gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyisoprenyl phosphate specificity of UDP-GIcNAc:undecaprenyl phosphate N-acetylglucosaminyl 1-P transferase from <i>E.coli</i> (1997)

N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminylpyrophosphorylundecaprenol (GlcNAc-P-P-Und), an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the enterobacterial common antigen in E.coli and some O-antigen chains in gram-negative bacteria, is formed by the transfer of GlcNAc 1-P from UDP-GlcNAc to Und-P, analogous to the reaction forming GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol (GlcNAc-P-P-Dol) in mammalian cells. Since the microsomal enzyme from animal cells exhibits a strong preference for Dol-P, which contains a saturated alpha-isoprene unit, the polyisoprenyl phosphate specificity of the homologous bacterial enzyme was characterized. The enzyme remained bound to the membrane fraction when spheroplasts, formed by lysozyme-EDTA treatment, were lysed in hypotonic buffer. GlcNAc-P-P-Und synthase (GPT) activity was elevated in a strain of E.coli bearing the rfe gene, which encodes GPT on a multicopy plasmid, and virtually absent from rfe null mutants. GPT actively utilized fully unsaturated polyprenyl phosphate (Poly-P) substrates with maximal activity seen with (C55) Und-P, but was unable to utilize (C55)Dol-P. This substrate specificity contrasts with the microsomal GPT from pig brain, which actively utilized (C55)Dol-P, but not Und-P, as substrate. GPT activity bound to particulate fractions from three strains of bacilli also exhibited a strict preference for fully unsaturated Poly-P substrates. Unexpectedly, E.coli GPT activity cofractionated with the cytosolic marker enzyme, beta-galactosidase, and not the membrane-bound enzyme, D-lactate dehydrogenase, in cells disrupted in a French pressure cell. The properties and polyisoprenyl phosphate specificity of the soluble form of GPT were identical to the activity associated with the membrane preparations obtained from spheroplasts. The evolutionary and functional significance of the use of polyisoprenyl glycosyl carrier lipids with saturated alpha-isoprene units in eukaryotes remains uncertain.
Lesson of the week: Oxybutynin and cognitive dysfunction (1997)

postures, highly repetitive work, psychological attributes of the work) and difficulties in treatment and management are still debated today.
Reducing Uncertainty in Calibrating Aquifer Flow Model with Multiple Scales of Heterogeneity (2013)

Modeling and calibration of natural aquifers with multiple scales of heterogeneity is a challenging task due to limited subsurface access. While computer modeling plays an essential role in aquifer studies, large uncertainty exists in developing a conceptual model of an aquifer and in calibrating the model for decision making. Due to uncertainties such as a lack of understanding of subsurface processes and a lack of techniques to parameterize the subsurface environment (including hydraulic conductivity, source/sink rate, and aquifer boundary conditions), existing aquifer models often suffer nonuniqueness in calibration, leading to poor predictive capability. A robust calibration methodology is needed that can address the simultaneous estimations of aquifer parameters, source/sink, and boundary conditions. In this paper, we propose a multistage and multiscale approach that addresses subsurface heterogeneity at multiple scales, while reducing uncertainty in estimating the model parameters and model boundary conditions. The key to this approach lies in the appropriate development, verification, and synthesis of existing and new techniques of static and dynamic data integration. In particular, based on a given set of observation data, new inversion techniques can be first used to estimate aquifer large-scale effective parameters and smoothed boundary conditions, based on which parameter and boundary condition estimation can be refined at increasing detail using standard or highly parameterized estimation techniques.
A Kinetic Study of Bovine Adrenal Tyrosine Hydroxylase (1966)

Abstract Kinetic data are presented which are consistent with the concept that the mechanism of tyrosine hydroxylase involves the following sequential steps: (a) reduction of an oxidized form of the enzyme by 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine (DMPH4) followed by dissociation of the oxidized pteridine, and (b) aerobic oxidation of tyrosine, producing 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) and the oxidized form of the enzyme. This concept is supported by studies of the effects of the substrates on initial velocities as well as by the use of dopa and analogues of substrates and products as inhibitors. Tyrosine and its analogues bind to a reduced form of the enzyme, while dopa and its analogues bind to an oxidized form of the enzyme. Deviations from this pattern occur at concentrations several times the Michaelis constant. At such concentrations tyrosine and its analogues can be bound to an oxidized form of the enzyme, while dopa and its analogues and DMPH4 can be bound to a reduced form of the enzyme.
Bird species diversity and guild structure of a tropical fallow ricefield (1979)

Because avian community organization of tropical wetland habitats in Amazonia is not well known, we conducted a preliminary study on a two-year old fallow rice field in coastal Guyana. Census of the field during July and August, 1974 found 31 diurnal species, a bird species diversity (H') of 3.22 and evenness (r) of 0.94. These values are probably the highest recorded. for a tropical non forested area. Community foraging utilization was diverse. Insectivores and omnivores dominated the primary food habit types but carnivorous, granivorous and nectivorous species were also represented. The bird community was dominated by species utilizing ground and water substrates for foraging and foliage gleaning was the dominant form of 8 types of foraging behavior recorded. Eighteen foraging guilds were found. Nine (50%) were represented by only 1 species. Factors accounting for high bird species diversity and guild richness are discussed. We propose high diversity in bird species and foraging utilization are the consequence of a highly productive system and the instability of adjacent habitats.
Using markers in gene introgression breeding programs. (1992)

We investigate the use of markers to hasten the recovery of the recipient genome during an introgression breeding program. The effects of time and intensity of selection, population size, number and position of selected markers are studied for chromosomes either carrying or not carrying the introgressed gene. We show that marker assisted selection may lead to a gain in time of about two generations, an efficiency below previous theoretical predictions. Markers are most useful when their map position is known. In the early generations, it is shown that increasing the number of markers over three per non-carrier chromosome is not efficient, that the segment surrounding the introgressed gene is better controlled by rather distant markers unless high selection intensity can be applied, and that selection on this segment first can reduce the selection intensity available for selection on non-carrier chromosomes. These results are used to propose an optimal strategy for selection on the whole genome, making the most of available material and conditions (e.g., population size and fertility, genetic map).
Micropylar Pollen Tube Guidance by Egg Apparatus 1 of Maize (2005)

Pollen tube guidance precedes the double fertilization of flowering plants. Here, we report the identification of a small maize protein of 94 amino acids involved in short-range signaling required for pollen tube attraction by the female gametophyte. ZmEA1 is exclusively expressed in the egg apparatus, consisting of the egg cell and two synergids. Chimeric ZmEA1 fused to green fluorescent protein (ZmEA1:GFP) was first visible within the filiform apparatus and later was localized to nucellar cell walls below the micropylar opening of the ovule. Transgenic down-regulation of the ZmEA1 gene led to ovule sterility caused by loss of close-range pollen tube guidance to the micropyle.
Editorial overview: Prostaglandins and the epithelial response to radiation injury in the intestine (2004)

Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO Correspondence to William F. Stenson, Division of Gastroenterology, Box 8124, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63124 Tel: 314 362 8952; fax: 314 362 9035; e-mail: [email protected]
Human antibodies against amyloid β peptide: A potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (2002)

Naturally occurring antibodies directed against beta-amyloid (Abeta) were detected in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. After intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in patients with different neurological diseases, total Abeta and Abeta(1-42) in the cerebrospinal fluid was reduced significantly compared with baseline values. In the serum, total Abeta levels increased after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, whereas no significant change was observed in Abeta(1-42) levels. Antibodies against Abeta were found to be increased in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. This study provides evidence that intravenous immunoglobulin or purified Abeta antibodies may modify Abeta and Abeta(1-42) levels, suggesting potential utility as a therapy for Alzheimer disease.
A Carbon Nanotube Film for Power Harvesting (2006)

This paper experimentally investigates the power generation property of carbon nanotubes in an aqueous environment. Carbon nanotube based films are investigated in this paper as a new method for power generation based on ionic conductivity of the fluid. It is demonstrated that a carbon nanotube film that is bonded onto a structure vibrating with an electrolyte on the surface produces an alternating current without a net fluid flow. The power produced is smaller than for a piezoelectric material of the same size, but the CNT power generator is lightweight and has no moving parts, and does not require the structure to be immersed in an electrolyte. There are various possible applications for nanotube power generators.
Inhibition of surgically induced miosis and prevention of postoperative macular edema with nepafenac (2009)

Prophylactic use of nepafenac was effective in reducing macular edema after cataract surgery and in maintaining trans-operative mydriasis.
June 15, 1909 (1909)

June 15, on the upper border of the larger chela, there being here, no transverse groove, by the stouter shape of the smaller chela, by the dactyli of the 3rd and.following legs being armed with two accessory claws, etc.
Modes of operation and radiation sensitivity of ultrathin SOI transistors (1990)

Improved short-channel behavior, reduced subthreshold slopes, and mobility enhancements previously observed in NMOS transistors made in thin, fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) films are discussed. These results were obtained with the back interface held in depletion during operation. It is shown from basic principles of device operation that the observed performance improvements are sensitive to the applied substrate voltage. In addition, the exposure of the back interface to the surface depletion region in these devices makes the transistor performance sensitive to radiation-induced charging effects at the back interface. The anticipated effects of radiation on threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, and mobility in ultrathin, fully depleted SOI transistors are discussed, and an estimate is made of the expected radiation sensitivity of these parameters for a typical ultrathin SOI technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low power FMCW radar system for level gaging (2002)

A novel low-power microwave sensor for level gaging in storage tanks has been developed. By using a PLL-controlled gated oscillator this FMCW radar can be operated in a standard 4-20 mA loop without additional supply power. The chosen system design features a fast settling time of the oscillators to achieve a quasi-continuous frequency sweep, resulting in a precise, stable and reliable level measuring system.
A C1069G SNP of the MC4R gene and its association with economic traits in Korean native cattle (brown, brindle, and black) (2013)

Background: The melanocortin-4 receptor gene ( MC4R ) plays an important role in regulating food intake and body weight in mammals. In the present study, we identified the MC4R gene in native Korean brown, brindle, and black cattle by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and investigated its association with economic traits. A total of 413 cattle from the three breeds were tested for backfat thickness, carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, and marbling score, and statistical data were analyzed using the SAS program. Results: The C allele had the highest frequency in brown and brindle cattle, and the G allele frequency was highest in black cattle. The C1069G SNP was significantly ( p Conclusions: These results suggest that a C1069G SNP of the MC4R gene may be useful as a genetic marker for marbling scores in Korean brown and brindle cattle.
Factors Affecting the Durability of Ti-6Al-4V/Epoxy Bonds (1989)

Abstract Factors influencing the durability of Ti-6Al-4V/epoxy interphases were studied by determining chemical and physical properties of Ti-6Al-4V adherend surfaces and by characterizing the strength and durability of Ti-6Al-4V/epoxy bonds. Ti-6Al-4V adherend surfaces were oxidized either by chemical etch or anodization. Four principal pretreatments were studied: chromic acid anodization (CAA), sodium hydroxide anodization (SHA), phosphate fluoride acid etch (P/F) and TURCO basic etch (TURCO). The oxides were characterized by SEM, STEM, profilometry, contact angles and XPS. All adhesive bonding was carried out using a structural epoxy, FM-300U. Both lap shear and wedge test samples were tested in hot, wet environments. The results lead to the conclusion that the interfacial area between the adhesive and adherend is the primary factor affecting bond durability.
Scandium Trifluoromethanesulfonate. A Novel Catalyst for Friedel-Crafts Acylation (1994)

Scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sc(OTf)3) was found to be a novel catalyst for Friedel-Crafts acylation. The reactions of substituted benzenes with acid chlorides or anhydrides proceeded smoothly even in the presence of a catalytic amount of Sc(OTf)3. While Sc(OTf)3 is a reusable catalyst similar to lanthanide trifluoromethanesulfonates, its catalytic activity is much higher than that of lanthanide analogs.
Onchocerciasis In Endemic And Nonendemic Populations: Differences In Clinical Presentation And Immunologic Findings (1994)

To characterize the clinical and laboratory features of onchocerciasis in visitors to endemic areas and to compare them with those seen in endemic subjects, 20 returned visitors and 21 endemic subjects with onchocerciasis were evaluated. Dermatitis was the most frequent clinical finding among the returned visitors. None had nodules or eye disease and, in contrast to the endemic subjects, microfiladermia was often absent or of low density. All persons studied had antibody responses measurable by ELISA to both soluble Onchocerca volvulus antigen and a panel of diagnostic recombinant antigens. Eosinophil and IgE levels were significantly higher in the endemic group, as was the capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from this group to produce the T helper cell-like cytokines interleukin-4 and -5. It is likely that the chronicity and intensity of infection in endemic subjects account for the clinical and immunologic differences observed between the 2 groups.
Anal canal pressures are low in women with postpartum anal fissure (1997)

Postpartum anal fissure is associated with reduced anal canal pressures, and surgical interference with the anal sphincter mechanism should be avoided.
Cloning and expression of full length mouse utrophin: the differential association of utrophin and dystrophin with AChR clusters (1996)

We have cloned and sequenced mouse utrophin cDNA, and successfully expressed full length utrophin (400 kDa) in both muscle and non-muscle cells. The expression of recombinant utrophin is compared with that of its homologue, dystrophin (427 kDa). We demonstrate that recombinant utrophin is targeted into agrin-induced acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters, while recombinant dystrophin is evenly distributed along cell membranes in cultured Sol 8 muscle cells. This observation suggests that utrophin and dystrophin may interact with different cytoskeletal proteins. The C-terminal domains are found to be responsible for the association of utrophin with AChR clusters.
Inhibition of Growth of Morris Hepatomas 7777 and 7800 by Corn Oil (1977)

Intraperitoneal injection of trace amounts of corn oil prior to and following the injection of 40-50 mg of tissue from hepatoma 7777 or 7800 into the thigh of adult male Buffalo rats resulted in a marked decrease in the growth rate of both tumors. Exhaustive extraction of the corn oil with water indicated that the active component was not water soluble. Similar injections of safflower oil or isotonic saline had no effect on tumor growth rate. Analysis of the tissue phospholipid fatty acids revealed that the injected corn oil caused no change in the esterified fatty acids in this lipid fraction.
A Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of a New Injectable Formula of Sodium Phenobarbital Containing No Additives for the Treatment of Neonatal Seizures (2011)

Aims: A new phenobarbital preparation for injection containing no additives (NOBELBAR®) was developed in Japan for safer use in neonates with seizures. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of NOBELBAR® for the treatment of neonatal seizures.Methods: This investigator-initiated clinical trial was an open-label, uncontrolled, multicenter study, conducted in compliance with the good clinical practice. Phenobarbital was initially administered intravenously at a loading dose of 20 mg/kg. An additional dose of 20 mg/kg was given if the seizures did not resolve. The primary efficacy was evaluated 30 minutes after the administration of the loading dose. Infants who responded to the loading administration received maintenance therapy with 2.5 to 5 mg/kg intravenous phenobarbital once daily for 6 days.Results: NOBELBAR® was administered to 10 neonates with seizures. The primary efficacy was evaluated as complete response in all patients. Adverse events were reported in 9 of the 10 patients (90%), most of which were mild. Plasma phenobarbital concentrations ranged from 18.7 to 45.3 μg/mL.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that NOBELBAR® was effective for the control of neonatal seizures, and plasma drug concentrations were maintained within the therapeutic range. Approved for manufacturing and marketing was obtained based on the results of this study and other relevant data.(Clinical Trials. number, UMIN-C000000410, JMA-II A00002.)
Tumor cell invasion through matrigel is regulated by activated matrix metalloproteinase-2. (1998)

We tested the hypothesis that there is a correlation between tumor cell efficiency in activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and invasion through basement membrane-like Matrigel barriers. To generate cells capable of MMP-2 activation, we stably transfected three human tumor cell lines, HT-1080 fibrosarcoma, MCF7 breast carcinoma, and U251.3 glioma with cDNA encoding the full length human membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1. Our results show a bimodal correlation between the extent of MMP-2 activation and Matrigel invasion by tumor cells. Cell transfectants characterized by a partial activation of MMP-2 were the most invasive while those with an extensive conversion of MMP-2 proenzyme into enzymatically active forms were the least efficient in invading Matrigel. Modulation of MMP-2 activation by exogenous TIMP-2 reverted the rate of Matrigel invasion by cell transfectants to control levels. We conclude that the regulation of activated MMP-2 in the tumor cells, microenvironment may be critical in facilitating tumor cell invasiveness.
Evaluation of the 2‐(1‐Hexyloxyethyl)‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide (HPPH) mediated photodynamic therapy by macroscopic singlet oxygen modeling (2016)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is known as a non-invasive treatment modality that is based on photochemical reactions between oxygen, photosensitizer, and a special wavelength of light. However, a dosimetric predictor for PDT outcome is still elusive because current dosimetric quantities do not account for the differences in the PDT oxygen consumption rate for different fluence rates. In this study, we evaluate several dose metrics, total fluence, photobleaching ratio, PDT dose, and mean reacted singlet oxygen (mean [<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ]<sub>rx</sub> ) for predicting the PDT outcome and a clinically relevant tumor re-growth endpoint. For this reason, radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) mice tumors are treated with 2-(1-Hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide (HPPH) and different in-air fluences (30 J/cm<sup>2</sup> , 50 J/cm<sup>2</sup> , 135 J/cm<sup>2</sup> , 250 J/cm<sup>2</sup> , and 350 J/cm<sup>2</sup> ) and in-air fluence rates (20, 50, 75, 150 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> ). Explicit measurements of HPPH and oxygen concentration as well as tissue optical properties are performed pre- and post-treatment. Then, this information is incorporated into a macroscopic model to calculate the photobleaching, PDT dose, and mean [<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ]<sub>rx</sub> . Changes in tumor volume are tracked following the treatment and compared with the dose metrics. The correlation demonstrates that mean [<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ]<sub>rx</sub> serves as a better dosimetric quantity for predicting treatment outcome and a clinically relevant tumor re-growth endpoint.
ChemInform Abstract: ERYTHROMYCIN DERIVATIVES. PART VIII. 9‐DIHYDROERYTHROMYCIN A CYCLIC 11,12‐CARBONATE (1976)

Abstract Erythromycin A (I) wird mit NaBH 4 selektiv in 9‐Stellung zu dem 9‐Hydroxy‐Derivat (IIa) reduziert, dessen Reaktion mit Äthylencarbonat das cyclische Carbonat (IIb) liefert.
Thermal stabilization by polyols of β-xylanase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1998)

Purified endo-β-1,4-xylanase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MIR 32 retained 100% of its activity after 4 days of incubation at 50°C. Sorbitol (400 mg cm−3) produced a 63-fold increase in the half-life of the enzyme at 65°C, which was only 29 min at this temperature in the absence of the polyol. This thermal stabilizing activity increased exponentially in respect to sorbitol concentration in the range 250–400 mg cm−3 and was dependent on the pH, showing a maximum at pH values between 5·25 and 8·0. The circular dichroism (CD) thermal scanning profile (50°C h−1) at 224 nm showed that changes in the secondary structure of xylanase started at 65°C, while in the presence of sorbitol (400 mg cm−3) these modifications started at 80°C. This study indicated that sorbitol might be a valuable stabilizer for the use of β-xylanase from B. amyloliquefaciens at high temperatures. © 1998 SCI
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Research: An Annotated Bibliography (2001)

Despite growing interest, publications on ERP systems within the academic Information Systems community, as reflected by contributions to journals and international conferences, is only now emerging. This article provides an annotated bibliography of the ERP publications published in the main Information Systems journals and conferences and reviews the state of the ERP art. The publications surveyed are categorized through a framework that is structured in phases that correspond to the different stages of an ERP system lifecycle within an organization. We also present topics for further research in each phase.