gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural, Electrical, and Ethanol-Sensing Properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>La</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>1-x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Nd</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>FeO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>3</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Nanoparticles (2014)

The nanocrystalline<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>La</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>1-x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Nd</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>FeO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>3</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.0</mml:mn></mml:math>) powders with orthorhombic perovskite phase were prepared by sol-gel method. The average crystallite sizes of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>La</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>1-x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Nd</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>FeO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>3</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>powders are about 20 nm. The resistance and gas-sensing properties of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>La</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>1-x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Nd</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>FeO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>3</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>based sensors were investigated in the temperature range from 160 to 300°C. The results demonstrated that the resistance and response of the perovskite thick films changed with the increase of Nd content.
Cyclooxygenase‐2‐positive macrophages infiltrate the Alzheimer’s disease brain and damage the blood–brain barrier (2002)

In both HIVE and AD, blood-borne activated monocyte/macrophages and lymphocytes appear to migrate through a disrupted blood-brain barrier. The lacunae around macrophages in amyloid-beta plaques but not in vessel walls are consistent with the ability of macrophages to phagocytize and clear amyloid-beta deposits in vitro.
Direct Association of Thioredoxin-1 (TRX) with Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF): Regulatory Role of TRX on MIF Internalization and Signaling (2009)

Thioredoxin-1 (TRX) is a small (14 kDa) multifunctional protein with the redox-active site Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a 12 kDa cytokine belonging to the TRX family. Historically, when we purified TRX from the supernatant of ATL-2 cells, a 12 kDa protein was identified along with TRX, which was later proved to be MIF. Here, we show that TRX and MIF form a complex in the cell and the culture supernatant of ATL-2 cells. Using a BIAcore assay, we confirmed that TRX has a specific affinity with MIF. We also found that extracellular MIF was more effectively internalized into the ATL-2 cells expressing TRX on the cell surface, than the Jurkat T cells which do not express surface TRX. Moreover, anti-TRX antibody blocked the MIF internalization, suggesting that the cell surface TRX is involved in MIF internalization into the cells. Furthermore, anti-TRX antibody inhibited MIF-mediated enhancement of TNF-alpha production from macrophage RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that the cell surface TRX serves as one of the MIF binding molecules or MIF receptor component and inhibits MIF-mediated inflammatory signals.
Silicones (2003)

Abstract Silicones are a class of materials with unique properties that make them useful in a variety of applications of commercial interest and support a thriving global industry. This article updates a comprehensive survey of the chemistry and technology of silicones last published in Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology in 1997. The update contains more than 235 references not cited in the previous version and includes literature published through 2001. A new section dealing with fiber finishing applications has been included in the current version. The review provides an excellent primary reference for this interesting area of chemistry and technology.
Reduce IC power consumption by &#x003E;10x with a green transistor? (2009)

Growing IC power use poses challenges for thermal management and electricity conservation. A low voltage green transistor could be the key to allowing more growth of microelectronics.
Fabrication of electrophoresis devices on quartz and glass substrates using a bonding with HF solution (2002)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) devices have been fabricated in a small size on quartz or glass substrates. To fabricate a quartz device, we developed a novel bonding method with HF solution. HF-bonding was carried out with 1% HF solution with a pressure of /spl sim/40 gf/cm/sup 2/. With an evaluation of the new bonding method, we confirm that the method ensures enough strength, air tightness and optical property. An advantage of this method is simplicity of bonding process in comparison with a conventional thermal bonding. Using the glass /spl mu/CE devices, we obtained the original device design and process procedure through our experiments. It was proved that /spl mu/CE chip permits to apply higher electric power in comparison with the conventional CE system. We show that our design permits to perform quantitative sample injection (several 10 pl or less), effective separation (the number of theoretical plates is over 2500) and high speed analysis (over 10 times as high as the conventional CE system). These features promise an advantage of /spl mu/CE devices over conventional analytical equipments.
Inhibitory Effect of Isoliquiritin, a Compound in Licorice Root, on Angiogenesis in Vivo and Tube Formation in Vitro. (1995)

A water extract of licorice root inhibits granuloma angiogenesis in adjuvant-induced chronic inflammation (Phytother. Res., 5, 195. 1991). The present study has investigated the effects of licorice-derived compounds on granuloma angiogenesis. Isoliquiritin (0.31-3.1 mg/kg), a licorice-derived flavonoid, inhibited the carmine content of granuloma tissue 50-fold greater than licorice extract. Glyeyrrhizin (20-80 mg/kg), a licorice-derived saponin, inhibited carmine content with a weak potency. The licorice extract (0.01-1 mg/ml) also inhibited tube formation from vascular endothelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. From the chemical structure-activities of used licorice-derived flavonoids (0.1-100 microM), their potencies for anti-tube formation were in the order isoliquiritigenin > isoliquiritin > liquiritigenin >> isoliquiritin-apioside. Glycyrrhizin (0.1-100 microM) and glycyrrhetinic acid (0.1-10 microM) increased tube formation. A glycyrrhizin (82 micrograms/ml)-induced increase in tube formation was inhibited by isoliquiritin. The combined effect of a mixture of 82 micrograms/ml glycyrrhizin and 4.2 micrograms/ml isoliquiritin, a similar concentration ratio to their yield ratio in the licorice extract, corresponded to the effect of 100 micrograms/ml extract. In conclusion, the anti-angiogenic effect of licorice extract depended on the anti-tube formation effect of isoliquiritin.
New Isothiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Reactivity, Physicochemical Properties and Pharmacological Activity (2006)

The synthesis and biological investigation of the series of amide and ester derivatives 10-20 of 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid 5 are presented. Because the amide series of 5-benzoylamino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid 2 has been studied extensively and from this series denotivir (vratizolin) 4 became the antiviral drug. The influence of exchanging the N-benzoyl for a N-(4-chlorobenzoyl) group at position 5 of the isothiazole ring on the pharmacological activity of 5-benzoylamino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid 2 derivatives is dealt with here. The effect of structure modifications in the carboxylic group of the 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid 5 series of derivatives on their biological activity is discussed. Some of the tested 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylamides revealed significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced edema and air-pouch inflammation tests. Physicochemical properties of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylisothiazolo[5,4-d]-4H-1,3-oxazin-4-one 6 are described. Its use in the synthesis of isothiazole derivatives and its reactivity are also presented.
Botulin toxin: a weapon in terrorism. (2004)

Clostridium botulinum, the causative agent of botulism is an anaerobic, spore forming gram-positive bacillus. C. botulinum causes three types of botulism; foodborne botulism, wound botulism, and infant botulism. Most strains of the bacterium produce a potent, muscle-paralyzing neurotoxin. Respiratory failure secondary to paralysis of the respiratory muscles can lead to death unless appropriate therapy is promptly initiated. Due to the severity and potency of this neurotoxin, its importance as a biological weapon is of major concern to public health officials.
Modal circuit decomposition of lossy multiconductor transmission lines (1996)

General multi-conductor transmission lines are investigated using modal analysis. This is performed by finding the solution to the telegrapher's equations for general impedance and admittance per unit length matrices Z and Y, respectively, and obtaining the transmission matrix in terms of Z and Y. Hence, the modal circuit is sought, resulting in a cascade of two n-port ideal transformers and n uncoupled transmission lines. A set of necessary and sufficient conditions are established and a construction method is given if the conditions are satisfied. It is shown that the modal circuit will always exist for general homogeneous constant parameters and for the nonhomogeneous case under the quasi-TEM assumption the existence depends on the geometry. The modal circuit is extended for frequency dependent parameters and a set of sufficient conditions are given.
Growth of crack-free, carbon-doped GaN and AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistor structures on Si (111) substrates by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy (2006)

The growth of C-doped GaN epilayers on p-Si (111) substrates by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy is reported. Highly insulating and crack-free 1.5-μm-thick C-doped GaN layers have been prepared using ionized methane as the dopant source. Using such a template, AlGaN∕GaN two-dimensional electron gas structures with a mobility of 1260cm2∕Vs for a sheet carrier density of 1.24×1013cm−2 have been achieved at room temperature. Fabricated devices demonstrated an excellent pinch-off characteristic as revealed by an on-to-off ratio higher than four orders of magnitudes and by very low leakage current (10μA∕mm at VDS=20V).
An investigation of the pharmacokinetics of topical terbinafine (LamisilR) 1% cream (1992)

Twenty human volunteers were entered into a study to investigate the pharmacokinetics of terbinafine 1% cream. Subjects were randomized to receive terbinafine 1% cream applied to the back on 1 day, or on 3, 5 or 7 consecutive days. Up to five sequential skin surface biopsies were taken at a site on the upper back at various time-points both during treatment, and following cessation of treatment. Terbinafine levels in these biopsies were analysed using HPLC. The study showed that increasing the number of applications from one to seven did not significantly increase the peak concentration (Cmax) in the stratum corneum. It did, however, increase the total amount of terbinafine found in the stratum corneum, resulting in terbinafine being detected for longer periods after cessation of therapy. Treatment for 7 days resulted in terbinafine still being detectable 7 days after cessation of therapy, when the terbinafine concentration was significantly higher than the known cidal concentrations for the common causative organisms of superficial dermatomycoses. This study indicates a significant potential for short-duration treatment with terbinafine (Lamisil) 1% cream in superficial dermatomycoses.
The Development of a Methodology for Examining the Process of Family Communication of Genetic Test Results (2010)

It is important to study communication processes in families where members are undergoing testing for genetic conditions because the information received from such testing is crucial not just to the individual concerned but also to other members of the biological family. This topic has received little research attention, in part because of the complexities of methodology required. In this paper we present the development of a method specifically designed for the examination of the content and process of communication of genetic information in families. The method aims to maximize ecological validity as far as is possible. We describe how participants and other family members are recruited and how data were collected. We outline three main data analytic strategies: a graphic to show how genetic information changes as it flows from clinic and through the family, an intensive qualitative analysis of the meaning and impact of the genetic information to different family members, and an informative genogram which plots key family dynamics. This method will be illustrated in relation to a study of ten family-groups where one individual has been found to carry a genetic mutation predisposing them to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.
Role of MMPs in orchestrating inflammatory response in human monocytes via a TREM-1-PI3K-NF-κB pathway (2012)

The MMPs constitute a family of endopeptidases that can cleavage extracellular proteins. They are involved in a number of events; some of these include inflammatory processes. One of its targets is the TREM-1, which has emerged as an important modulator of innate immune responses in mammals. This transmembrane glycoprotein possesses an Ig-like ectodomain readily shed by MMPs to generate sTREM-1. Whereas membrane-anchored TREM-1 amplifies inflammatory responses, sTREM-1 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Here we show that sustained cell surface expression of TREM-1 in human monocytes, through metalloproteinase inhibition, counteracts the well-characterized down-regulation of several proinflammatory cytokines during the ET time-frame, also known as M2 or alternative activation. In addition to the cytokines profile, other features of the ET phenotype were underdeveloped when TREM-1 was stabilized at the cell surface. These events were mediated by the signal transducers PI3Ks and Syk. We also show that sTREM-1 counteracts the proinflammatory response obtained by membrane TREM-1 stabilization but failed to induce ET on naïve human monocytes. As the sustained TREM-1 expression at the cell surface suffices to block the progress of a refractory state in human monocytes, our data indicate that TREM-1 and MMPs orchestrate an "adaptive" form of innate immunity by modulating the human monocytes response to endotoxin.
Studies of zinc diffusion in gallium arsenide by rapid thermal processing (1991)

Rapid thermal annealing has been used to diffuse Zn into GaAs from a thin film zinc silicate source prepared by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. For a diffusion temperature of 650 °C, comparisons were made with conventional, open-tube furnace annealing and the diffusivities were found to be similar, in contrast to previous experimental work. In the temperature range 650–750 °C, sharp zinc diffusion profiles are observed. Above 750 °C, kinks are seen in the diffusion profiles. These kinks are also observed when semi-insulating substrates are used instead of silicon doped n+ -substrates. Previously, we have introduced a zinc diffusion model based on the pairing of interstitial Zn with all acceptor species present during diffusion. The dominant species are found to be substitutional Zn and the gallium vacancy, where the concentration of the latter is a function of the background doping concentration. The results of this model are shown to agree with all of our experimental evidence and are also consistent with our experimental observation of two distinct activation energies for zinc diffusion into n+ -doped GaAs substrates, 1.1 eV and 2.6 eV for temperatures above and below ∼790 °C, respectively.
NOVEL HALOGENATION OF THIOPHENES WITH BENZENESELENINYL CHLORIDE AND ALUMINUM HALIDE (1990)

Abstract In the presence of aluminum halide, benzeneseleninyl chloride is an efficient Regioselective halogenating reagent for heterocyclic compounds such as thiophene, 2methylthiophene. 3-methylthiophene, 2,5-dimethylthiophene, and furan. In the case of pyrrole, no halogenated product was obtained. A plausible reaction mechanism involving a positive halogen intermediate is proposed.
Comparison of derivative spectrophotometric and liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of rofecoxib. (2004)

Two different UV spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of rofecoxib in bulk form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The first method, an UV spectrophotometric procedure, was based on the linear relationship between the rofecoxib concentration and the lambdamax amplitude at 279 nm. The second one, the first derivative spectrophotometry, was based on the linear relationship between the rofecoxib concentration and the first derivative amplitude at 228, 256 and 308 nm. Calibration curves were linear in the concentration range using peak to zero 1.5-35.0 microg x ml(-1). HPLC was carried out at 225 nm with a partisil 5 ODS (3) column and a mobile phase constituted of acetonitrile and water (50 :50 v/v). A linear range was found to be 0.05-35.0 microg x ml(-1). The developed methods were successfully applied for the assay of pharmaceutical dosage form. The statistics of the analytical data is also presented. The results obtained by first derivative spectrophotometry were compared with HPLC and no significant difference was found.
Automated Bathymetry Using an Autonomous Surface Craft (1996)

A prototype autonomous surface craft (ASC) has been developed at the MIT Sea Grant College Program's Autonomous Vehicles Laboratory to collect bathymetric data in littoral regions economically. Potential uses of this data include coastal surveys and monitoring, mine countermeasure operations, and physical and biological oceanography. This paper describes the ASC and presents field experiment results. For bathymetric data to be of value, the precise location of each data point must be known. To accomplish this, the ASC uses a differentially corrected GPS-based fuzzy guidance controller to track to and cross a series of transect-defining way-points. The fuzzy controller is programmed in C and downloaded to a small on-board computer for execution. The fuzzy controller was found to be relatively easy to develop (not requiring a complex mathematical model of the vehicle's dynamics), simple to tune, and robust to external disturbances. Field test results are presented and show that the guidance controller performed well on complex paths.
Gas Phase Composition Considerations in the Thermal Oxidation of Silicon in Cl‐H‐O Ambients (1977)

The improved electrical stability and accelerated growth kinetics of thermal grown in oxygen ambients containing and have been well documented, but the mechanisms of this improvement are still poorly understood. This paper presents calculations of equilibrium partial pressures of the possible gaseous species in the Cl‐H‐O system under thermal oxidation conditions. These results are correlated with published results on (i) oxidation kinetics; (ii) detrimental effects of water vapor in the growth ambient; and (iii) chlorine content in the as‐grown oxide.
The effects of load placement on the EMG activity of the low back muscles during load carrying by men and women (1987)

An electromyographic (EMG) study of the lumbar paraspinal muscles during load carrying was undertaken in a group of 24 healthy subjects, 12 male and 12 female. Two different magnitude loads (10% and 20% of the subject's body weight) and four different carrying positions were compared with walking without an external load. Results indicated changes in back muscle activity showing a significant interaction between load magnitude and carrying position. Compared to walking without an external load, lumbar paraspinal EMG activity showed slight decreases when loads were carried in a backpack position or in the hand ipsilateral to the muscle. EMG activity contralateral to the hand carrying the load was significantly increased. Significant increases occurred when loads were carried anterior to the chest with the arms and a significant difference was found between male and female subjects for this carrying position. These findings have implications for the selection of carrying methods.
First application of the HETPHEN concept to new heteroleptic bis(diimine) copper(i) complexes as sensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells (2013)

We report here the synthesis and full chemical and physical characterizations of the first stable heteroleptic copper(I)-bis(diimine) complexes designed for implementation in dye sensitized solar cells (DSC). Thanks to the HETPHEN concept, pure and stable heteroleptic copper(I) complexes were isolated. Anchorage of the sensitizers was provided by 2,2'-biquinoline-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (dcbqH2), while sterically challenged ligands 2,9-dimesityl-1,10-phenanthroline (L0) and N-hexyl-2,9-dimesityl-1,10-phenanthroline-[a:b]imidazo-(4'-dianisylaminophenyl) (L1) were used to complete the copper(I) coordination sphere. The resulting heteroleptic complexes C1 and C2 exhibit a broad MLCT transition spreading over a wide wavelength domain, especially when adsorbed onto nanoparticulate TiO2 photoanodes, providing a rather comprehensive visible light collection. The corresponding DSC were evaluated under AM 1.5 simulated solar light and rather weak performances were obtained owing to small J(sc) and V(oc). This is due to a combination of low extinction coefficient and poor driving forces for the various interfacial processes. However, significant improvements in the performances were monitored upon ageing in the dark, likely due to beneficial reorganization of the dye monolayers. The possibility to isolate stable asymmetric systems paves the way for structurally assisted photo-induced charge injection from the chemisorbed copper(i) based sensitizers into the conduction band of TiO2, through charge vectorialization.