gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) as a new target for obesity treatment (2010)

Recently, we serendipitously discovered that mice with the deficiency of the enzyme prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) have elevated alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) levels which lead to decreased food intake and weight loss. This suggests that PRCP is an endogenous inactivator of alpha-MSH and an appetite stimulant. Since a modest weight loss can have the most profound influence on reducing cardiovascular risk factors, the inhibitors of PRCP would be emerging as a possible alternative for pharmacotherapy in high-risk patients with obesity and obesity-related disorders. The discovery of a new biological activity of PRCP in the PRCP-deficient mice and studies of alpha-MSH function indicate the importance and complexity of the hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system in altering food intake. Identifying a role for PRCP in regulating alpha-MSH in the brain may be a critical step in enhancing our understanding of how the brain controls food intake and body weight. In light of recent findings, the potential role of PRCP in regulating fuel homeostasis is critically evaluated. Further studies of the role of PRCP in obesity are much needed.
Detection of multicarrier modulations using 4th-order cumulants (2003)

This paper deals with modulation classification. Our goal is to discriminate single-carrier (SC) modulations from multicarrier (MC) modulations of OFDM type. Because MC modulations are asymptotically Gaussian, we propose here a detector using the statistical test of Giannakis and Tsatsanis (1990) based on fourth-order cumulants. This test is here adapted to the specific case of digital modulations which allows one to reduce the algorithm complexity. Simulations are provided and show that in the worst case (filtered 256-QAM versus 32-OFDM) the detector achieves a probability of detection Pd=0.99 for a probability of false alarm Pfa=10/sup -2/.
Targeting the IGF-1R: The Tale of the Tortoise and the Hare (2015)

The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a key role in the development and maintenance of cancer. Since the first links between growth factor receptors and oncogenes were noted over three decades ago, targeting the IGF-1R has been of great interest. This review follows the progress from inception through intense pharmaceutical development, disappointing clinical trials and recent updates to the signaling paradigm. In light of major developments in signaling understanding and activation complexities, we examine reasons for failure of first line targeting approaches. Recent findings include the fact that the IGF-1R can signal in the absence of the ligand, in the absence of kinase activity, and utilizes components of the GPCR system. With recognition of the unappreciated complexities that this first wave of targeting approaches encountered, we advocate re-recognition of IGF-1R as a valid target for cancer treatment and look to future directions, where both research and pharmaceutical strengths can lend themselves to finally unearthing anti-IGF-1R potential.
MULTILEVEL SHAPE PARAMETERIZATION FOR AERODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION - APPLICATION TO DRAG AND NOISE REDUCTION OF TRANSONIC/SUPERSONIC BUSINESS JET (2004)

smoothing, embedded Bézier shape parameterizations, free-form deformation Abstract. We present the construction and report on the experimentation of a shapeoptimization method applied to the aerodynamic design of a transonic or supersonic business jet. The main numerical ingredients are: a 3D unstructured-grid compressible-flow finite-volume solver, free-form deformation approach for shape and mesh movement based on self-adaptive and multilevel 3D tensorial Bézier polynomial representations by the degree-elevation technique, and a general genetic or simplex optimizer. In our test-cases, we reduce the pressure drag and, for the supersonic case, a criterion of the noise source of supersonic bang. Our experiments demonstrate the versatility of the free-form deformation approach within an unstructured grid volume discretization, and the cost-efficiency of hierarchical optimization strategies (parameterization degree-enhancement or V-cycles). 1
Service composition using service selection with WS-agreement (2009)

The business requirements are dynamic in nature. Identification of suitable business partners who can satisfy a set of guarantees demand is a critical process. Selection of business partners is influenced by several parameters including maximizing profit, minimizing cost, reliability, credit history, etc. A business process can be decomposed into several tasks, possibly expressed as Web services implementing desired business functionalities. Each service offers a set of guarantees, each defining a Service Level Objective(SLO). Many service providers may provide the similar business functionality in the form of service with different SLOs. Thus, it is necessary to select services offered by service partner(s) such that overall performance of the process is improved. By specifying requirements of a service in the form of multiple service level objectives (SLOs), selection of a service provider can be achieved based on the best or optimal matching of SLOs of service consumer and providers. A set of services, SLOs, and participating actors constitute a Service Level Agreement (SLA). In this work, WS-Agreement specification is used to specify the SLA. The service partner must comply with the multiple criteria and preferences of a requester. Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method is also required in this process.
Hydrophobic Effects in 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of <i>C,N</i>-Diphenylnitrone with Dibutyl fumarate in Aqueous Solutions (1999)

The reaction rate of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of C,N-diphenylnitrone with dibutylfumarate increases dramatically in aqueous solutions relative to other solvents.
Phase <scp>IA</scp>/<scp>II</scp>, multicentre, open‐label study of the <scp>CD</scp>40 antagonistic monoclonal antibody lucatumumab in adult patients with advanced non‐<scp>H</scp>odgkin or <scp>H</scp>odgkin lymphoma (2013)

Despite advancements in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), patients continue to relapse and thus a need for new targeted therapies remains. The CD40 receptor is highly expressed on neoplastic B cells and activation leads to enhanced proliferation and survival. Lucatumumab (HCD122) is a fully human antagonistic CD40 monoclonal antibody. A phase IA/II study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and activity of lucatumumab in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Determination of the MTD was the primary objective of the phase IA dose escalation portion and clinical response was the primary objective of the phase II dose expansion portion. Patients received escalating doses of lucatumumab administered intravenously once weekly for 4 weeks of an 8-week cycle. MTD was determined at 4 mg/kg of lucatumumab. A total of 111 patients with NHL (n = 74) and HL (n = 37) were enrolled. Responses were observed across various lymphoma subtypes. The overall response rate by computed tomography among patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) and marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MZL/MALT) was 33·3% and 42·9%, respectively. Lucatumumab demonstrates modest activity in relapsed/refractory patients with advanced lymphoma, suggesting that targeting of CD40 warrants further investigation.
Precision passive alignment of wafers (2002)

Several macro-scale bench level experiments were carried out to evaluate the alignment repeatability that can be obtained through the elastic averaging principle. Based on these results, a precision passive alignment technique for wafer bonding application was devel-oped. Wafer integral features that allow two stacked wafers to self-align were designed, fabricated and tested for wafer alignment repeatability and accuracy. Testing has demon-strated sub-micrometer repeatability and accuracy can be held using the proposed tech-nique on 4 inch wafers. Passive alignment of the wafers is achieved when convex pyramids, supported on flexural cantlievers, and concave v-grooves patterned on the edges of the wafer engage and are preloaded. A silicon cantilever beam flexure between one of the wafers and the pyramid provides compliance to the coupling to avoid strain on the wafers and allows the surfaces of the wafers to mate. Both the concave coupling features and the convex coupling features are bulk microma-chined through wet anisotropic etch (KOH). The convex features are then release etched
Rapid generation of personalized avatars (2013)

Summary form only given. The ICT Mixed Reality Lab will demonstrate a pipeline for rapidly generating personalized avatars from multiple depth and RGB scans of a user with a consumer level sensor such as a Microsoft Kinect. Based on a fusion of state-of-the-art techniques in graphics, surface reconstruction, and animation, our semi-automatic method can produce a fully rigged, skinned, and textured character model suitable for real-time virtual environments in less than 15 minutes. First, a 3D point cloud is collected from the sensor using a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approach to track the device's movements over time (see Figure 1.a). Next, surface reconstruction techniques are employed to generate a watertight 3D mesh from the raw 3D points (see Figure 1.b). The resulting model is then analyzed to determine the human joint locations, and if a skeleton can be successfully generated for the model, the mesh is then rigged and skinned using weights that are calculated automatically [2]. Finally, photos captured periodically during the scanning process using the sensor's RGB camera are used to texture the final model. The resulting avatar is suitable for real-time animation using a virtual environment or video game engine (see Figure 1.c). We will demonstrate our avatar generation pipeline at IEEE Virtual Reality 2013. Conference attendees may opt to be scanned, and their generated avatar will be provided to them either on a USB stick or through email. A video of this demo can be found at the MxR Lab website [1].
Predicting performance of software systems during feasibility study of software project management (2007)

Software performance is an important nonfunctional attribute of software systems for producing quality software. Performance issues must be considered throughout software project development. Predicting performance early in the life cycle is addressed by many methodologies, but the data collected during feasibility study not considered for predicting performance. In this paper, we consider the data collected (technical and environmental factors) during feasibility study of software project management to predict performance. We derive an algorithm to predict the performance metrics and simulate the results using a case study on banking application.
The glucuronyltransferase B4GAT1 is required for initiation of LARGE-mediated α-dystroglycan functional glycosylation (2014)

Dystroglycan is a cell membrane receptor that organizes the basement membrane by binding ligands in the extracellular matrix. Proper glycosylation of the α-dystroglycan (α-DG) subunit is essential for these activities, and lack thereof results in neuromuscular disease. Currently, neither the glycan synthesis pathway nor the roles of many known or putative glycosyltransferases that are essential for this process are well understood. Here we show that FKRP, FKTN, TMEM5 and B4GAT1 (formerly known as B3GNT1) localize to the Golgi and contribute to the O-mannosyl post-phosphorylation modification of α-DG. Moreover, we assigned B4GAT1 a function as a xylose β1,4-glucuronyltransferase. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies confirmed that a glucuronic acid β1,4-xylose disaccharide synthesized by B4GAT1 acts as an acceptor primer that can be elongated by LARGE with the ligand-binding heteropolysaccharide. Our findings greatly broaden the understanding of α-DG glycosylation and provide mechanistic insight into why mutations in B4GAT1 disrupt dystroglycan function and cause disease.
Motion Picture Versioning by Gamut Mapping (2010)

Historical frontiers between different content types (motion picture, games, television) and distribution channels (cinema, broadcast, pull services, physical media) are vanishing today. In motion picture production, several products are generated for a single motion picture project, among those the argentic and the digital cinema masters, a DVD master, a trailer and even a video game. Each type or version of the motion picture requires several technical and artistic steps to be done. This paper addresses the management of different color gamuts and proposes to use gamut mapping algorithms as support for color correction in motion picture versioning. In both, manual color correction and gamut mapping, colors are definitively changed. Gamut mapping algorithms can only be a tool to ease artistic work. This paper identifies requirements, reviews existing gamut mapping algorithms and then proposes a toolbox for gamut versioning adapted for motion picture post-production. One of the main requirements is the separate and explicit control of hue, saturation and lightness aspects of color. We propose a new cusp-oriented lightbness mapping that allows a better tradeoff between saturation loss and gamut efficiency. We also describe an enhanced method for automatic estimation of the cusp of a color gamut. A psycho-physical evaluation framework is used to evaluate different combinations of gamut mapping algorithms for motion picture versioning. We specifically analyzed night scenes, animated content, face close-ups, scenes with dominant white portions and general scenes. Results show that the new cusporiented lightness mapping enhances the subjective quality of processed versions for most of those scene types.
An expert system to assist production planning (2003)

Describes the approach and implementation of the Production Planning Consultant system (PPC). PPC is an expert system designed to support production planning for a semiconductor device line. Its purpose is not to generate an initial plan, but to deal with modifications to the plan. The planner's revision process consists of three subtasks; PPC supports each subtask by providing a bidirectional update propagation mechanism, a monitoring mechanism, and an inference engine. One of the characteristics of PPC is that it cooperates with the planner in revising a plan to make it satisfactory. An example of PPC execution is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Natriuretic and hypertensive activities reside in a fragment of ACTH. (1984)

The hypertensive and natriuretic effects of chronic administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) cannot be duplicated by the administration of glucocorticoids and/or mineralocorticoids. We investigated the effects of a fragment of this hormone (ACTH4-10) and an analog of the fragment (D-Phe7) ACTH4-10 and found them to have pressor and cardioaccelerator actions in rats as determined by bolus intravenous (i.v.) injections of 30 to 1000 nmol/kg. The pressor and cardioaccelerator effects of (D-Phe7) ACTH4-10 were attenuated by alpha-receptor (phentolamine) and beta-receptor (metoprolol) antagonists. The cardiovascular actions of ACTH4-10 were produced in adrenalectomized or ganglionic-blocked (with mecamylamine) rats. At a lower dose (7 nmol/kg i.v.), ACTH4-10 was natriuretic and had a pattern of activity similar to that of a larger ACTH fragment, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Extraadrenal effects of the intact ACTH molecule or the in vivo production of an ACTH4-10-like fragment from ACTH may contribute to the hypertensive and natriuretic actions associated with this hormone.
Performance optimization of PNP InAlAs/InGaAs HBTs (1997)

Recently, microwave performance has been reported for PNP InAlAs/InGaAs HBTs. Although some simulations have been performed for the optimization of GaAs-based PNP HBTs, little has been reported on the optimization of PNP HBTs in the InP material system. In this work, various layer structures for InAlAs/InGaAs PNP HBTs were simulated using a 2-dimensional drift-diffusion simulator in order to determine the effect of the emitter-base junction design, the base thickness, the base doping, and the collector thickness on both DC and microwave performance. The results show that the most significant performance improvement can be obtained through a thin base (/spl sim/300 /spl Aring/) with low base doping and a built-in drift electric field to accelerate the holes toward the collector. Two wafers of InAlAs/InGaAs PNP HBTs were fabricated from MBE-grown epilayers, one with a 500-/spl Aring/ base doped uniformly at 5/spl times/10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/, and the other with a 500-/spl Aring/ base with linearly graded doping. 5/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ HBTs from the uniform-base wafer had a large-signal current gain of 12, an f/sub T/ of 11 GHz, and an f/sub max/ of 31 GHz. Similar HBTs from the graded-base wafer had a large-signal current gain of 4.2, an f/sub T/ of 13 GHz, and an f/sub max/ of 26 GHz. The graded doping in the base decreased /spl tau//sub b/ by 25%; however, the resulting 85% increase in R/sub B/ caused a reduction of f/sub max/. These results demonstrate the highest published f/sub max/ for InP-based PNP HBTs.
Optimizing the Joint Transmit and Receive MMSE Design Using Mode Selection (2005)

To approach the potential multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capacity while optimizing the system bit-error rate (BER) performance, the joint transmit and receive minimum mean squared error (joint Tx/Rx MMSE) design has been proposed. It is the optimal linear scheme for spatial multiplexing MIMO systems, assuming a fixed number of spatial streams p as well as fixed modulation and coding across these spatial streams. However, the number of spatial streams has been arbitrarily chosen and fixed, which may lead to an inefficient power allocation strategy and a poor BER performance. In this paper, we relax the constraint of fixed number of streams p and optimize this value for the current channel realization, under the constraints of fixed average total transmit power P/sub T/ and fixed rate R, what we refer to as mode selection . Based on the observation of the existence of a dominant optimal number of streams value for the considered Rayleigh flat-fading MIMO channel model, we further propose an "average" mode selection that avoids the per-channel adaptation through using the latter dominant value for all channel realizations. Finally, we exhibit the significant BER improvement provided by our mode selection over the conventional joint Tx/Rx MMSE design. Such significant improvement is due to the better exploitation of the MIMO spatial diversity and the more efficient power allocation enabled by our mode selection.
Expression of a human cartilage procollagen gene (COL2A1) in mouse 3T3 cells (1991)

Expression in a recombinant system has been difficult to obtain for any of the major fibrillar collagens that require processing by eight or more post-translational enzymes. Here, two DNA constructs were designed so that the promoter region of the gene for the pro-alpha 1(I) chain of human type I procollagen drove expression of the human type II procollagen gene in mouse NIH 3T3 cells, a culture line that normally synthesizes type I procollagen but not any cartilage-specific protein such as type II procollagen. Both constructs were expressed as both mRNA and protein. In clones expressing the construct at high levels, the steady-state levels of mRNA and the production of type II procollagen were comparable to the mRNA levels and production of type I procollagen from the endogenous mouse genes. Comparison of clones containing the two constructs demonstrated that sequences extending 80 base pairs beyond the major polyadenylation signal of the gene are not in themselves sufficient for correct termination and 3' processing of RNA transcripts. The results strongly suggest that specific sequences present in a downstream 3.5-kilobase SphI/SphI fragment determine the termination of the transcription. Of special importance is that the system will make it possible to examine the consequences of mutations in the human type II procollagen gene on the processing of RNA transcripts and on the functional properties of the protein simply by using the genomic DNA from leukocytes or other non-cartilaginous sources.
Simultaneous optical measurement of osmotic and diffusional water permeability in cells and liposomes (1989)

A quantitative description of transmembrane water transport requires specification of osmotic (Pf) and diffusional (Pd) water permeability coefficients. Methodology has been developed to measure Pf and Pd simultaneously on the basis of the sensitivity and rapid response of the fluorophore aminonaphthalenetrisulfonic acid (ANTS) to solution H2O/D2O content. Cells loaded with ANTS in an H2O buffer were subjected to an inward osmotic gradient with a D2O buffer in a stopped-flow apparatus. The time courses of cell volume (giving Pf) and H2O/D2O content (giving Pd) were recorded with dual photomultiplier detection of scattered light intensity and ANTS fluorescence, respectively. The method was validated by using sealed red cell ghosts and artificial liposomes reconstituted with the pore-forming agent gramicidin D. At 25 degrees C, red cell ghost Pf was 0.021 cm/s with Pd 0.005 cm/s (H2O/D2O exchange time 7.9 ms). Pf and Pd were inhibited by 90% and 45% upon addition of 0.5 mM HgCl2. The activation energy for Pd increased from 5.1 kcal/mol to 10 kcal/mol with addition of HgCl2 (18-35 degrees C). In 90% phosphatidylcholine (PC)/10% cholesterol liposomes prepared by bath sonication and exclusion chromatography, Pf and Pd were 5.1 X 10(-4) and 6.3 X 10(-4) cm/s, respectively (23 degrees C). Addition of gramicidin D (0.1 micrograms/mg of PC) resulted in a further increment in Pf and Pd of 7 X 10(-4) and 3 X 10(-4) cm/s, respectively. These results validate the new methodology and demonstrate its utility for rapid determination of Pf/Pd in biological membranes and in liposomes reconstituted with water channels.
Designing High-Capacity, Lithium-Ion Cathodes Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (2011)

We have taken advantage of the element specific nature of X-ray absorption spectroscopy to elucidate the chemical and structural details of a surface treatment intended for the protection of high-capacity cathode materials. Electrochemical data have shown that surface treatments of 0.5Li2MnO3•0.5LiCoO2 (Li1.2Mn0.4Co0.4O2) with an acidic solution of lithium–nickel-phosphate significantly improves electrode capacity, rate, and cycling stability. XAS data reveal that the surface treatment results in a modification of the composite structure itself, where Ni2+ cations, intended to be present in a lithium–nickel-phosphate coating, have instead displaced lithium in the transition metal layers of Li2MnO3-like domains within the 0.5Li2MnO3•0.5LiCoO2 structure. X-ray diffraction data show the presence of Li3PO4, suggesting that phosphate ions from the acidic solution are responsible for lithium extraction and nickel insertion with the formation of vacancies and/or manganese reduction for charge compensation. Furthermore, we show that the above effects are not limited to lithium–nickel-phosphate treatments. The studies described are consistent with a novel approach for synthesizing and tailoring the structures of high-capacity cathode materials whereby a Li2MnO3 framework is used as a precursor for synthesizing a wide variety of composite metal oxide insertion electrodes for Li-ion battery applications.
Surfact tension by pendant drops (1938)

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1938.