gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct least-squares fitting of algebraic surfaces (1987)

In the course of developing a system for fitting smooth curves to camera input we have developed several direct (i.e. noniterative) methods for fitting a shape (line, circle, conic, cubic, plane, sphere, quadric, etc.) to a set of points, namely exact fit, simple fit, spherical fit, and blend fit. These methods are all dimension-independent, being just as suitable for 3D surfaces as for the 2D curves they were originally developed for.Exact fit generalizes to arbitrary shapes (in the sense of the term defined in this paper) the well-known determinant method for planar exact fit. Simple fit is a naive reduction of the general overconstrained case to the exact case. Spherical fit takes advantage of a special property of circles and spheres that permits robust fitting; no prior direct circle fitters have been as robust, and there have been no previous sphere fitters. Blend fit finds the best fit to a set of points of a useful generalization of Middleditch-Sears blending curves and surfaces, via a nonpolynomial generalization of planar fit.These methods all require ( am + bn ) n 2 operations for fitting a surface of order n to m points, with a = 2 and b = 1/3 typically, except for spherical fit where b is larger due to the need to extract eigenvectors. All these methods save simple fit achieve a robustness previously attained by direct algorithms only for fitting planes. All admit incremental batched addition and deletion of points at cost an 2 per point and bn 3 per batch.
Intracellular pH recovery during respiratory acidosis in perfused hearts (1994)

Na(+)-H+ exchange and Na(+)-dependent HCO3- influx both contribute to recovery of intracellular pH (pHi) after an acidosis induced by using the NH4Cl prepulse technique in mammalian and avian cardiac tissue. We have investigated the relative contributions of these mechanisms to pHi recovery during respiratory acidosis in the Langendorff-perfused ferret heart with and without correction of extracellular pH (pHo). pHi was measured from the chemical shift of the exogenous 31P nuclear magnetic resonance pH indicator 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate. Intrinsic intracellular buffering capacity, calculated from the change in intracellular HCO3- concentration after a change in CO2, was reduced from approximately 33 (no inhibitors of acid extrusion present) to 19 +/- 5 mM when H+ extrusion during the acid loading phase was inhibited. During respiratory acidosis (pHo approximately 6.95), the proton efflux rate (JH) calculated at pHi 6.85 was 0.30 +/- 0.04 mmol.l-1.min-1 (n = 9). When pHo was corrected by increasing external HCO3- concentration to 60 mM during respiratory acidosis (pHo approximately 7.33), JH was 1.11 +/- 0.11 mmol.l-1.min-1 (n = 7), and when pHo was partially corrected by the addition of 50 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid to the perfusion solution (pHo approximately 7.1), JH was 0.64 +/- 0.08 mmol.l-1.min-1 (n = 6). In all three groups Na(+)-H+ exchange and HCO3- influx each contributed approximately 50% to acid-equivalent efflux.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular Interaction Study in Binary Mixtures of Dimethylsulphoxide with 1,2-Dichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane at 303 K (2002)

Densities (p) and viscosities (?/) ol'purc dimcth>lsiilplioMdc (DMSO).1,2-dichloroethane (D ri ), 1 1,2,2-lclrachloroelhane (TC'I') and those ol lhcir binary mixtures with DMSO as common component were measured at 303 K over the entire composition ranj.cSeveral uselul parameters, such us.excess volume, excess vi.scositv and excess (iihhs free energy ol atlivation of viscous How have been calculated from the measured derrsitics and viscosities to study lire mlermolecular interaction behveen the coinpi^nent molecules The changes in tltese parameters with composition suggest that the interaction between DMSO and D H ' is weak, while its interaction with rCl' is quite siiong 'Ihc experimental viscosity data of these mixtures were used to test the validity of the empincal relations of (irunberg-Nissan, Tanniru-Kurata.Ilmd^Mil.aughlin,katti'Chaudhary and Mcrric lor the present systems Keywords Binaiy li(|iiid mixtures,
<title>Preprocessing with motion information from MPEG encoder</title> (1996)

We describe a motion-compensated filtering scheme for preprocessing of video based on motion vectors computed from an MPEG encoder. A modified clustering filter is used to filter the pixels in the spatiotemporal kernel generated by the motion trajectories. The filter scheme can be incorporated into the encoder with very slight modifications, since it uses the results of the encoder motion estimation to filter each image prior to performing the rest of the encoding functions. In this way, our work differs from previous work that require additional motion estimation. We have tested our scheme with different types of noise. It is observed that the motion estimation in the encoder is more accurate, resulting in the motion-compensated difference signal that has smaller energies. This leads to finer quantization. Visual quality of the compressed video is significantly enhanced. Furthermore, reduced noise leads to better performance of other modules that rely on the statistics of the intermediate signals (for example, the intra/inter coding decision).
Pneumococcal bacteremia. Review of 111 cases, 1957--1969, with special reference to cases with undetermined focus. (1971)

The clinical significance of pneumococcal bacteremia was evaluated from the hospital records of 111 infants and children. Focal infections other than nasopharyngitis were recognized in 96 patients (86%). Pneumonia and otitis were equally frequent, together accounting for 71% of the infections. More than one focus was recognized in 30 patients (27%). In 30 patients, no focus of pneumococcal infection was detected before the positive result of the blood culture was reported; a focus was subsequently found in 15 of them. In 11 patients upper-respiratory tract infections, and in 4 patients fever provided the only clinical evidence of infection. There were four deaths among the 111 patients: one in a newborn, one with terminal leukemia, and two with meningitis.
Process Intensification: Transforming Chemical Engineering (2000)

In this article, we take a closer look at process intensification. We define what it involves, discuss its dimensions and structure, and review recent developments in process-intensifying devices and methods.
A survey on jamming attacks and countermeasures in WSNs (2009)

Jamming represents the most serious security threat in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as it can easily put out of order even WSNs that utilize strong highlayer security mechanisms, simply because it is often ignored in the initial WSN design. The objective of this article is to provide a general overview of the critical issue of jamming in WSNs and cover all the relevant work, providing the interested researcher pointers for open research issues in this field. We provide a brief overview of the communication protocols typically used in WSN deployments and highlight the characteristics of contemporary WSNs, that make them susceptible to jamming attacks, along with the various types of jamming which can be exercised against WSNs. Common jamming techniques and an overview of various types of jammers are reviewed and typical countermeasures against jamming are also analyzed. The key ideas of existing security mechanisms against jamming attacks in WSNs are presented and open research issues, with respect to the defense against jamming attacks are highlighted.
Virtual MIMO-based crosslayer design for wireless sensor networks (2006)

Abstract—In this paper, a novel multihop virtual multipleinput–multiple-output (MIMO) communication protocol is proposed by the cross-layer design to jointly improve the energy efficiency, reliability, and end-to-end (ETE) QoS provisioning in wireless sensor network (WSN). In the protocol, the traditional low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol is extended by incorporating the cooperative MIMO communication, multihop routing, and hop-by-hop recovery schemes. Based on the protocol, the overall energy consumption per packet transmission is modeled and the optimal set of transmission parameters is found. Then, the issues of ETE QoS provisioning of the protocol are considered. The ETE latency and throughput of the protocol are modeled in terms of the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of each link. Then, a nonlinear constrained programming model is developed to find the optimal BER performance of each link to meet the ETE QoS requirements with a minimum energy consumption. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to solve the problem. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed protocol in energy saving and QoS provisioning. Index Terms—Cross-layer design, energy efficiency, QoS provisioning, reliability, virtual multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO), wireless sensor network (WSN). I.
Polypropylene imine dendrimer mediated solubility enhancement: effect of pH and functional groups of hydrophobes. (2007)

Dendrimers today are known for their three dimensional, monodispersed, highly branched, macromolecular nano-scopic architecture with number of reactive end groups. Dendrimers have been reported to act as solubilizing agents to host both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of pH on poly(propylene) imine dendrimers (5.0G) mediated solubility enhancement of hydrophobes differing in functional groups (pKa). Weakly basic, (famotidine, -NH2 functional group; pKa 7.1), weakly acidic (indomethacin, -COOH functional group; pKa 4.5) and amphoteric (amphotericin B, -COOH and -NH2 functional groups; pKa 5.7 and 10.0) hydrophobes were selected for the study. The experiment was carried out at pH 4.0, 7.4 and 10.0. The solubility of all the drugs was enhanced at pH 7.4 and 10.0 but not at pH 4.0. The drug-dendrimer complexes followed 1:1 stoichiometry (AL type of curve) and were characterized for stability of complex, complexation efficiency and thermodynamic properties. Thermodynamic properties were utilized to elucidate the mechanism behind dendrimer mediated solubility enhancement. The data suggested that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were responsible for solubility enhancement. Conclusively, PPI dendrimers were found useful in solubility enhancement of not only acidic and basic but also amphoteric drugs, their solubilization ability was clearly regulated by pH and chemical nature of drug.
Vif Overcomes the Innate Antiviral Activity of APOBEC3G by Promoting Its Degradation in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway (2004)

Viruses must overcome diverse intracellular defense mechanisms to establish infection. The Vif (virion infectivity factor) protein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) acts by overcoming the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G (CEM15), a cytidine deaminase that induces G to A hypermutation in newly synthesized viral DNA. In the absence of Vif, APOBEC3G incorporation into virions renders HIV-1 non-infectious. We report here that Vif counteracts the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G by targeting it for destruction by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Vif forms a complex with APOBEC3G and enhances APOBEC3G ubiquitination, resulting in reduced steady-state APOBEC3G levels and a decrease in protein half-life. Furthermore, Vif-dependent degradation of APOBEC3G is blocked by proteasome inhibitors or ubiquitin mutant K48R. A mutation of highly conserved cysteines or the deletion of a conserved SLQ(Y/F)LA motif in Vif results in mutants that fail to induce APOBEC3G degradation and produce non-infectious HIV-1; however, mutations of conserved phosphorylation sites in Vif that impair viral replication do not affect APOBEC3G degradation, suggesting that Vif is important for other functions in addition to inducing proteasomal degradation of APOBEC3G. Vif is monoubiquitinated in the absence of APOBEC3G but is polyubiquitinated and rapidly degraded when APOBEC3G is coexpressed, suggesting that coexpression accelerates the degradation of both proteins. These results suggest that Vif functions by targeting APOBEC3G for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and implicate the proteasome as a site of dynamic interplay between microbial and cellular defenses.
Synthesis of Purine Nucleosides Using Iodine as Catalyst (1966)

Iodine has been found to be an excellent catalyst for the synthesis of nucleosides, i.e., the reaction of 1-O-acetyl-2, 3, 5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose with various purines in the presence of iodine resulted in the formation of corresponding 9-β-D-ribonucleosides, and/or their isomers in good yields.
Large-scale machine learning at twitter (2012)

The success of data-driven solutions to difficult problems, along with the dropping costs of storing and processing massive amounts of data, has led to growing interest in large-scale machine learning. This paper presents a case study of Twitter's integration of machine learning tools into its existing Hadoop-based, Pig-centric analytics platform. We begin with an overview of this platform, which handles "traditional" data warehousing and business intelligence tasks for the organization. The core of this work lies in recent Pig extensions to provide predictive analytics capabilities that incorporate machine learning, focused specifically on supervised classification. In particular, we have identified stochastic gradient descent techniques for online learning and ensemble methods as being highly amenable to scaling out to large amounts of data. In our deployed solution, common machine learning tasks such as data sampling, feature generation, training, and testing can be accomplished directly in Pig, via carefully crafted loaders, storage functions, and user-defined functions. This means that machine learning is just another Pig script, which allows seamless integration with existing infrastructure for data management, scheduling, and monitoring in a production environment, as well as access to rich libraries of user-defined functions and the materialized output of other scripts.
Logistic Regression Model to Distinguish Between the Benign and Malignant Adnexal Mass Before Surgery: A Multicenter Study by the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Group (2005)

Because the model was constructed from multicenter data, it is more likely to be generally applicable. The effectiveness of the model will be tested prospectively at different centers.
Functional optical coherence tomography for imaging middle ear dynamics (2013)

No currently available clinical technique is capable of visualizing and quantifying the structure and function of the middle ear. Various pathologies directly impede the conduction of sound-induced vibrations through the human middle ear, and thereby produce a ‘conductive’ hearing loss. Direct clinical assessment of sound conduction by middle ear structures has been limited to measurements of the average sound-induced vibration of the eardrum or the motion of single locations on the drum. In contrast, the optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology we introduce allows direct observation of the structure and sound-induced motions of a large fraction of the eardrum surface as well the ossicles within the ear. We use OCT to take three-dimensional volumetric snapshots of the moving eardrum and the ossicular chain behind the eardrum in a cadaveric chinchilla with which can generate 3D amplitude and phase maps. Our functional OCT technique can accurately image middle ear structures with a resolution of 10-20 microns and measure ossicular movements with sub-nanometer scale resolution with a temporal resolution of 50 microseconds.
Expression of MMP-10 in lung cancer. (2007)

There were no statistical differences in MMP-10 mRNA levels and protein levels in relation to patient's gender, age, tumor stages, tumor size, lymph node metastasis or tumor histological type.
Preparation and Catalytic Performance of Ni-Cu-B/TNTs Electrode by Cyclic Voltammetry Electrodeposition for Methanol Electro-Oxidation (2018)

Orderly TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) with high surface area became a prospective catalyst support. TNTs were obtained by anodizing Ti plate, and then the Ni-Cu-B/TNTs electrodes were prepared by cyclic voltammetry electrodeposition (CVE) method. SEM, EDS and electrochemical testing were used to investigate the microstructure and catalytic performance Ni-Cu-B/TNTs electrodes for methanol electro-oxidation. Effects of electrodeposition time, CVE scanning rate and times on the methanol electrooxidation were studied. The results show the shape of Ni-Cu-B particles on surface change from fusiform-like to spherical with an increasing of deposition temperature. The peak current density initially increased and then decreased with increasing electrodeposition time, rate and number of CVE scanning. The Ni-Cu-B/ TNTs electrode prepared by 30 cyclic times in 30°C at-0.8~0.2V and the scan rate of 20mV s -1 appear the best electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation. After cycled 1300 times for methanol oxidation, the peak current density decreased by 12%, indicating excellent long term stability of Ni-Cu-B/TNTs electrode.
AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF A DETAILED MECHANISM FOR THE OXIDATION OF <i>n</i>-DECANE (2006)

A single detailed kinetic mechanism for the oxidation and combustion of n-decane and n-heptane has been written by means of an automatic mechanism generator (REACTION) developed in our laboratory. It shows a good prediction of the ignition delay time versus temperature for the oxidation of n-decane at 13 and 50 bar and n-heptane at 13 and 40 bar for different equivalence ratios. The n-decane/n-heptane mechanism consists of a validated and recently published O2/H2/C1-C4 mechanism produced manually and a generated C5–C10 set of sub-mechanisms. The mechanism includes a complete description of both n-decane and n-heptane chemistry. This mechanism has a reasonable size, 506 species and 3684 reactions, but nevertheless it has an extensive range of chemistry. This paper represents not only the validation of a specific mechanism but also a validation of the rate constants of the reaction classes used to model the oxidation of alkanes at low and high temperature.
SYNTHETIC AMOEBICIDES: PART II. THE ANTI‐AMOEBIC ACTION OF QUINOXALINE‐1:4‐DIOXIDE AND SOME DERIVATIVES (1953)

prepared quinoxaline-l :4- dioxide and homologues as possible antagonists of vitamin K. He showed that these compounds possessed antibacterial properties against Strepto- coccus haemolyticus and Corynebacterium diph- theriae; further antibacterial studies with com- pounds of this class were made by
Design and Development of an Innovative E-Bike (2016)

A new model of power-assisted bicycle has been designed, set up and tested. The main innovative solutions for the pedelec prototype are described in the present paper: the electric motor position; the new mechanical transmission; the low cost measurement system of the driving torque; the special test rig. Differently from a common approach, in which the electric motor is located on one of the three hubs of the bicycle, the idea of the pedelec prototype consists of an electrical motor in the central position that, by means of a bevel gear, transmits the torque on the central hub. The other innovative solution is represented by the motion transmission from the motor to the pedal shaft, achieved by two different gearboxes: the first one is a planetary gearbox and the second one is a simple bevel gear. The pedelec prototype contains also a new low cost measurement system of the driving torque based on a strain gauge load cell located on one side of the rear wheel, between the hub and the frame. Moreover, a commercial cycling simulator has been suitably modified in order to properly install the different sensors for the measurement of the performance of the pedelec. The test rig is able to reproduce an aforethought route or paths acquired during road tests, to measure the performance of the e-bike in terms of instantaneous power and speed. The experimental test rig can simulate the resistant torque of a predetermined track and it aims to test and to optimize the control strategy available on the electronic control unit. The authors have also conducted an environmental analysis of the developed pedelec, in particular comparing the e-bike with a thermal moped, in terms of environmental impact.
A Bead-based Normalization for Uniform Sequencing depth (BeNUS) protocol for multi-samples sequencing exemplified by HLA-B (2014)

Our HLA sequencing method optimized for 96 multiplexing samples is highly time effective and cost effective and is especially suitable for automated multi-sample library preparation and sequencing.
A Prospective Study of Plasma Selenium Levels and Prostate Cancer Risk (2004)

The inverse association between baseline plasma selenium levels and risk of advanced prostate cancer, even among men diagnosed during the post-PSA era, suggests that higher levels of selenium may slow prostate cancer tumor progression. Ongoing randomized trials of selenium supplements may help to further evaluate this issue.
Automatic tuning of optimum PID controllers (1993)

The paper first briefly reviews the analytical procedures for obtaining optimum PID controller settings for minimisation of time weighted integral performance criteria. The approach is then used to obtain formulae for setting the controller parameters for a first-order plus dead time plant model which is a common approximation used in the process industries. These results are further extended to obtain two procedures, which can be used with the relay autotuning approach, to find the required controller parameters for optimisation of the integral of time error squared criterion. Good results have been obtained when these criteria are used with other plant models.
Shot reduction technique for character projection lithography using combined cell stencil (2005)

We propose a combined cell stencil (CCS), a shot reduction method, for character projection lithography (CPL). Electron Beam Direct Writing (EBDW) has been focused on the maskless chip fabrications, in terms both of quick turn-around-time and chip fabrication cost reduction for the nano-meter VLSI processes. EDBW, however, suffers from less throughput performance than the conventional optical lithography. CPL, which employs stencil masks to utilize the pattern beam, has been reported to reduce numbers of shots to 1/10 to 1/15 compared with the conventional variable shaped beam projection. The conventional cell stencil consists of a single cell layout pattern. The proposed CCS consists of two or more cell layouts, which are frequently connected to each other in netlists. We find frequently connected cell pairs in netlists to form new stencil patterns, as CCSes. Assuming that the frequently connected cells are usually placed close to each other on layout, timing closure will not be seriously degraded with this method. We evaluated the proposed method in terms of numbers of shots in layout patterns generated from place and route tools, whose netlists are replaced with the CCSes from the original cells, which is completely compatible with the conventional cell-based design flow. We applied the proposed method to a microprocessor design and demonstrated 22.4% shots reduction with 4.4% area increase compared with the previously reported shot reduction method for CPL. We also carried out IWLS (International Workshop on Logic Synthesis) benchmarks to show the reusability of the generated CCS stencil masks.