gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Multibody Divide and Conquer Algorithm and Implementation (2009)

A new and efficient form of Featherstone’s multibody divide and conquer algorithm (DCA) is presented and evaluated. The DCA was the first algorithm to achieve theoretically the optimal logarithmic time complexity with a theoretical minimum of parallel computer resources for general problems of multibody dynamics; however, the DCA is extremely inefficient in the presence of small to modest parallel computers. This alternative efficient DCA (DCAe) approach demonstrates that large DCA subsystems can be constructed using fast sequential techniques to realize a substantial increase in speed. The usefulness of the DCAe is directly demonstrated in an application to a four processor workstation and compared with the results from the original DCA and a fast sequential recursive method. Previously the DCA was a tool intended for a future generation of parallel computers; this enhanced version delivers practical and competitive performance with the parallel computers of today.
Effective treatment of experimental lupus nephritis by combined administration of anti-CD11a and anti-CD54 antibodies (1997)

Mice with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), induced by injection of DBA/2 lymphocytes in (C57BL10*DBA/2) F1 hybrids, develop a syndrome resembling systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with immune complex glomerulonephritis. In this model we evaluated the role of interactions between CD11a (LFA-1alpha) and CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)) molecules on leucocytes in the development of renal disease in systemic autoimmunity. Two weeks after induction of GVHD, when anti-nuclear autoantibodies were detected in the circulation and immune complexes had formed in the glomeruli, mice were injected twice per week with rat anti-CD11a and anti-CD54 MoAbs, or with their vehicle PBS, or with control rat IgG. MoAb treatment significantly lowered albuminuria and increased survival compared with control mice with GVHD. In the glomeruli of MoAb-treated mice there was markedly less binding of immunoglobulin and C3, while anti-renal tubular epithelium autoantibodies, but not anti-glomerular basement membrane autoantibodies, were significantly lowered in the circulation 4 weeks after disease induction. In addition, MoAb treatment inhibited the glomerular influx of CD11a+ cells and decreased development of histological abnormalities in the kidneys. Both rat IgG- and MoAb-treated mice developed anti-rat immunoglobulin antibodies. Furthermore, a marked splenomegaly with an increase of the T cell compartment was observed in MoAb-treated mice with GVHD. These results show that CD11a/CD54 interactions are crucial for the full-blown development of lupus nephritis in this model. Treatment aimed at blocking the activity of these molecules profoundly attenuated the development of renal disease in chronic GVHD even if started when first symptoms of SLE (i.e. anti-nuclear autoantibodies in sera and glomerular binding of immunoglobulins) were already detectable.
A multiagent framework for automated online bargaining (2001)

Automated online bargaining is currently limited by fixed price-issuing capabilities. The authors propose a multi-agent framework for automated bargaining that uses pattern matching and a dynamic price-issuing agent to better serve customers and the seller's bottom line.
A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer: Spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity and its role in the dispersion process (1986)

The spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity at the site of a long‐term tracer test performed in the Borden aquifer was examined in great detail by conducting permeability measurements on a series of cores taken along two cross sections, one along and the other transverse to the mean flow direction. Along the two cross sections, a regular‐spaced grid of hydraulic conductivity data with 0.05 m vertical and 1.0 m horizontal spatial discretization revealed that the aquifer is comprised of numerous thin, discontinuous lenses of contrasting hydraulic conductivity. Estimation of the three‐dimensional covariance structure of the aquifer from the log‐transformed data indicates that an exponential covariance model with a variance equal to 0.29, an isotropic horizontal correlation length equal to about 2.8 m, and a vertical correlation length equal to 0.12 m is representative. A value for the longitudinal macrodispersivity calculated from these statistical parameters using three‐dimensional stochastic transport theory developed by L. W. Gelhar and C. L. Axness (1983) is about 0.6 m. For the vertically averaged case, the two‐dimensional theory developed by G. Dagan (1982, 1984) yields a longitudinal djspersivity equal to 0.45 m. Use of the estimated statistical parameters describing the ln ( K ) variability in Dagan's transient equations closely predicted the observed longitudinal and horizontal transverse spread of the tracer with time. Weak vertical and horizontal dispersion that is controlled essentially by local‐scale dispersion was obtained from the analysis. Because the dispersion predicted independently from the statistical description of the Borden aquifer is consistent with the spread of the injected tracer, it is felt that the theory holds promise for providing meaningful estimates of effective transport parameters in other complex‐structured aquifers.
Fabrication of long lengths of low-loss IR transmitting As/sub 40/S/sub (60-x)/Se/sub x/ glass fibers (1996)

Teflon clad and As/sub 40/S/sub 60/ glass clad As/sub 40/S/sub 55/Se/sub 5/ fibers transmitting in the 1-6 /spl mu/m wavelength region have been fabricated in lengths of about 50 m and with minimum losses of 0.098 and 0.65 dB/m, respectively. Short lengths of the Teflon clad fiber possessed a minimum loss of 0.047 dB/m. While current fiber losses are dominated by extrinsic scattering and absorption, the calculated theoretical minimum loss is estimated to be 3.6 dB/km at 5.3 /spl mu/m and is limited by the contribution from the weak absorption tail. Improvements in the purification and processing of the glasses into the optical fibers are required to reduce the losses further.
Comparative in vitro studies of the potentiation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, TNF-beta, and TNF-SAM2 cytotoxicity by hyperthermia. (1992)

Hyperthermia can strikingly enhance tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Other forms of TNF may have tumor therapeutic applications and their interaction with hyperthermia should also be assessed. We have compared the effect of heat on the in vitro cytotoxic response of murine L929 and EMT-6 and human T24 tumor cells to three TNF forms; recombinant human TNF-alpha, TNF-beta (lymphotoxin), and TNF-SAM2. A neutral red assay was used to measure toxicity at 18-20 h after initiating the heat treatment. TNF treatment preceded heating by 0-4 h or followed it by 2 h. Heating was done at 39 or 40.5 degrees C for 24 h, 40.5 or 42 degrees C for 1 h, or 43 degrees C for 1-1.5 h. We found that both TNF-beta and TNF-SAM2 toxicities, like that of TNF-alpha, were markedly enhanced by hyperthermia. Neither EMT-6 nor T24 cells responded consistently to any of these TNFs at heat doses up to 1 h at 43 degrees C, but an increment of only 15 min more at 43 degrees C sensitized EMT-6 cells and 1.5 h at 43 degrees C resulted in extensive EMT-6 cell killing. The T24 cells remained resistant except for variable responses at the highest TNF and heat doses. If TNF treatment was begun immediately before or 2 h after beginning to heat the EMT-6 cells, sensitization was reduced or eliminated, respectively, for all three TNF forms relative to protocols in which TNF was added 1, 2, or 4 h before heating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A New Analysis of the pi+pi- and pi0pi0 Data (2002)

A joint analysis of the pi+pi- and pi0pi0 S-wave amplitudes including results of three experiments has been performed. Using our theoretical model of the pion-pion production in which not only the pion exchange but also the a1(1260) meson exchange were taken into account we have obtained a unique solution (called "down-flat") for the scalar-isoscalar phase shifts. Thus a long-standing problem of ambiguities in the S-wave isoscalar amplitude has been finally resolved and the second ("up-flat") solution was eliminated.
Products of Sphingolipid Catabolism Block Activation of the p21-Activated Protein Kinases in Neutrophils (1998)

Neutrophils stimulated with the chemoattractant FMLP are known to exhibit a rapid and transient activation of two p21-activated protein kinases (Paks) with molecular masses of approximately 63 and 69 kDa. Paks can be detected by their ability to undergo renaturation and catalyze the phosphorylation of a peptide substrate that corresponds to amino acid residues 297 to 331 of the 47-kDa subunit of the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase complex (p47-phox) fixed within a gel. In this study, we demonstrate that N-acetylsphingosine (C2-ceramide) and a variety of sphingoid bases (e.g., D-erythrosphingosine) block activation of the 63- and 69-kDa Paks in neutrophils. The concentrations of these lipids that were effective in blocking Pak activation were similar to those that inhibit a variety of neutrophil responses. Activation of the 63- and 69-kDa Paks was also markedly reduced in neutrophils treated with sphingomyelinase before stimulation. Moreover, we report that addition of C2-ceramide or D-erythrosphingosine to neutrophils after stimulation with FMLP markedly enhances the rate of Pak inactivation. These effects were not mimicked by arachidonate, which is a potent disorganizing agent of neutrophil membranes. These data support and extend the proposal that sphingoid bases may establish a set point in neutrophils for positive stimuli.
Modeling Dose-Response Relationships in Biological Control: Partitioning Host Responses to the Pathogen and Biocontrol Agent (1997)

ABSTRACT Breeding plants to improve the effectiveness of biocontrol agents is a promising approach to enhance disease suppression by microorganisms. Differences in biocontrol efficacy among cultivars suggest there is genetic variation for this trait within crop germplasm. The ability to quantify host differences in support of biological control is influenced by variation in host response to the pathogen and the dose of pathogen and biocontrol agent applied to the host. To assess the contribution of each of these factors to successful biocontrol interactions, we measured disease over a range of pathogen (Pythium) and biocontrol agent (Bacillus cereus UW85) inoculum doses. We fit dose-response models to these data and used model parameter estimates to quantify host differences in response to the pathogen and biocontrol agent. We first inoculated eight plant species separately with three species of Pythium and evaluated three dose-response models for their ability to describe the disease response to pathogen inoculum level. All three models fit well to at least some of the host-pathogen combinations; the hyperbolic saturation model provided the best overall fit. To quantify the host contribution to biological control, we next evaluated these models with data from a tomato assay, using six inbred tomato lines, P. torulosum, and UW85. The lowest dose of pathogen applied revealed the greatest differences in seedling mortality among the inbred lines, ranging from 40 to 80%. The negative exponential (NE) pathogen model gave the best fit to these pathogen data, and these differences corresponded to model parameter values, which quantify pathogen efficiency, of 0.023 and 0.091. At a high pathogen dose, we detected the greatest differences in biocontrol efficacy among the inbred lines, ranging from no effect to a 68% reduction in mortality. The NE pathogen model with a NE biocontrol component, the NE/NE biocontrol model, gave the best fit to these biocontrol data, and these reductions corresponded to model parameter values, which quantify biocontrol efficiency, of 0.00 and 0.038, respectively. There was no correlation between the host response to the pathogen and biocontrol agent for these inbred lines. This work demonstrates the utility of epidemiological modeling approaches for the study of biological control and lays the groundwork to employ manipulation of host genetics to improve biocontrol efficacy.
2-(<i>o</i>-Tolyloxy)benzoic acid (2011)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(14)H(12)O(3), mol-ecules are linked via inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in dimer formation. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 76.2 (2)°.
Design of a Horizontal Data Fragmentation, Allocation and Replication Method in the Cloud (2019)

At present, the demand for information in distributed database systems is large and growing day by day. While this is happening, new challenges arise to improve the performance of the databases. Data fragmentation and replication methods have a leading role in distributed systems over the cloud, which is why this paper presents the design of a horizontal fragmentation, allocation and replication method in the cloud. This research proposes an algorithm for solving the problem of overlapping horizontal fragments in a data fragmentation and replication method in the cloud. The design of a Web application using the aforementioned method is also presented, this allows the fragmentation, assignment and replication scheme proposed by the method to be directly applied on a distributed database.
Excimer Laser Microstructuring of Amorphous Silicon Films for Electron Field Emission Applications (2009)

The hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) Alms on molybdenum coated glass substrates were microstructured by irradiating the films using KrF excimer laser with a slope beam profile. By varying the laser processing parameters i.e., the laser pulse energy, the number of laser pulses and the laser energy distribution along the sample scan directions, the homogeneous, high density, and conical polycrystalline silicon features can be fabricated on the thin film surfaces. The electron field emission measurement results show that this kind of laser processed a- Si:H films possess good field emission characteristics with a low turn on electric field of less than 15 V/mum and a larger saturation emission current. The diode configured field emission display devices have been demonstrated by using the laser irradiated a- Si:H films as the electron cold cathode emitters.
Color Image Segmentation Based on Spatial and Temporal Difference Sampling (2012)

Aiming at target detection problem of complex image,this paper presents a color image segmentation method based on spatial and temporal difference sampling.It locates a part of object and background as candidate regions for sampling.By sampling from high gradient pixels and learning by Extreme Learning Machine(ELM),it extracts object roughly.It simulates human visual nerve network,resamples from spatial and temporal discontinuities,and updates classification model by new sample.Experimental results show that the proposed method can extract object effectively from the complex scenes.
On-demand energy-efficient routing for delay-constrained service in power-controlled multihop cellular network (2005)

In a multihop cellular network, energy-efficient routing is an important issue because the network consists of battery powered mobile nodes. Although an energy-efficient routing algorithm (MTPR) was proposed previously to minimize the total transmission power, it does not consider the end-to-end delay between a source node and a destination node. Generally, as the path selected using MTPR in a power-controlled network is more energy efficient, it causes larger end-to-end delay. Thus, it is more realistic to find an energy-efficient path with an explicit delay constraint. We propose an on-demand energy-efficient routing protocol for delay-constrained services in power-controlled multihop cellular networks. Computer simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms AODV with respect to the total transmission power, while maintaining the same average success rate. Moreover, the proposed scheme can approximate the optimal solution by adjusting its parameters, and is more suitable for delay-constrained service than AODV.
Electrically driven exciton-polariton lasers (2013)

Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles. They are composite and interacting bosons which can condense dynamically in a single-particle ground state via stimulated scattering. The formation of exciton-polaritons under electrical pumping has been demonstrated in quasi two dimensional systems [1-3]. In this work, we discuss the non-linear polariton emission caused by stimulated scattering in micropillar cavities under electrical pumping [4]. We distinguish our polariton laser from a conventional cavity mediated laser by probing it in a magnetic field. While a characteristic Zeeman-splitting is present in the regime of polariton lasing [4,5], it is fully absent when the device enters the weak coupling regime.
Expression of β-galactosidase controlled by a nitrogenase promoter in stem nodules of <i>Aeschynomene scabra</i> (1984)

A 365-base-pair (bp) DNA fragment, containing the promoter region of the nitrogenase reductase (nifH) gene from stem Rhizobium BTAi1, has been isolated and sequenced. The transcription initiation sites were localized at positions 152 (major initiation) and 114 (minor initiation) nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon. The 200-bp nucleotide sequence upstream of the nifH structural gene shows substantial homology to the corresponding nifH regions of cowpea Rhizobium (100%), Parasponia Rhizobium (89%), and Rhizobium japonicum (88%). The nifH promoter region of stem Rhizobium BTAi1 was fused to the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli. The fusion and a 1.6-kilobase DNA specifying neomycin phosphotransferase were inserted into a 3,4-kilobase fragment of stem Rhizobium chromosome, and the resulting construct was placed on a mobilizable vector, pREV1000. Stem Rhizobium transconjugants resistant to kanamycin were found to contain the nifH promoter region-lacZ fusion linked to the neomycin phosphotransferase gene at the site of chromosomal homology. Analysis of the DNA from stable transconjugants showed integration of a single copy of these sequences into the chromosome by a double-reciprocal crossover event. The transconjugants formed nitrogen-fixing nodules, indicating that the insertion occurred in a "nonessential" region of the stem Rhizobium chromosome. Transconjugant strain BTAi1000 grows on beta-galactosidase indicator plates under aerobic conditions as white colonies, whereas under microaerobic conditions (97% N(2)/3% O(2)), which derepress nitrogenase, the colonies turn blue within 15-24 hr. beta-Galactosidase activity in derepressed cultures of BTAi1000 showed a 200-fold increase in comparison to the wild-type strain, whereas stem nodules formed by BTAi1000 exhibited 15- to 20-fold higher beta-galactosidase values than wild-type nodules. Nitrogenase promoter-dependent expression of beta-galactosidase in stem nodules was inhibited by fixed nitrogen, suggesting that the nifH promoter-lacZ fusion is controlled coordinately in trans with the native nif region.
Optical Absorption Glucose Measurements Using 2.3-$\mu$m Vertical-Cavity Semiconductor Lasers (2008)

Continuous glucose monitoring has been shown to help diabetes mellitus patients stabilize their glucose levels, leading to improved patient health. One promising technique for monitoring blood glucose concentration is to use optical absorption spectroscopy. This letter proposes the use of thermally tunable 2.3-mum vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers to obtain blood absorption spectra. The partial least squares technique is used to determine the glucose concentration from the spectra obtained in aqueous glucose solutions.
Traditional Aquaculture Practice at East Calcutta Wetland: The Safety Assessment (2008)

The current study is on East Calcutta Wetland (ECW) which is a model for multi-use resource recovery system with activities like pisciculture and agriculture. The entire city's soluble waste is disposed into the raw sewage canals which finally drains into the shallow, flat bottom fish ponds called Bheri. These sewage fed fisheries act simultaneously for the purification process like removal of heavy metals, coliform reduction as well as fish production at a commercial scale. The fishes from these Bheri are analyzed for the extent of metal accumulation in them as compared with those collected from the fresh water ponds around Calcutta. This comparative study was done to access the risk involved, if any, in fish cultivation and its subsequent consumption from these wastewater fed fisheries. Two types of commonly consumed fishes were chosen for the study namely Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. Analysis of elements like P, S, Cl, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb was done by Energy Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) in order to quantify the level of accumulation. The analysis inferred that elements like Cr, Cu, Rb, Pb shows accumulation in substantial amount in both type of fishes collected from the sewage fed as well as freshwater sources. The uptake of these fishes by human population thereby causes the consumption of these elements in relatively higher level as compared to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Thus consumption of waste water cultivated fishes pose no additional health hazard. The accumulation of these metals in fishes from both Bheri as well as fresh water pond put forth a plausible action of diverse microscopic population and certain geochemical factors acting beneath the phenomenon of sedimentation as well as biomagnification of metal in the fish pond and their subsequent uptake in the aquatic food chain.
Physical Sources of Noise (1956)

Johnson noise is caused by the fluctuation of charges or polarizable molecules in lossy materials. Its magnitude can best be calculated by means of statistical mechanics, which tells us that each degree of freedom must have associated with it an energy of ½ kT. This leads to the usual expressions for Johnson noise, including the fact that the available thermal noise power, from a resistor, a lossy network, a lossy dielectric, or an antenna is always kTB. In the case of a resistor, network, or dielectric, T is the temperature of the lossy material. In the case of an antenna, T is the average temperature of the environment which the antenna "sees." Consistent with the power kTB available from an antenna, there is a particular density of radiation in space which is a function of temperature and frequency. Noise figure is defined in terms of Johnson noise. Shot noise, due to the discrete nature of electron flow, is generally distinct from Johnson noise, although in some electron devices the expression for the noise in the electron flow has the same form as that for Johnson noise. When the noise in electron flow is greater or less than pure shot noise, the motions of the electrons must be in some degree correlated. In an electron stream of low noise, the random interception of a fraction of the electron flow can reduce the correlation and increase the noise. Johnson noise and shot noise have a flat frequency spectrum.