gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of the Kunitz and the Bowman-Birk family proteinase inhibitors in leguminous seeds. (1988)

The trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activities of two families of inhibitors, the Kunitz family and the Bowman-Birk family, were screened for in seeds of 34 leguminous species by gel nitration. Results were compared with the morphological classification of leguminous plants. There seemed to be a relationship between the inhibitors found and the evolution of leguminous plants. That is, the seeds of the more primitive leguminous species contained mainly the Kunitz family inhibitors and those of the more advanced ones had the Bowman-Birk family inhibitors. Results suggested that the Kunitz family inhibitors in leguminous seeds have gradually been replaced by the Bowman-Birk family inhibitors in the process of evolution.
Genomewide Analysis of Gene Expression in<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>Biofilms: Insights into the Pathophysiology of<i>S. epidermidis</i>Biofilms and the Role of Phenol‐Soluble Modulins in Formation of Biofilms (2004)

Many bacterial pathogens form cellular agglomerations known as biofilms, which considerably limit the success of both antibiotic treatment and the human immune defense. To gain insight into the pathophysiology of the leading nosocomial pathogen, Staphylococcus epidermidis, we analyzed the genome of biofilm-forming S. epidermidis, constructed a microarray representing its entire transcriptome, and performed expression profiling of an S. epidermidis biofilm. Gene-regulated processes in the biofilm led to a nonaggressive and protected form of bacterial growth with low metabolic activity, which is optimally suited to guarantee long-term survival during chronic infection. A class of peptides known as phenol-soluble modulins, which combine proinflammatory activity with a putative role in detachment of biofilms, evolved as potential key determinants controlling the switch between aggressive and quiescent modes of infection. Our data suggest that S. epidermidis adjusts its lifestyle to varying requirements during colonization and infection by means of an expansive change of gene expression. The observed physiological characteristics of the biofilm mode of growth--in particular, the contribution of surfactant-like peptides--might serve as a model for a variety of biofilm-forming pathogens.
Motion Field Estimation from Alternate Exposure Images (2010)

Traditional optical flow algorithms rely on consecutive short-exposed images. In this work, we make use of an additional long-exposed image for motion field estimation. Long-exposed images integrate motion information directly in the form of motion-blur. With this additional information, more robust and accurate motion fields can be estimated. In addition, the moment of occlusion can be determined. Considering the basic signal-theoretical problem in motion field estimation, we exploit the fact that long-exposed images integrate motion information to prevent temporal aliasing. A suitable image formation model relates the long-exposed image to preceding and succeeding short-exposed images in terms of dense 2D motion and per-pixel occlusion/disocclusion timings. Based on our image formation model, we describe a practical variational algorithm to estimate the motion field not only for visible image regions but also for regions getting occluded. Results for synthetic as well as real-world scenes demonstrate the validity of the approach.
The Protein Kinase C Agonist PEP005 (Ingenol 3-Angelate) in the Treatment of Human Cancer: A Balance between Efficacy and Toxicity (2010)

The diterpene ester ingenol-3-angelate (referred to as PEP005) is derived from the plant Euphorbia peplus. Crude euphorbia extract causes local toxicity and transient inflammation when applied topically and has been used in the treatment of warts, skin keratoses and skin cancer. PEP005 is a broad range activator of the classical (α, β, γ) and novel (δ, ε, η, θ) protein kinase C isoenzymes. Direct pro-apoptotic effects of this drug have been demonstrated in several malignant cells, including melanoma cell lines and primary human acute myelogenous leukemia cells. At micromolar concentrations required to kill melanoma cells this agent causes PKC-independent secondary necrosis. In contrast, the killing of leukemic cells occurs in the nanomolar range, requires activation of protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) and is specifically associated with translocation of PKCδ from the cytoplasm to the nuclear membrane. However, in addition to this pro-apoptotic effect the agent seems to have immunostimulatory effects, including: (i) increased chemokine release by malignant cells; (ii) a general increase in proliferation and cytokine release by activated T cells, including T cells derived from patients with chemotherapy-induced lymphopenia; (iii) local infiltration of neutrophils after topical application with increased antibody-dependent cytotoxicity; and (iv) development of specific anti-cancer immune responses by CD8(+) T cells in animal models. Published studies mainly describe effects from in vitro investigations or after topical application of the agent, and careful evaluation of the toxicity after systemic administration is required before the possible use of this agent in the treatment of malignancies other than skin cancers.
Rechargeable Copper Vanadate Cathodes for Lithium Cell (1988)

The electrochemical behavior of various copper vanadates (, , , and ) was studied in lithium cells with organic electrolytes. These cathodes exhibited high working voltages and large specific capacities, resulting in energy densities of ca. 1 Wh/g and 4 Wh/cm3 based on cathode active material. Rechargeable capacities of 0.16–0.26 Ah/g were obtained. Elemental copper formation was observed during discharge, and this phenomena appeared to affect cycle performance.
Spurious modes in finite-element methods (1995)

This paper describes the problem of spurious modes that appear with finite-element solutions of the vector wave equation. It explains that this problem is caused by inconsistent approximations of the static solutions to the wave equation. Tangential-vector finite elements are described that enforce the tangential continuity of the vector field, but leave the normal component discontinuous. It is shown that tangential elements provide consistent approximations of the static solutions to wave problems, and that spurious modes are not produced by this type of finite element. Applications of the theory presented include problems from microwave and antenna design, and from electromagnetic compatibility.
BM-ALM: An Application Layer Multicasting with Behavior Monitoring Approach (2006)

IP multicasting is the most efficient way to perform group data distribution, as it eliminates traffic redundancy and improves bandwidth utilization. Application layer multicast (ALM) has been proposed to overcome some of the limitations in IP multicasting such as scalability and deployability. Limited computing power, scarcity of bandwidth and end-host's reluctance to share bandwidth make ALM difficult to spread. In this paper, we keep eye to those problems and present an ALM that scrutinizes the commitment of the ALM nodes. Failure to provide quality of service agreement triggers performance penalty for the node in concern. Thus, every node has an obligation to its descendants; as a result, a nice collaboration among the end-hosts is achieved for group communication. It has good performance for content distribution, as it reflects physical network topology onto the overlay network constructed by the end-hosts. Tree refinement and backup path strategies are taken to better satisfy heterogeneous QoS requirements
Effect of the pH on the RAFT Polymerization of Acrylic Acid in Water. Application to the Synthesis of Poly(acrylic acid)-Stabilized Polystyrene Particles by RAFT Emulsion Polymerization (2013)

The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) in water was studied in detail at different pHs using 4-cyano-4-thiothiopropylsulfanyl pentanoic acid (CTPPA) as a control agent and 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA) as an initiator. Well-defined hydrophilic macromolecular RAFT agents (PAA-CTPPA) were obtained and further used directly in water for the polymerization of styrene. The corresponding polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) process was evaluated at different pHs and it was shown that working in acidic conditions (pH = 2.5) led to well-defined amphiphilic block copolymer particles (Đ < 1.4) of small size (below 50 nm). When the pH increased, the control over the growth of the polystyrene (PS) block was gradually lost. Chain extension experiments of PAA-CTPPA with N-acryloylmorpholine (NAM), a hydrosoluble and non-pH sensitive monomer, performed at different pHs showed that the very first addition–fragmentation steps that occurred in water were impeded when PAA was ionized leading to partial consumption of PAA-CTPPA and thus to PS molar masses higher than expected. Varying the PAA-CTPPA concentration at pH = 2.5 led in all cases to stable particles composed of well-defined block copolymers with PS segments of different molar masses.
Thermochromism. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermochromism.Jesse H. DayCite this: Chem. Rev. 1963, 63, 1, 65–80Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60221a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60221a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3702Altmetric-Citations262LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Manganese catalyzed cis-dihydroxylation of electron deficient alkenes with H2O2 (2010)

A practical method for the multigram scale selective cis-dihydroxylation of electron deficient alkenes such as diethyl fumarate and N-alkyl and N-aryl-maleimides using H(2)O(2) is described. High turnovers (>1000) can be achieved with this efficient manganese based catalyst system, prepared in situ from a manganese salt, pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, a ketone and a base, under ambient conditions. Under optimized conditions, for diethyl fumarate at least 1000 turnovers could be achieved with only 1.5 equiv. of H(2)O(2) with d/l-diethyl tartrate (cis-diol product) as the sole product. For electron rich alkenes, such as cis-cyclooctene, this catalyst provides for efficient epoxidation.
The virtual time machine (1989)

Article Free Access Share on The virtual time machine Author: R. M. Fujimoto Computer Science Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT Computer Science Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTView Profile Authors Info & Claims SPAA '89: Proceedings of the first annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architecturesMarch 1989 Pages 199–208https://doi.org/10.1145/72935.72957Published:01 March 1989Publication History 34citation654DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations34Total Downloads654Last 12 Months33Last 6 weeks9 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A subband adaptive equalization structure (1999)

The potential presence of fractional delays, non-minimum phase parts, and a colouring of the channel output can require adaptive equalizers to adapt very long impulse responses. Besides resulting in a large computational complexity, this will in general cause slow convergence for LMS-type adaptive algorithms. In this paper, we address the equalization problem by a subband approach to reduce computational complexity and to improve convergence speed. We discuss, why amongst other possibilities of subband processing the oversampled approach is particularly appealing to significantly reduce computational complexity and improve convergence speed. Simulation results for a typical communication channels are presented and highlight the benefit of our method. (7 pages)
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase is Unlikely to Mediate Hydrogen Peroxide Signaling: Studies with a Novel Anti-Dimedone Sulfenic Acid Antibody (2010)

Protein sulfenic acids (SOHs) are the principal oxidation products formed when redox active proteins interact with peroxide molecules. We have developed a new antibody reagent that detects protein SOHs derivatized with dimedone. Using this new antibody, we found that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is the predominant protein sulfenate present in isolated rat ventricular myocytes under basal conditions. During oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), GAPDH SOH labeling is lost, but a number of secondary dimedone-reactive protein sulfenates then appear. As the sulfenate labeling is lost, the Cys-149 sulfinic/sulfonic acid oxidation states of GAPDH appear. This hyperoxidized GAPDH is associated with both the inhibition of glycolysis and its ability to reduce H(2)O(2). We examined whether inactivation of GAPDH was causative in the generation of secondary protein sulfenates that coincide with its hyperoxidation. The selective GAPDH inhibitor koningic acid (which functions by forming a covalent adduct at Cys-149) fully prevented basal SOH labeling, as well as subsequent peroxide-induced hyperoxidation. However, koningic acid-mediated inhibition of GAPDH alone did not induce the formation of intracellular H(2)O(2) or secondary protein sulfenates and also failed to potentiate their peroxide-induced formation. Overall, GAPDH appears to have peroxidase-like properties, but its inhibition failed to impact on downstream oxidant signaling involving secondary protein sulfenation.
Capture of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Traps: Effects of Location in a Citrus Tree and Wick Materials for Release of the Attractant (1983)

In replicated field tests made in Florida in October and November 1982 to develop a survey for Diaprepes abbreviatus L., we devised a trap, obtained an attractant from the weevil colony, and then used the trap and attractant to determine the best trap location in a citrus tree as well as to identify a wick material for release of the attractant. Traps were constructed with a cage attached to an inverted funnel. An attractant used in the traps was from a chloroform extract of weevil frass. Trap location was a highly significant factor in weevil capture in a 4-m-high citrus tree. Traps in the top (4.3 m above ground) captured 349 weevils, those in the middle captured 138, and those at a low level (0.3 m above ground) captured 19 weevils. Top and middle traps also captured significantly more male than female weevils (2.8:1). Presence of the attractant significantly increased weevil capture per trap compared with traps with no attractant. Significantly more weevils were captured in traps when glass wool rather than cotton or rubber was used as the wick material for release of the attractant.
RNA mediated toll-like receptor stimulation in health and disease (2012)

Besides their well known functions in storage and translation of information nucleic acids have emerged as a target of pattern recognition receptors that drive activation of innate immunity. Due to the paucity of building block monomers used in nucleic acids, discrimination of host and microbial nucleic acids as a means of self/foreign discrimination is a complicated task. Pattern recognition receptors rely on discrimination by sequence, structural features and spatial compartmentalization to differentiate microbial derived nucleic acids from host ones. Microbial nucleic acid detection is important for the sensing of infectious danger and initiating an immune response to microbial attack. Failures in the underlying recognitions systems can have severe consequences: thus, inefficient recognition of microbial nucleic acids may increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. On the other hand, excessive immune responses as a result of failed self/foreign discrimination are associated with autoimmune diseases. This review gives a general overview over the underlying concepts of nucleic acid sensing by Toll-like receptors. Within this general framework, we focus on bacterial RNA and synthetic RNA oligomers.
Characterization of edge placement accuracy in high-speed digital pin electronics (2002)

Understanding and measuring edge placement accuracy in pin electronics designs can be a tricky and misleading process. This is especially true when the timing differences being measured are on the order of 25 ps. This paper describes some of the potential error sources in pin electronics designs and briefly explains the causes. It then describes the test methods that were used to evaluate the edge placement accuracy of a new pin electronics design for a family of high-speed digital test systems, and discusses how the techniques were carried forward to provide extremely accurate AC testing in a production environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance metrics for climate models (2008)

Objective measures of climate model performance are proposed and used to assess simulations of the 20th century, which are available from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) archive. The primary focus of this analysis is on the climatology of atmospheric fields. For each variable considered, the models are ranked according to a measure of relative error. Based on an average of the relative errors over all fields considered, some models appear to perform substantially better than others. Forming a single index of model performance, however, can be misleading in that it hides a more complex picture of the relative merits of different models. This is demonstrated by examining individual variables and showing that the relative ranking of models varies considerably from one variable to the next. A remarkable exception to this finding is that the so‐called “mean model” consistently outperforms all other models in nearly every respect. The usefulness, limitations and robustness of the metrics defined here are evaluated 1) by examining whether the information provided by each metric is correlated in any way with the others, and 2) by determining how sensitive the metrics are to such factors as observational uncertainty, spatial scale, and the domain considered (e.g., tropics versus extra‐tropics). An index that gauges the fidelity of model variability on interannual time‐scales is found to be only weakly correlated with an index of the mean climate performance. This illustrates the importance of evaluating a broad spectrum of climate processes and phenomena since accurate simulation of one aspect of climate does not guarantee accurate representation of other aspects. Once a broad suite of metrics has been developed to characterize model performance it may become possible to identify optimal subsets for various applications.
Effects of combined treatment with rhDNase and airflow oscillations on spinnability of cystic fibrosis sputum in vitro (1995)

Treatment with either rhDNase or high-frequency oscillation has been shown to be effective in improving the physical and transport properties of airway secretions in cystic fibrosis (CF). The objects of this in vitro study was to examine whether combined treatment with oscillation and rhDNase results in greater change of CF sputum spinnability than either treatment by itself. Aliquots of sputum (0.4 g) from eight CF patients were subjected to the following protocols for 15 minutes and then followed for a total of 30 minutes: 1) incubation with 0.04 ml DNase 50 micrograms rhDNase/normal saline (10% dilution) at 37 degrees C to achieve 5 micrograms DNase/g of sputum final concentration; 2) airflow oscillation at 27 Hz similar to the airflow magnitude produced by a commercial high-frequency chest compression (HFCC) device; 3) negative control with no treatment; 4) positive (dilution) control, incubating with 10% saline by volume; 5) combination of DNase and oscillation, and 6) combination of saline and oscillation. For each protocol, sputum spinnability (in mm, mean +/- SD) was measured by means of a filancemeter at baseline, 15, and 30 minutes. Treatment with DNase decreased spinnability significantly more than either saline or oscillation at 15 and 30 minutes (P < 0.02 and P < 0.04, respectively). Incubation with saline or oscillation of CF sputum for 15 and 30 minutes decreased spinnability significantly compared with control. The combination of DNase and oscillation decreased spinnability significantly more than treatment with DNase alone (3.74 +/- 0.45 vs. 6.54 +/- 0.73 at 15 minutes, P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Molecular Timeline of a Reviving Bacterial Spore (2015)

The bacterial spore can rapidly convert from a dormant to a fully active cell. Here we study this remarkable cellular transition in Bacillus subtilis and reveal the identity of the newly synthesized proteins throughout spore revival. Our analysis uncovers a highly ordered developmental program that correlates with the spore morphological changes and reveals the spatial and temporal molecular events fundamental to reconstruct a cell. As opposed to current knowledge, we found that translation takes place during the earliest revival event, termed germination, a process hitherto considered to occur without the need for any macromolecule synthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that translation is required for execution of germination and relies on the bona fide translational factors RpmE and Tig. Our study sheds light on the spore revival process and on the vital building blocks underlying cellular awakening, thereby paving the way for designing new antimicrobial agents to eradicate spore-forming pathogens.