gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Massively Multilingual ASR: 50 Languages, 1 Model, 1 Billion Parameters (2020)

We study training a single acoustic model for multiple languages with the aim of improving automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance on low-resource languages, and over-all simplifying deployment of ASR systems that support diverse languages. We perform an extensive benchmark on 51 languages, with varying amount of training data by language(from 100 hours to 1100 hours). We compare three variants of multilingual training from a single joint model without knowing the input language, to using this information, to multiple heads (one per language cluster). We show that multilingual training of ASR models on several languages can improve recognition performance, in particular, on low resource languages. We see 20.9%, 23% and 28.8% average WER relative reduction compared to monolingual baselines on joint model, joint model with language input and multi head model respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first work studying multilingual ASR at massive scale, with more than 50 languages and more than 16,000 hours of audio across them.
Surface Organic Modifications and the Performance of Sol−Gel Derived Gel−Glass Dispersed Liquid Crystals (GDLCs) (2003)

A new and reliable formulation has been developed for the preparation of gel−glass dispersed liquid crystal (GDLC) thin films using the sol−gel technique. Liquid crystal (LC) droplets were formed in-situ during the drying process of the applied films. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and different triethoxysilanes (R-TES) were used as precursors for the preparation of gel−glass−LC composites resulting in silica or organically modified silica matrixes (Ormosils). The usage of different precursors resulted in GDLCs with different electrooptical behavior due to the anchoring strength of the matrix surface to the LC molecules in the droplets. Samples prepared from TEOS or mixed TEOS/Me-TES precursors showed switching times between ON and OFF states of 10 and 300 ms, respectively, and required peak-to-peak voltages (Vp-p) of 200−300 V for operation. On the other hand, samples using TEOS/Et-TES and TEOS/Pr-TES precursors mixtures required much lower activation voltages of 100 and 40 V, respectively, and exhibited a very slow electrooptical response ranging between 1 and 3 s.
Progranulin promotes tumour necrosis factor‐induced proliferation of suppressive mouse <scp>CD</scp>4<sup>+</sup> <scp>F</scp>oxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory <scp>T</scp> cells (2014)

Progranulin (PGRN) is a pleiotropic growth factor with immunosuppressive properties. Recently, it was reported that PGRN was an antagonist of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, preferentially for TNFR2. However, we and others showed that TNF-TNFR2 interaction was critical for the activation and expansion of functional CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. We therefore examined the effect of PGRN on the proliferation of naturally occurring murine suppressive Treg cells induced by TNF. Consistent with our previous reports, TNF overcame the hyporesponsiveness of highly purified Treg cells to T-cell receptor stimulation. Furthermore, in the presence of interleukin-2, TNF preferentially stimulated proliferation of Treg cells contained in unfractionated CD4 cells. These effects of TNF on suppressive Treg cells were markedly increased by exogenous PGRN. TNF and TNFR2 interactions are required for this effect of PGRN, because the PGRN by itself did not stimulate Treg cell proliferation. The effect of PGRN on Treg cells was abrogated by antibody against TNFR2, and Treg cells deficient in TNFR2 also failed to respond to PGRN. Furthermore, PGRN also enhanced the proliferative responses of effector T cells to TNF, but to a lesser extent than that of Treg cells, presumably caused by the different levels of TNFR2 expression on these two subsets of CD4 cells. Hence, our data clearly show that PGRN promotes, rather than inhibits, the functional consequence of TNF-TNFR2 interaction on Treg cells.
Ion-beam-induced enhanced diffusion from gold thin films in silicon (2008)

Enhanced diffusion of gold atoms into silicon substrate has been studied in Au thin films of various thicknesses (2.0, 5.3, 10.9 and 27.5 nm) deposited on Si(111) and followed by irradiation with 1.5 MeV Au2+ at a flux of 6.3x10^12 ions cm-2 s-1 and fluence up to 1x10^15 ions cm-2. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements showed the presence of gold silicide formation for the above-mentioned systems at fluence greater than equal to 1x1014 ions cm-2. The maximum depth to which the gold atoms have been diffused at a fluence of 1x10^14 ions cm-2 for the cases of 2.0, 5.3, 10.9 and 27.5 nm thick films has been found to be 60, 95, 160 and 13 nm respectively. Interestingly, at higher fluence of 1x1015 ions cm-2 in case of 27.5 nm thick film, gold atoms from the film transported to a maximum depth of 265 nm in the substrate. The substrate silicon is found to be amorphous at the above fluence values where unusually large mass transport occurred. Enhanced diffusion has been explained on the basis of ion beam induced, flux dependent amorphous nature of the substrate, and transient beam induced temperature effects. This work confirms the absence of confinement effects that arise from spatially confined structures and existence of thermal and chemical reactions during ion irradiation.
Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells are capable of mediating hepatitis B virus infection in injured tissues (2008)

These results indicate that MSCs could serve as an additional extrahepatic virus reservoir, which may play a role at least in part in mediating HBV trans-infection into the injured tissues through the process of MSCs recruitment.
The Jean Hersholt Collection of Anderseniana at the Library of Congress (2006)

Hans Christian Andersen was already well known in the United States during his lifetime. Though he wanted to meet his American admirers, fear of accidents at sea kept Andersen from crossing the Atlantic. Three quarters of a century after the author's death, another Dane ensured that a part of Andersen's legacy would remain permanently in America. The Danish American actor, author, and humanitarian, Jean Hersholt, together with his Danishborn wife, Via, donated a treasure trove of Anderseniana to the Library of Congress in 1951. The Library's preeminent collection of Scandinavian materials is often overlooked amidst the institution's 130 million items in more than 400 languages. Andersen scholars in the United States, however, may want to explore the American Hersholt riches before venturing overseas for their research.
¿Cuántos actores había en el Siglo de Oro?: hacia un análisis numérico del Diccionario biográfico de actores del teatro clásico español (1997)

As revealed by scanning electron microscopy, three basic cusp shapes are found on the premaxillary teeth of mole salamanders: disc, cone, and club. In fully metamorphosed adults, tooth crowns are subdivided into labial and lingual cusps. Except for species of Linguaelapsus, the labial cusps of all adult bifid teeth are disc shaped; lingual cusp shape is more variable, but the taxonomic distribution of the various configurations is generally consistent within the subgroups Rhycosiredon, Ambystoma, and Linguaelapsus. The club shape appears to be a derived character state, but the cone and disc shapes may be either primitive or derived. Prior to the start of metamorphosis, all larvae have conical, monocuspid teeth. During metamorphosis these salamanders develop incipient bifid teeth that have the same basic adult pattern of cusp shapes but in which the cusps are smaller and more generalized. Crown morphology in paedomorphic ambystomatids is similar to that of older larvae; as such, paedomorphosis seems to interrupt and retard the ontogenetic sequence of development rather than to introduce (or reintroduce) novel morphologies into the developmental program. In larvae the crown is firmly attached to the tooth base along the putative zone of weakness, but in transformed adults the crown is separated from a pedicel by a narrow zone of fibrous connective tissue. This latter structural arrangement allows unidirectional lingual flexing of the crowns relative to the pedicel and appears to facilitate the process of tooth replacement.
An Exploration of the Active Site of Aldolase Using Structural Analogs of Fructose Diphosphate<sup>*</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Exploration of the Active Site of Aldolase Using Structural Analogs of Fructose Diphosphate*Frederick C. Hartman and Robert BarkerCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 6, 1068–1075Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00882a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00882a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Liquid Crystal Properties of Chiral Alkyl-Cyano-Biphenyls (and -<i>p</i>-Terphenyls) and of Some Related Chiral Compounds Derived from Biphenyl (1976)

Using only (-)-2-methylbutan-1-ol as an optically active starting material, other chiral aliphatic materials have been derived by synthetic procedures which preserve the optical activity, and a num...
[The protection of elemene on injured HUVECs induced by hydrogen peroxide]. (2007)

Elemene has dual effects on the survival rate of normal HUVECs in vitro, which is related to the concentration and the duration of drug exposure. Elemene has protective effects on the injured endothelial cells injured by oxidization through the function of anti-lipid oxidization.
Screening and X-ray Crystal Structure-based Optimization of Autotaxin (ENPP2) Inhibitors, Using a Newly Developed Fluorescence Probe (2013)

Autotaxin (ATX), also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2), was originally identified as a tumor cell autocrine motility factor and was found to be identical to plasma lysophospholipase D, which is the predominant contributor to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production from lysophospholipids. ATX is therefore considered to regulate the physiological and pathological roles of LPA, including angiogenesis, lymphocyte trafficking, tissue fibrosis, and cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Thus, it is a potential therapeutic target. Here, we first developed a sensitive and specific ATX fluorescence probe, TG-mTMP, and used it to screen ATX inhibitors in a large chemical library. This probe, which is superior to previously available probes FS-3 and CPF4 in terms of sensitivity or specificity, enabled us to identify several novel ATX inhibitor scaffolds. We solved the crystal structures of ATX complexes with the hit compounds at high resolution (1.75-1.95 Å) and used this information to guide optimization of the structure of a selected inhibitor. The optimized compounds, 3BoA and its derivatives, exhibited potent ATX-inhibitory activity both in vitro and in vivo. These inhibitors are expected to be useful tools to understand the roles of ATX in vitro and in vivo and may also be candidate anti-ATX therapeutic agents.
Variable Bit Quantisation for LSH (2013)

We introduce a scheme for optimally allocating a variable number of bits per LSH hyperplane. Previous approaches assign a constant number of bits per hyperplane. This neglects the fact that a subset of hyperplanes may be more informative than others. Our method, dubbed Variable Bit Quantisation (VBQ), provides a data-driven non-uniform bit allocation across hyperplanes. Despite only using a fraction of the available hyperplanes, VBQ outperforms uniform quantisation by up to 168% for retrieval across standard text and image datasets.
Bandwidth of a four-aperture element for a double-layer corporate-feed hollow-waveguide slot array (2009)

The four-aperture element for the double-layer corporate-feed hollow waveguide slot array has reflection below -15 dB over 9.5% bandwidth assuming the mutual couplings by the periodic boundary walls.
Neutralization of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2 Attenuates Neutrophil Recruitment and Bacterial Clearance in Murine Klebsiella Pneumonia (1996)

The role of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in bacterial pneumonia was characterized. Mice were challenged with Klebsiella pneumoniae intratracheally, and organs were harvested at 8, 24, and 48 h. Inoculation with K. pneumoniae resulted in the time-dependent expression of MIP-2 mRNA and protein within the lung, which was maximal 48 h after inoculation. Mice were then passively immunized with rabbit anti-murine MIP-2 serum intraperitoneally 2 h before administration of K. pneumoniae. Treatment with anti-MIP-2 serum resulted in a 60% decrease in lung neutrophil (PMNL) influx and a significant increase in K. pneumoniae colony-forming units in both lung and liver homogenates. Finally, treatment with anti-MIP-2 serum decreased early (48-72 h) but not late (after 72 h) survival in animals with Klebsiella pneumonia. This study indicates that MIP-2 is produced during Klebsiella pneumonia and inhibition of MIP-2 bioactivity in vivo results in decreased PMNL influx and lung bacterial clearance in murine Klebsiella pneumonia. MIP-2 is produced during Klebsiella pneumonia and inhibition of MIP-2 bioactivity in vivo results in decreased PMNL influx and lung bacterial clearance in murine Klebsiella pneumonia.
The Component Architecture of Open MPI: Enabling Third-Party Collective Algorithms* (2005)

As large-scale clusters become more distributed and heterogeneous, significant research interest has emerged in optimizing MPI collective operations because of the performance gains that can be realized. However, researchers wishing to develop new algorithms for MPI collective operations are typically faced with significant design, implementation, and logistical challenges. To address a number of needs in the MPI research community, Open MPI has been developed, a new MPI-2 implementation centered around a lightweight component architecture that provides a set of component frameworks for realizing collective algorithms, point-to-point communication, and other aspects of MPI implementations. In this chapter, we focus on the collective algorithm component framework. The “coll” framework provides tools for researchers to easily design, implement, and experiment with new collective algorithms in the context of a production-quality MPI. Performance results with basic collective operations demonstrate that the component architecture of Open MPI does not introduce any performance penalty.
The Future of Music: Firm Foundations or Thin Air? (1984)

The author expresses concern about the limited opportunities for music education available to Australian children, particularly at the primary level. He argues that music education must be the right of all young people regardless of their socioeconomic or geographical situations. People's needs for music experience will increase in the 21st century and the government must identify and address those needs, beginning at the pre-school level. He discusses some of the inadequacies of the country's music education system, particularly in New South Wales, and outlines the efforts of the Conservatorium of Music in training school teachers to offer their students a rich music experience.
graphTPP: A multivariate based method for interactive graph layout and analysis (2017)

Graph layout is the process of creating a visual representation of a graph through a node-link diagram. Node-attribute graphs have additional data stored on the nodes which describe certain properties of the nodes called attributes. Typical force-directed representations often produce hairball-like structures that neither aid in understanding the graph's topology nor the relationship to its attributes. The aim of this research was to investigate the use of node-attributes for graph layout in order to improve the analysis process and to give further insight into the graph over purely topological layouts. In this article we present graphTPP, a graph based extension to targeted projection pursuit (TPP) --- an interactive, linear, dimension reduction technique --- as a method for graph layout and subsequent further analysis. TPP allows users to control the projection and is optimised for clustering. Three case studies were conducted in the areas of influence graphs, network security, and citation networks. In each case graphTPP was shown to outperform standard force-directed techniques and even other dimension reduction methods in terms of clarity of clustered structure in the layout, the association between the structure and the attributes and the insights elicited in each domain area.
Web content mining with multi-source machine learning for intelligent web agents. (2011)

The web is recognized as the largest data source in the world. The nature of such data is characterized by partial or no structure, and even worse there exist no standard data schema for the even low-volumed structured data. Web Mining aims to extract useful knowledge from the Web by using a variety of techniques that have to cope with the heterogeneity and lack of a unique and fixed way of representing information.\nAn important aspect in Web Mining is played by the automation of extraction rules with proper algorithms. Machine Learning techniques have been successfully applied toWeb Mining and Information Extraction tasks thanks to the generalization and adaptation capabilities that are a key requirement on general content, heterogeneous web pages.\nThe World Wide Web is a graph, more precisely a directed labeled graph where the nodes are represented by the pages and the edges are represented by links between them. Recent works propose the exploitation of the web structure (Link Analysis) for content extraction, for example one can leverage the content category of neighbor pages to categorize the contents of difficult web pages where word-frequency-based techniques are not robust enough.\nIn this thesis we propose an automated method suitable for a wide range of domains based on Machine Learning and Link Analysis. In particular we propose an inductive model able to recognize content pages where structured information is located after being trained with proper input data. In order to keep the recognition speed high enough for real-world applications an additional algorithm is proposed which lets the approach to boost both in speed and quality. The proposed method has been tested with controlled dataset in a classic train-and-test scenario and in a real-world web crawling system.
辩证法与矛盾——评《活自然的辩证法》 (1984)

从马克思主义“经典作家纠正”黑格尔的概念辩证法一百多年来,马克思主义关于自然辩证法的讨论从未停止。这方面显然有不少难题和多种解释,一直未能得到令人满意的解决。R.瓦罗的新著《活自然的辩证法》就证明了这一点。该书的目的在于排除人们对自然辩证法的有效性的怀疑,证明“矛盾法则”作为世界一切发生的最高法则是完全有效的。本文拟对此书作一切实评判,以期促成从哲学上对这个问题进行有益的讨论。
Formulation, Development, and Application of an Insecticide Granule (1983)

The initial development of an insecticide granule began with the choosing of a granular carrier for a turf insecticide. The physical properties and application swath width had to be acceptable to both lawn service and golf course applicators. The properties considered important were the bulk density, dustiness, particle size, number of particles per pound or kilogram, absorptive capacity, and color. The materials evaluated as possible carriers were corncobs, vermicultie, attapulgite, montmorillonite, diatomite, and bentonite. Bentonite was chosen as the preferred carrier for the development of the granule. When the final formula was developed, an evaluation of various rotary and drop spreaders was initiated to measure the accuracy of the spreaders as well as the effective swath width. The number of particles per square inch and analyses were compared. Bentonite survived all the tests and was chosen as the carrier of choice.
A way of multi-channel A/D for UWB signal (2002)

A method for ultra wide band (UWB) signal A/D conversion and reconstruction of signal waveform is introduced. Its basic idea is to decompose a signal into several contiguous frequency bands so that a specific subconverter can be assigned to each band signal. The converted subband signal is then reconstructed by a quadrature mirror filter (QMF) bank. Simulation results prove the good performance of this arrangement.
Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis: A Synopsis of the European Breast Guidelines (2019)

This synopsis of the European Breast Guidelines provides recommendations regarding organized screening programs for women aged 40 to 75 years who are at average risk. The recommendations address digital mammography screening and the addition of hand-held ultrasonography, automated breast ultrasonography, or magnetic resonance imaging compared with mammography alone. The recommendations also discuss the frequency of screening and inform decision making for women at average risk who are recalled for suspicious lesions or who have high breast density.
Infrared pulses of 1 picosecond duration tunable between 4 mu m and 18 mu m (1993)

The generation of infrared pulses via difference frequency mixing of Nd:glass laser pulses and infrared dye laser pulses is discussed. Tuning between 4 and 18 mu m is achieved by various combinations of laser dyes (dye No. 5 and A 9860) and nonlinear crystals (AgGaS/sub 2/ and GaSe). The energy of the mid-infrared pulses is in the order of a microjoule; and the photon conversion efficiency is <or approximately=2%. The duration of the nearly bandwidth limited pulses is measured to be 1 ps. The system operates with a repetition rate of 1 Hz.<<ETX>>
Functional single-walled carbon nanotubes based on an integrin α<sub><i>v</i></sub>β<sub>3</sub>monoclonal antibody for highly efficient cancer cell targeting (2009)

The application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the field of biomedicine is becoming an entirely new and exciting topic. In this study, a novel functional SWNT based on an integrin alpha(v)beta(3) monoclonal antibody was developed and was used for cancer cell targeting in vitro. SWNTs were first modified by phospholipid-bearing polyethylene glycol (PL-PEG). The PL-PEG functionalized SWNTs were then conjugated with protein A. A SWNT-integrin alpha(v)beta(3) monoclonal antibody system (SWNT-PEG-mAb) was thus constructed by conjugating protein A with the fluorescein labeled integrin alpha(v)beta(3) monoclonal antibody. In vitro study revealed that SWNT-PEG-mAb presented a high targeting efficiency on integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-positive U87MG cells with low cellular toxicity, while for integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-negative MCF-7 cells, the system had a low targeting efficiency, indicating that the high targeting to U87MG cells was due to the specific integrin targeting of the monoclonal antibody. In conclusion, SWNT-PEG-mAb developed in this research is a potential candidate for cancer imaging and drug delivery in cancer targeting therapy.