gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding of disparate transcriptional activators to nucleosomal DNA is inherently cooperative (1995)

To investigate mechanisms by which multiple transcription factors access complex promoters and enhancers within cellular chromatin, we have analyzed the binding of disparate factors to nucleosome cores. We used a purified in vitro system to analyze binding of four activator proteins, two GAL4 derivatives, USF, and NF-kappa B (KBF1), to reconstituted nucleosome cores containing different combinations of binding sites. Here we show that binding of any two or all three of these factors to nucleosomal DNA is inherently cooperative. Thus, the binuclear Zn clusters of GAL4, the helix-loop-helix/basic domains of USF, and the rel domain of NF-kappa B all participated in cooperative nucleosome binding, illustrating that this effect is not restricted to a particular DNA-binding domain. Simultaneous binding by two factors increased the affinity of individual factors for nucleosomal DNA by up to 2 orders of magnitude. Importantly, cooperative binding resulted in efficient nucleosome binding by factors (USF and NF-kappa B) which independently possess little nucleosome-binding ability. The participation of GAL4 derivatives in cooperative nucleosome binding required only DNA-binding and dimerization domains, indicating that disruption of histone-DNA contacts by factor binding was responsible for the increased affinity of additional factors. Cooperative nucleosome binding required sequence-specific binding of all transcription factors, appeared to have spatial constraints, and was independent of the orientation of the binding sites on the nucleosome. These results indicate that cooperative nucleosome binding is a general mechanism that may play a significant role in loading complex enhancer and promoter elements with multiple diverse factors in chromatin and contribute to the generation of threshold responses and transcriptional synergy by multiple activator sites in vivo.
Fast algorithm for optimal bit allocation in a rate-distortionsense (1996)

To improve the quality of reconstructed images for a given bit rate constraint, the assigned bits must be distributed efficiently using a set of admissible quantisers so that source distortion can be minimised. However, the optimal bit allocation scheme is usually not practical due to its large computational burden. The authors propose a new fast algorithm which needs less computing time than required by existing fast algorithms.
Mutational analysis of the candidate tumor suppressor genes TEL and KIP1 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1996)

We have shown previously that loss of heterozygosity at chromosome band 12p13 is among the most frequent genetic abnormalities identified in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of childhood. Two known genes map within the critically deleted region of 12p: TEL, the gene encoding a new member of the ETS family of transcription factors, which is rearranged in a variety of hematological malignancies; and KIP1, the gene encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. Both genes are, therefore, excellent candidate tumor suppressor genes. In this report, we determined the exon organization of the TEL gene and performed mutational analysis of TEL and KIP1 in 33 childhood ALL patients known to have loss of heterozygosity at this locus. No mutations in either TEL or KIP1 were found; this suggest that neither TEL nor KIP1 is the critical 12p tumor suppressor gene in childhood ALL.
Transposition of Tn<i>916</i> to different sites in the chromosome of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>: a genetic tool for meningococcal mutagenesis (1990)

The difficulty in obtaining mutants in pathogenic Neisseria has limited the ability to genetically define determinants responsible for virulence as well as the ability to generate a genetic map. We show that the 16.5kb conjugative transposon Tn916 can be introduced into Neisseria meningitidis on the suicide vectors pAM120 and pAM170. After introduction, Tn916 transposed to different sites in the chromosome of recipient meningococci, apparently at random, and was stably incorporated. Following its integration into the meningococcal chromosome, Tn916 did not appear to readily express its conjugative and transpositional functions. However, chromosomal DNA from Tn916-carrying meningococci could be used to transform other meningococcal strains to tetracycline resistance. These studies indicate that Tn916 may be an important tool for genetic analysis of N. meningitidis.
Buccal Absorption of Midazolam: Pharmacokinetics and EEG Pharmacodynamics (1998)

Our data provide direct evidence of the speed of cerebral effect of a drug. Our results suggest that the buccal/sublingual route of administration should be tested in emergency treatment of seizures as an alternative to the rectal route, over which it has clear practical advantages.
Rail track costs management for efficient railway charges (2012)

A part of track maintenance costs is directly related to train traffic, and therefore they are marginal costs in the short term. Track renewal costs over a longer period of time also increase with traffic, so they could be considered long-term marginal costs. Many different problems can arise when applying maintenance and renewal costs to railway undertakings. With regard to the costs as such, problems arise with their magnitude, the availability and quality of data, and the service life of maintenance and renewal operations. With regard to transferring costs, problems are related to cost recovery, the relationship between track charges and the costs they intend to recover, and the level of the service the infrastructure manager gives the railway operator. A system based on a differentiated approach to maintenance cost and renewal cost depreciation is proposed as a tool for track cost processing. Cost planning and the subsequent levying the costs on railway undertakings are both based on a single concept: the theoretical traffic load. Track usage charges that promote improvements in the activity of infrastructure managers and railway undertakings alike are arrived at by combining the differentiated approach to depreciation, the theoretical traffic load, actual cost data and short-term traffic estimates.
An Abstract Model for Process Mediation (2005)

Abstract. We define a high-level model to mathematically capture the behavioural interface of abstract Virtual Providers (VP), their refinements and their composition into rich mediator structures. We show for a Virtual Internet Service Provider example how to use such a model for rigorously formulating and proving properties of interest. 1
Signal detection in passive wireless sensor networks based on back-propagation neural networks - RETRACTED (2011)

Passive wireless sensors with no onboard power source, enable a myriad of embedded sensor applications in hard to reach areas, rotating or moving objects and harsh environments. Structural monitoring, weight-limited aerospace vehicles, smart homes and smart grids are some examples in which usage of wireless sensors are ideal. However, power consumption requirements for active wireless sensors is a limiting factor in wide usage of wireless sensing applications. Passive wireless sensors aim at addressing this shortcoming by eliminating the power source and shifting the complexity to the reader side. In most embedded sensor applications, several sensors are placed in close proximity of each other posing new challenges in the multiuser interference domain. In this study, neural networks are used for signals detection in a multiple-access passive wireless sensor network. In a multiuser system, conventional receivers are based on matched filters suffering severe performance degradation as the relative powers of the interfering signals become large. Despite prior research works in active sensor networks, where channel, code and power control is easy to perform, in this study, passive wireless sensors are considered where there is no control at the node level making signal detection a challenging problem. A novel method for passive wireless sensing employing back-propagation neural network is proposed. A conventional receiver is used as a benchmark to compare the performance of the proposed method. The proposed algorithm demonstrates near-optimum performance in side-lobe suppression, while requiring a much lower implementation complexity compared to conventional receivers.
High-pH reversed-phase chromatography with fraction concatenation for 2D proteomic analysis (2012)

Orthogonal high-resolution separations are critical for attaining improved analytical dynamic range and protein coverage in proteomic measurements. High-pH reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), followed by fraction concatenation, affords better peptide analysis than conventional strong cation-exchange chromatography applied for 2D proteomic analysis. For example, concatenated high-pH RPLC increased identification of peptides (by 1.8-fold) and proteins (by 1.6-fold) in shotgun proteomics analyses of a digested human protein sample. Additional advantages of high-pH RPLC with fraction concatenation include improved protein sequence coverage, simplified sample processing and reduced sample losses, making this an attractive alternative to strong cation-exchange chromatography in conjunction with second-dimension low-pH RPLC for 2D proteomics analyses.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) an der Scherkondetalbrücke: eine semi‐integrale Eisenbahn‐Betonbrücke (2015)

Abstract Semi‐integrale Brücken sind durch die monolithische Verbindung zwischen dem Überbau und den Pfeilern gekennzeichnet. Dadurch beteiligt sich jedes Element des Tragwerks am Abtrag der Verkehrslasten. Gleichzeitig treten durch Temperaturänderungen, Kriechen, Schwinden oder Setzungen große Zwangskräfte auf. Diese Kräfte müssen beim Entwurf der Brücke besonders berücksichtigt werden und sollten durch eine vorteilhafte Verteilung der Steifigkeiten, insbesondere in den Unterbauten, reduziert werden. Der Bau von semi‐integralen Brücken im Rahmen von langen Viadukten ist auch im internationalen Maßstab ein Novum. Um die Risiken im Zusammenhang mit diesem Bauwerkstyp, der noch nicht endgültig normativ geregelt ist, zu reduzieren und um Erfahrungen über die Berechnungsannahmen zu gewinnen, wurde vom Eisenbahnbundesamt eine umfassende Überwachung der Brücken gefordert. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden einige Ergebnisse der Langzeitmessungen an der Scherkondetalbrücke vorgestellt. Structural Health Monitoring of the Scherkondetalbrücke: a semi integral concrete railway bridge Semi integral bridges are characterized by the monolithic connection between the superstructure and the piers. Thereby every element of the structure participates to the transfer of forces due to traffic loads. Simultaneously, high constraining forces due to thermal variation, creep, shrinkage or settlements appears. These forces have to be accurately taken into account when designing the bridge and should be reduced through an advantageous distribution of the stiffness, especially in the substructure. The construction of semi integral bridges in the case of long viaducts is an innovation, also on international scale. In order to limit the risks associated with this non‐definitively regulated type of structure and in order to collect experience about the calculation assumptions, the authorities required an extensive monitoring of the bridges. In this paper, a few results of the long‐term measurements on the Scherkondetalbrücke will be presented.
Error Rate-Based Wear-Leveling for nand Flash Memory at Highly Scaled Technology Nodes (2012)

This brief presents a NAND Flash memory wear-leveling algorithm that explicitly uses memory raw bit error rate (BER) as the optimization target. Although NAND Flash memory wear-leveling has been well studied, all the existing algorithms aim to equalize the number of programming/erase cycles among all the memory blocks. Unfortunately, such a conventional design practice becomes increasingly suboptimal as inter-block variation becomes increasingly significant with the technology scaling. This brief presents a dynamic BER-based greedy wear-leveling algorithm that uses BER statistics as the measurement of memory block wear-out pace, and guides dynamic memory block data swapping to fully maximize the wear-leveling efficiency. Simulations have been carried out to quantitatively demonstrate its advantages over existing wear-leveling algorithms.
Slice encoding for metal artifact correction with noise reduction (2011)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) near metallic implants is often hampered by severe metal artifacts. To obtain distortion-free MR images near metallic implants, SEMAC (Slice Encoding for Metal Artifact Correction) corrects metal artifacts via robust encoding of excited slices against metal-induced field inhomogeneities, followed by combining the data resolved from multiple SEMAC-encoded slices. However, as many of the resolved data elements only contain noise, SEMAC-corrected images can suffer from relatively low signal-to-noise ratio. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio of SEMAC-corrected images is essential to enable SEMAC in routine clinical studies. In this work, a new reconstruction procedure is proposed to reduce noise in SEMAC-corrected images. A singular value decomposition denoising step is first applied to suppress quadrature noise in multi-coil SEMAC-encoded slices. Subsequently, the singular value decomposition-denoised data are selectively included in the correction of through-plane distortions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed reconstruction procedure significantly improves the SNR without compromising the correction of metal artifacts.
A comparative study of orthogonal algorithms for detecting the HIF in MDCs (2017)

The following topics are dealt with: distributed power generation; smart power grids; power generation control; battery powered vehicles; wind power plants; distribution networks; hybrid electric vehicles; and power engineering computing.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Rat Mammary Cancer Prevention (1990)

The observation that mammary cancer induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in young, virgin, Sprague-Dawley rats is abolished by pregnancy led us to test the possibility of protecting the mammary gland from chemically induced carcinogenesis by using the placental hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Fifty-day-old, outbred, virgin, Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized in two different experimental protocols. In protocol 1, four groups of virgin rats received either no hCG (group I) or a daily intraperitoneal injection of hCG at 1 IU (group II), 10 IU (group III), or 100 IU (group IV) for 21 days; group I and groups II-IV, at 21 days after the last injection, were given a single intragastric dose of 8 mg of DMBA per 100 g of body weight. In protocol 2, 50-day-old rats were treated with a single intragastric dose of 8 mg of DMBA per 100 g of body weight; 21 days later, they were separated into groups V and VI. Group V rats remained undisturbed, except for palpation twice a week for detection of tumor development. Group VI rats received a daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 IU of hCG for 60 days. Tumorigenesis was evaluated 24 and 30 weeks after carcinogen administration in animals in protocols 1 and 2, respectively. In protocol 1, in which animals (with the exception of the control group) were treated with hCG prior to carcinogen administration, the incidence of adenocarcinomas decreased in a dose-dependent manner, from 43.8% in the controls (group I) to 34.4%, 18.2%, and 6.15% in groups II-IV treated with 1, 10, or 100 IU of hCG, respectively. Among animals in protocol 2, hCG treatment significantly reduced the incidence of adenocarcinomas, from 100% in DMBA-treated rats (group V) to 45.5% in rats treated with DMBA plus hCG (group VI). These data indicate that hCG can prevent both initiation and progression of mammary carcinogenesis.
Sub-25nm single-metal gate CMOS multi-bridge-channel MOSFET (MBCFET) for high performance and low power application (2005)

Improving the MBCFET performance further, we have successfully fabricated single-metal-gate high-performance CMOS MBCFET with elevated flat source/drain (EF-S/D) formed by low temperature cyclic selective epitaxial growth (LTC-SEG) of Si. Due to the S/D engineering and LTC-SEG process, we could achieved the symmetric threshold voltage of 0.25V and -0.22V for TiN-gate n-channel MBCFET (nMBCFET) and p-channel MBCFET (pMBCFET), respectively. This single-metal MBCFET simultaneously satisfied the requirements of high-performance (HP) and low operating power (LOP) transistors in ITRS roadmap.
The clinical spectrum of adult acute myeloid leukaemia associated with core binding factor translocations (2006)

To better understand the spectrum of adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) associated with core binding factor (CBF) translocations, 370 patients with newly diagnosed CBF-associated AML were analysed. Patients' age ranged from 16-83 years (median 39 years) with a slight male predominance (55%); 53% had inv(16); 47% had t(8;21). Patients with t(8;21) tended to be younger (P = 0.056), have lower peripheral blood white cell counts (P < 0.0001) and were more likely to have additional cytogenetic abnormalities (P < 0.0001). Loss of sex chromosome, del(9q) and complex abnormalities were more common among patients with t(8;21), while +22 and +21 were more common with inv(16). Overall, 87% [95% confidence interval (CI) 83-90%] of patients achieved complete response (CR) with no difference between t(8;21) and inv(16); however, the CR rate was lower in older patients due to increased resistant disease and early deaths. Ten-year overall survival (OS) was 44% (95% CI 39-50%) and, in multivariate analysis, was shorter with increasing age (P < 0.0001), increased peripheral blast percentage (P = 0.0006), in patients with complex cytogenetic abnormalities in addition to the CBF translocation (P = 0.021), and in patients with t(8;21) (P = 0.025). OS was superior in patients who received regimens with high-dose cytarabine, a combination of fludarabine and intermediate-dose cytarabine, or haematopoietic cell transplantation.
New radio networks for tactical communication (1990)

A packet-switched radio system designed and developed for the Norwegian Army is presented. In particular, the development of an overall network concept, the network and access protocols, and the routing strategy are examined. Network synchronization and radio process protocols are discussed, and simulation results are given. A radio design allowing integration of electronic countermeasures (ECM) protected data and voice channels is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Topoisomerase inhibitors induce irreversible fragmentation of replicated DNA in concanavalin A stimulated splenocytes (1988)

Etoposide, a nonintercalative antitumor drug, is known to inhibit topoisomerase II. Its effects have been tested in concanavalin A stimulated splenocytes, a system of cell proliferation in which topoisomerase II is induced. The primary effect of etoposide was a strong inhibition of DNA synthesis and the production of reversible DNA breaks, presumably associated with topoisomerase II. However, prolonged (20 h) contact with the drug resulted in a secondary fragmentation by irreversible double-strand breaks that yielded unusually small DNA fragments. Surprisingly, the same effect was obtained with novobiocin, which does not produce topoisomerase II associated DNA breaks. Moreover, long-term treatment with camptothecin, a specific inhibitor of topoisomerase I which is known to induce single-strand breaks in vitro and in vivo, also produced double-strand breaks and DNA fragmentation into small pieces. These findings suggest that prolonged treatment of proliferating splenocytes by etoposide and other topoisomerase inhibitors induced DNA fragmentation by a mechanism that does not directly involve topoisomerases.
Optical Peanut Yield Monitor: Development and Testing (2006)

An optical peanut yield monitor was developed, fabricated, and field-tested. The overall system includes an optical mass-flow sensor, a GPS receiver, and a data acquisition system. The concept for the mass-flow sensor is based on that of the cotton yield-monitor sensor developed previously by Thomasson and Sui (2000). A modified version of the sensor was designed to be specific to peanut mass-flow measurement. Field testing of the peanut yield monitor was conducted in Australia during the May 2003 harvest. After subsequent minor modifications, the system was more extensively tested in Mississippi in October of 2003 and November of 2004. Test results showed that the output of the peanut mass-flow sensor was very strongly correlated with the harvested load weight, and the system's performance was stable and reliable during the tests.
Novel therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies against KIR3DL2, a unique tumor antigen overexpressed on subtypes of T cell lymphomas (2013)

Meeting abstracts KIR3DL2 belongs to the killer immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIRs) family and is composed of three extracellular Ig-like domains. KIR3DL2 is naturally expressed on some NK cells and minor subpopulations of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Physiologically, KIRD3L2 is an inhibitory
Reliability and endurance of FRAM: a case study (2002)

This paper describes a case study quantifying reliability and endurance results of two FRAM nonvolatile memories.
Modified Bases in RNA Reduce Secondary Structure and Enhance Hybridization (2004)

Secondary structure in RNA targets is a significant barrier to short DNA probes. However, when such targets are the end product of an in vitro amplification scheme, it is possible to carry out transcription in the presence of nucleoside triphosphate analogues that reduce secondary structure of the RNA without impairing subsequent hybridization. Here we show that nucleoside triphosphates of 2-aminoadenine (nA) and 2-thiouracil (sU) are taken up by T7 RNA polymerase and that the resulting RNA possesses reduced secondary structure and improved accessibility to DNA probes. The hybridization properties of short RNA transcripts were studied using a new gel mobility shift assay from which melting temperatures were determined. RNA hairpins that contained nA and sU were able to hybridize to DNA probes under conditions where the unmodified hairpins did not. DNA-RNA hybrids that contained nA and sU in the RNA strand exhibited enhanced specificity, increased stability, and greater equality of base pairing strength than the same hybrids without modifications. Substitution of guanine (G) with inosine (I) further reduced secondary structure, but RNA with this base hybridized nonselectively. The high stability of nA-T and A-sU base pairs in DNA-RNA hybrids, combined with the destabilizing effect of the nA-sU couple in RNA targets, accounts for the improved hybridization properties. These results suggest that incorporation of nA and sU during in vitro transcription is a promising strategy for enhancing the performance of oligomeric DNA probes with an RNA target.
Low Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes (2005)

These findings suggest that vitamin D3 may be an important pathogenic factor in type 1 diabetes independent of geographical latitude, and that its supplementation should be considered not only at birth, but also at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes with the aim of favouring a Th2 immune response and protecting residual beta cells from further destruction.