gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel inherited mutations and variable expressivity of BRCA1 alleles, including the founder mutation 185delAG in Ashkenazi Jewish families. (1995)

Thirty-seven families with four or more cases of breast cancer or breast and ovarian cancer were analyzed for mutations in BRCA1. Twelve different germ-line mutations, four novel and eight previously observed, were detected in 16 families. Five families of Ashkenazi Jewish descent carried the 185delAG mutation and shared the same haplotype at eight polymorphic markers spanning approximately 850 kb at BRCA1. Expressivity of 185delAG in these families varied, from early-onset breast cancer without ovarian cancer. Mutation 4184delTCAA occurred independently in two families. In one family, penetrance was complete, with females developing early-onset breast cancer or ovarian cancer and the male carrier developing prostatic cancer, whereas, in the other family, penetrance was incomplete and only breast cancer occurred, diagnosed at ages 38-81 years. Two novel nonsense mutations led to the loss of mutant BRCA1 transcript in families with 10 and 6 cases of early-onset breast cancer and ovarian cancer. A 665-nt segment of the BRCA1 3'-UTR and 1.3 kb of genomic sequence including the putative promoter region were invariant by single-strand conformation analysis in 13 families without coding-sequence mutations. Overall in our series, BRCA1 mutations have been detected in 26 families: 16 with positive BRCA1 lod scores, 7 with negative lod scores (reflecting multiple sporadic breast cancers), and 3 not tested for linkage. Three other families have positive lod scores for linkage to BRCA2, but 13 families without detected BRCA1 mutations have negative lod scores for both BRCA1 and BRCA2.
Measuring the enhancement factor of the hyperpolarized Xe in nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes (2021)

In atomic gyroscopes, measuring the effective noble-gas magnetic field enables the determination of the noble-gas polarization. The enhancement factor is introduced to relate the effective magnetic field and the polarization in a certain magnetic-field environment. Earlier experiments concentrate on the strong magnetic-field environment for measuring the spin-exchange cross section precisely, so the results on the enhancement factor in the weak magnetic field are still insufficient. In our nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope based on Cs-$^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ and -$^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$, the magnetic field is usually set to 1--10 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{T}$. In this paper, we measure the effective magnetic field and the polarization of Xe atoms to estimate the Cs-Xe enhancement factor in the weak magnetic field of 2.5 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{T}$ and give the estimation of the Cs-$^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ enhancement factor of $(1.60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$.
Development and Evaluation of a Chromatographic Procedure for Partial Purification of Substance P with Quantitation by an Enzyme Immunoassay (1998)

We have developed a simple chromatographic procedure for the partial purification of substance P (SP) from acidified plasma and serum samples. We have evaluated a sensitive antigen competition enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the quantitation of SP. The chromatographic procedure has recovery efficiencies ranging from 94.8 to 125%. The immunoreactivity of unknown amounts of purified SP subjected to the preparative procedure yielded a coefficient of variance of 9.4%. The EIA yielded reproducible standard curves having an interassay (n = 8) correlation coefficient of 0.984. The evaluation of normal adult control serum yielded a mean value of 51 pg/ml (range, 35 to 61 pg/ml). The evaluation of 3.33 x concentrates of serum-derived partially purified SP provided uncorrected SP values of 117 to 201 pg/ml, which fell within the midpoint of the three-decalog standard curve. These studies indicate that both the preparative and quantitative procedures are required for the detection of SP in plasma or serum samples collected from patients with several clinical disorders.
Prostaglandins E<sub>1</sub>and E<sub>2</sub>, but not F<sub>2α</sub>or Latanoprost, Inhibit Monkey Ciliary Muscle Contraction (2005)

Our results indicate that PGF2alpha and latanoprost acid do not interact with the prostanoid receptor involved at the pre- and/or postsynaptic site. Therefore, it is unlikely that the hypotensive action by these agents is due to relaxation of the ciliary muscle.
Amorphous polyphosphate/amorphous calcium carbonate implant material with enhanced bone healing efficacy in a critical-size defect in rats (2016)

In this study the effect of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) microparticles and amorphous calcium polyphosphate (polyP) microparticles (termed aCa-polyP-MP) on bone mineral forming cells/tissue was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The ACC particles (termed ACC-P10-MP) were prepared in the presence of Na-polyP. Only the combinations of polyP and ACC microparticles enhanced the proliferation rate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Gene expression studies revealed that ACC causes an upregulation of the expression of the cell membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX; formation of ACC), while the transcript level of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP; liberation of orthophosphate from polyP) changes only relatively little. In contrast, aCa-polyP-MP primarily induces ALP expression. If both components are applied together a strong stimulation of expression of both marker genes is observed. In order to investigate whether ACC also enhances bone regeneration induced by polyP in vivo, the particles were encapsulated into PLGA (poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)) microspheres (diameter ~800 μm) and implanted into rat critical-size calvarial defects. The studies revealed that animals that received aCa-polyP-MP microspheres showed an increased rate of regeneration compared to β-tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) controls. This effect is even accelerated if microspheres with both aCa-polyP-MP and ACC-P10-MP (1 : 1 weight ratio) are applied, resulting in an almost complete restoration of the defect area after 12 weeks. qRT-PCR analyses of tissue sections through the regeneration zone with microspheres containing both aCa-polyP-MP and ACC-P10-MP revealed a significantly higher upregulation of expression of the marker genes compared to each of the components alone. The Young's moduli for microspheres containing aCa-polyP-MP (1.74 MPa) and aCa-polyP-MP/ACC-P10-MP (2.38 MPa) were markedly higher compared to β-TCP-controls (0.63 mPa). Our results show that the combined application of ACC and Ca-polyP (both in the amorphous state) opens new strategies for the development of regenerative implants for the reconstruction of bone defects.
Recent Development in Clay Based Functional Coating for Corrosion Protection (2013)

There is a large variety of techniques available to protect metals from various types of corrosion. Till date chromate containing metal coatings is one of the most commonly used methods. Layered clays are basically of two types depending on the type of ion exchange capacity. In the recent years different researchers demonstrated the use of such cation/ anionic clays as potential nanocontainers for the inhibitors. These nanocontainers can be used in the coating to induce self-repairing capacity when the coating surface is damaged. Due to the disturbance in the pH and availability of chloride ions clay based nanocontainers can release the inhibitor to protect the surface. In the recent year use of anionic clay like hydrotalcites or layered double hydroxides are much studied in comparison to cationic clay like montmorillonite. This review critically analysed the potential of these clay in the future development of self-healing coating.
Association studies of variants in promoter and coding regions of beta‐cell ATP‐sensitive K‐channel genes <i>SUR1</i> and <i>Kir6.2</i> with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (UKPDS 53) (2001)

There is no support at present for mutations in either Kir6.2 or SUR1 promoter sequences contributing to Type 2 diabetes. However, the minimal promoter region of SUR1 has yet to be investigated. The E23K variant of Kir6.2 is associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UKPDS cohort.
Effect of transfer pressure on die attach film void performance (2009)

With the development of high density packages, the space from die edge to bond finger is shrunk and challenge comes into being for liquid-type adhesive correspondingly due to its bleed-out. Die attach film (DAF) as alternative has being widely used with its good control of bleed, consistent bond line thickness (BLT) and simplified operation. However void at the interface between die and substrate is one of major concerns. There are many factors contributed to void performance including DAF material property, substrate surface condition, die attach parameters and so on. In this paper, the effect of transfer pressure on void performance in a ball grid array plastic package is focused on. Simultaneously the characteristic of DAF void and its formation/reduction mechanism also are investigated. It was found that the DAF voids occur at substrate/film interface with fixed location and similar pattern. They can be reduced significantly by enhancement of transfer pressure during molding process, which can be explained that gap on substrate surface is filled furthest by film under high transfer pressure.
Limited tumor infiltration by activated T effector cells restricts the therapeutic activity of regulatory T cell depletion against established melanoma (2008)

Interference with inhibitory immunological checkpoints controlling T cell activation provides new opportunities to augment cancer immunotherapies. Whereas cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 blockade has shown promising preclinical and clinical results, therapeutic CD4(+)CD25(+) T reg cell depletion has failed to consistently enhance immune-based therapies. Using B16/BL6, a transplantable murine melanoma model, we show a dichotomy between the effects of T reg cell depletion on tumor rejection dependent on whether depletion occurs before (prophylactic) or after (therapeutic) tumor engraftment. Failure to promote rejection with therapeutic depletion is not related to lack of T reg cell depletion, to elimination of CD25(+) effector T cells, or to a failure to enhance systemic antitumor T cell responses, but correlates with failure of effector cells to infiltrate the tumor and increase the intratumor ratio of effector T cell/T reg cell. Finally, systemic antitumor responses generated upon therapeutic T reg cell depletion are significantly stronger than those generated in the presence of T reg cells, and are capable of eliciting rejection of established tumors after transfer into immunoablated recipients receiving combination immunotherapy. The data demonstrate a dissociation between measurable systemic responses and tumor rejection during CD25-directed T reg cell depletion, and suggest an alternative, clinically applicable strategy for the treatment of established tumors.
Intermediate Bandgap Solar Cells From Nanostructured Silicon (2014)

This project aimed to demonstrate increased electronic coupling in silicon nanostructures relative to bulk silicon for the purpose of making high efficiency intermediate bandgap solar cells using silicon. To this end, we formed nanowires with controlled crystallographic orientation, small diameter, <111> sidewall faceting, and passivated surfaces to modify the electronic band structure in silicon by breaking down the symmetry of the crystal lattice. We grew and tested these silicon nanowires with <110>-growth axes, which is an orientation that should produce the coupling enhancement.
Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study (2008)

Gray matter tissue damage dominates the pathological process as MS progresses, and underlies neurological disabillity. Imaging correlates of gray matter atrophy indicate that mechanisms differ in RRMS and SPMS. These findings demonstrate the clinical relevance of gray matter atrophy in MS, and underscore the need to understand its causes.
[Local chemotherapy by a sustained-release preparation with fibrin seal against the operative wound in head and neck cancer]. (1995)

Fibrin seal has been used for hemostasis and sealing in operative field of tumors in the head and neck. The authors applied it for drug preparation and tried a local chemotherapy to treat residual and disseminated tumors of cellular level in the operative wound using 5-FU. The drug release rate in this therapy in vitro study was 50% after 24 hrs. When injected to rats bearing Yoshida sarcoma, it exhibited a marked antitumor effect compared to the control group given 5-FU alone. This therapy is easy to make the dosage adjustment and can apply drugs directly to the tumor residue at the high concentration. It will be clinically a useful adjuvant therapy for radiotherapy, surgery or chemotherapy.
Targeted disruption of Nemo‐like kinase inhibits tumor cell growth by simultaneous suppression of cyclin D1 and CDK2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (2010)

The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway regulates various aspects of development and plays important role in human carcinogenesis. Nemo-like kinase (NLK), which is mediator of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, phosphorylates T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) factor and inhibits interaction of beta-catenin/TCF complex. Although, NLK is known to be a tumor suppressor in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway of colon cancer, the other events occurring downstream of NLK pathways in other types of cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we identified that expression of NLK was significantly up-regulated in the HCCs compared to corresponding normal tissues in five selected tissue samples. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significant over-expression of NLK in the HCCs. Targeted-disruption of NLK suppressed cell growth and arrested cell cycle transition. Suppression of NLK elicited anti-mitogenic properties of the Hep3B cells by simultaneous inhibition of cyclinD1 and CDK2. The results of this study suggest that NLK is aberrantly regulated in HCC, which might contribute to the mitogenic potential of tumor cells during the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma; this process appears to involve the induction of CDK2 and cyclin D1 and might provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention in patients with liver cancer.
Exoproduct secretions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains influence severity of alveolar epithelial injury (1994)

To determine whether exoenzyme S plays a role in alveolar epithelial injury, two parental strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAK and PA103, were tested that produced large quantities of exoenzyme S. Strains PAK and PA103 differ in the form of exoenzyme S they produce. Strain PAK produces a 53-kDa protein that does not possess ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and large quantities of a 49-kDa protein that expresses ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Strain PA103 produces the 53-kDa protein and low amounts of exoenzyme S activity. A quantitative experimental protocol was used to measure the protein permeability of the alveolar epithelium and the dissemination of the bacteria to the pleural space and circulation. The results indicate that instillation of PAK and PA103 resulted in significant lung injury. Control experiments utilizing isogenic, exoenzyme S-deficient, regulatory mutants in the infection model reduced the lung injury and the dissemination of instilled bacteria. Taken together these results suggest that alveolar epithelial injury correlated with the production of the 53-kDa form of exoenzyme S or other coordinately regulated factors.
A World Wide Web interface to agent-based negotiation (1996)

The work emerges from research started on the CEC R&D project GOAL (Esprit 6283), whose aim was to develop project management tools for extended enterprises, in which participating partners were distributed, heterogeneous and autonomous. As part of this project, we proposed the Cooperation Services Framework (CSF) to support advanced computer-supported co-operative work (CSCW) for project management in extended enterprises. The CSF was intended to be applicable to any open computing environment which spans organizational boundaries, in which there is a networked infrastructure, service providers and service consumers connected to the network, and end users requiring services but not wanting to be bogged down in the details of invocation (e.g. identifying specific service instances, specifying exact parameters, conducting protracted negotiations which are better handled automatically, etc.). We have implemented a demonstrator which uses a form-based World Wide Web (WWW) interface to a distributed middleware system like the CSF, in which a semiautonomous agent negotiates over services with a server via a broker, over the Internet using cgi to connect the WWW server with the middleware.
High-Q copper inductors on standard silicon substrate with a low-k BCB dielectric layer (2003)

High-Q Cu inductors using low-k benzocyclobutene (BCB) dielectric as an interface layer have been fabricated on a standard CMOS-grade silicon substrate. Metal ohmic loss and substrate loss, the two major factors that degrade the Q-factors of on-chip inductors, are suppressed by the employment of electroplated copper and the BCB dielectric, respectively. Quality-factor as high as 25 was obtained for a 1-nH inductor at 2 GHz. The inductor fabrication process is low-cost and low-temperature, making it suitable for post-IC process for high-performance RFIC's and MMIC's.
The Concept and Definition of Dominance in Animal Behaviour (1993)

Abstract The concept of dominance has contributed greatly to our understanding of social structure in animals. Over the past three decades, however, a variety of concepts and definitions of dominance have been introduced, leading to an ongoing debate about the usefulness and meaning of the concept. Criticisms aimed at one definition of dominance do not necessarilly apply to other definitions. Existing definitions can be structural or functional, refer to roles or to agonistic behaviour, regard dominance as a property of individuals or as an attribute of dyadic encounters, concentrate on aggression or on the lack of it, and be based either on theoretical constructs or on observable behaviour. Thirteen definitions of dominance are reviewed, and their usefulness assessed with respect to their descriptive value. The predictive and explanatory values of definitions are specific to the questions asked in each particular study and are not considered as criteria to judge the usefulness of the dominance concept. By virtue of its high descriptive value, the original definition of dominance by SCHJELDERUPP-EBBE (1922, Z.Psychol. 88: 226-252) emerged as the basis to formulate a structural definition with wide applicability and which reflects the essence of the concept: Dominance is an attribute of the pattern of repeated, agonistic interactions between two individuals, characterized by a consistent outcome in favour of the same dyad member and a default yielding response of its opponent rather than escalation. The status of the consistent winner is dominant and that of the loser subordinate. Dominance status refers to dyads while dominance rank, high or low, refers to the position in a hierarchy and, thus, depends on group composition. Dominance is a relative measure and not an absolute property of individuals. The discussion includes reference to the heritability of dominance, application of dominance to groups rather than individuals, and the role of individual recognition and memory during agonistic encounters.
Generalizations respecting the Erratic Tertiaries or Northern Drift, founded on the Mapping of the Superficial Deposits of a large portion of Norfolk (1851)

In exhibiting to the Society a map of the variations of soil over a considerable portion of Norfolk, by which the dependence of those variations on contours is shown, I avail myself of the opportunity to communicate a brief outline of the conclusions to which I have been led, respecting the erratic phaenomena, by a very minute examination of a district where they are well exhibited, and where their place in the geological scale of time is well defined. 

These variations were laid down by me, during parts of the years 1844, 1845, and 1846, on the Ordnance Map—a work which was undertaken as the basis of a paper on the Distribution of Soils, written for the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society*. In that paper I confined myself, as much as possible, to subjects having a practical agricultural interest; reserving others of a purely geological character for publication in some scientific journal. They were embodied, at the request of Sir Henry De la Beche, in a memoir which I prepared in the beginning of 1847, for the Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom; in which the erratic tertiaries of Norfolk were compared with a small portion of those of South Wales, which I had mapped, during part of the preceding summer, for the Government Geological Survey. As various unexpected circumstances have delayed the publication of that paper, and as I understand there is no prospect of its appearing at present, I am desirous of now placing
Prozessdatenverarbeitung- und Regelungstechnik (2003)

Schaut man sich die bereits mehrfach angesprochene Grundstruktur eines mechatronischen Systems in Bild 7-1 an, so sieht man, dass die Beschreibung des Verhaltens eines Teils der Systemkomponenten bereits in den vorausgegangenen Kapiteln erfolgt ist. Die dick umrahmten Systeme sind mechanische Systeme, deren mathematische Behandlung in den Kapiteln 3 und 4 ausführlich durchgeführt wurde. Die hellgrau unterlegten Systeme Sensoren und Aktoren wurden ebenfalls in den Kapiteln 5 und 6 behandelt.
The "Single-conductor and ratch" bubble propagating circuit (1974)

A single-phase vertical-field bubble propagating circuit is described. High-speed bubble propagation along a single-conductor line is realized to give an oscillating bias field driven by a monopolar current pulse in the conductor to the magnetostatically trapped bubbles in ratch patterns. The relation between the pulse amplitude and the propagation distance of the bubble is analyzed. A two-way propagating circuit useful for the transfer gate is realized, based on the transverse motion of bubbles. Loop circuits, transfer gates, and a generator circuit as well as various shift registers have been designed and tested. The propagation speed of 1 MHz could be obtained under the applied current of 800 mA, using YFeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> crystal platelet of thickness 80μm, the conductor of width 30μm, and the ratch patterns of period 110μm. A structure of a major/minor loop organized memory circuit with a function of dynamic reallocation of data is proposed.