gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Techniques for termination of reverberating spreading depression in rats (1975)

Reverberation of cortical spreading depression (CSD) around a circular obstacle (thermocoagulation lesion) in the frontal cortex of anesthetized rats was elicited by appropriately timed and spaced applications of KCl. The probability of continued reverberation was increased by a pyrrolopyrimidine drug BW 58-271 (10 mg/kg) from 0.93 to 0.98. Three methods of reverberation arrest were tested: a) CSD propagation was blocked by an interfering CSD wave which was initiated in the rear of the reverberating wave, passing through a narrow segment of the circular pathway, and collided with the reverberating wave on the opposite side of the obstacle; b) CSD propagation through a part of the circular pathway was blocked by a 10-min application of 10% MgCl2 on the exposed cortical surface; c) 1-min asphyxia stopped RCSD by increasing the overall refractoriness of cortical tissue. Least reliable was the interference method which stopped reverberation, even with optimum timing, only in 42% of the trials. The magnesium blockade was reliable but slow, the reverberation stopping only 30 min after MgCl2 application. Asphyxia evoked in any phase of the reverberation cycle stopped RCSD reliably and immediately. The results obtained with the interference method confirm the predictions of the mathematical model of impulse reverberation in sheets of excitable tissue. Anoxia seems best suited for practical control of CSD reverberation in functional decortication studies.
Air and dielectric bands photonic crystal microringresonator for refractive index sensing (2016)

We present the experimental and numerical analysis of a microring resonator with an integrated one-dimensional photonic crystal fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator platform and show its applicability in bulk refractive index sensing. The photonic crystal is formed by periodically patterned, partially etched cylindrical perforations, whose induced photonic bandgap is narrower than the range of measurable wavelengths (1520-1620 nm). Of particular interest is that the microring operates in both air and dielectric bands, and the sensitivities of the resonances on both edges of the bandgap were investigated. We showed that a higher field localization inside the volume of the perforations for the air band mode leads to an increase in sensitivity.
Effects of oxygen, CO<sub>2</sub>/pH and medium on the in vitro development of individually cultured porcine one- and two-cell embryos (1996)

The gas atmosphere and medium composition are critical factors in the in vitro development of one- and two-cell embryos of several species. The present study evaluated the effect of different O2/CO2 concentrations (2/5, 2/10, 5/2.5, 5/5, 5/10, 10/10 and 21/5) on pig one- and two-cell embryo development. The embryos were individually cultured, for 6 days at 39 degrees C in a medium rich in bicarbonate and glutamine and containing pyruvate and lactate but lacking glucose. When the CO2 levels increased from 2.5% to 10%, the pH of the medium decreased from 8.2 to 7.5 and the development of the embryos was affected, but this depended mainly on the O2 levels. Pig embryo development was inhibited by 2 and 21% O2 levels. The optimum level for pig embryo development was 5% O2 and 5% CO2, whatever the criteria used to evaluate embryo development. At these optimal levels, the mean number of cells per embryo was 26 +/- 1.7 (ls mean +/- SE), and 50% of the one- and two-cell embryos developed to blastocysts. The substitution of 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the medium by 0.3% polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) significantly decreased the one- and two-cell embryo development. When the calcium and chloride contents of the medium with PVP were reduced, however, the embryo development was similar to that observed in the medium containing BSA. Pig embryo development in vitro was found to be optimal under an atmosphere of 5% O2 and 5% CO2 and PVP could replace BSA as the high molecular weight supplement.
Oolemma characteristics in relation to survival and fertilization patterns of oocytes treated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (1996)

The aim of this study was to analyse the various reactions displayed by the oolemma to the penetrating pipette during intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and correlate them with clinical factors, oocyte survival and fertilization patterns. Three types of oolemma responses were observed: normal breakage, when the injection needle created an invagination that ruptured at the approximate centre of the egg; sudden breakage, when the membrane broke without creating a funnel; and difficult breakage, when the membrane did not break or broke after several penetration attempts. A total of 2928 oocytes were analysed with the following observations: 73.9% (n = 2164) experienced normal breakage, 11.8% (n = 345) sudden breakage, and 14. 3% (n = 419) difficult breakage. The survival rate and number of normally fertilized oocytes were significantly lower and the incidence of digynic oocytes was significantly higher in the sudden breakage group; furthermore, in this group a significantly shorter length of stimulation was observed along with lower serum oestradiol concentrations when compared to oocytes experiencing normal and difficult breakage patterns. These recorded patterns were predictive of the survival and fertilization ability of the injected oocytes, as well as the incidence of digyny. The link between membrane behaviour and various clinical parameters appears to indicate a correlation between the modality of stimulation and oolemma characteristics.
Supporting collaborative computing and interaction (2002)

To enable collaboration on the daily tasks involved in scientific research, collaborative frameworks should provide lightweight and ubiquitous components that support a wide variety of interaction modes. We envision a collaborative environment as one that provides a persistent space within which participants can locate each other, exchange synchronous and asynchronous messages, share documents and applications, share workflow, and hold videoconferences. We are developing the Pervasive Collaborative Computing Environment (PCCE) as such an environment. The PCCE will provide integrated tools to support shared computing and task control and monitoring. This paper describes the PCCE and the rationale for its design.
Performance evaluation of Forward Error Correction in ATM networks (1992)

If the packet loss rate in a network is higher than the loss rate requested by an application, the transport protocol must make up for the difference in loss rate. In high bandwidth delay-product networks the latency introduced by retransmission-based error recovery schemes may be too high for applications with latency constraints. In this case, Forward Error Correction (FEC) can be used. FEC allows recovery from loss without retransmission. The amount of loss recovered strongly depends on the loss behavior of the network. FEC works best if losses are dispersed in time. We use simulation to study the loss behavior of an output buffered multiplexer for three different traffic scenarios. Our results show how the loss behavior of the multiplexer is affected by the traffic mix and the statistics of the sources. The more bursty the sources, the higher the loss rate and the higher the probability that losses will occur in bursts. Based on simulation results, we develop a mathematical model for the performance of FEC and compute the effectiveness of FEC for the three traffic scenarios. FEC is not effective for the two homogeneous traffic scenarios. However, FEC reduces the loss rate for the video sources by several orders of magnitude for a heterogeneous traffic scenario consisting of video and burst sources.
Un pacto educativo para la educación pública (2018)

espanolLa sociedad espanola demanda un Pacto Educativo que de estabilidad a nuestro sistema de ensenanza y que asegure una educacion publica de calidad en condiciones de igualdad. Para ello son claves tres cuestiones: una financiacion suficiente, la libertad de conciencia que saque la religion de las aulas y la escuela publica como eje articulador del sistema educativo. La derecha conservadora y neoliberal apunta a un pacto que siga privatizando la educacion, que la dote con muy escasa financiacion y que mantenga la presencia de la iglesia catolica. No esta clara la posicion de la socialdemocracia y si colaborara con el intento de maquillar la actual ley (LOMCE). El pacto educativo irrenunciable es el que apueste por una e s c u e l a p u b l i c a g r a t u i t a , l a i c a , democratica, participativa, que trate de asegurar el derecho a aprender con exito de todos y compensadora de las desigualdades sociales. Este acuerdo solo sera posible si participa en su negociacion la comunidad educativa y se enfoca desde el punto de vista del bien comun, lo publico y lo social, y la importancia estrategica de la educacion para el futuro del pais. EnglishSpanish society demands an Educational Pact that gives stability to our education / teaching system and ensures a quality public education in equal conditions. For this, three issues are key: enough funding, freedom of conscience that removes religion from the classrooms and public school as the assembling axis of the education system. The conservative and neoliberal Right wing aims at a pact that continues privatising education, which provides it with very little funding and which maintains the presence of the Catholic Church. It isn’t clear the position of the Social Democracy and whether it will collaborate with the attempt to embellish the current law (LOMCE). The unwavering educational pact is that which commits on a free, secular, democratic, participatory public school that tries to ensure the right everybody has to learn successfully, and compensates for social inequalities. This agreement will only be possible if the educational community participates in its negotiation and is focused from the point of view of the common interest, the public and the social, and the strategic importance of education for the future of the country.
Using the Structural Versatility of Lanthanide Metallacrowns to Tune Anion Recognition, Self-Assembly, and Luminescence Properties. (2012)

Natural and artificial supramolecular systems utilize weak, reversible interactions to control the organization of matter and facilitate separations, catalysis, and materials design. Metallacrowns are metal dense macrocycles assembled through dative bonds. This thesis explores how structural changes to the building blocks can enhance the solid state organization, anion recognition, structure, and physical properties of the metallacrown. A systematic crystallographic study was performed to assess how the side chain and central metal influences the size and selectivity of dimeric Ln(III)[15-MC-5] compartments. Phenyl side chains with 0-2 methylene spacers generate dimeric compartments ranging from 9.7 to 15.2 Å in height that selectively encapsulate 4.3 to 9.2 Å long dicarboxylate guests. Up to five carboxylate guests can be encapsulated based on considerations of side chain sterics and the coordination number of the central metal. Solution studies were performed with a novel voltammetric binding assay. Chiral Gd(III)[15-MCCu(II),L-pheHA-5]Cl3 metallocavitands bind alpha-amino acid analogs with affinity constants ranging from 70 +/- 7 to 3260 +/- 70 M-1 in 50% aqueous methanol for N-acetyl-R-phenylalanine and S-mandelate, respectively. Increasing the methylene spacers in the phenyl side chain from 0 to 2 increases the binding constant for benzoate from 800 +/- 100 to 3000 +/- 300 M-1 in 40% aqueous acetonitrile. Mandelate enantioselectivity is enhanced (KS/KR up to 2.2 +/- 0.6) by changing the phenyl side chain. Optically transparent lanthanide metallacrowns with Zn(II) ring metals were assembled for their luminescence properties. Six distinct metallacrown motifs were assembled from picoline hydroxamic acid, Zn(II), Ln(III) through a strict solvent dependence and structurally characterized: Zn(II)[12-MC-4], Ln(III)[12-MC-4], Ln(III)[15-MC-5], Ln(III)[12-MC-4]2, Ln(III)[12-MC-4]2[24-MC-8], and Ln(III)2Zn¬9. The Yb(III)[12-MC-4]2[24-MC-8] is luminescent in methanol, emitting at 980 nm upon excitation at 325 nm with a quantum yield of 0.89 % and lifetime of 14 microseconds. This complex is the brightest near-infrared emitting lanthanide coordination complex in protic solvents due to reduced vibrational quenching through the removal of C-H oscillators from the proximity of the lanthanide ion by the metallacrown. These results reveal that the unique topology and structural versatility of metallacrowns create great promise for chiral separations, catalysis, and molecular materials.
Review: <i>The Challenge of Red China</i>, by Gunther Stein (1946)

Book Review| January 16 1946 Review The Challenge of Red ChinaGunther Stein L. E. S. L. E. S. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1946) 15 (1): 15–16. https://doi.org/10.2307/3021806 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation L. E. S.; Review. Far Eastern Survey 16 January 1946; 15 (1): 15–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3021806 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Adding generic contextual capabilities to wearable computers (2002)

Context-awareness has an increasingly important role to play in the development of wearable computing systems. In order to better define this role we have identified four generic contextual capabilities: sensing, adaptation, resource discovery, and augmentation. A prototype application has been constructed to explore how some of these capabilities could be deployed in a wearable system designed to aid an ecologist's observations of giraffe in a Kenyan game reserve. However, despite the benefits of context-awareness demonstrated in this prototype, widespread innovation of these capabilities is currently stifled by the difficulty in obtaining the contextual data. To remedy this situation the Contextual Information Service (CIS) is introduced. Installed on the user's wearable computer, the CIS provides a common point of access for clients to obtain, manipulate and model contextual information independently of the underlying plethora of data formats and sensor interface mechanisms.
Properties of widely-tunable integrated WDM sources and receivers (1997)

Summary form only given. For some applications in optical communications and spectroscopy, it is desirable to have sources and receivers that can emit or receive a wide range of wavelengths to or from a single waveguide. Although this can be accomplished with large arrays of lasers and detectors, some sort of dispersive combining structure is necessary to provide a single output. For tunable receivers, grating-assisted codirectional coupler (GACC) filters appear to provide the most desirable features. These continuously tunable structures have been integrated with preamplifiers and waveguide detectors to form complete receiver front ends. This paper will present recent experimental sidelobe levels, linewidths and tuning properties of these photonic ICs, and compare them to theoretical expectations.
Cytochrome <i>c</i> modified by digestion with proteolytic enzymes: 1. Digestion (1951)

dialysed first against 0-005 N-NH4 followed by 0 5 % NaCl solution.
Enhancement of morphine analgesia and prevention of morphine tolerance by downregulation of β-arrestin 2 with antigene RNAs in mice (2014)

β-arrestin 2, a regulatory molecule of G protein-coupled receptor, has been proved to play an important role in regulating functions of mu opioid receptor. Changes of β-arrestin 2 expression might affect the function of mu opioid receptors and the effect of its agonists. In this study, antigene RNAs (agRNAs), which could selectively target gene transcription start sites and potently inhibit gene expression, were used to downregulate the expression of β-arrestin 2 to investigate its effects on morphine analgesia and tolerance in mice. After intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant lentivirus encoding β-arrestin 2 agRNAs to the mice, β-arrestin 2 expression was significantly decreased for more than 3 weeks. Mice treated with β-arrestin 2 agRNAs showed enhanced analgesic effects in response to morphine and failed to develop antinociceptive tolerance. These results suggest that inhibition of β-arrestin 2 in the brain with specific agRNAs can improve morphine efficacy, and consequently provide us a useful strategy for treatment of chronic intractable pain and morphine tolerance in vivo.
Nano-Sized Ceramic Inks for Drop-on-Demand Ink-Jet Printing in Quadrichromy (2008)

Nano-sized ceramic inks suitable for ink-jet printing have been developed for the four-colours CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) process. Nano-inks of different pigment composition (Co(1-x)O, Au(0), Ti(1-x-y)Sb(x)Cr(y)O2, CoFe2O4) have been prepared with various solid loadings and their chemicophysical properties (particle size, viscosity, surface tension, zeta-potential) were tailored for the ink-jet application. The pigment particle size is in the 20-80 nm range. All these nano-suspensions are stable for long time (i.e., several months) due to either electrostatic (high zeta-potential values) or steric stabilization mechanisms. Both nanometric size and high stability avoid problems of nozzle clogging from particles agglomeration and settling. Nano-inks have a Newtonian behaviour with relatively low viscosities at room temperature. More concentrated inks fulfil the viscosity requirement of ink-jet applications (i.e., < 35 mPa x s) for printing temperatures in between 30 and 70 degrees C. Surface tension constraints for ink-jet printing are fulfilled by nano-inks, being in the 35-45 mN x m(-1) range. The nano-sized inks investigated behave satisfactorily in preliminary printing tests on several unfired industrial ceramic tiles, developing saturated colours in a wide range of firing temperatures (1000-1200 degrees C).
The effects of HA compound calcium antagonists on delayed cerebral vasospasm in dogs (1986)

The authors have examined the effects of the HA compounds HA1004(N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide) and HA 1077(1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)homopiperazine), which are intracellular calcium antagonists, on delayed cerebral vasospasm from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The modes of action of these compounds were compared with those of the more commonly used calcium entry blockers. Calcium ionophore A23187 (4.8 X 10(-6) M)-induced contraction of a canine basilar artery strip was completely antagonized by the HA compounds (10(-5) M) but not by the entry-blocking calcium antagonists nicardipine, diltiazem, and verapamil (10(-5) M), suggesting that the HA compounds act differently. Delayed cerebral vasospasm was induced by a "two-hemorrhage" canine model. The magnitude of the vasospasm and the effects of the HA compounds were determined angiographically. On SAH Day 7, a significant vasospasm was observed in every dog. The diameter of the basilar artery had diminished to 59% +/- 2% (mean +/- standard error) of the control value obtained before SAH (on Day 1). The intravenous administration of HA 1004 caused a mild dilation of the basilar artery of 10% and 11% at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively; however, HA 1077 produced a more marked dilation of 19% and 27%, respectively, at the same doses. Both of these drugs lowered mean arterial blood pressure to about 80% and 50% at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Intracisternal administration of the HA compounds (6 mg) completely reversed cerebral vasospasm without much effect on the blood pressure. The intracellular calcium antagonists of the HA compound group appear to be promising agents for the treatment of intractable cerebral vasospasm.
Cooperative assembly of simian virus 40 T-antigen hexamers on functional halves of the replication origin (1991)

The cofactor ATP stimulates the formation of T-antigen double hexamers on the simian virus 40 core origin of replication (I. A. Mastrangelo, P. V. C. Hough, J. S. Wall, M. Dodson, F. B. Dean, and J. Horwitz, Nature [London] 338:658-662, 1989). We report here the pathway for the assembly of hexamers and double hexamers on the core origin. ATP triggers the cooperative assembly of hexamers on the early and late halves of the origin even when they are completely isolated. Hexamer assembly nucleates at T-antigen recognition pentanucleotides in the early half of the origin. In intact origins, assembly of the first hexamer on the early half of the origin cooperatively stimulates the assembly of a second hexamer on the adjacent late half of the origin. Thus, monomer-monomer and hexamer-hexamer interactions of T antigen, allosterically activated by ATP, constitute two distinct types of cooperative interaction with the origin. Finally, we show that the assembly of T-antigen hexamers on isolated half origins leads to the same array of structural changes that T antigen induces in intact origins. We conclude that the origin is divided into complementary halves that each promote the assembly of functional T-antigen hexamers.
Experimental investigation of intracavity stimulated Raman scattering conversion of ultrashort pulses in an actively mode-locked laser (1985)

An investigation was made of the energy and time characteristics of the radiation under conditions of intracavity stimulated Raman scattering (STRS) conversion in hydrogen using ultrashort pulses emitted by an actively mode-locked ruby laser. Dependences of the efficiency of conversion of the laser radiation to the first Stokes component on the hydrogen pressure and on the laser pumping rate were obtained. Both these dependences had a maximum. Time measurements demonstrated some narrowing of a single pulse of the first Stokes component and a decrease in the number of pulses in a train, compared with the laser radiation pulses.
STUDIES ON THE CRYSTALLINE LENS (1950)

RELATIVELY little is known about anabolic processes (synthesis) of various components of lens, although many studies have been made on breakdown of metabolites and a few on net degradation of some of its structural elements. Studies on metabolism of lens have been limited almost exclusively to catabolic reactions. To authors' knowledge, this is first quantitative study of synthesis of any lens component. The significance of synthetic processes in normal tissue physiology has been established in recent years by Schoenheimer and associates.1 By means of molecules labeled with different isotopes, these workers studied various separate and coupled chemical reactions occurring within tissues and evolved a new concept of the dynamic state of body constituents. In a book by this title, 1 Schoenheimer pointed out that all constituents of living matter whether functional or structural, of simple or complex constitution, are in a steady state