gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erythropoietin titers in anemic, nonuremic patients. (1987)

Erythropoietin titers when related to the hematocrit percentage and measured by bioassay in 33 normal volunteers and in 61 patients with anemias not complicated by renal or chronic disease were found to overlap with titers measured by radioimmunoassay in 20 normals and 28 patients with similar anemias. Erythropoietin titers measured by radioimmunoassay in 34 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 25 patients with sickle cell anemia (58 separate samples), and 28 patients with erythroid hypoplasia caused by hematologic malignancies were compared with those in the control group of patients with uncomplicated anemias and found not to differ significantly from titers in this group. Erythropoietin titers measured by bioassay in 12 patients with aplastic anemia also fell within the range of those in the control group. Consequently, erythropoietin titers in these anemias appear to be determined primarily by the degree of anemia and not by any specific effect of these illnesses on the production of erythropoietin.
Beam chopper for subnanosecond pulses in scanning electron microscopy (1978)

A beam deflection system for an AUTOSCAN scanning electron microscope is described. The primary electrons (PE) are deflected in the electrostatic field of a symmetrical deflection system consisting of two trough-type travelling-wave structures with a bandwidth of 8 GHz. For routine measurements the system is driven with pulse generators limiting the PE pulse width to 350 ps; it is optimised like the electron gun to an acceleration voltage of 2.5 kV and can be externally adjusted. The degradation of local resolution due to defocusing and the virtual shift of the crossover is largely avoided by applying deflection voltages of opposite polarity to the two structures and by limiting the beam path within the deflection system.
Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli essential genes and minimal cell factories after one decade of genome engineering (2014)

Investigation of essential genes, besides contributing to understanding the fundamental principles of life, has numerous practical applications. Essential genes can be exploited as building blocks of a tightly controlled cell 'chassis'. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli K-12 are both well-characterized model bacteria used as hosts for a plethora of biotechnological applications. Determination of the essential genes that constitute the B. subtilis and E. coli minimal genomes is therefore of the highest importance. Recent advances have led to the modification of the original B. subtilis and E. coli essential gene sets identified 10 years ago. Furthermore, significant progress has been made in the area of genome minimization of both model bacteria. This review provides an update, with particular emphasis on the current essential gene sets and their comparison with the original gene sets identified 10 years ago. Special attention is focused on the genome reduction analyses in B. subtilis and E. coli and the construction of minimal cell factories for industrial applications.
Integratlon ofSpatial DatawlthBuslness Intelligence Systems (2008)

1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~2 dzenana.muracevic Abstract - Thispaperproposes anddiscusses a GISthat business intelligence (BI), datawarehousing anddata integrates geographic resources withbusiness intelligence data mningsystems. fromSAP,TISandother systems. Location isaunifying theme inbusiness. Location canbeanaddress, aservice boundary, a IIINTEGRATIONCONCEPTSPATIALDATA WITH sales territory, ora delivery route. Allthesethings canbe SAP,TISAND BILLINGSYSTEMS visualized andinteractively managedandanalyzed ina GIS. Spatial relationships, patterns andtrends reveal invaluable husmessintelligence and hringeasy-to-understand Theintegration ofGISwith SAPapplications iscritical visualization tohusiness applcatons. UseGIStoanswerhasc forutilities because theytypically haveunique tasks: or sophisticated question on how toimprovehusinesses mngn sesadifatutr itiue vrawd workflow, management, andROI(Return onInvest). Tobe managing assets andinfrastructure distributed overawide abletointegrate GISsystem withother business systems and area, supplying mobilefield forces withaccess tocorporate processes itisnecessary that spatial andnon-spatial dataare data,and ensuring optimalutilization of assets nodifferent. infrastructure, andpeopleinthefieldthrough fast, In presentation I willpresent GIS application which accurate, andeasyaccess todataandtools1). Todaywith demonstrates concept ofintegrating dataandsystems with the emergence oftheWebanditsassociated standards and spatial adtnosltsatial data.Threappl icationl integrates Gdata spatial ad nn pa . idevelopment ofenterprise platforms, newapplications can fromdifferent systems: traditional GISdata, TISandSAP. be aslcrtdfom hehrdsrves fohr Dataintegration enabling easier andmoreeffective control of be easily created fromthesharedservices ofother telecommunication networks, supervising andeffect solutions applications ina oosely coupled, standards-based, and offailures onelement telecommunications systems, accesssystem-independent environment. networks andnetworks features, better controlling systems, witch weafJford toendusers. Goalisfaster andmorequality To implement operational GISpervasively acrossthe solutions ofuser's request. Present solutions inthis paper enterprise, project-based point-to-point integration basedonOpenGISstandards andinterfaces togeospatial approaches mustbe replaced by flexible reusable nfo0rmatonl pfrovidefr,n Oracle DatahaeandApplCcatione integration components thatmerge SAPapplications and Server. GIStransactions into task-level enterprise services. Users analyzeding nwaygeogffrs bettr petin fbasinarchitecture (SOA) standards (1),and provide coarse- problemsiand canXprovideaniqacsolations.SpatialdatagrainLed anrd finre-grained services. SAP andESRIalso which~~~~~~ .
A self-powered sensor patch for glucose monitoring in sweat (2017)

We developed a paper-based self-powered sensor patch for detecting glucose levels in sweat. This wearable, non-invasive biosensor made use of the integration of a vertically stacked paper-based glucose/oxygen enzymatic fuel cell into a standard Band-Aid patch. The paper-based device, attached directly to human skin, wicked sweat from human skin and monitored an electrochemical energy conversion as a transducing element for glucose monitoring in sweat, thus obviating the requirement of external power sources and sophisticated readout instrumentation. The device features (i) a 3-D origami paper-based fuel cell structure for easy system integration on paper, (ii) an electrically conducting paper microfluidic reservoir for high anode surface area and efficient mass transfer, and (iii) a direct electron transfer between enzymes and electrodes for enhanced electron discharge properties. The sensor showed a linear range of output current at 0.02-1.0mg/mL glucose (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> =0.989) with a high sensitivity.
Lessons Learned and Future Directions: CLER National Report of Findings 2016 (2016)

The Clinical Learning Environment Review (CLER) Program is designed to provide formative feedback to the hospitals, medical centers, and ambulatory care sites that serve as clinical learning environments (CLEs) for ACGME-accredited residency and fellowship programs 1,2 While its main focus is to provide institutions with individual feedback, the aggregate data presented here offer an important overview of the environments where residents and fellows train—and thus can inform the national conversation on optimal attributes for a CLE The collective observations from this first set of CLER site visits portray a community of teaching hospitals, medical centers, and ambulatory care sites that has great capacity to shape the quality of the emerging physician workforce and drive improvements in patient care
The immunological `Wars of the Roses': disagreements amongst reproductive immunologists (2002)

The relevance of abnormal autoimmune function to reproductive function in the female has over recent years become an increasingly controversial and contentious issue. Opposing views have led to a polarization of opinions which, at times, resulted in publications of rather vocal opinions by individuals as well as societal committees. This communication is an attempt to reconcile these, at times diametrically opposing opinions, in a concept of (auto)immune-driven reproduction failure, which could explain and unify these opposing opinions and, thus, hopefully end the ongoing "immunological wars of the roses".
Metamaterial broadband angular selectivity (2014)

We demonstrate how broadband angular selectivity can be achieved with stacks of one-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals, each consisting of alternating isotropic layers and effective anisotropic layers, where each effective anisotropic layer is constructed from a multilayered metamaterial. We show that by simply changing the structure of the metamaterials, the selective angle can be tuned to a broad range of angles; and, by increasing the number of stacks, the angular transmission window can be made as narrow as desired. As a proof of principle, we realize the idea experimentally in the microwave regime. The angular selectivity and tunability we report here can have various applications such as in directional control of electromagnetic emitters and detectors.
Shaping and Erection of Doubly-curved Space Trusses (1998)

The aim of the paper is to illustrate the feasibility of shaping and erecting three-dimensional space trusses of domical and hypar forms from an initially flat or planar condition. The shaping procedure uses a post-tensioning process, rather than conventional techniques involving the use of cranes and scaffolds. The post-tensioning procedure can become integral to the erection process. Reference is made to the relevant theory concerning the transformation of initial truss mechanisms to statically determinate or indeterminate trusses by the inclusion of appropriate post-tensioned members. Also, recognition of the in-plane and out-of-plane distortions of pyramidal modules of the truss that allow planar surfaces to be deformed into double curvature shapes are mentioned.
The Hofmeister effect and the behaviour of water at interfaces (1985)

Starting from known properties of non-specific salt effects on the surface tension at an air-water interface, we propose the first general, detailed qualitative molecular mechanism for the origins of ion-specific (Hofmeister) effects on the surface potential difference at an air-water interface; this mechanism suggests a simple model for the behaviour of water at all interfaces (including water-solute interfaces), regardless of whether the non-aqueous component is neutral or charged, polar or non-polar. Specifically, water near an isolated interface is conceptually divided into three layers, each layer being I water-molecule thick. We propose that the solute determines the behaviour of the adjacent first interfacial water layer (I1); that the bulk solution determines the behaviour of the third interfacial water layer (I3), and that both I1 and I3 compete for hydrogen-bonding interactions with the intervening water layer (I2), which can be thought of as a transition layer. The model requires that a polar kosmotrope (polar water-structure maker) interact with I1 more strongly than would bulk water in its place; that a chaotrope (water-structure breaker) interact with I1 somewhat less strongly than would bulk water in its place; and that a non-polar kosmotrope (non-polar water-structure maker) interact with I1 much less strongly than would bulk water in its place. We introduce two simple new postulates to describe the behaviour of I1 water molecules in aqueous solution. The first, the 'relative competition' postulate, states that an I1 water molecule, in maximizing its free energy (--delta G), will favour those of its highly directional polar (hydrogen-bonding) interactions with its immediate neighbours for which the maximum pairwise enthalpy of interaction (--delta H) is greatest; that is, it will favour the strongest interactions. We describe such behaviour as 'compliant', since an I1 water molecule will continually adjust its position to maximize these strong interactions. Its behaviour towards its remaining immediate neighbours, with whom it interacts relatively weakly (but still favourably), we describe as 'recalcitrant', since it will be unable to adjust its position to maximize simultaneously these interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Current, February 27, 1969 (1969)

https://irl.umsl.edu/current1960s/1059/thumbnail.jpg
In Vitro Analysis and In Vivo Tumor Targeting of a Humanized, Grafted Nanobody in Mice Using Pinhole SPECT/Micro-CT (2010)

This study shows the potency of antigen-binding loop-grafting to efficiently generate humanized Nanobodies that retain their targeting capacities for noninvasive in vivo imaging of tumors.
Combined vascular targeted imaging and therapy: A paradigm for personalized treatment (2002)

In order to be successful in personalizing treatment, methods for selecting patients as well as good surrogate biomarkers for monitoring the effects of treatment are required in addition to development of an efficacious targeted therapy. We have developed a polymerized nanoparticle platform technology that will allow us to put different targeting moieties on the surface of the particles in addition to loading the particles with different contrast and therapeutic agents. We have proven that these nanoparticles can be targeted to endothelial receptors and different payloads of contrast and therapeutic agents have been delivered to target cells with high target to background ratios. Using this combined vascular targeted imaging and therapy approach, we are optimistic that personalized treatment regimens can be developed for different disease processes such as cancer, inflammation, and ischemia.
Interface-induced superconductivity at ∼25 K at ambient pressure in undoped CaFe <sub>2</sub> As <sub>2</sub> single crystals (2016)

Superconductivity has been reversibly induced/suppressed in undoped CaFe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> (Ca122) single crystals through proper thermal treatments, with T<sub>c</sub> at ∼25 K at ambient pressure and up to 30 K at 1.7 GPa. We found that Ca122 can be stabilized in two distinct tetragonal (T) phases at room temperature and ambient pressure: PI with a nonmagnetic collapsed tetragonal (cT) phase at low temperature and PII with an antiferromagnetic orthorhombic (O) phase at low temperature, depending on the low-temperature annealing condition. Neither phase at ambient pressure is superconducting down to 2 K. However, systematic annealing for different time periods at 350 °C on the as-synthesized crystals, which were obtained by quenching the crystal ingot from 850 °C, reveals the emergence of superconductivity over a narrow time window. Whereas the onset T<sub>c</sub> is insensitive to the anneal time, the superconductive volume fraction evolves with the time in a dome-shaped fashion. Detailed X-ray diffraction profile analyses further reveal mesoscopically stacked layers of the PI and the PII phases. The deduced interface density correlates well with the superconducting volume measured. The transport anomalies of the T-cT transition, which is sensitive to lattice strain, and the T-O transition, which is associated with the spin-density-wave (SDW) transition, are gradually suppressed over the superconductive region, presumably due to the interface interactions between the nonmagnetic metallic cT phase and the antiferromagnetic O phase. The results provide the most direct evidence to date for interface-enhanced superconductivity in undoped Ca122, consistent with the recent theoretical prediction.
Trends and perspectives for electrical characterization and reliability assessment in advanced CMOS technologies (2010)

In this paper we give a brief historical review of the evolution of device reliability research over the past decades. Then we give some examples on how established characterization techniques that were developed for silicon based devices can be completely misinterpreted when applied to Ge or III-V based MOS-structures, and how a simple modification of the technique can ensure a correct interpretation. We also show how novel techniques, such as TSCIS (Trap spectroscopy by Charge Injection and Sensing). were developed recently to overcome the problem of dielectric material screening for logic and memory applications. With the scaling of the devices into the nanometer regime single traps are causing large variations in the device parameters, which leads to a time-dependent variability, which makes lifetime analysis difficult. Finally we show that when using the classical reliability assessment methodology based on accelerated testing, the available reliability margins are strongly reduced, in some cases even down to zero, especially for sub-1nm EOT (Effective Oxide Thickness) devices. As a result, we argue that the reliability community will have to look for alternative ways to ensure and guarantee the lifetime of future products.
Preventive effect of trunk injection of benomyl wettable powder on mass mortality of oak trees (2014)

ナラ枯れの新たな予防法を開発するために，殺菌剤ベノミル水和剤の水希釈液を健全なミズナラに樹幹注入処理する試験を行った．ベノミル水和剤500倍希釈液を樹幹注入処理した供試木すべてにRaffaelea quercivora（ナラ菌）を多点接種したところ，その立木は枯死せず，辺材部からのナラ菌の分離率も対照に比べて低かった．一方，無処理の健全木への多点接種では試験木は枯死し，ナラ菌の分離率が高かった．また，3県8試験地の14の試験でベノミル500倍液の樹幹注入処理による枯損予防効果を試験した．処理区は無処理区に対して常に低い枯死率であった．処理区と無処理区の枯死率に有意差は認められなかったが，14の試験すべてで注入当年から3年後の枯死率がベノミル区で無処理区に対して低かったことから，被害が発生する現実林分において，ベノミル500倍液の樹幹注入処理による枯損防止効果が高いことが示唆された．
Diagnostic sensitivity of three tumour markers in non-small cell lung cancer: a pilot study. (2000)

This pilot study allows recommendation of the associated use of these two markers as first choice of diagnostic aid in non-small cell lung cancer. Further measurements, including specificity studies in benign lung diseases, should be performed to confirm these results.
Cultic Aspects of Sociology: A Speculative Essay (1974)

It will be the major task of this paper to trace some of the consequences of characterizing the sociological discipline as an 'occupation'. It will be argued that utilizing the conception of 'occupation' in a sensitizing or orientational fashion (see Blumer, I969) in relation to what has been variously referred to as 'the profession of sociology', 'the sociological enterprise', 'the discipline of sociology' leads to the observation of activities within the discipline which are 'cultic' in character. This depiction leads to a number of hypotheses about the nature of sociological inquiry and the variety of manners in which it is conducted.
Changes in Midgut Endopeptidase Activity of <I>Spodoptera frugiperda</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are Responsible for Adaptation to Soybean Proteinase Inhibitors (2000)

The development of transgenic maize plants expressing soybean proteinase inhibitors could reduce the economic damage of one of the major maize pests in Brazil, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797). We examined the influence of soybean proteinase inhibitors on digestive enzyme properties and development of S. frugiperda larvae. The inhibition of trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in vitro by soybean proteinase inhibitors suggested that either Kunitz (SBTI) or Bowman-Birk (SBBI) would have a potential antimetabolic effect when ingested by insect larvae. However, chronic ingestion of semipurified soybean inhibitors did not result in a significant reduction of growth and development of fall armyworm. Therefore, digestive serine proteinase activities (trypsin and chymotrypsin) of fall armyworm larvae were characterized. The results suggest that S. frugiperda was able to physiologically adapt to dietary proteinase inhibitors by altering the complement of proteolytic enzymes in the insect midguts.
Auto-associative segmentation for real-time object recognition in realistic outdoor images (1998)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
The Future of Influenza Vaccines: A Historical and Clinical Perspective (2018)

For centuries, the development of vaccines to prevent infectious disease was an empirical process. From smallpox variolation in Song dynasty China, through the polysaccharide capsule vaccines developed in the 1970s, vaccines were made either from the pathogen itself, treated in some way to render it attenuated or non-infectious, or from a closely related non-pathogenic strain. In recent decades, new scientific knowledge and technologies have enabled rational vaccine design in a way that was unimaginable before. However, vaccines optimal against some infectious diseases, influenza among them, have remained elusive. This review will highlight the challenges that influenza viruses pose for rational vaccine design. In particular, it will consider the clinically beneficial endpoints, beyond complete sterilizing immunity, that have been achieved with vaccines against other infectious diseases, as well as the barriers to achieving similar success against influenza.
Albiglutide (Tanzeum) for Diabetes Mellitus. (2017)

Reductions in A1C are less with albiglutide than with the first-line therapy metformin, and albiglutide costs significantly more than metformin and sulfonylureas. Albiglutide's ability to reduce diabetes-related morbidity and major cardiovascular events is unknown.
Small Farmers Weathered 1980's Financial Stress Better than Large Farmers (1991)

Large farms had a loan default rate 2.5 times greater than small farms in 1987-88 and an insolvency rate 3 times greater. That was so even though small farms averaged less than $40,000 in annual farm sales while large farms averaged about $200,000. The reason? Small farmers got most of their income from off-farm jobs which cushioned them when crops failed or when the price wasn't right.
Properties and swelling characteristics of cross‐linked poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend membrane (1992)

Abstract Blend membrane consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan was prepared from a solvent‐casting technique and characterized for their intermolecular interactions using infrared and X‐ray diffraction methods. Cross‐linking the blend with glutaraldehyde produces a membrane with lower crystallinity and a smaller swelling degree, but having improved thermostability and mechanical properties. The present blend membrane shows a pH‐dependent swelling characteristic and will be discussed in detail. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.