gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-Cyclodextrin and Curcumin, a Potent Cocktail for Disaggregating and/or Inhibiting Amyloids: A Case Study with α-Synuclein (2014)

Aggregation of α-synuclein has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). While many compounds are known to inhibit α-synuclein aggregation, dissolution of aggregates into their constituent monomers cannot be readily achieved. In this study, using a range of techniques, we have shown that an optimized cocktail of curcumin and β-cyclodextrin, at appreciably low concentrations, not only inhibited aggregation but also broke up the preformed aggregates almost completely. We propose that these compounds exhibit synergy in their action and thus provide us with the exciting prospect of working toward the development of a suitable drug candidate for prevention and treatment of PD.
MapReduce as a general framework to support research in Mining Software Repositories (MSR) (2009)

Researchers continue to demonstrate the benefits of Mining Software Repositories (MSR) for supporting software development and research activities. However, as the mining process is time and resource intensive, they often create their own distributed platforms and use various optimizations to speed up and scale up their analysis. These platforms are project-specific, hard to reuse, and offer minimal debugging and deployment support. In this paper, we propose the use of MapReduce, a distributed computing platform, to support research in MSR. As a proof-of-concept, we migrate J-REX, an optimized evolutionary code extractor, to run on Hadoop, an open source implementation of MapReduce. Through a case study on the source control repositories of the Eclipse, BIRT and Datatools projects, we demonstrate that the migration effort to MapReduce is minimal and that the benefits are significant, as running time of the migrated J-REX is only 30% to 50% of the original J-REX's. This paper documents our experience with the migration, and highlights the benefits and challenges of the MapReduce framework in the MSR community.
The Human Pro-opiomelanocortin Gene: Organization, Sequence, and Interspersion with Repetitive DNA (1982)

The human pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene has been characterized by molecular cloning and DNA sequence analysis. Although this gene codes for several different polypeptide hormones, only a single intron interrupts the protein coding region. The DNA in this intron, and in a second intron found in the region of the gene homologous to the mRNA 5'-untranslated sequence, contains repetitive DNA sequences. At least some of these sequences belong to the Alu family of transcribed middle repetitive DNA. The determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the coding regions of the gene demonstrates that the pattern of homologous and variable regions seen in the POMC protein between different species is reflected at the DNA level. DNA sequences encoding the highly conserved regions of POMC are 90-95% homologous between species while the coding sequences for the variable regions of the protein are approximately 70% homologous. The very high degree of homology in the amino terminal portion of POMC is consistent with an important physiological role for this peptide.
Hyperhomocysteinemia in premature arterial disease: examination of cystathionine β-synthase alleles at the molecular level (1995)

Hyperhomocysteinemia occurs in approximately 30% of the patients with premature occlusive arterial disease (POAD). Some of these exhibit significantly reduced fibroblast cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) activities, suggesting that they may be heterozygous for CBS deficiency. To test this possibility, we studied cDNA derived from four well characterized patients with POAD, exhibiting hyperhomocysteinemia and reduced CBS activities, from four normal controls, and from four obligatory heterozygotes for CBS deficiency. Lysates of individual colonies of E.coli, containing full-length PCR-amplification products in the expression vector, pKK388.1, were tested for CBS activity. cDNA from at least seven of the eight possible independent POAD alleles encoded catalytically active, stable CBS which exhibited normal response to both PLP and AdoMet. The sequences of all 3'-untranslated regions of all seven isolated POAD alleles were identical to the normal, 'wild-type' CBS sequences. The results of the expression studies were confirmed for one POAD patient by determining the full-length cDNA sequences for both alleles; these were entirely normal over the complete length of the cDNA. In contrast, the screening method correctly distinguished mutant from normal alleles in all four obligatory heterozygotes studied. We conclude that CBS mRNAs from POAD individuals are free from inactivating mutations, including all 33 previously identified in heterozygous carriers and homocystinuric patients.
Enhanced bronchial expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors (Flk-1 and Flt-1) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2005)

VEGF and its receptors Flt-1 and KDR/Flk-1 may be involved in peripheral vascular and airway remodelling processes in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. This system may also be associated with epithelial cell viability during airway wall remodelling in COPD.
Fluorenacene und Fluorenaphene. Synthesen in der Indeno‐fluorenreihe. I. Cis‐Fluorenacen (Indeno‐(2',1':2,3)‐fluoren) (1951)

Abstract 1. Es werden die 5 möglichen isomeren Indeno‐fluorene entsprechend der Stellung ihrer Methylene gekennzeichnet und für die angularen die Bezeichnung Fluorenaphene, für die linearen Fluorenacene nebst einer eindeutigen Bezifferung eingeführt.
On a formula of Harald Cramér (1975)

Abstract In 1930 H. Cramer determined the probability that the total claim never exceeds the risk reserve in the interval (0, ∞) in an insurance risk process in which the initial risk reserve is x, clients pay premium with a constant unit rate, claims occur in accordance with a homogeneous Poisson process, and the risk sums are independent and identically distributed positive random variables. In 1930 F. Pollaczek and in 1932 A. Y. Khintchine determined the limit of the probability that the waiting time is ⋜x for a single server queue with Poisson input and general service times. In 1952 the author determined the limit of the probability that the virtual waiting time is ⋜x for a single server queue with Poisson input and general service times. Surprisingly, in all three cases we have the same limit. In this paper this curious coincidence is explained, and the aforementioned results are extended to the cases where claims occur in accordance with a recurrent process in the risk process and customers arrive in accordance with a recurrent process in the queuing process.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Grandifloracin by Iron Complexation of a Microbial Arene Oxidation Product (2011)

(+)-Grandifloracin was synthesized from sodium benzoate by means of a dearomatizing dihydroxylation that proceeds with unusual regioselectivity. Iron diene complexes formed from the arene oxidation product permit the use of otherwise inaccessible transformations. The synthetic material was shown to be antipodal to the natural product, thus determining the absolute configuration of grandifloracin for the first time.
A Practical Application of Differential Privacy to Personalized Online Advertising. (2011)

Online advertising plays an important role in supporting many Internet services. Personalized online advertising offers marketers a way to direct ads at very specific audiences. The vast body of Internet users combined with the ease of creating and monitoring personalized advertising campaigns make online advertising an extremely strong tool for marketers. However, many concerns arise regarding the implications of online advertising for the privacy of web users. Specifically, recent works show how the privacy of Internet users may be breached by attacks utilizing personalized advertising campaigns such as those provided by Facebook. Such attacks succeed even without the user ever noticing the attack or being able to avoid it (unless refraining from going on the Internet). In this work, we suggest practical and concrete measures for preventing the feasibility of such attacks on online advertising systems, taking Facebook as our case study. We present a mechanism for releasing statistics on advertising campaigns in a way that preserves the privacy of web users. The notion of privacy that we adopt is a mathematically rigorous definition of privacy called differential privacy. In addition, we show that the seemingly overly restrictive notion of differential privacy is in fact the one necessary here, and that weaker notions would not suffice.
Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material (2006)

Abstract : A study was conducted to explore a zirconium-based bulk metallic glass, Vitreloy 106, as a jetting material. In the past, bulk metallic glass alloys (e.g., Vitreloy 106) have been used for other applications such as the binder for kinetic energy penetrators. These alloys are a homogeneous mixture of several metals. Based on the experiments described herein, it was concluded that this zirconium-based bulk metallic glass behaves more like a shaped charge liner, which is fabricated from pressed powder metals, than a pure glass liner. In the extreme conditions during the formation and flight of the jet to the target, the bulk metallic glass liner disperses and its effectiveness is greatly diminished. It is conceivable that improvements in liner geometry, composition, and fabrication may result in an improved jet.
Motoneurons Express Heteromeric TWIK-Related Acid-Sensitive K<sup>+</sup>(TASK) Channels Containing TASK-1 (KCNK3) and TASK-3 (KCNK9) Subunits (2004)

Background potassium currents carried by the KCNK family of two-pore-domain K+ channels are important determinants of resting membrane potential and cellular excitability. TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ 1 (TASK-1, KCNK3) and TASK-3 (KCNK9) are pH-sensitive subunits of the KCNK family that are closely related and coexpressed in many brain regions. There is accumulating evidence that these two subunits can form heterodimeric channels, but this evidence remains controversial. In addition, a substantial contribution of heterodimeric TASK channels to native currents has not been unequivocally established. In a heterologous expression system, we verified formation of heterodimeric TASK channels and characterized their properties; TASK-1 and TASK-3 were coimmunoprecipitated from membranes of mammalian cells transfected with the channel subunits, and a dominant negative TASK-1(Y191F) construct strongly diminished TASK-3 currents. Tandem-linked heterodimeric TASK channel constructs displayed a pH sensitivity (pK approximately 7.3) in the physiological range closer to that of TASK-1 (pK approximately 7.5) than TASK-3 (pK approximately 6.8). On the other hand, heteromeric TASK channels were like TASK-3 insofar as they were activated by high concentrations of isoflurane (0.8 mm), whereas TASK-1 channels were inhibited. The pH and isoflurane sensitivities of native TASK-like currents in hypoglossal motoneurons, which strongly express TASK-1 and TASK-3 mRNA, were best represented by TASK heterodimeric channels. Moreover, after blocking homomeric TASK-3 channels with ruthenium red, we found a major component of motoneuronal isoflurane-sensitive TASK-like current that could be attributed to heteromeric TASK channels. Together, these data indicate that TASK-1 and TASK-3 subunits coassociate in functional channels, and heteromeric TASK channels provide a substantial component of background K(+) current in motoneurons with distinct modulatory properties.
A New Stereocontrolled Route to (−)-Shikimic Acid (1996)

Abstract A new stereocontrolled route to (−)-shikimic acid, the component of the fruit of shikimi tree, Illicium religiosum, and the key biogenetic precursor of a variety of aromatic natural products, has been developed using the chiral 2,5-cyclohexadienol synthon.
New observation of charge injection in MOS analogueswitches (1994)

Based on experimental analogue MOS switches, the Letter reports a new observation of the charge injection component due to channel charges in weak inversion. As identified by the mixed-mode circuit and device simulations, this new component can contribute comparably to the switch-induced error voltage on a switched capacitor.
Ruthenium Carbenes Supported on Mesoporous Silicas as Highly Active and Selective Hybrid Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis Reactions under Continuous Flow (2013)

In the search for a highly active and selective heterogenized metathesis catalyst, we systematically varied the pore geometry and size of various silica-based mesoporous (i.e., MCM-41, MCM-48, and SBA-15) and microporous (ZSM-5 and MWW) versus macroporous materials (D11-10 and Aerosil 200), besides other process parameters (temperature, dilution, and mean residence time). The activity and, especially, selectivity of such "linker-free" supports for ruthenium metathesis catalysts were evaluated in the cyclodimerization of cis-cyclooctene to form 1,9-cyclohexadecadiene, a valuable intermediate in the flavor and fragrance industry. The optimized material showed not only exceptionally high selectivity to the valuable product, but also turned out to be a truly heterogeneous catalyst with superior activity relative to the unsupported homogeneous complex.
Aerosol polarimetry sensor for the Glory Mission (2007)

This paper describes the Glory Mission Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) being built by Raytheon under contract to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Scheduled for launch in late 2008, the instrument is part of the US Climate Change Research Initiative to determine the global distribution of aerosols and clouds with sufficient accuracy and coverage to establish the aerosol effects on global climate change as well as begin a precise long-term aerosol record. The Glory APS is a polarimeter with nine solar reflectance spectral bands that measure the first three Stokes parameters vector components for a total of 27 unique measurements. In order to improve the reliability and accuracy of the measurements, additional 9 redundant measurements are made, yielding a total of 36 channels. The sensor is designed to acquire spatial, temporal, and spectral measurements simultaneously to minimize instrumental effects and provide extremely accurate Raw Data Records. The APS scans in the direction close to of the spacecraft velocity vector in order to acquire multi-angle samples for each retrieval location so that the Stokes parameters can be measured as functions of view angle.
Synthesis and characterization of polyester‐imides from imidodicarboxylic acid monomers and ethylene glycol (1993)

Abstract Two monoimidodicarboxylic acids and four diimidodicarboxylic acids were synthesized from trimellitic anhydride and amino compounds, viz., glycine, p ‐aminobenzoic acid, 4,4'‐diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'‐diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'‐diaminodiphenyl methane, and 4,4'‐diaminodiphenyl sulfide, and characterized by IR and 1 H‐NMR spectroscopies and melting‐point determination. These functional monomers were condensed in N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone solvent with ethylene glycol by a transesterification reaction to obtain the novel polyester‐imides with backbones of alternate imide‐ester linkages or imide‐imide‐ester‐ester linkages with SO 2 , O, CH 2 , or SS bridges in between. All the polymers were characterized by IR and 1 H‐NMR spectroscopies, X‐ray diffraction, solution viscosity, solubility and solubility parameters, and differential thermal analysis. Most of the polymers possess amorphous structure and fairly high decomposition temperatures (450–485°C). These polymers having solubility parameters in the range δ 11.44–11.85, as determined by the group contribution technique, are soluble at room temperatures in aprotic polar solvents. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Integrated and Learning (2004)

Jane Rees explains how an integrated visual arts program in the primary years is helping to create lifelong learners who are able to find the extraordinary in the ordinary.
Viscosity model for polydisperse polymer melts (1998)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. Nichetti, I. Manas-Zloczower; Viscosity model for polydisperse polymer melts. J. Rheol. 1 July 1998; 42 (4): 951–969. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.550908 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Effect of complex bolus-tissue load configurations on SAR distributions from dual concentric conductor applicators (1999)

Power deposition [specific absorption rate (SAR)] distributions from a two-element array configuration of 4-cm-square 915-MHz dual concentric conductor (DCC) microwave antennas were characterized theoretically for several clinically realistic complex bolus-tissue load models using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) numerical method. The purpose of this effort was to determine the perturbing effects on SAR of three often unavoidable heterogeneities in the bolus-tissue load. The three cases studied in this work consist of bone (two ribs spaced 1 cm apart) embedded 5-mm or 1-cm deep in muscle or layered fat-muscle tissue, small air bubbles trapped between the coupling bolus and tissue surface, and variable thickness water bolus layer due to sharply contoured anatomy. Results of the FDTD simulations demonstrate rather small effects on SAR distribution for both rib-sized bones > or = 5-mm deep in muscle and small air pockets < or = 1-mm thick. Larger air bubbles > 1-cm diameter by 3-mm depth showed a distinct concentration of SAR near the lateral sides of the air bubbles, and a blocking effect under the bubbles when located directly under the center of a DCC aperture where there is a higher normal E-field component. Variation from 2.5- to 7.5-mm bolus thickness under the two aperture array produced only minor perturbation of the uniformity and penetration of SAR, along with minor reduction in SAR under the thicker bolus which should be accommodated sufficiently by changes in applied power to the array elements.
Direct generation of a 750 fs, 10 GHz pulse trainfrom a regenerativelymode-locked fibre laser with multiple harmonic modulation (1996)

A 750 fs transform-limited pulse train at 10 GHz has been directly generated for the first time from a regeneratively mode-locked fibre laser which has two synchronised amplitude modulations at 10 and 20 GHz.
Arbitrarily Accurate Dynamical Control in Open Quantum Systems (2010)

We show that open-loop dynamical control techniques may be used to synthesize unitary transformations in open quantum systems in such a way that decoherence is perturbatively compensated for to a desired (in principle arbitrarily high) level of accuracy, which depends only on the strength of the relevant errors and the achievable rate of control modulation. Our constructive and fully analytical solution employs concatenated dynamically corrected gates, and is applicable independently of detailed knowledge of the system-environment interactions and environment dynamics. Explicit implications for boosting quantum gate fidelities in realistic scenarios are addressed.
Altered expression of the mRNA stability factor HuR promotes cyclooxygenase-2 expression in colon cancer cells (2001)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is normally tightly regulated. However, constitutive overexpression plays a key role in colon carcinogenesis. To understand the molecular nature of enhanced COX-2 expression detected in colon cancer, we examined the ability of the AU-rich element-containing (ARE-containing) 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of COX-2 mRNA to regulate rapid mRNA decay in human colon cancer cells. In tumor cells displaying enhanced growth and tumorigenicity that is correlated with elevated COX-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and IL-8 protein levels, the corresponding mRNAs were transcribed constitutively and turned over slowly. The observed mRNA stabilization is owing to defective recognition of class II-type AREs present within the COX-2, VEGF, and IL-8 3'UTRs; c-myc mRNA, containing a class I ARE decayed rapidly in the same cells. Correlating with cellular defects in mRNA stability, the RNA-binding of trans-acting cellular factors was altered. In particular, we found that the RNA-stability factor HuR binds to the COX-2 ARE, and overexpression of HuR, as detected in tumors, results in elevated expression of COX-2, VEGF, and IL-8. These findings demonstrate the functional significance rapid mRNA decay plays in controlling gene expression and show that dysregulation of these trans-acting factors can lead to overexpression of COX-2 and other angiogenic proteins, as detected in neoplasia.
Retracted Article: Water-soluble multidentate polymers compactly coating Ag<sub>2</sub>S quantum dots with minimized hydrodynamic size and bright emission tunable from red to second near-infrared region (2014)

Hydrodynamic size-minimized quantum dots (QDs) have outstanding physicochemical properties for applications in multicolor molecular and cellular imaging at the level of single molecules and nanoparticles. In this study, we have reported the aqueous synthesis of Ag2S QDs by using thiol-based multidentate polymers as capping reagents. By regulating the composition of the precursors (AgNO3 and sulfur-N2H4·H2O complex) and multidentate polymers (poly(acrylic acid)-graft-cysteamine-graft-ethylenediamine), as well as the reaction time, Ag2S QDs (2.6-3.7 nm) are prepared, displaying tunable photoluminescence (PL) emission from red to the second near-infrared region (687-1096 nm). The small hydrodynamic thickness (1.6-1.9 nm) of the multidentate polymers yields a highly compact coating for the QDs, which results in the bright fluorescent QDs with high PL quantum yields (QYs: 14.2-16.4%). Experimental results confirm that the QDs have high PL stability and ultralow cytotoxicity, as well as high PLQYs and small hydrodynamic sizes (4.5-5.6 nm) similar to fluorescent proteins (27-30 kDa), indicating the feasibility of highly effective PL imaging in cells and living animals.
The primary structure of spinach glycolate oxidase deduced from the DNA sequence of a cDNA clone. (1987)

A cDNA clone encoding the peroxisomal enzyme glycolate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.15) was identified by probing a cDNA library of spinach with synthetic oligonucleotides based on the partial amino acid sequence of the enzyme. Determination of the DNA sequence of the 1526-nucleotide cDNA indicated a 1107-nucleotide open reading frame which encodes a polypeptide of 40,282 daltons. The polypeptide produced by in vitro transcription and translation of the cDNA insert had the same apparent subunit molecular mass as the enzyme purified from leaves, indicating that the cDNA encodes a full-length polypeptide and that no cleavage of the polypeptide is required for uptake of the polypeptide by peroxisomes. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with those of two other plant peroxisomal proteins revealed a region of homology which may be involved in directing proteins to the peroxisome.