gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetic Effect of Seishin-kanro-to in KK-Ay Mice (1997)

The hypoglycemic effect of Seishin-kanro-to (SK) was investigated in KK-Ay mice, one of the non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus types. SK (1700 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose of KK-Ay mice from 557 +/- 17 to 383 +/- 36 mg/100 ml 7 hours after single oral administration (P < 0.001). SK also decreased the blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance 5 weeks after repeated administration in KK-Ay mice. These results support, therefore, the use of SK in patients with diabetes and confirm its role as a traditional medicine. In addition, the active plants of SK were identified as the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge and the radix of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz.
Stimulation of Cartilage Differentiation by Osteogenic Protein-1 in Cultures of Human Perichondrium (1998)

Exposure of progenitor cells with chondrogenic potential to recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 [rhOP-1, or bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7] may be of therapeutic interest in the regeneration of articular cartilage. Therefore, in this study, we examined the influence of rhOP-1 on cartilage formation by human perichondrium tissue containing progenitor cells with chondrogenic potential in vitro. Fragments of outer ear perichondrium tissue were embedded in clotting autologous blood to which rhOP-1 had been added or not (controls), and the resulting explant was cultured for 3 weeks without further addition of rhOP-1. Cartilage formation was monitored biochemically by measuring [³5;S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycans and histologically by monitoring the presence of metachromatic matrix with cells in nests. The presence of rhOP-1 in the explant at the beginning of culture stimulated [³5;S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycans in a dose-dependent manner after 3 weeks of culture. Maximal stimulation was reached at 40 microgram/ml. Histology revealed that explants treated with 20-200 microgram/ml rhOP-1, but not untreated control explants, contained areas of metachromatic-staining matrix with chondrocytes in cell nests. These results suggest that rhOP-1 stimulates differentiation of cartilage from perichondrium tissue. The direct actions of rhOP-1 on perichondrium cells to stimulate chondrocytic differentiation and production of cartilage matrix in vitro provide a cellular mechanism for the induction of cartilage formation by rhOP-1 in vivo. Thus, rhOP-1 may promote early steps in the cascade of events leading to cartilage formation. Therefore, rhOP-1 could be an interesting factor for regeneration of cartilage in articular cartilage defects.
Crystallinity and Cross-Linking in Porous Polymers Synthesized from Long Side Chain Monomers through Emulsion Templating (2008)

A polyHIPE is a cross-linked, porous polymer synthesized through polymerization in the external phase of a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE). Crystalline polyHIPE polymers were synthesized through copolymerization of stearyl acrylate and divinylbenzene (DVB). Polymerizations initiated at the water/organic interface were compared to equivalent bulk polymers, to equivalent polymerizations initiated in the organic phase, and to model copolymers containing an equivalent non-cross-linking comonomer (styrene). The higher of the two main melting endotherms was related to a more ordered crystalline structure formed by stearyl acrylate-rich molecular segments that are preferentially synthesized by initiation at the interface. Cross-linking restricts molecular mobility, tying the polymer backbones together and reducing the peak temperatures and crystallinities. The decrease in modulus with increasing DVB content for the more crystalline polyHIPE reflects the dominant effect of crystallinity. The increase in modulus with increasing DVB content for the less crystalline polyHIPE reflects the dominant effects of cross-linking and polymer backbone stiffness.
Accurate white matter lesion segmentation by k nearest neighbor classification with tissue type priors (kNN-TTPs) (2013)

Adding TTPs increases the performance of kNN based MS lesion segmentation methods. Best performance was achieved using variance scaling for intensity normalization and including TTPs in the feature set, showing excellent agreement with the reference segmentations across a wide range of lesion severity, irrespective of the scanner used or the pathological substrate of the lesions.
In Vitro Activities of Peptide Deformylase Inhibitors against Gram-Positive Pathogens (2002)

The activities of six peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitors against 107 respiratory tract pathogens were studied and compared to those of ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Against Streptococcus pneumoniae, BB-83698 and BB-83815 were the most active PDF inhibitors (MIC at which 90% of the organisms tested were inhibited [MIC(90)], 0.25 microg/ml). Five of the agents showed similar activity against Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC(90), 0.12 microg/ml). All PDF inhibitors were less active against Haemophilus influenzae; BB-3497 was the most active agent (MIC(90), 2 microg/ml). Five agents were studied against Chlamydia spp. and showed activity similar to that of ciprofloxacin (MIC, 0.5 to 4 microg/ml). This study demonstrates that PDF inhibitors have the potential to be developed for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.
Toward Inexpensive Superhard Materials: Tungsten Tetraboride-Based Solid Solutions (2012)

To enhance the hardness of tungsten tetraboride (WB(4)), a notable lower cost member of the late transition-metal borides, we have synthesized and characterized solid solutions of this material with tantalum (Ta), manganese (Mn), and chromium (Cr). Various concentrations of these transition-metal elements, ranging from 0.0 to 50.0 at. %, on a metals basis, were made. Arc melting was used to synthesize these refractory compounds from the pure elements. Elemental and phase purity of the samples were examined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microindentation was utilized to measure the Vickers hardness under applied loads of 0.49-4.9 N. XRD results indicate that the solubility limit is below 10 at. % for Cr and below 20 at. % for Mn, while Ta is soluble in WB(4) above 20 at. %. Optimized Vickers hardness values of 52.8 ± 2.2, 53.7 ± 1.8, and 53.5 ± 1.9 GPa were achieved, under an applied load of 0.49 N, when ~2.0, 4.0, and 10.0 at. % Ta, Mn, and Cr were added to WB(4) on a metals basis, respectively. Motivated by these results, ternary solid solutions of WB(4) were produced, keeping the concentration of Ta in WB(4) fixed at 2.0 at. % and varying the concentration of Mn or Cr. This led to hardness values of 55.8 ± 2.3 and 57.3 ± 1.9 GPa (under a load of 0.49 N) for the combinations W(0.94)Ta(0.02)Mn(0.04)B(4) and W(0.93)Ta(0.02)Cr(0.05)B(4), respectively. In situ high-pressure XRD measurements collected up to ~65 GPa generated a bulk modulus of 335 ± 3 GPa for the hardest WB(4) solid solution, W(0.93)Ta(0.02)Cr(0.05)B(4), and showed suppression of a pressure-induced phase transition previously observed in pure WB(4).
The MoS2 Nanotubes with Defect-Controlled Electric Properties (2010)

We describe a two-step synthesis of pure multiwall MoS2 nanotubes with a high degree of homogeneity in size. The Mo6S4I6 nanowires grown directly from elements under temperature gradient conditions in hedgehog-like assemblies were used as precursor material. Transformation in argon-H2S/H2 mixture leads to the MoS2 nanotubes still grouped in hedgehog-like morphology. The described method enables a large-scale production of MoS2 nanotubes and their size control. X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with wave dispersive analysis, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the starting Mo6S4I6 nanowires and the MoS2 nanotubes. The unit cell parameters of the Mo6S4I6 phase are proposed. Blue shift in optical absorbance and metallic behavior of MoS2 nanotubes in two-probe measurement are explained by a high defect concentration.
Nuclear polyadenylate-binding protein. (1985)

Polyadenylate-binding activity can be detected in eluates from sodium dodecyl sulfate gels by a nitrocellulose filter-binding assay. Nuclear extracts from rat liver show a single peak of binding activity at 50 to 55 kilodaltons; cytoplasmic extracts show a single peak at 70 to 80 kilodaltons, corresponding to a 75-kilodalton protein previously described. Similar results are obtained with yeast and mouse fibroblasts, indicating a high degree of conservation of both nuclear and cytoplasmic polyadenylate-binding proteins. The activity from rat liver nuclei has been purified 125-fold on the basis of specific binding to polyadenylate and shows two main bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels at 53 and 55 kilodaltons.
The immunomodulatory activity of human umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells <i>in vitro</i> (2008)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) are currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical settings because of their self-renewal and multipotent differentiative capacity or their immunosuppressive function. However, BM may be detrimental because of the highly invasive donation procedure and BM-MSC decline with age. Therefore, MSC derived from other sources have been considered as an alternative. However, there is only limited knowledge on their immunomodulatory properties. Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells are good substitutes for BM-MSC because of the immaturity of newborn cells. In this study, we successfully isolated MSC from UCB. The morphological phenotypes, cell cycle status, surface markers and differentiation potential of these clonally expanded cells are consistent with BM-MSC. Furthermore, UCB-MSC expanded in vitro retain low immunogenicity and an immunomodulatory effect. Flow cytometry analysis showed that UCB-MSC did not express CD40, CD40 ligand, CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. We have demonstrated that UCB-MSC are incapable of inducing allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and have a dose-dependent inhibition of PBMC immune responses in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and phytohaemagglutinin activation assays, even after interferon-gamma treatment. Additionally, we have found that UCB-MSC can suppress the function of mature dendritic cells. Using transwell systems, we have demonstrated an inhibition mechanism that depends on both cell contact and soluble factors. Based on the findings we conclude that banked UCB could serve as a potential alternative source of MSC for allogeneic application in the future.
Robust Segmentation and Tracking of Colored Objects in Video (2004)

Segmenting and tracking of objects in video is of great importance for video-based encoding, surveillance, and retrieval. However, the inherent difficulty of object segmentation and tracking is to distinguish changes in the displacement of objects from disturbing effects such as noise and illumination changes. Therefore, in this paper, we formulate a color-based deformable model which is robust against noisy data and changing illumination. Computational methods are presented to measure color constant gradients. Further, a model is given to estimate the amount of sensor noise through these color constant gradients. The obtained uncertainty is subsequently used as a weighting term in the deformation process. Experiments are conducted on image sequences recorded from three-dimensional scenes. From the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed color constant deformable method successfully finds object contours robust against illumination, and noisy, but homogeneous regions.
Cyclodextrin‐Enhanced Vertical Flushing of a Trichloroethene Contaminated Aquifer (2001)

Abstract Pilot‐scale testing of an innovative ground water remediation technology was conducted in a source zone of a trichloroethene‐contaminated Superfund site in Tucson, Arizona. The technology is designed to enhance the removal of low‐solubility organic contaminants from heterogeneous sedimentary aquifers by using a dual‐screened vertical circulation well to inject and extract solutions containing a complexing sugar (hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin (HPCD]). Prior to initiating the pilot test, tracer tests were conducted to determine hydraulic characteristics of the vertical flow field and to evaluate trichloroethene‐elution behavior during water flushing. The pilot test involved injecting approximately 4 m 3 of a 20% HPCD solution into the upper screened interval of the well and extracting from the lower screened interval. The results of the pilot test indicate that the cyclodextrin solution increased the rate of trichloroethene removal from the aquifer. The concentrations of trichloroethene in the ground water extracted from the lower screened interval of the well increased by a factor of three (∼750 μg/L) in the presence of the cyclodextrin pulse, compared to concentrations obtained during previous water flushing (∼250 μg/L). Furthermore, the concentration of trichloroethene in water collected from the circulation well under static conditions was reduced to 6% of the levels measured prior to the test.
New Inorganic Ultrafiltration Membranes: Titania and Zirconia Membranes (1989)

Destabilization of colloidal solutions permits preparation of titania and zirconia ultrafiltration membranes. In this work, layer thickness, pore diameter as a function of sintering temperature, and water permeability are developed. These membranes have a very good chemical resistance and can be used in all pH ranges in ultrafiltration processes. A comparison between alumina, titania, and zirconia membranes is given.
Tissue Engineered Epithelial Cell Sheets for the Creation of a Bioartificial Trachea (2006)

To successfully engineer a bioartificial tracheal replacement, it is believed that the regeneration of a functional epithelial lining is a key requirement. In the present study, rabbit tracheal epithelial cells were cultured on temperature-responsive culture dishes, under normal culture conditions at 37 degrees C. By simple temperature reduction to 20 degrees C, the cultured epithelial cells were noninvasively harvested as intact sheets, without the use of any proteolytic enzymes. Support Dacron grafts that had been subcutaneously implanted for 4 weeks to allow for host tissue and vessel infiltration were then opened, and the tracheal epithelial cell sheets were transplanted to the luminal surface without sutures. These fabricated constructs were then used as tracheal replacements, in a rabbit model. Four weeks after transplantation, results showed that the tracheal grafts were covered by a mature, pseudostratified columnar epithelium. In contrast, control constructs that did not receive cell sheet transplantation demonstrated only a thin, immature epithelium at the center of the replacement graft. These results therefore demonstrate that these tracheal epithelial cell sheets can create an epithelial lining on the luminal surface of a bioartificial trachea.
High expressions of CD105 and VEGF in early oral cancer predict potential cervical metastasis (2006)

Besides the image studies, the expressions of both CD105 and VEGF could be useful to guide the elective treatment for clinical N0 neck in early oral cancer.
Color Vision System for Estimating Citrus Yield in Real-time (2004)

A machine vision system utilizing color vision was investigated as a means to identify citrus fruitsand to estimate yield information of the citrus grove in real-time. Images were acquired for 98 citrus trees in acommercial grove located near Orlando, Florida. The trees were distributed over 48 plots evenly. Images weretaken in stationary mode using a machine vision system consisting of a color analog camera, a DGPS receiver,and an encoder. Non-overlapping images of the citrus trees were taken by determining the field of view of thecamera and using an encoder to measure the traveled distance to locate the next position for acquiring animage. The threshold of segmentation of the images to recognize citrus fruits was estimated from the pixeldistribution in the HSI color plane. A computer vision algorithm to enhance and extract information from theimages was developed. The total time for processing an image was 119.5 ms, excluding image acquisitiontime. The image processing algorithm was tested on 329 validation images and the R2 value between thenumber of fruits counted by the fruit counting algorithm and the average number of fruits counted manually was0.79. Images belonging to a same plot were grouped together and the number of fruits estimated by the fruitcounting algorithm was summed up to give the number of fruits/plot estimates. Leaving out outliers andincomplete data, the remaining 44 plots were divided into calibration and validation data sets and a model wasdeveloped for citrus yield using the calibration data set. The R2 value between the number of fruits/plot countedby the yield prediction model and the number of fruits/plot counted by hand harvesting for the validation dataset was 0.53.
Kinetic Parameters for Dilute Epoxy Resins Measured by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2007)

Abstract Thermosetting resins are employed in a wide variety of oilfield applications. The development of dilute resin formulations offers several advantages over conventional resin systems and new resin applications are making increasing use of dilute formulations. Knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of the resin system is essential to ensure that they perform as expected. We report here on the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, to measure activation energies, enthalpies, entropies, and frequency factors for the curing of a diglycidylether bisphenol A epoxy resin with a modified cycloaliphatic amine hardener. Results calculated with this technique are presented here and are in good agreement with values calculated using more conventional techniques.
Simulation System of Real-Time Signal Processing Based on General Computer (2005)

It is an important way that the processing signal in Real-Time based on general computer is realized by software. In this paper, by using the block processing, data transfer in Real-Time through double buffer storage and processing signal simultaneity by multithreading, the design idea of Real-Time processing System based on general computer is obtained. Some pivotal skills about block processing, double buffer storage and multithreading are analyzed. When the speed of signal is limited like base band signal and lowdown frequency conversion signal, the system can replace DSP System. In the simulation system the arithmetic can be modified and enlarged by users. An implementation example shows that the sound is modulated to DSB in Real-Time.
HSV Neutralization by the Microbicidal Candidate C5A (2011)

Genital herpes is a major risk factor in acquiring human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection and is caused by both Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2. The amphipathic peptide C5A, derived from the non-structural hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein 5A, was shown to prevent HIV-1 infection but neither influenza nor vesicular stomatitis virus infections. Here we investigated the antiviral function of C5A on HSV infections. C5A efficiently inhibited both HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection in epithelial cells in vitro as well as in an ex vivo epidermal infection model. C5A destabilized the integrity of the viral HSV membrane. Furthermore, drug resistant HSV strains were inhibited by this peptide. Notably, C5A-mediated neutralization of HSV-1 prevented HIV-1 transmission. An in vitro HIV-1 transmigration assay was developed using primary genital epithelial cells and HSV infection increased HIV-1 transmigration. Treatment with C5A abolished HIV-1 transmigration by preventing HSV infection and by preserving the integrity of the genital epithelium that was severely compromised by HSV infection. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that C5A represents a multipurpose microbicide candidate, which neutralizes both HIV-1 and HSV, and which may interfere with HIV-1 transmission through the genital epithelium.
Cloning of a novel constitutively expressed pectate lyase gene pelB from Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (Nectria haematococca, mating type VI) and characterization of the gene product expressed in Pichia pastoris (1995)

Since plant-pathogenic fungi must penetrate through pectinaceous layers of the host cell wall, pectin-degrading enzymes are thought to be important for pathogenesis. Antibodies prepared against a pectin-inducible pectate lyase (pectate lyase A [PLA]) produced by a phytopathogenic fungus, Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (Nectria haematococca, mating type VI), was previously found to protect the host from infection. The gene (pelA) and its cDNA were cloned and sequenced. Here we report the isolation of a new pectate lyase gene, pelB, from a genomic library of F. solani f. sp. pisi with the pelA cDNA as the probe. A 2.6-kb DNA fragment containing pelB and its flanking regions was sequenced. The coding region of pelB was amplified by reverse transcription-mediated PCR, using total RNA isolated from F. solani pisi culture grown in the presence of glucose as the sole carbon source. The predicted open reading frame of pelB would encode a 25.6-kDa protein of 244 amino acids which has 65% amino acid sequence identity with PLA from F. solani f. sp. pisi but no significant homology with other pectinolytic enzymes. The first 16 amino acid residues at the N terminus appeared to be a signal peptide. The pelB cDNA was expressed in Pichia pastoris, yielding a pectate lyase B (PLB) which was found to be a glycoprotein of 29 kDa. PLB was purified to homogeneity by using a two-step procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by Superdex G75 gel filtration chromatography. Purified PLB showed optimal lyase activity at pH 10.0. A rapid drop in the viscosity of the substrate and Mono Q anion-exchange chromatography of the products generated by the lyase showed that PLB cleaved polygalacturonate chains in an endo fashion. Western blotting (immunoblotting) with antibodies raised against PLA showed that PLB and PLA are immunologically related to each other. The 5' flanking regions of both pelA and pelB were translationally fused to the beta-glucuronidase gene and introduced into F. solani f. sp. pisi, and beta-glucuronidase activities of the transformants were measured. Expression of the marker gene by the transformants showed that pelA expression is induced by pectin and repressed by glucose, whereas expression of pelB is constitutive and is not subject to glucose repression. Reverse transcription-mediated PCR showed that both pelA and pelB are expressed when F. solani f. sp. pisi infects pea epicotyl.
Large Area Plasmonic Photoconductive Emitters for Generating High Power Broadband Terahertz Radiation (2014)

We present a novel design of large area photoconductive emitters based on plasmonic contact electrodes. A record-high-power radiation of 3.6 mW over 0.1-3 THz frequency range is demonstrated at 150 mW optical pump power.