gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A general preparative route to self-assembled monolayer surfaces of polypyridine ligands and their metal complexes (1992)

The in situ reaction of 4-methylpyridine, 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, or fac-Re(4,4′-dmbpy)(CO)3Cl with self-assembled surfaces derived from BrCH2[CH2]nSi(X)3(n= 2 or 7; X = Cl or OMe) in the presence of the strong base lithium diisopropylamide gives new films incorporating the ligands or Re complex.
Influence of Sn resonance states on the electrical homogeneity of Bi2Te3 single crystals (2000)

An unusually high homogeneity of electrical properties was found in Sn-doped Bi2Te3 single crystals. The Seebeck coefficient, which is sensitive to fluctuations in charge carrier concentration, remains unchanged even when the amount of introduced Sn impurity is increased. This fact is explained in terms of the model of resonance impurity states.
Fast-Dissolving Sublingual Films of Terbutaline Sulfate: Formulation and <i>In Vitro</i>/<i>In Vivo</i> Evaluation (2013)

Terbutaline sulfate fast dissolving sublingual films were prepared using seven drug compatible film formers in different combinations and proportions. The film polymers are maltodextrin, Na alginate, Carpabol 430, xanthan gum, HPMC E5, PVP K-25, and Na CMC. Propylene glycol and sorbitol were used as plasticizers and mannitol as filler. The optimum polymer concentrations and the plasticizer amount were selected on the basis of flexibility, tensile strength, and stickiness of the films. The prepared films were evaluated for their tensile strength, thickness uniformity, disintegration time (in vitro and in vivo), in vitro dissolution, and moisture content. Polymer type rather than total polymer concentration or plasticizer amount showed a significant effect on the tested film properties. A randomized, single dose, crossover study was conducted in four healthy volunteers to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of terbutaline sulfate from the prepared films and the conventional oral tablets. The film formula of choice gave a significantly faster drug absorption rate and recorded a relative bioavailability of 204.08%. Sublingual films could be promising as a convenient delivery system for terbutaline sulfate in patients with swallowing problems. The improved extent of absorption (higher AUC(0-24)) indicates success in improving drug bioavailability, and the faster absorption rate could be promising for the management of acute episodes of asthma.
Pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide protects the gastric mucosa but does not inhibit acid secretion or motility (1997)

The objectives of these studies were to examine whether the trefoil peptide porcine pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide (PSP) had gastric mucosal protectant properties similar to its human equivalent human spasmolytic polypeptide (hSP) and to confirm the antisecretory and antimotility action of the peptide. PSP and recombinant hSP reduced gastric mucosal damage caused by a combination of subcutaneous indomethacin and restraint stress in the conscious rat. At a dose of 500 micrograms/kg bolus plus 500 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 sc, PSP significantly reduced the total area of damage by 58%. PSP at a dose of 150 micrograms/kg iv had no inhibitory effect on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in the perfused stomachs of anesthetized rats. This lack of antisecretory activity was confirmed in vitro using an isolated stomach preparation from the immature rat. PSP and hSP at concentrations up to 800 nM did not inhibit electrically or chemically evoked contractions of the guinea pig ileum and duodenum in vitro. Thus antisecretory and antimotility actions do not underlie the mucosal protectant properties of PSP. PSP did, however, stimulate cell migration, and this may, at least in part, account for its protectant properties.
Tracking the fate of adoptively transferred myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the primary breast tumor microenvironment (2018)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid progenitor cells that are expanded in cancer and act as potent suppressors of the anti-tumor immune response. MDSCs consist of two major subsets, namely monocytic (M-) MDSCs and granulocytic (G-) MDSCs that differ with respect to their phenotype, morphology and mechanisms of suppression. Here, we cultured bone marrow cells with IL-6 and GM-CSF in vitro to generate a population of bone marrow MDSCs (BM-MDSCs) similar to G-MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice in regards to phenotype, morphology and suppressive-function. Through fluorescent labeling of these BM-MDSCs and optical imaging, we could visualize the recruitment and localization of BM-MDSCs in breast tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that BM-MDSCs home to primary and metastatic breast tumors, but have no significant effect on tumor growth or progression. Ex vivo flow cytometry characterization of BM-MDSCs after adoptive transfer demonstrated both organ-and tumor-specific effects on their phenotype and differentiation, demonstrating the importance of the local microenvironment on MDSC fate and function. In this study, we have developed a method to generate, visualize and detect BM-MDSCs in vivo and ex vivo through optical imaging and flow cytometry, in order to understand the organ-specific changes rendered to MDSCs in breast cancer.
Energy Efficient Resource Allocation for M2M Devices in 5G (2019)

Resource allocation for machine-type communication (MTC) devices is one of the keys challenges in the 5G network as it affects the lifetime of battery powered devices and also the quality of service of the applications. MTC devices are battery restrained and cannot afford a lot of power consumption due to spectrum usage. In this paper, we propose a novel resource allocation algorithm termed threshold controlled access (TCA) protocol. We propose a novel technique of uplink resource allocation in which the devices make a decision of resource allocation blocks based on their battery status and related application's power profile that eventually leads to required quality of service (QoS) metric. The first phase of the TCA algorithm selects the number of carriers to be allocated to a certain device for the better lifetime of low power MTC devices. In the second phase, the efficient solution is implemented through inducing a threshold value. A certain value of the threshold is selected through a mapping based on a QoS metric. The threshold enhances the selection of subcarriers for less powered devices, such as small e-health sensors. The algorithm is simulated for the physical layer of the 5G network. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is less complex and achieves better performance when compared to existing solutions in the literature.
Joint k-Coverage and Hybrid Forwarding in Duty-Cycled Three-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

While coverage and geographic forwarding in two- dimensional (2D) wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been well studied, three-dimensional (3D) WSNs have gained relatively less attention in the literature although real-world applications, such as underwater WSNs, require design in 3D instead of 2D space. Most of geographic forwarding protocols for 2D WSNs, however, assume that all sensors are always awake during forwarding. Such an assumption is not realistic for real-world applications, where sensors are duty-cycled to save energy. In this paper, we propose the first solution to the problem of geographic forwarding in duty-cycled 3D k-covered WSNs, where each point in a 3D field is covered by at least k sensors. First, we analyze the k-coverage problem in 3D WSNs and show that the extension of the analysis in 2D space to 3D space is not straightforward due to the inherent characteristics of the Reuleaux tetrahedron, and propose a new model that guarantees k-coverage for a 3D field. Then, we propose a distributed k-coverage protocol for 3D WSNs. Second, we design a hybrid forwarding protocol for duty-cycled 3D k-covered WSNs, which benefits from the advantages of both deterministic and opportunistic forwarding. Third, we relax some widely used assumptions to promote the use of our joint protocol in real-world scenarios. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our joint protocol. We find a close to perfect match between theoretical and simulation results.
Robotic space exploration agents (2017)

By making their own exploration decisions, robotic spacecraft can conduct traditional science investigations more efficiently and even achieve otherwise impossible observations, such as responding to a short-lived plume at a comet millions of miles from Earth.
mSin3A corepressor regulates diverse transcriptional networks governing normal and neoplastic growth and survival (2005)

mSin3A is a core component of a large multiprotein corepressor complex with associated histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymatic activity. Physical interactions of mSin3A with many sequence-specific transcription factors has linked the mSin3A corepressor complex to the regulation of diverse signaling pathways and associated biological processes. To dissect the complex nature of mSin3A's actions, we monitored the impact of conditional mSin3A deletion on the developmental, cell biological, and transcriptional levels. mSin3A was shown to play an essential role in early embryonic development and in the proliferation and survival of primary, immortalized, and transformed cells. Genetic and biochemical analyses established a role for mSin3A/HDAC in p53 deacetylation and activation, although genetic deletion of p53 was not sufficient to attenuate the mSin3A null cell lethal phenotype. Consistent with mSin3A's broad biological activities beyond regulation of the p53 pathway, time-course gene expression profiling following mSin3A deletion revealed deregulation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, DNA repair, apoptosis, chromatin modifications, and mitochondrial metabolism. Computational analysis of the mSin3A transcriptome using a knowledge-based database revealed several nodal points through which mSin3A influences gene expression, including the Myc-Mad, E2F, and p53 transcriptional networks. Further validation of these nodes derived from in silico promoter analysis showing enrichment for Myc-Mad, E2F, and p53 cis-regulatory elements in regulatory regions of up-regulated genes following mSin3A depletion. Significantly, in silico promoter analyses also revealed specific cis-regulatory elements binding the transcriptional activator Stat and the ISWI ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling factor Falz, thereby expanding further the mSin3A network of regulatory factors. Together, these integrated genetic, biochemical, and computational studies demonstrate the involvement of mSin3A in the regulation of diverse pathways governing many aspects of normal and neoplastic growth and survival and provide an experimental framework for the analysis of essential genes with diverse biological functions.
Idiotypic Cascades after Injection of the Monoclonal Antibody OC125: A Study in a Mouse Model. Induction of Antibodies against OC125 and CA 125 after Immunization with an Anti-CA 125 (MAb OC125) Monoclonal Antibody by Activation of the Idiotypic Network (1993)

By immunization of mice with the anti-CA 125 monoclonal antibody OC125, we tried to induce antibodies directed against the tumour-associated antigen CA125, via activation of the idiotypic network. Mice immunized by repeated administrations of F(ab')2-fragments of the OC125 antibody produced anti-idiotypic antibodies, imitating the original target antigen of the OC125. After induction of these anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2 beta) a murine IgG-anti-CA125 (Ab3) response was detected. The induction of idiotypic cascades offers the possibility of immunization against tumour-associated antigens, without using the original antigen and breaking antitumour tolerance.
Artificially Expanded Genetic Information Systems for New Aptamer Technologies (2018)

Directed evolution was first applied to diverse libraries of DNA and RNA molecules a quarter century ago in the hope of gaining technology that would allow the creation of receptors, ligands, and catalysts on demand. Despite isolated successes, the outputs of this technology have been somewhat disappointing, perhaps because the four building blocks of standard DNA and RNA have too little functionality to have versatile binding properties, and offer too little information density to fold unambiguously. This review covers the recent literature that seeks to create an improved platform to support laboratory Darwinism, one based on an artificially expanded genetic information system (AEGIS) that adds independently replicating nucleotide “letters” to the evolving “alphabet”.
Biological aging : methods and protocols (2007)

Biological Aging: Methods and Protocols investigates the various processes that are affected by the age of an organism. Several new tools for the analysis of biological aging have been introduced recently, and this volume provides methods and protocols for these new techniques in addition to its coverage of established procedures. The editors have carefully selected only those topics that are considered mainstays of the field or are showing promise in revolutionizing this relatively new science. The three main areas of focus in this cutting-edge compendium of biological aging research are: methods that are basic to understanding the fundamental mechanisms of cellular aging; techniques used to intervene in the aging process; and approaches to analyzing the many molecular processes of biological aging. Researchers seeking new technology and techniques will find this volume of tremendous benefit as they move towards new directions in the exciting and expanding field of biological aging
Mach–Zehnder-based five-port silicon router for optical interconnects (2013)

We propose and fabricate a five-port silicon optical router based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer switches. Only 10 switching elements and five low-loss waveguide crossings are required in our design. Through thermal control of the switching network, we successfully demonstrate 20 possible I/O paths of the five-port optical router at a data transmission rate of 32 Gb/s. The results here show great potential for application in ultrahigh-capacity optical interconnects.
Diamond synthesis from carbon nanofibers at low temperature and low pressure (2015)

In this article, we report a new route to synthesize diamond by converting "solid" carbon nanofibers with a Spark Plasma Sintering system under low temperature and pressure (even at atmospheric pressure). Well-crystallized diamond crystals are obtained at the tips of the carbon nanofibers after sintering at 1500 °C and atmospheric pressure. Combining with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron-energy loss spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy observations, we propose the conversion mechanism as follows: the disorder "solid" carbon nanofibers→well crystallined carbon nanofibers→bent graphitic sheets→onion-liked rings→diamond single crystal→the bigger congregated diamond crystal. It is believed that the plasma generated by low-voltage, vacuum spark, via a pulsed DC in Spark Plasma Sintering process, plays a critical role in the low temperature and low pressure diamond formation. This Spark Plasma Sintering process may provide a new route for diamond synthesis in an economical way to a large scale.
Demonstration of a PDMS-based bio-microactuator using cultured cardiomyocytes to drive polymer micropillars (2006)

Natural cellular functions are increasingly exploited for integrated chemical systems such as biochemical reactors and biosensors. We propose to utilize the intrinsic mechanical function of cardiomyocytes, converting chemical energy into mechanical energy. In this report, we demonstrate the working principle of our proposed poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) based cardiomyocyte bio-microactuator using fabricated PDMS micropillars driven to repetitive motion by attached pulsating cardiomyocytes. Sheets of PDMS embedded with an array of micropillars were fabricated and modified for cardiomyocyte attachment in culture. Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured on the array, attaching to the micropillars and substratum successfully, and exhibiting their typical spontaneous, pulsatile phenotype. Micropillars beat with the coupled cells spontaneously without any triggers. The beat frequency was 1.4 Hz at 37 degrees C and the displacement of the top of the pillar that beat most strongly in our observation was 2.8+/-0.2 microm. From this result, contractile forces of cultured cardiomyocytes were estimated to exceed 3.5 microN. The estimated force is far greater than that of a previously described hydrogel-based cardiomyocyte bio-microactuator (K. Morishima et al., in Micro Total Analysis Systems 2003, ed. M. A. Northrup et al., The Transducers Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, vol. 2, pp. 1125-1128). PDMS compatibility as a base material for bio-microactuator design using cultured cardiomyocytes was verified. This PDMS-based cell microactuator worked for about one week without exchange of the culture medium, and this system could be developed for various purposes in the future as self-actuated and efficient mechanochemical transducers without external energy source requirements.
3nm GAA Technology featuring Multi-Bridge-Channel FET for Low Power and High Performance Applications (2018)

As the most feasible solution beyond FinFET technology, a gate-all-around Multi-Bridge-Channel MOSFET (MBCFET) technology is successfully demonstrated including a fully working high density SRAM. MBCFETs are fabricated using 90% or more of FinFET processes with only a few revised masks, allowing easy migration from FinFET process. Not only on-target but also multiple Vt is achieved in challengingly limited vertical spacing between channels. Also, reliability of MBCFETs is shown to be comparable to that of FinFETs. Three representative superior characteristics of MBCFET compared to FinFET have been demonstrated — better gate control with 65 mV/dec sub-threshold swing (SS) at short gate length, higher DC performance with a larger effective channel width (Weff) at reference footprint, and design flexibility with variable nanosheet (NS) widths. The optimization of the standard cell design by using variable NS width is evaluated. The usefulness of MBCFET as a multi-purpose performance provider is proven by the modulation of effective capacitance (Ceff), effective resistance (Reff) and frequency by Weff control. Finally, mass production feasibility with MBCFET is proven through a fully working high density SRAM circuit.
Use of Databases in QEEG Evaluation (2003)

Background. Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) analysis incorporating the use of normative or reference database comparison has developed from being primarily a research tool into an increasingly widely used method for clinical neurophysiological evaluation.
Large-Area, Lithography-Free Super Absorbers and Color Filters at Visible Frequencies Using Ultrathin Metallic Films (2015)

Nanostructured photonic materials enable control and manipulation of light at subwavelength scales and exhibit unique optical functionalities. In particular, plasmonic materials and metamaterials have been widely utilized to achieve spectral transmission, reflection, and absorption filters based on localized or delocalized resonances arising from the interaction of photons with nanostructured materials. Realization of visible-frequency, high-performance, large-area, optical filters based on nanoplasmonic materials is rather challenging due to nanofabrication related problems (cost, fabrication imperfection, surface roughness) and optical losses of metals. Here, we propose and demonstrate large-area perfect absorbers and transmission filters that overcome difficulties associated with the nanofabrication using a lithography-free approach. We also utilize and benefit from the optical losses in metals in our optical filter designs. Our resonant optical filter design is based on a modified, asymmetric metal–insulator–metal (MIM) based Fabry–Perot cavity with plasmonic, lossy ultrathin (∼30 nm) metallic films used as the top metallic layer. We demonstrated a narrow bandwidth (∼17 nm) super absorber with 97% maximum absorption with a performance comparable to nanostructure/nanoparticle-based super absorbers. We also investigated transmission (color) filters using ultrathin metallic films, in which different colors can be obtained by controlling the dielectric spacer thickness. With performance parameters of transmittance peak intensity reaching 60% and a narrow-band of ∼40 nm, our color filters exceed the performance of widely studied plasmonic nanohole array based color filters. Proposed asymmetric Fabry–Perot cavities using ultrathin metallic films could find applications in spectrally selective optical (color and absorber) filters, optoelectronic devices with controlled bandwidth such as narrow-band photodetectors, and light-emitting devices.
Selective assisted hatching of human embryos. (1992)

Overall results of assisted hatching by zona drilling using acidic Tyrode's solution performed during three randomised trials in 330 in vitro fertilisation (IVF) patients are presented. It was demonstrated retrospectively and prospectively that assisted hatching by zona drilling was effective in embryos with thick zonae (> 15 microns). This procedure is called selective assisted hatching. In order to investigate whether the success rate of embryos with thin zonae (< 13 microns) can be improved further, a fourth trial was executed in 40 consenting patients. Embryos with thin zonae were left intact in one group (control), while the outside of zonae of similar embryos were thinned with acidic Tyrode's solution. Results thus far indicate that embryos with thin zonae do not benefit from this technique. Embryonic implantation (fetal heartbeat per embryo) was high (26%-27%) in both arms of the trial, probably as a result of selective zona drilling of low prognosis embryos with thick zonae. A method is presented for quantifying zona hardening in human embryos. The exposure to acidic Tyrode's solution of each embryo was expressed as a function of the duration to pierce the zona and the diameter of the needle. Preliminary findings suggested that embryonic viability is correlated with zona hardening. In order to test the hypothesis that extracellular fragments may affect embryonic viability, small amounts of fragments were removed from embryos during assisted hatching. The pregnancy rate in 36 patients with extracted fragments was relatively high (41%) considering the poor morphology of the embryos involved.
Evaluation of Two Cationic Delivery Systems for siRNA (2007)

Small interference RNA (siRNA) is an important research tool, and also has the potential for clinical application. RNA interference (RNAi) approaches allow degradation of selective mRNA coding for pathogenic or disease-related proteins. RNAi pathway can be taken advantage of by the delivery of chemically synthesized siRNA. To fully attain its potential a sufficient siRNA must be delivered to the cell's cytoplasm. Cellular delivery of polyanions such as siRNA, while a challenging problem, may be addressed by the use of cationic macromolecules, the two major classes being lipids and polymers. In this study we compared two model cationic vectors liposomes (lipoplexes) and polyethelyenimine (PEI) (polyplexes). Complexes of the cationic macromolecules and siRNA did not differ in terms of their cellular uptake as determined by flow cytometry. However, it was demonstrated that the lipoplexes decomplexed more easily than the polyplexes. Differences in the biological activity of the siRNA were observed using commercially available siTOX siRNA. Lipoplexes resulted in dose-dependent siRNA activity; to 76.4 +/- 5.9% cell death was seen 48 hours posttransfection using 80 nmol siTOX. In summary, the selection of delivery vector can have a profound impact on biological activity of siRNA molecules. siRNA decomplexation from the cationic vector might be an important factor in the future development of new vectors.