gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific binding of host cellular proteins to multiple sites within the 3' end of mouse hepatitis virus genomic RNA (1995)

The initial step in mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) RNA replication is the synthesis of negative-strand RNA from a positive-strand genomic RNA template. Our approach to begin studying MHV RNA replication is to identify the cis-acting signals for RNA synthesis and the proteins which recognize these signals at the 3' end of genomic RNA of MHV. To determine whether host cellular and/or viral proteins interact with the 3' end of the coronavirus genome, an RNase T1 protection/gel mobility shift electrophoresis assay was used to examine cytoplasmic extracts from mock- and MHV-JHM-infected 17Cl-1 murine cells for the ability to form complexes with defined regions of the genomic RNA. We demonstrated the specific binding of host cell proteins to multiple sites within the 3' end of MHV-JHM genomic RNA. By using a set of RNA probes with deletions at either the 5' or 3' end or both ends, two distinct binding sites were located. The first protein-binding element was mapped in the 3'-most 42 nucleotides of the genomic RNA [3' (+42) RNA], and the second element was mapped within an 86-nucleotide sequence encompassing nucleotides 171 to 85 from the 3' end of the genome (171-85 RNA). A single potential stem-loop structure is predicted for the 3' (+)42 RNA, and two stem-loop structures are predicted for the 171-85 RNA. Proteins interacting with these two elements were identified by UV-induced covalent cross-linking to labeled RNAs followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The RNA-protein complex formed with the 3'-most 42 nucleotides contains approximately five host polypeptides, a highly labeled protein of 120 kDa and four minor species with sizes of 103, 81, 70, and 55 kDa. The second protein-binding element, contained within a probe representing nucleotides 487 to 85 from the 3' end of the genome, also appears to bind five host polypeptides, 142, 120, 100, 55, and 33 kDa in size, with the 120-kDa protein being the most abundant. The RNA-protein complexes observed with MHV-infected cells in both RNase protection/gel mobility shift and UV cross-linking assays were identical to those observed with uninfected cells. The possible involvement of the interaction of host proteins with the viral genome during MHV replication is discussed.
The post-mastectomy pain syndrome and the effect of topical capsaicin (1989)

Eighteen patients with the post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) form the basis of this study. PMPS probably occurs in a minority of women after mastectomy. The onset of persistent pain usually occurred immediately or very shortly after the operation. The pain location or sensory findings implied involvement of the territories of other cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves as well as the intercostobrachial nerve. A variety of treatment approaches were unsatisfactory. Twelve of 14 patients completing treatment with topical 0.025% capsaicin showed improvement after 4 weeks and 8 (57%) were judged to be good or excellent responses. Six months after the trial's completion 50% of those followed continued to have good pain relief. This therapy should now be subjected to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
VRML visualization in a surgery planning and diagnostics application (2000)

In this paper we want to analyze how the high-level languages Java and VRML can be used for 3D medical imaging and simulation on a PC. We want to compare two different approaches to use Java combined with VRML. One approach is to use Java locally inside VRML (JSAI), the other is to control a VRML environment externally from Java (EAI). We also examine the usefulness of VRML animation used for surgery simulation.First we describe a VRML centered application using Java for behavior processing through the JSAI script interface. This is done using the best publicly available browsers. This approach causes problems due to difficulties in handling the very complex models needed and in the limited Java support.A second implementation is centered around a Java application, where the VRML browser is handled as a Java component. The VRML browser is controlled from Java through the EAI external application interface. VRML animation is used in both prototypes. We use our in-house developed VRML library Hybris for the second implementation, where we have full control over the VRML engine and rendering engine which allows better handling of larger models.
The Three-Dimensional Solution Structure of the SH2 Domain from p55<i><sup>blk</sup></i> Kinase (1996)

Signal transduction in B cells is mediated, in part, by the interaction of the cytoplasmic components of the antigen receptor complex and various members of the src family tyrosine kinases. Key to this process appears to be the interaction of the tyrosine kinase SH2 domains with the tyrosine-phosphorylated cytoplasmic domain of Ig-alpha, a disulfide-bonded heterodimeric (with Ig-beta or Ig-gamma) transmembrane protein that noncovalently associates with the antigen receptor immunoglobin chains. In addition to binding to the phosphorylated cytoplasmic domains of Ig-alpha and Ig-beta, blk and fyn(T), two members of the src family kinases, have been shown to bind overlapping but distinct sets of phosphoproteins [Malek & Desiderio (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268. 22557-22565]. A comparison of their three-dimensional structures may elucidate the apparently subtle differences required for phosphoprotein discrimination. To begin characterizing the blk/fyn/phosphosphoprotein interactions, we have determined the three-dimensional solution structure of the SH2 domain of blk kinase by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 1H, 13C, and 15N resonances of the SH2 domain of blk kinase were assigned by analysis of multidimensional, double- and triple-resonance NMR experiments. Twenty structures of the blk SH2 domain were refined with the program X-PLOR using a total of 2080 experimentally derived conformational restraints. The structures converged to a root-mean-squared (rms) distance deviation of 0.51 and 0.95 A for the backbone atoms and for the non-hydrogen atoms, respectively. The blk SH2 domain adopts the prototypical SH2 fold. Structurally, blk SH2 is most similar to the crystal structure of the v-src SH2 domain [Waksman et al. (1993) Nature 358.646-653] and superimposes on the crystal structure with an rmsd of 1.52 A for the backbone atoms. The largest deviations occur in the four loops interconnecting beta-strands A-E, which are the least well-defined regions in the NMR structure. Exclusion of these loops lowers this rmsd to 0.82 A. The conformation of the BC loop in the blk SH2 domain is similar to the open conformation in the apo lck SH2 domain, suggesting that, like the lck SH2 domain, the blk SH2 domain may have a gated phosphopeptide binding site. Finally, it is proposed that the amino acid substitution of Lys 88 (blk) for Glu [fyn(T)] is important for the observed differences in specificity between blk and fyn(T) SH2 domains.
The Ubc3 (Cdc34) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme is ubiquitinated and phosphorylated in vivo. (1994)

The transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the activity of the Ubc3 (Cdc34) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. S. cerevisiae cells lacking a functional UBC3 (CDC34) gene are able to execute the Start function that initiates the cell cycle but fail to form a mitotic spindle or enter S phase. The Ubc3 (Cdc34) enzyme has previously been shown to catalyze the attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to model substrates, suggesting that the role of this enzyme in cell cycle progression depends on its targeting an endogenous protein(s) for degradation. In this report, we demonstrate that the Ubc3 (Cdc34) protein is itself a substrate for both ubiquitination and phosphorylation. Immunochemical localization of the gene product to the nucleus renders it likely that the relevant substrates similarly reside within the nucleus.
The p55 TNF-α Receptor Plays a Critical Role in T Cell Alloreactivity (2000)

TNF-alpha is known to be an important mediator of tissue damage during allograft rejection and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), but its role in supporting T cell responses to allogeneic Ags is unclear. We have studied this question by comparing normal mice with those lacking the p55 (p55 TNFR-/-) or p75 (p75 TNFR-/-) TNF-alpha receptors as donors in well-defined bone marrow transplant (BMT) models. Recipients of p55 TNFR-/- cells had significantly reduced mortality and morbidity from GVHD compared with the other two sources of T cells. In vitro, T cells lacking the p55 (but not the p75) TNF-alpha receptor exhibited decreased proliferation and production of Th1 cytokines in MLC. This defect was only partially restored by exogenous IL-2 and affected both CD4+ and CD8+ populations. CD8+ p55 TNFR-/- proliferation was impaired independently of IL-2 whereas CTL effector function was impaired in an IL-2-dependent fashion. Inhibition of TNF-alpha with TNFR:Fc in primary MLC also impaired the proliferation and Th1 differentiation of wild-type T cells. BMT mixing experiments demonstrated that the reduced ability of p55 TNFR-/- donor cells to induce GVHD was due to the absence of the p55 TNFR on T cells rather than bone marrow cells. These data highlight the importance of TNF-alpha in alloreactive T cell responses and suggest that inhibition of the T cell p55 TNF-alpha receptor may provide an additional useful therapeutic maneuver to inhibit alloreactive T cell responses following bone marrow and solid organ transplantation.
The key virulence-associated genes of<i>Streptococcus suis</i>type 2 are upregulated and differentially expressed<i>in vivo</i> (2007)

Streptococcus suis causes disease in both pigs and humans. Many virulence genes, including mrp, ef, sly, gapdh, fbps, and hyl, are shown to contribute to S. suis pathogenesis. In this study, the differential expression of the key S. suis serotype 2 virulence-associated genes was monitored 24 and 48 h after infection of HeLa cells. Gene expression was further investigated in bacteria harvested from the blood, lungs, brains, and synovia of swine 24, 48, and 72 h postintravenous infection with S. suis serotype 2. Bacterial RNA was extracted and gene expression was monitored using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR at various time points. The results showed that after 24 h postinfection in vivo, mrp, gapdh, fbps, and hyl were highly expressed in all organs. At 48 h postinfection, ef and sly were highly expressed in the lungs and brain. At 72 h postinfection, all genes had a high level of expression in all organs. This study provides direct evidence that S. suis serotype 2 key virulence-associated genes are differentially expressed in a time-specific or an organ-specific manner in vivo. These findings also show the dynamic distribution of gene expression. Characterization of the differential expression patterns of this subset of key virulence-associated genes facilitates further study into the importance of these genes in S. suis serotype 2 pathogenesis in pigs.
Mechanistic Studies of Copper(I)-Catalyzed Allylic Amination (2007)

The reactions of nitrosobenzene and N,N'-diethyl-4-nitrosoaniline with [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 provide novel Cu(I) complexes, [Cu(PhNO)3]PF6 (1) and [Cu(Et2NPhNO)3]PF6 (2); in 2 the copper atom is N-coordinated to the nitrosoarenes in a distorted trigonal planar geometry. Complex 1 is strongly implicated as a reactive intermediate in the Cu(I)-catalyzed allylic amination of olefins based on (i) its isolation from the catalytic reaction, (ii) its stoichiometric regioselective allylic amination of alpha-methyl styrene (AMS), (iii) the non-involvement of free PhNO in its amination of AMS, and (iv) its function as a catalyst for the amination of alkenes from phenylhydroxylamine. The reaction between AMS and 1 (80 degrees C, dioxane) is first order in both alkene and 1. Relative rate studies of the reaction of 1 with para substituted AMS derivatives gives a Hammett rho value of -0.035. Alkene adducts isolated from the reaction of 1 with styrene and alpha-methylstyrene are formulated as [(PhNO)3Cu(eta(2)-alkene)]PF6 (7,8) on the basis of spectroscopic characterization and thermolysis. PM3 and DFT MO calculations support the role of [(alkene)Cu(RNO)3]+ and (eta(1)- or eta(3)-allyl)Cu(RNO)2(RNHOH)+ complexes as probable catalytic intermediates and address the origin of the distinctive reaction regioselectivity. A mechanistic scheme is proposed which is consistent with the accumulated experimental and computational results.
Immobilized anti‐CD5 together with prolonged activation of protein kinase C induce interleukin 2‐dependent T cell growth: evidence for signal transduction through CD5 (1991)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) identifying the CD5 antigen were used to stimulate human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Three out of three anti-CD5 mAb, 10.2, OKT1 and anti-Leu-1 induced vigorous proliferation of purified T cells in the presence of 1.6 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Immobilization of anti-CD5 mAb on a solid support was necessary for the induction of a proliferative response. Neither 1.6 nM PMA, nor immobilized anti-CD5 mAb were mitogenic as a sole stimulus. mAb identifying CD4, CD7, CD11a, CD18, and major histocompatibility complex class I molecules were not comitogenic with PMA. Anti-CD5/PMA-induced cell proliferation proceeded by an interleukin 2 (IL 2)-dependent mechanism, as was demonstrated by the cell surface expression of the p55 chain of the IL 2 receptor (IL 2R), the production of IL 2 and the inhibition of the proliferative response by anti-IL 2R mAb anti-Tac. There was no strict requirement for detectable numbers of monocytes, although cell proliferation could be enhanced by the monocyte-derived cytokines IL 1 and IL 6. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate and mezerein could substitute for PMA in this activation pathway, but synthetic diacylglycerols and phorbol esters that do not activate protein kinase C (PKC) could not, indicating a need for prolonged activation of PKC. T cells activated by anti-CD5/PMA are sensitive to inhibition by cyclosporin A (CsA) and by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This contrasts with anti-CD28/PMA-induced T cell proliferation, which is resistant to CsA and PGE2. Cell surface expression of CD5 was strongly up-regulated by PMA, whereas CD3 expression was down-regulated. We conclude that T cell activation can be triggered by engagement of CD5 by immobilized anti-CD5 mAb, combined with prolonged activation of PKC. These data support a role for CD5 as an independent signal transducing molecule.
An Overview of Hardware-In-the-Loop Testing Systems at Visteon (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses our experiences on the implementation and benefits of using the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) systems for Powertrain control system software verification and validation. The Visteon HIL system integrated with several off-the-shelf diagnostics and calibration tools is briefly explained. Further, discussions on test automation sequence control and failure insertion are outlined The capabilities and advantages of using HIL for unit level software testing, open loop and closed-loop system testing, fault insertion and test automation are described. HIL also facilitates Software and Hardware Interface validation testing with low-level driver and platform software. This paper attempts to show the experiences with and capabilities of these HIL systems.</div>
A Service Admission Scheme for Cellular Networks (2006)

In cellular networks, where resources are scarce, the basis for QoS provisioning is to control the admission of new and handoff subscriber services, to avoid future detriment perturbation of established ones. Most research efforts consider only the bandwidth of the wireless link to control the admission of new services. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for service admission that considers, in addition to the station mobility, both bandwidth and error rate requirements as well as the possibility of multiple services per mobile station, while minimizing interference to neighbours cells as well as signalling overhead. When compared to other proposals in a simulated 3G cellular system, our admission control approach outperformed by 7% the equal priority and guard capacities schemes in terms of total number of accepted services in the cell, especially in high handoff and new call rates
Near-Room-Temperature Selective Oxidation on GaAs Using Photoresist as a Mask (1998)

Selective oxidation on GaAs operated at near room temperature, by a liquid phase chemically enhanced method using photoresist as a mask, is proposed and demonstrated. Because of the low temperature and electroless features of the oxidation method, the process is simple, economic and reliable. Good electrical insulating properties comparable with those of thermal oxide have been obtained. According to the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the chemistry of the oxide surface is stable after thermal annealing. The thermal stability shows the potential for device fabrication.
Design of High-Power Density and Relatively High-Efficiency Flux-Switching Motor (2006)

A new class of electronically commutated brushless motor, namely, the flux-switching (FS) motor is gradually emerging in power tools and household appliances. This motor offers advantages of both high-power density and relatively high efficiency. There are a number of papers introducing this new class of motor. However, almost all of these papers focused on the analysis, and not the design, of the FS motor. Thus, this paper presents the design and analysis of the FS motor. Design equations are analytically derived for initial calculations of the main dimensions, number of turns, and inductances of the FS motor. Furthermore, a comprehensive time-stepping finite element (TSFE)-behavioral model is developed and utilized for detailed analysis and design refinements of a prototype 8/4-pole FS motor. Finally, test results of the prototype motor are provided to verify the design equations and efficacy of the design methodology.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Graphene–SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites and Their Applications in Gas Sensors (2017)

We obtained extremely high and selective sensitivity to NO<sub>2</sub> gas by fabricating graphene-SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites using a commercial microwave oven. Structural characterization revealed that the products corresponded to agglomerated structures of graphene and SnO<sub>2</sub> particles, with small secondary SnO<sub>x</sub> (x ≤ 2) nanoparticles deposited on the surfaces. The overall oxygen atomic ratio was decreased with the appearance of an SnO<sub>x</sub> (x < 2) phase. By the microwave treatment of graphene-SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites, with the graphene promoting efficient transport of the microwave energy, evaporation and redeposition of SnO<sub>x</sub> nanoparticles were facilitated. The graphene-SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites exhibited a high sensor response of 24.7 for 1 ppm of NO<sub>2</sub> gas, at an optimized temperature of 150 °C. The graphene-SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites were selectively sensitive to NO<sub>2</sub> gas, in comparison with SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, and ethanol gases. We suggest that the generation of SnO<sub>x</sub> nanoparticles and the SnO<sub>x</sub> phase in the matrix results in the formation of SnO<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> homojunctions, SnO<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>x</sub> (x < 2) heterojunctions, and SnO<sub>2</sub>/graphene heterojunctions, which are responsible for the excellent sensitivity of the graphene-SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites to NO<sub>2</sub> gas. In addition, the generation of surface Sn interstitial defects is also partly responsible for the excellent NO<sub>2</sub> sensing performance observed in this study.
Medical management of osteoporosis. (2003)

Osteoporosis is characterized by low-energy fractures resulting from inadequate bone mass and compromised microarchicture. Bone mass is maximized by adequate nutrition and calcium intake, normal menstrual cycles, and appropriate exercises. Low bone density, as determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and high bone turnover, as characterized by elevated bone collagen breakdown products, are the primary indicators of bone fragility. Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis should emphasize adequate calcium and vitamin D intake and exercise. In addition, estrogen supplementation and selective estrogen receptor modulators (estrogen antagonists) can enhance bone mass and decrease the risk of spinal fractures, oral and intravenous bisphosphonates can significantly decrease the incidence of both spinal and hip fractures, and antiosteoporotic agents can help rebuild healthy bone.
Analysis of the condition based monitoring system for heavy industrial machineries (2013)

Condition monitoring of Industrial machines typically relies on being able to detect the disparity between a healthy machine and a faulty one. An accurate interpretation of a machine's condition requires knowledge of the effects of different operating conditions. Phrase Condition monitoring is sometimes used in combination with predictive maintenance which is maintenance of machines based on a signature that a problem is about to occur. In current scenario many industries is replacing predictive maintenance with run-to-breakdown maintenance and in some cases with preventive maintenance, where mechanical parts are replaced periodically regardless of the machinery mechanical condition. There are a lot of practices available and discussed in this paper for condition monitoring but measuring vibration is one of the most essential in detecting and diagnoses any deviation from usual machine conditions. Vibration monitoring of Machinery is the most effectual technique, used to track operating conditions of machines which will further reduce maintenance costs and subsequent downtime caused by catastrophic failure of machineries of the Industry simultaneously. This Research ponders upon different condition based monitoring techniques available and state of the art development for identifying the most effective technique in diverse scenarios.
Changes in cardiovascular function with aging (1990)

Overall cardiovascular function at rest in most healthy elderly individuals is adequate to meet the body's need for pressure and flow. The resting heart rate is unchanged. Heart size is essentially not different in younger vs older adults, but heart wall thickness increases modestly, due largely to an increase in myocyte size. While the early diastolic filling rate is reduced, an enhanced atrial contribution to ventricular filling in elderly individuals maintains filling volume at a normal level. Although systolic pressure at rest increases with age, the resting end-systolic volume and election fraction are not altered, due partly to the increase in left ventricular thickness. Physical work capacity declines with advancing age, but the extent to which this can be attributed to a decrement in cardiac reserve is not certain. Part of the age-related decline in maximum oxygen consumption appears to be due to peripheral rather than central circulatory factors, e.g. to a decrease in muscle mass with age during exercise, the ability to direct blood flow to muscles, and the ability of muscle to utilize oxygen. Some elderly individuals exhibit cardiac dilatation which produces an increased stroke volume sufficient to counter the well-known age-related decrease in exercise heart rate, such that high levels of cardiac output can be maintained during exercise. Still, in these individuals, the exercise-induced reduction in end-systolic volume and increase in ejection fraction is less than in younger individuals. A similar haemodynamic profile occurs in individuals of any age who exercise in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)