gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Antiproliferative Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression in Wilms' Tumor Cells by Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2 (2008)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a member of the CCN family of secreted matricellular proteins, regulates fibrosis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor growth, and metastasis. However, the role of CTGF and its regulation mechanism in Wilms' tumor remains largely unknown. We found that the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) induced CTGF expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in a Wilms' tumor cell line (WiT49), whereas FTY720-phosphate, an S1P analogue that binds all S1P receptors except S1P2, did not. Further, the specific S1P2 antagonist JTE-013 completely inhibited S1P-induced CTGF expression, whereas the S1P1 antagonist VPC44116 did not, indicating that this effect was mediated by S1P2. This was confirmed by adenoviral transduction of S1P2 in WiT49 cells, which showed that overexpression of S1P2 increased the expression of CTGF. Induction of CTGF by S1P was sensitive to ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125, suggesting the requirement of RhoA/ROCK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathways for S1P-induced CTGF expression. Interestingly, the expression levels of CTGF were decreased in 8 of 10 Wilms' tumor tissues compared with matched normal tissues by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. In vitro, human recombinant CTGF significantly inhibited the proliferation of WiT49 cells. In addition, overexpression of CTGF resulted in significant inhibition of WiT49 cell growth. Taken together, these data suggest that CTGF protein induced by S1P2 might act as a growth inhibitor in Wilms' tumor.
Claisen Type Condensations with Quinaldine and Related Ammono Ketone Ethers (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClaisen Type Condensations with Quinaldine and Related Ammono Ketone EthersF. W. Bergstrom and Alan MoffatCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 8, 1494–1497Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01287a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01287a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combined Segmentation and Recognition of Online Handwritten Diagrams with High Order Markov Random Field (2016)

The recognition of online handwritten flowcharts is studied in this work. They are considered as a 2D language with two kinds of primitives: symbols and structural relationships. Three main steps are involved to process this data. They concern i) symbol hypothesis generation, ii) symbol recognition and iii) layout interpretation using grammar description to structure information at the document level. We propose to build a high order Markov random field on stroke level to cope with segmentation and recognition simultaneously. The potential function in our Markov random field is log-linear, and we trained it using max-margin method. We tested our method on two public handwritten diagram datasets and experiments show that our symbol recognition method's performance has reached state-of-the-art.
RACK: Code Search in the IDE Using Crowdsourced Knowledge (2017)

Traditional code search engines often do not perform well with natural language queries since they mostly apply keyword matching. These engines thus require carefully designed queries containing information about programming APIs for code search. Unfortunately, existing studies suggest that preparing an effective query for code search is both challenging and time consuming for the developers. In this paper, we propose a novel code search tool-RACK-that returns relevant source code for a given code search query written in natural language text. The tool first translates the query into a list of relevant API classes by mining keyword-API associations from the crowdsourced knowledge of Stack Overflow, and then applies the reformulated query to GitHub code search API for collecting relevant results. Once a query related to a programming task is submitted, the tool automatically mines relevant code snippets from thousands of open-source projects, and displays them as a ranked list within the context of the developer's programming environment-the IDE. Tool page: http://www.usask.ca/~masud.rahman/rack.
Consequences of an Intervention to Reduce Restrictive Side Rail Use in Nursing Homes (2007)

An APN consultation model can safely reduce side rail use. Restrictive side rail reduction does not lead to an increase in bed-related falls. Although side rails serve many purposes, routine use of these devices to restrict voluntary movement and prevent falls is not supported.
Honokiol blocks and reverses cardiac hypertrophy in mice by activating mitochondrial Sirt3 (2015)

Honokiol (HKL) is a natural biphenolic compound derived from the bark of magnolia trees with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-tumour and neuroprotective properties. Here we show that HKL blocks agonist-induced and pressure overload-mediated, cardiac hypertrophic responses, and ameliorates pre-existing cardiac hypertrophy, in mice. Our data suggest that the anti-hypertrophic effects of HKL depend on activation of the deacetylase Sirt3. We demonstrate that HKL is present in mitochondria, enhances Sirt3 expression nearly twofold and suggest that HKL may bind to Sirt3 to further increase its activity. Increased Sirt3 activity is associated with reduced acetylation of mitochondrial Sirt3 substrates, MnSOD and oligomycin-sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP). HKL-treatment increases mitochondrial rate of oxygen consumption and reduces ROS synthesis in wild type, but not in Sirt3-KO cells. Moreover, HKL-treatment blocks cardiac fibroblast proliferation and differentiation to myofibroblasts in a Sirt3-dependent manner. These results suggest that HKL is a pharmacological activator of Sirt3 capable of blocking, and even reversing, the cardiac hypertrophic response.
Nitric Oxide Releasing Nanoparticles Are Therapeutic for Staphylococcus aureus Abscesses in a Murine Model of Infection (2009)

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a leading cause of a diverse spectrum of bacterial diseases, including abscesses. Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical component of the natural host defense against pathogens such as SA, but its therapeutic applications have been limited by a lack of effective delivery options. We tested the efficacy of a NO-releasing nanoparticle system (NO-np) in methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) abscesses in mice. The results show that the NO-np exert antimicrobial activity against MRSA in vitro and in abscesses. Topical or intradermal NO-np treatment of abscesses reduces the involved area and bacterial load while improving skin architecture. Notably, we evaluated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that are involved in immunomodulation and wound healing, revealing that NO-np lead to a reduction in angiogenesis preventing bacterial dissemination from abscesses. These data suggest that NO-np may be useful therapeutics for microbial abscesses.
Treatment Planning for the Single-Tooth Implant Rest oration — General Considerations and Pretreatment Evaluation (2008)

This article reviews relevant clinical and radiographic information necessary to formulate an appropriate treatment plan for a patient requiring a single-tooth implant restoration. A step-by-step approach to collecting and analyzing this information a the pretreatment evaluation is presented. General considerations affecting implant treatment planning are discussed as are the parameters dictating ideal implant position and angulation.
Section Review: Pulmonary-Allergy, Dermatological, Gastrointestinal & Arthritis: Therapeutic regulation of 14 kDa phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>(s) (1996)

Phospholipases A2(s) (PLA2), which catalyse the hydrolysis of the sn-2 fatty acyl chain of phospholipid substrates to yield fatty acids and lysophospholipids, have over the last few years become a broad group of structurally and mechanistically diverse enzymes. The importance and respective functions of the various PLA2 isoforms are only now beginning to be appreciated. The type II 14 kDa PLA2 is clearly implicated in disease states and, as such, has been a prime target for therapeutic intervention; while the biological function of the 85 kDa PLA2 is not fully understood. The 14 and 85 kDa PLA2 enzymes are structurally and mechanistically distinct and, as such, development of selective 14 kDa PLA2 inhibitors has been achieved. Herein, the structural aspects and biological role of the type II 14 kDa PLA2 are reviewed and compared with the 85 kDa PLA2 to define better their respective roles. Further, the more recent chemical strategies for designing 14 kDa PLA2 inhibitors are reviewed and key compounds summarised.
The effect of inert components in the detonation of gelatinous explosives (1956)

P. B. Dempster, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1956, 22, 196 DOI: 10.1039/DF9562200196
Electrochemical Characterization of Stabilized Heteropolyacid / Ionomer Composite Membranes for High Temperature PEMFCs (2003)

From an applications point of view, several advantages result by operating a PEMFC at elevated temperatures (above 100°C) and low relative humidities. Therefore, a significant economic incentive exists to develop and commercialize PEMFCs that operate under these conditions. Nafion / heteropolyacid (HPA) composite membranes have been proposed for high temperature applications. However, heteropolyacids are soluble in water and leach out relatively easily from the host matrix. Stabilization of the HPA additive within the ionomeric matrix which is essential for proper membrane processing and for good interfacial stability in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) – has been recently demonstrated in Nafion based systems. 3 Studies aimed at investigating the water uptake and proton conductivities of the Nafion/ stabilized HPA composite membranes as a function of membrane processing conditions, operating temperatures and relative humidity were performed. Composite membranes prepared using hydrocarbon host matrixes other than Nafion were also evaluated to elucidate the role played by the inorganic additive in enhancing proton conductivity.
Fault detection and location of dynamic reconfigurable FPGAs (2003)

Dynamic reconfigurable FPGAs provide a platform for reconfigurable computing as well as fast prototyping and emulation. For such FPGAs, we propose a dynamic serial (DS) test approach which takes advantage of their dynamic reconfiguration feature for testing. Compared with the parallel approach, the DS test approach significantly reduces the test configuration time and requires less I/O pins, resulting in a faster and easier testing procedure for dynamic reconfigurable FPGAs.
An Integrated Development Environment to Establish Web Services in Grid Computing Using .NET Framework 4.5 and Visual Basic 2012. (2013)

The World Wide Web has become pervasive in many facets of our professional and personal lives over a decade. Today, another Internet revolution is emerging: Grid computing. While Web offers easy access to mostly static information via Hypertext, the Grid adds another fundamental layer to the Internet, by enabling direct access to and use of underlying resources, such as computers, storage, scientific instruments and experiments, sensors, applications, data and middleware services. This paper presents readers both a concrete introduction and a handy reference to web services in grid computing, first by explaining the foundations of this new breed of distributed services, and then by demonstrating quick ways to create services with .NET framework 4.5 and Visual Studio 2012 tools. Hence in this article, you will learn the concepts of the web services in grid computing and get practical advice on building and deploying web services using Visual Basic 2012.
Kinetic and Structural Characterization of the Interaction of 6-Methylidene Penem 2 with the β-Lactamase from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2015)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is intrinsically resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics because of the constitutive expression of the blaC-encoded β-lactamase. This enzyme has extremely high activity against penicillins and cephalosporins, but weaker activity against carbapenems. The enzyme can be inhibited by clavulanate, avibactam, and boronic acids. In this study, we investigated the ability of 6-methylidene β-lactams to inhibit BlaC. One such compound, penem 2, inhibited BlaC more than 70 times more efficiently than clavulanate. The compound forms a covalent complex with BlaC as shown by mass spectrometry. Crystallization of the complex revealed that the bound inhibitor was covalently attached via the Ser70 active site residue and that the covalently, acylated form of the inhibitor had undergone additional chemistry yielding a 4,7-thiazepine ring in place of the β-lactam and a thiazapyroline ring generated as a result of β-lactam ring opening. The stereochemistry of the product of the 7-endo-trig cyclization was the opposite of that observed previously for class A and D β-lactamases. Addition of penem 2 greatly synergized the antibacterial properties of both ampicillin and meropenem against a growing culture of M. tuberculosis. Strikingly, penem 2 alone showed significant growth inhibition, suggesting that in addition to its capability of efficiently inhibiting BlaC, it also inhibited the peptidoglycan cross-linking transpeptidases.
The electronics of a control system for micromirrors in a laser-scanning device (2002)

The electronics and software developed for the control system of a micromirror-based laser-scanning endoscope are presented in conjunction with features of the micromirrors and their driving requirements. These micromirrors, which are crucial for the laser-scanning operation of the endoscope device, are embedded in the endoscope head and have been manufactured using silicon MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) technology. The micromirrors are electrostatically deflected and driven by appropriate high-voltage waveforms created in the control system. This computer-based system, using appropriate software, generates the control waveforms, which, after adequate amplification, drive the scanning micromirrors. The electronics developed are capable of generating control voltages with amplitudes up to 440 V pk-pk, within a bandwidth from DC to 20 kHz, and ensures an electrostatic driving of scanning micromirrors with a high positioning accuracy in the sub-pixel range.
Antibiotics-induced depletion of mice microbiota induces changes in host serotonin biosynthesis and intestinal motility (2017)

Gut microbiota play an important role in the regulation of intestinal bile acids and serotonin metabolism, which could probably contribute to the association between gut microbiota and gastrointestinal motility as intermediates.
Macrophage differentiation-specific expression of NF-IL6, a transcription factor for interleukin-6 (1992)

NF-IL6 was originally identified as a DNA binding protein regulating interleukin-1 (IL-1)-stimulated IL-6 expression. Direct cloning of NF-IL6 showed its homology with C/EBP, a hepatocyte- and adipocyte-specific transcription factor. This study showed that the expression of NF-IL6 messenger RNA (mRNA) increased markedly during the differentiation to a (mRNA) increased markedly during the differentiation to a macrophage lineage in mouse myeloid leukemia cells M1, human histiocytic leukemia cells U937, promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60, and human peripheral monocytes. Particularly in HL-60 cells that undergo granulocyte or macrophage differentiation depending on inducers, NF-IL6 mRNA was specifically upregulated during macrophage differentiation but not granulocyte differentiation. It was also shown that the functional NF-IL6 protein increased during the differentiation of U937 cells. Furthermore, recombinant NF-IL6 was found to bind to the regulatory regions of the IL-1, tumor necrosis factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and lysozyme genes, which are expressed in mature macrophages. These results suggest that NF-IL6 may possibly be involved as an important transcription factor in the process of activation and/or differentiation of macrophages.
Trends in twin and triplet births: 1980-97. (1999)

This report presents data from U.S. birth certificates on the numbers and rates of twin and triplet and other higher order multiple births for 1980-97. Over the study period, the number of twin births rose 52 percent (from 68,339 to 104,137) and triplet and other higher order multiple births (heretofore referred to as "triplet/+") climbed 404 percent (from 1,337 to 6,737 births). Comparable but less pronounced rises were observed in twin and triplet/+ birth rates. Growth in twin and triplet/+ birth rates was most marked among women aged 30 years and over. Between 1980-82 and 1995-97, the twin rate rose 63 percent for women aged 40-44 years, and soared nearly 1,000 percent for women 45-49 years. (As one result, there were more twins born to women 45-49 years of age in 1997, than during the entire decade of the 1980's.) The triplet/+ birth rate rose nearly 400 percent for women in their thirties and exploded by more than 1,000 percent for women in their forties. The extraordinary rise in multiple births resulted in a shift in age-specific patterns, and the highest twin and triplet/+ birth rates now are for women 45-49 years of age. Historical differences in twinning rates between non-Hispanic white and black mothers have been largely eliminated (28.8 per 1,000 non-Hispanic white compared with 30.0 for black women). Non-Hispanic white women were more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic black or Hispanic women to have a triplet/+ birth. Rates of low birthweight, very low birthweight, and infant mortality were 4 to 33 times higher for twins and triplet/+ compared with singleton births. The risk for these adverse outcomes was lowest for twins and triplet/+ born to women 35-44 years of age. Twin birth rates for Massachusetts and Connecticut were at least 25 percent higher than the U.S. rate; triplet/+ rates for Nebraska and New Jersey were twice the national level.
Comparative Effects of Angiotensin and ACTH on Cyclic AMP and Steroidogenesis in Isolated Bovine Adrenal Cells (1973)

The comparative effects of angiotensin II and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on cyclic AMP and steroidogenesis were investigated employing isolated bovine adrenal cells from the zona fasciculata. Like ACTH, angiotensin produced a prompt increase in cyclic AMP which preceded the increase in corticosteroid production. Although this increase in cyclic AMP was small when compared to that induced by ACTH, it correlated with the amount of steroidogenesis. This observation is consistent with the view that cyclic AMP is the intracellular mediator of the steroidogenic action of angiotensin. Angiotensin acted synergistically with ACTH on cyclic AMP levels. This synergism was not explained by inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity. Unlike ACTH, angiotensin failed to stimulate adenylate cyclase in broken cell preparations. The observations suggest that more than one mechanism may be involved in effects of ACTH and angiotensin on cyclic AMP levels.
Disruption of Spermatogenesis and Sertoli Cell Structure and Function by the Indenopyridine CDB-4022 in Rats1 (2001)

The present studies were undertaken to determine the testicular cell type(s) affected by the antispermatogenic indenopyridine CDB-4022. At the oral threshold dose (2.5 mg/kg), CDB-4022 induced infertility in all males. CDB-4022 did not alter (P > 0.05) Leydig cell function as assessed by circulating testosterone, seminal vesicle, and ventral prostate weights or body weight gain compared to controls. Conversely, CDB-4022 reduced (P < 0.05) testicular weight, spermatid head counts, and percentage of seminiferous tubules undergoing spermatogenesis. In a second study, adult male rats received a maximally effective oral dose of CDB-4022 (12.5 mg/kg), dipentylphthalate (DPP; 2200 mg/kg; a Sertoli cell toxicant), or vehicle and were necropsied 3, 6, or 12 h after dosing to determine acute effects. Serum inhibin B levels were suppressed (P < 0.05) by 6 h after CDB-4022 or DPP treatment, but epididymal androgen-binding protein (ABP) levels were not altered (P > 0.05), compared to controls. CDB-4022 and DPP increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of tubules with apoptotic germ cells, particularly differentiating spermatogonia and spermatocytes, by 12 h after dosing. Microscopic examination of the testis indicated a greater degree of vacuolation in Sertoli cells and initial signs of apical germ cell sloughing/shedding by 3 or 12 h after CDB-4022 or DPP treatment, respectively. In a third study, prepubertal male rats were treated with vehicle, 12.5 mg/kg of CDB-4022, or 2200 mg/kg of DPP, and the efferent ducts of the right testis were ligated 23 h before necropsy. Seminiferous tubule fluid secretion (difference in weight of testes), serum inhibin B levels, and ABP levels in the unligated epididymis were reduced (P < 0.05) at 24 and 48 h after dosing in CDB-4022- and DPP-treated rats compared to controls. Collectively, these data suggest that CDB-4022 disrupts spermatogenesis by inducing apoptosis in early stage germ cells via a direct action on the Sertoli cell.
Possible Involvement of Leaf Gibberellins in the Clock-Controlled Expression of <i>XSP30</i>, a Gene Encoding a Xylem Sap Lectin, in Cucumber Roots (2003)

Root-produced organic compounds in xylem sap, such as hormones and amino acids, are known to be important in plant development. Recently, biochemical approaches have revealed the identities of several xylem sap proteins, but the biological functions and the regulation of the production of these proteins are not fully understood. XYLEM SAP PROTEIN 30 kD (XSP30), which is specifically expressed in the roots of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), encodes a lectin and is hypothesized as affecting the development of above-ground organs. In this report, we demonstrate that XSP30 gene expression and the level of XSP30 protein fluctuate in a diurnal rhythm in cucumber roots. The rhythmic gene expression continues for at least two or three cycles, even under continuous light or dark conditions, demonstrating that the expression of this gene is controlled by a circadian clock. Removal of mature leaves or treatment of shoots with uniconazole-P, an inhibitor of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis, dampens the amplitude of the rhythmic expression; the application of GA negates these effects. These results suggest that light signals perceived by above-ground organs, as well as GA that is produced, possibly, in mature leaves, are important for the rhythmic expression of XSP30 in roots. This is the first demonstration of the regulation of the expression of a clock-controlled gene by GA.
Sound and vision (2007)

Experimenting with page layout as a discursive mode, this visual essay offers a brief history of the idea of immersion. It then pays particular attention to the role of sound in immersive experience.