gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What is Missing in Current Checkpoint Interval Models? (2011)

The growth in the number of components that compose parallel computers increases their fault frequency. Currently, in such systems faults are no longer a rare event but a common problem, thus some sort of fault tolerance should be provided. In general, fault tolerance protocols rely on checkpoints. A common question surrounding check pointing is the definition of the checkpoint interval. In this paper we propose the modelling of the relationship established between the parallel applications processes due to the messages exchange in order to incorporate this relationship into current checkpoint interval models. The experimental evaluation shows that the use of our checkpoint interval model based on the definition of the parallel application inter-process dependency factor is effective to calculate the checkpoint interval for parallel applications. Our results demonstrate that the overhead prediction error is smaller than 4% in comparison with the application execution.
Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from the caecal content of a broiler chicken (2008)

Five isolates that produced large amounts of butyrate were obtained in the course of a study on the butyrate-producing microbiota from the caecal content of a 4-week-old broiler chicken. The five isolates were virtually indistinguishable in biochemical and genetic terms, suggesting that they were derived from a single bacterial clone colonizing this habitat. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the five isolates represented a unique lineage within the Clostridium leptum subgroup of the clostridia, with Eubacterium desmolans as the closest phylogenetic neighbour (about 93 % similarity). These data indicate that the five novel isolates represent a single novel species within a novel genus, for which we propose the name Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum is 25-3(T) (=LMG 24109(T) =CCUG 55265(T)). The DNA G+C content of strain 25-3(T) was 54.5 mol% .
A<i>Mutator</i>Transposon Insertion Is Associated With Ectopic Expression of a Tandemly Repeated Multicopy<i>Myb</i>Gene<i>pericarp color1</i>of Maize (2008)

The molecular basis of tissue-specific pigmentation of maize carrying a tandemly repeated multicopy allele of pericarp color1 (p1) was examined using Mutator (Mu) transposon-mediated mutagenesis. The P1-wr allele conditions a white or colorless pericarp and a red cob glumes phenotype. However, a Mu-insertion allele, designated as P1-wr-mum6, displayed an altered phenotype that was first noted as occasional red stripes on pericarp tissue. This gain-of-pericarp-pigmentation phenotype was heritable, yielding families that displayed variable penetrance and expressivity. In one fully penetrant family, deep red pericarp pigmentation was observed. Several reports on Mu suppressible alleles have shown that Mu transposons can affect gene expression by mechanisms that depend on transposase activity. Conversely, the P1-wr-mum6 phenotype is not affected by transposase activity. The increased pigmentation was associated with elevated mRNA expression of P1-wr-mum6 copy (or copies) that was uninterrupted by the transposons. Genomic bisulfite sequencing analysis showed that the elevated expression was associated with hypomethylation of a floral-specific enhancer that is approximately 4.7 kb upstream of the Mu1 insertion site and may be proximal to an adjacent repeated copy. We propose that the Mu1 insertion interferes with the DNA methylation and related chromatin packaging of P1-wr, thereby inducing expression from gene copy (or copies) that is otherwise suppressed.
Synthesis and spasmolytic activities of 2-(1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-3{[.omega.-(dialkylamino)alkoxy]phenyl}acrylonitriles (1982)

Several 2-(1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-3-[[omega-(dialkylamino)alkoxy]phenyl]acrylonitrile derivatives were synthesized and screened for potential spasmolytic activity. The effect of structural variation of these molecules on biological activities was systematically examined. Among these compounds, (Z)-2-(1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-3-[2-(2-piperidinoethoxy)-phenyl]acrylonitrile (1d), (Z)-2-(1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-3-[2-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl]acrylonitrile (1f), and their analogues (3c,d) having a methoxy substituent at C5 of the benzoisoxazole ring showed potent antispasmodic activities in the in vitro and in vivo studies.
Mapping and Structural Dissection of Human 20 S Proteasome Using Proteomic Approaches (2002)

The proteasome, a proteolytic complex present in all eukaryotic cells, is part of the ATP-dependent ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. It plays a critical role in the regulation of many physiological processes. The 20 S proteasome, the catalytic core of the 26 S proteasome, is made of four stacked rings of seven subunits each (alpha7beta7beta7alpha7). Here we studied the human 20 S proteasome using proteomics. This led to the establishment of a fine subunit reference map and to the identification of post-translational modifications. We found that the human 20 S proteasome, purified from erythrocytes, exhibited a high degree of structural heterogeneity, characterized by the presence of multiple isoforms for most of the alpha and beta subunits, including the catalytic ones, resulting in a total of at least 32 visible spots after Coomassie Blue staining. The different isoforms of a given subunit displayed shifted pI values, suggesting that they likely resulted from post-translational modifications. We then took advantage of the efficiency of complementary mass spectrometric approaches to investigate further these protein modifications at the structural level. In particular, we focused our efforts on the alpha7 subunit and characterized its N-acetylation and its phosphorylation site localized on Ser(250).
Meeting the NVH Computational Challenge: Automated Multi-level Substructuring #326 (2000)

Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) analysis has presented a formidable computational challenge in the last several years. Accurate prediction of automobile frequency response at higher frequencies requires FE models which have millions of DOF. For obtaining frequency response over a broad frequency range, only the modal frequency response approach has been practical, and only vector supercomputers have been capable of solving for natural frequencies and modes in an acceptable amount of time. However, these machines are very expensive, and their future availability is uncertain.
Direct-dependency-based software compatibility testing (2007)

Software compatibility testing is an important quality assurance task aimed at ensuring that component-based software systems build and/or execute properly across a broad range of user system configurations. Because each configuration can involve multiple components with different versions, and because there are complex and changing interdependencies between components and their versions, it is generally infeasible to test all potential configurations. Therefore, compatibility testing usually means examining only a handful of default or popular configurations to detect problems, and as a result costly errors can and do escape to the field
<i>LATS2</i> Is a Tumor Suppressor Gene of Malignant Mesothelioma (2011)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive neoplasm associated with asbestos exposure. We carried out genome-wide array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis with 14 MM cell lines. Three cell lines showed overlapping homozygous deletion at chromosome 13q12, which harbored the LATS2 (large tumor suppressor homolog 2) gene. With 6 other MM cell lines and 25 MM tumors, we found 10 inactivating homozygous deletions or mutations of LATS2 among 45 MMs. LATS2 encodes a serine/threonine kinase, a component of the Hippo tumor-suppressive signaling pathway, and we transduced LATS2 in MM cells with its mutation. Transduction of LATS2 inactivated oncoprotein YAP, a transcriptional coactivator, via phosphorylation, and inhibited MM cell growth. We also analyzed LATS2 immunohistochemically and found that 13 of 45 MM tumors had low expression of LATS2. Because NF2 is genetically mutated in 40% to 50% of MM, our data indicate that Hippo pathway dysregulation is frequent in MM cells with inactivation of LATS2 or an upstream regulator of this pathway, Merlin, which is encoded by NF2. Thus, our results suggest that the inactivation of LATS2 is one of the key mechanisms for constitutive activation of YAP, which induces deregulation of MM cell proliferation.
Parallelizing a reservoir simulator using MPI (2002)

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) was developed to address the issue of portability of parallel codes to different parallel computers. It has been implemented on Intel iPSC/860, IBM SP1/SP2, clusters of workstations and many other architectures, providing the possibility of running the same parallel code on all of these computing platforms without changing the source code. Since MPI is implemented on top of the customized communication subroutines provided by the specific vendor for a specific machine, we are concerned about the influence of MPI on the performance of parallel codes. In this paper, a reservoir simulator was implemented on iPSC/860 using both the NX communication library provided by Intel and the MPI. Extensive numerical experiments have been conducted to compare the performance and scalability of the code using MPI with that using the NX communication library. It is found that the code using MPI has maintained the same performance and scalability as the code using the customized communication library.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of combination therapy (ANG II antagonist, valsartan and a calcium channel blocker) in a hypertensive model of diabetic nephropathy (2000)

Recently, it has been suggested that in the context of diabetes and hypertension, more aggressive blood pressure targets should be considered. To achieve these levels of blood pressure control, it is likely that combination therapy will need to be used. The present study has explored the role of the addition of either a dihydropyridine or a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) to Ang II antagonist based treatment in an experimental model of hypertension and diabetes. The doses chosen for the combination therapy groups were lower than those used with monotherapy in order to achieve similar antihypertensive efficacy. Diabetic (streptozotocin induced) SHR were randomised to no treatment, valsartan (30 mg/kg/day), the non-dihydropyridine CCB verapamil (20 mg/kg/day), the dihydropyridine CCB amlodipine (6 mg/kg/day), a combination of valsartan and amlodipine (20 mg + 4 mg/kg/day respectively) or valsartan and verapamil (20 mg + 15 mg/kg/day respectively). Serial measurements of systolic blood pressure (BP) and albumin excretion rate (AER) were performed monthly (data are shown at week 16 for AER and mean of wk 20–28 for BP). This model was associated with hypertension (control, 217 ± 8, diabetic, 200 ± 5 mmHg) which was reduced by most treatments to a similar degree (valsartan 165 ± 3, amlodipine 164 ± 2, verapamil 182 ± 4, valsartan + amlodipine 151 ± 3 and valsartan + verapamil 169 ± 5 mmHg). Diabetes was associated with a progressive increase in AER (control 1.5 vs diabetic 17 mg/24 hr). Valsartan retarded the increase in AER (11 mg/24 hr). Similar efficacy was observed in the valsartan + amlodipine combination (9 mg/24 hr) but not with amlodipine alone (16 mg/24 hr) despite similar effects on blood pressure. No advantage of verapamil versus amlodipine either as monotherapy or in combination with valsartan was observed. The present study indicates that the combination of an Ang II antagonist and a dihydropyridine CCB is an effective regimen at reducing blood pressure and albuminuria in the context of diabetes and hypertension.
Factor X inhibitors (2003)

Factor X plays a central role in coagulation, being the point of convergence of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of blood clotting. It may also act as one of the links between the coagulation and inflammatory pathways. These findings suggest that factor X may represent an attractive target for a new antithrombotic drug. Indeed, a factor X inhibitor, fondaparinux, has already been approved for clinical use to prevent post-operative deep vein thrombosis. Factor X inhibitors are also being evaluated for use in the treatment of the acute coronary syndromes, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Oral factor X inhibitors are also being developed, which may be of use in the outpatient prevention and/or treatment of stroke and thromboembolism.
A Biologically Inspired Cu<sup>I</sup>/Topaquinone‐Like Co‐Catalytic System for the Highly Atom‐Economical Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Amines to Imines (2012)

Acting together: Low catalytic amounts of CuI and topaquinone-like catalyst 1ox (see scheme) are sufficient to activate the α-CH bond of primary amines, which are converted into alkylated imines under ambient conditions. This atom-economical process tolerates the presence of various reactive functional groups and allows selective cross-coupling of two amines.
Performance of Gel and Paste Bait Products for German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) Control: Laboratory and Field Studies (1992)

Gel and paste bait formulations containing boric acid or hydramethylnon were evaluated in field and laboratory experiments with the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Bait formulations contained 14-62% water by weight and lost the most water after 1 d of desiccation. Bait age and water content did not alter the toxicity (LT50) of boric acid-based baits. Toxicity of hydramethylnon (Maxforce) bait, however, increased with bait age. In continuous exposure tests without harborage, boric acid formulations had LT50s of 8.5 and 10.1 d for Blue Diamond and IT WORKS, respectively. Maxforce bait had an LT50 of 4.2 d. LT50s determined with cardboard harborage or in Ebeling choice boxes were 1.5 to 2.2 times lower than those from continuous exposure tests without harborage. Relative repellency, measured as the mean percent of live cockroaches in the light side of the choice box, was greatest for IT WORKS (21.4%) and Maxforce (25.4%) formulations, followed by Blue Diamond (10.9%). A performance index that combined choice box repellency and mortality data indicated that Maxforce had the greatest potential for field effectiveness. Blue Diamond and Maxforce significantly reduced German cockroach populations in the field. Maxforce performed best in field trials when applied at 10 or 20 placements per apartment. Apartments treated with IT WORKS had significantly greater cockroach trap catches. Factors that may affect the predictive power of the performance index are discussed.
Electrical impedance tomography-based sensing skin for quantitative imaging of damage in concrete (2014)

This paper outlines the development of a large-area sensing skin for damage detection in concrete structures. The developed sensing skin consists of a thin layer of electrically conductive copper paint that is applied to the surface of the concrete. Cracking of the concrete substrate results in the rupture of the sensing skin, decreasing its electrical conductivity locally. The decrease in conductivity is detected with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) imaging. In previous works, electrically based sensing skins have provided only qualitative information on the damage on the substrate surface. In this paper, we study whether quantitative imaging of the damage is possible. We utilize application-specific models and computational methods in the image reconstruction, including a total variation (TV) prior model for the damage and an approximate correction of the modeling errors caused by the inhomogeneity of the painted sensing skin. The developed damage detection method is tested experimentally by applying the sensing skin to polymeric substrates and a reinforced concrete beam under four-point bending. In all test cases, the EIT-based sensing skin provides quantitative information on cracks and/or other damages on the substrate surface: featuring a very low conductivity in the damage locations, and a reliable indication of the lengths and shapes of the cracks. The results strongly support the applicability of the painted EIT-based sensing skin for damage detection in reinforced concrete elements and other substrates.
Enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity and diminished immediate-type hypersensitivity in mice lacking the inducible VPAC<sub>2</sub>receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide (2001)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its G protein-coupled receptors, VPAC(1)R and VPAC(2)R, are prominent in the immune system and regulate many aspects of T cell-dependent immunity. In mouse T cells, VPAC(1)R is expressed constitutively, whereas VPAC(2)R is induced by immune stimuli. VPAC(2)R-null (VPAC(2)R(-/-)) mice on a C57BL/6 background are shown here to have normal basic immune characteristics, including serum Ig concentrations, blood levels of all leukocytes, and spleen number of total T cells (CD3(+)) and T cells bearing CD4, CD8, and CD28. Hapten-evoked cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was significantly enhanced in VPAC(2)R-null mice compared with age- and sex-matched wild-type mice. In contrast, generation of IgE anti-hapten antibodies and active cutaneous anaphylaxis were > or =70% lower in VPAC(2)R-null mice than in wild-type controls. Cytokine production by splenic CD4(+) T cells, stimulated with adherent anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 antibodies, revealed higher levels of IL-2 (mean = 3-fold) and IFN-gamma (mean = 3-fold), and lower levels of IL-4 (mean = one-fifth) in VPAC(2)R-null mice than wild-type controls. Loss of VIP-VPAC(2)R maintenance of the normal ratio of Th2/Th1 cytokines thus leads to a state of enhanced DTH and depressed immediate-type hypersensitivity, which may alter both host defense and susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases.
Oxidized LDL Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Induced Endothelial Cell Migration by an Inhibitory Effect on the Akt/Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway (2001)

Background —Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) inhibits endothelial cell (EC) migration. Stimulating ECs with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) leads to the activation of Akt/protein kinase B, which in turn activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by phosphorylation on serine 1177. VEGF-induced cell migration is dependent on the generation of nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, we investigated whether oxLDL affects EC migration by an inhibitory effect on the Akt/eNOS pathway. Methods and Results —During an in vitro “scratched wound assay,” oxLDL dose-dependently inhibited the VEGF-induced migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Western blot analysis revealed that oxLDL dose- and time-dependently led to dephosphorylation and thus deactivation of Akt. Moreover, oxLDL inhibited the VEGF-induced generation of NO, as detected and quantified using a fluorescent NO indicator, 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate. Overexpression of a constitutively active Akt construct (Akt T308D/S473D) or a phosphomimetic eNOS construct (eNOS S1177D) almost completely reversed the inhibitory effect of oxLDL on VEGF-induced EC migration and NO generation. Conclusions —Our data indicate that oxLDL-induced dephosphorylation of Akt, followed by impaired eNOS activation, reduces the intracellular level of NO and thereby inhibits VEGF-induced EC migration.
Excitatory Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Devices (2006)

Shoogle is a novel, intuitive interface for sensing data within a mobile device, such as presence and properties of text messages or remaining resources. It is based around active exploration: devices are shaken, revealing the contents rattling around “inside”. Vibrotactile display and realistic impact sonification create a compelling system. Inertial sensing is used for completely eyes-free, single-handed interaction that is entirely natural. Prototypes are described running both on a PDA and on a mobile phone with a wireless sensor pack. Scenarios of use are explored where active sensing is more appropriate than the dominant alert paradigm.
JasPer: a software-based JPEG-2000 codec implementation (2000)

A software-based implementation of the image codec specified in the emerging JPEG-2000 standard is discussed. The run-time complexity and coding performance of this implementation are also analyzed.
The hand as a shading probe (2013)

To render computer graphics (CG) objects realistically in the real world, it is important to match their shadings to the scene. Existing methods to achieve such realism are not applicable to realtime consumer augmented reality (AR). Debevec's method requires a mirrored sphere, which ordinary consumers do not have [Debevec 1998]. Karsh's method requires user annotation, which makes it difficult to use in a realtime application [Karsch et al. 2011].
Mullite Fiber Reinforced Alumina Ceramic Matrix Composites (2008)

Mullite fiber reinforced alumina ceramic matrix composites (MFACC) were prepared using CaO-MgO-SiO2 (CMS) and TiO2 as sintering aids. The effects of the contents of sintering aids and mullite fiber on the density and sintering temperature of MFACC are studied. The results showed that when the CMS content is 8.0% and the TiO2 content is 1.0%, the density of the as-sintered MFACC is 98.9%. When the mullite fiber content is 15.0% and the sintering temperature is 1450 °C, the flexural strength of the resultant composite increases to 504.5MPa, 70.7% higher than the original matrix, and the relative density of the composites reaches 98.4%. The reinforcement mechanisms are fibers pull-out and sticky point.
Oxygen saturation during daily activities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1996)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently develop nocturnal oxygen desturation because of alveolar hypoventilation, worsening of ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and sometimes obstructive sleep apnoeas. In contrast, little is known about their oxygen status during the various activities of daily life. The aim of this study was to compare the oxygen saturation profile during day and night, and to assess the influence of different daily activities in COPD. During a rehabilitation programme, we studied 30 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD (median forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 37% of predicted), without marked hypoxaemia (median arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2) 9.1 kPa). Arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) was assessed by pulse oximetry during night (8 h) and day (10.5 h). The mean and minimal Sa,O2 were calculated, and desaturations were defined as Sa,O2 falls > 4%.h-1. Daily activities were identified by the patients as resting, eating, washing, nebulization therapy and walking. Mean Sa,O2 was lower during the night (88%) than during the day (89%). In contrast, minimal Sa,O2 was lower during the day (69%) than during the night (72%), and the number of desaturations was higher during the day (8.6 desaturations.h-1) than during the night (6.8 desaturations.h-1). Mean Sa,O2 was 88% during walking, which was lower than during resting (90%), nebulization (90%), and meals (89%). The number of desaturations was higher during walking (13.1 desaturations.h-1), washing (12.6 desaturations.h-1), and eating (9.2 desaturations.h-1) than during resting (5.3 desaturations.h-1). We conclude that daily activities, such as walking, washing and eating, are associated with transient oxygen desaturation in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, even without marked resting hypoxaemia.