gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyamide/nanosilica nanocomposite: a chronicle of design and high-tech progressions (2021)

Nanosilica (silica nanoparticle) has unique nanostructure, properties, and wide-ranging applications. Polyamide belongs to the category of thermoplastic polymer which may occur both naturally and synthetically. This state-of-the-art review actually outlines the capability of nanosilica to form high-performance polyamide nanocomposites. The polyamide and polyamide blend matrices have been reinforced with nanosilica nanoparticles to form polyamide/nanosilica nanocomposite and polyamide blend/nanosilica nanocomposite. Different techniques have been used to fabricate polyamide/nanosilica nanocomposites including in situ method, melt blending, solution mixing, etc. The polyamide/nanosilica nanocomposites have revealed unique morphology and enhanced mechanical, thermal, rheological, viscoelastic, non-flammability, and membrane properties. The performance of polyamide/nanosilica nanocomposite was found to be related to interfacial interactions between matrix and nanofiller. Particularly, nanosilica dispersion has found to affect the specific polyamide properties such as morphology, crystallisation, thermal stability, strength, and other physical properties. Consequently, the nanocomposites have been used to form the advanced hybrids for coatings, membranes, and nonflammable materials.
Noncollinearly Phase Matched Second Harmonic Generation in LiIO<sub>3</sub> (1977)

A formulation of the theory on the noncollinearly phase matched second harmonic generation is given. The theory treats the effects of phase mismatching and of the interaction volume of two differently directed fundamental laser beams. When the crystal is rotated from the matching angle, the second harmonic power decreases more rapidly with the enlargement of the interaction volume. The experimental results suggest the validity of the theory. Comparison with the collinear case indicates that higher power can be obtained in the noncollinear case.
Erste Betriebserfahrungen mit demSZ-Saftreinigungsverfahren im Werk Offstein (2011)

Der Artikel beschreibt die industrielle Einführung eines neuen Saftreinigungsverfahrens, das durch die Abtrennung von Hydrokolloiden aus dem Vorkalkungssaft gekennzeichnet ist. Das Verfahren wurde in mehreren Ausbauschritten erstmals im Werk Offstein der Südzucker AG zur Kampagne 2008 in Betrieb genommen. Erfahrungen aus dem nunmehr zweijährigen Betrieb werden geschildert. Besondere technische Details zur Gestaltung und zum Betrieb des Dekanteurs und der Dekanterzentrifugen werden vorgestellt. Die technologischen Auswirkungen dieses Verfahrens liegen in der Bereitstellung gut filtrierbarer Säfte auch bei Verarbeitung alterierten Rübenmaterials. Die abgetrennten eiweißhaltigen Kolloide können den Pressschnitzeln vor deren Trocknung zugeführt werden. Das Verfahren liefert einen phosphatarmen Carbonatationskalk.
The role of an amorphous SiC:H 'buffer' in the high-performance mu c-SiC:H/a-SiC:H/poly-Si heterojunction solar cells (1991)

High-efficiency solar cells have been developed using relatively simple processing at low temperatures up to 300 degrees C. The cells studied were p/sup +/ mu c-SiC:H/p a-SiC:H (buffer)/n poly-Si and n/sup +/ mu c-SiC:H/n a-SiC:H (buffer)/p poly-Si heterojunctions fabricated by the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The thin amorphous buffer layer played an important role in improving the photovoltaic performance. The optimization of the buffer layer thickness resulted in a conversion efficiency of eta =15.4% under AM1 solar simulated radiation of 100 mW/cm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Eisuke Komatsu and Roy Harris (ed. and trans.) F. de Saussure ‘Troisiéme Cours de Linguistique Générale’ (1910–1911), d'après les cahiers d'Emile Constantin/Saussure's Third Course of Lectures on General Linguistics (1910–1911). From the notebooks of Emile Constantin. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993, xxiii + 173 pp. 0 08 041922 4 (1995)

Eisuke Komatsu and Roy Harris (ed. and trans.) F. de Saussure ‘Troisiéme Cours de Linguistique Générale’ (1910–1911), d'après les cahiers d'Emile Constantin/Saussure's Third Course of Lectures on General Linguistics (1910–1911). From the notebooks of Emile Constantin. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993, xxiii + 173 pp. 0 08 041922 4 - Volume 5 Issue 2
On the Effect of the Solid Support on the Interleaflet Distribution of Lipids in Supported Lipid Bilayers (2004)

The adsorption and spreading of lipid vesicles on solid supports has become a popular way to create supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), but little attention has been paid to the possible redistribution of lipid material between the two leaflets of an SLB. We use the technique of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) to follow the adsorption of prothrombin on SLBs formed from sonicated unilamellar vesicles containing mixtures of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dioleoylphospatidylserine (DOPS). The specific interaction of prothrombin with negatively charged lipids is quantified and serves as a reporter of the content of accessible DOPS in SLBs. We compare results obtained on silica and mica and find that the underlying support can induce substantial redistribution of lipid material between the two leaflets. In particular, SLBs formed on mica showed a substantially depleted amount of accessible DOPS in the presence of calcium. The mechanisms that lead to the lipid redistribution process are discussed.
Offset criterion for determining superconductor critical current (1989)

Critical-current criteria based on electric field or resistivity can present a number of problems in defining critical current, especially for high Tc superconductors in the vicinity of the critical temperature or upper critical field. The resulting critical-current density Jc can be quite arbitrary, since it depends strongly on criterion level at high fields and temperatures. These Jc definitions also create problems in distinguishing between superconductors and high-conductivity normal metals such as copper. They can also bias Jc data when superconductors are compared that have different values of normal-state resistivity. To minimize these problems, an intrinsic Jc criterion is proposed, which effectively separates superconducting and normal-state properties. Based on the long-standing concept of a flux-flow resistivity, Jc is defined as the current where the tangent to the E-J curve at a given electric field level extrapolates to zero electric field. This determines an offset Jc that minimizes the above problems. The criterion is particularly useful near Tc or near the effective upper critical field where the E-J characteristic starts to approach ohmic behavior.
Generation of Recombinant Baculovirus DNA in E. coli Using a Baculovirus Shuttle Vector (2003)

Baculovirus vectors are now widely used to direct the expression of heterologous genes in cultured insect cells and insect larvae. In most cases, heterologous genes placed under transcriptional control of the polyhedrm promoter of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) are abundantly expressed during the late stages of infection. The recombinant proteins are usually soluble and functionally similar to their authentic counterparts (l-7). In the following sections, recent advances in the development of baculovtrus vectors, particularly the baculovn-us shuttle vector system, will be described.
SyncSpecCNN: Synchronized Spectral CNN for 3D Shape Segmentation (2017)

In this paper, we study the problem of semantic annotation on 3D models that are represented as shape graphs. A functional view is taken to represent localized information on graphs, so that annotations such as part segment or keypoint are nothing but 0-1 indicator vertex functions. Compared with images that are 2D grids, shape graphs are irregular and non-isomorphic data structures. To enable the prediction of vertex functions on them by convolutional neural networks, we resort to spectral CNN method that enables weight sharing by parametrizing kernels in the spectral domain spanned by graph Laplacian eigenbases. Under this setting, our network, named SyncSpecCNN, strives to overcome two key challenges: how to share coefficients and conduct multi-scale analysis in different parts of the graph for a single shape, and how to share information across related but different shapes that may be represented by very different graphs. Towards these goals, we introduce a spectral parametrization of dilated convolutional kernels and a spectral transformer network. Experimentally we tested SyncSpecCNN on various tasks, including 3D shape part segmentation and keypoint prediction. State-of-the-art performance has been achieved on all benchmark datasets.
Preventing Occupancy Detection From Smart Meters (2015)

Utilities are rapidly deploying smart meters that measure electricity usage in real-time. Unfortunately, smart meters indirectly leak sensitive information about a home's occupancy, which is easy to detect because it highly correlates with simple statistical metrics, such as power's mean, variance, and range. To prevent occupancy detection, we propose using the thermal energy storage of electric water heaters already present in many homes. In essence, our approach, which we call combined heat and privacy (CHPr), modulates a water heater's power usage to make it look like someone is always home. We design a CHPr-enabled water heater that regulates its energy usage to thwart a variety of occupancy detection attacks without violating its objective-to provide hot water on demand-and evaluate it in simulation using real data. Our results show that a standard 50-gal CHPr-enabled water heater prevents a wide range of state-of-the-art occupancy detection attacks.
3‐Amino‐4‐isothiazolcarbonitrile und Isothiazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine (1968)

Abstract Die Alkalisalze in 2‐Stellung substituierter 2‐Mercapto‐1‐cyan‐acrylnitrile 1 bilden mit Chloramin in 5‐Stellung entsprechend substituierte 3‐Amino‐4‐isothiazolcarbonitrile 2 . Mit Hydroxylamin‐O‐sulfonsäure an Stelle von Chloramin sind die Ausbeuten an 2 geringer. 3‐Amino‐5‐methyl‐4‐isothiazolcarbonitril ( 2a ) reagiert mit Orthoameisensäure‐äthylester/Acetanhydrid zu 3‐[Äthoxymethylen]amino‐5‐methyl‐4‐isothiazolcarbonitril ( 6 ), das mit Ammoniak, primären Aminen und Hydrazinen die entsprechend substituierten Isothiazolo[ 3,4 ‐d]‐pyrimidine 7, 8, 9 und 11 liefert.
Identification of Urban Clusters in China Based on Assessment of Transportation Accessibility and Socio-Economic Indicators (2011)

Urban clusters are the expected products of high levels of industry and urbanization in a country, as well as being the basic units of participation in global competition. With respect to China, urban clusters are regarded as the dominant formation for boosting the China's urbanization process. However, to date, there is no coincident, efficient, and credible methodological system and set of techniques to identify Chinese urban clusters. This research investigates the potential of an computerized identification method supported by geographic information techniques to provide a better understanding of the distribution of China's urban clusters. The identification method is executed based on a geographic information database, a digital elevation model, and socio-economic data with the aid of ArcInfo Macro Language programming. In the method, preliminary boundaries are identified according to transportation accessibility, and final identifications are achieved from limiting city numbers, population, and GDP in a region with the aid of the rasterized socio-economic dataset. The results show that the method identifies nine Chinese urban clusters, i.e., Pearl River Delta, Lower Yangtze River Valley, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Northeast China, Middle Yangtze River Valley, Central China Plains, Western Taiwan Strait, Guanzhong and Chengdu-Chongqing urban clusters. This research represents the first study involving the computerized identification of China's urban clusters. Moreover, compared to other related studies, the study's approach, which combines transportation accessibility and socio-economic characteristics, is shown to be a distinct, effective and reliable way of identifying urban clusters.
Preparation and Properties of Pyridine-Analogue of TCNQ Dianion Salt (1988)

Abstract Bis(tetrapropyl- and tetrabutylammonium) 1,1′-(2,5-pyridinediyl)bis[dicyanomethanide] (4a and 4b) were prepared in order to investigate the properties of pyridine-analogue 3 of TCNQ as a new electron acceptor and its complexation with TTF. Although 3 was not isolated, the cyclic voltammetry of the salt 4 indicated that 3 was a stronger electron acceptor than TCNQ. The charge-transfer complex of TTF and 3 was prepared by mixing TTF with 3 which was generated in situ from the electrolytic oxidation of 4 or from the oxidation of 2,5-bis(dicyanomethyl)pyridine, a precursor of 4, with hydrogen peroxide. It consisted of 1 : 1 composition of donor and acceptor and showed a high electrical conductivity of 19 S cm−1. The 2 : 1 complex was prepared by metathesis of (TTF)3(BF4)2 and 4, and also highly conductive.
Safety and Immunogenicity of an Oral, Killed Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli‐</i>Cholera Toxin B Subunit Vaccine in Egyptian Adults (1998)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhea in young children in developing countries. The safety and immunogenicity of a killed, oral ETEC vaccine consisting of whole cells plus recombinantly produced cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) was evaluated in Egypt, which is endemic for ETEC diarrhea. Seventy-four healthy Egyptian adults (21-45 years old) were randomized and received two doses of the ETEC/rCTB vaccine (E003) or placebo 2 weeks apart. The frequency of adverse events after either dose did not differ by treatment group, and no severe adverse events were reported. After vaccination, peripheral blood IgA B cell responses to CTB (100%) and to vaccine colonization factor antigens CFA/I (94%), CS4 (100%), CS2 (81%), and CS1 (69%) were significantly higher than response rates for the placebo group. These favorable results in Egyptian adults indicate that the ETEC/rCTB vaccine is a promising candidate for evaluation in younger age groups in this setting.
The results of shoulder arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2002)

We have performed a clinical and radiological analysis of 105 shoulder arthroplasties in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The clinical results showed improvements in the Constant-Murley and Association of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score of 21 and 35, respectively. Both were statistically significant (p < 0.001). This improvement was maintained over a period of 8.8 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the scores after hemiarthroplasty and those after total arthroplasty. The presence of an intact rotator cuff was associated with improved function in both groups. In spite of the use of an uncemented humeral stem, no implant was radiologically loose or at risk. There was lucency in a single zone in 14 implants. One glenoid component was at risk and 16 had lucency in a single zone. There was, however, a significant difference in the amount of lucency which was associated with pegged and keeled glenoid components (p = 0.005). In the group with hemiarthroplasty, two or more years after surgery there was superior migration of the humeral component by more than 5 mm in 18 shoulders (28%) and medial migration by more than 2 mm in eight (16%). Both superior and medial migration had an effect on the outcome. Revision was undertaken in four patients for persistent pain relating to medial migration. With revision taken as the endpoint for survival after eight years, 92% were found to be still in situ.
Bluetooth-based indoor positioning with fuzzy based dynamic calibration (2010)

Indoor positioning using readily available Bluetooth (BT) technology and Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) values on a BT node has been a goal of researchers for some time. However, the fluctuations of the RSSI values due to the nature of RF signals and the environmental changes lead to significant errors in the accuracy of the indoor positioning applications. This paper proposes a new approach based on monitoring variations of the received RSSI and dynamic calibration of the BT nodes to adapt to these variations. In order to further enhance the accuracy, a fuzzy logic unit has been designed to perceive the situations when the BT node is in proximity to one of the reference nodes available in an environment. Testing results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the performance of the indoor positioning compared to other known methods. Results show that the new approach is able to locate objects in the indoor environment with an average error of 1.27 m, which is sufficient for many indoor positioning applications.
Evaluation of digital unsharp masking and local contrast stretching as applied to chest radiographs (1988)

The first six digital radiographs of the human chest generated by the Diode Array Digital Radiography scanner of the University of Pittsburg have been evaluated using a statistically designed experiment to study image-processing methods for displaying different anatomical landmarks. Linear and nonlinear unsharp masking and local contrast stretching were used. The experimental procedure, statistical analysis of the data obtained, and the results obtained are described and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal route planning under uncertainty (2006)

We present new complexity results and efcient algorithms for optimal route planning in the presence of uncertainty. We employ a decision theoretic framework for dening the op-timal route: for a given source S and destination T in the graph, we seek an ST-path of lowest expected cost where the edge travel times are random variables and the cost is a nonlinear function of total travel time. Although this is a natural model for route-planning on real-world road net-works, results are sparse due to the analytic difculty of nd-ing closed form expressions for the expected cost (Fan, Kal-aba &amp; Moore), as well as the computational/combinatorial difculty of efciently nding an optimal path which mini-mizes the expected cost. We identify a family of appropri-ate cost models and travel time distributions that are closed under convolution and physically valid. We obtain hardness results for routing problems with a given start time and cost functions with a global minimum, in a variety of determin-istic and stochastic settings. In general the global cost is not separable into edge costs, precluding classic shortest-path ap-proaches. However, using partial minimization techniques, we exhibit an efcient solution via dynamic programming with low polynomial complexity.
Resistance of herpes simplex virus type 1 to peptidomimetic ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors: selection and characterization of mutant isolates (1996)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encodes its own ribonucleotide reductase (RR), which provides the high levels of deoxynucleoside triphosphates required for viral DNA replication in infected cells. HSV RR is composed of two distinct subunits, R1 and R2, whose association is required for enzymatic activity. Peptidomimetic inhibitors that mimic the C-terminal amino acids of R2 inhibit HSV RR by preventing the association of R1 and R2. These compounds are candidate antiviral therapeutic agents. Here we describe the in vitro selection of HSV type 1 KOS variants with three- to ninefold-decreased sensitivity to the RR inhibitor BILD 733. The resistant isolates have growth properties in vitro similar to those of wild-type KOS but are more sensitive to acyclovir, possibly as a consequence of functional impairment of their RRs. A single amino acid substitution in R1 (Ala-1091 to Ser) was associated with threefold resistance to BILD 733, whereas an additional substitution (Pro-1090 to Leu) was required for higher levels of resistance. These mutations were reintroduced into HSV type 1 KOS and shown to be sufficient to confer the resistance phenotype. Studies in vitro with RRs isolated from cells infected with these mutant viruses demonstrated that these RRs bind BILD 733 more weakly than the wild-type enzyme and are also functionally impaired, exhibiting an elevated dissociation constant (Kd) for R1-R2 subunit association and/or reduced activity (kcat). This work provides evidence that the C-terminal end of HSV R1 (residues 1090 and 1091) is involved in R2 binding interactions and demonstrates that resistance to subunit association inhibitors may be associated with compromised activity of the target enzyme.
Nuclear architecture and ultrastructural distribution of poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, a multifunctional enzyme (1996)

A monospecific autoimmune serum for poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase (pADPRT) was used to localise the enzyme in ultrastructural cellular compartments. We detected enzyme in mitochondria of HeLa and Sertoli cells. Within the nucleoplasm the enzyme concentration was positively correlated with the degree of chromatin condensation, with interchromatin spaces being virtually free of pADPRT. During spermatogenesis we observed a gradual increase of the chromatin associated pADPRT that parallelled chromatin condensation. The highest concentration was seen in the late stages of sperm differentiation, indicating the existence of a storage form in transcriptionally inactive nuclei. In nucleoli pADPRT is accumulated in foci within the dense fibrillar component. Such foci are seen in close spatial relationship to sites of nucleolar transcription as revealed by high resolution immunodetection of bromouridine uptake sites. It is suggested that nucleolar pADPRT plays a role in preribosome processing via the modification of nucleolus specific proteins that bind to nascent transcripts and hence indirectly regulates polymerase I activity. The persisting binding of pADPRT to ribonucleoproteins may explain the observed disperse enzyme distribution at lower concentrations in the granular component. The fibrillar centres seem to contain no pADPRT. We conclude that known compounds of fibrillar centres like polymerase I are unlikely candidates for modification via direct covalent ADP-ribosylation.
APRIL but not BLyS serum levels are increased in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: prognostic relevance of APRIL for survival (2007)

APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) and BLyS (B lymphocyte stimulator) expression have been reported in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. We examined APRIL and BLyS serum levels in CLL patients and evaluated the prognostic significance of APRIL expression on survival.
Continuous regularized Gauss-Newton-type algorithm for nonlinear ill-posed equations with simultaneous updates of inverse derivative (2001)

A new continuous regularized Gauss-Newton-type method with simultaneous updates of the operator $(F^{\pr*}(x(t))F'(x(t))+\ep(t) I)^{-1}$ for solving nonlinear ill-posed equations in a Hilbert space is proposed. A convergence theorem is proved. An attractive and novel feature of the proposed method is the absence of the assumptions about the location of the spectrum of the operator $F'(x)$. The absence of such assumptions is made possible by a source-type condition.
A Wide-Range Tunable 25MHz-110MHz BiCMOS Continuous- Time Filter (1996)

A high speed bandpass continuous-time biquad filter is implemented in a 0.8pm BiCMOS technology. It demonstrates a wide range of frequency tunability from 25MHz-1lOMHz. The filter intermodulation distortion stays below -52dB at 5OMHz with 100mVp input differential signals. The power consumption (f, = 5OMHz) is 90mW with a single 5V supply.