gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of naturally processed T cell epitopes from glutamic acid decarboxylase presented in the context of HLA-DR alleles by T lymphocytes of recent onset IDDM patients. (1997)

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has been defined as a major target antigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). To identify the molecular ligands triggering a T cell response to GAD, a panel of human GAD65-specific T lymphocyte lines was generated from peripheral blood of three recent onset IDDM patients. All lines derived from a patient expressing the high-risk-conferring HLA-DR*0301/ *0401 haplotypes recognized a single epitope localized between amino acid positions 270 and 283 of GAD65, a stretch that is located in close proximity to the homology region shared with Coxsackie virus P2-C protein. All lines with this specificity were restricted to the DRA, B1*0401 product of the DR4 haplotype. Analysis of the GAD-specific T cell response in a second patient homozygous for DR4 haplotypes demonstrated that the same DRA, B1*0401 allele selected T cells specific for a different determinant. The T cell response profile in a third patient showed that DR*1501/ *1601-encoding haplotypes could present at least three different epitopes to GAD65-specific T lymphocytes. One of these epitopes was presented by a DR allele associated with the resistance-conferring DRB1*1501 haplotype. GAD-specific T cell lines could not be isolated from HLA class II-matched normal individuals. Our data reveal that (a) the T cell response to GAD65 is quite heterogenous in recent onset IDDM patients; (b) HLA-DR, not DQ, seems to be the principal restriction element used by T cells present at the onset of the disease; and (c) T cells responding to epitopes containing identical sequences to Coxsackie virus P2-C protein were not detected.
<i>In Situ</i>Visualization of Birth and Annihilation of Grain Boundaries in an Au Nanocrystal (2012)

The formation and vanishing processes of a low angle grain boundary (GB) in nanosized Au during tension and release of stress, respectively, were obsvered by in situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The nucleation of perfect dislocations led to the formation of a 15° low angle GB inside an Au nanocrystal upon off-axial tensile loading (coupled uniaxial tensile and bending stress). Strikingly, the dislocations were completely annihilated accompanied with the disappearance of the GB after the removal of external stress, indicating that plastic bending is recoverable in the nanocrystal. The back force and surface stress played important roles in such a pseudoelastic behavior. This transient GB dynamics cannot be captured in ex situ experimental investigations. Such pseudoelastic bending deformation in nanosized crystals will have an important impact on the designing of nanomechanical devices with ultrahigh bending capability.
A unified theory for designing optimal test generation and diagnosis algorithms for board interconnects (2003)

It is noted that, to test wiring interconnects in a printed circuit board, especially one equipped with boundary-scan devices, it is important to minimize the test size while maintaining diagnostic capability. This has provided the motivation for research work that explores efficient test generation and diagnosis algorithms. The authors propose a unified theory for designing various types of interconnect test algorithms. They demonstrate that the algorithms proposed in the literature are special cases of the general algorithms given in the present work. The new algorithms are shown to be optimal or near optimal for a given set of design and process parameters. They increase the designer's flexibility by offering a full range of solutions (i.e., test vector sets) based on various tradeoff criteria, such as test compactness and diagnostic accuracy. Parameters for quantifying the quality of the tests are described. The significance and limitations of the proposed algorithms are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Odd even shifts in SIMD hypercubes (1990)

A linear-time algorithm is developed to perform all odd (even) length circular shifts of data in an SIMD (single-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream) hypercube. As an application, the algorithm is used to obtain an O(M/sup 2/+log N) time and O(1) memory per processor algorithm to compute the two-dimensional convolution of an N*N image and an M*M template on an N/sup 2/ processor SIMD hypercube. This improves the previous best complexity of O(M/sup 2/ log M+log N).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh Networks: A Survey (2017)

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has gained significant momentum. However, the original design of BLE focused on star topology networking, which limits network coverage range and precludes end-to-end path diversity. In contrast, other competing technologies overcome such constraints by supporting the mesh network topology. For these reasons, academia, industry, and standards development organizations have been designing solutions to enable BLE mesh networks. Nevertheless, the literature lacks a consolidated view on this emerging area. This paper comprehensively surveys state of the art BLE mesh networking. We first provide a taxonomy of BLE mesh network solutions. We then review the solutions, describing the variety of approaches that leverage existing BLE functionality to enable BLE mesh networks. We identify crucial aspects of BLE mesh network solutions and discuss their advantages and drawbacks. Finally, we highlight currently open issues.
Impact of interfacial layer on low-frequency noise of HfSiON dielectric MOSFETs (2006)

Low-frequency noise measurements and analysis were performed on n-channel MOSFETs with HfSiON as the gate-dielectric material. The role of SiON interfacial-layer thickness was investigated. It was observed that these fluctuations can be described by the unified flicker-noise model that attributes noise to correlated carrier-number/mobility fluctuations due to trapping states in the gate dielectric. The model was modified to include the effect of different gate stack layers on the observed noise. The carrier-number fluctuations were found to dominate over the correlated mobility fluctuations in the measured bias range and more so at the lower gate overdrives. The noise magnitude showed a decrease with increasing SiON interfacial-layer thickness. Furthermore, an inverse-proportionality relationship was revealed between the effective oxide trap density and SiON thickness.
Oral Administration of Calcium Salts for Treatment of Hypocalcemia in Cattle (1993)

Milk fever is usually treated by i.v. administration of 8 to 10 g of Ca. Oral Ca salts have been suggested as an alternate treatment for milk fever. In our studies, plasma Ca concentration changes effected by various oral Ca preparations were compared. Solutions were administered by oral drenching of cows, and blood was obtained hourly. Calcium chloride increased plasma Ca better than Ca propionate, which increased plasma Ca better than Ca carbonate. A CaCl2 gel formulation increased plasma Ca better than Ca carbonate, but not as well as did Ca propionate. Concentrated solutions of Ca as CaCl2 increased plasma Ca better than diluted solutions. Rumen bypass of Ca salts increased plasma Ca concentration more than when Ca salts were placed into the rumen. Oral administration of 50 g of Ca as CaCl2 raised plasma Ca concentrations to the same extent as 4 g of Ca as CaCl2 given i.v. We also examined effects of oral Ca salts on plasma Ca concentrations of hypocalcemic periparturient cows and found that oral Ca treatment could treat mild cases of hypocalcemia. We also caution that CaCl2 use must be limited because excessive amounts cause severe metabolic acidosis.
Visual, in-place data flow modeling (2010)

The graphical UI-builder is a type of tool that has been implemented for many programming frameworks and programming languages, and it utilizes many useful and intuitive concepts facilitating easy UI-modeling and thus faster development of applications. In this paper we identify a problem of the separated design-view/data-view concept that is used in many GUI-builders, and we propose a solution to these problems. We present an approach that leverages visual, in-place, data flow modeling, making data flow modeling within UI-builders more efficient than in classic UI-builders and also, more efficient than in state-of-the-art presentation-oriented end-user modeling approaches.
Mechanism of fragmentation of alkylidene-Meldrum's acids. Carboxyketene, vinylketene, and methyleneketene intermediates from 5-cyclopentylidene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of fragmentation of alkylidene-Meldrum's acids. Carboxyketene, vinylketene, and methyleneketene intermediates from 5-cyclopentylidene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dioneCurt Wentrup, Gerhard Gross, Hans Michael Berstermann, and Primoz LorencakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 16, 2877–2881Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00216a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00216a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views513Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effect of light and temperature on lipid production in microalgae (2012)

Background: In the search for a renewable energy, micro algae have been proposed as a promising source of lipids that can be used to produce biodiesel. Method: Three species of marine microalgae, Isochrysis, Pavlova and Emilinania, were grown under controlled light and temperature conditions to screen for optimum lipid production. The growth rate was calculated from in vivo fluorescence. Chlorophyll a measured by fluorescence was used as a proxy for biomass. Further I modeled lipid concentration from both chlorophyll a fluorescence and fluorescence from the lipid dye Nile Red. Results: Selecting on high chlorophyll a specific lipid production rate, Emiliania preformed the best with a mean production of 0.32 mg/μg/d. Conclusion: The screening method was effective for growth rate and biomass, the Nile Red dye may need more work to detect lipids accurately.
Real-Time vehicle detection and tracking using deep neural networks (2016)

Dynamic vehicle detection and tracking can provide essential data to solve the problem of road planning and traffic management. A method for real-time vehicle detection and tracking using deep neural networks is proposed in this paper and a complete network architecture is presented. Using our model, you can obtain vehicle candidates, vehicle probabilities, and their coordinates in real-time. The proposed model is trained on the PASCAL VOC 2007 and 2012 image set and tested on ImageNet dataset. By a carefully design, the detection speed of our model is fast enough to process streaming video. Experimental results show that proposed model is a real-time, accurate vehicle detector, making it ideal for computer vision application.
Characterisation of nano-interdigitated electrodes (2008)

Interdigitated electrodes made up of two individually addressable interdigitated comb-like electrode structures have frequently been suggested as ultra sensitive electrochemical biosensors. Since the signal enhancement effects due to cycling of the reduced and oxidized species are strongly dependent on the inter electrode distances, since the nature of the enhancement is due to overlying diffusion layers, inter digitated electrodes with an electrode separation of less the non emicrometer a redesired for maximum signal amplification. Fabrication of submicron structures can only be made by advanced lithography techniques. By use of electron be amlithography we have fabricated arrays of interdigitated electrodes with an electrode separation distance of 200nm and an electrode finger width of likewise 200nm. The entire electrode structure is 100 micrometre times 100 micrometre, and the active electrode area is dictated by the opening in the passivation layer, that is defined by UV lithography. Here we report measurements of redox cycling of ferrocyanide by coupled cyclic voltammograms, where the potential atone of the working electrodes are varied and either an oxidising or reducing potential is applied to the complimentary interdigitated electrode. The measurements show fast conversion and high collection efficiency round 87% as expected for nano-interdigitated electrodes.
Cross-language information retrieval using latent semantic indexing and self-organizing maps (2005)

The present paper describes a method of fully automated cross-language information retrieval, which does not require any query translation. Namely, monolingual queries retrieve documents from a multilingual collection, which includes items from the query's source language. This is achieved by a method, which combines the construction of a multilingual semantic space using latent semantic indexing (LSI) and the clustering ability of self-organizing maps (SOM) for the generation of multilingual semantic categories. Tests on an English-Greek corpus reveal the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Hydrophobically Recovered and Contact Printed Siloxane Oligomers for General-Purpose Surface Patterning (2010)

Hydrophobic recovery of elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been well-known in various fields, such as microcontact printing (microCP), microfluidics, and electric insulation, etc., which has been believed to be due to the transfer of out-diffused siloxane oligomers in PDMS. The recovery phenomenon has been used to control surface energy of a substrate, due partly to its nanoscale thickness. In this work, we extend the use of recovered oligomers to a general-purpose surface patterning process, in combination with both dry and wet pattern transfer processes. The out-diffused and transfer-printed oligomers play exactly the same role of "ink" in the conventional microCP; thus, the present method can be termed as "inkless" microcontact printing (ImicroCP). Also, the detailed nature of recovered oligomers has been investigated, and they are found to have a molecular weight approximately 10 times larger than that of pristine, uncured PDMS oligomers. And the molecular weight distribution is very broad with a polydispersity index of approximately 15. Then, we present and discuss various aspects of the ImicroCP process, such as pattern transfer onto substrate via wet or dry etching, effect of process variables on printing results, minimum feature size achieved by the technique, repeated printing with the same stamp, and the generation of more complex patterns from simpler ones by applying multiple ImicroCP.
Characterization of a Salmonella choleraesuis isolate after repeated neutrophil exposure (1992)

Salmonella choleraesuis strain 38 (glycerol-positive fermentation) was repeatedly exposed to porcine neutrophils in an attempt to mimic in vivo conditions of the host immune system. After phagocytosis, viable intracellular S choleraesuis were isolated and the process was repeated at least 5 times. A fifth-passage strain-38 neutrophil-adapted clone, 38PMNa-5X, was isolated, and was compared with the parent wild-type strain 38 for changes. Strain 38PMNa-5X had increased resistance to killing by hydrogen peroxide and phagocyte killing by porcine neutrophils, as measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction. Strain 38PMNa-5X was less invasive than the parent strain on Vero cell monolayers, and had been cured of a 50-kb plasmid. The 50-kb plasmid was marked with bacteriophage mini-Mu (kanamycin resistant) and was reinserted into strain 38PMNa-5X. Strain 38PMNa-5X was avirulent in mice, but the isolates with reinserted plasmids had intermediate resistance to neutrophil and hydrogen peroxide killing and had restored invasiveness and mouse virulence. Differences in complement sensitivity and enzymatic activity were not observed between the strains.
Salp25D, an<i>Ixodes scapularis</i>Antioxidant, Is 1 of 14 Immunodominant Antigens in Engorged Tick Salivary Glands (2001)

Rabbits or guinea pigs infested with Ixodes scapularis acquire resistance to tick bites, a phenomenon, known as tick immunity, that is partially mediated by antibody. To determine the salivary gland antigens that elicit antibodies in the host, an I. scapularis salivary gland cDNA expression library was probed with serum from tick-immune rabbits. Sera from sensitized rabbits strongly recognized 47 of 100,000 library clones in an antibody-screening assay. These 47 clones encoded 14 different I. scapularis genes, including a glutathione peroxidase homologue. Expression of these 14 genes in engorged tick salivary glands was confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The I. scapularis glutathione peroxidase homologue, named salp25D, was expressed in both unfed and fed nymphal salivary glands. Recombinant Salp25D was able to catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of reduced glutathione and glutathione reductase. These results categorize the prominent salivary gland proteins in I. scapularis and demonstrate the presence of a potent antioxidant in tick saliva.
Co-Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin Promotes Neuronal Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury (2016)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) stimulates activation of astrocytes and infiltration of immune cells at the lesion site; however, the mechanism that promotes the birth of new neurons is still under debate. Neuronal regeneration is restricted after spinal cord injury, but can be stimulated by experimental intervention. Previously we demonstrated that treatment co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin, namely co-ultraPEALut, reduced inflammation. The present study was designed to explore the neuroregenerative properties of co-ultraPEALut in an estabished murine model of SCI. A vascular clip was applied to the spinal cord dura at T5-T8 to provoke injury. Mice were treated with co-ultraPEALut (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) daily for 72 h after SCI. Co-ultraPEALut increased the numbers of both bromodeoxyuridine-positive nuclei and doublecortin-immunoreactive cells in the spinal cord of injured mice. To correlate neuronal development with synaptic plasticity a Golgi method was employed to analyze dendritic spine density. Co-ultraPEALut administration stimulated expression of the neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3. These findings show a prominent effect of co-ultraPEALut administration in the management of survival and differentiation of new neurons and spine maturation, and may represent a therapeutic treatment for spinal cord and other traumatic diseases.
Role of the Region 23-28 in A&#946; Fibril Formation: Insights from Simulations of the Monomers and Dimers of Alzheimers Peptides A&#946;40 and A&#946;42 (2008)

Self-assembly of the 40/42 amino acid Abeta peptide is a key player in Alzheimer's disease. Abeta40 is the most prevalent species, while Abeta42 is the most toxic. It has been suggested that the amino acids 21-30 could nucleate the folding of Abeta monomer and a bent in this region could be the rate-limiting step in Abeta fibril formation. In this study, we review our current understanding of the computer-predicted conformations of amino acids 23-28 in the monomer of Abeta(21-30) and the monomers Abeta40 and Abeta42. On the basis of new simulations on dimers of full-length Abeta, we propose that the rate-limiting step involves the formation of a multimeric beta-sheet spanning the central hydrophobic core (residues 17-21).
Flotation of silicate minerals : physico-chemical studies in the presence of alkylamines and mixed (cationic/anionic/non-ionic) collectors (2001)

The mechanism of adsorption of long chain alkyl primary amines and, co-adsorption of amines and alcohols on silicate minerals (quartz and feldspar) were studied using FTIR (DRIFT and IRRAS) and XPS spectroscopy methods. The spectroscopy data were correlated with zeta-potential and Hallimond flotation results. The effect of alkyl chain length of mixed collectors in adsorption at solid/water interface is also examined. In addition, the underlying mechanism of the reported mixed cationic/anionic collector scheme for selective feldspar flotation from quartz is delineated through flotation, zeta-potential and infrared spectroscopy studies. Furthermore, the mixed collector system is applied for a successful separation of albite from Greek Stefania feldspar ore. For the first time, it was shown from infrared spectra that the amine cation forms strong hydrogen bonds with the surface silanol groups. The XPS spectra revealed the presence of molecular amine together with the protonated amine on silicate surface. Based on these observations, a model of successive two-dimensional and three-dimensional precipitation was suggested to explain amine adsorption on a silicate surface. The co-adsorption of long chain alcohols or sulfonates with amine cations leads to formation of a closer packed surface layer with synergistic enhancement of amine adsorption. The enhanced adsorption and hence higher flotation recoveries is discussed in the light of our experimental results.
RFInD: An RFID-Based System to Manage Virtual Spaces (2007)

We present RFInD, a cost-effective utilitarian system for locating objects using RFID technology. RFInD separates the notion of location from that of physical co-ordinates by using the abstraction of a virtual space. A virtual space is created by using RFID tags to label entities and locations in the physical space as references. RFInD manages the virtual space by using the references to create a spatial map, over which objects can be tracked and located. The target objects are labeled and embedded in a virtual space by associating them with proximate reference tags. RFInD creates the technology to automatically and efficiently manage these associations. In this work, we first characterize the capabilities of a commercially available RFID reader. We show how to use these capabilities for two tasks, namely proximity detection and tag association. RFInD uses these capabilities as primitives to create virtual spaces, embed objects in the virtual space, and navigate the space to track the embedded objects. Further, our experiments establish the effectiveness of our approach in managing virtual spaces
A Test of the Markovian Model of DNA Evolution (1994)

The Markov model of molecular evolution has recently received a significant amount of interest because its statistical nature allows for the testing of a number of evolutionary hypotheses. Here we propose a test which assesses whether data from two species sharing a common ancestor will fit a general Markovian model. We illustrate the test with two examples of data which appear at first glance not to fit a Markov model.