gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane distribution of sodium-hydrogen and chloride-bicarbonate exchangers in crypt and villus cell membranes from rabbit ileum. (1988)

Present evidence suggests that in the small intestine, villus cells are primarily absorptive and crypt cells are primarily secretory. In order to further confirm that there are differences in transport properties between villus and crypt cells, we have separated villus from crypt cells, using calcium chelations techniques, and determined the distribution of Na:H and Cl:HCO3 exchange activity on brush border membrane and basolateral membrane preparations from these two cell populations. Separation of cells was determined utilizing alkaline phosphatase and maltase activity as a marker of villus cells and thymidine kinase activity as a marker of crypt cells. Utilizing these techniques, we were able to sequentially collect cells along the villus-crypt axis. Na-stimulated glucose and alanine uptake in brush border membrane vesicles diminished from the villus to the crypt region in the sequentially collected cells fractions, further suggesting separation of these cells. Brush border and basolateral membranes were then prepared from cells from the villus and crypt areas, utilizing a continuous sucrose gradient. In the villus cells, Na:H exchange activity was found associated with both the brush border and basolateral membrane, whereas, in crypt cells, Na:H exchange activity was only found on the basolateral membrane. Cl:HCO3 exchange activity was found only on the brush border membrane, in both villus and crypt cells. These studies suggest functional heterogeneity in ion transport between villus and crypt cells.
Stabilized retinal mapping of known retinal loci (2003)

Stabilization of a test spot of light on specific portions of the retina can improve visual perimetry data that disclose the presence and extent of visual loss due to eye disease. In conventional visual perimetry, small test spots of light are displayed at various spatial locations in the visual field to determine the local sensitivity of the retina. These methods are subject to errors from eye movements which can shift the spatial relationships between the test display and known retina loci. A method of stabilizing test displays on the human retina and of relating this stabilized test display to known retinal loci is described. The stabilized retinal mapping has higher resolution than conventional maps, minimizes eye movement errors, reduces fatigue, and shortens testing time. The current method for stabilizing the test points on the retina uses a dual Purkinje tracker, which limits the application if there is yellowing of the eye lens with age, corneal abnormalities, or a small pupil.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (1981)

CAPD has stimulated much interest because of conceptual and practical developments over the last decade. The growth of CAPD also demonstrates that hemodialysis as practices at the present time is not completely satisfactory for many patients and CAPD helps to fill a need. CAPD may not be the ultimate favorite in most patients, but may continue to offer an alternate approach to special problems. Careful controlled studies of long-term experiences with CAPD are needed. The initiation of a CAPD program should be done with extensive planning and care. CAPD is still a technique that can only be offered by specialists experienced in all of the complicated aspects of medical care in dialysis patients. Because this technique is spreading so rapidly and yet is still in its infancy, I would strongly urge cooperative studies of new devices and solution modifications to truly establish their worth and to control the spread of expensive but unproven gadgets. Also, there is an important need for a national registry of CAPD. The unfortunate demise of the hemodialysis registry and the transplant registry in this country at least took place after some years of monitoring and maturation of these techniques. The national experiences with CAPD should be shared to nurture the maturation of this promising but still evolving technique.
Investigation on Orange Peel: Derivatization of Isolated Cellulosic Material and Analysis of the Fatty Acids Composition (2012)

Isolation of cellulosic material from the waste material, orange (Citrus sinensis) peel has been carried out. The isolated cellulosic material has been converted into its acetate ester. The acetate derivative has been characterized by titrimetric method and IR spectra. The fatty acid composition of the orange peel has also analyzed by GLC. Successful conversion of agro-waste into its acetate derivative and the fatty acid composition suggest an alternative use of this waste material.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10341 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 77-78 2012 (January)
[P3–318]: BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BRAIN ATROPHY IN COGNITIVELY NORMAL AND MCI GROUPS (2017)

The pathophysiologic processes leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) begin well before the onset of clinically detectable symptoms. Imaging methods for early detection are paramount to facilitate interventions that may decrease progression and morbidity associated with this devastating disease. The purpose of this study was to explore new longitudinal imaging biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using a novel technique to quantify voxel-wise directional deformation of brain structure. “ADNI1 Standardized 3T List” was used to characterize brain atrophy patterns between the baseline and 1 year in MCI (n=56) compared to cognitively normal (CN) (n=39). Within-subject registration was performed across the data acquisition time points using Advanced Normalization Tools’ (ANTs) SyN nonlinear registration algorithm. Using longitudinal changes in deformation field between paired images, the voxel-wise volume change ratio (Jacobian Determinant, JD) and associated directional stretches/shrinks were estimated using an in-house morphometry analysis algorithm based on finite strain theory in X (anterior-posterior), Y (medial-lateral), and Z (superior-inferior) directions. We focused on gray matter (GM) region to avoid confounding effects of white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid during image registration. Within-group analysis results (Fig.1) demonstrate statistically significant gray matter volumetric decreases in both CN (top) and MCI (bottom) groups. Atrophy in the NL group was observed primarily at the interfaces of GM and WM, whereas the pattern of atrophy in the MCI group was more diffuse. Regional evaluation demonstrated statistically significant between group differences in rates of atrophy in bilateral hippocampal, caudate, putamen, thalamus and amygdala, where hippocampal and amygdala atrophy was characterized primarily by X-directional shrinkage (Fig. 2). Directional strains provided additional information that was not detectable with conventional volumetric analysis based on JD, with significant difference in X-directional contraction in insular cortex and right inferior temporal gyrus and Z-directional difference in bilateral middle cingulate gyri.
Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from waste frying oil by Cupriavidus necator (2011)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolymers, which can replace petrochemical plastics in many applications. However, these bioplastics are currently far more expensive than petrochemical plastics. Many researchers are investigating the use of inexpensive substrates derived from waste streams. Waste frying oil is abundant and can be used in PHA production without filtration.Cupriavidus necator (formerly known as Ralstonia eutropha) is a versatile organism for the production of PHAs. Small-scale batch fermentation studies have been set up, using different concentrations of pure vegetable oil, heated vegetable oil and waste frying oil. These oils are all rapeseed oils.It has been shown that Cupriavidus necator produced the homopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from the rapeseed oils. The achieved PHB concentration from waste frying oil was 1.2 g/l, which is similar to a concentration that can be obtained from glucose. The PHB harvest from pure oil and heated oil was 0.62 g/l and 0.9 g/l respectively. A feed of waste frying oil could thus achieve more biopolymer than pure vegetable oil. While the use of a waste product is beneficial from a life-cycle perspective, PHB is not the only product that can be made from waste oil. The collection of waste frying oil is becoming more widespread, making waste oil a good alternative to purified oil or glucose for PHB production.
A comparative study of control techniques for PWM rectifiers in AC adjustable speed drives (2003)

Four control techniques for pulse-width modulation (PWM) rectifiers in AC adjustable speed drives are presented. In particular, the so-called virtual-flux oriented control (VFOC) and virtual-flux based direct power control (VF-DPC) schemes are described and compared with their voltage based counterparts. These are the voltage oriented control (VOC) and voltage-based direct power control (V-DPC) techniques. Theoretical background is provided, and results of computer simulations and laboratory experiments are given, documenting advantages and disadvantages of the individual control strategies.
Fluoroalkyl- and 3-(Fluoroalkoxy)propylpolysiloxanes (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluoroalkyl- and 3-(Fluoroalkoxy)propylpolysiloxanesOMAR W. STEWARD and OGDEN R. PIERCECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 8, 2943–2947Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01066a076https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01066a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EFFECT OF OXYRASE<sup>TM</sup> ENZYME ON <i>LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES</i> AND OTHER FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES<sup>1</sup> (1990)

ABSTRACT The use of an oxygen‐reducing membrane fraction to stimulate growth of some anaerobic bacteria has been reported. In this study, stimulated recovery of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 , Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus faecalis, and heat‐injured Listeria monocytogenes was achieved by using broth media supplemented with Oxyrase TM ( membrane‐bound enzyme system derived from E. coli). The Oxyrase TM enzyme allowed rapid growth of these facultatively anaerobic organisms in a nonselective broth. The activity of Oxyrase TM in four different selective enrichment broths to support growth of L. monocytogenes also was evaluated. Among tested broths, FDA‐approved Listeria Enrichment Broth containing Oxyrase TM was found to be substantially superior for facilitating the growth of L. monocytogenes. Oxyrase TM promoted a significantly greater number of L. monocytogenes than commonly used but nonspecific reducing agents, such as L‐cysteine HCl and sodium thioglycolate . These findings indicated that all organisms tested can be grown well in liquid media using the oxygen‐consuming membrane fragments to achieve and maintain oxygen‐limited conditions. The Oxyrase TM enzyme system has potential applications in some selective media and other diagnostic tests specified for rapid detection of these facultatively anaerobic pathogens .
New structure of oversampling converters (delta-sigma modulator) (1991)

A novel structure of delta-sigma modulator (DSM) is proposed where a two-stage second-order loop is modified to a third-order loop by using a differentiator. The structure is simple and is shown to achieve 16-bit performance for Hi-Fi audio-band applications when the sample rate is 3 MHz. For the applications in A/D, the sample rate for this structure is two times of that for the double-loop DSM. For the application in D/A, 17-bit resolution is obtained by sending the output of the differentiator back to the first stage comparator. The circuit implementation of the structure and its nonideal effect have been verified by computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inter-crystal scatter in a dual layer, high resolution LSO-APD positron emission tomograph (2003)

Improving system efficiency without jeopardizing spatial resolution is one of the main problems of small animal PET scanners. In pursuit of this goal, the future LSO-APD-PET prototype MADPET-II will combine highly granulated detector modules with a dual layer structure. The individual readout of the LSO crystals allows separately handling multiple signals related to those photons scattering between different crystal units (inter-crystal scatter, ICS). The contribution of ICS events can significantly increase the system efficiency. Such coincidences are not characterized by a unique LOR. However, in order to minimize resolution degradation, it would be desirable to identify the primary path of the ICS events. Since ICS is geometry dependent, this work was aimed at investigating the effects of ICS in the performance of the dual layer prototype. Different recovery algorithms to select the primary crystal were implemented and developed, and applied to Monte Carlo simulated data. Some of these algorithms were based on the properties of Compton kinematics. For a centred point source and a 100 keV lower energy threshold, the absolute system efficiency was found to increase by 35% when including ICS events: from 1.8% without ICS events to 2.8% with ICS. Similarly, for a threshold of 200 keV, the contribution of ICS coincidences still represented approximately 20% of the total detected coincidences, leading to an absolute system efficiency of almost 2%. The mispositioning introduced by processing ICS coincidences only led to a moderate broadening of the axial line spread function (LSF), especially at the tails of the profile (FWTM). This effect was also noticeable in the transaxial plane. In presence of scattering media (water-filled cylinder), the resolution degradation was dominated by the contribution of object scatter. The reconstructed images from a simulated homogeneous cylinder filled with activity with a non-active rod at its centre were employed to estimate the impact of ICS on the image quality. In general, the use of ICS coincidences increased the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) but worsened contrast. The effects of ICS on resolution could be reduced by employing a new identification scheme based on the maximum signal and the Compton kinematics. This method yielded the highest identification rate for the correct photon trajectory, even for a finite energy resolution of 15% (511 keV). This technique also increased the SNR by 17% to 30% and preserved the image contrast. In conclusion, by combining individual crystal readout, a low energy threshold and an appropriate recovery scheme, the processing of ICS coincidences significantly increases the system efficiency without any substantial deterioration of the image quality.
Response: Chemotherapy or allografting for young adults with high-risk ALL? (2008)

We thank the correspondent and agree that the issue is important. We enclose [Table 1][1] of survival at 5 years in the subgroups requested by the correspondent, where standard risk (SR) and high risk (HR) refer to white cell count and lineage only.

View this table:

Table 1 
Five-year survival by
New models of atherosclerosis and multi-drug therapeutic interventions (2018)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance in PbTe-based superlattice structures from reduction of lattice thermal conductivity (2005)

We have fabricated two-dimensional n-type PbTe∕PbTe0.75Se0.25 structures using an evaporation process. In optimized films exhibiting a high-quality superlattice structure, a significant reduction in lattice thermal conductivity has been experimentally measured. The reduction would indicate enhanced thermoelectric device performance compared to standard PbTeSe alloys given that the electrical components, specifically, the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity, were not observed to deteriorate from bulk values. The analysis of these films shows continuous layers with a true two-dimensional superlattice structure, as opposed to the PbTe∕PbSe system that exhibits zero-dimensional structures from self-assembly. The room-temperature measurement of cross-plane figure-of-merit in a n-type PbTe∕PbTe0.75Se0.25 device structure by the transient method has been combined with temperature-dependent measurements of in-plane resistivity and Seebeck coefficient to yield evidence of enhanced thermoelectric performance. The similarities and differences between the superlattice in the PbTe∕PbTe0.75Se0.25 system and the Bi2Te3∕Sb2Te3 material system are presented.
The Production of a Growth Inhibitor by Lactic Streptococci (1951)

probably was the first to show that lactic streptococci may inhibit growth of another lactic organism. He found that Streptococcus lactis inhibited acid production by Lactobacillus bulgaricus when the two organisms were grown together in making buttermilk. Whitehead and Ridder (14) and later Meanwell (8) isolated from "non-acid" or "slow" milks lactic streptococci which, when grown in normal milk, rendered it unsuitable for growth of starter organisms. Oxford (9) studied two of the cultures isolated by MeanweU and concluded that they produced a "protein-like substance of small molecular weight" which caused the inhibition of other organisms. He called the substance "diplocoeein." Hunter and Whitehead (5) observed that most strains of Streptococcus eremoris and most of the commercial mixed starter cultures tested by them grew poorly in milk in which inhibitory lactic organisms had previously grown, although certain strains grew normally. About one-fourth of the cultures of S. cremoris isolated from commercial starters by Hoyle and Nichols (4) were inhibitory to a test culture of S. cremoris. These workers also found that about one-third of the cultures of S./actis isolated by them from raw milk were inhibitory, and to a greater degree than were the cultures of S. cremoris.
Hydrogen‐Atom Abstraction Reactions by Manganese(V)– and Manganese(IV)–Oxo Porphyrin Complexes in Aqueous Solution (2009)

High-valent manganese(IV or V)-oxo porphyrins are considered as reactive intermediates in the oxidation of organic substrates by manganese porphyrin catalysts. We have generated Mn(V)- and Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins in basic aqueous solution and investigated their reactivities in C-H bond activation of hydrocarbons. We now report that Mn(V)- and Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins are capable of activating C-H bonds of alkylaromatics, with the reactivity order of Mn(V)-oxo>Mn(IV)-oxo; the reactivity of a Mn(V)-oxo complex is 150 times greater than that of a Mn(IV)-oxo complex in the oxidation of xanthene. The C-H bond activation of alkylaromatics by the Mn(V)- and Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins is proposed to occur through a hydrogen-atom abstraction, based on the observations of a good linear correlation between the reaction rates and the C-H bond dissociation energy (BDE) of substrates and high kinetic isotope effect (KIE) values in the oxidation of xanthene and dihydroanthracene (DHA). We have demonstrated that the disproportionation of Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins to Mn(V)-oxo and Mn(III) porphyrins is not a feasible pathway in basic aqueous solution and that Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrins are able to abstract hydrogen atoms from alkylaromatics. The C-H bond activation of alkylaromatics by Mn(V)- and Mn(IV)-oxo species proceeds through a one-electron process, in which a Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrin is formed as a product in the C-H bond activation by a Mn(V)-oxo porphyrin, followed by a further reaction of the Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrin with substrates that results in the formation of a Mn(III) porphyrin complex. This result is in contrast to the oxidation of sulfides by the Mn(V)-oxo porphyrin, in which the oxidation of thioanisole by the Mn(V)-oxo complex produces the starting Mn(III) porphyrin and thioanisole oxide. This result indicates that the oxidation of sulfides by the Mn(V)-oxo species occurs by means of a two-electron oxidation process. In contrast, a Mn(IV)-oxo porphyrin complex is not capable of oxidizing sulfides due to a low oxidizing power in basic aqueous solution.
Transcriptional and translational control of the message for transition protein 1, a major chromosomal protein of mammalian spermatids. (1987)

The spermatid transition proteins comprise a set of basic chromosomal proteins that appear during the period when spermatids are undergoing nuclear elongation and condensation, about midway between the end of meiosis and the release of spermatozoa from the seminiferous tubule. The transition proteins replace the histones but are themselves subsequently replaced by protamines, and they are not found in sperm nuclei. We have used a cDNA clone for the smallest transition protein (TP1, 54 amino acids) to show that its message first appears postmeiotically in late round spermatids. Thus production of TP1 is an example of haploid gene expression. The message remains translationally inactive for some 3-4 days before translation occurs in early elongating spermatids. While translationally repressed, TP1 message is nonpolysomal and has a discrete size of about 590 bases, including a 140 residue poly(A) tail. In contrast, polysome-associated message is of heterogeneous size due to variability of poly(A) lengths.
The identification of cells containing JC papovavirus DNA in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by combined <i>in situ</i> hybridization and immunocytochemistry (1989)

A double-labelling technique combining in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry is described which was used to characterize cells in the central nervous system containing JC virus DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. All four cases showed positive nuclear labelling for JC virus in both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The latter gave a strongly positive cytoplasmic staining reaction using antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. No nuclear labelling of neurones or endothelial cells was noted. The results confirm previous suggestions that glia are the main cells infected by JC virus in this disorder and show that the distribution of viral DNA in the brain is more extensive than suggested by routine microscopy alone. In situ hybridization for JC virus may be useful in confirming the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in both surgical biopsies and post-mortem brain tissue.