gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetramethyldisilan‐1,2‐diyl‐verbrückte Dicyclopentadienyl‐und Diindenylmetalldichloride der 4. Gruppe – Kristallstruktur von (1996)

Abstract Dicyclopentadienyl‐ und Diindenylmetalldichloride des Typs Cp′Me 2 SiMe 2 SiCp′MCl 2 (Cp′ = C 5 H 4 ; M = Ti( 1 ), Zr ( 2 ), Hf ( 3 ); Cp′ = C 9 H 7 ; M = Zr ( 4 ), Hf ( 5 )) wurden synthetisiert und mittels ihrer 1 H‐, 13 C‐ und 29 Si‐NMR‐Spektren sowie MS‐ und IR‐Spektren charakterisiert. Die Kristallstruktur von 2 wurde ermittelt.
Evolution of adverse changes in stored RBCs (2007)

Recent studies have underscored questions about the balance of risk and benefit of RBC transfusion. A better understanding of the nature and timing of molecular and functional changes in stored RBCs may provide strategies to improve the balance of benefit and risk of RBC transfusion. We analyzed changes occurring during RBC storage focusing on RBC deformability, RBC-dependent vasoregulatory function, and S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb), through which hemoglobin (Hb) O(2) desaturation is coupled to regional increases in blood flow in vivo (hypoxic vasodilation). Five hundred ml of blood from each of 15 healthy volunteers was processed into leukofiltered, additive solution 3-exposed RBCs and stored at 1-6 degrees C according to AABB standards. Blood was subjected to 26 assays at 0, 3, 8, 24 and 96 h, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks. RBC SNO-Hb decreased rapidly (1.2 x 10(-4) at 3 h vs. 6.5 x 10(-4) (fresh) mol S-nitrosothiol (SNO)/mol Hb tetramer (P = 0.032, mercuric-displaced photolysis-chemiluminescence assay), and remained low over the 42-day period. The decline was corroborated by using the carbon monoxide-saturated copper-cysteine assay [3.0 x 10(-5) at 3 h vs. 9.0 x 10(-5) (fresh) mol SNO/mol Hb]. In parallel, vasodilation by stored RBCs was significantly depressed. RBC deformability assayed at a physiological shear stress decreased gradually over the 42-day period (P < 0.001). Time courses vary for several storage-induced defects that might account for recent observations linking blood transfusion with adverse outcomes. Of clinical concern is that SNO levels, and their physiological correlate, RBC-dependent vasodilation, become depressed soon after collection, suggesting that even "fresh" blood may have developed adverse biological characteristics.
Death of a newborn: healing the pain through Carper's patterns of knowing in nursing. (1997)

This article will explain how a nurse's holistic integration of empirical, esthetic, ethical and personal knowledge, as described by Carper's (1978) patterns of knowing in nursing", guided her teaching and nursing practice and helped a couple heal the pain of their newborn's death.
Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Evaluation of Bisubstrate Inhibitors for CatecholO-Methyltransferase (COMT) (2000)

The enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the Me group transfer from the cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the hydroxy group of catechol substrates. Potential bisubstrate inhibitors of COMT were developed by structure-based design and synthesized. The compounds were tested for in vitro inhibitory activity against COMT obtained from rat liver, and the inhibition kinetics were examined with regard to the binding sites of cofactor and substrate. One of the designed molecules was found to be a bisubstrate inhibitor of COMT with an IC50 = 2 microM. It exhibits competitive kinetics for the SAM and noncompetitive kinetics for the catechol binding site. Useful structure-activity relationships were established which provide important guidelines for the design of future generations of bisubstrate inhibitors of COMT.
The Expression and Regulation of STATs during 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation (1996)

STATs (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) comprise a family of transcription factors that reside in the cytoplasm of resting cells. In response to a variety of stimuli, STATs become tyrosine-phosphorylated and translocate to the nucleus where they mediate transcriptional regulation. We have used the 3T3-L1 murine cell line to examine the expression of STAT proteins as a function of their differentiation into adipocytes. The expression of STATs 1, 3, and 5, but not of STAT 6, is markedly elevated in adipocytes as compared with their fibroblast precursors. Exposure of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) blocks their differentiation into adipocytes. Therefore, we examined STAT expression as a function of differentiation in the presence of this cytokine. The expression of STATs 1 and 5 is markedly attenuated in the presence of TNFα, whereas STAT 3 expression is unaffected by this treatment. Only STAT 1 is down-regulated by TNFα in fully differentiated cells. Thus, although the expression of STATs 1, 3, and 5 is markedly enhanced upon differentiation, only STAT 5 expression is tightly correlated with the adipocyte phenotype. These data suggest that STAT 5, and possibly STAT 1, could be potential inducers of tissue-specific genes, which contribute to the development and maintenance of the adipocyte phenotype. STATs (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) comprise a family of transcription factors that reside in the cytoplasm of resting cells. In response to a variety of stimuli, STATs become tyrosine-phosphorylated and translocate to the nucleus where they mediate transcriptional regulation. We have used the 3T3-L1 murine cell line to examine the expression of STAT proteins as a function of their differentiation into adipocytes. The expression of STATs 1, 3, and 5, but not of STAT 6, is markedly elevated in adipocytes as compared with their fibroblast precursors. Exposure of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) blocks their differentiation into adipocytes. Therefore, we examined STAT expression as a function of differentiation in the presence of this cytokine. The expression of STATs 1 and 5 is markedly attenuated in the presence of TNFα, whereas STAT 3 expression is unaffected by this treatment. Only STAT 1 is down-regulated by TNFα in fully differentiated cells. Thus, although the expression of STATs 1, 3, and 5 is markedly enhanced upon differentiation, only STAT 5 expression is tightly correlated with the adipocyte phenotype. These data suggest that STAT 5, and possibly STAT 1, could be potential inducers of tissue-specific genes, which contribute to the development and maintenance of the adipocyte phenotype.
ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT (2003)

The objective of this project is to develop an improved ultra-lightweight cement using ultra-lightweight hollow glass spheres (ULHS). This report discusses testing that was performed for analyzing the alkali-silica reactivity of ULHS in cement slurries. Laboratory testing during the tenth quarter focused on evaluation of the alkali-silica reaction of eight different cement compositions, four of which contain ULHS. The original laboratory procedure for measuring set cement expansion resulted in test specimen erosion that was unacceptable. A different expansion procedure is being evaluated. This report provides a progress summary of ASR testing. The testing program initiated in November produced questionable initial results so the procedure was modified slightly and the testing was reinitiated. The results obtained with the modified procedure showed improvement over data obtained with the original procedure, but questionable data were obtained from several of the compositions. Additional modification of test procedures for compositions containing TXI Lightweight cement are being implemented and testing is ongoing.
A New Tempering Parameter and Its Application to the Integration of Tempering Effect of Continuous Heat Cycle (1980)

A new tempering parameter (λ-value) has been defined basing on Arrhenius' equation so as to express the degree of tempering and to maintain the equivalence of time and temperature over a wide range of tempering conditions. Activation energy of the tempering process governing the changes in such mechanical properities as tensile and yield strength and hardness was determined by using a plain carbon steel and low alloy steels containing manganese, chromium and molybdenum. The activation energies obtained were to be 70 kcal/mol (295 kJ/mol) in carbon steel and about 100 kcal/mol (420 kJ/mol) in Cr-Mo steel, increasing with alloy contents.Using these activation energies, mechanical properties of tempered steel can be approximately expressed as a function of λ-value in a linear fashion for any combination of temperature and time, ranging from 400 °C to 700 °C and from 0.01 h to 1000 h, respectively.In addition, making use of the parameter, an analytical method of tempering effect is applied to a practical heat program by summarization of the tempering effects of two individual processes or integration of the tempering effect over a whole process of heat cylce in which temperature steadily changes. Predicted mechanical properties by this method were in good accordance with observed values.
Improving English-to-Chinese translation for technical terms using morphological information (2008)

The continuous emergence of new techni-cal terms and the difficulty of keeping up with neologism in parallel corpora deterio-rate the performance of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems. This paper ex-plores the use of morphological information to improve English-to-Chinese translation for technical terms. To reduce the morpheme-level translation ambiguity, we group the mor-phemes into morpheme phrases and propose the use of domain information for translation candidate selection. In order to find corre-spondences of morpheme phrases between the source and target languages, we propose an al-gorithm to mine morpheme phrase translation pairs from a bilingual lexicon. We also build a cascaded translation model that dynamically shifts translation units from phrase level to word and morpheme phrase levels. The exper-imental results show the significant improve-ments over the current phrase-based SMT sys-tems. 1
TIME AVERAGE HOLOGRAPHY EXTENDED (1969)

It is demonstrated that the usefulness of time-average holography in analyzing vibration can be extended by modulating the reference beam.
Effect of temperature on soybean seed constituents: Oil, protein, moisture, fatty acids, amino acids and sugars (1982)

Abstract Soybean plants were grown at day/night temperatures of 24/19 C until the beginning of seed development, and then transferred to 5 different temperature regimes (18/13, 24/19, 27/22, 30/25 and 33/28 C) in the CSIRO phytotron. Mature seeds that developed under these conditions were analyzed for variances in composition. Fatty acid composition was strongly affected by temperature: linolenic and linoleic acids decreased markedly whereas oleic acid increased as the temperature increased; palmitic and stearic acids remained unchanged. Oil content was positively correlated with temperature, and protein content increased at the highest temperature. Of the sugars analyzed, sucrose concentration decreased by 56% with a 15 C increase in temperature, and stachyose showed a slight reduction; other sugars remained unchanged. Amino acid composition was generally stable; however, methionine increased with increased temperature during seed development. Moisture content was unaffected.
Mild Induced Hypertension Improves Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism in Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia (2008)

Our data suggest that mild induced hypertension increases collateral cerebral blood flow and oxygenation and improves cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in the core and penumbra, supporting its use as bridging therapy in acute ischemic stroke until arterial recanalization is achieved.
New Green-function formalism for surface optics (1987)

A new Green-function formalism is developed for calculating fields generated by sources in the presence of a multilayer geometry. The approach is to formulate the problem immediately in terms of s- and p-polarized waves generated, so that the calculation of the effect of interfaces proceeds by the introduction of Fresnel reflection and transmission coefficients and parallels the simple physical picture of light progressing through the structure.
Temporary bond-debond process for manufacture of flexible electronics: Impact of adhesive and carrier properties on performance (2010)

Manufacturing of microelectronics on flexible substrates is challenged by difficulties in maintaining alignment and conformity of the substrate through deposition, patterning, and etch processes. To address these difficulties, a temporary bond-debond method has been developed for effective automated handling of flexible substrate systems during electronics fabrication. The flexible substrate is temporarily bonded to a rigid carrier, which provides structural support and suppresses bending during processing. The photolithographic alignment of the bonded system is strongly dependent upon the viscoelastic properties of the bonding adhesive. An additional challenge is to control the stress developed during processing; these stresses evolve predominately through thermomechanical property mismatches between the carrier and flexible substrate. To investigate the role of the thermomechanical properties of the carrier and adhesive, the stress, and subsequent bowing of bonded systems (flexible substrate-adhesive-carrier) is examined systematically using different carriers and adhesives. Excellent registration of the flexible circuitry fabricated on the bonded system with low stress can be achieved by using a viscoelastic adhesive with a low loss factor (tan δ) and a carrier with high modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion that is closely matched to the flexible substrate. This bond-debond process enables the high yield fabrication of flexible microelectronics on plastic substrates.
Ligand-induced signal transduction within heterodimeric GABA <sub>B</sub> receptor (2001)

gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABA(B)) receptors, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for GABA, are obligate heterodimers of two homologous subunits, GB1 and GB2. Typical for family C GPCRs, the N termini of both GB1 and GB2 contain a domain with homology to bacterial periplasmic amino acid-binding proteins (PBPs), but only the GB1 PBP-like domain binds GABA. We found that both GB1 and GB2 extracellular N termini are required for normal coupling of GABA(B) receptors to their physiological effectors, G(i) and G protein-activated K(+) channels (GIRKs). Receptors with two GB2 N termini did not respond to GABA, whereas receptors with two GB1 N termini showed increased basal activity and responded to GABA with inhibition, rather than activation, of GIRK channels. This GABA-induced GIRK current inhibition depended on GABA binding to the chimeric GB(1/2) subunit (the GB1 N-terminal domain attached to the heptahelical domain of GB2), rather than the wild-type GB1 subunit. Interestingly, receptors with reciprocal exchange of N-terminal domains between the subunits were functionally indistinguishable from wild-type receptors. We also found that peptide linkers between GB1 and GB2 PBP-like domains and respective heptahelical domains could be altered without affecting receptor function. This finding suggests that other contacts between the PBP-like and heptahelical domains underlie ligand-induced signal transduction, a finding likely to be relevant for all family C GPCRs.
Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (2006)

The aim of this new statement is to provide comprehensive and timely evidence-based recommendations on the prevention of ischemic stroke among survivors of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Evidence-based recommendations are included for the control of risk factors, interventional approaches for atherosclerotic disease, antithrombotic treatments for cardioembolism, and the use of antiplatelet agents for noncardioembolic stroke. Further recommendations are provided for the prevention of recurrent stroke in a variety of other specific circumstances, including arterial dissections; patent foramen ovale; hyperhomocysteinemia; hypercoagulable states; sickle cell disease; cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; stroke among women, particularly with regard to pregnancy and the use of postmenopausal hormones; the use of anticoagulation after cerebral hemorrhage; and special approaches for the implementation of guidelines and their use in high-risk populations.
Chemical reconstruction of skin scars therapy using 100% trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of atrophic facial post varicella scars: A pilot study (2013)

CROSS technique using 100% TCA is a safe, cheap and effective therapy for the treatment of post varicella scars.
<i>N,N</i>′-Bis(2-pyridylethyl)oxamide (2002)

The molecular structure of the title compound, C16H18N4O2, adopts the trans conformation, and has an inversion center at the midpoint of the C—C bond in the oxamidate plane. The two phenyl planes are parallel, while the dihedral angle between the oxamidate plane and the phenyl ring is 2.5 (2)°.
Two algorithms for a reachability problem in one-dimensional space (1998)

Two algorithms are proposed to solve a reachability problem among time-dependent obstacles in 1D space. In the first approach, the motion planning problem is reduced to a path existence problem in a directed graph. The algorithm is very simple, with running time O(n/sup 2/), where n is the complexity of obstacles in space-time. The second algorithm uses a sweep-line technique and has running time O(n log/sub 2/ n). Besides, the latter algorithm can be easily modified to compute a collision-free trajectory, if such trajectories exist.
Left minineglect in dyslexic adults (2001)

We searched for a core mechanism underlying the diverse behavioural and sensorimotor deficits in dyslexic subjects. In psychophysical temporal order judgement and line motion illusion tasks, adult dyslexics processed stimuli in the left visual hemifield significantly (approximately 15 ms) more slowly than normal readers, indicating a left-sided 'minineglect'. Furthermore, abrupt stimuli captured attention in both visual hemifields less effectively in dyslexics than in normal readers. These abnormalities could reflect right parietal lobe hypofunction, a consequence of a general magnocellular deficit demonstrated previously. Based on these and previous data, we propose a causal chain which could result in several sensory and cognitive deficits observed in dyslexic subjects.
Designing an effective international aviation security system (1993)

International reform of aviation security is vital in the light of continuing vulnerability to sabotage bombing and other threats. Radical innovation and broad vision are needed to design an effective system, but it is feasible. (Many predicted that the US anti‐hijack measures introduced in 1972 would be unworkable: in fact they were highly successful.) The author argues for enhanced security coordination at national and international levels, especially in the fields of counter‐terrorism intelligence, radically enhanced explosive detection systems, airport security procedures, and security staff quality, and a major programme to help poorer countries to upgrade their airport security.
A novel three-dimensional auxetic lattice meta-material with enhanced stiffness (2017)

This paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) lattice meta-material made by extending the existing two-dimensional enhanced auxetic model to a 3D one. With narrow ribs embedded into every cell of the typical 3D re-entrant honeycomb (TRH), the new structure can also be considered as an enhanced design of the TRH. A combination of theoretical and numerical analysis is carried out to gain a deeper understanding of the elastic behavior of the new 3D structure and its dependence on the geometric parameters. The new structure is proved analytically and numerically to exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio, while its Young's modulus is significantly improved compared to that of the TRH. It is remarkable that the Young's modulus of the new structure increases linearly with the relative density while an approximate square relation is found between that of the THR and the relative density, which reveals that the dominated deformation model of the micro-structures has been changed by the embedded ribs from bending to stretching. The present layout may be promising for some special applications due to its superior performance and may provide a new concept for the optimization design of 3D auxetic materials, whose stiffness is relatively low.
Measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O Vapor Exchange in Spinach Leaf Discs (1983)

A leaf chamber has been designed which allows the measurement of both CO(2) and water vapor exchange in Spinacia oleracea leaf discs. The center of the disc lies within a cylindrical gas chamber and its margins are enclosed within a cavity through which water or various metabolites can be pumped. In saturating light and normal atmospheres, the leaf discs have a relatively low resistance to H(2)O vapor transfer (r(w) = 1.87 seconds per centimeter) and can support high rates of photosynthesis for several hours. The abaxial surface of a disc had a higher resistance to water vapor transfer (r(w) = 3.22 seconds per centimeter) than the adaxial (r(w) = 2.45 seconds per centimeter) despite having a higher stomatal frequency (abaxial, 105/square millimeter; adaxial, 58/square millimeter). In 2% O(2), the discs required an internal concentration of CO(2) of 115 microliters per liter to support one-half of the maximal velocity of apparent photosynthesis (average value, 66 milligrams CO(2) per square decimeter per hour). In 20% O(2), the comparable values are 156 microliters per liter and 56 milligrams CO(2) per square decimeter per hour. In air, apparent photosynthesis saturated at intensities (750 microeinsteins per square meter per second) well below that of daylight but, when the internal CO(2) was raised to 700 to 900 microliters per liter, photosynthesis was not saturated even at daylight intensities (2025 microeinsteins per square meter per second). The distribution of Prussian blue crystals, formed after ferrocyanide feeding, showed that water entered the disc via the vasculature. When 25-minute pulses of orthophosphate were provided in the feeding solution, there were concentration-dependent increases in both r(w) and r(m) leading to inhibition of photosynthesis. The orthophosphate-dependent inhibitions were reversible.
Application of head-up displays for in-vehicle navigation/route guidance (2002)

The paper first discusses using HUDs for in-vehicle navigation/route guidance systems based on the results of preliminary experiments. It then discusses how and what kinds of information should be displayed by HUDs to assure ease of recognition by the driver. Finally, based on these considerations, a HUD system is proposed as a visual interface for future in-vehicle navigation/route guidance systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>