gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor-β control of cell-substratum adhesion during avian neural crest cell emigration in vitro (1992)

It has been proposed that, in higher vertebrates, the onset of neural crest cell migration from the neural tube involves spatially and temporally coordinated changes in cellular adhesiveness that are under the control of external signals released in the extracellular milieu by neighboring tissues. In the present study, we have analyzed the dynamics of changes in cell-substratum adhesiveness during crest cell emigration and searched for regulatory cues using an in vitro model system. This model is based on the fact that, in vivo, crest cell dispersion occurs gradually along a rostrocaudal wave, allowing us to explant portions of the neural axis, termed migratory and premigratory levels, that differ in the time in culture at which neural crest cells initiate migration and in the locomotory behavior of the cells. We found that neural crest cell emigration is not triggered by the main extracellular matrix molecules present in the migratory pathways, as none of these molecules could abolish the intrinsic difference in the timing of emigration between the different axial levels. Using an in vitro adhesion assay, we found that presumptive neural crest cells from premigratory level explants gradually acquired the ability to respond to extracellular matrix material with time in culture, suggesting that acquisition of appropriate, functional integrin receptors was a necessary step for migration. Finally, we showed that members of the transforming growth factor-beta family reduced in a dose-dependent manner the delay of neural crest cell emigration from premigratory level explants and were able to increase significantly the substratum-adhesion properties of crest cells. Our results suggest that acquisition of substratum adhesion by presumptive neural crest cells is a key event during their dispersion from the neural tube in vitro, and that members of the transforming growth factor-beta family may act as potent inducers of crest cell emigration, possibly by increasing the substratum adhesion of the cells.
Design of a Portable Position, Velocity, and Resistance Meter (PVRM) for Convenient Clinical Evaluation of Spasticity or Rigidity (2017)

Spasticity is a common consequence of the upper motor neuron syndrome and usually associated with brain lesion, stroke, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, and etc. On the other hand, rigidity is a neuromuscular disorder often found in Parkinson’s disease patients. Both of spasticity and rigidity are characterized by abnormal hypertonic muscle behaviors that will cause discomfort and hinder daily activities. Worldwide, the estimated affected population of spasticity is around 12 million [1], and rigidity affects more than 10 million people [2]. Clinical evaluation of spasticity or rigidity involves personal assessment using qualitative scales, such as the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) or Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) for spasticity and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) for rigidity. However, this evaluation method heavily relies on the rater’s personal experience/interpretation and usually results in poor consistency and low reliability. The goal of this design was to develop a quantitative measurement device that can be used to assist clinical evaluation of spasticity or rigidity. This portable device, the Position, Velocity, and Resistance Meter (PVRM), can be strapped around a patient’s limb to measure angular position, angular velocity and muscle resistance of a given joint while the patient’s limb is passively stretched by the clinician. Acquiring this quantitative data from patients will not only allow clinicians to make more reliable assessments but also help researchers gain additional insights into the quantification of spasticity and rigidity.
Viral Infections and the Development of Asthma (1995)

The possible role of viral infections in the inception of asthma has been the matter of considerable debate. Older data suggested that viral respiratory infections occurring during early life could alter the lungs and the immune system, thus starting the process leading to allergic sensitization and persistent bronchial responsiveness. More recent studies suggest that infants who wheeze belong to two distinct groups, which at present can only be differentiated by the evolution of their illness. Most of these infants have a transitory tendency to wheeze during viral infections, and their lung function shortly after birth is significantly lower than that of infants who will not wheeze during similar infections. Most of these children become symptom-free during the preschool years, and their condition is not associated with higher serum IgE levels. A smaller group of children who wheeze as infants will still have wheezing episodes during the early school years. The factors that determine which infants will become persistent wheezers are not well understood, but viral infections per se are likely to play a minor role, if any. Early sensitization to aeroallergens in subjects genetically predisposed to having high serum IgE levels seems to be the main risk factor for this condition.
Preparation of azetidines from 1,3-aminopropanols (1984)

The preparation of 1,3-amino alcohols by the reduction of azetidin-2-ones with diborane is described. New methods for the cyclisation of the aminopropanols to the corresponding azetidines are reported; these methods centre on the use of a modified Mitsunobu reaction.
RESPONSE OF APPLE TREES TO AMINOETHOXYVINYLGLYCINE (AVG) WITH EMPHASIS ON APICAL DOMINANCE, FRUIT SET, AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF FRUIT THINNING CHEMICALS (1981)

ISHS Symposium on Growth Regulators in Fruit Production RESPONSE OF APPLE TREES TO AMINOETHOXYVINYLGLYCINE (AVG) WITH EMPHASIS ON APICAL DOMINANCE, FRUIT SET, AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF FRUIT THINNING CHEMICALS
Using volatile state storage for substantial improvement in RFID throughput (2005)

One of the major problems facing RFID systems today is that of tags not being read, resulting in reduced tag identification rates. This is more likely to happen as large number of tags is present in a small enclosure. We examine one of the causes for missed tags, namely coupling between adjacent tags. We present a theoretical explanation for the cause of coupling between tags and the mechanism by which it causes tags not to be identified. The concept of using a volatile state storage cell is examined. We study how state storage helps to eliminate missed tags, using the ISO 18000-6B protocol as an illustrative example. Experimental results using chips that have state storage capability are presented and we compare identification rates with and without using state storage. It is seen that when state storage is used, all tags are identified and is vastly superior to tag identification without state storage. For the first time, we present results showing how indispensable the concept of state storage is for passive RFID operation. The concept is readily extended to any protocol for passive RFID operation.
Laser-Based Acceleration of Nonrelativistic Electrons at a Dielectric Structure (2013)

A proof-of-principle experiment demonstrating dielectric laser acceleration of nonrelativistic electrons in the vicinity of a fused-silica grating is reported. The grating structure is utilized to generate an electromagnetic surface wave that travels synchronously with and efficiently imparts momentum on 28 keV electrons. We observe a maximum acceleration gradient of 25 MeV/m. We investigate in detail the parameter dependencies and find excellent agreement with numerical simulations. With the availability of compact and efficient fiber laser technology, these findings may pave the way towards an all-optical compact particle accelerator. This work also represents the demonstration of the inverse Smith-Purcell effect in the optical regime.
International manufacturing configurations and transforming strategies (2002)

This paper describes some preliminary research on international manufacturing. It identifies the main research tasks as the development of a taxonomy of international manufacturing networks and the exploration of strategy processes for globalisation. An industrial case is given to show the process of developing global manufacturing strategy.
Active Knee Rehabilitation Orthotic Device With Variable Damping Characteristics Implemented via an Electrorheological Fluid (2009)

This paper presents a novel, smart, and portable active knee rehabilitation orthotic device (AKROD) that provides variable damping at the knee joint, controlled in ways that can facilitate motor recovery in poststroke and other neurological disease patients, and to accelerate recovery in knee injury patients. The key features of AKROD include a compact, lightweight design, with highly tunable resistive torque capabilities through a variable damper component that is achieved through an electrorheological fluid (ERF) smart brake. Closed-loop torque and velocity controllers based on adaptive nonlinear control methodologies were developed and successfully implemented on the ERF brake. Preliminary testing of AKROD was performed using nine healthy subjects executing a set of isokinetic and isotonic exercises. These results were compared with exactly the same tests performed on a modern day computer controlled rehabilitation resistance machine, a Biodex System 3. The results showed comparable accuracy and repeatability between the two devices.
Determination of Steroid Estrogens in Wastewater by Immunoaffinity Extraction Coupled with HPLC−Electrospray-MS (2001)

A new method, based on immunoaffinity extraction coupled with liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) is described for the determination of the steroid estrogens beta-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and alpha-ethynylestradiol (E2) in wastewater. The use of highly selective immunosorbents in sample preparation prior to analysis allows the removal of interfering sample matrix compounds present in the wastewater extracts that would otherwise cause severe ionization suppression of the estrogens during the electrospray process. In addition, immunoextraction removes much of the isobaric noise from the selected ion monitoring chromatograms, increasing the signal-to-noise ratios for analytes, and contributing to the low detection limits (0.18 and 0.07 ng/L for E2 and E1, respectively) achieved by the current method. The method was applied to analysis of estrogens in two wastewater effluents. Recoveries of E2 and E1 were excellent (>90%), while the nonimmunogen (but structurally related) analyte EE2 was not retained (recovery <2%) from effluent extracts by the immunosorbent. This illustrates the extreme selectivity of the immunoextraction purification step. Precision of the method was high, with relative standard deviations below 5%. Concentrations of E2 in wastewater varied from 0.77 to 6.4 ng/L, while concentrations of E1 were greater (1.6-18 ng/L).
PREPARATION AND REDUCTION OF 2-METHOXY-N-METHYL-1-NAPHTHALENEËTHYLAMINE<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPREPARATION AND REDUCTION OF 2-METHOXY-N-METHYL-1-NAPHTHALENEËTHYLAMINE1C. F. KOELSCH and HORACE E. HOODCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 9, 1282–1287Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01126a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01126a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mutator insertions in an intron of the maize knotted1 gene result in dominant suppressible mutations. (1994)

The knotted1 (kn1) locus of maize is defined by a series of dominant mutations affecting leaf development. We recovered 10 additional mutant alleles in lines containing active Mutator transposable elements. Nine of these alleles contain Mu1 or Mu8 elements inserted within a 310-bp region of the kn1 third intron. All five Mu8 insertions are in the same orientation whereas both orientations of Mu1 were recovered. Northern analysis showed that ectopic expression of kn1 within developing leaves is correlated with the mutant phenotype for the four alleles analyzed. Transcript size was not altered. The effect of Mu activity, as measured by the extent of Mu element methylation or by the presence of the autonomous MuDR element, was investigated for two alleles. Kn1-mum2, containing a Mu8 element, and Kn1-mum7, containing a Mu1 element, required Mu activity for the knotted phenotype. We examined the effect of Mu activity on ectopic kn1 expression in Kn1-mum2 and found that the transcript was present in leaves of Mu active individuals only. We discuss possible mechanisms by which Mu activity could condition kn1 gene expression.
Further Evidence for the Accumulation of a Hydroxyproline-deficient, Collagenase-degradable Protein during Collagen Biosynthesis in Vitro (1966)

By use of purified bacterial collagenase it has been possible to demonstrate that a proline-rich, hydroxyproline-deficient, collagenase-degradable protein accumulates in many collagen-forming systems when proline hydroxylation is impaired. These experiments provide further evidence that proline is incorporated into a collagen-like polypeptide prior to hydroxylation. The collagenase-tannic acid procedure may be used as a means of studying collagen synthesis independent of proline hydroxylation.
Applications of Jini technology in wireless mobile computing environment (2002)

This paper describes the implementation of Sun Microsystems's Jini based services and applications aim for wireless mobile computing environment. Three applications are implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of deploying the Jini technology over a wireless LAN to enable spontaneous networking between the wireless mobile clients and traditional wired network servers. This enables services (applications) to be made available dynamically to the mobile devices when they are moved from place to place.
On the Chemistry of Ingenol, IV [1] (1991)

A simple and fast procedure was worked out to prepare from the commercially available seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L. substantial amounts of the polyfunctional tetracyclic diterpene ingenol (la). Ingenol-3,4:5,20-diacetonide (1d) was treated with five different bases at two different temperatures to achieve epimerization to 8-epiingenol. In any case unchanged 1 d was obtained. By reduction of ingenol-3,4: 5,20-diacetonide (1d) with sodium in ether/2-propanol (9 R)-9-deoxo-9-hydroxyingenol-3,4:5,20-diacetonide (2b) was obtained and converted to the corresponding 5,20-monoacetonide 2e. Reduction of ingenol-5,20-acetonide (le) with LiAlH 4 in tetrahydrofuran furnished the epimeric (9 S)-9-deoxo-9-hydroxyingenol-5,20-acetonide (3c).The (9 R)-monoacetonide 2e was used to prepare the 3-tetradecanoate 2c of (9 R)-9-deoxo-9-hydroxyingenol (2a). From the (9 S)-monoacetonide 3 c four 3-esters [butyrate (3d), tetradecanoate (3e), eicosanoate (3f), benzoate (3g)] of (9S)-9-deoxo-9-hydroxyingenol (3 a) were synthesized. The 3,4 : 5,20-diacetonides of 2a and 3a, i.e. 2b/3b were used to provide the 9-hexadecanoates 2 f and 3j. The irritant activities of the 3-esters of the (9 S)-series depend strongly on the nature of the acyl group, thus furnishing, e. g. the moderately irritant tetradecanoate 3e [compared to corresponding 3-esters lb of ingenol (la)] as well as the highly active benzoate 3g of 3 a. The (9 R)-3-tetradecanoate 2c exhibits comparable activity as its (9 S)-analogue 3e. Thus, the spatial orientation (R or S) of the 9-hydroxy function plays a significant but not a crucial role for irritant activity. Both epimeric (9 R)/(9 S)-hexadecanoates 2f/3j were non-irritant.
High positioning repeatability of miniature actuator (2008)

Autofocusing actuators in camera phones should have a reduced profile and an improved performance in accordance with the requirements of consumer electronic products. In this study, we first discuss the detailed design of the miniature actuator presented in our previous work(10) and then describe an experiment to test its positioning repeatability. As compared with conventional voice coil motor (VCM) actuators positioned by open-loop control, the proposed miniature VCM actuator is small, has a high positioning repeatability and can improve the positioning repeatability by 87.5% of the typical value.
Gilgamesh in the Arabian Nights (1991)

It is difficult to lose a good story. Many of the best folk tales transcend the boundaries of language and nationality, and the Gilgamesh Epic, attested in Human, Hittite, Elamite and Akkadian cuneiform, is no exception. The latest Akkadian tablets to be inscribed with the story come from the site of Uruk of the late Babylonian period, some time after the fall of Babylon in 539 B.C. and perhaps as late as the Seleurid period, after the reign of Alexander the Great. The story had been popular for some two thousand years. Despite this popularity in so many countries and for such a very long period of time, the story of Gilgamesh was supposed to have died more or less with the death of cuneiform writing, although some residual themes were recognised in various versions of the Alexander Romance.
Local plasma oxidation and reactive ion etching of metal films for ultrafine line pattern inversion and transfer (1983)

A new ultrafine line pattern inversion and transfer technique based on local low temperature plasma oxidation and reactive ion etching of suitable metal films, such as aluminum, is presented. The patterned surface oxidized metal film may serve as a surface passivated interconnect or gate structure for integrated semiconductor devices, or be used as an etch mark for underlying layers. As an application a process for patterning self-aligned two layer gate lines composed of molybdenum silicide and polycrystalline silicon is given. Linewidths as small as 1500 Å have been achieved.
Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

Results from clinical trials and current safety data suggest that rosiglitazone should not be used for the treatment of AD. Application of results from trials evaluating pioglitazone in the treatment of AD is limited because of major trial limitations; therefore, it should not be recommended at this time. Although these drugs are not commonly used in the treatment of AD, further pharmacoepidemiologic studies are warranted before their use can be recommended.
Online Updating Soft Sensor Modeling and Industrial Application Based on Selectively Integrated Moving Window Approach (2017)

In this paper, the moving window (MW) approach is introduced to update the soft sensor model with the latest process information, which provides powerful efficiency of tracking the shifting feature of the process. The weighted supervised latent factor analysis is utilized to build predictive model in the MW. However, information on previous important process variations is lost when the models are updated by the MWs. To fully take advantage of the former windows, a set of most recent window data sets are stored to be integrated by the Bayes' rule for the current quality estimation. Nevertheless, these windows may contain similar information about the process, and the redundancy would increase the calculation with a low-efficient accuracy improvement. To this end, a selecting method is proposed through a statistical hypothesis testing to determine whether the local model should be incorporate to the model set or not. In this way, the most informative models are remained to integrate an efficient predictive model. A real industrial case study demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed online updating soft sensor.
Subject Perceptions of Confidence and Predictive Validity in Financial Information Cues (2006)

Traditional financial theory holds that financial decision makers make choices based on an asset's mean return and its standard deviation in the context of the normal distribution. These statistics, however, may be vague concepts to decision makers, and more difficult to use relative to specific details of a simple discrete probability distribution. Therefore, this study shows which of ten information cues subjects use in making decisions designed to look like simplified bonds, stocks, and options. The cues consist of the mean, standard deviation, and other distribution features such as highest payoff. More importantly, this study relates subjects' usage of various information cues in making financial valuation judgments to their self-assessments of 1) an information cue's ability to best reveal the value of an asset (its predictive validity), and 2) their confidence in using that information cue. The results are related to the overconfidence literature in psychology.
Semi-supervised protein classification using cluster kernels (2005)

www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/bs/people/weston/semiprot.
In situ hybridization of fluorescent probes on chromosomes, nuclei or stretched DNA: applications in physical mapping and characterization of genomic rearrangements. (1995)

During the last few years, various technologies and applications of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been developed. Hybridization on nuclei allows an increase in the resolution of the technique. It also permits the characterization of some chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomies, monosomies or translocations in pathological cells when it is difficult to obtain metaphases. Recently, several methods which extend the chromatin or the DNA molecules have been developed. Such a support increases the FISH resolution to the molecular level.
Evaluation of the Parameters Affecting the Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CH3OH at Cu/Cu2O Electrode (2014)

This work describes the photoeletrocatalytic reducing CO2 dissolved in slightly alkaline solution at Cu/Cu2O electrode prepared by electrochemical deposition of a copper foil in 12.0 mol L-1 submitted to voltage of -0.40 V for 30 min. The effect of supporting electrolyte was investigated and 80 ppm of methanol was generated when photoelectrolysis were performed at Cu/Cu2O electrode in 0.1 mol L - ⁎ 1 Na2CO3/NaHCO3. However, this value is limited to 10 ppm in Na2CO3 and is almost neglected in NaHCO3. The bias potential also plays an important role in the formation of methanol by photoelectrocatalysis, where is maxima at applied potential of 0.2V and nil at -0.4V. Maximum photoconversion of CO2/CH3OH was obtained at pH 8, which is successively suppressed in an alkaline medium. Thus, using the best experimental conditions of 0.1 mol L-1 Na2CO3/NaHCO3, pH 8 , were obtained 75 % reduction of CO2 to methanol under UV-Vis irradiation and bias potential of +0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl , after 2 hours of treatment. The results illustrate that the stabilization of Cu (I) on the electrodic material seems to be the key to success in this photoelectrochemical reaction.