gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reference intervals for glucose, β-cell polypeptides, and counterregulatory factors during prolonged fasting (2001)

To establish reference intervals for the pancreatic beta-cell response and the counterregulatory hormone response to prolonged fasting, we studied 33 healthy subjects (16 males, 17 females) during a 72-h fast. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin levels decreased (P < 0.001), and the levels of counterregulatory factors increased during the fast [P < 0.05; glucagon and free fatty acids (FFA) with a linear increase and epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol with a clear underlying circadian rhythm]. Growth hormone secretion increased from the first to third day of fasting (P < 0.05) but actually decreased from the second to third day of fasting (P = 0.03). Males had higher glucose and glucagon levels and lower FFA levels during the fast (P < 0.05), whereas no effect of gender on beta-cell polypeptides was observed. A high body mass index resulted in higher insulin and C-peptide levels during the fast (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we have provided reference intervals for glucoregulatory factors during a 72-h fast. We observed a diminished beta-cell response concomitant with an increased secretion of counterregulatory hormones. These results should be of clinical and scientific value in the investigation of hypoglycemic disorders.
Representing global world of a mobile robot with relational local maps (1990)

A method for representing a global map consisting of local map representations and relations between them has been developed. Sensor maps viewed at locations close to each other are integrated into a local map representation in a Cartesian coordinate system fixed to an object. First, three-dimensional (3-D) information of the edges on the floor is obtained at each sensor map by assuming the camera model and the flatness of the floor. A reliable feature is selected as a reference in the sensor map; this feature is used in finding the correspondence between the current sensor map and the following ones and in building a local map with these sensor maps. During the motion of the robot, the local map is updated by the motion stereo method unless the current reference point disappears from the sensor map. Farther edges are also represented in other local maps when the robot approaches them since the precise estimation of their locations in the current local map is difficult. Finally, the relation between local maps that represents the relative orientation and the approximate distance from the previous local map to the current one is included in the global map. The method was tested in an indoor environment; the experimental results are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly Regioselective Monothionation of Squaric and Semisquaric Acid Derivatives (1997)

An efficient synthesis of 4-thioxocyclobut-2-enones by the action of 0.5 molar equivalents of Lawesson's reagent on the corresponding diones is reported.
Crystalline Dihydrate of Calcium Ascorbate (1947)

Article MetricsDownloadsCitationsNo data available.01JunJulAugSepOctNov70Total6 Months12 MonthsTotal number of downloads for the most recent 6 whole calendar months.
Stuxnet: Cyberwar Revolution in Military Affairs (2011)

On June 17th, 2010, security researchers at a small Belarusian firm known as VirusBlockAda identified malicious software (malware) that infected USB memory sticks.1 In the months that followed, there was a flurry of activity in the computer security community – revealing that this discovery identified only one component of a new computer worm2 known as Stuxnet. This software was designed to specifically target industrial equipment. Once it was revealed that the majority of infections were discovered in Iran,3 along with an unexplained decommissioning of centrifuges at the Iranian fuel enrichment plant (FEP) at Natanz,4 many in the media speculated that the ultimate goal of Stuxnet was to target Iranian nuclear facilities. In November of 2010, some of these suspicions were validated when Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad publically acknowledged that a computer worm created problems for a “limited number of our [nuclear] centrifuges. ” 5 Reputable experts in the computer security community have already labeled Stuxnet as “unprecedented,”6 an “evolutionary leap,”7 and “the type of threat we hope to never see again.&quot;8 In this paper, I argue that this malicious software represents a revolution of military affairs (RMA)9 in the virtual realm – that is Stuxnet fundamentally changes the nature of cyber warfare. There are four reasons to this claim: (1) Stuxnet represents the first case in which industrial equipment was targeted with a cyber-weapon, (2) there is evidence that the
An open issue on applying sharing modeling patterns in DEVS (2007)

This paper presents a discussion on the use of the DEVS formalism with the goal of studying how DEVS (or one of its derivatives) could support sharing modeling patterns. We address this open issue and present a discussion of this field that can be addressed by the DEVS community. On one hand, we describe the benefits and possible uses of sharing sub-components for component-based modeling; on the other hand, we explain why supporting such shared subcomponents conflicts with the DEVS formalism.
Identification of unstable metabolites of Lonafarnib using liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, stable isotope incorporation and ion source temperature alteration (2006)

Structural characterization of unstable metabolites and other drug-derived entities poses a serious challenge to the analytical chemist using instrumentation such as LC-MS and LC-MS/MS, and may lead to inaccurate identification of metabolite structures. The task of structural elucidation becomes even more difficult when an analyte is unstable in the ion source of the mass spectrometer. However, a judicious selection of the experimental conditions and the advanced features of new generation mass spectrometers can often overcome these difficulties. We describe here the identification of three drug-derived peaks (A, B and C) that were detected from a Schering-Plough developmental compound (Lonafarnib) following incubation with cDNA-expressed human CYP3A4. Definitive characterization was achieved using (1) accurate mass measurement, (2) stable isotope incorporation, (3) reduced ion source temperature, (4) alkali ion attachment and (5) MS/MS fragmentation studies. The protonated ions of compounds A and B fragmented almost completely in the source, yielding ions of the same mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) as that of protonated C (CH+). Fortunately, the presence of Na+ and K+ adducts of A and B provided information crucial to distinguishing AH+ and BH+ from their fragment ions. Metabolite A was shown to be an unstable hydroxylated metabolite of Lonafarnib. The metabolite C was shown to be a dehydrogenated metabolite of Lonafarnib (Lonafarnib-2H), unstable in the presence of protic solvents. Finally, B was artifactually formed most likely from C by the solvolytic addition of methanol during sample preparation. MS/MS fragmentation experiments assisted in identifying the site of metabolism in A and chemical modification in B. A and C readily interconvert through hydration/dehydration, and B and C through addition/elimination of methanol present in the sample-processing solvents. Finally, NMR experiments were performed to confirm the structures of A and C.
Temporal Changes in Resting Heart Rate and Deaths From Ischemic Heart Disease (2011)

Among men and women without known cardiovascular disease, an increase in RHR over a 10-year period was associated with increased risk of death from IHD and also for all-cause mortality.
A three-level object-based model (2002)

The three fundamental areas of functionality in an object-based system are the creation, encapsulation and access of related data. Parallel to these areas of functionality we may identify three levels of data: data which exists as long as an object does, data which exists for the length of a procedure invocation and data which exists for the length of a process's use of an object. A new object model is proposed based on these levels of functionality and data. Objects are divided into three distinct categories (called modules, instances and handles). Each category has an explicitly defined set of functions (which are already implicitly existent in most object-based systems), including creation of one of the levels of data. Every object in a system belongs to one (and only one) category. Under this model, users should be able to more readily understand the use of any given object, as its category would be easily identifiable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aviation Fuel: Thermal Stability Requirements (1992)

Description This publication from ASTM presents up-to-date information on jet fuel thermal stability and its relevance to today’s and future engines and aircraft. There are sections on Aviation Engine Considerations; Manufacturing and Distribution Considerations; ASTM D 3241, the JFTOT Test; and Nonspecification Tests for Aviation Fuel Thermal Stability.
Usefulness of Seismocardiography for the Diagnosis of Ischemia in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (2005)

SCG appeared to be more sensitive for detecting ischemia caused by more than>or=50% stenosis of the main coronary artery compared to an electrocardiographic stress test. SCG was a useful ETT adjunct for selecting patients requiring coronary angiography.
Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 Is Silenced by Hypermethylation and Induces Apoptosis in β-Catenin–Deficient Human Mesothelioma Cells (2005)

The secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) function as negative regulators of Wnt signaling and have important implications in tumorigenesis. Frequent promoter hypermethylation of SFRPs has been identified in human cancer. Restoration of SFRP function attenuates Wnt signaling and induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer types. Wnt signaling is known to inhibit apoptosis through activation of beta-catenin/Tcf-mediated transcription. Recently, we identified aberrant Wnt activation as a result of Dishevelled overexpression in malignant mesothelioma. Here, we report that silencing of SFRP4 is correlated with promoter hypermethylation in beta-catenin-deficient mesothelioma cell lines. Reexpression of SFRP4 in these beta-catenin-deficient mesothelioma cell lines blocks Wnt signaling, induces apoptosis, and suppresses growth. Conversely, knocking down SFRP4 by small interfering RNA in cell lines expressing both SFRP4 and beta-catenin stimulates Wnt signaling, promotes cell growth, and inhibits chemodrug-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that methylation silencing of SFRP4 may play an important role in aberrant Wnt activation in mesothelioma even in the absence of beta-catenin. Our data also suggest that beta-catenin-independent noncanonical pathway(s) may be involved in the apoptotic inhibition caused by activation of Wnt signaling.
Ameloblast-lineage cells of rat tooth germs proliferate and scatter in response to hepatocyte growth factor in culture (1998)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is considered to be one of the mediators of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during early organogenesis and to be involved in the development of murine molars. In this study, the immunohistochemical localization of HGF and of its receptor, c-Met, revealed that HGF was distributed in the proliferating mesenchymal cells in the dental papillae and that c-Met was continuously expressed in the epithelial cells during the development of rat incisors. These observations confirmed the involvement of HGF in the development of rat incisors, as demonstrated previously in molars. We then used a primary culture of ameloblast-lineage cells, prepared from mandibular incisors of young rats, to examine the direct effects of HGF on the growth and differentiation of ameloblasts. We found that HGF at 2-20 ng/ml induced a marked increase in the number of ameloblast-lineage cells and in the scattering of such cells. Our results suggest that HGF promotes the proliferation and scattering of ameloblast-lineage cells simultaneously.
Autopiquer - a Robust and Reliable Peak Detection Algorithm for Mass Spectrometry (2016)

We present a simple algorithm for robust and unsupervised peak detection by determining a noise threshold in isotopically resolved mass spectrometry data. Solving this problem will greatly reduce the subjective and time-consuming manual picking of mass spectral peaks and so will prove beneficial in many research applications. The Autopiquer approach uses autocorrelation to test for the presence of (isotopic) structure in overlapping windows across the spectrum. Within each window, a noise threshold is optimized to remove the most unstructured data, whilst keeping as much of the (isotopic) structure as possible. This algorithm has been successfully demonstrated for both peak detection and spectral compression on data from many different classes of mass spectrometer and for different sample types, and this approach should also be extendible to other types of data that contain regularly spaced discrete peaks. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
A dual-use radar and communication system with complete complementary codes (2014)

A dual-use radar and communication system is proposed. The proposed method uses complete complementary codes for both radar and communication signals, whose outputs almost become zero sidelobe. In this paper, the principle of the proposed method and simulation results are described. It is confirmed that the proposed dual-use radar and communications is effective.
The Herschel reference survey: results from the science demonstration phase (2011)

The Herschel Reference Survey (HRS) is a volume limited sample of 323 nearby galaxies. The survey has observed each galaxy at 250, 350 and 500 μ m and will measure the emission from the cold dust in galaxies. The HRS is approximately centred on the Virgo cluster and covers a range of environments. With the wealth of ancillary data in this region the HRS will be a useful legacy for understanding both the local and distant universe. This talk reviews some of the results from the Science Demonstration Phase (SDP) which include the spatial distribution of dust in spiral galaxies, maps of the interstellar medium, observations of the disturbed galaxy NGC 4338 and the dust morphology of the elliptical galaxy M 86.
Coupling in multilayered magnetic films (1968)

A coupling between the magnetization of two ferromagnetic films separated by a thin metallic layer has been observed. It is shown that when the intermediate layer is palladium the coupling results from diffusion of magnetic atoms into the palladium which makes it weakly ferromagnetic. The main systems in which ferro-antiferromagnetic coupling is observed are Co-CoO, Ni-NiO, FeNi-FeNiMn. In the latter case domain patterns and ripple are observed by electron microscopy.
Noise Reduction in Hyperspectral Imagery: Overview and Application (2018)

Hyperspectral remote sensing is based on measuring the scattered and reflected electromagnetic signals from the Earth’s surface emitted by the Sun. The received radiance at the sensor is usually degraded by atmospheric effects and instrumental (sensor) noises which include thermal (Johnson) noise, quantization noise, and shot (photon) noise. Noise reduction is often considered as a preprocessing step for hyperspectral imagery. In the past decade, hyperspectral noise reduction techniques have evolved substantially from two dimensional bandwise techniques to three dimensional ones, and varieties of low-rank methods have been forwarded to improve the signal to noise ratio of the observed data. Despite all the developments and advances, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview of these techniques and their impact on hyperspectral imagery applications. In this paper, we address the following two main issues; (1) Providing an overview of the techniques developed in the past decade for hyperspectral image noise reduction; (2) Discussing the performance of these techniques by applying them as a preprocessing step to improve a hyperspectral image analysis task, i.e., classification. Additionally, this paper discusses about the hyperspectral image modeling and denoising challenges. Furthermore, different noise types that exist in hyperspectral images have been described. The denoising experiments have confirmed the advantages of the use of low-rank denoising techniques compared to the other denoising techniques in terms of signal to noise ratio and spectral angle distance. In the classification experiments, classification accuracies have improved when denoising techniques have been applied as a preprocessing step.
Magnetically Coupled Resonance Wireless Power Transfer (MR-WPT) with Multiple Self-Resonators (2012)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has been studied formore than one hundred years sinceNikola Tesla proposed his WPT concept. Asmore and more portable electronic devices and consumer electronics are developed and used, the need for WPT technology will continue to grow. Recently, WPT via strongly coupled magnetic resonances in the near field has been reported by Kurs et al. (2007). The basic principle of WPT based on magnetically coupled resonance (MR-WPT) is that two self-resonators that have the same resonant frequency can transfer energy efficiently over midrange distances. It was also reported that MR-WPT has several valuable advantages, such as efficient midrange power transfer, non-radiative, and nearly omnidirectional. It is certain that these properties will help to improve the performance of current wireless power transfer systems and be utilized well for various wireless power transfer applications such as electric vehicles, consumer electronics, smart mobile devices, biomedical implants, robots, and so on. Up to now, several important articles have been published. Karalis et al. (2008) reported detailed physical phenomena of efficient wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer. Sample et al. (2010) reported an equivalent model and analysis of an MR-WPT system using circuit theory, and Hamam et al. (2009) introduced an MR-WPT system that used an intermediate self-resonator coil to extend the coverage of wireless power transfer that is coaxially arranged with both Tx and Rx self-resonant coils. In Figure 1, a practical application model of wireless power charging of multiple portable electronic devices using MR-WPT technology is illustrated. Multiple devices are placed on the Rx self-resonator, which is built into the desk, and the Tx self-resonator is built into the power plate wall. The Tx self-resonator is strongly coupled with the Rx one and then both Tx and Rx self-resonators transfer energy efficiently even though the Tx self-resonator is geometrically perpendicular to the Rx self-resonator. In order to create this system, it is necessary to characterize power transfer efficiency and especially mutual inductance of the MR-WPT system with two self-resonators arranged perpendicularly. However, there have been few research reports published that analyze the characteristics of MR-WPT regarding a geometrical arrangement between Tx and Rx self-resonators and between Tx or Rx and intermediate self-resonators. In this article, the characteristics of wireless power transfer between two self-resonators arranged in off-axis positions are reported and the power transfer efficiency of an MR-WPT 3
Functions of the internal pre-S domain of the large surface protein in hepatitis B virus particle morphogenesis (1995)

The large hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface protein (L) forms two isomers which display their N-terminal pre-S domain at the internal and external side of the viral envelope, respectively. The external pre-S domain has been implicated in binding to a virus receptor. To investigate functions of the internal pre-S domain, a secretion signal sequence was fused to the N terminus of L (sigL), causing exclusive expression of external pre-S domains. A fusion construct with a nonfunctional signal (s25L), which corresponds in its primary sequence to sigL cleaved by signal peptidase, was used as a control. SigL was N glycosylated in transfected COS cells at both potential sites in pre-S in contrast to s25L or wild-type L, confirming the expected transmembrane topologies of sigL and s25L. Phenotypic characterization revealed the following points. (i) SigL lost the inhibitory effect of L or s25L on secretion of subviral hepatitis B surface antigen particles, suggesting that the retention signal mapped to the N terminus of L is recognized in the cytosol and not in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. (ii) SigL was secreted into the culture medium even in the absence of the major HBV surface protein (S), while release of an L mutant lacking the retention signal was still dependent on S coexpression. (iii) s25L but not sigL could complement an L-negative HBV genome defective for virion secretion in cotransfections. This suggests that the cytosolic pre-S domain, like a matrix protein, is involved in the interaction of the viral envelope with preformed cytosolic nucleocapsids during virion assembly.
Manipulating the folding of membrane proteins: using the bilayer to our advantage (2000)

Conference Abstract| June 01 2000 Manipulating the folding of membrane proteins: using the bilayer to our advantage P. J. Booth; P. J. Booth 1Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, SW7 2AY, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. R. Curran; A. R. Curran 1Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, SW7 2AY, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. H. Templer; R. H. Templer 1Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, SW7 2AY, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar W. Meijberg W. Meijberg 1Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, SW7 2AY, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (3): A50. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a050 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation P. J. Booth, A. R. Curran, R. H. Templer, W. Meijberg; Manipulating the folding of membrane proteins: using the bilayer to our advantage. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 2000; 28 (3): A50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a050 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Social safety net assessments from Central America : cross-country review of principal findings (2003)

This paper reviews the first generation of Social Safety Net Assessments (SSNAs) conducted in Central America, including those of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. The World Bank supports SSNAs to help identify strengths and weaknesses in social protection policies and recommend improvements in the programs for the consideration of governments and other stakeholders. The paper provides an overview of social protection systems in the region, summarizes findings and policy recommendations, and outlines the implications for future analyses.
Distributed streams algorithms for sliding windows (2002)

This paper presents algorithms for estimating aggregate functions over a "sliding window" of the N most recent data items in one or more streams. Our results include