gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance estimates of radar STAP processing on the IBM/Sony/Toshiba cell processor (2006)

Advances in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) embedded computing technologies have yielded impressive gains in computational throughput over the past 5-10 years. Adaptive sensor array systems utilizing real-time teraflop class machines are in wide deployment today. Gains in processor density have generally been achieved by steady improvements in semiconductor optical lithographic processes along with less frequent innovations in processor chip architectures. It is likely that the real-time embedded community is entering an era where processor architectural innovations will be bearing most of the burden for producing processing density gains as lithographic processes approach fundamental physical limitations. More and more 'systems on a chip' are emerging to address these trends. An exciting example of this technology trend is IBM's new Cell Broadband Engine (CBE) architecture which offers massive SIMD compute power on multiple computational units interconnected via a high bandwidth internal fabric. This paper explores the application of a computationally intensive adaptive nulling problem on the CBE architecture.
Nonholonomic haptic display (2002)

Conventional approaches to haptic interface rely on high gain servos to implement virtual constraints. The role of the servo is to reduce the apparent degrees of freedom in such a way as to effectively constrain a human operator's motion. A significant drawback of this approach, however, is that the operator must interact directly with a high power system that is not inherently passive, and which may become unstable. In this paper, we present a novel approach to haptic display which allows virtual constraints to be implemented in a manner that is completely passive and therefore intrinsically safe. The key idea is to begin with a device having zero or one degree of freedom, and to use feedback control to increase the apparent degrees of freedom as necessary. This becomes possible with the use of nonholonomic joints, which have fewer degrees of freedom than generalized coordinates. The design and feedback control of several "programmable constraint machines" (PCMs) of this type are discussed.
Fiber-optic integrated interference filters (1982)

The fabrication of interference filters in optical fibers is reported with new results indicating the possibility of growing several filters in the same fiber, together with the existence of an apparent saturation level that depends on the coupled power level.
Validation of tissue microarray technology in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (2008)

Tissue microarray (TMA) technology has been developed to facilitate high-throughput immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analysis of tissues by inserting small tissue biopsy cores into a single paraffin block. Several studies have revealed novel prognostic biomarkers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by means of TMA technology, although this technique has not yet been validated for these tumors. Because representativeness of the donor tissue cores may be a disadvantage compared to full sections, the aim of this study was to assess if TMA technology provides representative immunohistochemical results in ESCC. A TMA was constructed containing triplicate cores of 108 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. The agreement in the differentiation grade and immunohistochemical staining scores of CK5/6, CK14, E-cadherin, Ki-67, and p53 between TMA cores and a subset of 64 randomly selected donor paraffin blocks was determined using kappa statistics. The concurrence between TMA cores and donor blocks was moderate for Ki-67 (kappa = 0.42) and E-cadherin (kappa = 0.47), substantial for differentiation grade (kappa = 0.65) and CK14 (kappa = 0.71), and almost perfect for p53 (kappa = 0.86) and CK5/6 (kappa = 0.93). TMA technology appears to be a valid method for immunohistochemical analysis of molecular markers in ESCC provided that the staining pattern in the tumor is homogeneous.
Surface Micro Topography Measurement Using Interferometry (2012)

Surface topography measurement plays an important role in many applications in engineering and science. The three dimensional (3D) shapes of objects need to be measured accurately to ensure manufacturing quality. Optical methods have been used as metrological tools for a long time. They are non-contacting, non-destructive and highly accurate. In combination with computers and other electronic devices, they have become faster, more reliable, more convenient and more robust. Among these optical methods, interferometry has received much interest for its shape measurement of optical and nonoptical surfaces. Information about the surface under test can be obtained from interference fringes which characterize the surface. Two-beam interference fringes have been used to investigate the shape of optical and non-optical surfaces for a long time (Born et al., 1980). Phase distribution is encoded in an intensity distribution as a result of interference phenomena, and is displayed in the form of an interference pattern. Phase distribution should therefore be retrievable from the interference pattern. There are many methods of phase evaluation. In this chapter, we present recent developments in interferometry techniques carried out in our laboratory. In Sec. 2, the flat fielding method for coherent noise suppression is described. In Sec. 3, a combination of flat fielding and apodized apertures is presented. In Sec. 4, the phase retrieval using single-shot off-axis geometry, Zernike’s polynomial fitting, Bunnagel’s method, phase shifting interferometry, and two-wavelength interferometry are described. Section 5 describes a new off-axis interferometry configuration and the principle of single-shot, dual-wavelength interferometry for measuring a step height of 1.34 m  nominally. In Sec. 6, a multiple-beam interferometry technique at reflection for measuring the microtopography of an optical flat nominally of /20  is described. Section 7 gives concluding discussions and remarks.
Detection of Attomole Quantitites of DNA Targets on Gold Microelectrodes by Electrocatalytic Nucleobase Oxidation (2003)

The electrochemical detection of nucleic acid targets at low concentrations has a number of applications in diagnostics and pharmaceutical research. Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiol-derivatized oligonucleotides on gold electrodes provide a useful platform for such detectors, and the electrocatalytic oxidation of nucleobases included in the DNA targets is a particularly sensitive method of electrochemical detection. A strategy has been developed for combining these two aspects by substituting either 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8G) or 5-aminouridine (5U) into DNA targets. Upon hybridization of targets containing these modified nucleobases, electrocatalytic signals at probe-modified gold electrodes are observed in the presence of Os(bpy)(3)(2+), which oxidizes both 8G and 5U upon oxidation to the Os(III) state. Self-assembled monolayers were prepared on both macro (1.6 mm) and micro (25 microm) gold electrodes using published procedures involving C6-terminated alkanethiol oligonucleotides and mercaptohexanol as the diluent. The extent of electrode modification by the modified probe was assessed using radiolabeling and a standard chronocoulometry method; both approaches gave loading levels within expected ranges ((1-6) x 10(12) molecules/cm(2)). Hybridization of the modified targets where the non-native nucleobase was incorporated by solid-phase synthesis produced electrocatalytic signals from strands that were independently detected using radiolabeling and chronocoulometry. This result was used as a basis to develop an on-electrode amplification scheme where Taq polymerase was used to extend the immobilized DNA probes from solution-phase polymeric templates using modified nucleotriphosphates. This reaction produced an electrode that was modified with extended DNA containing the appropriate modified nucleotide. Radiolabeled nucleotide triphosphates were used to confirm the desired on-electrode DNA synthesis. When these electrodes were cycled in the presence of Os(bpy)(3)(2+), electrocatalytic signals were observed when as little as 40 amol (400 fM) of the desired target was present in the hybridization solution.
HSP90 interacts with RAR1 and SGT1 and is essential for RPS2-mediated disease resistance in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2003)

RAR1 and its interacting partner SGT1 play a central role in plant disease resistance triggered by a number of resistance (R) proteins. We identified cytosolic heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a molecular chaperone, as another RAR1 interacting protein by yeast two-hybrid screening. RAR1 interacts with the N-terminal half of HSP90 that contains the ATPase domain. HSP90 also specifically interacts with SGT1 that contains a tetratricopeptide repeat motif and a domain with similarity to the cochaperone p23. In Arabidopsis, the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin reduces the hypersensitive response and abolishes resistance triggered by the R protein RPS2 against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (avrRpt2). One of four Arabidopsis cytosolic HSP90 isoforms, AtHSP90.1 is required for full RPS2 resistance and is rapidly induced upon pathogen challenge. We propose that RAR1 and SGT1 function closely with HSP90 in chaperoning roles that are essential for disease resistance.
Aluminum Plasmonic Multicolor Meta-Hologram (2015)

We report a phase-modulated multicolor meta-hologram (MCMH) that is polarization-dependent and capable of producing images in three primary colors. The MCMH structure is made of aluminum nanorods that are arranged in a two-dimensional array of pixels with surface plasmon resonances in red, green, and blue. The aluminum nanorod array is patterned on a 30 nm thick SiO2 spacer layer sputtered on top of a 130 nm thick aluminum mirror. With proper design of the structure, we obtain resonances of narrow bandwidths to allow for implementation of the multicolor scheme. Taking into account of the wavelength dependence of the diffraction angle, we can project images to specific locations with predetermined size and order. With tuning of aluminum nanorod size, we demonstrate that the image color can be continuously varied across the visible spectrum.
A model for tunneling-limited breakdown in high-power HEMTs (2002)

We present a new predictive model for off-state breakdown in InAlAs/InGaAs and AlGaAs/InGaAs power high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The proposed model suggests that electron tunneling from the gate edge, and not impact ionization, is responsible for off-state breakdown in these devices. The model indicates that the crucial variables in determining the off-state breakdown voltage of power HEMTs are the sheet carrier concentration in the extrinsic gate-drain region, and the gate Schottky barrier height. Other design parameters have only secondary impact on the breakdown voltage for realistic device designs.
Excited state C–N bond dissociation and cyclization of tri-aryl amine-based OLED materials: a theoretical investigation (2018)

Chemical degradation of <bold>TAA</bold> occurs through the conical intersection present between ground and first excited singlet state with C–N bond dissociation, which channels the excited molecules to dissociate and form radical fragments or cyclized products.
Step Programmed Temperature GC (1971)

A method for temperature programming of capillary colums in GC has been described. Analysis is carried out at several temperature levels. Temperature change from one level to another is done during a very short time interval. The calculation of the supposed retention time is simple and is based on the calculation of retention times at individual temperatures.
Histocompatibility genes of mice. VI. Allografts in mice congenic at various non-H-2 histocompatibility loci. (1966)

SUMMARY
Using a panel of congenic resistant mice differng from C57BL/10ScSn at the H-1, H-3, H-4, H-7, H-8, H-9, H-10, H-11, H-12, and H-13 histocompatibility loci, the median survival times of skin allografts from and to C57BL/10ScSn were obtained. The following observations were made: 1. The strengths of the barriers imposed by the non-H-2 histocompatibility loci were quite variable, the median survival times for the various loci ranging from 15 to > 300 days. 2. The reciprocal graft rejections across non-H-2 burriers were often quite differet. BIOBY mice rejected C57BL/10ScSn skin with a median survival time of 15 days. C57BL/10ScSn mice rejected B10BY skin with a median survival time > 250 days. 3. The longer the median survival time, the greater was the range in survival times of individual grafts. 4. The rejection time of females of a given strain was frequently shorter than that of males. 5. Preimmunization with donor thymocytes increased survival of recipients of tumor allografts and, except in the case of the weakest histocompatibility differences, shortened the survival of skin allografts. 6. Injection at intervals of 1 week of 1, 2, and 4 X 105 thymocytes was less effective in protecting against a subsequent tumor allograft than 10 times these numbers of cells. However, an additional increase the cell dosage did not further increase the protection. 7. Skin grafted 7 days after immunization was rejected faster than skin grafted 14 days after immunization. Skin grafted after triple immunization was rejected faster than skin grafted after single immunization. 8. The strengths of rejection of skin and tumor across non-H-2 histocompatibility barriers paralleled one another.
Autonomic mechanisms in ventricular fibrillation induced by myocardial ischemia during exercise in dogs with healed myocardial infarction. An experimental preparation for sudden cardiac death. (1984)

The relationship between activity of the autonomic nervous system, myocardial ischemia, and malignant arrhythmias has been investigated in a new experimental preparation for sudden death. Fifty-seven dogs were chronically instrumented and studied under control conditions (n = 15) and 1 month after production of an anterior myocardial infarction (n = 42). The protocol consisted in occluding the left circumflex coronary artery for 2 min, commencing at the last minute of an exercise stress test and extending through the first minute after cessation of exercise. With this protocol, ventricular fibrillation was observed in 40% of normal dogs and 66% of dogs with infarction. In 14 dogs with infarction, left stellectomy reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation to zero (p less than .001). The reflex changes in heart rate elicited within the first minute of ischemia during exercise in the animals that survived (from 204 +/- 14 to 198 +/- 31 beats/min, -6) were opposite those in animals that had ventricular fibrillation (from 208 +/- 24 to 229 +/- 30 beats/min, +21) (p less than .05). The ischemia-induced reduction in heart rate despite continuation of exercise suggests the presence in the dogs that survived of active vagal reflexes that may have played an important role in the maintenance of cardiac electrical stability. This preparation has the potential to induce ventricular fibrillation consistently in conscious animals by the interaction of a few clinically relevant factors (acute myocardial ischemia, submaximal exercise and its cessation, sympathetic and vagal reflexes, and heart rate) and offers the possibility of acquiring further insights into the mechanisms of malignant arrhythmias and evaluating novel strategies for targeted prevention.
Bioassay of Three Isothiocyanates as Fumigants Against Larvae of a Caribbean Fruit Fly and the Apple Maggot12 (1980)

Larvae of a Caribbean fruit fly Anastrepha suspense (Loew) were fumigated with propyl, 2-propenyl, and 2-propynyl isothiocyanates in the laboratory. Larvae were exposed for 3 or 24 h at dosages ranging from 1.1 to 10.5 mg/liter. Results were compared to those of an ethylene dibromide standard. Mortality of larvae was 100% with exposures of 24 h to 2.1 mg/liter of 2-propenyl or 2-propynyl isothiocyanate and was 99.8% with propyl isothiocyanate. In one test, ‘York’ apples infested with apple maggot larvae, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), were fumigated with imitation horseredish, which contains 2-propenyl isothiocyanate. Mortality of larvae was 100%, but treated fruit turned brown.
Simulation of uniformity and lifetime effects in collimated sputtering (1996)

Collimated sputtering has been successful in providing good contact barriers for sub-half micron contacts with aspect ratios of 3 and greater. This approach does present drawbacks, however, particularly in terms of reduced deposition rates and degraded film uniformity. The deposition rate can be less than 25% relative to uncollimated systems due to the flux collected on the collimator itself. This in turn leads to closing off of the collimator cells by depositing material, which further reduces deposition rate on the wafer and limits the life of the collimator. This article demonstrates simulation of the filling of the collimator with different system configurations and pressures using the SIMSPUD vapor transport and SIMBAD thin-film growth simulators. The model can determine collimator filling uniformity, blanket film uniformity, angular distribution of collimated sputter flux, and lifetime of the collimator. Given the target erosion profile, system geometry, and deposition rate, collimator lifetime can be predicted. The model indicates that for a 300 mm diam source a drop in operating pressure from 0.67 to 0.27 Pa has little effect on collimator life in terms of kW h, while increasing collimator life in terms of wafers by about 50%. The increase in the number of wafers processed comes at the expense of a small loss of uniformity. A universal relationship between via hole aspect ratio and the product of collimator transmission and hole bottom fill is also demonstrated.
Estimation of Molecular Environment for Amino Acids in Proteins by Monolayer Behaviors of the Amino Acid Derivative Polymers on a Water Surface (2001)

The behaviors of polymer monolayers on a water surface were investigated by the measurement of surface pressure−area isotherms. A good correlation of the collapse pressure of the monolayer with the hydropathy scales of the natural amino acid rather than the hydrophobicity scales was observed. It is concluded that the amino acid residue in the polymer monolayer on the water surface exists in a similar molecular environment to that of the polypeptides. The hydropathy scale for the amino acid residue can be obtained experimentally from the collapse pressure of the corresponding monolayer, and that for unnatural amino acid residues also was examined. Moreover, the dependence of the hydrophobic character of the amino acid on temperature is also investigated by the change in the collapse pressure of the amino acid derivative polymer monolayers.
Do Permanent Night Workers Show Circadian Adjustment? A Review Based on the Endogenous Melatonin Rhythm (2008)

"Permanent" or "fixed" night shifts have been argued to offer a potential benefit over rotating shift systems in that they may serve to maximize circadian adjustment and hence minimize the various health and safety problems associated with night work. For this reason, some authors have argued in favor of permanent shift systems, but their arguments assume at least a substantial, if not complete, adjustment of the circadian clock. They have emphasized the finding that the day sleeps taken between successive night shifts by permanent night workers are rather longer than those of either slowly or rapidly rotating shift workers, but this could simply reflect increased pressure for sleep. The present paper reviews the literature on the adjustment to permanent night work of the circadian rhythm in the secretion of melatonin, which is generally considered to be the best known indicator of the state of the endogenous circadian body clock. Studies of workers in "abnormal" environments, such as oil rigs and remote mining operations, were excluded, as the nature of these unique settings might serve to assist adjustment. The results of the six studies included indicate that only a very small minority (<3%) of permanent night workers evidence "complete"adjustment of their endogenous melatonin rhythm to night work, less than one in four permanent night workers evidence sufficiently "substantial" adjustment to derive any benefit from it, there is no difference between studies conducted in normal or dim lighting, and there is no evidence of gender difference in the adjustment to permanent night work. It is concluded that in normal environments, permanent night-shift systems are unlikely to result in sufficient circadian adjustment in most individuals to benefit health and safety.
Photoinduced refractive-index changes in germanosilicate fibers (1990)

Photoinduced guided index changes approaching 10−4 in the range 488–784 nm, measured using a simple interferometric technique, are reported in germanosilicate single-mode optical fibers exposed to the 488-nm line of an Ar+ laser running multifrequency. The wavelength dependence and dynamics of the writing process are characterized, and the material dispersion of the induced Δn(λ) is shown to be weak. The effect is placed in the context of related research on color centers in these fibers, and two different mechanisms are proposed that lead to quantitative estimates in rough agreement with the measured Δn values.
Non-aqueous surfactant systems (1997)

Introduction: The interest in studying surfactant aggregation in other polar solvents than water has increased quite recently; indeed, much of the advances in the field are less than ten years old ...
Efficacy of Aztreonam in the Treatment of Skeletal Infections Due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1991)

Twenty-eight patients with skeletal infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with aztreonam during two open, noncomparative, multicenter clinical trials. Ten patients with septic arthritis received 2 g of aztreonam three times a day (modal) for 30 days (mean). The mean follow-up period was 4 weeks. Microbiologic cure was achieved in all 10 patients; complete clinical cure, in eight; and partial clinical cure, in two. Eighteen cases of osteomyelitis were treated with 2 g of aztreonam three times a day (modal) for 40 days (mean), with a mean follow-up period of 6 months. Microbiologic cure was achieved in 17 patients. Relapse occurred 1 month after therapy in one patient. Complete clinical cure was achieved in 13 and partial clinical cure was achieved in five patients. The most common adverse reactions to aztreonam were a transient elevation in levels of hepatic enzymes and transient eosinophilia. Three superinfections and one subsequent infection occurred. These results support use of aztreonam for the treatment of skeletal infections due to P. aeruginosa.