gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A stereocontrolled synthesis of dl-biflora-4,10(19),15-triene (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA stereocontrolled synthesis of dl-biflora-4,10(19),15-trieneKathlyn A. Parker and James G. FarmarCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 21, 4023–4028Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00371a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00371a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An Atlas of Endometriosis (1992)

PrefaceAcknowledgementsA REVIEW OF ENDOMETRIOSISIntroductionEpidemiologyEtiology: Factors Involved in PathogenesisConclusionBasic Science of EndometriosisThe Endometriotic ImplantCyclical ChangesSteroid ReceptorsThe Immune SystemThe Peritoneal EnvironmentProstaglandinsCytokines and Growth FactorsClinical FeaturesThe Natural History of EndometriosisEndometriosis and InfertilityEndocrine AbnormalitiesAdverse Factors in the Peritoneal FluidImmune AbnormalitiesAbnormal OocytesSpontaneous AbortionsExperimental Endometriosis in AnimalsImpact Of Endometriosis Treatment on Future FertilityClinical SymptomsEndometriosis and PainDiagnosisIntroductionClinical FindingsSerum MarkersRadiologic Appearances of EndometriosisClassificationLaparoscopic AppearancesTypes of ImplantsEvolution of ImplantsInfiltrating ImplantsImportance of Adequate Laparoscopic ExaminationHistologic FeaturesOvarian EndometriosisSuperficial EndometriosisDeep Endometriosis of the Ovary: EndometriomaHistologic Features of Ovarian EndometriomaFormation of EndometriomasExtrapelvic EndometriosisMedical TreatmentIntroductionGestogens and AntigestogensDanazolGonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone AnalogsThe Combined Oral Contraceptive PillThe Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine SystemSurgical TreatmentIntroductionCombination Medical and Surgical TreatmentInfertility Associated with EndometriosisRecurrent EndometriosisENDOMETRIOSIS ILLUSTRATEDIndex
How strict is the correlation between STIM1 and Orai1 expression, puncta formation, and<i>I</i><sub>CRAC</sub>activation? (2008)

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1 have been identified as crucial elements of the store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) pathway, but the mechanism of their functional interaction remains controversial. It is now well established that, upon depletion of the stores, both molecules can accumulate and colocalize in specific areas (puncta) where the endoplasmic reticulum comes in close proximity to the plasma membrane. Some models propose a direct interaction between STIM1 and Orai1 as the most straightforward mechanism for signal transduction from the stores to the plasma membrane. To test some of the predictions of a conformational coupling model, we assessed how tight the relationships are between STIM1 and Orai1 expression, puncta formation, and SOCE activation. Here we present evidence that STIM1 accumulates in puncta equally well in the presence or absence of Orai1 expression, that STIM1 accumulation is not sufficient for Orai1 accumulation in the same areas, and that normal Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) current (I(CRAC)) can be activated in STIM1-deficient cells. These data challenge the idea of direct conformational coupling between STIM1 and Orai1 as a viable mechanism of puncta formation and SOCE activation and uncover greater complexity in their relationship, which may require additional intermediate elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Pharmacology of Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Are Binary Copper Sulfides/Selenides Really New and Promising Thermoelectric Materials? (2014)

Copper sulfides and copper selenides have recently been reported as new and promising low‐cost and environmentally friendly thermoelectric materials. Here, it is shown that these materials have actually been studied for more than 190 years and the absence of commercial thermoelectric modules based on them stems from some major intrinsic issues related to these chalcogenides. Further development of these semiconductors will require addressing and solving these problems before large scale utilization can be considered.
Array redundancy for active line arrays (1996)

Active imaging arrays are used to image scenes composed of reflectors of transmitted radiation, and in many such applications, line arrays are employed. In this paper, we discuss scanned active line arrays for imaging based on image synthesis. We define the novel concept of array redundancy for active arrays, analogous to the well-known concept of redundancy applied to passive arrays, and we define and give examples of minimum redundancy and reduced redundancy line arrays composed of transmit/receive elements. Such arrays differ from their passive imaging counterparts both in geometry and in element count.
Transistor Effects and In Situ STM of Redox Molecules at Room Temperature (2005)

Inorganic transition metal complexes were identified as potential candidates for transistor-like behavior in an electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) configuration at room temperature. The theoretical background has been established based on condensed matter charge transfer theory. It predicts a distinct increase of the tunnelling current close to the equilibrium potential, i.e., if molecular bridge states are tuned into resonance with the Fermi levels of the enclosing electrodes. The complexes display robust electrochemistry on Au(111) electrode surfaces. STM images at molecular resolution reveal detailed information on their surface structure and scanning tunnelling spectroscopy experiments have shown clear evidence of transistor-like behavior.
Room-Temperature Growth of UV-Emitting Dendritic GaN Fractal Nanostructures Using Photochemical Vapor Deposition (2009)

A dendritic gallium nitride (GaN) structure was grown at room temperature using photochemical vapor deposition with trimethylgallium and ammonia as the source materials. The sample was investigated by a scanning electron microscope and photoluminescence (PL). Its morphology was evaluated using fractal analysis. The surface morphology of the deposited film had dendritic nanostructures similar in morphology to the diffusion-limited aggregation. Dendritic GaN had a strong PL spectrum with a peak energy of 3.55 eV at 5 K, indicating the quantum size effect. Using the box-counting method, the fractal dimension of the dendritic GaN nanostructure was calculated to be approximately 1.7.
Synthesis of ultrahigh molar mass, structural defects free poly(vinyl chloride) with high syndiotacticity and glass transition temperature by single electron transfer–degenerative chain transfer living radical polymerization (SET–DTLRP) (2005)

SET–DTLRP of VC initiated with CHI3 and catalyzed by Na2S2O4 in water at 21 °C produces ultrahigh molar mass poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). These PVCs with Mn of 160,000–200,000 have higher glass transition temperature and thermal stability than the highest molecular weight PVC that is commercially available (Mn = 113,000).
Camera calibration for miniature, low-cost, wide-angle imaging systems (2007)

This paper presents a new model and an extension to an existing algorithm for camera calibration. The main goal of the proposed approach is to calibrate miniature, low-cost, wide-angle fisheye lenses. The model has been verified with a calibration implementation and was tested on real data. Experiments show that the proposed model improves the accuracy compared to the original algorithm. Results show that the extension not only performs well with fisheye lenses but also with omnidirectional catad ioptric lenses as well as other less distorted dioptric lenses.
Peripheral Opioid Receptors (1995)

Recent experimental and clinical research has demonstrated that opioids can produce potent and receptor-specific analgesic effects outside the central nervous system. Opioid receptors are localized on peripheral terminals of sensory nerves and their endogenous ligands, opioid peptides, have been discovered in immune cells within inflamed tissue. Many controlled clinical studies confirm the experimental data. These findings open up the exciting perspective of the development of an entirely novel generation of peripherally active opioid analgesics devoid of centrally mediated side effects.
Neutral endopeptidase versus angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in essential hypertension (1995)

Neutral endopeptidase inhibition with sinorphan has a limited effect on blood pressure in hypertensive patients when given alone. However, simultaneous neutral endopeptidase and ACE inhibition induces a synergistic effect, and might therefore represent an interesting new therapeutic approach to the treatment of essential hypertension.
An efficient shift invariant rasterization algorithm for all-angle mask patterns in ILT (2015)

Lithography simulation is an essential technique to guide the design of inverse lithography technology (ILT) masks. To reduce the complexity in modern lithography simulation, a widely used approach is to first rasterize the ILT masks before they are inputted to the simulation tools. Currently, there is no high performance technology to handle the rasterization of all-angle polygons, which are very common in modern ILT masks. Traditional rasterization technology is very expensive in term of runtime and memory usage. In this paper, we propose an efficient rasterization algorithm for all-angle polygons based on a pre-computed lookup table (LUT). We expect that the convolution for a majority of large pixels can be performed in a single lookup table query, which decreases the overall runtime dramatically. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can speed up rasterization process by almost 500x while maintaining small variations in CD. Meanwhile, the time for pre-computing the lookup table and the size of it can be kept within very reasonable limits.
Quantum-Dot-Conjugated Graphene as a Probe for Simultaneous Cancer-Targeted Fluorescent Imaging, Tracking, and Monitoring Drug Delivery (2013)

We report a novel quantum-dot-conjugated graphene, i.e., hybrid SiO2-coated quantum dots (HQDs)-conjugated graphene, for targeted cancer fluorescent imaging, tracking, and monitoring drug delivery, as well as cancer therapy. The hybrid SiO2 shells on the surface of QDs not only mitigate its toxicity, but also protect its fluorescence from being quenched by graphene. By functionalizing the surface of HQDs-conjugated graphene (graphene-HQDs) with transferrin (Trf), we developed a targeted imaging system capable of differential uptake and imaging of cancer cells that express the Trf receptor. The widely used fluorescent antineoplastic anthracycline drug, doxorubicin (DOX), is adsorbed on the surface of graphene and results in a large loading capacity of 1.4 mg mg(-1). It is advantageous that the new delivery system exhibits different fluorescence color in between graphene-HQDs and DOX in the aqueous core upon excitation at a same wavelength for the purpose of tracking and monitoring drug delivery. This simple multifunctional nanoparticle system can deliver DOX to the targeted cancer cells and enable us to localize the graphene-HQDs and monitor intracellular DOX release. The specificity and safety of the nanoparticle conjugate for cancer imaging, monitoring, and therapy has been demonstrated in vitro.
Current Ideas and Future Prospects in Metal-Catalyzed Methane Conversion (1994)

In the future, natural gas is likely to become increasingly important as a feedstock for the chemical industry. The standard approach to methane conversion is steam reforming to give syngas (H2 + CO), then a water gas shift step to adjust the H2/CO ratio, followed by CO hydrogenation to methanol or a Fisher-Tropsch oligomerization to give n-alkanes. This procedure is rather costly and direct conversion of methane to any of a variety of simple compounds, such as methanol, glycol or acetic acid would be a very useful contribution. Unfortunately, methane has proved to be resistant to a variety of reagents and conditions. Typically, either the alkane is untouched, or it reacts but is overoxidized to CO and CO2. Conversions sufficiently low to give good yields are usually uneconomic. In this review, we look at some of the more recent advances in methane chemistry.
Nanosieves with microsystem technology for microfiltration applications (1998)

A nanosieve with a very uniform pore size of 260 nm and a pore-to-pore spacing of 510 nm has been fabricated using multiple exposure interference lithography and (silicon) micromachining technology. The nanosieve filter consists of a thick silicon nitride membrane perforated with submicron diameter pores and a macroperforated inorganic silicon support. The calculated clean water flux is at least one to two orders higher than that of conventional inorganic membranes.
Pulmonary lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase in plasma membrane signalling platforms (2001)

Lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase (LPP) has recently been proposed to have roles in signal transduction, acting sequentially to phospholipase D (PLD) and in attenuating the effects of phospholipid growth factors on cellular proliferation. In this study, LPP activity is reported to be enriched in lipid-rich signalling platforms isolated from rat lung tissue, isolated rat type II cells and type II cell-mouse lung epithelial cell lines (MLE12 and MLE15). Lung and cell line caveolin-enriched domains (CEDs), prepared on the basis of their detergent-insolubility in Triton X-100, contain caveolin-1 and protein kinase C isoforms. The LPP3 isoform was predominantly localized to rat lung CEDs. These lipid-rich domains, including those from isolated rat type II cells, were enriched both in phosphatidylcholine plus sphingomyelin (PC+SM) and cholesterol. Saponin treatment of MLE15 cells shifted the LPP activity, cholesterol, PC+SM and caveolin-1 from lipid microdomains to detergent-soluble fractions. Elevated LPP activity and LPP1/1a protein are present in caveolae from MLE15 cells prepared using the cationic-colloidal-silica method. In contrast, total plasma membranes had a higher abundance of LPP1/1a protein with low LPP activity. Phorbol ester treatment caused a 3.8-fold increase in LPP specific activity in MLE12 CEDs. Thus the activated form of LPP1/1a may be recruited into caveolae/rafts. Transdifferentiation of type II cells into a type I-like cell demonstrated enrichment in caveolin-1 levels and LPP activity. These results indicate that LPP is localized in caveolae and/or rafts in lung tissue, isolated type II cells and type II cell lines and is consistent with a role for LPP in both caveolae/raft signalling and caveolar dynamics.
Proscillaridincarbonate (1971)

Abstract Umsetzung von Proscillaridin mit N,N′ ‐Carbonyldiimidazol liefert Proscillaridin‐2′,3′‐carbonat und Proscillaridin‐2′,3′‐carbonat‐4′ ‐(N‐imidazolyl)‐carboxylat. Einige Derivate des Proscillaridin‐2′,3′ ‐carbonates werden beschrieben.
The candicidin gene cluster from Streptomyces griseus IMRU 3570 The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AJ300302 and AJ300303. (2002)

A 205 kb DNA region from Streptomyces griseus IMRU 3570, including the candicidin biosynthetic gene cluster, was cloned and partially sequenced. Analysis of the sequenced DNA led to identification of genes encoding part of a modular polyketide synthase (PKS), genes for thioesterase, macrolactone ring modification, mycosamine biosynthesis and attachment to the macrolide ring, candicidin export and regulatory proteins. It represents the first extensive genetic characterization of an aromatic polyene macrolide antibiotic biosynthetic gene cluster. Of particular interest is the presence of the CanP1 loading domain (the first described as responsible for the activation of an aromatic starter unit) and the polypeptide CanP3 (carrying modules for the formation of five out of seven conjugated double bonds). Disruption of the pabAB gene that encodes the starter unit of candicidin abolished its production [which was restored when exogenous p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was supplied to the culture] and resulted in an enhanced production of another antifungal compound that is barely detected in the wild-type.
Permeabilization and fusion of uncharged lipid vesicles induced by the HIV-1 fusion peptide adopting an extended conformation: dose and sequence effects (1997)

The peptide HIV(arg), corresponding to a sequence of 23 amino acid residues at the N-terminus of HIV-1 gp41 (LAV1a strain), has the capacity to destabilize negatively charged large unilamellar vesicles. As revealed by infrared spectroscopy, the peptide associated with those vesicles showed conformational polymorphism: in the absence of cations the main structure was a pore-forming alpha-helix, whereas in the presence of Ca2+ the conformation switched to a fusogenic, predominantly extended beta-type structure. Here we show that an extended structure can also be involved in electrically neutral vesicle destabilization induced by the HIV-1 fusion peptide when it binds the vesicle from the aqueous phase. In the absence of cations, neutral liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cholesterol (molar ratio 1:1:1) selected for an extended structure that became fusogenic in a dose-dependent fashion. At subfusogenic doses this structure caused the release of trapped 8-aminonaphtalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid sodium salt/p-xylenebis(pyridinium)bromide from liposomes, indicating the existence of a peptide-mediated membrane destabilizing process before and independent of the development of fusion. When compared to HIV(arg), the fusion activity of HIV(ala) (bearing the R22 --> A substitution) was reduced by 70%. Fusogenicity was completely abolished when a second substitution (V2 --> E) was included to generate HIV(ala-E2), a sequence representing the N-terminus of an inactive gp41. However, the three sequences associated with vesicles to the same extent, and the three adopted a similar extended structure in the membrane. Whereas 1-(4-trimethylaminophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene emission anisotropy was unaffected by the three peptides, DPH emission anisotropy in membranes was increased only by the fusogenic sequences. Taken together, our observations strongly argue that it is not an alpha-helical but an extended structure adopted by the HIV-1 fusion peptide what actively destabilizes cholesterol-containing, electrically neutral membranes. Moreover, membrane destabilization is modulated by the amino acid sequence in the extended structure. The effect displayed by the aforementioned V2 --> E substitution suggests that the fusion process described here could be reflecting a physiologically relevant phenomenon.
Age-related changes in microRNA levels in serum (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs. Altered expression of circulating miRNAs have been associated with age-related diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Although we and others have found an age-dependent decrease in miRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), little is known about the role of circulating miRNAs in human aging. Here, we examined miRNA expression in human serum from young (mean age 30 years) and old (mean age 64 years) individuals using next generation sequencing technology and real-time quantitative PCR. Of the miRNAs that we found to be present in serum, three were significantly decreased in 20 older individuals compared to 20 younger individuals: miR-151a-5p, miR-181a-5p and miR-1248. Consistent with our data in humans, these miRNAs are also present at lower levels in the serum of elderly rhesus monkeys. In humans, miR-1248 was found to regulate the expression of mRNAs involved in inflammatory pathways and miR-181a was found to correlate negatively with the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα and to correlate positively with the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGFβ and IL-10. These results suggest that circulating miRNAs may be a biological marker of aging and could also be important for regulating longevity. Identification of stable miRNA biomarkers in serum could have great potential as a noninvasive diagnostic tool as well as enhance our understanding of physiological changes that occur with age.
Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and alpha‐tocopherol on reperfusion injury in rat brain (2003)

Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral injury after ischaemia-reperfusion. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant properties. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion on rat brain and to investigate the effects of two free radical scavengers, CAPE and alpha-tocopherol, on this in vivo model of cerebral injury. Ischaemia was induced by bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries for 20 min and reperfusion was achieved by releasing the occlusion to restore the circulation for 20 min. Control rats underwent a sham operation. CAPE at 10 micromol kg(-1) or alpha-tocopherol at 25 micromol kg(-1) was administered intraperitoneally before reperfusion. Reperfusion led to significant increase in the activity of xanthine oxidase and higher malondialdehyde levels in the brain. Acute administration of both CAPE and alpha-tocopherol suppressed ischaemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral lipid peroxidation and injury, but CAPE seems to offer a better therapeutic advantage over alpha-tocopherol.