gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible and irreversible injury in the reperfused myocardium: differentiation with contrast material-enhanced MR imaging. (1990)

Thrombolytic agents are being used with increasing frequency to produce reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction in humans. This study was designed to assess the potential of a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent, the manganese chelate of N,N'-bis(pyridoxal-5-phosphate) ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (DPDP), in differentiating between reversible and irreversible myocardial injury during reperfusion. Ischemia was produced in rats by occlusion of the left coronary artery for either 15 minutes (n = 10) or 2 hours (n = 10), followed in both cases by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Signal intensity (SI) was measured before and after (every 15 minutes for 1 hour) the administration of Mn-DPDP. Prior to intravenous injection of the contrast agent, no significant difference in SI was observed between normal and reversibly or irreversibly injured myocardium. Mn-DPDP produced greater enhancement of SI of the irreversibly injured region compared with normal myocardium. There was no differential enhancement of the reversibly injured region compared with normal myocardium. Thus, Mn-DPDP is useful in discriminating reversible from irreversible injury in reperfused myocardium.
Don't Throw Away Plastic Containers — Recycle Them! (1992)

Old plastic squeezable containers or spray bottles can be ideal for storing small amounts of certain fluids that need to be carried into small or confined spaces to work on machines.
Synthesis of Monoesters of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and Imidazopyrroloquinoline, and Radical Scavenging Activities Using Electron Spin Resonance in Vitro and Pharmacological Activity in Vivo. (1997)

Monoesters with the ester groups at C-2 of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and C-9 of imidazopyrroloquinoline (IPQ) were synthesized, and radical scavenging activities of coenzyme PQQ, IPQ compounds synthesized from PQQ and various amino acids, and monoesters of PQQ and IPQ were studied in vitro and in vivo. PQQ and PQQ monoesters had strong radical scavenging activity using ESR in in vitro experiments. The IC50 value for superoxide (O2-) was from 1 to 6 x 10(-8) M and that for the hydroxy radical (.OH) was from 4 to 6 x 10(-5) M. IPQ compounds and IPQ monoesters also showed radical scavenging activity. These compounds prevented injury during in vivo experiments, such as hydrocortisone-induced cataracts, endotoxin shock and CCl4-induced liver injury (isolated hepatocytes and rats). Especially, the monoesters of PQQ and IPQ prevented liver injury in rats equally by oral or intraperitoneal administration. These results suggest that PQQ functions as a radical scavenging factor in addition to being a cofactor of quinoprotein enzymes, and monoesters with the ester groups at C-2 of PQQ and C-9 of IPQ are developed as treatment or preventive medicine for disease caused by radical compounds on the basis of strong radical scavenging activities, absorbability into cells, toxicity, safety and chemical stability.
Fabrication of lattice mismatched multijunction photovoltaic cells using 3D integration concepts (2012)

We present the experimental procedure to create lattice mismatched multijunction photovoltaic (PV) cells using 3D integration concepts. Lattice mismatched multijunction photovoltaic (PV) cells with decoupled electrical outputs could achieve higher efficiencies than current-matched monolithic devices. Growing lattice mismatched materials as a monolithic structure generates defects and decreases performance. We propose using methods from the integrated circuits and microsystems arena to produce the PV cell. The fabricated device consists of an ultrathin (6 μm) series connected InGaP/GaAs PV cell mechanically stacked on top of an electrically independent silicon cell. The InGaP/GaAs PV cell was processed to produce a small cell (750 μm) with back-contacts where all of the contacts sit at the same level. The dual junction and the silicon (c-Si) cell are electrically decoupled and the power from both cells is accessible through pads on the c-Si PV cell. Through this approach, we were able to fabricate a functional double junction PV cell mechanically attached to a c-Si PV cell with independent connections.
Estimation of airplane stability and control derivatives from large amplitude longitudinal maneuvers (1981)

The application of a modified stepwise regression algorithm to both a complete data string and to that same data partitioned into bins as a function of angle of attack was demonstrated. Results from the large-scale maneuver agree well with results from 20 maneuvers in which small perturbation from trim at various angles of attack were induced.
A method for the synthesis of submicron particles (1987)

Powder synthesis by thermally induced vapor-phase reactions in aerosol reactors is described. The powders generated by this technique consist of high-purity, spherical, nonagglomerated, and uniformly sized particles\nin the 0.1-µm size range. Most of the particles are crystalline spheres. A theoretical examination based on the discrete-sectional model is presented. The comparison shows that the calculated size distribution of the final product from the aerosol reactor is fairly consistent with that observed experimentally.
Effect of solute concentration on hindered diffusion in porous membranes (2000)

Abstract The effect of solute concentration on hindered diffusion was investigated by measuring diffusion rates of dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in track‐etched polycarbonate membranes at concentrations up to 60 mg/mL. Results were interpreted using a model that incorporates a first‐order virial coefficient to describe the concentration dependence of the equilibrium partition coefficient, as well as the intrapore diffusivity. For dextran, both virial coefficients were positive, indicating that the effective diffusivity increases with solute concentration. Measured values of the virial coefficient for equilibrium partitioning agreed with a model that includes attractive van der Waals interactions between dextran and the pore wall. For PEG, both virial coefficients were negative, indicating that the diffusivity decreases as solute concentration increases. These observations may be due to chain entanglement or aggregation that occurs with increasing PEG concentration.
Genetic algorithms to solve a single machine multiple orders per job scheduling problem (2010)

This research is motivated by a scheduling problem found in 300-mm semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities (wafer fabs). Front opening unified pods (FOUPs) are used to transfer wafers in wafer fabs. The number of FOUPs is kept limited because of the potential overload of the automated material handling system (AMHS). Different orders are grouped into one FOUP because orders of an individual customer very often fill only a portion of a FOUP. We study the case of lot processing and single item processing. The total weighted completion time objective is considered. In this paper, we propose a grouping genetic algorithm (GGA) to form the content of the FOUPs and sequence them. The GGA is hybridized with local search. Furthermore, we also study a random key genetic algorithm (RKGA) to sequence the orders and assign the orders to FOUPs by a heuristic. We compare the performance of the two GAs based on randomly generated problem instances with simple heuristics and other GAs from the literature. It turns out that GGA only slightly outperforms the previous genetic GAs but it is faster when a lot processing environment is considered. The RKGA behaves similar to the best performing GAs described in the literature with respect to solution quality and computing time.
Enzymatic probes of lipoprotein structure. Hydrolysis of human serum low density lipoprotein-2 by phospholipase A2. (1976)

Pure phospholipaseA, from Crotalus atroz is able to hydrolyze all the phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine of human serum low density lipoprotein (LDL,).In accord with the substrate specificity of the enzyme, sphingomyelin, other minor lipids and proteins are not hydrolyzed.The enzyme-modified particles remain water-soluble and, upon reisolation, contain all of the lysophospholipids and free fatty acids produced during the reaction.By electron microscopic, circular dichroic, analytical ultracentrifugal, immunologic, and small angle x-ray scattering techniques, the enzyme-modified particles exhibit only modest changes when compared with native LDL,.Accumulation of negative charges on the lipoprotein during hydrolysis results in the repression of ionization of the free fatty acid products.This electrostatic effect can be analyzed in terms of the Linderstrpm-Lang model which yields an equivalent spherical radius of -100 A for the particles.For the substrate concentration range of 2 + 100 x lo-' M hydrolyzable phospholipid, the kinetics of formation of fatty acids (P) obey the equation
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) (1985)

IN an unsigned editorial published in the Journal of the American Medical Association 25 years ago, entitled "Requirements for an Ideal Thrombolytic Agent," I concluded, "Thus, an ideal thrombolytic agent would be specific for effecting clot dissolution, adequately standardized, and capable of being given to patients without significant hazard...."1 The plasminogen activators streptokinase and urokinase, which subsequently became available for clinical use, were shown to be effective in dissolving thrombi and emboli but were not specific for fibrin. They activated plasminogen in the circulation as well as that bound to fibrin; whereas the latter action was responsible for clot dissolution, . . .
Magnetic Fields of Twistors Represented by Confocal Hollow Prolate Spheroids (1960)

A twistor is an anisotropic ferromagnetic cylindrical wire with nonmagnetic core. The intrinsic magnetization flux curls in helical sense in the wire and has an air return path. Many field problems must be solved for their successful use as information storage elements. For instance, the demagnetizing field in the wire causes instability of storage and therefore must be reduced by suitable geometry of the twistor. The flux lines emanating from a bit link neighboring windings and also impose a magnetic field intensity in neighboring bits. The interactions, although undesirable in packing bits in a memory array, can be used to advantage as operating forces in logical devices.1 This paper analyzes the demagnetizing field in a twistor bit, based on the geometrical model of a confocal hollow prolate spheroid and the magnetic characterization of the material by B = μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> (H+M) where M is the intrinsic magnetization, constant in magnitude, but oriented by the external field. Demagnetizing factors for confocal hollow prolate spheroids are plotted against length-to-diameter ratio and wall thickness. Expressions for field intensities outside a twistor bit are given. Analogies between twistors and thin films are examined.
Immunology of Infectious Disease (2002)

IMMUNOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES , IMMUNOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Automated Selection of Pure Base Flows from Regular Daily Streamflow Data: Objective Algorithm (2016)

The identification of base flow from an available record of streamflow measurements for recession rate analysis is often a difficult and time-consuming process affected by unavoidable errors and subjective aspects. Here, several stringent criteria are proposed for automated selection of base flows for this method and are applied to select pure base flows in 26 catchments from the United States, Australia, and China. The characteristic drainage timescale parameter (K) of the linear response function was chosen as the effectiveness measure of the automated method; the K values estimated using this method are 44.5±13.2 days compared with 45.7±10.5 days estimated manually for the catchments with long records. The effects of different imposed criteria on the base flow selection are also quantified using this parameter. The proposed algorithm provides a faster and more objective methodology for automated selection of base flows for recession rate analysis and will thus greatly facilitate its application.
Dynamic Range Analysis in High Efficiency Video Coding Residual Coding and Reconstruction (2012)

We present a method for analyzing dynamic range along the residual coding and reconstruction pathways during video coding by deriving bounds on the maximum absolute value of intermediary data using a simple combination of triangle inequality and reformulation using Kronecker products. The proposed method is then applied toward analyzing the residual coding and reconstruction process in the emerging High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. Our analysis shows that, for an input residual with a bitdepth of (B+1) that uses a uniform quantizer, the dynamic range of quantized levels and dequantized coefficients are no more than (B+7) bits and 17 bits, respectively. Furthermore, a 16 bits transpose buffer is sufficient, while up to 5 bits of bitdepth expansion can occur in the reconstructed residual. The analysis is validated by simulation results with both randomly generated residual and encoding/decoding test video sequences using the HEVC reference software.
Cryopreservation of living cells: principles and practice (2007)

Increasingly, the cryopreservation of living cells is being attempted by researchers whose primary interest and experience is with the medical applications of those cells or tissues and whose prior experience with cryobiology may be negligible. It is therefore generally necessary to imitate some regimen used by others, perhaps with some other cell type and attempt to optimize the recovery empirically. This article makes no attempt to provide specific protocols for the many individual cell types. Rather it is a primer that may help to give such investigators an insight into the basic principles of cell freezing, cryoprotectants, and, particularly, their addition and removal. Finally, the article summarizes the five different approaches to applied cryopreservation: ultrarapid freezing and thawing, controlled-rate freezing, freezing with nonpenetrating polymers, vitrification, and equilibrium freezing.
Identification of Newborn Cells by BrdU Labeling and Immunocytochemistry In Vivo (2003)

5-Bromodeoxyuridine, variously abbreviated as BrdU, BUdR, and BrdUrd, is a halogenated thymidine analog that is permanently integrated into the DNA of dividing cells during DNA synthesis in S-phase. BrdU can be immunocytochemically detected in vitro and in vivo, allowing the identification of cells that were dividing during the period of BrdU exposure. In vivo, it has been used to identify the“birthdate” of cells during development, to examine the fate of postnatally generated cells, and to label cells prior to transplantation for subsequent identification.
Polymer Nanocomposites: How to Reach Low Flammability? (2006)

Abstract The paper investigates critically the feasibility to make fire proof polymer using nanoparticles. It includes organoclay, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and carbon nanotube (CNT). It is shown that they can be used to make material exhibiting low heat release rate (HRR) when they undergo heat. We have developed novel approaches to characterize quantitatively the nanodispersion by solid state NMR and by TEM associated with image analysis and we have demonstrated that the dispersion at the nanoscale is essential to achieve the best performance. On the other hand, low flammability of nanocomposites is only achieved in terms of HRR but they fail in terms of UL‐94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI). To overcome this problem, we have combined nanoparticles with traditional flame retardants (intumescents) or with plasma treatment. The nanofillers act as synergists and offer an exceptional way for making fire safe polymers.
Methods in Determining Growth Hormone Concentrations: An Immunofunctional Assay (1999)

Actual measurement of growth hormone (GH) levels in children suspected of having GH deficiency can confirm this diagnosis. However, there currently is no standard for the test. Although there is general agreement that in a short-statured child, a value of <10 microg/L in response to an appropriate provocative test indicates the possible need for GH replacement therapy, there is no agreement on the best testing method. Different immunoassay kits use different methods to measure serum levels and, therefore, produce different results. In this article, the evolution of assays and the reasons for disparities in results are reviewed and discussed. An immunofunctional assay using monoclonal antibodies as a new standard is described.
Facial Micro-expression Spotting and Recognition Using Time Contrasted Feature with Visual Memory (2019)

Facial micro-expressions are sudden involuntary minute muscle movements which reveal true emotions that people try to conceal. Spotting a micro-expression and recognizing it is a major challenge owing to its short duration and intensity. Many works pursued traditional and deep learning based approaches to solve this issue but compromised on learning low-level features and higher accuracy due to unavailability of datasets. This motivated us to propose a novel joint architecture of spatial and temporal network which extracts time-contrasted features from the feature maps to contrast out micro-expression from rapid muscle movements. The usage of time contrasted features greatly improved the spotting of micro-expression from inconspicuous facial movements. Also, we include a memory module to predict the class and intensity of the micro-expression across the temporal frames of the micro-expression clip. Our method achieves superior performance in comparison to other conventional approaches on CASMEII dataset.
Cascaded photonic crystal guides and cavities: spectral studies and their impact on integrated optics design (2001)

We report on the investigation of cavities coupled to channel waveguides defined in a triangular-lattice photonic crystal etched into a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure waveguide. We make use of the internal probe technique by selectively exciting the photoluminescence of InAs dots embedded in the planar waveguide. We collect at the nearby cleaved edge the fundamental mode transmitted through the channel waveguides. From the study of a number of basic cases, we exemplify how one may deduce the main guideline design rules for given cavity-guide interaction mechanisms and then for the implementations of functions such as bending and filtering. In particular, the role of the so-called ministopband (MSB) feature of the waveguide and the nature of the cavity modes involved are outlined.
Effective density and atomic number determined from diffraction profiles (2006)

X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles are conventionally used to determine lattice spacings via Bragg's law in order to characterize crystalline materials. It does not appear to be widely known that they also permit compositional information, such as effective atomic number and a density descriptor, to be determined from materials having little or no crystal structure. A ratio method is introduced that relates x-ray scatter intensities in two adjacent momentum transfer bands of the diffraction profile corresponding to the "tip" region of the primary x-ray spectrum. It is shown that this ratio depends on the effective atomic number, Z, of the scattering sample. Conversely, Z may be derived from measurement of the ratio. Error sources in this ratio method are briefly analyzed. Once Z is known, the IAM (independent atom model) cross section can be extrapolated from the high momentum transfer region to lower values, where molecular interference effects manifest themselves in the XRD profile. This procedure enables the molecular interference function, <i>s(x)</i>, to be determined. On the assumption that the structure of liquids and amorphous materials can be represented by the hard sphere (HS) model, the packing fraction, η, of atoms in the scattering sample can be ascertained from the second moment of <i>s(x)</i>. The effective atomic number, Z and the density descriptor, η, usefully complement information provided by more traditional material analysis techniques based on XRD profiles.
Reliability analysis of GaAs/AlGaAs HBTs under forward current/temperature stress (2002)

The reliability of GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors is investigated by accelerated life-testing of discrete devices under forward bias stress at elevated temperatures. The DC device characteristics are monitored to evaluate the effect of bias/temperature stress on a large number of devices fabricated on MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) grown material. The primary degradation observed in some devices is a reduction in the current gain which appears to be due to an electric field-aided diffusion of interstitial Be from the base into the base-emitter graded region. Other devices with optimal epitaxial material show stable current gain after DC bias stress at high temperature. Ohmic contact degradation, with or without bias, is also observed at the emitter contact, resulting in an increased emitter series resistance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of Chemically Bonded Composites (1970)

The effect of chemical bonding between phases of a glass matrix‐metal composite on strength and fracture behavior was investigated. When no chemical bonding occurs, strengthening can be achieved through the mechanical formation of an interface between the dispersant and matrix. Even greater strengthening can be obtained by the formation of a chemical bond. Strengthening occurs by the limitation of the Griffith flaw size and is controlled by micromechanical stress concentrations developed on loading. Internal stresses developed on cooling from the fabrication temperature control the path of fracture. A chemical bond counteracts the micromechanical stress concentration and therefore increases the strength.
Mechanisms for increased adenylate cyclase responsiveness to TSH in neoplastic human thyroid tissue (1984)

Abstract We have previously examined TSH receptors and adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in normal and neoplastic human thyroid tissue. We found only minor differences in the affinity and capacity of the TSH receptor between the normal and neoplastic tissue, and yet there was a five‐fold greater AC responsiveness in the neoplastic thyroid tissue. To determine why there was a greater AC responsiveness to TSH in most differentiated thyroid neoplasms, we probed the receptor‐cyclase unit which consists of at least 3 classes of components: the receptor (R), the guanyl nucleotide regulatory unit (G), and the catalytic unit (C). The G unit binds GTP and forms a link between R and C. We studied the effects of TSH, Gpp(NH)p (a non‐hydrolyzable GTP analog) and sodium fluoride (NaF) (which act on G), and forskolin (which acts on C) on the receptor‐cyclase unit. The results of these studies demonstrate that: (a) there was a greater AC response to TSH (5/6), Gpp(NH)p (3/5), and NaF (5/6) in T than N; (b) the AC response to forskolin was comparable in T and N in 5/6 patients and higher in T in 1 patient; (c) Gpp(NH)p, NaF, and forskolin all had an additive or synergistic effect when added to TSH in both N and T; (d) NaF and forskolin also had an additive or synergistic effect on AC, whereas Gpp(NH)p and forskolin together in N and Gpp(NH)p and NaF together in T caused a considerably less than additive AC response. These studies demonstrate that Gpp(NH)p, NaF, and forskolin at optimal concentrations have an additive effect on the AC response to TSH in both normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue and that the altered AC responsiveness to TSH in most, but not all, benign thyroid tumors and differentiated thyroid carcinomas appears to be secondary to an altered guanyl nucleotide regulatory protein.