gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic Spot Test Analysis (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Spot Test AnalysisFritz FeiglCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 8, 1315–1318Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60104a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60104a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views547Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vehicle Routing and Scheduling for Regular Mobile Healthcare Services (2018)

We propose our solution to a particular practical problem in the domain of vehicle routing and scheduling. The generic task is finding the best allocation of minimum number of mobile resources that can provide periodical services in remote locations. These mobile resources are based at a single central location. Specifications have been defined initially for a real-life application that is the starting point of an ongoing project. Particularly, the goal is to mitigate health problems in rural areas around a city in Romania. Medically equipped vans are programmed to start daily routes from county capital, provide a given number of examinations in townships within the county and return to the capital city in the same day. From healthcare perspective, each van is equipped with an ultrasound scanner and they are scheduled to investigate pregnant woman each trimester aiming to diagnose potential problems. The project is motivated by reports currently ranking Romania as the country with the highest infant mortality rate in European Union. Our solution was developed in two phases: first modeling of the most relevant parameters and data available for our goal and second, design and implement an algorithm that provides an optimized solution. The most important metric of a scheduling is the number of vans that are necessary to provide a given amount of examination time per township, followed by total travel time or fuel consumption, number of different routes, etc. Our solution implements two probabilistic algorithms out of which the best was chosen.
Female-perpetrated child sexual abuse (2000)

IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha are upregulated in corneas in mice experiencing recurrent HSK. Abrogation of virus-induced corneal disease by anti-cytokine antibodies suggests that these cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of recurrent disease. Therefore, neutralization of specific proinflammatory cytokines may have potential therapeutic value.
Syntheses of All Four Possible Diastereomers of Etoposide and Its Aminoglycosidic Analogues via Optical Resolution of (±) -Podophyllotoxin by Glycosidation with <scp>d</scp>- and <scp>l</scp>-Sugars (1987)

Abstract Syntheses of all four possible diastereomers of etoposide and its aminoglycosidic analogues have been achieved via optical resolution of (±)-podophyllotoxin by glycosidation with d- and l-sugars.
Factors influencing the tissue distribution of coenzyme Q10 intravenously administered in an emulsion to rats: emulsifying agents and lipoprotein lipase activity (1986)

The tissue distribution of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) administered intravenously in an emulsion prepared with egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC), egg yolk sphingomyelin (SPM) or a combination of PC and a polyoxyethylene derivative of hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-60) (PC + HCO-60) was investigated. The disappearance from the plasma of CoQ10 administered in three different emulsions of lipid particle size less than 0.5 micron varied with the particular emulsifier. Its disappearance occurred most rapidly from the PC emulsion; with the addition of HCO-60, its disappearance was much slower. In the reticuloendothelial system, the concentration of CoQ10 was higher in the spleen, for both the SPM and PC + HCO-60 emulsions than for the PC emulsion. HCO-60 reduced the CoQ10 distribution in the liver from the PC emulsion. Differences in disappearance rates from the plasma are thus considered to be due to the extent of CoQ10 distribution in the liver. CoQ10 concentration in the heart, a target organ, was greatest with the PC emulsion. Its distribution was related to lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in this organ. The effects caused by HCO-60, however, could not be explained by LPL activity alone. CoQ10 distribution in the adrenal gland and kidney can be explained partly by LPL activity but in the presence of HCO-60, the distribution mechanism apparently involves other factors.
Competition through institutional form: the case of cluster tool standards (2006)

Few economists and theorists have thought about the choice of organizational form as a competitive weapon. Here, the author does so by examining the case of cluster tools, which are a type of equipment for manufacturing semiconductors. Within the US industry, competition for these devices is divided between a large vertically integrated firm, Applied Materials, and a large fringe of smaller, more specialized competitors. These latter have responded to the competition by creating a common set of technical interface standards, called the Modular Equipment Standards Committee standards. The author analyzes the trade-off between the benefits of systemic innovation and coordination versus those of external economies of scope and modular innovation. Although standards have so far kept the competitive fringe in the ballgame, modularity in the industry may ultimately take a different form, as some of the larger firms adhering to the standards become broadly capable systems integrators that outsource manufacturing to specialized suppliers of subsystems.
Mesoscale Combustor/Evaporator Development (1999)

Abstract Battelle has developed a mesoscale combustor/evaporator that provides a lightweight and compact source of heating, cooling, or energy generation for both man-portable and stationary applications. The device uses microscale flow channels that increase the available surface area for heat transfer and reduce the fluid boundary layer. These characteristics in turn result in heat fluxes for hydrocarbon/air combustion in excess of 25 W/cm2 and thermal efficiencies of 80 to 90%. Furthermore, high heat transfer rates allow for short channels and reduced pressure drops. Recent development efforts have focused on obtaining low emissions and improving the combustor/evaporator fabrication process. By using spatially varying stoichiometry inside the combustor, catalyst coated microchannels, and increased coolant temperature, the combustor’s CO and NOx emissions were reduced to below California standards for hot water heaters and boilers. The fabrication process photochemically machines thin metal laminates and then uses diffusion bonding to form a monolithic component. This approach is capable of high fin aspect ratios and can be scaled up for mass production.
The NS1 polypeptide of the murine parvovirus minute virus of mice binds to DNA sequences containing the motif [ACCA]2-3 (1995)

A DNA fragment containing the minute virus of mice 3' replication origin was specifically coprecipitated in immune complexes containing the virally coded NS1, but not the NS2, polypeptide. Antibodies directed against the amino- or carboxy-terminal regions of NS1 precipitated the NS1-origin complexes, but antibodies directed against NS1 amino acids 284 to 459 blocked complex formation. Using affinity-purified histidine-tagged NS1 preparations, we have shown that the specific protein-DNA interaction is of moderate affinity, being stable in 0.1 M salt but rapidly lost at higher salt concentrations. In contrast, generalized (or nonspecific) DNA binding by NS1 could be demonstrated only in low salt. Addition of ATP or gamma S-ATP enhanced specific DNA binding by wild-type NS1 severalfold, but binding was lost under conditions which favored ATP hydrolysis. NS1 molecules with mutations in a critical lysine residue (amino acid 405) in the consensus ATP-binding site bound to the origin, but this binding could not be enhanced by ATP addition. DNase I protection assays carried out with wild-type NS1 in the presence of gamma S-ATP gave footprints which extended over 43 nucleotides on both DNA strands, from the middle of the origin bubble sequence to a position some 14 bp beyond the nick site. The DNA-binding site for NS1 was mapped to a 22-bp fragment from the middle of the 3' replication origin which contains the sequence ACCAACCA. This conforms to a reiterated motif (ACCA)2-3, which occurs, in more or less degenerate form, at many sites throughout the minute virus of mice genome (J. W. Bodner, Virus Genes 2:167-182, 1989). Insertion of a single copy of the sequence (ACCA)3 was shown to be sufficient to confer NS1 binding on an otherwise unrecognized plasmid fragment. The functions of NS1 in the viral life cycle are reevaluated in the light of this result.
Increased expression of the negative growth factor, galactoside-binding protein, gene in transformed thyroid cells and in human thyroid carcinomas. (1992)

Murine beta-galactoside-binding protein has been shown to be a cell growth regulatory molecule and a cytostatic factor. We analysed the beta-galactoside-binding protein gene expression in a thyroid cell system including two normal cell lines (FRTL-5 and PC Cl 3) and the same cells transfected by several oncogenes that induce different degrees of malignancy and differentiation. We show that beta-galactoside-binding protein mRNA levels correlate with the expression of the malignant phenotype. Run-on experiments suggest that a transcriptional effect accounts at least in part for such a difference. We also show that the beta-galactoside-binding protein gene expression is increased in most human papillary thyroid carcinomas compared with normal thyroid.
A historical account of the diagnosis and characterization of strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum of low virulence. (1986)

Numerous chicken flocks were studied beginning in 1970 because of questionable results on their serologic tests for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). Typically a low number of hens in the flocks were positive reactors to the rapid serum plate test and rarely had hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers over 1:80. Usually no clinical signs were observed. Isolates of MG eventually were cultured from most of the flocks that exhibited that type of marginal serologic pattern. In the laboratory, the MG isolates were frequently less virulent and less pathogenic than the typical field isolates recovered in previous years. Most isolates produced airsacculitis of varying severity when broilers were exposed to the MG cultures as aerosols following exposure to infectious bronchitis virus. They became positive on the rapid serum plate test and developed moderate to high HI titers. Egg-transmission appeared to be the most likely means of transmission, even though the infected progeny rarely showed clinical signs of disease.
RNA sequencing with radioactive chain-terminating ribonucleotides. (1978)

A rapid method for determining nucleotide sequences in RNA is described. It employs the 3'-deoxy analogues of the ribonucleoside triphosphates as specific chain terminators during RNA synthesis. For example, the inclusion of 3'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate in an RNA synthesis reaction in addition to the four usual ribonucleoside triphosphate precursors results in the synthesis of a set of different-length product strands that terminate in a 3'-deoxyuridine that has been incorporated in place of uridine. To sequence an RNA, four separate reactions are run, each employing a different 3'-deoxy terminator. Parallel electrophoretic analysis of the resulting four sets of specifically terminated product chains leads to a direct reading of the nucleotide sequence. We tested this method by sequencing MDV-1 (-) RNA, a molecule that is synthesized in vitro by phage Qbeta replicase. The sequence read from the resulting gels agreed completely with the known sequence of MDV-1 (-) RNA. The bands in some regions of the sequencing gels were unusually close to one another, as has also been observed in other rapid sequencing procedures, making order assignment in these regions very difficult. Because the secondary structure of MDV-1 (-) RNA was known, it was shown that the compression of the bands is due to the persistence of secondary structures during electrophoresis. Thus, structured regions of nucleic acids may introduce difficulties for sequencing techniques that employ the currently available methods of gel electrophoresis.
Clinical efficacy of a new CD28-targeting antagonist of T cell co-stimulation in a non-human primate model of collagen-induced arthritis (2015)

T cells have a central pathogenic role in the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and are therefore a favoured target of immunotherapy aiming at physical or functional elimination. Here we report an efficacy test of FR104, a new co-stimulation inhibitor directly targeting CD28 on T cells, in a translationally relevant model, the rhesus monkey model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). As a relevant comparator we used abatacept [cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen immunoglobulin (CTLA Ig)], an antagonist of CTLA-4 binding to CD80/86 clinically approved for treatment of RA. Treatment with either compound was started at the day of CIA induction. Although FR104 previously demonstrated a higher control of T cell responses in vitro than abatacept, both compounds were equally potent in the suppression of CIA symptoms and biomarkers, such as the production of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 and anti-collagen type II (CII) serum antibody (IgM/IgG). However, in contrast to abatacept, FR104 showed effective suppression of CII-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. The current study demonstrates a strong potential of the new selective CD28 antagonist FR104 for treatment of RA.
A bound on the label complexity of agnostic active learning (2007)

We study the label complexity of pool-based active learning in the agnostic PAC model. Specifically, we derive general bounds on the number of label requests made by the A2 algorithm proposed by Balcan, Beygelzimer & Langford (Balcan et al., 2006). This represents the first nontrivial general-purpose upper bound on label complexity in the agnostic PAC model.
Enzymatic production of L-malate from maleate by Alcaligenes sp. (1986)

Alcaligenes sp. T501, which has the ability to produce l-malate from maleate at a concentration of 20% in a molar yield of 98.4%, was isolated from soil. Analysis of the reaction mixture components suggested that maleate was converted to l-malate via fumarate through the action of maleate isomerase and fumarase. These two enzymes were constitutively found in the cells regardless of the carbon source in the medium. The enzyme reaction was significantly enhanced by adding 2-mercaptoethanol, but was not affected by glutathione or l-cysteine.
AGENT-BASED BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT (1996)

This paper describes work undertaken in the ADEPT (Advanced Decision Environment for Process Tasks) project towards developing an agent-based infrastructure for managing business processes. We describe how the key technology of negotiating, service providing, autonomous agents was realized and demonstrate how this was applied to the BT (British Telecom) business process of providing a customer quote for network services.
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for medical diagnosis (2012)

This thesis deals with the design and fabrication of tunable Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). The focus has been the application of tunable VCSELs in medical diagnostics, specifically OCT. VCSELs are candidates as light sources for swept-source OCT where their high sweep rate, wide sweep range and high degree of coherence enable deep probing of tissue at acquisition rates that will eliminate the effects of rapid involuntary eye movements. The main achievement of the dissertation work has been the development of an electro-statically tunable VCSEL at 1060 nm with wide tuning range and high tuning rate. The VCSEL is highly single-mode and inherently polarization stable due to the use of a High-index Contrast subwavelength Grating (HCG). HCG VCSELs are presented with 1.5% relative tuning range at a tuning rate of 850 kHz. The thesis reports on the analysis of narrow linewidth Fabry-Pérot filters with dissimilar mirrors and the design of such Fabry-Pérot cavities for VCSELs. Fabrication of InGaAs multiple quantum wells with GaAsP strain balancing layers is covered together with the growth and wet chemical etching of InAlP. The fabrication of the proposed Fabry-Pérot filters and VCSELs is outlined and the results on their characterization reported.
Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation of Nucleophiles: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Alkylated Amino Acids (1997)

The synthesis of modified peptides depends to a large extent on α-alkylated amino acids. Such amino acids can be prepared in a novel asymmetric synthesis with readily available azlactones: the allylic alkylations of a variety of azlactones catalyzed by palladium proceeds with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities [Eq. (a)].
A Three-Dimensional Model for the Analysis of Transient Thermal and Conversion Characteristics of Monolithic Catalytic Converters (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A transient three-dimensional model has been developed to simulate the thermal and conversion characteristics of nonadiabatic monolithic converters operating under flow maldistribution conditions. The model accounts for convective heat and mass transport, gas-solid heat and mass transfer, axial and radial heat conduction, chemical reactions and the attendant heat release, and heat loss to the surroundings.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The model was used to analyze the transient response of an axisymmetric ceramic monolith system (catalyzed monolith, mat, and steel shell) during converter warm-up, sustained heavy load, and engine misfiring. The simulation indicates that high solid temperatures are encountered during sustained heavy load or engine misfiring, while steep temperature gradients are developed during the converter warm-up period. Flow maldistribution and radial heat loss are major sources for the thermal gradients. The predicted temperature profiles provide a basis for the analysis of thermal stresses and fatigue in the monolith converter assembly.</div>
Synergistic action of the MCL-1 inhibitor S63845 with current therapies in preclinical models of triple-negative and HER2-amplified breast cancer (2017)

The development of BH3 mimetics, which antagonize prosurvival proteins of the BCL-2 family, represents a potential breakthrough in cancer therapy. Targeting the prosurvival member MCL-1 has been an area of intense interest because it is frequently deregulated in cancer. In breast cancer, MCL-1 is often amplified, and high expression predicts poor patient outcome. We tested the MCL-1 inhibitor S63845 in breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts with high expression of MCL-1. S63845 displayed synergistic activity with docetaxel in triple-negative breast cancer and with trastuzumab or lapatinib in HER2-amplified breast cancer. Using S63845-resistant cells combined with CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated 9) technology, we identified deletion of BAK and up-regulation of prosurvival proteins as potential mechanisms that confer resistance to S63845 in breast cancer. Collectively, our findings provide a strong rationale for the clinical evaluation of MCL-1 inhibitors in breast cancer.
THESPIAN: An Architecture for Interactive Pedagogical Drama (2005)

Chronic cough is defined by a duration lasting at least 8 weeks. The most common causes of chronic cough include smoking-related lung disease, upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis. The etiology of chronic cough in some patients may be difficult to localize to an isolated source and is often multifactorial. The complex pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and variable manifestations of chronic cough underscore the challenges faced by clinicians in the evaluation and management of these patients. Imaging plays a role in the initial evaluation, although there is a lack of high-quality evidence guiding which modalities are useful and at what point in time the clinical evaluation should be performed. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
Violência obstétrica e prevenção quaternária: o que é e o que fazer (2015)

O objetivo deste artigo é justificar a necessidade de prevenção quaternária frente à 'violência obstétrica' (VO), terminologia que agrupa todas as formas de violência e danos originados no cuidado obstétrico profissional, bem como discutir estratégias e ações de prevenção quaternária a serem realizadas pelos médicos de família e comunidade (MFC), pelas equipes de atenção primária à saúde (APS) e suas entidades associativas. A prevalência de violência obstétrica no Brasil é alta: ¼ das mulheres relata terem sofrido maus-tratos durante o atendimento ao parto, além de excesso de intervenções desnecessárias (como venóclise, ocitocina de rotina e episiotomia) e privação de uma assistência baseada em boas práticas, tais como parto em posição vertical, possibilidade de se alimentar e de se movimentar durante o trabalho de parto e presença de um acompanhante. Destaca-se o excesso crônico de cesarianas (55,6% do total de nascimentos) no Brasil, mais prevalente no setor privado (85%) do que no público (40%). Ações de prevenção quaternária dirigidas à VO são propostas e discutidas, como: (1) a elaboração (individual e coletiva) de planos de parto orientados pelas equipes de APS no pré-natal (para os quais se oferece um roteiro); (2) a introdução de outros profissionais qualificados no cuidado ao parto de risco habitual (incluindo MFC capacitados); e (3) a participação dos MFC e profissionais da APS e suas associações no movimento social e político pela “humanização” do parto, com apoio às mudanças nas maternidades já em funcionamento e às novas iniciativas de serviços de cuidado ao parto.