gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FlexNet wide area monitoring system (2011)

This paper presents the results of collaborative research from the SUPERGEN FlexNet Consortium into Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC). The focus of the research addresses the design and development of an optimal WAMPAC architecture, communication infrastructure and real-time WAMPAC applications which will play an important role in future GB power network operation and understanding. The article concludes with an assessment of inter-area oscillations based on data records captured by the wide area monitoring system (WAMS) established as part of the FlexNet project.
Toba: Java For Applications: A Way Ahead of Time (WAT) Compiler (1997)

Toba is a system for generating efficient standalone Java applications. Toba includes a Java-bytecode-to-C compiler, a garbage collector, a threads package, and Java API support. Toba-compiled Java applications execute 1.5--4.2 times faster than interpreted and Just-In-Time compiled applications. 1 Introduction Java [GYT96] is an object-oriented language designed by Sun Microsystems that supports mobile code, i.e., executable code that runs on a variety of platforms. Although the language is interesting in its own right, Java&apos;s popularity stems from its promise of &quot;write once, run anywhere.&quot; Mobile code proponents envision a future of location-independentcode moving about the Internet and running on any platform. Java&apos;s mobility is achieved by compiling its object classes into a distribution format called a class file. A class file contains information about the Java class, including bytecodes, an architecturally-neutral representation of the instructions associated with the class&apos;s ...
Flexible fault tolerance for distributed computer systems (1986)

Many applications have a need for different degrees of fault tolerance in the same system. The paper presents the software architecture of a fault-tolerant distributed system which supports both cold and hot standby redundancy of selected software modules. Cold standby modules are created and activated by the system in order to replace failed modules, but no state information is preserved. Hot standby modules do preserve state information and provide transparent recovery from failures. A technique is used that allows modules to be programmed without fault-tolerance in mind; afterwards they can be transformed in order to achieve that capability. These two types of redundancy are supported by common mechanisms which provide for detection of failures and reconfiguration of the software modules of the application. Reconfiguration is also used to recover the reliability of the system by providing further standby modules to replace failed ones. We believe that this approach provides a simple, flexible, and practical approach for the provision of fault tolerance in distributed embedded systems.
<i>In vitro</i> differentiation and biocompatibility of mesenchymal stem cells on a novel platelet releasate‐containing injectable composite (2011)

Underlying changes in subchondral and cancellous bone precede joint degeneration in spinal discs, knees, hips, and other joints. We hypothesize that an early bone remodeling intervention therapy may alleviate or postpone the later manifestation of joint failure. Utilization of a novel biomaterial for injection deliverability to the underlying subchondral and cancellous bone during the onset of osseous changes, before severe cartilaginous damage, is proposed. In this preliminary study, we introduced novel platelet releasate-containing alginate/calcium phosphate composites for this intervention therapy and evaluated them in vitro through mesenchymal stem cell biocompatibility and induction of osteochondral differentiation. DNA quantification and gene expression profiles suggested mesenchymal stem cells were directed along an osteochondral differentiation pathway, more specifically, to the immature nonhypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype. These conclusions were based on reduced mitogenic activity, a rapid upregulation followed by suppression of Runx2 transcription factor mRNA, sustained upregulation of Sox9 transcription factor mRNA and the absence of late marker expressions for both mature articular chondrocytes and osteoblasts over the course of 14 days. Initial findings in regard to the use of these materials for bone remodeling were positive and support the execution of future studies evaluating the inflammatory and angiogenic aspects of the materials. In this study, we have considered one of the many aspects of the endochondral ossification process; neovascularization and resorption of bone with an irregular physiology need to be evaluated.
Scheduling of manufacturing systems using the Lagrangian relaxation technique (1993)

The practical solutions for three manufacturing scheduling problems are examined. As each problem is formulated, constraints are added or modified to reflect increasing real world complexity. The first problem considers scheduling single-operation jobs on identical machines. The second problem is concerned with scheduling multiple-operation jobs with simple fork/join precedence constraints on identical machines. The third problem is the job shop problem in which multiple-operation jobs with general precedence constraints are scheduled on multiple machine types Langrangian relaxation is used to decompose each of the scheduling problems into job- or operation-level subproblems. The subproblems are easier to solve than the original problem and have intuitive appeal. This technique results in algorithms which generate near-optimal schedules efficiently, while giving a lower bound on the optimal cost. In resolving the scheduling problem from one time instant to the next, the Lagrange multipliers from the last schedule can be used to initialize the multipliers, further reducing the computation time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stimulation of arachidonic acid release and inhibition of mitogenesis by cloned genes for muscarinic receptor subtypes stably expressed in A9 L cells. (1988)

A family of genes encoding four distinct muscarinic receptors (designated m1-m4) has been cloned and stably expressed in A9 L cells. When the m1 and m3 receptors were stimulated with carbachol, there was a rapid rise of liberated arachidonic acid, inositol phosphates, and cAMP, while m2 and m4 receptor stimulation had no detectable stimulation of these second messengers. Pretreatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) caused a marked acceleration and amplification of m1 and m3 receptor-mediated arachidonic acid release. In contrast, m1- and m3-mediated inositol phosphate formation was inhibited by the same PMA pretreatment. Arachidonic acid release was unaffected by manipulations of cAMP levels. Arachidonic acid production was inhibited by calcium-free medium and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester (TMB-8; an inhibitor of cytosolic calcium mobilization) yet was unaffected by verapamil, a calcium-channel blocker. These experiments show that arachidonic acid release induced by the m1 and m3 receptors is regulated independently of phospholipase C and cAMP accumulation. Carbachol stimulation of the m1 and m3 cAMP accumulation. Carbachol stimulation of the m1 and m3 receptors also markedly decreased mitogenesis as measured by thymidine incorporation. The m1 receptor-mediated inhibition of mitogenesis could be partially blocked by indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. The inhibition of mitogenesis could be mimicked by cAMP elevation.
Capital Sentencing after Walton v. Arizona: A Retreat from the Death is Different Doctrine (1991)

The Court . . .has recognized that the qualitative difference of death from all other punishments requires a correspondingly greater degree of scrutiny of the capital sentencing determination.' INTRODUCTIONThe underlying assumption of modem eighth amendment 2 jurisprudence can be summarized simply: death is different. 3 The United States Supreme Court first gave precedential weight to this distinction between death and other punishment in its landmark rul-1.California v. Ramos, 463 U.
New insights into the functions and <i>N</i>‐glycan structures of factor X activator from Russell’s viper venom (2008)

The coagulation factor X activator from Russell's viper venom (RVV-X) is a heterotrimeric glycoprotein. In this study, its three subunits were cloned and sequenced from the venom gland cDNAs of Daboia siamensis. The deduced heavy chain sequence contained a C-terminal extension with four additional residues to that published previously. Both light chains showed 77-81% identity to those of a homologous factor X activator from Vipera lebetina venom. Far-western analyses revealed that RVV-X could strongly bind protein S, in addition to factors X and IX. This might inactivate protein S and potentiate the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome elicited by Russell's viper envenomation. The N-glycans released from each subunit were profiled and sequenced by MALDI-MS and MS/MS analyses of the permethyl derivatives. All the glycans, one on each light chain and four on the heavy chain, showed a heterogeneous pattern, with a combination of variable terminal fucosylation and sialylation on multiantennary complex-type sugars. Amongst the notable features were the presence of terminal Lewis and sialyl-Lewis epitopes, as confirmed by western blotting analyses. As these glyco-epitopes have specific receptors in the vascular system, they possibly contribute to the rapid homing of RVV-X to the vascular system, as supported by the observation that slower and fewer fibrinogen degradation products are released by desialylated RVV-X than by native RVV-X.
Chitosan Oligosaccharides Inhibit the Expression of Interleukin‐6 in Lipopolysaccharide‐induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Through p38 and ERK1/2 Protein Kinases (2009)

Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been reported to exert anti-fungal activities, antitumour activities and immuno-enhancing effects. However, the potential roles of COS in the treatment of vascular inflammations remain unknown. In the present study, we examined the effects of COS on interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Induction of HUVECs with LPS (100 ng/ml) increased the mRNA expression and protein secretion of IL-6 (versus the vehicle-treated group, p < 0.01), which were significantly reverted by the pre-treatment with COS (50-200 microg/ml) for 24 hr before LPS exposure (versus the LPS-treated group, p < 0.05 or 0.01). Signal transduction studies showed that the pre-treatment of HUVECs with COS (50-200 microg/ml) for 24 hr markedly inhibited the LPS-induced over-expression of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphorylated ERK1/2 and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Moreover, the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation was suppressed by the specific ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (30 microM) (versus the LPS-treated group, p < 0.01), but not by the specific p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (25 microM). Additionally, both MAPK inhibitors markedly suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 mRNA expression in HUVECs (versus the LPS-treated group, p < 0.01). In conclusion, our results suggest that COS inhibit LPS-induced up-regulation of IL-6 in HUVECs, and this can be regulated by at least two parallel signalling pathways: one via p38 MAPK pathway independent of NF-kappaB activation and one via ERK1/2 pathway dependent on NF-kappaB activation.
The CXCR4 Score: A New Prognostic Marker in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. (2004)

Abstract Despite major improvements in the understanding and treatment of certain leukemias during the past years, the overall survival of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) remains poor and new prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 play key roles in retention of hematopoietic cells in the marrow microenvironment and release into the circulation. Rambouts and colleagues recently reported that CXCR4 expression on AML cells correlates with Flt3 mutations and prognosis (Blood 104: 550-57, July 2004). The aim of our study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of CXCR4 surface expression by AML blasts. Ninty newly diagnosed patients with AML were were divided into three groups based on expression of CXCR4 by AML blasts (CXCR4 score A–C). Group A contains patients with a mean fluorescence intensity ratio (MFIR) for CXCR4 &lt;5 (n=32), group B: MFIR 5–10 (n=26), and group C: MFIR &gt;10 (n=32). MFIR was calculated by divding the mean flourescence intensity for CXCR4 by that for the non-specific isotype control of the respective sample and indicates the level of CXCR4 expression. The characteristics for each group are summarized in Table 1. Previously, we demonstrated that CXCR4 receptors on AML cells mediate adesion and induce migration beneath marrow stromal cells (Burger JA,et al., Br J Haematol. 122: 579–89, August 2003). Because adhesion to stromal elements can affect survival and induce adhesion-mediated drug resistance, antagonists of the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis may increase the efficacy of current treatments. We conclude that CXCR4 expression at time of diagnosis correlates with leukocytosis, LDH, blast persistence after first therapy, relapse rate, and survival. Therfore, CXCR4 expression in AML may be an important progostic factor for complete remission and survival. As such, CXCR4/SDF-1 interaction may provide the basis for a novel therapeutic approach in AML. Characteristic Score A (N=32) Score B (N=26) Score C (N=32) Median CXCR4 MFIR (range) 2.8 (1.0–4.9) 6.9 (5.1–9.4) 17.2 (10.3–73.4) Median Age (range) 62.0 (21–89) 59.5 (18–80) 65.0 (32–93) Median WBC (range) 2.3 (1.0–14.0) 10.2 (10.2–17) 30.0 (2.7–240) Median PLT (range) 56.0 (8–211) 86.0 (13.6–265) 82.5 (4–218) Median LDH (range) 251.5 (140–2637) 368.0 (187–1489) 357.0 (144–2760) Unfavorable Cytogenetics 4/28 10/24 7/27 blast persistence after first therapy N=6, 22.2% N=13, 65% N=14, 73.7% Relapse Rate 13.8% 52.4% 40% Total Deaths N=7, 21.9% N=13, 50% N=17, 53.1% Mean overall survival (months) 12.4±11.9 10.3±9.8 8.3±7.4 Mean follow-up (months) 12.0±19.7 Median Overall Survival (months) 9.0 (2–52) 6.5 (0–42) 7.0 (0–25) Median follow-up (months) 7.0 (0–52) Table
Equilibrium theory analysis of rectifying PSA for heavy component production (2002)

Abstract An isothermal equilibrium theory analysis, based on linear isotherms and a binary feed stream, was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of a rectifying PSA process for producing a pure heavy component at high recovery. Analytic expressions were derived to describe the performance of this process at the periodic state. The performance was also analyzed in terms of the different concentration and velocity profiles exhibited during various cycle steps that included the analysis of complex shock and simple wave interactions. Based on a parametric study, periodic behavior was established for a wide range of process conditions; and a design study with the PCB activated carbon–H 2 –CH 4 system at 25°C further demonstrated the feasibility of a rectifying PSA cycle for producing a 100% CH 4 stream from a dilute feed stream (y = 0.01) with a respectable recovery (80%), and reasonable process conditions. It also demonstrated the potential usefulness of an actual rectifying PSA process for bulk gas separation and purification.
A zirconia single-crystal fibre-optic sensor for contact measurement of temperatures above 2000 °C (1999)

Conventional sapphire fibre-optic sensors show excellent performance in high-temperature applications, but they cannot be used for contact measurement of temperatures above 1900 °C. In order to extend the operating temperature of fibre-optic sensors, a radiation-based zirconia single-crystal fibre-optic sensor has been developed. This novel sensor can be operated up to 2300 °C. A 60 mm long and 0.45 mm thick yttria-stabilized zirconia single-crystal fibre with one end coated with a layer of BeO ceramic is used to generate and transmit radiation signals at high temperature. Another 520 mm long and 0.80 mm thick sapphire fibre is used as a sub-high-temperature waveguide. Experimental results from 1200 °C to 2300 °C demonstrate that the developed sensor is very promising for applications beyond 2000 °C.
A Minimal Ksp-Cadherin Promoter Linked to a Green Fluorescent Protein Reporter Gene Exhibits Tissue-Specific Expression in the Developing Kidney and Genitourinary Tract (2002)

Ksp-cadherin is a unique, tissue-specific member of the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules that is expressed exclusively in tubular epithelial cells in the kidney and developing genitourinary (GU) tract. Transgenic mice carrying 3425 bp of the Ksp-cadherin 5' flanking region linked to a lacZ reporter gene express beta-galactosidase exclusively in the kidney, although the expression pattern is incomplete (Am J Physiol 277: F599-F610, 1999). To further define the region that mediates tissue-specific expression, transgenic mice carrying 1341 bp or 324 bp of the 5' flanking region linked to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene were produced. Transgenic mice carrying 1341 bp of the 5' flanking region expressed GFP in all embryonic tissues that endogenously express Ksp-cadherin, including the ureteric bud, Wolffian duct, Müllerian duct, and developing tubules in the mesonephros and metanephros. In the adult kidney, GFP was highly expressed in thick ascending limbs of Henle's loops and collecting ducts and weakly expressed in proximal tubules and Bowman's capsules. Transgenic mice carrying 324 bp of the 5' flanking region exhibited expression exclusively in tubular epithelial cells in the developing kidney and GU tract. Immunoblot analysis showed that the expression of GFP was restricted to the kidney in adult mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 324 bp of the Ksp-cadherin 5' flanking region is sufficient to direct epithelial-specific expression in the developing kidney and GU tract. Transgenic mice that express GFP in the mesonephros, metanephros, ureteric bud, and sex ducts may be useful for cell lineage studies.
An Improved Siwoloboff Micro Boiling Point Method (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improved Siwoloboff Micro Boiling Point MethodClarence. Karr and E. E. ChildersCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 4, 655–656Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60172a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60172a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phosphorylation of BCKDK of BCAA catabolism at Y246 by Src promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer (2020)

Abstract Branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK), the key enzyme of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) metabolism, has been reported to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis by upregulating the MEK-ERK signaling pathway. However, the profile of BCKDK in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains unknown. Here, we report a novel role of BCKDK in mCRC. BCKDK is upregulated in CRC tissues. Increased BCKDK expression was associated with metastasis and poor clinical prognosis in CRC patients. Knockdown of BCKDK decreased CRC cell migration and invasion ex vivo, and lung metastasis in vivo. BCKDK promoted the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, by decreasing the expression of E-cadherin, epithelial marker, and increasing the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin, which are mesenchymal markers. Moreover, BCKDK-knockdown experiments in combination with phosphoproteomics analysis revealed the potent role of BCKDK in modulating multiple signal transduction pathways, including EMT and metastasis. Src phosphorylated BCKDK at the tyrosine 246 (Y246) site in vitro and ex vivo. Knockdown and knockout of Src downregulated the phosphorylation of BCKDK. Importantly, phosphorylation of BCKDK by Src enhanced the activity and stability of BCKDK, thereby promoting the migration, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells. In summary, the identification of BCKDK as a novel prometastatic factor in human CRC will be beneficial for further diagnostic biomarker studies and suggests novel targeting opportunities.
Freehand 3D ultrasound calibration using an electromagnetically tracked needle (2006)

Freehand 3D ultrasound allows intra-operative imaging of volumes of interest in a fast and flexible way. However, the ultrasound device must be calibrated before it can be registered with other imaging modalities. We present a needle-fiducial based electromagnetic localization approach for calibrating freehand 3D ultrasound as a prerequisite for creating an intra-operative navigation system. Although most existing calibration methods require a complex and tedious experiment using a customized calibration phantom, our method does not. The calibration set-up requires only a container of water and only several frames (three to nine) to detect an electromagnetically tracked needle tip in a 2D ultrasound image. The tracked needle is dipped into the water and moved freehand to locate the tip in the ultrasound imaging plane. The images that show the needle tip are recorded and the coordinates are manually or automatically identified. For each frame, the pixel indices, as well as the discrete coordinates of the tracker and the needle, are used as the inputs, and the calibration matrix is reconstructed. Three group positions, each with nine frames, are recorded for calibration and validation. Despite the lower accuracy of the electromagnetic tracking device compared to optical tracking devices, the maximum RMS error for calibration is 1.22mm with six or more frames, which shows that our proposed approach is accurate and feasible.
Model-Based Security Testing (2012)

Security testing aims at validating software system requirements related to security properties like confidentiality, integrity, authentication, authorization, availability, and non-repudiation. Although security testing techniques are available for many years, there has been little approaches that allow for specification of test cases at a higher level of abstraction, for enabling guidance on test identification and specification as well as for automated test generation. Model-based security testing (MBST) is a relatively new field and especially dedicated to the systematic and efficient specification and documentation of security test objectives, security test cases and test suites, as well as to their automated or semi-automated generation. In particular, the combination of security modelling and test generation approaches is still a challenge in research and of high interest for industrial applications. MBST includes e.g. security functional testing, model-based fuzzing, risk- and threat-oriented testing, and the usage of security test patterns. This paper provides a survey on MBST techniques and the related models as well as samples of new methods and tools that are under development in the European ITEA2-project DIAMONDS.