gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Monomeric Solvent-Free Bent Lanthanide Dialkyl and a Lanthanide Analog of a Grignard Reagent. Crystal Structures of Yb{C(SiMe3)3}2 and [Yb{C(SiMe3)3}I.cntdot.OEt2]2 (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Monomeric Solvent-Free Bent Lanthanide Dialkyl and a Lanthanide Analog of a Grignard Reagent. Crystal Structures of Yb{C(SiMe3)3}2 and [Yb{C(SiMe3)3}I.cntdot.OEt2]2Colin Eaborn, Peter B. Hitchcock, Keith Izod, and J. David SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 26, 12071–12072Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00105a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00105a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views666Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High-Dimensional Unsupervised Selection and Estimation of a Finite Generalized Dirichlet Mixture Model Based on Minimum Message Length (2007)

We consider the problem of determining the structure of high-dimensional data, without prior knowledge of the number of clusters. Data are represented by a finite mixture model based on the generalized Dirichlet distribution. The generalized Dirichlet distribution has a more general covariance structure than the Dirichlet distribution and offers high flexibility and ease of use for the approximation of both symmetric and asymmetric distributions. This makes the generalized Dirichlet distribution more practical and useful. An important problem in mixture modeling is the determination of the number of clusters. Indeed, a mixture with too many or too few components may not be appropriate to approximate the true model. Here, we consider the application of the minimum message length (MML) principle to determine the number of clusters. The MML is derived so as to choose the number of clusters in the mixture model which best describes the data. A comparison with other selection criteria is performed. The validation involves synthetic data, real data clustering, and two interesting real applications: classification of web pages, and texture database summarization for efficient retrieval.
Number of embryos for transfer following in vitro fertilisation or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (2013)

Although DET achieves higher live birth and clinical pregnancy rates per fresh cycle, the evidence suggests that the difference in effectiveness may be substantially offset when elective SET is followed by a further transfer of a single embryo in fresh or frozen cycle, while simultaneously reducing multiple pregnancies, at least among women with a good prognosis. The quality of evidence was low to moderate primarily due to inadequate reporting of study methods and absence of masking those delivering, as well as receiving the interventions.
Genome of the human hookworm Necator americanus (2014)

The hookworm Necator americanus is the predominant soil-transmitted human parasite. Adult worms feed on blood in the small intestine, causing iron-deficiency anemia, malnutrition, growth and development stunting in children, and severe morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in women. We report sequencing and assembly of the N. americanus genome (244 Mb, 19,151 genes). Characterization of this first hookworm genome sequence identified genes orchestrating the hookworm's invasion of the human host, genes involved in blood feeding and development, and genes encoding proteins that represent new potential drug targets against hookworms. N. americanus has undergone a considerable and unique expansion of immunomodulator proteins, some of which we highlight as potential treatments against inflammatory diseases. We also used a protein microarray to demonstrate a postgenomic application of the hookworm genome sequence. This genome provides an invaluable resource to boost ongoing efforts toward fundamental and applied postgenomic research, including the development of new methods to control hookworm and human immunological diseases.
Reference Model for CH 4 and N 2 O and Trends (1989)

Data from the Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder on Nimbus 7 were used as the basis for a model of the abundances of nitrous oxide and methane in the stratosphere. A version of this was produced two years ago (Taylor, Dudhia, and Rodgers - hereafter called the original paper) and in this new paper some of the possible error sources and long term trends are considered in more detail. The principle source of error in the SAMS retrievals is thought to be the use of climatological ozone profiles to invert the temperature profile data. However, it was found that the effect is too small, and of the opposite sign, to explain the discrepancies between satellite and in situ measurements, noted in the original paper. As expected, no systematic trends which exceed the estimated error in the data are found in either methane or nitrous oxide.
Dynamic Characteristics on the Dual-Power State of Flow in Hydro-Mechanical Transmission (2007)

In order to study the dynamic characteristics of a hydro-mechanical transmission (HMT) system, a bond graph model of the dual-power state of flow of the two ranges HMT system is established based on the bond graph theory. Taking the elements at the state variables, the state equations of the system are deduced. Based on this model, dynamic response of the HMT system is simulated. The response characteristics of output speed and systemic pressure of the HMT are given when the load, input speed and angle of slope plate of the pump change by their respective rules, and the influence of fluid volume is analyzed. The results of analysis illustrates that the HMT system needs less than 0.5 s to attain the steady state in its dynamic response and will take longer when the fluid volume is increased.
Age-dependent deficiency in import of mitochondrial DNA glycosylases required for repair of oxidatively damaged bases (2003)

The mitochondria are the major source of chronic oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the aging process. Along with other cellular changes, aged cells accumulate mutations in both their nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and they contain increased amounts of oxidatively damaged mutagenic bases such as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, suggesting age-dependent inhibition of its repair. Surprisingly, the level and activity of 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1), responsible for repair of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, was found to be higher in the liver mitochondrial extract from old rodents than in that from young ones. We addressed this paradox by analyzing OGG1 in the mitochondria of young vs. old mouse livers, as well as in replicating vs. presenescent human fibroblasts. We show here that although the total OGG1 activity is higher in old mitochondria, a large fraction of the enzyme is stuck to the membrane in the precursor form, which could not be translocated to and processed in the mitochondrial matrix. A nearly identical phenomenon was observed with the mitochondrial uracil-DNA glycosylase responsible for repair of mutagenic uracil. These results indicate an age-dependent decline in the mitochondrial import of proteins needed for DNA repair and possibly for other functions.
Iterative reconstruction of cone-beam micro-ct data (2006)

The use of x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanners has become widespread in both clinical and preclinical contexts. CT scanners can be used to noninvasively test for anatomical anomalies as well as to diagnose and monitor disease progression. However, the data acquired by a CT scanner must be reconstructed prior to use and interpretation. A reconstruction algorithm processes the data and outputs a three dimensional image representing the x-ray attenuation properties of the scanned object. The algorithms in most widespread use today are based on filtered backprojection (FBP) methods. These algorithms are relatively fast and work well on high quality data, but cannot easily handle data with missing projections or considerable amounts of noise. On the other hand, iterative reconstruction algorithms may offer benefits in such cases, but the computational burden associated with iterative reconstructions is prohibitive. In this work, we address this computational burden and present methods that make iterative reconstruction of high-resolution CT data possible in a reasonable amount of time. Our proposed techniques include parallelization, ordered subsets, reconstruction region restriction, and a modified version of the SIRT algorithm that reduces the overall run-time. When combining all of these techniques; we can reconstruct a 512 × 512 × 1022 image from acquired micro-CT data in less than thirty minutes.
Plasma concentrations of soluble CTLA‐4, CD28, CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules reflect disease severity of acute asthma in children (2006)

Recent studies have demonstrated an elevation of plasma soluble costimulatory molecules B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86), and their T lymphocyte counter receptors cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and CD28 in asthmatic patients. We hypothesized that these costimulatory molecules may reflect the severity of asthma and investigated the longitudinal changes of these soluble costimulatory molecules, and their clinical significance in children with an asthmatic exacerbation. Sixteen children hospitalized for asthmatic exacerbation were recruited and treated with systemic corticosteroid (CS) for 5 days. Plasma total Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentrations were measured by microparticle immunoassay and fluorescence enzyme immunoassay, respectively. Soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4), sCD28, sCD80, and sCD86 concentrations in plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their relationships with asthma severity, total IgE, ECP concentrations, and blood eosinophil count were analyzed. Plasma sCTLA-4, sCD28, sCD80, and sCD86 concentrations in patients were highest during the acute attack. They decreased significantly with a parallel increase of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) after CS treatment (all P < 0.05). Plasma sCTLA-4, sCD28, and sCD86 concentrations of patients at recruitment were inversely correlated with PEFR, whereas plasma sCD28 and sCD86 concentrations correlated positively with eosinophil count and plasma ECP concentration (all P < 0.05). Although there was no such correlation with IgE concentration, sCD28 was correlated very significantly with eosinophil count (r = 0.83, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, plasma sCTLA-4, sCD28, sCD86, and sCD80 concentrations may reflect the severity of acute asthma and more studies on larger cohorts are needed to assess whether these markers are useful for assessing asthmatic exacerbation in children.
Optimal detection of M-QAM signal with channel estimation error (2004)

In this paper, we study the optimal detection of QAM signaling with channel estimation error. Optimal detectors, maximum likelihood (MaxLike) detector and a modified minimum distance (ModDist) detector, are derived for the case a known Gaussian channel distribution and unknown channel distribution, respectively. These detectors differ from the traditional minimum distance detector, which ignores the effect of channel estimation error. Soft decision metrics for coded performance are also generated using the soft output of these detectors based on generalized likelihood ratio (GLR). Numerical results are given to compare the performance of these detectors. Although only marginal improvement is observed when using the proposed detectors without coding, while significant gains are obtained when used together with coding.
Design and Implementation of a Fast Algorithm of Partition Convolution (2008)

The linear convolution usually needs two finite-time input sequences,but in the actual application,one of the input sequences is very long,so linear convolution can′t process the data in a real-time.On this situation,the partition convolution is an effective solution.This paper proposes a fast algorithm of partition convolution module,using pipeline structure in FPGA to real-time operate the data.The practical results indicate that this method is correct and effective.
Detection and Classification of Rotor Demagnetization and Eccentricity Faults for PM Synchronous Motors (2012)

Condition monitoring of rotor problems such as demagnetization and eccentricity in permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) is essential for guaranteeing high motor performance, efficiency, and reliability. However, there are many limitations to the offline and online methods currently used for PMSM rotor quality assessment. In this paper, an inverter-embedded technique for automated detection and classification of PMSM rotor faults is proposed as an alternative. The main concept is to use the inverter to perform a test whenever the motor is stopped and to detect rotor faults independent of operating conditions or load torque oscillations, which is not possible with motor current signature analysis (MCSA). The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> -axis is excited with a direct-current+alternating-current signal, and the variation in the inductance pattern due to the change in the degree of magnetic saturation caused by demagnetization or eccentricity is observed for fault detection. An experimental study on a 7.5-kW PMSM verifies that demagnetization and eccentricity can be detected and classified independent of the load with high sensitivity.
Fabry disease: molecular genetics of the inherited nephropathy. (1989)

Originally described as a dermatologic curiosity by Fabry in 1898 and independently by Anderson in the same year, Fabry disease is now recognized as an inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism resulting from the defective activity of the lysosomal enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A (see Desnick and Sweeley for a comprehensive review). The enzymatic defect, transmitted by an X-linked recessive gene, leads to the accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids with terminal alpha-galactosyl residues in the plasma and in the lysosomes of endothelial, perithelial, and smooth muscle cells of the cardiovascular-renal system and, to a lesser extent, in reticuloendothelial, myocardial, and connective tissue cells. Epithelial cells in the kidney, cornea, and other tissues contain the lysosomal depositions, as do the ganglia and perineural cells of the autonomic nervous system. The major accumulated substrate is globotriaosylceramide [galactosyl-(alpha 1----4)-galactosyl-(beta 1----4)-glucosyl-(beta 1----1')-ceramide]; another substrate, galabiosylceramide [galactosyl-(alpha 1----4)-galactosyl-(beta 1----1')-ceramide] is deposited primarily in renal lysosomes. The clinical manifestations of Fabry disease are the sequelae of the anatomical and physiologic alterations produced by progressive glycosphingolipid deposition. Clinical onset of the disease in hemizygous males usually occurs during childhood or adolescence, with periodic crises of severe pain in the extremities (acroparesthesias), the appearance of the vascular cutaneous lesions (angiokeratoma), hypohidrosis, and the characteristic corneal dystrophy. With increasing age, the major morbid symptoms of the disease result from the progressive infiltration of glycosphingolipid in the cardiovascular-renal system. Death usually occurs from renal, cardiac, or cerebral complications of the vascular disease. Prior to the availability of treatment by renal transplantation or dialysis, the average age at death for affected males was about 40 years. Heterozygous females, who may exhibit the disease in an attenuated form, are most likely to have only corneal opacities. Previously, the diagnosis of affected hemizygous males and heterozygous females was based on clinical findings and the levels of alpha-galactosidase A activity in easily obtained sources, e.g., plasma and isolated lymphocytes or granulocytes. Because the gene encoding alpha-galactosidase A undergoes random X-inactivation, the expressed level of enzymatic activity in females heterozygous for the disease gene may vary significantly, thereby making accurate carrier detection difficult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Critical Role of Alkyl Chain Branching of Organic Semiconductors in Enabling Solution-Processed N-Channel Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Mobility of up to 3.50 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>–1</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> (2013)

Substituted side chains are fundamental units in solution processable organic semiconductors in order to achieve a balance of close intermolecular stacking, high crystallinity, and good compatibility with different wet techniques. Based on four air-stable solution-processed naphthalene diimides fused with 2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)malononitrile groups (NDI-DTYM2) that bear branched alkyl chains with varied side-chain length and different branching position, we have carried out systematic studies on the relationship between film microstructure and charge transport in their organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). In particular synchrotron measurements (grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure) are combined with device optimization studies to probe the interplay between molecular structure, molecular packing, and OTFT mobility. It is found that the side-chain length has a moderate influence on thin-film microstructure but leads to only limited changes in OTFT performance. In contrast, the position of branching point results in subtle, yet critical changes in molecular packing and leads to dramatic differences in electron mobility ranging from ~0.001 to >3.0 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). Incorporating a NDI-DTYM2 core with three-branched N-alkyl substituents of C(11,6) results in a dense in-plane molecular packing with an unit cell area of 127 Å(2), larger domain sizes of up to 1000 × 3000 nm(2), and an electron mobility of up to 3.50 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), which is an unprecedented value for ambient stable n-channel solution-processed OTFTs reported to date. These results demonstrate that variation of the alkyl chain branching point is a powerful strategy for tuning of molecular packing to enable high charge transport mobilities.
El concepto de error: estado de la cuestión y posibles investigaciones (2009)

INTRODUCCINEl objetivo de la siguiente ponencia consiste en presentar -de manera escueta -el estado de la cuestin en el campo del Anlisis de Errores y reflexionar sobre el rumbo posible que deberan tomar las investigaciones a partir del estado actual de los conocimientos.Para hacerlo hemos tomado como punto de referencia dos trabajos realizados en este campo [2].Damos por sabido que la evolucin del concepto de error a lo largo de los ltimos veinticinco aos ha dado por resultado -a la luz de las investigaciones existentes-un concepto con caractersticas positivas, desprovisto de connotaciones estigmatizantes, por lo menos en el contexto de la clase.Consideramos concluida la discusin -a nuestro criterio superada-entre una orientacin psicolingstica vs.una orientacin pedaggica en el marco de la Teora del Anlisis de Errores, puesto que si la primera se aplica al aprendizaje formal, no constituye sino la base terica de la segunda.Creemos que -independientemente de la terminologa utilizada-nociones tales como interlengua, estrategias, estadios aproximados, y, en consecuencia, errores transitorios, fosilizables y fosilizados resultan conceptos lo suficientemente anclados en la bibliografa pertinente como para prescindir en esta ocasin de una discusin de los mismos.Insistimos sobre el hecho que -independientemente de la luz que arrojan sobre la comprensin de los procesos de adquisicin/aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras-todas las investigaciones realizadas en torno al castellano u otras lenguas resultan insuficientes si no se concretan en mtodos, enfoques, tcnicas y materiales de enseanza que -con economa y eficacia-conduzcan al aprendizaje de una o varias lenguas extranjeras en un tiempo limitado y como componente insoslayable de la competencia intercultural. EL
Localization of acoustic waves (1985)

The localization of sound waves moving in a random array of hard scatterers is studied for both two- and three-dimensional systems using a diagrammatic technique. For d=2 acoustic waves are found to be localized for all frequencies with the localization length growing exponentially for both high and low frequencies. For d=3 there are mobility edges at an intermediate frequency and at a high frequency. Between these mobility edges the sound waves are localized. The connection between this problem and quantum-mechanical electron localization is discussed.
The development of system components to provide proprioceptive and tactile information to the human for future telepresence systems (1992)

System components are presented that are being implemented to augment teleoperated systems by providing both force and tactile information to the human operator. The concept proposed is the control of a manipulator to perform tasks; i.e., flight line maintenance and repair of combat aircraft or satellites while under the control of a human operator at a remote location to maintain mission effectiveness in a hostile environment. The human would control the motion of the manipulator via a master system with information from the remote site being fed back by direct stimulation of the humans sensory mechanisms or by graphic interpretation of displays. We are interested in providing the operator feedback of position, force, auditory, vision, and tactile information to aide in the human's cognitive ability to control the manipulator. This sensory information from the remote site would then be presented to the operator in such a manner as to enhance his performance while providing him a sense of being present at the remote location, this is known as telepresence. Also discussed is the research done by the Human Sensory Feedback (HSF) facility at the Armstrong Laboratory to provide tactile and proprioceptive feedback to the operator. The system components of this system includes tactile sensor and stimulators, dexterous robotic hands, and the control of positioning and operating industrial robots with exoskeletal mechanisms.
Adsolubilization of Fluorocarbon Alcohols into Perfluoroheptanoate Admicelles Formed on Alumina (1997)

Sodium perfluoroheptanoate adsorption and adsolubilization of small aliphatic fluorocarbon alcohols into surface aggregates formed on alumina was investigated. Higher concentrations and increasing hydrophobicity of the adsolubilizate enhanced surfactant adsorption below the plateau region. Partitioned amounts of the fluorocarbon alcohols rose with the alcohol supernatant concentration and chain length. Aggregation numbers were estimated with the two-site adsolubilization model.
Therapeutic modulators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR): a patent review (2008–present) (2012)

Looking at the recent patent activity regarding novel compounds, there have not been real innovations. As major applications for therapeutic PPAR ligands cancer therapy, skin-related disorders and systemic anti-inflammatory therapies might arise in the mid-term future. The known PPAR targeting drugs might see a repurposing for novel indications.