gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression-Based Genome-Wide Association Study Links Vitamin D–Binding Protein With Autoantigenicity in Type 1 Diabetes (2016)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by autoreactive T cells that recognize pancreatic islet antigens and destroy insulin-producing β-cells. This attack results from a breakdown in tolerance for self-antigens, which is controlled by ectopic antigen expression in the thymus and pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs). The autoantigens known to be involved include a set of islet proteins, such as insulin, GAD65, IA-2, and ZnT8. In an attempt to identify additional antigenic proteins, we performed an expression-based genome-wide association study using microarray data from 118 arrays of the thymus and PLNs of T1D mice. We ranked all 16,089 protein-coding genes by the likelihood of finding repeated differential expression and the degree of tissue specificity for pancreatic islets. The top autoantigen candidate was vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP). T-cell proliferation assays showed stronger T-cell reactivity to VDBP compared with control stimulations. Higher levels and frequencies of serum anti-VDBP autoantibodies (VDBP-Abs) were identified in patients with T1D (n = 331) than in healthy control subjects (n = 77). Serum vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with VDBP-Ab levels in patients in whom T1D developed during the winter. Immunohistochemical localization revealed that VDBP was specifically expressed in α-cells of pancreatic islets. We propose that VDBP could be an autoantigen in T1D.
SOYBEAN FACTORS RELATING TO GAS PRODUCTION BY INTESTINAL BACTERIA (1970)

SUMMARY An in vitro assay showed that toasted, dehulled, defatted soybean meal contains a gas‐producing factor and a gas‐inhibiting factor. The oligosaccharides—sucrose, raffinose and stachyose—are associated with the gas‐producing factor when incubated in thioglycollate media with anaerobic bacteria of the intestinal tract of dogs. The phenolic acids in soybeans—syringic and ferulic acid—are effective gas inhibitors in vitro and in intestinal segments of dogs. The lipids, proteins and water‐insoluble polysaccharides of soybean meal have no gas activity. During fermentation, gas production parallels the formation of monosaccharides by enzymatic hydrolysis of raffinose and stachyose. The amount and composition of gas produced from cottonseed and peanut meal were comparable to soybean meal.
Identification of staphylococcal and streptococcal causes of bovine mastitis using 16S-23S rRNA spacer regions (1997)

Bovine mastitis is caused mainly by certain Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. The sequences of the 16S-23S rRNA spacer regions were determined for the nine species which cause mastitis: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus xylosus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis. Significant variation was found between the spacer sequences of different species with the lengths of the spacers varying from 240 to 461 bp. Between genera the spacers shared only short conserved regions (8-9 bp) and within genera the sequence identities varied from 53 to 85%. This variation made it possible to construct specific primer pairs for these species and genera. The specificities of these primers were tested with 25 bacterial species and 51 isolates from cattle with clinical mastitis. The DNA-based identification of the mastitis species was mostly successful.
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of the Homologous Series of 4-Alkyl or Alkoxy-4′-Bromo or Cyanotolanes (1980)

Abstract A homologous series of 4-alkyl or alkoxy-4′-bromo or cyanotolanes in which the alkyl group is C4 → C10 and the alkoxy group is C1 → C12, has been prepared. Interphase transitions between solid, mesomorphic and isotropic phases were studied by hot stage microscopy and differential scanning calorimeter. The bromo compounds have a smectic polymorphism. Three pure products of cyano derivatives with the chains C9H19O, C10H21O and C10H21 present an enantiotropic or monotropic reentrant nematic phase at atmospheric pressure. The reentrant phenomenon itself will be discussed as well as the absence of correlation between TNA/TNI McMillan parameter and the heat of transition. A plot of the nematic isotropic transition temperatures against the number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy chain shows the usual odd even effect.
Styrylbenzoxazole Derivatives for<i>In Vivo</i>Imaging of Amyloid Plaques in the Brain (2004)

Progressive deposition of senile plaques (SPs) is one of the major neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that precedes cognitive decline. Noninvasive detection of SPs could, therefore, be a potential diagnostic test for early detection of AD patients. For imaging SPs in the living brain, we have developed a series of styrylbenzoxazole derivatives that achieve high binding affinity for amyloid-beta (Abeta) fibrils. One of these compounds, 6-(2-Fluoroethoxy)-2-[2-(4-methylaminophenil) ethenyl]benzoxazole (BF-168), selectively binds SPs in AD brain sections and recognizes Abeta1-42-positive diffuse plaques as well as neuritic plaques in AD brain sections. Intravenous injection of BF-168 in PS1/APP and APP23 transgenic mice resulted in specific in vivo labeling to both compact and diffuse amyloid deposits in the brain. In addition, (18)F-radiolabeled BF-168 demonstrated abundant initial brain uptake (3.9% injected dose/gm at 2 min after injection) and fast clearance (t(1/2) = 24.7 min) after intravenous administration in normal mice. Furthermore, autoradiograms of brain sections from APP23 transgenic mice at 180 min after intravenous injection of [(18)F]BF-168 showed selective labeling of brain amyloid deposits with little nonspecific binding. These findings strongly suggest that styrylbenzoxazole derivatives are promising candidate probes for positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging for early detection of amyloid plaque formation.
Nucleophilic addition versus metalation of 4- and 2-methylpyridine studied by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1985)

Interaction of 4-methylpyridine with n-butyl-lithium in THF affords a 67:33 mixture of the 1,2-nucleo-philic addition product and the laterally metalated derivative of the heterocycle, respectively, as shown by 13C and 15N n.m.r. spectroscopy. While mixtures were also obtained from 4-methylpyridine and methyl- or t-butyl-lithium. only metalation was realized with the lithium salts of di-isopropylamine and 2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine. A regular trend was noted with other 4-alkylpyridines and n-butyl-lithium culminating in exclusive 1,2-addition on 4-n-butylpyridine. The 13C n.m.r. spectrum from 2-methyl-pyridine and n-butyl-lithium also showed the presence of both addition and metalation derivatives; however, the former material was present only to the extent of 3%.
Syntheses of C-amino- and C-azido-1,2,4-triazoles (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of C-amino- and C-azido-1,2,4-triazolesBruce T. Heitke and C. Gordon McCartyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 11, 1522–1526Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00924a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00924a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views494Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electricity storage for intermittent renewable sources (2012)

With sufficient electricity storage capacity, any power production profile may be mapped onto any desired supply profile. We present a framework to determine the required storage power as a function of time for any power production profile, supply profile, and targeted system efficiency, given the loss characteristics of the storage system. We apply the framework to the electrochemical storage of intermittent renewable power, employing a simplifying linear response approximation that permits the entire efficiency behavior of the system to be described by a single scalar figure of merit—the discharge power capacity. We consider three exemplary grid supply scenarios: constant, grid-minus-baseload, and square wave; and two different production scenarios: wind with a capacity factor 32.5%, and solar photovoltaic (PV) with a capacity factor of 14%. For each of these six combinations of scenarios, the storage energy and discharge power capacity requirements are found for a range of system efficiencies. Significantly diminishing efficiency returns are found on increasing the discharge power capacity. Solid-electrode batteries are shown to have two orders of magnitude too little energy to power ratio to be well suited to the storage of intermittent renewable power.
Templating Mesoporous Silica with Chiral Block Copolymers and Its Application for Enantioselective Separation (2007)

In this paper we describe the synthesis of chiral mesoporous silica based on chiral block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) and of d-phenylalanine (PEO-b-D-Phe) as a surfactant template. The resulting porous structures are characterized by nitrogen sorption experiments, transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle XRD. It is shown that chiral block copolymers of PEO-b-D-Phe are effective as a surfactant template for the preparation of silica materials with highly ordered periodic mesoporous structures of hexagonal symmetry with a pore size of ca. 5 nm and high surface areas of ca. 700 m2/g. The enantioselectivity feature of this porous silica, after the extraction of the chiral copolymers, was examined by selective adsorption of enantiomers and racemic solutions of valine. The selective adsorption was measured by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. A chiral selectivity factor of 2.34 was found with the D enantiomer of valine adsorbed preferably.
Potential Antiradiation Drugs. II.<sup>1</sup> 2-Amino-1-alkanethiols, 1-Amino-2-alkanethiols, 2-Thiazolines, and 2-Thiazoline-2-thiols<sup>2</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Antiradiation Drugs. II.1 2-Amino-1-alkanethiols, 1-Amino-2-alkanethiols, 2-Thiazolines, and 2-Thiazoline-2-thiols2G. Richard Handrick, Edward R. Atkinson, Felix E. Granchelli, and Robert J. BruniCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 6, 762–766Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00330a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00330a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemistry of the sulfur-nitrogen bond. 12. Metal-assisted synthesis of sulfenamide derivatives from aliphatic and aromatic disulfides (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of the sulfur-nitrogen bond. 12. Metal-assisted synthesis of sulfenamide derivatives from aliphatic and aromatic disulfidesFranklin A. Davis, Arthur J. Friedman, Edward W. Kluger, Edward B. Skibo, E. Robert Fretz, Anthony P. Milicia, William C. LeMasters, Michael D. Bentley, John A. Lacadie, and Irwin B. DouglassCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 6, 967–972Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00426a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1462Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (682 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A comprehensive analysis of the Greek key motifs in protein ?-barrels and ?-sandwiches (2000)

The Greek key motifs are the topological signature of many beta-barrels and a majority of beta-sandwich structures. An updated survey of these structures integrates many early observations and newly emerging patterns and provides a better understanding of the unique role of Greek keys in protein structures. A stereotypical Greek key beta-barrel accommodates five or six strands and can have 12 possible topologies. All except one six-stranded topologies have been observed, and only one five-stranded topologies have been seen in actual structures. Of the representative beta-barrel structures analyzed here, half have left-handed Greek keys. This result challenges the empirical claim of the handedness regularity of Greek keys in beta-barrels. One of the five-stranded topologies that has not been observed in beta-barrels comprises two overlapping Greek keys. The two three-dimensional forms of this topology constitute a structural unit that is present in a vast majority of known beta-sandwich structures. Using this unit as the root, we have built a new taxonomy tree for the beta-sandwich folds and deduced a set of rules that appear to constrain how other beta-strands adjoin the unit to form a larger double-layered structure. These rules, though derived from a larger data set, are essentially the same as those drawn from earlier studies, suggesting that they may reflect the true topological constraints in the design of beta-sandwich structures. Finally, a novel variant of the Greek key motif (defined here as the twisted Greek key) has emerged which introduces loop crossings into the folded structures. Proteins 2000;40:409-419.
B006 Coherent Imaging Algorithm of Super-Resolution Optical Inspection with Structured Light Shift (2013)

Microfabricated structures continuing to shrink with development of nano-technology, an inspection technology which can be applied to sub-micrometer features is getting important. A super-resolution inspection method beyond the diffraction limit using the structured light shifts is one of the potential inspection techniques. In this article, in order to expand the application of this optical super-resolution inspection method to coherent imaging condition, a novel coherent imaging algorithm based on the special three-light-flux standing wave structured light was proposed. Numerical simulation analyses confirm that proposed method can be applied to coherent imaging condition such as general microstructured surface.
Astrobee: Space Station Robotic Free Flyer (2016)

Astrobee is a free flying robot that will fly inside the International Space Station and primarily serve as a research platform for robotics in zero gravity. Astrobee will also provide mobile camera views to ISS flight and payload controllers, and collect various sensor data within the ISS environment for the ISS Program. Astrobee consists of two free flying robots, a dock, and ground data system. This presentation provides an overview, high level design description, and project status.
Keratinocyte-melanocyte co-cultures and pigmented reconstructed human epidermis: models to study modulation of melanogenesis. (1999)

Normal human melanocytes were amplified and cultured in a new defined culture medium without phorbol esters or cholera toxin. The medium decreased considerably the doubling time and increased the possible passage number. Melanocytes were co-seeded with normal human keratinocytes into 24 well culture dishes to screen potentially active modulators of melanogenesis. For the assay, the co-cultures were exposed to the compounds under investigation in the presence of 14C-thiouracil and 3H-leucine. Control cultures contain L-tyrosine or kojic acid, modulators which served as internal calibration standards. Changes in the rate of melanin synthesis were measured on the basis of 14C-thiouracil incorporation into newly synthesized melanin. A reduction or increase in 3H-leucine incorporation was taken as an indication of cytotoxicity or induction of proliferation, respectively. The NHK-NHM co-culture screening assay provides a useful tool to compare the activity of known modulators of melanogenesis and to perform structure-activity studies with newly identified modulators to improve their activity. The efficacy of particularly interesting new compounds was further evaluated on reconstructed pigmented epidermis after repeated topical application. The same model was used to assess the anti-pigmenting effect of sunscreens on UV-induced pigmentation. Integration of melanocytes from different ethnic origin resulted in pigmented epidermis reflecting different skin phenotypes, Caucasian, Asian and African.
Destructible Toys as Enrichment for Captive Chimpanzees (1998)

The use of destructible objects or toys as enrichment for nonhuman primates has had promising results in terms of increased use and positive behavioral effect. The purpose of this project was to determine the use and durability of a number of inexpensive, destructible toys provided one at a time or several at once. Nine singly caged chimpanzees were provided with 8 different toys made of plastic, vinyl, or cloth, and the frequency of use of the toys was determined during 15 min trials 2 times per day. A toy was removed when it was destroyed or when it was not contacted during 4 trials. The chimpanzees contacted the toys an average of 11 times per trial, and the use of the individual toys was significantly higher when provided 1 at a time rather than all at once. Use of the toys was fairly stable over time, and the toys remained in the cages an average of 3.2 days. The durability of the toys was related to the type of toy (e.g., more flexible cloth and vinyl toys lasted longer than rigid plastic toys). The destructible toys were used significantly more often than other permanent cage toys or televisions. Toy use was not related to age, level of abnormal behavior, or use of existing permanent toys or television. The implications of the results were related to the management of an environmental enrichment program and indicated that the provision of flexible, inexpensive toys 1 at a time can be an effective method of enrichment for captive chimpanzees.
Classifying emotions in speech: a comparison of methods (2001)

A number of recent studies have attempted classification of emotional speech using various methods. In this paper we compare the performance of two algorithms: a classification algorithm based on euclidean distances, and a classification algorithm based on the use of neural networks. Both perform the classification using an identical feature set, on a database of emotional speech which has been validated through subjective listening tests.
Non-radiation Induced Signals in TL Dosimetry (2002)

One source of background signals, which are non-radiation related, is the reader system and it includes dark current, external contaminants and electronic spikes. These factors can induce signals equivalent to several hundredths of mSv. Mostly, the effects are minimised by proper design of the TLD reader, but some effects are dependent on proper operation of the system. The other main group of background signals originates in the TL crystal and is due to tribothermoluminescence, dirt, chemical reactions and stimulation by visible or UV light. These factors can have a significant contribution, equivalent to over several mSv, depending on whether the crystal is bare or protected by PTFE. Working in clean environments, monitoring continuously the glow curves and performing glow curve deconvolution are suggested to minimise non-radiation induced spurious signals.
The Rb gene and the negative regulation of cell growth (1989)

In recent years, several lines of evidence have converged to support the idea that loss of genetic information is a critical step in the pathogenesis of many types of tumors. In the case of retinoblastoma, this karyotypic abnormality suggested the loss of a hypothetical gene, termed Rb, associated with the 13q 14 chromosomal band. A series of indirect but elegant genetic analyses made it clear that this allele is also lost during the formation of a retinoblastoma. Taken together, this body of work strongly suggested that both copies of the 13q14-associated Rb gene need be lost or inactivated in order to trigger tumorigenesis
Detection of Bleeding Events in Electronic Health Record Notes Using Convolutional Neural Network Models Enhanced With Recurrent Neural Network Autoencoders: Deep Learning Approach (2018)

By incorporating a supervised CNN model and a pretrained unsupervised BiLSTM autoencoder, the HCLA achieved high performance in detecting bleeding events.