gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiscale analysis of complex systems (2001)

We calculate block information versus size profiles for two-symbol strings generated by several dynamical processes: random, periodic, regular language, and substitutive. The profiles provide a good diagnostic of the complexity of the strings.
Microanalytical system for environmental control (2002)

Flow injection analysis systems are often used to enhance the performance of chemical sensors. To reduce the fluid consumption of such a system, microtechniques offer many possibilities. In this contribution a concept is presented which combines three different transducer principles, different sensitive coatings, micropumps and microchannel systems and a sample pretreatment. It aims at five model parameters of water monitoring. An intermediate system using roller pumps, uncoated amperometric electrodes and a microchannel system was realized. Measurements show the function of such a miniaturized system.
Obstacle-Avoiding and Slew-Constrained Clock Tree Synthesis With Efficient Buffer Insertion (2014)

As VLSI technology continuously scales down, buffered clock tree synthesis (CTS) has become increasingly critical in an attempt to generate a high-performance synchronous chip design. This paper presents a novel obstacle-avoiding CTS approach with slew constraints satisfied and signal polarity corrected. We build a look-up table through NGSPICE simulation to achieve accurate buffer delay and slew, which guarantees that the final skew after NGSPICE simulation is as satisfactory as expected. Aiming at skew optimization under constraints of slew and obstacles, our CTS approach features the clock tree construction stage with the obstacle-aware topology generation algorithm called OBB, balanced insertion of candidate buffer positions and a fast heuristic buffer insertion algorithm. With an overall view on obstacles to explore the global optimization space, our CTS approach effectively overcomes the negative influence on skew brought by the obstacles. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our CTS approach with significantly improved skew and latency by 69.0% and 72.0% on average. In addition, the accuracy of the look-up table is demonstrated through the huge skew reduction by 87.3% on average. Moreover, our OBB heuristic algorithm obtains 53.2% improvement in skew than the classic balanced bipartition algorithm.
Automatic taxonomy construction from keywords (2012)

Taxonomies, especially the ones in specific domains, are becoming indispensable to a growing number of applications. State-of-the-art approaches assume there exists a text corpus to accurately characterize the domain of interest, and that a taxonomy can be derived from the text corpus using information extraction techniques. In reality, neither assumption is valid, especially for highly focused or fast-changing domains. In this paper, we study a challenging problem: Deriving a taxonomy from a set of keyword phrases. A solution can benefit many real life applications because i) keywords give users the flexibility and ease to characterize a specific domain; and ii) in many applications, such as online advertisements, the domain of interest is already represented by a set of keywords. However, it is impossible to create a taxonomy out of a keyword set itself. We argue that additional knowledge and contexts are needed. To this end, we first use a general purpose knowledgebase and keyword search to supply the required knowledge and context. Then we develop a Bayesian approach to build a hierarchical taxonomy for a given set of keywords. We reduce the complexity of previous hierarchical clustering approaches from O(n2 log n) to O(n log n), so that we can derive a domain specific taxonomy from one million keyword phrases in less than an hour. Finally, we conduct comprehensive large scale experiments to show the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. A real life example of building an insurance-related query taxonomy illustrates the usefulness of our approach for specific domains.
Queuing Model Based Edge Placement for Work Offloading in Mobile Cloud Networks (2020)

Recently, many useful services have been provided through wireless mobile devices. One of the critical issues is that mobile devices are generally built with limited computing capability, and thus may not be able to handle the complexity of many advanced services. This problem can be mitigated by offloading certain jobs from the mobile devices to the edge or cloud servers. However, the locations of the edge servers and the allocation of the offloading jobs to the edge servers can significantly affect the traffic generated in the network. Accordingly, this study conducts an investigation into the edge server placement and work allocation strategy with a focus on minimizing the total traffic load so as to achieve green communications in the mobile cloud networks. Mobile devices are assumed to be attached to the nearby node and they may send work offloading requests to the attached nodes. Meanwhile, edge servers are deployed at carefully selected nodes. The offloading jobs received by a node are assigned to a selected edge server. If the edge server is busy, the work will be forwarded to the central cloud server. Otherwise, it is processed locally in the edge server. A queuing model is adopted to evaluate the job forwarding probability at the edge servers. The problem is formulated as an integer programming problem. Two novel heuristic schemes are proposed, namely the Set-by-Set algorithm and the K -clustering algorithm. The simulation results showed that the K -clustering algorithm consistently outperforms both the Set-by-Set algorithm and the Density-Based-Clustering (DBC) algorithm presented in the literature in terms of a lower total traffic load within the network.
A Novel Wideband MIMO Channel Model and Experimental Validation (2008)

We present a novel wideband multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) channel model, which we refer to as the structured model. The structured model is based on the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of the wideband channel correlation matrix. It does not assume the scatterers at the receiver fade independently of those at the transmitter. It also models correlation between delay bins in the power delay profile (PDP). With preliminary data gathered using McMaster's wideband MIMO software defined radio (the WMSDR) in fixed outdoor locations, and Brigham Young University's (BYU) wideband channel sounder in fixed indoor locations, we show good agreement between modeled and measured data. The two platforms used and the environments in which the data were collected were very different. The proposed model performed equally well with both data sets, demonstrating its robustness.
Introduction: I read the news today … (2002)

A great deal of the world's history is the history of empires. Indeed it could be said that all history is imperial — or colonial — history, if one takes a broad enough definition and goes far enough back. Empire: A Very Short Introduction attempts to say something about the entire history of humanity, from the earliest times and right around the globe. Although the great historic imperial systems have collapsed during the past half-century, their legacies shape almost every aspect of life on a global scale.
Differences Between Vascular and Plaque Core Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease (1988)

The predominant protein of cerebrovascular and plaque core amyloid in Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, hereditary hemorrhage with amyloidosis--Dutch type, sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and age-related amyloidosis is a unique polypeptide, called beta protein. The length of the plaque amyloid protein was reported to be 42-43 residues, but the complete length of the cerebral vascular amyloid is not known. To clarify this issue, amyloid fibrils from the leptomeninges of an Alzheimer's disease patient were isolated and the primary structure determined. The complete sequence of cerebrovascular beta-amyloid protein, although homologous to the plaque core amyloid protein previously reported, has 39 residues instead of 42. Amino terminal heterogeneity is present but minimal, and it is three residues shorter at the carboxy terminus. These differences are similar to those found in two cases of hereditary hemorrhage with amyloidosis--Dutch type. The differences between vascular and plaque beta-amyloid may reflect diverse processing of the beta protein precursor in the vessel wall and brain parenchyma due to tissue-specific endopeptidases.
Studies on the molybdenum cofactor. An unequivocal total synthesis of (.+-.)-urothione (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the molybdenum cofactor. An unequivocal total synthesis of (.+-.)-urothioneEdward C. Taylor and Lawrence A. ReiterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1, 285–291Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00183a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00183a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views707Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Saliency estimation using a non-parametric low-level vision model (2011)

Many successful models for predicting attention in a scene involve three main steps: convolution with a set of filters, a center-surround mechanism and spatial pooling to construct a saliency map. However, integrating spatial information and justifying the choice of various parameter values remain open problems. In this paper we show that an efficient model of color appearance in human vision, which contains a principled selection of parameters as well as an innate spatial pooling mechanism, can be generalized to obtain a saliency model that outperforms state-of-the-art models. Scale integration is achieved by an inverse wavelet transform over the set of scale-weighted center-surround responses. The scale-weighting function (termed ECSF) has been optimized to better replicate psychophysical data on color appearance, and the appropriate sizes of the center-surround inhibition windows have been determined by training a Gaussian Mixture Model on eye-fixation data, thus avoiding ad-hoc parameter selection. Additionally, we conclude that the extension of a color appearance model to saliency estimation adds to the evidence for a common low-level visual front-end for different visual tasks.
Colon Cancer Cells Escape 5FU Chemotherapy-Induced Cell Death by Entering Stemness and Quiescence Associated with the c-Yes/YAP Axis (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Metastasis and drug resistance are the major limitations in the survival and management of patients with cancer. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying HT29 colon cancer cell chemoresistance acquired after sequential exposure to 5-fluorouracil (5FU), a classical anticancer drug for treatment of epithelial solid tumors. We examined its clinical relevance in a cohort of patients with colon cancer with liver metastases after 5FU-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. Results: We show that a clonal 5F31 cell population, resistant to 1 μmol/L 5FU, express a typical cancer stem cell–like phenotype and enter into a reversible quiescent G0 state upon reexposure to higher 5FU concentrations. These quiescent cells overexpressed the tyrosine kinase c-Yes that became activated and membrane-associated upon 5FU exposure. This enhanced signaling pathway induced the dissociation of the Yes/YAP (Yes-associated protein) molecular complex and depleted nuclear YAP levels. Consistently, YES1 silencing decreased nuclear YAP accumulation and induced cellular quiescence in 5F31 cells cultured in 5FU-free medium. Importantly, YES1 and YAP transcript levels were higher in liver metastases of patients with colon cancer after 5FU-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, the YES1 and YAP transcript levels positively correlated with colon cancer relapse and shorter patient survival (P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.025, respectively). Conclusions: We identified c-Yes and YAP as potential molecular targets to eradicate quiescent cancer cells and dormant micrometastases during 5FU chemotherapy and resistance and as predictive survival markers for colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 837–46. ©2013 AACR.
Inlined Information Flow Monitoring for JavaScript (2015)

Extant security mechanisms for web apps, notably the "same-origin policy", are not sufficient to achieve confidentiality and integrity goals for the many apps that manipulate sensitive information. The trend in web apps is "mashups" which integrate JavaScript code from multiple providers in ways that can undercut existing security mechanisms. Researchers are exploring dynamic information flow controls (IFC) for JavaScript, but there are many challenges to achieving strong IFC without excessive performance cost or impractical browser modifications. This paper presents an inlined IFC monitor for ECMAScript 5 with web support, using the no-sensitive-upgrade (NSU) technique, together with experimental evaluation using synthetic mashups and performance benchmarks. On this basis it should be possible to conduct experiments at scale to evaluate feasibility of both NSU and inlined monitoring.
Production of savinase and population viability of <i>Bacillus clausii</i> during high‐cell‐density fed‐batch cultivations (2003)

The growth and product formation of a Savinase-producing Bacillus clausii were investigated in high-cell-density fed-batch cultivations with both linear and exponential feed profiles. The highest specific productivity of Savinase was observed shortly after the end of the initial batch phase for all feed profiles applied and, in addition, there was a time-dependent decrease in specific productivity. The specific glucose uptake rate increased with time for constant specific growth rate indicating that the maintenance requirements increased with time, possibly due to a decreasing K(+) concentration. The physiological state of the cells was monitored during the cultivations using a flow cytometry assay based on the permeability of the cell membrane to propidium iodide. In the latter parts of the fed-batch cultures with a linear feed profile, a large portion of the cell population was found to have a permeable membrane, indicating a large percentage of dead cells. By assuming that only cells with a nonpermeable membrane contributed to growth and product formation, the physiological properties of this subpopulation were calculated.
A Continuously Variable Traction Drive for Heavy-Duty Agricultural and Industrial Applications (1981)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the development of a high capacity, continuously variable traction drive. The principles of the drive and alternate drive arrangements to suit specific requirements are reviewed. Efficiency, shock load and endurance test results are presented. The design of a prototype unit which has been installed in a farm tractor is discussed. Applications to other self-propelled farm machinery are suggested.</div>
2‐D and 3‐D Image Registration (2004)

Image registration is the process of establishing point-by-point correspondence between two images of a scene. This process is needed in various computer vision applications, such as stereo depth perception, motion analysis, change detection, object localization, object recognition, and image fusion. This course will cover the basics of image registration, including feature selection, feature correspondence, and transformation functions. Techniques for both 2-D and 3-D (volumetric) images will be covered and examples of rigid and nonrigid registration using remote sensing, medical, and industrial images will be given.
Discovery of a Novel Allosteric Modulator of 5-HT3 Receptors (2012)

The ligand-gated ion channels in the Cys-loop receptor superfamily mediate the effects of neurotransmitters acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA, and glycine. Cys-loop receptor signaling is susceptible to modulation by ligands acting through numerous allosteric sites. Here we report the discovery of a novel class of negative allosteric modulators of the 5-HT(3) receptors (5-HT(3)Rs). PU02 (6-[(1-naphthylmethyl)thio]-9H-purine) is a potent and selective antagonist displaying IC(50) values of ~1 μM at 5-HT(3)Rs and substantially lower activities at other Cys-loop receptors. In an elaborate mutagenesis study of the 5-HT(3)A receptor guided by a homology model, PU02 is demonstrated to act through a transmembrane intersubunit site situated in the upper three helical turns of TM2 and TM3 in the (+)-subunit and TM1 and TM2 in the (-)-subunit. The Ser(248), Leu(288), Ile(290), Thr(294), and Gly(306) residues are identified as important molecular determinants of PU02 activity with minor contributions from Ser(292) and Val(310), and we propose that the naphthalene group of PU02 docks into the hydrophobic cavity formed by these. Interestingly, specific mutations of Ser(248), Thr(294), and Gly(306) convert PU02 into a complex modulator, potentiating and inhibiting 5-HT-evoked signaling through these mutants at low and high concentrations, respectively. The PU02 binding site in the 5-HT(3)R corresponds to allosteric sites in anionic Cys-loop receptors, which emphasizes the uniform nature of the molecular events underlying signaling through the receptors. Moreover, the dramatic changes in the functional properties of PU02 induced by subtle changes in its binding site bear witness to the delicate structural discrimination between allosteric inhibition and potentiation of Cys-loop receptors.
Abstract 4659: Phase II study of a weekly liposomal paclitaxel formulation (Genexol®-PM) and gemcitabine® combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced biliary cancer. (2013)

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Advanced biliary cancer is associated with a poor prognosis due to wide resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. This phase II clinical trial was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of weekly gemcitabine and liposomal paclitaxel in patients with unresectable of metastatic biliary cancer. METHODS: The eligibility criteria were patients 1) with pathologically proven biliary cancer, 2) with an ECOG performance status 0 to 2, 3) aged more than 18, 4) with measurable lesions, 5) with adequate hematologic, renal and liver functions, and 6) who provided written informed consent. Each treatment cycle was consisted of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m² and liposomal paclitaxel (Genexol-PM)100 mg/m² on days 1, 8 followed by rest perioid of 14 days. It was repeated until the appearance of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity up to maximal 10 cycles. The primary end point of this study was reponse rate, and secondary end points included toxicity, progression free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: Forty five patients were enrolled; median age was 63 years; male (n=33) and female (n=12). The median number of cycles administered was 4.0 (range,1-10). Thirty nine patients were assessable for efficacy. Ten partial responses and 18 stable diseases were confirmed. Giving an overall response rate was 25.6% and disease control rate was 71.8% in per-protocol population. The median time to progression and median overall survival was 4.0 (95% CI; 3.17∼4.83) months and 8.13 (95% CI; 4.76∼11.51) months, respectively. MUC4 expression was not significantly correlated with overall survival and progression free survival (p=0.391). CONCLUSION: Weekly gemcitabine combined with Genexol-PM® appears to be effective against advanced biliary cancers. Further randomized trials are needed to confirm this finding. Citation Format: Keon Uk Keon Uk, Jin Young Kim, Young Rok Do, Hong Suk Song, Young June Jeon, Hun Mo Ryoo, Sung Hwa Bae, Jong Gwang Kim, Jin Ho Baek, Yee Soo Chae, Min Kyoung Kim, Kyung Hee Lee, Yoon Young Cho. Phase II study of a weekly liposomal paclitaxel formulation (Genexol®-PM) and gemcitabine® combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced biliary cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4659. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4659
Nutritional evaluation of the germ meal and its protein isolate obtained from the carob seed (<i>Ceratonia siliqua</i>) in the rat (1980)

1. Evaluation of the germ meal (CGM) of carob seed (Ceratonia siliqua) and its protein isolate was carried out with weanling rats. Comparisons were made with casein, soya-bean meal, whole defatted egg and a soya-bean protein isolate (Promine-D) as protein sources. The growth-promoting effects and certain biological indices were evaluated using the protein efficiency ratio (PER), biological value (BV) and net protein utilization (NPU) bioassay procedures. 2. The unsupplemented CGM had a PER of 1.66 +/- 0.09 and an NPU of 0.58 +/- 0.013. Addition of DL-methionine at 4, 8 and 12 g/kg diet resulted in a PER of 1.95 +/- 0.11, 2.01 +/- 0.11 and 1.90 +/- 0.11 respectively. The corresponding BV values were 0.80 +/- 0.003, 0.78 +/- 0.015 and 0.74 +/- 0.011, and those for NPU 0.69 +/- 0.013, 0.66 +/- 0.026 and 0.63 +/- 0.020 respectively. The addition of amino acids improved the PER (2.24--2.59), BV (0.78--0.79) and NPU (0.71--0.73) values. 3. The BV and NPU assays for the unsupplemented carob germ isolate were low (BV 0.36 +/- 0.016, NPU 0.35 +/- 0.015). Supplementation with amino acids resulted in a positive increase with values of 0.66 +/- 0.013 and 0.64 +/- 0.013 for BV and NPU respectively.
Efficient channel estimation for LTE uplink (2009)

In this paper we propose efficient channel estimation for Long Term Evolution (LTE) uplink multi-user (MU) over frequency-selective fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. By exploiting the properties of reference signals (RS), we find a special form of signal model. Based on the special form, firstly, we propose a low complexity spline interpolation based channel estimator. Then, to improve the interpolation performance we propose a new extendible inverse discrete cosine transform (EIDCT) and a DCT/EIDCT-based approach. For their limited performance, we derive a more accurate channel estimator based on the DCT/EIDCT approach with low-complexity implantation. In two DCT/EIDCT-based estimators, signal first performs DCT, then optimal channel estimation in least square (LS) and linear minimal mean square error (MMSE) in DCT-domain is derived respectively. After obtaining the DCT-domain parameters, the new EIDCT gives accurate recover of signal. Finally, the performance of the proposed channel estimation is verified via simulation.
Using Google Scholar to conduct a literature search (2010)

This article provides information about conducting a literature search on the Google Scholar website. The article briefly describes how to narrow or expand a search and how to find non-journal literature. Although Google Scholar is not without limitations, it offers a practical starting point for a literature search.