gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Symbol-Level Synchronization and LDPC Code Design for Insertion/Deletion Channels (2011)

We investigate a promising coding scheme over channels impaired by insertion, deletion, and substitution errors, i.e., interleaved concatenation of an outer low-density parity-check (LDPC) code with error-correction capabilities and an inner marker code for synchronization purposes. To limit the decoding latency, we start with a single-pass decoding algorithm, that is, marker code-based synchronization is performed only once per received packet and iterative decoding with information exchange between the inner decoder and outer decoder is not allowed. Through numerical evaluations, we first find the marker code structures which offer the ultimate achievable rate when standard bit-level synchronization is performed. Then, to exploit the correlations in the likelihoods corresponding to different transmitted bits, we introduce a novel symbol-level synchronization algorithm that works on groups of consecutive bits, and show how it improves the achievable rate along with the error rate performance by capturing part of the rate loss due to interleaving. When decoding latency is not an issue and multiple-pass decoding is performed, we utilize extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts to analyze the convergence behavior of the receiver, which leads to design of outer LDPC codes with good degree distributions. Finally, design examples are provided along with simulation results which confirm the advantage of the newly designed codes over the ones optimized for the standard additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, especially for channels with severe synchronization problems.
Development of an assay system for the detection and classification of methotrexate resistance in fresh human leukemic cells. (1986)

An assay system was developed for the detection and classification of methotrexate resistance in fresh human leukemic cells. Mechanisms of resistance to be identified were: overexpression of dihydrofolate reductase, decreased cellular uptake of methotrexate, decreased affinity of dihydrofolate reductase for methotrexate, decreased polyglutamylation of methotrexate, and low thymidylate synthase activity. The initial screening procedure utilizes 3H release after addition of [5-3H]-2'-deoxyuridine as a measure of intracellular activity of thymidylate synthase and of DNA synthesis; 3H release is assayed after 3-h incubations with methotrexate, trimetrexate, or gamma-fluoromethotrexate and after 4-h incubations with these agents followed by a 6-h incubation in drug free medium. The pattern of DNA synthesis inhibition and recovery under these two sets of conditions establishes the presence or absence of methotrexate resistance and allows a tentative classification of the resistance mechanism involved. In combination with determinations of dihydrofolate reductase activity, methotrexate titration studies, and the determination of intracellular drug accumulations in vitro, the system is readily able to classify CCRF-CEM human leukemia cell lines possessing well defined mechanisms of resistance. The findings in seven leukemia patients are also reported. Applying tentative reference values, four patients showed biochemical evidence of methotrexate resistance: two patients had only a transport defect, one patient had evidence of both a transport defect and low thymidylate synthase activity, and one patient appeared to have decreased methotrexate polyglutamylation. Application of the assay system in larger numbers of patients is feasible and is required to establish adequate reference values for the evaluation of biochemical-clinical correlates.
Toshiba's Router Architecture Extensions for ATM : Overview (1997)

This memo describes a new internetworking architecture which makes better use of the property of ATM. IP datagrams are transferred along hop-by-hop path via routers, but datagram assembly/disassembly and IP header processing are not necessarily carried out at individual routers in the proposed architecture. A concept of Cell Switch Router (CSR) is introduced as a new internetworking equipment, which has ATM cell switching capabilities in addition to conventional IP datagram forwarding. Proposed architecture can provide applications with high-throughput and low-latency ATM pipes while retaining current router-based internetworking concept. It also provides applications with specific QoS/bandwidth by cooperating with internetworking level resource reservation protocols such as RSVP.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Mouse Embryonic Yolk Sac (1996)

The yolk sac is the first site of hematopoiesis during mammalian development. The yolk sac is also the first site of blood vessel development. Development of the blood islands in the yolk sac is an integrated process in which these two developmental events, hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis, proceed in concert. This review focuses on mouse yolk sac hematopoietic stem cells (YS-HSC), describing their differentiation in vitro and in vivo. YS-HSC go through a progressive series of changes prior to the initiation of lineage-specific differentiation. Experiments tracing their origins from postulated hemangioblasts, and the subsequent interaction between these stem cells and yolk sac endothelial cells are described. Differences between the extraembryonic YS-HSC and HSC found later within the embryo, perinatally or in adults, are described. YS-HSC have greater reproductive capability than HSC obtained from fetal liver, umbilical cord blood or adult bone marrow; they do not yet express major histocompatibility complex-associated antigens and they are able to reconstitute adult immunocompromised animals even when introduced in small numbers (< 100 cells/mouse). With recent results demonstrating the feasibility of expanding YS-HSC in vitro as well as of introducing new genes into these cells by transfection, the YS-HSC shows promise both as a means of achieving long-term restitution of hematopoiesis across histocompatibility barriers and as a self-renewing vehicle for gene transfer.
Laser-activated p-i-n diode switch for RF application (1989)

Results obtained utilizing an optically activated RF switch in the 2-30-MHz range demonstrate the advantages in optically controlled high-power switches from HF to millimeter wave. Testing of a 0.25-mm-thick p-i-n device activated with 116-W peak optical power from a two-dimensional laser array in a 50- Omega system shows isolation between 20.8 and 49 dB, and an average insertion loss of 0.38 dB when measured between 2.5 and 30 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A knowledge-based message management system (1987)

The design approach of a knowledge-based message management system is described. A linguistic message filter is used to filter out junk messages. Relevant messages are then processed by an expert system, driven by user-defined alerter rules. An alerter rule base for a secretarial office is illustrated. Further research topics in knowledge-base design, evaluation, and learning are also discussed.
Interactions of the Multidrug Resistance Modulators Tariquidar and Elacridar and their Analogues with P‐glycoprotein (2013)

Tariquidar and elacridar are among the most potent inhibitors of the multidrug resistance transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), but how they interact with the protein is yet unknown. In this work, we describe a possible way in which these inhibitors interact with P-gp. We rely on structure-activity relationship analysis of a small group of tariquidar and elacridar analogues that was purposefully selected, designed, and tested. Structural modifications of the compounds relate to the presence or absence of functional groups in the tariquidar and elacridar scaffolds. The activity of the compounds was evaluated by their effects on the accumulation of P-gp substrates rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 33342 in resistant tumor cells. The data allow estimation of the ability of the compounds to interact with the experimentally proposed R- and H-sites to which rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 33342 bind, respectively. Using an inward-facing homology model of human P-gp based on the crystallographic structure of mouse P-gp, we demonstrate that these binding sites may overlap with the binding sites of the QZ59 ligands co-crystallized with mouse P-gp. Based on this SAR analysis, and using flexible alignment and docking, we propose possible binding modes for tariquidar and elacridar. Our results suggest the possibility for the studied compounds to bind to sites that coincide or overlap with the binding sites of rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 33342. These results contribute to further understanding of structure-function relationships of P-gp and can help in the design of selective and potent P-gp inhibitors with potential clinical use.
Compressed Regression (2007)

Recent research has studied the role of sparsity in high dimensional regression and signal reconstruction, establishing theoretical limits for recovering sparse models from sparse data. In this paper we study a variant of this problem where the original n input variables are compressed by a random linear transformation to m<1-regularized compressed regression to identify the nonzero coefficients in the true model with probability approaching one, a property called “sparsistence.” In addition, we show that ℓ<sub>1</sub>-regularized compressed regression asymptotically predicts as well as an oracle linear model, a property called “persistence.” Finally, we characterize the privacy properties of the compression procedure in information-theoretic terms, establishing upper bounds on the rate of information communicated between the compressed and uncompressed data that decay to zero.
Research on realization of force feedback of vehicle remote control station steering simulation system (2017)

Automotive steering system is able to directly experience the road information, directly determine whether the car is in a stable state of device, good fast steering system directly determine the stand or fall of the console, so the steering force feedback also gradually become the research hot spot. This paper mainly through torque motor as the main driver of steering system components, through the central processing unit of remote feedback torque is analyzed and the driver, and then send the command control and reversing and the size of the output torque of the motor to achieve steering and correction of force feedback.
Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived products: Advances towards robust, scalable and cost‐effective manufacturing strategies (2014)

The ability to develop cost-effective, scalable and robust bioprocesses for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) will be key to their commercial success as cell therapies and tools for use in drug screening and disease modelling studies. This review outlines key process economic drivers for hPSCs and progress made on improving the economic and operational feasibility of hPSC bioprocesses. Factors influencing key cost metrics, namely capital investment and cost of goods, for hPSCs are discussed. Step efficiencies particularly for differentiation, media requirements and technology choice are amongst the key process economic drivers identified for hPSCs. Progress made to address these cost drivers in hPSC bioprocessing strategies is discussed. These include improving expansion and differentiation yields in planar and bioreactor technologies, the development of xeno-free media and microcarrier coatings, identification of optimal bioprocess operating conditions to control cell fate and the development of directed differentiation protocols that reduce reliance on expensive morphogens such as growth factors and small molecules. These approaches offer methods to further optimise hPSC bioprocessing in terms of its commercial feasibility.
Electromigration degradation mechanism analysis of SnAgCu interconnects for eWLB package (2012)

This paper focuses on electromigration of SnAgCu interconnects of Fanout embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array (FO-eWLB) technology. Black's parameters are analyzed regarding stage of degradation through approaches based on resistance slope modeling and on Failure Criterion (FC).
Programmed Synthesis of a Contiguous Stereotriad Motif by Triple Stereospecific Reagent-Controlled Homologation (2013)

All distinct diastereoisomers of a contiguous stereotriad motif were separately targeted by a triple chain extension of B-phenethyl boronic esters using four unique presentation sequences of enantiomorphs of 1-[(2)H]-1-chloro-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyllithium. The (R)- or (S)-configured chloroalkyllithium reagents were generated by sulfoxide-lithium exchange from the appropriate scalemic p-tolyl chloroalkyl sulfoxides using phenyllithium (THF, -78 °C). Stereotriad synthesis was accomplished in a single reaction vessel [7-19% yield, typical dr ≥ 74 (target):26 (∑ all other isomers)] and implemented by a simple algorithm consisting of reagent charging and temperature cycling events.
Models of Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Deficiency: Applications to Studies of Aging Processes and Life-Span Determination (2002)

The remarkable progress in understanding the genetic basis of life-span determination in invertebrates indicates that impairments in the insulin-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling cascade increase longevity. Similarities among insulin and IGF-1-like signaling pathways in invertebrates and mammals raise the possibility that modifications of these pathways may extend life span in mammals. Investigators using Ames, Snell, and growth hormone receptor knockout models have concluded that decreased growth hormone and IGF-1 are responsible for increased life span. In this review, we critique the dwarf models and, based on multiple endocrine deficiencies and developmental anomalies, conclude that these models may not be sufficient to assess the consequences of growth hormone or IGF-1 deficiency on either biological aging or life span. We attempt to resolve some of these issues by presenting an alternative animal model of growth hormone-IGF-1 deficiency. Finally, we propose an integrated explanation of growth hormone and IGF-1's contribution to the aging phenotype and life-span determination.
Cloning and Characterization of an<i>Ehrlichia canis</i>Gene Encoding a Protein Localized to the Morula Membrane (2003)

A gene encoding a 23.5-kDa ehrlichial morula membrane protein designated MmpA was cloned by screening an Ehrlichia canis expression library with convalescent dog sera, which resulted in three positive clones. Sequence analysis of the insert DNAs from all three clones indicated an open reading frame with a size of 666 bp that encodes MmpA. The structural analysis of MmpA indicated that it is a transmembrane protein with extreme hydrophobicity. Southern blot analysis of the HindIII-digested chromosomal DNA demonstrated the presence of a single copy of the mmpA gene in E. canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis but not in the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent. The mmpA gene was amplified, cloned, and expressed as a fusion protein. Polyclonal antibodies to the recombinant protein (rMmpA) were raised in rabbits. Western blot analysis of E. canis and E. chaffeensis lysates with the anti-rMmpA serum resulted in the presence of an MmpA band only in E. canis, not in E. chaffeenesis. Sera from dogs which were either naturally or experimentally infected with E. canis recognized the recombinant protein. Double immunofluorescence confocal microscopy studies demonstrated that MmpA was localized mainly on the morula membrane of E. canis. Since the morula membrane is the interface between the ehrlichial growing environment and the host cytoplasm, MmpA may play a role in bacterium-host cell interactions.
Ion and Temperature Effects on the Binding of <i>γ</i>‐Aminobutyrate to Its Receptors and the High‐Affinity Transport System (1990)

A set of procedures was developed to study the binding of gamma-[3H]aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) to GABAA and GABAB receptors, and to the Na(+)-dependent transport carrier, at 25 and 37 degrees C in the presence of physiological concentrations of Na+. The membrane preparation used in these procedures was not subjected to freeze-thawing or treatment with Triton X-100. Isoguvacine, (-)-baclofen, and (-)-nipecotate were used to block selectively the binding to GABAA receptors, GABAB receptors, and the transport site, respectively. Analysis of the binding characteristics of [3H]GABA to the GABAA receptor suggested the existence of high-(KD less than 30 nM), middle- (KD = 100-500 nM), and low-affinity (KD greater than 5 microM) binding sites. However, the binding data in the middle-affinity region (100-1,000 nM) were often indicative of cooperativity. The affinity between GABA and the GABAA receptor was reduced modestly by increases in temperature and by the presence of Cl- at physiological concentrations. Binding to the GABAB receptor required Ca2+ and Cl-. Apparent binding to the transport carrier required both Na+ and Cl-. A comparison of Bmax values in three brain regions revealed an inverse relationship between the high-affinity site of the GABAA receptor and the transport binding site.
The irony of meaning: intertextuality in Hebrew poetical texts (1989)

The deconstructionist understanding of texts strongly alludes to the disseminative effect which is the logical consequence of its view of textuality. However, while agreement prevails about the distribution of meaning through different texts, another side of the intertextual coin is emphasized by certain deconstructionist exponents who argue for the importance of the individuality or originality of expression in separate works. These two sides of intertextuality should probably be upheld together to do justice to the creative abilities of individual authors in texts.
Keratinocyte growth factor facilitates alloengraftment and ameliorates graft-versus-host disease in mice by a mechanism independent of repair of conditioning-induced tissue injury (2000)

We have previously shown that pretreatment of mice with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), an epithelial tissue repair factor, can ameliorate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after intensive chemoradiotherapeutic conditioning and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). To determine whether this effect was dependent on a KGF-mediated mechanism affecting repair of conditioning-induced epithelial cell injury, we studied GVHD in the absence of conditioning using BALB/c severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) recipients given C57BL/6 T cells. KGF (5 mg/kg per day, subcutaneously) given either before or after T-cell transfer enhanced body weights and extended survival. KGF-treated recipients had elevated serum levels of the Th2 cytokine interleukin 13 (IL-13) on day 6 after T-cell transfer concomitant with reduced levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). A 3-day KGF pretreatment also depressed the secondary in vitro mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) of C57BL/6 splenocytes taken 7 days after in vivo alloimmunization with irradiated BALB/c spleen cells. To determine whether KGF would inhibit host-antidonor-mediated BM rejection, pan-T-cell-depleted BALB/c BM cells were infused into sublethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice and administered KGF either before or before and after BMT. Surprisingly, all KGF schedules tested actually resulted in enhanced alloengraftment. The presence of KGF receptor on donor antihost alloreactive T cells could not be detected by binding studies with radiolabeled KGF, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. Therefore, the mechanism of action of KGF on inhibiting T-cell-mediated immune effects may not be due to a direct effect of KGF on T cells. These studies demonstrate that KGF, by mechanisms independent of repair of conditioning-induced injury, has great potential as an anti-GVHD therapeutic agent with the added benefit of inhibiting the rejection of pan-T-cell-depleted donor BM allografts. (Blood. 2000;96:4350-4356)
Carcinoembryonic antigen as a target for specific antitumor immunotherapy of head and neck cancer. (2002)

Human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal glycoprotein overexpression of which by gastrointestinal carcinomas is well known. Expression of CEA in head and neck cancer (HNC) is not widely recognized. It is important to note that most of these studies used polyclonal antibodies that may have cross-reactivity with CEA-related antigens. Currently, CEA is being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies as a target for specific immunotherapy against gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas that express the antigen. This study was conducted to evaluate CEA as a potential target for specific immunotherapy against HNC. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue from 69 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck using a CEA-specific monoclonal antibody (COL-1) showed the majority to be positive for CEA. Tumor cell lines derived from human HNC were screened for CEA transcripts using nested reverse transcription-PCR. Constitutive expression of CEA mRNA was detected in 7 of 10 HNC lines. CEA protein was detectable in lysates from all 7 of the lines by quantitative fluoroimmunometry. SDS-PAGE/Western blot analysis of cell lysates from these lines showed a COL-1 immunoreactive product with a molecular weight equivalent to that of CEA. Cell surface expression of CEA was low for the SCC lines; however, there was moderate to strong cytoplasmic staining intensity for all of the CEA(+) HNC lines by immunocytochemistry. Additional supportive evidence for CEA as a target was demonstrated by the presence of cytolytic activity of an HLA-A2-restricted/CEA-epitope-specific human CTL against a CEA-overexpressing HNC-derived SCC line. These results suggest that CEA may be considered as a possible target for specific vaccine-mediated immunotherapy against HNCs.
Surface roughness measurement for outdoor mobile robotic applications (2004)

The ability to measure terrain roughness is essential for safe and efficient navigation of outdoor mobile robots. This paper describes a prototype system consisting of a colour camera and a laser stripe generator for the measurement of ground surface roughness. With outdoor mobile robotic applications in mind, the system provides a cheap, fast and robust alternative to other methods of roughness measurement. In this paper, details are given of the hardware con guration, the method of roughness characterisation, a simple navigation strategy demonstrating the ability of terrain roughness measurements to aid in navigation, and some preliminary results.