gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opsonizing antibodies, host factors, and the limulus assay for endotoxin (1975)

The role of endotoxin in the pathophysiology of human gram-negative rod bacteremia is controversial. Gelation of lysates prepared from the amebocytes of Limulus polyphemus is a highly sensitive means for quantifying endotoxin-like activity in vitro, but variable results have been reported in several clinical studies. We performed limulus tests on plasmas obtained simultaneously with culture-positive blood from 68 patients with gram-negative bacteremia and related results to heat-stable opsonizing activity against the autologous infection strain. Overall, limulus positivity was 52% in this series. Positive tests were observed with 78% of plasmas with opsonic titers is less than or greater to 1:20 but with only 27% of plasmas whose titers were is greater than or equal to 1:80 (P less than 0.005). There was a strong association of positive tests with leukopenia. thrombocytopenia, and more severe underlying disease. In vitro study showed a 10-fold reduction in the sensitivity of the gelation test by antibodies against the endotoxin used and an additional 10-fold reduction when the test system included phagocytic cells.
Analysis and Modeling of Unified User Interest (2017)

This paper compares alternative user interest models created by aggregating an individual's interest expressed through their interactions with multiple everyday applications. A local service unobtrusively observes user interactions with these applications as well as the content authored, annotated, and consumed in them to understand the user interests expressed through these applications. An open question is the relative importance of the authored-text, annotated-text, and implicit feedback generated in each application when identifying users' real interests. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the recommendation support from semi-explicit user interest models (authored/annotated text) and unified user interest models (implicit feedback + semi-explicit). Results indicate both these models are successful in allowing users to locate the content easily based on subtle changes of user's indirect and semi-direct interest indicators.
Is <i>mda-7/IL-24</i> a “Magic Bullet” for Cancer? (2005)

The "holy grail" of cancer therapy is to identify and exploit genetic elements and signal transduction pathways capable of selectively destroying tumor cells without eliciting harmful effects in normal cells or tissues. To achieve this objective, subtraction hybridization was combined with a "differentiation therapy" model of cancer in which human melanoma cells were induced to revert to a more "normal" state, growth arrest irreversibly, and terminally differentiate by treatment with fibroblast IFN and mezerein. This strategy permitted the cloning of a variety of genes involved in regulating important physiologic processes, including cell cycle, response to cytokines and viruses, tumorigenesis and metastasis, cancer growth control, apoptosis, and senescence. A specific gene, melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24), displaying cancer-specific apoptosis-inducing properties isolated using this scheme has now come into the limelight as a new gene therapy for divergent cancers. Although the mechanism of cancer cell selectivity of mda-7/IL-24 remains to be delineated, numerous attributes enable this gene as an effective therapy for cancer, including an ability to discriminate between normal and cancer cells, induce apoptosis in diverse tumor cells, promote "bystander" antitumor effects, inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in animal models, synergize with radiation, and modulate immune responses. These unique features combined with successful transition into the clinic instill confidence that mda-7/IL-24, as a single or more likely as part of a combinatorial approach, may provide profound therapeutic benefit for cancer patients.
A Portable Thermistor Bridge for Micro-meteorology Among Growing Crops (1949)

Using thermistors, a portable unit has been built to measure temperature humidity and wind speed among growing potato crops in connexion with an investigation into factors affecting the spread of virus disease.
Microstructure and Microsegregation of an Inconel 625 Weld Overlay Produced on Steel Pipes by the Cold Metal Transfer Technique (2014)

Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the development of microstructure and variations in chemical composition in commercial Inconel 625 coatings on a ferritic-pearlitic steel overlaid by the CMT method. The investigation showed that microsegregation occurring during the weld overlay solidification makes the dendrite cores to be richer in Ni, Fe and Cr and in the between dendrite arms in Mo and Nb. Niobium shows the strongest tendency to segregation during solidification; molybdenum tends to segregate less and chromium has the lowest tendency to segregation. Although Inconel 625 is a solid solution strengthened alloy, Nb and Mo-rich phases are formed in the between dendrite arms of weld overlays.
X-UV Absorption Spectroscopy with Laser-Produced Plasmas: A Review (1991)

Exteme-ultraviolet (X-UV) absorption spectroscopy has gained impetus in recent years, spurred on by a growing interest in the physics of core excited atomic, molecular and solid species. Progress in this field has been helped in no small measure by developments in X-UV light sources. One such source is the laser-produced plasma which, by suitable choice of target material, can be used to produce a clean, line free continuum virtually throughout the X-UV and V-UV spectral regions from 40-2000 Å. We briefly address here the issues surrounding the origin and characteristics of laser-plasma continuum light sources. In addition we review progress to date on the application of these sources to the study of the X-UV photoabsorption spectra of atoms, ions and molecules.
Web Site (2012)

Essential Microeconomics is designed to help students deepen their understanding of the core theory of microeconomics. Unlike other texts, this book focuses on the most important ideas and does not attempt to be encyclopedic. Two-thirds of the textbook focuses on price theory. As well as taking a new look at standard equilibrium theory, there is extensive examination of equilibrium under uncertainty, the capital asset pricing model, and arbitrage pricing theory. Choice over time is given extensive coverage and includes a basic introduction to control theory. The final third of the book, on game theory, provides a comprehensive introduction to models with asymmetric information. Topics such as auctions, signaling and mechanism design are made accessible to students who have a basic rather than a deep understanding of mathematics. Examples and diagrams are used to illustrate issues as well as formal derivations.
Control of aminophosphine chelate ring-opening in Pt(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes: potential dual-mode anticancer agents (2001)

We show that bis(aminophosphine) complexes of the type [M(R1R2N(CH2)nPPh2)2]2+, M = Pt(II) or Pd(II), can exist in chelate ring-closed and ring-opened forms both in the solid state and in aqueous solution. The equilibrium between them in solution can be controlled by the nature of the groups R1 and R2 (H, Me, Bz, cyclohexyl), by the bridge length n, and by the pH and Cl− concentration. X-Ray crystal structures are reported for the ring-closed complexes cis-[Pt(H2N(CH2)2PPh2-P,N)2]Cl2, cis-[Pt(H2N(CH2)3PPh2-P,N)2]Cl2, and cis-[Pt(Me(H)N(CH2)2PPh2-P,N)2][HCl2]2, the mono-ring-opened complex cis-[Pd(Me2N(CH2)2PPh2-N,P)Cl(Me2NH(CH2)2PPh2-P)](NO3)2, the di-ring-opened complex cis-[Pt(Me2N(CH2)3PPh2-P)2Cl2], and, for comparison, the monochelate cis-[Pd(Me2N(CH2)3PPh2-N,P)Cl2]. These square-planar complexes exhibit varying degrees of distortion and variable M–N bond lengths dependent not only on the trans influence of P but also on steric effects within the complex. pH-induced chelate ring-opening of cis-[Pt(Me2N(CH2)2PPh2-P,N)2]Cl2 had an associated pK value of 6.9. In contrast, complexes with R1 and R2 = H, n = 2 or 3 or R1 = H and R2 = Me, n = 2, are more difficult to ring-open. Thus the complexes cis-[Pt(Me(H)N(CH2)2PPh2-P,N)2]Cl2 and cis-[Pt(H2N(CH2)3PPh2-P,N)2]Cl2, had associated pK values of 2.1 and 2.9, respectively. These aminophosphine complexes may exhibit anticancer activity by two mechanisms: by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potentials as bis-chelated (ring-closed) lipophilic cations, or by direct binding to DNA bases as ring-opened complexes.
Genetic Regulation of Fruit Development and Ripening (2004)

Fruit development and ripening are unique to plants and represent an important component of human and animal diets. Recent discoveries have shed light on the molecular basis of developmental ripening control, suggested common regulators of climacteric and nonclimacteric ripening physiology, and
Quantitation of Perfluorocarbon Blood Substitutes in Tissues using F-19 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1992)

F-19 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to quantitate the biodistribution of perfluorocarbon (PFC) blood substitutes in porcine tissues following intraperitoneal administration of a 20% w/v perfluorotributylamine (FC-43) based emulsion. PFC tissue concentrations were determined for spleen, liver and lung tissues from juvenile pigs ranging in weight from 12 to 15 kg. Typical average values (mmoles FC-43/gram tissue) ranged from 0.23-0.39 for spleen; 0.09-0.13 for liver; and 0.09-0.12 for lung. A description of this spectroscopy based quantitation technique will be presented. F-19 MRS is a specific, rapid, and accurate method for measurement of PFC tissue concentrations.
Prophylactic immunization against experimental leishmaniasis. VI. Comparison of protective and disease-promoting T cells. (1987)

In previous studies, we reported that mice immunized i.v. with lethally irradiated Leishmania major promastigotes developed substantial resistance to a subsequent L. major infection. However, such protection could be totally suppressed by prior s.c. injection with the same antigens. Both the protective immunity and the inhibition of its induction could be adoptively transferred with specific Lyt-2- T cells. Here, we present evidence showing that protection and disease promotion resulting from i.v. or s.c. immunization, respectively, are mediated by functionally distinct subsets of T cells. In a series of titration experiments, it was found that freshly isolated T cells derived from prophylactically i.v. immunized BALB/c mice were either protective (greater than 10(7) cells/recipient) or ineffective (less than 10(7) cells/recipient). No exacerbation of disease was observed at any dose. Conversely, T cells from mice immunized s.c. either accelerated disease development and inhibited protective immunization (greater than 10(7) cells/recipient) or had no effect (less than 10(7) cells/recipient). No protection was observed at any dose tested. In mixed transfer experiments, increasing numbers of T cells from s.c. immunized donors progressively inhibited the protective effect of T cells from i.v. immunized donors. Supernatant of T cell cultures from protectively immunized donors contained substantial macrophage-activating factor whereas such activity was not detectable in the supernatant of T cell culture from s.c. immunized donors. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that the spleen and lymph nodes of normal, i.v., or s.c. immunized BALB/c mice contained similar ratios of L3T4+ cells and Lyt-2+ cells.
Angiogenesis stimulated by novel nanoscale bioactive glasses (2015)

The ability of biomaterials to induce rapid vascular formation is critical in tissue regeneration. Combining recombinant angiogenic growth factors with bioengineered constructs have proven to be difficult due to several issues, including the instability of recombinant proteins, the need for sustained delivery and the dosage of factors. New formulations of bioactive glass, 58S nanosized bioactive glass (58S-NBG), have been reported to enhance wound healing in animal models better than the first generation of 45S5 Bioglass. Therefore, we investigated the effects of extracts of 58S-NBG and 80S-NBG on cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell viability was assessed by MTS assay. In vitro angiogenesis was measured using an ECM gel tube formation assay, and levels of mRNAs for five angiogenic related genes were measured by qRT-PCR. Extracts of 58S-NBG and 80S-NBG stimulated the proliferation of HUVECs, accelerated cell migration, up-regulated expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, their receptors, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, resulting in enhanced tube formation in vitro. The enhanced angiogenic response correlated with increased levels of Ca and Si in the extracts of 58S-NBG and 80S-NBG. The ability of 58S-NBG and 80S-NBG to stimulate angiogenesis in vitro provides alternative approaches for stimulating neovascularization of tissue-engineered constructs.
Two Case Reports of Resensitization to Previous Chemotherapy with the Novel Hypoxia-Activated Hypomethylating Anticancer Agent RRx-001 in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients (2014)

The development of chemoresistance is a persistent problem during the treatment of cancer. Although reversion or modification of acquired chemoresistance has been previously observed, no systematic exploration has been undertaken. Here, we report a case study of 2 male patients, 62 and 66 years old, both with histologically proven, radiologically progressing, extensively pretreated, metastatic and refractory (≥2 conventional regimens and drug therapy) colorectal adenocarcinoma that was previously treated with FOLFIRI. The patients were resensitized to FOLFIRI after exposure to RRx-001 in the context of a phase-1 study. RRx-001 is a novel, hypomethylating and free-radical-inducing anticancer agent that activates nitrite reduction to NO under hypoxia and has an impact on epigenetic pathways. The repression of DNA methyltransferase 1 by RRx-001 may lead to demethylation and reexpression of silenced tumor suppressor genes, leading to resensitization. These examples provide insight into a nascent strategy to improve the prognosis in heavily pretreated cancer patients and suggest routes for further exploration.
Coupled-wave theory for multiply exposed thick holographic gratings (1975)

A coupled-wave analysis is given for Bragg-angle diffraction of light within a thick holographic emulsion containing two incoherently superimposed phase gratings with a common Bragg angle. Algebraic formulas are given for the amplitude of the coupled diffracted waves. Applications to holographic multi-beam splitters and beam combiners are given and experimental verification is discussed.
Disturbances of Micturition and Defaecation due to Aneurysms of Anterior Communicating or Anterior Cerebral Arteries (1966)

I T WAS shown b y A n d r e w a n d N a t h a n 1 in a p r e v i o u s p a p e r t h a t lesions of a m e d i a l a n t e r i o r reg ion of t he f ron t a l lobes cause d i s t u r b a n c e s of m i c t u r i t i o n a n d less o f ten of de faeca t ion . T h e d i so rde r cons is ts of f r e q u e n c y a n d u r g e n c y of m i c t u r i t ion , p e r h a p s l e ad ing to incon t inence . T h e p a t i e n t has a r educed awarenes s of al l vesical even t s ; t h e sensa t ion g iv ing rise to t he des i re to m i c t u r a t e is d i m i n i s h e d or absen t , a n d the s ensa t ion t h a t m i c t u r i t i o n is imm i n e n t m a y also be d i m i n i s h e d or lost . Al l s ensa t ions a s s o c i a t e d w i th m i c t u r i t i o n m a y be lacking. T h e b l a d d e r e m p t i e s when i t cont a i n s less t h a n t h e n o r m a l a m o u n t of ur ine , so t h a t i t s f u n c t i o n a l c a p a c i t y becomes reduced . T h e r e is also a p a r t i a l or c o m p l e t e i m p a i r m e n t of t he a b i l i t y to suppress t h e m i c t u r i t i o n reflex or to i n h i b i t i t once i t has begun . S o m e t i m e s t h e r e is t he same d i s o r d e r of de faeca t ion , a l t h o u g h th i s is less c o m m o n a n d less severe . A lesion in t h e s ame region of t h e b r a i n some t imes causes r e t e n t i o n of ur ine , a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e same loss of awareness . T h e loca t ion of t he lesion caus ing these d i s t u r b a n c e s was shown to be t h a t reg ion of t h e supe r io r f r on t a l gy rus where a r eas F B a n d F C o v e r l a p ; i t s l a t e r a l e x t e n t is a l i t t l e l a t e r a l to t he t i p of t h e l a t e r a l ven t r ic les . T h e region inc ludes t h e p a r t s of t h e f r o n t a l lobe deep to th i s reg ion of co r tex a n d invo lves some of a r ea L A of t he a n t e r i o r c ingu l a t e a rea . Th i s reg ion of t he b r a i n is shown in F ig . 1, a, b, a n d c. T h e p u r p o s e of t he p r e s e n t p a p e r is to p r e s e n t a g r o u p of cases, showing t h a t dist u r b a n c e s of m i c t u r i t i o n a n d de faeca t i on can occur w i t h a n e u r y s m s af fec t ing t h e reg ion where t he ro s t r a l p a r t of t h e d iencepha lon m e e t s t h e t e l e n c e p h a l o n ; to cor re la te these lesions w i th ou r p r e s e n t knowledge of
A 40nm fully functional SRAM with BL swing and WL pulse measurement scheme for eliminating a need for additional sensing tolerance margins (2011)

A method for direct measurements of bit-line (BL) swing, sense amplifier (SA) offset and word-line (WL) pulse width is demonstrated in a 40nm CMOS 32kb fully functional SRAM macro with <2% area penalty. This allows, for the first time, deciding the best tuning option for WL-pulse (WLP) width based on the results being measured on site for BL swing and dynamic read/write stability (DRWS), which both depend on WLP width. It has enabled to eliminate a need of additional margin for BL swing, which was conventionally needed for ensuring tolerance against its simulation errors and inaccurate SA-offset estimation. As a result, it was found that more aggressive option for WLP width could be chosen while ensuring the target BL swing.
Races of<i>Phytophthora sojae</i>in Iowa Soybean Fields (1996)

During 1991 to 1994, Phytophthora sojae was isolated from plants or soils in 50 Iowa counties. Eighty-two isolates from soil and 124 isolates from diseased soybean plants were collected and tested. Of the 206 isolates tested, 178 were classified into races; the other 28 isolates could not be classified due to intermediate reactions. Isolates represented races 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 13, 15, and 25. Race 3 was the dominant race from samples of diseased plants, consisting of 30 and 50% of isolates in 1991 and 1994, respectively. Race 1 was the dominant race from soil samples, ranging from 34 to 45% over the years. One new race (virulence formula = 1a, 1c, 1d, 1k,7) was identified. Our results suggest that P. sojae has greater diversity in virulence than in 1966 when race 1 was first found in Iowa.
Bases de la documentación lingüística. Versión inglesa por Gippert: Nikolaus P. Himmelmann y Ulrike Mosel. Versión en español coordinada por John B. Haviland y José Antonio Flores Farfán. (2009)

Mas que ser un manual de tecnicas de campo; Bases de la documentacion linguistica ofrece un conjunto muy valioso de reflexiones sobre ese tema. La traduccion en espanol que nos ofrece el inali; gracias a la iniciativa de John B. Haviland; se convierte en una referencia indispensable para quienes trabajamos con lenguas indigenas; pero tambien para quienes esten involucrados directamente en la recoleccion y el manejo de datos linguisticos en general (piensese en estudios variacionistas o de adquisicion del lenguaje); e incluso para antropologos o etnologos interesados en trabajar directamente con practicas linguisticas de una comunidad dada; indigena o no.
Nonlinear photoluminescence from van Hove singularities in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2003)

Van Hove singularities (VHS) in the density of states of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been observed by optical spectroscopy for the first time to the authors' knowledge. Additionally, unexpected visible luminescence has been observed on photoexcitation at 1064 nm. This luminescence is believed to arise from radiative transitions between energy states in the VHS. A mechanism describing the underlying processes, which involve multiphoton absorption followed by upconverted luminescence from VHS energy states, is presented. Our results show that the presence of VHS readily facilitates efficient optical transitions in
RNA pseudoknots and the regulation of protein synthesis (2008)

RNA pseudoknots are structural elements found in almost all classes of RNA. Pseudoknots form when a single-stranded region in the loop of a hairpin base-pairs with a stretch of complementary nucleotides elsewhere in the RNA chain. This simple folding strategy is capable of generating a large number of stable three-dimensional folds that display a diverse range of highly specific functions in a variety of biological processes. The present review focuses on pseudoknots that act in the regulation of protein synthesis using cellular and viral examples to illustrate their versatility. Emphasis is placed on structurally well-defined pseudoknots that play a role in internal ribosome entry, autoregulation of initiation, ribosomal frameshifting during elongation and trans-translation.
정책학에서 민주주의 실천방법에 관한 연구 (2004)

민주주의는 정책학의 존재가치이지만 과학적 기술이론이 정책학을 지배하면서 중요한 연구주제가 되지 못했다. 그나마 정책학의 탄생지인 미국을 중심으로 소수 학자들에 의하여 참여민주주의가 연구되고 있지만 정책현장에서 민주주의 실천방법에 관한 연구는 미약한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 참여민주주의를 전제로 하는 입장에서 탈피하여 민주주의의 다양한 실천방법을 제시해 보았다. 즉 민주주의 실천은 담론과 토론에 의한 합의된 결론에 도달하여 공동으로 정책을 결정하고 집행할 수 있어야 가능하다는 숙의민주주의와, 사이버공간에서 정보의 전달과 공유에 의한 진정한 참여와 숙의 민주주의를 가능하게 할 전자민주주의 방법과, 수신(修身)을 중심으로 하는 민본주의의 동양사상에 의한 민주주의, 그리고 정책관료 조직과 개인의 민주주의 신장에 의한 관료민주주의 방법 등이 유기체적으로 응용될 수 있어야 정책학의 민주주의는 실현될 수 있다고 보았다. 이와 같은 민주주의의 다양한 방법이 서로를 배척하는 입장이 아니라 상호간에 유기체적으로 응용될 수 있는 방법을 연구하고 이를 발달시킨다면 정책학에서의 민주주의는 더욱 실천적으로 발달될 것이고 나아가 정책학의 존재가치도 달성될 것이다. 그러나 이와 같은 유기체적 방법이 앞으로 동양사상에 기초한 민주주의 이론으로 발달될 수 있는 연구가 보완되어야 할 것이다.