gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size Effect and Fracture Characteristics of Composite Laminates (1996)

Measurements of the size effect on the nominal strength of notched specimens of fiber composite laminates are reported. Tests were conducted on graphite/epoxy crossply and quasi-isotropic laminates. The specimens were rectangular strips of widths 6.4, 12.7, 25.4 and 50.8 mm (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 in.) geometrically similar in two dimensions. The gage lengths were 25, 51, 102 and 203 mm (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 in.). One set of specimens had double-edge notches and a [0/922]s crossply layup, and another set had a single-sided edge notch and a [0/±45/90]s, quasi-isotropic layup. It has been found that there is a significant size effect on the nominal strength. It approximately agrees with the size effect law proposed by Bazˇant, according to which the curve of the logarithm of the nominal strength versus the logarithm of size represents a smooth transition from a horizontal asymptote, corresponding to the strength criterion (plastic limit analysis), to an inclined asymptote of −0.5 slope, corresponding to linear elastic fracture mechanics. Optimum fits of the test results by the size effect law are obtained, and the size effect law parameters are then used to identify the material fracture characteristics, particularly the fracture energy and the effective length of the fracture process zone. Finally, the R-curves are also identified on the basis of the maximum load data. The results show that in design situations with notches or large initial traction-free cracks the size effect on the nominal strength of fiber composite laminates must be taken into account.
Evaporation Kinetics of Sessile Water Droplets on Micropillared Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2013)

Evaporation modes and kinetics of sessile droplets of water on micropillared superhydrophobic surfaces are experimentally investigated. The results show that a constant contact radius (CCR) mode and a constant contact angle (CCA) mode are two dominating evaporation modes during droplet evaporation on the superhydrophobic surfaces. With the decrease in the solid fraction of the superhydrophobic surfaces, the duration of a CCR mode is reduced and that of a CCA mode is increased. Compared to Rowan's kinetic model, which is based on the vapor diffusion across the droplet boundary, the change in a contact angle in a CCR (pinned) mode shows a remarkable deviation, decreasing at a slower rate on the superhydrophobic surfaces with less-solid fractions. In a CCA (receding) mode, the change in a contact radius agrees well with the theoretical expectation, and the receding speed is slower on the superhydrophobic surfaces with lower solid fractions. The discrepancy between experimental results and Rowan's model is attributed to the initial large contact angle of a droplet on superhydrophobic surfaces. The droplet geometry with a large contact angle results in a narrow wedge region of air along the contact boundary, where the liquid-vapor diffusion is significantly restricted. Such an effect becomes minor as the evaporation proceeds with the decrease in a contact angle. In both the CCR and CCA modes, the evaporative mass transfer shows the linear relationship between mass(2/3) and evaporation time. However, the evaporation rate is slower on the superhydrophobic surfaces, which is more significant on the surfaces with lower solid fractions. As a result, the superhydrophobic surfaces slow down the drying process of a sessile droplet on them.
Acute Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability (2002)

The acute neurotoxicity seen with oxaliplatin is characterized by peripheral-nerve hyperexcitability, and the findings are similar to the clinical manifestations of neuromyotonia. Carbamezepine, which provides symptomatic relief in acquired neuromytonia, did not seem to be beneficial. Efforts to identify a successful neuroprotectant strategy would have a major impact on improving patient quality of life and the ability to deliver full doses of oxaliplatin.
Real time key element extraction for design of in flight meal services based on passenger's personality traits (2014)

In flight meal services is one of the most important points to judge an airline as favorite to the passengers. It is crucial to include personal trait in designing these services. Thus, this work concentrated on formulating model of in-flight meal services. First, by using Key Element Extraction (KEE), we identify passenger's personality traits in real time from social media. And then we design model formulation of in-flight meal services, by using Quantification Theory Type 1 (QTT1). The identification of passenger's personality traits in computational experiment are based on particular type such as neophobia, variety seeking selective, and variety seeking. Variants formulation for each personality traits were designed for different categories such as menu variant, originality, appearance, suitability, cordiality, punctually and responsibility. To enabling implementation of this model, it is required to attach it to the current booking and database costumer system that running online.
MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ANEURYSMAL REMODELING ARE LOCALIZED IN THE HIGH HEMODYNAMIC STRESS REGION OF A CREATED CAROTID BIFURCATION (2009)

Aneurysm-initiating remodeling induced by combined high WSS and high, positive WSS gradient is associated with molecular changes implicated in IAs.
Synthesis and stereochemistry of 7-phenyl-2-propionanilidobenzo[a]quinolizidine derivatives. Structural probes of fentanyl analgesics (1981)

The for diastereomers of N-(1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-7-phenyl-2H-benzo[a]quinolizin-2-yl)-N-phenylpropanamide (7c, 7d, 9c, and 9d), which are conformationally restricted analogues of fentanyl, were synthesized and separately tested for analgesic activity and affinity for the opiate receptor of rat brain. Stereochemical assignments for 7c, 7d, 9c, and 9d were deduced from NMR spectral analyses. Conformational analysis revealed that the 2 alpha isomers (7d and 9d) exist in solution as mixtures of cis- and trans-fused conformers with ca. 90 and 45% cis form, respectively. Other compounds (12a, 12b, and 14) related to these propionanilides were also prepared, stereochemically characterized, and tested. Weak analgesic activity was observed for 7d, and both 7d and 9d bound to the opiate receptor with an I50 of ca. 1100 and 1500 nM, respectively (ca. 0.5% of fentanyl and 2% of morphine). The analgesic activity of 7d was abolished by the opiate antagonist naloxone.
A synthetic document image dataset for developing and evaluating historical document processing methods (2011)

Document images accompanied by OCR output text and ground truth transcriptions are useful for developing and evaluating document recognition and processing methods, especially for historical document images. Additionally, research into improving the performance of such methods often requires further annotation of training and test data (e.g., topical document labels). However, transcribing and labeling historical documents is expensive. As a result, existing real-world document image datasets with such accompanying resources are rare and often relatively small. We introduce synthetic document image datasets of varying levels of noise that have been created from standard (English) text corpora using an existing document degradation model applied in a novel way. Included in the datasets is the OCR output from real OCR engines including the commercial ABBYY FineReader and the open-source Tesseract engines. These synthetic datasets are designed to exhibit some of the characteristics of an example real-world document image dataset, the Eisenhower Communiqu´es. The new datasets also benefit from additional metadata that exist due to the nature of their collection and prior labeling efforts. We demonstrate the usefulness of the synthetic datasets by training an existing multi-engine OCR correction method on the synthetic data and then applying the model to reduce word error rates on the historical document dataset. The synthetic datasets will be made available for use by other researchers.
A new synthesis of α-methylene lactones (1990)

Various α-diethoxyphosphoryl-γ, δ-unsaturated acids were synthesized in good yields via alkylation of ethyl (diethoxyphosphoryl)acetate with allylic bromides. Iodo- and seleno-lactonization led to α-phosphono-iodo and -seleno lactones, which underwent Wittig–Horner reaction with paraformaldehyde to produce α-methylene-γ-lactones in very good yields. This methodology was applied to a short synthesis of frullanolide.
Monoclonal Antibodies That Bind to the Core of Fusion-Active Glycoprotein 41 (2000)

The heptad repeat regions HR1 and HR2 of HIV-1 gp41 can associate to form heterooligomers through helical coil-coil interactions that are believed to play a key role in virus-induced membrane fusion. The HR1/HR2 complex was proposed to be the core structure of the fusion-active conformation of gp41. Here, we show that two human monoclonal antibodies, Fab-d and 50-69, specifically recognize the putative fusion-active conformation of gp41. Fab-d binding requires the interaction between the HR1 and HR2 regions of gp41. The reactivity of human monoclonal antibody 50-69 to the C terminus of the HR1 sequence is dependent on the helical structure of HR1. It appears that HR2 is able to interact with HR1 and, subsequently, induce an epitope in HR1 that is required for 50-69 binding. Mutations that disrupt the helical structure of HR1 significantly compromise Fab-d and 50-69 binding. Although the epitopes are not identical, the ability of Fab-d to partially compete with 50-69 binding suggests a close proximity of the two epitopes. Antibodies that are able to interact with the core of the putative fusion-active gp41 may be useful in further unveiling the mechanism of HIV-induced membrane fusion.
The Desegregated School System and the Retrogression Plan (1988)

School integration
Measuring quality of experience for MPEG-21-based cross-layer multimedia content adaptation (2008)

The aim of this paper is to describe a Quality of Service (QoS) model enabling to measure the perceptual quality of video transmissions by exploiting metrics from different layers (service, application, network) in an interoperable way. As such we are able to keep the quality experienced by the end user at a satisfactory level without cost-intensive subjective tests. Therefore, we propose a detailed QoS model for video transmission following the philosophy of the ITU-T's E-model for audio and show how this can be translated into interoperable description formats offered by the MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework.
Aerogenic Immunization of the Monkey and Guinea Pig with Live Tularemia Vaccine (1961)

SummaryStudies were made on the clinical acceptability and immunogenicity of live tularemia vaccine administered to the monkey and guinea pig by the dermal or respiratory route. Aerogenic as well as dermal vaccination proved innocuous. Animals vaccinated aerogenically showed higher levels of antibody and comparable if not greater protection against challenge with a highly virulent strain of P. tularensis than animals vaccinated dermally.
<i>In vitro</i> selection of a purine nucleotide-specific hammerheadlike ribozyme (1998)

The in vitro selection for an intramolecular AUG-cleaving hammerhead-like ribozyme is described. One of the ribozymes selected was found to cleave after this triplet, both intramolecularly and intermolecularly, with rates comparable to the rate of the native GUC-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme. Although the selection was designed for cleavage 3' of the AUG triplet, the ribozyme also cleaves 3' of the AUA triplet. AUU and AUC triplets are, however, not cleaved, and thus the selected ribozyme is purine-specific for the third position in the triplet. In addition, cleavage 3' of the AAG triplet has been observed, thus the central U is not essential. Nuclease digestion indicates that the selected ribozyme has a secondary structure similar to that of the native hammerhead ribozyme, although with an altered core and stem-loop II sequence. All nucleotides in the core, except one, are essential for activity. The nucleotides in loop II are sensitive to changes and cannot, as in the hammerhead ribozyme, be replaced by other sequences or a nonnucleotide linker. Thus there are differences between these two ribozymes even though they have similar two-dimensional structures. The new ribozyme enlarges the application of hammerhead ribozymes for the inhibition of gene expression by extending the range of cleavable triplets.
A comparative study of the atomic hydrogen penetration into thin vanadium films and silicon oxide-gallium arsenide structures (2000)

It was established that the laws of atomic hydrogen penetration from an arc reflection discharge gap with a hollow cathode and self-heating element into GaAs samples coated with a thin SiO2 film differ significantly from the laws observed for the hydrogenation of thin vanadium films. The amount of hydrogen penetrating into the SiO2/GaAs system decreases with increasing atomic hydrogen concentration in the gas phase. This is apparently related to a decrease in the probability of hydrogen atoms penetrating into the substrate, which is suggested to drop significantly with decreasing atomic energy and/or increasing hydrogen content in a thin subsurface layer.
Progress and prospects for engineered <scp>T</scp> cell therapies (2014)

Proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of engineered T cells. Transfer of recombinant antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCR) and chimaeric antigen receptors (CARs) against tumour and viral antigens are under investigation by multiple approaches, including viral- and nonviral-mediated gene transfer into both autologous and allogeneic T cell populations. There have been notable successes recently using viral vector-mediated transfer of CARs specific for B cell antigens, but also reports of anticipated and unanticipated complications in these and other studies. We review progress in this promising area of cellular therapy, and consider developments in antigen receptor therapies including the application of emerging gene-editing technologies.
Developmental and muscle-specific regulation of avian fast skeletal troponin T isoform expression by mRNA splicing. (1989)

We have investigated the developmental regulation of the avian fast skeletal muscle troponin T (TnTf) gene of the Japanese quail. Sequence analysis of troponin T mRNA, cDNA clones, and a genomic DNA segment demonstrate that the avian, fast skeletal TnTf protein isoforms are produced from a single gene. This TnTf gene is expressed in skeletal muscle, but not in adult cardiac muscles or in non-muscle tissues. In addition to known TnT isoforms, three new isoforms of TnT are described. These isoforms arise by regulated alternative RNA splicing of exons in the 5' and 3' regions of TnTf transcripts. Alternative splicing of the 5' TnTf exons involves splicing of multiple exons in different combinations (i.e. not mutually exclusive), whereas 3' alternative splicing involves mutually exclusive splice choices between two exons (alpha or beta exons). S1 nuclease protection and primer extension analyses show that alternative splicing of both 5' and 3' exons is precisely regulated and coordinated in physiologically different striated muscles, which express distinct, restricted combinations of 5' and 3' alternatively spliced exons in mRNA transcripts. In contrast, different embryonic muscles and clonal embryonic myoblast cultures coexpress the 3' alternative splice choices. This indicates that alternative splicing of TnTf mRNAs is controlled in different adult muscles by specific trans factors, and not by the restricted expression of different spliced forms in different embryonic myoblast lineages. Comparison of TnTf isoform expression in quail and chicken flight muscle (Wilkinson, J. M., Moir, A. J., and Waterfield, M. D. (1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 143, 47-56) to TnTf isoforms of the rat (Breitbart, R. E., and Nadal-Ginard, B. (1986) J. Mol. Biol. 188, 313-324), and rabbit (Pearlstone, J. R., Carpenter, M. R., and Smillie, M. B. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 73, 1902-1906) indicates that the avian gene contains an additional exon(s) not present in mammalian genes. The alternative exon sequences TnTf mRNAs expressed in anatomically distinct quail muscles can be correlated with sequences in TnTf protein isoforms in these chicken muscles. Thus, the regulated splicing of alternative exons in TnT transcripts, and not selective translation of stochastically spliced TnT mRNAs, regulates TnTf isoform expression in specific muscles.
Instruction scheduling for instruction level parallel processors (2001)

Nearly all personal computer and workstation processors, and virtually all high-performance embedded processor cores, now embody instruction level parallel (ILP) processing in the form of superscalar or very long instruction word (VLIW) architectures. ILP processors put much more of a burden on compilers; without "heroic" compiling techniques, most such processors fall far short of their performance goals. Those techniques are largely found in the high-level optimization phase and in the code generation phase; they are also collectively called instruction scheduling. This paper reviews the state of the art in code generation for ILP parallel processors. Modern ILP code generation methods move code across basic block boundaries. These methods grew out of techniques for generating horizontal microcode, so we introduce the problem by describing its history. Most modem approaches can be categorized by the shape of the scheduling "region." Some of these regions are loops, and for those techniques known broadly as "Software Pipelining" are used. Software Pipelining techniques are only considered here when there are issues relevant to the region-based techniques presented. The selection of a type of region to use in this process is one of the most controversial questions in code generation; the paper surveys the best known alternatives. The paper then considers two questions: First, given a type of region, how does one pick specific regions of that type in the intermediate code. In conjunction with region selection, we consider region enlargement techniques such as unrolling and branch target expansion. The second question, how does one construct a schedule once regions have been selected, occupies the next section of the paper. Finally, schedule construction using recent, innovative resource modeling based on finite-state automata is then reexamined. The paper includes an extensive bibliography.
Endothelin and vascular function in liver disease (2004)

The endothelins are a group of three related peptides with two receptor subtypes, ET(A) and ET(B). Following the discovery of endothelin 1 as a potent vasoconstrictor, there has been intense interest in the role of endothelin on vascular function in liver disease. Speculation on the role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure, including hepatorenal syndrome, has also been speculated.
The structures of BtuCD and MscS and their implications for transporter and channel function (2003)

The passage of most molecules across biological membranes is mediated by specialized integral membrane proteins known as channels and transporters. Although these transport families encompass a wide range of functions, molecular architectures and mechanisms, there are common elements that must be incorporated within their structures, namely the translocation pathway, ligand specificity elements and regulatory sensors to control the rate of ligand flow across the membrane. This minireview discusses aspects of the structure and mechanism of two bacterial transport systems, the stretch-activated mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) and the ATP-dependent vitamin B12 uptake system (BtuCD), emphasizing their general implications for transporter function.
SmartPublisher (2006)

SmartPublisher is a powerful, all-in-one application for pen-based devices with which users can quickly and intuitively create new documents by reusing individual image and text elements acquired from analogue and/or digital documents. The application is especially targeted at scanning devices with touch screen operating panels or tablet PCs connected to them (e.g. modern multifunction printers with large touch screen displays), as one of its main purposes is reuse of material obtained from scanned paper documents.
Exendin-4, an analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1, attenuates hyperalgesia through serotonergic pathways in rats with neonatal colonic sensitivity. (2014)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue ROSE-010 can provide effective pain relief from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the underlying biological mechanism is still unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of GLP-1 analogue exendin-4 on visceral hypersensitivity in colonic sensitized rats. Rat models of visceral hypersensitivity were established by intra-colonic infusion of acetic acid in 10-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Visceral sensitivity was assessed by measurement of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) and electromyography (EMG). Exendin-4 with doses of 1, 5, and 10 μg/kg were intraperitoneally administered, respectively. The expressions of serotonin transporter (SERT) and tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1) in colonic tissues were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The levels of serotonin (5-HT) and GLP-1 were measured by ELISA assay. Visceral hypersensitivity after neonatal colonic sensitization was verified. The colonic sensitized rats showed low levels of GLP-1 in plasma and high levels of 5-HT in plasma and colonic tissue (P<0.05). Exendin-4 dose-dependently reduced visceral hypersensitivity in colonic sensitized rats. The AWR scores in colonic sensitized rats with exendin-4 (5 μg/kg) reduced to 1.56±0.53 (P=0.013 vs. 2.33±0.50), 2.23±0.45 (P=0.008 vs. 3.0±0.5) during CRD at 40, and 60 mmHg, respectively. Similar findings were showed at dose of 10 μg/kg. Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg) reduced the EMG during CRD at 40, 60, 80 mmHg (P<0.01). Exendin-4 (5.0 μg/kg or 10.0 μg/kg) significantly decreased the 5-HT colonic levels (2.343±0.447, 2.175±0.360 ng/100 mg vs. 3.607±0.628 ng/100 mg, P<0.05). The SERT protein expressions in colonic tissues in colonic sensitized rats were significantly increased with exendin-4 at doses of 1, 5 or 10 μg/kg (0.759±0.068, 0.942±0.037, 0.944±0.097 vs. 0.552±0.047, P<0.05, respectively), and the SERT mRNA expression also increased after treatment with exendin-4. The colonic sensitized rats showed lower TPH-1 levels after treatment with exendin-4 (P<0.05). These findings suggest that exendin-4 reduce visceral hypersensitivity and this may be associated with up-regulating SERT expression, and down-regulating TPH-1 expression.
Collision resolution for variable-length messages (1993)

A collision resolution algorithm for variable length messages is proposed and studied. Both throughput and delay are obtained. The delay analysis is done at both the packet and message level. Due to reduced contention, this protocol can achieve very high throughput. The effect of channel errors is also studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>