gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skin-contact sensor for automatic fall detection (2012)

This paper describes an adhesive sensor system worn on the skin that automatically detects human falls. The sensor, which consists of a tri-axial accelerometer, a microcon-troller and a Bluetooth Low Energy transceiver, can be worn anywhere on a subject's torso and in any orientation. In order to distinguish easily between falls and activities of daily living (ADL), a possible fall is detected only if an impact is detected and if the subject is horizontal shortly afterwards. As an additional criterion to reduce false positives, a fall is confirmed if the user activity level several seconds after a possible fall is below a threshold. Intentional falls onto a gymnastics mat were performed by 10 volunteers (total of 297 falls); ADL were performed by 15 elderly volunteers (total of 315 ADL). The fall detection algorithm provided a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 100%.
Gas Phase Composition in the Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Dioxide (1980)

The gas phase composition during the low pressure chemical vapor deposition of silicon dioxide from silane and oxygen at 360°C has been studied as a function of oxygen to silane mole ratio. The total input flow was constant at 100 sccm. For each mole ratio, the system pressure, deposition rate, and exhaust gas composition were measured. Hydrogen was the major gaseous reaction product. A small amount of water was produced in a secondary reaction. Pressure variation with oxygen to silane ratio has been interpreted in terms of the variation of the exhaust gas viscosity with its composition. A theoretical calculation of the pressure in the system has shown good agreement with the experimental result. The dependence of total reaction efficiency and wafer reaction efficiency on was determined and used to deduce the efficiency of the reaction which occurs on other surfaces in the system or in the gas phase.
Structure and Reactivity of “Unusual” N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Palladium Complexes Synthesized from Imidazolium Salts (2004)

The reaction between palladium acetate and IMES.HCl leads to the formation of a novel palladium complex. The X-ray crystal structure analysis reveals that the palladium is C(2) bound to one NHC ligand (the normal binding mode), whereas the second ligand is attached through the C(5) carbon of the second imidazolium. The metalation site on the imidazolium salt is strongly influenced by the presence of base. Furthermore, the binding mode of the NHC to Pd is shown to substantially affect the catalytic behavior of the palladium complexes in cross-coupling reactions.
p97, a protein coping with multiple identities (2003)

A topic that is keeping cell biologists across several fields occupied is how the AAA ATPase p97 can have so many apparently unrelated functions. A recent model that proposed sets of adaptors for p97 selected according to the type of p97 activity seemed to afford a simple solution. For example, one known adaptor, the Ufd1-Npl4 complex, has been implicated in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis whereas another, p47, is an essential co-factor for membrane fusion. However, further investigation has revealed that the situation is more complicated. Both Ufd1-Npl4 and p47 adaptors bind ubiquitin, and so their activities may be more closely related than first thought. A role for ubiquitin in p97-dependent membrane fusion is a particularly surprising development with no obvious explanation. However, some clues may be found from looking at the role of ubiquitin and the AAA ATPase Vps4 during sorting on the endocytic pathway.
Intracavity lavage and wound irrigation for prevention of surgical site infection (2017)

The evidence base for intracavity lavage and wound irrigation is generally of low certainty. Therefore where we identified a possible difference in the incidence of SSI (in comparisons of antibacterial and non-antibacterial interventions, and pulsatile versus standard methods) these should be considered in the context of uncertainty, particularly given the possibility of publication bias for the comparison of antibacterial and non-antibacterial interventions. Clinicians should also consider whether the evidence is relevant to the surgical populations under consideration, the varying reporting of other prophylactic antibiotics, and concerns about antibiotic resistance.We did not identify any trials that compared an antibiotic with an antiseptic. This gap in the direct evidence base may merit further investigation, potentially using network meta-analysis; to inform the direction of new primary research. Any new trial should be adequately powered to detect a difference in SSIs in eligible participants, should use robust research methodology to reduce the risks of bias and internationally recognised criteria for diagnosis of SSI, and should have adequate duration and follow-up.
A constructive approach for discovering new drug leads: Using a kernel methodology for the inverse-QSAR problem (2009)

The empirical results reported in this paper show that our strategy of using kernel methodology for an inverse-Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship is sufficiently powerful to find a meaningful solution for practical problems.
An Efficient Multiple Access Scheme for Dynamic Subband Allocation in OFDMA System (2006)

Dynamic subcarrier allocation is a promising technique to improve signal quality and system capacity of OFDMA system, especially in frequency selective radio channels. We focus on dynamic subband allocation in OFDMA system because of the low signaling overhead, low complexity of multi-user receiver, and good multiple access interference (MAI) performance. In this paper, we propose an efficient centralized control scheme in multiple access protocol to resolve collision of subband application among multiple asynchronous users. Subband handover is employed in the multiple access protocol to track changes of frequency selectivity of radio channel. Simulation results show that the scheme effectively improves the performance of average bit error rate (BER) of multiple users and system capacity. The improved dynamic subband allocation scheme improves the system performance and ensures reliable communications over asynchronous frequency-selective multiple user channel.
Enhanced Double Via Insertion Using Wire Bending (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Redundant via insertion is highly recommended for improving chip yield and reliability. In this paper, we studied the problem of <emphasis emphasistype="italic">simultaneous double via insertion and wire bending</emphasis> (DVI/WB) in a postrouting stage, where a single via can have at most one redundant via inserted next to it. Aside from this, we are allowed to bend existing signal wires for enhancing the insertion rate of double vias. The primary goal of the DVI/WB problem is to insert as many double vias as possible; the secondary objective is to minimize the amount of layout perturbation. We formulate the DVI/WB problem as that of finding a minimum-weight maximum independent set (mWMIS) on an enhanced conflict graph. We proposed algorithms to perform wire bending and to construct the enhanced conflict graph from a given design. We also proposed a zero-one integer linear program (0–1 ILP)-based approach to solve the mWMIS problem. Moreover, we studied the problem of DVI/WB with the consideration of via density and extended our 0–1 ILP-based approach to solve it. Experimental results show that our approaches can improve the insertion rate by up to 6.34% at the expense of up to 1.29% wirelength increase when compared with the state-of-the-art double via insertion methods that do not consider wire bending. Moreover, when compared with an existing method that considers wire bending, our DVI/WB approach can insert 2% more double vias and produce 32% less wirelength increase rate on average. </para>
Photoaffinity labeling of the D2-dopamine receptor using a novel high affinity radioiodinated probe. (1985)

The ligand binding subunit of the D2 subtype of the dopamine receptor has been identified by photoaffinity labeling. In order to develop a specific covalent receptor probe, an analogue of the potent D2 selective antagonist spiperone, N-(p-aminophenethyl)spiperone (NAPS) has been synthesized. The aminophenethyl substituent of NAPS can be radioiodinated to theoretical specific radioactivity (2,175 Ci/mmol) and then the arylamine group converted to an arylazide to yield a photosensitive probe [( 125I]N3-NAPS). In rat striatal membranes, the nonradiolabeled azide probe (N3-NAPS) binds to the receptor with high affinity (KD congruent to 1.6 +/- 0.05 nM) and upon photoactivation irreversibly decreases the number of available receptors in these membranes as measured by [3H]spiperone binding. More importantly, however, incubation of rat striatal membranes with [125I]N3-NAPS leads to the photodependent covalent incorporation of the probe into a peptide of Mr = 94,000 as assessed by autoradiography of gels after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Labeling of this Mr = 94,000 peptide can be blocked specifically and stereoselectively by dopaminergic antagonists such as (+)- and (-)-butaclamol but not by non-dopaminergic antagonists. Moreover, dopaminergic agonists also attenuate the covalent labeling of this peptide with an order of potency which is typically D2-dopaminergic. Therefore, the specificity of [125I]N3-NAPS labeling of the Mr = 94,000 peptide suggests that this peptide represents the ligand binding subunit of the D2-dopamine receptor.
Suppression of multiple pulse formation in external-cavity mode-locked semiconductor lasers using intrawaveguide saturable absorbers (1992)

Imperfect antireflection coatings in external-cavity mode-locked semiconductor lasers can cause multiple output pulse generation. The incorporation of an intrawaveguide saturable absorber segment into the laser suppresses this problem. Single pulse outputs of less than 2.8 ps and 0.7 pJ of energy are obtained using such devices with both quantum well and bulk active regions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Challenges and opportunities for InP HBT mixed signal circuit technology (2003)

Mixed signal circuits based on InP HBTs are being challenged for meeting DoD high bandwidth and dynamic range requirements by aggressively scaled SiGe bipolar technology. This paper presents the challenges that conventional mesa InP HBT technology must overcome (primarily scaling and integration complexity) to maintain its competitive advantage over the silicon alternative. Approaches to overcoming these challenges are identified.
A Bromodomain Protein, MCAP, Associates with Mitotic Chromosomes and Affects G2-to-M Transition (2000)

We describe a novel nuclear factor called mitotic chromosome-associated protein (MCAP), which belongs to the poorly understood BET subgroup of the bromodomain superfamily. Expression of the 200-kDa MCAP was linked to cell division, as it was induced by growth stimulation and repressed by growth inhibition. The most notable feature of MCAP was its association with chromosomes during mitosis, observed at a time when the majority of nuclear regulatory factors were released into the cytoplasm, coinciding with global cessation of transcription. Indicative of its predominant interaction with euchromatin, MCAP localized on mitotic chromosomes with exquisite specificity: (i) MCAP-chromosome association became evident subsequent to the initiation of histone H3 phosphorylation and early chromosomal condensation; and (ii) MCAP was absent from centromeres, the sites of heterochromatin. Supporting a role for MCAP in G2/M transition, microinjection of anti-MCAP antibody into HeLa cell nuclei completely inhibited the entry into mitosis, without abrogating the ongoing DNA replication. These results suggest that MCAP plays a role in a process governing chromosomal dynamics during mitosis.
Reversible transition between perpendicular and in-plane magnetization in ultrathin films (1990)

The magnetization in ultrathin Fe layers (2.5--3.5 atomic layers) on Cu(100) reversibly switches between perpendicular (at low temperature) and in-plane magnetization (at higher temperature). The switching temperature decreases with increasing film thickness. The switching transition is attributed to the temperature dependence of the perpendicular anisotropy. The transition is accompanied by a loss of magnetization over a temperature range of 20--30 K and shows evidence for a canted-spin configuration.
Magnetic Spectra of Ferrites (1953)

A brief discussion is given of the meaning of initial permeability, the principles of its measurement, and the nature of "dimensional resonance." In considering magnetic spectra containing only a single resonance, typical data on sintered ferrites and on finely divided ferrite powders are reviewed, and some of the theoretical interpretations previously advanced are criticized. The investigations involving the two natural resonances found at this laboratory in a commercial Mg-ferrite are then summarized, including resonance in single-domain particles as a method for identifying dispersion mechanisms, experimental evidence for the inertia of domain walls, the nature of internal fields, and the temperature dependence of the natural resonances and of the spectroscopic splitting factor. Using the information obtained from these special studies, the following general hypothesis is advanced: In principle, two natural resonances are present in the magnetic spectrum of any sintered ferrite, and the single resonance sometimes observed represents the coalescence of two resonances. Reasons are given for expecting this coalescence to occur in some materials only, as in certain sintered mixed ferrites containing Zn-ferrite. The new hypothesis is consistent with all presently available data, including new spectra, some containing two resonances, that were recently obtained on pure ferrites at this laboratory. Additional confirmatory experiments are described which provide methods for separating or coalescing two resonances, and permit distinguishing between internal fields due to anisotropy and magnetic interactions. The limitations and possibilities of ferrites for obtaining useful microwave permeabilities are discussed from the new viewpoint, the criteria involved in this problem being shown to differ from those used at radiofrequencies.
Bacterial catabolism of lignin‐derived aromatics: New findings in a recent decade: Update on bacterial lignin catabolism (2017)

Lignin is the most abundant phenolic polymer; thus, its decomposition by microorganisms is fundamental to carbon cycling on earth. Lignin breakdown is initiated by depolymerization catalysed by extracellular oxidoreductases secreted by white-rot basidiomycetous fungi. On the other hand, bacteria play a predominant role in the mineralization of lignin-derived heterogeneous low-molecular-weight aromatic compounds. The outline of bacterial catabolic pathways for lignin-derived bi- and monoaryls are typically composed of the following sequential steps: (i) funnelling of a wide variety of lignin-derived aromatics into vanillate and syringate, (ii) O demethylation of vanillate and syringate to form catecholic derivatives and (iii) aromatic ring-cleavage of the catecholic derivatives to produce tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Knowledge regarding bacterial catabolic systems for lignin-derived aromatic compounds is not only important for understanding the terrestrial carbon cycle but also valuable for promoting the shift to a low-carbon economy via biological lignin valorisation. This review summarizes recent progress in bacterial catabolic systems for lignin-derived aromatic compounds, including newly identified catabolic pathways and genes for decomposition of lignin-derived biaryls, transcriptional regulation and substrate uptake systems. Recent omics approaches on catabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds are also described.
Genetic algorithms for adaptive motion planning of an autonomous mobile robot (2002)

This paper proposes genetic algorithms (GAs) for path planning and trajectory planning of an autonomous mobile robot. Our GA-based approach has an advantage of adaptivity such that the GAs work even if an environment is time-varying or unknown. Therefore, it is suitable for both off-line and online motion planning. We first present a GA for path planning in a 2D terrain. Simulation results on the performance and adaptivity of the GA on randomly generated terrains are presented. Then, we discuss extensions of the GA for solving both path planning and trajectory planning simultaneously.
Rho‐kinase Inhibition Improves Erectile Function in Aging Male Brown‐Norway Rats (2005)

Physiological aging is a significant risk factor in the on-set of male erectile dysfunction (ED) and an imbalance in factors that modulate cavernosal smooth-muscle tone may play a role in these altered penile hemodynamic mechanisms. To evaluate the association between aging and male erectile function, we monitored neurogenic erectile response and its correlation to systemic arterial pressure changes in old (21-23 months of age) vs young (6-9 months of age) Brown-Norway (BN) rats. We tested the hypothesis that age-associated ED is due to unregulated vasoconstrictive tone, contributed in part by an increased Rho-kinase activity, and that antagonism of Rho-kinase activity attenuates the age-related decline in male erectile function. We also examined the hypothesis that a combination of Rho-kinase antagonism and phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibition has a synergistic effect in improving the erectile response in these aging animals. Erectile function in old BN rats was evaluated before and after intracavernosal injection of a specific inhibitor of Rho-kinase (Y-27632) alone or in combination with zaprinast, a PDE-5 inhibitor. Erectile capabilities of the young and old BN rat groups were significantly different in corpus cavernosum pressure response after electrical-field stimulation of the major pelvic ganglion. Y-27632 administration attenuated the aging-related changes in male erectile function seen in BN rats. Rho-kinase antagonism and PDE-5 inhibition had a synergistic effect in improving erectile function in old rats. Our data indicate that aging leads to impairment in the neurogenic erectile response in BN rats involving a possible derangement in penile hemodynamic mechanisms of the erectile tissue. Rho-kinase inhibition may be of value in treating age-related ED.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activities of Flavonoid Derivatives as A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Switched currents-a new technique for analog sampled-data signal processing (2003)

A technique called 'switched currents,' for analog sampled-data signal processing in the current domain, is introduced. A family of modules that are capable of various computational and memory functions is described. The modules are well suited to system building as demonstrated by the simulation of a sixth-order Chebyshev low-pass filter. Circuit techniques that enhance analog performance are offered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diaryliodonium salts: a solution to 3‐[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoropyridine (2007)

Abstract Fluorine‐18 labelled fluoropyridines have found increasing application in the medical imaging technique of Positron Emission Tomography. The fluorine‐18 has largely been restricted to the 2‐ and 6‐position where its introduction may be readily achieved, from a range of appropriate precursors, by nucleophilic aromatic substitution using [ 18 F]fluoride. However, fluorine at this position may be labile in vivo limiting the potential of the radiotracer. To date the more stable 3‐fluoro and 5‐fluoropyridines have not been exploited due to unsuitable methods of preparation. Pyridyliodonium salts provide a convenient way to overcome this restriction and allow the introduction of fluorine‐18, as fluoride, into the 3‐ or 5‐position. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Potassium Affects the Activity of the Molecular Chaperone Hsc70 (1995)

Crystallographic anomalous scattering from potassium at 1.7 A resolution reveals two monovalent ions that interact with MgADP and P(i) in the nucleotide binding cleft of wild-type recombinant bovine Hsc70 ATPase fragment. K+ at site 1 interacts with oxygens of the beta-phosphate of ADP, whereas K+ at site 2 interacts with an oxygen of P(i). Both K+ ions also interact with specific H2O molecules in the first hydration shell of the octahedrally coordinated Mg2+ ion and with specific protein ligands. In crystals that have Na+ present, K+ is replaced by a Na+ ion at site 1 and by a Na(+)-H2O pair at site 2. The K+ ions are positioned where they could stabilize binding of a beta,gamma-bidentate MgATP complex with Hsc70, as well as a transition state during ATP hydrolysis, suggesting that monovalent ions act as specific metal cofactors in the ATPase reaction of Hsc70.
Histopathologic Grading of Ovarian Carcinoma: A Review and Proposal (2000)

The histopathologic grade of ovarian epithelial carcinoma has generally been found to be of prognostic significance, but the grading system used has varied among published reports, and often has not been specified at all. The major proposed grading systems are reviewed, and a new system is proposed, which is modeled on the Nottingham system of breast cancer grading and is designed to be applied to all invasive epithelial carcinomas of the ovary. Results obtained in studies using this system are presented. When grading is compared with histopathologic typing of ovarian carcinoma, the latter is less valuable in predicting survival but better at predicting tumor responsiveness to chemotherapy, and can also suggest the chemotherapeutic agents to be used. Thus, both grade and type should be specified in the surgical pathology report for any ovarian carcinoma.
The Use of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Short Stature (1985)

We have assessed the role of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) as a diagnostic test in 40 children and young adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), principally using the GHRH(1-29)NH2 analogue. Following 200 micrograms GHRH as an acute intravenous bolus, serum GH rose to normal or just subnormal levels in 13 out of 17 children with structural lesions, and in 8 of 14 patients with idiopathic GHD or panhypopituitarism. Of 9 children (mean age 12 years) with GHD following treatment with cranial irradiation for nonendocrine tumours, all responded acutely to GHRH. 12- and 24-hour infusions with GHRH(1-29)NH2, and 1- and 2-week treatments with twice-daily subcutaneous GHRH(1-29)NH2, showed persistent stimulation of GH release. It is concluded that many children with GHD of diverse aetiology will respond both acutely and chronically to treatment with GHRH.