gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel operon organization involving the genes for chorismate synthase (aromatic biosynthesis pathway) and ribosomal GTPase center proteins (L11, L1, L10, L12: rplKAJL) in cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. (1993)

Many of the ribosomal protein (RP) genes in both bacterial and chloroplast genomes occur, for reasons not yet understood, in operons that include nonribosomal genes. Here we report such an operon organization in a cyanobacterium (Synechocystis PCC6803) involving the genes for four RPs that are important in the GTPase function of the ribosome and the aroC gene encoding chorismate synthase, a key enzyme in the shikimate pathway for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and cell wall components. The Synechocystis aroC encodes a 362-amino-acid residue protein which is 52, 60, and 68% identical to two eubacterial (both 52%), yeast, and a higher plant (Corydalis) chorismate synthase, respectively. The gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the gene product was shown to cross-react with antibodies to Corydalis chorismate synthase; it also complemented an aroC-lacking E. coli strain. The Synechocystis rpl1 and rpl11 genes encode polypeptides of 237 and 141 amino acid residues, respectively, also with high sequence identities to the corresponding RP sequences from other eubacteria and higher plant chloroplasts. The gene order is shown to be: rpl11-86bp spacer-rpl1-460bp spacer-rpl10-87-bp spacer-rpl12-206bp spacer-aroC. Southern and Northern blot analyses of Synechocystis DNA and RNA, respectively, revealed a single cluster of these genes per genome which is transcribed from a common promoter to an unusually long, approximately 9500-nucleotide transcript. Several constructs of the cyanobacterial aroC and rpl12 genes were made and expressed in E. coli to examine the mechanisms for their very differential expression from a polycistronic mRNA (e.g. four copies L12/ribosome; chorismate synthase, a non-abundant protein). These results present the first biochemical/molecular genetic evidence of shikimate pathway in the cyanobacterial group.
Active Immunization of Male Rhesus Monkeys against Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone1 (1980)

After continued immunization of 3 male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) against luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), serum titers of LHRH antibodies rose. When these titers reached an effective level, dramatic decreases in serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) were observed. As antibody levels declined, serum LH and T levels returned to preimmunization values. Repeated immunization throughout a 12 month period caused a decline in testicular weight and steroid production, a decrease in anterior pituitary LH concentrations, a reduction in hypothalamic LHRH content and histological changes within the pituitary and testes. Injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant into 3 other males caused no change in these parameters of reproductive function. This study has demonstrated the potent inhibitory effects of LHRH immunoneutralization on the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in M. mulatta.
A Class of Structured LDPC Codes Over GF(q) for Efficient Encoding (2007)

In this paper we present a class of structured LDPC codes over GF(q) which are suitable for efficient encoding. We derive the conditions under which the Phi matrix defined by Richardson & Urbanke in (2001) is an identity matrix over GF(q). If the parity-check matrix satisfies the derived conditions, the inversion of the Phi matrix can be removed in encoding process so that the computational complexity grows linearly with the code length. Simulation results show that efficiently encodable structured LDPC codes have no performance degradation due to the constraint on their design structure, compared with randomly constructed LDPC codes.
Chikungunya Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 Inhibits Type I/II Interferon-Stimulated JAK-STAT Signaling (2010)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging human pathogen transmitted by mosquitoes. Like that of other alphaviruses, CHIKV replication causes general host shutoff, leading to severe cytopathicity in mammalian cells, and inhibits the ability of infected cells to respond to interferon (IFN). Recent research, however, suggests that alphaviruses may have additional mechanisms to circumvent the host's antiviral IFN response. Here we show that CHIKV replication is resistant to inhibition by interferon once RNA replication has been established and that CHIKV actively suppresses the antiviral IFN response by preventing IFN-induced gene expression. Both CHIKV infection and CHIKV replicon RNA replication efficiently blocked STAT1 phosphorylation and/or nuclear translocation in mammalian cells induced by either type I or type II IFN. Expression of individual CHIKV nonstructural proteins (nsPs) showed that nsP2 was a potent inhibitor of IFN-induced JAK-STAT signaling. In addition, mutations in CHIKV-nsP2 (P718S) and Sindbis virus (SINV)-nsP2 (P726S) that render alphavirus replicons noncytopathic significantly reduced JAK-STAT inhibition. This host shutoff-independent inhibition of IFN signaling by CHIKV is likely to have an important role in viral pathogenesis.
<b>A Convenient Synthesis of 3-(1-Aminoalkyl)quinolin-2(1</b> <b><i>H</i></b> <b>)-one Derivatives</b> (2005)

Treatment of magnesium enolates of 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones with nitriles, followed by N-acetylation of the resulting vinylogous urea derivatives with acetic anhydride/pyridine and double bond migration with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.3.0]undec-7-ene, affords 3-[1-(acetylamino)alkyl]-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives in reasonable overall yields.
Enzymes in Food Processing: A Condensed Overview on Strategies for Better Biocatalysts (2010)

Food and feed is possibly the area where processing anchored in biological agents has the deepest roots. Despite this, process improvement or design and implementation of novel approaches has been consistently performed, and more so in recent years, where significant advances in enzyme engineering and biocatalyst design have fastened the pace of such developments. This paper aims to provide an updated and succinct overview on the applications of enzymes in the food sector, and of progresses made, namely, within the scope of tapping for more efficient biocatalysts, through screening, structural modification, and immobilization of enzymes. Targeted improvements aim at enzymes with enhanced thermal and operational stability, improved specific activity, modification of pH-activity profiles, and increased product specificity, among others. This has been mostly achieved through protein engineering and enzyme immobilization, along with improvements in screening. The latter has been considerably improved due to the implementation of high-throughput techniques, and due to developments in protein expression and microbial cell culture. Expanding screening to relatively unexplored environments (marine, temperature extreme environments) has also contributed to the identification and development of more efficient biocatalysts. Technological aspects are considered, but economic aspects are also briefly addressed.
DDSS: A Communication Middleware based on the DDS for Mobile and Pervasive Systems (2008)

This paper is an intermediate report on a progressive study of OMG DDS (Data Distribution Service), the data-centric publish-subscribe communication paradigm. The DDS has naturally distinct features such as asynchronous interaction, diverse QoS requirement and a dynamic discovery which are major factors of middleware infrastructure supporting mobile and pervasive applications. We propose a DDSS (Data Distribution and Storage Service) based on the DDS and persistent local data space with functional capability of dynamic reconfiguration. Data space is built on a main memory database system in order to provide high-performance and mobility support. DDSS aims at supporting applications enabling seamless service in heterogeneous, dynamically varying computing and communication environment.
Developments in New Aircraft Tire Tread Materials (1976)

Comparative laboratory and field tests were conducted on experimental and state-of-the-art aircraft tire tread materials in a program aimed at seeking new elastomeric materials which would provide improved aircraft tire tread wear, traction, and blowout resistance in the interests of operational safety and economy. The experimental stock was formulated of natural rubber and amorphous vinyl polybutadiene to provide high thermal-oxidative resistance, a characteristic pursued on the premise that thermal oxidation is involved both in the normal abrasion or wear of tire treads and probably in the chain of events leading to blowout failures. Results from the tests demonstrate that the experimental stock provided better heat buildup (hysteresis) and fatigue properties, at least equal wet and dry traction, and greater wear resistance than the state-of-the-art stock.
S.IM.PL Serialization: Type System Scopes Encapsulate Cross-Language, Multi-Format Information Binding (2012)

Representing data outside of and between programs is important in software that stores, shares, and manipulates information. Formats for representing information, varying from human-readable verbose (XML) to light-weight, concise (JSON), and non-human-readable formats (TLV) have been developed and used by applications based on their data and communication requirements. Writing correct programs that produce information represented in these formats is a difficult and time-consuming task, as developers must write repetitive, tedious code to map loosely-typed serialized data to strongly-typed program objects. We developed S.IM.PL Serialization, a cross-language multi-format information binding framework to relieve developers from the burdens associated with the serialization of strongly-typed data structures. We developed type system scopes, a means of encapsulating data types and binding semantics as a cross-language abstract semantics graph. In comparison to representing data binding semantics and information structure through external forms such as schemas, configuration files, and interface description languages, type system scopes can be automatically generated from declarations in a data binding annotation language, facilitating software engineering. Validation is based on use in research applications, a study of how computer science graduate students use the software to develop applications, and performance benchmarks. As a case study, we also examine the cross-language development of a Team Coordination (TeC) game.
GaInAsP/InP fast, high-radiance, 1.05-1.3-&#181;m wavelength LED's with efficient lens coupling to small numerical aperture Silica optical fibers (1979)

Power levels up to 100 µW have been launched from GaInAsP LED's with 14-µm-diameter emitting regions into low-loss small numerical aperture (NA) silica fibers at a dc drive level of only 25 mA. A maximum launch power of 206 µW at 100-mA dc was obtained from slightly larger devices. The high coupling efficiency was achieved using truncated spheres of Ti <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> :SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> glass as microlenses. Gains over the butt coupled case exceeded a factor of twelve for the small-area devices. The high operating current densities (2-20 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) for the small-area devices resulted in modulation bandwidths extending to beyond 300 MHz (-3 dB optical). The surface-emitting LED's showed an enhanced performance over edge-emitting LED's fabricated from similar material. Linewidths of the devices, which were prepared by liquid-phase epitaxy with step followed by ramp cooling, were approximately 3 kT. Even with the relatively broad linewidth, material dispersion limits in silica fibers exceeding 1 GHz . km around 1.3 µm are predicted. These devices are suitable for long-haul, wide-bandwidth fiber links operating in the 1.3-µm window.
Generation of Mono- and Bis-dioxiranes from 2,3-Butanedione (2006)

Biacetyl reacts with oxone to give bis-dioxirane [3,3'-dimethyl-3,3'-bidioxirane, 3B] and mono-dioxirane [1-(3-methyl-dioxiran-3-yl)ethanone, 3A)]. Bis-dioxirane 3B is formed when two oxygens are incorporated into biacetyl, while mono-dioxirane 3A incorporated only one. A greater stability is observed in 3B compared to 3A, which is attributed to an alpha-dioxiranyl (anomeric) effect in the former. In contrast, 3A suffers from a destabilizing pi-electron withdrawing effect from the adjacent carbonyl group.
Determination of Protein–Ligand Binding Constants of a Cooperatively Regulated Tetrameric Enzyme Using Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (2013)

This study highlights the benefits of nano electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS) as a fast and label-free method not only for determination of dissociation constants (KD) of a cooperatively regulated enzyme but also to better understand the mechanism of enzymatic cooperativity of multimeric proteins. We present an approach to investigate the allosteric mechanism in the binding of inhibitors to the homotetrameric enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), a potential therapeutic target for glucose control in type 2 diabetes. A series of inhibitors binding at an allosteric site of FBPase were investigated to determine their KDs by nanoESI-MS. The KDs determined by ESI-MS correlate very well with IC50 values in solution. The Hill coefficients derived from nanoESI-MS suggest positive cooperativity. From single-point measurements we could obtain information on relative potency, stoichiometry, conformational changes, and mechanism of cooperativity. A new X-ray crystal structure of FBPase tetramer binding ligand 3 in a 4:4 stoichiometry is also reported. NanoESI-MS-based results match the current understanding of the investigated system and are in agreement with the X-ray structural data, but provide additional mechanistic insight on the ligand binding, due to the better dynamic resolution. This method offers a powerful approach for studying other proteins with allosteric binding sites, as well.
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk. (1983)

ContentsForeword Roger K. Freeman, MD ... viiPreface Gerald G. Briggs, BPharm, FCCP ... ixIntroduction Sumner J. Yaffe, MD... xvInstructions for Use of the Reference Guide...xixMonographs ... 1-1615Appendix...1616Index...1633
Proteolytic activity from chicken intestine and pancreas: extraction, partial characterization and application for hyaluronic acid separation from chicken comb (2013)

The crude enzyme extract from chicken intestine and pancreas had high proteolytic activity and could be used successfully to separate HA from broiler combs. The method provides an appropriate means to add value to poultry-processing waste.
Biosynthesis and Properties of Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates from <i>Pseudomonas resinovorans</i> (2001)

In an effort to create new polymers, and provide additional outlets for animal fat and vegetable oil commodities, several triacylglycerols (TAGs) were studied as substrates for the bacterial production of medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) polymers (mcl-PHA) by Pseudomonas resinovorans. Polymer yields ranged from 40% to 60% of the cell dry weight depending on the substrate. Each of the PHA polymers was characterized with respect to molar mass (gel permeation chromatography), thermal properties (calorimetry), and repeat-unit composition (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry). Repeat-unit chain lengths ranged from C4 to C14 with varying amounts of side-chain unsaturation (double bonds). For example, PHA from coconut oil consisted almost entirely of saturated monomers, whereas PHA from soybean oil contained higher levels of unsaturated side-chains. Variation in repeat-unit composition resulted in polymers with properties ranging from elastomeric to adhesive-like. The presence of olefinic groups in the polymer side-chains allowed for radiation crosslinking which enhanced the tensile strength, flexibility, and Young's modulus of the polymer films.
In-vivo EEG recording using a wireless implantable neural transceiver (2004)

We have recorded continuous in-vivo EEG and single-unit electrical activity from un-tethered rodents using an inductively powered and implantable wireless neural recording device. The device uses an integrated circuit to amplify modulate and transmit neural signals. The IC transmits neural signals (15 /spl mu/V to 15 mV) at 3.2 GHz to a receiver located outside the environment of a behaving test animal with an input output correlation better than 90%. The design of the IC and the inductive powering are described.
Chromium-catalysed ethene trimerisation and tetramerisation—breaking the rules in olefin oligomerisation (2007)

The discovery of a new generation of highly active and selective ethene trimerisation and tetramerisation catalysts has radically changed the field of olefin oligomerisation. This Frontiers article gives an overview of these recent advances.
Vibration suppression control using a pattern generator for a robot driven by air actuators (2009)

For a communication robot like an android, air actuators are preferable because their elastic characteristics would reduce damages to the human or furnitures. However, due to the low controllability of the actuators and the complex structure, the robot makes undesirable motions such as vibrations. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a control method using a pattern generator and a reinforcement learning algorithm. We applied our method to the control of a 3-DOF robot, and the experimental result in simulation showed that undesirable vibrations can be suppressed by our method.
Noninvasive Renal Function Assessment by Fluorescence Detection (1998)

An in vivo fluorescence detection apparatus was employed to monitor exogenous dye clearance from the vasculature in an animal model. Renally excreted dyes were developed to assess kidney function.
Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/Cu nanoparticle composites and their tribological properties (2013)

The reduced graphene oxide/Cu nanoparticle (RGO–Cu NP) composites were synthesized by a facile and effective chemical reduction method. The morphology and structure of the RGO–Cu NP composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier trans form-infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that Cu nanoparticles (Cu NPs) were well distributed on RGO nanosheets with an average diameter of 20 nm. The performance of the RGO–Cu NP composites as a lubricating oil additive was investigated by employing a ball–plate tribotester. It showed improved wear resistance and load-carrying capacity over those in the oil with RGO nanosheets. Scanning electron microscopy performed to analyze the wear scar surfaces after friction confirmed that the outstanding lubrication performance of composites could be attributed to their extremely thin laminated structure and the synergistic effect mechanism of RGO–Cu NP composites in base oil.
Human monocyte, lymphocyte, and granulocyte antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward tumor cells. I. General characteristics of cytolysis. (1979)

Previous investigations of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by human leukocytes indicated that lymphocytes and granulocytes, but not monocytes, lysed tumor cell targets. We have recently shown that monocytes, too, can carry out ADCC toward at least three allogeneic tumor cell lines. This paper examines the characteristics of ADCC by all three Fc receptor-bearing human leukocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes) toward the same antibody-coated 51 Cr-labeled tumor target cells. For each leukocyte effector, ADCC was found to be temperature dependent and rapid, with most target cell lysis occurring within 4 hr of incubation. The extent of target cell destruction was positively related to the effector cell/target cell ratio and to the degree of antibody sensitization of the target cells. ADCC was clearly antibody dependent since the cytotoxic event did not involve nonantibody-coated “innocent bystander” target cells and was inhibited by staphylococcal Protein A and nonspecific monomeric immunoglobulin. Granulocyte ADCC required considerably larger amounts of target cell-bound antibody than did ADCC by lymphocytes and monocytes. Conversely, larger amounts of monomeric immunoglobulin were required to inhibit granulocyte ADCC as compared to monocyte and lymphocyte ADCC in experiments utilizing identical antibody-coated target cells. In innocent by-stander experiments, no evidence for a soluble mediator of target cell lysis was found for any of the effector leukocytes. We suggest that this experimental system which involves three Fc receptor-bearing human leukocyte populations and identical antibody-coated target cell preparations provides a new and unique method for studying this cell-mediated cytotoxic event.
Investigation of oxidation mechanism for ohmic formation in Ni/Au contacts to <i>p</i>-type GaN layers (2001)

To investigate the function and mechanisms of oxidation, we present the ohmic performances for Ni/Au contacts to p-type GaN treated with various conditions. When the p-type GaN sample was preoxidized at 750 °C for 30 min in air ambient and then treated with (NH4)2Sx solution, we routinely obtained a specific contact resistance of 4.5×10−6 Ω cm2 for the Ni/Au contacts to samples alloyed at 500 °C for 10 min in air ambient. The fact that, in this configuration, ohmic performance improved one order of magnitude [compared with (NH4)2Sx surface treatment], is attributable to the strengthened formation of GaOx (aided by the preoxidation process), as well as the fact that more holes were induced on the oxidation-free p-type GaN surface.
T regulatory cells control T‐cell proliferation partly by the release of soluble CD25 in patients with B‐cell malignancies (2010)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the most studied cytokines driving T-cell proliferation, activation and survival. It binds to the IL-2 receptor consisting of three chains, the α (CD25), β and common γ (γc). The binding of the CD25 chain to IL-2 is necessary to expose high-affinity binding sites for the β and γc chains, which, in turn, are responsible for downstream signalling. A high level of soluble CD25 (sCD25) has been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The function and source of origin of this soluble receptor is not well investigated. In the present study we hypothesized that T regulatory (Treg) cells may release CD25 to act as a decoy receptor for IL-2, thereby depriving T-effector cells of IL-2. Peripheral blood from patients with B-cell malignancies (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 27) was investigated for the presence and function of FoxP3(+) Treg cells and sCD25 by multi-colour flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, the proliferative capacity of T cells was evaluated with or without the presence of recombinant sCD25. The results demonstrate that Treg cells from patients had lower CD25 expression intensity and that they released CD25 in vitro. Further, high levels of Treg cells correlated with sCD25 plasma concentration. Recombinant sCD25 could suppress T-cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, the release of sCD25 by Treg cells may be a mechanism to deprive IL-2 and thereby inhibit anti-tumour T-cell responses.