gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth Factor Priming of Synovium-Derived Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering (2011)

This study investigated the potential use of synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) as a cell source for cartilage tissue engineering. Harvested SDSCs from juvenile bovine synovium were expanded in culture in the presence (primed) or absence (unprimed) of growth factors (1 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β(1), 10 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor-ββ, and 5 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor-2) and subsequently seeded into clinically relevant agarose hydrogel scaffolds. Constructs seeded with growth factor-primed SDSCs that received an additional transient application of transforming growth factor-β(3) for the first 21 days (release) exhibited significantly better mechanical and biochemical properties compared to constructs that received sustained growth factor stimulation over the entire culture period (continuous). In particular, the release group exhibited a Young's modulus (267±96 kPa) approaching native immature bovine cartilage levels, with corresponding glycosaminoglycan content (5.19±1.45%ww) similar to native values, within 7 weeks of culture. These findings suggest that SDSCs may serve as a cell source for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
Can touch imprint cytology replace fine needle aspiration within current clinical practice? (2010)

To investigate whether touch imprint cytology (TIC) of needle core biopsy (NCB) is as eff ective as fi ne needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for providing same-day diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions at our one-stop symptomatic breast clinic. Methods We prospectively studied 426 women with image-detected breast lesions who underwent FNAC and NCB with subsequent TIC. All of the FNAC and TIC samples were sent for immediate reporting. These were read by one of fi ve consultant cytopathologists. The TIC results were subsequently compared with the defi nitive histopathology from either the core biopsy or the fi nal surgical specimen. Results Complete data were present for all patients. TIC was compared with FNAC in providing an accurate and defi nitive same-day diagnosis in lesions graded C2 (benign) and C5 (malignant). For FNAC, C2 = 75/426 and C5 = 210/426 allowing 66.8% of women a defi nite same-day diagnosis. For TIC, C2 = 92/426 and C5 = 223/426 allowing 73.8% of women a defi nite same-day diagnosis. There were no false positive results. Conclusions The accuracy of TIC is at least equivalent to FNAC when used as a stand-alone technique for defi nitive same-day diagnosis from a single biopsy. We therefore conclude that FNAC is no longer necessary, thus saving a second invasive procedure.
Annealing process of ion-implantation-induced defects in ZnO: Chemical effect of the ion species (2006)

ZnO single crystals implanted with O+ and B+ ions were studied by positron annihilation and Raman scattering measurements. Positron annihilation results show that vacancy clusters are generated by implantation. For the B+-implanted sample, the vacancy clusters have a sufficient increase in size and evolve into microvoids after annealing up to 500°C. These microvoids need a high temperature of 900–1000°C to be annealed out. However, for the O+-implanted sample, the size of the vacancy clusters shows only a slight increase during annealing process, and they are removed at much lower temperature of 700–800°C. The different annealing process is supposed to be due to the chemical effect of boron impurities. Raman measurements reveal the production of oxygen vacancies by implantation. In the B+-implanted sample they have high thermal stability up to 700°C, while in the O+-implanted sample they are annealed out early at 400°C. It is thus suggested that the boron impurities might form complexes with oxygen interstitials and stabilize oxygen vacancies, which favors the vacancy agglomeration process.
Formation of the Inclusion Complex of Helical Syndiotactic Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (2011)

We found that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as pyrene and phenanthrene can be encapsulated in a syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (st-PMMA) helical cavity, leading to the formation of a crystalline inclusion complex. The inclusion complex of st-PMMA and pyrene (st-PMMA/pyrene) was prepared from the st-PMMA gel formed in a toluene solution of pyrene by drying under vacuum at room temperature for 12 h and at 160 °C for 1 h. The st-PMMA/pyrene inclusion complex containing 19 wt % pyrene showed a characteristic reflection pattern in its X-ray diffractogram and a melting point of 184.4 °C in differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Molecular modeling of the inclusion complex based on the pyrene content indicated that the encapsulated pyrene molecules are closely aligned in the st-PMMA helix. The st-PMMA/pyrene inclusion complex film containing 10 wt % pyrene showed a fluorescence emission because of the formation of a pyrene excimer in the complex, supporting the inference of one-dimensional alignment of the guest molecules in the st-PMMA helical cavity.
A Generic Framework for Context-Aware Routing and its Imple- mentation in Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

As networks become more dynamic, the awareness of the network members ’ current context is of growing importance. This can be said especially for communication networks, but also for other types of networks, e.g. logistic networks. Context-aware routing takes this context information into account when selecting routes in such networks. This paper introduces a novel generic framework for context-aware routing, including the message flow as well as the route decision method. The framework is not limited to a single application domain, but it is a generalized approach that can be adapted and specialized for various application domains. As an example, a wireless sensor network scenario is presented where this routing framework is applied. 1
Mucin synthesis. UDP-GlcNAc:GalNAc-R .beta.3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and UDP-GlcNAc:GlcNAc.beta.1-3GalNAc-R (GlcNAc to GalNAc) .beta.6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase from pig and rat colon mucosa (1985)

Pig and rat colon mucosal membrane preparations catalyze the in vitro transfer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from UDP-GlcNAc to GalNAc-ovine submaxillary mucin to form GlcNAc beta 1-3GalNAc-mucin. Rat colon also catalyzes the in vitro transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to GlcNAc beta 1-3GalNAc-mucin to form GlcNAc beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6) GalNAc-mucin. This is the first demonstration of in vitro synthesis of the GlcNAc beta 1-3GalNAc disaccharide and of the GlcNAc beta 1-3-(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc trisaccharide, two of the four major core types found in mammalian glycoproteins of the mucin type, i.e., those containing oligosaccharides with GalNAc-alpha-serine (threonine) linkages. The activity catalyzing synthesis of the disaccharide has been named UDP-GlcNAc:GalNAc-R beta 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (mucin core 3 beta 3-GlcNAc-transferase), while the activity responsible for synthesizing the trisaccharide has been named UDP-GlcNAc:GlcNAc beta 1-3GalNAc-R (GlcNAc to GalNAc) beta 6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (mucin core 4 beta 6-GlcNAc-transferase). The beta 3-GlcNAc-transferase from pig colon is activated by Triton X-100, has an absolute requirement for Mn2+, and transfers GlcNAc to GalNAc-alpha-phenyl, GalNAc-alpha-benzyl, and GalNAc-ovine submaxillary mucin with apparent Km values of 5, 2, and 3 mM and Vmax values of 59, 62, and 37 nmol h-1 (mg of protein)-1, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SNAIL: a simulation tool for connectionist networks (2003)

SNAIL is a general purpose connectionist network simulator. The simulation system introduces a language for the purpose of defining connectionist networks and running simulations. Trial simulations performed using SNAIL indicate that the resulting simulation tool is simple, flexible and modular. The system is general purpose in that a wide variety of connectionist networks-varying in every detail from network topology to the learning algorithm-can be dealt with easily. SNAIL has been implemented in LispTalk, an object oriented programming system running on top of Lisp.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards Ontology-Based Multiagent Simulations: The Plasma Approach (2010)

In multiagent-based simulation systems the agent programming paradigm is adopted for simulation. This simulation approach offers the promise to facilitate the design and development of complex simulations, both regarding the distinct simulation actors and the simulation environment itself. We introduce the simulation middleware PlaSMA which extends the JADE agent framework with a simulation control that ensures synchronization and provides a world model based on a formal ontological description of the respective application domain. We illustrate the benefits of an ontology grounding for simulation design and discuss further gains to be expected from recent advances in ontology engineering, namely the adaption of foundational ontologies and modelling-patterns.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON N‐TERT.‐BUTYLOXYCARBONYL‐AMINOSAEUREN MITTELS 1,2,4‐TRIAZOL (1973)

Abstract Aus dem Azid (II) erhält man mit N‐Trimethylsilyl‐triazol (I) das tert.‐Butyl‐ Derivat (III), das den tert.‐Butyloxycarbonylrest auf Amine (IV) unter Bildung der Derivate (V), z.B. (VI) und (VII), überträgt.
Expression of Recombinant Human Zona Pellucida Protein 2 and Its Binding Capacity to Spermatozoa (1999)

The human zona pellucida (ZP) is composed of three major glycoproteins: ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of ZP2 by focusing on the polypeptide structure. We produced in Escherichia coli a recombinant human ZP2 protein (rec-hZP2) corresponding to amino acid sequence 1-206 of the mature protein. The final yield of rec-hZP2 protein was 80 microg/ml Luria Broth medium. After 2-h incubation of human spermatozoa with rec-hZP2 in vitro, an immunofluorescent study indicated that rec-hZP2 bound only to acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. The binding site migrated from the acrosome to the midpiece of the spermatozoa. Rabbit and mouse antisera produced against rec-hZP2 stained native human ZP in the immunofluorescent study, and significantly blocked human sperm binding and penetration into human ZP as compared to control values. The N-terminal polypeptide portion of human ZP2 was shown to contain a binding site for acrosome-reacted spermatozoa and to play an important role in secondary sperm binding and penetration into the ZP.
Receiver clock-based integrity monitoring for GPS precision approaches (2006)

The errors in the vertical position and clock bias estimates obtained from GPS pseudo-range measurements are highly correlated. Therefore, the error in a vertical position estimate can be predicted if we know the clock bias estimation error. The latter can be estimated if the clock bias changes smoothly and, therefore, predictably. The current technology appears capable of manufacturing clocks which can meet this smoothness requirement for airborne use within the constraints of size, weight, and cost. We discuss the theoretical basis and present empirical data from laboratory and field experiments with a commercial rubidium standard to explore the benefits of integrity monitoring for precision approaches based on the receiver clock.
Exploiting the Potential of OLED-Based Photo-Organic Sensors for Biotechnological Applications (2016)

Micro- and millilitre-scale sensors have become increasingly important in modern biotechnology. Miniaturization and parallelization are also commonly employed in bio-analytical applications, environmental science and bioprocess engineering. This reduction of dimensions to the micro- and milliliter-scale stems from the demand for new sensor systems that enable non-invasive monitoring of bioprocesses in microfluidic or on-chip devices. Highly sensitive optical (bio-) sensors, with operating principles based on photoluminescence intensity or lifetime detection, hold significant promise for meeting the space-limited conditions within miniaturized biotechnological systems. In this context, the properties and applications of OLED-based organic sensors in biotechnology are discussed. The possibleuse of OLEDs as excitation sources in (analytical) biotechnological applications is also examined.
Task allocation for wide area search munitions with variable path length (2004)

This paper addresses the problem of task allocation for wide area search munitions. The munitions are required to search for, classify, attack, and verify the destruction of potential targets. It is assumed that target field information is communicated between all elements of the swarm. A network flow optimization model is used to develop a linear program for optimal resource allocation. This method can be used to generate a "tour" of several assignments to be performed consecutively, by running the assignment iteratively and only updating the assigned task with the shortest estimated time-of-arrival (ETA) in each iteration. Periodically resolving the overall optimization problem as new targets are discovered results in coordinated action by the search munitions. Variable path lengths are used to improve overall performance and guarantee computation of feasible paths. Simulation results are presented for a swarm of eight vehicles searching an area containing multiple potential targets.
Anti- <i>Candida</i> Activity of Clotrimazole in Combination with Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate and Other Surfactants (1977)

Six anionic and five nonionic surfactants were tested for their effect on the fungistatic action of clotrimazole against Candida albicans. All of the anionic agents that did not contain an ethylene oxide group were capable of potentiating the anti-Candida activity of clotrimazole, whereas all five members of the polyoxyethylene surfactant group, including four nonionic agents and one anionic agent, acted in an antagonistic fashion. The combination of clotrimazole and the anionic surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate was the most potent in synergy and, thus, more precise studies were made with this combination. Although appropriate combinations of the two drugs showed a potent fungicidal activity against proliferating cultures, none of these combinations tested was lethal when cell growth was restricted by nutritional deficiency. The lethal effect of the combined drugs was partly reversed when growing cultures were treated in the presence of an osmotic stabilizer. Whether cells were treated with moderate and higher concentrations of clotrimazole and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, alone or in combination, there was little change in cell wall content of total protein, carbohydrate, or lipid from that in untreated control cells. However, there was a significant decrease in the cell wall content of phospholipid when moderate concentrations of the two drugs were combined.
[Effects of avocado on the level of blood lipids in patients with phenotype II and IV dyslipidemias]. (1996)

To examine the effects of avocado on plasma lipid concentrations a two-diet trial involving 8 phenotype IV and 8 phenotype II dyslipidemia patients was carried out. A diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (DRCA) using the avocado as their major source (30% of the total calories were consumed as fat, 75% of the total fat from the avocado), with restriction of saturated fat and less of 300 mg of cholesterol per day was evaluated. Patients also were in a low-saturated fat diet without avocado (DRSA). The three daily meals were eaten at our clinical unit. Diets were four weeks in duration and they were assigned in a crossover design. In phenotype II both DRCA and DRSA significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. On phenotype IV DRCA produced a mild reduction on triglyceride levels while DRSA increased them. On HDL-cholesterol concentrations DRCA produced a significant increase in both phenotypes while DRSA did it only in phenotype IV. Avocado is an excellent source of monounsaturated fatty acids in diets designed to treat hypercholesterolemia with some advantages over low-fat diets with a greater amount of carbohydrates.
Rates of low density lipoprotein uptake and cholesterol synthesis are regulated independently in the liver. (1985)

The relationship between rates of hepatic sterol synthesis and rates of hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake (clearance) was studied in animals with high (rats), low (female hamsters), and very low (male hamsters) basal rates of hepatic sterol synthesis. In rats and female hamsters, rates of hepatic sterol synthesis were varied over a 110-fold range by feeding cholesterol or cholestyramine; nevertheless, rates of hepatic LDL clearance remained essentially unchanged as did plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations. In contrast, in male hamsters, which have a very limited capacity to synthesize cholesterol in the liver, cholestyramine feeding increased rates of hepatic LDL uptake by 2.5-fold and this was associated with a 50% reduction in plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations. The observed increase in LDL uptake was due to an increase in receptor-dependent LDL transport while receptor-independent lipoprotein uptake remained constant. These studies suggest that rates of hepatic cholesterol synthesis and receptor-dependent LDL uptake are regulated independently. Furthermore, the primary response of the liver to changes in cholesterol availability is regulation of sterol synthesis and only when the capacity of this compensatory mechanism is exceeded is the rate of LDL transport altered.
Gastrointestinal hormones regulating appetite (2006)

The role of gastrointestinal hormones in the regulation of appetite is reviewed. The gastrointestinal tract is the largest endocrine organ in the body. Gut hormones function to optimize the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients by the gut. In this capacity, their local effects on gastrointestinal motility and secretion have been well characterized. By altering the rate at which nutrients are delivered to compartments of the alimentary canal, the control of food intake arguably constitutes another point at which intervention may promote efficient digestion and nutrient uptake. In recent decades, gut hormones have come to occupy a central place in the complex neuroendocrine interactions that underlie the regulation of energy balance. Many gut peptides have been shown to influence energy intake. The most well studied in this regard are cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin and ghrelin. With the exception of ghrelin, these hormones act to increase satiety and decrease food intake. The mechanisms by which gut hormones modify feeding are the subject of ongoing investigation. Local effects such as the inhibition of gastric emptying might contribute to the decrease in energy intake. Activation of mechanoreceptors as a result of gastric distension may inhibit further food intake via neural reflex arcs. Circulating gut hormones have also been shown to act directly on neurons in hypothalamic and brainstem centres of appetite control. The median eminence and area postrema are characterized by a deficiency of the blood-brain barrier. Some investigators argue that this renders neighbouring structures, such as the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in the brainstem, susceptible to influence by circulating factors. Extensive reciprocal connections exist between these areas and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and other energy-regulating centres of the central nervous system. In this way, hormonal signals from the gut may be translated into the subjective sensation of satiety. Moreover, the importance of the brain-gut axis in the control of food intake is reflected in the dual role exhibited by many gut peptides as both hormones and neurotransmitters. Peptides such as CCK and GLP-1 are expressed in neurons projecting both into and out of areas of the central nervous system critical to energy balance. The global increase in the incidence of obesity and the associated burden of morbidity has imparted greater urgency to understanding the processes of appetite control. Appetite regulation offers an integrated model of a brain-gut axis comprising both endocrine and neurological systems. As physiological mediators of satiety, gut hormones offer an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity.
Specificity of a porcine 127‐kd nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase for articular tissues (1996)

The 127-kd NTPPHase appears to be highly specific for articular tissues.
Prediction of Microbial Growth Rate versus Biomass Yield by a Metabolic Network with Kinetic Parameters (2012)

Identifying the factors that determine microbial growth rate under various environmental and genetic conditions is a major challenge of systems biology. While current genome-scale metabolic modeling approaches enable us to successfully predict a variety of metabolic phenotypes, including maximal biomass yield, the prediction of actual growth rate is a long standing goal. This gap stems from strictly relying on data regarding reaction stoichiometry and directionality, without accounting for enzyme kinetic considerations. Here we present a novel metabolic network-based approach, MetabOlic Modeling with ENzyme kineTics (MOMENT), which predicts metabolic flux rate and growth rate by utilizing prior data on enzyme turnover rates and enzyme molecular weights, without requiring measurements of nutrient uptake rates. The method is based on an identified design principle of metabolism in which enzymes catalyzing high flux reactions across different media tend to be more efficient in terms of having higher turnover numbers. Extending upon previous attempts to utilize kinetic data in genome-scale metabolic modeling, our approach takes into account the requirement for specific enzyme concentrations for catalyzing predicted metabolic flux rates, considering isozymes, protein complexes, and multi-functional enzymes. MOMENT is shown to significantly improve the prediction accuracy of various metabolic phenotypes in E. coli, including intracellular flux rates and changes in gene expression levels under different growth rates. Most importantly, MOMENT is shown to predict growth rates of E. coli under a diverse set of media that are correlated with experimental measurements, markedly improving upon existing state-of-the art stoichiometric modeling approaches. These results support the view that a physiological bound on cellular enzyme concentrations is a key factor that determines microbial growth rate.