gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Engineering of Bio-Adaptable Dental Implants (2011)

Dental implants are the most integral part of modern dentistry The prominence of dental implantology is demonstrated by the increase of the number of dental implants used in the U.S. by ten folds from 1983 to 2002, leading to an increase in production capital from $19 million (1983) to $150 million (2002), with a projected yearly growth of 9.4% over the following few years From a technological and clinical advancement stand-point, the field of dental implantology has rapidly expanded since its introduction in the late 60s' by Branemark With the introduction of more complex and capable technologies in design, manufacturing, and testing, the dental implant converged to its dominant design of the three-piece assembly (rootform, abutment, and abutment screw) due to incremental changes driven by clinical research and feedback from patient monitoring and the attached trends of success and failure. The prominent design was also crystallized with an attached implant insertion protocol and corresponding pre-and post-implantation routines. The protocol includes biological, functional, and biomechanical assessments, which results into the formulation of different implantation factors such as implant position, amount of available alveolar bone, soft tissue biotype and morphology, implant design and material, abutment, and permanent crown An implantation requirement of great importance is the one devised by This loading prevention period was discussed in several subsequent studies, where it was concluded that the amount of motion provoked at the implant/alveolar bone interface in early stages of implantation strongly affects the implantations success.
Ynenol lactones: synthesis and investigation of reactions relevant to their inactivation of serine proteases (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTYnenol lactones: synthesis and investigation of reactions relevant to their inactivation of serine proteasesRobin W. Spencer, Tim Fat. Tam, Everton. Thomas, Valerie J. Robinson, and Allen. KrantzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 18, 5589–5597Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00278a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00278a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views777Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Application of Frequency Response Techniques in Optics (1962)

A résumé of the treatment of image formation from the standpoint of the theory of passive linear systems is given, it being shown that image formation for an incoherent object satisfies the basic postulates of superposition and stationarity. It then follows that the spatial frequency response of an optical system will be given by the Fourier transform of its impulse response, this latter being simply the distribution of intensity in the image of a narrow self-luminous line. There follows an account of work done in the author's image-assessment group at Imperial College. This includes the diffraction theory of optical frequency response, aberration tolerance theory and the numerical evaluation of frequency response and diffraction integrals together with examples of the response curves for particular cases. A number of methods for the measurement of frequency response are described, and the theory of these methods and results showing the comparison of theoretical and measured response curves are discussed. The final section describes methods for the measurement of the Fourier spectra of photographic images, and their application to the study of the influence of the detector properties on recorded images.
Simulating Contacts between Objects in Virtual Reality with Auditory, Visual, and Haptic Feedback (2013)

International audience
Optimum Dispatch of Active and Reactive Generation by Quadratic Programming (1973)

Optimum scheduling of generation subject to constraints on maximum and minimum levels and rates of change of generation, spare capacity and line flow limits, is studied. A linear programming formulation for system constraints is used with a quadratic cost function for generation and transmission line loss. An optimal solution for real power dispatch is obtained by quadratic programming, and optimum allocation of reactive power is based on a gradient technique which minimises transmission loss subject to nodal voltage and reactive power limits. An ac load flow analysis is incorporated together with a load prediction program based on a spectral analysis of past load data. The feasibility of simulating the overall system problem, including load-frequency control of equivalent generation, using a combined analogue-digital process computer system linked to a large scientific digital computer by data link is investigated.
Basics of Polar-Format Algorithm for Processing Synthetic Aperture Radar Images (2012)

The purpose of this report is to provide a background to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image formation using the Polar Format (PFA) processing algorithm. This is meant to be an aid to those tasked to implement real-time image formation using the Polar Format processing algorithm.
Novel filter design incorporating asymmetrical stripline Y-junction circulators (1991)

Theoretical treatments of an asymmetrical stripline Y-junction circulator have been carried out. These include a formulation of the circulation conditions of an asymmetrical circulator as well as its transmission characteristics under wide-frequency-band consideration. It is found that filter designs incorporating circulators are very plausible and give rise to a narrow transmission band around the desired transmission frequency and a wide stopband extending many times the fundamental transmission frequency. In this design, high order mode excitations inherent in other filter designs are attenuated. In addition, owing to the off-resonance operation of the ferrites, present design could be applied under higher power conditions than traditional resonant ferrite filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nature-inspired reconfiguration of overlay networks (2011)

Many different kind of overlay networking technologies have emerged over the past years. The research has focused on the development of technologies for solving the challenges to provide reliable and efficient networks for data delivery. The ability to automatically reconfigure overlay networks is essential for the future of autonomous computer systems. This paper introduces two approaches for the automatic reconfiguration of overlay networks. The first is a Genetic Algorithm approach as proposed in previous literature, and the second is a Particle Swarm Optimization approach. Both approaches are implemented in order to compare and evaluate their response to link failures and complete network failures.
PKCη promotes senescence induced by oxidative stress and chemotherapy (2014)

Senescence is characterized by permanent cell-cycle arrest despite continued viability and metabolic activity, in conjunction with the secretion of a complex mixture of extracellular proteins and soluble factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Cellular senescence has been shown to prevent the proliferation of potentially tumorigenic cells, and is thus generally considered a tumor suppressive process. However, some SASP components may act as pro-tumorigenic mediators on premalignant cells in the microenvironment. A limited number of studies indicated that protein kinase C (PKC) has a role in senescence, with different isoforms having opposing effects. It is therefore important to elucidate the functional role of specific PKCs in senescence. Here we show that PKCη, an epithelial specific and anti-apoptotic kinase, promotes senescence induced by oxidative stress and DNA damage. We further demonstrate that PKCη promotes senescence through its ability to upregulate the expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) and enhance transcription and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, we demonstrate that PKCη creates a positive loop for reinforcing senescence by increasing the transcription of both IL-6 and IL-6 receptor, whereas the expression of IL-8 is specifically suppressed by PKCη. Thus, the presence/absence of PKCη modulates major components of SASP. Furthermore, we show that the human polymorphic variant of PKCη, 374I, that exhibits higher kinase activity in comparison to WT-374V, is also more effective in IL-6 secretion, p21(Cip1) expression and the promotion of senescence, further supporting a role for PKCη in senescence. As there is now considerable interest in senescence activation/elimination to control tumor progression, it is first crucial to reveal the molecular regulators of senescence. This will improve our ability to develop new strategies to harness senescence as a potential cancer therapy in the future.
Automated Segmentation of Kidneys from MR Images in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (2016)

We have developed a fully automated method for segmentation of kidneys from abdominal magnetic resonance images in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with varying kidney volumes. The performance of the automated method was in good agreement with that of manual method.
Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent MRI of Tissue Oxygenation (2005)

In standard endothelial function tests, BOLD MRI detects a dissociation of tissue Hb oxygenation from blood flow. BOLD MRI may be a useful adjunct in assessing endothelial function.
A fully complementary BiCMOS technology for 10 V mixed-signal circuit applications (1994)

A 10 V fully complementary BiCMOS technology, HBC-10, has been developed for high speed, low noise and high precision mixed signal system integration applications. In this technology, two varieties of CMOS transistors have been implemented for 10 V analog and 5 V digital applications. A gate oxide thickness of 30 nm is utilized for the 10 V CMOS transistors with a lightly doped drain extension added to the NMOS structure to achieve device lifetime in excess of 10 years. A gate oxide thickness of 18 nm is used for 5 V CMOS logic circuits. These transistors are specially architected so that they may also serve as analog transistors in 5 V circuit applications. The 5 V NMOS transistor lifetime is guaranteed by use of a double diffused drain structure. The active devices are isolated by a fully recessed 1.5 /spl mu/m oxide grown under high pressure conditions. Use of high pressure steam, plus combining diffusion operations where possible, results in a low overall thermal budget. This allows the up-diffusion of buried layers to be minimized so that a thin, 1.6 /spl mu/m epitaxial silicon layer is sufficient to support 10 V bipolar transistors. The resultant vertical PNP and NPN transistors are characterized with cut-off frequencies of more than 1.3 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively. Likewise, the associated products of the current gain and Early voltage of PNP and NPN bipolar transistors are more than 1000 and 6000 V, respectively. A precision, buried Zener diode (for voltage reference applications), PtSi Schottky diode, polysilicon-oxide-polysilicon capacitor and trimmable thin film resistor are integrated into this process. This wide variety of passive and active components is essential for system integration and has been carefully designed for precision analog applications. The total number of masking operations is 23, which includes double layer metallization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microfluidic CODES: a scalable multiplexed electronic sensor for orthogonal detection of particles in microfluidic channels (2016)

Numerous biophysical and biochemical assays rely on spatial manipulation of particles/cells as they are processed on lab-on-a-chip devices. Analysis of spatially distributed particles on these devices typically requires microscopy negating the cost and size advantages of microfluidic assays. In this paper, we introduce a scalable electronic sensor technology, called microfluidic CODES, that utilizes resistive pulse sensing to orthogonally detect particles in multiple microfluidic channels from a single electrical output. Combining the techniques from telecommunications and microfluidics, we route three coplanar electrodes on a glass substrate to create multiple Coulter counters producing distinct orthogonal digital codes when they detect particles. We specifically design a digital code set using the mathematical principles of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) telecommunication networks and can decode signals from different microfluidic channels with >90% accuracy through computation even if these signals overlap. As a proof of principle, we use this technology to detect human ovarian cancer cells in four different microfluidic channels fabricated using soft lithography. Microfluidic CODES offers a simple, all-electronic interface that is well suited to create integrated, low-cost lab-on-a-chip devices for cell- or particle-based assays in resource-limited settings.
The Role of Tumor Cell–Derived Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF/CCN2) in Pancreatic Tumor Growth (2009)

Pancreatic cancer is highly aggressive and refractory to existing therapies. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is a fibrosis-related gene that is thought to play a role in pancreatic tumor progression. However, CCN2 can be expressed in a variety of cell types, and the contribution of CCN2 derived from either tumor cells or stromal cells as it affects the growth of pancreatic tumors is unknown. Using genetic inhibition of CCN2, we have discovered that CCN2 derived from tumor cells is a critical regulator of pancreatic tumor growth. Pancreatic tumor cells derived from CCN2 shRNA-expressing clones showed dramatically reduced growth in soft agar and when implanted s.c. We also observed a role for CCN2 in the growth of pancreatic tumors implanted orthotopically, with tumor volume measurements obtained by positron emission tomography imaging. Mechanistically, CCN2 protects cells from hypoxia-mediated apoptosis, providing an in vivo selection for tumor cells that express high levels of CCN2. We found that CCN2 expression and secretion was increased in hypoxic pancreatic tumor cells in vitro, and we observed colocalization of CCN2 and hypoxia in pancreatic tumor xenografts and clinical pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, we found increased CCN2 staining in clinical pancreatic tumor tissue relative to stromal cells surrounding the tumor, supporting our assertion that tumor cell-derived CCN2 is important for pancreatic tumor growth. Taken together, these data improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for pancreatic tumor growth and progression, and also indicate that CCN2 produced by tumor cells represents a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Inhibiting geranylgeranylation blocks growth and promotes apoptosis in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (1998)

The activity of small GTP-binding proteins is regulated by a critical step in posttranslational processing, namely, the addition of isoprenoid lipids farnesyl and geranylgeranyl, mediated by the enzymes farnesyltransferase (FTase) and geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I), respectively. We have developed compounds that inhibit these enzymes specifically and in this study sought to determine their effects on smooth muscle cells (SMC) from the pulmonary microvasculature. We found that the GGTase I inhibitor GGTI-298 suppressed protein geranylgeranylation and blocked serum-dependent growth as measured by thymidine uptake and cell counts. In the absence of serum, however, GGTI-298 induced apoptosis in these cells as measured by both DNA staining and flow cytometry. The FTase inhibitor FTI-277 selectively inhibited protein farnesylation but had a minor effect on growth and no effect on apoptosis. To further investigate the role of geranylgeranylated proteins in apoptosis, we added the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor lovastatin, which inhibits the biosynthesis of farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphates. This also induced apoptosis, but when geranylgeraniol was added to replenish cellular pools of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, apoptosis was reduced to baseline. In contrast, farnesol achieved only partial rescue of the cells. These results imply that geranylgeranylated proteins are required for growth and protect SMC against apoptosis. GGTase I inhibitors may be useful in preventing hyperplastic remodeling and may have the potential to induce the apoptotic regression of established vascular lesions.
Microglial glutamate release evoked by α‐synuclein aggregates is prevented by dopamine (2018)

When activated, microglial cells have the potential not only to secrete typical proinflammatory mediators but also to release the neurotransmitter glutamate in amounts that may promote excitotoxicity. Here, we wished to determine the potential of the Parkinson's disease (PD) protein α-Synuclein (αS) to stimulate glutamate release using cultures of purified microglial cells. We established that glutamate release was robustly increased when microglial cultures were treated with fibrillary aggregates of αS but not with the native monomeric protein. Promotion of microglial glutamate release by αS aggregates (αSa) required concomitant engagement of TLR2 and P2X7 receptors. Downstream to cell surface receptors, the release process was mediated by activation of a signaling cascade sequentially involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-producing enzyme. Inhibition of the Xc- antiporter, a plasma membrane exchange system that imports extracellular l-cystine and exports intracellular glutamate, prevented the release of glutamate induced by αSa, indicating that system Xc- was the final effector element in the release process downstream to NADPH oxidase activation. Of interest, the stimulation of glutamate release by αSa was abrogated by dopamine through an antioxidant effect requiring D<sub>1</sub> dopamine receptor activation and PI3K inhibition. Altogether, present data suggest that the activation of microglial cells by αSa may possibly result in a toxic build-up of extracellular glutamate contributing to excitotoxic stress in PD. The deficit in dopamine that characterizes this disorder may further aggravate this process in a vicious circle mechanism.
Mapping the Integrin-Linked Kinase Interactome Using SILAC (2008)

Protein-protein interactions play an essential role in the regulation of vital biological functions. Through a network of interactions, integrin-linked kinase (ILK) functions downstream of integrin receptors to control cell spreading, migration, growth, survival, and cell cycle progression. Despite many reports on the role of ILK in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, it is still not understood how ILK integrates and controls complex cellular signals. A more global analysis of ILK-protein complexes will give important insights in the complexity of ILK-dependent signal transduction. Here, we applied a SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture)-based proteomics approach to discover novel ILK-interacting proteins. Of 752 proteins identified in ILK immunoprecipitates, 24 proteins had SILAC ratios higher than PINCH, previously identified as direct ILK-binding partner. Some of the newly identified proteins specifically enriched in ILK immunoprecipitates, with potentially interesting roles in ILK biology, include rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor), alpha- and beta-tubulin, RuvB-like 1 and 2, HS1-associating protein 1 (HAX-1), T-complex protein 1 subunits, and Ras-GTP-ase activating-like protein 1 (IQ-GAP1). Functional interactions between ILK and several of the new binding partners were confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation/Western blot and colocalization experiments. Detailed analysis showed that when ILK is found in a complex with alpha-tubulin and RuvB-like 1, alpha-parvin and PINCH are not present, suggesting that ILK has the ability to form distinct protein complexes throughout the cell. Inhibition of ILK activity with an ILK-kinase inhibitor QLT0267 or downregulation of its expression impaired the ability of RuvB-like 1 to bind to tubulin pointing toward a possible role of ILK in the regulation of RuvB-like 1/tubulin interaction. Using the power of quantitative proteomics to resolve specific from nonspecific protein interactions, we identified several novel ILK-binding proteins, which sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of regulation of ILK-dependent signal transduction.
Distribution and Biological Effects of Prostaglandins (1974)

Prostaglandins occur in nearly all mammalian tissues. With the possible exception of PGA's, prostaglandins appear to act locally rather than as classical circulating hormones. Biologic activity is related primarily to alteration of smooth muscle contractility and modulation of hormonal activity. Relative to parturition, prostaglandins, especially PGE's and PGF's, have been shown to 1) increase at time of parturition in amniotic fluid, maternal placenta, myometrium, and blood; 2) stimulate myometrial activity; and 3) to induce either abortion or parturition. Relative to luteolytic effects, prostaglandins, especially PGF2α, have been shown to 1) increase in the uterus and blood to levels similar to exogenous levels required for eliciting luteolysis; 2) be capable of crossing from the uterine vein to the ovarian artery (sheep); 3) be related to IUD induced luteal regression (sheep), and 4) be capable of regressing the corpus luteum of most mammalian species studied to date. Prostaglandins have been reported to result in release of LH, prolactin, growth hormones, ACTH, and oxytocin. Data suggest prostaglandins, especially PGE's and PGF's, may be involved in the processes of ovulation and gamete transport.
An SVD-based grayscale image quality measure for local and global assessment (2006)

The important criteria used in subjective evaluation of distorted images include the amount of distortion, the type of distortion, and the distribution of error. An ideal image quality measure should, therefore, be able to mimic the human observer. We present a new grayscale image quality measure that can be used as a graphical or a scalar measure to predict the distortion introduced by a wide range of noise sources. Based on singular value decomposition, it reliably measures the distortion not only within a distortion type at different distortion levels, but also across different distortion types. The measure was applied to five test images (airplane, boat, Goldhill, Lena, and peppers) using six types of distortion (JPEG, JPEG 2000, Gaussian blur, Gaussian noise, sharpening, and DC-shifting), each with five distortion levels. Its performance is compared with PSNR and two recent measures.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Coupling Reactions: A New Strategy for C(sp<sup>3</sup>)—P Bond Formation. (2013)

Abstract A C(sp 3 )‐P bond formation reaction utilizing N‐tosylhydrazones as readily available alkylating reagents is developed.