gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incentive-compatible, budget-balanced, yet highly efficient auctions for supply chain formation (2003)

Engineering automated negotiation across the supply chain is a central research challenge for the important problem of supply chain formation. The difficult problem of designing negotiation strategies is greatly simplified if the negotiation mechanism is incentive compatible, in which case the agents' dominant strategy is to simply report their private information truthfully. Unfortunately, with two-sided negotiation it is impossible to simultaneously achieve perfect efficiency, budget balance, and individual rationality with incentive compatibility. This bears directly on the mechanism design problem for supply chain formation---the problem of designing auctions to coordinate the buying and selling of goods in multiple markets across a supply chain. We introduce incentive compatible, budget balanced, and individually rational auctions for supply chain formation inspired by previous work of Babaioff and Nisan, but extended to a broader class of supply chain topologies. The auctions explicitly discard profitable trades, thus giving up perfect efficiency to maintain budget balance and individual rationality. We use a novel payment rule analogous to Vickrey-Clarke-Groves payments, but adapted to our allocation rule. The first auction we present is incentive compatible when each agent desires only a single bundle of goods, the auction correctly knows all agents' bundles of interest, but the monetary valuations are private to the agents. We introduce extensions to maintain incentive compatibility when the auction does not know the agents' bundles of interest. We establish a good worst case bound on efficiency when the bundles of interest are known, which also applies in some cases when the bundles are not known. Our auctions produce higher efficiency for a broader class of supply chains than any other incentive compatible, individually rational , and budget-balanced auction we are aware of.
Question answering via integer programming over semi-structured knowledge (2016)

Answering science questions posed in natural language is an important AI challenge. Answering such questions often requires non-trivial inference and knowledge that goes beyond factoid retrieval. Yet, most systems for this task are based on relatively shallow Information Retrieval (IR) and statistical correlation techniques operating on large unstructured corpora. We propose a structured inference system for this task, formulated as an Integer Linear Program (ILP), that answers natural language questions using a semi-structured knowledge base derived from text, including questions requiring multi-step inference and a combination of multiple facts. On a dataset of real, unseen science questions, our system significantly outperforms (+14%) the best previous attempt at structured reasoning for this task, which used Markov Logic Networks (MLNs). It also improves upon a previous ILP formulation by 17.7%. When combined with unstructured inference methods, the ILP system significantly boosts overall performance (+10%). Finally, we show our approach is substantially more robust to a simple answer perturbation compared to statistical correlation methods.
Treatment and Prevention of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Experimental Biomaterial-Associated Infection by Bactericidal Peptide 2 (2006)

Biomaterial-associated infections (BAI) are the major cause of failure of indwelling medical devices and are predominantly caused by staphylococci, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis. We investigated the in vitro microbicidal activity of the synthetic antimicrobial peptide bactericidal peptide 2 (BP2) and its efficacy in a murine model of S. epidermidis BAI. BP2 showed potent microbicidal activity at micromolar concentrations against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The staphylocidal activity of BP2 was not affected by physiological salt concentrations and was only slightly affected by the presence of human plasma. In the BAI model, injection of BP2 (5 mg/kg of body weight) 1 h after challenge with S. epidermidis resulted in an 80% reduction in the number of culture-positive implants and a 100-fold reduction in survival of S. epidermidis in peri-implant tissue at 24 h postchallenge. When BP2 was injected along implants 3 h prior to bacterial challenge, the median numbers of CFU cultured from biomaterial implants and peri-implant tissue were reduced by 85% and 90%, respectively. In conclusion, BP2 has potent, broad-spectrum in vitro microbicidal activity and showed potent in vivo activity in a murine model of S. epidermidis biomaterial-associated infection.
Application of Near-Field Microwave and Millimeter Wave Nondestructive Testing for Evaluation of Fiber Breakage and Orientation Evaluation in CFRP Composite Patches (2005)

Near‐field microwave and millimeter wave nondestructive testing and evaluation techniques have been successfully used for detecting defects such as disbond and delamination in complex composite structures. This paper presents the results of fiber breakage detection and fiber orientation determination in carbon fiber reinforced polymer patches which are used in aerospace industry and civil infrastructure.
Hip Arthroscopy for Labral Pathology: Prospective Analysis With 10‐Year Follow‐up (2009)

Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Genotypic selection of mutated DNA sequences using mismatch cleavage analysis, a possible basis for novel mutation assays (1997)

A novel technique for the selection of mutated DNA sequences, termed mismatch cleavage-polymerase chain reaction (MC-PCR), is proposed. The method is based on hybridizing genomic DNA with a suitable probe, several 100 bp long. Mutated DNA sequences will form mismatched heteroduplexes which are cleaved by using resolvases. Cleaved heteroduplexes are detected by ligation to an oligonucleotide adaptor and then amplified by using PCR. If practical, this technique would have considerable advantages over the restriction site mutation (RSM) method. Failure to achieve cleavage efficiencies of close to 100% will not compromise success. This is because positive signals (PCR amplification) arise from cleaved mutated sites and not, as in RSM, from DNA sequences resistant to cleavage by restriction endonucleases. Furthermore, the mutational target is much larger than in RSM. It would be possible to screen stretches of DNA several 100 bp in length for mutations. Any mutation, independent of its location, could be identified. The usefulness of MC-PCR for the genotypic selection of mutants will depend on the effectiveness with which a small number of mismatched heteroduplexes can be recognized, cleaved and ligated.
Interprocedural modification side effect analysis with pointer aliasing (1993)

We present a new interprocedural modification side effects algorithm for C programs, that can discern side effects through general-purpose pointer usage. Ours is the first complete design and implementation of such an algorithm. Preliminary performance findings support the practicality of the technique, which is based on our previous approximation algorithm for pointer aliases [LR92]. Each indirect store through a pointer variable is found, on average, to correspond to a store into 1.2 locations. This indicates that our program-point-specific pointer aliasing information is quite precise when used to determine the effects of these stores.
Sintering of synthesized sialon powders. (1985)

合成したサイアロン粉末の焼結性を化学組成の近いSi3N4-Al2O3-AlN系混合物と比較した. ホットプレス下で1750℃まで昇温した結果, 合成サイアロンの方が50°-100℃低温でち密化することが分った. 1730℃で1時間常圧焼結すると合成サイアロンは到達密度は混合物系より低いが, 理論値の98%以上に達し, かつより均一な微構造であった. 破壊靱性値はほぼ同じであるが, 硬度は合成粉末から得た焼結体の方が高かった.
Fiber-optical parametric amplifier with 70-dB gain (2006)

A record optical fiber gain of 70 dB was obtained in a continuous-wave pumped fiber-optical parametric amplifier. Limitations due to saturation effects from amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and due to stimulated Brillouin scattering in this unidirectional amplifier are discussed. The spectral density of ASE was up to 180 mW/nm in agreement with theoretical expectations, illustrating the possible use as a high brightness optical noise source
TCR activation kinetics and feedback regulation in primary human T cells (2013)

In summary, our analysis documents TCR signaling kinetics and feedback regulation under conditions of stimulation inducing either unresponsiveness or proliferation.
Comparative Visualization for Parameter Studies of Dataset Series (2010)

This paper proposes comparison and visualization techniques to carry out parameter studies for the special application area of dimensional measurement using 3D X-ray computed tomography (3DCT). A dataset series is generated by scanning a specimen multiple times by varying parameters of an industrial 3DCT device. A high-resolution series is explored using our planar-reformatting-based visualization system. We present a novel multi-image view and an edge explorer for comparing and visualizing gray values and edges of several datasets simultaneously. Visualization results and quantitative data are displayed side by side. Our technique is scalable and generic. It can be effective in various application areas like parameter studies of imaging modalities and dataset artifact detection. For fast data retrieval and convenient usability, we use bricking of the datasets and efficient data structures. We evaluate the applicability of the proposed techniques in collaboration with our company partners.
Twist grain boundary states in non-chiral smectogen-chiral dopant (1997)

The liquid crystalline systems studied consisted of non-chiral mesomorphic esters [the eutectic mixture of 4-n-hexyloxyphenyl 4-n-octyloxybenzoate and 4-n-octyloxyphenyl 4-n-hexyloxybenzoate] and structurally similar chiral dopants (N-arylidene derivatives of S-1-phenyl- and S- 1-benzyl-ethylamine). Twist grain boundary phases occur between the cholesteric and smectic C* or smectic A phases in all the investigated systems. The different structures of these TGB phases (TGBA and TGBC) are proved by small angle X-ray scattering and textural studies. The concentration and temperature ranges of the TGB phases are defined by the twisting power of the chiral dopants and their own mesomorphic peculiarities. The experimental dependences of TGB phase temperature range on cholesteric helical twist are influenced by a ratio change of the optically active and racemic forms of the dopant at a constant total concentration. The results obtained are discussed within Renn's theory.
Information transfer at multiple scales (2007)

In the study of complex systems a fundamental issue is the mapping of the networks of interaction between constituent subsystems of a complex system or between multiple complex systems. Such networks define the web of dependencies and patterns of continuous and dynamic coupling between the system's elements characterized by directed flow of information spanning multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here, we propose a wavelet-based extension of transfer entropy to measure directional transfer of information between coupled systems at multiple time scales and demonstrate its effectiveness by studying (a) three artificial maps, (b) physiological recordings, and (c) the time series recorded from a chaos-controlled simulated robot. Limitations and potential extensions of the proposed method are discussed.
Database of Optimized Proteomic Quantitative Methods for Human Drug Disposition‐Related Proteins for Applications in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling (2017)

The purpose of this study was to create an open access repository of validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) methods for quantifying 284 important proteins associated with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Various in silico and experimental approaches were used to select surrogate peptides and optimize instrument parameters for LC-MS/MS quantification of the selected proteins. The final methods were uploaded to an online public database (QPrOmics; www.qpromics.uw.edu/qpromics/assay/), which provides essential information for facile method development in triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) instruments. To validate the utility of the methods, the differential tissue expression of 107 key ADME proteins was characterized in the tryptic digests of the pooled subcellular fractions of human liver, kidneys, intestines, and lungs. These methods and the data are critical for development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to predict xenobiotic disposition.
Simulation of Spaceborne Microwave Radiometer Measurements of Snow Cover Using <i>In Situ</i> Data and Brightness Temperature Modeling (2009)

The Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) snow emission model is used to calculate the time series of brightness temperature of snow-covered sparsely forested area for the winter 2006-2007. Brightness temperature simulations that apply in situ observed physical parameters as input are compared with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) observations. Three models for the extinction coefficient of snow and the statistical and physical atmospheric models are compared. Simulation results are presented with full in situ data set and only air temperature and snow depth (SD) as input data. The obtained results indicate that the extinction coefficient model of Hallikainen originally used with the HUT snow emission model is the best suited for the Finnish snow data set used in this paper and also on frequencies which are outside the original range of the extinction coefficient model. The simulation results obtained using only air temperature and SD input data show that the HUT snow model is quite reliable even with a minimal in situ data set. A time series of optimized grain sizes was calculated by minimizing the simulation error. The optimized grain size tended to saturate with large values, and therefore, a new model to calculate an effective grain size was developed. The simulation with the effective grain size as input has lower rms error and higher correlation with AMSR-E data than the simulation with the measured grain size.
Potentially Heptadentate Ligands Derived from Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine(tren) (1979)

Abstract Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine condenses with salicylaldehyde and its substituted analogs in a 1:3 molar ratio to form Schiff bases which are potentially tribasic heptadentate ligands. The characterization of Cr(III), Fe(III), and La(III) complexes with one of these new ligands, tris(3,5-dichlorosalicylidene-2-iminoethyl)amine (H33,5-Cl2 Saltren), is also described.
Measurement of Carotid Wall Volume and Maximum Area with Contrast-enhanced 3D MR Imaging: Initial Observations (2003)

Postcontrast 3D MR imaging may be useful in the measurement of carotid artery plaque burden.
Vacuolin-1 potently and reversibly inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion by activating RAB5A (2014)

Autophagy is a catabolic lysosomal degradation process essential for cellular homeostasis and cell survival. Dysfunctional autophagy has been associated with a wide range of human diseases, e.g., cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. A large number of small molecules that modulate autophagy have been widely used to dissect this process and some of them, e.g., chloroquine (CQ), might be ultimately applied to treat a variety of autophagy-associated human diseases. Here we found that vacuolin-1 potently and reversibly inhibited the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in mammalian cells, thereby inducing the accumulation of autophagosomes. Interestingly, vacuolin-1 was less toxic but at least 10-fold more potent in inhibiting autophagy compared with CQ. Vacuolin-1 treatment also blocked the fusion between endosomes and lysosomes, resulting in a defect in general endosomal-lysosomal degradation. Treatment of cells with vacuolin-1 alkalinized lysosomal pH and decreased lysosomal Ca(2+) content. Besides marginally inhibiting vacuolar ATPase activity, vacuolin-1 treatment markedly activated RAB5A GTPase activity. Expression of a dominant negative mutant of RAB5A or RAB5A knockdown significantly inhibited vacuolin-1-induced autophagosome-lysosome fusion blockage, whereas expression of a constitutive active form of RAB5A suppressed autophagosome-lysosome fusion. These data suggest that vacuolin-1 activates RAB5A to block autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Vacuolin-1 and its analogs present a novel class of drug that can potently and reversibly modulate autophagy.
Nanomolar-Potency Small Molecule Inhibitor of STAT5 Protein (2014)

We herein report the design and synthesis of the first nanomolar binding inhibitor of STAT5 protein. Lead compound <b>13a</b>, possessing a phosphotyrosyl-mimicking salicylic acid group, potently and selectively binds to STAT5 over STAT3, inhibits STAT5-SH2 domain complexation events <i>in vitro</i>, silences activated STAT5 in leukemic cells, as well as STAT5's downstream transcriptional targets, including <i>MYC</i> and <i>MCL1</i>, and, as a result, leads to apoptosis. We believe <b>13a</b> represents a useful probe for interrogating STAT5 function in cells as well as being a potential candidate for advanced preclinical trials.
The dnaK protein of Escherichia coli possesses an ATPase and autophosphorylating activity and is essential in an in vitro DNA replication system. (1983)

The Escherichia coli dnaK gene product, originally defined by mutations that blocked lambda phage DNA replication, is known to be necessary for E. coli viability. We have purified dnaK protein to homogeneity and have demonstrated that it possesses a weak DNA-independent ATPase activity, which results in the production of ADP and Pi. The proof that this ATPase activity is encoded by the dnaK+ gene relies primarily on the fact that the dnaK756 mutation results in the production of an ATPase activity with altered physical properties. The dnaK protein is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo, probably as a result of an autophosphorylation reaction. The lambda O and P replication proteins were shown to interact in vitro with the dnaK protein. The ATPase activity of the dnaK protein was inhibited by purified lambda P protein and stimulated by purified lambda O protein. Moreover, the dnaK protein participates in the initiation of DNA synthesis in an in vitro DNA replication system that is dependent on the O and P proteins. Anti-dnaK protein immunoglobulin specifically inhibited DNA synthesis in this system.
Dietary Intakes of Female and Male Combat Support Hospital Personnel Subsisting on Meal-Focused or Standard Versions of the Meal, Ready-to-Eat (2002)

This study investigated gender differences in nutrient intake and energy expenditure of combat support hospital personnel during a field training exercise, as well as evaluated a test ration which was slightly higher in carbohydrate and lower in fat than standard MREs and included items being considered for future MREs. Women consumed less energy than men (p<0.01) from both the Concept ration (mean +/- SD: 2092 +/- 570 kcal/d vs. 2678 +/- 516 kcal/d for women and men, respectively) and MRE XVII (1818 +/- 492 kcal/d vs. 2396 +/- 678 kcal/d, respectively). Energy expenditures of the female and male volunteers measured by doubly-labeled water were 2745 +/- 87 kcal/d and 3956 +/- 243 kcal/d (mean +/- SE), respectively, suggesting a significant energy deficit. However, there were no gender difference in energy intakes (31 +/- 9 kcal/kg for women vs. 31 +/- 10 kcal/kg for men) or energy expenditures (44.9 +/- 1.5 kcal/kg for women vs. 45.5 +/- 2.3 kcal/kg for men) when normalized for body weight. When intakes of nutrients were normalized for energy intake or body size, there were very few gender differences. Primarily because women consumed less energy than men, greater proportions of women than men (p<0.01) failed to meet intake criteria for folate, vitamins B6 and B12, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc. The Concept ration did enhance energy and carbohydrate intakes; however, protein intakes in the Concept group were marginally adequate. Thus, the nutrient densities of the field rations tested are not adequate at the levels of energy intake observed in these women (and some men), suggesting that supplementation or further fortification of ration components should be investigated. Efforts to enhance carbohydrate intakes in operational settings will need to ensure that protein intakes are not compromised.
Antiviral treatment normalizes neurophysiological but not movement abnormalities in simian immunodeficiency virus–infected monkeys (2000)

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus monkeys provides an excellent model of the central nervous system (CNS) consequences of HIV infection. To discern the relationship between viral load and abnormalities induced in the CNS by the virus, we infected animals with SIV and later instituted antiviral treatment to lower peripheral viral load. Measurement of sensory-evoked potentials, assessing CNS neuronal circuitry, revealed delayed latencies after infection that could be reversed by lowering viral load. Cessation of treatment led to the reappearance of these abnormalities. In contrast, the decline in general motor activity induced by SIV infection was unaffected by antiviral treatment. An acute increase in the level of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) relative to plasma in the infected animals at the peak of acute viremia, likely contributing to an early influx of immune cells into the CNS. Examination of the brains of the infected animals after return of the electrophysiological abnormalities revealed diverse viral and inflammatory findings. Although some of the physiological abnormalities resulting from SIV infection can be at least temporarily reversed by lowering viral load, the viral-host interactions initiated by infection may result in long-lasting changes in CNS-mediated functions.
Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease profile in patients homozygous for the PRNP E200K mutation (2000)

We identified 70 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients with the previously described E200K mutation in the prion protein gene. The purpose of this study was to define the clinical features of E200K homozygous patients (n = 5), compared with heterozygotes. We found a statistically significant younger age at disease onset for the homozygous patients, although the average age at onset in this group was still in midlife. Disease features were not statistically different in the two groups. Possible explanations are discussed. Ann Neurol 2000;47:257–260
Frequency domain echo canceflation for discrete multitone systems (2005)

In this paper, we propose a low complexity echo canceller design, where the echo interference is estimated and subtracted in the frequency domain. The symbol-based operation minimizes the computational load without sacrificing performance. The scalability of the architecture makes it suitable for both echo cancellation (EC) mode and frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) mode ADSL.
Automatic tuning of PID controllers using model reference adaptive control techniques (2002)

This paper discusses the application of model reference adaptive control concepts to the automatic tuning of PID controllers. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown through simulated applications. The gradient approach and simulated examples are provided.