gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel DNA rearrangements are associated with dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification. (1984)

We have employed the technique of chromosome "walking" to determine the structure of 240 kilobases of amplified DNA surrounding the dihydrofolate reductase gene in methotrexate-resistant mouse cell lines. Within this region, we have found numerous DNA rearrangements which occurred during the amplification process. DNA subclones from regions flanking the dihydrofolate reductase gene were also utilized as hybridization probes in other cell lines. Our results show that: 1) amplification-specific DNA rearrangements or junctions are unique to each cell line; 2) within a given cell line, multiple amplification-specific DNA sequence rearrangements are found; 3) the degree of amplification of sequences flanking the dihydrofolate reductase gene shows quantitative variation among and within cell lines; and 4) both the arrangement of amplified sequences as well as the magnitude of gene amplification may vary with prolonged culture even under maintenance selection conditions. These studies indicate that there is no static repetitive unit amplified in these cells. Rather, a dynamic and complex arrangement of the amplified sequences exists which is continually changing.
Oleamide Potentiates Benzodiazepine-Sensitive gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Activity but Does Not Alter Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration (1998)

A naturally occurring brain lipid, cis-9,10-octadeceamideoleamide (OA), is found in increased concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of sleep-deprived cats, which suggests that it may be an endogenous sleep-inducing substance. We studied the effects of this fatty-acid derivative on the function of cloned gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Oocytes were injected with cRNA synthesized in vitro to express simple GABAA receptors (alpha 1 beta 1, alpha 3 beta 1, alpha 5 beta 1, and alpha 1 beta 2 subunit combinations) and receptors in which the GABA-induced chloride currents were potentiated in the presence of benzodiazepines (alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2s and alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2s subunit combinations). OA only produced significant potentiation of the peak Cl- current when applied with GABA to benzodiazepine-sensitive GABAA receptors. The peak currents of the simple GABAA receptors in the presence of OA were either unaffected or slightly inhibited by OA, but the overall mean currents were not significantly altered. Oleic acid was also capable of potentiating benzodiazepine-sensitive GABAA receptor function. The function of other ligand-gated ion channels, such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR1 + NR2A or 2C) and the 5-HT3 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes, were unaffected by OA. Sprague-Dawley rats receiving intraperitoneal injections of oleamide (10, 20, or 100 mg/kg) showed no change in the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of desflurane required to abolish movement in response to noxious (tail clamp) stimulation (control MAC 6.48% +/- 1.28% atm; 100 mg/kg OA MAC 7.05% +/- 0.42% atm). These results reinforce the view that oleyl compounds may be natural modulators of inhibitory ion channel function, but that these effects contribute little to the central nervous system depression produced by volatile anesthetics as measured by MAC. Implications: The putative sleep-inducing substance, oleamide, potentiates benzodiazepinesensitive gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor function but does not alter desflurane minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration in rats. (Anesth Analg 1998;86:1294-300)
Directions for development of the field of electroactive polymer (EAP) (2011)

In last few years, the rate of development and advances in the field of EAP has accelerated significantly and it is increasingly getting closer to the point of finding them used in commercial products. Substantial development has been reported in the understanding of their drive mechanisms and the parameters that control their electro-activation behavior. Further, efforts are being made to develop mass production techniques with greatly improved actuation capability and operation durability. The recent efforts to develop energy harvesting techniques, haptic interfacing (including refreshable braille displays), and toys are further increasing the likelihood of finding niches for these materials. In this paper, the author sought to examine the potential directions for the future development of the field of EAP in relation to the state-of-the-art.
ChemInform Abstract: The Selective Protection of Amino Functions in Aminoglycosides: A Review of Possible Approaches. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of microfluidic devices for biomedical and clinical application (2010)

Abstract This review focuses on the development and use of microfluidic devices within a clinical setting. The underlying theoretical background of microfluidics is briefly elucidated. The materials and techniques used to fabricate the devices and their applicability to the clinical environment are described. The current research in this area is appraised and projections for future applications are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Backside and edge cleaning of III&#x2013;V on Si wafers for contamination free manufacturing (2015)

III-V on Silicon epitaxial wafers are typically contaminated with residual III-V materials on the backside, bevel and front side exclusion zone. This contamination poses a risk for device manufacturing. The level of contamination can vary from trace to gross, depending on the epitaxial deposition process and method of backside wafer surface protection. Even when the backside surface is well protected and cleaned, trace amounts of III-V material including arsenic can still be detected. Wet clean methods usually use acid chemistries and if not optimized may involve significant chemical cost, safety risks, and contamination issues. Wafer backside and edge cleaning processes, employed to remove residual III-V material need to be designed for robust performance with a wide range of deposited materials and repeatable results in order to ensure contamination free manufacturing at subsequent steps of the fabrication flow.
Life on the Outside: The Rescue of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> from Its Host Cell (2010)

For over seven decades, Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of human Q fever, has been considered a prototypical obligate intracellular bacterium that relies exclusively on a eukaryotic cell for growth. Intracellularly, the organism prospers in an acidified, phagolysosome-like vacuole. C. burnetii has evolved to replicate in this harsh compartment by a mechanism involving acid activation of metabolism. The ?2 Mb genome of C. burnetii is about twice the size of genomes of most obligate intracellular bacteria, and the organism's central metabolic pathways are largely intact. The absence of extensive genome reduction suggests the adaptation of C. burnetii to an obligate intracellular lifestyle is a recent evolutionary event. Indeed, insight from early work on C. burnetii metabolism, along with new information gained from metabolic pathway reconstructions, nutrient typing, and expression profiling, allowed the rescue of C. burnetii from its host cell to regain the axenic growth capacity of its ancestors. This advance removes the extensive experimental obstacles associated with intracellular obligatism and opens the door for a renaissance in C. burnetii research.
MRI: Model-Based Radio Interpolation for Indoor War-Walking (2014)

Location estimation methods using radio fingerprint have been studied extensively. The approach constructs a database that associates ambient radio signals with physical locations in training phase, and then estimates the location by finding the most similar signal pattern within the database. To achieve robust and accurate location estimation, the training phase should be conducted across the entire target space. In practice, however, a user may only access limited or authorized places in a building, that causes degradation in accuracy. In this paper, we present a smartphone-based autonomous indoor war-walking scheme, which automatically constructs the location fingerprint database, even covering unvisited locations. While a smartphone user explores the target area, the proposed system tracks the user's trajectory and simultaneously trains the location fingerprint database. Furthermore, our scheme interpolates radio signals in the database with an appropriate radio propagation model, and supplements fingerprints for unvisited places. As a result, although a user may sparsely explore the target site, the scheme returns the complete database. We implemented our solution and demonstrated the feasibility of the solution.
Factors Affecting the Deposition of Aerosolized Insulin (2001)

The inhalation of insulin for absorption into the bloodstream via the lung seems to be a promising technique for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. A fundamental issue to be resolved in the development of such insulin aerosol delivery systems is their efficiency (measured, for example, in terms of the amount of insulin absorbed in the blood compared to the total amount loaded into an inhalation device). A primary factor that could cause inefficiency of insulin absorption is deposition in the nonalveolated airways with subsequent removal from the lung via mucociliary clearance. Thus, a better understanding of the spatial distribution of insulin particle deposition in the lung can give guidance to the optimization of inhalation therapy. A mathematical model was used to study factors affecting the disposition of aerosolized insulin. The model calculates the trajectories of inhaled particles in the lung and has been validated by data from human subject experiments. Computer simulations were performed describing a wide range of patient breathing maneuvers. The results indicate significant variations in particle deposition patterns within lungs for different tidal volumes, inspiratory flow rates, and breath hold times. These findings indicate that particle sizes and ventilatory parameters are significant factors determining locations of particle deposition within human lungs, and thus the absorption of insulin into the blood stream via alveloated airways. Mathematical modeling is a valuable technique to complement clinical studies in the targeted delivery of inhaled insulin.
Evolution of GaSb epitaxy on GaAs(001)-<i>c</i>(4×4) (1996)

The growth of GaSb films by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(001)-c(4×4) at 490 °C has been studied in situ with scanning tunneling microscopy and ex situ with transmission electron microscopy. As the film is deposited, four distinct growth regimes are observed: the first two monolayers grow layer by layer with platelet-like two-dimensional (2D) islands; the next monolayer forms coherently strained three-dimensional (3D) quantum dots; further deposition induces film relaxation and rough 3D growth; for film thicknesses ≳100 nm the growth is again 2D, proceeding via spiral growth around emerging threading dislocations. The atomic-scale mechanisms inherent in the transitions between the growth regimes are discussed. Variations in growth procedures aimed at improving the quantum dot uniformity and reducing the dislocation density are proposed.
Electrical properties of single-wall carbon nanotube and epoxy composites (2003)

The homogeneous composites of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) and Stycast 1266 epoxy were made with the nanotube concentrations of 0.01–0.21 wt % by using a high frequency sonication method. Direct current conductivities of various mass fractions show typical percolation behavior and the percolation threshold pc is found to be 0.074 wt % and the conductivity exponent t is estimated as 1.3±0.2. The anomalously small pc is attributed to the large aspect ratio of the nanotubes. Dielectric measurement was performed at temperatures 220–300 K with the frequency range of 20 Hz–1 MHz. There appeared different dielectric aspects according to the mass fractions p≪pc, p∼pc, or p&gt;pc. The dielectric relaxation of epoxy dominates at low concentrations (p≪pc), while at high concentrations (p&gt;pc) we found a scaling property in the frequency dependence of loss tangent. The scaled loss tangent spectra show a Debye type relaxation. Near the percolation threshold (p∼pc), the composites show peaks in the frequency dependence of the imaginary part of their electric moduli. Log–log plots of ac conductivity versus frequency for the midrange (p∼pc) composites exhibit the scaling and universal behavior regardless of temperature and mass fraction of SWNT.
Face Recognition and Gender determination (1995)

The system presented here is a specialized version of a general object recognition system. Images of faces are represented as graphs, labeled with topographical information and local templates. Different poses are represented by different graphs. New graphs of faces are generated by an elastic graph matching procedure comparing the new face with a set of precomputed graphs: the &quot;general face knowledge&quot;. The final phase of the matching process can be used to generate composite images of faces and to determine certain features represented in the general face knowledge, such as gender or the presence of glasses or a beard. The graphs can be compared by a similarity function which makes the system efficient in recognizing faces. 1 Introduction Face recognition systems can be subdivided into two main categories [1] depending on the nature of the coding of an input picture and its processing. Schemes that use pixels (grey-level values) as the basis for their coding and various forms of sta...
Footprint-based personal recognition (2000)

This paper proposes a new method of personal recognition based on footprints. In this method, an input pair of raw footprints is normalized, both in direction and in position for robustness image-matching between the input pair of footprints and the pair of registered footprints. In addition to the Euclidean distance between them, the geometric information of the input footprint is used prior to the normalization, i.e., directional and positional information. In the experiment, the pressure distribution of the footprint was measured with a pressure-sensing mat. Ten volunteers contributed footprints for testing the proposed method. The recognition rate was 30.45% without any normalization (i.e., raw image), and 85.00% with our method.
Satellite solar wireless power transfer for baseload ground supply: clean energy for the future (2018)

Many factors are influencing the acceptability of energy technology. The transformation of the energy sector is looking for clean energy technology that is also suitable for baseload power generation. Terrestrial solar energy has many obstructions, so solar power from space without any hindrance has higher priority for adoption, and it is suitable for future energy continuous demand supply. As technology is advancing, the possibility of satellite solar-based power station is more than a science fiction now and is possible in the coming future. Microwave transmission with high beam efficiency is the key issue to be improved for the feasibility of satellite solar power station. Besides others, research should focus on the reduction of space segment’s components dimension and space vehicle dispatch cost. Concerning space segments, applying an optimized value of fractional power unit modules and assembling it for constant baseload power supply have economic advantages, as well as that the antenna size is also reduced. This work deals with system components size estimation and optimization for a selected 10-GW baseload power supply. Four case studies have been conducted considering the different unit sizes, and the system model is analyzed for suitable power unit selection.
Fast inference of Boosted Decision Trees in FPGAs for particle physics (2020)

We describe the implementation of Boosted Decision Trees in the hls4ml library, which allows the translation of a trained model into FPGA firmware through an automated conversion process. Thanks to its fully on-chip implementation, hls4ml performs inference of Boosted Decision Tree models with extremely low latency. With a typical latency less than 100 ns, this solution is suitable for FPGA-based real-time processing, such as in the Level-1 Trigger system of a collider experiment. These developments open up prospects for physicists to deploy BDTs in FPGAs for identifying the origin of jets, better reconstructing the energies of muons, and enabling better selection of rare signal processes.
Rational Design of Homochiral Solids Based on Two-Dimensional Metal Carboxylates (2002)

A chiral two-dimensional network is the basis for the structure of a homochiral solid exploiting metal–carboxylate coordination. The synthesis involved enantiopure bridging ligands and metal–organic secondary building units (SBUs), and resulted in ethoxy-protected BINOL functionalities pointing into the cavities in this crystalline chiral zeolitic material (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Novel 50W/in<sup>3</sup> and 96.2% efficient 48V/3.5kW single-phase rectifier (2014)

This paper presents the design and experimental performance of a compact, 50W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (3kW/liter), and 96.2% peak efficiency 3.5kW single phase rectifier for telecommunication application. The rectifier is composed of two stages connected in series. The bridgeless PFC boost rectifier with bidirectional switch has less forward diode voltage drop than conventional technologies. The DC-DC converter is based on a full bridge LLC resonant converter with synchronous rectification. A fully digital controller is used to obtain the high power density of the rectifier. The efficiency, PF and THD experimental results obtained from the prototype are also presented.
Preference Mapping of Commercial Toasted White Corn Tortilla Chips (2002)

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to identify what constitutes consumer preference for and acceptance of white corn tortilla chips. Consumer overall acceptance of tortill chips was modeled by consumer data for acceptance of appearance, flavor, and texture and by descriptive sensory and/or instrumental data. Internal preference mapping (R 2 = 0.99) showed that flavor was the most important attribute to consumer overall acceptance followed by texture and appearance. The basic salt attribute and aftertaste attributes of salt, raw masa, and toasted grain aftertastes were important to consumer flavor acceptance, and the attributes of crispness, loose particles, hardness and oily/greasy film were responsible for consumer acceptance of texture. One appearance descriptive attribute (char marks) and 1 instrumental color measurement (a) were significantly related to consumer acceptance of appearance.
Performance evaluation of cluster-based hyperspectral target detection algorithms (2012)

Detection of targets in background clutter using hyperspectral imaging sensors, is a problem of great practical interest [1]. This paper addresses some practical problems related to the adaptive estimation of clutter models and their effects on the performance of matched-signature detection algorithms. More specifically, we compare clutter estimation algorithms using spatially-local adaptation or spectral clustering to deal with the nonstationarity of hyperspectral backgrounds.
Automatic, wearable-based, in-field eating detection approaches for public health research: a scoping review (2020)

Dietary intake, eating behaviors, and context are important in chronic disease development, yet our ability to accurately assess these in research settings can be limited by biased traditional self-reporting tools. Objective measurement tools, specifically, wearable sensors, present the opportunity to minimize the major limitations of self-reported eating measures by generating supplementary sensor data that can improve the validity of self-report data in naturalistic settings. This scoping review summarizes the current use of wearable devices/sensors that automatically detect eating-related activity in naturalistic research settings. Five databases were searched in December 2019, and 618 records were retrieved from the literature search. This scoping review included <i>N</i> = 40 studies (from 33 articles) that reported on one or more wearable sensors used to automatically detect eating activity in the field. The majority of studies (<i>N</i> = 26, 65%) used multi-sensor systems (incorporating > 1 wearable sensors), and accelerometers were the most commonly utilized sensor (<i>N</i> = 25, 62.5%). All studies (<i>N</i> = 40, 100.0%) used either self-report or objective ground-truth methods to validate the inferred eating activity detected by the sensor(s). The most frequently reported evaluation metrics were Accuracy (<i>N</i> = 12) and F1-score (<i>N</i> = 10). This scoping review highlights the current state of wearable sensors' ability to improve upon traditional eating assessment methods by passively detecting eating activity in naturalistic settings, over long periods of time, and with minimal user interaction. A key challenge in this field, wide variation in eating outcome measures and evaluation metrics, demonstrates the need for the development of a standardized form of comparability among sensors/multi-sensor systems and multidisciplinary collaboration.
Autophagy is required for mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism, growth, and fate of KRAS<sup>G12D</sup>-driven lung tumors (2013)

Evidence suggests that the role of autophagy in tumorigenesis is context dependent. Using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) for human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we found that deletion of the essential autophagy gene, Atg7, in KRAS(G12D)-driven NSCLC inhibits tumor growth and converts adenomas and adenocarcinomas to benign oncocytomas characterized by the accumulation of respiration-defective mitochondria. Atg7 is required to preserve mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to maintain lipid homeostasis upon additional loss of Trp53 in NSCLC. Furthermore, cell lines derived from autophagy-deficient tumors depend on glutamine to survive starvation. This suggests that autophagy is essential for the metabolism, growth, and fate of NSCLC.