gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Denaturing-HPLC-Based Assay for Detection of ABL Mutations in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Resistant to Imatinib (2004)

Abstract Background: Despite the efficacy of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib mesylate for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), resistance has been observed in a proportion of cases, especially those with advanced stages of the disease. Point mutations within the ABL kinase domain are emerging as the most frequent mechanism for reactivation of kinase activity within the leukemic clone. Methods: We developed a denaturing-HPLC (D-HPLC)-based assay for screening for ABL point mutations. For each sample, two partially overlapping fragments of 393 and 482 bp corresponding to the kinase domain were amplified by nested reverse transcription-PCR and analyzed under selected temperature and acetonitrile gradient conditions. Fifty-one bone marrow and/or peripheral blood specimens from 27 CML patients who showed cytogenetic resistance to Imatinib were screened in parallel by D-HPLC and by direct sequencing. Results: In 12 of 27 (44%) patients, D-HPLC showed an abnormal elution profile suggesting the presence of a nucleotide change. Direct sequencing confirmed the presence of a point mutation in all cases. Conversely, all samples scored as wild type by D-HPLC showed no evidence of mutations by direct sequencing. In two cases, novel amino acid substitutions at codons already known for being hot-spots of mutation were identified (F311I and E355D). Conclusions: The proposed D-HPLC-based assay is highly specific and at least as sensitive as sequencing; with respect to the latter, it provides a much faster and less expensive semiautomated system for mutational screening. It may therefore potentially be a valuable tool for regular, large-scale testing of patients undergoing Imatinib treatment.
Entrainment of A Free-Running Human with Bright Light? (1989)

The case of a 40-year-old sighted woman with free-running sleep-wake and melatonin rhythms is presented. The subject was studied for 102 days. During the pre-treatment period, both the sleep-wake and melatonin rhythms had a period of 25.1 hr, similar to the average period of humans living in temporal isolation. Treatment consisted of bright artificial light exposure (2500 lx Vita-Lite) for 2 hr each day upon awakening. Clock time of light exposure was held constant for 6 days and then slowly advanced until the subject was arising at her desired time of day. The subject continued the light treatment at home and was able to live on a 24-hr day for the 30-day follow-up study. While other factors may be operating in this situation, it is possible that the light treatment caused the stabilization of the free-running rhythms, advancement to a normal phase and entrainment to the 24-hr day. We suspect that the tendency to free-run was related to sleep onsets that were abnormally delayed relative to the circadian phase response curve for light. By scheduling a 2-hr pulse of bright light each morning, this tendency to delay would be counteracted by light-induced advances, resulting in normal entrainment.
Self-review in early childhood education : "what's it all about?" : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Education at Massey University (2007)

An increased focus on self-review in early childhood education (ECE) in New Zealand has been influenced by the educational and political context of the past 15 years. The requirement for early childhood services to undertake internal review has been a feature of the regulatory framework since 1998 (and the requirement to undertake programme review has been in place since 1990). The Education Review Office (ERO) has given more emphasis to self-review through changes to its external review methodology since 1998, and self-review has been an area of national interest in all early childhood education reviews since 2005. Through the analysis of a sample of ERO reports, this research seeks to understand how external review has shaped and influenced thinking and practice associated with self-review in ECE services. The analysis of ERO's findings about self-review, as reported in accountability review reports (undertaken between 1998-2002) and education review reports (undertaken in 2005), revealed a complex milieu of activity that spanned everything that those who are involved in early childhood education services do as part of the operation of their service. This research also examined the political and educational contexts in which self-review understandings and practiccs have developed in early childhood services. The review of the literature illuminates how self-review has been defined, researched and practiced. The educational reforms that introduced charters and concepts of accountability and self-management to education in New Zealand in the late 1980s and early 1990s were a feature of the early childhood education landscape that gave rise to expectations of improved quality and increased accountability. This research explored the shifts that have taken place in ECE serviccs as reported by ERO and discussed in the context of the time. The relationship between self-review and external review is identified as needing revisiting and substantive discussion to explore ways that these two evaluative processes can be truly complementary.
Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using abrus precatorius seeds extract and their characterization (2013)

In modern science Nanotechnology is a ablaze field for the researchers.Nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension, is used significantly concerning medical chemistry, atomic physics, and all other known fields. Nanoparticles are used immensely due to its small size, orientation, physical properties,which are reportedly shown to change the performance of any other material which is in contact with these tiny particles. These particles can be prepared easily by different chemical, physical, and biological approaches. But the biological approach is the most emerging approach of preparation, because, this method is easier than the other methods, ecofriendly and less time consuming. The semiconductor ZnO has gained substantial interest in the research community in part because of its large exciton binding energy 60 meV which could lead to lasing action based on exciton recombination even above room temperature. The Green synthesis was done by using the aqueous solution of Abrus precatorius seeds extract and zinc acetate. A fixed ratio of plant extract to metal ion was prepared and the color change was observed which proved the formation of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis Spectrophotometer, FTIR, DLS, Zeta Analysis, XRD, and SEM. The particles synthesized were of the size ranging from 90-500 nm.
Transportability to other languages: the natural language processing project in the AI program at MCC (1985)

We discuss a recently launched, long-term project in natural language processing, the primary concern of which is that natural language applications be transportable among human languages. In particular, we seek to develop system tools and linguistic processing techniques that are themselves language-independent to the maximum extent practical. In this paper we discuss our project goals and outline our intended approach, address some cross-linguistic requirements, and then present some new linguistic data that we feel support our approach.
Synergy between interstitial flow and VEGF directs capillary morphogenesis<i>in vitro</i>through a gradient amplification mechanism (2005)

Cell organization is largely orchestrated by extracellular gradients of morphogenetic proteins. VEGF, an essential factor for capillary formation, is stored in the extracellular matrix, but the mechanisms by which it and other matrix-bound morphogens are mobilized to form spatial gradients are poorly understood. Here, we suggest an efficient mechanism for morphogen gradient generation by subtle biophysical forces in an in vitro model of capillary morphogenesis. Using a fibrin-bound VEGF variant that is released proteolytically to mimic the in vivo situation, we report that low levels of interstitial flow act synergistically with VEGF to drive endothelial organization, whereas each stimulus alone has very little effect. To help account for this synergy, we show how these slow flows can bias the distribution of cell-secreted proteases, which leads, interestingly, to the creation of an increasing VEGF gradient relative to the cell and skewed in the direction of flow. In contrast, diffusion alone can only account for symmetric, decreasing autocrine gradients. Indeed, branching of capillary structures was biased in the direction of flow only with the combination of VEGF and flow. This work thus demonstrates a general mechanism of morphogen gradient generation and amplification by small ubiquitous mechanical forces that are known to exist in vivo.
PWM and capacitor voltage balance control strategies for hybrid 9-level inverter (2004)

PWM and capacitor voltage balance control strategies for hybrid 9-level inverter are investigated in this paper. A direct PWM method based on decomposition of reference voltage for hybrid 9-level inverter is proposed. The 3/sup rd/, 9/sup th/ and 15/sup th/ order zero-sequence voltages are injected into the reference signal of hybrid 9-level inverter to control the capacitor voltage balance of H-bridge inverter. Dead-time effect of hybrid 9-level inverter is analyzed in detail and a modified compensation method available to hybrid 9-level inverter is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed control strategies. The abnormal pulses induced by the dead-time effect are completely compensated through the proposed modified dead-time compensation method. Hybrid 9-level inverter outputs better waveforms for the total harmonic distortion (THD) of output voltage is small than 3%.
ASIBOT assistive robot in a domestic environment (2009)

New mobile robotic devices are conquering homes. From automatic shades to motorized vacuum cleaning units, advanced technologies are progressively being introduced into real domestic home environments. Technology is no longer being introduced to simply serve information or environmental control. Dynamic and mobile elements are being introduced to perform household chores that require dexterous manipulation and advanced sensing and reasoning. This is a huge objective that implies great improvement and advances in current robotic technologies related to anytime availability, safety, and user satisfaction. From the point of view of dependability, the most complex part of a house is the kitchen, attending to the number of static-fixed task devices (white appliances). This is the proposed working scenario, to test the acceptance of a new modular type of robotic aids for handicapped. The ASIBOT-based Domestic Aided Kitchen is the adaptation of a handicapped-adapted kitchen for the operation of the portable climbing robot ASIBOT. This paper presents the first results of simulation of ASIBOT and derived synthesized models in a dynamic VR model of the kitchen, and the current state of investigation for ASIBOT2 and its full integration with the kitchen and user.
Circular polarisation and bandwidth (1989)

In this chapter, the various types of circularly polarised printed antennas are first briefly introduced in Section 4.1. In Section 4.2, a simple design method for a singly-fed antenna is described together with some useful design data. This method is useful in understanding its radiation mechanism and to roughly design it. However, if the general radiation mechanism and an accurate design method are required, then the more exact treatment, developed in Section 4.3, is necessary. In Section 4.4, some considerations of mutual coupling are described.
Anti-factor Xa antibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and their effects upon coagulation assays (2015)

APS anti-FXa IgG have higher avidity to FXa and greater effects upon the enzymatic and coagulant activity of FXa compared with SLE anti-FXa IgG. Further studies of anti-FXa antibodies in APS, SLE and other non-autoimmune thrombotic disease cohorts are now required to evaluate whether targeting FXa with selective inhibitors in patients bearing anti-FXa antibodies may be an effective treatment strategy.
Synchronous Steering Control of a Parallel Bicycle (1989)

This paper describes the methods and experiments on synchronous steering control of a parallel bicycle which has twin wheels on the outside of the parallel driving axes and an inverted-pendulum-type upper structure. The bicycle can be steered by controlling rotation of each wheel driven by each DC servo-motor. In order to drive the vehicle along an arbitrary path, both wheels must be steered and synchronously controlled. Both synchronous control methods are proposed. A gain changing method and a servo-reference method are each applied for the servo-control. The steering and driving control of the vehicle has been attained by using synchronous servo-control methods through a microcomputer. Experiments show that the control methods proposed here are available for steering and servocontrol without losing stability of the vehicle.
Naïve CD8 T-cells initiate spontaneous autoimmunity to a sequestered model antigen of the central nervous system (2008)

In multiple sclerosis, CD8 T-cells are thought play a key pathogenetic role, but mechanistic evidence from rodent models is limited. Here, we have tested the encephalitogenic potential of CD8 T-cells specific for the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) sequestered in oligodendrocytes as a cytosolic molecule. We show that in these 'ODC-OVA' mice, the neo-self antigen remains invisible to CD4 cells expressing the OVA-specific OT-II receptor. In contrast, OVA is accessible to naïve CD8 T-cells expressing the OT-I T-cell receptor, during the first 10 days of life, resulting in antigen release into the periphery. Introduction of OT-I as a second transgene leads to fulminant demyelinating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with multiple sclerosis-like lesions, affecting cerebellum, brainstem, optic nerve and spinal cord. OVA-transgenic oligodendrocytes activate naïve OT-I cells in vitro, and both major histocompatibility complex class I expression and the OT-I response are further up-regulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Release of IFN-gamma into the circulation of ODC-OVA/OT-I double transgenic mice precedes disease manifestation, and pathogenicity of OT-I cells transferred into ODC-OVA mice is largely IFN-gamma dependent. In conclusion, naïve CD8 T-cells gaining access to an 'immune-privileged' organ can initiate autoimmunity via an IFN-gamma-assisted amplification loop even if the self-antigen in question is not spontaneously released for presentation by professional antigen presenting cells.
Nanotube Formation from Renewable Resources via Coiled Nanofibers (2001)

Self-assembly of glycolipids into open-ended organic nanotubes (see Figure) is reported here. Depending on the solvent system used and the degree of saturation of the glycolipid, either gels or nanofibers of various morphologies form. Upon standing, the unsaturated glycolipid–based nanofibers transform into nanotubes with inner diameter 10–15 nm and length 10–100 μm.
Characterization of the Role of Heyl in Angiogenesis and Breast Cancer Development (2005)

Neoangiogenesis process involves complex genetic expression alterations in endothelial cells. We performed SAGE analysis on purified endothelial cells from two freshly resected breast carcinoma and one normal breast tissue, finding that the expression of HEYL, a basic helix-loophelix (bHLH) transcription repressor, is consistently higher in the breast cancer libraries compared to normal breast tissue. Our in situ hybridization analysis using single sections and multi-tissue arrays validated the SAGE results. To investigate the effect of HEYL on endothelial cells, we infected human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) using adenovirus expressing HEYL. We found that the expression of HEYL can increase HUVEC proliferation. Under serum starvation, the cells expressing HEYL showed strong anti-apoptosis ability compared to control cells. In addition, the HEYL expressing cells elongated 3 days after infection and showed actin rearrangement. These elongated cells have increased invasion ability in Boyden chamber assay. We found that PI-3 kinase signal transduction pathway involved in the cell invasion, since PI-3 kinase inhibitor can effectively block the invasion.
Yeast and Filaments Have Specialized, Independent Activities in a Zebrafish Model of Candida albicans Infection (2018)

<i>Candida albicans</i> dimorphism is a crucial virulence factor during invasive candidiasis infections, which claim the lives of nearly one-half of those afflicted. It has long been believed that filaments drive tissue invasion and yeast mediates bloodstream dissemination, but observation of these activities during infection has been prevented by technical limitations. We used a transparent zebrafish infection model to analyze more comprehensively how <i>C. albicans</i> utilizes shape to disseminate and invade. This model facilitated the use of diverse, complementary strategies to manipulate shape, allowing us to monitor dissemination, invasion, and pathogenesis via intravital imaging of individual fungal cells throughout the host. To control fungal cell shape, we employed three different strategies: gene deletion (<i>efg1</i>Δ/Δ <i>cph1</i>Δ/Δ, <i>eed1</i>Δ/Δ), overexpression of master regulators (<i>NRG1</i> or <i>UME6</i>), and modulation of the infection temperature (21°C, 28°C, or 33°C). The effects of these orthogonal manipulations were consistent, support the proposed specialized roles of yeast in dissemination and filaments in tissue invasion and pathogenesis, and indicate conserved mechanisms in zebrafish. To test if either morphotype changes the effectiveness of the other, we infected fish with a known mixture of shape-locked strains. Surprisingly, mixed-strain infections were associated with additive, but not synergistic, filament invasion and yeast dissemination. These findings provide the most complete view of morphotype-function relationships for <i>C. albicans</i> to date, revealing independent roles of yeast and filaments during disseminated candidiasis.
Quorum sensing and multidrug transporters in <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> (2006)

Previously, we found that the quorum sensing transcription factor SdiA up-regulates AcrAB. Others found that a 4-quinolone was a quorum-sensing signal in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Escherichia coli, there are at least three multidrug transporters (AcrAB/TolC, MdfA, and NorE) that exude fluoroquinolones. Here, we show that DeltaacrAB, tolC210, or DeltanorE mutants have the same growth rate as WT cells in exponential phase but grow to higher cell density in stationary phase. Overproduction of either pump caused cells to reach lower density. mdfA had no effect. Conditioned medium (CM) from cells overexpressing acrAB represses cell growth more than CM from WT cells. CM from pump mutant cells represses cell growth less than CM from WT cells. These results were not affected by the deletion of luxS, which synthesizes the quorum-sensing signal autoinducer 2 (AI-2). Expression of the rpoS gene encoding the stationary phase sigma factor is induced earlier in cells overexpressing acrAB and later in acrAB mutant cells. These results support a model in which a natural function of AcrAB/TolC and NorE is to export signals for cell-cell communication. Drugs exported by pumps may resemble communication molecules normally exuded.
Fourier Analysis of Cerebral Metabolism of Glucose: Gender Differences in Mechanisms of Color Processing in the Ventral and Dorsal Streams in Mice (2018)

Conventional imaging methods could not distinguish processes within the ventral and dorsal streams. The application of Fourier time series analysis was helpful to segregate changes in the ventral and dorsal streams of the visual system in male and female mice. The present study measured the accumulation of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) in the mouse brain using small animal positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) during light stimulation with blue and yellow filters, compared to during conditions of darkness. Fourier analysis was performed using mean standardized uptake values (SUV) of [18F]FDG for each stimulus condition to derive spectral density estimates for each condition. In male mice, luminance opponency occurred by S-peak changes in the sub-cortical retino-geniculate pathways in the dorsal stream supplied by ganglionic arteries in the left visual cortex, while chromatic opponency involved C-peak changes in the cortico-subcortical pathways in the ventral stream perfused by cortical arteries in the left visual cortex. In female mice, there was resonance phenomenon at C-peak in the ventral stream perfused by the cortical arteries in the right visual cortex during luminance processing. Conversely, chromatic opponency caused by S-peak changes in the subcortical retino-geniculate pathways in the dorsal stream supplied by the ganglionic arteries in the right visual cortex. In conclusion, Fourier time series analysis uncovered distinct mechanisms of color processing in the ventral stream in males, while in female mice color processing was in the dorsal stream. It demonstrated that computation of colour processing as a conscious experience could have a wide range of applications in neuroscience, artificial intelligence and quantum mechanics.
A GasFET for Chlorine Detection (2006)

The work function potential shift due to the chemical reaction of gold in a chlorine gas ambient is electrically measured. The sensor principle is based on a hybrid suspended gate field effect transistor. Gas measurements show that at 190degC a reversible chlorine detection without any cross sensitivities to other gas species is possible
Thermally Induced Porosity in CSD MgF<sub>2</sub>-Based Optical Coatings: An Easy Method to Tune the Refractive Index (2008)

A very simple and robust method is described to prepare MgF2-based optical thin films exhibiting refractive indices ranging from 1.08 to 1.2. These coatings were deposited on solid substrates through chemical solution deposition from a single and extremely stable (up to few years old) sol−gel solution composed of magnesium acetate and trifluoroacetic acid dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and water. The present work shows that the generation of the porosity responsible for the ultralow refractive indices of these materials is triggered by the thermal decomposition of the metallic precursor ligands. The resulting nanobubbles of gas are then frozen-in by the thermally induced condensation and partial crystallization of the mineral network around them. We demonstrate that such a process is governed, and can be perfectly controlled, by the heating rate and the atmospheric water content applied during calcination, through which nanobubble size, quantity, and the material’s chemical makeup are tuned. The resulting vesicle-like porous materials demonstrate a range of tunable compositions with varying refractive indices and combine good mechanical properties with high chemical and thermal resistance. This work is supported by a novel thermal ellipsometry analysis (TEA) method that allows for in situ monitoring of the films’ optical constants, structure, and thickness during thermal treatment. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that this technique has been used in the dynamic characterization of evolving unstructured porosity, allowing valuable insight into the thermal decomposition, condensation, crystallization, and sintering processes occurring during calcination.
Glandular Lesions of the Cervix (1996)

There is overlap between the cytologic criteria for the various glandular lesions of the cervix. However, some of these criteria can consistently distinguish clinically significant lesions from reactive benign changes seen in the glandular epithelium.