gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review: <i>Cities in Transition: Social Changes and Institutional Responses in Urban Development</i>, by Peter R. Gluck and Richard J. Meister (1979)

Book Review| July 01 1979 Review: Cities in Transition: Social Changes and Institutional Responses in Urban Development, by Peter R. Gluck and Richard J. Meister Cities in Transition: Social Changes and Institutional Responses in Urban DevelopmentPeter R. GluckRichard J. Meister G. P. K. G. P. K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (1979) 1 (4): 79. https://doi.org/10.2307/3377292 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation G. P. K.; Review: Cities in Transition: Social Changes and Institutional Responses in Urban Development, by Peter R. Gluck and Richard J. Meister. The Public Historian 1 July 1979; 1 (4): 79. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3377292 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1979 The Public Historian Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
STUDIES ON EARLINESS GENES IN RICE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANALYSIS OF ISOALLELES AT THE <i>E</i> LOCUS (1976)

By recurrent backcrossing continued up to the B20 generation, isogenic lines with earliness genes were established. A pure line of a rice variety, Taichung 65 (abridged as T65, Japonica type, insensitive to photoperiod) was exclusively used as the recurrent parent; two early maturing cultivars from northern China (A) and northern Japan (B) and two radiation-induced early-maturing mutant lines of T65 were each used as the donor parent. The results of crossing experiments with those isogenic lines demonstrated that the earliness genes from different donor parents were at the same locus on the 8th chromosome (symbolized E), and similarly moved up the time of floral initiation about 7 days and shortened the period from floral initiation to heading by about 3 days. However, when the lines with different E alleles were compared in more detail, they showed significant differences. Evidence was produced showing that the E locus would be a region containing several recombinationary separable subloci and when the “suballeles” were combined in cis form, complementation would restore the function of an E allele. There could also be an element suppressing the function of the whole region and making the recessive allele, e, carried by T65; its mutation may result in induction of dominant E alleles. Slight but significant changes in the effect of E alleles were observed when the isogenic lines were “purified” by backcrossing. Further, isogenic lines having a modifier gene at an independent locus, m, were investigated. The m gene intensified the effect of E alleles, the magnitude of the epistatic effect differing according to E alleles. When combined with e, the m gene had no effect in summer, but promoted heading several days in the winter season. There can be other modifier genes than m exerting a buffering effect when recombined. A summary of earlier papers on these earliness genes was presented in addition.
Miconazole, a Broad-Spectrum Antimycotic Agent with Antibacterial Activity (1972)

Miconazole tested in vitro against the most important fungi pathogenic for man and animals, and against gram-positive bacteria has proved to be highly potent. The dermatophytes, yeasts, dimorphic fungi, Aspergilli and the mycetoma-causing agents are the most sensitive. This activity was confirmed by in vivo tests on guinea pigs infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis or Candida albicans. Miconazole used orally or topically was very active against experimental tinea and candidosis in guinea pigs. For each test, the authors compared the activity of miconazole with different reference compounds.
Purification from Synaptosomal Plasma Membranes of Calpain I, a Thiol Protease Activated by Micromolar Calcium Concentrations (1983)

Synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPMs) were prepared from whole rat brain and assayed for calcium-stimulated proteolytic activity. Addition of calcium to SPMs caused a dose-dependent increase in trichloroacetic acid-soluble protein. Two peaks of protease activity directed against a casein substrate were detectable when SPMs were incubated with low-ionic-strength buffer and the extract was fractionated on DEAE-cellulose. The enzyme in peak 1 required less than 1/10 the calcium concentration for activation as the peak 2 protease (Kact1 = 35 microM; Kact2 = 500 microM). The specific thiol-protease inhibitors leupeptin and antipain and the alkylator iodoacetate blocked enzyme activity. The low-sensitivity protease was converted to a high-sensitivity enzyme (Kact = 20 microM) by substrate affinity chromatography in the presence of calcium. This protease was purified 550-fold from SPMs. The high- and low-sensitivity membrane-associated calcium-dependent proteases are part of a family of enzymes, the calpains, previously reported in cytosolic fractions of several tissues.
Characterization of the First Nonmammalian T2 Cytokine Gene Cluster: The Cluster Contains Functional Single-Copy Genes for IL-3, IL-4, IL-13, and GM-CSF, a Gene for IL-5 That Appears to Be a Pseudogene, and a Gene Encoding Another Cytokinelike Transcript, KK34 (2004)

A genomics approach based on the conservation of synteny was used to develop a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contig across the chicken T2 cytokine gene cluster. Sequencing of representative BACs showed that the chicken genome encodes genes for the homologs of mammalian interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). These sequences represent the first T2 cytokines found outside of mammals, and their location demonstrates that the T2 cluster is ancient (at least 300 million years old). Four of these genes (IL-3, IL-4, IL-13, and GM-CSF) are expressed at the mRNA level and can be expressed as recombinant protein. In contrast to the other four genes, the chicken IL-5 (ChIL-5) gene we sequenced lacks a recognizable promoter and regulatory sequences in the predicted 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Further, there is no evidence for its expression at the mRNA level. We, therefore, hypothesize that it is a pseudogene. Genomic analysis revealed that a recently characterized cytokinelike transcript, KK34, not identified in our initial analysis of the BAC sequence, is also encoded in this cluster. This gene may represent a duplication of an ancestral IL-5 gene and may encode the functional homolog of IL-5 in the chicken.
1-Alkoxy-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidines and Their 3-Methyl Homologs<sup>*</sup> as New Analgesics (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1-Alkoxy-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidines and Their 3-Methyl Homologs* as New AnalgesicsRANDOLPH T. MAJOR and FRIEDRICH DÜRSCHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 6, 1867–1874Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01065a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01065a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views452Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reactive Cerium(IV) Oxide Powders by the Homogeneous Precipitation Method (1993)

CeO 2 powders have been prepared by aging a cerium(III) nitrate solution in the presence of hexamethylenetetramine. Oxidation of Ce 3+ occurs in the precipitate and the wet precipitate is identified as crystallized CeO 2 before any heat treatment. The cold‐pressed powders can be sintered to full density at temperatures as low as 1250°C in just 6 min. Moreover, the sinterability of the powders is insensitive to the calcination temperatures, particle size, or green density. The powders calcined at 850°C with a crystallite size of 600 Å have a sinterability as good as the powders calcined at 450°C with a crystallite size of 145 Å. The mechanisms for direct CeO 2 precipitation and its relation to the excellent sinterability are discussed.
Levels of mTOR and its downstream targets 4E‐BP1, eEF2, and eEF2 kinase in relationships with tau in Alzheimer's disease brain (2005)

The pathogenesis of formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains is unknown. One of the possibilities might be that translation of tau mRNA is aberrantly regulated in AD brains. In the current study, levels of various translation control elements including total and phosphorylated (p) forms of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), and eEF2 kinase were investigated in relationship with tau in homogenates of the medial temporal cortex from 20 AD and 10 control brains. We found that levels of p-mTOR (Ser2481), and p-4E-BP1 (Thr70 and Ser65) dramatically increase in AD, and are positively significantly correlated with total tau and p-tau. Levels of p-eEF2K were significantly increased, and total eEF2 significantly decreased in AD, when compared to controls. The changes of p-mTOR (2481), p-4E-BP1, and p-eEF2 were immunohistochemically confirmed to be in neurons of AD brains. This suggested that there are obvious abnormalities of elements related with translation control in AD brain and their aberrant changes may up-regulate the translation of tau mRNA, contributing to hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation in NFT-bearing neurons.
An AlN/Al0.85Ga0.15N high electron mobility transistor (2016)

An AlN barrier high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based on the AlN/Al0.85Ga0.15N heterostructure was grown, fabricated, and electrically characterized, thereby extending the range of Al composition and bandgap for AlGaN channel HEMTs. An etch and regrowth procedure was implemented for source and drain contact formation. A breakdown voltage of 810 V was achieved without a gate insulator or field plate. Excellent gate leakage characteristics enabled a high Ion/Ioff current ratio greater than 107 and an excellent subthreshold slope of 75 mV/decade. A large Schottky barrier height of 1.74 eV contributed to these results. The room temperature voltage-dependent 3-terminal off-state drain current was adequately modeled with Frenkel-Poole emission.
Silica Nucleation, Polymerization, and Growth Preparation of Monodispersed Sols (1994)

The industrial development of silica sol manufacturing methods is reviewed. Primary attention is focused on the preparation of monodispersed sols from water glass by the ion-exchange method. Details are given for variations of manufacturing process and for the characteristics of both the processes and sols obtained. Furthermore, the following surface modifications of particles are demonstrated: silica sols stabilized with ammonia, amine, and quaternary ammonium hydroxide; aluminum-modified or cation-coated silica sol; and lithium silicate. Finally, future trends in silica sol manufacturing are discussed from the viewpoint of not only raw materials and improvement of the procedures but also the function of the silica sols and their particle shape.
Oxygen-Dependent Regulation of the Expression of the Catalase Gene <i>katA</i> of <i>Lactobacillus sakei</i> LTH677 (1998)

The catalase gene katA of Lactobacillus sakei LTH677 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli UM2, Lactobacillus casei LK1, and Lactobacillus curvatus LTH1432. The last host is a catalase-deficient plasmid-cured derivative of a starter organism used in meat fermentation. The regulation of katA expression was found to be the same in L. sakei LTH677 and the recombinant strains. The addition of H2O2 to anaerobic cultures, as well as a switch to aerobic conditions, resulted in a strong increase in KatA activity. The expression was investigated in more detail with L. sakei LTH677 and L. curvatus LTH4002. The recombinant strain LTH4002 did not accumulate H2O2 under glucose-limited aerobic conditions and remained viable in the stationary phase. Under inductive conditions, the katA-specific mRNA and the apoenzyme were synthesized de novo. Deletion derivatives of the katA promoter were produced, and the regulatory response was investigated by fusion to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene gusA and expression in L. sakei LTH677. The fact that gene expression was subject to induction was confirmed at the level of transcription and protein synthesis. A small putative regulatory sequence of at least 25 bp was identified located upstream of the -35 site. Competition experiments performed with L. sakei LTH677 harboring the fusion constructs consisting of the katA promoter and gusA revealed that an activator protein is involved in the transcriptional induction of katA.
O-band quantum-confined Stark effect optical modulator from Ge/Si0.15Ge0.85 quantum wells by well thickness tuning (2014)

We report an O-band optical modulator from a Ge/Si0.15Ge0.85 multiple quantum well (MQW). Strong O-band optical modulation in devices commonly operating within E-band wavelength range can be achieved by simply decreasing the quantum well thickness. Both spectral photocurrent and optical transmission studies are performed to evaluate material characteristics and device performance from a surface-illuminated diode and a waveguide modulator, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of using Ge/Si0.15Ge0.85 MQWs for the realization of future on-chip wavelength-division multiplexing systems with optical modulators operating at different wavelengths over a wide spectral range.
Quantum mechanical calculations on biological systems (1998)

Improvements in quantum chemical methods have led to increased applications to biological problems, including the development of potential energy functions for molecular mechanics and modeling of the reactive chemistry in enzyme active sites, with particularly interesting progress being made for metal-containing systems. An important direction is the development and application of hybrid quantum chemical-molecular mechanics methods.
Moisture Absorption and Desorption of Composite Materials (1976)

Expressions are presented for the moisture distribution and the mois ture content as a function of time of one dimensional homogeneous and composite materials exposed either on one side or on both sides to humid air or to water. The results apply during both moisture absorption and desorption when the moisture content and the temperature of the environ ment are constant. Test procedures are described for determining experi mentally the values of the moisture content and the diffusivity of com posite materials. A series of tests using unidirectional and π/4 Graphite T-300 Fiberite 1034 composites were performed in the temperature range 300—425 K with the material submerged both in moist air (humidity 0 to 100%) and in water. The test data support the analytical results and pro vide the moisture absorption and desorption characteristics of such com posites. Extension of the results to materials exposed to time varying envi ronmental conditions is indicated.
The follicle stem cells require a dynamic population of stromal cells in the Drosophila ovary (2014)

Epithelial stem cells are maintained within niches that promote self-renewal by providing signals that specify the stem cell fate. In the Drosophila ovary, epithelial follicle stem cells (FSCs) reside in niches at the anterior tip of the tissue and support continuous growth of the ovarian follicle epithelium. Here, we demonstrate that a neighboring dynamic population of stromal cells, called escort cells, are FSC niche cells. We show that escort cells produce both Wingless and Hedgehog ligands for the FSC lineage, and that Wingless signaling is specific for the FSC niche whereas Hedgehog signaling is active in both FSCs and daughter cells. In addition, we show that multiple escort cells simultaneously encapsulate germ cell cysts and contact FSCs. Thus, FSCs are maintained in a dynamic niche by a non-dedicated population of niche cells.
Diversity through duplication: Whole‐genome sequencing reveals novel gene retrocopies in the human population (2014)

Gene retrocopies are generated by reverse transcription and genomic integration of mRNA. As such, retrocopies present an important exception to the central dogma of molecular biology, and have substantially impacted the functional landscape of the metazoan genome. While an estimated 8,000-17,000 retrocopies exist in the human genome reference sequence, the extent of variation between individuals in terms of retrocopy content has remained largely unexplored. Three recent studies by Abyzov et al., Ewing et al. and Schrider et al. have exploited 1,000 Genomes Project Consortium data, as well as other sources of whole-genome sequencing data, to uncover novel gene retrocopies. Here, we compare the methods and results of these three studies, highlight the impact of retrocopies in human diversity and genome evolution, and speculate on the potential for somatic gene retrocopies to impact cancer etiology and genetic diversity among individual neurons in the mammalian brain.
Efficient handling of mode switching and speech transitions in the EVS codec (2015)

The recently standardized codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) consists of a number of modes to achieve its high coding flexibility. In this paper we focus on techniques that enable a seamless switching between two linear prediction based modes running at different sampling rates within this codec. The first one deals with an efficient conversion of the linear prediction filter coefficients. The other one is based on a constrained-memory ACELP called transition coding (TC) that significantly limits the inter-frame long-term dependency. We show that the use of TC can be successfully extended to improve quality also in coding other transitions, e.g. strong onsets of voiced speech.
Efficient FORTRAN subprograms for the solution of elliptic partial differential equations. (1975)

The purpose of this paper is to describe technical note, NCAR TN/IA-109, which is intended to provide scientists with a package of computer programs which make use of current methods for solving elliptic partial differential equations. Computer models of geophysical processes often require the numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations. This is particularly true for models which make use of stream functions, velocity potentials, or vorticity equations, or in which the pressure of an incompressible fluid is computed. The numerical solution of elliptic equations can be a formidable programming task. Also, the equations are often time-dependent, requiring repeated solutions and, hence, considerable computing resources. Efficient, reliable, and well-documented computer subroutines for solving such equations are needed. With recent advances in computing methods, it became apparent to the authors that a very large class of elliptic equations (separable) could be solved rapidly and with minimal storage. Of particular importance was the fact that, as a result of work on singular problems, this class was free of special cases for which solutions could not be obtained numerically.
Automatic Scoring of Shooting Targets with Tournament Precision (2012)

This paper describes a computer vision based automatic scoring system of shooting targets. The system estimates scoring with a professional tournament precision, but is dedicated to amateur shooters and can work with photos taken by amateur cameras and mobile devices. The automatic scoring issue is divided into three problems: a target detection, a holes detection, and a hole analysis. The target is detected on the base of a bull&ndash;eye localization. The holes detection bases on the Hough transformation. The holes analysis localizes a position of hole&rsquo;s center. The position relative to detected scoring sections is a base for scoring. The proposed algorithm detects holes with 99 percent accuracy. An elimination of false positives results reduces the level of accepted holes to 92 percents. The average error for the automatic score estimation is 0.05 points. The estimation error for over 91 percent holes is lesser than a tournament&ndash;scoring threshold.
A 20MHz 32b pipelined CMOS image processor (1986)

A 32b image processor with writable control stores that can process a 1024-point complex FFT in 1ms, has been developed. This paper will report on features which include fabrication in 1.2μm N-well CMOS, use of double layer metal technology and the integration of 170K transistors. Dissipation is 750mw at 5V.
Effect of synthetic matrix-metalloproteinase inhibitors on invasive capacity and proliferation of human malignant gliomasIn vitro (1999)

Glioma invasion into the surrounding brain tissue is still a major obstacle for any therapeutical approach. As in other solid tumors, matrix-metalloproteases (MMPs) have been suggested as being involved. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of MMP inhibitors to target the protease-mediated invasion process could be a feasible approach. Two human cell lines (U251 and GaMG) and surgical specimens of 6 patients with malignant gliomas were grown as monolayers and spheroid cultures respectively. MMP- and u-PA-mRNA expression was investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Invasion was studied in Matrigel-coated Boyden chamber transwell assays for monolayers and in confrontation cultures of tumor spheroids with fetal rat brain aggregates in the presence of the synthetic MMP inhibitors batimastat (BB-94) and marimastat (BB-2516). Cytotoxicity/cytostatic effects of high concentrations of both compounds were assessed by growth curves, MTT assays and flow cytometry in human glioma cell lines. Batimastat and marimastat revealed a cytostatic effect at high concentrations (above 1 microM) without cytotoxicity. Both MMP inhibitors effectively reduced glioma invasion in Boyden-chamber assays at low concentrations of 0.3 microM. In confrontation cultures, concentrations of 10 microM and above were necessary to reduce invasion. This effect was observable with inter-individual heterogeneity in the patient's tumor material. MMP inhibitors effectively reduce glioma invasion, although high concentrations were required in 3-dimensional culture systems. At these concentrations, both compounds revealed a cytostatic, but no cytotoxic effect. Thus, high local concentrations of MMP inhibitors could offer a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gliomas.