gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate Biotechnology Protocols (1999)

Introduction to Carbohydrate Biotechnology, Christopher Bucke. Production and Isolation of Xanthan Gum, Felix Garcia-Ochoa, Victoria E. Santos, and Jose A. Casas. Alginate from Azotobacter vinelandii, Francesca Clementi, Mauro Moresi, and Eugenio Parente. Production of Schizophyllan, Udo Rau. Enzymatic Synthesis of Cellulose, Shiro Kobayashi, Shin-ichiro Shoda, Michael J. Donnelly, and Stephen P. Church. Modification of Alginate Using Mannuronan C-5-Epimerases, Helga Ertesvag and Gudmund Skjak-Braek. Viscosity Control of Guar Polysaccharide Solutions by Treatment with Galactose Oxidase and Catalase Enzymes, Michael J. Donnelly. The Production of Cyclodextrins Using CGTase from Bacillus macerans, Jacob A. Rendleman, Jr. Production of Microbial Glycolipids, Siegmund Lang. Partial Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Starch to Maltodextrins on the Laboratory Scale, Leon M. Marchal. The Production of a(1Ae2)-Terminated Glucooligosaccharides, Marguerite Dols, Vincent Monchois, Magali Remaud-Simeon, Rene-Marc Willemot, and Pierre F. Monsan. Enzymatic Production of Fructooligosaccharides from Sucrose, Jong Won Yun and Seung Koo Song. Enzymatic Production of Inulooligosaccharides from Inulin, Jon Won Yun and Dong Hyun Kim. One-Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Sialyl T-Epitope, Vladimir Kren. Hydrolysis of Hemicelluloses Using Combinations of Xylanases and Feruloyl Esterases, Craig B. Faulds, Paul A. Kroon, Begona Bartolome, and Gary Williamson. Enzymatic Depolymerization of Chitins and Chitosans, Riccardo A. A. Muzzarelli, Vesna Stanic, and Viviana Ramos. Synthesis of Homo- and Hetero-Oligosaccharides from Underivatized Sugars Using Glycosidases, Christopher Bucke, John Packwood, Sony Suwasono, and Robert A. Rastall. Use of Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE(R)) in the Elucidation of N-Linked Oligosaccharide Structures, Harish P. M. Kumar, Patricia A. Denny, and Paul C. Denny. Application of Sucrose Synthase in the Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars and Saccharides,Astrid Zervosen and Lothar Elling. Production of Isomaltulose Using Immobilized Bacterial Cells, Peter S. J. Cheetham and Christopher Bucke. The Production of Mannitol by Fermentation, Wim Soetaert, Petra T. Vanhooren, and Erick J. Vandamme. The Production of 3-Keto-Derivatives of Disaccharides, Eberhard Stoppok and Klaus Buchholz. Enzymatic Synthesis of a-Butylglucoside in a Biphasic Butanol-Water System Using the a-Transglucosidase from Aspergillus niger, Marie-Pierre Bousquet, Rene-Marc Willemot, Pierre F. Monsan, Francois Paul, and Emmanuel Boures. Enzymatic Glycosylation of Aglycones of Pharmacological Significance, Yukio Suzuki and Kei Uchida. Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycosides in Aqueous-Organic Two-Phase Systems and Supersaturated Substrate Solutions, Jeffrey A. Khan, Anna Millqvist-Fureby, and Evgeny N. Vulfson. Use of b-Glucosidase in the Development of Flavor in Wines and Fruit Juices, Yannick Gueguen, Patrick Chemardin, Guilhem Janbon, Alain Arnaud, and Pierre Galzy. Index.
Remote p-Doping of InAs Nanowires (2007)

We report on remote p-type doping of InAs nanowires by a p-doped InP shell grown epitaxially on the core nanowire. This approach addresses the challenge of obtaining quantitative control of doping levels in nanowires grown by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. Remote doping of III-V nanowires is demonstrated here with the InAs/InP system. It is especially challenging to make p-type InAs wires because of Fermi level pinning around 0.1 eV above the conduction band. We demonstrate that shielding with a p-doped InP shell compensates for the built-in potential and donates free holes to the InAs core. Moreover, the off-current in field-effect devices can be reduced up to 6 orders of magnitude. The effect of shielding critically depends on the thickness of the InP capping layer and the dopant concentration in the shell.
Noble-gas ion bombardment on clean silicon surfaces (1988)

Under UHV conditions clean c-Si(111) surfaces have been bombarded at room temperature by noble gases (He,Ne,Ar,Kr). Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, the implantation processes were continuously recorded. A low-dose behavior (amorphization) and a high-dose behavior (dilution) are observed. After termination of the bombardment, a self-anneal behavior appears and some experiments are discussed in order to explain the observed phenomena. After applying a monotonous temperature increase up to 1100 K, the noble gas desorbs and the surface layer returns to the original state, as can be seen from a closed trajectory in the (\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\psi},\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\Delta}) plane. The low-dose behavior is analyzed in the scope of a simple ellipsometric first-order approximation, and the results obtained are compared with theory. The dilution arising during the high-dose behavior can be explained ellipsometrically by means of microscopic surface roughness, and some complementary measurements are reported to verify this explanation.
Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) binds to a Trio-like polypeptide, with a rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain (1997)

Huntington's disease (HD) occurs when the widely expressed protein huntingtin contains an expanded glutamine repeat. The selective degeneration and neuronal morphologic abnormalities of HD may involve interactions with proteins that bind to huntingtin, such as HAP1. The biological significance of this interaction is unclear because neither HAP1 nor huntingtin have significant homology to known proteins. Therefore, we sought to identify HAP1-binding proteins. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we isolated a rat cDNA encoding part of a protein that interacts with HAP1, and we confirmed the specificity of this interaction using an in vitro protein-binding assay. We called the protein Duo because it is closely related to the human protein Trio but is shorter. Northern blot analysis indicates brain-specific expression of Duo. Human Duo contains a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domain that is likely to be rac1-specific, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and spectrin-like repeat units. These data support the hypothesis that huntingtin is involved in vesicle trafficking and cytoskeletal functions, and raise the possibility of a role for huntingtin in the regulation of a ras-related signaling pathway.
Flash defect eyes correction in images with auto-focus failure (2011)

This paper presents the combined effect of two of the most challenging problems of low light: auto-focus (AF) error and how it impacts on automatic red-eye removal algorithms. We propose an algorithm to overcome the issues which consists of understanding the level of blur in the input image and simulation of the Bokeh effect on the corrected pixels. The algorithm is designed to avoid complex computations which cannot run in embedded devices such as digital cameras.
Pose Information Assisted 60 GHz Networks (2017)

60 GHz millimeter-wave networking has emerged as the next frontier technology to provide multi-Gbps wireless connectivity. However, the intrinsic directionality and limited field-of-view of 60 GHz antennas make the links extremely sensitive to user mobility and orientation change. Hence, seamless coverage, even at room level, becomes challenging. In this paper, we propose Pia, a robust 60 GHz network architecture that can provide seamless coverage and mobility support at multi-Gbps bitrate. Pia comprises multiple cooperating access points (APs). It leverages the pose information on mobile clients to proactively select the AP and manage multi-link spatial reuse. These decisions require a model of the pose/location of the APs and ambient reflectors. We address these challenges through a set of AP-pose sensing and compressive angle estimation algorithms that fuse the pose measurement with link quality measurement on the client. We have implemented Pia using commodity 60 GHz platforms. Our experiments show that Pia reduces the occurrence of link outage by 6.3x and improves the spatial sharing capacity by 76%, compared to conventional schemes that only use in-band information for adaptation.
Composite signal flow (2000)

The composite signal flow model of computation targets systems with significant control and data processing parts. It builds on the data flow and synchronous data flow models and extends them to include three signal types: nonperiodic signals, sampled signals, and vectorized sampled signals. Vectorized sampled signals are used to represent vectors and computations on vectors. Several conversion processes are introduced to facilitate synchronization and communication with these signals. We discuss the severe implications, that these processes have on the causal behaviour of the system.
The Perceptual Objective Listening Quality Assessment algorithm in telecommunication: Introduction of ITU-T new metrics POLQA (2012)

In order to accomplish speech quality evaluation tasks in an efficient and economical way, objective computational models which simulate human hearing characteristics of speech perception have been intensively researched in the past decades. Several models have already been developed and standardized in telecommunication industry to assess the listening quality of speech signals transmitted through telecommunication network or generated by voice-communication terminals. Among those standardized models, POLQA, short for Perceptual Objective Listening Quality Assessment, is the newest generation objective metrics designed to address the shortcoming and weakness existed in previous published models such as PESQ and PSQM. This paper gives an overview of POLQA characteristics and describes the functional modules utilized in POLQA at the algorithm level. Furthermore the performance of this new model evaluated by standardization group, which reflects the correlation between objective scores outputted by this model to subjective scores, is also shown.
Determination of Enantiomers of Synthetic Pyrethroids in Water by Solid Phase Microextraction − Enantioselective Gas Chromatography (2004)

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is an ideal sample preparation technique because of its speed and solvent-free features. Sampling by SPME is selective and only the dissolved concentration is measured, which allows measurement of the bioavailable fraction of a contaminant in aqueous media. One potential application of SPME is for analysis of enantiomers of chiral contaminants in environmental samples. In this study, a method was developed for determining enantiomers of (Z)-cis-bifenthrin and cis-permethrin in water using coupled SPME and enantioselective gas chromatography (GC). Following SPME sampling, enantiomers of (Z)-cis-bifenthrin and cis-permethrin were separated at the baseline on a beta-cyclodextrin-based enantioselective column, and analyte enrichment onto the SPME fiber was not enantioselective. The GC response increased as sampling time was increased from 0 to 240 min, and as sampling temperature was increased from 20 to 40 degrees C. Organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, and acetonitrile enhanced, while soil extracts slightly decreased, the GC response. The integrated SPME-enantioselective GC method was used to analyze surface runoff samples. The analysis showed preferential degradation of the 1S-3S enantiomer over the 1R-3R enantiomer for both (Z)-cis-bifenthrin and cis-permethrin. The concentrations detected by SPME-GC were substantially smaller than those determined following solvent extraction, suggesting that SPME-enantioselective GC analysis selectively measured the dissolved fraction.
Tin whiskers studied by focused ion beam imaging and transmission electron microscopy (2002)

In surface mount technology of electronic packaging, the lead frames are finished with a layer of Pb-free solder. A large number of Sn whiskers are found on the surface of the finish, especially that of eutectic SnCu or pure Sn. The whiskers have a faster growth rate on an eutectic SnCu finish than on a pure Sn finish. Some of the whiskers on SnCu are long enough to short neighboring legs of the lead frame. We report here the study of spontaneous growth of Sn whiskers on these finishes using focused ion beam imaging and transmission electron microscopy. Cross-sectional samples, both normal and parallel to the growth direction of a whisker, were prepared. Precipitates of Cu6Sn5 in the grain boundaries of the finishes have been found. The growth of these grain boundary precipitates, due to the chemical reaction between Cu and Sn at room temperature, provides the driving force for spontaneous Sn whisker growth. Many more of these grain boundary precipitates exist in the SnCu finish than in the pure Sn finish. This is the main reason why Sn whiskers grow faster on the SnCu finish.
Spatial knowledge representation and retrieval in 3-D image databases (2002)

In multimedia retrieval applications such as architectural design, interior design, and real estate marketing, there exists a generic class of user queries that require retrieving images in the database that are spatially similar to the user query. We propose an image representation scheme (referred to as 3D spatial orientation graph or simply SOG) and an algorithm (referred to as SIM/sub 3D/) for retrieving 3D images of relevance (based on spatial similarity) to user queries from large image collections. Spatial similarity between a query and a database image is quantified based on the number as well as the extent to which the edges of SOG of the database image conform to the corresponding edges in the SOG of the query image. The time complexity of SIM/sub 3D/ is /spl Theta/(|E/sub q/|+|E/sub d/|) where |E/sub q/| and |E/sub d/| are the number of edges in the query and database images. SIM/sub 3D/ is robust in the sense that it can recognize translation and scale variants of apt image and these properties are shown formally. The effectiveness of SIM/sub 3D/ is evaluated using a testbed image collection. The testbed comprises 60 images and are produced by generating 3 variants of each of the 15 original images. Image variants are produced by translation and scale transformations, and an arbitrary composition of these two transformations. The variants are designed to examine the robustness of the proposed algorithm. The results produced by the algorithm on a set of test queries are in agreement with the intuitively expected results.
Congenital heart surgery (1992)

In reviewing selected publications on congenital heart disease management for 1990 and 1991, some topics have been chosen for discussion, including isolated patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, critical aortic stenosis in early infancy, hypoplastic left-heart syndrome, pulmonary artery banding, Fontan procedures, pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum, Ebstein's anomaly, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, and others.
Water-in-CO<sub>2</sub> Microemulsions as Nanoreactors for Synthesizing CdS and ZnS Nanoparticles in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (2002)

Semiconductor nanopaparticles of CdS and ZnS were synthesized by mixing two water-in-CO2 microemulsions with one containing S2- ions and the other containing Cd2+ or Zn2+ ions in the water core. Nanoparticle formation was monitored in situ by measuring their absorption spectra in the UV−vis range using a high-pressure fiber-optic system. The size of the nanoparticles formed in the microemulsion was found to depend on the water-to-surfactant ratio (W). At W = 6 and 12, the band gaps of CdS were calculated to be 3.50 and 3.15 eV, corresponding to particle radii of 1.4 and 1.7 nm, respectively. The ZnS particles synthesized at W = 12 showed a band gap of 4.26 eV, corresponding to a mean particle radius of 1.6 nm. This microemulsion-plus-microemulsion approach offers a simple method for synthesizing various nanoparticles in supercritical CO2 using water-soluble reagents as starting materials.
A simplified microwave-based motion detector for home cage activity monitoring in mice (2017)

In this study we have demonstrated that our proposed low-cost microwave-based motion detector is well-suited for the study of circadian rhythms in mice.
Centimeter-wave microstrip phase shifter on a ferrite-dielectric substrate (1989)

The propagation characteristics and fields of a microstrip transmission line on a composite ferrite-dielectric substrate are studied with a focus on its phase-shifting behavior. Two different methods are used for theoretical analysis, namely, the least-squares boundary residual method, which offers high precision, and a variational method in the spectral domain which requires a low computing time. Quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) propagation is assumed in both cases. The results obtained are compared to experimental data, and good agreement is observed. Besides its easy design, this phase shifter presents the advantage of having a good peak power handling capacity as well as a low production cost because of the ease with which it can be integrated in planar systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Behavior of an <i>Aeromonas hydrophila aroA</i> Live Vaccine in Water Microcosms (2004)

Genetically modified auxotrophic mutants of different fish pathogens have been used as live vaccines in laboratory experiments, but the behavior of the strains after release into aquatic ecosystems has not been characterized. We previously constructed and characterized an aroA mutant of Aeromonas hydrophila and studied the protection afforded by this mutant as a live vaccine in rainbow trout. In this work, we describe the survival of this strain in aquatic microcosms prepared from fish water tanks. The aroA mutant disappeared rapidly in nonfiltered, nonautoclaved fish tank water, declining below detection levels after 15 days, suggesting an inhibitory effect of the autochthonous microflora of the water. When the aroA strain was used to inoculate sterilized water, its culturability was lower than that of wild-type strain A. hydrophila AG2; after long periods of incubation, aroA cells were able to enter a viable but nonculturable state. Entry into this nonculturable state was accompanied by changes in the cell morphology from rods to spheres, but the cells appeared to remain potentially viable, as assessed by the preservation of cell membrane integrity. Supplementation of the culture medium with sodium pyruvate favored the culturability and resuscitation of the two A. hydrophila strains at low temperatures (6 and 16 degrees C). These results contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of the aroA strain in natural environments and suggest that the inactivation of the aroA gene may be beneficial for the safety of this live vaccine for aquacultures.
Recent progress on synthesis of ceramics core/shell nanostructures (2013)

Thin surface layers on fine particles were found to substantially change their functionalities and properties, such as chemical reactivity, thermal stability, catalytic activity, dispersibility, or optical, magnetic and electronic properties. Because of that, the core/shell nanostructures have opened up research opportunities in almost all areas of science and engineering, including medicine, catalysis, biotechnology, chemistry, optics, electronics, energy storage, etc. Immense efforts have been implied to produce and investigate different core/ shell systems, and thereby, various synthesis techniques have been developed. In this review, we report a detailed overview of different synthesis techniques used for preparation of various ceramics core/shell nanostructures with tunable size and tailored structure.
Cooperative intersection management: Real implementation and feasibility study of a sequence based protocol for urban applications (2012)

This paper is a step towards a realization of a new way of controlling the ordinary traffic at urban intersections. The right of way is addressed to each vehicle individually, according to an optimized sequence. The paper aims to deepen the feasibility issue of a protocol dedicated to human drivers (ordinary vehicles). The proposed protocol is tested through a realistic intersection where vehicles are safely directed through the intersection. The implementation has raised some issues related to wireless communication and positioning systems. These issues are discussed and solutions are given for controlling particular intersections in urban area.
Action of Phospholipase A at Interfaces (1973)

Abstract The heterogeneous catalysis of pancreatic phospholipase A (EC 3.1.1.4) is studied by kinetics on monomolecular layers of short chain phospholipids. Under certain conditions long induction times are observed experimentally which can be related with a slow reversible penetration of the enzyme into the monolayer. The influence of surface pressure, pH, sodium chloride, and Ca2+ ions on this penetration step is reported. Based on a proposed two-dimensional Michaelis model, steady state and presteady state equations are derived and together with computer analysis show a good fit with the experimental results. A quantitative comparison between enzyme kinetics obtained by monolayer and bulk techniques is attempted using a common definition of the quality of the lipid-water interface. Possible implications of the concept of a penetration site on the enzyme are discussed.
Bit and Mill Selection and Design for Coiled Tubing Applications (2000)

Abstract This paper will identify the increasingly stringent requirements of bit and mill design associated with small holes (particularly &lt;3½") for use with coiled tubing. Recommendations are made on the correct slim hole bit/mill design to use when drilling a variety of different targets. In essence, this paper will show that as the bit/mill size decreases, the bit/mill choice becomes driven more by coil and downhole motor considerations; as the bit size increases, the bit choice becomes driven more by the properties of the target to be drilled.
Investigating the Shopping Orientations on Online Purchase Intention in the e-Commerce Environment: A Malaysian Study (2010)

The rapid growth of Internet technology development has enabled Malaysian consumers to purchase products or services from web-retailers and to search for product information over the Internet. As such, it is vital to identify the determinants of the customer online purchase intention. The first objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of shopping orientations on customer online purchase intention. The second objective is to identify which construct has the greatest impact on purchase intention. The findings revealed that impulse purchase intention, quality orientation, brand orientation and convenience orientation are positively related to the customer online purchase intention. It is also discovered that convenience orientation is the most important contributor to the online purchase intention.
Methods of addressing the interactions of intelligent network services with embedded switch services (1988)

A key factor in the transition of the existing network to an intelligent network (IN) environment is the need to partition the network intelligence and to ensure the coexistence of the embedded switch services with the externally controlled services. If the network intelligence can be defined by entities (e.g. access control and routing, connection control, basic call control, feature control, etc.), then the issue is how to manage their distribution over the evolving network elements (NEs). The authors focus on the early phases of the IN, during a 1991-2 time frame, when these features must interwork with the existing features (e.g. those within the Centrex service). They provide an overview of the features interactions and arbitration policies prevailing in today's network. They then describe the framework for both single- and multinode networked features models. The issues of call control distributed over the NEs of the IN are treated as extensions to the concepts and interfaces needed to provide networked services like areawide Centrex and private virtual networks. A model for offering IN/1+ services is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>