gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biocompatibility of Maleic Anhydride Copolymers: 1. Maleic Anhydride-Vinyl Acetate, Maleic Anhydride-Methyl Methacrylate and Maleic Anhydride-Styrene (1997)

A series of maleic anhydride (MA)–vinyl acetate (VA), MA–methyl methacrylate (MM) and MA–styrene (S) copolymers were prepared and characterized. By employing various amounts of initiator, MA–VA, MA–MM and MA–S copolymers with molecular weights ranging between 18 000 and 219 000 were obtained. The ‘in vivo’ and ‘in vitro’ tests performed on K562 cellular cultures (human chronic myeloid leukaemia) and also on Westar rats (inoculated with the Walker 256 carcinosarcome) showed that, as a function of the molecular weight, the copolymers synthesized had a 50% in vitro cytotoxicity and a mean tumour regression of a maximum of 68%. © 1997 SCI.
CEACAM1, an adhesion molecule of human granulocytes, is fucosylated by fucosyltransferase IX and interacts with DC-SIGN of dendritic cells via Lewis x residues (2005)

The CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 1, CEACAM1, is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of human granulocytes and lymphocytes, endothelia, and many epithelia. CEACAM1 is involved in the regulation of important biological processes, such as tumor growth, angiogenesis, and modulation of the immune response. CEACAM1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily carries several Lewis x (Lex) structures as we recently demonstrated by mass spectrometry of native CEACAM1 from human granulocytes. Since Lex residues of pathogens bind to the C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) expressed on human DCs, we hypothesized that Lex glycans of CEACAM1 are recognized by DC-SIGN. Here, we demonstrate that CEACAM1, the major carrier of Lex residues in human granulocytes, is specifically recognized by DC-SIGN via Lex residues mediating the internalization of CEACAM1 into immature DCs. Expression studies with CEACAM1 in combination with different fucosyltransferases (FUTs) revealed that FUTIX plays a key role in the synthesis of Lex groups of CEACAM1. As Lex groups on CEACAM1 are selectively attached and specifically interact with DC-SIGN, our findings suggest that CEACAM1 participates in immune regulation in physiological conditions and in pathological conditions, such as inflammation, autoimmune disease, and cancer.
Some kinetic properties of .ALPHA.-D-galactosidase from Streptomyces 9917S2. (1976)

Some kinetic properties of the Streptomyces 9917 S2 α-D-galactosidase were investigated. This enzyme could use α-D-galactoside and α-D-fucoside as substrates, but not β-L-arabinoside, nor the anhydro and uronic acid derivatives of α-D-galactoside. Both Km and V values for phenyl α-D-fucoside were much higher than those for p- and o-nitrophenyl and phenyl α-D-galactosides, melibiose, and raffinose. So far as examined, substrate inhibition was observed only in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl α-D-galactoside. β-D-Galactosides and D-glucose inhibited the hydrolysis of α-D-fucoside but did not the hydrolysis of α-D-galactoside. The types of inhibition by various sugars and their derivatives were competitive. The Ki values of inhibitors in the hydrolysis of α-D-galactoside were always ten times higher than those in the hydrolysis of α-D-fucoside.
Cone Structure Imaged With Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in Eyes With Nonneovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2013)

Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy provides adequate resolution for quantitative measurement of cone spacing at the margin of GA and over drusen in eyes with AMD. Although cone spacing was often normal at baseline and remained normal over time, these regions showed focal areas of decreased cone reflectivity. These findings may provide insight into the pathophysiology of AMD progression. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00254605).
Advances in the Study of SR Protein Family (2003)

The name of SR proteins is derived from their typical RS domain that is rich in serine (Ser, S) and arginine (Arg, R). They are conserved in evolution. Up to now, 10 members of the SR protein family have been identified in humans. SR proteins contain one or two RNA binding motifs aside from the RS domain, and also possess special biochemical and immunological features. As to the functions of SR proteins, they facilitate the recruitment of the components of splicesome via protein-protein interaction to prompt the assembly of early splicesome; while in alternative splicing, tissue-specifically expressed SR protein along with the relative ratio of SR protein and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) is composed of two main regulative mechanisms to alternative splicing. Almost all of the biochemical functions are regulated by reversible phosphorylation.
The uniform field and pattern ERG in macaques with experimental glaucoma: removal of spiking activity. (2000)

The changes in the uniform field and PERG responses produced by experimental glaucoma are related and are largely a consequence of reduced spiking activity of ganglion cells and their axons. These findings raise the possibility that the uniform field ERG could serve as a useful alternative to the PERG in the assessment of clinical glaucomatous neuropathy.
중국 소주공업원구(蘇州工業園區) 발전의 경로의존 유형 (2014)

기존의 소남모델에서는 향진기업들이 활성화되면서 발전의 견인차가 되었지만 이는 기본적으로 인민공사처럼 지방정부의 직접적인 관리를 받았기 때문에 자원의 배분과 집행에 있어서 민영화의 경향에 있었던 중국경제에서 1990년도를 기점으로 그 한계를 노출하게 되었다. 이러한 상황 하에서 중국정부는 기존의 정부개입의 폐단을 줄이고 선진 운영기법을 도입하고 대대적으로 외자를 유치하는 전략의 관점에서 싱가포르와 합작으로 양국 중앙정부의 최고위급이 관리하는 제도적 협력체로서 소주공업원의 관리기구와 집행기구를 만들었다. 이로 인해 소주공업원구는 과거 소남모델에 속해있던 시기와는 현격히 다른 급속한 성장세를 나타내게 되었다. 소주공업원구의 이러한 변화를 초기의 조건이 좋든 나쁘든 결정적으로 향후의 발전경로를 제약한다고 보는 David와 Arthur의 모델로 설명하기엔 적합지 않다. 왜냐하면 소주공업원구의 발전과정에는 기존의 지방정부가 관리하던 향진기업의 역할을 뛰어넘는 외부의 변수(싱가포르와의 협력체 건설 및 외자유입)가 유입되면서 지속적인 변형 성장이 이루어졌기 때문이다. 따라서 소주공업원구의 발전경로는 외부적 변수의 유입이 기존 경로의 문제점을 해결하고 새로운 경로를 낳는다는 Martin과 Sydow, Schreyogg와 Koch의 발전경로 모델에 근접한다고 평가할 수 있다. 다만 역내 다국적기업의 부품공급선의 97.9%가 다국적기업들 간에만 이루어지고 있다는 문제점을 해결하고 지속적인 변형성장을 이루기 위해서는 향후에 지역 연구개발(R&D) 기반을 더욱 확충해야 한다는 과제를 안고 있다고 사료된다.
A dynamic stall model for airfoils with deformable trailing edges (2009)

Abstract The present work contains an extension of the Beddoes–Leishman‐type dynamic stall model. In this work, a deformable trailing‐edge flap has been added to the dynamic stall model. The model predicts the unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments on an airfoil section undergoing arbitrary motion in heave, lead‐lag, pitch, trailing‐edge flapping. In the linear region, the model reduces to the inviscid model, which includes the aerodynamic effect of a thin airfoil with a deformable camberline in inviscid flow. Therefore, the proposed model can be considered a crossover between the work of Gaunaa for the attached flow region and Hansen et al. The model is compared qualitatively to wind tunnel measurements of a Riso/ B1‐18 blade section equipped with deformable trailing‐edge flap devices in the form of piezoelectric devices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterative optimization approach for designing an axicon with long focal depth and high transverse resolution (1996)

An iterative optimization approach for designing the phase of the uniform-intensity axicon is presented that is based on the general theory of amplitude-phase retrieval in optical systems. We extend previous theoretical formulas to deal with the linear imaging system with multiple output planes. We carry out numerical simulation calculations for designing the axicon for cases of both uniform and Gaussian beam illuminations. The numerical results are in good agreement with the desired performance of the axicon, for instance, with considerable uniformity and smoothness of the on-axis intensity and energy flow as well as with high lateral resolution. The influence of phase quantization on the designed result is also investigated.
Design and Fabrication of Super Junction MOSFET for Industrial Applications (2016)

In Super Junction (SJ) MOSFET, Charge Balance is the most important issue of Trench filling SJ fabrication process. In order to achieve the best electrical characteristics, the N type and P type drift regions must be fully depleted when the drain bias approaches the breakdown voltage, called Charge Balance condition. In this paper, two method of the fabrication process are used in Charge Balance condition, Trench angle decreasing and Bottom implantation process. Smaller on-resistance can be achieved using lower trench angle. And higher Breakdown voltage can be achieved using Bottom implantation process. Electrical characteristics of manufactured discrete device chip are compared to that of device which is designed of TCAD simulation.
Synthesis of Furonaphthoquinones (1970)

Abstract The reaction of 2-acetoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone with N-(1-propenyl)morpholine in an ordinary atomsphere afforded 3-methylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone in a modest yield. When this reaction was carried out in an atmosphere of nitrogen, the reaction product was an aminodihydronaphthofuran XII, which was then converted into 3-methylnaphtho[1,2-b]-2,3-dihydrofuran-4,5-quinone by succesive treatments with ferric chloride, sodium borohydride, and sufuric acid.
Model-Blind Video Denoising via Frame-To-Frame Training (2019)

Modeling the processing chain that has produced a video is a difficult reverse engineering task, even when the camera is available. This makes model based video processing a still more complex task. In this paper we propose a fully blind video denoising method, with two versions off-line and on-line. This is achieved by fine-tuning a pre-trained AWGN denoising network to the video with a novel frame-to-frame training strategy. Our denoiser can be used without knowledge of the origin of the video or burst and the post-processing steps applied from the camera sensor. The on-line process only requires a couple of frames before achieving visually pleasing results for a wide range of perturbations. It nonetheless reaches state-of-the-art performance for standard Gaussian noise, and can be used off-line with still better performance.
Experimental characterization of the diode-type polysilicon loads for CMOS SRAM (1993)

Experimental characterization of the diode-type n/sup +/-p-n/sup +/ poly-Si loads for SRAM applications demonstrates that the resistance of the structure and its response to the bit-line voltages are dominated by such properties of the parasitic thin-film transistor associated with this device as fixed positive charge and 'gate' oxide thickness. Topographical effects observed in this study are interpreted in terms of the thickness variation of a dielectric overlaying the poly-Si feature and the fixed positive charges present in this dielectric in the vicinity of the poly-Si surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of the in Vivo Biodistribution of Indium-111 and Yttrium-88 Labeled Dendrimer-1B4M-DTPA and Its Conjugation with Anti-Tac Monoclonal Antibody (1998)

We evaluated the in vivo biodistribution of indium- and yttrium-labeled second-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) conjugated with 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-6-methyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (1B4M), a derivative of DTPA. In addition, we conjugated PAMAM-1B4M to humanized anti-Tac IgG (HuTac) and evaluated its in vitro and in vivo properties. PAMAM-1B4M was labeled with 111In at 37-48 MBq/mg (1.0-1.3 mCi/mg) or with 88Y at 3.7-4.8 MBq/mg (0.1-0. 13 mCi/mg), and an aliquot of radiolabeled conjugate was saturated with the corresponding stable yttrium or indium. Nontumor-bearing nude mice were injected intravenously with 55.5-66.6 kBq (1.5-1.8 microCi) of 88Y-labeled PAMAM-1B4M or with 185 kBq (5 microCi) of 111In-labeled PAMAM-1B4M. The mice were then sacrificed at 15 min, 90 min, 1 day, and 4 days postinjection. Then the PAMAM-1B4M was conjugated with HuTac and labeled with 111In at 111-259 MBq/mg (3-7 mCi/mg). Another preparation of 111In-labeled HuTac-PAMAM-1B4M was saturated with stable indium. Immunoreactivity of both preparations and biodistribution in normal mice 1 h after injection and in ATAC4 and A431 tumor-bearing mice 18 h after injection were evaluated and compared with those of 111In-labeled 1B4M-HuTac. We noted significantly higher accumulations (p < 0.05) of 111In-labeled and 88Y-labeled unsaturated PAMAM-1B4M than saturated preparations in the liver, kidney, spleen, and bone at most time points. The whole-body clearance times of unsaturated preparations were significantly slower than those of saturated preparations at all time points, with the exception of 168 h for 111In-labeled PAMAM-1B4M. The saturated preparation of 111In-labeled HuTac-PAMAM-1B4M showed lower hepatic uptake (27 +/- 2%ID/g) than the unsaturated (32 +/- 2%ID/g), but greater than the HuTac-1B4M control (10 +/- 0%ID/g). The splenic uptake showed 15 +/- 1, 38 +/- 5, and 8 +/- 1%ID/g for the saturated, unsaturated, and control, respectively. The biodistribution of the dendrimer conjugated HuTac in normal organs of tumor-bearing mice was similar to nontumor-bearing mice. Specific tumor (ATAC4) uptake was higher than that in nonspecific tumor (A431). In conclusion, we evaluated the biodistribution of radiolabeled PAMAM-1B4M. We noted high accumulation in the liver, kidney, and spleen, which significantly decreased when the chelates were saturated with the stable element. A similar phenomenon was observed between unsaturated and saturated 111In-labeled HuTac-PAMAM-1B4M, indicating that the PAMAM dendrimer had a detrimental effect on biodistribution.
Expression of HIV <i>env</i> Gene in a Human T Cell Line for a Rapid and Quantifiable Cell Fusion Assay (1996)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins present at the surface of infected cells are known to mediate fusion with CD4-positive target cells. In this study we have developed a novel Env-expressing cell line for investigating the fusion process in a biologically significant system. Cell surface expression of the HIV-1 env gene, isolated from the highly fusogenic strain SF33, was obtained in the CD4-negative T cell line A2.01. To render the system versatile and efficient, HIV-1 regulatory proteins Tat and Rev were supplied in trans. The presence of Env at the cell surface was shown by cytofluorometry and immunofluorescence and precursor processing of gp160 to gp120/gp41 was demonstrated by Western blot. The fusion capacity of A2.01-Env cells was assessed by coculture with CD4-positive T lymphocytes or the fusion indicator cell line, HeLa-CD4-LTR-beta-Gal. By coincubation with CD4-positive T cells such as SupT1, A2.01-Env cells were observed to mediate rapidly numerous well-defined syncytia in a reproducible fashion. By expressing Tat, they also had the capacity to trans-activate the LTR-linked reporter beta-Gal gene following fusion with HeLa-CD4-LTR-beta-Gal cells. The fusion-inhibiting anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies Q425 and Q428 were used to block specifically Env-mediated fusion with CD4-positive cells and to demonstrate application of this system to the search for potential fusion-blocking agents. Our system thus offers a biologically significant model for studying fusion events with the advantages of being rapid, reproducible and versatile.
Broadband dispersion-free optical cavities based on zero group delay dispersion mirror sets (2010)

A broadband dispersion-free optical cavity using a zero group delay dispersion (zero-GDD) mirror set is demonstrated. In general zero-GDD mirror sets consist of two or more mirrors with opposite group delay dispersion (GDD), that when used together, form an optical cavity with vanishing dispersion over an enhanced bandwidth in comparison with traditional low GDD mirrors. More specifically, in this paper, we show a realization of such a two-mirror cavity, where the mirrors show opposite GDD and simultaneously a mirror reflectivity of 99.2% over 100 nm bandwidth (480 nm - 580 nm).
English verification of the STI method for estimating speech intelligibility of a communications channel (1987)

An objective measure of the quality of speech communications channels was developed and described by Steeneken and Houtgast [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 318–326 (1980)]. By calculating the speech transmission index (STI), this method provides an estimate of speech intelligibility for a variety of communication distortions, but the method has been validated only for the Dutch language. For this reason, questions arise about its applicability for use with English. Using the standard Harvard PB-word test for speech intelligibility, it was shown that the STI method is a valid method for testing the speech transmission of communications channels intended for use with the English language. New STI curves were generated for both the English PB-word test and the Modified Rhyme Test.
Retinoids in lung development (1996)

The "retinoid revolution" has had considerable impact on research activity in the field of lung development. Postnatal lungs are very sensitive to dietary retinol (R) deprivation. The trachea and the bronchopulmonary tree in R-deficient animals show a striking change in morphology. The columnar epithelium undergoes keratinizing metaplasia, which is reversed when R is supplied. The fetal lung develops postnatally to become one of the most complex organs, characterized by 40 different cell types. The fetal lungs can accumulate retinyl esters. Before birth an unknown signal causes the lowering of these esters, which may be the source of retinoic acid (RA). The administration of glucocorticoids speeds up this process, which in turn is followed by acceleration of lung maturation, ending postnatally. It is not clear what role, if any, the cellular retinoid binding proteins play in this phenomenon. Fetal lung branching leading to the development of the alveolar tree is accelerated by RA, and so is the expression of some fetal genes coding for surfactant proteins and the enzymes that produce their lipid components. It is not clear whether RA influences the development of pulmonary epithelium by interacting directly with the epithelial cells or whether its effects require interaction with other cels like mesenchymal cells. Nuclear RA receptors are intimately involved in lung development. Despite the wealth of evidence on the effect of retinoids on lung development, the application of vitamin A to clinical work has been limited to prematurely delivered infants who have immature lungs. Here attempts are made, by improving their R status, to aid in the development and healing of lungs injured by oxygen therapy.
The Representation of the Human Oral Area in the Somatosensory Cortex: a Functional MRI Study (2005)

The tactile sensation of the teeth is involved in various oral functions, such as mastication and speech. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the cortical sensory representation of the oral area, including the teeth. First, we identified the somatotopic representation of the lips, teeth and tongue in the postcentral gyrus (GpoC). Tactile stimuli were applied to the lower lip, tongue and teeth. The foci activated by each stimulus were characterized by the center of gravity (COG) of activated areas. Secondly, we examined the rostro-caudal changes in the somatotopic organization in the GPoC in terms of the overlap between each sensory representation. In the rostral portion of the GPoC, the COG of the representation of teeth was located significantly superior to that of the tongue and inferior to that of the lip, consistent with the classical 'sensory homunculus' proposed by Penfield; however, this somatotopic representation became unclear in the middle and caudal portions of the GPoC. The overlap between each representation in the middle and caudal portions of the GPoC was significantly greater than that in the rostral portion of the GPoC. These findings support the theory that the input from oral structures converges hierarchically across the primary somatosensory cortex.
Quality of life and functional status in systemic sclerosis compared to other rheumatic diseases. (2006)

Physical health relating to quality of life is adversely affected in patients with SSc. Disability is associated with the presence of >or= 11 tender points, a high skin score, and joint and GI involvement. Joint involvement in SSc is more disabling than joint involvement in PsA; and patients with SSc experience more severe pain than patients with RA.
A novel method of creating a surface micromachined 3D optical assembly for MEMS-based miniaturized FTIR spectrometers (2008)

This paper describes design, fabrication, and characterization of a miniaturized, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer for the detection and identification of toxic or flammable gases. By measuring the absorption by the target material of IR radiation, unambiguous detection and identification can be achieved. The key component of the device is a micromachined Michelson interferometer capable of modulating light in the 2 - 14 μm spectral region. Two major technical achievements associated with developing a MEMS interferometer module are discussed: development of a micromirror assembly having an order of magnitude larger modulation stroke to approach laboratory instrument-grade spectral resolutions; and assembly of monolithic, millimeter-scale optical components using multi-layer surface micromachining techniques to produce an extremely low cost MEMS interferometer, which has an unprecedented optical throughput. We have manufactured and tested the device. Reported optical characterization results include a precisely aligned, static interferogram acquired from an assembled Michelson interferometer using visible light wavelengths, which promises a high sensitivity FTIR spectrometer for its size.
Mobile communications design fundamentals second edition (1993)

Versi revisi dan diperbesar yang membahas bagaimana merancang sistem komunikasi bergerak. Secara komprehensif memeriksa lingkungan radio bergerak. Meliputi prediksi perambatan propagasi, perhitungan dan metode pengurangan fades, gangguan, rencana frekuensi dan skema terkait, parameter perancangan, sinyal dan akses saluran, CDMA seluler, sistem microcell, dan sistem lain-lain. Berisi rujukan dan masalah bab demi bab.
Surface characterization of optically polished CaF 2 crystal by quasi-Brewster angle technique (2003)

With the development of 157nm laser lithography, calcium fluoride (CaF<sub>2</sub>) has become a very important material for excimer laser components. The optical performance of CaF<sub>2</sub> at 157nm is strongly related to its surface quality. By analyzing the phase change of reflected p-polarization near the Brewster angle at wavelengths between 150nm and 1000nm, a quasi-Brewster angle technique (qBAT) was developed to characterize the surface quality of CaF<sub>2</sub>. This technique suggests that the slope of the quasi-Brewster angle is dominated by top surface roughness, while the displacement of the quasi-Brewster angle is determined by subsurface damage. A simple model developed to describe the surface quality of CaF<sub>2</sub> includes both top surface and subsurface effects. The relationship between subsurface damage and quasi-Brewster angle shift was determined. Using an ultraviolet ozone (UVO) cleaning process, four surface characteristics, e.g., top surface roughness, top surface contamination, subsurface damage, and subsurface contamination could be distinguished.