gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eagle Ford Completion Optimization Strategies Using Horizontal Logging Data (2013)

Summary URTeC 1571745 Four operators drilling in the Eagle Ford Shale Play located in South Texas, USA joined Schlumberger in an initiative to acquire various types of open hole logging data in several horizontal wells, and then use the data to design the completions with optimum fracture stage and perforation cluster positioning. The wells were then evaluated with horizontal production logs to gauge the effectiveness of using the log data to engineer the completions. This paper will outline the processes used to acquire the data, the analyses made on that data, application, results and conclusion. The study draws on previous work showing perforation cluster contribution variation in several shale plays including the Eagle Ford (Miller, 2011), and other documented results showing the effect of targeting similarly stressed rock for fracture treatments (Waters, 2011). The main objective was to improve the initial flow capacity of the well by increasing the number of perforation clusters contributing to production. Another related objective was to determine the optimal horizontal logging program that was needed to characterize the rock with minimal interruption to existing work flows. This paper will show the results of data acquired over 12 horizontal wells in the Eagle Ford Shale. Petrophysical and geomechanical analyses were based on horizontal logging measurements and used as inputs to an engineered completion design tool that generated a recommendation on each well design. The design tool grouped intervals with similar properties for stimulation treatment. Following the treatment, horizontal production logs were run through the zones to measure the perforation cluster contribution. The results of the study have the potential to change the way Unconventional Resources are developed. Recent trends have seen a shift away from data acquisition to blind geometrical fracturing. This paper examines the value of acquiring petrophysical data in the lateral section and its application to completion optimization, the minimization of wasted resources, and the impact on early production.
Spin-saturation transfer in an exchanging system: 4-Hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-ones (1975)

P.m.r. studies of the substituted 4-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-ones (1a-d) in acetone solution show the presence of two slowly interconverting species which correspond to free and hydrogen-bonded forms of these compounds. Double resonance experiments show the transfer of spin saturation between solute molecules in these different environments.
Risk of Progression to Active Tuberculosis Following Reinfection With Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2012)

Individuals with latent tuberculosis had 79% lower risk of progressive tuberculosis after reinfection than uninfected individuals. The risk reduction estimated in this study is greater than most previous estimates made through population models.
Contact allergy to fragrances: frequencies of sensitization from 1996 to 2002. Results of the IVDK* (2004)

Increasing frequencies of sensitization to the fragrance mix (FM) have been acknowledged as a serious problem for many years. It is well known that the single compounds (SCs) of the FM contribute differently to the FM patch rest reactions. In this study, we were interested in the time trends of the FM, the SCs, Myroxylon pereirae resin (MP; balsam of Peru) and oil of turpentine (OT) as possible further indicators of perfume allergy and analysed the data collected by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology multicentre project from 1996 to 2002. During the study period (1996-2002), the FM [8% petrolatum (pet.)], MP (25% pet.) and OT (1% pet.) were tested in 59,298, 59,334 and 59,478 patients, respectively. SCs were tested in a selected group of patients, ranging from n = 1083 to n = 1924 per year. A significant increase in the proportions of patients with positive reactions to FM, MP and OT between 1996 and 1998 is noted, and a significant decline from 1999 to 2002 (Cochrane Armitage trend test, P < 0.0001). The highest frequency of sensitization to the FM was 13.1% in 1999, and the lowest 7.8% in 2002. The number of concomitant reactions to OT, a surrogate marker for terpenes, in FM-positive patients was significantly increased between 1997 and 1999. Reactions to SCs in FM-positive patients were observed in 29.9% (oak moss absolute) to 5.9% (geraniol). There was no time trend in reactions to SCs, although the relative share was increased for isoeugenol, cinnamic aldehyde and geraniol in 1999. In summary, we report for the first time, a significant decline in sensitization to the FM, very probably due to a reduced exposure (less potent allergens used in fine fragrances, possibly less use of natural ingredient-based cosmetics and lowered use concentration of important fragrance allergens). The differences in ranking of SCs could stimulate (a) a redefinition of the FM and (b) a differentiated preventive and regulatory approach, with oak moss and isoeugenol being regulated strictly by prohibition, concentration limits further reconsidered and/or health warnings and clearly less noxious substances like geraniol treated less restrictively.
Die Praxis des organischen Chemikers (1940)

This title from the De Gruyter Book Archive has been digitized in order to make it available for academic research. It was originally published under National Socialism and has to be viewed in this historical context. Learn more . >
Design of a modified mouse protein with ligand binding properties of its human analog by molecular dynamics simulations: The case of C3 inhibition by compstatin (2011)

The peptide compstatin and its derivatives inhibit the complement-component protein C3 in primate mammals and are potential therapeutic agents against the unregulated activation of complement in humans, but are inactive against C3 from lower mammals. Recent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the most potent compstatin analog comprised entirely of natural amino acids (W4A9) had a smaller affinity for rat C3, due to reproducible changes in the rat protein structure with respect to the human protein, which eliminated or weakened specific protein-ligand interactions seen in the human C3:W4A9 complex. Here, we study by MD simulations three W4A9 complexes with the mouse C3 protein, and two "transgenic" mouse derivatives, containing a small number (6-9) of human C3 substitutions. The mouse complex experiences the conformational changes and affinity reduction of the rat complex. In the "transgenic" complexes, the conformation remains closer to that of the human complex, the protein-ligand interactions are improved, and the affinity for compstatin becomes "human-like." The present work creates new avenues for a compstatin-sensitive animal model. A similar strategy, involving the comparison of a series of complexes by MD simulations, could be used to design "transgenic" sequences in other systems.
Inversion of seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection traveltimes for three-dimensional layered crustal structure (2001)

We present a method for the determination of crustal structure by simultaneous inversion of seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection traveltimes for 3-D interface geometry and layer velocity. Crustal structure is represented by layers in which velocity varies linearly with depth, separated by smooth interfaces with a cubic B-spline parametrization. Lateral variations in structure are therefore represented by variations in interface depth only. The model parametrization we have chosen means that ray paths consist of piecewise circular arc segments for which analytic expressions of trajectory and traveltime are calculated. The two-point problem of finding the first-arrival ray path and traveltime of a specified phase between a given source and receiver is solved using a shooting technique. A subspace inversion method is used to solve the inverse problem, which is formulated as a non-linear optimization problem in which we seek to minimize an objective function that consists of a data residual term and a regularization term. Before performing the inversion, each data pick must be assigned as a refraction or reflection from a particular layer or interface. Since our method represents structure in terms of interfaces, fewer parameters would generally be used in a reconstruction compared to an equivalent 3-D variable-velocity inversion. The method is well suited to wide-angle surveys that consist of many sources and relatively few receivers (or vice versa), such as marine shot lines used in conjunction with land-based receivers. Data coverage in this kind of survey is often sparse and, especially if near-offset ray paths are unavailable, highly variable. A 3-D synthetic test with an array consisting of eight sources lying within a three-sided square of 79 receivers is described. The test model consists of a three-interface structure that includes a layer pinch-out, and the synthetic data set comprises 987 refraction and 930 reflection travel times contaminated with 75 ms of data noise. Six iterations of an 18-D subspace method demonstrate that the method can produce an accurate reconstruction that satisfies the data from a 1-D starting model. We also find that estimates of a posteriori model covariance and resolution obtained from linear theory are useful in analysing solution reliability despite the non-linear nature of the problem. Application of the method to data collected as part of the 1995 TASGO project in Tasmania shows that the method can satisfy 1345 refraction and reflection traveltime picks with a geologically reasonable and robust 254-parameter three-interface model. The inversion results indicate that the Moho beneath NW Tasmania varies in depth from 27 km near the coast to 37 km near central Tasmania, with the major increase in depth occurring across the Arthur Lineament.
Particle & Particle Systems Characterization (2006)

Graphical Abstract In article number 2200170, Lionel C. Gontard and co-workers use the algorithm TEMAS for accurately measuring particle size distributions in transmission electron microscopy images that combines multi-template matching and adaptive segmentation. The method is validated on samples of Pt, Pt-Fe, and Au nanoparticles with single- and core-shell structures and supported on different materials. The images and the ground truth measurements presented here are shared as an open dataset.
Cytokine biomarkers of COVID-19 (2020)

Abstract We used a new strategy to screen cytokines associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cytokines that can classify populations in different states of SARS-CoV-2 infection were first screened in cross-sectional serum samples from 184 subjects by 2 statistical analyses. The resultant cytokines were then analyzed for their interrelationships and fluctuating features in sequential samples from 38 COVID-19 patients. Three cytokines, M-CSF, IL-8 and SCF, which were clustered into 3 different correlation groups and had relatively small fluctuations during SARS-CoV-2 infection, were selected for the construction of a multiclass classification model. This model discriminated healthy individuals and asymptomatic and nonsevere patients with accuracy of 77.4% but was not successful in classifying severe patients. Further searching led to a single cytokine, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which classified severe from nonsevere COVID-19 patients with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 97.9% under a cutoff value of 1128 pg/ml. The level of this cytokine did not increase in nonsevere patients but was significantly elevated in severe patients. Considering its potent antiinflammatory function, we suggest that HGF might be a new candidate therapy for critical COVID-19. In addition, our new strategy provides not only a rational and effective way to focus on certain cytokine biomarkers for infectious diseases but also a new opportunity to probe the modulation of cytokines in the immune response.
High-Efficiency Upconversion Luminescent Sensing and Bioimaging of Hg(II) by Chromophoric Ruthenium Complex-Assembled Nanophosphors (2011)

A chromophoric ruthenium complex-assembled nanophosphor (N719-UCNPs) was achieved as a highly selective water-soluble probe for upconversion luminescence sensing and bioimaging of intracellular mercury ions. The prepared nanophosphors were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Further application of N719-UCNPs in sensing Hg(2+) was confirmed by optical titration experiment and upconversion luminescence live cell imaging. Using the ratiometric upconversion luminescence as a detection signal, the detection limit of Hg(2+) for this nanoprobe in water was down to 1.95 ppb, lower than the maximum level (2 ppb) of Hg(2+) in drinking water set by the United States EPA. Importantly, the nanoprobe N719-UCNPs has been shown to be capable of monitoring changes in the distribution of Hg(2+) in living cells by upconversion luminescence bioimaging.
A Multimodal Biometric System Implemented within an Active Database Management System (2007)

Active databases have been used in many different fields to accomplish many different tasks. One of the main problems today that still have not been solved is authorization. In some situations it is enough that user knows e.g. password, in other situations it is enough that user posses e.g. a smart card, but, there are also situations where user’s unique physical or psychological characteristics need to be measured. In this paper we are going to put accent on this third possibility. We will show how the concept of complex events presented in the active database theory could be used in order to build a multimodal biometric system. Especially, we will explore the paradigm of active rules and complex events, and apply them in order to implement a multimodal biometric system.
The Preparation of Some Py-Amino Quinolines and Derivatives (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Some Py-Amino Quinolines and DerivativesR. R. Renshaw and H. L. FriedmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 12, 3320–3322Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01267a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01267a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views498Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parallel optical interconnections for future broad band systems, based on the "fibre in board technology" (2002)

A novel interconnection technology based on the integration of glass optical fibres in a standard printed circuit board is presented to overcome the interconnection bottleneck in the nest generation of broad band switching fabrics. Within these systems, the parallel electro-optical modules will be: integrated on the switching board itself which has a switching capacity of 20 Gbit/s. A robust and automated technology is used for the realisation of optical interconnections between these electro-optical (E/O) modules and the off-board connectors at the edge of the board. Dedicated surface optical contacts have been developed, capable of handling 16 parallel channels. These surface optical contacts can be integrated everywhere on the board and can be used for mounting an electro-optical module or a multifibre connector compatible with this technology. Electro-optical modules (8 channel transmitters and 4 channel receivers) and multifibre optical back panel connectors have been integrated on an engineering prototype for the evaluation of the technology. Off-board links, over 200 m MM (graded index) fibre, and on-board links are operational at 622 Mbit/s. The boards have been subjected to reliability tests and preliminary results reveal no degradation of the board after thermal cycling. Precision moulding techniques are presented to make the proposed technology more cost-effective and suitable for volume production.
Reciprocal modulation of growth and liver functions of mature rat hepatocytes in primary culture by an extract of hepatic plasma membranes. (1984)

A cell-surface modulator with the ability to mimic the reciprocal effects of cell density on cell growth and liver-specific functions of mature rat hepatocytes in primary culture (Nakamura, T., Yoshimoto, K., Nakayama, Y., Tomita, Y., and Ichihara, A. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 7229-7233) was solubilized with 4% octyl glucoside and 4 M guanidine HCl from plasma membranes purified from adult rat liver. The membrane-free modulator showed activities for inhibition of DNA synthesis stimulated by insulin with epidermal growth factor and stimulation of tyrosine aminotransferase induction by dexamethasone. The apparent Mr of the factor was estimated as 670,000 by gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-400 column equilibrated with 0.5% octyl glucoside and 4 M guanidine HCl. The modulator was heat-labile and sensitive to trypsin. These results suggest that the reciprocal regulations of cell growth and hepatocyte-specific functions are mediated via cell to cell contact by a cell-surface modulator(s) that is an integral membrane protein.
Preparation of the Methylfluorosilanes (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of the MethylfluorosilanesArthur E. NewkirkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 12, 2736–2737Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01216a518https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01216a518research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cation-Selective Color Sensors Composed of Ionophore−Phospholipid−Polydiacetylene Mixed Vesicles (2000)

Supramolecular assemblies of vesicles composed of ionophores and phospholipids embedded in a matrix of polymerized diacetylene [PDA] lipids are shown to undergo visible color changes in the presence of ions in solution. The blue-to-red color transitions of the vesicles are directly related to binding of the cations to the ionophores, and their association with the lipids. The system detects cations in submillimolar concentrations and demonstrates a significant ionic selectivity, in particular between the physiologically important ions Na+ and K+.
Replacement of chordae tendineae with Gore-Tex sutures: a ten-year experience. (1996)

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures are excellent for chordal replacement during mitral valve repair and do not fail during the first decade following surgery. This material has allowed us to increase the probability of successful mitral valve repair in patients with degenerative disease of the mitral valve and prolapse of both leaflets.
Classification and properties of 64 multiplexed microsphere sets (1998)

We describe a practical method for the analysis of multiple analytes in a single sample. The vehicle for each separate measurement consists of a set of microspheres identifiable by characteristic fluorophores embedded in the particles. The use of robust, bench-top flow cytometers (flow microfluorimeters) for the analysis of the multiple sets of microspheres is facilitated by hardware and software, which acquire the data from the cytometer, classify the microspheres according to sets, and collate measurement information from each microsphere set in real time. This measurement system can analyze up to 64 analytes in a single sample. The advantages of multiplexed assays using flow cytometry include robust measurements, because each microsphere set is measured repeatedly. The advantage of the assay's is consistent with simultaneous measurement of many parameters as well as the speed with which the flow microfluorimeter (cytometer) makes measurements (many hundreds per second). Here, we describe the properties of the microspheres, the calibration of the cytometer, and the influence of the properties of the microspheres on the sensitivity of measurements. Cytometry 33:234-243, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Tongue-operated assistive technology with access to common smartphone applications via Bluetooth link (2012)

Tongue Drive System (TDS) is a wireless and wearable assistive technology (AT) that enables people with severe disabilities to control their computers, wheelchairs, and electronic gadgets using their tongue motion. We developed the TDS to control smartphone's (iPhone/iPod Touch) built-in and downloadable apps with a customized Bluetooth mouse module by emulating finger taps on the touchscreen. The TDS-iPhone Bluetooth mouse interface was evaluated by four able-bodied subjects to complete a scenario consisting of seven tasks, which were randomly ordered by using touch on the iPhone screen with index finger, a computer mouse on iPhone, and TDS-iPhone Bluetooth mouse interface with tongue motion. Preliminary results show that the average completion times of a scenario with touch, mouse, and TDS are 165.6 ± 14.50 s, 186.1 ± 15.37 s, and 651.6 ± 113.4 s, respectively, showing that the TDS is 84.37% and 81.16% slower than touch and mouse for speed of typing with negligible errors. Overall, considering the limited number of commands and unfamiliarity of the subjects with the TDS, we achieved acceptable results for hands-free functionality.