gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superficial antigens of Campylobacter (Vibrio) fetus: characterization of antiphagocytic component (1975)

A glycoprotein responsible for the antiphagocytic properties of Campylobacter fetus has been identified by comparing cells of a wild-type strain with those of a mutant lacking this substance. The antiphagocytic component is demonstrable through electron microscopy as a discrete, negatively charged structure on the periphery of the cell. CLT is readily removed from the cell by mild extraction procedures and contributes to the inagglutinability in O antiserum normally displayed by C. fetus. Cells possessing this antigen are refractory to ingestion by macrophages except in the presence of specific antiserum. In its absence maximum phagocytosis occurs without a requirement for opsonins. It is concluded that the antiphagocytic component comprises a critical virulence factor of the bacterium.
Simulations of Blast Wave and Fireball Occurring Due to Rupture of High-Pressure Hydrogen Tank (2017)

In the present study, pilot simulations of the phenomena of blast wave and fireball generated by the rupture of a high-pressure (35 MPa) hydrogen tank (volume 72 L) due to fire were carried out. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model includes the realizable k-ε model for turbulence and the eddy dissipation model coupled with the one-step chemical reaction mechanism for combustion. The simulation results were compared with experimental data on a stand-alone hydrogen tank rupture in a bonfire test. The simulations provided insights into the interaction between the blast wave propagation and combustion process. The simulated blast wave decay is approximately identical to the experimental data concerning pressure at various distances. Fireball is first ignited at the ground level, which is considered to be due to stagnation flow conditions. Subsequently, the flame propagates toward the interface between hydrogen and air.
On the Control of Robots with Elastic Joints (1985)

The problem of controlling robots with flexible joints is considered. After recalling the exact nonlinear model it is shown that the model is singularly perturbed if joints are nearly stiff. Singular perturbation techniques are used to add a stabilizing control signal to well established control laws obtained under the assumption of stiff joints.
Definitions of effective energy in computed tomography (1981)

3 distinct effective energies are considered: the effective linear attenuation coefficient energy; the Hounsfield number in a polyenergetic beam; the effective spectral spectral.
Calcium Mobilization in Ovarian Cancer Cells in Response to Lysophospholipids (2003)

Intracellular free Ca(2+)concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) plays a critical role in regulating many diverse cellular functions including cell proliferation and programmed cell death (apoptosis) (1). An elevation in [Ca(2+)](i) activates enzymes (phospholipase A(2), phospho- lipase D and some isoforms of protein kinase C) associated with the liberation of bioactive lipids such as arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) (1,2). AA and its metabolites have been implicated in multiple steps of carcinogenesis (3,4). LPA as well as several other bioactive lipids stimulate release of Ca(2+)from intracellular stores and regulate proliferation of ovarian cancer cells I5-7).
climate change Adaptation for building Designers: An Introduction (2011)

Adapting building designs for climate change is about managing the unavoidable. While there is debate around what level of adaptation is needed, there is growing awareness that design practices need to take into account predictions of increased risk and intensity of extreme events. This paper examines potential climate change effects on buildings, highlights the potential for capacity building through education, and presents examples of adaptive strategies for building design.
Injection Molding (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInjection MoldingMaurice L. Macht, Walter E. Rahm, and Harold W. PaineCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1941, 33, 5, 563–567Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1941https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50377a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts
Comparison of virtual arrays for MIMO radar applications based on hexagonal configurations (2015)

In this contribution a MIMO radar concept based on a hexagonal configuration of antenna elements is presented. The concept has been designed for a radar system with 7 transmitting and 7 receiving antenna elements and has been compared to a common two dimensional MIMO arrangement. It is shown that the presented hexagonal setup improves the side lobe suppression by 3 dB while enhancing the angular resolution to 13.8°. Furthermore a thinning method for the hexagonal arrangement is presented. Finally, radar measurements have been performed in order to compare the performance of the concepts in a close range scenario.
Feasibility of Battery Backup for Flight Recorders (1999)

On March 9, 1999, the National Transportation Safety issued Recommendations A-99-16 and A-99-17 calling for revisions to the FAA Regulations dealing with Cockpit Voice Recorders and their installation in commercial aircraft. These recommendations read as follows. (1) Require retrofit after January 1, 2005, of all cockpit voice recorders (CVRs) on all airplanes required to carry both a CVR and a flight data recorder (FDR) with a CVR that (a) meets Technical Standard Order (TSO) C123a, (b) is capable of recording the last 2 hours of audio, and (c) is fitted with an independent power source that is located with the digital CVR and that automatically engages and provides 10 minutes of operation whenever aircraft power to the recorder ceases, either by normal shutdown or by a loss of power to the bus (A-99-16). (2) Require all aircraft manufactured after January 1, 2003, that must carry both a cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and a digital flight data recorder (DFDR) to be equipped with two combination (CVR/DFDR) recording systems. One system should be located as close to the cockpit as practicable and the other as far aft as practicable. Both recording systems should be capable of recording all mandatory data parameters covering the previous 25 hours of operation and all cockpit audio including controller–pilot data link messages for the previous 2 hours of operation. The system located near the cockpit should be provided with an independent power source that is located with the combination recorder, and that automatically engages and provides 10 minutes of operation whenever normal aircraft power ceases, either by normal shutdown or by a loss of power to the bus. The aft system should be powered by the bus that provides the maximum reliability for operation without jeopardizing service to essential or emergency loads, whereas the system near the cockpit should be powered by the bus that provides the second highest reliability for operation without jeopardizing service to essential or emergency loads (A-99-17). A key element of these recommendations is the requirement to provide an independent power source which provides 10 minutes of continued operation following the removal of the main aircraft power. This paper will discuss the feasibility of an independent power source for the Flight Data Recorder and the Cockpit Voice Recorder. And in addition, offer two options for complying with the recommended requirement and offer some comparative analysis of the two options.
Thermostable Ornithine Aminotransferase from Bacillus sp. YM-2: Purification and Characterization (1995)

Thermostable L-ornithine: alpha-ketoglutarate delta-aminotransferase (L-ornithine: 2-oxo-acid 5-aminotransferase) [EC 2.6.1.13] was purified to homogeneity from Bacillus sp. YM-2. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 82,000 and consists of two subunits with identical molecular weights. The enzyme catalyzes transamination from L-ornithine to alpha-ketoglutarate, producing L-glutamate and L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde, which is spontaneously dehydrated to L-delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, and the enzyme is most active at 70 degrees C. In addition to L-ornithine, the enzyme unexpectedly acts on D-ornithine, the reaction rate being 6% of that for L-ornithine. The enzyme contains 1 mol each of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and another vitamin B6 compound per mol. The enzyme released the bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, as judged from the absorption at 425 nm on incubation with 2.0 M guanidine hydrochloride. The resultant inactive enzyme still gave a 340-nm peak and contained 1 mol of the vitamin B6 compound. The partial amino acid sequence shows high homology with those of mammalian and yeast ornithine delta-aminotransferases.
Lessons learned from automating tests for an operations support system (2002)

Abstract We present experience gained in automating tests for an operations support system. A major portion of the effort was devoted to extending a commercial test tool so that testers could easily manipulate graphical user interface (GUI) objects on two implementations of the application. For this purpose, we developed a test automation library as support infrastructure for writing tests. The challenges and tradeoffs are discussed such as simplicity/complexity for a tester versus a library developer, hiding/exposing window hierarchy to the tester, providing common methods for different types of GUI objects, transparently manipulating custom GUI widgets, and coping with data‐dependent test cases. We discuss the requirements of test code reusability, maintainability, and portability, and describe the solutions we found. In addition, we offer observations about benefits and pitfalls of test automation, our recommendations for maximizing return on investment, and results from automating a variety of tests. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peak power reduction techniques for multi-channel SC-OFDM (2011)

SC-OFDM (single carrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) has received considerable attention in recent years due to its low peak power and robust performance against multipath fading channels. There are emerging demands in a variety of wireless communication systems to transmit multiple SC-OFDM signals in different channels to improve bandwidth efficiency. However, the peak power of such multi channel SCOFDM (MCH-SC-OFDM) signals increases as more signals are multiplexed. In this paper, we present two techniques which can lower the peak power of MCH-SC-OFDM signals by applying phase rotation to SC-OFDM signals in the frequency domain. It is shown through simulation results that the proposed techniques do not introduce any penalties on error performance of the receivers.
Lesions Produced by Feline Picornaviruses of Different Virulence in Pathogen-Free Cats (1973)

Sixteen pathogen-free cats were exposed by aerosol to either of two feline picornavirus isolates. The isolates used were picornavirus-255 and kidney-cell-degenerating virus. These viruses were selected to represent picornavirus prototypes of high and low virulence, respectively. Picornavirus-255 consistently produced depression, anorexia, and pneumonia. There were no lesions in the upper respiratory tract or conjunctiva, nor were there clinical signs of upper respiratory disease. The pulmonary lesions began as multifocal exudative pneumonia that progressed rapidly to interstitial pneumonia characterized by marked adenomatoid proliferation of pneumocytes. Three weeks after exposure the pulmonary lesions were principally resolved. It also produced discrete lingual and palatine ulcers that were easily detected. Experimental infection with kidney-cell-degenerating virus resulted only in transient fever and tiny vesicles and ulcerations of the lingual and tonsillar mucosae that could easily escape detection. No significant respiratory lesions were induced by kidney cell degenerating virus.
Efficient method to treat parameters' uncertainties in complex circuits (2006)

In the present work we study the treatment of parameters' uncertainties in complex circuits, i.e. composed by lumped and distributed elements. These problems are usually treated by the use of Monte Carlo techniques, which are extremely time consuming. A simple procedure for the calculation of the upper and lower limit of the response is defined by using the wavelet expansion in time domain. When only a part of the circuit is affected by uncertainties we use the Thevenin's equivalent in the wavelet domain (straightforwardly evaluated) to further reduce the analysis' complexity
蓋希文器樂音樂語法的風格策略－以《藍色狂想曲》、《F調鋼琴協奏曲》與《一個美國人在巴黎》為例 (2006)

“Implication-realization” is the foundation of Leonard B. Meyer’s theory of tonal music. Based on Meyer’s theory, this paper introduces George Gershwin’s musical style by analyzing his orchestral works includung “Rhapsody in Blue,” “An American in Paris,” and “Concerto in F for Piano and Orchestra.” This paper begins with the analysis of melodies, applying the “implication-realization” model and the theory of musical rhetorics to explore the strategies of Gershwin’s musical phrases. Then this paper discusses the relationship between harmony and melody. Finally, this paper intends to highlight Gershwin’s musical style by comparing strategies of “implication-realization” in Aaron Copland’s “Concerto for Piano and Orchestra” and Gershwin’s music. This paper analyzes that different musical elements result in special style of “implication-realization” on the continuous ways of music. Music fused with jazz expands the possibilities of Meyer’s theory, and also provide clues for Gershwin’s strategies of style. To construct the “complete” strategies of style for the melody, Gershwin uses materials such as blue scales, special broken chord, Tetrachords and fifth intervals, and sequences such as tension, motive and contrast; besides, he constructs the particularity of the rhythms, Gershwin uses “upbeat emphasis” and “phrases starting from upbeat emphasis”. Although Gershwin’s harmony fusing with jazz shapes special sounds, its function on the holistic design is to produce musical color and increase melody texture, especially to form interest by making corresponding variations under repetitive melody phrases. In Gershwin’s music processing, the dominance of the harmony is inferior to that of the melody. In the end, this paper makes comparison between Gershwin’s work and Copland’s “Concerto for Piano and Orchestra mov.2”. The analysis shows that, different composers, who choose the same elements in the same period of time, do not necessarily present the same strategies of style. Therefore, the particularity of Gershwin’s strategies of style is examined.
Effect of Carbon and Manganese on the Quenching and Partitioning Response of CMnSi Steels (2011)

CMnSi steel grades with carbon contents ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 wt% and manganese contents of 3 and 5 wt% were Quenched and Partitioned (Q&P). Tensile properties were assessed and retained austenite fractions measured. Intercritically annealed and fully austenitized conditions were studied. The best combinations of tensile strength and total elongation obtained in the 0.2C–3Mn–1.6Si grade after intercritical annealing were associated with strength levels in the 1000–1200 MPa range and total elongations ranging from 14 to 20%. Optimum properties were obtained in the 0.3C–3Mn–1.6Si steel after full austenitization with tensile strength levels ranging from 1450 to 1700 MPa and total elongations ranging from 11 to 18%. The 0.2C–3Mn–1.6Si fully austenitized samples also exhibited remarkable strength/ductility combinations albeit at lower strength levels of 1200–1450 MPa UTS with 9–15% total elongation indicating the effectiveness of the manganese addition to develop novel property combinations.
Is there a potential therapeutic value of copper and zinc for osteoporosis? (2002)

Osteoporosis is almost universal in very old age, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly of both sexes. Bone is lost at a rate of 0.2-0.5 %/year in both men and women after the age of 40-45 years. The causes of age-related changes in bone mass are multifactorial and include genetic predisposition, nutritional factors, endocrine changes, habitual exercise levels and body weight. Bone loss is accelerated to 2-5 % year immediately before and for up to 10 years post-menopause (Heaney, 1986). In women hormone-replacement therapy is effective in reducing the rate of bone loss caused by this peri-menopausal decrease in hormone levels (Smith & Studd, 1993); however, in men and older women (>10 years post-menopause) nutrition plays a key role in the rate of bone loss. One factor contributing to bone loss in the elderly may be a subclinical Zn and/or Cu deficiency, due to a reduced dietary intake of micronutrients and reduced absorption (Thomson & Keelan, 1986). Zn and Cu are essential cofactors for enzymes involved in the synthesis of various bone matrix constituents. Paradoxically, Ca supplementation may accentuate the problem of reduced Zn and Cu levels by impairing the absorption of simultaneously-ingested Zn and the retention of Cu (Snedeker et al. 1982; Grekas et al. 1988). The present paper will review the current literature on the potential benefits of Cu and Zn supplementation in reducing bone loss, and present new information on the effect of Ca supplementation on Zn and Cu status in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis.
Trafficking of immune cells in the central nervous system (2010)

The CNS is an immune-privileged environment, yet the local control of multiple pathogens is dependent on the ability of immune cells to access and operate within this site. However, inflammation of the distinct anatomical sites (i.e., meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and parenchyma) associated with the CNS can also be deleterious. Therefore, control of lymphocyte entry and migration within the brain is vital to regulate protective and pathological responses. In this review, several recent advances are highlighted that provide new insights into the processes that regulate leukocyte access to, and movement within, the brain.
Lifecycle-Based Data Center Design (2010)

Environmental sustainability is an increasingly important design constraint for next-generation servers and datacenters. Unlike prior studies that focus on operational energy use, we study the environmental impact of current designs across the entire lifecycle, including embedded impact factors related to material use and manufacturing. Based on the insights provided by this study, we propose a solution co-designed across system architecture and physical packaging, including (1) material-efficient physical organization, (2) environmentally-efficient cooling infrastructures, and (3) effective design of system architectures to reuse components — all working together to improve sustainability. We provide a detailed evaluation of our proposed solution in terms of sustainability, thermal manageability, and computational performance. Our results show that the proposed approach is effective in addressing the (often non-intuitive) tradeoffs between performance and different components of sustainability.
Narrowband electrooptic tunable notch filter (1986)

We describe the theory of a narrowband electrooptic tunable filter based on a Fabry-Perot etalon with distributed Bragg reflectors. The filter can be in either bulk or waveguide form. The input to the filter must be prefiltered to the stop-band of the Bragg mirrors. Once this is accomplished, the etalon possesses a very narrow notch in the Bragg filter stop-band. The notch width is extremely narrow when the Bragg reflectance is high. The location of the notch in the Bragg stop-band is determined by the etalon cavity length and can be tuned by application of an electric field to the electrooptic material comprising the etalon cavity. Absorption in the cavity and Bragg reflectors is included in the theoretical model of the filter. The filter can be constructed from any one of several existing electrooptic organic polymer crystals, if the gratings are made either by partial polymerization of the monomer in crossed-UV beams or by corrugating the surface of the polymer. We show a theoretical example of a notch filter operating at a center wavelength of 1 μm that is 62.75 μm thick, with a notch width of under 1 Å and a transmission of 35%. This type of filter should have applications in high-speed optical modulation and Q-switches for lasers.
Presenilin-mediated transmembrane cleavage is required for Notch signal transduction in Drosophila (2000)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
MEMS Motion Sensors Based on the Variations of the Fringe Capacitances (2010)

In this paper, a MEMS motion sensor is described which uses fringe field capacitances as sensing elements. Each capacitance basic cell is formed using thin strips of standard electrical paths, running side by side, and close one another in a plane parallel to the substrate: in this way, the capacitance between the paths is mainly formed by the fringe field streamlines. A grounded seismic mass, suspended in the air volume where the electric fringe field streamlines are concentrated, determines changes in the capacitance value when subject to an external force that makes it move. With respect to parallel plates capacitive sensors, this implementation has the advantage to be more immune from the pull-in instability. A test device is built using an industrial surface micromachining process. The experimental results show a sensitivity close to 1 fF of capacitance variation per unit of earth acceleration for a device taking up an area of (430 μm) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A detailed analysis performed through FEM simulations predicts possible consistent sensitivity improvements.