gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inter-speaker interaction of F0 in dialogs (2002)

Presents some preliminary results of a study on the inter-speaker interaction of fundamental vocal frequency (F0) during dialogs. Simple question-answer type dialogs (in Japanese) were recorded and analyzed. The results revealed all three possible patterns of F0 interaction: in some cases, the two speakers' F0's converged as the dialog progressed, while in other cases they diverged; there were also cases in which they maintained a parallel relation to each other throughout the dialog. The results also indicated that the dialog-initial difference in the two speakers' F0 values was closely related to the consequent overall pattern of F0 interaction during the dialog. Partner-dependent reorganization of dialog-initial F0 was observed for some of the speakers.
Epitaxial growth and properties of GdN, EuN and SmN thin films (2011)

Abstract This paper contains a summary of selected aspects of the epitaxial growth of rare‐earth nitride thin films and the recent progress achieved in this field. The discussion is focussed on GdN, SmN, EuN compounds grown by both pulsed laser deposition and molecular beam epitaxy on different substrates including YSZ (001), c‐plane (0001) AlN and GaN. While a N 2 plasma cell is used as a nitrogen source for growing EuN, we take advantage of the catalytic breakdown of molecular nitrogen by rare‐earth atoms to grow GdN and SmN in the absence of activated N 2 . The structural, magnetic and transport properties of the thin films are assessed by reflection high‐energy electron diffraction, x‐ray diffraction, Hall Effect, temperature‐dependent magnetization and resistivity. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anonymizing Classification Data for Privacy Preservation (2007)

Classification is a fundamental problem in data analysis. Training a classifier requires accessing a large collection of data. Releasing person-specific data, such as customer data or patient records, may pose a threat to an individual's privacy. Even after removing explicit identifying information such as Name and SSN, it is still possible to link released records back to their identities by matching some combination of nonidentifying attributes such as {Sex, Zip, Birthdate}. A useful approach to combat such linking attacks, called k-anonymization, is anonymizing the linking attributes so that at least k released records match each value combination of the linking attributes. Previous work attempted to find an optimal k-anonymization that minimizes some data distortion metric. We argue that minimizing the distortion to the training data is not relevant to the classification goal that requires extracting the structure of predication on the "future" data. In this paper, we propose a k-anonymization solution for classification. Our goal is to find a k-anonymization, not necessarily optimal in the sense of minimizing data distortion, which preserves the classification structure. We conducted intensive experiments to evaluate the impact of anonymization on the classification on future data. Experiments on real-life data show that the quality of classification can be preserved even for highly restrictive anonymity requirements
Stearyl CoA as a precursor of oleic acid and glycerolipids in mammary microsomes from lactating bovine: Possible regulatory step in milk triglyceride synthesis (1972)

Abstract The stearyl desaturase of lactating bovine mammary tissue is located in the microsomes and requires activated fatty acid and NADH for activity. Other enzymes, acyl‐transferase(s) and deacylase which apparently compete with the desaturase for substrate are also present. Both the substrate 1‐ 14 C‐stearyl CoA and the oleic acid produced by desaturase are esterified into the various lipid classes. The oleic acid is preferentially acylated into position sn ‐3 of the triglycerides and sn ‐2 of the phosphatidylcholine. Experimental conditions causing reduced desaturase activity depressed triglyceride synthesis, and stimulation of desaturation by NADH L −α GP, acidic pH, 5.6, was accompanied by increased incorporation of radioactive fatty acids into the triglycerides. These data indicated that desaturase and glyceride acyl transferase were located contiguously within the microsomal membranes. The possibility that desaturase activity might control triglyceride synthesis in vivo is discussed. It was observed that mammary tissue from nonlactating cows 1–2 weeks and 2 days prior to calving lacked or possessed very low stearyl desaturase activity.
Formulation Design of an HPMC-Based Sustained Release Tablet for Pyridostigmine Bromide as a Highly Hygroscopic Model Drug and its In Vivo/In Vitro Dissolution Properties (2007)

Pyridostigmine bromide (PB), a highly hygroscopic drug was selected as the model drug. A sustained-release (SR) tablet prepared by direct compression of wet-extruded and spheronized core pellets with HPMC excipients and exhibited a zero-order sustained release (SR) profile. The 2(3) full factorial design was utilized to search an optimal SR tablet formulation. This optimal formulation was followed zero-order mechanism and had specific release rate at different time intervals (released % of 1, 6, and 12 hr were 15.84, 58.56, and 93.10%). The results of moisture absorption by Karl Fischer meter showed the optimum SR tablet could improve the hygroscopic defect of the pure drug (PB). In the in vivo study, the results of the bioavailability data showed the T(max) was prolonged (from 0.65 +/- 0.082 hr to 4.83 +/- 1.60 hr) and AUC(0-t) (from 734.88 +/- 230.68 ng/ml.hr to 1153.34 +/- 488.08 ng/ml.hr) and was increased respectively for optimum PB-SR tablets when compared with commercial immediate release (IR) tablets. Furthermore, the percentages of in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption in the rabbits have good correlation. We believe that PB-SR tablets designed in our study would improve defects of PB, decrease the frequency of administration and enhance the retention period of drug efficacy in vivo for personnel exposed to contamination situations in war or terrorist attacks in the future.
Application of liposomes as potential cutaneous drug delivery systems.<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>investigation with radioactively labelled vesicles (1996)

The potential application of liposomes as dermal delivery systems was investigated, with regard to vesicle composition and size. Liposomes were made up of phospholipids or skin lipids, referred to as phospholipid-based liposomes and stratum corneum lipid-based liposomes, respectively. A stripping procedure from stratum corneum to dermis by means of adhesive tape was carried out to evaluate the extent of accumulation in the superficial layers of the skin. The various liposomes were radiolabelled both in the bilayer structures with [3H]cholesterol, [14C]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and [14C]palmitic acid, depending on vesicle type, and in the aqueous compartments with [14C]inulin. Inulin absorption and elimination was also evaluated. Stratum corneum lipid-based liposomes could permeate the stratum corneum to a greater extent than phospholipid-based liposomes. Stratum corneum lipid-based liposomes could deliver a greater amount of aqueous radiolabelled marker ([14C]inulin) to the deeper skin strata (epidermis and dermis), while avoiding systemic absorption and, hence, organ distribution and renal elimination of [14C]inulin. Another important parameter in determining the extent of absorption is the vesicle size: the greater the mean size of liposomes, the poorer the permeation through stratum corneum layers. When fluid liposomes made up of unsaturated lecithins were used, a percutaneous absorption was obtained instead of dermal delivery. Stratum corneum lipid-based unilamellar liposomes may be suitable devices for dermal delivery.
ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN RAT PIAL VESSEL DILATATION RESPONSE TO ISOFLURANE (1993)

Koenig, H. M. MD; Pelligrino, D. A. PhD; Wang, O. MD, PhD; Albrecht, R. F. MD Author Information
Inactivation of lck and loss of TCR-mediated signaling upon persistent engagement with complexes of peptide:MHC molecules (1997)

T cell activation follows recognition of specific peptide:MHC molecule complexes in the context of proper costimulation. The earliest detectable event in T cell activation, within seconds of TCR ligand recognition, is tyrosine phosphorylation of TCR subunits. This causes a cascade of events leading to up-regulation of gene transcription that will drive T cell proliferation and differentiation. Regulation of TCR-mediated signaling upon T cell commitment is unclear. Here, we report that persistent stimulation of T cells, beyond 10 min, correlated with a reversible decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation of T cell lysates that did not affect T cell commitment to proliferation. Loss of Ag-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was not due to lack of Ag presentation, loss of TCR expression, or T cell death, but, rather, it was associated with a lack of TCR subunit tyrosine phosphorylation. We termed this phenomenon TCR desensitization by analogy to the loss of signaling observed in other receptor systems upon persistent engagement with agonist ligands. TCR desensitization correlated with surface reexpression of TCR without concomitant reexpression of coreceptor molecules. Biochemically, TCR desensitization correlated with increased levels of serine-phosphorylated lck, loss of lck kinase activity, and reversible loss of cytosolic lck. Thus, TCR signaling is regulated by desensitization that may be due to serine phosphorylation of lck causing inactivation and loss of this src kinase. This may have important implications by preventing TCR signaling and activation-induced cell death once the T lymphocyte is committed to proliferate.
Anti-Pseudomonas immunoglobulin I. Immunization of sheep. (1981)

The production of sheep Pseudomonas immune serum is described. The animals were immunized with Pseudomonas vaccine prepared from strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa belonging to seven immunotypes of Fisher's schema. Immune sera obtained from hyperimmunized sheep are characterized by a high level of stabel antibodies with a good protective activity for mice against infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has been demonstrated that sheep may be used for a long time as a source of immune serum.
Apalutamide: Emerging Therapy for Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2018)

Prostate cancer is the second deadliest cancer in the US and the fourth most common cancer among Saudi males. Patients usually present with non-metastatic disease and treated with localized therapy. However, up to 40% of the patients will experience biochemical recurrence, within 10 years. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is used in this setting to delay metastatic disease. Patients with high prostate-specific antigen (PSA), despite appropriate ADT, are diagnosed with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). A subset of those patients will be presented with a shorter PSA doubling time (PSA-DT) ≤10 months. These patients are identified at higher risk for metastatic disease and death from prostate cancer, which represents a challenging dilemma where optimal management is unclear. Apalutamide was the first drug to get approved in the localized setting to delay metastatic disease from occurring. This review article will discuss the development, safety, and efficacy of apalutamide and its current place in therapy.
Low-field amorphous state resistance and threshold voltage drift in chalcogenide materials (2004)

A detailed investigation of the time evolution for the low-field resistance R/sub off/ and the threshold voltage V/sub th/ in chalcogenide-based phase-change memory devices is presented. It is observed that both R/sub off/ and V/sub th/ increase and become stable with time and temperature, thus improving the cell readout window. Relying on a microscopic model, the drift of R/sub off/ and V/sub th/ is linked to the dynamic of the intrinsic traps typical of amorphous chalcogenides, thus providing for the first time a unified framework for the comprehension of chalcogenide materials transient behavior.
Introduction (2009)

This book is a contribution to the political theory of human rights. It is stimulated by two observations. The first is that human rights have become an elaborate international practice. Since the end of World War II, this practice has developed on several fronts: in international law, in global and regional institutions, in the foreign policies of (mostly liberal-democratic) states, and in the activities of a diverse and growing array of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and networks. The other observation is that the discourse and practice of human rights can also evoke a disabling skepticism, a kind of skepticism consisting of a disparagement of human rights as grounds of political action. This book explores an approach which exploits the observation that the human rights enterprise is a global practice. The basic idea is to distinguish between the problem of describing human rights from the problems of determining what they may justifiably require and identifying the reasons we might have for acting on them.
Bacterial Fractionation and Membrane Protein Characterization (2018)

This chapter describes some basic procedures for the fractionation, identification, and characterization of certain bacterial envelope proteins. It argues that basic bacterial fractionation is quite uncomplicated. Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) provides exceedingly good separation of bacterial component proteins, and "preparative" SDS-PAGE can often provide sufficient material for preparing high titer antisera to bacterial components. The chapter also describes a method for extracting individual proteins from SDS-PAGE gels for the purpose of preparing specific antibodies. Certain bacterial membrane proteins have distinct biochemical properties that can be exploited for the purpose of their identification and characterization. Certain membrane proteins, particularly porins, are characterized by being noncovalently linked to the peptidoglycan layer. Certain procedures used for bacterial fractionation may co-isolate membrane-associated protein structures such as flagella, fimbriae, and extracellular protein layers. These proteins will appear on SDS-PAGE gels as bands which might be mistakenly identified as, for example, outer-membrane proteins.
Bromination of dehydroacetic acid (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBromination of dehydroacetic acidThomas Munson Harris, Constance Malmar Harris, and Charles K. BrushCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 5, 1329–1333Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00830a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00830a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views465Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer graft copolymerization of styrene and <i>m</i>‐isopropenyl‐α,α′‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate from polypropylene lanterns: Solid phases for scavenging applications (2005)

Abstract The γ‐initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer mediated free‐radical graft copolymerization of styrene and m ‐isopropenyl‐α,α′‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI) from a polypropylene (PP) solid phase was performed with cumyl phenyldithioacetate (CPDA) as the chain‐transfer agent. The initial CPDA concentration was 8 × 10 −3 mol L −1 . Polymerizations were performed with a dose rate of 0.18 kGy h −1 at the ambient temperature. Initial comonomer mixtures with 15, 30, and 50 mol % TMI were used. Depending on the amount of TMI in the initial comonomer mixture, the plot of the grafting ratio versus the time showed two grafting regimes (for 15 and 50 mol % TMI) or one (for 30 mol % TMI). Scavenger lanterns with 15 and 50 mol % TMI featured two isocyanate loading regimes, the second with higher loading capacities. The scavenger lanterns with 30 mol % TMI showed a linear loading capacity over the full grafting ratio. A maximum loading capacity of 110 μmol per scavenger lantern was achieved with 50 mol % TMI at a grafting ratio of approximately 60 wt %. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 857–864, 2006
Anti-Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> Glycan-Conjugate Vaccines Using Pilus Protein GBS80 As Carrier and Antigen: Comparing Lysine and Tyrosine-directed Conjugation (2015)

Gram-positive Streptococcus agalactiae or group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of invasive infections in pregnant women, newborns, and elderly people. Vaccination of pregnant women represents the best strategy for prevention of neonatal disease, and GBS polysaccharide-based conjugate vaccines are currently under clinical testing. The potential of GBS pilus proteins selected by genome-based reverse vaccinology as protective antigens for anti-streptococcal vaccines has also been demonstrated. Dressing pilus proteins with surface glycan antigens could be an attractive approach to extend vaccine coverage. We have recently developed an efficient method for tyrosine-directed ligation of large glycans to proteins via copper-free azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition. This method enables targeting of predetermined sites of the protein, ensuring that protein epitopes are preserved prior to glycan coupling and a higher consistency in glycoconjugate batches. Herein, we compared conjugates of the GBS type II polysaccharide (PSII) and the GBS80 pilus protein obtained by classic lysine random conjugation and by the recently developed tyrosine-directed ligation. PSII conjugated to CRM197, a carrier protein used for vaccines in the market, was used as a control. We found that the constructs made from PSII and GBS80 were able to elicit murine antibodies recognizing individually the glycan and protein epitopes on the bacterial surface. The generated antibodies were efficacious in mediating opsonophagocytic killing of strains expressing exclusively PSII or GBS80 proteins. The two glycoconjugates were also effective in protecting newborn mice against GBS infection following vaccination of the dams. Altogether, these results demonstrated that polysaccharide-conjugated GBS80 pilus protein functions as a carrier comparably to CRM197, while maintaining its properties of protective protein antigen. Glycoconjugation and reverse vaccinology can, therefore, be combined to design vaccines with broad coverage. This approach opens a path to a new generation of vaccines. Tyrosine-ligation allows creation of more homogeneous vaccines, correlation of the immune response to defined connectivity points, and fine-tuning of the conjugation site in glycan-protein conjugates.
Indium tin oxide transparent electrodes for broad-area top-emitting vertical-cavity lasers fabricated using a single lithography step (1997)

We report for the first time top-emitting buried oxide vertical cavity lasers using transparent indium tin oxide electrodes. Our process enables broad-area InAlGaAs VCSELs to be fabricated in a single lithography step, thus allowing the fast turn-around time necessary for evaluating VCSEL epitaxial materials. The ITO contacts attain a peak transmission of 96%, a specific contact resistance of 10/sup -5/ /spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/, and a sheet resistivity of 2.5/spl times/10/sup -4/ /spl Omega//spl middot/cm. Under room temperature CW pumping, the devices exhibit a minimum threshold current density of 1.2 kA/cm/sup 2/ at a wavelength of 801 mm, and have a maximum light output power of 5.2 mW.
A Technique for Regional Analysis of Femorotibial Cartilage Thickness Based on Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2008)

The objective of this work was to develop a methodology for measuring cartilage thickness in anatomically based subregions in the tibial and in the central weight-bearing femoral cartilage from magnetic resonance (MR) images. The tibial plateau was divided into a central area of the total subchondral bone area (tAB), and anterior, posterior, internal, and external subregions surrounding it. In the weight-bearing femoral condyles, central, internal, and external subregions were determined. The Euclidean distance between the tAB and cartilage surface was used for determining cartilage thickness. The reproducibility of the method was evaluated on test-retest data sets of 12 participants (six healthy, six with osteoarthritis). The subregion size was varied systematically to study the influence on the reproducibility. The size of the subregions was highly consistent under conditions of repositioning (standard deviation 0.0%-0.3%). The precision errors for regional mean cartilage thickness measurements ranged from 19 microm (1.5%) to 84 microm (4.7%). The computation of regional cartilage thickness values from segmented MR images is shown to be highly reproducible and robust under conditions of joint repositioning. In longitudinal studies, this technique may substantially enhance the ability of quantitative MRI to monitor structural changes in osteoarthritis at narrow time intervals.
New species of insectivores from British East Africa, Uganda, And The Sudan (1910)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Investigation of the Conformational Influences on the Estrogenic Activity of 1,2‐Bis(2,6‐dichloro‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐ethylenediamines and of their Platinum(II) Complexes, II: Synthesis and Studies on the Estrogenic Activity of <i>cis</i>‐ and <i>trans</i>[Bis(2,6‐dichloro‐4‐hydroxybenzylamine)]dihaloplatinum(II)‐Complexes (1994)

2,6-Dichloro-4-hydroxybenzylamine (1) and its N-methyl (2) and N-ethyl (3) derivatives were synthesized and tested for estrogen receptor affinity as well as for estrogenic activity. In contrast to their related highly active 1,2-bis(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamines (meso-4 - meso-6) none of the benzylamines showed hormonal activity. The coordination of the benzylamine 1 to platinum did not lead to an estrogenic compound. The reasons for the different activity of [meso- 1,2(bis-2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamine]dichloroplatinum(II ) (meso-4-PtCl2) and cis[bis(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzylamine)]dichloroplatinum(II) (cis-1-PtCl2), the latter of which can be considered as a ring-opened counterpart of the highly active meso-4-PtCl2, are thoroughly discussed under inclusion of conformational facts. The results of this and the preceding work show, that the pharmacophore meso-1,2-bis(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamine (meso-4) which is exclusively responsible for the estrogenic activity of meso-4-PtCl2 causes comparable hormonal effects in two different conformations with O-O distances of about 8 A (complex) and of about 12 A (diamine). Therefore, we discuss two binding sites for estrogens in their receptor.