gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria and Cell Death (1999)

Mitochondrial control of apoptosis - an overview, G. Kroemer nitric oxide, cytochrome C and mitochondria, G.C. Brown, V. Borutaite ceramide induces cytochrome C release from isolated mitochondria, C. Ritcher, P. Ghafourifar Bcl-2 and Ca2+-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in neural cell death. A.N. Murphy, G. Fiskum mitochondria, NO and neurodegeneration, M.F. Beal excitotoxicity and mitochondria, D.G. Nicholls et al apoptosis and necrosis - different execution of the same death, P. Nicotera et al the mitochondrial permeability transition - the brain's point of view, J.M. Dubisnky et al mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, J.T. Greenamyre et al secondary abnormalities of mitochondrial DNA associated with neurodegeneration, S.J. Tabrizi, A.H.V. Schapira mutations of the mitochondrial genome - clinical overview and possible pathophysiology of cell damage, S.M. Rothman in vivo measurements of mitochondrial function and cell death following hypoxic/ischaemic damage to the new-born brain, C.E. Cooper mitochondrial in heart ischaemia and ageing, R.G. Hansford et al mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis, M. Singer, D. Brealey the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, M. Crompton et al the mitochondrial permeability transition - its molecular mechanism and role in reperfusion injury, A.P. Halestrap confocal microscopy of the mitochondrial permeability transition in necrotic and apoptotic cell death, J.J. Lemasters et al.
Measurements of volatile organic compounds in the earth's atmosphere using proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (2006)

Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) allows real-time measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air with a high sensitivity and a fast time response. The use of PTR-MS in atmospheric research has expanded rapidly in recent years, and much has been learned about the instrument response and specificity of the technique in the analysis of air from different regions of the atmosphere. This paper aims to review the progress that has been made. The theory of operation is described and allows the response of the instrument to be described for different operating conditions. More accurate determinations of the instrument response involve calibrations using standard mixtures, and some results are shown. Much has been learned about the specificity of PTR-MS from inter-comparison studies as well the coupling of PTR-MS with a gas chromatographic interface. The literature on this issue is reviewed and summarized for many VOCs of atmospheric interest. Some highlights of airborne measurements by PTR-MS are presented, including the results obtained in fresh and aged forest-fire and urban plumes. Finally, the recent work that is focused on improving the technique is discussed.
Range filtering for sequential GPS receivers with external sensor augmentation (1987)

The filtering of the satellite range and range-rate measurements from single channel sequential Global Positioning System receivers is usually done with an extended Kalman filter which has state variables defined in terms of an orthogonal navigation reference frame. An attractive suboptimal alternative is range-domain filtering, in which the individual satellite measurements are filtered separately before they are combined for the navigation solution. The main advantages of range-domain filtering are decreased processing and storage requirements and simplified tuning. Several range filter mechanization alternatives are presented, along with an innovative approach for combining the filtered range-domain quantities to determine the navigation state estimate. In addition, a method is outlined for incorporating measurements from auxiliary sensors such as altimeters into the navigation state estimation scheme similarly to the satellite measurements. A method is also described for incorporating inertial measurements into the navigation state estimator as a process driver.
Alginate modified nanostructured calcium carbonate with enhanced delivery efficiency for gene and drug delivery (2011)

To improve the performance of nanostructured calcium carbonate in gene delivery, a hydrophilic polysaccharide, alginate, was added to calcium carbonate co-precipitation systems to form alginate/CaCO(3)/DNA nanoparticles. The size and ζ-potential of the nanoparticles were measured by a zetasizer. Due to the existence of alginate chains which retarded the growth of calcium carbonate based co-precipitates, the alginate/CaCO(3)/DNA nanoparticles exhibited a decreased size and enhanced stability in the aqueous solution. To evaluate the gene and drug co-delivery ability, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), a water-soluble anticancer drug, was loaded in the nanoparticles to form alginate/CaCO(3)/DNA/DOX nanoparticles. The in vitro gene transfections mediated by different nanoparticles in 293 T cells and HeLa cells were carried out, using pGL3-Luc as a reporter plasmid. With an appropriate amount of alginate, the gene transfection efficiency of alginate modified nanoparticles could be significantly enhanced as compared with the nanoparticles without alginate modification for the gene delivery systems, as well as the gene and drug co-delivery systems. The study on in vitro cell inhibition effects showed that the cell viability decreased with increasing DOX amount loaded in alginate/CaCO(3)/DNA/DOX nanoparticles. The alginate modification is a useful strategy to improve the calcium carbonate co-precipitation technique for the preparation of gene and drug delivery systems, and the nanoparticles prepared in this study have promising applications in gene and drug delivery.
Anti-Alpha-Hemolysin Monoclonal Antibodies Mediate Protection against<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Pneumonia (2009)

Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is one of the most common invasive diseases caused by this human pathogen. S. aureus alpha-hemolysin, a pore-forming cytotoxin, is an essential virulence factor in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Vaccine-based targeting of this toxin provides protection against lethal staphylococcal pneumonia in a murine model system, suggesting that a monoclonal antibody-based therapy may likewise prove to be efficacious for prevention and treatment of this disease. We report the generation of two distinct anti-alpha-hemolysin monoclonal antibodies that antagonize toxin activity, preventing human lung cell injury in vitro and protecting experimental animals against lethal S. aureus pneumonia. Each of these two monoclonal antibodies recognized an epitope within the first 50 amino acid residues of the mature toxin and blocked the formation of a stable alpha-hemolysin oligomer on the target cell surface. Active immunization with the first 50 amino acids of the toxin also conferred protection against S. aureus pneumonia. Together, these data reveal passive and active immunization strategies for prevention or therapy of staphylococcal pneumonia and highlight the potential role that a critical epitope may play in defining human susceptibility to this deadly disease.
Sensory neuronal phenotype in galanin receptor 2 knockout mice: focus on dorsal root ganglion neurone development and pain behaviour (2006)

Galanin is a 29-amino-acid peptide expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones and spinal dorsal horn neurones. It affects pain threshold and has developmental and trophic effects. Galanin acts at three G-protein-coupled receptors, galanin receptors (GalR1-3), each expressed in the DRGs as suggested by in situ hybridization and/or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The GalR2 knockout (-/-) mice permit studies on the contributions of this receptor subtype to the role of galanin at the spinal level. At 1 week after sciatic nerve transection (axotomy), there were 16-20% fewer neurones in intact and contralateral DRGs of -/- mice as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, a significant neurone loss (26% reduction) was found in the ipsilateral DRGs of WT mice, whereas no further neurone loss was seen in -/- mice. Expression of several peptides has been examined after axotomy, including galanin, neuropeptide Y and two of its receptors as well as substance P, and no significant differences were found between -/- and WT mice in either ipsi- or contralateral DRGs, respectively. After thermal injury and spinal nerve ligation, onset and duration of hyperalgesia in the injured paw were similar in GalR2-/- and WT animals. Recovery from spinal nerve ligation-caused allodynia had the same kinetics in -/- and WT animals. These data are in line with earlier observations from the peripheral and central nervous system, suggesting that galanin actions mediated by GalR2 subtype are of importance in neurodevelopment and neuroprotection.
Behavior of materials under conditions of thermal stress (1953)

A review is presented of available information on the behavior of brittle and ductile materials under conditions of thermal stress and thermal shock. For brittle materials, a simple formula relating physical properties to thermal-shock resistance is derived and used to determine the relative significance of two indices currently in use for rating materials. For ductile materials, thermal-shock resistance depends upon the complex interrelation among several metallurgical variables which seriously affect strength and ductility. These variables are briefly discussed and illustrated from literature sources. The importance of simulating operating conditions in tests for rating materials is especially to be emphasized because of the importance of testing conditions in metallurgy. A number of practical methods that have been used to minimize the deleterious effects of thermal stress and thermal shock are outlined.
Randomized control trials using a tablet formulation of hyperimmune bovine colostrum to prevent diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>in volunteers (2011)

Active tablet formulations were significantly more effective than placebo in protecting volunteers against the development of diarrhea caused by ETEC. These results suggest that administration of a tablet formulation of hyperimmune bovine colostrum containing antibodies against ETEC strains may reduce the risk of travelers' diarrhea.
Quenching of CdSe−ZnS Core−Shell Quantum Dot Luminescence by Water-Soluble Thiolated Ligands (2007)

Water-soluble thiolated molecules are among the most commonly used ligands to render quantum dots (QDs) water-soluble and biocompatible. These ligands maintain a relatively small total QD size, which makes them useful for many biological applications, but often cause a reduction of the quantum yield. The resulting quantum yields vary significantly between different reports and a complete understanding of the mechanism underlying the quenching of luminescence is lacking. We have studied the effect of ligand-exchange reaction time with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and find an exponential decrease of quantum yield with time. We have also investigated the quenching effect of various commonly used thiolated ligands. A strong dependence on size and charge of the quenching molecule was observed; the Stern−Volmer plots were nonlinear and represent multiple quenching pathways. By comparison with nonthiolated analogues, the relative contributions of the thiol group, carboxyl group, and alcohol group to the quenching behavior were assessed. Furthermore, luminescence lifetime analysis revealed that quenching is static rather than diffusive in origin, indicating that it only arises from ligands coordinated to the QD surface. Our results will be helpful for QD chemists and biophysicists to select the optimal ligands for their particular application.
Temporary use of a Bird's Nest filter during iliocaval thrombolysis. (1996)

A jugular Bird's Nest filter (Cook, Bloomington, Ind) was partially deployed in the suprarenal cava for prophylaxis to prevent pulmonary embolism in a young woman with phlegmasia cerulea dolens. It was effective in capturing large emboli during thrombolysis of a loose iliocaval thrombus. It was safely removed 6 1/2 hours later, after lysis of most retained filter clots.
Acanthamoeba keratitis successfully treated medically. (1985)

The first medical cure of a corneal infection due to an Acanthamoeba species is reported. The 44-year-old patient developed a suppurative keratitis associated with an epithelial defect, hypopyon, and secondary glaucoma. Acanthamoeba was confirmed as the causative agent four months after presentation when positive cultures were obtained from the cornea and from the conjunctiva. Sensitivity studies of the isolated organism were performed, and the infection was successfully controlled by treatment with a combination of dibromopropamidine and propamidine isethionate ointment and drops and neomycin drops. Keratoplasty was performed 22 months after onset, and no viable acanthamoebae were present in the resected tissue, though possible cyst remnants were identified by immunofluorescent techniques.
Dynamics of fossil fuel CO<sub>2</sub> neutralization by marine CaCO<sub>3</sub> (1998)

A detailed model of the ocean circulation and carbon cycle was coupled to a mechanistic model of CaCO 3 diagenesis in deep sea sediments to simulate the millennium‐scale response of the oceans to future fossil fuel CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere and deep sea. Simulations of deep sea injection of CO 2 show that CaCO 3 dissolution is sensitive to passage of high‐CO 2 waters through the Atlantic Ocean, but CaCO 3 dissolution has a negligible impact on atmospheric p CO 2 or the atmospheric stabilization CO 2 emission in the coming centuries. The ultimate fate of the fossil fuel CO 2 will be to react with CaCO 3 on the seafloor and on land. An initial CaCO 3 dissolution spike reverses the net sedimentation rate in the ocean until it is attenuated by an enhanced vertical gradient of alkalinity after about 1000 years. The magnitude of the initial spike is sensitive to assumptions about the kinetics for CaCO 3 dissolution, but subsequent behavior appears to be less model dependent. Neutralization by seafloor CaCO 3 occurs on a timescale of 5–6 kyr, and is limited to at most 60–70% of the fossil fuel release, even if the fossil fuel release is smaller than the seafloor erodible inventory of CaCO 3 . Additional neutralization by terrestrial CaCO 3 restores a balance between CaCO 3 weathering and seafloor accumulation on a timescale of 8.5 kyr, while the deficit of seafloor CaCO 3 (the lysocline) is replenished with an e ‐folding timescale of approximately 18 kyr. The final equilibrium with CaCO 3 leaves 7–8% of the fossil fuel CO 2 remaining in the atmosphere, to be neutralized by the silicate rock cycle on a time frame of hundreds of thousands of years.
International Control of Raw Materials. By Benjamin B. Wallace and Lyns R. Edminster. Washington: The Brookings Institution. $3.50 (1931)

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Leucine Dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: Identification of Active-Site Lysine by Modification with Pyridoxal Phosphate1 (1992)

We have constructed an efficient expression plasmid for the leucine dehydrogenase gene previously cloned from Bacillus stearothermophilus. The recombinant enzyme was overproduced in Escherichia coli cells to a level of more than 30% of the total soluble protein upon induction with isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. The enzyme could be readily purified to homogeneity by heat treatment and a single step of ion-exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme was inactivated in a time-dependent manner upon incubation with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) followed by reduction with sodium borohydride. The inactivation was completely prevented in the copresence of L-leucine and NAD+. Concomitantly with the inactivation, several molecules of PLP were incorporated into each subunit of the hexameric enzyme. Sequence analysis of the fluorescent peptides isolated from a proteolytic digest of the modified protein revealed that Lys80, Lys91, Lys206, and Lys265 were labeled. Among these residues, Lys80 was predominantly labeled and, in the presence of L-leucine and NAD+, was specifically protected from the labeling. Furthermore, a linear relationship of about 1:1 was observed between the extent of inactivation and the amount of PLP incorporated into Lys80. A slightly active mutant enzyme, in which Lys80 is replaced by Ala, was not inactivated at all by incubation with PLP, showing that the inactivation is correlated with the labeling of only Lys80. Lys80is conserved in the corresponding regions of all the amino acid dehydrogenase sequences reported to date. These results suggest that Lys80 is located at the active site and plays an important role in the catalytic function of leucine dehydrogenase.
Epithelial desquamation observed in a phase I study of an oral cathepsin C inhibitor (GSK2793660) (2017)

GSK2793660 inhibited CTSC activity but not the activity of downstream neutrophil serine proteases. The palmar-plantar epidermal desquamation suggests a previously unidentified role for CTSC or one of its target proteins in the maintenance and integrity of the epidermis at these sites, with some similarities to the phenotype of CTSC-deficient humans.
Direct Writing of Silicon Lines by Pyrolytic Argon Laser CVD (1986)

A novel laser-induced CVD apparatus with a direct pattern writing ability by a pyrolytic decomposition of SiH 4 has been developed. With this equipment, a CW argon laser with an output power of 20 W was used. The argon laser beam, which provides localized heating of the substrate, was utilized to decompose gas-phase molecules, resulting in film deposition. By using this equipment, direct pattern writing of polycrystalline silicon with a smooth surface on silicon substrate covered with SiO 2 layer has been realized with a high deposition rate as well as good controllability and crystallinity.
Transaction Models for Massively Multiplayer Online Games (2011)

Massively Multiplayer Online Games are considered large distributed systems where the game state is partially replicated across the server and thousands of clients. Given the scale, game engines typically offer only relaxed consistency without well-defined guarantees. In this paper, we leverage the concept of transactions to define consistency models that are suitable for gaming environments. We define game specific levels of consistency that differ in the degree of isolation and atomicity they provide, and demonstrate the costs associated with their execution. Each action type within a game can then be assigned the appropriate consistency level, choosing the right trade-off between consistency and performance. The issue of durability and fault-tolerance of game actions is also discussed.
3D face reconstruction based on multi-view stereo algorithm (2014)

This paper presents a 3D face reconstruction method based on multi-view stereo algorithm, the proposed algorithm reconstructs 3D face model from videos captured around static human faces. Image sequence is processed as the input of shape from motion algorithm to estimate camera parameters and camera positions, 3D points with different denseness degree could be acquired by using a method named patch based multi-view stereopsis, finally, the proposed method uses a surface reconstruction algorithm to generate a watertight 3D face model. The proposed approach can automatically detect facial feature points; it does not need any initialization and special equipments; videos can be obtained with commonly used picture pick-up device such as mobile phones. Several groups of experiments have been conducted to validate the availability of the proposed method.
Pairing broadband noise with cortical stimulation induces extensive suppression of ascending sensory activity (2015)

We propose that the corticofugal system is designed to decrease the brain's input gain to irrelevant stimuli and PN-Stim is able to artificially amplify this effect to suppress neural firing across the auditory system. The PN-Stim concept may have potential for treating tinnitus and other neurological disorders.
Non-invasive measurements in wheezing preschool children (2011)

Dapper loopt Luna de onderzoekskamer in. 'Kim, gaan we vandaag weer
InfoZoom − Analysing Formula One racing results with an interactive data mining and visualisation tool (2000)

This paper describes the application of the data analysis tool InfoZoom to a database of Formula One racing results of the last 20 years. No automatic method for data mining is used. Instead, InfoZoom enables the user to interactively explore different visualisations of the data. In this way, the user gets a feeling of the data, detects interesting knowledge, and gains a deep understanding of the data set. InfoZoom displays database relations in tables with attributes as rows and objects as columns. In our example, each column corresponds to the participation of a driver in a certain race. The table has about 8000 columns. The attributes include the name of the driver, his team, the date and location of the race, and the starting and final position. InfoZoom compresses this table by reducing the column width until all the 8000 columns fit on the screen. The column width is then about 0.1 pixels. Special techniques are used to make such highly compressed tables readable. The most important is that neighbouring cells with identical values are combined into one larger cell. The width of each cell indicates the number of subsequent objects with this value. If a cell is to small to display a numeric value, a short horizontal line still indicates its relative height. In this way the value distribution of each attribute can be seen at a glance. Correlations can be found by subsequent sorts by different attributes and by animated zooms into interesting areas of the table. Like the formula-cells in a spreadsheet program, derived summary attributes (like average, maximum etc.) can be defined which are automatically updated by InfoZoom when necessary. InfoZoom was initially developed at GMD and is now extended and marketed by the spin-off company humanIT.
Human CtIP Mediates Cell Cycle Control of DNA End Resection and Double Strand Break Repair (2009)

In G(0) and G(1), DNA double strand breaks are repaired by nonhomologous end joining, whereas in S and G(2), they are also repaired by homologous recombination. The human CtIP protein controls double strand break (DSB) resection, an event that occurs effectively only in S/G(2) and that promotes homologous recombination but not non-homologous end joining. Here, we mutate a highly conserved cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) target motif in CtIP and reveal that mutating Thr-847 to Ala impairs resection, whereas mutating it to Glu to mimic constitutive phosphorylation does not. Moreover, we show that unlike cells expressing wild-type CtIP, cells expressing the Thr-to-Glu mutant resect DSBs even after CDK inhibition. Finally, we establish that Thr-847 mutations to either Ala or Glu affect DSB repair efficiency, cause hypersensitivity toward DSB-generating agents, and affect the frequency and nature of radiation-induced chromosomal rearrangements. These results suggest that CDK-mediated control of resection in human cells operates by mechanisms similar to those recently established in yeast.