gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of [<sup>3</sup>H]Prazosin‐Labeled α<sub>1</sub>Adrenergic Receptors in Rat Brain and Porcine Neurointermediate Lobe Tissue (1983)

[3H]Prazosin binding to alpha 1 receptors in homogenates of rat prefrontal cortical tissue and porcine pituitary neurointermediate lobe tissue was investigated. Competition curves produced by coincubating adrenergic agonists and antagonists with 0.5 nM [3H]prazosin and tissue revealed some anomalous binding properties. In the brain and pituitary tissue, agonist competition curves produced "shallow" slopes, with Hill coefficients significantly lower than unity. The IC50 of the agonists epinephrine, norepinephrine, and clonidine for inhibition of 0.5 nM [3H]prazosin binding were significantly lower in the porcine pituitary than in the rat brain. Most antagonists, such as prazosin, chlorpromazine, and piperoxan, produced "steep" competition curves with Hill coefficients close to unity, with two notable exceptions. WB-4101 and phentolamine produced competition curves with Hill coefficients significantly less than unity in the rat brain preparation. Ketanserin, an antagonist, displayed a sevenfold higher affinity for the alpha 1 sites in the pituitary tissue than in the brain tissue. These anomalies in the binding results may indicate the presence of an endogenous modulatory factor affecting agonist and antagonist affinities for the alpha 1 receptor.
Mitophagy: mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and analysis (2012)

Abstract Mitochondria are essential organelles that regulate cellular energy homeostasis and cell death. The removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, a process called mitophagy, is thus critical for maintaining proper cellular functions. Indeed, mitophagy has been recently proposed to play critical roles in terminal differentiation of red blood cells, paternal mitochondrial degradation, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia or drug-induced tissue injury. Removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy requires two steps: induction of general autophagy and priming of damaged mitochondria for selective autophagic recognition. Recent progress in mitophagy studies reveals that mitochondrial priming is mediated either by the Pink1-Parkin signaling pathway or the mitophagic receptors Nix and Bnip3. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the mechanisms of mitophagy. We also discuss the pathophysiological roles of mitophagy and current assays used to monitor mitophagy.
Piezoelectric paint sensor for ultrasonic NDE (2007)

This paper deals with a distributed acoustic emission sensing method, which is especially suitable for piezoelectric paint. Piezoelectric paint is a composite piezoelectric material that is comprised of tiny piezoelectric particles randomly dispersed within a polymer matrix phase. An overview of the distributed acoustic emission sensing method for defect monitoring is given in this paper. The use of piezoelectric materials for ultrasonic signal measurements is next discussed along with a series of ultrasonic tests performed to verify the ultrasonic sensing capability of piezoelectric paint. To examine the mechanism of the distributed acoustic emission sensing method for crack initiation detection, the results of a finite element simulation based study is presented in this paper. The finite element model used in the parametric study is calibrated with experimental data. The effect of sensor numbers included in the array has been studied using both simulation and experimental data. Based on the preliminary results of this study, piezoelectric paint sensor appears to hold a potential for use in on-line monitoring of cracks such as those caused by fatigue in metal structures although more work is still needed before successful practical application can be made.
A 32 GHz 20 dBm-P<inf>SAT</inf> transformer-based Doherty power amplifier for multi-Gb/s 5G applications in 28 nm bulk CMOS (2017)

This paper presents a 32 GHz transformer-based Doherty power amplifier (PA) in a 28 nm bulk CMOS process. There are two techniques proposed: linearization by means of AM-PM and AM-AM compensation of the class AB and the class C amplifiers; and parallel-series-parallel power power combiner, wherein a current-mode parallel combiner complements the Doherty's voltage-mode series combiner to boost the output power. A saturated output power (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SAT</sub> ) of 19.8 dBm and an OP1dB of 16 dBm are accomplished from 1V supply while supporting 15 Gb/s 64-QAM amplification at 11.7 dBm average output power. The chip achieves 21% PAE at P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SAT</sub> and occupies 0.59 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area.
Conceptual investigation of a propulsive fuselage aircraft layout (2014)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is the multi-disciplinary conceptual investigation of a propulsive fuselage (PF) aircraft layout allowing for new performance synergies through closely coupled propulsion/airframe integration. The discussed aircraft layout facilitates the ingestion of the fuselage boundary layer and the utilization of wake filling, thus eliminating a significant share of fuselage drag.
Walk to here: a voice driven animation system (2006)

We present a novel interface for directing the actions of computer animated characters and camera movements. Our system takes spoken input in combination with mouse pointing to generate desired character animation based on motion capture data. The aim is to achieve a more natural animation interface by supporting the types of dialogue and pointing that might be used when one person is explaining a desired motion to another person. We compare our voice-driven system with a button-driven animation interface that has equivalent capabilities. An informal user study indicates that for the test scenarios, the voice-user interface (VUI) is faster than an equivalent graphical user interface (GUI). Potential applications include storyboarding for film or theatre, directing characters in video games, and scene reconstruction.
A Miniature $Q$-Band Balanced Sub-Harmonically Pumped Image Rejection Mixer (2007)

This work presents a miniature Q-band balanced single side-band sub-harmonically pumped image rejection diode mixer (SHIRM) using a compact Marchand dual balun design. The SHIRM is realized employing four anti-parallel diode pairs for frequency mixing, a Lange coupler for radio frequency (RF) signal input, and a reduced size three-conductor-line Marchand dual balun for local oscillator pumping. The length of three-conductor-line dual balun is reduced by 81% after shunting two lumped capacitors at the center conductor. The measured results exhibit a minimum conversion loss of 8.6 dB, a maximum image rejection ratio of 22 dB, all ports isolation better than 37 dB, and an input 1-dB compression point of 2.5 dBm at RF bandwidth of 40.5 to 43.5 GHz and fixed intermediate frequency of 2.4 GHz. The chip area is very compact, only 1 times 0.84mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>
Deep learning-based framework for comprehensive mask optimization (2019)

With the dramatically increase of design complexity and the advance of semiconductor technology nodes, huge difficulties appear during design for manufacturability with existing lithography solutions. Sub-resolution assist feature (SRAF) insertion and optical proximity correction (OPC) are both inevitable resolution enhancement techniques (RET) to maximize process window and ensure feature printability. Conventional model-based SRAF insertion and OPC methods are widely applied in industrial application but suffer from the extremely long runtime due to iterative optimization process. In this paper, we propose the first work developing a deep learning framework to simultaneously perform SRAF insertion and edge-based OPC. In addition, to make the optimized masks more reliable and convincing for industrial application, we employ a commercial lithography simulation tool to consider the quality of wafer image with various lithographic metrics. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework are demonstrated in experimental results, which also show the success of machine learning-based lithography optimization techniques for the current complex and large-scale circuit layouts.
A novel scheme for material updating in source distribution optimization of magnetic devices using sensitivity analysis (2005)

A novel material updating scheme, which does not require intermediate states of a material used, is presented for source distribution optimization problems. A mutation factor to determine a degree of topological change in the next design stage on the basis of a current layout accelerates the convergence of an objective function. Easy implementation and fast convergence of the scheme are verified using two MRI design problems where current and permanent magnet distributions have been optimized, respectively.
On the utility of bytewise approximate matching in computer science with a special focus on digital forensics investigations (2014)

Handling hundreds of thousands of files is a major challenge in today’s digital forensics. In order to cope with this information overload, investigators often apply hash functions for automated input identification. Besides identifying exact duplicates, which is mostly solved running cryptographic hash functions, it is also necessary to cope with similar inputs (e.g., different versions of files), embedded objects (e.g., a JPG within a office document), and fragments (e.g., network packets). Thus, the essential idea is to complement the use of cryptographic hash functions, to detect data objects with bytewise identical representation, with the capability to find objects with bytewise similar representations.
Unlike cryptographic hash functions, which have a wide range of applications and have been studied as well as tested for a long time, approximate matching algorithms are still in their early development stages. More precisely, currently the community is missing a definition, an evaluation methodology and (additional) fields of application.
Therefore, this thesis aims at establishing approximate matching in computer sciences with a special focus on digital forensic investigations. One of our firsts step was to develop a generic definition for approximate matching, in collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) which is applicable to the different levels approximate matching, e.g., bytewise and semantic. A subsequent detailed analysis of both existing approaches uncovers different strengths and weaknesses, therefore we present improvements. To extend the range of algorithms, this work introduces three of our new algorithms, that are based on well-known techniques of computer sciences.
A core contribution of this thesis is the open source evaluation framework called FRASH which assesses tools on different criteria. Besides traditional properties (borrowed from hash functions) like generation efficiency and space efficiency (compression), we conceive methods to determine precision and recall rates based on synthetic as well as real world data.
Since digital investigations are often time critical, we improve the performance of automated file identification by a mechanism we call prefetching. Compared to a straight
￼forward analysis, the performance increases by almost 40% without additional hardware. In this context we also discuss the impact of different hashing/approximate matching algorithms for digital investigations and conclude that it is absolutely reasonable to apply crypto hashing as well as bytewise/semantic approximate matching algorithms in a prosecution.
To extend the fields of application, this thesis demonstrates the capabilities of applying approximate matching on network traffic analysis and biometric template protection. Our research shows that approximate matching is perfectly suited for data leakage prevention and can also be applied for biometric template protection, biometric data compression and efficient biometric identification.
High-Accuracy Optical Homodyne Detection with Low-Efficiency Detectors: "Preamplification" from Antisqueezing (1994)

A novel experimental scheme is proposed that allows us to avoid the deterioration of homodyne detection measurements due to nonideal detectors. The basic idea is to "preamplify" the signal by means of antisqueezing. Experimentally, we would employ a squeezer, e.g., a degenerate optical parametric amplifier, that squeezes just the nonobserved quadrature component of the electric field while antisqueezing the conjugate component which is measured. It is shown that for sufficiently strong antisqueezing one achieves the same measurement accuracy as with perfectly efficient detectors. In particular, in this way the actual Wigner function can be reconstructed in cptical homodyne tomography.
Planar shape classification using hidden Markov model (2002)

A planar shape-recognition approach is presented which is based on hidden Markov models and autoregressive parameters. This approach segments closed shapes into segments and explores the characteristic relations between consecutive segments to make classification at a finer level. The algorithm can tolerate much shape contour perturbation, and a moderate amount of occlusion. The overall classification scheme is independent of shape orientation. Excellent recognition results have been reported. A distinct advantage of the approach is that the classifier does not have to be trained all over again when a new class of shapes is added.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An eight-channel add-drop filter using vertically coupled microring resonators over a cross grid (1999)

An eight-channel add-drop cross-grid vertically coupled microring resonator (VCMRR) filter is proposed and demonstrated. The cross grid comprises a grid-like array of buried channel waveguides which perpendicularly cross through each other, VCMRRs at each of the cross-grid nodes serve as the wavelength selective add-drop filters. Measured crosstalk levels at the crossings are typically less than -30 dB. Rings with a nominal radius of 10 μm are used to achieve a free-spectral range of 20 nm and optical bandwidths of 1 nm, while changes of the radii in increments of 50 nm lead to a nominal channel spacing of 5.7 nm.
Human adult retinal pigment epithelial cells as potential cell source for retina recovery (2011)

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as well as the neural retina, develops from the neuroectoderm and plays a key role in photoreceptor functions. Several degenerative eye diseases, e.g., macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa, associated with an impaired RPE function cause the loss of the photoreceptor and partial or complete blindness. Cultured RPE cells obtained from human cadaver eyes could be a valuable source for transplantation to cure retinal degenerative diseases. The paper describes RPE cell isolation, maintenance in culture, and immunohistochemical characteristics of dedifferentiated cells. It was found that RPE cells from human adults exhibit neural cell properties in vitro.
Quality assessment of high angular resolution diffusion imaging data using bootstrap on Q‐ball reconstruction (2011)

The bootstrap method can effectively assess the quality of HARDI data and can be used to evaluate new hardware and pulse sequences, perform multifiber probabilistic tractography, and provide reliability metrics to support clinical studies.
Antibody‐Dependent Enhancement of Coxsackievirus B4 Infectivity of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Results in Increased Interferon‐α Synthesis (2001)

IgG devoid of neutralizing activity and isolated from donor plasma by chromatography formed immune complexes with coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) and significantly increased the infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with CVB4. The major host cells for CVB4 infection enhanced with IgG are monocytic CD14+ cells. The roles of CVB and adenovirus receptor and Fcgamma receptor II and III have been shown. Increased viral replication and the release of infectious particles were demonstrated when interferon (IFN)-alpha produced by infected cells was first neutralized by use of antibodies. The CVB4 IgG-induced synthesis of IFN-alpha by monocytes reflected entry and uncoating of CVB4 but not of viral replication and required the presence of CVB4 RNA inside the cells. Thus, CVB4 can infect monocytes by an antibody-dependent mechanism through interactions between the virus, antiviral antibodies, and specific receptors that result in IFN-alpha production.
Immunogenicity of the Epitope of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Fused With a Hepatitis B Core Protein as Expressed in Transgenic Tobacco (2005)

A novel plant-based vaccine protecting against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) was developed by inserting the VP21 epitope into the internal region of the hepatitis B virus core antigen gene (HBcAg). The specific sequence of the VP21 epitope is located within the VP1 capsid protein of the FMD virus (FMDV). It spans 21 amino acids located between positions 140 and 160 of the G-H loop. The fusion gene, HBCVP, was inserted into the plant binary vector pBI121 and then transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404. The presence of HBCVP in the tobacco genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); its transcription was verified by reverse transcription-PCR; and the recombinant protein expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The results of immunologic microscopic observation demonstrated that recombinant fusion protein HBCVP can form a virus-like particle (VLP) structure in transgenic tobacco leaves. Mice, immunized intraperitoneally with a soluble crude extract of transgenic tobacco leaves, were found to produce specific antibody responses to both HBcAg and FMDV VP1. A virus challenge demonstrated that the immunized mice were highly protected against virulent FMD. This work describes a new way to develop an FMD vaccine from plants that will aid the development of new vaccines using HBcAg fused to the conserved epitopes of other pathogenic antigens.
Synthesis and Surface and Antimicrobial Properties of Novel Cationic Surfactants (2000)

A series of surfactants with tuned polarity were prepared, including a new class of compounds: gluco-pyridinium surfactants. Pure anomers were obtained by chromatographic separation. The conductivity and surface tension of surfactant solutions in water were measured, and provided interesting information regarding their aggregation behavior. Peculiarities were observed in the premicellar range. Tensidic parameters correlated with antimicrobial activity. A few parameters, mainly the hydrophobicity of the headgroup, may play a role in finding more efficient antimicrobial structures.
Drac: An Architecture for Anonymous Low-Volume Communications (2010)

Abstract. We present Drac, a system designed to provide anonymity and unobservability for real-time instant messaging and voice-over-IP communications against a global passive adversary. The system uses a relay based anonymization mechanism where circuits are routed over a social network in a peer-to-peer fashion, using full padding strategies and separate epochs to hide connection and disconnection events. Unlike established systems, Drac gives away the identity of a user’s friends to guarantee the unobservability of actual calls, while still providing anonymity when talking to untrusted third parties. We present the core design and components of Drac, we discuss the key ways in which it challenges our current concepts of anonymity and provide an initial simulation-based security analysis. 1
Access to services is the key (2009)

No one wants to get old, but I guess it beats the alternative. Well, it should, but there is new evidence that older people face ageism and neglect of their mental health problems in the NHS. In one of its last reports, the Healthcare Commission found that older people were not able to access the full range of services that working age people are entitled to.
Performing microchannel temperature cycling reactions using reciprocating reagent shuttling along a radial temperature gradient (2005)

This study develops a novel temperature cycling strategy for executing temperature cycling reactions in laser-etched poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic chips. The developed microfluidic chip is circular in shape and is clamped in contact with a circular ITO heater chip of an equivalent diameter. Both chips are fabricated using an economic and versatile laser scribing process. Using this arrangement, a self-sustained radial temperature gradient is generated within the microfluidic chip without the need to thermally isolate the different temperature zones. This study demonstrates the temperature cycling capabilities of the reported microfluidic device by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process using ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL) gene as a template. The temperature ramping rate of the sample inside the microchannel is determined from the spectral change of a thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) solution pumped into the channel. The present results confirm that a rapid thermal cycling effect is achieved despite the low thermal conductivity of the PMMA substrate. Using IR thermometry, it is found that the radial temperature gradient of the chip is approximately 2 degrees C mm(-1). The simple system presented in this study has considerable potential for miniaturizing complex integrated reactions requiring different cycling parameters.
Drug Addiction and the Memory Systems of the Brain (2008)

We review drug addiction from the perspective of the hypothesis that drugs of abuse interact with distinct brain memory systems. We focus on emotional and procedural forms of memory, encompassing Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, both for action-outcome and for stimulus-response associations. Neural structures encompassed by these systems include the amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and dorsal striatum. Additional influences emanate from the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex, which are implicated in the encoding and retrieval of drug-related memories that lead to drug craving and drug use. Finally, we consider the ancillary point that chronic abuse of many drugs may impact directly on neural memory systems via neuroadaptive and neurotoxic effects that lead to cognitive impairments in which memory dysfunction is prominent.
Superconductivity in a quasi-one-dimensional spin liquid (1994)

The single-rung t-J ladder is analyzed in a mean-field theory using Gutzwiller renormalization of the matrix elements to account for strong correlation. The spin-liquid (resonance valence bond) state at half-filling evolves into a superconducting state upon doping. The order parameter has a modified d-wave character. A lattice of weakly coupled ladders should show a superconducting phase transition.
Phase decomposition and structural defects in a Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor (1990)

Phase decomposition of a bulk Y2Ba4Cu8O16 superconductor has been studied. The microstructure of the sample is heavily faulted and contains many stacking defects, including a new ‘‘125’’ structure. It is likely that these fine-scale (10–30 Å thick) stacking defects are responsible for the significantly improved flux pinning in the phase-decomposed sample. It is proposed that the decomposition process begins with the reaction ‘‘248’’ 0&gt;&lt;fv/0 ‘‘123’’+‘‘125’’, which could possibly occur by a spontaneous, short-range diffusion reaction. Further decomposition involves gradual removal of the extra CuO chains by long-range diffusion to produce a mixture of ‘‘123’’+CuO.