gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Display of Passenger Proteins on the Surface of<i>Escherichia coli</i>K-12 by the Enterohemorrhagic<i>E. coli</i>Intimin EaeA (2001)

Intimins are members of a family of bacterial adhesins from pathogenic Escherichia coli which specifically interact with diverse eukaryotic cell surface receptors. The EaeA intimin from enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 contains an N-terminal transporter domain, which resides in the bacterial outer membrane and promotes the translocation of four C-terminally attached passenger domains across the bacterial cell envelope. We investigated whether truncated EaeA intimin lacking two carboxy-terminal domains could be used as a translocator for heterologous passenger proteins. We found that a variant of the trypsin inhibitor Ecballium elaterium trypsin inhibitor II (EETI-II), interleukin 4, and the Bence-Jones protein REI(v) were displayed on the surface of E. coli K-12 via fusion to truncated intimin. Fusion protein net accumulation in the outer membrane could be regulated over a broad range by varying the cellular amount of suppressor tRNA that is necessary for translational readthrough at an amber codon residing within the truncated eaeA gene. Intimin-mediated adhesion of the bacterial cells to eukaryotic target cells could be mimicked by surface display of a short fibrinogen receptor binding peptide containing an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid sequence motif, which promoted binding of E. coli K-12 to human platelets. Cells displaying a particular epitope sequence fused to truncated intimin could be enriched 200,000-fold by immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting in three sorting rounds. These results demonstrate that truncated intimin can be used as an anchor protein that mediates the translocation of various passenger proteins through the cytoplasmic and outer membranes of E. coli and their exposure on the cell surface. Intimin display may prove a useful tool for future protein translocation studies with interesting biological and biotechnological ramifications.
Grain aging and sensory changes influenced by milling and packaging in rice storage (1991)

Storage in the form of brown or milled rice saves space and cut cost rather than storage of rough rice, the common way of grain storage in Korea. But, brown or milled rice may be more susceptable to grain aging and sensory change than rough rice. Rice stored in government warehouse for 20 months after harvest was hulled into brown or milled rice and packaged with kraft paper bag (paper package), polyprophylen (PP package), and polyethylene (PE package). Then, after those rice packages were stored under room condition for one year, we investigated germinability, fat acidity, and sensory change to determine milling and packaging effects. Germinability of rough and brown rice was decreased significantly after long-term storge. In germination rate, Chucheong cultivar was lower than Milyang #23, brown rice was lower than rough rice, but there was no differences within packaging materials. TTC test which had a significant correlation with germinability can be used as a handy procedure for predicting grain germination. Fat acidity was increased as the order of rough < milled < brown rice in terms of milling, and PP < paper < PE package in terms of packaging materials. Especially, storage of brown rice increased fat acidity above 30 mg KOH, indicating one of characteristics of grain aging. To prevent from high fat acidity it was necessary to store in forms of rough grain with paper or PP packaging and milled rice with paper, or PP, or PE packaging. In sensory test of stored grain, eating quality in brown rice was the worst because of acidification of fatty acid. Also, eating quality of stored grain became worse as fat acidity increased.
Pervaporative butanol fermentation by <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> B18 (1994)

Extractive acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation was carried out successfully using pervaporation and a low-acid-producing Clostridium acetobutylicum B18. A pervaporation module with 0.17 m(2) of surface area was made of silicone membrane of 240 mum thickness. Pervaporation experiments using make-up solutions showed that butanol and acetone fluxes increased linearly with their concentrations in the aqueous phase. Fickian diffusion coefficients were constants for fixed air flow rates, and increased at higher sweep air flow rates. During batch and fed-batch fermentations, pervaporation at an air flow rate of 8 L/min removed butanol and acetone efficiently. Butanol concentration was maintained below 4.5 g/L even though Clostridium acetobutylicum B18 produced butanol steadily. Pervaporation could not remove organic acids efficiently, but organic acids did not accumulate because strain B18 produced little organic acid and recycled added organic acids efficiently. With pervaporation, glucose consumption rate increased compared to without pervaporation, and up to 160 g/L of glucose was consumed during 80 h. Cell growth was not inhibited by possible salt accumulation or oxygen diffusion through the silicone tubing. The culture volume was maintained relatively constant during fed-batch operation because of an offsetting effect of water and product removal by pervaporation and addition of nutrient supplements. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of O2 gas flow ratio and flow rate on the formation of RuO2 thin films by reactive sputtering (2000)

RuO 2 thin films were grown by sputtering a Ru target in Ar and O2 mixed gas, and the effects of O2 gas flow ratio and flow rate on the formation of RuO2 films were studied. Based on changes in the deposition rate and plasma emission spectra observed when the O2 flow ratio was varied, the formation process of RuO2 films is categorized into two classes: (1) oxidation of Ru atoms at the substrate surface (metallic target mode) in a lower O2 flow ratio region and (2) sputtering of the oxidized target (oxide target mode) in a higher O2 flow ratio region. In addition, the supplied O2 flow rate, rather than the O2 flow ratio, is found to be the dominant factor in the formation of RuO2 thin films. At an O2 gas supply at which twice as many oxygen molecules as sputtered Ru atoms are introduced into the sputtering chamber, RuO2 thin films begin to be deposited in the metal target mode.
Vaginal hysterectomy in obese women. (1977)

Reconciling and interpreting subjective-objective discrepancies regarding cognitive functions following TBI are important tasks for case conceptualization and treatment planning. Depression is an important patient characteristic to consider when discrepancy patterns indicate underestimation of cognitive abilities. This study highlights the importance of assessing mood, a modifiable patient characteristic, with self-report symptom inventories. Future studies are needed to connect these findings with TBI outcomes.
Protease Inhibition in the Intestinal Lumen: Attenuation of Systemic Inflammation and Early Indicators of Multiple Organ Failure in Shock (2002)

Our recent evidence suggests that pancreatic digestive enzymes in the lumen of the intestine may play a major role in the production of cardiovascular stimulatory factors during splachnic artery occlusion and reperfusion. These stimulators are detected in plasma, but their origin and mechanism of production has remained uncertain. We examine here in the rat the role of pancreatic enzymes with and without administration of a serine protease inhibitor (FOY) into the lumen of the small intestine during splanchnic artery occlusion (90 min) and reperfusion (120 min). In the presence of pancreatic enzyme inhibition in the lumen of the intestine, there is significantly enhanced survival rate, lower levels of inflammatory mediator production, the femoral artery blood pressure is maintained close to control levels, and there are significantly lower levels of cell activators in plasma. These results support the hypothesis that pancreatic enzymes may escape across the brush border barrier during intestinal ischemia and thereby initiate the production of a powerful set of cytotoxic mediators. Blockade of pancreatic enzymes in the lumen of the intestine may be a tool to interfere with inflammation and early indicators of multiorgan failure.
Diffractive optical elements using the subwavelength scale pillar array structure (2004)

We propose the diffractive optical element using the sub-wavelength scale pillar array structure. The equivalent microscopic refractive index can be controlled by changing pillar width and the pillar lattice constant. Advantages of using the sub-wavelength scale structure to manipulate the equivalent index in such a manner are that the optical functional elements can be fabricated by a single-etch-step process, and that the anisotropic optical characteristics can be realized using isotropic materials. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated the Fresnel lens with sub-wavelength structure on the Si substrate. The equivalent refractive index, <i>n<sub>eff</sub></i>, as a function of the pillar width and the lattice constant was calculated by the EMT (Effective Medium Theory). The width of pillar at the n-th lattice point, <i><b>a</b><sub>n</sub></i>, was determined by <i>n<sub>eff</sub></i> and required the local optical length of the target diffractive optical element. The design wavelength, λ, was set at 1.6 μm, the lattice constant, Λ, was 0.45 μm, the pillar height, <i>h</i>, was 1.21 μm, and the refractive index of Si, <i>n<sub>si</sub></i>, was 3.48, respectively. These parameter values satisfied the sub-wavelength condition of λ > <i>n<sub>si</sub></i> × Λ. The Fresnel lens with a focal length of 20 mm and the effective diameter of 1.8 mm was designed and fabricated.
Comparison of a direct fecal Shiga-like toxin assay and sorbitol-MacConkey agar culture for laboratory diagnosis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection (1992)

A direct fecal Shiga-like toxin assay (DSLTA) was used to prospectively screen 9,449 unselected stool samples, received at the British Columbia Provincial Health Laboratories and the Metropolitan Laboratories of Vancouver, for Shiga-like toxin I and Shiga-like toxin II. The results were compared with results of routine stool culture on sorbitol-MacConkey agar (SMAC) for Escherichia coli O157:H7. Of 80 specimens positive by either method, 59 (74%) and 74 (93%) were positive by SMAC and DSLTA, respectively; 53 (66%) were positive by both methods, 21 (26%) were positive by DSLTA only, and 6 (7%) were positive by SMAC only. On further screening, Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli were detected in 8 (38%) of the 21 stools positive by DSLTA only, including serotypes O157:H7 (1 stool), O26:K60 (5 stools), O128:K67 (1 stool), and O103:H2 (1 stool). For the remaining 13 stools in which no SLTEC was found but DSLTA was positive, clinical information revealed that 11 of 12 patients had diarrheal illnesses, and 4 of these 11 had bloody diarrhea or hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Stools positive only by SMAC were collected earlier in the illness than stools positive by DSLTA, suggesting that free fecal toxin levels may be too low to detect at this time. Overall we found that DSLTA detected 19% more positive specimens than SMAC and that Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli serotypes other than E. coli O157:H7 are causing disease in the province of British Columbia, Canada.
Structural and functional changes during epileptogenesis in the mouse model of medial temporal lobe epilepsy (2016)

An important issue in epilepsy research is to understand the structural and functional modifications leading to chronic epilepsy, characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures, after initial brain insult. To address this issue, we recorded and analyzed electroencephalography (EEG) and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data during epileptogenesis in the in vivo mouse model of Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE, kainate). Besides, this model of epilepsy is a particular form of drug-resistant epilepsy. The results indicate that high-field (4.7T) MRI parameters (T2-weighted; T2-quantitative) allow to detect the gradual neuro-anatomical changes that occur during epileptogenesis while electrophysiological parameters (number and duration of Hippocampal Paroxysmal Discharges) allow to assess the dysfunctional changes through the quantification of epileptiform activity. We found a strong correlation between EEG-based markers (invasive recording) and MRI-based parameters (non-invasive) periodically computed over the `latent period' that spans over two weeks, on average. These results indicated that both structural and functional changes occur in the considered epilepsy model and are considered as biomarkers of the installation of epilepsy. Additionally, such structural and functional changes can also be observed in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Interestingly, MRI imaging parameters could be used to track early (day-7) structural changes (gliosis, cell loss) in the lesioned brain and to quantify the evolution of epileptogenesis after traumatic brain injury.
Correction: The Effect of Timing and Frequency of Push Notifications on Usage of a Smartphone-Based Stress Management Intervention: An Exploratory Trial (2018)

The affiliation for the eighth author is incorrect. Anna Weston is not affiliated with #3 but with #10 Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.
Application of a temperature‐dependent fluorescent dye (Rhodamine B) to the measurement of radiofrequency radiation‐induced temperature changes in biological samples (2009)

We have applied a non-contact method for studying the temperature changes produced by radiofrequency (RF) radiation specifically to small biological samples. A temperature-dependent fluorescent dye, Rhodamine B, as imaged by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to do this. The results were calibrated against real-time temperature measurements from fiber optic probes, with a calibration factor of 3.4% intensity change degrees C(-1) and a reproducibility of +/-6%. This non-contact method provided two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of temperature change and distributions in biological samples, at a spatial resolution of a few micrometers and with an estimated absolute precision of around 1.5 degrees C, with a differential precision of 0.4 degree C. Temperature rise within tissue was found to be non-uniform. Estimates of specific absorption rate (SAR) from absorbed power measurements were greater than those estimated from rate of temperature rise, measured at 1 min intervals, probably because this interval is too long to permit accurate estimation of initial temperature rise following start of RF exposure. Future experiments will aim to explore this.
Modeling of vehicle dynamics from real vehicle measurements using a neural network with two-stage hybrid learning for accurate long-term prediction (2003)

This paper describes the neural network model of an actual vehicle and the associated hybrid learning scheme. The neural vehicle models the actual vehicle dynamics with the structure of a real-time recurrent network. The neural network was trained to predict the next state of the vehicle given the current state, the current input steering angle of the front wheel, and the velocity of the vehicle. A hybrid learning scheme is proposed which consists of open-loop training for stabilization and closed-loop training for prediction. The open-loop training is necessary to avoid instability at an initial stage. The closed-loop training follows in such a way that the neural network predicts the vehicle's sequence of state change given the initial state, the velocity, and the steering sequence. Furthermore, after this training procedure, it not only learns the vehicle's lateral dynamics along the trained trajectories, but can also generalize to similar trajectories.
Fundamental Immunology (1994)

The first great revolution in immunology is credited to Louis Pasteur. Among the many achievements stemming from that early period is the elimination of smallpox from the entire world in 1977, a century later. The second great revolution, beginning with immunochemistry in the 1940s, is ongoing. Perhaps our counterparts a century from now will be pleased with the outcome. This elegant textbook explains what is going on in immunology today and where it may lead us. Could any outcome, a century from now, be as impressive as the elimination of smallpox? The editor, Dr William Paul, is a physician and a scientist at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Recently he was appointed director of AIDS research, an important and prestigious office. Dr Paul has a fine national reputation as a senior lecturer and teacher of remarkable fluency and clarity. He and his coworkers have devised not a
Antibacterial activities of bacteriocins: application in foods and pharmaceuticals (2014)

Bacteriocins are a kind of ribosomal synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, which can kill or inhibit bacterial strains closely-related or non-related to produced bacteria, but will not harm the bacteria themselves by specific immunity proteins. Bacteriocins become one of the weapons against microorganisms due to the specific characteristics of large diversity of structure and function, natural resource, and being stable to heat. Many recent studies have purified and identified bacteriocins for application in food technology, which aims to extend food preservation time, treat pathogen disease and cancer therapy, and maintain human health. Therefore, bacteriocins may become a potential drug candidate for replacing antibiotics in order to treat multiple drugs resistance pathogens in the future. This review article summarizes different types of bacteriocins from bacteria. The latter half of this review focuses on the potential applications in food science and pharmaceutical industry.
Tag-Aware Text File Fuzz Testing for Security of a Software System (2007)

Among various security testing, fuzz testing is useful in finding a security hole in a software system. Fuzz testing is a method that inserts an unexpected data into input of a software system and finds defects of it. Traditionally, fuzz testing generates many errors of a software system because most of fuzz testing doesn't consider formats of input. We propose a novel methodology that performs efficiently fuzz testing for text files by considering types of values in tags. A text file is a human-readable file, and consists of tags and data. When reading a text file, a software system parses values in tags and transfers values into parameters of parsing functions. Thus, we implement the algorithm in the tag-aware text file fuzz testing(TAF) that analyzes automatically types of values in tags of text files and inserts fault data into values with considering types of them. By doing this, TAF can cover all test cases as much as possible using a few fault-inserted file. We apply TAF to HTML document files saved in MS Excel application and evaluate them. Experimental result shows that TAF reduce efficiently the total number of fault-inserted files with covering all test cases.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC ANALOGS OF NATURAL ISOFLAVONES (1985)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der 4‐Alkyl‐resoreine (I) mit den Phenylacetonitrilen (II) erhält man nach einer modifizierten Houben‐Hoesch‐Synthese die Desoxybenzoine (III) nahezu isomerenfrei.
Characterization of titanium metal powder by pulsed NMR (1977)

Moisture absorption as a function of surface area in titanium metal powders was studied by pulsed NMR. Wet samples were air-dried for 16 days under normal laboratory conditions (20 to 22/sup 0/C, 40 to 60 percent relative humidity) and the moisture contents were compared with those of vacuum-dried (200/sup 0/C, 1.33 mPa) samples and vacuum-dried samples exposed to 50 percent relative humidity. For one sample, the drying efficiency of 100/sup 0/C as compared to 200/sup 0/C, as well as the moisture absorption capacity as a function of time, was also studied. The moisture, hydride hydrogen (TiH/sub 2/), and oxygen contents of titanium metal powders were found to be functions of surface area. Moisture absorbed was a linear function and hydrogen and oxygen were exponential functions of surface area. Titanium metal powder absorbs an equilibrium value of moisture (approximately 0.60 wt percent) within one hour of exposure to 50 percent relative humidity. The drying of titanium metal powder was found to be as effective at 100/sup 0/C as at 200/sup 0/C.
A9145, A NEW ADENINE-CONTAINING ANTIFUNGAL ANTIBIOTIC (1973)

A9145 is a new adenine-containing antifungal antibiotic. A9145 showed weak in vitro activity against Candida albicans in SABOURAUD'S medium, but was strongly inhibitory in a chemically defined medium. Viability counts of C. albicans following extended exposure to A9145 indicated a fungistatic action. Following a 100mg/kg dose, a peak of 64μg/mlof A9145 activity was detected in mouse blood. Administration of 10 mg/kg for 3 days extended the survival time of mice infected with C. albicans 128%; equivalent doses of amphotericin B extended survival time 112%. A total dose of 31.25 mg/kg administered over a 5-day period reduced by 400-fold the number of Candida recovered from kidney homogenates of infected mice. A combination of amphotericin B and A9145 caused a possible synergistic effect against C. albicans in vitro and an additive effect in vivo.
High-Gain Mechanically Amplified Capacitive Strain Sensor (2006)

A novel concept of mechanical amplification using buckled beam suspensions and packaging has been demonstrated in capacitive strain sensor design for improved sensitivity. However, the mechanical gain structure introduces a nonlinear characteristic, which degrades the device's linearity. A 6% nonlinearity was observed at 1000 micro-strain. Therefore, further research efforts are required for improvements. This paper presents an in-depth study of the buckled beams characteristics on nonlinearity analytically and by FEA. The accuracy of the modeling is verified by the measurements. The analysis results show the tradeoff between mechanical gain and linearity, and can be improved by device geometrical optimization. Furthermore, the accuracy of the modeling results in predictable device characteristics, allowing the development of a 2nd order nonlinear electronic compensation method to achieve an overall system performance. Simulation results show that, by applying this technique, the overall system nonlinearity can be greatly reduced from 6% FS to 0.2% FS
Atherogenicity and carcinogenicity of high-arsenic artesian well water. Multiple risk factors and related malignant neoplasms of blackfoot disease. (1988)

The objective of this study was to examine multiple risk factors and correlated malignant neoplasms of blackfoot disease (BFD), a unique peripheral vascular disease related to continuous exposure to high-arsenic artesian well water. A total of 241 BFD cases, including 169 with spontaneous or surgical amputations of affected extremities, and 759 age-sex-residence-matched healthy community controls were studied to explore the risk factors of BFD. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that artesian well water consumption, arsenic poisoning, familial history of BFD, and undernourishment were significantly associated with the development of BFD. The life-table method used to analyze cancer mortality of 789 BFD patients followed for 15 years showed a significantly higher mortality from cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, and cancers of bladder, skin, lung, and liver among BFD patients as compared with the general population in Taiwan or residents in the BFD-endemic area. The results imply the atherogenicity and carcinogenicity of the artesian well water in the BFD-endemic area.