The Merck manual of health & aging (2012)

Section 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF AGING Age-Old Questions When Does a Person Become Old? Why Does the Body Change? Why Does Function Decline? How the Body Ages Eyes Ears Mouth and Nose Skin Bones and Joints Muscles and Body Fat Brain and Nervous System Heart and Blood Vessels Muscles of Breathing and the Lungs Digestive System Kidneys and Urinary Tract Reproductive Organs Endocrine System Immune System The Aging of America Finances Living Arrangements Disability and Disease Causes of Death Worldwide Aging Section 2 CARING FOR SELF AND OTHERS Preventive Medical Care Goals of Prevention Tools of Prevention Healthy Lifestyle Vaccines Screening Maintaining Good Nutrition How Aging Affects Nutritional Needs How Disorders and Drugs Change Nutritional Needs Screening for Adequate Nutrition Reading Food Labels Drugs and Aging Benefits and Risks Reasons for Increased Risk Maximizing Benefits, Reducing Risks Remembering to Take Drugs Nonprescription Drugs Complementary or Alternative Medicine Dietary Supplements Chiropractic Acupuncture Magnet Therapy Homeopathy Communicating With Health Care Practitioners Selecting a Primary Care Doctor Communicating With a New Primary Care Doctor Communicating During Subsequent Visits Continuity of Care What Can Interfere With Continuity? Who Provides Care? Where Is Care Provided? How to Improve Continuity Understanding Medical Tests Types of Medical Tests Uses of Medical Tests Making Decisions About Tests Challenges Faced by Older People Questions to Ask the Doctor Specific Tests Hospital Care Going to the Emergency Department Being Admitted to the Hospital Problems Due to Hospitalization Implementing Preventive Strategies Being Discharged From the Hospital Undergoing Surgery Before an Operation At the Time of an Operation After an Operation Rehabilitation Treatment of Pain and Inflammation Physical Therapy Occupational Therapy Speech Therapy Rehabilitation for Specific Problems Heart Disorders Stroke Hip Surgery Replacement of a Knee Amputation of a Leg Speech Disorders Blindness Hearing Loss Long-Term Care Retirement Communities Assisted Living Communities Board-and-Care Facilities Life-Care Communities Nursing Homes Caregiving Who Are Caregivers? Rewards of Caregiving Challenges in Caregiving Getting Help Palliative and End-of-Life Care Reducing Suffering Retaining Control Over Decisions Palliative Care and Hospice Care Peace and Resolution Section 3 MEDICAL CONDITIONS Nutritional Disorders Undernutrition Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies Obesity Water and Electrolyte Balance Dehydration Overhydration Problems With Electrolyte Balance Hypothermia and Hyperthermia Hypothermia Hyperthermia Dizziness and Fainting Dizziness Fainting Falls Osteoporosis Fractures Hip Fractures Compression Fractures of the Spine Shoulder Fractures Wrist Fractures Pain Confusion Delirium Dementia Alzheimer's Disease Vascular Dementia Lewy Body Dementia Stroke Nerve Disorders Trigeminal Neuralgia Postherpetic Neuralgia Neuropathies Postpolio Syndrome Movement Disorders Myoclonus Dystonia Tardive Dyskinesia and Akathisia Essential Tremor Parkinson's Disease Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Shy-Drager Syndrome Sleep Changes in Sleep Patterns With Aging Physical and Mental Health Disorders Affecting Sleep Insomnia Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Limb Movement Disorders Sleep Apnea REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Circadian Rhythm Disorders Other Sleep Disorders Mental Health Disorders Depression Anxiety Psychosis Thyroid Disorders Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Thyroid Nodules Diabetes Mellitus Skin Disorders Dry Skin Itching Rosacea Seborrheic Dermatitis Shingles Pressure Sores Venous Ulcers Eye Disorders Cataract Glaucoma Age-Related Macular Degeneration Diabetic Retinopathy Disruptions of Blood Supply Retinal Tears and Detachment Disorders of Tear Production Eyelid Disorders Hearing and the Ear Hearing Loss Tinnitus Earwax Nose and Throat Disorders Rhinitis Sinusitis Voice Disorders Mouth and Dental Disorders Tooth Decay Periodontal Disease Dry Mouth Tooth Loss Burning Mouth Syndrome Mouth Sores Foot Disorders Corns and Calluses Bunion Hammer Toe Heal or Arch Pain Onychauxis and Onychogryphosis Onychomycosis Arthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Gout Pseudogout Infectious Arthritis Temporal Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica High Blood Pressure Blood Vessel Disorders Atherosclerosis Peripheral Arterial Disease Aortic Dissection Aneurysms Varicose Veins Superficial Thrombophlebitis Deep Vein Thrombosis Coronary Artery Disease Heart Failure Abnormal Heart Rhythms Premature Beats Atrial Flutter and Atrial Fibrillation Ventricular Tachycardia Ventricular Fibrillation Sinus Bradycardia and Sick Sinus Syndrome Heart Block Heart Valve Disorders Aortic Stenosis Aortic Regurgitation Mitral Stenosis Mitral Regurgitation Blood Disorders Anemia Low Platelet Count Clotting Disorders Thrombocythemia Polycythemia Vera Myelofibrosis Finding and Living With Cancer Screening Recognizing the Warning Signs Confirming the Diagnosis and Staging Guidelines for Treatment Living With Cancer Cancers Breast Cancer Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Colorectal Cancer Lung Cancer Mouth, Head, and Neck Cancers Multiple Myeloma. Prostate Cancer Skin Cancer Vulvar Cancer Pneumonia and Influenza Pneumonia Influenza Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Swallowing and Reflux Disorders Dysphagia Gastroesophageal Reflux Bowel Movement Disorders Constipation Diarrhea Fecal Incontinence Urinary Tract Infections Urinary Incontinence Female Genital and Sexual Disorders Inflammation of the Vulva and Vagina Vulvar Pain Skin Disorders of the Vulva Vaginal Bleeding Pelvic Support Disorders Decreased Sexual Drive Male Genital and Sexual Disorders Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Prostatitis Inguinal Hernia Erectile Dysfunction Decreased Sex Drive Retrograde Ejaculation Exercise Why Exercise?. Starting to Exercise Types of Exercise Exercise for People With a Disorder: Arthritis Coronary Artery Disease Dementia Diabetes Disabilities Heart Failure Lung Disorders Parkinson's Disease Peripheral Arterial Disease Stroke Section 4 SOCIAL, LEGAL, AND ETHICAL ISSUES Coping With Change Life-Changing Events Retirement Losing a Loved One Changes in Living Arrangements Staying Connected Driving Crash Rates and Traffic Violations The Reasons for Problems Ways of Compensating A Driving Decision Intimacy Intimacy and Long-Term Relationships Intimacy and Dating Intimacy and Sex Intimacy and Dementia Intimacy and Families Intimacy and Privacy Intimacy in Gay Relationships Intimacy in Other Relationships Mistreatment Types of Mistreatment Prevention of Mistreatment Responding to Mistreatment Understanding Legal and Ethical Issues Informed Consent Confidentiality Capacity Competency Advance Directives Living Will Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Surrogates Paying for Health Care Medicare Medicaid Private Insurance Understanding Managed Care APPENDIXES Drug Names: Generic and Trade Resources for Help and Information INDEX