gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Ajax to Empower Dynamic Searchinb (2006)

The use of Ajax, or Asynchronous JavaScript + XML, can result in Web applications that demonstrate the flexibility, responsiveness, and usability traditionally found only in desktop software. To illustrate this, a repository metasearch user interface, OJAX, has been developed. OJAX is simple, unintimidating but powerful. It attempts to minimize upfront user investment and provide immediate dynamic feedback, thus encouraging experimentation and enabling enactive learning. This article introduces the Ajax approach to the development of interactive Web applications and discusses its implications. It then describes the OJAX user interface and illustrates how it can transform the user experience.
Exact confidence interval for the shape parameter of a log-logistic distribution (1997)

The log-logistic distribution is a useful distribution in survival analysis. Exact confidence interval and exact statistical test about the shape parameter of a log-logistic distribution are discussed in this article. The necessary table for calculating the limits of a confidence interval or the critical values of a statistical test is obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. The method provided in this paper can be used for type II censored data. A similar result can be developed for the logistic distribution.
20年代末至30年代初数学中“运用”辩证法的尝试 (1992)

本世纪20年代,我国爆发了“辩证法家”与“机械论者”的激烈论战,在这种背景下,人们开始讨论数学中的哲学问题。起初,政治在其中并没发挥多大作用,但到20年代末,当包括布哈林的“右倾”在内的所有反对派被粉碎以后,由于斯大林的政治路线需要“全民的支持”,政治因素的作用急剧增长。令人迷惑不解的是,数学竟成了受到哲学和政治这两个因素影响的首批蒙难者之一。
Regulation of oosporogenesis by <i>Lagenidium giganteum</i>; promotion of sexual reproduction by unsaturated fatty acids and sterol availability (1986)

Induction and maturation of the sexual oospores of the facultative mosquito parasite Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) are influenced by exogenous lipid media supplements. Sterols structurally related to cholesterol are necessary for induction of sexual reproduction and possibly have at least a structural role in oospore maturation following spore wall formation. Sterols also enhance uptake of certain exogenous fatty acids from growth media. Palmitoleic, oleic, and linoleic acids, especially when added to media as triacylglycerols, enhance oospore induction and maturation. It is hypothesized that enrichment of the fatty acyl compounds of the fungus with unsaturated moieties affects cyclic nucleotide metabolism and promotes cellular and vesicular fusion events associated with oosporogenesis by regulating (increasing) membrane fluidity. Results are discussed in relation to mediation of fusion events in a number of diverse model membrane and biological systems by fatty acids and sterols.
MK-767. Kyorin/Banyu/Merck. (2003)

MK-767 (KRP-297, L-410198) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and PPAR gamma agonist under development by Banyu, Kyorin and Merck for the potential treatment of diabetes. The compound is currently undergoing phase III trials in the US and phase I trials in Japan.
TUMESA: MEMS tuneable metamaterials for smart wireless applications (2012)

International audience
Long-chain and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in ocular aging and age-related macular degeneration (2010)

Retinal long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs, C(12)-C(22)) play important roles in normal human retinal function and visual development, and some epidemiological studies of LC-PUFA intake suggest a protective role against the incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). On the other hand, retinal very long-chain PUFAs (VLC-PUFAs, C(n>22)) have received much less attention since their identification decades ago, due to their minor abundance and more difficult assays, but recent discoveries that defects in VLC-PUFA synthetic enzymes are associated with rare forms of inherited macular degenerations have refocused attention on their potential roles in retinal health and disease. We thus developed improved GC-MS methods to detect LC-PUFAs and VLC-PUFAs, and we then applied them to the study of their changes in ocular aging and AMD. With ocular aging, some VLC-PUFAs in retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid peaked in middle age. Compared with age-matched normal donors, docosahexaenoic acid, adrenic acid, and some VLC-PUFAs in AMD retina and RPE/choroid were significantly decreased, whereas the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs was significantly increased. All these findings suggest that deficiency of LC-PUFAs and VLC-PUFAs, and/or an imbalance of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, may be involved in AMD pathology.
Advances in Ceramics Related to Electronic Tube Developments (1954)

In some of the older vacuum tubes operating at 1‐mc. frequency or lower glass envelopes and porous ceramic refractories were used for internal supports. Some of the more modern electronic tubes operating at 10,000 mc. (3‐cm. wave length) require vacuum‐tight envelopes with (1) physical stability at operating temperatures (preferably a highly crystalline composition), (2) good mechanical strength, (3) surfaces which will take metallizing, (4) metal or alloy components of comparable thermal expansions, and (5) low dielectric losses, even after being heated in a reducing atmosphere such as hydrogen, or in a vacuum. After providing a brief historical background, the author discusses changes in properties of a few crystals and glasses and gives many detailed composition studies of four types of bodies, including such properties as linear thermal expansion and dielectric properties at 3‐cm. wave length, viz.: alumina, K 8.4, PF 0.0006; forsterite, K 6.3, PF 0.0006; zircon‐talc, k7.5, PF 0.0026; and steatite, K 6.6, PF 0.0005. A brief account is presented of the development of sealing techniques and some details are given for three modern methods of making ceramic‐metal seals by using (1) Mn‐Mo, (2) MoO 3 , and (3) TiH 2 as the active metallizing agents.
Tuning Supramolecular Rigidity of Peptide Fibers through Molecular Structure (2010)

We synthesized a series of peptide amphiphiles (PAs) with systematically modified amino acid sequences to control the mechanical properties of the nanofiber gels they form by self-assembly. By manipulating the number and position of valines and alanines in the peptide sequence, we found that valines increase the stiffness of the gel, while additional alanines decrease the mechanical properties. Vitreous ice cryo-transmission electron microscopy shows that all PA molecules investigated here form nanofibers 8-10 nm in diameter and several micrometers in length. We found through Fourier transform IR experiments a strong correlation between gel stiffness and hydrogen bond alignment along the long axis of the fiber. Molecules that form supramolecular structures with the highest mechanical stiffness were found by circular dichroism to self-assemble into beta-sheets with the least amount of twisting and disorder, a result that is consistent with IR experiments. Molecular control of mechanical stiffness in three-dimensional artificial peptide amphiphile matrices offers a chemical strategy to control biological phenomena such as stem cell differentiation and cell morphology.
Deliberately personal: Tobacco control debates and deliberative democracy in New South Wales (2006)

In this paper the authors examine some of the main features of public discourse concerning tobacco control, analyzing parliamentary debate in New South Wales between 1980 and 2003. They ask how deeply tobacco industry discursive frames (e.g. the ‘right to smoke’) penetrated and organized parliamentary discourse and also identify what kinds of ideas were mobilized to justify tobacco control despite government reluctance to intervene. They find that the overall evolution of tobacco control policy was shaped by legislators’ commitment to the ideals of deliberative democracy. It is argued first that parliamentary debate on tobacco control was conducted in highly moralized language that effectively excluded the tobacco industry's arguments. Second, it is shown that this discourse was constructed and validated through the extensive use of personal anecdote and references, through which MPs sought to reflect public opinion and engage in authentic deliberation. Finally it is argued that MPs positioned this concern for authentic deliberation as part of the debate on tobacco itself, associating tobacco control with ideal government.
Human Influenza A Virus (H5N1) Detection by a Novel Multiplex PCR Typing Method (2007)

We report the use of ResPlex III for genotyping influenza A viruses. The performance characteristics of the assay with regard to H5N1 are further evaluated. The ResPlex system incorporates a novel multiplex PCR technology, target-enriched multiplex PCR, to simultaneously amplify multiple molecular targets in one reaction. The ResPlex III assay targets the H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, H9, N1, and N2 genes from the influenza A virus as well as the NS genes from influenza A (NSA) and B (NSB) viruses, providing detection and genotyping of influenza A and B viruses. The analytical sensitivities for detecting the H5, N1, and NSA genes were 1, 10(-1), and 10 50% tissue culture infectious doses/200 microl/reaction, respectively. A total of 217 sequential clinical samples including 14 samples with human H5N1 infections were tested by the ResPlex III assay, and the results were compared to a reference standard combined with results of viral culture and conventional reverse transcriptase and real-time PCR. The clinical sensitivity and specificity for detecting H5N1 were 93.3% and 100%, respectively, indicating that different subtypes of influenza A virus can be quickly and correctly identified using the ResPlex III genotyping approach.
Robust Working Memory in an Asynchronously Spiking Neural Network Realized with Neuromorphic VLSI (2012)

We demonstrate bistable attractor dynamics in a spiking neural network implemented with neuromorphic VLSI hardware. The on-chip network consists of three interacting populations (two excitatory, one inhibitory) of leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons. One excitatory population is distinguished by strong synaptic self-excitation, which sustains meta-stable states of "high" and "low"-firing activity. Depending on the overall excitability, transitions to the "high" state may be evoked by external stimulation, or may occur spontaneously due to random activity fluctuations. In the former case, the "high" state retains a "working memory" of a stimulus until well after its release. In the latter case, "high" states remain stable for seconds, three orders of magnitude longer than the largest time-scale implemented in the circuitry. Evoked and spontaneous transitions form a continuum and may exhibit a wide range of latencies, depending on the strength of external stimulation and of recurrent synaptic excitation. In addition, we investigated "corrupted" "high" states comprising neurons of both excitatory populations. Within a "basin of attraction," the network dynamics "corrects" such states and re-establishes the prototypical "high" state. We conclude that, with effective theoretical guidance, full-fledged attractor dynamics can be realized with comparatively small populations of neuromorphic hardware neurons.
A novel active harmonic load-pull setup for on-wafer device linearity characterization (2004)

In this paper we present a novel active harmonic load-pull measurement setup devoted to the linearity characterization of on-wafer devices. The proposed setup facilitates independent control of the reflection coefficients at the device under test (DUT) reference planes for the base band (f/sub IF/), fundamental (f/sub 0/), and second-order frequency (f/sub 2nd/) products. By employing a new concept for the active loads, a small phase variation with frequency of the reflection coefficients at the DUT planes has been achieved. This enables on-wafer device testing with realistic wide-band modulated signals. The applied real-time calibration scheme provides /spl Gamma//sub IN/, /spl Gamma//sub S/ and /spl Gamma//sub L/ at the DUT for all frequency-mixing products (including base-band). Using the proposed setup, optimum loading conditions for maximum device linearity can be offered on-wafer without any compromise, facilitating a straightforward evaluation of the linearity properties of "new" technology generations.
Structural and immunological characterization of <i>E. coli</i> derived recombinant CRM197 protein used as carrier in conjugate vaccines (2018)

It is established that the immunogenicity of polysaccharides is enhanced by coupling them to carrier proteins. Cross reacting material (CRM<sub>197</sub>), a nontoxic variant of diphtheria toxin (DT) is widely used carrier protein for polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. Conventionally, CRM<sub>197</sub> is isolated by fermentation of <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> C7 (β<sub>197</sub>) cultures, which often suffers from low yield. Recently, several recombinant approaches have been reported with robust processes and higher yields, which will improve the affordability of CRM<sub>197</sub>-based vaccines. Vaccine manufacturers require detailed analytical information to ensure that the CRM<sub>197</sub> meets quality standards and regulatory requirements. In the present manuscript we have described detailed structural characteristics of <i>Escherichia coli</i> based recombinant CRM<sub>197</sub> (rCRM<sub>197</sub>) carrier protein. The crystal structure of the <i>E. coli</i> based rCRM<sub>197</sub> was found to be identical with the reported crystal structure of the C7 CRM<sub>197</sub> produced in <i>C. diphtheriae</i> C7 strain (Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID: 4EA0)<sub>.</sub> The crystal structure of rCRM<sub>197</sub> was determined at 2.3 Å resolution and structure was submitted to the PDB with accession number ID 5I82. This is the first report of a crystal structure of <i>E. coli</i> derived recombinant CRM<sub>197</sub> carrier protein. Furthermore, the rCRM<sub>197</sub> was conjugated to Vi polysaccharide to generate Typhoid conjugate vaccine (Vi-rCRM<sub>197</sub>) and its immunogenicity was evaluated in Balb/C Mice. The Vi-rCRM<sub>197</sub> conjugate vaccine was found to generate strong primary α-Vi antibody response and also showed a booster response after subsequent vaccination in mice. Overall data suggest that <i>E. coli</i> based recombinant CRM<sub>197</sub> exhibits structural and immunological similarity with the C7 CRM<sub>197</sub> and can be used as a carrier protein in conjugate vaccine development.
Diastolic murmur of coronary artery stenosis. (1973)

Three patients with a diastolic murmur associated with coronary artery stenosis are described. The source of the murmur was conclusively proved in the first case, and in the other patients the murmur and coronary angiographic findings were identical. The characteristics of the murmur and its mechanism of production are described. Since the three patients were all seen within a six-month period, this sign is probably not a rarity.
A Methodology for the Extraction of Reader's Emotional State Triggered from Text Typography (2008)

In this chapter we presented a theoretical survey on emotions and a methodology on how reader's emotional state can be modelled. The selection of the Self Assessment Manikin Test and the dimensional approach for emotions led to a procedure for modelling the reader's emotional states on typesetting and font elements of e-documents. Documents contain many more elements and their combinations as presented in 4.1 prior to the elements in our experiment, for further experimentation. The proposed modelling can be used in Artificial Intelligence for a number of applications. For example, as proposed in (Tsonos et al., 2007b), we can use the emotionally annotated documents for the multimodal accessibility of documents, focusing on the acoustic modality. Expressive Speech Synthesis (IEEE, 2006) creates more physical results. The dimensional approach of the emotions is also used in speech synthesis (Tsonos et al., 2007b) (Schr?der, 2006). In Figure 8 a proposed real-time system that automatically produces emotional annotation to documents and conveys the visual elements into acoustic modality using expressive speech synthesis is presented. Future work includes the use of an e-TSA composer (Xydas & Kouroupetroglou, 2001a, 2001b) (Xydas et al., 2005) on the DEMOSTHeNES Text-to-Speech platform (Xydas & Kouroupetroglou, 2001c) and models for expressive speech synthesis as proposed by Schr?der (Schr?der, 2006), for acoustic rendition of emotionally annotated documents.
Thermoelastic Residual Stresses and Deformations at Laser Treatment (2013)

A thermoelastic model implying relaxation of stresses at melting is applied for materials with arbitrary thermoelastic properties and the melting point. The range of Poisson's ratio 0.17 - 0.34 is numerically studied. The residual stresses are independent of the space scale. In narrow remelted zones and beads the maximum longitudinal tensile stress is approximately twice as high as the transverse one. The calculations predict cracking of alumina, even with 1600 oC preheating, plastic deformation or cracking of hard metal alloys H13 and TA6 V, and no destruction of polystyrene and thestrongest grades of quartz glass. The calculation results can be used for predicting the thermomechanical stability of materials at laser treatment.
Shortening of cardiac action potential duration near an insulating boundary (2008)

It is known, from both experiments and simulations, that cardiac action potentials are shortened near a non-conducting boundary. In the present paper, this effect is studied in a simple, two-current ionic model, with propagation restricted to a 1D fibre. An asymptotic approximation for the dependence of action potential duration on distance to the boundary is derived. This estimate agrees well with simulations.
Transition metal complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione as efficient mediators for the regeneration of NAD+ in enzymatic synthesis (1993)

The complexation of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione by transition metals increases the catalytic turnover frequency by a factor of up to 17 for the aerobic-chemical and a factor of 14 for the indirect electrochemical NAD+-regeneration for HLADH catalysed alcohol oxidations in comparison with the uncomplexed phenanthrolinediones.
Vital role of protein kinase C‐related kinase in the formation and stability of neurites during hypoxia (2010)

Exposure of pheochromocytoma cells to hypoxia (1% O(2)) favors differentiation at the expense of cell viability. Additional incubation with nerve growth factor (NGF) and guanosine, a purine nucleoside with neurotrophin characteristics, rescued cell viability and further enhanced the extension of neurites. In parallel, an increase in the activity of protein kinase C-related kinase (PRK1), which is known to be involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, was observed in hypoxic cells. NGF and guanosine further enhanced PRK1 in normoxic and hypoxic cells. To study the role of PRK1 during cellular stress response and neurotrophin-mediated signaling, pheochromocytoma cells were transfected with small interfering RNA directed against PRK1. Loss of functional PRK1 initiated a significant loss of viability and inhibited neurite formation. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of PRK1 also completely stalled guanosine-mediated neuroprotective effects. Additionally, the F-actin-associated cytoskeleton and the expression of the plasticity protein growth associated protein-43 were disturbed upon PRK1 knockdown. A comparable dependency of neurite formation and growth associated protein-43 immunoreactivity on functional PRK1 expression was observed in cerebellar granule neurons. Based on these data, a putative role of PRK1 as a key-signaling element for the successive NGF- and purine nucleoside-mediated protection of hypoxic neuronal cells is hypothesized.
Functional programming in C++ (2000)

This paper describes FC++: a rich library supporting functional programming in C++. Prior approaches to encoding higher order functions in C++ have suffered with respect to polymorphic functions from either lack of expressiveness or high complexity. In contrast, FC++ offers full and concise support for higher-order polymorphic functions through a novel use of C++ type inference.Another new element in FC++ is that it implements a subtype polymorphism policy for functions, in addition to the more common parametric polymorphism facilities. Subtype polymorphism is common in object oriented languages and ensures that functions in FC++ fit well within the C++ object model.Apart from these conceptual differences, FC++ is also an improvement in technical terms over previous efforts in the literature. Our function objects are reference-counted and can be aliased without needing to be copied, resulting in an efficient implementation. The reference-counting mechanism is also exported to the user as a general-purpose replacement of native C++ pointers. Finally, we supply a number of useful functional operators (a large part of the Haskell Standard Prelude) to facilitate programming with FC++. The end result is a library that is usable and efficient, while requiring no extensions to the base C++ language.
Flexible and Stretchable Smart Display: Materials, Fabrication, Device Design, and System Integration (2018)

Abstract Recent technological advances in nanomaterials have driven the development of high‐performance light‐emitting devices with flexible and stretchable form factors. Deformability in such devices is mainly achieved by replacing the rigid materials in the device components with flexible nanomaterials and their assemblies (e.g., carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, graphene, and quantum dots) or with intrinsically soft materials and their composites (e.g., polymers and elastomers). Downscaling the dimensions of the functional materials to the nanometer range dramatically decreases their flexural rigidity, and production of polymer/elastomer composites with functional nanomaterials provides light‐emitting devices with flexibility and stretchability. Furthermore, monolithic integration of these light‐emitting devices with deformable sensors furnishes the resulting display with various smart functions such as force/capacitive touch‐based data input, personalized health monitoring, and interactive human–machine interfacing. These ultrathin, lightweight, and deformable smart optoelectronic devices have attracted widespread interest from materials scientists and device engineers. Here, a comprehensive review of recent progress concerning these flexible and stretchable smart displays is presented with a focus on materials development, fabrication techniques, and device designs. Brief overviews of an integrated system of advanced smart displays and cutting‐edge wearable sensors are also presented, and, to conclude, a discussion of the future research outlook is given.