gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of dexfenfluramine in human liver microsomes and by recombinant enzymes: role of CYP2D6 and 1A2 (1998)

Dexfenfluramine has been widely used as an appetite suppressant in the treatment of obesity. It was recently shown that the apparent non-renal clearance of dexfenfluramine was significantly lower in poor metabolizers than in extensive metabolisers of debrisoquine which suggested the involvement of the polymorphically expressed enzyme, CYP2D6, in dexfenfluramine metabolism. In this study, human liver microsomes and yeast-expressed recombinant enzymes were used to examine dexfenfluramine metabolism in vitro. In human liver microsomes, the major product of dexfenfluramine was nordexfenfluramine with lesser amounts of a novel metabolite, N-hydroxynordexfenfluramine, and ketone and alcohol derivatives being formed. Eadie-Hofstee plots (v against v/[s]) of nordexfenfluramine formation between 1 and 1000 microM substrate concentration were biphasic in three of four liver microsome samples examined, with mean Km values of 3 and 569 microM for the high and low affinity enzymes, respectively. At a substrate concentration (0.5 microM) around the known therapeutic plasma concentration, there was negligible inhibition of microsomal dexfenfluramine N-dealkylation by sulphaphenazole and ketoconazole, but between 33 and 100% inhibition by quinidine, and 0-58% inhibition by 7,8-naphthoflavone in seven liver samples. In human liver microsomes, there was also a significant correlation (rs= 0.79, n = 10, P < 0.01) between dextromethorphan O-demethylation and dexfenfluramine (at 1 microM) N-dealkylation activities. Dexfenfluramine was a specific inhibitor (IC50 46 microM) of CYP2D6-mediated dextromethorphan O-demethylation in human liver microsomes but did not appreciably inhibit six other cytochrome P450 isoform-selective activities for CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2C19, 2E1 and 3A activities in human liver microsomes. Yeast-expressed recombinant human CYP2D6 metabolized dexfenfluramine with high affinity (Km 1.6 microM, Vmax 0.18 nmol min(-1) nmol P450(-1)) to nordexfenfluramine which was the sole product observed. Recombinant CYP1A2 was a lower affinity enzyme (Km 301 microM, Vmax 1.12 nmol min(-1) nmol P450(-1)) and produced nordexfenfluramine with small amounts of N-hydroxynordexfenfluramine. This is the first detailed study to examine the in-vitro metabolism of dexfenfluramine in human liver microsomes and by recombinant human P450s. We were able to identify CYP2D6 (high affinity) and CYP1A2 (low affinity) as the major enzymes catalysing the N-dealkylation of dexfenfluramine in human liver microsomes.
Supporting user-level exception handling on a multiprocessor micro-kernel: experiences with PLATINUM (1992)

Pulmonary glomus tumours are rare lesions, with few cases reported previously. Herein, we present the clinical and pathological features of a case of pulmonary glomus tumour. A 29-year-old female patient presented to our clinic complaining of cough, dyspnoea and left-sided chest pain. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax revealed a nodular lesion causing obstruction of the left main bronchus. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated a polypoid mass occluding the left main bronchus 10 mm distal to the main carina. Bronchoscopic biopsy was interpreted histologically as carcinoid tumour. Bronchotomy plus mass extirpation was performed with left thoracotomy. Microscopically, a tumoral structure composed of uniform cells with a round centrally located nucleolus and narrow eosinophilic cytoplasm was seen. Thin-walled vessels lined with endothelium were interspersed between tumoral structures. The cells were stained chromogranin and cytokeratin negative and strongly vimentin positive. The pathological diagnosis for the thoracotomy specimen was pulmonary glomus tumour. Follow-up chest CT was negative for recurrent tumour and the patient remains free of disease 17 months after surgery.
Acoustic characterization of a forest fire event (2008)

In this paper, a methodology to perform the acoustic characterization of a forest fire event is reported. A review of the influence of fuel type (litter, grass, shrubs, slash), fuel moisture, and weather factors on fire behaviour and on the relative acoustic spectrum has been carried out. Fire produced noise is basically due to periodic fluctuations of whirling structures at the fire's basis; these structures have natural low frequencies and are inversely proportional to fuel surface. The analysis of fire emission properties has been based upon laboratory and field testing, consisted of the burning of different fuels placed on tables or on field plots. The objectives of the trials have been the evaluation of fire acoustic spectra, with respect to the different fuel types and fire conditions. The frequency content of the acoustic signals has been evaluated; the results obtained have confirmed the main spectrum features reported in literature. Tests have also been made to evaluate the fire radiated heat to fibre optic sensors with cables in open air, buried or inside the flames, in order to characterise sensors behaviour with respect to fire, wind and smoke. The results of the tests have been used in the design phase of a new fire monitoring system made up of acoustic sensors, which is able to detect and track fires from the beginning, and fibre optic sensors, for a capillary monitoring of temperature in forest areas.
Research on the working mechanism of Bootkit (2012)

As all kinds of defendable and detection software protect information system from destroying by malware effectively, malware becomes more and more advanced too. Current malware continues to penetrate into the underlying bottom of computer system. Bootkit is the newest research product. Bootkit has powerful latent property and resists to most detection tools, which is harmful to information security seriously. In order to research how to detect Bootkit, we have to understand its working mechanism. The research history and actuality of Bootkit is introduced firstly. Moreover several important technologies related to Bootkit are described concretely. Further, the booting process of computer system is analyzed particularly. Then the working mechanism of Bootkit is present comprehensively from three categories of Bootkit. At last, we conclude this paper and indicate future work.
Los Alamos second-generation system for passive and active neutron assays of drum-size containers (1986)

We describe in a comprehensive fashion the Los Alamos second-generation system for passive and active neutron assays of drum-size containers. The developmental history of this 7-year project is presented with emphasis on the pulsed active neutron technique (differential dieaway), which has achieved milligram levels of assay sensitivity for both plutonium and uranium wastes. We describe in detail the matrix effects for both passive and active neutron assays. We present in a thorough fashion our novel approach to achieving comprehensive corrections for these matrix effects using measurements made during the assays. We develop a matrix correction formalism based on separate neutron absorption and moderator indices determined from these measurements. These are presented as a series of analytic functions fitted to the data. Absolute calibrations and calibration standards are discussed, as is a practical means (pink drum measurements) of achieving routine calibration verification at all implementation sites. We present our overall assay algorithm, integrating absolute calibrations with matrix corrections. We also present a systematic error formalism that is based on the matrix response data. Finally, we outline a strategy for the verification of our entire assay formalism. This is based on measurements with a set of salted waste matrix drums combined with systematic assay intercomparisons of well-characterized transuranic wastes.
Production of Bioactive Diterpenoids in the Euphorbiaceae Depends on Evolutionarily Conserved Gene Clusters     (2014)

The Euphorbiaceae produce a diverse range of diterpenoids, many of which have pharmacological activities. These diterpenoids include ingenol mebutate, which is licensed for the treatment of a precancerous skin condition (actinic keratosis), and phorbol derivatives such as resiniferatoxin and prostratin, which are undergoing investigation for the treatment of severe pain and HIV, respectively. Despite the interest in these diterpenoids, their biosynthesis is poorly understood at present, with the only characterized step being the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate into casbene. Here, we report a physical cluster of diterpenoid biosynthetic genes from castor (Ricinus communis), including casbene synthases and cytochrome P450s from the CYP726A subfamily. CYP726A14, CYP726A17, and CYP726A18 were able to catalyze 5-oxidation of casbene, a conserved oxidation step in the biosynthesis of this family of medicinally important diterpenoids. CYP726A16 catalyzed 7,8-epoxidation of 5-keto-casbene and CYP726A15 catalyzed 5-oxidation of neocembrene. Evidence of similar gene clustering was also found in two other Euphorbiaceae, including Euphorbia peplus, the source organism of ingenol mebutate. These results demonstrate conservation of gene clusters at the higher taxonomic level of the plant family and that this phenomenon could prove useful in further elucidating diterpenoid biosynthetic pathways.
Filosofía latinoamericana, momentos de su desarrollo (2007)

La filosofia, en sentido estricto, para sus calificaciones y denominaciones jamas debio haber sido reducida exclusivamente a gentilicios o a patronimicos. En si la filosofia no ha sido exclusivamente griega, latina, alemana o francesa, -pues los griegos se nutrieron de ideas de otros pueblos de la antiguedad, los romanos en mayor medida al tomar de la de los griegos, y los tiempos modernos alemanes y franceses tomaron mucho tanto de la filosofia antigua y medieval como de algunos de sus contemporaneos como ingleses, espanoles, holandeses, etc. De la misma forma que tampoco se debe admitir la existencia de una filosofia exclusivamente platonica, pues que hubiera sido de Platon sin Socrates y los presocraticos, ni tomista, pues cuanto le debe Tomas de Aquino a Aristoteles y a multiples pensadores latinos y cristianos, ni llamarse exclusivamente marxista, pues que hubiera sido de Marx sin Rousseau, Kant, Hegel o Feuerbach para solo mencionar los mas inmediatos, y no detenernos en Epicuro o Democrito que tanto le entusiasmaron durante su juventud o heideggeriana, pues quien imagina a Heidegger sin la poderosa huella de Nietzsche, Dilthey, Begson, Husserl, etc.
Natural killer cells. (1989)

Named for their apparent ability to function without prior sensitization, NK cells are the newest additions to the growing cast of immunopathologic effectors, which includes antibodies and immune complexes as well as cytolytic T cells and K cells. The understanding of NK activity has progressed to a level that permits investigators to consider its clinical exploitation in antitumor therapy.
3-D interaction with a large wall display using transparent markers (2010)

In this paper we proposed a new interface for interacting with large displays via small video devices such as a cell phone. We estimate the location of the camera relative to the display using a matrix of transparent markers embedded on display. As a result, our interface allows the user to interact with digital contents without being distracted by opaque visual markers. Our interface enables intuitive interactions such as pointing, rotating, dragging and dropping. Moreover, our use of a small hand-held camera device allows for interaction with large scale displays without the need for direct contact with the display surface. Thus our system is well suited for interactions when there is some distance between the user and the display. Our proposed system has applications to large scale advertisement displays and can enable interactions between individuals and large scale digital content.
Cloning and characterization of the structural gene for the class 2 protein of Neisseria meningitidis (1989)

The class 2 protein of Neisseria meningitidis is the major outer membrane protein and a porin. A lambda gt11 bank of meningococcal chromosomal DNA was screened with monoclonal antibodies against gonococcal protein IB that cross-react with meningococcal class 2 protein. Three independent immunoreactive clones were isolated. DNA sequence analysis indicated that these clones included regions encoding the N-terminal portion of the class 2 protein. An oligonucleotide of 21 bases that was complementary to this sequence was synthesized and used as a probe for a second screening of the lambda gt11 bank. One of the positive clones isolated contained the complete gene, including the ribosome binding site, but lacked the promoter region. On the basis of the DNA sequence, a protein of 360 amino acids was predicted. Comparison of the predicted protein sequence with that of gonococcal protein I showed little homology in six regions constituting 29% of the total amino acids, while the remainder of the coding frame showed 81% homology of amino acid residues. The DNA homology in the immediate 5' and 3' noncoding sequences was very striking. Following the putative transcription terminator, the 3' DNA sequence contained a complex pattern of direct and inverted repeats having some similarity to the 3' sequence of the gonococcal protein IB gene and very close homology to a sequence located in the pilS1 region (R. Haas and T. F. Meyer, Cell 44:107, 1986), an area of the gonococcal genome containing silent pilin genes.
Content-Based Recommendations within a QA System Using the Hierarchical Structure of a Domain-Specific Taxonomy (2012)

In this paper we present several content-based recommendation methods for a QA system that rely and use extensively the structure of a domain-specific taxonomy. Our goal is to add semantics to a typical content-based RS in order to improve the quality of the recommendations by mapping relevant keywords from the existing taxonomy to the available questions. In order to test and evaluate the effectiveness of the above mentioned methods, we conducted a supervised survey where we asked several users to rate the recommendations delivered using these methods. The results show that by combining the results retrieved by these methods, we obtain a range of recommendations that satisfy a variety of user expectations.
Understanding the Application of Raman Spectroscopy to the Detection of Traces of Life (2010)

Investigating carbonaceous microstructures and material in Earth's oldest sedimentary rocks is an essential part of tracing the origins of life on our planet; furthermore, it is important for developing techniques to search for traces of life on other planets, for example, Mars. NASA and ESA are considering the adoption of miniaturized Raman spectrometers for inclusion in suites of analytical instrumentation to be placed on robotic landers on Mars in the near future to search for fossil or extant biomolecules. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has been used to infer a biological origin of putative carbonaceous microfossils in Early Archean rocks. However, it has been demonstrated that the spectral signature obtained from kerogen (of known biological origin) is similar to spectra obtained from many poorly ordered carbonaceous materials that arise through abiotic processes. Yet there is still confusion in the literature as to whether the Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous materials can indeed delineate a signature of ancient life. Despite the similar nature in spectra, rigorous structural interrogation between the thermal alteration products of biological and nonbiological organic materials has not been undertaken. Therefore, we propose a new way forward by investigating the second derivative, deconvolution, and chemometrics of the carbon first-order spectra to build a database of structural parameters that may yield distinguishable characteristics between biogenic and abiogenic carbonaceous material. To place Raman spectroscopy as a technique to delineate a biological origin for samples in context, we will discuss what is currently accepted as a spectral signature for life; review Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material; and provide a historical overview of Raman spectroscopy applied to Archean carbonaceous materials, interpretations of the origin of the ancient carbonaceous material, and a future way forward for Raman spectroscopy.
The Innovation Potential of Bulk Nanostructured Materials (2007)

Abstract The innovation potential is high for bulk nanostructured materials (BNM) produced by methods of severe plastic deformation and accordingly this report focuses on very recent developments demonstrating the potential of using BNM for advanced and functional applications in engineering and medicine.
An in vitrobiofilm model system maintaining a highly reproducible species and metabolic diversity approaching that of the human oral microbiome (2013)

Our study demonstrates that we now have the capability to grow stable oral microbial in vitro biofilms containing more than one hundred operational taxonomic units (OTU) which represent 60-80% of the original inoculum OTU richness. Previously uncultivated Human Oral Taxa (HOT) were identified in the biofilms and contributed to approximately one-third of the totally captured 16S rRNA gene diversity. To our knowledge, this represents the highest oral bacterial diversity reported for an in vitro model system so far. This robust model will help investigate currently uncultivated species and the known virulence properties for many oral pathogens not solely restricted to pure culture systems, but within multi-species biofilms.
Micro Gas Turbine Integrated With a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle Turbine: Layout Comparison and Thermodynamic Analysis (2020)

Abstract In an energetic scenario where both distributed energy systems and smart energy grids gain increasing relevance, the research focus is also on the detection of new solutions to increase overall performance of small-scale energy systems. Waste heat recovery (WHR) can represent a good solution to achieve this goal, due to the possibility of converting residual thermal power in thermal engine exhausts into electrical power. The authors, in a recent study, described the opportunities related to the integration of a micro gas turbine (MGT) with a supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle (sCO2 GT) turbine. The adoption of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) as working fluid in closed Brayton cycles is an old idea, already studied in the 1960s. Only in recent years this topic returned to be of interest for electric power generation (i.e. solar, nuclear, geothermal energy or coupled with traditional thermoelectric power plants as WHR). In this technical paper the authors analyzed the performance variations of different systems layout based on the integration of a topping MGT with a sCO2 GT as bottoming cycle; the performance maps for both topping and bottoming turbomachinery have been included in the thermodynamic model with the aim of investigating the part load working conditions. The MGT considered is a Turbec T100P and its behavior at part load conditions is also described. The potential and critical aspects related to the integration of the sCO2 GT as bottoming cycle are studied also through a comparison between different layouts, in order to establish the optimal compromise between overall efficiencies and complexity of the energy system. The off-design analysis of the integrated system is addressed to evaluate its response to variable electrical and thermal demands.
Li<sub>12</sub>Si<sub>60</sub>H<sub>60</sub> Fullerene Composite: A Promising Hydrogen Storage Medium (2009)

By using the first-principles DFT calculations, we design a novel hydrogen storage material, Li(12)Si(60)H(60) composite, and validate its geometric stability. It is found that the adsorbed Li atoms do not cluster on the Si(60)H(60) fullerene unlike other metals such as Ti, owing to the relatively low Li-Li binding energy and the inhibition of Si-H bonds. Our results show that the Li-doping enhances the hydrogen adsorption ability of Si(60)H(60) significantly, owing to the charge transfer from the doped Li atoms to the host material and the polarization of the adsorbed H(2) molecules. By combining the first-principles calculation and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation, we further investigate the hydrogen storage capacity of the simulation-synthesized exohedral Li(12)Si(60)H(60) composite at T = 77 K. As the vdW gap (i.e., the separation between the surfaces of two Li(12)Si(60)H(60) fullerenes) is equal to 8.2 A, the total hydrogen uptake of the square-arranged Li(12)Si(60)H(60) array reaches 12.83 wt % at p = 10 MPa, while the excess hydrogen uptake shows a maximum of 7.46 wt % at p = 6 MPa. Impressively, at T = 298 K and p = 10 MPa, the Li(12)Si(60)H(60) array still exhibits a total hydrogen uptake of 3.88 wt % at the vdW gap of 8.2 A. These results clearly indicate that the composite, Li(12)Si(60)H(60) fullerene, is a promising candidate for hydrogen storage.
Experimental Three-Dimensional Description of the Liquid Hexadecane/Graphite Interface (2008)

By using an atomic force microscope based on a quartz tuning fork sensor, a 3-dimensional description of the interface between liquid hexadecane and a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface can be achieved at room temperature. The C16H34 monolayer in contact with the substrate surface exhibits a lamellar structure whereas no observation at the liquid/graphite interface by scanning tunnelling microscopy was reported for this alkane. The second layer shows very weak corrugations corresponding to lamella boundaries. Force/distance curves show at least four oscillations separated by 0.4 nm except for the first period with a 0.38 nm distance that corresponds to the layer closer the substrate. Such a description agrees well with molecular dynamics results obtained on alkane/solid interfaces.
The absorption spectra of acids from fish-liver oils (1935)

IT has already been demonstrated [cf. Gillam et
International Cancer Genome Consortium Data Portal--a one-stop shop for cancer genomics data (2011)

The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) is a collaborative effort to characterize genomic abnormalities in 50 different cancer types. To make this data available, the ICGC has created the ICGC Data Portal. Powered by the BioMart software, the Data Portal allows each ICGC member institution to manage and maintain its own databases locally, while seamlessly presenting all the data in a single access point for users. The Data Portal currently contains data from 24 cancer projects, including ICGC, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Johns Hopkins University, and the Tumor Sequencing Project. It consists of 3478 genomes and 13 cancer types and subtypes. Available open access data types include simple somatic mutations, copy number alterations, structural rearrangements, gene expression, microRNAs, DNA methylation and exon junctions. Additionally, simple germline variations are available as controlled access data. The Data Portal uses a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) to offer researchers multiple ways to quickly and easily search and analyze the available data. The web interface can assist in constructing complicated queries across multiple data sets. Several application programming interfaces are also available for programmatic access. Here we describe the organization, functionality, and capabilities of the ICGC Data Portal.