gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactive processing of LLDPEs in corotating intermeshing twin‐screw extruder. I. Effect of peroxide treatment on polymer molecular structure (1995)

Abstract Commercial ethylene‐octene linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) polymers were reactively extruded with low levels of 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5 di( t ‐butylperoxy)hexane to modify their molecular structure and processing properties. Peroxide levels were kept low to avoid crosslinking. This article examines the effects of reactive extrusion in a corotating intermeshing extruder. Gel content analyses and examination of extruded thin tapes indicated that the products were gel‐free, but line‐broadening in high‐resolution 13 C‐NMR spectra suggested that some crosslinking did occur. Molecular weight distributions were broadened toward higher molecular weights, as expected. SEC estimates of long‐chain branching in reacted polyethylenes were consistent with the results of 13 C‐NMR analyses. Under our extrusion conditions, the products contained about one long branch per number‐average molecule. This result and data on changes in carbon‐carbon unsaturation indicate that the major chain extension mechanism is an end‐linking reaction between terminal vinyls or allylic radicals formed at chain ends and secondary radicals. Both types are produced by hydrogen abstraction on the LLDPE. All long branches originated at tertiary branch points. Changes in thermal behavior, as measured by DSC analyses, paralleled those observed by temperature‐rising elution fractionation (TREF). SEC molecular weight measurements and long‐branch determinations by SEC and 13 C‐NMR can be used to quantify the effects of peroxide treatment on the molecular structure of polyethylenes. DSC and TREF techniques, however, appear to be more sensitive than are SEC or NMR. Relatively minor variations in the degree of mixing and temperature control during reactive extrusion have noticeable effects on the molecular structures of the peroxide‐treated LLDPEs. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Arrays of surface-normal electroabsorption modulators for the generation and signal processing of microwave photonics signals (2011)

The development of an array of 16 surface-normal electroabsorption modulators operating at 1550nm is presented. The modulator array is dedicated to the generation and processing of microwave photonics signals, targeting a modulation bandwidth in excess of 5GHz. The hybrid integration of the modulator arrays on carrier chips is described. Optical and microwave characterisation and modelling of the modulator array are presented.
<title>Edge-adaptive JPEG image compression</title> (1996)

Digital image compression algorithms have become increasingly popular due to the need to achieve cost-effective solutions in transmitting and storing images. In order to meet various transmission and storage requirements, the compression algorithm should allow a range of compression ratios, thus providing images of different visual quality. This paper presents a modified JPEG algorithm that provides better visual quality than the Q-factor scaling method commonly used with JPEG implementations. The quantization step sizes are adapted to the activity level of the block, and the activity selection is based on an edge-driven quadtree decomposition of the image. This technique achieves higher visual quality than standard JPEG compression at the same bit rate.
Notes- Isolation of 1,4- and 6,3-Lactones of D-Glucaric Acid. (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Isolation of 1,4- and 6,3-Lactones of D-Glucaric Acid.R Bose, T Hullar, Bertha Lewis, and F SmithCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 4, 1300–1301Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online25 February 2003Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01063a610https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01063a610research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time-optimal control in dc-dc converters: A maximum principle perspective (2014)

In this paper, we present an analytical framework to investigate time-optimal trajectories in dc-dc buck, boost, and buck-boost converters using Pontryagin's maximum principle. Particularly, we evaluate cases where a time-optimal transfer of converter states can be achieved with a single switching action, and furthermore, determine if such a control can be uniquely synthesized.
Ruthenium Chloride as an Efficient Catalytic Precursor for Hydroarylation Reactions via C−H bond Activation (2010)

A very simple and efficient catalytic system for the hydroarylation of olefins by aromatic ketones and Michael acceptors using simple and inexpensive ruthenium trichloride as a ruthenium source is described. These very mild conditions (dioxane at 80 degrees C) appeared to be highly compatible, tolerant, and selective toward various functional groups, and the ease of the protocol is highly convenient for synthetic purposes.
FUEL-ELEMENT LEAK DETECTION (1962)

The design and operation of devices for detection and location of fuel element failure are discussed. The discussion mainly concerns an automatic chromatograph, and applications of isotopic exchange coiumns. Included are discussions concerning methods for detection of failed pool type reactor fuel elements, and application of commonly used devices to new reactors. (J.R.D.)
Parallel Image Processing Using Neural Networks: Applications in Contrast Enhancement of Medical Images (1998)

This paper describes the implementation of a parallel image processing algorithm, the aim of which is to give good contrast enhancement in real time, especially on the boundaries of an object of interest defined by a grey homogeneity (for example, an object of medical interest having a functional or morphologic homogeneity, like a bone or tumor). The implementation of a neural network algorithm which does this contrast enhancement has been done on a SIMD massively parallel machine (a MasPar of 8192 processors) and the communication between its processors has been optimized.
High patient doses in interventional cardiology due to physicians' negligence: how can they be prevented? (2008)

Interventional cardiology procedures are usually associated with high patient doses and even deterministic radiation effects may occur. Expensive digital flat panels are preferably used to lower doses, and Athens General Hospital has recently installed one. However, this study shows that it is the cardiologists' practice that lowers patients' doses. Doses delivered to patients during two time periods (pre and after radiation protection training) on a total of 1196 coronary angiographies and 506 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties were measured and analysed per cardiologist. Local reference levels (LRLs) were assessed and compared with the preliminary RLs provided by the European Research Program DIMOND. Results showed that although after the training patients' dose area product, fluoroscopy time, cumulative dose and number of images acquired were lowered, the situation remained unchanged for the cardiologist who delivered the highest doses. The question to answer next is how this bad practice can be prevented since no dose constraints apply to diagnostic or therapeutic procedures using ionising radiation.
Linear and nonlinear chip-rate minimum mean-squared-error multiuser CDMA detection (2001)

A linear Kalman filter detector for code-division multiple access proposed earlier in the literature is extended to a structure that can handle arbitrary detection delays, through the mechanism of state augmentation. Because pre-detection RAKE combining is used in the detector, it is optimal for multipath channels, unlike the previous structure that performed post-detection combining. We also derive nonlinear Kalman detectors, which approximate the highly complex nonlinear minimum mean-squared-error detector, using the concept of "additional observations." Both linear and nonlinear detectors require processing at one or more times the chip rate, and knowledge of the spreading codes of interfering users. They have the advantage over many other multiuser detection algorithms of not requiring the spreading codes to be periodic at the symbol rate, or matrix inversion. In addition, two of the detectors are able to generate and update a posteriori probabilities of the transmitted symbols, making them interesting for iterative multiuser detection.
Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity of Infectious Bronchitis Coronaviruses: Complicated Evolution and Epidemiology in China Caused by Cocirculation of Multiple Types of Infectious Bronchitis Coronaviruses (2009)

Mutations, insertions, deletions and recombination of the S1 protein gene contribute to the genetic diversity of IBV in China. Cocirculation of multiple types of IBV in field conditions in China renders its epidemiology and evolution very complicated, indicating the necessity for development of new vaccines or vaccine strategies.
Fusing Partial Camera Signals for Noncontact Pulse Rate Variability Measurement (2017)

Remote camera-based measurement of physiology has great potential for healthcare and affective computing. Recent advances in computer vision and signal processing have enabled photoplethysmography (PPG) measurement using commercially available cameras. However, there remain challenges in recovering accurate noncontact PPG measurements in the presence of rigid head motion. When a subject is moving, their face may be turned away from one camera, be obscured by an object, or move out of the frame resulting in missing observations. As the calculation of pulse rate variability (PRV) requires analysis over a time window of several minutes, the effect of missing observations on such features is deleterious. We present an approach for fusing partial color-channel signals from an array of cameras that enable physiology measurements to be made from moving subjects, even if they leave the frame of one or more cameras, which would not otherwise be possible with only a single camera. We systematically test our method on subjects ( N=25) using a set of six, 5-min tasks (each repeated twice) involving different levels of head motion. This results in validation across 25 h of measurement. We evaluate pulse rate and PRV parameter estimation including statistical, geometric, and frequency-based measures. The median absolute error in pulse rate measurements was 0.57 beats-per-minute (BPM). In all but two tasks with the greatest motion, the median error was within 0.4 BPM of that from a contact PPG device. PRV estimates were significantly improved using our proposed approach compared to an alternative not designed to handle missing values and multiple camera signals; the error was reduced by over 50%. Without our proposed method, errors in pulse rate would be very high, and estimation of PRV parameters would not be feasible due to significant data loss.
Organotin Compounds. (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleOrganotin Compounds.Robert K. Ingham, Sanders D. Rosenberg, and Henry GilmanCite this: Chem. Rev. 1960, 60, 5, 459–539Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60207a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60207a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3136Altmetric-Citations419LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multifunctional fiber-optic microwave links based on remote heterodyne detection (1998)

The multifunctionality of microwave links based on remote heterodyne detection (RHD) of signals from a dual-frequency laser transmitter is discussed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. Typically, direct detection (DD) in conjunction with optical intensity modulation is used to implement fiber-optic microwave links. The resulting links are inherently transparent. As opposed to DD links, RHD links can perform radio-system functionalities such as modulation and frequency conversion in addition to transparency. All of these three functionalities are presented and experimentally demonstrated with an RHD link based on a dual-frequency laser transmitter with two offset phase-locked semiconductor lasers. In the modulating link, a 1-Gb/s baseband signal is QPSK modulated onto a 9-GHz RF carrier. The frequency converting link demonstrates up-conversion of a 100-Mb/s PSK signal from a 2-GHz carrier to a 9-GHz carrier with penalty-free transmission over 25 km of optical fiber. Finally, the transparent link transmits a standard FM video 7.6-GHz radio-link signal over 25 km of optical fiber without measurable distortion.
Immunotype epitopes of Neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharide types 1 through 8 (1987)

Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of the eight immunotypes found in serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis were purified from their prototype strains grown in tryptic soy broth. Rabbit antisera to these LOS were prepared. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining revealed that most of the LOS antigens contained two major components; the larger components had apparent molecular weights (Mrs) in the range of 4,800 +/- 300, and the smaller components had an apparent Mr of 4,300. Immunoblot analysis showed that the larger major component of an LOS, in general, was much more immunogenic because the rabbits produced antibodies exclusively or primarily to this component even though the LOS immunogen contained both large and small major components. Antibodies to the smaller 4,300-Mr components were infrequently observed but, when present, were cross-reactive with the same-size components of all heterologous LOS. Hence, the immunotype epitopes reside in the larger major components of all immunotypes except type 5, in which a smaller major component having an apparent Mr of 4,400 carries the epitope. Rabbit antisera to types 1, 5, and 6 were immunotype specific. Antisera to other types had cross-reactivities with some heterologous LOS, and the larger components, but not the 4,300-Mr components, of the LOS were primarily responsible for the cross-reactivities. This finding suggests that the larger components of cross-reactive LOS have a similar structure in addition to their type-specific sugar moieties. The LOS of N. meningitidis M986, a strain used for the production of a serotype 2a vaccine, was found to contain the immunotype 7 epitope.
A sticky HDP-HMM with application to speaker diarization (2011)

We consider the problem of speaker diarization, the problem of segmenting an audio recording of a meeting into temporal segments corresponding to individual speakers. The problem is rendered particularly difficult by the fact that we are not allowed to assume knowledge of the number of people participating in the meeting. To address this problem, we take a Bayesian nonparametric approach to speaker diarization that builds on the hierarchical Dirichlet process hidden Markov model (HDP-HMM) of Teh et al. [J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 101 (2006) 1566–1581]. Although the basic HDP-HMM tends to over-segment the audio data—creating redundant states and rapidly switching among them—we describe an augmented HDP-HMM that provides effective control over the switching rate. We also show that this augmentation makes it possible to treat emission distributions nonparametrically. To scale the resulting architecture to realistic diarization problems, we develop a sampling algorithm that employs a truncated approximation of the Dirichlet process to jointly resample the full state sequence, greatly improving mixing rates. Working with a benchmark NIST data set, we show that our Bayesian nonparametric architecture yields state-of-the-art speaker diarization results.
Development of an indirect ELISA against African swine fever virus using two recombinant antigens, partial p22 and p30 (2022)

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal viral disease affecting pigs. It is caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), and causes serious economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, including in Korea. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for detecting anti-ASFV antibodies are used for the diagnosis and surveillance of ASF. In this study, an ELISA was developed to detect anti-ASFV antibodies using two recombinant proteins, p22 and p30, from genotype II ASFV. Recombinant transmembrane domain-deleted p22 (p22∆TM) and p30 were expressed in E.coli vector system pET32a and mixed for use as antigens in indirect ELISA. The p22∆TM/p30-based indirect ELISA was validated using 31 sera from genotype I ASFV-infected pigs and 1133 sera from uninfected pigs. Area under the curve of this test was 0.999 [95 % concentration interval 0.992-1.000], and sensitivity and specificity were 93.5 % and 99.8 %, respectively. The between run coefficient of variation for internal quality control serum was 6.61 %. In the seroconversion analysis, the p22∆TM/p30-based indirect ELISA showed equal or better ability to detect antibodies in pigs experimentally challenged with ASFV p72 genotypes I and II (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the p22∆TM/p30-based indirect ELISA is a reliable diagnostic method for detecting anti-ASFV antibodies.
Characterization of a dual biotin tag for improved single stranded DNA production (2013)

Generation of single-stranded DNA plays a key role in many biotechnology applications including production of aptamers, single strand conformation polymorphism, nuclease S1 mapping, pyrosequencing, genosensors, probe preparation and labelling, subtractive hybridization as well as nucleic acid sensing and microarrays.
The Reaction of Alkylchloroamines with Grignard Reagents (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Alkylchloroamines with Grignard ReagentsGeorge H. ColemanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 7, 3001–3005Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01334a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01334a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views445Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structures of glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1993)

Metabolic labeling studies suggest that Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains many glycoproteins that are anchored in the lipid bilayer by glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors. Membrane anchors were purified from a crude yeast membrane protein fraction and analyzed by two-dimensional 1H-1H NMR, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, compositional and methylation linkage analyses, as well as chemical and enzymatic modifications. The yeast glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors consist of the following structures: ethanolamine-PO4-6(R-2)Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-6Man alpha 1-4Glc-NH2 alpha 1-6myo-inositol-1-PO4-lipid, where R is mainly Man alpha 1- (80%) with some Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1- (15%) and Man alpha 1-3Man alpha 1- (5%). The core region of the yeast anchors (ethanolamine-PO4-6Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-6Man alpha 1-4GlcNH2 alpha 1-6myo-inositol-1-PO4) is identical to the conserved core region found in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors from protozoa and mammals. The lipid moieties of the total yeast glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors are mainly ceramides, consisting mostly of C18:0 phytosphingosine and C26:0 fatty acid. However, the lipid moiety of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of the purified ggp125 protein is a lyso- or diacylglycerol, containing C26:0 fatty acids. This suggests that yeast adds different lipid components to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors of different proteins.
Analysis of guanine nucleotide bound to <i>ras</i> protein in PC12 cells (1988)

The ras gene product (p21) specifically binds GDP or GTP. In analogy with the reaction mechanism of other GTP-binding proteins, only the GTP-bound conformation is believed to be the biologically active one. Previously, we reported that not only oncogenic p21(Val-12) but also proto-oncogenic p21(Gly-12) could induce morphological differentiation in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells when microinjected in the complexed form with GTP gamma S [(1987) Mol. Cell. Biol. 7, 4553-4556]. In the present report we transformed PC12 cells with the oncogenic ras gene placed under the metallothionein I promoter. It was found that the transformed cells, when induced with Cd2+, differentiated in the absence of NGF. Then we analyzed the guanine nucleotide bound to p21 in the intact PC12 cells. It was found that conditionally induced p21(Val-12) was mostly present in the GTP-bound form, whereas the endogenous p21(Gly-12) was in the GDP-bound form. These results indicate again that p21.GTP induces the morphological differentiation of PC12 cells.