gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of chemotactic factor-induced polarity in human neutrophils : Lipid mobility, receptor distribution and the time-sequence of polarization (1991)

Differences in membrane composition between the anterior and posterior poles of human blood neutrophils on exposure to chemoattractant were studied using a laser microscope, and the effects of attractant concentration and time on the ability of neutrophils to polarize were determined. The findings were as follows. (1) The fluorescein-labelled chemotactic hexapeptide fLeu-Norleu-Phe-Norleu-Tyr-Lys was asymmetrically distributed on polarized cells with the highest concentration at the anterior pole of the cell. (2) Differences in membrane lipid behaviour were studied by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) using the probe 5-N-(octadecanoyl)-aminofluorescein. Recovery curves suggested that the proportion of mobile lipid probe at the anterior pole of the cell was higher than at the posterior. However, no difference was found in the rate of recovery between the two poles. (3) Studies of the time-course of polarization were undertaken using neutrophils in suspension exposed to different isotropic concentrations of fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP). At low concentrations (less than or equal to 10(-9) M), the cells polarized immediately on exposure to the attractant. At a high concentration (10(-7) M) they assumed multipolar morphologies and polarized very poorly, suggesting that ligand binding was too rapid for the cells to form a dominant pole. At the optimal concentration, 10(-8) M fMLP, the cells assumed irregular, ruffled, morphologies after 30s, but showed an increasing proportion of polarized forms over the next 30 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thorough record keeping: A good defense in a litigious era. (1987)

Psychotherapists, like other health professionals, are concerned about the increase in malpracticelitigation and insurance rates. Properly kept records, made in anticipation of future litigation,may be crucial for the psychotherapist who is faced with a malpractice suit. We review cases inwhich records influenced the outcome of malpractice suits, and we make specific recommenda-tions regarding the optimal maintenance of records.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality in Italy, 1958 to 1987 (1993)

We analyzed the mortality rates of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Italy from 1958 to 1987. The overall mean annual mortality rate, adjusted to the 1981 Italian population, was 0.68/100,000 (95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.72); 0.86 for men; and 0.62 for women. During that period, mortality increased for both sexes: from 1958/1962 to 1983/1987, mortality increased by 60% for women and 24% for men. The slope for women was 0.07, and for men, 0.02. Moreover, the mortality rate increased in older age groups and was stable for subjects under 45 years old. There was no clear birth-cohort effect, but in any cohort the age-specific mortality rate increased with advancing age, with no decline for the oldest age. Based on these data, the increase of ALS mortality rates is probably due to the effect of changing methodologic and demographic variables and the decrease of mortality of some competing diseases, rather than a real rise of the risk in the whole population or in specific birth cohorts.
The Reaction of Oxygen-Nitrogen Mixtures with Granular Activated Carbons Below the Spontaneous Ignition Temperature. (1983)

The formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide was followed in the reaction of oxygen-nitrogen mixtures with granular carbons in flow systems. The results may be divided into three categories: (1) In the temperature range 50-200 degrees C, there is anomalous desorption with the formation of a number of maxima in the concentrations of CO and CO2, (2) a higher temperature range in which there is a steady decay of CO and CO2 concentration with first order rate constants observed at constant temperature, and (3) the attainment of a spontaneous ignition temperature (SIT) with good reproducibility. A model is proposed in which a surface carbon-oxygen network of some complexity exists as a barrier to further oxidation. The complex decomposes progressively with increase in temperature with CO and CO2 as end products. When the decomposition of the complex exceeds the rate of formation, the barrier is penetrated and the oxygen can then enter the bulk carbon where unrestricted can take place. This occurs above the SIT. (Author)
Correction of Class II malocclusion with mandibular deficiency via PowerScope appliance (2020)

One of Major challenges in managing mild to moderate malocclusion cases involves management of class II malocclusion with mandibular deficiencies during active growth period and are generally treated via myofunctional appliance. Dissent of myofunctional appliance led to the evolvement of fixed functional appliance. Power scope appliance is used as a latest class II corrector in day to day practice. This case report describes the efficacy of power scope appliance as a skeletal class II corrector in a male patient aged 14 years with mandibular deficiency who reported to the clinic with chief complaint of forwardly placed teeth. Levelling and alignment were performed with ideal arch wire sequencing followed by instalment of Power Scope appliance also patient was monitored every month for further adjustment and reactivation of appliance. As a result, Significant changes were seen in mandibular advancement, incisor proclination as well as reduction in over bite and over jet. Anterior movement of soft tissue pogonion lead to notable improvement in facial profile. Keywords: Dental relationship, Different orthodontic and Orthopaedic.
On scalable and efficient distributed failure detectors (2001)

Process groups in distributed applications and services rely on failure detectors to detect process failures completely, and as quickly, accurately, and scalably as possible, even in the face of unreliable message deliveries. In this paper, we look at quantifying the optimal scalability, in terms of network load, (in messages per second, with messages having a size limit) of distributed, complete failure detectors as a function of application-specified requirements. These requirements are 1) quick failure detection by some non-faulty process, and 2) accuracy of failure detection. We assume a crash-recovery (non-Byzantine) failure model, and a network model that is probabilistically unreliable (w.r.t. message deliveries and process failures). First, we characterize, under certain independence assumptions, the optimum worst-case network load imposed by any failure detector that achieves an application's requirements. We then discuss why traditional heart beating schemes are inherently unscalable according to the optimal load. We also present a randomized, distributed, failure detector algorithm that imposes an equal expected load per group member. This protocol satisfies the application defined constraints of completeness and accuracy, and speed of detection on an average. It imposes a network load that differs frown the optimal by a sub-optimality factor that is much lower than that for traditional distributed heartbeating schemes. Moreover, this sub-optimality factor does not vary with group size (for large groups).
Fingerprints in the Ether: Using the Physical Layer for Wireless Authentication (2009)

The wireless medium contains domain-specific information that can be used to complement and enhance traditional security mechanisms. In this paper we propose ways to exploit the fact that, in a typically rich scattering environment, the radio channel response decorrelates quite rapidly in space. Specifically, we describe a physical-layer algorithm that combines channel probing (M complex frequency response samples over a bandwidth W) with hypothesis testing to determine whether current and prior communication attempts are made by the same user (same channel response). In this way, legitimate users can be reliably authenticated and false users can be reliably detected. To evaluate the feasibility of our algorithm, we simulate spatially variable channel responses in real environments using the WiSE ray-tracing tool; and we analyze the ability of a receiver to discriminate between transmitters (users) based on their channel frequency responses in a given office environment. For several rooms in the extremities of the building we considered, we have confirmed the efficacy of our approach under static channel conditions. For example, measuring five frequency response samples over a bandwidth of 100 MHz and using a transmit power of 100 mW, valid users can be verified with 99% confidence while rejecting false users with greater than 95% confidence.
Linking functional domains of the human insulin receptor with the bacterial aspartate receptor. (1986)

A hybrid receptor has been constructed that is composed of the extracellular domain of the human insulin receptor fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the bacterial aspartate chemoreceptor. This hybrid protein can be expressed in rodent (CHO) cells and displays several functional features comparable to wild-type insulin receptor. It is localized to the cell surface, binds insulin with high affinity, forms oligomers, and is recognized by conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies. Although most of the expressed protein accumulates as a 180-kDa proreceptor, some processed 135-kDa receptor can be detected on the cell surface by covalent cross-linking. Expression of the hybrid receptor inhibits the insulin-activated uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by CHO cells. Thus, this hybrid is partially functional and can be processed; however, it is incapable of native transmembrane signaling. The results indicate that the intact domains of different types of receptors can retain some of the native features in a hybrid molecule but specific requirements will need to be satisfied for transmembrane signaling.
Therapeutic exon skipping for dysferlinopathies? (2010)

Antisense-mediated exon skipping is a promising therapeutic approach for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) currently tested in clinical trials. The aim is to reframe dystrophin transcripts using antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). These hide an exon from the splicing machinery to induce exon skipping, restoration of the reading frame and generation of internally deleted, but partially functional proteins. It thus relies on the characteristic of the dystrophin protein, which has essential N- and C-terminal domains, whereas the central rod domain is largely redundant. This approach may also be applicable to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B), Myoshi myopathy (MM) and distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset (DMAT), which are caused by mutations in the dysferlin-encoding DYSF gene. Dysferlin has a function in repairing muscle membrane damage. Dysferlin contains calcium-dependent C2 lipid binding (C2) domains and an essential transmembrane domain. However, mildly affected patients in whom one or a large number of DYSF exons were missing have been described, suggesting that internally deleted dysferlin proteins can be functional. Thus, exon skipping might also be applicable as a LGMD2B, MM and DMAT therapy. In this study we have analyzed the dysferlin protein domains and DYSF mutations and have described what exons are promising targets with regard to applicability and feasibility. We also show that DYSF exon skipping seems to be as straightforward as DMD exon skipping, as AONs to induce efficient skipping of four DYSF exons were readily identified.
The ras gene family in human non-small-cell lung cancer. (1992)

The three ras genes code for proteins with a putative role in cellular signal transduction. They belong to a larger family of small guanosine-triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins. The ras proteins acquire transforming activity when amino acids are substituted at one of a few specific sites, as a result of a point mutation in the gene. In about one third of adenocarcinomas of the lung, a K-ras mutation is present in codon 12 of the gene. Patients with early stages of K-ras mutation-positive tumors have a very unfavorable prognosis, even if apparently radical resection of the tumor has taken place. K-ras mutations are very rare among nonsmokers, and it is reasonable to assume that carcinogens in tobacco smoke directly cause the mutation. The types of ras mutations found in lung cancer are different from those in gastrointestinal malignancies. Colon cancer is mainly associated with mutations leading to substitution of the normal glycine at amino acid position 12 of K-ras by either valine or aspartic acid, and mutations in N-ras are not exceptional. In contrast, the predominant mutation in lung cancer leads to substitution of cysteine in codon 12. Several other members of the ras gene superfamily are also expressed in human lung cancer, but a possible relationship with lung tumorigenesis remains to be established.
Economic structure and key sectors analysis of greenhouse gas emissions in Uruguay (2012)

This paper identifies the key sectors in greenhouse gas emissions of the Uruguayan economy through input-output analysis. This allows to precisely determine the role played by the different productive sectors and their relationship with other sectors in the relation between the Uruguayan productive structure and atmospheric pollution. In order to guide policy design for GHG reduction, we decompose sectors liability between the pollution generated through their own production processes and the pollution indirectly generated in the production processes of other sectors. The results show that all the key polluting sectors for the different contaminants considered are relevant because of their own emissions, except for the sector Motor vehicles and oil retail trade, which is relevant in CO2 emissions because of its pure, both backward and forward, linkages. Finally, the best policy channels for controlling and reducing GHGs emissions are identified, and compared with the National Climate Change Response Plan (NCCRP) lines of action.
Signal versus noise in fiber-coupled radiation dosimeters for medical applications (2004)

The utilization of scintillation light as a measure of radiation dose has many attractive features for medical applications. When high doses of ionizing radiation are being administered to cancer patients, precise and accurate dosimetry in terms of absolute dose and its location are essential. Fiber Optic Dosimeters [FOD] are unique in this pplication, since compared to other medical radiation dosimeters, they are smaller, more reliable and most significantly, they are human tissue equivalent. The principal limitation of the FOD is its signal to noise ratio, a feature that we discuss in terms of materials science and physical optics. The aim of this study is to outline a theoretical approach to dosimeter design based on geometrical optics that has the potential to increase the signal and decrease the noise.
The development and testing of technologies for the remediation of mercury-contaminated soils, Task 7.52. Topical report, December 1992--December 1993 (1994)

The release of elemental mercury into the environment from manometers that are used in the measurement of natural gas flow through pipelines has created a potentially serious problem for the gas industry. Regulations, particularly the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR), have had a major impact on gas companies dealing with mercury-contaminated soils. After the May 8, 1993, LDR deadline extension, gas companies were required to treat mercury-contaminated soils by designated methods to specified levels prior to disposal in landfills. In addition, gas companies must comply with various state regulations that are often more stringent than the LDR. The gas industry is concerned that the LDRs do not allow enough viable options for dealing with their mercury-related problems. The US Environmental Protection Agency has specified the Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) as thermal roasting or retorting. However, the Agency recognizes that treatment of certain wastes to the LDR standards may not always be achievable and that the BDAT used to set the standard may be inappropriate. Therefore, a Treatability Variance Process for remedial actions was established (40 Code of Federal Regulations 268.44) for the evaluation of alternative remedial technologies. This report presents evaluations of demonstrations for three different remedial technologies: a pilot-scale portable thermal treatment process, a pilot-scale physical separation process in conjunction with chemical leaching, and a bench-scale chemical leaching process.
Phononic Frequency Combs For Engineering MEMS/NEMS Devices With Tunable Sensitivity (2019)

Over the past two decades, MEMS resonators have received considerable attention for physical, chemical and biological sensing applications. Typically, the operation of MEMS resonant sensors relies on the tracking of a resonance frequency using a feedback oscillator. The sensitivity of these sensors is limited by physical parametric variations, as in the Young's modulus, and noise in the oscillator circuit, such that improvement in the sensitivity can require significant effort in the design, fabrication, ovenization, and control of the resonator. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate an alternative sensing approach based on a newly documented physical phenomenon, `phononic frequency combs', where the sensitivity can be actively tuned by the drive conditions. In addition, the spectral response of frequency combs enables an `N+1' fold enhancement in the sensitivity, with `2N+1' being the number of spectral lines associated with a frequency comb.
Midkine Plays a Protective Role Against Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through a Reduction of Apoptotic Reaction (2006)

These results suggest that MK plays a protective role against I/R injury, most likely through a prevention of apoptotic reaction. MK is a potentially important new molecular target for treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Remote (250 km) Fiber Bragg Grating Multiplexing System (2011)

We propose and demonstrate two ultra-long range fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor interrogation systems. In the first approach four FBGs are located 200 km from the monitoring station and a signal to noise ratio of 20 dB is obtained. The second improved version is able to detect the four multiplexed FBGs placed 250 km away, offering a signal to noise ratio of 6-8 dB. Consequently, this last system represents the longest range FBG sensor system reported so far that includes fiber sensor multiplexing capability. Both simple systems are based on a wavelength swept laser to scan the reflection spectra of the FBGs, and they are composed by two identical-lengths optical paths: the first one intended to launch the amplified laser signal by means of Raman amplification and the other one is employed to guide the reflection signal to the reception system.
Sequence requirements for the editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA. (1991)

Apolipoprotein (apo) B48 is produced in the mammalian intestine by a tissue-specific RNA-editing mechanism, which mediates a C to U conversion at position 6666 in apoB mRNA. This generates an inframe translation stop codon (UAA) in place of glutamine (CAA) at position 2153. To establish the sequences required for editing we have used an in vitro conversion assay to monitor the editing of synthetic RNAs by rat intestinal extracts. Transcripts containing 55 nucleotides (positions 6649-6703) or more of human apoB mRNA sequence were edited in vitro. Transcripts containing 42 nucleotides (positions 6648-6689) and 26 nucleotides (positions 6662-6687) were edited at 62 and 24% efficiency, respectively, of the 55-nucleotide sequence. To delineate the precise sequence requirements for editing, mutants were generated where 6-nucleotide sections of the 55-base region were changed to anti-sense sequence. Mutation of the 12-nucleotide region immediately downstream of C-6666 abolished editing, and mutation of 6-base sequences immediately 3' and 5' of this 12-nucleotide region significantly reduced editing. Having identified the key region of interest, a panel of 46 mutant RNAs carrying single base substitutions or deletions between nucleotide positions 6657 and 6685 was constructed. Mutagenesis in the sequence 5'-TGATCAGTATA-3' (positions 6671-6681) downstream of C-6666 had the most dramatic effect, since almost all mutations abolished or greatly reduced conversion in vitro. These results suggest that editing is a highly sequence-specific process. We propose that this downstream region is a recognition and/or binding site for the editing enzyme. A search for this sequence in other genes may help to reveal other RNAs that undergo editing.
The Parasitic Behaviour of Second-Stage Juveniles of Meloidogyne Incognita in Roots of Arabidopsis Thaliana (1992)

The parasitic behaviour of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana was recorded at 25 ± 1 °C with the aid of video-enhanced contrast light microscopy and time lapse techniques. The J2 invaded the root primarily in the region of elongation, close to the meristematic zone. Invasion was achieved, in most cases, by destroying epidermal and subepidermal cells, while intercellular invasion between epidermal cells was less frequent. Inside the root the J2 oriented themselves always in the direction of the root-tip and migrated towards it between cortical and meristematic cells without causing any damage. Occasional attempts at intracellular migration through cortical cells were observed but these failed due to insurmountable barriers. When the J2 reached the apex of the root, they turned round and migrated backwards between the cells towards the differentiating vascular cylinder. Within the differentiated cylinder migration eventually stopped and giant-cell induction was initiated. After a period of induction, the J2 became surrounded by young multinucleate giant-cells within about 24 h. A characteristic behavioural pattern, composed of continuous head and stylet movements, interspersed by periods of stylet-tip protrusion and metacorpal bulb pumping, was maintained throughout all phases of parasitism, also when the J2 fed from the young giant-cells.
Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with primary lung cancer (2002)

Plasma VEGF may be a good clinical indicator for the assessment of primary lung cancer and pleural effusion VEGF in primary lung cancer is higher than pleural effusion VEGF in patients with inflammatory diseases.
Learning Tree Conditional Random Fields (2010)

We examine maximum spanning tree-based methods for learning the structure of tree Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) P (Y|X). We use edge weights which take advantage of local inputs X and thus scale to large problems. For a general class of edge weights, we give a negative learnability result. However, we demonstrate that two members of the class–local Conditional Mutual Information and Decomposable Conditional Influence– have reasonable theoretical bases and perform very well in practice. On synthetic data and a large-scale fMRI application, our methods outperform existing techniques. 1.
Activation profiles of opioid ligands in HEK cells expressing δ opioid receptors (2002)

The data produced from this study can lead to elucidation of the complete activation profiles of several opioid ligands, leading to clarification of the mechanisms involved in physiological effects of these ligands at delta opioid receptors. Furthermore, these data can be used as a basis for novel use of existing opioid ligands based on their pharmacology at delta opioid receptors.