gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low doses of IL-4 injected perilymphatically in tumor-bearing mice inhibit the growth of poorly and apparently nonimmunogenic tumors and induce a tumor-specific immune memory. (1990)

The ability of rIL-4 to trigger host reactivity against both a chemically induced fibrosarcoma (CE-2) and a spontaneous adenocarcinoma (TS/A) of BALB/c mice was studied. Daily local s.c. administration around tumor draining lymph nodes of 10 injections of progressive amounts (0.00001 to 1000 pg/day) of rIL-4 induced appreciable inhibition of the growth of both tumors after a dose-response survival curve peaking at 0.1 pg/day. Inasmuch as rIL-4 has no direct antitumor activity, as shown by in vitro tests, host immune reactivity plays a fundamental role in this lymphokine activated tumor inhibition (LATI). LATI, in fact, is abolished when recipient mice are sublethally irradiated or treated with cyclosporin A, or when the reactivity of CD4+ lymphocytes is suppressed, whereas it is not affected by anti-asialo GM1 antibody. The morphologic data show that rIL-4 LATI rests on the recruitment of several cell reaction mechanisms, among which those that are nonspecific seem to predominate. rIL-4 LATI also leads to a state of long lasting and specific immune memory: the growth of a second contralateral tumor challenge is significantly impaired after LATI. This immune memory takes place after LATI of both the poorly immunogenic CE-2 fibrosarcoma and the TS/A adenocarcinoma, previously classed as nonimmunogenic on the basis of immunization-protection tests. In the latter case, adoptive transfer experiments show that Thy-1+ lymphocytes and, in particular, the CD4 cell-depleted T lymphocyte subpopulation, are responsible for the immune memory. Finally, the ability of rIL-4 to trigger LATI is greater than that of the most effective doses of rIL-2, rIL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma, whereas its association with rIL-1 beta induces a more effective immune memory.
Keap1 regulates both cytoplasmic‐nuclear shuttling and degradation of Nrf2 in response to electrophiles (2003)

Our results highlight the fact that Nrf2 protein turnover is regulated by Keap1 mediated subcellular compartmentalization.
Thermocapillary flow excited by focused nanosecond laser pulses in contaminated thin liquid iron films (1995)

A new method is established to determine surface tension and mechanisms of evaporation of liquid metals in a wide range of high temperatures. It is based on a combination of high-speed transmission electron microscopy imaging of flow in nanosecond laser pulse molten films and computer simulation. The technique was applied to iron films with native oxides to investigate the effects of surface active impurities in a melt with transient temperatures and gradients up to 4000 K and 5×108 K/m, respectively. Such melts show a shear flow with direction changing once or twice during 1–2 μs after a 20 ns laser pulse, which cannot be simulated using table values for the temperature coefficient of the surface tension and the vapor pressure. Instead, evaporation is negligible, and the flow of the liquid is mainly driven by a fast changing gradient of the surface tension caused by a time-varying distribution of temperature and dissolved surface active oxygen atoms. Current site coverage models, giving the surface tension as function of temperature and impurity content for static liquids, successfully can be applied to liquids moving on the nanosecond/micrometer scale, too. However, the number of active surface sites can be vastly reduced by short-lived oxide covers, e.g., in iron with native oxides down to 3.5% of the total number of surface sites.
High-Density Lipoprotein and 4F Peptide Reduce Systemic Inflammation by Modulating Intestinal Oxidized Lipid Metabolism (2012)

Oxidized phospholipids are found in the vasculature of animal models of atherosclerosis, in human atherosclerotic lesions, and in other inflammatory diseases. Oxidized phospholipids cause vascular and nonvascular cells to initiate an inflammatory reaction. Metabolites of arachidonic acid, such as 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, can mimic some of the inflammatory properties of oxidized phospholipids. In vitro and in vivo normal high-density lipoprotein (HDL), normal apolipoprotein A-I, and apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides, each likely acting in a different manner, prevent the inflammatory reaction characteristic of atherosclerosis, and this is associated with decreased levels of oxidized lipids in tissues and cells. HDL from animal models of atherosclerosis or from humans with atherosclerosis or from humans or animals with other chronic inflammatory diseases does not prevent the inflammatory reaction characteristic of atherosclerosis and may even enhance the inflammatory reaction. In mice and perhaps humans, ≈30% of the steady-state plasma HDL-cholesterol pool is derived from the small intestine. The metabolism of phospholipids by gut bacteria has been recently implicated in atherosclerosis in both mice and humans. Studies with apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides suggest that the small intestine is a major tissue regulating systemic inflammation in mouse models of atherosclerosis and may be important for determining the functionality of HDL.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Sulfinate Esters and Sulfoxides. Synthesis of Sulforaphane. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A homogenized energy framework for ferromagnetic hysteresis (2006)

In this paper, we develop a macroscopic framework quantifying the hysteresis and constitutive nonlinearities inherent to ferromagnetic materials. In the first step of the development, we construct Helmholtz and Gibbs energy relations at the mesoscopic or lattice level based on the assumption that magnetic moments or spins are restricted to two orientations. Direct minimization of the Gibbs energy yields local average magnetization relations appropriate for operating regimes in which relaxation mechanisms are negligible whereas the balance of the Gibbs and relative thermal energies through Boltzmann principles provides local models which incorporate mechanisms such as thermal after-effects. To construct macroscopic relations that incorporate material nonhomogeneities, polycrystallinity, and variable effective fields, we employ stochastic homogenization techniques based on the assumption that parameters such as local coercive and interaction fields are manifestations of underlying distributions. The resulting framework quantifies in a natural manner the anhysteretic magnetization provided by decaying ac fields and guarantees the closure of biased minor loops once transient accommodation and after-effects are complete. Furthermore, noncongruency at differing magnetization levels is achieved with certain choices for the energy functionals. Hence, the framework provides an energy basis for certain extended Preisach models and the relation of the framework to several macroscopic hysteresis models is detailed. The behavior of both the nonlinear anhysteretic relations and full hysteresis model are validated through comparison with steel and nickel data.
<scp>d</scp> - and <scp>l</scp> -Isoleucine Metabolism and Regulation of Their Pathways in <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> (1974)

Pseudomonas putida oxidized isoleucine to acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and propionyl-CoA by a pathway which involved deamination of d-isoleucine by oxidation and l-isoleucine by transamination, oxidative decarboxylation, and beta oxidation at the ethyl side chain. At least three separate inductive events were required to form all of the enzymes of the pathway: d-amino acid dehydrogenase was induced during growth in the presence of d-isoleucine; branched-chain keto dehydrogenase was induced during growth on 2-keto-3-methylvalerate and enzymes specific for isoleucine metabolism; tiglyl-CoA hydrase and 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase were induced by growth on isoleucine, 2-keto-3-methylvalerate, 2-methylbutyrate, or tiglate. Tiglyl-CoA hydrase and 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase were purified simultaneously by several enzyme concentration procedures, but were separated by isoelectric focusing. Isoelectric points, pH optima, substrate specificity, and requirements for enzyme action were determined for both enzymes. Evidence was obtained that the dehydrogenase catalyzed the oxidation of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA. 2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzed the oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, but l-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig heart did not catalyze the oxidation of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA; therefore, they appeared to be different dehydrogenases. Furthermore, growth on tiglate resulted in the induction of tiglyl-CoA hydrase and 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, but these two enzymes were not induced during growth on crotonate or 3-hydroxybutyrate.
Extracting Building Footprints from Satellite Images using Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Extracting building footprints from high resolution satellite (HRS) imagery has been an extremely important topic of research in the field of remote sensing. The problem of extracting building footprints is challenging due to a high variation of building shapes, sizes and appearances. This paper presents an approach for extracting and detecting building footprints from satellite images. The proposed technique is capable of extracting buildings having different shapes, sizes and textures. We use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture which gives pixel-wise predictions. Due to a large variation in the satellite images, we pre-process the images before passing them to the network. Finally, we apply some post-processing algorithms to regularize the extracted building footprints and also remove some false-positives. The experiments were performed on a set of high resolution satellite images from Bing. The performance of the developed technique was assessed by comparing the results of prediction with the manually created reference data by using metrics like Precision, Recall and F1-Score. Pixel based and Object based evaluations of the test images with diverse characteristics produced an overall precision of 84.7% and 99% respectively.
Synthesis and Characterization of Isomeric Methylphenylisoxazole-4-carboxylic Acids (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of Isomeric Methylphenylisoxazole-4-carboxylic AcidsAllan A. Hydorn, Francis A. McGinn, James R. Moetz, and Joseph SchwartzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 12, 4305–4309Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01059a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01059a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting Rho GTPase Signaling for Cancer Therapy (2012)

Accumulating evidence from basic and clinical studies supports the concept that signaling pathways downstream of Rho GTPases play important roles in tumor development and progression. As a result, there has been considerable interest in the possibility that specific proteins in these signal transduction pathways could be potential targets for cancer therapy. A number of inhibitors targeting critical effector proteins, activators or the Rho GTPases themselves, have been developed. We will review the strategies currently being used to develop inhibitors of Rho GTPases and downstream signaling kinases and discuss candidate entities. Although molecularly targeted drugs that inhibit Rho GTPase signaling have not yet been widely adopted for clinical use, their potential value as cancer therapeutics continues to drive considerable pharmaceutical research and development.
Expression of receptors for putative anabolic growth factors in human intervertebral disc: implications for repair and regeneration of the disc (2005)

Low back pain (LBP) is a common, debilitating and economically important disorder. Current evidence implicates loss of intervertebral disc (IVD) matrix consequent upon 'degeneration' as a major cause of LBP. Degeneration of the IVD involves increases in degradative enzymes and decreases in the extracellular matrix (ECM) component in a process that is controlled by a range of cytokines and growth factors. Studies have suggested using anabolic growth factors to regenerate the normal matrix of the IVD, hence restoring disc height and reversing degenerative disc disease. However, for such therapies to be successful it is vital that the target cells (i.e. the disc cells) express the appropriate receptors. This immunohistochemical study has for the first time investigated the expression and localization of four potentially beneficial growth factor receptors (i.e. TGFbetaRII, BMPRII, FGFR3 and IGFRI) in non-degenerate and degenerate human IVDs. Receptor expression was quantified across regions of the normal and degenerate disc and showed that cells of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and inner annulus fibrosus (IAF) expressed significantly higher levels of the four growth factor receptors investigated. There were no significant differences between the four growth factor expression in non-degenerate and degenerate biopsies. However, expression of TGFbetaRII, FGFR3 and IGFRI, but not BMP RII, were observed in the ingrowing blood vessels that characterize part of the disease aetiology. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the expression of the four growth factor receptors at similar levels in the chondrocyte-like cells of the NP and IAF in both non-degenerate and degenerate discs, implicating a role in normal disc homeostasis and suggesting that the application of these growth factors to the degenerate human IVD would stimulate matrix production. However, the expression of some of the growth factor receptors on ingrowing blood vessels might be problematic in a therapeutic approach.
Inhibitory effect of silibinin on hepatitis B virus entry (2018)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health problem because of its potential to cause liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Silibinin is a constituent of an extract of milk thistle, which is empirically used as a herbal medicine for the protection of liver, but its detailed effects on HBV are unknown. Because a previous study reported that silibinin hinders clathlin-mediated endocytosis (CME), we aimed to test whether silibinin inhibits the entry of HBV into hepatocytes. Using HepG2-NTCP-C4 cells, which overexpress sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), it was shown that silibinin inhibited HBV infection dose-dependently. Similar effects were observed using human primary hepatocytes (PXB-cells). Additionally, a combination of silibinin and entecavir reduced HBV DNA in the culture supernatant more than either mono-treatment alone in HepG2-NTCP-C4 cells that had already been infected with HBV. Silibinin decreased transferrin uptake but did not affect the interaction between the HBV envelope and NTCP, suggesting that silibinin might inhibit HBV infection by hindering CME. In conclusion, this study showed that silibinin inhibits HBV entry in vitro.
Robust range estimation using acoustic and multimodal sensing (2002)

Many applications of robotics and embedded sensor technology can benefit from fine-grained localization. Fine-grained localization can simplify multi-robot collaboration, enable energy efficient multi-hop routing for low-power radio networks, and enable automatic calibration of distributed sensing systems. We focus on range estimation, a critical prerequisite for fine-grained localization. While many mechanisms for range estimation exist, any individual mode of sensing can be blocked or confused by the environment. We present and analyze an acoustic ranging system that performs well in the presence of many types of interference, but can return incorrect measurements in non-line-of-sight conditions. We then suggest how evidence from an orthogonal sensory channel might be used to detect and eliminate these measurements. The work illustrates the more general research theme of combining multiple modalities to obtain robust results.
Correlated Calcium Uptake and Release by Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum of CA3 Hippocampal Dendrites after Afferent Synaptic Stimulation (2002)

Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are important modulators of intracellular calcium signaling pathways, but the role of these organelles in shaping synaptic calcium transients in dendrites of pyramidal neurons remains speculative. We have measured directly the concentrations of total Ca (bound plus free) within intracellular compartments of proximal dendrites of CA3 hippocampal neurons at times after synaptic stimulation corresponding to the peak of the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ transient (1 sec), to just after its decay (30 sec), and to well after its return to prestimulus levels (180 sec). Electron probe microanalysis of cryosections from rapidly frozen slice cultures has revealed that afferent mossy fiber stimulation evokes large, rapid elevations in the concentration of total mitochondrial Ca ([Ca](mito)) in depolarized dendrites. A single tetanus (50 Hz/1 sec) elevated [Ca](mito) more than fivefold above characteristically low basal levels within 1 sec of stimulation and >10-fold by 30 sec after stimulation. This strong Ca accumulation was reversible, because [Ca](mito) had recovered by 180 sec after the tetanus. Ca sequestered within mitochondria was localized to small inclusions that were distributed heterogeneously within, and probably among, individual mitochondria. By 30 sec after stimulation an active subpopulation of ER cisterns had accumulated more Ca than had mitochondria despite a approximately 1 sec delay before the onset of accumulation. Active ER cisterns retained their Ca load much longer (>3 min) than mitochondria. The complementary time courses of mitochondrial versus ER Ca2+ uptake and release suggest that these organelles participate in a choreographed interplay, each shaping dendritic Ca2+ signals within characteristic regimes of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and time.
Photo-controllable aptamer (2009)

We have successfully developed a new method for photoregulation of G-quadruplex formation using cis-trans photoisomerization of the photochromic nucleobase (8FV)G. Our photo-controllable quadruplexes can be switched between a very stable quadruplex state and a non-structured state in a straightforward and reversible fashion. We also demonstrated reversibly control binding of a G-quadruplex aptamer to thrombin.
Explicit factor models for explainable recommendation based on phrase-level sentiment analysis (2014)

Collaborative Filtering(CF)-based recommendation algorithms, such as Latent Factor Models (LFM), work well in terms of prediction accuracy. However, the latent features make it difficulty to explain the recommendation results to the users. Fortunately, with the continuous growth of online user reviews, the information available for training a recommender system is no longer limited to just numerical star ratings or user/item features. By extracting explicit user opinions about various aspects of a product from the reviews, it is possible to learn more details about what aspects a user cares, which further sheds light on the possibility to make explainable recommendations.
Quantitative assessment of beat-to-beat variability in ambulatory ECG recordings (1992)

We present a novel method for quantitative analysis of the dynamicity of ventricular repolarization In ambulatory patients. This CAVIAR based method very precisely measures beat-to-beat morphology and time-interval changes.
The flow characteristics of borophosphosilicate (TEOS based) glass (2002)

The authors examine the role of boron and phosphorus concentrations in the flow characteristics of borophosphosilicate (TEOS based) glass. The glass was deposited using TEOS (tetraethylorthosilicate), phosphine and TMB (trimethylborate), as precursors. Previous studies on the flow characteristics have relied on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) work to study the flow. In this work, however, the authors present a quantitative study of flow as measured using electrical flow testers which measured the metal resistance ratios over topography to those over flat for polysilicon spacings from 0.4 mu to 4.0 mu . They have studied the effect of boron and phosphorus concentrations in the regime of 3.5%-4.4% as measured using FTIR. It is found that the boron concentration is more dominant in determining the flow characteristics than the phosphorus concentrations. Further, it has also been found that the duration of the flow especially at the lower concentrations of boron (<4.0%) is important in determining the glass flow. SEM work is also presented in this study to augment the electrical data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single‐Cell High‐Throughput Screening To Identify Enantioselective Hydrolytic Enzymes (2008)

Getting a look in: A high-throughput screening method has been developed for the identification and isolation of enantioselective hydrolases displayed on cell surfaces (see scheme; E: Esterase, P: Peroxidase). Enantiomeric substrates labeled with two different fluorescent dyes allow real-time analysis of enantioselectivity by determination of the ratio of green and red single-cell fluorescence. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.