gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic generation of intelligent diagram editors (2003)

The intelligent diagram is a recent metaphor for diagramming in which the underlying graphic editor parses the diagram as it is being constructed, performing error correction and collecting geometric constraints that capture the relationships between diagram components. During diagram manipulation a constraint solver uses these geometric constraints to maintain the diagram's semantics. We introduce the Penguins system. This automates the development of graphical editors that support the intelligent diagram metaphor. It takes a grammatical specification of a particular diagram language and generates an editor specialized for the creation, manipulation and parsing of diagrams in that visual language. We extend previous research in this area by allowing more expressive grammars, performing automatic error correction, and detailing how efficient incremental parsing has been achieved. We also provide an empirical evaluation of the system. This shows that the system can be used to generate customized editors for a wide variety of diagram languages, ranging from state transition diagrams to mathematical equations, with real-time incremental parsing and error correction.
Rapid identification of micro-organisms from urinary tract infections by  -glucuronidase, phenylalanine deaminase, cytochrome oxidase and indole tests on isolation media (1994)

Two commercially available media recommended for the isolation and rapid identification of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections were supplemented with L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan. The non-selective medium proved suitable for the direct detection of lactose fermentation, beta-glucuronidase and phenylalanine deaminase activities, indole production and the oxidase test. It was highly efficient in making a presumptive identification at species level of the most common gram-negative urinary pathogens, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, that account for c. 85% of all urinary isolates. Among the gram-positive isolates, most colonies were non-fluorescent and could be separated into staphylococci and enterococci on the basis of the catalase test. Fluorescent colonies were found to be Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates, 61% of which were fluorescent. The selective medium proved suitable for the same biochemical tests, with the exception of indole, which was not visible against the red colour of the medium. Therefore, the differentiation of P. mirabilis from other Proteus-Providencia species was impossible on this medium.
The Poynting vector field and the energy flow within a transformer (1986)

The Poynting vector field of a transformer with two separated coils and long, parallel arms has the same distribution as that of a pair of parallel electric conductors. The magnetic field between the arms of a transformer plays the same important role for the energy transport in a transformer as does the electric field for the transport of energy between the conductors of a conductor pair. In the latter case, the energy current (=power) P is given by the familiar expression P=UI, where U is the electric tension between the conductors and I the electric charge current through them. In the former case, we find an analogous expression P=UmIm for the energy current in a transformer. Here Um is the magnetic tension Um=∫ dr H between the arms of the transformer (H=magnetic field vector) and Im=−∫ dA Ḃ is the Hertz magnetic current (Ḃ=the time derivative of the magnetic induction B) through them. An experiment will be described which shows that the energy loss in a transformer is related to a magnetic potential drop within each of the two arms of the transformer.
Enantioselective Ring Opening of Meso Aziridines Catalyzed by Tridentate Schiff Base Chromium(III) Complexes (1999)

[formula: see text] A catalytic method for the enantioselective ring opening of meso aziridines by TMSN3 is described. Tridentate Schiff base chromium complexes derived from 1-amino-2-indanol were identified as the optimal catalysts.
K-Mer Counting Using Bloom Filters with an FPGA-Attached HMC (2017)

As FPGAs are integrated into to the cloud, they become useful in a number of areas where they were not traditionally considered, such as processing genomics data. For many genomics applications, such as K-mer counting, the off-chip DRAM (and sometimes SRAM) memory subsystems provided by most FPGA boards for high capacity storage are not efficient. Recently new styles of memory have been developed, though their role in reconfigurable computing systems can be unclear. One of the challenges these memory systems present to FPGA designers is identifying how they can be used in current systems, and what new applications become possible. In this paper we describe how and why K-mer counting is one such use for an FPGA-attached Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC). The HMC's high random-access rate is ideal for large Bloom filters, an efficient structure for checking membership in a set, or even counting occurrences. Our HMC based counting Bloom filter, useful in a bioinformatics context, achieves a speedup of 13x over traditional FPGA-attached DRAM and 9.31x to 17.6x over multi-core, multi-threaded software on our host system.
Search for preferential sputtering in Ag/Au alloys (1976)

Sputtering yields from AgxAu1−x alloys were obtained by 20Ne+ ion scattering spectroscopy in order to detect preferential sputtering effects. Selective sputtering and concomitant enrichment of the sputtered surface was not observed, implying that the ion yield does not change with alloy composition. (AIP)
Web2Exchange: A Model-Based Service Transformation and Integration Environment (2009)

The rush is on to service-enable everything, and those that fail to capitalize on this trend will be left behind in the marketplace. While new applications can be written for this environment, substantial value exists in legacy applications and systems. Successfully service enabling these applications is not easy for software vendors due to the complexity of integration. To address this problem, we focus on the issue of service specification using models which clearly capture the scope, capability and state of a service. Such models make integration of services more certain and can allow previously incompatible services to be combined more easily. We have prototyped Web2Exchange, a platform for modeling, transforming and integrating services. We have publicly demonstrated the platform by showcasing a "mashup" of the HP Opencall Media platform with web-based calendaring in November of 2008. Since then, we have developed additional services on the platform, and are beginning to make the platform available to others outside of our organization.
An aberrant sugar modification of <scp>BACE</scp> 1 blocks its lysosomal targeting in <scp>A</scp> lzheimer's disease (2015)

The β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), an essential protease for the generation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, is a major drug target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is a concern that inhibiting BACE1 could also affect several physiological functions. Here, we show that BACE1 is modified with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a sugar modification highly expressed in brain, and demonstrate that AD patients have higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc on BACE1. Analysis of knockout mice lacking the biosynthetic enzyme for bisecting GlcNAc, GnT-III (Mgat3), revealed that cleavage of Aβ-precursor protein (APP) by BACE1 is reduced in these mice, resulting in a decrease in Aβ plaques and improved cognitive function. The lack of this modification directs BACE1 to late endosomes/lysosomes where it is less colocalized with APP, leading to accelerated lysosomal degradation. Notably, other BACE1 substrates, CHL1 and contactin-2, are normally cleaved in GnT-III-deficient mice, suggesting that the effect of bisecting GlcNAc on BACE1 is selective to APP. Considering that GnT-III-deficient mice remain healthy, GnT-III may be a novel and promising drug target for AD therapeutics.
Amphetamine Derivative Fatalities in South Australia-Is "Ecstasy" the Culprit? (1998)

The number of deaths due to amphetamine derivatives apparently due to substitution of PMA for MDMA (Ecstasy) have recently increased markedly in Adelaide. Potential users should be warned that PMA has been associated with a much higher rate of lethal complications than other designer drugs, and that no guarantee can be made that tablets sold as Ecstasy are not PMA.
Formation of Porous Carbon Materials from Phenol-formaldehyde Resin and Their Adsorption Characteristics (1997)

In order to obtain porous carbon materials with meso pores, Phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR) containing sawdust was immersed in 50wt % KOH aqueous solution and heated to 973 - 1223 K in N2 (PFR-saw dust). Meanwhile PF resin carbonized at 873K was mixed with an excess amount of KOH, and heated to 1073 K in N2 (PFR-KOH). The carbons thus obtained were investigated pore structure by measurement of BET surface area and pore-size distribution. Adsorption behaviour of Phenol, Aniline and DBS from aqueous solution was studied and adsorption tests for various kinds of organic vapor were also carried out. PFR-sawdust and PFR-KOH had surface areas of 1, 500 and 3, 000 m2/g, respectively. PFR-sawdust AC showed high adsorption capacity for liquid phase. A large number of open pores formed on the external surface whose diameter was 2 - 5μm. It seems that these pores were formed by gasification of sawdust with KOH.
EPIPHYSEAL DISLOCATIONS IN SCURVY (1941)

1. Scorbutic epiphysiolysis is rare in infancy.

2. Microscopic lattice fractures and the loss of the periosteal cuff are the factors responsible for the slipping.

3. A natural realignment of shaft and epiphysis takes place following the use of vitamin C, which leads to recovery without deformity or disability.
Effects of age on diet-induced thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue metabolism in the rat. (1983)

Measurements of energy balance, thermogenic responses to noradrenaline and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity were performed in male Lister-hooded rats aged 3.5 and 6.5 months, and fed either a pelleted control diet or a palatable cafeteria diet for 15 d. Cafeteria feeding produced increases in energy intake of 34 and 30 per cent in 3.5 and 6.5-month-old rats respectively, and energy expenditure was elevated by 25 and 10 per cent in these groups. Three-and-a-half-month-old cafeteria-fed rats gained more energy than their controls, but net energetic efficiency was significantly reduced, while in the older cafeteria rats, body energy gain was markedly increased without any apparent effect on net efficiency. The thermogenic response to noradrenaline was enhanced by cafeteria feeding at both ages. The younger cafeteria-fed rats showed significant increases in the mass, protein content and mitochondrial yield of BAT, and the activity of the mitochondrial proton conductance pathway, assessed from GDP-binding, was greater than their controls. The 6.5-month-old cafeteria group also showed hypertrophy of BAT and small, but not significant, increases in the protein content of the tissue and mitochondrial GDP-binding. These results demonstrate that rats aged 3.5 months can exhibit diet-induced thermogenesis and activate BAT in response to overfeeding, but the capacity for thermogenesis declines with age and was virtually absent in 6.5-month-old rats.
Lymphocyte Receptor Movement Induced by Sheep Erythrocyte Binding (1973)

Abstract When lymphocytes are exposed to reagents such as anti-immunoglobulin which cross-link cell surface determinants, those determinants may be drawn toward one pole of the cell into a “cap” (see References 2, 3). Sheep erythrocytes bound to mouse spleen rosette-forming cells induce receptor redistribution similar to that produced by anti-immunoglobulin in two respects: 1) the kinetics and proportion of cells participating are highly temperature-dependent, and 2) the movements require active metabolism, but not protein synthesis. Erythrocyte-induced capping is slower than anti-immunoglobulin-induced capping and involves a smaller proportion of binding cells. By immunofluorescence the surface immunoglobulin is usually seen to move with the erythrocytes, but in about half the cases, the clearing of immunoglobulin is incomplete. Anti-immunoglobulin accelerates erythrocyte-induced capping, but fails to involve a larger proportion of cells unless a second order of cross-linking is introduced.
The Operational Space Framework (1993)

Robot dynamics has been traditionally viewed from the perspective of a manipulator's joint motions, and significant effort has been devoted to the development of joint space dynamic models and control methodologies. However, the limitations of joint space control techniques, especially in constrained motion tasks, have motivated alternative approaches for dealing with task-level dynamics and control. The operational space formulation, which falls within this line of research, has been driven by the need to develop mathematical models for the description, analysis, and control of robot dynamics with respect to task behavior. In this article, we review the operational space task-level models and discuss the various control methodologies that have been developed in this framework. These include : the unified motion and force control approach ; the notion of dynamic consistency in redundant manipulator control ; the reduced effective inertia property associated with macro-/mini-manipulator systems and the dextrous dynamic coordination strategy proposed for their control ; and the augmented-object model for the control of robot systems involving multiple manipulators.
Improving run times by pruned application of synthesis transforms (2005)

In this paper, we describe methods to speed up integrated placement and synthesis of high performance designs. We present an analysis of the computation times of various logic synthesis transforms. We then show techniques to reduce computation time based upon judicious selection of gates and nets for the resizing and buffering transforms, respectively. We show that it is possible to obtain savings of up to 28% in CPU time without compromising the quality of the results. For large high performance designs that are quite common these days our savings could translate into several hours of CPU time.
Educating for the future (1988)

Abstract It is not easy, at this time, to know what to say about this topic or what to do about educating for the future in South Africa. We are faced with an historically monstrous situation, with a political order which has lost its legitimacy and is increasingly dependent on blatant repression to maintain itself, and with very little by way of precedent to help us through the minefield.
The analysis of skills in driving (1964)

The skills involved in driving a motor vehicle may be analysed in terms of known characteristics of human performance, the most significant of which is the rate at which it is possible to make successive decisions. In this paper, recent findings on human performance are used to build a conceptual model of the human operator as a decision maker, and this, in turn, is used to derive principles to be followed in the design of transport systems. While few of these design principles will be new to many traffic engineers they may appear more meaningful when viewed in the light of this analysis (a). This paper was presented to the highways and traffic engineering branch of the Melbourne division of the Institution of Engineers, Australia on 12 June 1963.
The Corepressor mSin3A Regulates Phosphorylation-Induced Activation, Intranuclear Location, and Stability of AML1 (2004)

The AML1 (RUNX1) gene, one of the most frequent targets of translocations associated with human leukemias, encodes a DNA-binding protein that plays pivotal roles in myeloid differentiation through transcriptional regulation of various genes. Previously, we reported that AML1 is phosphorylated on two serine residues with dependence on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, which positively regulates the transcriptional activity of AML1. Here, we demonstrate that the interaction between AML1 and the corepressor mSin3A is regulated by phosphorylation of AML1 and that release of AML1 from mSin3A induced by phosphorylation activates its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, phosphorylation of AML1 regulates its intranuclear location and disrupts colocalization of AML1 with mSin3A in the nuclear matrix. PEBP2 beta/CBF beta, a heterodimeric partner of AML1, was shown to play a role in protecting AML1 from proteasome-mediated degradation. We show that mSin3A also protects AML1 from proteasome-mediated degradation and that phosphorylation-induced release of AML1 from mSin3A results in degradation of AML1 in a time-dependent manner. This study provides a novel regulatory mechanism for the function of transcription factors mediated by protein modification and interaction with cofactors.
Surface Brillouin scattering of cubic boron nitride films (2002)

Surface Brillouin scattering has been used to determine the elastic properties of thin hard submicron cubic boron nitride (cBN) films grown on silicon by mass selected ion beam deposition. The elastic properties of the films have been determined by fitting experimental data to theoretical dispersion curves. A Green’s function method was used to predict Brillouin scattering spectra of the acoustic excitation at the free surface. Our results demonstrate that the effect of the thin hexagonal boron nitride interlayer located between cBN film and the Si substrate on the velocity of the surface acoustic wave does not exceed 2% for a thin (16 nm) film and is negligible for cBN films thicker than 100 nm. The elastic properties of the cBN films are not softer than those of bulk cBN.
Production of Alkaline Enzymes by Alkalophilic Microorganisms Part III (1972)

Bacillus No. P-4-N isolated from soil produced an alkaline polygalacturonase (APGase) in alkaline media. The characteristic point of this microorganism was especially good growth in alkaline media, and that very poor growth was detected in neutral media such as nutrient broth. An important factor for the production of APGase was the addition of manganese to the medium containing sodium carbonate, which was also another imporant factor. The APGase of Bacillus No. P-4-N was purified by Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose columns followed by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The enzyme was most active at pH 10_??_10.5 and stable pH was about 6. The enzyme was heat stable: about 80% of the activity remained after heating at 80°C for 5 min. Calcium ion was effective to stimulate the activity and to stabilize the enzyme. The molecular weight estimated by Sephadex gel filtration method was 6_??_7×104. The enzyme was completely inactivated by EDTA, but not by urea, NaCl and PCMB. The enzyme split poly, galacturonic acid at random and yielded galacturonic acid, digalacturonic acid and higher oligogalacturonic acids. If the enzyme is a single entity, it is a type of liquefying APGase.
Small molecule TSC01682 inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth by specifically disrupting the CUL4B-DDB1 interaction and decreasing the ubiquitination of CRL4B E3 ligase substrates. (2019)

The direct interaction between Cullin 4B (CUL4B) and DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) is required for the assembly of Cullin4B-RING <i>E3</i> ligase complex (<i>CRL4B</i>), which are involved in the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma through ubiquitinating and degrading multiple tumor suppressors and cell cycle regulators. Thus, targeting CUL4B-DDB1 interaction to prevent the assembly of CRL4B may be a potent approach to inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth. In the present study, we identified six naturally-sourced small molecules that can specifically disrupt the CUL4B-DDB1 interaction using an <i>in vitro</i> high-throughput screening (HTS) system in yeast. We focused our investigation on revealing the molecular effects of TSC01682, the most active compound capable of inhibiting osteosarcoma cell growth. Biochemically, TSC01682 significantly repressed the CUL4B-DDB1 interaction in both yeast cells and osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, TSC01682 treatment in osteosarcoma cells also caused a decrease of other CRL4B components including CUL4-associated factor 11 (DCAF11) and DCAF13, but an increase of two CRL4B substrates including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A, also known as p21) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) through inhibiting their ubiquitination. Consistent with these molecular changes, TSC01682 treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and <i>in vivo</i> tumor growth. Collectively, our results suggest that TSC01682 is a potent compound capable of disrupting the CUL4B-DDB1 interaction, and it may be developed as a chemotherapeutic drug for osteosarcoma treatment.
Should patients with brain implants undergo MRI? (2018)

Patients suffering from neuronal degenerative diseases are increasingly being equipped with neural implants to treat symptoms or restore functions and increase their quality of life. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would be the modality of choice for the diagnosis and compulsory postoperative monitoring of such patients. However, interactions between the magnetic resonance (MR) environment and implants pose severe health risks to the patient. Nevertheless, neural implant recipients regularly undergo MRI examinations, and adverse events are rarely reported. However, this should not imply that the procedures are safe. More than 300 000 cochlear implant recipients are excluded from MRI, unless the indication outweighs the excruciating pain. For 75 000 deep brain stimulation (DBS) recipients quite the opposite holds true: MRI is considered an essential part of the implantation procedure and some medical centres deliberately exceed safety regulations, which they refer to as crucially impractical. Permanent MRI-related neurological dysfunctions in DBS recipients have occurred in the past when manufacturer recommendations were exceeded. Within the last few decades, extensive effort has been invested to identify, characterise and quantify the occurring interactions. Yet today we are still far from a satisfying solution concerning a safe and beneficial MR procedure for all implant recipients. To contribute, we intend to raise awareness of the growing concern, summon the community to stop absurdities and instead improve the situation for the increasing number of patients. Therefore, we review implant safety in the MRI literature from an engineering point of view, with a focus on cochlear and DBS implants as success stories of neural implants in clinical practice. We briefly explain fundamental phenomena which can lead to patient harm, and point out breakthroughs and errors made. Then, we end with conclusions and strategies to avoid future implants from being contraindicated in MR examinations. We believe that implant recipients should enter MRI, but before doing so, it should be made sure that the procedure is reasonable.