gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aluminum-hydrogen peroxide power system for an unmanned underwater vehicle (2002)

Alupower Canada Limited and the Department of National Defence with CRAD funding and DGMEM engineering support are designing and constructing a fuel cell power system (FCPS) to power small unmanned vehicles (UUVs). The ARCS 1, a DND/DREP owned experimental unmanned submersible, has been chosen as the trial vessel. The FCPS will provide sufficient energy to allow the UUV to operate submerged, continuously for 30 hours which is approximately 4 to 6 times the endurance of its existing nickel cadmium system. Unmanned underwater vehicles are attaining increasing importance as "force extenders" for more conventional manned maritime vehicles in times of budgetary constraint. Despite rapid advances in many UUV systems such as navigation and sensor technology, UUVs are now limited by the availability of an advanced power source capable of attaining the desired mission. A steady state power output of 1.7 kW is achieved within a volume of 375 litres and system mass of 315 kg.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ARH460–16-2: a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting CD44 in Her2/neu negative breast cancer (2004)

2622 Background: ARH460–16-2 is a potent anti-CD44 antibody that has been shown to suppress and delay tumor growth and increase survival in a xenograft model of Her2/neu-negative breast cancer. CD44, a cancer-related membrane glycoprotein, is believed to play a critical role in cellular adhesion, migration, invasion and tumorigenicity. Current results describe the prevalence of this epitope in a survey of cancer tissues. Methods: Distribution of the ARH460–16-2 CD44 epitope in breast cancer was determined by the immunohistochemistry of breast cancer sections from 50 individual patients in an array format. Prevalence of the antigen in a range of human cancers was determined by immunohistochemistry of multiple tumors in an array format. Samples were scored according staining intensity, tissue specificity, cellular localization, and section score. Results: Overall, 62% of breast cancer patient samples tested were positive for ARH460–16-2 antigen, while only 4/10 normal breast tissue samples from those patients were positive. Expression of ARH460–16-2 within patient samples appeared specific for cancer cells as staining was restricted to malignant cells. There was no correlation of the ARH460–16-2 binding to the estrogen or progesterone receptor status of the patient. 62% of the sections that were negative for Her2/neu were positive for ARH460–16-2. 23% of sections expressed both the ARH460–16-2 antigen and Her2/neu, suggesting potential for additive therapeutic effects through independent mechanisms of action. To examine the potential therapeutic benefits of ARH460–16-2, the frequency and localization of the antigen within various human cancer tissues was determined. The majority of tumor types including skin, lung, liver, stomach and kidney, in addition to breast cancer, expressed the ARH460–16-2 antigen. Conclusions: CD44, the antigen recognized by the therapeutic antibody ARH460–16-2, is widely distributed in human cancers. In particular, this epitope is present in samples from breast cancer patients that are negative for Her2/neu, and thus may be a target for antibody therapy to provide options for this group of breast cancer patients. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration ARIUS Research, Inc. ARIUS Research, Inc. ARIUS Research, Inc.
Pyrimidine dimer excision in a Bacillus subtilis Uvr- mutant (1979)

A technique which allows the measurement of small numbers of pyrimidine dimers in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of cells of Bacillus subtilis irradiated with ultraviolet light has been used to show that a strain mutant at the uvr-1 locus is able to excise pyrimidine dimers. Excision repair in this strain was slow, but incision may not be rate limiting because single-strand breaks in DNA accumulate under some conditions. Excision repair probably accounted for a liquid-holding recovery previously reported to occur in this strain. Recombinational exchange of pyrimidine dimers into newly replicated DNA was readily detected in uvr-1 cells, but this exchange did not account for more than a minor fraction of the dimers removed from parental DNA. Excision repair in the uvr-1 strain was inhibited by a drug which complexes DNA polymerase III with DNA gaps. This inhibition may be limited to a number of sites equal to the number of DNA polymerase III molecules, and it is inferred that large gaps are produced by excision of dimers. Because the uvr-1 mutation specifically interferes with excision of dimers at incision sites, it is concluded that the uvr-1 gene product may be an exonuclease which is essential for efficient dimer excision.
Fatigue-Damage Estimation and Control for Wind Turbines (2015)

How can fatigue-damage for control of wind turbines be represented? Fatigue-damage is indeed a crucial factor in structures such as wind turbines that are exposed to turbulent and rapidly changing wind flow conditions. This is relevant both in their design stage and during the control of their operation. Accordingly, the most recognized methods of fatigue-damage estimation are discussed in this thesis.<br/><br/>In wind energy conversion systems there is an intrinsic trade-off between power generation maximization and mechanical load minimization. Due to this compromise of competing objectives, the inclusion of fatigue-damage within feedback control loops is of special interest. <br/><br/>Four strategies in total are proposed in this work: three for the wind turbine level and one for the wind farm level. On one hand, the three strategies in the turbine level are based on hysteresis operators and strive to reduce the damage in the drive-train. On the other hand, the wind farm level strategy addresses its mixed-objective operation, allowing the wind farm to balance its power production and infrastructure wear, depending on what is more important.<br/><br/>This thesis adds findings to the current insight of fatigue-damage estimation in wind turbine components, to the mixed objective operation of wind energy conversion systems, and to the synthesis of control strategies that include hysteresis operators.
Leukotrienes promote plasma leakage and leukocyte adhesion in postcapillary venules: in vivo effects with relevance to the acute inflammatory response. (1981)

Leukotrienes B4, C4, and D4, members of a recently discovered family of substances biosynthesized from arachidonic acid, were found to have potent microvascular actions in the hamster cheek pouch. When applied topically to the vascular network, leukotrienes C4 and D4 caused an intense constriction of arterioles, being similar to angiotensin in potency in this respect. The vasoconstriction induced by leukotrienes C4 and D4 was short-lived, and it was consistently followed by a marked and dose-dependent extravasation of macromolecules from postcapillary venules. Histamine did not constrict arterioles, but it elicited leakage of plasma, although on a molar basis it was no more than 1/1000th as potent as the leukotrienes. When used in the same concentration range as leukotrienes C4 and D4, leukotriene B4 did not evoke vasoconstriction or promote plasma leakage. On the other hand, leukotriene B4 caused a conspicuous and reversible adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium in postcapillary venules. Our findings that leukotrienes induce microcirculatory alterations in vivo, closely resembling the early events in the acute inflammatory response, imply that leukotrienes, formed in several blood-borne and tissue-bound cells, may mediate important microcirculatory adjustments to noxious stimuli.
An Experimental Study on Ubiquitous commerce Adoption: Impact of Personalization and Privacy Concerns (2008)

Ubiquitous commerce (u-commerce) represents "anytime, anywhere" commerce. U-commerce can provide a high level of personalization, which can bring significant benefits to customers. However, privacy is a major concern to customers and an obstacle to the adoption of u-commerce. This research examines how personalization and context can impact customers' privacy concerns as well as intention to adopt u-commerce applications. As u-commerce is new and emerging, we used the scenario-based approach to operationalize personalization and context in an experimental study. The experimental results show that the effects of personalization on customers' privacy concerns and adoption intention are situation dependent.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Phosphatidyl-<scp>L</scp>-serine Hydroperoxide (1994)

1-Stearoyl-2–[15′-(S)-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoyl]-phospho-serine was synthesized for the first time by utilizing lipoxygenase-catalyzed hydroperoxidation, protection of the hydroperoxy group, DCC-mediated esterification and phospholipase D-catalyzed transphosphatidylation. A hydroxy form of this hydroperoxide was prepared by reducing the hydroperoxy group with triphenylphos-phine. Unoxidized phosphatidylserine was also prepared as a reference compound.
Development of Radiotracers for the Determination of the Beta-Cell Mass In Vivo (2010)

The changes in beta-cell mass (BCM) during the course of diabetes are not yet well characterized. A non-invasive method to measure the BCM in vivo would allow us to study the BCM during the onset and progression of the diseases caused by beta-cell dysfunction. PET and SPECT imaging are attractive approaches to determine the BCM because of their high sensitivity and the possibility to quantitatively analyze the images. Several targets and their corresponding radiotracers have been examined for their ability to determine the BCM including radiolabeled antibodies, antibody fragments, peptides and small molecules. Although some of these tracers show promising results, there is still no reliable method to determine the beta-cell mass in vivo. In this review, the targets and the corresponding radiotracers evaluated so far for the determination of the BCM in vivo in humans will be discussed.
Application of SLM generated patterns for laser-ultrasound (2014)

We use a spatial light modulator to shape the excitation laser spot of a laser-ultrasound system. With periodic excitation patterns we are able to excite ultrasound waves of a particular, single wavelength. In combination with temporal intensity modulation of the excitation laser, only waves of specific wavelength and frequency are generated. We experimentally validated this principle and applied the method to scan the two-dimensional dispersion relation of surface acoustic waves on coated samples. Results obtained with different periodic patterns were compared. We also used the setup to produce laser spots of different size to study the excitability of Lamb modes.
Analisis Fitur Sinyal Emosi EEG Berdasarkan Hybrid Decomposition (2017)

Hasil rekaman EEG memiliki sejumlah channel atau elektroda dalam menentukan emosi manusia. Setiap Channel tersebut memilik frekuensi dengan kurun waktu yang sama, di mana masing-masing channel memiliki karakteristik frekuensi yang tidak sama. Hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi proses komputasi cerdas dalam pengenalan emosi manusia. Dalam penelitian ini diusulkan proses penyaringan sinyal EEG berdasarkan metode Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) dan Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) dalam membentuk data fitur emosi manusia. Selanjutnya data fitur dianalisis berdasarkan grafik penyebaran dan karakteristik data dengan menggunakan analisis boxplot. Pada penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa fungsi logaritmic statistic dapat menghasilkan nilai fitur sinyal emosi manusia yang memiliki pola serta penyebaran data fitur yang simetris.
Kata Kunci: empirical mode decomposition, wavelet packet decomposition, analisis boxplot.
Neurological channelopathies (2005)

Ion channels are membrane-bound proteins that perform key functions in virtually all human cells. Such channels are critically important for the normal function of the excitable tissues of the nervous system, such as muscle and brain. Until relatively recently it was considered that dysfunction of ion channels in the nervous system would be incompatible with life. However, an increasing number of human diseases associated with dysfunctional ion channels are now recognised. Such neurological channelopathies are frequently genetically determined but may also arise through autoimmune mechanisms. In this article clinical, genetic, immunological, and electrophysiological aspects of this expanding group of neurological disorders are reviewed. Clinical situations in which a neurological channelopathy should enter into the differential diagnosis are highlighted. Some practical guidance on how to investigate and treat this complex group of disorders is also included.
Second and third harmonic generation microscopy visualizes key structural components in fresh unprocessed healthy human breast tissue (2019)

Real-time assessment of excised tissue may help to improve surgical results in breast tumor surgeries. Here, as a step towards this purpose, the potential of second and third harmonic generation (SHG, THG) microscopy is explored. SHG and THG are nonlinear optical microscopic techniques that do not require labeling of tissue to generate 3D images with intrinsic depth-sectioning at sub-cellular resolution. Until now, this technique had been applied on fixated breast tissue or to visualize the stroma only, whereas most tumors start in the lobules and ducts. Here, SHG/THG images of freshly excised unprocessed healthy human tissue are shown to reveal key breast components-lobules, ducts, fat tissue, connective tissue and blood vessels, in good agreement with hematoxylin and eosin histology. DNA staining of fresh unprocessed mouse breast tissue was performed to aid in the identification of cell nuclei in label-free THG images. Furthermore, 2- and 3-photon excited auto-fluorescence images of mouse and human tissue are collected for comparison. The SHG/THG imaging modalities generate high quality images of freshly excised tissue in less than a minute with an information content comparable to that of the gold standard, histopathology. Therefore, SHG/THG microscopy is a promising tool for real-time assessment of excised tissue during surgery.
Facing ACA repeal, community clinics are looking down a double-barreled gun. (2017)

With the GOP targeting both the ACA and Medicaid, operators of community health centers fret over their funding.
[The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex. Various sites of regulation and clinical consequences]. (1990)

Amino acids such as L-glutamate und L-aspartate are major excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and potential neurotoxins (excitotoxins), which can destroy central neurons by excessive activation of respective receptors. In the last three decades evidence has accumulated that excitatory amino acids (EAA) are involved in many neurological diseases and that pharmacological intervention offers prospects of novel and more effective therapies. Three different receptor types for EAA have been identified, each being named by the selective agonist to which it is preferentially sensitive, i.e. N-methyl-D-aspartate- (NMDA), kainate- and quisqualate-receptors. In this review interest is focused primarily on the NMDA-receptor, whose structure has been subject of numerous electrophysiological and biochemical studies. Today, it is well established that the NMDA-receptor-ionophore complex has an agonist binding site for glutamate, NMDA and related EAAs which is coupled with an ion channel permeable to Na+, K+, Cl- and Ca2+. Four other binding sites for glycine, phencyclidine, Mg2+ and Zn2+ have been identified which can differentially modulate the function of the NMDA receptor. An additional polyamine binding site has recently been reported. Numerous studies on experimental animals demonstrate that modulators of NMDA-mediated neurotransmission may have antiepileptic, anxiolytic, muscle-relaxant and memory-enhancing effects. Particular interest has gained the possible neuroprotective efficacy of NMDA-receptor antagonists in neurological diseases such as hypoxia/ischemia, hypoglycemia, epilepsy and chronic neurodegenerative disorders (Huntington's, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and AIDS encephalopathy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Report of the 38th SNACC Annual Meeting (2011)

The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery Reprints: Martin Smith, MBBS, FRCA, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom (e-mail: [email protected]).
Dispersion Characteristics for Wide Slotlines on Low-Permittivity Substrates (Short Paper) (1985)

This paper provides additional dispersion data on slotlines not available in the literature to date. In particular, data are presented on wide slots etched on an electrically thin substrate of low-dielectric constant. The range of parameters covered in this paper are 0.006<= d/lambda/sub 0/ <=0.06, 0.005 <= W/lambda/sub 0/ <=2.0, and epsilon /sub r/ =2.22, 3.0, 3.8, 9.8. The problem is formulated using the spectral-domain technique, and the spectral Galerkin's method is employed to compute the slot wavelength. Numerical results are compared to the experimental data over 2-6 GHz for slotlines on a 1.57-mm substrate (epsilon/sub r/ = 2.55). Agreement to within 2.0 percent is obtained.
Error diffused intra prediction for HEVC (2015)

HEVC uses up to 35 prediction modes for intra prediction and it can well predict blocks with uni-directional structures or sharp edges, but the intra prediction still suffers from its discontinuous characteristics. To improve coding performance of intra prediction, the inpainting technique has been studied but it is impractical because of its high computational complexity. In this paper, we employ error diffusion technique for HEVC intra prediction to improve its coding efficiency with reasonable increase in computational complexity. The experimental results show that the error diffusion technique outperforms the inpainting technique subjectively and objectively, especially with much lower computational complexity. The results demonstrate that average 0.5% BDBR reduction can be achieved in the proposed algorithm, compared to HEVC intra prediction.
Single-Cell Forward Link Power Allocation Using Pricing in Wireless Networks (2004)

We consider forward link power allocation for voice users in a code-division multiple-access wireless network. Admission control policies are investigated, which base a new call admission decision not only upon available capacity, but also upon the required forward link transmit power and upon the user's willingness to pay. We assume that each voice user has a utility function that describes the user's willingness to pay as a function of forward link signal-to-interference plus noise ratio. The network objective is to maximize either total utility summed over all users or total revenue generated from all users. Properties of the optimal power and code allocations are presented. Our key results show how these optimal allocations can be achieved using pricing. The analysis is complemented with a numerical study, which shows how the optimal prices and corresponding utility or revenue vary with load.
Low-Temperature Synthesis of Nearly Monodisperse ZnS Nanospheres Using a Facile Solution-Phase Approach (2006)

This paper describes a facile and controllable solution-phase process for the preparation of nearly monodisperse ZnS nanospheres, with an average diameter of 150 nm, at a low temperature (80°C). Thiourea is used both as a sulfur source and as a capping ligand which can direct initially formed ZnS particles to aggregate into nanospheres. The average diameter of ZnS nanospheres could be readily controlled by varying the reaction time. On the basis of the results of different reaction times and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum analysis, a possible aggregation mechanism to form ZnS nanospheres is proposed. The UV-vis absorption spectra of the obtained ZnS nanospheres exhibits an obvious blue shift due to the quantum confinement effect.
Cortical Imaging of Event-Related (de)Synchronization During Online Control of Brain-Computer Interface Using Minimum-Norm Estimates in Frequency Domain (2008)

It is of wide interest to study the brain activity that correlates to the control of brain-computer interface (BCI). In the present study, we have developed an approach to image the cortical rhythmic modulation associated with motor imagery using minimum-norm estimates in the frequency domain (MNEFD). The distribution of cortical sources of mu activity during online control of BCI was obtained with the MNEFD. Contralateral decrease (event-related desynchronization) and ipsilateral increase (event-related synchronization) are localized in the sensorimotor cortex during online control of BCI in a group of human subjects. Statistical source analysis revealed that maximum correlation with movement imagination is localized in sensorimotor cortex.
A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words (2016)

Text messaging on smartphones has become one of the most popular communication methods. With many smartphone chat applications, text messaging no longer is only "text"; users send emoticons to express emotions or share pictures stored on their phones. We believe that providing more visuals in chat applications by autonomously suggesting proper images from the Internet (i.e., "auto complete" with images), based on the chat content, is the next evolution of mobile messaging. Realizing this simple vision however, is a difficult task due to the intrinsic nature of mobile chat and resource limitations of smartphones. We identify these challenges and to overcome them, we suggest integrating solutions from the field of mobile computing, natural language processing, sentiment analysis, machine learning, storage, human computer interaction, networking, and systems. We present MilliCat, a lightweight mobile messaging service that autonomously suggests images based on chat context to improve emotion expression, nuance delivery, and information delivery of a conversation. Experimental results from our preliminary prototype implementation show promises that real-time autonomous image suggestion can provide timely, proper images while only incurring manageable networking and energy overhead.
Quasi-photon Phase States (1991)

Abstract We introduce quasi-photon phase states of radiation in the single mode, and study the fluctuations in the measured phase operators. We also show that these states exhibit bunching, unlike coherent states which show no bunching.
Search Method of Sun Using Fixed Five Photodiode Sensor (2009)

The direction sensor for light source has been developed using five photodiodes (PD's) which are three-dimensionally arranged on a frustum of pyramid. It was named 5 PD light sensor. It is useful for the electric generation of solar cells to search the direction of the sun. The Lambert's law that the irradiance to a given surface depends on the cosine element of incident angle under the uniformly parallel light like the sun is applied to decide the direction. The direction is obtained by calculating the output of three photodiodes faced to the light source. The maximum difference of about 6 degree is experimentally obtained in the direction between the real light source and the calculated value. It is not considered that the difference largely affects on using the 5 PD light sensor to the control of solar cells.