gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavioral responses of <i>Daphnia pulex</i> exposed to carbaryl and <i>Chaoborus</i> kairomone (1995)

Abstract An analysis of digitized three-dimensional video records of free-swimming Daphnia pulex identified six measurements of swimming behavior that can be used to quantify individual behavioral responses to pesticides or natural chemical signals. Protocols are given for measuring the parameters that showed statistically significant changes in pesticide treatments. The most efficient experimental design would involve observing as many animals as possible, with one observation per animal. Parameters most likely to be useful in future studies are velocity, turning angle, upward and downward angles during hops, variance in vertical position, and hopping frequency. The parameters varied in usefulness, defined as the ratio of within-treatment to among-treatment variance (F ratios). Velocity was the most useful (i.e., had the highest F ratio); hopping frequency was the least useful. Daphnia exhibited three kinds of swimming behavior, as defined by eight parameters: (a) “spinning” (extreme and continuous escape response) to acutely toxic levels of Carbaryl (40 ppb); (b) “irritation” (an increase in escape-like behavior) to low levels of Carbaryl (1 ppb); and (c) “null” behavioral responses to Chaoborus-conditioned water, in which there was no detectable change in any measurement of swimming behavior. In predation trials, bluegill sunfish preferentially selected individuals showing “spinning” behavior. Results from this and other studies of Daphnia swimming behavior suggest a conservative-swimming hypothesis for understanding constraints on Daphnia swimming behavior.
Semi‐Automatic Time‐Series Transfer Functions via Temporal Clustering and Sequencing (2009)

Abstract When creating transfer functions for time‐varying data, it is not clear what range of values to use for classification, as data value ranges and distributions change over time. In order to generate time‐varying transfer functions, we search the data for classes that have similar behavior over time, assuming that data points that behave similarly belong to the same feature. We utilize a method we call temporal clustering and sequencing to find dynamic features in value space and create a corresponding transfer function. First, clustering finds groups of data points that have the same value space activity over time. Then, sequencing derives a progression of clusters over time, creating chains that follow value distribution changes. Finally, the cluster sequences are used to create transfer functions, as sequences describe the value range distributions over time in a data set.
Time-resolved atomic force microscopy imaging studies of asymmetric PS-b-PMMA ultrathin films: Dislocation and disclination transformations, defect mobility, and evolution of nanoscale morphology (2001)

Time-sequenced atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of ultrathin films of cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-polymethylmethacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) copolymer are presented which delineate thin film mobility kinetics and the morphological changes which occur in microphase-separated films as a function of annealing temperature. Of particular interest are defect mobilities in the single layer (L thick) region, as well as the interfacial morphological changes which occur between L thick and adjacent 3L/2 thick layers, i.e., structural changes which occur during multilayer evolution. These measurements have revealed the dominant pathways by which disclinations and dislocations transform, annihilate, and topologically evolve during thermal annealing of such films. Mathematical combining equations are given to better explain such defect transformations and show the topological outcomes which result from defect–defect encounters. We also report a collective, Arrhenius-type flow of defects in localized L thick regions of the film; these are characterized by an activation energy of 377 kJ/mol. These measurements represent the first direct investigation of time-lapse interfacial morphological changes including associated defect evolution pathways for polymeric ultrathin films. Such observations will facilitate a more thorough and predictive understanding of diblock copolymer thin film dynamics, which in turn will further enable the utilization of these nanoscale phase-separated materials in a range of physical and chemical applications.
Generation of embryonic stem cells and transgenic mice expressing green fluorescence protein in midbrain dopaminergic neurons (2004)

We have generated embryonic stem (ES) cells and transgenic mice with green fluorescent protein (GFP) inserted into the Pitx3 locus via homologous recombination. In the central nervous system, Pitx3-directed GFP was visualized in dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Live primary DA neurons can be isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from these transgenic mouse embryos. In culture, Pitx3-GFP is coexpressed in a proportion of ES-derived DA neurons. Furthermore, ES cell-derived Pitx3-GFP expressing DA neurons responded to neurotrophic factors and were sensitive to DA-specific neurotoxin N-4-methyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine. We anticipate that the Pitx3-GFP ES cells could be used as a powerful model system for functional identification of molecules governing mDA neuron differentiation and for preclinical research including pharmaceutical drug screening and transplantation. The Pitx3 knock-in mice, on the other hand, could be used for purifying primary neurons for molecular studies associated with the midbrain-specific DA phenotype at a level not previously feasible. These mice would also provide a useful tool to study DA fate determination from embryo- or adult-derived neural stem cells.
Octrees for faster isosurface generation (1990)

article Free Access Share on Octrees for faster isosurface generation Authors: Jane Wilhelms University of California, Santa Cruz University of California, Santa CruzView Profile , Allen Van Gelder University of California, Santa Cruz University of California, Santa CruzView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 24Issue 5Nov. 1990 pp 57–62https://doi.org/10.1145/99308.99321Published:01 November 1990Publication History 100citation448DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations100Total Downloads448Last 12 Months49Last 6 weeks13 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The Method of Continuous Displaying Wave Based on MiniGUI (2010)

This article presents a programmed realization to display wave continuously based on MiniGUI platform.The method adopt compact idea of moving screen to realize displaying wave continuously make use of MiniGUI graphic API.The article provide effectual reference for painting wave of embedded oscillograph.
The effects of ProAlgaZyme novel algae infusion on metabolic syndrome and markers of cardiovascular health (2007)

ProAlgaZyme (4 fl oz daily) consumption resulted in significant reductions in weight and blood glucose levels, while significantly improving serum lipid profiles and reducing markers of inflammation, thus improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese subjects over a course of 10 weeks with an absence of adverse side effects.
Isolated word intonation recognition using hidden Markov models (2002)

A method is described for recognition of intonation patterns based on discrete distribution hidden Markov models (HMMs) and vector quantization techniques. Fundamental frequency and energy features, were used to determine the best combination of feature processing and quantization techniques for recognition of statement, question, command, calling, and continuation intonation patterns in isolated words. A recognition accuracy of 89% was achieved for the best-case speaker- and word-independent performance. Recognition performance of human listeners on a 100-word subset yielded 77% accuracy, compared to 83% using HMMs on the same subset.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Digital Whistleblowing in Restricted Environments (2011)

The exposure of an organisation’s illegal or unethical practices is often known as whistleblowing. It is currently a high- profile activity as a consequence of whistleblowing websites such as Wikileaks. However, modern digital fingerprinting technologies allow the identification of the human users associated with a particular copy of a leaked digital file. Fear of such discovery may discourage the public from exposing illegal or unethical practices. This paper therefore introduces the novel whistleblower- defending problem, a unique variant of the existing document- marking and traitor-tracing problems. It is addressed here by outlining practical steps that real-world whistleblowers can take to improve their safety, using only standard desktop OS features. ZIP compression is found to be useful for indirect file comparison, in cases where direct file comparison or use of checksums is impossible, inconvenient or easily traceable. The methods of this paper are experimentally evaluated and found to be effective.
Blood Glucose Control by Intermittent Loop Closure in the Basal Mode: Computer Simulation Studies with a Diabetic Model (1985)

A semiclosed loop, bedside insulin infusion system using a simple basal infusion algorithm consisting of a linear transition between two insulin delivery rates as blood glucose (BG) increases has been developed. A theoretical study using computer simulation has now been undertaken to examine the effect of BG sampling frequency and algorithm parameters on BG control. A model for BG control by exogenous insulin in the individual with diabetes was developed from a model for healthy subjects and from clinical data in the literature. Results of computer simulation using this model showed a decrease in BG stability as the sampling interval increased from 1 to 4 h. Simulations also showed a decrease in BG stability as the sensitivity of the control algorithm increased. Choice of an appropriate basal control algorithm involved a compromise between stability, sampling interval, and metabolic control. We conclude that satisfactory metabolic control can be obtained using intermittent BG sampling in the basal state; sampling at intervals of 3 h combined with a basal control algorithm whereby insulin delivery rate increases linearly from 0.5 to 2.5 U/h over the BG range 2-12 mmol/L appears suitable for most diabetic persons. Three-hour sampling offers a good compromise between degree of metabolic control and clinical effort involved.
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: correlations between mitochondrial genotype and visual outcome. (1994)

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disease associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. We describe the distribution of seven different mtDNA mutations and the clinical findings in 334 LHON patients belonging to 29 families. Mutations described only in LHON at nucleotide positions 11778, 3460, and 14484 were found in 15, two, and nine families respectively. In three families none of these mutations was found. Mutations described in LHON but also in controls at nucleotide positions 15257, 13708, 4917, and 4216 were found in one, 10, three and 12 families respectively. Combinations of mtDNA mutations were found in most families. The patient population mainly consisted of 79.2% to 89.5% males except for one family with only 10 of 17 patients being males (58.9%, p approximately 0.036). In 11 families only the 11778 mutation was found; in this group (WX) the affected males had a mean age of onset of 29.2 years and a mean visual outcome of 0.113. In seven families the 14484, 13708, and 4216 mutations were found; in this group (MA) the affected males had a mean age of onset of 22.0 years and a mean visual outcome of 0.442. In two families no mutation was found at all; in this group (YX) the affected males had a mean age of onset of 18.9 years and a mean visual outcome of 0.167. The mean age of onset in the WX group is significantly higher than in the MA group (p < or = 0.001) and in the YX group (p approximately 0.01). The mean visual outcome in the MA group is significantly better than in the WX group (p </= 0.001) and the YX group (p = 0.05). No significant clinical differences were found between families exhibiting only the 11778 mutation and those with additional mutations at np 13708, 4917, or 4216, suggesting that these mutations are of little phenotypic importance. Other mutations were present in relatively small numbers of patients. These results show that the clinical severity is dependent on the mitochondrial genotype.
Highly efficient OADM using mode gap with hexagonal lattice air-hole PC slab waveguides (2006)

Channel-dropping filters with photonic crystal slabs connected between channel waveguides were fabricated and demonstrated. They attained highly efficient flat-top drop-out spectrum at a wavelength of 1.56 mum and a drop bandwidth of 5.8 nm
Electroseparations, Electrophoresis (2000)

Abstract Electrophoresis is a separation technique which is most often applied to the analysis of biological and other polymeric samples. The principles, modes of operation, separation matrices, detection techniques, and equipment for the various electrophoresis techniques are presented. The three principal modes of electrophoresis, zone electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and isotachophoresis, are discussed, as are the advantages of the principal matrices in which electrophoresis is performed, including agarose, polyacrylamide, paper, capillaries, and flowing buffers. Specific examples of techniques such as immunochemical reaction, two‐dimensional techniques, and blotting are given.
ComSlipper (2006)

In our increasingly decentralized world, demands to maintain relationships over long distances continue to increase. It is more and more difficult to maintain a sense of connection with others, to communicate with others in an emotionally rich way, and to know whether one is available for initiating a conversation in an appropriate context.This paper describes the design process and our solution to this challenge. The ComSlipper is a lightweight yet expressive sensible slipper that enhances the quality of computer-mediated relationships. The ComSlipper was developed using a human-centered design approach to better understand user behaviors and needs. The ComSlipper empowers the wearer to create a sense of connection to others. The wearer uses body gesture and tactile manipulation to feel and express emotions and availability to distant loved ones. The ComSlipper provides a natural and intimate way of communicating, and facilitates the development of intimate relationships.
Identification of novel insertion sites in the Ad5 genome That utilize the Ad splicing machinery for therapeutic gene expression (2005)

Therapeutic transgene expression from oncolytic viruses represents one approach to increasing the effectiveness of these agents as cancer therapeutics. In the case of the oncolytic adenovirus (Ad), however, the genomic packaging capacity is constrained. To address this, we explored whether a transposon-based system could identify sites in the viral genome where endogenous Ad promoters could drive transgene expression via splicing and still maintain the replication capacity of the virus. Using GFP as a reporter gene and an E3-deleted Ad genome as a target, we tested three splicing signals. RACE analysis confirmed that gene expression from the GFP-expressing Ads occurs via splicing and traced expression to the Ad major late promoter (MLP). Replacement of the GFP transposon by an equivalent splice acceptor-luciferase expression cassette in the same orientation confirmed that substitute transgenes are also expressed via splicing from the MLP. Interestingly, insertion of the substitute transgene in the opposite orientation also resulted in expression that, in some cases, originated from within the ITR region of the viral genome. In summary, splice acceptor sequences can be used to control transgene expression from endogenous Ad promoters and this represents a genomically economical approach to arming oncolytic Ads.
Isolation of Staphylococcus species from the tonsils of healthy pigs and phage patterns of isolates. (1987)

Staphylococci were found in the tonsils of 121 (75.2%) of 161 cattle. There were 15 different species, 10 belonging to novobiocin-sensitive species. The most predominant species was S. simulans (79.3% of the 121 carriers), followed by S. aureus (20.7%), S. chromogenes (10.7%) and S. epidermidis (8.3%). The other 11 species were present in 0.8 to 5.8%. Twenty-six unidentifiable isolates were isolated from 26 (21.5%) carriers. Sixty-two (51.2%) of the 121 carriers yielded two to five Staphylococcus species together while only one species could be found in each of the other 59 (48.8%). Combinations of S. simulans and other species were most frequently encountered in 50 (41.3%) of the 121 carriers. Twenty-four (96.0%) out of 25 S. aureus isolates, 3 (42.9%) of 7 S. hyicus isolates and 45 (25.4%) of 177 coagulase-negative staphylococci (13 species and unidentifiable isolates) isolates were phage typable. Most of S. aureus isolates were lysed by bovine phages 119 (n = 16) or 116 (n = 5). Thirty-three (25.4%) of 45 coagulase-negative staphylococci typable isolates with Pulverer's phage set showed the phage pattern ph5/ph9/ph10/ph12/ph13/U4/U14/U16/++ +U20/U46. The tonsils of cattle thus appear to be a suitable environment for Staphylococcus species, particularly novobiocin-sensitive species.
Structural Studies of <i>Impatiens balsamina</i> Antimicrobial Protein (Ib-AMP1) (1998)

Structural studies of Ib-AMP1, a small antimicrobial peptide derived from the seeds of Impatiens balsamina have been performed using circular dichroism (CD) and two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). This 20-residue peptide is highly basic with five arginine residues and contains four cysteines which form two intramolecular disulfide bonds. CD results reveal that the peptide may include a beta-turn but do not show evidence for either helical or beta-sheet structure over a range of temperature and pH. Structural information from NMR was obtained in the form of proton-proton internuclear distances inferred from NOEs and dihedral angle restraints from spin-spin coupling constants, which were used for distance geometry calculations. Owing to the difficulty in obtaining the correct disulfide connectivities by chemical methods, three separate calculations were performed; with no disulfides and with the two possible alternate disulfide connectivities. Results from distance geometry calculations reveal that although the peptide is small, the cysteines constrain part of it to adopt a well-defined main chain conformation. From residue 6 to 20, the backbone is well defined, whilst the N-terminal region, residues 1-5, has very few constraints and appears to be very flexible. In the defined core region, there are three beta-turns at residues 9-12, 10-13, and 12-15. The side chains show no strong interactions in the NMR spectra and are therefore thought to adopt multiple conformations. Superposition of the structures generated shows that the peptide has two hydrophilic patches which are at opposite ends of the molecule separated by a large hydrophobic patch. Little is known about the mode of action of this protein, but it is thought to interact with a membrane-bound receptor, and possible sites of interaction are discussed. The structures determined are compared with those of the alpha-conotoxins, which are also highly basic proteins with similar disulfide connectivities.
Single mode multiple-element laser array with grating filter (1993)

A 1.5- mu m wavelength grating filter laser array (GFA) structure which consists of a positive-index-guided multiple-element array region and a laterally unguided grating filter region is proposed and theoretically analyzed for realizing in-phase supermode and simultaneous single-longitudinal-mode operation. A five-element GaInAsP/InP GFA with a lasing wavelength of approximately 1.5 mu m was fabricated and its single-longitudinal-mode/in-phase supermode operation was demonstrated up to four times the threshold current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of different metronidazole therapeutic regimens for bacterial vaginosis. A meta-analysis. (1992)

A 2-g single-dose metronidazole regimen is as effective as a single daily dose given for 2 days or a 5-day course or a 7-day course.
DETECTION OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF SUSPECTED CHILDREN WITH MENINGITIS BY PCR (2005)

Background: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with primers from\n"hpd" gene was compared with culture for the detection of Haemophilus\ninfluenzae type b (Hib) in CSF samples from children suspected\nof meningitis. Methods: 300 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from\nsuspected meningitis cases were studied by culture (Leventhal &\nChocolate Agar) and PCR. Results: The latter method could detect Hib in\nall 5 culture positive and in 2 of 295 culture negative cases, showing\nsensitivity, specificity, and an accuracy index of 100%, 99% and 99%,\nrespectively. The PCR result was available within a day. Conclusion:\nThis study has shown that PCR is a rapid, sensitive, and specific\ndiagnostic test for Hib from CSF samples. Furthermore, to maximize\nmanagement of meningitis cases to reduce the morbidity, mortality, and\ncomplications of invasive Hib infection a combination of culture and\nPCR is necessary for the detection of Hib infection. The incidence of\nHib meningitis among children in Children's Medical Center in Tehran\nbased on culture and PCR results were 2.4 % and 1.7% respectively.\nBased on culture results, Hib causes 15.6% of all cases of bacterial\nmeningitis in children.
Effect of handling and storage on alkylamides and cichoric acid in Echinacea purpurea (2000)

Changes in alkylamide and cichoric acid concentrations during the handling and storage of freshly harvested and dried Echinacea purpurea plants were investigated. Plants subjected to varying degrees of physical damage to simulate rough handling were found to show no change in the concentrations of alkylamides and cichoric acid when subsequently dried within 24 h. Storage of undamaged fresh plant material at 20 °C and 60% RH for 30 days also showed no significant loss of either group of constituents. Storage of dried crushed plant material showed that alkylamides were degraded at 20 and 30 °C, especially when held in light, but no loss occurred when stored at 5 °C in the dark. Cichoric acid was found to be stable at 5, 20 and 30 °C provided that the moisture content remained low or enzymic activity was eliminated by blanching. The findings have implications for the handling and storage of echinacea to optimise retention of alkylamides and cichoric acid. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry