gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated generation of model cases for help-desk applications (2002)

Document databases may be ill-formed, containing redundant and poorly organized documents. For example, a database of customers’ descriptions of problems with products and the vendor's descriptions of their resolution may contain many descriptions of the same problem. A highly desirable goal is to transform the database into a concise set of summarized reports—model cases—which in turn are more amenable to search and problem resolution without expert intervention. In this paper, we describe techniques for attempting to automate the procedures for reducing a database to its essential components. Our initial application is self help for resolution of product problems. A lightweight document clustering method is described that operates in high dimensionality, processing tens of thousands of documents and grouping them into several thousand clusters. Techniques are described for summarization and exemplar selection to further refine the database contents. The method has been evaluated on a database of over 100,000 customer-service problem reports that are reduced to 3000 clusters and 5000 exemplar documents. Preliminary results are promising and demonstrate efficient clustering performance with excellent group similarity measures, reducing the original database size by several orders of magnitude.
Isolating the Effects of Fuel Chemistry on Combustion Phasing in an HCCI Engine and the Potential of Fuel Stratification for Ignition Control (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An investigation has been conducted to determine the relative magnitude of the various factors that cause changes in combustion phasing (or required intake temperature) with changes in fueling rate in HCCI engines. These factors include: fuel autoignition chemistry and thermodynamic properties (referred to as fuel chemistry), combustion duration, wall temperatures, residuals, and heat/cooling during induction. Based on the insight gained from these results, the potential of fuel stratification to control combustion phasing was also investigated.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The experiments were conducted in a single-cylinder HCCI engine at 1200 rpm using a GDI-type fuel injector. Engine operation was altered in a series of steps to suppress each of the factors affecting combustion phasing with changes in fueling rate, leaving only the effect of fuel chemistry. This involved the use of two novel techniques: 1) alternate-firing operation to remove changes in wall temperature and residuals; and 2) a method for determining the effective intake temperature to remove the effect of heating/cooling during induction.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Three fuels were examined. Iso-octane was found to have only a small change in autoignition chemistry with fueling rate; gasoline had a change just slightly larger than iso-octane; and PRF80 had a large change, due to its significant cool-flame chemistry. Comparison of the data with chemical-kinetic modeling showed that the detailed iso-octane mechanism matches the trends well, but that the detailed PRF mechanism does not. The experimental results indicate that engine management becomes more complicated for fuels with cool-flame chemistry. For PRF80, combustion phasing changes immediately with changes in fueling, whereas sudden changes in fueling have little effect on the combustion phasing for iso-octane or gasoline. However, the results also show that the potential for ignition control by fuel stratification is much larger for PRF80. Stratification significantly and rapidly shifts combustion phasing with PRF80, but not with iso-octane. Charge stratification was also found to be effective for improving combustion efficiency at low-load conditions.</div>
A state-of-the-art review of artificial intelligence techniques for short-term electric load forecasting (2017)

According to privatization and deregulation of power system, accurate electric load forecasting has come into prominence recently. The new energy market and the smart grid paradigm ask for both better demand side management policies and for more reliable forecasts from single end-users, up to system scale. However, it is complex to predict the electric demand owing to the influencing factors such as climate factors, social activities, and seasonal factors. The methods developed for load forecasting are broadly analyzed in two categories, namely analytical techniques and artificial intelligence techniques. In the literature, commonly used analytical methods are linear regression method, Box-Jenkins method, and nonparametric regression method. The analytical methods work well under normal daily circumstances, but they can't give contenting results while dealing with meteorological, sociological or economical changes, hence they are not updated depending on time. Therefore, artificial intelligence techniques have gained importance in reducing estimation errors. Artificial neural network, support vector machine, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system are among these artificial intelligence techniques. In this paper, a state-of-the-art review of three artificial intelligence techniques for short-term electric load forecasting is comprehensively presented.
In vitro association and phosphorylation of polyoma virus middle T antigen by cellular tyrosyl kinase activity. (1984)

We have observed increased phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the polyoma virus middle tumor antigen (MTAg) in in vitro kinase assays of the immune complexes immunoprecipitated from lysates of polyoma virus-infected mouse embryo cells to which increasing amounts of uninfected mouse embryo cell lysate had been added. The components from uninfected mouse cells responsible for increased MTAg phosphorylation were localized by subcellular fractionation to the plasma membrane and found to be sensitive to protease digestion, N-ethylmaleimide, and 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine inactivation. The majority of the membrane-associated activity responsible for the increased MTAg phosphorylation in these assays could be cleared from lysates of uninfected mouse cell lysates by centrifugation after reaction with Sepharose-bound monoclonal antibodies which recognize pp60c-src. These results suggest that MTAg can associate with cellular tyrosyl kinases in vitro and be phosphorylated by these enzymes in immune-complex kinase assays. The identity of at least one of these cellular tryosyl kinases which can associate with MTAg in vitro is likely to be pp60c-src.
Current therapeutic procedures in Dravet syndrome (2011)

Dravet syndrome is a highly pharmaco-resistant form of epilepsy. Valproate and benzodiazepines are the first-line treatment but are usually insufficient therapeutic options. Lamotrigine, carbamazepine and high doses of intravenous phenobarbital can aggravate seizures and should be avoided. Topiramate, levetiracetam, bromide and ketogenic diet also provide substantial efficacy as adjunctive therapy and procedures. Stiripentol is the only new drug to demonstrate efficacy when combined with valproate and clobazam, as shown in two independent double-blind controlled trials dedicated to Dravet children. In order to avoid side effects (mainly loss of appetite and loss of weight) resulting from the inhibition of cytochromes P450 by stiripentol, the prescribed doses of valproate and clobazam should be reduced. Stiripentol has a proper antiepileptic effect and enhances GABAergic neurotransmission by acting on the alpha-3 subunit of GABA(A) receptors. Stiripentol was approved as an orphan drug in Europe in 2007 for adjunctive therapy in Dravet syndrome. More than 500 Dravet patients have currently been satisfactorily treated and recent experiments in Japan have confirmed stiripentol's benefit. In practice, valproate should be initiated at the first onset of complicated febrile seizure in Dravet patients. Relapses justify the addition of clobazam and stiripentol when available. Topiramate and a ketogenic diet are alternatives in pharmaco-resistant cases.
Biaxial orientation of poly (ethylene terephthalate). Part II: The strain–hardening parameter (1993)

Abstract Results of a study of the orientation characteristics of extruded poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (Homopolymer) sheets are discussed with respect to stretching condition. PET exhibits strain‐induced crystallization upon being stretched to large extension ratios. This may lead to strain‐hardening, which is accompanied by an upswing in the stress–strain curve recorded during the process of extension. A parameter pertaining to the extension ratio, at which the onset of strain‐hardening occurs during stretching of the specimen, is defined. This is called the strain‐hardening parameter (SHP). The dependence of the SHP on the mode of stretching, the temperature of stretching, the strain rate, and the limiting extension ratio in the first stretch direction, are studied. It is seen that the SHP in both simultaneous and sequential modes decreases with increasing strain rate and the limiting extension ratio in the first stretch direction, while it increases with increasing temperature of stretching. For specimens stretched in the simultaneous mode at 90°C, SHP versus extension rate shows a minimum. This could be due to viscous dissipation at high rates of extension. Also studied is the relationship of strain‐hardening and the SHP with strain‐induced crystallization. It is seen that for specimens stretched in the uniaxial constrained mode, the rapid increase in properties with extension occurs much before the upswing in the stress–strain curve. The upswing occurs at the extension ratio at which the increase in properties once again becomes gradual. This means that the upswing in the stress–strain curve indicates significant completion of strain‐induced crystallization and the establishment of structural order within the specimen. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Combination of Experimental Design and Joint Modeling Methods for Quantifying the Risk Associated With Deterministic and Stochastic Uncertainties - An Integrated Test Study (2001)

Abstract This paper presents a fully-integrated methodology for managing reservoir uncertainties during history matching, production forecasting and production scheme optimization. Based on the traditional experimental design methodology, this innovative approach, called the Joint Modeling Method, allows to model the production recovery as a function of both the deterministic uncertain parameters, such as petrophysical and production parameters, as well as non-continuous parameters such as geostatistical realizations and equiprobable matched models. In this new approach, the dispersion due to the non-continuous uncertainties is modeled in a rigorous statistical framework through the variance of the production recovery. The method was successfully applied on data derived from a North Sea real field case. The objective was to quantify the impact of the principle reservoir uncertainties on the cumulative oil production and to optimize future field development in a risk analysis approach. The uncertainties were mainly on petrophysical data, geostatistical facies distribution and aquifer strength. The study was performed in the following steps: –sensitivity study. The most influential parameters were identified and the impact of geostatistical uncertainties was highlighted.–history matching. The influential parameters were constrained to the available production data. In particular, the geostatistical model was locally modified using both FFTMA technique and the gradual deformation method.–production scheme optimization. Experimental design and joint modeling were used to obtain probabilistic distributions of the optimized location of new wells in a non-producing zone.–risk analysis: Finally, probabilistic incremental oil production was obtained using Monte-Carlo technique. Results show that this integrated methodology successfully enables to quantify the risk associated with the main reservoir uncertainties during the whole process of a reservoir engineering study (sensitivity, history match, production optimization and forecast).
A 0.7–2-GHz Self-Calibrated Multiphase Delay-Locked Loop (2006)

A 0.7-2-GHz precise multiphase delay-locked loop (DLL) using a digital calibration circuit is presented. Incorporating with the proposed digital calibration circuit, the mismatch-induced timing error among multiphase clocks in the proposed DLL can be self-calibrated. When the calibration procedure is finished, the digital calibration circuit can be turned off automatically to save power dissipations and reduce noise generations. A start controlled circuit is proposed to enlarge the operating frequency range of the DLL. Both the start-controlled circuit and the calibration circuit require an external reset signal to ensure the correctness of the calibration after temperature,operating frequency, and power supply voltage are settled. This DLL with the digital calibration circuit has been fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The measured results show the DLL exhibits a lock range of 0.7-2 GHz while the peak-to-peak jitter and rms jitter is 18.9ps and 2.5 ps at 2 GHz, respectively. When the calibration procedure is completed and the DLL operates at 1 GHz, the maximum mismatch-induced timing error among multiphase clocks is reduced from 20.4 ps (7.34 degree) to 3.5 ps (1.26 degree).
Ionic‐Liquid–Nanoparticle Hybrid Electrolytes: Applications in Lithium Metal Batteries (2013)

Development of rechargeable lithium metal battery (LMB) remains a challenge because of uneven lithium deposition during repeated cycles of charge and discharge. Ionic liquids have received intensive scientific interest as electrolytes because of their exceptional thermal and electrochemical stabilities. Ionic liquid and ionic-liquid-nanoparticle hybrid electrolytes based on 1-methy-3-propylimidazolium (IM) and 1-methy-3-propylpiperidinium (PP) have been synthesized and their ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, mechanical properties, and ability to promote stable Li electrodeposition investigated. PP-based electrolytes were found to be more conductive and substantially more efficient in suppressing dendrite formation on cycled lithium anodes; as little as 11 wt % PP-IL in a PC-LiTFSI host produces more than a ten-fold increase in cell lifetime. Both PP- and IM-based nanoparticle hybrid electrolytes provide up to 10 000-fold improvements in cell lifetime than anticipated based on their mechanical modulus alone. Galvanostatic cycling measurements in Li/Li4 Ti5 O12 half cells using IL-nanoparticle hybrid electrolytes reveal more than 500 cycles of trouble-free operation and enhanced rate capability.
Temperature variation effects on the switching characteristics of bipolar mode FETs (BMFETs) (2003)

The switching performance of a bipolar mode FET (BMFET) is examined and measured over a temperature range from -184 degrees C to +197 degrees C. Data are presented which show the temperature variation of the rise and fall times, for both the current and voltage; the measured temperature dependence of the forward voltage drop is also presented. These data show that overall device switching performance is not improved for low temperature operation and is degraded at temperatures above room temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of xipamide and triamterene - alone or in combination - on electrolyte excretion in the rat. (1976)

The effects of X and T in different doses alone or in combination on renal sodium and potassium excretion were examined in conscious rats. In acute experiments, the combination of both diuretics produced an approximately additive effect on sodium excretion. Addition of T to X in different dose relations (X:T = 1:0.5, 1:1 or 1:1.5) prevented the X-induced potassium loss. These effects were more pronounced at the highest dose of T; the difference to the other combinations, however, was small. In chronic experiments, when the diuretics were administered daily for 13 days, both combinations (X:T = 1:1 and X:T = 1:1.5) resulted in a nearly equilibrated potassium balance at the end of this period. In shorter intervals, however, sometimes considerable oscillations in potassium excretion occured.
New P‐type of poly(4‐methoxy‐triphenylamine)s derived by coupling reactions: Synthesis, electrochromic behaviors, and hole mobility (2009)

Abstract Methoxy‐substituted poly(triphenylamine)s, poly‐4‐methoxytriphenylamine ( PMOTPA ), and poly‐ N,N ‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐ N ′, N ′‐diphenyl‐ p ‐phenylenediamine ( PMOPD ), were synthesized from the nickel‐catalyzed Yamamoto and oxidative coupling reaction with FeCl 3 . All synthesized polymers could be well characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. These polymers possess good solubility in common organic solvent, thermal stability with relatively high glass‐transition temperatures ( T g s) in the range of 152–273 °C, 10% weight‐loss temperature in excess of 480 °C, and char yield at 800 °C higher than 79% under a nitrogen atmosphere. They were amorphous and showed bluish green light (430–487 nm) fluorescence with quantum efficiency up to 45–62% in NMP solution. The hole‐transporting and electrochromic properties are examined by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. All polymers exhibited reversible oxidation redox peaks and E onset around 0.44–0.69 V versus Ag/AgCl and electrochromic characteristics with a color change under various applied potentials. The series of PMOTPA and PMOPD also showed p‐type characteristics, and the estimated hole mobility of O ‐ PMOTPA and Y ‐ PMOPD were up to 1.5 × 10 −4 and 5.6 × 10 −5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , respectively. The FET results indicate that the molecular weight, annealing temperature, and polymer structure could crucially affect the charge transporting ability. This study suggests that triphenylamine‐containing conjugated polymer is a multifunctional material for various optoelectronic device applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4037–4050, 2009
Protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) administration on cisplatin‐induced oxidative damage to liver in rat (2006)

Cisplatin is one of the most active cytotoxic agents in the treatment of cancer. High doses of cisplatin have also been known to produce hepatotoxicity. Several studies suggest that supplementation with an antioxidant can influence cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. The present study was designed to determine the effects of cisplatin on the liver oxidant/antioxidant system, and the possible protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on liver toxicity induced by cisplatin. Twenty-four adult female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of six rats each: control, cisplatin, CAPE, and cisplatin+CAPE. Cisplatin and CAPE were injected intraperitoneally. Liver tissue was removed to study the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), myeloperoxidase (MPO), xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO). The activities of SOD and GSH-Px increased in the cisplatin+CAPE and CAPE groups compared with the cisplatin group. CAT activity was higher in the cisplatin +CAPE group than the other three groups. XO activity was lower in the cisplatin group than the control group. MPO activity was also increased in the cisplatin group compared to the control and CAPE groups. It can be concluded that CAPE may prevent cisplatin-induced oxidative changes in liver by strengthening the antioxidant defence system by reducing reactive oxygen species and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.
Half a Century of Studying Genotype × Environment Interactions in Plant Breeding Experiments (2016)

Variation in crop performance is directly affected by the environment in which the plant grows. Analyses and estimation of genotype × environment interactions (G×E) have the potential to provide information about the characteristics of genotypes, identify elite genotypes and suitable environmental conditions, establish breeding objectives, and make recommendations for crop management practices. For the past half century, a variety of statistical models have been used for estimating G×E in plant breeding field experiments to facilitate the allocation of superior genotypes to the target population of environments. The most commonly used models are described in this review starting with linear regression and ANOVA models. We then describe modifications in the form of multiplicative models, models that can accommodate external variables, and mixed effect models. Quantification of differential effects of segments of a genome across environments is shown by exploiting marker × environment (M×E) interactions. We close with a brief overview of some nonparametric concepts that aim to understand genotypic stability.
A novel human anti‐<scp>VCAM</scp>‐1 monoclonal antibody ameliorates airway inflammation and remodelling (2013)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by Type 2 helper T cells and eosinophils. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) has been implicated in recruiting eosinophils and lymphocytes to pathological sites in asthma as a regulatory receptor. Accordingly, monoclonal antibody (mAb) against VCAM-1 may attenuate allergic inflammation and pathophysiological features of asthma. We attempted to evaluate whether a recently developed human anti-VCAM-1 mAb can inhibit the pathophysiological features of asthma in a murine asthma model induced by ovalbumin (OVA). Leucocyte adhesion inhibition assay was performed to evaluate the in vitro blocking activity of human anti-VCAM-1 mAb. OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice were treated with human anti-VCAM-1 mAb or isotype control Ab before intranasal OVA challenge. We evaluated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, measured inflammatory cytokines and examined histopathological features. The human anti-VCAM-1 mAb bound to human and mouse VCAM-1 molecules and inhibited adhesion of human leucocytes in vitro. AHR and inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were reduced in mice treated with human anti-VCAM-1 mAb as compared with a control Ab. The levels of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13, as well as transforming growth factor-β, in lung tissue were decreased in treated mice. Human anti-VCAM-1 mAb reduced goblet cell hyperplasia and peribronchial fibrosis. In vivo VCAM-1 expression decreased in the treated group. In conclusion, human anti-VCAM-1 mAb attenuated allergic inflammation and the pathophysiological features of asthma in OVA-induced murine asthma model. The results suggested that human anti-VCAM-1 mAb could potentially be used as an additional anti-asthma therapeutic medicine.
Increased spontaneous activity of antibody‐forming cells in the peripheral blood of patients with active sle (1977)

Thirty-seven patients with criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 18 normal controls were studied for their spontaneous background IgM antibody plaque-forming clell number to specific chemical haptens. Active SLE patients had significantly more plaque-forming cells in their peripheral blood to a total of five chemical determinants than did patients with inactive disease or controls. This increased number of plaque forming-cells correlated with depressed serum C3 levels by Spearman rank-order analysis. The finding of elevated numberof spontaneous IgM plaque-forming cells to defined chemical haptens supports the concept that active SLE demonstrates a generalized increase in B-cell activity toward a variety of antigens.