gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel Cdk9 inhibitor preferentially targets tumor cells and synergizes with fludarabine (2013)

Cdk9 is a key elongation factor for RNA transcription and functions by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Here we present direct evidence that cdk9 is important for cancer cell survival and describe the characterization of the potent cdk9 inhibitor CDKI-73 in primary human leukemia cells. CDKI-73 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis that was preceded by dephosphorylation of cdk9 and serine 2 of RNA polymerase II. CDKI-73 was more potent than the pan-cdk inhibitor flavopiridol and showed >200-fold selectivity against primary leukemia cells when compared with normal CD34+ cells. Furthermore, CDKI-73 was equipotent in poor prognostic sub-groups of leukemia patients and showed cytotoxic synergy with the nucleoside analog fludarabine. The Mechanism of synergy was associated with CDKI-73-mediated transcriptional inhibition of MCL1 and XIAP that was maintained when used in combination with fludarabine. Our data present a strong rationale for the development of cdk9 inhibitors such as CDKI-73 as anticancer therapeutics.
Expression of an Atriplex nummularia Gene Encoding a Protein Homologous to the Bacterial Molecular Chaperone DnaJ (1993)

Jian-Kang Zhu, Jun Shi, Ray A. Bressan, Paul M. Hasegawa, Expression of an Atriplex nummularia Gene Encoding a Protein Homologous to the Bacterial Molecular Chaperone DnaJ, The Plant Cell, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Mar., 1993), pp. 341-349
Critical analysis of step‐graded polarisation engineered electron‐blocking layer optimisation for InGaN MQW laser diode (2019)

Here, the authors have optimised electron‐blocking layer (EBL) with step graded design for a laser diode (LD) with an emission wavelength of 450 nm. Step graded EBL contain layers of varying compositions from In 0.04 Ga 0.96 N to Al 0.2 Ga 0.8 N with the total thickness of 30 nm. The electron leakage has reduced from ∼2272 to ∼6.6 A cm −2, while hole transportation has improved by 2.185at 10 kA cm −2 injected current density. The light output power per facet of reference LD is 146.8 mW, which the authors have enhanced to 247.7 mW in authors’ step‐graded EBL structure. The slope efficiency has increased by ∼61.9%. Also, the EBL energybarrier hasincreased by 324.2 meV, while the hole transportation barrierhas reduced by 77.1 meV. The reduction in hole transportation barrier and increase in EBL barrier plays the vital role in the improved performance of LDs. The built‐in potential affects the EBL band bending. Electric fields due to polarisation, ionised impurity charge distribution, and externally applied bias are investigated. It is observed that the step graded EBL structurereduces the built‐in potential at the EBL interface, thus, resulting in reduced band bending as compared to reference laser structure.
Genetic alterations in pancreatic cancer (2007)

The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is devastating for patients and their relatives as the incidence rate is approximately the same as mortality rate. Only a small percentage, which ranges from 0.4% to 4% of patients who have been given this diagnosis, will be alive at five years. At the time of diagnosis, 80% of pancreatic cancer patients have unresectable or metastatic disease. Moreover, the therapeutic alternatives offered by chemotherapy or radiotherapy are few, if not zero. For all these reasons, there is an imperative need of analyzing and understanding the primitive lesions that lead to invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Molecular pathology of these lesions is the key of our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of this cancer and will probably help us in earlier diagnosis and better therapeutic results. This review focuses on medical research on pancreatic cancer models and the underlying genetic alterations.
Resolution of the NMR Spectrum Using Wavelet Transform (2000)

A novel method for resolution of an overlapping nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum using the wavelet transform (WT) is proposed. Due to the localization character in terms of both space and scale of the wavelet transform, an NMR spectrum can be decomposed into a series of localized contributions (details and approximations) at different resolution levels, which represent the spectral information of different resolutions. With amplification of the contributions at fine resolution level and then reconstruction (inverse transform), the resolution of the reconstructed NMR spectrum will increase. Therefore, the resolved spectrum can be obtained from a low-resolution spectrum or an overlapping spectrum. Simulated data sets and a spectrum of a biological sample (gramicidin-S) were investigated by this method. It was proven that resolution of NMR spectra can be greatly improved by this approach.
For the Grid and Through the Grid: The Role of Power Line Communications in the Smart Grid (2010)

Is Power Line Communications (PLC) a good candidate for Smart Grid applications? The objective of this paper is to address this important question. To do so we provide an overview of what PLC can deliver today by surveying its history and describing the most recent technological advances in the area. We then address Smart Grid applications as instances of sensor networking and network control problems and discuss the main conclusion one can draw from the literature on these subjects. The application scenario of PLC within the Smart Grid is then analyzed in detail. Since a necessary ingredient of network planning is modeling, we also discuss two aspects of engineering modeling that relate to our question. The first aspect is modeling the PLC channel through fading models. The second aspect we review is the Smart Grid control and traffic modeling problem which allows us to achieve a better understanding of the communications requirements. Finally, this paper reports recent studies on the electrical and topological properties of a sample power distribution network. Power grid topological studies are very important for PLC networking as the power grid is not only the information source \textit{but also} the information delivery system - a unique feature when PLC is used for the Smart Grid.
Carbonates: eco-friendly solvents for palladium-catalysed direct arylation of heteroaromatics (2010)

The palladium-catalysed direct 2-, 4- or 5-arylation of a wide range of heteroaromatics with aryl halides proceed in moderate to good yields using the eco-friendly solvents carbonates. The best yields were obtained using benzoxazole or thiazole derivatives. The arylation of furan, thiophene, pyrrole, imidazole or isoxazole derivatives was found to require a more elevated reaction temperature.
The Facile Synthesis of Dialkyl 1-Aminoalkylphosphonates (1994)

Abstract During past several years we have been engaged in the synthesis of phosphono peptides, peptide analogues with phosphonic acid replacing C-terminal carboxylate moiety. They became increasingly important since they appeared useful as carriers of toxic aminoalkylphosphonic acids through bacterial cell wall1–4 or into plant tissues.1,5 The most succesful method for the synthesis of these peptides is the condensation of N-blocked amino acids with dialkyl 6,7 or diphenyl 8.9 esters of aminoalkylphosphonic acids followed by removal of protecting groups.
Enhanced Mobility of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Transistors by Spin-Coating from High-Boiling-Point Solvents (2004)

Chloroform is a general solvent for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) active layers in field-effect transistors. However, its low boiling point and rapid evaporation limit the time for crystallization during the spin-coating process, and field-effect mobilities achieved for P3HT films spin-coated from chloroform are typically on the order of 0.01 cm2/(V s). Here we investigate a range of solvents with higher boiling points. We find that 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene with good solubility and a high boiling point significantly improves the field-effect mobilities up to 0.12 cm2/(V s) with on:off ratios of 106. By controlling the microstructure through the choice of solvent while keeping the molecular weight fixed, we observe a clear correlation between the field-effect mobility and the degree of microcrystalline order as measured by X-ray diffraction, as well as the strength of polaronic relaxation of charge carriers in the accumulation layer as measured by optical spectroscopy of field-induced charge.
Involvement of an Autocrine Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1/CXCR4 System on the Distant Metastasis of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2007)

We have previously shown that a stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1; CXCL12)/CXCR4 system is involved in the establishment of lymph node metastasis, but not in that of distant metastasis, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this study, we investigated the role of the autocrine SDF-1/CXCR4 system, with a focus on distant metastasis in oral SCC cells. The immunohistochemical staining of SDF-1 and CXCR4 using primary oral SCCs and metastatic lymph nodes showed a significantly higher number of SDF-1-positive cases among the metastatic lymph nodes than among the primary oral SCCs, which was associated with a poor survival rate among those of the former group. The forced expression of SDF-1 in B88 cells, which exhibit functional CXCR4 and lymph node metastatic potential (i.e., the autocrine SDF-1/CXCR4 system), conferred enhanced cell motility and anchorage-independent growth potential onto the cells. Orthotopic inoculation of the transfectant into nude mice was associated with an increase in the number of metastatic lymph nodes and more aggressive metastatic foci in the lymph nodes. Furthermore, the SDF-1 transfectant (i.e., the autocrine SDF-1/CXCR4 system) exhibited dramatic metastasis to the lung after i.v. inoculation, whereas the mock transfectant (i.e., the paracrine SDF-1/CXCR4 system) did not. Under the present conditions, AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, significantly inhibited the lung metastasis of the SDF-1 transfectant, ameliorated body weight loss, and improved the survival rate of tumor-bearing nude mice. These results suggested that, in cases of oral SCC, the paracrine SDF-1/CXCR4 system potentiates lymph node metastasis, but distant metastasis might require the autocrine SDF-1/CXCR4 system.
Improvement of thermoplasticity for s-BPDA/PDA by copolymerization and blend with novel asymmetric BPDA-based polyimides (1999)

Asymmetric biphenyl type polyimides (PI) derived from 2,3,3′,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (a-BPDA) and p-phenylenediamine (PDA) or 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) show higher Tgs, and much better thermoplasticity than the corresponding isomeric PIs from symmetric 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (s-BPDA). In addition, a-BPDA-derived PIs are completely amorphous owing to their bent chain structures and highly distorted conformations, whereas the PIs from s-BPDA are semicrystalline. a-BPDA-derived PIs possessing these properties or the a-BPDA monomer were used as a flexible blend component or a comonomer to improve the insufficient thermoplasticity of semirigid s-BPDA/PDA homo polymer. The blends composed of s-BPDA/PDA (80%) with a-BPDA-derived PIs (20%), as well as the s-BPDA/PDA-based copolymer containing 20% a-BPDA, showed a certain extent of thermoplasticity above the Tgs without causing a decrease in Tg. In addition, these blends and copolymer provided comparatively low thermal expansion coefficient (ca. 18 ppm). The improved film properties for the blends are related to good blend miscibility. On the other hand, when s-BPDA/ODA was used as a flexible matrix polymer instead of a-BPDA-derived PIs, the 80/20 blend film annealed at 400°C exhibited no prominent softening at the Tg. This result arises from annealing-induced crystallization of the flexible s-BPDA/ODA component. Thus, these results revealed that a-BPDA-derived PIs are promising candidates as matrix polymers for semirigid s-BPDA/PDA for the present purpose. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2499–2511, 1999
Cleavage of Silicon—Silicon Bonds on an Alumina Column (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage of Silicon—Silicon Bonds on an Alumina ColumnGhansham R. Chainani, Sheila Cooper, and Henry GilmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 8, 2146–2148Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01043a506RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (411 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Insecticide Susceptibility in <I>Coptotermes formosanus</I> and <I>Reticulitermes virginicus</I> (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (2001)

Lethal time to mortality responses were established for eight insecticides against workers and soldiers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and workers of Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks). There were significant differences in the tolerance ratios between workers of C. formosanus colonies to all toxicants tested except fipronil. One colony was 16 times more tolerant than another to deltamethin. C. formosanus soldiers had significant differences in tolerance ratios among colonies exposed to all toxicants except chlorpyrifos. Methoxychlor, permethrin, deltamethrin, and fipronil did not kill soldiers from two, one, one, and three colonies, respectively, within 8 h. Seventy-five percent of R. virginicus colonies were significantly less susceptible than the most susceptible colony to chlordane, methoxychlor, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and fipronil, with 50% of the colonies less susceptible to permethrin and bendiocarb. In 50% of C. formosanus colonies the worker lethal time curves displayed substantial flattening in response to permethrin, and deltamethrin. Lethal time curses for C. formosanus soldiers exposed to chlordane, chlorpyrifos, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and bendiocarb showed substantial flattening. R. virginicus workers demonstrated substantial curve flattening when exposed to chlordane, methoxychlor, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, and fipronil. These findings indicate substantial intercolony and intra-colony differences in susceptibility to insecticides.
The "buried bumper syndrome": a complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. (1990)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is used for long-term nutritional support and can be performed with relatively few complications. We describe a patient in whom the internal bumper eroded into the stomach wall and was completely covered by gastric epithelium 11 months after gastrostomy tube placement. The gastrostomy tube itself was patent, and the end still protruded into the lumen of the stomach so that tube feeding was not impaired. Endoscopy, in combination with passage of Savary dilators over a guidewire, was safely used to remove the gastrostomy tube and buried bumper. We recommend this approach in patients with the "buried bumper" syndrome to prevent continued tube migration into the gastric and abdominal walls.
Probiotics and vitamin C for the prevention of respiratory tract infections in children attending preschool: a randomised controlled pilot study (2014)

Supplementation with a probiotic/vitamin C combination may be beneficial in the prevention and management of URTIs.
Small‐scale gravity waves in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere generated by deep tropical convection (2001)

A time‐dependent, nonlinear, fully compressible, axisymmetric, ƒ‐plane, numerical model is used to simulate the generation of small‐scale gravity waves in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere by intense deep convection in the troposphere. The simulations show that major convective storms in the tropics excite a broad spectrum of upper mesosphere‐lower thermosphere gravity waves above the storm centers. The wave field includes a component that is guided in a thermal duct in the lower thermosphere and propagates horizontally outward from above the storm. Storms excite oscillations over the source which are initially confined to a stratospheric duct but leak into the thermospheric duct over time generating a long train of small‐scale‐ducted waves. This ringing phenomenon persists for several hours after the storm has ended. The ducted disturbances may propagate large distances from the source and explain observations of a strong summertime anisotropy favoring southward propagation of small‐scale waves observed in the airglow over Adelaide more than 2000 km to the south of the storm events.
Insights on N-glycosylation of human haptoglobin and its association with cancers (2016)

Protein glycosylation is one of the most significant post-translation modifications and plays a critical role in various biological functions. Haptoglobin (Hp) is one of the acute-phase response proteins secreted by liver. Its glycosylation could be analyzed by many analytical techniques qualitatively and quantitatively. The glycosylation alterations of Hp are reported to be associated with different kinds of diseases. The main glycosylation alterations of Hp in cancer appear to be the presence of aberrantly fucosylated and sialylated structures as well as increased branching. In this mini review, we provided a brief overview of Hp structure and biological function, discussed its glycosylation alterations in different cancers, and described the existing technologies for analyzing glycosylation site and glycan of Hp. Given the importance of Hp glycosylation, its unknown and unclear biological complexity and significances, Hp glycosylation has become a major target in cancer research. Development of sensitive and specific detection of Hp glycosylation including large-scale validation may be significant steps forward to its clinical application.
Estimation of cerebrovascular reactivity using transcranial Doppler, including the use of breath-holding as the vasodilatory stimulus. (1992)

The breath-holding method offers potential as a convenient, well-tolerated screening method of assessing carbon dioxide reactivity not requiring the administration of carbon dioxide, although further validation against more established methods of measuring cerebrovascular reserve is first required.
[Problems with long-term immunosuppression following organ transplantation]. (1990)

Long-term immunosuppression is followed by an increase of malignancies (skin cancer, lymphomas and Kaposi's sarkoma). Among the infectious complications an incidence of bacteraemia up to 48% is found, a relative increase of infection with listeria and salmonella, and viruses from the herpes group. The major side effect of azathioprine is haematologic, whereas Cyclosporin A is nephrotoxic. Three classes of renal functional impairment by Cyclosporine are defined: 1. renal dysfunction, 2. acute nephrotoxicity and 3. chronic nephrotoxicity. Appropriate ways to handle chronic nephrotoxicity are discussed.
Intermittent bolus versus patient-controlled epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia. (1997)

PCEA with morphine decreases morphine consumption and with less adverse effects than intermittent bolus of epidural morphine. PCEA with morphine is an acceptable alternative to epidural morphine after low abdominal surgery.
The Kyle Condenser Loud Speaker (1929)

By using the Kyle principle of construction, it has been possible to develop a practicable condenser loud speaker. The Kyle construction uses a flexible dielectric diaphragm in contact with the high points of a rigid, undulated metal plate. The electrodes of the condenser are the rigid plate and a flexible metal layer attached to the opposite surface of the dielectric. A comparatively large actuating force is thereby obtained and at the same time sufficient amplitude of motion is permitted to give efficient and faithful reproduction.
New Graphene Form of Nanoporous Monolith for Excellent Energy Storage (2015)

Extraordinary tubular graphene cellular material of a tetrahedrally connected covalent structure was very recently discovered as a new supermaterial with ultralight, ultrastiff, superelastic, and excellent conductive characteristics, but no high specific surface area will keep it from any next-generation energy storage applications. Herein, we prepare another new graphene monolith of mesoporous graphene-filled tubes instead of hollow tubes in the reported cellular structure. This graphene nanoporous monolith is also composed of covalently bonded carbon network possessing high specific surface area of ∼1590 m(2) g(-1) and electrical conductivity of ∼32 S cm(-1), superior to graphene aerogels and porous graphene forms self-assembled by graphene oxide. This 3D graphene monolith can support over 10 000 times its own weight, significantly superior to CNT and graphene cellular materials with a similar density. Furthermore, pseudocapacitance-active functional groups are introduced into the new nanoporous graphene monolith as an electrode material in electrochemical capacitors. Surprisingly, the electrode of 3D mesoporous graphene has a specific capacitance of 303 F g(-1) and maintains over 98% retention after 10 000 cycles, belonging to the list for the best carbon-based active materials. The macroscopic mesoporous graphene monolith suggests the great potential as an electrode for supercapacitors in energy storage areas.
Longitudinal clustering of tuberculosis incidence in Portugal from 2002 to 2012 (2015)

<b>Background:</b> Portugal remains the country with the highest tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Western Europe. Understanding the effect of the population9s profile on TB notification rate can have important public health implications. <b>Objectives:</b> This study aims to identify longitudinal trends of TB incidence in Portugal from 2002 to 2012 and to investigate the effect of the sociodemographic and health characteristics of the resident population on the identified time profiles. <b>Methods:</b> We used data from national Tuberculosis Surveillance System and other national institutions. The K-means longitudinal clustering algorithm was performed on the time profiles of TB notification rates from each of the 19 evaluated regions. The average evolution of TB notification rate was modelled as a linear function of the following factors: time (in years), the 3-cluster structure, population density, HIV notification rate, unemployment, incarceration, prison overcrowding, alcohol or drugs, working age population, elderly population, medical doctors, medical appointments and interactions of these covariates with the cluster structure. The fitting process used generalized least squares. <b>Results:</b> HIV notification rate and population density were shown to have significant effects on the TB notification rate. In particular, it is expected that an increase of 10 HIV notifications will lead to a rise of 2.5 TB notifications, for a fixed cluster, year and population density value. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study supports that strategies to reduce the HIV incidence and the HIV/TB co-infection, in addition to targeted programs for regions with high population density, should decrease TB notification rate.