gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marked upregulation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase expression by lipopolysaccharide (2009)

During screening of genes upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) treatment of bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages, it was unexpectedly found that cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) was strongly upregulated. Treatment of macrophages with 10 ng/ml of LPS for 2 h resulted in a 35-fold increase in the expression of Ch25h. In contrast, LPS treatment did not increase the expression of Cyp27a1 or Cyp7b1. The increased Ch25h expression was found to be independent of Myeloid differentiation protein 88 signaling but dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. LPS treatment of macrophages caused a 6- to 7-fold increase in cellular 25-hydroxycholesterol concentration. When macrophages were treated with increasing concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol, a dose-dependent release of CCL5 into the culture medium was observed. Intravenous injection of LPS in eight healthy volunteers resulted in an increase in plasma 25-hydroxycholesterol concentration. The possibility is discussed that 25-hydroxycholesterol may have a role in the inflammatory response, in addition to its more established role in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.
Lattice relaxation of GaAs islands grown on Si(100) substrate (1997)

Initial stage of lattice relaxation of GaAs islands grown on Si(100) substrate were investigated by combination of reflection high-energy electron diffraction and molecular beam epitaxy. In addition to the lattice constants in horizontal direction (a∥) to the substrate surface, we first measured directly those in vertical one (a⊥). At the beginning of the growth, the rapid increase of a∥ and the larger Poisson’s ratios than that of bulk were observed. Atomic bond flexibility and extension induced by surface effects might cause this rapid increase of a∥ and large Poisson’s ratios.
A 28nm 6T SRAM memory compiler with a variation tolerant replica circuit (2012)

We propose an SRAM replica tracking circuit that reduces divergence of the replica path relative to normal read path (6-16% less Sense differential Requirement), thus improving the access time by 5-8%. The approach is compatible to power managed SRAMs having Retain till Access feature and also for non power managed SRAMs with no sense differential impact. Using This Replica tracing circuit Sense differential has been well tracked across all array and periphery voltages combinations which further improve the access time by 4-6%. Instances with this method 0.5-256Kb have been tested on a 28nm CMOS LP process.
An interleaved scanline algorithm for 2-D affine transformations of images (2003)

A fast, simple, powerful algorithm for performing affine transformation on digital images is presented. The algorithm belongs to the class of scanline algorithms. It is derived from the Catmull-Smith 2-pass algorithm, but the two passes are performed in an interleaved fashion, thereby making it possible to be implemented in a pipeline fashion. The coordinate computations are incremental. Memory requirements are drastically reduced to a little over a scanlines' worth. The algorithm is implemented as a software prototype using C on a Sun SPARCstation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oscillatory flow over a circular cylinder close to a plane boundary (1996)

We consider by analytical, computational and experimental means the steady streaming that is induced when a circular cylinder is placed close to a plane boundary in an oscillatory flow. The Strouhal number, and streaming Reynolds number, are both large. The flows predicted, and observed, are shown to lead to an unexpected and indirect mechanism for scouring on the boundary immediately beneath the cylinder.
The NUMA with clusters of processors for parallel join (1997)

A number of hybrid systems have been proposed to combine the advantages of shared nothing and shared everything concepts for computing relational join operations. Most of these proposed systems, however, presented a few analytical results and have produced limited or no implementations on actual multiprocessors. In this paper, we present a parallel join algorithm with load-balancing for a hybrid system that combines both shared-nothing and shared-everything architectures. We derive an analytical model for the join algorithm on this architecture and validate it using both hardware/software simulations and actual experimentations. We study the performance of the join on the hybrid system for a wide range of system parameter values. We conclude that the hybrid system outperforms both shared-nothing and shared-everything architectures.
Zeeman Effect Induced by Intense Laser Light (2014)

We analyze spectral line shapes of hydrogenlike species subjected to fields of electromagnetic waves. It is shown that the magnetic component of an electromagnetic wave may significantly influence the spectra. In particular, the Zeeman effect induced by a visible or infrared light can be experimentally observed using present-day powerful lasers. In addition, the effect may be used for diagnostics of focused beam intensities achieved at existing and newly built laser facilities.
Bayesian inference for OPC modeling (2016)

The use of optical proximity correction (OPC) demands increasingly accurate models of the photolithographic process. Model building and inference techniques in the data science community have seen great strides in the past two decades which make better use of available information. This paper aims to demonstrate the predictive power of Bayesian inference as a method for parameter selection in lithographic models by quantifying the uncertainty associated with model inputs and wafer data. Specifically, the method combines the model builder's prior information about each modelling assumption with the maximization of each observation's likelihood as a Student's t-distributed random variable. Through the use of a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, a model's parameter space is explored to find the most credible parameter values. During parameter exploration, the parameters' posterior distributions are generated by applying Bayes' rule, using a likelihood function and the a priori knowledge supplied. The MCMC algorithm used, an affine invariant ensemble sampler (AIES), is implemented by initializing many walkers which semiindependently explore the space. The convergence of these walkers to global maxima of the likelihood volume determine the parameter values' highest density intervals (HDI) to reveal champion models. We show that this method of parameter selection provides insights into the data that traditional methods do not and outline continued experiments to vet the method.
A smart technique for determining base-station locations in an urban environment (2001)

With the increasing demand for cheaper and better wireless communication services from customers, and the tendency to move toward smaller cell sizes, it is becoming very important to optimally design the cell geometry and deploy the minimum number of base stations to provide maximum possible coverage. We consider how to optimally determine the locations for the placement of base stations for a wireless system in an urban setting, given the cell coverage. An algorithm is presented that determines the optimal locations of the base stations without performing an exhaustive search. Using this algorithm, a 20-25% decrease in the number of base stations required has been observed for simulated environments. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is also discussed.
Blue Light by SHG in Diode Pumped LiNbO3 Waveguides (2002)

In this work, second harmonic generation (SHG) in nonlinear channel waveguides by quasi phase matching is reported. The photorefractive damage resistant waveguides were fabricated by Zn-diffusion technique using periodic poled lithium niobate wafers (PPLN). The SH wave, at 397.8 nm, was generated by using a CW diode laser with emission wavelength at 795.6 nm and 1 W peak power was used as fundamental wave. The nonlinear waveguides exhibit a stable conversion even at room temperature with no sign of deterioration induced by the optical damage.
Ionized Electron Centers in Alkali Halide Crystals (1965)

New optical-absorption bands in alkali halide crystals are attributed to transitions of ionized $F$-aggregate centers. These bands are produced by cooling crystals containing $F$-aggregate centers to liquid-helium temperature and exposing them first to x rays and then to near-ultraviolet light. The x-ray exposure introduces trapped-hole centers, namely, ${V}_{K}$ and $H$. Optical excitation at the spectral region of the overlapping ${V}_{K}$ and $H$ bands results in a decrease of both $F$-aggregate center and ${V}_{K}\ensuremath{-}H$ absorption, and the production of the new bands in the near infrared. In KCl and KBr containing $M$ centers, the $M$ band transforms with a fixed ratio to bands at 1.40 and 1.49 \ensuremath{\mu}, respectively. This ratio is also maintained in the restoration of the $M$ band with subsequent $F$-light exposure. When optical dichroism is initially present in the $M$ bands, the same dichroism appears in the new bands following the transformation process. These bands have been indentified as transitions of the ${{F}_{2}}^{+}$ center. For crystals containing $R$ centers, a one-to-one correspondence of $R$ bands with a new near-infrared band attributed to the ${{F}_{3}}^{+}$ center is similarly observed. In KCl this band strongly overlaps the spectral position of the ${N}_{1}$ and at 0.96 \ensuremath{\mu}. In KBr the ${{F}_{3}}^{+}$ transition lies at 1.02 \ensuremath{\mu} and is clearly resolved from the ${N}_{1}$ band which apparently peaks at 1.07 \ensuremath{\mu}. There is evidence to indicate that ${{F}_{3}}^{+}$ centers are also produced at room temperature as a result of either x-ray exposure of a virgin crystal or bleaching with $F$ light of an additively colored crystal. For KCl and KBr crystals containing relatively large $R$ and $N$ bands, x-ray and near-uv exposure also results in the production of additional bands. First, a new absorption band is superimposed on the ${{F}_{2}}^{+}$ transition. The origin of this band is not known. Second, a band forms at 1.67 \ensuremath{\mu} in KCl and 1.80 \ensuremath{\mu} in KBr in crystals containing an ${N}_{1}$ band enhanced by annealing an additively colored crystal at 85\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. This band is tentatively ascribed to the singly ionized ${N}_{1}$ center, ${{N}_{1}}^{+}$.
Link Error Control and Network Route Selection (1961)

Military networks must deliver messages during periods of high noise. On a link basis, character reliability can be increased using decision feedback for error control. Two specific decision feedback schemes are described in detail. The improved reliabilities and the reduced capacities for information transfer are computed. A method is then given for determining the optimal message route between each origin and destination-that is, the route whose capacity is maximum such that the route character reliability is adequate. Using a typical military network as an example, and typical jamming noise, optimal routes are determined from a station to each of six stations. The routes thus chosen are compared with routes chosen by another criterion.
Analysis of capacitor voltage and boost vector in neutral-point-clamped converter and H-bridge converter (2003)

In steady states, converter is normally operated in the range of 0.7/spl sim/0.8 [p.u] of modulation index. Even though zero vectors are not imposed to high modulation index, DC-link voltage is constant. It means that there exists another boost vector except for zero vectors among several vectors in 3-level converter. This paper has examined the principle of boost and investigated the difference between another boost vector and zero vectors in 3-level converter. In addition, this paper has analysed and compared capacitor voltage of NPC and H-bridge converter. It proposed the calculation method for the voltage ripple and charging current of each capacitor and dealt with voltage balance problems of each link capacitor, which are associated with the switching state and the position of reference voltage vectors. The proposed strategy and comparison are confirmed by simulation.
Exploring Opportunistic Spectrum Availability in Wireless Communication Networks (2008)

The introduction of the cognitive principle into the logic of a wireless net- work requires extending the cognitive concept to rules of operation that take into account the presence of several nodes in the network as well as their instantaneous configuration. In this perspective, the design goal moves from the definition of a single smart device to a network of smart devices that must be capable of efficiently coexisting in a given geographical area by using cooperation. This goal requires the integration of cognitive prin- ciples into the rules of interaction between nodes in the network: the set of wireless nodes should form a social network that must be modeled and analyzed as one entity in order to optimize the design of network functions such as resource management and routing.
Expression of<i>Xenopus</i>N-CAM RNA in ectoderm is an early response to neural induction (1987)

We have isolated Xenopus laevis N-CAM cDNA clones and used these to study the expression of N-CAM RNA during neural induction. The results show that the first marked increase in N-CAM RNA levels occurs during gastrulation when mesoderm comes in contact with ectoderm and induces neural development. In situ hybridization results show that the early expression of N-CAM RNA is localized to the neural plate and its later expression is confined to the neural tube. Induction experiments with explanted germ layers show that N-CAM RNA is not expressed in ectoderm unless there is contact with inducing tissue. Together these results suggest an approach to studying how ectoderm is committed to form neural rather than epidermal tissue. Specifically, the data suggest that neural commitment is marked and perhaps mediated by the transcriptional activation of genes, like N-CAM, in the neural ectoderm.
The importance of NVQs (1992)

I read Mike Owen’s letter (NVQs: devaluing nursing skills? September 9) with frustration and would like to challenge his ideas.
Moisture Challenges in Canadian Energy Efficient Housing (1992)

The rapid evolution of traditional wood-frame construction prac tices, in response to the need for energy conservation, has led to an increase in mois ture problems in some new and retrofitted houses in certain parts of Canada. This has prompted Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), the federal government's housing agency, to undertake a detailed program of research, which has involved field surveys, test hut monitoring and computer modelling. After almost a decade of such research, a better understanding of the principles of moisture, air and heat flow has been gained. This improved understanding is now being translated into practical applications for energy-efficient housing to prevent or remedy mois ture problems.
Combination treatment improves hypertrophic scars (2013)

A combination therapy of same-session fractional ablative laser treatment and topical triamcinolone acetonide suspension improves hypertrophic scars, according to results of a recent study.
Phenomenological Transparency (2017)

Translucent objects such as fog, clouds, smoke, glass, ice, and liquids are pervasive in cinematic environments because they frame scenes in depth and create visually-compelling shots. Unfortunately, they are hard to render in real-time and have thus previously been rendered poorly compared to opaque surfaces. This paper introduces the first model for a real-time rasterization algorithm that can simultaneously approximate the following transparency phenomena: wavelength-varying ("colored") transmission, translucent colored shadows, caustics, volumetric light and shadowing, partial coverage, diffusion, and refraction. All render efficiently with order-independent draw calls and low bandwidth. We include source code.
Determination of bimetallic architectures in nanometer-scale catalysts by combining molecular dynamics simulations with x-ray absorption spectroscopy (2017)

Here we present an approach for the determination of an atomic structure of small bimetallic nanoparticles by combining extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and classical molecular dynamics simulations based on the Sutton-Chen potential. The proposed approach is illustrated in the example of PdAu nanoparticles with ca 100 atoms and narrow size and compositional distributions. Using a direct modeling approach and no adjustable parameters, we were able to reproduce the size and shape of nanoparticles as well as the intra-particle distributions of atoms and metal mixing ratios and to explore the influence of these parameters on the local structure and dynamics in nanoparticles.
Pharmaceutical Considerations (1989)

From the preceding chapters it is obvious that chemotherapeutic applications of antisense oligonucleotides and their analogues are at a very early stage of research, let alone development and preclinical/clinical testing. The investigations of ‘antisense oligomers’ in living systems reported to date have been limited to either whole-cell cultures or simple organisms, with the exception of a few preliminary studies involving mice. Because of the scarcity of pharmaceutically related information in this new area (van der Krol et al., 1988; Miller and Ts’o, 1988; Stein and Cohen, 1988; Zon, 1988), it was not realistic to write the present chapter as a conventional review with extensive summaries of data and specific conclusions. The alternative approach which was taken addresses principal issues, such as pharmacokinetics, ‘packaging’, targeting, toxicity and mutagenicity, either in an a priori manner, if experimental data were unavailable, or with reference to existing data for antisense oligomers, which were usually of a preliminary nature.
In-Situ Imaging of Crack Growth with Piezoelectric-Wafer Active Sensors (2007)

∗Piezoelectric-wafer active sensors (PWAS) are small, inexpensive, non-invasive, elastic wave transmitters/receivers that can be easily affixed to a structure. PWAS are wide-band nonresonant devices that can selectively tune in various Lamb wave modes traveling in a thin-wall structure. PWAS can be wired into sensor arrays and connected to data concentrators and wireless communicators. They have the potential to bring about a revolution in structural health monitoring, damage detection, and non-destructive evaluation just as significant as ultrasonic inspection did 50 years ago. However, its development is not yet complete, and a number of issues have still to be resolved. This paper will present results obtained in using a PWAS phased array to in-situ image crack growth during a simulated structural health monitoring test. The fatigue crack growth experiment was set up on a 1000 mm by 1000 mm 2024-T3 1-mm thick aluminum plate. An initial pre-crack of 30 mm was grown under fatigue loading to a final length of 60 mm over a total of 58 kilocycles run at 10 Hz frequency in an MTS-810 testing machine. During the test, insitu readings of the PWAS phased array were taken while the testing machine was running. The PWAS were excited with a 10-Vpp smoothed 3-count tone burst of 372 kHz, which excited the symmetric S0 Lamb-wave mode. To minimize the equipment requirement to just a single channel, the excitation of the PWAS array was performed in a round robin fashion. Simultaneously, all the PWAS were in term considered as receivers. In this way, an N x N matrix of signals was collected and stored. In the beginning, the received signals were unusable due to the high 10 Hz noise superposed by the testing process. Additional hardware was constructed to pre-filter the received signals prior to digitization. Consequently, usable signals with clear crack reflections were successfully collected. The received signals were post processed with the embedded ultrasonics structural radar (EUSR) algorithm to obtain a direct imaging of the crack in the test plate (similar to the C-scan from ultrasonic NDE, only that was obtained from a single location using a sweeping beam of focused Lamb waves. The imaging results were correlated with physical measurements of the crack size using penetrating liquid and a digital camera. Remarkable consistency was obtained. Subsequently, the results were used to predict further crack growth and make a prognosis of component failure using the structural health monitoring results.
Brief Communication: Induction of Macrophage-Mediated Tumor-Cell Cytotoxicity by Pyran Copolymer2 (1974)

Journal Article Brief Communication: Induction of Macrophage-Mediated Tumor-Cell Cytotoxicity by Pyran Copolymer Get access Alan M. Kaplan, Alan M. Kaplan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Page S. Morahan, Page S. Morahan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William Regelson William Regelson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 6, June 1974, Pages 1919–1923, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.6.1919 Published: 01 June 1974 Article history Received: 19 February 1974 Accepted: 27 February 1974 Published: 01 June 1974
Infrared metasurfaces created with off-normal incidence microsphere photolithography (2017)

Fabricating metasurfaces over large areas at low costs remains a critical challenge to their practical implementation. This paper reports on the use of microsphere photolithography (MPL) to create infrared metasurfaces by changing the angle-of-incidence of the illumination to steer the photonic jet. The displacement of the photonic jet is shown to scale with the diameter of the microsphere while the exposure dose scales with the square of the microsphere diameter. This process is robust in the presence of local defects in the microsphere lattice. The paper demonstrates patterning split ring resonators and tripole based metasurfaces using MPL, which are fabricated and characterized with FTIR. The combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches in off-normal incidence microsphere photolithography technique provides cost-effective, flexible, and high-throughput fabrication of infrared metasurfaces.
A unified approach to restoration, deinterlacing and resolution enhancement in decoding MPEG-2 video (2002)

The quality and spatial resolution of video can be improved by combining multiple pictures to form a single superresolution picture. We address the special problems associated with pictures of variable but somehow parameterized quality such as MPEG-decoded video. Our algorithm provides a unified approach to restoration, chrominance upsampling, deinterlacing, and resolution enhancement. A decoded MPEG-2 sequence for interlaced standard definition television (SDTV) in 4:2:0 is converted to: (1) improved quality interlaced SDTV in 4:2:0; (2) interlaced SDTV in 4:4:4; (3) progressive SDTV in 4:4:4; (4) interlaced high-definition TV (HDTV) in 4:2:0; (5) progressive HDTV in 4:2:0. These conversions also provide features such as freeze frame and zoom. The algorithm is mainly targeted at bit rates of 4-8 Mb/s. The algorithm is based on motion-compensated spatial upsampling from multiple images and decimation to the desired format. The processing involves an estimated quality of individual pixels based on MPEG image type and local quantization value. The mean-squared error (MSE) is reduced, compared to the directly decoded sequence, and annoying ringing artifacts, including mosquito noise, are effectively suppressed. The superresolution pictures obtained by the algorithm are of much higher visual quality and have lower MSE than superresolution pictures obtained by simple spatial interpolation.