gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenosine and Kidney Function: Potential Implications in Patients with Heart Failure (2008)

Therapy of heart failure is more difficult when renal function is impaired. Here, we outline the effects on kidney function of the autacoid, adenosine, which forms the basis for adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)R) antagonists as treatment for decompensated heart failure. A(1)R antagonists induce a eukaliuretic natriuresis and diuresis by blocking A(1)R-mediated NaCl reabsorption in the proximal tubule and the collecting duct. Normally, suppressing proximal reabsorption will lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism (TGF). But the TGF response, itself, is mediated by A(1)R in the preglomerular arteriole, so blocking A(1)R allows natriuresis to proceed while GFR remains constant or increases. The influence of A(1)R over vascular resistance in the kidney is augmented by angiotensin II while A(1)R activation directly suppresses renin secretion. These interactions could modulate the overall impact of A(1)R blockade on kidney function in patients taking angiotensin II blockers. A(1)R blockers may increase the energy utilized for transport in the semi-hypoxic medullary thick ascending limb, an effect that could be prevented with loop diuretics. Finally, while the vasodilatory effect of A(1)R blockade could protect against renal ischaemia, A(1)R blockade may act on non-resident cells to exacerbate reperfusion injury, where ischaemia to occur. Despite these uncertainties, the available data on A(1)R antagonist therapy in patients with decompensated heart failure are promising and warrant confirmation in further studies.
The G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Is a Microtubule-associated Protein Kinase That Phosphorylates Tubulin (1998)

The G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates and desensitizes agonist-occupied G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we demonstrate that GRK2 is a microtubule-associated protein and identify tubulin as a novel GRK2 substrate. GRK2 is associated with microtubules purified from bovine brain, forms a complex with tubulin in cell extracts, and colocalizes with tubulin in living cells. Furthermore, an endogenous tubulin kinase activity that copurifies with microtubules has properties similar to GRK2 and is inhibited by anti-GRK2 monoclonal antibodies. Indeed, GRK2 phosphorylates tubulin in vitro with kinetic parameters very similar to those for phosphorylation of the agonist-occupied beta2-adrenergic receptor, suggesting a functionally relevant role for this phosphorylation event. In a cellular environment, agonist occupancy of GPCRs, which leads to recruitment of GRK2 to the plasma membrane and its subsequent activation, promotes GRK2-tubulin complex formation and tubulin phosphorylation. These findings suggest a novel role for GRK2 as a GPCR signal transducer mediating the effects of GPCR activation on the cytoskeleton.
Cryosurgery of respiratory structures. II. Cryonecrosis of the lung (1974)

Abstract This study was undertaken in dogs and monkeys to assess the sequelae of cryosurgery of the lung. In seven animals, a cryoprobe was repeatedly applied to the entire right middle lobe. In no instance was the probe inserted through the pleura into pulmonary parenchyma, but the pulmonary parenchyma was firmly compressed beneath the probe tip during freezing. This permitted through‐and‐through freezing of the entire right middle lobe and ensured complete cryonecrosis of the entire lobe. In three animals, a portion of the right lower lobe was also frozen by repeatedly applying the probe tip to the midportion of that lobe. All animals survived the procedures, and all resumed normal activity within 24 hours of operation. There were no pleural space complications except for the production of pleural adhesions. All lesions had the features of an acute hemorrhagic infarct, characterized by intense local hemorrhage and complete coagulation necrosis, typical of cryolesions. Subsequently, there was total collapse and fibrosis of underlying pulmonary tissue with areas of hemorrhagic necrosis, hemosiderin in macrocytes, focal calcification, and hyalinization. Serum lactic dehydrogenase values and leukocyte counts promptly increased after cryosurgery; however, all values returned to normal within 14 days, and no significant changes were noted thereafter. Thoracic roentgenograms showed changes consistent with consolidation of the right middle lobe, and by seven weeks, the only roentgeno‐graphic evidence of the cryotreated middle lobe was a small density in the hilus. Histologically, this was a small mass of scarified tissue that sealed the bronchial stump and major vessels at the hilus and consisted of organized fibrosis.
PI-RADS Version 2: A Pictorial Update (2016)

The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) is the result of an extensive international collaborative effort. PI-RADS provides a comprehensive yet practical set of guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging that will promote the use of this modality for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer. The revised PI-RADS version (PI-RADS version 2) introduces important changes to the original system used for assessing the level of suspicion for clinically significant cancer with multiparametric MR imaging. For peripheral zone abnormalities in PI-RADS version 2, the score obtained from the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in combination with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) performed with high b values (≥1400 sec/mm(2)) is the dominant parameter for determining the overall level of suspicion for clinically significant cancer. For transition zone abnormalities, the score obtained from T2-weighted MR imaging is dominant for overall lesion assessment. Dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging has ancillary roles in the characterization of peripheral zone lesions considered equivocal for clinically significant cancer on the basis of the DWI-ADC combination and in the detection of lesions missed with other multiparametric MR pulse sequences. Assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging is also simplified, being considered positive or negative on the basis of qualitative evaluation for a focal area of rapid enhancement matching an abnormality on DWI-ADC or T2-weighted MR images. In PI-RADS version 2, MR spectroscopic imaging is not incorporated into lesion assessment. In this article, a pictorial overview is provided of the revised PI-RADS version 2 assessment categories for the likelihood of clinically significant cancer. PI-RADS version 2 is expected to evolve with time, with updated versions being released as experience in the use of PI-RADS version 2 increases and as new scientific evidence and technologies emerge. (©)RSNA, 2016.
Materials for optical limiting : symposium held November 28-November 30, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (1995)

The advent of lasers has made possible a number of optical-based systems and applications such as the compact disc (CD), laser printers, fiber optic communications, laser surgical instruments, etc. Unfortunately, while lasers permit these diverse applications, safety concerns must be addressed. A solution being pursued is the development of optical limiter materials that transmit at low intensities while changing their optical characteristics, e.g. absorption or index of refraction, when exposed to the laser's higher irradiances. Topics covered in this book relate directly to the computational design and synthesis of new optical molecules. Research on the design of limiter devices is also featured. Materials addressed include liquid crystals, organic polymers, organic dyes, C60, colloidal arrays and suspensions, transition metal oxides, semiconductors and photorefractive oxides. Topics include: modelling and solid state optical limiters; thin film and solid state optical limiters; saturable and reverse-saturable absorbers; liquid optical limiters and liquid crystalline and other optical limiters.
De novo synthesis of a polymer of deoxyadenylate and deoxythymidylate by calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha. (1975)

In a reaction mixture containing calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha (DNA nucleotidyltransferase; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.7), calf thymus DNA unwinding protein, DNA, deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate and deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate, a copolymer of deoxyadenylate and deoxythymidylate is synthesized after a lag period of 1-2 hr. In the presence of the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates only deoxyadenylate and deoxythymidylate are incorporated into the polymer and the rate of synthesis is decreased. The reaction variably occurs in the absence of DNA or DNA unwinding protein but with a greatly entended lag period. The optimal Mg2+ concentration for synthesis of the polymer of deoxyadenylate and deoxythymidylate is 1 mM, in contrast to an optimal Mg2+ concentration of 8 mM for DNA synthesis with activated DNA as template. Characterization of the product of de novo synthesis indicates that it is the alternating copolymer, poly(dA-dT).
TWO Stroke Engines - The Lotus Approach (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The recent interest in two-stroke engines for automotive use has produced powerplants of such divergence that as yet, no clear outlook on a likely design is evident. The only common similarity between all the published engines is direct fuel injection. Whilst this is undoubtedly necessary, the effects of exhaust and scavenging systems play a significant role in the overall performance of the engine.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper initially describes a valve mechanism providing infinitely variable control of the exhaust port opening point, together with the ability to effectively close the exhaust port at the end of the scavenge period. Such a valve has been tested in a single cylinder, 400 cc loop scavenged engine giving encouraging results.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The concept of a rotary inlet valve, situated in the cylinder head is also discussed with a view to achieving uniflow scavenging.</div>
Interconnect capacitance characterization based on charge based capacitance measurement (CBCM) technique for DFM applications (2008)

Interconnection parasitic capacitance is the dominant delay and noise source in modern integrated circuits. This paper presents a test structure and a characterization method based on charge based capacitance measurement technique. The method could be implemented to study the variability of physical parameters such as interlayer dielectric (ILD) thickness and interconnect drawn width reduction, which can in turn be used in process/device modeling for design-for-manufacturing applications.
Expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor activated by retinal Müller cells in eyes with NMDA- and kainic acid-induced neuronal death. (2000)

These studies revealed the upregulated expression of CNTF and GFAP in Muller cells in response to NMDA- and KA-induced neuronal death, suggesting that production of CNTF in Muller cells may be a part of the endogenous neuroprotective system in the retina.
The Use of Cyclic Phosphazene Additives to Enhance the Performance of the Head/Disk Interface | NIST (1999)

Phase separation of phosphazene additives in PFPAE lubricants is investigated as a function of additive concentration and lubricant-layer thickness. The tribological behavior of various phosphazene additive/lubricant mixtures is evaluated using start/stop and constant-speed drag testing. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) is applied to investigate the presence of unsaturated carbon bonds at interfaces lubricated with Z-DOLG and Z-DOL/additives mixtures.
NLRP9B protein is dispensable for oocyte maturation and early embryonic development in the mouse (2015)

Nlrp9a, Nlrp9b and Nlrp9c are preferentially expressed in oocytes and early embryos in the mouse. Simultaneous genetic ablation of Nlrp9a and Nlrp9c does not affect early embryonic development, but the function of Nlrp9b in the process of oocyte maturation and embryonic development has not been elucidated. Here we show that both Nlrp9b mRNA and its protein are expressed in ovaries and the small intestine. Moreover, the NLRP9B protein was restricted to oocytes in the ovary and declined with oocyte aging. After ovulation and fertilization, NLRP9B protein was found in preimplantation embryos. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that it was mainly localized in the cytoplasm in the oocytes and blastomeres. Thus, this protein might play a role in oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. However, knockdown of Nlrp9b expression in GV-stage oocytes using RNA interference did not affect oocyte maturation or subsequent parthenogenetic development after Nlrp9b-deficient oocytes were activated. Furthermore, Nlrp9b knockdown zygotes could reach the blastocyst stage after being cultured for 3.5 days in vitro. These results provide the first evidence that the NLRP9B protein is dispensable for oocyte maturation and early embryonic development in the mouse.
On Topology Reconfiguration for Defect-Tolerant NoC-Based Homogeneous Manycore Systems (2009)

Homogeneous manycore systems are emerging for tera-scale computation and typically utilize Network-on-Chip (NoC) as the communication scheme between embedded cores. Effective defect tolerance techniques are essential to improve the yield of such complex integrated circuits. We propose to achieve fault tolerance by employing redundancy at the core-level instead of at the microarchitecture level. When faulty cores exist on-chip in this architecture, however, the physical topologies of various manufactured chips can be significantly different. How to reconfigure the system with the most effective NoC topology is a relevant research problem. In this paper, we first show that this problem is an instance of a well known NP-complete problem. We then present novel solutions for the above problem, which not only maximize the performance of the on-chip communication scheme, but also provide a unified topology to Operating System and application software running on the processor. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Enhancing the Security of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) using Iris/Finger-based Multimodal Biometrics (2006)

Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is a term used for a wide range of technologies incorporated into traditional transportation infrastructure and vehicles, these include communication and information technologies such as traffic cameras, ramp meters, variable message signs (VMS), traffic control centers (TCC), accident avoidance technologies, incident management and more, that promises to maximize transportation safety and efficiency. Due to the complex architecture of ITS and its subsystems, the security and safety of ITS to operate efficiently is becoming an emerging issue. Slight error or deliberate changes to the one of the components of ITS may disrupt the whole system and may create dangerous roadway conditions. For these reasons, the conventional password protection techniques used in ITS control systems must be converted into more secure biometric systems. In this paper we present multimodal iris/fingerprint biometric system and its application in ITS. The performance evaluation model is presented to check the efficiency of the system
CATEGORY LEVEL OBJECT SEGMENTATION - Learning to Segment Objects with Latent Aspect Models (2007)

International audience
Regulation of catabolism of microinjected ribonuclease A requires the amino-terminal 20 amino acids. (1983)

RNase A introduced into the cytoplasm of IMR-90 human diploid fibroblasts by erythrocyte-mediated microinjection is degraded with a half-life of approximately equal to 75 hr in the presence of fetal bovine serum. In response to serum deprivation the degradative rate of microinjected RNase A is enhanced 2-fold. RNase S protein (amino acids 21-124) is degraded with a half-life similar to that of RNase A in the presence of serum, but its catabolism is not increased during serum withdrawal. Reconstitution of RNase S protein with RNase S peptide (amino acids 1-20) restored full enzymatic activity to the S protein as well as the ability of fibroblasts to increase its catabolism during serum deprivation. Finally, RNase S peptide microinjected alone shows the full 2-fold increase in degradative rate during serum withdrawal. These results show that recognition of RNase A for enhanced breakdown during serum deprivation is based on some feature of its amino-terminal 20 amino acids. Furthermore, our results indicate that the enhanced protein catabolism during serum deprivation can be highly selective.
Human Cell Culture Protocols (2011)

Human cell culture is not a new topic, but the development of new molecular techniques and reagents which can be used to investigate cell function and the responsible intracellular mechanisms make it
Theoretical Study of X−H Bond Energetics (X = C, N, O, S):  Application to Substituent Effects, Gas Phase Acidities, and Redox Potentials (1999)

Bond dissociation energies, electron affinities, and proton affinities are computed for a variety of molecules containing C−H, N−H, O−H, and S−H bonds using density functional theory with the B3LYP functional. Thermochemistry in which these bonds are broken or ions are formed is particularly relevant to understanding proton transfer (acid−base), electron transfer (redox), and H-atom transfer (free radical) reactions. A series of basis set experiments has led to an optimum compromise between computational speed and accuracy. Several theoretical models are defined and tested, and the medium and higher-level models approach an accuracy of 1 kcal/mol. Use of the above methodology to obtain absolute bond dissociation energies for X−H bonds, isodesmic reaction schemes, substituent effects, redox potentials, and gas-phase acid dissociation constants shows the usefulness of this approach.
Interaction of Feedback Control and Product Inhibition in the Activation of Factor X by Factors IXa and VIII (1991)

A simple numerical model of the activation of factor X by factors IXa and VIII has been constructed in order to identify and examine the major controls that operate in a nonflowing system in the presence of (1) inhibitors of factor Xa and (2) feedback activation of factor VIII by factor Xa. The model confirms, and allows parameter estimation for, (1) the control of factor Xa yield by factor VIIIa decay; (2) the control of generation-curve area by the rate of factor Xa inhibition; and (3) the reduction in the factor VIIIa decay rate in the presence of factor IXa. Beyond confirmation of existing data, the model also predicts that below a definite, but very low, threshold level of factor IXa (less than or equal to 10 pM), minimal feedback activation of factor VIII will occur. The concentration of factor IXa at which the threshold is observed in simulations is dependent on the rate of inhibition of factor Xa.
The C‐terminus of apoptin represents a unique tumor cell‐enhanced nuclear targeting module (2008)

Chicken anemia virus viral protein 3 (VP3 or apoptin) localizes more efficiently in the nucleus of transformed than nontransformed cells. Although previous studies implicate the C-terminus of apoptin as being responsible, the molecular basis is controversial, and the extent to which altered nuclear transport efficiency in tumor cells may influence VP3 differential targeting unclear. Here we establish that the C-terminus of VP3 (residues 74-121), out of the context of the full-length protein, is indeed sufficient for tumor cell-enhanced nuclear targeting through phosphoinhibition of VP3 (74-121)-mediated nuclear export occurring exclusively in tumor cells. Importantly, we show that VP3 (74-121) is unique in showing tumor cell-enhanced nuclear targeting in that other NLS-containing proteins fail to show differential localization in human osteosarcoma cells compared to their normal isogenic counterparts. Thus, the C-terminus of VP3 represents a unique tumor cell-enhanced nuclear targeting module with potential application in tumor cell-specific drug delivery.
Present and accounted for: Measuring attendance in out‐of‐school‐time programs (2005)

Evidence is emerging that youth who attend out-of-school-time (OST) programs more frequently and for longer periods of time benefit more than youth who attend less frequently or do not attend at all. It is also increasingly clear that children and youth will not reap the benefits of programs if they do not attend regularly. Collecting attendance data can help program leaders gauge demand for services, plan and manage programs effectively, and evaluate participant outcomes in relation to attendance. This chapter presents these and other reasons for collecting attendance data, as well as the methods and techniques that program leaders and researchers have at their disposal for measuring attendance. It describes four indicators of attendance--absolute attendance, intensity, duration, and breadth--that can provide detailed information and insight about youth participants and their use of programs. The chapter also provides tips for collecting attendance data and features examples from OST programs. Throughout, the chapter illustrates that the right indicators and data collection methods depend on program needs, characteristics, and goals.
N-multipath performance of GPS receivers (2002)

A wide majority of studies on the effect of multipath focused on the analysis of the code and phase tracking errors when only two rays enter the tracking loops, namely the direct ray plus one diffracted ray. Unfortunately, this condition does not correspond to the most frequent situations, where the received signal can be the discrete sum of several powerful replicas of the direct signal. The aim of this paper is to present the theoretical results of a study that identifies the performance of the GPS receivers in the case where more than two powerful rays enter the tracking loops. The theoretical analysis assuming a triangular autocorrelation function with an infinite receiver bandwidth shows that in the case of continuous tracking, if the summed amplitudes of the reflected signals is lower than the amplitude of the direct signal, the code error envelope of the composite signal can be approximated as the sum of the code error envelope for each individual ray, except in its transition zones. The deviation with respect to the linear superposition assumption is negligible in the ideal case of a triangular autocorrelation function with an infinite receiver bandwidth for the narrow correlator DLLs and the DLLs controlled by linear combinations of correlator outputs. As the receiver bandwidth decreases, the nonlinear effects become more important and the deviation is increased. These results are confirmed by experiments on real receivers.