gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced methods for quantification of infarct size in mice using three-dimensional high-field late gadolinium enhancement MRI (2009)

Conventional methods to quantify infarct size after myocardial infarction in mice are not ideal, requiring either tissue destruction for histology or relying on nondirect measurements such as wall motion. We therefore implemented a fast, high-resolution method to directly measure infarct size in vivo using three-dimensional (3D) late gadolinium enhancement MRI (3D-LGE). Myocardial T1 relaxation was quantified at 9.4 Tesla in five mice, and reproducibility was tested by repeat imaging after 5 days. In a separate set of healthy and infarcted mice (n = 8 of each), continuous T1 measurements were made following intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of a contrast agent (0.5 micromol/g gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid). The time course of T1 contrast development between viable and nonviable myocardium was thereby determined, with optimal postinjection imaging windows and inversion times identified. Infarct sizes were quantified using 3D-LGE and compared with triphenyltetrazolium chloride histology on day 1 after infarction (n = 8). Baseline myocardial T1 was highly reproducible: the mean value was 952 +/- 41 ms. T1 contrast peaked earlier after intravenous injection than with intraperitoneal injection; however, contrast between viable and nonviable myocardium was comparable for both routes (P = 0.31), with adequate contrast remaining for at least 60 min postinjection. Excellent correlation was obtained between infarct sizes derived from 3D-LGE and histology (r = 0.91, P = 0.002), and Bland-Altman analysis indicated good agreement free from systematic bias. We have validated an improved 3D MRI method to noninvasively quantify infarct size in mice with unsurpassed spatial resolution and tissue contrast. This method is particularly suited to studies requiring early quantification of initial infarct size, for example, to measure damage before intervention with stem cells.
Trends toward integration of personality development and speech therapy (1953)

(1953). Trends toward integration of personality development and speech therapy. Western Speech: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 7-11.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Rivastigmine Based on Lipase-Catalyzed Processes (2009)

A straightforward chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically pure rivastigmine has been efficiently carried out under mild reaction conditions, with Candida antarctica lipase B responsible for the stereoselective acetylation of the corresponding (R)-alcohol or amine. An exhaustive enzymatic study has been developed exploring the possibilities of carry out enzyme recycling, scaling up the enzymatic process and development of a dynamic kinetic resolution procedure for the production of adequate enantiomerically pure precursors of rivastigmine. Total chemoenzymatic synthesis of this pharmaceutical has been performed in good overall yield from commercially available 3-methoxyacetophenone.
A molecular hydrogel of a camptothecin derivative (2012)

We report on the first example of self-assembled nanotubes of a camptothecin derivative in a molecular hydrogel.
Abnormal Newborn Screens and Acylcarnitines in HIV-exposed and ARV-exposed Infants (2012)

A higher proportion of positive metabolic screens in HIV screen-positive neonates suggests that HIV or ARV exposure is associated with dysfunctional intermediary metabolism in newborns. Abnormal acylcarnitine levels were more frequent in ARV-exposed infants, suggesting that ARV may perturb normal fatty acid oxidation in some infants. Studies designed to validate and determine the clinical significance of these findings are warranted.
Abstract 14949: Mechanisms for Human Atrial Fibrillation Initiation: Clinical and Computational Studies Implicating Repolarization Restitution (2011)

David E Krummen, 2011 Finalist and Presenting Author
Spontaneous Formation of Hierarchical Macro−Mesoporous Ethane−Silica Monolith (2004)

Monolithic ethane−silica gels with well-defined co-continuous macropores and highly ordered mesopores have been synthesized via a spontaneous route from silicon alkoxide with the aid of a structure-directing agent. While the macropores are formed by the concurrent phase separation and sol−gel transition induced by the polymerization reaction, the mesopores are templated by the self-organization of the structure-directing agent. Starting from a homogeneous mixture of the starting components, all the structure formation processes take place spontaneously in closed conditions at a constant temperature. Subsequent evaporation drying and heat treatment result in gels with hierarchical and fully accessible pores in discrete size ranges of micrometer and nanometer. While the local alignment of the mesopores is confirmed by FE-SEM observation, the long-range mesoscale order over the whole sample is evidenced by X-ray diffraction measurements. With the addition of a micelle-swelling agent, the mesostructural transition from 2D-hexagonal order to mesostructured cellular foam, MCF, has been observed without disturbing the macroporous framework structure.
A broadband experimental null-steering antenna system for mobile communications (1978)

The paper describes a novel and particularly simple form of null-steering antenna suitable for the base station of a mobile communication system which is subject to high levels of directional interference. The antenna provides omnidirectional coverage in the horizontal plane and has the facility of introducing a directional null which may be electronically steered through 360° of azimuth. This can therefore be used to minimize an interfering signal without affecting communication in other directions. The antenna employs a 4 or 5 element circular array and a simple null steering network requiring only one phase changer to steer the null. Various configurations of this antenna are examined theoretically and supported by experimental measurements on a system operated at 153 MHz. Experimental values of null depth lie in the range of 25–50 dB when operating over a bandwidth of ±30% of the centre frequency. Null widths (measured at the − 10 dB points) may be electronically varied within the range 28°–68°. Applications for such a null-steering antenna and methods to increase the operating bandwidth are also discussed.
Verwandlungen des Holzstoffs mittelst Schwefelsäure in Gummi, Zucker und eine eigne Säure, und mittelst Kali in Ulmin (1819)

Die altcren Cfiemiker liabeii ficli mit cler Ausfage
Origin of the Red-Shifted Optical Spectra Recorded for Aza-BODIPY Dyes (2016)

The optical properties are compared for two boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes that differ by virtue of the substituent at the meso-site, namely, aza-N versus C-methine atoms. Both compounds are equipped with aryl rings at the 3- and 5-positions of the dipyrrin backbone, which help to extend the degree of π-delocalization. The aza-BODIPY dye absorbs and fluoresces at much lower energy than does the conventional BODIPY dye, with red shifts of about 100 nm being observed in fluid solution, but with comparable fluorescence yield and lifetime. Hydrogen bonding donors, such as alcohols, attach to the aza-N atom and promote nonradiative decay without affecting the properties of the conventional dye. Triplet formation is ineffective in the absence of a spin-orbit coupler. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the electronegative aza-N atom lowers the energy of the LUMO while having little effect on the corresponding HOMO energy. The resultant decrease in the HOMO-LUMO energy gap is primarily responsible for the red shift. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap is also affected by the dihedral angle subtended by the aryl rings, but this is insensitive to the geometry around the central 6-membered ring. The aza-N atom, by virtue of restricting spatial overlap between the HOMO and LUMO, decreases the energy gap between excited-singlet and -triplet states.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Homoallyl Alcohols <i>via</i> Chiral Allylboronic Esters (1978)

Optically active homoallyl alcohols of type (2) are preparable in good yields by an enantioselective synthesis. endo-Phenyl-exo,exo -glycol, which affords the ester (1) with boranes B(CH2CR2CH2)3, serves as (regenerable) chiral auxiliary compound.
Formation of Entanglements in Initially Disentangled Polymer Melts (2006)

No abstract.
Sertoli Cells Maintain Leydig Cell Number and Peritubular Myoid Cell Activity in the Adult Mouse Testis (2014)

The Sertoli cells are critical regulators of testis differentiation and development. In the adult, however, their known function is restricted largely to maintenance of spermatogenesis. To determine whether the Sertoli cells regulate other aspects of adult testis biology we have used a novel transgenic mouse model in which Amh-Cre induces expression of the receptor for Diphtheria toxin (iDTR) specifically within Sertoli cells. This causes controlled, cell-specific and acute ablation of the Sertoli cell population in the adult animal following Diphtheria toxin injection. Results show that Sertoli cell ablation leads to rapid loss of all germ cell populations. In addition, adult Leydig cell numbers decline by 75% with the remaining cells concentrated around the rete and in the sub-capsular region. In the absence of Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cell activity is reduced but the cells retain an ability to exclude immune cells from the seminiferous tubules. These data demonstrate that, in addition to support of spermatogenesis, Sertoli cells are required in the adult testis both for retention of the normal adult Leydig cell population and for support of normal peritubular myoid cell function. This has implications for our understanding of male reproductive disorders and wider androgen-related conditions affecting male health.
Palladium catalyzed amine exchange reaction of tertiary amines. Insertion of palladium(0) into carbon-hydrogen bonds (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium catalyzed amine exchange reaction of tertiary amines. Insertion of palladium(0) into carbon-hydrogen bondsShunichi Murahashi, Tsumoru Hirano, and Tsuneo YanoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 1, 348–350Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00469a093https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00469a093research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1213Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Architecture Design of Context-Based Adaptive Variable-Length Coding for H.264/AVC (2006)

Context-based adaptive variable-length coding (CAVLC) is a new and important feature of the latest video coding standard, H.264/AVC. The direct VLSI implementation of CAVLC modified from the conventional run-length coding architecture will lead to low throughput and utilization. In this brief, an efficient CAVLC design is proposed. The main concept is the two-stage block pipelining scheme for parallel processing of two 4 times 4 blocks. When one block is processed by the scanning engine to collect the required symbols, its previous block is handled by the coding engine to translate symbols into bitstream. Our dual-block-pipelined architecture doubles the throughput and utilization of CAVLC at high bit rates. Moreover, a zero skipping technique is adopted to reduce up to 90% of cycles at low bit rates. Last but not least, Exp-Golomb coding for other general symbols and bitstream encapsulation for the network abstraction layer are integrated with CAVLC as a complete H.264/AVC baseline profile entropy coder. Simulation shows that our design is capable of real-time processing for 1920 times 1088 30-fps videos with 23.6 K logic gates at 100 MHz
National incidence of type 1 diabetes in childhood and adolescence. (2002)

The Republic of Ireland is considered a region of low type 1 diabetes incidence compared with the British Isles and the rest of Europe. To establish a baseline national incidence of type 1 diabetes, in those under 15 years, with a measure of case ascertainment. Prospective active monthly reporting of incident cases by paediatricians was undertaken, with survey of adult physicians, endocrinologists and nurse specialists nationally. A secondary source of case ascertainment was employed. The crude incidence rate of type 1 diabetes was 16.6 per 100,000 per year and the directly standardised incidence rate was 16.3 per 100,000 per year. The Republic has a high incidence of type 1 diabetes. Services should be planned and resources allocated accordingly. A register should be established to monitor changes in this important disease. Further study is required to explore differing incidence in Northern and Southern Ireland.
Construction of Lactose-Assimilating and High-Ethanol-Producing Yeasts by Protoplast Fusion (1986)

The availability of a yeast strain which is capable of fermenting lactose and at the same time is tolerant to high concentrations of ethanol would be useful for the production of ethanol from lactose. Kluyveromyces fragilis is capable of fermenting lactose, but it is not as tolerant as Saccharomyces cerevisiae to high concentrations of ethanol. In this study, we have used the protoplast fusion technique to construct hybrids between auxotrophic strains of S. cerevisiae having high ethanol tolerance and an auxotrophic strain of lactose-fermenting K. fragilis isolated by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. The fusants obtained were prototrophic and capable of assimilating lactose and producing ethanol in excess of 13% (vol/vol). The complementation frequency of fusion was about 0.7%. Formation of fusants was confirmed by the increased amount of chromosomal DNA per cell. Fusants contained 8 x 10 to 16 x 10 mug of DNA per cell as compared with about 4 x 10 mug of DNA per cell for the parental strains, suggesting that multiple fusions had taken place.
Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by Whole-Genome Gene Expression Analysis for the Purpose of Chemical Hazard Identification (2010)

Direct comparison of the hepatoma cell lines HepG2 and HepaRG has previously been performed by only evaluating a limited set of genes or proteins. In this study, we examined the whole-genome gene expression of both cell lines before and after exposure to the genotoxic (GTX) carcinogens aflatoxin B1 and benzo[a]pyrene and the nongenotoxic (NGTX) carcinogens cyclosporin A, 17beta-estradiol, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin for 12 and 48 h. Before exposure, this analysis revealed an extensive network of genes and pathways, which were regulated differentially for each cell line. The comparison of the basal gene expression between HepG2, HepaRG, primary human hepatocytes (PHH), and liver clearly showed that HepaRG resembles PHH and liver the most. After exposure to the GTX and NGTX carcinogens, for both cell lines, common pathways were found that are important in carcinogenesis, for example, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. However, also clear differences between exposed HepG2 and HepaRG were observed, and these are related to common metabolic processes, immune response, and transcription processes. Furthermore, HepG2 performs better in discriminating between GTX and NGTX carcinogens. In conclusion, these results have shown that HepaRG is a more suited in vitro liver model for biological interpretations of the effects of exposure to chemicals, whereas HepG2 is a more promising in vitro liver model for classification studies using the toxicogenomics approach. Although, it should be noted that only five carcinogens were used in this study.
CYTOCHROME P450 KNOCKOUT MICE: NEW TOXICOLOGICAL MODELS (1998)

1. Despite the frenetic pace of cytochrome P450 (CYP) research, important questions remain about the possible role of xenobiotic-metabolizing CYP in development and cellular homeostasis. 2. The recent experimental development of CYP null mouse lines has provided valuable new models for addressing these issues, as well as providing novel in vivo models to study the precise role of CYP in chemical-mediated toxicity. 3. The present review summarizes results from the three Cyp gene knockout mouse lines generated so far and looks at likely future directions of this research field. 4. Also discussed are null mouse lines with targeted mutations in genes encoding receptors having primary roles in Cyp gene regulation.
Introduction (2015)

Abstract This introductory chapter states the book’s aim, which is to study the role of hagiographical literature in the formulation of Peter the Venerable’s approach to Islam. In the twelfth century, the lives of the saints and the homilies of the church fathers imbued the imagination of the monks of Cluny, including their venerable abbot. Works of hagiography and other devotional genres played a vital role in the formation of monastic thought in the abbeys of Western Europe. The chapter explains that evidence for the circulation of stories about Abbot Maiolus in the twelfth century is equally evocative. Such was his renown that Peter boldly stated that, with the exception of the Virgin Mary, more legends were told about the virtues of Maiolus throughout Europe than about any other saint in Christendom.
Breaking the Ga–CH3 bond at cryogenic temperatures using atomic hydrogen. Adsorbed trimethylgallium reactivity (1999)

The chemical interaction of adsorbed trimethylgallium and atomic hydrogen was investigated on a powdered silicon dioxide substrate containing various coverages of hydroxyl groups. The adsorption of trimethylgallium occurs nondissociatively at 128 K. Desorption of trimethylgallium occurs near 160 K by a nondissociative route. Atomic hydrogen, produced on a hot tungsten filament, reacts with adsorbed trimethylgallium at 128 K. This reaction produces infrared absorbances characteristic of dimethylgalliumhydride dimers or higher polymers, with Ga–H–Ga bridge bonds with a broad absorbance centered at 1690 cm−1. These hydrogenated species are much more resistant to subsequent reaction with atomic hydrogen than trimethylgallium. Variations of the surface hydroxyl coverage on the silicon dioxide had no effect on the reaction of trimethylgallium with atomic hydrogen. Surface hydroxyl groups do not react with trimethylgallium below 173 K. The highly dehydroxylated silicon dioxide surface also does not react with trimethylgallium below 173 K.
Smart Motor Drive Providing Inertia Support for the Grid by Applying Virtual Synchronous Generator Control (2019)

The increasing penetration rate of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (DGs) will lead to the inertia decrease of the grid. To solve it, virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control, which enables inverter-interfaced DGs to have inertia like synchronous generators (SGs), has been proposed. However, VSG control requires extra energy storage to emulate kinetic energy fluctuation in rotating mass of SGs. In this study, kinetic energy of motors existing in the grid as loads is temporarily utilized to absorb disturbance in the grid so that the cost of energy storage is minimized. Furthermore, as a large portion of loads in the grid consists of motors, large inertia support can be expected. To achieve it, VSG control is applied to grid side converter of back-to-back ac-dc-ac converter in a motor drive system, and coordinated control between VSG control and motor speed control is proposed. The effectiveness of suppression of grid frequency fluctuation by the proposed control system is shown through simulation results.
A regiospecific synthesis of protoberberine alkaloids (1980)

The protoberberine skeleton has been prepared in two steps from N-benzyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium salts. Treatment of the salts with the anion of methyl methylthiomethylsulfoxide yields mixtures of diastereomeric adducts that cyclize on heating with concentrated hydrochloric acid to dihydroprotoberberines. The latter compounds may be reduced to their tetrahydro analogues with sodium borohydride, oxidized to protoberberinium salts with iodine, or converted to 13-methyltetrahydroprotoberberines by treatment with formaldehyde according to an established procedure. The method has been applied successfully to the synthesis of (±)-tetrahydropalmatine, palmatine iodide, (±)-xylopinine, (±)-sinactine, and (±)-corydaline. N-Benzylisoquinolinium salts may be used in place of their dihydro analogues as starting materials in this synthesis, thereby extending the range of substitution patterns potentially available.
Peripheral dose in ocular treatments with CyberKnife and Gamma Knife radiosurgery compared to proton radiotherapy (2007)

Peripheral radiation can have deleterious effects on normal tissues throughout the body, including secondary cancer induction and cataractogenesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the peripheral dose received by various regions of the body after ocular treatment delivered with the Model C Gamma Knife, proton radiotherapy with a dedicated ocular beam employing no passive-scattering system, or a CyberKnife unit before and after supplemental shielding was introduced. TLDs were used for stray gamma and x-ray dosimetry, whereas CR-39 dosimeters were used to measure neutron contamination in the proton experiments. Doses to the contralateral eye, neck, thorax and abdomen were measured on our anthropomorphic phantom for a 56 Gy treatment to a 588 mm(3) posterior ocular lesion. Gamma Knife (without collimator blocking) delivered the highest dose in the contralateral eye, with 402-2380 mSv, as compared with 118-234 mSv for CyberKnife pre-shielding, 46-255 mSv for CyberKnife post-shielding and 9-12 mSv for proton radiotherapy. Gamma Knife and post-shielding CyberKnife delivered comparable doses proximal to the treatment site, with 190 versus 196 mSv at the thyroid, whereas protons doses at these locations were less than 10 mSv. Gamma Knife doses decreased dramatically with distance from the treatment site, delivering only 13 mSv at the lower pelvis, comparable to the proton result of 4 to 7 mSv in this region. In contrast, CyberKnife delivered between 117 and 132 mSv to the lower pelvis. In conclusion, for ocular melanoma treatments, a proton beam employing no double scattering system delivers the lowest peripheral doses proximally to the contralateral eye and thyroid when compared to radiosurgery with the Model C Gamma Knife or CyberKnife. At distal locations in the pelvis, peripheral doses delivered with proton and Gamma Knife are of an order of magnitude smaller than those delivered with CyberKnife.
Specific Banding Patterns of Human Chromosomes (1971)

Individual pairs of human chromosomes can be reliably identified by a new method that does not require special optical equipment and that results in permanent preparations. This method, which is based on treatment of the chromosomes in situ with NaOH, followed by incubation in sodium chloride-trisodium citrate and Giemsa staining, results in highly specific banding patterns in characteristic regions of the chromosome arms. It should prove useful for the detection of small structural changes in chromosomes.