gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus with central nervous system involvement (2000)

Symptoms originating from central nervous system (CNS) are frequently occuring in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Reliable diagnostic markers for this condition are presently lacking. Importantly, CNS involvement in lupus patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this retrospective evaluate was to study the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels in SLE patients with CNS involvement. 34 patients with SLE were hospitalized and investigated for the presence of CNS lupus. These patients were evaluated clinically and with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CSF analyses, as well as with neuropsychiatric tests. 13 patients were found to have CNS lupus whereas another four of the patients fulfilled the criteria for CNS involvement but were excluded from this group due to other causes of CNS involvement. Lastly, in 17 SLE cases, the diagnosis of CNS lupus could not be confirmed. CSF levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8, as well as the CSF/serum IL-6 ratio, were elevated in the CNS lupus group, compared with the 17 SLE patients not fullfilling a diagnosis of cerebral lupus. Interestingly, follow-up of five patients being successfully treated for CNS lupus revealed profound decrease of intrathecal IL-6 levels. These results indicate that analysis of CSF cytokine levels, especially IL-6 and IL-8, may be useful in the diagnostics and possibly follow-up of SLE patients with cerebral lupus.
Clinical and Genetic Features of Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections and Myelokathexis (WHIM) Syndrome (2011)

WHIM syndrome is a dominantly inherited primary immunodeficiency disorder representing the first identified example of human disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Pathogenesis is mediated by CXCR4 hyperfunction, leading to increased responsiveness to its unique ligand CXCL12 (also known as SDF-1). The altered CXCR4/CXCL12 interaction likely impairs cellular homeostasis and trafficking, resulting in immunological dysfunctions. The acronym WHIM resumes the main features of the syndrome: Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections and Myelokathexis, which is abnormal retention of mature neutrophils in the bone marrow. WHIM patients suffer from recurrent bacterial infections since childhood and manifest a specific susceptibility to HPV infections. Hematological findings include neutropenia, lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia. Because of the rarity of the disease and the heterogeneity in clinical presentation, diagnosis is often delayed. In the majority of patients, the phenotype is incomplete at the onset and WHIM syndrome is not suspected. Early identification may improve clinical and therapeutic management. Symptomatic treatments include G-CSF, substitutive immunoglobulins and antibiotic prophylaxis. A new therapeutic strategy might include the potent inhibitor of CXCR4 function plerixafor (Mozobil), as an agent specifically targeting the molecular defect in order to attenuate the phenotypic manifestations of the syndrome.
Study and Control of the Interfacial Mass Transfer of Resist Components in 193nm Immersion Lithography (2005)

The interfacial mass transfer issues of resist components in ArF immersion lithography were investigated both for topcoat resist system and for non-topcoat resist system. PAGs and photoacids are known for the major components that leach out from the resist to water and topcoat has been simply expected to shut off this leaching. In this study, topcoat layer was actually verified significantly to reduce the PAG leaching, but PAG (or photoacid) diffusion from the resist to topcoat was found as another issue. This resulted in T-top formation in the imaging due to the loss of photoacid nearby the resist surface caused by this diffusion. A material approach to reduce this interfacial diffusion was proposed through a thermodynamic consideration of the materials system. The free energy change for PAG-polymer solubilization is the key and the Solubility Parameter value was considered to represent a good measure of this free energy change. The experimental results well matched this analysis. On the other hand, a perfect suppression of the leaching without using topcoat would be more desirable if it is feasible. The influence of structural parameter of the resist component was investigated. The hydrophobicity of PAG was found to well correlate inversely to the leaching amount of the PAG into water, and thereby a technical guideline was obtained in designing resist materials to make them resistant to the leaching. By optimizing each resist component on this bases, we actually demonstrated a resist that showed the PAG leaching level reduced down to 10-13[mol/cm2], which we believe far below to what we are today with conventional dry resists. A resist sample was thus developed targeting the non-topcoat approach and was examined for its imaging performance with a realistic immersion lithography tool without using any topcoat. The resist actually showed good imaging results fully with the benefits that we expected with the immersion exposure.
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Stoichiometric and Nonstoichiometric Nickel Oxide (1967)

Electrical conductivity and emf measurements on polycrystalline , as functions of the partial pressure of oxygen, at temperatures ranging between 800° and 1100°C, are used to study some transport and thermodynamic properties of nearly stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric . Due to the localized character of electrons in ionic, hopping‐type semiconductors, results are discussed with a chemical approach, in terms of the dependence of the activation enthalpy for the electrical conductivity and of the activity coefficients of Ni3+ on the partial pressure of oxygen. A defect model for nonstoichiometric is given, which involves the presence of defect clusters (microdomains) with an inverse spinel structure. Furthermore, electrical conductivity results in nearly stoichiometric are presented and discussed, which show straightforward evidence of the influence of iron doping in the range 100–500 ppm on the "intrinsic" character of the electrical conductivity.
Communications design for Co-oP: a group decision support system (1986)

Decision Support Systems (DSSs), computer-based systems intended to assist managers in preparing and analyzing decisions, have been single-user systems for most of the past decade. Only recently has DSS research begun to study the implications of the fact that most complex managerial decisions involve multiple decision makers and analysts. A number of tools for facilitating group decisions have been proposed under the label Group Decision Support Systems (GDSSs). One of the most important functions of a GDSS is to provide problem-oriented services for communication among decision makers. On the basis of an analysis of the communication requirements in various group decision settings, this paper presents an architecture for defining and enforcing dynamic application-level protocols that organize decision group interaction. The architecture has been implemented on a network of personal computers in Co-oP, a GDSS for cooperative group decision making based on interactive, multiple-criteria decision methods.
Understanding Reactivity Patterns of Radical Cations (1997)

Abstract Over the last 15 years electron transfer activation has emerged as a valuable concept for accomplishing novel reactions and has found widespread application in the selective transformation of increasingly complex molecules. This review presents in a conceptualized manner the vast number of radical cation reactions obtained after chemical, electrochemical, and photoinduced one‐electron oxidation. To familiarize the reader with the concepts of electron transfer a simple and straightforward classification of radical cation reactions has been devised to allow the presentation of a manifold of reactions in a readily understandable manner. Whenever possible, thermochemical and kinetic data are provided.
Improvement of switching time in a thermocapillarity optical switch (2001)

The switching time of existing thermocapillarity optical switches is about two orders of magnitude larger than that of other optical switches, such as a thermooptics switch and a free-space switch using microelectromechanical system technology. This paper reports a thermocapillarity switch whose switching time is comparable to that of the thermooptics and free-space switches. The greatly improved switching time is achieved by lowering the absolute viscosity of the refractive-index matching liquid and improving the switch design.
The prognostic significance of p34cdc2 and cyclin D1 protein expression in prostate adenocarcinoma (1997)

p34cdc2 is expressed in a majority of PACs and correlates with high Gleason's grade, advanced pathologic stage, nondiploid DNA content, and metastases. On multivariate analyses high Gleason's grade and p34cdc2 immunoreactivity predict disease recurrence independently of the pathologic stage. Thus, p34cdc2 appears to play a critical role in the evolution, proliferation, and spread of PACs and may be of prognostic value when applied to initial prostate tissue samples taken by needle biopsy.
Investigation on reducing distortion by preheating during manufacture of aluminum components using selective laser melting (2013)

The additive manufacturing process selective laser melting (SLM) can be used to directly produce functional components made out of metal. During the construction process, however, thermally induced residual stress occurs due to the layered build-up and the local input of energy by means of a focused laser beam, which can lead to distortion of the component or sections of the component itself. Normally, distortion is prevented due to supporting structures between the component and the substrate plate. It is not always possible, however, to provide all the areas of a component with supporting structures or to remove them later, depending on how complex the geometry or how accessible the structures are. When the substrate plate is heated during the construction process, the distortion can be reduced or eliminated entirely. Nonetheless, a systematic investigation of the extent to which preheating influences distortion of aluminum components has not yet been conducted. This works aims at systematically investigating the effects of preheating during SLM of aluminum components and determining an appropriate preheating temperature at which distortion practically no longer occurs. A significant reduction in distortion compared to the distortion without preheating can be seen beginning at a preheating temperature of 150 °C. At a preheating temperature of 250 °C, distortion can no longer be detected within the scope of the measuring accuracy independent of the twin cantilever test geometry investigated. In addition to reducing distortion, the preheating avoids the stress-related cracks in the component, which can lead to tearing of the parts of the test geometry. With 90 HV 0.1 at a preheating temperature of 250 °C, the hardness is greater than the required minimum hardness according to DIN EN 1706 of die-cast parts from the material AlSi10Mg. From these results, it can be concluded that a preheating temperature of 250 °C is suitable for reliably manufacturing components made out of the material AlSi10Mg using SLM free of defects and for preventing distortion completely.
A Synthesis for Unsymmetrically Substituted Succinic Acids (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis for Unsymmetrically Substituted Succinic AcidsPeter A. S. Smith and Jerome P. HorwitzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 10, 3418–3419Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01178a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01178a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Clinical Characteristics and Utilization of Biochemical Markers in Acute Coronary Syndromes (2007)

### a. definition of terms

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)1 refers to a constellation of clinical symptoms caused by acute myocardial ischemia (1)(2). Owing to their higher risk for cardiac death or ischemic complications, patients with ACS must be identified among the estimated 8 million patients with nontraumatic chest symptoms presenting for emergency evaluation each year in the US (3). In practice, the terms suspected or possible ACS are often used by medical personnel early in the process of evaluation to describe patients for whom the symptom complex is consistent with ACS but the diagnosis has not yet been conclusively established (1).

Patients with ACS are subdivided into 2 major categories based on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) at presentation (Fig. 1⇓ ): those with new ST-segment …
Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of cyclin D1 nuclear export and cyclin D1–dependent cellular transformation (2000)

GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at Thr-286 promotes the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic redistribution of cyclin D1 during S phase of the cell cycle, but how phosphorylation regulates redistribution has not been resolved. For example, phosphorylation of nuclear cyclin D1 could increase its rate of nuclear export relative to nuclear import; alternatively, phosphorylation of cytoplasmic cyclin D1 by GSK-3beta could inhibit nuclear import. Here, we report that GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation promotes cyclin D1 nuclear export by facilitating the association of cyclin D1 with the nuclear exportin CRM1. D1-T286A, a cyclin D1 mutant that cannot be phosphorylated by GSK-3beta, remains nuclear throughout the cell cycle, a consequence of its reduced binding to CRM1. Constitutive overexpression of the nuclear cyclin D1-T286A in murine fibroblasts results in cellular transformation and promotes tumor growth in immune compromised mice. Thus, removal of cyclin D1 from the nucleus during S phase appears essential for regulated cell division.
Low delay audio compression using predictive coding (2002)

A low delay audio coding scheme for communications applications is proposed. Its compression ratio is comparable to current state-of-the-art audio coding schemes, but with a much lower delay. The source of delay in conventional audio coding are the filters for the subband coding, and the block switching of the filter bank. The block switching leads to high peaks in bit-rate which necessitates a large bit rate buffer to smooth the bit rate for a transmission channel. To avoid or reduce these delays, we replace the subband coding by predictive coding, and the hard switching of the filter bank by soft switching of the predictors. The overall delay becomes 6 ms at 32 kHz sampling rate. A subjective listening test with bit-rates around 64 kb/s for mono signals shows that the new scheme has a comparable quality to a conventional state-of-the-art coder (PAC).
Augmentation of autologous antibody to human melanoma following acid dissociation and ultrafiltration of serum. (1984)

Sera of 22 individuals were examined for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to autologous cultured tumor cells. Reactive native IgM was detected by immune adherence in four, and IgG by Protein A hemadsorption in five, sera. Direct and absorption testing of these reactive sera against a range of normal and neoplastic cells revealed one each with specificity for a highly restricted melanoma cell surface antigen and common tumor-associated antigen of melanoma. Given this low prevalence of antibody, we then tested whether IgG antibody might be retrieved from circulating immune complexes in melanoma patients' sera. Acidification and ultrafiltration of sera from seven patients have enhanced detectable IgG binding to autologous cultured melanoma in six. Characterization of one reactive autologous antibody has detected a common antigen in eight of nine melanoma lines tested. This antibody also detected two neuroblastomas, one of two glioblastomas, one of two sarcomas, and one of two breast carcinomas. The common melanoma antigen detected in these tests may be related to the neuroectodermal, oncofetal differentiation antigens described by others with autologous or allogeneic IgM. Autologous antitumor antibody in circulating immune complexes may provide a source of antibody for serodiagnostic and therapeutic applications relevant to treatment modalities, such as plasmapheresis and plasma perfusion over Protein A in melanoma and other cancers.
Comparison of Extraction Methods of Chitin from<i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>Mushroom Obtained in Submerged Culture (2014)

The chitin was isolated from the Ganoderma lucidum submerged cultures mycelium as potential source of chitin under biotechnological processes. The extraction of chitin was carried out through 5 different assays which involved mainly three phases: pulverization of the mushroom, deproteinization of the mycelia with NaOH solution, and a process of decolorization with potassium permanganate and oxalic acid. The chitin contents extracted from 9-day mycelia were 413, 339, 87, 78, and 144 mg/g(-1) (milligrams of chitin/grams of dry biomass) for A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5, respectively. Obtained chitin was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and by thermal analysis (TGA). The results showed that Ganoderma lucidum chitin has similar characteristic of chitin from different fonts. The advantage of the biotechnological processes and the fact that Ganoderma lucidum fungus may be used as a potential raw material for chitin production were demonstrated.
Connection between formation factor for electrical resistivity and fluid-solid coupling factor in Biot's equations for acoustic waves in fluid-filled porous media (1980)

Abstract The coefficient of inertial coupling between fluid and solid for elastic waves in fluid-filled porous media is shown to be equal to or greater than the porosity times the low-frequency electrical-resistivity formation factor, being equal to this product when effects of fluid viscosity are minimal, as they may be for high-frequency measurements on porous materials of high permeability and porosity. At sufficiently low frequencies, the coupling is due primarily to viscous forces. At intermediate frequencies, viscous forces increase inertial coupling, and inertial forces increase viscous coupling. Thus, porosity and formation factor measurements provide lower limits to coupling coefficients that can be used in the interpretation of acoustic data.
[Value of combined CT coronary angiography and adenosine stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy for diagnosis of coronary artery disease]. (2011)

Combination of CTCA and adenosine stress MPS, which provided both anatomical and functional information of coronary vessels, could significantly increase the specificity and PPV of diagnosing CAD with CTCA.
Neural regulation of respiration. Physiology and pathophysiology. (1992)

The central nervous system links the body's metabolic demands with the neuromuscular act of breathing. Automatic and voluntary control systems function together to adjust ventilation in response to chemical and somatic signals. Excitatory or inhibitory outputs from higher brain centers descend the spinal cord and influence the motoneurons to the respiratory muscles. Lesions at any level can disrupt the normal respiratory pattern and may or may not produce alveolar hypoventilation. Several neurologic diseases of importance in veterinary practice may affect the respiratory system. Ventilatory insufficiency tends to occur late in the progression of these disease. Prompt localization of the lesion and correction of the underlying dysfunction is often critical to patient survival.
Effects of ATP-induced leg vasodilation on V<scp>o</scp><sub>2 peak</sub>and leg O<sub>2</sub>extraction during maximal exercise in humans (2006)

During maximal whole body exercise VO2 peak is limited by O2 delivery. In turn, it is though that blood flow at near-maximal exercise must be restrained by the sympathetic nervous system to maintain mean arterial pressure. To determine whether enhancing vasodilation across the leg results in higher O2 delivery and leg VO2 during near-maximal and maximal exercise in humans, seven men performed two maximal incremental exercise tests on the cycle ergometer. In random order, one test was performed with and one without (control exercise) infusion of ATP (8 mg in 1 ml of isotonic saline solution) into the right femoral artery at a rate of 80 microg.kg body mass-1.min-1. During near-maximal exercise (92% of VO2 peak), the infusion of ATP increased leg vascular conductance (+43%, P<0.05), leg blood flow (+20%, 1.7 l/min, P<0.05), and leg O2 delivery (+20%, 0.3 l/min, P<0.05). No effects were observed on leg or systemic VO2. Leg O2 fractional extraction was decreased from 85+/-3 (control) to 78+/-4% (ATP) in the infused leg (P<0.05), while it remained unchanged in the left leg (84+/-2 and 83+/-2%; control and ATP; n=3). ATP infusion at maximal exercise increased leg vascular conductance by 17% (P<0.05), while leg blood flow tended to be elevated by 0.8 l/min (P=0.08). However, neither systemic nor leg peak VO2 values where enhanced due to a reduction of O2 extraction from 84+/-4 to 76+/-4%, in the control and ATP conditions, respectively (P<0.05). In summary, the VO2 of the skeletal muscles of the lower extremities is not enhanced by limb vasodilation at near-maximal or maximal exercise in humans. The fact that ATP infusion resulted in a reduction of O2 extraction across the exercising leg suggests a vasodilating effect of ATP on less-active muscle fibers and other noncontracting tissues and that under normal conditions these regions are under high vasoconstrictor influence to ensure the most efficient flow distribution of the available cardiac output to the most active muscle fibers of the exercising limb.
The Recognition of Adults' and Children's Facial Expressions of Emotions (1987)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the recognition performance of children who identified facial expressions of emotions using adults' and children's stimuli. The subjects were 60 children equally distributed in six subgroups as a function of sex and three age levels: 5, 7, and 9 years. They had to identify the emotion that was expressed in 48 stimuli (24 adults' and 24 children's expressions) illustrating six emotions: happiness, surprise, fear, disgust, anger, and sadness. The task of the children consisted of selecting the facial stimulus that best matched a short story that clearly described an emotional situation. The results indicated that recognition performances were significantly affected by the age of the subjects: 5-year-olds were less accurate than 7- and 9-year-olds who did not differ among themselves. There were also differences in recognition levels between emotions. No effects related to the sex of the subjects and to the age of the facial stimuli were observed.