gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Sensor Design of Torque Controlled Actuators: A Comparison Study of Strain Gauge and Encoder-Based Principles (2017)

Joint torque sensing represents one of the foundations and vital components of modern robotic systems that target to match closely the physical interaction performance of biological systems through the realization of torque controlled actuators. However, despite decades of studies on the development of different torque sensors, the design of accurate and reliable torque sensors still remains challenging for the majority of the robotics community preventing the use of the technology. This letter proposes and evaluates two joint torque sensing elements based on strain gauge and deflection-encoder principles. The two designs are elaborated and their performance from different perspectives and practical factors are evaluated including resolution, nonaxial moments load crosstalk, torque ripple rejection, bandwidth, noise/residual offset level, and thermal/time dependent signal drift. The letter reveals the practical details and the pros and cons of each sensor principle providing valuable contributions into the field toward the realization of higher fidelity joint torque sensing performance.
A synthetic aperture study of aperture size in the presence of noise and in vivo clutter (2013)

Conventional wisdom in ultrasonic array design drives development towards larger arrays because of the inverse relationship between aperture size and resolution. We propose a method using synthetic aperture beamforming to study image quality as a function of aperture size in simulation, in a phantom and <i>in vivo</i>. A single data acquisition can be beamformed to produce matched images with a range of aperture sizes, even in the presence of target motion. In this framework we evaluate the reliability of typical image quality metrics – speckle signal-tonoise ratio, contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio – for use in <i>in vivo</i> studies. Phantom and simulation studies are in good agreement in that there exists a point of diminishing returns in image quality at larger aperture sizes. We demonstrate challenges in applying and interpreting these metrics <i>in vivo</i>, showing results in hypoechoic vasculature regions. We explore the use of speckle brightness to describe image quality in the presence of <i>in vivo</i> clutter and underlying tissue inhomogeneities.
Fluorescent probes and bioimaging: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and pH (2014)

All living species and life forms have an absolute requirement for bio-functional metals and acid-base equilibrium chemistry owing to the critical roles they play in biological processes. Hence, a great need exists for efficient methods to detect and monitor biometals and acids. In the last few years, great attention has been paid to the development of organic molecule based fluorescent chemosensors. The availability of new synthetic fluorescent probes has made fluorescence microscopy an indispensable tool for tracing biologically important molecules and in the area of clinical diagnostics. This review highlights the recent advances that have been made in the design and bioimaging applications of fluorescent probes for alkali metals and alkaline earth metal cations, including lithium, sodium and potassium, magnesium and calcium, and for pH determination within biological systems.
Benzene and multiple myeloma: appraisal of the scientific evidence. (1999)

C ANCER PATIENTS OFTEN ask their physician whether there are any factors in their family history, life style, or work environment that might have increased the risk of developing their type of tumor. When clinicians consult the literature about oncology, toxicology, and epidemiology for answers to
Selective and Orally Bioavailable Phenylglycine Tissue Factor/Factor VIIa Inhibitors. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A novel and facile reaction to<i>N</i><sup>6</sup>‐alkylated adenosine<i>via</i>benzotriazole as a synthetic auxiliary (2000)

Abstract The reaction of benzotriazole with aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic aldehyde and adenosine leads to a benzotriazole adduct which is reduced with sodium borohydride to the corresponding N 6 ‐alkylated adenosine derivatives. This procedure is also utilized in a new route to N 6 ‐(3‐iodobenzyl)adenosine‐5′‐ N ‐methyluronamide (IB‐MECA) which is considered an important adenosine agonist at A 3 adenosine receptors.
Boronic acid functionalized graphene quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for selective and sensitive glucose determination in microdialysate (2013)

3-Aminobenzeneboronic acid functionalized graphene quantum dots (APBA-GQDs) were synthesized and used as a selective and sensitive sensing system for glucose. Combined with microdialysis, glucose was monitored successfully in vivo in the striatum of rat.
Optical Computing: A 60-Year Adventure (2010)

Optical computing is a very interesting 60-year old field of research. This paper gives a brief historical review of the life of optical computing from the early days until today. Optical computing generated a lot of enthusiasm in the sixties with major breakthroughs opening a large number of perspectives. The period between 1980 and 2000 could be called the golden age with numerous new technologies and innovating optical processors designed and constructed for real applications. Today the field of optical computing is not ready to die, it has evolved and its results benefit to new research topics such as nanooptics, biophotonics, or communication systems.
AMPK in the brain: its roles in energy balance and neuroprotection (2009)

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) senses metabolic stress and integrates diverse physiological signals to restore energy balance. Multiple functions are indicated for AMPK in the CNS. While all neurons sense their own energy status, some integrate neuro-humoral signals to assess organismal energy balance. A variety of disease states may involve AMPK, so determining the underlying mechanisms is important. We review the impact of altered AMPK activity under physiological (hunger, satiety) and pathophysiological (stroke) conditions, as well as therapeutic manipulations of AMPK that may improve energy balance.
A 300–800 MHz tunable filter and linearized LNA applied in a low-noise harmonic-rejection RF sampling receiver (2010)

Abstract—A multiband flexible RF-sampling receiver aimed at software-defined radio is presented. The wideband RF sam-pling function is enabled by a recently proposed discrete-time mixing downconverter. This work exploits a voltage-sensing LNA preceded by a tunable LC pre-filter with one external coil to demonstrate an RF-sampling receiver with low noise figure (NF) and high harmonic rejection (HR). The second-order LC filter provides voltage pre-gain and attenuates the source noise aliasing, and it also improves the HR ratio of the sampling downconverter. The LNA consists of a simple amplifier topology built from in-verters and resistors to improve the third-order nonlinearity via an enhanced voltage mirror technique. The RF-sampling receiver employs 8 times oversampling covering 300 to 800 MHz in two RF sub-bands. The chip is realized in 65 nm CMOS and the measured gain across the band is between 22 and 28 dB, while achieving a NF between 0.8 to 4.3 dB. The IIP2 varies between 38 and 49 dBm and the IIP3 between 14 dBm and 9 dBm, and the third and fifth order HR ratios are more than 60 dB. The LNA and downconverter consumes 6 mW, and the clock generator takes 12 mW at 800 MHz RF. Index Terms—Aliasing, amplifier, anti-aliasing, CMOS, cogni-
Sunscreen protection against UVB, UVA and blue light: an in vivo and in vitro comparison (1991)

The photoprotection against UVB, UVA and blue light provided by a widely prescribed sunscreen (RoC 15+ A+B) was compared with two new products containing microfine titanium dioxide (Sun E45 lotion SPF 15 and Sun E45 cream SPF 25) [corrected]. Comparisons were made in vivo using photosensitive patients with either chronic actinic dermatitis or erythropoietic protoporphyria, and in vitro using a newly developed spectrophotometric assay. Good agreement was obtained between the in-vivo and in-vitro methods at each waveband. All products showed high protection against UVB radiation, but the products containing microfine titanium dioxide showed significantly higher protection against both UVA and blue light than RoC 15+ A+B. Products containing microfine titanium dioxide are likely to offer superior photoprotection in those patients who are abnormally sensitive to long wavelength ultraviolet radiation than products which are currently available on prescription.
Oxidation of Methylboranes at 77-170°K. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Methylboranes at 77-170°K.L. Parts and John T. Miller Jr.Cite this: Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 11, 1483–1486Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50021a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50021a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identifying Beneficial Qualities of <i>Trichoderma parareesei</i> for Plants (2014)

Trichoderma parareesei and Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina) produce cellulases and xylanases of industrial interest. Here, the anamorphic strain T6 (formerly T. reesei) has been identified as T. parareesei, showing biocontrol potential against fungal and oomycete phytopathogens and enhanced hyphal growth in the presence of tomato exudates or plant cell wall polymers in in vitro assays. A Trichoderma microarray was used to examine the transcriptomic changes in T6 at 20 h of interaction with tomato plants. Out of a total 34,138 Trichoderma probe sets deposited on the microarray, 250 showed a significant change of at least 2-fold in expression in the presence of tomato plants, with most of them being downregulated. T. parareesei T6 exerted beneficial effects on tomato plants in terms of seedling lateral root development, and in adult plants it improved defense against Botrytis cinerea and growth promotion under salt stress. Time course expression patterns (0 to 6 days) observed for defense-related genes suggest that T6 was able to prime defense responses in the tomato plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Such responses undulated, with a maximum upregulation of the jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)-related LOX1 and EIN2 genes and the salt tolerance SOS1 gene at 24 h and that of the salicylic acid (SA)-related PR-1 gene at 48 h after T6 inoculation. Our study demonstrates that the T. parareesei T6-tomato interaction is beneficial to both partners.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO HUMAN PLASMA GELSOLIN (1992)

Human plasma gelsolin was purified by column chromatography. The method yielded a protein of high purity and activity. Using this protein, we produced monoclonal antibody (Mab H6B11) against human plasma gelsolin by somatic cell fusion. This monoclonal antibody reacted in a dose-dependent manner with gelsolin derived from human plasma and platelets and neutralized depolymerizing activity to F-actin. It differed from the commercially available substance (Mab G4896; Sigma) in that the time required for the reaction between the antigen and antibody in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay could be shortened by one-third. The antibody was judged to be useful in assays for elucidating the physiological role of plasma gelsolin.
Complete nucleotide sequence, molecular analysis and genome structure of bacteriophage A118 of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> : implications for phage evolution (2000)

A118 is a temperate phage isolated from Listeria monocytogenes. In this study, we report the entire nucleotide sequence and structural analysis of its 40 834 bp DNA. Electron microscopic and enzymatic analyses revealed that the A118 genome is a linear, circularly permuted, terminally redundant collection of double-stranded DNA molecules. No evidence for cohesive ends or for a terminase recognition (pac) site could be obtained, suggesting that A118 viral DNA is packaged via a headful mechanism. Partial denaturation mapping of DNA cross-linked to the tail shaft indicated that DNA packaging proceeds from left to right with respect to the arbitrary genomic map and the direction of genes necessary for lytic development. Seventy-two open reading frames (ORFs) were identified on the A118 genome, which are apparently organized in a life cycle-specific manner into at least three major transcriptional units. N-terminal amino acid sequencing, bioinformatic analyses and functional characterizations enabled the assignment of possible functions to 26 ORFs, which included DNA packaging proteins, morphopoetic proteins, lysis components, lysogeny control-associated functions and proteins necessary for DNA recombination, modification and replication. Comparative analysis of the A118 genome structure with other bacteriophages revealed local, but sometimes extensive, similarities to a number of phages spanning a broader phylogenetic range of various low G+C host bacteria, which implies relatively recent exchange of genes or genetic modules. We have also identified the A118 attachment site attP and the corresponding attB in Listeria monocytogenes, and show that site-specific integration of the A118 prophage by the A118 integrase occurs into a host gene homologous to comK of Bacillus subtilis, an autoregulatory gene specifying the major competence transcription factor.
The feathertop problem in Mitchell grass pastures (1980)

Seeds of Aristida latifolia (feathertop grass) in Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) pastures are the main cause of vegetable fault in wool from sheep grazing these areas. High stocking rates, particularly when the plants were young, reduced the build up of A. latifolia to only 4 000 plants compared with 35 000 in an adjacent field at low stocking rate. Control of A. latifolia by management strategies, (heavy grazing followed by pasture recovery in the wet season) is recommended.
Modeling of reheating-furnace dynamics using neural network based on improved sequential-learning algorithm (2006)

In order to model the dynamics of a billet reheating furnace, a multi-input multi-output radial-basis-function neural network is constructed based on an improved sequential-learning algorithm. The algorithm employs an improved growing-and-pruning algorithm based on the concept of the significance of hidden neurons, and an extended Kalman filter improves the learning accuracy. Verification results show that the model thus obtained accurately predicts the temperatures of the various zones of the furnace
Influence of an algal triacylglycerol containing docosahexaenoic acid (22:6<i>n</i>-3) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5<i>n</i>-6) on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women (2006)

The intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA, including DHA (22 : 6n-3), is associated with a reduced risk of CVD. Schizochytrium sp. are an important primary source of DHA in the marine food chain but they also provide substantial quantities of the n-6 PUFA docosapentaenoic acid (22 : 5n-6; DPA). The effect of this oil on cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated using a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled parallel-design trial in thirty-nine men and forty women. Subjects received 4 g oil/d for 4 weeks; the active treatment provided 1.5 g DHA and 0.6 g DPA. Active treatment increased plasma concentrations of arachidonic acid, adrenic acid, DPA and DHA by 21, 11, 11 and 88 mg/l respectively and the proportions of DPA and DHA in erythrocyte phospholipids by 78 and 27 % respectively. Serum total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol increased by 0.33 mmol/l (7.3 %), 0.26 mmol/l (10.4 %) and 0.14 mmol/l (9.0 %) compared with placebo (all P < or =0.001). Factor VII (FVII) coagulant activity increased by 12 % following active treatment (P = 0.006). There were no significant differences between treatments in LDL size, blood pressure, plasma glucose, serum C-reactive protein, plasma FVII antigen, FVII activated, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, tocopherol or carotenoid concentrations, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, creatine kinase or troponin-I activities, haematology or liver function tests or self-reported adverse effects. Overall, the oil was well tolerated and did not adversely affect cardiovascular risk.
A-SOFT-AES: Self-adaptive software-implemented fault-tolerance for AES (2013)

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is one of the most widespread encryption techniques used by millions of users worldwide. Although AES was designed to withstand linear or differential attacks, the security of encrypted messages is not guaranteed. Bit flips occurring during the encryption due to runtime failures or purposely invoked by an attacker are a major security concern and can significantly jeopardize integrity, privacy, and confidentiality and hence the security of the system. Therefore, techniques to increase the reliability (fault-tolerance) and with it the security of cryptographic systems are necessary. This work proposes a self-adaptive software-implemented fault-tolerance methodology for AES (A-SOFT-AES) to enhance its fault-tolerance. This technique is based on a pool of software-implemented fault-tolerance techniques out of which it dynamically chooses the best one in terms of performance, cost, and fault-tolerance for a wide range of fault rates. Therefore, it provides superior flexibility over classic hardware-based implementations.
Electrical stability during vibration and electromagnetic pulse survivability of silver-plated glass bead filled EMI shielding gaskets (2003)

Commercial sources of conductive silicone gaskets for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding filled with silver-plated glass microspheres were highly stable under conditions of severe vibration and intense simulated electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The results are in contrast to data published by C.H. Kuist (1977) and may demonstrate a considerable advancement in EMI gasket and conductive filler manufacturing technologies. The data showed there is no longer reason for concern over vibration and EMP stabilities of silver-glass gaskets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Treatment of chronic iron overload. (1991)

The clinical features and therapy of chronic iron overload are reviewed. Chronic iron overload is classified as primary or secondary hemochromatosis. In primary hemochromatosis a genetic defect in iron metabolism results in increased absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract. The excess iron in secondary hemochromatosis may be derived from increased gastrointestinal absorption due to ineffective erythropoiesis or from medicinal, dietary, or transfusional sources. Phlebotomy is the treatment of choice in patients with primary hemochromatosis. Iron chelation therapy is indicated in patients who are not candidates for phlebotomy. Deferoxamine mesylate, the only commercially available iron chelator, is usually administered subcutaneously or intravenously over 10-12 hours/day. Serum ferritin concentrations are measured every three to six months to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. The adverse effects of deferoxamine include local skin reactions, ototoxicity, cataracts, growth impairment, and increased susceptibility to infectious organisms. Patient compliance may be compromised by the routes of administration and cost of deferoxamine. Early detection and prompt treatment are necessary to prevent organ damage. Phlebotomy and iron chelation therapy are effective in the treatment of chronic iron overload.
Human tumor xenografts transplanted under the renal capsule of conventional mice. Growth rates and host immune response (1984)

The growth of 29 different human tumor lines under the renal capsule of immunocompetent mice was investigated. The tumors, previously established in athymic mice, included malignant melanomas, colon carcinomas, soft-tissue sarcomas, lung cancers and a mammary carcinoma. The growth rates of 17 tumors, measured repeatedly over a period of several years, were highly reproducible. The different grafts exhibited distinctly different and individual growth rates for up to 6 days. In animals pretreated with an immunosuppressive dose of cyclophosphamide, the growth rate was the same as in non-pretreated animals, but the growth continued for several more days. In the case of 9 different grafts, the subrenal growth rates were compared with those observed when the same tumors were growing subcutaneously in athymic, nude mice. The relative growth rates of the different tumors were practically the same in the two systems. The results indicate that the growth conditions under the renal capsule permit the grafts to express their inherent growth potentials and that the subrenal grafts do not represent a selected sub-population of the tumor cells. The extent of infiltration of the grafts by mouse inflammatory cells was measured by flow cytometry on single-cell suspension as well as by quantitative analysis of serial histological sections. In most cases the mouse cells occupied 15-25% of the total graft volume on day 6. The results indicate that the effect of mouse cell infiltration on the growth of established tumor lines is slight and that it is unnecessary to use athymic mice as host animals when testing new investigational drugs by the SRC assay. The use of established tumor lines in the SRC assay in immunocompetent mice may be useful also in the study of factors influencing the anti-cancer activity of current drugs.
ISAR echoes coherent processing and imaging using PSO-based adaptive joint time-frequency method (2011)

In most cases, the ISAR raw data is usually not coherent because it is difficult to tracking the target center precisely. The non-coherent echoes would make the reconstruction of focused ISAR images difficult. In this paper, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based adaptive joint time-frequency (AJTF) method is proposed for ISAR echoes coherent processing and imaging. The method can estimate the compensated phase precisely without heavy computational burden. Simulated and measured real data show that the method can significantly improve the distorted ISAR image and be suitable for real-time imaging.