gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral oily streaks in a smectic-A liquid crystal (2016)

The liquid crystal octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) was doped with the chiral agent CB15 and spin-coated onto a substrate treated for planar alignment of the director, resulting in a film of thickness several hundred nm in the smectic-A phase. In both doped and undoped samples, the competing boundary conditions - planar alignment at the substrate and vertical alignment at the free surface - cause the liquid crystal to break into a series of flattened hemicylinders to satisfy the boundary conditions. When viewed under an optical microscope with crossed polarizers, this structure results in a series of dark and light stripes ("oily streaks") of period ∼1 μm. In the absence of chiral dopant the stripes run perpendicular to the substrate's easy axis. However, when doped with chiral CB15 at concentrations up to c = 4 wt%, the stripe orientation rotates by a temperature-dependent angle φ with respect to the c = 0 stripe orientation, where φ increases monotonically with c. φ is largest just below the nematic - smectic-A transition temperature TNA and decreases with decreasing temperature. As the temperature is lowered, φ relaxes to a steady-state orientation close to zero within ∼1 °C of TNA. We suggest that the rotation phenomenon is a manifestation of the surface electroclinic effect: The rotation is due to the weak smectic order parameter and resulting large director tilt susceptibility with respect to the smectic layer normal near TNA, in conjunction with an effective surface electric field due to polar interactions between the liquid crystal and substrate.
Fast multidimensional parallel Euclidean distance transform based on mathematical morphology (2002)

The paper presents a novel Euclidean distance transform algorithm formulated under the mathematical morphology approach. The distance transform is an erosion by a structuring function dependent on the distance metric used. To achieve high speed performance, the squared Euclidean distance structuring function is decomposed into a family of four one-dimensional two-point structuring functions. The erosion algorithm is based on a propagation scheme which resulted in an overall Euclidean distance transform algorithm very simple to code and understand, yet with speed performance compared to the Chamfer 3-5-7 sequential raster and anti-raster algorithm.
Ocular Drug Delivery for Glaucoma Management (2012)

Current glaucoma management modalities are hindered by low patient compliance and adherence. This can be due to highly complex treatment strategies or poor patient understanding. Treatments focus on the management or reduction of intraocular pressure. This is most commonly done through the use of daily topical eye drops. Unfortunately, despite effective therapies, glaucoma continues to progress, possibly due to patients not adhering to their treatments. In order to mitigate these patient compliance issues, many sustained release treatments are being researched and are entering the clinic. Conjunctival, subconjunctival, and intravitreal inserts, punctal plugs, and drug depots are currently in clinical development. Each delivery system has hurdles, yet shows promise and could potentially mitigate the current problems associated with poor patient compliance.
Acute infectious bursal disease in poultry: A review (2000)

This review is focused on the acute form of infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by very virulent IBD virus (vvIBDV). First described in Europe about 10 years ago, this new form of the disease has rapidly spread all over the world, causing dramatic losses; after a decade, it still represents a considerable threat to the poultry industry. Emergence of the acute forms of the disease has drastically changed the epidemiology of IBD. Although their origin is still under investigation, vvIBDVs have spread all over the world in a very explosive but conserved manner. This raises the question of the origin of vvIBDVs, of the possible existence of reservoirs and of the possible emergence of new, distinct lineages in the future. While it has become clear that amino acids within the variable region of virus protein VP2 account for the molecular basis of antigenic variation, no definite hot spot that determines pathogenicity has been identified. Fingerprints of VP2 on vvIBDVs have to be considered more as common evolutionary markers than as virulence markers. The search for such markers is in progress. Pathogenesis of the disease is still poorly understood, and cytokines might play a crucial role in the onset of the disease and in the development of immunosuppression. Mechanisms such as apoptosis and necrosis have been described in lymphoid organs and are involved in the severity of the disease. Macrophages, especially, could play a specific role in the acute phase. Classical serotype 1 vaccines still induce good protection, but the actual problem for control of the disease has became the interference of maternally derived antibody in the establishment of the vaccination schedule. The development of safe vaccines that could either transmit a high passive immunity which could protect broilers during the whole growing period or prime an immune response before or at hatching in the presence of passive immunity might be established in the near future. In this context, recombinant vaccines and virus-neutralizing factor technology might have an advantage over other approaches.
An Intelligent On-line Recommendation System in B2C Apparel e-Commerce (2010)

Current apparel e-commerce systems support online shopping based on electronic product catalogs. The major issues associated with catalog-based commerce systems are: difficulty in distinguishing one retailer from another, complex navigation with confusing links, and a lack of personalized service. This paper reports an intelligent solution to address these issues. Our solution will provide a personalized apparel recommendation B2C application system through the use of an apparel design knowledge model that includes both the apparel dressing rules as well as the corresponding customer personal information used for reasoning. Based on this solution, we proposed an intelligent apparel on-line recommendation platform that is supported by a framework which provides the desired personalization. This paper reports our design and analysis for this system.
A high-frequency low-power all-NMOS all-current-mirror sinusoidal quadrature oscillator (2004)

A high-frequency low-power sinusoidal quadrature oscillator is presented through the use of only current mirrors where the small-signal paths are realized through all NMOS transistors. The technique is relatively simple based on (i) inherent time constants of current mirrors, i.e. the internal capacitances and the transconductance of a diode-connected NMOS, (ii) a negative resistance formed by a transconductance of a diode-connected NMOS load of a current mirror. No external passive components are required. As a particular example, a 2.83-GHz, 0.374-f/sub T/, 0.38-mW sinusoidal quadrature oscillator is demonstrated. Total harmonic distortions (THD) are less than 0.8 %. The oscillation frequency is current-tunable over a range of 640 MHz or 22.62 %. The amplitude matching and the quadrature phase matching are better than 0.04 dB and 0.17/spl deg/, respectively. A figure of merit called CNR/sub norm/ is 158.23 dBc/Hz at the 2 MHz offset from 2.83 GHz.
Digital signal processing schemes for efficient interpolation and decimation (1983)

In this paper a new structure for sampling rate alteration is presented in which efficiency is achieved by performing all necessary processing at the low sampling rate. Moreover the repeated use of a single processing block makes this structure highly modular and eminently suitable for LSI/VLSI implementation. Particular emphasis is placed on decimating and interpolating by a factor of two. The proposed structures offer very desirable properties in addition to the above and, in particular, in relation to their insensitivity with respect to reduced wordlength performance. Sampling-rate alteration by factors other than two is also examined and design procedures are given. The paper contains extensive tables and graphs to facilitate the design of these structures by estimating the required order and parameters for the given requirements before attempting any optimisation. In the case of interpolating by a factor two an analytic equiripple solution is given. The paper includes some design examples with performance evaluation under different wordlengths.
Clock Tree Synthesis with XOR Gates for Polarity Assignment (2010)

A novel clock tree synthesis (CTS) method is proposed that improves the reliability of an integrated circuit system through reducing the peak current on the power/ground rails drawn by the clock tree buffers. The proposed CTS method entails the integration of XOR gates at one level of the clock tree to enable polarity assignment for peak current reduction. Unlike previous polarity assignment methods, the skew of the generated clock tree with XORs is preserved as the physical layout of the clock tree is preserved during the polarity assignment process. Furthermore, the proposed clock tree permits the implementation of most of the previous polarity assignment methods through configurability of the control input of the XOR gates. Experimental results show that the peak current on the power/ground rails of the clock tree is reduced by an average of 55.2% without any degradation in the original clock skew.
Dye-Surfactant Interactions. A Spectral Study (1986)

Chemical Laboratories, University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur-342 001 Dye-Surfactant Interactions. A Spectral Study.
Quantitative Limits on Small Molecule Transport via the Electropermeome — Measuring and Modeling Single Nanosecond Perturbations (2017)

The detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the permeabilization of cell membranes by pulsed electric fields (electroporation) remain obscure despite decades of investigative effort. To advance beyond descriptive schematics to the development of robust, predictive models, empirical parameters in existing models must be replaced with physics- and biology-based terms anchored in experimental observations. We report here absolute values for the uptake of YO-PRO-1, a small-molecule fluorescent indicator of membrane integrity, into cells after a single electric pulse lasting only 6 ns. We correlate these measured values, based on fluorescence microphotometry of hundreds of individual cells, with a diffusion-based geometric analysis of pore-mediated transport and with molecular simulations of transport across electropores in a phospholipid bilayer. The results challenge the "drift and diffusion through a pore" model that dominates conventional explanatory schemes for the electroporative transfer of small molecules into cells and point to the necessity for a more complex model.
A Time-Optimal Digital Position Controller Using a Permanent-Magnet DC Servomotor (1972)

The practical implementation of minimum-time control of angular position using a permanent-magnet dc servomotor is considered. First an analog time-optimal controller derived from the switching characteristics is discussed. This leads to the digital controller based on the quantization of these characteristics. The use of a suitable digital tachometer makes it possible to reach the theoretical minimum time.
Multi-output Galois field sum of products synthesis with new quantum cascades (2004)

Galois Field Sum of Products (GFSOP) leads to efficient multi-valued reversible circuit synthesis using quantum gates. In this paper, we propose a new generalization of ternary Toffoli gate and another new generalized reversible ternary gale with discussion of their quantum realizations. Algorithms for synthesizing ternary GFSOP using quantum cascades of these gates are proposed In both the synthesis methods, 5 ternary shift operators and ternary swap gate are used We also propose quantum realizations of 5 ternary shift operators and ternary swap gate. In the cascades of the new ternary gates, local mirrors, variable ordering, and product ordering techniques are used to reduce the circuit cost. Experimental results show that the cascade of the new ternary gates is more efficient than the cascade of ternary Toffoli gates.
Transparent sculpture (2013)

Toward ecologically distributed interactions of sound in the real world, this paper presents an embodied auditory interface for a sound sculpture; it is composed of orientations' structure of sounds from directional speakers and a pedestal to capture a certain real space.
Towards the evolution of an artificial homeostatic system (2008)

This paper presents an artificial homeostatic system (AHS) devoted to the autonomous navigation of mobile robots, with emphasis on neuro-endocrine interactions. The AHS is composed of two modules, each one associated with a particular reactive task and both implemented using an extended version of the GasNet neural model, denoted spatially unconstrained GasNet model or simply non-spatial GasNet (NSGasNet). There is a coordination system, which is responsible for the specific role of each NSGasNet at a given operational condition. The switching among the NSGasNets is implemented as an artificial endocrine system (AES), which is based on a system of coupled nonlinear difference equations. The NSGasNets are synthesized by means of an evolutionary algorithm. The obtained neuro-endocrine controller is adopted in simulated and real benchmark applications, and the additional flexibility provided by the use of NSGasNet, together with the existence of an automatic coordination system, guides to convincing levels of performance.
RAGE limits regeneration after massive liver injury by coordinated suppression of TNF-α and NF-κB (2005)

The exquisite ability of the liver to regenerate is finite. Identification of mechanisms that limit regeneration after massive injury holds the key to expanding the limits of liver transplantation and salvaging livers and hosts overwhelmed by carcinoma and toxic insults. Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is up-regulated in liver remnants selectively after massive (85%) versus partial (70%) hepatectomy, principally in mononuclear phagocyte-derived dendritic cells (MPDDCs). Blockade of RAGE, using pharmacological antagonists or transgenic mice in which a signaling-deficient RAGE mutant is expressed in cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage, significantly increases survival after massive liver resection. In the first hours after massive resection, remnants retrieved from RAGE-blocked mice displayed increased activated NF-kappaB, principally in hepatocytes, and enhanced expression of regeneration-promoting cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-6, and the antiinflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Hepatocyte proliferation was increased by RAGE blockade, in parallel with significantly reduced apoptosis. These data highlight central roles for RAGE and MPDDCs in modulation of cell death-promoting mechanisms in massive hepatectomy and suggest that RAGE blockade is a novel strategy to promote regeneration in the massively injured liver.
Detergent‐Free Formation and Physicochemical Characterization of Nanosized Lipid–Polymer Complexes: Lipodisq (2012)

Lipodisq particles are polymer–lipid complexes formed by detergent-free methods. Lipodisq particles containing dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) are characterized by increased lipid ordering compared to a DMPC dispersion. The styrene and maleic acid groups of the polymer interact with the DMPC lipid chains in bilayers, as well as lipid headgroups in the Lipodisq periphery (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The corporate university: meeting the learning needs of a changing workforce (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this article is to detail the importance of providing structured learning solutions and to give an overview of the Alcatel‐Lucent University. Design/methodology/approach The article looks into the Alcatel‐Lucent University itself, its approach, the benefits to employees and customers and its future. Findings This article shows that a structured, comprehensive approach to learning, such as a corporate university, can bring company‐wide benefits. Originality/value The corporate university solution of the Alcatel‐Lucent University has brought a number of benefits to both employees and customers and proved the best solution to Alcatel‐Lucent's learning needs.
Diazepam metabolism by cDNA-expressed human 2C P450s: identification of P4502C18 and P4502C19 as low K(M) diazepam N-demethylases. (1997)

The present study provides a detailed kinetic analysis of diazepam metabolism by all four known members of the human P4502C subfamily expressed from their cDNAs in Escherichia coli. Both P4502C18 and P4502C19 were found to be low K(M) diazepam N-demethylases with apparent K(M) values of 24 +/- 4 microM and 21 +/- 3 microM, respectively. These values closely resemble the low K(M) component of diazepam N-demethylase activity exhibited by human liver microsomes. In addition, P4502C19 also catalyzed diazepam 3-hydroxylation with a K(M) value of 21 +/- 9 microM. Although P4502C8 was essentially inactive in catalyzing diazepam metabolism, P4502C9 catalyzed the N-demethylation with a relatively high K(M) of 80 +/- 15 microM and an overall 3- to 6-fold lower catalytic efficiency, compared with P4502C18 and P4502C19, respectively. At a substrate concentration of 10 microM, diazepam N-demethylation in a panel of human liver microsomes was inhibited 42 +/- 12% (mean +/- SD, N = 6) by a polyclonal anti-CYP2C antibody. In the same experiment, 3-hydroxylation remained unaffected (<10% inhibition). 1 microM of the CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole inhibited 37 +/- 19% of the N-demethylation and 86 +/- 5% of 3-hydroxylation. Estimates of relative contributions to diazepam N-demethylation of P4502C9 (8 +/- 4%), P4502C18 (<2%), and P4502C19 (33 +/- 14%) and to diazepam 3-hydroxylation of P4502C19 (9 +/- 3%) based on the kinetic parameters of the recombinant enzymes and on specific contents of the individual 2C P450s determined in immunoblots are consistent with the inhibition data. In conclusion, these data confirm that both P4502C19 and P4503A are major contributors to human liver microsomal diazepam N-demethylation at low substrate concentrations, whereas P4503A is the major enzyme responsible for 3-hydroxylation.
A YAC contig map of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> chromosome 3 (1998)

We have constructed a YAC contig map of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3. From an estimated total size of 25 Mb, about 21 Mb were covered by 148 clones arranged into nine YAC contigs, which represented most of the low-copy regions of the chromosome. YAC clones were anchored with 259 molecular markers, including 111 for which linkage information was previously available. Most of the genetic map was included in the YAC coverage, and more than 60% of the genetic markers from the reference recombinant inbred line map were anchored, giving a high level of integration between the genetic and physical maps. The submetacentric structure of the chromosome was confirmed by physical data; 3R (the top arm of the linkage map) was about 12 Mb, and 3L (the bottom arm of the linkage map) was about 9 Mb. This YAC physical map will aid in chromosome walking experiments and provide a framework for large-scale DNA sequencing of chromosome 3.
Laser drilling of micro-hole arrays in tantalum (2015)

X ray collimator optics for space application require an array of high aspect ratio holes of 60:1 with a minimal tantalum (Ta) thickness of ≥2 mm and a very high open area fraction (hole versus wall fraction) of 70% to achieve high collimator efficiency. Each collimator with a drilled area of 110 mm × 70 mm contains several million holes and need a fast drilling process. Laser percussion drilling was performed using an IR pulsed disk laser in a 1 and 2 mm thick Ta plate. A tightly spaced hexagonal closed packed pattern was used to maximize open area fraction with hole-to-hole spacing as small as 80 μm. However, this resulted in a high concentration of debris and a thick recast layer on the remaining walls between the holes. Different process gases were investigated to minimize debris formation and reduce the recast layer thickness. Ramping of pulse energy during the drill cycle was investigated to minimize the adhesion between the substrate and recast layer. Chemical etching was used to remove the debris and recast from the top surface and the inside of the laser-drilled holes. Hole cross sections showed that a high aspect ratio was achieved with a hole diameter of about Ø50 μm in 2 mm thick Ta. To achieve the shortest drilling time of 200 ms per hole, the process parameters were optimized and a hybrid nozzle, with both horizontal and vertical gas flow, was developed and implemented.
Strain variation in antiphagocytic activity of capsular polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A (1989)

Strains of Cryptococcus neoformans vary in resistance to phagocytosis in vitro. The binding of isolated capsular polysaccharide (CPS) to a capsule-free mutant of C. neoformans confers resistance to phagocytosis. The importance of capsule composition to differences among strains in susceptibility to phagocytosis was evaluated. CPSs from five strains of C. neoformans serotype A, designated 6, 15, 98, 110, and 145, which had previously been isolated and characterized as to molecular size, composition, and binding properties, were evaluated for relative antiphagocytic potencies. In the presence of 5% normal isologous serum, murine thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages phagocytized (i.e., attached to or engulfed) 80% of 51Cr-labeled cells of C. neoformans 602, a capsule-free mutant. Added CPS inhibited the uptake of these yeast cells. CPS from strain 110 was most potent, followed in decreasing order of inhibitory activity by CPSs from strains 6, 145, 98, and 15. The presence of 100 micrograms of strain 110 CPS per ml reduced uptake of cells of strain 602 from 80 to 50%. CPS had no effect on the uptake of 51Cr-labeled Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells of strain 602 that were preincubated with CPS and then washed were more resistant to phagocytosis than nonpretreated control cells, indicating the importance of bound, not free, CPS. Added CPS did not affect the uptake of wild-type, encapsulated cells of C. neoformans. Addition of endotoxin had no effect on phagocytosis. CPSs from strains of C. neoformans serotype A varied widely in their abilities to inhibit the uptake of capsule-free cells. The antiphagocytic activity of CPS did not correlate with the ability to bind to capsule-free mutant but was somewhat related to the capsule size of the strain from which the CPS was isolated.
The Verdict on a Bill of Rights Is Already Decided (2009)

Last December the Commonwealth Attorney-General announced his less than even-handed four-person consultation committee on whether to enact a statutory bill (or charter) of rights. It is chaired by Father Frank Brennan, who is on record as being sympathetic to a statutory bill of rights, though not a constitutionalised one. In the official announcement of the composition of this committee Father Frank is listed as a 'fence sitter', but it might be less disingenuous to say that up until his date of appointment to chair this committee he leaned towards the sort of statutory bill of rights the Attorney-General who appointed him is known to favour.
Synthesis of an Fmoc<i>N</i>-Methyl 1H-Pyrrole Amino Acid Pentafluoro-Phenol Ester (1999)

Abstract A derivative of 4-amino-N-methyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid was synthesized which is suitable for automated solid phase Fmoc protocols.