gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of ventilation maldistribution as an early indicator of lung disease in children with cystic fibrosis (2003)

Many children with cystic fibrosis (CF), receiving modern, aggressive CF care, have normal spirometry results. This study aimed to see if homogeneity of ventilation distribution is impaired early in the course of CF lung disease, and if ventilation inhomogeneity is a more frequent finding than abnormal spirometry in children benefiting from modern CF care. The study compared spirometry findings to two indices of ventilation inhomogeneity (mixing ratio (MR) and lung clearance index (LCI)) from multiple-breath inert gas washout in 43 children with CF, aged 3-18 yrs, and 28 healthy children. In total, 10/43 CF subjects (23%) had reduced forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and 14/34 (41%) showed abnormal maximum expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (MEF25). In contrast, MR was abnormal in 31/43 (72%) and LCI in 27/43 (63%). MR was abnormal in 22/33 CF subjects with normal FEV1, versus 0/28 controls (p<0.001), and abnormal MR was found in 10/20 CF subjects with normal MEF25, versus 0/22 controls (p<0.001). Nine of the 10 CF subjects with reduced FEV1 and 12/14 with abnormal MEF25 showed abnormal MR. Inert gas washout discloses airway dysfunction in the majority of children with cystic fibrosis with normal lung function judged by spirometry. These findings suggest that multiple-breath inert gas washout is of greater value than spirometry in detecting early cystic fibrosis lung disease.
The Erosive Potential of Soft Drinks on Enamel Surface Substrate: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation (2007)

As verified by microscopic evaluation, all test beverages displayed enamel dissolution in the following order: Red Bull>Gatorade>Coca-Cola Classic>Diet Coke.
Phrase-spaced formats improve comprehension in average readers. (1992)

College readers read and answered questions on 12 short essays. Essays formatted so that points between phrases had fractional extra space added to them were comprehended better than normally formatted text. These improvements were specific to average readers. Practically, the results justify classroom research on the benefits of phrase-sensitive formatting; theoretically, the results add to existing evidence that poor to average readers specifically lack perceptual strategies for grouping word sequences into phrases.
Development of a real-time machine vision system for the apple harvesting robot (2004)

This research describes the development of a real-time machine vision system to guide a harvesting robotic manipulator for the red Fuji apples. The machine vision system is composed of a color CCD video camera to acquire Fuji apple images at the orchard and a PC to process the acquired images. The machine vision system was able to recognize the fruit under the different lighting conditions and it could locate the fruit in less than one second.
Computational antimicrobial peptide design and evaluation against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria (2017)

There is a pressing need for new therapeutics to combat multidrug- and carbapenem-resistant bacterial pathogens. This challenge prompted us to use a long short-term memory (LSTM) language model to understand the underlying grammar, <i>i.e.</i> the arrangement and frequencies of amino acid residues, in known antimicrobial peptide sequences. According to the output of our LSTM network, we synthesized 10 peptides and tested them against known bacterial pathogens. All of these peptides displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, validating our LSTM-based peptide design approach. Our two most effective antimicrobial peptides displayed activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus,</i> and coagulase-negative staphylococci strains. High activity against extended-spectrum β-lactamase, methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>, and carbapenem-resistant strains was also observed. Our peptides selectively interacted with and disrupted bacterial cell membranes and caused secondary gene-regulatory effects. Initial structural characterization revealed that our most effective peptide appeared to be well folded. We conclude that our LSTM-based peptide design approach appears to have correctly deciphered the underlying grammar of antimicrobial peptide sequences, as demonstrated by the experimentally observed efficacy of our designed peptides.
Strain-Induced Performance Enhancement of Trigate and Omega-Gate Nanowire FETs Scaled Down to 10-nm Width (2013)

A detailed study of performance in uniaxially strained Si nanowire (NW) transistors fabricated by lateral strain relaxation of biaxial strained-SOI (sSOI) substrate is presented. Two-dimensional strain imaging demonstrates the lateral strain relaxation resulting from nanoscale patterning. An improvement of electron mobility in sSOI NW scaled down to 10-nm width is successfully demonstrated (+55 % with respect to SOI NW) due to remaining uniaxial tensile strain. This improvement is maintained even by using hydrogen annealing to form an Omega gate. For short gate length, a strain-induced <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> gain as high as +40% at <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LG</i> = 45 nm is achieved for a multiple-NW active pattern.
Cathepsin B: Multiple Enzyme Forms from aSingle Gene and Their Relation to Cancer (1996)

Overexpression and altered trafficking of cathepsin B characterize the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. Human cathepsin B is encoded by a single-copy gene located on chromosome 8p22. With its 13 exons, the gene encompasses at least 27 kb of DNA. Expression of cathepsin B can be regulated at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Multiple cathepsin B mRNA species arising from alternative splicing may be related to tissue- and tumor-specific differences in expression. There is selective overexpression, increased activity, membrane association and secretion of cathepsin B in many etiologically different cancers. This suggests that cathepsin B may play a functional role in malignant progression. Recent clinical studies provide confirmatory evidence in that cathepsin B expression is a prognostic indicator in colon carcinoma.
Insulin Is the Essential Factor Maintaining the Constitutive Expression of Hepatic Sterol 14-Demethylase P450 (CYP51) (2000)

The role of serum insulin in regulating the expression level of hepatic sterol 14-demethylase P450 (CYP51) was examined. Administration of streptozotocin, which destroys pancreatic beta-cells, caused reduction of CYP51 mRNA level in rats in parallel with the loss of serum insulin. Streptozotocin treatment also reduced the CYP51 activity. The decreased mRNA level and activity of the streptozotocin-treated rats were restored to the normal level within 24 h by repeated administration of insulin. CYP51 level of normal rats was insensitive to the circadian variation of serum insulin and insulin administration, and no significant difference was observed between the hepatic CYP51 activities of Sprague-Dawley and Wistar lean rats, although the serum insulin concentration of the latter was higher than the former. These facts indicate that the expression of hepatic CYP51 is maintained by serum insulin, and its lowest physiological level is sufficient for supporting the expression of CYP51. The responses of CYP51 expression to streptozotocin and insulin treatments were closely similar to those of the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c expression [Shimomura et al. (1999) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 13656-13661]. Based on this fact, the possible contribution of SREBP-1c to the insulin-dependent expression of hepatic CYP51 gene was also discussed.
Quantification of Protein Expression Changes in the Aging Left Ventricle of<i>Rattus norvegicus</i> (2009)

As the heart ages, electrophysiological and biochemical changes can occur, and the ventricle in many cases loses distensibility, impairing diastolic function. How the proteomic signature of the aged ventricle is unique in comparison to young hearts is still under active investigation. We have undertaken a quantitative proteomics study of aging left ventricles (LVs) utilizing the isobaric Tagging for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) methodology. Differential protein expression was observed for 117 proteins including proteins involved in cell signaling, the immune response, structural proteins, and proteins mediating responses to oxidative stress. For many of these proteins, this is the first report of an association with the aged myocardium. Additionally, two proteins of unknown function were identified. This work serves as the basis for making future comparisons of the aged left ventricle proteome to that of left ventricles obtained from other models of disease and heart failure.
Calcineurin inhibition in splenocytes induced by pavlovian conditioning (2008)

Pavlovian conditioning is one of the major neurobiological mechanisms of placebo effects, potentially influencing the course of specific diseases and the response to a pharmacological therapy, such as immunosuppression. In our study with behaviorally conditioned rats, a relevant taste (0.2% saccharin) preceded the application of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA), a specific calcineurin (CaN) inhibitor. Our results demonstrate that through pavlovian conditioning the particular pharmacological properties of CsA can be transferred to a neutral taste, i.e., CaN activity was inhibited in splenocytes from conditioned rats after reexposure to the gustatory stimulus. Concomitant immune consequences were observed on ex vivo mitogenic challenge (anti-CD3). Particularly, Th1-cytokine, but not Th2-cytokine, production and cell proliferation were impeded. Appropriate pharmacological and behavioral controls certify that all these changes in T-lymphocyte reactivity are attributable to mere taste reexposure. Furthermore, the underlying sympathetic-lymphocyte interaction was revealed modeling the conditioned response in vitro. CaN activity in CD4(+) T lymphocytes is reduced by beta-adrenergic stimulation (terbutaline), with these effects antagonized by the beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist nadolol. In summary, CaN was identified as the intracellular target for inducing conditioned immunosuppression by CsA, contributing to our understanding of the intracellular mechanisms behind "learned placebo effects."
Critique of the Classical Algebraic Analogies between Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer (1997)

New exact formulations for the limiting case of Pr → 0, the particular case of Pr = Prt = PrT, and the asymptotic case of Pr → ∞ reveal and define functional and numerical errors in all of the classical algebraic analogies between heat, mass, and momentum transfer in fully developed turbulent convection in a round tube and along a flat plate. The neglect or misrepresentation of the variation of the heat (or mass) flux density within the fluid and the misrepresentation of the molecular and turbulent transport near the wall, in the turbulent core, or in both regions are the principal sources of error in the analogies. These deficiencies are not generally identified or emphasized in our current textbooks. The continued use of some of these analogies directly or as components of a correlating equation contributes uncertainty to the design of equipment for heat and mass transferan uncertainty that is counterbalanced by the use of large safety factors.
Localization of the complement-component-C3b-binding site and the cofactor activity for factor I in the 38kDa tryptic fragment of factor H (1984)

Trypsin treatment of human factor H (H160) [enzyme/substrate ratio 1:100 (w/w), 30 min, 37 degrees C] generated a 38 kDa (H38) and a 142 kDa (H142) fragment linked by disulphide bonds (H38/142). The fragments were purified by reduction with 2-mercapto-ethanol, gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column and affinity chromatography with monoclonal anti-(factor H) antibody coupled to Sepharose 4B. This monoclonal antibody bound to a site in the 38 kDa fragment. To localize the C3b binding site in factor H we used two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (e.l.i.s.a.). For the first test, e.l.i.s.a. plates were coated with C3b; H160, H38/142, H38 and H142 were added, and their binding was monitored by goat anti-(factor H) and peroxidase-labelled rabbit anti-goat antibodies. Only intact factor H bound to the C3b-coated plates. For the second test, e.l.i.s.a. plates were coated with comparable amounts of factor H or its fragments, and C3b was offered at several dilutions. In contrast with the results from the first assay, C3b bound to intact factor H, H38/142 and H38 but not to H142, thus characterizing H38 as the fragment carrying the C3b-binding site. To identify the fragment responsible for the cofactor activity of factor H (cleavage of fluid-phase C3b by factor I), 125I-C3b was incubated with either H38 or H142 and factor I. H142 had no cofactor activity, whereas H38 had the same cofactor function as intact H. To further investigate the relationship between the C3b-binding site and the site of factor H essential for its cofactor activity, we made use of monoclonal antibodies directed against the H38. Those antibodies inhibiting the binding of C3b to H160 also inhibited the cofactor function, whereas those without effect on the C3b binding also did not interfere with the cofactor activity. This suggests that the C3b-binding site and the site essential for the cofactor activity of factor H are both localized in the 38 kDa tryptic fragment of factor H in close proximity or are identical.
Groupware: some issues and experiences (1991)

article Free Access Share on Groupware: some issues and experiences Authors: Clarence A. Ellis MCC, Austin, TX MCC, Austin, TXView Profile , Simon J. Gibbs View Profile , Gail Rein View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 34Issue 1Jan. 1991pp 39–58https://doi.org/10.1145/99977.99987Published:03 January 1991Publication History 1,687citation14,513DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1,687Total Downloads14,513Last 12 Months827Last 6 weeks82 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Absence of correlations among three putative in vivo probes of human cytochrome P4503A activity in young healthy men (1993)

In vitro studies with human liver microsomes have shown that erythromycin N-demethylation, dapsone N-hydroxylation, and the 6 beta-hydroxylation of cortisol are all primarily mediated by P4503A4. Trait measurements to assess the in vivo level of activity of these separate oxidations have also been developed previously. This study investigated the relationships among the three phenotypic trait measurements in 30 young healthy white men. The frequency distributions of the trait values were all unimodal, with a twofold range for the erythromycin breath test and the urinary dapsone recovery ratio; the urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio was more variable, with a 17-fold range of values. No statistically significant correlations were observed among any of the trait measurements (dapsone recovery ratio versus erythromycin breath test: r = -0.07, p = 0.7; urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio versus erythromycin breath test: r = -0.12, p = 0.6; urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio versus dapsone recovery ratio: r = 0.13, p = 0.5. This lack of any relationship was unexpected and the reason(s) is unknown; however, it is possible that factors such as route of administration and extrahepatic metabolism in the intestinal epithelium and kidney are involved. Further studies are required to identify and validate the use of an appropriate in vivo probe of P4503A4 in humans.
Fault diagnosis using quantitative and qualitative knowledge integration (1996)

This paper presents a novel approach to integrating quantitative and qualitative information in fault-diagnosis, and which is based on the use of associative B-spline functions. The underlying concept is to structure an artificial neural network which can model highly nonlinear systems efficiently, in a fuzzy logic format. The network could therefore be trained more rapidly and will also provide a linguistic description about the causes of faults. The diagnosis approach is put to the test through a digital simulation study of a nonlinear two-tank system.
The purification and properties of phospholipase A from human pancreas (1962)

N-PHOSPHORYL-LOMBRICINE 17described.The procedure employs anion-and cation-exchange resins for the major purification steps and produces yields of N-phosphoryl- lombricine in excess of 70 % of that present in the original extracts.Our thanks are due to Dr Joyce Fildes for elementary analyses and to Mr B.
Thermoacoustic Engines and Refrigerators: A Short Course (1999)

No abstract prepared.
Electron-rich hexasubstituted benzene derivatives and their oxidized cation radicals, dications with potential triplet ground states, and polycations (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-rich hexasubstituted benzene derivatives and their oxidized cation radicals, dications with potential triplet ground states, and polycationsJohn. Thomaides, Przemyslaw. Maslak, and Ronald. BreslowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 12, 3970–3979Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00220a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1359Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
법학방법론의 이론적 체계와 실천적 의의―소위 GS 칼텍스 사건을 중심으로― (2014)

법학방법론의 두 기둥은 “법발견(Rechtsfindung)”과 “법형성(Rechtsfortbildung)”이다, “법발견”이란 “법문언의 가능한 의미”안에 서 법률로부터 해당되는 사안에 대한 법을 찾아내는 것인 반면, 법형성이란 규율되어야 할 사안에 대한 적합한 법규정이 존재하지 않는 “법의 흠결”을 “법문언의 가능한 의미”를 넘어서서 보충하는 것이다. “법의 흠결”이란 “계획에 반하는 법률의 불완전성(planwidrige Unvollstandigkeit des Gesetzes)”을 말한다. “흠결”이라는 말은 우선 불완전성을 지시하므로 법률이 특정한 영역에 대해 어느 정도 완전한 규율을 추구할 때 법률의 “흠결”이라고 말한다. 더 나아가 흠결개념은 그 두 번째 요소로서 “계획 위반성”을 내포한다. 명시적인 흠결이 관건이 된다면, 그것의 보충은 대부분 유추의 방식을 통해 이루어지는데, 유추는 법률의 특정구성요건 A나 혹은 다수의 비슷한 구성요건들에 주어진 규칙을 법률에 의해 규율되지 않았지만 그것에 비슷한 구성요건 B에로 이전하는 것을 말한다. 목적론적 축소가 전제하는 법흠결은 은폐된 흠결인데, 왜냐하면 목적론적 축소는 법률의 목적에 비추어 볼 때 지나치게 넓게 파악된 법문의 범위를 그 목적에 맞게 축소하는 것이다. 법흠결은 유추와 목적론적 축소 이외에 법원리에 의해서도 보충된다. 이러한 법학방법론의 전반적인 구도에 근거해서 소위 GS 칼텍스의 조세감면법에 의한 법인세 부과사건이 다루어진다. 여기서 대법원은 부칙 제23조가 전면개정으로 삭제되었지만 “특별한 사정”으로 인해 아직까지 그 효력을 유지하기 때문에 그러한 과세처분은 정당하다고 판시한 반면, 헌법재판소는 실효된 규정을 대법원과 같이 아직까지 효력이 있다고 해석하는 한 부칙 제23조는 국회의 입법권을 침해하고 조세법률주의에 위반하여 위헌이라고 결정하였다(한정위헌). 이 논문은 다음과 같은 제3의 방식을 제안한다. 즉 한편으로는 헌법재판소의 주장과 달리, 법흠결의 보충인 법형성은 입법의 영역에 속하는 것이 아니라는 점이다. 그러나 다른 한편 법흠결의 보충이 법원에 속하기는 하지만 법형성에 의해 이루어지는 법관법은 항상 그 정당성이 의문시되므로 법형성이 올바로 이루어진 경우에만 정당화될 수 있다는 것이다. 요컨대 법흠결 보충에 의해 이루어진 과세부과처분은 조세법률주의라는 법치국가의 원칙에 반하기 때문에 정당화될 수 없다는 것이다.
Binomial distribution based τ-leap accelerated stochastic simulation (2004)

Recently, Gillespie introduced the tau-leap approximate, accelerated stochastic Monte Carlo method for well-mixed reacting systems [J. Chem. Phys. 115, 1716 (2001)]. In each time increment of that method, one executes a number of reaction events, selected randomly from a Poisson distribution, to enable simulation of long times. Here we introduce a binomial distribution tau-leap algorithm (abbreviated as BD-tau method). This method combines the bounded nature of the binomial distribution variable with the limiting reactant and constrained firing concepts to avoid negative populations encountered in the original tau-leap method of Gillespie for large time increments, and thus conserve mass. Simulations using prototype reaction networks show that the BD-tau method is more accurate than the original method for comparable coarse-graining in time.
Power and Bipower Variation with Stochastic Volatility and Jumps (2004)

This article shows that realized power variation and its extension, realized bipower variation, which we introduce here, are somewhat robust to rare jumps. We demonstrate that in special cases, realized bipower variation estimates integrated variance in stochastic volatility models, thus providing a model-free and consistent alternative to realized variance. Its robustness property means that if we have a stochastic volatility plus infrequent jumps process, then the difference between realized variance and realized bipower variation estimates the quadratic variation of the jump component. This seems to be the first method that can separate quadratic variation into its continuous and jump components. Various extensions are given, together with proofs of special cases of these results. Detailed mathematical results are reported in Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard (2003a).