gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regioselectivity of glucosylation of caffeic acid by a UDP-glucose:glucosyltransferase is maintained in planta (2003)

Caffeic acid is a phenylpropanoid playing an important role in the pathways leading to lignin synthesis and the production of a wide variety of secondary metabolites. The compound is also an antioxidant and has potential utility as a general protectant against free radicals. Three glucosylated forms of caffeic acid are known to exist: the 3- O - and 4- O -glucosides and the glucose ester. This study describes for the first time a glucosyltransferase [UDP-glucose:glucosyltransferase (UGT)] that is specific for the 3-hydroxyl, and not the 4-hydroxyl, position of caffeic acid. The UGT sequence of Arabidopsis, UGT71C1, has been expressed as a recombinant fusion protein in Escherichia coli, purified and assayed against a range of substrates in vitro. The assay confirmed that caffeic acid as the preferred substrate when compared with other hydroxycinnamates, although UGT71C1 also exhibited substantial activity towards flavonoid substrates, known to have structural features that can be recognized by many different UGTs. The expression of UGT71C1 in transgenic Arabidopsis was driven by the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S (CaMV35S) promoter. Nine independent transgenic lines were taken to homozygosity and characterized by Northern-blot analysis, assay of enzyme activity in leaf extracts and HPLC analysis of the glucosides. The level of expression of UGT71C1 was enhanced considerably in several lines, leading to a higher level of the corresponding enzyme activity and a higher level of caffeoyl-3- O -glucoside. The data are discussed in the context of the utility of UGTs for natural product biotransformations.
Essential tremor (1975)

A double-blind trial of propranolol, in a dosage of 120 mg a day, and placebo was conducted in 11 patients with essential tremor. An improvement in tremor was observed in all patients who received propranolol and was most pronounced in the upper extremities. The favorable clinical assessment was further confirmed by improvement in a grooved pegboard test and in the quality of handwriting as evaluated by two "blind" observers. No side effects were encountered. It is concluded that propranolol is at present the best available drug for the treatment of essential tremor.
IRS: a hierarchical knowledge based system for aerial image interpretation (1990)

A knowledge based architecture for the interpretation of aerial images is presented. The Image Recognition System (IRS) utilises a multiresolution perceptual clustering methodology as a robust alternative to the more traditional edge or region based approaches. Initially, data driven feature generation and primary perceptual clustering is performed independently for two or more reduced resolution versions of the image. A Rule Based Frame System (RBFS) is then used to instantiate more complex geometrical structures from symbolic multiresolution feature representations. Final interpretation is achieved by using knowledge of contextual relations between objects in the domain.
Relaxation in rabbit and rat cardiac cells: species‐dependent differences in cellular mechanisms. (1994)

The roles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase and Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange in Ca2+ removal from cytosol were compared in isolated rabbit and rat ventricular myocytes during caffeine contractures and electrically stimulated twitches. Cell shortening and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured in indo-1-loaded cells. Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange was inhibited by replacement of external Na+ by Li+. To avoid net changes in cell or SR Ca2+ load during a twitch in 0 Na+ solution, intracellular Na+ (Na+i) was depleted using a long pre-perfusion with 0 Na+, 0 Ca2+ solution. SR Ca2+ accumulation was inhibited by caffeine or thapsigargin (TG). Relaxation of steady-state twitches was 2-fold faster in rat than in rabbit (before and after Na+i depletion). In contrast, caffeine contractures (where SR Ca2+ accumulation is inhibited), relaxed faster in rabbit cells. Removal of external Na+ increased the half-time for relaxation of caffeine contractures 15- and 5-fold in rabbit and rat myocytes respectively (and increased contracture amplitude in rabbit cells only). The time course of relaxation in 0 Na+, 0 Ca2+ solution was similar in the two species. Inhibition of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange during a twitch increased the [Ca2+]i transient amplitude (delta[Ca2+]i) by 50% and the time constant of [Ca2+]i decline (tau) by 45% in rabbit myocytes. A smaller increase in tau (20%) and no change in delta[Ca2+]i were observed in rat cells in 0 Na+ solution. [Ca2+]i transients remained more rapid in rat cells. Inhibition of the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase during a twitch enhanced delta[Ca2+]i by 25% in both species. The increase in tau after TG exposure was greater in rat (9-fold) than in rabbit myocytes (2-fold), which caused [Ca2+]i decline to be 70% slower in rat compared with rabbit cells. The time course of [Ca2+]i decline during twitch in TG-treated cells was similar to that during caffeine application in control cells. Combined inhibition of these Ca2+ transport systems markedly slowed the time course of [Ca2+]i decline, so that tau was virtually the same in both species and comparable to that during caffeine application in 0 Na+, 0 Ca2+ solution. Thus, the combined participation of slow Ca2+ transport mechanisms (mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and sarcolemmal Ca(2+)-ATPase) is similar in these species. We conclude that during the decline of the [Ca2+]i transient, the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange is about 2- to 3-fold faster in rabbit than in rat, whereas the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase is 2- to 3-fold faster in the rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Use of optoelectronic tweezers in manufacturing—accurate solder bead positioning (2016)

In this work, we analyze the use of optoelectronic tweezers (OETs) to manipulate 45 μm diameter Sn62Pb36Ag2 solder beads with light-induced dielectrophoresis force and we demonstrate high positioning accuracy. It was found that the positional deviation of the solder beads increases with the increase of the trap size. To clarify the underlying mechanism, simulations based on the integration of the Maxwell stress tensor were used to study the force profiles of OET traps with different sizes. It was found that the solder beads felt a 0.1 nN static friction or stiction force due to electrical forces pulling them towards the surface and that this force is not dependent on the size of the trap. The stiction limits the positioning accuracy; however, we show that by choosing a trap that is just larger than the solder bead sub-micron positional accuracy can be achieved.
Nmr Studies on Side Chain Mesomorphic Polymers (1988)

Abstract Nine polymers with general formula of were investigated by high resolution 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy in solution. The absorption lines were ass igned. It was concluded from the line broadening tha[tbar] the mobility of the atoms in the main chain decreased when the aromatic cores were bonded to the main chain without spacer, but did not depend on the length of the spacer, The atomic mobilities increase with the distance from the main chain. Two polymers with hexyloxy spacer were investigated by high resolution 13C-NMR spectroscopy in bulk. The ring-current effect of aromatic carbon atoms in mesomorphic bulk before the isotropisation indicates rather lamin ar structure than a nematic one. The polymers with hexyloxy spacers contain -CH2COOCH2-segments in the main chain resulted two extra lines in 1H-NMR spectra. The appearence of these segments is ba[sbar]ed on a destructive chain transfer reaction, Thus, the polymers are rather copolymers than homopolymers.
Molecular tilt direction in a slightly tilted homeotropic aligned liquid crystal cell (1993)

The influence of hardness and topology of substrate surface on the pretilt angle were investigated for a slightly tilted homeotropic alignment achieved by the rubbing technique. On a soft surface, the grooves are produced which align in the same direction as the rubbing direction while the liquid crystal molecules tilt in the direction opposite to the rubbing direction. On a hard surface, no grooves are observed and the molecules tilt in the same direction as the rubbing direction. These results were applied to the fabrication of a two-domain vertically aligned nematic liquid crystal display.
Low Latency Four-Flop Synchronizer with the Handshake Interface (2005)

This letter presents a synchronizer and its handshake interface for bridging clock domains in SoC. The proposed scheme uses a double two-flop synchronizer operated at different clock edges respectively, based on a two-phase handshake protocol. Performance analysis shows that the proposed design reduces latency up to a clock cycle, while retaining its safety to a tolerable level.
Increased telomere fragility and fusions resulting from <i>TRF1</i> deficiency lead to degenerative pathologies and increased cancer in mice (2009)

The telomere repeat-binding factor 1 (TERF1, referred to hereafter as TRF1) is a component of mammalian telomeres whose role in telomere biology and disease has remained elusive. Here, we report on cells and mice conditionally deleted for TRF1. TRF1-deleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) show rapid induction of senescence, which is concomitant with abundant telomeric gamma-H2AX foci and activation of the ATM/ATR downstream checkpoint kinases CHK1 and CHK2. DNA damage foci are rescued by both ATM and ATM/ATR inhibitors, further indicating that both signaling pathways are activated upon TRF1 deletion. Abrogation of the p53 and RB pathways bypasses senescence but leads to chromosomal instability including sister chromatid fusions, chromosome concatenation, and occurrence of multitelomeric signals (MTS). MTS are also elevated in ATR-deficient MEFs or upon treatment with aphidicolin, two conditions known to induce breakage at fragile sites, suggesting that TRF1-depleted telomeres are prone to breakage. To address the impact of these molecular defects in the organism, we deleted TRF1 in stratified epithelia of TRF1(Delta/Delta)K5-Cre mice. These mice die perinatally and show skin hyperpigmentation and epithelial dysplasia, which are associated with induction of telomere-instigated DNA damage, activation of the p53/p21 and p16 pathways, and cell cycle arrest in vivo. p53 deficiency rescues mouse survival but leads to development of squamous cell carcinomas, demonstrating that TRF1 suppresses tumorigenesis. Together, these results demonstrate that dysfunction of a telomere-binding protein is sufficient to produce severe telomeric damage in the absence of telomere shortening, resulting in premature tissue degeneration and development of neoplastic lesions.
Modality-Specific Axonal Regeneration: Toward Selective Regenerative Neural Interfaces (2011)

Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces have been proposed as viable alternatives for the natural control of robotic prosthetic devices. However, sensory and motor axons at the neural interface are of mixed sub-modality types, which difficult the specific recording from motor axons and the eliciting of precise sensory modalities through selective stimulation. Here we evaluated the possibility of using type specific neurotrophins to preferentially entice the regeneration of defined axonal populations from transected peripheral nerves into separate compartments. Segregation of mixed sensory fibers from dorsal root ganglion neurons was evaluated in vitro by compartmentalized diffusion delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), to preferentially entice the growth of TrkA+ nociceptive and TrkC+ proprioceptive subsets of sensory neurons, respectively. The average axon length in the NGF channel increased 2.5-fold compared to that in saline or NT-3, whereas the number of branches increased threefold in the NT-3 channels. These results were confirmed using a 3D "Y"-shaped in vitro assay showing that the arm containing NGF was able to entice a fivefold increase in axonal length of unbranched fibers. To address if such segregation can be enticed in vivo, a "Y"-shaped tubing was used to allow regeneration of the transected adult rat sciatic nerve into separate compartments filled with either NFG or NT-3. A significant increase in the number of CGRP+ pain fibers were attracted toward the sural nerve, while N-52+ large-diameter axons were observed in the tibial and NT-3 compartments. This study demonstrates the guided enrichment of sensory axons in specific regenerative chambers, and supports the notion that neurotrophic factors can be used to segregate sensory and perhaps motor axons in separate peripheral interfaces.
Machine learning approach yields epigenetic biomarkers of food allergy: A novel 13-gene signature to diagnose clinical reactivity (2019)

Previous studies have also created highly-accurate classifiers for this dataset, using both data-driven and a priori biological insights to construct a 96-CpG signature. This research builds on previous work because it uses a completely computational approach to obtain a perfect classification accuracy while using only 18 highly discriminating CpGs (0.005% of the total available features). In machine learning, simpler models, as used in this study, are generally preferred over more complex ones (other things being equal). Lastly, the completely data-driven methodology presented in this research eliminates the need for a priori biological information and allows for generalizability to other DNAm classification problems.
Improving the reference network in wide-area Persistent Scatterer Interferometry for non-urban areas (2016)

Advanced Interferometric SAR (InSAR) technique, namely, Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI), allows long term deformation time series analysis with millimeter accuracy. Reference network arcs construction, arcs estimation and integration for PSs are an important step in PSI. In rural regions, low density of PSs leads to separate clusters during reference network construction. Also, in case of wide-area PSI using ERS-1/2 or Sentinel-1 data, the computational load can be very high. Due to this, the reference network processing is usually divided into overlapping blocks and merged later. This can however lead to spatial error propagation. This paper presents algorithms for improving the reference network in wide-area PSI, with a focus on non-urban areas.
Methanol Transport Through Nation Membranes. Electro-osmotic Drag Effects on Potential Step Measurements (2000)

This paper describes methanol flux measurements across Nafion, 1100 equivalent weight membranes under conditions of a direct methanol fuel cell but in which methanol is completely electro‐oxidized on the opposite side in an inert atmosphere at sufficiently high electrode potential. Both the diffusion coefficient and the methanol concentration in the membrane were determined from the measured transient limiting current density following a potential step. Corrections for electro‐osmotic drag effects are developed and found necessary even for low MeOH concentrations. The results agree well with those obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. The partition coefficient was approximately constant for the membranes in contact with methanol solutions of various concentration and from room temperature to 90°C. The activation energy of methanol diffusion in a fully hydrated Nafion membrane between 30 and 130°C is , and that for protonic conduction under the same conditions is . For a membrane dried in vacuum at above 100°C, lower values of methanol permeation rate and protonic conductance were found. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Electro-Oxidation of Ethanol and Propanol at Pt and Ti Modified Nanoparticle Substrates for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFCs) (2009)

Modified Pt and Ti substrates were prepared by electrodeposition of nanocrystallite Pt and Pt x -Sn y catalysts for electro-oxidation of ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol. The chemical composition, the phase structure and the surface morphology of the Pt and Pt x -Sn y electrodeposits were studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their electro-catalytic activities were studied in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 by cyclic votlammetry and chronoamperometric techniques. It was found that, the nature of the substrate significantly affects the performance of the prepared catalyst towards electro-oxidation of different alcohols. Accordingly, the modified Pt substrates display enhanced catalytic activity and a higher stability towards alcohols electro-oxidation compared to the modified Ti substrates. Steady state Tafel plots experiments showed smoother and higher rate of alcohols oxidation on the modified Pt substrates than that on the modified Ti. High anodic Tafel slopes >200 for 1-propanol and 2propanol electro-oxidation were obtained on Ti modified substrates indicating the complexity of the oxidation reaction on such electrodes.
Double inversion recovery brain imaging at 3T: diagnostic value in the detection of multiple sclerosis lesions. (2007)

DIR brain imaging at 3T provides the highest sensitivity in the detection of MS lesions especially in the infratentorial region.
AL Amyloid Imaging and Therapy with a Monoclonal Antibody to a Cryptic Epitope on Amyloid Fibrils (2012)

The monoclonal antibody 2A4 binds an epitope derived from a cleavage site of serum amyloid protein A (sAA) containing a -Glu-Asp- amino acid pairing. In addition to its reactivity with sAA amyloid deposits, the antibody was also found to bind amyloid fibrils composed of immunoglobulin light chains. The antibody binds to synthetic fibrils and human light chain (AL) amyloid extracts with high affinity even in the presence of soluble light chain proteins. Immunohistochemistry with biotinylated 2A4 demonstrated positive reaction with ALκ and ALλ human amyloid deposits in various organs. Surface plasmon resonance analyses using synthetic AL fibrils as a substrate revealed that 2A4 bound with a K(D) of ∼10 nM. Binding was inhibited in the presence of the -Glu-Asp- containing immunogen peptide. Radiolabeled 2A4 specifically localized with human AL amyloid extracts implanted in mice (amyloidomas) as evidenced by single photon emission (SPECT) imaging. Furthermore, co-localization of the radiolabeled mAb with amyloid was shown in biodistribution and micro-autoradiography studies. Treatment with 2A4 expedited regression of ALκ amyloidomas in mice, likely mediated by the action of macrophages and neutrophils, relative to animals that received a control antibody. These data indicate that the 2A4 mAb might be of interest for potential imaging and immunotherapy in patients with AL amyloidosis.
Postdetection diversity reception of QDPSK signals under frequency selective Rayleigh fading (2002)

Bit error rate (BER) performance improvements achieved by the use of postdetection diversity with selection combining for Nyquist raised cosine filtered quadrature differential phase shift keying (QDPSK) signal transmissions in frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels are investigated. Theoretical analysis shows that diversity reception can significantly increase the maximum bit rate. If an average BER of 10/sup -4/ is required, a five-fold increase in the tolerable normalized RMS delay spread (RMS delay spread X symbol rate) is possible by using simple two-branch diversity reception. The effects the Nyquist filter roll-off factor have on average BER are also analyzed to show that average BER can be reduced at the cost of a slightly increased bandwidth. Laboratory and field experimental results that support these theoretical results are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shipping, imperial (2016)

Abstract Imperial maritime power depended upon shipping infrastructure and expertise. A strong merchant marine was a vital strategic resource facilitating the integration of imperial trade and communications, moving people, goods and information, as well as when required troops and war supplies, between dispersed sites. It was also a vital symbolic resource central to the maintenance of state prestige, authority, and control. The advance of steam shipping from the late 19th century represented significant advantages to empire‐builders, improving the speed and regularity of global exchange. The needs and interests of the imperial center and those of shipping companies as well as transport users did not always align, however, and this could lead to conflicts and unexpected outcomes.
New Irreversible Adenosine A<sub>1</sub> Antagonists Based on FSCPX (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce, and birch (1999)

A mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and birch (Betula spp.) is presented. The model predicts the critical turning moment and wind speed at which the trees will be uprooted or break at forest margins. The resistance to uprooting is predicted using the estimate of the root-soil plate weight to derive a resistive moment, while the resistance to stem breakage relies on values for the modulus of rupture determined for different species of timber. A tree is assumed to be uprooted if the total turning moment exceeds the support provided by the root-soil plate anchorage. Similarly, a tree is assumed to break if the breaking stress acting on the stem exceeds a critical value of the modulus of rupture. The model is in general quite sensitive to parameter changes, which partly results from the location in the forest to which it was designed to apply (the stand edge). The predictions of the critical turning moments needed to uproot and break trees nevertheless give a good agreement on average with the Finnish tree-pulling data for Scots pine, Norway spruce, and birch.
Use of Lambda Phage S and R Gene Products in an Inducible Lysis System for <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> - and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium-Based DNA Vaccine Delivery Systems (2000)

Novel methods for adapting DNA vaccine technology to the prevention of mucosal diseases are greatly needed. Here we show that regulated expression of phage lambda lysis genes S and R causes dramatic lysis of both Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cells with concomitant release of plasmid DNA into the surrounding media. We also used single and double DNase mutant strains to show that secreted V. cholerae DNases can adversely affect the integrity of DNA molecules released upon lysis. These results suggest that incorporation of lambda SR-mediated lysis constructs and DNA stabilizing mutations into candidate live attenuated bacterial vaccines offers a promising approach for the development of effective mucosal DNA delivery vectors for humans.
Effect of Pore Water Pressure Rising on Shear Characterstics of Soils (1969)

The authors examined shear strength of clay shale fragments, river gravel and sand with triaxialcompression test machine and made clear especially effect of the rise and fall of the pore water pressure on the shear characterstics