gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical behavior of fluorine in production of wet-process phosphoric acid (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical behavior of fluorine in production of wet-process phosphoric acidA. William Frazier, James R. Lehr, and Ewell F. DillardCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1977, 11, 10, 1007–1014Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60133a013https://doi.org/10.1021/es60133a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views461Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Galanin inhibits the vasodilatatory basalocortical cholinergic system in the anaesthetized rat (1995)

In order to test the putative interaction between galanin and the vasodilatatory basalocortical cholinergic system, anaesthetized ventilated rats received a microinjection into the substantia innominata of 0.9% NaCl, 50 nmol carbachol, 50 nmol carbachol and 200 ng galanin, or 200 ng galanin. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine by the tissue sampling technique immediately following the intracerebral infusions. Under coinjection conditions, the flow increases observed after carbachol microinjection in the ipsilateral temporal and frontoparietal cortices were found to be significantly reduced (−37%, p ≤ 0.02 and −25%, p ≤ 0.05 respectively) compared with carbachol stimulated rats. The infusion of galanin by itself had no effect on CBF. These results demonstrate that galanin inhibits the vasodilatatory basalocortical cholinergic system an thus may possibly influence CBF by indirect mechanisms.
Flexfly: enabling a reconfigurable dragonfly through silicon photonics (2016)

The Dragonfly topology provides low-diameter connectivity for high-performanceleb computing with all-to-all global links at the inter-group level. Our traffic matrix characterization of various scientific applications shows consistent mismatch between the imbalanced group-to-group traffic and the uniform global bandwidth allocation of Dragonfly. Though adaptive routing has been proposed to utilize bandwidth of non-minimal paths, increased hops and cross-group interference lower efficiency. This work presents a photonic architecture, Flexfly, which trades global links among groups using low-radix Silicon photonic switches. With transparent optical switching, Flexfly reconfigures the inter-group topology based on traffic pattern, stealing additional direct bandwidth for communication-intensive group pairs. Simulations with applications such as GTC, Nekbone and LULESH show up to 1.8x speedup over Dragonfly paired with UGAL routing, along with halved hop count and latency for cross-group messages. We built a 32-node Flexfly prototype using a Silicon photonic switch connecting four groups and demonstrated 820 ns interconnect reconfiguration time.
The Protein Folding Problem (2008)

The "protein folding problem" consists of three closely related puzzles: (a) What is the folding code? (b) What is the folding mechanism? (c) Can we predict the native structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence? Once regarded as a grand challenge, protein folding has seen great progress in recent years. Now, foldable proteins and nonbiological polymers are being designed routinely and moving toward successful applications. The structures of small proteins are now often well predicted by computer methods. And, there is now a testable explanation for how a protein can fold so quickly: A protein solves its large global optimization problem as a series of smaller local optimization problems, growing and assembling the native structure from peptide fragments, local structures first.
Creativity technique Brute Thinking application using computer mediation (2013)

Study and conception of systems that help to the birth of new ideas, products and solutions has an ever increasing importance. One potentially attractive way is to use existent creativity techniques of proven utility to generate new ideas that help companies' competitiveness. In this article, we resume the” System and Suport Systems(CSS), by presenting a concrete architetural proposal medeated by computer by Brute Thinking implementation. The study and design of systems that help the birth of new ideas, products and solutions are growing in importance. A potentially attractive route is to use existing techniques for creativity and proven useful to generate new ideas that help the competitiveness of firms. In this article, we return to the concepts of Creative System Information and Support Systems (CSS), presenting a concrete proposal for com-puter-mediated architecture for implementing the technical Brute Thinking.
Transactional Monitors for Concurrent Objects (2004)

Abstract. Transactional monitors are proposed as an alternative to monitors based on mutual-exclusion synchronization for object-oriented programming languages. Transactional monitors have execution semantics similar to mutualexclusion monitors but implement monitors as lightweight transactions that can be executed concurrently (or in parallel on multiprocessors). They alleviate many of the constraints that inhibit construction of transparently scalable and robust applications. We undertake a detailed study of alternative implementation schemes for transactional monitors. These different schemes are tailored to different concurrent access patterns, and permit a given application to use potentially different implementations in different contexts. We also examine the performance and scalability of these alternative approaches in the context of the Jikes Research Virtual Machine, a state-of-the-art Java implementation. We show that transactional monitors are competitive with mutualexclusion synchronization and can outperform lock-based approaches up to five times on a wide range of workloads. 1
NBTI-enhanced hot carrier damage in p-channel MOSFETs (2002)

The behavior of p-MOS devices at elevated temperatures has been studied with respect to hot carrier stress. It is found that the hot carrier stress damage at V/sub g/=V/sub d/ increases as temperature increases, contrary to conventional hot carrier behavior. The cause of the damage is identified as being negative bias temperature instability (NBTI)-related, which is greatly accelerated under hot carrier stress conditions. A comparison of the AC hot carrier lifetimes at T=25 and 125 degrees C shows that the damage behavior is quite different, the low-temperature stress resulting in an increase in drive current, while the NBTI-dominated high-temperature stress shows a decrease in drive current. It is concluded that this can be the major source of hot carrier damage at elevated temperatures (>or=100 degrees C) in the AC stressing of p-MOS transistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Fuel Composition on the Operation of a Lean Burn Natural Gas Engine (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">With the implementation of a closed loop fuel control system, operation of lean-burn natural gas engines can be optimized in terms of reducing emissions while maximizing efficiency. Such a system would compensate for variations in fuel composition, but also would correct for variations in volumetric efficiency due to immediate engine history and long-term engine component wear. Present day engine controllers perform well when they are operated with the same gas composition for which they were calibrated, but because fuel composition varies geographically as well as seasonally, some method of compensation is required. A closed loop control system on a medium-duty lean-burn engine will enhance performance by maintaining the desired air-fuel ratio to eliminate any unwanted rich or lean excursions (relative to the desired air-fuel ratio) that produce excess engine-out emissions. Such a system can also guard against internal engine damage due to overheating and/or engine knock.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In a project funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, West Virginia University has developed a closed loop control system using a Hercules turbocharged lean-burn natural gas engine fitted with a GFI Compuvalve and an Altronic spark ignition system as a test bed for the research. Closed loop fueling control is accomplished by means of feedback to the Compuvalve from an exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) sensor.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Two types of EGO sensor, the NGK Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen (UEGO) sensor and the Bosch LSM11 wide-range oxygen sensor, have been used in the feedback control. While the feedback control has proven successful, it is evident that gas composition has only a mild effect on engine performance provided that the Wobbe number of the fuel is controlled. This is found to be true even in open loop operation provided that the fueling strategy is based upon orifice discharge. In a speed-density system, however, variation in volumetric efficiency can cause significant unwanted (and potentially damaging) excursions in air-fuel ratio, performance, efficiency, and emissions. Data show that widely varying gas compositions of similar Wobbe number give rise to similar in-cylinder pressure histories.</div>
An interference-robust stochastic gradient algorithm with a gradient-adaptive step-size (1993)

An algorithm for adaptive FIR (finite impulse response) filters is proposed. This algorithm provides both fast convergence and small final misadjustment with an adaptive step size even under an interference to the error. It pays special attention to the interference which contaminates the error. To enhance robustness to the interference, it imposes a special limit on the increment/decrement of the step size. The limit itself is also varied according to the step size. The algorithm is extended for application to nonstationary signals. Simulation results with white signals show that the final misadjustment is reduced by as much as 20 dB under severe observation noise with a negligible expense of the convergence speed. An echo canceler simulation with a real speech signal exhibits its potential for a nonstationary signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vivo metabolism of apolipoprotein A-IV in severe hypertriglyceridemia: a combined radiotracer and stable isotope kinetic study. (1994)

Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV is an intestinally derived apolipoprotein that plays a potentially important role in lipoprotein metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. However, the factors that regulate its plasma concentrations are not well understood. Plasma apoA-IV levels have been previously shown to correlate with fasting triglyceride (TG) levels in humans with TG levels less than 300 mg/dl (Lagrost et al. 1989. J. Lipid Res. 30: 701-710). In this study, we established that apoA-IV levels were significantly elevated (mean 29.3 mg/dl) in a group of 15 hypertriglyceridemic patients (TG > 300 mg/dl) compared with normolipidemic controls (mean 13.4 mg/dl). In order to investigate the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and apoA-IV metabolism, we then studied the in vivo kinetics of apoA-IV in two healthy hypertriglyceridemic patients (mean TG = 1297 mg/dl) compared with normolipidemic control subjects. Combined studies using endogenous stable isotope labeling (with a primed constant infusion of deuterated L-leucine) and exogenous radiolabeling (with 125I) of apoA-IV were performed. Both stable isotope and radiotracer studies demonstrated substantially decreased apoA-IV fractional catabolic rates (FCR) in the hypertriglyceridemic patients (1.24 +/- 0.13 day-1) compared with controls (2.33 +/- 0.08 day-1). The apoA-IV production rate was not significantly different between the two groups. Gel filtration chromatography of plasma indicated an increased proportion of apoA-IV in the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) of the hypertriglyceridemic patients compared with controls and delayed catabolism of this TRL-associated apoA-IV. The rate of apoA-IV catabolism from the lipid deficient fraction was not different between the hypertriglyceridemic patients and controls. In summary, plasma levels of apoA-IV are significantly elevated in hypertriglyceridemic patients due to delayed catabolism of apoA-IV as demonstrated by both endogenous stable isotope labeling and exogenous radiotracer techniques.
Modeling and Identification of a Class of Servomechanism Systems With Stick-Slip Friction (1988)

This paper describes a technique for modeling and identifying a class of nonlinear servomechanism systems with stick-slip friction. The physics of the stick-slip friction is considered in modeling the process. Identification of the system parameters is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem. A modified simplex algorithm is proposed as the optimization procedure. The difficulties encountered in choosing identification algorithm and input signals for the problem are discussed. A simulation example of a servomotor system is provided.
Navigation Tools for Viewing Augmented CAD Models (2009)

During the production of an object, design modifications can occur because of, for example, corrections of design flaws, third-party components that must be replaced but are unavailable, or simply mistakes. So, undocumented discrepancies might exist between the CAD model and the final object. Although such discrepancies might not have consequences for the object's functionality, this gap between the virtual model and the real object could become problematic when the model is used for maintenance and repair. To solve these problems, we first developed a zoom-and-pan user interface for navigating within a mixed view. We then created tools that let users change direction and focus. These two tools allow navigation within a set of images using virtual 3D points, thus letting users intuitively access other mixed views.
Modified steroid hormones. 7. 4-Fluoro-17.beta.-estradiol:carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, crystal and molecular structure, and biological activity (1983)

The 4-fluoro analogue of 17 beta-estradiol was investigated for estrogenic action in rats by determination of uterine hyperemia and [3H]uridine incorporation and was found to be an active estrogen. Antitumor activity of this analogue was demonstrated against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Its 13C NMR spectrum was determined, and all signals were assigned. A detailed X-ray diffraction investigation of 4-fluoro-17 beta-estradiol was carried out, and it crystallized in triclinic space group P1 with two steroids and one methanol in a unit cell of a = 7.367 (1), b = 9.363 (6), c = 12.531 (1) A, alpha = 89.31 (3), beta = 93.38 (1), gamma = 109.62 (3) degrees, V = 812.8 A3, and Z = 2. The structure was solved and refined to an R index of 0.062 using 3045 reflections measured on an automated diffractometer. The oxygen atoms at C(3) and C(17) at either ends link the molecules together in a head to tail fashion. The hydroxy groups of the solvent molecules also take part in linking the molecules sideways through the hydroxy groups.
α-Thienylaminoalkanes (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTα-ThienylaminoalkanesF. F. Blicke and J. H. BurckhalterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 3, 477–480Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01255a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01255a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1103Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fcc: Fluidization Phenomena and Technologies (2000)

Catalytic cracking units are present in most refineries to convert a large fraction of heavy oils. Over the last 50 years, catalyst development and improvement of the technology in the reaction zone lead to a continuous evolution, that is still going on, of this process. In this paper, R&D tools for technology are discussed through the development of riser separation systems and catalyst coolers. Catalyst circulation aspects in the reaction zone are also discussed.
Water-Thawing of Frozen Cod Blocks (1964)

Thawing time for frozen blocks of dressed cod (Gadus morhua) was investigated. Observations were made on the effect of size of individual fish, water recirculation rates, water temperature, block height, thickness and orientation, separation of individuals from the block at some intermediate time, and the use of sodium alginate to promote quicker thawing. Over the range investigated, the first two variables did not affect thawing rate; the remainder were of importance. Blocks 4 and [Formula: see text] inches (102 and 115 mm) thick, weighing 75–80 lb (34–37 kg), were separated and thawed in 60°F (15.5 °C) water in about 3 and [Formula: see text], respectively. These times were equal to or better than the times for freezing between plates under best local commercial conditions. In comparison, similar blocks can be thawed in about [Formula: see text] in a commercially available dielectric thawer. Thawing blocks of dressed fish in recirculated water thus merits consideration with other methods.
EMERGENCY PERCUTANEOUS DILATATIONAL CRICOTHYROIDOSTOMY (1990)

Surgical, Emergency and Trauma Services, St. Elizabeth Hospital, 2209 Genesee Street, Utica, New York 13502
Identification, synthesis and structural determination of some impurities of candesartan cilexetil (2009)

All principal candesartan cilexetil impurities and/or degradation products were synthesized and identified. The differentiation of N-1 and N-2 ethylated candesartan cilexetil derivatives was performed using 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The influence of the magnetic field on the resolution and sensitivity of NMR experiments is shown. Selective hydrolysis of these compounds then provided corresponding producrs of hydrolysis of the ethoxy group.
Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator (TCXO) Design Aids: Frequency-Temperature Resonator Characteristics as Shifted by Series Capacitors (1977)

Abstract : Resonators for TCXO application are required to have accurately- characterized frequency-temperature (f-T) curves and equivalent network parameters. This report describes how the circuit parameters, critical resonator frequencies, and temperature coefficients depend on material constants of the crystal and geometrical factors. These constants are tabulated for AT- and SC- cut quartz. It further explains the observed f-T curve shift between resonator operation with and without series load capacitors. Simple relations are given for treating this effect, along with charts and other design aids. These are used in a practical example involving an AT-cut resonator for a typical TCXO application.
Reconstruction of 2D PET data with Monte Carlo generated system matrix for generalized natural pixels (2006)

In discrete detector PET, natural pixels are image basis functions calculated from the response of detector pairs. By using reconstruction with natural pixel basis functions, the discretization of the object into a predefined grid can be avoided. Here, we propose to use generalized natural pixel reconstruction. Using this approach, the basis functions are not the detector sensitivity functions as in the natural pixel case but uniform parallel strips. The backprojection of the strip coefficients results in the reconstructed image. This paper proposes an easy and efficient way to generate the matrix M directly by Monte Carlo simulation. Elements of the generalized natural pixel system matrix are formed by calculating the intersection of a parallel strip with the detector sensitivity function. These generalized natural pixels are easier to use than conventional natural pixels because the final step from solution to a square pixel representation is done by simple backprojection. Due to rotational symmetry in the PET scanner, the matrix M is block circulant and only the first blockrow needs to be stored. Data were generated using a fast Monte Carlo simulator using ray tracing. The proposed method was compared to a listmode MLEM algorithm, which used ray tracing for doing forward and backprojection. Comparison of the algorithms with different phantoms showed that an improved resolution can be obtained using generalized natural pixel reconstruction with accurate system modelling. In addition, it was noted that for the same resolution a lower noise level is present in this reconstruction. A numerical observer study showed the proposed method exhibited increased performance as compared to a standard listmode EM algorithm. In another study, more realistic data were generated using the GATE Monte Carlo simulator. For these data, a more uniform contrast recovery and a better contrast-to-noise performance were observed. It was observed that major improvements in contrast recovery were obtained with MLEM when the correct system matrix was used instead of simple ray tracing. The correct modelling was the major cause of improved contrast for the same background noise. Less important factors were the choice of the algorithm (MLEM performed better than ART) and the basis functions (generalized natural pixels gave better results than pixels).