gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scaleable processes for the manufacture of therapeutic quantities of plasmid DNA (2003)

The need for scaleable processes to manufacture therapeutic plasmid DNA (pDNA) is easy to overlook when attention is focused primarily on vector design and establishment of early clinical results. pDNA is a large molecule and has properties that are similar to those of the contaminating chromosomal DNA. These, combined with the low initial concentration of plasmids in the host cell, provide unique process challenges that require significant upfront design to establish robust manufacturing processes that can also comply with current Good Manufacturing Practice ('cGMP') and produce milligram-to-kilogram quantities of pDNA product. This review describes promising scaleable processes that are currently being assessed for production of therapeutic supercoiled pDNA. Fermentation strategies for improving supercoiled plasmid yield and reducing contaminant concentrations are reviewed, and downstream processes are assessed for their ability to efficiently remove cellular contaminants, separate the supercoiled form of the pDNA from its open circular and linear forms, and prepare the purified drug substance for formulation. Current strategies are presented for developing stable delivery systems, and approaches to quality assurance and quality control are discussed.
Game theory in wireless networks (2011)

Game theory has been employed in the analysis of resource management in telecommunications networks for at least 20 years. As game theory has been traditionally applied to economic problems, it is not surprising that one of its first applications in telecommunications was in the study of pricing. In the early 1990s, researchers used game theory to propose new pricing strategies for Internet services. In the same decade, game theoretic models were developed for non-economic problems in networks, such as flow, admission, and congestion control. By the late 1990s and early 2000s, game theory was being applied to wireless networks.
A computer music system that follows a human conductor (1991)

An electronic orchestra with a complex performance database and MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) controllers is presented. This system responds to the gestures of a conductor through a CCD camera and a sensor glove. The processing of musical information is examined, and the system and its operation are described. It consists of a gesticulation system and the MIDI controllers. The human interface is also discussed. The first professional conductor who tried the system could direct it without special skills or knowledge of either MIDI or a computer. Tests revealed feedback effects on the behavior of the users through their auditory sense, which in turn suggested some ways to determine the parameters of tempo prediction and compensation. The system can play in concert with human performers and even as a part of a symphony orchestra.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of glass-ceramic components via three dimensional printing (1995)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1995.
Observation of Polymer Conformation Hysteresis in Extensional Flow (2003)

Highly extensible Escherichia coli DNA molecules in planar extensional flow were visualized in dilute solution by fluorescence microscopy. For a narrow range of flow strengths, the molecules were found in either a coiled or highly extended conformation, depending on the deformation history of the polymer. This conformation hysteresis persists for many polymer relaxation times and is due to conformation-dependent hydrodynamic forces. Polymer conformational free-energy landscapes were calculated from computer simulations and show two free-energy minima for flow strengths near the coil-stretch transition. Hysteresis cycles may directly influence bulk-solution stresses and the development of stress-strain relations for dilute polymer flows.
China Imposes Special Tax on Oil Companies (2006)

中国“只要国内生产的原油的价格每桶超过 US$40，中央管理开始了从 3 月 26 日在油公司上强加特殊利润税的 s。这是让油公司承担他们的社会责任的一个必要方法。根据国务院和财政部，毕业的税率在 20percent 开始并且与桶价格升起。A 最大值 40% 税因桶被收钱那 areUS$60 并且更高。它每个月将被计算，并且公司被要求做季度的支付。
Principles of whole‐body continuously‐moving‐table MRI (2008)

Continuously-moving-table (CMT) imaging is a new and promising approach to virtually extend the field-of-view (FOV) in currently available MRI systems. It shows high potential to improve a number of applications that require a large FOV, such as whole-body contrast-enhanced angiography and contrast-optimized whole-body head-to-toe imaging. In this work, an overview of the different approaches to CMT imaging is given. Basic principles of two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) techniques are discussed, with emphasis on performance and image-artifact issues. Potential clinical applications and further desirable improvements are outlined.
Chemistry of the Tetracycline Antibiotics. II. Bromination of Dedimethylaminotetracyclines (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of the Tetracycline Antibiotics. II. Bromination of DedimethylaminotetracyclinesArthur Green, Raymond G. Wilkinson, and James H. BootheCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 15, 3946–3950Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01500a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01500a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Current-sharing control technique for interleaving VRMs with coupled inductors (2009)

International audience
Regulation of murine mononuclear phagocyte inflammatory products by macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Lack of IL-1 and prostaglandin E2 production and generation of a specific IL-1 inhibitor (1991)

Abstract The influence of macrophage (M)-CSF on the production of inflammatory mediators has been examined in murine peritoneal macrophages. Cultures of macrophages treated with up to 30,000 U/ml of human rM-CSF or with 10,000 U/ml of L929-derived M-CSF did not reveal either PGE2, IL-1, or IL-6 secretion. In contrast, LPS, which served as a positive control, stimulated production of significant levels of PGE2, IL-1, and IL-6. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis of macrophage RNA revealed a strong induction of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 mRNA by LPS but not by M-CSF. Conditioned medium from macrophage cultures treated with purified L929 or human rM-CSF in combination with LPS exhibited a significant reduction of IL-1 bioactivity as compared with an LPS challenge alone. To investigate the mechanism involved in this M-CSF-dependent reduction of IL-1 bioactivity, we measured IL-1 alpha gene expression. The addition of M-CSF to LPS-treated macrophages did not affect IL-1 alpha mRNA levels suggesting that M-CSF may regulate production of an IL-1 inhibitor. This hypothesis was shown to be valid because removal of IL-1 alpha from conditioned medium of LPS plus M-CSF-treated cells allowed the detection of a nondialyzable factor that blocked IL-1-dependent thymocyte proliferation. The inhibitor appeared to be specific because it did not inhibit IL-2 and TNF bioactivities. Furthermore, this IL-1 inhibitor, which binds to cells and not to IL-1, competed with the binding of radioactive IL-1 alpha or beta to EL-4.6.1 cells. The results demonstrate that M-CSF alone does not induce proinflammatory mediators and PGE2 as was previously published. The data also suggest that M-CSF may play a role in the down-regulation of inflammatory responses.
İşyerinde Psikolojik Şiddet Ve Nedenleri (2007)

Bu çalışmada işyerinde psikolojik şiddet nedenleri ile birlikte, kavramsal ve kuramsal çerçevede incelenmektedir.Günümüz sosyo-ekonomik koşullarında psikolojik şiddet işyerlerinde artan sıklıkla görülmektedir ve çalışanı geleneksel iş sağlığı ve iş
An ultra fast electron beam x-ray tomography scanner (2008)

This paper introduces the design of an ultra fast x-ray tomography scanner based on electron beam technology. The scanner has been developed for two-phase flow studies where frame rates of 1 kHz and higher are required. Its functional principle is similar to that of the electron beam x-ray CT scanners used in cardiac imaging. Thus, the scanner comprises an electron beam generator with a fast beam deflection unit, a semicircular x-ray production target made of tungsten alloy and a circular x-ray detector consisting of 240 CZT elements with 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm size each. The design is optimized with respect to ultra fast imaging of smaller flow vessels, such as pipes or laboratory-scale chemical reactors. In that way, the scanner is capable of scanning flow cross-sections at a speed of a few thousand frames per second which is sufficient to capture flows of a few meters per second velocity.
The coherent EUV scatterometry microscope for actinic mask inspection and metrology (2011)

For actinic mask inspection and metrology, we have developed a coherent EUV scatterometry microscope (CSM) at NewSUBARU of a synchrotron radiation facility. The CSM is composed of φ5-mm pinhole, turning and focusing multilayer mirrors, a test EUV mask and a back-illuminated CCD camera. Thus this system is lens-less system, records diffraction EUV light from a mask pattern, which is exposed with coherent EUV light. The CSM inspects defect on the EUV mask by the coherent-diffraction-imaging method. Aerial images of periodic and aperiodic patterns on the EUV mask were well reconstructed by the iterative calculation. Since the CSM data include only the diffraction intensity, the missing phase information is reconstructed. A defect with 10-nm width was well inspected. The CSM also evaluates critical dimension (CD) of the mask patterns by diffraction intensities. The mask is illuminated with six-degree angle of the incidence, which equals to the EUV lithography scanners. The test EUV mask of 6025 glass substrate has line-and-space (L/S) patterns of 22-nm nodes. Absorber thickness is about 70 nm. The CSM result is well corresponding with the CD-SEM result at whole mask area. And, high repeatability of 0.3 nm (3φ) is achieved.
[Seminal plasma cytokines in nonbacterial prostatitis: changes following sparfloxacin treatment]. (1995)

The detection of various cytokines; interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), was studied in patients with nonbacterial prostatitis (NBP), and the clinical efficacy of sparfloxacin was also reported. The seminal plasma of 11 normal men and 10 patients with NBP were examined for the cytokines. There was no IL-1 beta or IL-6 in the seminal plasma of normal men. TNF-alpha was detected in only one normal man. In the seminal plasma of the patients, IL-1 beta was detected in 2 out of 10, and IL-6 was also detected in 6. TNF-alpha was detected in 6 out of 10 patients with NBP. The rate of detection of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was significantly higher in the patients with NBP than in normal men. The average levels (range) of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were 28 pg/ml (27-29), 110 pg/ml (25-476) and 25 pg/ml (6-113), respectively. After treatment with sparfloxacin at a dose of 100 mg to 200 mg per day, their symptoms disappeared. The number of leukocytes in the seminal plasma decreased to the normal level and these cytokines were not detected. The favorable clinical effect was achieved in 13 of the 17 patients (76%). These findings suggested that the cytokines have an important role in the pathogenesis of prostatitis and that the level of the cytokines are useful indicators in patients with prostatitis, particularly with NBP.
Host Range of Rhizomonas suberifaciens, the Causal Agent of Corky Root of Lettuce (1990)

(...) R.s. induced corky root symptoms on endive, common sowthistle, and prickly lettuce of the Compositae but not on safflower and sunflower. The pathogen was reisolated from each of the susceptible hosts, and the reisolated strains were similar to the original strain in affinity to polyclonal antibodies and pathogenicity on lettuce. Inoculation of species of the Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Solanaceae, and Umbelifferae with R.s. did not result in visible symptoms, except for a hybrid carrot cultivar that reacted with root proliferation and orange-brown discoloration of feeder roots
Classifying digestive organs in wireless capsule endoscopy images based on deep convolutional neural network (2015)

This paper studies the classification problem of the digestive organs in wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) images based on deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) framework. Essentially, DCNN proves having powerful ability to learn layer-wise hierarchy models with huge training data, which works similar to human biological visual systems. Classifying digestive organs in WCE images intuitively means to recognize higher semantic image features. To achieve this, an effective deep CNN-based WCE classification system has been constructed (DCNN-WCE-CS). With about 1 million real WCE images, intensive experiments are conducted to evaluate its performance by setting different network parameters. Results illustrate its superior performance compared to traditional classification methods, where about 95% classification accuracy can be achieved in average. Moreover, it is observed that the DCNN-WCE-CS is robust to the large variations of the WCE images due to the individuals and complex digestive tract circumstance, including the rotation, the luminance change of the WCE images.
Ricin A-Chain Substrate Specificity in RNA, DNA, and Hybrid Stem−Loop Structures (2004)

Ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) is the catalytic subunit of ricin, a heterodimeric toxin from castor beans. Its ribosomal inactivating activity arises from depurination of a single adenine from position A(4324) in a GAGA tetraloop from 28S ribosomal RNA. Minimal substrate requirements are the GAGA tetraloop and stem of two or more base pairs. Depurination activity also occurs on stem-loop DNA with the same sequence, but with the k(cat) reduced 200-fold. Systematic variation of RNA 5'-G(1)C(2)G(3)C(4)[G(5)A(6)G(7)A(8)]G(9)C(10)G(11)C(12)-3' 12mers via replacement of each nucleotide in the tetraloop with a deoxynucleotide showed a 16-fold increase in k(cat) for A(6) --> dA(6) but reduced k(cat) up to 300-fold for the other sites. Methylation of individual 2'-hydroxyls in a similar experiment reduced k(cat) by as much as 3 x 10(-3)-fold. In stem-loop DNA, replacement of d[G(5)A(6)G(7)A(8)] with individual ribonucleotides resulted in small kinetic changes, except for the dA(6) --> A(6) replacement for which k(cat) decreased 6-fold. Insertion of d[G(5)A(6)G(7)A(8)] into an RNA stem-loop or G(5)A(6)G(7)A(8) into a DNA stem-loop reduced k(cat) by 30- and 5-fold, respectively. Multiple substitutions of deoxyribonucleotides into RNA stem-loops in one case (dG(5),dG(7)) decreased k(cat)/K(m) by 10(5)-fold, while a second change (dG(5),dA(8)) decreased k(cat) by 100-fold. Mapping these interactions on the structure of GAGA stem-loop RNA suggests that all the loop 2'-hydroxyl groups play a significant role in the action of ricin A-chain. Improved binding of RNA-DNA stem-loop hybrids provides a scaffold for inhibitor design. Replacing the adenosine of the RTA depurination site with deoxyadenosine in a small RNA stem-loop increased k(cat) 20-fold to 1660 min(-1), a value similar to RTA's k(cat) on intact ribosomes.
Cyt1Aa Protein of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Is Toxic to the Cottonwood Leaf Beetle, <i>Chrysomela scripta</i> , and Suppresses High Levels of Resistance to Cry3Aa (1998)

The insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis is due primarily to Cry and Cyt proteins. Cry proteins are typically toxic to lepidopterous, coleopterous, or dipterous insects, whereas the known toxicity of Cyt proteins is limited to dipterans. We report here that a Cyt protein, Cyt1Aa, is also highly toxic to the cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta, with a median lethal concentration of 2.5 ng/mm2 of leaf surface for second-instar larvae. Additionally, we show that Cyt1Aa suppresses resistance to Cry3Aa greater than 5, 000-fold in C. scripta, a level only partially overcome by Cry1Ba due to cross-resistance. Studies of the histopathology of C. scripta larvae treated with Cyt1Aa revealed disruption and sloughing of midgut epithelial cells, indicating that its mechanism of action against C. scripta is similar to that observed in mosquito and blackfly larvae. These novel properties suggest that Cyt proteins may have an even broader spectrum of activity against insects and, owing to their different mechanism of action in comparison to Cry proteins, might be useful in managing resistance to Cry3 and possibly other Cry toxins used in microbial insecticides and transgenic plants.
Ritual in Tippett's King Priam (1991)

The 20th century composer Michael Tippett was influenced by the works of his contemporaries such as W.B. Yeats and T.S. Eliot, particularly their writings on ancient mythology and rituals. The effect of Tippett's discoveries in theology and ritualism is particularly strong in his 1958 opera 'King Priam'. Tippett's mythological perspective on humanity imbues some scenes of 'King Priam' with a ritualistic significance.
<i>AgfD</i>, the checkpoint of multicellular and aggregative behaviour in <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> regulates at least two independent pathways (2000)

The regulatory programme of multicellular behaviour in Salmonella typhimurium is determined by mutations in the agfD promoter. AgfD has already been identified to regulate the extracellular matrix associated with the multicellular morphotype composed of thin aggregative fimbriae (agf). To detect additional components contributing to the multicellular morphotype in S. typhimurium, we constructed a mutant in agfD, the positive transcriptional regulator of the agfBA(C) operon encoding for fimbrial subunit proteins. The agfD mutant lacked any form of multicellular behaviour as shown by analysis at the macroscopic and microscopic level. In contrast, the agfBA mutant unable to form thin aggregative fimbriae still maintained long-range intercellular adhesion. Promoter and expression analysis revealed that the genes downstream of agfD agfEFG most likely did not contribute to the remaining aggregative behaviour. Screening of transcriptional fusions for agfD dependency uncovered adrA, a homologue of yaiC in Escherichia coli. Environmental factors regulating adrA correspond to the regulation of thin aggregative fimbriae. AdrA is a putative transmembrane protein with a C-terminal GGDEF domain of unknown function although it is present in over 50 bacterial proteins. AdrA mutant cells, which still formed thin aggregative fimbriae with all binding characteristics, exhibited community behaviour but, unlike the wild type, lacked long-range intercellular adhesion. An agfBA adrA double mutant behaved like the agfD mutant. Therefore, it was concluded that agfD regulates at least two independent pathways contributing to the multicellular morphotype in S. typhimurium.
Spectroscopic Investigations of Polyamido Amine Starburst Dendrimers with Reichardt's ET-30 Dye (2000)

The association between Reichardt's ET-30 dye and amine- and carboxylate-terminated polyamido amine (PAMAM) dendrimers was investigated and shown to be different from results reported for micelles and traditional polymers. The absorption spectra illustrated that the solvatochromic, microenvironmental polarity probe associated with PAMAM dendrimers in less polar regions with a polarity comparable to 1-decanol. Model compounds that mimic PAMAMs' surface groups and branching moieties were used to better define the associated dye's location and demonstrated that ET-30 penetrated beyond the dendrimer's surface groups, into the interfacial region. Additionally, changing sample preparation methods controlled the nature and extent of the dye/dendrimer association. Under certain experimental conditions, the dye/dendrimer complexes formed large aggregates.
Characterization of a Genomic Locus Required for Synthesis of the Antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol by the Biological Control Agent<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>Q2-87 (1996)

The antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) is an important factor in the biological control by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. of many soilborne diseases including take-all disease of wheat. A 6.5-kb genomic DNA fragment from Pseudomonas fluorescens Q2-87 conferred production of Phl and of a red pigment distinct from Phl, but which typically is present when Phl is produced, upon all of 13 Phl-nonproducing recipient Pseudomonas strains into which it was introduced. Larger fragments that included flanking DNA sequences did not transfer this capability, suggesting that they contain negative regulatory element(s). Analysis of the 6.5-kb fragment by Tn3HoHo1 mutagenesis further localized the sequences required for Phl production to a segment of approximately 5 kb and revealed the presence of at least two divergently oriented transcriptional units. Insertions within the smaller unit or within about 3 kb of the 5' end of the larger unit caused loss of production of both Phl and the red pigment. Other insertions within the distal 1.5 kb of the larger transcriptional unit abolished production of only the red pigment. Pleiotropic changes in secondary metabolism or colony morphology were not observed in Pseudomonas strains containing the 6.5-kb fragment, although some Phl-producing derivatives grew more slowly and gave rise to smaller colonies than did the wild-type parental strains. The size of the genomic region involved in Phl production, and the consistency and specificity with which these sequences transferred Phl biosynthetic capability, support the conclusion that the 6.5-kb fragment contains the Phl biosynthetic locus.
Synthesis and characterization of a film‐forming, crosslinked, amphiphilic block copolymer of butadiene and acrylamide (2006)

Abstract An amphiphilic block copolymer of acrylamide and butadiene was synthesized by the polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of the crosslinker N,N ′‐methylene bisacrylamide initiated by a hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene/V(V) macroredox initiator. The product had good film‐forming ability. It was characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, viscosity, swelling, and microhardness measurements, scanning electron micrography, and differential scanning calorimetry. A good film was obtained from the block copolymer with a greater proportion of butadiene; it had greater permeability for nonpolar solvents, and it was poorly permeable to water and other polar solvents. The film swelled in polar and nonpolar solvents and had almost the same capacity for the loading and release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic dyes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3290–3303, 2006