gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of DNA synthesis and tube morphogenesis of cultured vascular endothelial cells by chondromodulin‐I (1997)

Cartilage is an avascular tissue, and exhibits anti-angiogenic properties. Cartilage extracts have been shown to contain an inhibitor for DNA synthesis in vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Here we purified the inhibitory activity in the 10-50 kDa fraction of guanidine extracts from fetal bovine epiphyseal cartilage, and found that the inhibitor was identical with chondromodulin-I (ChM-I). Purified ChM-I inhibited tube morphogenesis of cultured vascular endothelial cells, as well as DNA synthesis. These results indicate that cartilage-specific glycoprotein ChM-I may participate in the maintenance of avascularity and anti-angiogenic properties of cartilage.
Engineering processes using IEC 61850 (2009)

Substation secondary system engineering has remained generally unchanged for over a hundred years based on physical construction being largely based on wire connections between plant and equipment. IEC 61850 allows replacement of wire based systems with communication based operation of the substation automation system generally operating over a Local Area Network. As such new engineering processes, specifications and tools are required combined with new skills across the collective substation engineering community.
High Frequency Thermal Energy Harvesting Using Magnetic Shape Memory Films (2014)

A new method for thermal energy harvesting at small temperature difference and high cycling frequency is presented that exploits the unique magnetic properties and actuation capability of magnetic shape memory alloy (MSMA) films. Polycrystalline films of the Ni 50.4 Co 3.7 Mn 32.8 In 13.1 alloy are tailored, showing a large abrupt change of magnetization and low thermal hysteresis well above room temperature. Based on this material, a free‐standing film device is designed that exhibits thermomagnetically induced actuation between a heat source and sink with short heat transfer times. The cycling frequency of the device is tuned by mechanical frequency up‐conversion to over 200 Hz. An integrated pick‐up coil converts the thermally induced change of magnetization as well as the kinetic energy to electricity. For a temperature change of 10 K, the maximum peak power density is in the order of 5 mW cm ‐3 .
Calibrating Reflectance Measurements to Predict Optimal Sidedress Nitrogen Rate for Corn (2009)

Optimal N fertilizer rate for corn ( Zea mays L.) and other crops can vary substantially within and among fields. Current N management practices do not address this variability. Nitrogen‐stressed corn reflects more visible light than N‐sufficient corn, possibly providing a basis for diagnosing optimal sidedress N rate in a growing crop. Our objective was to calibrate reflectance measurements to predict economically optimal N rate (EONR) of corn in Missouri. We conducted eight field experiments with N rate treatments in which reflectance was measured at the V6 growth stage in plots that had received 0, 110, or ≥220 kg N ha −1 at planting. Reflectance was measured in eight wavebands (510–830 nm) using a passive radiometer in three orientations (straight down, angled forward, and angled diagonally across rows). Reflectance ratios (relative to reflectance from high‐N plots) were necessary to produce good relationships with EONR. We observed r 2 from 0.56 to 0.76 between relative reflectance and EONR for all visible (510–710 nm) wavelengths in all measurement orientations except 610 diagonal. The highest r 2 values were observed for relative 510‐, 560‐, and 710‐nm reflectance in the straight down orientation. The straight down orientation is preferable for use in field applications because it gave predictions as good as or better than the other orientations, while avoiding the complexities associated with angled orientations. Combinations of wavelengths did not have a stronger relationship with EONR than individual visible wavelengths, but all visible/NIR ratios gave r 2 ≥ 0.43 in all orientations, with many above 0.6. Calibrations such as those presented here could be used to convert reflectance measurements to N rate recommendations during variable‐rate sidedressing of corn.
Aspects of Diplomatic Language (2003)

Diplomatic activities require a good mastery of diplomatic language.Diplomatic language,quite different from other languages,is particular about circumlocution,implication,vagueness,eclecticism,and in some cases even tautologywords.Therefore,“reading”diplomatic tanguage is like peeling off bamboo shoots,layer upon tayer,till you “see”its truth.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Lanthanum Phosphate and Its Use as a Novel Sorbent (2006)

Mesoporous 镧磷酸盐被综合由超分子在磷的酸的 cetyltrimethylammonium 溴化物和镧硝酸盐追随者消化自己组装。TGA-DTA， XRD 和 SEM 被采用学习 uncalcined 并且锻烧材料。 Cr ( III )的吸着行为， Mn ( II )， Fe ( III )，公司( II )， Ni ( II )， Cu ( II )， Zn ( II )， Cd ( II )， Ba ( II )， Hg ( II )和 Pb ( II )阳离子在水里在如此的材料上被学习， 3 摩尔晥楦楣湥？
LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS OF “Cpep” RNA MONOMERS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN AUTOMATED RNA SYNTHESIS (2005)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are the latest candidates for oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. Should siRNA be successful in clinical trials, a huge demand for synthetic RNA is anticipated. We believe that 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-ethoxypiperidin-4-yl (Cpep) is an ideal 2'-protecting group for large-scale syntheses. Unlike 2'-silyl groups, mild acid hydrolysis instead of fluoride ion is used for the 2'-deprotection. The syntheses of 2'-Cpep protected nucleosides (A, C, G, and U) has been accomplished on a 0.5 Kg scale. The 2'-Cpep monomers were transformed into 3'-O-phosphoramidites for conventional automated solid-phase synthesis. Cost-effective processes for large-scale synthesis of Cpep monomers and initial automated solid-phase synthesis are demonstrated.
Experimental validation of a robust diagnostic index for induction motors stator faults (2005)

Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) is used for non-invasive diagnosis of incipient or actual faults of grid supplied induction machine stator defects, being the negative sequence component of current space vector the diagnostic index most widely used. Supply unbalance and load influence of the machine however affect the negative component and they may cause the failure of the diagnostic procedure. Recently, deceleration test that may remove some drawbacks of MCSA has been proposed for rotor and stator fault diagnosis. In this paper it is shown that the residual voltage signature analysis (RVSA) obtained by the deceleration test provides, once removed the intrinsic manufacturing asymmetry, a diagnostic index directly related to the percentage of shorted turns. The main advantage of RVSA is that any influence caused by the supply unbalance and load is masked. Therefore a new diagnostic index is presented that is the residual voltage negative sequence component. The novel index performances have been proofed thanks to a simplified model of the faulted machine and experimentally validated by a special test motor that allows the introduction of different short circuits. This novel index can be used to confirm the MCSA-based diagnostic procedure developed by the same authors.
A genome-wide gain-of-function analysis of rice genes using the FOX-hunting system (2007)

The latest report has estimated the number of rice genes to be approximately 32,000. To elucidate the functions of a large population of rice genes and to search efficiently for agriculturally useful genes, we have been taking advantage of the Full-length cDNA Over-eXpresser (FOX) gene-hunting system. This system is very useful for analyzing various gain-of-function phenotypes from large populations of transgenic plants overexpressing cDNAs of interest and others with unknown or important functions. We collected the plasmid DNAs of 13,980 independent full-length cDNA (FL-cDNA) clones to produce a FOX library by placing individual cDNAs under the control of the maize Ubiquitin-1 promoter. The FOX library was transformed into rice by Agrobacterium-mediated high-speed transformation. So far, we have generated approximately 12,000 FOX-rice lines. Genomic PCR analysis indicated that the average number of FL-cDNAs introduced into individual lines was 1.04. Sequencing analysis of the PCR fragments carrying FL-cDNAs from 8615 FOX-rice lines identified FL-cDNAs in 8225 lines, and a database search classified the cDNAs into 5462 independent ones. Approximately 16.6% of FOX-rice lines examined showed altered growth or morphological characteristics. Three super-dwarf mutants overexpressed a novel gibberellin 2-oxidase gene,confirming the importance of this system. We also show here the other morphological alterations caused by individual FL-cDNA expression. These dominant phenotypes should be valuable indicators for gene discovery and functional analysis.
Deconstructing cell determination: proneural genes and neuronal identity (1999)

Vertebrates express scores of bHLH proteins during neural development. Earlier studies inspired by the established role of "proneural" genes in fly neurogenesis, as well as by the vertebrate bHLH myogenic program, focused on the reconstruction of bHLH gene cascades, which are thought to control successive steps leading to neuronal differentiation. Little attention has been paid thus far to the relationship between the diversity of neural bHLH genes and the diversity of neuronal phenotypes. This article reviews recent evidence that, akin to their fly counterparts, vertebrate neural bHLH genes probably confer not only "generic" neuronal properties, but also neuronal type-specific properties, inextricably linking neural determination and the specification of neuronal identity. We also speculate on the relations between positional information and gene activity, and on the evolutionary significance of the diversity of bHLH genes.
Dissolution of Olivine, Siderite, and Basalt at 80 Deg C in 0.1 M H2SO4 in a Flow Through Process: Insights into Acidic Weathering on Mars (2012)

The occurrence of jarosite, other sulfates (e.g., Mg-and Ca-sulfates), and hematite along with silicic-lastic materials in outcrops of sedimentary materials at Meridiani Planum (MP) and detection of silica rich deposits in Gusev crater, Mars, are strong indicators of local acidic aqueous processes [1,2,3,4,5]. The formation of sediments at Meridiani Planum may have involved the evaporation of fluids derived from acid weathering of Martian basalts and subsequent diagenesis [6,7]. Also, our previous work on acid weathering of basaltic materials in a closed hydro-thermal system was focused on the mineralogy of the acid weathering products including the formation of jarosite and gray hematite spherules [8,9,10]. The object of this re-search is to extend our earlier qualitative work on acidic weathering of rocks to determine acidic dissolution rates of Mars analog basaltic materials at 80 C using a flow-thru reactor. We also characterized residual phases, including poorly crystalline or amorphous phases and precipitates, that remained after the treatments of olivine, siderite, and basalt which represent likely MP source rocks. This study is a stepping stone for a future simulation of the formation of MP rocks under a range of T and P.
Effect of chemical defoliation on boll opening percentage, yield and quality parameters of Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) (2001)

A field experiment was conducted during kharif of 2008 and 2009 to study the effect of chemical defoliation on boll opening percentage (BOP), yield and quality parameters of Bt Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experi- ment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications comprising twelve treatments, viz. control, thidiazuron 100, 150 and 200 g/ha, ethrel 1.0 and 1.5 l/ha applied at 40 or 60 BOP and gramoxone (paraquat) 1.0 l/ha applied after first picking. Defoliation with ethrel 1.5 l/ha at 60 BOP resulted in higher number of picked bolls/plant and BOP when compared with control. However, maximum seed cotton yield was obtained with ethrel at 1.0 l/ha (2.27 and 1.96 t/ha) and it was followed by thidiazuron 100 g/ha (2.21 and 1.92 t/ha) applied at 60 BOP. Gramoxone (paraquat) application at 1.0 l/ha after first picking failed to exert any significant influence on seed cotton yield and yield contributing characters. The B:C ratio of thidiazuron 100 g/ha at 60 BOP was compara- tively higher when compared with rest of the defoliation treatments. Seed index, lint index, ginning-outturn, oil content (%) in seeds and fibre quality parameters, viz. 2.5 % span length, fibre bundle strength and fibre fineness were not significantly influenced by any of the defoliation treatment.
Presenilin-dependent Intramembrane Proteolysis of CD44 Leads to the Liberation of Its Intracellular Domain and the Secretion of an Aβ-like Peptide (2002)

Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated gamma-secretase is a presenilin (PS)- dependent proteolytic activity involved in the intramembraneous cleavage of the beta-amyloid precursor protein, Notch, LDL receptor-related protein, E-cadherin, and ErbB-4. This cut produces the corresponding intracellular domains (ICD), which are required for nuclear signaling of Notch and probably ErbB-4, the beta-amyloid precursor protein, E-cadherin, and the LDL receptor-related protein as well. We have now investigated CD44, a cell surface adhesion molecule, which also undergoes an intramembraneous cleavage to liberate its ICD. We demonstrate that this cleavage requires a PS-dependent gamma-secretase activity. A loss-of-function PS1 mutation, a PS1/PS2 knockout, as well as two independent and highly specific gamma-secretase inhibitors, abolish this cleavage. Surprisingly, small peptides similar to the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) are generated by an additional cut in the middle of the transmembrane region of CD44. Like Abeta, these CD44 beta-peptides are generated in a PS-dependent manner. These findings therefore suggest a dual intramembraneous cleavage mechanism mediated by PS proteins. The dual cleavage mechanism is required for nuclear signaling as well as removal of remaining transmembrane domains, a general function of PS in membrane protein metabolism.
Anger and Hostility in Tension‐Type Headache (1991)

A battery of standardized psychometric tests was administered to a group of 47 episodic tension-type headache sufferers and 47 headache-free controls. Compared to controls, headache subjects showed higher levels of anxiety, depression, and anger/hostility. The groups did not differ significantly on a measure of anger expressed toward persons or objects, but headache subjects showed significantly greater levels of suppressed anger. The results provide objective data that are in general agreement with predictions derived from psychosomatic theories about the interrelationships among anxiety,
Increased elasticity of a low-bandgap conjugated copolymer by random segmentation for mechanically robust solar cells (2014)

Random segmentation of unlike conjugated monomers within a low-bandgap polymer produces increased mechanical compliance without sacrificing photovoltaic performance.
Thermoelectric properties of unidirectionally solidified $Bi_{2}Te_{3}-PbBi_{4}Te_{7}$ eutectic alloys (1995)

In an effort to increase the thermoelectric figure of merit by reducing the thermal conductivity, the unidirectionally solidified n-type (Bi, Pb)-Te based alloys which form a eutectic lamellar structure were investigated with the microstructural control at various solidification conditions. lamellae were grown on cleavage plane(0001) of and the interlamellar spacing decreased from 10.4 to 3.2 with growth velocity variation from cm/sec to cm/sec. Seebeck coefficient was constant, =29 V/K regardless of growth direction, growth velocity and temperature gradient. Electrical conductivity showed a tendency to decrease slightly with growth velocity and it parallel to growth direction was about three times as large as perpendicular direction. The figures of merit were varied differently from Seebeck coefficients and electrical conductivities depending on the growth direction, growth velocity and temperature gradients. They showed the relative increase in case of perpendicular direction compared with parallel to growth direction. It is believed to be due to the reduction of the thermal conductivity according to decrease of the interlamellar spacing.
Roles of Ti, TiN, and WN as an Interdiffusion Barrier for Tungsten Dual Polygate Stack in Memory Devices (2007)

Tungsten dual polygate (W-DPG) stacks with diffusion barriers formed by the Ti(N) process were investigated in terms of gate contact resistance (Rc) and the polydepletion effect. The Ti layer in the Ti/WN diffusion barrier is found to be converted into a TiSix/TiN bilayer during the postdeposition annealing process. The TiSix reaction between Ti and p+ polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) effectively prevents the formation of a parasitic dielectric layer, which could lead to low-gate Rc. The TiN reaction between Ti and WN minimizes the occurrence of the TiSix reaction, which effectively reduces p+ polydepletion caused by the out-diffusion of boron during the postdeposition annealing process. Therefore, poly-Si/Ti/WN/W could be a promising tungsten dual polygate stack, which satisfies high-speed requirements in dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) devices.
Computer‐aided molecular design of solvents for separation processes (1994)

Abstract The search for potential solvents for liquid extraction and extractive distillation is carried out through a group contribution molecular design of solvents (MOLDES) approach. A set of submolecular groups (UNIFAC) is used for the synthesis of molecular structures with desired solvent properties. Submolecular group combination (linking) properties are characterized to ensure the chemical feasibility of the MOLDES generated molecular structures. The size of the combinatorial problem posed by the molecular synthesis procedure is reduced by group selection and by imposing physical and molecular constraints at different stages. Criteria are developed for solvent evaluation and the reliability of the VLE and the LLE UNIFAC parameter tables for solvent screening are compared with experimental data for the recovery of oxychemicals by liquid extraction from dilute aqueous solutions.
Effectiveness of a reusable low-cost balloon trocar dissection device in the creation of preperitoneal space during endoscopic surgery. An experimental study in swine (2015)

The new balloon device is not inferior to the commercially available device in terms of the safety and effectiveness for creating a preperitoneal space in swine.
Studies on Polynucleotides (1972)

Abstract The incorporation of ribonucleotides into DNA catalyzed by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I in the presence of Mn++ has been studied with two synthetic DNA's of defined sequence. In general agreement with the findings of Berg et al. ((1963) in Symposium on Informational Macromolecules, p. 467, Academic Press, New York), CMP and GMP could be incorporated at rates comparable to their deoxy analogs. AMP was incorporated only slowly and UMP was not incorporated at all. In studies of the fidelity of incorporation, misincorporation was observed at 37° in the presence of both GTP and CTP. The misincorporation was also observed at 10° in the presence of GTP but not in the presence of CTP. The sequence G-G was found to slow down subsequent nucleotide incorporation in the presence of GTP. The DNA's containing CMP or GMP were selectively cleaved by alkali or specific ribonucleases and expected products were thus obtained.
The Preemie Parents' Companion: The Essential Guide to Caring for Your Premature Baby in the Hospital, at Home, and Through the First Years (2000)

Everything you need to know as your premature baby grows. All new babies need love and attention. Premature babies, the finiest and most fragile of infants, need extra care. The Preemie Parents' Companion is a comprehensive guide for parents along every step of what is sure to be a journey full of challenges and rewards. Completely up-to-date and immensely reassuring, it covers: How to he informed partners with the healthcare team in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU); Coping with possible medical complications and their treatment; Ways to hold your baby, including kangaroo care, and how to interpret a premature babies' unique body language; The special feeding and nutritional needs; Getting the most from follow-up visits with your paediatrician; Weight, height, and other growth milestones; What to expect as your premature child progresses through toddlerhood and into preschool and school. With real-life stories from parents, easy-to-understand summaries of the latest research on pre-term children, and a wealth of reliable day-by-day, month-by-month guidance, this is an authorltative book full of wisdom and encouragement.
Context models in the MDL framework (2002)

Current approaches to speech and handwriting recognition demand a strong language model with a small number of states and an even smaller number of parameters. We introduce four new techniques for statistical language models: multicontextual modeling, nonmonotonic contexts, implicit context growth, and the divergence heuristic. Together these techniques result in language models that have few states, even fewer parameters, and low message entropies. For example, our techniques achieve a message entropy of 2.16 bits/char on the Brown corpus using only 19374 contexts and 54621 parameters. Multicontextual modeling and nonmonotonic contexts, are generalizations of the traditional context model. Implicit context growth ensures that the state transition probabilities of a variable-length Markov process are estimated accurately. This technique is generally applicable to any variable-length Markov process whose state transition probabilities are estimated from string frequencies. In our case, each state in the Markov process represents a context, and implicit context growth conditions the shorter contexts on the fact that the longer contexts did not occur. In a traditional unicontext model, this technique reduces the message entropy of typical English text by 0.1 bits/char. The divergence heuristic, is a heuristic estimation algorithm based on Rissanen's (1978, 1983) minimum description length (MDL) principle and universal data compression algorithm.
Collaborative Study of Modified AOAC Method of Analysis for Nitrite in Meat and Meat Products (1977)

Abstract A modified version of the AOAC method of analysis for nitrite in meat and meat products was tested collaboratively by 23 laboratories. Results were compared with those obtained by the official AOAC method. Recommended modifications include: (a) substitution of N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine and sulfanilamide for Griess reagent, (b) separate addition and 1:10 dilution of the above reagents, (c) 20 min color development and absorbance read at 540 nm, (d) substitution of NaNO2 for AgNO2 and NaCl, (e) omission of mercuric chloride, (f) screening of filter paper for nitrite contamination, (g) more precise dilution of sample aliquot, and (h) standard curve linear up to 10 μg N/50 ml. Results were statistically treated by Youden’s technique for comparing 2 methods, using a matched pair sample scheme. The random error for the modified method was significantly lower than the random error for the official method. A t-test showed no difference in bias between the 2 methods.