gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nerve growth factor-induced changes in the intracellular localization of the protein kinase C substrate B-50 in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. (1989)

High levels of the neuron-specific protein kinase C substrate, B-50 (= GAP43), are present in neurites and growth cones during neuronal development and regeneration. This suggests a hitherto nonelucidated role of this protein in neurite outgrowth. Comparable high levels of B-50 arise in the pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line during neurite formation. To get insight in the putative growth-associated function of B-50, we compared its ultrastructural localization in naive PC12 cells with its distribution in nerve growth factor (NGF)- or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP)-treated PC12 cells. B-50 immunogold labeling of cryosections of untreated PC12 cells is mainly associated with lysosomal structures, including multivesicular bodies, secondary lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus. The plasma membrane is virtually devoid of label. However, after 48-h NGF treatment of the cells, B-50 immunoreactivity is most pronounced on the plasma membrane. Highest B-50 immunoreactivity is observed on plasma membranes surrounding sprouting microvilli, lamellipodia, and filopodia. Outgrowing neurites are scattered with B-50 labeling, which is partially associated with chromaffin granules. In NGF-differentiated PC12 cells, B-50 immunoreactivity is, as in untreated cells, also associated with organelles of the lysosomal family and Golgi stacks. B-50 distribution in dbcAMP-differentiated cells closely resembles that in NGF-treated cells. The altered distribution of B-50 immunoreactivity induced by differentiating agents indicates a shift of the B-50 protein towards the plasma membrane. This translocation accompanies the acquisition of neuronal features of PC12 cells and points to a neurite growth-associated role for B-50, performed at the plasma membrane at the site of protrusion.
Clinical effectiveness and safety of powered exoskeleton-assisted walking in patients with spinal cord injury: systematic review with meta-analysis (2016)

Powered exoskeletons allow patients with SCI to safely ambulate in real-world settings at a physical activity intensity conducive to prolonged use and known to yield health benefits.
The Translation Correction Tool : English-Spanish User Studies (2018)

Machine translation systems should improve with feedback from post-editors, but none do beyond the very localized benefit of adding the corrected translation to parallel training data (for statistical and example-base MTS) or a memory data base. Rule based systems to date improve only via manual debugging. In contrast, we introduce a largely automated method for capturing more information from the human post-editor, so that corrections may be performed automatically to translation grammar rules and lexical entries. This paper focuses on the information capture phase and reports on an experiment with English-Spanish translation.
New Esters of 4-Amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic Acid as Potent Agonists and Antagonists for 5-HT<sub>4</sub>Receptors (1997)

A number of benzoates derived from 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid and substituted 1-piperidineethanol were synthesized and found to be potent 5-HT4 receptor agonists in the electrically-stimulated myenteric plexus and longitudinal muscle of the guinea pig ileum and the rat esophagus muscle. Monosubstitution of the piperidine ring with Me, OH, NH-Ac, or CONH2 groups gave compounds equipotent to 7a (ML 10302), a 5-HT4 receptor agonist previously reported to have nanomolar affinity. 7a,k were as potent as serotonin (5-HT) but had maximal responses which were only 60-80% of that of 5-HT, suggesting a partial agonist profile for these compounds. Binding assays were performed with [3H]GR 113808 in the rat striatum, and several of these compounds were found to have nanomolar affinity for 5-HT4 receptors (7a, Ki = 1.07 +/- 0.5 nM; 7k, Ki = 1.0 +/- 0.3 nM). The introduction of two methyl groups on the piperidine ring brought about a dramatic change in the pharmacological profile of 2-[(cis- and trans-3,5-dimethylpiperidinyl)ethyl]-4-amino-5-chloro-2- methoxybenzoate, 7g,h. 7g (Ki = 0.26 +/- 0.06 nM) inhibited the relaxant action of 5-HT in the rat esophagus muscle with a pA2 value of 8.6. The advantage of the ester function was demonstrated by comparing the activity of several such compounds at 5-HT4 receptors with those of the corresponding amidic derivatives. This difference was less marked when the basic moiety was sterically constrained as in the quinuclidine and tropane moieties. Structural analyses of 7a,g were performed by determining their X-ray crystal structures and by molecular modeling (SYBYL). A relatively limited number of minimum energy conformers was found for both compounds. They were characterized by the cis folded conformation of the ethyl chain and by the orientation of the lone pair of the nitrogen atom pointing out of the molecule as seen in conformationally-constrained benzamides such as zacopride and renzapride. A hypothetical model for the 5-HT4 receptor with two sites for the binding of agonist and antagonist molecules was proposed.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Turbine Thermal Barrier Coatings (1999)

Ceramic thermal barrier coatings extend the operating temperature range of actively cooled gas turbine components, therefore increasing thermal efficiency. Performance and lifetime of existing ceram ic coatings are limited by spallation during heating and cooling cycles. Spallation of the ceramic is a function of its microstructure, which is determined by the deposition method. This research is investigating metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of yttria stabilized zirconia to improve performance and reduce costs relative to electron beam physical vapor deposition. Coatings are deposited in an induction-heated, low-pressure reactor at 10 microns per hour. The coating's composition, structure, and response to the turbine environment will be characterized.
Crystallization kinetics of fully hydrogenated palm oil in sunflower oil mixtures (2000)

Abstract The crystallization kinetics of mixtures of fully hydrogenated palm oil (HP) in sunflower oil (SF) was studied. The thermal properties and phase behavior of this model system were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction. From the melting enthalpy and clear point of HP, it was possible to calculate the supersaturation at a given temperature for every composition of the model system. Supersaturation of the model system for the β′ but not for the α polymorph yielded the β′ polymorph, while supersaturation for the α polymorph yielded a mixture of mainly β and some β′ polymorphs. The crystallization kinetics of HP/SF mixtures were determined by pulsed wide‐line proton nuclear magnetic resonance for various initial supersaturations in the β′ polymorph. The determined curves were modeled by a modified classical nucleation model and an empirical crystal growth function, which are both functions of supersaturation. Heterogeneous nucleation rates in the β′ polymorph yielded a surface Gibbs energy for heterogeneous nucleus formation of 3.8 mJ·m −2 . About 80% of the triglyceride was assumed to be in a suitable conformation for incorporation in a nucleus. Induction times for isothermal crystallization in the β′ polymorph yielded a surface free energy for heterogeneous nucleus formation of 3.4 to 3.9 mJ· −2 .
A MODIFICATION OF THE CURTIUS SYNTHESIS OF PRIMARY AMINES (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA MODIFICATION OF THE CURTIUS SYNTHESIS OF PRIMARY AMINESRichard H. F. ManskeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 4, 1202–1204Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01379a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01379a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
30-kV spin-polarized transmission electron microscope with GaAs–GaAsP strained superlattice photocathode (2012)

A spin-polarized electron beam has been used as the probe beam in a transmission electron microscope by using a photocathode electron gun with a photocathode made of a GaAs–GaAsP strained superlattice semiconductor with a negative electron affinity (NEA) surface. This system had a spatial resolution of the order of 1 nm for at 30 keV and it can generate an electron beam with an energy width of 0.24 eV without employing monochromators. This narrow width suggests that a NEA photocathode can realize a high energy resolution in electron energy-loss spectroscopy and a longitudinal coherence of 3 × 10−7 m.
Analgesic effects of rosemary essential oil and its interactions with codeine and paracetamol in mice. (2015)

Our findings support the use of rosemary in the management of pain and indicate a therapeutic potential of rosemary essential oil in combination with analgesic drugs. The mechanisms involved in analgesic effects of rosemary essential oil and the potential influence on cytochromes and drug metabolism should be more in-depth investigated.
Increased robustness of humanoid standing balance in the sagittal plane through adaptive joint torque reduction (2013)

This paper introduces and compares two control approaches that increase the robustness of humanoid standing balance in the sagittal plane with respect to impulsive perturbations by adapting joint torques. To address the question of how the range of admissible perturbations for an n-link inverted pendulum model can be enlarged, we propose two different strategies: adapting the ankle torque only and adapting all joint torques uniformly. For each, explicit-form solutions exist for nonlinear models with an arbitrary number of links. A Center of Pressure-based criterion for switching between the default feedback controller and the torque reduction strategies is introduced. In a three-link model case study, a wide range of robot poses, which are optimized either for steady state effort minimization or robustness, are considered. Simulation results show that our models are robust to impulse perturbations of between 10% and 149% greater magnitude than for an LQR default control law. However, there is a trade-off between robustness gains and steady-state balancing effort. In a second example, a joint-locked model, which uses an adaptive joint torque reduction strategy, outperforms a joint-unlocked model that only uses the default controller both in terms of robustness and control effort.
Bifidobacterium psychraerophilum sp. nov. and Aeriscardovia aeriphila gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a porcine caecum (2004)

In a previous study that was based primarily on 16S rDNA sequencing, two groups of bifidobacteria that had been recovered from a pig caecum were proposed to belong to two novel species, termed 'Bifidobacterium pyschroaerophilum' and 'Bifidobacterium aerophilum'. In this study, based on DNA G+C content and partial heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) gene sequences, the assignment of 'B. pyschroaerophilum', corrected to Bifidobacterium pyschraerophilum, to the genus Bifidobacterium was confirmed. The DNA G+C content of 'B. aerophilum' was relatively low, which was consistent with its segregation into subcluster II of the 16S rDNA phylogenetic tree. Based on partial 16S rDNA and HSP60 gene sequences, the species was transferred to a novel genus and reclassified as Aeriscardovia aeriphila gen. nov., sp. nov. Biochemical profiles and growth parameters were established for both novel species. Interestingly, each had a high tolerance to oxygen and grew on agar media under aerobic conditions, a trait that may relate to their caecal habitat. Under aerobic growth conditions, the short-rod morphology of A. aeriphila lengthened considerably. This appeared to arise from incomplete cell division. In addition, B. pyschraerophilum was unusual in that it grew at temperatures as low as 4 degrees C. On the basis of genetic, phylogenetic and phenotypic data, the identities of Bifidobacterium pyschraerophilum sp. nov. (type strain, T16(T)=LMG 21775(T)=NCIMB 13940(T)) and Aeriscardovia aeriphila gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain, T6(T)=LMG 21773(T)=NCIMB 13939(T)) are confirmed.
Development and application of an object-oriented graphical environment for the simulation of space-based sensing systems (2002)

The simulation of developing complex systems requires flexibility to allow for changing system requirements and constraints. The object-oriented paradigm provides an environment suitable for establishing flexibility, rapid reconfiguration of new architectures, and integration of new models. This paper outlines the development and application of the Brilliant Eyes Simulator (BESim), sponsored by the United States Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC). BESim simulates the Space and Missile Tracking System (SMTS), formerly known as Brilliant Eyes, which represents the Low Earth Orbiting component of the Space Based Infrared System (SBIRS-LEO). BESim has powerful pre- and post-processing tools for simulation setup and analysis of results. The pre-processor enables the user to specify system characteristics, output data collection, external data interfaces, and modeling fidelity. The post-processor consists of a graphical user interface which allows easy access to all simulation output in graphical or tabular form. This includes two and three-dimensional graphical playback of high level performance results.
Prognostic Value of Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL Receptors in Renal Cell Cancer (2009)

High TRAIL-R2, high TRAIL, and low TRAIL-R4 expression levels are associated with a worse disease-specific survival in patients with RCCs. Therefore, the assessment of TRAIL/TRAIL-R expression offers valuable prognostic information that could be used to select patients for adjuvant therapy studies. Moreover, our findings are of relevance for a potential experimental therapeutic administration of TRAIL-R agonists in patients with RCCs.
Synthesis and Characterization of High-Affinity 4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-<i>s</i>-indacene-Labeled Fluorescent Ligands for Human β-Adrenoceptors (2011)

The growing practice of exploiting noninvasive fluorescence-based techniques to study G protein-coupled receptor pharmacology at the single cell and single molecule level demands the availability of high-quality fluorescent ligands. To this end, this study evaluated a new series of red-emitting ligands for the human β-adrenoceptor family. Upon the basis of the orthosteric ligands propranolol, alprenolol, and pindolol, the synthesized linker-modified congeners were coupled to the commercially available fluorophore BODIPY 630/650-X. This yielded high-affinity β-adrenoceptor fluorescent ligands for both the propranolol and alprenolol derivatives; however, the pindolol-based products displayed lower affinity. A fluorescent diethylene glycol linked propranolol derivative (18a) had the highest affinity (log K(D) of -9.53 and -8.46 as an antagonist of functional β2- and β1-mediated responses, respectively). Imaging studies with this compound further confirmed that it can be employed to selectively label the human β2-adrenoceptor in single living cells, with receptor-associated binding prevented by preincubation with the nonfluorescent β2-selective antagonist 3-(isopropylamino)-1-[(7-methyl-4-indanyl)oxy]butan-2-ol (ICI 118551) ( J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol.1983, 5, 430-437. ).
942. Cinnolines. Part II. The structures of N-methylcinnolones (1963)

D. E. Ames and H. Z. Kucharska, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 4924 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630004924
The LED's dark secret (2009)

The blue light-emitting diode, arguably the greatest optoelectronic advance of the past 25 years, harbors a dark secret: crank up the current and its efficiencies will plummet. The problem is known as droop, and it's not only puzzling the brightest minds in the field, it's also threatening the future of the electric lighting industry.
Photodynamic Inactivation of Mammalian Viruses and Bacteriophages (2012)

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been used to inactivate microorganisms through the use of photosensitizers. The inactivation of mammalian viruses and bacteriophages by photosensitization has been applied with success since the first decades of the last century. Due to the fact that mammalian viruses are known to pose a threat to public health and that bacteriophages are frequently used as models of mammalian viruses, it is important to know and understand the mechanisms and photodynamic procedures involved in their photoinactivation. The aim of this review is to (i) summarize the main approaches developed until now for the photodynamic inactivation of bacteriophages and mammalian viruses and, (ii) discuss and compare the present state of the art of mammalian viruses PDI with phage photoinactivation, with special focus on the most relevant mechanisms, molecular targets and factors affecting the viral inactivation process.
Mild Depressive Symptoms Are Associated With Amplified and Prolonged Inflammatory Responses After Influenza Virus Vaccination in Older Adults (2003)

Even a modest number of depressive symptoms may sensitize the inflammatory response system in older adults and produce amplified and prolonged inflammatory responses after infection and other immunological challenges. Sustained and/or amplified inflammatory responses could accelerate a range of age-related diseases.
A New Template Matching Method using Variance Estimation for Spike Sorting. (2005)

The analysis of single unit recording data requires a spike sorting method to separate blended neuronal spikes into separate neuron classes. A new template matching method for spike sorting based on shape distributions and a weighted Euclidean metric is proposed. The data is first roughly clustered using a Euclidean distance metric. Then the Levenberg-Marquardt method is used to estimate the variances of the neuron classes using curve fitting on the clustered data. Finally, the weighted Euclidean distance method is applied to minimize errors caused by different variances. This method provides optimized template matching results when the neuron variances are considerably different
Clinical Application of Three-Dimensional Craniofacial Imaging in Orthodontics (2005)

Since the inception of record keeping in orthodontics, clinicians realized that the best way to represent and record a patient's condition would be in three dimensions (3D). Several methods have been attempted, including facial moullages of every patient in order to capture a true representation of the patient's face, but the materials and technology available did not always allow a true registration in a practical or cost effective way. Photographic and radiographic methods were quickly adopted; however, using two dimensional methods to represent a three dimensional entity can result in misleading or incomplete diagnostic information. The present article reviews the need for the third dimension in orthodontic records, the available technology, and the possible trends for the future. The collection of 3D orthodontic records could be divided into face, craniofacial skeleton, and dentition. Direct and indirect methods can be used in order to end up with a 3D image. There are different ways to visualize and study the 3D images, they can be ”printed” as a 3D object, they can be seen in a computer screen, or even in a holographic environment. The ideal patient record situation would be a complete 3D craniofacial record by using digital format to obtain individual as well as conjunctive access to soft tissue of the face, craniofacial skeleton, and dentition. The Cone Beam Computerized Tomography scanners show some potential of developing into the single source of 3D orthodontic records. If this occurs, an orthodontic records appointment could end up taking less than 10 minutes.
Fast broadcast in high-speed networks (1999)

Traditional broadcast protocols are inappropriate for the high-speed networks of the future. Such protocols are limited by the speed of software processing, which becomes a bottleneck as network speeds increase. This paper presents broadcast protocols that are appropriate for high-speed networks, and are tolerant of failures involving the loss of messages. The protocols are based primarily on the simple hardware functions present in a high-speed network node. This leads to message delivery at hardware speeds. In the unlikely event of a failure, software intervention is required to guarantee the timely termination of the protocol; however, this software processing does not interfere with message delivery.
Vero Cell Toxins in Escherichia coli and Related Bacteria: Transfer by Phage and Conjugation and Toxic Action in Laboratory Animals, Chickens and Pigs (1983)

Sixty-eight of 519 strains of Escherichia coli and six of 10 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced toxins acting on Vero cells (VT+); all of 63 Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus strains were VT−. Most of the VT+ E. coli strains were from weaned pigs suffering from oedema disease and/or diarrhoea and belonged to serogroups O141:K85,88, O141:K85, O138:K81, and O139:K82; six VT+ E. coli. strains were from diarrhoeic human babies, four of serogroup O26 and two of serogroup O128. The VT genes in two of the O26 strains and in the O128 strains were located in the genome of the phages with which they were lysogenized. One O141:K85,88 pig E. coli strain transferred its VT genes, probably by conjugation, to E. coli K12. The VTs of the human E. coli strains, the pig E. coli strains and the P. aeruginosa strains were antigenically different from each other; unlike the others, the P. aeruginosa VT was heat-resistant. Cell-free preparations of cultures of E. coli K12 to which the VT genes of the four human E. coli strains had been transferred caused fluid accumulation in ligated segments of rabbit intestine. Inoculated intravenously, they were lethal for mice and rabbits; similar preparations of E. coli K12 to which the VT genes of the pig E. coli strain had been transferred produced a disease in pigs that clinically and pathologically resembled oedema disease.