gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Storage, and Release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Vascular Permeability Factor (VEGF/VPF) by Human Mast Cells: Implications for the Biological Significance of VEGF<sub>206</sub> (1998)

Mast cells have been implicated in various diseases that are accompanied by neovascularization. The exact mechanisms by which mast cells might mediate an angiogenic response, however, are unclear and therefore, we have investigated the possible expression of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) in the human mast cell line HMC-1 and in human skin mast cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that mast cells constitutively express VEGF121, VEGF165, and VEGF189. After a prolonged stimulation of cells for 24 h with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the ionophore A23187, an additional transcript representing VEGF206 was detectable, as could be verified by sequence analysis. These results were confirmed at the protein level by Western blot analysis. When the amounts of VEGF released under unstimulated and stimulated conditions were compared, a significant increase was detectable after stimulation of cells. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) responded to the supernatant of unstimulated HMC-1 cells with a dose-dependent mitogenic effect, neutralizable up to 90% in the presence of a VEGF-specific monoclonal antibody. Flow cytometry and postembedding immunoelectron microscopy were used to detect VEGF in its cell-associated form. VEGF was exclusively detectable in the secretory granules of isolated human skin mast cells. These results show that both normal and leukemic human mast cells constitutively express bioactive VEGF. Furthermore, this study contributes to the understanding of the physiological role of the strongly heparin-binding VEGF isoforms, since these were found for the first time to be expressed in an activation-dependent manner in HMC-1 cells.
1A型夏科-马里-图思病患者施万细胞的ErbB2和ErbB3受体过度表达 (2006)

轴突源性神经调节因子（NRGs）是生长因子家族中的成员，与ErbB酪氨酸激酶受体结合，促进施万细胞（SCs）的成熟、增殖及生存。正确的NRG／ErbB的信号表达是轴突-神经胶质复合体稳定的根本，并在周围神经的修复中起重要作用，关于ErbB受体在人类周围神经系统病变中的潜在治疗作用尚未被证实。因此，本研究对不同类型的1型夏科-马里-图思病（CMT1）患者进行神经活检，对EGFR（ErbB1）、ErbB2及ErbB3的免疫反应进行评估，并与其他炎症性神经病变患者和对照者进行比较。最明显的变化是，CMT1A患者SCs的ErbB2和ErbB3过度表达。上述试验结果与SC的分化能力受损以及CMT1A的分子学表型扩展一致，上述受体表达上调可能在复发性脱髓鞘和轴突损伤的髓鞘形成抑制或促进中起作用。
Sensitivity study and optimization of a 3D electric impedance tomography prostate probe (2009)

In current clinical practice, the primary diagnostic method for testing for prostate cancer is ultrasound-guided biopsy. In this paper, we consider using a sonolucent array of electrodes, printed on a thin Kapton layer and positioned on the imaging window of a transrectal ultrasound probe, as a method for providing coregistered electrical and ultrasound imaging of the prostate. As the electrical properties of malignant tissues have been shown to differ significantly from benign tissues, the estimation of the electrical properties is expected to be helpful in distinguishing certain beginning pathologies from cancer and in improving the detection rate that current biopsy methods provide. One of the main difficulties in estimating electrical properties of tissues with this electrode configuration is the rapid decay of the sensitivity with distance from the sensing array. In order to partially overcome this difficulty, we propose to use prior information from the ultrasound (US). Specifically we intend to delineate the boundaries of the prostate from the US, to subdivide the organ into a small number of voxels and to estimate the conductivity as constant on each of these subvolumes. We use a 3D forward model based on the finite element method for studying the sensitivity of a simulated segmented prostate for three different electrode array designs. The three designs present different electrode areas and inter-electrode gaps. Larger electrodes are desirable as they present a better contact, but we show that as they result in smaller inter-electrode gaps, shunting currents can be significant and the sensitivity is reduced. Because our clinical measurement system employs a single current source, we consider tetrapolar measurement patterns for evaluating these electrode configurations. Optimal measurement patterns are well defined for adaptive systems, where multiple currents are injected at the same time. For the electrode array designs we consider, which are three dimensional, there are no established systematic methods for forming sets of linearly independent tetrapolar measurement patterns. We develop a novel method for automatically computing a full set of independent tetrapolar measurement patterns that maximizes the sensitivity in a region of interest (ROI). We use these patterns in the forward modeling and sensitivity studies. In addition to the electrode arrays on the probe, we study the use of a further configuration, where a distal electrode is positioned on the exterior of the body and used for current injection.
Vacuum-evaporated conducting ZnS films (1979)

Conductive crystalline films of ZnS have been deposited by coevaporating ZnS and Al, or In. As-deposited conductive films have been obtained on occasion. Conductive films are consistently obtained with heat treatment subsequent to deposition. Typically, film resistivities are in the range 1–10 Ω cm. Hall mobilities on the order of 775 cm2 V−1 sec−1 have been measured. The results reported here suggest that with improved control of deposition parameters, conductive crystalline ZnS films can be obtained (as deposited) with two-source thermal evaporation.
A Survey on Visual Transformer (2020)

Transformer, first applied to the field of natural language processing, is a type of deep neural network mainly based on the self-attention mechanism. Thanks to its strong representation capabilities, researchers are looking at ways to apply transformer to computer vision tasks. In a variety of visual benchmarks, transformer-based models perform similar to or better than other types of networks such as convolutional and recurrent neural networks. Given its high performance and less need for vision-specific inductive bias, transformer is receiving more and more attention from the computer vision community. In this paper, we review these vision transformer models by categorizing them in different tasks and analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. The main categories we explore include the backbone network, high/mid-level vision, low-level vision, and video processing. We also include efficient transformer methods for pushing transformer into real device-based applications. Furthermore, we also take a brief look at the self-attention mechanism in computer vision, as it is the base component in transformer. Toward the end of this paper, we discuss the challenges and provide several further research directions for vision transformers.
A targeted web crawling for building malicious javascript collection (2009)

Malicious javascript frequently serves as a starting point of web-based attacks, in particular cross-site scripting. Thus detecting malicious javascript before execution can protect users from attacks such as malware infection, drive-by downloads, and even from participating in denial-of-service attacks as part of botnet sometimes. A large collection of malicious javascript would help with detector development, but by the time crawler arrives at blacklisted domains attackers and malicious scripts are often long gone. We have used classifiers to direct a web crawler better towards more likely locations of malicious scripts, and show how this targeted web crawler performs compared to crawler seed with blacklisted-domains.
Overexpression of Candida albicans secretory aspartyl proteinase 2 and its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae do not augment virulence in mice (1998)

To elucidate the implications of secreted aspartyl proteinase (Sap)2p in the pathogenesis of Candida infections, the SAP2 gene was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and overexpressed in Candida albicans. The coding region of SAP2, including its signal sequence and propeptide, was amplified by PCR and cloned downstream of the S. cerevisiae or C. albicans ADH1 promoter. Plasmid expression of SAP2 in S. cerevisiae showed that the signal peptide was functional. Integrative transformation of S. cerevisiae and C. albicans was accomplished by homologous recombination within the URA3 locus for S. cerevisiae and the SAP2 locus for C. albicans. Negative control transformants carried plasmids either without the SAP2 insert or with mutated sap2. S. cerevisiae and C. albicans transformants showed similar growth rates to their parental strains or negative controls, when grown in medium containing amino acids. However, in medium with BSA as sole nitrogen source, constitutive expression of SAP2 enabled S. cerevisiae to grow and increased the growth rate of C. albicans. In both media, only S. cerevisiae transformants harbouring SAP2 secreted the enzyme, as confirmed by proteinase activity assays and immunoblotting. When C. albicans was grown in amino acids medium, the enzyme was detected exclusively in transformants constitutively expressing SAP2. However, in BSA medium these strains secreted enzyme earlier and secreted higher amounts of enzyme and total proteinase activity. In pathogenicity studies in intact mice, expression of Sap2p as a sole putative virulence factor did not cause S. cerevisiae to become virulent and constitutive overexpression of SAP2 did not augment virulence of C. albicans in experimental oral or systemic infection.
CMOS-bipolar monolithic integrated-circuit technology (1973)

This paper describes a new integrated circuit process in which CMOS and bipolar integrated-circuit technologies have been monolithically mated without compromising the performance characteristics of either the bipolar or the CMOS devices. The approach taken has been the addition of the required steps for fabricating CMOS devices to the basic linear-integrated-circuit process. This approach results in the need for one additional photoresist step over the process used for linear integrated circuits with compensating MOS capacitors. The basic processing steps, including the ion-implantation technique used to form the p-wells for the NMOS devices, are presented and discussed. Typical characteristics of the bipolar and CMOS devices fabricated with this process are shown. An amplifier circuit using this process has been fabricated. PMOS input devices are used along with the bipolar devices that provide the functions of current mirrors and high-gain amplifiers. CMOS devices are used in an inverter output stage.
Sensitive Hydrazine Detection Using a Porous Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanofibers‐Based Sensor (2011)

Abstract Following a facile two‐step synthetic route (electrospinning and subsequent calcination), highly porous Mn 2 O 3 nanofibers (Ø 105 nm) were fabricated. The as‐prepared Mn 2 O 3 nanofibers were applied to construct an amperometric sensor for hydrazine detection in neutral phosphate buffer. The developed hydrazine sensor showed a fast response time (within 5 s), a wide linear range up to 644 µM, a high sensitivity of 474 µA mM −1 cm −2 , a good limit of detection of 0.3 µM ( S / N =3) as well as good reproducibility and selectivity. These results demonstrate that Mn 2 O 3 nanofibers have great potential in the application of hydrazine detection.
Decoupling of the brain's default mode network during deep sleep (2009)

The recent discovery of a circuit of brain regions that is highly active in the absence of overt behavior has led to a quest for revealing the possible function of this so-called default-mode network (DMN). A very recent study, finding similarities in awake humans and anesthetized primates, has suggested that DMN activity might not simply reflect ongoing conscious mentation but rather a more general form of network dynamics typical of complex systems. Here, by performing functional MRI in humans, it is shown that a natural, sleep-induced reduction of consciousness is reflected in altered correlation between DMN network components, most notably a reduced involvement of frontal cortex. This suggests that DMN may play an important role in the sustenance of conscious awareness.
Modeling and Solving the Train Timetabling Problem (2002)

The train timetabling problem aims at determining a periodic timetable for a set of trains that does not violate track capacities and satisfies some operational constraints. In particular, we concentrate on the problem of a single, one-way track linking two major stations, with a number of intermediate stations in between. Each train connects two given stations along the track (possibly different from the two major stations) and may have to stop for a minimum time in some of the intermediate stations. Trains can overtake each other only in correspondence of an intermediate station, and a minimum time interval between two consecutive departures and arrivals of trains in each station is specified. In this paper, we propose a graph theoretic formulation for the problem using a directed multigraph in which nodes correspond to departures/arrivals at a certain station at a given time instant. This formulation is used to derive an integer linear programming model that is relaxed in a Lagrangian way. A novel feature of our model is that the variables in the relaxed constraints are associated only with nodes (as opposed to arcs) of the aforementioned graph. This allows a considerable speed-up in the solution of the relaxation. The relaxation is embedded within a heuristic algorithm which makes extensive use of the dual information associated with the Lagrangian multipliers. We report extensive computational results on real-world instances provided from Ferrovie dello Stato SpA, the Italian railway company, and from Ansaldo Segnalamento Ferroviario SpA.
T cell receptor Vβ8.2 gene germ‐line transcription: An early event of lymphocyte differentiation (1994)

Rearrangement of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) beta chain genes is highly regulated in both a developmental and a tissue-specific manner. T cell precursors originate from the yolk sac or fetal liver during gestation and from the bone marrow during adulthood. They initiate the recombination of TCR genes primarily during differentiation in the thymus. It has previously been suggested that transcription of immunoglobulin genes in germ-line configuration is linked to recombination events within these loci. Here, we examine whether germ-line transcription of TCR variable genes coincides with their rearrangement or whether it marks even earlier stages of T lymphocyte development. During gestation, we found V beta 8.2 germ-line transcripts in the fetal liver and the fetal thymus, but not in the yolk sac. This transcription precedes V beta 8.2 to D beta J beta rearrangement. In adult animals, we found these transcripts in the thymus, the spleen, the liver and the bone marrow. However, in the liver, this transcription is dependent on the presence of mature lymphocytes. This transcription does not happen in non-lymphoid cells. In the B lymphocyte lineage, V beta 8.2 germ-line transcripts are detected only in the earliest stages of differentiation (pre-pro- and pro-B cells), but not in pre-B cells and mature B lymphocytes. Altogether, our results show that transcription of the unrearranged V beta 8.2 gene is an early event of lymphocyte development, taking place in lymphocyte precursors, long before V beta 8.2 rearrangement.
Reduction of Nitro and Azo Compounds by NADPH-Cytochrome P-450 Reductase-Cytochrome c Heme Peptide System. (1993)

Octa heme peptide, an enzymic digestion product of Candida Krusei cytochrome c, was found to catalyze nitro and azo reduction in the presence of NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase under anerobic conditions. The reduction was dependent on the concentrations of heme peptide and reductase, and inhibited by carbon monoxide and oxygen. Comparison of the activities of the reductase-heme peptide system with liver microsomes revealed that heme peptide was as effective as cytochrome P-450 in nitro reduction, although less effective in azo reduction. Thus, cytochrome c heme peptide may serve as an artificial substitute for cytochrome P-450 at least in the reductive metabolism of xenobiotics.
Calcineurin-Inhibitor-Free Immunosuppression Based on the JAK Inhibitor CP-690,550: A Pilot Study in De Novo Kidney Allograft Recipients (2009)

This randomized, pilot study compared the Janus kinase inhibitor CP-690,550 (15 mg BID [CP15] and 30 mg BID [CP30], n = 20 each) with tacrolimus (n = 21) in de novo kidney allograft recipients. Patients received an IL-2 receptor antagonist, concomitant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and corticosteroids. CP-690,550 doses were reduced after 6 months. Due to a high incidence of BK virus nephropathy (BKN) in CP30, MMF was discontinued in this group. The 6-month biopsy-proven acute rejection rates were 1 of 20, 4 of 20 and 1 of 21 for CP15, CP30 and tacrolimus groups, respectively. BKN developed in 4 of 20 patients in CP30 group. The 6-month rates of cytomegalovirus disease were 2 of 20, 4 of 20 and none of 21 for CP15, CP30 and tacrolimus groups, respectively. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was >70 mL/min at 6 and 12 months (all groups). NK cells were reduced by </=77% in CP-690,550-treated patients. In the CP-690,550 arms, there were modest lipid elevations and a trend toward more frequent anemia and neutropenia during the first 6 months. These data suggest that coadministration of CP-690,550 30 mg BID with MMF is associated with overimmunosuppression. At 15 mg BID, the efficacy/safety profile was comparable to the tacrolimus control group, excepting a higher rate of viral infection. Further dose-ranging evaluation of CP-690,550 is warranted.
Cleavable Linker for Photo-Cross-Linked Small-Molecule Affinity Matrix (2009)

The introduction of a cleavable site in a photoactivatable linker, which is used to immobilize small molecules on an affinity matrix via a site-nonselective carbene addition/insertion reaction, makes it possible to verify the presence of the immobilized small molecule on the affinity matrix. It also permits the efficient detection of proteins covalently bound to the immobilized small molecule.
CHESTWALL COMPLIANCE IN FULL‐TERM AND PREMATURE INFANTS (1980)

Chestwall compliance was determined in 26 premature infants (BW 1 320 +/- 410 g, gest. age 32 weeks) and in 10 full-term infants (BW 3 155 +/- 810 g) who were ventilated mechanically. Chestwall compliance in premature infants was 6.4 ml/(cmH2O X kg), decreasing with advancing gestational age to 4.2 ml/(cmH20 X kg) in full-term infants. There was a linear correlation (r = 0.95 and 0.79 respectively) between tidal volume and the pressure transmitted to the esophagus throughout the tidal volume range. The protion of airway pressure transmitted to the infants with hyaline membrane disease, 12% in newborns with a patent ductus arterisus, 17% in normal prematures and 25% in normal full-term infants. The findings suggest that during mechanical ventilation the high chestwall compliance and low lung compliance of premature infants prevent a significant rise in intrapleural pressure which could interfere with central venous return and cardiac output. However, using high inspiratory pressures and continuous distending airway pressure in the absence of lung pathology may result in a decreased cardiac output. The highly compliant chestwall of the premature infant may exert insufficient outward recoil and might be one of the causes of a low functional residual capacity and chronic pulmonary failure in the premature infant.
Comparison of DNA binding and integration half-site selection by avian myeloblastosis virus integrase (1993)

Insertion of the linear retrovirus DNA genome into the host DNA by the virus-encoded integrase (IN) is essential for efficient replication. We devised an efficient virus-like DNA plasmid integration assay which mimics the standard oligonucleotide assay for integration. It permitted us to study, by electron microscopy and sequence analysis, insertion of a single long terminal repeat terminus (LTR half-site) of one plasmid into another linearized plasmid. The reaction was catalyzed by purified avian myeloblastosis virus IN in the presence of Mg2+. The recombinant molecules were easily visualized and quantitated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Agarose gel-purified recombinants could be genetically selected by transformation of ligated recombinants into Escherichia coli HB101 cells. Electron microscopy also permitted the identification and localization of IN-DNA complexes on the virus-like substrate in the absence of the joining reaction. Intramolecular and intermolecular DNA looping by IN was visualized. Although IN preferentially bound to AT-rich regions in the absence of the joining reaction, there was a bias towards GC-rich regions for the joining reaction. Alignment of 70 target site sequences 5' of the LTR half-site insertions with 68 target sites previously identified for the concerted insertion of both LTR termini (LTR full-site reaction) indicated similar GC inflection patterns with both insertional events. Comparison of the data suggested that IN recognized only half of the target sequences necessary for integration with the LTR half-site reaction.
Proton-exchanged optical waveguides in <i>Y</i> -cut lithium niobate (1983)

The fabrication of proton exchanged monomode optical waveguides on Y-cut lithium niobate is reported. Molten benzoic acid is used, but damage of the crystal surface is avoided.
Casting a spell with witches and broomsticks: Direct and associative influences on nonword orthography (1994)

Abstract This study investigated direct and associative lexical priming of nonword spelling in adults and children. Two possible alternative orthographies of each nonword were targeted under both direct and associative priming conditions. It was found that both direct and associative priming manipulations were effective in influencing the choice of spelling pattern of nonwords, with both children and adults showing the effect. Levels of priming in children were lower, though not significantly lower, than those in adults. Direct priming was significantly stronger than associative priming for both subject groups, with the size of this differential being reduced in children. The differences between the types of priming are seen as speaking to a multiple-activation model of the orthographic lexicon, whereas those between age groups as pointing to a differential functional organisation of the lexicon.
A method towards automated thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame counting using 3D reconstruction (2009)

In coronary angiography the flow can be assessed by tracking the contrast agent in the image sequence. The contrast flow is used to estimate the functional behavior of the coronary arteries using TIMI frame count (TFC). In this paper we propose and evaluate a method towards the automation of TFC. The method creates a two dimensional map of the contrast agent in which the opacification of the vessel centerline is plotted against time. This map is used to find the velocity of the contrast agent and subsequently the TFC. The vessel centerline is obtained using the Fast Marching Method to find the minimum cost path between the catheter point and the manually selected endpoint of the vessel. Results from 22 patients show that the algorithm is able to estimate TFC correctly within the intra observer error range of ± 5 frames compared to manual TFC if the contrast agent is completely opacifying the coronary arteries within one cardiac cycle.
Our Second Issue (2008)

Theological Librarianship is an open access journal publishing peer-reviewed articles, as well as essays and reviews, on subjects at the intersection of librarianship and religious and theological studies that potentially impact libraries.