gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Bounds for Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward Relaying Based on Relay Path Selection (2009)

In this paper, we consider two-way amplify-and-forward relaying communication over a multiple relays network in which the best relay node is selected among others. Our proposed scheme picks for duplex communication between the source and the destination only the relay which provides the best end-to-end performance based on the instantaneous channel information. Similar to the relay selection method proposed, our scheme also does not require any explicit communications among the relays. Based on the proposed relay selection criterion, we offer the performance bounds on the average sum-rate, average symbol error rate, outage probability over identically, independent distributed Rayleigh fading channels. Further, our numerical examples show that our proposed scheme provides considerable sum-rate gains and offers an increasing a diversity order as the number of relay candidates increases.
CICATRIZATION OF WOUNDS (1916)

1. A method for measuring the area of a wound not geometric in form is described. 2. The rate of cicatrization of a wound is greater at the beginning than at the end of the period of repair. It depends on the area rather than on the age of the wound. There is a constant relation between the size of a wound and the rate of cicatrization. The larger the wound the greater is the rate of cicatrization. Two wounds of different size have a tendency to become equal. 3. The rate is proportional to the area, but diminishes less rapidly than the area. 4. The process of contraction is the more important factor in the repair of a wound. Epidermization completes the work of contraction. After the wound is healed, the cicatrix as a rule expands. 5. The curve representing the diminution of the size of an aseptic wound while it cicatrizes is regular and geometric.
Investigation of scroll compressor with frequency conversion and its application (2005)

The way of changing AC-motor speed and some advantages of application of scroll compressor with frequency conversion for energy saving and economy improving are introduced,its application in natural gas compression is especially discussed.At the same time,details of design procedure of equipressure natural gas supply system with frequency conversion is further discussed,realizing the application of scroll compressor with frequency conversion in the compression treatment of natural gas.Equipressure natural gas supply system with frequency conversion possesses the feature and advantages of the scroll compressor with frequency conversion and satisfies the design requirements.
Filter sharing: Efficient learning of parameters for volumetric convolutions (2016)

Typical convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have several millions of parameters and require a large amount of annotated data to train them. In medical applications where training data is hard to come by, these sophisticated machine learning models are difficult to train. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the inherent complexity of CNNs during training by exploiting the significant redundancy that is noticed in the learnt CNN filters. Our method relies on finding a small set of filters and mixing coefficients to derive every filter in each convolutional layer at the time of training itself, thereby reducing the number of parameters to be trained. We consider the problem of 3D lung nodule segmentation in CT images and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in achieving good results with only few training examples.
Absorbability and Cost Effectiveness in Calcium Supplementation (2001)

Given the equivalent bioavailability of the two marketed products, the cost benefit analysis favors the less expensive carbonate product.
10-nm-Scale Pattern Delineation Using Calixarene Electron Beam Resist for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gate Etching (2005)

We have examined a negative high-resolution electron beam resist, a chloromethylated calix[4]arene resist for advanced gate lithography. We identified safe and ecological developers that can be used in mass production processing lines. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or ethanol as a developer provided a high sensitivity. A 9-nm-wide isolated line was obtained when we exposed a 20-nm-thick resist using a 100-kV electron beam and developed it with IPA. We found that IPA development caused slight swelling, thus enabling us to obtain a 15-nm-wide line pattern with a high aspect ratio of approximately 6 when using a 90-nm-thick resist. IPA was the most promising of our tested developers in terms of safety, sensitivity, resolution, and aspect ratio. We also examined the dry etching resistance of the chloromethylated calix[4]arene resist and found that its selectivity to poly-Si was approximately 2, demonstrating that it was sufficiently durable for poly-Si gate etching.
A Decentralized Agent Framework for Dynamic Composition and Coordination for Autonomic Applications (2006)

This paper introduces a peer-to-peer agent framework for supporting autonomic applications in decentralized distributed environments. The framework provides agents to discover, compose, and control elements. It defines agent interaction and negotiation protocols to enable appropriate application behaviors to be dynamically negotiated and enacted. The defined protocols and agent activities are supported by a scalable decentralized shared-space based substrate. The implementation and experimental evaluation of the system are also presented
Length based network steganography using UDP protocol (2011)

In recent scientific literature, network based steganography is regarded as a new research direction in the paradigm of information hiding. Few approaches have been found which embed secret information by altering the length of network packets. In this paper, the steganographic security of an existing network length based embedding algorithm has been analyzed and a new scheme has been proposed to overcome the limitation of the existing scheme. In the proposed scheme, the length of UDP datagram is modified to embed the secret data. Experimental results show that proposed scheme ensures more security than that of the existing algorithm.
Relationship between foaming properties and solution properties of protein/nonionic surfactant mixtures (2000)

Abstract The foaming properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA), in the absence and presence of Triton X‐100 (TX‐100), have been investigated using shaking tests. The results showed that increases in the TX‐100 bulk concentration rapidly reduced both foam height and foam stability at TX‐100 concentrations below about 0.25 mM, but increased foam height and foam stability at TX‐100 concentration above 0.3 mM. The interaction between BSA and TX‐100 has been studied using fluorescence spectroscopy. The surfactant appeared to bind to BSA with a low molar ratio (about one surfactant molecule per protein molecule) at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC); the binding became weaker at concentrations above the CMC. It was confirmed that protein‐protein or protein‐surfactant interactions had significant influence upon foaming properties of mixed protein/surfactant system.
Industrial proteomics : applications for biotechnology and pharmaceuticals (2005)

This book covers both basic elements and the state-of-the-art in applications of proteomics. The first section gives an introduction to the field, from differential approaches to functional proteomics, including yeast two-hybrid, mass spectrometry, mapping of post-translational modifications, and NMR spectroscopy. The second section offers a complete picture of industry studies in proteomics for human health and biotechnology applications. The final section addresses the future, looking at the most promising areas such as protein arrays and the integration of genomic and proteomic tools.
Accuracy Analysis of Geo-Referencing by Vehicle-Borne Position and Orientation System in Laser Scanning (2008)

The main objective of this research is to analyses the accuracy and calibrate the sensors to develop a mobile mapping system for automatic surveying of the 3D objects. This system has become quite popular in recent years due to it's capability of providing information directly in three dimension. In our system, we have use laser scanners as the main data acquisition device, supplemented by line CCD cameras for texture information and as usual combination of GPS, INS and odometer for position and attitude information. Because every sensor and device has it's own local coordinate system. For example, GPS output is based on WGS84 coordinates system, Laser data is based on it's own local coordinate system, the origin of which lies at the laser scanning head and so on for other sensors and device. The major problem is to identify the spatial position of the objects scanned by the laser at any time while the vehicle is moving with reference to a common coordinate system. It involves the integration of all the sensors and devices to a common coordinate system, which is the local mapping coordinate system. The integration process mainly involves the computation of fixed rotation and shift vectors between the INS body and sensors. As the GPS and INS are physically located in two different places, we also need to know the shift vector between the GPS and INS.
Breast MR Imaging Screening in 192 Women Proved or Suspected to Be Carriers of a Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene: Preliminary Results (2000)

The accuracy of MR imaging is significantly higher than that of conventional imaging in screening high-risk women. Difficulties can be caused by an atypical manifestation of hereditary breast cancers at both conventional and MR imaging and by contrast material enhancement associated with hormonal stimulation.
Development of a locus-specific marker and localization of the Rysto gene based on linkage to a catalase gene on chromosome XII in the tetraploid potato genome (2008)

As a result of many decades of potato breeding in Keszthely, Hungary, numerous varieties resistant to the pathogens attacking potato have been developed using wild Solanum species as resistance sources. In order to simplify the time-consuming breeding process, the present research project involved the development of a SCAR marker correlating with the Rysto gene, originating from the Solanum stoloniferun species and conferring extreme resistance to the potato Y virus (PVY), using sequence information from a RAPD marker linked to the gene. The usefulness of the marker was tested on 21 varieties resistant or susceptible to PVY and it was found to provide efficient identification of genotypes carrying the Rysto gene. Based on its linkage to a new chromosome-specific anchor marker (Cat-in2), identified by means of the intron-targeting method not previously used in potato research, the Rysto gene was localized on chromosome XII.
Improved mask and source representations for automatic optimization of lithographic process conditions using a genetic algorithm (2005)

Intuitive design of the lithographic process becomes increasingly complicated in the regime of off-axis illumination and optical proximity correction. Therefore, new optimization procedures have to be introduced to facilitate the search for ideal process settings. This paper proposes mutual optimization of illumination and mask geometries using an automatic optimization approach based on a genetic algorithm. As presented elsewhere, this optimization procedure has been applied to different mask representations. It has been found that a blend of a fully parameterized and a pixel-based representation, i.e., a rectangle representation, leads to highly innovative solutions, but can still maintain an acceptable convergence behavior. This representation is revisited and its main principles and limitations are shortly discussed. The main focus of this paper is on a refinement of the source geometry representation. In previous versions, the general illumination setup had to be prespecified. Merely its parameters (e.g, inner and outer radius of annular illumination, number, offset, and radius of poles for multipole illumination) were optimized. In this work, the source is represented by a sector/track definition, which allows different sections of the illumination to have different transmission values. The obtained illumination geometry is transferred into a pixel-based representation, processable by the utilized Fraunhofer IISB in-house lithography simulator. The illumination shapes achieved with the proposed approach can, for example, be produced by diffractive optics elements (DOEs). Various merit criteria determine the imaging performance of both the mask and the source settings. As the merit or fitness function plays one of the central roles in the proposed optimization scheme, individual fitness criteria and their transformation into an objective function are revisited and shortly explained. New results for both dense and chain contact hole layouts, and a comparison with former results validate the proposed approach and illustrate its further potentials.
HYDROGELS: A REVIEW (2010)

Polymers play a vital role in pharmaceutical development. Efforts have been continuously made to search a polymer that act in a controlled and desired way. Hydrogel development has solved many such issues. This article deals with the fundamental and some recent advances made in the fabrication and design criteria of hydrogel based drug delivery.
TMR tape drive for a 15 TB cartridge (2017)

This paper highlights the development of tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) sensors for magnetic tape recording applications. This has led to the introduction of a tape drives supporting a 15 TB native tape cartridge, currently the highest capacity available. Underscoring this development is the fact that the TMR sensors must run in continual contact with the tape media. This is contrasted with modern hard disk drive (hdd) sensors, which fly above the disk platters. Various challenges encountered in developing and deploying TMR are presented. In addition, advances to the write transducer are also discussed. Lastly, the authors show that future density scaling for tape recording, unlike that for hdd, is not facing limits imposed by photolithography or superparamagnetic physics, suggesting that cartridge capacity improvements of 4 to 6x will be achieved in the next 4 to 8 years.
Assessment of the mutagenic, antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of ethanolic extract of araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart. 1841) by micronucleus test in mice (2008)

A typical Brazilian plant, araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.), is widely used in humans as therapeutic medicine to treat several diseases such as diarrhea, rheumatism and syphilis. It contains acetogenins which present cytotoxic, antitumogenic, and antiparasitic properties. In this study, mutagenic, antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of araticum leaves ethanolic extract were evaluated by micronucleus test in mice. To evaluate the mutagenic activity, animals were treated with ethanolic extract of araticum (EEA) using 10, 20, 50, 100 and 160 mg.kg(-1). For all doses, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) frequency was evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. To evaluate the antimutagenic activity, animals were treated with 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg.kg(-1) of EEA and 4 mg.kg(-1) of MMC simultaneously. The frequency of MNPCE was evaluated 36 hours after exposure. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). In the mutagenicity assessment, all doses of EEA resulted in no significant increase of MNPCE (P > 0.05), compared to solvent- control group. Regarding administration time, no significant difference among three evaluation periods was observed (P > 0.05). Such results indicate that EEA did not exert mutagenic activity. Cytotoxicity was evident in doses of 50, 100 and 160 mg.kg(-1) at 24 and 48 hours after exposure. Concerning antimutagenicity, except the 10 mg.kg(-1) co-administered with 4 mg/kg of MMC, all doses reduced significantly the frequency of MNPCE compared to the positive control group (P < 0.05). These results, therefore, indicate an antimutagenic activity of the EEA. Cytotoxicity was significantly increased (P < 0.01) at 100 mg.kg(-1) EEA doses co-administered with 4 mg.kg(-1) of MMC.
Desensitization Properties of AMPA Receptors at the Cerebellar Mossy Fiber–Granule Cell Synapse (2007)

Native AMPA receptors (AMPARs) exhibit rapid and profound desensitization in the sustained presence of glutamate. Desensitization therefore contributes to short-term depression at synapses in which glutamate accumulates. At synapses that do not exhibit desensitization-dependent depression, AMPARs are thought to be protected against prolonged or repetitive exposure to synaptically released glutamate. At the cerebellar mossy fiber to granule cell (GC) synapse, in which high release probability and glutamate spillover produce a substantial buildup of glutamate concentration in the cleft ([Glut]cleft) during high-frequency transmission, only moderate desensitization of the phasic AMPAR EPSC occurs. To investigate how such currents are produced, we examined the kinetic properties of synaptic AMPARs in GCs using glutamate uncaging. Photolysis of 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl-caged L-glutamate with large illumination spots produced step-like increases in [Glut]cleft that could be used to systematically probe AMPAR kinetics. At low levels of activation, synaptic AMPARs exhibited little desensitization. With larger activations, the desensitization time course became faster, but the level of desensitization was only weakly dependent on receptor occupancy. Indeed, a substantial desensitization-resistant current component remained (17%) in saturating glutamate. Photolysis with small illumination spots produced brief [Glut]cleft waveforms and transient AMPAR activations, similar to the EPSC current components. Paired-pulse uncaging with such spots revealed little desensitization after spillover-like activations and modest depression after activations that mimicked quantal and spillover components together. Our results show that GC AMPARs exhibit a resistance to desensitization at low occupancies and that this property is crucial for sustaining high-frequency transmission at a synapse in which glutamate accumulates.
Expanding the Scope of RAFT Polymerization: Recent Advances and New Horizons (2015)

Reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) has revolutionized modern polymer chemistry over the past two decades, thus laying the groundwork for the synthesis of complex macromolecules and enabling the preparation of previously inaccessible materials. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has emerged as one of the most promising techniques because of its functional group tolerance, applicability to a wide range of vinyl monomers, and its nondemanding experimental conditions. However, despite the promise and clearly demonstrated utility of RAFT, limitations of the method sometimes still exist, including the occasional need for extended polymerization times, limited access to high molecular weight polymers, low “livingness” due to unavoidable radical termination events, etc. This Perspective focuses on recent advances that have been specifically designed to address many of these perceived limitations to reinforce the promise of RAFT for the synthesis of complex and well-defined polymers under facile conditions.
Antivirulence <i>C</i>-Mannosides as Antibiotic-Sparing, Oral Therapeutics for Urinary Tract Infections (2016)

Gram-negative uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) bacteria are a causative pathogen of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Previously developed antivirulence inhibitors of the type 1 pilus adhesin, FimH, demonstrated oral activity in animal models of UTI but were found to have limited compound exposure due to the metabolic instability of the O-glycosidic bond (O-mannosides). Herein, we disclose that compounds having the O-glycosidic bond replaced with carbon linkages had improved stability and inhibitory activity against FimH. We report on the design, synthesis, and in vivo evaluation of this promising new class of carbon-linked C-mannosides that show improved pharmacokinetic (PK) properties relative to O-mannosides. Interestingly, we found that FimH binding is stereospecifically modulated by hydroxyl substitution on the methylene linker, where the R-hydroxy isomer has a 60-fold increase in potency. This new class of C-mannoside antagonists have significantly increased compound exposure and, as a result, enhanced efficacy in mouse models of acute and chronic UTI.
Aqua, Alcohol, and Acetonitrile Adducts of Tris(perfluorophenyl)borane:  Evaluation of Brønsted Acidity and Ligand Lability with Experimental and Computational Methods (2000)

Equilibrium studies have been performed to determine the Brønsted acidity of [(C6F5)3B(OH2)]·H2O, the aqua species that exists in acetonitrile solutions of B(C6F5)3 in the presence of water. NMR spectroscopic analysis of the deprotonation of [(C6F5)3B(OH2)]·H2O with 2,6-But2C5H3N in acetonitrile allows a pK value of 8.6 to be determined for the equilibrium [(C6F5)3B(OH2)]·H2O ⇄ [(C6F5)3B(OH)]- + [H3O]+. On the basis of a calculated value for the hydrogen bond interaction in [(C6F5)3B(OH2)]·H2O, the pKa for (C6F5)3B(OH2) is estimated to be 8.4 in acetonitrile. Such a value indicates that (C6F5)3B(OH2) must be regarded as a strong acid, with a strength comparable to that of HCl in acetonitrile. Dynamic NMR spectroscopic studies indicate that the aqua and acetonitrile ligands in (C6F5)3B(OH2) and (C6F5)3B(NCMe) are labile, with dissociation of H2O being substantially more facile than that of MeCN, by a factor of ca. 200 in rate constant at 300 K. Ab initio calculations were performed in the gas phase and with a dielectric solvent model to determine the strength of B−L bonds (L = H2O, ROH, MeCN) and hydrogen bonds involving B−OH2 and B−O(H)R derivatives.
The Valuation of Range Notes under Affine Term Structure Models (2008)

In this paper, we find analytic formulas for range accrual notes and spread range accrual notes in the context of the affine term structure model. Two important implications related to market risk management are derived: Firstly, the hedging strategy for range accrual notes may significantly depend on the choice of the underlying interest rate model. Secondly, the ambiguity of the correlation between underlying interest rates of spread range accrual notes can give a big difficulty to the traders and risk managers on valuing them.
Fruit Ripening (1987)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
A Propulsion Device for Spacecraft (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A method that exploits certain properties of a recirculating gas has been investigated as a means of achieving a sustained accelerative vector force without either the expulsion of mass from or a reaction against an external mass by the accelerated body. A theory of operation is presented that defines the capabilities and limitations of the method, and which has resulted in functioning prototypes. The prototype devices require only a source of electric power and a means of cooling to achieve an internally generated, externally measurable accelerative vector force that is sustained for as long as power is supplied to the device.</div>