gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Channel Coding for Progressive Images in a 2-D Time-Frequency OFDM Block With Channel Estimation Errors (2009)

Coding and diversity are very effective techniques for improving transmission reliability in a mobile wireless environment. The use of diversity is particularly important for multimedia communications over fading channels. In this work, we study the transmission of progressive image bitstreams using channel coding in a 2-D time-frequency resource block in an OFDM network, employing time and frequency diversities simultaneously. In particular, in the frequency domain, based on the order of diversity and the correlation of individual subcarriers, we construct symmetric n -channel FEC-based multiple descriptions using channel erasure codes combined with embedded image coding. In the time domain, a concatenation of RCPC codes and CRC codes is employed to protect individual descriptions. We consider the physical channel conditions arising from various coherence bandwidths and coherence times, leading to a range of orders of diversities available in the time and frequency domains. We investigate the effects of different error patterns on the delivered image quality due to various fade rates. We also study the tradeoffs and compare the relative effectiveness associated with the use of erasure codes in the frequency domain and convolutional codes in the time domain under different physical environments. Both the effects of intercarrier interference and channel estimation errors are included in our study. Specifically, the effects of channel estimation errors, frequency selectivity and the rate of the channel variations are taken into consideration for the construction of the 2-D time-frequency block. We provide results showing the gain that the proposed model achieves compared to a system without temporal coding. In one example, for a system experiencing flat fading, low Doppler, and imperfect CSI, we find that the increase in PSNR compared to a system without time diversity is as much as 9.4 dB.
European Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking kickstarts 2010 action plan (2010)

The European Commission-supported Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) recently announced its 2010 Call for Proposals. Based on the FCH JU Annual Implementation Plan 2010 document, the call outlines how €89.1 million (US$113 million) in funding will be distributed for research, technological development and demonstration projects under the plan's five main areas. These are: transportation and refueling infrastructure; hydrogen production and distribution; stationary power generation and combined heat & power (CHP); early markets; and cross-cutting issues. This article looks at the 2010 plan, and summarizes the main objectives and the topics on which it is focused.
Exact and pth order equalization and linearization of recursive polynomial systems (2002)

This paper presents a theory for the exact and the pth order equalization or linearization of nonlinear systems with known recursive polynomial input-output relationships. The equalizing and linearizing filters have simple and computationally efficient structures. The theory we present is an extension of the standard equalization technique for linear systems.
Electrophile induced reactions of medium ring vinyl- and 1,2-epoxy-silanes and related compounds (1992)

Deuterium labelling studies confirm extensive trans-annular participation in acidolysis, acetylation and brominolysis of 1,2-epoxy-1-trimethylsilylcyclooctane and (E)-1-trimethylsilylcyclooctene, and require revision of previous mechanistic proposals.
Induction of tendon and ligament formation by carbon implants (1977)

Experiments have been performed on rabbits and sheep which demonstrate that pure carbon, in a flexible and filamentous form of great strength, can be used successfully to induce the formation of new tendons. A concept fundamentally different from that underlying the use of other artificial tendon replacements is involved, in which rapidly developing tendon-like tissue is induced to form around the implant. This gradually takes over the function of the implant. The early results in rabbits and the late results in sheep suggest that filamentous carbon may have a place in the replacement of the calcaneal tendon and the collateral ligaments of the knee.
Randomized Trial of Radiation Therapy Versus Concomitant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Advanced-Stage Oropharynx Carcinoma (1999)

The statistically significant improvement in overall survival that was obtained supports the use of concomitant chemotherapy as an adjunct to radiotherapy in the management of carcinoma of the oropharynx.
Eukaryotic large nucleo-cytoplasmic DNA viruses: Clusters of orthologous genes and reconstruction of viral genome evolution (2009)

The NCVOGs are a flexible and expandable platform for genome analysis and functional annotation of newly characterized NCLDV. Evolutionary reconstructions employing NCVOGs point to complex ancestral viruses.
Phenyl-to-Oxo Migration in an Electrophilic Rhenium(VII) Dioxo Complex (1996)

Reaction of (HBpz3)ReO(Ph)(OTf) with oxygen atom donors leads to oxidation of the phenyl group [HBpz3 = hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate, OTf = triflate, OSO2CF3]. Reaction with Me2SO gives the adduct [(HBpz3)ReO(Ph)(OSMe2)]OTf, which undergoes phenyl-to-oxo migration at 25 °C to give the phenoxide complex [(HBpz3)ReO(OPh)(OSMe2)]OTf and Me2S. The Me2SO adduct readily and reversibly loses Me2S (k = 2.9(4) s-1 at 25 °C) as indicated by isotope exchange reactions and magnetization transfer. The Me2SO adduct also slowly oxidizes Me2SO to Me2SO2. These reactions all proceed via an intermediate rhenium(VII) dioxo complex, [(HBpz3)ReO2(Ph)]OTf. This dioxo complex can be observed at low temperature on reaction of (HBpz3)ReO(Ph)(OTf) with pyridine N-oxide. It rearranges at 0 °C by phenyl-to-oxo migration to give phenoxide products and the catecholate complex (HBpz3)ReO(O2C6H4). The kinetics of this migration have been measured (ΔH⧧ = 14.8(7) kcal/mol, ΔS⧧ = −20.5(25) eu). From these data and the activation parameters for reactions of [(HBpz3)ReO(Ph)(OSMe2)]OTf, a detailed free energy surface for the reactions of [(HBpz3)ReO2(Ph)]OTf is constructed. The dioxo complex reacts very rapidly with Me2S (1.7 × 105 M-1 s-1) with essentially no enthalpic barrier, consistent with the action of a highly electrophilic oxo ligand. Electrophilicity of the oxo groups is suggested to be a critical factor in facilitating the phenyl-to-oxo migration. A general explanation for the relative ease of various organometallic migration reactions, based on analogies with organic [1,2]-shifts, is presented.
Self-Chord: A Bio-Inspired P2P Framework for Self-Organizing Distributed Systems (2010)

This paper presents “Self-Chord,” a peer-to-peer (P2P) system that inherits the ability of Chord-like structured systems for the construction and maintenance of an overlay of peers, but features enhanced functionalities deriving from ant-inspired algorithms, such as autonomous behavior, self-organization, and capacity to adapt to a changing environment. As opposed to the structured P2P systems deployed so far, resource indexing and placement is uncorrelated with network structure and topology, and resource keys are organized and managed by self-organizing mobile agents through simple local operations driven by probabilistic choices. Self-Chord has three main features that are particularly advantageous in Grid and Cloud Computing: 1) it is possible to give a semantic meaning to keys, which enables the execution of range queries; 2) the keys are fairly distributed over the peers, thus improving the balancing of storage responsibilities; 3) maintenance load is also limited because it is not necessary to reassign keys when new peers or resources are added to the system-the mobile agents will spontaneously reorganize the keys. The efficiency and effectiveness of Self-Chord were assessed both with a simulation framework and with an analytical model inspired by fluid dynamics.
Phylogenomic analysis of type I polyketide synthase genes in pathogenic and saprobic ascomycetes (2003)

Fungal type I polyketides (PKs) are synthesized by PK synthases (PKSs) and include well known secondary metabolites such as the anticholesterol drug lovastatin and the potent natural carcinogen aflatoxin. Other type I PKs are known to be virulence factors for some plant pathogens and pigments such as melanin. In this study, a phylogenomic approach was used to investigate the origin and diversity of fungal genes encoding putative PKSs that are predicted to synthesize type I PKs. The resulting genealogy, constructed by using the highly conserved PKS ketosynthase (KS) domain, indicated that: (i). Species within subphylum Pezizomycotina (phylum Ascomycota) but not early diverging ascomycetes, like Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomycotina) or Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Taphrinomycotina), had large numbers (7-25) of PKS genes. (ii). Bacteria and fungi had separate groups of PKS genes; the few exceptions are the likely result of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to various sublineages of fungi. (iii). The bulk of genes encoding fungal PKSs fell into eight groups. Four groups were predicted to synthesize variously reduced PKs, and four groups were predicted to make unreduced PKs. (iv). Species within different classes of Pezizomycotina shared the same groups of PKS genes. (v). Different fungal genomes shared few putative orthologous PKS genes, even between closely related genomes in the same class or genus. (vi) The discontinuous distributions of orthologous PKSs among fungal species can be explained by gene duplication, divergence, and gene loss; horizontal gene transfer among fungi does not need to be invoked.
Bulk-Nanoporous-Silicon Negative Electrode with Extremely High Cyclability for Lithium-Ion Batteries Prepared Using a Top-Down Process (2014)

We synthesized freestanding bulk three-dimensional nanoporous Si using dealloying in a metallic melt, a top-down process. Using this nanoporous Si, we fabricated negative electrodes with high lithium capacity, nearing their theoretical limits, and greatly extended cycle lifetimes, considerably improving the battery performance compared with those using electrodes made from silicon nanoparticles. By operating the electrodes below the accommodation volume limit of their pores, we prolonged their cycle lifetime.
Reversible Two-Photon Photoswitching and Two-Photon Imaging of Immunofunctionalized Nanoparticles Targeted to Cancer Cells (2010)

Both photoswitchable fluorescent nanoparticles and photoactivatable fluorescent proteins have been used for super-resolution far-field imaging on the nanometer scale, but the photoactivating wavelength for such photochemical events generally falls in the near-UV (NUV) region (<420 nm), which is not preferred in cellular imaging. However, using two near-IR (NIR) photons that are lower in energy, we can circumvent such problems and replace NUV single-photon excitations (e.g., 390 nm) with NIR two-photon excitations (e.g., 780 nm). Thus, we have demonstrated that alternating 780 nm NIR two-photon and 488 nm single-photon excitations induces reversible on-off fluorescence switching of immunotargeted nanoparticles in the human breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3. Herein, two-photon absorption not only caused spiropyran-merocyanine photoisomerization within the particles but also imparted red fluorescence. In comparison with single-photon NUV excitations, two-photon NIR laser excitations can potentially reduce absorption-related photodamage to living systems because cellular systems absorb much more weakly in the NIR.
Event-Specific Detection of Seven Genetically Modified Soybean and Maizes Using Multiplex-PCR Coupled with Oligonucleotide Microarray (2007)

With the increasing development of genetically modified organism (GMO) detection techniques, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been the mainstay for GMO detection. An oligonucleotide microarray is a glass chip to the surface of which an array of oligonucleotides was fixed as spots, each containing numerous copies of a sequence-specific probe that is complementary to a gene of interest. So it is used to detect ten or more targets synchronously. In this research, an event-specific detection strategy based on the unique and specific integration junction sequences between the host plant genome DNA and the integrated gene is being developed for its high specificity using multiplex-PCR together with oligonucleotide microarray. A commercial GM soybean (GTS 40-3-2) and six GM maize events (MON810, MON863, Bt176, Bt11, GA21, and T25) were detected by this method. The results indicate that it is a suitable method for the identification of these GM soybean and maizes.
Energy Efficient Data Aggregation using Voronoi based Genetic Clustering Algorithm in WSN (2012)

Wireless Sensor Network is an major emerging technique in wireless communication technology for application across a wide array of domains such as the military surveillance, medical diagnosis, weather forecasting, fire detection alarming systems, etc. One of the main challenges of wireless sensor network (WSN) is how to improve its time of livelihood due to the restricted energy of sensor nodes. Data must be aggregated in order to avoid amounts of traffic in the network, limit the recourses and energy. To solve the above dilemmas , data mining process such as clustering and data aggregation is used .clustering is used to group the nodes where as data aggregation function like MIN,MAX,AVG is used for swabbing redundant data transmission and improves the life span of energy in wireless sensor network. In this paper a new approach related to Voronoi based Genetic clustering (VBGC) Algorithm is proposed for energy efficient data aggregation. Our algorithm achieves energy efficiency by reducing the number of data transmission in each round to cluster head and from it to Base station (BS) .The Base Station periodically executes the proposed algorithm to select new Cluster-Heads after a certain period of time. Simulation results reveal that our algorithm outperforms basic GA.
Intercalibration method for underwater three-dimensional mapping laser line scan systems (2001)

I present a method to calibrate absolutely a new family of underwater bathymetric laser scanner systems that use a single target range. Depth is calculated by triangulation among the source, the receiver, and the instantaneous position of a single spot produced by a highly collimated laser beam scanned across the target. For calibration, the refractive index of seawater is used to modulate the triangulation parameters rather than use of different target ranges to calibrate for extended range operation. Exploitation of a unique triangulation configuration allows the receiver characteristics to be ignored initially so that the scanner parameters can be determined. This allows the accurate positioning of the laser spot so that the receiver, in turn, can be calibrated. This intercalibration method provides high-resolution parameterization of the source-receiver characteristics and their geometric layout within the system so that an absolute bathymetric calibration can be realized in situ. In addition, a theoretical model derived to develop the methodology can be used to characterize and optimize future designs.
Ion Energies at the Cathode of a Glow Discharge (1963)

The energy distribution of ions striking the cathode in a glow discharge has been measured for a series of gases including hydrogen, helium, neon, and argon. Standard ultrahigh vacuum techniques were used to maintain a high degree of gas purity. The ions were detected by placing a small pinhole in the cathode of a glow discharge and analyzed for energy by means of a sector-type electrostatic analyzer. The ion species was determined with a conventional magnetic analyzer and the resulting ion beam intensity measured with an electron multiplier. An oscilloscope display gave the ion-energy distribution for a particular ion species. A simple theory involving assumptions that the ions originated in the negative glow and undergo primarily symmetrical charge transfer as they pass through the cathode dark space to the cathode gives results that are in most cases in good agreement with experiment. The charge-transfer cross sections determined are in reasonable agreement with other published data.
Limited Choice Sets, Local Price Response and Implied Measures of Price Competition (1996)

Bart J. Bronnenberg, Wilfried R. Vanhonacker, Limited Choice Sets, Local Price Response and Implied Measures of Price Competition, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 33, No. 2 (May, 1996), pp. 163-173
Mechanism of SiN<i>x</i>H<i>y</i> deposition from N2–SiH4 plasma (1990)

The N2 –SiH4 rf glow-discharge plasma has been analyzed by line-of-sight mass spectrometry of species impinging on the deposition electrode (including N atoms), and properties of SiNx Hy films deposited from this plasma have been examined. At high rf power and low SiH4/N2 gas ratio, most of the SiH4 is consumed by reaction of SiHm radicals with N atoms at the film surface and becomes incorporated into the film. No Si–N precursor species are seen in the plasma. This is in contrast to the NH3–SiH4 plasma, where the Si(NH2)3 radical is the key gas-phase precursor. If power is insufficient or SiH4 flow is excessive, disilane is formed in the plasma. Under disilane-free plasma conditions, films slightly N rich with no Si–H bonding and only 11 at. % H (as N–H) can be deposited at high rate (21 nm/min). The film tensile stress characteristic of the NH3 process is absent in the N2 process due to the absence of precursor chemical condensation beneath the growing surface. However, step coverage is much worse in the N2 process due to the much higher sticking coefficients of the reactant radicals. The N2 plasma chemistry is the same using 400 kHz or 13 MHz rf power, but compressive stress and H content are both higher at the lower frequency due to H+ implantation.
Characterization of Single-Domain Antibodies with an Engineered Disulfide Bond (2012)

Camelidae single-domain antibodies (VHHs) represent a unique class of emerging therapeutics. Similar to other recombinant antibody fragments (e.g., Fabs, scFvs), VHHs are amenable to library screening and selection, but benefit from superior intrinsic biophysical properties such as high refolding efficiency, high solubility, no tendency for aggregation, resistance to proteases and chemical denaturants, and high expression, making them ideal agents for antibody-based drug design. Despite these favorable biophysical characteristics, further improvements to VHH stability are desirable when considering applications in adverse environments like high heat, low humidity, pH extremes, and the acidic, protease-rich gastrointestinal tract. Recently, the introduction of a disulfide bond into the hydrophobic core of camelid VHHs increased antibody thermal and conformational stability. Here, we present additional protocols for characterizing the effects of the introduced disulfide bond on a panel of llama VHHs. Specifically, we employ mass spectrometry fingerprinting analysis of VHH peptides to confirm the presence of the introduced disulfide bond, size exclusion chromatography, and surface plasmon resonance to examine the effects on aggregation state and target affinity, and circular dichroism spectroscopy and protease digestion assays to assess the effects on thermal and proteolytic stability. The disulfide bond stabilization strategy can be incorporated into antibody library design and should lead to hyperstabilized single-domain antibodies (VHHs, VHs), and possibly Fabs and scFvs, if selection pressures such as denaturants or proteases are introduced during antibody selection.
Effects of thyroxine level and temperature manipulations upon the hatching of chick embryos (gallus domesticus) (1971)

Abstract Thyroxine levels within chick embryos (Gallus domesticus) and incubation temperature were manipulated late in development in order to determine those events most proximal to the time of hatching that are both necessary and sufficient for the appearance of the hatched state. Events recorded include the time of breathing initiation, changes in breathing rate, time of puncture of the chorioallantoic membrane and changes in rate of loss of yolk sac material. It was found that a certain level of thyroxine is necessary for an animal to hatch, that breathing and puncture of the chorioallantoic membrane are necessary but not sufficient to predict the occurrence of hatching, and that a change in rate of loss of yolk sac material during the last 18 hr prior to hatching is sufficient to predict the occurrence of hatching. The explanatory hypothesis offered is that the endogenous increase in thyroxine levels acting via increased metabolic rates is necessary and sufficient for the animals to hatch.
The anti-cachectic effect of fatty acids (1998)

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Filaggrin – revisited (2013)

Profilaggrin (proFLG) and its processing products are critical to the health and appearance of skin. The recent identification of loss-of-function filaggrin (FLG) mutations as a predisposing factor in ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis has lead to a resurgent interest in this enigmatic protein. Here, we review the literature on the structure and many functions of proFLG, from its role as a filament-aggregating protein and a source of natural moisturizing factor (NMF), to the more recent discoveries of its role in epidermal barrier formation and its more speculative functions as an antimicrobial and sunscreen. Finally, we discuss the relationship of proFLG with dry skin, the influence of moisturizers on NMF generation and speculate on next generation of FLG research.
Evaluation of 24-Hour Arterial Stiffness Indices and Central Hemodynamics in Healthy Normotensive Subjects versus Treated or Untreated Hypertensive Patients: A Feasibility Study (2015)

Objective. Central blood pressure (BP) and vascular indices estimated noninvasively over the 24 hours were compared between normotensive volunteers and hypertensive patients by a pulse wave analysis of ambulatory blood pressure recordings. Methods. Digitalized waveforms obtained during each brachial oscillometric BP measurement were stored in the device memory and analyzed by the validated Vasotens technology. Averages for the 24 hours and for the awake and asleep subperiods were computed. Results. 142 normotensives and 661 hypertensives were evaluated. 24-hour central BP, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index (AI) were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group (119.3 versus 105.6 mmHg for systolic BP, 75.6 versus 72.3 mmHg for diastolic BP, 10.3 versus 10.0 m/sec for aortic PWV, -9.7 versus -40.7% for peripheral AI, and 24.7 versus 11.0% for aortic AI), whereas reflected wave transit time (RWTT) was significantly lower in hypertensive patients (126.6 versus 139.0 ms). After adjusting for confounding factors a statistically significant between-group difference was still observed for central BP, RWTT, and peripheral AI. All estimates displayed a typical circadian rhythm. Conclusions. Noninvasive assessment of 24-hour arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics in daily life dynamic conditions may help in assessing the arterial function impairment in hypertensive patients.