gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drag Reduction Using Riblet Film Applied to Airfoils for Wind Turbines (2011)

sections of the airfoil in order to determine the optimal riblet location in terms of drag reduction. Results showed that the magnitude of drag reduction depended on the angle of attack, Reynolds number, riblet size, and riblet location. For some congurations, riblets produced signicant drag reduction of up to 5%, while for others riblets were detrimental. Trends in the results indicated an optimum riblet size of 62- m for the range of Reynolds numbers at which tests were conducted. The airfoil chord was 18 in (0.457 m). Results also showed that each riblet size performed best at a given Reynolds number with the optimal Reynolds number decreasing with an increase in riblet size.
A Field Model for Repairing 3D Shapes (2016)

This paper proposes a field model for repairing 3D shapes constructed from multi-view RGB data. Specifically, we represent a 3D shape in a Markov random field (MRF) in which the geometric information is encoded by random binary variables and the appearance information is retrieved from a set of RGB images captured at multiple viewpoints. The local priors in the MRF model capture the local structures of object shapes and are learnt from 3D shape templates using a convolutional deep belief network. Repairing a 3D shape is formulated as the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation in the corresponding MRF. Variational mean field approximation technique is adopted for the MAP estimation. The proposed method was evaluated on both artificial data and real data obtained from reconstruction of practical scenes. Experimental results have shown the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method in repairing noisy and incomplete 3D shapes.
Immunomagnetic purging of breast cancer from bone marrow for autologous transplantation. (1991)

Intensive chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation is a promising approach for the treatment of breast cancer, provided that clonogenic tumor cells do not contaminate the patient's bone marrow. We have previously demonstrated that a combination of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) and immunomagnetic purging (IMP) with monoclonal antibodies and microspheres could remove 4-5 logs of clonogenic breast cancer cells from a 10-fold excess of human bone marrow cells. In the present report we have evaluated an apparatus for separating tumor cells from a large volume of human marrow. This apparatus will permit preparation of large volumes of purged marrow for use in studies of intensive therapy with autologous marrow support. Bone marrow progenitor cell (CFU-GM) recovery following this IMP technique was 85% of the unpurged control, and suggests that marrow recovery following high dose systemic chemotherapy will not be adversely affected. A phase I study to evaluate marrow reconstitution following IMP is underway. Preliminary data suggest that this IMP method will not delay engraftment in breast cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow support, but further study is required.
Multiresolution image segmentation (2002)

In this paper we present a new algorithm for segmentation of noisy or textured images using a multiresolution Bayesian approach. Our algorithm is different from previously proposed multiresolution segmentation techniques in that we use a multiresolution Gaussian autoregressive (AR) model for the pyramid representation of the observed image. Our algorithm also approximates the "maximization of the posterior marginals" (MPM) estimate of the pixel class labels at each resolution, from coarsest to finest, unlike previously proposed techniques, which have been based on MAP estimation. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the new algorithm.
Barium block of Kir2 and human cardiac inward rectifier currents: evidence for subunit-heteromeric contribution to native currents (2003)

Co-injection of Kir2 subunits results in currents with Ba(2+) blocking properties different from homomeric Kir2 expression but similar to cardiac I(K1). These observations suggest that a substantial proportion of native I(K1) may result from heteromultimer formation among diverse Kir2 family subunits.
Electrically pumped room temperature CW-VCSELs with emission wavelength of 2 µm (2003)

Continuous-wave operation of an electrically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with an emission wavelength of 2.01 µm employing a heavily strained active region is reported.
Open-Loop Planning in Large-Scale Stochastic Domains (2013)

We focus on effective sample-based planning in the face of underactuation, high-dimensionality, drift, discrete system changes, and stochasticity. These are hallmark challenges for important problems, such as humanoid locomotion. In order to ensure broad applicability, we assume domain expertise is minimal and limited to a generative model. In order to make the method responsive, computational costs that scale linearly with the amount of samples taken from the generative model are required. We bring to bear a concrete method that satisfies all these requirements; it is a receding-horizon open-loop planner that employs cross-entropy optimization for policy construction. In simulation, we empirically demonstrate near-optimal decisions in a small domain and effective locomotion in several challenging humanoid control tasks.
[Biology of prostaglandins with reference to therapeutic aspects]. (1975)

Prostaglandins are highly potent derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids with multiple biological activities. They are synthesized and metabolized in almost all tissues studied so far. The E- und F-type prostaglandins may be regarded as local modulators of hormonal effects on cell function and--in some cases (kidney, uterus-corpus luteum)--as regional or tissue hormones. Thus they seem to be involved in the regulation of neurotransmission, kidney function, triglyceride metabolism in adipose tissue and progesterone biosynthesis. Apart from their influence on renal blood flow prostaglandins of the A-type possibly have an additional function as circulatory hormones regulating blood pressure. Second messenger-systems (cAMP, Ca++-cGMP) which mediate the effects of most non-steroidal hormones are also involved in the action of prostaglandins, at least of the E-and F-types. Disturbances in prostaglandin metabolism (increased or decreased biosynthesis) are discussed to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, pain, fever, hypertension, bronchial asthma and gastric or duodenal ulcer formation. Drugs with antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity have been shown to be potent inhibitors of prostaglandin formation. The correlation of a local prostaglandin deficit or the therapeutic use of single effects of prostaglandins by administration of exogenous compounds (natural prostaglandins or modified derivatives) has so long been less satisfactory because of their large number of biological actions which lead to undesired side effects. Extensive experience have been obtained in the successful induction of therapeutic abortion. This effect is based on the stimulatory action of E- and F-type prostaglandins on the smooth muscles of the pregnant uterus which is resistent to the influence of other stimuli, e. g. oxytocin. Here the incidence of side effects could be reduced by local administration of low doses of prostaglandins into the uterine cavity. A general improvement of the therapeutic usefulness of prostaglandins will however only be achieved, if modified derivatives with more specific actions on the desired "target" tissues are available.
Control of Active Suspension with Parameter Uncertainty and Non-White Road Unevenness Disturbance Input (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Filtering the road unevenness, i.e. comfortable ride for passengers, and vibration and shock isolation for freight, is one of the main thrusts behind the development of active and semi-active suspensions. For control of these systems, a variety of different schemes, mainly from the linear stochastic control area, have been proposed by researchers: and 1/4-car active and semi-active suspension models are used to simulate these schemes. Besides the main input an exogenous input is also considered, namely a velocity disturbance originating from the road unevenness.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In most of the literature in this area, this disturbance is considered as white noise, which it hardly is. This a-priori statistical description of the disturbances, is necessary for using stochastic control techniques. In this paper, a comparison of some of these control schemes is performed. The performance and the stability of the controllers are observed, when the assumptions, on which the controller design is based, are not met.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">More promising trends to control these systems are taking approaches that have been developed in recent years for control of so-called uncertain dynamical systems, i.e. robust control; among them is LQG/LTR. The paper continues with discussing this controller, and introduces the idea of the matching condition on the input disturbances. It turns out that the LQG/LTR control scheme enhances the stability robustness of the system, but at the same time deteriorates the system performance if the matching condition is not met.</div>
Rate and pattern of epithelial cell proliferation in ulcerative colitis. (1981)

We investigated the pattern of proliferation of epithelial cells in rectal mucosa taken from normal individuals and patients with ulcerative colitis by incubating mucosa with tritiated thymidine in vitro and processing for autoradiography. We found that patients with ulcerative colitis in remission showed a proliferative pattern similar to that seen in both regenerating and "precancerous' mucosa. Patients with a short history were as likely to show this pattern as those with a long history, and this shows that the abnormal pattern does not signify impending malignant change. We also found that mucosa from patients with ulcerative colitis in remission showed an increased proportion of cells synthesising DNA, a proportion surprisingly close to that seen in an active phase; this suggests that the abnormal pattern seen in remission is the pattern of a regenerating mucosa. We feel that this high rate of mucosal turnover, sustained not just during clinically active disease but throughout remission, leads to the increased incidence of carcinoma and to the development of carcinoma in flat mucosa.
Low-voltage wideband compact CMOS variable gain amplifier (2005)

A novel low-voltage wideband CMOS variable gain amplifier (VGA) is proposed. Using a 0.13 µm CMOS technology, the VGA exhibits a linear-dB controllable gain range of 40 dB with a bandwidth in excess of 130 MHz, while drawing only 50 µA from a single 1 V power supply voltage.
Crack propagation in lap shear joints (1975)

A theory has been developed to explain crack propagation through a long elastic lap joint held under constant load. Verification of the theory has been achieved by direct observation of cracks through lap joints made from smooth, transparent rubber strips pressed together to give reproducible autohesion. Lap-joint strength was found to depend in the theoretically predicted manner on the adhesive energy of the bonded surfaces, measured by peeling tests, and on the thickness, width and elastic modulus of the adherend sheets. Application of these results to the design of practical lap joints has been discussed.
Exploiting correlation in stochastic circuit design (2013)

Stochastic computing (SC) is a re-emerging computing paradigm which enables ultra-low power and massive parallelism in important applications like real-time image processing. It is characterized by its use of pseudo-random numbers implemented by 0-1 sequences called stochastic numbers (SNs) and interpreted as probabilities. Accuracy is usually assumed to depend on the interacting SNs being highly independent or uncorrelated in a loosely specified way. This paper introduces a new and rigorous SC correlation (SCC) measure for SNs, and shows that, contrary to intuition, correlation can be exploited as a resource in SC design. We propose a general framework for analyzing and designing combinational circuits with correlated inputs, and demonstrate that such circuits can be significantly more efficient and more accurate than traditional SC circuits. We also provide a method of analyzing stochastic sequential circuits, which tend to have inherently correlated state variables and have proven very hard to analyze.
The international economy since 1950 (2010)

This text is widely acknowledged to be the best available introduction to the study of the international economy as a mechanism for diffusing modern economic growth between nations. Updating the story to the present day, this edition covers the latest developments in international economics. Significant new additions include: * globalization and the world economy* the growth of regional trading blocs* globalization and financial crisis in Asia* transition to the market in post-communist economies Packed with new references and data, The Growth of the International Economy is an indispensable guide to the world economy as it enters the new millennium.
Aluminum Encapsulated APG High Conductivity Thermal Doubler (2008)

GST (Northrop Grumman Space Technology) has been developing and qualifying a high thermal conductivity thermal doubler to enhance high efficiency spacecraft equipment panel radiator heat rejection. Thermal doublers are high conductivity heat spreaders typically used in spacecraft applications to reduce electronic units operating temperatures, especially where the power dissipated per unit area by the electronics unit is excessively high (> 1 W/in). A typical low technology solution is the use of aluminum or graphite slabs (inserted between the unit and heat sink or radiator to space), for aluminum and graphite spacecraft equipment panels, respectively. The thermal doubler tested and reported in this paper is a hybrid material, composed of a core of very high thermal conductivity APG (annealed pyrolytic graphite) manufactured and patented by K-Technology which is then encapsulated within a structural aluminum shell (top and bottom layers, plus edge and central beams and via’s/buttons for structural support). The high conductivity APG material used in K-Technologies products is a unique form of pyrolytic graphite manufactured by the decomposition of a hydrocarbon gas in a high vacuum furnace (by Chemical Vapor Deposition CVD).
Objective Quality Assessment of Wideband Speech Coding (2005)

Recently, wideband speech communication using 7 kHz-wideband speech coding, as described in ITU-T Recommendations G.722, G.722.1, and G.722.2, has become increasingly necessary for use in advanced IP telephony using PCs, since, for this application, hands-free communication using separate microphones and loudspeakers is indispensable, and in this situation wideband speech is particularly helpful in enhancing the naturalness of communication. An objective quality measurement methodology for wideband-speech coding has been studied, its essential components being an objective quality measure and an input test signal. This paper describes Wideband-PESQ conforming to the draft Annex to ITU-T Recommendation P.862, Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ), as the objective quality measure, by evaluating the consistency between the subjectively evaluated MOS (Mean Opinion Score) and objectively estimated MOS. This paper also describes the verification of artificial voice conforming to Recommendation P.50 Artificial Voices, as the input test signal for such measurements, by evaluating the consistency between the objectively estimated MOS using a real voice and that obtained using an artificial voice.
Trusted Geolocation in the Cloud: Proof of Concept Implementation (2015)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical, and physical standards and guidelines
The Influence of Variance in Learner Answers on Automatic Content Scoring (2019)

Automatic content scoring is an important application in the area of automatic educational assessment. Short texts written by learners are scored based on their content while spelling and grammar mistakes are usually ignored. The difficulty of automatically scoring such texts varies with the variance within the learner answers. In this paper, we first discuss factors that influence variance in learner answers, so that practitioners can better estimate if automatic scoring might be applicable to their usage scenario. We then compare the two main paradigms in content scoring: (i) similarity-based and (ii) instance-based methods, and discuss how well they can deal with each of the variance-inducing factors described before.
Influence of surface nanostructure on the extent of colonization and cell viability of E. coli and S. aureus (2008)

In this work, we have investigated the effect of nanostructured surfaces on the attachment and viability of two bacterial species of medical relevance. Surfaces having squares, channels and dots in the nano size range with intermittent hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity showed complex effects on both live and dead E. coli cells. Nevertheless the behaviour of S. aureus was found to be less modulated by the surface properties. The square structures had promising repellent effect on both live and dead E. coli species while S. aureus populated these surfaces very well. On dot nanostructures the population by E. coli was considerably higher than on the surrounding spaces while the distribution of S. aureus cells remained uniform on both structured and unstructured areas. When the bacteria were applied to surfaces with channels, live E. coli cells showed a very interesting fluctuation in function depending on the width of the channels but this fluctuation was not observed in case of dead cells. Because of its spherical form, lacking flagellae and production of extracellular substances, S. aureus adhered to this structure more evenly and no fluctuation was observed. Strain specific bacterial physiology and reactivity to these surfaces may possibly also be a factor in influencing the interaction. These initial results contribute to the purposeful design of species-specific pro- or anti-bacterial surfaces for the use of lab-on-a-chip devices and various types of medical devices.
Donor and acceptor concentration dependence of the electron Hall mobility and the Hall scattering factor in <i>n</i>-type 4H– and 6H–SiC (2001)

Theoretical calculation of the electron Hall mobility and the Hall scattering factor in 4H– and 6H–SiC is performed based on the low-field transport model. Our mobility calculation as a function of temperature, net-doping concentration ([ND]-[NA]), and compensation ratio ([NA]/[ND]), where ND and NA are the donor (nitrogen) and acceptor concentrations, respectively, provides the theoretical values of the electron Hall mobility expected for the high quality SiC crystal. The results can be used for the evaluation of the crystalline quality of a given SiC sample. We also present the ratio of the Hall and drift mobility, i.e., the Hall scattering factor, which is needed to make a bridge between the experimentally measured Hall mobility and the theoretically calculated drift mobility using, for example, Monte Carlo simulation. Our calculations of both the electron Hall mobility and the Hall scattering factor are in very good agreement with the experimental results.
New Method of Measuring the pH of Wood Chips (2005)

Le sechage est couramment employe pour la deresination des copeaux de bois.Toutefois, un sechage excessif peut entrainer une deterioration des copeaux, comme la coloration due a l'action des champignons, la friabilite et un degre eleve d'acidite. Un haut degre d'acidite peut entrainer une deterioration du bois, des pertes de rendement et de resistance, et une consommation plus elevee de produits chimiques pour la cuisson des pâtes kraft. Malgre cela, aucune methode standard de determination du pH des copeaux de bois n'est disponible. Le present rapport decrit une methode precise a cette fin: le pH est le mieux determine en presence de sel.
Heteronuclear Recoupling in Solid-State Magic-Angle-Spinning NMR via Overtone Irradiation (2001)

A heteronuclear dipolar recoupling scheme applicable to I-S spin pairs undergoing magic-angle-spinning (MAS) is introduced, based on the overtone irradiation of one of the coupled nuclei. It is shown that when I is a quadrupole, for instance (14)N, irradiating this spin at a multiple of its Larmor frequency prevents the formation of MAS dipolar echoes. The ensuing S-spin signal dephasing is significant and dependent on a number of parameters, including the I-S dipolar coupling, the magnitude of I's quadrupolar coupling, and the relative orientations between these two coupling tensors. When applied to a spin-1 nucleus, this overtone recoupling method differs from hitherto proposed recoupling strategies in that it involves only the +/-1> I(z) eigenstates. Its dephasing efficiency becomes independent of first-order quadrupolar effects yet shows a high sensitivity to second-order offsets. A constant-time/variable-offset recoupling sequence thus provides a simple route to acquire, in an indirect fashion, (14)N overtone spectra from rotating powders. The principles underlying this kind of S-(14)N experiments and different applications involving S = (13)C, (59)Co sites are presented.
Querying and analysis of software specifications (2003)

A system for the definition, querying and analysis of executable specification is presented in the paper. After a short review RSF, a specification language for the definition of systems with time constraints, the authors consider the problem of querying the specifications. The query language RSQ allows one to characterize sub-classes of possible specification execution behaviours in terms of queries directed to the specification. The problem of selection of significant information produced during the execution of the specification is also considered. The system proposes three linguistic tools, one for the definition, one for the querying and the last for the filtering of executable software specifications. The linguistic tools are quite homogeneous both in their syntax and semantics and support the organization of software behaviour inspection and analysis in the RSF prototyping environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single-Mode-Multimode Fiber Structure Based Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature (2013)

A fiber sensor for simultaneous measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature in solutions based on multimode interference is presented. The intensity and the wavelength of the interference minimum will vary with the RI and the temperature of the solution, respectively. The sensitivity of the RI and the temperature are 94.58 dB/RI and 0.0085 nm/ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C, respectively. Its ease of fabrication and low-cost offer the attractive applications in chemical and biological sensing.