gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histopathology of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (2003)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases of unknown cause. Clinically, both conditions usually begin gradually, but they can start abruptly and sometimes even present as fulminant disease.The clinical course is characterized by exacerbations and spontaneous or drug-induced remissions. UC primarily affects the mucosa of the large bowel, while CD is a transmural disease that can affect the whole gastrointestinal tract.The various clinical patterns are reflected in the microscopic features observed in biopsies obtained from surgical specimens or during endoscopy. Endoscopic mucosal biopsies will not show all the characteristic features of CD. Review of biopsies, in combination with clinical, laboratory, radiographic and endoscopic observations, is used for the diagnosis of UC and CD and the differentiation from other conditions. Such differentiation is important because a precise diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment.1–3 A correct diagnosis is possible in the large majority of patients; still, in some patients with acute onset or fulminant disease, a precise diagnosis may be difficult to reach, resulting in a temporary diagnosis of indeterminate colitis (IC). Biopsies also allow assessment of disease activity and identification of pre-cancerous lesions and cancer. In clinical practice, often only rectal biopsies are obtained for diagnosis. However, in contrast with UC, the rectum is not always involved in CD and lesions in CD frequently occur in a background of normal mucosa.Therefore it is more appropriate to take multiple endoscopic biopsies in different segments of the colon (and ileum) during the initial work-up of a patient presenting with inflammatory diarrhea or during follow-up and screening for cancer. Multiple biopsies permit an indepth analysis of the distribution of inflammation and are essential for the recognition of dysplasia. It also 255 SECTION 3 CHAPTER
A review of the effect of metals on the thermo-oxidative stability of perfluoropolyalkylether lubricants (2006)

The structural attributes and degradation mechanisms are reviewed for Fomblin Z®, DemnumTM, and Krytox® type perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) fluids both in the presence and absence of metals/alloys. Static and tribological environment effects on fluid degradation mechanisms are discussed. Two solution paths for fluid degradation inhibition are reviewed: the addition of additives to the PFPAE fluid and reducing the reactivity of metals/alloys by the deposition of less reactive coatings to their surface. Continuing research for PFPAE fluids is discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OLIGOMERIC OESTRADIOL ESTERS: A NEW CLASS OF LONG-ACTING OESTROGENS (1976)

Dimeric and trimeric oestradiol derivatives were administered as single subcutaneous injections into ovariectomized rats and the duration of oestrogenic effect was determined by means of daily vaginal smears. It could be shown that these preparations have a very protracted oestrogenic effect, and their threshold dose is considerably higher as compared to monomeric oestradiol diacetate. A dimeric compound containing one free hydroxy group caused a relatively even response in all animals with a linear relationship between the logarithm of dose and the duration of action. The effect was even more protracted when fully esterified dimeric or trimeric oestradiol succinates were used, but occurred in a more scattering manner. The duration of effect of 40 mug of the trimeric compound exceeded that of the equivalent dose of oestradiol undecylate. It is conceivable that the depot-effect of these oestradiol derivatives is due to delayed elimination.
Generalized-log spectral mean normalization for speech recognition (2011)

Most compensation methods for robust speech recognition against noise assume independency between speech, additive and convolutive noise.However, the nonlinear nature distortion caused by noise may introduce correlation between noise and speech.To tackle this issue, we propose generalized-log spectral mean normalization (GLSMN) in which log spectral mean normalization (LSMN) is carried out in the q-logarithmic domain.Experiments on the Aurora-2 database show that GLSMN improved speech recognition accuracies by 20% compared to cepstral mean normalization (CMN) in mel-frequency domain.
Diamond pins utilized as thermal vias for high heat flux spreading in CTE-compatible lids and substrates for semiconductor packaging (2006)

CVD diamond segments inserted into an extremely high thermal conductivity graphite heat spreader within an expansion-matched composite structure are described as a semiconductor packaging material construction. These development materials are evaluated to address high heat flux spreading requirements of on-die hot spots and the need to match differing coefficients of thermal expansion with other packaging components and semiconductor die materials
Iron ores in the Fen central complex, Telemark (S. Norway): petrography, chemical evolution and conditions of equilibrium (1983)

The Fen central complex (Brogger 1921, Saether 1957, Barth & Ramberg 1966) is an early Cam­ brian alkaline intrusive complex, situated 119 km S. W. of Oslo, ca. 20 km W of the late Paleozoic Oslo Rift (Fig. 1). The intrusive rocks range in composition from alkaline lamprophyres ('dam­ tjernite') and rocks of the urthite-ijolite-meltei­ gite association, to calcite carbonatite (sovite), dolomite carbonatite (rauhaugite l) and ankerite­ ferrocarbonatite (rauhaugite Il). They have pen­ etrated Precambrian granitic gneisses, which are fenitized along the western margin of the central complex. Iron ores associated with the carbonatites were worked from the mid-seventeen th century until 1927 (Vogt 1918, Bjorlykke & Svinndal 1960) . Vogt (1918) estimated the production during this period to one million tons of ore, with present reserves of the same order of magnitude. Mining took place at several localities in and around the central complex. The most extensive workings were in the Gruveasen area, dose to the eastem margin of the complex, where operations by the 1920's had reached a leve! 225 m below the sur­ face of lake Norsjo. The Fen iron ores are typically veins, lenses or dyke-like bodies, found within carbonatites or in carbonated gneisses in their immediate surround­ ings. (Saether 1957). They are most frequently associated with rauhaugite Il or metasomatized hematite-dolomite-calcite carbonatite (rodberg) in the central and eastem parts of the complex.
Efficient coding of transitional speech segments in CELP (2003)

Speech coding at low and medium bit rates benefits from the assumption that the speech signal is stationary inside a subframe or even inside consecutive subframes. Speech signals however comprise a considerable amount of transient segments, such as onsets, which are usually difficult to encode with good quality. This paper proposes a method to improve the encoding of transient (sub-)frames by disregarding the adaptive codebook contribution and strengthening the fixed codebook contribution. This can principally be applied to any CELP-like standard speech coder while keeping the same bit rate. The proposed technique has been successfully employed in the ITU-T 4 kbps speech coder candidate commonly proposed by AT&T, Conexant currently Mindspeed, Deutsche Telekom, France Telecom, Matsushita, NTT, and Siemens in November 2001. Simulation results show the improvements achieved by this approach.
Lithium Iron(II) Phospho-olivines Prepared by a Novel Carbothermal Reduction Method (2003)

The electroactive materials and have been synthesized by a novel carbothermal reduction (CTR) method. The transition metal reduction and lithium incorporation processes are each facilitated by the high temperature carbothermal reaction based on the transition. These CTR conditions favor stabilization of the iron as as well as offering some control of the product morphology and conductivity. Electrochemical evaluation of the CTR reveals a lithium insertion plateau around 3.4 V vs. Li together with a specific capacity of over 150 mAh/g. Differential capacity data confirm the two-phase nature of the insertion reactions as well as the outstanding ionic reversibility. Few technical obstacles have been encountered in scaling the CTR process from a laboratory process to that required for pilot production. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
UWB-based localization in large indoor scenarios: optimized placement of anchor nodes (2015)

In this paper, we consider the problem of locating a target node (TN) moving along a corridor in a large industrial environment by means of ultrawide band signaling from fixed anchor nodes (ANs) uniformly positioned at the same height on both sides of the corridor. For a representative geometry of a large indoor (industrial) scenario, we formulate an analytical approach to the optimized placement (in terms of internode distance) of ANs using the criterion of minimizing the average mean square error (MSE) in the time-difference-of-arrival-based estimated positions of the TN. Under the assumption of a fixed variance of the range estimation error, we derive a simple closed-form expression for the optimal inter-AN distance in terms of the corridor width and the height of the ANs. The effectiveness of the analytical approach is confirmed by simulations. We also show that the proposed approach allows the MSE in the TN position estimates to reach the Cramer Rao lower bound.
Virtual Control Storage-curity measures in VM/370 (1979)

An experimental extension to VM/370 provides the virtual machine with a protected, fast-access execution and data domain. New capability in the form of a new instruction, whose meaning is defined by an arbitrary, protected program, is made available to the virtual machine. Protection is provided by basic, existing mechanisms in VM/370, namely virtual storage and virtual device management. Supervisor overhead required to support communication between a user and a server executing in vcs is minimized because the domain switch does not involve a virtual machine (task) switch, and because the interface provided is synchronous. The architecture of vcs is based on the concept of microcode which implements instructions for a machine architecture. When this concept is applied as a means of providing service to multiple users in a virtual machine environment, there are many interesting implications for the structure of the code that implements the service. The intention is to provide a system structure in which service can be provided in a way that avoids unnecessary invocation of function or duplication of function in server code and in the underlying control program.
Cathepsin D gene is controlled by a mixed promoter, and estrogens stimulate only TATA-dependent transcription in breast cancer cells. (1993)

The cathepsin D (cath-D) gene, coding for a ubiquitous lysosomal aspartyl protease, is overexpressed in aggressive human breast cancers, and its transcription is induced by estrogens in hormone-responsive breast cancer cells. We have determined the structure and function of the proximal 5' upstream region of the human cath-D gene from MCF7 cells. We show that the promoter has a compound structure with features of both housekeeping genes (high G+C content and potential transcription factor Sp1 sites) and regulated genes (TATAA sequence). By RNase protection assay, we show that transcription is initiated at five major transcription sites (TSSI to -V) spanning 52 base pairs. In hormone-responsive breast cancer cells, estradiol increased by 6- to 10-fold the level of RNAs initiated at TSSI, which is located about 28 base pairs downstream from the TATA box. The specific regulation by estradiol of transcription starting at site I exclusively was confirmed by primer extension. Moreover, the same estradiol effect was observed in the ZR75-1 cell line and in MDA-MB231 estrogen-resistant breast cancer cells stably transfected with the estrogen receptor. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the TATA box is essential for initiation of cath-D gene transcription at TSSI. In breast cancer biopsy samples, high levels of TATA-dependent transcription were correlated with overexpression of cath-D mRNA. We conclude that cath-D behaves, depending on the conditions, as a housekeeping gene with multiple start sites or as a hormone-regulated gene that can be controlled from its TATA box.
[Components of the extracellular tissue matrix as potential "markers" of connective tissue, cartilage and bone metabolism in diseases of the locomotor system]. (1989)

Inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases are characterized by active degradation of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage, bone and connective tissue. At the same time, specific changes in the neosynthesis of extracellular matrix components are seen. Thus, quantitative measurement of matrix related compounds and their metabolites in body fluids might provide a specific and sensitive tool for evaluating connective tissue involvement in rheumatic joint disease. The different components are linked to and may as such reflect different pathways of the pathological process, e.g.: Serum hyaluronan and serum procollagen type III peptides: fibroblast activation, early and late stage, respectively fibroproliferative tissue reaction. Synovial proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans: degradation of proteoglycans derived from the extracellular matrix of cartilage; degree and activity of articular cartilage destruction. Serum keratan sulphate: proteoglycan metabolism (?). Urinary hydroxy pyridinium crosslinks (pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline): degradation of mature cartilage and bone collagens; cartilage and bone catabolism. Cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical studies have shown that the quantitative measurement of some of these components may be of relevance in monitoring connective tissue disease. Further prospective studies are needed to prove the definite value of extracellular matrix-related components in early diagnosis and follow up of rheumatic joint and bone disease.
OnQ: an authoring tool for dynamic online surveys (2004)

Internet growth and activity has been increasing almost exponentially over the last decade. Today, millions of people all over the world use the Internet for a variety of activities, such as email and instant messaging, shopping, trading stocks, research, and many others. Of these, one of the fastest growing is online surveys. Because of its global reach, the Internet is the perfect medium for conducting surveys. In recent decades surveys have become a widely used tool to measure individuals' opinions, preferences and behavior. A Web-based survey is a very effective way to reach large numbers of people from all over the world compared to paper, in-person, or telephone surveys. A survey authoring tool called OnQ makes the creation and deployment of Web surveys intuitive and efficient, providing tools and features that commercially available survey authoring tools do not. This paper gives an overview of OnQ, provides details about each of its four main components, and describes currently active surveys produced by OnQ. The paper concludes with a summary and a view of plans for the future.
Breve ensaio sobre a implantação do estado luso na "Morada do Ouro": Minas Gerais nas primeiras décadas do século XVIII (2010)

O objetivo do presente texto consiste em esbocar a ideia segundo a qual o processo de implantacao do Estado portugues em Minas Gerais durante a primeira metade do seculo XVIII pode ser mais bem compreendido tendo como suporte teorico nocoes ligadas a tese desenvolvida por Albert Hirshman denominada As paixoes e os Interesses.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promote Lymphangiogenesis in Response to VEGF-C Stimulation or TGF-β1 Inhibition (2011)

Short-term stimulation of ASCs with VEGF-C results in increased expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and Prox-1 in vitro and is associated with a marked increase lymphangiogenic response after in vivo implantation. This lymphangiogenic response is significantly potentiated by blocking TGF-β1 function. Furthermore, stimulation of ASCs with VEGF-C markedly increases cellular proliferation and cellular survival after in vivo implantation and stimulated cells express podoplanin, a lymphangiogenic cell marker.
Decarbonylation and decarboxylation by lithium in hexamethylphosphoramide (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecarbonylation and decarboxylation by lithium in hexamethylphosphoramideGlen A. Russell, V. Malatesta, D. E. Lawson, and R. StegCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 11, 2242–2244Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00405a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00405a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Insight into the Structural and Biological Relevance of the T/R Transition of the N-Terminus of the B-Chain in Human Insulin (2014)

The N-terminus of the B-chain of insulin may adopt two alternative conformations designated as the T- and R-states. Despite the recent structural insight into insulin-insulin receptor (IR) complexes, the physiological relevance of the T/R transition is still unclear. Hence, this study focused on the rational design, synthesis, and characterization of human insulin analogues structurally locked in expected R- or T-states. Sites B3, B5, and B8, capable of affecting the conformation of the N-terminus of the B-chain, were subjects of rational substitutions with amino acids with specific allowed and disallowed dihedral φ and ψ main-chain angles. α-Aminoisobutyric acid was systematically incorporated into positions B3, B5, and B8 for stabilization of the R-state, and N-methylalanine and d-proline amino acids were introduced at position B8 for stabilization of the T-state. IR affinities of the analogues were compared and correlated with their T/R transition ability and analyzed against their crystal and nuclear magnetic resonance structures. Our data revealed that (i) the T-like state is indeed important for the folding efficiency of (pro)insulin, (ii) the R-state is most probably incompatible with an active form of insulin, (iii) the R-state cannot be induced or stabilized by a single substitution at a specific site, and (iv) the B1-B8 segment is capable of folding into a variety of low-affinity T-like states. Therefore, we conclude that the active conformation of the N-terminus of the B-chain must be different from the "classical" T-state and that a substantial flexibility of the B1-B8 segment, where GlyB8 plays a key role, is a crucial prerequisite for an efficient insulin-IR interaction.
Patterning of SiO<inf>2</inf>/Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> electret (2008)

Patterning of electret layers is required for a plurality of technical applications such as micromotors, transducers and energy scavengers, however, the electrets patterned for such devices using photolithography show rapid charge decay in narrow patterned structures. In this work, the technology for SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> electret developed earlier is modified for making its narrow lines, down to 20 mum. The structures show no dependence of charge retention on line width as measured 1 year after fabrication.
Lock-in detection of photoacoustic feedback signal for focusing through scattering media using wave-front shaping (2016)

Wave-front shaping techniques enable focusing and imaging through scattering media. Unfortunately, most approaches require invasive feedback inside or behind the sample, or use of spatial correlations (memory effect) limiting the application to specific types of samples. Recent approaches overcome these limitations by taking advantage of acoustic waves via the photoacoustic (PA) effect or via photon tagging. We present a fully analog signal processing lock-in scheme for PA detection to improve focusing through scattering media and to efficiently extract nonlinear photoacoustic signals towards wave-front optimization. Our implementation improves PA feedback performance in terms of SNR, speed, and resolution.
Synthesis of Copper Nanostructures by Electrodeposition (2008)

Double-pulse potentiostatic technique has been applied to synthesis of copper nanoparticles on glassy carbon from acid copper sulfate solution. Influence of the spatial particle distribution on the particle-size dispersion has been studied using the statistical methods. The analysis of histograms of the distributions of experimental criterion (a ratio of the larger radius to a smaller radius in the nearest neighbor particle pair) on the distances showed that particle-size dispersion is caused by their ordered distribution on the glassy carbon surface. At progressive nucleation and diffusional controlled growth the distances between the nearest neighbor particles, for which experimental criterion deviates from theoretical criterion, obey a geometrical progression with a ratio q=1.41 while at instantaneous nucleation they obey an arithmetical progression with a common difference d=1.3. The derived results showed how particle-size dispersion can be limited and how different copper nanostructures can be synthesized.
Sn<sub>78</sub>Ge<sub>22</sub>@Carbon Core−Shell Nanowires as Fast and High-Capacity Lithium Storage Media (2007)

Branched Sn78Ge22@carbon core-shell nanowires were prepared by thermal annealing of butyl-capped Sn78Ge22 clusters at 600 degrees C in a vacuum. The first discharge and charge capacities are 1250 and 1107 mA h/g, showing a Coulombic efficiency of 88%. Such a one-dimensional core-shell design exploits the benefits of the Sn78Ge22 nanowire to produce an exceptional high rate lithium reactivity (93% Coulombic efficiency at 8C (=6400 mA/g) rate) as well as excellent capacity retention after extended cycles (capacity retention of 94%).