gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of melatonin on cataract formation in newborn rats: Evidence for an antioxidative role for melatonin (1994)

We evaluated the inhibitory effect of melatonin, a recently discovered scavenger of free radicals, on cataract formation in the newborn rat. The glutathione synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) (3 mmol/kg), was intraperitoneally injected into newborn rats for 3 consecutive days starting on day 2 after birth. These glutathione depleted rats develop cataracts. Melatonin (4 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into half of the rats once a day beginning at day 2 after birth; the other half of the animals received solvent daily. The incidence of cataract was observed on day 16, after the eyes of the newborn animals had opened. Both reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were measured. Cataracts were observed in all animals (18/18) treated with BSO plus solvent. The incidence of the cataract in the animals cotreated with melatonin was only 6.2% (1/15). Total lenticular glutathione (GSH + GSSG) levels in BSO only treated rats were reduced by 97%. The total glutathione in the lens of the BSO plus melatonin group was significantly higher (by 3%) than that of the BSO only group. The percentage of the total glutathione as GSSG for the BSO plus solvent group was higher than the control value. Cotreatment of BSO injected rats with melatonin (4 mg/kg/day) clearly reduced cataract formation proving that it is directly or indirectly protective against oxidative stress which accompanies glutathione deficiency. The inhibitory effects of melatonin on cataract formation in this study could be due to melatonin's free radical scavenging activity or due to its stimulatory effect on glutathione production.
Attachment of rhodosaminylanthracyclinone-type anthracyclines to the hinge-region of monoclonal antibodies (1990)

We have found that a maleimidobenzoyl spacer attached to OH-4' of the rhodosamine moiety of rhodosaminylanthracyclinone-type anthracyclines is most suitable for the attachment of these drugs to carriers, providing important advantages: The spacer is selectively and most readily introduced into the rhodosamine moiety of the drugs, is stable enough for proper handling of the derivatives, and can easily be attached to thiol groups of carrier systems such as reduced monoclonal antibodies. The anthracyclines can be liberated from the conjugates by mere hydrolysis, requiring neither hydrolytic enzymes nor acidic pH. Liberation of the drugs can, moreover, be affected by the presence of the appropriate substituents Z on the phenylene ring of the spacer, thus allowing slowed or enhanced liberation of the cytostatically active drug. The corresponding p-maleimidobenzoyl derivatives of beta-rhodomycin I, N,N-dimethyldaunorubicin, and rodorubicin have been attached to thiol groups of the hinge region of reduced monoclonal antibody BW 494/32, directed against a pancreatic cancer associated glycoprotein antigen, resulting in MoAb BW 494/32 conjugates, carrying 4.8-6.8 mol of cytotoxic residues/mol of MoAb. Rodorubicin was similarly attached to MoAb BW 575/931/2, directed against a small cell lung cancer associated antigen and to MoAb BW 431/26, recognizing an epitope detectable on carcinoembryonic antigen. The results provide evidence that the newly developed method of coupling of anthracyclines to the hinge region of monoclonal antibodies may be of broader use.
Raf-1 protein kinase is important for progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation and acts downstream of mos. (1993)

In somatic cells, the Raf-1 serine/threonine protein kinase is activated by several polypeptide growth factors. We investigated the role of Raf-1 in progesterone-induced meiotic maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Raf-1 enzymatic activity and phosphorylation (reflected by a mobility shift on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels) were increased in oocytes following progesterone stimulation. The increase in Raf-1 activity was concurrent with an elevation in the activity of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. When RNA encoding an oncogenic form of Raf-1 (v-Raf) was injected into immature oocytes, MAP kinase mobility shift, germinal vesicle breakdown, and histone H1 phosphorylation increased markedly. When RNA encoding a dominant-negative version of Raf-1 was injected, progesterone-induced oocyte maturation was blocked. When RNA encoding Xenopus mos (mosxe) was injected into oocytes, Raf-1 and MAP kinase mobility shifts were observed after several hours. Also, when antisense mosxe oligonucleotides were injected into oocytes, progesterone-induced Raf-1 and MAP kinase mobility shifts were blocked. Finally, when antisense mosxe oligonucleotides were coinjected with v-Raf RNA into oocytes, histone H1 kinase activation, germinal vesicle breakdown, and MAP kinase mobility shift occurred. These findings suggest that Raf-1 activity is required for progesterone-induced oocyte maturation and that Raf-1 is downstream of mosxe activity.
High-Speed Profile Measurement with Electro-Optics (1976)

A high-speed profile monitor has been developed for Frank-ford Arsenal as an integral part of an automatic 5.56 mm cartridge case ammunition inspection system. This profile gaging monitor uses a dual measurement station each with solid state linear diode arrays and shadow-imaging optics to achieve a throughput rate that exceeds 1200 cases/minute with a diameter measurement standard deviation better than ± 1.5 x 10-3 inch. Fourteen diameters and two lengths are measured on each cartridge case by separate gaging stations. Length measurements use a snapshot-type optical system while diameter measurements require both image tracking of the case shadow and scanning operation to get the diameter measurements from two diode array elements. A mini-computer with a direct memory input from the gaging stations provides an engineering unit conversion from the gaging stations and a dynamic accept/reject decision based on minimum accept and maximum accept limits.
Risk Analysis With History Matching Using Experimental Design or Artificial Neural Networks (2006)

Abstract Oil companies have increasingly adopted Risk Analysis in decision-making processes. Most risks are related to reservoir uncertainties. Risk Analysis, even combining possible values of the input parameters (uncertainty variables) in the flow simulations, can create unrealistic models and compute wrong results (decision variable). Some reservoirs have dynamic data that can reasonably constrain the model increasing the Risk Analysis confidence. Three methodologies based on Experimental Design and Response Surface Modeling (RSM) to model flow simulations are proposed. In the first method, one RSM is built to model the decision variable and another RSM is built to represent an Objective Function that takes into account dynamic data. Then, a relationship among the uncertainty variables obtained from the RSM of the Objective Function is applied to the RSM of the decision variable to constrain the model, enabling the Risk Analysis with History Match. In the second methodology, a maximum tolerance of the Objective Function is used as a filter to select the models taken on Risk Analysis. The third method is similar to the second one, but Artificial Neural Network replaces RSM to model the flow simulation. Even though requiring more simulation runs, such approach seems to be skillful to deal with non-linearities. The methodologies were applied to two different reservoirs in Campos Basin, Brazil: a semi-synthetic case where dynamic data were simulated to represent the behavior of an appraisal phase field and a real case where the reservoir produces for more than five years. Significant reduction on the decision variable uncertainty is observed showing the importance of constraining the models when dynamic data are available. The methods show that it is possible to improve the quality of the Risk Analysis, constraining the possible range of the uncertainty variables by taking into account dynamic data.
An open source automated tumor infiltrating lymphocyte algorithm for prognosis in melanoma (2019)

Assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a prognostic variable in melanoma has not seen broad adoption due to lack of standardization. Automation could represent a solution. Here, using open source software, we build an algorithm for image-based automated assessment of TILs on hematoxylin-eosin stained sections in melanoma. Using a retrospective collection of 641 melanoma patients comprising four independent cohorts; one training set (N = 227) and three validation cohorts (N = 137, N = 201, N = 76) from 2 institutions, we show that the automated TIL scoring algorithm separates patients into favorable and poor prognosis cohorts, where higher TILs scores were associated with favorable prognosis. In multivariable analyses, automated TIL scores show an independent association with disease-specific overall survival. Therefore, the open source, automated TIL scoring is an independent prognostic marker in melanoma. With further study, we believe that this algorithm could be useful to define a subset of patients that could potentially be spared immunotherapy.
Wnt-mediated endothelial transformation into mesenchymal stem cell–like cells induces chemoresistance in glioblastoma (2020)

Therapeutic resistance remains a persistent challenge for patients with malignant tumors. Here, we reveal that endothelial cells (ECs) acquire transformation into mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells in glioblastoma (GBM), driving tumor resistance to cytotoxic treatment. Transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that ECs undergo mesenchymal transformation and stemness-like activation in GBM microenvironment. Furthermore, we identified a c-Met-mediated axis that induces β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser<sup>675</sup> and Wnt signaling activation, inducing multidrug resistance-associated protein-1(MRP-1) expression and leading to EC stemness-like activation and chemoresistance. Last, genetic ablation of β-catenin in ECs overcome GBM tumor resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy in vivo. Combination of Wnt inhibition and TMZ chemotherapy eliminated tumor-associated ECs, inhibited GBM growth, and increased mouse survival. These findings identified a cell plasticity-based, microenvironment-dependent mechanism that controls tumor chemoresistance, and suggest that targeting Wnt/β-catenin-mediated EC transformation and stemness activation may overcome therapeutic resistance in GBM.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Chromophores and Polymers for Electro‐Optic and Photorefractive Applications (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multimedia Presentation and Transmission Standards and Their Support for Automatic Analysis, Conversion and Scaling: A Survey (2000)

The increasing popularity of WWW-based services, the rapidly increasing penetration of smart phones and PDAs, and the effect of emerging technologies such as WAP, has awakened the service provider and content producer community to the need for providing lightweight versions of their applications. Another recent trend has been user-adaptive services, which most of the popular search engines already provide through customizable front ends as well as a wide range of audio and multimedia search facilities. Services that facilitate streaming media are gaining popularity but are creating even more stress on the overloaded Internet. High-speed subscriber lines, however, would give the user the necessary bandwidth to use multimedia in its most complex form. The adaptation of services- vices to meet users' settings is usually done without considering media or transmission thus requiring the user to be aware of many technical details and creating a constant need for them to upgrade their hardware and software. In this survey, we study the most common representation standards and protocols used to deliver multimedia over the public Internet and demonstrate how the information we extract from them can be used in automatic, media-wise adaptation of multimedia to improve the quality of service. We conclude with a comprehensive application example that demonstrates how standard multimedia and transmission protocols can be utilized in application-independent adaptation of multimedia.
Total blood volume of Asian patients undergoing cardiac surgery is far from that predicted by conventional methods. (2013)

Total blood volume of Asian patients calculated by the authors differs markedly from that estimated by Nadler and classic reference book formulas, which suggests that more accurate calculation of TBV is needed for Asian cardiac patients requiring CPB, especially patients with valvular disease.
Background elimination technique in the structured light system for dynamic environment (2011)

The utilization of structured light system is increasing not only in industrial areas but also in dynamic environment including the motion recognition for Xbox 360 based on the motion sensor kinect and the obstruction recognition for mobile robot navigation. In this paper, we presented a method to estimate the background at t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (projector on) by using the background images at t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (projector off) and t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> (projector off) in the dynamic environment where there exists a motion of structured light system or an object. Differentiation of the estimated background image from the image at t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> where the signal and the background are mixed can not only increase the signal-to-noise ratio between the projected pattern and the noise but also eliminate the noise similar to the signal that is detected in the background range. The experimental result not only provided the three-dimensional data from which the actual noise range was removed but also suggested the correlation between the size of interpolation area and the estimated error.
Circulating human C-reactive protein binds very low density lipoproteins. (1984)

Native human CRP in solution formed complexes with the abnormal lipoprotein beta-VLDL in serum of patients with type III hyperlipoproteinaemia. CRP also formed complexes in sera from individuals with type IV and type V hyperlipoproteinaemia. The binding was calcium-dependent and inhibitable by free phosphoryl choline. No complexes were demonstrable in sera containing high LDL levels from cases of type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia. Addition of isolated beta-VLDL, but not of isolated LDL, to acute phase normolipoproteinaemic serum caused the appearance of soluble CRP-lipoprotein complexes. In contrast, addition of an excess of isolated normal VLDL to acute phase serum or to isolated CRP was followed by agglutination (creaming) of the lipoprotein particles. Rabbit CRP, on the other hand, formed soluble complexes both with normal human apoB containing lipoproteins and with the abnormal beta-VLDL. Human CRP complexed with rabbit beta-VLDL but not with normal rabbit serum lipoproteins. These interactions may be important for the role of CRP in health and disease.
Misfit stress in p/p+ epitaxial silicon wafers: effect and elimination (2002)

A large lattice mismatch occurs when lightly boron doped (E15 cm/sup -3/) epitaxial silicon layers are deposited on a heavily boron doped (E19 cm/sup -3/) substrate. The misfit stress causes wafer bow and the formation of misfit dislocations at the interface. The structure of misfit dislocation and effect of misfit stress on p/p+ wafer processing are discussed. A method for elimination of the misfit stress in p/p+ silicon wafers via lattice compensation is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Resistance to PARP-Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy (2013)

The pharmacological inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins have shown promising results in preclinical studies and clinical trials as a monotherapy or in combination therapy for some cancers. Thus, usage of PARP-inhibitors (PARPi) in cancer therapy is bound to increase with time, but resistance of cancer cells to PARPi is also beginning to be observed. Here we review different known and potential mechanisms by which: (i) PARPi kill cancer cells; and (ii) cancer cells develop resistance to PARPi. Understanding the lethality caused by PARPi and the countermeasures deployed by cancers cells to survive PARPi will help us rationalize the use of this new class of drugs in cancer therapy.
<i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> (<i>Propionibacterium acnes</i>) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates (2018)

While the commensal bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is involved in the maintenance of a healthy skin, it can also act as an opportunistic pathogen in acne vulgaris. The latest findings on P. acnes shed light on the critical role of a tight equilibrium between members of its phylotypes and within the skin microbiota in the development of this skin disease. Indeed, contrary to what was previously thought, proliferation of P. acnes is not the trigger of acne as patients with acne do not harbour more P. acnes in follicles than normal individuals. Instead, the loss of the skin microbial diversity together with the activation of the innate immunity might lead to this chronic inflammatory condition. This review provides results of the most recent biochemical and genomic investigations that led to the new taxonomic classification of P. acnes renamed Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), and to the better characterisation of its phylogenetic cluster groups. Moreover, the latest data on the role of C. acnes and its different phylotypes in acne are presented, providing an overview of the factors that could participate in the virulence and in the antimicrobial resistance of acne-associated strains. Overall, this emerging key information offers new perspectives in the treatment of acne, with future innovative strategies focusing on C. acnes biofilms and/or on its acne-associated phylotypes.
Bedeutung der Kosten- und Leistungsrechnung im Industriebetrieb (1978)

Der Leser soll im Abschnitt A erkennen, welchen Einfluß die charakteristischen Merkmale des Industriebetriebes auf die inhaltliche und organisatorische Gestaltung der Kosten- und Leistungsrechnung haben.
Human embryo cryopreservation, extrinsic and intrinsic parameters of success (1987)

Freezing and thawing (F - T) was applied to 490 early human embryos using propanediol as cryoprotectant. The survival rate of embryos frozen with propanediol alone did not exceed 31% (26/83). The combination of propanediol and sucrose, however, significantly increased the percentage of surviving (248/407 = 61%) and intact (188/407 = 46%) embryos and seemed to enhance embryo viability as suggested by the implantation rate (14.5 versus 8%) without, however, any statistical significance. Embryo survival, but not viability, was correlated with morphological features, whereas neither the age of embryos (1, 2 or 3 days post-insemination) nor the segmentation stage (regular or intermediate) were involved in F - T ability. Thirty-eight F - T embryos implanted when replaced in utero, representing 8% of all F - T embryos and 14% of the F - T replaced embryos. The pregnancy rate per transfer reached 19% (35/185) and was identical to the pregnancy rate per transfer of fresh embryos (253/1149 = 22%). In oocyte donation, too, embryo freezing did not impair the pregnancy rate (25%). In spontaneous cycles, synchronous transfer gave better results than asynchronous transfers (20 versus 10%), but spontaneous cycles had no significant advantage (16% pregnancy/transfer) as compared to stimulated (26%) and artificial (27%) cycles.
Cytokines in Sickle Cell Disease (2003)

Sickle red cells express adhesion molecules including integrin alpha4beta1, CD36, band 3 protein, sulfated glycolipid, Lutheran protein, phosphatidylserine and integrin-associated protein. The proadhesive sickle cells may bind to endothelial cell P-selectin, E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), CD36 and integrins leading to its activation. Monocytes also activate endothelium by releasing proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta). Sickle monocytes also express increased surface CD11b and cytoplasmic cytokines TNFalpha and IL-1beta indicating activated state. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are also activated with reduced L-selectin expression, enhanced CD64 expression and elevated levels of sL-selectin, sCD16 and elastase resulting in increased adhesiveness to the endothelium. Platelets are also activated and secrete thrombospondin (TSP) and cytokine IL-1. They also form platelet- monocytes aggregates causing endothelial cell P-selectin expression. Endothelial cell activation by these multiple mechanisms leads to a loss of vascular integrity, expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, change in the surface phenotype from antithrombotic to prothrombotic, excessive cytokine production and upregulation of HLA molecules. Furthermore, contraction of these activated endothelial cells leads to exposure of extracellular matrix proteins, such as TSP, laminin, and fibronectin and their participation in adhesive interactions with bridging molecules from the plasma such as von Willebrand factor (vWf) released from endothelial cells, ultimately culminating in vasoocclusion and local tissue ischemia, the pathognomonic basis of vasoocclusive crisis.
Design and characteristics for vertical bloch line memory using a ring-shaped domain (1987)

A vertical Bloch line (VBL) memory test chip which attains complete operation has been developed. The test chip is composed of a ring-shaped domain, stabilized in a garnet groove as a VBL pair circulation track which forms the data storage register, a current access major track for a data access read/write channel and a read/write gate between the ring-shaped domain and the major track for transforming a VBL information into bubble information or the inverse operation. The VBL propagation on the straight wall of the ring-shaped domain is found to have the reasonable operation bias margin of approximately 10 Oe. The VBL circulation around the outer domain wall of the domain is confirmed in high bias field range. Bubble propagation bias margins for major track are about 13 Oe, sufficient for overlapping the VBL circulation margins. Quasi-static ring-shaped domain head stretching and the stretched domain chopping for read/write gate operations have been successfully operated, while the dynamic domain head stretching permits VBL injection. VBL memory devices with large capacity may clearly be constructed with ring-shaped domain arrays and the other functional elements mentioned above.