gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticancer chemosensitivity and growth rate of freshly separated human colorectal cancer cells assessed by in vitro DNA synthesis inhibition assay. (1998)

The present study was designed to assess the chemosensitivity profile of freshly separated colorectal cancer cells and to screen effective agents for the design of new combination regimens. The DNA synthesis and chemosensitivity (% inhibition of DNA synthesis by the anticancer agent) were successfully assessed in 184 samples (107 primary and 77 metastatic or recurrent lesions) from 152 patients with colorectal cancer using an 3H-thymidine incorporation assay, and the correlations between these two measures and various clinicopathological factors were analysed. DNA synthesis was highest in nodal metastasis followed by malignant effusion, primary lesion, liver metastasis, and local recurrence. DNA synthesis liver metastasis and local recurrence were significantly lower than in other lesions. The results of the chemosensitivity assay are as follows: 5-FU seems to be the most beneficial for primary colorectal cancer; carboquone (CQ), etoposide (VP-16), 5-FU, and mitomycin-C (MMC) for nodal metastasis; CQ, cisplatin (CDDP), 5-FU, adriamycin (ADR) and VP-16 for malignant effusion; and VP-16, CDDP and CQ for liver metastasis. However, the present results showing the chemosensitivity profiles in different lesions suggest that regimens including 5-FU with VP-16 and CQ in addition to MMC or ADR may be applicable for all kinds of colorectal cancer lesions. These results demonstrated the heterogeneity in the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer, which suggests not only the necessity of patient-specific chemotherapy dependent on the sensitivity assay, but also the usefulness of the present results in the choice of agents for widely applicable combination regimens for colorectal cancer.
A graph grammar approach to graphical parsing (2002)

We present a new graph grammar based approach for defining the syntax of visual languages and for generating visual language parsers. Its main advantage-in comparison to other visual language parsing approaches-is its ability to handle context-sensitive productions which may replace more than one non-terminal at the same time and which may contain very complex context requirements. Its implementation will be part of a forthcoming parsing toolkit for visual languages and the already existing graph grammar programming environment PROGRES.
Targeting <i>Listeria Monocytogenes rpoA</i> and <i>rpoD</i> Genes Using Peptide Nucleic Acids (2013)

Treating intracellular pathogens remains a considerable medical challenge because of the inefficient intracellular delivery of antimicrobials and the frequent emergence of bacterial resistance to therapeutic agents deemed the drugs of last resort. We investigated the capability of antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) conjugated to the (KFF)3K cell penetrating peptide to target RNA polymerase α subunit (rpoA) and RNA polymerase sigma 70 (rpoD) in the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. The PNAs tested displayed a concentration dependent inhibition of L. monocytogenes growth in pure culture at the micromolar level and significantly reduced intracellular L. monocytogenes in infected cell culture and Caenorhabditis elegans whole animal model. In vitro, the combined PNAs treatment was synergistic resulting in a clearance of L. monocytogenes at 0.5× the individual PNA concentration. This study demonstrates the potential of anti-rpoA PNA as an antibacterial agent and will provide the basis for improving and developing these PNAs to better target intracellular pathogens like Listeria. This study also establishes C. elegans as a potential model for the screening of PNAs.
Automated Segmentation Technique for Detection of Myocardial Contours in Cardiac MRI (2019)

Segmentation of myocardial contours serves a prerequisite for viability assessment of myocardium which is essential for patient's diagnosis and treatment plan. However, segmenting the myocardial contours more precisely remains as a quiet challenging task. This paper presents an automated segmentation technique for detection of myocardial contours in multiple cardiac MRI frames. Initially, a geometrical template is initialized on each MRI frame, which uses the co-relation technique in order to locate the myocardium region. Later, curved multi-planar reconstruction (curved MPR) image is constructed to detect the epicardial and endocardial edge contours. The detected edges are smoothened using Savitzky Golay filter to obtain final segmentation result. Automated segmentation technique is tested on 12 MRI frames and accuracy is validated on three frames with respect to manually traced endo-epicardial boundaries.
Cost-Effective Partial Migration of VoD Services to Content Clouds (2011)

Since user demand for a Video-on-demand (VoD) service varies with time in one-day period, provisioning self-owned servers for the peak load it must sustain a few hours per day leads to bandwidth underutilization at other times. Content clouds, e.g. Amazon Cloud Front and Azure CDN, let VoD providers pay by bytes for bandwidth resources, potentially leading to cost savings even if the unit rate to rent a machine from a cloud provider is higher than the rate to own one. In this paper, based on long-term traces from two large-scale VoD systems and temporal development model of content clouds, we tackle challenges, design and potential benefits in migrating VoD services into the hybrid cloud-assisted deployment, where the user requests are partly served by the self-owned servers and partly served by the cloud. Our measurements show that the popularity of the most popular videos decays so quickly, for example, by 11% after one hour that it poses large challenges on updating videos in the cloud. However, the trace-driven evaluations show that our proposed migration strategies (active, reactive and smart strategies), although simply based on the current information, can make the hybrid cloud-assisted VoD deployment save up to 30% bandwidth expense compared with the Clients/Server mode. They can also handle unpredicted the flash crowd traffic with little cost. It also shows that the cloud price and server bandwidth chosen play the most important roles in saving cost, while the cloud storage size and cloud content update strategy play the key roles in the user experience improvement.
Purification and catalytic properties of <scp>l</scp>-valine dehydrogenase from <i>Streptomyces cinnamonensis</i> (1989)

NAD+-dependent L-valine dehydrogenase was purified 180-fold from Streptomyces cinnamonensis, and to homogeneity, as judged by gel electrophoresis. The enzyme has an Mr of 88,000, and appears to be composed of subunits of Mr 41,200. The enzyme catalyses the oxidative deamination of L-valine, L-leucine, L-2-aminobutyric acid, L-norvaline and L-isoleucine, as well as the reductive amination of their 2-oxo analogues. The enzyme requires NAD+ as the only cofactor, which cannot be replaced by NADP+. The enzyme activity is significantly decreased by thiol-reactive reagents, although purine and pyrimidine bases, and nucleotides, do not affect activity. Initial-velocity and product-inhibition studies show that the reductive amination proceeds through a sequential ordered ternary-binary mechanism; NADH binds to the enzyme first, followed by 2-oxoisovalerate and NH3, and valine is released first, followed by NAD+. The Michaelis constants are as follows; L-valine, 1.3 mM; NAD+, 0.18 mM; NADH, 74 microM; 2-oxoisovalerate, 0.81 mM; and NH3, 55 mM. The pro-S hydrogen at C-4' of NADH is transferred to the substrate; the enzyme is B-stereospecific. It is proposed that the enzyme catalyses the first step of valine catabolism in this organism.
An investigation of the filtering of TEW scatter estimates used to compensate for scatter with ordered subset reconstructions (1997)

With the triple energy window (TEW) scatter correction method, scatter is estimated by interpolation between narrow energy windows placed on either side (or from a single window just below) the photopeak window. The use of narrow windows results in a noisy estimate which requires filtering to prevent significant amplification of noise in the corrected images. Using Monte Carlo simulated projections of a digital model of the anatomy of the torso, we investigated two-dimensional pre-reconstruction filtering of the scatter estimate by the Wiener low-pass filter, and Butterworth low-pass filters with various cutoff frequencies. The scatter estimate was either subtracted from the photopeak window projection or used directly in ordered-subset maximum-likelihood (OS-ML) reconstruction. Using the normalized mean square error (NMSE) between the estimated and true slices as the criterion, it was observed that: 1) low-pass filtering of the TEW scatter estimate dramatically decreases the NMSE compared to that of no filtering of this estimate; 2) the cutoff frequency of the Butterworth filter used to filter the scatter estimate is lower than that typically used for photopeak window images; 3) the cutoff frequency of the Butterworth filter has a broad range of values over which the MMSE is near its minimum value; 4) the cutoff frequency at which the Butterworth reaches its minimum value depends on the number of counts in the TEW window(s), and source distribution; 5) the Wiener low-pass filter adapts to produce a low, but not necessarily the minimum, NMSE; and 6) the inclusion of the scatter estimate directly into OS-ML reconstruction results in a lower NMSE than subtraction of the scatter estimate from the photopeak window prior to reconstruction.
Design of a Q-Band Eight-Way Lumped Power Divider in 90 nm CMOS Technology (2014)

A Q-band eight-way power divider in CMOS technology is presented. This divider is designed using lumped elements to realize a compact layout. Parametric analyses for the parasitic effects are given using simplified inductor/capacitor models. Measurement in the 37-49 GHz frequency range shows an insertion loss less than 2.7 dB, the input/output return loss better than -13.7 dB and the port-to-port isolation better than 22.5 dB (more than 30 dB over 44-49 GHz).
Quantitative Comparison of Drusen Segmented on SD-OCT versus Drusen Delineated on Color Fundus Photographs (2010)

Good agreement was demonstrated in drusen detection between CFP and SD-OCT. Areas of disagreement underscore limitations of CFP-based measurement of drusen, particularly in the sizing of large, soft drusen. SD-OCT shows great promise as an adjunctive tool for assessing drusen burden in AMD. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00734487.).
Supervised Fuzzy-Logic Classification of Hydrometeors Using C-Band Weather Radars (2007)

A model-based fuzzy-logic method for hydrometeor classification using C-band polarimetric radar data is presented and discussed. Membership functions of the fuzzy-logic algorithm are designed for best fitting simulated radar signatures at C-band. Such signatures are derived for ten supervised hydrometeor classes by means of a fully polarimetric radar scattering model. The Fuzzy-logic Radar Algorithm for Hydrometeor Classification at C-band (FRAHCC) is designed to use a relatively small set of polarimetric observables, i.e., copolar reflectivity and differential reflectivity, but a version of the algorithm based on the use of specific differential phase is also numerically tested and documented. The classification methodology is applied to volume data coming from a C-band two-radar network that is located in north Italy within the Po valley. Numerical and experimental results clearly show the improvements of hydrometeor classification, which were obtained by using FRAHCC with respect to the direct use of fuzzy-logic-based algorithms that are specifically tuned for S-band radar data. Moreover, the availability of two C-band rainfall observations of the same event allowed us to implement a path-integrated attenuation correction procedure, based on either a composite radar field approach or a network-constrained variational algorithm. The impact of these correction procedures on hydrometeor classification is qualitatively discussed within the considered case study.
Topological layer switch technique for monolithically integrated electrostatic XYZ-stage (2007)

We report a monolithic XYZ-stage with electrostatic comb-mechanisms integrated in only two silicon layers and by three photolithography steps that topologically switches the allocation of layer for electrical and elastic components. The XY-stage moved in the X- and the Y-direction by 19 mum independently, and also in the diagonal direction. We have successfully demonstrated maximum 2.12 mum in the Z-direction with applied voltage of 200 V.
The transverse acetabular ligament may be used to align the acetabular cup in total hip arthroplasty (2008)

Accurate positioning of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty is essential to minimise the risk of dislocation and preserve the range of movement of the hip. It also affects polyethylene wear and the rate of osteolysis. Although there are many tools available to the surgeon to aid placement of the acetabular component, errors still occur, especially in version. We conducted a study of 14 cadaveric hips to investigate whether the transverse acetabular ligament can be used to align implanted cups with the correct degree of anteversion. Radiographic measurement revealed that all of the implanted cups were found to lie within the 'safe zone' for anteversion, when aligned with the ligament.
Fabrication of Necklace-like Structures via Electrospinning (2009)

We report a one-step method to fabricate necklace-like structures from zero-dimensional materials via electrospinning. PVA was used as polymer matrix for accomplishing necklace-like arrays of silica particles. We systemically investigated how the diameter of SiO(2) particles, the weight ratio of PVA to SiO(2), the voltage, and the relative content of PVA/SiO(2)/H(2)O influenced the morphology of electrospun fibers. SiO(2) particles with diameter of 143 nm tended to aggregate into bunches in the fibers, while 265 and 910 nm SiO(2) particles tended to align along the fibers one by one, resembling necklaces. The content of water in the PVA/SiO(2)/H(2)O solution showed critical influence on the diameter of fibers and consequently determined the morphology. Too thin solutions gave birth to blackberry-like structure; too condensed solution was too hard to eject from the orifice of the needle; when the ingredient was elaborately tailored, we obtained necklace-like structures. We believe that these results can serve as references to generating other complex structures involving polymers and particles via electrospinning and that these structures will be potentially useful in photoelectric devices, drug release, and optical components.
Onset Mechanism of Jahn-Teller Distortion in 4 V LiMn[sub 2]O[sub 4] and Its Suppression by LiM[sub 0.05]Mn[sub 1.95]O[sub 4] (M = Co, Ni) Coating (2005)

There have been several causes for the capacity fading of reported by many authors, which include Mn dissolution into the electrolyte, and the onset of a Jahn-Teller distortion. One of the main remedies suggested to combat those causes has been doping with other transition-metal ions. However, most of the deterioration reactions take place on the surface. In this study, was coated with a doped-spinel oxide to combat the causes of capacity fading in , which modifies only the surface of the electrodes, and its effect was diagnosed using the bending beam method (BBM). The doped-spinel coated showed an excellent cycle performance. From the BBM data, it was confirmed that this excellent performance was largely due to the suppression of the Jahn-Teller distortion, which takes place at the end of the cathodic sweep in the 4 V range. Furthermore, the mechanism for the onset and suppression of Jahn-Teller distortion in 4 V is proposed based on the strain variations of the stoichiometric, doped, and doped-spinel coated spinel electrodes.
Molecular Cloning of Complementary DNA Encoding One of the Human Pancreatic Protease E Isozymes (1988)

We have cloned a DNA from a human pancreatic cDNA library using a cloned rat pancreatic elastase 1 cDNA as a probe, and determined its nucleotide sequence. This cDNA contains a coding region of 810 nucleotides which encodes a 270-amino-acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence shows less than 60% homologies with rat and porcine pancreatic elastase 1, although its substrate binding region is homologous with those of the above elastases 1. When this deduced amino acid sequence was compared with known amino acid sequences of pancreatic proteases other than elastases, it was found to contain an amino acid sequence which was highly homologous with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of porcine pancreatic protease E. We also purified human pancreatic protease E isozymes from human pancreatic juice, and determined their N-terminal amino acid sequences. One of the isozymes does not hydrolyze elastin but does hydrolyze a synthetic substrate. Endoglycosidase F digests glycoside bonds of the isozyme. These results suggest that the cDNA cloned by us corresponded to one of the human protease E isozymes.
KeeLoq and Side-Channel Analysis-Evolution of an Attack (2009)

Last year we were able to break KeeLoq, which is a 64 bit block cipher that is popular for remote keyless entry (RKE) systems. KeeLoq RKEs are widely used for access control purposes such as garage openers or car door systems. Even though the attack seems almost straightforward in hindsight, there where many practical and theoretical problems to overcome. In this talk I want to describe the evolution of the attack over about two years. Also, some possible future improvements using fault-injection will be mentioned. During the first phase of breaking KeeLoq, a surprisingly long time was spent on analyzing the target hardware, taking measurements and wondering why we did not succeed. In the second phase, we were able to use differential power analysis attacks successfully on numerous commercially available products employing KeeLoq code hopping. Our techniques allow for efficiently revealing both the secret key of a remote transmitter and the manufacturer key stored in a receiver. As a result, a remote control can be cloned from only ten power traces, allowing for a practical key recovery in a few minutes. With similar techniques but with considerably more measurements (typically on the order of 10,000) we can extract the manufacturer key which is stored in every receiver device, e.g., a garage door opener unit. In the third phase, and most recent phase, we were able to come up with several improvements. Most notably, we found that an SPA (simple power analysis) attack allows to recover the manufacturer key with one measurement. In the talk, we will also speculate about extensions to fault-injection and timing attacks. It is important to note that most of our findings are not specific to KeeLoq but are - in principle - applicable to any symmetric cipher with an implementation that is not sidechannel resistant.
New class of nondiffracting beams: Mathieu beams (2001)

We present a new class of invariant optical fields that we named Mathieu beams because they are described by radial and angular Mathieu functions. The angular spectrum of these beams when mapped on the McCutchen sphere gives the clue to create them in the laboratory. The corresponding experimental setup is described and the results obtained corroborated our theoretical predictions. The experimental parameters can be easily adjusted to obtain a variety of transverse intensity patterns that range from cosine to Bessel. There are two main families of higher order Mathieu beams, one of them are confocal elliptically ringed and can present phase rotating characteristics that are interesting for creating elliptical rotating waves. The other family of these high order beams have bowtie shapes. Mathieu beams are a variant of superposition of uniform conical waves, i.e. Bessel beams, and for these reason they have also the capability of self-reconstruction after finite obstructions.
Multi-microphone cross-correlation based processing for robust speech recognition (1993)

A new algorithm of signal processing for robust speech recognition using multiple microphones is described. The algorithm, loosely based on human binaural perception, consists of imposing time-aligning delays on the speech signals from each microphone and passing the delayed speech through a bank of bandpass filters and nonlinear rectifiers. The outputs of the nonlinear rectifiers within each frequency band are cross-correlated, providing an estimate of the spectral profile of short-term energy in the speech signal that is resilient to the presence of off-axis noise sources. A cepstral representation of these energy estimates is used as the feature set for automatic speech recognition using the CMU SPHINX system. The multichannel cross-correlation-based algorithm was found to preserve the shape of vowel spectra in additive noise, and it provides better recognition accuracy than is obtained using equivalent single-channel processing with nonclosetalking microphones. The performance of this system was compared to that obtained using delay-and-sum beamforming and conventional adaptive filtering approaches. Finally, some implications of these results for human binaural hearing will be commented on. [Work supported by Motorola and DARPA.]
Decreased sensitivity of carcinoembryonic antigen cDNA‐transfected cells to adriamycin (1997)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a heavily glycosylated protein and is expressed at a high frequency in adenocarcinomas, which are known to be one of the cancers most resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, with the aim to elucidate whether CEA participates in drug resistance or not, we tested the adriamycin (ADR) sensitivity of CEA transfectants of H-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells in vitro and in vivo. The ADR sensitivity of CEA transfectants in vitro was evaluated as growth (% of control) when incubated with various concentrations of ADR, and showed that they were higher than those of mock transfectants. The decreased ADR sensitivity of CEA transfectants in vivo was also observed as an increase in tumor size after intraperitoneal administration of ADR into SCID mice. To define the mechanisms for resistance, the accumulation and efflux of ADR in transfectants was examined. The rate of ADR accumulation in CEA transfectants was reduced compared to mock transfectants, caused at least partly by an increased efflux out of the cells. Furthermore, the modification of N-glycan on CEA by deoxymannojirimycin, an N-glycosylation processing inhibitor, partially restored ADR sensitivity of CEA transfectants, suggesting an involvement of sugar chains. Our data suggest that CEA expression may decrease ADR sensitivity of cancer cells. Int. J. Cancer72:377–382, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Una nueva determinación del cobalto (1949)

Una nueva determinación del cobalto
Spatial Avoidance in the Rat as a Result of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation (1957)

Rats were exposed to radiation while confined to one of two distinctive compartments of an enclosed alley. On the next day these animals were confined to the opposite compartment for a similar period in the absence of radiation. Following a series of four such cycles the partition between the two compartments was removed and the animals were given a free choice of residence in the alley for a test period. With but one exception, all the irradiated animals demonstrated a decreased preference for the compartment in which they had been exposed when compared to their preirradiation test scores. It was concluded that both γ and X rays can serve as unconditioned stimuli in the establishment of spatial avoidance behaviour.