gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SigMix: Decoding Superimposed Signals for IoT (2020)

The growth of Internet of Things (IoT) is anticipated to accelerate in the coming years. However, the wireless spectrum is insufficient to support the ever-growing IoT applications. A promising solution is to allow concurrent wireless transmissions and decode the superimposed signal. To make this solution practical for IoT systems, dynamic channel conditions and hardware imperfections are the key practical challenges, but not yet be addressed in the past work, leading to a low decoding performance. In this article, we introduce SigMix, aiming to deal with the practical challenges by proposing a solution to decode the superimposed signal, and eventually boost the spectrum efficiency. To this end, we first derive a theoretical expression that reveals the close relationship between phase shifts among concurrently transmitted signals and the error probability in decoding the superimposed signal. Then, based on the theoretical expression, we propose a rotation code and an adaptive decoding scheme to largely reduce the decoding error probability. Extensive experiments have shown that the median bit-error-rate of our scheme is one-order lower than the state-of-the-art.
Quantitation of autophagy by luciferase release assay (2008)

Autophagy is a cellular process that has been defined and analyzed almost entirely by qualitative measures. In no small part, this is attributable to the absence of robust quantitative assays that can easily and reliably permit the progress of key steps in autophagy to be assessed. We have recently developed a cell-based assay that specifically measures proteolytic cleavage of a tripartite sensor protein by the autophagy protease ATG4B. Activation of ATG4B results in release of Gaussia luciferase from cells that can be non-invasively harvested from cellular supernatants. Here, we compare this technique to existing methods and propose that this type of assay will be suitable for genome-wide functional screens and in vivo analysis of autophagy.
Ionization Energies and Rydberg States of Tetraaminoethylenes (1972)

Abstract Absorption spectra and photo-ionization curves of tetrakis (dimethylamino) ethylene, (TMAE), and 1,1′,3,3′-tetramethyl-Δ2,2′-bi(imidazolidine), (TMBI), have been studied. It has been found that these compounds have very low ionization potentials (about 5.4 eV), which are even comparable with that of the lithium atom. The first ionization potentials of these compounds are nearly the same, although both their absorption spectra and their photo-ionization curves are considerably different from each other. These results can be explained semi-quantitatively by use of the results of simple, semi-empirical molecular orbital calculation with inclusion of direct interaction between four lone-pair orbitals on the N atoms, which was found to be important at the “perpendicular” structure. The first absorption bands of these molecules are assigned to the Rydberg bands, lying quite unusually near the visible region. The quantum defect δ is found to be 0.7 for the lowest Rydberg state of TMAE. The size of the Rydberg orbital for this state is estimated to be 2.9 Å from the maximum radial density, which is comparable with the core size. Higher Rydberg series are also observed for TMBI.
Rheology of carboxymethyl cellulose solutions treated with cellulases (2007)

The effect of cellulase treatments on the rheology of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions was studied using a rotational viscometer. The rheological behaviors of CMC solutions of different molecular mass and degrees of substitution where studied as a function of time after various treatments. These solutions were subjected to active and heat-denatured cellulase, a cationic polyelectrolyte (C-PAM), as well as different shear rates. A complex protein-polymer interaction was observed, leading to a potential error source in the measurement of enzymatic activity by changes in the intrinsic viscosity. The interaction was termed a polymeric effect and defined as a reduction in viscosity of the substrate solution without significant formation of reducing sugars from enzymatic hydrolysis. The cause of the reduction in viscosity appears to be related to the interaction between the enzymes as amphipathic particles and the soluble CMC. Thus, the polymeric effect may cause a considerable experimental error in the measurement of enzymatic activity by viscometric methods.
(Invited) PMD and STI Gap-Fill Challenges for Advanced Technology of Logic and eNVM (2013)

With a gap-fill friendly "V'" profile, HARP can address the stringent gap fill requirements from 20nm STI and 32nm/28nm PMD with gate first HKMG with not much limitation to spacing CD. The weakest line in the STI trench can be addressed by adding steam into deposition steps or post-dep steam annealing. Dep-etch-dep approach would help to extend the gap fill application of HARP process. But in FinFET STI or PMD with RMG integration where "V" shape profile is difficult to be realized due to their unique integration flows, a FCVD process is needed to fulfill the gap-fill requirement. Excellent FCVD gap-fill has been demonstrated in high AR ratio FinFET STI and PMD even with straight vertical or reentrant profile. Some integration challenges like poor wet resistance and FCVD induced structured bending are addressed.
Robust Handling of Polysemy via Sparse Representations (2018)

Words are polysemous and multi-faceted, with many shades of meanings. We suggest that sparse distributed representations are more suitable than other, commonly used, (dense) representations to express these multiple facets, and present Category Builder, a working system that, as we show, makes use of sparse representations to support multi-faceted lexical representations. We argue that the set expansion task is well suited to study these meaning distinctions since a word may belong to multiple sets with a different reason for membership in each. We therefore exhibit the performance of Category Builder on this task, while showing that our representation captures at the same time analogy problems such as "the Ganga of Egypt" or "the Voldemort of Tolkien". Category Builder is shown to be a more expressive lexical representation and to outperform dense representations such as Word2Vec in some analogy classes despite being shown only two of the three input terms.
Correlation of embryonic skeletal muscle myotube physical characteristics with contractile force generation on an atomic force microscope-based bio-microelectromechanical systems device (2013)

Rigorous analysis of muscle function in <i>in vitro</i> systems is needed for both acute and chronic biomedical applications. Forces generated by skeletal myotubes on bio-microelectromechanical cantilevers were calculated using a modified version of Stoney's thin-film equation and finite element analysis (FEA), then analyzed for regression to physical parameters. The Stoney's equation results closely matched the more intensive FEA and the force correlated to cross-sectional area (CSA). Normalizing force to measured CSA significantly improved the statistical sensitivity and now allows for close comparison of <i>in vitro</i> data to <i>in vivo</i> measurements for applications in exercise physiology, robotics, and modeling neuromuscular diseases.
A Simple Synthesis of α-Ylidene γ-Lactones from γ-Trimethylsiloxy Nitriles (1979)

Abstract α-Cyano carbanions which are generated from γ-trimethylsiloxy nitriles have been found to react with aldehydes to give α-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-γ-trimethylsiloxy nitriles (6). α-Ylidene γ-lactones (5) are derived from 6 in two steps; hydrolytic lactonization to α-(1-hydroxyalkyl) γ-lactones and dehydration. The stereochemistry of the lactones 5 with one exception have been found to be of the E form on the basis of the NMR spectra.
A Mood Prediction System for Preventing Diseases Using Biological Information and Weather Information (2015)

Preventive medicine has attracted much attention due to increase of medical expenses in Japan. As a preventive measurement against diseases, this paper presents a system for predicting three types of moods namely good, normal, and bad using biological and weather information. Specifically, we focus on analyzing factors for the prediction. Evaluation experiments demonstrate that the proposed system predicts the tomorrow's mood with 73% accuracy by learning biological information, weather information, and moods in the past with multiple classifiers. Moreover, we found that body fat, maximal pressure, and amount of insolation are important factors for the prediction. The evaluation experiments indicate that the proposed system is useful for the prevention of bipolar disorder and lifestyle diseases.
Exchange bias of singly inverted<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>FeO</mml:mtext><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Fe</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>core-shell nanocrystals (2008)

Exchange bias (EB) is investigated in singly inverted $\text{FeO}/{\text{Fe}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4}$ core-shell nanocrystals by vibrating sample magnetometry. A horizontal and vertical shift of the field-cooled (FC) hysteresis loop with respect to the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) hysteresis loop is observed below the blocking temperature of EB $({T}_{B}^{\text{EB}}\ensuremath{\approx}{T}_{N})$. An enhancement of the superparamagnetic blocking temperature $({T}_{B}^{\text{SP}}\ensuremath{\approx}190\text{ }\text{K})$ with respect to the expected value is observed from the ZFC/FC measurement of $m(T)$. Furthermore, the value of ${T}_{B}^{\text{SP}}$ is nearly constant for applied fields ranging from 25 to 200 Oe as a result of the exchange coupling at the antiferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic interface.
A single catalytic domain of the junction-resolving enzyme T7 endonuclease I is a non-specific nicking endonuclease (2005)

A stable heterodimeric protein containing a single correctly folded catalytic domain (SCD) of T7 endonuclease I was produced by means of a trans-splicing intein system. As predicted by a model presented earlier, purified SCD protein acts a non-specific nicking endonuclease on normal linear DNA. The SCD retains some ability to recognize and cleave a deviated DNA double-helix near a nick or a strand-crossing site. Thus, we infer that the non-specific and nicked-site cleavage activities observed for the native T7 endonuclease I (as distinct from the resolution activity) are due to uncoordinated actions of the catalytic domains. The positively charged C-terminus of T7 Endo I is essential for the enzymatic activity of SCD, as it is for the native enzyme. We propose that the preference of the native enzyme for the resolution reaction is achieved by cooperativity in the binding of its two catalytic domains when presented with two of the arms across a four-way junction or cruciform structure.
The role of fungi in biodeterioration of sandstone with reference to Mahadev temple, Bastar, Chhatisgarh (2012)

Fungal ability in production of pigments and organic acids have crucial role in discoloration and degradation of different types of stone in cultural heritage objects. Additionally, stone objects may support novel communities of microorganisms that are active in biodeterioration process. This investigation focuses on mycological analysis of microbial biofilm from Mahadev temple, made of sandstone, and which was heavily colonized by fungi. The 22 fungal flora including filamentous micro fungi with specific distribution on sandstone substrate was isolated. During the investigation period it was observed that Aspergillus Scalrotium was found as dominant. The identified micro fungi cause discoloration, as well as mechanical exfoliation of building stone material that was analyzed through mechanical hyphae penetration and production of dark pigments and organic acids.
NET EMISSIONS OF CH<sub>4</sub>AND CO<sub>2</sub>IN ALASKA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE REGION'S GREENHOUSE GAS BUDGET (2007)

We used a biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to study the net methane (CH4) fluxes between Alaskan ecosystems and the atmosphere. We estimated that the current net emissions of CH4 (emissions minus consumption) from Alaskan soils are approximately 3 Tg CH4/yr. Wet tundra ecosystems are responsible for 75% of the region's net emissions, while dry tundra and upland boreal forests are responsible for 50% and 45% of total consumption over the region, respectively. In response to climate change over the 21st century, our simulations indicated that CH4 emissions from wet soils would be enhanced more than consumption by dry soils of tundra and boreal forests. As a consequence, we projected that net CH4 emissions will almost double by the end of the century in response to high-latitude warming and associated climate changes. When we placed these CH4 emissions in the context of the projected carbon budget (carbon dioxide [CO2] and CH4) for Alaska at the end of the 21st century, we estimated that Alaska will be a net source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere of 69 Tg CO2 equivalents/yr, that is, a balance between net methane emissions of 131 Tg CO2 equivalents/yr and carbon sequestration of 17 Tg C/yr (62 Tg CO2 equivalents/yr).
Targeted Deletion of HIF-1α Gene in T Cells Prevents their Inhibition in Hypoxic Inflamed Tissues and Improves Septic Mice Survival (2007)

T cells can be recruited to powerfully contribute to anti-bacterial response if they are relieved from inhibition by HIF-1alpha in inflamed and hypoxic areas. Our experiments uncovered the before unappreciated reserve of anti-bacterial capacity of T cells and suggest novel therapeutic anti-pathogen strategies based on targeted deletion or inhibition of HIF-1 alpha in T cells.
An ultraportable and versatile point-of-care DNA testing platform (2020)

Point-of-care testing (POCT) has broad applications in resource-limited settings. Here, a POCT platform termed POCKET (point-of-care kit for the entire test) is demonstrated that is ultraportable and versatile for analyzing multiple types of DNA in different fields in a sample-to-answer manner. The POCKET is less than 100 g and smaller than 25 cm in length. The kit consists of an integrated chip (i-chip) and a foldable box (f-box). The i-chip integrates the sample preparation with a previously unidentified, triple signal amplification. The f-box uses a smartphone as a heater, a signal detector, and a result readout. We detected different types of DNA from clinics to environment to food to agriculture. The detection is sensitive (<10<sup>3</sup> copies/ml), specific (single-base differentiation), speedy (<2 hours), and stable (>10 weeks shelf life). This inexpensive, ultraportable POCKET platform may become a versatile sample-to-answer platform for clinical diagnostics, food safety, agricultural protection, and environmental monitoring.
Basal ganglia/limbic striatal and thalamocortical involvement in craving and loss of control in alcoholism (1990)

The authors explore the possible role of basal ganglia/limbic striatal and thalamocortical circuits in craving and loss of control in alcohol abuse and dependence. Alcoholics may suffer from a defect in the neuronal systems within basal ganglia/limbic striatal and thalamocortical neuronal circuits, especially within the striatoaccumbal-ventral pallidal portion of this circuit or its dopaminergic nigrotegmental modulation. Alcoholic craving may result from a neurophysiologically driven obsession resulting from overactivity within the fronto-thalamic neuronal loop, and loss of control of alcohol consumption may be a neurophysiologically driven compulsion resulting from further impairment of the basal ganglia/limbic striatal portion of this circuit caused by the acute dopaminergic effects of intoxication.
Na+ channel immunolocalization in peripheral mammalian axons and changes following nerve injury and neuroma formation (1993)

Nerve injury frequently triggers hyperexcitability and the ectopic initiation of impulses in primary afferent axons. An important consequence is neuropathic paresthesias and pain. Electrogenesis in normal afferents depends on appropriate Na+ channel concentrations. Therefore, we have asked whether injury might trigger changes in axolemmal Na+ channel distribution that could account for neuropathic hyperexcitability. We used an Na+ channel-specific antibody, 7493, to immunolocalize Na+ channels ultrastructurally in membranes of normal rat axons, and to assess remodeling following nerve section and neuroma formation. Selective labeling of nodal axolemma and, more weakly, of Schwann cell membrane, confirmed the efficacy of our immunolabeling protocol. In neuromas at postoperative times associated with peak ectopic activity, we found clear evidence of Na+ channel accumulation. Specifically, soon after myelin was stripped from large-diameter axons, the exposed, formerly internodal axolemma became immunopositive. Small-diameter unmyelinated axons and axon sprouts in the neuroma were also marked with 7493 IgG. Activated phagocytic macrophages and endothelial cells were 7493 negative. Both large- and small-diameter axons in neuromas end in swollen, organelle-packed "end bulbs." Most, but not all, of these acquired Na+ channel immunolabeling. We propose that remodeling results from a modification of the normal process of Na+ channel turnover in neural membranes. Na+ channel protein accumulates in preterminal axolemma and neuroma end bulbs due to a combination of permissive factors (especially myelin removal) and promotional factors (removal of normal downstream targets). This accumulation is a likely precursor of afferent hyperexcitability in injured nerve.
Mobile adaptive applications for ubiquitous collaboration in heterogeneous environments (2003)

Mobile teamwork applications are often deployed in heterogeneous environments with various devices and connections. To support a broad variety of platforms for mobile teamwork in heterogeneous environments, this paper presents a framework for development of applications adaptive to the client's computing platform. The framework supports both shared data adaptation and user interface adaptation to user's preferences and display characteristics. Both shared data and the user interface are specified in two XML documents. The user interface XML document specifies the application interface by a generic "view" graph (should also specify the valid data types). Global view graph is transformed into a device-dependant view graph for individual client devices.
Gastrointestinal colonisation of BALB/cA mice by<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>monitored by heparin magnetic separation (1996)

Immunocompetent and immunodeficient BALB/cA mice were fed orally with 10(8) colony forming units of 2-day-old spiral or coccoid (12 days old) Helicobacter pylori strain NCTC 11637. Immunocompetent BALB/cA mice were also fed orally with decreasing numbers of spiral or coccoid forms of H. pylori. The gastrointestinal colonisation process was monitored for 34 days post-infection by heparin magnetic separation and subsequent enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of the H. pylori cells. Both mice types were colonised with H. pylori. The coccoid form of H. pylori gave higher EIA absorbance values and more efficient colonisation in the mice than the spiral form. Immunocompetent BALB/cA mice fed with the coccoid form of H. pylori exhibited an acute inflammation process in histopathological samples from the stomachs. In conclusion, H. pylori can infect both immunocompetent as well as immunodeficient BALB/cA mice and coccoids (viable but non-culturable) obtained after 12 days of culturing can infect BALB/cA mice.
<title>Structural integration of shape memory alloys for turbomachinery applications</title> (1999)

Turbomachinery such as fans, compressors and turbines are usually designed and optimized for one operating point. The efficiency of such a machine significantly decreases if it operates at off-design conditions. Therefore the efficiency could be increased if the flow channel geometry can be adapted to the varying flow conditions such as flow sped and mass flow.
<i>In situ</i> identification of human physiological fluids by nuclear magnetism in the Earth’s field (1980)

Abstract To make in situ identification of human physiological fluids by nuclear magnetism, we use the well known technique of free precession of water protons in the magnetic field of the Earth after prepolarization in a perpendicular (Hp) field (Packard & Varian 1954). The central part of the apparatus is the coil used for generating the polarizing field (maximum values 50- 100 Oe (3979-7958 A m-1)) and detecting the free precession of nuclei. To make in situ measurements, the coil is placed against the corresponding part of the body; thus, to pick up signals from blood in the region of the heart, the coil is placed on the anterior part of the thorax; to detect urine in the bladder, the coil is placed against the ventral part of the low abdomen (Béné et al. 1977).
Consensus Not Yet Reached on Key Drugs for Extensively Drug‐Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment (2009)

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) are increasing in frequency globally and are difficult to treat. Although treatment successes have been reported, there are no definitive clinical studies available that show which classes or combinations of available drugs are most effective in yielding\npositive treatment outcomes.
Influence of blood vessels on the measurement of hemoglobin oxygenation as determined by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (1995)

We report the development of a heterogeneous resin-tube model to study the influence of blood vessels on the apparent absorption of the system, mu a(sys), using a time-resolved technique. The experimental results show that mu a(sys) depends on the absorption inside the tubes, mu a(tube), tube diameters, and tube-to-sample volume ratios. A mathematical expression relating mu a(sys) and mu a(tube) is derived based on the experimental results and is verified by time-resolved Monte Carlo simulations for heterogeneous models. This analytical formula predicts that the apparent absorption coefficient measured on a biological organ is a volume-weighted sum of the absorption coefficients of different absorbing components. We present some apparent absorption coefficients measured in vivo in animals and humans and discuss improved algorithms that calculate the hemoglobin saturation by including background-tissue absorption and blood vessel distribution.
Transmission of symptomatic parvovirus B19 infection by fibrin sealant used during surgery (2000)

Human parvovirus B19 infection has been shown to be transmissible by blood and blood products and to result in transient aplastic crisis in patients with rapid red cell turnover. We report three cases of iatrogenic parvovirus B19 infection resulting from the use of the same batch of fibrin sealant under operation. Fibrin sealant, which is a typical haemostatic agent produced from blood, has been used during surgery. Human parvovirus is resistant to existing virus-inactivating techniques, suggesting that infection may occur from blood products contaminated with it. Use of recombinant products for these proteins may thus be necessary.
Private life: a sensitive data in Portugal (2007)

In this article, the author tell us about the sensitive data and the Private life in Portugal. This last concept is considered as sensitive data not only in portuguese Law 67/98: it is also characterised in that way by article 35, n. 3 of the Portuguese Constitution.
SB-431542 Inhibition of Scar Formation after Filtration Surgery and Its Potential Mechanism (2009)

SB-431542 inhibits scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery. The mechanism may be that SB-431542 interferes in the phosphorylation of Smad2, thus abrogating TGF-beta-induced fibroblast transdifferentiation and then decreasing Col I synthesis.