gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microdilution Transfer Plate Technique for Determining In Vitro Synergy of Antimicrobial Agents (1977)

A microdilution transfer plate technique for determining in vitro synergy of antimicrobial agents is described. Combinations of gentamicin-nalidixic acid against Proteus mirabilis and rifampin-amphotericin B against Candida albicans are used as examples to demonstrate the technique. Results correlate with published data obtained by conventional methods. The technique is effective for evaluating the in vitro effects of antimicrobial agent combinations against both bacteria and fungi. The technique enables one to produce a checkerboard gradient in a fast, convenient, and reproducible way; results are easily visualized.
Influence of two FPLC fractions from<i>Beauveria bassiana</i>SFB-205 supernatant on the insecticidal activity against cotton aphid (2009)

Abstract The two FPLC fractions from Beauveria bassiana SFB-205 supernatant, displaying chitinase or Pr1/Pr2 protease activity were bioassayed against Aphis gossypii in different ratios. The decrease of the aphid population was more significantly influenced by the chitinase fraction in a dosage-dependent manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Dimeric Ring Systems Containing Gallium. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New approaches to the study of comparative cognition. (1990)

The rat's memory capacity and performance render it an excellent model of human memory. Rats display serial position, serial anticipation learning, temporal coding, and repetition lag functions as well as utilization of retrospective and prospective codes that are nearly equivalent to that observed for humans. Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned memory performance functions, there are comparable memory-deficit patterns between brain-damaged rats and humans. Thus, the rat can serve as an excellent animal model to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological treatments or brain damage upon memory.
High Speed Thick Film Fuses (1986)

The increasing use of small, expensive, complex electronic systems using VLSI chips has created the need to develop fail-safe protection devices with a fast acting response working in a low voltage and low current range that are compatible with modern assembly procedures. This paper shows that 3-layer co-fired thick film fuses are capable of very high speed protection for low voltage circuits. Their small size enables them to be incorporated in a total circuit or made as surface mounted chip components.
The Added Mass of Prisms Floating in Water (1930)

When a floating body performs free simple harmonic vibrations in a vertical plane it will create a field of pulsating current flow in the liquid, and the total kinetic energy of the whole moving system will correspond to that of the floating body with an enhanced mass. The total apparent mass of the body is often called the “virtual mass” and the apparent increment the “added mass,” and these terms will be used subsequently. We are concerned in this paper with finding the “added mass” of rectangular and triangular prisms floating in water. The authors' concern with this problem is related to their investigation of the natural frequency of lateral vibration of a ship's hull, and they have contributed already two papers to these Proceedings which should be associated with the present one. In their ultimate problem the body is not moving as a whole in a vertical plane but is flexing about two or more nodal points, but in the present problem the floating body is supposed rigid and all parts of it are moving vertically with the same velocity. It is believed the present investigations are applicable to the lateral vibrations of ships' hulls, but whether or not this is so the investigation is complete in itself: for example it may be used to calculate the natural frequency of a punt or pontoon which has, say, been relieved suddenly of a dead load.
A biofilm model to understand the onset of sulfate reduction in denitrifying membrane biofilm reactors (2012)

This work presents a multispecies biofilm model that describes the co-existence of nitrate- and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the H(2)-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). The new model adapts the framework of a biofilm model for simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate removal by considering the unique metabolic and physiological characteristics of autotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria that use H(2) as their electron donor. To evaluate the model, the simulated effluent H(2), UAP (substrate-utilization-associated products), and BAP (biomass-associated products) concentrations are compared to experimental results, and the simulated biomass distributions are compared to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data in the experiments for parameter optimization. Model outputs and experimental results match for all major trends and explain when sulfate reduction does or does not occur in parallel with denitrification. The onset of sulfate reduction occurs only when the nitrate concentration at the fiber's outer surface is low enough so that the growth rate of the denitrifying bacteria is equal to that of the sulfate-reducing bacteria. An example shows how to use the model to design an MBfR that achieves satisfactory nitrate reduction, but suppresses sulfate reduction.
Some Theoretical Considerations Related To The Quantitative Evaluation Of The Physical Characteristics Of Reservoir Rock From Electrical Log Data (1950)

Introduction The use of electrical well logs for the quantitative determination of suchreservoir parameters as connate water saturation, formation permeability andconnate water salinity has recently been attracting the attention of a numberof workers. While the theory of the determination of connate water salinity from theself potential S.P. log has received rather detailed treatment, relativelylittle attention has been paid to the theoretical aspects involved in thequantitative interpretation of resistivity data. It is clear that if electricalwell logs can be used for the quantitative evaluation of physicalcharacteristics of reservoir rock, they will provide a valuable tool tosupplement cheaply information obtained by more laborious core analysis. Incertain cases it is conceivable that the coring program could be considerablycurtailed if the electric log could be relied upon to give reasonably accuratequantitative information. It is our object in this paper to examine the theoretical basis ofquantitative log interpretation as expressed in such well-established loggingconcepts as formation factor and cementation factor. It is also our object toinvestigate the physical aspects of the relationship which is presumed to existbetween resistivity index and brine saturation in reservoir rock. Inparticular, we will endeavor to draw attention to the fact that it is possibleto express these logging concepts in terms of capillary pressure-saturationrelationships, permeability and tortuosity parameters which we will consider inthis paper to be fundamentally indicative of rock texture. The probability ofbeing able to obtain from log recordings alone the data theoretically essentialto permit quantitative log interpretation will be examined, and considerationwill also be given to the problem of formulating simple semiempiricalrelationships for use in the field. Theoretical Considerations The concept of formation resistivity factor, or as it is now commonlycalled, formation factor, appears to have been introduced by G. E. Archie.Formation resistivity factor as defined by Archie is the resistivity of a rock100 per cent brine-saturated divided by the resistivity of the brine. Thisrelationship had previously been used by physical chemists and the concept is, for example, implicit in an early treatment by Fricke of the conductivity of aqueous slurries. T.P. 2852
Electroactive shape-memory polymer nanocomposites incorporating carbon nanofiber paper (2010)

A conductive carbon nanofiber (CNF) paper is described for the actuation of shape recovery of a shape-memory polymer (SMP) by electrically resistive Joule heating. The CNF paper was manufactured using a traditional physical vapor deposition process and the microscale morphology and structure of the CNF paper were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The CNF paper was found to be porous, with the pore size determined by the weight concentration of CNF. The excellent electrical properties of pure CNF papers and their SMP composites were characterized by the four-point probe method. Shape recovery actuation of this type of SMP composite induced by electrically resistive heating was achieved with a 12 V voltage. Additionally, the thermomechanical properties of the SMP composite were studied with respect to the volume fraction of CNF paper.
The adaptive load service (ALS): an ABR-like service for the Internet (2002)

We present a novel approach for realizing adaptive QoS control in the Internet called the adaptive load service (ALS). ALS was designed in a similar fashion to the available bit rate service (ABR) proposed for ATM. That is, the senders transmit control messages indicating their requirements, intermediate routers adjust the indicated values in accordance with their available resources and the receivers send the contents of the control messages back to the senders. The transmission behavior of the senders is then adjusted in accordance with the indicated values in the returned control messages. Unlike ABR, ALS is IP-based and was designed to scale for large multicast groups and accommodate the needs of heterogeneous receivers through the integration of sender-based and receiver-based adaptation mechanisms in addition to relying on the network feedback for adjusting the transmission behavior. Performance tests of ALS under different simulation topologies show its efficiency in terms of bandwidth utilization and loss reduction. The tests also show ALS to be fair towards competing TCP connections. Additionally, even though ALS uses a simple algorithm for determining the fair bandwidth share a connection should be using, ALS manages to fairly distribute available resources in accordance with the max-min fairness criterion.
Characterization of a region of plasmid pBL1 of Brevibacterium lactofermentum involved in replication via the rolling circle model (1994)

The minimal region for autonomous replication of pBL1, a 4.5-kb cryptic plasmid of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 that has been used to construct a variety of corynebacterium vectors, was shown to be contained on a 1.8-kb HindII-SphI DNA fragment. This region contains two open reading frames (ORFs) (ORF1 and ORF5) which are essential for pBL1 replication in B. lactofermentum. Accumulation of single-strand intermediates in some of the constructions indicates that plasmid pBL1 replicates via the rolling circle replication model; its plus strand and minus strand were identified by hybridization with two synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to each pBL1 strand. ORF1 seems to encode the Rep protein and showed partial homology with sequences for Rep proteins from Streptomyces plasmids which replicate via rolling circle replication such as pIJ101, pSB24, and pJV1.
LASER MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PROFILES (1977)

A direct method for the remote determination of pressure profiles in the atmosphere using a range gated laser absorption technique has been developed. The technique uses collision broadening as the basic mechanism for obtaining a determination of pressure, and the pumsed capability of a range gated laser to obtain vertical separation of the aerosol back-scattered signal. A detailed analytical model for the determination of pressure as a function of altitude shows that the measurement is dependent only on an a priori knowledge of molecular parameters, such as line strengths and half-widths, and on a set of measured signal ratios. It is also shown that, for high resolution laser measurements, the measured signal ratios vary as the square of the pressure, and that the measurement is relatively independent of an a priori knowledge of the mixing ratio of the molecular species under study. Calculations indicate that, for measurements of the lower troposphere, accuracies of the order of 0.2% could be obtained for a space shuttle experiment.
Biological activity of the spleen focus-forming virus is encoded by a molecularly cloned subgenomic fragment of spleen focus-forming virus DNA. (1981)

A biologically active subgenomic DNA fragment of a polycythemia-inducing strain of the replication-defective spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) has been molecularly cloned. The SFFV DNA fragment includes 2.0 kilobase pairs (kbp) from the 3' end of SFFV, the long terminal repeat sequences of SFFV, and 0.4 kbp from the 5' end of SFFV. The fragment contains the previously described env-related gene of SFFV. All the properties associated with SFFV can be assigned to this SFFV DNA fragment by using a two-stage DNA transfection assay with infectious helper virus DNA. The virus recovered from the transfection assays can induce erythroblastosis, splenic foci, and polycythemia in infected mice. Fibroblast cultures transfected with the SFFV DNA fragment synthesize gp52, the known intracellular product of the env-related gene of SFFV. gp52 can also be detected in spleens from diseased mice infected with the virus recovered in the two-stage transfection. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the env-related gene sequences of SFFV and their product gp52 are required for the initiation of SFFV-induced disease.
Adaptive attenuation of surface-wave noise (2010)

A new method developed to deal with the issue of surface waves is described by David Le Meur, Nigel Benjamin, Luke Twigger, Katia Garceran, Laurie Delmas and Guillaume Poulain of CGGVeritas. Although originally conceived for land seismic data in the Middle East and North Africa, the authors suggest that the method may have much wider application.
On the white Gaussian multiple-access relay channel (2002)

The spectral efficiency of mobile radio networks can be improved by allowing each mobile station to act as a relay for one other mobile station. One can expect further performance improvement if each relay aids not just a single mobile station, but many simultaneously. We attempt to quantify this improvement by introducing the multiple-access relay channel (MARC) and deriving capacity results for it. Capacity outer and inner bounds for it are derived.
Foreword (1993)

Journal Article Foreword Get access A. J. Camm, A. J. Camm London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. W. Serruys P. W. Serruys Rotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, Volume 14, Issue suppl_B, July 1993, Page 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/14.suppl_B.1 Published: 01 July 1993
Efficient on-line data summarization using extremum summaries (2012)

We are interested in the task of online summarization of the data observed by a mobile robot, with the goal that these summaries could be then be used for applications such as surveillance, identifying samples to be collected by a planetary rover, and site inspections to detect anomalies. In this paper, we pose the summarization problem as an instance of the well known k-center problem, where the goal is to identify k observations so that the maximum distance of any observation from a summary sample is minimized. We focus on the online version of the summarization problem, which requires that the decision to add an incoming observation to the summary be made instantaneously. Moreover, we add the constraint that only a finite number of observed samples can be saved at any time, which allows for applications where the selection of a sample is linked to a physical action such as rock sample collection by a planetary rover. We show that the proposed online algorithm has performance comparable to the offline algorithm when used with real world data.
Schema Theory-Based Pre-Reading Tasks: A Neglected Essential in the ESL Reading Class. (2003)

________________________ Reading comprehension is one of the main purposes of ESL teaching/learning. In brief there are two main outlooks on reading. The first, a product oriented approach to reading, assumes meaning exists in the text itself, and it is text-based factors that determine meaning. In this view pre-reading activities rely mostly on clarifying the meaning of difficult words or complex structures. Whereas, for the second, process-oriented approach to reading, meaning is obtained through a successful interaction between the reader and the text, and it is inside-the-head factors that play an important role in comprehension. Accordingly, background knowledge will be of primary importance for ESL readers, and schema-based pre- reading activities should be used for activating and constructing such background knowledge. In this study, as an ESL reading instructor I worked with a group of intermediate –level students for one academic term, with a special focus on schema-theory –based pre-reading activities. At the end of the term, in a retrospective study the students ’ impressions and thoughts of the strategies covered during
Effects of a novel topical immunomodulator, imiquimod, on keratinocyte cytokine gene expression. (1994)

A novel immunomodulator, imiquimod, has been shown to be an effective topical antiviral and antitumor agent in animal models. Imiquimod has been reported to induce interferon-alpha and other cytokines in animals and humans, but its precise role as an immunomodulator at skin sites has not been determined. We investigated its effect on cytokine gene expression in the human epidermal carcinoma cell line COLO-16 and human keratinocytes. COLO-16 cells were incubated with imiquimod (1 and 10 micrograms/ml) and human keratinocytes with 5 micrograms/ml for 6 or 24 h. Cytokine gene expression was analyzed by reverse-transcriptase PCR. In COLO-16 cells, imiquimod stimulated IL-6 mRNA levels 2.3- and 4.4-fold at 1 and 10 micrograms/ml after 6 h. IL-8 mRNA increased 4-fold at both 1 and 10 micrograms/ml. At 24 h, though IL-6 mRNA level at 1 micrograms/ml was further stimulated, enhanced expressions of IL-8 at 1 micrograms/ml and both IL-6 and IL-8 at 10 micrograms/ml were down-regulated. In human keratinocytes, 5 micrograms/ml of imiquimod stimulated IL-6 mRNA levels 1.4-fold at 6 h and 2.1-fold at 24 h, and IL-8 mRNA levels 1.7- and 2.0-fold at 6 and 24 h. IL-1 alpha mRNA levels in COLO-16 or keratinocytes were unchanged by either dose or incubation time. These results suggest that stimulation of IL-6 and IL-8 expression may be involved in the immunomodulating action of imiquimod.
The relationship of the feces protein particles to rice protein bodies. (1975)

Feces protein particles (FPP), spherical or oval in shape, 1.0_??_3.5 μ in diameter, which were observed in the fresh feces of the Japanese, in an average density of 5×109/g, resembled the rice protein bodies (RPB) in electron-microscopical fine structure. The FPP decreased in the feces of the man who had been given a rice-free diet consisting of steamed sweet potato; when boiled rice had been fed, the FPP increased, and reached the level of the original density within 5 days. The FPP were concluded to be derived from an indigestible fraction of the RPB which were supplied to the Japanese with the daily intake of rice.
Synergistic activation of a G protein-coupled receptor kinase by G protein beta gamma subunits and mastoparan or related peptides. (1994)

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR, m2 subtype) are phosphorylated in an agonist-dependent manner by a G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GR kinase) at sites located in the central part of mAChR. The GR kinase phosphorylated a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the m2 phosphorylation sites (13-GST). Phosphorylation of 13-GST was markedly stimulated by mastoparan: the Km for 13-GST decreased from 7.3 to 0.17 microM in the presence of 100 microM mastroparan and the Vmax increased 23-fold. beta gamma Subunits of G proteins synergistically stimulated the phosphorylation of 13-GST in the presence of 1-10 microM mastoparan by increasing the affinity of mastoparan for the GR kinase. The phosphorylation of mAChR by the GR kinase was also synergistically stimulated by 1-10 microM mastoparan in the presence of beta gamma subunits, but was inhibited by 100 microM mastoparan. Similar stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the phosphorylation of 13-GST and mAChR were observed using synthetic peptides of 15-20 amino acid residues corresponding to sequences of intracellular segments adjacent to the transmembrane segments of mAChR. These results are consistent with and support the idea that the GR kinase is synergistically activated by both G protein beta gamma subunits and agonist-bound receptors.
Restriction of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 to the Peptidergic Subset of Primary Afferent Neurons Follows Its Developmental Downregulation in Nonpeptidergic Neurons (2011)

Primary afferent "pain" fibers (nociceptors) are divided into subclasses based on distinct molecular and anatomical features, and these classes mediate noxious modality-specific contributions to behaviors evoked by painful stimuli. Whether the heat and capsaicin receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) is expressed heterogeneously across several sensory populations, or is selectively expressed by a unique nociceptor subclass, however, is unclear. Here we used two lines of Trpv1 reporter mice to investigate the primary afferent expression of TRPV1, both during development and in the adult. We demonstrate, using Cre-induced lineage tracing, that during development TRPV1 is transiently expressed in a wide range of dorsal root ganglion neurons, and that its expression is gradually refined, such that TRPV1 transcripts become restricted to a specific subset of peptidergic sensory neurons. Finally, the remarkable sensitivity that is characteristic of these reporter mice revealed an innervation of central and peripheral targets by TRPV1+ primary afferents in the adult that is considerably more extensive than has previously been appreciated.
CHAC1/MGC4504 Is a Novel Proapoptotic Component of the Unfolded Protein Response, Downstream of the ATF4-ATF3-CHOP Cascade (2009)

To understand pathways mediating the inflammatory responses of human aortic endothelial cells to oxidized phospholipids, we previously used a combination of genetics and genomics to model a coexpression network encompassing >1000 genes. CHAC1 (cation transport regulator-like protein 1), a novel gene regulated by ox-PAPC (oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-3-glycero-phosphorylcholine), was identified in a co-regulated group of genes enriched for components of the ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) arm of the unfolded protein response pathway. Herein, we characterize the role of CHAC1 and validate the network model. We first define the activation of CHAC1 mRNA by chemical unfolded protein response-inducers, but not other cell stressors. We then define activation of CHAC1 by the ATF4-ATF3-CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein), and not parallel XBP1 (X box-binding protein 1) or ATF6 pathways, using siRNA and/or overexpression plasmids. To examine the subset of genes downstream of CHAC1, we used expression microarray analysis to identify a list of 227 differentially regulated genes. We validated the activation of TNFRSF6B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6b), a FASL decoy receptor, in cells treated with CHAC1 small interfering RNA. Finally, we showed that CHAC1 overexpression enhanced apoptosis, while CHAC1 small interfering RNA suppressed apoptosis, as determined by TUNEL, PARP (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) cleavage, and AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor) nuclear translocation.