gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Who Should Request a Breath Hydrogen Test? A Six-Year Feasibility, Sensitivity of Clinical Suspicion and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (2004)

years, 201 in patients aged 5 to 18 years, and 131 in patients older than 18 years. Overall, 45 breath samples (12%) were considered unsatisfactory. Patients younger than 5 years (38%) had a significantly higher (P 18 years old [7%]). Of the 328 satisfactory BHTs, 162 (49%) were positive for either lactose intolerance (90%) or small bowel bacterial overgrowth (10%). The likelihood in obtaining a positive BHT was significantly (P<0.001) higher if the referring physician was a gastroenterologist. Our analysis also suggests a potential cost savings in having gastroenterologists screen patients for suspected lactose intolerance or bacterial overgrowth prior to ordering breath hydrogen testing.
The heat capacities, volumes, and expansibilities of <i>tert</i>-butyl alcohol – water mixtures from 6 to 65 °C (1977)

The densities and specific heat capacities of mixtures of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and water (W) have been measured at 6, 10, 25, 40, 55, and 65 °C. From these data the apparent molal volumes[Formula: see text], heat capacities[Formula: see text], and expansibilities [Formula: see text] were evaluated. Generally, the temperature dependence of these quantities is rather characteristic of hydrophobic solutes in water. At high concentrations [Formula: see text]and [Formula: see text] resemble those of surfactants, suggesting the existence of some microphase separation. At low temperatures [Formula: see text] show a significant hump as a function of concentration, which is probably not due to the presence of the —OH group on the TBA molecule. A similar behaviour is observed for[Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of water in TBA have also been calculated; [Formula: see text] is in theTBA-rich region 2 to 2.5 cm 3 mol −1 smaller than the molar volume of water, but [Formula: see text] is of the same order of magnitude as the molar heat capacity of water.
3-Heteroaryl-Substituted Quinuclidin-3-ol and Quinuclidin-2-ene Derivatives as Muscarinic Antagonists. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships (1995)

A number of 3-heteroaryl-substituted quinuclidin-3-ol and quinuclidin-2-ene derivatives have been prepared and evaluated for muscarinic and antimuscarinic properties. The affinities of the new compounds (13, 14, 16-32, and 36-52a,b) were tested in homogenates of cerebral cortex, heart, parotid gland, and urinary bladder from guinea pigs using (-)-[3H]-3-quinuclidinyl benzilate [(-)-[3H]QNB] as the radioligand and in a functional assay using isolated guinea pig urinary bladder. The present compounds behaved as competitive muscarinic antagonists in the urinary bladder. The highest receptor binding affinity, Ki (cortex) = 9.6 nM, was observed for 3-(2-benzofuranyl)quinuclidin-2-ene (31). The corresponding 3-benzofuranyl (36) and 3-benzothienyl (37) homologues had about 3.5-fold lower affinity for cortical muscarinic receptors. All quinuclidin-3-ol derivatives (14 and 16-25) had lower binding affinities for the different muscarinic receptor subtypes than the corresponding quinuclidin-2-ene analogues when examined in the various tissue homogenates. In general, the new compounds showed low subtype selectivity. The structure-affinity relationships are discussed in terms of differences in proton basicity of the azabicyclic nitrogen and differences in geometric, conformational, and/or electronic properties of the compounds. The cortical antimuscarinic potency is also related to the complementarity of the compounds to the putative binding site of the muscarinic m1 receptor.
Compliance through Informed Consent: Semantic Based Consent Permission and Data Management Model (2017)

The General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) imposes greater restrictions on obtaining valid user consents involving the use of personal data. A semantic model of consent can make the concepts of consent explicit, establish a common understanding and enable re-use of consent. Therefore,forming a semantic model of consent will satisfy the GDPR requirements of specificity and unambiguity and is an important step towards ensuring compliance. In this paper,we discuss obtaining an open vocabulary of expressing consent leveraging existing semantic models of provenance, processes, permission and obligations. We also present a reference architecture for the management of data processing according to consent permission. This data management model utilizes the open vocabulary of consent and incorporates the change of context into the data processing activity. By identifying and incorporating changes to the relational context between data controllers and data subjects into the data processing model, it aims to improve the integration of data management across different information systems specifically adhering to the GDPR and helping controllers to demonstrate compliance.
THE SOLUBILITY OF FERROUS IRON IN CARBONATE‐BEARING WATERS (1970)

Since the solubility of ferrous iron in groundwaters is limited by the solubility of ferrous carbonate and since the 50‐year‐old solubility product cannot account for the high concentrations of Fe(II) found in natural groundwaters, this study was undertaken in order to redetermine the solubility product of ferrous carbonate and to determine what effect, if any, complexation of Fe(II) by bicarbonate or carbonate has on the overall solubility of Fe(II). Experimental results are discussed.
Cascadable optical inversion using 1550 nm VCSEL (2008)

A novel, cascadable optical inverter is demonstrated up to 2.5 Gbit/s using a commerically available 1550 nm VCSEL. Experimental results show cascadable operation based on positive noise margin transfer characteristics and extinction ratio (ER) regeneration. Errorless performance is measured with sensitivity penalties of 0 and 1.4 dB and output ER exceeding 6 dB at 1 and 2.5 Gbit/s, respectively.
Sensors for microprocessor-based applications (1983)

The microprocessor offers considerable scope for increasing the utility of sensors. Nonlinearity is an example of a considerable problem for continuous electronics which is greatly diminished by the application of software techniques such as the 'look-up table'. The cheapness and compactness of digital integral circuitry allows processing power to be distributed throughout an instrumentation system. It is important to examine the trade-offs associated with each form of distribution. In some cases it is sensible to include a microprocessor within the sensor housing, so that problems such as nonlinearity, parameter drift and cross sensitivity are invisible externally. As a bonus a simple digital interface is then also easily realised.
A 500MHz supply noise insensitive CMOS PLL with a voltage regulator using DC-DC capacitive converter (2000)

A 500MHz supply noise insensitive CMOS PLL with a voltage regulator using a capacitive DC-DC converter (VRCC) achieves a jitter level of 30ps rms for quiet supply, and 42ps rms for 600mV supply noise, with a locking range of 110MHz to 850MHz. The worst case PSNR using VRCC shows -45dB in the medium frequency. The circuit is fabricated in a 0.35µm, 3.3V standard digital CMOS process and occupies 2.2mm2. The power consumption at 3.3V including buffer is 42mW at 500MHz.
Human Heart Failure Is Associated With Abnormal C-Terminal Splicing Variants in the Cardiac Sodium Channel (2007)

Heart failure (HF) is associated with reduced cardiac Na+ channel (SCN5A) current. We hypothesized that abnormal transcriptional regulation of this ion channel during HF could help explain the reduced current. Using human hearts explanted at the transplantation, we have identified 3 human C-terminal SCN5A mRNA splicing variants predicted to result in truncated, nonfunctional channels. As compared with normal hearts, the explanted ventricles showed an upregulation of 2 of the variants and a downregulation of the full-length mRNA transcript such that the E28A transcript represented only 48.5% (P<0.01) of the total SCN5A mRNA. This correlated with a 62.8% (P<0.01) reduction in Na+ channel protein. Lymphoblasts and skeletal muscle expressing SCN5A also showed identical C-terminal splicing variants. Variants showed reduced membrane protein and no functional current. Transfection of truncation variants into a cell line stably transfected with the full-length Na+ channel resulted in dose-dependent reductions in channel mRNA and current. Introduction of a premature truncation in the C-terminal region in a single allele of the mouse SCN5A resulted in embryonic lethality. Embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes expressing the construct showed reductions in Na+ channel-dependent electrophysiological parameters, suggesting that the presence of truncated Na+ channel mRNA at levels seen in HF is likely to be physiologically significant. In summary, chronic HF was associated with an increase in 2 truncated SCN5A variants and a decrease in the native mRNA. These splice variations may help explain a loss of Na+ channel protein and may contribute to the increased arrhythmic risk in clinical HF.
Selectively emissive refractory metal surfaces (1981)

In this letter is decribed a spectrally selective tungsten light-emitting surface, employing submicron surface texturing produced by reactive ion etching. The average emissivity of this surface throughout the visible wavelength range of 0.3–0.7 μm is greater than 0.9 compared to ∼0.4 for ordinary tungsten. At longer infrared wavelengths, however, the emissivity of the etched surface approaches that of a smooth tungsten surface. This results in enhanced efficiency in the production of visible light.
Experimental evaluation of the pile-up trigger method in a revised quantum-counting CT detector (2012)

The application of quantum-counting detectors in clinical Computed Tomography (CT) is challenged by very large Xray photon fluxes present in modern systems. Situations with sub-optimal patient positioning or scanning of small objects can cause unattenuated exposure of parts of the detector. The typical pulse durations in CdTe/CdZnTe sensor range in the order of several nanoseconds, even if the detector design is optimized for high-rate applications by using high sensor depletion voltages and small pixel sizes. This can lead to severe pile-up of the pulses, resulting in count efficiency degradation or even ambiguous detector signals. The recently introduced pile-up trigger method solves this problem by combining the signal of a photon counting channel with a signal indicative of the level of pile-up. Latter is obtained with a photon-counting channel operated at threshold energies beyond the maximum energy of the incident photon spectrum so that its signal arises purely from pulse pile-up. We present an experimental evaluation of the pile-up trigger method in a revised quantum-counting CT detector and compare our results to simulations of the method with idealized detector properties.
Effect of architectural angularity on refugia selection by the brown spider, <i>Loxosceles gaucho</i> (2010)

Some brown spider species infest man-made environments and pose a threat to human health. Because habitat architecture affects spider populations, I evaluated the preferences of individuals of Loxosceles gaucho (Gertsch) (Araneae: Sicariidae) for refugia with different angular structures. Four differently angled refugia models (acute-, right-, obtuse-angled and cylindrical) were placed on the litter of a forest fragment and observed each month for 1 year. Females of this species were found to prefer refugia with acute angles. This finding brings new information to our understanding of brown spider infestations in man-made environments: refugia with acute angles are likely to offer more protection for females and their offspring.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Some New Thiazolyl–Pyrazolone Derivatives (2016)

3‐Methyl‐1‐thiocarbamoyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one has been utilized as a core for the synthesis of some 1‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)‐pyrazolin‐5‐one derivatives through diazo‐coupling reaction and/or Knoevenagel condensation followed by heterocyclization with some α‐halogenated reagents such as bromoacetone, phenacyl bromide, and ethyl bromoacetate. Base prompted addition of the core compound to an equimolar amount of phenyl isothiocyanate furnished 3‐methyl‐4‐phenylthiocarbamoyl‐1‐thiocarbamoyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one which undergoes heterocyclization with α‐halogenated reagents at the more reactive phenylthiocarbamoyl moiety to afford the corresponding 4‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)‐1‐thiocarbamoyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐ones. The new synthesized thiazolyl–pyrazolone compounds were evaluated for their potential antioxidant activity by using (ABTS Radical Cation Decolorization Assay).
1-Year Impact on Medical Practice and Clinical Outcomes of FFRCT (2019)

The 1-year data from the international ADVANCE (Assessing Diagnostic Value of Non-invasive FFRCT in Coronary Care) Registry of patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) was used to evaluate the relationship of fractional flow reserve derived from coronary CTA (FFRCT) with downstream care and clinical outcomes. Guidelines for management of chest pain using noninvasive imaging pathways are based on short- to intermediate-term outcomes. Patients (N = 5,083) evaluated for clinically suspected coronary artery disease and in whom atherosclerosis was identified by coronary CTA were prospectively enrolled at 38 international sites from July 15, 2015, to October 20, 2017. Demographics, symptom status, coronary CTA and FFRCT findings and resultant site-based treatment plans, and clinical outcomes through 1 year were recorded and adjudicated by a blinded core laboratory. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE), death, myocardial infarction (MI), and acute coronary syndrome leading to urgent revascularization were captured. At 1 year, 449 patients did not have follow-up data. Revascularization occurred in 1,208 (38.40%) patients with an FFRCT ≤0.80 and in 89 (5.60%) with an FFRCT >0.80 (relative risk [RR]: 6.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.59 to 8.45; p < 0.001). MACE occurred in 55 patients, 43 events occurred in patients with an FFRCT ≤0.80 and 12 occurred in those with an FFRCT >0.80 (RR: 1.81; 95% CI: 0.96 to 3.43; p = 0.06). Time to first event (all-cause death or MI) occurred in 38 (1.20%) patients with an FFRCT ≤0.80 compared with 10 (0.60%) patients with an FFRCT >0.80 (RR: 1.92; 95% CI: 0.96 to 3.85; p = 0.06). Time to first event (cardiovascular death or MI) occurred cardiovascular death or MI occurred more in patients with an FFRCT ≤0.80 compared with patients with an FFRCT >0.80 (25 [0.80%] vs. 3 [0.20%]; RR: 4.22; 95% CI: 1.28 to 13.95; p = 0.01). The 1-year outcomes from the ADVANCE FFRCT Registry show low rates of events in all patients, with less revascularization and a trend toward lower MACE and significantly lower cardiovascular death or MI in patients with a negative FFRCT compared with patients with abnormal FFRCT values. (Assessing Diagnostic Value of Non-invasive FFRCT in Coronary Wave [ADVANCE]; NCT02499679)
We're Pleased to be On-Board (1990)

On behalf of the National Association of State Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Directors (NASEMSD) [United States] I wish to express our pride and pleasure in becoming associated with Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. In the past year my colleagues and I have observed the development of this new journal with both enthusiasm and a strong sense that the existence of a scientifically based, peer-
An Attack on the Privacy of Sanitized Data that Fuses the Outputs of Multiple Data Miners (2009)

Data sanitization has been used to restrict re-identification of individuals and disclosure of sensitive information from published data. We propose an attack on the privacy of the published sanitized data that simply fuses outputs of multiple data miners that are applied to the sanitized data. That attack is practical and does not require any background or additional information. We use a number of experiments to show scenarios where an adversary can combine outputs of multiple miners using a simple fusion strategy to increase their success chance of breaching privacy of individuals whose data is stored in the database. The fusion attack provides a powerful method of breaching privacy in the form of partial disclosure, for both anonymized and perturbed data. It also provides an effective way of approximating predictions of the best miner (a miner that provides the best results among all considered miners) when this miner cannot be determined.
Compressed-sensing recovery of images and video using multihypothesis predictions (2011)

Compressed-sensing reconstruction of still images and video sequences driven by multihypothesis predictions is considered. Specifically, for still images, multiple predictions drawn for an image block are made from spatially surrounding blocks within an initial non-predicted reconstruction. For video, multihypothesis predictions of the current frame are generated from one or more previously reconstructed reference frames. In each case, the predictions are used to generate a residual in the domain of the compressed-sensing random projections. This residual being typically more compressible than the original signal leads to improved reconstruction quality. To appropriately weight the hypothesis predictions, a Tikhonov regularization to an ill-posed least-squares optimization is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed reconstructions outperform alternative strategies not employing multihypothesis predictions.
RFID based Smart Home architecture for improving lives (2008)

Recently, home intelligent service is extended to context aware and situation aware automation service by using ubiquitous technology. This paper designs a ubiquitous computing based smart home safety management (U-SHM) for digital life. The proposed scheme integrates RFID and context awareness technologies in ubiquitous environments to increase the efficiency of mobile commerce and improve the life quality. This system provides the security service functions such as the partial credential based user authentication and context-aware access control, and the security policy management functions. We designed the secure and automatic control service using RFID tagged ID card and context based light and temperature management using sensor and RFID tag.Through our proposed U-SHM, the residents can be free and relaxing to gather the ubiquitous environment information around their home all the time.
Procedure Development and Practice Considerations for Diffusion Welding (1993)

Abstract Diffusion welding involves minimal pressurization, but relatively high temperatures and long periods of time. This article discusses the process variants of diffusion welding: solid-phase and liquid-phase processes. It describes the diffusion welding of carbon and low-alloy steels, high-strength steels, stainless steels, and aluminum-base alloys. The article provides a discussion on dissimilar metal combinations, such as ferrous-to-ferrous combinations, nonferrous-to-nonferrous combinations, ferrous-to-nonferrous combinations, and metal-ceramic joining.
Novel carbonyl iron/polystyrene (CI/PS) composites synthesized via solvent casting and their magnetorheology (2007)

Abstract As a magnetic material, carbonyl iron (CI) has been extensively used for magnetorheological (MR) fluids. However, MR fluids based on CI particles possess severe shortcomings of sedimentation and uniform dispersion due to the density difference between CI particles and carrier liquid. To overcome these problems, we prepared CI/polystyrene (PS) composites via a solvent casting method. The density of the synthesized CI/PS particles was much lower than that of the pristine CI particles. We further dispersed the composite particles in lubricant oil and investigated their MR properties using a rotational rheometer in parallel plate geometry with the magneto‐rheological device. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Melatonin: an ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable (2015)

Melatonin is remarkably functionally diverse with actions as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, circadian rhythm regulator, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulating molecule, and as an oncostatic agent. We hypothesize that the initial and primary function of melatonin in photosynthetic cyanobacteria, which appeared on Earth 3.5-3.2 billion years ago, was as an antioxidant. The evolution of melatonin as an antioxidant by this organism was necessary as photosynthesis is associated with the generation of toxic-free radicals. The other secondary functions of melatonin came about much later in evolution. We also surmise that mitochondria and chloroplasts may be primary sites of melatonin synthesis in all eukaryotic cells that possess these organelles. This prediction is made on the basis that mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotes developed from purple nonsulfur bacteria (which also produce melatonin) and cyanobacteria when they were engulfed by early eukaryotes. Thus, we speculate that the melatonin-synthesizing actions of the engulfed bacteria were retained when these organelles became mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. That mitochondria are likely sites of melatonin formation is supported by the observation that this organelle contains high levels of melatonin that are not impacted by blood melatonin concentrations. Melatonin has a remarkable array of means by which it thwarts oxidative damage. It, as well as its metabolites, is differentially effective in scavenging a variety of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Moreover, melatonin and its metabolites modulate a large number of antioxidative and pro-oxidative enzymes, leading to a reduction in oxidative damage. The actions of melatonin on radical metabolizing/producing enzymes may be mediated by the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. Beyond its direct free radical scavenging and indirect antioxidant effects, melatonin has a variety of physiological and metabolic advantages that may enhance its ability to limit oxidative stress.
Evidence for lack of importance of oxygen free radicals in Escherichia coli endotoxemia in dogs (1988)

Reactive oxygen species have been proposed as pathophysiological factors responsible for the hypodynamic circulatory response to gram-negative endotoxin. To test this hypothesis, we examined the cardiorespiratory effects of mechanistically different oxygen free radical scavenging agents during Escherichia coli endotoxemia in beagle dogs. Pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were instrumented for repeated sampling of cardiorespiratory, hematologic, and tissue blood flow (radiolabeled 15-micron microspheres) indexes. Four groups were studied: 1) time-matched control dogs (n = 6); 2) dogs receiving only endotoxin (1.5 mg/kg; n = 6); 3) dogs receiving endotoxin and combination therapy with allopurinol (150 mg/kg) plus superoxide dismutase (5 mg/kg) and catalase (5 mg/kg; n = 6); and 4) dogs receiving endotoxin and deferoxamine (30 mg/kg; n = 5). Measured variables in control dogs were constant during the 4-h study, whereas endotoxin-injected dogs consistently demonstrated the following: 1) maintained reductions in blood pressure (greater than 45%), left ventricular systolic pressure (greater than 43%), left ventricular maximum rate of pressure development (+/- dP/dtmax) (greater than 41%), cardiac index (greater than 33%), and blood flow in all sampled tissues except liver and skeletal muscle; 2) transient tachypnea, bradycardia, and arterial acidosis; and 3) persistent neutropenia and hemoconcentration. Neither of the free radical scavenging protocols significantly improved measured variables during endotoxemia (P greater than 0.05). This lack of efficacy suggests that superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical may lack primary pathophysiological importance during the development of E. coli endotoxicosis in intact dogs.