gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-1 and related cytokines enhance thrombin-stimulated PGI2 production in cultured endothelial cells without affecting thrombin-stimulated von Willebrand factor secretion or platelet-activating factor biosynthesis. (1989)

Abstract We examined the effects of various cytokines on alpha-thrombin-stimulated prostaglandin (PG) I2 production, von Willebrand factor (vWF) secretion, and platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). A 24-h pretreatment with IL-1 beta doubled the low level of constitutive PGI2 production. In contrast, alpha-thrombin increased PGI2 production fivefold in untreated HUVEC. The most striking increase in PGI2 production was observed in IL-1 beta-treated HUVEC that were subsequently stimulated with thrombin. PGI2 production was two to three times greater than in untreated, thrombin-stimulated HUVEC and nearly eightfold greater than in IL-1 beta-treated but unstimulated HUVEC. Enhanced thrombin-stimulated PGI2 production was also observed in HUVEC pretreated with the related cytokines IL-1 alpha, TNF, or lymphotoxin. This cytokine effect was selective for PGI2 production because none of these cytokines altered either constitutive or thrombin-stimulated vWF secretion or PAF biosynthesis. IL-1 beta enhancement of thrombin-stimulated PGI2 production was concentration and time dependent and required protein synthesis. IL-1 beta pretreatment also enhanced PGI2 production in response to another agonist, histamine, and to exogenously added substrates, arachidonic acid or PGH2. Our results indicate that activation by IL-1 and related cytokines selectively primes endothelial cells for enhanced PGI2 production, but not vWF secretion or PAF synthesis, in response to thrombin and histamine. The evidence suggests that this effect is mediated through specific induction of biosynthetic enzymes for PGI2.
A critical analysis of receiver diversity with multiple antennas with spatially coloured noise (2008)

Receive diversity with multiple antennas is a very well-known technique to improve receiver performance in fading environments. The concept is particularly simple in OFDM systems, where the channel effect on each subcarrier amounts to a complex multiplication of the transmitted symbol. It is also well known that, provided the antenna noise covariance matrix is known by the receiver, interference rejection combining (IRC) is the optimal linear combining solution. However, estimation of this matrix is usually unfeasible, in which case suboptimum combining techniques such as antenna selection, equal gain combining (EGC) and maximum ratio combining (MRC) are employed. MRC is commonly employed, because it is the optimum technique for uncorrelated noise. However, we will see in this contribution that when interference is taken into account, sub-optimum MRC or EGC may be a better choice.
Overview of the use of CoQ<sub>10</sub> in cardiovascular disease (1999)

The clinical experience in cardiology with CoQ10 includes studies on congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, and reperfusion injury as it relates to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The CoQ10-lowering effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the potential adverse consequences are of growing concern. Supplemental CoQ10 alters the natural history of cardiovascular illnesses and has the potential for prevention of cardiovascular disease through the inhibition of LDL cholesterol oxidation and by the maintenance of optimal cellular and mitochondrial function throughout the ravages of time and internal and external stresses. The attainment of higher blood levels of CoQ10 (> 3.5 micrograms/ml) with the use of higher doses of CoQ10 appears to enhance both the magnitude and rate of clinical improvement. In this communication, 34 controlled trials and several open-label and long-term studies on the clinical effects of CoQ10 in cardiovascular diseases are reviewed.
FANCD2 Maintains Fork Stability in BRCA1/2-Deficient Tumors and Promotes Alternative End-Joining DNA Repair (2016)

BRCA1/2 proteins function in homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair and cooperate with Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins to maintain genomic integrity through replication fork stabilization. Loss of BRCA1/2 proteins results in DNA repair deficiency and replicative stress, leading to genomic instability and enhanced sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Recent studies have shown that BRCA1/2-deficient tumors upregulate Polθ-mediated alternative end-joining (alt-EJ) repair as a survival mechanism. Whether other mechanisms maintain genomic integrity upon loss of BRCA1/2 proteins is currently unknown. Here we show that BRCA1/2-deficient tumors also upregulate FANCD2 activity. FANCD2 is required for fork protection and fork restart in BRCA1/2-deficient tumors. Moreover, FANCD2 promotes Polθ recruitment at sites of damage and alt-EJ repair. Finally, loss of FANCD2 in BRCA1/2-deficient tumors enhances cell death. These results reveal a synthetic lethal relationship between FANCD2 and BRCA1/2, and they identify FANCD2 as a central player orchestrating DNA repair pathway choice at the replication fork.
Risk Mitigation in Managing a Mega Project - a Case Study of Gomal Zam Dam Construction Weight and Cloud Model (2014)

Global contractors operate in an environment that has a variety of alternatives and uncertain circumstances that requires constant circumvention and adjustment. It is not uncommon that a contractor conducting an international project does not comprehensively evaluate the local environments and identify and assess potential risk factors thoroughly and respond and forewarn its teams promptly. Gomal Zam Dam Multi-Purpose project includes the highest roller compacted concrete gravity dam in Pakistan and a hydropower generation station. The construction started in 2007 and inaugurated in 2013. During the construction, the construction management level of the contractor faced many challenges and risks not previously identified. These risks impacted the construction in various aspects including schedule, cost, and finance control. This paper provides the background information of the project, the specifics of the project and challenges encountered. It also presents the countermeasures and management techniques used under the multitude of uncertainties in this mega infrastructure project, the management lessons learned during the six years construction. In view of the growing global construction and construction management projects worldwide, the practices in this infrastructure project will provide referential experience to international companies and construction managers pursuing projects in Pakistan.
New Antiprogestins with Partial Agonist Activity: Potential Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulators (SPRMs) and Probes for Receptor- and Coregulator-Induced Changes in Progesterone Receptor Induction Properties (2001)

A pharmacologically relevant property of steroid hormone-regulated gene induction is the partial agonist activity of antisteroid complexes. We now report that dexamethasone-mesylate (Dex-Mes) and dexamethasone-oxetanone (Dex-Ox), each a derivative of the glucocorticoid-selective steroid dexamethasone (Dex), are two new antiprogestins with significant amounts of agonist activity with both the A and B isoforms of progesterone receptor (PR), for different progesterone-responsive elements, and in several cell lines. These compounds continue to display activity under conditions where another partial antiprogestin (RTI-020) is inactive. These new antiprogestins were used to determine whether the partial agonist activity of PR complexes can be modified by changing concentrations of receptor or coregulator, as we have recently demonstrated for glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). Because GR and coregulator concentrations simultaneously altered the position of the physiologically relevant dose-response curve, and associated EC(50), of GR-agonist complexes, we also examined this phenomenon with PR. We find that elevated PR or transcriptional intermediary factor 2 (TIF2) concentrations increase the partial agonist activity of Dex-Mes and Dex-Ox, and the EC(50) of agonists, independently of changes in total gene transactivation. Furthermore, the corepressors SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors) and NCoR (nuclear receptor corepressor) each suppresses gene induction but NCoR acts opposite to SMRT and, like the coactivator TIF2, reduces the EC(50) and increases the partial agonist activity of antiprogestins. These comparable responses of GR and PR suggest that variations in receptor and coregulator concentrations may be a general mechanism for altering the induction properties of other steroid receptors. Finally, the magnitude of coregulator effects on PR induction properties are often not identical for agonists and the new antagonists, suggesting subtle mechanistic differences. These properties of Dex-Mes and Dex-Ox, plus the sensitivity of their activity to cellular differences in PR and coregulator concentrations, make these steroids potential new SPRMs (selective progesterone receptor modulators) that should prove useful as probes of PR induction properties.
Heat-Treated Nonprecious Catalyst Using Fe and Nitrogen-Rich 2,3,7,8-Tetra(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazino[2,3-<i>g</i>]quinoxaline Coordinated Complex for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEM Fuel Cells (2011)

Pyrolyzed Fe/N/C catalysts were synthesized using a newly designed and synthesized 2,3,7,8-tetra(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline (TPPQ) organic compound as the nitrogen-containing ligand. The structure of TPPQ was deliberately designed to discourage the agglomeration of Fe during heat treatment as well as to provide a concentrated source of nitrogen. Catalysts were prepared by first coordinating TPPQ with Fe, forming Fe–TPPQ complexes, followed by impregnation onto carbon black (KJ600) and pyrolysis at 900 °C. Catalysts with 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8% initial iron content were prepared, and their physical characteristics were determined by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction was evaluated and compared for all catalysts. The best performing catalyst was found to be the catalyst using 2% initial iron content. Evidence of iron metal and carbide particle formation was found for catalysts with initial iron content higher than 2%.
Impaired Cerebral Vasoreactivity and Risk of Stroke in Patients With Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis (2000)

These results suggest a link between impaired cerebrovascular reactivity and the risk of ischemic events ipsilateral to severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis.
On non-destructive residual stress measurement in glass panels; pp. 150–156 (2010)

A portable scattered light polariscope SCALP has been developed, which permits measurement of the residual stress profile through the thickness of glass panels. At a glass factory strength assessment of glass panels of different thermal treatment was carried out using both residual stress measurement with SCALP and the traditional four-point bending tests. Linear correlation between the residual surface stress and the bending strength was observed. At another glass factory residual stress in glass panels was measured before performing the traditional fragmentation test. The results of the fragmentation test were extremely scattered and had almost no correlation with the values of the residual stress. It is concluded that sufficiently reliable assessment of the strength of glass panels is obtained by measuring the residual stress at the surface.
Evidence that SCS Pincer Pd(II) Complexes are only Precatalysts in Heck Catalysis and the Implications for Catalyst Recovery and Reuse (2005)

Abstract SCS‐pincer Pd(II) complexes have been covalently immobilized onto porous silica, cross‐linked polymer (Merrifield resin) and soluble poly(norbornene) supports via either amide or urea linkages and evaluated in the Heck coupling of iodobenzene with n ‐butyl acrylate. Kinetic experiments and poisoning studies indicate that in all cases the pincer complexes merely act as precatalysts. Contrary to literature reports, there is no evidence for catalysis by the intact amide‐linked SCS‐Pd(II) complexes under any conditions studied here.
Optical Diagnostics for Characterization of a Full-Size Fighter-Jet Afterburner (2005)

In the present work the feasibility of using various optical/laser based techniques for characterization of the afterburner of a full-size aircraft engine have been investigated. The tests have been performed on-site at Volvo Aero Corporation and were mainly directed towards surface thermometry using thermographic phosphors and fuel visualization. All applications were studied for different engine running conditions, including various use of the afterburner (A/B). Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) was employed for fuel visualization to investigate to what extent unburned fuel exits the afterburner. Laser-Induced Phosphorescence (LIP) from thermographic phosphors was used to measure two-dimensional surface temperatures on the outlet nozzle of the afterburner. In addition, the spectral characteristics of the burning jet stream were investigated.
Incremnental Learning Algorithm for Function Approximation and its Realization Using Neural Networks (2006)

In this paper an incremental learning algorithm for function approximation is presented. The algorithm utilizes the current training pattern to generate an approximately learned function with minimum change in the previously learned one. The algorithm does not store previous learned data for retraining, thus it emulates the biological incremental learning process. The new learned function coefficients are computed using the least squares and the goal attainment optimization methods. The proposed algorithm can be applied to learn systems that operate dynamically in changed environments, such as learning inverse dynamics of robots.
GT-1a or GT-1b Subtype-Specific Resistance Profiles for Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitors Telaprevir and HCV-796 (2009)

In vitro, telaprevir selects subtype-specific resistance pathways for hepatitis C virus GT-1a and GT-1b, as described to have occurred in patients. In GT-1a, the HCV-796 resistance mutation C316Y has low replication capacity (7%) that can be compensated for by the emergence of the mutation L392F or M414T, resulting in an increase in replication levels of > or = 10-fold.
Transforming growth factor-β induces Cdk2 relocalization to the cytoplasm coincident with dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (2004)

Cooperative growth arrest induced by treatment with TGF-beta + rapamycin causes inhibition of nuclear Cdk2 activity through multiple mechanisms, including Cdk2 relocalization to the cytoplasm, increased p27 and p21 binding to Cdk2, and increased phosphorylation of nuclear Cdk2 on its inhibitory site, Tyr15.
Learning Loss for Active Learning (2019)

The performance of deep neural networks improves with more annotated data. The problem is that the budget for annotation is limited. One solution to this is active learning, where a model asks human to annotate data that it perceived as uncertain. A variety of recent methods have been proposed to apply active learning to deep networks but most of them are either designed specific for their target tasks or computationally inefficient for large networks. In this paper, we propose a novel active learning method that is simple but task-agnostic, and works efficiently with the deep networks. We attach a small parametric module, named ``loss prediction module,'' to a target network, and learn it to predict target losses of unlabeled inputs. Then, this module can suggest data that the target model is likely to produce a wrong prediction. This method is task-agnostic as networks are learned from a single loss regardless of target tasks. We rigorously validate our method through image classification, object detection, and human pose estimation, with the recent network architectures. The results demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms the previous methods over the tasks.
<title>High depth-of-field imaging without sacrificing light-gathering power and resolution</title> (1997)

The traditional method of improving the depth-of-field of an imaging system is to stop down the aperture. Light gathering power and resolution are lost. We present a modified CCD camera system which achieves exceptionally high depth-of-field without stopping down the aperture. A special phase mask placed near the lens modifies the incoming wavefront making it nearly invariant to the state of focus. The resulting image has reduced contrast but still contains complete object information. Straightforward post-processing is then used to regain image contrast. In effect, we trade image SNR instead of aperture size to obtain high depth-of-field.
Preparation and characterization of palladium and platinum complexes bearing 1,8-bis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]naphthalene (2001)

Reaction of MCl2(cod) (M = Pd, Pt) with 1,8-bis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]naphthalene (1,8-dpmn) gave MCl2(1,8-dpmn) 1 (M = Pd), 2 (M = Pt), as confirmed by X-ray analyses. Complex 1 reacted with xylyl isocyanide a (XylNC) in the presence of NaPF6 to give [Pd(1,8-dpmn)(XylNC)2](PF6)23a. Reactions of dinuclear complexes [M2(RNC)6](PF6)2 (4: M = Pd, 5: M = Pt; R = Xyl (a) or 2,4,6-Me3C6H2 (b) (Mes)) with one or two equiv. of 1,8-dpmn gave [M2(1,8-dpmn)(RNC)4](PF6)26 (M = Pd) and 7 (M = Pt), or [M2(1,8-dpmn)2(RNC)2](PF6)28 (M = Pd) and 9 (M = Pt). The structures of 6b, 7b and 8b were confirmed by X-ray analyses. Reaction of [Pd2Cl2(XylNC)4] with two equiv. of 1,8-dpmn in the presence of NaPF6 gave 8a, whereas the reaction in the presence of NH4PF6 produced 10a together with 7a. It was confirmed by an X-ray analysis of 10a that the crystal lattice is constructed by two types of cations (3a and two 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidonium) and four PF6 anions. Photochemical reaction of 6a or 8a in CH2Cl2 led to cleavage of the Pd–Pd bond, giving [PdCl(XylNC)3](PF6) and [PdCl(1,8-dpmn)(XylNC)](PF6).
Towards a concept of thrombosis in accelerated flow: Rheology, fluid dynamics, and biochemistry (1985)

The predilection sites of arterial thrombosis are characterized by local increase in wall shear stress, flow separation with eddy formation and stagnation point flow. The defenders of high shear, as well as those of low shear theory of thrombogenesis, point to correlations of predilection sites and the respective flow abnormalities. Experimental evidence is provided, that high shear rates can damage both red cells and platelets, that lysed red cells constitute a potent platelet stimulant, due to their content of adenine nucleotides, and that platelets do not adhere to surfaces unless transported onto them by convective motion, the effectiveness of the platelet-wall interaction being enhanced by platelet activation. Based on these facts, a resolution of the contrast between high and low shear theory of thrombosis is attempted in a way, that the different flow regimens, with blood cells sequentially passing them, are each considered important and interdependent steps on the way to thrombosis.
The Pipecolate‐Incorporating Enzyme for the Biosynthesis of the Immunosuppressant Rapamycin — Nucleotide Sequence Analysis, Disruption and Heterologous Expression of <i>Rap P</i> from <i>Streptomyces Hygroscopicus</i> (1997)

An open reading frame (rapP) encoding the putative pipecolate-incorporating enzyme (PIE) has been identified in the gene cluster for the biosynthesis of rapamycin in Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Conserved amino acid sequence motifs for ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis, adenylate formation, and 4'-phosphopantetheine attachment were identified by sequence comparison with authentic peptide synthetases. Disruption of rapP by phage insertion abolished rapamycin production in S. hygroscopicus, and the production of the antibiotic was specifically restored upon loss of the inserted phage by a second recombination event. rapP was expressed in both Escherichia coli and Streptomyces coelicolor, and recombinant PIE was purified to homogeneity from both hosts. Although low-level incorporation of [14C]beta-alanine into recombinant PIE isolated from E. coli was detected, formation of the covalent acylenzyme intermediate could only be shown with the PIE from S. coelicolor, suggesting that while the recombinant PIE from S. coelicolor was phosphopantetheinylated, only a minor proportion of the recombinant enzyme from E. coli was post-translationally modified.
Cloned mouse DNA fragments can replicate in a simian virus 40 T antigen-dependent system in vivo and in vitro. (1985)

Mouse liver DNA was cut out with BamHI and cloned into YIp5, which contained the URA3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in pBR322. Of the several plasmids isolated, two plasmids, pMU65 and pMU111, could transform S. cerevisiae from the URA- to the URA+ phenotype and could replicate autonomously within the transformant, indicating that mouse DNA fragments present in pMU65 or pMU111 contain autonomously replicating sequences (ARS) for replication in S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, to determine the correlation between ARS function in yeast cells and that in much higher organisms, we tried to challenge these plasmids with the simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication system. Of the two plasmids tested, the EcoRI-BglII region of pMU65 could be hybridized with a chemically synthesized 13-nucleotide fragment corresponding to the origin region of SV40 DNA. Both pMU65 (the EcoRI-BglII region cloned in pBR322) and its subclone pMU65EB could replicate semiconservatively, and initiation of DNA replication started from the EcoRI-BglII region when the replicating activity of these plasmids was tested in the in vitro SV40 DNA replication system we have established before. Furthermore, pMU65 and pMU65EB could replicate autonomously within monkey Cos cells which produce SV40 T antigen constitutively. These results show that a 2.5-kilobase fragment of the EcoRI-BglII region in pMU65 contains the ARS needed for replication in the SV40 DNA replication system.
RADIATE: A Radar Dataset for Automotive Perception in Bad Weather (2021)

Datasets for autonomous cars are essential for the development and benchmarking of perception systems. However, most existing datasets are captured with camera and LiDAR sensors in good weather conditions. In this paper, we present the RAdar Dataset In Adverse weaThEr (RADIATE), aiming to facilitate research on object detection, tracking and scene understanding using radar sensing for safe autonomous driving. RADIATE includes 3 hours of annotated radar images with more than 200K labelled road actors in total, on average about 4.6 instances per radar image. It covers 8 different categories of actors in a variety of weather conditions (e.g., sun, night, rain, fog and snow) and driving scenarios (e.g., parked, urban, motorway and suburban), representing different levels of challenge. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first public radar dataset which provides high-resolution radar images on public roads with a large amount of road actors labelled. The data collected in adverse weathers, e.g., fog and snowfall, is unique. Some baseline results of radar based object detection and recognition are given to show that the use of radar data is promising for automotive applications in bad weather, where vision and LiDAR fail. RADIATE also has stereo images, 32-channel LiDAR and GPS data, directed at other applications such as sensor fusion, localisation and mapping. The public dataset can be accessed at http://pro.hw.ac.uk/radiate/.
[Effects of resveratrol on hippocampal astrocytes and expression of TNF-α in Alzheimer's disease model rate]. (2015)

These results suggest that the activation of astrocytes and the secretion of TNF-α can be inhibited by Res in AD rats.
Evaluation of Bone Bruises and Associated Cartilage in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Injured and –Reconstructed Knees Using Quantitative T <sub>1ρ</sub> Magnetic Resonance Imaging: 1‐Year Cohort Study (2010)

Level IV, therapeutic case series.