gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Children's speech recognition with application to interactive books and tutors (2004)

We present initial work towards development of a children's speech recognition system for use within an interactive reading and comprehension training system. We first describe the Colorado Literacy Tutor project and two corpora collected for children's speech recognition research. Next, baseline speech recognition experiments are performed to illustrate the degree of acoustic mismatch for children in grades K through 5. It is shown that an 11.2% relative reduction in word error rate can be achieved through vocal tract normalization applied to children's speech. Finally, we describe our baseline system for automatic recognition of spontaneously spoken story summaries. It is shown that a word error rate of 42.6% is achieved on the presented children's story summarization task after using unsupervised MAPLR (maximum a posteriori linear regression) adaptation and VTLN (vocal tract length normalization) to compensate for inter-speaker acoustic variability. Based on this result, we point to promising directions for further study.
Time-resolved photoluminescence studies of free and donor-bound exciton in GaN grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (1999)

Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was used to study the radiative recombination of free and donor-bound excitons in unintentionally doped GaN grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Low temperature (4 K), time-integrated PL spectra identified the free exciton (A), the donor-bound exciton peak ∼6 meV below, and the acceptor-bound exciton ∼20 meV below the free exciton peak. A radiative recombination lifetime of 295 ps for the free exciton and 530 ps for donor-bound exciton were found at 4 K. The decay of the free exciton remained single exponential to room temperature, with an increase in lifetime to 530 ps, consistent with the thermal excitation of exciton states.
PROPOSED NEW TESTS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR PAVING GRADE ASPHALTS (1963)

Asphaltic binders are highly important to asphaltic paving mixtures in providing a durable pavement. However, standard routine tests do not indicate, in a satisfactory manner, the required engineering properties, and a vast amount of research has been performed in an effort to improve this situation. Researchers have recently begun studying viscoelasticity theory to explain mechanical behavior of asphalts. The results of these studies simply confirmed a well known fact; namely, that the mechancial properties of an asphalt are dependent on the temperature and speed of loading. Recognition of these concepts has allowed a better understanding of required engineering properties for paving grade asphalts. In 1943, an initial progress report was presented on the authors' studies concerned with asphaltic materials. This paper gives results obtained since then and a tentative specification for paving grade asphalts that is based on standard and recently developed test methods.
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra as Measure of Phenolic Hydroxyl Group Content in Polyphenolic Tanninlike Materials (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltraviolet Absorption Spectra as Measure of Phenolic Hydroxyl Group Content in Polyphenolic Tanninlike MaterialsL. F. Maranville and Otto. GoldschmidCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 9, 1423–1427Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60093a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60093a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views415Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The role of JAK-STAT signaling within the CNS (2013)

JAK-STAT is an efficient and highly regulated system mainly dedicated to the regulation of gene expression. Primarily identified as functioning in hematopoietic cells, its role has been found critical in all cell types, including neurons. This review will focus on JAK-STAT functions in the mature central nervous system. Our recent research suggests the intriguing possibility of a non-nuclear role of STAT3 during synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway in inflammation, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases positions it at the heart of most brain disorders, highlighting the importance to understand how it can influence the fate and functions of brain cells.
Cytokine Production and Killer Activity of NK/T-NK Cells Derived with IL-2, IL-15, or the Combination of IL-12 and IL-18 (2000)

NK cell populations were derived from murine splenocytes stimulated by IL-2, IL-15, or the combination of IL-12 and IL-18. Whereas NK cells derived with the latter cytokines consisted of an homogeneous population of NK cells (DX5+CD3-), those derived with IL-2 or IL-15 belonged to two different populations, namely NK cells (DX5+CD3-) and T-NK cells (DX5+CD3+). Among NK cells, only those derived with IL-12/IL-18 produced detectable levels of cytokines, namely IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-13 (with the exception of IL-13 production by NK cells derived with IL-2). As for T-NK cells, IL-2-stimulated cells produced a wide range of cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13, but no IFN-gamma, whereas IL-15-derived T-NK cells failed to produce any cytokine. Switch-culture experiments indicated that T-NK cells derived in IL-2 and further stimulated with IL-12/IL-18 produced IFN-gamma and higher IL-13 levels. Next, we observed that NK/T-NK cell populations exerted distinct effects on Ig production by autologous splenocytes according to the cytokines with which they were derived. Thus, addition of NK cells derived in IL-12/IL-18 inhibited Ig production and induced strong cytotoxicity against splenocytes, whereas addition of NK or T-NK cells grown in IL-2 or IL-15 did not. Experiments performed in IFN-gammaR knockout mice demonstrated that IFN-gamma was not involved in the killer activity of IL-12/IL-18-derived NK cells. The hypothesis that their cytotoxic activity was related to the induction of target apoptosis was confirmed on murine A20 lymphoma cells. Experiments performed in MRL/lpr mice indicated that IL-12/IL-18-derived NK cells displayed their distinct killer activity through a Fas-independent pathway. Finally, perforin was much more expressed in IL-12/IL-18-derived NK cells as compared with IL-2- or IL-15-derived NK cells, an observation that might explain their unique cytotoxicity.
Encapsulating knowledge for intelligent automatic interaction objects selection (1993)

TRIDENT is a set of interactive tools that automatically generates a user interface for highly-interactive business-oriented applications. It includes an intelligent interaction objects selection based on three different concepts. First, on object oriented typology classifies abstract interaction objects to allow a presentation independent selection. Second, guidelines are translated into automatic rules to select abstract interaction objects from both an application data model and a dialog model. Third, these guidelines are encapsulated in a decision tree technique to make the reasoning obvious to the user. This approach guarantees a target environment independent user interface. Once this specified, abstract interaction objects are mapped into concrete interaction objects to produce the observable interface.
Inhibition of initiation and promotion by N-methylnitrosourea-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats by non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin (1983)

The non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, may play a role to prevent the chemically induced colon cancer development in rats. CD-Fischer rats were given 3 intrarectal doses of 4 mg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in week 1 as an initiation procedure to induce colon cancer. The experimental groups received a 0.001% water solution of indomethacin freely as drinking water at various times either during the initiation stage or the subsequent promotion stage. At autopsy in week 31, the treatment reduced the colon cancer development in the group of rats treated for week 1 (initiation stage), and for week 2-30 (early and late promotion stages) and for week 11-30 (late promotion stage), compared with untreated controls. However, removal of the treatment after effective treatment in promotion stage permitted the cancer development, and it suggests that the initiated cells are surviving during the treatment in promotion stage. It is concluded that indomethacin may inhibit methylnitrosourea-induced initiation and regulate promotion in colon carcinogenesis, presumably correlated with an inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the colon by indomethacin.
CD4-Pseudomonas exotoxin conjugates delay but do not fully inhibit human immunodeficiency virus replication in lymphocytes in vitro. (1990)

The CD4 molecule is a high affinity receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein (gp160 or gp120). This glycoprotein is expressed on the surface membrane of cells infected with HIV. It has, therefore, been suggested that a soluble form of CD4 might be used as a targeting agent to deliver toxins selectively to cells infected with HIV. We demonstrate that CD4-Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) conjugates inhibit the proliferation of gp160-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells and block HIV replication in virus-infected H9 cells. However, this inhibition of HIV replication appears to be incomplete since virus replication occurs following removal of the toxin conjugates from these cultures. Moreover, CD4-PE conjugates delay but do not inhibit HIV replication in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These studies suggest that such conjugates should be assessed only as potential adjunctive therapies in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Nitric Oxide: Target for Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimers Disease (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the main cause of dementia. Numerous studies have focused on the pathogenic mechanism of AD to cure or prevent this devastating disease. But, despite recent advances, our understanding on the pathophysiology of this genetically complex and heterogeneous disorder is rather limited and treatment of the disease consists of medications to control the symptoms. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists are the only available treatments recommended to manage the cognitive deficits caused by the disease. Therefore, the production of new drugs that may be able to cure the underlying cause of this chronic disease, not just the symptoms, is a matter of clinical interest. There is data implicating nitric oxide (NO) in the progression of the disease. The three isoforms of the NO-synthesizing enzyme (NOS) operate as central mediators of amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) action, giving rise to elevated levels of NO that contributes to the maintenance, self-perpetuation and progression of the disease. Reducing Aβ production and the cholinergic deficit is a goal in the treatment of AD. In addition, a possible way to delay the progression of the illness must include a rationale design of enzyme inhibitors, subtype selective, targeting NOS isoforms implicated in damage to brain cells in AD. We are now presenting an overview regarding approved drugs for AD treatment and substances that although are not in use for the treatment of AD, including NOS inhibitors, may represent useful tools to unravel the pathophysiologic enigma of AD.
20K IS BOUND WITH HIGH AFFINITY BY ONE RAT AND ONE OF TWO RABBIT GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTORS (1983)

A naturally occurring variant of human (h)GH, designated 20K, is equipotent with hGH(22K) in stimulating growth in hypophysectomized rats. However, despite high growth-promoting activity in vivo, 20K is a poor inhibitor of 125I-hGH(22K) binding to GH receptors in radioreceptor assays. In order to resolve the differences between bioassay and radioreceptor assay data, we have examined the binding of 20K to rat and rabbit liver GH receptors. Our data indicate that the GH receptor in rat liver binds 20K with an affinity only slightly lower than that for hGH(22K), in accordance with bioassay data. In the rabbit, however, 20K is bound with high affinity by only a small subset of the GH receptors which bind hGH(22K) with high affinity. The GH receptors which bind 20K appear to belong to the same of subset of receptors which bind rat and rabbit GH with high affinity.
Erectile Dysfunction in the Elderly: Epidemiology, Etiology and Approaches to Treatment (2003)

Further research into the neural, vascular and molecular mechanisms involved in penile erection will lead to the development of even safer, more effective and more convenient therapies for men with erectile dysfunction.
Vertical InAs/GaAsSb/GaSb tunneling field-effect transistor on Si with S = 48 mV/decade and I<inf>on</inf> = 10 μA/μm for I<inf>off</inf> = 1 nA/μm at V<inf>ds</inf> = 0.3 V (2016)

We present a vertical nanowire InAs/GaAsSb/GaSb TFET with a highly scaled InAs diameter (20 nm). The device exhibits a minimum subthreshold swing of 48 mV/dec. for V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</inf> = 0.1–0.5 V and achieves an I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</inf> = 10.6 μA/μm for I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</inf> = 1 nA/μm at V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</inf> = 0.3 V. The lowest subthreshold swing achieved is 44 mV/dec. at V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</inf> = 0.05 V. Furthermore, a benchmarking is performed against state-of-the-art TFETs and MOSFETs demonstrating a record high I60 and performance benefits for V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</inf> between 0.1 and 0.3 V.
Determinants of glutamine dependence and utilization by normal and tumor-derived breast cell lines (1998)

A continual supply of the amino acid glutamine (GLN) may be necessary for cancerous cell growth. GLN plays a central role in multiple metabolic pathways and has long been considered an essential component of tissue culture media. However, the GLN requirements of tumor cell lines and the factors that determine a cell's need for GLN have not been comprehensively studied. Also, it remains unclear how various metabolic pathways contribute to GLN consumption. In the present study, possible determinants of GLN metabolism were examined in seven breast cell lines, two derived from immortalized normal tissue and five of tumor origin. These cells exhibited different dependencies on media GLN concentration for growth and a wide range of GLN utilization rates. GLN uptake was facilitated by a single, common transporter functionally defined as System ASC. However, the affinities for GLN exhibited by this transporter differed appreciably between cell lines. Furthermore, the concentration at which media GLN became a limiting factor for cellular proliferation correlated with transporter affinity. The origin of the cell lines was not a determinant of GLN metabolism because immortalized cells of nontumor origin exhibited GLN dependence and utilization rates comparable to those of tumor-derived cells. The rates of CO2 production from GLN were similar for each cell lines. Rates of GLN disappearance and glutamate appearance in media were strongly correlated, with 32-80% of media GLN converted to glutamate. Both rates were directly affected by media cystine concentration, suggesting that a large portion of glutamate efflux was coupled with cystine import through the amino acid transport system x(c)-. These results demonstrated that cell growth is a function of GLN influx and suggest that GLN is used to supply glutamate and cystine, perhaps for glutathione synthesis.
Treatment of High-Risk Neuroblastoma with Intensive Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation, and 13-<i>cis</i>-Retinoic Acid (1999)

Treatment with myeloablative therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation improved event-free survival among children with high-risk neuroblastoma. In addition, treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid was beneficial for patients without progressive disease when it was administered after chemotherapy or transplantation.
Analysis of epidural waveform for cervical epidural steroid injections confirmed with fluoroscopy (2018)

The identification of epidural space with loss of resistance (LOR) is commonly performed. But it lacks specificity. Epidural pressure waveform analysis (EPWA) provides a simple confirmative adjunct for LOR. If the needle is located within the epidural space, measurement of the pressure at its tips shows a pulsatile waveform. Previous studies demonstrated satisfactory sensitivity and specificity of EPWA. However, success or failure of epidural injection was confirmed by the pinprick test, which is limited for patients in the setting of the pain clinic. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values of EPWA for cervical epidural steroid injection (CESI) confirmed by fluoroscopy.One hundred and five CESIs of 75 patients suffering from neck and radicular arm pain of over 3 months duration were enrolled. The physician injected 5 mL of normal saline after a feeling of satisfactory LOR. Saline filled extension tubing, connected to a pressure transducer, was attached to the needle. A 3 mL bolus of contrast medium was injected to confirm the success of CESI.The incorrect identification of epidural space with LOR (false LOR) was 29.5%. Of these 31 failed CESIs, 2 showed epidural waveform and 29 did not. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of EPWA was 94.5%, 93.5%, 97.2%, and 87.7%, respectively.EPWA shows satisfactory reliability and is a simple adjunct to decrease false LOR for CESI. Further confirmative studies are required before its routine use in clinical practice.
Large-scale placement by grid-warping (2004)

Grid-warping is a new placement algorithm based on a strikingly simple idea: rather than move the gates to optimize their location, we elastically deform a model of the 2-D chip surface on which the gates have been roughly placed, "stretching" it until the gates arrange themselves to our liking. Put simply: we move the grid, not the gates. Deforming the elastic grid is a surprisingly simple, low-dimensional nonlinear optimization, and augments a traditional quadratic formulation. A preliminary implementation, WARP1, is already competitive with most recently published placers, e.g., placements that average 4% better wirelength, 40% faster than GORDIAN-L-DOMINO.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 2-Arylbicyclo[1.1.0]butane Carboxylates (2013)

The rhodium-catalyzed reaction of 2-diazo-5-arylpent-4-enoates can be controlled by the appropriate choice of catalyst and catalyst loading to form either 2-arylbicyclo[1.1.0]butane carboxylates or cyclohexene derivatives. Both products are produced in a highly diastereoselective manner, with 2-arylbicyclo[1.1.0]butane carboxylates preferentially formed under low catalyst loadings. When the reaction is catalyzed by Rh(2)(R-BTPCP)(4), the 2-arylbicyclo[1.1.0]butane carboxylates are generated with high levels of asymmetric induction (70-94% ee).
Highly Enantioselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Fluoroalkyl Ketones (2006)

[Structure: see text] The asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of fluoroalkyl ketones mediated by [Ru(eta6-arene)((S,S)-R2NSO2DPEN)] catalysts using HCO2H-Et3N afforded the corresponding alcohols with high ee's and in excellent yields.
Developing domain ontologies for course content (2007)

Ontologies have the potential to play an important role in instructional design and the development of course content. They can be used to represent knowledge about content, supporting instructors in creating content or learners in accessing content in a knowledge-guided way. While ontologies exist for many subject domains, their quality and suitability for the educational context might be unclear. For numerous subjects, ontologies do not exist. We present a method for domain experts rather than ontology engineers to develop ontologies for use in the delivery of courseware content. We will focus in particular on relationship types that allow us to model rich domains adequately.
Oral Lactoferrin to Prevent Nosocomial Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis of Premature Neonates and Effect on T-Regulatory Cells (2014)

LF prophylaxis reduced nosocomial sepsis episodes. Treg levels in preterm infants were lower than in term infants and an increase of Treg levels under LF prophylaxis was observed. Increase in Treg levels can be the mechanism for protective effects of LF on nosocomial sepsis.
A multilevel soft-switching inverter with inductor coupling (2001)

This paper proposes a new soft-switching flying capacitor multilevel inverter that can be generalized and be extended from three levels to any number of levels. The proposed inverter has the advantages of lower voltage and current ratings for auxiliary switches and diodes, achieved by using a coupled inductor and midpoint rail between the DC capacitors. Various aspects, including operation, design, control and switching patterns are presented, Furthermore, voltage balancing for stability along with safe operation is studied through simulation and experiment. Results indicate that the proposed inverter achieves a zero-voltage condition in all of the main switches and a zero-current turn-off to the auxiliary switches during commutation processes.
Interference effect on Raman spectrum of graphene on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>SiO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mtext>Si</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2009)

The intensity ratio between two major Raman bands in graphene is one of the most important pieces of information for physics of graphene and has been believed to represent various intrinsic properties of graphene without critical assessment of extrinsic effects. We report a micro-Raman spectroscopy study on the Raman intensity ratio of the $2D$ band to the $G$ Raman band of graphene varying the thickness of dielectric layers $({\text{SiO}}_{2})$ underneath it. The ratio is shown to change by almost 370% when the thickness is varied by 60%. The large variation in the ratio is well explained by theoretical calculations considering multiple Raman scattering events at the interfaces. Our analysis shows that the interference effect is critical in extracting the intrinsic $2D$ to $G$ intensity ratio and therefore must be taken into account in extracting various physical properties of graphene from Raman measurements.