gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Personal Videocasting System with Intelligent TV Browsing for a Practical Video Application Environment (2009)

In this paper, a video broadcasting system between a home-server-type device and a mobile device is proposed. The home-server-type device can automatically extract semantic information from video contents, such as news, a soccer match, and a baseball game. The indexing results are utilized to convert the original video contents to a digested or arranged format. From the mobile device, a user can make recording requests to the home-server-type devices and can then watch and navigate recorded video contents in a digested form. The novelty of this study is the actual implementation of the proposed system by combining the actual IT environment that is available with indexing algorithms. The implementation of the system is demonstrated along with experimental results of the automatic video indexing algorithms. The overall performance of the developed system is compared with existing state-of-the-art personal video recording products.
Fabrication of head-flyable nanohole patterned media and dynamic write/read measurement with GMR head (2005)

Fabrication of alumina nanohole media and write/read experiments using a merge-type GMR head on such patterned media were studied. By optimizing the conditions for anodization, electrodeposition and surface polishing, we have succeeded in measuring the write/read characteristics. The Cobalt filled nanohole media with a pitch of 63 nm and an aspect ratio of 6.3 showed a D50 of 200 kFCI. Detailed analysis showed that the microscopic waveform seems to have a dependence on the nanohole array location.
Oil coating of dietary protein for the ruminant. (1975)

Diets containing expeller-extracted linseed meal treated with corn oil, lard or coconut oil were fed to lambs to determine the effectiveness of coating the protein in reducing its ruminal degradation. Three common indicators of nitrogen metabolism in the ruminant were used in evaluation: ruminal ammonia, blood plasma ammonia and plasma urea. Eight crossbred lambs, averaging 27 kg in weight, were allotted to the four diets which were fed at a rate of 350 g at 12-hour intervals. Ruminal ammonia, plasma ammonia and plasma urea were monitored at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hr after feeding. Lambs consuming coconut oil-treated linseed meal produced less rumen ammonia (average of .5 mg/100 ml across all collection times) than those fed normal linseed meal (10.3 mg/100 ml). Lambs fed corn oil-treated and lard-treated linseed meal had ruminal ammonia levels intermediate to those fed normal and coconut oil-treated linseed meal. Levels of plasma ammonia and plasma urea nitrogen of normal linseed meal were significantly higher than the same measures with the oil-treated linseed meals. Differences in plasma ammonia and urea nitrogen were not significant among the three oil-treated diets.
ErbB-targeted CAR T-cell Immunotherapy of Cancer (2015)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) based immunotherapy has been under development for the last 25 years and is now a promising new treatment modality in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The approach involves genetically engineering T cells to target malignant cells through expression of a bespoke fusion receptor that couples an HLA-independent antigen recognition domain to one or more intracellular T-cell activating modules. Multiple clinical trials are now underway in several centers to investigate CAR T-cell immunotherapy of diverse hematologic and solid tumor types. The most successful results have been achieved in the treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies, in whom several complete and durable responses have been achieved. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical development of CAR T-cell immunotherapy of solid cancers, targeted against members of the ErbB family.
<i>50th Anniversary Perspective</i>: Polymer Functionalization (2017)

The translation of small molecule chemistries into efficient methodologies for polymer functionalization spans several decades, enabling critical advances in soft matter materials synthesis with tailored and adaptive property profiles. The present Perspective explores—based on selected examples—50 years of innovation in polymer functionalization chemistries. These span a diverse set of chemistries based on activated esters, thiol–ene/yne processes, nucleophilic systems based on isocyanates, reactions driven by the formation of imines and oximes, ring-opening processes, cycloadditions, and—in a recent renaissance—multicomponent reactions. In addition, a wide variety of chain types and architectures have been modified based on the above chemistries, often with exquisite chemical control, highlighted by key examples. We conclude our journey through polymer functionalization with the—in our view—most critically required advances that have the potential to move from “science fiction” to “science fact”.
Thermal Radiative Transfer and Properties (1992)

The Nature of Thermal Radiation. Radiative Properties and Simple Transfer. Diffuse Surface Transfer. Electromagnetic Theory Results. Classical Dispersion Theory. Monte Carlo Surface Transfer. Radiative Transfer Equation. Thermal Radiation Properties of Gases. Radiative Properties of Particles. Radiative Transfer in Nonscattering, Homogeneous Media. Nonisothermal Transfer: Radiative Equilibrium and Diffusion with Isotropic Scattering. Radiative Transfer with Anisotropic, Multiple Scattering. Radiative Transfer Coupled with Conduction and Convection. Monte Carlo in Participating Media. Appendices. Index.
Rapid Extraction of DNA and rRNA from Sediments by a Novel Hydroxyapatite Spin-Column Method (1996)

We describe a novel hydroxyapatite spin-column method of nucleic acid extraction from natural sediments by which DNA and rRNA can be extracted separately. This very rapid method produces pure nucleic acid that can be utilized in some of the most common molecular biological procedures used in the analysis of natural microbial communities.
A data-parallel many-source shortest-path algorithm to accelerate macroscopic transport network assignment (2019)

The performance and scalability of macroscopic assignment and simulation software limits the quantity, scale and complexity of simulations of transport networks that are used to aid the planning, design and operation of transport systems. Through the application of many-core processing architectures (such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)) and data-parallel algorithms, the performance of such software can be dramatically increased. In this paper, a work-efficient, Multiple Source Shortest Path (MSSP) implementation of the Bellman-Ford algorithm is proposed to dramatically increase the performance of shortest path calculations for low-density high-diameter graphs, which are characteristic of transportation networks. This is achieved through the use of an Origin-Vertex Frontier to increase the level of parallelism within the shortest path algorithm for multiple source vertices in low-density graphs, when executed on GPUs. The algorithm is implemented within the SATURN transport simulation software and benchmarked on a range of real-world transportation networks. Our algorithm improves hardware utilisation of massively-parallel GPUs; demonstrating performance improvements of up to 7.8x over a multi-core CPU (Central Processing Unit) implementation.
Screening Effects in a Polyelectrolyte Brush:  Self-Consistent-Field Theory (2000)

We have developed an analytical self-consistent-field (SCF) theory describing conformations of weakly charged polyelectrolyte chains tethered to the solid-liquid interface and immersed in a solution of low molecular weight salt. Depending on the density of grafting of the polyelectrolytes to the interface and on the salt concentration we distinguish three main asymptotic regimes of behavior of the grafted layer. These regimes are characterized by (i) unscreened Coulomb repulsion between polyions, (ii) screening of the interchain interactions predominantly by counterions, or (iii) screening ensured by co-ions and counterions of the salt, respectively. We have demonstrated that all the structural and thermodynamic properties of the brush are determined by two dimensionless parameters, i.e., the bare Gouy-Chapman length normalized by the characteristic brush thickness and the bulk Debye screening length, respectively. The theory describes contraction of the brush as a whole and its internal structural rearrangements with increasing salt concentration. In particular, we consider variation of the polymer density profile and distributions of the end segments and small ions with increasing salt concentration. The maximum sensitivity of the brush to the addition of salt is predicted in the intermediate range of grafting density while dense and sparse brushes are less affected by added salt.
Microenvironmental Regulators of Tissue Structure and Function Also Regulate Tumor Induction and Progression: The Role of Extracellular Matrix and Its Degrading Enzymes (2005)

It is now widely accepted that elements of the cellular and tissue microenvironment are crucial regulators of cell behavior in culture and homeostasis in vivo, and that many of the same factors influence the course of tumor progression. Less well established is the extent to which extracellular factors actually cause cancer, and the circumstances under which this may occur. Using physiologically relevant three-dimensional culture assays and transgenic animals, we have explored how the environmental and architectural context of cells, tissues, and organs controls mammary-specific gene expression, growth regulation, apoptosis, and drug resistance and have found that loss of tissue structure is a prerequisite for cancer progression. Here we summarize this evidence and highlight two of our recent studies. Using mouse mammary epithelial cells, we show that exposure to matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that destabilize the genome and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition, causing malignant transformation. Using a human breast cancer progression series, we find that ADAM-dependent growth factor shedding plays a crucial role in acquisition of the malignant phenotype. These findings illustrate how normal tissue structure controls the response to extracellular signals so as to preserve tissue specificity and growth status.
Topical chlorhexidine for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A meta-analysis* (2007)

Our analysis showed that topical chlorhexidine is beneficial in preventing VAP; the benefit is most marked in cardiac surgery patients. A large randomized trial is needed to determine the impact of topical chlorhexidine on mortality.
Calculation of a proximity resist heating in variably shaped electron beam lithography (1992)

In variably shaped electron beam (EB) lithography, the horizontal thermal diffusion in a resist cannot be neglected when, high-current density, a high-speed deflector amplifier, and a multiple-layer resist system are used. These cause a horizontal-mode resist heating (labeled ‘‘proximity resist heating’’). Calculation of proximity resist heating is accomplished by a finite element method, using ansys (Ver.4.4A) program. The calculation results suggest that the proximity resist heating is caused by the horizontal thermal flux from previous EB shot through a top layer resist. Especially, in case a high-current acceleration voltage is used, the thermal effect is not caused by the vertical-mode resist heating, but by the horizontal-mode resist heating. It is also shown that the shorter settling time, which is the interval between shots, results in a higher resist temperature and a closer position of maximum resist temperature to the previous EB shot position, and that a high-acceleration voltage in case of using a fixed current density brings out the reduction in resist heating.
Imagine the Superiority of Dry Powder Inhalers from Carrier Engineering (2018)

Inhalation therapy has strong history of more than 4000 years and it is well recognized around the globe within every culture. In early days, inhalation therapy was designed for treatment of local disorders such as asthma and other pulmonary diseases. Almost all inhalation products composed a simple formulation of a carrier, usually <i>α</i>-lactose monohydrate orderly mixed with micronized therapeutic agent. Most of these formulations lacked satisfactory pulmonary deposition and dispersion. Thus, various alternative carrier's molecules and powder processing techniques are increasingly investigated to achieve suitable aerodynamic performance. In view of this fact, more suitable and economic alternative carrier's molecules with advanced formulation strategies are discussed in the present review. Furthermore, major advances, challenges, and the future perspective are discussed.
COVID-19: Epidemiology and virology (2020)

The novel coronavirus (CoV), termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related CoV-2 (SARS CoV-2), responsible for an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China is a testimony to the risk the CoVs pose to the public health. In this review, a brief introduction of the human CoVs (hCoV), along with the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the infection caused by the hCoVs, especially the SARS-CoV-2, shall help in the understanding of the COVID-19.
Langevin and Trap‐Assisted Recombination in Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2014)

Bimolecular and trap‐assisted recombination mechanisms are investigated in small molecule‐based phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) using the current−voltage−luminance characteristics in the diffusion current region, along with transient electroluminescence and capacitance measurements. Two different PhOLEDs, one with a single host, 4,4′‐Bis(carbazol‐9‐yl)biphenyl, and the other with an exciplex‐forming co‐host, are studied. Trap‐assisted recombination with a large number of trapped charges is dominant in the PhOLED with the single host because of the large energy gap between the host and the dopant state. In contrast, bimolecular Langevin recombination is dominant in the PhOLED with the exciplex forming co‐host, where a phosphorescent dye is doped in the co‐host. As a result, the accumulated charge density is lower in the co‐host system than in the single host emission layer, leading to high efficiency that approaches the theoretical limit, with an extremely low efficiency roll‐off.
Medium Access Control Schemes for Local Area Networks with Multiple Priority Function (1988)

This paper deals with the development and performance evaluation of three modified versions of a scheme proposed for medium access control in local area networks. The original scheme implements a collision-free and fair medium arbitration by using a control wire in conjunction with a data bus. The modifications suggested in this paper are intended to realize the multiple priority function in local area networks.
Improved Synthesis Strategy for Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA) appropriate for Cell-specific Fluorescence Imaging (2012)

Progress in genomics and proteomics attended to the door for better understanding the recent rapid expanding complex research field of metabolomics. This trend in biomedical research increasingly focuses to the development of patient-specific therapeutic approaches with higher efficiency and sustainability. Simultaneously undesired adverse reactions are avoided. In parallel, the development of molecules for molecular imaging is required not only for the imaging of morphological structures but also for the imaging of metabolic processes like the aberrant expression of the cysteine protease cathepsin B (CtsB) gene and the activity of the resulting product associated with metastasis and invasiveness of malign tumors. Finally the objective is to merge imaging and therapy at the same level. The design of molecules which fulfil these responsibilities is pivotal and requires proper chemical methodologies. In this context our modified solid phase peptide chemistry using temperature shifts during synthesis is considered as an appropriate technology. We generated highly variable conjugates which consist of molecules useful as diagnostically and therapeutically active molecules. As an example the modular PNA products with the complementary sequence to the CtsB mRNA and additionally with a cathepsin B cleavage site had been prepared as functional modules for distinction of cell lines with different CtsB gene expression. After ligation to the modular peptide-based BioShuttle carrier, which was utilized to facilitate the delivery of the functional modules into the cells' cytoplasm, the modules were scrutinized.
Efficient symbolic execution of strings for validating web applications (2009)

Symbolic execution is a popular technique used in formal verification of software and hardware systems. In this paper we examine three different ways of performing symbolic execution for the purpose of formal model checking, on web application software implemented with the Java programming language. We evaluate the different techniques on real industrial applications and compare them on issues of performance, implementation ease, and ease-of-use. There are some special characteristics of web applications like extensive use of string inputs that need to be tackled before traditional symbolic execution techniques become feasible. We provide details of how we have solved those issues.
Late Pulmonary Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma-13 Years after Radical Nephrectomy: A Case Report (2013)

Pulmonary nodules larger than 3 cm in the elderly raise the possibility of malignancy. We present a case of pulmonary metastases that occurred 13 years after radical right nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The patient suffered from cough with hemosputum for days. He visited our outpatient department where pulmonary nodules were detected by chest X-ray examination in February 2012. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed a 3.8 x 3.0 cm soft tissue mass at the right lower lobe (RLL) of the lung, and variably-sized nodules at the bilateral lung fields. Lung cancer, RLL, with lung-to-lung metastasis was suspected. CT-guided biopsy was performed for the RLL mass and histopathology disclosed metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Abdominal CT disclosed a normal appearance of the left kidney and no local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma. We present this case and review the literature of late pulmonary recurrence from renal cell carcinoma.
Antibody Production in Plasmodium Vivax Infections Suppressed by Weekly Doses of Chloroquine (1965)

SummaryFive human volunteers were given weekly suppressive treatment with chloroquine (300 mg base) and then challenged with sporozoite induced Chesson strain vivax malaria. Therapy was continued for 4 to 6 weeks after exposure. Three non-medicated volunteers served as controls. Sera from each of the volunteers were subjected to tests for antibodies by the fluorescent antibody technique and for the determination of chloroquine levels.All medicated volunteers maintained a chloroquine level of over 10 micrograms per liter during the period of therapy, with one exception. In this volunteer, on day 15 after exposure to malaria and 7 days after the previous dose of drug, the chloroquine level fell to 6 micrograms per liter.Antibodies were first present in the controls and in 4 of the medicated volunteers 2 to 9 days after the onset of patent parasitemia. In the medicated volunteer whose chloroquine level fell below 10 µg/liter, antibodies developed while the patient was still receiving chloroquine.It was suggested that the early appearance of antibodies in the one medicated volunteer was due to a transient subpatent parasitemia during a period of low serum-chloroquine level. It was concluded that circulating antibodies to erythrocytic parasites were not produced as a result of exoerythrocytic infection.
A conversational system for incremental compilation and execution in a time-sharing environment (1966)

The Conversational Compiler System described herein is implemented on the Scientific Data Systems Model 940 Time-Sharing System. The SDS-940 has, as its Central Processor, a modified SDS-930, the modifications for which were developed at the University of California at Berkeley by Melvin Pirtle. This hardware includes a paging scheme, a set of privileged instructions for monitor as opposed to user mode of operation, and the ability to perform input/output operations to secondary memory while computing.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY. V. ANALOGS OF THE ANTHELMINTICS S NEFTAMON AND DIFEZIL (1976)

Abstract Die Verbindungen (I) und (II) (Nephthamon und Diphezyl sind wirksame Anthelmintica.
<i>In situ</i> SEM and ToF‐SIMS analysis of IgG conjugated gold nanoparticles at aqueous surfaces (2013)

In this study, we report new results of in situ study of 5 nm goat anti‐mouse IgG gold nanoparticles in a novel portable vacuum compatible microfluidic device using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). The unique feature of the liquid flow cell is that the detection window is open to the vacuum allowing direct probing of the liquid surface. The flow cell is composed of a silicon nitride (SiN) membrane and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and it is fully compatible with vacuum operations for surface analysis. The aperture can be drilled through the 100 nm SiN membrane using a focused ion beam. Characteristic signals of the conjugated gold nanoparticles were successfully observed through the aperture by both energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) in SEM and ToF‐SIMS. Comparison was also made among wet samples, dry samples, and liquid sample in the flow cell using SEM/EDX. Stronger gold signal can be observed in our novel portable device by SEM/EDX compared with the wet or dry samples, respectively. Our results indicate that analyses of the nanoparticle components are better made in their native liquid environment. This is made possible using our unique microfluidic flow cell. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Advances and Novel Approaches in Laboratory-Based Diagnostic Mycology (2021)

What was once just culture and microscopy the field of diagnostic mycology has significantly advanced in recent years and continues to incorporate novel assays and strategies to meet the changes in clinical demand. The emergence of widespread resistance to antifungal therapy has led to the development of a range of molecular tests that target mutations associated with phenotypic resistance, to complement classical susceptibility testing and initial applications of next-generation sequencing are being described. Lateral flow assays provide rapid results, with simplicity allowing the test to be performed outside specialist centres, potentially as point-of-care tests. Mycology has responded positively to an ever-diversifying patient population by rapidly identifying risk and developing diagnostic strategies to improve patient management. Nowadays, the diagnostic repertoire of the mycology laboratory employs classical, molecular and serological tests and should be keen to embrace diagnostic advancements that can improve diagnosis in this notoriously difficult field.
Ablation of the Endometrium with the Neodymium:YAG Laser: A Multicenter Study (1986)

Hysterectomy is the most often performed operation in the United States. Many patients undergo hysterectomy for chronic recurrent menorrhagia refractory to medical and surgical therapy. This paper describes a conservative method of treating menorrhagia on an outpatient basis using the neodymium:YAG laser through the hysteroscope. Sixty-one patients from four separate institutions with chronic recurrent menorrhagia are described. All patients have noted a decrease in menstrual flow or have become totally amenorrheic and, thus, have avoided the major operation of hysterectomy. Preliminary results indicate that ablation of the endometrium with the Nd:YAG laser is a safe and effective alternative to hysterectomy in patients with chronic menorrhagia.