gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated Authentication of Current Identity Documents (2004)

Much has been said about the difficulties in screening persons for possible identity fraud or security concerns based upon use of current driver's licenses or passports. The most often reasons given are the lack of standardization of security features and the layout for these documents. This criticism is focused on the inability of even a trained person to recognize valid documents and the specific parameters for each of these documents. In this paper, the focus is on the value of machine screening of the identity documents in circulation. The distinction is between human screening and the power of machine processing. The diversity of the identity documents and the issuer's attempts to exert their own unique identity for their documents is actually a benefit to machine screening. The rich variety of specific layout and production characteristics provide many examination points for evaluation. The processing power, storage capacity, and imaging options, only recently available at a reasonable price point, make real-time examination of all of the unique properties and a subsequent risk analysis of the results a practical approach. One of the most visible changes in society today is the need to present identity documents (ID's) in many more situations. A key objective in improving public security is the interdiction of individuals using counterfeit or stolen ID's to cross borders, use public transportation, open bank accounts, or enter facilities. However, security personnel are presented with an overwhelming number of identity documents and have only seconds to examine them, verify their authenticity, and approve the presenter. New generation reader/authenticator/validator (RAV) technology can assist in the ID screening process for the wide variety of existing identity documents such as passports and drivers licenses. Such devices can read the information on the ID, authenticate the ID, and provide a security risk analysis. Acting as an inspector's automated assistant, their use permits an inspector to focus on evaluating the behavior of the presenter while the reader handles the detailed analysis of the document. A much more thorough ID inspection is possible, checking for many more security features, some of which are not accessible to the inspector without special equipment. More ID presenters can be processed faster with fewer inspectors at lower overall cost and with higher security confidence.
Advances in satellite CDMA transmission for mobile and personal communications (1996)

An ubiquitous network for multimedia personal communications (Personal Communications Network (PCN)) with small, individual low-cost terminals is one of the most ambitious worldwide projects for the 21st century that are being pursued nowadays. In the development of such PCN, Geostationary, Medium, and Low Earth Orbiting (GEO, MEO, LEO) satellite constellations will play a fundamental role to provide worldwide coverage for most services required by the end-user. The characteristics of efficiency and flexibility inherently required by that scenario suggest, amidst other possibilities, to take into special consideration a radio interface based on code division multiple access (CDMA) to ensure, in addition to the features mentioned above, a sufficient grade of power and spectral efficiency of the relevant satellite radio link. The aim of this paper is a review of the current status of those issues in the field of satellite CDMA transmission systems design that, in our opinion, appear fundamental to the successful operation of an efficient PCN. In particular, we survey the techniques for multiplexing, coding and transmission of direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) signals, and we touch upon the techniques for the minimization of the self-noise effect, and the related topics of power-control and multiuser detection. We also shortly address in this respect some technological aspects related to an efficient modem design via digital signal processing techniques. The final part of the paper deals more specifically with some typical issues of satellite transmission, namely the minimization of the detrimental effects of the nonlinear satellite transponder and of multipath propagation; the applicability of diversity reception to a multisatellite network is also addressed as possible means of performance boost.
Solubilization of carotenoids from carrot juice and spinach in lipid phases: II. Modeling the duodenal environment (2003)

Abstract We have been investigating the factors determining the bioavailability of carotenoids from vegetables. The previous paper [Rich, G.T., Bailey, A.L., Faulks, R.M., Parker, M.L., Wickham, M.S.J., and Fillery‐Travis, A. (2003) Solubilization of Carotenoids from Carrot Juice and Spinach in Lipid Phases: I. Modeling the Gastric Lumen, Lipids 38 , 933–945] modeled the gastric lumen and studied the solubilization pathway of carotenes and lutein from carrot juice and homogenized spinach to oil. Using the same vegetable preparations, we have extended our investigations to solubilization pathways potentially available in the duodenum and looked at the ease of solubilization of carotenes and lutein within simplified lipid micellar and oil phases present within the duodenum during digestion. Micellar solubility of raw spinach carotenoids was low and was enhanced by freezing, which involved a blanching step. The efficiency of solubilization of carotenoids in glycodeoxycholate micelles decreased in the order lutein carrot >lutein blanched‐frozen spinach >carotene blanched‐frozen spinach >carotene carrot . Frozen spinach carotenoids were less soluble in simple micelles of taurocholate than of glycodeoxycholate. The results comparing the solubility of the carotenoids in mixed micelles (bile salt with lecithin) with simple bile salt micelles are explained by the relative stability of the carotenoid in the organelle compared to that in the micelle. The latter is largely determined by the polarity of the micelle. Below their critical micelle concentration (CMC), bile salts inhibit transfer of carotenoids from tissue to a lipid oil phase. Above their CMC, the bile salts that solubilize a carotenoid can provide an additional route to the oil from the tissue for that carotenoid by virtue of the equilibrium between micellar phases and the interfacial pathway. Mixed micellar phases inhibit transfer of both carotenoids from the tissue to the oil phase, thereby minimizing this futile pathway.
Dispersion characteristics of channel plasmon polariton waveguides with step-trench-type grooves (2007)

We have studied the dispersion characteristics of single-mode channel plasmon polaritons (CPPs) with step-trench-type groove waveguides. From the numerical simulations using the finite-element method, the modal shapes and the complex propagation constants of the CPPs over a wide spectral range were obtained. It is shown that the dispersion characteristics of the step-trench-type CPP waveguide, which is composed of a step trench with a stacking nature, show an intermediate feature between the narrow and broad trenches. The results show that this configuration allows for a well-confined CPP with a moderate propagation loss at the wavelengths investigated.
Redox mechanism for the chaperone activity of heat shock proteins HSPs 60, 70 and 90 as suggested by hydrophobic cluster analysis: hypothesis. (1994)

We have recently shown that the N-terminal ATPase fragment of hsp70 (1-375, composed of domains I and II) as well as the subsequent domain III (376-520) may share three-dimensional similarities with hsp60. In this study, we propose that domain III, common to the hsp60s and hsp70s is also found in the hsp90s and adopts a beta-alpha-beta Rossmann-folded structure which is encountered in the NAD-binding domain of dehydrogenases. Consequently, with the help of the domain IV (in hsp70s and hsp90s) or of hsp10/GroES (in hsp60s) and possibly that of auxilliary partners, the hsp molecules could act as "unfoldases" or "reset systems" by disrupting secondary structures through redox reactions on the main polypeptidic chain with which they interact. The models built on this hypothesis may open up a new way for understanding the chaperone functions within the folding/unfolding processes.
Measuring wearing times of glasses and ocular patches using a thermosensor device from orthodontics (2013)

The TheraMon(®) microsensor can reliably measure wearing times of glasses and ocular patches without making the wearer uncomfortable, although the data are not unquestionable, especially in higher surrounding temperatures. Further studies on a larger number of individuals with different wearing profiles are needed.
Calcium channels in vitamin B6 deficiency-induced hypertension (1993)

Calcium channel function appears to be related to vitamin B6 status in the rat.
2-Thioether-5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate)-adenosine derivatives: new insulin secretagogues acting through P2Y-receptors. (2000)

P2-receptors (P2-Rs) represent significant targets for novel drug development. P2-Rs were identified also on pancreatic B cells and are involved in insulin secretion. The aim of our study was to synthesize and evaluate pharmacologically the novel P2Y-R ligands, 2-thioether-5'-O-phosphorothioate adenosine derivatives, as potential insulin secretagogues. An efficient synthesis of these nucleosides and a facile method for separation of the chiral products is described. The enzymatic stability of the compounds towards pig-pancreas NTPDase was evaluated. The rate of hydrolysis of 2-hexylthio-5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate)-adenosine (2-hexylthio-ATP-alpha-S) isomers by NTPDase was 28% that of ATP. The apparent affinity of the compounds to P2Y1-R was determined by measurement of P2Y-receptor-promoted phospholipase C activity in turkey erythrocyte membranes. 2-RS-ATP-alpha-S derivatives were agonists, stimulating the production of inositol phosphates with K0.5 values in the nM range. 2-RS-AMP-S derivatives were full agonists although 2 orders of magnitude less potent. All the compounds were more potent than ATP. The effect on insulin secretion and pancreatic flow rate was evaluated on isolated and perfused rat pancreas. A high increase, up to 500%, in glucose-induced insulin secretion was due to addition of 2-hexylthio-ATP-alpha-S in the nM concentration range, which represents 100-fold enhancement of activity relative to ATP. 2-Hexylthio-AMP-S was 2.5 orders of magnitude less effective. A high chemical hydrolytic stability was observed for 2-hexylthio-ATP-alpha-S. Hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond, which was the only detectable degrading reaction under the investigation conditions (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C), was slow, with a half-life of 264 hours. Moreover, even at gastric juice conditions (pH 1.4, 37 degrees C), hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate was the only detectable reaction, with a half-life of 17.5 hours. 2-Hexylthio-ATP-alpha-S isomers are enzymatically and chemically stable. These isomers are highly potent and effective insulin secretagogues, increasing, however, pancreatic vascular resistance.
Preparation of Self‐Assembled Monolayers from Micellar Solutions (1997)

Abstract The self‐assembly of alkanethiols on gold surfaces from micellar aqueous solutions was investigated using Triton X‐100, sodium dodecylsulfate, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as representative nonionic, anionic, and cationic surfactants, respectively. The surfactant solutions solubilized the otherwise water‐insoluble alkanethiols, which self‐assembled on gold to form organized assemblies very similar to those prepared using the conventional procedures, i.e., exposure of the gold surface to a nonaqueous solution of the alkanethiol. The resulting derivatized gold electrodes exhibited typical electrochemical properties, such as low capacitance values and substantial blocking of the voltammetric reduction of Ru(NH 3 ) 6 3+ . The concentration of surfactant was found to have a profound effect on the rate of alkanethiol chemisorption.
CODIT: Code Editing With Tree-Based Neural Models (2020)

The way developers edit day-to-day code tends to be repetitive, often using existing code elements. Many researchers have tried to automate repetitive code changes by learning from specific change templates which are applied to limited scope. The advancement of deep neural networks and the availability of vast open-source evolutionary data opens up the possibility of automatically learning those templates from the wild. However, deep neural network based modeling for code changes and code in general introduces some specific problems that needs specific attention from research community. For instance, compared to natural language, source code vocabulary can be significantly larger. Further, good changes in code do not break its syntactic structure. Thus, deploying state-of-the-art neural network models without adapting the methods to the source code domain yields sub-optimal results. To this end, we propose a novel tree-based neural network system to model source code changes and learn code change patterns from the wild. Specifically, we propose a tree-based neural machine translation model to learn the probability distribution of changes in code. We realize our model with a change suggestion engine, <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Codit</small> , and train the model with more than 24k real-world changes and evaluate it on 5k patches. Our evaluation shows the effectiveness of <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Codit</small> in learning and suggesting patches. <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Codit</small> can also learn specific bug fix pattern from bug fixing patches and can fix 25 bugs out of 80 bugs in Defects4J.
THE CARTOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL OF TELIDON (1982)

Telidon is an advanced videotext developed by the Department of Communications and first released in 1978. This paper discusses the potential of Telidon as a means of displaying maps. Initial research with maps on Telidon has shown that there are two main problems: input to the system and design for the new medium. The paper discusses both issues. Map design research must concentrate on responding to the challenge of 1. effective cartographic communication and 2. design for television utilizing the alphageometric properties of Telidon. Research completed so far clearly demonstrates that although we can interface computer mapping programs with Telidon, it is not satisfactory to display existing digital maps without modification and, in some cases, total re-design. A number of specific sub-problems such as colour, text, animation and sequencing are discussed. Telidon can be an important means of delivering geographic information in map form directly to Canadian homes.
A New Synthesis of 6-Thioctic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic Acid) (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Synthesis of 6-Thioctic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic Acid)Augusto Segre, René Viterbo, and Giovanni ParisiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 13, 3503–3505Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01570a054RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (418 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Modeling of the Permeation of Copper through Liquid Surfactant Membranes (1983)

Abstract A general permeation model for the extraction of copper by liquid surfactant membranes using a chelating agent as a carrier is presented in which the internal mass transfer in the W/O emulsion drop, the external mass transfer around the drop, the rates of the formation and decomposition of the complex at the aqueous-organic interface, and the leakage of the internal aqueous phase to the external phase due to the membrane breakup are taken into account. The batch extraction of copper using SME529 as a carrier was carried out under various experimental conditions. It is shown that the extraction rates can be satisfactorily simulated by the present model.
Pulsed laser deposition of liquid crystals (1997)

Thin films of 4-cyano-4’-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) liquid crystal have been fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. The suitability of different lasers (ArF, KrF and CO2) has been investigated over a range of fluence using visible-UV and infrared absorption and optical microscopy to characterise the films. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS) were used to assess the extent of decomposition of the films. The results suggest that the CO2 laser acts as a quasi-steady heat source, while for ArF laser irradiation severe photodecomposition is observed. However, use of the KrF laser allows the production of excellent quality submicron films, showing properties similar to the 5CB target with only slight photodecomposition.
Reaction of alkoxysilane coupling agents with dehydroxylated silica surfaces (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of alkoxysilane coupling agents with dehydroxylated silica surfacesLawrence H. Dubois and Bernard R. ZegarskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 3, 1190–1191Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00056a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00056a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views424Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Decreased Affinity of Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (rhTRAIL) D269H/E195R to Osteoprotegerin (OPG) Overcomes TRAIL Resistance Mediated by the Bone Microenvironment (2013)

The bone marrow microenvironment provides important signals for the survival and proliferation of hematopoietic and malignant cells. In multiple myeloma, plasma cells are surrounded by stromal cells including osteoblasts. These stromal cells protect multiple myeloma cells from apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble receptor of the cytokine TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), is secreted by osteoblasts and has been implicated in the prevention of cell death induced by TRAIL in malignant cells. Previously, we have designed death receptor-specific TRAIL variants that induce apoptosis exclusively via one of its death receptors. Here, we have studied in detail the interaction between recombinant human (rhTRAIL) variants and OPG. We show that a DR5-specific variant (rhTRAIL D269H/E195R) displays a significantly decreased affinity to OPG. Furthermore, this rhTRAIL variant shows a much higher activity when compared with rhTRAIL WT and retains its effectiveness in inducing cell death in multiple myeloma cell lines, in the presence of OPG secreted by stromal cells. We also demonstrate that stromal cells are largely insensitive to high concentrations of this rhTRAIL variant. In conclusion, rhTRAIL D269H/E195R is a potential therapy for multiple myeloma due to its high effectiveness and diminished binding to OPG.
Dynamic cell association for downlink sum rate maximization in multi-cell heterogeneous networks (2012)

In this work, we consider a heterogeneous network consisting in several macro nodes and pico nodes. Our goal is to associate users, belonging to this network, to one of the nodes, while maximizing the sum rate of all users. We also want to analyze the load balancing achieved by this association. Therefore, we develop a new theoretical framework to study cell association for the downlink of multi-cell networks and derive an upper bound on the achievable sum rate. We propose a dynamic cell association heuristic, which achieves performance close to optimal. Finally, we verify our results through numerical evaluations and implement the proposed heuristic in an LTE simulator to demonstrate its viability.
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Blends of Polybutadiene, Polyisoprene, and Corresponding Diblock Copolymers (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous and Heterogeneous Blends of Polybutadiene, Polyisoprene, and Corresponding Diblock CopolymersR. E. Cohen and A. R. RamosCite this: Macromolecules 1979, 12, 1, 131–134Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60067a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60067a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytokine production by peripheral lymphocytes in melanoma. (2005)

Our data support the notion that the pattern of cytokines produced by lymphocytes from melanoma patients may help to explain the impairment in their T cell immune response. More extensive studies regarding the pattern of cytokines, not only in peripheral blood, but also in tumour tissue and sentinel lymph nodes, are needed to confirm these data.