gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid crystal beam shaping devices employing patterned photoalignment layers for high-peak-power laser applications (2011)

Optical elements with spatially varying transmission are required for laser engineering and imaging systems. Although refractive systems can transform the Gaussian energy distribution of a laser beam into a "top-hat" distribution, they lack the versatility to produce the more-complex and precise intensity distributions required for high-peak-power laser systems such as the OMEGA and OMEGA EP Laser Systems at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics and the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Previously, distributions of opaque metal pixels on a transparent glass substrate have been used for such beam-shaping efforts, but laser-damage thresholds of the order of 200-700 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> in the nanosecond regime limit their applicability. By applying photolithographic patterning of coumarin-based photoalignment layers using polarized UV light to generate spatially varying molecular orientation in a nematic liquid crystal (LC) device, we have developed and demonstrated highresolution beam-shaper devices for such high-peak-power laser applications in the near-IR region. Operating at 1054 nm, these devices demonstrated a contrast ratio ranging from 280:1 to 540:1, a pixel size of 10 m with an interpixel resolution of 1.7 μm, and laser-damage resistance ranging from 20 to 40 J/cm<sup>2</sup> at 1054 nm (1-ns pulse width) using a 10-μm layer of commercially available nematic LC materials. Coupled with the ability to generate an almost infinite variety of binary and gray-scale apodization and beam-shaping profiles by the photoalignment process, the high laser-damage threshold of these devices makes them attractive and useful tools for a multitude of laser applications.
Tropane alkaloids (1994)

G. Fodor and R. Dharanipragada, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1994, 11, 443 DOI: 10.1039/NP9941100443
Pyrotechnic Countermeasures: II. Advanced Aerial Infrared Countermeasures (2006)

Abstract This paper discusses the technology of advanced aerial infrared countermeasures and related work disclosed in the unclassified literature. Missile‐seeker head counter‐countermeasures include spectral discrimination, kinematical discrimination, rise‐time discrimination, UV/VIS discrimination and area temperature matching. Advanced flare payloads designed to counter dual color seekers contain selectively emitting compositions based primarily on high carbon fuels and perchlorates. Other advanced payloads consist of low temperature emitters like pyrophoric metal foils and gasless pyrotechnic compositions like Fe/KClO 4 . The optimization of black body flares, still considered essential to a successful countermeasure solution, make use of new fuels based on e.g. meta‐stable alloys and nanometer‐sized powders as well as high energetic oxidizers. Kinematic flares today use combined propellant and infrared grains. 116 references from the public domain are given. For part I see Ref. [1].
Change Detection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images for Progress Monitoring of Road Construction (2021)

Currently, unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly being used in various construction projects such as housing developments, road construction, and bridge maintenance. If a drone is used at a road construction site, elevation information and orthoimages can be generated to acquire the construction status quantitatively. However, the detection of detailed changes in the site owing to construction depends on visual video interpretation. This study develops a method for automatic detection of the construction area using multitemporal images and a deep learning method. First, a deep learning model was trained using images of the changing area as reference. Second, we obtained an effective application method by applying various parameters to the deep learning process. The application of the time-series images of a construction site to the selected deep learning model enabled more effective identification of the changed areas than the existing pixel-based change detection. The proposed method is expected to be very helpful in construction management by aiding in the development of smart construction technology.
Lumbar Posterolateral Fusion with Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic (2001)

The authors conducted a retrospective observational study of patients who needed lumbar posterolateral fusion (PLF) using a biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic implant as a substitute for bone graft. The findings of clinical, radiographic, and histologic examinations were reviewed. Thirty-two patients underwent single-level PLF with instrumentation. In all cases, to decrease the occurrence of donor-site complications and morbidity, locally harvested morselized bone from the decompressive site was mixed with hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate (HAP-TCP) granules and sticks and used for fusion at the posterolateral aspect of the lumbar spine. The histologic findings of three biopsy specimens obtained during second operations for metallic implant removal were reviewed. The minimum follow-up period was 26 months. There was no evidence of instrument loosening or breakage. However, bone-graft incorporation was difficult to evaluate radiographically, because image quality was inferior to that with conventional autogenous iliac bone graft. Partial graft bone resorption was revealed on radiographs in 75% of cases. The results showed clinical improvement in all but one case. Solid fusion was observed during the second operation in all three cases. Histologic analysis showed excellent bone incorporation around the HAP-TCP granules. These findings suggest that, although the bulk of the fusion mass with HAP-TCP was smaller than that with autogenous bone, this technique combined with rigid instrumentation is a safe and effective procedure.
Endometrial Polyps in Postmenopausal Patients Receiving Tamoxifen (1989)

The histologic features of an endometrial polyp include irregular, often dilated glands, thick-walled blood vessels, and a fibrotic stroma. Such polyps may be responsive to some chemotherapeutic drugs that can exert hormonal effects. We report on endometrial polyps detected in three postmenopausal patients who were receiving tamoxifen for treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. The clinical presentation in all cases was vaginal bleeding and all had documented uterine enlargement suggestive of an intrauterine malignancy. The polyps were large, measuring up to 9 cm in largest diameter. On histologic examination each polyp had extensive cystic glandular hyperplasia. In one case foci of atypical epithelial proliferation and predecidualization were noted. The atypical proliferation suggested a borderline neoplastic process and was strongly positive for carcinoembryonic antigen. These findings underscore the marked proliferative changes that can be induced in endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women receiving hormonally active chemotherapeutic agents.
Dynamic detection of anomalies in crowd's behavior analysis (2015)

The analysis of the human behavior from video is a wide field of the vision by computer. In this work we are interested in the analysis of the crowd behavior and its entities in a dense scene. These scenes are characterized by the presence of a great number of people in the camera's field of vision. A major problem is the development of an autonomous approach for the management of a great number of anomalies which is almost impossible to carry out by operators. We present in this paper a new approach for the anomalies detection very dense scenes relaying on the speed of both the individuals and the whole group. The various anomalies are detected by switching in a dynamic way between two approaches: the artificial neurons networks “ANN” for the management of group anomalies of people, and the Density Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise “DBSCAN” in the case of entities. For more robustness and effectiveness, we introduced two routines that serve to eliminate the shades and the management of occlusions.
III.—Cannabinol. Part I (1899)

T. B. Wood, W. T. N. Spivey and T. H. Easterfield, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1899, 75, 20 DOI: 10.1039/CT8997500020
Microbial Systems and Directed Evolution of Protein Activities (1994)

Recent advances in recombinant DNA methodology have had an important impact on the capacity to manipulate protein-coding sequences. The appearance of new, powerful screening systems completes a scenario for conducting directed evolution experiments. We review here some of the latest developments in experimental approaches to directed evolution, utilizing microbial systems. These include phage display, surface display, operator-repressor systems, and novel mutagenesis approaches. We also highlight the achievements and limitations of current methodologies. We present strategies used by our own group that permitted isolation of specificity mutants of beta-lactamase. Possible improvements for the future of the variation-selection approach to the study and manipulation of proteins are presented.
Hybrid evolutionary algorithms for a multiobjective financial problem (2002)

We examine the use of numeric score functions that allow one to rank order a universe of stocks based on profitability. We use a genetic algorithm to evolve sets of 'implicit-positive' binary classification rules. Using each rule set, we induce a scoring model by weighting the individual terms in a representation of the rule in terms of binary variables. We report on the empirical performance of the proposed family of scoring algorithms on several large historical stock data sets. We also compare our approach with a polynomial network technique.
Light-induced ultracold spin-exchange collisions (2000)

We study collisional loss rates due to spin-exchange collisions in very-low-intensity ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ magneto-optical traps. The loss rate exhibits an unpredicted intensity dependence for low intensities, accounting for a large disparity between loss rates observed in light-force traps and magnetically confined Bose condensates. Possible collision mechanisms considered include light-altered collision phase shifts, flux enhancement, and excited-state hyperfine changing collisions.
New Method of Measuring Reverberation Time (1965)

A new method of measuring reverberation time is described. The method uses tone bursts (or filtered pistol shots) to excite the enclosure. A simple integral over the tone-burst response of the enclosure yields, in a single measurement, the ensemble average of the decay curves that would be obtained with bandpass-filtered noise as an excitation signal. The smooth decay curves resulting from the new method improve the accuracy of reverberation-time measurements and facilitate the detection of nonexponential decays.
The Absence of <i>Candida albicans</i> in Milk Samples of Women with Clinical Symptoms of Ductal Candidiasis (2009)

These data suggest that C. albicans is not present in milk ducts and may not be associated with this syndrome.
A voltage‐clamp analysis of inward (anomalous) rectification in mouse spinal sensory ganglion neurones. (1983)

Mouse embryo dorsal root ganglion neurones were grown in tissue culture and voltage-clamped with two micro-electrodes. Hyperpolarizing voltage commands from holding potentials of -50 to -60 mV evoked slow inward current relaxations which were followed by inward tail currents on repolarization to the holding potential. These relaxations are due to the presence of a time- and voltage-dependent conductance provisionally termed Gh. Gh activates over the membrane potential range -60 to -120 mV. The presence of Gh causes time-dependent rectification in the current-voltage relationship measured between -60 and -120 mV. Gh does not inactivate within this range and thus generates a steady inward current at hyperpolarized membrane potentials. The current carried by Gh increases when the extracellular K+ concentration is raised, and is greatly reduced in Na+-free solutions. Current-voltage plots show considerably less inward rectification in Na+-free solution; conversely inward rectification is markedly enhanced when the extracellular K+ concentration is raised. The reversal potential of Ih is close to -30 mV in media of physiological composition. Tail-current measurement suggests that Ih is a mixed Na+-K+ current. Low concentrations of Cs+ reversibly block Ih and produce outward rectification in the steady-state current-voltage relationship recorded between membrane potentials of -60 and -120 mV. Cs+ also reversibly abolishes the sag and depolarizing overshoot that distort hyperpolarizing electrotonic potentials recorded in current-clamp experiments. Impermeant anion substitutes reversibly block Ih; this block is different from that produced by Cs+ or Na+-free solutions: Cs+ produces outward rectification in the steady-state current-voltage relationship recorded over the Ih activation range; in Na+-free solutions inward rectification, of reduced amplitude, can still be recorded since Ih is a mixed Na+-K+ current; in anion-substituted solutions the current-voltage relationship becomes approximately linear. It is concluded that in dorsal root ganglion neurones anomalous rectification is generated by the time-and voltage-dependent current Ih. The possible function of Ih in sensory neurones is discussed.
Labels and event processes in the Asbestos operating system (2007)

Asbestos, a new operating system, provides novel labeling and isolation mechanisms that help contain the effects of exploitable software flaws. Applications can express a wide range of policies with Asbestos's kernel-enforced labels, including controls on interprocess communication and system-wide information flow. A new event process abstraction defines lightweight, isolated contexts within a single process, allowing one process to act on behalf of multiple users while preventing it from leaking any single user's data to others. A Web server demonstration application uses these primitives to isolate private user data. Since the untrusted workers that respond to client requests are constrained by labels, exploited workers cannot directly expose user data except as allowed by application policy. The server application requires 1.4 memory pages per user for up to 145,000 users and achieves connection rates similar to Apache, demonstrating that additional security can come at an acceptable cost.
Colchicine kinetics in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (1980)

Serum colchicine levels were determined by radioimmunoassay after a 1-mg bolus injected intravenously in 4 patients with familial Mediterranean fever and in 6 normal subjects. Mean elimination half-life (t1/2) (+/- SEM) was 157 +/- 20 min in the patients and 65 +/- 15 min in the normal subjects (p less than 0.005). Total clearance was 239 +/- 50 ml/min in the patients and 601 +/- 155 ml/min in the normal subjects (p less than 0.05). Volume of distribution (Vdarea) was 76 +/- 16 and 49 +/- 91 and did not differ significantly. In 8 patients receiving colchicine prophylactically with good clinical response, serum colchicine ranged from 0.3 to 2.4 ng/ml after daily doses of 1 mg orally. In 2 responding patients 2-mg doses orally induced levels from 4 to 10 ng/ml, and in one (a nonresponder) a 3-mg dose induced levels of 7.5 to 13 ng/ml. Of 3 patients receiving 2 mg daily with unsatisfactory clinical responses, serum levels were not detectable in one and in the low range of 1.5 to 5.4 ng/ml in the others. It is suggested that lack of response to colchicine orally in some nonresponders could result from inadequate absorption or altered disposition of colchicine.
OBP fused with cell-penetrating peptides promotes liposomal transduction (2017)

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been applied as novel transport systems with the ability to facilitate the delivery of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides into cells. Herein, we designed different fusion proteins composed by pig odorant binding protein (OBP-I) and three CPPs, namely Tat, pVEC and Pep-1. A new methodology using liposomes as reservoirs and OBP:CPPs as carriers was developed as an advanced system to capture odorant molecules. 1-aminoanthracene (1-AMA) was used as a model molecule to evaluate the transduction ability of OBP:CPPs into the reservoirs. The transduction efficiency was dependent on the initial capacity of OBP:CPPs to bind 1-AMA and on the penetration of liposomes promoted by the CPPs. An encapsulation efficiency of 42% was obtained with OBP:Tat fusion protein. The presence of Tat peptide increased the 1-AMA transduction of 1.3 and 2.5 fold compared with Pep-1 and pVEC, respectively. This work expands the application of OBPs and CPPs on the design of promising capture and delivery systems for textile and cosmetic applications.
Programmed death 1 expression during antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B: Impact of hepatitis B e-antigen seroconversion (2008)

These results demonstrate that in chronic HBV infection, both viremia levels and HBeAg drive PD-1 expression and resulting T-cell impairment. Treatment-induced suppression of HBV replication reduces PD-1 expression; however, additional immunotherapeutic interventions are needed for restoration of T-cell functions.
SUSTAINABLE ANTIMICROBIAL FINISHING OF FABRICS USING NATURAL BIOACTIVE AGENTS - A REVIEW (2018)

Antimicrobial textiles have gained much attention and popularity in the market and in day- to-day life during the last two decades. The textile industries continue to introduce different methods in their production to enhance the quality of their products and to satisfy their customers. Increased competition in the industry has lead to the development of different synthetic antimicrobial agents. Though these synthetic agents are used widely, they pose a threat to both the users and the environment. Taking into consideration these threatening issues, several environmental bodies have implemented rules in the use of synthetic agents. On the contrary, the natural antimicrobial agents which have less adverse effect on humans and are eco friendly, are gaining much attention. Several natural agents such as basil (active agent is eugenol), neem (active limnoids like azadirachtin, nimbinin), turmeric (curcumin), clove oil, chitosan, sercin, onion, aloevera and pomegranate have antimicrobial properties. This review paper highlights the different natural antimicrobial sources, their effect on public and the possibilities of using these agents in textiles to impart antimicrobial properties and to develop different products.
L-Asparaginase Production by the Rumen Anaerobe <i>Vibrio succinogenes</i> (1974)

The rumen anaerobe Vibrio succinogenes possesses a constitutive L-asparaginase. The amount of enzyme produced is affected by the compound supplied to the organism to generate the fumaric acid it requires as a terminal electron acceptor. When nitrate is provided as the terminal electron acceptor, the amount of enzyme produced is affected by the compound provided to satisfy the nutritional requirement of the organism for succinic acid. Specific activities of up to 8.4 IU/mg of protein in cell-free extracts have been obtained. This specific activity is higher than has been previously reported for any organism. The enzyme has an apparent K(m) of 1.7 x 10(-5) M and low activity towards L-glutamine when assayed at pH 8.5.
Meta-analysis derived atopic dermatitis (MADAD) transcriptome defines a robust AD signature highlighting the involvement of atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism pathways (2015)

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with limited treatment options. Several microarray experiments have been conducted on lesional/LS and non-lesional/NL AD skin to develop a genomic disease phenotype. Although these experiments have shed light on disease pathology, inter-study comparisons reveal large differences in resulting sets of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), limiting the utility of direct comparisons across studies.
Micro-hybrid vehicle supplied by a multi-source storage system (battery and supercapacitors): optimal power management (2014)

International audience
The Optimal Energy Density of Electrochemical Capacitors Using Two Different Electrodes (2004)

Formulas describing the energy density of electrochemical capacitors, which consist of two different capacitive electrodes, were derived. From these formulas, optimal mass ratio of two electrodes and the maximum energy density of the capacitor can be obtained based on the oxidation and reduction current densities of positive and negative electrodes, respectively, from cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurements. For some practical systems, including activated carbon in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes, anhydrous and hydrous ruthenium oxides in aqueous electrolyte, it was calculated numerically that the maximum energy density at the optimal mass ratio was only a fractional percentage higher than those with two identical electrodes. A relationship of the maximum energy density to the ratio of two electrodes' masses and the ratio of oxidation and reduction currents was developed. It was determined that the energy density is insensitive to the mass ratio of two electrodes. For example, when the current density ratios of two electrodes are 2 and 4, the maximum energy densities at optimal mass ratio are only 3 and 11% greater than those with identical electrodes, respectively. However, it was determined that the energy density estimation based on CV curves is sensitive to the potential range of CV measurements. The actual energy density of a capacitor made with activated carbon and aqueous electrolyte is only 42% of the energy density estimated based on the CV curve in whole-range potential. The effects of electrolyte mass and operational voltage to the optimal mass ratio and the maximum energy density are also discussed. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
CD47 is a negative regulator of intestinal epithelial cell self-renewal following DSS-induced experimental colitis (2020)

CD47 deficient mice are resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. The underlying mechanism, however, remains incompletely understood. In this study, we characterized the role of CD47 in modulating homeostasis of gastrointestinal tract. We found that CD47 expression in both human and mouse intestinal epithelium was upregulated in colitic condition compared to that under normal condition. In line with this, CD47 deficiency protected mice from DSS-induced colitis. Analysis based on both intestinal organoid and cultured cell assays showed that CD47 deficiency accelerated intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, western blot and functional assays indicated that CD47 deficiency promoting mouse intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and migration follow cell injury is likely through upregulating expression of four Yamanaka transcriptional factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc (OSKM in abbreviation). Our studies thus reveal CD47 as a negative regulator in intestinal epithelial cell renewal during colitis through downregulating OSKM transcriptional factors.