gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extensions to recursive partitioning (1999)

Formal Inference-based Recursive Modeling (FIRM) has generally used simple techniques to find the optimal groupings of observations used for each partition of the data. Current implementations use pairwise merging of classes starting from an initial fine grouping. The procedures used were very similar to those used to find change-points, except that they were not likelihood-based, rather more heuristic-driven. This thesis explores the use of change-points computed using maximum-likelihood estimation. Computational and distribution challenges are discussed and a simple, yet accurate, approximation to the likelihood-ratio test statistic for testing multiple change-points is demonstrated. 
A new ‘type’ of variables is introduced into the recursive partitioning framework: truly monotonic predictors, which vary monotonically with the response. Free predictors are updated to use the multiple change-point results. 
A technique (“Random FIRM”) is proposed designed to enhance the ability of FIRM, or for that matter any feature selection method, to find and distinguish between important and unimportant predictors. The technique is introduced in the context of an example from drug discovery. 
Finally, the techniques developed in this thesis are demonstrated on a large example. The computer codes developed in the thesis research may be downloaded through the Internet as open-source software.
Auditory Processing in Individuals With Mild Aphasia (1997)

This study examined the effects of lesion location (frontal vs. posterior) and nature of distraction (nonverbal vs. verbal secondary, competing task) on mildly aphasic individuals' performances of listening tasks that required semantic judgments and lexical decisions under isolation, focused attention, and divided attention conditions. Despite comparable accuracy among all groups during isolation conditions, the aphasic groups responded less accurately and more slowly than the normal control group during focused and divided attention conditions. Generally, the two aphasic groups performed similarly, quantitatively and qualitatively. Demographic characteristics such as time post stroke did not correlate with performance decrements. Independent of group, all individuals showed greater disruption of auditory processing skills when the secondary task was verbal rather than nonverbal. Within a limited-capacity model of attention, the results suggest that aphasic individuals display impairments of attention and resource allocation and that these impairments negatively interact with their auditory processing abilities.
The Girl No One Knew: Photographs, Narratives, and Secrets in Modern Fiction (2004)

The research field is the intersection between photography and modern fiction. The research, which resulted in a published paper, an international conference presentation (‘The Photograph’, University of Manitoba) public symposium paper (‘Out of the Box’, Tate Modern) and scholarly symposium paper (Leeds Humanities Research Institute) analysed works of modern fiction in which textual descriptions of photographs are used to structure narratives. Particular attention is given to Penelope Lively’s 'The Photograph'. It is argued that an incriminating photograph discovered by chance at the start of the narrative comes to dominates the novel and that the narrative is predicated on the main character (depicted in the photograph) finally becoming reincorporated into the lives of the other characters. Theoretically two themes prevail in the research. First (based on Kermode), that secrets within literature are not always hidden. Second (based on Bakhtin) that photographs might function as ‘organising centres’ for the fundamental narrative events of a novel so that a small detail (the clandestine linked hands described by Lively) might act as a vanishing point (or chronotype) through which all of what happens in the novel can be traced back. The argument is made that The Photograph is a fictional world holding photographs, narratives and secrets in a tight, mutually dependent dynamic. Reference was also made to writers who also used photographs in ways similar to Lively such as Carol Shields, Donna Tartt and Kate Atkinson. As the symposium at Leeds the works of other writers were drawn into the presentation including Peter Dickinson and Nina Raine.
Generating hierarchical summaries for web searches (2003)

Hierarchies provide a means of organizing, summarizing and accessing information. We describe a method for automatically generating hierarchies from small collections of text, and then apply this technique to summarizing the documents retrieved by a search engine.
Optimization of communication intensive applications on HPC networks (2016)

Communication is a necessary but overhead inducing component of parallel programming. Its impact on application design and performance is due to several related aspects of a parallel job execution: network topology, routing protocol, suitability of algorithm being used to the network, job placement, etc. This thesis is aimed at developing an understanding of how communication plays out on networks of high performance computing systems and exploring methods that can be used to improve communication performance of large scale applications.\n\nBroadly speaking, three topics have been studied in detail in this thesis. The first of these topics is task mapping and job placement on practical installations of torus and dragonfly networks. Next, use of supervised learning algorithms for conducting diagnostic studies of how communication evolves on networks is explored. Finally, efficacy of packet-level simulations for prediction-based studies of communication performance on different networks using different network parameters is analyzed.\n\nThe primary contribution of this thesis is development of scalable diagnostic and prediction methods that can assist in the process of network designing, adapting applications to future systems, and optimizing execution of applications on existing systems. These meth- ods include a supervised learning approach, a functional modeling tool (called Damselfly), and a PDES-based packet level simulator (called TraceR), all of which are described in this thesis.
Novel general synthesis of 2-substituted 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-ones. Cyclization of N-substituted 2-methoxycarbonylbenzenesulfenamides (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel general synthesis of 2-substituted 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-ones. Cyclization of N-substituted 2-methoxycarbonylbenzenesulfenamidesJohn C. GrivasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 14, 2029–2032Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00902a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00902a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views385Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel library of logic gates with ambipolar CNTFETs: Opportunities for multi-level logic synthesis (2009)

This paper exploits the unique in-field controllability of the device polarity of ambipolar carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs) to design a technology library with higher expressive power than conventional CMOS libraries. Based on generalized NOR-NAND-AOI-OAI primitives, the proposed library of static ambipolar CNTFET gates efficiently implements XOR functions, provides full-swing outputs, and is extensible to alternate forms with area-performance tradeoffs. Since the design of the gates can be regularized, the ability to functionalize them in-field opens opportunities for novel regular fabrics based on ambipolar CNTFETs. Technology mapping of several multi-level logic benchmarks - including multipliers, adders, and linear circuits-indicates that on average, it is possible to reduce both the number of gates and area by ~ 38% while also improving performance by 6.9times.
Research as a Part of Public Health Emergency Response (2013)

The authors review lessons learned from several recent public health emergencies and argue that we must conduct research during emergencies to improve our capacity to prevent illness and injury. They propose policies to facilitate timely research.
Modelling of Fluidized Bed Reactors (2003)

The fluidized bed reactor has a lot of advantages: excellent gas-solid contacting, no hot spots even with highly exothermal reactions, good gas-to-particle and bed-to-wall heat transfer and the ease of solids handling which is particularly important if the catalyst is quickly ageing. However, the list of disadvantages is as long: broad residence time distribution of the gas due to dispersion and gas-bypass in the form of bubbles, broad residence time distribution of solids due to intense mixing, erosion of bed internals and the attrition of the catalyst particles. A particular disadvantage of the fluidized bed reactor is its difficult scale-up. The historical experience with the FCC process is that in the early 40's of the last century this process was successfully scaled up from a 5 cm dia. pilot-scale unit to a 4.5 m dia. bed in the production unit. On the other hand, around 1950 the scale up of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the fluidized bed failed completely. Modern process design should be able to avoid such disasters by making use of modeling and simulation tools. However, a modeling tool which is really helpful in planning and designing of an industrial fluidized bed reactor has to fulfill a lot of requirements. It should be able to describe the influence of the several changes which are typical for the scale-up process, for example enlargement of bed diameter, bed height and fluidizing velocity, changes of gas distributor design, introduction of in-bed heat exchanger tubes and baffles. In the present work a modelling approach is presented which is able to handle the most important aspects of industrial fluidized bed reactors. A particular focus is to describe the relationship between catalyst attrition, solids recovery in the reactor system and chemical performance of the fluidized bed reactor. The competing influences of attrition of the catalyst particles and efficiency of the solids recovery lead to the establishment of a catalyst particle size distribution (PSD) in the bed inventory which in turn influences via the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluidized bed the performance of the chemical reactor. The usefulness of this approach is illustrated with model calculations for a fictituous first order reaction where the fluidized bed is equipped with different solids recovery systems including one single stage cyclone, several cyclones in parallel, two- and three-stage cyclone systems, respectively. Model calculations illustrate the significance of a high efficiency of the solids recovery in order to keep the fines in the system which is decisive for a high performance of the reactor. The calculations reveal that it may take months until a quasi steady state of the bed particle size distribution is obtained.
Angiotensin inhibitors for hypertension. (1980)

Inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme emerges as a new promising approach to the treatment of hypertension. The intravenously administered teprotide appears to be suitable as a diagnostic test and for initial treatment of certain hypertensive emergencies. The oral inhibitor captopril is effective for chronic maintenance of blood pressure control in various types of hypertension but has been associated with a number of adverse reactions.
Reactivity of potassium permanganate and tetraethylammonium chloride with mismatched bases and a simple mutation detection protocol (1999)

Many mutation detection techniques rely upon recognition of mismatched base pairs in DNA hetero-duplexes. Potassium permanganate in combination with tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) is capable of chemically modifying mismatched thymidine residues. The DNA strand can then be cleaved at that point by treatment with piperidine. The reactivity of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in TEAC toward mismatches was investigated in 29 different mutations, representing 58 mismatched base pairs and 116 mismatched bases. All mismatched thymidine residues were modified by KMnO4/TEAC with the majority of these showing strong reactivity. KMnO4/TEAC was also able to modify many mismatched guanosine and cytidine residues, as well as matched guanosine, cytidine and thymidine residues adjacent to, or nearby, mismatched base pairs. Previous techniques using osmium tetroxide (OsO4) to modify mismatched thymidine residues have been limited by the apparent lack of reactivity of a third of all T/G mismatches. KMnO4/TEAC showed no such phenomenon. In this series, all 29 mutations were detected by KMnO4/TEAC treatment. The latest development of the Single Tube Chemical Cleavage of Mismatch Method detects both thymidine and cytidine mismatches by KMnO4/TEAC and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) in a single tube without a clean-up step in between the two reactions. This technique saves time and material without disrupting the sensitivity and efficiency of either reaction.
Iatrogenic intussusception: a complication of long intestinal tubes. (1982)

Intussusception secondary to long intestinal tubes is a relatively uncommon but potentially fatal occurrence. From 1976 to 1979 we have studied five patients with this complication. The mercury-filled bag stimulates peristalsis, the tube is drawn forward, and there is resultant telescoping and "pleating" of the proximal small bowel. If these pleats become fixed by adhesions, they may act as a lead point for intussusception, even after tube withdrawal. Early diagnosis is essential for effective therapy.
A predictive accident-duration based decision-making module for rerouting in environments with V2V communication (2017)

Communication for cooperative traffic management increases convenience and efficiency in driving. Intelligent vehicles can collect information about the driving environment, the driver situation and, more importantly, information on other vehicles. While giving this information to the driver can be useful, there is also the possibility of presenting the driver with too much information. Existing vehicles already have some mechanisms to take certain actions if the driver fails to act. Future vehicles will need more complex decision-making modules which receive the raw data from all available sources, process this data and inform the driver about existing or impending situations and suggest, or even take actions. In this work, we explore the use of a decision-making module for accident situations that processes information from VANET communication and advises the driver based on the situation. Our decision-making algorithm is a simple and effective algorithm that can be implemented in each vehicle to assist the driver in situations where rerouting to avoid traffic congestion caused by an accident may be necessary. Our approach estimates accident duration and provides a rerouting for upcoming traffic. Our algorithm has been implemented and evaluated within an elegant traffic simulation system where both city and highway environments are considered, along with various proportions of V2V-equipped vehicles. Overall, the results indicate that using our decision-making module in vehicles shows great potential for improving performance of vehicular systems by reducing both travel and wait times and providing more accurate information on surrounding environments.
4CeeD: Real-Time Data Acquisition and Analysis Framework for Material-Related Cyber-Physical Environments (2017)

In this paper, we present a data acquisition and analysis framework for materials-to-devices processes, named 4CeeD, that focuses on the immense potential of capturing, accurately curating, correlating, and coordinating materials-to-devices digital data in a real-time and trusted manner before fully archiving and publishing them for wide access and sharing. In particular, 4CeeD consists of novel services: a curation service for collecting data from microscopes and fabrication instruments, curating, and wrapping of data with extensive metadata in real-time and in a trusted manner, and a cloud-based coordination service for storing data, extracting meta-data, analyzing and finding correlations among the data. Our evaluation results show that our novel cloud framework can help researchers significantly save time and cost spent on experiments, and is efficient in dealing with high-volume and fast-changing workload of heterogeneous types of experimental data.
Compact submillimeter-wave receivers made with semiconductor nano-fabrication technologies (2011)

Advanced semiconductor nanofabrication techniques are utilized to design, fabricate and demonstrate a super-compact, low-mass (<;10 grams) submillimeter-wave heterodyne front-end. RF elements such as waveguides and channels are fabricated in a silicon wafer substrate using deep-reactive ion etching (DRIE). Etched patterns with sidewalls angles controlled with 1° precision are reported, while maintaining a surface roughness of better than 20 nm rms for the etched structures. This approach is being developed to build compact 2-D imaging arrays in the THz frequency range.
EFFECTS OF SURGICAL IMPLANTS ON HIGH‐FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES OF THE NORMAL CANINE STIFLE (2012)

To determine the effect of surgical implants on the depiction of canine stifle anatomy in magnetic resonance (MR) images, three canine cadaver limbs were imaged at 1.5 T before and after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), and extra-capsular stabilization (ECS), respectively. Susceptibility artifacts associated with implants were identified in MR images as a signal void and/or signal misregistration, which obscured or distorted the anatomy. Using the preoperative images as a reference, articular structures of the stifle in postoperative images were graded using an ordinal scale to describe to what degree each anatomic structure could be evaluated for clinical purposes. The TPLO implant, which contains ferromagnetic stainless steel, produced marked susceptibility artifacts that obscured or distorted most stifle anatomy. The titanium alloy TTA implants and the stainless steel crimps used for ECS produced susceptibility artifacts that mainly affected the lateral aspect of the stifle, but allowed the cruciate ligaments and medial meniscus to be evaluated satisfactorily. Susceptibility artifact was significantly less marked in images obtained using turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequences than in sequences employing spectral fat saturation. Clinical MR imaging of canine stifles containing certain metallic implants is feasible using TSE sequences without fat saturation.
Maps of optical action potentials and NADH fluorescence in intact working hearts (1987)

Voltage-sensitive dyes were used to stain intact perfused hearts and to simultaneously measure optical action potentials (APs) from 124 sites on the epicardium. Patterns of electrical depolarization (activation) and repolarization (recovery) along the surface of the heart were determined from the upstrokes and repolarization phases of optical APs. Standard surface extracellular techniques can detect electrical activation but not the recovery or the duration of APs. The optical recordings were previously shown to be equivalent to intracellular electrode measurements (Salama and Morad, Science Wash. DC 191: 485-487, 1976) and now reveal that AP durations are heterogeneous throughout the epicardium, with durations increasing from the base to the apex of the ventricles. In hearts beating under normal sinus rhythm, the direction and conduction velocity of the activation waves could be altered by electrical stimulation. The normal heterogeneities in AP durations became more pronounced in the presence of the Ca2+-entry blocker, verapamil. The local metabolic state of the tissue was also monitored optically through its intrinsic NADH fluorescence measured from 124 separate regions on the heart. The time course and extent of metabolic injury caused by general anoxia or by a local ischemia induced by a coronary ligation was monitored through maps of NADH fluorescence. The present technique makes it possible to correlate changes in the metabolic state of the muscle with detailed changes in patterns of electrical activity and thus provides a powerful new tool to study fundamental aspects of normal and abnormal cardiac rhythm.
A Free‐Standing Pt‐Nanowire Membrane as a Highly Stable Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2011)

A free-standing Pt-nanowire membrane fabricated via a multistep templating process is used as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). It exhibits remarkably high stability and good catalytic activity due to its unique nanowire-network structure. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
8‐pCPT‐2′‐O‐Me‐cAMP‐AM: An Improved Epac‐Selective cAMP Analogue (2008)

An Epac-selective precursor with high potency: Signalling by the second messenger cAMP is mediated by its receptor proteins protein kinase A (PKA), Epac and cyclic-nucleotide-regulated ion channels. This manuscript describes the synthesis and biological characterisation of a precursor that selectively activates Epac and that is 100 to 1000 times more efficient under biological conditions than the parental compound.
Use of sulphur dioxide as reducing agent in cobalt leaching at Shituru hydrometallurgical plant (2002)

Copper oxide ores deposits in the Katanga province of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) contain at variable level cobalt oxide minerals. In contrast to copper oxide minerals which readily dissolve in the sulphuric acid solution, the cobalt oxide bearings are difficult to dissolve, especially if cobalt is present in the third oxidation state (Co2O3). This species become soluble after reduction of Co+3 in Co+2. In practice, the use of reducing agent is therefore necessary in order to transform the insoluble minerals into soluble cobalt sulphate species. The following reducing agents are currently used at the Shituru plant: ferrous ions, which are present in leach solutions, pulverised copper or sodium meta bisulphite (MBS). Due to the high consumption of reducing agents (0,8 t MBS/t of solubilized Co; 1,2 t Cu/t-Co), cobalt production is expensive. The use of sulphur dioxide as reducing agent was then investigated in order to reduce operating cost. This reagent also presents the advantage of sulphuric acid production during the leaching process. It has been added in the leaching vessel (tank). From the laboratory and industrial tests, selective leaching of cobalt (78%) has been performed. The cobalt leaching kinetic depend on sulphur dioxide dosage. Dissolution of copper, iron and manganese remained very low. No emanation of SO2 gas was observed during the process.