformed into olefins with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes (R1iPr, trans-PhCHCH, Ph, 4-NO2C6H4, etc.). Readily accessible starting materials, easy handling, mild reaction conditions, and good yields characterize the new synthesis method. (R′Ph, 3-C6H4SO3Na, nBu.)
N-body simulations (2006)

We describe four challenging N-body test problems involving the Sun and planets and use them to compare the performance of nine nonsymplectic and two symplectic integrators. Each problem has a long interval of integration and two have non-Newtonian gravitational interactions. The emphasis in our comparison is on the accuracy of the solution, including the phase information produced by nonsympletic methods; the symplectic methods have been included to provide a contrast. Long intervals of integration necessitate small local error tolerances for the nonsymplectic integrators.Among variable-stepsize integrators, RKNINT requires the least CPU time on the two problems with Newtonian interactions and DIVA the least CPU time on the other two problems for the intervals of integration we used. We find that the error growth on some integrations is noticeably slower than predicted by asymptotic analysis of the truncation and round-off error. Our comparisons suggest that the numerical solutions near the end of a billion year simulation in double precision with variable-stepsize nonsymplectic methods would have poor accuracy.
Near-optimal all-to-all broadcast in multidimensional all-port meshes and tori (2002)

All-to-all communication is one of the most dense collective communication patterns and occurs in many important applications in parallel and distributed computing. In this paper, we present a new all-to-all broadcast algorithm in multidimensional all-port mesh and torus networks. We propose a broadcast pattern which ensures a balanced traffic load in all dimensions in the network so that the all-to-all broadcast algorithm can achieve a very tight near-optimal transmission time. The algorithm also takes advantage of overlapping of message switching time and transmission time, and the total communication delay asymptotically matches the lower bound of all-to-all broadcast. Finally, the algorithm is conceptually simple and symmetrical for every message and every node so that it can be easily implemented in hardware and achieves the near-optimum in practice.
A generalized Dantzig selector with shrinkage tuning (2009)

The Dantzig selector performs variable selection and model fitting in linear regression. It uses an L1 penalty to shrink the regression coefficients towards zero, in a similar fashion to the lasso. While both the lasso and Dantzig selector potentially do a good job of selecting the correct variables, they tend to overshrink the final coefficients. This results in an unfortunate trade-off. One can either select a high shrinkage tuning parameter that produces an accurate model but poor coefficient estimates or a low shrinkage parameter that produces more accurate coefficients but includes many irrelevant variables. We extend the Dantzig selector to fit generalized linear models while eliminating overshrinkage of the coefficient estimates, and develop a computationally efficient algorithm, similar in nature to least angle regression, to compute the entire path of coefficient estimates. A simulation study illustrates the advantages of our approach relative to others. We apply the methodology to two datasets.
Removal of alcohols, amines, and aliphatic acids in aqueous solution by NS‐100 membrane (1975)

Abstract Removal of alcohols, amines, and aliphatic acids in single‐solute aqueous solution in the concentration range from 0.001 to 0.01 M have been studied using the NS‐100 membrane. All the tests were conducted at 600 psig, 25°C, and a flow rate of 0.30 gpm. The mechanism of solute separation by the NS‐100 membrane differs from that of the cellulose acetate membrane. There was no significant correlation between the removal and the hydrogen bonding ability of the organic solute. Instead, for a given organic solute, its removal increases with the increases in the degree of crosslinkage of the skin layer of NS‐100 membrane, and is proportional to its degree of ionization (or degree of dissociation). For organic compounds having a same functional group, the removal of a compound increases with the increase in molecular weight and/or molecular branching. All of these are attributable to the relative nonpolarity and the anion exchanger characteristics of the membrane as well as to the steric resistance for the solute to permeate through the membrane.
Component-based version management for embedded computing system design (2007)

Nowadays, the development of modern computing devices involves a substantial and growing part of software development. A great challenge for engineers is to manage the evolution of a system with several components in the face of mounting complexity due to concurrent hardware and software development. The key limitations of existing version control tools used for a hardware software co-design process include their inadequacy in representing semantics of design models and inability to manage versions of both hardware designs and associated software components in a cohesive manner. Thus, it is difficult to track the logical interdependencies between the changes to hardware and software components in an embedded computing system over time.This paper presents an application of a well-known software engineering approach to the management of embedded systems design artifacts. Our novel component-based version management mechanism is capable of capturing and versioning the underlying logical contents of components in system design models and their associated software artifacts in a cohesive manner. This paper also illustrates our approach in creating a versioning system, named EmVC, for a hardware software co-design process.
Effects of Alkaline Environments at Mild Conditions on the Stability of PVDF Membrane: An Experimental Study (2013)

Membrane gas absorption or membrane contactor using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane has recently become an emerging application in industry. One of the commonly used absorbents in this application is sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This article presents the study of chemical and thermal stability of PVDF membrane in alkaline environments. Commercial PVDF flat sheet membranes were exposed to two types of alkaline solutions, which are NaOH and potassium hydroxide (KOH) at different concentrations, temperatures, and treatment times. The untreated and treated membranes were analyzed using FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), pure water flux measurement, and tensile testing. The results demonstrated that PVDF membrane can be attacked and degraded upon exposure, even to a low concentration of 0.01 M NaOH solution, the concentration that commonly applied in membrane contactor applications, and cleaning. The findings from this study also suggested that PVDF membrane is more vulnerable to NaOH solution as compared to KOH solution.
A decision support system using judgmental modeling: a case of R&D in the pharmaceutical industry (1991)

The development of a computerized decision support system for R&D project ranking, monitoring and control in the pharmaceutical industry is described. Using a series of techniques based on a judgmental modeling approach, an overall system has been developed that covers several different aspects of the whole decision making process. Illustrative examples are given to show how the components of the model are used in practice, indicating their place in the overall management process. The results provide evidence supporting the value of such models which help reduce ambiguity by using structured approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Changes in DNA repair during aging (2007)

DNA is a precious molecule. It encodes vital information about cellular content and function. There are only two copies of each chromosome in the cell, and once the sequence is lost no replacement is possible. The irreplaceable nature of the DNA sets it apart from other cellular molecules, and makes it a critical target for age-related deterioration. To prevent DNA damage cells have evolved elaborate DNA repair machinery. Paradoxically, DNA repair can itself be subject to age-related changes and deterioration. In this review we will discuss the changes in efficiency of mismatch repair (MMR), base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER) and double-strand break (DSB) repair systems during aging, and potential changes in DSB repair pathway usage that occur with age. Mutations in DNA repair genes and premature aging phenotypes they cause have been reviewed extensively elsewhere, therefore the focus of this review is on the comparison of DNA repair mechanisms in young versus old.
COMPUTER RECOGNITION OF ON-LINE, HAND-WRITTEN CHARACTERS (1964)

Abstract : This Memorandum discusses a method for recognizing single, hand- written characters using an online graphical input device, such as a digitizing pantograph, a light pen, or the Graphic Input Tablet, as the primary information source. Basically, the method consists of filtering and smoothing the input stream to eliminate as much redundancy as possible. Direction of the stylus movement is quantized into one of eight directions, allowing each stroke of a character to be described as a series of connected straight-line s5gments. By eliminating various measures on the stroke, the description is size-, position-, and rotation-independent. In order to restore some rotational orientation and to discriminate between open, closed, and multi-stroke characters, end-point comparisons are added to the description.