gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineered Probiotic for the Inhibition of <i>Salmonella</i> via Tetrathionate-Induced Production of Microcin H47 (2017)

Complications arising from antibiotic-resistant bacteria are becoming one of the key issues in modern medicine. Members of drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae spp. include opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Salmonella spp.) that are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Overgrowth of these bacteria is considered a hallmark of intestinal dysbiosis. Microcins (small antimicrobial peptides) produced by some gut commensals can potentially cure these conditions by inhibiting these pathogens and have been proposed as a viable alternative to antibiotic treatment. In this proof-of-concept work, we leverage this idea to develop a genetically engineered prototype probiotic to inhibit Salmonella spp. upon exposure to tetrathionate, a molecule produced in the inflamed gut during the course of Salmonella infection. We developed a plasmid-based system capable of conferring the ability to detect and utilize tetrathionate, while at the same time producing microcin H47. We transferred this plasmid-based system to Escherichia coli and demonstrated the ability of the engineered strain to inhibit growth of Salmonella in anaerobic conditions while in the presence of tetrathionate, with no detectable inhibition in the absence of tetrathionate. In direct competition assays between the engineered E. coli and Salmonella, the engineered E. coli had a considerable increase in fitness advantage in the presence of 1 mM tetrathionate as compared to the absence of tetrathionate. In this work, we have demonstrated the ability to engineer a strain of E. coli capable of using an environmental signal indicative of intestinal inflammation as an inducing molecule, resulting in production of a microcin capable of inhibiting the organism responsible for the inflammation.
Solubility of HFC134a in Lubricants and Its Influence on Tribological Performance (2001)

The influence of dissolved refrigerant HFC134a on tribological performance of lubricants for HFC refrigerants was investigated by measuring the solubility of lubricants, and the viscosity reduction and change in oil film thickness of HFC134a/lubricant mixtures in a reciprocating motion. The wear characteristics of an aluminum alloy for the mixtures were also studied. It was found that HFC134a dissolution was exothermic reaction, and the solubility defined by the saturated concentration of HFC134a in lubricants decreased with an increase in the cohesive energy density of lubricants. The reduction in viscosity was affected not only by HFC134a concentration in the lubricants but also by the mean molecular weight of lubricants. The decrease in oil viscosity by dissolved HFC134a made the wear characteristics worse due to reducing the oil film thickness.
Recent Advances in Yeast Biomass Production (2011)

Biomass -Detection, Production and Usage 202 highlight the key points to be optimised in order to obtain not only high yields, but also the best biomass fermentative efficiency, and we provide future directions in the field.
[Re-evaluation of classification of myelodysplastic syndromes with low percentage bone marrow blasts]. (2009)

According to WHO criteria (2001), RA is the least diagnosis in MDS. The minimal diagnostic criteria for MDS classification of patients not fulfilled the standard criteria of MDS.
Ion projection lithography: International development program (1999)

Ion projection lithography (IPL) has demonstrated not only the resolution required for next-generation lithography (50 nm resolution at &gt;4:1 aspect ratio) [Bruenger et al., Microelectron Eng. 46, 477 (1999)] but also cost advantages with respect to other competing technologies [Gross et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 16, 3150 (1998)]. This article reports on the progress of a worldwide development program, with the target to manufacture a process development tool and create the necessary mask infrastructure to demonstrate that IPL is a viable industrial lithography technology for the future. An overview of papers, reporting on the progress in critical areas, is given and new, experimentally validated, simulations of complementary mask stitching are shown for the first time. Longitudinal and lateral offsets of up to 32 nm for 100 nm critical dimensions are possible with linewidth variations less than 11 nm. Our concept for beta tools, based on a powerful new stitcher strategy, is described. This will lead to a high-throughput tool for manufacturing integrated-circuit generations with minimum feature sizes of 50 nm and, possibly, below.
Inactivated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Pulsed Autologous Fresh Blood Cells as an Immunotherapy Strategy (2008)

Practical immunotherapies for human immunodeficiency virus infection are needed. We evaluated inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) pulsed onto fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 12 pigtail macaques with chronic SIV(mac251) infection for T-cell immunogenicity in a randomized cross-over design study. The immunotherapy was safe and convincingly induced high levels of SIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses (mean, 5.9% +/- 1.3% of all CD4(+) T cells) and to a lesser extent SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses (mean, 0.7% +/- 0.4%). Responses were primarily directed toward Gag and less frequently toward Env but not Pol or regulatory/accessory SIV proteins. T-cell responses against Gag were generally broad and polyfunctional, with a mean of 2.7 CD4(+) T-cell epitopes mapped per animal and more than half of the SIV Gag-specific CD4(+) T cells expressing three or more effector molecules. The immunogenicity was comparable to that found in previous studies of peptide-pulsed blood cells. Despite the high-level immunogenicity, no reduction in viral load was observed in the chronically viremic macaques. This contrasts with our studies of immunization with peptide-pulsed blood cells during early SIV infection in macaques. Future studies of inactivated virus-pulsed blood cell immunotherapy during early infection of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy are warranted.
Fallopian tube obstruction: selective salpingography and recanalization. Work in progress. (1987)

Seven infertile women, in whom interstitial fallopian tube obstruction (IFTO) was suspected at hysterosalpingography and who were recommended for surgical evaluation and treatment, were treated with catheterization techniques. Selective salpingography with ostial injection demonstrated tubal patency in two patients; direct intratubal salpingography demonstrated patency in another patient. Four patients with a true IFTO underwent fallopian tube recanalization: in the first two, a small soft-tipped guide wire was used, and in the other two, a guide wire and 3-F catheter were used. The suggested catheterization techniques have the potential to make evaluation and treatment of IFTO more efficient, safer, and less expensive than presently used methods.
The Frequency of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults with Crohn’s Disease (2003)

Vitamin D-deficient Crohn's disease patients exhibit biochemical evidence of metabolic bone disease, without detectable differences in bone mineral density. Sunlight exposure, nutrition and smoking status were predictors of vitamin D deficiency in this patient cohort.
Phase structure of polyetherpolyol‐4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate‐based reaction injection molded (RIM) polyurethanes (1986)

Abstract A series of polyetherpolyol−4,4/‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate based polyurethanes were prepared by reaction injection molding (RIM). The degree of phase separation and morphology, which govern the mechanical properties, was investigated by X‐ray scattering, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The phase reversion occurred at just a 70 weight percent concentration of the based reagent. The degree of phase separation increased with the molecular weight of polypropyleneglycol and decreased with the ethyleneoxide capping content. Morphology was influenced by injection rates.
Diagnostic performance of on-site CT-derived fractional flow reserve versus CT perfusion (2016)

On-site CT-derived FFR combined with CCTA provides an incremental diagnostic improvement over CCTA alone in identifying haemodynamically significant stenosis defined by invasive FFR, with a diagnostic accuracy comparable with CTP.
The S-probe-a new, cost-effective, 4-gamma method for evaluating multi-stage amplifier stability (2003)

The authors describe a generalized, automated, noninvasive, 4-gamma technique for stability analysis of multistage active circuits. It operates directly in the circuit simulator environment and eliminates all off-line calculations. This technique can be extended to n-port networks and works equally well with circuit models or S-parameter descriptions. Most importantly, it can detect special cases of instability involving active terminations. These are often missed using conventional stability analysis approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of lung inflation on alveolar epithelial solute and water transport properties (1982)

Paired hollow bullfrog lungs (Rana catesbeiana) were used to study the effects of lung inflation on alveolar epithelial transport of water and hydrophilic solutes. Frogs were double pithed and the lungs were removed after bronchial placement of a Lucite plug. Three openings in the plug accommodated the insertion of two agar-Ringer bridges (for electrical potential measurement and passage of direct current) and the injection and removal of alveolar bathing fluid. Ringer solution containing a tracer quantity of radioactive solute was instilled into the lung sacs (5 ml or 50 ml) and the lungs were suspended in baths of Ringer solution containng appropriate cold solutes (5 mM). Permeability properties of each solute (and water) were determined from the rate of radiotracer concentration change in the bath. The spontaneous potential difference, tissue resistance, and solute permeability properties determined in these experiments showed no significant differences between the 5- and 50-ml lungs. Assuming homogeneous, cylindrical water-filled pores to be present in the tissue, the equivalent pore radii estimated from the rates of solute and water fluxes were 1.1 (for 5-ml lungs) and 0.9 nm (for 50-ml lungs). After overinflation of the lung (to greater than 80 ml), experiments at 50 ml yielded a pore radius of 3.4 nm. These data suggest that passive alveolar epithelial transport properties do not change with degrees of lung inflation normally encountered in vivo but that overinflation can lead to increased leakiness of the barrier.
A Taxonomy of Blockchain-Based Systems for Architecture Design (2017)

Blockchain is an emerging technology for decentralised and transactional data sharing across a large network of untrusted participants. It enables new forms of distributed software architectures, where agreement on shared states can be established without trusting a central integration point. A major difficulty for architects designing applications based on blockchain is that the technology has many configurations and variants. Since blockchains are at an early stage, there is little product data or reliable technology evaluation available to compare different blockchains. In this paper, we propose how to classify and compare blockchains and blockchain-based systems to assist with the design and assessment of their impact on software architectures. Our taxonomy captures major architectural characteristics of blockchains and the impact of their principal design decisions. This taxonomy is intended to help with important architectural considerations about the performance and quality attributes of blockchain-based systems.
Congestion control for vehicular safety (2012)

The IEEE 802.11p standard specifies the PHY and MAC layer operations for transmitting and receiving periodic broadcast messages for vehicular safety. Many studies have identified issues with the CSMA based IEEE 802.11p MAC at high densities of devices, mainly reflected by low packet reception rate. In this paper, we make an interesting observation that with increasing density, the IEEE 802.11p MAC tends towards an ALOHA-type behavior where concurrent transmissions by close-by devices are not prevented. This behavior can lead to poor packet reception rate even for vehicles in close neighborhood.
WNT5A Is Regulated by PAX2 and May Be Involved in Blastemal Predominant Wilms Tumorigenesis (2008)

The PAX2 gene encodes a transcription factor expressed during development. In humans, PAX2 mutations cause the renal-coloboma syndrome, whereas homozygous mutations are lethal, causing severe organ malformation, notably in the brain and kidney. Wilms tumor (WT) of the kidney results from a failure in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, a crucial step partly controlled by PAX2. Downstream target genes regulated by PAX2 are still undefined. We therefore hypothesized that identification and characterization of the genes regulated by PAX2 may improve our understanding of developmentally related malignancies including WT. We used nickel agarose chromatin enrichment, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and the human embryonic kidney-derived cell line HEK293 to identify regulatory elements responding to PAX2. Among others, we identified WNT5A as a gene potentially regulated by PAX2. Here, we demonstrate that WNT5A is a direct target of PAX2 in HEK293 cells, using both transactivation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We were unable to find any WNT5A disease-associated mutations after screening a panel of 99 WT samples. However, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in human favorable-histology WT revealed that approximately 66% of the cases expressed significantly less WNT5A than human fetal kidney. Moreover, the WiT9 WT cell line revealed a weak expression of the WNT5A gene. A correlation of decreased WNT5A expression with predominant blastemal histology tumors suggests a possible inhibitory role in WT pathogenesis. This study underlines the importance of PAX2 in the regulation of WNT5A. Further in vivo study is necessary to determine whether the PAX2 and WNT5A are truly involved in WT pathogenesis.
The Direct Interaction of Phospholipase C-γ1 with Phospholipase D2 Is Important for Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling (2003)

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor has an important role in cellular proliferation, and the enzymatic activity of phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma1 is regarded to be critical for EGF-induced mitogenesis. In this study, we report for the first time a phospholipase complex composed of PLC-gamma1 and phospholipase D2 (PLD2). PLC-gamma1 is co-immunoprecipitated with PLD2 in COS-7 cells. The results of in vitro binding analysis and co-immunoprecipitation analysis in COS-7 cells show that the Src homology (SH) 3 domain of PLC-gamma1 binds to the proline-rich motif within the Phox homology (PX) domain of PLD2. The interaction between PLC-gamma1 and PLD2 is EGF stimulation-dependent and potentiates EGF-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) formation and Ca(2+) increase. Mutating Pro-145 and Pro-148 within the PX domain of PLD2 to leucines disrupts the interaction between PLC-gamma1 and PLD2 and fails to potentiate EGF-induced IP(3) formation and Ca(2+) increase. However, neither PLD2 wild type nor PLD2 mutant affects the EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma1. These findings suggest that, upon EGF stimulation, PLC-gamma1 directly interacts with PLD2 and this interaction is important for PLC-gamma1 activity.
Text fingerprint key generation (2012)

Digital content copyright protection is a key concern in the current environment where intellectual property is constantly threatened. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed to provide a holistic structured approach for protecting digital text. The key application of the proposed algorithm is to protect text against alteration and tampering under “Cut & Paste” attacks. This approach provides a promising solution to current digital security challenges, through providing a starting point towards secured sharing and usage of digital content. The paper also examines key protection techniques, their uses and their drawbacks. Some of the key techniques discussed include forms of cryptography, steganography and watermarking.
Real-Time Detection of Kinetic Germination and Heterogeneity of Single <i>Bacillus</i> Spores by Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (2006)

Germination is the process by which a dormant spore returns to its vegetative state when exposed to suitable conditions. We report on the real-time detection of kinetic germination and heterogeneity of single Bacillus thuringiensis spores in an aqueous solution by monitoring the calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA) biomarker with laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS). A single B. thuringiensis spore was optically trapped in a focused laser beam, and its Raman spectra were recorded sequentially in time after exposure to a nutrient-rich medium, so that the CaDPA amount inside the trapped spore was monitored during the dynamic germination process. The CaDPA content in an individual spore was observed to remain almost constant in the first period and then decrease very rapidly due to its release into the medium (within approximately 2 min). The time-to-germination (t(germ)), defined as the time required for the CaDPA band intensity to decrease to the midpoint from its initial value, was found to be stochastic for individual spores with a typical value of approximately 30 min under the experimental conditions. The distribution of the time-to-germination was measured from a time lapse measurement of a population of spores. The results demonstrated that LTRS can be used to noninvasively detect the kinetic germination process at the single-cell level and explore cellular heterogeneity.
Differential Expression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Papillary and Nodular Tumors of the Bladder (1998)

These results suggest that HGF expression may play a significant role in the development of papillary TCC.
Receptors That Regulate T‐Cell Susceptibility to Apoptotic Cell Death (1995)

The immune system provides a useful model system in which to study the signal transduction events involved in the regulation of programmed cell death. Mature lymphocytes have the capacity to survive in the body for prolonged periods of time. During an immune response, cells of the appropriate antigenic specificity must undergo clonal amplification to mount a protective response, and cells participating in inflammatory immune responses need to have the capacity to survive at sites of inflammation. However, upon completion of a successful inflammatory response, the majority of cells produced must die off in order to maintain the homeostasis of the organism. Over the last several years we have learned a great deal about how mature lymphocytes regulated their susceptibility to undergo programmed cell death. Three types of information appear to be used by the lymphocyte to control its susceptibility to undergo programmed cell death. The intrinsic susceptibility of a cell to undergo programmed cell death is determined by members of the Bcl-2 gene family. In addition, extrinsic survival factors, such as IL-2, can initiate signal transduction events that can prevent a cell from initiating apoptosis. Finally, lymphocytes appear to have specific receptors, such as Fas, that can directly induce programmed cell death upon ligand binding. The integration of these three systems is discussed.
Solution-Processed Photosensitive Passivation Layer for an a-Si TFT for LCDs with a Low Dielectric Constant (2012)

A solution-processed photosensitive passivation layer with a low dielectric constant (PPLD) has been developed for an a-Si thin film transistor. The PPLD has three highly important properties: a low leakage current, low water absorption, and high-transparency. In addition to providing passivation, the PPLD doubles as a planarization layer. The photoactive property of the PPLD is convenient for its adaption to LCD manufacturing process. A photoactive compound contained in the PPLD enables the formation of contact holes and patterns via a photolithography process. Meanwhile, the PPLD requires ITO workability and strong adhesion property on metal and glass substrates. Apart from the above features, an a-Si TFT must perform with extremely high reliability if it is to replace the conventional inorganic passivation layer (SiNx: H). This reliability has been achieved by an a-Si TFT and LCD panel coated with the PPLD. A reliability test was conducted under a high-temperature, high-humidity (HH) condition to examine how resistant the electronic characteristics were to change. The PPLD-coated LCD panel display view showed no defects for a test duration of HH200 hours. This high reliability was presumed to be at least partly attributable to the low water absorption rate of the passivation layer and the suppression of the increase of the TFT off-leakage current by the PPLD, a passivation layer designed to be non-polar as possible. Judging from the results of these experiments, this solution-processed passivation layer seems to be a viable substitute for the conventional inorganic passivation layer. For a larger screen LCD and higher drive frequency, the problem of RC delay has been emerged. The low dielectric constant of the PPLD will suppress the RC delay of the signal and realize both a higher pixel and a higher drive frequency.
Characteristics of Tsunami-Affected Areas in Moderate-Resolution Satellite Images (2007)

The massive 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused vast devastation along the coastal areas in countries around the Indian Ocean rim. Satellite images of various spatial resolutions could quickly capture the affected areas and were used for emergency response after the catastrophe occurred. To figure out the extent of affected areas, moderate-resolution satellites (e.g., Terra-ASTER) images are more suitable than high-resolution satellites (e.g., Ikonos) images. Basically, tsunami-affected areas can be observed and detected through land cover changes. Based on the nature of the tsunami attack, we chose the normalized difference vegetation index, soil index, and water index as indicators to help detect changes. This paper first investigates the fluctuations of these indexes and their differences using ASTER images of southern Thailand. The investigation is carried out in two cases: one using only the data acquired after the tsunami, and the other using both data acquired before and after the tsunami. Consequently, the thresholds of index differences are set up for the detection of tsunami-affected areas. In addition, since landform is a significant factor to determine the extent of tsunami runup, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data are employed to perform geomorphological classification and to assess its relationship with the tsunami-affected areas
GTBP, a 160-Kilodalton Protein Essential for Mismatch-binding Activity in Human Cells (1995)

DNA mismatch recognition and binding in human cells has been thought to be mediated by the hMSH2 protein. Here it is shown that the mismatch-binding factor consists of two distinct proteins, the 100-kilodalton hMSH2 and a 160-kilodalton polypeptide, GTBP (for G/T binding protein). Sequence analysis identified GTBP as a new member of the MutS homolog family. Both proteins are required for mismatch-specific binding, a result consistent with the finding that tumor-derived cell lines devoid of either protein are also devoid of mismatch-binding activity.