gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed, Highly Enantioselective Addition of Enamides to In Situ<i>‐</i>Generated <i>ortho</i>‐Quinone Methides: A Domino Approach to Complex Acetamidotetrahydroxanthenes (2014)

The highly enantioselective conjugate addition of enamides and enecarbamates to in situ-generated ortho-quinone methides, upon subsequent N,O-acetalization, gives rise to acetamido-substituted tetrahydroxanthenes with generally excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. A chiral BINOL-based phosphoric acid catalyst controls the enantioselectivity of the carbon-carbon bond-forming event. The products are readily converted into other xanthene-based heterocycles.
Simple high-coherence rapidly tunable external-cavity diode laser (1998)

We describe a simple electro-optically activated external-cavity diode laser designed to provide high-speed, high-coherence tuning over gigahertz frequency ranges. Tuning as fast as 23 GHz/ micros is demonstrated. Coherence measurements indicate transform-limited quiescent laser linewidth in observation windows as wide as ~100 micros and transform-limited chirps. A self-heterodyne, cross-correlation-based coherence diagnostic is developed for characterizing phase coherence during high-speed chirps.
Oxidant and antioxidant modulation of chloride channels expressed in human retinal pigment epithelium (2002)

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) possesses regulated chloride channels that are crucial for transepithelial fluid and ion transport. At present, little is known about the molecular nature of chloride channels in human adult RPE (haRPE) or the effects of oxidative stress on membrane conductance properties. In the present study, we assessed ClC channel and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression and membrane chloride conductance properties in haRPE cells. ClC-5, ClC-3, ClC-2, and CFTR mRNA expression was confirmed with RT-PCR analysis, and protein expression was detected with Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Whole cell recordings of primary cultures of haRPE showed an outwardly rectifying chloride current that was inhibited by the oxidant H(2)O(2). The inhibitory effects of H(2)O(2) were reduced in cultured human RPE cells that were incubated with precursors of glutathione synthesis or that were stably transfected to overexpress glutathione S-transferase. These findings indicate a possible role for ClC channels in haRPE cells and suggest possible redox modulation of human RPE chloride conductances.
A Fuzzy Logic based system for Mixed Reality assistance of remote workforce (2016)

The recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of augmented and virtual reality systems, changing the way we interact with our environments. Such systems are commonly associated with advertising, entertainment, medicine, training and education. However, with the increasing acceptance and availability of mobile and wearable devices (e.g. head-mounted displays (HMD)), the use of these technologies is moving towards professional and industrial environments, where they would be able to support employees in their daily tasks, increasing customer satisfaction and reducing business costs. This paper presents an innovative Mixed Reality (MR) system to assist field workforce in remote locations. As part of the overall implementation, the MR system uses fuzzy logic mechanisms to improve accuracy in user tracking and object monitoring, allowing the correct representation of users and objects in the Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), and improving the experience for users.
FACTORIE: Probabilistic Programming via Imperatively Defined Factor Graphs (2009)

Discriminatively trained undirected graphical models have had wide empirical success, and there has been increasing interest in toolkits that ease their application to complex relational data. The power in relational models is in their repeated structure and tied parameters; at issue is how to define these structures in a powerful and flexible way. Rather than using a declarative language, such as SQL or first-order logic, we advocate using an imperative language to express various aspects of model structure, inference, and learning. By combining the traditional, declarative, statistical semantics of factor graphs with imperative definitions of their construction and operation, we allow the user to mix declarative and procedural domain knowledge, and also gain significant efficiencies. We have implemented such imperatively defined factor graphs in a system we call FACTORIE, a software library for an object-oriented, strongly-typed, functional language. In experimental comparisons to Markov Logic Networks on joint segmentation and coreference, we find our approach to be 3-15 times faster while reducing error by 20-25%—achieving a new state of the art. 1
SMURF: Supporting Multi-tenancy Using Re-aspects Framework (2012)

Software-as-a-service multi-tenancy helps service providers to cut cost, improve resource utilization, and reduce service customization and maintenance time as the tenants share the same service instance. However, existing large-scale business applications inherently do not support multi-tenancy. This hinders these applications' vendors from adopting the cloud model. Thus reengineering such applications to support multi-tenancy has become a key requirement. Reengineering such applications to support multi-tenancy is a complex and challenging task as it requires a deep understanding of the given application and almost all system modules need to be revisited. In this paper we introduce SMURF, Supporting Multi-tenancy Using Reengineering Aspects 'Re-Aspect' Framework, to help service providers reengineering their legacy applications to support multi-tenancy. SMURF is based on our new re-aspects concept where a given system modification to disable, modify, replace or inject code is encapsulated in a re-aspect. SMURF realizes given system modifications (captured as re-aspects) by automating both change impact analysis and change propagation processes. We analyze the SaaS multi-tenancy pattern, discuss the set of requirements to migrate a single-tenant application to support multi-tenancy, describe SMURF approach, architecture and implementation details, and experimental results of SMURF given a set of open source web applications.
Fuego: Experiences with Mobile Data Communication and Synchronization (2006)

In this paper, we present a summary of our experiences with mobile middleware research in the four-year Fuego Core project. The presented work focuses on data communication and synchronization. We present three middleware services for data communication and synchronization, namely the messaging, event, and file synchronizer services, and discuss their development and usage. We conclude with an integrated architecture of these services and the lessons we have learned
Repression of the Id2 (inhibitor of differentiation) gene promoter during exit from the cell cycle (1995)

The Id2 gene is one of several "Id-like" genes which encode helix-loop-helix proteins which dimerize with basic helix-loop-helix proteins and inhibit binding to the DNA enhancer element known as an E box. By repressing the DNA binding activity of basic helix-loop-helix proteins, Id proteins inhibit transcription of tissue-specific genes in myoblasts, hematopoietic precursor cells, and other types of undifferentiated cells. Serum starvation results in the disappearance of Id gene transcripts in most types of cultured cells, and often induces differentiation of these cells. In order to gain some insight into this process, we have analyzed Id2 promoter function in the glioma cell line U87Y. We have isolated 300 base pairs of Id2 promoter sequence which is sufficient to repress the activity of a reporter gene in serum-starved U87Y cells, but induces the activity of the reporter gene when the cells are stimulated with fresh serum. Two regions within this 300 base pair sequence contain repressor elements; deletion of either region results in increased promoter activity. Both repressor regions serve as binding sites for a protein present in extracts from serum-starved U87Y cells but not in serum-stimulated cells.
Adherence of Cervical, Vaginal and Distal Urethral Normal Microbial Flora to Human Uroepithelial Cells and the Inhibition of Adherence of Gram-Negative Uropathogens by Competitive Exclusion (1984)

The adherence of the normal flora to human uroepithelial cells was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and an in vitro adhesion assay. The normal flora were isolated from human cervical, vaginal and distal urethral surfaces. Human uroepithelial cells were obtained from healthy females (controls) and from female patients with recurrent urinary tract infection. The results indicate that: 1) there was no significant difference between the mean adherence of the normal flora to the uroepithelial cells from controls or patients, but there were quantitative differences between different bacterial species of the normal flora attaching to uroepithelial cells; 2) bacterial species isolated from the distal urethral and vaginal surfaces attached in larger numbers to uroepithelial cells from controls than from patients at day 10 of the menstrual cycle (peak value of adherence); 3) the adherence patterns of the cervical and vaginal microbial flora were bicyclic and appeared to be related to the human menstrual cycle; 4) complete or partial inhibition of adherence of several Gram-negative uropathogens was achieved by preincubating the uroepithelial cells with several bacterial species of the normal flora. Results from this study suggest that the normal flora of the urinary tract may play an important protective role against attachment of uropathogens to the surfaces of uroepithelial cells, and that the blocking capacity of these organisms may vary over the menstrual cycle.
An Open-Circuit Helium Method for Measuring Functional Residual Capacity and Defective Intrapulmonary Gas Mixing1 (1954)

In pulmonary disease the inspired air is often distributed unequally throughout the lung. The volume of the poorly aerated regions of the lung and their rate of ventilation are of importance to the clinician but quantitation of these values has been difficult. The situation was much clarified in 1950 by Robertson, Siri, and Jones (1) who demonstrated that an unequally ventilated lung behaves as though it consisted of a number of subdivisions of smaller size, each of which is homogeneously ventilated at its own particular rate. Preliminary work which led to the same concept was also reported at this time by Fowler, Cornish, and Kety (2). By continuously following the course of nitrogen elimination from the lungs of a subject breathing oxygen, it was possible to characterize these lung subdivisions in terms of size and ventilation rate. This information describes an unequally ventilated lung in a way which permits useful,
Genes and pathways underlying regional and cell type changes in Alzheimer's disease (2013)

These results paint a picture of AD as a multifaceted disease involving slight transcriptional changes in many genes between regions, coupled with a systemic immune response, gliosis, and neurodegeneration. Despite this complexity, we find that a consistent picture of gene expression in AD is emerging.
Time-dependent Gene Expression Analysis of the Developing Superior Olivary Complex (2013)

The superior olivary complex (SOC) is an essential auditory brainstem relay involved in sound localization. To identify the genetic program underlying its maturation, we profiled the rat SOC transcriptome at postnatal days 0, 4, 16, and 25 (P0, P4, P16, and P25, respectively), using genome-wide microarrays (41,012 oligonucleotides (oligos)). Differences in gene expression between two consecutive stages were highest between P4 and P16 (3.6%) and dropped to 0.06% between P16 and P25. To identify SOC-related genetic programs, we also profiled the entire brain at P4 and P25. The number of differentially expressed oligonucleotides between SOC and brain almost doubled from P4 to P25 (4.4% versus 7.6%). These data demonstrate considerable molecular specification around hearing onset, which is rapidly finalized. Prior to hearing onset, several transcription factors associated with the peripheral auditory system were up-regulated, probably coordinating the development of the auditory system. Additionally, crystallin-γ subunits and serotonin-related genes were highly expressed. The molecular repertoire of mature neurons was sculpted by SOC-related up- and down-regulation of voltage-gated channels and G-proteins. Comparison with the brain revealed a significant enrichment of hearing impairment-related oligos in the SOC (26 in the SOC, only 11 in the brain). Furthermore, 29 of 453 SOC-related oligos mapped within 19 genetic intervals associated with hearing impairment. Together, we identified sequential genetic programs in the SOC, thereby pinpointing candidates that may guide its development and ensure proper function. The enrichment of hearing impairment-related genes in the SOC may have implications for restoring hearing because central auditory structures might be more severely affected than previously appreciated.
Plasma desorption mass spectrometric study of UV-induced lesions within DNA model compounds (1989)

Positive and negative plasma desorption (PD) mass spectra of the di-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate d(TpT) and of its biologically relevant ultraviolet-induced intramolecular photodimers are examined and discussed. The photodimers which were analysed by PD mass spectrometry include the cis-syn and trans-syn cyclobutyl isomers d(T[p]T), the pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoadduct (6-4)d(TpT) and its Dewar valence isomer. Molecular ions, quasi-molecular ions and several fragment ions are observed in all cases. It is shown that, despite the absence of mass differences between these dinucleoside monophosphates, the fragmentation pattern differs significantly between the two main classes: cyclobutane dimers and (6-4) adducts. PD mass spectrometry can therefore be envisaged for characterizing their formation within short DNA fragments.
Metabolic Engineering of the Regulators in Nitrogen Catabolite Repression To Reduce the Production of Ethyl Carbamate in a Model Rice Wine System (2013)

Rice wine has been one of the most popular traditional alcoholic drinks in China. However, the presence of potentially carcinogenic ethyl carbamate (EC) in rice wine has raised a series of food safety issues. During rice wine production, the key reason for EC formation is urea accumulation, which occurs because of nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. NCR represses urea utilization by retaining Gln3p in the cytoplasm when preferred nitrogen sources are present. In order to increase the nuclear localization of Gln3p, some possible phosphorylation sites on the nuclear localization signal were mutated and the nuclear localization regulation signal was truncated, and the disruption of URE2 provided an additional method of reducing urea accumulation. By combining these strategies, the genes involved in urea utilization (DUR1,2 and DUR3) could be significantly activated in the presence of glutamine. During shake flask fermentations of the genetically modified strains, very little urea accumulated in the medium. Furthermore, the concentrations of urea and EC were reduced by 63% and 72%, respectively, in a model rice wine system. Examination of the normal nutrients in rice wine indicated that there were few differences in fermentation characteristics between the wild-type strain and the genetically modified strain. These results show that metabolic engineering of the NCR regulators has great potential as a method for eliminating EC during rice wine production.
An Overview on Production and Applications of Ferrate(VI) (2016)

Context: Coagulation, chemical oxidation and disinfection are essential processes in water and waste treatment. A chemical that can be applied for all the above mentioned purposes is ferrate(VI). Although there are many studies about ferrate(VI), no comprehensive review paper can be found about ferrate(VI) from production to applications. The aim of this study was to review ferrate(VI) production, measurement, stability and utilization in water and wastewater treatment. Evidence Acquisition: In acidic conditions, the oxidation and reduction capacity of ferrate(VI) is superior to all currently utilized oxidizers and disinfectants in water and wastewater treatment. New researches have provided the technology of using ferrate(VI) for coagulation, chemical oxidation and disinfection of water and wastewater in a reactor simultaneously, which can reduce the size of water and wastewater treatment plants and increase the treatment efficiency. Results: Despite the existence of these technologies, there is no full-scale application of ferrate(VI) in the water and wastewater industry which it is due to difficulties associated with I, the lack of adequate researches that have demonstrated its capabilities and advantages over the existing water and wastewater treatment methods; ii, the instability of ferrate(VI) depending on its method of preparation, and iii, the relatively low yield of ferrate(VI). Conclusions: To solve the above mentioned difficulties, fundamental study most be carried out to discover the novel methods of ferrate(VI) production, focusing on increasing the product stability and the production yield.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling and Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder (2012)

These parallel human/mouse analyses provide direct (low TRKB) and indirect (low expression of BDNF-dependent genes) evidence in support of decreased BDNF signaling in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in individuals with major depressive disorder, implicate dendritic targeting GABA neurons and GABA synthesis, and, together, suggest a common BDNF-/GABA-related pathology in major depression with sex- and brain region-specific features.
Towards making graphical user interface palettes tangible (2010)

In this work, we present techniques that aim at physically detaching the graphical user interface (GUI) from digital content that is displayed on a tabletop. For this purpose, we extended a pen-enabled tabletop with several spatially aware (6DOF) paper-like mobile displays. In contrast to previous work, we provide a fully dynamic solution. This means the GUI is not printed onto paper displays, but instead is dynamically projected by a ceiling-mounted projector. Based on this technical foundation, we developed a prototypic graphics editor that we use as a basis for several novel interaction techniques that particularly utilize the height above the tabletop for accomplishing common tasks typical for the domain.
Who do they think they are fooling? (1994)

I was intrigued by Clare Hopkinson's article 'Warm-up exercises: can learning be fun' (Clinical, June 8). What is happening to nurse training? Are we to be subjected to every trendy notion that emanates from the psychobabble culture of America's West Coast?
Bench-to-bedside review: Thrombocytopenia-associated multiple organ failure - a newly appreciated syndrome in the critically ill (2006)

New onset thrombocytopenia and multiple organ failure (TAMOF) presages poor outcome in critical illness. Patients who resolve thrombocytopenia by day 14 are more likely to survive than those who do not. Patients with TAMOF have a spectrum of microangiopathic disorders that includes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and secondary thrombotic microanigiopathy (TMA). Activated protein C is effective in resolving fibrin-mediated thrombosis (DIC); however, daily plasma exchange is the therapy of choice for removing ADAMTS 13 inhibitors and replenishing ADAMTS 13 activity which in turn resolves platelet: von Willebrand Factor mediated thrombosis (TTP/secondary TMA).
The cerebral correlates of set-shifting: an fMRI study of the trail making test (2002)

The trail making test (TMT) pertains to a family of tests that tap the ability to alternate between cognitive categories. However, the value of the TMT as a localizing instrument remains elusive. Here we report the results of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of a verbal adaptation of the TMT (vTMT). The vTMT takes advantage of the set-shifting properties of the TMT and, at the same time, minimizes the visuospatial and visuomotor components of the written TMT. Whole brain BOLD fMRI was performed during the alternating execution of vTMTA and vTMTB in seven normal adults with more than 12 years of formal education. Brain activation related to the set-shifting component of vTMTB was investigated by comparing performance on vTMTB with vTMTA, a simple counting task. There was a marked asymmetry of activation in favor of the left hemisphere, most notably in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 6 lateral, 44 and 46) and supplementary motor area/cingulate sulcus (BA 6 medial and 32). The intraparietal sulcus (BA 7 and 39) was bilaterally activated. These findings are in line with clinico-anatomic and functional neuroimaging data that point to a critical role of the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortices as well as the intraparietal sulci in the regulation of cognitive flexibility, intention, and the covert execution of saccades/anti-saccades. Many commonly used neuropsychological paradigms, such as the Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting, and go - no go tasks, share some patterns of cerebral activation with the TMT.
Jointly registering images in domain and range by piecewise linear comparametric analysis (2003)

This paper describes an approach whereby comparametric analysis is used in jointly registering image pairs in their domain and range, i.e., in their spatial coordinates and pixel values, respectively. This is accomplished by approximating a camera's nonlinear comparametric function with a constrained piecewise linear one. The optimal fitting of this approximation to comparagram data is then used in a re-parameterized version of the camera's comparametric function to estimate the exposure difference between images. Doing this allows the inherently nonlinear problem of joint domain and range registration to be performed using a computationally attractive least squares formalism. The paper first presents the range registration process and then describes the strategy for performing the joint registration. The models used allow for the pair-wise registration of images taken from a camera that can automatically adjust its exposure as well as tilt, pan, rotate and zoom about its optical center. Results concerning the joint registration as well as range-only registration are provided to demonstrate the method's effectiveness.
Observations of nearshore circulation: Alongshore uniformity (2003)

Nearshore circulation, observed for 4 months on a 200‐m‐long stretch of natural beach during the SandyDuck field experiment, is shown to be alongshore uniform. An alongshore momentum balance between (wind and wave) forcing and bottom stress, cross‐shore integrated between the shoreline and approximately 4 m water depth, holds on each of five instrumented cross‐shore transects (skill ≥ 0.87). The corresponding five best fit drag coefficients are similar, consistent with the assumption that terms in the momentum balance associated with alongshore nonuniformity are negligible. In addition, the alongshore nonuniformity of the circulation and bathymetry were examined at five cross‐shore locations. Except near the shoreline, the circulation and bathymetry were rarely strongly alongshore nonuniform, and the circulation nonuniformities were usually no larger than expected from current‐meter noise alone. Near the shoreline, the bathymetry was more irregular and the circulation was often detectably nonuniform, although no relationship between bathymetric and circulation nonuniformities was found. The closure of the alongshore momentum balances on cross‐shore transects, and the observed alongshore uniformity of the circulation on four of five alongshore transects, demonstrates that the simplified dynamics of alongshore uniform circulation are valid during the experiment.