gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method for Accurate and Efficient Barcode Detection with Morphological Operations (2012)

Barcode technology is the pillar of automatic identification, that is used in a wide range of real-time applications with various types of codes. The different types of codes and applications impose special problems, so there is a continuous need for solutions with improved effectiveness. There are several methods for barcode localization, that are well characterized by accuracy and speed. Particularly, high-speed processing places need automatic barcode localization, e.g. conveyor belts, automated production, where missed detections cause loss of profit. In this paper, we mainly deal with segmentation of images with 1D barcode, but also analyze the operation of different methods for 2D barcode images as well. Our goal is to detect automatically, rapidly and accurately the barcode location by the help of extracted features. We compare some published method from the literature, which basically rely on the contrast between the background and the shape that represent the code. We also propose a novel algorithm, that outperforms the others in both accuracy and efficiency in detecting 1D codes.
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2014)

Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013), directed by Peter Jackson.
Total variation and cheeger cuts (2010)

In this work, inspired by (Bühler &amp; Hein, 2009), (Strang, 1983), and (Zhang et al., 2009), we give a continuous relaxation of the Cheeger cut problem on a weighted graph. Weshowthattherelaxationisactuallyequivalent to the original problem. We then describe an algorithmfor finding good cuts suggested by the similarities of the energy of the relaxed problem and various well studied energies in image processing. Finally we provide experimental validation of the proposed algorithm, demonstrating its efficiency in finding high quality cuts. 1.
Metallinsertion in C-C-Bindungen in Lösung (1999)

Welche Art von Metallzentrum mit Liganden ist nötig, um in eine „verdeckte”︁ C-C-Bindung zu inserieren? Wie kann man das Metallzentrum für die C-C-Bindungsaktivierung durch Veränderung der sterischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften der Liganden beeinflussen, und wie sehen die möglichen Mechanismen der C-C-Aktivierung in den verschiedenen Reaktionssystemen aus? Eine systematische Betrachtung der verfügbaren Daten zur C-C-Bindungsaktivierung in Lösung liefert einige Antworten auf diese Fragen.
Characteristics of a traveling-wave ruby single-mode laser as a laser radar transmitter (1966)

As part of a laser radar program, a single-mode ruby laser transmitter has been developed having the following properties: Master Oscillator: power output ≈ 20 kW; pulse width =1μs; repetition rate = 1 pps. Power Amplifier: (measured gain 24 dB). This paper describes results obtained with this laser transmitter. The techniques to determine the key properties of this laser transmitter are described along with the actual results that have been obtained. The particular characteristics of interest are 1) coherence of the laser, 2) frequency shift of chirp during the pulse, and 3) method of achieving the single mode.
Steroid Hormone Receptors and Drug Discovery: Therapeutic Opportunities and Assay Designs (2003)

Steroid receptors belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, which represents one of the important families of drug targets in the pharmaceutical industry. These receptors are generally expressed in a broad range of tissues and play roles in multiple physiological pathways. They represent one of the most complex target classes for drug research as the typical pharmacologically selective, potent, and pure agonist or antagonist may not be sufficient for the development of an optimal compound for therapeutic use. In many cases, the professed compound that is a selective modulator of a steroid hormone receptor that functions as an agonist in one tissue and as an antagonist in another can offer a better therapeutic advantage. In this review, we will selectively summarize members of the steroid hormone receptor subfamily, their therapeutic opportunities, and a glimpse of the methods that can be utilized in the development of drugs that target these receptors.
The Economic Value Of Ensemble-Based Weather Forecasts (2002)

The potential economic benefit associated with the use of an ensemble of forecasts versus an equivalent or higher-resolution control forecast is discussed. Neither forecast systems are postprocessed, except a simple calibration that is applied to make them reliable. A simple decision-making model is used where all potential users of weather forecasts are characterized by the ratio between the cost of their action to prevent weather-related damages, and the loss that they incur in case they do not protect their operations. It is shown that the ensemble forecast system can be used by a much wider range of users. Furthermore, for many, and for beyond 4-day lead time for all users, the ensemble provides greater potential economic benefit than a control forecast, even if the latter is run at higher horizontal resolution. It is argued that the added benefits derive from 1) the fact that the ensemble provides a more detailed forecast probability distribution, allowing the users to tailor their weather forecast–related actions to their particular cost–loss situation, and 2) the ensemble's ability to differentiate between high-and low-predictability cases. While single forecasts can statistically be supplemented by more detailed probability distributions, it is not clear whether with more sophisticated postprocessing they can identify more and less predictable forecast cases as successfully as ensembles do.
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression is a candidate target of the synergistic combination of trastuzumab and flavopiridol in breast cancer. (2003)

ErbB2 and cyclin D1 are interacting oncogenes that are particularly important in breast cancer. We demonstrated previously synergy between two drugs that separately address each oncogene, trastuzumab and flavopiridol. Here we examine the cellular basis for this interaction. Although both drugs are thought to alter cell cycle progression, the combination of trastuzumab and flavopiridol had little effect on G(1) progression or retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. Instead, trastuzumab-flavopiridol synergistically enhanced apoptosis. Recent data have suggested that transcription elongation mediated by Cdk9 in P-TEFb is a more sensitive flavopiridol target than Cdk4. Supporting this view, we found synergy between 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole riboside and trastuzumab, but not between inhibitors of Cdk4 and trastuzumab. Similarly, a signature set of mRNAs that included the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) responded to the combination of trastuzumab-flavopiridol in a gene expression array analysis. Three lines of evidence confirmed the EGFR is a potential target of flavopiridol-trastuzumab synergy: (a) EGFR protein expression was rapidly and completely lost after combination treatment; (b) a cell line that expresses amplified levels of both erbB2 and the EGFR was resistant to the combined drugs; and (c) treatment with epidermal growth factor prevented any therapeutic effects of flavopiridol and trastuzumab, singly or in combination. Taken together, our results suggest that synergy between flavopiridol and trastuzumab can result from enhanced apoptosis, and that combination effects on EGFR expression are involved in the interaction.
Thorium molten-salt nuclear energy synergetics. (1990)

In the next century, the "fission breeder" concept will not be practical to solve the global energy problems, including environmental and North-South problems. As a new measure, a simple rational Th molten salt breeding fuel cycle system, named "Thorium Molten-Salt Nuclear Energy Synergetics [THORIMS-NES]", which composed of simple power stations and fissile producers, is proposed. This is effective to establish the essential improvement in issues of resources, safety, power-size flexibility, anti-nuclear proliferation and terrorism, radiowaste, economy, etc. securing the simple operation, maintenance, chemical processing, and rational breeding fuel cycle. As examples, 155 MWe fuel self-sustaining power station "FUJI-II", 7 MWe pilot-plant "miniFUJI-II", 1 GeV-300 mA proton Accelerator Molten-Salt Breeder "AMSB", and their combined fuel cycle system are explained.
Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation by Cross Coupling of Enol Phosphates or Enol Triflates with Organomanganese Compounds (1987)

Abstract Trialkylmanganese-mediated alkylation of enol phosphates is performed in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh3)4. The cross coupling reaction catalyzed by Li2MnCl4 between enol triflates and Grignard reagents is also described.
Project selection for student participation in humanitarian FOSS (2013)

Many faculty members are excited by the learning potential inherent in student participation in a Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) project. Student learning can range from software development to technical writing to team skills to professionalism and more. The altruistic nature of humanitarian FOSS provides additional appeal to students by providing the ability to do some social good. However, selection of an appropriate project can be difficult due to the large number of humanitarian FOSS projects available, and the wide range of size, complexity, domains, and communities in those projects. We have developed an approach to FOSS project selection [1] based on several years of experience involving students in humanitarian FOSS projects. This workshop will provide participants with a hands-on experience in selecting such a project. Participants will understand the key aspects of FOSS projects that are important when evaluating a project for use in the classroom. Participants will also be guided through the process of identifying and evaluating candidate projects for their classes.
Numerical modeling of thin film optical filters (2009)

Thin films are an important and sometimes essential component in many optical and electrical devices. As part of their studies in optics, students receive a basic grounding in the propagation of light through thin films of various configurations. Knowing how to calculate the transmission and reflection of light of various wavelengths through thin film layers is essential training that students should have. We present exercises where students use Mathcad to numerically model the transmission and reflection of light from various thin film configurations. By varying the number of layers and their optical parameters, students learn how to adjust the transmission curves in order to tune particular filters to suit needed applications.
Accelerating semantic graph databases on commodity clusters (2013)

We are developing a full software system for accelerating semantic graph databases on commodity cluster that scales to hundreds of nodes while maintaining constant query throughput. Our framework comprises a SPARQL to C++ compiler, a library of parallel graph methods and a custom multithreaded runtime layer, which provides a Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming model with fork/join parallelism and automatic load balancing over a commodity clusters. We present preliminary results for the compiler and for the runtime.
Synthetic diamond-based position-sensitive photoconductive detector development for the Advanced Photon Source (1998)

A novel X-ray beam-position detection device that we call a position-sensitive photoconductive detector (PSPCD) is designed to have synthetic diamond as its substrate material. We proved that it is feasible to use synthetic diamond to make a hard X-ray position-sensitive detector based on the photoconductivity principle and that it acts as a solid-state ion chamber. Experiments on different PSPCD samples using synthetic diamond with a high-heat-flux white undulator beam, as well as with monochromatic hard X-ray beams, have been performed at the Advanced Photon Source. Recent test results with the PSPCD in the quadrant configuration as an X-ray beam-position monitor and in a multipixel array as an X-ray beam profiler are presented in this paper.
Some aspects of cadmium flow in the U.S. (1979)

A team of Purdue University engineers and scientists has been involved in studying sources, translocation mechanisms, and fate of cadmium in the environment. One of the principal results of this work has been the development of a cadmium flow model for the U. S. which involves simulating sources, use patterns, waste treatment and recovery techniques, waste disposal options, and environmental flow mechanisms. A series of model calculations performed specify cadmium environmental flow, fate, and human exposure for a variety of use pattern, waste treatment/recovery, and disposal scenarios over a ten-year-simulation period.
Probing the mechanism of CO<sub>2</sub> capture in diamine-appended metal–organic frameworks using measured and simulated X-ray spectroscopy (2015)

Diamine-appended metal-organic frameworks display great promise for carbon capture applications, due to unusual step-shaped adsorption behavior that was recently attributed to a cooperative mechanism in which the adsorbed CO2 molecules insert into the metal-nitrogen bonds to form ordered ammonium carbamate chains [McDonald et al., Nature, 2015, 519, 303]. We present a detailed study of this mechanism by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Distinct spectral changes at the N and O K-edges are apparent upon CO2 adsorption in both mmen-Mg2(dobpdc) and mmen-Mn2(dobpdc), and these are evaluated based upon computed spectra from three potential adsorption structures. The computations reveal that the observed spectral changes arise from specific electronic states that are signatures of a quasi-trigonal planar carbamate species that is hydrogen bonded to an ammonium cation. This eliminates two of the three structures studied, and confirms the insertion mechanism. We note the particular sensitivity of X-ray absorption spectra to the insertion step of this mechanism, underpinning the strength of the technique for examining subtle chemical changes upon gas adsorption.
A Review of Slurry-Phase Hydrocracking Heavy Oil Technology (2007)

The technologies of slurry-phase hydrocracking of heavy oil and the latest development of dispersed catalysts were reviewed. Catalysts for slurry-phase hydrocracking of heavy oil have undergone two development phases, that is, heterogeneous solid powder catalysts and homogeneous dispersed catalysts. The homogeneous dispersed catalysts are divided into water-soluble dispersed catalysts and oil-soluble dispersed catalysts. Solid powder catalysts have low catalytic activity, which will produce a large number of solid particles in bottom oil; thus it is difficult to dispose and utilize. Dispersed catalysts are highly dispersed and have greater surface area to volume ratio. Therefore, they show high catalytic activity and good performance. They are desirable catalysts for slurry-phase hydrocracking of heavy oil.
Induction of microbial secondary metabolism. (1998)

Precursors often stimulate production of secondary metabolites either by increasing the amount of a limiting precursor, by inducing a biosynthetic enzyme (synthase) or both. These are usually amino acids but other small molecules also function as inducers. The most well-known are the auto-inducers which include gamma-butyrolactones (butanolides) of the actinomycetes, N-acylhomoserine lactones of Gram-negative bacteria, oligopeptides of Gram-positive bacteria, and B-factor (3'-[1-butylphosphoryl] adenosine) of Amycolatopsis mediterranei. The actinomycete butanolides exert their effects via receptor proteins which normally repress chemical and morphological differentiation (secondary metabolism and differentiation into aerial mycelia and spores respectively) but, when complexed with the butanolide, can no longer function. Homoserine lactones of Gram-negative bacteria function at high cell density and are structurally related to the butanolides. They turn on plant and animal virulence, light emission, plasmid transfer, and production of pigments, cyanide and beta-lactam antibiotics. They are made by enzymes homologous to Lux1, excreted by the cell, enter other cells at high density, bind to a LuxR homologue, the complex then binding to DNA upstream of genes controlled by "quorum sensing" and turning on their expression. Quorum sensing also operates in the case of the peptide pheromones of the Gram-positive bacteria. Here, secretion is accomplished by an ATP binding casette (ABC transporter), the secreted pheromone being recognized by a sensor component of a two-component signal transduction system. The pheromone often induces its own synthesis as well as those proteins involved in protein/peptide antibiotic (including bacteriocins and lantibiotics) production, virulence and genetic competence. The B-factor of A. mediterranei is an inducer of ansamycin (rifamycin) formation.
Spherical robot with new type of two-pendulum driving mechanism (2011)

This paper introduces a spherical robot, called KisBot II, with a new type of two-pendulum driving mechanism. A cross-shape frame is located horizontally in the center of the robot. The main axis of the frame is connected to the outer shell, and each pendulum is connected to the end of the other axis of the frame respectively. The main axis and pendulums can rotate 360 degrees inside the sphere orthogonally without interfering with each other, also the two pendulums can rotate identically or independent of each other. Due to this driving mechanism, KisBot II has various motion generation abilities, including a fast steering ability, turning ability in place and during travelling, and four(forward / backward / left / right) directional driving ability on the ground. Experiments for several motions verify the driving efficiency of the proposed spherical robot.
PACMan (2011)

Hardware prefetching and last-level cache (LLC) management are two independent mechanisms to mitigate the growing latency to memory. However, the interaction between LLC management and hardware prefetching has received very little attention. This paper characterizes the performance of state-of-the-art LLC management policies in the presence and absence of hardware prefetching. Although prefetching improves performance by fetching useful data in advance, it can interact with LLC management policies to introduce application performance variability. This variability stems from the fact that current replacement policies treat prefetch and demand requests identically.
GLoMo: Unsupervisedly Learned Relational Graphs as Transferable Representations (2018)

Modern deep transfer learning approaches have mainly focused on learning generic feature vectors from one task that are transferable to other tasks, such as word embeddings in language and pretrained convolutional features in vision. However, these approaches usually transfer unary features and largely ignore more structured graphical representations. This work explores the possibility of learning generic latent relational graphs that capture dependencies between pairs of data units (e.g., words or pixels) from large-scale unlabeled data and transferring the graphs to downstream tasks. Our proposed transfer learning framework improves performance on various tasks including question answering, natural language inference, sentiment analysis, and image classification. We also show that the learned graphs are generic enough to be transferred to different embeddings on which the graphs have not been trained (including GloVe embeddings, ELMo embeddings, and task-specific RNN hidden unit), or embedding-free units such as image pixels.
MAPk Activation Modulates Permeability of Isolated Rat Alveolar Epithelial Cell Monolayers Following Cyclic Stretch (2010)

We cultured (5 days) rat alveolar epithelial cells to investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPk) signaling in ventilator induced epithelial barrier dysfunction. Cells were stretched to a magnitude of 12% or 37% change in surface area at a rate of 0.25 Hz with and without pretreatment with either the JNK inhibitor SP600125 or the ERK inhibitor U0126. Following stretch (0, 10, 30, or 60 min), MAPk phosphorylation was examined, monolayer permeability to the uncharged tracer carboxyfluorescein measured (0, 10, 60 min of stretch), and occludin expression determined (0 and 60 min of stretch). Stretch to 12%, previously shown not to increase monolayer permeability, did not alter phosphorylation of any MAPk or occludin expression at any time point. Following stretch to 37%, phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 was significantly higher by 10 minutes than in unstretched monolayers. Phosphorylation of JNK and p38 subsided as stretch continued, and by 30 minutes returned to unstretched levels. Phosphorylation of ERK remained significantly elevated compared to unstretched levels at all stretch durations. Epithelial permeability increased significantly by 10 minutes of stretch compared to unstretched controls, with further significant increases by 60 minutes. Inhibition with U0126 and SP600125 prevented stretch-induced phosphorylation increases of ERK and JNK, respectively, however neither prevented increases in permeability following 10 minutes. Separately, inhibition of JNK or ERK prevented subsequent additional permeability increases as stretch continued to 60 minute time points. Inhibition of JNK, not ERK, prevented loss of occludin, and minimized loss of cell-cell contact following 60 minutes of stretch. These data suggest that stretch-induced JNK signaling modulates epithelial permeability through regulation tight junction protein expression, and is a potential target for clinical treatments during mechanical ventilation.
Optical technologies for terabit/s-throughput feeder link (2017)

To overcome data rate limitations of RF communication links with satellites, TNO and DLR envision optical free-space communication feeder links for next generation high throughput satellites. This paper provides a feasibility assessment of such links and the technology needed. The main results of the link budget and the turbulence modeling of terabit/s optical links are presented. Based on these parameters, requirements and status of the link-subsystems are discussed, and a roadmap is presented, aimed at achieving terabit per second optical feeder links.
The Chemistry of the Amino Acids and the Proteins (1933)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Electrophotography—A review (1972)

This review is concerned primarily with the electrophotographic systems currently in use, i.e., the electrodeless stored energy systems. First, the history of reproduction is traced from printing, through wet- and dry-chemical photography, to electrophotographic systems. The electrodeless system is defined and described in terms of the processing. Then, the light sensitive materials and processing are examined, and the characteristics of the material comprising the electrophotographic layer are related to the operational steps of charging and exposure. The principal development materials, dry powder, and liquid toners, are described on an electrochemical basis, and the toning mechanisms are reviewed. Finally, the principal applications and future trends of electrophotographic systems are outlined.