gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Flow-Sensitive microRNAs in Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis (2014)

Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to disturbed flow, in part, due to alterations in gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding genes that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNA transcripts. Emerging evidence indicates that alteration of flow conditions regulate expression of miRNAs in endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. These flow-sensitive miRNAs, known as mechano-miRs, regulate endothelial gene expression and can regulate endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. MiRNAs such as, miR-10a, miR-19a, miR-23b, miR-17-92, miR-21, miR-663, miR-92a, miR-143/145, miR-101, miR-126, miR-712, miR-205, and miR-155, have been identified as mechano-miRs. Many of these miRNAs were initially identified as flow sensitive in vitro and were later found to play a critical role in endothelial function and atherosclerosis in vivo through either gain-of-function or loss-of-function approaches. The key signaling pathways that are targeted by these mechano-miRs include the endothelial cell cycle, inflammation, apoptosis, and nitric oxide signaling. Furthermore, we have recently shown that the miR-712/205 family, which is upregulated by disturbed flow, contributes to endothelial inflammation and vascular hyperpermeability by targeting tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3, which regulates metalloproteinases and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases. The mechano-miRs that are implicated in atherosclerosis are termed as mechanosensitive athero-miRs and are potential therapeutic targets to prevent or treat atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mechanosensitive athero-miRs and their role in vascular biology and atherosclerosis.
Data Stream Management Issues { A Survey (2003)

Traditional databases store sets of relatively static records with no pre-defined notion of time, unless timestamp attributes are explicitly added. While this model adequately represents commercial catalogues or repositories of personal information, many current and emerging applications require support for on-line analysis of rapidly changing data streams. Limitations of traditional DBMSs in supporting streaming applications have been recognized, prompting research to augment existing technologies and build new systems to manage streaming data. The purpose of this paper is to review recent work in data stream management systems, with an emphasis on data models, continuous query languages, and query evaluation and optimization techniques. We also give examples of streaming queries in various applications and review related work in modeling lists and sequences. 1
Degradation of Polymers in Hostile Environments (1983)

The influences of "hostile environment" on polymers - heat, irradiation, mechanical and electrical abuse, the action of aggressive chemicals - may be generally classified in: a) changes of the chemical character and microstructure of the individual macromolecules, and b) changes in the supermolecular structure and texture of the system. a) These changes include: decrease of the molecular weight by chain scission which causes a reduction of tensile strength, modulus and toughness, introduction of reactive (polar) groups which cause changes in compatibility, electrical and optical behavior, introduction of light-absorbing groups which cause discoloration, and internal cyclization of the chains which may result in hardening and decrease in toughness. b) These changes include: crosslinking between hitherto independent macromolecules; a moderate extent may have favorable consequences but too much of it causes reduced impact strength and brittleness, additional crystallization; here again a certain degree of this change may be advantageous whereas too much may cause opacity, haze and crack formation, and release of gaseous fragments causing bubble formation and reducing strength. A few examples for particularly drastic influences of hostile environment on polymeric systems will be discussed.
Mechanism design and analysis of a proposed wheelchair-exoskeleton hybrid robot for assisting human movement (2019)

Abstract. As a conventional mobile assistance device, a wheelchair makes people suffer from skin injuries such as bed sores and ulcer, owing to sitting on a wheelchair for a long period. And the wheelchair is barely able to adapt to complex terrains, such as stairs. With the development of robotic technology, the rise of lower-limb exoskeleton robotics provides a new means of motion assistance, and provides training of motor ability. However, it can't support a user to compete long-distance movement because a user need consume much energy to keep balance. Considering the merits and demerits of wheelchairs and exoskeletons, we propose a novel hybrid motion assistant robot that combines both. The biggest challenge is the design of a mechanism that can transform the robot from a wheelchair into an exoskeleton, as well as the reverse transformation. To achieve this goal, the mechanism must be able to achieve three configurations: the wheelchair configuration, the support configuration, and the exoskeleton configuration. To reduce the weight of the robot and make it more compact, the linkages and actuators in the mechanism are designed to be reusable when the configuration changes. The mechanism is designed based on the analysis of functional requirements, and distributed synthesis of the mechanism is adopted. The kinematics and statics of every configuration are discussed in detail, to obtain the most reasonable dimensions using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The mechanism performance is simulated and verified using ADAMS software. Finally, an experimental prototype is constructed for preliminary tests.
Determination of deep energy levels in Si by MOS techniques (1972)

Ions are implanted into a Si–SiO2 interface. If the distribution is several hundred angstroms wide, the ions create interface states at energies corresponding to their bulk levels. With most elements investigated, agreement with previous data is good. Energy levels of the elements Se, Be, Cd, Sn, Ti, Pb, S, C, Ba, Ta, V, Mn, Cs, and Ge were determined by the MOS technique.
Compensating for miter bends in cylindrical tubing (2007)

Miter bends in cylindrical tubing perturb wave propagation in a way that may alter the desired resonance properties in musical instruments. The nature of the perturbations and several methods of compensating for them at low frequencies are described.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-lycodoline (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-lycodolineClayton H. Heathcock and Edward F. KleinmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1, 222–223Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00391a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00391a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views802Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cardiovascular Responses Evoked by Leptin Acting on Neurons in the Ventromedial and Dorsomedial Hypothalamus (2003)

Leptin, a circulating hormone produced by adipose tissue, is believed to act on the hypothalamus to increase sympathetic vasomotor activity, in addition to its well-known effects on appetite and energy expenditure. In this study, we determined the cardiovascular effects of direct application of leptin to specific cell groups within the hypothalamus that are known to be activated by circulating leptin. In rats anesthetized with urethane, microinjections of leptin (16 ng in 20 nL solution) were made into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, and paraventricular nucleus. Compared with vehicle solution, microinjections of leptin into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus evoked significant increases in arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity, but not heart rate. In contrast, microinjections of leptin into the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus evoked significant increases in arterial pressure and heart rate but not renal sympathetic nerve activity, whereas microinjections of leptin into the paraventricular nucleus had no significant effect on any of the measured cardiovascular variables. These results indicate that the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic regions might be important sites at which leptin activation leads to increases in sympathetic vasomotor activity and heart rate, as occurs in obesity-related hypertension.
An experimentally validated approach to calculate the blood-brain barrier permeability of small molecules (2019)

Drug development for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is extremely challenging, in large part due to the difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here we develop and experimentally validate a new in silico method to predict quantitatively the BBB permeability for small-molecule drugs. We show accurate prediction of solute permeabilities at physiological temperature using high-temperature unbiased atomic detail molecular dynamics simulations of spontaneous drug diffusion across BBB bilayers. These simulations provide atomic detail insights into the transport mechanisms, as well as converged kinetics and thermodynamics. The method is validated computationally against physiological temperature simulations for fast-diffusing compounds, as well as experimentally by direct determination of the compound permeabilities using a transwell assay as an in vitro BBB model. The overall agreement of the predicted values with both direct simulations at physiological temperatures and experimental data is excellent. This new tool has the potential to replace current semi-empirical in silico screening and in vitro permeability measurements in CNS drug discovery.
Determination of the crystallinity of calcined and graphitic cokes by X-ray diffraction† (1998)

Although the Scherrer equation has been the basis of the XRD method for the determination of the crystallinity of calcined coke, the most accurate interpretation of coke crystallinity involves profile analysis. In this paper, the general background related to coke crystallinity (Lc) determination is described, Alcan and ASTM standard methods are compared and line breadth as a function of crystallite size is characterized. At present, it is generally understood that the coke graphitization process occurs during calcination of coke and is related not only to the calcination temperature, but also to other parameters (composition, process conditions). As coke graphitization affects electrolytic cell performance, it should be monitored and quantified. The methods used for the determination of the degree of graphitization (DOG) and described in the literature are useful for cases involving calcination temperatures above 1800 °C. These methods are critically examined. Because known methods do not apply to the low-temperature graphitization processes (1200–1500 °C), a new approach was conceived. It is based on profile line analysis and an estimate of the graphitic contribution in coke specimen can be made. The new approach involves a commercial X-ray diffractometer and a corresponding software package and relies on profile fitting of the (002) coke peak. A calcined coke specimen or the presence of a graphitic portion in calcined coke can then be clearly recognized. During the profile fitting operation it is possible to resolve the graphitic portion from the calcined peak profile mathematically, and then to express it quantitatively. Among several profile functions that were tested, the split Pearson VII was found to give the best fit to data corresponding to calcined coke. A novel equation by which the DOG can be estimated in calcined coke is given. Selected examples of the DOG determination are described.
Analysis of the antifungal activity of ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, and ciclopirox olamine against Pityrosporum ovale. A diffusion assay for cultures in solid media (1996)

Abstract Background Recently dandruff has been associated with a local increment in the number of Pityrosporum yeasts. Due to this fact, several anti-dandruff shampoos containing antifungals have been marketed. Objective We studied the sensitivity of Pityrosporum ovale (PO) to three different groups of antimycotics (ketoconazole, Zn pyrithione, and ciclopirox olamine). Methods/Results The drugs were tested by an inhibition assay in solid medium. Ketoconazole proved to be the most effective drug in inhibiting PO growth in a dose-dependent fashion. The results of our evaluation revealed that the inhibitory effects of the drugs were ketoconazole > Zn pyrithione > ciclopirox olamine. Conclusion We postulate that the diffusion assay is a reliable medium for evaluating the effectiveness of antifungals contained in anti-dandruff shampoos.
Assessment of Cell Viability in Primary Neuronal Cultures (2008)

This unit contains five protocols for assaying cell viability in vitro using primary neuronal cultures, including a novel method for use with transfected neurons. Three of the assays are based on the principle that cell death cascades alter membrane permeability. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay measures the amount of the cytoplasmic enzyme released into the bathing medium, while the trypan blue and propidium iodide assays measure the ability of cells to exclude dye from their cytoplasm. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay measures the mitochondrial activity of viable cells by quantifying the conversion of the tetrazolium salt to its formazan product. Finally, the fifth assay details the measurement of luciferase expression as an indication of neuronal viability within a relatively small population of transfected neurons.
The effects of leader peptide sequence and length on attenuation control of the<i>trp</i>operon of<i>E.coli</i> (1991)

We have examined the effects of changing the length and codon content of the trp leader peptide coding region on expression of the trp operon of Escherichia coli, it had previously been shown that coupling of transcription and translation in the trp leader region is essential for both basal level control and tryptophan starvation control of transcription attenuation in this operon. We have found that increasing the length of the leader peptide coding region by 55 codons allowed normal basal level control and normal tryptophan starvation control. As expected, the presence of a nonsense codon early in the leader peptide coding region decreased basal expression and eliminated starvation control. Introducing tandem rare codons had no effect on basal level expression, but eliminated the tryptophan starvation response. Frameshifting at tandem rare codons was tested as the most likely explanation for loss of the tryptophan starvation response, but the results were inconclusive.
ComX activity of<i>Streptococcus mutans</i>growing in biofilms (2004)

In many streptococci, including Streptococcus mutans, genetic competence is regulated by a quorum sensing system mediated by a competence stimulating peptide (CSP) pheromone, encoded by the comC gene. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, a central component of this system is ComX, which acts as an alternative sigma factor to activate competence genes involved in DNA uptake and processing. The quorum sensing system responsible for genetic competence induction in S. mutans has been linked to biofilm formation and the acid tolerance response. To examine the response of comX to CSP in S. mutans, a transcriptional fusion of the comX promoter (pcomX) with lacZ was constructed to generate reporter vector pcomx::pALH122 (replicative vector) and transformed into S. mutans UA159 comC−, which is unable to produce endogenous CSP. CSP was added and pcomX::lacZ relative expression index (REI) examined, revealing a 2-fold increase in maximal β-gal activity 5 and 10 min after CSP addition. The effect of endogenous CSP on pcomX::lacZ expression was also examined by measuring REI in cells grown as a biofilm; peak pcomX activity was observed at 3 h. To determine the temporal pattern of transformation frequency, pMA2, a Spr shuttle vector, was transformed into biofilm-grown cells, with maximal transformation frequency observed at 3 h. Confocal microscopy was performed to examine pcomX activity using a similarly constructed green fluorescent protein reporter vector, pcomX::gfp, in a 4-h biofilm, revealing active pcomX activity in high cell density areas within the biofilm population. These results demonstrated a positive correlation between pcomX activity, natural transformation and competence development in biofilms.
High dimensional reverse nearest neighbor queries (2003)

Reverse Nearest Neighbor (RNN) queries are of particular interest in a wide range of applications such as decision support systems, profile based marketing, data streaming, document databases, and bioinformatics. The earlier approaches to solve this problem mostly deal with two dimensional data. However most of the above applications inherently involve high dimensions and high dimensional RNN problem is still unexplored. In this paper, we propose an approximate solution to answer RNN queries in high dimensions. Our approach is based on the strong correlation in practice between k-NN and RNN. It works in two phases. In the first phase the k-NN of a query point is found and in the next phase they are further analyzed using a novel type of query Boolean Range Query (BRQ). Experimental results show that BRQ is much more efficient than both NN and range queries, and can be effectively used to answer RNN queries. Performance is further improved by running multiple BRQ simultaneously. The proposed approach can also be used to answer other variants of RNN queries such as RNN of order k, bichromatic RNN, and Matching Query which has many applications of its own. Our technique can efficiently answer NN, RNN, and its variants with approximately same number of I/O as running a NN query.
The Sexual Citizen (1998)

The `sexual citizen' is a new phenomenon in the erotic world, and a new player in the political and cultural arena, a product of the new primacy of sexual subjectivity in contemporary societies. Living at the fateful juncture of private claims to space, self-determination and pleasure, and public claims to rights, justice and recognition, the sexual citizen is a hybrid being, who tells us a great deal about the pace and scale of cultural transformation and new possibilities of the self and identity. Consideration of the sexual citizen also offers a new angle on recent debates about citizenship in all its complex dimensions, bringing to the fore issues that have often been occluded in these debates. The article explores these issues through the prism of three significant social developments: the democratization of relationships; the emergence of new subjectivities; and the proliferation of new `stories' about the body, the erotic and intimate life which both signal and encourage the growth of social and cultural capital, and in turn lead to new demands on the institutions of political life.
Apolipoprotein E genotyping using the polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligonucleotide primers. (1991)

A method for apolipoprotein (apo) E genotyping was developed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with allele-specific oligonucleotide primers (ASP). Synthetic oligonucleotides with base-pair mismatches at the 3' terminus were used as primers to amplify the apoE gene in subjects previously phenotyped using isoelectric focusing (IEF). Complementary primer-allele combinations were specifically amplified by PCR, together with a control pair of primers specific to the human prothrombin gene. Identification of genotype by PCR using ASP was consistent with the phenotypes that were determined by IEF for 14 healthy normolipidemic subjects. These results were achieved using DNA isolated from buccal epithelial cells obtained from a mouthwash or DNA extracted from leukocytes. Genotype identification required analysis of the PCR products on an ethidium-stained agarose gel, yielding results 3 h after DNA extraction. In comparison with other current methods, PCR using ASP is suggested as a rapid and simple noninvasive technique for determining population apoE allelic distribution.
[Analysis of China's energy consumption and its impact on the environment in the future]. (2005)

With the development of economy and urbanization, energy consumption and its impact on the environment in the future have become a focal point in China. Based on briefly reviewing energy consumption during 1980-2000 and analyzing its impact, three scenarios are assumed to forecast energy consumption status and analyze its impact on the environment in the future. The results indicate that the emissions of SO2, NOx, CO2 and soot dust caused by energy consumption would keep a high level in the future, and there are significant differences among the three scenarios' estimates. Improving energy efficiency and strengthening the exploitation and utilization of clean and renewable energy are suggested to mitigate the environmental pollution.
Supplementation with Folic Acid during Methotrexate Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (1994)

Folic acid, an inexpensive vitamin, is safe in a broad range of doses and protects patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are taking methotrexate from toxicity while preserving the efficacy of methotrexate.
Multistatic target tracking using specular cue initiation and directed data retrieval (2008)

Abstract- The effective fusion and tracking of multistatic active sonar contacts is challenging, due to high levels of false alarm clutter present on all sonar nodes. Exploiting the occurrence of high strength detections generated by the specular geometric condition, a cueing approach can be used to selectively extract further data stored locally on the individual sonar nodes for ingestion into the multi-sensor, multi-target tracker. This approach can significantly reduce the data rate at the input to the fusion/tracking algorithm, and reduce node-to-fusion-center communication link throughput requirements. This paper describes this concept, its associated multistatic tracking algorithm, and provides results obtained using simulated multistatic data from the Multistatic Tracking Working Group (MSTWG). The results show effective tracking performance using this approach, yielding a single high quality target track with zero false tracks. The method is shown to have excellent potential in reducing the overloading of the communication links, the automated tracking algorithm, and the operator.