gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of the tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) photosensitized reversible redox reaction of a macrocyclic cobalt(III) complex in gelatin hydrogel and hydrosol (1992)

The Ru(bpy)2+3 photosensitized reduction of a macrocyclic CoIII complex, Co(N4)(OH2)3+2(N4= 5, 7, 7, 12, 14, 14-hexamethyl-1, 4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4, 11-diene), has been investigated in the networks of gelatin hydrogel and hydrosol. In these systems, a net charge separation proceeds due to reduction of the CoIII complex by the excited state of Ru(bpy)2+3 and the scavenging of the oxidized species of Ru(bpy)2+3 by a gelatin molecule. The photochemically generated CoII complex species reacts slowly with the oxidized species of gelatin. Then a reversible photo-induced redox reaction of CoIII takes place repeatedly in these systems. The results indicate that the tyrosine residue in gelatin and the corresponding oxidized species in the oxidized form of gelatin act as a reducing agent for the oxidized form of the photosensitizer and an oxidizing agent for the reduced CoIII species, respectively.
Hyperspectral Image Classification with Attention Aided CNNs (2020)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used for hyperspectral image classification. As a common process, small cubes are firstly cropped from the hyperspectral image and then fed into CNNs to extract spectral and spatial features. It is well known that different spectral bands and spatial positions in the cubes have different discriminative abilities. If fully explored, this prior information will help improve the learning capacity of CNNs. Along this direction, we propose an attention aided CNN model for spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral images. Specifically, a spectral attention sub-network and a spatial attention sub-network are proposed for spectral and spatial classification, respectively. Both of them are based on the traditional CNN model, and incorporate attention modules to aid networks focus on more discriminative channels or positions. In the final classification phase, the spectral classification result and the spatial classification result are combined together via an adaptively weighted summation method. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, we conduct experiments on three standard hyperspectral datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed model can achieve superior performance compared to several state-of-the-art CNN-related models.
Review of Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla cells as<i>in vitro</i>screening model for hair growth (2018)

Hair disorders such as hair loss (alopecia) and androgen dependent, excessive hair growth (hirsutism, hypertrichosis) may impact the social and psychological well-being of an individual. Recent advances in understanding the biology of hair have accelerated the research and development of novel therapeutic and cosmetic hair growth agents. Preclinical models aid in dermocosmetic efficacy testing and claim substantiation of hair growth modulators. The in vitro models to investigate hair growth utilize the hair follicle Dermal Papilla cells (DPCs), specialized mesenchymal cells located at the base of hair follicle that play essential roles in hair follicular morphogenesis and postnatal hair growth cycles. In this review, we have compiled and discussed the extensively reported literature citing DPCs as in vitro model to study hair growth promoting and inhibitory effects. A variety of agents such as herbal and natural extracts, growth factors and cytokines, platelet-rich plasma, placental extract, stem cells and conditioned medium, peptides, hormones, lipid-nanocarrier, light, electrical and electromagnetic field stimulation, androgens and their analogs, stress-serum and chemotherapeutic agents etc. have been examined for their hair growth modulating effects in DPCs. Effects on DPCs' activity were determined from untreated (basal) or stress induced levels. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and secretion of growth factors were included as primary end-point markers. Effects on a wide range of biomolecules and mechanistic pathways that play key role in the biology of hair growth were also investigated. This consolidated and comprehensive review summarizes the up-to-date information and understanding regarding DPCs based screening models for hair growth and may be helpful for researchers to select the appropriate assay system and biomarkers. This review highlights the pivotal role of DPCs in the forefront of hair research as screening platforms by providing insights into mechanistic action at cellular level, which may further direct the development of novel hair growth modulators.
Aminoglycoside dosing: one, two or three times a day? (1996)

The safety and efficacy of conventional aminoglycoside dosing regimens have been proven in clinical trials. Higher doses at longer intervals may be more effective if they result in higher peak serum levels of the drug, but few trials of "once-a-day" dosing have shown improved clinical outcome. The clinical safety of allowing trough serum levels to fall below the minimum inhibitory concentration is not established. Literal "once-a-day" dosing will result in drug accumulation and toxicity in patients with reduced renal clearance, and in potential lack of efficacy and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms in those with increased renal clearance. However, modified "once-a-day" dosing, with the interval determined by the individual's renal clearance rate (hence avoiding subtherapeutic trough levels), will avoid these problems.
Flow Field in Swirl-Type Tabular Flame Burner (2005)

The flow field in swirl-type tubular flame burners was measured using a Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) system with an easily controlled kerosene droplet tracer generator. Through characterization of the flow field in two burners with different swirl numbers, it was found that the flow is an axisymmetric vortex flow. The tangential component of the velocity is zero at the tube center, and increases proportionally with radius at first, and then falls slowly in a radial direction. The gradient of the tangential component near the vortex center depends significantly on the swirl number and the flow rate. The vortex center oscillates around the tube center in a roughly circular area, and this precession is significantly sensitive to the swirl number. The radius of the precession area shrinks as the swirl number increases. The radial distributions of the axial velocity take a plateau-shape for the weak swirl burner (swirl number S=0.21), whereas they take an “M” shape for the strong swirl burner (S=0.78) with reverse flow in the vicinity of the burner axis. The occurrence of the axial reverse flow is dominated by the swirl number, and is affected by the flow rate as well. Finally, a comparison was made between the swirl numbers calculated with the measured velocity profiles in a cross section and those calculated from the input angular momentum.
The chemokines IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and I-309 are monomers at physiologically relevant concentrations. (1994)

The chemokines are a family of immune mediators involved in a wide range of inflammatory processes, most importantly as chemoattractants of monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts to sites of inflammation. Nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray crystallographic studies have shown that IL-8 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1 beta) form noncovalent dimers and that platelet factor-4 (PF-4) forms noncovalent dimers and tetramers, leading to the assumption that, as a family, the chemokines would form multimeric structures. In this study, we analyze the association states of the chemokines IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and I-309, by using a combination of size exclusion HPLC, sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation, and chemical cross-linking. We find that the association states of MCP-1 and IL-8 are characterized by an equilibrium between monomers and dimers: although dimers predominate at concentrations above 100 microM, these chemokines are almost exclusively monomeric at the nanomolar concentrations at which they display maximal chemotactic activity. I-309, by contrast, remains a monomer at all concentrations tested. I-309 contains two additional cysteine residues (C26 and C68) that are not found in any other members of the chemokine family. We used cyanogen bromide and trypsin digestion strategies to demonstrate that these two residues are linked in a unique intramolecular disulfide bond. Furthermore, by using site-directed mutagenesis, we show that the integrity of this bond is crucial for protein secretion.
Derivatives of Morphine. II.<sup>1</sup> Demethylation of 14-hydroxycodeinone. 14-Hydroxymorphinone and 8,14-Dihydroxydihydromorphinone<sup>*</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Morphine. II.1 Demethylation of 14-hydroxycodeinone. 14-Hydroxymorphinone and 8,14-Dihydroxydihydromorphinone*ULRICH WEISSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 11, 1505–1508Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01362a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01362a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Insight into CO<sub>2</sub> Dissociation in Plasma from Numerical Solution of a Vibrational Diffusion Equation (2017)

Dissociation of CO2 molecules in plasma is a subject of enormous importance for fundamental studies and in view of the recent interest in carbon capture and carbon-neutral fuels. Vibrational excitation of the CO2 molecule plays an important role in the process. The complexity of the present state-to-state (STS) models makes it difficult to find the key parameters. In this paper we propose, as an alternative, a numerical method based on the diffusion formalism developed in the past for analytical studies. The nonlinear Fokker–Planck equation is solved by the time-dependent diffusion Monte Carlo method. Transport quantities are calculated from STS rate coefficients. The asymmetric stretching mode of CO2 is used as a test case. We show that the method reproduces the STS results or a Treanor distribution depending on the choice of the boundary conditions. A positive drift, whose energy onset is determined by the vibrational to translational temperature ratio, brings molecules from mid-energy range to dissociation. Vibrational–translational energy transfers have negligible effect at the gas temperature considered in this study. The possibility of describing dissociation kinetics as a transport process provides insight toward the goal of achieving efficient CO2 conversion.
Improved quantification of the porosity–permeability relationship of limestones using petrographical texture (2017)

The relationship between porosity and permeability in limestones is a fundamental constitutive equation in subsurface fluid flow modelling, and is essential in quantifying a range of geological processes. For a given porosity, the permeability of limestones varies over a range of up to five orders of magnitude. Permeability of a given rock sample depends on the total amount of pore space, characterized by porosity, as well as how the pore space is distributed within the rock, which can be expressed as a probability density function of pore sizes. We investigate in this study whether the information about pore-size distribution can be sufficiently captured by the bulk petrographical properties extracted from thin sections. We demonstrate that most of the uncertainty can be explained by variations in texture, which is defined by the mud content (mass fraction of particles less than 0.06 mm in diameter). Using mud content as a quantitative texture descriptor, we used multivariable regression and neural network models to predict permeability from porosity. For a given porosity, inclusion of mud content reduces the uncertainty in permeability prediction from five to two orders of magnitude.
Type VI collagen induces cardiac myofibroblast differentiation: implications for postinfarction remodeling (2005)

Cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation and differentiation into hypersecretory myofibroblasts can lead to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) production and cardiac fibrosis. In turn, the ECM produced can potentially activate CFs via distinct feedback mechanisms. To assess how specific ECM components influence CF activation, isolated CFs were plated on specific collagen substrates (type I, III, and VI collagens) before functional assays were carried out. The type VI collagen substrate potently induced myofibroblast differentiation but had little effect on CF proliferation. Conversely, the type I and III collagen substrates did not affect differentiation but caused significant induction of proliferation (type I, 240.7 +/- 10.3%, and type III, 271.7 +/- 21.8% of basal). Type I collagen activated ERK1/2, whereas type III collagen did not. Treatment of CFs with angiotensin II, a potent mitogen of CFs, enhanced the growth observed on types I and III collagen but not on the type VI collagen substrate. Using an in vivo model of myocardial infarction (MI), we measured changes in type VI collagen expression and myofibroblast differentiation after post-MI remodeling. Concurrent elevations in type VI collagen and myofibroblast content were evident in the infarcted myocardium 20-wk post-MI. Overall, types I and III collagen stimulate CF proliferation, whereas type VI collagen plays a potentially novel role in cardiac remodeling through facilitation of myofibroblast differentiation.
Piezoelectric Potential Gated Field-Effect Transistor Based on a Free-Standing ZnO Wire (2009)

We report an external force triggered field-effect transistor based on a free-standing piezoelectric fine wire (PFW). The device consists of an Ag source electrode and an Au drain electrode at two ends of a ZnO PFW, which were separated by an insulating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin layer. The working principle of the sensor is proposed based on the piezoelectric potential gating effect. Once subjected to a mechanical impact, the bent ZnO PFW cantilever creates a piezoelectric potential distribution across it width at its root and simultaneously produces a local reverse depletion layer with much higher donor concentration than normal, which can dramatically change the current flowing from the source electrode to drain electrode when the device is under a fixed voltage bias. Due to the free-standing structure of the sensor device, it has a prompt response time less than 20 ms and quite high and stable sensitivity of 2%/microN. The effect from contact resistance has been ruled out.
Synthesis and chromophoric interactions of an ‘ortho-gable-porphyrin.’ a novel tetraphenylporphyrin dimer (1989)

H. Meier, Y. Kobuke and S. Kugimiya, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 923 DOI: 10.1039/C39890000923
A case for multi-channel memories in video recording (2009)

In video recording, ever increasing demands on image resolution, frame rate, and quality necessitate a lot of memory bandwidth and energy. This paper presents and evaluates such a potential memory load in future handheld multimedia devices. Based on the achieved simulation results, the multi-channel memories provide the capability for high bandwidth without excessive overhead in terms of energy consumption. A full HDTV (1080p) quality video recording with H.264/AVC encoding at 30 frames per second (fps) is found here to require 4.3 GB/s memory bandwidth. According to the simulations, this memory requirement can be fulfilled with four 32-bit memory channels operating at 400 MHz and consuming 345 mW of power. As another example, 400 MHz 8-channel memory configuration is able to provide the required bandwidth for video recording with up to 3840×2160@30 fps. Die stacking is the technology thought to be able to provide the required bandwidth, sufficiently low power consumption, and the multi-channel memory organization.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Silver by Dithiol (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Silver by DithiolJ. P. Dux and W. R. FeairhellerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 3, 445–447Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60171a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60171a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Nav1.9 channel regulates colonic motility in mice (2013)

The colonic migrating motor complex (CMMC) is a major pattern of motility that is entirely generated and organized by the enteric nervous system. We have previously demonstrated that the Nav1.9 channel underlies a tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current which modulates the excitability of enteric neurons. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of loss of the Nav1.9 channel in enteric neurons on mouse colonic motility in vitro. The mechanical activity of the circular muscle was simultaneously recorded from three sites, namely, proximal, mid- and distal, along the whole colon of male, age-matched wild-type and Nav1.9 null mice. Spontaneous CMMCs were observed in all preparations. The mean frequency of CMMCs was significantly higher in the Nav1.9 null mice (one every 2.87 ± 0.1 min compared to one every 3.96 ± 0.23 min in the wild type). The mean duration of CMMCs was shorter and the mean area-under-contraction was larger in the Nav1.9 null mice compared to the wild type. In addition, CMMCs propagated preferentially in an aboral direction in the Nav1.9 null mice. Our study demonstrates that CMMCs do occur in mice lacking the Nav1.9 channel, but their characteristics are significantly different from controls. Up to now, the Nav1.9 channel was mainly associated with nociceptive neurons and involved in their hyperexcitability after inflammation. Our result shows for the first time a role for the Nav1.9 channel in a complex colonic motor pattern.
Design of an Air Core Synchrotron (1947)

The analysis of the preceding paper is applied to the problem of designing a synchrotron in which the magnetic fields are produced by air core coils. The air core synchrotron is shown to be practical and to present certain advantages.
Waln, Robert, Jr. (1794–1825) (2015)

Waln, Robert, Jr. Born in Philadelphia on October 20, 1794, Robert Waln, Jr., benefited from his family's wealth and privileged Waln, Robert, Sr. Hermit in America on a Visit to Philadelphia, The Satire And Other Poems Hermit in America on a Visit to Philadelphia, The Satire, Sisyphi Opus, A Hermit
Molecular Modeling of Wild-Type and D816V c-Kit Inhibition Based on ATP-Competitive Binding of Ellipticine Derivatives to Tyrosine Kinases (2005)

The D816V activating mutation of the c-Kit kinase domain often causes human mastocytosis. Although inhibitors of wild-type c-Kit are known (e.g. STI-571), they are at least 10 times less active against the c-Kit mutant. Several derivatives of ellipticine (5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[3,4-b]carbazole), substituted at positions 1, 2, 9, and 11, were found to inhibit purified D816V and wild-type c-Kit kinase domains with comparable potencies by competing with ATP binding. We investigated the difference between these inhibitors by modeling the D816V mutation in crystal structures of inactive and active c-Kit. Molecular dynamics simulations strongly suggested that the D816V point mutation shifts the conformational equilibrium of c-Kit kinase domain toward the active conformation. All ellipticine compounds were subsequently docked to the D816V mutant c-Kit model. The model provides possible explanations for the structure-activity relationships observed among ellipticine compounds, resulting in new insights into D816V c-Kit mutant inhibition.
Detecting Silicone Mask-Based Presentation Attack via Deep Dictionary Learning (2017)

In movies, film stars portray another identity or obfuscate their identity with the help of silicone/latex masks. Such realistic masks are now easily available and are used for entertainment purposes. However, their usage in criminal activities to deceive law enforcement and automatic face recognition systems is also plausible. Therefore, it is important to guard biometrics systems against such realistic presentation attacks. This paper introduces the first-of-its-kind silicone mask attack database which contains 130 real and attacked videos to facilitate research in developing presentation attack detection algorithms for this challenging scenario. Along with silicone mask, there are several other presentation attack instruments that are explored in literature. The next contribution of this research is a novel multilevel deep dictionary learning-based presentation attack detection algorithm that can discern different kinds of attacks. An efficient greedy layer by layer training approach is formulated to learn the deep dictionaries followed by SVM to classify an input sample as genuine or attacked. Experimental are performed on the proposed SMAD database, some samples with real world silicone mask attacks, and four existing presentation attack databases, namely, replay-attack, CASIA-FASD, 3DMAD, and UVAD. The results show that the proposed algorithm yields better performance compared with state-ofthe-art algorithms, in both intra-database and cross-database experiments.