gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A digital high-dynamic-range CMOS image sensor with multi-integration and pixel readout request (2007)

A novel principle has been developed to build an ultra wide dynamic range digital CMOS image sensor. Multiple integrations are used to achieve the required dynamic. Its innovative readout system allows a direct capture of the final image from the different exposure time with no need of external reconstruction. The sensor readout system is entirely digital, implementing an in-pixel ADC. Realized in the STMicroelectronics 0.13&mgr;m CMOS standard technology, the 10&mgr;m x 10&mgr;m pixels contain 42 transistors with a fill factor of 25%. The sensor is able to capture more than 120dB dynamic range scenes at video rate.
Reduction of Side Effects by Combining Clozapine with Amisulpride: Case Report and Short Review of Clozapine-Induced Hypersalivation (2005)

Side effects from a high-dose clozapine treatment for a schizophrenic patient led to massive compliance problems. The dose of clozapine could be halved without recurrence of an acute psychotic symptomatology by concomitantly administering amisulpride. The side effects, especially hypersalivation, disappeared almost entirely, which in turn led to good compliance. In a short review we would like to present the pathophysiology and therapeutic options of clozapine-induced hypersalivation.
Silicon hall-effect power IC's for brushless motors (1982)

The offset voltage which appears at the Hall electrodes in the absence of a magnetic field depends strongly on the mechanical stress. In order to reduce the effects of stress on the offset voltage, special wafer process and packaging techniques have been devised. A Hall device with a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\langle 100 \rangle</tex> direction of current flow in the
Etching process of SiO2 by HF molecules (1999)

Ab initio theoretical computations have been performed to reveal the mechanism of the etching reaction of silicon oxide (SiO2) by HF molecules. The probable reaction paths, in which the etching reaction proceeds through four sequential steps to remove a single fragment of SiO2, are presented with their potential energy curves. In every step, the insertion of an HF molecule into an Si-O bond leads to the dissociation of the Si-O connection. The potential energy barriers evaluated along the reaction paths suggest that the HF molecule has an ability to etch the SiO2 surface. The strong interaction among HF molecules, however, likely causes HF polymer formation, which is expected to reduce the reaction rate of SiO2 etching.
Decoupled zero-compressed memory (2011)

For each computer system generation, there are always applications or workloads for which the main memory size is the major limitation. On the other hand, in many cases, one could free a very significant portion of the memory space by storing data in a compressed form. Therefore, a hardware compressed memory is an attractive way to artificially increase the amount of data accessible in a reasonable delay.
Vβ6+ T Cells Are Obligatory for Vaccine-Induced Immunity to <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> (2001)

We examined TCR usage to a protective fragment of heat shock protein 60 from the fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum. Nearly 90% of T cell clones from C57BL/6 mice vaccinated with this protein were Vbeta6+; the remainder were Vbeta14+. Amino acid motifs of the CDR3 region from Vbeta6+ cells were predominantly IxGGG, IGG, or SxxGG, whereas it was uniformly SFSGG for Vbeta14+ clones. Short term T cell lines from Vbeta6+-depleted mice failed to recognize Ag, and no T cell clones could be generated. To determine whether Vbeta6+ cells were functionally important, we eliminated them during vaccination. Depletion of Vbeta6+ cells abrogated protection in vivo and upon adoptive transfer of cells into TCR alphabeta(-/-) mice. Transfer of a Vbeta6+, but not a Vbeta14+, clone into TCR alphabeta(-/-) mice prolonged survival. Cytokine generation by Ag-stimulated splenocytes from immunized mice depleted of Vbeta6+ cells was similar to that of controls. The efficacy of the Vbeta6+ clone was associated with elevated production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF compared with that of the Vbeta14+ clone. More Vbeta6+ cells were present in lungs and spleens of TCR alphabeta(-/-) on day 3 postinfection compared with Vbeta14+ cells. Thus, a single Vbeta family was essential for vaccine-induced immunity. Moreover, the mechanism by which Vbeta6+ contributed to protective immunity differed between unfractionated splenocytes and T cell clones.
On the Interpretation of Stressed Pronouns (2019)

In this paper I will argue that meaning effects of stress on pronouns are general interpretive effects of constituent focus. I propose two constraints, Contrastive Stress and Continuing Topic, to deal with the interpretation of stressed pronouns in English. These two constraints and their interaction also account for some well-known data that are usually analysed via the Complementary Preference Hypothesis.
Keeping hot chips cool (2005)

With 90nm CMOS in production and 65nm testing in progress, power has been pushed to the forefront of design metrics. This paper will outline practical techniques that are used to reduce both leakage as well as active power in a standard-cell library based high-performance design flow. We will discuss the design and cost issues for using different power saving techniques such as: power gating to reduce leakage, multiple and hybrid threshold libraries for leakage reduction and multiple supply voltage based design. In addition techniques to reduce clock tree power will be presented as power consumed in clocks accounts for a significant portion of total chip power. Practical aspects of implementing these techniques will also be discussed.
Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Homolog of the Melatonin Rhythm Enzyme Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87) (2001)

Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT, serotonin N-acetyltransferase, EC ) plays a unique transduction role in vertebrate physiology by converting information about day and night into a hormonal signal: melatonin. Only vertebrate members of the AANAT family have been functionally characterized. Here a putative AANAT from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (scAANAT) was studied to determine whether it possessed the catalytic activity of the vertebrate enzyme. scAANAT is 47% similar to ovine AANAT, but lacks the regulatory N- and C-terminal flanking regions conserved in all vertebrate AANATs. It was found to have enzyme activity generally typical for AANAT family members, although the substrate preference pattern was somewhat broader, the specific activity was lower, and the pH optimum was higher. Deletion of scAANAT reduced arylalkylamine acetylation by S. cerevisiae extracts, indicating that scAANAT contributes significantly to this process. The scAANAT sequence conformed to the three-dimensional structure of ovine AANAT catalytic core; however, an important structural element (loop 1) was found to be shorter and to lack a proline involved in substrate binding. These differences could explain the lower specific activity of scAANAT, because of the importance of loop 1 in catalysis. Data base analysis revealed the presence of putative AANATs in other fungi but not in the nearly complete genomes of Drosophila melanogaster or Caenorhabditis elegans. These studies indicate that the catalytic and kinetic characteristics of fungal and vertebrate enzymes can be considered to be generally similar, although some differences exist that appear to be linked to changes in one structural element. Perhaps the most striking difference is that fungal AANATs lack the regulatory domains of the vertebrate enzyme, which appear to be essential for the regulatory role the enzyme plays in photochemical transduction.
活力ある農業・地域づくりに向けて : 農林水産業・地域の活力創造プランとりまとめをふまえて (特集 よりよい未来のための挑戦 : 農業と地域を豊かにするJAへ) (2014)

Vascular contractility and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation were studied in mesenteric, aorta and coronary vasculature from male and female LDL receptor deficient (LDLR(-/-)) and wild type C57BL/6 mice fed either a high-fat Western Diet (WD) or regular animal chow (RD). Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was also studied in small mesenteric arteries and aorta from C57BL/6 mice following a 20 h exposure in vitro to 30 mM glucose. Compared with RD-fed animals, WD-fed LDLR-/- animals had increased body weights, elevated triglycerides and total cholesterol, but not glucose. Control C57BL6 animals had elevated body weight without increased cholesterol, triglyceride or glucose levels. The contractile sensitivity to cirazoline (pD(2)) of small mesenteric arteries was the same for RD-fed LDLR-/- and RD-fed C57BL6 mice, but was reduced in WD-fed male LDLR-/- and WD-fed female C57BL/6 mice. Maximum mesenteric contractile values for cirazoline (Emax) were unchanged; however, the Emax for phenylephrine in the aorta from WD-fed male C57BL/6 (but not LDLR-/- or female C57BL/6) mice was reduced. The Emax for acetylcholine-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in micro- and macro vessels (small mesenteric artery, coronary artery and aorta) from WD-fed LDLR-/- and C57BL/6 mice was unaltered, in contrast to the reduction in Emax for glucose-exposed tissues. Furthermore, the component of acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation resistant to the combination of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase and guanylyl cyclase (nitro L-arginine methyl ester - 100 microM; indomethacin 10 microM and 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo[4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one, ODQ - 10 microM, respectively) was generally greater in WD-fed mice. Thus, vasculature from WD-fed mice with short-term dyslipidaemia do not exhibit reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, but the WD is associated with changes in the overall endothelial-dependent relaxation and contractile responses thus suggesting an impact of diet rather than dyslipidaemia on cellular signalling pathways in vascular tissue. In contrast, acute hyperglycaemia resulted in endothelial dysfunction in both small mesenteric arteries and thoracic aorta.
MLSE and MAP Equalization for Transmission Over Doubly Selective Channels (2009)

In this paper, equalization for transmission over doubly selective channels is discussed. The symbol-by-symbol maximum <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a posteriori</i> probability (MAP) equalizer and the maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) are discussed. The doubly selective channel is modeled using the basis expansion model (BEM). Using the BEM allows for an easy and low-complexity mechanism for constructing the channel trellis to implement the MLSE and the MAP equalizer. The MLSE and the MAP equalizer are implemented for single-carrier transmission and for multicarrier transmission implemented using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In this scenario, a complexity-diversity tradeoff can be observed. In addition, we propose a joint estimation and equalization technique for doubly selective channels. In this joint estimation and equalization technique, the channel state information (CSI) is obtained in an iterative manner. Simulation results show that the performance of the joint channel estimation and equalization approaches the performance when perfect CSI is available at the receiver.
Myeloid- and lymphoid-specific breakpoint cluster regions in chromosome band 13q14 in acute leukemia (1999)

Abnormalities of chromosome band 13q14 occur in hematologic malignancies of all lineages and at all stages of differentiation. Unlike other chromosomal translocations, which are usually specific for a given lineage, the chromosomal translocation t(12;13)(p12;q14) has been observed in both B-cell and T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-, TCP-ALL), in differentiated and undifferentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), and in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at progression to blast crisis. The nature of these translocations and their pathologic consequences remain unknown. To begin to define the gene(s) involved on chromosome 13, we have performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a panel of YACs from the region, on a series of 10 cases of acute leukemia with t(12;13)(p12;q14) and 1 case each with "variant" translocations including t(12;13)(q21;q14), t(10;13)(q24;q14) and t(9;13)(p21;q14). In 8/13 cases/cell lines, the 13q14 break fell within a single 1.4 Mb CEPH MegaYAC. This YAC fell immediately telomeric of the forkhead (FKHR) gene, which is disrupted in the t(2;13)(q35;q14) seen in pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Seven of the 8 cases with breaks in this YAC were AML. In 4/13 cases, the 13q14 break fell within a 1.7-Mb YAC located about 3 Mb telomeric of the retinoblastoma (RB1) gene: all 4 cases were ALL. One case of myelodysplastic syndrome exhibited a break within 13q12, adjacent to the BRCA2 gene. These data indicate the presence of myeloid- and lymphoid-specific breakpoint cluster regions within chromosome band 13q14 in acute leukemia.
Dietary Supplementation and Improved Anaerobic Performance (1994)

In the present study, the effects of an increased daily dose of a dietary supplement (ATP-E, 0.2 g.kg-1.day-1) on Wingate test performance were examined in 12 men (21 +/- 1.6 years) prior to and following 14 days of supplement and placebo ingestion. A double-blind and counterbalanced design was used. Results revealed higher (p < .007) preexercise blood ATP (95.4 +/- 10.5 mumol.dl-1) for the entire group following 14 days of ATP-E ingestion compared to placebo measures (87.6 +/- 10.9 mumol.dl-1). Mean power (667 +/- 73 W) was higher (p < .008) after 14 days of ATP-E ingestion versus placebo (619 +/- 67 W). Peak plasma lactate was lower (p < .07) after 14 days of ATP-E ingestion (14.9 +/- 2.8 mmol.L-1) compared to placebo (16.3 +/- 1.6 mmol.L-1). These data suggested that the improvement in 30-s Wingate test performance in this group may be related to the increased dose of ATP-E.
A battalion/brigade training simulation (1987)

In today's Army there exists a requirement for a simulation to train Brigade and Battalion commanders and staffs to exercise procedures and decision making skills. The key elements of this simulation are that it provide a realistic, stress-filled simulated combat training environment to practice AirLand Battle doctrine. There must be a greater appreciation of threat doctrine and tactics while providing the opportunity to exercise and evaluate the units tactical standard operating procedures and decision making processes used to control and coordinate combat, combat support and combat service support assets. The US Army has determined that an automated simulation will provide this capability. The simulation model selected to meet these goals is the Computerized Battle Simulation (COMBAT-SIM). This paper will briefly address the background of command and control training and provide an in depth discussion of the COMBAT-SIM model.
A Wireless Passive Humidity Threshold Monitoring Solution Based on a Permanent Resistance Change (2014)

A wireless passive sensor solution is presented, which permits continuous monitoring of a humidity threshold viola- tion, but does not require a permanent supply of electric energy. It is based on an inkjet printed resistance changing element, which incorporates three mechanisms: the deliquescent behavior of salts, transport processes in porous media and chemical sintering of silver nanoparticles under ambient temperature conditions. Upon exceeding a salt specific deliquescence humidity a salt solution forms in a reservoir (humidity threshold activation), which is transported through a porous substrate (delay mechanism) into a silver nanoparticle region, triggering a chemical sintering under ambient temperature conditions (permanent state change). In dependence of the design and manufacturing parameters compar- atively large permanent resistance changes (i.e., 1MΩ and above) can be realized. These humidity triggered switches can be integrated into inductively coupled resonant (ICR) sensor tags, in the presented case, a double planar sensor coil arrangement.
[Diabetic encephalopathy: an underexposed complication of diabetes mellitus]. (2003)

Diabetes mellitus seems to be associated with gradually developing end-organ damage to the central nervous system. This relatively unknown complication of both diabetes type 1 and type 2 can be referred to as 'diabetic encephalopathy'. Measurable manifestations are electrophysiological and structural changes and limitations in the cognitive functioning. The mechanisms responsible for this diabetic encephalopathy are only partially known. Chronic metabolic and vascular changes seem to play an important role. The effects of diabetes on the brain are most distinct in the elderly. This may be the consequence of interactions between the mechanisms that underlie the ageing of the brain, dementia and the origin of diabetic complications. At present there are few leads for the targeted diagnostics and treatment of individual patients.
Screening rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase for growth promotion of chickpea seedlings under axenic conditions. (2010)

The use of beneficial bacteria as agricultural inputs for increasing crop production needs the selection of competent rhizobacteria with plant growth promoting attributes. Nodulation in chickpea plants is inhibited due to higher levels of ethylene production in the rhizosphere under stress conditions. Rhizobacteria having trait ACCdeaminase can facilitate plant growth to over come these deleterious effects. For this, isolation of rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase from the rhizosphere of chickpea plants grown in different districts of Punjab, were screened for growth promotion of chickpea seedlings under axenic conditions. All the rhizobacterial isolates had the potential to change the growth of chickpea seedlings under axenic conditions except few isolates which showed negative effect on root and shoot growth of chickpea seedlings. Results of jar study exhibited that inoculation with selected isolates increased the root length, shoot length, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, lateral root number, lateral root length and lateral root dry weight of chickpea seedlings up to 107.5, 57.4, 86.7, 83.5, 266.7, 286.6 and 121 %, respectively, over uninoculated control. It is concluded that the presence of ACC-deaminase enzyme activity could be a useful tool for screening effective rhizobacteria to promote seedlings growth of chickpea under controlled conditions before testing their effectiveness under natural environment.
Safe Charging for wireless power transfer (2014)

As battery-powered mobile devices become more popular and energy hungry, wireless power transfer technology receives intensive interests, as it allows the power to be transferred from a charger to ambient devices wirelessly. The existing studies mainly focus on the power transfer efficiency but overlook the health impairments caused by RF exposure. In this paper, we study the Safe Charging Problem (SCP) of scheduling power chargers so that more energy can be received while no location in the field has electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exceeding a given threshold R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> . We prove that SCP is NP-hard and propose a solution which provably outperforms the optimal solution to SCP with a relaxed EMR threshold (1 - ε)R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> . Testbed results based on 8 Powercast TX91501 chargers validate our results. Extensive simulation results show that the gap between our solution and the optimal one is only 6.7% when ε = 0.1, while a naive greedy algorithm is 34.6% below our solution.
Two-Photon Plasma Membrane Imaging in Live Cells by an Amphiphilic, Water-Soluble Cyctometalated Platinum(II) Complex (2009)

An amphiphilic, water-soluble cyclometalated Pt(II) complex with two-photon emission properties has been developed as a molecular marker specific for in vitro plasma membrane staining.
Update on ANSI Z136.1 (1999)

Z136.1 Subcommittee Chairs, William P. Roach and Benjamin A. Rockwell, led the efforts culminating in a draft standard by the end of 1998 which revised and updated American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z136.1-1993. This is now the fifth revision since 1973. This draft standard considers several major changes to revise laser hazard evaluation methods and laser classification for large sources. For collimated laser diode systems additional factors needed to be considered in order to maintain a fair margin of safety between the maximum permissable exposure (MPE) and actual injury thresholds for circular sources—with and without optically aided viewing. New data on ultrashort laser pulses (subnanosecond) changed the MPEs that were based on “constant power” criteria at 1 ns, while demonstrating new effects adversely impacting laser safety eyewear. Signs and labels are now more in accord with the latest ANSI Z535 and International Electrotechnical Commission recommendations.
Reality and Future of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2011)

Compared to other types of rechargeable batteries, the rechargeable lithium battery has many advantages, such as: higher energy density, lower self-discharge rate, higher voltages and longer cycle life. This article provides an overview of the cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator materials used in rechargeable lithium batteries. The advantages and challenges of various materials used in rechargeable lithium batteries will be discussed, followed by a highlight of developing trends in lithium battery research.
Synovial fluid markers of osteoarthritis in dogs (2001)

Although none of these markers currently have any clinical applications, researchers have made strong advances in understanding molecular markers of OA and remain optimistic that the goal of identifying clinically useful markers of OA is attainable.(3-6,8,9) Much of this positive sentiment arises from the large array of molecules that have been identified.(8) Molecular markers of the greatest potential clinical use will be those that allow early detection of OA, permit disease progression to be monitored, or allow efficacy of various treatment regimens to be assessed. Earlier and more sensitive detection of OA changes may increase effective opportunities for treatment intervention during reversible phases of the OA disease process and allow more objective assessment of treatment efficacy and prognosis.(6)
A Comparative Analysis of Whispered and Normally Phonated Speech Using an LPC-10 Vocoder, (1985)

The determination of the performance of an LPC-10 vocoder in the processing of adult male and female whispered and normally phonated connected speech was the focus of this study. The LPC-10 vocoder's analysis of whispered speech compared quite favorably with similar studies which used sound spectrographic processing techniques. Shifting from phonated speech to whispered speech caused a substantial increase in the phonomic formant frequencies and formant bandwidths for both male and female speakers. The data from this study showed no evidence that the LPC-10 vocoder's ability to process voices with pitch extremes and quality extremes was limited in any significant manner. A comparison of the unprocessed natural vowel waveforms and qualities with the synthesized vowel waveforms and qualities revealed almost imperceptible differences. An LPC-10 vocoder's ability to process linguistic and dialectical suprasegmental features such as intonation, rate and stress at low bit rates should be critical issue of concern for future research. Keywords: Speech processing; Linguistics; Phonetics.