gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
REVIEW: Pathogen-induced inflammation at sites distant from oral infection: bacterial persistence and induction of cell-specific innate immune inflammatory pathways (2010)

A hallmark of infection with the gram-negative pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is the induction of a chronic inflammatory response. P. gingivalis induces a local chronic inflammatory response that results in oral inflammatory bone destruction, which manifests as periodontal disease. In addition to chronic inflammation at the initial site of infection, mounting evidence has accumulated supporting a role for P. gingivalis-mediated periodontal disease as a risk factor for several systemic diseases including, diabetes, preterm birth, stroke, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A growing number of in vitro studies have demonstrated that P. gingivalis infection stimulates cell activation commensurate with expected responses paralleling inflammatory atherosclerotic-type responses. Furthermore, various mouse models have been used to examine the ability of P. gingivalis to stimulate chronic inflammatory plaque accumulation and recent studies have pointed to a pivotal role for innate immune signaling via the Toll-like receptors in the chronic inflammation associated with P. gingivalis infection. In this review we discuss the pathogen and host cell specificity of these responses and discuss possible mechanisms by which this oral pathogen can induce and maintain a chronic state of inflammation at sites distant from oral infection.
Selective Inhibition of Sweetness by the Sodium Salt of +/-2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)propanoic Acid (1999)

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which the sodium salt of +/-2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propanoic acid (Na-PMP) reduced sweet intensity ratings of 15 sweeteners in mixtures. Na-PMP has been approved for use in confectionary/frostings, soft candy and snack products in the USA at concentrations up to 150 p.p.m. A trained panel evaluated the effect of Na-PMP on the intensity of the following 15 sweeteners: three sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose), three terpenoid glycosides (monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, rebaudioside-A, stevioside), two dipeptide derivatives (alitame, aspartame), two N-sulfonylamides (acesulfame-K, sodium saccharin), two polyhydric alcohols (mannitol, sorbitol), 1 dihydrochalcone (neohesperidin dihydrochalcone), one protein (thaumatin) and one sulfamate (sodium cyclamate). Sweeteners were tested at concentrations isosweet with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% sucrose in mixtures with two levels of Na-PMP: 250 and 500 p.p.m. In addition, the 15 sweeteners were tested either immediately or 30 s after a pre-rinse with 500 p.p.m. Na-PMP. In mixtures, Na-PMP at both the 250 and 500 p.p.m. levels significantly blocked sweetness intensity for 12 of the 15 sweeteners. However, when Na-PMP was mixed with three of the 15 sweeteners (monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and thaumatin), there was little reduction in sweetness intensity. Pre-rinsing with Na-PMP both inhibited and enhanced sweetness with the greatest enhancements found for monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and thaumatin, which were not suppressed by Na-PMP in mixtures. The mixture data suggest that Na-PMP is a selective competitive inhibitor of sweet taste. The finding that pre-treatment can produce enhancement may be due to sensitization of sweetener receptors by Na-PMP.
The Staining and Morphology of the Human Spermatozoon (1934)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1934The Staining and Morphology of the Human Spermatozoon W.W. Williams, Arthur McGugan, and H.D. Carpenter W.W. WilliamsW.W. Williams More articles by this author , Arthur McGuganArthur McGugan More articles by this author , and H.D. CarpenterH.D. Carpenter More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)72349-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1934 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByBrown R (2018) Lipid Constituents of Human Male Reproductive Cells as Determined by Sudan Black BJournal of Urology, VOL. 67, NO. 4, (557-564), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1952.Cohen M and Stein I (2018) Sperm Survival at Estimated Ovulation Time: Comparative Studies in MorphologyJournal of Urology, VOL. 65, NO. 3, (467-473), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1951.Gersh I (2018) The Role of the Urologist in the Problem of InfertilityJournal of Urology, VOL. 66, NO. 3, (450-457), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1951. Volume 32Issue 2August 1934Page: 201-212 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1934 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information W.W. Williams More articles by this author Arthur McGugan More articles by this author H.D. Carpenter More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Characterization of the protease and other products of amino-terminus-proximal cleavage of the herpes simplex virus 1 UL26 protein (1993)

The herpes simplex virus 1 UL26 open reading frame encodes a protease which cleaves a small carboxyl-terminal peptide of itself and its substrate encoded by an overlapping, 3'-coterminal transcriptional unit, designated UL26.5. The translational product of UL26.5 is infected-cell protein 35c,d (ICP35c,d) (F. Liu and B. Roizman, J. Virol. 65:206-212, 1991; F. Liu and B. Roizman, J. Virol. 65:5149-5156, 1991). The protease activity maps at the amino terminus of UL26 translation product designated Pra. Cleavage of Pra to remove the carboxyl-terminal 25 amino acids converts the protein to Prb (F. Liu and B. Roizman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2076-2080, 1992). Other studies reported a second, amino-terminus-proximal cleavage in UL26 gene products made in Escherichia coli (I. C. Deckman, M. Hagen, and P. J. McCann III, J. Virol 66:7362-7367, 1992; C. L. DiIanni, D. A. Drier, I. C. Deckman, P.J. McCann III, F. Liu, B. Roizman, R. J. Colonno, and M. G. Cordingley, J. Biol. Chem., 368:2048-2051, 1993). We report the following results. (i) The amino-terminus-proximal cleavage of UL26 protein in eukaryotic cells generates two polypeptides, an apparent M(r)-25,000 amino-terminal polypeptide designated Prn and a carboxyl-terminal polypeptide which corresponds in electrophoretic mobility to ICP35a. Cleavage of the carboxyl-terminal 25 amino acids by the UL26 protease converted ICP35a to ICP35b. (ii) Replacement of Ala-247-Ser-248 with Arg-Pro precluded the amino-terminus-proximal cleavage. (iii) Prn, the amino-terminal product of the cleavage reaction at amino acid 247 functions as a protease. (iv) Additional amino acid substitutions in the putative domain of the protease yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that UL26 encodes a serine protease. (v) The domain of the UL26 protein whose modification confers the formation of double bands for all products (Pra, Prb, ICP35a, ICP35b, ICP35c,d, and ICP35e,f) except Prn maps in the domain shared by UL26 and UL26.5, between codons 307 and 417.
Ortho-Selective Direct Cross-Coupling Reaction of 2-Aryloxazolines and 2-Arylimidazolines with Aryl and Alkenyl Halides Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complexes (2005)

The ortho position of the aromatic ring in 2-aryloxazolines and 2-arylimidazolines is selectively arylated and alkenylated with organic halides in the presence of a ruthenium(II)-phosphine complex. In the case of unsubstituted and para-substituted phenyloxazolines, 1:2 coupled products were obtained preferentially, while 1:1 coupled products were obtained in the case of meta-substituted phenyloxazolines and N-acylarylimidazolines. The reaction is proposed to proceed via the generation of an organoruthenium intermediate, formed by oxidative addition of the organic halide, and ortho-ruthenation directed by the coordination of the 2-oxazolinyl or 2-imidazolinyl group to the ruthenium center.
Exploring Attribute Correspondences Across Heterogeneous Databases by Mutual Information (2006)

Identifying attribute correspondences across heterogeneous databases is a critical and time-consuming step in integrating the databases. Past research has applied correlation analysis techniques to explore correspondences between attributes. These techniques, however, are appropriate for numeric attributes that are linearly related. This paper proposes an information-theoretic approach to exploring correspondences between attributes in heterogeneous databases. The proposed approach is applicable to character attributes, as well as to numeric attributes, regardless whether or not they are linearly related. It overcomes some serious shortcomings of previous approaches based on correlation analysis and has much broader applicability. The proposed procedure samples both matching and nonmatching pairs of records from the databases under consideration, applies matching functions to compare pairs of attributes, and then uses the mutual information to measure the dependency between a matching function as applied to a pair of attributes and the class (i.e., matching or nonmatching) of a pair of records. A high mutual information index implies a potential attribute correspondence, which is presented to the analyst for further evaluation. The paper also presents some empirical results demonstrating the utility of the proposed approach.
Mental Health, Educational, and Social Role Outcomes of Adolescents With Depression (2002)

Young people having early depression were at increased risk of later adverse psychosocial outcomes. There was a direct linkage in which early depression was associated with increased risk of later major depression and anxiety disorders. Linkages between early depression and other outcomes appeared to reflect the effects of confounding factors.
Low Band Gap Donor−Acceptor Conjugated Polymers toward Organic Solar Cells Applications (2006)

Mixtures of conjugated polymers and fullerenes command considerable attention for application in organic solar cells. To increase their efficiency, the design of new materials that absorb at longer wavelengths is of substantial interest. We have prepared such low band gap polymers using the donor−acceptor route, which is based on the concept that the interaction between alternating donors and acceptors results in a compressed band gap. Furthermore, for application in photovoltaic devices, sufficient polymer solubility is required. We have prepared four low band gap conjugated polymers, with a bis(1-cyano-2-thienylvinylene)phenylene base structure, and achieved an excellent solubility by the introduction of long alkoxy and alkyl side chains. The polymers were synthesized via an oxidative polymerization. Their electronic properties were determined from electrochemical and optical measurements, which confirm that they indeed have a low band gap. In the blend of such a low band gap polymer with PCBM, evidence for efficient charge transfer was obtained from PL and EPR measurements. However, bulk heterostructure solar cells made of such blends display only low efficiencies, which is attributed to low charge carrier mobilities.
From fixed to mobile femtocells in LTE systems: Issues and challenges (2013)

This paper investigates the concept of Mobile Femtocell which is the extension of implementing Mobile Relays and Fixed Femtocells. Mobile Femtocells can be deployed in public transportation vehicles such as trains, buses or private cars that form its own cell inside vehicles to serve vehicular and mobile User Equipments. This study intends to help cell-edge users to have better signal strength. An investigation into Long Term Evolution cell-edge users' performance is being conducted by investigating the deployment of Mobile Femtocells in LTE system. The throughput for cell edge users can be improved by deploying Fixed/Mobile Femtocells. This paper is considering several scenarios namely; Fixed Femtocells with Fixed users, Mobile Femtocells with fixed users, Fixed Femtocells with mobile users and Finally Mobile Femtocells with mobile users. The achieved results via Matlab simulation showed that Mobile Femtocells' users have enjoyed better Quality of Services than Fixed Femtocells' users. The improved performance has been noticed through the improvement of the Mobile Femtocells UEs' spectral efficiency, throughput and SINR over the Fixed Femtocells' users.
Low-Energy Shock Wave for Enhancing Recruitment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2006)

Preconditioning of both nonischemic and chronic ischemic tissue with low-energy SW improves recruitment of circulating EPCs via enhanced expression of chemoattractant factors. Thus, SW-facilitated cell therapy may improve the efficacy of EPC treatment in patients with chronic ischemia.
Superresolution algorithms for a modified Hopfield neural network (1991)

The authors describe the implementation of a superresolution (or spectral extrapolation) procedure on a neural network, based on the Hopfield (1982) model. They show the computational advantages and disadvantages of such an approach for different coding schemes and for networks consisting of very simple two-state elements as well as those made up of more complex nodes capable of representing a continuum. It is demonstrated that, with the appropriate hardware, there is a computational advantage in using the Hopfield architecture over some alternative methods for computing the same solution. The relationship between a particular mode of operation of the neural network and the regularized Gerchberg (1974) and Papoulis (1975) algorithm is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
p70S6 kinase mediates breast cancer cell survival in response to surgical wound fluid stimulation (2014)

In early breast cancer, local relapses represent a determinant and not simply an indicator of risk for distant relapse and death. Notably, 90% of local recurrences occur at or close to the same quadrant of the primary cancer. Relevance of PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K signaling in breast tumorigenesis is very well documented. However, the pathway/s involved in the process of breast cancer local relapse are not well understood. The ribosomal protein p70S6K has been implicated in breast cancer cell response to post-surgical inflammation, supporting the hypothesis that it may be crucial also for breast cancer recurrence. Here, we show that p70S6K activity is required for the survival of breast cancer cells challenged in "hostile" microenvironments. We found that impairment of p70S6K activity in breast cancer cells strongly decreased their tumor take rate in nude mice. In line with this observation, if cells were challenged to grow in anchorage independence or in clonogenic assay, growth of colonies was strongly dependent on an intact p70S6K signaling. This in vitro finding was particularly evident when breast cancer cells were grown in the presence of wound fluids harvested following surgery from breast cancer patients, suggesting that the stimuli present in the post-surgical setting at least partially relied on activity of p70S6K to stimulate breast cancer relapse. From a mechanistic point of view, our results indicated that p70S6K signaling was able to activate Gli1 and up-regulate the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, thereby activating a survival response in breast cancer cells challenged in hostile settings. Our work highlights a previously poorly recognized function of p70S6K in preserving breast cancer cell survival, which could eventually be responsible for local relapse and opens the way to the design of new and more specific therapies aiming to restrain the deleterious effects of wound response.
Hardware-efficient nonlinear equalizer and its performance (2002)

We have previously shown that nonlinear equalizers have performance advantages over conventional linear equalizers in magnetic recording channels. One drawback of the original architecture for the proposed nonlinear equalizers is that it requires more multiplications per symbol interval than linear FIR digital filters. This limits its implementability in digital circuits. A digital nonlinear filter architecture without multipliers is presented. We restrict the connection weights of the nonlinear filters to be powers of two or sums of two powers of two. The equalizers obtained by the second approach is shown to have performance indicators quite close to the original filter with continuous valued connection weights. Experimental and simulation results are presented. Asynchronously sampled data from a spin-stand is used for the experimental part.
Isolation Structure and Physiological Activities of Piericidin B, Natural Insecticide Produced by a Streptomyces (1968)

Piericidin B was isolated from mycellia of Streptomyces mobaraensis besides piericidin A. On the basis of IR, NMR and mass spectral studies together with chemical evidences, its structure was assigned as Id. Its physiological activities are also deescribd.
Magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconductors: A review (invited) (1987)

Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are semiconducting alloys containing a random distribution of substitutional magnetic ions (e.g., Mn++ in Cd1−xMnxSe). Magnetic properties of DMS—such as spin glass behavior due to lattice frustration, magnon excitations in a random system of spins, superexchange, and short range antiferromagnetic order—are of considerable interest in their own right. In addition, understanding these properties is important because they strongly influence the electronic phenomena in DMS via the sp-d exchange interaction between the band electrons and the localized magnetic moments. We review the most recent results concerning magnetic susceptibility, Mn++-Mn++ nearest-neighbor exchange, and magnetic short-range order in these materials. On this basis, we can present a fairly complete and unified picture of magnetic properties of DMS. In addition, we point out some of the issues and challenges that lie ahead.
Refractive index measurement of absorbing and turbid fluids by reflection near the critical angle (1995)

A method is described for measuring the specular optical reflectance R(phi) of the interface between a fluid and a glass prism, the incident and reflected light being in the glass, and the angle of incidence phi being varied about the critical angle. Transparent, absorbing and some turbid fluids give R(phi) close to theoretical predictions, and experimental reflectance data are analysed to give the real (n') and imaginary (n'') refractive indices of the fluid. Other turbid fluids gave R(phi) data that differed strongly from theoretical expectation. This is attributed to heterogeneity of the fluid on the optical wavelength scale, and problems of refractometry for such fluids are discussed.
Mini-review: Marine natural products and their synthetic analogs as antifouling compounds: 2009–2014 (2015)

This review covers 214 marine natural compounds and 23 of their synthetic analogs, which were discovered and/or synthesized from mid-2009 to August 2014. The antifouling (AF) compounds reported have medium to high bioactivity (with a threshold of EC(50) < 15.0 mg ml(-1)). Among these compounds, 82 natural compounds were identified as new structures. All the compounds are marine-derived, demonstrating that marine organisms are prolific and promising sources of natural products that may be developed as environmentally friendly antifoulants. However, this mini-review excludes more than 200 compounds that were also reported as AF compounds but with rather weak bioactivity during the same period. Also excluded are terrestrial-derived AF compounds reported during the last five years. A brief discussion on current challenges in AF compound research is also provided to reflect the authors' own views in terms of future research directions.
Synthesis of <i>S</i>-Linked Glycopeptides in Aqueous Solution (2003)

Investigation of direct S-glycosylation of homocysteine and cysteine containing peptides with O-acetyl protected glycosyl halides led under two-phase conditions in the presence of sodium carbonate as base to excellent results. Thus, from glucosyl bromide, galactosyl bromide, lactosyl bromide, sialyl chloride, and N-Troc protected 2-amino-2-deoxyglucosyl bromide S-glycosylated dipeptides 15, 18-21, 23, 24, and 26-29, respectively, were obtained in excellent yields. Alternatively, depending on the solubility of the peptide moiety, mixtures of DMF and water could be employed for successfully carrying out this reaction. Thus, S-glycosylated tripeptides 42-45 could be obtained. Combination of this method with chemical ligation was also successfully carried out.
Characteristics of Self-propelled Rotary Tools in Machining High-performance Materials. (1991)

Machining of high-performance materials hitherto remains a major challenge in production. Cutting some of those materials by the self-propelled rotary tool is evaluated in this paper with respect to tool wear and tool life. Experimental results show that the rotary tool, characterized by the tangential motion of the circular cutting edge, enhances tool life far longer than the conventional one in turning a metal-matrix composite. Crater wear hardly occurs in rotary cutting of a titanium alloy and a high manganese steel. The inclination angle of the rotary tool is found to be an important factor which controls the relative motions between the tool and the work (chip), and hence tool wear.
Fluorous Synthesis of <sup>18</sup>F Radiotracers with the [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoride Ion: Nucleophilic Fluorination as the Detagging Process (2008)

Tag team: The fluoro-detagging of fluorous sulfonates by the [18F]fluoride ion was found to be an advantageous strategy for the preparation of various 18F-labeled prosthetic groups and known radiotracers (see picture). Fluorous solid phase extraction (FSPE) was used to separate the excess fluorous precursor from the labeled material, which suggests that traditional purification protocols such as distillation or tedious separation can be avoided. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Stabilization of Copper Catalysts for Liquid‐Phase Reactions by Atomic Layer Deposition (2013)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of an alumina overcoat can stabilize a base metal catalyst (e.g., copper) for liquid-phase catalytic reactions (e.g., hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural in alcoholic solvents or water), thereby eliminating the deactivation of conventional catalysts by sintering and leaching. This method of catalyst stabilization alleviates the need to employ precious metals (e.g., platinum) in liquid-phase catalytic processing. The alumina overcoat initially covers the catalyst surface completely. By using solid state NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy, it was shown that high temperature treatment opens porosity in the overcoat by forming crystallites of γ-Al2 O3 . Infrared spectroscopic measurements and scanning tunneling microscopy studies of trimethylaluminum ALD on copper show that the remarkable stability imparted to the nanoparticles arises from selective armoring of under-coordinated copper atoms on the nanoparticle surface.
Hormonal Control of Behavior: Amines and the Biasing of Behavioral Output in Lobsters (1988)

Hormones and neurohormones act on the nervous system to produce important changes in behavior. Amine actions in the lobster nervous system and their possible relations to aggressive behavior in lobsters were studied in order to explore how such changes might come about.