gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Downlink Control Channel Resource Allocation Algorithm for Cross-Carrier Scheduling in LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation System (2011)

CA (Carrier aggregation) is one of the most important techniques for LTE-Advanced system because of its capability to support wide bandwidth while achieving backward compatibility. This paper focuses on enhancements of downlink control channel resource allocation for CA system in order to improve the performance of control information transmission in cross-carrier scheduling. A novel metric, named impact factor, is proposed to represent the impact of control information location selection in the search space of one UE (User Equipment) to other UEs. On the basis of the proposed metric, an enhanced control information resource allocation algorithm is proposed to assign control region resource to multiple CCs (Component Carrier) and multiple UEs with low mutual impacts among each other. Furthermore, a novel control information placement method is proposed to solve the problem of active CC set mismatch between eNodeB and UE. Through this novel control information placement after CC activation, data transmission interruptions in cross carrier scheduling can be effectively reduced. Simulation results show the proposed method can effectively improve the control information transmission performance compared with existing methods.
Artificial Intelligence (2017)

Artificial intelligence, including machine learning, has emerged as a transformational science and engineering discipline. Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents presents AI using a coherent framework to study the design of intelligent computational agents. By showing how the basic approaches fit into a multidimensional design space, readers learn the fundamentals without losing sight of the bigger picture. The new edition also features expanded coverage on machine learning material, as well as on the social and ethical consequences of AI and ML. The book balances theory and experiment, showing how to link them together, and develops the science of AI together with its engineering applications. Although structured as an undergraduate and graduate textbook, the book's straightforward, self-contained style will also appeal to an audience of professionals, researchers, and independent learners. The second edition is well-supported by strong pedagogical features and online resources to enhance student comprehension.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 2,4-Diamino-3-hydroxyacids Starting from Diketopiperazines:  A New Route for the Preparation of Statine Analogues (2007)

Chiral 3-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-diones, obtained by transannular rearrangement of activated diketopiperazines, could be a springboard toward an exceptional stereoselective synthesis of original 2-disubstituted statines. After a selective reduction of the pyrrolidine-2,4-diones, the access to opened 2,4-diamino-3-hydroxyacid esters was carried out by a subsequent alkaline treatment or directly through a tandem reduction-solvolysis.
Influence of carrying book bags on gait cycle and posture of youths (1997)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of different methods of carrying book bags on static posture and gait kinematics of youths aged 11-13 years. Surveys identified group descriptive characteristics of subjects and book bags. Ten subjects representing the best composite of the mean characteristics of this population were filmed for both static posture and dynamic conditions of one stride length. Subjects participated in four conditions: without bag (WO), one-strap backpack (1BP), two-strap backpack (2BP), and one-strap athletic bag (ATH). Lateral spinal deviation was not significantly different between 2BP and WO. However, differences (+/-SE) were observed between 1BP (8.5 +/- 0.7 degrees) and ATH (8.3 +/- 2.4 degrees) as compared with WO (1.9 +/- 0.5 degrees). Shoulder elevation from a horizontal position showed no difference between WO and 2BP. Without bag (2.0 +/- 0.9 degrees) was different from 1BP (17.6 +/- 1.8 degrees) and ATH (15.6 +/- 2.1 degrees). 1BP was also different from 2BP (3.4 +/- 1.1 degrees). Bag carrying significantly decreased stride length (1.59 +/- 0.04 m) and increased stride frequency (57.36 +/- 1.6 cycles/min) compared to WO (1.72 +/- 0.06 m; 54.64 +/- 1.2 cycles/min, respectively), thereby reducing the support phase of the gait. One-strap bags (1BP, ATH) promoted lateral spinal bending and shoulder elevation, while the two-strap backpack significantly reduced these book bag carrying stresses. ATH promoted greater angular motion of the head and trunk as compared to backpack book bags. Carrying a backpack (1BP, 2BP) promoted significant forward lean of head and trunk compared to ATH or WO. In conclusion, the daily physical stresses associated with carrying book bags on one shoulder (1BP, ATH) significantly alters the posture and gait of youth.
Adaptive detection threshold optimization for tracking in clutter (1996)

The adaptive optimization of detection thresholds for tracking in clutter is investigated for the probabilistic data association (PDA) filter. Earlier work on this problem by T.E. Fortmann et al. (1985) involved an approximate steady-state analysis of the state error covariance and is only suitable for time-invariant systems. Furthermore, the method requires numerous assumptions and approximations about the error covariance update equation, and uses a cumbersome graphical optimization algorithm. In this work we propose two adaptive schemes for threshold optimization, namely prior and posterior optimization algorithms which minimize the mean-square state estimation error over detection thresholds which depend on data up to the previous and current time-step, respectively. These algorithm are suitable for real-time implementation in time-varying systems. Some simulation results are presented.
The solubility of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in water and sea-water at partial pressures of about 10-15 atmospheres (1979)

A new technique was used to measure the Bunsen solubility coefficients of CO and H2 in deionized water and artificial sea-water in the temperature range from 0° to 30 °C. The partial pressure of the respective gas was less than 2 × 10-5 atmospheres. Within 10% the results compare rather well with solubility data from the literature, which were obtained from measurements applying pure CO and H2 in the gaseous phase.
The Effects of Polyols on Human Hair. (1997)

ポリオール類はヘアケア製品に広く用いられているにもかかわらず, 毛髪への影響については十分に研究されていなかった。そこでわれわれはイソプレングリコール (IG) を用いてポリオール類の毛髪への影響について調べたところ, IGには超音波処理によって起こるキューティクルの剥離を抑制する作用や, 毛髪の溶液中での膨潤を抑制する作用があることが明らかになった。また, balanced fiber methodを用いて, 毛髪の曲げ特性に対するポリオール類の影響を調べたところ, ポリオール処理によって毛髪が軟らかくなった。このとき, 毛髪中の水分量は減少していた。また, DSCを用いて毛髪タンパク質に対する影響を調べたところ, ポリオール処理および毛髪水分量の増加によりα-ヘリックスの変性温度が低温側に移動した。これらの結果よりポリオール類は水と同じ様な挙動を示していることが示唆された。
Strength and Functional Measurement for Patients with Muscular Dystrophy (2012)

This chapter places emphasis on patients with more weakness in proximal than distal parts. The most common type of proximal muscular dystrophy is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Due to rapid deterioration, DMD can be seen as a severe form of muscular dystrophy. Other types of proximal muscular dystrophies have a slower rate of disease progression compared to DMD, such as Beck muscular dystrophy (BMD), limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and others.
Omega-K algorithm — A generalization for highly squinted spotlight SAR imaging with dechirp-on-receive (2011)

Abstract—Advanced synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems achieve high spatial resolution by using wide range bandwidth combined with long azimuth illumination time. In order to deal with such sensor parameters, high quality SAR focusing methods and often preprocessing of the raw data are necessary. Omega-K processing is commonly accepted as the ideal solution to the SAR focusing problem. Dechirp-on-receive can be used to reduce the analog bandwidth of SAR raw data. In this paper, a ready for implementation formulation of the Omega-K algorithm for squinted spotlight SAR with dechirp-on-receive is presented. The dechirp-on-receive procedure is analyzed showing that a phase error is induced. A method is presented which compensates this phase error by using a combination of a frequency dependent time shift filter and a constant time shift filter. Therewith, the theoretical achievable resolutions of the focused image reconstructed from both dechirped and chirped input data can be obtained.
APPLICATION OF RELAXATION SCHEME TO WAVE-PROPAGATION SIMULATION IN OPEN-CHANNEL NETWORKS. DISCUSSION AND CLOSURE (2000)

A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by M.M. Aral, Y. Zhang, and S. Jin, published in this journal (Volume 124, Number 11, November 1998), is presented. The discussers pose some questions regarding the authors' Example problem 2, indicating that they did not experience numerical difficulties in its solution when using a conventional four-point implicit scheme until the channel slope was increased to 0.006 or larger, as opposed to the authors' limiting slope of 0.002. They also compare their result with the authors' result and find some difference between the two. They indicate that in their application, a significant loop exists in the computer depth-discharge relation. Discussion is followed by closure from the authors.
Light-Driven Wettability Changes on a Photoresponsive Electrospun Mat (2011)

Novel nanofibers of biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) modified with light-responsive azobenzene were prepared by electrospinning upon a facile one-pot reaction. The surface chemistry of the nanofibers was probed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Both XPS and ToF-SIMS spectra proved the successful conjugation of azobenzene with PCL. ToF-SIMS not only enabled chemical mapping but also provided morphology information, supplementary to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The large, reversible, and light-responsive wettability changes of the functional fibrous surfaces were further demonstrated using UV-vis spectroscopy and contact angle (CA) measurements.
Service level agreement and provisioning in optical networks (2004)

This article proposes a service level agreement applied to the optical domain (O-SLA), which is expected to be the near- and long-term network technology of the great bandwidth capacity offered by optical devices. After an exposition of the rationale behind an optical SLA, parameters that could be included in this O-SLA, as well as their values for four classes of services are proposed. Different client (wavelength or subwavelength) and service types (from leased wavelength to bandwidth on demand) are distinguished when necessary. The last part of this article presents issues related to the provisioning of services emanating from this O-SLA.
Genetic algorithm can optimize hierarchical menus (2008)

Hierarchical menus are now ubiquitous. The performance of the menu depends on many factors: structure, layout, colors and so on. There has been extensive research on novel menus, but there has been little work on improving the performance by optimizing the menu's structure. This paper proposes an algorithm based on the genetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing the performance of menus. The algorithm aims to minimize the average selection time of menu items by considering movement and decision time. We show results on a static hierarchical menu of a cellular phone where a small screen and limited input device are assumed. Our work makes several contributions: a novel mathematical optimization model for hierarchical menus; novel optimization method based on the genetic algorithm (GA).
A Quantitative Determination of the Magnetic Moment of the Neutron in Units of the Proton Moment (1948)

A precision determination of the ratio of the magnetic moments of neutron and proton is presented. The method consists in determining the Larmor precession frequencies of neutrons and protons simultaneously in the same extremely homogeneous magnetic field. In this manner the ratio of the two Larmor frequencies gives directly the ratio of the two magnetic moments. The precession frequency of the neutrons is obtained by the occurrence of non-adiabatic transitions of a polarized neutron beam, the precession frequency of the protons by nuclear induction. Measurements are made so that only small differences in frequency have to be measured in terms of a constant but otherwise unknown standard. The value of the ratio of the two moments is found to be $\frac{|{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{N}|}{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{P}}=0.685001\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00003$. By use of this value in connection with the recent determination of the ratio of the moments of proton and deuteron by Bloch, Levinthal, and Packard, the deviation of the deuteron moment from additivity is found to be 0.02230\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00009 nuclear magnetons.
Integrating Identity-Based Cryptography In Ims Service Authentication (2009)

Nowadays, the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a promising research field. Many ongoing works related to the security and the performances of its employment are presented to the research community. Although, the security and data privacy aspects are very important in the IMS global objectives, they observe little attention so far. Secure access to multimedia services is based on SIP and HTTP digest on top of IMS architecture. The standard deploys AKA-MD5 for the terminal authentication. The third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) provided Generic Bootstrapping Architecture (GBA) to authenticate the subscriber before accessing multimedia services over HTTP. In this paper, we propose a new IMS Service Authentication scheme using Identity Based cryptography (IBC). This new scheme will lead to better performances when there are simultaneous authentication requests using Identity-based Batch Verification. We analyzed the security of our new protocol and we presented a performance evaluation of its cryptographic operations
Design Consideration of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Reliable High-Temperature Operation of STT-MRAM (2010)

Commercializing spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) requires thorough investigation of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) at temperature corners. In this paper, high-temperature behaviors of MTJs are investigated in conjunction with temperature-dependent transistor characteristics in order to ensure reliable high-temperature operation of STT-MRAM.
Improving Reservoir Characterization and Simulation With Near-Wellbore Modeling (2013)

Summary New reservoir characterization methods are needed to integrate multiscale exploration and development data, particularly at the interface between well and field models. In this paper, we illustrate a novel workflow involving high-resolution near-wellbore modeling (NWM), which allows us to accurately include seismic, wireline data, image logs, and well core logs from highly heterogeneous reservoirs in field-scale reservoir simulations. We demonstrate that an NWM-enhanced geoengineering workflow has the potential to improve reservoir characterization by applying it to a realistic clastic reservoir with high variance at small scale. We have performed a number of sensitivities comparing conventional local grid refinement (LGR) in the near-wellbore region with that involving NWM, and we obtained a significant increase in the accuracy of reservoir characterization and the calibration of dynamic models. Centimeter-scale models, containing several million cells, representing the fine geological details of the near-wellbore region, were constructed with available data from core and openhole well-log suits. The resulting well models were upscaled into regular grids with the highest resolution possible through the NWM software and incorporated into a field-scale simulation model to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the reservoir with a static-model transient test. Our results show that the use of NWM tools for reservoir modeling yields more precise flow calculations and improves our fundamental understanding of the interactions between the reservoir and the wellbore.
Mitigation of sounding pilot contamination in massive MIMO systems (2014)

In massive multiple-input multiple-out (M-MIMO) systems, conventional sounding schemes may suffer from pilot contamination of cell edge users or a lowered number of serviced users in a multi-cell scenario. In this paper, we propose a partial sounding resource reuse (PSRR) method which aims to seamlessly guarantee the quality of service (QoS) of mobile users by mitigating the pilot contamination as well as minimize the reduction in the number of serviced users. To this end, the PSRR divides each cell area into center and edge areas, and partially reuses sounding resources among users in neighboring edge areas. We use a Markov chain model to analyze the performance of the PSRR. Then we evaluate the accuracy of our analysis through simulations, and show that the PSRR considerably improves QoS performance over the conventional schemes.
W-CDMA reception with a DSP based software radio (2000)

With the increasing number of mobile-phone standards there is a demand for a software-based radio for use in base-stations that can adapt to many standards. This paper discusses how to implement a RAKE receiver in a high performance standard DSP that can search out the multiple paths and combine them to demodulate the received data. To perform a complete search for a mobile within a cell there will typically be 8000 potential radio delay paths of which only a small number (3-6) will actually contain any useful data. However as each path contains 5120 chips of data the correlation exercise necessary to find these paths is a very MIPS intensive task. The paper highlights a number of techniques based on rough data on the mobiles whereabouts from the initial random link and information on the relationship between the samples to perform an intelligent simplified search that will still find the paths. This allows a much smaller subset to be searched initially of 512 delay paths and 1536 chips making the task simple enough for a DSP based RAKE receiver implemented on a single TMS320C62xx with a 100 MHz-search engine and receive data using a 6-finger RAKE receiver at 58 MHz.
[2+2+2] Cycloadditions of Alkynylynamides – A Total Synthesis of Perlolyrine and the First Total Synthesis of “Isoperlolyrine” (2011)

Abstract The total syntheses of the carboline alkaloids perlolyrine and “isoperlolyrine” are reported. Key‐steps of the syntheses are Negishi coupling reactions on alkynylynamides and their metal‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloadditions with nitriles to form the β‐ and γ‐carboline cores. The choice of the catalyst strongly affects the β/γ ratio. Spectroscopic features of the γ‐isomer are distinctly different from those of the naturally occurring isoperlolyrine.
SONOS Device With Tapered Bandgap Nitride Layer (2005)

A unique, band-engineered, configuration of the charge-trapping layer in silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) devices is proposed for high-density Flash memory applications. In this paper, a varying Si-N ratio in modified silicon nitride is obtained by controlling reaction gas flow-rate during deposition. This generates a graded composition profile from Si-rich at the bottom to N-rich at the top in a nitride film. The nonuniform composition profile of the silicon nitride layer corresponds to a tapered bandgap and results in significant improvement in device performance and reliability characteristics including operation window, cycling endurance and data retention. The dramatic improvement can be attributed to increased charge-trapping efficiency of the nitride layer since a significant number of highly accessible trapping levels are created in the tapered bandgap. In addition, the increased barrier height between the nitride and tunnel oxide layers also reduces back-tunneling probability and assists charge trapping. The SONOS device designed in this paper is suitable for next-generation Flash memory applications.
From Paris to Perth: Adopting an Annales perspective on the social history of the Internet in Western Australia (2004)

A new approach may be needed to interpret the history of a new technology, such as the Internet, within a local context. The Annales School, founded in France in 1929, brought a new approach to the study of history in the last century, introducing new methods and sources to the discipline. This paper will consider what this older, modernist perspective can contribute to a postmodern social history of the Internet in Western Australia. Despite apparent differences, it will be argued the integration of Annales style historiography, within a postmodern context, will provide a useful model to explore the history of a new technology, such as the Internet, within a local setting.
Spinothalamic and spinohypothalamic tract neurons in the cervical enlargement of rats. III. Locations of antidromically identified axons in the cervical cord white matter (1994)

1. Fifty-five neurons in the cervical enlargement (C6-C8) of urethan-anesthetized rats were antidromically activated from the contralateral posterior diencephalon. In all cases, antidromic thresholds were < or = 30 microA. The locations of the axons of these neurons within the white matter of segments C2-C6 were determined by tracking systematically using a second antidromic stimulating electrode. 2. The recording locations of 51 neurons were marked and recovered. Twenty neurons were recorded in the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) and 31 were in the deep dorsal horn (DDH). Eighty-three lowest threshold points for antidromic activation within the white matter of segments C2-C6 were determined for these 51 neurons. The mean antidromic threshold at these points was 9.5 +/- 0.5 (SE) microA. For 26 neurons, the lowest threshold point for antidromic activation was determined at one segmental level. We also attempted to determine whether individual axons maintained their position as they ascended through the cervical cord white matter. In 25 cases, lowest threshold points were determined at two or more segmental levels. 3. In segments C5-C6, 88% (7/8) of the lowest threshold points of the examined axons were located in the contralateral ventral funiculus, indicating that the majority of examined axons crossed the midline within one or two segments. 4. In segments C3-C4, 32% (14/44) of all examined axons were found in the dorsal lateral funiculus (DLF) and 66% (29/44) were within the ventral quadrant [ventral lateral funiculus (VLF) and ventral funiculus (VF)]. Sixty-nine percent (11/16) of the axons of neurons recorded in the SDH were located in the contralateral DLF and 31% (5/16) were located in the ventral quadrant (VQ). In contrast, only 11% (3/28) of the axons of neurons recorded in the DDH were located in the contralateral DLF and 86% (24/28) were located in the VQ. Therefore, in segments C3-C4, the locations of axons differed significantly. Those from neurons recorded in the SDH were located primarily in the DLF and those from neurons recorded in the DDH were located principally in the VQ. 5. In segment C2, 74% (23/31) of all examined axons were found in the DLF, 23% (7/31) were in the VQ, and 3% (1/31) were in the dorsal horn. Thus, the percentage of all examined axons in the DLF in C2 was approximately 2.5 times greater than it was in C3-C4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Aminocyclopentadienyl Ruthenium Chloride: Catalytic Racemization and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Alcohols at Ambient Temperature (2002)

Ruthenium–enzyme tandem catalysis: The novel racemization catalyst 1 improves the dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of secondary alcohols dramatically. The DKR proceeds at room temperature with isopropenyl acetate as an acyl donor. In addition, the DKR is faster even with much less lipase than in previous DKRs.