gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Unified Diffusion—Viscous-Flow Model Based on Pore-Level Studies of Tight Gas Formations (2012)

Summary In this study, single-phase gas-flow simulation that considers slippage effects through a network of slots and microfractures is presented. The statistical parameters for network construction were extracted from petrographic work in tight porous media of the Nikanassin Group in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Furthermore, correlations between Klinkenberg slippage effect and absolute permeability have been developed as well as a new unified flow model in which Knudsen number acts implicitly as a flow-regime indicator. A detailed understanding of fluid flow at microscale levels in tight porous media is essential to establish and develop techniques for economic flow rate and recovery. Choosing an appropriate equation for flow through a single element of the network is crucial; this equation must include geometry and other structural features that affect the flow as well as all variation of fluid properties with pressure. Disregarding these details in a single element of porous media can easily lead to flow misinterpretation at the macroscopic scale. Because of the wide flow-path-size distribution in tight porous media, a variety of flow regimes can exist in the equivalent network. Two distinct flow regimes, viscous flow and free molecular flow, are in either side of this flow-regime spectrum. Because the nature of these two types of flow is categorically different, finding/adjusting a unified flow model is problematic. The complication stems from the fact that the viscosity concept misses its meaning as the flow regime changes from viscous to free molecular flow in which a diffusion-like mechanism dominates. For each specified flow regime, the appropriate equations for different geometries are studied. In addition, different unified flow models available in the literature are critically investigated. Simulation of gas flow through the constructed network at different mean flow pressures leads to investigating the functionality of the Klinkenberg factor with permeability of the porous media and pore-level structure.
Relationship of glioblastoma multiforme to the subventricular zone is associated with survival (2012)

The subventricular zone (SVZ) lines the lateral ventricles and represents the origin of neural and some cancer stem cells. Tumors contacting the SVZ may be more invasive with higher potential to recruit migratory progenitor cells. Our specific aim was to determine whether SVZ involvement in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is associated with a higher recurrence rate and shorter overall survival. MR imaging and clinical data from 91 patients with GBM treated at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Tumors were classified as type I if the contrast-enhancing lesion contacted both the SVZ and cortex on pre-operative MRI, type II if only the SVZ was involved, type III if only cortex was involved, and type IV if the lesion did not contact either the SVZ or cortex. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were estimated based on Kaplan-Meier calculations. When comparing type I tumors with types II-IV, only 39% of patients with type I tumors were free of recurrence and alive at 6 months, significantly fewer than for all other types combined (67%; P = .01). PFS at 6 months was also less, at only 47% among patients with SVZ-positive tumors, compared with 69% in the SVZ-negative group (P = .002). Patients with SVZ involvement also demonstrated a more rapid time to progression, compared with those not involving the SVZ (P = .003). Patients with GBM involving the SVZ have decreased overall survival and PFS, which may have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
CDR3 Size Spectratyping and Sequencing of Spectratype-Derived TCR of Spinal Cord T Cells in Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (1998)

To characterize the nature of autoimmune disease-inducing T cells in the target organ, oligoclonal expansion of spinal cord T cells of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was examined by complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) size spectratyping. It is known that TCR of in vitro-established myelin basic protein-specific T cell clones and lines have a short CDR3 and that the amino acid sequence in this region is highly preserved. On the basis of these findings, we analyzed 22 spectratypes of the TCR beta-chain (Vbeta1-20). Among them, only Vbeta8.2 and Vbeta17 showed oligoclonal expansion of TCR with a short CDR3 at the early stage of EAE. More interestingly, the spectratype profile of Vbeta8.2 seen at the early stage was preserved throughout the course of EAE, whereas that of Vbeta17 became more diverse at the peak stage of the disease. Analysis of nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of Vbeta8.2 CDR3 derived from the spectratypes revealed that the clones with CASSDSSYEQYFGPG, which is one of the representative sequences of encephalitogenic T cell clones, constituted the predominant population not only at the early stage but also at the peak and recovery stages (71, 71, and 60%, respectively). These findings imply that although the phenotype of T cells in the target organ diversifies as the autoimmune disease progresses, disease-associated TCR spectratype(s) are preserved throughout the course of the disease. Thus, CDR3 size spectratyping is a powerful tool for the screening of disease-inducing T cells in an autoimmune disease of unknown pathomechanism.
Monitoring lake recovery using the Landsat MSS (1989)

Suspended sediment loads in Lake Chicot, an oxbow lake in southeastern Arkansas, have declined since the initiation of control structures in April, 1985. Inflows with high suspended sediment loads derived from agricultural runoff are now diverted into the River Mississippi. Water quality data collection at four sites within the lake was timed to correspond with Landsat satellite flyover. Over ten years of Landsat MSS digital data were obtained for statistical analysis with the suspended sediment, secchi depth, turbidity, and chlorophyll a data. Comparison of satellite and water quality data, from before and after the initiation of the lake recovery operation, document the ability of satellite-based remote sensing to monitor changes in water quality. It is concluded that the relatively frequent and synoptic coverage of remote sensing satellites provides an ability to assess geographic variations in lake and reservoir water quality and to monitor changes in water quality through time.
The structure of human interleukin-11 reveals receptor-binding site features and structural differences from interleukin-6 (2014)

Interleukin (IL)-11 is a multifunctional member of the IL-6 family of cytokines. Recombinant human IL-11 is administered as a standard clinical treatment for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopaenia. Recently, a new role for IL-11 signalling as a potent driver of gastrointestinal cancers has been identified, and it has been demonstrated to be a novel therapeutic target for these diseases. Here, the crystal structure of human IL-11 is reported and the structural resolution of residues previously identified as important for IL-11 activity is presented. While IL-11 is thought to signal via a complex analogous to that of IL-6, comparisons show important differences between the two cytokines and it is suggested that IL-11 engages GP130 differently to IL-6. In addition to providing a structural platform for further study of IL-11, these data offer insight into the binding interactions of IL-11 with each of its receptors and the structural mechanisms underlying agonist and antagonist variants of the protein.
The Second Creation (2000)

Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell, Colin Tudge ![][1] 

Headline Books, £12.99, pp 362

ISBN 0747275300

Rating: ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] 

I found the media reaction to Dolly the sheep decidedly depressing. As a publicly funded scientist in a democratic society, I acknowledge my obligation to explain what I am doing. If I worked on quarks or black holes—things far beyond normal human experience—I would expect some odd comments about my work. But surely not clones? Everybody knows a human clone. Half a million walk the streets of Britain. Yet, despite our everyday familiarity with them, popular culture persists in seeing clones as some sort of semi-human programmable zombies. After all the hype, we need to get back down to earth. In this book the …

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Network-based prediction of drug combinations (2019)

Drug combinations, offering increased therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity, play an important role in treating multiple complex diseases. Yet, our ability to identify and validate effective combinations is limited by a combinatorial explosion, driven by both the large number of drug pairs as well as dosage combinations. Here we propose a network-based methodology to identify clinically efficacious drug combinations for specific diseases. By quantifying the network-based relationship between drug targets and disease proteins in the human protein-protein interactome, we show the existence of six distinct classes of drug-drug-disease combinations. Relying on approved drug combinations for hypertension and cancer, we find that only one of the six classes correlates with therapeutic effects: if the targets of the drugs both hit disease module, but target separate neighborhoods. This finding allows us to identify and validate antihypertensive combinations, offering a generic, powerful network methodology to identify efficacious combination therapies in drug development.
Low Temperature Performance of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor based on Electrospun Half-Cells (2015)

Electrochemical characteristics of the two identical electrospun microporous-mesoporous carbon electrodes deposited onto the electrospun nanofibrous polymer membrane layer have been studied in 1 M triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate solution in acetonitrile at room and low temperature, 24°C and −30°C, respectively, by using cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge/discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and constant power discharge methods. The electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) half-cells have been prepared using a two step process: at first the nanowire polymer separator layer has been created by the electrospinning method, and thereafter the electrode material layer (microporous-mesoporous carbon powder with binder) has been directly electrospun onto the separator layer. Applying the electrospun half-cell preparation method we are able to prepare composite electrodes for EDLC with lower density and thickness of electrode pack than using the widely used traditional roll-pressing method. The wide region of ideal polarizability, high specific capacitance, low equivalent series resistance, short characteristic time constant and high specific energy and specific power values have been obtained and discussed for the completed EDLC working at 24°C and −30°C. The electrochemical characteristics of EDLC based on electrospun half-cells have been compared with those for EDLC completed using the roll-pressed thin (∼80 μm) electrodes.
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy of Visible Alkene.O2 Charge-Transfer Absorptions in Zeolite Y and Determination of Photooxygenation Quantum Efficiencies (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy of Visible Alkene.O2 Charge-Transfer Absorptions in Zeolite Y and Determination of Photooxygenation Quantum EfficienciesFritz Blatter, Frederick Moreau, and Heinz FreiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 50, 13403–13407Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100101a046https://doi.org/10.1021/j100101a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
SuSSo: Seamless and ubiquitous single sign-on for cloud service continuity across devices (2012)

The great variety of consumer electronic devices with support of wireless communications combined with the emerging Cloud Computing paradigm is paving the way to real anytime/anywhere computing. In this context, many services, such as music or video streaming, are delivered to the clients using Cloud-based providers. However, service continuity when moving across different terminals is still a major challenge. This paper proposes SuSSo, a novel middleware architecture that allows sessions initiated from one device to be seamlessly transferred to a second one, as might be desirable in the enjoyment of long running media.
Drawing in Antarctica (2008)

Antarctica is a visual overload for an artist - photographs, documentaries and books fail to adequately prepare you for the place. It's bigger, bluer, brighter, harsher and more intriguing than I had imagined, and many of the memories I have are of landscapes I never contemplated seeing.
EFFECT OF NOZZLE GEOMETRY ON OFF-DESIGN PERFORMANCE OF PARTIAL ADMISSION IMPULSE TURBINES (1967)

Abstract : The object of the study was to obtain information to improve the off- design performance of supersonic turbine nozzles. The scope of study entailed a literature search, a theoretical analysis, and an experimental program. A total of 60 reports were reviewed during the literature search; comments on each are presented. The theoretical study shows that off-design performance can be successfully predicted. The experimental information obtained supports this theory. The ratio of specific heats of the working fluid was found to be influential on the off-design performance. Further study is required, however, before definite conclusions may be reached. (Author)
Practical Data Compression for Modern Memory Hierarchies (2016)

In this thesis, we describe a new, practical approach to integrating hardware-based data compression within the memory hierarchy, including on-chip caches, main memory, and both on-chip and off-chip interconnects. This new approach is fast, simple, and effective in saving storage space. A key insight in our approach is that access time (including decompression latency) is critical in modern memory hierarchies. By combining inexpensive hardware support with modest OS support, our holistic approach to compression achieves substantial improvements in performance and energy efficiency across the memory hierarchy. Using this new approach, we make several major contributions in this thesis. First, we propose a new compression algorithm, Base-Delta-Immediate Compression (BDI), that achieves high compression ratio with very low compression/decompression latency. BDI exploits the existing low dynamic range of values present in many cache lines to compress them to smaller sizes using Base+Delta encoding. Second, we observe that the compressed size of a cache block can be indicative of its reuse. We use this observation to develop a new cache insertion policy for compressed caches, the Size-based Insertion Policy (SIP), which uses the size of a compressed block as one of the metrics to predict its potential future reuse. Third, we propose a new main memory compression framework, Linearly Compressed Pages (LCP), that significantly reduces the complexity and power cost of supporting main memory compression. We demonstrate that any compression algorithm can be adapted to fit the requirements of LCP, and that LCP can be efficiently integrated with the existing cache compression designs, avoiding extra compression/decompression.
Content-based audio classification and retrieval using the nearest feature line method (2000)

A method is presented for content-based audio classification and retrieval. It is based on a new pattern classification method called the nearest feature line (NFL). In the NFL, information provided by multiple prototypes per class is explored. This contrasts to the nearest neighbor (NN) classification in which the query is compared to each prototype individually. Regarding audio representation, perceptual and cepstral features and their combinations are considered. Extensive experiments are performed to compare various classification methods and feature sets. The results show that the NFL-based method produces consistently better results than the NN-based and other methods. A system resulting from this work has achieved the error rate of 9.78%, as compared to that of 18.34% of a compelling existing system, as tested on a common audio database.
Maintaining sterile integrity of hospital produced packs. (1987)

Our own experiences, and those of many others over the years, have contributed to the development of practices to prevent the transmission of disease. These practices may vary from country to country and this Symposium will enable us to exchange ideas and information to bring us closer together.
Colloidal Interaction in Ionic Liquids: Effects of Ionic Structures and Surface Chemistry on Rheology of Silica Colloidal Dispersions (2008)

To understand the important factors that dominate colloidal stability in ionic liquids (ILs), rheology of the dispersions of hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles were investigated in ILs with different ionic structures. The dispersion of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles in [BF(4)] anion-based ILs and in an IL containing a hydroxyl group, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)amide ([C(2)OHmim][NTf(2)]), showed an intriguing shear thickening response. Nonflocculation of the hydrophilic silica nanoparticles in the [BF(4)] anion-based ILs and in [C(2)OHmim][NTf(2)], where the interparticle electrostatic repulsion appears to be depressed, suggests that an IL-based steric hindrance or solvation force provides an effective repulsive barrier for the colloidal aggregation. On the other hand, the other dispersions presented shear thinning behavior with an increase in shear rates and gelled at relatively low particle concentrations. The elastic modulus (G') of the gels formed by the hydrophilic silica was correlated with the polarity scale, lambda(Cu), of the ILs, indicating that the silica-IL interactions, especially the silica-anion interactions, appear to affect the rheological behavior, even in flocculated systems. All the ILs used in this study can be solidified by the addition of hydrophobic silica particles. The rheological behavior of the silica colloidal dispersions was strongly affected by the ionic structure of the ILs and the surface structure of the silica particles.
Keep Cache Replacement Simple in Peer-Assisted VoD Systems (2009)

Peer-assisted Video-on-Demand (VoD) systems have not only received substantial recent research attention, but also been implemented and deployed with success in large-scale real- world streaming systems, such as PPLive. Peer-assisted Video- on-Demand systems are designed to take full advantage of peer upload bandwidth contributions with a cache on each peer. Since the size of such a cache on each peer is limited, it is imperative that an appropriate cache replacement algorithm is designed. There exists a tremendous level of flexibility in the design space of such cache replacement algorithms, including the simplest alternatives such as Least Recently Used (LRU). Which algorithm is the best to minimize server bandwidth costs, so that when peers need a media segment, it is most likely available from caches of other peers? Such a question, however, is arguably non-trivial to answer, as both the demand and supply of media segments are stochastic in nature. In this paper, we seek to construct an analytical framework based on optimal control theory and dynamic programming, to help us form an in-depth understanding of optimal strategies to design cache replacement algorithms. With such analytical insights, we have shown with extensive simulations that, the performance margin enjoyed by optimal strategies over the simplest algorithms is not substantial, when it comes to reducing server bandwidth costs. In most cases, the simplest choices are good enough as cache replacement algorithms in peer-assisted VoD systems.
Development of an <i>Ex Vivo</i> Porcine Lung Model for Studying Growth, Virulence, and Signaling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2014)

Research into chronic infection by bacterial pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, uses various in vitro and live host models. While these have increased our understanding of pathogen growth, virulence, and evolution, each model has certain limitations. In vitro models cannot recapitulate the complex spatial structure of host organs, while experiments on live hosts are limited in terms of sample size and infection duration for ethical reasons; live mammal models also require specialized facilities which are costly to run. To address this, we have developed an ex vivo pig lung (EVPL) model for quantifying Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth, quorum sensing (QS), virulence factor production, and tissue damage in an environment that mimics a chronically infected cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. In a first test of our model, we show that lasR mutants, which do not respond to 3-oxo-C(12)-homoserine lactone (HSL)-mediated QS, exhibit reduced virulence factor production in EVPL. We also show that lasR mutants grow as well as or better than a corresponding wild-type strain in EVPL. lasR mutants frequently and repeatedly arise during chronic CF lung infection, but the evolutionary forces governing their appearance and spread are not clear. Our data are not consistent with the hypothesis that lasR mutants act as social "cheats" in the lung; rather, our results support the hypothesis that lasR mutants are more adapted to the lung environment. More generally, this model will facilitate improved studies of microbial disease, especially studies of how cells of the same and different species interact in polymicrobial infections in a spatially structured environment.
Formaldehyde promotes and inhibits the proliferation of cultured tumour and endothelial cells (2001)

Formaldehyde was applied in various doses (0.1-10.0 mM) to HT-29 human colon carcinoma and HUV-EC-C human endothelial cell cultures. Cell number, apoptotic and mitotic index as well as proportion of cells in S-phase was investigated by morphological methods and flow cytometry. Ten mM of formaldehyde caused high degree of cell damage and practically eradicated the cell cultures. One mM of formaldehyde enhanced apoptosis and reduced mitosis in both types of cell cultures, in a moderate manner. The low dose (0.1 mM) enhanced cell proliferation and decreased apoptotic activity of the cultured cells, the tumour cells appeared to be more sensitive. The possible role of this dose-dependent effect of formaldehyde in various pathological conditions, such as carcinogenesis and atherogenesis is discussed with emphasis on the eventual interaction between formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide.