gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformational analysis of hairpin oligodeoxyribonucleotides by a single-strand-specific nuclease (1986)

Hairpin-forming oligodeoxynucleotides d[ATCCTA(A)NTAGGAT] with n = 3-6 were subjected to nuclease digestion with the nuclease from mung bean. Cleavage occurs only in the loop region of the hairpin molecules. In detail, the number and intensity of cleavage sites were determined in relation to the length of the loop, the temperature and the salt concentration. The restricted accessibility of mung bean nuclease to the loop bases adjacent to the helical region of all hairpins is due to a reduced exposure of these bases in presence of a certain Mg2+ concentration. With increasing temperature the exposure of these bases is increased. It is deduced that the bases adjacent to the helix increase the length of the latter by stacking, the degree of which is dependent on the number of loop bases.
Comparative carcinogenic activity of prednimustine, chlorambucil, prednisolone and chlorambucil plus prednisolone in Sprague-Dawley rats. (1985)

This study compares long term toxic effects of equivalent doses of prednimustine (12 mg/kg) chlorambucil (3 mg/kg), prednisolone (3 mg/kg) and chlorambucil plus prednisolone (3 mg/kg each) in comparison to vehicle treated controls after regular administration over a period of 18 months to 600 female Sprague Dawley rats. Frequency of administration to subgroups (30 rats each) varied between 9 (a), 4.5 (b), 2 (c) times or once (d) a month. When comparing organ specific, age-adjusted expected versus observed incidences after natural death of animals an increased tumor risk was found in organ systems of all treatment modalities but prednisolone. Prednimustine-administration was related to an elevated risk of developing squamous-cell carcinomas of the external auditory canal only (alpha = 0.013), whereas simultaneous application of chlorambucil plus prednisolone induced significantly higher rates of adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland, of malignant tumors of the central and peripheral nervous tissue and of squamous cell carcinomas of the external auditory canal (alpha less than 0.01 for each tissue). Chlorambucil alone caused a significantly higher rate of malignancies of the hematopoietic and lymphatic tissue (alpha less than 0.01) additionally to effects observed after the unlinked mixture of chlorambucil plus prednisolone. There is evidence of carcinogenic activity of prednimustine compared to untreated controls, but the cancer-inducing potential of the linked compound is distinctly lower than that of the unlinked mixture of chlorambucil plus prednisolone or of chlorambucilalone.
Monte Carlo investigation of the charge sharing effects in 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe gamma ray spectrometers (1999)

Charge sharing effects in a 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe detector have been investigated by Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements. The charge sharing is mainly caused by the range of electrons, X-ray emission following by photoelectric interactions, and the diffusion of charge carrier electrons during their drift towards the anodes. A simple model has been developed to include the diffusion effect in the Monte Carlo simulation. Good agreement has been achieved for various irradiation and bias conditions. Based on our model simulations, a 1 mm optimal pixel size is recommended for future 1 cm thick CZT detectors for 662 keV gamma rays.
Block time and frequency domain modified covariance algorithms (1992)

A block modified covariance algorithm (BMCA) is proposed for autoregressive (AR) parametric spectral estimation. The BMCA can be implemented either in the time or in the frequency domain with the latter being more efficient in high-order AR estimation. Although the BMCA operates on a block of data it allows for both block and sequential (sample-by-sample) updates. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in terms of computational complexity and convergence characteristics. Results are given for narrowband and broadband processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of component size and orientation on the concentrations of metal ions after resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip (2008)

Increased concentrations of metal ions after metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip remain a concern. Although there has been no proven link to long-term health problems or early prosthetic failure, variables associated with high metal ion concentrations should be identified and, if possible, corrected. Our study provides data on metal ion levels from a series of 76 consecutive patients (76 hips) after resurfacing arthroplasty with the Articular Surface Replacement. Chromium and cobalt ion concentrations in the whole blood of patients with smaller (<or= 51 mm) femoral components were significantly higher than in those with the larger (>or= 53 mm) components (p < 0.01). Ion concentrations in the former group were significantly related to the inclination (p = 0.01) and anteversion (p = 0.01) of the acetabular component. The same relationships were not significant in the patients with larger femoral components (p = 0.61 and p = 0.49, respectively). Accurate positioning of the acetabular component intra-operatively is essential in order to reduce the concentration of metal ions in the blood after hip resurfacing arthroplasty with the Articular Surface Replacement implant.
Interpolation des fonctions de deux variables suivant le principe de la flexion des plaques minces (1976)

Interpolation des fonctions de deux variables suivant le principe de la flexion des plaques minces
Algorithm 446: Ten subroutines for the manipulation of Chebyshev series (1973)

Introduction. These subroutines deal with the manipulation of Chebyshev series. The operations performed are the construction of the Chebyshev approximation of functions, the evaluation of the series or their derivative, the integration or differentiation, and the construction of negative or fractional powers of such a series.
Time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) evaluation of PE-ALD SiN gate dielectrics on AlGaN/GaN recessed gate D-mode MIS-HEMTs and E-mode MIS-FETs (2015)

This paper reports a comprehensive time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) evaluation of recessed-gate devices with five different AlGaN barrier thicknesses with characteristics ranging from a D-mode MIS-HEMT to an E-mode MIS-FET. First, the fitted parameter β (the slope of the Weibull distribution) was smaller for a deeper recessed gate and larger for a thicker gate dielectric. Secondly, the extrapolated V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</inf> (criterium of 0.01% failures after 20 years) for the devices with Wg (gate width) = 10μm was lower when less AlGaN barrier remains under the gate. However, the extrapolated V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</inf> was increased when the AlGaN barrier was completely removed. Thirdly, a deeper recessed gate could result in a dominant percolation path due to a thinner gate dielectric on the sidewall of the gate recess edge. Fourthly, the Weibull distribution could scale with the gate width, indicating an intrinsic failure. Finally, the lifetime was extrapolated to 0.01% of failures for W <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> =36mm at 150 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C after 20 years by fitting the data with a power law or an exponential law to gate voltages of 4.9V and 7.2V, respectively.
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms in recessed LED luminaires (2009)

Reduced maintenance cost due to the long life of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has attracted the lighting community to this rapidly evolving lighting technology. A high LED junction temperature negatively affects the performance of LEDs. To realize the long-life potential of LEDs, proper thermal management is necessary. This paper describes a numerical and experimental investigation of thermal solutions for an LED recessed downlight under passive cooling. Different heat transfer mechanisms and their contributions for keeping the LED junction at lower temperatures also were analyzed.
The Synthesis of 5-Substituted-2, 4-dimethoxypyrimidines and Some Related Nucleoside Analogues (1992)

Abstract The reaction of 5-formyl-2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine with active methylene compounds in the Knoevenagel reaction and the subsequent nucleoside formation reactions of some of the products was investigated. A new synthesis of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil and an improved synthesis of 5-formyl-2′,3′-isopropylidene uridine are reported.
α1 Adrenergic Agonist Induction of p21 mRNA Stability in Transfected HepG2 Cells Correlates with the Increased Binding of an AU-rich Element Binding Factor (2000)

Stimulation of transfected HepG2 cells (TFG2) with the alpha(1)-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE) significantly activated p21(waf1/cip1) gene expression without affecting p53 gene expression. Northern blotting and reporter assay demonstrated that this induction was due to PE stimulation of p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA stability. To further define the underlying mechanism, we prepared a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)-p21(waf1/cip1) 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) hybrid construct by inserting the 3'-UTR of p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA just downstream from the CAT coding sequence and transfected it into TFG2 cells. PE treatment enhanced the activity of this construct by 6-fold. Deletion analyses indicated that an AU-rich element (AURE) located between 553 to 625 within the p21(waf1/cip1) 3'-UTR was required for this induction. RNA gel shift assays demonstrated that this AURE bound an RNA-binding protein. This protein has been purified 5000-fold from PE-treated TFG2 cells by heparin-Sepharose and RNA affinity chromatography. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, UV cross-linking, and Northwestern analyses indicated the molecular mass of this protein as 24 and 52 kDa. Finally, PE treatment markedly enhanced this RNA-protein binding by a p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. These data suggest that the AURE located between 553 and 625 within the p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA 3'-UTR, which binds an RNA-binding protein, is responsible for PE-induced p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA stability.
Distribution of Type I, II, III and V in the Pepsin Solubilized Collagens in Bovine Menisci (1987)

The inner one-third (IM) of both lateral and medial menisci resembles hyaline cartilage, both in gross appearance and histological examination, while the outer two-thirds (OM) is fibrocartilaginous in appearance. Collagen was extracted with pepsin, purified with anion and cation exchange column chromatographies and examined by differential salt precipitation, cyanogen bromide-peptide analysis and SDS gel electrophoresis. IM constitutes approximately 10% of the wet weight of whole meniscus, is made up of 70% collagen of which 34% is pepsin soluble. IM is composed of 60% type II and 40% type I collagen. OM is made up of 80% collagen of which 17% is pepsin soluble. The predominant collagen of OM is type I with a trace amount of types III and V (less than 1%).
TACOA – Taxonomic classification of environmental genomic fragments using a kernelized nearest neighbor approach (2009)

An accurate multi-class taxonomic classifier was developed for environmental genomic fragments. TACOA can predict with high reliability the taxonomic origin of genomic fragments as short as 800 bp. The proposed method is transparent, fast, accurate and the reference set can be easily updated as newly sequenced genomes become available. Moreover, the method demonstrated to be competitive when compared to the most current classifier PhyloPythia and has the advantage that it can be locally installed and the reference set can be kept up-to-date.
The effects of ovarian extracts upon activity of the guinea pig uterus in situ. (1953)

Studies of the chemical properties of a uterine relaxing factor (URF), obtained from aqueous extracts of sows9 ovaries indicate that the active agent is non-dialyzable, stable to heat, and sensitive to the action of proteolytic enzymes and a variety of reducing agents. It is concluded that URF is a protein or polypeptide. URF activity is also displayed by both crude and purified relaxin preparations, and comparison of the occurrence of URF and relaxin in various tissues suggests a close relationship between the two substances. The possible relationship of protein-like hormones of the reproductive tract to changes in uterine motility have been discussed.
Topology construction in RPL networks over beacon-enabled 802.15.4 (2014)

In this paper, we propose a new scheme that allows coupling beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 with the RPL routing protocol while keeping full compliance with both standards. We provide a means for RPL to pass the routing information to Layer 2 before the 802.15.4 topology is created by encapsulating RPL DIO messages in beacon frames. The scheme takes advantage of 802.15.4 command frames to solicit RPL DIO messages. The effect of the command frames is to reset the Trickle timer that governs sending DIO messages. We provide a detailed analysis of the overhead incurred by the proposed scheme to understand topology construction costs. We have evaluated the scheme using Contiki and the instruction-level Cooja simulator and compared our results against the most common scheme used for dissemination of the upper-layer information in beacon-enabled PANs. The results show energy savings during the topology construction phase and in the steady state.
LXIV.—The chemical action of Bacillus coli communis and similar organisms on carbohydrates and allied compounds (1901)

A. Harden, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1901, 79, 610 DOI: 10.1039/CT9017900610
Random and block copolymers of poly(tetramethyl‐<i>p</i>‐silphenylene‐siloxane) and polydimethylsiloxane (1964)

Abstract High molecular weight block copolymers having the structure [(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] a [(CH 3 ) 2 ‐Si‐ p ‐C 6 H 4 ‐Si(CH 3 ) 2 O]( b ) n , can be conveniently prepared from the copolymerization of hydroxy end‐blocked dimethylpolysiloxanes and p ‐bis(dimethylhydroxysilyl)benzene by use of essentially nonequilibrating catalysts, such as tetramethylguanidine di‐2‐ethylhexoate or n ‐hexylamine 2‐ethylhexoate. The values of a and b above may be altered by employing hydroxy‐ended dimethylpolysiloxane of different degrees of polymerization or by preforming tetramethyl‐ p ‐silphenylene‐siloxane units. If the length of a segment is maintained at a constant value in the copolymers decreasing the mole ratio a / b results in higher tensile strengths and higher melting points which are manifestations of increased degrees of crystallinity. If the mole ratio a / b is held constant, increasing the length of the a and b segments leads to higher melting points and higher tensile strengths again reflecting an increase in the degree of crystallinity. High molecular weight copolymers [η] ranging from 1.0 to 2.1, possessing unstressed (unvulcanized) gum tensiles of 1000–2700 psi and elongations of 500–1000% can be readily obtained by the methods described.
xi li liu suan yan zi tu kang jian qiang du te xing shi yan yan jiu (2014)

影响天然硫酸盐渍土强度的因素众多,规律难以探索。为确定含盐量对硫酸盐渍土抗剪强度的影响,通过直剪试验研究了不同含盐量的硫酸盐渍土抗剪强度特性。研究表明:在直剪应力状态下,剪应力-剪切位移关系曲线有应变硬化(加工硬化)和应变软化(加工软化)两种形态,取决于含盐量、含水量、法向应力等因素。抗剪强度包线近似为折线型,与传统结构性土体包线形态一致,表明了硫酸盐渍土在直剪应力状态下仍然属于结构性土体。易溶盐含量对抗剪强度影响较大,总的变化趋势是:随着含盐量的增加,相同法向应力作用下的硫酸盐渍土的抗剪强度有不同程度的先减小后增大再减小的特点。当含水量ω=21%时,粘聚力c随易溶盐含量的增大呈指数形式的增长,c∈[2.9kPa,10.4kPa];当ω=25%时,c∈[3.2kPa,12.4kPa];内摩擦角φ随易溶盐含量的增大变化范围较小,总体的变化趋势呈现出先减小后增加再减小的特点;当ω=21%时,φ∈[11.5°,13.4°];在ω=25%时,φ∈[10.6°,12.9°]。
800V ultra-high-voltage start-up mechanism for pre-regulator in power factor correction (PFC) controller (2011)

The on-chip 800V ultra-high-voltage (UHV) start-up mechanism was introduced in this paper. Using the UHV start-up mechanism can minimize the current leakage at the AC input and remove the need of external start-up resistor and capacitor. As a result, the standby current can be decreased to improve the efficiency of AC-DC systems. Furthermore, the zero current detection (ZCD) circuit was used here to ensure the work of the pre-regulator. An inductance coil will detect the primary inductance current and reflect the voltage, which is detected by ZCD circuit to provide the energy to the pre-regulator. The test circuit fabricated in TSMC 800V UHV process can show the highly-integrated PFC controller. Experimental results demonstrate low THD of 8%, which results in high PF of 99%. Certainly, high efficiency of 95% can be ensured at the output power of 50W.
<i>Phoma etheridgei</i> sp.nov. from black galls and cankers of trembling aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) and its potential role as a bioprotectant against the aspen decay pathogen <i>Phellinus tremulae</i> (1994)

Phoma etheridgei is described and illustrated from isolates obtained from the bark of black galls and cankers of trembling aspen in Alberta. Comparisons are made with Phoma enteroleuca and several other mostly wood-inhabiting Phoma spp. using morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics. A key is provided for the differentiation of Phoma spp. that could potentially be isolated from Populus wood. Phoma etheridgei produced antifungal compounds that were strongly inhibitory in vitro to the aspen decay pathogen Phellinus tremulae on agar, in liquid media and on aspen wood chips, and may play a role in the natural ecosystem as an antagonist to Phellinus tremulae. Key words: Phoma etheridgei, taxonomy, black gall, antifungal metabolites, biological control, Phellinus tremulae, Populus tremuloides.
An Investigation to Optimize Angiogenesis within Potential Dermal Replacements (2006)

The authors identified that extracellular matrices can provide greater angiogenic potential than soluble angiogenic factors. Fibrin provided a better proangiogenic scaffold than collagen. This could well be used to encourage blood vessel ingress and eventual take of a second-generation proangiogenic synthetic dermal replacement.
Comparing Techniques for Estimating Flame Temperature of Prescribed Fires (2005)

A variety of techniques that estimate temperature and/or heat output during fires are available. We assessed the predictive ability of metal and tile pyrometers, calorimeters of different sizes, and fuel consumption to time-temperature metrics derived from thick and thin thermocouples at 140 points distributed over 9 management-scale burns in a longleaf pine forest in the southeastern US. While all of these devices underestimate maximum flame temperatures, we found several to be useful for characterizing other metrics of fire behavior. While the degree to which thermocouples underestimated maximum temperatures was based on thickness, metrics derived from thermocouple data that integrated time and temperature minimized this discrepancy between thin and thick thermocouples. Thermocouples also provided the most detailed spatial and temporal data of the devices tested. Pyrometers underestimated maximum temperatures relative to thermocouples, but due to their low cost, can be useful for examining spatial variation in temperature during fires. Use of calorimeters is disadvantageous given their lack of precision and high labor cost. Simple fire behavior observations taken during burns and indicators of fire severity observed post-burn were inexpensive to estimate and revealed useful differences among fires. Due to the wide variation among these techniques in cost, labor, accuracy, and level of detail of results, their suitability for a particular project will vary according to research objectives and available resources. Researchers should ensure that the fire behavior parameter measured has a logical relationship to the effect of interest, is measured at an appropriate level of detail, and is reported with attention to the limitations of the measuring devices used.
Comparative analysis of transverse intrafascicular multichannel, longitudinal intrafascicular and multipolar cuff electrodes for the selective stimulation of nerve fascicles (2011)

The selection of a suitable nerve electrode for neuroprosthetic applications implies a trade-off between invasiveness and selectivity, wherein the ultimate goal is achieving the highest selectivity for a high number of nerve fascicles by the least invasiveness and potential damage to the nerve. The transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode (TIME) is intended to be transversally inserted into the peripheral nerve and to be useful to selectively activate subsets of axons in different fascicles within the same nerve. We present a comparative study of TIME, LIFE and multipolar cuff electrodes for the selective stimulation of small nerves. The electrodes were implanted on the rat sciatic nerve, and the activation of gastrocnemius, plantar and tibialis anterior muscles was recorded by EMG signals. Thus, the study allowed us to ascertain the selectivity of stimulation at the interfascicular and also at the intrafascicular level. The results of this study indicate that (1) intrafascicular electrodes (LIFE and TIME) provide excitation circumscribed to the implanted fascicle, whereas extraneural electrodes (cuffs) predominantly excite nerve fascicles located superficially; (2) the minimum threshold for muscle activation with TIME and LIFE was significantly lower than with cuff electrodes; (3) TIME allowed us to selectively activate the three tested muscles when stimulating through different active sites of one device, both at inter- and intrafascicular levels, whereas selective activation using multipolar cuff (with a longitudinal tripolar stimulation configuration) was only possible for two muscles, at the interfascicular level, and LIFE did not activate selectively more than one muscle in the implanted nerve fascicle.
Fitting Equations to Data: Computer Analysis of Multifactor Data (1981)

From the Publisher:
Helps any serious data analyst with a computer to recognize the strengths and limitations of data, to test the assumptions implicit in the least squares methods used to fit the data, to select appropriate forms of the variables, to judge which combinations of variables are most influential, and to state the conditions under which the fitted equations are applicable. This edition includes numerous extensions and new devices such as component and component-plus-residual plots, cross verification with a second sample, and an index of required x-precision; also, the search for better subset equations is enlarged to cover 262,144 alternatives. The methods described have been applied in agricultural, environmental, management, marketing, medical, physical, and social sciences. Mathematics is kept to the level of college algebra.