gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Stable Silylenoid and a Donor‐Stabilized Chlorosilylene: Low‐Coordinate Silicon Compounds—A Never‐Ending Story? (2006)

And so on: The silylenoid 1 and the stabilized chlorosilylene 2 represent new types of low-coordinate silicon compounds, which, on account of the presence of a silicon–halogen bond in each, should form the basis of interesting subsequent chemistry.
Improving Data Transfer Rate and Throughput of HDFS using Efficient Replica Placement (2014)

In last half decade, there is tremendous growth in the network applications; we are experiencing an information explosion era. Due to which large amount of distributed data being managed and stored. To handle these types of data, application uses distributed file system. Advantages of DFS are increased availability and efficiency. Generally some parameters like scalability, reliability, transparency, fault tolerance and security are considered while making DFS. Some open challenges are still there in DFS like fault tolerance in various conditions, optimized architecture of DFS, Synchronization, consistency and replications. Goal of this paper is study evolution of DFS from the history; current state of the art design & implementation of the DFS and propose new approach for efficient replica placement in Hadoop DFS which can improve throughput and data transfer rate.
Wizard of Oz interfaces for mixed reality applications (2005)

One important tool for developing complex interactive applications is "Wizard of Oz "(WOz)simulation.WOz simulation allows design concepts,content and partially completed applications to be tested on users without the need to first create a completely working system.In this paper we discuss the integration of wizard interface tools into a Mixed Reality (MR)design environment and show how easier creation and evolution of wizard interfaces can lead to an expanded role for WOz-based testing during the design evolution of MR experiences.We share our experiences designing an audio experience in an historic site,and illustrate the evolution of the wizard interfaces alongside the user experience
An architecture for a home automation system (2002)

This paper introduces home automation very briefly and mentions current standardisation trends in this field. Then, a new system architecture is proposed and its main characteristics are described. The proposed architecture has a distributed nature, is very modular and can be easily expanded in size and functionality. There are only two types of constitutive modules and their roles are described. A given system is composed by several modules interconnected through a network, whose main features are presented. The system's software architecture is also briefly described.
Death and learning disability: a vulnerability perspective (2003)

People with learning disabilities often have to cope with death, dying and bereavement without being fully informed of the circumstances and sometimes without being told that death is imminent or indeed has occurred. This paper explores the issues associated with death and dying from the perspective of people with learning disabilities, and considers proactive ways of working in this sensitive area.
Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells by dorzolamide. (2002)

Dorzolamide significantly inhibits CA activity in BCECs at micromolar levels. Because these levels are encountered in the cornea and aqueous humor after topical administration, dorzolamide may compromise corneal hydration control, especially when the functional reserve of corneal endothelium is low. Dorzolamide does not appear to accumulate in the cells, because the inhibition of CA-II did not increase after prolonged exposure to the drug.
Novel Insights into Anti-CD40/CD154 Immunotherapy in Transplant Tolerance (2015)

Since the discovery of the CD40-CD154 costimulatory pathway and its critical role in the adaptive immune response, there has been considerable interest in therapeutically targeting this interaction with monoclonal antibodies in transplantation. Unfortunately, initial promise in animal models gave way to disappointment in clinical trials following a number of thromboembolic complications. However, recent mechanistic studies have identified the mechanism of these adverse events, as well as detailed a myriad of interactions between CD40 and CD154 on a wide variety of immune cell types and the critical role of this pathway in generating both humoral and cell-mediated alloreactive responses. This has led to resurgence in interest and the potential resurrection of anti-CD154 and anti-CD40 antibodies as clinically viable therapeutic options.
<i>KNUCKLES</i> ( <i>KNU</i> ) encodes a C2H2 zinc-finger protein that regulates development of basal pattern elements of the Arabidopsis gynoecium (2004)

Flowers of the parthenocarpic knuckles mutant are conditionally male sterile and contain ectopic stamens and carpels that originate from placental tissue within developing gynoecia. The mutation was mapped to a 123 Kb interval on chromosome 5 using molecular markers. All aspects of the knuckles phenotype could be complemented by a genomic fragment from the region which contained the annotated MAC12.2 gene. A guanine to adenine transition within a predicted C2H2 zinc finger-encoding region of MAC12.2 causes the second of two critical zinc-binding cysteine residues to be replaced by a tyrosine. Transgenic plants in which translational fusions of the GUS reporter to KNUCKLES were driven by the presumptive KNUCKLES promoter indicate that the gene is expressed first in developing carpel primordia, and later in stamens and ovules of flower buds. In situ hybridization experiments showed a broader pattern of transcript localization, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms may limit KNUCKLES protein accumulation and localization. Based on genetic evidence and the presence of a carboxy-terminal motif demonstrated by others to function as an active repression domain, we propose that KNUCKLES might function as a transcriptional repressor of cellular proliferation that regulates floral determinacy and relative size of basal pattern elements along the proximo-distal axis of the developing Arabidopsis gynoecium.
A Target-Based Whole Cell Screen Approach To Identify Potential Inhibitors of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Signal Peptidase (2016)

The general secretion (Sec) pathway is a conserved essential pathway in bacteria and is the primary route of protein export across the cytoplasmic membrane. During protein export, the signal peptidase LepB catalyzes the cleavage of the signal peptide and subsequent release of mature proteins into the extracellular space. We developed a target-based whole cell assay to screen for potential inhibitors of LepB, the sole signal peptidase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using a strain engineered to underexpress LepB (LepB-UE). We screened 72,000 compounds against both the Lep-UE and wild-type (wt) strains. We identified the phenylhydrazone (PHY) series as having higher activity against the LepB-UE strain. We conducted a limited structure-activity relationship determination around a representative PHY compound with differential activity (MICs of 3.0 μM against the LepB-UE strain and 18 μM against the wt); several analogues were less potent against the LepB overexpressing strain. A number of chemical modifications around the hydrazone moiety resulted in improved potency. Inhibition of LepB activity was observed for a number of compounds in a biochemical assay using cell membrane fraction derived from M. tuberculosis. Compounds did not increase cell permeability, dissipate membrane potential, or inhibit an unrelated mycobacterial enzyme, suggesting a specific mode of action related to the LepB secretory mechanism.
Coordinate regulation of mRNAs from multiple calmodulin genes during myoblast differentiation in vitro (1993)

Multiple genes encoding identical calmodulin molecules have been found in all mammalian species so far examined, but little is known regarding the factors involved in regulating the expression of this gene family. We have investigated the possibility of differential regulation under conditions of cell cycle withdrawal and differentiation in the nonfusing BC3H1 myoblast. Transcripts from the three genes are expressed in myoblasts and myocytes and each of the mRNA species decreases during BC3H1 differentiation. Calmodulin protein levels also decrease, although with distinct kinetics with respect to the mRNAs. Previous studies indicated that a decrease in transcription is involved (Epstein et al., Molecular Endocrinology 3:193-202, 1989). In this study, an increase in stability for each of the mRNA species is also shown to contribute to overall mRNA levels. The calmodulin mRNAs are also found to decrease under conditions of cell cycle withdrawal when differentiation is blocked. This demonstrates that the expression of mRNA from all three genes is directly coupled with the proliferation state but only indirectly with the differentiation state. Consistent with this, calmodulin expression decreases in serum deprived fibroblasts as they exit the cell cycle.
A Melt Refining Method for Uranium-Contaminated Aluminum (1986)

Melt refining of uranium-contaminated aluminum, which has been difficult to decontaminate because of the high reactivity of aluminum, was experimentally studied. Samples of contaminated aluminum and its alloys were melted after adding various halide fluxes at various melting temperatures and various melting times. Uranium concentration in the resulting ingots was determined. Effective flux compositions were mixtures of chlorides and fluorides, such as LiF, KCl, and BaCl2, at a fluoride/chloride mole ratio of 1 to 1.5. The removal of uranium from aluminum (the “decontamination effect”) increased with decreasing melting temperature, but the time allowed for reaction had little influence. Pure aluminum was difficult to decontaminate from uranium; however, uranium could be removed from alloys containing magnesium. This was because the activity of the aluminum was decreased by formation of the intermetallic compound Al-Mg. With a flux of LiF-KCl-BaCl2 and a temperature of 800°C, uranium added to give an initial concentration of 500 ppm was removed from a commercial alloy of aluminum, A5056, which contains 5% magnesium, to a final concentration of 0.6 ppm, which is near that in the initial aluminum alloy.
Improvement of Binary Transmission by Null-Zone Reception (1957)

In the customary methods of transmitting binary data the receiver, as a result of the decision process made on each transmitted pulse, prints out one of two symbols. Schemes are considered here in which the receiver prints out one of three symbols (single-null zone reception) or one of four symbols (double-null zone reception). These extra symbols permit the receiver to indicate when the a posteriori probabilities of the two transmitted states are nearly equal. Single-null zone reception is shown to be capable, under optimum conditions, of achieving about one-half of the improvement in information rate theoretically attainable by increasing the number of receiver levels without limit. Double-null reception, which splits the null zone and thereby retains polarity information, offers only a slight additional increase in rate. It affords a significant advantage over single-null reception, though, because it is much less sensitive to variations in null level.
Decoding by dynamic chunking for statistical machine translation (2009)

In this paper we present an extension of a phrase-based decoder that dynamically chunks, reorders, and applies phrase translations in tandem. A maximum entropy classifier is trained based on the word alignments to find the best positions to chunk the source sentence. No language specific or syntactic information is used to build the chunking classifier. Words inside the chunks are moved together to enable the decoder to make longdistance re-orderings to capture the word order differences between languages with different sentence structures. To keep the search space manageable, phrases inside the chunks are monotonically translated, thus by eliminating the unnecessary local re-orderings, it is possible to perform long-distance re-orderings beyond the common fixed distortion limit. Experiments on German to English translation are reported. 1
Prediction of Disease Causing Non-Synonymous SNPs by the Artificial Neural Network Predictor NetDiseaseSNP (2013)

We have developed a sequence conservation-based artificial neural network predictor called NetDiseaseSNP which classifies nsSNPs as disease-causing or neutral. Our method uses the excellent alignment generation algorithm of SIFT to identify related sequences and a combination of 31 features assessing sequence conservation and the predicted surface accessibility to produce a single score which can be used to rank nsSNPs based on their potential to cause disease. NetDiseaseSNP classifies successfully disease-causing and neutral mutations. In addition, we show that NetDiseaseSNP discriminates cancer driver and passenger mutations satisfactorily. Our method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on several disease/neutral datasets as well as on cancer driver/passenger mutation datasets and can thus be used to pinpoint and prioritize plausible disease candidates among nsSNPs for further investigation. NetDiseaseSNP is publicly available as an online tool as well as a web service: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetDiseaseSNP.
Circumventing Multidrug Resistance in Cancer by β-Galactoside Binding Protein, an Antiproliferative Cytokine (2005)

We report here that beta-galactoside binding protein (betaGBP), an antiproliferative cytokine which can program cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, exhibits equal therapeutic efficacy against cancer cells that display diverse mechanisms of drug resistance and against their parental cells. The mechanisms of drug resistance in the cancer cells that we have examined include overexpression of P-glycoprotein, increased efficiency of DNA repair, and altered expression and mutation in the topoisomerase I and II enzymes. We also report that betaGBP exerted its effect by arresting the cells in S phase prior to the activation of programmed cell death. The uniquely similar profile of response to betaGBP by these drug-resistant cells and their parental cells extends the therapeutic potential of this cytokine in the treatment of cancers and offers a promising alternative to patients whose tumors are refractory to the currently available cadre of chemotherapeutic agents.
Bioaerosol Sampling with a Wetted Wall Cyclone: Cell Culturability and DNA Integrity of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Bacteria (2011)

Contemporary near-real-time bioaerosol identifiers that read labeled DNA require a minimum DNA length of about 500,000 base pairs; and for critical applications, instrumental identification results must be verified through the use of classical microbiological culturing techniques. A 300 L/min Wetted Wall Cyclone (WWC) and an 800 L/min inertial impactor were used in a comparative study to collect aerosolized single cells of Escherichia coli (E. coli) at temperatures of 24°C and 46°C. Classical microbiological plating techniques showed that the culturability of E. coli collected with a WWC is a factor of about 100 higher than that of the impactor when the sampled aerosol is at room temperature (RT) and a factor of about 4000 higher when the sampled aerosol is at 46°C. DNA integrity was qualitatively evaluated with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and photographic evidence shows a significant difference in the amount of high molecular weight DNA (molecules larger than 500,000 base pairs) collected with the WWC compared with the impactor. Extracted DNA was also digested by the NotI enzyme, and the qualitative results of the restriction analysis showed there to be high integrity of the WWC-collected DNA, whereas the impactor-collected DNA showed considerable fragmentation. Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed samples required for E. coli identification need to be about 100 times more concentrated if they are collected with the impactor rather than that of the WWC. Also, it appears that only the intact genomic DNA of the culturable cells provides adequate templates for traditional and RT-PCR amplification. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
Nucleotide sequence and tissue distribution of three insulin-like growth factor I prohormones in salmon. (1992)

Tissue distribution and potential alternative splicing of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) messenger RNA were studied using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on RNA from several tissues at various stages of the life cycle of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). DNA sequence analysis of RT-PCR products revealed three IGF-I mRNA transcripts, designated Ea-1, Ea-2, and Ea-3, which code for three distinct prohormones, IGF-IA-1, IGF-IA-2, and IGF-IA-3, respectively. The E-domain of proIGF-IA-1 is 35 amino acids long and shares 77% sequence identity with the E-domain of human proIGF-IA, which is also 35 amino acids long. The proIGF-IA-2 and proIGF-IA-3 E-domains are homologous to the proIGF-IA-1 E-domain but contain 27 and 39 amino acid inserts, respectively, between Lys86 and Glu87. In the human IGF-I gene Lys86 is coded by exon 4 and Glu87 is coded by exon 6. This suggests that Ea-2 and Ea-3 transcripts may be the result of alternative splicing during pre-mRNA processing. All three transcripts were readily detectable using a solution hybridization/RNase protection assay. Furthermore, RT-PCR and DNA sequencing analysis indicate the presence of three IGF-I prohormones in another member of the Salmonidae family, the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). An analysis of IGF-I and -II E-domains from several vertebrates suggests that certain chemical and physical properties of the molecule are well conserved despite wide variations in primary structure. Ea-1, Ea-2, and Ea-3 transcripts were found in whole embryos, and liver, muscle, and brain of juvenile and adult salmon. At least one IGF-I transcript was found in heart, kidney, testes, ovary, adipose tissue, and spleen of juvenile salmon. These results indicate that IGF-I is expressed during embryonic development of fish, and that most tissues are capable of IGF-I mRNA production. These data also indicate that pre-mRNA transcripts can be alternatively spliced to yield at least three prohormones.
Fast vignetting correction and color matching for panoramic image stitching (2009)

When images are stitched together to form a panorama there is often color mismatch between the source images due to vignetting and differences in exposure and white balance between images. In this paper a low complexity method is proposed to correct vignetting and differences in color between images, producing panoramas that look consistent across all source images. Unlike most previous methods which require complex non-linear optimization to solve for correction parameters, our method requires only linear regressions with a low number of parameters, resulting in a fast, computationally efficient method. Experimental results show the proposed method effectively removes vignetting effects and produces images that are highly visually consistent in color and brightness.
Analgesic efficacy of preoperative administration of meloxicam or butorphanol in onychectomized cats (2005)

Preoperative administration of meloxicam improved analgesia for 24 hours without clinically relevant adverse effects in cats that underwent onychectomy or onychectomy and neutering and provided safe, extended analgesia, compared with butorphanol.
Detection of N-myc gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Diagnostic utility for neuroblastoma. (1993)

We assessed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as an alternative to Southern blot analysis for determination of N-myc gene amplification in neuroblastoma. In the 44 pediatric solid tumor cell lines examined (20 neuroblastomas), the mean number of N-myc copies determined by FISH correlated closely with Southern blot results. There was wide intercellular variability in gene copy number in tumors that had evidence of amplification; however, tumors judged to be non-amplified completely lacked any cells with high N-myc copy number. FISH provided reliable estimates of N-myc amplification in 12 clinical samples even when the percentage of tumor was low. The other advantages of FISH over Southern blot analysis were speed and technical simplicity, ability to discern heterogeneous gene amplification among tumor cells in the same specimen, and capacity to determine the source of the amplified N-myc signal, whether extrachromosomal double-minute chromosomes, expanded intrachromosomal regions, or chromosome 2 aneuploidy. We conclude that FISH would refine the analysis of N-myc amplification in neuroblastoma and thus improve the assignment of patients to prognostic groups based on this unfavorable risk factor.
Stability of PMR-polyimide monomer solutions (1979)

The stability of alcohol solutions of norborneyl capped PMR-polyimide resins was monitored during storage at ambient and subambient temperatures. Chemical changes during storage were determined spectroscopically using nuclear magnetic resonance. Resin processability and cured resin quality were determined by fabrication of unidirectional, graphite fiber composites using aged solutions and testing of selected composite properties. PMR-15 solutions exhibit nominally two weeks of useful life and PMR-2 solutions exhibit nominally two days of useful life at ambient conditions. The limiting factor is precipitation of imide reaction produces from the monomer solutions. Both solutions exhibit substantially longer useful lifetimes in subambient storage. PMR-15 shows no precipitation after several months storage at subambient temperatures. PMR-2 solutions do exhibit precipitates after extended subambient storage, however, the precipitates formed under these conditions can be redissolved. The chemical implications of these observations are discussed.
A Role of RIP3-Mediated Macrophage Necrosis in Atherosclerosis Development (2013)

Necrotic death of macrophages has long been known to be present in atherosclerotic lesions but has not been studied. We examined the role of receptor interacting protein (RIP) 3, a mediator of necrotic cell death, in atherosclerosis and found that RIP3(-/-);Ldlr(-/-) mice were no different from RIP3(+/+);Ldlr(-/-) mice in early atherosclerosis but had significant reduction in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Similar results were observed in Apoe(-/-) background mice. Bone marrow transplantation revealed that loss of RIP3 expression from bone-marrow-derived cells is responsible for the reduced disease progression. While no difference was found in apoptosis between RIP3(-/-);Ldlr(-/-) and RIP3(+/+);Ldlr(-/-) mice, electron microscopy revealed a significant reduction of macrophage primary necrosis in the advanced lesions of RIP3(-/-) mice. In vitro cellular studies showed that RIP3 deletion had no effect on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced macrophage apoptosis, but prevented macrophage primary necrosis occurring in response to oxidized LDL under caspase inhibition or RIP3 overexpression conditions. RIP3-dependent necrosis is not postapoptotic, and the increased primary necrosis in advanced atherosclerotic lesions most likely resulted from the increase of RIP3 expression. Our data demonstrate that primary necrosis of macrophages is proatherogenic during advanced atherosclerosis development.
Automatic extraction of lung boundaries by a knowledge-based method (2000)

The aim of this paper is to develop accurate and reliable methods for automated detection of the edges of the lung by a knowledge-based approach. First, the system initializes the ROI(Region Of Interest) using &apos;unseeded region growing&apos; algorithm. Then IPE(Image Processing Engine) generates candidates within the ROI. The candidates are matched to an anatomical model of the lung boundary using parametric features. A modular system architecture was developed which incorporates the model, image processing routines, an inference engine and a blackboard.