gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BACE1 Expression and Activity: Relevance in Alzheimer’s Disease (2007)

A turning point of research in Alzheimer's disease was undoubtedly the discovery of BACE1, the amyloid-beta precursor protein-cleaving enzyme that initiates the generation of amyloid-beta, the peptide strongly suspected to be responsible for neuronal malfunction and death. Several research groups started a race to identify the best inhibitor of BACE1 activity. On the other hand, basic researchers are evaluating the changes in BACE1 expression and activity with the aim to better understand the pathogenetic process of the disease. Along this second line of research, in the last few years many important results have been reported in various experimental models, as well as in Alzheimer's disease patients. As a consequence, new pathogenetic paradigms have been developed. We have reviewed these reports trying to highlight contrasting viewpoints, data awaiting final confirmation, and promising perspectives.
Characterization of a <i>Dazl</i>‐GFP germ cell‐specific reporter (2009)

In this study, we characterized the promoter activity of a 1.7 kb sequence in the 5' flanking region of the mouse Deleted in Azoospermia-Like (Dazl) gene. We found the 1.7 kb sequence sufficient to drive robust germ cell-specific expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in adult mouse testis and lower levels of expression in adult ovary and in fetal and newborn gonads of both sexes. This expression pattern was confirmed in two independently-derived transgenic mouse lines. In adult testis, Dazl-GFP exhibited a developmentally-regulated, stage-specific expression pattern during spermatogenesis. GFP was highly expressed in spermatocyte stages, with strongest expression in pachytene spermatocytes. Weaker expression was observed in round and elongating spermatids, as well as spermatogonial cells. In the fetal gonad, GFP transcript was detected by e12.5 in both sexes; however, GFP fluorescence was only detected during later embryonic stages. In addition, we produced mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines harboring the Dazl-GFP reporter and used this reporter to isolate putative germ cell populations derived from mouse ESCs following embryoid body differentiation and fluorescence activated cell sorting.
Mechanisms of action of chloroalanyl antibacterial peptides. Identification of the intracellular enzymes inactivated on treatment of Escherichia coli JSR-O with the dipeptide beta Cl-LAla-beta Cl-LAla. (1986)

The dipeptide beta Cl-LAla-beta Cl-LAla is an antibacterial agent designed to utilize bacterial peptide transport for intracellular delivery of the alanine racemase inactivator beta Cl-LAla. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the peptide against Gram-negative species grown on enriched agar medium range from 1.56 to 12.5 micrograms/ml; MICs are increased to greater than 100 micrograms/ml when D-alanine is included in the medium, indicating that alanine racemase is, in fact, inhibited in sensitive species. When susceptible Gram-negative cells are grown on a minimal medium, D-alanine supplementation alone does not increase the MICs for beta Cl-LAla-beta Cl-LAla, but complete protection is afforded by supplementation with D-alanine, L-valine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine. In liquid culture, the peptide is: bactericidal and lytic against Escherichia coli JSR-O growing in enriched medium or in minimal medium supplemented with the branched-chain amino acids; only inhibitory against these cells growing in minimal medium supplemented with D-alanine; and ineffective against these cells in minimal medium containing the branched-chain amino acids plus D-alanine. Cells exposed to beta Cl-LAla-beta Cl-LAla (with the protection of the four amino acids) have specific activities of both alanine racemase and transaminase B that are lower than those of cultures not treated with the peptide. Finally, E. coli JSR-O alanine racemase experiences time-dependent loss of activity when exposed to the dipeptide in the presence of aminopeptidases; the dipeptide alone is not an inactivator of the racemase in vitro. These results suggest the following mechanism of action for beta Cl-LAla-beta Cl-LAla: transport of the dipeptide into the cell; intracellular hydrolysis to give accumulation of beta Cl-LAla; and subsequent inactivation of targeted enzymes. Whether inactivation of the racemase or of the transaminase determines the pathophysiologic effects of the peptide depends on the composition of the growth medium.
Fund-Raising Encroachment and the Potential of Public Relations Departments in the Nonprofit Sector (1994)

A national survey of 175 public relations managers documented fund-raising encroachment at 23% of their charitable organizations, with variation in vulnerability among different types. Small but significant correlations were found between encroachment and the extent to which the public relations department had the knowledge and expertise to practice the two-way symmetrical and asymmetrical models of public relations and the communication manager role. Together, knowledge of the four public relations models and two roles ac- counted for 19% of the explained variance in observed encroachment. Factor analysis yielded scales of high and low potential of the public relations department that may be useful in future encroachment research, whether the encroachment is by fund raising or marketing.
Iterative quantum amplitude estimation (2021)

We introduce a variant of Quantum Amplitude Estimation (QAE), called Iterative QAE (IQAE), which does not rely on Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) but is only based on Grover’s Algorithm, which reduces the required number of qubits and gates. We provide a rigorous analysis of IQAE and prove that it achieves a quadratic speedup up to a double-logarithmic factor compared to classical Monte Carlo simulation with provably small constant overhead. Furthermore, we show with an empirical study that our algorithm outperforms other known QAE variants without QPE, some even by orders of magnitude, i.e., our algorithm requires significantly fewer samples to achieve the same estimation accuracy and confidence level.
80386--a programming and design handbook (1987)

Users are waiting for this edition of 80386: A Programming and Design Handbook. Computing Magazine says, All the information you require to design, build and program your own 80386-based system.
Stable Mycoplasma Antigen Preparations for Indirect Hemagglutination Tests (1974)

In immunological studies of mycoplasmas, the use of glutaraldehyde for the fixative makes it possible to use erythrocytes from commercially available defibrinated sheep blood. It eliminates the necessity of having to screen blood from individual sheep to obtain a suitable source of erythrocytes, as when employing tannic acid for fixation and sensitization. The chemical bonding of soluble mycoplasma proteins to glutaraladehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes by bis-diazotized 3,3'dimethoxy derivative, benzidine, yields preparations that are satisfactory antigens for performing the indirect hemagglutination test by the microtiter technique. The antigenic preparations are satisfactory for use after storage at 4 or -10 C for many months. Incorporation of 5% glycerine in the final suspending milieu makes it possible to obtain uniform suspensions of the fixed and sensitized sheep erythrocytes after freezing and after repeated freezing and thawing. Proteins from Mycoplasma arthritidis and M. hominis have been coupled to glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocytes by diazotization. The last mentioned preparation detected the presence of antibodies in titers greater than 1:10 in 37% of 237 pregnant women whose ages ranged between 20 and 30 years. There was no correlation between the presence of specific antibodies in the blood and the isolation of M. hominis from the cervical canal.
Design Consideration of LLC Resonant Converter for Electrolyser (2011)

Electrolytic hydrogen offers a promising alternative for long-term energy storage of renewable energies (RE). The long-term excess energy with respect to load demand has been sent to the Electrolyser for hydrogen production and then the fuel cell has utilized this stored hydrogen to produce electricity when there were insufficient wind and solar energies with respect to load requirements. The RE system components have substantially different voltage-current characteristics and they are integrated on the DC bus through a power conditioning devices for optimal operation. The DC power required by the Electrolyser system is supplied by the DC-DC LLC resonant converter. The simulation and experimental results show that the power gain obtained by this method clearly increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems.
Loss of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Impairs Lung Endothelial Cell Barrier Function and Increases Susceptibility to Microvascular Damage from Cigarette Smoke (2014)

Abnormal lung microvascular endothelial vascular barrier function may contribute to pulmonary inflammation, such as that occurring during inhalation of cigarette smoke (CS). Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an anion channel expressed in both epithelial and endothelial cells, regulates the organization of tight junctions between epithelial cells and has also been implicated in the transport of sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), a vascular barrier-enhancing sphingolipid. Because CS has been shown to affect CFTR function, we hypothesized that CFTR function contributes to lung endothelial cell barrier and that CFTR dysfunction worsens CS-induced injury. CFTR inhibitors GlyH-101 or CFTRinh172 caused a dose-dependent increase in pulmonary or bronchial endothelial monolayer permeability, which peaked after 4 hours. CFTR inhibition was associated with both intercellular gaps and actin stress fiber formation compared with vehicle-treated cells. Increasing endothelial S1P, either by exogenous treatment or by inhibition of its degradation, significantly improved the barrier function in CFTR-inhibited monolayers. Both cultured lung endothelia and the lung microcirculation visualized in vivo with intravital two-photon imaging of transgenic mice deficient in CFTR showed that CFTR dysfunction increased susceptibility to CS-induced permeability. These results suggested that CFTR function might be required for lung endothelial barrier, including adherence junction stability. Loss of CFTR function, especially concomitant to CS exposure, might promote lung inflammation by increasing endothelial cell permeability, which could be ameliorated by S1P.
Analysis of Glycosphingolipids by Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry (1980)

Conventional electron impact or chemical ionization mass spectrometry requires that volatilization precede ionization and this is clearly a limiting factor in the analysis of many biochemically significant compounds. A newer ionization technique, field desorption (FD) (1,2) removes this requirement and makes it possible to obtain mass spectrometric information on thermally unstable or non-volatile organic compounds such as glycoconjugates and salts. This development is particularly significant for those concerned with the analysis of glycolipids and we have therefore explored the suitability of field desorption mass spectrometry (FDMS) for this class of compounds. We have evaluated experimental procedures in order to enhance the efficiency of the ionization process and to maximize the information content of spectra obtained by this technique. In FDMS, the desorption surface is a 10 µ wire covered by a dense growth of microneedles (Figure 1) produced by slowly heating the wire in a high electric field and an
High-performance sorting on networks of workstations (1997)

We report the performance of NOW-Sort, a collection of sorting implementations on a Network of Workstations (NOW). We find that parallel sorting on a NOW is competitive to sorting on the large-scale SMPs that have traditionally held the performance records. On a 64-node cluster, we sort 6.0 GB in just under one minute, while a 32-node cluster finishes the Datamation benchmark in 2.41 seconds.
"세계화시대"의 국가와 인권가치 -A.Toffler의 현시대 변화 보고를 중심으로- (1995)

Recent various world affairs confirm the above inner motivation logic. Almost without exception, the West-European states and North American states are suffered from the inner separation movements. Not a few countries over the six continents, especially the 3rd world countries are ailing from serious ethnic conflicts. What all these phenomena imply is that the traditional modern-state`s political in tegrity is in the process of gradual dismantling. Aditionally, the cohesiveness of the states over the world is gradually loosening out by the global regionalism movements: the traditional sovereignty principle is waning. In contrast to these modern-states` deconstructing phenomena, we have recently witnessed the surptising increase of human-right movements. Along with the emergence of post-materialist values, various socio-cultural groups are clainning for the right to their own collective identity. So-called “new social movements” demand the right to physical and mental integrity of all the human beings. Moreover, actively resisting against the societal rationalization and life colonization, peoples in the advanced industrialized countries are requesting the rights not to be intervened by the states` welfare policies and by corporate capitalism.
Integrated Sensing and Communications: Towards Dual-functional Wireless Networks for 6G and Beyond (2021)

As the standardization of 5G is being solidified, researchers are speculating what 6G will be. Integrating sensing functionality is emerging as a key feature of the 6G Radio Access Network (RAN), allowing to exploit the dense cell infrastructure of 5G for constructing a perceptive network. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview on the background, range of key applications and state-of-the-art approaches of Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC). We commence by discussing the interplay between sensing and communications (S&C) from a historical point of view, and then consider multiple facets of ISAC and its performance gains. By introducing both ongoing and potential use cases, we shed light on industrial progress and standardization activities related to ISAC. We analyze a number of performance tradeoffs between S&C, spanning from information theoretical limits, tradeoffs in physical layer performance, to the tradeoff in cross-layer designs. Next, we discuss signal processing aspects of ISAC, namely ISAC waveform design and receive signal processing. As a step further, we provide our vision on the deeper integration between S&C within the framework of perceptive networks, where the two functionalities are expected to mutually assist each other, i.e., communication-assisted sensing and sensing-assisted communications. Finally, we summarize the paper by identifying the potential integration between ISAC and other emerging communication technologies, and their positive impact on the future of wireless networks.
Significant Improvement in Islet Yield and Survival with Modified ET-Kyoto Solution: ET-Kyoto/Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor (2012)

Although islet transplantation can achieve insulin independence in patients with type 1 diabetes, sufficient number of islets derived from two or more donors is usually required to achieve normoglycemia. Activated neutrophils and neutrophil elastase (NE), which is released from these neutrophils, can directly cause injury in islet grafts. We hypothesized that inhibition of NE improves islet isolation and islet allograft survival. We tested our hypothesis by examining the effects of modified ET-Kyoto solution supplemented with sivelestat, a NE inhibitor (S-Kyoto solution), on islet yield and viability in islet isolation and the effect of intraperitoneally injected sivelestat on islet graft survival in a mouse allotransplant model. NE and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 increased markedly at the end of warm digestion during islet isolation and exhibited direct cytotoxic activity against the islets causing their apoptosis. The use of S-Kyoto solution significantly improved islet yield and viability. Furthermore, treatment with sivelestat resulted in significant prolongation of islet allograft survival in recipient mice. Furthermore, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α at 1 and 2 weeks posttransplantation were significantly higher in islet recipients than before transplantation. Our results indicated that NE released from activated neutrophils negatively affects islet survival and that its suppression both in vitro and in vivo improved islet yield and prolonged islet graft survival. The results suggest that inhibition of NE activity could be potentially useful in islet transplantation for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
The interpretation of folded transposition layering near Twin Mountains, Laramie Range, Wyoming (1966)

The detailed study of a megascopic fold in the southern Laramie Range of Wyoming demonstrated that the prominent foliation present in the metamorphic series is not preserved sedimentary layering [but is result of transposition of pre-existing planar anisotropy]. This is so in spite of the fact that the map units are of approximately equal thickness and are continuous over significant distances within the mapped area. Furthermore, an intimate relationship between one of the fine grained foliated metamorphic rock units and a pegmatite of similar mineral paragenesis suggests derivation of the latter from the former by recrystallization controlled by the structure and by the mineral association of the rock type involved.
P-68. Glasses-Free Stereoscopic Displays Based on Shutters and Dynamic Polarizers with Moving Boundaries Between Areas with Complementary Optical Properties (2007)

It is possible to make glasses-free direct-view and projection 3D displays (including multiview ones) based on existing stereoscopic displays using decoding elements with moving boundaries at a certain distance from the observer. The necessity of maintaining this distance is the main limitation but this can be overcome by tracking the observer.
Electron energy distributions in the negative glow and their relevance to hollow cathode lasers (1977)

Electron energy distributions have been measured in and near the negative glow of an abnormal glow discharge in helium at pressures in the range 3-25 Torr. The experimental technique involved the use of a differentially pumped retarding-field analyser. The measured distributions are distinctly non-Maxwellian. In particular, the distribution in the negative glow close to the cathode dark space shows a prominent 'tail' of high-energy electrons and a 'beam' component at the cathode fall potential ( approximately 300 V). The significance of these results for hollow cathode helium/metal-vapour lasers is discussed.
Difficult decisions (2015)

Achieving the Gold Standards Framework for end of life care requires a huge culture change, but the results are worth it, says Alison Scott
Nickel(II) complexes of some o-hydroxyarylcarbonyl compounds (1967)

Nickel complexes of o-hydroxyarylcarbonyl compounds, (RCOC6H4O)2Ni (R = H, CH3, C2H5, C6H5, OCH3, OC2H5), have been studied in the solid state and in solution. Their six-coordinate adducts (RCOC6H4O)2NiB2 (B = H2O or 4- methylpyridine) are unstable in solution in hydrocarbon solvents and break down to (RCOC6H4O)2Ni. In solution these anhydrous compounds are monomeric, paramagnetic (µeff 3.0-3.5), and have absorption spectra characteristic of octahedral nickel(II). It is concluded that they are probably examples of high-spin, square-planar complexes of nickel(II), though possibly polymeric and octahedral in the solid state.
The ends of La Crosse virus genome and antigenome RNAs within nucleocapsids are base paired (1989)

The three La Crosse virus genomes are found as circular structures in the electron microscope, and the RNA ends of at least the small (S) and medium (M) segments are highly complementary. When examined for psoralen cross-linking, about half of the S, at most 1 to 2% of the M, and none of the large (L) nucleocapsid RNAs could be cross-linked in virions or at late times intracellularly, under conditions in which each free RNA reacted completely. For the S segment, genomes and antigenomes first detected intracellularly could not be cross-linked at all, and their cross-linkability increased gradually with time. Antigenomes behaved similarly to genomes in all respects. It appears that the majority of all three segments are base paired at their ends and that the limited cross-linkability reflects the accessability of the RNA within nucleocapsids to psoralen. The gradual increase in cross-linkability may be important in persistent mosquito cell infection, in which it correlates with decreased S mRNA synthesis rates, and may be part of the mechanism which this infection becomes self-limiting. The implications of double-stranded RNA panhandles within nucleocapsids are discussed.
A Novel Optimising Handover Method Based on User Behavior (2010)

Handover is the core procedure for assuring mobility of the users in any mobile network and its success rate is a key indicator of user satisfaction. In the current mobile networks, handover optimisation is done manually on a long timescale. In this paper, we introduce inter-NodeB coordination system and the parameters of user behavior and history data to optimise handover. First, we collect the data of user behavior, analyze the data and find the regular pattern with the help of history data. Then, signals are sent out to inform the eNodeBs along the regular path, so the eNodeBs along the regular path can make the handover preparation previously. When the user is coming, the mobile-phone can be switched to another cell quickly. If the user deviates from the regular path, the handover procedure is handled as traditional. We can use the history data to amend the handover process and make user return to the regular path. From simulation result, the advantage of saving time in handover procedure is significant.
A-Mode Speckle Reduction with Compound Frequencies and Compound Bandwidths (1984)

A simple model for predicting the degree of speckle reduction in A-mode images via the correlation coefficient was tested experimentally. The model appeared to account correctly for the influence of image system bandwidth on frequency separations required for nearly independent sampling in compound frequency imaging. Moreover, the notion of compound bandwidth imaging was tested; the correlation between samples at different bandwidths decreased as the ratio of bandwidths decreased.
<i>An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation</i> (1981)

Fundamentals of Radiation for Atmospheric Applications. Solar Radiation at the Top of the Atmosphere. Absorption and Scattering of Solar Radiation in the Atmosphere. Thermal Infrared Radiation Transfer in the Atmosphere. Light Scattering by Atmospheric Particulates. Principles of Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres. Application of Radiative Transfer Principles to Remote Sensing. Radiation and Climate.
Environmental and Reaction Studies on Electrochemical Cells Based on Solid Charge-Transfer Complexes (1968)

Solid state electrochemical cells using metal anodes with charge transfer complexes as cathodes which were previously reported have been further studied. The presence of the I− ion has been verified in cells with iodine as the acceptor. Quantitative recovery of the reaction product in amounts proportional to the total charge delivered, substantiates the originally proposed reaction mechanism. Long time decay data under a steady load as well as under a pulsed load, extending over periods of up to nine months, are presented. It is shown that the performance of the cells is considerably improved by the admission of vapors of high permittivity liquids into the anode‐electrolyte interface. Evidence is presented that the effect is primarily due to improved availability of reactant at the electrode surface.