gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Through-barrier electromagnetic imaging with an atomic magnetometer (2017)

We demonstrate the penetration of thick metallic and ferromagnetic barriers for imaging of conductive targets underneath. Our system is based on an <sup>85</sup>Rb radio-frequency atomic magnetometer operating in electromagnetic induction imaging modality in an unshielded environment. Detrimental effects, including unpredictable magnetic signatures from ferromagnetic screens and variations in the magnetic background, are automatically compensated by active compensation coils controlled by servo loops. We exploit the tunability and low-frequency sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer to directly image multiple conductive targets concealed by a 2.5 mm ferromagnetic steel shield and/or a 2.0 mm aluminium shield, in a single scan. The performance of the atomic magnetometer allows imaging without any prior knowledge of the barriers or the targets, and without the need of background subtraction. A dedicated edge detection algorithm allows automatic estimation of the targets' size within 3.3 mm and of their position within 2.4 mm. Our results prove the feasibility of a compact, sensitive and automated sensing platform for imaging of concealed objects in a range of applications, from security screening to search and rescue.
Sensing-Throughput Tradeoff for Cognitive Radio Networks (2007)

In cognitive radio networks, the secondary network (users) are allowed to utilize the frequency bands of primary network (users) when they are not currently being used. To support this function, the secondary users are required to sense the radio frequency environment, and once the primary user is found to be active, the secondary users have to vacate the channel within certain amount of time. There are two parameters related to channel sensing: probability of detection and probability of false alarm. The higher the detection probability, the better the primary users can be protected. However, from the secondary users' perspective, the lower the false alarm probability, the more chances the channel can be reused, thus the higher the achievable throughput for the secondary users. In this paper, we study the fundamental tradeoff between sensing capability and achievable throughput of the secondary users. Particularly, we study the design of sensing slot duration to maximize the achievable throughput for the secondary users under the constraint that the primary users are sufficiently protected. Using energy detection scheme, we prove that there indeed exists an optimal sensing time which provides the best tradeoff. Cooperative sensing is also studied based on the methodology of the proposed sensing-throughput tradeoff. Computer simulations are presented to evaluate the proposed tradeoff methodology.
Regioselective synthesis of isoquinuclidin-6-ones. Synthesis of an ibogamine intermediate (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselective synthesis of isoquinuclidin-6-ones. Synthesis of an ibogamine intermediateGrant R. Krow, Donald A. Shaw, Barton Lynch, Walden Lester, Steven W. Szczepanski, Ramesh Raghavachari, and Andrew E. DeromeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 10, 2258–2262Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00245a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00245a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Potential pozzolanicity of Algerian calcined bentonite used as cement replacement: optimisation of calcination temperature and effect on strength of self-compacting mortars (2020)

The effect of using calcined bentonite (CB) as a partial replacement for Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in self-compacting mortar (SCM) is investigated. The pozzolanicity of this calcined clay is evaluated using the strength activity index and TG/ATD analysis. The cement in SCM has been replaced with CB at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% by mass of cement. The effect of CB on fresh SCM properties is examined using mini-slump flow and V-funnel flow time. The compressive strength is determined at the age of 3, 7 and 28 days, and the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), hardened density and water absorption are determined at the age of 28 days. The behaviour of SCM exposed to high temperature is also studied. The results indicate that CB significantly decreased the flowability of SCM, but these results are good enough for SCM and SCC production. Incorporating 10 and 15% of CB improves the compressive strength and UPV. Water absorption tends to increase slightly with an increase in CB content and there is a decrease in density as the amount of CB increases. SCM containing CB is stronger when exposed to high temperature than those exposed to normal temperature (23 °C).
Security Technology for Smart Grid Networks (2010)

There is virtually universal agreement that it is necessary to upgrade the electric grid to increase overall system efficiency and reliability. Much of the technology currently in use by the grid is outdated and in many cases unreliable. There have been three major blackouts in the past ten years. The reliance on old technology leads to inefficient systems, costing unnecessary money to the utilities, consumers, and taxpayers. To upgrade the grid, and to operate an improved grid, will require significant dependence on distributed intelligence and broadband communication capabilities. The access and communications capabilities require the latest in proven security technology for extremely large, wide-area communications networks. This paper discusses key security technologies for a smart grid system, including public key infrastructures and trusted computing.
Mechanical design of the Wheel-Leg hybrid mobile robot to realize a large wheel diameter (2010)

In this paper, a new category of the wheel-leg hybrid robot is presented. The proposed mechanism can compose large wheel diameter compared with the previous hybrid robot to realize a greater ability to climb obstacles. A prototype model of one Wheel-Leg module of the proposed robot mechanism has been developed to illustrate the concept. Actual design and mode changing experiment with a test mechanical module is also presented. Basic movement tests and a test of the basic properties of the rotational fingertip are also shown. The Basic configurations of wheel-leg retractable is considered well. The integrated mode is also described.
Reduction of carbonyl compounds via hydrosilylation. 3. Asymmetric reduction of keto esters via hydrosilylation catalyzed by a rhodium complex with chiral phosphine ligands (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of carbonyl compounds via hydrosilylation. 3. Asymmetric reduction of keto esters via hydrosilylation catalyzed by a rhodium complex with chiral phosphine ligandsIwao Ojima, Tetsuo Kogure, and Miyoko KumagaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 10, 1671–1679Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00430a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00430a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Unsupervised learning of an atlas from unlabeled point-sets (2004)

One of the key challenges in deformable shape modeling is the problem of estimating a meaningful average or mean shape from a set of unlabeled shapes. We present a new joint clustering and matching algorithm that is capable of computing such a mean shape from multiple shape samples which are represented by unlabeled point-sets. An iterative bootstrap process is used wherein multiple shape sample point-sets are nonrigidly deformed to the emerging mean shape, with subsequent estimation of the mean shape based on these nonrigid alignments. The process is entirely symmetric with no bias toward any of the original shape sample point-sets. We believe that this method can be especially useful for creating atlases of various shapes present in medical images. We have applied the method to create mean shapes from nine hand-segmented 2D corpus callosum data sets and 10 hippocampal 3D point-sets.
<i>GL3</i> Encodes a bHLH Protein That Regulates Trichome Development in Arabidopsis Through Interaction With GL1 and TTG1 (2000)

Arabidopsis trichome development and differentiation is a well-studied model for plant cell-fate determination and morphogenesis. Mutations in TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) result in several pleiotropic defects including an almost complete lack of trichomes. The complex phenotype caused by ttg1 mutations is suppressed by ectopic expression of the maize anthocyanin regulator R. Here it is demonstrated that the Arabidopsis trichome development locus GLABRA3 (GL3) encodes an R homolog. GL3 and GLABRA1 (GL1) interact when overexpressed together in plants. Yeast two-hybrid assays indicate that GL3 participates in physical interactions with GL1, TTG1, and itself, but that GL1 and TTG1 do not interact. These data suggest a reiterated combinatorial model for the differential regulation of such diverse developmental pathways as trichome cell-fate determination, root hair spacing, and anthocyanin secondary metabolism.
Approaches to specification-based testing (1989)

Current software testing practices focus, almost exclusively, on the implementation, despite widely acknowledged benefits of testing based on software specifications. We propose approaches to specification-based testing by extending a wide variety of implementation-based testing techniques to be applicable to formal specification languages. We demonstrate these approaches for the Anna and Larch specification languages.
Characterization of carbonate apatite derived from chicken bone and its in-vitro evaluation using MC3T3-E1 cells (2021)

Abstract Chicken bone by-product has the potential to be utilized as a source of carbonate apatite (CO 3 Ap) for the preparation of bone grafts. In this study, the raw bones were cleaned with NaCl and then immersed in NaOH solution at 80 °C. After chemical treatment, the as-prepared powder was calcined in a range of 300 °C–900 °C. The results showed that calcination was useful for the complete elimination of organic residues; but, it led to increasing of crystal size, coarsening of particles, and the loss of the carbonate groups in the apatite structure. In vitro evaluation showed that CO 3 Ap prepared at the optimum temperature, 500 °C, exhibited a great biological response; such as good cell attachment, cell viability, and cell morphology. This research suggests a promising biomaterial for the fabrication of bone substitutes and could offer a solution for recycling and adding value to food waste.
UML-based Approach for the Re-Engineering of PLC Programs (2006)

Re-engineering and reuse of programs implemented on programmable logic controllers (PLCs) became vital in the recent years. This is because the programming of PLC programs is an exhaustive and expensive activity. This paper outlines a re-engineering approach based on the formalization of PLC programs. The approach utilizes XML as an intermediate step for the transformation of the existing PLC programs into a vendor independent format. After this transformation XML is used as a basis for the visualization and formalization of the PLC code. The formalization consists of two main steps: first the modular structure of the program is transferred to an UML class diagram and in the second step the algorithms contained in the modules are converted to state diagrams. This conversion uses an abstraction method to avoid large automata
The Progress of Copolyanhydrides in Sustained and Controlled Drug Release System (2006)

In this paper are reviewed the researches of copolyanhydrides,including their preparation,structure and properties,pharmecautical artwork,applications in sustained and controlled release system.The future applications of these copolymer materials are also prospected.
Microstructure‐property relationships in silicate‐matrix composites (1993)

SUMMARY Electron microscopy and associated analytical spectroscopic techniques have been used to characterize interfaces in SiC‐fibre/silicate‐matrix composites. Interface structure, formed via reaction during hot‐press fabrication, is a function of time, temperature, matrix composition and fibre type. Interfaces with Nicalon or Tyranno fibres vary from amorphous carbon in fine precipitated form to continuous graphitic layers. Interface behaviour in a stressed composite, and hence the matrix microcracking stress, is a sensitive function of microstructure. Interface debond and shear properties have been assessed using indent‐based ‘push‐down’ and ‘push‐through’ tests using a specially developed instrument within a scanning electron microscope. This uses piezoload measurement and translation, and is capable of dynamic image recording of the indentation sequence. Interface micromechanical (indent) measurements have been correlated with structure and macromechanical response in bend testing for a range of fibre/matrix types, processing and post‐processing thermal treatments. An example is also given of interfaces prepared by fibre precoating.
Synthesis and properties of multiblock copolymers based on polyoxyethylene and polyamides by diisocyanate method (1990)

Abstract Polyoxyethylene–polyamide multiblock copolymers were successfully synthesized from α, ω‐polyoxyethylene–dicarboxylic acid (POE–diacid), a mixture of two dicarbroxylic acids, and an aromatic discocynate by two synthetic routes, i.e., one‐step and two‐step method. In the two‐step method, α, ω‐diisocyanate‐terminated polyamide oligomers, preformed from a mixture of isophthalic acid (IPA) and azelaic acid (AZA) with 4,4′‐methylenedi (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), were reacted with POE–diacid to form multiblock copolymers. In the one‐step method, the reaction components, MDI, IPA, AZA, and POE diacid, were reacted all together. These polymerizations were carried out in the presence of 3‐methyl‐1phenyl‐2‐phospholene 1‐oxide as a catalyst in tetramethylene sulfone, giving multiblock copolymers with inherent viscosities of 0.5–1.1 dL/g. They were soluble in amide‐type solvents, and transparent, ductile, and elastomeric films could be cast from their N,N ‐dimethylacetamide solutions. The tensile strength and modulus of the films thus prepared decreased with an increase in the polyoxyethylene content, whereas the elongation at break increased. The tensile strength/elongation at break/tensile modulus of the multiblock copolymer films ranged from 47 MPa/160%/1.1 GPa to 15 MPa/880%/12 MPa.
Nephritogenic mAb 5-1-6 is directed at the extracellular domain of rat nephrin (1999)

mAb 5-1-6 identifies an antigen on rat podocyte slit-diaphragms and induces severe proteinuria when injected into rats. Nephrin, an Ig-like transmembrane protein that is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type, has been localized to the slit-diaphragm on human podocytes. Here we document that the mAb 5-1-6 antigen is rat nephrin. After incubation of rat glomeruli with this mAb, the antibody/antigen complex was chemically cross-linked, extracted, and immunoprecipitated, prior to Western analysis. By mass spectrometry and 2D gel electrophoresis, we identified several peptides with complete identity to human nephrin. In addition, the 185-kDa protein immunoprecipitated by mAb 5-1-6 from rat glomerular extracts reacts with a rabbit anti-mouse nephrin antibody. Finally, nephrin and the mAb 5-1-6 antigen have identical glomerular localization patterns on immunofluorescence of rat kidney. These results demonstrate that the nephritogenic mAb 5-1-6 identifies the extracellular domain of nephrin, thereby documenting the importance of the slit-diaphragm and its component, nephrin, in the regulation of glomerular permselectivity.
Pointing control for the SPIDER balloon-borne telescope (2014)

We present the technology and control methods developed for the pointing system of the Spider experiment. Spider is a balloon-borne polarimeter designed to detect the imprint of primordial gravitational waves in the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation. We describe the two main components of the telescope’s azimuth drive: the reaction wheel and the motorized pivot. A 13 kHz PI control loop runs on a digital signal processor, with feedback from fibre optic rate gyroscopes. This system can control azimuthal speed with < 0.02 deg/s RMS error. To control elevation, Spider uses stepper-motor-driven linear actuators to rotate the cryostat, which houses the optical instruments, relative to the outer frame. With the velocity in each axis controlled in this way, higher-level control loops on the onboard flight computers can implement the pointing and scanning observation modes required for the experiment. We have accomplished the non-trivial task of scanning a 5000 lb payload sinusoidally in azimuth at a peak acceleration of 0.8 deg/s<sup>2</sup>, and a peak speed of 6 deg/s. We can do so while reliably achieving sub-arcminute pointing control accuracy.
Investimento externo direto chinês no Brasil: motivações, desafios e perspectivas (2013)

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi estabelecido como identificar motivações apresentadas por empresas chinesas que realizam investimentos externos diretos no Brasil, bem como os desafios encontrados nesse processo e suas perspectivas futuras. Depois de uma revisão bibliográfica estruturada a partir dos temas do investimento externo direto e dos investimentos chineses na América Latina e no Brasil, conduziu-se um estudo empírico de base qualitativa a partir da consulta a informantes-chaves, abordagem metodológica que vem sendo utilizada em estudos de negócios internacionais que enfoquem a China ou que contem com gestores e/ou gerentes chineses como respondentes. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados envolveram entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas pessoalmente e por telefone, além de questionários contendo perguntas abertas, enquanto o tratamento dos dados seguiu o protocolo da análise de conteúdo clássica. Os resultados da etapa empírica da pesquisa ressaltam aspectos culturais e políticos que perpassam decisões estratégicas empresariais.
Multimedia Systems, Standards, and Networks (2000)

Keywords: LTS1 Reference LTS-CHAPTER-2000-001 Record created on 2006-10-27, modified on 2017-05-10
18:3: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : Polarization Independent Liquid Crystal Microdisplays (2008)

Abstract We demonstrate a polarization‐independent, diffractive, liquid crystal microdisplay on a reflective 256×256 pixel silicon backplane using nematic liquid crystal polarization gratings. Striking results are observed in a single‐panel projector with remarkably simple optics, where the technology supports up to ∼75% throughput (reflectance) of unpolarized light, contrast ratios approaching 1000:1, and < 800 μs total switching time.
Time−Temperature Superposition for Viscoelastic Properties of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films (2005)

Shear moduli were determined for chemically polymerized and solvent cast regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) films, using thickness shear mode acoustic wave resonators. The results are strikingly different to those for electropolymerized regiorandom poly(3-hexylthiophene) films. The time scale of the measurement was varied directly by use of higher harmonics of the acoustic wave resonator and indirectly via temperature. The significant variations in shear modulus with effective time scale can be "normalized"onto a stress master relaxation curve by using the concept of time-temperature superposition; this is the first time this has been demonstrated for electroactive films. The shift factors required to effect this normalization do not follow the classical Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation developed for long-range backbone motions of bulk polymers. Instead, they follow an Arrhenius-like behavior, commonly used to describe secondary motions of polymer side-chains. The activation enthalpy associated with this is independent of applied potential, is the same as for as cast (undoped) films, and is similar to that for rotation about a carbon-carbon single bond. These all point to the hexyl side-chains as the origins of the observed phenomena, consistent with the "melting point" separating two temperature-dependent phases and with the different molecular packing arrangements that would necessarily apply to regioregular and regiorandom materials.
New method for hydroxylating long‐chain unsaturated fatty acids, esters, alcohols, and hydrocarbons (1954)

Summary A new method for hydroxylating long‐chain unsaturated compounds is described which involves addition of formic acid at its boiling point to the double bond followed by hydrolysis of the intermediate formate esters. The addition reaction proceeds slowly in the absence of catalysts, but strongly acidic substances, such as perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, and boron fluoride‐acetic acid complex, speed up the addition tremendously. Monohydroxystearic acids can be prepared in good yield by addition of 90–100% formic acid to the double bond of oleic or elaidic acids, methyl oleate, or the unreacted olefinic material separated from the hydrolyzed reaction product of oleic acid with formic acid, followed by hydrolysis. Similarly prepared are dihydroxyoctadecanes from oleyl alcohol, monohydroxyoctadecenoic and dihydroxystearic acids from linoleic acid, monohydroxyhendecanoic acids (isolated as methyl esters) from 10‐hendecenoic (undecylenic) acid, and secondary hexanols from 1‐hexene. Triglycerides are readily formylated if a small amount of mutual cosolvent is employed. Acetic acid in the presence of acidic catalysts also adds to the double bond at its normal boiling point, but yields are lower than with formic acid.