gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating Web service and grid enabling technologies to provide desktop access to high-performance cluster-based components for large-scale data services (2003)

At Sandia National Laboratories, a data services system is under development to provide web-based access to high-performance computing clusters. These clusters host a set of scalable post-processing applications for very large data manipulation and visualization of results generated by large-scale simulations in support of the design to analysis process for ensuring safety and reliability of the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile. The primary contribution of this work is the integration of standards-based web services technologies, grid-enabling software, and a component framework for parallel computing, resulting in a service-oriented architecture which provides end users the ability from their desktops to manage and understand simulation results for very large, complex problems.
Effects of Promoters on Properties of Cu-Zn-Al Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Cinnamyl Alcohol (2011)

Cu-Zn-Al catalyst was modified by the additives such as Ni and Mn, and the prepared catalyst was employed in the selective catalytic hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. The results showed that the addition of Ni could improve catalytic activity significantly, moreover, the improving effect was highest when Zn was replaced by Ni, simultaneously leading to excessive hydrogenation. The Cu-(5%)Mn-Zn-Al catalyst exhibited a higher selectivity of 93.6% for C = O bond to cinnamyl alcohol and hydrogenation activity of 33.0% conversion at 130°C under 1.0 MPa of H2 pressure with the reaction time of 1 h. TPR and XRD characterization showed that Mn promoter was favorable for the growth of Cu0 fine grains on the surface of catalyst, which not only led to steric effect which improved the selectivity for cinnamyl alcohol, but also reduced the numbers of active centers, consequently decreased the reaction rate.
Polycycloacetals <i>via</i> polytransacetalization of diglycerol bisacetonide (2018)

Diglycerol bisacetonide sourced from renewable, abundant and inexpensive glycerol is introduced as a building block for polycycloacetal (co)polymers, which cover a range in thermal and mechanical properties and degradability profile.
Live intrinsic video (2016)

Intrinsic video decomposition refers to the fundamentally ambiguous task of separating a video stream into its constituent layers, in particular reflectance and shading layers. Such a decomposition is the basis for a variety of video manipulation applications, such as realistic recoloring or retexturing of objects. We present a novel variational approach to tackle this underconstrained inverse problem at real-time frame rates, which enables on-line processing of live video footage. The problem of finding the intrinsic decomposition is formulated as a mixed variational ℓ 2 - ℓ p -optimization problem based on an objective function that is specifically tailored for fast optimization. To this end, we propose a novel combination of sophisticated local spatial and global spatio-temporal priors resulting in temporally coherent decompositions at real-time frame rates without the need for explicit correspondence search. We tackle the resulting high-dimensional, non-convex optimization problem via a novel data-parallel iteratively reweighted least squares solver that runs on commodity graphics hardware. Real-time performance is obtained by combining a local-global solution strategy with hierarchical coarse-to-fine optimization. Compelling real-time augmented reality applications, such as recoloring, material editing and retexturing, are demonstrated in a live setup. Our qualitative and quantitative evaluation shows that we obtain high-quality real-time decompositions even for challenging sequences. Our method is able to outperform state-of-the-art approaches in terms of runtime and result quality -- even without user guidance such as scribbles.
Optical Investigation of Aging Skin and the Development of Makeup That Restores a Youthful Look. (2002)

市販のメーク料は若い肌に使われたとき, その美しさを高めることができる。しかし同じメーク料が高齢者の肌に使われたときは, しばしば人工的で不自然な仕上りとなる。この現象の原因を知るために, われわれは肌の光学特性を調査した。その結果, メーク料の仕上りと肌表面の皮溝皮丘の状態との間に強い相関性があることを見出した。肌表面における水平方向への拡散が仕上りを左右するキー要因であり, この拡散が皮溝皮丘の状態に大きく影響されることを明らかにした。さらに調査を進めた結果, われわれは「水平方向への拡散指数 (LDI)」と名付けた重要な光学パラメータを提案するに至った。皮溝皮丘が明瞭で均一な若い肌は, 皮溝皮丘が平滑化した不均一な老化肌よりもLDI値が高いことがわかった。われわれは次にこの知見の応用を試みた。特別設計の繊維状粉体の拡散特性を利用し, 老化した肌のLDI値を高めるメーク料を試作した。この新しいメーク料は従来のものに比べ, 高齢者の肌をより自然にいきいきと仕上げられることをわれわれは確認した。
Determination of pitch and roll angles from data buoys (2005)

Pitch and roll angles are crucial for determining directional wave information from data buoys. A gimbaled gyro sensor is typically used to provide the pitch and roll information. There are three alternatives using lighter, smaller, cheaper, and easier to handle sensors to determine this information: (1) deriving the angles by using magnetometers, (2) deriving the angles from angular rate sensors, and (3) direct pitch and roll angle outputs from a dedicated motion package. Two sets of data measured from two data buoys were used in this study. The results show the pitch and roll angles derived from angular rate sensors are better than those from the other two methods using the data from the gimbaled gyro sensor as a reference.
Development of a membrane‐assisted hybrid bioreactor for ammonia and COD removal in wastewaters (2004)

Abstract A new membrane‐assisted hybrid bioreactor was developed to remove ammonia and organic matter. This system was composed of a hybrid circulating bed reactor (CBR) coupled in series to an ultrafiltration membrane module for biomass separation. The growth of biomass both in suspension and biofilms was promoted in the hybrid reactor. The system was operated for 103 days, during which a constant ammonia loading rate (ALR) was fed to the system. The COD/N‐NH 4 + ratio was manipulated between 0 and 4, in order to study the effects of different organic matter concentrations on the nitrification capacity of the system. Experimental results have shown that it was feasible to operate with a membrane hybrid system attaining 99% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and ammonia conversion. The ALR was 0.92 kg N‐NH 4 + m −3 d −1 and the organic loading rate (OLR) achieved up to 3.6 kg COD m −3 d −1 . Also, the concentration of ammonia in the effluent was low, 1 mg N‐NH 4 + dm −3 . Specific activity determinations have shown that there was a certain degree of segregation of nitrifiers and heterotrophs between the two biomass phases in the system. Growth of the slow‐growing nitrifiers took place preferentially in the biofilm and the fast‐growing heterotrophs grew in suspension. This fact allowed the nitrifying activity in the biofilm be maintained around 0.8 g N g −1 protein d −1 , regardless of the addition of organic matter in the influent. The specific nitrifying activity of suspended biomass varied between 0.3 and 0.4 g N g −1 VSS d −1 . Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Fractional crystallization by gas antisolvent technique: Theory and experiments (1998)

Abstract The efficacy of CO 2 us an antisolvent was studied experimentally for the precipitation of naphthalene and phenanthrene from their solutions in toluene at 298 and 310 K. Phenanthrene was salted out of solution at every condition investigated, whereas naphthalene was never segregated as a solid phase. These behaviors are explained by a model representing the composition of the phases and supersaturation of the solution as functions of pressure. Based on results from ternary systems, experiments were performed with the quaternary system CO 2 ‐toluene‐naphthakne‐phenanthrene: starting from an equimolar solution of the two solids in toluene, phenanthrene with a purity higher than 98.5% can be collected in the precipitation cell, while naphthalene with about 13% of phenanthrene is recovered from the liquid phase after expansion. The simulation of the process was able to account for the experimental evidence. Although the solutes used do not have a practical application, a general method is outlined to exploit the possibility of using the supercritical antisolvent technique for separation.
Primary user authentication in cognitive radio network using authentication tag (2016)

Today's wireless network is characterized by fixed spectrum assignment policy, which is known as licensed spectrum. But this licensed spectrum is not utilized properly and on the other hand due to enormously increase in wireless devices there is a problem of spectrum shortage. So a new technology, cognitive radio network (CRN) has been proposed by Mitola(2000) for efficient utilization of available spectrum and to overcome the problem of spectrum shortage. The aim of cognitive radio network technology is to use the license spectrum opportunistically without causing any harmful interference to primary user. But an attacker can mimic primary user signals to get unfair share of radio channels. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish primary user signal from an attacker signal or secondary user signal. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to authenticate primary user by using authentication tag at physical layer.
Parasites causing disease in wild and cultured fish in Newfoundland. (2009)

This study, based on field and laboratory observations, investigated the role of parasites as the cause of disease outbreaks and mass mortality in wild and cultured fish in Newfoundland over three decades. One ciliated protozoan, Trichodina jadranica (Ciliophora), and Loma branchialis (Microspora) were responsible for mass mortality of cultured fry and fingerling Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) while a myxozoan, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, and plerocercoids of a cestode, Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, caused a die-off of hatchery-reared Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) respectively after transfer to outdoor cages. A hematophagous copepod, Lernaeocera branchialis, was associated with mortality of wild Atlantic cod both in the laboratory and possibly in the field. One additional parasite, a coccidian, Goussia caseosa, caused lesions in the swim bladder of the roughhead grenadier, Macrourus berglax, a deep-sea fish. It is surmised that parasites have played a major role in mortality of both wild and cultured fish in New-foundland. Recommendations are made to prevent potential die-offs in cultured fish.
Efficient Storage and Processing of High-Volume Network Monitoring Data (2013)

Monitoring modern networks involves storing and transferring huge amounts of data. To cope with this problem, in this paper we propose a technique that allows to transform the measurement data in a representation format meeting two main objectives at the same time. Firstly, it allows to perform a number of operations directly on the transformed data with a controlled loss of accuracy, thanks to the mathematical framework it is based on. Secondly, the new representation has a small memory footprint, allowing to reduce the space needed for data storage and the time needed for data transfer. To validate our technique, we perform an analysis of its performance in terms of accuracy and memory footprint. The results show that the transformed data closely approximates the original data (within 5% relative error) while achieving a compression ratio of 20%; storage footprint can also be gradually reduced towards the one of the state-of-the-art compression tools, such as bzip2, if higher approximation is allowed. Finally, a sensibility analysis show that technique allows to trade-off the accuracy on different input fields so to accommodate for specific application needs, while a scalability analysis indicates that the technique scales with input size spanning up to three orders of magnitude.
An efficient quiet period management scheme for cognitive radio systems (2008)

In cognitive radio (CR) systems, the channel sensing scheme for detecting the presence of primary user directly affects the quality-of-service of CR users and primary user. In this letter, we propose a sensing scheme that consists of a series of consecutive energy detections followed by feature detection, where the energy detection time is much shorter than the feature detection time. With the proposed scheme, multiple energy detections decrease the feature detection due to false alarm and the overall channel sensing time. The performance evaluation using Markov analysis shows that the proposed scheme can heighten the maximum channel utilization of CR users, while maintaining the detection delay of primary user under a predefined value.
A Hybrid FPGA-Based System for EEG- and EMG-Based Online Movement Prediction (2017)

A current trend in the development of assistive devices for rehabilitation, for example exoskeletons or active orthoses, is to utilize physiological data to enhance their functionality and usability, for example by predicting the patient's upcoming movements using electroencephalography (EEG) or electromyography (EMG). However, these modalities have different temporal properties and classification accuracies, which results in specific advantages and disadvantages. To use physiological data analysis in rehabilitation devices, the processing should be performed in real-time, guarantee close to natural movement onset support, provide high mobility, and should be performed by miniaturized systems that can be embedded into the rehabilitation device. We present a novel Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) -based system for real-time movement prediction using physiological data. Its parallel processing capabilities allows the combination of movement predictions based on EEG and EMG and additionally a P300 detection, which is likely evoked by instructions of the therapist. The system is evaluated in an offline and an online study with twelve healthy subjects in total. We show that it provides a high computational performance and significantly lower power consumption in comparison to a standard PC. Furthermore, despite the usage of fixed-point computations, the proposed system achieves a classification accuracy similar to systems with double precision floating-point precision.
Concerted, Rapid, Quantitative, and Site-Specific Dual Labeling of Proteins (2014)

Rapid, one-pot, concerted, site-specific labeling of proteins at genetically encoded unnatural amino acids with distinct small molecules at physiological pH, temperature, and pressure is an important challenge. Current approaches require sequential labeling, low pH, and typically days to reach completion, limiting their utility. We report the efficient, genetically encoded incorporation of alkyne- and cyclopropene-containing amino acids at distinct sites in a protein using an optimized orthogonal translation system in E. coli. and quantitative, site-specific, one-pot, concerted protein labeling with fluorophores bearing azide and tetrazine groups, respectively. Protein double labeling in aqueous buffer at physiological pH, temperature, and pressure is quantitative in 30 min.
Xylanase, β-Glucanase, and Other Side Enzymatic Activities Have Greater Effects on the Viscosity of Several Feedstuffs than Xylanase and β-Glucanase Used Alone or in Combination (2002)

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of a pure xylanase, a pure beta-glucanase, a mix of the two pure enzymes, and a commercial enzyme preparation (Quatrazyme HP, Nutri-Tomen Les Ulis, France) on the viscosity exhibited by water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharides of several feedstuffs (Rialto wheat, Sidéral wheat, Isengrain wheat, triticale, rye, barley, oats, corn, wheat bran, rice bran, wheat screenings, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, and peas). The viscosity depended on the feedstuffs and varieties of the same feedstuff. There was a correlation (R (2) = 0.86) between viscosity of cereals and their arabinoxylan and beta-glucan contents. The correlation was greater (R (2) = 0.99) when the type of cereal was taken into account. The addition of pure xylanase significantly decreased the viscosity of all feedstuffs except sunflower meal (P < or = 0.05). However, pure beta-glucanase was unable significantly to decrease the viscosity of Isengrain wheat, corn, rice bran, wheat screenings, soybean meal, and sunflower meal. There was a greater decrease in viscosity with the combination of xylanase and beta-glucanase than with addition of xylanase or beta-glucanase alone. This synergistic action of xylanase and beta-glucanase was observed only in Rialto wheat, Sidéral wheat, triticale, rye, barley, oats, and peas. Finally, the commercial enzyme preparation produced a greater reduction (P < or = 0.05) in viscosity for all feedstuffs compared to xylanase or beta-glucanase used alone or in combination. The greater effectiveness of the commercial enzyme preparation was due to the presence of side enzymatic activities (arabinofuranosidase, xylosidase, glucosidase, galactosidase, cellulase, and polygalacturonase).
Copper is an endogenous modulator of neural circuit spontaneous activity (2014)

For reasons that remain insufficiently understood, the brain requires among the highest levels of metals in the body for normal function. The traditional paradigm for this organ and others is that fluxes of alkali and alkaline earth metals are required for signaling, but transition metals are maintained in static, tightly bound reservoirs for metabolism and protection against oxidative stress. Here we show that copper is an endogenous modulator of spontaneous activity, a property of functional neural circuitry. Using Copper Fluor-3 (CF3), a new fluorescent Cu(+) sensor for one- and two-photon imaging, we show that neurons and neural tissue maintain basal stores of loosely bound copper that can be attenuated by chelation, which define a labile copper pool. Targeted disruption of these labile copper stores by acute chelation or genetic knockdown of the CTR1 (copper transporter 1) copper channel alters the spatiotemporal properties of spontaneous activity in developing hippocampal and retinal circuits. The data identify an essential role for copper neuronal function and suggest broader contributions of this transition metal to cell signaling.
Transcutaneous Energy Transmission for Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems: History, Current Status, and Future Prospects (2010)

A totally implantable mechanical circulatory support system would be very desirable for destination therapy. However, implanting all components of a pulsatile total artificial heart (TAH) or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is complex because of the requirement for a continuous electrical power supply and the need for volume compensation. Implantable compliance chambers were developed for early LVAD designs, and although they functioned properly during initial laboratory tests, air loss by diffusion and the development of fibrous tissue around the sac eventually rendered them ineffective. Because these problems have not yet been overcome, volume displacement LVADs are currently designed with either a direct communication to an external drive console or an atmospheric vent. Transcutaneous energy transmission systems (TETSs) were also developed, but because the skin was being penetrated for volume compensation, it seemed more efficient to transmit electrical power through wires incorporated into the venting apparatus. More recently, TETSs were used clinically for both a pulsatile TAH and LVAD in a small number of patients, but for reasons unrelated to the TETS, neither of these devices is presently in use. Because the newer continuous-flow LVADs do not require a compliance chamber, they present a potential future application for TETS technology, because infections of the percutaneous tube continue to be one of the most important limitations of long-term circulatory support. A totally implantable LVAD with an incorporated TETS for destination therapy could become an important advance in the treatment of end-stage heart failure.
(De)Randomized Smoothing for Certifiable Defense against Patch Attacks (2020)

Patch adversarial attacks on images, in which the attacker can distort pixels within a region of bounded size, are an important threat model since they provide a quantitative model for physical adversarial attacks. In this paper, we introduce a certifiable defense against patch attacks that guarantees for a given image and patch attack size, no patch adversarial examples exist. Our method is related to the broad class of randomized smoothing robustness schemes which provide high-confidence probabilistic robustness certificates. By exploiting the fact that patch attacks are more constrained than general sparse attacks, we derive meaningfully large robustness certificates against them. Additionally, in contrast to smoothing-based defenses against L_p and sparse attacks, our defense method against patch attacks is de-randomized, yielding improved, deterministic certificates. Compared to the existing patch certification method proposed by Chiang et al. (2020), which relies on interval bound propagation, our method can be trained significantly faster, achieves high clean and certified robust accuracy on CIFAR-10, and provides certificates at ImageNet scale. For example, for a 5-by-5 patch attack on CIFAR-10, our method achieves up to around 57.6% certified accuracy (with a classifier with around 83.8% clean accuracy), compared to at most 30.3% certified accuracy for the existing method (with a classifier with around 47.8% clean accuracy). Our results effectively establish a new state-of-the-art of certifiable defense against patch attacks on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet. Code is available at https://github.com/alevine0/patchSmoothing.
General-purpose digital ticket framework (1998)

A digital ticket is a certificate that guarantees certain rights of the ticket owner. There are many applications for digital tickets but the ticket properties vary depending on the application. This variety makes the digital ticket processing system expensive, especially if dedicated systems must be developed for each application. This paper thus addresses issues on developing a common data schema and processing architecture for various types of digital tickets. This paper clarifies requirements for a general-purpose digital ticket and shows four features in contrast to digital cash: 1) parameterization of ticket properties on anonymity, transferability, and divisibility; 2) machineunderstandability of ticket contents; 3) statetransitionality of ticket status; and 4) composability of multiple tickets. To achieve parameterization of ticket properties and machine-understandability, we propose a Resource Description Framework (RDF)-based ticket description method. Its metadata facility e...
Blockchain as a privacy enabler: an odometer fraud prevention system (2017)

Giving people ownership of the data they produce becomes more and more important in times of ever-growing capabilities to collect and analyze data of individuals.In light of this challenge, we show how blockchain technology can enable privacy by presenting an odometer fraud prevention system.It records mileage and GPS data of cars and secures that on the blockchain, which strongly hinders odometer fraud.Our users own and control their data while at the same time data integrity is ensured.This facilitates the certification of that data.We discuss the advantages of this approach compared to current systems and also highlight limitations of our architecture and the use of blockchain technology.