gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution analysis by nano‐electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for the identification of molecular species of phospholipids and their oxidized metabolites (2004)

Nano-electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) was applied to identify the molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine of Caenorhabditis elegans, which has a high concentration of phospholipids with a fatty acyl chain having an odd number of carbon atoms. The molecular species of diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine with one fatty acyl chain having an odd number of carbon atoms and one fatty acyl chain having an even number of carbon atoms was identified separately from alkyl-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine with an alkyl chain having an even number of carbon atoms and a fatty acyl chain having an even number of carbon atoms. Furthermore, nano-ESI-FTICRMS was applied to the direct identification of oxidized phosphatidylcholine from soybean. The mass peaks of individual molecular species of oxidative phosphatidylcholine, such as 34:3 diacyl phosphatidylcholine with peroxide (+2O) (m/z 788.544) or 34:2 diacyl phosphatidylcholine with peroxide (+2O) (m/z 790.560), can be separated from the peaks of the molecular species of the non-oxidative phospholipids. This suggests that the mass peaks with a difference of less than 0.1 mass units in their molecular weight can be separated and that their individual exact molecular compositions can be obtained by the FTICRMS analysis. The high resolution and high accuracy of FTICRMS are very effective in the analysis of molecular species of phospholipids and their derivatives.
Microbial contamination of nebulizers in the home treatment of cystic fibrosis (2006)

Home nebulizers are frequently contaminated, particularly when cleaning instructions are inadequate, and may be a source of airway infection or reinfection especially following contamination from a patient chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa. Simple oral and written cleaning instructions should be offered.
Characterization of the heterodimeric complex of human IL-2 receptor <i>alpha.beta</i> chains reconstituted in a mouse fibroblast cell line, L929. (1990)

The receptor for IL-2 has been known to exist in three forms on the basis of their affinities to IL-2: high, intermediate, and low affinity forms. Two IL-2R components have been identified as IL-2R alpha (p55, Tac Ag) and IL-2R beta (p70-75) chains, both bind IL-2 with low and intermediate affinities, respectively. Recently, we cloned human IL-2R beta chain cDNA and demonstrated that the cDNA product binds IL-2 with intermediate affinity and forms high affinity IL-2R with coexpressed IL-2R alpha chain in a human T cell line, Jurkat. In this study, we report the establishment of the mouse fibroblast transformants expressing either the IL-2R beta chain alone or both the IL-2R alpha and IL-2R beta chains. In contrast to lymphoid cells, significant IL-2 binding was not detected in the transformants expressing the IL-2R beta chain alone at IL-2 concentrations (50 pM to 10 nM) generally utilized. Nonetheless, the transformants expressing both IL-2R alpha and IL-2R beta chains displayed two forms of the IL-2R with high and low affinities to IL-2. However, neither IL-2 internalization nor signal transduction via the high affinity IL-2R complex were observed in the L929 transformants. Those findings suggest that the interaction of the IL-2R beta chain with the IL-2R alpha chain occurs in the absence of additional lymphoid specific component(s) to form high affinity IL-2R, but that this interaction is insufficient for IL-2 internalization and signal transduction just as observed in lymphoid cells. The experimental approach described here may allow further dissection of the molecular architecture of the IL-2R complex in the ligand binding, internalization, and signal transduction.
Two-Stage Revision of Total Hip Arthroplasty for Infection Is Associated with a High Rate of Dislocation (2019)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Prokaryotic Expression of two Different Structure of Fatty Acid Desaturase from R.communis and C.elegan (2008)

Objective,To research on the structure and function of fatty acid desaturase,soluble fatty acid desaturase from R.communis and C.elegan were expressed in Prokaryotic expression system.Methods:Two target fragments were inserted into plasmid pET32a+and got recombinant plasmids pET32a+-R9,pET32a+-F1,then protein expression were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting.Results:Two recombinant plasmids were successfully constructed and identified by PCR and sequencing;SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting results showed the amount of protein expression between two genes was apparently different.Anthepro result confirmed the difference structure of them.Conclusion:A9 fatty acid desaturase from R.communis and Fat-1 fatty acid desaturase from C.elegan were successfully expressed,but the amount of protein expression of fat-1 gene is low than△9 gene.These results possibly had directly relationship with trans-membrane structure of Fat-1 desaturase.Therefore,these results need further researches on the structure analysis of Fat-1 fatty acid desaturase of C.elegan based on protein purification.
Multiphonon Raman Spectrum of Silicon (1973)

The energy and polarization characteristics of the one- and two-phonon Raman spectrum have been measured using a 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} backscattering technique. The two-phonon spectrum was measured at 20, 80, and 305\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The one-phonon spectrum was measured at 17, 30, 80, and 305 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The one-phonon line of symmetry ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{25}$, was shown to be Lorentzian and to have a deconvoluted half-width at 17 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K of 1.45 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.05 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The two-phonon Raman spectrum was used to determine phonon energies at the four critical points $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, $X$, $L$, and $W$.
Vibration welding of thermoplastics. Part IV: Strengths of poly(butylene terephthalate), polyetherimide, and modified polyphenylene oxide butt welds (1988)

Abstract In vibration welding of thermoplastics, frictional work done by vibrating two parts under pressure, along their common interface, is used to generate heat to effect a weld. The main process parameters are the weld frequency, the amplitude of the vibratory motion, the weld pressure, and the weld time or weld penetration.; The effects of these parameters on weld quality were systematically studied by first butt welding thermoplastic specimens under controlled conditions, over a wide range of process parameters, and by then determining the strengths and ductilities of these welds by tensile tests. The three thermoplastics investigated are poly (butylene terephthalate), polyetherimide, and modified polyphenylene oxide. Changes in the weld pressure are shown to have opposite effects on the strengths of polyetherimide and modified polyphenylene oxide welds; Also, the weld frequency is shown to have a significant effect on the weldability of polyetherimide. The weldability data for these three thermoplastics are compared with data for polycarbonate. Under the right conditions, the strengths of butt welds in these materials are shown to equal the strength of the virgin polymer.
The Development of Cement and Concrete Additive (2007)

The present work attempted to utilize xylose by converting it to an aldonic acid. In the present study, xylose was converted to xylonic acid by using commercial glucose oxidase enzyme, palladium catalysis, and microbial bioconversion. The enzyme conversion was successfully done using a commercial glucose oxidase. The microbial conversion with Gluconobactor oxydans proceeded even with the presence of a large amount of lignosulfonate. Thus obtained xylonic acid products were evaluated as a cement dispersing agent in cement and concrete tests. It was found that xylonic acid is approximately twice as effective as lignosulfonate. Xylonic acid can be effectively utilized in concrete water reducer application.
Protein Stabilization by Urea and Guanidine Hydrochloride (2002)

The urea, guanidine hydrochloride, salt, and temperature dependence of the rate of dissociation of CO from a nonequilibrium state of CO-bound native ferrocytochrome c has been studied at pH 7. The heme iron of ferrocytochrome c in the presence of denaturing concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) and urea prepared in 0.1 M phosphate, pH 7, binds CO. When the unfolded protein solution is diluted 101-fold into CO-free folding buffer, the protein chain refolds completely, leaving the CO molecule bonded to the heme iron. Subsequently, slow thermal dissociation of the CO molecule yields to the heme coordination of the native M80 ligand. Thus, the reaction monitors the rate of thermal conversion of the CO-liganded native ferrocytochrome c to the M80-liganded native protein. The rate of this reaction, k(diss), shows a characteristic dependence on the presence of nondenaturing concentrations of the denaturants in the reaction medium. The rate decreases by approximately 1.9-3-fold as the concentration of GdnHCl in the refolding medium increases from nearly 0 to approximately 2.1 M. Similarly, the rate decreases by 1.8-fold as the urea concentration is raised from 0.l to approximately 5 M. At still higher concentrations of the denaturants the denaturing effect sets in, the protein is destabilized, and hence the CO dissociation rate increases sharply. The activation energy of the reaction, E(a), increases when the denaturant concentration in the reaction medium is raised: from 24.1 to 28.3 kcal mol(-1) for a 0.05-2.1 M rise in GdnHCl and from 25.2 to 26.9 kcal mol(-1) for a 0.1-26.9 M increase in urea. Corresponding to these increases in denaturant concentrations are also increases in the activation entropy, S(diss)/R, where R is the gas constant of the reaction. The denaturant dependence of these kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the CO dissociation reaction suggests that binding interactions with GdnHCl and urea can increase the structural and energetic stability of ferrocytochrome c up to the limit of the subdenaturing concentrations of the additives. NaCl and Na(2)SO(4), which stabilize proteins through their salting-in effect, also decrease the rate with a corresponding increase in activation entropy of CO dissociation from CO-bound native ferrocytochrome c, lending support to the view that low concentrations of GdnHCl and urea stabilize proteins. These results have direct relevance to the understanding and interpretation of the free energy-denaturant relationship and protein folding chevrons.
Immunobiology of mild micronutrient deficiencies (2001)

Nutrition is a critical determinant of the outcome of host microbe interactions through a modulation of the immune response. Besides macronutrient malnutrition, deficiencies of several macronutrients also influence immune homeostasis and thus affect infection-related morbidity and mortality. Deficiencies of micronutrients like vitamin A, iron and zinc are widely prevalent among populations living in developing countries. Besides their severe deficiencies, subclinical deficiencies are known to impair biological functions in the host, immune function being one of them. The effects of these micronutrients on various immune mechanisms are briefly reviewed in this article.
Stress-based necking and failure for incremental sheet forming (2014)

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a flexible process in which sheet metal is formed by a progression of localized deformation. However, the overall mechanics is complicated and special conditions, such as bending under tension, cyclic bending & unbending, and shear deformation occur during the process which contribute to the overall enhancement of formability. The research investigates the deformation mechanisms in ISF with relation to necking and failure. A strain-based forming limit criterion is widely used in sheet-metal forming industry to predict necking. However, this criterion is strictly valid only when the strain path is linear throughout the deformation process. Strain path in ISF is often found to be severely nonlinear throughout the deformation history. Therefore, the practice of using a strain-based forming limit criterion often leads to erroneous assessments of formability and failure prediction. On the other hands, stressbased forming limit is insensitive against any changes in the strain path and hence it is used to model the necking limit which is combined with the fracture limit based on maximum shear stress (MSS) criterion (Stoughton and Yoon, 2011). Simulation model is evaluated for a single point incremental forming using AA 6022-T43, and checked the accuracy against experiments carried out with an ABB robot. The proposed model has given a good scientific basis for the development of ISF and its usability over conventional sheet forming process.
Achromatic three-wave (or more) lateral shearing interferometer (1995)

A new kind of lateral shearing interferometer, called the three-wave lateral shearing interferometer, was previously described [ Appl. Opt.32, 6242 ( 1993)]. As this instrument was monochromatic and its usable light efficiency was poor, the proposed setup was well suited only for a class of wave-front sensing problems, such as optical testing, in which the source can be easily adapted. A new achromatic setup adapted to low light level applications is presented. Three replicas of the analyzed wave front are obtained by Fourier filtering of the orders diffracted by a microlens array. An important feature of these new devices is their great similarity to another class of wave-front sensors based on the Hartmann test.
A fixed-dose combination of furosemide and spironolactone in digitalized congestive heart failure patients. (1986)

Twenty-three optimally digitalized patients with congestive heart failure completed a 4-week treatment period with a fixed-drug association of 20 mg furosemide plus 50 mg spironolactone. Eleven patients responded with a 75% decrease in cardiac failure score on a daily dose of 1 capsule of the combination. The remaining 12 patients were initiated on the same dose, but needed, at the end of the first 14 days, an additional capsule (making a daily total of 40 mg furosemide and 100 mg spironolactone) over the next 2 weeks. On this dose, the patients achieved an average reduction of 52% in their cardiac failure score. There were no treatment failures. Electrolyte abnormalities and side-effects were not observed. The combination product, in a daily dose of 1 or 2 capsules, was found useful and well tolerated in the management of congestive heart failure.
WiSE video: using in-band wireless loss notification to improve rate-controlled video streaming (2005)

Both data and multimedia applications over the Internet are expected to perform some kind of congestion control, typically using packet loss as an indication for congestion. However, when packets are lost due to wireless errors, decreasing the rate unnecessarily harms the application's performance. The paper proposes to use an in-band notification mechanism, called WiSE (wireless signaling via ECN), to distinguish wireless errors from congestion losses and improve the performance of rate-controlled video streamed over wireless links. A WiSE agent on the wireless network identifies wireless errors and piggy-backs this information onto other video packets. The WiSE-aware video source can benefit from this notification (1) by avoiding unnecessary decreases in the sending rate in response to wireless errors, and (2) by accurately adjusting the error resilience for the wireless link. Simulations demonstrate that WiSE provides a significant improvement in video quality over a wide range of conditions.
Detection and reduction of indium segregation during molecular-beam epitaxial growth of InGaAs/GaAs using <i>in situ</i> reflection mass spectrometry (1993)

The use of reflection mass spectrometry (REMS) as an in situ diagnostic for surface segregation of indium during InGaAs layer growth is reported. InGaAs growth at substrate temperatures above 500 °C yields a REMS signature which indicates a thickness-dependent surface In content. Adapting a simple segregation model [K. Muraki, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki, and R. Ito, Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 557 (1992)], the segregation ratio R was extracted under various deposition conditions in real time. The segregation ratio obtained during InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well growth at 500–530 °C suggests the presence of InGaAs composition grading near interfaces, and agrees qualitatively with ex situ characterization by x-ray diffraction. The high values of R (0.7–0.8) observed under normal device-layer growth produces a surface layer with high In content (i.e., InAs). The segregation ratio was not sensitive to unrelaxed layer strain, but showed a large increase under conditions which probably produce island (three-dimensional) growth. Methods for preparation of high-quality InGaAs layers with more abrupt AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs heterointerfaces are discussed, such as use of a two-step growth procedure or the incorporation of thin ‘‘cap layers’’ prior to high temperature AlGaAs growth.
Combining Adaptive Filtering And Complex-Valued Deep Postfiltering For Acoustic Echo Cancellation (2021)

In this contribution, we introduce a novel approach to noise-robust acoustic echo cancellation employing a complex-valued Deep Neural Network (DNN) for postfiltering. In a first step, early linear echo components are removed using a double-talk robust adaptive filter. The residual signal is subsequently processed by the proposed post-filter (PF). Due to its complex-valued nature, the PF allows to sup-press unwanted signal components without introducing distortions to the near-end speaker. For training and evaluation, we exclusively use data from the ICASSP 2021 AEC challenge. Exploiting only a moderate amount of training data, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Specifically, we show that the PF (i) benefits significantly from a preceding linear adaptive filter and (ii) significantly outperforms a conventional real-valued DNN-based PF.
A Comparison of Iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimates of the Parameters of a Mixture of Two Normal Distributions Under Three Different Types of Sample (1973)

David W. Hosmer, Jr., A Comparison of Iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimates of the Parameters of a Mixture of Two Normal Distributions Under Three Different Types of Sample, Biometrics, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), pp. 761-770
Synthesis and Characterization of New Organometallic Benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophene Derivatives with Potential Antitumor Properties (2009)

The incorporation of organometallic moieties into the structure of known active drugs to improve their therapeutic properties has gained considerable interest in recent years. The benzo[b]thiophene derivative raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that has been found to decrease breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women compared to placebo. The current data suggest that, in the postmenopausal setting, raloxifene may have the benefits of the widely used tamoxifen with fewer side effects. As part of a program designed toward the synthesis and biological screening of organometallic benzo[b]thiophene derivatives inspired by the structure of raloxifene, we have prepared a series of 2-benzoyl-3-ferrocenylbenzo[b]thiophenes where the benzoyl substituent contains terminal tertiary alkylamino groups, expected to ensure affinity to the estrogen receptor. The synthetic strategy and full characterization (NMR, MS, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry) of the new ferrocenylbenzo[b]thiophenes is reported herein. Moreover, the new 2-benzoyl-3-ferrocenylbenzo[b]thiophene derivatives were tested for their cytotoxic properties against several human tumor cell lines. All the test compounds showed considerable cytotoxic activity; among these, [3-ferrocenyl-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl][4-(piperazin-1-yl)methylphenyl]methanone (compound 13) is of note, showing IC50 values in the low-micromolar range and more than 1 order of magnitude lower than those of the reference compound, cisplatin. In addition, chemosensitivity tests on resistant phenotypes indicated that compound 13 elicited no cross-resistance with cisplatin, besides not being a potential multidrug-resistant (MDR) substrate. Moreover, caspase-3 activation analyses revealed that 13 induced a caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell-death mechanism. Taken together, these data suggest that the new 2-benzoyl-3-ferrocenylbenzo[b]thiophenes, in particular compound 13, have potentially useful antitumor properties.
A COMPARISON OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS SQ 14 225, SA 446, AND MK 421 (1983)

SUMMARY This study was designed to compare the activity of three structurally different drugs (SQ 14 225, SA 446, and MK 421) as inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme in vivo and to compare their effects in two experimental models of hypertension. 2 MK 421 was less effective than SA 446 or SQ 14 225 in suppressing the pressor responses to intravenous angiotensin I 3 min after the administration of low doses of the converting enzyme inhibitors (CEIs) but more effective than SA 446 or SQ 14 225 30 min or longer after doses of CEIs ranging from 25 to 2500 nmol/kg i.v. 3 The CEIs administered at 8 μmol/kg intravenously blocked the pressor response to angiotensin I (AI) to a similar maximal effect but the time for recovery was much slower for MK 421 than for SQ 14 225 or SA 446. After oral administration (15 mg/kg) prolonged blockade was observed with each of the three drugs although some recovery occurred with SA 446 after 5 h. The effect of a small dose of MK 421 intravenously (0.4 μmol/kg) was more prolonged in anaesthetized than in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 4 Anaesthetized adult SHR showed slow progressive falls of blood pressure after 8 /unol/kg of each drug intravenously although the effect of SA 446 was less than for SQ 14 225 or MK 421 which were equipotent. After acute oral administration of each CEI at 80 μmol/kg, conscious SHR showed significant falls in blood pressure but the effect of SA 446 was less than the other two inhibitors which appeared equipotent. 6 After chronic oral administration of the drugs to conscious SHR, SA 446 (80 μmol/kg per day) did not alter blood pressure although SQ 14 225 was effective at this dose. At a higher dose of 160 /μmol/kg per day SA 446 significantly lowered blood pressure of SHR in a manner similar to the same dose of SQ 14 225 or MK 421. 7. We conclude that the three drugs are potent, orally effective converting enzyme inhibitors. The duration of action was in the order MK 421 >SQ 14 225 >SA 446. MK 421 appears the most potent due to both a higher affinity for converting enzyme in vitro and a longer persistence of action in vivo. In renal hypertension, the drugs appeared equipotent but in the SHR at low doses, SA 446 was ineffective.
Blind system identification using minimum noise subspace (2002)

Developing fast and robust methods for identifying multiple FIR channels driven by an unknown common source is important for wireless communications. In this letter, we present a new method that exploits a minimum noise subspace (MNS). The MNS is computed from a set of channel output pairs which form a "tree". The "tree" exploits with minimum redundancy the diversity among all channels. The MNS method is much more efficient in computation and only slightly less robust to channel noise than the subspace method by Moulines et al. (1995).