gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospects for Neuroprosthetics: Flexible Microelectrode Arrays with Polymer Conductors (2011)

Pine 32 R,S Two rows of sixteen 10 m 2 electrodeposited Pt electrodes on Au tracks on glass, insulated by SiO 2 (Pine, 1980) 'Passive' MEAs (continued)
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Phenylethynyl-Containing Imide Oligomers Based on Isomeric Biphenyltetracarboxylic Dianhydrides (2009)

In order to further improve both processability of imide oligomers containing pendent or/and terminal phenylethynyl groups and their cured T g values without sacrificing mechanical properties, isomeric dianhydrides, 2,2',3,3'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (3,3'-BPDA) or 2,3',3,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (3,4'-BPDA), were introduced into main chain. The rigid and bent structure of the isomeric BPDAs can provide a good combination of melt flow while maintaining a high T g . Phenylethynyl containing oligoimides were prepared from the reaction of isomeric dianhydrides (3,3'-BPDA, 3,4'-BPDA and 4,4'-BPDA), 4,4'-oxydianiline (4,4'-ODA), 3,5-diamino-4'-phenylethynyl benzophenone (DPEB) and 4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride (4-PEPA) or phthalic anhydride (PA) at an approximate number average molecular weight of 2500 and 5000 g mol -1 . The imide oligomers from 3,3'-BPDA and 3,4'-BPDA exhibited good processability. The 3,3'-BPDA-based imide oligomers exhibited slightly lower melt viscosity and the cured resins exhibited similar T g values compared with those from 3,4'-BPDA. OI-7 and OI-8 each with a molecular weight of 2500 g mol -1 had lower melt viscosities of 25 Pa s (342 °C) and 178 Pa s (344 °C) and higher cured T g at 367 °C and 365 °C. The cured films from OI-7, OI-8 showed good tensile properties and the elongations at break were around 10%. The neat resins from OI-7 and OI-8 had higher compressive strengths of 200 and 190 MPa. G827/OI-7 and G827/OI-8 exhibited comparable mechanical properities: flexural strengths of 1714 and 1826 MPa, flexural modulus of 130 and 124 GPa, and interlayer shear strengths of 95 and 101 MPa, respectively.
Cerebroside Antibody Inhibits Sulfatide Synthesis and Myelination and Demyelinates in Cord Tissue Cultures (1974)

Antiserum to cerebroside was prepared in rabbits by injection of cerebroside together with bovine serum albumin in complete Freund's adjuvant. When applied to cultures of embryo mouse spinal cord at explantation, this antiserum inhibited sulfatide synthesis and myelination; when applied to myelinated cultures it inhibited sulfatide synthesis and produced demyelination. Complement fixation assays also show antibody to cerebroside in serums from rabbits with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by injection of whole white matter. Absorption of such serum with cerebroside abolishes the inhibiting and demyelinating activities.
The ability of sperm selection techniques to remove single- or double-strand DNA damage (2011)

A wide variety of techniques for the preparation of sperm are currently available, of which the most commonly employed are density-gradient centrifugation (DGC) and swim-up (SUP). To date, these methods appear to be effective in selecting functional sperm for assisted reproduction techniques (ART), but they may have negative effects on sperm DNA. In this study, the ability of these semen processing techniques to eliminate spermatozoa containing single- and double-strand DNA damage was assessed by the two-tailed comet assay and the sperm chromatin dispersion test in 157 semen samples from patients seeking assisted reproduction treatment. Our results indicated that SUP and DGC are equally efficient in eliminating spermatozoa containing double-strand DNA damage and sperm with highly damaged (degraded) DNA, as characterized by the presence of both single- and double-strand DNA breaks. However, DGC is more efficient than SUP in selecting spermatozoa that are free from single-strand DNA damage. Future studies should characterise the importance of the various types of DNA damage and examine the sperm processing protocols used in each laboratory to determine their ability to eliminate DNA damage and hence, prevent the potential transmission of genetic mutations via ART.
Primate model of sprue-like syndrome. (1979)

An experimental model resembling so-called tropical sprue has been produced in young, growing rhesus monkeys kept on a protein-deficient diet. At a 2% level of protein intake, the animals became frankly diseased after two months, but at a 5% protein intake the symptoms appeared after five months. The animals lost weight, their skin became brittle, the fur lost luster, and facial edema appeared. The hematocrit, and serum folate, protein and albumin were significantly decreased, and intestinal absorption of fat, D-xylose, radioactive vitamin B12 and folic acid showed marked depression. The jejunal mucosa showed moderate villous atrophy. Histochemical and electron microscopy changes were consistent with those seen in the human tropical sprue syndrome. It appears, therefore, that protein malnutrition plays an important role in the experimental tropical-sprue-like syndrome in monkeys.
Translucent Sums: A Foundation for Higher-Order Module Systems (1997)

Abstract The ease of understanding, maintaining, and developing a large program depends crucially on how it is divided up into modules. The possible ways a program can be divided are constrained by the available modular programming facilities (&amp;quot;module system&amp;quot;) of the programming language being used. Experience with the Standard-ML module system has shown the usefulness of functions mapping modules to modules and modules with module subcomponents. For example, functions over modules permit abstract data types (ADTs) to be parameterized by other ADTs, and submodules permit modules to be organized hierarchically. Module systems with such facilities are called higher-order, by analogy with higher-order functions. Previous higher-order module systems can be classified as either opaque or transparent. Opaque systems totally obscure information about the identity of type components of modules, often resulting in overly abstract types. This loss of type identities precludes most interesting uses of higher-order features. Transparent systems, on the other hand, completely reveal type identities by inspecting module implementations, which subverts data abstraction and prevents separate compilation.
Features of protein–protein interactions that translate into potent inhibitors: topology, surface area and affinity (2012)

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) control the assembly of multi-protein complexes and, thus, these contacts have enormous potential as drug targets. However, the field has produced a mix of both exciting success stories and frustrating challenges. Here, we review known examples and explore how the physical features of a PPI, such as its affinity, hotspots, off-rates, buried surface area and topology, might influence the chances of success in finding inhibitors. This analysis suggests that concise, tight binding PPIs are most amenable to inhibition. However, it is also clear that emerging technical methods are expanding the repertoire of 'druggable' protein contacts and increasing the odds against difficult targets. In particular, natural product-like compound libraries, high throughput screens specifically designed for PPIs and approaches that favour discovery of allosteric inhibitors appear to be attractive routes. The first group of PPI inhibitors has entered clinical trials, further motivating the need to understand the challenges and opportunities in pursuing these types of targets.
A Common Molecular Basis for Exogenous and Endogenous Cannabinoid Potentiation of Glycine Receptors (2012)

Both exogenous and endogenous cannabinoids can allosterically modulate glycine receptors (GlyRs). However, little is known about the molecular basis of cannabinoid-GlyR interactions. Here we report that sustained incubation with the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) substantially increased the amplitude of glycine-activated current in both rat cultured spinal neurons and in HEK-293 cells expressing human α1, rat α2 and α3 GlyRs. While the α1 and α3 subunits were highly sensitive to AEA-induced potentiation, the α2 subunit was relatively insensitive to AEA. Switching a serine at 296 and 307 in the TM3 (transmembrane domain 3) of the α1 and α3 subunits with an alanine (A) at the equivalent position in the α2 subunit converted the α1/α3 AEA-sensitive receptors to sensitivity resembling that of α2. The S296 residue is also critical for exogenous cannabinoid-induced potentiation of I(Gly). The magnitude of AEA potentiation decreased with removal of either the hydroxyl or oxygen groups on AEA. While desoxy-AEA was significantly less efficacious in potentiating I(Gly), desoxy-AEA inhibited potentiation produced by both Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a major psychoactive component of marijuana, and AEA. Similarly, didesoxy-THC, a modified THC with removal of both hydroxyl/oxygen groups, did not affect I(Gly) when applied alone but inhibited the potentiation of I(Gly) induced by AEA and THC. These findings suggest that exogenous and endogenous cannabinoids potentiate GlyRs via a hydrogen bonding-like interaction. Such a specific interaction likely stems from a common molecular basis involving the S296 residue in the TM3 of the α1 and α3 subunits.
Pencil probe system for electrochemical analysis and modification in nanometer dimensions (2003)

A pencil-shaped electrochemical transducer system for analysis or surface modification in nanometer dimension has been developed. High aspect ratio tip structures are shaped combining isotropic and anisotropic deep reactive etch processes to form the body of the transducer. In this way, tips with an aspect ratio higher than 20 and a tip radius of smaller than 50 nm can be achieved. Subsequently, a three-layer system (an isolation layer: silicon nitride, a metal layer: platinum or gold and an isolation layer: silicon nitride) was deposited on the tip structure. Planarization of this structure in combination with a back etch process enables a precise exposure of the buried metal layer down to an electrode dimension of 200 nm on the tip. Electrochemical and impedance spectroscopic characterization showed full electrochemical functionality of the transducer system. Due to the high aspect ratio topography, this probe is particularly suited for Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (SECM) - methodologies. Furthermore this technology promises a feasible production possibility for both probe-arrays and probes on cantilevers.
Narrow Pitch Tracking Using Optical Head for Recording with Atomic Force Microscopy (1998)

In this paper we describe a narrow pitch tracking method for data storage using an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe head. A track position of the AFM head on a recording disk was controlled by an optical tracking method. Narrowing of the track pitch was achieved by locating eight recording tracks in one groove of the disk. These track positions were controlled by eight phase tracking-error signals which were created from one groove of the disk. In writing, we used the force modulation recording method which forms written pits by applying force pulses between the AFM tip and the polycarbonate recording disk. Using the recording system, we achieved 200 nm pitch tracking control and readout from written pits as small as 40 nm in diameter. A scanning electron micrograph of the written pits showed that the tracking accuracy was about 20 nm.
All-Optical Probe of Coherent Spin Waves (2002)

A novel, all-optical method to excite and detect spin waves in magnetic materials is presented. By exploiting the temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropy, an ultrashort laser pulse is efficiently converted in a picosecond "anisotropy field" pulse that triggers a coherent precession of the magnetization. Recording the temporal evolution of the precessing spins by a time-delayed probe-pulse provides a quantitative method to study locally the magnetic anisotropy, as well as switching and damping phenomena in micromagnetic structures. Applications to nickel and permalloy ( Ni80Fe20) films are discussed, particularly showing the possibility to explore standing spin waves in thin films.
Isomerism and Polymorphism of Cinnamic Acids and Deuterated Allocinnamic Acids (1959)

Journal Article Isomerism and Polymorphism of Cinnamic Acids and Deuterated Allocinnamic Acids Get access Minoru Hirota, Minoru Hirota Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science The University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshiyuki Urushibara Yoshiyuki Urushibara Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science The University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, Volume 32, Issue 7, July 1959, Pages 703–706, https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.32.703 Published: 12 April 2006 Article history Received: 17 January 1959 Published: 12 April 2006
Analysis of Wire Drawing and Extrusion Through Conical Dies of Large Cone Angle (1964)

This work is a direct extension of reference [3]. There the problem was treated with the assumption that the cone angle was small. Here this limitation exists no more. The operations of wire drawing and extrusion through conical dies are treated on the assumption that “Mises” material is formed. An upper-bound solution is obtained for the drawing stress in wire drawing and for the pushing stress in extrusion. The effect of each of the process variables on these forces is presented graphically. The process variables are: the cone half-angle (α), initial (Ri) and final (Rf) wire radius, material yield limit (σ0) under uniaxial load, back pull (σxb) and front pull (σxf), coefficient of friction (μ) or shear factor (m), die land (L), exit velocity (vf), and entrance velocity (vi). On the assumption that the maximum front tension cannot exceed the yield limit of the material under uniaxial tension, a solution is obtained for maximum possible reduction in wire drawing. An analogous assumption, i.e., that the absolute value of the pushing stress also cannot exceed the yield value, gives a criterion for maximum possible reduction in extrusion.
aBEAT: A Toolbox for Consistent Analysis of Longitudinal Adult Brain MRI (2013)

Longitudinal brain image analysis is critical for revealing subtle but complex structural and functional changes of brain during aging or in neurodevelopmental disease. However, even with the rapid increase of clinical research and trials, a software toolbox dedicated for longitudinal image analysis is still lacking publicly. To cater for this increasing need, we have developed a dedicated 4D Adult Brain Extraction and Analysis Toolbox (aBEAT) to provide robust and accurate analysis of the longitudinal adult brain MR images. Specially, a group of image processing tools were integrated into aBEAT, including 4D brain extraction, 4D tissue segmentation, and 4D brain labeling. First, a 4D deformable-surface-based brain extraction algorithm, which can deform serial brain surfaces simultaneously under temporal smoothness constraint, was developed for consistent brain extraction. Second, a level-sets-based 4D tissue segmentation algorithm that incorporates local intensity distribution, spatial cortical-thickness constraint, and temporal cortical-thickness consistency was also included in aBEAT for consistent brain tissue segmentation. Third, a longitudinal groupwise image registration framework was further integrated into aBEAT for consistent ROI labeling by simultaneously warping a pre-labeled brain atlas to the longitudinal brain images. The performance of aBEAT has been extensively evaluated on a large number of longitudinal MR T1 images which include normal and dementia subjects, achieving very promising results. A Linux-based standalone package of aBEAT is now freely available at http://www.nitrc.org/projects/abeat.
Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Cloning of the cDNA Encoding a Novel Phytase from Aspergillus niger 113 and High Expression in Pichia pastoris (2004)

Phytases catalyze the release of phosphate from phytic acid. Phytase-producing microorganisms were selected by culturing the soil extracts on agar plates containing phytic acid. Two hundred colonies that exhibited potential phytase activity were selected for further study. The colony showing the highest phytase activity was identified as Aspergillus niger and designated strain 113. The phytase gene from A. niger 113 (phyI1) was isolated, cloned, and characterized. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence identity between phyI1 and phyA from NRRL3135 were 90% and 98%, respectively. The identity between phyI1 and phyA from SK-57 was 89% and 96%. A synthetic phytase gene, phyI1s, was synthesized by successive PCR and transformed into the yeast expression vector carrying a signal peptide that was designed and synthesized using P. pastoris biased codon. For the phytase expression and secretion, the construct was integrated into the genome of P. pastoris by homologous recombination. Over-expressing strains were selected and fermented. It was discovered that ~4.2 g phytase could be purified from one liter of culture fluid. The activity of the resulting phytase was 9.5 U/mg. Due to the heavy glycosylation, the expressed phytase varied in size (120, 95, 85, and 64 kDa), but could be deglycosylated to a homogeneous 64 kDa species. An enzymatic kinetics analysis showed that the phytase had two pH optima (pH 2.0 and pH 5.0) and an optimum temperature of 60 degrees C.
Collaborative Software Development Platforms for Crowdsourcing (2014)

Outsourcing to the crowd, or crowdsourcing, has launched extremely successful businesses, such as Linux. But platforms for efficient collaboration and crowdsourcing support are still emerging. This article provides an overview of current technologies for crowdsourcing.
Low-frequency noise in MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (2006)

Noise measurements have been performed in MgO-based tunnel junctions with normalized resistance in the range of 105–107Ωμm2 and various magnetoresistance ratios were investigated. Noise measurements in the frequency range of 1–1000Hz shows magnetically dependent pure 1∕f power spectra at low frequency. The 1∕f noise scales with bias voltage, indicating that the 1∕f noise can be attributed to magnetic tunnel junction resistance fluctuations. Bias voltage dependence of random telegraph noise (RTN) was observed, indicating electronic origin due to the charge-trapping mechanism. In the presence of the easy-axis bias field, our data exhibit a magnetic-field dependence of RTN that originates from magnetization fluctuations. A phenomenological noise parameter, defined for the comparison of noise levels in different junctions, was shown to be independent of the junction resistance-area product in the range investigated. This observation suggests that the decrease in tunnel resistance does not play an important role in reducing 1∕f noise.
Efficiency of Nonstandard and High Contact Ratio Involute Spur Gears (1986)

A power loss prediction method previously developed by the authors was extended to include involute spur gears of nonstandard proportions. The method can now be used to analyze the effects of modified addendum, tooth thickness, and gear center distance in addition to the parameters previously considered which included gear diameter, pitch, pressure angle, face width, oil viscosity, speed, and torque. Particular emphasis is placed on high contact ratio gearing (contact ratios greater than two). Despite their higher sliding velocities, high contact ratio gears can be designed to levels of efficiency approaching those of conventional gears while retaining their advantages through proper selection of gear geometry.
Mobility-Aware Proactive Edge Caching for Connected Vehicles Using Federated Learning (2020)

Content Caching at the edge of vehicular networks has been considered as a promising technology to satisfy the increasing demands of computation-intensive and latency-sensitive vehicular applications for intelligent transportation. The existing content caching schemes, when used in vehicular networks, face two distinct challenges: 1) Vehicles connected to an edge server keep moving, making the content popularity varying and hard to predict. 2) Cached content is easily out-of-date since each connected vehicle stays in the area of an edge server for a short duration. To address these challenges, we propose a Mobility-aware Proactive edge Caching scheme based on Federated learning (MPCF). This new scheme enables multiple vehicles to collaboratively learn a global model for predicting content popularity with the private training data distributed on local vehicles. MPCF also employs a Context-aware Adversarial AutoEncoder to predict the highly dynamic content popularity. Besides, MPCF integrates a mobility-aware cache replacement policy, which allows the network edges to add/evict contents in response to the mobility patterns and preferences of vehicles. MPCF can greatly improve cache performance, effectively protect users' privacy and significantly reduce communication costs. Experimental results demonstrate that MPCF outperforms other baseline caching schemes in terms of the cache hit ratio in vehicular edge networks.
ChemInform Abstract: New Materials from Single Layer MoS2 (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Child anthropometry data quality from Demographic and Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, and National Nutrition Surveys in the West Central Africa region: are we comparing apples and oranges? (2017)

Although our metric of data quality suggests that data from the NNS appear more consistent and robust, it is equally important to consider its disadvantages related to access and lack of broader socioeconomic information. In comparison, the DHS and MICS are publicly-accessable for research and provide socioeconomic context essential for assessing and addressing the burden of undernutrition within and between countries. The strengths and weaknesses of data from these three sources should be carefully considered when seeking to determine the burden of child undernutrition and its variation within countries.
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I MODULATES ENDOTHELIAL CELL CHEMOTAXIS (1987)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) significantly promoted chemotaxis in three separate endothelial cell lines at concentrations ranging from 4 to 150 ng/ml. When added to minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 1% fetal calf serum, IGF-I augmented chemotaxis to a level equalling the maximal chemotactic effect obtainable with MEM supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS 10%). The data are compatible with a potential role for IGF-I in neovascularization.