gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Acoustic Stability, and Pharmacologic Activities of Papaverine-Loaded Echogenic Liposomes for Ultrasound Controlled Drug Delivery (2008)

our results suggest that PELIP have desirable physical, biochemical, biological, and acoustic characteristics for potential in vivo administration and ultrasound-controlled drug delivery.
Synthesis of 3‐acylamino‐2‐oxazolidinone derivatives through cyclic transformations of 5‐aryl (or benzyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2(3<i>H</i>)‐one derivatives (1993)

Abstract New 3‐acylamino‐2‐oxazolidinone derivatives 3 were obtained in good yields by reaction of 5‐aryl (or benzyl)3‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2(3 H )ones 1 with sodium ethylate. Treatment of ethyl 5‐aryl‐2‐oxo‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐3(2 H )‐acetates 7 with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of sodium ethylate or sodium hydride afforded 3‐acylamino‐5‐aryl‐4‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐oxazolidinone derivatives as two trans ‐ 5 and cis ‐ 6 racemics. Only RS,SR ‐racemates were obtained with acetophenone under the same conditions.
Issues in bioinformatics benchmarking: the case study of multiple sequence alignment (2010)

The post-genomic era presents many new challenges for the field of bioinformatics. Novel computational approaches are now being developed to handle the large, complex and noisy datasets produced by high throughput technologies. Objective evaluation of these methods is essential (i) to assure high quality, (ii) to identify strong and weak points of the algorithms, (iii) to measure the improvements introduced by new methods and (iv) to enable non-specialists to choose an appropriate tool. Here, we discuss the development of formal benchmarks, designed to represent the current problems encountered in the bioinformatics field. We consider several criteria for building good benchmarks and the advantages to be gained when they are used intelligently. To illustrate these principles, we present a more detailed discussion of benchmarks for multiple alignments of protein sequences. As in many other domains, significant progress has been achieved in the multiple alignment field and the datasets have become progressively more challenging as the existing algorithms have evolved. Finally, we propose directions for future developments that will ensure that the bioinformatics benchmarks correspond to the challenges posed by the high throughput data.
Effective Sintering Aids for Silicon Carbide Ceramics: Reactivities of Silicon Carbide with Various Additives (1986)

Effective sintering aids for SiC ceramics are discussed on the basis of their reactivities with various sintering aids around sintering temperatures (2300 to 2400 K). The free energy consideration of the reactions suggests that metals and metal oxides which do not decompose SiC in the sintering process are effective as sintering aids for SiC ceramics.
Robotic acoustic seam tracking: system development and application (1989)

The description of an ultrasonic-based seam-tracking robotic system that guides a nonwelding torch along different welding grooves is presented. A 100 kHz airborne transducer is used to inspect the workpiece ahead of a welding torch and measures the joint orientation and lateral deviation caused by curvature or discontinuities in the joint part. Data pertaining to the joint orientation and lateral deviation (echo pulse amplitude and time of flight) are obtained periodically by sampling equi-spaced points along the joint as the torch advances. A trajectory-generating algorithm uses this data to calculate the x, y, theta coordinates of the torch-tip trajectory needed to meet the tracking requirements. The experimental results from a feasibility study conducted to determine if this system could be used for tracking during live welding are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acrylic Powder Modified Portland Cement (1995)

Abstract The key functions of polymer in modifying cement for both indoor and outdoor applications have been identified and demonstrated through years of practice since the early 1960s. The effectiveness of using pure acrylic polymer in cement modification can be credited to the unique acrylic chemistry in combination with special polymer designs and processes. Both acrylic powder and acrylic latex rely on the acrylic backbone to provide excellent performance and durability, especially for exterior applications. Acrylic redispersible powder recently developed preserves acrylic latex performance in mechanical strength, adhesion, and water resistance as demonstrated by various tests under wet- and dry-exposure conditions. In addition, use of acrylic powder as a “one-package” alternative to latex facilitates on-site handling, environmental protection, and reduces packaging and transportation costs. This paper presents the results of performance comparsion between acrylic redispersible powder and acrylic latex in cement modification. The polymer-modified mortar properties were evaluated and compared in both a typical concrete repair mortar and a ceramic tile formulation. The exterior durability of acrylic powder modified repair mortar was demonstrated through exterior exposure studies. The modification efficiency of acrylic powder was also studied at different polymer levels in a patching formulation that compared favorably to other commercial powders at lower polymer level usage.
Identifying Influencers in Social Networks (2011)

The central idea in designing various marketing strategies for online social networks is to identify the influencers in the network. The influential individuals induce “word-of-mouth” effects in the network. These individuals are responsible for triggering long cascades of influence that convince their peers to perform a similar action (buying a product, for instance). Targeting these influentials usually leads to a vast spread of the information across the network. Hence it is important to identify such individuals in a network. One way to measure an individual’s influencing capability on its peers is by its reach for a certain action. We formulate identifying the influencers in a network as a problem of predicting the average depth of cascades an individual can trigger. We first empirically identify factors that play crucial role in triggering long cascades. Based on the analysis, we build a model for predicting the cascades triggered by a user for an action. The model uses features like influencing capabilities of the user and their friends, influencing capabilities of the particular action and other user and network characteristics. Experiments show that the model effectively improves the predictions over several baselines.
New Implementation of RSFQ Superconductive Digital Gates (2013)

We present additional RSFQ superconductive digital electronics logic gates that have been developed to complement already existing gates. These gates are the NOR, NAND and XNOR. The gates were designed, simulated and laid out for fabrication in both IPHT's FLUXONICS 1 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and Hypres’ 4.5 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> processes. Layout circuit parameters such as inductance were extracted to compare these with design values. Good working margins were obtained after several steps of manual circuit optimisation during the design and simulation stages. NioPulse, superconductor circuit design software developed by NioCAD in South Africa, was used and evaluated during the design process.
Acute gastric pH changes alter intraluminal but not plasma peptide levels. (1991)

Gastric acidity is influenced by systemic and local peptide effects. Previous work by others has shown that intraluminally secreted peptides may have a role in local control of gastric acidity; however, the response of these peptides to acute changes in gastric pH is unknown. To determine the effects of acute changes in pH on systemic and intraluminal peptide levels, 14 normal volunteers underwent placement of a nasogastric tube after an overnight fast. Blood and gastric fluid were analyzed on a control day, 2 hours after completion of 24 hours of aluminum-magnesium antacid therapy and after 24 hours of H2 blockade. Plasma and acid-alcohol-extracted gastric peptide levels were measured with specific radioimmunoassays. Specimens were subdivided into two groups: 28 gastric fluid specimens with a pH less than 4 and 10 specimens with a pH greater than 4. In the patients with a pH greater than 4, the luminal peptides, motilin, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, substance P, and gastrin, were decreased by 50% to 90% and gastrin-releasing peptide was decreased by 36% compared with specimens with a pH less than 4. Conversely, intraluminal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and calcitonin levels were elevated by 60% and 27%, respectively, in the samples with a pH greater than 4. Intraluminal peptide concentrations are responsive to changes in intragastric pH; however, this response was not seen in plasma peptide levels.
Antiretroviral therapy influences cellular susceptibility to apoptosis in vivo (2004)

It has been proposed that antiretroviral therapies (ART) possess both antiviral and immunomodulatory activities when used in HIV infected patients. Few studies have addressed whether these putative immunomodulatory effects are also seen in HIV negative patients, for example, when used for post exposure prophylaxis (PEP). We chose to evaluate immunologic function in HIV negative patients who received Nelfinavir and Combivir (AZT and 3TC) as PEP. Lymphocytes from patients taken immediately before, during, and after PEP were analyzed. No changes were seen in absolute or percent CD4 or CD8 T lymphocyte numbers, nor in markers of activation, memory, or co-stimulatory molecules. Surface expression of apoptosis-related ligands and receptors were unaltered, but apoptosis susceptibility was significantly inhibited by PEP (P less than 0.05). These data confirm in vitro that apoptosis susceptibility is altered by ART, including in HIV-negative patients who take PEP.
Explosives & blasting technique : proceedings of the 1st World Conference on Explosives & Blasting Technique, Munich, Germany, 6-8 September 2000 (2000)

This work covers such topics as: EU directives and harmonization work; health, safety and environment; recent technical development - products and processes; shot hole development; and management of blasting operations.
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides augment antitumor efficacy of folate receptor α based DNA vaccine (2017)

Folate receptor α (FRα) is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors and has become an attractive target antigen for immunotherapy purposes. A DNA vaccine was generated by ligation of FRα cDNA into the eukaryotic vector pcDNA3.1. Expression of FRα was confirmed in transiently transfected B16 cells. B16 cell lines that stably express FRα were set up by G418 selection. A total of 100 µg purified plasmid DNA alone or in combination with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) was injected intramuscularly in C57BL/6 mice four times at one week intervals. ELISA analysis confirmed that high titers of antibodies against FRα existed in the sera of the experimental animals. Specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against FRα-expressing B16 cells was found and FRα specific lymphocyte proliferation was detected. Coinjection of CpG ODN increased both humoral and cellular immune responses. In the protective model, in which C57BL/6 mice were immunized with the FRα DNA vaccine four weeks before tumor cell inoculation, the growth of tumor was significantly inhibited, and the presence of CpG ODN further increased the inhibitory effect. FRα DNA vaccine alone did not show a significant inhibitory effect in the therapeutic model, in which the DNA vaccine was immediately injected after tumor inoculation. However, FRα DNA vaccine plus CpG ODN showed a significant inhibitory effect in tumor growth. Survival curves for both animal experiments confirmed that mice immunized with pcDNA3.1/FRα plus CpG ODN had a significantly prolonged survival period than that of the pcDNA3.1 control group, the CpG ODN group or the pcDNA3.1/FRα group. The above showed that human FRα based DNA vaccination with CpG ODN as an adjuvant was effective in growth inhibition of a FRα expressing tumor in mice and deserves further evaluation as a possible immunotherapy.
3D reconstruction of freely moving persons for re-identification with a depth sensor (2014)

In this work, we describe a novel method for creating 3D models of persons freely moving in front of a consumer depth sensor and we show how they can be used for long-term person re-identification. For overcoming the problem of the different poses a person can assume, we exploit the information provided by skeletal tracking algorithms for warping every point cloud frame to a standard pose in real time. Then, the warped point clouds are merged together to compose the model. Re-identification is performed by matching body shapes in terms of whole point clouds warped to a standard pose with the described method. We compare this technique with a classification method based on a descriptor of skeleton features and with a mixed approach which exploits both skeleton and shape features. We report experiments on two datasets we acquired for RGB-D re-identification which use different skeletal tracking algorithms and which are made publicly available to foster research in this new research branch.
CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Is a Cell Surface Receptor for Extracellular Ubiquitin (2010)

Ubiquitin is one of the most highly conserved proteins in eukaryotes and plays major biological roles as a post-translational protein modifier. Ubiquitin is also a natural constituent of plasma, and several lines of evidence suggest that extracellular ubiquitin is an immune modulator with anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, ubiquitin treatment has been shown to limit inflammation and reduce organ injury in various disease models and species in vivo. However, its mechanism of action is unknown. Here we show that extracellular ubiquitin is a natural CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4 and CD184) agonist. Extracellular ubiquitin promotes intracellular Ca(2+) flux and reduces cAMP levels through a G protein-coupled receptor that signals via a Galpha(i/o) protein in THP1 cells. Toll-like receptor 4 stimulation reduces ubiquitin-binding sites, which enabled identification of four Galpha(i/o) PCRs as ubiquitin receptor candidates. Overexpression of candidate genes in HEK293 cells, gene silencing in THP1 cells, competition binding, and signaling studies with the CXCR4 agonist stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12) and inhibitor AMD3100 identify CXCR4 as a functional ubiquitin receptor. Our finding uncovers a fundamentally new aspect of the role of ubiquitin in biology, has implications for the understanding of CXCR4-mediated events, and is expected to facilitate development of new therapeutic avenues for a variety of diseases.
Isolation of DNA damage-inducible promoters in Escherichia coli: regulation of polB (dinA), dinG, and dinH by LexA repressor (1992)

A new genetic screening method has been developed to isolate Escherichia coli promoters which are components of the SOS regulon. Plasmids containing the regulatory regions of polB (dinA) and two new loci, dinG and dinH, were characterized. Galactokinase gene fusion experiments indicated that transcription of these genes is inducible by treatment with mitomycin and conforms to a classical model of SOS regulation involving simple LexA repression. Mapping studies using the E. coli DNA library of Kohara et al. (Y. Kohara, K. Akiyama, and K. Isono, Cell 50:495-508, 1987) revealed that dinG and dinH are located at 17.8 and 19.8 min on the chromosome, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of the dinH regulatory region contains a segment which is very similar to previously characterized binding sites for LexA protein. An asymmetric, noncanonical 20-bp LexA operator in the cloned dinG promoter region was identified. Additional experiments have revealed that the nucleotide sequence of the gene immediately downstream of the DNA damage-inducible polB locus encodes a polypeptide which has extensive sequence homology to several known and putative DNA and RNA helicase proteins. This gene, which is not regulated by the LexA repressor, has been designated hepA. The predicted amino acid sequence of the product of hepA contains several highly conserved sequence motifs that are also found in enzymes such as the RecQ and UvrB proteins of E. coli and the Rad3 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Advanced staged combustion system for power generation (1993)

To respond to the increasing market need for a new generation of plants with a substantial improvement in efficiency and a reduction in capital cost, the Institute of Gas Technology has developed an advanced staged, fluidized-bed combustion system concept. The staged fluidized-bed partial combustor produces the fuel gas at about 1500 F. The fuel gas, after particulate removal, is directed to a gas turbine followed by a steam cycle. Adequate sulfur capture and solids waste stabilization are attained by separating calcination, carbonization, and gasification/combustion steps in the staged fluidized beds. Intermediate gas cooling is avoided during the process to maximize the power production. The coal-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the system approaches 49 percent, which exceeds the efficiencies of the other emerging technologies.
Reports and News (2015)

The society's annual meetings are held in conjunction with the annual meetings of the American Academy of Religion. Please consult the AAR web site for details as to location, housing, and the like.
Differential diagnosis and management of focal ground-glass opacities (2008)

Focal pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGOs) can be associated with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. The present retrospective study aimed to test the validity of a multistep approach to discriminate malignant from benign localised (focal) GGOs, identifies useful diagnostic features on computed tomography (CT), and suggests appropriate management guidelines. A stepwise approach, including oral antibiotics, follow-up high-resolution CT (HRCT) 40-60 days later and CT-guided core biopsy, was used. All cases with localised GGOs detected since 2001 were reviewed. CT features were described according to a structured scheme. In total, 40 patients were evaluated. Of these, 11 patients were diagnosed with benign GGOs, 19 patients had lung cancer and 10 were undetermined. Nonpolygonal shape, apparent radial growth and clear-cut margins were associated with a malignant histology. The specificity of CT findings was low. Diagnostic accuracy increased after oral antibiotics, follow-up HRCT and percutaneous core biopsy. Overall, 18 patients underwent surgery for lung cancer. In conclusion, malignant ground-glass opacities have a fairly typical appearance, but some benign lesions closely mimic their malignant counterparts. The stepwise approach adopted in the present study increased the diagnostic specificity and reduced time to definitive diagnosis. Segmentectomy might be the ideal resection volume for such tumours.
Crystal Structure and Site-directed Mutagenesis of Bacillus macerans Endo-1,3–1,4-β-glucanase (1995)

In beta-glucans those beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds which are adjacent to beta-1,3 bonds are cleaved by endo-1,3-1,4-beta-glucanases (beta-glucanases). Here, the relationship between structure and activity of the beta-glucanase of Bacillus macerans is studied by x-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis of active site residues. Crystal structure analysis at 2.3-A resolution reveals a jelly-roll protein structure with a deep active site channel harboring the amino acid residues Trp101, Glu103, Asp105, and Glu107 as in the hybrid Bacillus beta-glucanase H(A16-M) (Keitel, T., Simon, O., Borriss, R., and Heinemann, U. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 5287-5291). Different mutant proteins with substitutions in these residues are generated by site-directed mutagenesis, isolated, and characterized. Compared with the wild-type enzyme their activity is reduced to less than 1%. Several mutants with isosteric substitutions in Glu103 and Glu107 are completely inactive, suggesting a direct role of these residues in glycosyl bond hydrolysis. The kinetic properties of mutant beta-glucanases and the crystal structure of the wild-type enzyme are consistent with a mechanism where Glu103 and Glu107 are the catalytic amino acid residues responsible for cleavage of the beta-1,4 glycosidic bond within the substrate molecule.
A Low Cost X-Band IMPATT Diode Marginal Oscillator for EPR (1973)

A simple, inexpensive, and easy to use IMPATT marginal oscillator for microwave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with a sensitivity of about 2×1012 spins/gauss is presented. Construction and operating techniques are discussed and a section on troubleshooting is included.
Histology-Specific Expression of a DNA Repair Protein in Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcomas (2001)

We propose several hypotheses to explain this histology-specific expression of APE/ref1 in pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas. Because the majority of ARMS expressed either the PAX3/FKHR or PAX7/FKHR fusion transcript, the low level of expression may be related to the redox activity of APE/ref1. The low levels may also be related to the bioreductive activity of APE/ref 1.
Molecular Cloning and Bioinformatic Analysis of SPATA4 Gene (2005)

Full-length cDNA sequences of four novel SPATA4 genes in chimpanzee, cow, chicken and ascidian were identified by bioinformatic analysis using mouse or human SPATA4 cDNA fragment as electronic probe. All these genes have 6 exons and have similar protein molecular weight and do not localize in sex chromosome. The mouse SPATA4 sequence is identified as significantly changed in cryptorchidism, which shares no significant homology with any known protein in swissprot databases except for the homologous genes in various vertebrates. Our searching results showed that all SPATA4 proteins have a putative conserved domain DUF1042. The percentages of putative SPATA4 protein sequence identity ranging from 30 % to 99 %. The high similarity was also found in 1 kb promoter regions of human, mouse and rat SPATA4 gene. The similarities of the sequences upstream of SPATA4 promoter also have a high proportion. The results of searching SymAtlas (http://symatlas.gnf.org/SymAtlas/) showed that human SPATA4 has a high expression in testis, especially in testis interstitial, leydig cell, seminiferous tubule and germ cell. Mouse SPATA4 was observed exclusively in adult mouse testis and almost no signal was detected in other tissues. The pI values of the protein are negative, ranging from 9.44 to 10.15. The subcellular location of the protein is usually in the nucleus. And the signal peptide possibilities for SPATA4 are always zero. Using the SNPs data in NCBI, we found 33 SNPs in human SPATA4 gene genomic DNA region, with the distribution of 29 SNPs in the introns. CpG island searching gives the data about CpG island, which shows that the regions of the CpG island have a high similarity with each other, though the length of the CpG island is different from each other. This research is a fundamental work in the fields of the bioinformational analysis, and also put forward a new way for the bioinformatic analysis of other genes.