gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disaster Planning (2013)

The 9/11 attacks reframed the narrative regarding disaster medicine. Bypass strategies have been replaced with absorption strategies and are more specifically described as "surge capacity." In the succeeding years, a consensus has coalesced around stratifying the surge capacity into three distinct tiers: conventional, contingency, and crisis surge capacities. For the purpose of this work, these three distinct tiers were adapted specifically to burn surge for disaster planning activities at hospitals where burn centers are not located. A review was conducted involving published plans, other related academic works, and findings from actual disasters as well as modeling. The aim was to create burn-specific definitions for surge capacity for hospitals where a burn center is not located. The three-tier consensus description of surge capacity is delineated in their respective stratifications by what will hereinafter be referred to as the three "S's"; staff, space, and supplies (also referred to as supplies, pharmaceuticals, and equipment). This effort also included the creation of a checklist for nonburn center hospitals to assist in their development of a burn surge plan. Patients with serious burn injuries should always be moved to and managed at burn centers, but during a medical disaster with significant numbers of burn injured patients, there may be impediments to meeting this goal. It may be necessary for burn injured patients to remain for hours in an outlying hospital until being moved to a burn center. This work was aimed at aiding local and regional hospitals in developing an extemporizing measure until their burn injured patients can be moved to and managed at a burn center(s).
Objective sleep measures and subjective sleep satisfaction: How do older adults with insomnia define a good night's sleep? (1998)

The relationship between objective sleep measures and subjective sleep satisfaction was explored in a sample of 47 older adults (59 years and older; 35 women, 12 men) with primary insomnia. Participants submitted to all-night sleep evaluations (polysomnography) for 2 nights. After each night, participants provided subjective sleep-satisfaction ratings. Depth of sleep (decreased Stage 1 sleep and increased Stages 3 and 4 sleep) and sleep latency were the best predictors of subjective sleep satisfaction. For other sleep variables such as sleep efficiency and wake time after sleep onset, no value predicted satisfaction on a particular night. However, for these sleep variables, relative improvement from Night 1 to Night 2 predicted greater subjective satisfaction.
Participation of prostate apoptosis response-4 in degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in models of Parkinson's disease (1999)

Dysfunction and death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons underlies the clinical features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Increasing evidence suggests roles for oxidative stress and a form of cell death called apoptosis in the pathogenesis of PD. We recently identified a 38-kd protein called prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4), which is rapidly induced in cultured neurons after exposure to apoptotic insults, and appears to play a necessary role in the cell death process. We now report that Par-4 levels increase dramatically in midbrain dopaminergic neurons of monkeys and mice exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The increase in Par-4 levels occurs in both neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra and their axon terminals in the striatum, and precedes loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and cell death. In the monkey model, Par-4 levels were also increased in several brain regions (red nucleus, lateral geniculate nucleus, and cerebral cortex) in which functional alterations have previously been documented in PD patients and MPTP-treated monkeys. Exposure of cultured human dopaminergic neural cells to the complex I inhibitor rotenone, or to Fe2+, resulted in Par-4 induction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and subsequent apoptosis. Blockade of Par-4 induction by antisense treatment prevented rotenone- and Fe2+-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis demonstrating a critical role for Par-4 in the cell death process. The data suggest that Par-4 may be involved in the neurodegenerative process in PD.
65-micron thin monocrystalline silicon solar cell technology allowing 12-fold reduction in silicon usage (2003)

Thin (<70 micron) single crystal silicon solar cells have been manufactured through the use of a novel process involving selective etching. Narrow grooves are micromachined through the wafer using a standard micromachining technique with cells manufactured on the resulting silicon strips. These bifacial cells have a much greater surface area than the original wafer, leading to dramatic decreases in processing effort and silicon usage. Individual cells fabricated using the new process have displayed efficiencies up to 17.5% while a 560cm2 prototype module has displayed an efficiency of 12.3%. The size, thickness and bifacial nature of the cells offer the opportunity for a wide variety of module architectures and applications.
High performance liquid chromatography: fundamental principles and practice (1995)

Introduction. Efficiency, retention, selectivity and resolution in chromatography. Modes of chromatography. HPLC stationary phases. Instrumentation: pumps, injectors and column design. Instrumentation: detectors and integrators. Quantitation. Sample preparation. Polymer analysis. HPLC in biomedical and forensic analysis. Environmental analysis. Food, organic and pharmaceutical applications.
The General Theory of Bolometer Performance (1953)

A general phenomenological theory of the static and dynamic behavior of bolometers is presented. The theory assumes as given the fundamental relations between the temperature and resistance of the bolometer, and the past history of the power dissipated within it. From these basic properties are derived a number of the properties of more immediate interest, such as electrical impedance, responsivity as a function of frequency, and the static load curve.Several equivalent circuits are developed to represent the behavior of the bolometer as a function of frequency at a single operating point. A two-terminal equivalent circuit is described that represents the electrical impedance as a function of frequency. In order to represent the response of the bolometer to incident radiation as a function of frequency, a four-terminal equivalent circuit is described.An electrical bridge is described that permits one to measure by purely electrical means the electrical response that a bolometer would have to radiation of any given time dependence, including radiation that varies sinusoidally. By purely electrical means and without the need of a radiation source (calibrated or otherwise), the bridge provides a precise measurement of the bolometer’s responsivity (output volts per watt of incident radiation) as a function of frequency. An electrical signal S(t) at the input of the bridge produces the same electrical output as would be produced in the normal use of the bolometer by a radiation signal with the same wave form as S(t).The presentation is in three parts: static performance; stability; and dynamic performance.
Present and Future of PI3K Pathway Inhibition in Cancer: Perspectives and Limitations (2011)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) control key signaling pathways in cancer cells, leading to cell proliferation, survival, motility and angiogenesis. In several human cancers, activation of PI3Ks results from gain-of-function or over-expression of PI3Ks and/or hyperactivity of up- or downstream players in the pathway. As inhibition of PI3Ks and downstream targets such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to reduce tumor growth in vitro and in preclinical models, several small molecule inhibitors of PI3Ks are currently undergoing clinical trial as novel agents in cancer therapy. These drugs include inhibitors targeting all class I PI3Ks (α, β, γ, δ isoforms), compounds blocking selective PI3K isoforms and dual inhibitors active on both PI3Ks and mTOR. Herein, we summarize the pharmacology and preliminary clinical data of the main PI3K inhibitors undergoing clinical trial. We will also review the preclinical studies documenting the major effects of systemic PI3K inhibition on non-cancer tissues, which have shed light on potential side effects, caveats and limitations for PI3K blockade in patients.
Controlling optical return loss in production silicon photonic metamaterial fiber couplers (2020)

A cost-efficient and low-complexity optical input/output (I/O) packaging solution is a substantial challenge for volume production of photonic integrated circuits. To address this, metamaterial fiber couplers are an attractive solution for integrated photonic devices especially for optical I/O, interfacing standard optical fibers to photonic chips. They offer the advantages of refractive index engineering to achieve better mode match as well as higher fabrication tolerances. Metamaterial waveguides, as a fundamental building block of these fiber couplers, have attracted tremendous attention in recent years. Here, we report on effective optical return loss control in Si metamaterial waveguide designs to achieve ultra-low reflection loss in CMOS-compatible silicon photonics implemented in a 300 mm production line. Low backscattering is a substantial consideration for a range of applications. Here, a return loss of better than -30<i>d</i><i>B</i> is achieved.
Derecho y management en las Administraciones Públicas (1993)

Are the apradigms of public management and administrative law incompatible? Judging from the way many politicians and public managers perceive them, this would appear to be the case. nevertheless, the hypothesis of this paper is just the opposite. In order to justify this hyphotesis the author examines the close coincidence between the paradigms that are the basis of traditional administrative law ("the anti-discretionary proyect") on the one hand and the traditions of classic bureaucracy and "scientific" management. Law and Management have trouble communicating and the author sees this as a result of the different speeds at which changes in the paradigms of the two fields are taking place. While management has alredy abandoned any pretension to universal rationality of the bureaucratic model and is searching for more complex and plural forms of rationality, administrative law is still clinging to the mechanistic and universal intellectual paradigm that is sometimes called the "anti-discretionary project". This is causing public managers to perceive administrative law as just another "bureaupathology". This paper advocates the need to produce a paradigm shift in administrative law in order to foster the potential of a dialogue with post-bureaucratic public management.
Endothelial progenitor cells correlate with lesion volume and growth in acute stroke (2010)

Higher EPC levels were indicative of smaller volumes of acute lesion, final lesion, and lesion growth, and may serve as markers of acute phase stroke severity. However, a larger prospective study is needed to confirm our findings.
1% Lymphazurin vs 10% Fluorescein for Sentinel Node Mapping in Colorectal Tumors (2004)

With the exception of cost, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 dyes. While easy availability and lower cost remain distinct advantages of fluorescein, Lymphazurin remains the gold standard. In patients with known hypersensitivity to Lymphazurin and when availability and cost are an issue, fluorescein may be used effectively for SLN mapping in colorectal tumors.
TRACE VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS IN BEER III. VOLATILE CARBONYL COMPOUNDS (1962)

A simple microdiffusion procedure is described for the determination of acetaldehyde in beer, whereby the acetaldehyde content of the beer sample in the outer chamber of a Conway unit is absorbed in a semicarbazide solution and the optical density of the product is measured at 224 mμ. The estimation is not specific for acetaldehyde, as it in fact determines total volatile carbonyl compounds. A colorimetric estimation is also described.
A method for the selective extraction of histone fractions f2(a)1 and f2(a)2 from calf thymus deoxyribonucleoprotein at pH7 (1967)

1. A new method has been developed for the specific extraction of histone fraction f2(a) from calf thymus deoxyribonucleoprotein at pH7 by using a mixture of ethanol and guanidinium chloride. 2. Fraction f2(a) has been separated into the subfractions f2(a)1 and f2(a)2 by acetone precipitation from acid solution, and at pH7. 3. Modifications of existing electrophoretic methods are described that enable these fractions to be more easily characterized.
Machine learning approaches to estimating software development effort (1995)

Accurate estimation of software development effort is critical in software engineering. Underestimates lead to time pressures that may compromise full functional development and thorough testing of software. In contrast, overestimates can result in noncompetitive contract bids and/or over allocation of development resources and personnel. As a result, many models for estimating software development effort have been proposed. This article describes two methods of machine learning, which we use to build estimators of software development effort from historical data. Our experiments indicate that these techniques are competitive with traditional estimators on one dataset, but also illustrate that these methods are sensitive to the data on which they are trained. This cautionary note applies to any model-construction strategy that relies on historical data. All such models for software effort estimation should be evaluated by exploring model sensitivity on a variety of historical data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunohistochemical localization of substance P and enkephalin in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rhesus monkey, <i>Macaca mulatta</i> (1987)

The nucleus tractus solitarii in the monkey Macaca mulatta was found to have several subdivisions based upon cytoarchitectonics and immunohistochemistry. Subdivisions that could be identified included commissural, medial, parvicellular, dorsolateral, ventrolateral, intermediate, and interstitial. Substance P and enkephalin immunoreactivity was localized within discrete regions of the nucleus tractus solitarii, by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Substance P immunoreactivity occurred most frequently in the interstitial subdivision of the nucleus tractus solitarii. Moderate accumulations of substance P immunoreactivity were present in the commissural, medial, parvicellular, dorsolateral, and intermediate subdivisions, but very little was present in the ventrolateral subdivision. Enkephalin immunoreactivity followed the staining patterns of substance P; however, the amounts of enkephalin immunoreactivity were less than amounts for substance P. Following colchicine treatment, large numbers of enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons were distributed throughout all subdivisions, many being located in the parvicellular and medial subdivisions. The few substance P-immunoreactive neurons found were restricted to the parvicellular subdivision. The distribution of substance P and enkephalin immunoreactivity in M. mulatta is very similar to that described in the cat and rat. In addition, the extensive overlap of the distribution of these two putative neurotransmitters provides morphological evidence for their possible participation in the autonomic regulation within the nucleus tractus solitarii.
Reduction of optical phase noise in semiconductor lasers (1982)

There are several applications of highly coherent semiconductor lasers, especially in coherent optical-fibre communications systems and optical-fibre sensors. Optical phase noise is extremely important in these applications. Here we report preliminary results from a simple technique whereby phase noise in semiconductor lasers may be reduced. Initial results demonstrate a phase-noise reduction of typically 20 dB. Developments of the technique should permit reduction towards the shot noise limit.
Charge transfer in FeO: A combined molecular-dynamics and <i>ab initio</i> study (2005)

Molecular-dynamics simulations and ab initio electronic structure calculations were carried out to determine the rate of charge transfer in stoichiometric wustite (FeO). The charge transfer of interest occurs by II/III valence interchange between nearest-neighbor Fe atoms, with the Fe(III) constituting a "hole" electronic defect. There are two possible nearest-neighbor charge transfers in the FeO lattice, which occur between edge-sharing or corner-sharing FeO(6) octahedra. Molecular-dynamics simulations predict charge-transfer rates of 3.7 x 10(11) and 1.9 x 10(9) s(-1) for the edge and corner transfers, respectively, in good agreement with those calculated using an ab initio cluster approach (1.6 x 10(11) and 8.0 x 10(8) s(-1), respectively). The calculated rates are also similar to those along the basal and c-axis directions in hematite (alpha-Fe(2)O(3)) determined previously. Therefore, as is the case for hematite, wustite is predicted to show anisotropic electrical conductivity. Our findings indicate that a rigid-ion model does not give acceptable results, thus showing the need to account for the change in polarizability of the system upon charge transfer. Our model achieves this by using a simple mechanical shell model. By calculating the electronic coupling matrix elements for many transition state configurations obtained from the molecular-dynamics simulations, we found evidence that the position of the bridging oxygen atoms can greatly affect the amount of electronic coupling between the donor and acceptor states. Finally, we address the effect of oxygen vacancies on the charge transfer. It was found that an oxygen vacancy not only creates a driving force for holes to transport away from the vacancy (or equivalently for electrons to diffuse toward the vacancy) but also lowers the free-energy barriers for charge transfer. In addition, the reorganization energy significantly differed from the nondefective case in a small radius around the defect.
Development of a Wind Turbine Simulator for Wind Generator Testing (2007)

The paper presents the development of a wind turbine simulator which consists of an induction motor driven by a torque control inverter. The wind turbine simulation system includes wind speed simulation, mathematical models of wind turbines, modeling of rotor blade characteristics, modeling of tower effect and emulation of rotor inertia. Wind speed can be easily programmed based on Van der Hoven spectrum, or recorded wind speed data or manual set up. The developed algorithms were implemented by a low-cost, high-performance digital signal controller with C language and the system was tested in a laboratory with a 1 kW dc generator. The power responses, torque responses and tip speed ratio responses confirms that the system can perform satisfactorily under step changes of power reference, load disturbances and tower effect.
The synthesis and X-ray structures of the geometric isomers of 1-amino-1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (1993)

The geometric isomers of 1-amino-1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid were isolated as the hydrolysis products of 2-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid-5,5′-hydantoin. The hydantoin ester was formed from ethyl -2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate via a Bucherer–Bergs reaction. Hydrolysis of the hydantoin at elevated temperatures gave a mixture of trans- and cis-1 -amino-1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acids indicating epimerization during hydrolysis. The trans product has not been described previously and the cis not extensively characterized. X-ray crystallography reveals that both isomers are zwitterionic in the solid state and the cis isomer molecules are linked by unusually strong hydrogen bonding. Structures were confirmed by 13 C NMR, X-ray crystallography, and elemental analysis. Physical data are also presented.
Generic peer-to-peer support for a personal service platform (2003)

Building on previous work of the OASIS group at SICS, this paper presents a generic peer-to-peer system for the sView personal service platform. The sView platform provides each user with a personal service briefcase from which services may be reached using a variety of devices and interfaces. With the peer-to-peer system, called Briefcase Connectivity, we leverage the community of all sView users, the ultimate purpose of which is to simplify the propagation of cooperating services, to enable users to become individual service providers, and to bring to the users a greater number of specialized services. We suggest that sView with Briefcase Connectivity and today's electronic services demonstrate a viable model to make a step toward tomorrow's ubiquitous computing.
Overview of Mechanical Thrombectomy Techniques (2019)

The recently reported superiority of mechanical thrombectomy to intravenous thrombolytics has jettisoned endovascular intervention into the forefront of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management. These successes have allowed a chance for recanalization for patients not meeting the strict eligibility criteria for intravenous thrombolytics. Stent retrieval and aspiration have emerged as two of the most popular and effective approaches for AIS thrombectomy. Since the beginning of mechanical thrombectomy with the Merci device (Stryker) and first-generation Penumbra aspiration system (Penumbra Inc), contemporary techniques have demonstrated reliable recanalization and improved clinical outcomes. Here, we review the use of stent retrieval and aspiration, as well as their synergy, in the management of AIS.
The Effect of Substituents on the Reactivity of the Double Bond of D-Glycals (1983)

Abstract A study was made concerning the effect of substituants at 0-3, 0-4 and 0-6 of d-galactal and d-glucal (1, 5-anhydro-2-deoxy-d-lyxo- and -d-arabino-hex-1-enitol, respectively) on the double bond reactivity in the chloroazide addition reaction. Results from the quantum chemical calculations of the model structures (ab initio) and also of the whole cyclic molecules in the half-chair conformation (MINDO-3) together with the reaction indices of olefin carbon atoms are presented. These studies snow that (1) the double bond reactivity and the chloroazide addition mechanism are only affected by the substituent at 0-3; (2) the influence of the acyl group is only due to its inductive effect; (3) no interaction between the acyl and the olefin fragments through space was detected. Three 0-acetyl-di-0-benzyl-d-galactals were synthesized.
Database Structure and Manipulation Capabilities of a Picture Database Management System (PICDMS) (1984)

The database structure and data manipulation capabilities of a generalized PICture Database Management System (PICDMS) are presented. They are based on a dynamic, stacked-image, logical database structure that uses gridded, rather than topological, data representation. A prototype PICDMS has been designed and implemented. A commercial version is being used as a generator of image processing programs. The system has novel capabilities for nonprogrammer users: it is able to 1) build multiple-variable databases from photographs and other two-dimensional data sources such as maps, drawings, etc., and 2) manipulate such data using simple logical commands. Physical organization and accessing strategies are outlined. A summary of the PICDMS data manipulation capabilities is presented and a subset of operations is illustrated with brief examples. A comprehensive example displays PICDMS capabilities and the programming advantages it possesses over other approaches.