gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Speed Fluorescence Detection of Explosives-like Vapors (2000)

In this paper, we report on the preparation of novel cross-reactive optical microsensors for high-speed detection of low-level explosives and explosives-like vapors. Porous silica microspheres with an incorporated environmentally sensitive fluorescent dye are employed in high-density sensor arrays to monitor fluorescence changes during nitroaromatic compound (NAC) vapor exposure. The porous silica-based sensor materials have good adsorption characteristics, high surface areas, and surface functionality to help maximize analyte-dye interactions. These interactions occur immediately upon vapor exposure, i.e., in less than 200 ms and are monitored with a high-speed charge-coupled device camera to produce characteristic and reproducible vapor response profiles for individual sensors within an array. Employing thousands of identical microsensors permits sensor responses to be combined, which significantly reduces sensor noise and enhances detection limits. Normalized response profiles for 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) are independent of analyte concentration, analyte exposure time, or sensor age for an array of one sensor type. Explosives-like NACs such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene and DNB are detected at low part-per-billion levels in seconds. Sensor-analyte profiles of some sensor types are more sensitive to low-level NAC vapor even when in a higher organic vapor background. We show that single-element arrays permit the detection of low-level nitroaromatic compound vapors because of sensor-to-sensor reproducibility and signal averaging.
Finite element methods (part 2) . Numerical methods for solids (part 2) (1996)

Part 1 Finite element methods: origins, milestones and directions of finite element method - a personal view, O.C. Zienkiewicz automatic mesh generation and finite element computation, P.L. George. Part 2 Numerical methods for solids: limit analysis of collapse states, E. Christiansen numerical methods for unilateral problems in solid mechanics, J. Haslinger et al mathematical modelling of rods, L. Trabucho and J.M. Viano.
Synthesis of (−)‐Streptenol A, (±)‐Streptenol B, C and D (1996)

Abstract 2‐(2,2‐Dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐4‐yl)acetaldehyde ( 3 ) was used for the preparation of streptenol A and B (Scheme 1) via a Grignard reaction with 1‐bromopent‐3‐ene. Hereby optically pure (4′ R )‐ 3 gave the antipode of Streptenol A. Reaction with lithiated 1‐pentyne opened access to streptenol C and D. To obtain the dienone structure of streptenol C and D, a palladium‐catalyzed alkynone isomerization was induced. Kinetic differences in the acid‐mediated cleavage of the 1,3‐acetonide protected 1,3,5‐triol system caused the stereoselectivity in the natural products. So only the (3 S * ,5 R * ) acetonide of streptenol B reacted under mild hydrolytic conditions and gave after transacetalization first a 3,5‐protected streptenol B with pure relative stereochemistry and finally (3 S * ,5 R * )‐streptenol B.
Synthesis of Au–CdS Core–Shell Hetero‐Nanorods with Efficient Exciton–Plasmon Interactions (2011)

Abstract The synthesis of large lattice mismatch metal‐semiconductor core–shell hetero‐nanostructures remains challenging, and thus the corresponding optical properties are seldom discussed. Here, we report the gold‐nanorod‐seeded growth of Au–CdS core–shell hetero‐nanorods by employing Ag 2 S as an interim layer that favors CdS shell formation through a cation‐exchange process, and the subsequent CdS growth, which can form complete core–shell structures with controllable shell thickness. Exciton–plasmon interactions observed in the Au–CdS nanorods induce shell thickness‐tailored and red‐shifted longitudinal surface plasmon resonance and quenched CdS luminescence under ultraviolet light excitation. Furthermore, the Au–CdS nanorods demonstrate an enhanced and plasmon‐governed two‐photon luminescence under near‐infrared pulsed laser excitation. The approach has potential for the preparation of other metal‐semiconductor hetero‐nanomaterials with complete core–shell structures, and these Au–CdS nanorods may open up intriguing new possibilities at the interface of optics and electronics.
Facile synthesis of [11C]buprenorphine for positron emission tomographic studies of opioid receptors (1990)

We have developed a simple and rapid method for the production of buprenorphine (BPN), a potent opioid partial agonist, labelled with carbon-11 at the 6-methoxy position. The procedure uses a precursor synthesized in high yield (89%) from BPN in two steps and employs [11C]iodomethane as the radiolabelling reagent. [11C]BPN of 97% radiochemical purity can be prepared in high specific activity (41 GBq/mumol; 1120 mCi/mumol) in a radiochemical yield of 10% at end-of-synthesis (not decay corrected). The [11C]BPN is available for use in studies of cerebral opioid receptors by positron emission tomography within 24 min from end-of-bombardment, including radiosynthesis, purification, formulation for i.v. injection and determination of specific activity.
Radical analysis network for zero-shot learning in printed Chinese character recognition (2017)

Chinese characters have a huge set of character categories, more than 20,000 and the number is still increasing as more and more novel characters continue being created. However, the enormous characters can be decomposed into a compact set of about 500 fundamental and structural radicals. This paper introduces a novel radical analysis network (RAN) to recognize printed Chinese characters by identifying radicals and analyzing two-dimensional spatial structures among them. The proposed RAN first extracts visual features from input by employing convolutional neural networks as an encoder. Then a decoder based on recurrent neural networks is employed, aiming at generating captions of Chinese characters by detecting radicals and two-dimensional structures through a spatial attention mechanism. The manner of treating a Chinese character as a composition of radicals rather than a single character class largely reduces the size of vocabulary and enables RAN to possess the ability of recognizing unseen Chinese character classes, namely zero-shot learning.
Honey Bee Foraging Preferences, Effects of Sugars, and Fruit Fly Toxic Bait Components (2009)

Field tests were carried out to evaluate the repellency of the Dow AgroSciences fruit fly toxic bait GF-120 (NF Naturalyte) to domestic honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). GF-120 is an organically registered attractive bait for tephritid fruit flies composed of spinosad, hydrolyzed protein (Solulys), high-fructose corn syrup (ADM CornSweet 42 high-fructose corn syrup, referred to as invertose sugar or invertose here), vegetable oils, adjuvants, humectants, and attractants. Tests were carried out with non-Africanized honey bees in February and March 2005 and 2007 during periods of maximum hunger for these bees. In all tests, bees were first trained to forage from plates of 30% honey-water (2005) or 30% invertose (2007). In 2005 bees were offered choices between honey-water and various bait components, including the complete toxic bait. In 2007, similar tests were performed except bees were attracted with 30% invertose then offered the bait components or complete bait as no-choice tests. Initially, the 2005 tests used all the components of GF-120 except the spinosad as the test bait. After we were convinced that bees would not collect or be contaminated by the bait, we tested the complete GF-120. Behavior of the bees indicated that during initial attraction and after switching the baits, the bait components and the complete bait were repellent to honey bees, but the honey-water remained attractive. Invertose was shown to be less attractive to bees, addition of Solulys eliminated almost all bee activity, and addition of ammonium acetate completely eliminated feeding in both choice and no-choice tests. These results confirm previous tests showing that bees do not feed on GF-120 and also show that honey bees are repelled by the fruit fly attractant components of the bait in field tests.
Morphology of Graphene on Step-Controlled Sapphire Surfaces (2009)

Graphene attached on a sapphire surface with regularly ordered step-terrace structure was observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). We found that graphene tightly adheres to a sapphire surface and the buried step structure on the sapphire surface was clearly observed on the graphene surface. Height of a single-layer graphene was estimated to be approximately 0.36 nm on sapphire surface, which is in good agreement with the theoretical height. These results indicate that sapphire is suitable for the substrate that supports graphene because we can obtain undistorted graphene that is tightly fixed on a substrate surface.
Discovery of transgene insertion sites by high throughput sequencing of mate pair libraries (2014)

Similar to other molecular approaches to transgene insertion site discovery, high-throughput sequencing of standard paired-end libraries is hindered by low signal to noise ratios. This problem is exacerbated when the transgene consists of sequences that are also present in the host genome. We've found that high throughput sequencing data from mate-pair libraries are more informative when compared to data from standard paired end libraries. We also show examples of the genomic regions that harbor transgenes, which have in common a preponderance of repetitive sequences.
Linear Equations and Matrices (2004)

One of the central motivations for linear algebra is solving a system oflinear equations.
Microglia enhanced the angiogenesis, migration and proliferation of co-cultured RMECs (2018)

Microglia, especially activated microglia, play important roles in angiogenesis and maintenance of vascular function hemostasis in the retinal microvasculature. The mechanism needs further investigation and clarification.
The Binocular Combination of Chromatic Contrast (2005)

How is chromatic contrast combined binocularly? One index of binocularity is the binocular contrast summation ratio (BCSR), which is the improvement in contrast sensitivity with binocular rather than monocular presentation. Simmons and Kingdom (1998, Vision Research 38 1063-1071) noted that BCSRs with some red-green isoluminant stimuli were suggestive of full linear summation. This suggestion was investigated further in four subjects by measuring binocular and monocular contrast thresholds for the detection of 0.5 cycle deg(1) isoluminant (red-green) and isochromatic (yellow-black) Gabor patches. These Gabor patches had either vertically or horizontally oriented carrier gratings and were either dichoptically in phase (same coloured bars in binocular correspondence) or in dichoptic anti-phase (opposite coloured bars in binocular correspondence). Full linear summation would be indicated by BCSRs of 2 for the in-phase and close to 0 for the anti-phase conditions. Mean BCSRs at isoluminance were 1.93 and 0.90, respectively, for the in-phase and anti-phase stimuli with horizontal carriers, the former being consistent with full linear summation, but the latter not. Despite these results, BCSRs obtained with isoluminant and isochromatic stimuli under similar conditions were not statistically distinguishable from each other, although there was a tendency for summation at isoluminance with in-phase stimuli to be higher and anti-phase stimuli to be lower. These data fall short of demonstrating full linear summation of chromatic contrast between the eyes under all presentation conditions, but they do indicate that there are strong binocular interactions at red-green isoluminance, which are similar to, and possibly even stronger than, those obtained with luminance stimuli.
Cross-layer link adaptation design for relay channels with cooperative ARQ protocol (2009)

The cooperative automatic repeat request (C-ARQ) is a link layer relaying protocol which exploits the spatial diversity and allows the relay node to retransmit the source data packet to the destination, when the latter is unable to decode the source data correctly. This paper presents a cross-layer link adaptation design for C-ARQ based relay channels in which both source and relay nodes employ adaptive modulation coding and power adaptation at the physical layer. For this scenario, we first derive closed-form expressions for the system spectral efficiency and average power consumption. We then present a low complexity iterative algorithm to find the optimized adaptation solution by maximizing the spectral efficiency subject to a packet loss rate (PLR) and an average power consumption constraint. The results indicate that the proposed adaptation scheme enhances the spectral efficiency noticeably when compared to other adaptive schemes, while guaranteeing the required PLR performance.
<title>Semantic transcoding of video based on regions of interest</title> (2003)

Traditional transcoding on multimedia has been performed from the perspectives of user terminal capabilities such as display sizes and decoding processing power, and network resources such as available network bandwidth and quality of services (QoS) etc. The adaptation (or transcoding) of multimedia contents to given such constraints has been made by frame dropping and resizing of audiovisual, as well as reduction of SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) values by saving the resulting bitrates. Not only such traditional transcoding is performed from the perspective of user’s environment, but also we incorporate a method of semantic transcoding of audiovisual based on region of interest (ROI) from user’s perspective. Users can designate their interested parts in images or video so that the corresponding video contents can be adapted focused on the user’s ROI. We incorporate the MPEG-21 DIA (Digital Item Adaptation) framework in which such semantic information of the user’s ROI is represented and delivered to the content provider side as XDI (context digital item). Representation schema of our semantic information of the user’s ROI has been adopted in MPEG-21 DIA Adaptation Model. In this paper, we present the usage of semantic information of user’s ROI for transcoding and show our system implementation with experimental results.
Absorption Spectrum of Vaporized Titanium Monofluoride (1969)

The electronic absorption spectrum of TiF(g) has been obtained utilizing the techniques of flash heating and kinetic spectroscopy. No spectroscopic data have previously been reported for this molecule, which is observed in the vapor only during the preparative photoflash. The spectrum may be produced by the flash heating of powdered TiF3 or TiF4. It may also be obtained from the powdered metal flashed in the presence of CF4, SF6, or solid aluminum trifluoride. Three band systems have been observed, the main system occurring in the region 3930–4088 Å. The other two systems are in the regions 3855–3906 Å and 3650–3775 Å. The principal spectroscopic features resemble those of TiCl obtained by flash heating TiCl3(s) or Na2TiCl4(s). A vibrational analysis of the main system of TiF shows it to be a Δυ = 0 sequence for the transition from the Σ−4(δ2σ) ground state to a Π(δ24π or δσπ) excited state. An absorption band attributed to the (1, 0) transition is consistent with ωe″ = 593 cm−1. A number of bands remain unassigned.
Colorimetric detection of Fe3+ ions using pyrophosphate functionalized gold nanoparticles (2011)

A sensitive, selective colorimetric Fe(3+) detection method has been developed by using pyrophosphate functionalized gold nanoparticles (P(2)O(7)(4-)-AuNPs). Gold nanoparticles were prepared by reducing HAuCl(4) with sodium borohydride, in the presence of Na(4)P(2)O(7). IR spectra suggested that pyrophosphates were capped on the surface of the gold nanoparticles. Aggregation of P(2)O(7)(4-)-AuNPs was induced immediately in the presence of Fe(3+) ions, yielding a color change from pink to violet. This Fe(3+)-induced aggregation of P(2)O(7)(4-)-AuNPs was monitored using first the naked eye and then UV-vis spectroscopy with a detection limit of 5.6 μM. The P(2)O(7)(4-)-AuNPs bound by Fe(3+) showed excellent selectivity compared to other metal ions (Ca(2+), Cd(2+), Co(2+), Fe(2+), Hg(2+), K(+), Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Na(+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+), and Zn(2+)). The best detection of Fe(3+) was achieved in a pH range from 3 to 9. In addition, the P(2)O(7)(4-)-AuNPs were also used to detect Fe(3+) in lake water samples, with low interference.
Choice of metal and wavelength for surface-plasmon resonance sensors: some considerations (1992)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Helene E. de Bruijn, Rob P. H. Kooyman, and Jan Greve, "Choice of metal and wavelength for surface-plasmon resonance sensors: some considerations," Appl. Opt. 31, 440_1-442 (1992) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Role of the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Cytosolic Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> Signaling Pathway in Blood—Brain Barrier Disruption after Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion (2008)

Cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) is a key enzyme that mediates arachidonic acid metabolism, which causes cerebral ischemia-induced oxidative injury, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and edema. Recent reports have shown that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is related to phosphorylation and activation of cPLA(2) and release of arachidonic acid. However, involvement of the p38 MAPK pathway in cPLA(2) activation and of reactive oxygen species in expression of p38 MAPK/cPLA(2) after ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain remains unclear. To address these issues, we used a model of transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI) in rats. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in expression of phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-cPLA(2) in rat brain cortex after tFCI. Activity assays showed that both p38 MAPK and cPLA(2) activation markedly increased 1 day after reperfusion. Intraventricular administration of SB203580 significantly suppressed activation and phosphorylation of cPLA(2) and attenuated BBB extravasation and subsequent edema. Moreover, overexpression of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase remarkably diminished activation and phosphorylation of both p38 MAPK and cPLA(2) after reperfusion. These findings suggest that the p38 MAPK/cPLA(2) pathway may promote BBB disruption with secondary vasogenic edema and that superoxide anions can stimulate this pathway after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Specificity of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> SK11 Proteinase, Lactocepin III, in Low-Water-Activity, High-Salt-Concentration Humectant Systems and Its Stability Compared with That of Lactocepin I (1999)

Marked changes in the specificity of hydrolysis of alphas1-, beta-, and kappa-caseins by lactocepin III from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 were found in humectant systems giving the equivalent water activity (aw) and salt concentration of cheddar cheese. Correlations were noted between certain peptides produced by the activity of lactocepin III in the humectant systems and peptides found in cheddar cheese. The stability of lactocepin III was compared with that of lactocepin I from L. lactis subsp. cremoris HP in the humectant systems at different pHs. Significant differences between the stability of each of the lactocepin types were evident. The relationship between stability and humectant type, aw, pH, and NaCl concentration was complex. Nevertheless, in those systems where aw, pH, and NaCl concentration were equivalent to those in cheddar cheese, lactocepin I was generally more stable than lactocepin III. It was concluded that differences in the specificity and/or stability of various lactocepin types are likely to persist in cheese itself and therefore potentially contribute to differences in the peptide composition of ripened cheese.
Supramolecular assembly of graphene with functionalized poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene): the role of the anthraquinone pendant groups (2011)

Hybrid materials composed of graphene and conjugated poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene) endowed with redox-active anthraquinone moieties are prepared. Remarkable changes in the electronic properties of the polymer are observed. Effective interactions among the pendant anthraquinone and graphene, likely due to π-π stacking, are confirmed.
Practical method for the synthesis of D- or L-.alpha.-amino acids by the alkylation of (+)- or (-)-pseudoephedrine glycinamide. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPractical method for the synthesis of D- or L-.alpha.-amino acids by the alkylation of (+)- or (-)-pseudoephedrine glycinamide.Andrew G. Myers, James L. Gleason, and Taeyoung YoonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 32, 8488–8489Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00137a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00137a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1790Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A study of deep-submicron MOSFET scaling based on experiment and simulation (1995)

The scaling relationships among three fundamental quantities of deep-submicron MOSFET's, i.e., effective channel length L/sub eff/, device speed g/sub m//WC/sub ox/, and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) /spl delta/V/sub t///spl delta/V/sub ds/, are investigated using both device measurements and numerical simulations. It is found that these relationships can be expressed in power-law forms with excellent statistical significance for both experimental and simulation data samples. The dependence of these scaling relationships on two sets of device parameters is also investigated experimentally and confirmed by numerical simulations. These two sets of parameters are: 1) channel parameters-gate oxide thickness t/sub ox/ threshold voltage V/sub t/, and channel doping profile; and 2) source/drain parameters-junction depth x/sub j/, parasitic resistance R/sub sd/, and junction abruptness (e.g., "halo" doping structure). In the deep-submicron regime with L/sub eff/ from 0.5 /spl mu/m down to sub-0.1 /spl mu/m, it is found that certain relationships among the three fundamental quantities are insensitive or "universal" with respect to particular subsets of device parameters. The relationship between g/sub m//WC/sub ox/ and /spl delta/V/sub t///spl delta/V/sub ds/ with L/sub eff/ as an implicit variable is found to be insensitive to t/sub ox/, V/sub t/, and channel doping profile within their respective experimental ranges. The trade-off between device performance (represented by g/sub m//WC/sub ox/) and short channel effect (represented by /spl delta/V/sub t///spl delta/V/sub ds/) is dominated by source/drain parameters x/sub j/, R/sub sd/ and junction abruptness, rather than channel parameters t/sub ox/, V/sub t/ and channel doping profile. Also, the power coefficient relating /spl delta/V/sub t///spl delta/V/sub ds/, to L/sub eff/ is found to be insensitive to t/sub ox/, V/sub t/, and channel doping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>