gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementing web data extraction and making Mashup with Xtractorz (2010)

Implementing web data extraction means we can directly extract data from various web pages, where they mostly formed in an unstructured HTML format, into a new structured format such as XML or XHTML. In this paper we review the implementation of web data extraction and stages in making a Mashup. We implement web data extraction by visually extract targeted data from data sources (web pages). Afterward, we combined web data extraction with the stages of making a Mashup, e.g. data retrieval, data source modeling, data cleaning/ filtering, data integration and data visualization. Problems arise in querying data sources due to unstructured contents of web pages (HTML), we cannot directly extract data into a new structured form. To address this problem, we propose a system, called Xtractorz, that can perform web data extraction in a Mashup format. We provide a fully visual and interactive user interface with new technique and approach using PHP and AJAX as the programming languages, and MySQL as the Data Repository. Furthermore, Xtractorz enables the user to conduct their job without the need to write a script or program or even without any knowledge of computer programming. The test results shows that Xtractorz requires less number of steps in making a Mashup compared with RoboMaker and Karma.
Asthma (2003)

This article is a comprehensive review of asthma that discusses risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Guidelines for choosing appropriate asthma therapy are discussed. Key aspects of patient education are described. Reasons for the failure of asthma therapy with potential remedies are presented. Regular follow-up for good asthma care is emphasized.
Relevance of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) -308 promoter polymorphism in TNF alpha gene regulation. (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a central mediator of the immunological response and the location of the gene within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has prompted much speculation about the role of TNF alpha alleles in inflammatory and MHC-associated autoimmune diseases. A G to A transition polymorphism at position -308 of the TNF alpha promoter/enhancer region has been described. The uncommon -308A allele was shown to be strongly associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR3, known to be related to a TNF alpha "high producer" phenotype. In support for a clinical relevance, the -308A allele is implicated in susceptibility for cerebral malaria. In this study, we determined the junctional consequences of the TNF -308 polymorphism. Therefore, we analyzed both allelic forms (TNF alpha(-308G) and TNF alpha(-3O8A)) of the TNF alpha enhancer/promoter region (-598/+108) in a transient transfection system, using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) as reporter gene. The T cell line Jurkat and the B cell line Raji served as hosts in these experiments. The results showed no differences in the level of inducible reporter gene expression between the TNF(-3O8G)/CAT and the TNF(-308A)/CAT constructs. These data were confirmed by allele specific TNF alpha transcript quantification (ASTQ) analysis, which demonstrated that both TNF alleles contribute equally to the total amount of mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/anti-CD3. In analogy, no difference between the level of transcription of the -308A and -308G alleles was observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood monocytes. This study indicates that the TNF alpha -308 G to A transition is not responsible for differential TNF alpha production induced by standard in vitro stimuli.
Production of Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid by a Δ5-Desaturase-Defective Mutant of <i>Mortierella alpina</i> 1S-4 (1992)

A mutant, which has low Delta5-desaturase activity, of an arachidonic acid-producing fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, was shown to be a novel potent producer of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHGA). On submerged culture under optimal conditions for 6 days at 28 degrees C in a 10-liter fermentor, the mutant produced 3.2 g of DHGA per liter of culture broth (123 mg/g of dry mycelia), which accounted for 23.4% of the total mycelial fatty acids. Mycelial arachidonic acid amounted to only 19 mg/g of dry mycelia (0.5 g/liter of culture broth), which accounted for 3.7% of the total mycelial fatty acids. The other major mycelial fatty acids were palmitic acid (11.0%), stearic acid (12.8%), oleic acid (22.7%), linoleic acid (8.9%), gamma-linolenic acid (6.5%), and lignoceric acid (7.8%). More than 97 mol% of the DHGA produced was found in the triglyceride fraction irrespective of the growth temperature employed (12 to 28 degrees C).
A Single Chip Pulse Processor for Nuclear Spectroscopy (1985)

A high performance digital pulse processor, integrated into a single gate array microcircuit, has been developed for spaceflight applications. The new approach takes advantage of the latest CMOS high speed A/D flash converters and low-power gated logic arrays. The pulse processor measures pulse height, pulse area and the required timing information (e.g. multi detector coincidence and pulse pile-up detection). The pulse processor features high throughput rate (e.g. 0.5 Mhz for 2 usec gausssian pulses) and improved differential linearity (e.g. ± 0.2 LSB for a ± 1 LSB A/D). Because of the parallel digital architecture of the device, the interface is microprocessor bus compatible. A satellite flight application of this module is presented for use in the X-ray imager and high energy particle spectrometers of the PEM experiment on the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of the Cembranoid Preverecynarmin Alongside Some Briaranes, the Verecynarmins, from Both the Nudibranch Mollusc Armina maculata and the Octocoral Veretillum cynomorium of the East Pyrenean Mediterranean Sea. (1990)

Abstract The three novel briaranes verecynarmin E (Ia), F (Ib) and G (II), the novel cembranoid preverecynarmin (IIIa) and the known cembranoid cembrene C (IIIb) are isolated.
GLISTR: Glioma Image Segmentation and Registration (2012)

We present a generative approach for simultaneously registering a probabilistic atlas of a healthy population to brain magnetic resonance (MR) scans showing glioma and segmenting the scans into tumor as well as healthy tissue labels. The proposed method is based on the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm that incorporates a glioma growth model for atlas seeding, a process which modifies the original atlas into one with tumor and edema adapted to best match a given set of patient's images. The modified atlas is registered into the patient space and utilized for estimating the posterior probabilities of various tissue labels. EM iteratively refines the estimates of the posterior probabilities of tissue labels, the deformation field and the tumor growth model parameters. Hence, in addition to segmentation, the proposed method results in atlas registration and a low-dimensional description of the patient scans through estimation of tumor model parameters. We validate the method by automatically segmenting 10 MR scans and comparing the results to those produced by clinical experts and two state-of-the-art methods. The resulting segmentations of tumor and edema outperform the results of the reference methods, and achieve a similar accuracy from a second human rater. We additionally apply the method to 122 patients scans and report the estimated tumor model parameters and their relations with segmentation and registration results. Based on the results from this patient population, we construct a statistical atlas of the glioma by inverting the estimated deformation fields to warp the tumor segmentations of patients scans into a common space.
Effects of Support on the Performance of NiO-Based Oxygen Carriers (2011)

The performance of an oxygen carrier for Chemical Looping Combustion varies with the support material used. NiO oxygen carriers were prepared using 60 or 70 wt% NiO and different raw support materials (<i>γ<i/>-Al<sub>2<sub/>O<sub>3<sub/>, pseudoboehmite, <i>α<i/>-Al<sub>2<sub/>O<sub>3<sub/>, <i>γ<i/>-Al<sub>2<sub/>O<sub>3<sub/> mixed with MgO, hydrotalcite, MgAl<sub>2<sub/>O<sub>4<sub/>, and <i>γ<i/>-Al<sub>2<sub/>O<sub>3<sub/> with added graphite) by the mechanical mixing method. Reactivity tests were conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at 950˚C. The oxygen carriers prepared using <i>γ<i/>-Al<sub>2<sub/>O<sub>3<sub/>, <i>γ<i/>-Al<sub>2<sub/>O<sub>3<sub/> mixed with a small amount of MgO, hydrotalcite, and MgAl<sub>2<sub/>O<sub>4<sub/> showed high oxygen transfer capacity, high oxygen utilization, and a high oxygen transfer rate. Graphite addition to <i>γ<i/>-Al<sub>2<sub/>O<sub>3<sub/> did not increase the surface area or reactivity. The use of pseudoboehmite as a support led to a significant decrease in oxygen transfer capacity and severe agglomeration of the oxygen carriers during the redox reaction. The increase in MgO content in the raw support materials decreased the reduction reactivity. The oxygen carriers prepared with <i>α<i/>-Al<sub>2<sub/>O<sub>3<sub/> showed less oxygen transfer capacity than the other oxygen carriers. The differences in the reactivity according to the support type were explained by the relative strength of NiO-support interaction obtained from the temperature-programmed reduction analysis. The reactivity test results in this work indicate that <i>γ<i/>-Al<sub>2<sub/>O<sub>3<sub/> and hydrotalcite could be desirable raw support materials to prepare highly reactive NiO oxygen carriers with high NiO content.
Disease Phenotype of Virus-Infected <i>Helminthosporium victoriae</i> Is Independent of Overexpression of the Cellular Alcohol Oxidase/RNA-Binding Protein Hv-p68 (2006)

ABSTRACT The cellular protein Hv-p68 is a novel alcohol oxidase/RNA-binding protein that is overexpressed in virus-infected isolates of the plant-pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium victoriae (teleomorph: Cochliobolus victoriae). Overproduction of Hv-p68 has been hypothesized to lead to the accumulation of toxic aldehydes and to induce the disease phenotype associated with the virus-infected isolates. We overexpressed the Hv-p68 gene in virus-free isolates and evaluated the morphology of the resulting colonies. We cloned and sequenced the Hv-p68 genomic DNA, which contains five introns and the complete Hv-p68 coding sequence. Vectors for overexpression of the Hv-p68 gene were constructed with either Hv-p68 cDNA or the intron-containing Hv-p68 genomic DNA. Expression of Hv-p68 was significantly higher if the genomic sequence was used for transformation than if the cDNA sequence was used. The virus-free fungal transformants that overexpressed Hv-p68 gene did not exhibit the disease phenotype. In contrast, these transformants showed enhanced growth rates when compared with the nontransformed and empty vector controls. Interestingly, overexpression of Hv-p68 in a fungal isolate infected with both the totivirus Helminthosporium victoriae 190S virus (Hv190SV) and the chrysovirus Helminthosporium victoriae 145S virus (Hv145S) showed enhanced accumulation of the Hv145SV double-stranded (ds)RNA, but not of the Hv190SV. These results are consistent with an earlier report that Hv-p68 co-purified with viral dsRNA, mainly that of the Hv145SV. Elucidation of the role of Hv-p68 in disease induction is important for an understanding of host-virus interactions in this fungus-virus system.
Batteries for Large-Scale Stationary Electrical Energy Storage (2010)

Large-scale stationary battery energy storage has been under development for several decades. Several large battery demonstration projects have been built and tested under a variety of electric utility grid applications, and in conjunction with renewable energy sources such as wind and photovoltaics that require energy storage systems. Applications fall into two broad categories: Energy applications and power applications. Energy applications involve storage system discharge over periods of hours (typically one discharge cycle per day) with correspondingly long charging periods. Power applications involve comparatively short periods of discharge (seconds to minutes), short recharging periods, and often require many cycles per day. While many battery technologies have been proposed and developed, only a handful have actually been commercially employed. These include lead- acid, nickel/cadmium, sodium/sulfur, and vanadium-redox flow batteries. Other battery technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries, are less mature and not yet well-developed for these applications.
Structure of the Peptidoglycan-Associated Lipoprotein (PAL) of the <italic>Proteus mirabilis</italic> Outer Membrane. II. Sequence of the Amino-Terminal Part of the Peptidoglycan-Associated Lipoprotein (1981)

The amino acid of the lipooligopeptide (LOP) derived from the N-terminal region of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) of Proteus mirabilis was determined to be [X]-Ser-Ser-Asn-Lys. An unidentified compound[X] present at the N-terminus was identified as glycerylcysteine [S-(propane-2,'3'-diol)-3-thio, 2-amino-propanoic acid]. The partial amino acid sequence of the lipopolypeptide (LPP), which contained the lipooligopeptide (LOP) at its N-terminal part, was also determined, mainly by Edman-degradation. The structure of the N-terminal part of PAL was determined to be [3 Fatty acids approximately glycerylcysteine-Ser-Ser-Asn-Lys-Asn-Asp-Asp-Glu-Thr-Asp-Thr-Ser...]. The structure of PAL is discussed in comparison with Braun's lipoprotein.
A novel approach to expert systems for design of large structures (1988)

A novel approach is presented for the development of expert systems for structural design problems. This approach differs from the conventional expert systems in two fundamental respects. First, mathematical optimization is introduced into the design process. Second, a computer is used to obtain parts of the knowledge necessary in the expert systems in addition to heuristics and experiential knowledge obtained from documented materials and human experts. As an example of this approach, a prototype coupled expert system, the bridge truss expert (BTExpert), is presented for optimum design of bridge trusses subjected to moving loads. BTExpert was developed by interfacing an interactive optimization program developed in Fortran 77 to an expert system shell developed in Pascal. This new generation of expert systems-embracing various advanced technologies such as AI (machine intelligence), the numeric optimization technique, and interactive computer graphics -- should find enormous practical implications.
Using meta-objects to support optimisation in the Apertos operating system (1995)

The Apertos OS has explored the use of the meta-object model and reflection as a means to build highly flexible operating systems. While the benefits of such a system are great, the performance cost of a clean consistent use of the meta object model is high. Our initial work accepted this because of our desire to explore the model to its fullest. Recently we have turned our attention to optimisation techniques. Our work is interesting because we have tried to use the flexibility of the model to support our optimisations. This is in contrast to many systems that restrict or even compromise their initial model for the sake of performance. This paper outlines the Apertos system and discusses the optimisations we have made. Introduction Recent trends in networking, multi-media and mobile computing have placed new requirements on the flexibility and adaptability of existing operating systems. It is increasingly recognised that existing OS architectures are not sufficiently flexible to meet...
Serological, Taxonomic, and Kinetic Studies of the T and M Classes of Mycobacterial Catalase (1982)

Two types of catalase may be found in extracts of mycobacteria, the heat-labile T class and the heat-stable M class. The T-catalase is resistant to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and has a Michaelis constant in the range of 3.1 to 6.8 mM H2O2, whereas the M-catalase is inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and has a Michaelis constant in the range of 143 to 156 mM. Some species of mycobacteria produce only one class of catalase, and others produce both. Of the species studied, only Mycobacterium terrae, M. triviale, and M. nonchromogenicum failed to exhibit T-catalase, although all three of these species had M-catalase. Conversely, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. intracellulare, M. avium, M.gastri, M. marinum, and M. xenopi yielded T-catalase but not M-catalase. Six species, M. szulgai,M. simiae, M. kansasii, M. gordonae,M. scrofulaceum, and M. asiaticum, produced both classes. The differences in resistance to heat and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole were exploited in the development of methods for quantitative serological characterization of one class of catalase in the presence of the other. These techniques were used with three reference sera to produce a branching diagram of divergence of the T-catalases from 13 species of mycobacteria based on measurements of immunological distance. No T-catalase could be demonstrated in another three species. A first-stage study was also carried out with a single reference antiserum to M-catalase from M. kansasii. Representatives of nine mycobacterial species, including the three that produced no T-catalase, were characterized with this reference system, which tends to yield larger immunological distance values than the T-catalase system.
Energy Metabolism of Human Leukemic Lymphocytes and Granulocytes (1967)

Abstract 1. Leukocytes taken from patients having acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are characterized by high respiratory rates and low to absent aerobic glycolysis. Leukemic granulocytes have low respiratory rates and high aerobic glycolysis. 2. Lymphocytes and granulocytes have the capacity for high glycolytic rates under anaerobic conditions. 3. Lymphocyte respiration is independent of glucose concentration in contrast to granulocyte respiration. 4. High energy phosphate levels of lymphocytes and granulocytes are unchanged if these cells are incubated aerobically, either with or without glucose, or anaerobically in the presence of glucose. 5. Aerobic glycolysis can be induced in lymphocytes by the addition of foreign plasma. Foreign plasma may also alter granulocyte metabolism.
Synthesis and Characterization of Storage Energy Materials Prepared from Nano-crystafline Cellulose/Polyethylene Glycol (2006)

This paper gives a brief report of the synthesis of a new kind of solid-solid phase change materials (SSPCMs), nano-crystalline cellulose/polyethylene glycol (NCC/PEG). These PCMs have very high ability for energy storage, and their enthalpies reach 103.8 J/g. They are composed of two parts, PEG as functional branches for energy storage, and NCC as skeleton. The flexible polymer PEG was grafted onto the surface of rigid powder of NCC by covalent bonds. The results of DSC, FT-IR were briefly introduced, and some comments were also given.
Method for the detection and quantitation of chitinase inhibitors in fermentation broths; Isolation and insect life cycle effect of A82516. (1987)

A new method of screening for chitinase inhibitors in crude fermentation broths as a means of discovering new insecticidal leads has been developed. In this procedure soluble Remazol brilliant violet 5R dye-coupled chitin degradation products released from insoluble chitin azure substrate by hydrolysis with Streptomyces griseus chitinase are filtered in 0.45 micron Millititer HA 96 well filtration plates and collected in 96 well microtiter plates. Inhibitors of this reaction are detected by a decrease in absorbance (570 nm) of the filtrate. A chitinase inhibitor, designated A82516, produced by culture A82516 was discovered using this screen. Purified A82516 was found to have an IC50 of 3.7 X 10(-6) M for S. griseus chitinase. At a test concentration of 0.27 mg/ml, A82516 was 100% effective in preventing development of house fly larvae to pupae. Allosamidin, a recently reported chitinase inhibitor in vitro, has spectral properties identical to A82516.
The Relationship between Transmitting Tissue, Pollen Tube, and Ovule Number: A Study across 10 Angiosperm Families (1999)

In this study we quantified features of the transmitting tissue for a broad range of angiosperm species to compare these values to pollen tube number and ovule number. Pistils from 25 species, from 10 angiosperm families, including one monocotyledon, were serially sectioned at the base of the style, and the cellular and noncellular areas within the transmitting tissue were determined using an image analysis package. Transmitting tissue cell number and whole stylar area were also measured. Overall stylar structure and tissue areas were generally consistent within families but differed significantly among families. There was a positive overall relationship between quantity of transmitting tissue, pollen tube number, and ovule number. However, the ratio of transmitting tissue intercellular space to pollen tubes was ≤$$1.1\times 10^{2}$$ μm2/pollen tube for species with multiple ovules, whereas it ranged from 0.9 to $$22.6\times 10^{2}$$ μm2/pollen tube in species with one or two ovules, and for species with multiple ovules, the ratio of transmitting tissue cells to pollen tubes was lower than for species with few ovules. The results are discussed in terms of relative investment in seed production.
The non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, indomethacin, as an inhibitor of HIV replication (1995)

Indomethacin, a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Although indomethacin has also been used as an immunopotentiator and symptomatic NSAID in AIDS, its effect on HIV replication is unknown. MT-4 lymphocytes were inoculated with HIV in the presence of indomethacin and tested for p24 expression by ELISA. The 50% inhibition (IC50) was 10 microM, corresponding to plasma levels after administration of 50 mg oral indomethacin. The antiviral effect appears to be specific since no toxicity has been observed at the IC50 dose, and unrelated NSAIDs have not shown the activity at clinical doses. Indomethacin may, thus, represent a new class of anti-HIV drug.
488. Compounds related to the steroid hormones. Part II. The action of hydrogen bromide on 2-bromo-3-oxo-Δ<sup>1</sup>-5α-steroids (1961)

G. F. H. Green and A. G. Long, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 2532 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610002532
Real-Time Central Demand Response for Primary Frequency Regulation in Microgrids (2012)

Providing ancillary services for future smart microgrid can be a challenging task because of lack of conventional automatic generation control (AGC) and spinning reserves, and expensive storage devices. In addition, strong motivation to increase the penetration of renewable energy in power systems, particularly at the distribution level, introduces new challenges for frequency and voltage regulation. Thus, increased attention has been focused on demand response (DR), especially in the smart grid environment, where two-way communication and customer participation are part of. This paper presents a comprehensive central DR algorithm for frequency regulation, while minimizing the amount of manipulated load, in a smart microgrid. Simulation studies have been carried out on an IEEE 13-bus standard distribution system operating as a microgrid with and without variable wind generation. Simulation results show that the proposed comprehensive DR control strategy provides frequency (and consequently voltage) regulation as well as minimizing the amount of manipulated responsive loads in the absence/presence of wind power generation.
Compressive Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (2010)

We describe a compressive-sensing approach for obtaining an N-point Fourier spectrum using much less than N time-domain measurements. We experimentally resolve sparse vibrational spectra using <30% of the Nyquist limit samples in single-pulse CARS experiments.