gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Thermal Application on Dysphagia After Stroke (1991)

The influence of thermal application on dysphagia for liquid boluses after multiple cerebrovascular accidents was measured. A month-long trial of thermal application organized according to the guidelines of a single-subject withdrawal or ABAB design was replicated across 7 male subjects. After baseline testing, 6 subjects were randomly assigned to begin the study with a week-long period of thermal application (B stage), and 1 subject was randomly assigned to begin the study with a week-long period of no thermal application (A stage). Subsequent week-long A and B stages were then alternated until each subject had completed the 4-week interval of this study. Progress testing occurred at the end of each stage and at follow-up testing 1 month after the study's completion. The influence of thermal application on eight duration and four descriptive measures was determined by three judges using visual inspection of data displays. Two of three judges agreed that 2 of the subjects demonstrated decreased Duration of Stage Transition in the absence of any change in the occurrence of aspiration or penetration. Overall, this study failed to reveal strong evidence that 2 weeks of thermal application alternating with 2 weeks of no thermal application improves dysphagia following multiple strokes. Further replications are needed.
Total synthesis of deoxybouvardin and RA-VII: macrocyclization via an intramolecular Ullmann reaction (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of deoxybouvardin and RA-VII: macrocyclization via an intramolecular Ullmann reactionDale L. Boger and Daniel YohannesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4, 1427–1429Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00004a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views516Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
DivideMix: Learning with Noisy Labels as Semi-supervised Learning (2020)

Deep neural networks are known to be annotation-hungry. Numerous efforts have been devoted to reducing the annotation cost when learning with deep networks. Two prominent directions include learning with noisy labels and semi-supervised learning by exploiting unlabeled data. In this work, we propose DivideMix, a novel framework for learning with noisy labels by leveraging semi-supervised learning techniques. In particular, DivideMix models the per-sample loss distribution with a mixture model to dynamically divide the training data into a labeled set with clean samples and an unlabeled set with noisy samples, and trains the model on both the labeled and unlabeled data in a semi-supervised manner. To avoid confirmation bias, we simultaneously train two diverged networks where each network uses the dataset division from the other network. During the semi-supervised training phase, we improve the MixMatch strategy by performing label co-refinement and label co-guessing on labeled and unlabeled samples, respectively. Experiments on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate substantial improvements over state-of-the-art methods. Code is available at https://github.com/LiJunnan1992/DivideMix .
Lederschildpadden, reuzenhaaien en La Plata dolfijnen zwommen ooit in het zuidelijk deel van het Noordzeebekken (nu: Westerschelde) (2019)

Fossielen van walvissen (Cetacea) worden op een aantal plaatsen in de wereld in grote hoeveelheden aangetroffen. De drie belangrijkste hotspots bevinden zich in Egypte (de Fayum), Pakistan (Siwaliks) en Peru (Pisco bekken). Het ziet ernaar uit dat we intussen ook het zuidelijk deel van het Noordzeebekken, in het bijzonder de Westerschelde, in dit illustere rijtje kunnen opnemen. Vooral de laatste paar decennia is het aantal fossielen van die vindplaats, en de kennis over de soorten die gevonden worden, enorm toegenomen. Het enige verschil met genoemde drie vindplaatsen is dat bij ons het materiaal onder de waterspiegel ligt verborgen, en niet aan het oppervlak voor het oprapen ligt
The effect of asynchronism on the total capacity of Gaussian multiple-access channels (1992)

The degradation due to complete asynchronism (at the codeword and symbol levels) in the total capacity, maximum rate-sum, of white Gaussian multiple-access channels is investigated. It is shown that asynchronism reduces the total capacity of a K-user channel by at most a factor of K. Moreover, this bound is achieved, in asymptotically high signal-to-noise ratios, by the TDMA signaling strategy. When the signaling strategies are optimally designed to maximize the asynchronous total capacity under bandwidth constraints, the authors find that in a two-user channel: (1) for a certain set of signal-to-noise ratios there is no degradation due to asynchronism, (2) for any bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratios the asynchronous total capacity is at least 88% of the synchronous total capacity, and (3) asynchronism has a vanishing small effect on total capacity for both low and high signal-to-noise ratios.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Resonance Broadening of Caesium (1942)

The resonance broadening of homogeneous Cs vapor in absorption was studied by means of the contour method. The intensities were obtained via the method of "astigmatic photometry" by utilizing the astigmatism of the Rowland grating. The pressure of the homogeneous absorbing vapor ranged from ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ to 17.5 mm Hg. The half breadth $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ varied rather linearly with the number of atoms per unit volume, with $(\frac{{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}}{N})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}=1.45$, $(\frac{{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2}}{N})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ for the $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ eomponents of the resonance lines, respectively. The average value of the ratio of half breadths $\frac{{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}}{{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2}}$ was found to be 1.8. The experimental half-width $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is found to be about 1\textonehalf{} times larger than that predicted by W. V. Houston. Below pressures of 10 mm Hg the lines exhibited symmetrical broadening according to the "dispersion" formula. At higher pressures indications of a violet and red asymmetry are present for the $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ components, respectively. A definite band on the red side of the $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and one on the violet side of the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ was observed.
Studies on Chemotherapeutics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. XIX. : Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity on Mycobacterium tuberculosis of 2-Pyrrolecarboxaldehyde, 2, 4-Dihydroxy-5-ethylbenzaldehyde and 2, 4-Dihydroxy-5-isoamylbenzaldehyde Derivatives (1967)

Nineteen kinds of 2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde derivetives and 41 kinds of 5-ethylbenzaldehyde and 2, 4-dihydroxy-5-isoamylbenzaldehyde derivatives were synthesized and their antibacterial activity was tested using a sensitive strain of human type tubercle bacilli H37Rv and a multiple resistant strain, H37RvR, which is resistant to 300μg./ml. of streptomycin, 50 μg./ml. of INAH, and 50μg./ml. of PAS. In contrast to the growth-inhibition of H37RvS strain at 0.0625μg./ml. of INAH and 12.5μg./ml. of TBI, thiosemicarbazone, 4-methyl-thiosemicarbazone, 4-ethylthiosemicarbazone, and 4-phenylthiosemicarbazone of 2-pyrrolecar-boxaldehyde inhibited the growth of these strains at 3.13μg./ml. 4-Methylthiosemicarbazone and 4-phenylthiosemicarbazone showed a fairly strong antibacterial action against H37RvR strain at 3.13μg./ml., in contrast to 12.5μg./ml, of TBl used as control. However, none of the derivatives of 2, 4-dihydroxy-5-ethylbenzaldehyde and 2, 4-dihydroxy-5-isoamylbenzaldehyde showed a strong antibacterial activity.
Ternary Complexes Between DNA, Polyamine, and Cucurbituril: A Modular Approach to DNA-Binding Molecules (2000)

Attachment of small molecules to large biomolecules can occur through a supramolecular three-body modular-binding scheme (see scheme). This approach allows cucurbit[6]uril (C), which normally cannot bind to DNA, to be attached to double-stranded DNA (A) through a linker molecule (B) containing both an acridine moiety (which binds to DNA) and a spermine moiety (which binds cucurbit[6]uril).
Bedding-Related Borehole Instability in High-Angle Wells (1998)

Abstract In the Oseberg field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, extended reach drilling (ERD)has been employed to increase oil recovery. Wells up to 9,327 m total depth (TD) have been drilled. Hole stability problems were experienced in the Upper Jurassic Draupne Formation (Kimmeridgian shale) in a number of very highly inclined wells; these problems had not been experienced at lower inclinations. A rock mechanical study was carried out to explain and overcome the stability problems. A series of thick-walled hollow cylinder (HC) tests were carried out on core material and analogous outcrop samples in order to identify the mechanisms of the hole problems, together with triaxial tests to obtain modelling parameters. Hole deformations were measured during external pressurization of the cylinders, and after testing the samples were sectioned and exiunined for damage. A very strong influence was found of the angle between the HC axis and the bedding plane of the shale. Specifically, if the HC axis lay more than approximately 100 away from the bedding plane, the hole was relatively stable; if the HC axis was parallel to bedding, the hole was highly, and catastrophically, unstable, forming very large regions of cavings. An anisotropic elastic model for the stresses around the hole did not predict such a sudden change in behaviour. It was finally concluded that the borehole instability related to strength anisotropy associated with the pronounced bedding of the organic-rich Draupne shale. Spallings from the high side and the low side of the hole occurred at a number of different mud densities when the inclination was sufficientiy high. The decision was made to modify the wellpath so that the "angle of attack" between the well trajectory and the bedding planes in the Draupne Formation always exceeded 200. The world record well C-26 (9,327 m; 7,853 m horizontal reach) was sidetracked due to stuck pipe after an unsuccessful high-angle Draupne penetration. The sidetrack was stable at practically the same mud density, but with a lower inclination. The reported type of hole instability is widely recognized in hard-rock applications of rock mechanics (mining, tunnelling), but is relatively new to petroleum-related rock mechanics. P. 413
Concurrent data access in mobile heterogeneous systems (2003)

A mobile computing environment involves accessing information through a wireless network connection. The mobile unit may be stationary, in motion, and/or intermittently connected to a fixed (wired) network. As technology advances are made in software and hardware, the feasibility of accessing information "anytime, anywhere" is becoming a reality. There are similarities involved in accessing information in a multidatabase environment and mobile computing environment. We propose to superimpose a wireless-mobile computing environment on multidatabase system to realize a system capable of effectively accessing a large amount of data over a wireless medium (MDAS-Mobile Data Access System). We show how one can easily map solutions from one environment to another. As a potentially large number of users may simultaneously access the available data, there are several issues involved in the ability to concurrently manage transactions. Current concurrency control schemes do not efficiently manage these accesses because they do not address the limited bandwidth and frequent disconnections associated with wireless networks. This paper proposes a new hierarchical concurrency control algorithm. The proposed concurrency control algorithm uses global locking tables created with semantic information contained within the hierarchy. The performance of the new algorithm is simulated and the results are presented.
HER-2 amplification and topoisomerase IIalpha gene aberrations as predictive markers in node-positive breast cancer patients randomly treated either with an anthracycline-based therapy or with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. (2002)

HER-2 could have a predictive value for the activity of anthracycline-based regimens in the adjuvant therapy of breast cancer patients. The predictive value of HER-2 would most likely be related to the concomitant amplification of the topo IIalpha gene.
Topical Skin Therapeutics (1985)

Dr Polano has decades of experience as a practicing dermatologist and basic science investigator, with a strong interest in the principles and practices of skin therapeutics. This slim, highly practical volume provides what has long been needed for the English reader—a succinct, accurate, and perceptive approach to a scientific method of prescribing topical medications. Dr Polano admirably succeeds in giving the student and resident the opportunity of quickly learning what to prescribe and why. The introduction, chapters, basic materials, and principles of formulation incisively give the fundamentals in a way that the pharmaceutical chemist, the pharmacist, and the physician can understand. The chapter "Noncorticosteroid Specific Drugs" admirably covers numerous agents, from acne and dandruff medications to tannic acid and tars. The chapter on corticosteroids combines both the basic science and practical recommendations. I know of no better, more efficient, and easy way to enter the field of topical skin therapeutics
Postsynthetic Functionalization of Mg-MOF-74 with Tetraethylenepentamine: Structural Characterization and Enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption (2017)

Postsynthetic functionalization of magnesium 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate (Mg-MOF-74) with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) resulted in improved CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption performance under dry and humid conditions. XPS, elemental analysis, and neutron powder diffraction studies indicated that TEPA was incorporated throughout the MOF particle, although it coordinated preferentially with the unsaturated metal sites located in the immediate proximity to the surface. Neutron and X-ray powder diffraction analyses showed that the MOF structure was preserved after amine incorporation, with slight changes in the lattice parameters. The adsorption capacity of the functionalized amino-Mg-MOF-74 (TEPA-MOF) for CO<sub>2</sub> was as high as 26.9 wt % versus 23.4 wt % for the original MOF due to the extra binding sites provided by the multiunit amines. The degree of functionalization with the amines was found to be important in enhancing CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption, as the optimal surface coverage improved performance and stability under both pure CO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O coadsorption, and with partially saturated surface coverage, optimal CO<sub>2</sub> capacity could be achieved under both wet and dry conditions by a synergistic binding of CO<sub>2</sub> to the amines as well as metal centers.
Mice Lacking a CDK Inhibitor, p57Kip2, Exhibit Skeletal Abnormalities and Growth Retardation (2000)

p57Kip2, one of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, has been suggested to be a tumor suppressor candidate. To elucidate its biological roles in mouse development and tumorigenesis, we created p57Kip2-deficient mice. The p57Kip2-deficient mice exhibited a cleft palate and defective bone formation resulting in severe dyspnea. Most of the p57Kip2-deficient mice died within 24 h after birth, while about 10% of them survived beyond the weaning period. All of the surviving mice showed severe growth retardation. The males showed immaturity of the testes, prostate and seminal vesicles, and the females showed vaginal atresia, immaturity of the uterus, and an increased number of atretic follicles. Although Yan et al. and Zhang et al. have already reported p57Kip2-deficient mice, they could not investigate the phenotypes of the surviving p57Kip2-deficient mice. Also, most of the symptoms of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome could not be reproduced in the mutant mice. Embryonic fibroblasts prepared from p57Kip2-deficient mice showed no differences in the proliferation rate and saturation density, suggesting that G1 arrest is largely independent of p57Kip2 function. Our results suggest that p57Kip2 plays a critical role in development, but do not support the hypothesis that the p57Kip2 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene or is responsible for Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
AlGaAs/GaAs self-aligned LD's fabricated by the process containing vapor phase etching and subsequent MOVPE regrowth (1987)

A new fabrication process has been successfully applied for the first time to the AlGaAs/GaAs laser diode. This new process includes vapor phase etching and subsequent MOVPE regrowth. Self-aligned LD's fabricated by this process have shown sufficiently good characteristics ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ith = 50-60</tex> mA, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\eta_{D} = 40-45</tex> percent), and good reliability (no degradation at least up to 1000 h:50°C, 5mW, automatic power control mode).
Power penalties due to Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering in a bidirectional coherent transmission system (1994)

In case of a large number of channels and a limited available optical bandwidth (limited laser tuning range) it may be necessary to chose a channel spacing near 0 or 11 GHz, where Rayleigh-and Brillouin backscattering introduce crosstalk in a bidirectional system. Although there is much literature on stimulated Brillouin scattering, that occurs at high powers, there is hardly any attention paid to what happens at relatively low input powers. Furthermore there are no system measurements which thoroughly investigate these effects. The authors performed extensive bidirectional system experiments to investigate the crosstalk from Brillouin scattering in more detail, including its polarization properties. They found, that, while for high powers most of the energy is backscattered to a 11 GHz lower frequency, for low powers there is no difference for the crosstalks at 11 GHz higher or 11 GHz lower than the signal frequency. The power budget is limited to 40 dB for both cases. The predicted 33.3% degree of polarization of low-power Brillouin scattering is experimentally confirmed for the first time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An AlN/Ultrathin AlGaN/GaN HEMT Structure for Enhancement-Mode Operation Using Selective Etching (2009)

A novel device structure incorporating an ultrathin AlGaN barrier layer capped by an AlN layer in the source-drain access regions has been implemented to reliably control threshold voltage in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors. A recessed-gate structure has been used to decrease 2-D electron gas (2DEG) density under the gate, thus controlling threshold voltage while maintaining low on-resistance and high current density. The structure presented in this letter implements an ultrathin AlGaN structure grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition capped with AlN to maintain a high 2DEG density in the access regions. A selective wet etch using heated photoresist developer is used to selectively etch the AlN layer in the gate region to the AlGaN barrier. We have demonstrated a repeatable threshold voltage of +0.21 V with 4-nm AlGaN barrier layer thickness.
What Neuroscience Can Tell about Intuitive Processes in the Context of Perceptual Discovery (2006)

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, intuition is "the ability to understand or know something immediately, without conscious reasoning." Most people would agree that intuitive responses appear as ideas or feelings that subsequently guide our thoughts and behaviors. It is proposed that people continuously, without conscious attention, recognize patterns in the stream of sensations that impinge upon them. What exactly is being recognized is not clear yet, but we assume that people detect potential content based on only a few aspects of the input (i.e., the gist). The result is a vague perception of coherence which is not explicitly describable but instead embodied in a "gut feeling" or an initial guess, which subsequently biases thought and inquiry. To approach the nature of intuitive processes, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging when participants were working at a modified version of the Waterloo Gestalt Closure Task. Starting from our conceptualization that intuition involves an informed judgment in the context of discovery, we expected activation within the median orbito-frontal cortex (OFC), as this area receives input from all sensory modalities and has been shown to be crucially involved in emotionally driven decisions. Results from a direct contrast between intuitive and nonintuitive judgments, as well as from a parametric analysis, revealed the median OFC, the lateral portion of the amygdala, anterior insula, and ventral occipito-temporal regions to be activated. Based on these findings, we suggest our definition of intuition to be promising and a good starting point for future research on intuitive processes.
Interface Engineering by PVD-Based In-Situ Fabrication Method for Advanced Metal/High-k Gate Stacks (2007)

We fabricated high-quality silicate gate dielectrics by utilizing a solid phase interface reaction (SPIR) between ultrathin metal layers and SiO2 underlayers. Metal diffusion to the SiO2 underlayer forms a high-quality silicate interlayer, and preserving the initial SiO2/Si bottom interface ensures good electrical properties. The Hf silicate dielectrics were fabricated by the SPIR method using Hf layers less than 0.5-nm-thick that were fully consumed by interface reactions, resulting in Hf silicate layers that remained amorphous after activation annealing. The superior electrical properties of the poly-Si/HfSixOy/SiO2/Si MOSFETs were demonstrated through low leakage current and high electron mobility. We also recently proposed a novel in-situ fabrication method that continuously fabricates high-k dielectrics using SPIR and metal electrodes with a low-damage sputtering system. We investigated structural and electrical properties of metal/high-k gate stacks and demonstrated the effectiveness of the in-situ method in improving electrical properties.