gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specialised neural network for learning synonyms and related concepts in large document collections (2002)

For very large document collections or high volume streams of documents, finding relevant documents is a major information filtering problem. One of the main types of information retrieval systems produces a word frequency measure estimated by some important parts of the document using neural network approaches. This paper reports a new network structure for this task. It is specialised considering the main difficulties of these kinds of applications, namely, the calculation time complexity. It will be pointed out that the calculation, hence, the learning time is much reduced applying the new algorithm, however, the result is significantly improved compared to the former approaches, which offer a possibility to increase the number of considered words, hence, improve the effectiveness of information filtering systems.
Technology Entrepreneurship : A Treatise on Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship for and in Technology Ventures. Band 1. (2013)

The treatise is the first coherent and comprehensive presentation of the important sub-field of "technology entrepreneurship" emphasizing the science and engineering perspectives. It is a presentation of technology entrepreneurship as an inter-cultural approach referring to the US and Germany. It integrates micro- and macro aspects referring to numerous cases of firms' foundations. The book provides also a new semi-quantitative approach to growth of new technology ventures.
Phonotactics and Syllable Stress: Implications for the Processing of Spoken Nonsense Words (1997)

Two experiments using bisyllabic CVCCVC nonsense words that varied in phonotactic probability and stress placement were conducted to examine the influences of phonotactic and metrical information on spoken word recognition. Experiment 1 examined participants' intuitions about the phonological "goodness" of nonsense words. Experiment 2 examined processing times for the same stimuli in a speeded auditory repetition task. The results of both studies provide further evidence that the phonotactic configuration and stress placement of spoken stimuli have important implications for the representation and processing of spoken words.
Dimensioning and Energy Efficiency of Multi-Rate Metro Rings (2012)

Due to the ever-growing network capacity demand, energy-efficient and scalable networking solutions are needed in all networking segments. This paper focuses on the metro segment and compares the power consumption for four different technologies: Ethernet, Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers (ROADM), Optical Transport Networks (OTN), and an optical packet switching (OPS) solution called Packet Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers (“POADM”), which was recently proposed.
A database evolution approach for object-oriented databases (2002)

The paper describes a composite evolution approach which integrates the evolution of the various types of entities in an object-oriented database into one model. The approach provides maintainers with a coherent and comprehensible view of the system and at the same time maintains change histories at a fine granularity. Links among meta-objects are implemented using dynamic relationships which are semantic constructs and first-class objects. Referential integrity is maintained by the relationships architecture reducing the evolution complexity at the meta-object level. A customisable and exchangeable instance adaptation approach is proposed. The approach is based on separating the instance adaptation code from class versions using aspects, abstractions used in Aspect-Oriented Programming to localise crosscutting concerns. A high level object-oriented model offering transparent access to the proposed evolution functionality is provided.
Broiler breeding : breeding goals, selection schemes and the usefulness of local breeds for China (1999)

This dissertation considers three aspects of broiler breeding: definition of breeding goals, selection schemes for specialized lines, and the usefulness of local breeds for China. Economic values in broiler breeding were derived based on a deterministic model. A systematic design for the application of gene flow methodology to derive cumulative discounted expressions for production and reproduction traits was developed, and the effects of factors on the magnitude of cumulative discounted expressions were quantified. A breeding goal and a realistic scheme for the application of combined crossbred and purebred selection in a specialized dam line were defined, and the relative value of purebred and crossbred performance information in such a scheme was appraised. The potential role of local breeds in China in commercial breeding programs was discussed in relation to both providing high quality meat and meeting the objectives of genetic resource conservation.
Biosynthesis of Triphosphoribosyl-dephospho-coenzyme A, the Precursor of the Prosthetic Group of Malonate Decarboxylase (2000)

Malonate decarboxylase from Klebsiella pneumoniae consists of four subunits MdcA, D, E, and C and catalyzes the cleavage of malonate to acetate and CO(2). The smallest subunit MdcC is an acyl carrier protein to which acetyl and malonyl thioester residues are bound via a 2'-(5' '-phosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA prosthetic group and turn over during the catalytic mechanism. We report here on the biosynthesis of holo acyl carrier protein from the unmodified apoprotein. The prosthetic group biosynthesis starts with the MdcB-catalyzed condensation of dephospho-CoA with ATP to 2'-(5' '-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA. In this reaction, a new alpha (1' ' --> 2') glycosidic bond between the two ribosyl moieties is formed, and thereby, the adenine moiety of ATP is displaced. MdcB therefore is an ATP:dephospho-CoA 5'-triphosphoribosyl transferase. The second protein involved in holo ACP synthesis is MdcG. This enzyme forms a strong complex with the 2'-(5' '-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA prosthetic group precursor. This complex, called MdcG(i), is readily separated from free MdcG by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Upon incubation of MdcG(i) with apo acyl carrier protein, holo acyl carrier protein is synthesized by forming the phosphodiester bond between the 2'-(5' '-phosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA prosthetic group and serine 25 of the protein. MdcG corresponds to a 2'-(5' '-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA:apo ACP 2'-(5' '-phosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA transferase. In absence of the prosthetic group precursor, MdcG catalyzes at a low rate the adenylylation of apo acyl carrier protein using ATP as substrate. The adenylyl ACP thus formed is an unphysiological side product and is not involved in the biosynthesis of holo ACP. The 2'-(5' '-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA precursor of the prosthetic group has been purified and its identity confirmed by mass spectrometry and enzymatic analysis.
Detection efficiency of coherent optical radar (1984)

Using the Huygens-Fresnel principle, the detection efficiency of a coherent optical radar is formulated. This formulation includes the effect of misalignment between the signal field and the local oscillator field. In the far-field case, the detection efficiency of a diffuse target is approximately half that of a glint target when the transmitter and the receiver are of the same size and the misalignment angle is small. The effect of finite detector size on the detection efficiency is also studied. For a uniform local oscillator field mixed with a signal field at the detector surface, the optimum angular detector size is ~2λ/d2, where d2 is the receiver aperture size. This conclusion is valid for both diffuse and glint targets.
1 -Hydroxy-vitamin D2: a new look at an 'old' compound (1996)

Calcitriol is effective in suppressing PTH levels in haemodialysis patients with hyperparathyroidism but has a low therapeutic index. There is a search for other vitamin D sterols that suppress PTH but cause less hypercalcaemia. We review evidence that 1 alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D2 (1 alpha-D2) may be an effective and safer alternative to calcitriol. In vitamin D-deficient rats, 1 alpha-D2 is equipotent to 1 alpha-D3, which is converted to calcitriol before it acts; but, in normal rats, 1 alpha-D2 is much less toxic at high doses. In osteopenia models, either steroid-induced or following ovariectomy, 1 alpha-D2 is equal to or more effective than 1 alpha-D3 in preventing bone loss but causes less hypercalciuria. Studies in osteoporotic women reveal minimal hypercalciuria with 1 alpha-D2 at doses up to 4 micrograms/day, data suggesting greater safety than reported with calcitriol or 1 alpha-D3. Preliminary data in haemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism demonstrate the efficacy of 1 alpha-D2 in suppressing PTH levels with minimal untoward effects on serum Ca and no effects on serum P. Taken together, these observations suggest that 1 alpha-D2 deserves strong consideration as a therapeutic agent for secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with end-stage renal disease.
Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to Viral Nucleic Acid, XII. Ca<sup>2+</sup>-or Ba<sup>2+</sup>-Facilitated Transfection of Cell Envelope Mutants (1977)

Abstract Using various envelope mutants of Escherichia coli, the relationship between cell surface struc­ture and the Ca 2+ -or Ba 2+ -dependent competence for transfection was investigated. In contrast with rough strains, smooth bacteria treated with Ca 2+ or Ba 2+ were incompetent for the trans­fection by ØA RF. In E. coli K12 D21 derivatives, Ca 2+ -dependent competence remarkably in­ creased by lpsAl mutation and the highest level of competence was attained by further deficiency in glucose units of the LPS. Upon treatment with BaCl 2 , strain D21 and its lpsAl mutant became highly competent for ØA RF. The effect of Ba 2+ was, however, feeble for lpsAl mutants further deficient in heptose units and/or glucose units. Among different LPS mutants of E. coli B, variation of the Ca 2+ -or Ba 2+ -dependent competence was relatively small and even the competence of strain BB12, whose LPS core contained only two KDO units, was nearly equal to that of wild type bacteria. However, the level of cellular competence induced by Ba2+ was not allways parallel to that induced by Ca 2+ . In mutants deficient in outer membrane protein I, either Ca 2+ -or Ba 2+ -dependent competence increased several-fold, whereas in mutants devoid of outer membrane II*, the com­petence decreased considerably. Unlike nucleoside transport, the uptake of DNA was not affected by tsx mutation.
Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in human aging. (1984)

The oxygen-15 continuous inhalation technique and PET were used to study the age-related changes in regional CBF and CMRO2. Twenty-seven patients, aged 19 to 76 years, free of any history of cerebral disease and vascular risk factors were examined in "resting state." CBF, CMRO2 and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) values were calculated in seven different brain structures as well as in mean gray matter. Left-right ratios were also computed for all symmetrical structures analyzed. Mean gray CBF, but not mean gray CMRO2, decreased linearly with age (p less than 0.02). However, when younger subjects (less than or equal to 50 yrs) were compared to older subjects (greater than 50 yrs), an age-related matched decrease in CBF and CMRO2 was observed in mean gray matter (18% and 17%, p less than 0.05) and in all gray matter regions analyzed, particularly in frontal, temporo-sylvian and parieto-occipital cortex. White matter CBF and CMRO2 remained remarkably stable with advancing age. Although the possibility of methodological artifacts was considered, we favor progressive loss of cortical neurones and/or diminished activity of those remaining to explain our findings. In addition, age-related changes in cognitive activities might also be involved.
Control of the Microdomain Orientation in Block Copolymer Thin Films with Homopolymers for Lithographic Application (2007)

Block copolymer lithography is a promising method for fabricating periodical nanopatterns of less than 20 nm by self-assembly and can be applicable for fabricating patterned magnetic media with a recording density over 1 Tb/in.2. We found a simple technique to control the orientation of cylindrical microdomains in thin films. Simply by mixing polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) diblock copolymers with the homopolymer (PS or PMMA) of the major component, we could align the cylindrical microdomains perpendicular to the film surface. The added homopolymer induces conformational entropic relaxation of the block chains in microdomain space and stabilizes the perpendicular orientation of hexagonally packed cylindrical microdomains. Thus formed perpendicular cylinders can be readily aligned in a regular array with a grating substrate.
An analog front-end IP for 13.56MHz RFID interrogators (2005)

An analog front-end circuit for 13.56MHz RFID interrogators compatible with ISO14443, ISO15693 and ISO18000-3 Mode 1 RFID interrogators was designed and fabricated by using 0.35μm double poly CMOS process. The fabricated chip was operated at 3.3 volt single supply. The results of this work can be provided as reusable IPs in a form of hard or firm IPs for designing single chip 13.56MHz RFID interrogators.
Chemoselective Labeling of Engineered Fucosylated Glycoproteins (2007)

O fucose, where art thou? Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering in combination with chemoselective conjugation of biophysical labels has enabled researchers to selectively target and visualize fucose residues in cellular glycoprotein systems. These recent studies advance the chemical reporter strategy for the functional analysis of this important protein modification in a proteomic context.
First Observation of Mechanochromism at the Nanometer Scale (2000)

A mechanically induced color transition (“mechanochromism”) in poly(diacetylene) thin films has been generated at the nanometer scale using the tips of two different scanning probe microscopes. A blue-to-red chromatic transition in poly(diacetylene) molecular trilayer films, polymerized from 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (poly-PCDA), was found to result from shear forces acting between the tip and the poly-PCDA molecules, as independently observed with near-field scanning optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Red domains were identified by a fluorescence emission signature. Transformed regions as small as 30 nm in width were observed with AFM. The irreversibly transformed domains preferentially grow along the polymer backbone direction. Significant rearrangement of poly-PCDA bilayer segments is observed by AFM in transformed regions. The rearrangement of these segments appears to be a characteristic feature of the transition. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of nanometer-scale mechanochromism in any material.
The Application and Mechanism of Action of Ribavirin in Therapy of Hepatitis C (2012)

Ribavirin has been used as an antiviral agent for several decades. Although it has activity against numerous viruses, its major use clinically has been in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus in paediatric patients and chronic HCV infection in both children and adults. This review highlights the clinical application and mechanism of action of ribavirin and discusses the future role of ribavirin in treatment of HCV where there are intense research efforts to improve therapy.
Condensation of R-11 on the outside of vertical enhanced tubes (1981)

A review of condensation experiments with enhanced surface is presented in support of the program to develop improved condensers for geothermal binary power cycles. Experiments were conducted to determine heat transfer performance with Refrigerant-11 (R-11) condensing on the enhanced (outside) surface of single vertical tubes. Twelve tubes of 2.54-cm (1-in.) nominal OD and 1.22 m (4 ft) length with fluted, spiralled, roped, and corrugated surfaces were tested; several of the tested tubes also featured internal enhanced geometries. A smooth tube served as the basis of comparison. Composite heat transfer coefficients (coefficients that include the resistances of both the condensing film and the tube wall), based on total tube outside area, are repoted for all tubes, except a double-(internal/external) fluted tube, where only overall heat transfer data are presented. The main conclusions from this study are: (a) for a given heat flux, an external fluted tube can increase composite condensing heat transfer coefficients by up to 5.5 times the smooth tube values, giving better condensing performance than any of the other geometries tested; (b) a further increase in composite condensing coefficients can be achived by using drip skirts to remove the condensate from the surface at intervals along the condensing length; and (c) for a given overall temperature difference and water flow rate, internal flutes can increase the overall performance by up to 17% over that for a tube with identical outside flutes and a smooth inside surface.
VARIATIONS IN THE ERYTHEMAL RESPONSE OF GUINEA–PIG SKIN<sup>†</sup> (1981)

Abstract In albino guinea‐pigs marked differences were found in the erythemal responses at different sites of the back. The minimal erythemal dose (MED) to UVB (290‐320 nm) radiation of the upper part of the back was less than 20% of the MED of the lower part of the back. This difference was not due to variations in the thickness of the skin or optical transmission by the epidermis.
Hey1 and Hey2 Control the Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Mammalian Auditory Hair Cell Differentiation Downstream of Hedgehog Signaling (2014)

Mechano-sensory hair cells (HCs), housed in the inner ear cochlea, are critical for the perception of sound. In the mammalian cochlea, differentiation of HCs occurs in a striking basal-to-apical and medial-to-lateral gradient, which is thought to ensure correct patterning and proper function of the auditory sensory epithelium. Recent studies have revealed that Hedgehog signaling opposes HC differentiation and is critical for the establishment of the graded pattern of auditory HC differentiation. However, how Hedgehog signaling interferes with HC differentiation is unknown. Here, we provide evidence that in the murine cochlea, Hey1 and Hey2 control the spatiotemporal pattern of HC differentiation downstream of Hedgehog signaling. It has been recently shown that HEY1 and HEY2, two highly redundant HES-related transcriptional repressors, are highly expressed in supporting cell (SC) and HC progenitors (prosensory cells), but their prosensory function remained untested. Using a conditional double knock-out strategy, we demonstrate that prosensory cells form and proliferate properly in the absence of Hey1 and Hey2 but differentiate prematurely because of precocious upregulation of the pro-HC factor Atoh1. Moreover, we demonstrate that prosensory-specific expression of Hey1 and Hey2 and its subsequent graded downregulation is controlled by Hedgehog signaling in a largely FGFR-dependent manner. In summary, our study reveals a critical role for Hey1 and Hey2 in prosensory cell maintenance and identifies Hedgehog signaling as a novel upstream regulator of their prosensory function in the mammalian cochlea. The regulatory mechanism described here might be a broadly applied mechanism for controlling progenitor behavior in the central and peripheral nervous system.
MU-MIMO-Aware AP Selection for 802.11ac Networks (2017)

Major Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) vendors worldwide seek to provide gigabit wireless connectivity, by densely deploying MU-MIMO capable APs, which can support multiple, concurrent data streams to a group of clients, connected to them. However, MU-MIMO gains can only be achieved if an AP can identify groups of clients with homogenous configurations and orthogonal wireless channels, where concurrent transmissions will not cause inter-client interference. Hence, MU-MIMO performance is fundamentally depending on how the clients are assigned to APs. Our experiments with 802.11ac commodity testbeds show that state-of-the-art client assignment algorithms are MU-MIMO oblivious and limit the MU-MIMO grouping opportunities in realistic settings. In this paper, we design and implement MAPS, an MU-MIMO-Aware AP Selection algorithm that is 802.11-compliant and can boost network's MU-MIMO throughput gains. We verified MAPS' gains over legacy designs via extensive experiments with 802.11ac commodity testbeds.
Flexible Electronics (2009)

Enhanced energy-storage performance in a flexible film capacitor with coexistence of ferroelectric and polymorphic antiferroelectric domains,
Haploids--Hapless or Happening? (2001)

Why do animals have duplicate sets of chromosomes (diploid) instead of just one set (haploid)? The theory goes that diploidy is a superior state because if one copy of a gene gets mutated, the second copy can compensate. This dogma has been thrown into disarray with the first report of an animal, the false spider mite, that exists solely as a haploid (
 Weeks
 et al.). As
 Otto and Jarne
 explain in their Perspective, the presence of a feminizing intracellular bacterium renders all of the mites female and the females then reproduce infected female offspring from unfertilized eggs (parthenogenesis). This negates the requirement for males and ensures that the genome remains haploid.
Poor performance (2001)

International agencies now believe that better health is the key to preventing and escaping poverty. So what does that mean for nursing and midwifery practice?
Flow cytometry in the diagnosis and classification of malignant lymphoma and leukemia (1982)

DNA content and light scatter were measured by flow cytometry (FCM) in 103 patients including 43 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), eight patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), 17 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), ten patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and 25 patients with chronic lymphoid leukemias. Controls consisted of 42 nonneoplastic specimens obtained from lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral blood. Each specimen was analyzed after staining with a hypotonic solution of propidium iodide using nuclei isolated from chicken erythrocytes as an internal standard. The DNA content and light scatter of the human populations was expressed as a ratio between the DNA content (or light scatter) of the human G0--G1 cells and that of the chicken erythrocytes nuclei. The mean DNA ratio for the 42 nonneoplastic samples was 2.58 +/- 0.045 (SD). In these samples the DNA coefficient of variation of the human G0--G1 peak ranged from 1.48--3.28% (mean, 2.33 +/- 0.54%). The FCM data in the NHL was compared to morphologic diagnoses made according to the "working formulation of NHL for clinical usage" recently proposed by a panel of international experts. Eight of 17 (47%) low grade NHL, one of two (50%) mycosis fungoides, ten of 14 (71%) intermediate grade NHL, nine of ten (90%) high grade NHL, nine of 17 (53%) ALL, three of ten (30%) ANLL, and seven of 25 (28%) chronic lymphoid leukemias had abnormal DNA ratios indicative of aneuploidy. In addition, several cases had normal DNA ratios but G0--G1 coefficients of variation outside of the normal range. All cases of HD had normal DNA values except one case with a small percentage of near tetraploid cells. The mean percentage of cells with S-phase DNA content for the low grade NHL (2.2 +/- 0.8%) was significantly lower than that of the intermediate grade NHL (12.1 +/- 4.9%; P less than 0.0001). The mean S-phase value for the intermediate grade NHL was significantly lower than that of the high grade NHL (22.6 +/- 11.1%; P less than 0.001). The three prognostic categories of NHL designated by the new formulation were clearly distinguishable by the FCM data. Light scatter was not particularly useful for distinguishing nonneoplastic from neoplastic populations. The mean light scatter coefficient of variation of the ALL (15.2%) was significantly lower than that of ANLL (20.5%), however (P less than 0.04).