gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Miniaturized Biaxial Deformation Rig for in Situ Mechanical Testing (2017)

A novel miniaturized biaxial deformation rig is presented. It allows one to apply in-plane biaxial stress states with arbitrary stress ratios and to perform strain path changes on thin-sheet metals. The device is optimized for in situ usage inside a scanning electron microscope and at synchrotron beam lines. The sample has a cruciform shape and the geometry is optimized with the aid of finite element simulations. A proof-of-principle experiment confirms the successful operation of this rig.
Cytoplasmic β-catenin is lacking in a subset of melanoma-associated naevi, but is detectable in naevus-associated melanomas: potential implications for melanoma tumorigenesis? (2009)

Beta-catenin excess may play a role in melanoma tumorigenesis, because beta-catenin cytoplasmic reactivity was found in primary cutaneous melanoma but not in its associated intradermal naevus precursor. As, however, beta-catenin cytoplasmic reactivity was detected not only in primary cutaneous melanoma but also in its associated dysplastic/congenital naevus precursors, beta-catenin stabilization alone is not sufficient to play a decisive role for melanoma onset.
Praktische Anwendungen der Stofftrennung mit überkritischen Gasen (1978)

Die Extraktion mit überkritischen Gasen vereinigt bis zu einem gewissen Grad die Merkmale der Destillation und der Extraktion; daher wird für dieses Verfahren die Bezeichnung „Destraktion”︁ vorgeschlagen. Die Grundlagen des Verfahrens werden im vorliegenden Aufsatz durch Serien von Farbbildern illustriert, in denen der Verlauf einer Extraktion dem Verlauf einer „Destraktion”︁ gegenübergestellt ist. Eine weitere Farbserie erläutert das Prinzip der Fraktionierung durch Destraktion. — Von den Anwendungen des Verfahrens sei besonders die Zerlegung von Lebertran mit überkritischem Ethan in 50 Fraktionen genannt, die sich durch ihre Verseifungs- und Iodzahlen unterscheiden, sowie vor allem die Entcoffeinierung von Rohkaffee mit überkritischem Kohlendioxid.
Synthesis and Chemistry of Ethynylsulfur Pentafluoride (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Chemistry of Ethynylsulfur PentafluorideF. W. Hoover and D. D. CoffmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 12, 3567–3570Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01035a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01035a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views517Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ovarian carcinoma CDK12 mutations misregulate expression of DNA repair genes via deficient formation and function of the Cdk12/CycK complex (2015)

The Cdk12/CycK complex promotes expression of a subset of RNA polymerase II genes, including those of the DNA damage response. CDK12 is among only nine genes with recurrent somatic mutations in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. However, the influence of these mutations on the Cdk12/CycK complex and their link to cancerogenesis remain ill-defined. Here, we show that most mutations prevent formation of the Cdk12/CycK complex, rendering the kinase inactive. By examining the mutations within the Cdk12/CycK structure, we find that they likely provoke structural rearrangements detrimental to Cdk12 activation. Our mRNA expression analysis of the patient samples containing the CDK12 mutations reveals coordinated downregulation of genes critical to the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. Moreover, we establish that the Cdk12/CycK complex occupies these genes and promotes phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II at Ser2. Accordingly, we demonstrate that the mutant Cdk12 proteins fail to stimulate the faithful DNA double strand break repair via homologous recombination. Together, we provide the molecular basis of how mutated CDK12 ceases to function in ovarian carcinoma. We propose that CDK12 is a tumor suppressor of which the loss-of-function mutations may elicit defects in multiple DNA repair pathways, leading to genomic instability underlying the genesis of the cancer.
Buffer layer effects on residual stress in InP on Si substrates (1989)

Heteroepitaxial growth of InP on Si(100) substrates using InP direct growth, and with a GaAs or GaP buffer layer has been grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE). The effects of buffer layers on residual stress in InP films are examined. For InP/(GaP buffer layer)/Si, stress (∼6×108 dyn/cm2) is almost independent on buffer layer thickness and somewhat higher than that (∼4×108dyn/cm2) in InP grown directly on Si. For InP/(GaAs buffer layer)/Si, stress is as low as 2×108 dyn/cm2 with buffer layer thicknesses ≳1 μm. The GaAs buffer layer effect on reduction of stress in InP film is found to be attributed to compressive strains thermally induced by the InP/GaAs interface.
Interactions of CD4 with MHC class II molecules, T cell receptors and p56 <i>lck</i> (1993)

CD4 and CD8 are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family of proteins, and function as co-receptors with the T cell receptor (TCR) in binding MHC class II or class I molecules, respectively. Within this multimeric complex, CD4 interacts with three distinct ligands. CD4 interacts through its D1 and D2 domains with MHC class II proteins, through its D3 and D4 domains with T cell receptors, and through its cytoplasmic tail with p56lck, a src-related, protein tyrosine kinase. Each of these interactions is important in the function of CD4 and will be discussed in turn.
Leptin-deficient (<i>ob</i>/<i>ob</i>) mice are protected from T cell-mediated hepatotoxicity: Role of tumor necrosis factor α and IL-18 (2000)

The role of leptin was investigated in two models of T cell-mediated hepatitis: the administration of Con A or of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PEA). In both models, leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice were protected from liver damage and showed lower induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and IL-18 compared with their lean littermates. Neutralization of TNF-alpha reduced induction of IL-18 by either Con A (70% reduction) or PEA (40% reduction). Pretreatment of lean mice with either soluble TNF receptors or with an anti-IL-18 antiserum significantly reduced Con A- and PEA-induced liver damage. The simultaneous neutralization of TNF-alpha and IL-18 fully protected the mice against liver toxicity. However, neutralization of either IL-18 or TNF-alpha did not inhibit Con A-induced production of IFN-gamma. Thymus atrophy and alterations in the number of circulating lymphocytes and monocytes were observed in ob/ob mice. Exogenous leptin replacement restored the responsiveness of ob/ob mice to Con A and normalized their lymphocyte and monocyte populations. These results demonstrate that leptin deficiency leads to reduced production of TNF-alpha and IL-18 associated with reduced T cell-mediated hepatotoxicity. In addition, both TNF-alpha and IL-18 appear to be essential mediators of T cell-mediated liver injury.
Identification of a Novel Recepteur d'Origine Nantais/c-Met Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitor with Antitumor Activity <i>In vivo</i> (2008)

Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) is a receptor tyrosine kinase closely related to c-Met. Both receptors are involved in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and there is evidence that both are deregulated in cancer. Receptor overexpression has been most frequently described, but other mechanisms can lead to the oncogenic activation of RON and c-Met. They include activating mutations or gene amplification for c-Met and constitutively active splicing variants for RON. We identified a novel inhibitor of RON and c-Met, compound I, and characterized its in vitro and in vivo activities. Compound I selectively and potently inhibited the kinase activity of RON and c-Met with IC(50)s of 9 and 4 nmol/L, respectively. Compound I inhibited hepatocyte growth factor-mediated and macrophage-stimulating protein-mediated signaling and cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Compound I was tested in vivo in xenograft models that either were dependent on c-Met or expressed a constitutively active form of RON (RONDelta160 in HT-29). Compound I caused complete tumor growth inhibition in NIH3T3 TPR-Met and U-87 MG xenografts but showed only partial inhibition in HT-29 xenografts. The effect of compound I in HT-29 xenografts is consistent with the expression of the activating b-Raf V600E mutation, which activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway downstream of RON. Importantly, tumor growth inhibition correlated with the inhibition of c-Met-dependent and RON-dependent signaling in tumors. Taken together, our results suggest that a small-molecule dual inhibitor of RON/c-Met has the potential to inhibit tumor growth and could therefore be useful for the treatment of patients with cancers where RON and/or c-Met are activated.
Cloning and functional expression of a rat brain corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor (1993)

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), a key neuroregulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical axis, also displays a broad range of effects on the endocrine, central nervous and immune systems. Having recently characterized the human pituitary CRF receptor by expression cloning of cDNA from a human Cushing's corticotropic adenoma, we report here the structure of the cDNA for a rat brain CRF receptor (rCRF-R) which was cloned by hybridization from a rat brain cDNA library. The sequence of the rCRF-R encodes a 415 amino acid protein comprising seven membrane spanning domains. The rCRF-R is 97% identical at the amino acid level to the human pituitary tumor CRF receptor, differing by only 12 amino acids. When expressed in COSM6 cells, the rCRF-R binds CRF with high affinity (Kd = 1.7 (0.8-3.8)nM). The receptor transduces a CRF stimulated accumulation of intracellular cAMP which is inhibited by the CRF antagonist, alpha helCRF(9-41). These results suggest that the brain expresses a CRF receptor similar to that in the pituitary.
Investigating sensor data retrieval schemes for multi-sensor passive RFID tags (2015)

Measuring multiple physical quantities are increasingly being demanded in commercial, biomedical and generally in ubiquitous applications. Although the recent emergence of passive sensor enabled RFID tags (sensor tags) provide new opportunities for these types of applications mainly due to the extended operational life and the small form factor, the energy harvesting nature of sensor tags hinders the use of multiple sensors in a single platform because of the requirement of additional energy to operate multiple sensors and subsequent reduction in the throughput. In this paper, we propose three, fast and energy efficient multi-sensor data retrieval approaches to obtain sensor data from sensor tags. We implemented a sensor tag with two sensors, an accelerometer and a barometer. Our extensive experiments on power consumption, operational range and throughput using the developed sensor tag revealed that, the proposed approaches can successfully be used for multi-sensor data retrieval and indicates that they can effectively be used in a range of real-world ubiquitous sensing applications such as fall prevention and food safety monitoring.
Inhibition of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-induced multi-organ carcinogenesis by dietary chlorophyllin in rainbow trout (1999)

Cancer chemoprevention by dietary chlorophyllin (CHL) was investigated in a rainbow trout multi-organ tumor model. In study 1, duplicate groups of 130 juvenile trout were treated for 2 weeks with control diet, 500 p.p.m. dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) or 500 p.p.m. DB[a,l]P + 2052 p.p.m. CHL, then returned to control diet. DB[a,l]P alone proved somewhat toxic but induced high tumor incidences in liver (61%), stomach (91%) and swimbladder (53%) 11 months after initiation. CHL co-feeding abrogated DB[a,l]P acute toxicity and reduced tumor incidences to 18% in liver, 34% in stomach and 3% in swimbladder (P </= 0.01). A second tumor and DNA adduct study using a non-toxic initiation protocol (200 p.p.m. DB[a,l]P +/- 4000 p.p.m. CHL for 4 weeks) confirmed these results. Potential CHL inhibitory mechanisms were investigated. Dietary CHL inhibited hepatic DB[a, l]P-DNA adducts in the two tumor studies by 89 and 76%, respectively. CHL was shown to complex strongly with DB[a,l]P (K(d1,2) = 1.59 +/- 0.01 microM, stoichiometry 2CHL:DB[a,l]P) and strongly inhibited DB[a,l]P mutagenesis in the Salmonella assay. Significant inhibition occurred at CHL concentrations substantially less than stoichiometric with DB[a,l]P and thus not reflecting simple DB[a,l]P sequestration via complexation. These initial findings suggest that CHL chemoprevention reflects complexation that might limit DB[a,l]P uptake in vivo, antimutagenic mechanisms such as catalytic degradation of the proximate electrophile in target cells, or both. These results demonstrate that dietary CHL is a reproducibly effective chemopreventive agent for DB[a,l]P multi-organ tumorigenesis in trout and suggest that reduced DB[a,l]P-DNA adducts may be predictive biomarkers of CHL reduction of DB[a,l]P-initiated hepatic tumors.
Retropubic, Laparoscopic, and Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Critical Review of Outcomes Reported by High-Volume Centers (2010)

RRP, LRP, and RARP performed in high-volume centers are safe options for treatment of patients with localized prostate cancer, presenting similar overall complication rates. LRP and RARP, however, are associated with decreased operative blood loss and decreased risk of transfusion when compared with RRP. Our analysis including high-volume centers also showed lower weighted mean PSM rates and higher continence and potency rates after RARP compared with RRP and LRP. However, the lack of randomized trials precludes definitive conclusions.
Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA Ligase (M0202) v3 (2020)

This product can be used for the following applications: Cloning of restriction fragments Joining linkers and adapters to blunt-ended DNA
Interactions between bromine and chlorine in a pilot-scale hazardous waste incinerator. Report for January 1995-April 1996 (1996)

The paper discusses experiments that were performed in a 73-kW pilot-scale rotary-kiln incinerator simulator equipped with a 73-kW secondary combustion chamber during which a complex organic mixture containing bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl) was incinerated. Detailed measurements of products of incomplete combustion (PICs) were made, including volatile and semi-volatile organics, as well as polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo furans (PCDDs/PCDFs and PBDD/PBDFs) and mixed bromo-chloro dioxins and furans (PBSDDs/PBCDFs). Results indicated that the ratios of some analogous brominated to chlorinated PICs were greater than the ratios of the amount of Br to Cl in the feed stream.
Assessing the Economic Impact of a Sport Event (2010)

Economic impact studies have been applied to a wide range of sporting events, which are increasingly viewed as an economic development tool in addition to their recreational benefits. Many sporting events bring a financial gain from games and attendance to the host community each year. It has been suggested that three key factors in an economic impact study should be controlled: data collection methods, use of a multiplier, and interpretation of the results (Wang & Irwin, 1993). This paper illustrates the steps involved in conducting economic impact assessments. Examples from the data analysis of the1998 Taiwan Area Games are also presented.
Desorption of Carbon Dioxide (1953)

高圧洗滌水から炭酸ガスを分離回収する場合2つの方法が考えられる。1つは急激な減圧による滞溜液から発泡放散によるもの,他は高圧を利用して噴霧させる塔式装置によるものである。発泡放散はガス回収の目的からは問題にならぬが,過飽和度および放散速度について実験的に考察を加えた。噴霧によるガス放散は最も能率がよく,邪魔板を1枚取付けた場合は少し劣るが,共にガス回収の目的にかなつたものであることをみとめた.
Lanthionine synthetase components C-like 2 increases cellular sensitivity to adriamycin by decreasing the expression of P-glycoprotein through a transcription-mediated mechanism. (2003)

Although the coincidental amplification and accompanying overexpression of bystander genes that neighbor oncogene targets occur frequently during the development of human tumors, little has been done to investigate the functional or biological consequences of amplified bystander gene overexpression. LANCL2 (LANC-like 2) is a bystander gene that is coamplified and overexpressed with epidermal growth factor receptor in approximately 20% of all glioblastomas. This gene has also been designated as Testis Adriamycin Sensitivity Protein because it is most highly expressed in testis and its expression has been noted to increase cellular sensitivity to Adriamycin. Because of the latter association, we have examined potential relationships between LANCL2 and the expression of multidrug-resistance (MDR)1, as well as its cognate protein, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), because elevated expression of P-gp is known to increase cell resistance to many cytotoxic drugs, including Adriamycin. Using the Dx5 derivative of MES-SA cells in which P-gp is overexpressed, we show that the level of endogenous P-gp decreases with increased expression of exogenous LanCl-2 and that cells with reduced P-gp show increased sensitivity to Adriamycin. Results from reverse transcription-PCR and MDR1 promoter activity analyses suggest that LanCl-2 transcriptionally suppresses MDR1, and this interpretation of LanCl-2 function is consistent with results from immunofluorescence analysis, which shows that LanCl-2 resides in the nucleus, as well as at the plasma membrane. With respect to this study, our data indicate that LanCl-2 increases cellular sensitivity to Adriamycin by decreasing the expression of P-gp, but more generally, these results indicate that the identification of bystander gene amplification in human tumors can have clinical implications.
Dermatan sulphate proteoglycans : chemistry, biology, chemical pathology (1993)

Nomenclature of dermatan/chondroitin glycans and their proteoglycans chemistry of glycan chains structures of the protein cores biosynthesis of dermatan sulphate chains chemical morphology of dermatan sulphate proteoglycans molecular interactions involving dermatan sulphate pathobiochemistry of dermatan sulphate.
Blocking microsomal triglyceride transfer protein interferes with apoB secretion without causing retention or stress in the ER (2003)

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is an intraluminal protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is essential for the assembly of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins. In this study, we examine how the livers of mice respond to two distinct methods of blocking MTP function: Cre-mediated disruption of the gene for MTP and chemical inhibition of MTP activity. Blocking MTP significantly reduced plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and apoB-containing lipoproteins in both wild-type C57BL/6 and LDL receptor-deficient mice. While treating LDL receptor-deficient mice with an MTP inhibitor for 7 days lowered plasma lipids to control levels, liver triglyceride levels were increased by only 4-fold. Plasma levels of apoB-100 and apoB-48 fell by >90% and 65%, respectively, but neither apoB isoform accumulated in hepatic microsomes. Surprisingly, loss of MTP expression was associated with a nearly complete absence of apoB-100 in hepatic microsomes. Levels of microsomal luminal chaperone proteins [e.g., protein disulfide isomerase, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and GRP94] and cytosolic heat shock proteins (HSPs) (e.g., HSP60, HSC, HSP70, and HSP90) were unaffected by MTP inhibition. These findings show that the liver responds rapidly to inhibition of MTP by degrading apoB and preventing its accumulation in the ER. The rapid degradation of secretion-incompetent apoB in the ER may block the induction of proteins associated with unfolded protein and heat shock responses.
The effect of molecular weight distribution on the rheological properties of polystyrene (1960)

Abstract Melt viscosities were measured on 25 narrow molecular weight distribution (anionically polymerized) and 7 broad distribution (isothermally polymerized) polystyrenes ranging in molecular weight from 50,000 to 570,000. Measurements were made at temperatures between 200 and 250°C. and at shearing stresses of 120,000–1,400,000 dynes/cm. 2 using a capillary‐type viscometer. Zero shear viscosity and non‐Newtonian constant was found to depend upon weight‐average molecular weight while high shear viscosity was found to depend upon some molecular weight between weight average and number average. Analysis of flow curves for two materials having the same zero shear viscosity but different weight average‐number average ratios indicated that the narrow distribution material had a higher high shear viscosity than the broad material pointing to lessened ease of fabrication. From flow data at different temperatures, apparent activation energies were calculated. Apparent activation energy was found to be independent of molecular weight above a molecular weight of 50,000 and to decrease slightly with increasing M̄ w /M̄ n ratio. The effects of plasticization and blending upon flow properties were also studied using samples to which 1% mineral oil had been added and blends of high and low molecular weight narrow distribution polymers.
The Influence of Crack Face Friction and Trapped Fluid on Surface Initiated Rolling Contact Fatigue Cracks (1988)

A two-dimensional model of a surface initiated rolling contact fatigue crack has been developed. The model takes into account the effects of frictional locking between the faces of the crack, and the influence of fluid pressure acting on the crack faces. The model has been used to investigate three possible mechanisms for propagating the cracks: mode II crack growth due to the cyclic shear stresses caused by repeated rolling contact; crack growth due to fluid forced into the crack by the load; and crack growth due to fluid trapped inside the crack. The predictions of the theory are compared with the behaviour of contact fatigue cracks.
Structured epitaxial graphene growth on SiC by selective graphitization using a patterned AlN cap (2010)

Electronic quality epitaxial graphene has been selectively grown on silicon carbide capped with a patterned aluminum nitride layer, providing a pathway to produce device structures that avoid lithographic patterning of graphene itself. Patterning of the cap exposes SiC where graphene will grow. Capped areas inhibit graphene growth and withstand graphitization temperatures up to 1420°C under 100 Pa of argon pressure. Graphene Hall bars were fabricated and characterized by scanning Raman spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and transport measurements. Hall-mobility is about 600 cm2/V s and can be further enhanced by fine tuning the argon pressure and improving the quality of SiC surface prior to graphitization.