gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coping With Systems Risk: Security Planning Models for Management Decision Making1 (1998)

The likelihood that the firm’s information systems are insufficiently protected against certain kinds of damage or loss is known as “systems risk.” Risk can be managed or reduced when managers are aware of the full range of controls available and implement the most effective controls. Unfortunately, they often lack this knowledge, and their subsequent actions to cope with systems risk are less effective than they might otherwise be. This is one viable explanation for why losses from computer abuse and computer disasters today are uncomfortably large and still so potentially devastating after many years of attempting to deal with the problem. Results of comparative qualitative studies in two information services Fortune 500 firms identify an approach that can effectively deal with the problem. This theory-based security program includes (1) use of a security risk planning model, (2) education/training in security awareness, and (3) Countermeasure Matrix analysis.
Examining the zinc binding site of the amyloid‐β peptide (2000)

The amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is a principal component of insoluble amyloid plaques which are characteristic neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Abeta also exists as a normal soluble protein that undergoes a pathogenic transition to an aggregated, fibrous form. This transition can be affected by extraneous proteinaceous and nonproteinaceous elements, such as zinc ions, which may promote aggregation and/or stabilization of the fibrils. Protein chelation of zinc is typically mediated by histidines, cysteines and carboxylates. Previous studies have demonstrated that the Abeta-Zn2+ binding site is localized within residues 6-28 and that histidines may serve as the principal sites of interaction. To localize key residues within this region, a series of Abeta peptides (residues 1-28) were synthesized that contained systematic His/Ala substitutions. Circular dichroism and electron microscopy were used to monitor the effects of Zn2+ on the peptide beta-sheet conformation and fibril aggregation. Our results indicate that substitution of either His13 or His14 but not His6 eliminates the zinc-mediated effects. These observations indicate a specific zinc binding site within Abeta that involves these central histidine residues.
MyMobiHalal 2.0: Malaysian mobile halal product verification using camera phone barcode scanning and MMS (2008)

With the steady growth and affordability of camera phones, more mobile applications are necessary. Nowadays the mobile industry began to pay more attention to barcode applications for domestic users need. This paper describes a mobile-based support application for Muslims to identify the Halal status (prepared in accordance to Islamic law) of the product using mobile device. We argue that our MMS camera phone-based application is an economical and effective way to speed up the Halal verification process as opposed to text entry in SMS. This paper discusses the barcode concept and its applications in consumer product industry. First we analyze the issue of Halal among the Muslim consumers and how mobile technology can be used. Then we discuss the framework and design of our system that we called MyMobiHalal 2.0.
Actin content and polymerization in tumour, liver and serum of the hepatoma Morris 5123 tumour bearing rats. (1996)

Monomeric G-actin, total actin and filamentous F-actin were examined during the growth of experimental tumour hepatoma Morris 5123. Actin was measured by the inhibition of the standard DNase I from bovine pancreas. A remarkable increase in total actin, and F-actin content, as well as in the state of actin polymerization (measured by the F:G actin ratio) was shown in the cytosol of the tumour cells in the second week of the tumour growth, followed by a rapid decrease in the third week. Parallel observations were made in the cytosol of the liver and in the serum of the tumour bearing rats. The results were compared with the data obtained for control healthy rats. It was shown that hepatoma Morris tumour growth is accompanied by the changes in the actin content and polymerization, occurring also in the liver of the host animal. Only G-actin was found in the serum. It increased significantly in the second week of tumour growth as compared with the G-actin level in the serum of the control healthy rats.
Use of an enhanced Escherichia coli opal suppressor strain to screen a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae library (1995)

Many mycoplasma genes contain internal UGA (opal) codons because of their use as tryptophan coding codons. This results in a lack of expression of many cloned mycoplasma antigenic epitopes in Escherichia coli. It has been shown that opal suppressors can be used to enhance expression of defined mycoplasma gene sequences, but no studies have been published using E. coli suppressor strains to screen mycoplasma gene libraries for immunoreactive epitopes. The E. coli suppressor strain ISM612 was used to screen a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Lambda gene library. This strain contained an inducible opal suppressor, trpT, as well as the release factor 2 mutation prfB3. Strain ISM612 was shown to enhance antibody recognition of cloned mycoplasmal gene sequences.
Population isolates: their special value for locating genes for bipolar disorder (2001)

Possible greater homogeneity and greater consistency of diagnosis are factors that have been cited in several studies of BP done in isolates to date. Another special advantage of working in certain types of population isolate is their appropriateness for using certain types of association or linkage disequilibrium-based approaches at both the genome screening and fine mapping stages. These tests include mapping by linkage disequilibrium analyses, an approach that allows mapping to occur at the population, rather than the pedigree, level.
Suburban gardens in south-west London as homes for subterranean beetles (1999)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (2000)

The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is one of the archetypical multiple congenital malformation syndromes. The recent discovery of the biochemical cause of SLOS and the subsequent redefinition of SLOS as an inborn error of cholesterol metabolism have led to important new treatment possibilities for affected patients. Moreover, the recent recognition of the important role of cholesterol in vertebrate embryogenesis, especially with regard to the hedgehog embryonic signalling pathway and its effects on the expression of homeobox genes, has provided an explanation for the abnormal morphogenesis in the syndrome. The well known role of cholesterol in the formation of steroid hormones has also provided a possible explanation for the abnormal behavioural characteristics of SLOS.
Studies on murine sarcoma virus: antigenic characterization of murine sarcoma virus induced tumor cells (1969)

Abstract The antigenicity of Murine Sarcoma Virus (MSV) transformed mouse, rat and hamster cells has been studied by several techniques designed to detect surface antigens. Antigens were readily demonstrated on neoplastic mouse and rat cells. There was complete cross‐reactivity between cells induced by the Harvey (MSV‐H) or Moloney (MSV‐M) strains of MSV and by Moloney Leukemia Virus (MLV). No evidence of a distinct or separate „MSV‐non‐MLV”︁ antigen could be obtained by cross absorptions of MSV/MLV antisera and cells, or by tests designed to break MLV tolerance. Such results favor the view that MSV and MLV are closely related entities. With the 8303 line of MSV‐M transformed hamster cells serological tests revealed little if any reactivity with strongly positive mouse anti‐MSV/MLV antisera. In one test, however, immunization of mice with these cells gave some degree of protection against syngeneic MSV sarcoma.
Glutathione-coated Cadmium-Sulfide Crystallites in Candida glabrata (1989)

Cadmium-sulfide crystallites form in the yeast Candida glabrata cultured in the presence of cadmium salts. The particles function to sequester and detoxify intracellular cadmium ions. The crystallites are peptide-coated, but the coating peptide varies with the nutrient conditions of the growth medium. When cultured in rich nutrient broth the yeast forms intracellular CdS particles coated with a mixture of glutathione and the gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptide. In contrast, cultures in synthetic minimal medium yield particles coated with polymerized gamma EC peptides of general structure (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly. Glutathione/gamma-glutamylcysteine particles exhibit properties analogous to quantum, semiconductor-type crystallites. The optical properties are dependent on particle size, and irradiation results in photoluminescence and photoreduction not observed in bulk CdS mineral. Aerobic irradiation leads to particle decomposition presumably via oxidation of the sulfide ions within the crystallite.
Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance in meningioma, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme patients (2006)

The balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines is thought to be an important factor in terms of tumour prognosis. Serum samples from 61 newly diagnosed patients with brain tumours and 50 age- and sex-matched non-tumour controls were analysed by ELISA for circulating levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12p70 and p40) and interleukin-10 (IL-10); pivotal Th1 and Th2 cytokines, respectively. Patients were divided into various groups depending on their histological diagnosis: meningioma (n=11), anaplastic astrocytoma (n=4) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; n=46). Significant reduction in serum IL-12 was seen in all groups as compared with the controls: meningioma, p=0.03; anaplastic astrocytoma, p<0.001; and GBM, p<0.001. Conversely, serum IL-10 was significantly increased in anaplastic astrocytoma, p=0.02, and GBM, p=0.03. The changes in the serum cytokines were not caused by the effects of steroids, as sequential analysis of patients pre- and post-steroid treatment commencement showed no difference. This study shows that patients with advanced primary intracranial malignancies have decreased circulating IL-12 and increased circulating IL-10, demonstrating that brain tumours have a major systemic effect on the immune system.
Immunologic classification of lymphocytic leukemias based on monoclonal antibody-defined cell surface antigens (1982)

A panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with normal lymphocyte subsets was used to classify cases of lymphocytic leukemia on the basis of cell surface antigen expression. The antibodies employed were commercially available and included a common framework HLA-DR antibody, two pan-T antibodies (Leu-1 and OKT-3), and antibodies defining cytotoxic/suppressor (Leu-2 and OKT-8) and helper/inducer (Leu-3 and OKT-4) subpopulations of normal T lymphocytes. Cases of ALL could be subgrouped into non-T non-B, pre-T and T-ALL on the basis of reactivity with HLA-DR, Leu-1, and OKT-3 antibodies. Leukemic cells from patients with T-cell CLL could be divided into Leu-2/OKT-8 reactive and Leu-3/OKT-4 reactive subpopulations, as well as a subgroup in which the majority of cells were unreactive with either of these antibodies. With the exception of one individual, all Sézary cell leukemias expressed a phenotypic pattern similar to that of the Leu-3 subgroup of T-CLL. Malignancies of B-cell lineage (B-CLL, prolymphocytic leukemia, and lymphosarcoma) that were examined were reactive with both the HLA-DR and Leu-1 antibodies. On the contrary, normal B lymphocytes and lymphoid cell lines of B-cell origin did not express surface antigens recognized by the Leu-1 antibody.
Synthese von Pyrrol‐ und Indol‐Derivaten (1964)

Abstract Die Synthese von 3‐Methyl‐pyrrol aus β‐Keto‐butyraldehyd‐dimethylacetal wird beschrieben. Die Methylierung des Enamins vom β‐Keto‐butyraldehyd mit Dimethylsulfat führt unter O ‐Methylierung zu X. Beim Behandeln dieses Salzes mit K 2 CO 3 ‐Lösung entsteht β‐Methoxy‐crotonaldehyd (XI). — Die Umsetzung von 2‐Äthoxy‐3.4‐dimethyl‐pyrrol (XIV) mit Chlorameisensäureester und Pyridin führt zum Bis‐[pyridyl‐(4)]‐pyrrol XX. Bei der Reduktion verschiedener 2‐Äthoxy‐Pyrrol‐Derivate mit Diboran entstehen Pyrrole mit freier α.α′‐Stellung (XXI, XXIV). Die entsprechende Reduktion von 2‐Äthoxy‐indol ergibt in 66‐proz. Ausbeute Indol, das mit Diboran weiter zum Indolin reduziert wird. Tetrahydronaphthostyril (XXV) läß sich über die Äthoxyverbindung XXVlI in 1.3.4.5‐Tetrahydro‐benz[ cd ]indol (XXIX) verwandeln.
A molecular model of the complete three-dimensional structure of the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I: binding of the dNTP substrate and template-primer (1992)

A complete three-dimensional structure of the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (pol I) has been proposed on the basis of molecular modeling and molecular mechanics studies using available C alpha coordinates. The structure seems quite reliable because the overall surface of electrostatic potentials calculated for the molecularly modeled enzyme closely resembles that reported for the X-ray structure. The modeled structure is then used in developing a ternary complex of dTTP and (dA)25-(dT)14 poised in its active site. The orientation of both substrates in the ternary complex was primarily guided by the amino acid residues which had been known to interact with dNTP and DNA substrates from earlier studies. The proposed model (a) explains the geometrical and physicochemical relationship of the two substrates with the various critical amino acid residues involved in the binding process and (b) suggests possible roles for additional residues in the binding and/or polymerization reaction. Furthermore, the ternary complex appears to satisfy many biochemical and genetic data concerning catalytic requirements known to exist for the polymerization reaction.
A Tutorial on Dual Decomposition and Lagrangian Relaxation for Inference in Natural Language Processing (2012)

Dual decomposition, and more generally Lagrangian relaxation, is a classical method for combinatorial optimization; it has recently been applied to several inference problems in natural language processing (NLP). This tutorial gives an overview of the technique. We describe example algorithms, describe formal guarantees for the method, and describe practical issues in implementing the algorithms. While our examples are predominantly drawn from the NLP literature, the material should be of general relevance to inference problems in machine learning. A central theme of this tutorial is that Lagrangian relaxation is naturally applied in conjunction with a broad class of combinatorial algorithms, allowing inference in models that go significantly beyond previous work on Lagrangian relaxation for inference in graphical models.
RPN4 is a ligand, substrate, and transcriptional regulator of the 26S proteasome: A negative feedback circuit (2001)

The RPN4 (SON1, UFD5) protein of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for normal levels of intracellular proteolysis. RPN4 is a transcriptional activator of genes encoding proteasomal subunits. Here we show that RPN4 is required for normal levels of these subunits. Further, we demonstrate that RPN4 is extremely short-lived (t(1/2) approximately 2 min), that it directly interacts with RPN2, a subunit of the 26S proteasome, and that rpn4Delta cells are perturbed in their cell cycle. The degradation signal of RPN4 was mapped to its N-terminal region, outside the transcription-activation domains of RPN4. The ability of RPN4 to augment the synthesis of proteasomal subunits while being metabolically unstable yields a negative feedback circuit in which the same protein up-regulates the proteasome production and is destroyed by the assembled active proteasome.
Implementing the context tree weighting method for text compression (2002)

The context tree weighting method is a universal compression algorithm for FSMX sources. Though we expect that it will have a good compression ratio in practice, it is difficult to implement it and in many cases the implementation is only for estimating compression ratio. Though Willems and Tjalkens (1997) showed a practical implementation using not block probabilities but conditional probabilities, it is used for only binary alphabet sequences. We extend the method for multi-alphabet sequences and show a simple implementation using PPM techniques. We also propose a method to optimize a parameter of the context tree weighting for binary alphabet case. Experimental results on texts and DNA sequences show that the performance of PPM can be improved by combining the context tree weighting and that DNA sequences can be compressed in less than 2.0 bpc.
Messiah (1991)

I was at first tempted to place this chapter at the end of the book. Is not Messiah the culmination of history, a gift to writers of perorations?
Rapid Solidification Materials Synthesis with Nano-Liter Droplets (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new method of materials synthesis which uses precisely controlled nano-liter droplets and results in significant microstructure refinement is described. Streams of nano-liter droplets are delivered in their molten state to a temperature controlled substrate where they impinge and undergo rapid solidification. Nano-liter droplets travel in a vacuum environment where they experience a measured angular dispersion of the order of 1 micro-radian. The droplets are generated by capillary stream break-up. Novel methods of initiating the capillary wave instability are employed so that precise control and manipulation of inter-droplet separations, speeds and sizes can be achieved. Substrate motion allows lateral material growth by successive droplet deliveries. Initial experiments demonstrate microstructure refinement with two low-melting point alloys (Rose's metal and a bismuth-tin alloy). The method is also designed for use with higher melting point materials as well.</div>
Preparation and molecular structure of oxodihalogenobis(dialkyldithiocarbamato)molybdenum(VI) complexes (1976)

Bis(oxodialkyldithiocarbamato)molybdenum(VI) complexes react with concentrated hydrohalogenic acids to yield the novel compounds [MoOX2(S2CNR2)2](where X = F, Cl, or Br; R = Me, Et, or Prn). The crystal structure of the complex (I)[MoOCl2(S2CNEt2)2] confirms that the compounds are seven-co-ordinate. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/C with a= 8.900(2), b= 17.500(4), c= 12.703(3)Å, β= 110.16(3)°. The structure was refined to R 0.040 by use of 2 350 independent reflections measured by diffractometer. In order to establish the generality of the cis-mer configuration, the structure of the compound (II)[MoOBr2(S2CNEt2)2] was also studies. Crystals are triclinic, space group P, with a= 9.952(3), b= 13.974(5), c= 7.548(3)Å, α= 75.69(3), β= 108.23(3), γ= 99.70(3)°. Its geometry is essentially the same as that of (I) and its structure was refined to R 0.056 by use of 3 081 independent reflections. I.r. and far-i.r. spectra are discussed.
Computer-based Mathematics and Physics for Gifted Remote Students (1999)

Since 1985 the Education Program for Gifted Youth (EPGY) at Stanford University has been developing a series of stand-alone multi-media computer-based distancelearning mathematics and physics courses from the elementary school through the university level. Because these courses are used in situations where students do not have access to regular classroom instruction, we have had to make essential use of the computer both as an instructional agent and as a tool for media-distributed learning. We discuss our experience over the last fourteen years developing software and delivering effective instruction.
LiveLabs (2013)

We believe that, for successful adoption of novel mobile technologies and applications, it is important to be able to test them under real usage patterns, and with real users. To implement this vision, we present our initial effort in building LiveLabs, a large-scale mobile testbed for in-situ experimentation. LiveLabs is unique in two aspects. First, LiveLabs operates on a scale much larger than most research testbeds it is being deployed in four different public spaces in Singapore (a university campus, a shopping mall, an airport and a leisure resort), and is expected to have a pool of over 30,000 opt-in participants. Second, LiveLabs not only instruments smartphones and the infrastructure to gather deep individual and collective context, but also provides a unique experimentation platform that automates many aspects of behavioral experimentation, such as subject selection and context-triggered delivery of interventions. We briefly describe some of the research challenges associated with building such a large-scale deep-context collection testbed, as well as the current status of LiveLabs. We then share our perspectives on the challenges of setting up and operating such testbeds, with the expectation that our experiences will prove useful to other researchers looking to build similar testbeds elsewhere.
Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Applications: Review on Converter Cells and Functionalities (2014)

In this paper, the principle of modularity is used to derive the different multilevel voltage and current source converter topologies. The paper is primarily focused on high-power applications and specifically on high-voltage dc systems. The derived converter cells are treated as building blocks and are contributing to the modularity of the system. By combining the different building blocks, i.e., the converter cells, a variety of voltage and current source modular multilevel converter topologies are derived and thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, by applying the modularity principle at the system level, various types of high-power converters are introduced. The modularity of the multilevel converters is studied in depth, and the challenges as well as the opportunities for high-power applications are illustrated.
Design, analysis and manufacturing of lattice structures: an overview (2017)

A lattice structure is a space-filling unit cell that can be tessellated along any axis with no gaps between cells. These structures are an emerging solution to weight, energy and advanced manufacturing time reduction. To date, there is no compilation of literature or state-of-the-art reviews in the lattice structure field due to their prevalence across a wide range of research areas. A systematic review would therefore aid in identifying the wide scope of lattice structure design and applications. The objective of this extensive review is to provide a summary of lattice structure literature as well as determine the latest research trends, in an attempt to identify future areas of investigation. Through the conducted research, significant limitations were identified in the lattice structure definition; a redefinition is proposed with the inclusion of a reference system as well as widening the scope to include scaled unit cell tessellation as a primary topology. This compilation of limitations and future work might provide a clearer understanding of technological and theoretical limitations regarding lattice structures, as well as highlighting areas of further research required in the design, design analysis, manufacturing, application and characterisation areas of lattice structures.