gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Rate of Cori Cycle in Obese Subjects With NIDDM and Effect of Weight Reduction (1988)

To determine the contribution of the rate of glucose recycling via the Cori cycle (glucose----3-carbon compounds----glucose) to the higher rate of endogenous glucose production (EGPR) in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we studied eight obese, weight-stabilized diabetic Pima Indians before [93.1 +/- 5.4 kg, 38 +/- 2% body fat, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 254 +/- 11 mg/dl] and after (87.7 +/- 4.7 kg, 36 +/- 2% body fat, FPG 153 +/- 17 mg/dl) a 5-wk weight-loss diet and eight obese Indians (95.0 +/- 4.2 kg, 36 +/- 2% body fat, FPG 97 +/- 1 mg/dl) with normal glucose tolerance. EGPR and glucose recycling rate were measured during a 4-h primed continuous tracer infusion of [1-13C]glucose, and the rate of reincorporation of 1-13C of glucose into C2-6 positions in glucose was quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Substrate utilization rates were measured by simultaneous indirect calorimetry. EGPR (corrected for measured rate of recycling) decreased in the diabetic subjects from 3.80 to 2.74 mg.min-1.kg-1 fat-free mass (FFM) (P less than .01) after weight loss, approaching the rate observed in nondiabetic subjects (2.09 mg.min-1.kg-1 FFM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of the TNF- <i>α</i> and TNF- <i>β</i> Polymorphisms upon Infectious Risk and Outcome in Surgical Intensive Care Patients (2003)

The presence of the A allele at these polymorphic sites did not predispose critically ill surgical patients to either infection or septic shock.
Clinical pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of antimanic and mood-stabilizing medications. (2002)

Knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of established and putative antimanic and mood-stabilizing medications is important in administering these agents safely and effectively.
Learning Mahalanobis distance for DTW based online signature verification (2011)

Signature, a form of handwritten depiction, has been and is still widely used as a proof of the writer's identity/intent in human society. Online signatures represents the dynamic process of handwriting as a sequence of feature vectors along time. Dynamic time warping (DTW) has been popularly adopted to compare sequence data. A basic problem in using DTW for signature verification is how to estimate the difference between the feature vectors. Most previous researches made use of Euclidean distance (ED) for this problem. However, ED treats each feature equally and cannot take account of the correlations between features. To overcome this problem, this paper proposed Mahalanobis distance (MD) for signature verification. One key question is how to estimate covariance matrix in MD calculation. We formulate this problem in a learning framework and introduce two criterion for estimating the matrix. The first criteria aims at minimizing the signature difference for the same writer, while the second criteria try to maximize the signature difference between different writers while minimize the within-writer signature difference. We carried out experiments on the MCYT biometric database. The experimental results exhibit that the proposed MD based method achieved better results than ED based method.
IMU-assisted monocular visual odometry including the human walking model for wearable applications (2013)

In this paper, we present a novel approach for monocular visual odometry combined with an inertial measurement unit to estimate the human walking trajectory. The scale factor is computed from the walking speed estimation derived by the kinematic model of human walking. This model not only keeps the important characteristic in biped rolling-foot model, but also makes the speed estimation feasible using human body acceleration. A wearable and calibrated IMU-Camera device is made to mount on the center of human's waist for experimental verification. With the human walking speed and gyroscope measurement, an Unscented Kalman filter is implemented to estimate the current scale factor and refine the attitude of the camera. Experiments in an indoor environment are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Unified LISP Mapping Database for L2 and L3 Network Virtualization Overlays (2014)

The purpose of this draft is to document how the Locator/ID Separation
Protocol (LISP) Control Plane can be used to offer a unified (offering
L2 AND L3) Overlay solution that matches the framework and
requirements of Network Virtualization over L3 (NVO3). This
information is provided as input to the NVO3 analysis of the
suitability of existing IETF protocols to the NVO3 requirements.
Fabrication of GaN Hexagonal Pyramids on Dot-Patterned GaN/Sapphire Substrates via Selective Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1995)

Three-dimensional facet structure of GaN has been fabricated on dot-patterned GaN (0001)/sapphire substrates using SiO 2 masks via selective epitaxial growth by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The dot patterns are hexagons with width of 5 µ m and spacing of 10 µ m. The facet structure comprises a hexagonal pyramid covered with six {11̄01} facets. A stable and self-limited (0001) facet appears on the top, depending on growth conditions. The area of the (0001) facet increases with increasing growth temperature or with decreasing flow rate of trimethylgallium. The (0001) facet formation is determined by the diffusion length of a Ga atom on the (0001) surface.
Supersonic through-flow fan design (1987)

The NASA Lewis Research Center has embarked on a program to experimentally prove the concept of a supersonic through-flow fan which is to maintain supersonic velocities throughout the compression system with only weak shock-wave flow losses. The detailed design of a supersonic through-flow fan and estimated off-design performance with the use of advanced computational codes are described. A multistage compressor facility is being modified for the newly designed supersonic through-flow fan and the major aspects of this modification are briefly described.
Studies using fluorescent tetrahydrochrysene estrogens for in situ visualization of the estrogen receptor in living cells. (1995)

We have analyzed four fluorescent nonsteroidal estrogens for their potential to serve as vital cytological stains to visualize the estrogen receptor (ER) in a model receptor expression system. The novel estrogen fluorophores are based on the rigidified stilbene-like structure of 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene (THC), and they embody electron-donor (hydroxyl) and electron-acceptor groups (nitrile, amide, ester, or ketone) that afford efficient, long wavelength, and environment-sensitive fluorescence. These probes bind with high affinity to human ER (relative binding affinity, 22-85 vs. estradiol, 100), and they stimulate the transcriptional activity of this receptor. The strong fluorescence of the estrogenic THCs permits visualization, using conventional epifluorescence microscopy, of ER in transfected Cos-7 cells that express elevated levels of receptor. Cell staining by the donor-acceptor THCs characteristically displays a nonuniform pattern of nuclear fluorescence that can be fully inhibited by nonfluorescent estrogens such as estradiol or diethylstilbestrol. Additionally, this staining appears to be specific for ER, since it coincides with the distribution of receptor as determined by indirect immunofluorescence analysis using an ER-specific monoclonal antibody. Using these probes, we have analyzed the intracellular distribution of ER mutants containing a variety of deletions. Evidence is presented to show that removal of amino-terminal sequences within the ER polypeptide results in an altered pattern of intranuclear distribution with preferential accumulation of receptor protein within the nucleolus. These THC fluorophores therefore represent excellent probes for cytological studies involving ER expressed in cultured cells and represent an important advance toward the goal of exploiting fluorescence technology to analyze the expression and distribution of ER within tissue samples.
Lanthanide-Dependent Regulation of Methanol Oxidation Systems in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 and Their Contribution to Methanol Growth (2016)

The biological role of lanthanides is a nascent field of study with tremendous potential to impact many areas in biology. Our studies demonstrate that there is at least one additional lanthanide-dependent methanol oxidation system, distinct from the MxaFI and XoxF MeDHs, that may aid in classifying additional environmental organisms as methylotrophs. Further, our data suggest that M. extorquens AM1 has a mechanism to regulate which MeDH is transcribed, depending on the presence or absence of lanthanides. While the mechanism controlling differential regulation is not yet understood, further research into how methylotrophs obtain and use lanthanides will facilitate their cultivation in the laboratory and their use as a biomining and biorecycling strategy for recovery of these commercially valuable rare-earth elements.
Neuroinflammation alters voltage-dependent conductance in striatal astrocytes (2012)

Neuroinflammation has the capacity to alter normal central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and function. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of an inflammatory milieu on the electrophysiological properties of striatal astrocyte subpopulations with a mouse bacterial brain abscess model. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in striatal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-green fluorescent protein (GFP)(+) astrocytes neighboring abscesses at postinfection days 3 or 7 in adult mice. Cell input conductance (G(i)) measurements spanning a membrane potential (V(m)) surrounding resting membrane potential (RMP) revealed two prevalent astrocyte subsets. A1 and A2 astrocytes were identified by negative and positive G(i) increments vs. V(m), respectively. A1 and A2 astrocytes displayed significantly different RMP, G(i), and cell membrane capacitance that were influenced by both time after bacterial exposure and astrocyte proximity to the inflammatory site. Specifically, the percentage of A1 astrocytes was decreased immediately surrounding the inflammatory lesion, whereas A2 cells were increased. These changes were particularly evident at postinfection day 7, revealing increased cell numbers with an outward current component. Furthermore, RMP was inversely modified in A1 and A2 astrocytes during neuroinflammation, and resting G(i) was increased from 21 to 30 nS in the latter. In contrast, gap junction communication was significantly decreased in all astrocyte populations associated with inflamed tissues. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the heterogeneity of striatal astrocyte populations, which experience distinct electrophysiological modifications in response to CNS inflammation.
A comparative evaluation of genetic and gradient-based algorithms applied to aerodynamic optimization (2008)

A genetic algorithm is compared with a gradient-based (adjoint) algorithm in the context of several aerodynamic shape optimization problems. The examples include singlepoint and multipoint optimization problems, as well as the computation of a Pareto front. The results demonstrate that both algorithms converge reliably to the same optimum. Depending on the nature of the problem, the number of design variables, and the degree of convergence, the genetic algorithm requires from 5 to 200 times as many function evaluations as the gradientbased algorithm.
Mutational analysis of yeast vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. (1991)

Yeast mutants in which genes encoding subunits of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase were interrupted were assayed for their vacuolar ATPase and proton-uptake activities. The vacuoles from the mutants lacking subunits A (72 kDa), B (57 kDa), or c (proteolipid, 16 kDa) were completely inactive in these reactions. Immunological studies revealed that in the absence of each one of those subunits the catalytic sector was not assembled. Labeling with N,N'-[14C]dicyclohexylcarbodiimide showed the presence of the proteolipid in vacuoles of mutants in which genes encoding subunits of the catalytic sectors were interrupted. No labeling was detected in the mutant in which the gene encoding the proteolipid was interrupted. We conclude that of all the ATPase subunits only the proteolipid is assembled independently and it serves as a template for the assembly of the other subunits. Site-specific mutations were generated in the gene encoding the proteolipid. All of the drastic changes and replacements gave inactive proteins. About half of the single amino acid replacements gave active proteins. Replacing glutamic acid-137 by any of several amino acids, except for aspartic acid, abolished the activity of the enzyme. Other amino acids that may function in proton conductance were changed. It was found that glycine residues may replace amino acids with exchangeable protons.
Congo red binding phenotype is associated with hemin binding and increased infectivity of Shigella flexneri in the HeLa cell model (1987)

Wild-type isolates of Shigella flexneri bind the dye Congo red from solid media, thus producing red (Crb+) colonies. Mutants which fail to bind the dye produce white colonies (Crb-) and are avirulent in a variety of systems. In S. flexneri the ability to bind Congo red correlates with the ability to bind hemin and protoporphyrin IX. Binding of hemin by Crb+ S. flexneri was observed both in solid media and in liquid assays. Results of competition experiments suggest that Congo red and hemin bind to the same site on the bacterial cell and are retained on the cell surface. Binding of hemin by Crb+ S. flexneri is independent of hemin transport since both Crb+ and Crb- cells can utilize hemin as a sole source of iron. Both Crb- and Crb- organisms were able to grow in HeLa cell lysates, indicating that the gene(s) that is responsible for Congo red binding does not play a role in the acquisition of intracellular heme iron. By using the HeLa cell invasion system, the effect of hemin prebinding on the invasiveness of Crb+ S. flexneri was determined. Crb+ cells which had prebound hemin exhibited increased invasiveness, indicating a possible role for the crb gene product in the initial stages of invasion by S. flexneri.
Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives. I (1963)

Condensation of aminoquinoline derivatives (III, IV, XII, XX) with N, N-dimethyl-2-chloroacetamide affords glycinamide-type quinoline derivatives (V, VI, XIII, XXI) and addition of a small quantity of potassium iodide in this reaction markedly increases the yield. Acetylation of V, VI, XIII, and XXI so formed with acetic anhydride afforded the acetylated compounds (VII, VIII, XIV, XXII) which were far more soluble in water than the starting materials. The use of N, N-dimethyl-2-bromopropionamide in place of N, N-dimethyl-2-chloroacetamide failed to give the condensation product in majority of cases except for XII which formed the objective condensate XV. 2-Phenylcinchoninic acid (XXIII) was derived to its acid chloride (XXIV) or ester (XXV) and condensed with glycine derivatives to obtain the amino acid amide derivatives (XXVI, XXVII, XXIX) of XXIII.
Design solutions for the Bulldozer 32nm SOI 2-core processor module in an 8-core CPU (2011)

AMD's 2-core "Bulldozer" module contains 213 million transistors in an 11 metal layer 32nm HKMG SOI CMOS process and is designed to operate from 0.8 to 1.3V. This new micro-architecture improves performance and frequency while reducing area and power compared to a previous AMD x86-64 CPU in the same process. To achieve these goals, the design reduced the number of F04 inverter delays/cycle by more than 20%, achieving higher frequencies in the same power envelope even with increased core counts. The 2-core CPU module area (including 2MB L2 cache) is 30.9mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The Bulldozer micro-architecture is cycle-based, using soft-edge flip-flops (SEF) to provide high-frequency performance, process variation tolerance, and low power consumption.
Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis for Human Fecal Microbiota and Its Application for Analysis of Complex Bifidobacterial Communities (2003)

Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis was used to characterize and compare human fecal microbiota among individuals. T-RFLP patterns of fecal 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) PCR products from three adults revealed host-specific bacterial communities and were in good agreement with those reported in our previous study. In addition, we applied T-RFLP analysis for the analysis of complex bifidobacterial communities in human fecal samples. The developed method based on Bifidobacterium genus-specific PCR and T-RFLP could identify more than one bifidobacterial species. T-RFLP patterns of Bifidobacterium genus-specific PCR products from the fecal samples were host-specific as well as those of fecal 16S rDNA PCR products. These results were confirmed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with primers specific for the genus Bifidobacterium and Bifidobacterium species- and group-specific PCR. Our study demonstrates that T-RFLP analysis is useful for assessment of the diversity of the human fecal microbiota and rapid comparison of the community structure among individuals, and that the applied method is useful for rapid and sensitive analysis of bifidobacterial community.
Compiling complex database transition triggers (1989)

This paper presents a language for specifying database updates, queries and rule triggers, and describes how triggers can be compiled into an efficient mechanism. The rule language allows specification of both state and transition constraints as special cases, but is more general than either. The implementation we describe compiles rules and updates independently of each other. Thus rules can be added or deleted without recompiling any update program and vice versa.
Effects of amiloride analogues on Na+ transport in toad bladder membrane vesicles. Evidence for two electrogenic transporters with different affinities toward pyrazinecarboxamides. (1987)

Most of the electrical potential-driven 22Na+ uptake in toad bladder membrane vesicles can be blocked by the diuretic amiloride. Analysis of the amiloride inhibition curve indicates the presence of two pathways with low and high affinities to the diuretic (Garty, H. (1984) J. Membr. Biol. 82, 269-279). The selectivity of these pathways to amiloride was explored by comparing the inhibition curve of this diuretic with those of 10 of its structural analogues. The relative potencies of various amiloride-like compounds as blockers of the flux component with high affinity to amiloride were in good agreement with the structure-activity relationships elucidated from transepithelial short-circuit current measurements. Thus, this pathway is most probably the apical Na+-specific channel. The other pathway with lower affinity to the diuretic was relatively insensitive to modifications of the amiloride molecule, and the structure-activity relationships measured for the inhibition of this pathway were different from those reported for any other amiloride-blockable process. Other experiments have established that the Na+ flux with low affinity to amiloride is electrogenic and is not mediated by a Na+/H+ or Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, Na+-hexose cotransporter, or the Na+/K+-ATPase. The data indicate that tracer flux measurements in toad bladder membrane vesicles monitor, in addition to the well-characterized apical Na+ channels, another amiloride-blockable electrogenic Na+ transporter. This pathway could be responsible for the basolateral amiloride-blockable Na+ conductance recently observed in nystatin-treated bladders (Garty, H., Warncke, J., and Lindemann, B. (1987) J. Membr. Biol. 95, 91-103).
Model to develop a provision for adverse deviation (PAD) for the mortality risk of impaired lives (2007)

This study recognizes the main components of mortality risk and treats them separately to develop a model to calculate a provision for adverse deviation(PAD). Life annuities and other long-term living benefits are the most important insurance products involving longevity risk. There are no standard mortality tables for impaired annuitants, especially for those with chronic medical conditions. Therefore it is difficult to capture longevity risk using traditional mortality projection methods. The first two chapters explain background. In Chapter 3, we develop our model. Chapter 4 examines two applications using real-world data. The PAD model can be used for any impaired insurance products where initial underwriting is necessary. ^
TNF promotes metastasis by impairing natural killer cell activity (1996)

Inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 enhance tumor colony formation in different models of experimental and spontaneous metastasis. The involvement of the natural killer (NK) cell system in this process was investigated. Tumor necrosis factor does not appear to act directly on tumor cells by reducing their susceptibility to the cytotoxic action of NK cells but rather impairs NK activity in tumor-bearing mice. Such impairment of the natural killer system might be one means by which TNF supports tumor colony formation. Even though the metastasis- enhancing effect of TNF remained detectable in mice which have a greatly reduced NK cell cytotoxic activity due to a defect in the bg locus, normal mice which were depleted of NK cells by antibody treatment did not show enhanced metastasis after TNF injection. Therefore, the TNF-enhanced metastasis can only be seen as long as some NK cell function is operating in the animals.
Plasma Lithography Surface Patterning for Creation of Cell Networks (2011)

Systematic manipulation of a cell microenvironment with micro- and nanoscale resolution is often required for deciphering various cellular and molecular phenomena. To address this requirement, we have developed a plasma lithography technique to manipulate the cellular microenvironment by creating a patterned surface with feature sizes ranging from 100 nm to millimeters. The goal of this technique is to be able to study, in a controlled way, the behaviors of individual cells as well as groups of cells and their interactions. This plasma lithography method is based on selective modification of the surface chemistry on a substrate by means of shielding the contact of low-temperature plasma with a physical mold. This selective shielding leaves a chemical pattern which can guide cell attachment and movement. This pattern, or surface template, can then be used to create networks of cells whose structure can mimic that found in nature and produces a controllable environment for experimental investigations. The technique is well suited to studying biological phenomenon as it produces stable surface patterns on transparent polymeric substrates in a biocompatible manner. The surface patterns last for weeks to months and can thus guide interaction with cells for long time periods which facilitates the study of long-term cellular processes, such as differentiation and adaption. The modification to the surface is primarily chemical in nature and thus does not introduce topographical or physical interference for interpretation of results. It also does not involve any harsh or toxic substances to achieve patterning and is compatible for tissue culture. Furthermore, it can be applied to modify various types of polymeric substrates, which due to the ability to tune their properties are ideal for and are widely used in biological applications. The resolution achievable is also beneficial, as isolation of specific processes such as migration, adhesion, or binding allows for discrete, clear observations at the single to multicell level. This method has been employed to form diverse networks of different cell types for investigations involving migration, signaling, tissue formation, and the behavior and interactions of neurons arraigned in a network.