gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Architecture for Multimedia Distribution Based on Content-Aware Networking (2010)

This paper proposes a novel virtual Content-Aware Network (CAN) layer as a part of a full layered architecture, focused, but not limited to, on multimedia distribution with Quality of Services (QoS) assurance. The overall system is based on a flexible cooperation between providers, operators and end-users, enabling users to access the offered multimedia services in various contexts and also to become private content providers. The paper introduces the main concepts and architecture for the main virtual network layer (i.e., CAN), exposing its role and interfaces among overall system layers. This work is a part of the starting effort inside of a new European FP7 ICT research project, ALICANTE.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of a C1‐C8 Lactone Fragment (VI) of Discodermolide (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Monoclonal antibody to a triggering structure expressed on rat natural killer cells and adherent lymphokine-activated killer cells. (1989)

To study the cellular structures involved in NK and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell function, we have produced a panel of mAbs that modulate the cytolytic function of a population of cells with LAK activity that derive from large granular lymphocyte (LGL)/NK cells (adherent LAK [A-LAK] cells). In this report, we describe an mAb (3.2.3; IgG1k) that recognizes a triggering structure that is expressed on rat LGL/NK cells and A-LAK cells. This epitope is also expressed on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The expression of the epitope identified by mAb 3.2.3 increased progressively on A-LAK cells after culture in the presence of rIL-2. mAb 3.2.3 enhanced the cytolytic activity of NK and A-LAK cells against FcR+ target cells, but not FcR- target cells. However, this effect was not induced by F(ab')2 fragments of 3.2.3. This antibody also induced the release of N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine thiobenzy esteresterase by A-LAK cells. These data suggest that the epitope identified by mAb 3.2.3 is on a triggering structure expressed on rat NK cells and A-LAK cells. The expression of the epitope recognized by mAb 3.2.3 on LGL/NK cells and PMN suggests that this structure may be analogous to that identified by the anti-CD16 (-FcR) mAbs. However, the molecule immunoprecipitated by mAb 3.2.3 was a 60-kD dimer composed of two 30-kD chains. These data suggest that mAb 3.2.3 recognizes a unique triggering structure. As mAb 3.2.3 is the first antibody recognizing a determinant with functional significance, selectively expressed on both rat NK cells and A-LAK cells, it will be a useful tool for the study of NK cell ontogeny and function, and the development of cells with LAK activity from the NK cell compartment.
Schottky Barrier Controlled Conduction in Poly-Si TFTs With Metal Source and Drain (2013)

Two types of poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) with the source (S) and drain (D) regions replaced by Al-metal-replaced junction TFT and self-aligned metal electrode (SAME) TFT-are characterized. Their IV characteristics are explained with a unified transport model based on the Schottky barriers at channel ends. Channel current is the sum of hole- and electron-current, which are limited by carrier injection via thermal emission or tunneling across the hole- and electron-barrier formed between poly-Si channel and metal S/D, respectively. The observed temperature dependence of transfer characteristics agrees well with the model. For SAME TFTs, barrier height of carrier transport is found to be modulated by a doped interfacial layer between the intrinsic poly-Si channel and Al electrodes at channel ends. By modulating the hole- and electron-barrier, three different types of device behaviors, such as p-type, n-type, and ambipolar TFTs can be obtained. Correlation between the doping effect and subthreshold swing and ON-state current, as well as channel length-dependent characteristics, are revealed.
Cyclic fatigue resistance of newly manufactured rotary nickel titanium instruments used in different rotational directions (2012)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether cyclic fatigue resistance is increased for nickel titanium instruments manufactured with improved heating processes in clockwise or counterclockwise continuous rotation. The instruments compared were produced either using the R-phase heat treatment (K3XF; SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) or the M-wire alloy (ProFile Vortex; DENTSPLY Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA). Tests were performed with a specific cyclic fatigue device that evaluated cycles to failure of rotary instruments in curved artificial canals. Results indicated no significant difference in resistance to cyclic fatigue when rotary nickel titanium instruments are used in clockwise or counterclockwise continuous rotation. In both directions of rotation, size 04-25 K3XF showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the mean number of cycles to failure when compared with size 04-25 ProFile Vortex.
Body Contouring by Lipolysis (1983)

The concept of modifying the body contour with liposuction by developing numerous subcutaneous "tunnels" with subsequent homogeneous contractions of the overlying skin will add a new dimension to the plastic surgeon's armamentarium. Successful correction of these deformities can be obtained without a large amount of surgical undermining and skin resection and with minimal scar formation (Figs. 4 through 11).
Robust bi-stable memory operation in single-layer graphene ferroelectric memory (2011)

With the motivation of realizing an all graphene-based circuit for low power, we present a reliable nonvolatile graphene memory device, single-layer graphene (SLG) ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FFET). We demonstrate that exfoliated single-layer graphene can be optically visible on a ferroelectric lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) substrate and observe a large memory window that is nearly equivalent to the hysteresis of the PZT at low operating voltages in a graphene FFET. In comparison to exfoliated graphene, FFETs fabricated with chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene exhibit enhanced stability through a bi-stable current state operation with long retention time. In addition, we suggest that the trapping/de-trapping of charge carriers in the interface states is responsible for the anti-hysteresis behavior in graphene FFET on PZT.
Alignment procedure for the optimal fitting of lower limb prostheses (1986)

Systematic methods for optimizing the fitting and alignment of artificial legs were developed in this study. The procedures were based on gait analysis and included the following aspects: stump-prosthesis interface or socket geometry, the selection of components from which the artificial leg was constructed, and dynamic alignment of the prosthesis. The amputee's adaptation to deliberately imposed perturbations in his prosthesis, and the resulting compensatory mechanisms are also discussed.
Contactless Measurement of Resistivity of Slices of Semiconductor Materials (1967)

In this resistivity measurement, a pair of semicircular measuring electrodes is connected to a series or parallel resonance circuit composed of an inductance L and a variable capacitance C. A sample is coupled capacitively with the electrode with no direct contact. The authors' method is similar to the Q meter method in principle, but uses a comparative measurement. Some analyses of this method and the experimental results are reported: (1) the measurable range of resistivity is limited by an electrode structure and a frequency, (2) the resistivity measurement over a range as wide as 0.3 to 1500 Ω-cm can be carried out by using both the series and the parallel resonance circuits, (3) for a thin sample below 3 mm in thickness, the resistivity can be measured by using a calibration, (4) the influence of different surface treatments is not seen if the surface remains flat.
Nitrenes, Diradicals, and Ylides. Ring Expansion and Ring Opening in 2-Quinazolylnitrenes (2006)

Tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline (9) is converted to 2-azidoquinazoline (10) on sublimation at 200 degrees C and above, and the azide-tetrazole equilibrium is governed by entropy. 2-Quinazolylnitrenes 11 and 27 and/or their ring expansion products 14 and 29 can undergo type I (ylidic) and type II (diradicaloid) ring opening. Argon matrix photolysis of 9/10 affords 2-quinazolylnitrene (11), which has been characterized by ESR, UV, and IR spectroscopy. A minor amount of a second nitrene, formed by rearrangement or ring opening, is also observed. A diradical (19) is formed rapidly by type II ring opening and characterized by ESR spectroscopy; it decays thermally at 15 K with a half-life of ca. 47 min, in agreement with its calculated facile intersystem crossing (19T --> 19OSS) followed by facile cyclization/rearrangement to 1-cyanoindazole (21) (calculated activation barrier 1-2 kcal/mol) and N-cyanoanthranilonitrile (22). 21and 22 are the isolated end products of photolysis. 21 is also the end product of flash vacuum thermolysis. An excellent linear correlation between the zero-field splitting parameter D (cm(-1)) and the spin density rho on the nitrene N calculated at the B3LYP/EPRIII level is reported (R2 = 0.993 for over 100 nitrenes). Matrix photolysis of 3-phenyltetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline (25) affords the benzotriazacycloheptatetraene 29, which can be photochemically interconverted with the type I ring opening product 2-isocyano-alpha-diazo-alpha-phenyltoluene (33) as determined by IR and UV spectroscopy. The corresponding carbene 37, obtained by photolysis of 33, was detected by matrix ESR spectroscopy.
<title>Image Formation In Confocal Optical Systems</title> (1980)

Scanning image processing systems have the advantage that the image is in a form suitable for further electronic processing, and a particular class of these is the confocal scanning systems which exhibit superior imaging properties compared with conventional systems. Imaging is coherent thus allowing coherent processing to be performed with twice the spatial-frequency cut-off of a conventional processor. The point spread function is also sharper and the outer rings weak, resulting in a response to a step object without fringes. The important feature of the confocal system is that two lenses are involved in the imaging process. An arrangement in which the beam traverses the object more than once is therefore also discussed. This produces an extremely sharp point spread function and interesting optical properties.
Design and Implementation of Noble Metal Nanoparticle Cluster Arrays for Plasmon Enhanced Biosensing (2011)

Nanoparticle Cluster Arrays (NCAs) are a class of electromagnetic materials that comprise chemically defined nanoparticles assembled into clusters of defined size in an extended deterministic arrangement. NCAs are fabricated through integration of chemically synthesized building blocks into predefined patterns using a hybrid top-down/bottom-up fabrication approach that overcomes some of the limitations of conventional top-down fabrication methods with regard to minimum available feature size and structural complexity. NCAs can sustain near-field interactions between nanoparticles within individual clusters as well as between entire neighboring clusters. The availability of near-field interactions on multiple length scales - together with the ability to further enhance the coupled plasmon modes through photonic modes in carefully designed array morphologies - leads to a multiscale cascade electromagnetic field enhancement throughout the array. This feature article introduces the design and fabrication fundamentals of NCAs and characterizes the electromagnetic coupling mechanisms in the arrays. Furthermore, it reviews how the optical properties of NCAs can be tuned through the size and shape of the nanoparticle building blocks and the geometry, size, and separation of the assembled clusters. NCAs have potential applications in many different areas; this feature article focuses on plasmon enhanced biosensing and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), in particular.
An artificial visual pigment with restricted carbon-9-carbon-11 motion forms normal photolysis intermediates (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn artificial visual pigment with restricted carbon-9-carbon-11 motion forms normal photolysis intermediatesM. Sheves, A. Albeck, M. Ottolenghi, P. H. M. Bovee-Geurts, W. J. De Grip, C. M. Einterz, J. W. Lewis, L. E. Schaechter, and D. S. KligerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 20, 6440–6441Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00280a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00280a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three-dimensional structure of myosin subfragment-1: a molecular motor (1993)

Directed movement is a characteristic of many living organisms and occurs as a result of the transformation of chemical energy into mechanical energy. Myosin is one of three families of molecular motors that are responsible for cellular motility. The three-dimensional structure of the head portion of myosin, or subfragment-1, which contains both the actin and nucleotide binding sites, is described. This structure of a molecular motor was determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. The data provide a structural framework for understanding the molecular basis of motility.
An Overview of Polymer Resin Systems Deployed for Remedial Operations in Saudi Arabia (2017)

Abstract Gas migration through cement columns has been an industry challenge for many years. Formation gas/influx can migrate through the cement column resulting in gas being present at the surface. To overcome gas migration on existing wells, remedial jobs are executed, which requires detailed engineering and testing prior field deployment. The objective of this paper is to detail the effort and experimental work that took place to use different polymer resin systems in Saudi Arabia gas wells. The two polymer resin systems are differentiated by their main component, either epoxy resin or polyester resin. The epoxy resin system is prepared by mixing an epoxy resin with an aromatic amine curing agent while the polyester resin system is prepared by mixing polyester resin with norpol peroxide curing agent, filler, and silicon dioxide. This study is the first to assess the performance of two different types of polymer resin systems and evaluate their remedial operations according to the authors’ best knowledge. In addition, this paper discusses operational challenges that may occur when using each type of polymer resin system. Lab tests were conducted to measure the thickening time, the rheological properties, compressive strength, and limitations for each polymer resin system. The tests suggest that a maximum temperature of 225°F and 275°F should be maintained when using the epoxy and polyester polymer resin systems, respectively. Based on the study, the epoxy resin system is easier to control as it is composed of only two components unlike the polyester resin system, which is comprised of several components. The lab study suggests operational recommendations to increase the probability of success of the polymer resin systems.
Cell-Free Protein Synthesis From Fast-Growing Vibrio natriegens (2018)

<i>Vibrio natriegens</i> constitutes one of the fastest-growing nonpathogenic bacteria and a potential novel workhorse for many biotechnological applications. Here, we report the development of a <i>Vibrio</i>-based cell-free protein synthesis system (CFPS). Specifically, up to 0.4 g L<sup>-1</sup> eGFP could be successfully synthesized in small-scale batch reactions using cell-free extract obtained from fast-growing <i>V. natriegens</i> cultures. Versatile CFPS system characterization attained by combining the analyses of key metabolites for translation and ribosomes revealed limitations regarding rRNA stability and critical substrate consumption (e.g., amino acids). Alternatively, rRNA showed increased stability by inducing Mg<sup>2+</sup>homeostasis in the reaction. Although the enormous translation capacity of the CFPS system based on the available ribosome concentration could not yet be fully exploited, its potential was successfully demonstrated by activating an endogenous transcription unit with <i>V. natriegens</i>RNA polymerase (RNAP) for protein expression. This allowed the use of <i>in vitro</i> screening for promoter strength, a critical factor for efficient gene expression <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Three different promoters were tested and output signals corresponded well with the expected affinity for <i>V. natriegens</i> RNAP. This established CFPS toolbox may provide a foundation to establish <i>V. natriegens</i> as a valuable platform in biotechnology as well as synthetic biology.
Vitamin D3 attenuates Th2 responses to Aspergillus fumigatus mounted by CD4+ T cells from cystic fibrosis patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (2010)

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is caused by a dominant Th2 immune response to antigens derived from the opportunistic mold Aspergillus, most commonly Aspergillus fumigatus. It occurs in 4%-15% of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF); however, not all patients with CF infected with A. fumigatus develop ABPA. Therefore, we compared cohorts of A. fumigatus-colonized CF patients with and without ABPA to identify factors mediating tolerance versus sensitization. We found that the costimulatory molecule OX40 ligand (OX40L) was critical in driving Th2 responses to A. fumigatus in peripheral CD4+ T cells isolated from patients with ABPA. In contrast, CD4+ T cells from the non-ABPA cohort did not mount enhanced Th2 responses in vitro and contained a higher frequency of TGF-beta-expressing regulatory T cells. Heightened Th2 reactivity in the ABPA cohort correlated with lower mean serum vitamin D levels. Further, in vitro addition of 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 substantially reduced DC expression of OX40L and increased DC expression of TGF-beta. This in vitro treatment also resulted in increased Treg TGF-beta expression and reduced Th2 responses by CD4+ T cells from patients with ABPA. These data provide rationale for a therapeutic trial of vitamin D to prevent or treat ABPA in patients with CF.
Responses to Di-Sodium Guanosine 5′-Monophosphate and Monosodium <scp>l</scp> -Glutamate in Taste Receptor Cells of Rat Fungiform Papillae (2003)

The 5'-ribonucleotide guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) is used widely as an umami taste stimulus and a potent flavor enhancer as it synergistically increases the umami taste elicited by monosodium glutamate. Transduction mechanisms for GMP and its synergy with glutamate are largely unknown. Using whole-cell patch-clamp and Ca(2+) imaging, we examined responses to GMP, glutamate, and a mixture of GMP and glutamate in taste-receptor cells of rat fungiform papillae. Our electrophysiological results showed that GMP induces responses that are similar to those of glutamate, e.g., an outward current, an inward current, or a biphasic response. Our Ca(2+) imaging results showed that applications of GMP, glutamate, and the mixture increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels. Interestingly, both patch-clamp and Ca(2+) imaging showed that some taste cells can respond to GMP and glutamate independently, indicating that glutamate and GMP likely activate different receptors. Simultaneous application of GMP and glutamate resulted in synergistic responses in a subset of cells; both response intensity and number of responding cells were increased. Most responses to GMP, as well as the synergy between GMP and glutamate, were suppressed by 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo-cAMP) in patch-clamp recordings. Together, our results suggest that intracellular cAMP- and Ca(2+)-mediated pathways are involved in umami taste transduction for GMP and its synergistic responses with glutamate.
Disintegration of liquid sheets (1990)

The development, stability, and disintegration of liquid sheets issuing from a two-dimensional air-assisted nozzle have been studied. Detailed measurements of mean drop size (SMD) and velocity have been made using a phase Doppler particle analyzer. Without air flow the liquid sheet converges toward the axis as a result of surface tension forces. There is a linear increase in convergence length with increases in liquid flow rate. With air flow a quasi-two-dimensional expanding spray is formed. It is shown that the air flow is responsible for the formation of large, ordered, and small, chaotic ‘‘cell’’ structures. These structures are bounded by large diameter ligaments containing thin membranes inside. The ligaments are the origin of the large droplets in the spray and the membranes contribute to the formation of the smaller droplets. The air flow causes small variations in sheet thickness to develop into major disturbances with the result that disruption starts before the formation of the main breakup region. The phase Doppler measurements show that the spray two-dimensionality breaks down at a short distance from the nozzle in the downstream region. Boundary layer growth and turbulent mixing result in the redistribution of droplets according to their size class. The droplets detached from the central part of the sheet are subject to further breakup because of high local relative velocities. Droplets detached from the rims are outside the main air flow field and have diameters close to that of the rims. The spray acquires a Gaussian velocity profile in both the Y and Z directions.