gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Cross-Linked DNA Containing Oxidized Abasic Site Analogues (2014)

DNA interstrand cross-links are an important family of DNA damage that block replication and transcription. Recently, it was discovered that oxidized abasic sites react with the opposing strand of DNA to produce interstrand cross-links. Some of the cross-links between 2'-deoxyadenosine and the oxidized abasic sites, 5'-(2-phosphoryl-1,4-dioxobutane) (DOB) and the C4-hydroxylated abasic site (C4-AP), are formed reversibly. Chemical instability hinders biochemical, structural, and physicochemical characterization of these cross-linked duplexes. To overcome these limitations, we developed methods for preparing stabilized analogues of DOB and C4-AP cross-links via solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Oligonucleotides of any sequence are attainable by synthesizing phosphoramidites in which the hydroxyl groups of the cross-linked product were orthogonally protected using photochemically labile and hydrazine labile groups. Selective unmasking of a single hydroxyl group precedes solid-phase synthesis of one arm of the cross-linked DNA. The method is compatible with commercially available phosphoramidites and other oligonucleotide synthesis reagents. Cross-linked duplexes containing as many as 54 nt were synthesized on solid-phase supports. Subsequent enzyme ligation of one cross-link product provided a 60 bp duplex, which is suitable for nucleotide excision repair studies.
Alpha-1-microglobulin: an indicator protein for renal tubular function. (1983)

A comparison of urinary alpha 1-microglobulin concentrations to the behaviour of other indicators of renal tubular disorders, beta 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) has been made. In acute tubular disorders the concentrations of urinary beta 2M and RBP are highly correlated (r = 0.89) but this is less marked for alpha 1M and beta 2M (r = 0.55) and alpha 1M and RBP r = 0.48. NAG tends to run a parallel course to alpha 1M concentrations but lags behind the recovery of low molecular weight protein reabsorption following injury of the tubular cells. The concentrations of alpha 1M, and in particular its stability at low pH suggest that this protein may be useful in screening for tubular abnormalities and detecting chronic asymptomatic renal tubular dysfunction. Urinary alpha 1M greater than 15 mg/g creatinine is strongly suspicious of a proximal tubular dysfunction. The distinction between pure tubular proteinuria and mixed glomerular and tubular proteinuria requires further analysis.
Completely stale transmitter channel state information is still very useful (2010)

Transmitter channel state information (CSIT) is crucial for the multiplexing gains offered by advanced interference management techniques such as multiuser MIMO and interference alignment. Such CSIT is usually obtained by feedback from the receivers, but the feedback is subject to delays. The usual approach is to use the fed back information to predict the current channel state and then apply a scheme designed assuming perfect CSIT. When the feedback delay is large compared to the channel coherence time, such a prediction approach completely fails to achieve any multiplexing gain. In this paper, we show that even in this case, the completely stale CSI is still very useful. More concretely, we showed that in a MIMO broadcast channel with K transmit antennas and K receivers each with 1 receive antenna, K/1+1/2+···+1K (>; 1) degrees of freedom is achievable even when the fed back channel state is completely independent of the current channel state. Moreover, we establish that if all receivers have identically distributed channels, then this is the optimal number of degrees of freedom achievable. In the optimal scheme, the transmitter uses the fed back CSI to learn the side information that the receivers receive from previous transmissions rather than to predict the current channel state. Our result can be viewed as the first example of feedback providing a degree-of-freedom gain in memoryless channels.
Layered multicast with TCP-friendly congestion control using active networks (2003)

The paper introduces a new scheme of receiver-driven layered multicast using active networks (RLM-AN). As most layered multicast schemes conduct an end-to-end congestion control mechanism, we propose a distributed TCP-friendly congestion control scheme. The multicast tree is regarded as a set of virtual links and TCP-friendly congestion control is performed on each virtual link. By introducing the congestion control mechanism in the active nodes inside the network, we obtain smoother and more TCP-friendly throughputs and quick response to congestion inside the network.
Direct modulation at L-band using a quadrature modulator with feedback (1995)

This paper describes how a high quality modulated signal can be generated directly at the frequency of transmission, using a standard quadrature modulator and other commercially-available, low-cost building blocks. The method uses a feedback technique for automatic correction of carrier leakage, differential gain and phase mismatch errors in the quadrature modulator, and other building blocks, by providing guidance to the digital baseband portion of the modulator. Experimental results are presented for direct modulation at 1.65 GHz.
Methods and systems for alarm correlation (2002)

Alarm correlation can play an important role in improving the service and reliability in modern telecommunications networks. As networks grow in size and complexity, network management systems and their operators are finding it increasingly difficult to cope with the volume of alarm messages produced-even from a single network fault. This can make the task of monitoring the network and diagnosing faults difficult. The process of alarm correlation is defined and its role in the field of telecommunications network management is described. Additionally, the requirements of an alarm correlation system are discussed and several proposed correlation frameworks compared.
Enzyme-Free Plasmonic Biosensor for Direct Detection of Neurotransmitter Dopamine from Whole Blood (2018)

Complex biological fluids without pretreatment, separation, or purification impose stringent limitations on the practical deployment of label-free plasmonic biosensors for advanced assays needed in point of care applications. In this work, we present an enzyme-free plasmonic neurotransmitter dopamine biosensor integrated with a microfluidic plasma separator. This integrated device allows the in-line separation of plasma directly from the bloodstream and channels it to the active detection area, where inorganic cerium oxide nanoparticles function as local selective dopamine binding sites through strong surface redox reaction. A thorough understanding and engineering of the nanoparticles is carried out to maximize its dopamine sensitivity and selectivity. We obtain detection of dopamine at 100 fM concentration in simulated body fluid and 1 nM directly from blood without any prior sample preparation. The detection selectivity is found to be at least five-times higher compared to the common interfering species. This demonstration shows the feasibility of the practical implementation of the proposed plasmonic system in detection of variety of biomarkers directly from the complex biological fluids.
SATPdb: a database of structurally annotated therapeutic peptides (2015)

SATPdb (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/satpdb/) is a database of structurally annotated therapeutic peptides, curated from 22 public domain peptide databases/datasets including 9 of our own. The current version holds 19192 unique experimentally validated therapeutic peptide sequences having length between 2 and 50 amino acids. It covers peptides having natural, non-natural and modified residues. These peptides were systematically grouped into 10 categories based on their major function or therapeutic property like 1099 anticancer, 10585 antimicrobial, 1642 drug delivery and 1698 antihypertensive peptides. We assigned or annotated structure of these therapeutic peptides using structural databases (Protein Data Bank) and state-of-the-art structure prediction methods like I-TASSER, HHsearch and PEPstrMOD. In addition, SATPdb facilitates users in performing various tasks that include: (i) structure and sequence similarity search, (ii) peptide browsing based on their function and properties, (iii) identification of moonlighting peptides and (iv) searching of peptides having desired structure and therapeutic activities. We hope this database will be useful for researchers working in the field of peptide-based therapeutics.
Insect Control by Genetic Manipulation of Natural Populations (1971)

The possible use of chromosome rearrangements is considered as a means for introducing genes into insect populations for their own control. The release of laboratory-constructed strains differing from the field population for a number of chromosome interchanges should create an unstable situation leading to the rapid replacement of the field population. This replacement should allow introduction of genes for insecticide susceptibility, cold sensitivity, or the like. The process would produce sterile hybrids while the genetic displacement occurs which itself will contribute to a reduction in pest numbers.
A unified MLSE detection technique for TDMA digital cellular radio (2002)

A unified maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) detection technique is proposed for time division multiple access (TDMA) digital cellular radio. In this technique, the probabilistic likelihood metrics are calculated from the joint conditional probabilities of all received sample sequences, including complex-valued, oversampled, and/or multichannel diversity sequences, provided that the sample statistics are independent. Based on the calculated metrics, the Viterbi algorithm is used to decide on the maximum-likelihood sequence. The same unified approach can be used to analyze the probability of error for MLSE detection. As an application, a receiver employing the proposed detection technique is constructed and its performance is analyzed and simulated according to the North American digital cellular standard. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Reduction of Phosphorus in Runoff from Field‐Applied Poultry Litter Using Chemical Amendments (1995)

Abstract Field applications of poultry litter at rates to meet forage N requirements normally result in an over‐application of P. Chemical amendments have the potential to reduce the solubility of manure P through precipitation and/or adsorption reactions. This study was conducted to determine the effects of two chemical amendments, alum (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · 14H 2 O) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4 · 7H 2 O), on P concentrations and load in runoff and to evaluate the effects of amended litter on forage production. Litter was broadcast applied to fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plots at 11.2 Mg ha −1 alone and in combination with alum or ferrous sulfate (1:5 amendment/litter). Rainfall simulators were used to produce three runoff events at 2, 9, and 16 d after litter application. Alum reduced the P concentrations in runoff by 87 and 63% of that from litter alone for the first and second runoff events, respectively, whereas ferrous sulfate decreased runoff P concentration by 77 and 48%, respectively. Both chemical amendments resulted in significant reductions ( P < 0.05) in total P load for the first runoff event. Litter application significantly increased fescue yields, with total forage yield having the greatest response to alum‐amended litter. Mean forage yield with alum amended litter was 2358 kg ha −1 , compared with a mean yield of 1847 kg ha −1 with litter alone. This was probably due to decreased NH 3 volatilization with the alum treatment. The combination of decreased P loss and increased forage yields suggest that alum‐amended litter has substantial promise for use as an environmental and economic management tool in the poultry industry.
Ferrate (Fe(VI)) Application for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: A Novel Process for Simultaneous Micropollutant Oxidation and Phosphate Removal (2009)

A novel technology for enhanced municipal wasterwater treatment was assessed based on the dual functions of Fe(VI) to oxidize micropollutants and remove phosphate by formation of ferric phosphates. Second-order rate constants (k) for the reactions of selected pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, and organic model compounds with Fe(VI) were in the range of 1 (trimethylamine) to 9000 M(-1) s(-1) (aniline) in the pH-range 7-8. The selected compounds contained electron-rich moieties (ERM) such as phenols, anilines, amines, and olefins. Oxidation experiments in wastewater spiked with micropollutants at concentrations in the low microM range at pH 7 and 8 showed that Fe(VI) doses higher than 5 mg Fe L(-1) are capable of eliminating various ERM-containing micropollutants by more than 85%. In comparison to ozone, Fe(VI) was as effective or slightly less effective in terms of micropollutants oxidation, with Fe(VI) having the benefit of phosphate removal. To lower phosphate from 3.5 to 0.8 mg PO4-P L(-1) (regulatory limit for wastewater discharge in Switzerland), a Fe(VI) dose of 7.5 mg Fe L(-1) was needed. Overall, this study demonstrates Fe(VI) as a promising tool for an enhanced wastewater treatment to remove micropollutants as well as to control phosphate in a single treatment step.
A kurtosis-driven variable step-size LMS algorithm (2002)

A new technique for adjusting the step-size of the LMS algorithm is introduced. The proposed method adjusts the step-size sequence utilising the kurtosis of the estimation error, reducing therefore performance degradation due to the existence of significant Gaussian-distributed noise. The algorithm's behaviour is analysed and equations regarding the evolution of the weight-error correlation matrix and stability of the algorithm are established. The obtained theoretical results are shown to agree well with the experimental ones. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed algorithm compared to that of LMS and other existing time-varying step-size algorithms is found superior in terms of tracking speed and steady-state error.
Elevated Substance P Content in Induced Sputum from Patients with Asthma and Patients with Chronic Bronchitis (1995)

In experimental studies, tachykinins, especially substance P (SP), cause many of the pathophysiological features of neurogenic inflammation. It is unclear whether these peptides are involved in human airway inflammation in diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis. To elucidate the relation between neurogenic inflammation and airway inflammatory diseases, we examined the SP concentration in sputum after hypertonic saline inhalation challenge in patients with asthma, patients with chronic bronchitis, and normal volunteers. SP concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. The sputum SP concentration was significantly higher in patients with asthma (mean +/- SEM, 17.7 +/- 2.4 fmol/ml; p < 0.01) and patients with chronic bronchitis (25.6 +/- 5.5 fmol/ml; p < 0.01) than in normal volunteers (1.1 +/- 0.4 fmol/ml). In patients with asthma, the SP concentration was significantly related to the eosinophil cell count in induced sputum. In all subjects, the SP concentration in induced sputum correlated with FEV1/FVC. These data suggest that neurogenic inflammation may be involved in the airway inflammatory process and subsequent airway narrowing not only in asthma but also in chronic bronchitis.
Spike-Based Feature Extraction for Noise Robust Speech Recognition Using Phase Synchrony Coding (2007)

We propose a noise robust feature extraction technique for speech signals using phase synchrony. The front-end employs a psychoacoustic cochlea model with inner hair cells to transform speech into a parallel stream of spike trains as observed in the auditory nerve fibers. The degree of phase synchrony among nerve fibers with similar characteristic frequencies is calculated to yield a feature vector which shows little degradation in response to increasing levels of noise. As a benchmark, the feature set is used in a biologically plausible model with a spike-based, liquid state machine classifier for a simple acoustic classification task. Though applied to a simplified domain, the results indicate a superior performance when compared to a conventional speech recognition system, especially at very low signal-to-noise ratios.
Fast silicon etching using an expanding cascade arc plasma in a SF6/argon mixture (1992)

An expanding cascaded arc is used as a fluorine atom source for fast etching of silicon. Extremely high etch rates up to 1.3 μm/s have been obtained. A reactor parameter study has been performed. The obtained selectivity Si/SiO2 is ∼11 for substrate temperatures of 600 °C, increasing to ∼20 at 100 °C. The etching proces is fully isotropic.
Effects of 1,2-ethanedithiol concentration on performance improvement of quantum-dot LEDs (2019)

We report systematic efficiency variations of green-emitting CdSe@ZnS quantum-dot (QD) LEDs (QLEDs) in response to <i>in situ</i> treatments with 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) solutions at various concentrations. The main effect of <i>in situ</i> EDT treatment on a QD layer spin-coated onto a ZnO layer was vacuum-level shift due to dipole moments on the surface of the QD layer and at the interface between QD and ZnO layers. Competing contributions of these dipole moments were responsible for changes in energy level configurations and, accordingly, electron and hole barriers that resulted in discrepancies in electron- and hole-current variations. QLED efficiency was best when treated with an EDT solution of 4 mM, attributable to the largest increase in the hole- to electron current ratio. The maximum luminous yield of the 4 mM EDT-treated QLED was 5.43 cd A<sup>-1</sup>, which is 10 times higher than that of an untreated device. Furthermore, the luminous yield of this treated device remained as high as 2.56 cd A<sup>-1</sup> at a luminance of 500 cd m<sup>-2</sup>.
LTE Advanced — A further evolutionary step for Next Generation Mobile Networks (2010)

The World Radio Conference in 2007 identified additional spectrum for IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced systems. That's why also 3GPP has started a feasibility study for LTE-Advanced techniques to continuously evolve LTE technology. LTE-Advanced is expected to enable download peak rates over 1Gbps at 100MHz bandwidth and in the upload peak rates over 0.5Gbps. Novel techniques on radio interface are going to be analyzed especially to improve spectral efficiency and cell edge performance. Advanced Antenna systems, Multi-User and Multi-Cell Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission schemes for interference reduction, Cooperative Relaying are some of potential features to enhance the Next Generation Mobile Network.
Physical Properties of Polyurethanes Produced from Polyols from Seed Oils: I. Elastomers (2006)

Abstract Polyols synthesized by ozonolysis and hydrogenation from canola oil were reacted with aliphatic 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanates (HDI) to produce polyurethane (PU) elastomers. The properties of the materials were examined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and measurements were taken of tensile properties. The effect of dangling chains on network properties was assessed. The formation of hydrogen bonds was observed by FTIR. The measured properties were found to be strongly dependent on processing‐dependent factors such as the crosslinking density and the molar ratio of polyols to HDI component. The glass transition temperatures ( T g ) of the elastomers were found to increase as the OH/NCO molar ratio decreased. With the same OH/NCO molar ratio, T g of canola‐oil‐based PU was higher than that of soybean‐oil‐based PU. The TGA thermographs showed two well‐defined steps of degradation for all the elastomers. In the first step, up to 30% weight loss, the fastest rate of loss was found at 345 °C for canola‐oil‐based PU while soybean‐oil‐based PU lost most of the weight in the second step. With the same OH/NCO molar ratio, the elastomers made from canola‐oil‐based polyol showed slightly higher Young's modulus and tensile strength.
Learning-based hand sign recognition using SHOSLIF-M (2002)

We present a self-organizing framework called the SHOSLIF-M for learning and recognizing spatiotemporal events (or patterns) from intensity image sequences. The proposed framework consists of a multiclass, multivariate discriminant analysis to automatically select the most discriminating features (MDF), a space partition tree to achieve a logarithmic retrieval time complexity for a database of n items, and a general interpolation scheme to do view inference and generalization in the MDF space based on a small number of training samples. The system is tested to recognize 28 different hand signs. The experimental results show that the learned system can achieve a 96% recognition rate for test sequences that have not been used in the training phase.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical sensor based on carbon nanotube combined to a pre-concentrator nanoporous layer for the detection of benzene (2019)

International audience
Astigmatic gradient-index elements for laser-diode collimation and beam shaping (1995)

For the conversion of light from edge-emitting laser diodes into symmetric laser beams two main tasks have to be performed: collimation and beam shaping. Generally these two jobs are performed separately. Because of the inherently different divergence angles of the emitted light, collimation with astigmatic lenses generally results in a beam with an elliptically shaped amplitude distribution. This asymmetry has to be compensated for by an anamorphic imaging step to obtain the desired spherical beam profile. It can be advantageous to combine both jobs in one element. We demonstrate the design, the fabrication, and the application of refractive gradient-index elements, which allow one to perform both jobs with a single element. Our astigmatic lenses were fabricated by silver-sodium ion exchange in glass.
Transmultiplexing, transcontrol and transscrambling of MPEG-2/DVB signal (1996)

Broadcasting over satellite, telecom, cable and terrestrial now turns into digital delivery using the MPEG-2/DVB standards. Digital broadcasting provides possibilities to build new streams by multiplexing broadcasting signals from different satellites, telecom networks and terrestrial transmissions. All or some of the signals may be scrambled, and conditional access will be widely used to control the access to the signals. The challenge for the network operator is to be able to transmultiplex signals from several different sources to make up a new transport stream in a cost-effective and DVB compliant way. In addition, it is necessary for the network operator to control the access to the different services in his own network. Transcontrol is passing control of conditional access from one operator to another operator at media boundaries by changing entitlement control messages (ECM) and entitlement management messages (EMM). Passing control of conditional access can also be done by transscrambling. The functional outline for transmultiplexing, transcontrol and transscrambling are given. Tandberg Television has gained experience in this field by the development and production of a transcontroller for the D2-MAC system and is using the TT7000 SmartMux platform to implement the “trans”-functions for MPEG-2/DVB signals at media boundaries.