gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Dominant W <sup>42</sup> Spotting Phenotype Results from a Missense Mutation in the c- <i>kit</i> Receptor Kinase (1990)

The murine white spotting locus (W) is allelic with the proto-oncogene c-kit, which encodes a transmembrane tyrosine protein kinase receptor for an unknown ligand. Mutations at the W locus affect various aspects of hematopoiesis and the proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells and melanoblasts during development to varying degrees of severity. The W42 mutation has a particularly severe effect in both the homozygous and the heterozygous states. The molecular basis of the W42 mutation was determined. The c-kit protein products in homozygous mutant mast cells were expressed normally but displayed a defective tyrosine kinase activity in vitro. Nucleotide sequence analysis of mutant complementary DNAs revealed a missense mutation that replaces aspartic acid with asparagine at position 790 in the c-kit protein product. Aspartic acid-790 is a conserved residue in all protein kinases. These results provide an explanation for the dominant nature of the W42 mutation and provide insight into the mechanism of c-kit-mediated signal transduction.
Effects of tidal mixing at the Kuril Straits on North Pacific ventilation: Adjustment of the intermediate layer revealed from numerical experiments (2006)

The effects of tidal mixing at the Kuril Straits on the North Pacific intermediate layer are investigated using an ocean general circulation model. A comparison of numerical experiments with and without a tidal mixing effect suggests that tidal mixing at the Kuril Straits enhances the ventilation of the North Pacific intermediate layer. The enhanced ventilation results in both freshening and cooling down to ∼27.6 σ θ . In particular, the simulated North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) becomes fresher and denser (by 0.3 psu and 0.1 σ θ at the maximum) and hence more realistic. The enhanced ventilation is caused both through the supply of the ventilated water from the Kuril Straits, which subsequently spreads along the subarctic and subtropical gyres, and through a modification of the circulation there. The ventilation of the supplied water in turn originates from a combination of tidally enhanced convection in the Okhotsk Sea and downward diffusion at the Kuril Straits as discussed in a previous paper. The former affects the upper part of the NPIW, while the latter is dominant in the denser layers. The circulation is modified through a dynamical adjustment to the mass input into an intermediate layer that is produced by the convergence of diapycnal transport due to the tidally enhanced convection and diffusion. The dynamical adjustment is conducted mainly through Kelvin waves which have the ability to induce intergyre flow along the western boundary and also by eastward moving long Rossby waves. The latter can be present under the influence of the wind‐driven gyres for the second and higher baroclinic modes and act to spread information into the interior directly from the western boundary. As a direct consequence of this adjustment, transport of the ventilated water from the Kuril Straits to the subtropical gyre is enhanced by the intergyre flow along the western boundary, which appears as the southward intrusion of the Oyashio Current. The transported water leaves the coast to encircle the interior, and returns to the western boundary, eventually flowing into the equatorial region. Such equatorward transport associated with mass convergence in the intermediate layer is compensated by transport toward the Kuril Straits in the shallower and deeper layers, thereby enhancing both shallow and deep meridional overturning cells by 2–3 Sv. The above dynamical adjustment is thus central to our understanding of the ventilation of the intermediate layer and provides a basis for the analytical model developed in an accompanying paper.
Developmental Validation of the AmpFℓSTR<sup>®</sup> Identifiler<sup>®</sup> Plus PCR Amplification Kit: An Established Multiplex Assay with Improved Performance (2011)

Analysis of length polymorphism at short tandem repeat (STR) loci utilizing multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the primary method for genotyping forensic samples. The AmpFℓSTR(®) Identifiler(®) Plus PCR Amplification Kit is an improved version of the AmpFℓSTR(®) Identifiler(®) PCR Amplification Kit and amplifies the core CODIS loci: D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, and vWA. Additional loci amplified in the multiplex reaction are the sex-determinant, amelogenin, and two internationally accepted loci, D2S1338 and D19S433. While the primer sequences and dye configurations were unchanged, the AmpFℓSTR(®) Identifiler(®) Plus PCR Amplification Kit features an enhanced buffer formulation and an optimized PCR cycling protocol that increases sensitivity, provides better tolerance to PCR inhibitors, and improves performance on mixture samples. The AmpFℓSTR(®) Identifiler(®) Plus PCR Amplification Kit has been validated according to the FBI/National Standards and Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) guidelines. The validation results support the use of the AmpFℓSTR(®) Identifiler(®) Plus PCR Amplification Kit for human identity and parentage testing.
Production of ethanol by <i>Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum:</i> II. A quantitative model describing product distributions (1989)

The study of the continuous culture of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum on xylose showed multiple steady states and hysteresis. A quantitative model based on the biochemistry and physiology of xylose fermentation by C. thermosaccharolyticum was developed. The objective in developing this model was to bring together the observations both of this study and of other researchers on the fermentation of xylose. The model equations were written based on the metabolic pathway for xylose utilization by C. thermosaccharolyticum and the requirement that the carbon, ATP, and NADH within the cell be balanced. Given the specific growth rate mu and the specific xylose utilization rate q(s), a set of product distributions (ethanol, acetate, and lactate) satisfying these balances was obtained. This set was plotted on a triangular plot and named the permitted region. The product distributions within this permitted region were shown to be affected by the environmental parameters such as iron concentration and hydrogen partial pressure. The model predicted trends in product distribution which correlate with experimentally observed phenomena. The model was also used to analyze the continuous-culture data from our experimental work.
Labeling of v‐Src and BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinases with [<sup>14</sup>C]herbimycin A and its use in the elucidation of the kinase inactivation mechanism (1994)

The ansamycin antibiotic, herbimycin A, selectively inactivates cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, most likely by binding irreversibly to the reactive SH group(s) of kinases. To further investigate the mechanism of herbimycin A action, we attempted to label tyrosine kinases with [14C]herbimycin A. p60v-src and p210BCR-ABL in immune complexes were labeled with [14C]herbimycin A, demonstrating that the antibiotic binds directly to tyrosine kinases. Digestion of [14C]herbimycin A-labeled p60v-src with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease revealed that the herbimycin A binding site is within the C-terminal 26-kDa fragment of p60v-src, which contains the tyrosine kinase domain. Herbimycin A treatment inhibited labeling of p60v-src by [14C]fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine, an affinity labeling reagent of nucleotide binding sites, indicating that herbimycin A-modified p60v-src cannot interact with ATP. The results suggest that herbimycin A inactivates tyrosine kinases by binding directly to the kinase domain, thereby inhibiting access to ATP.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Zingiber cassumunar ROXB. and Its Active Principles. (1991)

The present study was carried out to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract obtained from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. and its active principles. The methanol extract was partitioned between ether and water, and then the ether-soluble fraction was extracted with n-hexane. The n-hexane-soluble fraction was chromatographed and part of the fraction was rechromatographed by silica gel column. Three compounds were isolated from the n-hexane-soluble fraction and the chemical structures of these compounds were identified as (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-1-ene, (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene and zerumbone. The anti-inflammatory activity of these fractions was investigated on carrageenin-induced edema in rats, as well as on acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and writhing symptoms in mice. The methanol extract (p.o.) showed both anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic activity. These activities shifted successively to ether-soluble and n-hexane-soluble fractions and to (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-1-ene. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory action and analgesic action of Zingiber cassumunar is the result of the (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-1-ene that it contains.
Techniques for Liver Resection (2011)

In 1952, Jean Louis Lortat-Jacob undertook the first successful extended right hepatectomy.It was pioneering surgery. Improvement in liver resection has been achieved in the past decade. Among other factors, a gradual change of technology, platforms and refinement of surgical techniques have played significant roles. In this review, the various surgical approaches, operative techniques, operative instruments and adjunctive measures as applied in liver resection are described, along with discussion of the pros and cons of each of these attributes. A brief description of laparoscopic liver resection is also included to address this important and emerging area in liver surgery.
Hemofiltration of Recombinant Hirudin by Different Hemodialyzer Membranes (2007)

Recombinant hirudin (lepirudin) is a potent direct thrombin inhibitor that is used particularly for treatment of immune-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Because hirudin is almost exclusively eliminated by the kidneys, its half-life is markedly prolonged in patients with severe renal insufficiency. Therefore, these patients are at risk for bleeding, particularly because no antidote is available. To use hirudin safely in patients who are on renal replacement therapy, knowledge of hirudin-sieving characteristics of different hemodialyzers is required. Data on this issue are sparse and in part contradictory. Eight different conventional low-flux and high-flux hemodialyzers were tested in an in vitro circuit with ultrafiltrate reinfusion. In each experiment, lepirudin concentration was repetitively measured during 3 h in the prefilter, the postfilter, and the filtration line using a chromogenic assay. On the basis of these data, sieving coefficients were calculated. All high-flux hemodialyzers tested allowed filtration of hirudin yet with marked differences in steady-state sieving (sieving coefficients in whole blood: polysulfone [PS] 0.97 +/- 0.03; polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA] 0.75 +/- 0.02; polyarylethersulfone 0.73 +/- 0.02; polyamide 0.49 +/- 0.02). None of the low-flux hemodialyzer membranes tested (cuprophane, hemophane, PS, and PMMA) showed significant hirudin filtration. Owing to marked differences in hirudin-sieving characteristics, choice of the appropriate hemodialyzer membrane is an important determinant of bleeding risk in dialysis-dependent patients who are treated with hirudin. In case of overdosage or bleeding complications, hemofiltration via PS membranes is recommended to reduce plasma hirudin concentration. Hirudin dosage should be adapted not only to the clinical situation but also to the hirudin-sieving characteristics of the assigned dialyzer.
Degradation of Amino Acids to Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Humans: An in Vitro Study (1988)

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) originate mainly in the colon through bacterial fermentation of polysaccharides. To test the hypothesis that SCFA may originate from polypeptides as well, the production of these acids from albumin and specific amino acids was examined in a faecal incubation system. Albumin was converted to all C2-C5-fatty acids, whereas amino acids generally were converted to specific SCFA, most often through the combination of a deamination and decarboxylation of the amino acids, although more complex processes also took place. This study indicates that a part of the intestinal SCFA may originate from polypeptides, which apparently are the major source of those SCFA (isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate) only found in small amounts in the healthy colon. Moreover, gastrointestinal disease resulting in increased proteinous material in the colon (exudation, mucosal desquamation, bleeding, and so forth) may hypothetically influence SCFA production.
Advances in Cryptographic Voting Systems (2006)

Democracy depends on the proper administration of popular elections. Voters should receive assurance that their intent was correctly captured and that all eligible votes were correctly tallied. The election system as a whole should ensure that voter coercion is unlikely, even when voters are willing to be influenced. These conflicting requirements present a significant challenge: how can voters receive enough assurance to trust the election result, but not so much that they can prove to a potential coercer how they voted? This dissertation explores cryptographic techniques for implementing verifiable, secretballot elections. We present the power of cryptographic voting, in particular its ability to successfully achieve both verifiability and ballot secrecy, a combination that cannot be achieved by other means. We review a large portion of the literature on cryptographic voting. We propose three novel technical ideas: 1. a simple and inexpensive paper-base cryptographic voting system with some interesting advantages over existing techniques, 2. a theoretical model of incoercibility for human voters with their inherent limited computational ability, and a new ballot casting system that fits the new definition, and
Effects Of Strain On The Band Structure Of Diamond (1988)

There are several extreme properties) of diamond which make it a desireable material for technological applications. Its hardness, which is related to its large elastic moduli, is well known. Less widely recognized are its high thermal conductivity and its low thermal expansion coefficient, which suggest its use in high temperature applications. Its large bandgap of 5.5 eV suggests uses in optical electronics in the VUV region, but the indirect nature of the gap has contributed to the lack of active investigation of diamond as an optical component. More important in this regard is the problem of fabrication of diamond components: the stable form of carbon is graphite, with the cubic (and hexagonal) forms of carbon being metastable. This metastability is primarily a limitation only in the fabrication process; once tetrahedrally-bonded carbon is formed it is exceedingly "stable", even up to high temperatures. The recent progress in the area of vapor deposition of diamond has been encouraging. An overview of the various methods which have been used has been given by Moustakas et al. 2 Moreover, fabrication of operating p-n diodes on the related material BN by Mishima et al.,3 constructed by growing n-type BN on p-type seed crystals, suggests that the construction of diamond-based electronic components may not be far away. For applications involving the epitaxial growth of diamond on nearly lattice-matched materials, it is crucial to understand the effects of the various uniaxial strains which may occur. A question of special importance is: are there physically realizable strains which will lead to an indirect-to-direct gap inversion, making it more amenable to application in electronic/optical devices. In this paper we provide the initial results of our investigation of these questions. Several studies of the shifts in band energies due to infinitesimal strains ("deformation potentials") have appeared. Most of these 4-8 have dealt only with homogeneous strains, although uniaxial strains have received some attention. 9, 10 Nielsen ll has carried out extensive studies of the stress-strain relationship in diamond under uniaxial deformations, but reported very little (recounted below) on the effects on the band structure.
Site-specific mutagenesis in Legionella pneumophila by allelic exchange using counterselectable ColE1 vectors (1988)

To study the molecular pathogenesis of infection by Legionella pneumophila, a technique of site-specific mutagenesis by allelic exchange was evaluated. To develop this system, we optimized conjugal DNA transfer by isolating a mutant that functions 1000-fold more efficiently as a recipient than the wild type strain, identified two counter-selectable markers, rpsL and sacB, that function in L. pneumophila, and constructed a counterselectable Co1E1 vector. Allelic exchange of a L. pneumophila chrosomal gene was achieved at a frequency of 10−5 per transconjugant. The allelic exchange procedure itself did not alter the ability of L. pneumophila to infect macrophages, indicating that the system can be used to study this aspect of virulence.
One-Pot Reaction to Synthesize Water-Soluble Magnetite Nanocrystals (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunicationNEXTOne-Pot Reaction to Synthesize Water-Soluble Magnetite NanocrystalsZhen Li, Hui Chen, Haobo Bao, and Mingyuan GaoView Author Information Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface Science and Chemical Thermodynamics, Molecular Science Center, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhong Guan Cun, Bei Yi Jie 2, Beijing 100080, China Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 8, 1391–1393Publication Date (Web):March 20, 2004Publication History Received18 December 2003Revised14 January 2004Published online20 March 2004Published inissue 1 April 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm035346yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cm035346yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5791Altmetric-Citations320LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Magnetic properties,Magnetite,Metal oxide nanoparticles,Nanocrystals,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Cortical Steroid Analogs. IV. gem-Dialkylacetylcarbinols, Hydroxy Enol Ethers, and Hydroxy Ketals from the Reaction of Grignard Reagents and Ethyl Pyruvate Ketal<sup>1a</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCortical Steroid Analogs. IV. gem-Dialkylacetylcarbinols, Hydroxy Enol Ethers, and Hydroxy Ketals from the Reaction of Grignard Reagents and Ethyl Pyruvate Ketal1aGardner W. Stacy, Irwin L. Klundt, George T. Davis, Norman A. Nielsen, Marilyn Sanford Power, Douglas L. Rector, and Stephen L. RazniakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 6, 1753–1757Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01344a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01344a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
TNF‐related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a potent skeletal muscle‐wasting cytokine (2007)

TWEAK cytokine has been implicated in several biological responses including inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. We have investigated the role of TWEAK in regulating skeletal muscle mass. Addition of soluble TWEAK protein to cultured myotubes reduced the mean myotube diameter and enhanced the degradation of specific muscle proteins such as CK and MyHCf. The effect of TWEAK on degradation of MyHCf was stronger than its structural homologue, TNF-alpha. TWEAK increased the ubiquitination of MyHCf and the transcript levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 ubiquitin ligases. TWEAK inhibited phosphorylation of Akt kinase and its downstream targets GSK-3beta, FOXO1, mTOR, and p70S6K. Furthermore, TWEAK increased the activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor in myotubes. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of IkappaB alpha deltaN (a degradation-resistant mutant of NF-kappaB inhibitory protein IkappaB alpha) in myotubes blocked the TWEAK-induced degradation of MyHCf. Chronic administration of TWEAK in mice resulted in reduced body and skeletal muscle weight with an associated increase in the activity of ubiquitin-proteasome system and NF-kappaB. Finally, muscle-specific transgenic overexpression of TWEAK decreased the body and skeletal muscle weight in mice. Collectively, our data suggest that TWEAK induces skeletal muscle atrophy through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome and NF-kappaB systems.
The cache coherence problem in shared-memory multiprocessors (1987)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1987
Supervised acoustic topic model with a consequent classifier for unstructured audio classification (2012)

In the problem of classifying unstructured audio signals, we have reported promising results using acoustic topic models assuming that an audio signal consists of latent acoustic topics [1, 2]. In this paper, we introduce a two-step method that consists of performing supervised acoustic topic modeling on audio features followed by a classification process. Experimental results in classifying audio signals with respect to onomatopoeias and semantic labels using the BBC Sound Effects library show that the proposed method can improve the classification accuracy relatively 10~14% against the baseline supervised acoustic topic model. We also show that the proposed method is compatible with different labels so that the topic models can be trained with one set of labels and used to classify another set of labels.