gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The molecular pathology of breast cancer progression (2010)

The current model of human breast cancer progression proposes a linear multi-step process which initiates as flat epithelial atypia (FEA), progresses to atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), evolves into DCIS and culminates in the potentially lethal stage of invasive ductal carcinoma. For several decades a major challenge to human breast cancer research has been the identification of the molecular alterations associated with the different stages of breast cancer progression. Until recently, progress in attaining this goal has been hampered by technical limitations associated with applying advanced molecular technologies to the microscopic preinvasive stages of breast tumorigenesis. Recent advances in comprehensive, high-throughput genetic, transcriptomic and epigenetic technologies in combination with advanced microdissection and ex vivo isolation techniques have provided for a more complete understanding of the complex molecular genetic and molecular biological inter-relationships of the different stages of human breast cancer evolution. Here we review the molecular biological data suggesting that breast cancer develops and evolves along two distinct molecular genetic pathways. We also briefly review gene expression and epigenetic data that support the view of the tumour microenvironment as an important co-conspirator rather than a passive bystander during human breast tumorigenesis.
Lightweight Key Management Protocols for Smart Grids (2016)

Smart grid is a critical power infrastructure which includes many networked field devices such as Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Remote Terminal Unit (RTU), status sensors, and smart meters. Securing the smart grid is complex yet essential for our daily lives. This paper presents security protocols for securing the communication, control and management in smart grids. Specifically, it presents a key agreement and update protocols based on symmetric-key primitives and smart grid topologies, that are able to efficiently detect and revoke compromised IEDs.
Peptidyl Antithrombogenic Agents for Extracorporeal Blood Circulation (1992)

The reduction of platelet aggregation and adhesion is essential for preventing thrombus formation during extracorporeal circulation. This report addresses some performances of peptidyl antithrombogenic agents which bind to the adhesive site of fibrinogen. This was based on the recent finding that the sequence of the binding domain of the platelet membrane receptor to fibrinogen was identified as TDVNGDGRHDL (one-letter amino acid code; Thr-Asp-Val-Asn-Gly-Asp-Gly-Arg-His-Asp-Leu), entitled B12. The addition of B12 and shorter-chain analogue peptides dose-dependently suppressed platelet aggregation and adhesion onto a fibrinogen-coated surface. The shorter the amino acid sequence, the less effective was inhibition. The inhibitory effect on platelet adhesion in vivo was significant under continuous infusion of B12. These inhibitory effects were compared with those by a receptor-binding RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide, which is the common active site to adhesive proteins.
Differentiated properties of hepatocytes induced from pancreatic cells (2002)

Transdifferentiation of pancreas to liver is a well-recognized phenomenon and has been described in animal experiments and human pathology. We recently produced an in vitro model for the transdifferentiation (or conversion) of the pancreatic cell line AR42J-B13 to hepatocytes based on culture with dexamethasone (Dex). To determine whether the hepatocytes express markers of hepatic intermediary metabolism and detoxification, we investigated the patterns of expression of glucokinase, cytochrome P450s CYP3A1 and CYP2B1/2, testosterone/4-nitrophenol uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT), and aryl sulfotransferase. All were expressed. We also determined the expression of 2 enzymes involved in ammonia detoxification: carbamoylphosphate synthetase I (CPS I) and glutamine synthetase (GS). These enzymes are normally strictly compartmentalized in liver in a wide periportal pattern and the last downstream perivenous hepatocytes, respectively. Following culture with Dex, CPS I and GS are expressed in 2 different cell populations, suggesting that both periportal and perivenous hepatocytes are induced. We also produced a reporter assay based on the activation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) by the transthyretin (TTR) promoter or glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) promoter. After culture with Dex, transfected cells begin to express GFP, showing that hepatic promoters are activated in concert with the induction of the hepatocyte phenotype. Lastly, we examined the stability of the hepatic phenotype and found that some cells still express liver markers (transferrin or albumin) up to 14 days after removal of Dex. In conclusion, these results suggest that pancreatic hepatocytes produced by this method may offer an alternative model to primary cultures of hepatocytes for the study of liver function.
Yanktonai Beadwork and other souvenir items from Cannon Ball Community, North Dakota (2015)

A previous series of articles in this magazine [Green 2010, 2011] featured Yanktonai Sioux from Cannon Ball district on Standing Rock Reservation who, following World War II, were hired annually by the Northern Pacific Railway to set up their summer tipi camp in Depot Park, in close proximity to the Northern Pacific Railroad line in Mandan. Here, in full traditional regalia, they would greet passengers disembarking from trains to eat and stretch their legs. For a nominal fee, they would perform traditional dances, pose for photographs, and sell their assorted beadwork curios and souvenir postcards.
Molecular Aspects of Biogenesis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Dr Fimbriae: Characterization of DraB-DraE Complexes (2004)

The Dr hemagglutinin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli is a fimbrial homopolymer of DraE subunits encoded by the dra operon. The dra operon includes the draB and draC genes, whose products exhibit homology to chaperone-usher proteins involved in the biogenesis of surface-located polymeric structures. DraB is one of the periplasmic proteins belonging to the superfamily of PapD-like chaperones. It possesses two conserved cysteine residues characteristic of the FGL subfamily of Caf1M-like chaperones. In this study we obtained evidence that DraB cysteines form a disulfide bond in a mature chaperone and have the crucial function of forming the DraB-DraE binary complex. Expression experiments showed that the DraB protein is indispensable in the folding of the DraE subunit to a form capable of polymerization. Accumulation of DraB-DraE(n) oligomers, composed of head-to-tail subunits and the chaperone DraB, was observed in the periplasm of a recombinant E. coli strain which expressed DraB and DraE (but not DraC). To investigate the donor strand exchange mechanism during the formation of DraE oligomers, we constructed a series of DraE N-terminal deletion mutants. Deletion of the first three N-terminal residues of a potential donor strand resulted in a DraE protein lacking an oligomerization function. In vitro data showed that the DraE disulfide bond was not needed to form a binary complex with the DraB chaperone but was essential in the polymerization process. Our data suggest that assembly of Dr fimbriae requires a chaperone-usher pathway and the donor strand exchange mechanism.
Mixed-path ground-wave propagation: 2. Larger distances (1957)

The theoretical rcs ults given in p a r t 1 (NBS R esearch P a pcr 2687) fo], g ro und wave propagation over a mix cd pat h on a fl at earth ar e ge nerali zed to a spheri cal earth . Th e problem is formul ated in ter ms of t he mu t ua l impeda nce betwee n t wo ve rt ical dipoles whi ch are locatcd on eit her s ide of t he boundary of se parat ion . Exten sive llumerical r es ul ts ar c given in gra ph ica l form for a mi xed la nd-sea path at fr equ e ncies of 10, 20, 50, 100, a nd 200 kilocycles per scco nd .
MORPHOLOGY OF RADIATION-INDUCED HEART DISEASE (1968)

Clinical application of cobalt 60 γ-rays and equipment capable of producing megavoltage x-rays and electrons has led to exciting new uses of radiotherapy. Particularly in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, wide-field, relatively high-dose radiotherapy to involved lymphatic structures offers the only curative treatment for this otherwise uniformly fatal disease.<sup>1,2</sup>Therapy with such high-energy beams has made it possible to attain large doses of radiation to deep tumors. Now skin damage is no longer the limiting factor in radiotherapy; however, this advance has also opened the door to high-dose radiation of normal tissue and potential complications not previously recognized as important. In a recent issue of the<i>Archives of Pathology</i>, Fajardo and associates describe the morphologic alterations in heart and pericardium of 16 patients in whom cardiac disease developed following courses of therapeutic x-irradiation of the mediastinum for thoracic tumors.<sup>3</sup>The most common abnormality observed was pericardial fibrosis often
Mixing with an Electrostatic Field (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMixing with an Electrostatic FieldW. P. Cropper and H. S. SeeligCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1962, 1, 1, 48–52Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160001a009https://doi.org/10.1021/i160001a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Study of advanced radial outflow turbine for solar steam Rankine engines (1979)

An analytical investigation was conducted to determine the performance characteristics of various steam Rankine engine confugurations for solar electric power generation. The analysis was based upon an advanced radial outflow steam turbine developed by Energy Technology, Incorporated. The range of interest for the study was defined by limiting the following parameters: turbine inlet temperature: 600/sup 0/F to 1300/sup 0/F; turbine inlet pressure: 400 PSIA to 2000 PSIA; conducting temperature: 65/sup 0/F to 130/sup 0/F; and power output: 100 kW to 5000 kW. The engine configurations analyzed resulted in Rankine cycle efficiencies from 25 percent to 44 percent not including losses. The effects of rotating equipment losses and auxiliary power requirements were analyzed to obtain engine efficiencies for a complete power conversion subsystem. Within the range of interest, the above losses resulted in engine efficiencies 9 to 17 percent less than the computed cycle efficiencies. Engine part load efficiency was found to decline uniformly until approximately 20 percent of full load, where the rate of decrease of engine efficiency increased significantly. ETI's steam turbine was investigated to determine: (1) a method for predicting performance from experimental data; (2) the pressure ratio; and, (3) the effect of varying the number of turbie stages. All turbine designs were restricted to be compatible with commercially available gear-boxes and generators.
Synthesis of Stable Block-Copolymer-Protected NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Er<sup>3+</sup>Up-Converting Phosphor Nanoparticles (2009)

Near-infrared-to-visible up-conversion of light by rare earth ion-doped nanophosphors (NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) opens new possibilities for improved biolabeling. A major obstacle to applications of up-converting nano phosphors (UCNPs) has been obtaining samples stable in serum media for biological applications. Previous researchers have made UCNPs stable in DI water, but not serum media. In this study, hexagonal phase nanophosphors were prepared using one-step cothermolysis utilizing oleic acid (OA) and trioctyl phosphine (TOP) ligands. Two routes to polymer surface modification of the UCNPs were studied: direct ligand exchange using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and amphiphilc copolymer encapsulation via flash nano-precipitation (FNP). FNP-coated UCNPs were produced using three block-copolymers: poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL), poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PEG-b-PLGA), and poly((ethylene glycol)-block-lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA). Both surface modification routes produced colloidally stable UCNP dispersions in DI water. However, for the first time, we report the successful preparation of colloidal UCNPs stable in buffers and serum media (Leibovitz L-15 media with added fetal bovine serum) using FNP and PEG surface coatings. The stabilizing block-copolymer layer added ca. 15 nm to the diameter of the phosphor crystals. UCNPs assembly of amorphous PLA or PLGA is strikingly different than for crystallizable PCL. These polymer-modified UCNPs provide promising new materials for applications in bioimaging and photodynamic therapy.
Development of Simple Equations for Accurate and More Realistic Calculation of the Speed of Sound in Seawater (1969)

Many equations for calculating the speed of sound in the sea suffer from a lack of accuracy in spite of their complexity. By taking an appropriate approach in the development of the equation and by limiting the data to be fitted to those that correspond to real seawater conditions, it is found that more simple and more accurate equations can be developed. A survey of the characteristics of all existing seawaters is first made. This leads to a substantial limitation in the existing data to be fitted and suggests the appropriate measurements for further research. Previous methods of formulation are then discussed and a new method presented. To illustrate the advantages of the latter method, two equations formulated in this way are given. One fits Wilson's second equation for seawater to within 0.1 m/sec in the domain described, and the other fits Wilson's corresponding data with a better accuracy than does Wilson's equation.
Genetic and stimulatory cell type requirements for inducing class I major histocompatibility complex alloantigen‐specific <i>in vivo</i> cytotoxic T cell immunity (1985)

Current interpretation based on analytical in vitro works that actions of Ia antigens and accessory cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells are crucial for inducing cytotoxic T cell responses to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloantigens has been challenged by experiments performed in a newly developed system handling in vivo cytotoxic T cell immunity. We first characterized the transplantation immunity for second-set rejection of ascitic tumor allografts as principally induced by allogeneic stimulator cells via direct pathway, and as exclusively mediated by class I MHC alloantigen-specific in vivo cytotoxic T cell activity. By comparison of activities of limiting effective doses (10(4)-10(5) cells per mouse) of various stimulator cells in this defined system, we could demonstrate that genetic disparity at the D region of H-2 to the recipient is just enough for inducing the immunity, and presence of allogeneic or syngeneic Ia antigens in addition to H-2D alloantigens on stimulator cells does not give any premium effect. Further study revealed that allogeneic peritoneal cells rich in macrophages or glass-adherent spleen cells enriched for dendritic cells are not stronger stimulators than allogeneic adherent cell-depleted spleen cells and semi-allogeneic thymocytes. These results fit with the alternative concept that the physiological pathway inducing in vivo cytotoxic T cell immunity for graft rejection entirely depends on class I MHC antigens on live lymphocytes as self-supported stimulators, and does not crucially involve additional stimulator activities of Ia antigens and special accessory cell types, which must be in vivo concerned with induction of other types of transplantation immunity.
A Simple Method for Electrophilic Functionalization of DNA (2002)

[reaction: see text] An extremely simple and versatile method for placing an electrophilic functional group (iodide) at the 5' end of oligodeoxyribonucleotides is described. The reaction is carried out while the protected oligodeoxyribonucleotide remains on a solid support and utilizes inexpensive iodination chemistry. We demonstrate that this reaction can be automated on a DNA synthesizer as the last step of DNA synthesis.
Functional analysis of the transcriptional activator XlnR from Aspergillus niger (2004)

The transcriptional activator XlnR from Aspergillus niger is a zinc binuclear cluster transcription factor that belongs to the GAL4 superfamily. Several putative structural domains in XlnR were predicted using database and protein sequence analysis. Thus far, only the functionality of the N-terminal DNA-binding domain has been determined experimentally. Deletion mutants of the xlnR gene were constructed to localize the functional regions of the protein. The results showed that a putative C-terminal coiled-coil region is involved in nuclear import of XlnR. After deletion of the C-terminus, including the coiled-coil region, XlnR was found in the cytoplasm, while deletion of the C-terminus downstream of the coiled-coil region resulted in nuclear import of XlnR. The latter mutant also showed increased xylanase activity, indicating the presence of a region with an inhibitory function in XlnR-controlled transcription. Previous findings had already shown that a mutation in the XlnR C-terminal region resulted in transcription of the structural genes under non-inducing conditions. A regulatory model of XlnR is presented in which the C-terminus responds to repressing signals, resulting in an inactive state of the protein.
Supplier integration—Finding an optimal configuration (2005)

Abstract There has been increased interest in supplier integration in recent years, much of it supporting such initiatives in organizations. We operationalize supplier integration as a bundle of practices that include a set of “internal” and “external” practices. We hypothesize that such practices in specific configurations can be as important a source of performance differentials as the adoption of individual practices themselves. We theorize the existence of a level of integration that results in optimal performance. The paper uses data from a cross‐section of more than 300 US manufacturing companies to test the notion of an optimal level of supplier integration, and examine the conditions surrounding its development. The results provide empirical support for the concept of an optimal set of supplier integration practices. We show that deviations from the optimal profile are associated with performance deterioration, and that indiscriminate and continued investments in integration may not yield commensurate improvements in performance.
Improved visible light photocatalytic activity of titania doped with tin and nitrogen (2010)

Tin and nitrogen co-doped titania has been prepared by a hydrolysis precipitation method and studied by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV-vis absorption spectra, and photoluminescence. The surface area has been determined by using the BET method. Tin is incorporated into the TiO2 crystal lattice in substitutional mode, while nitrogen is present as surface species. The resultant energy levels of tin doping and nitrogen surface states are located inside the bandgap, which are close to the conduction and valence bands, respectively. Hence, co-doping of tin and nitrogen can greatly enhance the absorption in the visible light region and inhibit the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, leading to a higher photocatalytic activity for the co-doped catalyst than pure TiO2 and solely doped TiO2 with nitrogen or tin for degradation of 4-chlorophenol under both visible and UV-light irradiation. This indicates that co-doping simultaneously with two foreign elements is a feasible way to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2.
Comparison of Performance of Data Imputation Methods for Numeric Dataset (2019)

Missing data is common problem faced by researchers and data scientists. Therefore, it is required to handle them appropriately in order to get better and accurate results of data analysis. Objective of this research paper is to provide better understanding of data missingness mechanism, data imputation methods, and to assess performance of the widely used data imputation methods for numeric dataset. It will help practitioners and data scientists to select appropriate method of data imputation for numeric dataset while performing data mining task. In this paper, we comprehensively compare seven data imputation methods namely mean imputation, median imputation, kNN imputation, predictive mean matching, Bayesian Linear Regression (norm), Linear Regression, non-Bayesian (norm.nob), and random sample. We have used five different numeric datasets obtained from UCI machine learning repository for analyzing and comparing performance of the data imputation methods. Performance of the data imputation methods is assessed using Normalized Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) method. The results of analysis show that kNN imputation method outperforms the other methods. It has also been found that performance of the data imputation method is independent of the dataset and percentage of missing values in the dataset.
Alkene metathesis on photoirradiated silica surface (1995)

H. Yoshida, T. Tanaka, S. Matsuo, T. Funabiki and S. Yoshida, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 761 DOI: 10.1039/C39950000761
Dopamine-Mediated Pre-Crosslinked Cellulose/Polyurethane Block Elastomer for the Preparation of Robust Biocomposites (2018)

The development of micro- and nanofibril cellulose to improve strength while reducing the side effects of toughness and water resistance can benefit integrated polymer performance. Inspired by the interior microstructure of mussel byssus, this paper proposed an efficient means of generating an active block microfibrillated cellulose/polyurethane elastomer using an epoxy monomer as a pre-crosslinked agent with the addition of a poly(dopamine) layer. The block elastomer served as a multifunctional crosslinker, constructing a covalent network and interfacial hydrogen bonding that interlinked the elastomer with a soy protein isolate (SPI) matrix. Compared with the pristine SPI film, the introduction of the block elastomer induced remarkable improvements in tensile strength and toughness (146.7 and 102.1%, respectively). Additionally, the block elastomer was employed to further estimate its reinforcing effect in SPI resin modification, which also exhibited favorable water resistance and adhesion performance. This strategy may provide a new approach for constructing superior elastomers to reinforce applicable biomass composites.
Hybrid Electrically Pumped Evanescent Si/InGaAsP Lasers (2009)

Hybrid Si/InGaAsP Fabry-Perot evanescent lasers are fabricated via wafer bonding. Compared with previous similar devices, the current threshold density, turn-on voltage, output power and slope efficiency are all improved. Images show modal confinement to Silicon.