gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiframe Image Point Matching and 3-D Surface Reconstruction (1983)

This paper presents two new methods, the Joint Moment Method (JMM) and the Window Variance Method (WVM), for image matching and 3-D object surface reconstruction using multiple perspective views. The viewing positions and orientations for these perspective views are known a priori, as is usually the case for such applications as robotics and industrial vision as well as close range photogrammetry. Like the conventional two-frame correlation method, the JMM and WVM require finding the extrema of 1-D curves, which are proved to theoretically approach a delta function exponentially as the number of frames increases for the JMM and are much sharper than the two-frame correlation function for both the JMM and the WVM, even when the image point to be matched cannot be easily distinguished from some of the other points. The theoretical findings have been supported by simulations. It is also proved that JMM and WVM are not sensitive to certain radiometric effects. If the same window size is used, the computational complexity for the proposed methods is about n - 1 times that for the two-frame method where n is the number of frames. Simulation results show that the JMM and WVM require smaller windows than the two-frame correlation method with better accuracy, and therefore may even be more computationally feasible than the latter since the computational complexity increases quadratically as a function of the window size.
Involvement of Vulnibactin and Exocellular Protease in Utilization of Transferrin‐ and Lactoferrin‐Bound Iron by <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> (1996)

In vitro growth experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of vulnibactin, a siderophore produced by Vibrio vulnificus, to sequester transferrin- or lactoferrin bound iron for growth. Comparative studies with the strain producing vulnibactin and its exocellular protease-deficient mutant revealed the involvement of the protease in addition to vulnibactin in effective utilization of iron ion (Fe3+) bound to transferrin and lactoferrin. It appears that the protease causes cleavage of these proteins, thereby making bound iron more accessible to vulnibactin.
Fast SSFP gradient echo sequence for simultaneous acquisitions of FID and echo signals (1988)

Recently, the gradient echo imaging sequence in conjunction with small flip angle excitations and short repetition times has been widely used for fast NMR imaging. As the repetition time decreases to an extent comparable to the spin-spin relaxation time T2, the residual phase coherency of the transverse spin magnetization tends to form another nuclear signal which is heavily weighted by T2 and similar to a long TR/long TE spin-echo signal. This effect, although expected, has not been utilized in the conventional fast gradient echo imaging. When this residual phase coherency is utilized in conjunction with the fast SSFP (steady-state free precession) technique, both the FID and the echo signals can be obtained. In this paper, we have proposed a new technique by which simultaneous acquisitions of both the FID and the echo signals are possible. Experiments on this fast SSFP mode imaging have shown that the FID signal is T1-weighted while the echo signal is strongly T2-weighted. The flip angle optimal for maximizing signal and related contrast are also studied in conjunction with the proposed sequence and the experimental results are presented.
Wnt antagonism initiates cardiogenesis in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (2001)

Heart induction in Xenopus occurs in paired regions of the dorsoanterior mesoderm in response to signals from the Spemann organizer and underlying dorsoanterior endoderm. These tissues together are sufficient to induce heart formation in noncardiogenic ventral marginal zone mesoderm. Similarly, in avians the underlying definitive endoderm induces cardiogenesis in precardiac mesoderm. Heart-inducing factors in amphibians are not known, and although certain BMPs and FGFs can mimic aspects of cardiogenesis in avians, neither can induce the full range of activities elicited by the inducing tissues. Here we report that the Wnt antagonists Dkk-1 and Crescent can induce heart formation in explants of ventral marginal zone mesoderm. Other Wnt antagonists, including the frizzled domain-containing proteins Frzb and Szl, lacked this activity. Unlike Wnt antagonism, inhibition of BMP signaling did not promote cardiogenesis. Ectopic expression of GSK3beta, which inhibits beta-catenin-mediated Wnt signaling, also induced cardiogenesis in ventral mesoderm. Analysis of Wnt proteins expressed during gastrulation revealed that Wnt3A and Wnt8, but not Wnt5A or Wnt11, inhibited endogenous heart induction. These results indicate that diffusion of Dkk-1 and Crescent from the organizer initiate cardiogenesis in adjacent mesoderm by establishing a zone of low Wnt3A and Wnt8 activity.
Making Set-Constraint Program Analyses Scale (1996)

this paper, it is sufficient to consider the core type language defined below, which avoids these irregularities. We still use the full type language in examples, however. The core type language distinguishes between &quot;left&quot; types ø
The Design, Selection, and Evaluation of Highly Specific and Functional siRNA Incorporating Unlocked Nucleobase Analogs (2012)

The efficient and specific silencing of genes via RNA interference (RNAi) for functional genomics and therapeutics depends on careful consideration of the factors that affect the functionality of small interfering RNA (siRNA). These factors include (1) the length of sequence available for siRNA targeting of an mRNA, (2) the structural and thermodynamic properties of target and siRNA sequences, (3) the mechanisms of siRNA off-target effects, and (4) the susceptibility of siRNA degradation when exposed to nucleases in serum and inside cells. Incorporation of Unlocked Nucleobase analogs (UNAs) in the siRNA design offers an attractive approach to design highly efficacious siRNAs with dramatically reduced off-target activity. Here, we describe methods and principles pertaining to the design, selection and screening of optimal siRNAs containing UNA.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free, Atom‐Efficient Suzuki—Miyaura Type Cross‐Coupling Reactions at Room Temperature. (2010)

Abstract The PdCl 2 ‐catalyzed cross coupling of sodium tetraarylborates (I) proceeds in an atom‐efficient manner with four equivalents of aryl bromides or iodides under mild reaction conditions (open air atmosphere, room temperature, ligand‐free).
Chemische Untersuchung des Präzipitates aus Hämoglobin und Anti-Hämoglobin-Serum und Bemerkungen über die Natur der Antikörper. (1930)

Article Chemische Untersuchung des Präzipitates aus Hämoglobin und Anti-Hämoglobin-Serum und Bemerkungen über die Natur der Antikörper. was published on January 1, 1930 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 192, issue 1-3).
Bafilomycin A1 disrupts autophagic flux by inhibiting both V-ATPase-dependent acidification and Ca-P60A/SERCA-dependent autophagosome-lysosome fusion (2015)

Autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autolysosome acidification constitute late steps in the autophagic process necessary to maintain functional autophagic flux and cellular homeostasis. Both of these steps are disrupted by the V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1, but the mechanisms potentially linking them are unclear. We recently revisited the role of lysosomal acidification in autophagosome-lysosome fusion, using an in vivo approach in Drosophila. By genetically depleting individual subunits of the V-ATPase, we confirmed its role in lysosomal acidification and autophagic cargo degradation. Surprisingly, vesicle fusion remained active in V-ATPase-depleted cells, indicating that autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autolysosome acidification are 2 separable processes. In contrast, bafilomycin A1 inhibited both acidification and fusion, consistent with its effects in mammalian cells. Together, these results imply that this drug inhibits fusion independently of its effect on V-ATPase-mediated acidification. We identified the ER-calcium ATPase Ca-P60A/dSERCA as a novel target of bafilomycin A1. Autophagosome-lysosome fusion was defective in Ca-P60A/dSERCA-depleted cells, and bafilomycin A1 induced a significant increase in cytosolic calcium concentration and disrupted Ca-P60A/SERCA-mediated fusion. Thus, bafilomycin A1 disrupts autophagic flux by independently inhibiting V-ATPase-dependent acidification and Ca-P60A/SERCA-dependent autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
Improvements of nuclear magnetic resonance image quality using iterations of adaptive nonlinear filtering (1993)

To improve nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) image quality, a method using iterations of adaptive nonlinear filtering is presented. The method utilizes the properties of an NMR image's noises which are spike-like in the local region. An NMR image is iteratively filtered by a mode-change-type nonlinear filter which has two modes. The first mode reduces small amplitude noises in the NMR image, so that the S/N ratio of the image is improved, and then the residual noises become more spike-like. The second mode mainly reduces large amplitude spike-like noises of the image improved by the first mode, which cannot reduce spike-like noises. Using the proposed iterative filter, it is found by simulations that the S/N ratio of the NMR image is improved by as much as a factor of 2.7. A significant improvement in the image quality when this filter is used is demonstrated by applying it to an NMR image of a human head obtained from an actual NMR imaging apparatus.
Intelligent Waste Separator (2015)

Nowadays, trash has become a problem in the society and the ecosystem due to the way people get rid of it. Most of garbage is buried or burnt or even kept in places to which it does not belong. Big volumes of garbage thrown away and the methods used to store it cause air, water, and soil pollution. Fortunately, people can count on other methods to reduce the quantity of produced litter. An answer is recycling by re-using the materials. Currently, the traditional way to separate waste is to use different containers for each kind of waste separating trash manually, which does not always work. The aim of this paper is to present an Intelligent Waste Separator (IWS) which can replace the traditional way of dealing with waste; the proposed device receives the incoming waste and places it automatically in different containers by using a multimedia embedded processor, image processing, and machine learning in order to select and separate waste.
Branching Problems of Unitary Representations (2002)

The irreducible decomposition of a unitary representation often contains con­ tinuous spectrum when restricted to a non-compact subgroup. The author singles out a nice class of branching problems where each irreducible summand occurs discretely with finite multiplicity (admissible restrictions). Basic theory and new perspectives of admissible restrictions are presented from both analytic and algebraic view points. We also discuss some applications of admissible restrictions to modular varieties and Lp-harmonic analysis.
Combined ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope scanning electron microscope system (1996)

We describe a combined ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM)–scanning electron microscope (SEM) system, which allows to position the STM tip with respect to the sample within an area of 5 mm×5 mm under SEM control. While the SEM resolution is sufficient to clearly resolve sub-μm structures on the samples, the STM features atomic resolution on semiconductor surfaces. The combination of SEM and STM allows high-resolution studies on inhomogeneous samples in materials research as well as the use for micro- and nanoelectronic device characterization or device modification. The STM performance was checked by atomically resolved imaging of Si(111) (7×7) surfaces. The STM/SEM combination and its application in device characterization is demonstrated by the investigation of vertically grown resonant tunneling diodes on an AlAs/GaAs basis. Due to its performance the system has a high potential for high-resolution imaging in materials research, for novel device characterization and nanoscale structuring or modification of very small devices.
Temporary Remissions in Acute Leukemia in Children Produced by Folic Acid Antagonist, 4-Aminopteroyl-Glutamic Acid (Aminopterin) (1948)

IT IS the purpose of this paper to record the results of clinical and hematologic studies on 5 children with acute leukemia treated by the intramuscular injection of a synthetic compound, 4-aminopteroylglutamic acid (aminopterin). This substance is an antagonist to folic acid regarding the growth of Streptococcus faecalis R. The occurrence of what he interpreted as an "acceleration phenomenon" in the leukemic process as seen in the marrow and viscera of children with acute leukemia treated by the injection of folic acid conjugates1 — pteroyltriglutamic acid (teropterin) and pteroyldiglutamic acid (diopterin) — and an experience gained from studies on folic . . .
An Algorithm for Autonomous Formation Obstacle Avoidance (2013)

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2013
Effects of Chain-length of Alkane Substrate on Fatty Acid Composition and Biosynthetic Pathway in Some Candida Yeasts (1973)

Cellular fatty acid compositions of Candida tropicalis pK 233 and Candida lipolytica NRRL Y -6795 and the time-course changes during yeast growth were studied using individual n-alkanes of various chain lengths (from C11 to C18) and a mixture of n-alkanes (C11 to C18) as a sole carbon source. Observed relationships of the chain-length of n-alkane substrate to time-course changes and final patterns of the fatty acid compositions of these yeasts, especially those of the cells grown on odd-carbon alkanes, indicated that “intact incorporation mechanism,” that is, accumulation of the fatty acid having the same chain-length as that of the alkane substrate used was predominant in the yeasts cultivated on a longer alkane such as n-heptadecane and n-octadecane. On the other hand, “chain elongation pathway” and “de novo synthesis pathway” following β-oxidation of substrate were simultaneously operative in the cells growing on a relatively shorter alkane such as undecane and dodecane.
Effect of Soybean Hulls, Soy Lecithin, and Soapstock Mixtures on Ruminal Fermentation and Milk Composition in Dairy Cows (1998)

Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of soybean hulls, soy lecithin, and soapstock mixtures on ruminal fermentation, milk composition, and ruminal microbial populations. In Experiment 1, 20 Holstein dairy cows were assigned to one of five total mixed rations (TMR) in replicated 5 x 5 Latin squares to measure the effect of TMR on intake and milk composition. Four ruminally fistulated cows were used in a 4 x 5 Youden square to measure the effect of TMR on ruminal fermentation. The TMR consisted of 40 or 50% alfalfa and corn silages, 13% soybean hulls, and 47 or 37% of a concentrate containing either 2.25% soybean oil; 2.25% lipid from a mixture of soybean hulls, soy lecithin, and soapstock; or no added lipid. The ratios of soy lecithin to soapstock evaluated were 1:1, 2.5:1, and 4:1 (dry basis). The TMR containing soy lecithin and soapstock at ratios of 1:1 and 2.5:1 resulted in higher milk C18:2 than did the soybean oil TMR. Rate of ruminal NDF digestion of soybean hulls was reduced for the soybean oil TMR. In Experiment 2, a semi-continuous culture system was used to determine effects of soybean oil or an optimal mixture of soy lecithin and soapstock (1:1, wt/wt) on fermentation of soybean hulls and microbial populations. The TMR containing the lipid mixture increased the ratio of acetate to propionate compared with the TMR containing soybean oil and resulted in higher total protozoal counts than did the control TMR. The TMR containing mixtures of soy lecithin and soapstock at ratios of 1:1 and 2.5:1 elevated milk C18:2, and no negative effect on NDF digestion was detected, indicating some degree of ruminal protection.
Absolute configuration of .alpha.-tert-butylphenylacetic acid and some derivatives (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsolute configuration of .alpha.-tert-butylphenylacetic acid and some derivativesDennis R. Clark and Harry S. MosherCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 4, 1114–1118Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00829a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00829a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluating the performance of middleware load balancing strategies (2004)

This work presents three contributions to research on middleware load balancing. First, it describes the design of Cygnus, which is an extensible open-source middleware framework developed to support adaptive and nonadaptive load balancing strategies. Key features of Cygnus are its ability to make load balancing decisions based on application-defined load metrics, dynamically (re)configure load balancing strategies at run-time, and transparently add load balancing support to client and server applications. Second, it describes the design of LBPerf, an open-source middleware load balancing benchmarking toolkit developed to evaluate load balancing strategies at the middleware level. Third, it presents the results of experiments that systematically evaluate the performance of adaptive load balancing strategies implemented using the Cygnus middleware framework using workloads generated by LBPerf. The workloads used in our experiments are based on models of CPU-bound requests that are representative of a broad range of distributed applications. Our experiments with LBPerf illustrate the need for evaluating different adaptive and nonadaptive load balancing strategies under different workload conditions. In addition to assisting in choosing a suitable load balancing strategy for a particular class of distributed applications, our empirical results help configure run-time parameters properly and analyze their behavior in the presence of different workloads. Our results also indicate that integrating Cygnus into distributed applications can improve their scalability, while incurring minimal run-time overhead. As a result, developers can concentrate on their core application behavior, rather than wrestling with complex middleware mechanisms needed to enhance the scalability of their distributed applications.
Recombinant Expression of Molybdenum Reductase Fragments of Plant Nitrate Reductase at High Levels in <i>Pichia pastoris</i>  (2000)

Mo reductase (MoR; formerly cytochrome c reductase) fragments of NADH:NO(3) reductase (NR; EC1.6.6.1) were cytosolically expressed in Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast, using spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and corn (Zea maize) cDNAs. In fermenter cultures, spinach MoR was expressed at 420 mg L(-1), corn MoR at 32 mg L(-1), and corn MoR plus with putative NR interface domain N terminus (MoR+) at 17 mg L(-1). Constitutively expressed MoR+ was structurally stable while it was degraded when expressed by methanol induction, which suggests methanol growth produces more proteinase. Methanol-induced expression yielded more target protein. All three MoR were purified to homogeneity and their polypeptides were approximately 41 (MoR) and approximately 66 (MoR+) kD. MoR was monomeric and MoR+ dimeric, confirming the predicted role for dimer interface domain of NR. MoR+, although differing in quaternary structure from MoR, has similar kinetic properties for ferricyanide and cytochrome c reductase activities and visible spectra, which were like NR. Redox potentials of MoR and MoR+ were similar for flavin, whereas MoR+ had a more negative potential for heme-iron. Reaction schemes for MoR catalyzed reactions were proposed based on fast-reaction rapid-scan stopped-flow kinetic analysis of MoR. P. pastoris is an excellent system for producing the large amounts of NR fragments needed for detailed biochemical studies.
Cyber-physical Threats and Vulnerabilities Analysis for Train Control and Monitoring Systems (2018)

Cyber-physical security is a major concern for the new generation of trains. In fact, trains are increasingly relying on automation, control and communication technologies in order to improve the efficiency and safety of their services as well as the comfort of passengers. This dependency introduces certainly new vulnerabilities and entry points to the system which exposes the system to new threat scenarios. This paper deals with cyber-physical security aspects of Train Control and Monitoring Systems (TCMSs). We analyse vulnerabilities and characteristics of railway threat landscape including potential threats, threats agents and motivations. We discuss, also, direct impacts and cascading consequences on the whole system as well as the risk generated.
Law, Responsibility, and the Brain (2007)

Archaeological discoveries of traumatic injuries in primitive hominid skulls strongly hint that one's species has a long history of violence. Important legal questions such as moral blameworthiness, culpability, responsibility, and the likelihood of recidivism depend to some degree on improved understandings of human behaviour. Neuroscience may have important implications for both how one's understand the multiple influences on violent behaviour and how the legal system may better engage with violent criminals. Research linking the brain to anti-social and criminal behaviour also raises neurophilosophical questions concerning one's liberty. P. Gage, a railroad worker, suffered the unfortunate experience of having an iron bar blasted through the front of his brain, which resulted in extensive damage to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). A great deal of empirical research demonstrates that mental illness is higher in incarcerated populations and estimates that as many as 25" of defendants evaluated for competency are medically and legally incompetent to stand trial.