gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surfactant-induced lyotropic behavior of flexible polymer solutions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurfactant-induced lyotropic behavior of flexible polymer solutionsGlenn H. FredricksonCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 11, 2825–2831Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00063a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00063a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1022Altmetric-Citations262LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct blood culturing on solid medium outperforms an automated continuously monitored broth-based blood culture system in terms of time to identification and susceptibility testing (2015)

Pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) should be available as soon as possible for patients with bloodstream infections. We investigated whether a lysis-centrifugation (LC) blood culture (BC) method, combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identification and Vitek 2 AST, provides a time advantage in comparison with the currently used automated broth-based BC system. Seven bacterial reference strains were added each to 10 mL human blood in final concentrations of 100, 10 and 1 CFU/mL. Inoculated blood was added to the Isolator 10 tube and centrifuged at 3000 g for 30 min, then 1.5 mL sediment was distributed onto five 150-mm agar plates. Growth was observed hourly and microcolonies were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS and Vitek 2 as soon as possible. For comparison, seeded blood was introduced into an aerobic BC bottle and incubated in the BACTEC 9240 automated BC system. For all species/concentration combinations except one, successful identification and Vitek 2 inoculation were achieved even before growth detection by BACTEC. The fastest identification and inoculation for AST were achieved with Escherichia coli in concentrations of 100 CFU/mL and 10 CFU/mL (after 7 h each, while BACTEC flagged respective samples positive after 9.5 h and 10 h). Use of the LC-BC method allows skipping of incubation in automated BC systems and, used in combination with rapid diagnostics from microcolonies, provides a considerable advantage in time to result. This suggests that the usefulness of direct BC on solid medium should be re-evaluated in the era of rapid microbiology.
Study of bandwidth efficient DS-CDMA systems. (1993)

This thesis studies the modulation and coding aspects of bandwidth efficient direct-sequence CDMA systems. The novel concepts proposed and investigated are: DS-CDMA employing combined modulation schemes; MFSK/DS-CDMA employing orthogonal codes; and DS-CDMA employing permutation modulation. Under each concept, one or more schemes are developed and examined. The first concept suggests that two or more modulation schemes can be considered together as a combined modulation in a DS-CDMA system. By combining two modulation schemes, the signal energy per symbol for a given bit energy is increased. This in turn increases the system power efficiency and also the bandwidth efficiency. By combining MFSK and MPSK, we proposed the MFSK-MPSK/DS-CDMA scheme. By combining MFSK and differential MPSK, we proposed the MFSK-DMPSK/DS-CDMA scheme. The second concept can be thought of as an application of the first. By combining MFSK and the orthogonal PN codes, we proposed the MFSK-OC/DS-CDMA scheme. It is found in this thesis that the orthogonal code concept has many significant applications in both performance improvement and complexity reduction in DS-CDMA systems. An analysis also shows that the ideal orthogonality of the codes can be relaxed with very little performance degradation. Thus, quasi-orthogonal codes can be used in practical applications. In the third concept, permutation modulation is applied to the DS-CDMA systems and it is proved to be a very powerful scheme in fading channels. By using the multi-tone FSK scheme, we proposed the MT-FSK/DS-CDMA system. In a fading channel, this system introduces an implicit diversity, and thus is robust in mobile environments. The concept of orthogonal codes are used here to reduce the implementation complexity. By using a simple frequency tone selection rule, we further proposed a novel scheme, namely OMT-FSK/DS-CDMA in which all symbols are orthogonal each other. For the proposed schemes, performance analyses are made over AWGN and fading channels with and without FEC coding. Computer simulation is done for the MFSK-OC/DS-CDMA and MT-FSK/DS-CDMA systems.
Terahertz sources and detectors and their application to biological sensing (2003)

Terahertz spectroscopy has long been used as an important measurement tool in fields such as radio astronomy, physical chemistry, atmospheric studies and plasma research. More recently terahertz technology has been used to develop an exciting new technique to investigate the properties of a wide range of biological materials. Although much research remains before a full understanding of the interaction between biomaterials and terahertz radiation is developed, these initial studies have created a compelling case for further scientific study. Also, the potential development of practical tools to detect and identify biological materials such as biological-warfare agents and food contaminants, or of medical diagnostic tools, is driving the need for improved terahertz technology. In particular, improved terahertz sources and detectors that can be used in practical spectroscopy systems are needed. This paper overviews some of the recent measurements of the terahertz spectra of biomaterials and the ongoing efforts to create an all-solid-state technology suitable not only for improved scientific experiments but also for military and commercial applications.
Direct-Write 3D Nanoprinting of Plasmonic Structures (2016)

During the past decade, significant progress has been made in the field of resonant optics ranging from fundamental aspects to concrete applications. While several techniques have been introduced for the fabrication of highly defined metallic nanostructures, the synthesis of complex, free-standing three-dimensional (3D) structures is still an intriguing, but so far intractable, challenge. In this study, we demonstrate a 3D direct-write synthesis approach that addresses this challenge. Specifically, we succeeded in the direct-write fabrication of 3D nanoarchitectures via electron-stimulated reactions, which are applicable on virtually any material and surface morphology. By that, complex 3D nanostructures composed of highly compact, pure gold can be fabricated, which reveal strong plasmonic activity and pave the way for a new generation of 3D nanoplasmonic architectures that can be printed on-demand.
Fast and Efficient Dynamic WDM Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Model (2006)

A novel state-variable model for semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) that is amenable to block diagram implementation of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signals and fast execution times is presented. The novel model is called the reservoir model, in analogy with similar block-oriented models for Raman and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). A procedure is proposed to extract the needed reservoir model parameters from the parameters of a detailed and accurate space-resolved SOA model due to Connelly, which was extended to cope with the time-resolved gain transient analysis. Several variations of the reservoir model are considered with increasing complexity, which allow the accurate inclusion of scattering losses and gain saturation induced by amplified spontaneous emission. It is shown that at comparable accuracy, the reservoir model can be 20 times faster than the Connelly model in single-channel operation; much more significant time savings are expected for WDM operation. The model neglects intraband SOA phenomena and is thus limited to modulation rates per channel not exceeding 10 Gb/s. The SOA reservoir model provides a unique tool with reasonably short computation times for a reliable analysis of gain transients in WDM optical networks with complex topologies
In-Band Sensing without Quiet Period in Cognitive Radio (2008)

Sensing is one of the key technologies for the implementation of cognitive radio. The usual In-band sensing is performed during quiet period to avoid the interference from the network itself. In this paper, we proposed a novel In-band sensing method which can avoid the usage of quiet period to guarantee the performance of the network. In this method, the complementary of adjacent OFDM symbols is utilized to perform power detection. Furthermore, we extend this idea to several applications. Simulation proved that our algorithm has a comparable performance with power detector in quiet period. And the algorithm can achieve an acceptable performance for IEEE802.22 system.
A security architecture and mechanism for data confidentiality in TCP/IP protocols (1990)

A method of providing data confidentiality service for secure data communication between two end users through Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocols is presented. The system call functions of the socket compatibility interface and transport level interface libraries are used for connection establishment, data transfer, and connection release between two TCP/IP end users. A new security architecture consisting of interactive application program, client/server, and security service modules as well as the corresponding security mechanism to provide data confidentiality service is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DENS (Differential Extension with Nucleotide Subsets): Application to the Sequencing of Human Genomic DNA and cDNA (1999)

Here we describe further development of our method of DNA sequencing by Differential Extension with Nucleotide Subsets (DENS) and its application to the sequencing of human genomic DNA and full-insert cDNA. Essentially, DENS is primer walking without custom primer synthesis; instead, DENS uses a presynthesized library of octamer primers degenerate in two positions (4,096 tubes/sequences for a complete library). DENS converts an octamer selected from this library into a long primer on the template, at the intended site only. This is done using a two-step procedure which starts with a limited extension of the octamer (at 20 degrees C) in the presence of only two of the four possible dNTPs. The primer is extended by five bases or more at the intended priming site, which is deliberately selected to maximize the extension length (as are the two-dNTP set and the primer itself). The subsequent termination reaction at 60 degrees C then accepts the primer extended at the intended site, but not at alternative sites, where the initial extension (if any) is generally much shorter. This paper presents a set of rules for selection of DENS priming sites. We also compare different ways of template preparation for DENS sequencing. The data were obtained from primer walking on three human genomic DNA subclones of 3 to 4 kbp and four cDNA clones containing inserts of 1.9, 2.3, 3.8, and 4.9 kbp. Full-length sequences were obtained from both strands of each subclone by automated dye-terminator fluorescent DNA sequencing using DENS with degenerate octamer primers. We compared the following types of DNA templates: single-stranded and double-stranded phagemid DNA, double-stranded PCR products, asymmetric PCR products, and single-stranded DNA produced by digestion with Lambda Exonuclease of double-stranded PCR product phosphorylated at one end (Exo-PCR). While all of the preps were found to work, the best results were obtained with Exo-PCR and phagemid single-stranded DNA. Exo-PCR directly from overnight bacterial culture with no plasmid prep of any kind yielded templates for DENS as good as Exo-PCR from purified DNA. We found that the Tm of the differentially extended octamers is an important factor in the success of DENS. Clustering of successful reactions was clearly distinguished in the Tm range of 50-66 degrees C, with success rates of 70% for Exo-PCR and 65% for ss phagemid templates.
Elimination of the flux transients from molecular-beam epitaxy source cells following shutter operation (1988)

We present an analysis, based on control theory, of the transients in flux from a molecular-beam epitaxy source cell which occur after opening the shutter and also after changing the set point of the cell temperature controller. This analysis permits the calculation of the variation of this set point with time which produces a transient equal and opposite to that following shutter operation. Experimental results show that use of this set point variation results in a beam flux constant to within 1%, and that the parameters in this analysis do not change significantly over at least 100 h of cell operation. In addition we show that simple manual control of the set point based on this analysis can reduce the flux transient by a factor of 5.
A new battery plant configuration that eliminates thermal runaway in valve regulated lead-acid batteries (2002)

The traditional battery plant, originally intended for use with flooded lead acid batteries, is widely used in battery plants employing valve regulated lead acid, VRLA, batteries. However use of the traditional plant can lead to thermal runaway in VRLA batteries if the plant is deployed in an uncontrolled environment. Use of temperature compensated float voltage will tend to decrease the probability of thermal runaway, but can also shorten the life of the batteries if the float voltage is lowered too much. This paper introduces a battery plant configuration specifically designed for plants employing valve regulated lead acid batteries in uncontrolled environments. During float operation, the battery float current is limited. However the batteries are on line and isolated from the plant via a parallel combination of a diode and a contactor. Once the batteries are isolated from the rectifiers, a small charger that can be either a constant voltage or a constant current source, and requires less than 8 watts of power for up to four 48 volt strings of 12 volt, 100 ampere hour batteries, cycles through every battery in the plant and maintains each battery in its required float voltage range. This small amount of power is all that is required to maintain every battery in the plant at its required float voltage. Variations of the new plant configuration are discussed. These configurations of the new plant make this scheme easily adaptable to older technology rectifiers and plants as well as rectifiers and plants employing the latest technology.
TIA-1 or TIAR Is Required for DT40 Cell Viability (2003)

TIA-1 and TIAR are a pair of related RNA-binding proteins which have been implicated in apoptosis. We show that chicken DT40 cells with both tia-1 alleles and one tiar allele disrupted (tia-1(-/-)tiar(-/+) cells) are viable. However, their growth and survival in medium containing low serum levels is significantly reduced compared with DT40 cells. The remaining intact tiar allele in tia-1(-/-)tiar(-/+) cells can only be disrupted if TIA-1 expression is first restored to the cells by transfection of a TIA-1 expression vector. We conclude that DT40 cells require either TIA-1 or TIAR for viability. TIA-1 overexpression in tia-1(-/-)tiar(-/+) cells leads to a radical drop in TIAR levels, by inducing efficient splicing of two tiar alternative exons carrying in-frame stop codons. In wild-type DT40 cells, tiar transcripts including these exons can also be detected. These transcripts increase significantly in abundance in cycloheximide-treated cells, suggesting that splicing of the exons exposes mRNAs to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. TIA-1 or TIAR depletion leads to a marked drop in splicing of the exons. The human tiar gene contains a corresponding pair of TIA-1-inducible alternative exons, and we show that there is very high sequence conservation between chickens and humans of the exon pair and parts of the flanking introns. The TIA-1/TIAR responsiveness of these alternative tiar exons is likely to be of physiological importance for controlling TIAR levels.
Direct parallelization of call statements (1986)

Asynchronous CALL statements are necessary in order to use more than one processor in current multiprocessors. Detecting CALL statements that may be executed in parallel is one way to fill this need. This approach requires accurate approximations of called procedure effects. This is achieved by using new objects called Region and Execution Context . An algorithm to find asynchronous CALL statements is given. It involves a new dependence test to compute data dependence graphs, which provides better results than previous ones even when no CALL statements are involved. This method has been implemented in Parafrase and preliminary results are encouraging.
Solid-State Light Amplifiers (1957)

A description is given of the different types of solid-state image intensifiers together with a comparison of their methods of operation. The characteristics of photoconductive and electroluminescent materials are summarized with particular emphasis on the problems of their optimum combination in the double-layer type of intensifier with and without optical feedback. The optical and electrical characteristics of the over-all devices are compared, and some of the possible applications, such as their use for radar display and x-ray intensification, are discussed.
Quantum Computers Can Search Arbitrarily Large Databases by a Single Query (1997)

This paper shows that a quantum mechanical algorithm that can query information relating to multiple items of the database can search a database for a unique item satisfying a given condition, in a single query [a query is defined as any question to the database to which the database has to return a (yes/no answer]. A classical algorithm will be limited to the information theoretic bound of at least ${log}_{2}N$ queries, which it would achieve by using a binary search.
New measures of graph irregularity (2014)

In this paper, we define and compare three new measures of graph irregularity. We use these measures to tighten upper bounds for the chromatic number and the Colin de Verdiere parameter. We also strengthen the concise Turan theorem for irregular graphs and investigate to what extent Turan's theorem can be similarly strengthened for generalized r-partite graphs. We conclude by relating these new measures to the Randic index and using the measures to devise new normalised indices of network heterogeneity.
Influence des differents constituents de la couche cornee sur la mesure de son élasticité (1982)

Summary A new instrument has been developed which enables simultaneous determinations of the static and dynamic moduli of elasticity of the stratum corneum to be made. A systematic study of these mechanical parameters for various samples of human SC demonstrates the advantages of the dynamic measurement of the modulus of elasticity in evaluating the effect of treatments. The effect of treatment of thioglycollic acid (TA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the stratum corneum was studied by means of this technique and electron microscopy. TA markedly reduces the elastic modulus. Electron microscopy shows that horny cell structure is fully disorganized. On the contrary, SA treatment increases the elastic modulus without any noticeable changes on corneocytes. This last study confirms the preferential effect of SA on the intercorneocyte spaces.
Infected (Mycotic) Aneurysms: Spectrum of Imaging Appearances and Management (2008)

Infected aneurysms are uncommon. The aorta, peripheral arteries, cerebral arteries, and visceral arteries are involved in descending order of frequency. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species are the most common causative pathogens. Early clinical diagnosis of infected aneurysms is challenging owing to their protean manifestations. Clinically apparent infected aneurysms are often at an advanced stage of development or are associated with complications, such as rupture. Nontreatment or delayed treatment of infected aneurysms often has a poor outcome, with high morbidity and mortality from fulminant sepsis or hemorrhage. Current state-of-the-art imaging modalities, such as multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have replaced conventional angiography as minimally invasive techniques for detection of infected aneurysms in clinically suspected cases, as well as characterization of infected aneurysms and vascular mapping for treatment planning in confirmed cases. Doppler ultrasonography allows noninvasive assessment for infected aneurysms in the peripheral arteries. Imaging features of infected aneurysms include a lobulated vascular mass, an indistinct irregular arterial wall, perianeurysmal edema, and a perianeurysmal soft-tissue mass. Perianeurysmal gas, aneurysmal thrombosis, aneurysmal wall calcification, and disrupted arterial calcification at the site of the infected aneurysm are uncommon findings. Imaging-guided endovascular stent-graft repair and embolotherapy can be performed in select cases instead of open surgery. Familiarity with the imaging appearances of infected aneurysms should alert the radiologist to the diagnosis and permit timely treatment, which may include endovascular techniques.