gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Robust Schemes for Sensor Data Aggregation Based on Linear Counting (2010)

Sensor networks have received considerable attention in recent years, and are often employed in the applications where data are difficult or expensive to collect. In these applications, in addition to individual sensor readings, statistical aggregates such as Min and Count over the readings of a group of sensor nodes are often needed. To conserve resources for sensor nodes, in-network strategies are adopted to process the aggregates. One primitive in-network aggregation strategy is the tree-based aggregation, where the aggregates are computed from leaves to the root of a spanning tree over a sensor network. However, a shortcoming with the tree-based aggregation is that it is not robust against communication failures, which are common in sensor networks. One of the solutions to overcome this shortcoming is to enable multipath routing, by which each node broadcasts its reading or a partial aggregate to multiple neighbors. However, multipath routing-based aggregation typically suffers from the problem of overcounting sensor readings. In this study, we propose two schemes based on the linear counting technique to deal with the overcounting problem. These two schemes process aggregates by statically and dynamically, respectively, allocating space for the use of the linear counting technique. Both schemes provide the same accuracy guarantee but involve different communication costs. Through extensive experiments with real-world and synthetic data, we demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of using these two schemes as solutions for processing aggregates in a sensor network. The experiments also show that the scheme that dynamically allocates the space often outperforms the other one in terms of energy conservation since it requires less space to satisfy an accuracy constraint.
A linear high voltage charge pump for MEMs applications in 0.18μm CMOS technology (2004)

Tunable MEMS components start to appear in wireless communication systems. They allow for new functionality such as tunable RF filters or they improve performance like electrostatically tuned variable capacitors that are used in voltage-controlled oscillators. However, the required tuning voltage for these capacitors is often much higher than the supply voltage of these capacitors is often much higher than the supply voltage of the deep sub-micron (Bi)CMOS technology which is typically used for these applications. Therefore we designed a high voltage charge pump that can generate an output voltage between -0.7V and +14.8 V out of a 1.8 V power supply. It is built in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, requires the same control signals as a regular charge pump and provides a constant output current of 0.7/spl mu/A over its complete voltage range of MEMS variable capacitors at low power, at a small area cost and in a way which is completely transparent to the system designer.
A physical model-based approach to detecting sky in photographic images (2002)

Sky is among the most important subject matter frequently seen in photographic images. We propose a model-based approach consisting of color classification, region extraction, and physics-motivated sky signature validation. First, the color classification is performed by a multilayer backpropagation neural network trained in a bootstrapping fashion to generate a belief map of sky color. Next, the region extraction algorithm automatically determines an appropriate threshold for the sky color belief map and extracts connected components. Finally, the sky signature validation algorithm determines the orientation of a candidate sky region, classifies one-dimensional (1-D) traces within the region based on a physics-motivated model, and computes the sky belief of the region by the percentage of traces that fit the physics-based sky trace model. A small-scale, yet rigorous test has been conducted to evaluate the algorithm performance. With approximately half of the images containing blue sky regions, the detection rate is 96% with a false positive rate of 2% on a per image basis.
Jack London's Quest for Salvation (1955)

IT is true that in his writing Jack London deliberately sought popularity and money, and achieved both to an inordinate degree, but a substantial portion of his fiction is nevertheless a fairly straightforward dramatization of political and philosophical concepts. Even his most blatant potboilers are likely to be set within a framework of crude but earnest Darwinism. Thirty years ago Fred Lewis Pattee, in his The Development of the American Short Story, was writing that, serious as his faults were, London had occupied the whole middle of the literary road in this country for over a decade; and even recently the Literary History of the United States quite properly praised him for his eager interest in new ideas. The ideas London dramatized, however, were sometimes highly inconsistent. Not unnaturally, critics differ as to what he really believed, and hold opinions ranging from a conviction that in his eyes man was a mere animal and life only a brawl,' to the nearly opposite persuasion that his philosophy was essentially not a brutal individualism but a social-minded collectivism.2 Both these views have a basis in fact; at the same time, London was too intelligent to have missed the contradictions, in spite of his evident lack of a habit of systematic thought. This puzzle indicates another and a more generally significant problem, the function of these abstract ideas in the specific structure and images of London's fiction. The purpose of this study is to try to reach an understanding of what he was effectively saying to readers of his fiction
Time-Domain Reflectometry: Simultaneous Measurement of Soil Water Content and Electrical Conductivity with a Single Probe (1984)

Two parallel metallic rods were used as a wave guide to measure the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of soils having different electrical conductivities but the same water content. Measurements showed that the two parameters were sufficiently independent to permit simultaneous determinations of water content and bulk electrical conductivity.
Designing decentralized software for a wireless network environment: evaluating patterns of mobility for a mobile agent swarm (2005)

Designing decentralized software applications for a wireless network environment offers harsh challenges to the software engineer. All of the usual difficulties associated with a distributed system are present, but are amplified by the inherent dynamics and uncertainty of the wireless network. This paper takes an agent-oriented software engineering perspective in considering how to design decentralized software systems for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) of resource-constrained devices. Specifically, the authors codify within the context of a software design pattern the concept of an agent swarm. Swarms of mobile agents have been used in the development of applications to support coordination and collaboration in a live MANET test bed. Work is underway to transition some of this technology into use by public protectors as part of the Philadelphia area urban wireless network testbed. The objectives of this paper include motivating the need for a swarm-based approach to distributed software for wireless environments and discussing the critical issues involved with mobile agents swarming on a MANET. For example, one such design issue is the selection of migration patterns for use by the swarming agents. Several different types of itinerary patterns are evaluated within the context of a mobile agent swarm.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Aerosol Therapy using Glucocorticoids as a Model (1997)

Glucocorticoids are predominantly prescribed in asthma therapy as aerosols to achieve high pulmonary effects with reduced systemic spill-over and pronounced pulmonary selectivity. A variety of pharmacokinetic parameters are potentially important for determining pulmonary selectivity. The intent of this article, is to provide a practice-relevant theoretical approach to put the importance of these parameters on pulmonary targeting using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling as a tool in perspective. The applied pulmonary pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model revealed that, in addition to recognized parameters such as systemic clearance, oral bioavailability, and efficiency of pulmonary deposition, other factors, such as the pulmonary release (dissolution) rate and dose, are relevant. However, the volume of distribution (for effect parameters not undergoing a diurnal rhythm) and the receptor affinity of a given glucocorticoid are not important for achieving lung targeting.
Anaerobic Catabolism of Aromatic Compounds: a Genetic and Genomic View (2009)

Aromatic compounds belong to one of the most widely distributed classes of organic compounds in nature, and a significant number of xenobiotics belong to this family of compounds. Since many habitats containing large amounts of aromatic compounds are often anoxic, the anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds by microorganisms becomes crucial in biogeochemical cycles and in the sustainable development of the biosphere. The mineralization of aromatic compounds by facultative or obligate anaerobic bacteria can be coupled to anaerobic respiration with a variety of electron acceptors as well as to fermentation and anoxygenic photosynthesis. Since the redox potential of the electron-accepting system dictates the degradative strategy, there is wide biochemical diversity among anaerobic aromatic degraders. However, the genetic determinants of all these processes and the mechanisms involved in their regulation are much less studied. This review focuses on the recent findings that standard molecular biology approaches together with new high-throughput technologies (e.g., genome sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metagenomics) have provided regarding the genetics, regulation, ecophysiology, and evolution of anaerobic aromatic degradation pathways. These studies revealed that the anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds is more diverse and widespread than previously thought, and the complex metabolic and stress programs associated with the use of aromatic compounds under anaerobic conditions are starting to be unraveled. Anaerobic biotransformation processes based on unprecedented enzymes and pathways with novel metabolic capabilities, as well as the design of novel regulatory circuits and catabolic networks of great biotechnological potential in synthetic biology, are now feasible to approach.
Directed self-assembly patterning strategies for phase change memory applications (2017)

Phase change material (PCM)-based memory cells have shown promise as an enabler for low power, high density memory. There is a current need to develop and improve patterning strategies to attain smaller device dimensions. In this work, two methods of patterning of PCM device structures was achieved using directed self-assembly (DSA) patterning: the formation of a high aspect ratio pore designed for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of etch damage-free PCM, and pillar formation by image reversal and plasma etch transfer into a PCM film. We show significant CD reduction (180 nm to 20 nm) of a lithographically defined hole by plasma etch shrink, DSA spin-coat and subsequent high selectivity pattern transfer. We then demonstrate structural fabrication of both DSA-defined SiN pores with ALD PCM and DSA-defined PCM pillars. Challenges to both pore and pillar fabrication are discussed.
Prevention of TUR syndrome by detection of trace ethanol in the expired breath (1990)

Previous studies suggest that severe symptoms of the 'TUR syndrome' occur from transurethral prostatic resection only when the volume of irrigant absorbed exceeds 2000 ml. An ethanol-containing irrigating fluid was used in this study of 100 transurethral resections so that the irrigant absorption could be monitored by measuring ethanol in expired air. Fluid absorption was found in 41 patients, and in nine of them the volume of irrigant absorbed exceeded 1000 ml. Four of these operations were terminated promptly when the ethanol monitoring indicated rapid massive absorption that threatened to exceed 2000 ml. There were few and only mild adverse effects of the irrigant by following this regimen. It is concluded that ethanol monitoring makes it possible to prevent the TUR syndrome by selective termination of those operations in which large amounts of irrigant is absorbed.
5'-Nucleotidase activity in improved inosine-producing mutants of Bacillus subtilis. (1982)

An inosine- and guanosine-producing strain, AJ11100, of Bacillus subtilis could not grow in the minimum medium supplemented with 50 μg of sulfaguanidine per ml. When sulfaguanidine resistant mutants were derived from AJ11100, the sulfaguanidine resistance was frequently accompanied by xanthine requirement. All the xanthine auxotrophic mutants required a large amount of xanthine for cell growth and inosine accumulation. Revertants were then derived from one of the xanthine auxotrophic mutants, AJ11101, and improved inosine producers were obtained. The best mutant, AJ11102, accumulated 20.6g of inosine per liter. Furthermore, enzyme activities of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase, 5'-nucleotidase and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase were assayed to investigate why AJ11102 accumulated an increased amount of inosine. The results showed that the increase of specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase contributed much to the increased accumulation of inosine.
Analysis of a conflict between aggregation and interface negotiation in Microsoft's Component Object Model (1999)

Many software projects today are based on the integration of independently designed software components that are acquired on the market, rather than developed within the projects themselves. A component standard, or integration architecture, is a set of design rules meant to ensure that such components can be integrated in defined ways without undue effort. The rules of a component standard define, among other things, component interoperability and composition mechanisms. Understanding the properties of such mechanisms and interactions between them is important for the successful development and integration of software components, as well as for the evolution of component standards. The paper presents a rigorous analysis of two such mechanisms: component aggregation and dynamic interface negotiation, which were first introduced in Microsoft's Component Object Model (COM). We show that interface negotiation does not function properly within COM aggregation boundaries. In particular, interface negotiation generally cannot be used to determine the identity and set of interfaces of aggregated components. This complicates integration within aggregates. We provide a mediator-based example, and show that the problem is in the sharing of interfaces inherent in COM aggregation.
Experimental modal analysis technique for three-dimensional acoustic cavities (1985)

This paper substantially advances Nieter and Singh’s acoustic modal analysis technique [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 319–326 (1983)] which used the coincident-quadrature response method to extract acoustic global properties of one-dimensional systems. Here a technique to identify modal parameters including damping of a three-dimensional cavity is proposed. The cavity is excited by a convertible acoustic driver whose volume velocity is monitored. Acoustic transfer impedance database is obtained for a number of cavity boundary locations which are chosen such that all modes of interest can be adequately described. The vector diagram method is used to fit the measured database in the neighborhood of each resonance frequency with a circle. The experimental technique proposed here has been verified by applying it first to a cylindrical cavity whose exact eigensolutions are known. Then for an annularlike cavity, experimentally extracted natural frequencies and pressure mode shapes are found to agree well with the results of a finite element model. The significance of this paper lies in the successful demonstration of an experimental technique which can be used for diagnosing the acoustics of irregular shaped cavities. The proposed technique also offers an alternative to the finite element method for acoustic modal analysis of three-dimensional ducts and resonators of irregular shapes and/or with complicated boundary conditions.
Epidermal growth factor receptor activity is necessary for mouse basal cell proliferation (2014)

ERB family receptors (EGFR, ERB-B2, ERB-B3, and ERB-B4) regulate epithelial cell function in many tissue types. In the human airway epithelium, changes in ERB receptor expression are associated with epithelial repair defects. However, the specific role(s) played by ERB receptors in repair have not been determined. We aimed to determine whether ERB receptors regulate proliferation of the tracheobronchial progenitor, the basal cell. Receptor tyrosine kinase arrays were used to evaluate ERB activity in normal and naphthalene (NA)-injured mouse trachea and in air-liquid interface cultures. Roles for epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGFR, and ERB-B2 in basal cell proliferation were evaluated in vitro. NA injury and transgenic expression of an EGFR-dominant negative (DN) receptor were used to evaluate roles for EGFR signaling in vivo. EGFR and ERB-B2 were active in normal and NA-injured trachea and were the only active ERB receptors detected in proliferating basal cells in vitro. EGF was necessary for basal cell proliferation in vitro. The EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, decreased proliferation by 99, and the Erb-B2 inhibitor, AG825, decreased proliferation by ∼66%. In vivo, EGFR-DN expression in basal cells significantly decreased basal cell proliferation after NA injury. EGF and EGFR are necessary for basal cell proliferation. The EGFR/EGFR homo- and the EGFR/ERB-B2 heterodimer account for ∼34 and 66%, respectively, of basal cell proliferation in vitro. Active EGFR is necessary for basal cell proliferation after NA injury. We conclude that EGFR activation is necessary for mouse basal cell proliferation and normal epithelial repair.
A novel fuzzy method to traffic light control based on unidirectional selective cellular automata for urban traffic (2008)

Vehicular travel which demands on the concurrent operations and parallel activities is increasing throughout the world. In this paper to control urban traffic, we study the optimization of traffic light controller in a city and present a fuzzy algorithm based on cellular automata. In existent system factors like priority of streets of intersection and width/length of streets are assumed equal. However, in real situations parameters like time during the day, density of vehicles of street and number of shopping centers have determinant effects on amount of traffic of streets. To overcome such limitations we propose a three leveled fuzzy system. At first level priority of street is computed based on fuzzy rules. At second level real velocity of vehicles is calculated. We use CA for simulating vehicles' density transmission. At third level by regarding priority of street and amount of density, decision for changing status of traffic light is done.
FORECASTING CORPORATE REVENUE AND PROFIT: TIME‐SERIES MODELS VERSUS MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSTS (1984)

This paper reports on the forecast accuracy of nine models which have been used to describe the time‐series of corporate revenues and profits. It also compares the performance of these models with that of management and financial analysts. All comparisons are carried out not only on the basis of prediction errors, but also by an analysis of the forecasting bias involved, and the specification of uncertainty. The data pertain to a representative sample of companies listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange.
A 102 kDa subunit of a Golgi-associated particle has homology to beta subunits of trimeric G proteins. (1993)

We have identified a 102 kDa protein, p102, which is found on the cytoplasmic face of Golgi membranes, exocytic transport vesicles and in the cytosol. A monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with p102 is able to immunoprecipitate a 500-600 kDa protein complex containing p102 and additional subunits. The composition of this p102-containing protein complex resembles that of the Golgi coatomer complex, which constitutes the coat of non-clathrin coated vesicles. One of the subunits of the p102 complex reacts with a monoclonal antibody that detects beta-COP, a subunit of the Golgi coatomer complex. Like beta-COP, p102 exists in a brefeldin A-sensitive association with Golgi membranes. The sequence of p102 contains an N-terminal domain composed of six repeats which are similar to those found in the beta subunit of trimeric G proteins and other regulatory proteins. We suggest that p102 may be involved in regulating membrane traffic in the constitutive exocytic pathway.
A 3.2Gbps single-ended receiver using self-reference generation technique for DRAM interface (2010)

A 3.2Gbps single-ended receiver using self-reference generation technique for DRAM interface is designed by using a 0.18µm CMOS process. A multi-drop single-ended signaling system has limited bandwidth because of both inter-symbol interference (ISI) and reference voltage noise. In order to recover the data without using the equalizer and the reference line, the self-reference generation technique is proposed. The single-ended receiver generates the reference voltage by using the previous bit for each bit. The circuit occupies 140 × 120µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and dissipates 40mW at the supply voltage of 1.8V when 3.2Gbps of data is transmitted over the channel with 18.55-dB loss at the frequency of 1.6GHz.
On codim4 Q-Fano 3 Folds with Fano index 2 (2007)

Main ResultsWe study Fano 3-folds with Fano index 2: that is, 3-folds X with Picard rank 1, Q-factorial terminal singularities and -K X = 2A for an ample Weil divisor A. We gave a first classification of all possible Hilbert series of such polarised varieties X, A and list 33 families that can be realised in codimension up to 4. See, Brown-Suzuki, Fano 3-folds with divisible anticanonical class , Manusctipta Math.123, 2007, pp.37-51.We work over the complex number field C.
Heat Release Analysis of Lean Bum Catalytic Combustion in a Two-Stroke Spark Ignition Engine (2000)

A heat release analysis procedure was developed for a two-stroke spark ignition engine. The model was used to calculate instantaneous heat release rates, cumulative heat release and mass fraction burned of base engine and catalytic engine. The combustion chamber of the catalytic engine was coated with a catalyst material by plasma spraying method. The tests were conducted with different air-fuel ratios and heat release analysis was carried out for both base and catalyst coated engines. Engine cylinder pressure traces of 2000 continuous cycles were recorded using a pc based data acquisition system. The average of these traces was calculated and used as input to the heat release model. From the heat release rate various combustion characteristics, such as delay period, start of combustion, end of combustion and combustion duration were calculated for the base and catalytic engines. The results indicate that the heat release model could be used for the calculation of combustion parameters and accurate enough for the present purpose. The calculated combustion parameters indicate that the catalyst induces pre flame reactions of fuel air mixture before combustion, which reduces delay period and increases the combustion rate. The combustion duration of catalytic engine was reduced by 8 degrees at 0.8 equivalence ratio.