gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiences of parallelising finite‐element problems in a functional style (1995)

Abstract Experiences are described of parallelizing a functional finite‐element program (written in Haskell) for the solution of computational fluid‐dynamics problems. A transformation prototyping approach using a system developed at the University of York, which simulates idealised parallel machines on a conventional sequential workstation, is presented. In this paper we demonstrate: (a) the relative simplicity of the functional approach for parallelizing a complex program compared with the conventional procedural approach; (b) the suitability of functional languages for prototyping parallel algorithms to improve an implementation; and (c) the considerable assistance provided by the simulator.
The essential oil of turpentine and its major volatile fraction (α- and β-pinenes): a review (2009)

This paper provides a summary review of the major biological features concerning the essential oil of turpentine, its origin and use in traditional and modern medicine. More precisely, the safety of this volatile fraction to human health, and the medical, biological and environmental effects of the two major compounds of this fraction (alpha- and beta-pinenes) have been discussed.
Agitated to Clean: How the Washing Machine Changed Life for the American Woman (2015)

For most historians there exists a minimal understanding of women’s domestic life in the past. This project explores the tools used for washing clothing and provides insight into the lives of the individuals who used them, and how the evolution of these tools changed their way of life. Using a method based on the works of Jules David Prown, an interpretive analysis is being completed for multiple artifacts selected from the Idaho State Historical Society’s collection. The steps of this method include a thorough description of the artifact, making deductions about the artifact based on the description, as well as creating and testing hypotheses about what the artifact signifies. In addition to focusing on the specific artifacts, advertisements for these items are being analyzed to determine how these products were marketed to the women; this will assist in determining the comfort levels individuals had with newer methods of washing, and reveal the proposed benefits of transitioning to new machinery. The overall purpose of this research is to ignite an interest in the history of domestic women, as well as promote the preservation of the artifacts they used on a regular basis.
Enhanced loading of a magneto-optic trap from an atomic beam (1994)

We demonstrate enhanced loading of a $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ magneto-optic trap by broadening the frequency spectrum of the laser trapping light with a resonant electro-optic modulator. We achieve an \ensuremath{\sim}20-fold improvement in the loading rate over that obtained without a broadened spectrum when directly capturing atoms from a divergent atomic beam.
Highly automated image recomposition: the picture you wish you had taken (2007)

Have you ever lamented, "I wish I had taken a different picture of that 'Kodak Moment' when everyone was smiling and no one blinked"? With image recomposition, we strive to deliver the "one-click fix" experience to customers so they can easily create the perfect pictures that they never actually took. To accomplish this, a graphic user interface was created that integrates existing and new algorithms, including face detection, facial feature location, face recognition, expression recognition, face appearance and pose matching, and seamless blending. Advanced modes include face relighting. This system is capable of performing image recomposition from a mixture of videos and still photos, with ease of use and a high degree of automation.
Cognitive Impairments Induced by Concussive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mouse Are Ameliorated by Treatment with Phenserine via Multiple Non-Cholinergic and Cholinergic Mechanisms (2016)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), often caused by a concussive impact to the head, affects an estimated 1.7 million Americans annually. With no approved drugs, its pharmacological treatment represents a significant and currently unmet medical need. In our prior development of the anti-cholinesterase compound phenserine for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, we recognized that it also possesses non-cholinergic actions with clinical potential. Here, we demonstrate neuroprotective actions of phenserine in neuronal cultures challenged with oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity, two insults of relevance to TBI. These actions translated into amelioration of spatial and visual memory impairments in a mouse model of closed head mild TBI (mTBI) two days following cessation of clinically translatable dosing with phenserine (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg BID x 5 days initiated post mTBI) in the absence of anti-cholinesterase activity. mTBI elevated levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a marker of oxidative stress. Phenserine counteracted this by augmenting homeostatic mechanisms to mitigate oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase [SOD] 1 and 2, and glutathione peroxidase [GPx], the activity and protein levels of which were measured by specific assays. Microarray analysis of hippocampal gene expression established that large numbers of genes were exclusively regulated by each individual treatment with a substantial number of them co-regulated between groups. Molecular pathways associated with lipid peroxidation were found to be regulated by mTBI, and treatment of mTBI animals with phenserine effectively reversed injury-induced regulations in the 'Blalock Alzheimer's Disease Up' pathway. Together these data suggest that multiple phenserine-associated actions underpin this compound's ability to ameliorate cognitive deficits caused by mTBI, and support the further evaluation of the compound as a therapeutic for TBI.
HGF Increases Cisplatin Resistance via Down-Regulation of AIF in Lung Cancer Cells (2007)

Our previous study had shown that advanced stages of lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) was frequently associated with overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which has multipotent and anti-apoptotic activities. In this study, we examined the effect of HGF on gene expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cisplatin sensitivity in lung ADC cells. Expression of AIF was determined by immunocytochemistry and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Our data show that addition of HGF suppressed AIF expression and increased cisplatin resistance. The effect could be through HGF receptor and its downstream effector, focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Interestingly, knockout of FAK gene increased AIF expression and drug sensitivity. Re-introduction of FAK gene, on the other hand, restored drug resistance. These results suggested that HGF might induce cisplatin resistance via c-Met to activate FAK and down-regulate AIF expression.
Rapid detection of the main human plasma glycoproteins by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis lectin affinoblotting (1995)

Glycoprotein modifications in the glycan moiety can occur in diseases such as cancers, inflammatory processes and alcoholism. We combined high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) with lectin affinoblotting in order to establish the normal human plasma glycoprotein map. Human plasma proteins were separated by mini 2-D PAGE (7 x 9 cm), transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes and incubated with biotinylated lectins. We focused our study on lectins binding sialic acid and galactose residues. Known plasma glycoproteins such as alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin beta-chain and transferrin were easily detected in ng amounts. This protocol was adequate to establish a normal plasma glycoprotein map and will allow the study of glycoproteins in diseases.
Knowledge-Based Kernel Approximation (2004)

Prior knowledge, in the form of linear inequalities that need to be satisfied over multiple polyhedral sets, is incorporated into a function approximation generated by a linear combination of linear or nonlinear kernels. In addition, the approximation needs to satisfy conventional conditions such as having given exact or inexact function values at certain points. Determining such an approximation leads to a linear programming formulation. By using nonlinear kernels and mapping the prior polyhedral knowledge in the input space to one defined by the kernels, the prior knowledge translates into nonlinear inequalities in the original input space. Through a number of computational examples, including a real world breast cancer prognosis dataset, it is shown that prior knowledge can significantly improve function approximation.
Southeast Asian mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals genetic continuity of ancient mongoloid migrations. (1992)

Abstract Human mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from 153 independent samples encompassing seven Asian populations were surveyed for sequence variation using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction endonuclease analysis and oligonucleotide hybridization. All Asian populations were found to share two ancient AluI/DdeI polymorphisms at nps 10394 and 10397 and to be genetically similar indicating that they share a common ancestry. The greatest mtDNA diversity and the highest frequency of mtDNAs with HpaI/HincII morph 1 were observed in the Vietnamese suggesting a Southern Mongoloid origin of Asians. Remnants of the founding populations of Papua New Guinea (PNG) were found in Malaysia, and a marked frequency cline for the COII/tRNA(Lys) intergenic deletion was observed along coastal Asia. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that both insertion and deletion mutations in the COII/tRNA(Lys) region have occurred more than once.
Event-based Activity Analysis in Live Video Using a Generic Object Tracker (2002)

In earlier work we introduced a generic, modular tracker architecture that combines the advantages of several simple and rapidly performing tracking algorithms. The adaptive choice of critical system parameters such as processing regions and resolution results in robustness to varying frame rates and computational constraints. In this paper, we describe the embedding of our tracker into a distributed infrastructure for visual surveillance applications via an event-based mechanism. The tracker generates applicationindependent events on the basis of generic incidents and target interactions detected in the video stream. These events can then be received and interpreted by applicationspecific clients. We report experimental results on the shopwindow datasets of PETS 2002. 1.
PRIMAL: Fast and Accurate Pedigree-based Imputation from Sequence Data in a Founder Population (2015)

Founder populations and large pedigrees offer many well-known advantages for genetic mapping studies, including cost-efficient study designs. Here, we describe PRIMAL (PedigRee IMputation ALgorithm), a fast and accurate pedigree-based phasing and imputation algorithm for founder populations. PRIMAL incorporates both existing and original ideas, such as a novel indexing strategy of Identity-By-Descent (IBD) segments based on clique graphs. We were able to impute the genomes of 1,317 South Dakota Hutterites, who had genome-wide genotypes for ~300,000 common single nucleotide variants (SNVs), from 98 whole genome sequences. Using a combination of pedigree-based and LD-based imputation, we were able to assign 87% of genotypes with >99% accuracy over the full range of allele frequencies. Using the IBD cliques we were also able to infer the parental origin of 83% of alleles, and genotypes of deceased recent ancestors for whom no genotype information was available. This imputed data set will enable us to better study the relative contribution of rare and common variants on human phenotypes, as well as parental origin effect of disease risk alleles in >1,000 individuals at minimal cost.
Local hypothermia protects the retina from ischemia. A quantitative study in the rat. (1989)

We developed a quantitative histologic method for assessing injury in the rat retina due to transient ischemia. We used this technique to test the effectiveness of local hypothermia and allopurinol, an inhibitor of oxygen-free radical formation, in reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat retina. Retinal ischemia and reperfusion was produced by transient ligation of the optic nerve. Histologic evaluation by a masked observer was based on the average count of nonpyknotic nuclei in the inner nuclear layer of the retina from eight high power fields (X100) in one 5 microns thick sagital section at or near the optic nerve. A sharp increase in tissue damage occurs between 90 and 120 min of ischemia. Ischemia for periods of 60 and 90 min produced mild damage while periods of 120 and 240 min produced severe damage. Hypothermia protected the retina significantly from 120 min of ischemic injury (P less than 0.001 student t-test, compared to 120 min control), while allopurinol had no protective effect.
No reactive hypoglycaemia in Type 2 diabetic patients after subcutaneous administration of GLP‐1 and intravenous glucose (2001)

Subcutaneous GLP-1 plus intravenous glucose induced reactive hypoglycaemia in healthy subjects, but not in Type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, a GLP-1-based therapy would not be expected to be associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Nonlinear Optical Image Subtraction For Potential Industrial Applications (1988)

Recent advances in optical phase conjugation and energy coupling at optical powers as low as a few milliwatts have added a new dimension to optical image processing. Conventional image processing techniques based on convolution/correlation, matched filtering, and holographic interferometry can now be achieved with much simpler components and usually at much higher efficiency by incorporating these new features. Some of the application concepts that had been impracticable can now be realized. The basic principle and potential industrial applications of real-time image subtraction using dynamic holograms are reviewed. Optical implementations and experimental results on image subtraction, novelty filtering, and defect detection are discussed.
Bioinformatics of proteases in the MEROPS database. (2004)

Proteolytic enzymes represent approximately approximately 2% of the total number of proteins present in all types of organisms. Many of these enzymes are of medical importance, and those that are of potential interest as drug targets can be divided into the endogenous enzymes encoded in the human genome, and the exogenous proteases encoded in the genomes of disease-causing organisms. There are also naturally occurring inhibitors of proteases, some of which have pharmaceutical relevance. The MEROPS database provides a rich source of information on proteases and their inhibitors. Storage and retrieval of this information is facilitated by the use of a hierarchical classification system (which was pioneered by the compilers of the database) in which homologous proteases and their inhibitors are divided into clans and families.
At the root of parliamentary party cohesion: the role of intraparty heterogeneity and party ideology (2016)

La cohésion est un enjeu crucial pour les groupes parlementaire. Les chercheurs se sont donc largement intéressés aux déterminants de cette cohésion. Une idée très répandue est que la cohésion découle d’un niveau d’accord important entre parlementaires, produit de l’homogénéité de leurs préférences idéologiques. Cette recherche fait valoir que ces deux dimensions –accord et homogénéité– recouvrent des réalités différentes, et que leur relation n’est pas si évidente. Le document soutient que l’idéologie du parti fonctionne comme un médiateur entre l’hétérogénéité des préférences et le niveau de désaccords au sein du parti. Les analyses se basent sur des données attitudinales collectées auprès de 840 députés dans 15 assemblées nationales européennes, et sont réalisées au niveau agrégé. Les résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives sur la relation entre l’idéologie, l’homogénéité des préférences et le niveau d’accord au sein des groupes parlementaires.
Hot-Wire Anemometry: Principles and Signal Analysis (1996)

Hot-wire anemometry (HWA) is one of the basic measuring techniques used by research scientists and engineers working in fluid mechanics. It is applicable to a wide variety of flows from studies of atmospheric phenomena to investigations of supersonic flows. HWA is an indirect measuring technique based on the heat transfer from a sensing element and for this reason is very sensitive to ambient variations in the temperature. The use of HWA is therefore not usually recommended for the measurement of mean flow properties. However, owing to the fast response and good spatial resolution of the technique, it is irreplaceable for investigations of rapidly varying flows and especially turbulence. Different modes of operation of the hot-wires permit measurements of velocity, temperature and concentration at a modest price and effort which makes the technique attractive and profitable in many situations. In spite of tremendous developments of other measuring techniques over the past two decades, particularly optical techniques such as laser-Doppler anemometry (LDA) or particle image velocimetry (PIV), HWA retains a number of distinct advantages which ensure its present and future use. Hans Bruun has written a comprehensive book which provides a state-of-the-art survey on developments and use of HWA. In many details the book complements the classical monographs of Corrsin (1963), Melnik and Weske (1967) and the more recent contributions to the subject from Perry (1982) and Lomas (1986).
Silica-Decorated Polypropylene Microfiltration Membranes with a Mussel-Inspired Intermediate Layer for Oil-in-Water Emulsion Separation (2014)

Silica-decorated polypropylene microfiltration membranes were fabricated via a facile biomimetic silicification process on the polydopamine/polyethylenimine-modified surfaces. The membranes exhibit superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity derived from the inherent hydrophilicity and the well-defined micronanocomposite structures of the silica-decorated surfaces. They can be applied in varieties of oil-in-water emulsions separation with high permeate flux (above 1200 L/m(2)h under 0.04 MPa) and oil rejection (above 99%). The membranes also have relatively high oil breakthrough pressure reaching 0.16 MPa due to the microporous structure, showing great potential for practical applications. Furthermore, such mussel-inspired intermediate layer provides us a convenient and powerful tool to fabricate organic-inorganic hybrid membranes for advanced applications.
Talking to strangers (1996)

This empirical study examines factors influencing the success of a commercial groupware system in creating group archives and supporting asynchronous communication. The study investigates the use of Lotus Notesm in a workplace setting. We interviewed 21 Notes users and identified three factors that they thought contributed to the successful use of Notes databases for archiving and communication. We then tested the effect of these factors on 15,571 documents in 20 different databases. Contrary to our users' beliefs, we found the presence of an active database moderator actually inhibited discussions, and reduced browsing. Further paradoxical results were that conversations and the creation of group archives were more successful in databases with large numbers of diverse participants. Conversations and archiving were less successful in smaller, more homogeneous, project teams. Database size was also important: a large database containing huge amounts of information was more likely to be used for further conversations and archiving, than a small one. This result again ran counter to users' beliefs that small databases are superior. We discuss possible reasons for these findings in terms of critical mass and media competition, and conclude with implications for design.
The opposing effects of basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta on the regulation of plasminogen activator activity in capillary endothelial cells. (1987)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a potent inducer of angiogenesis in vivo, stimulates the production of both urokinase- and tissue-type plasminogen activators (PAs) in cultured bovine capillary endothelial cells. The observed increase in proteolytic activity induced by bFGF was effectively diminished by picogram amounts of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), but could not be abolished by increasing the amount of TGF beta. However, the inhibition by TGF beta was greatly enhanced if the cells were pretreated with TGF beta before addition of bFGF. After prolonged incubation of cultures treated simultaneously with bFGF and TGF beta, the inhibitory effect of TGF beta diminished and the stimulatory effect of the added bFGF dominated as assayed by PA levels. TGF beta did not alter the receptor binding of labeled bFGF, nor did a 6-h pretreatment with TGF beta reduce the amount of bFGF bound. The major difference between the effects of bFGF and TGF beta was that while bFGF effectively enhanced PA activity expressed by the cells, TGF beta decreased the amounts of both cell-associated and secreted PA activity by decreasing enzyme production. Both bFGF and TGF beta increased the secretion of the endothelial-type plasminogen activator inhibitor.
New section in journal of translational medicine: patient-targeted molecular therapies (2012)

This Editorial announces a new section in the Journal of Translational Medicine: Patient-Targeted Molecular Therapies. This section is dedicated to the dissemination of targeted molecular therapies in context of patient-centered outcomes research and evidence-based clinical decisions. The focus on patient-targeted molecular therapies - spanning small molecules and biomolecules alike - stems from the unprecedented growth in this arena. This is consonant with the overall objective of the Journal of Translational Medicine, which seeks out to expand firmly to other vast areas of medicine in the domain of translational science, viewed here as the transaction between translational research and translational effectiveness. As we inaugurate this new section in Journal of Translational Medicine, with its mission described in detail in this Editorial, we invite interested scientists to submit their work for publication.
[The study on the regeneration of skeletal muscles after denervation]. (2004)

Degeneration and regeneration may coexisted in the denervated muscles. The regenerated muscle cells can't fully develop due to the deficit of nerve regulation and degenerate again. The regenerated muscle cells will melt each other and can't develop to mature muscle fiber in the later stage.
Sputtering of silicon dioxide near threshold (1988)

The sputtering rate for silicon dioxide by argon ion bombardment at energies appropriate for ion beam deposition (&lt;100 eV) has been measured. It has been found that the energy dependence of the oxide sputtering rate at these low energies is easily predicted by assuming the yield is limited by the metallic component of the binary target. This assumption is shown to predict also the sputtering rate of other metallic oxides.