gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic use of tumor markers, rationale-clinical applications and pitfalls. (1996)

The dynamic evaluation of tumor markers is a promising area of investigation which is expected to provide clinical information when serial samples are available from the same patient. This is feasible in the post-operatory evaluation, during the follow-up after the treatment for to the primary tumor and in the monitoring of the treatment for metastatic disease. Variations among serial samples may be assessed using both empirical and mathematical approaches. Empirical approaches rely on overcoming a given percentage usually chosen on the base of arbitrary decisions. Mathematical approaches include the actual half-life, the doubling time, a dose/time regression analysis and the calculation of the critical difference. The two former are currently used in clinical practice whereas the two latter are still matter of investigation. As concerns the assessment of the radicality of the surgery for the primary tumor, the serum markers are used in germ cell tumors and in prostate cancer. The half-life of the markers is the decision criteria used in germ cell cancers, while in prostate cancer PSA is expected to be undetectable more than 30 days after the radical prostatectomy. Tumor markers are currently used during the follow-up of several malignancies after the treatment for primary tumor. Although several samples are available, decision criteria are still based on positive/negative cut-off values in several instances. Promising dynamic approaches are under investigation and are expected to lead to earlier and probably more accurate information concerning the disease progression. A critical point still under debate is the actual impact of tumor markers on patients' survival in malignancies incurable when metastatic, such as colorectal cancer and breast cancer. This matter urgently demands perspective clinical studies. Finally, the dynamic use of tumor markers is now commonly applied in the monitoring of the therapy for metastatic malignancies. In this clinical setting mathematical criteria are used for ovarian and and germ cell tumors with promising results. Nevertheless, the use of empirical criteria, namely the percentage of variation between two consecutive samples, is successfully used for the monitoring of the therapy of metastatic breast cancer. In conclusion, when several samples are available from an individual patient they may be evaluated according to dynamic criteria instead of referring to a conventional positive/negative cut-off point. Although mathematical decision criteria are expected to provide more reliable data, empirical approaches are used as well and provide useful information in decision making.
How<i>Escherichia coli</i>Infects the Urinary Tract (1989)

Urinary tract infections are a common cause of morbidity, especially among otherwise healthy women of childbearing age. Antibiotic therapy will cure the infection in approximately 80 percent of such women; additional episodes occur in the rest. Most recurrent infections are not due to inadequate treatment of the original infection. Instead, they are new infections with different bacterial strains, which occur in women without demonstrable structural or neurologic abnormalities of the urinary tract. Such women are considered to be "infection-prone." In 80 to 90 percent of such cases a single bacterial species, Escherichia coli, is the responsible pathogen.Prospective studies . . .
Experimental research on fibrin clot permeability with albumin present (2009)

Fibrin clots are characterized by low permeability, which affects the spatial aspects of the coagulation process. Between blood plasma albumins noncovalent interactions are possible. The hypothesis that albumin accumulates in clots was examined. It was shown that albumin can not bind with fibrin clots in noticeable quantities, i.e., its presence has no impact on clot permeability neither during formation nor after-wards. During filtration at the free clot boundary a hardening zone resembling compacted clots in its permeability is formed.
Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in pre-diabetes (2015)

With the continuous improvement of people's living standard, more and more people are in pre-diabetes state. Pre-diabetes is the key to the development of diabetes, and early intervention can reduce the incidence of diabetes, and prevent transforming pre-diabetes to diabetes in order to maintain the health status of the patient. By retrieving the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database of nearly five years on pre-diabetes intervention literature, it was found that traditional Chinese medicine interventions in pre-diabetes have a relatively new understanding. Through the traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, acupoint massage, and combine traditional Chinese and western medicine, medicinal food, eight brocade etc intervention therapy in patients with pre-diabetes, the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications can be effectively prevented.

Key words: 
Pre-diabetes; Traditional Chinese medicine; Intervention
Summary of Researches on Basis Risk in Weather Index Insurance (2019)

Agricultural weather index insurance overcomes the technology and management problems existing in traditional agricultural insurance, and can effectively transfer agricultural meteorological disasters risk, providing strong guarantee for farmers with small production scale and scattered land. Although weather index insurance has many advantages, governments around the world have made a lot of efforts to expand the coverage, but farmers' demand is still not high. One of the reasons is basis risk. How to reduce it, and improve the operational efficiency of weather index insurance is an important issue that needs to be solved urgently. This paper has summarized researches on the theories and practices of weather index insurance at home and abroad, and systematically comments on the basis risk’s definition, formation mechanism, quantitative methods and management measures. In order to provide useful ideas and references for the development of China's weather index insurance and the future research on basis risk.
Integrated Adaptive Traffic Signal Control with Real-Time Decision Support (2010)

This paper presents the development of a new integrated adaptive signal control decision support system (ACDSS) and its implementation for two New York City arterials. Featuring mixed control objectives for both under and oversaturated traffic, the system integrates a Just-in-Time (JIT) microscopic traffic simulation framework, enabling the operator to supervise, review, and interact with signal operations in real-time by verifying algorithm-optimized strategies against other alternatives. This operator-in-the-loop element is viewed as important for achieving robust and reliable operations especially for congested conditions, where the boundaries of different control objectives are hardly definite. In addition to the operator-in-the-loop mode, the new system also supports autonomous signal optimization without operator interactions. Integral to the ACDSS development is the design of SOAP web service based communication channels for retrieving high-resolution traffic data, transmitting optimized signal plans real-time, and interfacing with the control infrastructure. Current implementation covers two arterials in New York City, i.e., Victory Boulevard in Staten Island with 4 intersections (ready to “go live” as of Fall 2009) and a section of Route 9A in Manhattan with 22 intersections.
Laser control of the electron wave function in transmission electron microscopy (2018)

Laser-based preparation, manipulation, and readout of the states of quantum particles has become a powerful research tool that has enabled the most precise measurements of time, fundamental constants, and electromagnetic fields. Laser control of free electrons can improve the detection of electrons' interaction with material objects, thereby advancing the exploration of matter on the atomic scale. For example, temporal modulation of electron waves with light has enabled the study of transient processes with attosecond resolution. In contrast, laser-based spatial shaping of the electron wave function has not yet been realized, even though it could be harnessed to probe radiation-sensitive systems, such as biological macromolecules, at the standard quantum limit and beyond. Here, we demonstrate laser control of the spatial phase profile of the electron wave function and apply it to enhance the image contrast in transmission electron microscopy. We first realize an electron interferometer, using continuous-wave laser-induced retardation to coherently split the electron beam, and capture TEM images of the light wave. We then demonstrate Zernike phase contrast by using the laser beam to shift the phase of the electron wave scattered by a specimen relative to the unscattered wave. Laser-based Zernike phase contrast will advance TEM studies of protein structure, cell organization, and complex materials. The versatile coherent control of free electrons demonstrated here paves the way towards quantum-limited detection and new imaging modalities.
Overview of continuous optimization advances and applications to circuit tuning (2001)

This paper surveys the state-of-the-art in continuous nonlinear optimization and makes the case that due to tremendous recent progress, larger and more complex problems can be solved than previously thought possible. The two basic paradigms, trust-region and line-search methods, are briefly described. In addition, various nonlinear optimization techniques are reviewed. The application of these nonlinear optimization methods to circuit sizing is presented by describing a pair of circuit sizing tools, one for dynamic tuning and one for tuning based on static timing analysis. Particular emphasis has been given to the customization of nonlinear optimization to the circuit sizing application.
The sphR product, a two-component system response regulator protein, regulates phosphate assimilation in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 by binding to two sites upstream from the phoA promoter (1994)

In the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942, the sphS and sphR genes were previously suggested to encode a typical pair of two-component signal transduction proteins. A deletion mutant strain lacking these genes failed to exhibit induction of alkaline phosphatase, the phoA gene product, in response to phosphate limitation in the medium. The SphR protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and then purified to near homogeneity. A truncated form of the SphS polypeptide (named SphS*) was also isolated. Here, we demonstrate that purified SphR is phosphorylated by phosphotransfer from SphS and binds to two distinct sites upstream from the phoA promoter. From these results, we conclude that the SphS and SphR proteins are directly involved in the regulation of phoA transcription in response to phosphate limitation in Synechococcus species.
Synthesis of subgenomic mRNA's of mouse hepatitis virus is initiated independently: evidence from UV transcription mapping (1981)

The target sizes of the templates for the synthesis of the genome-sized RNA and the six subgenomic RNAs found in cells infected with mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 were determined by UV transcription mapping. Infected Sac(-) cells were irradiated at 6 h postinfection, the time when virus-specific RNA synthesis starts to increase exponentially. The effect of increasing UV doses on the synthesis of the individual RNAs was determined by quantitation of these RNAs after separation by agarose gel electrophoresis. The UV target sizes calculated for the templates were almost identical to the physical sizes of the RNAs. The results of these experiments seem to exclude the possibility that the subgenomic RNAs are processed or spliced from a common precursor. The data are consistent with independent initiation of transcription on a genome-sized, negative-stranded template or on smaller templates.
A New Method to Analyze the Similarity of RNA Sequence (2010)

This paper introduces a new method to analyze the similarity of RNA sequence,and then we use the method to analyze 11 different species of RNase P RNA.We have got some reasonable results by this invariant,which indicates the validity of our method.
The simplest subdivision scheme for smoothing polyhedra (1997)

Given a polyhedron, construct a new polyhedron by connecting every edge-midpoint to its four neighboring edge-midpoints. This refinement rule yields a C 1 surface and the surface has a piecewise quadratic parametrozation except at a finite number of isolated points. We analyze and improve the construction.
Photosensitized electron transfer processes in SiO <sub>2</sub> colloids and sodium lauryl sulfate micellar systems: Correlation of quantum yields with interfacial surface potentials (1981)

The effectiveness of negatively charged colloidal SiO(2) particles in controlling photosensitized electron transfer reactions has been studied and compared with that of the negatively charged sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLauSO(4)) micellar system. In particular, the photosensitized reduction of the zwitterionic electron acceptor propylviologen sulfonate (PVS(0)) with tris(2,2'-bipyridinium)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bipy)(3) (2+)] as the sensitizer and triethanolamine as the electron donor is found to have a quantum yield of 0.033 for formation of the radical anion (PVS([unk])) in the SiO(2) colloid compared with 0.005 in the homogeneous system and 0.0086 in a NaLauSO(4) micellar solution. The higher quantum yields obtained with the SiO(2) colloidal system are attributed to substantial stabilization against back reaction of the intermediate photoproducts-i.e., Ru(bipy)(3) (3+) and PVS([unk])-by electrostatic repulsion of the reduced electron acceptor from the negatively charged particle surface. The binding properties of the SiO(2) particles and NaLauSO(4) micelles were investigated by flow dialysis. The results show that the sensitizer binds to both interfaces and that the SiO(2) interface is characterized by a much higher surface potential than the micellar interface ( approximately -170 mV vs. -85 mV). The effect of ionic strength on the surface potential was estimated from the Gouy-Chapman theory, and the measured quantum yields of photosensitized electron transfer were correlated with surface potential at different ionic strengths. This correlation shows that the quantum yield is not affected by surface potentials smaller than approximately -40 mV. At larger potentials, the quantum yield increases rapidly. The quantum yield obtained in the micellar system at different strengths fits nicely on the correlation curve for the colloid SiO(2) system. These results indicate that the surface potential is the dominant factor in the quantum yield improvement for PVS(0) reduction.
Pyrazolo[3,4‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidine Derivatives as COX‐2 Selective Inhibitors: Synthesis and Molecular Modelling Studies (2009)

The pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine system shows a multitude of interesting pharmacological properties. Owing to the potential anti-inflammatory activity of 5-benzamido-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives and considering the easy synthesis of this class of compounds, a set of new 5-benzamido-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones has been prepared in 42-80% yields by reacting 5-aminopyrazole-4(N-benzoyl)carbohydrazide derivatives and the opportune triethylorthoesters. Compounds 8a, b, 10a-d, and 11a, b revealed a superior inhibitory profile against COX-2, when compared to that of reference standards NS398 and indomethacin. Molecular modelling studies confirmed the obtained biological results.
12주간 고혈압 중년 남성들의 산림 걷기운동이 생리 및 심리적 요인에 미치는 영향 (2016)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of forest walking exercise on physiological and psychological factors in the middle-aged men with hypertension. The subjects of this study were total 30persons(forest walking exercise group: 15persons, control group(normal walking): 15persons), who are residents of 1~2stage hypertension men in G city. Subjects in forest walking exercise group performed their assigned walking exercise 40~60m/day, 3d/w for 12weeks. The research method of physiological factors is measure of blood pressure, heart rate variability(HRV), lactate, SOD and MDA. The research method of psychological factors is using questionnaires of POMS, HRSD and BDI scale. Data obtained at pre and post test were compared between two groups test utilizing two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results of this present study were as follows: In blood pressure, forest walking exercise group had significant difference between pre and post 12weeks forest walking exercise program, and control group had significant difference. In HRV factors, forest walking exercise group had significant difference between pre and post 12weeks forest walking exercise program, and control group had significant difference. In lactate, forest walking exercise group had significant difference between pre and post 12weeks forest walking exercise program, but control group had no significant difference. In SOD and MDA factor, forest walking exercise group had significant difference between pre and post 12weeks forest walking exercise program, but control group had no significant difference. In POMS, forest walking exercise group had significant difference between pre and post 12weeks forest walking exercise program, but control group had no significant difference. In HRSD and BDI factor, forest walking exercise group had significant difference between pre and post 12weeks forest walking exercise program, and control group had significant difference. It was concluded that middle-aged men were improved by exercise training of forest walking exercise was more effective for CVD health promotion.
An adaptive quality of service aware middleware for replicated services (2003)

A dependable middleware should be able to adaptively share the distributed resources it manages in order to meet diverse application requirements, even when the quality of service (QoS) is degraded due to uncertain variations in load and unanticipated failures. We have addressed this issue in the context of a dependable middleware that adaptively manages replicated servers to deliver a timely and consistent response to time-sensitive client applications. These applications have specific temporal and consistency requirements, and can tolerate a certain degree of relaxed consistency in exchange for better response time. We propose a flexible QoS model that allows clients to specify their timeliness and consistency constraints. We also propose an adaptive framework that dynamically selects replicas to service a client's request based on the prediction made by probabilistic models. These models use the feedback from online performance monitoring of the replicas to provide probabilistic guarantees for meeting a client's QoS specification. The experimental results we have obtained demonstrate the role of feedback and the efficacy of simple analytical models for adaptively sharing the available replicas among the users under different workload scenarios.
Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay for Detecting Protein–Protein Interactions In Vivo (2004)

Mammalian two-hybrid assay is a convenient, powerful tool to investigate protein-protein interactions in vivo. In particular, this method has a major advantage over the better known yeast version in that one can study interactions between mammalian proteins that may not fold correctly in yeast or that require post-translational modification or external stimulation that are not present in yeast.
Methane Conversion to Syngas for Gas-to-Liquids (GTL): Is Sustainable CO<sub>2</sub> Reuse via Dry Methane Reforming (DMR) Cost Competitive with SMR and ATR Processes? (2015)

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and is obtained as a waste via burning various forms of fuels. Syngas is an intermediate in large-scale long-chain hydrocarbon (C10–C20 alkanes and alcohols) production processes via Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis, typically to obtain high quality fuels. Thus, it is of particular interest to engineer syngas production processes for FT that can consume various combustion process waste CO2 in the process and thus partially contribute to the sustainable carbon neutral fuel synthesis. In this work, a quantitative economic comparison of five alternative processes is presented for the production of synthesis gas with a hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide ratio of 2, which is suitable for feeding to the Fischer–Tropsch gas-to-liquid process. Combinations of steam methane reforming (SMR), dry methane reforming (DMR), autothermal reforming (ATR) and reverse water gas shift (RWGS) are explored. An amine absorber/stripper system is used for carbon dioxide removal. The effects of the cost of natural gas and of liquid oxygen and the magnitude of a potential carbon tax are demonstrated. With current prices of raw materials, the configuration with the lowest total annual cost (TAC) features a system composed of both SMR and DMR reactors.
Adaptive robust nonlinear design of course keeping ship steering autopilot (2005)

This paper develops an adaptive robust control design strategy for automatic steering of ships with unknown parameters under unknown environmental disturbances induced by wave, wind, and ocean current. Based on the incorporation of the Nussbaum-type function into backstepping design and some technical lemmas, the proposed design method does not require a priori knowledge of the sign of the unknown coefficient. It is proved that the designed adaptive robust controller can guarantee the uniform ultimate boundedness of the resulting closed-loop system signals. The control performance can be guaranteed by an appropriate choice of the design parameters. Simulation results on a 45 meters long ship are presented to validate the proposed controller.
Poly(4,7,10-trioxaundecylmethylsilylene) and Poly(4,7,10,13-tetraoxatetradecylmethylsilylene): Nonionic Water-Soluble Polysilylenes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(4,7,10-trioxaundecylmethylsilylene) and Poly(4,7,10,13-tetraoxatetradecylmethylsilylene): Nonionic Water-Soluble PolysilylenesCornelis A. van Walree, Thomas J. Cleij, Jan W. Zwikker, and Leonardus W. JenneskensCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 25, 8696–8698Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00129a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00129a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts