gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of the Mn(II) Complex of [15]aneN<sub>5</sub> (1988)

The complex Mn[15]aneN5CIPF6 has been prepared by the reaction of MnCI2 [15]aneN5.3HPF6, and NaOH in water ([15]aneN5 is 1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane). The complex is obtained as a white solid formulated as [Mn(C10H25N5)Cl](PF6).3/2H2O. It is a 2: 1 electrolyte in H2O and a 1:1 electrolyte in CH3CN, The complex contains high spin Mn(II), μeff = 5.83 B.M., and the EPR spectrum of the polycrystalline solid is indicative of rhombic symmetry at the metal site. The proton NMR relaxation enhancement of aqueous solvent by the complex is 2.3 mM−1S −1 at 24 MHz and 25°C and is indicative of one rapidly exchanging water molecule in the coordination sphere of the solvated complex. The stability constant for the formation of the complex in aqueous solution as measured by potentiometric titration (IogK = 10.7) is four orders of magnitude greater than the comparable linear polyamine. In all, the characterization data are consistent with Mn(lI) strongly bound to a distorted or folded ligand and able to accommodate only one additional ligand.
All-optical in-band OSNR monitoring at 160Gb/s using non-linear optical loop mirror (2007)

A sensitive optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitor was implemented at 160Gb/s using the non-linear power transfer function (PTF) of an asymmetrical non-linear optical loop mirror (NOLM). The device is highly sensitive in the region 5-15dB OSNR.
Improving the Use of Prior Country Dietary Surveys for Comparisons by Time and Place (1994)

Four questions can be asked on the use of international data sets for assessing diets to improve health: Is it worth while to compare dietary surveys done in different times and places? If the answer is yes, can we compare them with techniques that already exist? This requires that we must examine the general context of dietary studies. Next we ask, what problems are likely to arise? This leads to specifying minimum criteria for worthwhile comparisons. Finally, what are the next steps to overcome problems? Meta-analytic techniques are effective for analysing prior surveys. More sophisticated methods for designing and organizing new studies will permit better comparisons in the future.
Quantitative drop spectroscopy using the drop analyser: theoretical and experimental approach for microvolume applications of non-turbid solutions (2008)

The drop analyser, also termed the tensiograph, is an optical fibre-based instrument system for monitoring liquids. A comprehensive assessment of the drop analyser used as a UV–visible spectrophotometer has been undertaken employing both experimental and theoretical studies. A model of the tensiograph signal (tensiotrace) has been developed using a ray-tracing approach to accurately predict the form of the tensiotrace as an aid to drop spectroscopy. An analytical equation is derived for quantitative drop spectroscopy and the form of the equation has been experimentally tested. The equation applies to both the case of a growing drop and the situation in which the drop volume is held stationary. Measurements on both stationary and moving drops are of practical value. Modelling has been used to compute the average path length of the coupled light in the drop to give a result that compares favourably with values obtained from experimental measurements. An optimized method has been identified for quantitative drop spectroscopy measurements. Results from UV–visible studies on both pollutants in water and pharmaceuticals demonstrate the utility of this approach. Two key matters relating to the practicalities of drop spectroscopy are then discussed. Some experimental studies have been made to ascertain the practical limit in analyte concentration above which variations in transmitted light from the drop shape variations result. Here, tabulated information on a representative range of liquid types has been provided as a guide to optimized spectroscopic drop analysis. Secondly, the handling of micro-volume samples is discussed. The paper concludes with a brief evaluation of the usefulness of this drop spectroscopy approach, but specifically points to the importance of drop spectroscopy for nanoscience applications.
Doping of Si thin films by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (1993)

Two-dimensional doping sheets (‘‘δ doping’’) are integral parts of many novel semiconductor device concepts. Deep submicron design rules require junction depths significantly below 100 nm. This level of control is difficult to achieve with ion implantation. We discuss the application of thermal, coevaporative doping with Sb and elemental B during Si molecular beam epitaxy at growth temperatures below ≊300 °C to this problem. We show that it is possible to create structures with very high doping levels, yet with very sharp doping transitions. Delta-doping spikes with a full width at half maximum of &lt;2.7 nm and &lt;4.0 nm have been obtained by secondary-ion mass spectrometry for Sb and B, respectively, with corresponding up-slopes of 2.5 and 0.94 nm/decade. Homogeneously doped films show full activation up to NSb≊6×1020 cm−3 and NB≳1×1021 cm−3. Mobilities agree with bulk values at corresponding concentrations. Mesa-isolated pn junctions exhibit ideality factors of 1.05.
Effects of doping on transport and deep trapping in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (1983)

We report a quantitative comparison of the trapping rates of carriers at charged and neutral dangling bonds in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The data are obtained from time-of-flight photoconductivity studies of doped and undoped samples. The temperature dependence of the trapping rates, as well as the effect of boron doping on the hole drift mobility, is also reported.
Introduction (2011)

Explains generally concerns about potential integrity issues that may stem from the use of mobile money (m-money). These concerns have become particularly relevant as increasing amounts of funds are being transferred through m-money and as new m-money schemes develop around the world—including areas vulnerable to money laundering (ML) and terrorist financing (TF). Further complicating this concern is that national authorities may not be fully aware of how to regulate and supervise such technological innovations most effectively to minimize potential integrity risks without constraining the policy objectives of promoting greater financial access through these electronic channels. As more countries are attempting to draft m-money–related regulations, demand has increased for operational guidance on how best to develop an effective anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regulatory and supervisory framework for m-money.
A Broadband THz-TDS System Based on DSTMS Emitter and LTG InGaAs/InAlAs Photoconductive Antenna Detector (2016)

We demonstrate a 4-f terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system using an organic crystal DSTMS as the THz emitter and a low temperature grown (LTG) InGaAs/InAlAs photoconductive antenna as the receiver. The system covers a frequency range from 0.2 up to 8 THz. The influences of the pump laser power, the probe laser power and the azimuthal angle of the DSTMS crystal on the time-domain THz amplitude are experimentally analyzed. The frequency accuracy of the system is verified by measuring two metamaterial samples and a lactose film in this THz-TDS system. The proposed combination of DSTMS emission and PC antenna detection realizes a compact and low-cost THz-TDS scheme with an ultra-broad bandwidth, which may promote the development and the applications of THz-TDS techniques.
午夜的辛迪蕾拉——《糖蔻》背后的故事 (2005)

《糖蔻》人像摄影创作于2004年春，使用的是佳能(Canon)EOS 300D数码相机，模特叫Chede·糖，“那是一个可爱的女孩子，觉得一个字用在她的身上很合适，那就是：蔻。”把平凡普通的女孩子拍漂亮，是PP鹿的心愿。正如其所言的一样，“每个女孩子都是我的梦，在镜头下的梦里，她们就是另一个自己。”这次她以独有的女性视角和灵性心思，不但为我们带来了《糖蔻》，更带来了《糖蔻》背后清淡的糖果的甜香……
Value speculation scheduling for high performance processors (1998)

Recent research in value prediction shows a surprising amount of predictability for the values produced by register-writing instructions. Several hardware based value predictor designs have been proposed to exploit this predictability by eliminating flow dependencies for highly predictable values. This paper proposed a hardware and software based scheme for value speculation scheduling (VSS). Static VLIW scheduling techniques are used to speculate value dependent instructions by scheduling them above the instructions whose results they are dependent on. Prediction hardware is used to provide value predictions for allowing the execution of speculated instructions to continue. In the case of miss-predicted values, control flow is redirected to patch-up code so that execution can proceed with the correct results. In this paper, experiments in VSS for load operations in the SPECint95 benchmarks are performed. Speedup of up to 17% has been shown for using VSS. Empirical results on the value predictability of loads, based on value profiling data, are also provided.
Tensile and compressive test results for metal matrix composites (1977)

Experimental results of the mechanical behavior of two metal matrix composite systems at room temperature are presented. Ultimate stress, ultimate strain, Poisson's ratio, and initial Young's Modulus are documented for BORSIC/Aluminum in uniaxial tension and Boron/Aluminum in uniaxial tension and compression. Poisson's ratio is used for nonlinear stress-strain behavior. A comparison of compression results for B/Al as obtained from sandwich beam compression specimens and IITRI coupon compression specimens is presented.
Going out on a limb: Joint Extraction of Entity Mentions and Relations without Dependency Trees (2017)

We present a novel attention-based recurrent neural network for joint extraction of entity mentions and relations. We show that attention along with long short term memory (LSTM) network can extract semantic relations between entity mentions without having access to dependency trees. Experiments on Automatic Content Extraction (ACE) corpora show that our model significantly outperforms feature-based joint model by Li and Ji (2014). We also compare our model with an end-to-end tree-based LSTM model (SPTree) by Miwa and Bansal (2016) and show that our model performs within 1% on entity mentions and 2% on relations. Our fine-grained analysis also shows that our model performs significantly better on Agent-Artifact relations, while SPTree performs better on Physical and Part-Whole relations.
Anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological effects of Hedychium spicatum (Buch-Hem) (1984)

1. Investigation of the biological activity of rhizomes indicate that they possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.

2. The anti-inflammatory activity was localised mainly in the hexane fraction from which one of the pure active constituents, hedychenone has been isolated. The analgesic activity was more prominent in the benzene fraction.

3. Some other minor active constituents are also present which may contribute to the total activity of the rhizomes.
Decreased core muscle size is associated with worse patient survival following esophagectomy for cancer (2013)

Preoperative risk assessment, particularly for patient frailty, remains largely subjective. This study evaluated the relationship between core muscle size and patient outcomes following esophagectomy for malignancy. Using preoperative computed tomography scans in 230 subjects who had undergone transhiatal esophagectomy for cancer between 2001 and 2010, lean psoas area (LPA), measured at the fourth lumbar vertebra, was determined. Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to analyze overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) adjusted for age, gender, and stage, and the Akaike information criterion was used to determine each covariate contribution to OS and DFS. Univariate analysis demonstrated that increasing LPA correlated with both OS (P = 0.017) and DFS (P = 0.038). In multivariate analysis controlling for patient and tumor characteristics, LPA correlated with OS and DFS in patients who had not received neoadjuvant treatment (n = 64), with higher LPA associated with improved OS and DFS. Moreover, LPA was of equivalent, or slightly higher importance than pathologic stage. These measures were not predictive among patients (n = 166) receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Core muscle size appears to be an independent predictor of both OS and DFS, as significant as tumor stage, in patients following transhiatal esophagectomy. Changes in muscle mass related to preoperative treatment may confound this effect. Assessment of core muscle size may provide an additional objective measure for risk stratification prior to undergoing esophagectomy.
Regulation of the Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells in Stably Transfected Jurkat Cell Clones (1996)

Two Jurkat cell clones have been stably transfected with a reporter vector for the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Upon stimulation, they express high levels of secreted heat stable placental alkaline phosphatase. With these clones, we demonstrated that NFAT activation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin was inhibited by both cyclosporin A (CsA) (IC50 = 8 nM) and FK506 (IC50 = 160 pM), presumably by inhibition of calcineurin activity. Selective phosphatase inhibitors for protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) that do not inhibit calcineurin, such as okadaic acid and calyculin A, also inhibited NFAT activation with IC50s of 87 nM and 4 nM, respectively, suggesting that okadaic acid and related inhibitors may block NFAT activation through the inhibition of PP1, instead of PP2A. NFAT activation was also inhibited by agents that increase cAMP concentrations such as dibutyryl cAMP, forskolin and prostaglandin E2. These stable Jurkat cell clones provide a convenient and sensitive tool to study NFAT regulation.
Modified Calcium Pyrophosphate Phosphors (1955)

The preparation and optical properties of and phosphors are described. The partial substitution of sodium for calcium has been found to increase markedly the efficiency of the luminescent emission. The enhancement of luminescence as a result of this modification is attributed to compensation of valence : Sb+3 and Na+1 compensating for two Ca+2 in the lattice. The doubly activated phosphor provides an example of "sensitized luminescence." fluoresces in the deep blue. The observed fluorescence of may vary between blue‐white and pink‐white depending upon the manganese concentration.
Autoantibodies to Insulin Receptors in Man: Immunological Determinants and Mechanism of Action (1982)

The insulin receptor is a membrane glycoprotein of high Mr which binds insulin with high affinity and specificity and transmits some intracellular signal(s) that initiate(s) insulin action. Antibodies to the receptor have been identified in patients with a syndrome characterized by severe resistance to endogenous and exogenous insulin, varying degrees of glucose intolerance, and the skin lesion acanthosis nigricans. The syndrome is most common in non-Caucasian, middle-aged women, but occurs in patients of all races, both sexes, and spanning the ages of 12-62. Most patients have evidence of other autoimmune disease with increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and gamma globulins, anti-DNA and anti-nuclear antibodies, leucopenia, and other signs and symptoms of autoimmune disease. Antibodies to the insulin receptor are detected by their ability to inhibit 125I-insulin binding or to immunoprecipitate solubilized insulin receptors. In vitro these antibodies acutely mimic most of insulin's metabolic effects. This insulin-like activity depends on antibody bivalence; monovalent Fab fragments block insulin binding and action but lack intrinsic activity. With prolonged exposure of cells to anti-receptor antibody the insulin-like effect is lost and a state of insulin resistance ensues. This is due to both a blockage of insulin binding and a form of post-receptor desensitization. The possible causation of anti-receptor antibodies in this condition is discussed.
Feasibility Study on the Reduction of Hydrostatic Pressure in a Deep-Water Riser Using a Gas-Lift Method. (1997)

Recent successful exploration efforts in deep waters have heightened interest in developing oil and gas reservoirs on the continental slope. Leases have been obtained in water depths up to 10,000 ft with a requirement that they be drilled within the next decade. Use of current techniques to drill these leases will require extremely large floating drilling units and large diameter marine riser systems. This study presents the results of a feasibility study on the use of an automated gas-lift system for a marine riser that will maintain the hydrostatic pressure in the subsea well-head equal to that of the sea water at the sea floor. Hydrostatic control of abnormal formation pressure could still be maintained by a weighted mud system that is not gas-cut below the sea floor. Such a dual density mud system could reduce drilling costs by reducing the number of casing strings required to drill the well and so reducing the time required to drill a deep-water well. The system would have the advantages of riserless drilling without giving up the well control advantages of a closed, weighted mud system. A steady-state numerical model was developed that can be used to determine the gas injection requirements needed to achieve a desired dual density configuration. The numerical model was verified through tests conducted in a 6,000 foot research well. Once verified, the model was used to define the gas requirements and practical limits of a marine gas-lift system based on estimated additional costs of gas compression and nitrogen membrane filters. The practical limits are presented in terms of maximum mud density, water depth, and riser diameter combinations. The dissertation also discusses the operational changes that would be required for various drilling procedures such as making a connection, running casing, kick detection, and well control operations.
CHAPTER I (2011)

At day-break of October the 4th, we had a good view of the Island of Saugor, a perfectly flat and swampy shore, with scattered tall trees, dark-like firs, and jungle about the height of young coppice wood, of a very fresh and vivid green. With a large glass I could distinguish something like deer grazing or lying down amid the swampy grass, and also some ruinous cottages and barn-like buildings.
How distinct are the insulin and insulin-like growth factor I signalling systems? (1992)

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are closely related peptides. Insulin is primarily involved in regulating carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. IGF-I, however, regulates growth and development of the whole organism as well as differentiated functions in specific tissues. Each of these functions are mediated by specific tyrosine kinase receptors expressed on the cell surface. The insulin and IGF-I receptors, though separate gene products, are very similar. Amino acid similarities range between 40 and 85% in different domains, the highest degree of homology being found in the tyrosine kinase domain. Tertiary structure similarities further explain the interactions of each ligand with the heterologous receptor; thus insulin receptors bind insulin with high affinity and IGF-I with lower affinity, and the opposite is true for the IGF-I receptor. Since each ligand can stimulate both receptors and both receptors seem capable of mediating both metabolic and growth activities, what separates these two distinct physiological roles? The interaction of the ligands with their own specific high affinity receptors is facilitated by the presence of IGF-specific binding proteins (BPs) which, however, do not bind insulin. These BPs, found both in the circulation and in tissues, bind all the circulating IGFs and transport the IGFs to their target tissues, thus ensuring that at physiological concentrations IGF-I will only interact with its own receptor. Furthermore, they modulate IGF effects. Since insulin circulates at much lower concentrations compared with the IGFs, this ensures that insulin will only interact with high-affinity insulin receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gaucher disease types 1, 2, and 3: differential mutations of the acid beta-glucosidase active site identified with conduritol B epoxide derivatives and sphingosine. (1985)

To elucidate the genetic heterogeneity in Gaucher disease, the residual beta-glucosidase in cultured fibroblasts from affected patients with each of the major phenotypes was investigated in vitro and/or in viable cells by inhibitor studies using the covalent catalytic site inhibitors, conduritol B epoxide or its bromo derivative, and the reversible cationic inhibitor, sphingosine. These studies delineated three distinct groups (designated A, B, and C) of residual activities with characteristic responses to these inhibitors. Group A residual enzymes had normal I50 values (i.e., the concentration of inhibitor that results in 50% inhibition) for the inhibitors and normal or nearly normal t1/2 values for conduritol B epoxide. All neuronopathic (types 2 and 3) and most non-Jewish nonneuronopathic (type 1) patients had group A residual activities and, thus, could not be distinguished by these inhibitor studies. Group B residual enzymes had about four- to fivefold increased I50 values for the inhibitors and similarly increased t1/2 values for conduritol B epoxide. All Ashkenazi Jewish type 1 and only two non-Jewish type 1 patients had group B residual activities. The differences in I50 values between groups A and B also were confirmed by determining the uninhibited enzyme activity after culturing the cells in the presence of bromo-conduritol B epoxide. Group C residual activity had intermediate I50 values for the inhibitors and represented a single Afrikaner type 1 patient: this patient was a genetic compound for the group A (type 2) and group B (type 1) mutations. These inhibition studies indicated that: Gaucher disease type 1 is biochemically heterogeneous, neuronopathic and non-Jewish nonneuronopathic phenotypes cannot be reliably distinguished by these inhibitor studies, and the Ashkenazi Jewish form of Gaucher disease type 1 results from a unique mutation in a specific active site domain of acid beta-glucosidase that leads to a defective enzyme with a decreased Vmax.
Self-Modulation and Self-Focusing of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasmas (1974)

The nonlinear frequency shift of a strong electromagnetic wave in a plasma, due to weak relativistic effects and the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{v}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{B}}$ force, can cause modulation and self-focusing instabilities. These processes are explored, and their relation to self-focusing driven by the ponderomotive force is described.
Effect of Sodium-Site Doping on Enhancing the Lithium Storage Performance of Sodium Lithium Titanate (2016)

Via Li(+), Cu(2+), Y(3+), Ce(4+), and Nb(5+) dopings, a series of Na-site-substituted Na1.9M0.1Li2Ti6O14 are prepared and evaluated as lithium storage host materials. Structural and electrochemical analyses suggest that Na-site substitution by high-valent metal ions can effectively enhance the ionic and electronic conductivities of Na2Li2Ti6O14. As a result, Cu(2+)-, Y(3+)-, Ce(4+)-, and Nb(5+)-doped samples reveal better electrochemical performance than bare Na2Li2Ti6O14, especially for Na1.9Nb0.1Li2Ti6O14, which can deliver the highest reversible charge capacity of 259.4 mAh g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1) among all samples. Even when cycled at higher rates, Na1.9Nb0.1Li2Ti6O14 still can maintain excellent lithium storage capability with the reversible charge capacities of 242.9 mAh g(-1) at 700 mA g(-1), 216.4 mAh g(-1) at 900 mA g(-1), and 190.5 mAh g(-1) at 1100 mA g(-1). In addition, ex situ and in situ observations demonstrate that the zero-strain characteristic should also be responsible for the outstanding lithium storage capability of Na1.9Nb0.1Li2Ti6O14. All of this evidence indicates that Na1.9Nb0.1Li2Ti6O14 is a high-performance anode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries.