gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defective mutations in the insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF-1) gene in late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (1999)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common disabling disease with onset in middle-aged individuals, caused by an imbalance between insulin production and action. Genetic studies point to major genetic components, but, with the exception of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), specific diabetes susceptibility genes remain to be identified. Recent studies showed that a dominant negative mutation in the insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF-1), a pancreatic beta-cell specific transcription factor, causes pancreatic agenesis and MODY. Thus, we investigated 192 French, non-MODY type 2 diabetic families for mutations in IPF-1. We identified 3 novel IPF-1 mutations, including 2 substitutions (Q59L and D76N) and an in-frame proline insertion (InsCCG243). Functional transactivation assays of these IPF-1 mutant isoforms in a beta-pancreatic tumor cell line transfected with a transcriptional reporter and IPF-1 expression plasmids demonstrate a significant inhibition of basal insulin promoter activity (stronger with the InsCCG243 mutant). We find that the InsCCG243 mutation is linked, in 2 families, to an autosomal dominant-like late-onset form of type 2 diabetes, in which insulin secretion becomes progressively impaired. The lower penetrance D76N and Q59L mutations were more prevalent and were associated with a relative risk of 12.6 for diabetes and with decreased glucose-stimulated insulin-secretion in nondiabetic subjects. We propose that IPF-1 mutations can cause MODY or apparently monogenic late-onset diabetes and that they represent a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes in humans.
<title>Ultrahigh-speed multiframing camera with an automatic trigger</title> (1993)

Basic designs of an ultra high-speed multiframing camera and an ultra high-speed video camera are presented. The proposed video camera has a frame rate of 3 X 10<SUP>7</SUP> pps, while the recordable number of frames and the linear resolution are 96 frames and 128 pixels, respectively. The 96 successive frames can be replayed at 5 pps over about 20 seconds. Although motion at 5 pps looks somewhat intermittent, the frame rate is high enough for recognition of continuous movement.
Design of an Augmented Reality-Enabled Multimedia File Format with Embedded Object Tracking Metadata (2013)

Feature extraction and tracking is one of the core Augmented Reality (AR) technologies. A markerless AR provides natural synthesis of real-world and virtual objects as it is able to identify objects directly within a video and obtain relevant information. However, disadvantage of the markerless AR is that it may not be appropriate for resource-constrained devices, such as mobile phones, due to the considerable amount of computations necessary. In this paper, we propose a method to address this problem by putting into multimedia content the metadata necessary to provide AR services, such as virtual object information and supplementary information required for on-screen display. In order to show the feasibility of our approach, we extended the ISO base media file format that various well-known media formats such as MP4 are based on.
The “mini-team” system: an improved multidisciplinary approach? (1993)

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A DSP based digitally controlled interleaved PFC converter (2005)

A single DSP controlled two phase interleaved PFC converter is presented together with Its digital control design and implementation. A simple, low cost method of sensing the switch current and implementing the current share control is illustrated. Details of the design are presented to show the simplification of the control Implementation achieved through the use of a DSP. Finally, experimental results are provided to validate the performance of the digital implementation.
Mutations in <i>LACS2</i>, a Long-Chain Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase, Enhance Susceptibility to Avirulent <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> But Confer Resistance to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in Arabidopsis (2007)

We identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, sma4 (symptoms to multiple avr genotypes4), that displays severe disease symptoms when inoculated with avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato, although bacterial growth is only moderately enhanced compared to wild-type plants. The sma4 mutant showed a normal susceptible phenotype to the biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum. Significantly, the sma4 mutant was highly resistant to a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. Germination of B. cinerea spores on sma4 mutant leaves was inhibited, and penetration by those that did germinate was rare. The sma4 mutant also showed several pleiotropic phenotypes, including increased sensitivity to lower humidity and salt stress. Isolation of SMA4 by positional cloning revealed that it encodes LACS2, a member of the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases. LACS2 has previously been shown to be involved in cutin biosynthesis. We therefore tested three additional cutin-defective mutants for resistance to B. cinerea: att1 (for aberrant induction of type three genes), bodyguard, and lacerata. All three displayed an enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. Our results indicate that plant cutin or cuticle structure may play a crucial role in tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress and in the pathogenesis of B. cinerea.
New linear chain mixed metal compounds: complex salts of [Pt(CNMe)4]2+ (1992)

The X-ray crystal structures of the salts [Pt(CNMe)4][Pd(mnt)2], [Pt(CNMe)4][Pd(mnt)2]2·2MeCN and [Pt(CNMe)4][Au(mnt)2]2·MeCN [mnt = 1,2-S2C2(CN)2] show a variety of stacking and layer motifs in the solid state; inter-complex interactions lead to low-dimensional molecular aggregates.
Wafer Temperature Dependence of the Vapor‐Phase  HF  Oxide Etch (1993)

When HF/H<sub>2</sub>O vapor derived from an azeotropic solution of HF/H<sub>2</sub>O was used to etch various oxides of silicon, the etch rates were found to have qualitatively similar dependence on the wafer temperature. However, the sensitivites of the dependence were found to vary greatly among the different oxides. Consequently, the etch selectivities among different oxides could be controlled by changing the wafer temperature. In particular, the phosphosilicate glass to thermal oxide etch selectivity increased from about 18:1 to at least 2900:1, when the temperature was raised from around 25°C to around 50°C.
A framework for integrating existing and novel intelligent transportation systems (2005)

Efficient use and re-use of traffic data depends on an ITS architecture that enables information sharing across a wide variety of intelligent transportation systems and applications. Existing ITS architectures, such as KAREN or the national ITS architecture, can be used to develop systems within a given framework thereby facilitating such inter-system integration. However, these architectures typically include assumptions regarding the overall organization of system functionality that prohibit integration of previously deployed systems without major reengineering. This paper presents a framework for an ITS architecture that has been designed for integrating novel as well as existing intelligent transportation systems and applications. The iTransIT framework supports a number of possible systems interaction paradigms and proposes a layered data model to facilitate data exchange between systems with diverse service requirements and functional organizations. These data layers are defined within a common context model, may be distributed across multiple systems, and exploit the overlapping temporal and spatial aspects of information generated and used by both legacy and future systems.
Daniel's and Worthingham's muscle testing : techniques of manual examination (1995)

Principles of Manual Muscle Testing. Testing the Muscles of the Neck. Testing the Muscles of the Trunk. Testing the Muscles of the Upper Extremity. Testing the Muscles of the Lower Extremity. Testing in Infants and Children. Assessment of Muscles Innervated By Cranial Nerves. Upright Motor Control. Ready Reference Anatomy: Alphabetical List of Muscles, List of Muscles By Region, Skeletal Muscles of the Human Body, Motions and Their Participating Muscles, Cranial and Peripheral Nerves and the Muscles They Innervate, Myotomes. The Motor Nerve Roots and the Muscles They Innervate. Bibliography. Cited References. Index.
Genetic risk for recombinant 8 syndrome and the transmission rate of balanced inversion 8 in the Hispanic population of the southwestern United States. (1987)

A rec(8) dup(q) syndrome, secondary to a pericentric inversion--inv(8)(p23q22)--has been identified in 26 probands from Hispanic kindreds in the southwestern United States. The clinical phenotype of the Hispanic rec(8) syndrome includes a dysmorphic facies, cardiovascular and urinary-tract malformations, and mental retardation. Segregation analysis utilizing pedigree and cytogenetic data from 31 kindreds including five additional kindreds from additional sources has provided computation of genetic risks for counseling. An inv(8) carrier parent has a 6.2% risk of having a rec(8) child. The transmission rate of the inv(8) was significantly higher for inv(8) carrier mothers (59%) than for carrier fathers (42%). The combined transmission rate for both sexes was 53%. Risk for spontaneous abortion or stillbirth (11.3%) was not higher than the general population frequency of 13%-15%. It is significant that all kindreds identified to date are of Hispanic background with ancestors traced to the southern Colorado/northern New Mexico region. By means of extended pedigree information, three independently ascertained kindreds have been linked through common ancestry 4 generations in ascendance. The Hispanic background, geographic localization, and common ancestry in three kindreds suggest a single founder of the Hispanic inv(8) in the Southwest.
POTENTIAL NONNUCLEAR USES FOR DEPLETED URANIUM (1960)

The rehabilitation robot can assist hemiplegic patients to complete the training program effectively, but it only focuses on helping the patient's training process and requires the rehabilitation therapists to manually adjust the training parameters according to the patient's condition. Therefore, there is an urgent need for intelligent training prescription research of rehabilitation robots to promote the clinical applications. This study proposed a decision support system for the training of upper limb rehabilitation robot based on hybrid reasoning with rule-based reasoning (RBR) and case-based reasoning (CBR). The expert knowledge base of this system is established base on 10 professional rehabilitation therapists from three different rehabilitation departments in Shanghai who are enriched with experiences in using desktop-based upper limb rehabilitation robot. The rule-based reasoning is chosen to construct the cycle plan inference model, which develops a 21-day training plan for the patients. The case base consists of historical case data from 54 stroke patients who underwent rehabilitation training with a desktop-based upper limb rehabilitation robot. The case-based reasoning, combined with a Random Forest optimized algorithm, was constructed to adjust the training parameters for the patients in real-time. The system recommended a rehabilitation training program with an average accuracy of 91.5%, an average AUC value of 0.924, an average recall rate of 88.7%, and an average F1 score of 90.1%. The application of this system in rehabilitation robot would be useful for therapists.
Heterozygosity for apolipoprotein A-I(R160L)Oslo is associated with low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and HDL-subclass LpA-I/A-II but normal levels of HDL-subclass LpA-I. (1997)

We studied a Norwegian patient and his family, who presented with low HDL-cholesterol. DNA sequence analysis of the apoA-I gene revealed heterozygosity for a mutation in the apoA-I gene that causes a leucine for arginine replacement at residue 160. Compared to unaffected family members, heterozygous carriers of apoA-1 (R160L)Oslo had 60-70% lower mean levels of HDL-cholesterol, 50-60% lower mean levels of apoA-I and 70-80% lower levels of apoA-II. Moreover, the serum concentration of the apoA-II-containing HDL-subclass LpA-I/A-II was decreased by 70% whereas the concentration of the apoA-II-free HDL-subclass LpA-I did not differ from that in unaffected family members. The decrease of LpA-I/A-II was associated with the lack of large LpA-I/A-II. ApoA-I(R160L)Oslo was present at increased concentrations relative to normal apoA-I in plasma, HDL3, and LpA-I. However, only trace amounts of the variant isoform were detectable in immunopurified LpA-I/A-II. Pre beta1-LpA-I contained normal and variant apoA-I isoforms. We conclude that the failure of apoA-I(R160L)Oslo to form LpA-I/A-II causes low HDL-cholesterol in heterozygous carriers of this apoA-I variant.
Laser material processing (2011)

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser) is a coherent and monochromatic source of electromagnetic radiation that can propagate in a straight line with negligible divergence. As a result, laser finds diverse applications ranging from mere mundane to most sophisticated uses either for totally commercial or purely scientific purposes, and from life saving to life threatening causes. High power lasers can produce intense heating and perform various manufacturing operations or material processing. The present contribution provides an overview of the application of high power laser only for material processing in engineering applications, and intentionally excludes the scope of application of laser in metrology, biomedical technology, spectroscopy, etc. The manufacturing processes covered have been broadly divided into four major categories, namely, laser assisted forming, joining, machining and surface engineering. Besides discussing the scope and principle of these processes, each section enumerates a detailed update of literature, scientific issues and technological innovations. At the beginning, a brief introduction to different types of lasers and their general applications, fundamentals of laser–matter interaction and classification of laser material processing has been provided. The entire discussion primarily focuses on correlating the properties with processing parameters and microstructure and composition of the material.
Strained-layer InGaAsP diode lasers with tapered gain region for operation at /spl lambda/=1.3 /spl mu/m (1994)

A report is given of the first high-power InP-based tapered lasers. Continuous output powers of 0.5 W with nearly 80% of the power in the central lobe have been obtained. This is the highest reported brightness of a 1.3 μm source.
A fully automated approach for baby cry signal segmentation and boundary detection of expiratory and inspiratory episodes (2017)

The detection of cry sounds is generally an important pre-processing step for various applications involving cry analysis such as diagnostic systems, electronic monitoring systems, emotion detection, and robotics for baby caregivers. Given its complexity, an automatic cry segmentation system is a rather challenging topic. In this paper, a framework for automatic cry sound segmentation for application in a cry-based diagnostic system has been proposed. The contribution of various additional time- and frequency-domain features to increase the robustness of a Gaussian mixture model/hidden Markov model (GMM/HMM)-based cry segmentation system in noisy environments is studied. A fully automated segmentation algorithm to extract cry sound components, namely, audible expiration and inspiration, is introduced and is grounded on two approaches: statistical analysis based on GMMs or HMMs classifiers and a post-processing method based on intensity, zero crossing rate, and fundamental frequency feature extraction. The main focus of this paper is to extend the systems developed in previous works to include a post-processing stage with a set of corrective and enhancing tools to improve the classification performance. This full approach allows to precisely determine the start and end points of the expiratory and inspiratory components of a cry signal, EXP and INSV, respectively, in any given sound signal. Experimental results have indicated the effectiveness of the proposed solution. EXP and INSV detection rates of approximately 94.29% and 92.16%, respectively, were achieved by applying a tenfold cross-validation technique to avoid over-fitting.
Effects of packet loss on 3 toll quality speech coders (1989)

The integration of voice and data switching using a packet based approach has been proposed in many forms. If speech coding is used in such a network, impairments such as lost packets affect the coder performance. The effect of packet loss on 3 toll quality speech coders is discussed. The coders are adaptive differential pulse coded modulation (ADPCM), subband coding (SBC) and adaptive predictive coding (APC). Their configurations adopted in the simulations are described. Damage resulting from loss of a speech packet is two-fold: firstly a missing speech segment is introduced for the lost duration; secondly the adaptation logic is disrupted after the lost segment. Therefore any compensation technique should aim to fill the missing segment as well as restoring the adaptation after the loss. The use of side-information was suggested in the case of SBC-APCM. The results showed successful compensation in the case of ADPCM, and SBC.
Polymer/carbon nanocomposites for enhanced thermal transport properties – carbon nanotubes versus graphene sheets as nanoscale fillers (2012)

Light-weight composite materials of superior thermal transport properties are important to thermal management and other applications. Carbon nanomaterials with their high thermal conductivities have been widely pursued for such a purpose. Specifically, carbon nanotubes have been shown both theoretically and experimentally to possess extraordinarily high thermal conductivities at the individual nanotube level, and thus are logically considered as ideal fillers for highly thermally conductive polymeric nanocomposites. However, the predicted dramatically enhanced thermal transport in polymers upon the incorporation of carbon nanotubes has not yet materialized. Recently, graphene research has brought new opportunities to the development of polymer/carbon nanocomposites of high thermal conductivities, with already some successful uses of exfoliated graphite sheets as nanoscale fillers. In this work poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was selected as the polymer matrix for the dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes (seamlessly with PVA functionalization and solubilization) vs. few-layer graphene sheets as nanoscale carbon fillers for a more direct comparison on the thermal transport performance in the resulting nanocomposites. The effect of aligning the nanotubes embedded in the nanocomposite films via mechanical stretching was also evaluated. Implications of the comparison between the nanotubes and nanosheets with respect to their potentials in thermally conductive polymeric nanocomposites are discussed.
Terpene Down-Regulation in Orange Reveals the Role of Fruit Aromas in Mediating Interactions with Insect Herbivores and Pathogens   (2011)

Plants use volatile terpene compounds as odor cues for communicating with the environment. Fleshy fruits are particularly rich in volatiles that deter herbivores and attract seed dispersal agents. We have investigated how terpenes in citrus fruit peels affect the interaction between the plant, insects, and microorganisms. Because limonene represents up to 97% of the total volatiles in orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel, we chose to down-regulate the expression of a limonene synthase gene in orange plants by introducing an antisense construct of this gene. Transgenic fruits showed reduced accumulation of limonene in the peel. When these fruits were challenged with either the fungus Penicillium digitatum or with the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, they showed marked resistance against these pathogens that were unable to infect the peel tissues. Moreover, males of the citrus pest medfly (Ceratitis capitata) were less attracted to low limonene-expressing fruits than to control fruits. These results indicate that limonene accumulation in the peel of citrus fruit appears to be involved in the successful trophic interaction between fruits, insects, and microorganisms. Terpene down-regulation might be a strategy to generate broad-spectrum resistance against pests and pathogens in fleshy fruits from economically important crops. In addition, terpene engineering may be important for studying the basic ecological interactions between fruits, herbivores, and pathogens.
Effects of Dangguibuxue decoction on immune organs and erythrocyte immune in broilers. (2011)

[Objective] To study the effects of Dangguibuxue decoction on immune organ and erythrocyte immune in broilers. [Method] One hundred 1-day-old healthy Sanhuang chickens were randomly divided into five groups, 20 in each group. They were immunized with Newcastle disease vaccine via intranasal inoculation at 7 days old. The chickens in group I, II and III drank water added the Danggguibuxue decoction at proportion of 2%, 5% and 10% (V/V), respectively. The chickens in the group IV drank water added Astragalus polysaccharide at proportion of 2% (V/V). And those in the group V drank water without addition of any drug. Blood was collected via jugular vein at 14, 21 and 28 days old, respectively, and then they were dissected. The immune organ indexes, erythrocyte C3b receptor rosette rate (E-C3bRR) and erythrocyte immune complex rosette rate (E-ICRR) were measured. [Result] The Dangguibuxue decoction had no significant effect on thymus index but significantly increased spleen index and bursa of Fabricius index. The best peripheral and humoral immunity was observed in the broilers drinking water added the Dangguibuxue decoction at proportion of 10% (V/V), and its immune enhancement was better than that of Astragalus polysaccharide added at proportion of 2% (V/V). [Conclusion] Dangguibuxue decoction can promote maturation of immune organs and enhance erythrocyte immune functions; thus, it can be used as immunopotentiator.
Interaction between organic semiconductors and LiF dopant (2004)

X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and optical absorption have been used to study the interaction between LiF dopant and various organic semiconductor hosts including N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis (3-methylphenyl)-1, 1′-biphenyl-4, 4′-diamine (TPD), N,N′-bis (1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1, 1′-biphenyl-4, 4′-diamine (NPB), tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3), C60, and copper phthalacyanine (CuPc). It was found that there is a charge transfer between host and dopant in the Alq3–LiF and C60–LiF systems, while no such charge transfer was observed for the TPD–LiF, NPB–LiF, and CuPc–LiF systems. The experimental data show that F− anion acts as an n-type donor—donating electron charge to the electron transport molecules.