gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and evaluation of a potentiometric detection system for flow injection titrimetry (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign and evaluation of a potentiometric detection system for flow injection titrimetryS. F. Simpson and F. J. HollerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 1, 43–46Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00238a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00238a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hypoglycemic effects of stilbene glycoside from Polygonum multiflorum in type 2 diabetes and its mechanism of action (2015)

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the U. S. The number of people with diabetes has been increasing dramatically, and is expected to reach 366 million worldwide by 2030. Type 2 diabetes, affecting more than 90% of diabetes patients, is strongly associated with oxidative stress and is characterized by insulin resistance. There has been a strong need for safe and effective hypoglycemic agents due to side effects from anti-diabetic drugs. Polygonum multiflorum (PM) has long been used as a tonic in traditional Chinese medicine. The medicinal effects of PM are believed to be mediated through its strong antioxidant activity. Our objective is to test if PM extract has anti-diabetic effect, and to identify its active compounds. We gave 0.075% PM extract to KK CgAy/J type 2 diabetic mice in drinking water and after 7 weeks, PM-treated mice had significantly lower glucose level than control mice (p<0.003). We explored possible mechanisms with Elisa and Western Blotting and suggested that the effect was through maintaining β cell function. The major peak in the extract, also the major active compound in PM, trans-2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-glucopyranoside (trans-SG) was evaluated using the same animal model, however, no hypoglycemic effect was found. In exploring efficacious compounds, we identified cis-SG in PM extract and induced isomerization from trans- to cis- SG with UV light. In a high fat-induced type 2 diabetic mice model, crude extract containing cis- and trans- SG with the ratio of 2:3 exhibited significant hypoglycemic capacity, while pure trans-SG and crude extract with the ratio of 1:20 did not. The mechanism of differential anti-diabetic activities of trans- and cis- SG are investigated using PEPCK assay with HepG2 liver cell culture, and both isomers could effectively suppress Dex/cAMP induced PEPCK transcription, with cis-SG offering slightly better results. We also utilized high fat-induced CF-1 male mice to study the anti-diabetic effect of these two isomers. Both SGs were effective in lowering blood glucose in this model, and cis-SG improved glucose intolerance while trans-SG did not. And from the HOMA model the effect in the animal study was found to be through ameliorating insulin resistance.
Duplex-diplex optical transmission in the 1300 nm and 1500 nm fibre windows: an installed system (1987)

Results are presented from the first installed route in which two separate optical transmission systems have been combined using duplex and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) on a single fibre. Fused biconical couplers and wavelength-division multiplexers were used on a 30 km installed single-mode optical fibre route. Details of the observed receiver crosstalk penalties are presented.
Semiconducting Transparent Thin Films (1995)

A comprehensive account of the properties, growth and applications of semiconducting transparent thin films, this book provides a single source reference for researchers in the field. It discusses the underlying physics of such films, and their commercial applications in such areas as gas sensors and temperature control coatings in the aerospace industry. It is clearly written, with sections on the different materials, different growth techniques, electrical properties, optical properties, and selected applications, for coatings, sensors, detectors and display devices.It is a valuable reference tool for the established researcher, and provides a comprehensive introcution to the subject for graduates of electrical and electronic engineering.The international team of authors, under the leadership of one of the world's authorities on the subject have written a book which has become the standard work in the field.
P-glycoprotein is a factor in the uptake of dextromethorphan, but not of melperone, into the mouse brain: evidence for an overlap in substrate specificity between P-gp and CYP2D6 (2004)

In this study, the role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) for the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan, a CYP2D6 substrate, and of melperone, a CYP206 inhibitor, was investigated. The substances were administered subcutaneously near the nape of the neck of wild-type mice and of abcb1ab (–/–) mice. One hour after injection, concentrations of the two drugs in cerebrum, plasma and in different organs were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. No significant differences between wild-type mice and abcb1ab (–/–) mice were observed for melperone, suggesting that P-gp is not involved in the uptake of melperone into the brain or other organs of mice. The concentration of dextromethorphan in the brain was more than twice as high in abcb1ab (–/–) mice compared to wild-type mice. Therefore, P-gp appears to be a factor in the uptake of dextromethorphan into the mouse brain, and abcb1-polymorphisms need to be considered for CYP2D6 phenotyping experiments with this drug. There is an overlap in substrate specificity between P-gp and CYP2D6. P-gp is a factor in the uptake of dextromethorphan, but not of melperone.
Structure of the Signal Sequences for Two Mitochondrial Matrix Proteins That Are Not Proteolytically Processed upon Import (1994)

The N-terminal sequences of rhodanese and 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase, two mitochondrial matrix proteins that are not proteolytically processed upon import, have been studied by NMR and CD spectroscopy. In aqueous trifluoroethanol, in the presence of micelles, and in the presence of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), these peptides form alpha-helical structures beginning near the N-terminus and extending, continuously, for at least three helical turns. This result is consistent with a previous finding that a mutant rat liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase signal sequence we designed, which formed a continuous alpha-helix, could successfully direct protein import but was not proteolytically processed (Thornton, K., Wang, Y., Weiner, H., & Gorenstein, D. G. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 19906-19914). From these three examples, a model is developed which suggests that a mitochondrial signal sequence that has an N-terminal alpha-helix longer than 11 residues can take on the necessary conformation to be imported but cannot adopt the necessary conformation to be processed.
Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate on chlorinated natural rubber, 3. Study of the interaction between chlorinated and organometallic compounds (1982)

Abstract The interaction of Ni[P(OR) 3 ] 4 (R = C 2 H 5 or C 6 H 5 ) with chlorinated rubber (CR) of CCl 4 is studied. The results of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by the system CR or CCl 4 Ni[P(OR) 3 ] 4 depend on the order in which the reagents are introduced. Trialkylphosphite, tetrakis(trialkylphosphite) nickel and the products resulting from the reaction of CCl 4 or CR with Ni[P(OR) 3 ] 4 are characterized by 31 P NMR. From this study, it appears that the initiation of polymerization by the system chlorinated compound‐nickel derivative does not involve the formation of free phosphite, which is at variance with previously reported assumption. 1 H NMR study supports these results.
Anomalous Target<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math>Dependence of Double to Single<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:math>-Shell Vacancy Production in Cl-Beam X Rays (1973)

We have measured $X$ rays from 30-MeV Cl beams on various solid targets between carbon and copper. The ratio of double $K$-shell to single $K$-shell vacancy production in Cl exhibits a broad peak near $Z=20$ (Ca). This behavior is not predicted by Coulomb ionization. This peaking is examined using a molecular-orbital mechanism. To explain the results both $K$-shell electrons must be promoted to the vacant orbitals of the Cl beam. This is the first evidence of double $K$-shell promotion.
CHARMONIUM POLARIZATION AT THE TEVATRON (2001)

The current issues on the polarization of prompt J/ψ at the Tevatron is discussed. The prediction based on the nonrelativistic QCD factorization approach agrees with measurements from the CDF collaboration at intermediate values of p T , but disagrees at the large values of p T measured.
Angiotensin II, adhesion, and cardiac fibrosis (2000)

Angiotensin II (AII) plays a critical role in cardiac remodeling. This peptide promotes cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibroblast interstitial fibrotic changes associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, post myocardial infarction remodeling and congestive heart failure. AII mediates cardiac myocyte hypertrophy directly via induction of immediate early genes through a MAP kinase dependent pathway. In addition, it mediates cardiac hypertrophy indirectly by stimulating release of norepinephrine from cardiac nerve endings and endothelin from endothelial cells. AII also has multiple effects on cardiac fibroblasts: it induces cardiac fibroblast proliferation, synthesis and secretion of adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins, and expression of integrin adhesion receptors. In addition it stimulates cardiac fibroblasts to adhere more vigorously to defined matrixes. This review will discuss the molecular pathways that have been implicated in these AII induced effects in the cardiac fibroblast.
Infectious Mononucleosis (2010)

Abstract Infectious mononucleosis is an acute self‐limiting disease caused by an orally transmitted herpesvirus, Epstein–Barr virus . The disease typically involves fever, enlarged lymph glands and malaise, with elevated blood lymphocyte counts that reflect an exaggerated cellular immune response to the infection. Epstein–Barr virus is widespread in all human populations and is most often acquired asymptomatically in infancy. However, in affluent societies, primary infection can be delayed until the second or third decade, when 25–50% of those involved may develop symptoms. Hence infectious mononucleosis is typically a disease affecting adolescents or young adults in the Western world. Almost all patients recover completely within a few weeks but rare cases with persistent, even fatal, symptoms do occur and involve those with a pre‐existing immune defect or rare individuals where the virus infection spreads into atypical cell types. There is no obvious association between this virus and so‐called chronic fatigue syndrome. Key concepts: Infectious mononucleosis is caused by Epstein–Barr virus , an orally transmitted human herpesvirus that is common in all human populations. Most individuals acquire Epstein–Barr virus asymptomatically early in life, then carry the virus for life without undue effect. Only when primary infection has been delayed until adolescence or young adulthood is there a substantial risk of mononucleosis developing; hence, the disease is largely confined to affluent societies where delayed infection is more common. Infectious mononucleosis is self‐limiting and ‘immunopathological’ in nature: that is, the symptoms (fever and malaise) are caused not by the virus infection per se, but by the patient mounting an exaggerated cellular immune response to that infection. Most (but not all) cases with the relevant clinical symptoms and large numbers of atypical mononuclear cells in the blood will be Epstein–Barr virus ‐related; however, definite diagnosis requires serological testing for IgM antibodies to Epstein–Barr virus . Cases where severe disease symptoms persist are extremely rare and involve either patients with a pre‐existing immune defect or individuals where the virus infection has spread into atypical cell types. A history of proven infectious mononucleosis brings with it an increased risk of subsequently developing another Epstein–Barr virus ‐associated disease, Hodgkin lymphoma.
Create a Manual Chinese Word Segmentation Dataset Using Crowdsourcing Method (2015)

The manual Chinese word segmentation dataset WordSegCHC 1.0 which was built by eight crowdsourcing tasks conducted on the Crowdflower platform contains the manual word segmentation data of 152 Chinese sentences whose length ranges from 20 to 46 characters without punctuations. All the sentences received 200 segmentation responses in their corresponding crowdsourcing tasks and the numbers of valid response of them range from 123 to 143 (each sentence was segmented by more than 120 subjects). We also proposed an evaluation method called manual segmentation error rate (M SER) to evaluate the dataset; the M SER of the dataset is proved to be very low which indicates reliable data quality. In this work, we applied the crowdsourcing method to Chinese word segmentation task and the results confirmed again that the crowdsourcing method is a promising tool for linguistic data collection; the framework of crowdsourcing linguistic data collection used in this work can be reused in similar tasks; the resultant dataset filled a gap in Chinese language resources to the best of our knowledge, and it has potential applications in the research of word intuition of Chinese speakers and Chinese language processing.
Anti-TNF-α therapy in ankylosing spondylitis (2004)

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a frequent disease leading to functional impairment and socioeconomic burden. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy has brought new perspectives in this condition. Two agents are currently used in the treatment of AS and spondyloarthropathies - infliximab (a chimeric monoclonal antibody) and etanercept (a soluble p75 TNF-receptor). Open-label studies have shown the feasibility and efficacy of these drugs. Controlled studies have confirmed the latter, at least in the short-term (1 year). Improvement in several clinical parameters, function, quality of life, biological parameters and magnetic resonance imaging acute inflammation, have been observed. Due to these favourable results, anti-TNF have been approved for the treatment of AS. However, there are some safety concerns, essentially involving infection. Consensus guidelines for the use of anti-TNF in AS are available and assessment is based on validated tools. However, some questions still remain unanswered, such as the long-term efficacy and safety of anti-TNF, the possibility of structural benefit and the cost-effectiveness. Despite these concerns, Anti-TNF represents a major therapeutic advancement in the treatment of AS.
Identification and Characterization of RbmA, a Novel Protein Required for the Development of Rugose Colony Morphology and Biofilm Structure in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (2006)

Phase variation between smooth and rugose colony variants of Vibrio cholerae is predicted to be important for the pathogen's survival in its natural aquatic ecosystems. The rugose variant forms corrugated colonies, exhibits increased levels of resistance to osmotic, acid, and oxidative stresses, and has an enhanced capacity to form biofilms. Many of these phenotypes are mediated in part by increased production of an exopolysaccharide termed VPS. In this study, we compared total protein profiles of the smooth and rugose variants using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified one protein that is present at a higher level in the rugose variant. A mutation in the gene encoding this protein, which does not have any known homologs in the protein databases, causes cells to form biofilms that are more fragile and sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate than wild-type biofilms. The results indicate that the gene, termed rbmA (rugosity and biofilm structure modulator A), is required for rugose colony formation and biofilm structure integrity in V. cholerae. Transcription of rbmA is positively regulated by the response regulator VpsR but not VpsT.
Engineering DNA-Mediated Colloidal Crystallization (2006)

DNA is a powerful and versatile tool for nanoscale self-assembly. Several researchers have assembled nanoparticles and colloids into a variety of structures using the sequence-specific binding properties of DNA. Until recently, however, all of the reported structures were disordered, even in systems where ordered colloidal crystals might be expected. We detail the experimental approach and surface preparation that we used to form the first DNA-mediated colloidal crystals, using 1 mum diameter polystyrene particles. Control experiments based on the depletion interaction clearly indicate that two standard methods for grafting biomolecules to colloidal particles (biotin/avidin and water-soluble carbodiimide) do not lead to ordered structures, even when blockers are employed that yield nominally stable, reversibly aggregating dispersions. In contrast, a swelling/deswelling-based method with poly(ethylene glycol) spacers resulted in particles that readily formed ordered crystals. The sequence specificity of the interaction is demonstrated by the crystal excluding particles bearing a noninteracting sequence. The temperature dependence of gelation and crystallization agree well with a simple thermodynamic model and a more detailed model of the effective colloidal pair interaction potential. We hypothesize that the surfaces yielded by the first two chemistries somehow hinder the particle-particle rolling required for annealing ordered structures, while at the same time not inducing a significant mean-force interaction that would alter the self-assembly phase diagram. Finally, we observe that particle crystallization kinetics become faster as the grafted-DNA density is increased, consistent with the particle-particle binding process being reaction, rather than diffusion limited.
Engagement-based Multi-party Dialog with a Humanoid Robot (2011)

When a robot is situated in an environment containing multiple possible interaction partners, it has to make decisions about when to engage specific users and how to detect and react appropriately to actions of the users that might signal the intention to interact. In this demonstration we present the integration of an engagement model in an existing dialog system based on interaction patterns. As a sample scenario, this enables the humanoid robot Nao to play a quiz game with multiple participants.
Dutch-Roll Limit-Cycle Oscillations Suppress Using Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control (2003)

Dutch-roll limit-cycle oscillation control is an important objective for aircraft that need to fly and maneuver at a high angle of attack (AOA). A fuzzy sliding- mode control scheme is proposed to suppress Dutch-roll limit-cycle oscillations for a slender-wing aircraft at a high AOA. The proposed control scheme combines the advantages of fuzzy logic control and sliding mode control. Simulation results show that the fuzzy sliding-mode scheme can suppress the Dutch-roll limit-cycle oscillation with complete and fast control performance in big initial angles.
<title>Improved method for automatic identification of lung regions in chest radiographs</title> (2000)

An algorithm is developed for fast, accurate identification of lung fields in chest radiographs for use in various computer- aided diagnosis (CAD) schemes. The method we presented simplifies the current approach of edge detection from derivatives by using only the first derivative of the profiles of each image, and combining it with pattern classification and image feature analysis in determining both the region of interest (ROI) and the actual lung boundaries. Moreover, instead of using the traditional curve fitting to delineate the detected lung field, we applied an iterative contour smoothing algorithm to each of the four detected boundary segments (lateral, medial, top and diaphragm edges) to form a closed smooth boundary for each lung. These improvements result in dramatic reduction of the running time and more accurate boundary detection, especially the diaphragm edges. The proposed algorithm has been tested with 40 posterior- anterior (PA) chest images. The detected left and right lung fields have an averaged accuracy of over 95%.
T-CVAE: Transformer-Based Conditioned Variational Autoencoder for Story Completion (2019)

Story completion is a very challenging task of generating the missing plot for an incomplete story, which requires not only understanding but also inference of the given contextual clues. In this paper, we present a novel conditional variational autoencoder based on Transformer for missing plot generation. Our model uses shared attention layers for encoder and decoder, which make the most of the contextual clues, and a latent variable for learning the distribution of coherent story plots. Through drawing samples from the learned distribution, diverse reasonable plots can be generated. Both automatic and manual evaluations show that our model generates better story plots than state-of-the-art models in terms of readability, diversity and coherence.
Voltage divider based on submicron slits in a high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> superconducting film and two bicrystal grain boundaries (1995)

Experiments on a model of rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) flip-flop cell, based on high-Tc (HTS) Josephson junctions show that it can operate as a voltage divider at frequency up to 400 GHz. The junctions were formed in YBaCuO film, deposited on novel Y–ZrO2 bicrystals with two asymmetric 32° grain boundaries, about 10 μm apart, and allow a new design of RSFQ logic based on a single HTS layer. Small inductances (≂10 pH) were made as narrow, submicron size slits. The junction widths were between 4 and 10 μm and for ten junctions located close to the tested circuits, the linear critical current densities at T=4.4 K were 10.7 μA/μm±50% for one grain boundary and 8.3 μA/μm±50% for the other one. IcRn was about 1 mV±50%. A current density of half the expected value meant that the test circuit did not act as an ideal flip–flop down to the lowest frequency. As a voltage divider it gave a half value division up to 0.82 mV at T=4.4 K and to 0.4 mV at 30 K.