gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective tone reservation for PAPR reduction in wireless communication systems (2017)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique, which is widely used in 4G and considered in 5G wireless communication system these days. It is a form of multi-carrier modulation technique. One major disadvantage of OFDM is that the time domain OFDM signal leads to a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper we propose a new selective tone reservation (STR) algorithm for reducing the PAPR in downlink channel of base station. We simulate the STR for different application scenarios with consideration of 4G/5G requirements. Simulation results show the STR has a PAPR reduction performance much better compared with all traditional methods in that it doesn't require any side information and has no effect on the performance of high order modulation users. Proposed method is fast and has an ultra-low latency compared with well-known iterative methods of tone reservation and constellation extension. Its performance is higher compared with a common clipping and filtering due to employing a constellation recognition technique for blind detection of the modulation order. STR fully fits in 4G/5G standard requirements and its complexity doesn't require a huge computational resources.
Investigating Different Approaches of Deblending Seismic Data (2012)

Shooting in an overlapping fashion is called blended or simultaneous acquisition. This can make acquisition efficient and economical. However, deblending (i.e. the process of separating the blended data) of data can be challenging.\nBlended seismic data can be acquired in a number of different configurations. Examples are a shooting vessel follows the tail buoy of a conventional streamer vessel or a shooting vessel and conventional vessel are parallel. One can also vary the signal strengths and frequency bands of the sources for the two vessels. In this way both shallow and deep resolution can be improved as low frequency waves penetrate deep as compared to high frequency waves.\nIn this thesis I have tried various conventional seismic processing techniques (like tau-p transformation, FK filtering, SVDMUL, Time-frequency Denoising, and FX prediction) to deblend or separate the blended data. I used several datasets (one real and 2 synthetic), with different geometries, but all the datasets have same acquisition design in which one vessel is in front of the streamer and the other is behind the streamer cable.\nI tried to separate or deblend the data either on the bases of their dips, or alternatively by transforming the deblending task into that of denoising. Events related to the shooting vessel appear as random noise in Common depth (CDP), common receiver (CR) and Common offset domain (CO). SVDMUL and TFDN methods are then applied in the CO and CDP domains respectively.\nI found that the best deblending results were obtained using SVDMUL (Singular-value decomposition approach) for all data sets. SVDMUL is used iteratively and the deblended result is gradually built up. This method performed superior compared with deblending based on TFDN, FK or tau-p coherency filtering. The tau-p transformation based method showed significant problems in areas of strong or conflicting dips. The efficiency of TFDN and SVDMUL methods are based on the time jitter between the shots from to the conventional vessel and shooting vessel. If too small the techniques from worse.
Photochromic Nucleobase: Reversible Photoisomerization, Photochemical Properties and Photoregulation of hybridization (2008)

We have developed a set of photochromic nucleobases (PCNs), which reversibly change the photochemical and physical properties such as fluorescence intensity upon cis-trans photoisomerization by the external light stimuli. PCNs showed very rapid and efficient reversible photoisomerization by illumination at specific wavelength. In addition, photoisomerization can be iteratively performed by alternate illumination with 250 approximately 350 nm and 350 approximately 500 nm light without any side reactions. We demonstrated a new type of the photoregulation of hybridization using this switching property.
Sodium‐calcium exchange in cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. (1991)

1. Intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) was measured in cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers loaded with the fluorescent calcium indicator Fura-2. 2. Resting [Ca2+]i was 112 +/- 10 nM. Application of ouabain (20 microM) was without effect on [Ca2+]i for periods of up to 1 h. Monensin (10 microM) resting [Ca2+]i to 145 +/- 32 nM over approximately 2 min. In the presence of ouabain (20 microM), 10 microM-monensin increased [Ca2+]i to 146 +/- 15 nM. 3. Removal of extracellular sodium was without effect in resting cells or cells exposed to ouabain alone. However, in the presence of monensin, replacement of extracellular Na+ with Li+ resulted in a prompt increase in [Ca2+]i to a peak of 280 +/- 37 nM, which then returned towards resting levels. When Na+ was removed in the presence of both ouabain and monensin, [Ca2+]i reached a peak of 585 +/- 53 nM. 4. When extracellular Na+ was replaced with K+, to achieve simultaneous Na+ removal and depolarization, [Ca2+]i reached a peak of 568 +/- 63 nM, compared with a peak of 462 +/- 38 nM when Li+ was used as a Na+ substitute in paired experiments. The transient increase in [Ca2+]i evoked by sodium removal peaked earlier when K+ was used as the sodium substitute, showing that depolarization increased the rate of calcium influx into the cell when sodium was removed from the bathing medium. 5. Removal of extracellular K+ had no effect on the low-Na(+)-evoked increase in [Ca2+]i. 6. Returning extracellular Na+ during the increase in [Ca2+]i resulting from Na+ removal increased the rate of return of [Ca2+]i towards basal levels. In the absence of Na+, [Ca2+]i took 41 +/- 5 s to decline from 400 to 200 nM, and this was reduced to 26 +/- 6 s (n = 4, S.E.M.) when Na+ was returned to the bathing solution. 7. These results indicate endothelial cells possess a voltage-dependent Na(+) -Ca2+ exchange mechanism in the surface membrane. However, this mechanism does not appear to be of primary importance in the maintenance of resting [Ca2+]i since cells were able to restore a low [Ca2+]i in the absence of extracellular Na+. The evidence for the existence of a Na(+) -Ca2+ exchanger in the surface membrane of endothelial cells and the possibility that this mechanism may contribute to calcium entry and/or extrusion during agonist-evoked responses is discussed.
Across the Wall: A Tale of the Abhorsen and Other Stories (review) (2005)

Reviewed by: Remember World War II: Kids Who Survived Tell Their Stories Hope Morrison Nicholson, Dorinda Makanaõnalani Remember World War II: Kids Who Survived Tell Their Stories. National Geographic, 200561p illus. with photographs Library ed. ISBN 0-7922-7191-2$27.90 Trade ed. ISBN 0-7922-7179-3$17.95 R Gr. 5-9 This collection of twelve previously published short stories and one novella offers readers the chance to revisit two favorite characters (the Abhorsen trilogy's Nicholas Sayre and Lirael, who appear in the novella) and take brief dips into some other worlds. From the piteous despair of children left to fend for themselves in a war-torn country in "Charlie Rabbit" to the gruesome urban twist on "Hansel and Gretel" (sucked in by magical video games, Hansel is to be harvested bit by bit for rich transplant-organ seekers) in "Hansel's Eyes," desperation and fear permeate Nix's work. "Nicholas Sayre and the Creature in the Case," the novella that constitutes the bulk of the book, adds some humorous touches in the style of Wodehouse and Sayers (acknowledged in the author's prefatory comments), and a farcical choose-your-own-adventure piece, "Down to the Scum Quarter," and a spoof of modern fantasy novels, "My New Really Epic Fantasy Series," further lighten the mood. The bittersweet "Three Roses," in which a widower and a king both lay claim to roses planted to honor the dead, and the placid yet troubling "Endings," in which an ancient monster gratefully receives a death blow, finish the collection. Though the tales were first published in fantasy and science-fiction magazines over the span of a decade and more, Nix's consistency in creating piquant, memorable settings and hard-edged yet sympathetic characters is evident throughout. Fervent fans who have read all the stories gathered here will still want to peruse the extensive (and engaging) authorial notes relating to the collection as a whole and stories individually. Copyright © 2005 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
Multispectral imaging of organ viability during uterine transplantation surgery (2014)

Uterine transplantation surgery has been proposed as a treatment for permanent absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI) in the case of loss of the uterus. Due to the complexity of the vasculature correct reanastomosis of the blood supply during transplantation surgery is a crucial step to ensure reperfusion and viability of the organ. While techniques such as fluorescent dye imaging have been proposed to visualise perfusion there is no gold standard for intraoperative visualisation of tissue oxygenation. In this paper results from a liquid crystal tuneable filter (LCTF)-based multispectral imaging (MSI) laparoscope are described. The system was used to monitor uterine oxygen saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub>) before and after transplantation. Results from surgeries on two animal models (rabbits and sheep) are presented. A feature-based registration algorithm was used to correct for misalignment induced by breathing or peristalsis in the tissues of interest prior to analysis. An absorption spectrum was calculated at each spatial pixel location using reflectance data from a reference standard, and the relative contributions from oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin were calculated using a least squares regression algorithm with non-negativity constraints. Results acquired during animal surgeries show that cornual oxygenation changes are consistent with those observed in point measurements taken using a pulse oximeter, showing reduced SaO<sub>2</sub> following reanastomosis. Values obtained using the MSI laparoscope were lower than those taken with the pulse oximeter, which may be due to the latter’s use of the pulsatile arterial blood signal. Future work incorporating immunological test results will help to correlate SaO<sub>2</sub> levels with surgical outcomes.
Macrocyclization under Kinetic Control. A Theoretical Study and Its Application to the Synthesis of Macrocyclic Poly(thiolactones) (1994)

A kinetic model for macrocyclization reactions of bifunctional chains undergoing simple and double ring closure reactions has been proposed. Numerical integration of the proper set of differential rate equations allows yields and distributions of cyclic oligomers to be calculated as a function of initial concentrations of reactants and effective molarities (EM(i)) of the rings being formed. In terms of computer time the present model is less demanding than analogous models previously published, in that a high degree of accuracy is obtained without taking into account explicitly linear oligomers with high polymerization degree. The model has been successfully applied to the synthesis of macrocyclic poly(thiolactones) via irreversible reaction of 2,2-dibutyl-1,2,3-dithiastannolane with glutaryl and pimeloyl chlorides. The best fits of the experimental oligomer distributions to the general equations gave the effective molarities from monomer to tetramer in both series.
Prosthetic weight acceptance mechanics in transtibial amputees wearing the Single Axis, Seattle Lite, and Flex Foot (1997)

Loading response challenges the limb with the dual demands of accepting rapidly moving body weight to both absorb the shock of floor contact and create a stable limb over which the body can advance. Delay in achieving foot flat contact with the floor causes a prolonged period of heel only support and results in an unstable base of support for those persons with transtibial amputations. The purpose of this study was to identify mechanical causes of instability during weight acceptance with three different prosthetic foot designs, Single Axis, Seattle Lightfoot, and Flex Foot. Ten male individuals with transtibial amputations were tested on three separate occasions wearing each prosthetic foot. A comparison group of ten individuals without transtibial amputations was also examined. Mean free walking speed was significantly slower for those with transtibial amputations regardless of the prosthetic foot worn (p < 0.05). Contralateral toe off times were significantly later for each prosthetic foot (p < 0.01). The timing of peak knee flexion was found to be significantly later than normal for each prosthetic foot (p < 0.01). To minimize the impact of initial floor contact, persons with an intact limb used rapid plantar flexion, followed by a slower lowering of the foot to the floor. Dorsiflexion then stimulated knee flexion and foot flat. Two altered functions were found for all three prosthetic feet, reduced knee flexion and prolonged heel only support. Diminished knee flexion reflected delayed dorsiflexion and tibial advancement as a result of the cushioned heel. Lateness in reaching foot flat was also found. To improve the walking abilities of those persons with transtibial amputations, prosthetic foot designs need to incorporate mechanisms which promote early foot flat while preserving limb stability.
Determination of the meter of musical scores by autocorrelation (1993)

A single voice extracted from the scores of compositions from the Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Contemporary periods has been studied in order to determine the feasibility of the determination of musical meter by computer. The method of autocorrelation is appropriate for this calculation since it is a measure of the frequency of occurrence of events following an event at time zero. If a greater frequency of events occurs on the downbeat of a measure as predicted by Palmer and Krumhansl [‘‘Mental Representations for Musical Meter,’’ J. Exp. Psychol.: Hum. Percept. Perform. 16, 728–741 (1990)], then a peak in the autocorrelation function should indicate the time for a single measure. The results of these computations indicate that computer determination of meter from score events is indeed possible. An example is included to show that this method of analysis can be applied to live performance data as well.
Motion planning for the discretely actuated steerable cannula (2012)

Discretely actuated steerable cannula is a multi-degree-of-freedom probe that could potentially be used to deliver therapeutic and diagnostic tools to the appropriate location through its hollow inner core. The cannula is composed of straight segments connected by shape memory alloy actuators (SMA) that generate local bending at discrete locations along the probe length. We take advantage of the redundancy of the cannula and apply configuration control approach to develop motion planning algorithms to steer the cannula to a desired location while avoiding obstacles. The maximum bending angle that can be achieved by the SMA actuator depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the SMA actuator, the initial strain of the SMA before actuation and the mechanical properties of the soft-tissue. Hence, we also investigate the maximum bending angle that can be achieved in motion planning. We demonstrate that the planner can successfully find trajectories in the presence of moving obstacles while avoiding the joint limits. Therefore, the planner can be used to steer the cannula under image guidance.
Dorsal subthalamotomy for Parkinson's disease (2001)

We report our experience of unilateral subthalamotomy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Eleven patients were included in a pilot, open-labeled study to assess the effect of unilateral lesion of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. The guidelines of CAPIT (Core Assessment Program for Intracerebral Transplantation) were followed for recruitment into the study and follow-up assessment. Levodopa equivalents daily intake (mean 967 mg) were unchanged during the first 12 months in all but one patient who stopped medication. The sensorimotor region of the STN was defined by semimicrorecording and stimulation and a thermolytic lesion was placed accordingly. There was a significant reduction in both UPDRS parts II and III in the "off" state at 1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. This effect was maintained in four patients up to 24 months. The dyskinesia score did not change postoperatively. Lesion-induced dyskinesias were not a management problem except in one patient who developed a large infarction several days postsurgery. This initial study indicates that a lesion of the STN is not generally associated with hemiballismus in PD. Subthalamotomy may induce considerable motor benefit and could become another surgical option under specific circumstances.
Acute and one year follow-up results after vessel size adapted PTCA using intracoronary ultrasound (1998)

Intravascular ultrasound provides an accurate and precise description of vascular dimensions at the site of the stenotic lesion. The use of balloon diameters following these measurements appears to be (1) safe in the acute setting with a low number of in hospital events and (2) gives a low restenosis rate and number of clinical events at one year follow-up. These promising results warrant verification in larger-scale randomized trials.
Japanese Beetle Control in Kentucky Bluegrass Turf, 1984 (1985)

Abstract The study was conducted on an irrigated Kentucky bluegrass fairway at Lakeside golf course, Lexington, Ky. The initial infestation was ca. 5 third stage grubs per ft2. Thatch accumulation was negligible. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots measured 8 x 8 ft with a 1 ft boundary between each plot. Granular applications were mixed with sand and applied by hand. The 1 liquid application was mixed with water at the proper rate and applied with a 2 gal pressurized sprayer with a cone-type nozzle. Some materials were prepackaged in pressurized hose-end applicators. All treatments were applied on Aug 31. Those applications that were to be irrigated were watered in using the golf course irrigation system. Approximately 1.5 inches of water (pH 7.14) was applied. Those treatments that were not to be watered-in were applied ca. 2 h later, after the turf had dried. Additional irrigation was withheld from the experimental site for 48 h. Surviving grubs were sampled 3 wks later by taking four 0.33-ft2 by 2-inch-deep soil cores from each plot. The cores were broken apart by hand and the grubs counted. Because the variances were proportional to the squares of the treatment means, a logarithmic transformation was used prior to ANOVA.
Glycosaminoglycans in Wound Healing (2016)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are ancient molecules that have persisted throughout vertebrate and invertebrate evolution for many\nhundreds of millions of years. They have essential roles in the regulation of many fundamental physiological processes, which control cellular proliferation,\ndifferentiation, matrix assembly, homeostasis, and cellular behavior, which has ensured the survival of vertebrates and invertebrates to the\npresent day. In this study, we review the roles of GAGs in wound repair in a number of tissues. The healing of some wounds such as diabetic ulcers,\ncartilaginous defects, and damaged neural tissue can be a particularly demanding clinical problem. However, with the directive roles that GAGs\nhave established through evolution, the development of key matrix and cellular molecules to control cellular behavior has resulted in the development\nof sophisticated control systems to regulate key physiological life-preserving processes. The control of wound repair is but one example of these.\nWith a greater understanding of how GAGs actually do this, inroads are being made in the application of this information in the development of\ntherapeutic procedures to improve repair of these problematic tissues. The application of engineered heparin sulfate (HS), human natural killer-1\n(HNK-1), and HS biomimetics in neuromuscular repair biology, activated protein C in the treatment of diabetic ulcers, and affinity-isolated HS\nsubfractions for specific applications in bone and vascular repair and in the improved expansion of mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic applications\nrepresent significant advances in wound repair biology and emphasize the importance of GAGs in these processes. Armed with a greater\nunderstanding of the glycocode
Inhibition of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase by flavonoids. II. (1988)

Sixty-one flavanones, twenty-six isoflavones and eight other flavonoids, obtained from Sophora tomentosa, S. flavescens, Scutellaria baicalensis and other medicinal plants or synthesized, were tested for their inhibitory activity against adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase from beef heart. The structure-activity relationships were investigated.
Fostering participaction in smart cities: a geo-social crowdsensing platform (2013)

This article investigates how and to what extent the power of collective although imprecise intelligence can be employed in smart cities. The main visionary goal is to automate the organization of spontaneous and impromptu collaborations of large groups of people participating in collective actions (i.e., participAct), such as in the notable case of urban crowdsensing. In a crowdsensing environment, people or their mobile devices act as both sensors that collect urban data and actuators that take actions in the city, possibly upon request. Managing the crowdsensing process is a challenging task spanning several socio-technical issues: from the characterization of the regions under control to the quantification of the sensing density needed to obtain a certain accuracy; from the evaluation of a good balance between sensing accuracy and resource usage (number of people involved, network bandwidth, battery usage, etc.) to the selection of good incentives for people to participAct (monetary, social, etc.). To tackle these problems, this article proposes a crowdsensing platform with three main original technical aspects: an innovative geo-social model to profile users along different variables, such as time, location, social interaction, service usage, and human activities; a matching algorithm to autonomously choose people to involve in participActions and to quantify the performance of their sensing; and a new Android-based platform to collect sensing data from smart phones, automatically or with user help, and to deliver sensing/actuation tasks to users.
An introduction to the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (1999)

Osteoarthritis involves the degeneration of articular cartilage together with changes in subchondral bone and limited intra-articular inflammation. In this chapter these changes are reviewed at the tissue, cell and molecular levels to reveal the complexity of a process which involves multiple changes in joint structure and turnover.
Lambdoidal Layup of Aragonite Sheets in Conch Shell (2007)

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