gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic fields in planarly layered anisotropic media (2007)

This paper presents a method for calculating the electromagnetic field from a dipole source in stratified media with general anisotropy. The formulation can be applied to geophysical applications such as ground-penetrating radar and marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods. In stratified media, the propagation of fields can be considered in the frequencywavenumber domain. The resulting set of ordinary differential equations consists of a field vector, a system matrix, and a source vector. In each piecewise homogeneous region, the system matrix is given by the material properties and the horizontal slownesses. The vertical slownesses are the eigenvalues of the system matrix. A diagonalization of the system matrix transforms the field vector into a mode-field that contains upgoing and downgoing field constituents. For system matrices that account for general anisotropy, it is shown how the electromagnetic field from any of the four basic dipole types can be calculated at any desired position in the stratified medium. It is furthermore shown how the reflection and transmission response from a stack can be calculated by a recursive scheme. Potential numerical instabilities due to using propagators are avoided by using this reflectivity method. Due to an energy-flux normalization of the eigenvector matrices, the reciprocity relations for reflection and transmission of electromagnetic fields in general anisotropic media can be derived. Several other useful relations between the reflection and transmission matrices are obtained as well. The propagator method is dependent on the ability to calculate eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the system matrix for all layers. In simple cases with isotropy or transversal isotropy in the direction of medium variation, the eigenvalue problem can be solved explicitly. These eigenvector matrices have useful properties, e.g. when processing data. The possibility to remove layers above or below the receiver layer follows from the decomposition of a field into upgoing and downgoing polarization modes. The propagator theory was implemented in order to model anisotropy in marine CSEM. A modelling study shows that responses are affected by horizontal, vertical, and dipping anisotropy in different manners. This suggests that when anisotropy is present at a survey site, careful planning and interpretation are required in order to correctly account for the responses.
Artificial dielectric lens antennas: Assessment of their potential for space applications (1993)

This paper describes the results of an ongoing study on artificial dielectric lenses supported by the European Space Agency. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility and potential for space applications of planar non-homogeneous lens antennas, considering the electrical, mechanical/thermal and materials/manufacturing aspects involved.
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF SOME FURO (3,2‐g)‐COUMARIN AND 2,3‐DIHYDROFURO (3,2‐g)‐COUMARIN DERIVATIVES (1975)

Abstract— In order to gain further insight into the photocrosslinking of DNA by furocoumarin derivatives, the photoreactivity of furocoumarins and bisfurocoumarins was studied. While the triplet dimerization of furocoumarins occurs at the pyrone side, incorporation of furocoumarins in nonconjugated bichromophoric systems leads to reactions at the furan side as well. Furthermore, 2,3‐dihydrofurocoumarins show both triplet and singlet reactivity.
EFFECTS OF MYCOFUMIGATION USING MUSCODOR ALBUS AND MUSCODOR ROSEUS ON DISEASES OF SUGAR BEET AND CHRYSANTHEMUM (2004)

Methyl bromide-chloropicrin mixtures are the major chemicals used for soil disinfestation in the U.S. These chemicals are highly efficacious fumigants used for preplant soil fumigation in field and greenhouse production. They control soil-borne diseases, insects, nematodes and weeds. The 1996 International agreement to phase-out methyl bromide for soil fumigation will seriously reduce options for controlling soilborne pathogens. Mycofumigation is the use of antimicrobial volatiles produced by fungi such as Muscodor albus and Muscodor roseus for the control of other microorganisms. A synthetic mixture of organic components, which were originally identified in M. albus gases, provided disease control equal to the formulated fungus in terms of reducing damping-off by Aphanomyces cochlioides, Pythium ultimum, and Rhizoctonia solani. The effect of growth substrates for M. albus and M. roseus, their placement and fumigation period on efficacy for control of sugar beet seedling diseases was studied. Optimal growth substrates for M. albus were barley, canola, oat, and stabileze while optimal growth substrates for M. roseus were oat and barley. A 1-week mycofumigation period provided better control of damping-off than direct planting for both Muscodor sp. Mixing substrates with soil was superior to placement in the upper 25 % of the pot in Rhizoctonia-infested soil, whereas placement the in the upper 25 % of the pot was superior in Aphanomyces- and Pythium-infested soil. Field experiments indicate that mycofumigation of Aphanomyces-infested soil, buried 20 and 30 cm deep in field soil, increased seedling establishment of sugar beets. A winter survival study confirmed that M. albus does not survive the winter when buried (0 to 45 cm) in field soil in Montana. Storage of Muscodor sp. stabileze in a starch /sucrose / silica formulation was effective at - 10 °C and 3 to 5 °C for 5 months. In chrysanthemum experiments mycofumigation with M. albus and M. roseus resulted in significantly decreased Verticillium stem colonization compared to the V. dahliae pathogen control.
Comparison between direct humidification and nebulization of the respiratory tract at mechanical ventilation: distribution of saline solution studied by gamma camera (2006)

Through the use of an aerosol with specific size characteristics, it may be possible to optimize the distribution of a fluid in the respiratory tract and achieve a more homogenous humidification. It is recommended to replicate the study using 25 subjects. Relevance to clinical practice. Direct instillation of saline should not be used with mechanical ventilation.
Data Structures Using Java (2011)

Written in an engaging and informal style, Data Structures Using Java facilitates a student's transition from simple programs in the first semester introductory programming course to more sophisticated, efficient, and effective programs in the second semester Data Structures course. Without delving too deeply into the details of Java, the author emphasizes the importance of effective organization and management of data and the importance of writing programs in a modern, object-oriented style. Designed to correlate with the curricular guidelines of the ACM/IEEE Computer Science Curriculum 2008, Data Structures Using Java introduces students to the more advanced concepts of writing programs but is still accessible to non-computer science majors. Believing that learning how to design and write programs requires hands-on application of concepts, the author includes labs throughtout the text for students to immediately apply and test the newly learned material. The accessible writing style and hands-on approach of Data Structures Using Java, will provide your students with the skills necessary to design and use algorithms and data structures in their programming careers in an uncluttered environment, and efficient manner. Key Features: -Content correlates to the learning objectives of the curricular guidelines of the 2008 ACM/IEEE Computer Science Curriculum. -Avoids much of the advanced theory to provide students with the practical skills required to write algorithms and create data structures, in a one-term CS2 course. -Ideal for students who want to enter the programming profession immediately -Includes lab exercises throughout for students to apply the newly learned concepts. Instructor Resources: -PowerPoint Lecture Outlines -Solutions to the chapter exercises -Test Bank -Source Code needed for the programming exercises.
P‐29: Variability in Susceptibility to the Color Flash Effect in Field Sequential Color Displays (2004)

Abstract We report on a study to develop population statistics on susceptibility to the “color flash effect” (CFE) a visual artifact observed, to varying degrees, by viewers of field sequential color (FSC) displays. Subjects made saccades across a vertical bright line generated by a simulated Philips “scrolling color” FSC display, judged to be representative in this regard to conventional FSC displays. Pre‐analyzed test data from 32 young adults show that contrast ratio thresholds and luminance thresholds for CFE detection vary over (wide) ranges of log 1.2 (15.9:1) and log 1.07 (11.8:1), respectively. A statistically significant though moderate (0.40) correlation exists between the two thresholds. The results of less rigorous testing of 26 old‐than‐40 year adult indicate that CFE susceptibility is not age‐dependent. The well‐researched perceptual mislocalization of signals flashed during a saccade is identified as the primary cause of CFE.
Adaptive Radio Resource Management for Multi-Operator WCDMA Based Cellular Wireless Networks with Heterogeneous Traffic (2006)

In current and next 3G and beyond mobile wireless systems, sharing the radio access network has become an important issue for 3G mobile operators. Sharing network infrastructure amongst operators offers an alternative solution to reduce the investment in the coverage phase of WCDMA, allows increased coverage, reduces time to market, and allows earlier user acceptance for WCDMA and its related services. In this paper a novel radio resource management strategy known as adaptive partitioning with borrowing (APB) is proposed to cope with the implied new architectural changes. This strategy is devoted to achieve an efficient usage of the available pool of radio resources while satisfying the required quality of service (QoS) in heterogeneous traffic 3G wireless networks. Grade of service (GoS) and resources utilization are considered in this study to evaluate the network performance. Simulation results indicate that the proposed APB resource allocation provides higher resource utilization under all load conditions leading in turn to increased revenue. Moreover it provides the best balance between the system utilization and the required QoS
Solid-State Fermentation with <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> for Cellulase Production (1985)

Cellulase yields of 250 to 430 IU/g of cellulose were recorded in a new approach to solid-state fermentation of wheat straw with Trichoderma reesei QMY-1. This is an increase of ca. 72% compared with the yields (160 to 250 IU/g of cellulose) in liquid-state fermentation reported in the literature. High cellulase activity (16 to 17 IU/ml) per unit volume of enzyme broth and high yields of cellulases were attributed to the growth of T. reesei on a hemicellulose fraction during its first phase and then on a cellulose fraction of wheat straw during its later phase for cellulase production, as well as to the close contact of hyphae with the substrate in solid-state fermentation. The cellulase system obtained by the solid-state fermentation of wheat straw contained cellulases (17.2 IU/ml), beta-glucosidase (21.2 IU/ml), and xylanases (540 IU/ml). This cellulase system was capable of hydrolyzing 78 to 90% of delignified wheat straw (10% concentration) in 96 h, without the addition of complementary enzymes, beta-glucosidase, and xylanases.
Half-Time of Endogenous Growth Hormone (GH) Disappearance in Normal Man After Stimulation of GH Secretion by GH-Releasing Hormone and Suppression with Somatostatin* (1989)

The half-life (t1/2) of disappearance of endogenous GH from serum was studied using physiological effectors to stimulate and then suppress GH release. GH secretion was stimulated by a single iv injection of GHRH, followed 45 min later by an iv bolus dose and then a 2.5-h infusion of somatostatin (SRIH) to suppress further release. The in vivo t1/2 of GH in seven men was calculated from serum GH concentrations measured at frequent intervals after beginning the SRIH infusion. The mean t1/2 of endogenous GH was 18.9 +/- 0.8 (+/- SE) min by monoexponential analysis and 3.5 +/- 0.7 and 20.7 +/- 0.7 min by biexponential fitting. In these normal men, the decline in GH concentrations after GHRH and SRIH administration was similar to that after the administration of GHRH alone, which yielded a t1/2 of 20.3 +/- 1.9 min. We conclude that the physiological kinetics of endogenous GH removal/disappearance can be estimated in vivo in man using GHRH with or without SRIH infusion.
Scheduling Tasks with AND/OR Precedence Constraints (1995)

In traditional precedence-constrained scheduling a task is ready to execute when all its predecessors are complete. We call such a task an AND task. In this paper we allow certain tasks to be ready when just one of their predecessors is complete. These tasks are known as OR tasks. We analyze the complexity of two types of real-time AND/OR task scheduling problems. In the first type of problem, all the predecessors of every OR task must eventually be completed, but in the second type of problem, some OR predecessors may be left unscheduled. We show that most problems involving tasks with individual deadlines are NP-complete, and then present two priority-driven heuristic algorithms to minimize completion time on a multiprocessor. These algorithms provide the same level of worst-case performance as some previous priority-driven algorithms for scheduling AND-only task systems.
Proinsulin (1971)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Laser Processing For Interconnect Technology (1988)

Laser processing of polyimide dielectric layers for use in high-density interconnect structures was studied. A pulsed excimer laser was used to photoetch via holes and a CW argon ion laser operating at 351 nm was used to selectively deposit catalytic amounts of palladium on polyimide. Subsequent immersion of the irradiated samples in an electroless copper solution resulted in selective copper deposition.
An Evaluation and Comparison of Current Peer-to-Peer Full-Text Keyword Search Techniques. (2005)

Current peer-to-peer (p2p) full-text keyword search techniques fall into the following categories: document-based partitioning, keyword-based partitioning, hybrid indexing, and semantic search. This paper provides a performance evaluation and comparison of these p2p full-text keyword search techniques on a dataset with 3.7 million web pages and 6.8 million search queries. Our evaluation results can serve as a guide for choosing the most suitable p2p full-text keyword search technique based on given system parameters, such as network size, the number of documents, and the number of queries per second. 1.
Ghana - Mining and Development (2004)

The objectives of the project ($9.37\n million, 1996-2001) were to (a) enhance the capacity of the\n mining sector institutions to carry out their functions of\n encouraging and regulating investments in the mining sector\n in an environmentally sound manner and (b) support the use\n of techniques and mechanisms that will improve productivity,\n financial viability and reduce the environmental impact of\n small-scale mining operations. It had two components:\n Strengthening of Mining Sector Institutions, and Assistance\n to Small-scale Mining Enterprises. The project took into\n account lessons learned from three previous operations in\n Ghana which focused on developing the mining sector: the\n Export Rehabilitation project, the Export Rehabilitation\n Technical Assistance project, and the Mining Sector\n Rehabilitation project.
The tube wave as a Biot slow wave (1987)

Abstract The tube wave speed in a simple fluid-filled circular bore reduces to vT=vf/(1+Kf/μ)1/2 as the frequency goes to zero, where vf=(Kf/ρf)1/2 is the acoustic sound speed in the fluid, ρf is the fluid density, Kf is the fluid bulk modulus, and μ is the formation shear modulus. Biot (1952) deduced this simple relation by considering the low-frequency asymptotic expansion of the exact dispersion relation. In 1956, Biot proposed a theory (Biot, 1956a, b) that predicts a new type of compressional bulk wave in fluid-saturated porous media. This “slow wave” is associated mainly with the motion of pore fluids. It appears that Biot never related this theory to his previous work on the bore problem, although the connection is apparent if the bore is considered as a pore. Typically, the bore radius is about 10 cm, while the relevant acoustic logging frequency is on the order of 1 kHz. With water as the bore fluid, the viscous skin depth is on the order of 100 μm. Therefore, if the bore is to be considered as a pore, the relevant form of Biot's theory is the limit in which the pore radius is large relative to the viscous skin depth of the fluid. This form is the high-frequency limit, in which the effects of the fluid viscosity are negligible and the slow-wave dissipation is relatively low.
Biosynthesis of dermatan sulphate proteoglycans. The effect of <i>β</i>-<scp>d</scp>-xyloside addition on the polymer-modification process in fibroblast cultures (1991)

Incubation of cultured fibroblasts with p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in galactosaminoglycan synthesis. At low concentration of added xyloside large and small radiolabelled proteoglycans and xyloside-bound polysaccharides were recovered from the medium, whereas at high concentrations only xyloside-bound polysaccharides were found. In the cell layer proteoglycans and xyloside-bound polysaccharides were found at all concentrations tested. Only galactosaminoglycan chains were polymerized on the xyloside primer. At low concentrations of added xyloside the structure of the galactosaminoglycans formed on the xyloside was similar to that of the small dermatan sulphate proteoglycan, i.e. mainly composed of L-iduronic acid-containing 4-sulphated disaccharides. With increasing concentration of added xyloside the co-polymeric structure of the small dermatan sulphate proteoglycan and the xyloside-bound polysaccharide was changed to contain a larger proportion of D-glucuronosyl residues with only slight changes in the sulphation pattern. No structural change in the polysaccharide chains of the large glucuronic acid-rich proteoglycans occurred. At 1 mM-xyloside, where no proteoglycans were formed, the polysaccharide was shorter and composed mainly of D-glucuronosyl-containing disaccharides with a ratio of 4-sulphate to 6-sulphate substituents of 1:2. This is similar to the structure of the large glucuronic acid-rich proteoglycan synthesized by these cells. Thus the main difference induced by the xyloside treatment was changed polymer modification at high xyloside concentrations. The specific activities of the polymer-modifying enzymes, uronosyl C-5-epimerase and 4-sulphotransferase, were therefore measured and found to be decreased by 30-50% in fibroblasts treated with high xyloside concentrations. It is suggested that the protein core is of importance for regulating the activity of the polymer-modifying enzymes.
Effects of Combined Opioids on Pain and Mood in Mammals (2012)

The authors review the opioid literature for evidence of increased analgesia and reduced adverse side effects by combining mu-opioid-receptor (MOR) agonists, kappa-opioid-receptor (KOR) agonists, and nonselective low-dose-opioid antagonists (LD-Ant). We tested fentanyl (MOR agonist) and spiradoline (KOR agonist), singly and combined, against somatic and visceral pain models. Combined agonists induced additive analgesia in somatic pain and synergistic analgesia in visceral pain. Other investigators report similar effects and reduced tolerance and dependence with combined MOR agonist and KOR agonist. LD-Ant added to either a MOR agonist or KOR agonist markedly enhanced analgesia of either agonist. In accordance with other place-conditioning (PC) studies, our PC investigations showed fentanyl-induced place preference (CPP) and spiradoline-induced place aversion (CPA). We reduced fentanyl CPP with a low dose of spiradoline and reduced spiradoline CPA with a low dose of fentanyl. We propose combined MOR agonist, KOR agonist, and LD-Ant to produce superior analgesia with reduced adverse side effects, particularly for visceral pain.
Planning percutaneous nephrolithotomy using multidetector computed tomography urography, multiplanar reconstruction and three‐dimensional reformatting (2005)

CTU with this protocol and post-processing techniques enables an accurate and confident, reproducible prediction of the site, number and size of stones in complex pelvicalyceal anatomy, optimal site(s) for placing the percutaneous track, and potential hazards when placing the track, with no significant increase in the patient's radiation burden. 3D CTU should become the standard imaging method for planning PCNL in selected patients.
Phosphoinositide signalling enzymes in rat liver nuclei: phosphoinositidase C isoform <i>β</i>1 is specifically, but not predominantly, located in the nucleus (1993)

The presence of phosphoinositide-mobilizing enzymes has been investigated in purified rat liver nuclei by radiolabelling and by probing with antibodies. A Ca(2+)-activated phosphoinositidase C (PIC) is present and was shown immunologically to be the beta 1 isoform. No gamma- or delta-PIC was found. However, only 5% of the total beta 1-PIC isoform is nuclear, with the majority being cytosolic. G alpha q and G alpha 11, the suggested physiological activators of beta 1-PIC, were not present. A PtdIns4P 5-kinase is also present, which immunologically is shown to be the C isoform. All of these nuclear inositide enzymes still remained after the removal of the nuclear envelope with Triton X-100, consistent with the concept of an intranuclear inositide cycle [Divecha, Banfic and Irvine (1991) EMBO. J. 10, 3207-3214].
Electrocatalytic Performance of Fuel Oxidation by Pt<sub>3</sub>Ti Nanoparticles (2008)

A Pt-based electrocatalyst for direct fuel cells, Pt3Ti, has been prepared in the form of nanoparticles. Pt(1,5-cyclooctadiene)Cl2 and Ti(tetrahydrofuran)2Cl4 are reduced by sodium naphthalide in tetrahydrofuran to form atomically disordered Pt3Ti nanoparticles (FCC-type structure: Fm3m; a = 0.39 nm; particle size = 3 +/- 0.4 nm). These atomically disordered Pt3Ti nanoparticles are transformed to larger atomically ordered Pt3Ti nanoparticles (Cu3Au-type structure: Pm3m; a = 0.3898 nm; particle size = 37 +/- 23 nm) by annealing above 400 degrees C. Both atomically disordered and ordered Pt3Ti nanoparticles show lower onset potentials for the oxidation of formic acid and methanol than either pure Pt or Pt-Ru nanoparticles. Both atomically disordered and ordered Pt3Ti nanoparticles show a much lower affinity for CO adsorption than either pure Pt or Pt-Ru nanoparticles. Atomically ordered Pt3Ti nanoparticles show higher oxidation current densities for both formic acid and methanol than pure Pt, Pt-Ru, or atomically disordered Pt3Ti nanoparticles. Pt3Ti nanoparticles, in particular the atomically ordered materials, have promise as anode catalysts for direct fuel cells.