gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on antithrombogenicity of poiy[β-(acetytsalicylyloxy)ethyl methacrylate] relative to poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (1991)

The antithrombogenicity of a polymer made of aspirin bound to hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), abbreviated as ASA-polymer, was compared with that of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA). Platelet from platelet rich plasma (PRP) incubated with ASA-polymer surface exhibited noticeable decreases in adhesion and aggregation as compared to platelets incubated with PHEMA. Low molecular weight components other than aspirin, which may be released from ASA-polymer during the incubation with PRP, or contact with ASA-polymer causing denaturation of platelets without morphological changes could be responsible for the decrease of adhesion and aggregation. Both PRP and PPP exposed to ASA-polymer-coated surfaces exhibited a much smaller partial thromboplastin time (PTT) than if exposed to PHEMA-coated surfaces; the PTT of ASA-polymer was similar to that of glass exposed plasma. With respect to the in vivo antithrombogenicity, the ASA-polymer surface led to thrombus formation. This may be due to the partial hydrolysis of the acetyl groups resulting in the formation of a negatively charged surface which in turn accelerates the coagulation cascade despite its inhibitory effects on platelet adhesion and aggregation. On the other hand, neointima formed around a thrombus layer on PHEMA-coated sutures after 14 days.
Metabolic Effects of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Type 2 (Non‐Insulin‐Dependent) Diabetic Patients (1993)

The metabolic effects of a 3-week dietary supplement of a fish oil concentrate was examined in mildly obese, normotriglyceridemic men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) treated with hypoglycemic agents (n = 20). Patients were randomized into two groups, receiving 15 ml per day of fish oil (Martens Oil, Norway) containing 3.1 g of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10). Whereas fish oil led to the expected increase in the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 FA in serum phospholipids, reflecting the increase in omega-3 FA intake, it did not alter fasting or mixed meal stimulated blood glucose, plasma insulin, and C-peptide concentrations. No changes in insulin action were noted, estimated by the metabolic clearance rates of glucose at plasma insulin levels of approximately 100 microU/ml and 1,400 microU/ml during a hyperinsulinemic, isoglycemic clamp; no changes were seen in insulin binding to erythrocytes. We conclude that during short-term administration, no adverse effects of low dose fish oil on glucose homeostasis were found in mildly obese NIDDM patients treated with oral hypoglycemic agents.
Biochemical Alterations as Markers of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (2008)

We evaluated biochemical alterations as predictors of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Patients with confirmed infection with dengue virus were prospectively evaluated for the first seven days of disease to determine their final clinical outcome. Serum samples taken 48-96 hours after onset of fever were used for biochemical tests. Of 199 patients, 30 developed DHF. Cases of DHF had higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase, and lower levels of albumin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Multivariate analysis showed that early alterations of CK (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.34-20.85, P = 0.001), LDH (HR = 3.19, 95% CI = 1.01-10.12, P < 0.05), and albumin (HR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.09-5.92, P = 0.03) were associated with DHF. Triglyceride levels > 160 mg/dL were negatively associated with developing DHF (HR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01-0.59, P = 0.01). Early alterations of biochemical markers can predict DHF in patients with acute fever caused by dengue.
The Second Member of the Human and Murine “Bubblegum” Family Is a Testis- and Brainstem-specific Acyl-CoA Synthetase (2005)

Acyl-CoA synthetases that activate fatty acids to their CoA derivatives play a central role in fatty acid metabolism. ACSBG1, an acyl-CoA synthetase originally identified in the fruit fly mutant bubblegum, was hypothesized to contribute to the biochemical pathology of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. We looked for homologous proteins and identified ACSBG2 in humans, mice, and rats. Human ACSBG1 and ACSBG2 amino acid sequences are 50% identical. ACSBG2 expression was confined to the testis and brainstem. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies further localized ACSBG2 expression to testicular Sertoli cells and large motoneurons in the medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord. Full-length cDNA encoding human and mouse ACSBG2 was cloned. In transfected COS-1 cells, both human and murine ACSBG2 were detected as 75- to 80-kDa proteins by Western blot. Cells overexpressing ACSBG2 had increased ability to activate oleic acid (C18:1omega9) and linoleic acid (C18:2omega6) but not other fatty acid substrates tested. Within a highly conserved motif known to be important for catalysis, human ACSBG2 contains a histidine residue where all other known acyl-CoA synthetases, including mouse and rat ACSBG2, contain an arginine. This substitution resulted in a shift of the human ACSBG2 pH optimum to a more acidic pH. Mutation of this histidine to arginine improved catalytic function at neutral pH by shifting the pH profile without affecting substrate specificity. Although the role of ACSBG2 in testicular and neuronal lipid metabolism remains unclear, the limited tissue expression pattern and limited substrate specificity rule out a likely role for this enzyme in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy pathology.
Cancer-related inflammation and Barrett's carcinogenesis: interleukin-6 and STAT3 mediate apoptotic resistance in transformed Barrett's cells (2010)

Cancer-related inflammation recently has been proposed as a major physiological hallmark of malignancy. Some genetic alterations known to promote cellular proliferation and induce malignant transformation also may participate in an intrinsic inflammatory pathway that produces a cancer-promoting inflammatory microenvironment. Little is known about this intrinsic inflammatory pathway in Barrett's esophagus. We have used a series of nontransformed and transformed human Barrett's epithelial cell lines developed in our laboratory to explore the potential contribution of interleukin (IL)-6 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) (key molecules in the intrinsic inflammatory pathway) to Barrett's carcinogenesis. We determined IL-6 mRNA expression and protein secretion and protein expression of activated phospho-STAT3 and its downstream target myeloid cell leukemia (mcl)-1 (Mcl-1). We used an IL-6 blocking antibody and two JAK kinase inhibitors (AG490 and JAK inhibitor I) to assess whether STAT3 activation is IL-6 dependent. We also used small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to STAT3 and Mcl-1 to assess effects of STAT3 pathway inhibition on apoptosis. Phospho-STAT3 was expressed only by transformed Barrett's cells, which also exhibited higher levels of IL-6 mRNA and of IL-6 and Mcl-1 proteins than nontransformed Barrett's cells. STAT3 phosphorylation could be blocked by IL-6 blocking antibody and by AG490 and JAK inhibitor I. In transformed Barrett's cells, rates of apoptosis following exposure to deoxycholic acid were significantly increased by transfection with siRNAs for STAT3 and Mcl-1. We conclude that activation of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in transformed Barrett's epithelial cells enables them to resist apoptosis. These findings demonstrate a possible contribution of the intrinsic inflammatory pathway to carcinogenesis in Barrett's esophagus.
Detection of 3-D Individual Trees in Urban Areas by Combining Airborne LiDAR Data and Imagery (2013)

An automated approach to extracting 3-D individual trees in urban areas is developed based on jointly analyzing airborne LiDAR data and imagery. First, the spectral, geometric, and spatial context attributes are defined and integrated at the LiDAR point level. Then, a binary AdaBoost classifier is used to separate points belonging to trees from other urban objects. Once the classification is completed, a spectral clustering method by applying the normalized cuts to a graph structure of point clouds of the vegetation class is performed to segment single trees. The geometric and spectral attributes play an important role in establishing the weight matrix, which measures the similarity between every two graph nodes and determines the cut function. The performance of the approach is validated by real urban data sets, which were acquired over two European cities. The results show that 3-D individual trees can be detected with mean accuracy of up to 0.65 and 0.12 m for tree position and height. Based on the results of this work, geometric and biophysical properties of individual trees can be further retrieved.
Puryl‐6‐ammonium‐ und ‐imonium‐Derivate und ihre Substratfähigkeit für Xanthinoxidase (1974)

Abstract N‐Dimethyl‐β‐amino‐äthanol, Chinuclidin‐3‐ol und N‐Methylpiperidin lassen sich mit 6‐Chlorpurin (1) zu den quartären Ammoniumsalzen 2, 3 bzw. 4 und Pyridin, 3‐Hydroxy‐pyridin, 3‐Amino‐pyridin, Nicotinamid und 1‐(2‐ bzw. 3‐Pyridyl)‐2‐(3‐ bzw. 4‐pyridyl)‐äthylen zu den Imoniumsalzen 5, 6, 7, 8, 14 bzw. 15 umsetzen. 4‐Hydroxy‐ und 4‐Aminopyridin ergeben die tertiären Amine 9 bzw. 10 und 3‐ und 4‐Picolylamin sowie 2‐Pyridyl‐β‐äthylamin reagieren mit 1 zu den sekundären Aminen 11, 12 bzw. 13. Die quartären Ammoniumsalze 2, 3 bzw. 4 sind im Gegensatz zu den dargestellten quartären Imoniumderivaten 5, 6, 7, 8, 14 bzw. 15 und den sekundären Aminen 11, 12 bzw. 13 keine Substrate für Xanthinoxidase.
HM-J-16-Itype medical linear accelerator automatic frequency control system (2008)

In the medical linear accelerator,automatic frequency control system (AFC system) is output microwave frequency′s control system of the microwave power source.It′s performance directly affects the accuracy and stability of microwave frequency which affect the physical parameter of accelerator′s ray.It is of concern has been one of the key components.This paper notes the principle and method of the AFC system which is used in HM-J-16-Ⅰmedical linear accelerator,The accelerator is made by the JiangsuHaiming Medical Devices Ltd.
Direct deposition strategy for highly ordered inorganic organic perovskite thin films and their optoelectronic applications (2014)

A direct deposition methodology has been optimized for highly crystalline inorganic-organic (IO) perovskite thin films. The simplest deposition ensures long-range order with high c-oriented thin films, thicknesses ranging from ultra-thin (~20nm) and upto 1.5 µm. These self-assembled layered perovskites are naturally aligned alternative stacking arrangement of inorganic and organic monolayers, resemble multiple quantum wells (MQWs), which offers superior optoelectronic properties such as room-temperature optical excitons, strong electrically induced photo-carrier mobilities etc. The established fabrication is having device-compatible advantage over other conventional solution–processed thin films wherein the optical features are restricted by thickness limitations (<200nm) and with possible corrugated surface morphologies with multi-phases. The universally acceptable ability has been demonstrated for wide varieties of organic moieties (R) as well as different lead halide networks in type (R-NH3)2PbX4 (X = I, Br,Cl).The potential of the direct deposition methodology for demonstrated in 3D template structure fabrication as well as in photocurrent response capability.
Heat flow asymmetry on a junction of quartz with graphite (1978)

The thermal conductivity of a quartz with graphite junction is studied in the temperature range 6 to 95 K. The junction rectification reaches 70% for a temperature difference of 40 K between the thermometers. A quartz junction of the material identical on both sides of the contact, produced for control, does not show the rectification phenomenon. [Russian Text Ignored].
Infection of Fetal Feline Brain Cells in Culture with<i>Bartonella henselae</i> (2001)

Bartonella henselae is known to cause central nervous system (CNS) disease in humans, and neurological signs have been observed in experimentally infected cats. However, the pathogenesis of CNS disease remains unclear. This study was undertaken to determine whether B. henselae infects feline fetal brain cells in vitro. Microglial-cell- and astrocyte-enriched cultures were inoculated with B. henselae. Giménez staining identified bacterial organisms within microglial cells by day 7 postinoculation. The viability of the intracellular bacteria was demonstrated by incubating cultures with gentamicin and plating cell lysate on agar. Electron microscopy identified intracellular organisms with characteristic Bartonella morphology but identified no ultrastructural abnormalities within infected microglial cells. No evidence of infection was seen in Bartonella-inoculated astrocyte cultures. These findings suggest a role for microglia in the pathogenesis of B. henselae-associated neurological disease.
A novel two-step poly CMP to improve dishing and erosion effect on self-aligned floating gate process (2011)

▪ A novel two-step poly CMP approach is successfully demonstrated. ▪ Experimental results show that the dishing amount was less than 10 nm at the largest pattern of 100 um wide and had no variation in whole patterns, which means local and global planarization are achieved. ▪ This result suggests that the developed two-step poly CMP process can be successfully applicable to fabricate the self-aligned floating gate flash memories.
InP-based photonic integrated circuits for future optical access networks (2002)

Thanks to the sharing of the infrastructure and the central equipment's between several customers, it is now well recognised that the optical fiber could be economically introduced in the network access with a passive optical network (PON) architecture. However, fiber penetration is presently limited by the excessive cost of the optical network unit (ONU) installed in the private customer premise. As the optical part of the ONU is one of the major component in the total cost, breakthroughs in existing technologies are urgently needed to fabricate these optical modules at very low cost. Hybrid integration of optoelectronic components on planar lightwave circuit is the proposed solution to reduced the optical module cost at short term. However, the monolithic integration of these components on a common InP substrate could lead to further cost decrease thanks to its very large volume production capabilities. So the aim of this paper is to review recent achievements of InP-based photonic integrated circuits (PIC's) for optical access network and to demonstrate their interest for cost reduction in the medium term.
Fast Calculation of Computer Generated Holograms for 3D Photostimulation through Compressive-Sensing Gerchberg–Saxton Algorithm (2018)

The use of spatial light modulators to project computer generated holograms is a common strategy for optogenetic stimulation of multiple structures of interest within a three-dimensional volume. A common requirement when addressing multiple targets sparsely distributed in three dimensions is the generation of a points cloud, focusing excitation light in multiple diffraction-limited locations throughout the sample. Calculation of this type of holograms is most commonly performed with either the high-speed, low-performance random superposition algorithm, or the low-speed, high performance Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm. This paper presents a variation of the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm that, by only performing iterations on a subset of the data, according to compressive sensing principles, is rendered significantly faster while maintaining high quality outputs. The algorithm is presented in high-efficiency and high-uniformity variants. All source code for the method implementation is available as Supplementary Materials and as open-source software. The method was tested computationally against existing algorithms, and the results were confirmed experimentally on a custom setup for in-vivo multiphoton optogenetics. The results clearly show that the proposed method can achieve computational speed performances close to the random superposition algorithm, while retaining the high performance of the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm, with a minimal hologram quality loss.
<b>Bridged Polycyclic Compounds. XIX. Some Addition and Solvolysis Reactions in Norbornane Systems</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBridged Polycyclic Compounds. XIX. Some Addition and Solvolysis Reactions in Norbornane SystemsStanley J. Cristol, Wolfgang K. Seifert, Donald W. Johnson, and J. Byrne. JuraleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 20, 3918–3925Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00879a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Improvement in Efficiency of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator Coil by Combination of Iron Core Plates Laminated in Different Directions (2016)

Recent studies have revealed that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has therapeutic effects for various neurological and psychiatric diseases, such as neuropathic pain and depression. However, since TMS requires a high voltage and a large current, the TMS coil heats quickly, and this prevents doctors from treating patients for prolonged periods with high-frequency stimulation. We have previously proposed a centered-eccentric figure-8 coil that could stimulate the motor cortex with lower current compared with conventional figure-8 coils. However, the enhancement in the efficiency of this coil was not sufficient. In this paper, to enhance the efficiency of the centered-eccentric figure-8 coil, we propose a new coil with a laminated iron core plate, and evaluate its effect on stimulation intensity based on finite-element method simulations. We performed the simulations for the following scenarios: 1) no iron core plate; 2) a non-laminated iron core plate; 3) a vertically laminated iron core plate; 4) a horizontally laminated iron core plate; and 5) a combination of vertically and horizontally laminated iron core plates. The results show that the combination of the iron core plates laminated in different directions yielded the best improvement in stimulation intensity, and the power of such a coil would be 2.8 times that of the coil with no plate. Thus, the current applied to the coil can be considerably reduced by using a combination of laminated iron core plate.
What is Dempster-Shafer's model? (1994)

Several mathematical models have been proposed for the modelling of someone's degrees of belief. The oldest is the Bayesian model that uses probability functions. The upper and lower probabilities (ULP) model, Dempster's model, the evidentiary value model (EVM) and the probability of modal propositions somehow generalize the Bayesian approach. The transferable belief model (TBM) is based on other premises and uses belief functions. None of these models is THE best: each has its own domain of application. We spell out through examples what are the underlying hypotheses that lead to the selection of an adequate model for a given problem. We give indications on how to choose the appropriate model. The major discriminating criterion is: if there exists a probability measure with known values, use the Bayesian model, if there exists a probability measure but with some unknown values, use the ULP models, if the existence of a probability measure is not known, use the TBM. Dempster's model is essentially a special case of ULP model. The EVM and the probability of modal propositions (provability, necessity...) corresponds to a special use of the Bayesian model.
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC): the cutaneous roles of its melanocortin products and receptors (2006)

The precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC) produces many biologically active peptides via a series of enzymatic steps in a tissue-specific manner, yielding the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs), corticotrophin (ACTH) and beta-endorphin. The gene for alpha-MSH is encoded for by the POMC gene, but alpha-MSH cannot be produced from POMC gene transcription and translation without these specific post-translational proteolytic steps taking place. The MSHs and ACTH bind to the extracellular G-protein-coupled melanocortin receptors (MCR), of which there are five subtypes. Two (MC1R and MC5R) show widespread cutaneous expression. ACTH and alpha-MSH bind to MC1R to influence both pigmentation and the immune system. MC5R regulates the sebaceous glands. Mutations in the MC1R gene lead to fair skin and red hair in humans, which is also seen with inactivating human POMC gene mutations. MC1R mutant receptor expression can also correlate with an increased incidence of the three commonest forms of skin cancer. Other mutations can occur in the POMC system or parallel interacting pathways, such as in prohormone convertase 1 and agouti signalling protein, a human homologue of murine agouti protein. However, they do not necessarily affect skin colour or function in humans, and further studies are needed to clarify these observations.
Verifying workflows with cancellation regions and OR-joins : an approach based on invariants (2006)

YAWL (Yet Another Workflow Language) workflow language supports the most frequent control-flow patterns found in the current workflow practice. As a result, most workflow languages can be mapped onto YAWL without the loss of control-flow details, even languages allowing for advanced constructs such as cancellation regions and OR-joins. Hence, a verification approach for YAWL is desirable, because such an approach could be used for any workflow language that can be mapped onto YAWL. Unfortunately, cancellation regions and OR-joins are ‘non-local ’ properties, and in general we cannot even decide whether the desired final state is reachable if both patterns are present. This paper proposes a verification approach based on (i) an abstraction of the OR-join semantics; (ii) the relaxed soundness property; and (iii) transition invariants. This approach is correct (errors reported are really errors), but not necessarily complete (not every error might get reported). This incompleteness can be explained because, on the one hand, the approach abstracts from the OR-join semantics and on the other hand, it may use only transition invariants, which are structural properties. Nevertheless, our approach can be used to successfully detect errors in YAWL models. Moreover, the approach can be easily transferred to other workflow languages allowing for advanced constructs such as cancellations and OR-joins.