gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on Co-Crystallization of LCZ696 Using In Situ ATR-FTIR and Imaging (2020)

In situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and imaging and image analysis were applied to the study of the multicomponent co-crystallization process involving S-valsartan and sacubitril in which LCZ696 crystals were formed. LCZ696 is a combination drug for use in heart failure that was approved by the FDA in 2015 following development by Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Though much work was reported on LCZ696 about its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in the evaluation and clinical testing, less attention was paid to study on the co-crystallization process. LCZ696 crystals have shown difficulties in filtration mainly due to the small particle size. In this work, LCZ696 crystals were prepared successfully by S-valsartan and sacubitril, and characterized by SEM, XRPD, TG-DSC and ATR-FTIR. ATR-FTIR and imaging and image analysis were used to monitoring solution concentration and investigating the co-crystallization mechanism. It revealed that the nucleation process was very slow compared with the transformation process, which is indication that the co-crystallization was controlled by nucleation. LCZ696 crystals are composed of very thin hexagonal plates, which seems indicating that LCZ696 crystals grow mainly in two size dimensions. Stirrer speed and crystal seeds were found to have noticeable effect on the induction time, transformation time and crystal size distribution. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation was found to be able to describe the co-crystallization process.
Efficient Subpopulation Based Parallel TLBO Optimization Algorithms (2018)

A numerous group of optimization algorithms based on heuristic techniques have been proposed in recent years. Most of them are based on phenomena in nature and require the correct tuning of some parameters, which are specific to the algorithm. Heuristic algorithms allow problems to be solved more quickly than deterministic methods. The computational time required to obtain the optimum (or near optimum) value of a cost function is a critical aspect of scientific applications in countless fields of knowledge. Therefore, we proposed efficient algorithms parallel to Teaching-learning-based optimization algorithms. TLBO is efficient and free from specific parameters to be tuned. The parallel proposals were designed with two levels of parallelization, one for shared memory platforms and the other for distributed memory platforms, obtaining good parallel performance in both types of parallel architectures and on heterogeneous memory parallel platforms.
Three-dimensional honeycomb-like porous carbon derived from corncob for the removal of heavy metals from water by capacitive deionization (2018)

In this study, porous carbon (3DHPC) with a 3D honeycomb-like structure was synthesized from waste biomass corncob <i>via</i> hydrothermal carbonization coupled with KOH activation and investigated as a capacitive deionization (CDI) electrode material. The obtained 3DHPC possesses a hierarchal macroporous and mesoporous structure, and a large accessible specific surface area (952 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>). Electrochemical tests showed that the 3DHPC electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 452 F g<sup>-1</sup> and good electric conductivity. Moreover, the feasibility of electrosorptive removal of chromium(vi) from an aqueous solution using the 3DHPC electrode was demonstrated. When 1.0 V was applied to a solution containing 30 mg L<sup>-1</sup> chromium(vi), the 3DHPC electrode exhibited a higher removal efficiency of 91.58% compared with that in the open circuit condition. This enhanced adsorption results from the improved affinity between chromium(vi) and the electrode under electrochemical assistance involving a non-faradic process. Consequently, the 3DHPC electrode with typical double-layer capacitor behavior is demonstrated to be a favorable electrode material for capacitive deionization.
An overview of SSRI and SNRI therapies for depression. (2004)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are used widely to treat mood and anxiety disorders. Indications, pharmacologic characteristics, and dosing and administration are outlined. Because more patients receive SSRIs in general medical versus psychiatric settings, this chapter includes information relevant to both.
Effects of a pulsed electromagnetic therapy on multiple sclerosis fatigue and quality of life: a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. (2003)

Evidence from this randomized, double-bind, placebo controlled trial is consistent with results from smaller studies suggesting that exposure to pulsing, weak electromagnetic fields can alleviate symptoms of MS. The clinical effects were small, however, and need to be replicated. Additional research is also needed to examine the possibility that ambulatory patients and patients taking interferons for their MS may be most responsive to this kind of treatment.
The use of automated complement fixation techniques in the Brucellosis Eradication Scheme (1978)

Abstract Automation of the complement fixation test for diagnosing Brucella abortus infection in cattle has allowed this difficult, time-consuming and labour-intensive hut most specific test to he used for large scale serodiagnosis in New Zealand's Brucellosis Eradication Scheme. The automated test has the advantages of eliminating much human error, of improving accuracy and of reducing the costs of labour and reagents. The Auto-Analyzer performs a warm complement fixation test at a single serum dilution. Each batch of 39 serum samples is compared with a standard positive control serum with a complement fixing antibody activity equivalent to 1/30 of the second International Standard Ani-Brucella abortus Serum. All sera with an antibody level equal to, or greater than, the standard serum are regarded as positive to the test. A titre for serum tested by the automated method is not obtained, and positive sera that prozone strongly may be recorded as negative. Where necessary, the semi-automated microtitre complement fixation test is used to delineate titres and the status of doubtful automated CFT results. The automated and microtitre complement fixation tests use the same reagents; only relative concentrations differ.
Preparation and properties of poly(acrylic acid) composite membranes (1971)

Abstract A new type of membrane has been prepared for hyperfiltration (reverse osmosis) desalination that is essentially a very thin polyelectrolyte membrane. It is prepared by casting an aqueous solution of a polyelectrolyte, specifically poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), directly on one surface of a finely porous support membrane. In hyperfiltration tests, these composite membranes exhibit desalination performance comparable in dilute solutions to that observed with cellulose acetate membranes of the Loeb‐Sourirajan type. The water flux through these membranes is linear in the pressure up to 100 atm. Salt rejection is a function of pressure; it is also a function of the concentration of the feed solution and the charge of the counterion, in qualitative agreement with the Donnan ion‐exclusion mechanism. Typical long‐term results range from water fluxes of 2 × 10 −3 g/cm 2 ‐sec (50 gal/ft 2 ‐day) and 80% salt rejection to 0.2 × 10 −3 g/cm 2 ‐sec (5 gal/ft 2 ‐day) and >99.5% salt rejection at 1500 psi with 0.3 wt‐% NaCl. These membranes appear to be useful for brackish water desalination.
An 800µW Peak Power Consumption, 24GHz (K-Band), Super-Regenerative Receiver with 200p J/bit Energy Efficiency, for IoT (2016)

A 24GHz (K-band), super-regenerative, logarithmic-mode, OOK receiver achieved a peak energy efficiency of 200pJ/bit at 4Mb/s and a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> . With 0.8mW peak and 8uW average power, the sensitivity of the receiver is -60dBm for the same BER and data-rate. Realized in a 65nm CMOS process from GF, the active area of the receiver is 740x670um <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Carbene-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of isoquinolinium salts: efficient synthesis of isoquinolinones (2018)

A mild and environmentally friendly carbene-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of isoquinolinium salts was successfully realized.
Taurine: a conditionally essential amino acid in humans? An overview in health and disease. (2003)

Taurine, a sulphur containing amino acid, is the most abundant intracellular amino acid in humans, and is implicated in numerous biological and physiological functions. This comprehensive overview explores areas, from its characterisation to its potential clinical benefit as a conditionally essential amino acid and a pharmaconutrient. In healthy individuals the diet is the usual source of taurine; although in the presence of vitamin B6 it is also synthesised from methionine and cysteine. Taurine has a unique chemical structure that implies important physiological functions: bile acid conjugation and cholestasis prevention, antiarrhythmic/inotropic/chronotropic effects, central nervous system neuromodulation, retinal development and function, endocrine/metabolic effects and antioxidant/antiinflammatory properties. Taurine is an essential amino acid for preterm neonates and is assured by breast milk. Specific groups of individuals are at risk for taurine deficiency and may benefit from supplementation, e.g. patients requiring long-term parenteral nutrition (including premature and newborn infants); those with chronic hepatic, heart or renal failure. Further studies are required to determine the benefits of replenishing taurine pools as well as the need to include taurine routinely in parenteral nutrition regimens.
Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Bacterial Biofilms (2015)

Treatment of biofilm-associated infections is challenging, requiring the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this viewpoint, we discuss the use of nanoparticle-based systems as active therapeutic agents and as vehicles to transport drugs to the site of infection. These applications require understanding of the surface interactions of nanoparticles with bacteria/biofilms, an aspect that we likewise summarize.
Mesenchymal stem cells support growth and organization of host-liver colorectal-tumor organoids and possibly resistance to chemotherapy (2017)

Despite having yielded extensive breakthroughs in cancer research, traditional 2D cell cultures have limitations in studying cancer progression and metastasis and screening therapeutic candidates. 3D systems can allow cells to grow, migrate, and interact with each other and the surrounding matrix, resulting in more realistic constructs. Furthermore, interactions between host tissue and developing tumors influence the susceptibility of tumors to drug treatments. Host-liver colorectal-tumor spheroids composed of primary human hepatocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and colon carcinoma HCT116 cells were created in simulated microgravity rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactors. The cells were seeded on hyaluronic acid (HA)-based microcarriers, loaded with liver-specific growth factors and ECM components. Only in the presence of MSC, large tumor foci rapidly formed inside the spheroids and increased in size steadily over time, while not greatly impacting albumin secretion from hepatocytes. The presence of MSC appeared to drive self-organization and formation of a stroma-like tissue surrounding the tumor foci and hepatocytes. Exposure to a commonly used chemotherapeutic 5-FU showed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity. However, if tumor organoids were allowed to mature in the RWV, they were less sensitive to the drug treatment. These data demonstrate the potential utility of liver tumor organoids for cancer progression and drug response modeling.
Mortality in DATATOP: A Multicenter trial in early Parkinson's disease (1998)

Deprenyl (selegiline) delays the need for levodopa therapy in patients with early Parkinson's disease, but the value of long-term treatment with this type B monoamine oxidase inhibitor remains unsettled. We examined mortality among the 800 patients with early Parkinson's disease who were not requiring levodopa and who were randomly assigned in the DATATOP trial to receive deprenyl, tocopherol, combined treatments, or placebo. Ascertainment of the vital status of subjects in this double-blinded trial was performed prospectively after the initial randomization, during open-label deprenyl, and after a second independent randomization to continue active deprenyl or switch to matching placebo. The study was conducted at 28 academic medical centers in the United States and Canada. After an average of 8.2 years of observation, the overall death rate of our subjects was 17.1% (137 of 800) or 2.1% per year. The mortality rate was unaffected by deprenyl, tocopherol, or combined treatment assignments and was about that expected for an age- and gender-matched US population without Parkinson's disease. Neither deprenyl, tocopherol, nor their combined treatments affected the duration of life in our early Parkinson's disease patients. The deprenyl-related delay in disability that we reported previously was not associated with a deprenyl-related reduction in mortality.
Ultraviolet laser-assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of GaAs (1989)

The growth of GaAs irradiated with ultraviolet laser light in a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition reactor has been investigated. Growth rate enhancements of up to 15% were observed at 450 °C by illuminating the substrate with no more than 13 mJ/cm2 of KrF laser (248 nm) radiation. For 5-eV photons, arsine is virtually transparent, while the trimethylgallium (TMG) photoabsorption cross section is approximately 10−19 cm2. Data acquired with and without the optical beam impinging on the substrate are well described by the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, and the results point to photodissociation of adsorbed TMG as the origin of the growth rate enhancement. Nearly identical experiments carried out at 351 nm (XeF) corroborate this conclusion since no measurable increase in growth rate was observed at this wavelength, where both arsine and TMG photoabsorption is negligible. Conversely, significant improvement in surface morphology for samples grown below 700 °C is observed with ultraviolet laser irradiation of the substrate at each of the wavelengths investigated (193, 248, and 351 nm). Smooth and specular surfaces are obtained with substrate temperatures as low as 550 °C and at fluences well below those which induce a significant rise in the surface temperature.
Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Flavonoids and Vitamin C Content of Minimally Processed Swiss Chard (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> Subspecies <i>cycla</i>) (1998)

Five flavonoids from Swiss chard leaves (Beta vulgaris subsp. cycla) cultivar “green” were isolated and identified as vitexin 2‘‘-xyloside and its 6‘‘-malonated derivative, kaempferol 3-gentiobioside, isorhamnetin 3-gentiobioside, and isorhamnetin 3-vicianoside. 6‘‘-Malonyl-2‘‘-xylosyl vitexin is a new naturally occurring flavonoid. In fact, this is the first time that a flavonoid C-glycoside acylated with a dicarboxylic acid is reported in nature. The flavonoid content of fresh leaves (green cultivar) was in the range 2.4−3.0 mg/g fresh weight (f.w.). Cultivar “yellow” contained only flavone C-glycosides (2.1−2.3 mg/g f.w.), while the flavonols were not detected. Their vitamin C content was between 0.4 and 0.5 mg/g f.w., and after domestic processing an 80% loss was observed. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (7% O2 and 10% CO2) had no effect on total flavonoid content after 8 days of storage, although it increased flavonoid extraction during cooking in boiling water. In contrast, vitamin C content decreased, especially in MAP-stored Swiss chard, to reach levels below 50% of the intial content after 8 days of cold storage. Keywords: Beta vulgaris subsp. cycla; Chenopodiaceae; Swiss chard; flavonoids; vitamin C; antioxidants; modified atmosphere packaging; cooking; minimally processed
HEALPix View-order for 3D Radial Self-Navigated Motion-Corrected ZTE MRI (2019)

Compressed sensing has reinvigorated the field of non-Cartesian sampling in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Until now there has been no 3D radial view-order which meets all the desired characteristics for simultaneous dynamic/high-resolution imaging, such as for self-navigated motion-corrected high resolution neuroimaging. In this work, we examine the use of Hierarchical Equal Area iso-Latitude Pixelization (HEALPix) for generation of three-dimensional (3D) radial view-orders for MRI, and compare to a selection of commonly used 3D view-orders. The resulting trajectories were evaluated through simulation of the point spread function and slanted surface object suitable for modulation transfer function, contrast ratio, and SNR measurement. Results from the HEALPix view-order were compared to Generalized Spiral, 2D Golden Means, and Random view-orders. Finally, we show the first use of the HEALPix view-order to acquire in-vivo brain images.
AcrAB-TolC Directs Efflux-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium DT104 (2004)

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) strains harbor a genomic island, called Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), which contains an antibiotic resistance gene cluster conferring resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. They may be additionally resistant to quinolones. Among the antibiotic resistance genes there are two, i.e., floR and tet(G), which code for efflux pumps of the major facilitator superfamily with 12 transmembrane segments that confer resistance to chloramphenicol-florfenicol and the tetracyclines, respectively. In the present study we determined, by constructing acrB and tolC mutants, the role of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux system in the multidrug resistance of several DT104 strains displaying additional quinolone resistance or not displaying quinolone resistance. This study shows that the quinolone resistance and the decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibilities of the strains are highly dependent on the AcrAB-TolC efflux system and that single mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA are of little relevance in mediating this resistance. Overproduction of the AcrAB efflux pump, as determined by Western blotting with an anti-AcrA polyclonal antibody, appeared to be the major mechanism of resistance to quinolones. Moreover, chloramphenicol-florfenicol and tetracycline resistance also appeared to be highly dependent on the presence of AcrAB-TolC, since the introduction of mutations in the respective acrB and tolC genes resulted in a susceptible or intermediate resistance phenotype, according to clinical MIC breakpoints, despite the presence of the FloR and Tet(G) efflux pumps. Resistance to other antibiotics, ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides, was not affected in the acrB and tolC mutants of DT104 strains harboring SGI1. Therefore, AcrAB-TolC appears to direct efflux-mediated resistance to quinolones, chloramphenicol-florfenicol, and tetracyclines in multidrug-resistant S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 strains.
An Efficient Image Steganographic Algorithm (2015)

Steganography assumes a key part in the mystery information (computerized) correspondence. The pattern of consolidating mystery picture in Cover picture is begat as Image-Image Steganography. Most presumably all pictures are part into red, green and blue layers, But here sequestered from everything reason, the spread's layers picture are spitting into Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and key (Black). On the establishment of these four shading layers, three calculations have been arranged and inspected in an effective way. In this calculation pixel intensities stand in a critical spot to choose its inserting limit. To assess the bore of the got picture its PSNR and MSE has been computed.
Oral administration of anti-doxorubicin monoclonal antibody prevents chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in mice. (1996)

Gastrointestinal mucositis is a common and painful condition that afflicts a proportion of cancer patients receiving chemotherapeutic drugs including anthracyclines, and it has become the dose-limiting toxicity for a number of chemotherapeutic regimens. The murine monoclonal antibody MAD11 recognizes the anthracycline doxorubicin, and systemic administration of this antibody in mice treated with doxorubicin was found previously to prevent the toxic effects of the drug. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gastrointestinal toxicity associated with doxorubicin can be reduced by oral administration of anti-doxorubicin MAD11 in mice. Our experiments show that orally administered MAD11 antibodies: (a) are essentially not absorbed in the blood circulation since less than 0.5% of protein-associated radioactivity was recovered from blood samples; (b) reduce the extent of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in murine intestinal crypts, as determined by labeling strand breaks with modified nucleotides in an enzymatic reaction; and (c) reduce the body weight loss in mice treated with 12 mg/kg body weight of doxorubicin and decrease the early mortality in mice treated with 16 mg/kg body weight. This type of treatment may be useful in preventing anthracycline-induced gastrointestinal mucositis in cancer patients.
ASIC With Multiple Energy Discrimination for High-Rate Photon Counting Applications (2007)

An ASIC for high rate photon counting measurements with multiple energy discrimination is presented. Optimized for pixelated CdZnTe sensors, the ASIC is composed of 64 channels with low-noise charge preamplification, high-order shaping (40 ns minimum peaking time), and five window-discriminators with associated 16-bit counters. An efficient readout scheme allows simultaneous measurement and readout through a 60 MHz 16-bit output bus. The ASIC architecture and experimental results are reported, and the impact of the shaper order on the resolution, ballistic deficit, and pile-up is discussed
Activation of PERK Signaling Attenuates Aβ-Mediated ER Stress (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of aggregated beta-amyloid (Abeta), which triggers a cellular stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR signaling pathway is a cellular defense system for dealing with the accumulation of misfolded proteins but switches to apoptosis when endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is prolonged. ER stress is involved in neurodegenerative diseases including AD, but the molecular mechanisms of ER stress-mediated Abeta neurotoxicity still remain unknown. Here, we show that treatment of Abeta triggers the UPR in the SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells. Abeta mediated UPR pathway accompanies the activation of protective pathways such as Grp78/Bip and PERK-eIF2alpha pathway, as well as the apoptotic pathways of the UPR such as CHOP and caspase-4. Knockdown of PERK enhances Abeta neurotoxicity through reducing the activation of eIF2alpha and Grp8/Bip in neurons. Salubrinal, an activator of the eIF2alpha pathway, significantly increased the Grp78/Bip ER chaperone resulted in attenuating caspase-4 dependent apoptosis in Abeta treated neurons. These results indicate that PERK-eIF2alpha pathway is a potential target for therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases including AD.