gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phase I study of [<sup>225</sup>Ac]-FPI-1434 radioimmunotherapy in patients with IGF-1R expressing solid tumors. (2019)

TPS3152 Background: Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) is a transmembrane protein which is overexpressed in solid tumors including non–small cell lung, prostate, and breast cancers. [ 225 Ac]-FPI-1434 is a radioimmunoconjugate consisting of a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the external domain of IGF-1R, a proprietary bifunctional chelate, and an alpha-emitting radionuclide actinium-225 (Ac-225), which binds to the external domain of IGF-1R. Internalization of the conjugate and decay of Ac-225 causes tumor cell death primarily through double stranded DNA breaks. The indium-111 analog, [ 111 In]-FPI-1547, with the identical antibody and bifunctional chelate is used for patient selection, in-vivo imaging, and quantification of IGF-1R targets prior to therapy. Based on anti-tumor activity of [ 225 Ac]-FPI-1434 in preclinical models, favorable toxicology studies in cynomolgus monkeys, and prior human experience with the unconjugated antibody, the first in human clinical evaluation was initiated. Methods: This open-label multi-center phase I study (NCT03746431) follows a modified 3+3 dose-escalation design to characterize the safety profile, determine a maximum tolerated dose (MTD), evaluate dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), describe pharmacokinetics, derive radiation dose estimates to normal organs, and evaluate the objective response rate of [ 225 Ac]-FPI-1434 therapy in patients with IGF-1R expressing solid tumors. Eligibility requirements for therapy include: presence of at least one measurable lesion as determined by sufficient tumor uptake using SPECT/CT of an imaging analog [ 111 In]-FPI-1547; radiation dose estimates of the planned therapeutic activity within prespecified limits; and adequate bone marrow reserves, hepatic, and renal function. Dose cohorts begin with 10 kBq [ 225 Ac]-FPI-1434 per kilogram (kg) patient weight and successively increase to 20, 40, 80, and 120 kBq/kg as a single intravenous injection per patient followed by an 8-week DLT evaluation period. This trial is currently enrolling patients. Clinical trial information: NCT03746431.
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1α: A Key Mediator of the Effect of Bile Acids on Gene Expression (2003)

Bile acids regulate the expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. They are ligands of the farnesoid X receptor, which induces small heterodimer partner (SHP)-1, a transcriptional repressor of bile acid synthetic enzymes. In cholestatic liver disease, hepatic bile acid concentrations are elevated and expression of the major Na+-independent bile acid uptake system, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)-C (solute carrier gene family SLC21A6), is markedly decreased. Because the OATP-C gene is transcriptionally dependent on the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 1 alpha, we hypothesized that bile acids decrease OATP-C expression through direct repression of HNF1 alpha. To test this hypothesis, we studied the regulation of the human HNF1 alpha gene by bile acids. HNF1 alpha expression in cultured hepatoma cells was decreased approximately 50% after 12 hours' exposure to 100 micromol/L chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). Characterization of the human HNF1 alpha gene promoter identified a consensus bile acid response element that binds and is activated by HNF4 alpha. Mutagenesis of the HNF4 alpha site abolished baseline HNF1 alpha promoter activity. The central mechanism by which bile acids repress HNF1 alpha is decreased activation by HNF4 alpha. SHP directly inhibits HNF4 alpha-mediated transactivation of the HNF1 alpha promoter in cotransfection assays. In addition, HNF4 alpha nuclear binding activity is decreased by CDCA and the human HNF4 alpha gene promoter is repressed by CDCA through an SHP-independent mechanism. In conclusion, we show that repression of HNF1 alpha is an important new mechanism by which bile acids regulate the expression of HNF1 alpha-dependent genes in man. This explains the suppressive effect of bile acids on the OATP-C gene promoter, leading to decreased expression in cholestatic liver disease.
Control of the formation of rod-like ZnO mesocrystals and their photocatalytic properties (2012)

Mesocrystals usually assume properties differing from that of nanocrystals with the same compositions due to their unique morphologies and size region. In the work, a simple wet chemical procedure was developed for the preparation of mesocrystals consisting of ZnO nanoparticles. By simply mixing the aqueous solutions of zinc acetate [Zn(Ac)2], sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and tartaric acid (TA) at certain temperatures, composites of zinc hydroxide nanoparticles and tartaric acid, Zn(OH)2–TA, with rod-like morphology were obtained. After being annealed in air at certain temperatures, the mesocrystals composed of ZnO nanoparticles were generated, which inherited the rod-like morphology of the Zn(OH)2–TA composites. The chemical composition, crystalline structure and morphology of as-prepared ZnO mesocrystals were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, FT-IR, and thermogravimetric analysis. Their photocatalytic properties were also investigated. It was illustrated that, in comparison with the individual ZnO nanoparticles, the ZnO mesocrystals show decent photocatalytic performance to the photodegradation of methyl orange and the photoreduction of Cr6+.
Nonlinear Vibration of Liquid Droplet by Surface Acoustic Wave Excitation (2002)

Vibration of a liquid droplet is easily controlled by the Rayleigh surface acoustic wave (SAW). In the vibration of a liquid droplet, two cases are considered: free vibration and forced vibration when it is excited without and with SAW excitation, respectively. For the free vibration, the theoretical and experimental results have already been reported. In the forced vibration, when input excitation was increased, we had determined experimentally that vibration of a liquid droplet shows two nonlinear phenomena. One is, with the increase in SAW input voltage, resonance frequency decreases and vibration amplitude exhibits jump phenomenon. The other, in addition to the fundamental frequency, second and third harmonics, and 1/2 and 3/2 subharmonics are observed. In this report, we explain the two nonlinear phenomena qualitatively using the Duffing equation including the term of a nonlinear spring.
TEST CONSTRUCTION—A TECHNIQUE FOR PRODUCING AND VERIFYING A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION OF ITEMS (1968)

S ummary . Suggestions are offered for facilitating the standardization and interpretation of test scores. By using a table for transformating percentiles into equivalent normalized standard scores it is possible to apply a simple approximate test for a normal distribution. If the graph showing the relation of the raw scores to the normalized standard score is a straight line, then the raw scores are themselves normally distributed. The same table enables the order of difficulty of test items to be more precisely described so that a selection of items can be made which will produce a normal distribution of scores in the final form of the test.
IV. The Bakerian Lecture: on some new electro-chemical phenomena (1814)

Abstract It has been ascertained by Sir H. Davy, that when compound bodies capable of transmitting electricity are submitted to the operation of the Voltaic pile, their proximate and ultimate elements are separated with uniform phenomena; that acids are attracted towards the positively electrified surface, and that alkaline and inflammable substances take an opposite direction and collect at the negative pole. Of the ultimate chemical elements of bodies, the greater number exhibit the last mentioned character, and a few only appear to be attracted towards the positive extremity of the Voltaic instrument; and as bodies possessed of dissimilar electrical powers attract each other, it has been concluded, that the inherent electrical state of the former is positive, that of the latter negative.
In Vivo Immunomanipulation of Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells with a Synthetic Phosphoantigen in a Preclinical Nonhuman Primate Model (2005)

Vgamma9Vdelta2(+) cells represent the major population of gammadelta T cells in primate blood and react in an MHC-unrestricted fashion to a set of low m.w. nonpeptide phosphoantigens. Two types of structurally related agonists have been discovered so far: the natural phosphoantigens (hydroxydimethyl allyl-pyrophosphate or isopentenyl-pyrophosphate (IPP)) acting directly on Vgamma9Vdelta2(+) TCR and aminobisphosphonates, which block the mevalonate pathway in target cells, leading to accumulation of natural phosphoantigens that in turn activate Vgamma9Vdelta2(+) cells. We demonstrate in the cynomolgus monkey that Vgamma9Vdelta2 can be manipulated in vivo with bromohydrin pyrophosphate (BrHPP)/Phosphostim, a potent synthetic agonist for which the mechanism of action is similar to natural phosphoantigens. Although of very short half-life, injection of BrHPP leads to strong activation of Vgamma9Vdelta2, inducing production of a high level of Th1 cytokines. Combination of BrHPP with low-dose rhIL-2 induces specific amplification of effector-memory peripheral Vgamma9Vdelta2 in blood in a dose-dependant manner. This transient response returns to baseline within 10-15 days. Successive infusions of BrHPP and rhIL-2 induce less vigorous expansions, suggesting a progressive exhaustion of the response. As no toxicity is detected with or without IL-2, this scheme represents a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for induction of systemic Th1 cytokines and massive expansion of gammadelta T cell subset with antitumor and anti-infectious properties.
A monolithically integrated HEMT-HBT low noise high linearity variable gain amplifier (1996)

We report on a 1-6 GHz HEMT-HBT three-stage variable gain amplifier (VGA), which is realized using selective molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The VGA integrates an HEMT low noise amplifier with an HBT analog current-steer variable gain cell and output driver stage to achieve a combination of low noise figure, wide gain control, and high linearity. The HEMT-HBT VGA MMIC obtains a maximum gain of 21 dB with a gain control range >30 dB, a minimum noise figure of 4.3 dB, and an input IP3 (IIP3) greater than -4 dBm over 25 dB of gain central range. By integrating an HEMT instead of on HBT preamplifier stage, the VGA noise figure is improved by as much as 2 dB compared to an all-HBT single-technology design. The HEMT-HBT MMIC demonstrates the functional utility and RF performance advantage of monolithically integrating both HEMT and HBT devices on a single substrate.
Polymer esters and their synergy with ZDDP – the possibility of reducing ZDDP content in lubricants (1995)

Abstract In recent years, environmental awareness and legislation have enforced ever greater controls on the emissions of motor vehicles. To meet those requirements, the increased use of exhaust port catalysts is almost inevitable. However, there are concerns that lubricant‐derived phosphorus compounds could in the long term be detrimental to those catalysts and make it necessary to reduce the W D P level in the lubricating oils. Laboratory bench tests and engine rig tests show that a significant reduction of the level of ZDDP may be possible in the presence of a special class of polymer esters without reducing the wear performance of the engine oils.
Undifferentiated malignant neoplasms of the sinonasal tract. (2009)

A variety of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms occur in the sinonasal tract with overlapping clinical and pathologic findings. In limited biopsy material, differentiation of these tumor types can be challenging. The pathologist plays a primary role in establishing the correct diagnosis, which often necessitates the use of adjunct studies that allow for differentiating among these neoplasms.
An efficient channel estimation method for OFDM systems with multiple transmit antennas (2002)

For the sake of bandwidth efficiency, one preamble pilot OFDM symbol is preferable for channel estimation of an OFDM system with two transmit antennas; a transform-domain processing method of channel estimation is proposed in this paper, which is equivalent to interpolation in the frequency domain. And a simple time-domain noise-suppression method is utilized to improve the accuracy of the channel estimation. Theoretic analysis and simulation results validate the accuracy of the channel estimation method proposed in this paper.
Role of Vasopressin Antagonists (2008)

Alterations in intracellular calcium homeostasis and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-phosphate likely underlie the increased cell proliferation and fluid secretion in polycystic kidney disease. Hormone receptors that affect cyclic adenosine 3',5'-phosphate and are preferentially expressed in affected tissues are logical treatment targets. There is a sound rationale for considering the arginine vasopressin V2 receptor as a target. The arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists OPC-31260 and tolvaptan inhibit the development of polycystic kidney disease in cpk mice and in three animal orthologs to human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (PCK rat), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (Pkd2-/WS25 mice), and nephronophthisis(pcy mouse). PCK rats that are homozygous for an arginine vasopressin mutation and lack circulating vasopressin are markedly protected. Administration of V2 receptor agonist 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin to these animals completely recovers the cystic phenotype. Administration of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin to PCK rats with normal arginine vasopressin aggravates the disease. Suppression of arginine vasopressin release by high water intake is protective. V2 receptor antagonists may have additional beneficial effects on hypertension and chronic kidney disease progression. A number of clinical studies in polycystic kidney disease have been performed or are currently active. The results of phase 2 and 2-3 studies indicate that tolvaptan seems to be safe and well tolerated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. A phase 3,placebo-controlled, double-blind study in 18- to 50-yr-old patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and preserved renal function but relatively rapid progression, as indicated by a total kidney volume >750 ml, has been initiated.
Cellulase Adsorption and an Evaluation of Enzyme Recycle During Hydrolysis of Steam-Exploded Softwood Residues (2002)

The sugar yield and enzyme adsorption profile obtained during the hydrolysis of SO2-catalyzed steam-exploded Douglas-fir and posttreated steam-exploded Douglas-fir substrates were determined. After hot alkali peroxide posttreatment, the rates and yield of hydrolysis attained from the posttreated Douglas-fir were significantly higher, even at lower enzyme loadings, than those obtained with the corresponding steam-exploded Douglas-fir. The enzymatic adsorption profiles observed during hydrolysis of the two substrates were significantly different. Ultrafiltration was employed to recover enzyme in solution (supernatant) and reused in subsequent hydrolysis reactions with added, fresh substrate. These recycle findings suggested that the enzyme remained relatively active for three rounds of recycle. It is likely that enzyme recovery and reuse during the hydrolysis of posttreated softwood substrates could lead to reductions in the need for the addition of fresh enzyme during softwood-based bioconversion processes.
Fitting parameterized three-dimensional models to images (1991)

Model-based recognition and motion tracking depend upon the ability to solve for projection and model parameters that will best fit a 3-D model to matching 2-D image features. The author extends current methods of parameter solving to handle objects with arbitrary curved surfaces and with any number of internal parameters representing articulation, variable dimensions, or surface deformations. Numerical stabilization methods are developed that take account of inherent inaccuracies in the image measurements and allow useful solutions to be determined even when there are fewer matches than unknown parameters. The Levenberg-Marquardt method is used to always ensure convergence of the solution. These techniques allow model-based vision to be used for a much wider class of problems than was possible with previous methods. Their application is demonstrated for tracking the motion of curved, parameterized objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Integration of multiple DICOM Web servers into an enterprise-wide Web-based electronic medical record</title> (1999)

The purpose of this paper is to integrate multiple DICOM image webservers into the currently existing enterprises- wide web-browsable electronic medical record. Over the last six years the University of Washington has created a clinical data repository combining in a distributed relational database information from multiple departmental databases (MIND). A character cell-based view of this data called the Mini Medical Record (MMR) has been available for four years, MINDscape, unlike the text-based MMR. provides a platform independent, dynamic, web browser view of the MIND database that can be easily linked with medical knowledge resources on the network, like PubMed and the Federated Drug Reference. There are over 10,000 MINDscape user accounts at the University of Washington Academic Medical Centers. The weekday average number of hits to MINDscape is 35,302 and weekday average number of individual users is 1252. DICOM images from multiple webservers are now being viewed through the MINDscape electronic medical record.
Circuit techniques using stacked MOS transistors (2002)

The characteristics of the stacked MOS transistor is analyzed. Circuit design techniques based upon this device are proposed. One application is to use the stacked transistor to build a high dc gain, single-stage transconductance-C integrator. Simulation and analytical results have showed that the technique is especially useful for high-frequency filtering applications. A simple circuit technique used to obtain optimal bias voltages for MOS cascode transistors is presented. Instead of complicated level shifting or sizing calculations, the theory behind is simply exploiting the nature of stacked MOS transistors which, with gate-drain connections, emulate a single MOS diode to generate the desired bias.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
POTDR Measurements on Buried Optical Fibers (1998)

Abstract : In this report, a polarization-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (POTDR) is described and results of POTDR measurements on buried optical fibers in a network testbed are presented. The polarization effects observed on different fibers in the testbed show that the birefringence may vary significantly in fibers of the same type and the same cable. Measurements taken over several hours indicate that polarization effects in buried optical fibers are quite stable.
A Comprehensive Analysis of miRNA/isomiR Expression with Gender Difference (2016)

Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely studied as epigenetic regulation molecules, fewer studies focus on the gender difference at the miRNA and isomiR expression levels. In this study, we aim to understand the potential relationships between gender difference and miRNA/isomiR expression through a comprehensive analysis of small RNA-sequencing datasets based on different human diseases and tissues. Based on specific samples from males and females, we determined that some miRNAs may be diversely expressed between different tissues and genders. Thus, these miRNAs may exhibit inconsistent and even opposite expression between males and females. According to deregulated miRNA expression profiles, some dominantly expressed miRNA loci were selected to analyze isomiR expression patterns using rates of dominant isomiRs. In some miRNA loci, isomiRs showed statistical significance between tumor and normal samples and between males and females samples, suggesting that isomiR expression patterns are not always invariable but may vary between males and females, as well as among different tissues, tumors, and normal samples. The divergence implicates the fluctuation in the expression of miRNA and its detailed expression at the isomiR levels. The divergence also indicates that gender difference may be an important factor that affects the screening of disease-associated miRNAs and isomiRs. This study suggests that miRNA/isomiR expression and gender difference may be more complex than previously assumed and should be further studied according to specific samples from males or females.
Mechanism of Crosslinking of Proteins by Glutaraldehyde I: Reaction with Model Compounds (1982)

3H-Glycine and 6-aminohexanoic acid were used as model amine compounds and reacted with glutaraldehyde. Based on the spectral characteristics and the molecular weights obtained from the reaction products, it is concluded that glutaraldehyde can modify amines to form an intermediate which absorbs at 300 nm and has a molecular weight of about 200. In the presence of excess glutaraldehyde, this intermediate is quickly converted to a much larger intermediate which absorb strongly at 265 nm. The larger intermediates are finally altered to yield a strong absorption peak at 325 nm with no apparent change in the molecular weight. These results suggest that a process of polymerization is induced by the initial reaction of glutaraldehyde with amines. The glutaraldehyde-polymer amine complex is self-limiting in size and can undergo internal rearrangement to become chemically inert.
Photomask process development for next generation lithography (2005)

For the coming technology nodes, lithography options that use 1X masks are becoming practical candidates. Especially the nano-imprint lithography (NIL) is expected as one of the candidates for 32nm node and below, because of its potential low lithography cost. Naturally, 1X masks require features finer than those on today's 4X masks, and for mask making this means a big and hard technology jump. From the mask making point of view, even the 1X mask is still a candidate, it would be a technology driver in terms of patterning process development for the coming nodes. In this paper, we focused on the NIL mold (or mask) making evaluation. Among the important factors dominating the resolution of the mask making process, we studied particularly on the resist and the dry etch. We found that with tools currently used in the commercial mask shops today, and by modification of resists, we could achieve 30nm isolated spaces and 50nm dense lines and holes. We also discuss about our initial results of mask EB writing method evaluation. We found that, to improve the resolution further, the implementation of high resolution EB tools into the mask manufacturing line is inevitable to made molds for 32nm or 22nm technology nodes.
Computational time-lapse video (2007)

We present methods for generating novel time-lapse videos that address the inherent sampling issues that arise with traditional photographic techniques. Starting with video-rate footage as input, our post-process downsamples the source material into a time-lapse video and provides user controls for retaining, removing, and resampling events. We employ two techniques for selecting and combining source frames to form the output. First, we present a non-uniform sampling method, based on dynamic programming, which optimizes the sampling of the input video to match the user's desired duration and visual objectives. We present multiple error metrics for this optimization, each resulting in different sampling characteristics. To complement the non-uniform sampling, we present the virtual shutter, a non-linear filtering technique that synthetically extends the exposure time of time-lapse frames.