gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Content Based Spam E-mail Filtering (2016)

Currently, E-mail is one of the most important methods of communication. However, the increasing of spam e-mails causes traffic congestion, decreasing productivity, phishing, which has become a serious problem for our society. And the number of spam e-mail is increasing every year. Therefore, spam e-mail filtering is an important, meaningful and challenging topic. The aim of this research is to find an effective solution to filter possible spam e-mails. And as we know, in recent days, there are many techniques that spammers use to avoid spam-detection such as obfuscation techniques. In this case, the following proposed approach uses email content only to build keyword corpus, together with some text processing to handle obfuscation technique. The algorithm was evaluated using the CSDMC2010 SPAM corpus dataset that contained 4327 emails in the training dataset and 4292 emails in the testing dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has 92.8% accuracy.
Higher Heart Rate May Predispose to Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus: 20-Year Prospective Study in a General Population (2009)

This is one of the first prospective reports demonstrating that higher heart rate may predispose to the development of obesity and DM, suggesting that the sympathetic nerve system may play a role in the development of obesity and DM.
Design and Evaluation on the Mobile Application of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) (2017)

This study aims to design a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation Application (TENS App) according to the suggestions from potential users. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first App including meridian and acupoints for TENS. After its development, there are eight participants recruited for evaluating the usability. Despite two out of eight users reporting that the typical TENS system requires lower cost and has better functionality than TENS App, the results show that almost seventy percent of participants have a better perception of TENS App on price, functionality, convenience, operational ability, and quality. However, participants still reported concerns about the safety issue of adopting TENS App. Therefore, for people who are the first time or unfamiliar with TENS App, instructions from occupational or physical therapists are recommended. We conclude that by using TENS App, users can not only use the portable electrotherapy devices at anyplace, but also reduce their outpatient visits.
Prediction of Binding Constants of α-Cyclodextrin Complexes (1996)

Proceeding from a phenomenological theory of pairwise interactions (solvent-solvent, solvent-solute, and solute-solute), the binding constant K11 (in M-1) for 1:1 complex formation by alpha-cyclodextrin at a substrate binding site, at 25 degrees C in water, is given by log K11 = -1.74 - [Z] + 0.032(-delta A), where [Z] incorporates solvent-solute (solvation) and solute-solute interactions and delta A is the decrease in nonpolar surface area (in A2 molecule-1) on the substrate that is exposed to solvent when the binding site enters the cyclodextrin cavity. delta A is estimated from the structure of the binding site. Three levels of approximation are described for estimating [Z]. At the third (highest) level, the procedure when applied to 569 complex systems generated predicted values of log K11 that agreed within 0.30 unit of the experimental values in 58% of cases, and that agreed within 1.00 unit in 95% of cases.
High-Efficiency GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated With Metallic Hybrid Reflectors (2008)

We report on high-efficiency GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated with metallic hybrid reflectors (MHRs). It is shown that the MHRs consisting of an injection part (with low p-contact resistance and intermediate reflectance) and a spreading part (with high p-contact resistance and good reflectance) can enhance current injection and overall light reflectivity. Compared with reference LEDs with single reflectors, LEDs fabricated with Ag-based MHRs give higher output power by 8.9% and a reduction in forward voltage by 0.02 V (at 20 mA), resulting in the improvement of the power efficiency by 10%.
Low Temperature Phase Equilibria of the Gas-Liquid System Helium-Neon-Nitrogen. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow Temperature Phase Equilibria of the Gas-Liquid System Helium-Neon-Nitrogen.Robert J. BurchCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1964, 9, 1, 19–24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60020a008https://doi.org/10.1021/je60020a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Risk Factors for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Women 40 to 60 Years of Age (2000)

In Brief Objective To determine the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and possible associated risk factors in women 40–60 years old. Methods In a normal population study, 502 women with lower urinary tract symptoms and 742 women with no symptoms (controls) were asked about possible associated factors. Results Four hundred eighty-seven women (97.0%) with symptoms and 564 controls (76.0%) completed the study. Stress incontinence was associated with parity (primipara odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 4.9; para 2 OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.9, 8.0; para 3 OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.1, 9.5), use of diuretics (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2, 3.9), hysterectomy (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.6, 3.7), and increased body mass index (BMI). Urge incontinence was associated with use of diuretics (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.2, 7.1) and BMI. Urgency was associated with parity (primipara OR 1.9, 95% CI 0.9, 4.2; para 2 OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.5, 5.9; para 3 OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5, 6.5), use of diuretics (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5, 4.7) and BMI. Associations between non–incontinence symptoms (except urgency) and observed factors were weak and inconsistent. Straining at stool and constipation were inversely associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. Overall, lesion of sphincter ani, episiotomy, fetal weight, physical activity, and hormonal status had minor association with lower urinary tract symptoms. Conclusion Lower urinary tract symptoms were associated positively with parity, BMI, prior hysterectomy, use of diuretics, straining at stool, and constipation. In women 40–60 years old, lower urinary tract symptoms associate closely with parity, high body mass index, prior hysterectomy, and use of diuretics.
Asymmetric multiple-quantum-well heterostructures: band-gap engineering conception of optoelectronic elements with widened functionality (2003)

Approach of asymmetric multiple-quantum-well heterostructures is one of the basic conceptions in development of solid-state photomultipliers, infrared photodetectors, optical modulators, polarization insensitive light amplifiers, different type coherent sources, including tunable and bistable laser diodes, quantum cascade lasers, and other optoelectronic devices. In the paper, main attention is devoted to the obtained results in the study of dynamic and spectral characteristics of the quantum-well heterostructure lasers with active regions of different widths and compositions. Due to the asymmetric quantum-well heterostructures new possibilities to control spectral, power, and temporal properties of laser diodes and to widen their functionality are opened up. Recent results in the making of quantum cascade lasers, broad-band transmitters, quantum-well infrared photodetectors, and other optoelectronic elements are also mentioned.
Evidence for regulated dimerization of cell-cell adhesion molecule (C-CAM) in epithelial cells (1996)

C-CAM is a Ca(2+)-independent cell adhesion molecule (CAM) belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Addition of chemical cross-linkers to isolated rat liver plasma membranes, intact epithelial cells and purified preparations of C-CAM stabilized one major C-CAM-containing product whose apparent molecular mass was approximately twice that of the C-CAM monomer. The failure to detect additional proteins after cleavage of the cross-linked species demonstrated that C-CAM exists as non-covalently linked dimers both in solution and on the cell surface. Dimerization occurred to the same extent in adherent monolayers and in single cell populations, indicating that dimer formation was the result of cis-interactions within the membranes of individual cells. Using isoform-specific anti-peptide antibodies, both C-CAM1 and C-CAM2 were found to be involved in dimerization, forming predominantly homo-dimeric species. Both calmodulin and Ca2+ ionophore modulated the level of dimer formation, suggesting a role for regulated self-association in the functional activity of C-CAM.
Twisting macromolecular chains: Self-assembly of a chiral supermolecule from nonchiral polythiophene polyanions and random-coil synthetic peptides (2004)

The self-assembly of a negatively charged conjugated polythiophene derivative and a positively charged synthetic peptide will create a chiral, well ordered supermolecule. This supermolecule has the three-dimensional ordered structure of a biomolecule and the electronic properties of a conjugated polymer. The molecular complex being formed clearly affects the conformation of the polymer backbone. A main-chain chirality, such as a predominantly one-handed helical structure induced by the acid-base complexation between the conjugated polymer and the synthetic peptide, is seen. The alteration of the polymer backbone influences the optical properties of the polymer, seen as changes in the absorption, emission, and Raman spectra of the polymer. The complexation of the polythiophene and the synthetic peptide also induce a change from random-coil to helical structure of the synthetic peptide. The supermolecule described in this article may be used in a wide range of applications such as biomolecular devices, artificial enzymes, and biosensors.
Therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia (2011)

ties are found in combination with more than one residual normal metaphase. 11 In the study reported here, MK-AML shows statistically a slightly better survival at two years of follow up when normal metaphases are apparent, although the survival of even those patients remained very poor. 4
Ongoing Innovation in Digital Watermarking (2009)

Watermarking-based applications can help content owners balance business requirements with consumer choice.
Characterizing Social Relations Via NLP-Based Sentiment Analysis (2021)

We investigate and evaluate methods for the characterization of social relations from textual communication context, using e-mail as an example. Social relations are intrinsically characterized by the Cartesian product of weights on various axes (we employ valuation and intensity as examples). The prediction of these characteristics is performed by application of unsupervised learning algorithms on meta-data, communication statistics, and the results of deep linguistic analysis of the message body. Classification of sentiment polarity is chosen as the means of linguistic analysis. We find that prediction accuracy can be improved by introducing limited amounts of additional information.
Dynamic Flow Field for Fuel Cells (2007)

Adequate reactant gas distribution and water management are critical parameters for a fuel cell stack to perform properly and avoid certain failure modes. In this study, an approach is used in which the cathode flow field active area is changed with changing operating conditions. This approach maintains high and stable performance in the fuel cell system without significantly increasing the parasitic load. Such a dynamic flow field is particularly beneficial for applications with a wide range of operating conditions.
Fine-structure mapping and identification of two regulators of capsule synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12 (1988)

Positive and negative regulatory elements involved in the synthesis of colanic acid, the capsular polysaccharide of Escherichia coli K-12, have been identified previously. RcsB, a positive regulator for transcription of the structural genes of colanic acid synthesis (cps), is a protein of about 26 kilodaltons which probably acts as a multimer, rcsC, which maps close to rcsB at 48 min on the E. coli chromosome, exerts a negative effect on expression of the structural genes and codes for a protein of about 100 kilodaltons. The two genes appear to be transcribed in opposite directions, with the C-terminal ends of the genes being less than 0.3 kilobases apart. Multicopy expression of rcsB is lethal in rcsC mutants which carry cps-lac fusions, probably owing to accumulation of intermediates in the capsule synthesis pathway in these cells. Examination of double mutants and cells carrying multicopy rcsB+ plasmids reveal an rcsA-independent pathway for capsule synthesis. We hypothesize that RcsC may act as an environmental sensor, transmitting information to the RcsB positive regulator.
Nucleoprotein vaccine induces cross-protective cytotoxic T lymphocytes against both lineages of influenza B virus (2019)

The rAd-vectored vaccine expressing the NP could be developed as universal influenza B vaccine which provides broader protection.
Bandwidth versus efficiency performance using power combining in GaN HEMT power amplifiers (2013)

Transistors manufacturers are increasing the output power of their devices presently by enlarging the gate width of the transistors. This work discusses the tradeoff between the increased parasitic elements and the additional losses introduced by external power combining on board. Design goal of this work was to develop a 100 W power amplifier with optimum efficiency and maximum bandwidth. The first version is equipped with a single 100 W transistor. A second amplifier is realized using two power combined 50 W devices. The preliminary analysis is based on the theory of Bode and Fano. Using this approach the achievable bandwidth is predicted.
Fast block size prediction for MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC transcoding (2008)

One objective in MPEG-2 to H.264 transcoding is to improve the H.264 compression ratio by using more accurate H.264 motion vectors. Motion re-estimation is by far the most time consuming process in video transcoding, and improving the searching speed is a challenging problem. We introduce a new transcoding scheme that uses the MPEG-2 DCT coefficients to predict the block size partitioning for H.264. Performance evaluations have shown that, for the same rate-distortion performance, our proposed scheme achieves an impressive reduction in the computational complexity of more than 82% compared to the full range motion estimation used by H.264.
Fast, efficient generation of high-quality atomic charges. AM1-BCC model: I. Method (2000)

The AM1-BCC method quickly and efficiently generates high-quality atomic charges for use in condensed-phase simulations. The underlying features of the electron distribution including formal charge and delocalization are first captured by AM1 atomic charges for the individual molecule. Bond charge corrections (BCCs), which have been parameterized against the HF/6-31G* electrostatic potential (ESP) of a training set of compounds containing relevant functional groups, are then added using a formalism identical to the consensus BCI (bond charge increment) approach. As a proof of the concept, we fit BCCs simultaneously to 45 compounds including O-, N-, and S-containing functionalities, aromatics, and heteroaromatics, using only 41 BCC parameters. AM1-BCC yields charge sets of comparable quality to HF/6-31G* ESP-derived charges in a fraction of the time while reducing instabilities in the atomic charges compared to direct ESP-fit methods. We then apply the BCC parameters to a small “test set” consisting of aspirin, d-glucose, and eryodictyol; the AM1-BCC model again provides atomic charges of quality comparable with HF/6-31G* RESP charges, as judged by an increase of only 0.01 to 0.02 atomic units in the root-mean-square (RMS) error in ESP. Based on these encouraging results, we intend to parameterize the AM1-BCC model to provide a consistent charge model for any organic or biological molecule. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 21: 132–146, 2000
Topography aware DFM rule based scoring for silicon yield modeling (2015)

DFM rule based scoring is associated with manufacturability rules checking and applying the scoring to predict the yield entitlement for an IC chip design. Achieving high DFM score is one of the key requirements to get high yield. The DFM scoring methodology is currently limited to DFM recommend rules and their associated failure rates. In contrast to failure mechanism, chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) step topography variations places an important role to it. In this paper, we present an advanced DFM analysis flow to compute DFM score that incorporate topography variation along with recommend rule scoring using complex scoring model to increase silicon yield correlation.
Chambers dictionary of science and technology (2007)

With its unrivalled coverage of scientific and technical terms, Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology has long been an essential reference tool for students, professionals and general readers. This newly revised and updated edition contains more than 50,000 clear and accessible entries on an impressively wide range of subjects.
Single, Repeated, and Maintenance Ketamine Infusions for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019)

Repeated ketamine infusions have cumulative and sustained antidepressant effects. Reductions in depressive symptoms were maintained among responders through once-weekly infusions. These findings provide novel data on efficacious administration strategies for ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Future studies should further expand on optimizing administration to better translate the use of ketamine into clinical settings.
Evaluation of an Automatic Calcium Titrator (1971)

Abstract An automatic calcium titrator for determining total serum calcium concentration has been evaluated. The instrument incorporates a motorized buret, a fluorometer, and a digital readout that is responsive to the quenching of the fluorescent calcium—calcein complex by the chelating agent, ethyleneglycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. Analyses made with the calcium titrator were compared with those made with the SMA 12/60 and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Good correlation was obtained in each instance. Slight hemolysis and bilirubin concentrations near normal did not affect the results; however, increased concentrations of these substances resulted in decreased values. The precision of analysis depends on the technique used in pipetting the sample. A single analysis of 0.1 ml of serum can be completed in 1 to 2 min. With careful analytical technique, precision is good (CV, 0.72%).
Antisense Transcripts With FANTOM2 Clone Set and Their Implications for Gene Regulation (2003)

We have used the FANTOM2 mouse cDNA set (60,770 clones), public mRNA data, and mouse genome sequence data to identify 2481 pairs of sense-antisense transcripts and 899 further pairs of nonantisense bidirectional transcription based upon genomic mapping. The analysis greatly expands the number of known examples of sense-antisense transcript and nonantisense bidirectional transcription pairs in mammals. The FANTOM2 cDNA set appears to contain substantially large numbers of noncoding transcripts suitable for antisense transcript analysis. The average proportion of loci encoding sense-antisense transcript and nonantisense bidirectional transcription pairs on autosomes was 15.1 and 5.4%, respectively. Those on the X chromosome were 6.3 and 4.2%, respectively. Sense-antisense transcript pairs, rather than nonantisense bidirectional transcription pairs, may be less prevalent on the X chromosome, possibly due to X chromosome inactivation. Sense and antisense transcripts tended to be isolated from the same libraries, where nonantisense bidirectional transcription pairs were not apparently coregulated. The existence of large numbers of natural antisense transcripts implies that the regulation of gene expression by antisense transcripts is more common that previously recognized. The viewer showing mapping patterns of sense-antisense transcript pairs and nonantisense bidirectional transcription pairs on the genome and other related statistical data is available on our Web site.
The Stability and Multiplicity of the Monotonic Lagrangian Grid, (1997)

Abstract : The Monotonic Lagrangian Grid (MLG) is a data structure in which nodes are ordered in a monotonic way such that those nodes which are close in physical space also have nearby indices in the data structure arrays. An MLG ordering for a given system of nodes, as defined by the monotonicity constraints, is not unique. For all but the smallest systems, the number of allowed orderings is extremely large with many of the possible MLG's so badly structured that they lead to poor results when used in physical calculations. A well-structured MLG ordering is one that corresponds well to the physical ordering of the system. This paper shows that the majority of the MLG's for a given set of node locations are poorly structured, but that the small fraction which are well-structured tend to be extremely stable against perturbations of the node positions. It is this extreme stability of the well-structured MLG's that is responsible for both the utility of this approach in particle-based simulations and the success of stochastic grid regularization, a technique for restructuring from a poorly structured to a well-structured MLG. The high probability of encountering a well-structured MLG when the node dynamics is complex, even without stochastic grid regularization, is a result of this relative stability.
Enhanced arc-induced core expansion for mode-field adaptation using a H<sub>2</sub>-loaded fiber (2019)

An efficient method to improve the efficiency of mode-field adaptation between two mismatched fibers with arcs and hydrogen-loading is proposed and demonstrated for the first time. By hydrogen-loading the fiber of a relatively smaller core, the dopant diffusion rate and the mode transition region length were significantly increased. These enhancements contributed to an abrupt diffusion rate difference at the intersection of the fibers and an adiabatic mode transition. For the mode-field adaptation of the two fibers that have a mode-field area ratio of 7.25, the transmission loss was reduced from −3.71 to −0.24 dB by an arc duration of approximately 10 seconds.