gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel allele-specific, post-translational reduction in HLA class I surface expression in a mutant human B cell line. (1994)

Human B cell line .220 has a novel defect in HLA class I cell surface expression. Mutant .220 was derived from .184TGr, from which both copies of HLA-A and -B are deleted, and has less surface HLA-C than .184TGr. Transfer of class I genes into .220 revealed allele-specific reductions in surface expression: HLA-A1 and -B8 were 1 to 21% of normal; HLA-A11, -A24, and -B5 were moderately reduced; and HLA-A2, -A3, and -B7 were reduced little, if at all. Class I mRNA in .220(A1) and .220(B8) transferents is normal in size and at least normal in quantity. Surface expression of class I molecules was restored by fusing .220 transferents with mutant .174, which lacks the TAP-1 and -2 genes needed for transport of class I-binding peptides. Fusion of .220(A1) cells with beta 2-microglobulin-deficient Daudi cells also fully restored surface expression of class I molecules encoded by both parental cells, indicating beta 2-microglobulin is functional in .220. Pulse-chase experiments showed transgene-encoded HLA-A1 and -B8 alpha-chains are made in apparently normal amounts and associate with beta 2-microglobulin in .220. However, post-translational processing of the HLA-A1 and -B8 molecules is retarded in or before the Golgi apparatus, and immunoprecipitable HLA-A1 molecules disappear after their synthesis. The effects of these abnormalities on surface expression of class I molecules were reversed by incubating .220(A1) and .220(B8) cells at 21 degrees C, which greatly increased the amounts of cell surface HLA-A1 and -B8.
Screening and production of rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 NCIB 40044 from waste frying oils (2000)

World production of oils and fats is about 2.5 million tonnes, 75% of which are derived from plants. Most of them are used in the food industry for the manufacture of different products, or directly as salad oil. Great quantities of waste are generated by the oil and fat industries: residual oils, tallow, marine oils, soap stock, frying oils. It is well known that the disposal of wastes is a growing problem and new alternatives for the use of fatty wastes should be studied. Used frying oils, due to their composition, have great potential for microbial growth and transformation. The use of economic substrates such as hydrophobic wastes meets one of the requirements for a competitive process for biosurfactant production. In the Mediterranean countries, the most used vegetable oils are sunflower and olive oil. Here we present a screening process is described for the selection of micro-organism strains with the capacity to grow on these frying oils and accumulate surface-active compounds in the culture media. From the 36 strains screened, nine Pseudomonas strains decreased the surface tension of the medium to 34-36 mN/M; the emulsions with kerosene remained stable for three months. Two Bacillus strains accumulated lipopeptide and decreased the surface tension to 32-34 mN/m. Strain Ps. aeruginosa 47T2 was selected for further studies. The effect of nitrogen and a C/N of 8. 0 gave a final production of rhamnolipid of 2.7 g l-1 as rhamnose, and a production yield of 0.34 g g-1.
Friction Welding- A Review (2016)

Conjoining of divergent materials is one of the most indispensable need of industries. There are many conventional welding techniques that have been developed to obtain suitable joints in various applications. Conventional fusion welding techniques of many such dissimilar metal combinations is not expedient due to the accumulation of brittle and low melting intermetallics due to large differences in melting points, difference in metallurgical properties and thermal mismatch. However, friction welding is a joining process that allows more materials and material combinations to be joined than with any other welding process. Friction welding is a solid state joining process which is extensively used due to its advantages such as low heat input, ability to join dissimilar materials and environment friendliness. Friction welding can be used to join different kinds of materials which cannot be welded by conventional fusion welding processes.
Appendix A (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVChapterNEXTAppendix AGeneric Group NamesDOI: 10.1021/ba-1974-0126.ch041Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online22 July 2009Published inprint 1 June 1974RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSNomenclature of Organic CompoundsChapter 41pp 311-312Advances in ChemistryVol. 126ISBN13: 9780841201910eISBN: 9780841223073 Copyright © 1973 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYChapter Views90Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (93 KB) Get e-Alerts
Mammalian brain-specific L-proline transporter. Neuronal localization of mRNA and enrichment of transporter protein in synaptic plasma membranes. (1995)

The expression of a high affinity Na(+)- (and Cl-) dependent L-proline transporter (PROT) in subpopulations of putative glutamatergic pathways in rat brain raises the possibility of a specific physiological role(s) for this carrier in excitatory neurotransmission (Fremeau, R. T., Jr., Caron, M. G., and Blakely, R. D. (1992) Neuron 8, 915-926). However, the biochemical properties and regional, cellular, and subcellular distribution of the PROT protein have yet to be elucidated. Here, we document the brain-specific expression and neuronal localization of rat PROT mRNA. We also report the first identification and partial biochemical characterization of the mammalian brain PROT protein. An affinity-purified antipeptide antibody was produced that specifically recognized a single 68-kDa PROT protein on immunoblots of rat and human brain tissues. Deglycosylation of rat hippocampal membranes with peptide-N-glycosidase F reduced the apparent molecular mass of the native PROT protein from 68 to 53 kDa, the size of the primary PROT translation product determined by in vitro translation of the rat PROT cDNA in the absence of microsomes. Subcellular fractionation studies demonstrated that the PROT protein was enriched in synaptic plasma membranes but absent from postsynaptic densities. A differential distribution of PROT mRNA and protein was observed in rat striatum, suggesting that the transporter protein is synthesized in neuronal cell bodies in the cortex and exported to axon terminals in the caudate putamen. These findings warrant the consideration of a novel presynaptic regulatory role for this transporter in excitatory synaptic transmission.
A call admission control scheme in ATM networks (2002)

In an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) network, call admission control decides whether or not to accept a new call, so as to ensure the service quality of both individual existing calls and of the new call itself. The measure of service quality used for the call admission control considered here is virtual cell loss probability, PV. PV may be formulated simply from the maximum and the average cell rates alone, and it provides a good estimate of cell loss probability without respect to the burst lengths. PV computational complexity increases rapidly with an increase either in the number of call types, K, or in the number of existing calls of individual call types; and for this reason, the author proposes a method for calculating a PV approximation on the upper side, with the aim of achieving real-time call admission control. Its complexity of computation is a linear order of K. Also proposed is a call admission algorithm which utilizes this approximation method and for which, in some cases, the computational complexity is independent of K.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stent-in-Stent Technique for Removal of Embedded Esophageal Self-Expanding Metal Stents (2010)

The stent-in-stent technique is safe and effective for the removal of partially covered SEMSs that are embedded in the esophageal wall.
Large-Scale Fabrication of Flexible Silver/Cross-Linked Poly(vinyl alcohol) Coaxial Nanocables by a Facile Solution Approach (2005)

A new method to prepare flexible Ag/cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocables has been discovered for the first time by one-step in situ reduction of Ag+ and Ag+-catalyzed cross-linking of PVA chains under hydrothermal conditions.
Impact of Mobility on Last Encounter Routing Protocols (2007)

In this study, we analyze last encounter based routing protocol (eg., FResher Encounter SearcH, or FRESH) that utilizes encounter history to create time (or age) gradients for information diffusion in wireless networks. FRESH protocols can be used for resource discovery, routing or node location, and hold great promise for future wireless networks. We provide the first study on sensitivity of this class of protocols to a rich set of mobility models (manhattan, group, random walk and random waypoint models). We find that FRESH is sensitive to the mobility pattern. However, somewhat to our surprise, FRESH's performance after warm-up is insensitive to velocity for all the mobility models examined. To expose the fundamental reason behind these observations, we develop analytical models to analyze FRESH's performance and validate these models via extensive simulations. Finally, our analysis concludes that the characteristics of the age gradient tree is the key factor to explain this interplay between mobility and the performance of FRESH protocols.
A single-step, PCR-based method for the detection and differentiation of<i>Plasmodium vivax</i>and<i>P. falciparum</i> (2003)

The ability to detect and differentiate between Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax is of great importance for the routine laboratory diagnosis of malaria, donor-blood screening and epidemiological studies. Most PCR-based methods for the discrimination of these two species require nested protocols or an additional hybridization reaction, leading to high labour costs and long turn-around times. A simple, time-effective and yet sensitive and specific technique, based on a multiplex PCR, has now been developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of P. falciparum and P. vivax in blood samples. Compared with the 'gold standard' of microscopy, this method had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, with a detection limit of just one P. falciparum or three P. vivax parasites/microl blood.
Molecular Self-Assembly at Bare Semiconductor Surfaces: Characterization of a Homologous Series of <i>n</i>-Alkanethiolate Monolayers on GaAs(001) (2007)

Structural trends for a homologous series of n-alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), C(n)H(2n+1)S- with 12 < or = n < or = 19, on GaAs(001), studied by a combination of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, along with ancillary probes, show an overall decay in organization with decreasing n, with the largest changes occurring below n = 15-16. The long-chain monolayers form a mosaic structure with < or =10 nm domains of molecules organized in an incommensurate pseudo-hcp arrangement with nearest neighbor distances of 4.70 and 5.02 A, a 21.2 A(2) area per chain, two chains per subcell in a herringbone packing with a chain tilt angle of 14 degrees , and preferential domain alignment along the substrate [110]([110]) step edge direction. In contrast, for n < 14 no evidence of translational ordering is seen and the alkyl chains exhibit a loss of conformational ordering and coverage relative to the n > 16 cases. A 4'-methyl-biphenyl-4-thiolate companion SAM shows evidence for ordered structures but with lattice parameters close to those expected for a structure commensurate with the intrinsic GaAs(001) square lattice. These trends are explained on the basis of competitions between lattice, interfacial, and intermolecular forces controlling the nanoscale structures of the SAMs. Overall these results provide an important aspect of understanding the effects of SAM formation on surface properties such as electronic and chemical passivation.
Bidirectional gene transfer between Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans (1994)

A genomic DNA library was constructed from a pathogenic strain of Aspergillus fumigatus using the cosmid vector pCosAX. Cosmid clones with homologies to the rodA, brlA, fluG, flbA or trpC genes from A. nidulans were isolated from the library. Each A. fumigatus clone was used to complement strain of A. nidulans with a mutation in the homologous gene. A spontaneous white spored strain of A. fumigatus was isolated. The mutation was complemented by transforming the strain with a plasmid containing the wA gene from A. nidulans. The results from these experiments indicate a significant degree of structural and functional homology between genes from the organisms. These findings indicate the potential to exploit the methods and information available from A. nidulans to address questions related to human disease caused by A. fumigatus and the ability to use A. nidulans as a surrogate genetic host for characterizing A. fumigatus gene function.
Curl-free vector potential observed at the macroscale (2012)

There are observations of a curl-free vector potential on the macroscale, which are physically discussed and critically evaluated here.
Tag-aware ordinal sparse factor analysis for learning and content analytics (2013)

Machine learning offers novel ways and means to design personalized learning systems wherein each student’s edu-cational experience is customized in real time depending on their background, learning goals, and performance to date. SPARse Factor Analysis (SPARFA) is a novel framework for machine learning-based learning analytics, which esti-mates a learner’s knowledge of the concepts underlying a domain, and content analytics, which estimates the rela-tionships among a collection of questions and those con-cepts. SPARFA jointly learns the associations among the questions and the concepts, learner concept knowledge pro-files, and the underlying question difficulties, solely based on the correct/incorrect graded responses of a population of learners to a collection of questions. In this paper, we extend the SPARFA framework significantly to enable: (i) the analysis of graded responses on an ordinal scale (partial credit) rather than a binary scale (correct/incorrect); (ii) the exploitation of tags/labels for questions that partially describe the question–concept associations. The resulting Ordinal SPARFA-Tag framework greatly enhances the in-terpretability of the estimated concepts. We demonstrate using real educational data that Ordinal SPARFA-Tag out-performs both SPARFA and existing collaborative filtering techniques in predicting missing learner responses.
Wnt5a attenuates the pathogenic effects of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human retinal pigment epithelial cells via down-regulating β-catenin and Snail (2015)

Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a pathogenic role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and is thus a potential target for the development of therapeutics for this disease. Here, we demonstrated that Wnt5a antagonized β-catenin response transcription (CRT) induced with Wnt3a by promoting β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser33/Ser37/Thr41 and its subsequent degradation in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Wnt5a decreased the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which was up-regulated by Wnt3a. Furthermore, Wnt5a increased E-cadherin expression and decreased cell migration by down-regulating Snail expression, thereby abrogating the Wnt3a-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human RPE cells. Our findings suggest that Wnt5a suppresses the pathogenic effects of canonical Wnt signaling in human RPE cells by promoting β-catenin phosphorylation and degradation. Therefore, Wnt5a has significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of AMD.
Comparison of Bee Chronic Paralysis Virus with Mouse Lactic Dehydrogenase Virus (1969)

Bee chronic paralysis virus (cryptogram R/1:*/*:X/X:I/O.) is common in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) throughout the world (Bailey, 1967). Its ellipsoidal particles contain ribonucleic acid and are of three sizes; 22 nm. wide and about 41, 54 and 64 nm. long, and have sedimentation coefficients (S 20, w) of 97S, 110S and 125S respectively (Bailey, Gibbs & Woods, 1968). The particles of bee chronic paralysis virus (CBPV) seem unlike those of any other described virus, except perhaps mouse lactic dehydrogenase virus ((R)/*:*/*:X/*:V/O), (Notkins, 1965). The particles of lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDHV) may contain RNA, and are elliptical in outline, 36 to 42 × 45 to 75 nm. when sectioned but 60 to 65 × 70 to 85 nm. in suspension (De The & Notkins, 1965). In this note some properties of the particles of LDHV are compared with those previously reported for CBPV.
Influenza A Virus Neuraminidase Limits Viral Superinfection (2008)

Enveloped viruses use multiple mechanisms to inhibit infection of a target cell by more than one virion. These mechanisms may be of particular importance for the evolution of segmented viruses, because superinfection exclusion may limit the frequency of reassortment of viral genes. Here, we show that cellular expression of influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA), but not hemagglutinin (HA) or the M2 proton pump, inhibits entry of HA-pseudotyped retroviruses. Cells infected with H1N1 or H3N2 influenza A virus were similarly refractory to HA-mediated infection and to superinfection with a second influenza A virus. Both HA-mediated entry and viral superinfection were rescued by the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir carboxylate and zanamivir. These inhibitors also prevented the removal of alpha-2,3- and alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid observed in cells expressing NA or infected with influenza A viruses. Our data indicate that NA alone among viral proteins limits influenza A virus superinfection.
An Analysis of Factors Affecting on Online Shopping Behavior of Consumers (2012)

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors affecting on online shopping behavior of consumers that might be one of the most important issues of e-commerce and marketing field. However, there is very limited knowledge about online consumer behavior because it is a complicated socio-technical phenomenon and involves too many factors. One of the objectives of this study is covering the shortcomings of previous studies that didn't examine main factors that influence on online shopping behavior. This goal has been followed by using a model examining the impact of perceived risks, infrastructural variables and return policy on attitude toward online shopping behavior and subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, domain specific innovativeness and attitude on online shopping behavior as the hypotheses of study. To investigate these hypotheses 200 questionnaires dispersed among online stores of Iran. Respondents to the questionnaire were consumers of online stores in Iran which randomly selected. Finally regression analysis was used on data in order to test hypothesizes of study. This study can be considered as an applied research from purpose perspective and descriptive-survey with regard to the nature and method (type of correlation).The study identified that financial risks and non-delivery risk negatively affected attitude toward online shopping. Results also indicated that domain specific innovativeness and subjective norms positively affect online shopping behavior. Furthermore, attitude toward online shopping positively affected online shopping behavior of consumers.
Quality-on-Demand Compression of EEG Signals for Telemedicine Applications Using Neural Network Predictors (2011)

A telemedicine system using communication and information technology to deliver medical signals such as ECG, EEG for long distance medical services has become reality. In either the urgent treatment or ordinary healthcare, it is necessary to compress these signals for the efficient use of bandwidth. This paper discusses a quality on demand compression of EEG signals using neural network predictors for telemedicine applications. The objective is to obtain a greater compression gains at a low bit rate while preserving the clinical information content. A two-stage compression scheme with a predictor and an entropy encoder is used. The residue signals obtained after prediction is first thresholded using various levels of thresholds and are further quantized and then encoded using an arithmetic encoder. Three neural network models, single-layer and multi-layer perceptrons and Elman network are used and the results are compared with linear predictors such as FIR filters and AR modeling. The fidelity of the reconstructed EEG signal is assessed quantitatively using parameters such as PRD, SNR, cross correlation and power spectral density. It is found from the results that the quality of the reconstructed signal is preserved at a low PRD thereby yielding better compression results compared to results obtained using lossless scheme.
Canny edge-based deformable image registration (2017)

This work focuses on developing a 2D Canny edge-based deformable image registration (Canny DIR) algorithm to register in vivo white light images taken at various time points. This method uses a sparse interpolation deformation algorithm to sparsely register regions of the image with strong edge information. A stability criterion is enforced which removes regions of edges that do not deform in a smooth uniform manner. Using a synthetic mouse surface ground truth model, the accuracy of the Canny DIR algorithm was evaluated under axial rotation in the presence of deformation. The accuracy was also tested using fluorescent dye injections, which were then used for gamma analysis to establish a second ground truth. The results indicate that the Canny DIR algorithm performs better than rigid registration, intensity corrected Demons, and distinctive features for all evaluation matrices and ground truth scenarios. In conclusion Canny DIR performs well in the presence of the unique lighting and shading variations associated with white-light-based image registration.