gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Anticompetitive Effects of Anti-Abortion Protest (2000)

16 See Eastern Railroad Presidents ' Conference v Noerr Motor Freight, Inc, 365 US 127, 144 (1961) (holding that railroad companies' conspiracy to place restraints on trucking companies did not violate antitrust laws because their actions were designed to prompt government action).See also United Mine Workers of America v Pennington, 381 US 657, 670 (1965) (following Noerr in the context of union negotiations for favorable legislation).See generally Daniel R. Fischel, Antitrust Liability for Attempts to Influence Government Action: The Basis & Limits of the Noerr-Pennington Doctrine, 45 U Chi L Rev 80, 82 (1977). 1715 USC 1 (1994). 18 See Gulf Oil Corp v Copp Paving Co, 419 US 186, 194 (1974) ("The jurisdictional reach of 1 ... is keyed directly to effects on interstate markets and interstate flow of goods.").19 Earl W. Kintner, 2 Federal Antitrust Law 9.2 at 5 (Anderson 1980) ("Only those concerted activities of contracting, conspiring, and combining, which intentionally restrain or have the effect of unreasonably restraining trade of commerce, come within the reach of Section 1.").[2000: tives. 2 ' Finally, courts must determine whether the conduct at issue constitutes an unreasonable restraint of trade creating anticompetitive effects. 211. Defining commerce.The Supreme Court defined the breadth of Sherman Act jurisdiction early in the statute's history. 22 In Northern Securities Co v United States, 23 the Court established that the Sherman Act "embrace[s] and declare[s] to be illegal every contract, combination, or conspiracy, in whatever form, of whatever nature, and whoever may be parties to it, which directly or necessarily operates in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states." 24Under this broad principle, the Sherman Act's potential jurisdiction coincides with the breadth of interstate commerce.While a recent Supreme Court decision appears to narrow the definition of interstate commerce, 2 5 modern non-profit organizations engage in activities that clearly involve interstate commerce.6 As the Supreme Court announced in McLain v Real Estate Board of New Orleans, Inc, 27 since the enactment of the Sherman Act "experience, forms and modes of business and commerce have changed along with changes in communication and 20 See generally Goldfarb v Virginia State Bar, 421 US 773 (1975).In dicta, the Court first raised the issue of non-profit exemptions from antitrust laws: "The public service aspect, and other features of the professions, may require that a particular practice, which could properly be viewed as a violation of the Sherman Act in another context, be treated differently.We intimate no view on any other situation than the one with which we are confronted today."
An experimental study of station keeping on an underactuated ASV (2008)

Dynamic positioning is an important application for marine vehicles that do not have the luxury of anchoring or mooring themselves. Such vehicles are usually large and have arrays of thrusters that allow for controllability in the sway as well as the surge and yaw axes. Most smaller boats however, are underactuated and do not possess control in the sway direction. This makes the control problem significantly more challenging. We address the station keeping problem for a small autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) with significant windage. The vehicle is required to hold station at a given position. We describe the design of a weighted controller that uses wind feed-forward to complement a line-of-sight guidance controller to achieve satisfactory performance under slow-varying moderate wind conditions. We test the control system in simulation and in field trials with a twin-propeller ASV. Experiments show that the controller works very well in moderate wind conditions allowing the ASV to keep station with a position error of approximately one vehicle length.
Quantification of Intravenously Administered Contrast Medium Transit through the Peripheral Arteries: Implications for CT Angiography (2005)

Aortopopliteal bolus transit times differ widely among patients and may be substantially delayed in all patients with PAOD. Empirical injection protocols should include an injection duration of 35 seconds or more, as well as an increased scanning delay, with table speeds of more than 30 mm/sec.
Painful Channels in Sensory Neurons (2005)

Pain is an unpleasant sensation experienced when tissues are damaged. Thus, pain sensation in some way protects body from imminent threat or injury. Peripheral sensory nerves innervated to peripheral tissues initially respond to multiple forms of noxious or strong stimuli, such as heat, mechanical and chemical stimuli. In response to these stimuli, electrical signals for conducting the nociceptive neural signals through axons are generated. These action potentials are then conveyed to specific areas in the spinal cord and in the brain. Sensory afferent fibers are heterogeneous in many aspects. For example, sensory nerves are classified as Aa, -b, -d and C-fibers according to their diameter and degree of myelination. It is widely accepted that small sensory fibers tend to respond to vigorous or noxious stimuli and related to nociception. Thus these fibers are specifically called nociceptors. Most of nociceptors respond to noxious mechanical stimuli and heat. In addition, these sensory fibers also respond to chemical stimuli [Davis et al. (1993)] such as capsaicin. Thus, nociceptors are considered polymodal. Recent advance in research on ion channels in sensory neurons reveals molecular mechanisms underlying how various types of stimuli can be transduced to neural signals transmitted to the brain for pain perception. In particular, electrophysiological studies on ion channels characterize biophysical properties of ion channels in sensory neurons. Furthermore, molecular biology leads to identification of genetic structures as well as molecular properties of ion channels in sensory neurons. These ion channels are expressed in axon terminals as well as in cell soma. When these channels are activated, inward currents or outward currents are generated, which will lead to depolarization or hyperpolarization of the membrane causing increased or decreased excitability of sensory neurons. In order to depolarize the membrane of nerve terminals, either inward currents should be generated or outward currents should be inhibited. So far, many cationic channels that are responsible for the excitation of sensory neurons are introduced recently. Activation of these channels in sensory neurons is evidently critical to the generation of nociceptive signals. The main channels responsible for inward membrane currents in nociceptors are voltage-activated sodium and calcium channels, while outward current is carried mainly by potassium ions. In addition, activation of non-selective cation channels is also responsible for the excitation of sensory neurons. Thus, excitability of neurons can be controlled by regulating expression or by modulating activity of these channels.
Novel <i>GATA6</i> Mutations Associated with Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect or Tetralogy of Fallot (2012)

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common form of developmental malformation and is the leading noninfectious cause of infant mortality. Emerging evidence indicates that genetic defects are involved in the pathogenesis of CHD. Nevertheless, CHD is genetically heterogeneous, and the molecular basis for CHD in a majority of patients remains unknown. In this study, the whole coding region of GATA6, a gene encoding a zinc-finger transcription factor crucial for normal cardiogenesis, was sequenced in 380 unrelated patients with CHD. The relatives of the index patients harboring the identified mutations and 200 unrelated control individuals were subsequently genotyped. The functional effect of the mutations was characterized using a luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, two novel heterozygous GATA6 mutations, p.D404Y and p.E460X, were identified in two families with ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot, respectively. The mutations co-segregated with CHD in the families with complete penetrance, and were absent in 400 control chromosomes. Functional analysis demonstrated that the mutated GATA6 proteins were associated with significantly decreased transactivational activity in comparison with their wild-type counterpart. These findings provide novel insight into the molecular mechanism implicated in CHD, suggesting potential implications for the early prophylaxis and personalized treatment of CHD.
Prevention of Arterial Thrombosis by Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of Cyclooxygenase Gene (1996)

Adenovirus-mediated transfer of COX-1 to angioplasty-injured carotid arteries was efficacious in augmenting PGI2 synthesis and was associated with an inhibition of thrombosis when a relatively high titer of adenovirus was instilled.
An Energy-Detector for Noncoherent Impulse-Radio UWB Receivers (2009)

This study proposes an energy detector for a noncoherent impulse-radio UWB receiver, designed in a 0.18-mum CMOS technology. The squaring functionality is realized exploiting the quadratic characteristic of MOS transistors, and the deviation from such a characteristic due to short channel effects and device mismatch is carefully considered in the paper. The squared signal is integrated using a Gm-C integrator that is interfaced with the squarer using a flipped voltage follower current sensor as a current to voltage converter. The proposed circuit dissipates 5.4 mW for a receiver sensitivity at the antenna of -89 dBm. Synchronization is demonstrated at the system level and some considerations on robustness to narrowband interferers are presented.
Prolonged Bartonella bacteremia in cats associated with cat-scratch disease patients (1995)

Recent evidence supports a causal relationship between Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae, cat-scratch disease (CSD), and bacillary angiomatosis. Cats appear to be the primary reservoir. Blood from 19 cats owned by 14 patients diagnosed with CSD was cultured. Blood samples from cats owned by veterinary students (n = 25) having no association with CSD or bacillary angiomatosis were cultured as controls. Eighty-nine percent (17 of 19) of cats associated with CSD patients and 28% (7 of 25) of controls were bacteremic with Bartonella species (chi-square = 16.47; P < 0.001). Twenty-three isolates were characterized as B. henselae, while one isolate from the cat of a CSD patient appeared to be a new Bartonella species. Thirteen cats remained culture positive during the ensuing 12-month period. Our results support the conclusion that B. henselae is the predominant species involved in CSD and is transmitted by cats. The incidence of Bartonella bacteremia in control cats suggests that B. henselae bacteremia is prevalent among the domestic cat population in the United States.
Parametric investigation of the sheath potential in a low-frequency rf discharge (1987)

The interdependence of the sheath potential, sheath thickness, electron density, and electron temperature as a function of the gas pressure and rf voltage is examined experimentally in a parallel-plate discharge. It is found that the key to the understanding of the complex behavior of the discharge lies in the understanding of the collective responses of these plasma parameters. We have also presented a simple Langmuir probe method for determining the sheath thickness
Interactions and Training with Unmanned Systems and the Nintendo Wiimote (2008)

As unmanned systems continue to evolve and their presence becomes more prolific, new methods are needed for training people to interact with these systems. Likewise, new interfaces must be developed to take advantage of the increasing capabilities of these platforms. However, the complexity of such interfaces must not grow in parallel with advancements in unmanned systems technology. A common form of human communication is through the use of arm and hand gestures. Applying gesture-based communication methods to human-to-robot communication may increase the interface capabilities, resulting in less complex, natural and intuitive interfaces. In the context of military operations, hand and arm gestures (such as those listed in the Army Field Manual on Visual Signals, FM 21-60) may be used to communicate tactical information and instructions to robotic team members. We believe that a gesture-based interface provides a natural method for controlling unmanned systems and reduces training time and training costs for military personnel by reusing standard gestures. The research presented explores these hypotheses through interactions with unmanned systems using computermediated gesture recognition. The methodology employs the Nintendo Wii Remote Controller (Wiimote) to retrieve and classify one- and two-handed gestures that are mapped to an unmanned system command set. To ensure interoperability across multiple types of unmanned systems, our technology uses the Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS); an emerging standard that provides a hardware and software independent communication framework. In this paper, a system is presented that uses inexpensive, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology for gesture input to control multiple types of unmanned systems. A detailed discussion of the technology is provided with a focus on operator usability and training. Finally, to explore the efficacy of the interface, a usability study is presented where participants perform a series of tasks to control an unmanned system using arm and hand gestures.
Accountability of Perfect Concurrent Signature (2008)

Concurrent signature provided a novel idea for fair exchange protocol without trusted third party. Perfect Concurrent Signature is proposed to strengthen the ambiguity of the concurrent signature. Wang et al, pointed out there exist an attack against the fairness of Perfect Concurrent Signature and proposed the improved perfect concurrent signature. This paper find that in proposed (perfect) concurrent signature protocol, no matter two party or multi-party, the signer could bind multiple messages with one keystone set but let the other signers know only one of the messages. Based on this observation, this paper proposes that accountability should be one of the security properties of (perfect) concurrent signature and we give the definition of accountability of concurrent signature. To illustrate this idea, this paper give an attack scene against the accountability of improved perfect concurrent signature proposed by Wang et al. Finally, this paper proposes an update version of perfect concurrent signature to avoid such attack.
Simulations of Phospholipids Using a Coarse Grain Model (2001)

A computationally efficient coarse grain model designed to closely mimic specific phospholipids is used to study a number of phospholipid systems to demonstrate its strengths and weaknesses. A study of a membrane containing an anesthetic, halothane, illustrates the shortcomings of this model in treating systems without extensive parametrization. In contrast, the power of the model is demonstrated by its ability to successfully simulate the self-assembly of two phospholipid phases from random initial configurations: a lamellar phase and a reverse hexagonal phase in a ternary system containing water, a hydrocarbon, and a phospholipid. The aqueous columns in the reverse hexagonal phase tend to adopt polygonal cross sections and the local structure of phospholipids is still bilayer-like. Molecular dynamics was found to be much more efficient at simulating self-assembly in the current systems than Monte Carlo.
Synergistic effects of butyrate on platelet responses to arachidonate, A23187, PGE1, and forskolin (1986)

Abstract With eukaryotic cells, butyrate is known to induce a series of morphological and biochemical changes that mimic cellular differentiation. With platelets, we have found that butyrate (10 mmol/L) caused an approximately threefold increase in sensitivity to calcium ionophore A23187 and arachidonate. Maximum aggregation was observed at agonist concentrations of 3 mumol/L and 170 mumol/L, respectively, as compared with required concentrations of 10 mumol/L and 400 mumol/L in the absence of butyrate. Similar effects were seen with isobutyric acid, and about one-half the effect was shown with valerate and caproate, but lower homologues showed no synergistic effect. No ultrastructural changes were observed in platelets incubated with butyrate, and the aggregation effects were reversible and returned to normal on removal of butyrate. Membrane fluidity was unchanged by butyrate as measured by changes in the fluorescence depolarization of diphenylhexatriene. Butyrate caused a 60% to 70% increase in the uptake of 3H-arachidonate. Butyrate also potentiated the inhibition of platelet function by prostaglandin E1 and forskolin and uptake of 3H- forskolin was increased approximately 20%. In contrast, platelet response to other agonists (ADP, epinephrine, collagen, thrombin, and platelet-activating factor) was essentially unaffected by butyrate. These results suggest that butyrate may increase the uptake of certain hydophobic agonists and antagonists by platelets. Similar mechanisms for uptake of endogenous effectors may explain the response of eukaryotic cells to butyrate in culture.
Programmable Kiri‐Kirigami Metamaterials (2016)

Programmable kirigami metamaterials with controllable local tilting orientations on demand through prescribed notches are constructed through a new approach of kiri-kirgami, and their actuation of pore opening via both mechanical stretching and temperature, along with their potential application as skins for energy-saving buildings, is discussed.
Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: pharmacokinetics and side effects of interferon and adenine arabinoside alone and in combination (1982)

In an uncontrolled trial, 29 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection were treated with 93 courses of adenine arabinoside at doses ranging from 2.5 to 15 mg/kg per day. Most patients were treated concomitantly with human leukocyte interferon. Significant, but transient, neurotoxicity was seen with adenine arabinoside therapy in 44% of all courses. Manifestations of toxicity were mainly neurological and ranged from pain syndromes to tremors and, rarely, seizures. Suppression of numbers of lymphocytes was also noted. All effects were reversible with time. The extent of toxicity was dependent upon the dosage of adenine arabinoside. Treatment with interferon appeared to potentiate the occurrence of toxicity with adenine arabinoside. Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine serum levels increased in a dose-dependent manner and tended to accumulate in interferon-treated hepatitis patients during a course of therapy. Elevated blood levels and drug accumulation were associated with toxicity in a significant fashion. Human leukocyte interferon was administered to 38 patients in 113 separate courses. Interferon side effects were rapidly reversible upon cessation of therapy. These included initial fever, myalgias, and hair loss as well as suppression of granulocytes, platelets, and lymphocytes in the blood.
Dispersed-Dot Ordered Dither (1987)

This chapter contains sections titled: Method of Recursive Tessellation, Examples for Regular Grids, Exposure Plots
Performance test of an LSO-APD detector in a 7-T MRI scanner for simultaneous PET/MRI. (2006)

Further work will concentrate on the construction of a full PET detector ring with compact, integrated electronics.
Sub-band adaptive speech enhancement for hearing aids (2002)

This paper presents: (1) a summary of features of the human auditory system and aspects of sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) that support suspicion of an adaptive sub-band binaural noise-cancellation process; (2) description of a diverse sub-band adaptive processing (DSBAP) approach; and (3) experimental results indicating that DSBAP shows promise as a method of speech enhancement for hearing aids.
Diabetes Support Group-Study Results and Implications (1996)

ABSTRACT This study examines the implications of support groups and their impact on the specific population of diabetics. An in-depth examination takes place of pre- and post-intervention levels of two variables in the subjects: pre- and post-glycosylated hemoglobin levels and pre- and post-social support questionnaire results. Subjects were studied over a 17 week period, and were involved in weekly meetings of a 1 1/2 hour support group for 10 weeks. The components of the meetings included gaining a sense of community to lessen the impact of isolation set up by this chronic illness, gaining personal insights into subjects' individual “stage” of adaptation to the disease, identification of feelings, discussion of potential complications, the potential impact of stress, exercise and positive self-talk on the blood glucose levels, coping strategies for dealing with multiple demands, and an opportunity to share with those who understand the impact of diabetes in subjects' individual lives. The intervention's effect shows a trend for reducing glycosylated hemoglobin levels, but this change was statistically inconclusive. The research shows an increase in Confidant social support for participants who were involved in the support group study at the p < .10 level. Affective social support was not significantly changed. The findings of the current study outline the impact of a short-term support group experience on individuals living with diabetes. Future research ventures with lab tests which examine shorter-term glyco.
Use of topical lithium succinate for seborrhoeic dermatitis. (1986)

Use of topical lithium succinate for seborrhoeic dermatitis
34.4: High Performance CMOS‐on‐Plastic Circuits using Sequential Laterally Solidified Silicon TFTs (2006)

Abstract We developed a CMOS‐on‐plastic technology using sequential lateral solidification to form LTPS TFTs. We have achieved unity‐gain frequencies f t greater than 250 MHz, with CMOS ring oscillators operating at 100 MHz. To our knowledge these are the highest frequency transistors and circuits ever fabricated directly on plastic.
Phase I/IIa trial of fractionated radiotherapy, temozolomide, and autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (2014)

The treatment regimen was well tolerated and resulted in favorable PFS and OS for newly diagnosed GBM patients. Clinical trial registration no.: UMIN000001426 (UMIN clinical trials registry, Japan).
Web Crawler : Review of Different Types of Web Crawler, Its Issues, Applications and Research Opportunities (2017)

Today's search engines are equipped with dedicated agents known as “web crawlers” keen to crawling large web contents online which are analyzed and indexed and make the content available to users. Crawlers act together with thousands of web servers over periods expanding from weeks to several years. These crawlers visits several thousands of pages every second, includes a high-performance fault manager, are platform independent or dependent and are able to get used to a wide range of configurations without including additional hardware. This paper is focused on prerequisites of crawler, process of crawling and different types of crawlers. This paper give review about some potential issues related to crawler, applications and research area of web crawler. 

Keywords: search engine, web crawler, www, Indexing, website analysis,