gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancements for digital control of switch mode power supplies: Bi-directional data-links, state dependent ADC encoding and advanced digital pulse width modulation schemes (2012)

Modern isolated switched mode power supplies (SMPSs) commonly utilise digital control methods over their classical analogue counterparts. These methods are now preferred for ease of programmability and implementation, scalability and they also accommodate advanced control techniques such as adaptive control. However in most digital implementations, inexpensive opto-couplers are still used to transmit analogue signals across the isolation barrier. It is well known that these types of opto-couplers suffer many drawbacks including variable gain due to ageing effects. The main research contribution in this thesis focuses on developing and implementing a full bi-directional digital data-link between both sides of the isolation barrier, i.e. all signals (feedback and auxiliary) are digitalised and transmitted as a single encoded data stream across the isolation barrier. A key advantage of this scheme is that only a single set of digital couplers is required to achieve bi-directional communication, when compared with its analogue counterpart which would require multiple opto-couplers. This proposed scheme is therefore a more cost-effective and efficient solution and does not suffer from performance degradation due to ageing effects. To reduce the size and improve power efficiency and loop response, switching frequencies are continually increasing. Higher switching frequencies reduce the transmission window and therefore the number of bits to be transmitted across the isolation barrier per switching cycle needs to be minimised. To achieve this objective for the bi-directional data-link proposed, a new state-dependent encoding scheme for the required analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) has been specifically designed. This state-dependent encoding scheme ensures a high resolution during the steady-state operation of the SMPS while still providing adequate accuracy during transients. Along with the state-dependent ADC, two digital pulse width modulators (DPWMs) for single- and multi-phase SMPSs have been designed for use with the proposed communication system. These DPWMs were implemented using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), but are also suitable for application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The DPWM designs only require a small number of logic elements while achieving high speed and high resolution, temperature independence and good scalability. This has been achieved using a hybrid approach which uses a novel fine-resolution block along with a coarse resolution block. This approach takes advantage of digital clock manager (DCM) blocks available on most commercial FPGAs available today. Manual placing and routing techniques result in high linearity and monotonic behaviour. For test purposes, the bi-directional communication scheme has been implemented on FPGAs and verified using a custom-built SMPS board.
Coding schemes for multi-level channels with unknown gain and/or offset (2013)

We will present coding techniques for transmission and storage channels with unknown gain and/or offset. It will be shown that a codebook of length-n q-ary codewords, S, where all codewords in S have equal balance and energy show an intrinsic resistance against unknown gain and/or offset. Generating functions for evaluating the size of S will be presented. We will present an approximate expression for the code redundancy for asymptotically large values of n.
14th Congress of the International Headache Society September 10 – 13, 2009 Philadelphia, PA (2009)

Objectives: We intend to study motor cortical inhibition in chronic\ndaily headache with medication overuse headache (MOH) patients,\nand compared them with a group of healthy volunteers (HV) and\nmigraine patients recorded interictally (MO).\nBackground: Recently, in a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)\nstudy we showed that episodic migraneurs with and without aura\nhave shortened silent period (SP) in perioral muscles, as a result of\nreduced activation of Gaba-B ergic circuits in the motor cortex. This\nfinding observed during the interictal phase has been interpreted as\nthe motor counterpart of the reduced preactivation excitability level\nin the sensory cortices purported to explain why cortical evoked\nresponses habituate poorly in patients with migraine. A percentage\nof migraine patients experience clinical evolution from initial episodic\nto chronic daily headache with medication overuse, which give\nus the opportunity to assess cortical excitability during a condition\nof persistent ictal phase.\nMethods: We recorded SP from perioral muscle by means of TMS in\n15 MOH patients and 12 migraine without aura patients recorded interictally, and we compared them with 13 HV. Silent period was\ninduced using a figure of eight TMS coil centered over the hot-spot\nfor perioral muscles that delivered high intensity magnetic stimuli\nduring a maximal muscle contraction. Electromyographic responses\nwere recorded from surface electrodes placed over the subjects’ perioral\nmuscles bilaterally.\nResults: Mean SP duration in MOH patients was similar to that of\nHV (respectively 107.12 ± 48.82 and 108.11 ± 30.11), while in MO\npatients interictally was significantly shortened. (59.99 ± 30.44;\nP = 0.009). In MOH patients SP duration correlated positively with\nmonthly tablets intake (r = 0.679, P = 0.005).\nConclusions: These findings provide neurophysiological evidence\nshowing that excessive medication overconsumption induces normalization\nof the cortical motor inhibitory neurons underactivation\nfound in episodic migraine interictally.
Biological Variability of Plasma Intact and C-Terminal FGF23 Measurements (2012)

The high intra-individual biological variability of iFGF23 may limit its clinical use as a diagnostic or management tool. Risk-related thresholds may be more appropriate for clinical decision making based on cFGF23 measurements than conventional reference intervals. FGF23 cleavage pathways may be an important natural regulatory mechanism for phosphate control.
TRUST-BASED SECURE POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL (PTC) INTEROPERATION (2006)

Positive Train Control (PTC) is a wireless control system ensuring railroad safety by enforcing train separation, speed enforcement, roadway worker protection and other safety functions. Due to shared track rights over each-other’s tracks in North America, company A’s trains must be safely operated by company B’s crew on company C’s tracks, requiring different PTC systems to securely interoperate with each other. For a security framework to ensure that, we propose using a trust management system with certificates and over the air re-keying (OTAR). Back of the envelope calculations show that our solution meets timing needs of PTC.
Aportaciones al estudio de las didtribuciones de malla finita (2001)

En este trabajo se introduce el concepto de funcion generatriz conectiva. A partir de este nuevo concepto se establece la relacion de conexion que puede ser extendida, obteniendose cadenas de distribuciones relacionadas de forma recursiva. 
Se estudian propiedades de la funcion generatriz conectiva y se prueba la conexion existente en las familias de distribuciones asociadas al muestreo.
Se define asimismo el concepto de secuencia finita generatriz de probabilidad y se establece el procedimiento de generacion de cadenas de distribuciones.
Fibrinogen Concentration and Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Acute Coronary Events in 5113 Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke (2004)

In patients with a previous TIA or ischemic stroke, risks of recurrent ischemic stroke and acute coronary events increase linearly with fibrinogen levels, but the relationships are weaker than in some previous population-based studies.
A fully parallel 1-Mb CAM LSI for real-time pixel-parallel image processing (2000)

For real-time image-processing applications, a highly parallel system that exploits parallelism is desirable. A content addressable memory (CAM), or an associative processor, that can perform various types of parallel processing with words as the basic unit is a promising component for creating such a system because of its suitability for LSI implementation. Conventional CAM LSI's, however, have neither efficient function nor enough capacity for pixel-parallel processing. This paper describes a fully parallel 1-Mb CAM LSI. It has advanced functions for processing various pixel-parallel algorithms, such as mathematical morphology and discrete-time cellular neural networks. Moreover, since it has 16-K words, or processing elements (PEs), which can process 128/spl times/128 pixels in parallel, a board-sized pixel-parallel image-processing system can be implemented using several chips. A chip capable of operating at 56 MHz and 2.5 V was fabricated using 0.25-/spl mu/m full-custom CMOS technology with five aluminum layers. A total of 15.5 million transistors have been integrated into a 16.1/spl times/17.0 mm chip. Typical power dissipation is 0.25 W. Processing performance of various update and data transfer operations is 3-640 GOPS. This CAM LSI will make a significant contribution to the development of compact, high-performance image-processing systems.
The Geometric Isomers of Piperylene (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Geometric Isomers of PiperyleneDavid CraigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 6, 1006–1013Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01246a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01246a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modeling of Structure and NO Formation in an Oscillating Stagnation Flame (2004)

To further study the unsteady NO formation behavior in the premixed flames, numerical simulation using CHEMKIN packages and GRI Mech. 3.0 is performed on the flat flame in the stagnation flow field subject to unsteady straining induced by periodically changing the flow rate (case 1) and the distance between plate and nozzle exit (case 2). The resultant flame thickness and T(subscript max) show either nearly no response to strain rate variation for high frequency or coincident with the steady curve without significant phase delay for low frequency cases. Unlike the diffusion flames presented by Im et al. (1999), the major axis of the phase-delay oval for the NO concentration in premixed flames does not coincide with the steady curve. The inclined angle between the major axis and the steady curve is larger for the low frequency case. The effect of NO slow reaction becomes significant for low frequency cases. The value of T(subscript max) and relative NO concentration is higher in case 2 than that in case 1. When the distance L is oscillatory (case 2), after a peak response before 90o the normalized T(subscript max) location from the plate, d/L, and the normalized flame thickness, f/L, almost remain constant at 0.2 and 0.52, respectively. The NO formations are dominated by the mechanism of thermal and NNH pathways. The reason is that higher T(subscript max) is obtained in case 2 and therefore, the dominate mechanism in case 2 is thermal, instead of prompt pathway in case 1.
The Uintah Parallelism Infrastructure: A Performance Evaluation on the SGI Origin 2000 (2000)

Uintah is a component-based visual problem solving environment (PSE) designed to specifically address the unique problems inherent in running massively parallel scientific computations on terascale computing platforms. In particular, development of the Uintah system is part of the C-SAFE [2] effort to study the interactions between hydrocarbon fires, structures and high-energy materials (explosives and propellants). In this paper we describe methods for generating meaningful performance measurements for the Uintah PSE running on the SGI Origin 2000 multiprocessor architecture (these methods are applicable to many other applications.) These techniques include utilizing the non-intrusive performance counters built into the R10k and R12k processors, controlling process placement, controlling memory layout, and utilization of a task graph approach to specifying and solving the problem.
Synthetic Biology: Advancing the Design of Diverse Genetic Systems (2013)

A major objective of synthetic biology is to make the process of designing genetically encoded biological systems more systematic, predictable, robust, scalable, and efficient. Examples of genetic systems in the field vary widely in terms of operating hosts, compositional approaches, and network complexity, ranging from simple genetic switches to search-and-destroy systems. While significant advances in DNA synthesis capabilities support the construction of pathway- and genome-scale programs, several design challenges currently restrict the scale of systems that can be reasonably designed and implemented. Thus, while synthetic biology offers much promise in developing systems to address challenges faced in the fields of manufacturing, environment and sustainability, and health and medicine, the realization of this potential is currently limited by the diversity of available parts and effective design frameworks. As researchers make progress in bridging this design gap, advances in the field hint at ever more diverse applications for biological systems.
T cell lineage choice and differentiation in the absence of the RNase III enzyme Dicer (2005)

The ribonuclease III enzyme Dicer is essential for the processing of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) from double-stranded RNA precursors. miRNAs and siRNAs regulate chromatin structure, gene transcription, mRNA stability, and translation in a wide range of organisms. To provide a model system to explore the role of Dicer-generated RNAs in the differentiation of mammalian cells in vivo, we have generated a conditional Dicer allele. Deletion of Dicer at an early stage of T cell development compromised the survival of alphabeta lineage cells, whereas the numbers of gammadelta-expressing thymocytes were not affected. In developing thymocytes, Dicer was not required for the maintenance of transcriptional silencing at pericentromeric satellite sequences (constitutive heterochromatin), the maintenance of DNA methylation and X chromosome inactivation in female cells (facultative heterochromatin), and the stable shutdown of a developmentally regulated gene (developmentally regulated gene silencing). Most remarkably, given that one third of mammalian mRNAs are putative miRNA targets, Dicer seems to be dispensable for CD4/8 lineage commitment, a process in which epigenetic regulation of lineage choice has been well documented. Thus, although Dicer seems to be critical for the development of the early embryo, it may have limited impact on the implementation of some lineage-specific gene expression programs.
Humidity-induced damage in polyvinyl toluene and polystyrene plastic scintillator (2017)

Polyvinyl toluene and polystyrene are materials commonly used in plastic scintillators. In recent years, cold weather related performance degradation has been identified in plastic scintillators that are exposed to the environment. Prior exposure to water vapor at high temperatures, in particular, has been identified as a likely culprit. This work subjected a selection of commercially produced polyvinyl toluene and polystyrene plastic scintillator to a controlled high-temperature, high-humidity environment for an extended period of time, followed by exposure to freezing temperatures consistent with performance degradation. Polymethyl methacrylate, which is used as a light guide in detectors, was also subjected to these conditions. Samples were evaluated visually, and weight measurements were taken at regular intervals during and after the environmental exposure.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling for Hepcidin Peptide Extraction from Whole Blood (2016)

peer reviewed
Landslide detection with two satellite images of different spatial resolutions in a probabilistic topic model (2015)

As the most commonly techniques to landslide inventory mapping, visual interpretation and geomorphological field surveys are time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this paper, a probabilistic topic model, maximum entropy discrimination latent Dirichlet allocation (MedLDA), is presented to detect landslides with satellite images of two different spatial resolutions in a weakly supervised way. A two-stage algorithm is inferred the model. First, before- and after- the event MODIS NDVI productions are employed to roughly locate probable landslides, i.e., low-resolution vegetation-cover changes. Second, MedLDA model is learned by both NDVI change values (i.e., the weakly supervised information) and post-event SPOT 5 images to detect the landslide. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is a very promising way to detect landslides in vegetated regions.
Ultrahigh-resolution two-photon optical Ramsey spectroscopy of an atomic fountain (1986)

We present a semiclassical analysis of ultrahigh-resolution two-photon optical Ramsey spectroscopy of cold neutral atoms falling freely in a fountain. Considering atoms which interact with the same standing-wave laser field twice on their parabolic trajectories and averaging over a broad atomic velocity distribution, we predict a nearly Lorentzian line shape whose width is just the natural linewidth. We have investigated a number of systematic corrections to the atomic resonance frequency, including first-order and second-order Doppler shifts, gravitational red shifts, and ac Stark shifts. First-order Doppler shifts due to vertical motion cancel even if the counterpropagating beams are slightly misaligned, and resolutions below 1 Hz appear feasible with a fountain of modest dimensions.
Implantation of AtT-20 or genetically modified AtT-20/hENK cells in mouse spinal cord induced antinociception and opioid tolerance (1994)

AtT-20 cells, which make and release beta-endorphin, or AtT-20/hENK cells, an AtT-20 cell line transfected with the human proenkephalin gene and secreting enkephalin as well as presumably beta-endorphin, were implanted in mouse spinal subarachnoid space. Cell implants did not affect the basal response to thermal nociceptive stimuli. Administration of isoproterenol, believed to stimulate secretion from these cells, produced antinociception in groups receiving AtT-20 or AtT-20/hENK cell implants but not in control groups receiving no cells. The antinociceptive effect of isoproterenol was dose related and could be blocked by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Implantation of these cells offers a novel approach for the study of tolerance. Mice receiving AtT-20 cell implants developed tolerance to beta-endorphin and the mu-opioid agonist DAMGO, whereas mice receiving genetically modified AtT-20/hENK cell implants developed tolerance to the delta-opioid agonist DPDPE. Genetically modified AtT-20/hENK cell implants, but not AtT-20 cell implants, reduced the development of acute morphine tolerance in the host mice. This finding is consistent with the suggestion that enkephalin alters development of opioid tolerance. These results suggest that opioid-releasing cells implanted around mouse spinal cord can produce antinociception and may provide an alternative therapy for chronic intractable pain.
EGF-Like Growth Factors As Mediators of LH Action in the Ovulatory Follicle (2004)

Before ovulation in mammals, a cascade of events resembling an inflammatory and/or tissue remodeling process is triggered by luteinizing hormone (LH) in the ovarian follicle. Many LH effects, however, are thought to be indirect because of the restricted expression of its receptor. Here, we demonstrate that LH stimulation induces the transient and sequential expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family members amphiregulin, epiregulin, and beta-cellulin. Incubation of follicles with these growth factors recapitulates the morphological and biochemical events triggered by LH, including cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation. Thus, these EGF-related growth factors are paracrine mediators that propagate the LH signal throughout the follicle.
Humanized antibody directed to the IL-2 receptor <i>beta</i>-chain prolongs primate cardiac allograft survival. (1994)

IL-2Rs are expressed by T cells activated in response to foreign histocompatibility Ags but not by normal cells. This difference in IL-2R expression is exploited by blockade of IL-2Rs to achieve immunosuppression. High affinity IL-2Rs involve three subunits, IL-2R alpha, IL-2R beta, and IL-2R gamma. Murine Mik beta 1, a mAb that blocks IL-2 binding to IL-2R beta, was developed as an immunosuppressive agent. There was modest prolongation of cynomolgus cardiac allograft survival in animals treated with murine Mik beta 1 (mean survival 11.8 +/- 1.6 days compared with 8.2 +/- 0.4 days in untreated animals; p = 0.06). However, murine Mik beta 1 is ineffective in recruiting primate effector cells and is neutralized by monkey Abs directed toward the infused Ab. To circumvent these limitations, a humanized form of Mik beta 1, which is a largely human IgG1k Ab, except that murine hypervariable regions are retained, was developed. In vivo plasma survival of humanized Mik beta 1 was threefold longer than simultaneously administered murine Mik beta 1 (terminal t1/2, 104 +/- 10 h vs 37 +/- 2 h). Furthermore, humanized Mik beta 1 manifests Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, an activity that is absent with the parental murine Mik beta 1. Graft survival was significantly prolonged by humanized Mik beta 1 treatment with survivals of 22, 22, 24, 27, 44, and > 300 days (p vs control < 0.01; p vs murine Mik beta 1 < 0.01). Survival was not prolonged further (p > 0.3) by the addition of humanized anti-Tac, which blocks interaction of IL-2 with IL-2R alpha subunits. There was no toxicity attributable to the use of Mik beta 1 Abs. Thus, humanized Mik beta 1 prolonged cardiac allograft survival in primates without toxicity and may be effective as an adjunct to standard immunosuppressive therapy.