gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eighty-Kilodalton N-Terminal Moiety of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> Filamentous Hemagglutinin: Adherence, Immunogenicity, and Protective Role (2002)

Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, produces a number of factors, such as toxins and adhesins, that are required for full expression of virulence. Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is the major adhesin of B. pertussis. It is a protein of approximately 220 kDa, found both associated at the bacterial cell surface and secreted into the extracellular milieu. Despite its importance in B. pertussis pathogenesis and its inclusion in most acellular pertussis vaccines, little is known about the functional importance of individual domains in infection and in the induction of protective immunity. In this study, we analyzed the role of the approximately 80-kDa N-terminal domain of FHA, designated Fha44, in B. pertussis adherence, colonization, and immunogenicity. Although Fha44 contains the complete heparan sulfate-binding domain, it is not sufficient for adherence to epithelial cells or macrophages. It also cannot replace FHA during colonization of the mouse respiratory tract. Infection with a B. pertussis strain producing Fha44 instead of FHA does not induce anti-FHA antibodies, whereas such antibodies can readily be induced by intranasal administration of purified Fha44. In addition, mice immunized with purified Fha44 were protected against challenge with wild-type B. pertussis, indicating that Fha44 contains protective epitopes. Compared to FHA, Fha44 is much smaller and much more soluble and is therefore easier to purify and to store. These advantages may perhaps warrant considering Fha44 for inclusion in acellular pertussis vaccines.
Proceed with care: direct predictive testing for Huntington disease. (1994)

The cloning of the Huntington disease (HD) gene allows highly accurate predictive testing using direct analysis of the CAG repeat. This new test provides results with almost complete certainty but poses unique counseling issues related to direct testing for an adult-onset disease. These include testing individuals who are at 25% risk, without the need for blood from a 50% at risk relative; the assessment of symptomatic individuals; the need for ongoing counseling despite simplification of laboratory procedures; and counseling of persons from families who represent a new mutation for HD. This paper describes protocols for direct predictive testing for adult and prenatal assessment, on the basis of the experience of the Canadian Collaborative Study on Predictive Testing (CCSPT). Over the past 8 years, we have provided > 400 results by using linked markers and, more recently, 416 results by using direct assessment of CAG expansion in the HD gene. The vast majority (86%) of requests for direct predictive testing have been from persons who have not previously received results by using linked markers. Despite the ability to now directly assess for the mutation associated with HD, we still recommend assessment of DNA from an affected relative, as this may significantly enhance the accuracy of information to be provided to the at-risk individual. Distance from a genetics center has previously limited the availability of testing, and therefore we have developed approaches to providing predictive testing in the patient's own community.
Studies on Phyto-peroxidase (1961)

Peroxidase c was isolated and purified from Japanese-radish roots by means of a chromatographic technique with carboxymethyl cellulose. Two or more components exhibiting the absorption spectrum of peroxidase c were separated chromatographically, and the most basic component was crystallized from ammonium sulphate solution. The Reinheit Zahl and the purpurogallin number of the crystalline preparation were found to be 3.55 and 1100 respectively. The absorption maxima were found at 420 and 540mμ for the oxidized form and at 425 and 560mμ for the reduced form. The crystalline preparation contained 1.57% protohematin as the prosthetic group, and then the minimum molecular weight of peroxidase c was found to be 41500.
Oil Sorbency of Sorbents Prepared from Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Plants. (1999)

Kenaf plants, which are annuals, grow rapidly, and have recently been spotlighted as new materials for paper making that will replace wood pulps from an environmental viewpoint. In order to enlarge the application of kenaf plants, oil sorbents were prepared from three kinds of kenaf (Qingpi No.3, Zhejiang No.1 and Everglades 41) which were cultivated in Fukuoka (latitude: 33°35′ N, longitude 130°23′ E, altitude: 2.5m) in 1998, and their sorbency of waste food oil was investigated.With regard to the defibrated fibers and holocellulose sorbents of kenaf and heated kenaf, the oil sorbency (12-33g/g) of the sorbents from kenaf bast fibers was greater than that (8-30g/g) of the sorbents from kenaf core fibers and the order of oil sorbency was Qingpi No.3>Everglades 41>Zhejiang No.1.The most efficient oil sorbents prepared from the kenaf plants in this study were the defibrated kenaf bast and core fibers heated at 300-350°C for 5 minutes on the ground with yields of 95-78% and 95-62%, respectively, and about a 25g/g oil sorbency, respectively. Furthermore, their oil sorbency and yield were greater than those (20g/g, 40-55%) of commercial sorbents made of cellulose pulps obtained from wood.The changes in the specific surface area and the functional groups of the heated kenaf, derived from the partial pyrolysis of the hemicellulose and cellulose of the kenaf fibers, were assumed to have contributed to their capacity to sorb waste food oil.
Micellar Growth, Network Formation, and Criticality in Aqueous Solutions of the Nonionic Surfactant C<sub>12</sub>E<sub>5</sub> (2000)

We used cryo-TEM and light scattering to study the micellar growth and subsequent network formation in aqueous solutions of the nonionic surfactant C12E5. Cryo-TEM shows the first direct evidence for the existence of connected topology in the vicinity of the critical point and the two-phase separation curve of the C12E5/water micellar system. The coexisting phases within the two-phase region consist of one concentrated and one dilute network of interconnected cylindrical micelles. These findings are consistent with the recent theoretical explanation of criticality and phase separation in certain nonionic surfactant systems as resulting from entropic attraction between network junctions. Away from the two-phase separation curve, we have identified uniaxial micellar growth, with increasing temperature and concentration, into long threadlike micelles. From the power-law dependence of the radius of gyration, RG,z, and the hydrodynamic diameter, D̄H, on the molecular weight (RG,z, D̄H ∼ Mwν), we find that these threadlike micelles have properties resembling those of flexible polymers in a good solvent (ν ∼ 0.6). Static and dynamic light scattering show that the mean micelle contour length L⃗ increases as c0.5 (c is the surfactant concentration) in agreement with theory. Finally, we show that the end-cap energy Ec increases linearly with temperature.
Whole-genome sequence of Schistosoma haematobium (2012)

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by blood flukes (genus Schistosoma; schistosomes) and affecting 200 million people worldwide. No vaccines are available, and treatment relies on one drug, praziquantel. Schistosoma haematobium has come into the spotlight as a major cause of urogenital disease, as an agent linked to bladder cancer and as a predisposing factor for HIV/AIDS. The parasite is transmitted to humans from freshwater snails. Worms dwell in blood vessels and release eggs that become embedded in the bladder wall to elicit chronic immune-mediated disease and induce squamous cell carcinoma. Here we sequenced the 385-Mb genome of S. haematobium using Illumina-based technology at 74-fold coverage and compared it to sequences from related parasites. We included genome annotation based on function, gene ontology, networking and pathway mapping. This genome now provides an unprecedented resource for many fundamental research areas and shows great promise for the design of new disease interventions.
The Heterogeneous Collision Velocity for Hydrated Ions in Aqueous Solutions Is ∼10<sup>4</sup> cm/s (1996)

The heterogeneous collision velocity (vo, units of centimeters/second) is the average velocity of a solution particle toward a surface. vo thus defines the maximum flux of the particles to the surface. Einstein argued that vo in condensed phases and in gases may be deduced in a precisely analogous manner and that vo in aqueous solution therefore should be ∼104 cm/s (for particles with a mass of 100 Da). Values of vo for several aqueous monovalent cations (Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ and NH4+) were estimated from steady-state limiting current measurements through single gramicidin A channels spanning lipid bilayer membranes. The collisional and diffusional current components were separated by making use of the different viscosities of H2O and D2O solutions. The transfer of ions from the bulk solution to the channel entrance is modeled using a hemispherical entrance and an extension of the classical analysis of diffusion to a (hemi)sphere in which we relax the assumption that the jump distance (associated with three-dimensional diffusion of an ion in the bulk phase) be small compared to the hemispherical capture radius. Our estimate of vo agrees well with the prediction of Einstein. We therefore conclude that ion dehydration (only partially hydrated ions can pass through the gramicidin A channel) cannot be a rate-controlling stepa conclusion that is consistent with known rate constants for water exchange for these ions.
Analysis of Rounding Methods in Floating-Point Arithmetic (1977)

The error properties of floating-point arithmetic using various rounding methods (including ROM rounding, a new scheme) are analyzed. Guard digits are explained, and the rounding schemes' effectiveness are evaluated and compared.
LUBRICATION PROBLEMS AT NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS (1957)

Among the secondary problems arising out of new industrial developments and techniques one of the most frequent is that of lubrication. The manufacturer of lubricants, through his own research facilities, is bound to keep abreast, if not ahead, of current developments so that his products may give satisfactory service under novel conditions.
Compact Fabry-Perot electro-optic switch based on n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction structure (2012)

We present a hybrid waveguide-based optical switch using n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diode structure. The n-ZnO/p-Si vertical diode is incorporated with a Fabry-Perot microcavity to realize optical switching through electrical biasing. The ZnO layer functions as n-type transparent oxide semiconductor and waveguide cladding. Under 4V reverse bias (depletion), simulation shows a modulation depth of 5.54dB and tunable red-shift of 4nm over a cavity length of 17μm. A Fabry-Perot microcavity of 20μm length has been fabricated and measurement shows a tunable blue-shift of 0.1nm under 10V forward bias condition (accumulation).
Analysis of malicious and benign android applications (2012)

Since its establishment, the Android applications market has been infected by a proliferation of malicious applications. Recent studies show that rogue developers are injecting malware into legitimate market applications which are then installed on open source sites for consumer uptake. Often, applications are infected several times. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of malicious Android applications, we present a simple and effective way to safely execute and analyze them. As part of this analysis, we use the Android application sandbox Droidbox to generate behavioral graphs for each sample and these provide the basis of the development of patterns to aid in identifying it. As a result, we are able to determine if family names have been correctly assigned by current anti-virus vendors. Our results indicate that the traditional anti-virus mechanisms are not able to correctly identify malicious Android applications.
Weak 𝑛-homogeneity implies weak (𝑛-1)-homogeneity (1959)

Introduction and definitions. Let S be a set of points. By an nsubset of S we shall mean a subset of S consisting of precisely n points. Let S be a subset of S and G a group of 1-1 transformations of S upon itself. Then G is weakly n-transitive over S if for any two n-subsets Xi, X2 of S there exists a gGG such that g(Xl) = X2. (It is not required that g(S) CS.) In particular if S= S, S is a topological space, and G is the group of homeomorphisms of S upon itself, then the space S is said to be weakly n-homogeneous.1 The purpose of this paper is to prove that an infinite weakly nhomogeneous topological space is weakly (n 1)-homogeneous (n> 1).
F 2 -laser microfabrication of buried waveguide structures in transparent glasses (2002)

Buried optical waveguides have been fabricated directly in pure bulk fused silica with a novel high-resolution 157-nm optical processing system. Refractive index changes of > 10<SUP>-4</SUP> were induced within the small focal volume of large numerical-aperture optics, removing the need for ultrafast laser interactions. Single-mode guiding was inferred from Gaussian-like near-field and far-field intensity distributions of 635-nm guided light. The results demonstrate a useful extension of writing buried 3D refractive index structures inside glasses with nanosecond duration UV lasers.
Skin Problems of the Stump in Lower-limb Amputees: 2. Influence on Functioning in Daily Life (2011)

The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of stump skin problems on functioning in daily life in lower-limb amputees. A cross-sectional study was performed by means of a questionnaire containing 9 questions assessing functioning in daily life. Question scores were added to give a total score (range 0 (no influence) to 27 (maximum negative influence)). Two thousand and thirty-nine people were invited to participate, with 805 participants completing a questionnaire. Of these, 507 reported one or more skin problems. Skin problems had a negative influence on ability to perform household tasks, prosthesis use, social functioning, and participation in sports. The mean total score was 5.5 ± 4.1. This correlated significantly with the number of skin complaints (r = 0.483; p = 0.01). In linear regression analyses, gender (β = -0.15) and number of skin problems (β = 0.25) accounted for 23% of the total score. This study confirms the influence of skin problems on functioning in daily life.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A PEDIATRIC TELEPHONE CONSULTATION SERVICE (1972)

A pediatric telephone consultation service with consultants based at Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles has been made available to a group of physicians practicing in Southern California. Data collected reveal that this service has been utilized by many pediatricians and general practitioners. Ninety-one percent of the calling physicians indicated that they were helped by the consultation, and in over one-third of the instances both the practitioner and the consultant felt that the outcome of the problem was changed by the consultation. In the majority of instances, incoming calls were efficiently handled by an experienced nurse-operator and an appropriate consultant was made available within 5 minutes 38% of the time and within 1 hour in 86% of all calls. Among the pediatric telephone consultants who provided the service, the majority (76%) felt that this kind of service, if expanded, would favorably affect patient care in a signifficant way. Among practitioners who used the service, 94% asked that such a service be continued.
Surface Electromyography Recording of Spontaneous Eyeblinks (2012)

Orbicularis oculi EMG recording worked as a real-time eyeblink-detecting system. Moreover, the multichannel EMG recording coupled to a proper digital signal processing was very effective in specifically detecting the spontaneous blinking during other facial muscle activities. With regard to closed-loop biomimetic devices for the pacing of the eyeblink, the EMG signal represents a valid option for the recording side.
Transport and Bioavailability Studies of Astragaloside IV, an Active Ingredient in <i>Radix Astragali</i> (2004)

Astragaloside IV is an important constituent of Radix Astragali, a herbal remedy widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Radix Astragali is administered orally but little is known about the transport properties and bioavailability of astragaloside IV. In this paper we report studies of the absorption of astragaloside IV in the perfused rat intestinal model, transport and uptake in Caco-2 cell monolayers and in vivo bioavailability in rat after an oral dose. In the perfused rat intestinal model, absorption of astragaloside IV was low from an aqueous solution but was significantly higher from a solution of Radix Astragali. Absorption was not affected by bile duct ligation. Transport through Caco-2 cells gave a very low permeability value (mean P(app) of 6.7+/-1.0 x 10(-8) cm/sec.) and uptake was unaffected by P-glycoprotein inhibitors. The absolute bioavailability of astragaloside IV in rat was 2.2%. The correlation between low permeability in vitro and poor bioavailability in vivo indicates in vitro absorption studies are useful in the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines.
Beneficial Effects of Addition of Oral Spray Insulin (Oralin) on Insulin Secretion and Metabolic Control in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Suboptimally Controlled on Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (2004)

The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic effect and the safety of a novel oral insulin spray (Oralin) formulation at breakfast-time in subjects with type 2 diabetes with suboptimal glucose control and maintained on a combination therapy of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs). This was an open-label, crossover, randomized study design in subjects (n = 21) with type 2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin A1c >8.0%). Subjects received each of the following treatments, in random order: metformin + glyburide and placebo puffs at time 0 min; or metformin + glyburide and Oralin spray (100 U) at time 0 min. Fifteen minutes later, subjects were given a standard breakfast containing 360 calories [Sustacal (Mead Johnson, Evansville, IN) liquid meal]. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals to measure serum glucose, insulin, and C-peptide. Time-averaged postprandial glucose increments (PPGIs) between 0 and 240 min were calculated for each treatment. Group mean PPGIs to OHAs versus Oralin in combination with OHAs were compared to determine the mean efficacy of the active treatment. The Oralin spray lowered the 2-h postprandial glucose rise significantly in comparison with the OHAs alone. The serum insulin levels were significantly higher with faster onset of action in the Oralin spray treatment when compared with the OHAs treatment. The reductions in C-peptides were also significantly greater in the Oralin arm than in the OHAs treatment. This study results demonstrated that Oralin could be used as meal insulin as an add-on therapy in combination with failing OHAs treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes to regulate postprandial glucose levels.
ChIP‐chip: Data, Model, and Analysis (2007)

ChIP-chip (or ChIP-on-chip) is a technology for isolation and identification of genomic sites occupied by specific DNA-binding proteins in living cells. The ChIP-chip signals can be obtained over the whole genome by tiling arrays, where a peak shape is generally observed around a protein-binding site. In this article, we describe the ChIP-chip process and present a probability model for ChIP-chip data. We then propose a model-based method for recognizing the peak shapes for the purpose of detecting protein-binding sites. We also investigate the issue of bandwidth in nonparametric kernel smoothing method.
Mixed-width instruction sets (2003)

Encoding a program's computations to reduce memory and power consumption without sacrificing performance.
Current concepts on the adult respiratory distress syndrome. (1990)

The shock- and trauma-induced process known as ARDS remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity. The time course of the clinical disease has changed dramatically as support systems have improved. In addition, it is becoming increasingly clear that ARDS is part of an inflammation-induced systemic disease state which can evolve to multi-system organ failure. It is MSOF which is now the leading cause of death in the post-trauma patient in the ICU. ARDS from shock and trauma must now be studied not solely as a primary pulmonary process but as a critical component of a generalized inflammatory reaction to distant tissue trauma.
Microbial communities in acid mine drainage (2003)

The dissolution of sulfide minerals such as pyrite (FeS2), arsenopyrite (FeAsS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), sphalerite (ZnS), and marcasite (FeS2) yields hot, sulfuric acid-rich solutions that contain high concentrations of toxic metals. In locations where access of oxidants to sulfide mineral surfaces is increased by mining, the resulting acid mine drainage (AMD) may contaminate surrounding ecosystems. Communities of autotrophic and heterotrophic archaea and bacteria catalyze iron and sulfur oxidation, thus may ultimately determine the rate of release of metals and sulfur to the environment. AMD communities contain fewer prokaryotic lineages than many other environments. However, it is notable that at least two archaeal and eight bacterial divisions have representatives able to thrive under the extreme conditions typical of AMD. AMD communities are characterized by a very limited number of distinct species, probably due to the small number of metabolically beneficial reactions available. The metabolisms that underpin these communities include organoheterotrophy and autotrophic iron and sulfur oxidation. Other metabolic activity is based on anaerobic sulfur oxidation and ferric iron reduction. Evidence for physiological synergy in iron, sulfur, and carbon flow in these communities is reviewed. The microbial and geochemical simplicity of these systems makes them ideal targets for quantitative, genomic-based analyses of microbial ecology and evolution and community function.
Authenticated Key Exchange Protocols for Parallel Network File Systems (2015)

We study the problem of key establishment for secure many-to-many communications. The problem is inspired by the proliferation of large-scale distributed file systems supporting parallel access to multiple storage devices. Our work focuses on the current Internet standard for such file systems, i.e., parallel Network File System (pNFS), which makes use of Kerberos to establish parallel session keys between clients and storage devices. Our review of the existing Kerberos-based protocol shows that it has a number of limitations: (i) a metadata server facilitating key exchange between the clients and the storage devices has heavy workload that restricts the scalability of the protocol; (ii) the protocol does not provide forward secrecy; (iii) the metadata server generates itself all the session keys that are used between the clients and storage devices, and this inherently leads to key escrow. In this paper, we propose a variety of authenticated key exchange protocols that are designed to address the above issues. We show that our protocols are capable of reducing up to approximately 54 percent of the workload of the metadata server and concurrently supporting forward secrecy and escrow-freeness. All this requires only a small fraction of increased computation overhead at the client.
<title>Suspended thermal oxide trench isolation for SCS MEMS</title> (1998)

Single-crystal silicon microelectromechanical devices with thermal silicon dioxide isolation segments were fabricated with a SCREAM based process; mechanical and electrical characteristics of these devices were tested. Isolation segments (26 micrometers high, 8 micrometers long, and 2 micrometers wide) have been used to isolate 1 micrometers wide, 22 micrometers high single crystal silicon (SCS) beams. Released isolation segments and Al-Si contacts allow electronics to be embedded within SCS MEMS and bare silicon beams to be used for springs and actuators.