gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Breakdown of Thinned BaO–Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –SiO <sub>2</sub> Glass (2010)

The dielectric breakdown behavior of alkali‐free glass was determined as a function of thickness and surface roughness. The thickness of commercially available glass (as‐received thickness=50 μm) was reduced to a range of thicknesses between 47 and 5 μm by chemical etching. The RMS surface roughness of the as‐received glass was in the range of 0.14–0.47 nm, and the surface roughness increased to up 10 nm after etching; it was also found that agitating the etching solution by ultrasound reduced the overall surface roughness. The evaluation of these samples revealed that the dielectric breakdown strength increased as the thickness decreased. However, the Weibull modulus representing the distribution of dielectric strengths showed a dependence on the surface roughness of the etched glass. A power law dependence, E B ∝ d − n , where d is the glass thickness and n= 0.14 and 0.86, has been found to fit the data in the respective thickness ranges of 5–20 and 25–50 μm. Self‐healing behavior, which allows the dielectric to continue to support a high electric field after breakdown, was found to be more likely as the dielectric layer thickness decreased. The susceptibility to self healing was correlated with the stored electrostatic energy and latent heat of vaporization for the gold electrode material.
Design of a slew rate controlled output buffer (2002)

Due to the wide range of IC operating conditions, designing I/O drivers does not constitute a trivial task. Output ringing due to over-drive as well as power noise due to simultaneous switching of output drivers must be avoided. A structure of an output driver is proposed that uses capacitance feedback to control the output slew, reducing the power noise. The transition time of the resulting driver is shown to be constant over a large range of output loading conditions. A description is given of a driver implemented in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Real-time multielement monitoring of airborne particulate matter using ICP-MS instrument equipped with gas converter apparatus (2008)

The real-time multielement monitoring of airborne particulate matter (APM) was carried out using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument equipped with a newly developed gas converter apparatus. By using the gas converter apparatus, gas molecules in the air sample and Ar molecules were almost completely exchanged and the gas-converted air sample could be directly introduced into ICP-MS instruments. Fe in clean room and outdoor air samples was directly measured using the ICP-MS instrument equipped with the converter apparatus. The signal intensities of Be, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U in the outdoor air sample were successfully measured at every 8 min for 77 h.
Identification and characterization of a 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element in the human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene promoter. (1992)

The regulation of human corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH) gene promoter activity by inducers of cAMP was investigated by transient transfection with a construct containing the hCRH gene promoter fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. Expression of hCRH-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was strongly enhanced by forskolin in the neuroblastoma SK-N-MC and choriocarcinoma JAR cell lines. Overexpression of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A dispensed the need for forskolin, and cotransfection of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein cDNAs enhanced forskolin-dependent expression of the hCRH promoter. Progressive 5'-end deletions of the hCRH promoter delineated a cAMP- responsive region between -226 and -164 base pairs. This fragment contained the sequence TGACGTCA at -221 base pairs, consistent with the consensus motif for a CRE. A homologous oligonucleotide responded to cAMP when cloned in either orientation in front of the thymidine kinase promoter. However, the level of constitutive and inductive cAMP expression was dependent on the cell line and on intrinsic properties of the promoter. Mutation of the wild type CRH-CRE sequence into an AP-1 site (TGAGTCA) completely abolished stimulation by cAMP. In contrast, coexpression of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A dispensed the need for stimulation with forskolin, which showed that the CRH-CRE oligonucleotide served as a functional equivalent of the native CRE element.
Adapting Object Detectors via Selective Cross-Domain Alignment (2019)

State-of-the-art object detectors are usually trained on public datasets. They often face substantial difficulties when applied to a different domain, where the imaging condition differs significantly and the corresponding annotated data are unavailable (or expensive to acquire). A natural remedy is to adapt the model by aligning the image representations on both domains. This can be achieved, for example, by adversarial learning, and has been shown to be effective in tasks like image classification. However, we found that in object detection, the improvement obtained in this way is quite limited. An important reason is that conventional domain adaptation methods strive to align images as a whole, while object detection, by nature, focuses on local regions that may contain objects of interest. Motivated by this, we propose a novel approach to domain adaption for object detection to handle the issues in ``where to look'' and ``how to align''. Our key idea is to mine the discriminative regions, namely those that are directly pertinent to object detection, and focus on aligning them across both domains. Experiments show that the proposed method performs remarkably better than existing methods with about 4% ~ 6% improvement under various domain-shift scenarios while keeping good scalability.
A high performance NIDS using FPGA-based regular expression matching (2007)

A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) monitors all incoming packets in the network and detects packets that are malicious to the internal system. The NIDS should also have ability to update the detection rules because new attack patterns are unpredictable. Incorporating FPGAs into the NIDS is one of the best solutions that can provide both high performance and high flexibility comparing to the other approaches such as software solutions. In this paper we propose a novel approach to design the parallel comparator of NIDS that can not only minimize additional resources but also maximize the processing performance. The performance and resource tradeoff due to the implementation of the parallel comparator in the prefix sharing is also analyzed.
<title>Large Time-Delay-And-Integration (TDI) Arrays And Focal Plane Structures With Intrinsic Silicon Response</title> (1981)

This paper is primarily a review of two recent focal plane development projects. The first focal plane consists of six 1024x64 element TDI image sensor chips mounted on a prism beam-sharer. This focal plane is designed to give a video signal with high SNR over a wide dynamic range. The second focal plane consists of a single 1024x128 element TDI image sensor chip. It is designed to perform over a wide dynamic range extending down to starlight scene illumination levels. Both chip designs employ buried channel, silicon gate CCD technology. The silicon gate sensing area is designed for maximum broadband quantum efficiency over the range 500-900nm; an average quantum efficiency over that range of 50 percent has been achieved. The sensor element in both chip designs is a 20x20 micrometer square stage of a four-phase CCD register. This element design provides high MTF and a saturation charge level of approximately 1x106 electrons/pixel as is needed for achieving high SNR. On-chip preamplifiers are designed for specific requirements of the focal planes. The chip for the first focal plane utilizes a highly linear resettable floating gate amplifier; the linearity facilitates matching of imagery generated by neighboring chips. The chip for the second focal plane has two preamplifiers which may be read out in parallel; the first handles the full dynamic range of the CCD output and the second, because of higher gain, handles only the low end of the CCD output. The high gain amplifier has operated at 1MHz sample rate with a noise equivalent signal level of approximately 20 electrons/pixel RMS.
The Allele-Specific Probe and Primer Amplification Assay, a New Real-Time PCR Method for Fine Quantification of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Pooled DNA (2011)

The evolution of fungicide resistance within populations of plant pathogens must be monitored to develop management strategies. Such monitoring often is based on microbiological tests, such as microtiter plate assays. Molecular monitoring methods can be considered if the mutations responsible for resistance have been identified. Allele-specific real-time PCR approaches, such as amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR and mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR, are, despite their moderate efficacy, among the most precise methods for refining SNP quantification. We describe here a new real-time PCR method, the allele-specific probe and primer amplification assay (ASPPAA PCR). This method makes use of mixtures of allele-specific minor groove binder (MGB) TaqMan probes and allele-specific primers for the fine quantification of SNPs from a pool of DNA extracted from a mixture of conidia. It was developed for a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that is responsible for resistance to the sterol biosynthesis inhibitor fungicide fenhexamid, resulting in the replacement of the phenylalanine residue (encoded by the TTC codon) in position 412 of the enzymatic target (3-ketoreductase) by a serine (TCC), valine (GTC), or isoleucine (ATC) residue. The levels of nonspecific amplification with the ASPPAA PCR were reduced at least four times below the level of currently available allele-specific real-time PCR approaches due to strong allele specificity in amplification cycles, including two allele selectors. This new method can be used to quantify a complex quadriallelic SNP in a DNA pool with a false discovery rate of less than 1%.
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 promotes osteogenesis within atelopeptide type I collagen solution by combination with rat cultured marrow cells (2002)

We evaluated the combination effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and cultured rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in atelopeptide type I collagen (AC) solution on osteogenesis in a diffusion chamber (DC) to develop a bone substitute having consistent osteogenic capability for clinical applications. The cultured MSCs were obtained by 10-day primary culture of fresh bone marrow cells of Fischer rats. We prepared three groups of DCs: AC solution with rhBMP-2, AC solution with cultured MSCs, and AC solution with rhBMP-2 and cultured MSCs. The prepared combined solutions were injected into DCs, which were subcutaneously implanted into the backs of syngeneic rats. DCs were harvested after 2, 4, or 8 weeks and analyzed for bone-forming capability by determining histological and osteoblastic biochemical markers. De novo bone formation was observed both inside and outside of the membrane filter of DCs in the group of AC solution with rhBMP-2 and cultured MSCs. The alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin content in the group of AC solution with rhBMP-2 and cultured MSCs were significantly higher than those in the group of AC solution with cultured MSCs at any time. These findings indicate that AC aqueous solution is a useful material not only as a carrier of rhBMP-2 but also as a cell-anchorage for differentiation and proliferation of MSCs. Therefore, this study suggests that clinical repairs of bone defects are feasible using injectable AC solution with rhBMP-2 and cultured MSCs as a bone substitute.
Thrombus NET content is associated with clinical outcome in stroke and myocardial infarction (2020)

In our detailed histologic analysis of arterial thrombi, thrombus composition and especially abundance of leukocyte subsets differed between patients with AIS and AMI. The presence and amount of NETs were associated with patients' outcome after AIS and AMI, supporting a critical impact of NETs on thrombus stability in both conditions.
Fibrin Clot Formation and Lysis: Basic Mechanisms (2000)

The hemostatic balance, introduced more than 40 years ago, addresses the components and reactions involved in fibrin turnover. Fibrin is placed in the core of this delicate balance. Defects in the mechanisms responsible for fibrin turnover might lead to thrombosis or bleeding, and fibrin consequently is an important substrate in the physiology of hemostasis. This review describes the components and processes involved in fibrin formation and fibrin degradation. Particular emphasis is put on the reactions involved in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, the polymerization of fibrin molecules induced by coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), and the degradation of fibrinogen and fibrin mediated by plasmin and elastase. Furthermore, factors influencing fibrin structure and fibrin breakdown are addressed; in particular polymorphisms in the genes coding for fibrinogen and FXIII, but also the physical and biochemical conditions in which fibrin is formed. The past decades have produced a bulk of biochemical publications reviewing fibrin turnover and fibrin structure, and it has been shown that alterations in fibrin structure are important for the development of various disease conditions, whereas, the architecture of fibrin can be modified by certain drugs and chemical compounds. However, these topics deserve increased attention in clinical settings. Of particular importance might be more detailed clinical studies that review the influence of polymorphisms in the genes coding for the key factors involved in fibrin metabolism on the development of hemostatic diseases, but also the role of elastase-induced fibrin degradation deserves increased attention.
Combined Radix-10 and Radix-16 Division Unit (2007)

In this work we extend a previously proposed digit- recurrence radix-10 division unit to be able to perform also radix-16 division. The extension is simplified by the fact that in the radix-10 implementation the quotient digit is decomposed into two parts and that this decomposition is also appropriate for the radix-16 case. Moreover, to reduce the latency in the radix- 10 the most-significant portion of the datapath, including the selection function, has been implemented in radix-2, so that the modifications of that part to include radix-16 consists mainly in combining the two modules to obtain the selection constants. The rest of the modifications relate to the generation of multiples, to the carry-save adder, to the carry-propagate adder, and to the on-the-fly conversion and rounding. The implementation results show that the delay of an iteration is similar to that of the radix-10 case and that the area is about thirty percent larger.
Crystallization and preliminary diffraction analysis of a hyperthermostable DNA polymerase from a Thermococcus archaeon (1998)

The hyperthermostable DNA polymerase from a marine Thermococcus archaeon has been crystallized in space group P212121, with unit-cell dimensions a = 94.8, b = 98.2, c = 112.2 A with one molecule per asymmetric unit. Conditions for data collection at 98 K have been identified, and a complete data set was collected to 2.2 A resolution. Strategies employed here may facilitate crystallization of other hyperthermostable proteins. The structure of this enzyme will provide the first structural data on the archaeal and hyperthermostable classes of DNA polymerases. Sequence homology to human polymerase alpha (polymerase B family) may make it a model for studying eukaryotic and viral polymerases and for the development of anti-cancer and anti-viral therapeutics.
Analysis of the Electrode Products Emitted by dc Arcs in a Vacuum Ambient (1969)

We have examined the particles emitted radially by dc arcs drawn in a vacuum ambient on cathodes of several elements, as well as the axial (through-anode) ion flux from a copper cathode. The axial results for copper agree grossly with the radial copper results. Significant quantities of multiply charged ions were seen for all elements examined. All arc volt-ampere characteristics were positive in the range of currents observed: 30 to 250 A. We drew the following conclusions (normalizing energy in units of ion energy/ion charge): (1) The energy distributions for the various ions are similar, peaking at potentials well above the arc voltage. (2) The fraction of ions that are singly charged tends to increase with increasing arc current. (3) For a given element, as the degree of ionization increases the location of the ion-energy distribution peak shifts to lower energies. (4) For a given degree of ionization, the location of the peak tends toward higher energies for elements with greater arc voltages. (5) The location of the peak shifts toward lower energies as the arc current increases. A possible mechanism for the production of ions with energies corresponding to potentials greater than the anode potential lies in the theory of a potential peak near the cathode.
Zur fraktionierung von polymeren durch direktextraktion (1977)

Abstract A method of solution fractionation by direct extraction is described for the purposes of determining molecular weight distributions and preparing almost monodisperse fractions. Unexpectedly, rapid phase equilibration is obtained by vigorous vibrational agitation of powdered polymers in corresponding solvent systems. In the case of high density polyethylene, phase equilibration proceeds within 5 min and is independent of particle size up to a diameter of 1 mm. Molecular weight distributions determined by the direct extraction technique deviate only slightly from those obtained by conventional gel permeation chromatography. Besides polyethylene also other well‐known polymers were fractionated by this method. It is especially well applicable to partially crystalline polymers, but less applicable to amorphous polymers.
Stereochemical Control of Both C−C and C−N Axial Chirality in the Synthesis of Chiral <i>N</i>,<i>O-</i>Biaryls (2007)

A Rh(I)-catalyzed asymmetric [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of achiral ynamides is described here. This work demonstrates a unique concept of stereochemical control of both the C-C and C-N axial chirality and provides an approach to the synthesis of chiral N,O-biaryls as well as chiral anilides.
Über Derivate einiger Chinolincarbonsäuren (1966)

Abstract Es wird die Synthese von Estern und Amiden der Cinchoninsäure, der 7‐Chlorchinolin‐4‐carbonsäure, ihrer Tetrahydro‐ und Dekahydroverbindungen beschrieben.
Design of novel high strength bainitic steels: Part 1 (2001)

Mixed microstructures consisting of fine plates of upper bainitic ferrite separated by thin films of stable retained austenite have seen many applications in recent years. There may also be some martensite present, although carbides are avoided by the judicious use of silicon as an alloying element. The essential principles governing the optimisation of such microstructures are well established, particularly that large regions of unstable high carbon retained austenite must be avoided. With careful design, impressive combinations of strength and toughness have been reported for high silicon bainitic steels. The aim of the present work was to ascertain how far these concepts could be extended to achieve unprecedented combinations of strength and toughness in bulk samples subjected to continuous cooling transformation, consistent with certain hardenability and processing requirements. Thus, this paper (part 1 of a two part study) deals with the design, using phase transformation theory, of a series of bainitic alloys, given a set of industrial constraints. Part 2 of the study concerns the experimental verification of the design process. © 2001 IoM Communications Ltd.
Essential factors influencing building penetration loss (2008)

This paper investigates radio wave propagation into buildings illuminated from an outdoor base station with an antenna above the rooftop. Field strength measurements are taken in four buildings in urban microcells. Results of the performed experiment as well as those of several other authors are analysed and the most important factors influencing building penetration loss have been discussed namely angle of incidence, external wall configuration, receiver height and significance of non-line-of-sight surface of the building.
A Logic-Based Approach to Web Services Composition and Verification (2009)

Services composition is a challenging research issue which comprises services composition and verification. Existing solutions focus on either composition or verification. In this paper, we propose such a complete solution using temporal logic of actions (TLA). Firstly we model Web services as automata, and use TLA to describe it; then generate composition proposals in a generic conceptual service set and verify it with TLC (a model checker of TLA). Given services composition proposals, we use signature and specification matching to select the proper services from service communities. The approach uses the idea of divide&conquer, which separates selecting services from the procedure of services composition. The experimental results demonstrate our approach is more effective than existing methods.
The Galileo Ground Segment Integrity Algorithms: Design and Performance (2008)

Galileo, the European Global Navigation Satellite System, will provide to its users highly accurate global positioning services and their associated integrity information. The element in charge of the computation of integrity messages within the Galileo Ground Mission Segment is the integrity processing facility (IPF), which is developed by GMV Aerospace and Defence. The main objective of this paper is twofold: to present the integrity algorithms implemented in the IPF and to show the achieved performance with the IPF software prototype, including aspects such as: implementation of the Galileo overbounding concept, impact of safety requirements on the algorithm design including the threat models for the so‐called feared events, and finally the achieved performance with real GPS and simulated Galileo scenarios.
Chromosomal banding patterns in human large bowel cancer (1981)

Cytogenetic banding studies were performed on direct preparations from 31 large bowel tumors. Twenty-eight of these were from primary sites and three from metastases. Some distinctive patterns were observed. The 31 tumors were separable into four groups: (1) Tumors with normal karyotypes (three cases); (2) tumors with simple gains of chromosomes (three cases); (3) tumors with gains, losses and structural aberrations (ten cases). Groups 1, 2 and 3 were all in the diploid range; and (4) tumors with hypotriploid-hypotetraploid karyotypes (15 cases). Non-random gains of several chromosomes, especially No. 8 and non-random losses of No. 17 were seen in this series. Thirteen cases had sex chromosome abnormalities. The most prominent structural abnormalities involved chromosomes No. 1 and No. 5. Marker chromosomes were sometimes absent, but when present ranged from simple translocations to the most complex rearrangements. Doubling of chromosome and/or marker chromosomes were prominent in Group 4. Double minutes were seen in all three metastatic tumors and three primary cancers. Premature chromosome condensation was observed in three cases in the hypotriploid-hypotetraploid group.