gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maleic Anhydride, Maleic Acid, and Fumaric Acid (2000)

Abstract Scientific and technological developments in the manufacture and use of maleic anhydride, maleic acid, and fumaric acid are reviewed since 1980. Physical and chemical properties for these three chemicals are updated with literature citations when available. Key derivatives are summarized including acid chlorides and reaction products of these chemicals formed from acylation, alkylation, amidation, coordination to metal atoms, cycloaddition, decomposition, electrophilic addition, esterification, free‐radical reactions, Grignard‐type reactions, halogenation, hydration, hydroformylation, isomerization, nucleophilic addition, oxidation, polymerization, reduction, and sulfonation. Manufacturing processes for maleic anhydride are described including those using fixed‐bed, fluidized‐bed, and transport‐bed technologies for selective oxidation of butane. A survey is given of catalyst developments since about 1980. Regardless of the reactor type used, all catalysts producing maleic anhydride from butane consist of a vanadyl pyrophosphate phase, (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 . Details are presented on maleic anhydride and its two diacid isomers with respect to distribution, economic aspects, specifications, analytical and test methods, toxicology, and principal uses.
Modulation of Smooth Muscle Gene Expression by Association of Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases with Myocardin (2004)

Differentiation of smooth muscle cells is accompanied by the transcriptional activation of an array of muscle-specific genes controlled by serum response factor (SRF). Myocardin is a cardiac and smooth muscle-specific expressed transcriptional coactivator of SRF and is sufficient and necessary for smooth muscle gene expression. Here, we show that myocardin induces the acetylation of nucleosomal histones surrounding SRF-binding sites in the control regions of smooth muscle genes. The promyogenic activity of myocardin is enhanced by p300, a histone acetyltransferase that associates with the transcription activation domain of myocardin. Conversely, class II histone deacetylases interact with a domain of myocardin distinct from the p300-binding domain and suppress smooth muscle gene activation by myocardin. These findings point to myocardin as a nexus for positive and negative regulation of smooth muscle gene expression by changes in chromatin acetylation.
Development of a grid computing platform for electric power system applications (2006)

This paper describes a platform developed for the application of grid computing in electric power system. Two applications are implemented. One is the distributed monitoring and control implemented by using virtual database technology. Another is the distributed parallel computing of power system. This paper describes the whole infrastructure of the system. All the computing devices in the electric power system can be wrapped into integrity to realize distributed monitoring and control to provide support for the operation and control of electric power system. While the computers of high performance and tightly interconnected are organized by resource pooling to form a computing pool, to facilitate the distributed parallel computation. The paper first discusses the visualization of the resource, and the application of virtual database technology to realize the distributed data access and control. Then the structure for realizing the distributed parallel computing, especially the computing pool, resource and task scheduling, solution of differential algebraic equation and graph partition, is described. Finally the test benches built at laboratory are described and the test results are presented. The test results shows that the developed platform can provide comparable performance to other solutions such as MPI, and can be further improved.
Recyclability of Flexible Thermoplastic Polyurethane/ABS Automotive Bumper Fascia (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A family of thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) blends is being developed to compete in the flexible automotive bumper fascia market. Features of these blends include paintability without adhesion promoter or primer, ease of processing, outstanding low temperature impact strength, good mar resistance, and excellent property retention upon recycling. Laboratory and application performance data indicate that painted TPU/ABS Blend XT2100 regrind can be incorporated up to a 25% level into flexible thermoplastic fascia without sacrificing impact resistance.</div>
Inferring social relationships from mobile sensor data (2014)

While mobile sensors are ubiquitous nowadays, the geographical activities of human beings are feasible to be collected and the geo-spatial interactions between people can be derived. As we know there is an underlying social network between mobile users, such social relationships are hidden and hold by service providers. Acquiring the social network over mobile users would enable lots of applications, such as friend recommendation and energy-saving mobile DB management. In this paper, we propose to infer the social relationships using the sensor data, which contains the encounter records between individuals, without any knowledge about the real friendships in prior. We propose a two-phase prediction method for the social inference. Experiments conducted on the CRAWDAD data demonstrate the encouraging results with satisfying prediction scores of precision and recall.
Categories of digital investigation analysis techniques based on the computer history model (2006)

Several digital forensic frameworks have been proposed, yet no conclusions have been reached about which are more appropriate. This is partly because each framework may work well for different types of investigations, but it hasn't been shown if any are sufficient for all types of investigations. To address this problem, this work uses a model based on the history of a computer to define categories and classes of analysis techniques. The model is more lower-level than existing frameworks and the categories and classes of analysis techniques that are defined support the existing higher-level frameworks. Therefore, they can be used to more clearly compare the frameworks. Proofs can be given to show the completeness of the analysis techniques and therefore the completeness of the frameworks can also be addressed.
DIRECTED FORMATION OF DELETIONS AND DUPLICATIONS USING Mu<i>d</i>(Ap, <i>lac</i>) (1985)

A genetic procedure is directed for the isolation of chromosomal deletions and duplications with predetermined endpoints. These rearrangements are generated in transduction crosses using a mixture of P22-transducing phage lysates grown on two strains, each carrying a Mud-lac insertion. The formation of duplications and deletions was demonstrated in the his operon using insertions of Mud 1-8 (a transposition-defective Mud-lac phage). This technique was also used to make larger chromosomal duplications between Mud 1-8 insertions in the thr and leu biosynthetic operons and between Mud insertions in the thr and pyrB operons. Genetic evidence is presented that strongly suggests that inheritance of a single Mud prophage by P22-mediated crosses requires two transduced fragments; each carrying part of the Mud prophage. The two fragments must be involved in three recombinational exchanges; one exchange joins the donor Mud fragments and two exchanges occur between the composite fragment and the recipient chromosome, one on either side of the complete donor Mud element. Since duplications only occur between Mud insertions in the same orientation on the chromosome, the method of duplication formation provides a simple means of determining the orientation of Mud 1-8 on the chromosome and, therefore, the direction of transcription of the gene into which Mud is inserted. This method was also used to construct recombinants between a Mud 1-8 prophage and Casadaban's protein fusion vector Mud2 and, thereby, isolate Mud2-8, a Mud derivative containing the protein fusion ability of Mud2 and the defective transposition functions of Mud1-8.
Biochemical evidence of the interactions of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) with adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT): potential implications linking proteolysis with energy metabolism in cancer cells (2009)

Invasion-promoting MT1-MMP (membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase) is a key element in cell migration processes. To identify the proteins that interact and therefore co-precipitate with this proteinase from cancer cells, we used the proteolytically active WT (wild-type), the catalytically inert E240A and the C-end truncated (tailless; DeltaCT) MT1-MMP-FLAG constructs as baits. The identity of the pulled-down proteins was determined by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem MS) and then confirmed by Western blotting using specific antibodies. We determined that, in breast carcinoma MCF cells (MCF-7 cells), ANT (adenine nucleotide translocator) efficiently interacted with the WT, E240A and DeltaCT constructs. The WT and E240A constructs also interacted with alpha-tubulin, an essential component of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In turn, tubulin did not co-precipitate with the DeltaCT construct because of the inefficient endocytosis of the latter, thus suggesting a high level of selectivity of our test system. To corroborate these results, we then successfully used the ANT2-FLAG construct as a bait to pull-down MT1-MMP, which was naturally produced by fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. We determined that the presence of the functionally inert catalytic domain alone was sufficient to cause the proteinase to interact with ANT2, thus indicating that there is a non-proteolytic mode of these interactions. Overall, it is tempting to hypothesize that by interacting with pro-invasive MT1-MMP, ANT plays a yet to be identified role in a coupling mechanism between energy metabolism and pericellular proteolysis in migrating cancer cells.
Message passing algorithms and improved LP decoding (2009)

Linear programming decoding for low-density parity check codes (and related domains such as compressed sensing) has received increased attention over recent years because of its practical performance --coming close to that of iterative decoding algorithms--- and its amenability to finite-blocklength analysis. Several works starting with the work of Feldman et al. showed how to analyze LP decoding using properties of expander graphs. This line of analysis works for only low error rates, about a couple of orders of magnitude lower than the empirically observed performance. It is possible to do better for the case of random noise, as shown by Daskalakis et al. and Koetter and Vontobel. Building on work of Koetter and Vontobel, we obtain a novel understanding of LP decoding, which allows us to establish a 0.05-fraction of correctable errors for rate-1/2 codes; this comes very close to the performance of iterative decoders and is significantly higher than the best previously noted correctable bit error rate for LP decoding. Unlike other techniques, our analysis directly works with the primal linear program and exploits an explicit connection between LP decoding and message passing algorithms.
Basic Thermal Design Theory for Recuperators (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Formal Analogy between Thermal and Electrical Entities Heat Exchanger Variables and Thermal Circuit The ε-NTU Method Effectiveness – Number of Transfer Unit Relationships The P-NTU Method P–NTU Relationships The Mean Temperature Difference Method F Factors for Various Flow Arrangements Comparison of the ε-NTU, P–NTU, and MTD Methods The ψ-P and P1–P2 Methods Solution Methods for Determining Exchanger Effectiveness Heat Exchanger Design Problems Summary References Review Questions Problems
Nitrate ion selective electrodes based on poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membranes (1972)

Details are given of the construction and performance of two nitrateselective electrodes with sensor poly(vinyl chloride) membranes incorporating commercial Corning and Orion nitrate liquid ion exchangers.
First demonstration of two photon absorption in a semiconductor waveguide pumped by a diode laser (1993)

For the first time, lasers have been used to induce a fast all-optical nonresonant nonlinearity at wavelengths well beyond the band edge in a GaAs/GaAlAs multiquantum well waveguide. Using a Q-switched diode laser, which gave optical pulses of 3.5 ps duration and 7W peak power, an intensity-dependent transmission was recorded that was consistent with the presence of two photon absorption in the waveguide. The measured two photon absorption coefficient was 11 ±2cm/GW.
Sense and Nonsense of Influenza Vaccination in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1995)

Although influenza is generally seen as an important cause of excess mortality in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this mortality is nearly exclusively present in patients over the age of 60. Morbidity in patients with asthma or COPD is related to respiratory infections, including influenza. Vaccination against influenza has proven to be effective in nursing home populations, decreasing both mortality and morbidity during epidemics of influenza A. In younger patients with asthma or COPD, however, the effect of vaccination is more ambiguous. Exacerbation of respiratory disease is not due to influenza vaccination (except in allergy to chicken protein), from which we can conclude that influenza vaccination is a safe method to prevent a potentially serious respiratory infection in patients with asthma or COPD.
1939 Vortex Shedding Suppression for a Circular Cylinder by Attaching Cylindrical Rings (2008)

Omnidirectional reductions in drag and fluctuating forces were achieved for a circular cylinder subjected to cross-flow by attaching cylindrical rings along its span at an interval of several diameters. In this work, the ring configuration, the diameter D, spanwise width W, and spanwise pitch P, was systematically varied in order to explore the optimum configuration for the vortex shedding suppression. The Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter d was Red , 30000. As a result, it was found that the periodic pressure fluctuation on the sides of the cylinder due to the alternating vortex shedding was disappeared for the smaller pitch of P/d ≤ 4 at D/d = 1.3 and W/d = 1. This is likely to be related to the non-existence of the two-dimensional flow field in the near wake between two adjacent rings, due to the smaller axial spacing of the rings.
Wearable Artificial Kidneys for End-Stage Kidney Disease (2016)

Other than a kidney transplant, dialysis is the main treatment option for people with end-stage kidney disease; but dialysis facilities have limited capacity and are associated with significant costs — both to the health care system and to patients. Longer, more frequent dialysis sessions (ideally, daily or nightly) with home dialysis may provide better health outcomes at less cost, but most Canadian patients currently receive dialysis three times per week in dialysis facilities. Three small safety-and-feasibility human trials of one device, the Wearable Artificial Kidney (WAK), have been published. Several important technical issues with wearable artificial kidneys remain unresolved. Commercial availability of a wearable artificial kidney is still several years away.
High-grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia on Needle Biopsy (2004)

The importance of isolated high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) on needle biopsy is its association with synchronous invasive carcinoma. The relevance of this relationship has been called into question in recent years. In our study, we examined whether the histologic subtype of HGPIN (ie, tufting, micropapillary, cribriform, flat) and/or the number of core biopsies involved by HGPIN was predictive of a subset of men who were at higher risk of having invasive carcinoma on follow-up biopsies. We examined 200 sets of needle biopsies with a diagnosis of isolated HGPIN. Patient age ranged from 46 to 90 years (mean 66.4 years). The breakdown of the histologic subtypes of HGPIN is as follows: tufting 59%, micropapillary 34.3%, cribriform 6.2%, and flat 0.5%. A total of 132 patients (66%) had follow-up biopsies. Prostatic adenocarcinoma was identified in 28.8% of patients with 89.5% of cancers identified on the first two follow-up biopsies. For men that had two or more cores with HGPIN on the initial biopsy, 35.9% eventually had cancer on follow-up whereas men with only single core involvement had cancer in 22% of cases. Men with tufting/flat HGPIN on the initial biopsy had cancer on follow-up in 31.9% of cases, whereas the micropapillary/cribriform subtype was associated with cancer in 22% of follow-up biopsies. The histologic findings on the first repeat biopsy can be quite informative as to the risk of synchronous invasive carcinoma. Of the men with HGPIN on the first repeat biopsy, 32% eventually had cancer on follow-up. Additionally, if multiple cores were involved by HGPIN on the first repeat biopsy, the risk of finding cancer was 50%, regardless of single or multiple core involvement on the initial biopsy. Men with a benign diagnosis on the first repeat biopsy had a 14% risk of having cancer on follow-up. These data indicate that the multiple core involvement by HGPIN, both on initial and first repeat biopsy, defines a subset of men that are at increased risk of harboring synchronous invasive carcinoma. The histologic subtype of PIN does not appear to be as informative.
Management of Singlet and Triplet Excitons: A Universal Approach to High‐Efficiency All Fluorescent WOLEDs with Reduced Efficiency Roll‐Off Using a Conventional Fluorescent Emitter (2016)

High-efficiency all-fluorescent white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) are demonstrated by employing a blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent as the host or assistant dopant and a conventional orange emitter. The resulting warm WOLEDs, using thermally activated delayed fluorescence as the host, show a record external quantum efficiency of 14.0% and a power efficiency of 48.0 lm W−1, together with an extremely low efficiency roll-off. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tensile properties and morphology of blends of polyethylene and polypropylene (1980)

Abstract The tensile behavior of blends of linear polyethylene (PE) and isotactic polypropylene (PP) was examined in relation to their morphology. Yield stress increases monotonically with increasing PP content, while true ultimate strength is much lower in all blends than in the pure polymers as a result of early fracture. The blends fail at low elongation because of their two‐phase structure, consisting of interpenetrating networks or of islands of PE in a PP matrix, as shown by scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces and transmission electron microscopy of thin films. While spherulites in PP are very large (∼100 μm in diameter), addition of 10% or more of PE drastically reduces their average size. This, together with the profusion of intercrystalline links introduced by PE, may be associated with maximization of tensile modulus in blends containing ∼80% PP. Introduction of special nucleating agents to PP reduces average spherulite size and is accompanied by slight improvements in modulus. Thin films of blends strained in the electron microscope neck and fibrillate in their PE regions, but fracture cleanly with little fibrillation in areas of PP.
2‘-Amino-2‘-deoxyuridine <i>via </i>an Intramolecular Cyclization of a Trichloroacetimidate (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXT2'-Amino-2'-deoxyuridine via an Intramolecular Cyclization of a TrichloroacetimidateDanny P. C. McGee, Alecia Vaughn-Settle, Chandra Vargeese, and Yansheng ZhaiView Author Information NeXstar, inc., 2860 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2, 781–785Publication Date (Web):January 26, 1996Publication History Received9 June 1995Published online26 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9510548Copyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1262Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (207 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Beverages,Chemical reactions,Chemical synthesis,Mixtures,Nucleic acids Get e-Alerts