gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Second-Order Chromatographic/Spectroscopic Data for Optimum Chemical Analysis (1998)

Chemical analysis using second-order data collected on hyphenated instruments has proven advantages over first-order or zero-order techniques due to what is known as the second-order advantage. The primary second-order advantage is the ability to perform analysis in the presence of unknown interferences. This work demonstrates another key advantage of second-order chemical analysis, that is, the ability to standardize data sets of a second-order chromatographic analyzer under conditions which result in retention time variations along the chromatographic axis. An objective technique to standardize second-order chromatographic−spectral data is both theoretically and experimentally developed and tested. This method corrects for retention time shifts that occur between the analysis of the calibration sample and "unknown" samples. When this technique is combined with bilinear data analysis techniques like generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM), standardization and quantitation can be performed in the presence of unknown interferences with a single calibration sample. Most signal inconsistencies in second-order chromatographic data are confined to shifts of the time axis in the chromatographic profile. This retention time shift correction method is objective because it relies upon spectral signal shape and an understanding of the instrumentation. Retention time correction of this type would not be objective for first-order chromatographic analysis because retention time is the only qualitative information present. In one example of experimental evaluation, quantitation of a single analyte in a sample of five chemical components is performed using liquid chromatography with absorbance detection (LC/UV−vis). Both the chromatographic and spectral signals of these five chemical components are highly overlapped. In this example, a retention time shift between the calibration and "unknown" data sets of 0.2 s resulted in a 20% quantitation error prior to standardization. After alignment of the data sets using second-order chromatographic standardization, quantitative error was reduced to nearly 1%. Theoretical simulations which evaluate the performance of this technique as a second-order chromatographic retention time correction method were performed for a wide range of resolution and signal-to-noise values. In simulations where chromatographic resolution was 0.3 or below, quantitative precision improvements resulting from second-order chromatographic standardization ranged from 3-fold to 10-fold. The standardization method presented should be generally applicable to chromatography hyphenated with all forms of spectroscopic detection, such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
Interactive Models From Images of a Static Scene. (2009)

FXPAL’s Pantheia system enables users to create virtual models by ‘marking up ’ a physical space with pre-printed visual markers. The meanings associated with the markers come from a markup language that enables the system to create models from a relatively sparse set of markers. This paper describes extensions to our markup language and system that support the creation of interactive virtual objects. Users place markers to define components such as doors and drawers with which an end user of the model can interact. Other interactive elements, such as controls for color changes or lighting choices, are also supported. Pantheia produced a model of a room with hinged doors, a cabinet with drawers, doors, and color options, and a railroad track. Index Terms — Interactive virtual content, marker-based model creation, semantic markers
Introduction of Complete Sputtering Metallization in Conjunction with CO 2 Snow Lift-Off for High Volume GaAs Manufacturing (2002)

In spite of the substantial progress made in the last decade, the GaAs IC industry is still far from reaching the high manufacturing yields established by the Si fabs. High volume applications that target the large consumer electronics market bring a new challenge to the ordinary GaAs manufacturing line and the lure to be more “Si-like” is the motivation for many new process developments. However, adopting Si methods often requires a hard re-thinking of the traditional paradigms established in the early years of GaAs IC processing. By implementing an all-sputtered metallization process in conjunction with CO2 snow metal lift-off, we believe we overcame one such paradigm. We demonstrate that evaporation is not the only suitable method for lift -off patterning and show that sputtering could represent an attractive alternative. In this paper we will discuss some of the benefits and difficulties that come from using sputtering as the metal deposition method of choice in a high volume GaAs manufacturing line.
Insulation Failure Mechanisms of Power Generators [Feature Article] (2008)

This article discusses about the abnormal or faulty operating condition of premature power generator insulation failures that can be classified as: design failures, material failures, manufacturing failures and maintenance failures. The final failure of the mica insulation is usually caused by electric breakdown through a tree channel. Formation and propagation of trees in the insulation therefore reflect the aging process of the insulation.
<title>Single Mode Lasers For Optical Communications</title> (1982)

The intended fiber-optic applications for both short- and long-wavelength single-mode diode lasers are discussed. Major types of single-mode devices are grouped and described in two sections: low-power (3-7 mW/facet) lasers and high-power (10-40 mW/facet) lasers. The low-power laser section contains principles of mode stabilization, and a treatment in parallel of AlGaAs and InGaAsP buried-mesa, non-planar-substrate and laterally-lossy devices. The high-power laser section contains the various means of achieving high-power reliable single-mode operation and a description and comparison of major types of high-power AlGaAs devices. Emphasis is placed on the performance of the constricted double-heterojunction large-optical-cavity (CDH-LOC) laser. A brief discussion of single-mode stabilization and device dynamic behavior is also presented.
Unravelling the complexities of inorganic and supramolecular self-assembly in solution with electrospray and cryospray mass spectrometry (2009)

Electrospray (ESI) and cryospray mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) are proving to be exceptionally versatile tools when used in conjunction with high resolution time-of-flight (TOF) systems to investigate the self-assembly of supramolecular architectures, inorganic coordination and organometallic compounds, labile molecules and clusters both from a structural and mechanistic point of view. In this feature article, we review very recent progress where mass spectrometry is being applied to highly labile and complex coordination and polyoxometalate (POM) cluster systems and we present some highlights from our initial electrospray and cryospray studies, which probe the self-assembly of inorganic cluster architectures. We discuss the major contributions of ESI and CSI-MS to labile and self-assembling inorganic architectures with great emphasis on future potential and ramifications for inorganic chemistry and the area of self-assembly as a whole.
Heart and bone tumors in transgenic mice. (1988)

Tissue-specific tumorigenesis can be induced in transgenic mice by the directed expression of simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor (T) antigen. In an attempt to determine the susceptibility of haploid, round spermatids to neoplastic transformation by this oncogene, transgenic mice were generated that harbored a chimeric gene composed of the SV40 T-antigen genes fused to the 5' and 3' flanking sequences of the mouse protamine 1 gene. The transgene was expressed in round spermatids and, surprisingly, in the heart and temporal bone as well. Expression in the heart resulted in rhabdomyosarcomas that always appeared in the right atrium. Bilateral osteosarcomas developed within the petrous portion of the temporal bone. No testicular pathology was observed. T-antigen immunostaining was readily detected in tumor tissue but not in the testis. In addition, SV40 transcripts were processed differently in testis and tumor tissue. Transgenic mouse lines were established that routinely develop these tumors, and they should provide a valuable resource for studies involving cardiac and bone physiology and neoplasia. The atrial tumor cells can be maintained in vitro and some continue to display a cardiac muscle phenotype.
Studies on dihydropyridines. III. Synthesis of 4,7-dihydrothieno(2,3-b)pyridines with vasodilator and antihypertensive activities. (1988)

A series of 4-aryl-4, 7-dihydrothieno [2, 3-b] pyridine-5-carboxylate derivatives (I) was synthesized and tested for binding affinity to Ca2+ channels in rat cerebral cortex membranes, coronary vasodilator effect in isolated guinea pig hearts, and antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Several compounds had potent coronary vasodilator and antihypertensive activities.The structure-ctivity relationships of the series indicated that a lipophilic 3-alkyl substituent with moderate bulkiness was effective for enhancing the pharmacological potencies.Among them, methyl 4, 7-dihydro-3-isobuty1-6-methy1-4-(3-nitrophenyl) thieno [2, 3-b] pyridine-5-carboxylate (S-312) was selected as a promising cardiovascular agent.The relationship between the absolute configuration of S-312 and its biological activities is also presented.
Expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 and its activator p35 in models of induced apoptotic death in neurons of the substantia nigra <i>in vivo</i> (2001)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is predominantly expressed in postmitotic neurons and plays a role in neurite elongation during development. It has also been postulated to play a role in apoptosis in a variety of cells, including neurons, but little is known about the generality and functional significance of cdk5 expression in neuronal apoptosis in living brain. We have therefore examined its expression and that of its known activators, p35, p39 and p67, in models of induced apoptosis in neurons of the substantia nigra. We find that cdk5 is expressed in apoptotic profiles following intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine and axotomy. It is expressed exclusively in profiles which are in late morphologic stages of apoptosis. In these late stages, derivation of the profiles from neurons, and localization of expression to the nucleus, can be demonstrated by co-labeling with a neuron-specific nuclear marker, NeuN. In another model of induced apoptotic death in nigra, produced by developmental striatal lesion, kinase activity increases in parallel with cell death. While mRNAs for all three cdk5 activators are expressed in nigra during development, only p35 protein is expressed in apoptotic profiles. We conclude that cdk5/p35 expression is a general feature of apoptotic neuron death in substantia nigra neurons in vivo.
<title>Pigment-dispersed resists for color filters</title> (1998)

Water-soluble pigment-dispersed resist systems of red, blue, and green were developed using a high polymer as dispersing agent. The color filters formed from the color resists have high photosensitivity, high resolution, high transparency and chromaticity that meets the requirements of color display. The formation of microimage depends not only on the degree of photo-crosslink of polyvinyl alcohol/stylpyridinium, but also on the adhesion of color filter to the glass substrate. The reduction of photoreaction speed of the color resists is caused by the pigments' absorption of UV light. The adhesion between the color filter and glass surface depends on the amount of hydrogen bonds formed between them.
Design of an organic electronic label on a flexible substrate for temperature sensing (2013)

We demonstrate an organic smart label electronic system using p-type organic thin film transistors (OTFT) for temperature sensing applications. The electronic label consists of all organic temperature sensor, memory, logic and interface circuits and detects whether the critical temperature threshold value has been exceeded and records the data digitally in write-once-read-many (WORM) form that can be transmitted to a reader through wireless communication. A comparator is used to interface the sensor to the logic part. The logic circuit block processes and bundles the sensor information along with the necessary additional information that is required for a successful wireless transmission. We have demonstrated the operation of the reported organic smart label system using a silicon based modulator/rectifier circuit for RF communication. The organic logic circuit was built using standard cell design approach with approximately 180 p-type OTFTs. All the circuits were operated with a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> of -20 V.
Expression of a differentiation antigen and poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl O-glycans directed by a cloned core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. (1994)

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells do not contain detectable amounts of core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, C2GnT, and thus lack various modifications in their branched O-linked oligosaccharides. In the present study, the O-linked oligosaccharides and the occurrence of a differentiation antigen were analyzed in CHO cells stably transfected with cDNA encoding human leukosialin alone (CHO-leu) or with cDNAs encoding both leukosialin and C2GnT (CHO-leu.C2GnT). The analysis of O-glycans, released from [3H]glucosamine-labeled cells, revealed that CHO-leu cells synthesize O-glycans with a Gal beta 1-->3GalNAc backbone, whereas CHO-leu.C2GnT cells synthesize in addition O-glycans with a Gal beta 1-->3(Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc beta 1-->6)GalNAc backbone. Moreover, CHO-leu.C2GnT cells express poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl extensions from the GlcNAc beta 1-->6 branch in O-glycans, while CHO-leu cells express no detectable amount of poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl O-glycans. It was also demonstrated that leukosialin in CHO-leu.C2GnT cells is recognized by the T305 monoclonal antibody, while the same antibody did not react at all with CHO-leu cells. In addition, the transient expression cloning scheme using the T305 monoclonal antibody as a selectin marker and COS-1 cells, which endogenously express C2GnT as recipient cells, resulted in the isolation of cDNA encoding leukosialin. These results indicate that C2GnT determines the expression of poly-N-acetyllactosamines in O-glycans and together with leukosialin, an onco-differentiation antigen recognized by the T305 antibody.
Prognostic Value of Baseline Plasma Amino-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Its Interactions With Irbesartan Treatment Effects in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction (2011)

The unexpected benefit of irbesartan in lower-risk patients with HFpEF in this post hoc analysis may indicate effects on early, but not later, high-risk stages of the disease. These findings question the strategy of using elevated plasma concentrations of NP as a patient selection criterion in HFpEF trials. More studies are needed to support or contest this practice. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00095238.
Efficient oligonucleotide-mediated degradation of nuclear noncoding RNAs in mammalian cultured cells (2009)

Recent large-scale transcriptome analyses have revealed that large numbers of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcribed from mammalian genomes. They include small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and longer ncRNAs, many of which are localized to the nucleus, but which have remained functionally elusive. Since ncRNAs are only known to exist in mammalian species, established experimental systems, including the Xenopus oocyte system and yeast genetics, are not available for functional analysis. RNA interference (RNAi), commonly used for analysis of protein-coding genes, is effective in eliminating cytoplasmic mRNAs, but not nuclear RNAs. To circumvent this problem, we have refined the system for knockdown of nuclear ncRNAs with chemically modified chimeric antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) that were efficiently introduced into the nucleus by nucleofection. Under optimized conditions, our system appeared to degrade at least 20 different nuclear ncRNA species in multiple mammalian cell lines with high efficiency and specificity. We also confirmed that our method had greatly improved knockdown efficiency compared with that of the previously reported method in which ASOs are introduced with transfection reagents. Furthermore, we have confirmed the expected phenotypic alterations following knockdown of HBII295 snoRNA and U7 snRNA, which resulted in a loss of site-specific methylation of the artificial RNA and the appearance of abnormal polyadenylated histone mRNA species with a concomitant delay of the cell cycle S phase, respectively. In summary, we believe that our system is a powerful tool to explore the biological functions of the large number of nuclear ncRNAs with unknown function.
Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of a Laccase from <i>Marasmius quercophilus</i> (2000)

The basidiomycete Marasmius quercophilus is commonly found during autumn on the decaying litter of the evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.), a plant characteristic of Mediterranean forest. This white-rot fungus colonizes the leaf surface with rhizomorphs, causing a total bleaching of the leaf. In synthetic liquid media, this white-rot fungus has strong laccase activity. From a three-step chromatographic procedure, we purified a major isoform to homogeneity. The gene encodes a monomeric glycoprotein of approximately 63 kDa, with a 3.6 isoelectric point, that contains 12% carbohydrate. Spectroscopic analysis of the purified enzyme (UV/visible and electron paramagnetic resonance, atomic absorption) confirmed that it belongs to the "blue copper oxidase" family. With syringaldazine as the substrate, the enzyme's pH optimum was 4.5, the optimal temperature was 75 degrees C, and the K(m) was 7.1 microM. The structural gene, lac1, was cloned and sequenced. This gene encodes a 517-amino-acid protein 99% identical to a laccase produced by PM1, an unidentified basidiomycete previously isolated from wastewater from a paper factory in Spain. This similarity may be explained by the ecological distribution of the evergreen oak in Mediterranean forest.
Consideration on the Formulation of Benzoyl Peroxide at Ambient Temperature: Choice of Non-Polar Solvent and Preparation of Submicron Emulsion Gels (2002)

The aim of this study performed at ambient temperature was first to determine the solubility of benzoyl peroxide in various solvents with a large range of polarity. All these solvents can be used in the dermatological field. Then, using the most suitable solvent, a new drug vehicle submicron oil-in-water emulsion was formulated. Correlation between dielectric constant (epsilon) and drug solubility in various solvents and different binary mixtures was verified. An original ternary diagram with surfactant-co-surfactant/oil/water was performed at low temperature to determine the regions of submicron emulsions. A dramatic change in the magnitude of benzoyl peroxide solubility occurred above a dielectric constant value of about 20. The solubility of this drug can be enhanced by the replacement of polar solvent by a vehicle of lower dielectric constant. A stable submicron emulsion gel was made with cremophor EL, glycerol, caprilic-capric triglycerides, and water in the proportion of 20-20/35/25, respectively; 1.5% benzoyl peroxide was also added. This submicron emulsion vehicle consisted of oil droplets, with a mean diameter of approximately 100-150 nm, dispersed in a continuous water phase. These studies confirm the potential of benzoyl peroxide incorporation into submicron emulsion gel and the stability of this formulation.
Crystal structure and epitaxial relationship of Ni4InGaAs2 films formed on InGaAs by annealing (2012)

The structural, compositional, and electrical properties of epitaxial Ni4InGaAs2 (denoted as Ni-InGaAs) film formed by annealing sputtered Ni film on InGaAs were investigated. It was found that Ni-InGaAs adopts a NiAs (B8) structure with lattice parameters of a = 0.396 ± 0.002 nm and c = 0.516 ± 0.002 nm, and exhibits an epitaxial relationship with InGaAs, with orientations given by Ni-InGaAs[1¯10]//InGaAs[001] and Ni-InGaAs[110]//InGaAs[110]. The epitaxial Ni4InGaAs2 film has bulk electrical resistivity of ∼102 μΩ·cm, which increases as the film thickness scales below 10 nm. The results of this work would be useful for the development of contact metallization for high mobility InGaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.
Modular verification of software components in C (2004)

We present a new methodology for automatic verification of C programs against finite state machine specifications. Our approach is compositional, naturally enabling us to decompose the verification of large software systems into subproblems of manageable complexity. The decomposition reflects the modularity in the software design. We use weak simulation as the notion of conformance between the program and its specification. Following the counterexample guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) paradigm, our tool MAGIC first extracts a finite model from C source code using predicate abstraction and theorem proving. Subsequently, weak simulation is checked via a reduction to Boolean satisfiability. MAGIC has been interfaced with several publicly available theorem provers and SAT solvers. We report experimental results with procedures from the Linux kernel, the OpenSSL toolkit, and several industrial strength benchmarks.
An RFID Directional Antenna for Location Positioning (2012)

This thesis presents a new antenna design for passive RFID tags operating at super high frequency band. The proposed antenna includes a cross-array of five elements supporting beam-scanning range over two perpendicular planes. The beam-scanning capability allows the tag to communicate over longer distances without demanding extra power. A matching network between antenna elements and front-end circuitry has also been designed to eliminate phase shift. 3D full-wave electromagnetic simulation results using HFSS CAD tool indicate that the proposed antenna supports 10 dB gain and beam-scanning of more than 180o over two planes which can be exploited to provide location positioning services.
Constitutive expression of interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 in lymphoid organs and inducible expression in T cells and thymocytes. (1994)

Interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), a member of a family of small proinflammatory chemotactic polypeptides, is expressed in interferon gamma-stimulated keratinocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Here we report that IP-10 is also expressed by activated but not resting T hybridoma cells, normal T cells, and thymocytes. Although resting lymphocytes did not synthesize IP-10, surprisingly high levels of IP-10 transcripts were found in lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes). Thymic and splenic stromal cells were found to express constitutively high levels of both IP-10 mRNA and protein, accounting for the high level of spontaneous expression in lymphoid tissue. Therefore, in addition to its role as a proinflammatory cytokine, IP-10 may participate in T cell effector function and perhaps T cell development.