gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femoral Subtrochanteric Fracture in a man with Osteopetrosis; A Case Report (1999)

We report a 24-year-old man with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis who had successful treatment of a femoral subtrochanteric fracture by open reduction and allografting but without internal fixation. We put the allograft around the fracture site and no internal fixation was given. After oeration, the patient was kept on bed rest with skin traction for 6weeks , followed by 6 months of partial weight bearing with crutches. Bone union and full recovery of normal physical activity were achieved three years later and no complication such as osteomyeli-tis developed.
An intermittent-driven supply-current equalizer for 11x and 4x power-overhead savings in CPA-resistant 128bit AES cryptographic processor (2014)

A supply-current equalizer disables a Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) attack on an AES cryptographic processor. An intermittent equalizer operation only at processing rounds critical to key disclosure suppresses the equalizer power overhead significantly. For this low-power intermittent operation, a Thru operation mode is proposed with minimum hardware overhead. A level-shift comparator hides its own power consumption in an internal equalized virtual supply to guarantee secure protection of a secret key. Test-chip measurement in 0.18μm CMOS successfully demonstrates CPA-attack resiliency. For the key protection against mostly-common last-round CPA, the equalizer power overhead is reduced by 11x which is only 8% of 128bit AES processor power consumption, and by 4x even including the initial/1st-rounds CPA protection capability.
Uniaxial anisotropy in MgFe2−<i>y</i>Al<i>y</i>O4 (1975)

Single crystals of MgFe2−yAlyO4 (y=0−0.9) grown from PbO flux exhibit stripe−serpentine domains in (100) sections indicating an induced uniaxial anisotropy similar in behavior to that existing in rare−earth garnets. The anisotropy field was found to be less than 4πMs. The magnetization was found to be a complex function of temperature and aluminum content due to the variable tetrahedral occupation of the Mg2+ ion. This latter fact is proposed to account for the uniaxial anisotropy. Other low−moment spinel single crystals were grown with no observation of stripe domains.
Recognition of Ultra Low Resolution Word Images Using HMMs. (2008)

We report in this paper on significant improvements that we have been including in our HMM-based system for recognition of ultra low resolution, antialiased text with small point sizes such as those frequently found in web images. First we are proposing a fully automatic training procedure where no a priori knowledge of font metrics is needed. This means that our system can be potentially built to recognize any font. Second, the system’s performance can be boosted by using mixtures of Gaussians to model the probability density functions of the HMMs. Third, we show that these improvements allow the system to handle large vocabulary size up to 60’000 wordswith few degradation of the accuracy. We report on these results for 2 different font families, namely a serif and a sans serif font. We also report on different HMMs topologies and conclude on the benefits of using minimum duration to model the characters composing the words.
DB2: Concepts, Programming and Design (1990)

Relational Data Model (including Referential Integrity), SQL and DB2 Utilities, Query Processing and QMF, Catalog and Directory, Application Processing and CICS Transaction Management, Security and Authorization, Flow of SQL, Explain and Performance, Connection Protocols and Threads, Data Integrity, Locking and Concurrency, Logical Data Base Design, DB2 and IBM's System Application Architecture (SAA), OS2/EE and CSP, Distributed Data Management (DDBMS), IBM's Implementation of DDBMS in OS/2 and DB2.
36. Colchicine and related compounds. Part II. Synthesis of a simple analogue of N-acetylcolchinol methyl ether (1940)

J. W. Cook and L. L. Engel, J. Chem. Soc., 1940, 198 DOI: 10.1039/JR9400000198
Microprocessors and Digital Systems (1980)

Microprocessors and digital systems , Microprocessors and digital systems , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Morphological and chemical changes in palladium alloy gauzes used for platinum recovery in high‐pressure ammonia oxidation plants (1989)

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDX) and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to study platinum recovery by catchment on palladium alloy gauzes placed at the outlet of high‐pressure plants for ammonia oxidation. It has been found that Pt evaporated from the Pt–Rh catalyst gauzes is efficiently recovered by a pack of Pd gauzes situated downstream. During this process important geometrical, morphological and chemical changes take place. In general, the wire diameter increase depends on the gauze position in the pack and also on the initial wire diameter. This diameter increase, due to Pt alloying, is accompanied by deep recrystallization and faceting. Chemical analysis by both EDX and XPS revealed that the Pt/Pd ratios depend markedly on the position in the catchment pack, and also on the orientation with respect to the stream (front or back face). In addition, nodular Rh 2 O 3 particles randomly distributed over the Pd alloy surface have been observed. An explanation for these features is given.
Soluble Urokinase Receptor Levels in Plasma During 5 Years of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1???Infected Patients (2004)

High blood levels of the soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) strongly predict increased mortality in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. This study investigated the plasma concentration of suPAR in 29 treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients during 5 years treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Plasma suPAR decreased after introducing HAART, most pronounced during the first treatment year. The change in plasma suPAR was independent of changes in viral replication and CD4+ cells but it was strongly correlated with plasma levels of the soluble TNF receptor II. Compared with healthy individuals, plasma suPAR and sTN-FrII was increased in untreated patients. After initiating HAART, plasma sTNFrII remained increased whereas plasma suPAR decreased to a level comparable with healthy individuals. The present data indicate that the circulating suPAR level is linked to inflammation in untreated as well as HAART-treated HIV-1-infected patients.
Treatment of Macular Degeneration Using Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Preliminary Results in Asian Patients (2015)

Embryonic stem cells hold great promise for various diseases because of their unlimited capacity for self-renewal and ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. However, despite over 3 decades of research, there have been no reports on the safety and potential efficacy of pluripotent stem cell progeny in Asian patients with any disease. Here, we report the safety and tolerability of subretinal transplantation of human embryonic-stem-cell (hESC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium in four Asian patients: two with dry age-related macular degeneration and two with Stargardt macular dystrophy. They were followed for 1 year. There was no evidence of adverse proliferation, tumorigenicity, ectopic tissue formation, or other serious safety issues related to the transplanted cells. Visual acuity improved 9-19 letters in three patients and remained stable (+1 letter) in one patient. The results confirmed that hESC-derived cells could serve as a potentially safe new source for regenerative medicine.
Inhibition of human natural killer cell activity by cytophilic immunoglobulin G. (1982)

The natural killer (NK) cell activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) was found to be increased after incubation at 37 degrees C for 2 hr. The observed increase was shown to be associated with release from inhibition by human serum factors, because incubation in autologous serum interfered with augmentation. The serum-mediated effect appeared attributable to the degree of binding of labile IgG to PBL and could be reduced by selective depletion of IgG from the serum. Human monomeric IgG was found to efficiently inhibit the culture-induced augmentation of NK activity; the inhibitory IgG had properties consistent with those described for cytophilic IgG and was mediated through the Fc region of IgG. The inhibition by monomeric IgG occurred at 0 degrees C as well as at 37 degrees C and this could be induced even after culture-induced augmentation of NK activity. Thus, binding of monomeric IgG to human PBL appears to reversibly inhibit their NK activity. These results provide evidence for a novel mechanism for negative regulation of NK activity.
Pulse Oximetry: Theory and Applications for Noninvasive Monitoring (1992)

Noninvasive measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) by pulse oximetry is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important technological advances in monitoring clinical patients. Pulse oximeters compute SaO2 by measuring differences in the visible and near infrared absorbances of fully oxygenated and deoxygenated arterial blood. Unlike clinical blood gas analyzers, which require a sample of blood from the patient and can provide only intermittent measurement of patient oxygenation, pulse oximeters provide continuous, safe, and instantaneous measurement of blood oxygenation. Here I review the theoretical background behind this advanced technology, instrumentation requirements, practical instrument calibration, common features of commercial pulse oximeters, specific clinical applications, and performance limitations of pulse oximeters.
The use of DFT windows in signal-to-noise ratio and harmonic distortion computations (1994)

The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) can be used to compute the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and harmonic distortion of a waveform recorder. When the data record contains a non-integer number of cycles of the sine wave, energy leaks from the sine wave and its harmonics to adjacent frequencies. A.L. Benetazzo et al. (1992) describe a windowed DFT method for computing the RMS value of a sine wave from the magnitude of the main lobe of its DFT and recommend the use of minimum energy windows. We present criteria for choosing the DFT window. A constraint for the window coefficients is derived to insure that quantization error does not influence the estimate of the amplitude of a sine wave from the main lobe of its DFT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interconnect modeling for copper/low-k technologies (2004)

Interconnect parasitics are significant and complex components of circuit performance, signal integrity and reliability in IC design. Copper/low-k process effects are becoming increasingly important to accurately model interconnect parasitics. In this tutorial, four key aspects of copper/low-k interconnect process are discussed: Non-linear resistance, Selective Process Bias (SPB), dummy (fill) metal and process variations. Even if the interconnect process profile is accurately represented, approximations in parasitic extraction could cause large errors. Techniques used in parasitic extraction to model the copper/low-k effects are discussed in detail. Techniques to measure resistance and capacitance in silicon and correlating them to parasitic extraction tools are presented to demonstrate systematic validation interconnect parasitics.
Fracture-Targeted Delivery of β-Catenin Agonists <i>via</i> Peptide-Functionalized Nanoparticles Augments Fracture Healing (2017)

Despite several decades of progress, bone-specific drug delivery is still a major challenge. Current bone-acting drugs require high-dose systemic administration which decreases therapeutic efficacy and increases off-target tissue effects. Here, a bone-targeted nanoparticle (NP) delivery system for a β-catenin agonist, 3-amino-6-(4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-N-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) inhibitor, was developed to enhance fracture healing. The GSK-3β inhibitor loading capacity was found to be 15 wt % within highly stable poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)-b-poly(styrene) NPs, resulting in ∼50 nm particles with ∼ -30 mV surface charge. A peptide with high affinity for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a protein deposited by osteoclasts on bone resorptive surfaces, was introduced to the NP corona to achieve preferential delivery to fractured bone. Targeted NPs showed improved pharmacokinetic profiles with greater accumulation at fractured bone, accompanied by significant uptake in regenerative cell types (mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts). MSCs treated with drug-loaded NPs in vitro exhibited 2-fold greater β-catenin signaling than free drug that was sustained for 5 days. To verify similar activity in vivo, TOPGAL reporter mice bearing fractures were treated with targeted GSK-3β inhibitor-loaded NPs. Robust β-galactosidase activity was observed in fracture callus and periosteum treated with targeted carriers versus controls, indicating potent β-catenin activation during the healing process. Enhanced bone formation and microarchitecture were observed in mice treated with GSK-3β inhibitor delivered via TRAP-binding peptide-targeted NPs. Specifically, increased bone bridging, ∼4-fold greater torsional rigidity, and greater volumes of newly deposited bone were observed 28 days after treatment, indicating expedited fracture healing.
Mapping of the monoclonal antibody W6/32: sensitivity to the amino terminus of β<sub>2</sub>‐microglobulin (1998)

The monoclonal antibody W6/32 is one of the most commonly used pan-HLA-ABC antibodies in studying human MHC I structure and function. We have discovered that the reactivity of W6/32 is absolutely sensitive to the amino terminus of human beta2-microglobulin (hbeta2m). Bacterially expressed recombinant forms of hbeta2m that have been extensively used in structural and biochemical studies of MHC I molecules often have an additional methionine at their amino terminus. Cell surface MHC I molecules reconstituted with allele-specific peptides and recombinant hbeta2m are reactive with various HLA-specific mAbs, but not W6/32. In contrast, cell surface HLA molecules reconstituted with peptide and native hbeta2m, which has no amino terminal methionine, are recognized by W6/32 as well as other HLA-specific mAbs. Thus, the specificity of W6/32 includes the amino terminus of hbeta2m.
Role of the tachykinin NK1 receptor in a murine model of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation (2009)

These data suggest that the tachykinin NK1 receptor is involved in the accumulation of macrophages and dendritic cells in the airways upon CS-exposure and in the development of smoking-induced emphysema. As both inflammation of the airways and parenchymal destruction are important characteristics of COPD, these findings may have implications in the future treatment of this devastating disease.
Assessment of the CALIPSO Lidar 532 nm attenuated backscatter calibration using the NASA LaRC airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (2011)

Abstract. The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spacecraft has provided global, high-resolution vertical profiles of aerosols and clouds since it became operational on 13 June 2006. On 14 June 2006, the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) was deployed aboard the NASA Langley B-200 aircraft for the first of a series of 86 underflights of the CALIPSO satellite to provide validation measurements for the CALIOP data products. To better assess the range of conditions under which CALIOP data products are produced, these validation flights were conducted under both daytime and nighttime lighting conditions, in multiple seasons, and over a large range of latitudes and aerosol and cloud conditions. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the CALIOP 532 nm calibration (through the 532 nm total attenuated backscatter) using internally calibrated airborne HSRL underflight data and is the most extensive study of CALIOP 532 nm calibration. Results show that HSRL and CALIOP 532 nm total attenuated backscatter agree on average within 2.7% ± 2.1% (CALIOP lower) at night and within 2.9% ± 3.9% (CALIOP lower) during the day, demonstrating the accuracy of the CALIOP 532 nm calibration algorithms. Additionally, comparisons with HSRL show consistency of the CALIOP calibration before and after the laser switch in 2009 as well as improvements in the daytime version 3.01 calibration scheme compared with the version 2 calibration scheme. Potential biases and uncertainties in the methodology relevant to validating satellite lidar measurements with an airborne lidar system are discussed and found to be less than 4.5% ± 3.2% for this validation effort with HSRL. Results from this study are also compared with prior assessments of the CALIOP 532 nm attenuated backscatter calibration.
Clinical efficacy and recovery levels of recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven) in the treatment of intracranial haemorrhage in severe neonatal FVII deficiency (2000)

The use of replacement FVII is critical to the successful treatment of life-threatening bleeds in newborns and infants with severe FVII deficiency (<1%). However, the clinical efficacy, optimum dosage and pharmacologic recovery of rFVIIa in such children has not been studied systematically. This report is a case of an infant with severe FVII deficiency (FVII:C at 0%) and massive intracranial haemorrhage in which successful use of rFVIIa (NovoSeven) was carefully monitored. The drug was administered by intravenous bolus through a central line every 4 h at each of three dose levels: 15 microg kg-1, 22 microg kg-1 and 30 microg kg-1. FVII:C was >100% between 30 and 180 min after each infusion with mean trough levels above 25% for all three dose levels. There was no evidence of hyper-coagulation as indicated by measurements of the platelet count, D-dimer, plasma protamine paracoagulant and fibrinogen levels in spite of high FVII:C concentration. In this infant, rFVIIa was well-tolerated, maintained effective haemostasis with good clinical outcome, and produced consistent therapeutic mean trough levels above 25% FVII:C even at 15 microg kg-1 every 4 h.
Effects of Compositional and Granular Properties on the Pasting Viscosity of Rice Starch Blends (2003)

Abstract The changes in swelling power and pasting properties of suspensions of starch blends were studied in dependence on starch composition and at various isothermal temperatures ( T iso ). Samples were prepared by mixing rice starches from Kaoshiung Sen 7 (KSS7, a high‐amylose‐content variety) and Taichung waxy 70 (TCW70, a waxy variety). Generally, mixing these starches at a comparable ratio caused significant decrements in overall swelling power, onset temperature of gelatinization or viscosity rise, and final viscosity of hot pastes after 30 min of isothermal stirring. Notable increases in the peak and conclusion temperatures of gelatinization and in the peak viscosity of the pastes were also observed. Generally, all viscosity parameters of the blends showed two linear dependencies on the starch composition, the graphs intersecting at a critical starch composition depending on the parameters concerned. The onset temperature of viscosity increase was related to the volume fraction of swollen granules when they were just closely packed in suspension. The volume fraction of KSS granules was smaller than that of TCW70. In addition, the rate of viscosity increase and the peak viscosity of the starch suspensions could be well described in terms of the swelling power ( Q ) when Q ≤ ∼27, and depending on the T iso examined. From the photomicrographs of starch suspensions, the extensive shear‐induced disintegration of TCW70 granules in the co‐existence of rigid KSS7 granules was evident and in turn responsible for the reduced final viscosities of the hot pastes obtained from starch blends.
A 56-Gb/s 50-mW NRZ Receiver in 28-nm CMOS (2021)

A wireline receiver consisting of a linear equalizer, a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE), a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit, and a demultiplexer (DMUX) employs new circuit and architecture techniques that afford substantial power savings. Realized in 28-nm technology, the 56-Gb/s receiver has a bit error rate (BER) of less than 10 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-12}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for a channel loss of 25 dB at 28 GHz.
Micron and Submicron Particle Production (1974)

In many fields of industrial interest, particle sampling and/or control is very important. However, the calibration and testing of sampling equipment have been difficult because of the lack of sources of uniform particles. In this paper a source of uniform solid or liquid particles is described together with the characteristics of the source and the particles produced. Fractional standard deviations of 10-3 in particle-size distribution are readily obtainable. The particles may be uncharged or charged to a predetermined level. Uses include the fields of aerosol sampling equipment testing, precipitator development and testing, as well as many others.
Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Muraymycin D1 Having a Dual Mode of Action against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2016)

A stereocontrolled first total synthesis of muraymycin D1 (1) has been achieved. The synthetic route is highly stereoselective, featuring (1) selective β-ribosylation of the C2-methylated amino ribose, (2) selective Strecker reaction, and (3) ring-opening reaction of a diastereomeric mixture of a diaminolactone to synthesize muraymycidine (epi-capreomycidine). The acid-cleavable protecting groups for secondary alcohol and uridine ureido nitrogen are applied for simultaneous deprotections with the Boc and <sup>t</sup>Bu groups. Muraymycin D1 (1) and its amide derivatives (2 and 3) exhibited growth inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC<sub>50</sub> = 1.56-6.25 μg/mL) and strong enzyme inhibitory activities against the bacterial phosphotransferases (MurX and WecA) (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.096-0.69 μM).
An intelligent system based on fuzzy probabilities for medical diagnosis- a study in aphasia diagnosis. (2009)

THE TECHNIQUE IS APPLIED AND COMPARED ON BOTH COMPREHENSIVE AND SPONTANEOUS SPEECH TEST DATA FOR DIAGNOSIS OF FOUR APHASIA TYPES: Anomic, Broca, Global and Wernicke. Statistical analysis confirms that the proposed approach can significantly improve accuracy using fewer Aphasia features.
The Ubiquitin-related BAG-1 Provides a Link between the Molecular Chaperones Hsc70/Hsp70 and the Proteasome (2000)

The BAG-1 protein modulates the chaperone activity of Hsc70 and Hsp70 in the mammalian cytosol and nucleus. Remarkably, BAG-1 possesses a ubiquitin-like domain at its amino terminus, suggesting a link to the ubiquitin/proteasome system. Here we show that BAG-1 is indeed associated with the 26 S proteasome in HeLa cells. Binding of the chaperone cofactor to the proteolytic complex is regulated by ATP hydrolysis and is not mediated by Hsc70 and Hsp70. The presented findings reveal a role of BAG-1 as a physical link between the Hsc70/Hsp70 chaperone system and the proteasome. In fact, targeting of BAG-1 to the proteasome promotes an association of the chaperones with the proteolytic complex in vitro and in vivo. A regulatory function of the chaperone cofactor at the interface between protein folding and protein degradation is thus indicated.
A new noise suppressor with amorphous saturable reactor (1986)

The authors have designed a noise suppressor with an amorphous saturable reactor connected in parallel with a diode and a small linear inductor, for use in high-frequency switched-mode converters. Operation and advantages of the circuit are described in detail, using a 500 KHz forward converter as an example.