gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Humoral Immune Response to HCV: Understanding is Key to Vaccine Development (2014)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a global problem, despite advances in treatment. The low cost and high benefit of vaccines have made them the backbone of modern public health strategies, and the fight against HCV will not be won without an effective vaccine. Achievement of this goal will benefit from a robust understanding of virus-host interactions and protective immunity in HCV infection. In this review, we summarize recent findings on HCV-specific antibody responses associated with chronic and spontaneously resolving human infection. In addition, we discuss specific epitopes within HCV's envelope glycoproteins that are targeted by neutralizing antibodies. Understanding what prompts or prevents a successful immune response leading to viral clearance or persistence is essential to designing a successful vaccine.
Investigation of the connection between the electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of microorganisms and their capability of metal uptake (1990)

Abstract The electrophoretic mobility of microorganisms (EPM) as a measure of their electric surface charge was determined as a function of different milieu conditions with the aid of the “Parmoquant 2” cell electrophoresis apparatus manufactured by CARL ZEISS Jena. The object of these researches was to examine the influence of the electric surface charge of microorganisms on their metal loading capacity. The results show a direct correlation between the electric surface charge or the EPM of microorganisms and their maximum metal loading capacity. Cells with a high negative surface also posses a high metal binding capacity. On the other side only a negligible metal uptake can be observed at the isoelectric point of the microorganisms (EPM = 0). The method of cell electrophoresis proved suitable to analyze complex interactions between microorganisms and heavy metal ions.
Congenital renal dysplasia and psychogenic polydipsia in a Bernese mountain dog. (1999)

Congenital renal dysplasia was tentatively diagnosed, based on ultrasound and an intravenous urogram, in a 5-month-old female with polyuria and polydipsia. Creatinine clearance measurement revealed that the renal dysplasia was not the cause of the polyuria. A modified water deprivation test eliminated other differential diagnoses and confirmed psychogenic polydipsia.
3′- <i>O</i> -modified nucleotides as reversible terminators for pyrosequencing (2007)

Pyrosequencing is a method used to sequence DNA by detecting the pyrophosphate (PPi) group that is generated when a nucleotide is incorporated into the growing DNA strand in polymerase reaction. However, this method has an inherent difficulty in accurately deciphering the homopolymeric regions of the DNA templates. We report here the development of a method to solve this problem by using nucleotide reversible terminators. These nucleotide analogues are modified with a reversible chemical moiety capping the 3'-OH group to temporarily terminate the polymerase reaction. In this way, only one nucleotide is incorporated into the growing DNA strand even in homopolymeric regions. After detection of the PPi for sequence determination, the 3'-OH of the primer extension products is regenerated through different deprotection methods. Using an allyl or a 2-nitrobenzyl group as the reversible moiety to cap the 3'-OH of the four nucleotides, we have synthesized two sets of 3'-O-modified nucleotides, 3'-O-allyl-dNTPs and 3'-O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-dNTPs as reversible terminators for pyrosequencing. The capping moiety on the 3'-OH of the DNA extension product is efficiently removed after PPi detection by either a chemical method or photolysis. To sequence DNA, templates containing homopolymeric regions are immobilized on Sepharose beads, and then extension-signal detection-deprotection cycles are conducted by using the nucleotide reversible terminators on the DNA beads to unambiguously decipher the sequence of DNA templates. Our results establish that this reversible-terminator-pyrosequencing approach can be potentially developed into a powerful methodology to accurately determine DNA sequences.
Fault-tolerant clock synchronization validation methodology (1987)

A validation method for the synchronization subsystem of a fault-tolerant computer system is presented. The high reliability requirement of flight-crucial systems precludes the use of most traditional validation methods. The method presented utilizes formal design proof to uncover design and coding errors and experimentation to validate the assumptions of the design proof. The experimental method is described and illustrated by validating the clock synchronization system of the Software Implemented Fault Tolerance computer. The design proof of the algorithm includes a theorem that defines the maximum skew between any two nonfaulty clocks in the system in terms of specific system parameters. Most of these parameters are deterministic. One crucial parameter is the upper bound on the clock read error, which is stochastic. The probability that this upper bound is exceeded is calculated from data obtained by the measurement of system parameters. This probability is then included in a detailed reliability analysis of the system.
A Low Quiescent Current and Reset Time Adjustable Power-on Reset Circuit (2006)

Based on the power-up/power-down control, the paper describes a low quiescent current and reset time adjustable power-on reset (POR) circuit, which is integrated in a regulator. Compared with the conventional RC reset circuit, it can provide more accurate reset pulse at slow power up and twinkling power down. And when the chip works properly, parts of the power-on reset circuit are shut down, then the quiescent current of the POR is reduced by 12/spl mu/A. In addition, the power-on reset time can be adjusted based on different applications.
Triangulating topological spaces (1994)

Given a subspace 𝒳 ⊆ Rd and a finite set S⊆Rd, we introduce the Delaunay simplicial complex, D𝒳, restricted by 𝒳. Its simplices are spanned by subsets T⊆S for which the common intersection of Voronoi cells meets 𝒳 in a non-empty set. By the nerve theorem,⋃D𝒳 and 𝒳 are homotopy equivalent if all such sets are contractible. This paper shows that ⋃D𝒳 and 𝒳 are homeomorphic if the sets can be further subdivided in a certain way so they form a regular CW complex.
Biphasic ventilatory response of adult cats to sustained hypoxia has central origin (1987)

Hypoxia stimulates ventilation, but when it is sustained, a decrease in the response is often seen. The mechanism of this depression or "roll off" is unclear. In this study we attempted to localize the responsible mechanism at one of three possible sites: the carotid bodies, the central nervous system (CNS), or the ventilatory apparatus. The ventilatory response to sustained hypoxia (PETO2, 40-50 Torr) was tested in 5 awake and 14 anesthetized adult cats. The roll off was found in both anesthetized and awake cats. Isocapnic hypoxia initially increased ventilation as well as phrenic and carotid sinus nerve activity in anesthetized cats (288 +/- 31, 269 +/- 31, 273 +/- 29% of control value, respectively). During the roll off, ventilation and phrenic nerve activity decreased similarly (to 230 +/- 26 and 222 +/- 28%, respectively after the roll off), but in contrast carotid sinus nerve activity remained unchanged (270 +/- 26%). Thus the ventilatory roll off was reflected in phrenic but not in carotid sinus nerve activity. We conclude that the cat represents a useful animal model of the roll off phenomenon and that the mechanism responsible for the secondary decrease in ventilation lays within the CNS.
New method for preparing alkyl (amino-s-triazinyl) phosphonates (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew method for preparing alkyl (amino-s-triazinyl) phosphonatesJerry P. Moreau and Leon H. ChanceCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1970, 15, 4, 581–583Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60047a009https://doi.org/10.1021/je60047a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thrombin induced secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its effect on nuclear signaling in endothelium (2008)

The procoagulant thrombin stimulates endothelial cells (EC) to undergo rapid cytoskeleton changes via signaling pathways that induce multiple phenotypic changes, including alterations in permeability, vasomotor tone, adhesion molecule synthesis, and leukocyte trafficking. We studied a novel role of thrombin's action on the endothelium that results in MIF secretion, which is linked to myosin light chain (MLC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK(1/2))-dependent nuclear signaling. In bovine pulmonary artery EC (BPAEC), thrombin treatment induced intracellular MLC phosphorylation within 15 min, followed by a significant increase in MIF secretion within 30 min. Thrombin treatment induced biphasic ERK(1/2) phosphorylation with an early phase occurring at 15 min and a later phase at 120 min. To understand the role of MIF secretion in thrombin-induced biphasic activation of ERK(1/2), BPAE cells were treated with (i) recombinant MIF, and (ii) the medium collected from thrombin-treated BPAE cells. These studies demonstrated a sustained monophasic ERK(1/2) phosphorylation. Inhibition of MIF secretion by MIF siRNA or antisense-MIF treatment, along with a neutralizing antibody, attenuated the thrombin-induced second phase ERK phosphorylation, suggesting a direct involvement of MIF in the second phase of ERK(1/2) activation. Pretreatment of BPAE cells with an ERK kinase inhibitor and with antisense-MIF significantly inhibited thrombin-induced nuclear factor kappa (NF-kappaB) activation. These results indicate that MIF secretion and ERK phosphorylation both play a necessary role in thrombin induced NF-kappaB activation.
Matched Design Method for Concatenated Trellis-Coded Modulation (1996)

A new design method,which is referred to as the matched design method, for concatenated trelliscoded modulation(TCM) is presented. Most of the conventional concatenated TCM employs TCM designed by maximizing the minimum squared Euclidean free distance,d 2 free . With the matched design method, we maximize d 2 1 (t) instead of d 2 free , where d 2 1 (t) is the effective minimum squared Euclidean distance (MSED) when the outer code has a t-error correcting capability. The effective MSED is derived from the Euclidean/Hamming(E/H) jointweight distribution of terminated TCM. The new classes of 2-dimensional(2D) codes are found by a computer search. Under the performance measures of the effective MSED or the effective multiplicity, these codes are superior to the conventional codes such as the Ungerboeck&apos;s codes when those are used as an inner code. 1 Introduction The discovery of the trellis-coded modulation (TCM) by Ungerboeck [1][2][3] opened up a new field in coding theory. TCM...
Recent Conventions for the Regulation of War (1932)

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Families get new chance for social security benefits (1991)

Federal officials in July plan to notify nearly 500,000 families whose children may be eligible for disability benefits under new Social Security Administration (SSA) guidelines. Those families were denied Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits based on guidelines the U.S. Supreme Court in February 1990 declared arbitrary and capricious. The Sullivan v. Zebley decision ordered SSA to change the rules, conduct new evaluations and notify families whose claims had been denied between Jan. 1, 1980 and Feb. 27, 1990.
<title>Biosensor studies of collagen and laminin binding with immobilized Escherichia coli O157:H7 and inhibition with naturally occurring food additives</title> (1999)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks were mostly due to consumption of undercooked contaminated beef which resulted in severe illness and several fatalities. Recalls of contaminated meat are costly for the meat industry. Our research attempts to understand the mechanisms of bacterial adhesion on animal carcass in order to eliminate or reduce pathogens in foods. We have reported the interactions of immobilized E. coli O157:H7 cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) components using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor (BIAcore). These studies showed that immobilized bacterial cells allowed the study of real-time binding interactions of bacterial surface with the ECM compounds, collagen I, laminin and fibronectin. Collagen I and laminin bound to the E. coli sensor surface with dissociation and association rates ranging from 10<SUP>6</SUP> to 10<SUP>9</SUP>. Binding of collagen I and laminin mixture resulted in synergistic binding signals. An inhibition model was derived using collagen-laminin as the ligand which binds with E. coli sensor. A select group of naturally occurring food additives was evaluated by determining their effectivity in inhibiting the collagen-laminin binding to the bacterial sensor. Bound collagen-laminin was detached from the E. coli sensor surface with the aid of an organic acid. The biosensor results were verified with cell aggregation assays which were observed with optical and electron microscopes. These biosensor studies provided understanding of bacterial adhesion to connective tissue macromolecules. It also provided a model system for the rapid assessment of potential inhibitors that can be used in carcass treatment to inhibit or reduce bacterial contamination.
Four Decades of Organic Chemistry of closo-Boranes: A Synthetic Toolbox for Constructing Liquid Crystal Materials. A Review (1999)

Introduction and transformations of organic functional groups to ten- and twelve-vertex closo -boranes and heteroboranes is reviewed in the context of preparation of liquid crystalline compounds. The review, containing 198 references, is designed as a synthetic manual for materials chemists and focuses on methods for engineering molecules with elongated shapes and variable dipole moments. Several underdeveloped aspects of closo -borane chemistry are identified.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Inflammation: Dpp-4 Inhibitors Improve Mean Pleatelet Volume and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase Level (2019)

AIM: The purpose of this research was to determine the changes of the inflammatory parameters in the long term with the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Material and Methods: In this research we have retrospectively reviewed the records of 80 patients who had added dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (40 sitagliptin and 40 vildagliptin) to their ongoing therapies. Patients’ values of inflammation at the beginning of this process were taken as initial values, while values at the end of this process were considered as final values. Results: A total of 80 patients [38.8% (n = 31) of the patients were male, while 61.3% (n = 49) were female] enrolled in the study. When the whole group was evaluated, the mean age was 56.1 ± 9.7 years. The median follow-up time of the patients with DPP-4 inhibitors was 18 (2 - 64) months. The mean MPV value was measured as 8.79 ± 1.71 fL before DPP-4 inhibitors and it was 10.06 ± 1.42 fL after the follow-up period (p < 0.001). The median value serum GGT was 30.5 (13 - 194) U/L before DPP-4 inhibitor and 29.5 (12 - 112) U/L at the end (p = 0.048). The mean uric acid level before the use of di-peptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was 4.7 ± 1.6 mg/dL, and this level was 5.0 ± 1.5 mg/dL after the follow-up period (p = 0.048). Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that MPV and GGT levels were improved by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in long-term.
Engineering of a functional bone organ through endochondral ossification (2013)

Embryonic development, lengthening, and repair of most bones proceed by endochondral ossification, namely through formation of a cartilage intermediate. It was previously demonstrated that adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) can execute an endochondral program and ectopically generate mature bone. Here we hypothesized that hMSCs pushed through endochondral ossification can engineer a scaled-up ossicle with features of a "bone organ," including physiologically remodeled bone, mature vasculature, and a fully functional hematopoietic compartment. Engineered hypertrophic cartilage required IL-1β to be efficiently remodeled into bone and bone marrow upon subcutaneous implantation. This model allowed distinguishing, by analogy with bone development and repair, an outer, cortical-like perichondral bone, generated mainly by host cells and laid over a premineralized area, and an inner, trabecular-like, endochondral bone, generated mainly by the human cells and formed over the cartilaginous template. Hypertrophic cartilage remodeling was paralleled by ingrowth of blood vessels, displaying sinusoid-like structures and stabilized by pericytic cells. Marrow cavities of the ossicles contained phenotypically defined hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells at similar frequencies as native bones, and marrow from ossicles reconstituted multilineage long-term hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice. This study, by invoking a "developmental engineering" paradigm, reports the generation by appropriately instructed hMSC of an ectopic "bone organ" with a size, structure, and functionality comparable to native bones. The work thus provides a model useful for fundamental and translational studies of bone morphogenesis and regeneration, as well as for the controlled manipulation of hematopoietic stem cell niches in physiology and pathology.
Sozialpolitik im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland (1998)

1933 gelangte die Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands mit Adolf Hitler an der Spitze an die Macht. Das war der Auftakt zur „braunen Revolution“220, die den Staat der Weimarer Republik zum Staat des Nationalsozialismus, zum NS-Staat, umformte. Die Verfassungsurkunde dieser Transformation ist die Verordnung des Reichspräsidenten zum Schutz von Volk und Staat vom 28.2. 1933221. Sie flankierte verfassungspolitisch den Weg zunächst in den „Doppelstaat“222, das Nebeneinander von „Normen-“ und „Maßnahmenstaat“223, und während den Jahres des Krieges in den sich weiter radikalisierenden, im Zeichen der „Verabsolutierung des Kampfes“224 stehenden ‚Bewegungsstaat’.
Automatic approaches for seismic to well tying (2014)

Abstract Tying the synthetic trace to the actual seismic trace at the well location is a labor-intensive task that relies on the interpreter’s experience and the similarity metric used. The traditional seismic to well tie suffers from subjectivity by visually matching major events and using global crosscorrelation to measure the quality of that tying. We compared two automatic techniques that will decrease the subjectivity in the entire process. First, we evaluated the dynamic time warping method, and then, we used the local similarity attribute based on regularized shaping filters. These two methods produced a guided stretching and squeezing process to find the best match between the two signals. We explored the proposed methods using real well log examples and compared to the manual method, showing promising results with both semiautomatic approaches.
Asymmetric Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Substituted α-Aminobenzlactam via Crystallization-Induced Asymmetric Transformation of Covalent Diastereomer (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteAsymmetric Synthesis of N-Substituted α-Aminobenzlactam via Crystallization-Induced Asymmetric Transformation of Covalent DiastereomerWen-Chung Shieh, John A. Carlson, and Giedre M. ZauniusView Author Information Chemical & Analytical Development, Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Summit, New Jersey 07901 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 23, 8271–8272Publication Date (Web):November 14, 1997Publication History Received11 June 1997Published online14 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971056nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971056nbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Enantioselective synthesis,Minerals,Mixtures,Molecular structure,Solvents Get e-Alerts
[Sequencing of inhA in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates]. (2001)

These results suggested that binding sites decrease caused by inhA point mutations be associated with M. tuberculosis' resistance to INH and EMB.
A Protection-Deprotection Method for the Synthesis of Substituted Benzoyloxybenzoates (1986)

Abstract Common syntheses of phenyl benzoyloxybenzoates generally produce products in low yields. A variety of synthetic pathways were employed in an attempt to increase the overall yield of the final product. It was found that catalytic agents such as boron trifluoride-etherate (BF3 Et2O), 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and 4-N, N-di-methylaminopyridine (DMAP) were relatively ineffective in these processes. However. protection of the hydroxy moiety of an appropriately substituted benzoic acid with methyl chloroformate, followed by esterification under normal conditions, and deprotection with ammonia in ethanol produces the hydroxy-benzoyloxybenzoate intermediate. This material can be used in further esterifications to produce phenyl benzoyloxybenzoate compounds in good yield. Materials such as the triply reentrant compound 4-n-nonyloxyphenyl 4-nitrobenzoyloxybenzoate (DB9ONO2) can be prepared by this method.