gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new chromium carbide‐based tribological coating for use to 900 °C with particular reference to the Stirling engine (1986)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Harold E. Sliney; A new chromium carbide‐based tribological coating for use to 900 °C with particular reference to the Stirling engine. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 November 1986; 4 (6): 2629–2632. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.573694 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Fabrication of thin-film composite membranes with pendant, photoreactive diazoketone functionality (1997)

A disulfonyl chloride monomer having a pendent photoreactive diazoketone functional group has been synthesized in high overall yield (>90%). The synthesis involves a convenient two-step reaction sequence starting from commercially available 6-diazo-5-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride, which was reacted with piperazine then 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonyl chloride to give the disulfonyl chloride diazoketone. Thin-film composite membranes having photoreactive diazoketone moieties as side chains of a polysulfonamide have been successfully fabricated by interfacial polymerization of ethanediamine with the disulfonyl chloride diazoketone on a polysulfone support. The effect of polymerization parameters such as monomer concentration, polymerization time, crosslinking, and surfactant have been systematically investigated in terms of membrane morphology and permeation properties. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 2381–2398, 1997
AFM structure and media noise of SmCo/Cr thin films and hard disks (1994)

Longitudinal media for ultrahigh density recording require a high coercivity and a low medium noise. While the coercivity is controlled mainly by the chemical composition of the alloy, the medium noise is influenced significantly by the microstructure of the underlayer. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the microstructure of Cr underlayers and SmCo magnetic films. The AFM study shows that the Cr grains have elongated ‘‘rice’’-like granular features whereas the SmCo grains without an underlayer appear circular with nonuniform grain size. The Cr underlayer grows as well isolated columns with voids. When thin SmCo films (&lt;20 nm) were deposited on the thin Cr (&lt;35 nm) underlayers the SmCo grains were found to replicate the isolated, columnar structure of the underlayer. The intergranular exchange interaction and the recording media noise of SmCo/Cr thin films decreased with a decreasing thickness of the Cr underlayer. The medium noise of high coercivity SmCo/Cr hard disks prepared on thin Cr underlayers remained almost flat with no supralinear increase when tested up to 2760 fc/mm (70 kfci).
Human-robot integrated teleoperation (1998)

A great deal of research have been done on robot path generation. including automatic path planning and teaching/playback. Teleoperation is commonly used in order to control a robot from a remote site when dealing with an unknown environment. To increase the accuracy and the reliability of teleoperation, close interaction between the human and the slave robot is required. Many force feedback devices and control architectures have been investigated for this purpose. However, most of the force feedback master devices are as big as the slave robot and equipped with heavy actuators. The Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) is developing a humanoid robot which has two arms (9 d.o.f. for each), two hands (4 d.o.f each), a waist (3 d.o.f.) and a neck (2 d.o.f.). An automatic path planner which takes advantage of redundancy is also developed. However, it requires huge computational power and time to obtain the optimal solution. For some very complex tasks or when a known interacting with environment, the robot path can be generated very easily and accurately by human teaching, hence the automatic path planner is not required. Human motion is analyzed using sensors and converted to the robot joint angles. For tasks interacting with an unknown environment, teleoperation with force feedback is more useful. A simple exoskeleton-type master arm is designed based on the kinematic analysis of the human arm. Pneumatic actuators are used for force reflection. This device is integrated with the KIST humanoid robot as well as the graphic simulator, so that the master arm can be used for teaching the robot or as the virtual reality device integrated with the graphic simulator. A force-reflecting master hand is also developed. The force-reflecting master arm and hand are very light and compact so that a human can easily wear them while he feels the same force as the robot does, giving position commands to the slave robot.
<title>Breath alcohol, multisensor arrays, and electronic noses</title> (1997)

The concept behind a volatile compound mapper, or electronic nose, is to use the combination of multiple gas sensors and pattern recognition techniques to detect and quantify substances in gas mixtures. There are several different kinds of sensors which have been developed during recent years of which the base techniques are conducting polymers, piezo electrical crystals and solid state devices. In this work we have used a combination of gas sensitive field effect devices and semiconducting metal oxides. The most useful pattern recognition routine was found to be ANNs, which is a mathematical approximation of the human neural network. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of using electronic noses in field instruments to detect drugs, arson residues, explosives etc. As a test application we have chosen breath alcohol measurements. There are several reasons for this. Breath samples are a quite complex mixture contains between 200 and 300 substances at trace levels. The alcohol level is low but still possible to handle. There are needs for replacing large and heavy mobile instruments with smaller devices. Current instrumentation is rather sensitive to interfering substances. The work so far has dealt with sampling, how to introduce ethanol and other substances in the breath, correlation measurements between the electronic nose and headspace GC, and how to evaluate the sensor signals.
Mechanism of DNA degradation by the ATP-dependent DNase from Hemophilus influenzae Rd. (1976)

The rate of production of acid-soluble material during degradation of duplex DNA by Hemophilus influenzae ATP-dependent DNAse (Hind exonuclease V) has been shown to be directly dependent upon the Mg2+ concentration in the reaction mixture. At high concentrations of Mg2+ (5 to 20 mM), DNA degradation to acid-soluble products is rapid and the rate of ATP hydrolysis is slightly depressed. At low concentrations of Mg2+ (0.1 to 0.5 mM), the enzyme rapidly hydrolyzes ATP and converts up to 35% of linear duplex DNA to single-stranded material while degrading less than 0.2% of the DNA to acid-soluble products. We refer to this enzymatic production of single-stranded DNA as the "melting" activity. Under the conditions of our assay, the initial melting reaction is processive, lasting about 70s on phage T7 DNA. Using DNAs with several different lengths, we have established that the duration of the initial reaction is dependent upon DNA length, requiring approximately 1 s per 0.18 mum. The products of the initial reaction on phage T7 DNA are somewhat heterogeneous, consisting of short duplex fragments approximately 0.5 mum long, purely single-stranded products up to 7 mum long, and longer duplex fragments 3 to 11 mum in length, some of which have single-stranded tails. Nearly half of the single-stranded material remains linked to a duplex segment of DNA after the inital processive reaction. We propose that Hind exo V initiates attack at the DNA termini and then acts in a processive manner, migrating along the DNA molecule, converting some regions to single-stranded material by the combined action of the melting activity and limited phosphodiester cleavage, while leaving other regions double-stranded. At the completion of its processive movement through a single DNA molecule, it is released and then recycles onto either intact molecules or the partially degraded products, continuing in this manner until the DNA is finally reduced to oligonucleotides.
Replication of <i>Carnation Italian Ringspot Virus</i> Defective Interfering RNA in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2003)

Two plasmids from which the sequences coding for the 36- and 95-kDa proteins of Carnation Italian ringspot virus (CIRV) could be transcribed in vivo in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the ADH1 promoter and terminator were constructed. The two proteins, which constitute the viral replicase, were correctly translated and integrated into membranes of the yeast cells. An additional plasmid was introduced in yeasts expressing the CIRV replicase, from which a defective interfering (DI) RNA (DI-7 RNA) could be transcribed under the control of the GAL1 promoter and terminated by the Tobacco ringspot virus satellite ribozyme, which cleaved 19 nucleotides downstream of the 3' end of DI RNA. The DI-7 RNA transcripts were amplified by the viral replicase as demonstrated by the restoration of the authentic 3' end, the requirement of a specific cis-acting signal at this terminus, the preferential accumulation of molecules with the authentic 5' terminus (AGAAA), the synthesis of head-to-tail dimers, the presence of negative strands, and the incorporation of 5-bromo-UTP. Additionally, transformation with a dimeric construct of DI-7 RNA led to the synthesis of monomers, mimicking the activity of the viral replicase in plant cells.
Binding properties of a mannose-specific lectin from the snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) bulb. (1988)

Carbohydrate binding properties of a new plant lectin (GNA) isolated from snowdrop bulbs were studied using the technique of quantitative precipitation, hapten inhibition, and affinity chromatography on immobilized lectin. Purified GNA precipitated highly branched yeast mannans but did not react with most glucans. Hapten inhibition experiments showed that D-mannose is an inhibitor of GNA-mannan interaction but neither N-acetyl-D-mannosamine nor D-glucose is an inhibitor. Hapten inhibition with various sugars showed that GNA requires the presence of equatorial hydroxyl groups at the C-3 and C-4 positions and an axial group at the C-2 position of the D-pyranose ring. A nonreducing terminal D-mannose residue is necessary for the interaction of oligosaccharides, and oligosaccharides with terminal Man(alpha-1-3)Man units showed the highest inhibitory potency (10-30 times greater than D-mannose) among the manno-oligosaccharides tested. The presence of the hydrophobic p-nitrophenyl aglycone increased the affinity of D-mannose only slightly. Immobilized GNA bound yeast mannan but did not bind glycogen. The behavior of glycoproteins with high mannose type glycan chains depended on the density and the structure of their glycan chains. Glycopeptides which carry Man(alpha 1-3)Man units were retarded on the immobilized GNA column whereas those lacking this unit or with hybrid type glycan chains were not retarded on the column.
Variants of the Chemokine Receptor CCR5 Are Associated with Severe Bronchiolitis Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2003)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is characterized by intense inflammation of the airways, and high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines can be found in respiratory secretions of affected infants. Important among these chemokines are RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell-expressed and -secreted) and macrophage inflammatory-protein alpha, MIP-1alpha, both of which show correlation with severe RSV bronchiolitis. It is not clear whether high levels of these chemokines are important in disease pathogenesis, and this study addresses this question by studying genetic variants of their major receptor, CC chemokine receptor 5. Results from both a case-control and family-based genetic-association analysis show that the -2459G and -2554T variants are associated with severe RSV bronchiolitis (P=.01). It is proposed that these CCR5 variants influence the inflammatory response, and these data provide further evidence of the important role that host genetic variability plays in the determination of disease severity in RSV bronchiolitis.
Ethnic differences in blood pressure, pulse rate, and related characteristics in young adults. The CARDIA study. (1989)

This study examined ethnic differences in blood pressure and pulse rate in young adults to see whether the differences, if they exist, can be explained by differences in body mass index, lifestyle, psychological, and socioeconomic characteristics. Data used were from the baseline examination of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults Study (CARDIA). CARDIA is a longitudinal study of lifestyle and evolution of cardiovascular disease risk factors in 5,116 young adults, black and white, men and women, aged 18-30 years, of varying socioeconomic status. Young black adults had higher mean systolic blood pressure and slightly higher mean diastolic blood pressure than young white adults. For both men and women, the blood pressure differences between blacks and whites tended to be greater for the age group 25-30 than for the age group 18-24 years. Among the variables studied, body mass index, duration of exercise on the treadmill, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and number of alcoholic drinks per week were consistently associated with blood pressure. The blood pressure differences were greatly reduced after adjusting for these variables. Black participants had lower mean pulse rate than white participants. The differences tended to be greater for the age group 18-24 than for the age group 25-30 years. Among the variables studied, only duration on treadmill and number of cigarettes smoked per day were consistently correlated with pulse rate. With adjustment for duration on treadmill, the differences in pulse rate increased. These results suggest that differences in ethnic pattern of blood pressures and pulse rate with age may be due in part to obesity, physical fitness, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking.
Fungal melanin as a biocompatible broad-spectrum sunscreen with high antioxidant activity (2021)

Melanin is considered a bio-inspired dermo-cosmetic component due to its high UV absorption and antioxidant activity. Among various melanin sources, fungal melanin is a promising candidate for sunscreen because of its sustainability and scalability; however, quantitative assessment of its function has not yet been sufficiently explored. In this study, melanin samples derived from <i>Amorphotheca resinae</i> were prepared, followed by the evaluation of their sunscreen performance, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity. Melanin-blended cream was prepared by blending a melanin suspension and a pure cream. The cream showed an <i>in vitro</i> sun protection factor value of 2.5 when the pigment content was 5%. The cream showed a critical wavelength of approximately 388 nm and a UVA/UVB ratio of more than 0.81, satisfying the broad-spectrum sunscreen requirement. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays indicated that fungal melanin had antioxidant activity similar to ascorbic acid but higher than reduced glutathione. Fungal melanin had no statistically significant cytotoxicity to human keratinocyte cell lines until 72 h of exposure, even at a concentration of 4 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>. Consequently, melanin pigment can be used as a biocompatible broad-spectrum sunscreen with high antioxidant activity and as a practical alternative in dermo-cosmetic formulations.
Vector optimization with cone semilocally preinvex functions (2013)

In this paper we introduce cone semilocally preinvex, cone semilocally quasi preinvex and cone semilocally pseudo preinvex functions and study their properties. These functions are further used to establish necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for a vector minimization problem over cones. A Mond-Weir type dual is formulated for the vector optimization problem and various duality theorems are proved.
Self-Assembled Nano-Stuffing Structure in CVD and ALD Co(W) Films as a Single-Layered Barrier/Liner for Future Cu-Interconnects (2013)

Cobalt film with tungsten [Co(W)] has the potential to be an effective single-layered barrier/liner in interconnects, due to its good adhesion with Cu, low resistivity compared with TaN, and comparable barrier properties to TaN. To reduce the resistivity of Co(W), oxygen-free Co(W) was fabricated from oxygen-free precursors, bis(N-tert-butyl-N'-ethylpropionamidinato) cobalt and bis(tert-butylimino)bis(dimethylamino) tungsten, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Our results showed that W addition improved the barrier properties of both CVD-Co(W) and ALD-Co(W) against Cu diffusion. The diffusion coefficient of Cu in Co(W) was reduced by W addition. The activation energy of Cu in CVD-Co(W) and ALD-Co(W) was 1.5 eV and 1.7–1.8 eV, respectively; whereas that in CVD-Co was 1.0 eV. Improvement in the barrier properties of Co(W) was attributed to the amorphous-like structure created by W. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and multivariate spectral analysis of the nanoscale properties of Co(W) revealed that the improvement in the barrier properties was due to the self-assembled segregation of W atoms at the grain boundary. The segregated W atoms in both CVD-Co(W) and ALD-Co(W) films may act as a stuffing material. These results suggest Co(W), especially ALD-Co(W), as a promising material for Cu-interconnects in future ultra-large-scale integrated circuits.
Variations on an NHC Theme: Which Features Enhance Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation with Ruthenium Complexes? (2013)

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) based ruthenium complexes were studied as catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Variations in the catalyst structure were investigated for their impact on hydrogenation and catalyst stability. Catalyst attributes included bis- or mono-NHC ligands, pendant ether groups in some cases, and arene ligands of varied bulk and donor strength. Ruthenium complexes were synthesized and fully characterized, including complexes with a monodentate NHC ligand containing a tethered ether N substituent (ImEt,CH2CH2OEtRuCl2(η6-arene); arene = benzene (4), p-cymene (5), hexamethylbenzene (6)), a complex with a monodentate NHC ligand with solely alkyl N substituents (ImEt,PentylRuCl2(η6-p-cymene) (8)), and a complex with a bis-NHC ligand ([RuCl(methylenebis(ImEt)2)(η6-p-cymene)]PF6 (7)) (Im = imidazole-derived NHC; superscripts indicate N substituents). X-ray crystal structures were obtained for 4, 5, 7, and 8. All of the ruthenium complexes were tested and found to be active transfer hydrogenation catalysts for the reduction of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol in basic 2-propanol. Precatalyst 4, which contains a tethered ether group and benzene ligand, was found to be the most active catalyst. Variable-temperature 1H NMR studies of complexes 4–6 show that arene lability increases in the order C6Me6 < cymene < benzene, and this lability is directly correlated with catalytic activity. The catalysis appears to be homogeneous, and a mechanism invoking arene loss is proposed. Precatalyst 4 reduced electron-deficient ketones most easily, and 4′-nitroacetophenone was reduced under base-free conditions. The highest TOF (turnover frequency) and TON (turnover number) values obtained were 3003 h–1 and 845, respectively, for ketone reduction with catalyst 4.
Recent Developments in Vascular Imaging Techniques in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (2015)

Adequate vascularisation is key in determining the clinical outcome of stem cells and engineered tissue in regenerative medicine. Numerous imaging modalities have been developed and used for the visualization of vascularisation in tissue engineering. In this review, we briefly discuss the very recent advances aiming at high performance imaging of vasculature. We classify the vascular imaging modalities into three major groups: nonoptical methods (X-ray, magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and positron emission imaging), optical methods (optical coherence, fluorescence, multiphoton, and laser speckle imaging), and hybrid methods (photoacoustic imaging). We then summarize the strengths and challenges of these methods for preclinical and clinical applications.
Pervasive Computing for Interactive Virtual Heritage (2005)

The rapid evolution of pervasive computing technologies enables bringing virtual heritage applications to a new level of user participation. A platform for interactive virtual heritage applications integrates a high-end virtual reality system with wireless, connected portable and wearable computers, facilitating and enhancing user navigation, visualization control, and peer-to-peer information exchange.
Thallous Sulfide Photo-Conductive Cells II. Theoretical Discussion (1946)

A theory is formulated which is in substantial agreement with all facts reported in a previous paper on thallous sulfide photo-conductive cells. The underlying physical picture is that light is absorbed in the Tl2S proper and in the presence of oxygen, positive ``holes'' and negative oxygen ions are formed. The ``holes'' and ions recombine at a rate proportional to the product of their concentrations. During their lifetime, the negative ions act as space charge compensators for the defect conduction and allow correspondingly higher currents to flow. This space charge compensating action, which is similar to the role played by positive ions in gas discharges, seems to be one essential mechanism of producing secondary photo-effects.
Connexin 43 hemichannels mediate Ca2+‐regulated transmembrane NAD+ fluxes in intact cells (2000)

A previously unrecognized passive transport for pyridine dinucleotides has been described recently in the plasmamembrane of several mammalian cells. Despite elucidation of some functional and kinetic properties of this transport system, it is still undefined at the molecular level. Therefore, we have addressed the molecular characterization of the NAD+ transporter and identified it as connexin 43 (Cx43). This is a structural component of hexameric hemichannels that, when juxtaposed on adjacent cells, builds up intercellular gap junctions and mediates exchange of molecules between cells. However, the role of connexin hemichannels as potential pores in individual, noncoupled cells remains elusive. Bidirectional NAD+ transport in isolated Cx43-expressing mur ine 3T3 fibroblasts was affected by known modulators of connexin-mediated intercellular coupling and was completely inhibited by treatment of the cells with a Cx43-antisense oligonucleotide. NAD+ transport in proteoliposomes reconstituted with 3T3 membrane proteins was inhibited in the presence of a monoclonal anti-Cx43 antibody. Finally, Cx43 immunopurified to homogeneity was reconstituted in unilamellar proteoliposomes, which displayed full NAD+-transporting activity. This finding is the first evidence that connexin hemichannels can mediate transmembrane fluxes of a nucleotide in whole cells: The pleiotropy of NAD+-dependent cellular events, including redox reactions, signaling, and DNA repair, implicates Cx43 hemichannels in intercellular NAD+ trafficking, which suggests new paracrine functions of NAD.