gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of malaria-infected red blood cells in microfluidic channels: Passage and blockage (2013)

Malaria-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) become less deformable with the progression of infection and tend to occlude microcapillaries. This process has been investigated in vitro using microfluidic channels. The objective of this paper is to provide a quantitative basis for interpreting the experimental observations of iRBC occlusion of microfluidic channels. Using a particle-based model for the iRBC, we simulate the traverse of iRBCs through a converging microfluidic channel and explore the progressive loss of cell deformability due to three factors: the stiffening of the membrane, the reduction of the cell's surface-volume ratio, and the growing solid parasites inside the cell. When examined individually, each factor tends to hinder the passage of the iRBC and lengthen the transit time. Moreover, at sufficient magnitude, each may lead to obstruction of narrow microfluidic channels. We then integrate the three factors into a series of simulations that mimic the development of malaria infection through the ring, trophozoite, and schizont stages. These simulations successfully reproduce the experimental observation that with progression of infection, the iRBC transitions from passage to blockage in larger and larger channels. The numerical results suggest a scheme for quantifying iRBC rigidification through microfluidic measurements of the critical pressure required for passage.
Making the Lisbon Strategy Happen: A New Phase of Lifelong Learning Discourse in European Policy? (2011)

The discourse of lifelong learning has undergone great changes, from its initial engagement when it was a matter of social and humanitarian issues as outlined in the early documents of UNESCO, to emphasising lifelong learning as a moral and individual obligation in a more competitive and market-oriented language. This policy trajectory has taken the discourse from an initial phase of great social visions to a second phase focusing on the need for self-regulated and morally responsible citizens. Recent research on the topic indicates that we are now standing at the threshold of a discursive shift where action instead of visions is at stake. Against this background the author asks if there is evidence enough to suggest that European policy on lifelong learning is now experiencing a discursive shift into what could be described as a new phase. The author uses critical discourse analysis as a methodological framework and the analysis of the empirical material points to a direction where it is relevant to speak about a new ‘phase’ of lifelong-learning discourse emerging in European policy, characterised by the urgent need for implementation. In this article a tentative conceptual framework is presented as to how this new, action-oriented ‘phase’ can be understood.
Zigzag waveguide demultiplexer for multimode WDMLAN (1998)

The authors demonstrate a compact polymer waveguide wavelength demultiplexer using a novel zigzag geometry to achieve low insertion loss. Eye-safe, error-free four-channel operation is demonstrated at a 10 Gbd aggregate rate over 100 m of 62.5 µm multimode fibre.
Multiple channel operation of an integrated AO tunable filter (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. W. CHEUNG, D. A. SMITH, J. E. BARAN, and B. L. HEFFNER, "Multiple channel operation of an integrated AO tunable filter," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol. 5 of 1989 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1989), paper THB3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Solution-phase Synthesis of Stannite-type Ag2ZnSnS4 Nanoparticles for Application to Photoelectrode Materials (2012)

Abstract Ag2ZnSnS4 (AZTS) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized at relatively low temperature via thermal reaction of corresponding metal acetates and a sulfur source in a hot oleylamine solution, the purity of the particles being dependent on the amount of metal acetates and the reaction temperature. The obtained pure AZTS particles with size of ca. 15 nm exhibited photoresponse with visible light irradiation similar to that of n-type semiconductors.
Effects of oxygen impurity on microcrystalline silicon films (2002)

We have systematically studied the effects of oxygen impurities on the crystal quality and electrical properties of hydrogenated microcrystalline Si films (/spl mu/c-Si:H) grown at 200/spl deg/C. Two threshold oxygen concentrations [0]s are observed: crystal quality does not deteriorate below /spl ap/1/spl times/10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/ of [0], while carrier density increase rapidly above /spl ap/1/spl times/10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ of [0]. The electron carrier density obeys 1.4 th power law of [0] in the range between 1/spl times/10/sup 18/ and 1/spl times/10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/. This superlinear relationship implies that oxygen aggregates act as donors. Lower temperature (/spl ap/200/spl deg/C) formation of oxygen aggregates is discussed.
Highly precise and accurate terahertz polarization measurements based on electro-optic sampling with polarization modulation of probe pulses (2014)

We have developed an electro-optic (EO) sampling method with polarization modulation of probe pulses; this method allows us to measure the direction of a terahertz (THz) electric-field vector with a precision of 0.1 mrad in a data acquisition time of 660 ms using a 14.0-kHz repetition rate pulsed light source. Through combination with a THz time-domain spectroscopy technique, a time-dependent two-dimensional THz electric field was obtained. We used a photoelastic modulator for probe-polarization modulation and a (111)-oriented zincblende crystal as the EO crystal. Using the tilted pulse front excitation method with stable regeneratively amplified pulses, we prepared stable and intense THz pulses and performed pulse-by-pulse analog-to-digital conversion of the signals. These techniques significantly reduced statistical errors and enabled sub-mrad THz polarization measurements. We examined the performance of this method by measuring a wire-grid polarizer as a sample. The present method will open a new frontier of high-precision THz polarization sensitive measurements.
Epitope of the Vaccine-Type<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>Strain 186 Lipooligosaccharide and Antiendotoxin Activity of Antibodies Directed against the Terminal Pentasaccharide-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate (2005)

Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) isolated from Bordetella pertussis strains 186 and 606 were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These analyses distinguished between the LOS of strains 186 and 606, suggesting that the structure of LOS in B. pertussis is heterogeneous. The pentasaccharide was selectively cleaved from LOS of B. pertussis strain 186, purified, and covalently linked to a monomer fraction of tetanus toxoid. Injection of rabbits with the neoglycoconjugate emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant yielded immunoglobulin G antibodies that were reactive with the LOS. These antibodies reacted strongly with B. pertussis LOS possessing the complete dodecasaccharide, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and flow cytometry with intact, live bacterial cells. The binding epitope within the pentasaccharide was investigated by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy. Protons H-1 and H-4 of the terminal alpha-D-GlcpNAc and proton H-6 and protons of an N-methyl group at H-4 of 3-substituted beta-L-FucpNAc4NMe exhibited the largest saturation transfers. STD NMR experiments confirmed that the immunodominant epitope recognized by the antineoglycoconjugate antibodies is located predominantly in the distal trisaccharide of B. pertussis 186 LOS. The antipentasaccharide antibodies induced by the conjugate inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and NO by LOS-stimulated J774A.1 cells.
Hemispheric Lateralization of Pain Processing by Amygdala Neurons (2009)

Recent biochemical and behavioral data suggest right-hemispheric lateralization of amygdala functions in pain. Our previous electrophysiological studies showed pain-related neuroplasticity in the latero-capsular division of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeLC) in the right brain hemisphere. Here we determined differences in the processing of pain-related signals in right versus left CeLC neurons. Individual CeLC neurons were recorded extracellularly before and after induction of an arthritis pain state in anesthetized rats. Brief innocuous and noxious test stimuli were applied to peripheral tissues ipsi- and contralateral to the recording site. A monoarthritis was induced in the ipsi- or contralateral knee by intraarticular injections of kaolin and carrageenan. Under normal conditions, CeLC neurons in the left amygdala had smaller receptive fields than those in the right, but the magnitude of background and evoked activity was not significantly different. After arthritis induction, neurons in the right, but not left, CeLC developed increased background activity and evoked responses, irrespective of the location of the arthritis (ipsi- or contralateral to the recording site). A protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor decreased the activity of right CeLC neurons after arthritis induction but had no effect in the left amygdala. Forskolin, however, increased the activity of left and right CeLC neurons under normal conditions. The results show for the first time laterality of pain-related electrophysiological activity changes in individual amygdala neurons. Whereas both left and right amygdala neurons receive nociceptive inputs and can become sensitized in principle, a yet unknown mechanism prevents PKA activation and pain-related changes in the left amygdala.
Contribution of autophagy to antiviral immunity (2015)

Although identified in the 1960's, interest in autophagy has significantly increased in the past decade with notable research efforts oriented at understanding as to how this multi-protein complex operates and is regulated. Autophagy is commonly defined as a "self-eating" process evolved by eukaryotic cells to recycle senescent organelles and expired proteins, which is significantly increased during cellular stress responses. In addition, autophagy can also play important roles during human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, novel findings suggest that autophagy contributes to the host defense against microbial infections. In this article, we review the role of macroautophagy in antiviral immune responses and discuss molecular mechanisms evolved by viral pathogens to evade this process. A role for autophagy as an effector mechanism used both, by innate and adaptive immunity is also discussed.
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR HUMAN-POWERED VEHICLES (1983)

There has been very little true research in human-powered vehicles carried out in the past. In the ferment of activity in the early and late parts of the nineteenth century, developments were made by mechanics and inventors and, as in other fields, scientists followed to try to explain, for instance, how a bicyclist balances. This paper discusses aerodynamic aspects of human-powered vehicles and describes the areas that need further investigation.
Migration of duplex waves (2005)

When a seismic dataset is acquired all types of wave modes are recorded. These include primary reflected energy, as well as direct, multiple, shear and mode converted waves to name a few. Most data processing is targeted towards enhancement and positioning of primary reflected energy while the other wave modes are deemed noise and suppressed. One type of wave mode, duplex waves, are routinely found in seismic datasets that have near vertical subsurface features. The term duplex wave describes propagation paths with a double reflection involving a reflecting base boundary and a near vertical feature. The purpose of our study was to examine the possibility of using duplex waves to directly image vertical features. Here, we demonstrate concepts through the use of synthetic and a 3D field data example.
SSB Lincompex transmitter and receiver for land mobile communication (1981)

This paper describes some design concepts and design parameters of newly developed SSB Lincompex (Linked Compressor and Expander) equipment for land-mobile use in VHF band. The results of the laboratory and the field tests carried out in the urban area of Tokyo revealed some advantageous characteristics of SSB Lincompex equipment in 150 MHz band. Through these tests, it becomes clear that the channel spacing of nearly 6 kHz will be feasible by the SSB Lincompex System.
The recognition and early management of critical illness (2005)

Formalising measurement of physiological (in)stability on the general ward using Early Warning Scores improves recognition of unstable and potentially critically ill patients. Prompt intervention will either reverse further physiological decline or facilitate timely referral to the critical care service for further, more invasive, organ support.
A 45nm Low-Standby-Power Embedded SRAM with Improved Immunity Against Process and Temperature Variations (2007)

A 512kb SRAM module is implemented in a 45nm low-standby-power CMOS with variation-tolerant assist circuits against process and temperature. A passive resistance is introduced to the read assist circuit and a divided V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> line is adopted in the memory array to assist the write. Two SRAM cells with areas of 0.245mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 0.327mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> are fabricated. Measurements show that the SNM exceeds 120mV and the write margin improves by 15% in the worst PVT condition.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Catalytic Property of Group 4 Metal Carborane Compounds with a <i><sup>i</sup></i>Pr<sub>2</sub>NB-Bridged Constrained-Geometry Ligand (2002)

Interaction of iPr2NB(C9H7)(C2B10H11) with 1 equiv of Zr(NMe2)4 gave a constrained-geometry zirconium amide [η5:σ-iPr2NB(C9H6)(C2B10H10)]Zr(NMe2)2 (2). Treatment of iPr2NB(C9H7)(C2B10H11) with 1 equiv of Ti(NMe2)4, however, led to the isolation of a deborated product (η5-C2B9H11)Ti(NMe2)2(HNMe2) (1). 2 reacted with excess Me3SiCl in toluene to give the chloro derivative [η5:σ-iPr2NB(C9H6)(C2B10H10)]ZrCl2 (4). Salt metathesis reaction between MCl4(THF)2 and [iPr2NB(C9H6)(C2B10H10)]Li2(Et2O)2 afforded [η5:σ-iPr2NB(C9H6)(C2B10H10)]MCl2 (M = Ti (3), Zr (4), Hf (5)). 3 was also prepared from the reaction of [iPr2NB(C9H6)(C2B10H10)]Li2(Et2O)2 with 1 equiv of TiCl3(THF)3, followed by addition of 0.5 equiv of PbCl2 in THF. Interaction of 2 with 4 equiv of Me3Al in toluene resulted in the isolation of [η5:σ-iPr2NB(C9H6)(C2B10H10)]ZrMe2 (6). 6 was also prepared via the reaction of 4 with 2 equiv of MeLi in THF. All of these compounds were fully characterized by various spectroscopic data and elemental analyses. The solid-state structures of compounds 1 and 2 were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analyses. Compounds 2−6 exhibited a moderate to very high (104−106 g mol-1 atm-1 h-1) ethylene polymerization activity upon activation with MAO. The activities depended upon both the central metal ion and co-ligand and followed the order 4 > 2, 6 > 3 > 5.
Clinical evaluation of a new device for the treatment of tension pneumothorax. (1980)

The two accepted major methods for decompression of a pneumothorax are needle aspiration in the second intercostal space and large bore chest tube insertion in the midaxillary line, sixth, seventh or eight intercostal space. Both of these devices have drawbacks in the emergency management of a tension pneumothorax. Relating to size, case of insertion, volume of air aspirated and cumbersomeness of associated equipment. This evaluation of its effectiveness is both in the prehospital phase and in the Emergency Department by studying 40 patients, 55% of which were prehospital. Sixty per cent were placed by EMT-Paramedic personnel. All of those patients that survived their multiple trauma long enough to allow x-rays to be made, had partial to total re-expansion of the pneumothorax. Of those patients undergoing autopsy or surgical exploration no indication could be identified of pulmonary injury secondary to the insertion of the device. The only complications were: intercostal artery laceration and a minor laceration of the dome of the diaphram. In summary this study of 40 patients demonstrates the effectiveness of the use of a device for the management of tension pneumothorax, both prehospital and in-hospital by physician and EMT-Paramedic personnel.
Algebric approach of the linear and convolutional error coding world (2006)

International audience
Phytochemical and antioedematogenic studies of commercial copaiba oils available in Brazil (2001)

The composition of eight samples of commercial copaiba oils, used in the Amazonian region as antiinflammatory agents and available in popular markets, were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HRGC-MS). Major differences were observed in their chemical composition and some adulterations were pointed out. When tested in vivo oils 1 and 3, and to a lesser extent oil 6, significantly inhibited bradykinin-induced oedema formation. The other tested oils had no effect. When assessed in carrageenan-induced oedema formation, oils 1, 2 and 6, but not oil 3, significantly attenuated the oedema formation. The other tested oils failed to affect carrageenan-induced paw oedema. Oils 1 and 6 were further fractionated and several sesquiterpenes and diterpenes were detected. It is suggested that the naturally occurring sesquiterpenes present in the copaiba oils seem to be responsible for the antiinflammatory action reported in the folk medicine. Furthermore, our results clearly show an adulteration in copaiba oils available in Brazil.
Preparation of silver nanoparticles with controlled particle size (2009)

Silver colloids show different colors due to light absorption and scattering in the visible region based on plasmon resonance. The resonance wavelength depends on particle size and shape. Here we report chemical reduction methods for preparation of silver nanoparticles exhibiting multicolor in aqueous solutions. Depending on chemical conditions the obtained nanoparticles are different regarding size and morphology. In order to investigate the relationship between size, stability and color of silver colloids we obtained silver nanoparticles in aqueous solutions using different reducing agents. The effect of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on stabilization of obtained silver colloids was investigated. We have also studied the effect of silver precursor and its concentration on the formation of stable silver colloids. UV-VIS spectrum for silver colloids contains a strong plasmon band near 410 nm, which confirms silver ions reduction to Ag° in the aqueous phase. The formation of metal silver was also confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The diameter size of silver nanoparticles was in the range from 5 nm to 100 nm
Quantitative structure–property relationships prediction of some physico-chemical properties of glycerol based solvents (2013)

Quantitative structure–properties relationships (QSPR) models have been developed for three characteristic properties of a series of 62 new glycerol derivatives, relevant to solvent classification and substitution uses. Using structural descriptor variables, three equations have been found using multiple linear regression analysis, which can be applied for in silico prediction of physico-chemical properties, allowing a faster selection of target solvents for a given application.
SCENES FROM SAN FRANCISCO (2006)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVACS NewsNEXTSCENES FROM SAN FRANCISCOLINDA WANGCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2006, 84, 39, 118–119Publication Date (Print):September 25, 2006Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 25 September 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v084n039.p118https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v084n039.p118acs-newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (894 KB) SUBJECTS:Polyacrylamide,Students Get e-Alerts
A Neural network approach to visibility range estimation under foggy weather conditions (2017)

The degradation of visibility due to foggy weather conditions is a common trigger for road accidents and, as a result, there has been a growing interest to develop intelligent fog detection and visibility range estimation systems. In this contribution, we provide a brief overview of the state-of-the-art contributions in relation to estimating visibility distance under foggy weather conditions. We then present a neural network approach for estimating visibility distances using a camera that can be fixed to a roadside unit (RSU) or mounted onboard a moving vehicle. We evaluate the proposed solution using a diverse set of images under various fog density scenarios. Our approach shows very promising results that outperform the classical method of estimating the maximum distance at which a selected target can be seen. The originality of the approach stems from the usage of a single camera and a neural network learning phase based on a hybrid global feature descriptor. The proposed method can be applied to support next-generation cooperative hazard & incident warning systems based on I2V, I2I and V2V communications.
Reviews (1981)

“Catastrophe Theory.” By A. Woodcock and M. Davis. Pelican, Harmondsworth Middlesex, 1980. Pp. 171. $A3.95.
CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEXES OF PHEOPHYTIN <i>a</i> WITH NITROAROMATICS. ELECTRON TRANSFER FROM EXCITED SINGLET OF PHEOPHYTIN <i>a</i> TO NITROAROMATICS (1984)

Abstract— The interaction of pheophytin a (Pheo) with seven nitroaromatic acceptors of varying ring sizes and electron acceptor abilities has been studied both in the ground and excited states. The ground state association constants ( K ) of the 1: 1 complexes of donor (Pheo) and acceptors were found to increase with increasing electron affinities of the different acceptors. All the nitroaromatic compounds efficiently quench the singlet emission of Pheo and the quenching follows the Stern‐Volmer (SV) relationship. The SV constants ( K sv ) for different quenchers follow the same order as that of the K values. The reduction potential of Pheo + /Pheo * obtained from the quenching data agrees well with the theoretically predicted value. A charge transfer interaction between the singlet excited state of Pheo and the nitroaromatics is suggested from the dependence of quenching rate constants on the electron affinities of the acceptors.