gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of<i>Fusobacterium</i>species in pancreatic cancer tissues with molecular features and prognosis (2015)

Recently, bacterial infection causing periodontal disease has attracted considerable attention as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Fusobacterium species is an oral bacterial group of the human microbiome. Some evidence suggests that Fusobacterium species promote colorectal cancer development; however, no previous studies have reported the association between Fusobacterium species and pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we examined whether Fusobacterium species exist in pancreatic cancer tissue. Using a database of 283 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we tested cancer tissue specimens for Fusobacterium species. We also tested the specimens for KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations and measured microRNA-21 and microRNA-31. In addition, we assessed epigenetic alterations, including CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Our data showed an 8.8% detection rate of Fusobacterium species in pancreatic cancers; however, tumor Fusobacterium status was not associated with any clinical and molecular features. In contrast, in multivariate Cox regression analysis, compared with the Fusobacterium species-negative group, we observed significantly higher cancer-specific mortality rates in the positive group (p = 0.023). In conclusion, Fusobacterium species were detected in pancreatic cancer tissue. Tumor Fusobacterium species status is independently associated with a worse prognosis of pancreatic cancer, suggesting that Fusobacterium species may be a prognostic biomarker of pancreatic cancer.
Ancillary Ligand Effect on the Properties of “Mg(thd)<sub>2</sub>” and Crystal Structures of [Mg(thd)<sub>2</sub>(ethylenediamine)]<sub>2</sub>, [Mg(thd)<sub>2</sub>(tmeda)], and [Mg(thd)<sub>2</sub>(trien)]<sup>1</sup> (2001)

Complexes [Mg(thd)2(A)] (Hthd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione; A = ethylenediamine, en (2); N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, dmeda (3); N,N'-diethylethylenediamine, deeda (4); N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, tmeda (5); diethylenetriamine, dien (6); triethylenetetra-amine, trien (7); 1,2-ethanediol (8)) and [Mg(thd)2(EtOH)]2(1,3-propanediol) (9) were prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and thermal analysis. Crystal structures of compounds 2, 5, and 7 are presented. In all structures, Mg exhibits distorted six-coordination, with four shorter distances between Mg and keto-oxygens and two longer distances between Mg and nitrogen atoms (2, 5, 7). The structure of 2 consists of two monomeric complexes which form an asymmetric unit. The structure of 7 is similar to 2, but the trien molecule has coordinated through one terminal and one vicinal N atom to Mg. All complexes containing amines evaporated almost completely, but the complex 8, which contained 1,2-ethanediol, was thermally unstable and decomposed when heated. At temperatures below the dissociation temperature, all adducts of diamines appeared to evaporate intact.
Failure Behavior and Constitutive Model of Weakly Consolidated Soft Rock (2013)

Mining areas in western China are mainly located in soft rock strata with poor bearing capacity. In order to make the deformation failure mechanism and strength behavior of weakly consolidated soft mudstone and coal rock hosted in Ili No. 4 mine of Xinjiang area clear, some uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were carried out according to the samples of rocks gathered in the studied area, respectively. Meanwhile, a damage constitutive model which considered the initial damage was established by introducing a damage variable and a correction coefficient. A linearization process method was introduced according to the characteristics of the fitting curve and experimental data. The results showed that samples under different moisture contents and confining pressures presented completely different failure mechanism. The given model could accurately describe the elastic and plastic yield characteristics as well as the strain softening behavior of collected samples at postpeak stage. Moreover, the model could precisely reflect the relationship between the elastic modulus and confining pressure at prepeak stage.
Sevelamer Prevents Uremia-Enhanced Atherosclerosis Progression in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2005)

Sevelamer delays not only vascular calcification but also atherosclerotic lesion progression in uremic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. It opens the possibility of a cholesterol-independent action of sevelamer on atheroma formation via effects on mineral metabolism, oxidative stress, or both.
Fluidification de suspensions concentées simples et mixtes par adsorption de polymères : application aux dispersions aqueuses de poudres d'alumine et/ou de rutile par le polyacrylate de sodium et des copolymères dérivés (1998)

La stabilisation de suspensions aqueuses concentrees d'alumine et/ou de rutile a ete etudiee en fonction de la nature du dispersant et de differents parametres physico-chimiques (ph, salinite, fraction volumique). L'analyse des proprietes de surface de ces oxydes a montre que ces deux particules sont de charge opposee a ph 7,5 et conduisent a des suspensions simples et mixtes agregees en l'absence de tout additif dans ces conditions experimentales. Le role de l'addition de polymeres hydrosolubles derives du polyacrylate de sodium (obtenus par greffage du squelette ou telomerisation) sur des systemes simples a ete quantifie par des isothermes d'adsorption en milieu moyennement concentre. Lorsque le substrat et le polymere sont de charge opposee, l'adsorption presente toujours un caractere de haute affinite. Au contraire, pour des charges de signe identique, elle n'est due qu'a la presence, en proportion suffisante, de motifs susceptibles d'induire des liaisons chimiques avec la surface (liaisons hydrogene ou hydrophobes). De meme, les suspensions concentrees simples ont un comportement rheologique dependant de la nature des interactions polymere / surface. Quel que soit le systeme, l'introduction de dispersant a pour effet de diminuer la viscosite du melange. Toutefois, une destabilisation plus ou moins importante en exces de polymere peut etre ensuite observee. L'emploi d'additifs de nature et de masse molaire variables a permis de mettre en evidence le role predominant de la protection sterique dans le mecanisme de stabilisation en presence de contre-ions supplementaires. Par ailleurs, la dispersion de suspensions mixtes a pu etre directement correlee avec les resultats obtenus dans le cas des systemes simples. Des fractions d'empilement maximal de l'ordre de 0,6 ont pu etre determinees pour des melanges stabilises.
Evaluation of Long-term Survival After Hepatic Resection for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2008)

Resection of liver metastases provides good long-term cancer-specific survival benefit, which can be quantified pre- or postoperatively using the criteria described. The "Basingstoke Predictive Index" may be used for risk-stratifying patients who may benefit from intensive surveillance and selection for adjuvant therapy and trials.
Evaluation of Glutaraldehyde, Chloramine-T, Bronopol, Incimaxx Aquatic® and Hydrogen Peroxide as Biocides against Flavobacterium psychrophilum for Sanitization of Rainbow Trout Eyed Eggs (2015)

International audience
A Tale of Bells and Bows: Stalking the U-Slide Trumpet (2013)

Over the past 45 years, Keith Polk has been one of the major scholars in the history of musical instruments and their repertories during the period 1300 - 1600. His publications have been extremely helpful in elucidating the development of the instruments, the repertory they performed, and the role played by instruments and instrumentalists in late medieval and Renaissance society. This collection of twelve essays on medieval and Renaissance music performance topics adds to the areas in which Keith Polk has made significant contributions, namely instruments, ensembles, and repertory. The scope of the individual essays varies in terms of geographical and temporal focus, with some involving an issue that was common to all areas of Europe, while others are specifically aimed at a single instrument, ensemble, composition, country, city, or occasion. Most of the essays are historical in nature, centring on how music was performed in particular circumstances, although some are quite practical and explain performance techniques involving voices and instruments. What unites the twelve essays is that they all shed new light on musical performance in Europe during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. The writers chosen for this volume are all highly respected scholars whose writings are always of the highest calibre. Taken as a whole, the essays in this volume make an excellent contribution to the field of music history.
Dynamic multicomponent engineered tissue reorganization and matrix deposition measured with an integrated nonlinear optical microscopy–optical coherence microscopy system (2014)

Multicomponent tissue models are viable tools to better understand cell responses in complex environments, but present challenges when investigated with live cell microscopy noninvasively. In this study, integrated nonlinear optical microscopy-optical coherence microscopy (NLOM-OCM) was used to characterize cell interactions within three-dimensional (3-D), multicomponent extracellular matrices. In fibrin-collagen mixtures, 3T3 fibroblasts were observed to recruit both fibrin and collagen fibers while remodeling matrices. Also, NLOM-OCM was used to observe collagen deposition by neonatal human dermal fibroblasts within originally fibrin matrices over an extended time. It was observed that preferentially aligned collagen deposition could be achieved with aligned fibroblasts but that cell alignment could be achieved without aligning the extant extracellular matrix. In summary, this multimodel imaging system has potential for both real-time and longitudinal imaging of living 3-D cultures, which is particularly important for evaluating cell microenvironments in composite scaffolds or serial characterization of engineered tissue constructs during culture.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-Like Pathology in Aged Monkeys after Infantile Exposure to Environmental Metal Lead (Pb): Evidence for a Developmental Origin and Environmental Link for AD (2008)

The sporadic nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) argues for an environmental link that may drive AD pathogenesis; however, the triggering factors and the period of their action are unknown. Recent studies in rodents have shown that exposure to lead (Pb) during brain development predetermined the expression and regulation of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its amyloidogenic beta-amyloid (Abeta) product in old age. Here, we report that the expression of AD-related genes [APP, BACE1 (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1)] as well as their transcriptional regulator (Sp1) were elevated in aged (23-year-old) monkeys exposed to Pb as infants. Furthermore, developmental exposure to Pb altered the levels, characteristics, and intracellular distribution of Abeta staining and amyloid plaques in the frontal association cortex. These latent effects were accompanied by a decrease in DNA methyltransferase activity and higher levels of oxidative damage to DNA, indicating that epigenetic imprinting in early life influenced the expression of AD-related genes and promoted DNA damage and pathogenesis. These data suggest that AD pathogenesis is influenced by early life exposures and argue for both an environmental trigger and a developmental origin of AD.
DieHarder (2010)

Heap-based attacks depend on a combination of memory management error and an exploitable memory allocator. Many allocators include ad hoc countermeasures against particular exploits but their effectiveness against future exploits has been uncertain. This paper presents the first formal treatment of the impact of allocator design on security. It analyzes a range of widely-deployed memory allocators, including those used by Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD, and shows that they remain vulnerable to attack. It them presents DieHarder, a new allocator whose design was guided by this analysis. DieHarder provides the highest degree of security from heap-based attacks of any practical allocator of which we are aware while imposing modest performance overhead. In particular, the Firefox web browser runs as fast with DieHarder as with the Linux allocator.
Cobalt(<scp>II</scp>) Chloride–Grignard reagent: an alternative to tin hydride in aryl radical cyclisations (1994)

A. J. Clark, D. I. Davies, K. Jones and C. Millbanks, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 41 DOI: 10.1039/C39940000041
VEGFD regulates blood vascular development by modulating SOX18 activity (2013)

Vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGFD) is a potent pro-lymphangiogenic molecule during tumor growth and is considered a key therapeutic target to modulate metastasis. Despite roles in pathological neo-lymphangiogenesis, the characterization of an endogenous role for VEGFD in vascular development has remained elusive. Here, we used zebrafish to assay for genetic interactions between the Vegf/Vegf-receptor pathway and SoxF transcription factors and identified a specific interaction between Vegfd and Sox18. Double knockdown zebrafish embryos for Sox18/Vegfd and Sox7/Vegfd exhibit defects in arteriovenous differentiation. Supporting this observation, we found that Sox18/Vegfd double but not single knockout mice displayed dramatic vascular development defects. We find that VEGFD-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling modulates SOX18-mediated transcription, functioning at least in part by enhancing nuclear concentration and transcriptional activity in vascular endothelial cells. This work suggests that VEGFD-mediated pathologies include or involve an underlying dysregulation of SOXF-mediated transcriptional networks.
PLASMA-ASSISTED DEPOSITION OF NANOSTRUCTURED FILMS AND COATINGS (2011)

Recent work is reviewed on plasma-assisted deposition of nanostructured films and coatings. Several methods are being developed. These include conventional plasma spray in which nanostructure is induced in the coarse feed powder by mechanical milling before spraying; thermal plasma spray pyrolysis; plasma flash evaporation of fine powders injected into an RF torch; hypersonic plasma particle deposition; and low-pressure plasma synthesis and deposition of nanoparticles to produce thin films.
Domain Flexibility in Retroviral Proteases:  Structural Implications for Drug Resistant Mutations<sup>,</sup> (1998)

Rigid body rotation of five domains and movements within their interfacial joints provide a rational context for understanding why HIV protease mutations that arise in drug resistant strains are often spatially removed from the drug or substrate binding sites. Domain motions associated with substrate binding in the retroviral HIV-1 and SIV proteases are identified and characterized. These motions are in addition to closure of the flaps and result from rotations of approximately 6-7 degrees at primarily hydrophobic interfaces. A crystal structure of unliganded SIV protease (incorporating the point mutation Ser 4 His to stabilize the protease against autolysis) was determined to 2.0 A resolution in a new space group, P3221. The structure is in the most "open" conformation of any retroviral protease so far examined, with six residues of the flaps disordered. Comparison of this and unliganded HIV structures, with their respective liganded structures by difference distance matrixes identifies five domains of the protease dimer that move as rigid bodies against one another: one terminal domain encompassing the N- and C-terminal beta sheet of the dimer, two core domains containing the catalytic aspartic acids, and two flap domains. The two core domains rotate toward each other on substrate binding, reshaping the binding pocket. We therefore show that, for enzymes, mutations at interdomain interfaces that favor the unliganded form of the target active site will increase the off-rate of the inhibitor, allowing the substrate greater access for catalysis. This offers a mechanism of resistance to competitive inhibitors, especially when the forward enzymatic reaction rate exceeds the rate of substrate dissociation.
Optical gain in GaAs/GaAlAs graded-index separate-confinement single-quantum-well heterostructures (1989)

Optical model gain in both the TE and TM polarizations of graded-index separate-confinement single-quantum-well heterostructure lasers measured at various levels of injection current on samples with different quantum-well widths is discussed. Lasers with wide quantum wells (>or=120 AA) have emission and gain spectra which exhibit two peaks, caused by the n=1 and n=2 subband transitions. With ordinary cavity parameters, the saturation gain of the n=1 subband transitions is lower than the cavity loss of the laser, and the lasers always lase at the n=2 transitions. Reducing the quantum-well width increases the saturation gain of the n=1 transitions enough to allow lasing from them, even in cases of higher cavity loss. Further, for a fixed cavity loss, reduction of the quantum-well width decreases the threshold current density for n=1 lasing transitions, while that for n=2 lasing increases. The superlinear increase of the material gain with the decrease of the well width reduces the minimum cavity length for n=1 subband lasing. Narrower quantum wells with higher mirror reflectivity allow shorter cavity lengths while retaining n=1 lasing, resulting in low threshold current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Baclofen facilitates the extinction of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. (2011)

The powerful, long-lasting association between the rewarding effects of a drug and contextual cues associated with drug administration can be studied using conditioned place preference (CPP). The GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen facilitates the extinction of morphine-induced CPP in mice. The current study extended this work by determining if baclofen could enhance the extinction of methamphetamine (Meth) CPP. CPP was established using a six-day conditioning protocol wherein Meth-pairings were alternated with saline-pairings. Rats were subsequently administered baclofen (2 mg/kg i.p. or vehicle) immediately after each daily forced extinction session, which consisted of a saline injection immediately prior to being placed into the previously Meth- or saline-paired chamber. One extinction training cycle, consisted of six once-daily forced extinction sessions, mimicking the alternating procedure established during conditioning, followed by a test for preference (Ext test). CPP persisted for at least four extinction cycles in vehicle-treated rats. In contrast, CPP was inhibited following a single extinction training cycle. These data indicate that Meth-induced CPP was resistant to extinction, but extinction training was rendered effective when the training was combined with baclofen. These findings converge with the prior demonstration of baclofen facilitating the extinction of morphine-induced CPP indicating that GABA(B) receptor actions are independent of the primary (unconditioned) stimulus (i.e., the opiate or the stimulant) and likely reflect mechanisms engaged by extinction learning processes per se. Thus, baclofen administered in conjunction with extinction training may be of value for addiction therapy regardless of the class of drug being abused.
China graphite pollution fears spread to Heilongjiang (2014)

Graphite production in Heilongjiang province has come under scrutiny following pollution complaints which could lead to restrictions in the world's leading flake graphite producing region.

Graphite dust has contributed to severe air and water pollution in Luobei County and Jixi City, creating what is being described as'graphite rain'. This has sparked complaints from both residents and business owners, thrusting the province, which produced 43% of the world's 420,000 tpa flake graphite in 2012, into the spotlight.

While recent government rulings have required companies in some areas to invest in more environmentally friendly processing infrastructure, the local government's failure to regulate Heilongjiang's graphite sector has caused resource depletion, an inefficient industrial structure and heavy pollution.
Updating the Evidence in the Dempster-Shafer Theory (1999)

An algorithm for updating the evidence in the Dempster-Shafer theory is presented. The algorithm is based on an idea of indices. These indices are used to code the process of reasoning under uncertainty (the combination of evidence)using the Dempster-Shafer theory. The algorithm allows to carry out the reasoning with updating the evidence in much more efficient way than using the original Dempster-Shafer theory. Updating the evidence is necessary among others in systems that are based on changing data - adaptive and distributed reasoning systems.
MICROEMULSIONS: AN OVERVIEW (1997)

ABSTRACT In the past twenty five years, microemulsions have been the focus of extensive research worldwide due to their importance in a variety of technological applications. These applications include enhanced oil recovery, combustion, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, metal cutting, lubrication, food, enzymatic catalysis, organic and bio-organic reactions, chemical synthesis of nanoparticles etc. The basic purpose of this review is intended to provide the most important features of microemulsions and their applications. Emphasis is placed on recent works, however, the reference list is by no means complete. In order to limit the size of the review, a more or less arbitary selection has been made with respect to examples chosen from literature. The review is started with a brief introduction and focussed with definition, structure, type, formation characteristics, stability, phase behavior and the effect of additives, pressure, temperature on the phase behavior of microemulsion. In addition, the physicochemical properties, state of water in the micropool, transport (electrical and hydrodynamic) behaviors, thermodynamics of formation, solubilization parameters, and uses and applications of microemulsions have been briefly presented.
Fresnel lenses: study and fabrication in silicon technology for medium-IR applications (2006)

Diffractive Fresnel Lenses (FL) were designed, fabricated and tested. The lens aims for increasing the sensitivity of a Non-Dispersive InfraRed (NDIR) silicon based optical gas system, focusing as much radiation as possible onto the detector. The studied wavelengths are 10.6μm and 3.4μm, which are the main absorption lines for ethylene and ethanol respectively. The lens diameter (5mm) and the focal length (4mm) are fixed by the detector package. Those diffractive lenses are compatible with the planar nature of silicon microtechnology. A theoretical study about the global lens efficiency as a function of the technological constrains and the process complexity has been carried out. Using only three photolithographic masks, eight quantization steps can be etched and a theoretical lens efficiency of 95% can be achieved. Once the devices were fabricated, the focal length and the spot size have been measured.
Query expansion using gaze-based feedback on the subdocument level (2008)

We examine the effect of incorporating gaze-based attention feedback from the user on personalizing the search process. Employing eye tracking data, we keep track of document parts the user read in some way. We use this information on the subdocument level as implicit feedback for query expansion and reranking.