gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extremely high modulation efficiency iii-v/si hybrid mos optical modulator fabricated by direct wafer bonding (2016)

We have demonstrated an optical modulator with an InGaAsP/Si hybrid MOS-based phase shifter on Si photonics platform by using direct wafer bonding. Since the electron-induced refractive index change in InGaAsP is much greater than Si, electron accumulation at the InGaAsP MOS interface enables an extremely high modulation efficiency. In conjunction with the void-free direct wafer bonding with ALD Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> bonding interface, we have achieved the superior InGaAsP/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /Si hybrid MOS interface. Thus, we have successfully fabricated the InGaAsP/Si hybrid MOS optical modulator, exhibiting a modulation efficiency V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">π</sub> L of 0.047 Vcm, approximately 5 times better than that of Si-based MOS optical modulators reported so far even with a similar EOT of 5 nm. Thus, the heterogeneous integration of InGaAsP on Si is effective for significantly improving performance of MOS optical modulators through breaking the inherent trade-off between the EOT scaling and modulation bandwidth.
Synthesis of Diverse Lactam Carboxamides Leading to the Discovery of a New Transcription‐Factor Inhibitor (2007)

Diversity is the key: Skeletal diversity is a useful starting point in the search for compounds that modulate protein–biopolymer interactions. A library of 400 lactam carboxamides has been synthesized in a short synthetic sequence and a new compound that inhibits the interaction of a transcription factor (HOXA13) with its DNA target has been discovered, and inhibition of transcription is demonstrated in cells. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z700762_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effect of Water Soluble Polymers on Spray Droplet Size (1988)

ABSTRACT THE effects of polymer type and concentration, nozzle orientation, nozzle core size, and liquid shear on the size distribution of spray droplets produced in a high speed airstream for mixtures of water, Triton X-100 surfactant, and polymer product were analyzed with a laser particle measurement system. The effect of polymer concentration on droplet size was found to be dependent on polymer type. Polyvinyl and polyacrylamide polymers were found to be more effective than linear alkyl epoxide or polymide copolymers in increasing volume median diameter and reducing the percentage of spray volume composed of small droplets subject to spray drift. Shearing the polymer spray mixtures by multiple passes through a gear pump reduced both liquid viscosity and the size of spray droplets produced by disc-core nozzles in a 190 km/h airstream
Tertiary Rotating Biological Contactors for Nitrification (1990)

The addition of rotating biological contactors (RBC) to existing treatment plants for tertiary nitrification showed many advantages over conventional one-stage RBC's. Compared to tertiary trickling filters, the nitrification rates could be doubled. In extended pilot experiments, it was demonstrated that nitrification can additionally be enhanced by a periodic change of the flow direction in a series of RBC's, by filtration of the wastewater between the first and the second biological stage (pre-filtration) and by the control of the rotational speed. The experimental findings were confirmed in a full scale two-stage RBC-plant with intermediate filtration.
Isolation and characterization of lignins from <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> Hill ex Maiden and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Labill. by enzymatic mild acidolysis (EMAL) (2007)

Abstract Despite the growing importance of Eucalyptus wood as raw material for pulp and paper, there is a lack of knowledge on the chemistry of their macromolecular components. The present paper addresses this issue by applying the recently developed protocol for isolating enzymatic mild acidolysis lignins (EMAL) from Eucalyptus grandis , Eucalyptus globulus and the softwood species Douglas fir and white fir, which were used for comparative purposes. The structures of EMALs were investigated by quantitative 31 P NMR, DFRC/ 31 P NMR (derivatization followed by reductive cleavage followed by quantitative 31 P NMR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Overall, the yields of EMALs isolated from Eucalyptus were higher than those from the softwoods examined. Lignin from E. globulus was found to contain higher contents of arylglycerol- β -aryl ether structures, free phenolic hydroxyl groups and syringyl-type units than lignin from E. grandis . New insights provided by the DFRC/ 31 P NMR revealed that up to 62.2% of arylglycerol- β -aryl ether structures in E. globulus are uncondensed, while in E. grandis the amount of such uncondensed structures was found to be lower than 48%. SEC analyses showed that lignins from E. grandis and softwoods associate in greater extension than lignin from E. globulus .
Emulating emulation-resistant malware (2009)

The authors of malware attempt to frustrate reverse engineering and analysis by creating programs that crash or otherwise behave differently when executed on an emulated platform than when executed on real hardware. In order to defeat such techniques and facilitate automatic and semi-automatic dynamic analysis of malware, we propose an automated technique to dynamically modify the execution of a whole-system emulator to fool a malware sample's anti-emulation checks. Our approach uses a scalable trace matching algorithm to locate the point where emulated execution diverges, and then compares the states of the reference system and the emulator to create a dynamic state modification that repairs the difference. We evaluate our technique by building an implementation into an emulator used for in-depth malware analysis. On case studies that include real samples of malware collected in the wild and an attack that has not yet been exploited, our tool automatically ameliorates the malware sample's anti-emulation checks to enable analysis, and its modifications are robust to system changes.
Electromagnetic micro x-y stage with very thick Cu coil for probe-based mass data storage device (2001)

We fabricated electromagnetic micro x-y stage for application to probe based mass data storage (PDS) devices. The stage consists of Si body containing planar copper coils, glass substrate bonded to the body, and 8 permanent magnets. The dimensions of springs and copper coils were determined so that a current of 100 mA would provide 50 μm motion in x and y. For application to PDS device, electromagnetic stage should have a flat top surface and coils of low resistance. So conducting planar copper coils have been electroplated within silicon trench of high aspect ratio (5 μm in width and 30 μm in depth). As insulating layer, polyimide was used. Silicon flexures with the height of 250 μm were fabricated by using ICP-RIE (Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etching). The characteristics of the fabricated electromagnetic stage were measured by LDV (Laser Doppler Vibrometer) and DSA (Dynamic Signal Analyzer). DC gain was 0.16 μm/mA and the maximum displacement was 42 μm at a current of 180 mA. The natural frequency was 325 Hz.
Super controlled gates and controlled gates in two-qubit gate simulations (2004)

In two-qubit gate simulations an entangling gate is used several times together with single qubit gates to simulate another two-qubit gate. We show how a two-qubit gate's simulation power is related to the simulation power of its mirror gate. And we show that an arbitrary two-qubit gate can be simulated by three applications of a super controlled gate together with single qubit gates. We also give the gates set that can be simulated by n applications of a controlled gate in a constructive way. In addition we give some gates which can be used four times to simulate an arbitrary two-qubit gate.
Oil Additives for the Evaluation of Hot Spot Temperature in Power Transformers During Overload Tests (1982)

An oil additive of the blowing-agent type, which decomposes rapidly above 132°C with accelerated gas evolution at a concentration of 1000 ppm in oil, has been used to determine the hot-spot temperature during overload tests on a 16 MVA power transformer. The formation of gas in the Buchholz relay indicates that this e ottest-oil temperature of 132 ± 2°C has just been reached somewhere in the transformer during the overload test. The method is simple and does not require the hot-spot location to be known in advance as in the case of acoustic or pressure transducer devices. Used during heat-run tests, when voltage is relatively low and gas formation not harmful to the transformer, it can bring useful information about the actual overload ecapability of the transformer. The hot-spot temperature obtained by this method with the 16 MVA power transformer was substantially higher than that deduced from the ANSI and IEC loading guides.
All-solid-state flexible supercapacitors based on papers coated with carbon nanotubes and ionic-liquid-based gel electrolytes (2012)

All-solid-state flexible supercapacitors were fabricated using carbon nanotubes (CNTs), regular office papers, and ionic-liquid-based gel electrolytes. Flexible electrodes were made by coating CNTs on office papers by a drop-dry method. The gel electrolyte was prepared by mixing fumed silica nanopowders with ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][NTf(2)]). This supercapacitor showed high power and energy performance as a solid-state flexible supercapacitor. The specific capacitance of the CNT electrodes was 135 F g(-1) at a current density of 2 A g(-1), when considering the mass of active materials only. The maximum power and energy density of the supercapacitors were 164 kW kg(-1) and 41 Wh kg(-1), respectively. Interestingly, the solid-state supercapacitor with the gel electrolyte showed comparable performance to the supercapacitors with ionic-liquid electrolyte. Moreover, the supercapacitor showed excellent stability and flexibility. The CNT/paper- and gel-based supercapacitors may hold great potential for low-cost and high-performance flexible energy storage applications.
Critical role of Cdc42 in mediating endothelial barrier protection in vivo (2008)

Activation of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 has been shown in endothelial cell monolayers to prevent disassembly of interendothelial junctions and the increase in endothelial permeability. Here, we addressed the in vivo role of Cdc42 activity in mediating endothelial barrier protection in lungs by generating mice expressing the dominant active mutant V12Cdc42 protein in vascular endothelial cells targeted via the VE-cadherin promoter. These mice developed normally and exhibited constitutively active GTP-bound Cdc42. The increase in lung vascular permeability and gain in tissue water content in response to intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide challenge (7 mg/kg) were markedly attenuated in the transgenic mice. To address the basis of the protective effect, we observed that expression of V12Cdc42 mutant in endothelial monolayers reduced the decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance, a measure of opening of interendothelial junctions, thus indicating that Cdc42 activity preserved junctional integrity. RhoA activity in V12Cdc42-expressing endothelial monolayers was reduced compared with untransfected cells, suggesting that activated Cdc42 functions by counteracting the canonical RhoA-mediated mechanism of endothelial hyperpermeability. Therefore, Cdc42 activity of microvessel endothelial cells is a critical determinant of junctional barrier restrictiveness and may represent a means of therapeutically modulating increased lung vascular permeability and edema formation.
Expression of retinoic acid‐metabolizing enzymes, <scp>ALDH</scp>1A1, <scp>ALDH</scp>1A2, <scp>ALDH</scp>1A3, <scp>CYP</scp>26A1, <scp>CYP</scp>26B1 and <scp>CYP</scp>26C1 in canine testis during post‐natal development (2016)

Mammalian spermatogenesis involves highly regulated temporal and spatial dynamics, carefully controlled by several signalling processes. Retinoic acid (RA) signalling could have a critical role in spermatogenesis by promoting spermatogonia differentiation, adhesion of germ cells to Sertoli cells, and release of mature spermatids. An optimal testicular RA concentration is maintained by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), which oxidize RA precursors to produce RA, whereas the CYP26 class of enzymes catabolizes (oxidize) RA into inactive metabolites. The objective was to elucidate gene expression of these RA-metabolizing enzymes (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and CYP26C1) and their protein presence in testes of young, peripubertal and adult dogs. Genes encoding RA-synthesizing isozymes ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3 and RA-catabolizing isomers CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and CYP26C1 were expressed in testis at varying levels during testicular development from birth to adulthood in dogs. Based on detailed analyses of mRNA expression patterns, ALDH1A2 was regarded as a primary RA-synthesizing enzyme and CYP26B1 as a critical RA-hydrolysing enzyme; presumably, these genes have vital roles in maintaining RA homeostasis, which is imperative to spermatogenesis and other testicular functions in post-natal canine testis.
Structural Characteristics of Cross‐Linking Sites in type V Collagen of Bone (1994)

To understand the role of type V collagen and its spatial interrelationship with type I collagen in bone matrix, the molecule's covalent intermolecular cross-links were structurally characterized. Type V collagen containing alpha 1(V), alpha 2(V) and alpha 1(XI) chains was isolated from bovine bone and reacted with NaB3H4 to label the cross-linking residues. Radiolabeled native molecules and isolated alpha chains were treated with sodium metaperiodate to cleave the divalent cross-linking bonds. Sequence analysis of the periodate-released peptides matched two of them to alpha 1(V) and alpha 1(XI) aminopropeptide domains. A third peptide was derived from the alpha 1(I) carboxytelopeptide domain of type I collagen. This latter peptide, therefore, came from a site of heterotypic cross-linking between types I and V collagens and accounted for about 15% of the total cross-linked peptides. Sequence analysis of isolated cross-linked tryptic peptides defined the helical sites of attachment of the periodate-released telopeptides and revealed that the putative aminoproteinase-cleavage sites in the alpha 1(V) and alpha 1(XI) chains are located in the molecule interior to the cross-linking residue. These data imply that type V collagen molecules in the extracellular matrix are primarily cross-linked to each other in a head-to-tail linear polymer that is linked laterally to type I collagen molecules in copolymeric fibrils.
Ascorbic Acid Analogs as Indirect Products of<i>Serratia marcescens</i> (1976)

Journal Article Ascorbic Acid Analogs as Indirect Products of Serratia marcescens Get access Takeshi Takahashi, Takeshi Takahashi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo Noko University, Fuchu, Tokyo 183, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigeo Murakawa, Shigeo Murakawa Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo Noko University, Fuchu, Tokyo 183, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masataka Barada Masataka Barada Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo Noko University, Fuchu, Tokyo 183, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 6, 1 June 1976, Pages 1255–1256, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1976.10862205 Published: 01 June 1976 Article history Received: 30 January 1976 Published: 01 June 1976
C6orf176: a novel possible regulator of cAMP-mediated gene expression (2011)

cAMP mediates diverse cellular signals including prostaglandin (PG) E(2)-mediated intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering activity in human ocular ciliary smooth muscle cells (hCSM). We have identified gene regulatory networks and key genes upon activation of the cAMP pathway in hCSM, using novel agonists highly selective for PGE(2) receptor subtypes EP2 or EP4, which are G protein-coupled receptors well known to activate cAMP signaling. Here we describe a novel, EP2/EP4-induced, primate-specific gene of hitherto unknown function, also known as C6orf176 (chromosome 6 open reading frame 176) and recently reclassified as noncoding RNA in NCBI's database. Its expression, as determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), is dramatically upregulated (>2,000-fold) subsequent to transduction of EP2/EP4/Gs/cAMP signaling not only in hCSM, but also in HEK cells overexpressing the recombinant receptors. Moreover, activation of other IOP lowering, Gs-coupled prostanoid receptors, such as DP1 and IP, as well as a direct activator of adenylyl cyclase, forskolin, also substantially upregulated C6orf176 in hCSM, while FP and TP, which are Gq-coupled prostanoid receptor subtypes, did not. Novel transcript variants carrying open reading frames, derived from an at least 67 kb genomic locus on chromosome 6q27 with putative alternative transcription start sites, were identified. Transcriptional upregulation of transcript variants as well as of two genes expressed in antisense orientation that partially overlap the transcribed C6orf176 region was observed, to varying degrees, subsequent to induction of cAMP signaling using various agonists. Small interfering RNA-mediated C6orf176 gene silencing experiments showed modulation of several cAMP-responsive genes. These transcriptional activities identify C6orf176 as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target in context with diseases linked to deregulated cAMP signaling. Also, the cAMP-inducible C6orf176 gene locus could be useful as a model system for studying transcriptional regulation by chromatin and RNA polymerase II.
A new cut of quartz for SAW devices with extremely small temperature coefficient by leaky surface wave (1986)

Abstract SAW devices are widely used as delay lines, oscillators and filters. Their characteristics are mainly determined by the SAW propagation characteristics on the piezoelectric substrate. This paper seeks to find a cut that produces better characteristics than those of the conventional Rayleigh wave. Theoretical and experimental investigations are conducted for the characteristics of leaky surface waves propagating on a quartz substrate. As a result, an extremely desirable cut is identified which is a θ = 14.7° cut from a rotated Y‐cut X‐propagation substrate. This cut has a zero temperature coefficient, the variation of the delay time is less than ±10 ppm over a wide temperature range of −20 ˜ 80°C, the propagation loss is only 2.6 × 10 −3 dB/λ and the propagation velocity of about 3940 m/s is much higher than that of an ST cut. This new cut is considered to be sufficiently practical for application to various SAW devices.
Inhibiting HDS and HYD reactions with quinoline on Co(Ni)–PMo(W)/Al2O3 catalysts: Effect of active phase composition on stability in the hydrotreatment of a model petroleum raw material (2017)

Со(Ni)–PMo(W)/Al2O3 catalysts are prepared using Keggin heteropoly acids H3PMo(W)12O40 and cobalt (nickel) citrate. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts are studied via low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Their catalytic properties are determined in the hydrotreatment of a model raw material containing dibenzothiophene, naphthalene, and different amounts of quinoline (up to 1000 ppm of nitrogen), and in the hydrotreatment of a straight-run diesel fraction and vacuum gas oil. The composition of Со(Ni)–PMo(W)/Al2O3 catalysts plays an important role in the hydrotreatment of a complex hydrocarbon raw material. Ni–PW/Al2O3 catalyst is more resistant to organonitrogen inhibitors than Ni(Co)–PMo/Al2O3 samples with more reactive active sites. Ni–PW/Al2O3 catalyst provides the greatest depth of conversion for sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the hydrotreatment of vacuum gas oil.
A new species and a new record of Lachnum from Taiwan (2003)

Volume: 87
Hypotensive Effects after Topical and Intra-Arterial Administration of ot-Adrenergic Agonists in Isolated Perfused Rabbit Eyes (1985)

The influence of nonselective and selective alpha-adrenergic agonists on intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied in isolated arterially perfused rabbit eyes. Drugs were given intra-arterially or topically. With either route of administration, no initial hypertensive phase was observed after l-epinephrine, l-norepinephrine, l-phenylephrine (alpha 1), or methoxamine (alpha 1), but there was an immediate ocular hypotensive effect. The alpha 2-agonist B-HT 920 caused a nonsignificant 1 mm Hg fall in IOP.
Acupuncture analgesia: Areas of consensus and controversy (2010)

Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China *Address: Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China. Tel.: +86 8280 1109; fax: +86 8207 2207. E-mail address:[email protected] Submitted August 12, 2010; revised October 8, 2010; accepted October 12, 2010.
Modulation of DNA Polymerase Noncovalent Kinetic Transitions by Divalent Cations (2016)

Replicative DNA polymerases (DNAPs) require divalent metal cations for phosphodiester bond formation in the polymerase site and for hydrolytic editing in the exonuclease site. Me(2+) ions are intimate architectural components of each active site, where they are coordinated by a conserved set of amino acids and functional groups of the reaction substrates. Therefore Me(2+) ions can influence the noncovalent transitions that occur during each nucleotide addition cycle. Using a nanopore, transitions in individual Φ29 DNAP complexes are resolved with single-nucleotide spatial precision and sub-millisecond temporal resolution. We studied Mg(2+) and Mn(2+), which support catalysis, and Ca(2+), which supports deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) binding but not catalysis. We examined their effects on translocation, dNTP binding, and primer strand transfer between the polymerase and exonuclease sites. All three metals cause a concentration-dependent shift in the translocation equilibrium, predominantly by decreasing the forward translocation rate. Me(2+) also promotes an increase in the backward translocation rate that is dependent upon the primer terminal 3'-OH group. Me(2+) modulates the translocation rates but not their response to force, suggesting that Me(2+) does not affect the distance to the transition state of translocation. Absent Me(2+), the primer strand transfer pathway between the polymerase and exonuclease sites displays additional kinetic states not observed at >1 mm Me(2+). Complementary dNTP binding is affected by Me(2+) identity, with Ca(2+) affording the highest affinity, followed by Mn(2+), and then Mg(2+). Both Ca(2+) and Mn(2+) substantially decrease the dNTP dissociation rate relative to Mg(2+), while Ca(2+) also increases the dNTP association rate.