gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale patterning of an organosilane monolayer on the basis of tip-induced electrochemistry in atomic force microscopy (1996)

An organosilane trimethylsilyl (TMS) monolayer prepared on silicon (Si) substrate by chemical vapor deposition was successfully applied as a self-developing resist for atomic force microscope (AFM) lithography. The thickness of the monolayer was less than 1 nm. This resist was locally degraded due to electrochemical reactions induced in the junction between a conductive AFM probe and a Si–TMS sample. The generated pattern on the sample was then transferred to the Si substrate by chemical etching using the degraded region as an etching window. Degradation of the monolayer proceeded with both positive and negative sample biases. However, the absolute values of the voltage at which the probe-scanned region began to show etching were +3.0 for Vs&gt;0 and −5.0 V for Vs&lt;0, in a 60% relative humidity air atmosphere. Faster patterning was achieved through increased current flow by applying a higher bias voltage. A 500 μm/s line drawing at Vs=+20.0 V with 2–3 nA was obtained. The number of injected electrons was estimated to be hundreds of times larger than the number of TMS groups in the scanned area. We therefore concluded that only a small part of the current flowing through the probe-sample junction is actually responsible for the degradation.
Analysis and design of impedance transformed balun integrated microwave probe for differential circuit measurement (2008)

This paper presents an integrated broadband balun probe for differential circuit measurements. The balun consists of the two broadside coupled coplanar strips with a finite ground plane. A new analysis method for the Marchand balun is developed for optimizing design parameters. The design parameters are calculated from newly developed conformal mapping analytic expressions. This method verifies the serious effects of the ground plane width variation in a broadside coupled CPS. Final balun design shows a very wide bandwidth (20∼100GHz) with small phase difference (≪5°).
The Celebration of Nativity: "Broad-Axe Poem" (1984)

Presents a reading of Whitman's "Broad-Axe Poem" that emphasizes themes of "nativity" and "unification" and contends that "'Broad-Axe Poem' achieves in a most original way the fusion of Mother, Son and States that Whitman more explicitly, but less successfully, attempted in 'Poem of Many in One.'"
Secondary genetic lesions in acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16) or t(16;16): a study of the German-Austrian AML Study Group (AMLSG) (2012)

In this study, we evaluated the impact of secondary genetic lesions in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22); CBFB-MYH11. We studied 176 patients, all enrolled on prospective treatment trials, for secondary chromosomal aberrations and mutations in N-/KRAS, KIT, FLT3, and JAK2 (V617F) genes. Most frequent chromosomal aberrations were trisomy 22 (18%) and trisomy 8 (16%). Overall, 84% of patients harbored at least 1 gene mutation, with RAS being affected in 53% (45% NRAS; 13% KRAS) of the cases, followed by KIT (37%) and FLT3 (17%; FLT3-TKD [14%], FLT3-ITD [5%]). None of the secondary genetic lesions influenced achievement of complete remission. In multivariable analyses, KIT mutation (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.67; P = .04], log(10)(WBC) (HR = 1.33; P = .02), and trisomy 22 (HR = 0.54; P = .08) were relevant factors for relapse-free survival; for overall survival, FLT3 mutation (HR = 2.56; P = .006), trisomy 22 (HR = 0.45; P = .07), trisomy 8 (HR = 2.26; P = .02), age (difference of 10 years, HR = 1.46; P = .01), and therapy-related AML (HR = 2.13; P = .14) revealed as prognostic factors. The adverse effects of KIT and FLT3 mutations were mainly attributed to exon 8 and tyrosine kinase domain mutations, respectively. Our large study emphasizes the impact of both secondary chromosomal aberrations as well as gene mutations for outcome in AML with inv(16)/t (16;16).
Phytosterol and Tocopherol Components in Extracts of Corn Distiller's Dried Grain (2007)

As the ethanol industry continues to grow, it will become very important to develop value-added markets for its coproducts in order for the industry to remain profitable. Corn distiller's dried grain (DDG) is a major coproduct of ethanol fermentation from corn processed by dry-milling and is primarily sold as livestock feed. The objective of this research was to determine if valuable phytochemicals found in corn oil and corn fiber oil, such as phytosterols and their saturated equivalents, phytostanols, ferulate phytosterol esters (FPE), tocopherols, and tocotrienols, are retained in DDG. Hexane and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extracts of DDG were similar in their concentrations of total phytosterols (15.8-17.3 mg/g of extract), FPE (3.75-3.99 mg/g of extract), and tocols (1.7-1.8 mg/g of extract). Ethanol extracts were slightly lower in concentration of phytosterols (8.9-11.4 mg/g of extract), FPE (1.62-1.98 mg/g of extract), and tocols (0.73-0.76 mg/g of extract).
Catalytic Hydrogenation of 7-Methoxyflavanone and Flavanone (1968)

7-メトキシフラバノン(1) およびフラバノン(6) を種々の触媒 (漆原ニッケル, ラネーニッケル, パラジウム黒, パラジウム炭および酸化白金) を用いて室温常圧下に接触還元を行ない生成物を検討した。(1) からは, ラネーニッケル W5 を用いると2'-オキシ-4' -メトキシジヒドロカルコン(2)(mp 103℃)がえられ, 池のニッケル触媒およびパラジウム炭B を用いたときには(2) と4β-オキシ-7-メトキシフラバン(3)とがえられ, パラジウム黒を用いると(3)と 7-メトキシフラバン(mp 38℃)とがえられ, 酸化白金を用いると(3)と 1-(4-メトキシシクロヘキシル)-3-シクロヘキシルプロパン(mp43℃)とがえられた。(6)からは, ラネーニッケル W5 を用いると 4β-オキシフラバン(8)と 1-(2-オキシフェニル)-3-フェニルプロパノールとがえられ, 酸性溶液中でパラジウム触媒および酸化白金を用いると(8)とフラバンとがえられ, 他の条件では(8)がえられた。上の事実に基づいてフラバノン類の接触還元の機構について考察した。
Differential expression of a CAK (cdc2‐activating kinase)‐like protein kinase, cyclins and <i>cdc2</i> genes from rice during the cell cycle and in response to gibberellin (1997)

Progress through the eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent cdc2 protein kinases. In rice (Oryza sativa L), two cdc2 protein kinases, cdc2Os-1 and cdc2Os-2, and two cyclins, cycOs1 and cycOs2, have been described. In this study, we report on the cell-cycle phase-specific expression of these genes. Using partially synchronized suspension cells from rice, we found that cdc2Os-1 was expressed constitutively throughout the cell cycle. The cdc2Os-2 transcript level was elevated in G1 and S phase. The cycOs1 and cycOs2 transcripts increased steadily through G2 and dropped off rapidly in mitosis as is typical for mitotic cyclins. We hypothesize that the cdc2Os-2 gene product acts in G1/S and that the growth-promoting hormone gibberellin (GA) that induces expression of cdc2Os-2, cycOs1 and cycOs2 in the intercalary meristem of deepwater rice internodes accelerates G1/S phase progression through increased expression of cdc2Os-2 and G2/M phase progression through increased expression of the mitotic cyclins cycOs1 and cycOs2. The R2 gene from rice has 55% sequence identity to the cdc2-activating kinase (CAK) family of protein kinases which have been shown to phosphorylate and thereby activate cdc2 protein kinases in animals and yeast. In partially synchronized suspension cells, R2 mRNA levels were elevated in G1 and S phase. In GA-treated rice internodes, R2 transcript levels were elevated in the meristem and part of the elongation zone. These results are consistent with a role for R2 in regulating G1/S phase progression.
Protection of mice from lethal influenza by defective interfering virus: T cell responses (1992)

The immune-mediated lethal influenza in C3H/He-mg (H-2k) mice infected with A/WSN influenza virus (H1N1) was investigated. A primary class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response was found in the lungs with a peak activity at 5 days post-infection. Monoclonal antibody depletion in vivo showed that a lethal CD8+ cell response as well as a lethal CD4+ response was generated during infection. Mice survived infection only if both CD8+ and CD4+ cells were depleted. Mice infected with the same dose of virus, but treated with defective interfering (DI) A/WSN virus develop only a transient sub-lethal respiratory disease even though multiplication of virus in the lungs is undiminished, and we have shown here that this correlates with a reduction in the local CTL response. The mechanism by which DI virus beneficially modulates the immune response is discussed; it is proposed that there is classical, but cell type-specific DI virus interference in lymphocytes but not in the cells of the lung in which virus multiplies productively.
Intraflagellar transport and the flagellar tip complex (2004)

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is the term that refers to the microtubule dependent particle motility that is common to almost all flagella and cilia and is distinct from the mechanism of flagellar beating. IFT involves the rapid, bi-directional transport of molecular motors and their cargo proteins from the base to the tip of the flagellum and back again. While the basic mechanism of IFT is well established, the varied functions of this process are continually being elucidated. For example, although IFT plays a clear role in flagellar assembly, disassembly and stability, the exact sequence of events that take place when tubulin subunit addition and loss occur during flagellar assembly and disassembly, respectively, are unknown. Key to furthering our understanding of IFT is greater knowledge of the flagellar tip complex (FTC) because it is at the FTC that flagellar assembly and disassembly, cargo loading and unloading, and motor protein regulation occur. Yet these related processes may only represent one aspect of the importance of IFT in flagellar dynamics. IFT may also provide the basic elements of a signal transduction mechanism that functions to provide the nucleus with information about the outside environment and even about the state of the flagellum itself. Thus, IFT may function as the central component of a signal transduction system that controls flagellar gene transcription.
Studies on hemorrhagic pneumonia in Moschus sifanicus (2010)

A series of investigations were carried out including epidemiology, etiology and pathology on hemorrhagic pneumonia in Moschus sifanicus, which had prevailed in Xinglong Mountain National Nature Reserve District in Gansu province of China. The results indicated that the prevalence of this disease could be correlated with local humidity in Xinglong Mountain in Gansu province of China. The disease is caused by single infection of Pasteurella multocida or mix of P. multocida, Escherichia coliand Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and is a contagious disease. The pathological changes were mainly manifested in the vessel wall of bronchia and bronchiole appeared congested, bleeding, edemic with infiltration of inflammatory cells, mucosa of bronchiole degenerates, with the presence of necrosis and exfoliation,pulmonary alveolus generated suppuration, disaggregation and necrosis. It was concluded that the diseases are mainly caused by local bacteria and affected M. sifanicus finally die of hemorrhagic or purulent, necrotic pneumonia.   Key words: Moschus sifanicus, hemorrhagic pneumonia, pathologic changes,epidemiology, pathogens, humidity
Tetrahydrohomofolate and thymidylate synthetase from amethopterin-resistant mouse leukemia cells (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetrahydrohomofolate and thymidylate synthetase from amethopterin-resistant mouse leukemia cellsDavid. Livingston, Elizabeth J. Crawford, and Morris. FriedkinCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 8, 2814–2818Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00848a017https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00848a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Humoral and cellular immune responses of seronegative children vaccinated with a cold-adapted influenza A/HK/123/77 (H1N1) recombinant virus (1980)

Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of young, seronegative children were assessed after intranasal vaccination with a cold-adapted influenza. A/HK/77 (H1N1) CR 35 recombinant virus. Vaccines shedding influenza virus experienced a rise in hemagglutinin-inhibition antibody 15 to 30 days after vaccination. Vaccinees showed low but significant lymphocyte transformation to A/USSR (H1N1) by day 8 after vaccination, which decreased to prevaccination levels at 30 to 34 days. The lymphocyte transformation response occurred before serum antibody rises were detected by hemagglutinin-inhibition assay. No change in lymphocyte responsiveness was observed after vaccination as measured by phytohemagglutinin stimulation. Lymphocytes responded to in vitro incubation with inactivated influenza (H1N1) virus by producing interferon. The interferon produced was of type I and was observed in vaccinees and nonvaccinees both before and after vaccination.
Phosphorylation of Rabbit Reticulocyte Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor In vivo. Identification of Putative Casein Kinase II Phosphorylation Sites (1994)

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) is a multi-subunit protein which catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP in eukaryotic chain initiation factor 2. Phosphorylation of the 82-kDa subunit of GEF in vitro by casein kinase II (CK-II) is associated with a 5-fold increase in nucleotide exchange activity. However, phosphorylation of GEF in vivo has not been studied, and the kinase(s) that phosphorylate GEF have not been identified. The 82-kDa subunit of GEF was partially sequenced, and a synthetic peptide was used to generate polyclonal anti-peptide antibodies that react specifically with this subunit. To examine the phosphorylation of GEF in intact cells, the protein was isolated and purified extensively from metabolically 32P-labeled rabbit reticulocytes. Only the 82-kDa subunit was found to be phosphorylated, and on Western blots the anti-peptide antisera reacted specifically with the labeled subunit. Phosphoamino acid analysis indicated that phosphorylation occurred exclusively on Ser residues. Digestion with cyanogen bromide of in vivo labeled protein and GEF phosphorylated in vitro by CK-II produced comparable phosphopeptide maps. However, additional phosphopeptide bands were also observed with GEF derived from intact cells. Sequence analysis obtained by Edman degradation of the phosphopeptides was compared with the deduced amino acid sequence of a cloned 82-kDa subunit of GEF [Bushman, J. L., Asuru, A. I., Matts, R. L., & Hinnenbusch, A. G. (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 1920-1932]. Putative sites of phosphorylation were identified at Ser 703 and/or 704, which contain the sequence S(P)XXD, a CK-II consensus recognition motif.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Being in the Right Place: A Structural Analysis of Individual Influence in an Organization (1984)

Daniel J. Brass This research examined the relationships between structural positions and influence at the individual level of analysis. The structure of the organization was conceptualized from a social network perspective. Measures of the relative positions of employees within workflow, communication, and friendship networks were strongly related to perceptions of influence by both supervisors and nonsupervisors and to promotions to the supervisory level. Measures included criticality, transaction alternatives, and centrality (access and control) in the networks and in such reference groups as the dominant coalition. A comparison of boundary-spanning and technical-core personnel indicated that contacts beyond the normal work requirements are particularly important for technical core personnel to acquire influence. Overall, the results provide support for a structural perspective on intraorganizational influence.
Characterization of interleukin-13 receptor in carcinoma cell lines and human blood cells and comparison with the interleukin-4 receptor (1995)

The interleukin-13 receptor is characterized by ligand-binding and crosslinking studies and compared with the interleukin-4 receptor. Crosslinking of radio-labeled hIL-4 and hIL-13 to the receptors on human carcinoma and mast cell lines demonstrated a predominant subunit at 130 kDa with two other minor bands of lower molecular mass (75 kDa and 65 kDa) in autoradiography. All binding of 125I-IL-13 was specifically blocked when the carcinoma cell suspensions were incubated with an excess of unlabeled hIL-4. However, unlabeled hIL-13 was unable to completely displace 125I-hIL-4 from the 130 kDa protein. In addition, 125I-hIL-13 showed no binding to mouse fibroblast cells transfected with human 130 kDa hIL-4 receptor c-DNA. Using weighted nonlinear computer modeling of the data from several equilibrium binding studies with human mast cells, a model of two binding sites for IL-4 (Kd = 50 and 190 pmol/L) and one site for IL-13 (Kd = 100 pmol/L) fitted better than a one site model with a very high level of significance (F = 10.66, P < 0.0001). It can be concluded that human IL-4R and hIL-13R are similar but distinct. This conclusion is supported here for the first time by a strong statistical criterion.
Patterns of ocular dominance. (1973)

The dominant eye has been defined as the eye which is used to sight with, or whose input is favored when there is conflicting information to the two eyes. Many investigators report differences in measured dominance as a function of the test used. Fifty-seven normal subjects were tested on thirteen different tests for ocular dominance. Analysis of the results reveals three types of ocular dominance: sighting dominance, sensory dominance and acuity dominance.
Metabolomic Profiling in LRRK2-Related Parkinson's Disease (2009)

These findings show that LRRK2 patients with the G2019S mutation have unique metabolomic profiles that distinguish them from patients with idiopathic PD. Furthermore, asymptomatic LRRK2 carriers can be separated from gene negative family members, which raises the possibility that metabolomic profiles could be useful in predicting which LRRK2 carriers will eventually develop PD. The results also suggest that there are aberrations in the purine pathway in PD which may occur upstream from uric acid.
Quality-of-Service-Aware Data Stream Processing (2006)

Data stream processing in the industrial as well as in the academic field has gained more and more importance during the last years. Consider the monitoring of industrial processes as an example. There, sensors are mounted to gather lots of data within a short time range. Storing and post-processing these data may occasionally be useless or even impossible. On the one hand, only a small part of the monitored data is relevant. To efficiently use the storage capacity, only a preselection of the data should be considered. On the other hand, it may occur that the volume of incoming data is generally too high to be stored in time or–in other words–the technical efforts for storing the data in time would be out of scale. Processing data streams in the context of this thesis means to apply database operations to the stream in an on-the-fly manner (without explicitly storing the data). The challenges for this task lie in the limited amount of resources while data streams are potentially infinite. Furthermore, data stream processing must be fast and the results have to be disseminated as soon as possible. This thesis focuses on the latter issue. The goal is to provide a so-called Quality-of-Service (QoS) for the data stream processing task. Therefore, adequate QoS metrics like maximum output delay or minimum result data rate are defined. Thereafter, a cost model for obtaining the required processing resources from the specified QoS is presented. On that basis, the stream processing operations are scheduled. Depending on the required QoS and on the available resources, the weight can be shifted among the individual resources and QoS metrics, respectively. Calculating and scheduling resources requires a lot of expert knowledge regarding the characteristics of the stream operations and regarding the incoming data streams. Often, this knowledge is based on experience and thus, a revision of the resource calculation and reservation becomes necessary from time to time. This leads to occasional interruptions of the continuous data stream processing, of the delivery of the result, and thus, of the negotiated Quality-of-Service. The proposed robustness concept supports the user and facilitates a decrease in the number of interruptions by providing more resources.
A Microtissue Platform to Simultaneously Actuate and Detect Mechanical Forces via Non-Contact Magnetic Approach (2020)

Mechanical control is essential for adaptive regulation in biological systems. This work presents a magnetic, non-contact approach to simultaneous detection and actuation in a microscale tissue testbed. The platform builds upon previously developed passive mechanical platforms, where tissues self-assemble on flexible pillars. Standard detection is typically derived from microscope images and actuation is often conducted using invasive approaches. In the presented platform, actuation and detection, both derived from magnetic fields, are demonstrated with high spatial, temporal, and force resolution resulting in a detectable 0.6 μm step-size in air. The forced deflection range is +/-125 microns (+/-10% strain), and an arbitrary magnitude step-and-settle actuation is achieved in less than 1 ms. Engineered human cardiac microtissue is used to demonstrate the capabilities of the system, as cardiac tissues generate contractions and adapt to external forces. Spontaneous contractions are monitored for an hour by a built-in sensor with a signal-to-noise of 2. Cyclic actuation at 1 Hz using a 1 mT/mm magnetic field is demonstrated, where max tissue strain is 0.3%. All this is achieved in a moderate-throughput, compact device, which is easily integrated into the typical flow of biological experimentation. Simultaneous control of actuation and detection enables decisions to be made on a sample-specific basis, and in future developments, will enable arbitrary design of the mechanical environment for 3D tissue conditioning, maturation, and control.
A replication stress-induced synchronization method for Arabidopsis thaliana root meristems (2010)

Synchronized cell cultures are an indispensable tool for the identification and understanding of key regulators of the cell cycle. Nevertheless, the use of cell cultures has its disadvantages, because it represents an artificial system that does not completely mimic the endogenous conditions that occur in organized meristems. Here, we present a new and easy method for Arabidopsis thaliana root tip synchronization by hydroxyurea treatment. A major advantage of the method is the possibility of investigating available Arabidopsis cell-cycle mutants without the need to generate cell cultures. As a proof of concept, the effects of over-expression of a dominant negative allele of the B-type cyclin-dependent kinase CDKB1;1 gene on cell-cycle progression were tested. The previously observed prolonged G₂ phase was confirmed, but was found to be compensated for by a reduced G₁ phase. Furthermore, altered S-phase kinetics indicated a functional role for CDKB1;1 during the replication process.