gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Construction of Callback Model for Android Application (2016)

The heavy use of event-callback mechanism in frameworks like Android causes challenges for static analysis. Modelling of callback mechanisms for Android applications (app for short) is becoming a major method to address such challenges. In this work, we aim to construct a generic callback-related model that supports path-sensitive analysis. We consider three unresolved challenges in the existing modelling approaches: 1) building connections between different components; 2) identifying path-sensitive conditions; 3) handling the system-driven callbacks and fine-grained lifecycle callbacks. We propose algorithms for constructing a generic path-sensitive callback model and present a prototype model constructor, AndroChecker, to validate our approach. We evaluate 20 real-world apps using AndroChecker. The evaluation result shows that our method and tool have a strong capability in modelling path conditions and inter-component invocations.
Folding algorithm: a computational method for finite QBD processes with level-dependent transitions (1994)

This paper presents a new computational method for steady state analysis of finite quasi-birth-death (QBD) processes with level-dependent transitions. The QBD state space is defined in two-dimension with N phases and K levels. Instead of formulating solutions in matrix-geometric form, the Folding-algorithm provides a technique for direct computation of /spl pi/P=0, where P is the QBD generator which is an (NK)/spl times/(NK) matrix. Taking a finite sequence of fixed-cost binary reduction steps, the K-level matrix P is eventually reduced to a single-level matrix, from which a boundary vector is obtained. Each step halves the matrix size but keeps the QBD form. The solution /spl pi/ is expressed as a product of the boundary vector and a finite sequence of expansion factors. The time and space complexity for solving /spl pi/P=0 is therefore reduced from O(N/sup 3/K) and O(N/sup 2/K) to O(N/sup 3/ log/sub 2/ K) and O(N/sup 2/ log/sub 2/ K), respectively. The Folding-algorithm has a number of highly desirable advantages when it is applied to queueing analysis. First, the algorithm handles the multilevel control problem in finite buffer systems. Second, its total independence of the phase structure allows the algorithm to apply to more elaborate, multiple-state Markovian sources. Its computational efficiency, numerical stability and superior error performance are also distinctive advantages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of Nonaligned Double JPEG Compression Based on Integer Periodicity Maps (2011)

In this paper, a simple yet reliable algorithm to detect the presence of nonaligned double JPEG compression (NA-JPEG) in compressed images is proposed. The method evaluates a single feature based on the integer periodicity of the blockwise discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients when the DCT is computed according to the grid of the previous JPEG compression. Even if the proposed feature is computed relying only on DC coefficient statistics, a simple threshold detector can classify NA-JPEG images with improved accuracy with respect to existing methods and on smaller image sizes, without resorting to a properly trained classifier. Moreover, the proposed scheme is able to accurately estimate the grid shift and the quantization step of the DC coefficient of the primary JPEG compression, allowing one to perform a more detailed analysis of possibly forged images.
The Role of T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Therapies Targeting the T Cell Receptor (1994)

The cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown, but an immunopathological process with both endogenous and exogenous factors contributing to disease seems likely. Considerable recent attention, triggered predominantly by findings in the animal model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), which resembles MS, has focused on the role of T cells in MS. Findings in the animal model have raised the possibility that demyelination could be produced by CD4+ T cells specific for myelin proteins and expressing a limited set of T cell receptor (TCR) molecules. Thus, specific therapies targeting T cells or more specifically the TCR could represent an effective treatment of MS as has been demonstrated in EAE. However, current studies of patients with MS indicate that the immunological mechanisms in MS are considerably more complicated than in EAE. The evidence for a pivotal role for T cells in MS and the characteristics of these T cells particularly with respect to TCR usage and potential for therapies directed at the TCR will be examined in this review.
Microwave scattering model for grass blade structures (1993)

The EM scattering solution for a grass blade with complex cross-section geometry is considered. It was previously shown that the scattering solution for such problems, in the form of a polarizability tensor, can be obtained using the low-frequency approximation in conjunction with the method of moments. In addition, that study showed that the relationship between the polarizability tensor of a dielectric cylinder and its dielectric constant can be approximated by a simple algebraic expression. The results of that study are used to show that this algebraic approximation is valid also for cylinders with cross sections the shape of grass blades, providing that proper values are selected for each of three constants appearing in the expression. These constants are dependent on cylinder shape, and if the relationship between the constants and the three parameters describing a grass blade shape can be determined, an algebraic approximation relating polarizability tensor to blade shape, as well as dielectric constant, can be formed. This algebraic approximation can replace the cumbersome method of moments model. The moment method model is therefore used to generate a small but representative set of polarizability tensor data over the range of values commonly observed in nature. A conjugate gradient method is then implemented to correctly determine the three constants of the algebraic approximation for each blade shape. A third-order polynomial fit to the data is then determined for each constant, thus providing a complete analytic replacement to the numerical (moment method) scattering model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Noncyclic [10-<i>S</i>-5] Sulfuranide Dioxide Salts with Three S−C Bonds:  A New Class of Stable Hypervalent Compounds (2003)

Phenyl triflate reacts with CF3SiMe3/Q+F- (Q+ = [K(18-crown-6)]+, Me4N+) and (Me2N)3S+Me3SiF2- to afford the first noncyclic [10-S-5] sulfuranide dioxide salts, [(CF3)3SO2]-Q+, with three S-C bonds, whose molecular structure was determined by X-ray crystallography.
Hypomethylation is restricted to the D4Z4 repeat array in phenotypic FSHD (2007)

Our data suggest that in phenotypic FSHD hypomethylation is restricted to D4Z4 and that phenotypic FSHD and ICF do not share a defect in the same molecular pathway.
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Western Indian Type 2 Diabetic Population: A Hospital – based Cross – Sectional Study (2013)

This study concluded that prevalence of DR in type 2 DM patients of western India was 33.9% and that it increased with duration of diabetes. Associated hypertension is a risk factor for development of DR. It was further noted that proliferative DR was prevalent only after having diabetes for 11 years.
Effects of <scp>l</scp> -Arginine Infusion on Renal Hemodynamics in Patients With Mild Essential Hypertension (1995)

Previous studies have shown that endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide plays an important role in the regulation of systemic and renal hemodynamics. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endothelium-dependent renovascular relaxation was impaired in patients with mild essential hypertension who had normal renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. We evaluated the effects of intravenous administration of L-arginine on blood pressure and renal hemodynamics in 13 patients with mild essential hypertension and 15 normotensive control subjects. L-Arginine infusion (500 mg/kg over 30 minutes) reduced mean blood pressure (from 82.5 +/- 2.5 to 76.3 +/- 2.6 mm Hg in hypertensive patients and from 106.1 +/- 3.0 to 97.5 +/- 2.9 mm Hg in control subjects; P < .001) and renovascular resistance (from 0.084 +/- 0.009 to 0.067 +/- 0.009 mm Hg.mL-1.min-1.[1.48 m2]-1 and from 0.105 +/- 0.010 to 0.093 +/- 0.011 mm Hg.mL-1.min-1.[1.48 m2]-1, respectively; P < .001). L-Arginine infusion increased renal plasma flow (from 602 +/- 36 to 698 +/- 40 mL.min-1.[1.48 m2]-1, P < .05) in normotensive subjects but not in hypertensive subjects, and glomerular filtration rate was unaffected in both groups. Although the L-arginine-induced reduction in mean blood pressure was similar in both groups, the decline in renovascular resistance was smaller in hypertensive subjects. The response of renal plasma flow was also smaller in hypertensive subjects. These findings suggest that dysfunction of the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway exists in the renal circulation even in mild essential hypertension with normal renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Building Block Approach for the Design of Statically Balanced Compliant Mechanisms (2009)

Particularly when high-fidelity force feedback is required, such as in surgical forceps, the energy loss between input and output in compliant mechanisms is undesired. To restore the force feedback, the principle of static balancing can be applied, where a balancing segment with a negative stiffness is added to a compliant mechanism. Currently there are no mature methods for the design of statically balanced compliant mechanisms (SBCM). The goal of this paper is to investigate the possibility of extending the Building Block Approach for the design of statically balanced compliant mechanisms. To this end, the Building Block Approach is extended with negative stiffness balancing building blocks that can be added to a designed compliant mechanism. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method, a statically balanced compliant gripper was designed by this Extended Building Block Approach. The maximum operating force of the unbalanced gripper of 3.5 N was reduced to −1 N for the balanced gripper. Thus, the gripper is slightly overbalanced. The gripper example demonstrates the functionality of the proposed method; the input-output stiffness of a compliant mechanism can be severely reduced by a balancing segment.
Evaluation of new piezoelectric composite materials for hydrophone applications (1986)

Polymer-ceramic composites with different connectivity designs have been developed. The piezoelectric d and g coefficients of these composites in hydrostatic mode were characterized as a function of pressure, temperature, and frequency. All composite samples exhibited piezoelectric properties greatly improved over those of conventional piezoelectric ceramics. However, the introduction of soft polymer matrix caused the composite properties to be highly pressure-dependent. The effect of reinforced polymer matrix on the temperature and pressure dependences of the piezoelectric coefficients was also investigated. Prototype hydrophones containing the composite samples were designed and evaluated for their free-field voltage sensitivity. The potential use of polymer-ceramic composites for underwater acoustic applications is discussed.
High-Energy MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanowire/Graphene and Graphene Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitors (2010)

In order to achieve high energy and power densities, we developed a high-voltage asymmetric electrochemical capacitor (EC) based on graphene as negative electrode and a MnO(2) nanowire/graphene composite (MGC) as positive electrode in a neutral aqueous Na(2)SO(4) solution as electrolyte. MGC was prepared by solution-phase assembly of graphene sheets and α-MnO(2) nanowires. Such aqueous electrolyte-based asymmetric ECs can be cycled reversibly in the high-voltage region of 0-2.0 V and exhibit a superior energy density of 30.4 Wh kg(-1), which is much higher than those of symmetric ECs based on graphene//graphene (2.8 Wh kg(-1)) and MGC//MGC (5.2 Wh kg(-1)). Moreover, they present a high power density (5000 W kg(-1) at 7.0 Wh kg(-1)) and acceptable cycling performance of ∼79% retention after 1000 cycles. These findings open up the possibility of graphene-based composites for applications in safe aqueous electrolyte-based high-voltage asymmetric ECs with high energy and power densities.
Interallelic complementation in an inborn error of metabolism: genetic heterogeneity in argininosuccinate lyase deficiency. (1984)

We used complementation analysis as a probe for the detection of genetic heterogeneity within a single locus affected in a human disease, argininosuccinate lyase (L-argininosuccinate arginine-lyase, EC 4.3.2.1) deficiency. Fibroblasts cultured from 28 unrelated patients were fused in all possible pairwise combinations, and the argininosuccinate lyase activity in heterokaryons was assayed by measuring the incorporation of 14C from L-[ureido-14C]citrulline into acid-precipitable material. Partial complementation was observed in fusions involving 20 of the 28 strains, with the lyase activity increasing from 2- to 10-fold. Thirteen of the mutants were identified by the complementation analysis as being phenotypically unique. Of the 20 complementing strains, 3 were remarkable because they participated in all but 2 of the 32 positive complementation tests; 2 others constituted a unique subgroup that produced the highest increases in argininosuccinate lyase activity of all fusions. The 8 strains that did not complement any others consisted of two types: 3 mutants with the highest residual argininosuccinate lyase activity of all strains and 5 mutants with low residual activity. All of the mutants mapped to a single major complementation group. The data could be summarized as a circular complementation map with an attached linear tail, the mutants being distributed among 12 subgroups in a complex pattern. We conclude that all of these mutants are affected at a single locus, that extensive genetic heterogeneity is present in the mutant population, and that the affected locus in argininosuccinate lyase deficiency is likely to be the structural gene coding for that enzyme.
Human Diseases with Defects in Oxidative Phosphorylation. 2. F1F0 ATP-Synthase Defects in Alzheimer Disease Revealed by Blue Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (1995)

F1F0 ATP-synthase (complex V) deficiencies in Alzheimer's disease are reported. Tissue specimens from the hippocampus of brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease were screened by blue native electrophoresis for alterations of the proteins of oxidative phosphorylation. Ubiquinol:cytochrome-c reductase (complex III) and cytochrome-c oxidase (complex IV) were found to be present at almost normal concentrations, however, complex V was substantially reduced in most cases studied. The specific reduction of complex V and the absence of electrophoretically detectable degradation products do not exclude a secondary defect of complex V, but should stimulate the search for genetic defects related to protein subunits of complex V.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin against three strains of Haemophilus influenzae by using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model (1994)

An in vitro pharmacodynamic model was used to simulate the in vivo pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin in order to generate time-kill curves for three clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (isolates 2019, 91-183, and 1746). Representative concentrations in serum or lung tissue and the pharmacokinetic parameters of clarithromycin and the 14-hydroxy metabolite, separately and in combination, were simulated for the time-kill studies. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was used as a control drug. The simulation of typical concentrations of the macrolides in serum in time-kill studies resulted in magnitudes of bacterial killing that were less than (for strains 2019 and 91-183, MICs = 4 mg/liter for clarithromycin and 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin) or equal to (for strain 1746, MIC = 1 mg/liter for clarithromycin and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin) those observed in amoxicillin-clavulanic acid studies. When typical concentrations in lung tissue were simulated, total log decreases in bacterial counts were greater than those achieved with typical concentrations in serum and, in the case of strain 1746, exceeded the magnitude observed with the control drug. In each case, the time to 3-log-unit killing was longer for the macrolides than for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Time-kill curve analyses demonstrated the presence of synergy (defined as a 2-log-unit decrease in the CFU per milliliter between the combination and the most active constituent at any time point) for the combination of clarithromycin and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin at simulated concentrations in serum for one strain of H. influenzae (isolate 91-183). Synergism is likely bacterial strain specific, and the presence of synergy may be dependent on the antibiotic concentrations that are tested. Evaluation of the kill curve kinetics in terms of bactericidal rate for the various starting concentrations of clarithromycin did not result in a clear demonstration of either concentration-dependent or concentration-independent bactericidal activity.
Assessment of Pancreatic &#946;-Cell Function: Review of Methods and Clinical Applications (2014)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by a progressive failure of pancreatic β-cell function (BCF) with insulin resistance. Once insulin over-secretion can no longer compensate for the degree of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia becomes clinically significant and deterioration of residual β-cell reserve accelerates. This pathophysiology has important therapeutic implications. Ideally, therapy should address the underlying pathology and should be started early along the spectrum of decreasing glucose tolerance in order to prevent or slow β-cell failure and reverse insulin resistance. The development of an optimal treatment strategy for each patient requires accurate diagnostic tools for evaluating the underlying state of glucose tolerance. This review focuses on the most widely used methods for measuring BCF within the context of insulin resistance and includes examples of their use in prediabetes and T2DM, with an emphasis on the most recent therapeutic options (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists). Methods of BCF measurement include the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA); oral glucose tolerance tests, intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT), and meal tolerance tests; and the hyperglycemic clamp procedure. To provide a meaningful evaluation of BCF, it is necessary to interpret all observations within the context of insulin resistance. Therefore, this review also discusses methods utilized to quantitate insulin-dependent glucose metabolism, such as the IVGTT and the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp procedures. In addition, an example is presented of a mathematical modeling approach that can use data from BCF measurements to develop a better understanding of BCF behavior and the overall status of glucose tolerance.
Application of Data Mining Technology Based on FRS and SVM for Fault Identification of Power Transformer (2009)

Data mining (DM) technology based on fuzzy rough set (FRS) and support vector machine (SVM) are presented to classify the fault of power transformer. Improper or inadequate dissolved gases analysis (DGA) data may lead to failure fault classification of power transformer. SVM, through statistical learning theory, provides a way of classification information by generating optimal kernel based representative DGA data. In order to make full use of the classification ability of SVM and improve the fault classification accuracy, FRS is used to pre-classify the transformer fault and the multi-level power transformer fault diagnosis model based on FRS and SVM was presented in this paper. By comparing with the traditional method like neural network, there is less fault data discriminated by FRS and SVM model and the accuracy for power transformer fault diagnosis is improved.
Monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic assay for enrofloxacin in biological matrices (2001)

Enrofloxacin has been increasingly used in veterinary medicine to treat microbial infections. A simple and reliable analytical method for this drug is required. The current determination by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is sensitive but labor-intensive. This paper reports an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) and the development of a rapid test kit based on immunochromatography. The detection limits using the ELISA were 10 ppb for chicken liver and muscle, and 1 ppb for cattle milk, respectively. The mean recovery values were 77.3-96.0% for chicken liver, 72.4-92.0% for chicken muscle and 84.0-99.0% for cattle milk. The detection limits using the kit were ca. 100 ppb for chicken muscle and ca. 10 ppb for cattle milk, respectively. All ELISA results for assay of chicken liver, chicken muscle and cattle milk were confirmed using HPLC which is used as the routine assay. The HPLC (x) and ELISA (y) results showed close correlation for chicken liver (y = 8.7 + 0.85x, r2 = 0.99, n = 25), chicken muscle (y = -3.9 + 0.94x, r2 = 0.98, n = 25) and cattle milk (y = 18.4 + 0.92x, r2 = 0.99, n = 25).
Probabilistic Models and Generative Neural Networks: Towards an Unified Framework for Modeling Normal and Impaired Neurocognitive Functions (2016)

Connectionist models can be characterized within the more general framework of probabilistic graphical models, which allow to efficiently describe complex statistical distributions involving a large number of interacting variables. This integration allows building more realistic computational models of cognitive functions, which more faithfully reflect the underlying neural mechanisms at the same time providing a useful bridge to higher-level descriptions in terms of Bayesian computations. Here we discuss a powerful class of graphical models that can be implemented as stochastic, generative neural networks. These models overcome many limitations associated with classic connectionist models, for example by exploiting unsupervised learning in hierarchical architectures (deep networks) and by taking into account top-down, predictive processing supported by feedback loops. We review some recent cognitive models based on generative networks, and we point out promising research directions to investigate neuropsychological disorders within this approach. Though further efforts are required in order to fill the gap between structured Bayesian models and more realistic, biophysical models of neuronal dynamics, we argue that generative neural networks have the potential to bridge these levels of analysis, thereby improving our understanding of the neural bases of cognition and of pathologies caused by brain damage.
A Mathematical Investigation (1987)

A Mathematical Investigation Get access W. SCOTT, FIMA W. SCOTT, FIMA Sixth Form CentreGadong, B.S.B., Brunei Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teaching Mathematics and its Applications: An International Journal of the IMA, Volume 6, Issue 4, 1987, Pages 144–147, https://doi.org/10.1093/teamat/6.4.144 Published: 01 December 1987