gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Methoxy‐substituted Chalcones and <i>in vitro</i> Evaluation of their Anticancer Potential (2013)

Methoxy-substituted chalcones, 3 were obtained using simple, efficient method from 2-naphtylethanone, 1 and aromatic aldehydes, 2. The in vitro cytotoxicity activities of the chalcones against a panel of three human cancer cell lines were explored. The tested compounds were found to possess significant cytotoxic activity. The DNA strand break and damage was quantified through alkaline comet assay, flow cytometric analysis, and chromatin condensation studies, which revealed the apoptotic nature of the compounds. Compound 3c, (3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-naphthyl) prop-2-en-1-one) showed highest cytotoxicity of 0.019 μm against HeLa, 0.020 μm against HCT15 and 0.022 μm against A549. Compound 3e, (3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-naphthyl) prop-2-en-1-one) showed better IC50 values against all the three cell lines employed for the study.
Delayed vaccine virus replication in chickens vaccinated subcutaneously with an immune complex infectious bursal disease vaccine: quantification of vaccine virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction. (2005)

The distribution of the immune complex vaccine virus for infectious bursal disease (IBD) in tissue was examined and the viral loads of the organs were quantitatively compared. One-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) and maternally immune broiler chickens were injected subcutaneously with the vaccine. Lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues were collected at various time intervals during the experiment to test for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-RNA by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Only the bursa of Fabricius was found to be positive with unusually long viral persistence in the broiler group. The positive bursa samples were further investigated by using real-time PCR coupled with a TaqMan probe. The highest amounts of the virus were detected at its first appearance in the bursa: on day 14 post vaccination (PV) in the SPF chickens and on day 17 and day 21 PV in the maternally immune broiler group. The virus then gradually cleared, most likely due to the arallel appearance of the active immune response indicated by seroconversion.
Optical Markers in Duodenal Mucosa Predict the Presence of Pancreatic Cancer (2007)

Here, we showed, for the first time, that optical analysis of histologically normal duodenal mucosa can predict the presence of pancreatic cancer without direct visualization of the pancreas.
Microdissection: A method developed to investigate mechanisms involved in transmissible spongiform encephalopathy pathogenesis (2004)

The microdisssection method described can be used to generate samples suitable for a range of biochemical techniques. Using these samples a range of assays can be carried out which will help to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TSE pathogenesis. The method would also be useful for any study requiring the investigation of discrete areas within the murine brain.
ISO‐CADICA: Isotopic – continuous, automated dissolved inorganic carbon analyser (2012)

Currently, collecting and analysing large numbers of samples for δ(13)C(DIC) measurements is not trivial, but essential for accurate carbon models, particularly on small scales. The ISO-CADICA enables on-site, high-resolution determination of DIC concentration and δ(13)C(DIC) values with no need for sample storage and laboratory analysis. The initial tests indicate that this system can offer accuracy approaching that of traditional IRMS analysis.
Benzoates, p-Aminobenzoates and Phenylurethans of 2-Alkylaminoethanols (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzoates, p-Aminobenzoates and Phenylurethans of 2-AlkylaminoethanolsArthur C. Cope and Evelyn M. HancockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 9, 1448–1453Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01237a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01237a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discussion of recombination current mechanisms at grain boundaries in the bulk: a simplified model (2005)

The disruption of the periodic crystal lattice at the boundaries of crystal grains in polycrystalline silicon causes a high density of states within the 'band gap' and hence generally leads to bending of the electronic bands. In this paper we present a simplified model for recombination current mechanisms at such grain boundaries in the bulk, faraway from the p-n junction. We show that even if the Fermi level at the grain boundary is pinned in the middle of the bandgap the ideality factor of the associated recombination current is not necessarily equal to '2'. Only at higher voltages, when the minority carrier quasi Fermi level is approximately constant across the grain, the total recombination increases with voltage according to an ideality factor m = 2. At lower voltages the minority carrier flow to the recombination active grain boundaries is limited by diffusion and thus the total recombination current is described by m =1. We further show that the influence of the grain boundary recombination decreases with increasing doping. Consequently, doping can cause effects describable as grain boundary passivation.
Upscaling uncertainty analysis in a shallow-marine environment (2008)

Geological models are often created at a scale finer than is suitable for flow simulation and also ignore the effects of sub-cellular heterogeneities. Upscaling of static and dynamic reservoir properties is an important process that captures the impact of smaller scales, ensuring that both heterogeneity and the flow physics are represented more accurately. A Geopseudo upscaling approach for shallow-marine reservoirs is presented, which captures the essential flow characteristics across a range of scales from laminae to the simulation grid. Starting with a base-case set of minimum assumptions enables generation of one set of pseudo-relative permeability and capillary pressure curves per facies. This is then expanded to investigate the limitations of these assumptions and compare their impact against variations in large-scale geological and structural parameters. For the analysis, two-level full factorial experimental design is used to determine important parameters. A comparison of upscaling effects is also performed. The most important upscaling and fine-scale parameters identified by the analysis are the shape of the capillary pressure curve, lamina-scale permeability variation and upscaling flow speed. Of similar importance are the sedimentological parameters for shoreline aggradation angle and curvature. Fault direction (perpendicular and parallel to the shoreline) and the fine-scale upscaling method are of moderate to low importance. The shallow-marine parameter for clinoform barrier strength and the direction of flow considered when upscaling are unimportant. Analysis of upscaling effects suggests that the algorithm used at the intermediate scale is not important, while the assumed flow speed is very important, typically resulting in a 10% maximum variation in cumulative recovery. Fine-scale properties and upscaling methods affect recovery mostly due to increased initial water saturations but also because of early breakthrough.
BIOCHEMISTRY and FUNCTION of STEROLS (2020)

Inhibitors of 2,3-Oxidosqualene Cyclase as Tools for Studying the Mechanism and Function of the Enzyme, L. Cattel and M. Ceruti Aromatase Inhibitors, J. O'Neal Johnston Variability of Metabolism and Function of Sterols in Insects, J.A. Svoboda Oxysterols and Apoptosis: Evidence for Gene Regulation Outside the Cholesterol Pathway, E.B. Thompson and S. Ayala-Torres Tracing Steroid Synthesis in Plants, H.W. Groeneveld Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Sterol Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, N.D. Lees, M. Bard, and D.R. Kirsch 19-Noraldosterone, Y. Takeda Enzymology of Phytosterol Transformations, W.D. Nes and M. Venkatramesh Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Plants: Carbon Partitioning Within the Cytoplasmic Pathway, J.D. Newman and J. Chappell Mevalonate Biosynthesis in Plants, T.J. Bach, A. Boronat, N. Campos, A. Ferrer, and K.-U. Vollack Lanosterol Analogs: Dual-Action Inhibitors of Cholesterol Biosynthesis, L.L. Frye and D.A. Leonard Biochemistry and Function of Nematode Steroids, D.J. Chitwood Occurrence, Biosynthesis, and Putative Role of Ecdysteroids in Plants, J.H. Adler and R.J. Grebenok Regulation of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Activity by Side-Chain Oxysterols and Their Derivatives, E.J. Parish, S.C. Parish, and S. Li Biological Effects of Brassinosteroids, C. Brosa Vitamin D: A Hormonal Regulator of the cAMP Signaling Pathway, J.P. Berg and E. Haug Protein Isoprenylation in Plants, S.K. Randall and D.N. Crowell Chemical Modulation of Activity in Steroidal Estrogens, E. Palomino Use of Sterol Mutants as Probes for Sterol Functions in the Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, L.W. Parks, J.H. Crowley, F.W. Leak, S.J. Smith, and M.E. Tomeo Integration of the Metabolic Pathways of Steroids, Carotenoids, and Retinoids, A.M. Gawienowski Index
Polymeric optical intensity modulator optimized in quasi-single mode operation (1996)

An electro-optic polymer intensity modulator designed in the heavily multimode region but operating as a quasi-single mode waveguide has been demonstrated. The device relaxes much of the trade-off relationship between the modulation voltage and coupling efficiency without the sacrifice of the modulation extinction ratio. The device poled at 1.5 MV/cm shows half-wave voltage–length product of 7.2 V cm, modulation extinction ratio better than 20 dB, and mode diameters of about 4 and 9 μm in vertical and lateral directions, respectively.
Interaction of Janus Kinases JAK-1 and JAK-2 with the Insulin Receptor and the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (1998)

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) treatment of cells overexpressing the insulin receptor or the IGF-1 receptor promotes phosphorylation and activation of Janus kinases JAK-1 and JAK-2 but not of TYK-2. With insulin, we observed maximal phosphorylation of JAK-1 within 2 min (5.2 0.6-fold) and maximal phosphorylation of JAK-2 within 10 min (2.4 0.6-fold). In cells incubated with IGF-1, we found maximal phosphorylation of JAK-2 within 2 min (1.9 0.2-fold) and of JAK-1 within 5 min (4.5 0.4-fold). The JAKs from insulin-or IGF-1-stimulated cells were activated, as shown by their autophosphorylation in vitro. Moreover, they were able to phosphorylate in vitro native insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and a fragment of IRS-2 (GST-IRS-2591-786). Comparison of 32 P-peptide maps of IRS-1 phosphorylated in vitro by the insulin receptor vs. JAK-1 showed the occurrence of different phosphopeptides, suggesting that different sites are likely to be phosphorylated by the two kinases. Finally, coprecipitation of receptors and JAK-1 was seen, and phosphorylation of both receptors was found to be necessary for receptor binding to JAK-1. Two domains of JAK-1 are involved in the formation of the complex between receptor and JAK-1, i.e. the N-terminal portion containing JH7 and JH6 domains, and the C-terminal kinase domain (JH1 domain).
Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry coupled to Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry for the analysis of Complex Mixtures. (2017)

Analytical Characterization of complex mixtures, such as crude oil, environmental samples, and biological mixtures, is challenging because of the large diversity of molecular components. Mass spectrometry based techniques are among the most powerful tools for the separation of molecules based on their molecular composition, and the coupling of ion mobility spectrometry has enabled the separation and structural elucidation using the tridimensional structure of the molecule. The present work expands the ability of analytical chemists by furthering the development of IMS-MS instrumentation by coupling Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (TIMS-FT-ICR MS). The TIMS-FT-ICR MS platform combines the high-resolution separation of TIMS, which has mobility resolving powers up to 400, and ultra-high mass resolution of FT-ICR MS, with mass resolving power over 1,000,000. This instrumentation allows the assignment of exact chemical composition for compounds in a complex mixture, as well as measurement of the collision cross-section of the molecule. Herein, the principles of the TIMS separation and its coupling to FT-ICR MS are described, as well as how the platform can be applied to targeted analysis of molecules, and untargeted characterization of complex mixtures. Molecular standards were analyzed by TIMS-MS in order to develop a computational workflow that can be utilized to elucidate molecular structure, using the measured collision cross-section of the ion. This workflow enabled identification of structural, cis/trans isomers, and chelated molecules and provides the basis for unsupervised structural elucidation of a complex mixture, and in particular for the elucidation of hydrocarbons from fossil fuels. In summary, this work presents the coupling of TIMS-FT-ICR MS and provides examples of applications as a proof of concept of the potential of this platform for solving complex analytical challenges.
Identification and isolation of a major cell surface glycoprotein of Pneumocystis carinii (1989)

Radioiodination of rat-derived Pneumocystis carinii obtained from an in vitro culture demonstrated the presence of a major surface glycoprotein (gp120). The glycoprotein was of the high mannose type. It exhibited adherence properties similar to those observed in the intact organism. Under nonreducing conditions, it existed as an aggregate with a molecular weight in excess of 2 x 10(6). Surface aggregating behavior and adherent quality prevented isolation of the glycoprotein by conventional methods. The glycoprotein was purified by chromatography on hydroxyapatite in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate under reducing conditions.
Changes in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels after treatment with oral isotretinoin. A prospective study (1983)

• Twenty men with nodulocystic acne were treated with oral isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) for four months. Plasma lipids and lipoprotein determinations were obtained before and during treatment to quantitate the effects of oral isotretinoin on lipid metabolism. Maximum isotretinoin-induced elevations in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were 67% and 16%, respectively. Additional maximal changes included very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increases of 56%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increases of 22%, and high-density lipoprotein decreases of 10% from pretreatment values. Chronic increases in plasma cholesterol levels, increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels may predispose subjects to premature atherosclerosis. Because of the potential for unmasking an occult lipid or lipoprotein disorder, the plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles of subjects receiving isotretinoin should be carefully monitored. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1983;119:987-993)
Secure Attribute-Based Signature Scheme With Multiple Authorities for Blockchain in Electronic Health Records Systems (2018)

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are entirely controlled by hospitals instead of patients, which complicates seeking medical advices from different hospitals. Patients face a critical need to focus on the details of their own healthcare and restore management of their own medical data. The rapid development of blockchain technology promotes population healthcare, including medical records as well as patient-related data. This technology provides patients with comprehensive, immutable records, and access to EHRs free from service providers and treatment websites. In this paper, to guarantee the validity of EHRs encapsulated in blockchain, we present an attribute-based signature scheme with multiple authorities, in which a patient endorses a message according to the attribute while disclosing no information other than the evidence that he has attested to it. Furthermore, there are multiple authorities without a trusted single or central one to generate and distribute public/private keys of the patient, which avoids the escrow problem and conforms to the mode of distributed data storage in the blockchain. By sharing the secret pseudorandom function seeds among authorities, this protocol resists collusion attack out of N from N -1 corrupted authorities. Under the assumption of the computational bilinear Diffie-Hellman, we also formally demonstrate that, in terms of the unforgeability and perfect privacy of the attribute-signer, this attribute-based signature scheme is secure in the random oracle model. The comparison shows the efficiency and properties between the proposed method and methods proposed in other studies.
Communications: an analysis of the apparel pattern‐making process (1995)

Apparel pattern making is an age‐old occupation which is full of heuristics and unwritten rules. These rules have yet to be comprehensively studied for possible incorporation into apparel CAD systems. At present, most of these systems have drafting subsystems that address only a portion of this process. Explores pattern making in detail. Seeks to identify the motivations behind all its procedures and operations. A knowledge of such motivations provides a better understanding of the whole process. This knowledge can subsequently be used to design better computer‐aided pattern‐making systems.
Electrical and Optical Properties of High-Resistivity Gallium Phosphide (1966)

Static and dynamic photoconductive properties of single-crystal high-resistivity (compensated) GaP have been studied in the intrinsic and near infrared spectral region at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 27\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Room-temperature resistivities in excess of ${10}^{14}$ \ensuremath{\Omega}-cm have been produced by copper diffusions into either $n$- or $p$-type GaP. Large photoconductivity gains have been measured for intrinsic radiation: Gains in some cases exceeded ${10}^{4}$ for fields of ${10}^{3}$ V/cm. The photoconductivity is strongly influenced by traps. In $p$-type material infrared radiation produces stimulation of the dark conductivity. But in $n$-type material, at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, infrared radiation stimulates only the dark conductivity and quenches the intrinsic photoconductivity at the same photon energies. Thermal-probe measurements indicate that the stimulations are due to increased hole current. At 27\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, only stimulation is observed regardless of the level of intrinsic photoconductivity, but this latter response is due to increased electron current. At the intermediate temperature of 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, stimulation (electron and hole) and quenching are present, and the over-all behavior is more complex. Also discussed are room-temperature measurements of space-charge-limited currents which indicate the presence of deep electron traps. An energy-level diagram is presented which can explain these observations. Principal features include electron traps about 0.6 eV below the conduction band, recombination levels near the center of the band gap, and "sensitizing" hole traps about 0.7 eV above the valence band. In addition, measurements of photovoltaic currents and photocapacitance of surface-barrier junctions are presented and shown to represent independent verification of the presence and energy of the "sensitizing" hole-trap levels and the polarity of the charge carriers released by the infrared radiation: Extrinsic photovoltaic response is present and is stimulated by intrinsic radiation in $n$-type material only; strong infrared quenching is seen of intrinsic photovoltaic currents in $p$-type material and of intrinsic photocapacitance in $n$-type material.
Video quality assessment and machine learning: Performance and interpretability (2015)

In this work we compare a simple and a complex Machine Learning (ML) method used for the purpose of Video Quality Assessment (VQA). The simple ML method chosen is the Elastic Net (EN), which is a regularized linear regression model and easier to interpret. The more complex method chosen is Support Vector Regression (SVR), which has gained popularity in VQA research. Additionally, we present an ML-based feature selection method. Also, it is investigated how well the methods perform when tested on videos from other datasets. Our results show that content-independent cross-validation performance on a single dataset can be misleading and that in the case of very limited training and test data, especially in regards to different content as is the case for many video datasets, a simple ML approach is the better choice.
Microstructured Rhodium Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas under Pressure (2001)

Microstructured honeycomb catalysts made of rhodium were manufactured and tested in the partial oxidation of methane under different experimental conditions. Even at operating pressures of up to 1.2 MPa with oxygen and up to 2.0 MPa with air, the catalyst was not found to be adversely affected by the reaction heat caused by the total oxidation taking place at the catalyst inlet. The high thermal conductivity of rhodium contributes to a good heat distribution in the flow direction, which is reflected by significantly increased conversions and CO and H2 selectivities compared to those obtained by using a stack of commercial Pt/Rh gauzes. Increasing catalyst temperatures lead to an increase in the syngas yield. However, the thermodynamic equilibrium of the reaction was not reached in the experiments. Deactivitation of the catalyst was not observed during experimental operation.