gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Antiplatelet Efficacy of a Novel, Nonpeptide GPIIb/IIIa Antagonist (XV454) and Abciximab (c7E3) in Flow Models of Thrombosis (2001)

Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa is pivotal in homotypic platelet aggregation and may also be involved in the heterotypic adhesion of leukocytes and tumor cells to platelets. This study was primarily undertaken to compare the antiplatelet efficacy of a novel, nonpeptide GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, XV454, to that of abciximab in 2 flow models of platelet thrombus formation: (1) direct shear-induced platelet aggregation imposed by a cone-and-plate rheometer and (2) platelet adhesion onto von Willebrand factor (vWF)/collagen I followed by aggregation in a perfusion system. XV454 inhibited platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner in both experimental models. Maximal inhibition of aggregation was achieved by XV454 at approximately 70% receptor occupancy, which is lower than the >/=85% previously reported for abciximab. At similar levels of receptor blockade (approximately 45%), XV454 appeared to be relatively more effective than abciximab in suppressing platelet aggregation. Neither XV454 nor abciximab inhibited platelet adhesion to collagen. Pretreatment of surface-adherent platelets with either XV454 or abciximab inhibited the attachment of monocytic THP-1 cells under flow. In contrast, the rapidly reversible GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor orbofiban failed to suppress these heterotypic interactions. These findings demonstrate that XV454 is a potent GPIIb/IIIa antagonist with a long receptor-bound lifetime like abciximab and may be beneficial for the treatment/prevention of thrombotic complications.
New Ruthenium Bis(terpyridine) Methanofullerene and Pyrrolidinofullerene Complexes: Synthesis and Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties (2015)

A series of terpyridine (tpy) methanofullerene and pyrrolidinofullerene dyads linked via p-phenylene or p-phenyleneethynylenephenylene (PEP) units is presented. The coordination to ruthenium(II) yields donor-bridge-acceptor assemblies with different lengths. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis and luminescence spectroscopy are applied to study the electronic interactions between the active moieties. It is shown that, upon light excitation of the ruthenium(II)-based (1)MLCT transition, the formed (3)MLCT state is readily quenched in the presence of C60. The photoinduced dynamics have been studied by transient absorption spectroscopy, which reveals fast depopulation of the (3)MLCT (73-406 ps). As a consequence, energy transfer occurs, populating a long-lived triplet state, which could be assigned to the (3)C60* state.
Optical pumping and electromagnetically induced transparency in a lithium vapour (2005)

We report the first study of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on the D1 and D2 lines of 7Li in a vapour cell. The effect of different polarizations, background gas pressures and experimental designs on the dark resonance are examined. It is found that EIT is more prominent on the D1 line than on the D2 line and is present at the D2 transition under incident orthogonal linearly polarized fields and parallel circularly polarized fields, but absent for parallel linearly polarized fields and for orthogonal circularly polarized fields. It is shown that the contrast of the dark resonances can be affected by the presence of an inert background gas. An analysis of a further nine resonances observed at the D1 transition and three resonances at the D2 transition is presented.
Mediators of complement-independent granulocyte activation during haemodialysis: role of calcium, prostaglandins and leukotrienes (1993)

Granulocyte activation during haemodialysis using cuprophane membrane is mediated by complement-derived anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. However, neutrophil degranulation induced by modified cellulosic membranes or synthetic membranes does not correlate with C3a or C5a concentrations. Incubation and recirculation experiments were performed to find out which messengers trigger neutrophil degranulation during blood contact with different membrane materials. During in vitro haemodialysis for 2 hours, PMMA and cuprophane induced pronounced degranulation of neutrophils. With PMMA this was associated with increased thromboxane B2 but low C3a levels, while with cuprophane membrane, marked complement activation but only little thromboxane B2 release was observed. Indomethacin (10 microM) nullified all thromboxane B2 response but could not influence elastase release, indicating that cyclo-oxygenase products are not involved in neutrophil degranulation under these conditions. During incubation of blood with dialysis membranes, inhibition of lipoxygenase by esculetin or of phospholipase A2 by hydrocortisone also had no effect on neutrophil degranulation. One messenger involved in granulocyte activation might be free cytosolic calcium. Application of different calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem, or nitrendipine) did not influence neutrophil degranulation in incubation experiments, in PMMA or cuprophane membranes. In contrast, chelation of plasmatic calcium by sodium citrate or EDTA blunted elastase release induced by these membranes. This study indicates that calcium is a key mediator required for neutrophil degranulation in complement-activating and non-complement-activating dialysis membranes, while activation of the prostaglandin or leukotriene cascade are not required.
Differential induction and suppression of potato 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase genes in response to Phytophthora infestans and to its elicitor arachidonic acid. (1992)

Induction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is essential for the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins and steroid derivatives in Solanaceous plants following stresses imposed by wounding and pathogen infection. To better understand this complex step in stress-responsive isoprenoid synthesis, we isolated three classes of cDNAS encoding HMGR (hmg1, hmg2, and hmg3) from a potato tuber library using a probe derived from an Arabidopsis HMGR cDNA. The potato cDNAs had extensive homology in portions of the protein coding regions but had low homology in the 3' untranslated regions. RNA gel blot analyses using gene-specific probes showed that hmg1 was strongly induced in tuber tissue by wounding, but the wound induction was strongly suppressed by treatment of the tissue with the fungal elicitor arachidonic acid or by inoculation with an incompatible or compatible race of the fungal pathogen Phytophtora infestans. The hmg2 and hmg3 mRNAs also accumulated in response to wounding, but in contrast to hmg1, these mRNAs were strongly enhanced by arachidonic acid or inoculation. Inoculation with a compatible race of P. infestans resulted in similar patterns in HMGR gene expression of hmg2 and hmg3 except that the magnitude and rate of the changes in mRNA levels were reduced relative to the incompatible interaction. The differential regulation of members of the HMGR gene family may explain in part the previously reported changes in HMGR enzyme activities following wounding and elicitor treatment. The suppression of hmg1 and the enhancement of hmg2 and hmg3 transcript levels following elicitor treatment or inoculation with the incompatible race parallel the suppression in steroid and stimulation of sesquiterpenoid accumulations observed in earlier investigations. The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that there are discrete organizational channels for sterol and sesquiterpene biosynthesis in potato and other Solanaceous species.
Polyvinylidene fluoride/nickel composite materials for charge storing, electromagnetic interference absorption, and shielding applications (2015)

In this paper, the composites of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/nickel (Ni) prepared through simple blending and hot-molding process have been investigated for dielectric, electromagnetic shielding, and radar absorbing properties. In order to study complex permittivity of the composites in 40 Hz–20 MHz frequency range, impedance spectroscopy (IS) technique is used. Besides, the complex permittivity and permeability in addition to shielding effectiveness (SE), reflection coefficient (backed by air), and loss factor are calculated using scattering parameters measured in X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) by waveguide method. Further, in X-band, a theoretical analysis of single layer absorbing structure backed by perfect electrical conductor is then performed. A flanged coaxial holder has also been designed, fabricated, calibrated, and tested for electromagnetic interference SE measurement in the broad frequency range (50 MHz–18 GHz). The IS results indicate large enhancement in dielectric constant as a function of Ni loading in the polymer-metal composite (PMC) phase. This result has been explained using interfacial polarization and percolation theory. The frequency dependent response of ac conductivity has been analyzed by fitting the experimental data to the “Johnscher's universal dielectric response law” model. The results obtained for SE (in X-band over broad frequency range) and reflection coefficient indicate that PVDF/Ni composites give better electromagnetic interference shielding and radar absorption properties at filler concentration (fcon) ≥ fc in the PMC, whereas at fc &lt; fcon, the charge storage mechanism dominates in the insulator regime of the composite phase. Therefore, the range of PMC compositions below and above percolation threshold has been observed to have different variety of applications.
Compositional Analysis for Identification of Arson Accelerants by Electron Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (2001)

Elemental compositions of each of 100 to 500 different constituents (i.e., every peak in a mass-to-charge ratio range, 50 < m/z < 300) of lighter fluid, kerosene, turpatine, gasoline, diesel fuel, and two brands of mineral spirits (and their weathered analogs) make possible direct identification of each accelerant in a experimental fire, based on electron ionization 6.0 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (EI FT-ICR) ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Septum injection of as little as 500 nL of accelerant into an all-glass heated inlet system yields definitive elemental compositions (molecular formulas) based on accurate (< +/-1 ppm average error) mass measurement alone. Extraction and EI FT-ICR mass analysis of fire debris from a controlled burn of a couch with simple (lighter fluid) and complex (turpatine) ignitable liquid yielded dozens of elemental compositions serving as a unique "fingerprint" for each petroleum product, despite the presence of up to 249 additional extracted matrix and pyrolysis components. Forty-five of 56 lighter fluid constituents and 126 of 133 turpatine constituents (not counting 13C-containing species) were identified in the debris from a fire staged for each respective accelerant.
Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement (2010)

Neuroethics is a developing field, concerned with addressing present and future applied ethical issues brought about directly and indirectly by neuroscience advancements. One domain where neuroscience has begun to have far-reaching ethical implications is in the research and development of pharmaceutical cognitive enhancers. Though such drugs are typically developed to treat cognitive disabilities and improve the quality of life for patients with neuropsychiatric disorders and brain injury, research has found that such drugs can improve performance on cognitive tasks in healthy individuals. In line with such findings is the growing use of these drugs by students and others for cognitive-enhancing purposes. The present paper reviews some of the evidence in both neuropsychiatric and healthy individuals and discusses the implications such research can have for society.
Hydrogen production from biomass (2006)

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.
Textbook of hearing aid amplification (2000)

A Historical Overview. Speech Perception and Hearing Aids. Hearing Aid Selection: An Overview. Earmold Acoustics and Technology. Principles of High-Fidelity Hearing Aid Amplification. The Many Faces of Compression. Use of Microphone Technology to Improve User Performance in Noise. Digital Signal Processing Instruments. Technical Considerations for Sound Field Audiometry. Sound Field Assessment: Hearing Aids and Related Issues. Principles and Clinical Utility of Hearing Aid Fitting Formulas. Ear Canal Resonances. Hearing Aid Measurements and Clinical Applications. Principles of Postfitting Rehabilitation. Acceptance, Benefit, and Satisfaction Measures of Hearing Aid User Attitudes. Inventories of Self-Assessment Measurements of Hearing Aid Outcome. Psychology of Individuals With Hearing Impairment. Considerations for Selecting and Fitting of Amplification for Geriatric Adults. Hearing Aid Amplification and Central Auditory Disorders. Assistive Technologies for the Hearing Impaired. Cochlear Implants. Legal and Ethical Considerations in Hearing Instrument Dispensing. Observations and Future Considerations. Index.
Two-step-only phase-shifting interferometry with optimized detector bandwidth for microscopy of live cells (2009)

We present a phase-shifting interferometric technique for imaging live biological cells in growth media, while optimizing spatial resolution and enabling potential real-time measurement capabilities. The technique uses slightly-off-axis interferometry which requires less detector bandwidth than traditional off-axis interferometry and fewer measurements than traditional on-axis interferometry. Experimental and theoretical comparisons between the proposed method and these traditional interferometric approaches are given. The method is experimentally demonstrated via phase microscopy of live human skin cancer cells.
Augmented production of heparin-binding mitogenic proteins by preadipocytes from massively obese persons. (1992)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimulates the replication of preadipocytes and inhibits their differentiation. In this study we explored whether the same or related polypeptides were produced locally and acted by paracrine/autocrine mechanisms in adipose tissue. Omental preadipocytes from 7 lean and 10 massively obese (> 170% reference) subjects were grown to confluence in subculture. Total RNA was hybridized with a synthetic deoxynucleotide for human bFGF. In the case of all cell strains, there was expression of two major bFGF transcripts, 7.0 and 3.7 kb. Although there was considerable variation in the degree of expression, preadipocytes from massively obese subjects revealed much greater expression than did cells from the lean (P < 0.001). In studies of conditioned media prepared with preadipocytes, the presence of proteins belonging to the heparin-binding (fibroblast) growth factor family was indicated by Western blot analysis, for a 66-kD protein with anti-(1-24)bFGF, and for a 32-kD protein with anti-(40-63)bFGF antibodies. The relative quantity of the 66-kD protein correlated with body mass index at r = 0.72. bFGF-related proteins probably function normally to maintain an appropriate complement of adipocyte precursors. The augmented expression of heparin-binding growth factors in preadipocytes from some massively obese people probably contributes to the excessive cellularity of their fat depots.
Reduced-complexity soft-output Viterbi equalizer (2002)

In the classical soft-output Viterbi equalizer, the trace-back operation is required for computing the reliability information of the symbols on survivor paths. To reduce the complexity, a simplified algorithm is offered in this paper, which uses metric difference of merging paths to provide the reliability information. In this algorithm, the trace-back operation is avoided. Both forward and backward forms of this algorithm are provided. Simulation results show that the performance of this algorithm is close to the classical SOVA in both a binary GSM system and an 8-ary PAM system.
Zinc Metalloregulation of the Zinc Finger Pair Domain (2006)

The yeast transcriptional activator Zap1 contains two uncommon structural motifs designated zinc finger pair domains. The hallmark of this domain is the packing of two zinc finger motifs in one globular unit. One finger pair domain in Zap1 contains the AD2 transactivation domain. Zn(II) binding to this domain (ZF1/2) is kinetically labile yielding a zinc-regulated transactivator. The second finger pair domain (ZF3/4) lies within the DNA-binding domain, and it stably binds Zn(II). The goal of this study was to map the determinant conferring lability in Zn(II) binding by using finger pair chimeras. Whereas ZF2 contains the transactivation function, zinc regulation is dependent on the presence of ZF1. ZF3 can functionally replace ZF1, and a ZF3/2 finger pair retains limited zinc regulation. Replacement of ZF3 by ZF1 creating a ZF1/4 chimera was found to stably bind Zn(II), suggesting that the presence of a stable motif (ZF4) can impart binding stability on a labile motif (ZF1). Zn(II) binding in finger pair domains is dependent on the presence of both motifs. Mutations in one finger motif markedly attenuate Zn(II) binding to the second motif. Kinetic lability in Zn(II) binding was mapped to the alpha-helix of ZF2. A ZF1/ZFbeta2alpha4 chimera resembles ZF3/4 in Zn(II) binding stability in incubation studies with the Zn(II) chelators. The present results demonstrate that zinc regulation of AD activity of ZF2 is dependent on determinants in ZF1 as well as the alpha-helix segment of ZF2.
The impact of hazardous waste leachate on performance of clay liners (2012)

Penetration of hazardous liquids through waste containment barriers exerts contamination and considerable alterations in geotechnical properties of clay liners. In general, these changes are attributed to the variation of the dielectric constant and the chemistry of the pore fluids which cause changes in soil structure. In the present study, a series of laboratory tests were performed on natural and contaminated clay soil permeated with different hazardous liquids: ethylene glycol and toluene which are generally found in petroleum-contaminated sites, possessing intermediate and low dielectric constants. Toluene was used in its pure form and ethylene glycol was used at various percentages of 0, 20, 40 and 60% by the volume of distilled water. In addition, natural sea water was also utilized as an inorganic fluid for permeation and salinization of the clay soil. The overall test results indicated that plasticity, sedimentation time, unconfined compressive strength, swell and compressibility generally decreased with increasing organic fluid/water concentration, while a slight increase in the permeability values was observed. Pure toluene resulted in diminution of plasticity and considerable flocculation of the particles which caused the soil to become granular. Sea water also caused particle flocculation and reduction in plasticity, swell potential and unconfined compressive strength, although it was noted that compressibility properties remained unchanged compared to distilled water. Finally, the correlation between the electrical resistivity and plasticity index values suggested that the electrical resistivity measurements can be used as a detecting technique for subsurface soil and waste barrier contamination.
A new method for measuring the liquid permeability of coated and uncoated papers and boards (1997)

Article A new method for measuring the liquid permeability of coated and uncoated papers and boards was published on December 1, 2003 in the journal Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal (volume 18, issue 4).
A method for enucleating oocytes of<i>Xenopus laevis</i> (1977)

A method is described for the enucleation and complete healing of Xenopus oocytes so that the enucleated oocytes withstand multiple injections and culture for several days. The oocytes are defolliculated and enucleated manually and allowed to heal in a potassium phosphate buffer. Oocytes enucleated in this way support RNA synthesis by injected HeLa-cell nuclei 3 days later. This method is valuable in providing a low-background system in which transcription of injected nuclei can be studied.
Breaker Concentrations Required To Improve the Permeability of Proppant Packs Damaged by Concentrated Linear and Borate-Crosslinked Fracturing Fluids (1990)

ABSTRACT The permeability of proppant-packs may be significantly damaged by the gelling agents used in hydraulic fracturing fluids. Several recent fracture conductivity studies have sought to quantify the damage caused by common fracturing fluids over a wide range of downhole conditions. However, viable approaches to reducing the proppant-pack permeability damage caused by these fluids have rarely been discussed. Oxidative breakers have been well documented as being useful for degrading the viscosity of hydraulic fracturing fluids. Degrading the fluid to a non-viscous state was long thought to provide sufficient polymer degradation to minimize the proppant-pack permeability damage. Recent studies have illustrated that the permeability is significantly impaired by the concentrated polymer residue even though sufficient breaker concentrations have been added to effectively reduce the fluid viscosity. This study is concerned with the determination of the concentrations of an oxidative breaker which are required to significantly reduce the proppant-pack permeability damage caused by concentrated aqueous hydraulic fracturing fluids. Long-term proppant-pack permeability testing was performed using a modified API-type fracture conductivity cell which permitted fluid loss through two low-permeability cores. The fluids which were evaluated were linear and crosslinked gels of natural guar and hydroxypropyl guar (HPG). The effective polymer concentrations were varied from 100 to 440 Ib/Mgal to account for concentration due to fluid-loss. Test results indicate that elevated breaker concentrations can very effectively reduce proppant-pack permeability damage. The breaker concentrations required to show significant reduction in permeability damage were found to be strongly dependent upon the polymer concentration and the presence of crosslinker. An understanding of the relationships of these parameters and the resultant retained proppant-pack permeability can be very useful in the design of fracturing treatments or the prediction of well performance.
Structure, function and regulation of Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐sensitive cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) (1997)

The 85-kDa cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) is present in many cells and tissues and its unusual functional properties and catalytic mechanism are being elucidated. Notably, cPLA2 becomes catalytically active in the presence of free Ca2+ concentrations as present in stimulated cells and preferentially cleaves arachidonic acid-containing phospholipids. A variety of agonists, growth factors and cytokines, as well as stressful stimuli activate cPLA2 to hydrolyze cellular phospholipids thereby liberating fatty acids and lysophospholipids and providing the precursor substrates for the biosynthesis of eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor. These products of cPLA2 contribute to inflammatory and degenerative disease states and cPLA2 is therefore an attractive target for the development of novel therapies.