gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benzene Selectivity in Competitive Arene Hydrogenation: Effects of Single-Site Catalyst···Acidic Oxide Surface Binding Geometry (2015)

Organozirconium complexes are chemisorbed on Brønsted acidic sulfated ZrO2 (ZrS), sulfated Al2O3 (AlS), and ZrO2-WO3 (ZrW). Under mild conditions (25 °C, 1 atm H2), the supported Cp*ZrMe3, Cp*ZrBz3, and Cp*ZrPh3 catalysts are very active for benzene hydrogenation with activities declining with decreasing acidity, ZrS ≫ AlS ≈ ZrW, arguing that more Brønsted acidic oxides (those having weaker corresponding conjugate bases) yield stronger surface organometallic electrophiles and for this reason have higher benzene hydrogenation activity. Benzene selective hydrogenation, a potential approach for carcinogenic benzene removal from gasoline, is probed using benzene/toluene mixtures, and selectivities for benzene hydrogenation vary with catalyst as ZrBz3(+)/ZrS(-), 83% > Cp*ZrMe2(+)/ZrS(-), 80% > Cp*ZrBz2(+)/ZrS(-), 67% > Cp*ZrPh2(+)/ZrS(-), 57%. For Cp*ZrBz2(+)/ZrS(-), which displays the highest benzene hydrogenation activity with moderate selectivity in benzene/toluene mixtures. Other benzene/arene mixtures are examined, and benzene selectivities vary with arene as mesitylene, 99%, > ethylbenzene, 86% > toluene, 67%. Structural and computational studies by solid-state NMR spectroscopy, XAS, and periodic DFT methods applied to supported Cp*ZrMe3 and Cp*ZrBz3 indicate that larger Zr···surface distances are present in more sterically encumbered Cp*ZrBz2(+)/AlS(-) vs Cp*ZrMe2(+)/AlS(-). The combined XAS, solid state NMR, and DFT data argue that the bulky catalyst benzyl groups expand the "cationic" metal center-anionic sulfated oxide surface distances, and this separation/weakened ion-pairing enables the activation/insertion of more sterically encumbered arenes and influences hydrogenation rates and selectivity patterns.
Synergy of Lewis and Brønsted Acids on Catalytic Hydrothermal Decomposition of Hexose to Levulinic Acid (2013)

The mixed-acid systems of four Lewis acids (FeCl3, CrCl3, ZnCl2, and CuCl2) combining three Brønsted acids (H2SO4, HCl, and H3PO4) were evaluated for the decomposition of glucose to produce levulinic acid (LA). The CrCl3–H3PO4 system had a strong synergic catalytic activity for the decomposition of glucose to LA. The effects of the ratio of CrCl3 and H3PO4 on glucose, fructose, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) decompositions were investigated. The mixed-acid system showed the strongest synergic catalytic activity for glucose, fructose, and 5-HMF decompositions when the ratio of CrCl3 in the CrCl3–H3PO4 system was 0.4–0.5. To probe the synergic catalysis mechanism of the CrCl3–H3PO4 system, the synergic catalytic activities of CrCl3–phosphates (KH2PO4, K2HPO4, and K3PO4) systems on glucose decomposition were also evaluated. The possible synergic catalysis mechanisms were proposed. This study provides insights for the synergic catalysis mechanism of hexose conversion to yield LA.
Receptor levels in breast cancer. (1988)

This report provides information regarding the relative importance of ER and PgR alone and both, as markers, in 352 breast cancers. We observed that the presence of ER not involves the presence of PgR, while the presence of PgR assumes an estrogenic action even if the lowest. In addition the presence of PgR+ depends also on ER negative-detectable (91.42% of the cases) such as we were able to observe that PgR+ was associated with ER negative-undetectable, only in 8.57% of cases. Moreover within the positivity of the couple of ER/PgR, the prognostic value is correlated at ER+ levels, while the predictive value is correlated at PgR+ levels.
Association of articular cartilage degradation and loss of boundary‐lubricating ability of synovial fluid following injury and inflammatory arthritis (2005)

Loss of boundary-lubricating ability of SF after injury is associated with damage to the articular cartilage matrix. This can be attributed to inflammatory processes resulting from the injury, particularly in the early phases. This association also exists in patients with acute knee injuries or progressive chronic inflammatory arthritis.
Parametric keyframe interpolation incorporating kinetic adjustment and phrasing control (1985)

Parametric keyframing is a popular animation technique where values for parameters which control the position, orientation, size, and shape of modeled objects are determined at key times, then interpolated for smooth animation. Typically the parameter values defined by the keyframes are interpolated by spline techniques with the result that the parameter change kinetics are implicitly defined by the given keyframe times and data points. Existing interpolation systems for animation are examined and found to lack certain desirable features such as continuity of acceleration or convenient kinetic control. The requirements of interpolation for animation are analyzed in order to determine the characteristics of a satisfactory system. A new interpolation system is developed and implemented which incorporates second-derivative continuity (continuity of acceleration), local control, convenient kinetic control, and joining and phrasing of successive motions. Phrasing control includes the ability to parametrically control the degree and extent of smooth motion flow between separately defined motions.
4D-CMA: Enabling Separation of Channel Compensation and Polarization Demultiplex (2015)

We propose a 4D-CMA feedback for butterfly filter adaptation enabling separation of channel compensation and polarization demultiplex. Using a digital polarization controller for demultiplex we demonstrate feasibility and ∼10-fold speed increase compared to standard CMA.
Robust synchronization of software clocks across the internet (2004)

Accurate, reliable timestamping which is also convenient and inexpensive is needed in many important areas including real-time network applications and network measurement.Recently the TSC register, which counts CPU cycles in popular PC architectures, was proposed as the basis of a new software clock which in terms of rate performance performs as well as more expensive GPS alternatives.Smooth and precise clock rate is essential to measure time differences accurately.We show how to define a TSC based clock which is also accurate with respect to absolute time.The clock is calibrated by processing, in a novel way, timestamps contained in the usual flow of Network Time Protocol (NTP) packets between a NTP server and the existing software clock, and TSC timestamps made independently on the host side.Using real measurements over 4 months, validated with a GPS synchronized hardware timing solution, the algorithm measured absolute time with a median error of only 30 microseconds when using a nearby stratum-1 NTP server.Results for two other servers are given.We also provide new algorithms for the robust determination of clock rate.We exploit the reliability of the available hardware to design synchronization algorithms which are inherently robust to many factors including packet loss, server outages, route changes, temperature environment, and network congestion.
Chemokine expression by intraepithelial γ δ T cells. Implications for the recruitment of inflammatory cells to damaged epithelia (1996)

T cells expressing gamma delta TCR may have evolved to recognize Ag in a different manner as well as perform a broader set of functions than T cells with alpha beta TCR. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC) bearing the invariant V gamma 3V delta 1 TCR may be able to signal the migration of peripheral alpha beta T cells to the epidermis by secreting specific chemokines. Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, RANTES, and lymphotactin was inducible in DETC 7-17 cells, whereas mRNA for monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 could not be detected. Strikingly, lymphotactin was the most abundant chemokine produced by activated DETC 7-17 cells. Activated primary DETC cultures also produced copious amounts of lymphotactin mRNA. Similarly, freshly isolated and activated intestinal intraepithelial T cells (i-IEL) with gamma delta TCR expressed high levels of lymphotactin mRNA. In contrast, lymphotactin mRNA was present in activated spleen gamma delta T cells at low basal levels. Migration of CD8+ T cells induced by culture supernatants from stimulated DETC 7-17 cells was strongly reduced in the presence of a neutralizing anti-lymphotactin antiserum and to a lesser extent by neutralizing anti-MIP-1 alpha, anti-MIP-1 beta, or anti-RANTES antiserum. The presence of lymphotactin in supernatants from activated DETC 7-17 cultures was directly demonstrated by Western blot analysis. These observations are consistent with a model in which gamma delta IEL play an active multi-faceted role in the maintenance of epithelia homeostasis.
The form II fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and phosphoribulokinase genes form part of a large operon in Rhodobacter sphaeroides: primary structure and insertional mutagenesis analysis (1990)

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and phosphoribulokinase (PRK) are two key enzymes of the reductive pentose phosphate pathway or Calvin cycle of photosynthetic carbon dioxide assimilation. Early studies had indicated that the properties of enzymes isolated from photosynthetic bacteria were clearly distinct from those of enzymes obtained from the chloroplasts of higher plants [for a review, see Tabita (1988)]. The eucaryotic enzymes, which are light activated by the thioredoxin/ferredoxin system (Buchanan, 1980), were each shown to contain a putative regulatory amino acid sequence (Marcus et al., 1988; Porter et al., 1988). The enzymes from photosynthetic bacteria are not controlled by the thioredoxin/ferredoxin system but exhibit complex kinetic properties and, in the case of PRK, there is an absolute requirement of NADH for activity. In the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the structural genes of the Calvin cycle, including the genes that encode FBPase (fbp) and PRK (prk), are found in two distinct clusters, and the fbp and prk genes are closely associated in each cluster. In the present investigation, we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the fbpB and prkB genes of the form II cluster and have compared the deduced amino acid sequences to previously determined sequences of light-activated enzymes from higher plants and from other eucaryotic and procaryotic sources. In the case of FBPase, there are several regions that are conserved in the R. sphaeroides enzymes, including a protease-sensitive area located in a region equivalent to residues 51-71 of mammalian FBPase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The first general index of molecular complexity (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe first general index of molecular complexitySteven H. BertzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 12, 3599–3601Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00402a071Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1755Altmetric-Citations269LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (411 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sub-wavelength focal spot with long depth of focus generated by radially polarized, narrow-width annular beam (2010)

We demonstrate the formation of a sub-wavelength focal spot with a long depth of focus using a radially polarized, narrow-width annular beam. Theoretical analysis predicts that a tighter focal spot (approximately 0.4 lambda) and longer depth of focus (more than 4 lambda) can be formed by a longitudinal electric field when the width of the annular part of the beam is decreased. Experimental measurements using a radially polarized beam from a photonic crystal laser agree well with these predictions. Tight focal spots with long depths of focus have great potential for use in high-tolerance, high-resolution applications in optical systems.
Adding Electronic Records to the Archival Menagerie: Appraisal Concerns and Cautions (1990)

Electronic records are significantly different from most of the records held in institutional archives and, thus, they must be appraised and evaluated for accessioning with different and additional factors in mind. The archival predilection for discussing electronic records only within the context of preservation issues fosters the misconception that--given optimum environmental conditions--electronic media may be considered an archival or long-term storage format. This is not a realistic assessment. Electronic media should be approached as a transitory information format in the archives. The mistaken beliefs that electronic recording formats are long-term storage media and that the readily apparent and sometimes superficial advantages of the volume-to-data ratio of electronic records when compared to other formats have led to the excessive accessioning of machine-readable records into some institutional archives with inadequate reasons to justify the transfer.
The Impact of Insurance Prices on Decision Making Biases: An Experimental Analysis (2003)

Abstract This article tests whether the use of endogenous risk categorization by insurers enables consumers to make better‐informed decisions even if they do not choose to purchase insurance. We do so by adding a simple insurance market to an experimental test of optimal (Bayesian) updating. In some sessions, no insurance is offered. In others, actuarially fair insurance prices are posted, and a subset of subjects is allowed to purchase this insurance. We find significant differences in the decision rules used depending on whether one observes insurance prices. Although the majority of choices correspond to Bayesian updating, the incidence of optimal decisions is higher in sessions with an insurance option. Most subjects given the option to purchase actuarially fair insurance choose to do so. However, fewer subjects purchase insurance when the probability of a loss is higher.
Solar energy storage subsystems for the heating and cooling of buildings (1975)

Technical change is crucial for sustainable development. Yet, it is unclear what kind\nof technology policy would suit such development. In this article constructive tech\nnology assessment (CTA) is offered as a model. CTA proposes broadening design by\nbringing together all interested parties early on and throughout the design process.\nCTA activities are not automatically directed at substantive goals such as those\nincorporated in the notion of sustainable development. The purpose of CTA is to\nshape technology development processes in such a way that social aspects are sym\nmetrically considered in the process itself. To evaluate and shape CTA processes\nthree criteria are offered: anticipation, reflexivity and social learning. These criteria\nare applied to three case-studies to illustrate their usefulness.
Waveguides in Lithium Niobate (1989)

Lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 is considered to be the leading electrooptical material for fabrication of active waveguides, modulators, and switches for application in integrated optical circuits. LiNbO 3 is a ferroelectric material with a high Curie temperature of 1210°C. This is essential to permit rapid diffusion at high temperature, e.g., >1000°C, without domain reversal. Its high electrooptic coefficient allows modulation at relatively low voltages. Waveguides are fabricated in LiNbO 3 by Ti indiffusion around 1000°C, by Li 2 O outdiffusion, and, more recently, by Li + /H + ion exchange. We report results of a study on diluted Li + /H + ion exchange. This process is attractive because it allows control of the index change between 0.003 and 0.1 Furthermore, the fabricated waveguides are polarization selective, have high optical damage resistance, and do not exhibit index instability as is the case with complete Li + /H + exchange. The variation in both the index of refraction and the diffusion coefficient with composition is very nonlinear. Mechanisms contributing to these nonlinear properties are discussed.
A Low THD, Low Power, High Output-Swing Time-Mode-Based Tunable Oscillator Via Digital Harmonic-Cancellation Technique (2010)

An architectural solution for designing and implementing low THD oscillators is presented. A digital harmonic-cancellation-block is used to suppress the low-frequency harmonics while a passive, inherently linear, filter is used to suppress the high-frequency ones. The proposed technique eliminates the need for typical high-Q BPF to suppress the harmonics. Thus, eradicates the effect of increasing device nonlinearities in the nanometric technologies by having pure digital solution. In addition, eliminating the need for high-Q band-pass-filter (BPF) releases the output swing from the constraints imposed by the linearity of the filter. The prototype is fabricated in 0.13 ¿m CMOS technology. Measurement results show -72 dB THD at 10 MHz along with a differential output swing of 228 mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> . The oscillator prototype can be tuned from 5 MHz to 11 MHz with less than 4.5 dB variations in the THD. The circuit consumes 3.37 mA from 1.2 V supply at 10 MHz and occupies an area of 0.186 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . As the performance depends solely on the timing precision of digital signals, the proposed oscillator is considered the best time-mode-based oscillator in literature.
A Novel Reduced-Size Edge-Shorted Patch Antenna for UHF Band Applications (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this letter, we present a novel printed patch antenna design in the UHF band. This antenna consists of an edge-shorted patch, parasitic element, and metal reflector, making it easy to combine directional, high-gain, low cross-polarization and wide bandwidth. Reduction in patch size of up to 50% with respect to a traditional rectangular patch operating at the same frequency is obtained. The experimental results of the constructed prototype are presented. </para>
The Euler-Diderot Anecdote (1942)

(1942). The Euler-Diderot Anecdote. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 302-303.
Evaluation of novel cross -linking agents for gelatin/collagen matrices (2004)

Useful for drug delivery systems, natural polymer matrix systems, such as gelatin, have been formulated for localized drug delivery. The main limitations of gelatin are its extensive swelling, rapid dissolution and drug release. To slow drug release, chemical cross-linking agents have been used to form relatively non-soluble networks. Sucrose and fructose were used as cross-linking agents in a gelatin-based matrix. Additional studies evaluated two process variables: casting and curing (ambient or refrigerated temperatures, vacuum drying and lyophilization) methods. The optimized gelatin/sugar matrices were then compared to varying concentrations of gelatin/formaldehyde matrices. Matrix erosion studies were completed to monitor percent swelling and maintenance of physical integrity. Thermal analysis studies were performed to thermally characterize the matrices. Optimized formulations were loaded with drug and the release profiles of these matrices were characterized and compared. Qualitative and quantitative studies were completed, under sink and non-sink conditions. Diffusion based models were applied for identification of the mechanisms controlling drug release from these matrices.;The use of native sugars as cross-linking agents enhances matrix performance and overall stability while decreasing the risks associated with aldehydes. It was determined that lyophilization provided optimum matrix curing. The use of ethanol as a dispersing agent offered little advantage over water. Comparison of gelatin/sugar and gelatin/formaldehyde matrices demonstrated that the sugars decrease the swelling of the matrix, but do not maintain the prolonged erosion time seen with the gelatin/formaldehyde matrices. Visual release studies revealed that an initial burst followed by a gradual release is seen until there is no dye in the matrix. Visual studies also demonstrated that two different solutes transport out of the matrices at different rates. In vitro release and modeling studies revealed that the dye release appears to be diffusion-controlled, with minimal affect of swelling on release kinetics.;These studies demonstrate the viability of the use of sucrose and fructose, in combination with lyophilization, as cross-linking agents for gelatin-based systems. While these sugars could not replace formaldehyde in formulations needed for extended sustained release delivery (>2 day), the sugars offer a better alternative in formulations requiring an extended release of drug over 12--48 hours.
Solubility of CO<sub>2</sub> in Sulfonate Ionic Liquids at High Pressure (2004)

In this work, the solubility of CO2 in sulfonate ionic liquids (ILs), such as trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium dodecylbenzenesulfonates ([P6,6,6,14][C12H25PhSO3]) and trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium mesylate ([P6,6,6,14][MeSO3]), was determined at temperatures ranging from (305 to 325) K and pressures ranging from (4 to 9) MPa. It was found that the difference of the solubility of CO2 in two kinds of sulfonate ILs is not dramatic on the basis of molality. The solubility of CO2 in [P6,6,6,14][MeSO3] is higher than that in [P6,6,6,14][C12H25PhSO3]. The solubility data were correlated by means of the extended Henry's law, and the thermodynamic functions, such as the standard enthalpy, standard Gibbs free energy, and standard entropy, were obtained. The Henry's law constant for CO2 in all the investigated ionic liquids increases with increasing temperature.
Tilted directional response patterns formed by amplitude weighting and a single 90° phase shift (1976)

It is shown that by appropriately processing the output signals of the elements in a symmetric array, a tilted sum pattern or difference pattern can be produced without numerous delay lines or phase-shift networks. The tilted pattern is achieved by combining, in proper phase, two outputs of an array; the first output is that of a particular amplitude weighted phase-symmetric array while the second is that of a particular amplitude weighted phase-antisymmetric array. To achieve the proper phase relationship between these two outputs, one of them must be phase shifted by ±90°. Theoretical calculations and experimental results are presented for the case of a line array of nine elements that are equally spaced a half-wavelength apart; both a sum pattern and a difference pattern tilted to 30° from the normal to the line array, by this method, are shown. The variation of the side-lobe levels of these tilted patterns is examined as the ±90° phase shift is perturbed. The possibility of using this technique to continuously vary the angle of tilt is discussed. Subject Classification: [43]20.55; [43]30.50; [43]60.30; [43]35.54.