gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restraint system effectiveness in racing crashes (1969)

The Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) made shoulder harnesses mandatory equipment beginning in January 1967. Other automobile racing organizations (United States Automobile Club, (USAC); National Association of Stock Car Automobile Racing, (NASCAR); and National Hotrod Association) have required shoulder harnesses as long ago as 1960. SCCA delayed in their installation because of the many problems in installing harnesses in a variety of automobile types, the majority of which are production cars. Mandatory use of shoulder harnesses was delayed until there was reasonable certainty that the harnesses would not produce injury. Potential injury from shoulder harnesses arises from two mechanisms: 1. Lateral displacement of the head, neck and upper torso results from side rollover accidents and side impact accidents. Impingement of the shoulder harness strap against the side of the neck or the shoulder girdle may result in injury to the neck, shoulder girdle and chest. 2. Submarining is a phenomenon in which the restrained occupant slips from beneath the restraint system, allowing the lap belt to move upward over the soft part of the abdomen, and occasionally the chest and neck. Serious or mortal injury may occur in this situation. The United States Automobile Club and the National Association of Stock Car Automobile Racing are professional racing organizations. Both have recognized the potential injury hazards of shoulder harnesses and taken steps to prevent injury from harnesses. The USAC uses single seat cars with narrow bodies which prevent lateral displacement of the driver's upper torso. NASCAR uses modified stock cars with special deep bucket seats which contact the sides of the driver's chest and effectively prevent lateral displacement. To prevent submarining, USAC recommends that the seats have a deep trough for the buttocks and a hop-up for the thighs to prevent forward displacement with a head-on impact. NASCAR uses a different approach by requiring groin straps which anchor to the seat and to the lap and shoulder belt buckle. These straps are virtually identical to parachute harness straps. These issues are discussed as applied to racing cars and to passenger cars.
Protonation-induced dynamic stereochemistry of hexatungstobis(organoarsonate) anions (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtonation-induced dynamic stereochemistry of hexatungstobis(organoarsonate) anionsS. H. Wasfi, W. Kwak, M. T. Pope, K. M. Barkigia, R. J. Butcher, and C. O. QuicksallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 24, 7786–7787Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00492a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00492a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Nature and Perception of Fluctuations in Human Musical Rhythms (2011)

Although human musical performances represent one of the most valuable achievements of mankind, the best musicians perform imperfectly. Musical rhythms are not entirely accurate and thus inevitably deviate from the ideal beat pattern. Nevertheless, computer generated perfect beat patterns are frequently devalued by listeners due to a perceived lack of human touch. Professional audio editing software therefore offers a humanizing feature which artificially generates rhythmic fluctuations. However, the built-in humanizing units are essentially random number generators producing only simple uncorrelated fluctuations. Here, for the first time, we establish long-range fluctuations as an inevitable natural companion of both simple and complex human rhythmic performances. Moreover, we demonstrate that listeners strongly prefer long-range correlated fluctuations in musical rhythms. Thus, the favorable fluctuation type for humanizing interbeat intervals coincides with the one generically inherent in human musical performances.
Modern Raman Spectroscopy – A Practical Approach (2004)

This book reflects the dramatic increase in the number of Raman spectrometers being sold to and used by non-expert practitioners. It contains coverage of Resonance Raman and SERS, two hot areas of Raman, in a form suitable for the non-expert. Builds Raman theory up in stages without overloading the reader with complex theory Includes two chapters on instrumentation and interpretation that shows how Raman spectra can be obtained and interpreted Explains the potential of using Raman spectroscopy in a wide variety of applications Includes detailed, but concise information and worked examples
The participation of the Na<sup>+</sup>–Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger in primary cardiac myofibroblast migration, contraction, and proliferation (2007)

Cardiac ventricular myofibroblast motility, proliferation, and contraction contribute to post-myocardial infarct wound healing, infarct scar formation, and remodeling of the ventricle remote to the site of infarction. The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) is involved in altered calcium handling in cardiac myocytes during cardiac remodeling associated with heart failure, however, its role in cardiac myofibroblast cell function is unexplored. In this study we investigated the involvement of NCX1 as well as the role of non-selective-cation channels (NSCC) in cardiac myofibroblast cell function in vitro. Immunofluorescence and Western blots revealed that P1 cells upregulate alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) and embryonic smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMemb) expression. NCX1 mRNA and proteins as well as Ca(v)1.2a protein are also expressed in P1 myofibroblasts. Myofibroblast motility in the presence of 50 ng/ml PDGF-BB was blocked with AG1296. Myofibroblast motility, contraction, and proliferation were sensitive to KB-R7943, a specific NCX1 reverse-mode inhibitor. In contrast, only proliferation and contraction, but not motility were sensitive to nifedipine, while gadolinium (NSCC blocker) was only associated with decreased motility. ML-7 treatment was associated with inhibition of the chemotactic response and contraction. Thus cardiac myofibroblast chemotaxis, contraction, and proliferation were sensitive to different pharmacologic treatments suggesting that regulation of transplasmalemmal calcium movements may be important in growth factor receptor-mediated processes. NCX1 may represent an important moiety in suppression of myofibroblast functions.
Fabric Force Sensors for the Clinical Breast Examination Simulator. (2016)

Sensor enabled simulators may help in training and assessing clinical skill. Their are imitations on the locations current sensors can be placed without interfering with the clinical examination. In this study novel fabric force sensors were developed and tested. These sensors are soft and flexible and undetectable when placed in different locations in the simulator. Five sensors were added to our current sensor enabled breast simulator. Eight participants performed the clinical breast examination on the simulator and documented their findings. There was a significant relationship for both clinical breast examination time (r(6) = 0.99, p < 0.001) and average force (r(6) = 0.92, p < 0.005) between our current sensors and the new fabric sensors. In addition the senors were not noticed by the participants. These new sensors provide new methods to measure and assess clinical skill and performance.
Named entity discovery using comparable news articles (2004)

In this paper we describe a way to discover Named Entities by using the distribution of words in news articles. Named Entity recognition is an important task for today's natural language applications, but it still suffers from data sparseness. We used an observation that a Named Entity is likely to appear synchronously in several news articles, whereas a common noun is less likely. Exploiting this characteristic, we successfully obtained rare Named Entities with 90% accuracy just by comparing time series distributions of a word in two newspapers. Although the achieved recall is not sufficient yet, we believe that this method can be used to strengthen the lexical knowledge of a Named Entity tagger.
Simulation of Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for liquid food sterilization with various distance of the electrodes gap (2011)

This paper presents the simulation results of the Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHMI) with various distance of the electrodes gap in liquid food sterilization using pulsed electric field (PEF). The utilization of the difference gap between the electrodes allow the system to reduce the applied voltage of the HVDC power supply, while fulfilling the requirements for effective liquid food sterilization. Thus it can reduce power consumption and will reduce cost. In this paper, the CHMI circuit has been simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and the distance of the electrodes gap has been simulated using Quickfield simulation software. Peak output voltage 1.2 kV, 2.4 kV and 6 kV with gap distance 0.1 cm, 0.2 cm and 0.5 cm respectively has been obtained in which the values can produce electric field strength of up to 12 kV/cm. All of the specifications meet the requirements for liquid food sterilization, particularly inactivate saccharomyces cerevisiae spoilage microorganisms in pineapple juice.
Dielectric spectroscopy for bioanalysis: From 40 Hz to 26.5 GHz in a microfabricated wave guide (2001)

We report developing coplanar waveguide devices which can perform dielectric spectroscopy on biological samples within a microfluidic channel or well. Since coupling to the fluid sample is capacitive, no surface functionalization or chemical sample preparation are required. Data on cell suspensions and solutions of proteins and nucleic acids spanning the frequency range from 40 Hz to 26.5 GHz are presented. Low-frequency data are well explained using a simple dispersion model. At microwave frequencies, the devices yield reproducible and distinguishable spectral responses for hemoglobin solution and live E. coli.
Channel access protocols for Ku-band VSAT networks: a comparative evaluation (1988)

The performance of candidate protocols for first-generation Ku-band very small aperture terminal (VSAT) satellite networks is compared. The goal is to assist the process of selecting a protocol. The performance comparison is carried out over a range of possible traffic, channel and satellite parameters, leading to an understanding of the appropriate regime for each of the protocols under consideration. The protocols considered are unslotted Aloha, slotted Aloha, selective-reject (SRE) Aloha, and demand-assigned time-division multiple-access (TDMA) or DAMA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel unusually stable peroxotitanium(IV) compounds. Molecular and crystal structure of peroxobis(picolinato)(hexamethylphosphoric triamide)titanium(IV) (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel unusually stable peroxotitanium(IV) compounds. Molecular and crystal structure of peroxobis(picolinato)(hexamethylphosphoric triamide)titanium(IV)Hubert Mimoun, Michele Postel, Francis Casabianca, Jean Fischer, and Andre MitschlerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 4, 1303–1306Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00134a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00134a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
American Sign Language interpreter system for deaf and dumb individuals (2014)

The proposed scheme recognizes and interprets American Sign Language symbols that have static gestures. The system provides an opportunity for deaf and dumb individuals to communicate and learn using computers. American Sign Language is a widely used and accepted standard for communication by people with hearing and speaking impairments. The proposed system recognizes and translates static hand gesture of alphabets in AS L into textual output. This text can further be converted into speech. The user of the system is free from data acquisition devices. The concepts of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are used on the static gesture images of the AS L alphabet. The PCA features extracted from the image are used to classify the image into one of the AS L alphabet. The recognition of AS L gestures results in a textual output and is then can be converted into speech. Thus, the scheme helps the hearing and speech impaired to talk using computers.
Ring-Opening Polymerizations: Mechanism of Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone (1977)

The first synthesis of ε-caprolactone was reported by Carothers (1). He also investigated its polymerization under the influence of heat and catalysts. Since then the polymerizations of this as well as that of other lactones were studied by many researchers. Throughout the 1950's to the 1970's the polymer formation and its properties were the subject of several investigations in our laboratories (2-5). Union Carbide is presently the commercial producer of the monomer and of a series of polymers which range in molecular weights from 500 to 40,000. The starting ε-caprolactone is produced by the peracetic acid oxidation of cyclohexanone as shown in Equation (I). In spite of the number of investigations that were devoted to the polymerization of lactone 3, the exact mechanism whereby the polymer is formed is still not entirely clear. It is the purpose of this paper to present the various factors that influence the reaction and
Mechanism of the inhibition of mutagenicity of a benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide by riboflavin 5'-phosphate. (1982)

Riboflavin 5'-phosphate (flavin mononucleotide; FMN) inhibits the mutagenicity of (+/-)-7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P diol epoxide), the only known ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene. Coincubation of 10, 25, and 50 nmol of FMN with strain TA100 of histidine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium inhibits the mutagenicity of 0.05 nmol of the diol epoxide by 50, 70, and 90%, respectively. Ribose 5-phosphate and riboflavin show no significant effects at comparable doses. Reaction of B[a]P diol epoxide with FMN in aqueous solution at neutral pH produces only tetraols, with no evidence for covalent adducts. At pH 7 the rate of hydrolysis of B[a]P diol epoxide in dioxane/water, 1:9 (vol/vol), at 25 degrees C is increased more than 10-fold in the presence of 100 muM FMN. Spectrophotometric studies and quantitative rate data for the reaction of the diol epoxide with FMN indicate that a complex is formed between the diol epoxide and the flavin moiety of FMN (Ke = 1,400-3,400 M-1) prior to general acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the epoxide to tetraols by the phosphate monoanion of FMN. Comparable concentrations of ribose 5-phosphate and riboflavin do not significantly increase the rate of hydrolysis, although evidence for complex formation between riboflavin and the diol epoxide is observed. General acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of bay-region polycyclic hydrocarbon diol epoxides by compounds that have a high affinity for these ultimate carcinogens represents a potentially useful way of inhibiting their carcinogenic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of New Polyprenyl Hydroquinone Derivatives from Tropical Marine Sponge Ircinia sp. (2012)

Abstract isolation and structure elucidation of three new polyprenyl chromenes (I)
A First-in-Human Phase I Study of a Bivalent MET Antibody, Emibetuzumab (LY2875358), as Monotherapy and in Combination with Erlotinib in Advanced Cancer (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> The MET/HGF pathway regulates cell proliferation and survival and is dysregulated in multiple tumors. Emibetuzumab (LY2875358) is a bivalent antibody that inhibits HGF-dependent and HGF-independent MET signaling. Here, we report dose escalation results from the first-in-human phase I trial of emibetuzumab.<b>Experimental Design:</b> The study comprised a 3+3 dose escalation for emibetuzumab monotherapy (Part A) and in combination with erlotinib (Part A2). Emibetuzumab was administered i.v. every 2 weeks (Q2W) using a flat dosing scheme. The primary objective was to determine a recommended phase II dose (RPTD) range; secondary endpoints included tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and antitumor activity.<b>Results:</b> Twenty-three patients with solid tumors received emibetuzumab monotherapy at 20, 70, 210, 700, 1,400, and 2,000 mg and 14 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients at 700, 1,400, and 2,000 mg in combination with erlotinib 150 mg daily. No dose-limiting toxicities and related serious or ≥ grade 3 adverse events were observed. The most common emibetuzumab-related adverse events included mild diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, and mild to moderate fatigue, anorexia, and hypocalcemia in combination with erlotinib. Emibetuzumab showed linear PK at doses >210 mg. Three durable partial responses were observed, one for emibetuzumab (700 mg) and two for emibetuzumab + erlotinib (700 mg and 2,000 mg). Both of the responders to emibetuzumab + erlotinib had progressed to prior erlotinib and were positive for MET protein tumor expression.<b>Conclusions:</b> Based on tolerability, PK/PD analysis, and preliminary clinical activity, the RPTD range for emibetuzumab single agent and in combination with erlotinib is 700 to 2,000 mg i.v. Q2W. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1910-9. ©2016 AACR</i>.
A suggested mechanism for silicon direct bonding from studying hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces (1992)

Silicon direct bonding (SDB) between both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces was studied by measuring the surface energies. Without annealing, roughly the same energies were measured for both types of surfaces. The strongest bonds were achieved for hydrophobic surfaces, annealed at 600 degrees C and above. The established mechanism for SDB, where OH groups are held responsible for the initial attraction force, cannot explain bonding between hydrophobic surfaces where almost no OH groups are present. By calculating the surface energy/mole, and comparing this to data for hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, a novel mechanism for SDB is proposed where the initial attraction is due to van der Waals forces.
Case 37-1994 (1994)

Presentation of CaseA newborn boy was admitted to the hospital because of petechiae and massive splenomegaly.The infant was born in the 39th week of the sixth pregnancy of a woman 35 years old. The pregnancy was complicated only by a febrile illness with vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration during the third month. There was no evidence of fetal distress, and the baby was vigorous; the Apgar score was 8 at both one minute and five minutes. The birth weight was appropriate for the gestational age. In the nursery abdominal distention and petechiae were observed. Hematologic studies were performed ( . . .
INHIBITION OF COMPLEMENT, EVOKED ANTIBODY, AND CELLULAR RESPONSE PREVENTS REJECTION OF PIG-TO-PRIMATE CARDIAC XENOGRAFTS1 (1996)

Complement (C) inhibition alone using a recombinant soluble form of complement receptor type 1 (sCR1) prevents hyperacute rejection but not subsequent irreversible accelerated acute rejection of discordant pig-to-cynomolgus monkey cardiac xenografts, which occurs within 1 week. To inhibit accelerated acute rejection, which is associated with a rise in serum xenoreactive antibody (Ab) and a cellular infiltrate, triple therapy with standard immunosuppressive agents (cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, and steroids [CCS]) was combined with continuous C inhibition using sCR1. Each of two monkeys that received sCR1 + CCS showed minimal evidence of rejection when killed on days 21 and 32 in comparison to a monkey that received sCR1 + subtherapeutic CCS (rejected at 11 days) and a control that received CCS alone (rejected at 38 min). Prolonged xenograft survival was associated with low Ab levels and a minimal cellular infiltrate, suggesting that combined inhibition of C, xenoreactive Ab responses, and cellular immunity may be a useful approach in overcoming the immune barriers to discordant xenotransplantation.
A 20-Gb/s Full-Rate Linear Clock and Data Recovery Circuit With Automatic Frequency Acquisition (2009)

A 20-Gb/s full-rate clock and data recovery circuit employing a mixer-type linear phase detector and automatic frequency locking technique is described. The phase detector achieves high-speed operation by mixing the clock with the data-transition pulses, providing output proportional to the phase error. The frequency acquisition loop utilizes the data phases rather than the clock phases to distill the frequency difference, and no external reference is used in this design. Fabricated in 90-nm CMOS technology, this circuit reveals rms and peak-to-peak jitter of 480 fs and 4.22 ps in response to a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> -1 PRBS on the recovered clock while consuming 154 mW from a 1.5-V supply.