gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual MR arthroscopy: New insights into joint morphology (1999)

Evaluation of the feasibility of virtual magnetic resonance (MR) arthroscopy was performed on 10 patients referred for MR arthrography of the shoulder, the elbow, or the knee. A fast spoiled contrast-enhanced three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence was combined with image postprocessing to render arthroscopic views. Virtual MR arthroscopy was successfully demonstrated in all 10 joints. Determination of added diagnostic benefit will require further study. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;9:757–760. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Log-based indexing to improve web site search (2007)

Despite the success of global search engines, web site search is still problematic in its retrieval accuracy. In this paper, we try to improve the performance of the site search by combining a new source of evidence from web server logs. We propose a novel approach of using server log analysis to extract terms to build the web page index. Then, this log-based index is combined with the text-based and anchor-based index to provide a more complete view on the page content. Experiments have shown that it could improve the effectiveness of the web site search significantly.
Detection of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> in grapevine cuttings<sup>1</sup> (1987)

Crown gall is the most important bacterial disease of grapevine and is primarily associated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar 3. The systemic distribution of the agrobacteria in grapevine requires the checking of nursery propagation material to reveal their presence in the xylem vessels. The methods adopted to demonstrate systemic survival are quite lengthy and, thus, this study aimed to develop a serological sampling procedure to rapidly detect A. tumefaciens in xylem extracts, obtained by vacuum extraction with suitable washing fluid, from asymptomatic one year‐old dormant grape cuttings. The suspension was centrifuged and the final concentrate used for immunofluorescence staining. The sensitivity threshold of the vacuum washing system and the effectiveness of the detection method were experimentally evaluated. The antiserum specificity was tested in a comparative study with a collection of A. tumefaciens strains from grapevine and other common grapevine contaminants. The vacuum washing system is discussed as an indexing tool in a much hoped for certification programme.
Generation of microwave oscillations in a current-driven magnetic nanocontact with ferroelectric and multiferroic junction (2016)

In this work the generation of the microwave oscillations by multilayered structure, which consists of two nanosized ferromagnetic layers La <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sub> Sr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sub> MnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LSMO) and Au separated by barrier multiferroic layer (2nm thickness) La <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.1</sub> Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.9</sub> MnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LBMO) mediated by dc-current, is considered. The proposed approach is based on the macrospin approximation and spin-wave analysis of the magnetization. We find the main characteristics of the spintronic microwave oscillator - the output power and generation frequency. We discuss the recent demonstrations of giant resistive switching observed in ferroelectric tunnel junctions and its potential applications in microwave generation. Summary the main result, that we find in our work, that the output power of the multiferroic tunnel-junction spin-torque nanooscillator is near tens of milliwatts, which is quite enough for teleccomunication applications of these samples.
Deep-learning-based ghost imaging (2017)

In this manuscript, we propose a novel framework of computational ghost imaging, i.e., ghost imaging using deep learning (GIDL). With a set of images reconstructed using traditional GI and the corresponding ground-truth counterparts, a deep neural network was trained so that it can learn the sensing model and increase the quality image reconstruction. Moreover, detailed comparisons between the image reconstructed using deep learning and compressive sensing shows that the proposed GIDL has a much better performance in extremely low sampling rate. Numerical simulations and optical experiments were carried out for the demonstration of the proposed GIDL.
Gift (2018)

The gift has long interested anthropologists, who have defined and interpreted it in various ways. The predominant approach to the gift draws on the work of Mauss, which describes the gift, gift relations, and societies of the gift. In such relations, people are obliged to give gifts, to receive them, and to reciprocate with a return gift. Anthropological work on the gift has addressed a variety of topics. These include the basis of social groups and structures, the nature of personal relationships, and the relationships between people and different aspects of their world. Much of this work draws on a contrast between gift relationships and the commodity relationships that are common in socioeconomic systems with developed capitalist markets.
Blockade of CD40‐CD40 ligand pathway induces tolerance in murine contact hypersensitivity (1997)

Interactions between CD40 on antigen-presenting cells and its ligand (CD40L) on T cells has been implicated in T cell-mediated immune responses. Previously, we have shown that contact hypersensitivity (CHS), a cell-mediated cutaneous immune response in reaction to haptens, could be subclassified based on whether the hapten primed for Th1 or Th2 cytokines in cells isolated from draining lymph nodes. We also found that tolerance to a Th2-priming hapten could be induced only by simultane blockade of the CD40-CD40L and B7-CD28 at the time of sensitization. Here we demonstrate that blockade of CD40-CD40L signaling alone induces long-lasting unresponsiveness to the Th1 hapten 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), and inhibits antigen-specific T cell proliferation in vitro. We find that CD40-CD40L signaling is required in the sensitization but not elicitation phase of DNFB-induced CHS, as treatment of mice with anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody (mAb) does not affect the response to hapten challenge in previously sensitized and untreated animals. Examination of cytokine production shows that anti-CD40L mAb decreases interferon-gamma production by draining lymph node cells from DNFB-sensitized mice, and reciprocally increases interleukin (IL)-4 production. Consistent with this Th1 to Th2 immune deviation, anti-CD40L mAb prevents the induction of IL-12 mRNA in regional lymph nodes, an event which is normally seen within 12 h following hapten sensitization. In contrast, suppression of CHS by CTLA4Ig decreased the production of all cytokines by draining lymph node cells. Together, these data show that blockade of the CD40-CD40L pathway by itself is sufficient to induce tolerance to DNFB-induced CHS, and that this is associated with blockade of IL-12 induction and Th1 to Th2 immune deviation.
Reversal of Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells by Transglutaminase 2 Inhibition and Nuclear Factor-κB Inactivation (2006)

Abstract Induction of transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human breast cancer cells increases their oncogenic potential and chemoresistance. The role of TGase 2 in the development of these tumor-related phenotypes remains to be elucidated, but it has been shown that expression of a dominant-negative form of TGase 2 reverses EGF-mediated chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. We examined several different breast cancer cell lines, representing both EGF receptor (EGFR)-positive and EGFR-negative breast cancers, and found that doxorubicin-resistant cells had a higher level of TGase 2 compared with doxorubicin-sensitive cells independent of the EGFR expression level. TGase 2 inhibition increased the chemosensitivity of drug-resistant cells, concomitant with a decrease in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. Increasing the level of TGase 2 in drug-sensitive cells by transient transfection reduced the level of inhibitory subunit α of NF-κB (IκBα) and increased NF-κB activity in these cells. Inhibition of TGase 2 in drug-resistant cells by RNA interference increased the levels of IκBα, and this correlated with a shift in the accumulation of NF-κB from the nucleus to the cytosol. We recently showed that TGase 2 activated NF-κB through polymerization and depletion of free IκBα during inflammation. Therefore, increased expression of TGase 2 and subsequent activation of NF-κB may contribute to drug resistance in breast cancer cells independently of EGF signaling. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 10936-43)
Studies on the Proteolytic Enzymes of Black<i>Aspergilli</i> (1956)

A new proteolytic enzyme was obtained from Black Aspergillus. The pH, optimal for milk casein digestion by this enzyme lies in the region of 2.5-3.0. The crystallization of this enzyme from Aspergillus Saitoi is described here. Many properties of crystalline Aspergillus Saitoi proteinase have been studied. This enzyme is not a “metal protein” and its behavior towards several inhibitors resembles that of pepsin. The characterization of crystalline Aspergillus Saitoi proteinase by the use of some synthetic peptides and their derivatives was performed. The enzyme possesses a characteristic substrate specificity which different from other known proteinases.
Water Splitting on Semiconductor Catalysts under Visible‐Light Irradiation (2009)

Sustainable hydrogen production is a key target for the development of alternative, future energy systems that will provide a clean and affordable energy supply. The Sun is a source of silent and precious energy that is distributed fairly all over the Earth daily. However, its tremendous potential as a clean, safe, and economical energy source cannot be exploited unless the energy is accumulated or converted into more useful forms. The conversion of solar energy into hydrogen via the water-splitting process, assisted by photo-semiconductor catalysts, is one of the most promising technologies for the future because large quantities of hydrogen can potentially be generated in a clean and sustainable manner. This Minireview provides an overview of the principles, approaches, and research progress on solar hydrogen production via the water-splitting reaction on photo-semiconductor catalysts. It presents a survey of the advances made over the last decades in the development of catalysts for photochemical water splitting under visible-light irradiation. The Minireview also analyzes the energy requirements and main factors that determine the activity of photocatalysts in the conversion of water into hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight. Remarkable progress has been made since the pioneering work by Fujishima and Honda in 1972, but he development of photocatalysts with improved efficiencies for hydrogen production from water using solar energy still faces major challenges. Research strategies and approaches adopted in the search for active and efficient photocatalysts, for example through new materials and synthesis methods, are presented and analyzed.
The Adrenal Secretory Serine Protease AsP Is a Short Secretory Isoform of the Transmembrane Airway Trypsin-Like Protease (2003)

To further elucidate the role of proteases capable of cleaving N-terminal proopiomelanocortin (N-POMC)-derived peptides, we have cloned two cDNAs encoding isoforms of the airway trypsin-like protease (AT) from mouse (MAT) and rat (RAT), respectively. The open reading frames comprise 417 amino acids (aa) and 279 aa. The mouse AT gene was located at chromosome 5E1 and contains 10 exons. The longer isoform, which we designated MAT1 and RAT1, has a simple type II transmembrane protein structure, consisting of a short cytoplasmic domain, a transmembrane domain, a SEA (63-kDa sea urchin sperm protein, enteropeptidase, agrin) module, and a serine protease domain. The human homolog of MAT1 and RAT1 is the human AT (HAT). The shorter isoform, designated MAT2 and RAT2, which contains an alternative N terminus, was formerly described in the rat as adrenal secretory serine protease (AsP) and has been shown to be involved in the processing of N-POMC-derived peptides. In contrast to the long isoform, neither MAT2 and RAT2 (AsP) contain a transmembrane domain nor a SEA domain but an N-terminal signal peptide to direct the enzyme to the secretory pathway. The C terminus, covering the catalytic triad, is identical in both isoforms. Immunohistochemically, MAT/RAT was predominantly expressed in tissues of the upper gastrointestinal and the respiratory tract-but also in the adrenal gland. Moreover, isoform-specific RT-PCR and quantitative PCR analysis revealed a complex expression pattern of the two isoforms with differences between mice and rats. These findings indicate a multifunctional role of these proteases beyond adrenal proliferation.
DJ1 expression downregulates in neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-MC) chronically exposed to HIV-1 and cocaine (2015)

This is the first study to establish that DJ1 expression level in the neuronal cells significantly decreased in presence of HIV-1 and/or cocaine indicating oxidative stress level of DA neurons.
Heterodimers of myogenic helix-loop-helix regulatory factors and E12 bind a complex element governing myogenic induction of the avian cardiac alpha-actin promoter. (1991)

Recent studies have shown that two genes regulating myogenesis (MyoD and myogenin) are coexpressed with cardiac alpha-actin during early stages of skeletal muscle development. Myogenin and MyoD are members of a family of regulatory proteins which share a helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif required for dimerization and DNA binding. Myogenin and MyoD form heterodimers with the ubiquitous HLH protein E12 which bind cis-acting DNA elements that have an E box (CANNTG) at their core. E boxes are present in the control regions of numerous muscle-specific genes, although their functional importance in regulating many of these genes has not yet been evaluated. In this report we examine the possibility that myogenin (or MyoD) directly transactivates the cardiac alpha-actin promoter. Heterodimers of myogenin and E12 (or MyoD and E12) specifically bound a restriction fragment extending from -200 to -103 relative to the start of cardiac alpha-actin transcription. Methylation interference footprints pinpointed the site of interaction to an E box immediately adjacent to a previously identified CArG box (CArG3). Site-directed mutations to the DNA-binding site revealed that either an intact E box or an intact CArG3 is required for induction of the cardiac alpha-actin promoter in myoblasts and for transactivation by myogenin in cotransfected fibroblasts. However, deletion and substitution experiments indicate that the complex E box/CArG3 element alone does not confer muscle-specific expression to a minimal promoter. These results suggest that direct and indirect pathways involving multiple cis-acting elements mediate the induction of the cardiac alpha-actin promoter by myogenin and MyoD.
Design of spherical meanderline antennas (2011)

We present a new study of an electrically small spherical antenna with Q approaching the lower bound. The structure is a natural successor to earlier work by some of the present authors and is designed to excite the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> spherical mode for minimum Q. This new topology consists of meanderline arms entirely conformal to a spherical surface, facilitated by a precise conformal printing technique. Measurements of some antenna prototypes are presented in [2] but without a complete discussion of the electromagnetic design considerations. Here, we discuss details of the design parameters, material choices and a technique for mitigating the excitation of higher order modes which disrupt the impedance behavior of the structure. The presentation will include measured results of antennas at several different electrical sizes printed on both the concave and convex surface of a hemisphere.
Synthesis of 7-Methyl-4-substituted-5,6,7 ,8- tetrahydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as Antimicrobial Agents (1991)

Department of Chemistry, G. N. Khalsa College, Bombay-400 019 Department of Chemistry. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay-400 076 <em>Manuscript received 12 February 1990, revised 5 October 1990, accepted 7 March 1991</em> Synthesis of 7-Methyl-4-substituted-5,6,7 ,8- tetrahydrobenzo[<em>b</em>]thieno[2,3-<em>d</em>]pyrimidines as Antimicrobial Agents.
Biological activity of partially purified digitalis-like substance and Na-K-ATPase inhibitor in rats. (1988)

In order to study the biological activity of endogenous digitalis-like substance (DLS) and Na-K-ATPase inhibitor (ATPI), human urine was partially purified and administered to rats, and its effects on the urinary volume, urinary Na excretion and blood pressure (BP) were determined. In addition, the effect on myocardial Na-K-ATPase activity was also measured. After the extraction of 40L of urine with a reversed phase cartridge column (S-fraction), 20 ml of chloroform was added and extraction was repeated. The chloroform layer was applied to an open silica gel column, and at a fraction with ethylacetate: methanol (60: 40, T-1 fraction), DLS and ATPI were eluted at the highest concentration. The water layer was treated with charcoal (D-1 fraction). The acute administration of K-1, T-1 fraction to rats in vivo caused significant rises in urinary volume, urinary Na excretion and BP. In chronic administration of K-1 fraction, urinary Na excretion was significantly elevated and myocardial Na-K-ATPase activity was also significantly suppressed. These results suggest that DLS and ATPI cause increase in the urinary volume and urinary Na excretion and also possess a hypertensive action; and moreover, these substance may affect the heart like cardiotonic steroids and regulate BP by increasing cardiac contractility.
Crosstalking between Androgen and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer Cells (2014)

Both androgen action and PI3K medicated signaling pathways have been implicated in prostate tumorigenesis. Our androgen receptor (AR) conditional transgenic mice developed murine prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN) and prostatic adenocarcinoma lesions recapitulating human prostate cancer development and progression. Role of transgenic AR contributing to malignancy was demonstrated by high degree of transgenic AR expression in atypical and tumor cells in mPIN as well as prostatic adenocarcinoma lesions of the transgenic mice, but not in adjacent normal tissue. Interestingly, reduced PI3K/Akt activation also appeared in these mouse atypical and tumor cells, suggesting an interaction between androgen and PI3K/AKT pathways. In this study, we further investigated this interaction. We showed that the androgen depletion or knockdown of AR expression results in elevated levels of active phosphorylated AKT in prostate cancer cells. Castration of conditional Pten knock-out mice showed increased Akt, phosphorylated Akt, and pS6 expression in the mouse prostate. Using a series of newly generated Ar reporter and Pten knock-out compound mice, we showed that Pten loss directly represses endogenous Ar expression in prostatic epithelial cells. Moreover, Pten loss and PI3K/Akt activation reduced Ar-mediated transcription in purified Pten-null cells. This study provides novel evidence demonstrating interplay between androgen and PI3K pathways, as well as introduces unique and relevant mouse models for further studies of PI3K and AR pathways in the context of prostate tumorigenesis.
Platinum Resistance: The Role of DNA Repair Pathways (2008)

Although platinum chemotherapeutic agents such as carboplatin, cisplatin, and oxaliplatin are used to treat a broad range of malignant diseases, their efficacy in most cancers is limited by the development of resistance. There are multiple factors that contribute to platinum resistance but alterations of DNA repair processes have been known for some time to be important in mediating resistance. Recently acquired knowledge has provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of DNA repair pathways and their effect on response to chemotherapy. This review will discuss the most important DNA repair pathways known to be involved in the platinum response, i.e., nucleotide excision repair (NER) and mismatch repair (MMR), and will briefly touch on the role of BRCA in DNA repair. The therapeutic implications of alterations in DNA repair which affect response to platinum in the treatment of patients with malignant disease, such as excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) deficiency and mismatch repair deficiency, will be reviewed.
Nouveaux Dispositifs de Spectroscopie à Grande Luminosité (1960)

Les trois dispositifs décrits ici permettent, lorsque le bruit de photons n'est pas prépondérant, d'effectuer une analyse spectrale avec une luminosité très supérieure à celle d'un spectromètre à fentes. Le premier dispositif est un interféromètre à polarisation adapté à la spectroscopie par la méthode de la transformée de Fourier. Il est très lumineux et d'un emploi commode mais ne permet pas d'atteindre un pouvoir de résolution très élevé. Avec les deux autres dispositifs, le spectre est obtenu directement, sans calcul a postériori. D'autre part, la disposition générale des appareils à fentes est conservée. L'idée commune aux deux dispositifs est de remplacer les fentes d'entrée et de sortie par deux systèmes, images l'un de l'autre à travers l'appareil, constitués de fentes multiples, de largeurs inégales et séparées par des intervalles inégaux. L'élément spectral privilégié qui fournit de l'organe d'entrée une image superposée à l'organe de sortie est ‘filtré’ par l'organe de sortie, grâce à une propriété particulière qui le rend identifiable. L'un des dispositifs (spectromètre à compensateurs) réalise une modulation sélective de cet élément spectral. Dans l'autre dispositif (spectromètre à grilles) le signal correspondant à cet élément spectral est donné par la différence des flux transmis et réfléchi par l'organe de sortie. Les principes de ces trois dispositifs ont été vérifiés expérimentalement.
A multistep adhesion cascade for lymphoid progenitor cell homing to the thymus (2006)

Homing of bone marrow (BM)-derived progenitors to the thymus is essential for T cell development. We have previously reported that two subpopulations of common lymphoid progenitors, CLP-1 and CLP-2, coexist in the BM and give rise to lymphocytes. We demonstrate that CLP-2 migrate to the thymus more efficiently than any other BM-derived progenitors. Short-term adoptive transfer experiments revealed that CLP-2 homing involves P-selectin/P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 interactions, pertussis toxin-sensitive chemoattractant signaling by CC chemokine ligand 25 through CC chemokine receptor 9, and binding of the integrins alpha4beta1 and alphaLbeta2 to their respective ligands, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Preferential thymus-tropism of CLP-2 correlated with higher chemokine receptor 9 expression than on other BM progenitors. Thus, CLP access to the thymus is controlled by a tissue-specific and subset-selective multistep adhesion cascade.