gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS AND SOME REACTIONS OF NEW BENZO[<i>b</i>]PYRAN DERIVATIVES (1995)

Abstract Reaction of cinnamonitriles 1a,b with 3-aminophenol (2a) or resorcinol (2b) gave the corresponding benzo[b] pyran derivatives (3a-d). Compound (3a) reacted with benzaldehyde to yield monobenzyli-dencamino derivative 4. Also, reaction of (3a) with benzenesulsulphonyl chloride gave 2-amino-3-cyano-4-phenyl-7-phenylsulphonylamido-4H-benzo[b]pyran (6) which, in turn, underwent some reactions to produce new benzo[b]pyrano[6,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives (7, 9) and (10).
Direct Growth of Patterned Graphene (2016)

The direct growth of single-layer graphene patterns via electron irradiation of aromatic self-assembled monolayers and subsequent annealing is demonstrated. In this way, a reduction in the number of necessary manufacturing steps is achieved. The formed micro- and nanostructures can be arbitrarily shaped and eventually implemented in a manifold of applications.
Post-CMOS Modular Integration of Poly-SiGe Microstructures using Poly-Ge Sacrificial Layers (2000)

silicon-germanium (poly-SiGe) microstructures have been fabricated on standard CMOS wafers with aluminum metallization.
Fat removal from process waters of the fish meal industry. A study of three flotation methods (1994)

Abstract Dissolved air flotation (DAF), column flotation and electroflotation were assayed as methods for fat removal from process waters (condensates) produced during fish meal manufacture. DAF of the effluent was carried out in both batch and continuous modes at bench scale. The DAF method exhibited low efficiency in floating emulsified fat. Only a 34% of fat removal was attained. However, upon emulsion breakdown, the efficiency increased to 96%. Column flotation was assayed in a batch and continuous mode at pilot scale. Maximum batch fat removal was attained with an air flow of of 357 × 10‐4 m3 s‐1. Higher air flows induced turbulence that reduced the removal efficiency. The continuously operated column had a hydraulic residence time of 1810 s for a fat removal efficiency of 64.3% (from 0.140 to 0.05 kg of fat m‐3). Electroflotation was assayed in the batch mode in a 0.011 m3 cell. It was carried out at 4.7 Volts, 15 Amperes and at different current densities. At a current density of 130 A nr2 the calculated maximal fat removal was 76% with a residence time of 1584s. From an economic point of view, column flotation is the most efficient method adding only US$ 0.023 to the cost of the processed metric ton of fish meal (US$ 477 as an average for the last five years).
Chitosan Coated PLA Nanoparticles for Ophthalmic Delivery: Characterization,<I>In-Vitro</I> and <I>In-Vivo</I> Study in Rabbit Eye (2010)

The objective of the present study is to develop a poly (D, L-lactic acid) (PLA) nano-carrier for topical ocular applications. PLA nanoparticles (PLA-NPs) with 5-fluorouracil were prepared using varying concentration and molecular weight of PLA to regulate the particle size. The dimension and shape of nanoparticles were verified by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ex-vivo permeation study was conducted by goat and rabbit excised cornea. In-vivo experiment was conducted in rabbit eye and 5-FU concentration was measured in aqueous and vitreous humor by HPLC. In-vitro experiments indicated a diffusion controlled release of 5-FU. No significant interaction was observed in between mucin and PLA NPs that measured in terms of viscosity change. Ex-vivo permeation was significantly higher with rabbit cornea as compared to goat cornea. PLA and CH-PLA DNPs showed increased level of 5-FU as comparison to 5-FU solution. In-vivo study showed significantly higher concentration in case of uncoated and CH coated PLA nanoparticles in rabbit eye as compared to free 5-FU solution. PLA nanoparticle was found non-irritant in nature by modified Draize test.
Pattern Detection and Recognition (1959)

Two types of pattern-processing problems are discussed in this paper. The first, termed "pattern detection," consists of examining an arbitrary set of figures and selecting those having some specified form. The second problem, "pattern recognition," consists of identifying a given figure which is known to belong to one of a finite set of classes. This is the problem encountered when reading alphanumeric characters. Both recognition and detection have been successfully carried out on an IBM 704 computer which was programmed to simulate a spatial computer (a stored-program machine comprised of a master control unit directing a network of logical modules). One of the programs tested consisted of a recognition process for reading hand-lettered sans-serif alphanumeric characters. This process permits large variations in the size, shape, and proportions of the input figures and can tolerate random noise when it is well scattered in small specks. Programs for detecting L-shaped (or A-shaped) figures in the presence of other randomly drawn patterns have also been successfully tested.
SELECTIVE BUTYLAMINATION OF 5,8-DIHYDROXY-1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE PROMOTED BY COPPER SALTS (1979)

Abstract Selective butylamination promoted by copper salts was observed on the reaction of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone(DHNQ) with butylamine. A novel β-butylamination of DHNQ proceeded in the presence of copper salts. A number of β-butylaminated naphthoquinone derivatives were conveniently obtained.
Vitamin E prevents apoptosis in cortical neurons during hypoxia and oxygen reperfusion. (1998)

Cerebral ischemia followed by oxygen reperfusion induces apoptosis in hippocampal neurons in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) but not in Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). The overproduction of oxygen-free radicals that occurs in the tissues of SHRSP is implicated in reoxygenation injury after hypoxia. Antioxidants inhibit reoxygenation injury in hippocampal slices, and temporal cortices in Alzheimer's disease increase sensitivity to oxygen-free radicals. Because this sensitivity may contribute to the development of the disease, we have studied hypoxia and oxygen reperfusion using cortical neurons isolated from WKY and SHRSP (at 15 days of gestation). We have tried to determine whether cortical neurons are damaged under these conditions, and whether neurons from SHRSP are more vulnerable than those from WKY. We have tried also to verify whether neuronal damage is minimized by vitamin E using the following techniques: (a) Trypan blue staining, (b) in situ staining of apoptosis, (c) ultrastructural examination, and (d) measurement of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the bathing medium. Furthermore, we have examined the mechanisms involved in the development of neuronal damage and have studied ways of minimizing it. We demonstrated that 36 hours of hypoxia significantly increased the rate of cell death in SHRSP (p < 0.01), although 12 to 24 hours of hypoxia did not increase cell death in either WKY or SHRSP. In addition, 6 to 36 hours of hypoxia and 1.5 to 5 hours of oxygen reperfusion heavily damaged cells of both WKY and SHRSP, and most became apoptotic or necrotic. In contrast, cells incubated with 50 to 300 microg/ml of vitamin E remained intact, although 10 to 20 microg/ml of vitamin E did not totally preserve the cells. Moreover, vitamin E protected the neurons from high concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (nitric oxide donor) in a dose-dependent manner. Vitamin E, when added to the cells, increased in concentration in a time-dependent manner over a 24-hour period and in a dose-dependent manner below 200 microg/ml, and it was detected mostly in the mitochondria. We also demonstrated that serial treatments with allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) or superoxide dismutase preserved neurons during hypoxia and oxygen reperfusion. These data indicate that SHRSP neurons are weaker than WKY neurons in long-term hypoxia; oxygen radical generation occurs in the early minutes after reperfusion, and then the oxygen-free radicals cause heavy damage to the cells; and antioxidants including vitamin E react with the radicals, thereby preventing apoptosis and necrosis. Therefore, antioxidants appear to be the most important agents in lowering oxygen-free radical damage in cortical neurons.
Simultaneous phase and amplitude measurements on optical signals using a multiport junction (1984)

‘Six-port’ techniques developed at microwave frequencies have been used to measure the relative phase and amplitude of optical signals with approximately 130 photons energy at 633 nm. Applications include phase measurements in coherent optical communication systems.
Enhancement in output power of blue gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes with omnidirectional metal reflector under electrode pads (2008)

In this study, we demonstrate a GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) with nonalloyed metal contacts onto the n+-GaN surface and transparent contact layer (indium tin oxide) to serve as the n-type electrode (cathode) and the p-type electrode pad (anode), respectively. Comparing with the conventional LEDs, which the electrode pads and/or Ohmic contacts form through conventional Cr∕Au metal contacts, the nonalloyed metal contacts (Ag∕Cr∕Au or Al∕Cr∕Au) used in the present experimental blue LEDs also play the role of reflector to prevent the emitted light from absorption by the opaque electrode pads with low reflectivity (Cr∕Au). With an injection current of 20mA, the enhancement in the light output power has approximately a 14% magnitude compared to the GaN-based LEDs without Ag or Al reflectors under the Cr∕Au electrode pads.
An accelerated malting procedure - influences on malt quality and cost savings by reduced energy consumption and malting losses (2015)

In times of rapidly increasing energy costs and rising importance of economic efficiency, the malting industry is searching for possibilities to reduce malting time to lower their production costs and to increase production capacities. The aim of this study was to compare a step-wise optimized accelerated malting procedure, combining optimal parameters found in previous individual investigations about steeping, germination and withering with two reference malting programmes: a standard laboratory malting programme according to MEBAK and a programme applied in an industrial malting plant. For five investigated spring barley cultivars, sufficient malt qualities according to the MEBAK specifications could be achieved in a malting process that was about 2 days shorter. Despite slightly lower extract contents, resulting from slightly higher pH values and activities of the starch degrading α- and β-amylases, a reduced and thus improved proteolytic modification, improved malt homogeneities, a reduced thermal impact resulting in lower malt colours, in turn implying an increased oxidative flavour stability, and an improved behaviour of premature yeast flocculation could be observed when malting was accelerated. The lautering properties, cytolytic modifications, deoxynivalenol content and gushing potential were not influenced in a significant positive or negative way. Next to the notable production time reduction, decreased dimethyl sulphide precursor contents imply advantages for the brewing and malting industry with regard to a shorter necessary boiling and kilning time. Further significant cost savings of €1.27–4.87/t malt could be calculated owing to a reduction in the amount of electrical energy used for aerating and cooling during germination and lower malting losses, depending on the cultivar. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
Analysis of multiple sampling technique for digitally controlled dc-dc converters (2006)

Digitally controlled switching mode power supplies (SMPS) exhibit bandwidth limitations imposed by the switching frequency, the nonzero delay response of the controller, the calculation delays in the control algorithm and the analog-to-digital conversion times. An additional bandwidth limitation comes from the operation of the digital pulse width modulator (DPWM). When employed in a sampled data system, PWM modulation introduces additional phase lag in the control loop, which turns out to be dependent on the steady-state duty cycle. Multiple sampling technique seems promising in reducing the sampling and modulator phase lag and ultimately achieving higher control bandwidth. In this paper the multiple sampling concept and analytical modeling are discussed, as well as the major drawbacks that come from the increased sampling frequency. Some provisions for the elimination of the state variable ripple are also proposed. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate our assessments.
Review: Blood-Brain Barrier: Phenomenon of Increasing Importance to the Imaging Clinician (1982)

Research during the past decade has greatly extended our appreciation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its functional importance [1–3]. Although disturbance of the barrier has been recognized for many years as the basis for radionuclide imaging of cerebral abnormalities [4], enhanced computed tomographic (CT) images also reflect changes in the BBB produced by various disease processes. For optimum application of imaging methods of the brain, clinicians should have a knowledge of the normal BBB and the pathologic conditions that may alter it. Our current understanding of the barrier, its structure and properties, and the mechanisms of alterations by major disease is reviewed.
Parallel all the time: Plane Level Parallelism Exploration for High Performance SSDs (2019)

Solid state drives (SSDs) are constructed with multiple level parallel organization, including channels, chips, dies and planes. Among these parallel levels, plane level parallelism, which is the last level parallelism of SSDs, has the most strict restrictions. Only the same type of operations which access the same address in different planes can be processed in parallel. In order to maximize the access performance, several previous works have been proposed to exploit the plane level parallelism for host accesses and internal operations of SSDs. However, our preliminary studies show that the plane level parallelism is far from well utilized and should be further improved. The reason is that the strict restrictions of plane level parallelism are hard to be satisfied. In this work, a from plane to die parallel optimization framework is proposed to exploit the plane level parallelism through smartly satisfying the strict restrictions all the time. In order to achieve the objective, there are at least two challenges. First, due to that host access patterns are always complex, receiving multiple same-type requests to different planes at the same time is uncommon. Second, there are many internal activities, such as garbage collection (GC), which may destroy the restrictions. In order to solve above challenges, two schemes are proposed in the SSD controller: First, a die level write construction scheme is designed to make sure there are always N pages of data written by each write operation. Second, in a further step, a die level GC scheme is proposed to activate GC in the unit of all planes in the same die. Combing the die level write and die level GC, write accesses from both host write operations and GC induced valid page movements can be processed in parallel at all time. As a result, the GC cost and average write latency can be significantly reduced. Experiment results show that the proposed framework is able to significantly improve the write performance without read performance impact.
The effect of the angular dependence of the particle nucleation field on the magnetic recording processes (1984)

The magnetic recording process is examined by using a model which easily clarifies the role of the particle nucleation field. An inverse cosine and constant angular dependence of the nucleation field are utilized to encompass measured single particle switching behavior. The model neglects demagnetization fields and is applied to contact recording on thick media. The primary conclusion is that the angular dependence affects the output of longitudinally well-oriented particles by raising the voltage maximum approximately 5 dB above that for a constant nucleation field. Vertically oriented particles exhibit large maximum voltages independent of the nucleation field angular dependence.
Glycosylated tetrahydrosalens as multifunctional molecules for Alzheimer's therapy (2009)

The tetrahydrosalens N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-ethane-1,2-diamine ((2)(1)), N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-(-)-1,2-cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine ((2)(2)), N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N'-dimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine ((2)(3)), N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N'-dibenzyl-ethane-1,2-diamine ((2)(4)), and N,N'-bis(2-(4-tert-butyl)hydroxybenzyl)-ethane-1,2-diamine ((2)(5)), as well as their prodrug glycosylated forms, (1-5), have been prepared and evaluated in vitro for their potential use as Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics. Dysfunctional interactions of metal ions, especially those of Cu, Zn, and Fe, with the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide are hypothesised to play an important role in the aetiology of AD, and disruption of these aberrant metal-peptide interactions via chelation therapy holds considerable promise as a therapeutic strategy. Tetrahydrosalens such as (2)(1-5) have a significant affinity for metal ions, and thus should be able to compete with the Abeta peptide for Cu, Zn, and Fe in the brain. This activity was assayed in vitrovia a turbidity assay; (2)(1) and (2)(3) were found to attenuate Abeta(1-40) aggregation after exposure to Cu(2+) and Zn(2+). In addition, (2)(1-5) were determined to be potent antioxidants on the basis of an in vitro antioxidant assay. (1-5) were prepared as metal binding prodrugs; glycosylation is intended to prevent systemic metal binding, improve solubility, and enhance brain uptake. Enzymatic (beta-glucosidase) deprotection of the carbohydrate moieties was facile, with the exception of (4), demonstrating the general feasibility of this prodrug approach. Finally, a representative prodrug, (3), was determined to be non-toxic over a large concentration range in a cell viability assay.
Adventures in building the Stony Brook video server (1996)

Article Adventures in building the Stony Brook video server Share on Authors: Michael Vernick Computer Science Department, State University of New York at Stony Brook Computer Science Department, State University of New York at Stony BrookView Profile , Chitra Venkatramani Computer Science Department, State University of New York at Stony Brook Computer Science Department, State University of New York at Stony BrookView Profile , Tzi-cker Chiueh Computer Science Department, State University of New York at Stony Brook Computer Science Department, State University of New York at Stony BrookView Profile Authors Info & Claims MULTIMEDIA '96: Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on MultimediaFebruary 1997 Pages 287–295https://doi.org/10.1145/244130.244230Online:01 February 1997Publication History 26citation350DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations26Total Downloads350Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Expression in Escherichia coli of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNA from potato tuber and functional assessment of the five lysyl residues located at the substrate-binding site (1991)

The entire structural gene for potato tuber UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase has been amplified from its cDNA by the polymerase chain reaction and inserted into the expression plasmid pTV118-N downstream from the lac promoter. Escherichia coli JM105 cells carrying thus constructed plasmid produced the enzyme to a level of about 5% of the total soluble protein upon induction with isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. The recombinant enzyme purified to homogeneity in two column chromatographic steps was structurally and catalytically identical with the enzyme purified from potato tuber except for the absence of an N-terminal-blocking acetyl group. To examine functional roles of the five lysyl residues that had been identified by affinity labeling studies to be located at or near the active site of the enzyme [Kazuta, Y., Omura, Y., Tagaya, M., Nakano, K., & Fukui, T. (1991) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)], they were replaced individually by glutamine via site-directed mutagenesis. The Lys-367----Gln mutant enzyme was almost completely inactive, and the Lys-263----Gln mutant enzyme had significantly decreased Vmax values with perturbed Km values for pyrophosphate and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. Lys-329----Gln also exhibited increased Km values for these substrates but exhibited Vmax values similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. The two mutant enzymes Lys-409----Gln and Lys-410----Gln showed catalytic properties almost identical with those of the wild-type enzyme. Thus, among the five lysyl residues, Lys-367 is essential for catalytic activity of the enzyme and Lys-263 and Lys-329 may participate in binding of pyrophosphate and/or alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
Holographic characterization of contaminants in water: Differentiation of suspended particles in heterogeneous dispersions (2017)

Determining the size distribution and composition of particles suspended in water can be challenging in heterogeneous multicomponent samples. Light scattering techniques can measure the distribution of particle sizes, but provide no basis for distinguishing different types of particles. Direct imaging techniques can categorize particles by shape, but offer few insights into their composition. Holographic characterization meets this need by directly measuring the size, refractive index, and three-dimensional position of individual particles in a suspension. The ability to measure an individual colloidal particle's refractive index is a unique capability of holographic characterization. Holographic characterization is fast enough, moreover, to build up population distribution data in real time, and to track time variations in the concentrations of different dispersed populations of particles. We demonstrate these capabilities using a model system consisting of polystyrene microbeads co-dispersed with bacteria in an oil-in-water emulsion. We also demonstrate how the holographic fingerprint of different contaminants can contribute to identifying their source.
Measurement of internal body time by blood metabolomics (2009)

Detection of internal body time (BT) via a few-time-point assay has been a longstanding challenge in medicine, because BT information can be exploited to maximize potency and minimize toxicity during drug administration and thus will enable highly optimized medication. To address this challenge, we previously developed the concept, "molecular-timetable method," which was originally inspired by Linné's flower clock. In Linné's flower clock, one can estimate the time of the day by watching the opening and closing pattern of various flowers. Similarly, in the molecular-timetable method, one can measure the BT of the day by profiling the up and down patterns of substances in the molecular timetable. To make this method clinically feasible, we now performed blood metabolome analysis and here report the successful quantification of hundreds of clock-controlled metabolites in mouse plasma. Based on circadian blood metabolomics, we can detect individual BT under various conditions, demonstrating its robustness against genetic background, sex, age, and feeding differences. The power of this method is also demonstrated by the sensitive and accurate detection of circadian rhythm disorder in jet-lagged mice. These results suggest the potential for metabolomics-based detection of BT ("metabolite-timetable method"), which will lead to the realization of chronotherapy and personalized medicine.