gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speech recognition of different sampling rates using fractal code descriptor (2016)

Currently, the use of speech recognition is increaseingly in many applications such as mobile device interaction, interactive voice response system, voice search, voice dictation and voice identification. The heart of such applications is speech features needed to represent input signals. However, in real applications, speech signals are sampled with various sampling rates. The different sampling rates of input speech lead to the different features. This makes the speech recognition rate dropping. Therefore, this paper proposes an independent resolution descriptor based on fractal codes obtained by fractal encoding and decoding processes. The encoding process extracts fractal codes from partitioned speech signals, whereas the decoding process reconstructs independent resolution speech signals from the fractal codes. This method can effectively reconstruct speech signals at any sampling rates, especially at a higher sampling rate, which is a grand challenge. The proposed method is evaluated the performance by testing with AN4 corpus of CMU Sphinx speech recognition engine. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of speech recognition, even if the sampling rate of testing speeches differs from that of training speeches.
Rebaudi's stevia: Natural noncaloric sweeteners (1982)

Stevia, a Paraguayan plant that produces compounds 250 times as sweet as table sugar, is being studied for possible commercial production here.
Microwave Dielectric Properties of Rutile Filled PEEK Composites (2008)

Ceramic-filled PEEK composites were prepared by sigma mixing followed by thermolamination. Rutile-grade titanium dioxide, particle size less than 5 μm, was used as the particulate filler in the PEEK matrix to tailor the dielectric properties of the composite matrix. The dispersion of the particular filler in the PEEK matrix was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric properties of the PEEK/TiO2 composite materials were measured in the low frequency region up to 13 MHz using an impedance analyzer. Dielectric properties in the microwave region were measured using cavity perturbation technique to evaluate the use of the composites as packaging material. Experimental results were compared with theoretically predicted values using the Lichtenecker equation. The present study shows that temperature-stable packaging materials can be realized in the PEEK/TiO2 systems by judiciously controlling the ceramic filler concentration.
Critical Role for Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Activation of Tumor Suppressors Bax and Bak (2006)

Oxidative phosphorylation is required for the activation of Bax and Bak and cell death triggered by disparate death stimuli. The reliance of tumor cells on glycolysis in preference to oxidative phosphorylation even under normoxic conditions (Warburg effect) may therefore be a potential means by which these cells evade programmed cell death.
Shielding effectiveness modeling and measurement of multiple layers conformal shielding on system-in-package (SiP) module (2016)

To suppress the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of advanced system-in-package (SiP) module, conformal shielding technology is discussed in recent years. Shielding effectiveness (SE) is the index to identify the performance of the shielding solutions. In this paper, generic equivalent transmission line method is proposed to deal with both metal and dielectric materials for multiple layer shielding solutions. This method is easy to implement by using arbitrary cascade network analysis. In this paper, sputtered copper/nickel case is studied. Also, near field measurement is employed to measure the SE performance and compared with the modeling result. It is demonstrated that both measurement and modeling results are in good correlation within 1 GHz range.
Oxidative phosphorylation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K 12. Mutations affecting magnesium ion- or calcium ion-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (1971)

1. Two mutants of Escherichia coli K 12 were isolated which, although able to grow on glucose, are unable to grow with succinate or d-lactate as the sole source of carbon. 2. Genetic mapping of these mutants showed that they both contain a mutation in a gene (designated uncA) mapping at about minute 73.5 on the E. coli chromosome. 3. The uncA(-) alleles were transferred by bacteriophage-mediated transduction into another strain of E. coli and the transductants compared with the parent strain to determine the nature of the biochemical lesion in the mutants. 4. The mutants gave low aerobic growth yields when grown on limiting concentrations of glucose, but oxidase activities in membranes from both the mutants and the normal strain were similar. 5. Measurement of P/O ratios with d-lactate as substrate indicated that a mutation in the uncA gene causes uncoupling of phosphorylation associated with electron transport. 6. Determination of the Mg(2+),Ca(2+)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activities in the mutant and normal strains indicated that the uncA gene is probably the structural gene for Mg(2+),Ca(2+)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase. 7. Mg(2+),Ca(2+)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase therefore appears to be essential for oxidative phosphorylation in E. coli.
Functional Hybrid Porous Coordination Polymers (2013)

Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) have attracted vast interest in recent years because of their possibility for rational design of crystal structures and functional properties. An emerging trend in PCP research is hybridization, which is the subject of this review. We have divided hybrid PCPs into three broad classes: class I, isomorphous mixed metal/ligand PCPs; class II, core@shell PCPs; class III, PCP⊃guest or PCPs with accommodated guests. In this Review, we examine 62 representative hybrid PCPs in the area of gas adsorption/separation/storage, luminescence, catalysis, drug delivery, and ionic conductivity with representative examples of each class to understand the underlying principles of hybridization for PCPs and their advantages over conventional PCPs. The future directions and applications of hybrid PCPs are postulated.
Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer; the Road Less Traveled (2016)

Pancreatic cancer shows extremely low responses to chemo- and radiation therapies due to its inherent genetic instability, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and the complex peritumoral stroma. They make the pancreatic cancer most lethal malignancy with 5 year survival of less than 6%, so the need of new therapeutic approaches is urgently demanded. Immunotherapies have shown promises in other multiple cancers by augmenting anti-tumor immunity, so it stood out for the alternative care of pancreatic cancer. However, up to now, immunotherapeutic agents lack efficacy in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we give an overview of immune-related therapeutic strategies, clinical trials in pancreatic cancer and current obstacles that we face. We discuss the ways to overcome those current obstacles here, and by getting over them, we hope to get over the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
Q5® Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit Quick Protocol (E0554) v1 (2015)

This is the quick protocol for the Q5® Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (E0554)
Blocking Autophagy Prevents Bortezomib-Induced NF-κB Activation by Reducing I-κBα Degradation in Lymphoma Cells (2012)

Here we show that bortezomib induces effective proteasome inhibition and accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. This leads to induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as demonstrated by accumulation of the protein CHOP, as well as autophagy, as demonstrated by accumulation of LC3-II proteins. Our data suggest that recruitment of both ubiquitinated proteins and LC3-II by p62 directs ubiquitinated proteins, including I-κBα, to the autophagosome. Degradation of I-κBα results in increased NF-κB nuclear translocation and transcription activity. Since bortezomib treatment promoted I-κBα phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation, this suggests that the route of I-κBα degradation was not via the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) significantly inhibited bortezomib-induced I-κBα degradation, increased complex formation with NF-κB and reduced NF-κB nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity. Importantly, the combination of proteasome and autophagy inhibitors showed synergy in killing DLBCL cells. In summary, bortezomib-induced autophagy confers relative DLBCL cell drug resistance by eliminating I-κBα. Inhibition of both autophagy and the proteasome has great potential to kill apoptosis-resistant lymphoma cells.
The Drainage of Newtonian Liquids Entrained on a Vertical Surface (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Drainage of Newtonian Liquids Entrained on a Vertical SurfaceC. D. DensonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1970, 9, 3, 443–448Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/i160035a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (492 KB) Get e-Alerts
On Conflict of Human Rights (2006)

[Excerpt] “This article supports Gewirth’s view: that is, the reason why utilitarian values such as national security, public safety, public order, public health, and public morality may outweigh human rights is that they contain human rights elements. Thus, as a rule, whenever human rights clash with nonrights value considerations, we should analyze whether they contain human rights elements. If they do, they may override human rights that conflict with them. If they do not, they cannot.”
A robust autonomous freeway driving algorithm (2009)

This paper introduces a robust prediction- and cost-function based algorithm for autonomous freeway driving. A prediction engine is built so that the autonomous vehicle is able to estimate human drivers' intentions. A cost function library is used to help behavior planners generate the best strategies. Finally, the algorithm is tested in a real-time vehicle simulation platform used by the Tartan Racing Team for the DARPA Urban Challenge 2007.
Synthesis of 5-, 6- and 7-substituted-2-aminoquinolines as SH3 domain ligands (2005)

The Src homology 3 (SH3) domains are small protein-protein interaction domains that mediate a range of important biological processes and are considered valuable targets for the development of therapeutic agents. We have been developing 2-aminoquinolines as ligands for SH3 domains--so far the only reported examples of entirely small-molecule ligands for the SH3 domains. The highest affinity 2-aminoquinolines so far identified are 6-substituted compounds. In this article, the synthesis of several new 2-aminoquinolines, including 5-, 6- and 7-substituted compounds, for Tec SH3 domain ligand binding studies is presented. As a part of the synthetic investigation, the utility of different methods for the synthesis of 2-aminoquinolines was explored and potentially powerful methods were identified for the synthesis of 2-aminoquinolines with diverse functionality. Of the compounds prepared, the 5-substituted-2-aminoquinolines generally bound with similar affinities to unsubstituted 2-aminoquinoline, whilst the 7-substituted compounds generally bound with similar or lower affinity than unsubstituted 2-aminoquinoline. However, the 6-substituted-2-aminoquinolines generally bound with significantly higher affinity than unsubstituted 2-aminoquinoline. In addition, one 6-substituted-N-benzylated-2-aminoquinoline was also tested for SH3 binding and some evidence for the formation of additional contacts at other regions of the SH3 domain was found. These results provide new and useful SAR information that should greatly assist with the challenge of developing high affinity small-molecule ligands for the SH3 domains.
Cloning and Expression of the pepD Gene of Escherichia coli (1986)

Peptidase D of Escherichia coli, cleaving the unusual dipeptide carnosine, was found to be encoded by the ColE1 hybrid plasmid pLC44-11. From this plasmid the pepD gene was subcloned into small vectors. As shown by successive reduction of the flanking sequences of genomic DNA, the order of genes in the region at 6 min of the E. coli K12 map is phoE, pepD, in the clockwise orientation. Insertional inactivation of the pepD gene and expression of recombinant plasmids in maxicells allowed the identification of the pepD product as a 52 kDa protein. Comparison with the 100 kDa protein molecular mass determined by gel filtration suggests that active peptidase D is probably a dimer.
Flexible and wearable healthcare sensors for visual reality health-monitoring (2019)

Visual reality (VR) health-monitoring by flexible electronics provides a new avenue to remote and wearable medicine. The combination of flexible electronics and VR could facilitate smart remote disease diagnosis by real-time monitoring of the physiological signals and remote interaction between patient and physician. The flexible healthcare sensor is the most crucial unit in the flexible and wearable health-monitoring system, which has attracted much attention in recent years. This paper briefly reviews the progress in flexible healthcare sensors and VR healthcare devices. The flexible healthcare sensor is introduced with basic flexible materials, manufacturing techniques, and their applications in healthmonitoring (such as blood/sweat detection and heart-rate tracking). VR healthcare devices for telemedicine diagnosis are discussed, and the smart remote diagnosis system using flexible and wearable healthcare sensors, and a VR device, is addressed.
Resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and measurement precision (1979)

We have studied the problem of simultaneously determining the midpoint position, separation, and relative intensities of a pair of closely spaced point sources. Our objective has been to see how the signal-to-noise ratio affects the measurement precision and to determine the significance of the various optical-system design parameters, and from this to develop a concept of resolution relevant to the generalized resolution problem, as posed by Ronchi over a decade ago. General results have been obtained for a scanning sensor designed to produce a one-dimensional output signal, with additive Gaussian noise. The rms precision with which the position of a single target can be measured has been determined. From this, we have obtained a resolution scale that, when divided by the signal-to-noise (voltage) ratio, gives the noise-limited position-measurement precision. A generalized expression that allows calculations of the resolution scale from the optical-signal transfer function of the system is given. Results in generalized form are developed for the precision with which the separation, midpoint position, and relative intensity of a pair of point sources can be measured. These results are presented in terms of the modulation transfer function of the optics and of the detector, and of the noise power spectrum. Quantitative results have been calculated for a system that consists of diffraction-limited, unobscured-circular-aperture optics and a sharply delineated rectangular detector, with additive white Gaussian noise. The numerical results show that the resolution scale is apparently also a significant descriptor of the two-target measurement capabilities of the instrument. This suggests that the resolution scale ought to be considered the resolution of. an instrument—to the extent that any single number can be used to define the resolution of an instrument.
Engineering MEMS Resonators With Low Thermoelastic Damping (2006)

This paper presents two approaches to analyzing and calculating thermoelastic damping in micromechanical resonators. The first approach solves the fully coupled thermomechanical equations that capture the physics of thermoelastic damping in both two and three dimensions for arbitrary structures. The second approach uses the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the uncoupled thermal and mechanical dynamics equations to calculate damping. We demonstrate the use of the latter approach to identify the thermal modes that contribute most to damping, and present an example that illustrates how this information may be used to design devices with higher quality factors. Both approaches are numerically implemented using a finite-element solver (Comsol Multiphysics). We calculate damping in typical micromechanical resonator structures using Comsol Multiphysics and compare the results with experimental data reported in literature for these devices
Defects in ex vivo and in vivo growth and sensitivity to osmotic stress of group A Streptococcus caused by interruption of response regulator gene vicR (2006)

The regulator VicR of the two-component regulatory system VicRK is essential in several Gram-positive bacteria. However, the authors were able to generate an unconditional vicR insertional mutant of group A Streptococcus. This mutant grew well in rich media but not in non-immune human blood and serum, had attenuated virulence, and was unstable in mice. Complementation of the mutant with vicR expressed in trans restored its phenotype to wild-type. A vicK deletion mutant had a phenotype similar to that of the vicR mutant. Phagocytosis and killing of the vicR mutant were normal, suggesting that VicRK does not regulate processes involved in evasion of host defence. Microarray analysis showed that vicR inactivation down-regulated the transcription of 13 genes, including putative cell wall hydrolase gene pcsB and spy1058-1060, which encode a putative phosphotransferase system enzyme II for carbohydrate transport, and upregulated the expression of five genes, including spy0183 and spy0184, which encode an osmoprotectant transporter OpuA. Consistent with microarray analysis, the vicR mutant took up more of the osmoprotectants betaine and proline and was sensitive to osmotic stress, indicating that vicR inactivation induced osmotic stress and increased susceptibility to osmotic pressure. Additionally, a spy1060 deletion mutant also displayed attenuated virulence. These results suggest that VicRK regulates processes involved in cell wall metabolism, nutrient uptake, and osmotic protection.
Why don't we use vitamin E in dermatology? (1993)

After 44 years of research there is still scant proof of vitamin E's effectiveness in treating certain dermatologic conditions. Further research in well-designed controlled trials is needed to clarify vitamin E's role.
RAGE: A Multi-Ligand Receptor Unveiling Novel Insights in Health and Disease (2010)

Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is expressed in a range of cell types such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, mesangial cells, mononuclear phagocytes and certain neurons. It is a multi-ligand receptor and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules. Its repertoire of ligands includes advanced glycation end products (AGEs), amyloid fibrils, amphoterin and S100/calgranulins. This variety of ligands allows RAGE to be implicated in a wide spectrum of pathological conditions such as diabetes and its complications, Alzheimer's disease, cancer and inflammation. Additionally, genetic polymorphisms in the RAGE gene may have impact on the functional activity of the receptor. It becomes obvious that RAGE pathway is a complicated one and the question of whether blockade of RAGE is a feasible and safe strategy for the prevention/treatment of chronic diseases is gradually gaining the attention of the pharmaceutical community. In this review the biology of RAGE and the triggered signaling cascades involved in health and disease will be presented. Additionally, its potential as an attractive pharmacotherapeutic target will be explored by pointing out the pharmacotherapeutic agents that have been developed for RAGE blockade.
DFT-Based Reaction Pathway Analysis of Hexadiene Cyclization via Carbenium Ion Intermediates:  Mechanistic Study of Light Alkane Aromatization Catalysis (2003)

We conducted density functional theory calculations to identify the complete cyclization mechanism (ring formation and ring expansion) for protonated hexadiene in the gas-phase as a precursory means of studying aromatization of light alkanes in acidic zeolite catalysts. We identify the rate-determining step to consist of ring expansion from a methylcyclopenta carbenium precursor to a stable cyclohexa carbenium intermediate, exhibiting an activation barrier of 9.6 kcal/mol and proceeding through a bicyclic intermediate starting from a secondary cyclopentyl carbocation. This pathway for ring closure was preferred over tertiary precursor expansion and direct cyclization to a cyclohexyl carbocation. Expecting carbocation intermediates to be represented by alkoxide species near Brønsted acid sites, we calculated the relative stability of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkoxide analogues to cyclopentyl carbocation intermediates involved in ring expansion and notice a reversal of stability relative to gas-phase carbocation stabilities (i.e., primary > secondary > tertiary stability). However, on the basis of the notion that transition state stability depends heavily on carbocation character of the transition state, even in alkoxide-based chemistry, we conclude that ring expansion would nevertheless constitute the rate-determining step in a zeolite-catalyzed mechanism.
HMI generation for plug-in services from semantic descriptions (2007)

We describe our implemented approach to automatically generating user interfaces (UIs) for dynamic services in the automotive domain. Dynamic services are services that are not known at design/deploy time of the HMI (human machine interaction) software of the automobile. Such services will increasingly find their way into the modern car: via mobile consumer electronics, via online servers, or via software download. In order for the driver to safely and comfortably interact with these services, their user interfaces need to be seamlessly integrated into the overall HMI system of the car and resemble the look and feel of the statically deployed HMI system. In the approach described in this paper, each service is accompanied by a description of its semantics, based on which a generic UI generator then automatically designs an appropriate UI and integrates it into the existing HMI system. We use OWL to formulate the domain-specific ontology of automotive infotainment services and OWLS to describe the service interfaces. In order to be able to express listener/notification semantics, we extended OWLS by several new constructs. Our results are based on our implementation of a UI generator for an automotive infotainment system, using the typical BMW Group HMI concepts.