gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soybean Oil: Genetic Approaches for Modification of Functionality and Total Content (2009)

World consumption of soybean ( Glycine max ) in 2008 was over 221 million metric tons, with approximately 50% of this supply coming from U.S. production, where soybean plantings on an annual basis are over 77 million ha. Soybeans are desired on the marketplace as a valuable source of protein and oil
Report (1999)

Journal Article Report Get access Screen, Volume 40, Issue 1, Spring 1999, Pages 88–90, https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/40.1.88 Published: 01 March 1999
Involvement of Caspase Activation in Azaspiracid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neocortical Neurons (2010)

Azaspiracids (AZAs) are a novel group of marine phycotoxins that have been associated with severe human intoxication. We found that AZA-1 exposure increased lactate dehydrogense (LDH) efflux in murine neocortical neurons. AZA-1 also produced nuclear condensation and stimulated caspase-3 activity with an half maximal effective concentration (EC(50)) value of 25.8 nM. These data indicate that AZA-1 triggers neuronal death in neocortical neurons by both necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms. An evaluation of the structure-activity relationships of AZA analogs on LDH efflux and caspase-3 activation demonstrated that the full structure of AZAs was required to produce necrotic or apoptotic cell death. The similar potencies of AZA-1 to stimulate LDH efflux and caspase-3 activation and the parallel structure-activity relationships of azaspiracid analogs in the two assays are consistent with a common molecular target for both responses. To explore the molecular mechanism for AZA-1-induced neurotoxicity, we assessed the influence of AZA-1 on Ca(2+) homeostasis. AZA-1 suppressed spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations (EC(50) = 445 nM) in neocortical neurons. A distinct structure-activity profile was found for inhibition of Ca(2+) oscillations where both the full structure as well as analogs containing only the FGHI domain attached to a phenyl glycine methyl ester moiety were potent inhibitors. The molecular targets for inhibition of spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations and neurotoxicity may therefore differ. The caspase protease inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK produced a complete elimination of AZA-1-induced LDH efflux and nuclear condensation in neocortical neurons. Although the molecular target for AZA-induced neurotoxicity remains to be established, these results demonstrate that the observed neurotoxicity is dependent on a caspase signaling pathway.
Modulation of Protein Kinase C by Taurolithocholic Acid in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes (1999)

The protein kinase C (PKC) family of isoenzymes plays a key role in the regulation of hepatocellular secretion. The hydrophobic and cholestatic bile acid, taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), acts as a potent Ca++ agonist in isolated hepatocytes. However, its effect on PKC isoforms has not been elucidated. Here we investigate the effects of TLCA at low micromolar concentrations on the distribution of PKC isoforms and on membrane-associated PKC activity. The distribution of PKC isoforms was determined in isolated rat hepatocytes in short-term culture using Western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques. PKC activity was measured radiochemically. TLCA (10 micromol/L) induced selective translocation of epsilon-PKC by 47.9% +/- 20.5% (P <.02 vs. controls; n = 7), but not of alpha-, delta-, and zeta-PKC to the hepatocellular membranes, whereas the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (1 micromol/L) caused translocation of all mobile isoforms, alpha-, delta-, and epsilon-PKC, as shown by immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated selective translocation of epsilon-PKC to the canalicular membranes of isolated rat hepatocyte couplets by TLCA (10 micromol/L), but predominant translocation to intracellular and basolateral membranes by PMA (1 micromol/L). Both TLCA (10 micromol/L) and PMA (1 micromol/L) stimulated membrane-bound PKC activity by 60.5% +/- 45. 8% (P <.05 vs. controls; n = 5) and 72.4% +/- 37.2% (P <.05; n = 5), respectively. TLCA at lower concentrations (5 micromol/L) was less effective. Because activation of epsilon-PKC has been associated with impairment of vesicle-mediated targeting and insertion of membrane proteins in secretory cells, it is attractive to speculate that TLCA reduces bile secretory capacity of the liver cell by activation of epsilon-PKC at the canalicular membrane.
Synthesis of new conducting poly(2,5‐thienylene)s containing alkylhydroxy and alkylester side chains (1992)

Abstract The chemical synthesis of new electroconducting poly(2,5‐thienylene)s containing alkylhydroxy and alkylester side‐chains in the β‐position of the thiophene rings is reported. The polymers were obtained by oxidative homopolymerization or copolymerization of 2‐(3‐thienyl)ethanol and 2‐(3‐thienyl)ethyl hexanoate by FeCl 3 in nitromethane. Structural characterization using elemental analysis, FT‐IR and NMR spectroscopy shows that a partial nucleophilic substitution of the hydroxy group by chlorine and a partial cleavage of the ester function take place during polymerization. The presence of the ester function with a long aliphatic chain makes the polymers soluble and allows them to be processed into films. The polymers can be doped using a solution of FeCl 3 to the maximum electrical conductivity of 10 −3 Ω −1 cm −1 .
Activation and dramatically increased cytolytic activity of tumor specific T lymphocytes after radio-frequency ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal liver metastases (2006)

Patients with primary and secondary tumors of the liver show a significant tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cell stimulation with a dramatically increased tumor specific cytolytic activity of CD8(+) T cells after RFA.
Structural equivalence of individuals in social networks (1971)

The aim of this paper is to understand the interrelations among relations within concrete social groups. Social structure is sought, not ideal types, although the latter are relevant to interrelations among relations. From a detailed social network, patterns of global relations can be extracted, within which classes of equivalently positioned individuals are delineated. The global patterns are derived algebraically through a ‘functorial’ mapping of the original pattern. Such a mapping (essentially a generalized homomorphism) allows systematically for concatenation of effects through the network. The notion of functorial mapping is of central importance in the ‘theory of categories,’ a branch of modern algebra with numerous applications to algebra, topology, logic. The paper contains analyses of two social networks, exemplifying this approach.
Synthesis and electrochemical and photoemission properties of mononuclear and binuclear ruthenium(II) complexes containing 2,2'-bipyridine, 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyrimidine, 2,2'-biimidazole, and 2-pyridinecarboxaldimine ligands (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and electrochemical and photoemission properties of mononuclear and binuclear ruthenium(II) complexes containing 2,2'-bipyridine, 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyrimidine, 2,2'-biimidazole, and 2-pyridinecarboxaldimine ligandsEric V. Dose and Lon J. WilsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 9, 2660–2666Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50187a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50187a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1359Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acoustic chase : designing an interactive audio environment to stimulate human body movement (2004)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2004.
Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Models in Mice and Rats (2015)

Streptozotocin (STZ) is an antibiotic that produces pancreatic islet β-cell destruction and is widely used experimentally to produce a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Detailed in this unit are protocols for producing STZ-induced insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia in mice and rats. Also described are protocols for creating animal models for type 2 diabetes using STZ. These animals are employed for assessing the pathological consequences of diabetes and for screening potential therapies for the treatment of this condition.
Die Molekül‐Vergrößerung trocknender Öle unter dem Einfluß von Häminen (1956)

Abstract Hämine beschleunigen die Autoxydation von Konjuenölen. Die Wirkung ist in erster Linie eine Funktion des komplex gebundenen Schwermetalls. Besonders wirksam sind die Eisen‐Komplexe, dann folgen Kobalt, Mangan und Blei. Die metallfreien Ringsysteme katalysieren die Autoxydation nur unter bestimmten Licht‐ und Temperatur‐Verhältnissen (Photokatalyse). Isolenöle, bei Gegenwart von Metallnaphthenaten trocknend, werden durch Hämine in geringerem Maß beeinflußt als Konjuenöle.
Human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use prevent experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (1993)

We have evaluated the effect of human Igs for intravenous use (IVIg) on the onset and development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), a T cell-dependent autoimmune disease induced in rats by a single immunization with retinal S-antigen (S-Ag). Five consecutive daily infusions of IVIg, starting on the same day as S-Ag immunization, protected (Lewis x Brown-Norway) F1 rats against EAU. The prevention of EAU was IVIg-specific, i.e. mediated by pooled human IgG from multiple donors, since neither infusions of BSA nor infusions of pooled Ig from only two healthy individuals were effective. Treatment with IVIg decreased lymphocyte proliferative and antibody responses to S-Ag and the proliferative response to concanavalin A. Lack of proliferation was not dependent upon generation of suppressor cells. Lymph node (LN) cells from IVIg-treated and S-Ag-immunized animals neither proliferated nor secreted IL-2 in response to S-Ag but proliferated when co-cultured with LN cells from rats immunized with S-Ag. Our findings are compatible with an induction of a state of functional inactivation/anergy of T lymphocytes by infusions of IVIg. This functional inactivation may be due to the presence in IVIg of antibodies that bind both in vivo and in vitro to rat lymphocytes. Results from the present study suggest a novel mechanism by which IVIg may be beneficial in human autoimmune diseases.
Holographic acoustic tweezers (2018)

Acoustic tweezers use sound radiation forces to manipulate matter without contact. They provide unique characteristics compared with the more established optical tweezers, such as higher trapping forces per unit input power and the ability to manipulate objects from the micrometer to the centimeter scale. They also enable the trapping of a wide range of sample materials in various media. A dramatic advancement in optical tweezers was the development of holographic optical tweezers (HOT) which enabled the independent manipulation of multiple particles leading to applications such as the assembly of 3D microstructures and the probing of soft matter. Now, 20 years after the development of HOT, we present the realization of holographic acoustic tweezers (HAT). We experimentally demonstrate a 40-kHz airborne HAT system implemented using two 256-emitter phased arrays and manipulate individually up to 25 millimetric particles simultaneously. We show that the maximum trapping forces are achieved once the emitting array satisfies Nyquist sampling and an emission phase discretization below π/8 radians. When considered on the scale of a wavelength, HAT provides similar manipulation capabilities as HOT while retaining its unique characteristics. The examples shown here suggest the future use of HAT for novel forms of displays in which the objects are made of physical levitating voxels, assembly processes in the micrometer and millimetric scale, as well as positioning and orientation of multiple objects which could lead to biomedical applications.
Activation of the integrated stress response in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (2010)

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are comprised of a host of behavioral, cognitive, and motor disabilities and can range from more minor disorders that largely allow basic daily functioning to severe disorders, such as HIV-associated dementia. The mechanisms that ultimately result in neuronal death in HAND are not known. Presented here are data demonstrating activation of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) in cortical autopsy tissue from HAND patients, as well as data characterizing the nature of the activation of this cellular stress response in this disease. Specifically, we have shown that there are increased levels of the molecular chaperone protein, BiP, which serves as an indicator of general ISR activation. We then present data to suggest that, of the three prongs of the ISR, the prong initiated by ATF6 appears to be active, while PERK does not appear to initiate the prong it regulates. However, intriguingly, proteins downstream of PERK, namely global pEIF2α and astrocytic ATF4 do appear to be activated, suggesting that other initiators outside of the PERK pathway may be acting on these classic components of the ISR. Finally, we show data suggesting that Nrf2, the master regulator of the endogenous antioxidant component of the ISR, may be active in the cortex of HAND patients. While the ISR is clearly a protective response, able to help individual cells protect themselves from toxic insults, it is also able to initiate cellular apoptosis, which in principle protects healthy cells from a dangerous necrotic death of neighboring cells. However, under conditions of chronic stress in the CNS, such as that seen in HAND, too many neurons may die as a result of ISR-initiated apoptosis, thereby resulting in the neurocognitive decline with which these patients are afflicted. Thus, the findings presented here provide starting points of investigation for research aimed at developing potential therapeutic targets for HAND, with some targets for which their response must be increased by therapies and other targets for which their response must be dampened by therapies.
Chiral Ionic Liquids as Stationary Phases in Gas Chromatography (2004)

Recently, it has been found that room-temperature ionic liquids can be used as stable, unusual selectivity stationary phases. They show "dual nature" properties, in that they separate nonpolar compounds as if they are nonpolar stationary phases and separate polar compounds as if they are polar stationary phases. Extending ionic liquids to the realm of chiral separations can be done in two ways: (1) a chiral selector can be dissolved in an achiral ionic liquid, or (2) the ionic liquid itself can be chiral. There is a single precedent for the first approach, but nothing has been reported for the second approach. In this work, we present the first enantiomeric separations using chiral ionic liquid stationary phases in gas chromatography. Compounds that have been separated using these ionic liquid chiral selectors include alcohols, diols, sulfoxides, epoxides, and acetylated amines. Because of the synthetic nature of these chiral selectors, the configuration of the stereogenic center can be controlled and altered for mechanistic studies and reversing enantiomeric retention.
Zika Virus: A New Epidemic on Our Doorstep (2015)

Zika virus, a flavivirus transmitted to humans by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, was first described in humans as isolated cases in Africa. Outbreaks have been reported outside that region since 2007, followed by its gradual introduction to different geographical areas. In 2015, Zika virus was detected in Brazil, from where it is rapidly expanding in the continent; the first case in Mexico was detected in October 2015. Initially deemed as a cause of mild illness, confirmation of microcephaly cases associated with this infection in Brazil have resulted in the World Health Organization declaration of Zika virus infection as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued travel alerts for countries with declared cases. The vector is widely distributed in Mexico and control measures are the most effective means for prevention, not only of Zika virus, but also dengue and chikungunya.
Autoimmunity to Pancreatic Juice in Crohn's Disease Results of an Autoantibody Screening in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1987)

The sera of 59 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and of 46 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were tested for autoantibodies (Aab) by indirect immunofluorescence with modern histochemical techniques using 19 different human tissues as antigenic substrates. Control collectives consisted of 19 patients with coeliac disease and of 100 healthy subjects. It was possible to demonstrate a specific marker for CD: Aab against exocrine pancreas (Pab) were present in 39% of the CD sera (UC 4%, coeliac disease 0%, healthy controls 3%). High Pab titres were only detectable in CD sera (29%). The CD-related autoantigen was demonstrated to be a component of normal pancreatic juice. Pab in CD were fundamentally different from those sometimes occurring in chronic and acute pancreatitis. It is suggested that CD is caused by autoimmune reactions against a component of pancreatic juice. Pab in CD correspond to Aab against intestinal goblet cells (Gab), which occurred exclusively in UC (28%). Pab and Gab, but obviously none of the other Aab investigated in this study, are of diagnostic value in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Disulfur binuclear ruthenium ammines (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDisulfur binuclear ruthenium amminesChrista R. Brulet, Stephan S. Isied, and Henry. TaubeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 14, 4758–4759Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00795a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00795a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formation Mechanisms of Uniform Colloid Particles (2007)

The relationship of the shape and structure of uniform colloidal particles to different mechanisms of formation by precipitation in homogeneous solutions is reviewed. Specifically, conditions leading to (a) amorphous spheres, (b) nonspherical crystals of different shapes, and (c) polycrystalline particles of different morphologies including spheres are distinguished. The last case is observed when larger particles are formed by aggregation of nanosized precursors. It is now recognized that the latter process is more common than previously understood. A model explaining the size selection of monodispersed spheres by aggregation is illustrated in the case of silver particles. It was also demonstrated that uniform polycrystalline particles of other shapes are generated by the aggregation process. Challenges faced in the effort to develop at least a semi-quantitative explanation of the shape factor in the latter case are outlined.
Pharmacokinetics of Norelgestromin and Ethinyl Estradiol from Two Consecutive Contraceptive Patches (2001)

The primary objective of this open-label study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of norelgestromin (NGMN) and ethinyl estradiol (EE)following two consecutive applications of a contraceptive patch (ORTHO EVRA/EVRA). Twelve healthy women wore the first patch on their abdomen for 7 days and, after removal at 168 hours (day 7), wore a second patch for 10 days (i.e., 3 days beyond the intended 7-day wear period). Blood samples were collected before and at various times up to 456 hours (day 19) after application of the first patch for analysis of NGMN and EE. Mean serum concentrations of NGMN and EE remained within the reference ranges, 0.6 to 1.2 ng/ml and 25 to 75 pg/ml, respectively, during the entire 7-day wear period after application of the first patch and for 10 days after application of the second patch; reference ranges are based on studies with ORTHO-CYCLEN/ Cilest. No patch detached spontaneously. No subject discontinued or experienced a serious adverse event.
Seven Ways to Empower Dying Patients (1996)

Messages conveyed not in words but through your body language and voice can intimidate patients and their families-or help give them some sense of control.
A New Series of Microscope Objectives: II Preliminary Investigation of Catadioptric Schwarzschild Systems* (1949)

This paper presents a preliminary study of combining the Schwarzschild pair of mirrors with lenses of fused quartz and fluorite to obtain an ultraviolet microscope objective. It is found that the catadioptric Schwarzschild objective is superior to the catadioptric Newtonian objectives described in Paper I.An objective using spherical surfaces and corrected from 220 mμ into the near infra-red is described. The obscuring ratio of this objective is 7 percent in area at NA 1.1.