gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of nerve growth factor (NGF) from human body fluids; saliva, serum and urine: comparison between cobra venom and cobra serum NGF. (2000)

Several investigators have isolated nerve growth factor (NGF) from various tissues and organs of different animals. There is no published documentation about NGF from body fluids, such as blood serum, saliva, and urine. Contrary to the unsuccessful attempts to detect or isolate NGF in serum in the past, this investigation reports the isolation of NGF from human serum, saliva, and urine. It further reports the comparison of properties between NGFs derived from cobra venom and cobra serum. NGF from serum, saliva, and urine was isolated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and was identified as described by Lipps (1998). The identified fractions of NGF were further purified to study the biological and immunological properties. The biological activities of NGFs from human body fluids and cobra serum on PC12 cells were miniscule in comparison to the cobra venom derived NGF. The molecular weights of NGFs from human serum, saliva, and urine were identical, 36.0 kDa. However, the molecular weights of cobra serum and cobra venom NGFs were different, 55.0 kDa and 13.5 kDa, respectively. NGF level is age dependent and varies under different conditions. Using anti-human NGF, diagnostic tests can be developed for neurological disorders. This investigation also emphasizes the replacement of invasive blood collection for serum by use of saliva and urine for clinical diagnostic use in general.
Site specificity in the room temperature deuterium exchange of cyclopentane over platinum/CPG catalysts (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSite specificity in the room temperature deuterium exchange of cyclopentane over platinum/CPG catalystsRobert L. Augustine and Russell WesdykCite this: Langmuir 1985, 1, 2, 262–264Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00062a014https://doi.org/10.1021/la00062a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iron‐catalyzed tandem reactions of aldehydes, terminal alkynes, and primary amines as a strategy for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives (2010)

Abstract FeCl 3 ‐catalyzed three‐component tandem condensation/addition/cyclization/oxidation reactions of aldehydes, terminal alkynes, and primary amines have been developed. The processes can provide a diverse range of quinoline derivatives in good yields from simple starting materials. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Photochemical oxidation-reduction reactions of some transition metal complexes (1960)

A. W. Adamson, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1960, 29, 163 DOI: 10.1039/DF9602900163
Variable stars: Which Nyquist frequency? (1999)

In the analysis of variable stars, the problem of sampling is central. This article focusses on the determination of the Nyquist frequency. It is well defined in the case of regular sampling. However, the time series of variable stars observations are generally unevenly sampled. Fourier analysis using the spectral window furnishes some clues about the equivalent Nyquist frequency in the irregular case. Often it is pushed very high, and thus very short periods can be detected. A specific example is shown, drawn from MACHO databases.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide increases intracellular calcium in astroglia: synergism with alpha-adrenergic receptors. (1994)

In type I astrocytes from rat cerebral cortex, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) at concentrations below 1 nM evoked an increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration. This response, however, was observed in only 18% of the astrocytes examined. alpha-Adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine or norepinephrine also resulted in an intracellular calcium response in these cells and the threshold sensitivity of astrocytes to phenylephrine was vastly different from cell to cell. Treatment of these astrocytes with VIP (0.1 nM) together with phenylephrine at subthreshold concentrations produced large increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and oscillations. The continued occupation of the alpha-adrenergic receptor was required for sustained synergism. Both alpha-receptor stimulation and stimulation with the mixture of agonists induced the cellular calcium response by triggering release of calcium from cellular stores, since the response persisted in the absence of extracellular calcium. Furthermore, thapsigargin pretreatment, which depletes intracellular stores, abolished the agonist-induced [Ca2+]i response. VIP (0.1 nM) and phenylephrine were found to increase cellular levels of inositol phosphates; however, there was no apparent additivity in this response when the agonists were added together. These observations suggest a calcium-mediated second messenger system for the high-affinity VIP receptor in astrocytes and that alpha-adrenergic receptors act synergistically with the VIP receptor to augment an intracellular calcium signal. The synergism between diverse receptor types may constitute an important mode of cellular signaling in astroglia.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Arylpiperazine Derivatives as Nonsteroidal Androgen Receptor Antagonists (2004)

The search for novel antiandrogens by high-throughput screening (HTS) of the Yamanouchi chemical library led to the discovery of the lead compound (5), which possesses an arylmorpholine moiety. Through the optimization of the lead compound (5), we have found a series of novel arylpiperazine derivatives. Among them, 4-[4-cyano-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide (22; YM-92088) exhibited a potent AR antagonistic activity with an IC(50) value of 0.47 microM in the reporter assay, which is more potent than bicalutamide (4) which has an IC(50) value of 0.89 microM.
Long-term frequency instability of atomic frequency references based on coherent population trapping and microfabricated vapor cells (2006)

We present an evaluation of the long-term frequency instability and environmental sensitivity of a chip-scale atomic clock based on coherent population trapping, particularly as affected by the light-source subassembly. The long-term frequency stability of this type of device can be dramatically improved by judicious choice of operating parameters of the light-source subassembly. We find that the clock frequency is influenced by the laser-injection current, the laser temperature, and the rf modulation index. The sensitivity of the clock frequency to changes in the laser-injection current or the substrate temperature can be significantly reduced through adjustment of the rf modulation index. This makes the requirements imposed on the laser-temperature stabilization, in order to achieve a given frequency stability, less severe. The clock-frequency instability due to variations in local oscillator power is shown to be reduced through the choice of an appropriate light intensity inside the cell. The importance of these parameters with regard to the long-term stability of such systems is discussed.
Optofluidic laser scanner based on a rotating liquid prism (2016)

We demonstrate an electrowetting-actuated optofluidic system based on a rotatable liquid prism implemented as a two-dimensional laser scanner. The system is fabricated through a novel technology using a patterned flexible polymeric foil on which a high density of electrodes is structured and which is subsequently inserted into a cylindrical housing. The resulting radial electrode array is used for electrowetting actuation of two fluids filled into the cylinder, which allows a controllable tilt and orientation of the planar liquid interface and thus represents a tunable rotating prism. Finite element simulations and subsequent experimental verification show that this highly planar and precisely positionable liquid/liquid interface may be actuated to a deflection angle of ±6.4°, with a standard deviation of ±0.18°, and rotated 360° about the vertical axis. Power consumption is limited to several microwatts, and switching times of several hundred milliseconds were determined.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activities of Silicon-Containing Derivatives of 2-Aryl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanenitriles. (2001)

A new series of silicon-containing derivatives of 2-aryl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanenitriles were synthesized and evaluated for fungicidal activities against rice sheath blight and powdery mildew on cucumber. These derivatives exhibited higher efficacy than reference fungicides.
The oral protein-kinase C<i>β</i>inhibitor enzastaurin (LY317615) suppresses signalling through the AKT pathway, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines (2008)

Deregulation of the protein kinase C (PKC) signalling pathway has been implicated in tumor progression. Here we investigated the PKC inhibitor enzastaurin for its activity against multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Enzastaurin suppresses cell proliferation in a large panel of human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), with IC50 values ranging from 1.3 to 12.5 microM and induces apoptosis, which is prevented by the ZVAD-fmk broad caspase inhibitor. These results are consistent with decreased phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3-beta, a downstream target of the AKT pathway and a pharmacodynamic marker for enzastaurin. Furthermore, enzastaurin cytotoxicity is retained when HMCLs were cocultured with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Enzastaurin has additive or synergistic cytotoxic effects with bortezomib or thalidomide. Considering the strong anti-myeloma activity of enzastaurin in vitro and in animal models and its safe toxicity profile, phase II studies in MM patients of enzastaurin alone or in combination with other drugs are warranted.
High-speed logic at 300K with self-aligned submicrometer-gate GaAs MESFET's (1983)

The fastest room-temperature logic gate operation yet reported has been achieved with an improved technology for self-aligned ion-implanted GaAs MESFET's. The procedure involves fabrication of 0.75/0.6-µm "T-gate" structures using electron-beam lithography, and employs arsenic-overpressure capless annealing of the self-aligned n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -implant. Minimum propagation delays of 15.4 ps/ stage were obtained for several of the ring oscillators, and none of the oscillators fabricated showed propagation delays longer than 17.0 ps. The fabrication technology and experimental results are described.
Dependence of spontaneous magnetic fields in laser produced plasmas on target size and structure (1979)

Faraday rotation observations of magnetic fields generated by a high-power (λ=1.06 μm) laser focused on various targets have been made. Results indicate that the fields produced on spherical targets may depend strongly on the target capacitance. Strongly structured fields were observed using large prepulse-formed plasmas on wire targets. Using novel composition discontinuity targets and a UV probe beam, planar magnetic fields were noted and toroidal fields in the critical density region measured.
Syntheses of Cholinergic Compounds. II (1955)

2-(ω-Dimethylaminoalkyl) pyridine, 1-aza[5, 4, 0]bicyclohendecane, and related compounds, with 1-5 carbon atoms in the side-chain alkyls, were synthesized. Accorcing to Prof. Misawa of the University of Tokyo, the cholinergic action of the methiodide of the foregoing pyridine compounds was the strongest when there in only one carbon in the side-chain alkyl, decreased rapidly at 2 carbons, and decreased further as the number of carbon increased from 3 to 5. However, there was no evidence that these compounds underwent change from cholinergic to ephedrine-like action, as in the case of phenylalkyltrimethylammonium salts.
Two-frequency radiowave propagation measurements in Brooklyn (2003)

Time delay spread and signal level measurements were made in the streets of a dense urban area in Brooklyn, New York at 850 MHz and 1.9 GHz. The maximum root mean square (rms) time delay spread observed was 243 nanoseconds (ns). However, this dropped to under 110 ns for radii under 75 meters. When both the transmitter and receiver were on the same road, received power levels followed a two-path model, together with about 0.03 to 0.003 dB/m additional attenuation, depending on the street.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Epidermal and Dermal Changes Associated with Microdermabrasion (2001)

BACKGROUND Microdermabrasion has become a popular method of skin rejuvenation for treating dyschromia, fine wrinkles, and mild scarring. OBJECTIVE To analyze the onset and extent of the dermatologic changes associated with microdermabrasion. METHODS Ten volunteers, ages 31–62 years, underwent a series of six aluminum oxide microdermabrasion facial treatments 7–10 days apart. Skin biopsy specimens were obtained prior to the study, after three treatments, and after six treatments. RESULTS Compared to the controls, the treated areas demonstrated the following histologic changes: thickening of the epidermis and dermis, flattening of the rete pegs, vascular ectasia and perivascular inflammation, and hyalinization of the papillary dermis with newly deposited collagen and elastic fibers. CONCLUSION This study suggests that microdermabrasion produces clinical improvement by a mechanism resembling a reparative process at the dermal and epidermal levels.
Template synthesis of mesoporous carbons with a controlled particle size (2003)

Mesostructured silica materials synthesised with the aid of surfactants as structure directing agents were used as templates to fabricate mesoporous carbons. By modifying the operational parameters during the synthesis, the particle size of silica can be continuously modulated from nanometric particles (∼10–20 nm) to micrometric spherical particles (∼2–8 µm). The porous carbons fabricated by using the mesostructured silica as template maintain the size and shape of the template. In this way, the primary particle size of the obtained porous carbons can be easily selected in a wide range between 10 nm and 10 µm by using the appropriate silica template. These carbons exhibit large pore volumes (>1.4 cm3 g−1), large BET surface areas (>1800 m2 g−1) and a porosity made up of pores with sizes in the mesopore range. The micrometric carbon shows a perfectly spherical morphology and a unimodal pore system made up of structural mesopores of ∼3 nm. The other carbons synthesised at the sub-micrometric and nanometric length scales exhibit, in addition to the framework-confined porosity (∼3 nm), a textural porosity arising from the interparticle voids between the primary particles.
Activation of MAP kinase (ERK-1/ERK-2), tyrosine kinase and VEGF in the human brain following acute ischaemic stroke (2000)

We examined expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAP) kinase (ERK1 and ERK2) and tyrosine phosphorylation in 19 patients (aged 58-90 years; mean 75) who died 1-44 days after acute ischaemic stroke. In the grey matter penumbra, 13 of 19 patients showed an increase in MAP kinase tyrosine phosphorylation (ERK1; 2.0- to 8-fold, ERK2; 2.2- to 11-fold) compared with normal contralateral tissue. In almost all cases, ERK-2 phosphorylation was higher than ERK1. Of these 13 patients, 11 also showed a general increase in tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, and eight expressed increased levels of VEGF protein (2.5- to 5-fold). In tissue examined directly from the infarct core, activation of the above proteins was not observed in the, majority of patients. In the white matter, seven of 19 patients (penumbra), and nine of 19 patients (stroke) had an increase in MAP kinase tyrosine phosphorylation (ERK1; 2.0- to 4.6-fold and ERK-2; 2.3- to 5.4-fold respectively) compared with normal contralateral tissue. There was no relationship between activation of MAP kinase and expression of VEGF. Examination of phosphorylated MAP kinase by immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in immunoreactivity in neurones, astroglial cells, reactive microglia and endothelial cells in areas surrounding infarcts, especially in areas with the highest density of microvessels. In conclusion, chronic activation of tyrosine phosphorylated events, in particular redistribution and phosphorylation of MAP kinase (ERK1/ERK2) occurs consistently in the grey matter penumbra of brain tissue following ischaemic stroke, and may be associated with increase in expression of VEGF. These signal transduction events could be important determinants of the extent of neuronal survival and/or angiogenic activity in the recovering brain tissue.
ChemInform Abstract: REMOVAL OF SULFUR GROUPS FROM MOLECULES BY COPPER(I). PREPARATION OF SULFUR‐SUBSTITUTED 1,3‐DIENES FOR THE DIELS‐ALDER REACTION (1976)

Abstract Crotonaldehyd (I) und Thiophenol geben das Thioäther‐dithioacetal (II), das in Gegenwart von Cu‐Pulver zum Phenylthio‐butadien (III) eliminiert.
External Quality Control in the Determination of Neonatal Bilirubin. An Approach to the Improvement of Results (1988)

The reliability of bilirubin analyses is especially important in cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. However, when the means of the results of external quality control surveys and the method-dependent stated values for control sera were compared with reference method values, differences of up to 10% were found. Further inaccuracy arose from interlaboratory imprecision, which showed coefficients of variation of at least 7%, and from greater or lesser interference from contamination of samples with haemoglobin. The present work investigates whether the current situation can be improved by available means.
Genetic manipulation of Bacillus methanolicus, a gram-positive, thermotolerant methylotroph (1997)

We report the fist genetic transformation system, shuttle vectors, and integrative vectors for the thermotolerant, methylotrophic bacterium Bacillus methanolicus. By using a polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation procedure, we have successfully transformed B. methanolicus with both integrative and multicopy plasmids. For plasmids with a single BmeTI recognition site, dam methylation of plasmid DNA (in vivo or in vitro) was found to enhance transformation efficiency from 7- to 11-fold. Two low-copy-number Escherichia coli-B, methanolicus shuttle plasmids, pDQ507 and pDQ508, are described. pDQ508 caries the replication origin cloned from a 17-kb endogenous B. methanolicus plasmid, pBM1. pDQ507 carries a cloned B. methanolicus DNA fragment, pmr-1, possibly of chromosomal origin, that supports maintenance of pDQ507 as a circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecule. Deletion analysis of pDQ507 indicated two regions required for replication, i.e., a 90-bp AT-rich segment containing a 46-bp imperfect, inverted repeat sequence and a second region 65% homologous to the B. subtilis dpp operon. We also evaluated two E. coli-B. subtilis vectors, pEN1 and pHP13, for use as E. coli-B. methanolicus shuttle vectors. The plasmids pHP13, pDQ507, and pDQ508 were segregationally and structurally stable in B. methanolicus for greater than 60 generations of growth under nonselective conditions; pEN1 was segregationally unstable. Single-stranded plasmid DNA was detected in B. methanolicus transformants carrying either pEN1, pHP13, or pDQ508, suggesting that pDQ508, like the B. subtilis plasmids, is replicated by a rolling-circle mechanism. These studies provide the basic tools for the genetic manipulation of B. methanolicus.
Minimising the effects of subband quantisation of the time domain aliasing cancellation filter bank (2002)

The effect of the quantisation of filter bank subbands has been analysed by incorporating quantisation noise models into the time domain aliasing cancellation (TDAC) filter bank. We have found expressions for the reconstruction error of the quantised TDAC system in terms of several signal correlated components, and an uncorrelated component. These expressions allow easy identification of subjectively annoying errors, and provide the framework for a subjective optimisation of the quantisation process. Research has been carried out on alternative quantiser models and methods of quantiser-compensation.
Flow features and industrial applications of TSE rheoextrusion process (2007)

This paper presents an overview of diverse extrusion techniques and, in particular, a focused discussion about the rheoextrusion pro- cess for semi-solid casting (a novel casting pro- cess for the fabrication of high quality metals). The review reveals a wealth of interesting rhe- ological and microstructural features, illustrating qualitative and quantitative data. The analysis is supported by relevant numerical results and ex- amples. It is shown how numerical studies can lead to significant insights into these processes by providing more detailed information on the fundamental mechanisms of morphology devel- opment (during phase change) and profile form- ing. The die filling and solidification behaviours within extrusion dies are simulated numerically. The extrusion forming process is also investigated and compared with experimental results. The nu- merical results show that the profiles of velocity and solidified front of semi-solid metals (SSM) within the die will influence the final microstruc- ture of casts, both in the interior and on the sur- face. Finally, an industrial application employing a special patented concept design is presented and analysed. Keyword: Rheoextrusion, semi-solid metals, die filling, metal forming, solidification
Manipulate data with VB6's new grid control (1998)

WHAT YOU NEED VB6 Professional or Enterprise Edition the provided controls are much more functional straight out of the box, including tight integration with the Visual Studio development environment. Don’t believe us? Then watch this! This column focuses on the new VB6 control called MSHFlexGrid. This hierarchical grid control offers developers an easy means of implementing data viewing and manipulation similar to a spreadsheet. VideoSoft developed the VB6 flex grid controls for Microsoft. The versions included with VB6, without some of the enhanced functionality of commercial versions (such as VideoSoft’s VSFlexGrid or Janus Systems’ GridEX), offer developers a powerful yet simple way to display and manipulate tabular data. MSFlexGrid, which comes with versions of VB prior to VB6, offers entry-level grid control capability. The new MSHFlexGrid integrates tightly with the VB6 development environment and can display hierarchical recordsets. A hierarchical recordset is an advanced concept that allows a recordset to contain another recordset within a field. Picture this by envisioning a data grid that contains another grid in one of its cells. We won’t demonstrate hierarchical data display in this column, but instead will focus on how the MSHFlexGrid works within VB6’s new data environment.