gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non‐Volatile Organic Memory Applications Enabled by In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles in a Self‐Assembled Block Copolymer (2008)

A block copolymer with Au nanoparticles is shown to exhibit a memory effect, with the Au nanoparticles acting as floating charge storage components for the holes from pentacene in a metal–pentacene–insulator–silicon (MPIS) structure (see figure). This novel structure displays a large memory window of 2.1 V after programming and erasing modes, and excellent retention ability. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/adma200702567_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Insulin detemir in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes (2006)

Insulin detemir is a soluble long-acting human insulin analogue at neutral pH with a unique mechanism of action. Following subcutaneous injection, insulin detemir binds to albumin via fatty acid chain, thereby providing slow absorption and a prolonged metabolic effect. Insulin detemir has a less variable pharmacokinetic profile than insulin suspension isophane or insulin ultralente. The use of insulin detemir can reduce the risk of hypoglycemia (especially nocturnal hypoglycemia) in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. However, overall glycemic control, as assessed by glycated hemoglobin, is only marginally and not significantly improved compared with usual insulin therapy. The weight gain commonly associated with insulin therapy is rather limited when insulin detemir is used. In our experience, this new insulin analogue is preferably administrated at bedtime but can be proposed twice a day (in the morning and either before the dinner or at bedtime). Detemir is a promising option for basal insulin therapy in type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients.
Stabilizing quadrotor altitude and attitude through speed and torque control of BLDC motors (2014)

This research presents a control structure that utilizes the speed and torque control of the brushless DC motors (BLDC) within the attitude altitude loops in order to attain flight stability and maneuverability of the quadrotor Quadrotor platform. Classical controllers were used drive each BLDC motor to compensate for the errors in altitude and attitude of the quadrotor during flight. The control system was implemented on a dsPIC33 microcontroller that used various feedback and instrumentation sensors. A complementary filter was used to incorporate the data of the accelerometer and gyrometer to arrive at usable attitude estimates. The experimental results revealed that when using the proposed control structure, the attitude varied by less than five degrees while the altitude deviates by 50 cm. This was attributed to the fact that the PID controllers were able to compensate for the electronic speed controller (ESC) and motor mismatches. During one experiment, Quadrotor platform was able to reach six meters within five seconds.
Effects of aided and unaided support of the neck while sitting (with back support), on autonomic nervous system activities (2005)

Abstract Aim: To compare the effects of neck support and no neck support while sitting (with back support), on the autonomic nervous system for the purpose of developing effective consciousness disturbance nursing techniques based on patient posture. Methods: Seven healthy women followed two patterns in a cross‐over design study: (i) sitting in a position with back support but no neck support, sitting with both back and neck support; and (ii) sitting in a position with both back and neck support, sitting with back support but no neck support. The intervention involved unaided support of the subject's neck with each subject supporting their own neck. Coarse Graining Spectral Analysis was used to measure the effect of the two positions on the autonomic nervous system. Results: Sitting in a position with back support but no neck support increased the function of the sympathetic nervous system and decreased the function of the parasympathetic nervous system more than sitting in a position with both back and neck support. Conclusion: Unaided support of the neck stimulated the autonomic nervous system. We infer from this, therefore, that consciousness disturbance patients may benefit in terms of preventing disuse syndrome and improving their consciousness levels by developing a nursing technique involving unaided support of the neck.
Phase-Change Metasurfaces for Dyamic Beam Steering and Beam Shaping in the Infrared (2018)

We present novel phase-change material based metasurfaces for dynamic, recnofigurable and efficient wavefront shaping in the infrared spectrum. Dynamic control and reconfigurability was obtained by incorporating an ultra-thin layer of the widely-used phase change material Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> . Our approach exploits hybrid dielectic/plasmonic resonances to achieve local (subwavelength) phase control of light with low losses. A full 2π optical phase coverage was achieved with this approach, which allows for a wide flexibility in terms of realizable designs. To illustrate this concept, dynamic beam steering devices and reconfigurable planar focusing mirrors (both operating at optical telecommunications wavelengths) and their performance investigated. Absolute efficiencies up to 65% are achieved, significantly higher than the efficiencies of more commonly reported plasmonic-based phase-change metasurfaces.
Compressibility of Inorganic Azides (1970)

The compressibility of α lead azide, β lead azide, barium azide, potassium azide, sodium azide, and thallium azide have been measured by single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques for the first time in a new application of the diamond anvil pressure cell. Both the anisotropic and volume compressibilities are reported. The pressures were determined by measurements at the known freezing points of n-hexane and ethanol. A phase transition occurs in thallium azide at a pressure between the freezing points of chloroform (5390 bar) and n-decane (2990 bar). Pressure–temperature observations in the diamond cell of lead azide were carried out to 300°C and approximately 30 kbar. No phase transitions were observed. Radiation damage to azide crystals under high pressures is reduced significantly.
Fast and cycle-accurate modeling of a multicore processor (2012)

An ideal simulator allows an architect to swiftly explore design alternatives and accurately determine their impact on performance. Design exploration requires simulators to be easily modifiable, and accurate performance estimates require detailed models. Unfortunately, detailed modeling not only impacts the ease with which a simulator can be modified, but also the speed at which it can be executed, resulting in fidelity being traded for simulation speed. Although FPGA-based simulators have dramatically higher speed than software simulators, sacrificing fidelity is still common. In this paper we present Arete, an FPGA-based processor simulator, which offers high performance along with accuracy and modifiability. We begin with a cycle-level specification of a multicore architecture which includes realistic in-order cores and detailed models of shared, coherent memory and on-chip network. We then describe how this specification is implemented faithfully and efficiently on FPGAs. Arete delivers a performance of up to 11 MIPS per core. We run a subset of the PARSEC benchmark suite on top of off-the-shelf SMP Linux, and achieve an average performance of 55 MIPS for an 8-core model.We also describe two significant architectural explorations: one involving three different branch predictors and the other requiring major modifications to the cache-coherence protocol.
The X-ray single crystal structure of [Me2In(acac)]2 and its use as a single-source precursor for the deposition of indium oxide thin films (2001)

Crystalline dimethyl(pentane-2,4-dionato)indium(III), [Me2In(acac)]2, has been prepared by the reaction of dimethylindium methoxide and pentane-2,4-dione in toluene. An X-ray structure determination shows that in the solid state, the complex is dimeric. [Me2In(acac)]2 has been used as a single-source precursor for the deposition of cubic In2O3 thin films by low pressure metal–organic chemical vapour deposition (LP-MOCVD) at temperatures ranging from 350 to 450 °C, on borosilicate glass, Si(100) and GaAs(111) substrates. All the as-deposited indium oxide films are single phase, cubic-In2O3.
Prevention of Complications Related to Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents With Creatine Administration: An Open Label Randomized Pilot Study (2006)

Preliminary data suggest that the administration of creatine may be beneficial to patients with traumatic brain injury.
Oral and Craniofacial Pain: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment (2003)

The craniofacial region constitutes one of the most common sites of pain in the human body. 1 The multiplicity and frequent interconnections of pain-sensitive structures in the face make it difficult to ascertain the source of pain. Pain is a complex phenomenon that comprises sensory-discriminative, cognitive, affective, and emotional aspects. 1 This fact renders the management of facial pain syndromes a clinical challenge. Thorough knowledge of the various clinical presentations of each disorder is essential for proper management as well as neuroanatomic and patho-physiological aspects of craniofacial pain. Oral medicine and dental treatment plays a pivotal role in delineating underlying pathology and thereby is essential for proper management. Headache can contribute to craniofacial pain in various clinical presentations, since a vast majority of headache disorders can be identified as the cause of craniofacial pain. Headache can be primary headache disorders, where the headache is the illness itself; this category includes migraine, tension-type headache, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, idiopathic intracranial hemicrania, and cluster headache. Secondary headache may be due to identifiable disorders or structural lesions, such as cervicogenic headache. Due to its breadth and complexity, primary headache is not discussed in this chapter. This chapter comprises the diagnosis, pathophysiology, investigations, and treatment of some of the common and significant etiologies of non-headache, craniofacial pain (Table 1).
Diagnostic Accuracy of Cervical Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Is Improved With MIB-1 Immunostaining (2002)

There is considerable interobserver variation in the diagnosis of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion that involves mature squamous epithelium. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of MIB-1 immunostaining as an adjunct test to increase diagnostic accuracy. Consecutive cervical biopsies originally diagnosed as normal (n = 26) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (n = 23) were reviewed by three pathologists to obtain a consensus diagnosis. MIB-1 immunostaining was performed, and positive staining was defined as a cluster of at least two stained nuclei in the upper two thirds of the epithelial thickness. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection was performed using a polymerase chain reaction assay. All cases were subsequently reclassified as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or normal (NL) when two or three of three gold standard criteria were satisfied (LSIL gold standard criteria = consensus diagnosis of LSIL, HPV+, MIB-1+; NL gold standard criteria = consensus diagnosis of NL, HPV-, MIB-1-). Using the gold standard diagnoses, we have identified that 14 normal cases (36%) were originally overdiagnosed as LSIL, and one LSIL case (10%) was originally underdiagnosed as normal. All MIB-1-positive cases were HPV+ and identified as LSIL in the consensus review. All MIB-1-negative cases were NL by gold standard criteria. The sensitivity (1.0) and the specificity (1.0) of MIB-1 staining for identifying LSIL were superior to the sensitivity (0.9) and the specificity (0.8) of HPV testing. In conclusion, MIB-1 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for identifying low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and is helpful in verifying the diagnosis of equivocal cases.
Spall Fracture of CFRP Short Cylinders by Impact. (1993)

Spall phenomena between laminas in short circular cylinders made of carbon-fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are investigated experimentally. The CFRP cylinders are impacted by circular thin steel plates which are fired by a light gas gun. The effects of initially existing defects in the specimens on the interlaminar spall fracture are examined by the measurement of stress waves, ultrasonic nondestructive inspections, and Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations.
H-NS Silences <i>gfp</i> , the Green Fluorescent Protein Gene: <i>gfp</i> <sup>TCD</sup> Is a Genetically Remastered <i>gfp</i> Gene with Reduced Susceptibility to H-NS-Mediated Transcription Silencing and with Enhanced Translation (2010)

The bacterial nucleoid-associated protein H-NS, which preferentially targets and silences A+T-rich genes, binds the ubiquitous reporter gene gfp and dramatically reduces local transcription. We have redesigned gfp to reduce H-NS-mediated transcription silencing and simultaneously improve translation in vivo without altering the amino acid sequence of the GFP protein.
Mining user similarity from semantic trajectories (2010)

In recent years, research on measuring trajectory similarity has attracted a lot of attentions. Most of similarities are defined based on the geographic features of mobile users' trajectories. However, trajectories geographically close may not necessarily be similar because the activities implied by nearby landmarks they pass through may be different. In this paper, we argue that a better similarity measurement should have taken into account the semantics of trajectories. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for recommending potential friends based on users' semantic trajectories for location-based social networks. The core of our proposal is a novel trajectory similarity measurement, namely, Maximal Semantic Trajectory Pattern Similarity (MSTP-Similarity), which measures the semantic similarity between trajectories. Accordingly, we propose a user similarity measurement based on MSTP-Similarity of user trajectories and use it as the basis for recommending potential friends to a user. Through experimental evaluation, the proposed friend recommendation approach is shown to deliver excellent performance.
A parallel processing approach to image object labeling problems (abstract only) (1987)

The image object labeling problem plays an important role in the computer vision and artificial intelligence fields [5]. Several parallel processing approaches have been proposed to obtain solutions in various stages involved in this problem [4]. This paper describes a new parallel object labeling algorithm, based on multi-processor systems with a hypercube interconnection network. The system could be either SIMD or MIMD. The computation time complexity is discussed in this paper and compared with sequential methods and other parallel methods.
Pharmacological study of CDP-choline. Protection against toxicity in a model of experimental hypoxia. (1983)

The influence of oral cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) on the experimental toxicity induced by potassium cyanide is investigated. Animals receiving a preventive treatment with CDP-choline were protected.
Branching patterns in the porcine coronary arterial tree. Estimation of flow heterogeneity. (1992)

The aim of this study is to quantify the porcine coronary arterial branching pattern and to use this quantification for the interpretation of flow heterogeneity. Two casts of the coronary arterial tree were made at diastolic arrest and maximal dilation. The relation between length and diameter of arterial segments was quantified, as well as the area expansion ratio and diameter symmetry of vascular nodes. These relations were used to construct computer models of the coronary arterial tree, covering diameters between 10 and 500 microns. Topology of these simulated trees was analyzed using Strahler ordering: Bifurcation ratio, diameter ratio, and length ratio were constant along orders 2-8 and equal to 3.30, 1.51, and 1.63, respectively. In each order, the number of segments per Strahler vessel was almost geometrically distributed. For the lowest orders, these predictions were confirmed by direct observations. From the network model, local pressure and flow were also predicted: Pressure fell from 90 to 32 mm Hg at the 10-microns level. The coefficient of variation (CV) of flow in individual segments was dependent on the number of perfused terminal segments (Nt) according to the fractal relation CV(Nt) approximately Nt(1-D), where D is the fractal dimension (1.20). CV of flow in 1-g tissue units was predicted to be 18%. This study shows that the structure of the coronary arterial bed is an important determinant of the fractal nature of local flow heterogeneity.
Effect of Buffer Layer on Epitaxial Growth of YSZ Deposited on Si Substrate by Slower Q-switched 266 nm YAG Laser (2004)

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was grown on Si(100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The laser used in this study was a 266 nm YAG laser with a second function generator modulating only the Q-switch while the primary generator modulated the flash lamp (slower Q-switch). Epitaxial growth was verified on YSZ film deposited without oxygen gas followed by primary deposition in oxygen atmosphere on Si substrate with a ∼0.4-nm-thin oxide layer. The crystallinity was strongly dependent on the thickness of the buffer layer deposited prior to the primary deposition of YSZ. The epitaxial growth was confirmed by φ scan, and ω scan (rocking curve) showed the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 1.1 deg. The required oxygen pressure for epitaxial growth was quite high compared to that of excimer deposition.
An instrument for precise measurement of viscoelastic properties of low viscosity dilute macromolecular solutions at frequencies from 20 to 500 kHz (1994)

A high-frequency torsional rod apparatus (HFTRA) has been developed for measurements of moderately high-frequency viscoelastic properties of dilute, low viscosity polymer solutions. It employs a long cylindrically shaped resonating element driven by an X-cut (torsional mode) quartz piezoelectric crystal. Up to 11 different normal modes are employed, resulting in 11 discrete frequencies, ranging from approximately 20 to 500 kHz. Measurements are made in free decay; a key feature of the apparatus is the method for high precision measurements of damping coefficients and eigenfrequencies. The instrument is suitable for liquids with 0.003P&lt;‖η*‖&lt;5P and η′≥1.33η″. Typically, η′ has a relative uncertainty of ±2% or less, with the relative uncertainty for η″ being about 4% for liquids with η″ greater than 0.01P. Values of η′ obtained in the HFTRA for low viscosity liquids with small η″ show excellent agreement with the known steady flow viscosities. Measurements of the viscoelastic properties of polymer solutions employing the HFTRA and two other instruments capable of higher precision measurements show excellent agreement, demonstrating that the HFTRA is sufficiently precise for dilute-solution viscoelasticity studies; the working frequency range is such that most of the polymer relaxation time spectrum can be probed for many polymer/solvent combinations.
Macrophages in Alzheimer’s disease: the blood-borne identity (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by cognitive decline involving loss of memory, reasoning and linguistic ability. The amyloid cascade hypothesis holds that mismetabolism and aggregation of neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides, which are deposited as amyloid plaques, are the central etiological events in AD. Recent evidence from AD mouse models suggests that blood-borne mononuclear phagocytes are capable of infiltrating the brain and restricting beta-amyloid plaques, thereby limiting disease progression. These observations raise at least three key questions: (1) what is the cell of origin for macrophages in the AD brain, (2) do blood-borne macrophages impact the pathophysiology of AD and (3) could these enigmatic cells be therapeutically targeted to curb cerebral amyloidosis and thereby slow disease progression? This review begins with a historical perspective of peripheral mononuclear phagocytes in AD, and moves on to critically consider the controversy surrounding their identity as distinct from brain-resident microglia and their potential impact on AD pathology.
Estimation of Evapotranspiration ET and Crop Coefficient K of Wheat, in south Nile Delta of Egypt Using integrated FAO-56 approach and remote sensing data (2012)

Crop water requirements are represented by the actual crop evapotranspiration. Estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient using remote-sensing data is essential for planning the irrigation water use in arid and semiarid regions. This study focuses on estimating the crop coefficient (Kc) and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) using SPOT-4 satellite data integrated with the meteorological data and FAO-56 approach. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) were estimated using FAO Penman-Monteith and tabled single crop coefficient values were adjusted to real values. SPOT-4 images geometrically and radio metrically corrected were used to drive the vegetation indices (NDVI and SAVI). Multi linear regression analysis was applied to develop the crop coefficient (Kc) prediction equations for the different growth stages from vegetation indices. The results showed R2 were 0.82, 0.90 and 0.97 as well as adjusted R2 were 0.80, 0.86 and 0.96 for developing, mid-season and late-season growth stage respectively.
Do Composite Single-Walled Nanotubes Have Enhanced Capability for Lithium Storage? (2005)

The lithium adsorption energies of C, BC3, BC2N, and BN single-walled nanotubes and the electronic structures of the lithium-intercalated nanotubes products were computed using density functional methods. Due to the strong propensity of boron to accept electrons from lithium energetically, the electron-deficient BC3 nanotubes, both zigzag and armchair, adsorb lithium very favorably. Electron-sufficient BN nanotubes with partial ionic bonding, in contrast, adsorb lithium poorly. In addition, the wide band gap and low electrical conductivity of BN nanotubes make them unsuitable for Li ion battery applications. Hence, Li adsorption depends critically on the electronic structure of composite nanotubes. Also, our study of lithium diffusion in C and BC3 nanotubes revealed that high energy barriers preclude Li passage through the sidewalls of perfect BC3 nanotubes. However, the penetration barriers for C nanotubes are twice as large. Model studies also show that it is possible that dilithium can be adsorbed favorably on the exterior of carbon nanotubes, while the BC3 tubes can adsorb lithium atoms both inside and outside. The present computations suggest that BC3 nanotubes are promising candidates for Li intercalation materials suitable for battery applications.