gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Thermoelectric Performance in Crystallographically Textured n-Type Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3–<i>x</i></sub>Se<sub><i>x</i></sub> Produced from Asymmetric Colloidal Nanocrystals (2018)

In the present work, we demonstrate crystallographically textured n-type Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3- x</sub>Se <sub>x</sub> nanomaterials with exceptional thermoelectric figures of merit produced by consolidating disk-shaped Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3- x</sub>Se <sub>x</sub> colloidal nanocrystals (NCs). Crystallographic texture was achieved by hot pressing the asymmetric NCs in the presence of an excess of tellurium. During the hot press, tellurium acted both as lubricant to facilitate the rotation of NCs lying close to normal to the pressure axis and as solvent to dissolve the NCs approximately aligned with the pressing direction, which afterward recrystallize with a preferential orientation. NC-based Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3- x</sub>Se <sub>x</sub> nanomaterials showed very high electrical conductivities associated with large charge carrier concentrations, n. We hypothesize that such large n resulted from the presence of an excess of tellurium during processing, which introduced a high density of donor Te<sub>Bi</sub> antisites. Additionally, the presence in between grains of traces of elemental Te, a narrow band gap semiconductor with a work function well below Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3- x</sub>Se <sub>x</sub>, might further contribute to increase n through spillover of electrons, while at the same time blocking phonon propagation and hole transport through the nanomaterial. NC-based Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3- x</sub>Se <sub>x</sub> nanomaterials were characterized by very low thermal conductivities in the pressing direction, which resulted in ZT values up to 1.31 at 438 K in this direction. This corresponds to a ca. 40% ZT enhancement from commercial ingots. Additionally, high ZT values were extended over wider temperature ranges due to reduced bipolar contribution to the Seebeck coefficient and the thermal conductivity. Average ZT values up to 1.15 over a wide temperature range, 320 to 500 K, were measured, which corresponds to a ca. 50% increase over commercial materials in the same temperature range. Contrary to most previous works, highest ZT values were obtained in the pressing direction, corresponding to the c crystallographic axis, due to the predominance of the thermal conductivity reduction over the electrical conductivity difference when comparing the two crystal directions.
A Phase 1, Open-Label Study of the Biodistribution, Pharmacokinetics, and Dosimetry of <sup>223</sup>Ra-Dichloride in Patients with Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer and Skeletal Metastases (2015)

A wide range of interpatient absorbed doses was delivered to normal organs. Intrapatient absorbed doses were significantly correlated between the 2 administrations for any given patient. The lack of gastrointestinal toxicity is likely due to the low absorbed doses delivered to the gut wall from the gut contents. The lack of adverse myelotoxicity implies that the absorbed dose delivered from the circulating activity may be a more relevant guide to the potential for marrow toxicity than that due to activity on the bone surfaces.
Signaling pathways in insulin action: molecular targets of insulin resistance (2000)

Insulin is the most potent anabolic hormone known and is essential for appropriate tissue development, growth, and maintenance of whole-body glucose homeostasis. This hormone is secreted by the cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in response to increased circulating levels of glucose and amino acids after a meal. Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis at many sites, reducing hepatic glucose output (via decreased gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis) and increasing the rate of glucose uptake, primarily into striated muscle and adipose tissue. In muscle and fat cells, the clearance of circulating glucose depends on the insulin-stimulated translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 isoform to the cell surface (see Shulman, this Perspective series, ref. 1). Insulin also profoundly affects lipid metabolism, increasing lipid synthesis in liver and fat cells, and attenuating fatty acid release from triglycerides in fat and muscle. Insulin resistance occurs when normal circulating concentrations of the hormone are insufficient to regulate these processes appropriately. Thus, by definition, insulin resistance is a defect in signal transduction.
Reliable management of distributed computations in Nexus (2002)

This paper describes the approach taken for configuration management in the Nexus distributed operating system. Nexus uses kernel-level support for monitoring status of distributed components of an application. Periodic user-level messages are no longer required for status monitoring. Group and dependency relationships between such components can be defined by the programmer for the purpose of configuration monitoring and management. An object belonging to a distributed application can be monitored by its host kernel for some system-defined exception conditions. When any of these conditions arise, other objects are notified through signals or messages, as specified by the programmer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease (2011)

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results in a failure to adequately supply blood and oxygen (O(2)) to working tissues and presents as claudication pain during walking. Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is essential for vascular health and function. Plasma nitrite (NO(2)(-)) is a marker of vascular NO production but may also be a protected circulating "source" that can be converted to NO during hypoxic conditions, possibly aiding perfusion. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of inorganic nitrate in the form of beetroot (BR) juice would increase plasma NO(2)(-) concentration, increase exercise tolerance, and decrease gastrocnemius fractional O(2) extraction, compared with placebo (PL). This was a randomized, open-label, crossover study. At each visit, subjects (n = 8) underwent resting blood draws, followed by consumption of 500 ml BR or PL and subsequent blood draws prior to, during, and following a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test. Gastrocnemius oxygenation during the CPX was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. There were no changes from rest for [NO(2)(-)] (152 ± 72 nM) following PL. BR increased plasma [NO(2)(-)] after 3 h (943 ± 826 nM; P ≤ 0.01). Subjects walked 18% longer before the onset of claudication pain (183 ± 84 s vs. 215 ± 99 s; P ≤ 0.01) and had a 17% longer peak walking time (467 ± 223 s vs. 533 ± 233 s; P ≤ 0.05) following BR vs. PL. Gastrocnemius tissue fractional O(2) extraction was lower during exercise following BR (7.3 ± 6.2 vs. 10.4 ± 6.1 arbitrary units; P ≤ 0.01). Diastolic blood pressure was lower in the BR group at rest and during CPX testing (P ≤ 0.05). These findings support the hypothesis that NO(2)(-)-related NO signaling increases peripheral tissue oxygenation in areas of hypoxia and increases exercise tolerance in PAD.
Phosphorus and humic acid application alleviate salinity stress of pepper seedling (2010)

Humic acid is a commercial product that contains many elements which improve the soil fertility and increase the availability of nutrient elements. It consequently affects plant growth and yield and ameliorates the deleterious effects of salt stress. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of humic acids and phosphorus on growth and nutrient content of pepper seedlings (cv. Demre) grown under moderate salt stress in growth chamber conditions. Applications of different levels of phosphorus [0 (P0), 50 (P1), 100 (P2) and 150 (P3) mg kg-1] and humic acid [0 (HA0), 750 (HA1) and 1500 (HA2) mg kg-1] to growing media containing moderate salt dose (8 mM NaCl treatment) were studied. The study was replicated four times with 20 plants in each replicate. Humic acid (HA) and phosphorus applications increased the growth and growth parameter of plants. In company, effects of HA and P application was more effective on growth and growth parameter than each separate effect. The optimum total yield was obtained from 69 mg kg-1 P application with HA2 doses according to regression analysis. Humic acid application significantly increased N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn and Cu contents of shoot of pepper seedling. Also, N, P, K, Ca, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents of root were increased with humic acid application. Na contents of both shoot and root of pepper decreased with increased humic acid doses. It can be concluded that high humic acid doses has positive effects on salt tolerance based on the plant growth parameters and nutrient contents. The present study suggests that HA treatments can ameliorate the deleterious effects of salt stress on pepper plants and HA could offer an economical and simple application to reduce problems of pepper production in moderately saline soil.

	 

	Key words: Nutrient uptake, plant growth parameter, salt stress, pepper.
Pathogenesis of haemophilic synovitis: clinical aspects (2007)

Arthropathy remains a major cause of morbidity in patients with haemophilia. Frequent bleeding into the joints leads to joint damage with resultant contractures, joint deformities and arthritis. This in turn leads to muscle atrophy, limited physical activity, osteoporosis and disability. Even though several studies of prophylactic factor replacement for persons with severe haemophilia demonstrate improved joint function, this therapy is still not readily available to most people with haemophilia around the world and a universal treatment protocol has not been used. In this article, we discuss key issues in the treatment of severe haemophilia: the optimal timing of initiation and termination of therapy, dosing options and goals of therapy. The options for countries where prophylaxis is not readily available are also discussed. Most studies are small and not randomized making consensus treatment recommendations difficult to formulate. Randomized, clinical trials are needed to provide the answers regarding the optimal treatment of patients with severe haemophilia.
Robot carers, ethics, and older people (2014)

This paper offers an ethical framework for the development of robots as home companions that are intended to address the isolation and reduced physical functioning of frail older people with capacity, especially those living alone in a noninstitutional setting. Our ethical framework gives autonomy priority in a list of purposes served by assistive technology in general, and carebots in particular. It first introduces the notion of “presence” and draws a distinction between humanoid multi-function robots and non-humanoid robots to suggest that the former provide a more sophisticated presence than the latter. It then looks at the difference between lower-tech assistive technological support for older people and its benefits, and contrasts these with what robots can offer. This provides some context for the ethical assessment of robotic assistive technology. We then consider what might need to be added to presence to produce care from a companion robot that deals with older people’s reduced functioning and isolation. Finally, we outline and explain our ethical framework. We discuss how it combines sometimes conflicting values that the design of a carebot might incorporate, if informed by an analysis of the different roles that can be served by a companion robot.
Impact of Brine Composition on Carbonate Wettability: A Sensitivity Study (2014)

Abstract Brine composition has a significant demonstrated impact on the recovery of oil in laboratory corefloods. While low-salinity waterflood in clastics has been studied extensively the impact of brine composition on the recovery in carbonates is relatively less understood and studies are more recent. Wettability measurements using contact angles can reflect the surface energy changes due to adsorption of natural surfactants present in crude oil and the electrostatic, structural components due to the formation of double layer. In this study we measure the impact of ion composition on the contact angles and interfacial tensions between crude-oil, brine and restored/aged calcite mineral surface using a drop profile analysis method. A 9-factor experimental design is used to quantify the impact of six salts and three interactions. This experimental method design (following the Taguchi method) has the objective to identify the combination of different salts that leads to the lowest oil-wetness and highest water-wetness as measured through the contact angles. The salts used in this study are MgSO4, CaSO4, Na2SO4, NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2. The interaction parameters studied are between sodium chloride and sodium sulphate, sodium chloride and calcium chloride, sodium chloride and magnesium chloride respectively. Based on the outcomes of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the results we conclude that the chlorides have the maximum impact on the contact angle change to water-wetness (22% and 31 % respectively for sodium and calcium salts). Reduction in chlorides has the obvious benefit of changing the contact angle to more water-wet and this is a fairly well established result also. The interaction between chloride and sulphates and the interaction between sodium and magnesium ions was found to be significant. The above results indicate that a combination of salts such as high sulphates with lower cation concentration, can lead to more water-wet conditions. This combination is found to be optimal brine chemistry that leads to the lowest contact angle or the most water-wet condition. It is interesting to note that the lowest contact angle of ~29 degrees (highly water-wet) was obtained with a relatively high total dissolved solid content of 157,000 ppm. This observation is in line with some of the recent studies reported in the literature on carbonate rock corefloods and offers a fundamental explanation.
The Catholic Church in Hungary Now (2004)

Points of approachIt is impossible to deliver a perfectly scholarly presentation on contemporary history.To fulfill academic criteria of objectivity, historians usually require a distance of 50 or even 100 years.This is especially the case when the topic involves personal feelings, even those of the author himself.I will speak about the Church, its current position and its recent past, as a
A Novel Diameter‐Selective Functionalization of SWCNTs with Lithium Alkynylides (2010)

Abstract Covalent functionalization by addition to the sidewalls ofsingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is one of the most important methods for the derivatization of carbon nanotubes. The nucleophilic addition of organometallic reagents (carbon‐ and nitrogen‐based carbanions) has recently become a widely used tool for the introduction of functional moieties onto the surface of this new carbon allotrope. The extension of this concept by the successful nucleophilic addition of in situ generated lithium acetylides to the SWCNT scaffold is presented herein. The chemically derivatized SWCNTs have been characterized in detail by TGA/MS, Raman, UV/Vis/NIR and fluorescence spectroscopy. On the basis of a detailed examination of the signals in the radial breathing‐mode region of the Raman spectra, the preferred functionalization of smaller‐diameter tubes has been clearly demonstrated.
An Essential Role for actA in Acid Tolerance of Rhizobium Melilotix (1996)

The actA gene, which is disrupted by Tn5 in the acid-sensitive mutant of Rhizobium meliloti TG2-6, was cloned and sequenced. It encodes a protein of 541 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 57,963 Da and an estimated pl of 9.0. The ActA protein sequence has 30% identity, and much higher similarity (69%), with the CutE protein of Escherichia coli. Like the cutE mutant of E. coli, TG2-6 is sensitive to copper. The reconstructed wild-type actA gene complemented the low pH- and copper-sensitive phenotype of TG2-6. Studies with an actA-lacZ gene fusion showed that actA is constitutively expressed at pH 5.8 and 7.0. The actA gene appears to be chromosomal and is present in all seven strains of R. meliloti tested.
Direct Synthesis of Fused, Bicyclic γ-Butyrolactones via Tandem Reductive Cyclization−Carbonylation of Tethered Enals and Enones (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDirect Synthesis of Fused, Bicyclic γ-Butyrolactones via Tandem Reductive Cyclization−Carbonylation of Tethered Enals and EnonesWilliam E. Crowe and An T. VuView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia 30322 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6, 1557–1558Publication Date (Web):February 14, 1996Publication History Received25 October 1995Published online14 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9535874https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9535874rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1187Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbonylation,Chemical reactions,Metallacycles,Reductive elimination,Titanium Get e-Alerts
Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome Following Correction of Hyponatremia (1986)

The treatment of hyponatremia is controversial: some authorities have cautioned that rapid correction causes central pontine myelinolysis, and others warn that severe hyponatremia has a high mortality rate unless it is corrected rapidly. Eight patients treated over a five-year period at our two institutions had a neurologic syndrome with clinical or pathological findings typical of central pontine myelinolysis, which developed after the patients presented with severe hyponatremia. Each patient's condition worsened after relatively rapid correction of hyponatremia (greater than 12 mmol of sodium per liter per day)--a phenomenon that we have called the osmotic demyelination syndrome. Five of the patients were treated at one hospital, and accounted for all the neurologic complications recorded among 60 patients with serum sodium concentrations below 116 mmol per liter; no patient in whom the sodium level was raised by less than 12 mmol per liter per day had any neurologic sequelae. Reviewing published reports on patients with very severe hyponatremia (serum sodium less than 106 mmol per liter) revealed that neurologic sequelae were associated with correction of hyponatremia by more than 12 mmol per liter per day; when correction proceeded more slowly, patients had uneventful recoveries. We suggest that the osmotic demyelination syndrome is a preventable complication of overly rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia.
Is hydrogen peroxide responsible for the inhibitory activity of alpha-haemolytic streptococci sampled from the nasopharynx? (2003)

We conclude that the inhibitory effect of AHS is most likely due to the production of hydrogen peroxide. The significance of hydrogen peroxide production of AHS is discussed in relation to the non-specific and specific mucosal defence systems.
Reverse Multi-Label Learning (2010)

Multi-label classification is the task of predicting potentially multiple labels for a given instance. This is common in several applications such as image annotation, document classification and gene function prediction. In this paper we present a formulation for this problem based on reverse prediction: we predict sets of instances given the labels. By viewing the problem from this perspective, the most popular quality measures for assessing the performance of multi-label classification admit relaxations that can be efficiently optimised. We optimise these relaxations with standard algorithms and compare our results with several stateof-the-art methods, showing excellent performance. 1
Crystal structures of fluorinated aryl biscarbonates and a biscarbamate: a counterpoise between weak intermolecular interactions and molecular symmetry (2010)

Conformational features and supramolecular structural organization in three aryl biscarbonates and an aryl biscarbamate with rigid acetylenic unit providing variable spacer lengths have been probed to gain insights into the packing features associated with molecular symmetry and the intermolecular interactions involving ‘organic’ fluorine. Four structures but-2-yne-1,4-diyl bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenylcarbonate), 1; but-2-yne-1,4-diyl bis(4-fluorophenylcarbonate), 2; but-2-yne-1,4-diyl bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenylcarbamate), 3 and hexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diyl bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenylcarbonate), 4 have been analyzed in this context. Compound 1 adopts a non-centrosymmetric “twisted” (syn) conformation, whereas 2, 3 and 4 acquire a centrosymmetric “extended” (anti) conformation. Weak intermolecular interactions and in particular those involving fluorine are found to dictate this conformational variation in the crystal structure of 1. A single-crystal neutron diffraction study at 90 K was performed on 1 to obtain further insights into these interactions involving ‘organic’ fluorine.
Influence of Cyclic Stress Pulse Shapes on Filtration Behavior of Railway Subballast (2011)

Filtration behavior of subballast materials subjected to different cyclic stress pulse shapes at frequencies of 5 Hz and 10 Hz was investigated in the laboratory. Clayey silt was used as a base soil while graded crushed basalt was used as a filter. Rectangular, sinusoidal, and triangular cyclic stress pulse shapes having a stress range of 70–140 kPa were investigated for a piping ratio of 9. Turbidity, permeability, and change of pore water pressure within base soil were recorded over time as the number of stress pulse cycles increased. Results show that triangular and sinusoidal cyclic stress pulse shapes have a similar effect on the filtration behavior while the rectangular cyclic pulse shape had a slightly higher effect than triangular and sinusoidal stress pulse shapes. Based on this study, a piping ratio of 9 was found to be satisfactory for all cyclic stress pulse shapes at 5 Hz.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Chem. Phys. 13/2004 (2004)

Cover: Scanning force microscopy cantilevers are well known examples of micro engineered mechanical systems (MEMS). MEMS are typically fragile, owing to the small size of their functional parts. With the development of a special setup, it has been possible to grow covalently bound polymer brushes on a cantilever via atom transfer radical polymerization. Such functionalized cantilevers proof to be sensitive to changes in their environment by exhibiting a mechanical response and may therefore serve as model sensors. Further details can be found in the Full Paper by G.‐G. Bumbu, * G. Kircher, M. Wolkenhauer, R. Berger, and J. S. Gutmann on page 1713.