gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Mining Validation of Fluconazole Breakpoints Established by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (2009)

European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints classify Candida strains with a fluconazole MIC < or = 2 mg/liter as susceptible, those with a fluconazole MIC of 4 mg/liter as representing intermediate susceptibility, and those with a fluconazole MIC > 4 mg/liter as resistant. Machine learning models are supported by complex statistical analyses assessing whether the results have statistical relevance. The aim of this work was to use supervised classification algorithms to analyze the clinical data used to produce EUCAST fluconazole breakpoints. Five supervised classifiers (J48, Correlation and Regression Trees [CART], OneR, Naïve Bayes, and Simple Logistic) were used to analyze two cohorts of patients with oropharyngeal candidosis and candidemia. The target variable was the outcome of the infections, and the predictor variables consisted of values for the MIC or the proportion between the dose administered and the MIC of the isolate (dose/MIC). Statistical power was assessed by determining values for sensitivity and specificity, the false-positive rate, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). CART obtained the best statistical power for a MIC > 4 mg/liter for detecting failures (sensitivity, 87%; false-positive rate, 8%; area under the ROC curve, 0.89; MCC index, 0.80). For dose/MIC determinations, the target was >75, with a sensitivity of 91%, a false-positive rate of 10%, an area under the ROC curve of 0.90, and an MCC index of 0.80. Other classifiers gave similar breakpoints with lower statistical power. EUCAST fluconazole breakpoints have been validated by means of machine learning methods. These computer tools must be incorporated in the process for developing breakpoints to avoid researcher bias, thus enhancing the statistical power of the model.
Automatic age classification with LBP (2008)

Estimating the age exactly and then producing the younger and older images of the person is important in security systems design. In this paper local binary patterns are used to classify the age from facial images. The local binary patterns (LBP) are fundamental properties of local image texture and the occurrence histogram of these patterns is an effective texture feature for face description. In the study we classify the FERET images according to their ages with 10 years intervals. The faces are divided into small regions from which the LBP histograms are extracted and concatenated into a feature vector to be used as an efficient face descriptor. For every new face presented to the system, spatial LBP histograms are produced and used to classify the image into one of the age classes. In the classification phase, minimum distance, nearest neighbor and k-nearest neighbor classifiers are used. The experimental results have shown that system performance is 80% for age estimation.
Characteristics and Performance of Image Sensor Communication (2017)

A complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor can be used for communication, in addition to imaging. This paper investigates noise characteristics and system performance for CMOS image sensor communication. Different signal-dependent and independent noise sources are categorized and comprehensively analyzed in conjunction with sensor measurements. Accordingly, a unified channel model in the pixel-matched case is proposed, and the communication signal-to-noise ratio is defined and demonstrated in different parameter settings. Moreover, the channel capacity with mixed noise and bounded input is derived and is proven to be achievable by a discrete input distribution of finite number of probability mass points. Simulation shows that capacity of more than 7 b/s/Hz per pixel or 8-10 b/s/Hz per block of multiple pixels is achievable.
Exotoxin production by clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa (1977)

Seventy-five consecutive clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were tested for in vitro exotoxin production. Exotoxin was demonstrated in culture filtrates biologically, by its ability to produce characteristic dermonecrotic lesions in guinea pigs, and seriologically, by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) with rabbit antiserum elicited with purified exotoxin. By these two methods, exotoxin was detected in 87 and 89% of P. aeruginosa strains, respectively (r = 0.48, P less than 0.001). Although less sensitive than CIE in detecting exotoxin immunodiffusion demonstrated a reaction of antigenic identity in most cases. Exotoxin was produced by all seven Fisher-Devlin immunotypes and by untypable strains. In contrast, exotoxin was not detected in the culture filtrates of 16 non-aeruginosa pseudomonas isolates and 48 non-pseudomonas organisms. The production of biologically similar antigenically closely related exotoxins is thus a characteristic of the majority of P. aeruginosa strains derived from diverse clinical sources.
NON DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING DECAY IN STANDING TREES (2003)

Summary This paper reviews the different techniques used to investigate whether the trunk of a standing tree is hosting rot or not. The most widespread and efficient techniques may in general be classified under two wide classes depending on the signal used for investigating the tree trunk. The first category includes the vibro-acoustical techniques using either vibrations at frequencies within the acoustical bandwidth or sound waves at acoustical or ultrasonic frequencies. The second class of techniques uses various methods based on electromagnetic radiation. There are furthermore some other techniques which are more or less destructive, and which are also presented in the current work. These techniques are destructive, but to a lesser extend than the well known fully destructive ones inasmuch as only a small sample is extracted from the tree trunk to be submitted to test.
Inhibitory effects of extracellular products from oral bacteria on human fibroblasts and stimulated lymphocytes (1978)

Extracellular products of 12 strains of Streptococcus mutans and 5 additional species of oral bacteria were analyzed for their ability to inhibit proliferation of fibroblastoid cells (HeLa and AV3) and blast transformation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from normal individuals. Products from S. mutans strains AHT and BHT, Streptococcus intermedius, and Actinomyces viscosus inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake by fibroblastoid cells and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Products from S. mutans E49, Streptococcus salivarius, and Actinomyces naeslundii inhibited blast transformation of human lymphocytes but did not significantly inhibit the growth of fibroblastoid cells. Preparations from S. intermedius gave the greatest inhibitory activity against both target cell types; initial characterization of this preparation suggested a single factor active in both assays, in that the heat lability and Sephadex G-200 elution profile were similar for the inhibitory activity seen with the two cell types. The molecular weight of the inhibitor, estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and Ultragel AcA34, was approximately 160,000. The results strongly suggest that oral bacteria produce heat-labile substances that interfere with fibroblast proliferation and alter the lymphocytic immunological response.
Transverse-Mode Instability Mitigation using Photonic-Lantern Adaptive Spatial Mode Control (2017)

We report on mitigating transverse mode instability using a photonic-lantern all-fiber-based adaptive spatial mode control (ASMC) system. We demonstrate control of polarization, phase, and amplitude to combat optical disturbances.
Making Metals Transparent for White Light by Spoof Surface Plasmons (2010)

From first-principles computations we reveal that metallic gratings consisting of narrow slits may become transparent for extremely broad bandwidths under oblique incidence. This phenomenon can be explained by a concrete picture in which the incident wave drives free electrons on the conducting surfaces and part of the slit walls to form spoof surface plasmons (SSPs). The SSPs then propagate on the slit walls but are abruptly discontinued by the bottom edges to form oscillating charges that emit the transmitted wave. This picture explicitly demonstrates the conversion between light and SSPs and indicates clear guidelines for enhancing SSP excitation and propagation. Making structured metals transparent may lead to a variety of applications.
Synthesis of a Hydroxymethylene‐Bridged Galβ(→3)Gal <i>c</i>‐Disaccharide (1992)

Abstract Direct lithiation of the readily available 2‐phenylsulfinyl‐ D ‐galactal 3S furnishes with aldehyde 8 as electrophile in a diastereocontrolled reaction the C ‐disaccharide intermediate 9 . Subsequent removal of the phenylsulfinyl group with Raney nickel and diastereospecific 2b‐hydrogen and 3b‐hydroxy transfer provide the β(1→3)‐connected C ‐disaccharide 11 in high yield. The structure of 11 was deduced from its derivative 12 on the basis of 1 H‐NMR data. Hydrogenolytic O ‐debenzylation gives compound 13 , which is characterized as O ‐acetylated compound 14 .
Convolutional gated recurrent networks for video semantic segmentation in automated driving (2017)

Semantic segmentation is an important visual perception module of automated driving. Most of the progress has been focused on single-frame image segmentation with an optional temporal post-processing. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to utilize the temporal information in the semantic segmentation model using convolutional gated recurrent networks. The main motivation is to design a spatio-temporal network which can leverage motion cues for aiding segmentation and providing temporally consistent results. The proposed algorithm makes use of a fully convolutional network (FCN) that is embedded into a gated recurrent architecture. We use FCN because of its simplicity and ease of extension and the embedding can extend to other architectures. We also chose an FCN model with reasonable computational complexity suitable for real-time applications. Experimental results show consistent accuracy improvements over the baseline FCN in several datasets and it is also visually evident in our test videos shared on YouTube. The accuracy improvements for binary segmentation using F-measure were 5% and 3% in SegTrack2 and Davis respectively and the improvements for semantic segmentation in mean IoU were 5.7% and 1.7% in Synthia and Camvid respectively. To our knowledge, no prior work has been done for CNN based spatio-temporal video segmentation for automated driving and we hope that our results encourage further research in this area.
Accelerating the discovery of materials for clean energy in the era of smart automation (2018)

The discovery and development of novel materials in the field of energy are essential to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy. Bringing recent technological innovations in automation, robotics and computer science together with current approaches in chemistry, materials synthesis and characterization will act as a catalyst for revolutionizing traditional research and development in both industry and academia. This Perspective provides a vision for an integrated artificial intelligence approach towards autonomous materials discovery, which, in our opinion, will emerge within the next 5 to 10 years. The approach we discuss requires the integration of the following tools, which have already seen substantial development to date: high-throughput virtual screening, automated synthesis planning, automated laboratories and machine learning algorithms. In addition to reducing the time to deployment of new materials by an order of magnitude, this integrated approach is expected to lower the cost associated with the initial discovery. Thus, the price of the final products (for example, solar panels, batteries and electric vehicles) will also decrease. This in turn will enable industries and governments to meet more ambitious targets in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions at a faster pace. The discovery and development of advanced materials are imperative for the clean energy sector. We envision that a closed-loop approach, which combines high-throughput computation, artificial intelligence and advanced robotics, will sizeably reduce the time to deployment and the costs associated with materials development.
Mouse Down-regulated in Adenoma (DRA) Is an Intestinal Cl−/HCO3− Exchanger and Is Up-regulated in Colon of Mice Lacking the NHE3 Na+/H+Exchanger (1999)

Mutations in human DRA cause congenital chloride diarrhea, thereby raising the possibility that it functions as a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger. To test this hypothesis we cloned a cDNA encoding mouse DRA (mDRA) and analyzed its activity in cultured mammalian cells. When expressed in HEK 293 cells, mDRA conferred Na(+)-independent, electroneutral Cl(-)/CHO(3)(-) exchange activity. Removal of extracellular Cl(-) from medium containing HCO(3)(-) caused a rapid intracellular alkalinization, whereas the intracellular pH increase following Cl(-) removal from HCO(3)(-)-free medium was reduced greater than 7-fold. The intracellular alkalinization in Cl(-)-free, HCO(3)(-)-containing medium was unaffected by removal of extracellular Na(+) or by depolarization of the membrane by addition of 75 mM K(+) to the medium. Like human DRA mRNA, mDRA transcripts were expressed at high levels in cecum and colon and at lower levels in small intestine. The expression of mDRA mRNA was modestly up-regulated in the colon of mice lacking the NHE3 Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. These results show that DRA is a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger and suggest that it normally acts in concert with NHE3 to absorb NaCl and that in NHE3-deficient mice its activity is coupled with those of the sharply up-regulated colonic H(+),K(+)-ATPase and epithelial Na(+) channel to mediate electrolyte and fluid absorption.
GaAs FET Applications for Injection-Locked Oscillators and Self-Oscillating Mixers (2005)

Injection-locked oscillators (ILOs) using GaAs FETs are described experimentally and theoretically. Wider locking range was obtained with transmission-type ILOs than with reflection-type. Functioning as a self-oscillating mixer, the circuit showed 9.5 dB (DSB) noise figure.
Fabry-Pérot Cavity Formed with Dielectric Metasurfaces in a Hollow-Core Fiber (2017)

We demonstrate a fiber-integrated Fabry-Pérot cavity formed by attaching a pair of dielectric metasurfaces to the ends of a hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber segment. The metasurfaces consist of perforated membranes designed as photonic-crystal slabs that act as planar mirrors but can potentially allow injection of gases through their holes into the hollow core of the fiber. We have so far observed cavities with finesse of ∼11 and Q factors of ∼4.5 × 105, but much higher values should be achievable with improved fabrication procedures. We expect this device to enable development of new fiber lasers, enhanced gas spectroscopy, and studies of fundamental light–matter interactions and nonlinear optics.
Immunologic response to Pasteurella haemolytica and resistance against experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, induced by bacterins in oil adjuvants. (1987)

Immunogenicity of and protection afforded by Pasteurella haemolytica bacterins were studied in calves. Bacterins contained an aluminum hydroxide in gel (ALH) adjuvant or one of the following oil-in-water adjuvants: Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), and trehalose dimycolate (TDM). On days 0 and 7, calves were vaccinated with phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBSS), a bacterin, or live P haemolytica. Transthoracic intrapulmonic challenge exposure was done on day 21. In 3 experiments, there were no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences between lung lesions induced in PBSS-or ALH bacterin-vaccinated calves. Both FCA and FIA bacterins significantly (P less than 0.05) enhanced resistance against challenge exposure. Resistance induced by FCA and FIA bacterins was comparable with that induced by vaccination with live P haemolytica. Calves vaccinated with FIA bacterin and challenge-exposed to P haemolytica at a concentration of 4.5 X 10(9) colony-forming units (4.5 times greater than used in the first 3 experiments) resisted challenge exposure similar to calves given live organisms. The TDM bacterin failed to enhance resistance. All bacterins caused a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in serum antibody to P haemolytica somatic antigens, as measured by a quantitative fluorometric immunoassay. Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin neutralizing antibody titers did not increase significantly (P greater than 0.05) in sera after vaccination with any bacterin. Vaccination with FCA and FIA bacterins resulted in a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in serum antibody to a carbohydrate-protein subunit of P haemolytica, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identification of nuclear localization signal that governs nuclear import of BRD7 and its essential roles in inhibiting cell cycle progression (2006)

BRD7, a novel bromodomain gene, is identified to be associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Decreased or loss of expression of BRD7 was detected in NPC biopsies and cell lines. Overexpression of BRD7 could inhibit NPC cell growth and arrest cells in cell cycle by transcriptionally regulating some important molecules involved in ras/MEK/ERK and Rb/E2F pathway, and downregulate the promoter activity of E2F3. In the present study, the subcellular localization of BRD7 was investigated. It was found that BRD7 was mainly localized in nucleus without distinct cell-specific difference between COS7 and HNE1. Furthermore, a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence ranging from amino acid 65 to 96 was identified and characterized. The NLS is composed of a cluster of four bipartite nuclear targeting sequences, which are tightly linked and extremely overlapped. We found that whether the entire NLS or the four bipartite nuclear targeting sequences could respectively determine the nuclear import of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The most important is that NLS-deleted BRD7 shifted the nuclear localization to be mostly in cytoplasm, and failed or reduced to negatively regulate the expression of cell cycle related molecules, cyclin D1 and E2F3, and cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. In conclusion, NLS is an essential motif affecting BRD7 nuclear distribution, and the nuclear localization of BRD7 is critical for the expression of cell cycle related molecules and cell biological function.
On bistable behavior and open-base breakdown of bipolar transistors in the avalanche regime-modeling and applications (1992)

In the presence of carrier multiplication in the base collector diode the I/sub c/(I/sub b/, V/sub ce/) characteristics of bipolar transistors show a bistable region of operation. This phenomenon is investigated experimentally and theoretically with the help of the extended Gummel/Poon model. Analysis of the output characteristics yields two breakdown voltages which mark the boundaries of the bistable regime on the V/sub ec/ axis. A generalization of Miller's formula is used to model the decrease of the multiplication factor with increasing transfer current, required for proper description of the input characteristics in the bistable regime. The input characteristics in the bistable regime are used for a discussion of a special BiCMOS SRAM cell that only employs two devices. Formulas for LO and HI level, as well as the switching point, are derived and used for a discussion of power dissipation, area requirements, and noise immunity of the cell.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
교육복지투자우선지역 지원사업 내 유치원 어머니 대상의 STEP프로그램 효과 검증 (2010)

본 연구는 체계적인 부모교육 훈련프로그램(STEP)을 통해 부모교육의 효율성을 검증하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구대상은 교육복지투자우선지역사업 내의 병설유치원에 자녀가 재원중인 12명의 어머니들었다. 본 프로그램은 원래 9회기 프로그램이었으나 어머니들의 참여율을 높이기 위하여 6회기의 회기당 2-3시간의 프로그램으로 회기를 줄여 실시하였다. 프로그램의 효과검증을 위해 부모-자녀 의사소통유형척도, 자아존중감척도, 삶의 만족도척도와 심리적 안녕감척도의 사전검사와 사후검사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS PS 프로그램(17.0)을 이용하여 평균과 표준편차를 산출하여 대응표본 t 검증을 실시하였다. 산출된 결과는 첫째, 부모-자녀 간의 개방적 의사소통, 삶의 만족도와 심리적 안녕감의 대인간 관계와 자아수용에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고, 사전검사 점수와 비교하여 사후검사에서 개방적 의사소통, 삶의 만족도와 가족환경의 통제 및 자아수용 점수가 향상되었다.
Reconnaisance de gestes dynamiques de la main - De la création de descripteurs aux récentes méthodes d’apprentissage profond (2017)

Hand gestures are the most natural and intuitive non-verbal communica- tion medium while using a computer, and related research efforts have recently boosted interest. Additionally, data provided by current com- mercial inexpensive depth cameras can be exploited in various gesture recognition based systems. The area of hand gesture analysis covers hand pose estimation and gesture recognition. Hand pose estimation is con- sidered to be more challenging than other human part estimation due to the small size of the hand, its greater complexity and its important self occlusions. Beside, the development of a precise hand gesture recognition system is also challenging due to high dissimilarities between gestures derived from ad-hoc, cultural and/or individual factors of users. First, we propose an original framework to represent hand gestures by using hand shape and motion descriptors computed on 3D hand skeletal fea- tures. We use a temporal pyramid to model the dynamic of gestures and a linear SVM to perform the classification. Additionally, we create the Dynamic Hand Gesture dataset containing 2800 sequences of 14 gesture types. Evaluation results show the promising way of using hand skele- tal data to perform hand gesture recognition. Experiments are carried out on three hand gesture datasets, containing a set of fine and coarse heterogeneous gestures. Furthermore, results of our approach in terms of latency demonstrated improvements for a low-latency hand gesture recog- nition systems, where an early classification is needed. Then, we extend the study of hand gesture analysis to online recognition. Using a deep learning approach, we employ a transfer learning strategy to learn hand posture and shape features from depth image dataset originally created for hand pose estimation. Second, we model the temporal variations of the hand poses and its shapes using a recurrent deep learning technology. Finally, both information are merged to perform accurate prior detection and recognition of hand gestures. Experiments on two datasets demon- strate that the proposed approach is capable to detect an occurring gesture and to recognize its type far before its end.
Better Cycling Performances of Bulk Sb in Na-Ion Batteries Compared to Li-Ion Systems: An Unexpected Electrochemical Mechanism (2012)

Pure micrometric antimony can be successfully used as negative electrode material in Na-ion batteries, sustaining a capacity close to 600 mAh g(-1) at a high rate with a Coulombic efficiency of 99 over 160 cycles, an extremely high capacity compared to any other compound tested against both Li and Na. The reaction mechanism with Na does not simply go through the alloying mechanism observed for Li where the intermediate species are those expected from the phase diagram. In the case of Na, the intermediate phases are mostly amorphous and could not be precisely identified. Surprisingly, we evidenced that a competition takes place at the end of the discharge of the Sb/Na cell between the formation of the hexagonal and the cubic polymorphs of Na(3)Sb, the last being described in the literature as unstable at atmospheric pressure and only synthesized under high pressure (1-9 GPa). In addition, fluoroethylene carbonate added to the electrolyte combined with an appropriate electrode formulation based on carboxymethyl cellulose, carbon black, and vapor ground carbon fibers seems to be determinant in the excellent performances of this material.