gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract B098: Tumor cell-derived IL-4 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis (2013)

Abstract Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a cytokine that, among other actions, can induce macrophages to undergo alternative activation and polarize to M2 macrophages which have been reported to promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. IL-4 also promotes the formation of multinucleated giant cells from macrophages in vitro and participates in the development of the foreign body reaction in vivo. AC2M2 cells, a highly metastatic mouse carcinoma cell line, were transduced with retroviruses expressing IL-4 (IL-4-AC2M2) or empty vector control (EV-AC2M2). Co-culture experiments showed that AC2M2-derived IL-4 polarized macrophages to express the M2 marker, arginase 1. EV- and IL-4-AC2M2 cells grew at the same rate in vitro. However, mice injected with IL-4-AC2M2 cells grew tumors at a significantly reduced rate as compared to control mice injected with EV-AC2M2 cells in an orthotopic mouse mammary tumor engraftment model. IL-4 expression also correlated with elimination of lung metastasis. Reduced primary tumor growth and complete abolishment of lung metastasis in the IL-4 group correlated with a 30-fold increase of tumor associated macrophage populations and macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells. Thus, tumor-derived IL-4 suppressed tumorigenesis and lung metastasis by activating macrophage phagocytosis in the tumor microenvironment; suggesting that IL-4 could be a good candidate for immunotherapy. Note:This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Connie Shengnan Zhang, Peter A. Greer. Tumor cell-derived IL-4 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B098.
Gα <sub>i1</sub> and Gα <sub>i3</sub> Are Required for Epidermal Growth Factor–Mediated Activation of the Akt-mTORC1 Pathway (2009)

The precise mechanism whereby epidermal growth factor (EGF) activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) remains elusive. Here, we report that the alpha subunits of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) Galpha(i1) and Galpha(i3) are critical for this activation process. Both Galpha(i1) and Galpha(i3) formed complexes with growth factor receptor binding 2 (Grb2)-associated binding protein 1 (Gab1) and the EGF receptor (EGFR) and were required for the phosphorylation of Gab1 and its subsequent interaction with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in response to EGF. Loss of Galpha(i1) and Galpha(i3) severely impaired the activation of Akt and of p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1, downstream targets of mTORC1, in response to EGF, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, and transforming growth factor alpha, but not insulin, insulin-like growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor. In addition, ablation of Galpha(i1) and Galpha(i3) largely inhibited EGF-induced cell growth, migration, and survival and the accumulation of cyclin D1. Overall, this study suggests that Galpha(i1) and Galpha(i3) lie downstream of EGFR, but upstream of Gab1-mediated activation of Akt and mTORC1, thus revealing a role for Galpha(i) proteins in mediating EGFR signaling.
A TLD system based on lithium borate for the measurement of doses to patients undergoing medical irradiation (1976)

A dosimetry system has been developed which is especially suited to the measurement of doses to patients undergoing irradiation for medical purposes. It is a TLD system based on lithium borate which has been used both in powder form and made up into solid discs by incorporation within PTFE. The predominant advantages of this material over other more widely used TLD materials are its closer approximation to soft tissue, its simple glow curve which eliminates the need for complicated annealing procedures and its low cost. The luminescence from the lithium borate is measured with a specially designed reader which uses radiofrequency heating. At present, using lithium borate powder, the system is capable of measuring doses down to 10 mrad and using lithium borate/PTFE discs it can measure down to 50 mrad with adequate precision. Preliminary measurements on solid glassy discs of lithium borate suggest that this form of the material may in some respects be superior for patient dosimetry.
Near-field properties of a gold nanoparticle array on different substrates excited by a femtosecond laser (2007)

In this paper we present experimental and theoretical results on the properties of the electromagnetic field in the near-field zone of gold nanoparticles excited by an 800 nm ultrashort laser pulse. The near-field properties are studied for the case of a single isolated particle and 2D nanoparticle array case. Particles are deposited on different substrates: metal (Au), semiconductor (Si) and dielectric (SiO2). The calculations based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation technique predict that the field in the vicinity of the particles is enhanced as the magnitude of the field intensity depends on the substrate material and the interparticle distance for 2D array. For closely arrayed nanoparticles on the gold substrate, the maximal field intensity is more than two times lower than that of a single particle. With the increase of the distance between 200 nm diameter gold particles, the value of the field intensity increases up to a distance of about 800 nm. The theoretical prediction of the field enhancement on the substrate is confirmed experimentally. The irradiation of the nanoparticles deposited on the three different substrates with a single laser pulse of a Ti:sapphire laser results in a nanohole formation. Discussion on the observed properties is presented.
Plasmonic Metalens for Narrowband Dual‐Focus Imaging (2017)

Abstract A new type of metalens with the capability to selectively focus narrowband light is reported at different focal planes depending on polarization. Two zone planes with two different focal lengths are spatially multiplexed and encoded in the subwavelength regime with arrays of orthogonal silver nanostructures, which are designed to exhibit strong wavelength‐ and polarization‐dependent scattering profiles. Using this principle, imaging under white‐light illumination with independent focal planes is experimentally demonstrated for each polarization at the narrowband resonant wavelength. Furthermore, each focal plane can be dynamically controlled with an output polarizer. In contrast to conventional refractive and diffractive optical elements, functional metalenses allow additional control over wavelength and polarization properties of light for a wide range of applications.
Conceptual Design of Decade Half, a 15-MA, 300-ns PRS Driver (2002)

The Decade radiation effects simulator is located at AEDC and presently consists of four modules capable of operation as either a large area bremsstrahlung source (Decade Quad LAB) or a plasma radiation source (Decade Quad PRS). During 2001 we investigated several conceptual system architectures for connecting the current of eight Decade modules to a single PRS load. This Decade Half radiation source will be used in combination with other synchronized radiation effects simulators to offer a combined‐effects testing capability at AEDC. We describe and compare the projected performance, risk, and relative cost of several rough conceptual designs, and discuss in more detail the “water bridge” concept that was selected for more complete conceptual design development. We present a self‐consistent electrical and mechanical conceptual design for Decade Half, including an equivalent circuit model, details of the mechanical architecture (including operation, maintenance, and turnaround considerations), and electrical performance estimates of approximately 15 MA peak current delivered to a representative large radius, ∼ 300 ns implosion time PRS load.
Ščedrin, Rodion Konstantinovič (1992)

Obwohl R. Sc. in seiner künstlerischen Entwicklung mehrere Etappen ästhetischer bzw. kompositionstechnischer Orientierung durchlaufen hat, läßt sich das Individuelle seiner Schreibweise in seinen bisherigen Werken unschwer festmachen — selbst dann, wenn Jahrzehnte zwischen den Entstehungsdaten zweier Werke liegen. Šč. verweist selbst darauf, daß sein Komponieren nachhaltig von musikalischen wie außermusikalischen Eindrücken unterschiedlichsten Charakters beeinflußt worden ist.
Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on luteal function and reproductive performance of high-producing lactating Holstein dairy cows. (2001)

The objectives were to evaluate effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (3,300 IU i.m.) administered on d 5 after AI on CL number, plasma progesterone concentration, conception rate, and pregnancy loss in high-producing dairy cows. Following the synchronization of estrus and AI, 406 cows were injected with either hCG or saline on d 5 after AI in a randomized complete block design. Blood sampling and ovarian ultrasonography were conducted once between d 11 and 16 after AI. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on d 28 by ultrasonography and on d 45 and 90 after AI by rectal palpation. Treatment with hCG on d 5 resulted in 86.2% of the cows with more than one CL compared with 23.2% in controls. Plasma progesterone concentrations were increased by 5.0 ng/mL in hCG-treated cows. The presence of more than one CL increased progesterone concentration in hCG-treated cows but not in controls. Conception rates were higher for hCG-treated cows on d 28 (45.8 > 38.7%), 45 (40.4 > 36.3%), and 90 (38.4 > 31.9%) after AI. Treatment with hCG improved conception rate in cows losing body condition between AI and d 28 after Al. Pregnancy losses were similar between treatment groups. Treatment with hCG on d 5 after AI induces accessory CL, enhances plasma progesterone concentration, and improves conception rate of high-producing dairy cows.
A novel audio fingerprinting method robust to time scale modification and pitch shifting (2010)

A novel audio fingerprinting method that is highly robust to Time Scale Modification (TSM) and pitch shifting is proposed. Instead of simply employing spectral or tempo-related features, our system is based on computer-vision techniques. We transform each 1-D audio signal into a 2-D image and treat TSM and pitch shifting of the audio signal as stretch and translation of the corresponding image. Robust local descriptors are extracted from the image and matched against those of the reference audio signals. Experimental results show that our system is highly robust to various audio distortions, including the challenging TSM and pitch shifting.
Purification and Some Properties of Amylomaltase from<i>Escherichia coli</i>IFO 3806 (1989)

The amylomaltase from Escherichia coli IFO 3806 was purified to homogeneity seen by SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after DEAE-Sephadex, Ultrogel AcA 44, hydroxylapatite, and 1,6- hexane-diamine-Sepharose 4B column chromatographies. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 93,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.5 and at 35°C, and stable up to 45°C at pH 7.0 and from pH 6.0 —7.3 at 40°C on 30min incubation. The enzyme acted on maltotetraitol, maltopentaitol, and maltosylsucrose besides maltooligosaccharides, but did not act on maltitol, maltotriitol, glucosylsucrose, isomaltose, panose, isopanose, or isomaltosyl- maltose. This enzyme did not catalyze hydrolytic action on maltotetraitol, maltopentaitol, or maltosylsucrose.
First Report of <i>Ramularia carthami</i>, Causal Agent of Ramularia Leaf Spot of Safflower, in California (2006)

Ramularia leaf spot was identified in several fields of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) near Gridley, CA in June 2005. Numerous circular to irregularly shaped brown lesions, 3 to 10 mm in diameter, on both sides of leaves and flower bracts resulted in stunted plants and reduced seed production. In two of the fields, nearly all plants were affected, yields were severely reduced, and the crops were abandoned. Ramularia carthami Zaprom. was identified on the basis of morphology of reproductive structures on colonized leaves (1). Hyaline, thin-walled, aseptate conidiophores (2.6 to 4.3 × 28.8 to 72.0 μm) were produced in fan-like fascicles borne on hemispherical stromata (21.6 to 31.2 × 24.0 to 36.0 μm). Hyaline, smooth, cylindrical to fusiform conidia (7.2 to 12.0 × 19.2 to 40.8 μm), 1 to 3 septate or rarely aseptate were produced singly or in short chains. The fungus was isolated from symptomatic leaves and bracts surface disinfected for 1 min in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and incubated at 25°C on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA). Colonies of the fungus were white with irregular margins and were slow growing. After 3 weeks, colonies were approximately 3 cm in diameter. Conidia were not produced in culture. To conduct pathogenicity tests, three 3-week-old safflower plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed with an aqueous suspension of mycelial fragments of the fungus. Inoculum was produced by macerating a 3-cm-diameter APDA culture of the fungus in 30 ml of water. Noninoculated control plants were sprayed with water. All plants were covered with plastic bags for 48 h on a greenhouse bench. Greenhouse temperatures ranged from a minimum of 20°C to a maximum of 27°C. After 7 days, all inoculated plants developed symptoms, and the fungus was reisolated from lesions. Conidia from lesions were suspended in water and diluted to a concentration of 1 × 10<sup>5</sup> conidia/ml and used as inoculum for additional pathogenicity tests. Three plants were sprayed with the conidial suspension or water as above. Lesions developed on the inoculated plants in 7 days, and the fungus was reisolated. No symptoms developed on plants sprayed with water. Both pathogenicity tests were repeated once. Sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA of the fungus was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. DQ466083). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Ramularia leaf spot of safflower caused by R. carthami in California. Reference: (1) Morbi Plant. Script. Sect. Phytopath. Hort. Bot. Prince. USSR 15:142, 1926.
A GenLOT-based progressive image coder for low resolution images (2002)

The popular EZW (embedded zerotree wavelet) and its improved version SPIHT (set partitioning in hierarchical trees) are high-performance progressive transmission image coders based on the wavelet transform which gives excellent compression results for images with significant low-frequency content. For images with high texture contents, the GenLOT-based coder outperforms SPIHT in PSNR measure by a wide margin. On the other hand, low bit rate video finds applications in videophone and surveillance systems, where smaller size image in QCIF format is often transmitted. We show that using the conventional zero-tree algorithm for the QCIF image is suboptimal and we propose several progressive algorithms with modified zero-tree structures. The extensive coding results using both the DCT and GenLOT transform confirms that our proposed modified zero-tree algorithm outperforms the conventional zerotree algorithm for QCIF-sized images.
How Is the Mobile Internet Different? Search Costs and Local Activities (2012)

We explore how Internet browsing behavior varies between mobile phones and personal computers. Smaller screen sizes on mobile phones increase the cost to the user of browsing for information. In addition, a wider range of offline locations for mobile Internet usage suggests that local activities are particularly important. Using data on user behavior at a (Twitter-like) microblogging service, we exploit exogenous variation in the ranking mechanism of posts to identify the ranking effects. We show that (1) ranking effects are higher on mobile phones suggesting higher search costs: links that appear at the top of the screen are especially likely to be clicked on mobile phones and (2) the benefit of browsing for geographically close matches is higher on mobile phones: stores located in close proximity to a user's home are much more likely to be clicked on mobile phones. Thus, the mobile Internet is somewhat less “Internet-like”: search costs are higher and distance matters more. We speculate on how these changes may affect the future direction of Internet commerce.
Highly Linear Electro-optic Modulator Based on Ring Resonator (2010)

The ring resonator modulator linearity is analyzed and modeled in terms of the design parameters; results show that appropriately design and configuration of the device enables a high spurious free dynamic range on an optical link (~126dB.Hz4/5).
Magnetorheology of xanthan-gum-coated soft magnetic carbonyl iron microspheres and their polishing characteristics (2013)

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are colloidal suspensions of soft magnetic particles dispersed in a non-magnetic liquid. Among their applications, MR polishing has attracted considerable attention owing to its smart control of the polishing characteristics for dedicated microelectromechanical system applications. To improve the polishing characteristics of MR fluids, we fabricated carbonyl iron (CI) microspheres coated with xanthan gum (XG) by using a solvent casting method. The morphologies and densities of both pure CI and CI/XG particles were characterized using a scanning electron microscope and a pycnometer, respectively. In addition, the rheological characteristics of the MR fluids under various applied magnetic field strengths were examined using a rotational rheometer. The MR polishing characteristics were conducted using an MR polishing machine to examine the surface roughness and the material removal by MR polishing with added nano-ceria slurry abrasives.
Standardization of ELISA protocols for serosurveys of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using clinical and at-home blood sampling (2021)

The extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout the United States population is currently unknown. High quality serology is key to avoiding medically costly diagnostic errors, as well as to assuring properly informed public health decisions. Here, we present an optimized ELISA-based serology protocol, from antigen production to data analyses, that helps define thresholds for IgG and IgM seropositivity with high specificities. Validation of this protocol is performed using traditionally collected serum as well as dried blood on mail-in blood sampling kits. Archival (pre-2019) samples are used as negative controls, and convalescent, PCR-diagnosed COVID-19 patient samples serve as positive controls. Using this protocol, minimal cross-reactivity is observed for the spike proteins of MERS, SARS1, OC43 and HKU1 viruses, and no cross reactivity is observed with anti-influenza A H1N1 HAI. Our protocol may thus help provide standardized, population-based data on the extent of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, immunity and infection.
The Role of Mammalian Staufen on mRNA Traffic: a View from Its Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling Function (2005)

The localization of mRNA in neuronal dendrites plays a role in both locally and temporally regulated protein synthesis, which is required for certain forms of synaptic plasticity. RNA granules constitute a dendritic mRNA transport machinery in neurons, which move along microtubules. RNA granules contain densely packed clusters of ribosomes, but lack some factors that are required for translation, suggesting that they are translationally incompetent. Recently some of the components of RNA granules have been identified, and their functions are in the process of being examined, in attempts to better understand the properties of RNA granules. Mammalian Staufen, a double-stranded RNA binding protein, is a component of RNA granules. Staufen is localized in the somatodendritic domain of neurons, and plays an important role in dendritic mRNA targeting. Recently, one of the mammalian homologs of Staufen, Staufen2 (Stau2), was shown to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This finding suggests the possibility that Stau2 binds RNA in the nucleus and that this ribonucleoprotein particle is transported from the nucleus to RNA granules in the cytoplasm. A closer study of this process might provide a clue to the mechanism by which RNA granules are formed.
Protective effects of doxepin on acute brain ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats (1998)

AIM: To observe the protective effects of doxepin on acute brain ischemia_reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: Sixty rats were divided into 6 groups: doxepin 5, 10, 15 mg/kg groups, nimodipine positive control group, blank control group, and sham operation group. Acute cerebral ischemia_reperfusion injury was produced by 4_vessel occlusion. The contents of Ca 2+ ,K +,Na + in brain tissue were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS: Compared with blank control group, the contents of Ca 2+ ,Na +, and H 2O in brain tissues of nimodipine group and doxepin 15 and 10 mg/kg groups decreased markedly (P0.05 or P0.01); The contents of Ca 2+ in brain tissue of doxepin 5 mg/kg group decreased markedly (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Doxepin decreases the contents of Ca 2+ ,Na +, H 2O in brain tissue with acute brain ischemia_reperfusion injury markedly. It displays the effects of calcium antagonism.
A grand dame with hidden aces: The non-diabetic uses of insulin (2012)

This brief communication reviews the non-diabetic uses and utility of insulin. It highlights the lesser known uses in medicine, psychiatry, suregery and diagnostics that this versatile peptide has.
Lexical Scoping as Universal Quantification (1989)

: A universally quantified goal can be interpreted intensionally, that is, the goal 8x:G(x) succeeds if for some new constant c, the goal G(c) succeeds. The constant c is, in a sense, given a scope: it is introduced to solve this goal and is &quot;discharged&quot; after the goal succeeds or fails. This interpretation is similar to the interpretation of implicational goals: the goal D oe G should succeed if when D is assumed, the goal G succeeds. The assumption D is discharged after G succeeds or fails. An interpreter for a logic programming language containing both universal quantifiers and implications in goals and the body of clauses is described. In its non-deterministic form, this interpreter is sound and complete for intuitionistic logic. Universal quantification can provide lexical scoping of individual, function, and predicate constants. Several examples are presented to show how such scoping can be used to provide a Prolog-like language with facilities for local definition of programs, local declarations in modules, abstract data types, and encapsulation of state. Appears in the Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Logic Programming, Lisboa, Portugal, 19--23 June 1989. Address correspondence to Miller at &quot;dale@linc.cis.upenn.edu&quot; or at the address above. 1.
Oxidative Stress in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence: Regulation by Coding and Noncoding RNAs (2017)

We provide evidence that epigenetic profiling of MSCs is utilitarian to the prediction of therapeutic outcomes. In addition, strategies that target oxidative stress-associated mechanisms represent promising approaches to counteract the detrimental effect of age and senescence in MSCs.-Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 864-879.