gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial layer enhancement of n-well guard rings for CMOS circuits (1983)

n-well guard rings have long been used for isolating potential electron injectors to avoid latch-up of CMOS circuits. Such guard rings are shown to be orders of magnitude more efficient for CMOS fabricated in an epitaxial layer (epi-CMOS) than for bulk (non-epi) CMOS. The maximum escape probability in epi-CMOS measures 3.9E-06 while for bulk CMOS it is 1.8E-02.
Resin type can have important effects on solid phase asymmetric alkylation reactions (1997)

A new N-propionylated oxazolidinone 1 is prepared; asymmetric alkylations of this auxiliary proceed with varying yields and enantioselectivities when supported on Merrifield, Wang and TentaGel R PHB resins.
Isolation of small protoplasts from Aspergillus niger. (1986)

Isolation of small protoplasts from Aspergillus niger.
Current Applications of MRI-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy in the Treatment of Brain Neoplasms and Epilepsy: A Radiologic and Neurosurgical Overview (2015)

Minimally invasive stereotactic tumor ablation is a viable option for the treatment of benign and malignant intracranial lesions. Although surgical excision constitutes first-line therapy for various brain pathologies, it can cause irreversible neurologic deficits. Additionally, many patients who may benefit from surgery do not qualify as surgical candidates due to multiple comorbidities. Recent advancements in laser interstitial thermal therapy, namely the ability to monitor ablation in real-time under MR imaging, have improved the safety and efficacy of the procedure. MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy is currently used as a minimally invasive treatment for brain metastases, radiation necrosis, glioma, and epilepsy. This article will discuss the principles, suggested indications, complications, and imaging characteristics of MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy as they pertain to the treatment of brain pathology.
Principal Points in Cementing Geothermal Wells (2013)

Geothermal energy is becoming an important source of energy and its importance will be increasing in the future. When we drill geothermal wells, we encounter high temperature zones and may also encounter high pressure areas. Cementing in high temperature environments such as geothermal wells is very challenging. The survey that was sent to High-Pressure-High-Temperature (HPHT) professionals at the HPHT Summit meeting in 2012, showed Cement Design is one of the biggest concerns for HPHT operations and it is one of their technology gaps. Temperatures as high as 200 °C-400 °C could destabilize the setting of the cement. If the well has both high temperature and high pressure, the cementing process becomes much more complex. This article discusses various aspects of cementing procedures and considerations for geothermal wells including cements design considerations, crucial problems, and some technology solutions. Key words : Geothermal energy; HPHT; Geothermal well
Tuning quantum nonlocal effects in graphene plasmonics (2017)

The response of electron systems to electrodynamic fields that change rapidly in space is endowed by unique features, including an exquisite spatial nonlocality. This can reveal much about the materials' electronic structure that is invisible in standard probes that use gradually varying fields. Here, we use graphene plasmons, propagating at extremely slow velocities close to the electron Fermi velocity, to probe the nonlocal response of the graphene electron liquid. The near-field imaging experiments reveal a parameter-free match with the full quantum description of the massless Dirac electron gas, which involves three types of nonlocal quantum effects: single-particle velocity matching, interaction-enhanced Fermi velocity, and interaction-reduced compressibility. Our experimental approach can determine the full spatiotemporal response of an electron system.
Monostatic and Bistatic Backscattering Measurements from the Deep Ocean Bottom (1971)

Monostatic and bistatic backscattering from the ocean bottom was measured at frequencies from 0.5 to 6.3 kHz at four stations in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. The data can be approximately described by Lambert's law of diffuse reflection at grazing angles below 50°. The average of the scattering constants 10 logμ measured for all frequencies is −29 dB.
Nitric oxides mediates a shift from early necrosis to late apoptosis in cytokine-treated β-cells that is associated with irreversible DNA damage (2009)

For many cell types, including pancreatic β-cells, nitric oxide is a mediator of cell death; however, it is paradoxical that for a given cell type nitric oxide can induce both necrosis and apoptosis. This report tests the hypothesis that cell death mediated by nitric oxide shifts from an early necrotic to a late apoptotic event. Central to this transition is the ability of β-cells to respond and repair nitric oxide-mediated damage. β-Cells have the ability to repair DNA that is damaged following 24-h incubation with IL-1; however, cytokine-induced DNA damage becomes irreversible following 36-h incubation. This irreversible DNA damage following 36-h incubation with IL-1 correlates with the activation of caspase-3 (cleavage and activity). The increase in caspase activity correlates with reductions in endogenous nitric oxide production, as nitric oxide is an inhibitor of caspase activity. In contrast, caspase cleavage or activation is not observed under conditions in which β-cells are capable of repairing damaged DNA (24-h incubation with cytokines). These findings provide evidence that β-cell death in response to cytokines shifts from an early necrotic process to apoptosis and that this shift is associated with irreversible DNA damage and caspase-3 activation.
Sending Mobile Software Activation Code by SMS Using Steganography (2007)

Now we are able to offer numerous softwares for mobile phones after the advances in mobile phone industry. Most of these softwares should be bought in order that we can use them. Some of these softwares are sharewares and after buying them you have to insert an activation code given by the manufacturing company based on your mobile IMEI code in order to activate the software. In this paper a new method is introduced for sending the mobile software activation code by SMS (Short Message Service). In this method the activation code is hidden in an SMS picture message by steganography method and sent to the user. The software extracting the activation code from the picture and compare it with the code which is generated based on the user's mobile phone IMEI code. If the codes are the same, the software is activated. Therefore the security of transferring the activation code is increased and if the SMS message is stolen, nobody can inform the activation code. This project is implemented in J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) language and tested on a Nokia N71 mobile phone.
Elevated cyclic AMP and PDE4 inhibition induce chemokine expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages (2009)

Macrophages are central mediators of the innate immune system that can be differentiated from monocytes upon exposure to cytokines. While increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels are known to inhibit many lipopolysaccharide-elicited macrophage inflammatory responses, the effects of elevated cAMP on monocyte/macrophage differentiation are not as well understood. We show here that during differentiation, cAMP agonists can cause a large increase in the mRNA and protein levels of several of the pro-inflammatory CXCL and CCL chemokines. The cAMP mediator-exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) contributes substantially to the increase in these chemokines. These chemokines are known to play an important role in the regulation of immune responses, particularly regarding the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. We also found that a selective cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitor can potentiate the chemokine expression elicited by low-dose forskolin or Prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)). These data suggest that chemokine receptor antagonists administered in conjunction with a PDE4 inhibitor may improve both the efficacy and safety of PDE4-inhibitor therapy for chronic inflammatory disorders.
A task oriented view of software visualization (2003)

A number of taxonomies to classify and categorize software visualization systems have been proposed in the past. Most notable are those presented by Price (1993) and Roman (1993). While these taxonomies are an accurate representation of software visualization issues, they are somewhat skewed with respect to current research areas on software visualization. We revisit this important work and propose a number of re-alignments with respect to addressing the software engineering tasks of large-scale development and maintenance. We propose a framework to emphasize the general tasks of understanding and analysis during development and maintenance of large-scale software systems. Five dimensions relating to the what, where, how, who, and why of software visualization make up this framework. The focus of this work is not so much as to classify software visualization system, but to point out the need for matching the method with the task. Finally, a number of software visualization systems are examined under our framework to highlight the particular problems each addresses.
A Machine Learning-Based Recommender System for Improving Students Learning Experiences (2020)

Outcome-based education (OBE) is a well-proven teaching strategy based upon a predefined set of expected outcomes. The components of OBE are Program Educational Objectives (PEOs), Program Outcomes (POs), and Course Outcomes (COs). These latter are assessed at the end of each course and several recommended actions can be proposed by faculty members' to enhance the quality of courses and therefore the overall educational program. Considering a large number of courses and the faculty members' devotion, bad actions could be recommended and therefore undesirable and inappropriate decisions may occur. In this paper, a recommender system, using different machine learning algorithms, is proposed for predicting suitable actions based on course specifications, academic records, and course learning outcomes' assessments. We formulated the problem as a multi-label multi-class binary classification problem and the dataset was translated into different problem transformation and adaptive methods such as one-vs.-all, binary relevance, label powerset, classifier chain, and ML-KNN adaptive classifier. As a case study, the proposed recommender system is applied to the college of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for helping academic staff improving the quality of teaching strategies. The obtained results showed that the proposed recommender system presents more recommended actions for improving students' learning experiences.
Surface-acoustic-wave plate convolvers at 1 GHz (1979)

Convolution has been performed at 800 MHz and 1 GHz on Y cut, Z propagating and 38° (rotated from +Z) cut, X propagating lithium niobate, respectively. No saturation of the convolved output was observed for an acoustic power of 178 mW/mm. An attenuation of 1.4±0.3 dB/μsec due to a 500-Å Al film was measured at 1 GHz.
Inflammation drives wound hyperpigmentation in zebrafish by recruiting pigment cells to sites of tissue damage (2012)

In humans, skin is the largest organ and serves as a barrier between our body and the outside world. Skin protects our internal organs from external pathogens and other contaminants, and melanocytes within the skin protect the body from damage by ultraviolet light. These same pigment cells also determine our skin colour and complexion. Skin wounding triggers a repair response that includes a robust recruitment of inflammatory cells, which function to kill invading microbes and clear away cell and matrix debris. Once at the wound site, these innate immune cells release a barrage of cytokines that direct the activities of other cells during the repair process. Tissue damage and repair also frequently lead to alterations in skin pigmentation, in particular to wound hyperpigmentation. In this study, we describe a model of wound hyperpigmentation in the translucent zebrafish larva, where we can live-image the recruitment of melanocytes and their precursors, melanoblasts, to the wound site. We show that these pigment cells are drawn in after the initial recruitment of innate immune cells and that the inflammatory response is essential for wound hyperpigmentation. This new model will allow us to uncover the molecular link between immune and pigment cells during tissue repair and to screen for potential therapeutics to dampen wound hyperpigmentation.
Palladium(<scp>0</scp>)‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Allenenes (2003)

Tri- and tetracyclic heterocycles were formed through the tandem cyclization of allenenes 1 upon treatment with an aryl iodide, potassium carbonate, and catalytic [Pd(PPh3)4] (see scheme). The reactivity of the palladium(II) intermediates could be controlled by substitution (R′) at the olefin terminus (Mts=2,4,6-trimethylphenylsulfonyl). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z51011_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Password input interface suitable for primary school children (2003)

Nowadays, Japanese children in primary schools are using computers that aren't designed specifically for them, so their current environment isn't appropriate for their initial use of computers. The same is true for start up authentication systems. That is, since under the current system users have to input their names and passwords of alphanumeric characters from a keyboard to obtain certification, the system appears too difficult for Japanese primary school children who haven't yet learned the Roman alphabet. Therefore, in this study, a new password input interface was designed using icons with symbols familiar to primary school children, and then the system was evaluated by varying parameters such as numbers of icons and icon selection time and frequency. As a result, this study proposes a new password input interface suitable for primary school children.
Isolation of microorganisms able to metabolize purified natural rubber (1995)

Bacteria able to grow on purified natural rubber in the absence of other organic carbon sources were isolated from soil. Ten isolates reduced the weight of vulcanized rubber from latex gloves by >10% in 6 weeks. Scanning electron microscopy clearly revealed the ability of the microorganisms to colonize, penetrate, and dramatically alter the physical structure of the rubber. The rubber-metabolizing bacteria were identified on the basis of fatty acid profiles and cell wall characteristics. Seven isolates were strains of Streptomyces, two were strains of Amycolatopsis, and one was a strain of Nocardia.
Congenital methylmalonic aciduria--homocystinuria with megaloblastic anemia: observations on response to hydroxocobalamin and on the effect of homocysteine and methionine on the deoxyuridine suppression test (1980)

Abstract Congenital methylmalonic aciduria-homocystinuria, a disorder with an incompletely defined cobalamin abnormality, has not been accompanied by megaloblastosis in most of the initially described cases. This has raised questions about the exact role of cobalamin in relation to megaloblastic anemia. Therefore, we present our observations on a patient with this syndrome whose manifestations conformed to current concepts of cobalamin function and on her response to hydroxocobalamin. In addition to the megaloblastic anemia (and other hematologic abnormalities) she developed severe neurologic impairment shortly after birth. Hydroxocobalamin injections diminished her methylmalonic acid and homocys-tine excretion and corrected her megaloblastosis, though mild neutrophil nuclear hypersegmentation has persisted even after a year. Clinical status also improved, particularly physical growth and neurologic development. However, she remains neurologically impaired following an unexplained clinical catastrophe. We documented her megaloblastic process by demonstrating abnormal deoxyuridine suppression test results in her initial bone marrow aspirate and normal results after treatment. Furthermore, the abnormal deoxyuridine suppression was corrected in vitro by folic acid, but not by methyltetrahydrofolic acid, cyanocobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, methylcobalamin, or methionine. Homocysteine slightly worsened the deoxyuridine suppression pattern. Subsequent studies showed that, in contrast to previous reports, homocysteine had no beneficial effect in other normoblastic or megaloblastic marrows either. The findings in our patient are compatible with the “methyltetrahydrofolate trap” hypothesis. Why this syndrome presents such a wide spectrum of manifestations is not entirely clear, nor is it clear why it should differ so from other disorders of cobalamin. These aspects are reviewed. Severity of the defect, differences in tissue susceptibility, or possibly even other factors such as ability to retain cobalamin intracellularly may influence the manifestations of this metabolic disorder.
Depolymerizable, adaptive supramolecular polymer nanoparticles and networks (2014)

Depolymerizable polymers are appended with supramolecular cross-linking motifs to enable preparation of tunable single-chain polymeric nanoparticles and degradable polymer networks.
An Engineered Constitutive Promoter Set with Broad Activity Range for <i>Cupriavidus necator</i> H16 (2018)

Well-characterized promoters with variable strength form the foundation of heterologous pathway optimization. It is also a key element that bolsters the success of microbial engineering and facilitates the development of biological tools like biosensors. In comparison to microbial hosts such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the promoter repertoire of Cupriavidus necator H16 is highly limited. This limited number of characterized promoters poses a significant challenge during the engineering of C. necator H16 for biomanufacturing and biotechnological applications. In this article, we first examined the architecture and genetic elements of the four most widely used constitutive promoters of C. necator H16 (i.e., PphaC1, PrrsC, Pj5, and Pg25) and established a narrow 6-fold difference in their promoter activities. Next, using these four promoters as starting points and applying a range of genetic modifications (including point mutation, length alteration, incorporation of regulatory genetic element, promoter hybridization, and configuration alteration), we created a library of 42 constitutive promoters, all of which are functional in C. necator H16. Although these promoters are also functional in E. coli, they show different promoter strength and hierarchical rank of promoter activity. Subsequently, the activity of each promoter was individually characterized, using l-arabinose-inducible PBAD promoter as a benchmark. This study has extended the range of constitutive promoter activities to 137-fold, with some promoter variants exceeding the l-arabinose-inducible range of PBAD promoter. Not only has the work enhanced our flexibility in engineering C. necator H16, it presented novel strategies in adjusting promoter activity in C. necator H16 and highlighted similarities and differences in transcriptional activity between this organism and E. coli.
Diffuse optical tomography : a time-resolved approach for reflectance measurements at short source-detector separation (2013)

La tomographie optique diffuse (TOD) est une technique d'imagerie médicale émergente utilisant la lumière proche infrarouge pour sonder les tissus biologiques. A partir de mesures non-invasives, cette technique permet d'obtenir les cartes en trois dimensions des coefficients d'absorption et de diffusion à l'intérieur des organes. Avec une approche multi-spectrale, la distribution spatiale des chromophores endogènes (hémoglobine, eau) peut aussi être obtenue. Pour certaines applications cliniques, il est souhaitable d'effectuer les mesures de TOD avec une sonde compacte qui regroupe tous les couples source-détecteur. Cependant, dans cette configuration, la sensibilité en profondeur est un défi majeur. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous proposons d'adresser ce challenge en utilisant des mesures résolues en temps. Une approche résolue en temps est développée pour optimiser la TOD dans le cas des mesures de réflectance à faibles distances source-détecteur. Cette approche inclut des aspects méthodologiques concernant le traitement des mesures résolues en temps par des algorithmes de TOD basés sur la transformée de Mellin-Laplace. Cette approche comporte aussi un volet instrumental qui consiste à optimiser la chaîne de détection sur deux points précis pour améliorer la détection et la localisation de contraste d'absorption en profondeur dans les milieux diffusants. Tout d'abord, l'impact de la réponse temporelle du détecteur est étudié avec des détecteurs de photons uniques disponibles dans le commerce (photomultiplicateurs classiques et hybrides). Dans un second temps, l'augmentation de la profondeur sondée avec de nouveaux détecteurs de photons uniques, les fast-gated single-photon avalanche diodes, est explorée au cours d'une collaboration avec le Politecnico de Milan. Pour finir, une étude illustre les performances de l'approche proposée en termes de résolution spatiale en profondeur pour différents arrangements des sources et détecteurs dans une sonde optique. Des sondes optiques dont la largeur est limitée à quelques centimètres ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles applications cliniques pour la TOD. Ces sondes peuvent accéder à des organes internes comme la prostate ou faciliter les examens médicaux sur des organes externes comme le sein ou le cerveau.
A method for high speed 3-D range measurement and its trail instrumentation (2003)

A system based on slit-ray projection method is presented that uses a nonscanning type image plane. It consists of a 2-D array of discrete photodetectors, attached to an individual memory element. The whole system is designed to latch positional information of a slit-ray into the memory when the corresponding photodetector is triggered by slitlike image passing across the image plane. Basic data for range computation are acquired during only one scanning of slit-ray. Trial implementation of this system has verified the method to be effective, showing data acquisition time within a few milliseconds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PERSISTENCE BARCODES FOR SHAPES (2005)

In this paper, we initiate a study of shape description and classification via the application of persistent homology to tangential constructions on geometric objects. Our techniques combine the differentiating power of geometry with the classifying power of topology. The homology of our first construction, the tangent complex, can distinguish between topologically identical shapes with different "sharp" features, such as corners. To capture "soft" curvature-dependent features, we define a second complex, the filtered tangent complex, obtained by parameterizing a family of increasing subcomplexes of the tangent complex. Applying persistent homology, we obtain a shape descriptor, called a barcode, that is a finite union of intervals. We define a metric over the space of such intervals, arriving at a continuous invariant that reflects the geometric properties of shapes. We illustrate the power of our methods through a number of detailed studies of parameterized families of mathematical shapes.