gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Modification of Human Trabecular Meshwork with Lentiviral Vectors (2001)

Glaucoma, a group of optic neuropathies, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Neuronal apoptosis in glaucoma is primarily associated with high intraocular pressure caused by chronically impaired outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork, a reticulum of mitotically inactive endothelial-like cells located in the angle of the anterior chamber. Anatomic, genetic, and expression profiling data suggest the possibility of using gene transfer to treat glaucomatous intraocular pressure dysregulation, but this approach will require stable genetic modification of the differentiated aqueous outflow tract. We injected transducing unit-normalized preparations of either of two lentiviral vectors or an oncoretroviral vector as a single bolus into the aqueous circulation of cultured human donor eyes, under perfusion conditions that mimicked natural anterior chamber flow and maintained viability ex vivo. Reporter gene expression was assessed in trabecular meshwork from 3 to 16 days after infusion of 1.0 x 10(8) transducing units of each vector. The oncoretroviral vector failed to transduce the trabecular meshwork. In contrast, feline immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus vectors produced efficient, localized transduction of the trabecular meshwork in situ. The results demonstrate that lentiviral vectors permit efficient genetic modification of the human trabecular meshwork when delivered via the afferent aqueous circulation, a clinically accessible route. In addition, controlled comparisons in this study establish that feline and human immunodeficiency virus vectors are equivalently efficacious in delivering genes to this terminally differentiated human tissue.
Temperature compensation in piezoelectric energy harvesters using shape memory alloys (2011)

Harvested vibration energy is typically considered as an alternative power source for sensors' networks for health and usage monitoring in civil and mechanical structures. The longevity, and hence the efficacy, of these sensors is severely limited by the levels of generated power. Piezoelectric vibration harvesters have been widely used given their energy conversion ability and relatively high mechanical to electrical coupling properties. Several techniques can be applied to improve these properties and to cancel external environmental effects such as temperature variations. In this paper, the temperature compensation of the response characteristics of a bimorph cantilever Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric beam, through a combination with shape memory alloys, is studied. A mathematical model, based on onedimensional linear piezoelectricity equations and one dimensional constitutive behavior of shape memory alloys, is derived. The model describes the effect of temperature deviations on the theoretical harvestable energy levels as well as the compensation methodology. Proof of concept experimental results are also presented. The voltage response transfer functions are measured at different temperatures to show the induced effect by shape memory alloys.
Epitaxial Growth of 4H-SiC on (000-1) C-Face Substrates by Cold-Wall and Hot-Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition (2007)

Epitaxial layers have been grown on the (0001) C-face of 2- and 3-inch 4H-SiC wafers. Growth conditions like temperature, pressure, and C/Si ratio have been varied. In both systems smooth surface morphologies could be obtained. The main challenge of epitaxial growth on the Cface of 4H-SiC for electronic device applications seems to be the control of low doping concentration. High temperature and low pressure are the key parameters to reduce the nitrogen incorporation. The hot-wall CVD system used for these experiments allowed the application of higher temperatures and lower pressures than the cold-wall equipment. The lowest doping concentration of 2.5x1015 cm-3 has been achieved by hot-wall epitaxy using a temperature of 1625 °C, a system pressure of 50 hPa, a C/Si ratio of 1.4, and a growth rate of 6.5 2mh-1. Good doping homogeneity on 2-inch and 3-inch wafers could be achieved. For a doping level of ND-NA= 3×1015 cm-3 sigma is about 15%.
Engineering on-chip nanoporous gold material libraries via precision photothermal treatment (2015)

Libraries of nanostructured materials on a single chip are a promising platform for high throughput and combinatorial studies of structure-property relationships in the fields of physics and biology. Nanoporous gold (np-Au), produced by an alloy corrosion process, is a nanostructured material specifically suited for such studies because of its self-similar thermally induced coarsening behavior. However, traditional heat application techniques for the modification of np-Au are bulk processes that cannot be used to generate a library of different pore sizes on a single chip. Here, laser micro-processing offers an attractive solution to this problem by providing a means to apply energy with high spatial and temporal resolution. In the present study we use finite element multiphysics simulations to predict the effects of laser mode (continuous-wave vs. pulsed) and thermal conductivity of the supporting substrate on the local np-Au film temperatures during photothermal annealing. Based on these results we discuss the mechanisms by which the np-Au network is coarsened. Thermal transport simulations predict that continuous-wave mode laser irradiation of np-Au thin films on a silicon substrate supports the widest range of morphologies that can be created through photothermal annealing of np-Au. Using the guidance provided by simulations, we successfully fabricate an on-chip material library consisting of 81 np-Au samples of 9 different morphologies for use in the parallel study of structure-property relationships.
Electrophoretic karyotype and chromosome assignments for a pathogenic and a nonpathogenic strain of Entamoeba histolytica (1993)

The electrophoretic karyotypes of a pathogenic and a nonpathogenic strain of Entamoeba histolytica were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A number of previously isolated genes were assigned to specific chromosomal bands. Significant differences between the chromosomal patterns of these strains as well as in the assignment of most genes were found.
High Bandwidth GaN-Based Micro-LEDs for Multi-Gb/s Visible Light Communications (2016)

Gallium-nitride (GaN)-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are highly efficient sources for general purpose illumination. Visible light communications (VLC) uses these sources to supplement existing wireless communications by offering a large, licence-free region of optical spectrum. Here, we report on progress in the development of micro-scale GaN LEDs (micro-LEDs), optimized for VLC. These blue-emitting micro-LEDs are shown to have very high electrical-to-optical modulation bandwidths, exceeding 800 MHz. The data transmission capabilities of the micro-LEDs are illustrated by demonstrations using ON–OFF-keying, pulse-amplitude modulation, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation schemes to transmit data over free space at the rates of 1.7, 3.4, and 5 Gb/s, respectively.
UV curing of epoxy functional hybrid silicones (2012)

Abstract Several epoxy difunctional hybrid alkylene‐silicone telomers with different silicone characters and organic spacers (linkers) were prepared via the platinum‐catalyzed polyhydrosilylation of α,ω‐dihydrosiloxanes and α,ω‐dienes. Thereafter, the resulting SiH‐terminated prepolymers were terminally functionalized with 4‐vinyl‐1,2‐epoxycyclohexane or allyl glycidyl ether. In the presence of a lipophilic cationic photoinitiator, the terminally epoxy‐functionalized hybrid alkylene–silicone telomers were photopolymerized to give crosslinked, soft, elastomeric, and transparent films. The progress of the photoinitiated cationic ring‐opening epoxide polymerizations was monitored using optical pyrometry. Potential applications for these novel photocurable epoxy‐functional telomers are as modifiers for UV curable coatings, printing inks, adhesives, and release coatings. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Refractive indices of orthorhombic KNbO_3 I Dispersion and temperature dependence (1992)

We have measured the refractive indices of potassium niobate in the orthorhombic phase at six different temperatures between 22 and 180°C in the wavelength range 400–3400 nm. Sellmeier coefficients are determined by using a two-term oscillator model with an IR correction term. The temperature-dependent spontaneous polarization and the quadratic polarization optical coefficients are obtained from the index data. For practical purposes the temperature dependence can be well approximated by a polynomial expansion of degree 2.
Prioritizing test cases for regression testing (2001)

Test case prioritization techniques schedule test cases for execution in an order that attempts to increase their effectiveness at meeting some performance goal. Various goals are possible; one involves rate of fault detection, a measure of how quickly faults are detected within the testing process. An improved rate of fault detection during testing can provide faster feedback on the system under test and let software engineers begin correcting faults earlier than might otherwise be possible. One application of prioritization techniques involves regression testing, the retesting of software following modifications; in this context, prioritization techniques can take advantage of information gathered about the previous execution of test cases to obtain test case orderings. We describe several techniques for using test execution information to prioritize test cases for regression testing, including: 1) techniques that order test cases based on their total coverage of code components; 2) techniques that order test cases based on their coverage of code components not previously covered; and 3) techniques that order test cases based on their estimated ability to reveal faults in the code components that they cover. We report the results of several experiments in which we applied these techniques to various test suites for various programs and measured the rates of fault detection achieved by the prioritized test suites, comparing those rates to the rates achieved by untreated, randomly ordered, and optimally ordered suites.
Liang Shuming and the Emergence of 20Th-Century new Confucianism (1993)

(1993). Liang Shuming and the Emergence of 20Th-Century new Confucianism. Chinese Historians: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 1-26.
Oxynitride Glasses (1986)

Gallium is a metal that literally melts in your hand. It has low toxicity, near-zero vapor pressure, and a viscosity similar to water. Despite possessing a surface tension larger than any other liquid (near room temperature), gallium can form nonspherical ...Read More
Encoding word order in complex embeddings (2019)

Sequential word order is important when processing text. Currently, neural networks (NNs) address this by modeling word position using position embeddings. The problem is that position embeddings capture the position of individual words, but not the ordered relationship (e.g., adjacency or precedence) between individual word positions. We present a novel and principled solution for modeling both the global absolute positions of words and their order relationships. Our solution generalizes word embeddings, previously defined as independent vectors, to continuous word functions over a variable (position). The benefit of continuous functions over variable positions is that word representations shift smoothly with increasing positions. Hence, word representations in different positions can correlate with each other in a continuous function. The general solution of these functions is extended to complex-valued domain due to richer representations. We extend CNN, RNN and Transformer NNs to complex-valued versions to incorporate our complex embedding (we make all code available). Experiments on text classification, machine translation and language modeling show gains over both classical word embeddings and position-enriched word embeddings. To our knowledge, this is the first work in NLP to link imaginary numbers in complex-valued representations to concrete meanings (i.e., word order).
Physical layer security from inter-session interference in large wireless networks (2012)

Physical layer secrecy in wireless networks in the presence of eavesdroppers of unknown location is considered. In contrast to prior schemes, which have expended energy in the form of cooperative jamming to enable secrecy, we develop schemes where multiple transmitters send their signals in a cooperative fashion to confuse the eavesdroppers. Hence, power is not expended on “artificial noise”; rather, the signal of a given transmitter is protected by the aggregate interference produced by the other transmitters. We introduce a two-hop strategy for the case of equal path-loss between all pairs of nodes, and then consider its embedding within a multi-hop approach for the general case of an extended network. In each case, we derive an achievable number of eavesdroppers that can be present in the region while secure communication between all sources and intended destinations is ensured.
Utilizing jump flooding in image-based soft shadows (2006)

This paper studies the usage of the GPU as a collection of groups of related processing units, where each group communicates in some way to complete a computation efficiently and effectively. In particular, we use the GPU to perform jump flooding to pass information among groups of processing units in the design of two simple real-time soft shadow algorithms. These two algorithms are purely image-based in generating plausible soft shadows. Their computational costs depend mainly on the resolution of the shadow map or the screen. They run on an order of magnitude faster than existing comparable methods.
Complement activation contributes to leukocyte recruitment and neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury in rats (2007)

Complement activation triggers inflammation and has been implicated in neurological diseases associated with pain. However, the role of complement in neuropathic pain has not been clearly defined. In this study, we tested whether complement is activated by partial ligation of the rat sciatic nerve, a widely used model of neuropathic pain, and whether complement activation or inhibition in peripheral nerve influences leukocyte recruitment and neuropathic pain. We found that C3 deposition significantly increased from 6 h to 7 days in the injured nerve and was associated with the extent of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. However, no deposition of the membrane attack complex was detected. Complement activation by endoneurial injection of aggregated rat immunoglobulin G into normal sciatic nerve produced significant thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia of the ipsilateral hindpaw at 2-7 days after injection. This was accompanied by increased deposition of C3 and recruitment of macrophages at 7 days following injection. Complement inhibition using systemic injections of soluble complement receptor 1 (AVANT Immunotherapeutics, Inc., Needham, USA) into rats markedly suppressed C3 deposition and T-cell and macrophage recruitment to the injured nerve, and produced significant alleviation of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. These results demonstrate that C3 activation in the nerve contributes to increased infiltration of inflammatory cells and to neuropathic pain behaviors following peripheral nerve injury. Complement inhibition may be a potential therapeutic treatment for neuropathic pain.
Cellular and Behavioral Effects of Stilbene Resveratrol Analogues: Implications for Reducing the Deleterious Effects of Aging (2008)

Research suggests that polyphenolic compounds contained in fruits and vegetables that are rich in color may have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present studies determined if stilbene (e.g., resveratrol) compounds would be efficacious in reversing the deleterious effects of aging in 19 month old Fischer 344 rats. Experiment I utilized resveratrol and six resveratrol analogues and examined their efficacies in preventing dopamine-induced decrements in calcium clearance following oxotremorine-induced depolarization in COS-7 cells transfected with M1 muscarinic receptors (MAChR) that we have shown previously to be sensitive to oxidative stressors. Experiment II utilized the most efficacious analogue (pterostilbene) from experiment I and fed aged rats a diet with a low (0.004%) or a high (0.016%) concentration of pterostilbene. Results indicated that pterostilbene was effective in reversing cognitive behavioral deficits, as well as dopamine release, and working memory was correlated with pterostilbene levels in the hippocampus.
Effect of solder joint geometry on the predicted fatigue life of BGA solder joints (2002)

A general computational approach to determine the effect of solder joint shape on the fatigue life is presented. Using the integrated matrix creep failure metric, a number of cases are considered wherein the solder volume, standoff height, or both, are varied and the joint life computed. Both volumetric and interface averaging of the matrix creep are considered. For non-mask defined pads, the greater the solder volume, the higher the life; for mask defined pads, the reverse trend was observed.
All-optical wavelength conversion and regeneration (2004)

This paper reviews opportunities and challenges of all-optical devices for transparent networks. Trends and latest all-optical regeneration and wavelength conversion techniques are discussed with an emphasis on devices exploiting semiconductor optical amplifier nonlinearities.
Metabolism of naphthalene by pseudomonads: salicylaldehyde as the first possible inducer in the metabolic pathway (1980)

Pseudomonas ATCC 17483 produced enzymes for naphthalene metabolism when growing in a medium containing succinate and naphthalene. Mutants for naphthalene metabolism produced by treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine were able to produce these enzymes only when the metabolic pathway was intact as far as salicylaldehyde, which was therefore identified as the first possible inducer.
Urinary cytokines: clinically useful markers of chronic renal disease progression? (2001)

Many factors that drive glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrogenesis have been identified. These include hemodynamic factors, chemokines, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and lipids. These strides in knowledge are important in identifying those patients at increased risk of progressive renal disease as well as in developing targets for therapeutic interventions. Identifying 'progressors' is crucial since the distribution of the slope of the glomerular filtration rate of patients with chronic kidney disease is not normal. Some patients appear to progress very rapidly, such as those with diabetes, whereas other patients fail to progress at all. Developing strategies targeted at identifying the fast from the slow progressors is therefore of paramount importance if we are to deploy resources rationally in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease. The use of urinary cytokine markers as predictors of progression of renal disease is reviewed in this paper.
A vertically integrated and interoperable multi-vendor synthesis flow for predictable noc design in nanoscale technologies (2014)

We deliver a design flow for the synthesis and convergence of application-specific networks-on-chip. The flow comes with novel features that can better address nanoscale design challenges: front-end driven floorplanning, dynamic IR-drop minimization, fast and accurate system-level power grid modeling, predictable link design. Above all, such features are addressed by different prototype engines, even from different vendors, that can be smoothly integrated into the flow by means of a common specification format called Communication Exchange Format (CEF), that enables unprecedented tool interactions. This flow is validated by means of an extensive demonstration framework.
Theoretical determination of the current density distributions in human vertebral bodies during electrical stimulation (1990)

Electrical stimulation with a 60 kHz sinewave input signal, supplied via external plate electrodes on the skin surface, is presently being studied as a treatment for human systemic osteoporosis. In this paper, Maxwell's equations were solved for voltage and current density values at nodal points in a three-dimensional, anatomically-based, finite element grid model of the human trunk constructed from T5 to L5. Based on the dose response results from Luessenhop's castrated Sprague Dawley breeder rat experiment and our theoretical determination, the magnitude of the input current to the electrodes necessary to induce a response in the human vertebral body was determined. Four different electrode systems in current clinical use were evaluated, and the optimal input current determined. In addition, the effect of subcutaneous fat was studied.
Trans-acting regulatory mutations that alter transcription of Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone genes. (1987)

Using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain containing an integrated copy of an H2A-lacZ fusion gene, we screened for mutants which overexpressed beta-galactosidase as a way to identify genes which regulate transcription of the histone genes. Five recessive mutants with this phenotype were shown to contain altered regulatory genes because they had lost repression of HTA1 transcription which occurs upon inhibition of chromosome replication (D. E. Lycan, M. A. Osley, and L. Hereford, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:614-621, 1987). Periodic transcription was affected in the mutants as well, since the HTA1 gene was transcribed during the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle, periods in the cell cycle when this gene is normally not expressed. A similar loss of cell cycle-dependent transcription was noted for two of the three remaining histone loci, while the HO and CDC9 genes continued to be expressed periodically. Using isolated promoter elements inserted into a heterologous cycl-lacZ fusion gene, we demonstrated that the mutations fell in genes which acted through a negative site in the TRT1 H2A-H2B promoter.
An improved two-way partitioning algorithm with stable performance (VLSI) (1991)

A two-way partitioning algorithm is presented that significantly improves on the highly unstable results typically obtained from the traditional Kernighan-Lin-based algorithms. The algorithm groups highly connected components into clusters and rearranges the clusters into two final subsets with specified sizes. It is known that the grouping operations reduce the complexity, and thus improve the results, of partitioning very large circuits. However, if the grouping is inappropriate, the partitioning results may degenerate. To prevent degeneration, a ratio cut approach is used to do the grouping. By a series of experiments based on the tradeoff between cut weight and CPU time, the value which controls the resultant number of groups is determined. Good experimental results have been observed for cut weight and CPU time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>