gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for T cell nature and heterogeneity within natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) effectors: a comparison with cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). (1981)

Abstract Three monoclonal antibodies (Ab) to human T lymphocytes (9.3, 9.6, and 10.2), a monoclonal Ab to the human la antigen (7.2), and a monoclonal Ab recognizing a monocyte-associated antigen (OKM1) were used to characterize 3 cytolytic effector types: CTL, NK, and ADCC. Activity was measured after treatment with Ab plus C. T cell antigen 9.3 was expressed on all CTL but gave only minimal reduction in NK or ADCC activities in the presence of C. T cell antigen 10.2 was expressed on all CTL and, in the presence of C, reduced by one-half the NK or ADCC activities. CTL were heterogeneous in expression of 9.3 and 10.2 antigens on days 5 and 7 of MLC, whereas all CTL were positive on day 9. T cell 9.6 antigen, closely associated with the E receptor, was found on all CTL and NK cells and the great majority of ADCC effectors. Our finding with 9.6 confirms by independent and more direct means the findings of others that NK and ADCC effectors reside within the sheep rosetting population. Further experiments were performed with Ab in the absence of C. Ab 9.6 was able to partially block CTL and NK activities but not ADCC effectors. Ab OKM1 was unable to block NK or ADCC activities, despite its ability in the presence of C to ablate the majority of NK and ADCC lytic activity. Ab 9.3 was capable of blocking CTL activity but not NK or ADCC activity. Treatment with Ab 10.2 had no blocking activity against CTL, NK, or ADCC effectors. In sum, these results indicate that NK and ADCC effectors express, at least in part, differentiation antigens recognized by 3 monoclonal Ab to T lymphocytes, thus suggesting that some of these effectors may derive from a T cell origin. Although NK and ADCC effectors were identical based on cell surface phenotype, Ab blocking experiments could distinguish these activities.
Design and Application of a Data-Independent Precursor and Product Ion Repository (2012)

The functional design and application of a data-independent LC-MS precursor and product ion repository for protein identification, quantification, and validation is conceptually described. The ion repository was constructed from the sequence search results of a broad range of discovery experiments investigating various tissue types of two closely related mammalian species. The relative high degree of similarity in protein complement, ion detection, and peptide and protein identification allows for the analysis of normalized precursor and product ion intensity values, as well as standardized retention times, creating a multidimensional/orthogonal queryable, qualitative, and quantitative space. Peptide ion map selection for identification and quantification is primarily based on replication and limited variation. The information is stored in a relational database and is used to create peptide- and protein-specific fragment ion maps that can be queried in a targeted fashion against the raw or time aligned ion detections. These queries can be conducted either individually or as groups, where the latter affords pathway and molecular machinery analysis of the protein complement. The presented results also suggest that peptide ionization and fragmentation efficiencies are highly conserved between experiments and practically independent of the analyzed biological sample when using similar instrumentation. Moreover, the data illustrate only minor variation in ionization efficiency with amino acid sequence substitutions occurring between species. Finally, the data and the presented results illustrate how LC-MS performance metrics can be extracted and utilized to ensure optimal performance of the employed analytical workflows.
Antimicrobial polymers containing melamine derivatives. I. Preparation and characterization of chloromelamine‐based cellulose (2004)

Abstract A reactive melamine derivative, 2‐amino‐4‐chloro‐6‐hydroxy‐ s ‐triazine (ACHT), was synthesized through the controlled hydrolysis of 2‐amino‐4,6‐dichloro‐ s ‐triazine. The reaction was characterized with Fourier transform infrared study and elemental analysis. ACHT could react with cotton cellulose at room temperature with a cold‐pad‐batch treatment process. Upon chlorination reactions, the amino group of covalently bound ACHT could be transformed into an N ‐halamine structure, providing potent, durable, and rechargeable antimicrobial activities against both gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria. The chlorination mechanism and the structure–property relationship of the treated samples were further examined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3818–3827, 2004
A curve evolution approach to smoothing and segmentation using the Mumford-Shah functional (2002)

In this work, we approach the classic Mumford-Shah problem from a curve evolution perspective. In particular we let a given family of curves define the boundaries between regions in an image within which the data are modeled by piecewise smooth functions plus noise as in the standard Mumford-Shah functional. The gradient descent equation of this functional is then used to evolve the curve. Each gradient descent step involves solving a corresponding optimal estimation problem which connects the Mumford-Shah functional and our curve evolution implementation with the theory of boundary-value stochastic processes. The resulting active contour model, therefore, inherits the attractive ability of the Mumford-Shah technique to generate, in a coupled Mumford-Shah a smooth reconstruction of the image and a segmentation as well. We demonstrate applications of our method to problems in which data quality is spatially varying and to problems in which sets of pixel measurements are missing. Finally, we demonstrate a hierarchical implementation of our model which leads to a fast and efficient algorithm capable of dealing with important image features such as triple points.
Lectins: A Possible Basis for Specificity in the <i>Rhizobium</i> —Legume Root Nodule Symbiosis (1974)

Soybean lectin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate combined specifically with all but 3 of 25 strains of the soybean-nodulating bacterium Rhizobium japonicum . The lectin did not bind to any of 23 other strains representative of rhizobia that do not nodulate soybeans. The evidence suggests that an interaction between legume lectins and Rhizobium cells may account for the specificity expressed between rhizobia and host plant in the initiation of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.
Single layer chemically amplified resist processes for device fabrication by x-ray lithography (1992)

Resist systems using synchrotron radiation x-ray lithography for the fabrication of 0.25 μm (Leff) devices has been investigated [R. Viswanathan et al. (unpublished)]. In this study, a chemically amplified negative crosslinking IBM resist, CGR [W. Conley and J. Gelorme, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 10, XXXX (1992)], for use on the contact level was the focus. Linewidth control and contrast curves of this system have been studied as a function of a number of parameters including changes in formulations. Mask limited resolution to 0.25 μm feature size (line/space array) has been achieved using a 40 μm mask-to-wafer gap. More important for device fabrication, reproducibility of exposure latitude and resist bias has been demonstrated and will be discussed. Data on the effect of postapply and postexposure bake conditions on the process will also be presented. It is of interest to note that this resist shows little change in linewidth with respect to postexposure bake temperature. This resist system was modeled using aerial images generated from xmas and a thresholding resist development model. The model indicates that the wall profiles for this resist should be somewhat more tapered for isolated spaces than for isolated lines or line/space arrays and is verified experimentally. It is believed that this is related to the slope of the aerial image at the dose used and not inherent to the resist system. A positive resist was also looked at for application on the polysilicon level. A process that has been previously described was used [(a) A. Katnani, Proc. SPIE XX, XXX (1992); (b) D. Seeger, R. Wood, J. Gelorme, and K. Stewart, KTI Interface ’89 (unpublished), p. 351; (c) R. Wood, C. Lyons, R. Mueller, and J. Conway, KTI Interface ’88 (unpublished), p. 341.] and looked at linewidth control across device wafers. Line widths for the polysilicon gates were measured across topography, across field, and from field-to-field and will be described in detail.
Th17 regulating lower airway disease (2015)

Steroid resistant severe asthma with predominant bronchial neutrophilic inflammation could benefit from IL-17 targeted therapies. In this view, the definition of clinical phenotypes and inflammatory endotypes of asthma in each patient will be necessary for personalizing the therapeutic approach.
Parkin is transcriptionally regulated by ATF4: evidence for an interconnection between mitochondrial stress and ER stress (2010)

Loss of parkin function is responsible for the majority of autosomal recessive parkinsonism. Here, we show that parkin is not only a stress-protective, but also a stress-inducible protein. Both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induce an increase in parkin-specific mRNA and protein levels. The stress-induced upregulation of parkin is mediated by ATF4, a transcription factor of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that binds to a specific CREB/ATF site within the parkin promoter. Interestingly, c-Jun can bind to the same site, but acts as a transcriptional repressor of parkin gene expression. We also present evidence that mitochondrial damage can induce ER stress, leading to the activation of the UPR, and thereby to an upregulation of parkin expression. Vice versa, ER stress results in mitochondrial damage, which can be prevented by parkin. Notably, the activity of parkin to protect cells from stress-induced cell death is independent of the proteasome, indicating that proteasomal degradation of parkin substrates cannot explain the cytoprotective activity of parkin. Our study supports the notion that parkin has a role in the interorganellar crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria to promote cell survival under stress, suggesting that both ER and mitochondrial stress can contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
Effect of Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) on Epithelial Wound Healing (1982)

The rate of reepithelialization of the rabbit cornea, receiving isotonic NaCl solution and acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) solution at 10 and 20% concentrations, following a superficial epithelial ulcer was studied by fluorescein staining, photography and light microscopy. Acetylcysteine solution does not seem to retard normal epithelial healing compared with control animals which received isotonic NaCl solution.
Efficient ZnO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-Si Sezawa Wave Convolver (1985)

A detailed design theory of the Sezawa wave convolver is developed, and the fabrication of a high-efficiency convolver using a ZnO-Si0,-Si structure is discussed. The important points to improve the efficiency are 1) an optimum choice of SAW propagation direction on the Si substrate, 2) an optimum design of the resistivily of the Si epitaxial layer and ZnO film thickness, and 3) an improvement for low- ering SAW propagation lsos and resistance of output circuit. The ex- periments were carried out for two specifications each with a 20-mm and 40-mm gate length. The highest efficiency (F,) of -35 dBm was obtained in the gate length of 20 mm while the time-bandwidth product (ET) was 107. The highest ET product of 227 was obtained in the gate length of 40 mm, while F, was -47.5 dBm. At the present time, the maximum available ETproduct is less than 320 due to the group velocity dispersion.
Bonded grid electron gun for 95 GHz extended interaction amplifier (EIA) (1983)

A high-convergence (250:1) bonded-grid-electron gun for use in 95 GHz, extended-interaction-amplifier klystrons has been designed and built at Varian Associates. Non-intercepting-gridded guns for this application require very close tolerances in grid-cathode spacings. Present shadow-grid guns cannot provide these tolerances; therefore, the bonded grid approach is a promising solution. The bonded grid consists of a metal-insulator-metal sandwich attached directly to an impregnated tungsten cathode. The metallic top surface is the control grid and the metallic surface on the bottom is the focusing grid. The bottom metallic surface provides a diffusion barrier as well as optimization control of cell beam laminarity. The major advantage of this design approach is that the close tolerances required in cathode-grid spacings for millimeter-wave applications can be easily obtained. The superiority of a bonded-grid design over present shadow-grid guns for use in high-power millimeter-wave tubes was demonstrated. A bonded-grid gun was fabricated and successfully tested in a beam tester.
Graphene as a Buffer Layer for Silicon Carbide-on-Insulator Structures (2012)

We report an innovative technique for growing the silicon carbide-on-insulator (SiCOI) structure by utilizing polycrystalline single layer graphene (SLG) as a buffer layer. The epitaxial growth was carried out using a hot-mesh chemical vapor deposition (HM-CVD) technique. Cubic SiC (3C-SiC) thin film in (111) domain was realized at relatively low substrate temperature of 750 °C. 3C-SiC energy bandgap of 2.2 eV was confirmed. The Si-O absorption band observed in the grown film can be caused by the out-diffusion of the oxygen atom from SiO2 substrate or oxygen doping during the cleaning process. Further experimental works by optimizing the cleaning process, growth parameters of the present growth method, or by using other growth methods, as well, are expected to realize a high quality SiCOI structure, thereby opening up the way for a breakthrough in the development of advanced ULSIs with multifunctionalities.
Phenotypic identification of<i>Aeromonas</i>genomospecies from clinical and environmental sources (1998)

A collection of 983 Aeromonas isolates from environmental and clinical sources have been identified to the genomospecies level. A phenotypic method identified 93% of the strains. The use of citrate and the production of acid from sorbitol enabled the members of the Aeromonas hydrophila complex to be separated. The most common genomospecies from intestinal sources were Aeromonas veronii biotype sobria and Aeromonas caviae. The former, together with A. hydrophila, was the most frequently isolated species of extraintestinal origin. Most pathogenic species were very prevalent in environmental samples, with A. veronii biotype sobria being the most common in lakes and reservoirs (41.5%) and in treated drinking water (25.0%), and A. caviae was the most common in sea water (26.0%) and milk products (35.5%). Aeromonas hydrophila (18.1%) was the second most prevalent species isolated in untreated drinking water. Since Aeromonas infections are generally regarded as a water- and food-borne diseases, the high environmental prevalence of these pathogenic genomospecies should be regarded as an important threat to public health.
Norbenzomorphan Scaffold: Chemical Tool for Modulating Sigma Receptor-Subtype Selectivity (2017)

Some norbenzomorphans exhibit high affinity for sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptors, and varying the position of substituents on the aromatic ring of this scaffold has a significant effect on subtype selectivity. In particular, compounds bearing several different substituents at C7 of the norbenzomorphan ring system exhibit a general preference for the sigma 1 receptor, whereas the corresponding C8-substituted analogues preferentially bind at the sigma 2 receptor. These findings suggest that the norbenzomorphan scaffold may be a unique chemical template that can be easily tuned to prepare small molecules for use as tool compounds to study the specific biological effects arising from preferential binding at either sigma receptor subtype. In the absence of structural characterization data for the sigma 2 receptor, such compounds will be useful toward refining the pharmacophore model of its binding site.
Basic Biomedical Sciences and the Future of Medical Education: Implications for Internal Medicine (2009)

The academic model of medical education in the United States is facing substantial challenges. Apprenticeship experiences with clinical faculty are increasingly important in most medical schools and residency programs. This trend threatens to separate clinical education from the scientific foundations of medical practice. Paradoxically, this devaluation of biomedical science is occurring as the ability to use new discoveries to rationalize clinical decision making is rapidly expanding. Understanding the scientific foundations of medical practice and the ability to apply them in the care of patients separates the physician from other health care professionals. The de-emphasis of biomedical science in medical education poses particular dangers for the future of internal medicine as the satisfaction derived from the application of science to the solving of a clinical problem has been a central attraction of the specialty. Internists should be engaged in the ongoing discussions of medical education reform and provide a strong voice in support of rigorous scientific training for the profession.
MAIZEWALL. Database and Developmental Gene Expression Profiling of Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Assembly in Maize (2006)

An extensive search for maize (Zea mays) genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and assembly has been performed and 735 sequences have been centralized in a database, MAIZEWALL (http://www.polebio.scsv.ups-tlse.fr/MAIZEWALL). MAIZEWALL contains a bioinformatic analysis for each entry and gene expression data that are accessible via a user-friendly interface. A maize cell wall macroarray composed of a gene-specific tag for each entry was also constructed to monitor global cell wall-related gene expression in different organs and during internode development. By using this macroarray, we identified sets of genes that exhibit organ and internode-stage preferential expression profiles. These data provide a comprehensive fingerprint of cell wall-related gene expression throughout the maize plant. Moreover, an in-depth examination of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis coupled to biochemical and cytological data from different organs and stages of internode development has also been undertaken. These results allow us to trace spatially and developmentally regulated, putative preferential routes of monolignol biosynthesis involving specific gene family members and suggest that, although all of the gene families of the currently accepted monolignol biosynthetic pathway are conserved in maize, there are subtle differences in family size and a high degree of complexity in spatial expression patterns. These differences are in keeping with the diversity of lignified cell types throughout the maize plant.
Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli strains defective in CDP-diglyceride hydrolase. (1984)

CDP-diglyceride, an obligatory intermediate in the biosynthesis of the glycerophospholipids in Escherichia coli, is cleaved in vitro to phosphatidic acid and CMP by a membrane-bound hydrolase. Previous work from our laboratory (Bulawa, C.E., Hermes, J.D., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 14974-14980) has demonstrated that this enzyme also catalyzes the transfer of CMP from CDP-diglyceride to phosphate and numerous phosphomonoesters. We now report the isolation of E. coli mutants which are defective in CDP-diglyceride hydrolase. These mutations, designated cdh, map at minute 88 between pfkA and tpi. This information permitted the identification of a ColE1 hybrid plasmid, pLC16-4, which causes the overproduction of hydrolase activity. The isolation of deletion and Tn10 insertion mutants at cdh suggests that the hydrolase is nonessential for cell growth. Hydrolase mutants are defective in both CDP-diglyceride hydrolysis and CDP-diglyceride-dependent cytidylylation, indicating that both activities are encoded by the cdh gene. Although previously described as a ribospecific enzyme, we have found that incubation of the partially purified hydrolase with [alpha-32P]dCDP-diglyceride and phosphate yields two products, [32P]dCMP and [alpha-32P]dCDP. That a single enzyme utilizes both CDP- and dCDP-diglyceride is demonstrated by the following. (i) The hydrolysis of [alpha-32P]CDP-diglyceride is inhibited by nonradioactive dCDP-diglyceride and vice versa. (ii) Utilization of both liponucleotides is inhibited by AMP. (iii) Mutants in the cdh gene are defective in both CDP- and dCDP-diglyceride hydrolysis, while cdh clones overproduce both activities. (iv) Hydrolase mutants accumulate both CDP- and dCDP-diglyceride.
A clustering algorithm for radiosity in complex environments (1994)

We present an approach for accelerating hierarchical radiosity by clustering objects. Previous approaches constructed effective hierarchies by subdividing surfaces, but could not exploit a hierarchical grouping on existing surfaces. This limitation resulted in an excessive number of initial links in complex environments. Initial linking is potentially the most expensive portion of hierarchical radiosity algorithms, and constrains the complexity of the environments that can be simulated. The clustering algorithm presented here operates by estimating energy transfer between collections of objects while maintaining reliable error bounds on each transfer. Two methods of bounding the transfers are employed with different tradeoffs between accuracy and time. In contrast with the O(s2) time and space complexity of the initial linking in previous hierarchical radiosity algorithms, the new methods have complexities of O(slogs) and O(s) for both time and space. Using these methods we have obtained speedups of two orders of magnitude for environments of moderate complexity while maintaining comparable accuracy.
Anti‐aging and brightening effects of a topical treatment containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and raspberry leaf cell culture extract: A split‐face, randomized controlled trial (2020)

The vitamin C, vitamin E, and raspberry leaf cell culture extract serum has anti-aging and brightening effects of skin.
Security Using Image Processing (2013)

Using image stitching and image steganography security can be provided to any image which has to be sent over the network or transferred using any electronic mode. There is a message and a secret image that has to be sent. The secret image is divided into parts.The first phase is the Encrypting Phase, which deals with the process of converting the actual secret message into ciphertext using the AES algorithm. In the second phase which is the Embedding Phase, the cipher text is embedded into any part of the secret image that is to be sent. Third phase is the Hiding Phase, where steganography is performed on the output image of Embedding Phase and other parts of the image where the parts are camouflaged by another image using least significant bit replacement. These individual parts are sent to the concerned receiver. At the receivers end decryption of Hiding phase and Embedding Phase takes place respectively. The parts obtained are stitched together using k nearest method. Using SIFT features the quality of the image is improved.