gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water‐proton relaxivities of DNA oligomers carrying TEMPO radicals (2008)

5-Uridine derivative carrying a TEMPO radical (UST) was prepared and its single strand (ssUST) and a double strand (dsUST) with its complementary strand were obtained. Similarly, single strands carrying two and five radicals (ssUST2 and ssUST5, respectively) and the corresponding double strands (dsUST2 and dsUST5) were prepared. Their electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra showed typical anisotropic broadening in the high field line. The rotational correlation times, tau(R), estimated by analyzing the EPR spectra are 1.1 x 10(-10), 5.9 x 10(-10), and 14 x 10(-10) s for UST, ssUSTm, and dsUSTm, respectively. The water-proton relaxivities, r(1) and r(2), at 25 MHz, 0.59 T, and 25 degrees C, also increased in the same order and the r(1) values were 0.26, 0.41, and 0.56 mM(-1) s(-1) for UST, ssUSTm, and dsUSTm, respectively. The r(1) values of 1.00 and 2.06 mM(-1) s(-1) for dsUST2 and dsUST5, respectively, were obtained.
How to… (2013)

Reptiles are considered difficult to anaesthetize but with careful preparation and a good understanding of the physiology, any of the common reptiles seen in practice should be able to be anaesthetized.
<title>GMUGLE: A goal lattice constructor</title> (2001)

Goal lattices are a method for ordering the goals of a system and associating with each goal the value of performing that goal in terms of how much it contributes to the accomplishment of the topmost goal of a system. This paper presents a progress report on the development of a web-based implementation of the George Mason University Goal Lattice Engine (GMUGLE). GMUGLE allows a user to interactively create goal lattices, add/delete goals, and specify their ordering relations through a web-based interface. The database portion automatically computes the GLB and LUB of pairs of goals which have been entered to form them into a lattice. Yet to be implemented is the code to input goal values, automatically apportion the values among included goals, and accrue value among the included goals.
Distributed Sensing for Quality and Productivity Improvements (2006)

Distributed sensing, a system-wide deployment of sensing devices, has resulted in both temporally and spatially dense data-rich environments. This new technology provides unprecedented opportunities for quality and productivity improvement. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art practice, research challenges, and future directions related to distributed sensing. The discussion includes the optimal design of distributed sensor systems, information criteria, and processing for distributed sensing and optimal decision making in distributed sensing. The discussion also provides applications based on the authors' research experiences. Note to Practitioners—This paper is based on a panel discussion on the topic of the emerging technology of distributed sensing and the associated challenges and opportunities. The panel, constituted by a group of leading researchers and practitioners with expertise in operations and statistics, convened during the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) 2003 annual meeting in Atlanta, GA. This panel focused its discussion on the information layer technology of distributed sensing for quality and productivity improvements, which differentiates this panel from other similar panels that were formed in a different society. The panelists provided their visions about the state-of-the-art practice, research challenges, and future research directions, and also discussed potential applications based on their own experiences.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Aging and Alzheimer′s Disease: Implications for Mitochondrially Targeted Antioxidant Therapeutics (2006)

The overall aim of this article is to review current therapeutic strategies for treating AD, with a focus on mitochondrially targeted antioxidant treatments. Recent advances in molecular, cellular, and animal model studies of AD have revealed that amyloid precursor protein derivatives, including amyloid beta (A beta) monomers and oligomers, are likely key factors in tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial oxidative damage, inflammatory changes, and synaptic failure in the brain tissue of AD patients. Several therapeutic strategies have been developed to treat AD, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiamyloid approaches. Among these, mitochondrial antioxidant therapy has been found to be the most efficacious in reducing pathological changes and in not producing adverse effects; thus, mitochondrial antioxidant therapy is promising as a treatment for AD patients. However, a major limitation in applying mitochondrial antioxidants to AD treatment has been the inability of researchers to enhance antioxidant levels in mitochondria. Recently, however, there has been a breakthrough. Researchers have recently been able to promote the entry of certain antioxidants-including MitoQ, MitoVitE, MitoPBN, MitoPeroxidase, and amino acid and peptide-based SS tetrapeptides-into mitochondria, several hundred-fold more than do natural antioxidants. Once in the mitochondria, they rapidly neutralize free radicals and decrease mitochondrial toxicity. Thus, mitochondrially targeted antioxidants are promising candidates for treating AD patients.
The role of the multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) latency in understanding optic nerve and retinal diseases. (2006)

The mfVEP delays seen in patients with retinal disease are similar in magnitude and prevalence to those seen in patients with a history of ON/MS. In general, this does not present a problem when using the mfVEP in the clinic. However, a retinal problem can be confused with ON/MS or, in fact, dismissed as functional, especially if the fundus appears normal.
Direct Quantification of Chemical Warfare Agents and Related Compounds at Low ppt Levels: Comparing Active Capillary Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Ionization and Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2014)

A novel active capillary dielectric barrier discharge plasma ionization (DBDI) technique for mass spectrometry is applied to the direct detection of 13 chemical warfare related compounds, including sarin, and compared to secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. The investigated compounds include an intact chemical warfare agent and structurally related molecules, hydrolysis products and/or precursors of highly toxic nerve agents (G-series, V-series, and "new" nerve agents), and blistering and incapacitating warfare agents. Well-defined analyte gas phase concentrations were generated by a pressure-assisted nanospray with consecutive thermal evaporation and dilution. Identification was achieved by selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The most abundant fragment ion intensity of each compound was used for quantification. For DBDI and SESI, absolute gas phase detection limits in the low ppt range (in MS/MS mode) were achieved for all compounds investigated. Although the sensitivity of both methods was comparable, the active capillary DBDI sensitivity was found to be dependent on the applied AC voltage, thus enabling direct tuning of the sensitivity and the in-source fragmentation, which may become a key feature in terms of field applicability. Our findings underline the applicability of DBDI and SESI for the direct, sensitive detection and quantification of several CWA types and their degradation products. Furthermore, they suggest the use of DBDI in combination with hand-held instruments for CWAs on-site monitoring.
MicroGPS for Low-Cost Orbit Determination (1997)

This article presents a new technology for satellite orbit determination using a simple Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver (microGPS) with ultra-low cost, power, and mass. The capability of low-cost orbit determination with microGPS for a low Earth-orbiting satellite, Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE), is demonstrated using actual GPS data from the GPS/Meteorology (MET) satellite. The measurements acquired by the microGPS receiver will be snapshots of carrier Doppler and ambiguous pseudorange. Among the challenges in orbit determination are the resolution of the pseudorange ambiguity; the estimation of the measurement time tag drift, which affects the in-track orbit position solution; and the convergence of the orbit solution from a cold start with essentially no knowledge of the orbit. The effects of data gaps and Doppler data quality are investigated. An efficient data acquisition scenario for SNOE is derived.
Polymorphism of the Serotonin Transporter Gene and Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2003)

5-HTT gene polymorphism appears to determine the severity of PH in hypoxemic patients with COPD. Because PH is an important prognostic factor in this disease, recognition of patients at risk for PH should be helpful in managing COPD.
The<i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i>ExoR protein is required for the downregulation of<i>lpsS</i>transcription and succinoglycan biosynthesis in response to divalent cations (2006)

The Sinorhizobium meliloti lpsS gene encodes a sulfotransferase that modifies lipopolysaccharide. Mutants lacking lpsS display no defect in lipopolysaccharide sulfation when assayed under laboratory conditions, but exhibit an abnormal symbiosis with alfalfa. These results suggest that lpsS is transcriptionally repressed under laboratory conditions, but upregulated during symbiosis. Here, it is shown that lpsS, as well as exo genes required for the biosynthesis of succinoglycan, are transcriptionally repressed in laboratory media containing divalent cations. Furthermore, the divalent cation-dependent transcriptional downregulation of lpsS is dependent on the exoR gene, which encodes a global regulator of transcription.
Coupling of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism in Infant Pigs during Selective Brain Hypothermia (2000)

Studies documenting the cerebral hemodynamic consequences of selective brain hypothermia (SBH) have yielded conflicting data. Therefore, the authors have studied the effect of SBH on the relation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CMRO2 in the forebrain of pigs. Selective brain hypothermia was induced in seven juvenile pigs by bicarotid perfusion of the head with extracorporally cooled blood. Cooling and stepwise rewarming of the brain to a Tbrain of 38 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 30 degrees C, and 38 degrees C at normothermic Ttrunk (38 degrees C) decreased CBF from 71 + 12 mL 100 g(-1) min(-1) at normothermia to 26+/-3 mL 100 g(-1) min(-1) and 40+/-12 mL 100 g(-1) min(-1) at a Tbrain of 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C, respectively. The decrease of CMRO2 during cooling of the brain to a Tbrain of 25 degrees C resulted in a mean Q10 of 2.8. The ratio between CBF and CMRO2 was increased at a Tbrain of 25 degrees C indicating a change in coupling of flow and metabolism. Despite this change, regional perfusion remained coupled to regional temperatures during deep cerebral hypothermia. The data demonstrate that SBH decreases CBF and oxygen metabolism to a degree comparable with the cerebrovascular and metabolic effects of systemic hypothermia. The authors conclude that, irrespective of a change in coupling of blood flow and metabolism during deep cerebral hypothermia, cerebral metabolism is a main determinant of CBF during SBH.
Substituent Effects on the Iodine-Catalyzed Thermal Cyclization of 3,4-Diphenylbuta-1,3-dienyl Isocyanates: Mechanistic Studies (2011)

The thermal cyclization of 3,4-diphenylbuta-1,3-dienyl isocyanates 1, generated in situ from the corresponding azides, was investigated using iodine as a catalyst. Diphenylpyridinones 2, phenylnaphthalenes 3, and indenes 4 were produced via intramolecular ring closure. The nature of the substituents on the phenyl rings was found to be crucial to the distribution of cyclized products 2-4. The mechanism of the reaction is also discussed.
Regulation of Intracellular Heme Levels by HMX1, a Homologue of Heme Oxygenase, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2003)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to iron deprivation by increasing the transcription of genes involved in the uptake of environmental iron and in the mobilization of vacuolar iron stores. HMX1 is also transcribed under conditions of iron deprivation and is under the control of the major iron-dependent transcription factor, Aft1p. Although Hmx1p exhibits limited homology to heme oxygenases, it has not been shown to be enzymatically active. We find that Hmx1p is a resident protein of the endoplasmic reticulum and that isolated yeast membranes contain a heme degradation activity that is dependent on HMX1. Hmx1p facilitates the capacity of cells to use heme as a nutritional iron source. Deletion of HMX1 leads to defects in iron accumulation and to expansion of intracellular heme pools. These alterations in the regulatory pools of iron lead to activation of Aft1p and inappropriate activation of heme-dependent transcription factors. Expression of HmuO, the heme oxygenase from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, restores iron and heme levels, as well as Aft1p- and heme-dependent transcriptional activities, to those of wild type cells, indicating that the heme degradation activity associated with Hmx1p is important in mediating iron and heme homeostasis. Hmx1p promotes both the reutilization of heme iron and the regulation of heme-dependent transcription during periods of iron scarcity.
New vehicle based on a microemulsion for topical ocular administration of dexamethasone (2004)

The microemulsion-based dexamethasone eye drop is advantageous for ophthalmic use because it is well-tolerated in the eye and seemed to provide a higher degree of bioavailability. The developed system shows greater penetration in the eye, allowing the possibility of decreasing the number of applications of eye drops per day.
Fluorous Biphase Catalytic Friedel-Crafts Acylation: Ytterbium Tris(Perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)methide Catalysts (2000)

Ytterbium(III) tris(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)methides were found to be effective catalysts (10 mol%) for the Friedel-Crafts acylation of arenes with acid anhydrides. In addition, with sufficient fluorous content in the ytterbium complex, the reactions could be run under a fluorous biphase regime where the catalyst is recycled and re-used by extraction of the spent acylation reaction mixture with perfluoromethyldecalin.
Artificial Heliotropism and Nyctinasty Based on Optomechanical Feedback and No Electronics (2017)

Although plants are typically not considered an inspiration for designing motile robots, they do perform a variety of intricate motion patterns, including diurnal cycles of sun tracking (heliotropism) and leaf opening (nyctinasty). In real plants, these motions are controlled by complex, feedback-based biological mechanisms that, to date, have been mimicked only in computer-controlled artificial systems. This work demonstrates both heliotropism and nyctinasty in a system in which few simple, but strategically positioned thermo-responsive springs and lenses form a feedback loop controlling these motions and substantiating a behavioral analogy to "plants." In particular, this feedback allows the "artificial plant" to reach and stabilize at a metastable position in which the solar flux on the "plants" and the solar power "leaves" are maximized. Unlike many soft robotic systems, our "plants" are completely autonomous, in that, they do not require any external controls or power sources. Bioinspired designs such as this could be of interest for soft robotic systems in which materials alone-rather than power-consuming electronic circuitry-control the motions.
A tetrahedra-based stream surface algorithm (2001)

This paper presents a new algorithm for the calculation of stream surfaces for tetrahedral grids. It propagates the surface through the tetrahedra, one at a time, calculating the intersections with the tetrahedral faces. The method allows us to incorporate topological information from the cells, e.g. critical points. The calculations are based on barycentric coordinates, since this simplifies the theory and the algorithm. The stream surfaces are ruled surfaces inside each cell, and their construction starts with line segments on the faces. Our method supports the analysis of velocity fields resulting from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.
The Estimation of Some Properties of Surface Active Agents (1990)

The method of estimating surfactant properties for a homologue series only from the properties of two compounds from the investigated series of surfactants and from the properties of the standard series is proposed. Using the proposed method the HLB and the hydrophobicity index can be estimated with maximum errors not exceeding 0.5 and 0.06, while the relative errors of the determination of surface tension, wetting, foaming and biodegradation abilities are 1.2%, 11.5% 4.2% and 3.3% respectively
Acoustic streaming induced by ultrasonic flexural vibrations and associated enhancement of convective heat transfer (2002)

Acoustic streaming induced by ultrasonic flexural vibrations and the associated convection enhancement are investigated. Acoustic streaming pattern, streaming velocity, and associated heat transfer characteristics are experimentally observed. Moreover, analytical analysis based on Nyborg’s formulation is performed along with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using a numerical solver CFX 4.3. Two distinctive acoustic streaming patterns in half-wavelength of the flexural vibrations are observed, which agree well with the theory. However, acoustic streaming velocities obtained from CFD simulation, based on the incompressible flow assumption, exceed the theoretically estimated velocity by a factor ranging from 10 to 100, depending upon the location along the beam. Both CFD simulation and analytical analysis reveal that the acoustic streaming velocity is proportional to the square of the vibration amplitude and the wavelength of the vibrating beam that decreases with the excitation frequency. It is observed that the streaming velocity decreases with the excitation frequency. Also, with an open-ended channel, a substantial increase in streaming velocity is observed from CFD simulations. Using acoustic streaming, a temperature drop of 40 °C with a vibration amplitude of 25 μm at 28.4 kHz is experimentally achieved.
Design Application of Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Vision-Based Defect Inspection (2018)

In this decade, deep convolutional neural network called DCNN has been attracting attention due to its high ability of image recognition and other applications. In this paper, a design application of DCNN is considered and developed for vision-based defect inspection. As a trial test, three kinds of DCNNs are designed, implemented and tested to inspect small defects, such as, crack, burr, protrusion, chipping and spot phenomena seen in the manufacturing process of resin molded articles. An image generator is also implemented to systematically generate range of relevant deformed version of similar images for training. The designed DCNNs are trained using the generated images and then evaluated through classification experiments. The usefulness of the proposed DCNN design application is demonstrated and discussed.
AUTOMATIC 3D POWERLINE RECONSTRUCTION USING AIRBORNE LiDAR DATA (2009)

The safety of powerline infrastructure significantly affects our everyday life and industrial activities. There are many factors and objects to threaten powerline safety, which include encroaching vegetation, tree healthiness, ambient temperature of the powerlines, structural faults of insulator and tower and so on. A timely and accurate monitoring of those key powerline features enables to prevent causing possible dangerous situation such as blackout. At present, most of utility firms heavily rely on men-centric powerline monitoring methods which are time consuming and very costly, and also, hazardous work. Recently, airborne LiDAR system was introduced as a cost effective data acquisition tool which enables to rapidly capture 3D powerline scene with up to about 30 points/m 2 . This dramatically increased point density would provide a great possibility for achieving the automation of 3D reconstruction of powerline scene features which is an essential step for a machine-based powerline safety monitoring. Since it has been lately used for the powerline monitoring, not many automatic algorithms for reconstructing powerline have been introduced using LiDAR data. This paper introduces a Voxel-based Piece-wise Line Detector (VPLD) which automatically reconstructs 3D powerline models using airborne LiDAR data. The VPLD is developed based on well-known perceptual grouping framework which reconstructs a powerline by grouping similar features at different levels of information (i.e., points, segments and lines). A final reconstruction of single powerline models is accomplished by applying a non-linear adjustment for estimating catenary line parameters to a piece-wisely segmented voxel space. An evaluation of the proposed approach over a complicated powerline scene shows that the proposed method is promising.
Derivation and FACS-Mediated Purification of PAX3+/PAX7+ Skeletal Muscle Precursors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2013)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) constitute a promising resource for use in cell-based therapies and a valuable in vitro model for studying early human development and disease. Despite significant advancements in the derivation of specific fates from hPSCs, the generation of skeletal muscle remains challenging and is mostly dependent on transgene expression. Here, we describe a method based on the use of a small-molecule GSK3β inhibitor to derive skeletal muscle from several hPSC lines. We show that early GSK3β inhibition is sufficient to create the conditions necessary for highly effective derivation of muscle cells. Moreover, we developed a strategy for stringent fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based purification of emerging PAX3+/PAX7+ muscle precursors that are able to differentiate in postsort cultures into mature myocytes. This transgene-free, efficient protocol provides an essential tool for producing myogenic cells for in vivo preclinical studies, in vitro screenings, and disease modeling.
Geometry comparisons of an 11‐T coaxial reentrant cavity (ReCav) coil (2003)

Abstract The continual march to higher magnetic fields for MRI/S has brought about a change in RF coil methodology that incorporates the use of cavity designs. One such design, the ReCav coil, has shown improvement in signal‐to‐noise (SNR) over standard low‐pass birdcages. This work studies the relationship between cavity geometry and coil performance. Five variations of the ReCav were built where either the diameter ratio between the inner and outer cylinders or the extent of reentrant wall were varied. The Q ‐damping and SNR were measured for each design. It is shown that the reentrant wall in the ReCav plays an important role in improving the performance of the coil. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 18B: 24–27, 2003