gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L'évolution des tissus urbains à Paris et à Londres pendant les années 80 (Urban change in Paris and London during the eigthies) (1995)

Abstract. - The evolution of the urban fabric during the 80s is largely depending on the planning policies defined during the 70s . However, in Paris as in London, there is a crucial role of commercial estate, mainly offices in London, both offices and cultural buildings in Paris, in the urban change, and this is specific to the 80s. The evolution of housing and residential areas is more different from one case to the other, depending on the public policies, but the question is more complicated as it seems.
Targeting cancer metabolism by simultaneously disrupting parallel nutrient access pathways (2016)

Oncogenic mutations drive anabolic metabolism, creating a dependency on nutrient influx through transporters, receptors, and macropinocytosis. While sphingolipids suppress tumor growth by downregulating nutrient transporters, macropinocytosis and autophagy still provide cancer cells with fuel. Therapeutics that simultaneously disrupt these parallel nutrient access pathways have potential as powerful starvation agents. Here, we describe a water-soluble, orally bioavailable synthetic sphingolipid, SH-BC-893, that triggers nutrient transporter internalization and also blocks lysosome-dependent nutrient generation pathways. SH-BC-893 activated protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), leading to mislocalization of the lipid kinase PIKfyve. The concomitant mislocalization of the PIKfyve product PI(3,5)P2 triggered cytosolic vacuolation and blocked lysosomal fusion reactions essential for LDL, autophagosome, and macropinosome degradation. By simultaneously limiting access to both extracellular and intracellular nutrients, SH-BC-893 selectively killed cells expressing an activated form of the anabolic oncogene Ras in vitro and in vivo. However, slower-growing, autochthonous PTEN-deficient prostate tumors that did not exhibit a classic Warburg phenotype were equally sensitive. Remarkably, normal proliferative tissues were unaffected by doses of SH-BC-893 that profoundly inhibited tumor growth. These studies demonstrate that simultaneously blocking parallel nutrient access pathways with sphingolipid-based drugs is broadly effective and cancer selective, suggesting a potential strategy for overcoming the resistance conferred by tumor heterogeneity.
Compact hollow fiber compression scheme for multi-mJ pulse generation (2010)

Circularly polarized, 25 fs 5 mJ pulses generated at a repetition rate of 1 kHz from a two-stage chirped pulse amplifier were spectrally broadened by means of nonlinear propagation in a Ne-filled hollow fiber. Subsequent compression with dispersive mirrors resulted in 5.2 fs, 1.7 mJ pulses. After recompression an all-reflective achromatic phase retarder was used to obtain linear polarization.
Influence of Age on Lipase, Amylase, and Protease Activities in Pancreatic Tissue and Intestinal Contents of Young Turkeys (1989)

Day-old male turkeys were fed either a reference diet with 12% sucrose or experimental diets with 12% tallow or 12% animal-vegetable blend (A-V fat) replacing sucrose until 56 days of age. Poults were sampled at 1 day of age and every 2 to 7 days thereafter for determination of enzyme activities of pancreas and contents of the proximal one-fourth of the small intestine. In pancreatic tissue, trypsin, protease, and lipase activities increased with age after a lag period of about 14 days. Amylase activity increased rapidly during the first 14 days. In intestinal contents, trypsin, protease, and amylase increased from Day 1 until Day 21. Development of intestinal lipase activity seemed to depend on dietary fat level. Low activities were observed with low fat diets throughout the study. With high fat diets, a lag period of about 3 wk was followed by a five-fold increase in lipase activity.
Idle-signal casting multiple access with collision detection (ICMA-CD) for land mobile radio (1987)

A population of mobile terminals communicating with a central station over a packet-switched multiple-access radio channel is investigated. In land mobile radio communication, in which terminals cannot sense the carrier transmitted from other terminals (either because they are out-of-range or obstructed), a central controlled multiple access system in which a central station broadcasts idle/busy information of the access channel is used for multiplexing the packets from the terminals. Idle-signal casting multiple access (ICMA), which is a practical application of this central controlled system, has been used in the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corp. (NTT) mobile phone system for some years. ICMA-CD, which is an advanced ICMA scheme characterized by collision detection and evaluates its improved throughput, channel capacity and loss probability in a mobile radio fading environment with restrictions on retransmission, is proposed. It is clarified that ICMA-CD is suitable for the mobile multiple access scheme, especially in the case where packet detection delay and collision recovery time are short and offered traffic is heavy.
Current-Mode Analog Fuzzy Hardware with Voltage Input Interface and Normalization Locked Loop (1992)

A voltage-input current-output membership function circuit (MFC) and a normalization locked loop (NLL) are proposed. They are useful building blocks for current-mode analog fuzzy hardware. The voltage-input current-output MFC consists of two-source-coupled-type operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The MFC is used in the input parts of the analog fuzzy hardware system. The fuzzy hardware system can execute the singleton fuzzy control algorithm. In the algorithm, the weighted average operation is processed. When the weighted average operation is directly realized by analog circuits, a divider must be implemented. The NLL circuit, which can process the weighted average operation without the divider, is implemented using a one-source-coupled OTA. The proposed circuits were designed by using 2- mu m CMOS design rules and their operations were confirmed using SPICE simulations. >
A New Set of Sixth-Order Vented-Box Loudspeaker System Alignments (1975)

A new and useful set of low-frequency assisted alignments contain Thiele&apos;s sixth-order Butterworth (B6)alignment as a central member. The new alignments provide the same low cutoff with moderate amplifier boost (+6 dB) and low out-of-band driver excursion as the assisted B6 alignment 15 of Thiele. The method of alignment generation is based on shifts of driver suspension compliance. INTRODUCTION: Thiele, in his monumental work on and [3, p. 254] suggested to the writer a new method of vented-box loudspeaker systems [1], describes several alignment generation. This method is used here to generate classes of sixth-order high-pass vented-system alignments a series of alignments, based on the ThieleB6 alignment 15, which require the use of auxiliary second-order high-pass which possess all the basic advantages of that alignment but filters as part of their concept. HisB6 class I alignment 15 is allow a wide choice of driver compliance. All the new
Saturday p. m. release, April 27 [1956] (press release) (1956)

This item contains 1 PDF file. 

This typed press release centers on the parade for the 1956 Mock Convention . The two-mile long parade will feature Virginia Military Institute's marching band, Senator Alben W. Barkley of Kentucky, and Miss America of 1956, Miss Sharon Kay Ritchie of Denver, Colorado.
Oxygen chemisorption compressor study for cryogenic Joule-Thomson refrigeration (1988)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Is a Novel Stimulator of Glucose Uptake and Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Cells (2008)

Skeletal muscle plays a major role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Active hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is present in the extracellular matrix in skeletal muscle. However, the effects of HGF on glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle are completely unknown. We therefore examined the effects of HGF on deoxyglucose uptake (DOGU), glucose utilization, and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in skeletal muscle cells. HGF significantly enhanced DOGU in mouse soleus muscles in vitro. Furthermore, HGF significantly increased: (i) DOGU in a time- and dose-dependent manner; (ii) glucose utilization; and (iii) plasma membrane expression of Glut-1 and Glut-4 in the rat skeletal muscle model of L6 myotubes. HGF-mediated effect on DOGU was dependent on the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. On the other hand, HGF markedly and significantly decreased FAO in L6 myotubes without affecting the activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and II. Collectively, these results indicate that HGF is a potent activator of glucose transport and metabolism and also a strong inhibitor of FAO in rodent myotubes. HGF, through its ability to stimulate glucose transport and metabolism and to impair FAO, may participate in the regulation of glucose disposal in skeletal muscle.
Molecular Potential Structures of Heat-Treated Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorn Assemblies (2001)

The microporosity of the heat-treated single-wall carbon nanohorn (SWNH) particles is characterized by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K and the molecular potential calculation using the function, which is based on the Lennard-Jones pair potential. The depth difference of the molecular potential for N2 between the SWNH intraparticle pore and the interparticle space is close to 1000 K. Although the SWNH without the heat-treatment has no open intra-nanohorn space, the intraparticle pores open with the high-temperature treatment in O2. The heat-treatment at 693 K opens almost perfectly the intraparticle pores, leading to 0.47 mL g-1 of the micropore volume and 1010 m2 g-1 of the specific surface area. The subtraction of the N2 adsorption isotherm of the SWNH from that of the SWNH treated at 693 K gave the N2 adsorption isotherm only in the intraparticle pore spaces. The adsorption sites derived from the difference adsorption isotherm are assigned to the pores having different interaction potentials.
Mechanism of Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest in Vascular Smooth Muscle (2002)

Reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) can positively and negatively modulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth. To investigate these paradoxical effects of H(2)O(2), we examined its effect on apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and cell cycle proteins. High concentrations of H(2)O(2) (500 microM to 1 mM) induced apoptosis, whereas moderate concentrations (100 microM) caused cell cycle arrest in G1. H(2)O(2) (100 microM) blocked serum-stimulated cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2) activity, but not CDK4 activity, suggesting that cell cycle arrest occurred in part by inhibiting CDK2 activity. The serum-induced increase in cyclin A mRNA was also completely suppressed by H(2)O(2), whereas cyclin D1 mRNA was not affected. In addition, H(2)O(2) caused a dramatic increase in expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 mRNA (9.67 +/- 0.94-fold at 2 h) and protein (8.75 +/- 0.08-fold at 8 h), but no change in p27 protein. Finally, H(2)O(2 )transiently increased p53 protein levels (3.16 +/- 1.2-fold at 2 h). Thus, whereas high levels of H(2)O(2) induce apoptosis, moderate concentrations of H(2)O(2) coordinate a set of molecular events leading to arrest of VSMCs at the G1/S checkpoint of the cell cycle. These results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying positive and negative regulation of VSMC growth by H(2)O(2) in vascular disease.
Use of the synthetic superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic EUK‐134 to compensate for seasonal antioxidant deficiency by reducing pre‐existing lipid peroxides at the human skin surface (2004)

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in UV-exposed skin is believed to contribute to the photoaging process. The stratum corneum (SC) contains a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants to protect against various environmental sources of free radicals. We have previously shown a seasonal variation in SC catalase activity with strong deactivation in sun-exposed skin in the summer, whereas SC superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity remained intact in those conditions. This potentially leads to the local overproduction of H(2)O(2). The oxidized lipid squalene hydroperoxide accumulates at the surface of sun-exposed skin in the summer and upon exposure to ultravoilet A (UVA) doses as low as 0.1 J cm(-2) and adequate protection against excessive lipid peroxidation at times of UV exposure should be aimed for. We have been using the induction of lipid hydroperoxides at the skin surface by a single dose of UVA (1 J cm(-2)) as a model system to evaluate the protective effect of antioxidants in vivo. Topical treatment with the synthetic SOD/catalase mimetic molecule (EUK-134) 1 h before UVA exposure reduced the level of lipid peroxides at the surface of UVA-exposed skin but also baseline peroxide levels on non-irradiated skin were reduced in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast to alpha-tocopherol, EUK-134 even reduced the level of lipid peroxides at the surface of UVA-exposed skin when it was applied after irradiation. We confirmed that this salen-manganese complex was able to reduce squalene hydroperoxide levels in vitro, suggesting peroxidase-like activity towards organic peroxides. These data support the concept that the synthetic SOD/catalase mimetic EUK-134 might be able to compensate for seasonal deficiencies in antioxidant defense capacity at the skin surface, thereby contributing to an optimal protection of the skin against the accumulation of oxidative damage.
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of Peripheral Nerve (2001)

As a rule, juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a cutaneous lesion most often occurring in infancy. An inflammatory process of unknown etiology, it is self-limited and benign in nature. The spectrum of JXG has expanded to include adult examples, multifocal lesions, and ones arising at extracutaneous locations. Although a variety of extracutaneous sites may be affected, few reported lesions have involved cranial or peripheral nerves. Solitary examples have been reported in trigeminal nerve and spinal nerve root; affected individuals were children or adolescents. An optic nerve lesion has also been described. We describe two additional cases of JXG of nerve. One patient developed multiple dorsal nerve root lesions, as well as skin involvement. The other case featured isolated involvement of the left radial nerve. Both patients were adults with no known underlying systemic disorder. These cases further expand the spectrum of extracutaneous JXG, and underscore its consideration in the differential of nerve "tumors."
Natural language processing‐based assessment of consistency in summaries of product characteristics of generic antimicrobials (2018)

To investigate consistency in summaries of product characteristics (SmPCs) of generic antimicrobials, we used natural language processing (NLP) to analyze and compare large amounts of text quantifying consistency between original and generic SmPCs. We manually compared each section of generic and original SmPCs for antimicrobials listed in the electronic Medicines Compendium in the United Kingdom, focusing on omissions and additions of clinically significant information (CSI). Independently, we quantified differences between the original and generic SmPCs using Kachako, a fully automatic NLP platform. Among the 137 antimicrobials listed in the electronic Medicines Compendium, we identified 193 pairs of original and generic antimicrobial SmPCs for the 48 antimicrobials for which generic SmPCs existed. Of these 193 pairs, 157 (81%) were consistent and 36 were inconsistent with the original SmPC. When the cut-off value of RATE (the index of similarity between two SmPCs) was set at 0.860, our NLP system effectively discriminated consistent generic SmPCs with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 61%. We observed CSI omissions but not additions in the SmPC subsection related to pharmacokinetic properties. CSI additions but not omissions were found in the subsections dealing with therapeutic indications and fertility, pregnancy and lactation. Despite regulatory guidance, we observed substantial inconsistencies in the information in the United Kingdom SmPCs for antimicrobials. NLP technology proved to be a useful tool for checking large numbers of SmPCs for consistency.
MEASURING CORTICAL ACTIVITY DURINGAUDITORY PROCESSING WITH FUNCTIONALNEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (2018)

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical, non-invasive neuroimaging technique that investigates human brain activity by calculating concentrations of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. The aim of this publication is to review the current state of the art as to how fNIRS has been used to study auditory function. We address temporal and spatial characteristics of the hemodynamic response to auditory stimulation as well as experimental factors that affect fNIRS data such as acoustic and stimulus-driven effects. The rising importance that fNIRS is generating in auditory neuroscience underlines the strong potential of the technology, and it seems likely that fNIRS will become a useful clinical tool.
Breakthroughs in Photonics 2013: Photoacoustic Tomography in Biomedicine (2014)

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging modalities in the last decade. Building on its high scalability and complementary imaging contrast to other mainstream modalities, PAT has gained substantial momentum in both preclinical and clinical studies. In 2013, PAT has grown markedly in both its technological capabilities and biomedical applications. In particular, breakthroughs have been made in super-resolution imaging, deep blood flow measurement, small animal resting state brain mapping, video rate functional human imaging, and human breast imaging. These breakthroughs have either successfully solved long-standing technical issues in PAT or significantly enhanced its imaging capability. This Review will summarize state-of-the-art developments in PAT and highlight a few representative achievements of the year 2013.
FFT with reduced coefficient storage requirement (2002)

The factorization of the Fourier coefficients in the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is reexamined. The author presents a modified radix-2 FFT where the coefficient storage requirement is reduced by close to 50% if the coefficient memory cycle is half that of the operation cycle. This refactorization of the FFT coefficient is a generalization of the decimation in time (DIT) and decimation in frequency (DIF) FFT algorithms. The DIT and DIF are the two extremes of FFT twiddle coefficient factorization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Downregulation of Immunosuppressive Molecules, PD-1 and PD-L1 but not PD-L2, in the Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. (2016)

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, have been regarded as important immune system regulatory molecules. The aberrant expression of the molecules has been related to several autoimmune disorders. This study is aimed to assess the mRNA expression level of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 molecules in the peripheral blood mononuclear mells (PBMCs) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. PBMCs were isolated from the whole blood of 50 MS and 50 healthy individuals. Total RNA content of the leukocytes was extracted. Then, cDNA was synthesized from the extracted RNA. Afterwards, quantitative analysis of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 was carried out through Real Time PCR using the TaqMan gene expression assays. Relative expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in PBMCs from MS patients was significantly lower compared with the healthy control group (p=0.003 and 0.012, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed in the expression level of PD-L2 between patients and healthy individuals. Relative expression of PD-1 correlated with expanded disability status scale score (EDSS) of the patients (r=-0.763, p=0.008). Downregulation of the immunosuppressive molecules, PD-1 and PD-L1, may imply that over-activation of immune cells in multiple sclerosis occurs through signaling dysfunction of these molecules and PD-L2 plays no important role in this context.
Effect of iron chelation on the in-vitro growth of leishmania promastigotes (1995)

The development of vaccines and drugs to control leishmaniasis is urgently needed. The presence of a leishmania transferrin receptor on the parasite suggests that an adequate supply of iron is needed for the life cycle of leishmania. We have investigated the effect of iron deprivation on the growth of leishmania promastigotes in vitro using an iron chelation approach. All chelators tested reduced the rate of promastigote multiplication in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas referrated ones did not. The hydroxypyridin-4-one chelators CP94 and L1 were found to be more efficient than desferrioxamine. We suggest that iron depletion may be an effective mechanism against leishmania infection.
A time‐based adaptive retry strategy for video streaming in 802.11 WLANs (2007)

Abstract Video streaming over time‐varying, error‐prone wireless LANs (WLANs) poses many challenges. One problem is that WLANs are designed without awareness of the characteristics of application data, which causes performance degradation in a noisy or congested environment. In this paper, we propose a time‐based adaptive retry (TAR) mechanism for MPEG‐like video streaming over 802.11 wireless networks. TAR dynamically determines whether to send or discard a packet based on its retransmission deadline instead of adopting a static retry limit uniformly over all the packets. Our approach can adapt the retry limit for each individual packet, thus providing indirect unequal error protection over different types of video frames. Analytical and simulation results show that TAR significantly improves video quality and saves channel bandwidth. We also describe a preliminary software‐based implementation of TAR and use it to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 in a proton conducting solid oxide electrolyser (2010)

Synthetic hydrocarbon fuels from CO2/H2O are proposed as alternatives to hydrogen as an energy carrier to enable a carbon neutral energy cycle, given their inherent advantages of high H/C ratio and convenience of storage and transportation. Here we demonstrate the successful electrochemical reduction of CO2 into CO and CH4 in a proton conducting solid oxide electrolyser based on BaCe0.5Zr0.3Y0.16Zn0.04O3 − δ (BCZYZ) electrolyte and a composite iron/iron oxide cathode. The production of CH4 and CO reaches 0.07 and 3.25 ml min−1 cm−2, respectively, with 1.5 A cm−2 at 614 °C. The overall CO2 conversion rate in the electrochemical reduction process is 65%.
Ceramide-binding and activation defines protein kinase c-Raf as a ceramide-activated protein kinase. (1996)

Interleukin 1 is the prototype of an inflammatory cytokine, and evidence suggests that it uses the sphingomyelin pathway and ceramide production to trigger mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and subsequent gene expression required for acute inflammatory processes. To identify downstream signaling targets of ceramide, a radioiodinated photoaffinity labeling analog of ceramide ([125I] 3-trifluoromethyl-3-(m-iodophenyl)diazirine-ceramide) was employed. It is observed that ceramide specifically binds to and activates protein kinase c-Raf, leading to a subsequent activation of the MAPK cascade. Ceramide does not bind to any other member of the MAPK module nor does it bind to protein kinase C-zeta. These data identify protein kinase c-Raf as a specific molecular target for interleukin 1 beta-stimulated ceramide formation and demonstrate that ceramide is a lipid cofactor participating in regulation of c-Raf activity.