gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defect Structure and Electrical Properties of Single‐Crystal Ba <sub>0.03</sub> Sr <sub>0.97</sub> TiO <sub>3</sub> (1988)

The electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of single‐crystalline Ba 0.03 Sr 0.97 TiO 3 were measured over a wide temperature (800° to 1100°C) and oxygen partial pressure (10 5 to 10 ‐15 Pa) range. Our experimental data, like those of previous workers on nominally undoped BaTiO 3 or SrTiO 3 , support a defect model based on doubly ionized oxygen vacancies, electrons, holes, and accidental acceptor impurities. The simultaneous measurement of electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power, together with precise experimental data obtained with an advanced thermoectric power measurement technique, enabled us to determine for the first time reliable values for the preexponential factors and the activation energies which characterize the defect equilibrium constants. These calculated values, together with the defect model, were found to give an excellent fit to the experimental data, and were used to generate the boundaries, in P o2 ‐1/ T space, of the various defect regimes.
Development of Rectangle-Pulse Marx Generator Based on PFN (2009)

In this paper, two designs of the rectangle-pulse Marx generator based on pulse-forming network (PFN) for pulse-power application are reported. The PFN is composed of inductors and capacitors. Proposed schemes consist of several identical PFNs that are connected according to Marx generator scheme. PFN Marx generators can output rectangle pulse several hundreds of nanoseconds in duration and several tens of nanoseconds in rising time. The effect of component parameter to the waveform is studied. Prototypes made of four PFNs have been tested. One of the prototypes is designed according to classical Marx mode, while another is designed as an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> Marx generator in which only one command switch and one isolating switch is needed. In a 500-ns duration, 65-ns rising-time rectangle pulse has been achieved on the matching load.
Linda and Her Brother: The Short-and Long-Term Impact of Homelessness (1994)

Linda and Her Brother: The Short-and Long-Term Impact of Homelessness Get access Edith Freeman, PhD, ACSW Edith Freeman, PhD, ACSW John Milner Professor in Child Welfare for 1993–94 University of Southern California School of Social WorkLos Angeles Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Children & Schools, Volume 16, Issue 1, January 1994, Pages 3–6, https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/16.1.3 Published: 01 January 1994
Electron-Hole Recollisions in Driven Quantum Wells (2016)

Driving semiconductor quantum wells with terahertz electric fields strong enough to overcome the Coulomb attraction between bound electron-hole pairs leads to high-order sideband generation (HSG). In HSG, excitons are optically-injected into quantum wells by a weak near-infrared (NIR) laser while simultaneously being illuminated with a terahertz field from the UCSB Free Electron Laser. The phenomenon can be described by the so-called "three step model" developed in high-field atomic physics: (1) the electron and hole tunnel-ionize in the strong field, (2) the now-free particles accelerate in the field, and (3) they recollide, emitting a photon. The two lasers are continuous, so the emitted photons are sidebands on the NIR laser. Because of the large gain of kinetic energy before recollision, an HSG spectrum has a broad bandwidth with many more sidebands above the NIR frequency than below. The largest spectra span over one hundred nanometers, with over 100th order sidebands above and 20th order below.The electron and hole must remain coherent throughout their trajectories, which can last hundreds of femtoseconds and extend for more than fifty nanometers, if they are to recollide. Sidebands have been observed that result from recollisions with kinetic energies far above the threshold for optical phonon emission. These high orders persist up to room temperature. Not even quenched disorder in the quantum wells strongly attenuates the HSG signal. Because of this coherence, the electron and hole are very sensitive to the complete band structure of the material. Excitation by linear NIR polarization creates both the electron and hole in a superposition of spin-up and spin-down states with complex coefficients given by the relative orientation of the NIR polarization and the THz polarization. Interference between these the spin-up and spin-down particles, particularly in the valence band and mediated by non-Abelian Berry curvature, has large effects on both the intensity and polarization state of the sidebands. The connection between HSG and complete band structure points to the possibility of directly measuring both the band dispersion relations as well as the non-Abelian Berry curvature of the host material.
ABCA1 Agonist Reverses the ApoE4-Driven Cognitive and Brain Pathologies (2016)

The allele ɛ4 of apolipoprotein E (apoE4) is the most prevalent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is therefore a promising therapeutic target. Human and animal model studies suggest that apoE4 is hypolipidated; accordingly, we have previously shown that the retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist bexarotene upregulates ABCA1, the main apoE-lipidating protein, resulting in increased lipidation of apoE4, and the subsequent reversal of the pathological effects of apoE4, namely: accumulation of Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau, as well as reduction in the levels of synaptic markers and cognitive deficits. Since the RXR system has numerous other targets, it is important to devise the means of activating ABCA1 selectively. We presently utilized CS-6253, a peptide shown to directly activate ABCA1 in vitro, and examined the extent to which it can affect the degree of lipidation of apoE4 in vivo and counteract the associated brain and behavioral pathologies. This revealed that treatment of young apoE4-targeted replacement mice with CS-6253 increases the lipidation of apoE4. This was associated with a reversal of the apoE4-driven Aβ42 accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation in hippocampal neurons, as well as of the synaptic impairments and cognitive deficits. These findings suggest that the pathological effects of apoE4 in vivo are associated with decreased activation of ABCA1 and impaired lipidation of apoE4 and that the downstream brain-related pathology and cognitive deficits can be counteracted by treatment with the ABCA1 agonist CS-6253. These findings have important clinical ramifications and put forward ABCA1 as a promising target for apoE4-related treatment of AD.
The bromination and chlorination of 2,3-dialkylindoles. Isolation of 3-bromo- and 3-chloro-2,3-dialkylindolenines and acid catalyzed conversion to 3-methoxyindolenines (1980)

The bromination of 2,3-dimethylindole in acetic acid followed by hydrolysis has been shown to yield the known dimer 16 of 3-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylindolenine 15 and not 3-hydroxymethyl-2-methylindole 12 as reported previously by others. Bromination of 2,3-dimethylindole in the presence of triethylamine has yielded 3-bromo-2,3-dimethylindolenine 17 as a crystalline solid which is stable at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere in the presence of triethylamine but decomposes vigorously in the absence of base. Under mildly acidic conditions 17 reacts rapidly with methanol to yield 3-methoxy-2,3-dimethylindolenine 3 in good yield. With tert-butyl hypochlorite in the presence of triethylamine, 2,3-dimethylindole gives 3-chloro-2,3-dimethylindolenine 2 which has chemical properties similar to 17 reacting readily with methanol to give 3. Similarly tetrahydrocarbazole was converted to the analogous chloroindolenine 5 and bromoindolenine 18 both of which readily underwent methanolysis to give 6 in good yield. A mechanism for the acid catalyzed methanolysis of 3-chloro- and 3-bromoindolenines is proposed.
Prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) generated after long-term interleukin 6 (IL-6) treatment express IL-6 and acquire an IL-6 partially resistant phenotype. (2001)

Long-term treatment of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells with IL-6 leads to abolishment of inhibitory growth response. In contrast to control cells, the LNCaP-IL-6+ subline expresses IL-6 mRNA and protein.
Pathogen Profiling: Rapid Molecular Characterization of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> by PCR/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry and Correlation with Phenotype (2009)

There are few diagnostic methods that readily distinguish among community-acquired methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, now frequently transmitted within hospitals. We describe a rapid and high-throughput method for bacterial profiling of staphylococcal isolates. The method couples PCR to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and is performed on a platform suitable for use in a diagnostic laboratory. This profiling technology produces a high-resolution genetic signature indicative of the presence of specific genetic elements that represent distinctive phenotypic features. The PCR/ESI-MS signature accurately identified genotypic determinants consistent with phenotypic traits in well-characterized reference and clinical isolates of S. aureus. Molecular identification of the antibiotic resistance genes correlated strongly with phenotypic in vitro resistance. The identification of toxin genes correlated with independent PCR analyses for the toxin genes. Finally, isolates were correctly classified into genotypic groups that correlated with genetic clonal complexes, repetitive-element-based PCR patterns, or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types. The high-throughput PCR/ESI-MS assay should improve clinical management of staphylococcal infections.
The role of cytokines in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2008)

Several studies have reported on various cytokines that correlate to the chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps phenotype; however, more insight into the mechanisms that lead to altered cytokine profiles and the nasal polyps phenotype is needed.
Enhancing SDN security for IoT-related deployments through blockchain (2017)

The majority of business activity of our integrated and connected world takes place in networks based on cloud computing infrastructure that cross national, geographic and jurisdictional boundaries. Such an efficient entity interconnection is made possible through an emerging networking paradigm, Software Defined Networking (SDN) that intends to vastly simplify policy enforcement and network reconfiguration in a dynamic manner. However, despite the obvious advantages this novel networking paradigm introduces, its increased attack surface compared to traditional networking deployments proved to be a thorny issue that creates skepticism when safety-critical applications are considered. Especially when SDN is used to support Internet-of-Things (IoT)-related networking elements, additional security concerns rise, due to the elevated vulnerability of such deployments to specific types of attacks and the necessity of inter-cloud communication any IoT application would require. The overall number of connected nodes makes the efficient monitoring of all entities a real challenge, that must be tackled to prevent system degradation and service outage. This position paper provides an overview of common security issues of SDN when linked to IoT clouds, describes the design principals of the recently introduced Blockchain paradigm and advocates the reasons that render Blockchain as a significant security factor for solutions where SDN and IoT are involved.
Novel positive‐working and aqueous‐base‐developable photosensitive poly(imide benzoxazole) precursor (2004)

Abstract A novel positive‐working and aqueous‐base‐developable photosensitive poly(imide benzoxazole) precursor based on a poly(amic acid hydroxyamide) bearing phenolic hydroxyl groups and carboxylic acid groups, a diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ) photosensitive compound, and a solvent was developed. Poly(amic acid hydroxyamide) was prepared through the polymerization of 2,2‐bis(3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane, trimellitic anhydride chloride, and 4,4′‐oxydibenzoyl chloride. Subsequently, the thermal cyclization of the poly(amic acid hydroxyamide) precursor at 350 °C produced the corresponding poly(imide benzoxazole). The inherent viscosity of the precursor polymer was 0.17 dL/g. The cyclized poly(imide benzoxazole) showed a high glass‐transition temperature of 372 °C and 5% weight loss temperatures of 535 °C in nitrogen and 509 °C in air. The structures of the precursor polymer and the fully cyclized polymer were characterized with Fourier transform infrared and 1 H NMR. The photosensitive polyimide precursor containing 25 wt % DNQ photoactive compound showed a sensitivity of 256 mJ/cm 2 and a contrast of 1.14 in a 3‐μm film with a 0.6 wt % tetramethylammonium hydroxide developer. A pattern with a resolution of 5 μm was obtained from this composition. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5990–5998, 2004
Bandpass Delta-Sigma Modulators for Radio Receivers (2003)

This thesis concerns discrete-time (DT) bandpass (BP) ΔΣ modulators targeted for intermediate frequency (IF) analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion in radio receivers. The receiver architecture adopted has to be capable of operating with different radio frequencies, channel bandwidths, and modulation techniques. This is necessary in order to achieve an extensive operating area and the possibility of utilizing a local mobile phone standard or a standard suitable for a specific service. The digital IF receiver is a good choice for a multi-mode and multi-band mobile phone receiver, because the signal demodulation and channel filtering are performed in the digital domain. This increases the flexibility of the receiver and relieves the design of the baseband part, but an A/D conversion with high dynamic range and low power dissipation is required. BP ΔΣ modulators are capable of converting a high-frequency narrow band signal and are therefore suitable for signal digitization in an IF receiver.\n\nFirst, the theory of BP ΔΣ modulators is introduced. It has been determined that resonators are the most critical circuit blocks in the implementation of a high performance BP ΔΣ modulator. Different DT resonator topologies are studied and a double-delay (DD) resonator is found to be the best candidate for a high quality resonator. A new DD switched-capacitor (SC) resonator structure has been designed. Furthermore, two evolution versions of the designed SC resonator are presented and their nonidealities are analyzed. The three designed DD SC resonator structures are a main point of the thesis, together with the experimental results.\n\nFive different DT BP ΔΣ modulator circuit structures have been implemented and measured. All three of the designed SC resonators are used in the implemented circuits. The experimental work consists of both single-bit and multi-bit structures, as well as both single-loop and cascade architectures. The circuits have been implemented with a 0.35 μm (Bi)CMOS technology and operate with a 3.0 V supply. The measured maximum signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratios (SNDRs) are 78 dB over 270 kHz (GSM), 75 dB over 1.25 MHz (IS-95), 69 dB over 1.762 MHz (DECT), and 48 dB over 3.84 MHz (WCDMA) bandwidths using a 60 MHz IF signal.
Expression of the Major Porin Gene <i>mspA</i> Is Regulated in <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (2006)

MspA is the major porin of Mycobacterium smegmatis and is important for diffusion of small and hydrophilic solutes across its unique outer membrane. The start point of transcription of the mspA gene was mapped by primer extension and S1 nuclease experiments. The main promoter driving transcription of mspA was identified by single point mutations in lacZ fusions and resembled sigma(A) promoters of M. smegmatis. However, a 500-bp upstream fragment including P(mspA) in a transcriptional fusion with lacZ yielded only low beta-galactosidase activity, whereas activity increased 12-fold with a 700-bp fragment. Activation of P(mspA) by the 200-bp element was almost eliminated by increasing the distance by 14 bp, indicating binding of an activator protein. The chromosomal mspA transcript had a size of 900 bases and was very stable with a half-life of 6 minutes, whereas the stabilities of episomal mspA transcripts with three other 5' untranslated region (UTRs) were three- to sixfold reduced, indicating a stabilizing role of the native 5' UTR of mspA. Northern blot experiments revealed that the amount of mspA mRNA was increased under nitrogen limitation but reduced under carbon and phosphate limitation at 42 degrees C in stationary phase in the presence of 0.5 M sodium chloride, 18 mM hydrogen peroxide, and 10% ethanol and at acidic pH. These results show for the first time that M. smegmatis regulates porin gene expression to optimize uptake of certain nutrients and to protect itself from toxic solutes.
Interaction cloning and characterization of RoBPI, a novel protein binding to human Ro ribonucleoproteins (2000)

Human Ro ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) are autoantigenic particles of unknown function(s) that consist of a 60-kDa protein (Ro60) associated with one hY RNA (hY1-5). Using a modified yeast three-hybrid system, named RNP interaction trap assay (RITA), we cloned a novel Ro RNP-binding protein (RoBPI), based on its property to interact in vivo in yeast with an RNP complex made of recombinant Ro60 (rRo60) protein and hY5 (rhY5) RNA. RoBPI cDNA contains three conserved RNA recognition motifs (RRM) and is present as a family of isoforms differing slightly at their 5' end. The 2.0-kb RoBPI mRNA was detected in all human tissues tested. Highly homologous cDNA sequences were found in banks of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from mice. Two-hybrid, three-hybrid, and RITA experiments respectively established that 60 kDa RoBPI did not interact in yeast with rRo60 alone, with rhY5 RNA alone, or with bait RNPs consisting of rRo60 and recombinant hY1, hY3, or hY4 RNAs. RoBPI coimmunoprecipitated with Ro RNPs from HeLa cell extracts and partially colocalized with Ro60 in nuclei of cultured cells. Because hY5 RNA and RohY5 RNPs are recent evolutionary additions seen only in primates, but RoBPI seems more conserved, their interaction may represent a gain of function for Ro RNPs. Alternatively, interaction of RohY5 RNPs with RoBPI may have no functional bearing, but may underlie some of the unique biochemical and immunological properties of these RNPs.
Intelligent Diagnosis of Degradation State under Corrosion (2008)

The work presents an inter‐ and multi‐disciplinary research where the diagnosis is treated by using the artificial intelligence means and the application the degradation state of buildings and urban power networks. A possible model of degradation process caused by the corrosion and the technical achievement manner is given. The notions of micro‐ and macro‐modeling and model granularity are introduced and applied. For resulting model the specification of intelligent processing of information and further the knowledge for suggested model are prepared. As concluding remarks the results are analysed and interpreted and a generalized approach is suggested and argued.
Toward Effective Automatic Recognition Systems of Emotion in Speech (2013)

Abstract Speech is arguably the most important expressive communication modality. It conveys emotional cues that are essential for enriching descriptions of human and interaction and for enabling human computer interfaces that can facilitate a natural and pleasant interaction. This chapter addresses the main aspects that need to be considered in designing an effective automatic speech emotion recognition (EASER) system. It describes the challenges in collecting databases and annotating the underlying emotional content, summarizes the commonly used acoustic features, feature selection techniques, and the data normalization methods used in the field. It also describes machine learning algorithms useful for recognizing emotions expressed in speech. Building upon current advances and insights gained therein, the chapter presents open challenges that remain in designing robust emotion recognition systems.
3G wireless networks provisioning and monitoring via policy based management (2004)

The size and number of network-element and service-node types are growing in 3/sup rd/ generation wireless systems, which are becoming more and more complex. Policy-based management is a cornerstone for simplifying the management and reducing operating costs of these networks. This paper provides an update on how the policy paradigm is supporting and facilitating the network and operations management of the 3G networks.
Are caspases involved in the death of cells with a transcriptionally inactive nucleus? Sperm and chicken erythrocytes (1998)

We show that mouse sperm die spontaneously within 1-2 days in culture and that treatment with either staurosporine (STS) and cycloheximide (CHX) or a peptide caspase inhibitor does not accelerate or delay the cell death. Chicken erythrocytes, by contrast, are induced to die by either serum deprivation or treatment with STS and CHX, and embryonic erythrocytes are more sensitive than adult erythrocytes to both treatments. Although these erythrocyte deaths display a number of features that are characteristic of apoptosis, they are not blocked, or even delayed, by peptide caspase inhibitors, and most of the cells die without apparently activating caspases. A small proportion of the dying erythrocytes do activate caspase-3, but even these cells, which seem to be the least mature erythrocytes, die just as quickly in the presence of caspase inhibitors. Our findings raise the possibility that both mouse sperm and chicken erythrocytes have a death programme that may not depend on caspases and that chicken erythrocytes lose caspases as they mature. Chicken erythrocytes may provide a useful 'stripped down' cell system to try to identify the protein components of such a death programme, which may serve to back-up the conventional caspase-dependent suicide mechanism in many cell types.
Epidemiology of Adverse Drug Reactions (1967)

I would like to conclude by citing two rather interesting observations we have made. Three-quarters of all the patients in all our surveillance who have allergic reactions to drugs have had peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, or neoplastic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Of these patients, three-quarters of the drugs producing allergic reactions are administered orally. The rates of allergic reactions to individual drugs in patients with gastrointestinal disease as opposed to those without gastrointestinal disease receiving the same medication, are significantly increased. What the impact is of inflammatory gastrointestinal disease 1) upon the absorption of the drug, 2) upon its metabolism, and 3) upon its antigenicity has not been investigated before. But from these studies it is suggested that inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract may be an important factor predisposing patients receiving oral drugs to occurrence of allergic reactions. It has commonly been supposed that patients with autoimmunological disorders, e.g., system lupus erythematous, may have a predisposition to multiple allergic reactions to drugs. In our evaluation of this problem, there is no significant increase in the occurrence of allergic reactions to drugs in these patients.