gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A measure of quality of life for clinical trials in chronic lung disease. (1987)

Since the relationships between pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and functional state or quality of life are generally weak, a self report questionnaire has been developed to determine the effect of treatment on quality of life in clinical trials. One hundred patients with chronic airflow limitation were asked how their quality of life was affected by their illness, and how important their symptoms and limitations were. The most frequent and important items were used to construct a questionnaire evaluating four dimensions: dyspnoea, fatigue, emotional function, and the patient's feeling of control over the disease (mastery). Reproducibility, tested by repeated administration to patients in a stable condition, was excellent: the coefficient of variation was less than 12% for all four dimensions. Responsiveness (sensitivity to change) was tested by administering the questionnaire to 13 patients before and after optimisation of their drug treatment and to another 28 before and after participation in a respiratory rehabilitation programme. In both cases large, statistically significant improvements in all four dimensions were noted. Changes in questionnaire score were correlated with changes in spirometric values, exercise capacity, and patients' and physicians' global ratings. Thus it has been shown that the questionnaire is precise, valid, and responsive. It can therefore serve as a useful disease specific measure of quality of life for clinical trials.
Effects of endotracheal suctioning on mixed venous oxygen saturation and heart rate in critically ill adults. (1990)

The purpose of this multisite study was to determine the effects of endotracheal suctioning on mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and heart rate in 189 critically ill adults. One-pass, intermittent suction was applied for 10 or fewer seconds, with three prehyperoxygenation and three posthyperoxygenation breaths of 100% oxygen. Subjects at three hospitals (n = 127) underwent suctioning using hyperoxygenation with anesthesia bags and traditional suction catheters (open suction method). Subjects at one hospital (n = 62) underwent suctioning with hyperoxygenation by ventilator and in-line suction catheters (closed suction method). For subjects from all hospital sites combined, the SvO2 decreased from 67% to 64% (p = 0.001), a 4% change from baseline, and returned to baseline within 2 minutes. However, in subjects receiving the open method of suction, SvO2 dropped from 66% to 62% immediately after suctioning and returned to baseline within 4 minutes. In contrast, when the closed suction method was used, SvO2 rose from 67.7% to 67.86% immediately after suctioning, drifting upward to 71% for the next 2 minutes before dropping toward the baseline after 4 minutes. Mean heart rate increased from a baseline of 99 beats/min to 104 beats/min immediately after suctioning (p = 0.001), a 5% change from baseline, and gradually returned to baseline over the next 4 minutes. No significant differences were seen in heart rate between subjects having the open versus closed suction method. In conclusion, the closed suction method showed a higher SvO2 after endotracheal suctioning compared with the open suction method (p = 0.0001). Some form of hyperoxygenation before and after endotracheal suctioning is recommended.
Implementation of online distributed system-level diagnosis theory (1992)

The practical application and implementation of online distributed system-level diagnosis theory is documented. Proven distributed diagnosis algorithms are shown to be impractical in real systems due to high resource requirements. A distributed system-level diagnosis algorithm called Adaptive DSD is shown to minimize network resources and has resulted in a practical implementation. Adaptive DSD assumes a distributed network, in which network nodes can test other nodes and determine them to be faulty or fault-free. Tests are issued from each node adaptively and depend on the fault situation of the network. Test result reports are generated from test results and forwarded between nodes in the network. Adaptive DSD is proven correct in that each fault-free node reaches an accurate independent diagnosis of the fault conditions of the remaining nodes. No restriction is placed on the number of faulty nodes; any fault situation with any number of faulty nodes is diagnosed correctly. An implementation of the Adaptive DSD algorithm is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Factors Associated with Sequelae of Campylobacter and Non-typhoidal Salmonella Infections: A Systematic Review (2016)

Despite the significant global burden of gastroenteritis and resulting sequelae, there is limited evidence on risk factors for sequelae development. We updated and extended previous systematic reviews by assessing the role of antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and symptom severity in the development of sequelae following campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis. We searched four databases, including PubMed, from 1 January 2011 to 29 April 2016. Observational studies reporting sequelae of reactive arthritis (ReA), Reiter's syndrome (RS), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following gastroenteritis were included. The primary outcome was incidence of sequelae of interest amongst cases of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis. A narrative synthesis was conducted where heterogeneity was high. Of the 55 articles included, incidence of ReA (n=37), RS (n=5), IBS (n=12) and GBS (n=9) were reported following campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis. A pooled summary for each sequela was not estimated due to high level of heterogeneity across studies (I2>90%). PPI usage and symptoms were sparsely reported. Three out of seven studies found a statistically significant association between antibiotics usage and development of ReA. Additional primary studies investigating risk modifying factors in sequelae of GI infections are required to enable targeted interventions.
ASBMR 25th Annual Meeting SA001–SA483 (2003)

25th American Society of Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, September 19-23, 2003
Angiotensin-(1–7) Reduces Smooth Muscle Growth After Vascular Injury (1999)

Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell growth is critical to the maintenance of normal blood flow and vessel patency. Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and opposes the mitogenic effects of angiotensin II. The present study investigated whether Ang-(1-7) inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell growth in vivo by determining its effect on neointimal formation and medial remodeling in balloon-injured carotid arteries. The carotid arteries of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injured with a balloon embolectomy catheter. Ang-(1-7) in saline (24 microg/kg per hour) or saline alone was infused intravenously for 12 days after injury. Pumps containing bromodeoxyuridine were implanted at the same time to determine DNA synthesis. Intravenous infusion increased plasma Ang-(1-7) to 166. 0+/-41.2 fmol/mL (n=6) compared with 46.9+/-4.2 fmol/mL (n=8) in saline-infused rats. Plasma concentrations of Ang II were not changed by Ang-(1-7) infusion. Elevation in circulating Ang-(1-7) had no effect on either blood pressure or heart rate compared with saline controls. Histomorphometric analysis of carotid arteries indicated that Ang-(1-7) infusion significantly reduced neointimal area compared with rats infused with saline (0.063+/-0.011 versus 0. 100+/-0.009 mm2; P<0.05). In contrast, Ang-(1-7) infusion had no effect on medial area of the injured or the contralateral uninjured artery compared with saline controls. Ang-(1-7) infusion also reduced the rate of DNA synthesis in both the neointima and the media of the injured vessels. Therefore, exogenous Ang-(1-7) inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation associated with balloon-catheter injury. Similar increases in endogenous plasma Ang-(1-7) and inhibition of neointimal growth were observed in rats after angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist administration, suggesting that Ang-(1-7) may contribute to the in vivo antiproliferative effects of these agents on vascular smooth muscle.
Detection of Transistor Stuck-Open Faults in Asynchronous Inputs of Scan Cells (2008)

In many designs asynchronous inputs are used to set and/or reset flip-flops. Considering a scan cell implementation used in an industrial design we show that stuck-open faults in some transistors driven by asynchronous inputs require two new flush tests. Such faults, if left undetected, cause functional failures. The two new tests increase the overall stuck-open fault coverage of each scan cell by approximately 5%. This will significantly improve the overall test quality due to the large number of scan cells contained in large industrial designs.
'Drop Dead, Pizza Head!': Racism in Children's Culture (1984)

Ian Turner's essays on children's folklore 'The Play-Rhymes of Australian Children' is discussed. Studies of children's rhymes from different areas show that children themselves do not discriminate against minorities but it is something that they learn as they become adults.
High-current diode is intended for work in open air (2002)

High-power electron beams are successfully used for solving problems of plasma electronics. This paper is devoted to the description of a high current diode which is intended to be used in the open air. The device has been tested in actual outdoor conditions, mounted on the external surface of a building, as it is intended to be used. This device generates electromagnetic field momentum and X-rays in the open air. Developing a high voltage diode for operation in the open air required an increase in the dimensions of the insulators and of the vacuum chamber. For that reason, an independent study was also carried out, examining the effectiveness of long gaps in vacuum as electric insulation for megavolt impulses and examining the creation and propagation of a powerful microsecond impulse electron beam in these conditions.
A Survey of Machine and Deep Learning Methods for Internet of Things (IoT) Security (2020)

The Internet of Things (IoT) integrates billions of smart devices that can communicate with one another with minimal human intervention. IoT is one of the fastest developing fields in the history of computing, with an estimated 50 billion devices by the end of 2020. However, the crosscutting nature of IoT systems and the multidisciplinary components involved in the deployment of such systems have introduced new security challenges. Implementing security measures, such as encryption, authentication, access control, network and application security for IoT devices and their inherent vulnerabilities is ineffective. Therefore, existing security methods should be enhanced to effectively secure the IoT ecosystem. Machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) have advanced considerably over the last few years, and machine intelligence has transitioned from laboratory novelty to practical machinery in several important applications. Consequently, ML/DL methods are important in transforming the security of IoT systems from merely facilitating secure communication between devices to security-based intelligence systems. The goal of this work is to provide a comprehensive survey of ML methods and recent advances in DL methods that can be used to develop enhanced security methods for IoT systems. IoT security threats that are related to inherent or newly introduced threats are presented, and various potential IoT system attack surfaces and the possible threats related to each surface are discussed. We then thoroughly review ML/DL methods for IoT security and present the opportunities, advantages and shortcomings of each method. We discuss the opportunities and challenges involved in applying ML/DL to IoT security. These opportunities and challenges can serve as potential future research directions.
FDA approves new treatment of metastatic melanoma (2016)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved the first oncolytic virus therapy for the treatment of melanoma lesions in the skin and lymph nodes. The therapy is known as Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec). Imlygic is manufactured by BioVex Inc, a subsidiary of Amgen Inc, based in Thousand Oaks, California. Imlygic is a genetically modified live oncolytic herpes virus therapy used to treat melanoma lesions that cannot be removed completely by surgery. It is injected directly into the melanoma lesions, in which it replicates inside cancer cells and causes the cells to rupture and die. The treatment course includes a series of injections into the melanoma lesions: 1) an initial injection; 2) a second injection 3 weeks later; and 3) then additional doses every 2 weeks for at least 6 months unless other treatment is needed or there are no remaining lesions to treat. Imlygic was evaluated in a study of 436 participants with metastatic melanoma that was considered to be inoperable. Their lesions were treated with Imlygic or a comparable therapy for at least 6 months or until there were no more injectable lesions noted. Findings demonstrated that 16.3% of participants who received Imlygic experienced a decrease in the size of their skin and lymph node lesions lasting for a minimum of 6 months, compared with 2.1% of patients who received the comparator therapy. The FDA cautions that Imlygic has not been shown to improve overall survival or to have an effect on melanoma that has spread to the brain, bone, liver, lungs, or other internal organs. In addition, side effects of the treatment include fatigue, chills, fever, nausea, flu- like symptoms, and pain at the injection site. Imlygic also can lead to herpes virus infection. As a result, it should not be given to individuals with suppressed immune systems or to women who are pregnant
The applications and future implications of bitterness reduction and inhibition in food products (1990)

Numerous food and beverage products, bulking agents, and pharmaceuticals have pleasant as well as unpleasant bitter-tasting components in their taste profile. In numerous cases, the bitter taste modality is an undesirable trait of the product. Bitter characteristics found in some food systems have been removed or diminished by various known processes, but no universally applicable bitter inhibitor has ever been recognized. Some indications point to a receptor-mediated phenomenon for sweetness and bitterness. Research on sweet compounds has led to knowledge of sweetness inhibitors and could ultimately lead to bitterness inhibitors. To facilitate efforts to rationally design a universal bitter inhibitor or cocktail of such, a review of the bitter taste phenomena and known methods of bitterness reduction and inhibition have been compiled.
PET/CT scanner-fusion of anatomic and functional images in a single device (2000)

Recently, combined PET/CT is a new imaging system which enable acquire co registered anatomic and biological function images in a single scanning session. PET/CT is valuable for improving tumor localization, planning of radiation therapy, defining biopsysite and evaluating response to therapy . CT can also provide low noise CT based attenuation correction for PET emission scan. The design and performance, clinical application,advantages and some technical limitation of a combined PET/CT scanner were summarized briefly in this paper.
Viscoelastic properties of leukocytes. (1984)

The viscoelastic properties of leukocytes (WBCs) during small deformation were determined by micropipette aspiration. The passive deformation behavior of neutrophils suspended in a Ca2+-free medium in response to a step aspiration pressure consists of an initial rapid, elastic response followed by a creep displacement. These time-dependent responses can be modeled by a viscoelastic solid in which an elastic element (K1) is in parallel with a Maxwell element composed of another elastic element (K2) in series with a viscous element (mu). Variations in temperature (9-40 degrees C) cause an inverse change in mu, but have no effects on K1 and K2. All three coefficients are not affected by decreases in pH down to 5.4; with pH greater than or equal to 7.8, however, K1 and mu increase. Increases in osmolality cause a rise in all three coefficients, especially mu. Colchicine treatment results in selective decreases in mu and K2 without affecting K1. B lymphocytes have viscoelastic coefficients similar to those of neutrophils, but T lymphocytes have higher values for these coefficients. In the presence of 2 mM Ca2+, the neutrophils have higher viscoelastic coefficients than in Ca2+-free medium, and they form protopods which have greater resistance than the main cell body to deformation by micropipette aspiration. Morphometric analysis shows that WBCs have large excess membrane area due to the presence of membrane foldings, which facilitate WBC deformation at constant area. During filtration through 5-micrometers sieves, WBCs are much more prone to pore plugging than erythrocytes because of their higher cellular viscosity and the presence of nucleus. The rheological properties of WBCs have significant implications in their functions and flow dynamics in the microcirculation.
Residual Connections Encourage Iterative Inference (2017)

Residual networks (Resnets) have become a prominent architecture in deep learning. However, a comprehensive understanding of Resnets is still a topic of ongoing research. A recent view argues that Resnets perform iterative refinement of features. We attempt to further expose properties of this aspect. To this end, we study Resnets both analytically and empirically. We formalize the notion of iterative refinement in Resnets by showing that residual connections naturally encourage features of residual blocks to move along the negative gradient of loss as we go from one block to the next. In addition, our empirical analysis suggests that Resnets are able to perform both representation learning and iterative refinement. In general, a Resnet block tends to concentrate representation learning behavior in the first few layers while higher layers perform iterative refinement of features. Finally we observe that sharing residual layers naively leads to representation explosion and counterintuitively, overfitting, and we show that simple existing strategies can help alleviating this problem.
Three Dimensional Process Simulator for Photo and Electron Beam Lithography, and Estimations of Proximity Effects (1987)

In both photo lithography with reduction projection printings and electron beam lithography with direct writing techniques, their resolutions are limited by the proximity effect caused by the diffraction in photo lithography and electron backscattering in electron beam lithography, respectively. To evaluate and clear them, computer simulation is very useful for sub-micron pattern fabrications.
Sustained response of malignant pericardial effusion to intrapericardial bevacizumab in an advanced lung cancer patient: a case report and literature review (2015)

Malignant pericardial effusion (MPCE) is a common complication of advanced malignant tumors, and interferes severely with patient prognosis and quality of life. The standard treatment for this complication is intracavitary perfusion of chemotherapeutic drugs, which is limited by unsatisfactory therapeutic effects and serious adverse events. We report a patient with MPCE who was treated with bevacizumab by pericardial perfusion, resulting in a complete response. This case supports the use of intrapericardial bevacizumab as a potential treatment for MPCE.
Demonstration of Extensible Disaggregated NE Management based on a SONiC-compliant Software-Agent Optical OpenConfig/gNMI Telemetry Go Implementation (2021)

The proof-of-concept of a robust and extensible disaggregated network element management using a SONiC-compliant Go-based software agent implementation of OpenConfig gNMI optical streaming telemetry, is demonstrated and evaluated in a multivendor testbed.
Study on mathematical model for VHF partial discharge of typical insulated defects in GIS (2007)

Very high frequency (VHF) measurement is a valid technique for partial discharge (PD) detection, and PD mathematical models are very important to study PD denoising and waveshape pattern recognition etc. However, these mathematical models based on the traditional PD measurement have been established according to RC or LCR resistance detection so that they are not suitable for VHF measurements. PD signals are detected based on four typical physical models of defects in gas insulated substation (GIS) using VHF method. The VHF PD mathematical models are established, and the principles and methods of establishment are summarized. Furthermore, the parameters of the mathematical models are given and the validity of PD mathematical model is proved by fitting error, power spectrum and time-frequency analysis. Results show that the VHF PD mathematical models can facilitate theoretical simulation of different insulated defects by using the values of given parameters. In the end, applications of the VHF PD mathematical models and complex wavelet transform for extracting the relevant signals from a white noise background are illustrated
14-3-3 binding to LRRK2 is disrupted by multiple Parkinson's disease-associated mutations and regulates cytoplasmic localization (2010)

LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat protein kinase 2) is mutated in a significant number of Parkinson's disease patients, but still little is understood about how it is regulated or functions. In the present study we have demonstrated that 14-3-3 protein isoforms interact with LRRK2. Consistent with this, endogenous LRRK2 isolated from Swiss 3T3 cells or various mouse tissues is associated with endogenous 14-3-3 isoforms. We have established that 14-3-3 binding is mediated by phosphorylation of LRRK2 at two conserved residues (Ser910 and Ser935) located before the leucine-rich repeat domain. Our results suggests that mutation of Ser910 and/or Ser935 to disrupt 14-3-3 binding does not affect intrinsic protein kinase activity, but induces LRRK2 to accumulate within discrete cytoplasmic pools, perhaps resembling inclusion bodies. To investigate links between 14-3-3 binding and Parkinson's disease, we studied how 41 reported mutations of LRRK2 affected 14-3-3 binding and cellular localization. Strikingly, we found that five of the six most common pathogenic mutations (R1441C, R1441G, R1441H, Y1699C and I2020T) display markedly reduced phosphorylation of Ser910/Ser935 thereby disrupting interaction with 14-3-3. We have also demonstrated that Ser910/Ser935 phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding to endogenous LRRK2 is significantly reduced in tissues of homozygous LRRK2(R1441C) knock-in mice. Consistent with 14-3-3 regulating localization, all of the common pathogenic mutations displaying reduced 14-3-3-binding accumulated within inclusion bodies. We also found that three of the 41 LRRK2 mutations analysed displayed elevated protein kinase activity (R1728H, ~2-fold; G2019S, ~3-fold; and T2031S, ~4-fold). These results provide the first evidence suggesting that 14-3-3 regulates LRRK2 and that disruption of the interaction of LRRK2 with 14-3-3 may be linked to Parkinson's disease.