gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Error probability of reduced-state sequence estimation for trellis-coded modulation on intersymbol interference channels (2002)

The error probability of reduced-state sequence estimation (RSSE) for trellis-coded modulation on intersymbol interference channels is evaluated. In the literature, the minimum distance of ideal RSSE (without error propagation) has been used for approximating the error probability of real RSSE, but this approximation can be very poor. A union bound on the error probability for ideal RSSE is shown to provide a much better approximation than the minimum distance. A method based on an error super-state diagram and a stack algorithm is proposed for calculating the union bound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance characterization of image understanding algorithms (1996)

Image Understanding (IU) Systems are complex and they are composed of different algorithms applied in sequence. A system for model-based recognition has three essential components: feature extraction, grouping and model matching. In each of these components, tuning parameters (thresholds) are often used. These parameters have been traditionally chosen by trial and error or from empirical data. In this dissertation we discuss a methodology for the analysis and design of IU algorithms and systems that follows sound systems engineering principles. We illustrate how the algorithm parameters can be optimally selected for a given image understanding algorithm sequence that accomplishes an IU task. The essential steps for each of the algorithm components involved are: component identification (performance characterization), and application domain characterization (achieved by an annotation). There is an optimization step that is used to optimize a criterion function relevant to the final task.
Performance characterization of an algorithm involves the establishment of the correspondence between random perturbations in the input to the random perturbations in the output. This involves the setup of the model for the output random perturbations for a given ideal input model and input random perturbation model.
Given these models and a criterion function, it is possible to characterize the performance of the algorithm as a function of its tuning parameters and automatically set the tuning parameters. The specification of the model for the population of ideal input data varies with problem domain. Domain-specific prior information on the parameters that describe the ideal input data is gathered during the annotation step. Appropriate theoretical approximations for the prior distributions are then specified, validated and utilized in computing the performance of the algorithm over the entire input population. Tuning parameters are selected to optimize the performance over the input population.
Emergency Lane-Change Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles (1998)

This paper addresses the issue of collision avoidance using lane-change maneuvers. Of particular interest is to determine the minimum distance beyond which an obstacle cannot be avoided at a given initial speed. Using a planar bicycle model, we first compute the sharpest dynamically feasible maneuver by minimizing the longitudinal distance of a lane transition, assuming given initial and free final speeds. The minimum distance to an obstacle is then determined from the path traced by the optimal maneuver. Plotting the minimum distance in the phase plane establishes the clearance curve, a valuable tool for planning emergency maneuvers. For the bicycle model, the clearance curve is shown to closely correlate with the straight line produced by a point mass model. Examples demonstrate the use of the clearance curve for planning safe avoidance maneuvers.
Spectral approximation to point set similarity metric (2013)

In a variety of problems, objects are represented as a collection of feature points {f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</inf> } and their spatial positions {p <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</inf> }. In some cases, feature points doesn't carry enough discriminating information to identify objects so as to raise the question of point set verification, i.e., matching two point sets to identify whether they are match or not. Point set verification problem involves two challenges. The first challenge is to identify a one-to-one mapping between two point sets and the second is to measure the similarity between the two aligned point sets. The first challenge is a well-known one-to-one mapping problem in computer vision with a combinatorial nature and computationally expensive. However, we are able to avoid the computation of one-to-one mapping by directly giving a matching similarity score. The second challenge is attacked with lots of solutions, which shares two disadvantages, i.e., sensitive to both outliners and affine transform. These two challenges are solved simultaneously by our eigenvalue approximation solution. In this work, the point sets are modeled as affinity matrix and the distances between affinity matrices of two point sets are lower bounded by eigenvalue distance. This affinity representation is invariant to scale, translation and rotation and insensitive to outliners and affine transforms. Experiments on both synthetic data and real data shows that this method outperforms both statistics based and geometry based methods.
Chemical Composition and Mosquito Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oils from Leaves of Different <i>Cinnamomum osmophloeum</i> Provenances (2004)

Chemical compositions of leaf essential oils from eight provenances of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh.) were compared. According to GC-MS and cluster analyses, the leaf essential oils of the eight provenances and their relative contents were classified into five chemotypes-cinnamaldehyde type, linalool type, camphor type, cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type, and mixed type. The larvicidal activities of leaf essential oils and their constituents from the five chemotypes of indigenous cinnamon trees were evaluated by mosquito larvicidal assay. Results of larvicidal tests demonstrated that the leaf essential oils of cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type had an excellent inhibitory effect against the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. The LC(50) values for cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type against A. aegypti larvae in 24 h were 36 ppm (LC(90) = 79 ppm) and 44 ppm (LC(90) = 85 ppm), respectively. Results of the 24-h mosquito larvicidal assays also showed that the effective constituents in leaf essential oils were cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, anethole, and cinnamyl acetate and that the LC(50) values of these constituents against A. aegypti larvae were <50 ppm. Cinnamaldehyde had the best mosquito larvicidal activity, with an LC(50) of 29 ppm (LC(90) = 48 ppm) against A. aegypti. Comparisons of mosquito larvicidal activity of cinnamaldehyde congeners revealed that cinnamaldehyde exhibited the strongest mosquito larvicidal activity.
PP.39.02 (2015)

Objective: To investigate the distribution of etiologies of renal artery stenosis in Chinese inpatients diagnosed with renal artery stenosis. Design and method: We retrospectively analyzed the etiology of RAS in 2047 consecutive inpatients diagnosed with RAS. Patients presented for hypertension work-up at Fuwai hospital between March, 1999 and June, 2014. Results: Atherosclerosis was the cause of RAS in 1668 (81.5%) patients, Takayasu's arteritis (TA) in 259 (12.7%) patients, FMD in 86 (4.2%) patients, other causes were present in 34 (1.6%) patients. There was an obvious increase with age in the proportion of atherosclerotic RAS (P < 0.01). In patients aged less than 40 years (n = 319) the predominant etiology of RAS was TA (60.5%), followed by FMD (24.8%). In patients aged over 40 years (n = 1728) the major cause of RAS was atherosclerosis(94.7%), followed by TA(3.8%). The proportion of TA and FMD in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients (P < 0.01). In female patients aged less than 40 years (n = 215), the top three etiologies of RAS were TA (68.4%), FMD (27.9%) and atherosclerosis (1.4%). In male patients aged less than 40 years (n = 104), the order of the etiology of RAS was TA (44.2%), atherosclerosis (26.9%) and FMD (18.3%). Conclusions: This patient analysis showed atherosclerosis, TA and FMD were successively the top three causes of RAS in a Chinese population. Age and gender had a significant effect on the distribution of etiologies of RAS.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α‐Substituted β‐Ketoesters Catalyzed by Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenases: Access to Enantiopure α‐Hydroxy Esters (2011)

BVMOs make a play: The dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic α-alkyl-β-ketoesters was performed through a selective Baeyer–Villiger oxidation employing different Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) in mild basic media. The product diesters were obtained with excellent yields and enantioselectivities, and used as precursors for optically active α-hydroxy esters.
Cryopreservation of fish spermatozoa : Effect of cooling methods on the reproducibility of cooling rates and viability (1996)

On examine les pratiques actuelles dans le domaine du stockage commercial de grands volumes de laitances de fletan et de saumon de l'Atlantique congeles a des temperatures negatives (-4°C), en vue de la gestion des gametes et de la production optimale des semences. L'optimisation des variables interliees, comme les techniques de collecte, la configuration des recipients, la composition etendue, la temperature et la methodologie de conservation, ainsi que le rapport sperme/oeufs, peut permettre a la duree de conservation des laitances du fletan et du saumon de l'Atlantique de depasser les 50 jours. Pour une conservation a plus long terme, la cryoconservation des gametes est necessaire. Les banques de sperme congele pourraient jouer un role decisif dans la gestion des ressources genetiques. Divers taux de reussite ont ete signale pour des spermatozoides de plus de 200 especes. Malgre le grand nombre de protocoles de cryoconservation existants, les composants de la cryoconservation restent les memes : la laitance est etendue avec, comme base physiologique, une solution saline contenant 7-10 % de sulfoxyde dimethylique, methanol ou glycerol, refroidis en paillettes ou sous formes de pastilles sur de la glace seche, ou, plus couramment, dans de la vapeur d'azote liquide ; une fois sortis de l'azote liquide, ils sont rapidement rechauffes dans un bain d'eau a 20-40°C. Les taux de reussite et l'efficacite des protocoles de cryoconservation varient en fonction de facteurs interlies, comme la qualite de la laitance avant congelation, les conditions de conservation, celles de l'emballage, les methodes et les vitesses de refroidissement, les vitesses de rechauffement et la gestion des laitances decongelees. Ces facteurs interlies sont examines analytiquement, en insistant sur l'influence des methodes de refroidissement sur la reproductibilite des protocoles et les progres recents en matiere des techniques de cryoconservation. L'optimisation de ces facteurs et la maitrise des vitesses de refroidissement ont permis des taux de fecondite proches de ceux des temoins ; au cours des essais de cryoconservation de saumon a grande echelle avec des paillettes de 5 ml, on peut produire pres de 3500 oeufs oeilles/paillette.
No Age-Related Change in Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Healthy Subjects (2006)

Endothelial progenitor cells were isolated from peripheral blood obtained from 32 healthy volunteers without cardiovascular risk factors who ranged in age from 20 to 61 years (mean [+/- SD] age, 34.1 +/- 9.6 years). The fractions of CD34(+) endothelial progenitor cells expressing kinase insert domain receptor-1, CD62E, or CD31 were analyzed with flow cytometry. Correlation analysis demonstrated that there was no significant correlation between subject age and the fraction of circulating CD34(+) mononuclear cells expressing kinase insert domain receptor-1 (P = 0.324; r = -0.180). Similarly, there was no significant correlation between subject age and the fraction of circulating CD34(+) mononuclear cells expressing CD62E (P = 0.496; r = -0.125) or the fraction of circulating CD34(+) mononuclear cells expressing CD31 (P = 0.245; r = -0.212). In conclusion, the experimental results showed that there was no age-related change in the basal level of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in healthy subjects without cardiovascular risk factors.
Doing the laundry with agents: a field trial of a future smart energy system in the home (2014)

Future energy systems that rely on renewable energy may bring about a radical shift in how we use energy in our homes. We developed and prototyped a future scenario with highly variable, real-time electricity prices due to a grid that mainly relies on renewables. We designed and deployed an agent-based interactive system that enables users to effectively operate the washing machine in this scenario. The system is used to book timeslots of washing machine use so that the agent can help to minimize the cost of a wash by charging a battery at times when electricity is cheap. We carried out a deployment in 10 households in order to uncover the socio-technical challenges around integrating new technologies into everyday routines. The findings reveal tensions that arise when deploying a rationalistic system to manage contingently and socially organized domestic practices. We discuss the trade-offs between utility and convenience inherent in smart grid applications; and illustrate how certain design choices position applications along this spectrum.
Uncoupling of cardiac cells by doxyl stearic acids specificity and mechanism of action (1989)

The influence of doxyl stearic acids (DSAs) on gap junctional conductance (gj) between pairs of neonatal rat heart cells was studied. DSAs are spin probes that perturb the membrane at different depths depending on position of the doxyl group on the fatty acyl chain. 16-DSA and 12-DSA rapidly and reversibly reduced gj to unmeasureable levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Single channel events observed when gj was low were of the same unitary size as those observed under control conditions. The methyl esters of 16- and 12-DSA, stearic acid itself, and TEMPO, an analogue of the doxyl group that has no fatty acyl chain, had no effect on gj. Protonation of the carboxyl head group (by acidifying the solution) reduced the potency of 16- or 12-DSA. Spontaneous beating activity and action potentials were observed at concentrations of the DSAs 15-20 times that necessary for uncoupling. These results indicate that uncoupling by the DSAs requires the presence of the charged carboxyl group and localized perturbation of the channel at the lipid-channel interface by the doxyl group. Furthermore, they predict that unsaturated free fatty acids, which accumulate during ischemia, may exert their arrhythmogenic effect by reducing gj, and thereby slowing conduction.
Phospholamban Is Present in Endothelial Cells and Modulates Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation (1999)

Vascular endothelial cells regulate vascular smooth muscle tone through Ca2+-dependent production and release of vasoactive molecules. Phospholamban (PLB) is a 24- to 27-kDa phosphoprotein that modulates activity of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). Expression of PLB is reportedly limited to cardiac, slow-twitch skeletal and smooth muscle in which PLB is an important regulator of [Ca2+]i and contractility in these muscles. In the present study, we report the existence of PLB in the vascular endothelium, a nonmuscle tissue, and provide functional data on PLB regulation of vascular contractility through its actions in the endothelium. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was attenuated in aorta of PLB-deficient (PLB-KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls. This effect was not due to actions of nitric oxide on the smooth muscle, because sodium nitroprusside-mediated relaxation in either denuded or endothelium-intact aortas was unaffected by PLB ablation. Relative to denuded vessels, relaxation to forskolin was enhanced in WT endothelium-intact aortas. The endothelium-dependent component of this relaxation was attenuated in PLB-KO aortas. To investigate whether these changes were due to PLB, WT mouse aorta endothelial cells were isolated. Both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses revealed the presence of PLB in endothelial cells, which were shown to be >98% pure by diI-acetylated LDL uptake and nuclear counterstaining. These data indicate that PLB is present and modulates vascular function as a result of its actions in endothelial cells. The presence of PLB in endothelial cells opens new fields for investigation of Ca2+ regulatory pathways in nonmuscle cells and for modulation of endothelial-vascular interactions.
Critical roles of the immunoglobulin intronic enhancers in maintaining the sequential rearrangement of <i>IgH</i> and <i>Igk</i> loci (2006)

V(D)J recombination of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (IgH) and light chain genes occurs sequentially in the pro- and pre-B cells. To identify cis-elements that dictate this order of rearrangement, we replaced the endogenous matrix attachment region/Igk intronic enhancer (MiE(kappa)) with its heavy chain counterpart (Emu) in mice. This replacement, denoted EmuR, substantially increases the accessibility of both V(kappa) and J(kappa) loci to V(D)J recombinase in pro-B cells and induces Igk rearrangement in these cells. However, EmuR does not support Igk rearrangement in pre-B cells. Similar to that in MiE(kappa)(-/-) pre-B cells, the accessibility of V(kappa) segments to V(D)J recombinase is considerably reduced in EmuR pre-B cells when compared with wild-type pre-B cells. Therefore, Emu and MiE(kappa) play developmental stage-specific roles in maintaining the sequential rearrangement of IgH and Igk loci by promoting the accessibility of V, D, and J loci to the V(D)J recombinase.
Physiology and Structure of Three New Uropod Proprioceptors in the Crayfish <i>Procambarus Clarkii</i> (1990)

ABSTRACT Three new chordotonal organs are described: APCO for the abdominal-proto-podite joint, PExCO for the protopodite-exopodite joint and PEnCO for the protopodite-endopodite joint of the crayfish uropod. The PEnCO is a distinct strand chordotonal organ, while the APCO and PExCO are webbed structures arising from peripheral nerve roots 2 and 3 of the terminal abdominal ganglion, in which some of their somata are located (‘root cells’). Physiological experiments showed that the organs monitor position and movement at all three joints. Position monitoring is limited to open angles of the exopodite and extended angles of the protopodite (no limits on endopodite position sensitivity). Distinct hysteresis is shown by most position-sensitive units. The abdomen-protopodite joint is monitored through four orders of velocity magnitude, while the exopodite and endopodite, which are involved in tailfan flare, are primarily monitored at high movement velocities. Large, phasic units in all three chordotonal organs (COs) can monitor continuous, high-velocity movement with little adaptation. These results are discussed in relation to known motor control mechanisms for crayfish uropods during swimming, walking, escape and righting behaviours.
Reinforcement learning using back-propagation as a building block (1991)

A novel unsupervised reinforcement learning rule is introduced, based on the use of the supervised backpropagation algorithm as a component building block. The learning rule is easy to understand and implement in software and builds on the accumulated experience of researchers using backpropagation. Unlike most reinforcement learning systems, the new rule can operate with either continuously valued or binary outputs. It is very tolerant with respect to a wide variety of performance measures and is unrestricted in range and variability. The technique should find application in most reinforcement learning situations but should have particular benefit for learning control systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Arterial stiffness and hypertension (2018)

Measures of the functional and structural properties of blood vessels can be used to assess preclinical stage of vascular disorders. Recent experimental and population studies show that arterial stiffening precedes development of high blood pressure, and can be used to predict future cardiovascular events. Arterial stiffness was also shown to be reversible in several experimental models of various conditions. Since reversing arterial stiffness could prevent development of hypertension and other clinical conditions, understanding the biological mechanisms of arterial stiffening and investigating potential therapeutic interventions to modulate arterial stiffness are important research topics. For research and application in general clinical settings, it is an important step to develop reliable devices and a standardized arterial stiffness measurement protocol.
Rat skeletal muscle selenoprotein W: cDNA clone and mRNA modulation by dietary selenium. (1995)

Rat skeletal muscle selenoprotein W cDNA was isolated and sequenced. The isolation strategy involved design of degenerate PCR primers from reverse translation of a partial peptide sequence. A reverse transcription-coupled PCR product from rat muscle mRNA was used to screen a muscle cDNA library prepared from selenium-supplemented rats. The cDNA sequence confirmed the known protein primary sequence, including a selenocysteine residue encoded by TGA, and identified residues needed to complete the protein sequence. RNA folding algorithms predict a stem-loop structure in the 3' untranslated region of the selenoprotein W mRNA that resembles selenocysteine insertion sequence (SE-CIS) elements identified in other selenocysteine coding cDNAs. Dietary regulation of selenoprotein W mRNA was examined in rat muscle. Dietary selenium at 0.1 ppm as selenite increased muscle mRNA 4-fold relative to a selenium-deficient diet. Higher dietary selenium produced no further increase in mRNA levels.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences (2026)

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN:2319-7692(Print), ISSN:2319-7706(Online) is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal with reputable academics and experts as members of its Editorial Board. The Current Microbiology aims to publish all the latest and outstanding research articles. Review and letters in all areas of major importance to techniques of microbiology and applied research with publishes high quality of review and research articles on novel aspects of Microbiology including Environmental, Food, Agricultural, Medical, Pharmaceutical, Veterinary, Soil, Water and Biodeterioration.
Fibroproliferative disorders and diabetes: Understanding the pathophysiologic relationship between Peyronie’s disease, Dupuytren disease and diabetes (2020)

Studies have not been performed to identify fibroproliferative pathways that all 3 conditions might have in common, but data suggest that common pathways are involved in the fibroproliferative processes of Peyronie's disease, Dupuytren disease, and diabetes.