gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Big Data and Machine Learning in Health Care (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outcome assessment: functional status measures and quality of life as therapeutic endpoints in oncology. (1990)

There is now agreement among most authorities regarding the need for a global measure of outcome in cancer clinical trials and guarded enthusiasm for incorporation of these. The next step--selection of existing instruments or development of new ones--appears to represent the current state of affairs. There is an urgent need for additional research into the meaning of life and health that the diagnosis of cancer generates. There are obvious dangers in relying on scales that do not reflect the patient's perception of quality of life. A number of instruments are available, and some of these are adequate in selected contexts. Poor psychometric testing and absence of evidence of predictive validity of existing or newly developed instruments may be expected to lead to false negative findings, however, when the impact of treatments on quality of life are compared. Following instrument development will be the incorporation of questionnaires into study design, which will represent a large task for many individuals. And last, but probably most important, we will have to determine how the results of QOL trials will be interpreted. The first important step towards incorporation of QOL/functional status as outcome measures in cancer clinical trials has occurred. To reach this goal will undoubtedly require a positive commitment from both medical and research staffs.
High-quality photonic crystals with a nearly complete band gap obtained by direct inversion of woodpile templates with titanium dioxide (2016)

Photonic crystal materials are based on a periodic modulation of the dielectric constant on length scales comparable to the wavelength of light. These materials can exhibit photonic band gaps; frequency regions for which the propagation of electromagnetic radiation is forbidden due to the depletion of the density of states. In order to exhibit a full band gap, 3D PCs must present a threshold refractive index contrast that depends on the crystal structure. In the case of the so-called woodpile photonic crystals this threshold is comparably low, approximately 1.9 for the direct structure. Therefore direct or inverted woodpiles made of high refractive index materials like silicon, germanium or titanium dioxide are sought after. Here we show that, by combining multiphoton lithography and atomic layer deposition, we can achieve a direct inversion of polymer templates into TiO2 based photonic crystals. The obtained structures show remarkable optical properties in the near-infrared region with almost perfect specular reflectance, a transmission dip close to the detection limit and a Bragg length comparable to the lattice constant.
Generalized plenoptic sampling (2001)

Image-based rendering (IBR) has become a very active research area in recent years. The optimal sampling problem for IBR has not been completely solved. In this paper, we give a complete analysis on the optimal sampling problem for the lightfield. We first show that the optimal sampling efficiency can be achieved by employing the generalized periodic sampling theory with arbitrary geometry. When there is no occlusion in the scene and the scene is Lambertian, we show that the sampling density can be twice of that when we use rectangular sampling. We then propose a general framework for IBR sampling. Begin with an over-sampled dataset, we downsample the data first in the discrete domain. To render an image from the down-sampled data, two approaches are proposed, i.e., to reconstruct the over-sampled dataset first through up-sampling and then rendering, or to use a continuous interpolation filter to calculate the desired light rays directly. Eigenfilter method is employed to design filters during down-sampling and up-sampling. We show that if the proposed approach adopts the same downsampling density as the previous work, the reconstruction filter of the proposed approach is easier to design, and the reconstructed scene has a higher quality. We then extend the optimal sampling analysis to scenes with occlusions and non-Lambertian scenes. Occlusion is considered as a masking effect between layers in the scene, which gives rise to ringing artifacts in the frequency spectrum of the scene. We show that when the non-Lambertian property itself is band-limited, the Fourier transform of the scene is also expanded by a limited amount. By decreasing the sampling density appropriately, we can avoid aliasing that happens in prior work in literature, that assumes no occlusion and Lamb...
Determination of brucella immunoglobulin G agglutinating antibody titer with dithiothreitol (1981)

The routine brucella agglutination test measures both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG brucella antibody titers; however, only an elevated IgG titer is significant for differentiating active from inactive disease in patients with symptoms lasting 3 or more weeks. The IgG antibody titer can be determined by treating the serum wih 2-mercaptoethanol to inactivate the IgM brucella antibodies while leaving the IgG brucella antibodies intact. Dithiothreitol, which also inactivates IgM, was compared with 2-mercaptoethanol for the determination of IgG brucella agglutination titers. The dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol test results agreed within +/- 1 dilution step in 103 of 105 serum specimens tested, for a 98.1% rate of agreement. The results indicate that dithiothreitol can be used in place of 2-mercaptoethanol for determining IgG brucella agglutination titers. Dithiothreitol does not have the offensive odor or the irritant properties of 2-mercaptoethanol.
Synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles and selenazoles as potential antitumor and antifilarial agents. 1. Methyl 4-(isothiocyanatomethyl)thiazole-2-carbamates, -selenazole-2-carbamates, and related derivatives (1993)

Methyl 4-(isothiocyanatomethyl)thiazole-2-carbamate and methyl 4-(isothiocyanatomethyl)selenazole-2-carbamate have been prepared via chemical transformations involving 2-amino-4-(chloromethyl)thiazole (1) and 2-amino-4-(chloromethyl)selenazole (2), respectively, as starting materials. The homoanalog, methyl 4-(2-isothiocyanatoethyl)thiazole-2-carbamate, was prepared from (2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetic acid. All compounds prepared were evaluated for their ability to inhibit leukemia L1210 cell proliferation. Methyl 4-(isothiocyanatomethyl)thiazole-2-carbamate (7) was the most active compound in this screen, inhibiting the growth of L1210 leukemic cells with an IC50 = 3.2 microM. Mitotic blocking appears to be its primary mechanism of cytotoxic activity. Compound 7 also was the only compound which demonstrated significant in vivo antifilarial activity against the adult worms of Acanthocheilonema viteae in experimentally infected jirds. This compound was inactive against Brugia pahangi at a dosage of 100 mg/kg x 5 days.
Risk Factors Associated with Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer (2016)

Cisplatin (CDDP) combination chemotherapy is widely administered to patients with advanced lung cancer. The dose depends on multiple factors, including whether the tumor is non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Although efficacy is limited by cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN), little is known about the risk factors for this complication. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for CIN in patients with advanced lung cancer, both NSCLC and SCLC. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data for 148 patients who underwent initial chemotherapy including CDDP ≥50 mg/m<sup>2</sup> per patient per day for the first course at Kyushu Medical Center between October 2010 and September 2013. All data were collected from the electronic medical record system. Nephrotoxicity was defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration of at least grade 2 during the first course of CDDP chemotherapy, as described by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. CIN was observed in nine patients. Univariate analysis revealed that cardiac disease and lower baseline serum albumin (Alb) values conferred a higher risk of nephrotoxicity (p<0.05). The cut-off value of Alb was 3.8 g/dL, calculated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that cardiac disease (odds ratio=11.7; p=0.002) and hypoalbuminemia (odds ratio=6.99 p=0.025 significantly correlated with nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, cardiac disease and low baseline Alb values are possible risk factors for CIN.
Molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosisin Taipei (2008)

Our data on MTB genotype in Taipei suggest that MTB infection has not been optimally controlled. Control efforts should be reinforced in view of the high prevalence of the Beijing strain in young population and association with drug resistance.
Experimental ocular herpesvirus infection in the cat. Sites of virus replication, clinical features and effects of corticosteroid administration. (1989)

Experimentally induced ocular feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) infection was studied in 30 specific pathogen-free cats. In ten cats, the ability of five field isolates of FHV-1 to replicate in the epithelium and substantia propria of cornea and conjunctiva was demonstrated by histochemical techniques. Feline herpesvirus 1 was found to preferentially infect and induce necrosis of conjunctival epithelium. Although significant histologic lesions were not induced, all FHV-1 strains were observed to replicate in corneal epithelium; minimal viral antigen was detected in the corneal stroma. The course and clinical features of ocular FHV-1 infection were then studied over a period of 60 days in two groups of ten cats: in one group, infection was preceded by administration of subconjunctival betamethasone. In each of these groups, a distinct clinical syndrome developed. In cats not receiving corticosteroids, a course of epithelial keratitis, characterized by the formation of punctate and dendritic epithelial lesions, persisted for up to 24 days postinfection. In the corticosteroid treated group, a chronic (greater than 60 days) stromal keratitis developed, characterized by geographic epithelial ulceration, interstitial edema and deep vascularization. Other complications observed in corticosteroid-treated animals included decreased tear production, calcific-band keratopathy and a unique stromal disorder of cats termed corneal sequestration. The results of this study indicate that while epithelial keratitis may occur during primary infection, stromal keratitis does not, unless immune responsiveness to FHV-1 is concomitantly suppressed. This feature is similar to naturally occurring HSV-1 keratitis of humans, but contrasts to other animal model systems in which stromal keratitis predictably occurs during primary infection. Study of this animal model, therefore, may allow unique insights into the events preceding the establishment of stromal keratitis.
Power broadening and Doppler effects of coherent dark resonances in Rb (2000)

Using a phase-locked laser pair we have observed dark resonances with linewidths below 30 Hz in a rubidium cell filled with neon as buffer gas. A model allowing for pressure broadening correctly reproduces the dependence of the width on the laser intensity. Consideration of velocity changing collisions reveals the absence of Doppler effects in the position and width of the dark resonance at high buffer-gas pressure.
A Continuous Variable Lens System to Address the Accommodation Problem in VR and 3D Displays (2018)

We propose a hybrid system design comprised of refractive Fresnel and Pancharatnam-Berry LC lenses resulting in a compact, large aperture, fast and tunable optic that can be used in numerous applications including VR/3D systems.
Gravure‐Printed Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: Toward Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing (2019)

Recent advances in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have resulted in greater than 23% efficiency with superior advantages such as flexibility and solution-processability, allowing PSCs to be fabricated by a high-throughput and low-cost roll-to-roll (R2R) process. The development of scalable deposition processes is crucial to realize R2R production of flexible PSCs. Gravure printing is a promising candidate with the benefit of direct printing of the desired layer with arbitrary shape and size by using the R2R process. Here, flexible PSCs are fabricated by gravure printing. Printing inks and processing parameters are optimized to obtain smooth and uniform films. SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles are uniformly printed by reducing surface tension. Perovskite layers are successfully formed by optimizing the printing parameters and subsequent antisolvent bathing. 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene is also successfully printed. The all-gravure-printed device exhibits 17.2% champion efficiency, with 15.5% maximum power point tracking efficiency for 1000 s. Gravure-printed flexible PSCs based on a two-step deposition of perovskite layer are also demonstrated. Furthermore, a R2R process based on the gravure printing is demonstrated. The champion efficiency of 9.7% is achieved for partly R2R-processed PSCs based on a two-step fabrication of the perovskite layer.
Revisiting storage for smartphones (2012)

Conventional wisdom holds that storage is not a big contributor to application performance on mobile devices. Flash storage (the type most commonly used today) draws little power, and its performance is thought to exceed that of the network subsystem. In this article, we present evidence that storage performance does indeed affect the performance of several common applications such as Web browsing, maps, application install, email, and Facebook. For several Android smartphones, we find that just by varying the underlying flash storage, performance over WiFi can typically vary between 100% and 300% across applications; in one extreme scenario, the variation jumped to over 2000%. With a faster network (set up over USB), the performance variation rose even further. We identify the reasons for the strong correlation between storage and application performance to be a combination of poor flash device performance, random I/O from application databases, and heavy-handed use of synchronous writes. Based on our findings, we implement and evaluate a set of pilot solutions to address the storage performance deficiencies in smartphones.
A method to sequence and quantify DNA integration for monitoring outcome in gene therapy (2011)

Human genetic diseases have been successfully corrected by integration of functional copies of the defective genes into human cells, but in some cases integration of therapeutic vectors has activated proto-oncogenes and contributed to leukemia. For this reason, extensive efforts have focused on analyzing integration site populations from patient samples, but the most commonly used methods for recovering newly integrated DNA suffer from severe recovery biases. Here, we show that a new method based on phage Mu transposition in vitro allows convenient and consistent recovery of integration site sequences in a form that can be analyzed directly using DNA barcoding and pyrosequencing. The method also allows simple estimation of the relative abundance of gene-modified cells from human gene therapy subjects, which has previously been lacking but is crucial for detecting expansion of cell clones that may be a prelude to adverse events.
Does Hormonal Skin Aging Exist? A Study of the Influence of Different Hormone Therapy Regimens on the Skin of Postmenopausal Women Using Non-Invasive Measurement Techniques (1996)

Postmenopausal women who were receiving hormonal substitution have a greater thickness and casual level than untreated women. We therefore suggest that hormonal aging exists and that cutaneous atrophy can be prevented with hormone replacement therapy.
Application of ZigBee sensor network to data acquisition and monitoring (2009)

A ZigBee sensor network for data acquisition and monitoring is presented in this paper. It is configured using a commercially available ZigBee solution. A ZigBee module is connected via a USB interface to a Microsoft Windows PC, which works as a base station in the sensor network. Data collected by remote devices are sent to the base station PC, which is set as a data sink. Each remote device is built of a commercially available ZigBee module product and a sensor. The sensor is a thermocouple connected to a cold junction compensator amplifier. The signal from the amplifier is input to an AD converter port on the ZigBee module. Temperature data are transmitted according to the ZigBee protocol from the remote device to the data sink PC. The data sampling rate is one sampling per second; the highest possible rate is four samplings per second. The data are recorded in the hexadecimal number format by device control software, and the data file is stored in text format on the data sink PC. Time-dependent data changes can be monitored using the macro function of spreadsheet software. The system is considered a useful tool in the field of education, based on the results of trial use for measurement in an undergraduate laboratory class at a university.
Control of Glucose- and NaCl-Induced Biofilm Formation by <i>rbf</i> in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2004)

Both Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis are capable of forming biofilm on biomaterials. We used Tn917 mutagenesis to identify a gene, rbf, affecting biofilm formation in S. aureus NCTC8325-4. Sequencing revealed that Rbf contained a consensus region signature of the AraC/XylS family of regulators, suggesting that Rbf is a transcriptional regulator. Insertional duplication inactivation of the rbf gene confirmed that the gene was involved in biofilm formation on polystyrene and glass. Phenotypic analysis of the wild type and the mutant suggested that the rbf gene mediates the biofilm formation of S. aureus at the multicellular aggregation stage rather than at initial attachment. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that the mutation resulted in the loss of an approximately 190-kDa protein. Biofilm production by the mutant could be restored by complementation with a 2.5-kb DNA fragment containing the rbf gene. The rbf-specific mutation affected the induction of biofilm formation by glucose and a high concentration of NaCl but not by ethanol. The mutation did not affect the transcription of the ica genes previously shown to be required for biofilm formation. Taken together, our results suggest that the rbf gene is involved in the regulation of the multicellular aggregation step of S. aureus biofilm formation in response to glucose and salt and that this regulation may be mediated through the 190-kDa protein.
Inactivation of sodium channel Scn8A (Nav1.6) in purkinje neurons impairs learning in Morris Water Maze and delay but not trace eyeblink classical conditioning. (2006)

To examine the isolated effects of altered currents in cerebellar Purkinje neurons, the authors used Scn8a-super(flox/flox), Purkinje cell protein-CRE (Pcp-CRE) mice in which Exon 1 of Scn8a is deleted only in Purkinje neurons. Twenty male Purkinje Scn8a knockout (PKJ Scn8a KO) mice and 20 male littermates were tested on the Morris water maze (MWM). Subsequently, half were tested in 500-ms delay and half were tested in 500-ms trace eyeblink conditioning. PKJ Scn8a KO mice were impaired in delay conditioning and MWM but not in trace conditioning. These results provide additional support for the necessary participation of cerebellar cortex in normal acquisition of delay eyeblink conditioning and MWM and raise questions about the role, if any, of cerebellar cortex in trace eyeblink conditioning.
Miniature Convection Cooled Plug-type Heat Flux Gauges (1994)

Tests and analysis of a new miniature plug-type heat flux gauge configuration are described. This gauge can simultaneously measure heat flux on two opposed active surfaces when heat flux levels are equal to or greater than about 0.2 MW/m(sup 2). The performance of this dual active surface gauge was investigated over a wide transient and steady heat flux and temperature range. The tests were performed by radiatively heating the front surface with an argon arc lamp while the back surface was convection cooled with air. Accuracy is about +20 percent. The gauge is responsive to fast heat flux transients and is designed to withstand the high temperature (1300 K), high pressure (15 MPa), erosive and corrosive environments in modern engines. This gauge can be used to measure heat flux on the surfaces of internally cooled apparatus such as turbine blades and combustors used in jet propulsion systems and on the surfaces of hypersonic vehicles. Heat flux measurement accuracy is not compromised when design considerations call for various size gauges to be fabricated into alloys of various shapes and properties. Significant gauge temperature reductions (120 K), which can lead to potential gauge durability improvement, were obtained when the gauges were air-cooled by forced convection.
Ferroelectric plasma sources and their applications (2003)

We review our experimental studies of ferroelectric plasma sources and their applications. Using various diagnostics, it was shown that the source of the charged particle emission from the ferroelectric is surface plasma. This plasma is formed as a result of an incomplete discharge on the surface of the ferroelectric sample. The process of the plasma formation is accompanied by desorption of neutrals from the ferroelectric surface. It was shown that the parameters of the plasma and the neutral flow strongly depend on the polarization state of the ferroelectric material and on the parameters of the driving pulse. The lifetime of ferroelectric plasma sources was also studied. Electron beams with current amplitude of a few kiloamperes were generated with rep-rate up to 10 Hz under the application of accelerating pulses with amplitudes of 25-250 kV. Operation of the electron diode with and without plasma prefilling was demonstrated. Data concerning the uniformity of the extracted electron beam and the potential distribution in the diode are presented. In addition, we present data concerning an enhanced emission mode of the ferroelectric cathode and its application as a promising source of heavy ions. Results of applications of ferroelectric plasma sources in low-pressure high-current hollow-cathode discharge, as cathodes in relativistic magnetrons, as high-current switches and for generation of high-frequency modulated electron beams are presented as well.