gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Large-Scale Corpus for Conversation Disentanglement (2019)

Jonathan K. Kummerfeld, Sai R. Gouravajhala, Joseph J. Peper, Vignesh Athreya, Chulaka Gunasekara, Jatin Ganhotra, Siva Sankalp Patel, Lazaros C Polymenakos, Walter Lasecki. Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2019.
Maximizing parallelism and minimizing synchronization with affine partitions (1998)

This paper presents an algorithm to find the optimal affine partitions that maximize the degree of parallelism and minimize the degree of synchronization in programs with arbitrary loop nestings and affine data accesses. The problem is formulated without the use of imprecise data dependence abstractions such as data dependence vectors. The algorithm presented subsumes previously proposed loop transformation algorithms that are based on unimodular transformations, loop distribution, fusion, scaling, reindexing, and statement reordering.
UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (2000)

Glucuronidation represents a major pathway which enhances the elimination of many lipophilic xenobiotics and endobiotics to more water-soluble compounds. The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family catalyzes the glucuronidation of the glycosyl group of a nucleotide sugar to an acceptor compound (aglycone) at a nucleophilic functional group of oxygen (eg, hydroxyl or carboxylic acid groups), nitrogen (eg, amines), sulfur (eg, thiols), and carbon, with the formation of a b-D-glucuronide product. At this time, over 35 different UGT gene products have been described from several different species. UGTs have been divided into two distinct subfamilies based on sequence identities, UGT1 and UGT2. The UGT1 gene subfamily consists of a number of UGTs that result from alternate splicing of multiple first exons and share common exons 2-5. The substrate specificities of the various isoforms have been examined in cultured cell experiments, and include bilirubin, amines, and planar and bulky phenol. The UGT2 gene family is different in that the UGT2 mRNAs are transcribed from individual genes. The UGT2 subfamily consists of numerous enzymes which catalyze the glucuronidation of a diverse chemical base including steroids, bile acids, and opioids. Until recently, the liver has been the major focus for studying the metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics. Several groups have identified extrahepatic tissues that express UGT isoforms including the kidney, gastrointestinal tract and brain. This review discusses the two UGT gene families, substrate specificities, and the recent discoveries of UGTs in extrahepatic tissues.
Phase Transfer Catalyzed C- vs O-Alkylation of 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one in the Absence or Presence of Carbon Disulphide (1997)

3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (1) was treated with different bromoorganic compounds such as benzyl bromide, 1.3-dibromopropane,methyl bromoacetate, bromoacetaldehyde diethylacetal as ablating agents either in the absence or in the presence of carbon disulphide and under phasetransfer catalysis conditions aimed at studying the reactivity of the title compound with respect to Cvs 0alkylation .In continuation of our previous work on phase-transfer catalysis ' and pyrazolone chemishy ,2'3 we undertook to study the reactivity of C4-1,s 0-alkylation towards some bromoorganic compounds as alkylating agents in the absence or in the presence of carbon disulphide under phase-transfer catalysis ( PTC ) condit~ons as a versatile tool compared with the classical basecatalyzed
Shaping Pancreatic β-Cell Differentiation and Functioning: The Influence of Mechanotransduction (2020)

Embryonic and pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in generating β-cells for both replacing medicine and novel therapeutic discoveries in diabetes mellitus. However, their differentiation in vitro is still inefficient, and functional studies reveal that most of these β-like cells still fail to fully mirror the adult β-cell physiology. For their proper growth and functioning, β-cells require a very specific environment, the islet niche, which provides a myriad of chemical and physical signals. While the nature and effects of chemical stimuli have been widely characterized, less is known about the mechanical signals<b>.</b> We here review the current status of knowledge of biophysical cues provided by the niche where β-cells normally live and differentiate, and we underline the possible machinery designated for mechanotransduction in β-cells. Although the regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood, the analysis reveals that β-cells are equipped with all mechanosensors and signaling proteins actively involved in mechanotransduction in other cell types, and they respond to mechanical cues by changing their behavior. By engineering microenvironments mirroring the biophysical niche properties it is possible to elucidate the β-cell mechanotransductive-regulatory mechanisms and to harness them for the promotion of β-cell differentiation capacity in vitro.
s-Triazolopyrazines (1969)

Earlier work on the preparation of 3-amino-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazines has been extended to include further examples carrying alkyl substituents on the pyrazine ring, as well as compounds with hydrogen, hydroxy- or mercapto-groups in the 3-position. Acylation of the 3-amino-group has been shown to occur normally, although under certain conditions the triazole ring nitrogen is involved. The 3-amino-group is usually introduced by the action of cyanogen chloride on the related 2-hydrazinopyrazine in the presence of an aqueous acetate buffer. In one instance, the 3-acetamido-derivative was the main product isolated.
Marked Enhancement in the Efficiency of Deep-Ultraviolet AlGaN Light-Emitting Diodes by Using a Multiquantum-Barrier Electron Blocking Layer (2010)

We demonstrated high-efficiency 250–262 nm deep-ultraviolet (DUV) AlGaN multi-quantum well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated on AlN/sapphire templates by introducing multiquantum-barrier (MQB) electron-blocking layers (EBLs). A marked enhancement in efficiency, by as much as 2.7 times, was observed for a 250 nm AlGaN LED by replacing the usual "single-barrier" EBL with a MQB-EBL. The maximum external quantum efficiencies and output powers of LEDs with MQB-EBLs measured under room temperature (RT) cw operation were 1.18% and 4.8 mW, and 1.54% and 10.4 mW, for the 250 nm and 262 nm LEDs, respectively, which are the highest values ever reported.
Synthesis and Biological Testing of <i>N</i>‐Aminoimidazole‐Based p38α MAP Kinase Inhibitors (2010)

The p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase alpha plays a central role in the regulation of cellular responses such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Inhibition of p38 results in decreased synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. To date, diverse p38alpha inhibitors are in phase II clinical trials for numerous cytokine-dependent diseases. 2-Sulfanylimidazole derivatives offer advantages over the prototype inhibitor SB 203580, including fewer cytochrome P450 interactions and better kinetic properties. The aim of this study was to develop novel 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyridinylimidazoles with acyl residues at the imidazole N1 position that can interact with the kinase's hydrophobic region II (HR II) or sugar pocket (SP) to improve both selectivity and activity. The substitution pattern was optimized by variation of the acyl moiety at the N1 position of the N-aminoimidazole core. Acylation of the amino function was used for optimization and led to potent p38alpha MAPK inhibitors.
Detection of chlorine and fluorine in air by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetection of chlorine and fluorine in air by laser-induced breakdown spectrometryDavid A. Cremers and Leon J. RadziemskiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 8, 1252–1256Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00259a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00259a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1038Altmetric-Citations199LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Screening For Antimicrobial Activity Of Fungi In Soil Samples Collected From Kubah National Park (2014)

Antimicrobial agents including antivirals and antibiotics have saved millions of lives all over the world, but these drugs are losing their effectiveness due to the development of resistance of infectious disease agents towards them. The incidence of antibiotic-resistance towards current drugs has been rapidly increasing but fewer new antibiotics are being developed. This study was carried out on soil samples collected from Kubah National Park, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, in order to discover novel antibiotics produced by soil microbes. Twenty one samples of soils were analyzed for antimicrobial producing fungi. Potential fungal isolates were tested against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Six fungal isolates labeled P550AIa, P550AIb, P550AIc, P550AId, P550AIIa, P550AIIb showed strong antibacterial activity against the test bacteria during the antimicrobial activity screening using agar overlay technique in the preliminary screening and secondary screening. Out of the 6 fungal isolates, 3 isolates P550AIa, P550AIb, P550AIc were selected to undergo antibiotics susceptibility testing and further characterization. The crude extract of the 3 fungal isolates were further characterized by MIC, TLC and bioauthography methods. The isolates showed MIC value and produced inhibition zone compared to the positive control (5×dilutions of penicillin-streptomycin solution). The characteristics of the spores produced by the three fungal isolates matched with the description for Penicillium spp.. Further confirmation by DNA sequencing of isolate P550AIb revealed its identity as Penicillium verruculosum. All the fungal isolates showing antimicrobial activity are potential to be used for producing antimicrobial compound for combating infectious bacterial agents as evidenced in this study.
Application of multivariate autoregressive modeling for the nasal cycle (2007)

In this study, the author proposed the handy system for the measurement of the nasal cycle with high accuracy, which is hardly influenced by environmental changes including room temperature changes and imposes a small burden to the head and small restrictions to body movements and respiration. In this system, small lightweight propellers are rotated independently by nasal expiration through right and left nasal cavities, the pulse sequences generated by light-beam interruption are counted by a light detector. Using this device, two experiments were carried out: firstly to measure quantitatively the phenomenon of the inversion of the dominant side of nasal respiratory capacity and secondly to observe the influences of the circadian rhythm on the nasal cycle for a long period of time. As the result of multivariate autoregressive analysis using two variables, the following features were found to exist probably: either nasal side changes with a stronger rhythm, and the right and left nasal respiratory capacities change certainly in an antagonistic manner, but the change on either nasal side tends to precede when the total respiratory capacity changes.
Role of phosphodiesterases in the regulation of endothelial permeability in vitro. (1993)

Neutrophil-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular injury and pulmonary edema. H2O2 time- and dose-dependently increased the hydraulic conductivity and decreased the selectivity of an endothelial cell monolayer derived from porcine pulmonary arteries. Effects of H2O2 on endothelial permeability were completely inhibited by adenylate cyclase activation with 10(-12) M cholera toxin or 0.1 microM forskolin. 10(-8) M Sp-cAMPS, a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A agonist, was similarly effective. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors motapizone (10(-4) M), rolipram (10(-6) M), and zardaverine (10(-8) M), which specifically inhibit PDE-isoenzymes III, IV, and III/IV potently blocked H2O2-induced endothelial permeability when combined with 10(-6) M prostaglandin E1. Overall cellular cAMP content and inhibition of H2O2 effects on endothelial permeability were poorly correlated. H2O2 exposure resulted in a rapid and substantial decrease in endothelial cAMP content. The analysis of the PDE isoenzyme spectrum showed high activities of isoenzymes II, III, and IV in porcine pulmonary endothelial cells. The data suggest that adenylate cyclase activation/PDE inhibition is a powerful approach to block H2O2-induced increase in endothelial permeability. This concept appears especially valuable when endothelial PDE isoenzyme pattern and PDE inhibitor profile are matched optimally.
Determination of the degree of easy axis alignment in uniaxial permanent magnets from remanence measurements (1981)

An expression has been derived for the remanence perpendicular to the preferred direction of magnetization in uniaxial permanent magnet materials and it has been shown that this provides a quick and sensitive method for determining the degree of alignment of the easy axes of the constituent uniaxial particles or grains in the magnet.
Genetic algorithms in noisy environment (2002)

Genetic algorithms (GA) have been widely used in the areas of function optimization and machine learning. In many of these applications, the effect of noise is a critical factor in the performance of the genetic algorithms. In this paper, we propose an effective method for obtaining the optimal solution by using an optimal solution list and systematically changing certain parameters of the algorithm. Our results show that the optimal solution list is able to provide a small solution set that contains near optimal solutions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endothelial cells regulate cardiac contractility. (1992)

Endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels contain the receptors for many substances that alter the contractile tone of smooth muscle in the walls of the blood vessels. In response to their interaction with the signal substances, the endothelial cells release vasoactive factors that modify the contractile state of the vascular smooth muscle. This study was conducted to determine if endothelial cells can also modulate the contraction of cardiac muscle cells and contribute to the physiological regulation of the heart. The venous effluent from the coronary circulation of an isolated perfused working heart was reoxygenated and used to superfuse a trabecula isolated from the right ventricle of another heart. The peak tension and the duration of the contraction of the trabecula were reversibly altered by the effluent fluid. The change in the contraction of the trabecula during its exposure to coronary effluent was inhibited by selectively damaging the endothelial cells in the trabecula before the application of the coronary effluent. The magnitude and direction of the effect of the coronary venous effluent were sensitive to the metabolic and mechanical conditions under which the isolated perfused heart was contracting at the time the effluent was collected. These observations indicate that cardiac tissue can release a substance or substances into the coronary circulation that induce the production of cardioactive factors by endothelial cells.
Lagrangian representation for fermionic linear optics (2005)

Notions of a Gaussian state and a Gaussian linear map are generalized to the case of anticommuting (Grassmann) variables. Conditions under which a Gaussian map is trace preserving and (or) completely positive are formulated. For any Gaussian map an explicit formula relating correlation matrices of input and output states is presented. This formalism allows to develop the Lagrangian representation for fermionic linear optics (FLO). It covers both unitary operations and the single-mode projectors associated with FLO measurements. Using the Lagrangian representation we reduce a classical simulation of FLO to a computation of Gaussian integrals over Grassmann variables. Explicit formulas describing evolution of a quantum state under FLO operations are put forward.
Optimising a cell factory system for the bioproduction of silk-elastin-like polymers. (2013)

Silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs) combining the physicochemical and biological properties of silk and elastin have a high potential for use in the pharmaceutical, regenerative medicine and materials fields. Their development for use is however restrained by their production levels. Here we describe the production optimisation for a novel recently described SELP in the pETE. coli BL21(DE3) expression system. Both batch production in shake flasks and fed-batch production in fermenters were investigated and optimised. A comprehensive empirical approach optimising all process variables for both processes, in addition to molecular biology approaches for improving performance of the production plasmid were used to maximise production levels. Typical volumetric productivities reported for SELPs are approximately 30 mg/L but here we have increased production levels up to approximately 4 g/L, representing the highest reported SELP productivity to date.
Enhanced endothelial permeability and invasion of leukocytes into the artery wall as initial events in experimental arteriosclerosis. (1987)

The temporal sequence of the very early events in arteriosclerosis, as induced by electrical stimulation in carotid arteries of rabbits, was examined by combined light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. After one session (30 min) of DC impulses, the endothelial permeability to horse-radish peroxidase was increased mainly beneath the anode, judging from the massive accumulation of reaction products of peroxidase in the subendothelium. After a further stimulation period, some of the endothelial cells displayed alterations in pattern and size and heavy cytoplasmic deposition of silver salt. However, the endothelium was maintained as a continuous lining. During this initial phase, a considerable number of granulocytes and monocytes was found adhering to the endothelium of the stimulated region and also within the subendothelial space. The invasion of the leukocytes preceded the migration of smooth muscle cells from the media into the intima, a process which began after two days of the electrical stimulation schedule. These initial phases of plaque development may represent a special form of an inflammatory response.
Synthesis of Highly Ordered Mesoporous Silica with a Lamellar Structure Using Assembly of Cationic and Anionic Surfactant Mixtures as a Template (2008)

Highly ordered lamellar-type mesoporous silica was prepared by using molecular assemblies formed in an aqueous mixture of cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic sodium octylsulfate (SOS) as structure-directing agents. The mesoporous silica prepared at the composition of CTAB:SOS = 7.5:2.5 (in mol ratio) possessed high surface area (SBET = 995 m2 g−1) and uniform pore structure (average layer distance = 3.1 nm) with a narrow size distribution. The lamellar molecular assembly was rearranged and pillars between silica layers grew up in it during the aging process with hydrothermal treatment. We emphasize from the present results that it is possible to control the silica interlayer distance precisely in the range of 3.60 and 5.19 nm when changing the mixing ratio of the surfactants.
Disease #42: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (2014)

Neurofibromatosis type 1, also called “von Recklinghausen disease,” is a common genetic disease that may present during adulthood. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is highly variable in its presentation and progression over lifetime, even in family members with same genetic defect. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is the most common of the numerous neurocutaneous syndromes; these are disorders in which genetic mutations lead to manifestations in the skin as well as in the nervous system. Hypertension is more common in patients of all ages with neurofibromatosis type 1. Most patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 are identified initially by the presence of multiple, evenly colored patches of slightly darkened skin and freckling in areas where skin touches skin. Tuberous sclerosis is another of the neurocutaneous genetic disorders with manifestations involving both the skin and the nervous system. Tuberous sclerosis is almost always identified during childhood but may rarely present as dementia in young adulthood.
Hierarchical Mesoporous 3D Flower-like CuCo2O4/NF for High-Performance Electrochemical Energy Storage (2016)

Ternary spinel CuCo2O4 nanostructure clenches great potential as high-performance electrode material for next-generation energy storage systems because of its higher electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity. Carbon free and binder free 3D flower-like CuCo2O4 structure are grown on nickel foam (NF) via a facile hydrothermal synthesis method followed by annealing. The obtained CuCo2O4/NF is directly used as electrode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs) application. The electrochemical study of 3D flower-like CuCo2O4 as an electrode for LIB and SC shows highly mesoporous unique architecture plays important role in achieving high capacity/capacitance with superior cycle life. The high surface area and mesoporous nature not only offer sufficient reaction sites, but also can accelerate the liquid electrolyte to penetrate electrode and the ions to reach the reacting sites. In outcome, it exhibits highest capacity of 1160 mA h g(-1) after 200 cycles when used as an anode for LIB and specific capacitance of 1002 F g(-1) after 3000 cycles. The superior electrochemical of synthesized material is attributed to direct contact of electrode active material with good intrinsic electrical conductivity to the underneath conductive NF substrate builds up an express path for fast ion and electron transfer.