gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Nuclear Radiation on Selected Semiconductor Devices (1957)

Selected samples of both germanium and silicon devices have been exposed to a nuclear radiation environment. This environment consisted of either a fission-produced gamma spectrum or a combined neutron and gamma spectrum as obtained in the graphite region of the Materials Testing Reactor in Scoville, Idaho. Several parameters of the devices were measured before, during, and after irradiation. Noise and photovoltaic voltages were observed during exposure to a gamma flux of 2×106 Roentgens/ hour (R/hr). In some devices, transient changes occurred in those parameters sensitive to surface conditions. After continued exposure of from 5×105 to 5×108 Roentgens or 5×1010 to 5×1013 neutrons per square cm, permanent damage occurred in the device characteristics. No real distinction could be made between silicon or germanium devices so far as noise, photovoltaic, or transient effects are concerned. However, there is a marked difference between silicon and germanium devices with respect to permanent damage. Silicon devices are more susceptible to damage in parameters dependent upon the minority carrier lifetime such as the current gain, the forward resistance of high efficiency diodes, and the valley voltage of unijunction transistors. Germanium devices are also susceptible to the conversion of n material to p type and this results in the reduction of the punch-through voltage of p-n-p germanium transistors. For both silicon and germanium transistors it was found that the thinner base transistors were the more resistant to reduction in current gain.
Adjustable Comb-Type Pilot Arrangement in Wireless OFDM (2008)

An adaptive pilot-symbol assignment scheme is proposed for interpolation-based channel estimation in wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems. The channel transfer functions of data tones are interpolated by the piecewise-linear and the second-order polynomial methods due to their inherent simplicity. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate both system performance and bandwidth (BW) superiority and to provide a comparative evaluation of the proposed scheme with conventional fixed pilot-symbol channel estimation schemes.
Core Body Temperature is Elevated During Constant Wakefulness in Elderly Poor Sleepers (2000)

In the elderly, elevated core body temperature is associated with increased nocturnal wakefulness suggesting that physiological activation may underlie sleep maintenance insomnia. This was clearly significant when subjects were compared using objective criteria and temperature was collected under constant wakeful conditions.
Hepatotoxicity of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Medications (2018)

Various medications used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases have been implicated to cause hepatotoxicity. These include sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acids, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, thiopurines, methotrexate, anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, and alpha-4 integrin inhibitors. Various types of liver injury have been reported in association with these medications including hypersensitivity reaction, hepatocellular or cholestatic disease, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, portal hypertension and autoimmune liver injury. The revised Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) provides a scoring system to determine the likelihood of whether a drug caused liver injury. Unfortunately some of the reported liver injuries in association with these treatments have not undergone RUCAM assessment. Therefore, although some of the reports used in this review article show an association between a medication and the reported liver injury, they may not necessarily show causation. In this article, we address methods of monitoring to detect these injuries. We also discuss the prognosis and recommended management plans when liver injury occurs.
Synthesis of Sphingosine Analogs with Acyclic Terpenoidal Carbon Skeleton (1982)

A simple and general synthetic method is described for erythro- and threo-forms of 2-amino-1,3-diols with an acyclic terpenoid-type side chain. 13C-NMR data are given for the triacetyl and N-acetyl derivatives of the synthetic erythro- and threo-2-amino-1,3-diols.
Immunization with Rough Mutants of Salmonella minnesota: Initial Studies in Human Subjects (1988)

Vaccines prepared from unheated and boiled, acetone-precipitated Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re chemotype mutant) were administered subcutaneously to 122 healthy volunteers. Titers of antibody to Re lipopolysaccharide, the basal core structure of endotoxin, as measured by indirect hemagglutination, rose in a dose-responsive fashion after immunization. Febrile reactions, usually mild, occurred after 7% of injections with the highest doses (2.0 and 3.0 x 10(10) organisms), and mild local soreness and tenderness were noted after approximately one-third of injections. Passive immunization of mice with sera from immunized subjects demonstrated that protective activity against challenge with both heterologous, viable gram-negative bacilli and endotoxin developed. Although measuring serum protective activity, developing a serological assay that correlates with protective activity, and potential vaccine toxicity remain problems, immunization of humans with the Re mutant results in serum protective activity against endotoxin and viable bacilli and has the potential for clinical usefulness.
Molecular structure and expression of rat bradykinin B2 receptor gene. Evidence for alternative splicing. (1994)

Bradykinin is a potent vasodilatory peptide hormone involved in a broad range of physiological actions.While it acts through at least two types of receptors which are named B1 and B2, most of its effects are mediated via activation of the B2 receptor.The gene for this receptor was isolated from a rat genomic library and shown to span more than 28 kilobases, including four introns.The relative positions of the exons were mapped and all exons, intron-exon boundaries, and 5'-and 3"flanking regions were sequenced.While the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA is distributed on all four exons, the coding and the 3'-untranslated region are located entirely on the fourth exon.Characterization of the region upstream to the transcriptional start site detected by primer extension analysis shows that the bradykinin B2 receptor promoter contains no typical TATA or CCAAT boxes.Nevertheless, the promoter sequence was shown to be functional in NG108-15 cells transfected with a construct bearing 1.1 kilobases of 5'-flanking sequence fused to a luciferase reporter gene.Reverse transcrip tion-polymerase chain reaction analysis detected two different bradykinin B2 receptor mRNAs containing or lacking exon 3 in all rat tissues tested, providing evidence for alternative splicing of the 5'-untranslated sequence.Bradykinin (BK)l is a potent vasoactive nonapeptide generated in blood and tissues by the proteolytic action of kallikrein on the high molecular weight precursors, the kininogens.This member of the kinin family mediates a wide range of physiological actions related to cardiovascular homeostasis, inflammatory and algesic responses, and pain-transmitting mechanisms ( 1-3 ).
Ring Expansion of the Fullerene Core by Highly Regioselective Formation of Diazafulleroids (1995)

Fullerenes with enlarged openings such as diazafulleroid 1 are obtained by twofold addition of azides to C60. Even after cleavage of the two 5–6 bonds and introduction of the imino bridges, the π-electron system of C60 remains intact. Compound 1 contains three seven-membered rings and one eleven-membered ring, and may hold the key to the synthesis of endohedral fullerenes under mild conditions.
Screening of prostate cancer in males with prostatism. (1997)

Comparison of different screening methods including digital rectal examination (DRE) and estimation of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) had been done for detection of cancer prostate at initial stages in 186 patients presenting with prostatism. The detection rate of raised serum PSA (> 4 ng/dl) was found significantly higher than that of abnormal DRE because it could detect cases of prostate cancer at very early stages. On the other hand using abnormal DRE alone as criteria for biopsy, large number of these cases, specially at early stages, would have remained undetected (36.9%) thereby giving false low incidence. Serum PSA was found raised in pre neoplastic conditions (73.9%) like PIN and AAH also, majority of which were missed on DRE (65.2%). Raised serum PSA was found in many benign conditions (36.7%, false positive) also, hence prostatic biopsy is advised to confirm malignancy.
Morphine promotes cancer stem cell properties, contributing to chemoresistance in breast cancer (2015)

Morphine is an opioid analgesic drug commonly used for pain relief in cancer patients. Here, we report that morphine enhances the mammosphere forming capacity and increases the expression of stemness-related transcription factors Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. Treatment with morphine leads to enrichment of a side population fraction in MCF-7 cells and the CD44+/CD24(-/low) population in BT549 cells. Consistently, morphine activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition and promotes metastasis. Moreover, morphine decreases the sensitivity of traditional anti-cancer drugs in breast cancer cells. Nalmefene, an antagonist of morphine, reverses morphine-induced cancer stem cell properties and chemoresistance in breast cancer. In addition, nalmefene abolishes morphine enhancing tumorigenesis in a NOD/SCID mouse model. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that morphine contributes to chemoresistance via expanding the population of cancer stem cells and promotes tumor growth, thereby revealing a novel role of morphine and providing some new guides in clinical use of morphine.
Aharonov-Bohm oscillation of resistance observed in a ferromagnetic Fe-Ni nanoring (2002)

The magnetoresistance of a ferromagnetic Fe–Ni nanoring with 420 nm in inner diameter and 500 nm in outer diameter was measured at very low temperatures below 100 mK. When a magnetic field is applied to the ring, the magnetoresistance exhibits oscillations whose period varies according to the field direction. This demonstrates the Aharonov–Bohm effect of the conduction electrons in the ferromagnetic nanoring. The amplitude of the oscillations can be regarded from the viewpoint of competition between the system size and the phase coherence length of the conduction electrons.
Depression in the Early Stages of Huntington Disease (2011)

Huntington disease (HD) has traditionally been considered a movement disorder, but cognitive and psychiatric symptoms also prominently factor into its clinical presentation. Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disturbances in HD, with its prevalence highest in manifest disease during stage 2, but it is also present during the illness prodrome (the period before manifestation of motor symptoms). Identification and treatment of depression in individuals with the HD mutation is an essential part of clinical management in this population, especially owing to the high risk of suicide. This article summarizes what is currently known about the presentation and treatment of depression in the early stages of HD and provides advice to clinicians treating this population.
Transient Thermal Behavior of a Vertical Solar Storage Tank with a Mantle Heat Exchanger During No-Flow Operation (2009)

Transient thermal behavior of a vertical storage tank of a domestic solar heating system with a mantle heat exchanger has been investigated numerically in the charging mode. It is assumed that the tank is initially filled with uniform cold water. At an instant of time, the hot fluid from collector outlet is uniformly injected in the upper section of the mantle heat exchanger and after heat transfer with the fluid inside the tank, withdrawn from the bottom part of the heat exchanger. The conservation equations in the cylindrical coordinate and in axis-symmetric condition have been used according to the geometry under investigation. Governing equations have been discretized by employing the finite volume method and the SIMPLER algorithm has been used for coupling between momentum and pressure equations. The Low Reynolds Number
Mapping CZT charge transport parameters with collimated X-Ray and gamma-ray beams (2008)

It is desirable to characterize the charge production and transport properties of CZT wafers prior to fabrication into detectors. This allows rejection of undesirable material early in the production cycle as well as acceptance of less-than-perfect material that may be adequate for particular applications. Significant production cost reduction and increased yield will result. We report on the development of techniques to achieve these aims with equipment that may be used in small research groups and companies. Collimators made of high-Z material produce 30-micron to 3-mm pencil beams of X-rays and gamma-rays from radioactive sources and X-ray generators. These are scanned precisely across wafers prepared with simple planar contacts that are read out by a single electrode, the anode in our case. With irradiation on the cathode side, the spatial variation of the signal is mostly due to variations in electron production and transport. Therefore, the position-dependence and bias dependence of the signal’s spectral properties and event rate may be analyzed to determine and map the charge production and electron trapping lifetime, and the 3-D dependence of these parameters. Grain boundaries and other regions of degraded charge production an transport are readily identified. The technique is described in detail, and examples of scanning results are presented.
16x16 macroblock partition size prediction for H.264 P slices (2006)

H.264 uses variable block sizes for macroblock partition. The H.264 encoder allows 2 intra coding modes and 5 inter coding modes for a macroblock in a P slice. This is the most essential part for high compression efficiency but requires many computations to decide the most suitable coding mode. In this paper, we present a fast mode decision algorithm for H.264 P slices. To reduce complexity, we analyze the results of P16times16 ME (motion estimation) of a macroblock according to the proposed decision model, and if this macroblock is considered to be coded with a larger mode, we prevent motion estimations for smaller modes. From statistical analysis, we define a decision model which estimates whether the macroblock partition size is further divided or not. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve 11-63% computational savings without significant degradation of visual quality and increase in bit rate
AutoView (1995)

This presentation is a tutorial on AutoView, an AutoMod extension package that recreates model animation according to a user-defined script. AutoView allows users to restart animation and move back and forth in time and 3-D space. Animation is created using text files generated from an AutoMod simulation model. By creating a user-defined camera description file, animation can take place that allows for panning from one view to another, as well as for attaching the camera to a simulated load or vehicle and traveling with that entity during portions of the animation. The animation is provided at an enhanced response time because it does not have the logical and statistical processes of AutoMod (which can slow animation). This tutorial demonstrates several animation scripts previously constructed with AutoView, discusses the creation of AutoView files from AutoMod, and describes the development of a camera description file.
Relationship between the biosynthesis of virus-like particles and mycophenolic acid in <i>Penicillium stoloniferum</i> and <i>Penicillium brevi-compactum</i> (1973)

Several strains of Penicillium stoloniferum and P. brevi-compactum containing no virus-like particles (VLP) synthesize mycophenolic acid (MA), an antiviral metabolite; one strain of P. stoloniferum producing more than 600 μg VLP/g dry weight mycelia synthesized no detectable MA. However, one strain of P. brevi-compactum produced 5 μg VLP/g dry weight plus MA. Preliminary data suggest that MA may act as an antivirus in controlling fungal virus infection or its replication, or both.
Enabling electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia at ambient conditions through rational catalyst design (2014)

Commercial design of a sustainable route for on-site production of ammonia represents a potential economic and environmental breakthrough. In an analogous process to the naturally occurring enzymatic mechanism, synthesis of ammonia could be achieved in an electrochemical cell, in which electricity would be used to reduce atmospheric nitrogen and water into ammonia at ambient conditions. To date, such a process has not been realized due to slow kinetics and low faradaic efficiencies. Although progress has been made in this regard, at present there exists no device that can produce ammonia efficiently from air and water at room temperature and ambient pressure. In this work, a scheme is presented in which electronic structure calculations are used to screen for catalysts that are stable, active and selective towards N2 electro-reduction to ammonia, while at the same time suppressing the competing H2 evolution reaction. The scheme is applied to transition metal nitride catalysts. The most promising candidates are the (100) facets of the rocksalt structures of VN and ZrN, which show promise of producing ammonia in high yield at low onset potentials.
Three-dimensional topography simulation model: etching and lithography (1990)

An etching model in which topography is derived by solving a modified diffusion equation is introduced. This model is simple and makes it possible to simulate three-dimensional (3-D) topography accurately and quickly. Based on this model, a 3-D topography simulator which can be applied in the development of photolithography and isotropic/anisotropic etching has been developed. With this simulator, it is possible to simulate the series processes and multilayer etching, such as contact hole and trench etching. By simulating photolithography, diffraction and standing-wave effects can be found clearly in the 3-D topography of the developed photoresist. In the case of an etching process which is restricted by diffusion, the dependence of the etch front topography on the window width of the mask is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Inhibit Growth and Angiogenesis in the Day 5 Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (2002)

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that components in mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) cigarette smoke inhibit growth and angiogenesis using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Varying doses of whole or gas-phase MS and SS smoke solutions were placed on day 5 CAMs, and their effects on angiogenesis were evaluated on day 6. All parameters evaluated (CAM area, major blood vessel area, major blood vessel diameter, blood vessel pattern formation, and capillary plexus formation) were inhibited to different degrees in a dose-dependent manner by both MS and SS smoke treatment. Inhibition of growth and vessel development was correlated with inhibition of cell proliferation. Inhibition of capillary plexus formation was caused by failure of mesodermal blood vessels to migrate to the ectoderm. SS smoke solution was more inhibitory than MS smoke solution in all assays, except for capillary plexus formation. In all assays, the toxicants in SS smoke partitioned mainly with the gas phase, whereas those in MS smoke were deduced to be mainly in the particulate phase in the proliferation-dependent assays (CAM area, blood vessel area, blood vessel diameter) and in both the gas and particulate phase in the pattern formation and plexus formation assays. Some of the inhibitory doses of MS and SS smoke solutions had nicotine concentrations within the range found in human smokers. Taken together, these data demonstrate that exposure to complex mixtures of chemicals in MS and SS cigarette smoke adversely affect growth, vessel development, vessel migration, and cell proliferation.
Totally Fucked (2014)

Other| November 01 2014 Totally Fucked Philip Jason Philip Jason Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google the minnesota review (2014) 2014 (83): 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1215/00265667-2781428 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Philip Jason; Totally Fucked. the minnesota review 1 November 2014; 2014 (83): 4–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00265667-2781428 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll Journalsthe minnesota review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © 2014 Philip Jason2014 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Creative You do not currently have access to this content.
Optimal Testing for Crowd Workers (2016)

Requesters on crowdsourcing platforms, such as Amazon Mechanical Turk, routinely insert gold questions to verify that a worker is diligent and is providing high-quality answers. However, there is no clear understanding of when and how many gold questions to insert. Typically, requesters mix a flat 10-30% of gold questions into the task stream of every worker. This static policy is arbitrary and wastes valuable budget --- the exact percentage is often chosen with little experimentation, and, more importantly, it does not adapt to individual workers, the current mixture of spamming vs. diligent workers, or the number of tasks workers perform before quitting.We formulate the problem of balancing between (1) testing workers to determine their accuracy and (2) actually getting work performed as a partially-observable Markov decision process (POMDP) and apply reinforcement learning to dynamically calculate the best policy. Evaluations on both synthetic data and with real Mechanical Turk workers show that our agent learns adaptive testing policies that produce up to 111% more reward than the non-adaptive policies used by most requesters. Furthermore, our method is fully automated, easy to apply, and runs mostly out of the box.
PAULINO AYUSO, José, La obra dramática de Buero Vallejo: compromiso y sistema, Fundamentos-RESAD, Madrid, 2009, 168 pp. (2012)

In conclusion, PFKFB3 could be overexpressed by hyperglycemia and might be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer complicated with diabetes.
Prospects for gene therapy of haemophilia (2004)

That gene therapy offers the promise of a cure for haemophilia was apparent more than a decade ago. After years of failure, substantial progress in the efficiency of gene transfer technology has recently resulted in impressive success in animal models with haemophilia. However, fears of the risks intrinsic to such therapy have been raised by the fate of two children cured of immune deficiency by gene transfer who have, however, subsequently developed leukaemia as a result of insertional mutagenesis. The purpose of this review is to outline the current status of gene therapy in light of recent successes and tragedies and to consider the prospects for curing haemophilia in the short-to-medium term.