gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lensless imaging for wide field of view (2015)

It is desirable to engineer a small camera with a wide field of view (FOV) because of current developments in the field of wearable cameras and computing products, such as action cameras and Google Glass. However, typical approaches for achieving wide FOV, such as attaching a fisheye lens and convex mirrors, require a trade-off between optics size and the FOV. We propose camera optics that achieve a wide FOV, and are at the same time small and lightweight. The proposed optics are a completely lensless and catoptric design. They contain four mirrors, two for wide viewing, and two for focusing the image on the camera sensor. The proposed optics are simple and can be simply miniaturized, since we use only mirrors for the proposed optics and the optics are not susceptible to chromatic aberration. We have implemented the prototype optics of our lensless concept. We have attached the optics to commercial charge-coupled device/complementary metal oxide semiconductor cameras and conducted experiments to evaluate the feasibility of our proposed optics.
Multilayer polarizing grating mirror used for the generation of radial polarization in Yb:YAG thin-disk lasers (2007)

The design, fabrication and characterization of a multilayer polarizing grating mirror developed for an Yb:YAG thin-disk laser resonator are reported. The potential of the proposed solution is discussed together with the first demonstration of a radially polarized Yb:YAG thin-disk laser.
Neural Systems Underlying Emotional and Non-emotional Interference Processing: An ALE Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies (2016)

Understanding how the nature of interference might influence the recruitments of the neural systems is considered as the key to understanding cognitive control. Although, interference processing in the emotional domain has recently attracted great interest, the question of whether there are separable neural patterns for emotional and non-emotional interference processing remains open. Here, we performed an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of 78 neuroimaging experiments, and examined common and distinct neural systems for emotional and non-emotional interference processing. We examined brain activation in three domains of interference processing: emotional verbal interference in the face-word conflict task, non-emotional verbal interference in the color-word Stroop task, and non-emotional spatial interference in the Simon, SRC and Flanker tasks. Our results show that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was recruited for both emotional and non-emotional interference. In addition, the right anterior insula, presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were activated by interference processing across both emotional and non-emotional domains. In light of these results, we propose that the anterior insular cortex may serve to integrate information from different dimensions and work together with the dorsal ACC to detect and monitor conflicts, whereas pre-SMA and right IFG may be recruited to inhibit inappropriate responses. In contrast, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) showed different degrees of activation and distinct lateralization patterns for different processing domains, which suggests that these regions may implement cognitive control based on the specific task requirements.
TT Virus Infection in Patients with Hepatitis C: Frequency, Persistence, and Sequence Heterogeneity (1999)

TT virus (TTV) was recently identified in the serum of a patient with hepatitis. The role of TTV in liver disease has not been established. Three polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols were used to detect TTV DNA in sera of persons infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and in blood donors. Sera from 11.5% of HCV-infected patients and 7.7% of blood donors were positive by protocols 1 or 2. In contrast, 48.7% and 57.7% of sera, respectively, were positive when tested by protocol 3. There was no difference in the severity of hepatitis in persons coinfected with TTV and HCV when compared with those infected with HCV alone, regardless of which TTV PCR protocol was used. TTV DNA persisted in serum samples taken up to 6 years apart in individual patients. Sequence analysis indicated that most viral sequences were distinct between patients, and there was evidence of genetic heterogeneity and viral evolution within individuals.
Fraction of Electrons Consumed in Electron Acceptor Reduction and Hydrogen Thresholds as Indicators of Halorespiratory Physiology (1999)

Measurements of the hydrogen consumption threshold and the tracking of electrons transferred to the chlorinated electron acceptor (f(e)) reliably detected chlororespiratory physiology in both mixed cultures and pure cultures capable of using tetrachloroethene, cis-1, 2-dichloroethene, vinyl chloride, 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorobenzoate, 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate, or 1,2-dichloropropane as an electron acceptor. Hydrogen was consumed to significantly lower threshold concentrations of less than 0.4 ppmv compared with the values obtained for the same cultures without a chlorinated compound as an electron acceptor. The f(e) values ranged from 0.63 to 0.7, values which are in good agreement with theoretical calculations based on the thermodynamics of reductive dechlorination as the terminal electron-accepting process. In contrast, a mixed methanogenic culture that cometabolized 3-chlorophenol exhibited a significantly lower f(e) value, 0.012.
A New Average-Power Damage Test Facility at LLNL (1988)

We describe a new facility for studying damage induced by 1064-nm, 16-ns, 0.6-J laser pulses at repetition rates up to 120 Hz. This facility is built around four commercial 30-Hz Nd:YAG lasers fired under computer control. The beams from the four lasers are combined using thin-film polarizers and rotating half-wave plates to obtain a single irradiated spot on a test target. We also describe computer controlled beam diagnostics based on a commercial video frame-grabber. This facility has been used to compile a database of damage thresholds for a variety of materials under average power conditions. Details of this database are presented in a companion paper.
A glutathione responsive rice glyoxalase <scp>II</scp>, Os<scp>GLYII</scp>‐2, functions in salinity adaptation by maintaining better photosynthesis efficiency and anti‐oxidant pool (2014)

Glyoxalase II (GLY II), the second enzyme of glyoxalase pathway that detoxifies cytotoxic metabolite methylglyoxal (MG), belongs to the superfamily of metallo-β-lactamases. Here, detailed analysis of one of the uncharacterized rice glyoxalase II family members, OsGLYII-2 was conducted in terms of its metal content, enzyme kinetics and stress tolerance potential. Functional complementation of yeast GLY II mutant (∆GLO2) and enzyme kinetics data suggested that OsGLYII-2 possesses characteristic GLY II activity using S-lactoylglutathione (SLG) as the substrate. Further, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission spectroscopy and modelled structure revealed that OsGLYII-2 contains a binuclear Zn/Fe centre in its active site and chelation studies indicated that these are essential for its activity. Interestingly, reconstitution of chelated enzyme with Zn(2+), and/or Fe(2+) could not reactivate the enzyme, while addition of Co(2+) was able to do so. End product inhibition study provides insight into the kinetics of GLY II enzyme and assigns hitherto unknown function to reduced glutathione (GSH). Ectopic expression of OsGLYII-2 in Escherichia coli and tobacco provides improved tolerance against salinity and dicarbonyl stress indicating towards its role in abiotic stress tolerance. Maintained levels of MG and GSH as well as better photosynthesis rate and reduced oxidative damage in transgenic plants under stress conditions seems to be the possible mechanism facilitating enhanced stress tolerance.
Epitaxial lift-off of electrodeposited single-crystal gold foils for flexible electronics (2017)

We introduce a simple and inexpensive procedure for epitaxial lift-off of wafer-size flexible and transparent foils of single-crystal gold using silicon as a template. Lateral electrochemical undergrowth of a sacrificial SiO <i><sub>x</sub></i> layer was achieved by photoelectrochemically oxidizing silicon under light irradiation. A 28-nanometer-thick gold foil with a sheet resistance of 7 ohms per square showed only a 4% increase in resistance after 4000 bending cycles. A flexible organic light-emitting diode based on tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) that was spin-coated on a foil exploited the transmittance and flexibility of the gold foil. Cuprous oxide as an inorganic semiconductor that was epitaxially electrodeposited onto the gold foils exhibited a diode quality factor <i>n</i> of 1.6 (where <i>n</i> = 1.0 for an ideal diode), compared with a value of 3.1 for a polycrystalline deposit. Zinc oxide nanowires electrodeposited epitaxially on a gold foil also showed flexibility, with the nanowires intact up to 500 bending cycles.
IL-2 Induces STAT4 Activation in Primary NK Cells and NK Cell Lines, But Not in T Cells (1999)

IL-2 exerts potent but distinct functional effects on two critical cell populations of the immune system, T cells and NK cells. Whereas IL-2 leads to proliferation in both cell types, it enhances cytotoxicity primarily in NK cells. In both T cells and NK cells, IL-2 induces the activation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5. Given this similarity in intracellular signaling, the mechanism underlying the distinct response to IL-2 in T cells and NK cells is not clear. In this study, we show that in primary NK cells and NK cell lines, in addition to the activation of STAT1 and STAT5, IL-2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT4, a STAT previously reported to be activated only in response to IL-12 and IFN-alpha. This activation of STAT4 in response to IL-2 is not due to the autocrine production of IL-12 or IFN-alpha. STAT4 activated in response to IL-2 is able to bind to a STAT-binding DNA sequence, suggesting that in NK cells IL-2 is capable of activating target genes through phosphorylation of STAT4. IL-2 induces the activation of Jak2 uniquely in NK cells, which may underlie the ability of IL-2 to activate STAT4 only in these cells. Although the activation of STAT4 in response to IL-2 occurs in primary resting and activated NK cells, it does not occur in primary resting T cells or mitogen-activated T cells. The unique activation of the STAT4-signaling pathway in NK cells may underlie the distinct functional effect of IL-2 on this cell population.
Local and systemic effects of peritoneal lavage with high concentrations of adenosine in rats (2000)

Peritoneal lavage with high concentrations of adenosine provides pharmacological levels of adenosine in the gastrointestinal tract without systemic side-effects. Peritoneal lavage with high concentrations of adenosine may be useful for the treatment of a number of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Early diagnosis of melanoma by surface microscopy (dermatoscopy) (1996)

The main objective of surface microscopy is the early and accurate diagnosis of melanoma in its initial phases of evolution and infiltration. Since the development of the dermatoscope in the 1990's, surface microscopy has become a simple technique. Differential diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions can be achieved with a diagnostic sensitivity of about 90 percent, and the proper differentiation of pigmented melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions, and malignant and benign melanocytic lesions, may also be safely determined.
Estimating the effective magnetostriction of a composite: A simple model (1997)

For a composite consisting of magnetostrictive particles dispersed in a nonmagnetostrictive matrix, a simple, approximate model for the effective magnetostriction, defined as the ratio of the magnetostriction of the composite to that of the magnetostrictive component, is described. The predictions of the model compare well with measurements on SmFe2-based composites having Al and Fe matrices.
Parallel operation of half-bridge converters with current-doubler rectifier using feedback linearization control (2004)

This paper presents a nonlinear controller applied to a parallel connected system of half-bridge with current-doubler rectifier (HB-CDR) converters. The proposed control scheme is able to decouple the output-voltage dynamics from the input-stage variables, endowing high robustness of the output voltage against external disturbances. In addition, the inner average-current loop of the controller achieves good load sharing among modules in spite their parametric variations. The controller design is developed in three steps. First, the large-signal model of the parallel-connected HB-CDR system is obtained. Second, the controller expression is conceived through input-output linearization theory taking into account two control objectives: the regulation of the output-voltage and the equal current distribution among modules. And third, the control parameters are determined to obtain a proper dynamics, while ensuring the stability of the whole system.
Quantitation of erythrocyte photohemolysis by light microscopy. (1991)

In a solution of erythrocytes and a photo-active compound, light activation of the compound produces hemolysis of the cells. This study describes a new assay in which focused light through a microscope is used to induce a circumscribed hemolysis of erythrocytes that have been mixed with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 150,000 (FITC-DEX) and placed in a hemacytometer. The hemolytic response was monitored by detecting transmitted light intensity in the area (1.8 x 10(-4) cm2) of activation. Only cells within the specific microscopic field of activation hemolyze. This allows for multiple sites of activation within one sample. The hemolytic response was dependent on the concentration of FITC-DEX (0.5-4 mg/ml) and on light intensity (53-210 J/cm2) but not on small changes in hematocrit (3%-5%) or on the presence of platelets and leukocytes. Rabbit erythrocytes, however, were almost twice as sensitive as those from guinea pigs. Since the photohemolytic response will depend on the composition and strength of the erythrocyte membrane and presence of oxidant defense mechanisms, we suggest that this assay could be used to detect drug- or disease-induced changes in the red blood cell membrane.
Phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation and expansion study of ABT-165, a dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig) targeting both DLL4 and VEGF, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. (2016)

2507 Background: Targeting angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway has been a successful clinical strategy in multiple malignancies. Delta like ligand-4 (DLL4) is a NOTCH pathway ligand involved in angiogenesis and maintenance of tumor initiating cells (TICs). ABT-165 is a DVD-Ig that inhibits both VEGF and DLL4 thereby potentially suppressing both tumor angiogenesis and TICs. Methods: In a 3+3 dose-escalation (DE) design, ABT-165 was administered IV at doses ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 mg/kg once every 14 days (2 doses in 28-day cycle) (NCT01946074). After an amendment to address hypertension (HTN), at least 6 subjects per cohort were enrolled in subsequent DE cohorts starting at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg. Cohorts were preferentially enriched for ovarian cancer (OC) pts. Tumor and cardiac assessments were performed every 2 cycles. Results: As of January 6, 2016, 54 pts received at least one dose of ABT-165. The PK demonstrated target-mediated disposition with preliminary mean half-life ranging from 4.9 to 8.9 days. Biomarkers were consistent with engagement of both VEGF and DLL4 with NOTCH pathway modulation. No maximum tolerated dose was identified within the 28-day dose limiting toxicity (DLT) window; however, safety concerns beyond Cycle 1 precluded DE above 7.5 mg/kg. DLTs included grade 3 HTN and headache (HA). Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurring in ≥ 10% pts (including all dose levels and all grades) were: HTN (55.6%), HA (24.1%), fatigue (18.5%), diarrhea (14.8%) and nausea (11.1%). Other AEs of interest with respect to mechanism of action included proteinuria (9.3%), pulmonary HTN (7.4%), gastrointestinal perforation (GIP) (3.7%) and stroke (1.9%). 4/13 (30.8%) heavily pretreated OC pts had partial response, 1 of which (anti-VEGF naïve) was on treatment for 14 Cycles. Conclusions: ABT-165 displayed anti-VEGF-like toxicity including HTN and GIP. ABT-165 monotherapy has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in refractory OC. Long-term consequences of dual VEGF and DLL4 inhibition need to be evaluated. An ongoing phase Ib study will investigate combination of ABT-165 and chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01946074.
Surface Modification of Novel Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Dielectrics Using Self-Assembled Monolayers (2007)

Using a thermally-crosslinkable organosiloxane-based organic-inorganic hybrid material, solution-processable gate dielectric layer for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have been fabricated. The hybrid dielectric was synthesized by the sol-gel process. The surface of the prepared dielectric was modified by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) treatment using wet chemical method. Prior to surface modification, the chemical inertness of prepared dielectric was investigated by immersing into various solvents such as toluene, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and DI-water. The existence of SAMs on the surface of dielectric was confirmed by measuring current density-electric field characteristics and it was observed that surface morphology of SAMs-treated hybrid dielectric was very smooth.
Multivalent Anchoring and Oriented Display of Single-Domain Antibodies on Cellulose (2009)

Antibody engineering has allowed for the rapid generation of binding agents against virtually any antigen of interest, predominantly for therapeutic applications. Considerably less attention has been given to the development of diagnostic reagents and biosensors using engineered antibodies. Recently, we produced a novel pentavalent bispecific antibody (i.e., decabody) by pentamerizing two single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) through the verotoxin B subunit (VTB) and found both fusion partners to be functional. Using a similar approach, we have engineered a bispecific pentameric fusion protein consisting of five sdAbs and five cellulose-binding modules (CBMs) linked via VTB. To find an optimal design format, we constructed six bispecific pentamers consisting of three different CBMs, fused to the Staphylococcus aureus-specific human sdAb HVHP428, in both orientations. One bispecific pentamer, containing an N-terminal CBM9 and C-terminal HVHP428, was soluble, non-aggregating, and did not degrade upon storage at 4 °C for over six months. This molecule was dually functional as it bound to cellulose-based filters as well as S. aureus cells. When impregnated in cellulose filters, the bispecific pentamer recognized S. aureus cells in a flow-through detection assay. The ability of pentamerized CBMs to bind cellulose may form the basis of an immobilization platform for multivalent display of high-avidity binding reagents on cellulosic filters for sensing of pathogens, biomarkers and environmental pollutants.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTION OF CYANURIC CHLORIDE ON ALDOXIMES AND KETOXIMES (1978)

Abstract Die Dehydratisierung von Aldoximen "zu Nitrilen [z. B. von (I) zu (III)] läßt sich sowohl in Gegenwart als auch in Abwesenheit von Pyridin durchführen.
Dynamics of novel polybutadiene ionomers (2019)

ABSTRACT The dynamics of novel ionomers based on a low‐molecular‐weight polybutadiene with zinc acrylate moieties were investigated as a function of the number of ionic bonds by using a combination of calorimetry, dielectric broadband spectroscopy and rheology. We find that the ionic bonds have profound effects on the mechanical properties, including the introduction of a sol–gel transition. However, all techniques consistently indicate that the segmental dynamics of the polymer chains remain largely unaffected, and only very small changes in the glass transition were observed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57 , 1074–1079
Connexins and pannexins in neuronal development and adult neurogenesis (2016)

Connexins and pannexins share very similar structures and functions; they also exhibit overlapping expression in many stages of neuronal development. Here, we review evidence implicating connexin- and pannexin-mediated communication in the regulation of the birth and development of neurons, specifically Cx26, Cx30, Cx32, Cx36, Cx43, Cx45, Panx1, and Panx2. We begin by dissecting the involvement of these proteins in the generation and development of new neurons in the embryonic, postnatal, and adult brain. Next we briefly outline common mechanisms employed by both pannexins and connexins in these roles, including modulation of purinergic receptor signalling and signalling nexus functions. Throughout this review we highlight developing themes as well as important gaps in knowledge to be bridged.
The Novel 3-Way Power Dividers/Combiners Structure and Design (2006)

A fabricated 1:3 power divider that provides equal power split to all four output ports over a large bandwidth is presented, which can be extended to an arbitrary number of output ports. A new wideband three-way microstrip power divider implemented on a single-layer printed circuit board (PCB) is presented in this design. The proposed three-way planar power divider consists of a branch lines and a combine line for three output ports of characteristics of equal magnitude and in-phase. To demonstrate the design methodology, one prototype is realized. The new design was simulated and validated by the measurement. Measured results show that 10 dB return loss of the three output ports has been achieved across the bandwidth from 1.8 GHz to 10.5 GHz.
Comparison of Hierarchical Agglomerative Algorithms for Clustering Medical Documents (2012)

Extensive amount of data stored in medical documents require developing methods that help users to find what they are looking for effectively by organizing large amounts of information into a small number of meaningful clusters. The produced clusters contain groups of objects which are more similar to each other than to the members of any other group. Thus, the aim of high-quality document clustering algorithms is to determine a set of clusters in which the inter-cluster similarity is minimized and intra-cluster similarity is maximized. The most important feature in many clustering algorithms is treating the clustering problem as an optimization process, that is, maximizing or minimizing a particular clustering criterion function defined over the whole clustering solution. The only real difference between agglomerative algorithms is how they choose which clusters to merge. The main purpose of this paper is to compare different agglomerative algorithms based on the evaluation of the clusters quality produced by different hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithms using different criterion functions for the problem of clustering medical documents. Our experimental results showed that the agglomerative algorithm that uses I1 as its criterion function for choosing which clusters to merge produced better clusters quality than the other criterion functions in term of entropy and purity as external measures.