gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-State Thermal Rectification With Existing Bulk Materials (2009)

A two-terminal thermal device exhibits thermal rectification if it transports heat more easily in one direction than in the reverse direction. Within the framework of classical heat conduction by Fourier’s law, thermal rectification occurs in a two-segment bar if the thermal conductivities of the segments have different dependencies on temperature. The general solution to this problem is a pair of coupled integral equations, which in previous work had to be solved numerically. In this work the temperature dependencies of the thermal conductivities are approximated using power laws, and perturbation analysis at low thermal bias leads to a simple algebraic expression, which shows that the rectification is proportional to the difference in the power-law exponents of the two materials, multiplied by a geometric correction function. The resulting predictions have no free parameters and are in good agreement with the experimental results from the literature. For maximum rectification, the thermal resistances of the two segments should be matched to each other at low thermal bias. For end point temperatures of 300 K and 100 K, using common bulk materials it is practical to design a rectifier with rectification of well over one hundred percent. A new quantity, the normalized thermal rectification, is proposed to better facilitate comparisons of various rectification mechanisms across different temperature ranges.
Monitoring the Anticoagulant Effects of a Low Molecular Weight Heparin Preparation:<i>Correlation of Assays in Orthopedic Surgery Patients Receiving Ardeparin Sodium for Prophylaxis of Deep Venous Thrombosis</i> (1995)

This prospective, uncontrolled trial explored the relationship between varying dosages of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) preparation, ardeparin sodium (Normiflo, Wyeth-Ayerst, Philadelphia, PA), and anticoagulant effects, monitored by an amidolytic anticoagulation factor Xa (aXa) assay and by global coagulometric methods, including the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and the Heptest (Haemachem, St. Louis, MO). Thirty-three patients undergoing elective unilateral total hip or knee replacement received subcutaneous ardeparin prophylaxis initiated 12 to 18 hours following surgery, administered at a fixed 40-mg dose twice daily, 50 aXa U/kg twice daily or 90 aXa U/kg once daily for up to 14 days. The target antithrombotic aXa levels, determined by amidolytic assay in plasma 6 hours after each ardeparin injection, were most optimally attained and maintained by twice-daily dosing based on body weight and correlated well with incremental increases in Heptest values measured chronometrically. The Heptest results at 12 hours after ardeparin administration indicated that the global anticoagulant effects produced by LMWH are sustained for many hours after subcutaneous dosing.
Application of solvent slugs in thermal recovery operations (1965)

A method is proposed for using a buffered alcohol slug ahead of the condensate bank in continuous steam flooding, or in hot-water flooding operations. The improved phase behavior characteristics of alcohol- hydrocarbon-brine systems at elevated temperatures can lead to an appreciable improvement in recovery. Under ideal conditions a miscible zone will be maintained during the displacement, so that the desirable features of both miscible displacement and steam flooding could be utilized. computer models show that as much as 12% (basis of oil in place) more oil can be recovered due to a change in temperature from 25$C (77$F) to 80$C (176$F), when using alcohol alone. The overall increases in recovery when an alcohol slug is used in conjunction with a steam flood would be even greater. (18 refs.)
Optical second-harmonic generation for surface studies (1984)

Recently, it was demonstrated that optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is highly surface specific and can be used as a viable tool for surface studies. We shall review here recent progress in development of this surface probing technique. Specifically, we shall discuss the following problems.
Removal of CO<sub>2</sub>by Calcium-Based Sorbents in the Presence of SO<sub>2</sub> (2006)

In an investigation of in situ CO2 removal for fluidized-bed combustion processes, seven calcium-based sorbents were tested for simultaneous CO2 and SO2 removal using both an atmospheric thermogravimetric reactor and a pressurized thermogravimetric analyzer. SO2 was found to impede cyclic CO2 capture because of pore blockage by sulfate products, resulting primarily from direct sulfation during the later stage of each cycle. The sorbents showed similar patterns during cocapture. Loss in sorbent reversibility could not be prevented but was improved by higher CO2 partial pressures.
Upregulation of erythroblast apoptosis by malignant plasma cells: a new pathogenetic mechanism of anemia in multiple myeloma. (2002)

Anemia of variable severity occurs in more than two-thirds of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Besides the altered cytokine network, chronic erythropoietn deficiency, blood loss and hemolysis, we have shown that deregulated myeloma cell apoptosis contributes to progressive destruction of the erythroid matrix by inducing erythroblast cytotoxicity. To exert this effect, highly malignant plasma cells overexpress both Fas-L and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which efficiently trigger the death of immature erythroblasts. However, this Fas-L/TRAIL-based anemia occurs in particular in patients with severely progressive MM, thus suggesting that these apoptogen receptors may characterize a peculiar cytotoxic-apoptogenic phenotype of malignancy. Immunophenotyping of myeloma cells could help to identify patients with a higher risk of erythropoiesis exhaustion.
Bootstrapping mobile app development (2015)

Modern IDEs provide limited support for developers when starting a new data-driven mobile app. App developers are currently required to write copious amounts of boilerplate code, scripts, organise complex directories, and author actual functionality. Although this scenario is ripe for automation, current tools are yet to address it adequately. In this paper we present RAPPT, a tool that generates the scaffolding of a mobile app based on a high level description specified in a Domain Specific Language (DSL). We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by an example case study and feedback from a professional development team. Demo at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffquVgBYpLM.
Measuring Soil Nitrogen Mineralization under Field Conditions (2009)

Land application of animal manure is known to alter rates of nitrogen (N) mineralization in soils, but quantitative information concerning intensity and duration of these effects has been difficult to obtain under field conditions. We estimated net effects of manure on N mineralization in soils under field conditions in a completely randomized design, at six field sites, by comparing liquid swine (Sus scrofa) manure treatments to plots receiving no manure. Soil samples were collected immediately after manure application to determine inorganic N concentrations, and those samples were also incubated 28 d in the laboratory to determine amounts of N mineralized from the soil. Analyses and incubation were repeated on a second set of samples collected after various times, depending on the site. Differences in inorganic N concentrations were significant among treatments at all six locations for the first sampling and five of the six locations for the second sampling. In comparison, significant differences in inorganic N concentrations measured after 28 d of laboratory incubation were observed for only two of the six sites for each sampling time. Our results illustrate how to distinguish between the effects manure has on rates of N mineralization in soils and rates at which manure N is mineralized.
Modern Industrial Electronics (2001)

1. The Transistor Switch as a Decision-Maker2. Transistor Switches in Memory and Counting Applications3. Programmable Controllers4. SCRs5. UJTs6. TRIACs and other Thyristors7. An Industrial Automated Welding System8. Special Uses of Op Amps9. Feedback Systems and Servo Mechanisms10. Input Transducers - Measuring Devices11. Final Correcting Devices and Amplifiers12. Wound-Rotor DC Motors13. Non-Traditional DC Motors14. AC Motors15. Three Examples of Closed-Loop Industrial Systems16. Motor Speed Control Systems17. Telemetry18. Closed-Loop Control with an On-Line Memory19. Industrial Robots20. Safety21. Index
Surplus electric quantity online examination system of Lead-acid battery based on ARM (2008)

The lead-acid battery is widespread used in automobile, electric power and so on, but how to examine its surplus electric quantity accurately specially online surveys is a examines in the domain key question. So it has very extremely vital significance to design a practical lead-acid battery surplus electric quantity of online examination system. This article has designed a new kind of fiber sensor based on the light return principle. The principle is the receive of the luminous energy size and the electrolyte density will relate, and get battery surplus electric quantity by survey its density change on which we get the system. The system is including the optical fiber sensor, the photo electricity transforms, signal enlargement and ARM embedded system. And this system has realized the lead-acid battery electric quantity online examination. The experimental result indicated that this sensor and the online examination system able to realize the lead-acid battery electric quantity online examination, and it has many merits such as the structure simply, the survey accurate, the response keen, the service life long and so on. This system can become one kind of new lead-acid battery after the improvement, and it could be widely applies in automobile, electric power and so on.
Molecular Beam Stabilized Multiwatt Argon Lasers (1977)

Multiwatt Argon Lasers have been short-term and long-term stabilized. The laser line width has been reduced from 20 MHz to about 10 kHz and a long term stability of 7 × 10-14 has been achieved by using an I2 molecular beam as a reference. Frequency reproducibility of 1.5 × 10-12 has been demonstrated.
A History of Severe-Storm-Intercept Field Programs (1999)

Efforts to study severe convective storms and tornadoes by intercepting them either on the ground or on airborne platforms are highlighted. Airborne sorties into or near waterspouts in the Florida Keys with instruments were made in the late 1960s and the 1970s. The main goals of the first organized ground-based severe storm intercept field programs in the 1970s at the National Severe Storms Laboratory and at the University of Oklahoma were to verify severe weather signatures detected by a remote Doppler radar, to identify cloud features that could aid storm spotters, and to estimate wind speeds in tornadoes based on the photogrammetric analysis of tornado debris movies. Instruments were subsequently developed that could be carried along on intercept vehicles to measure in situ electric field change, thermodynamic variables, and wind, near the ground and aloft. Beginning in the late 1980s, portable and mobile Doppler radars were developed that could be used to make estimates of the maximum wind speeds in tornadoes and to map out the wind field in tornadoes. Airborne radar systems developed and flown in hurricanes in the 1980s were further refined and used in the 1990s to map out the wind field in severe convective storms. All these instruments were used in 1994 and 1995 in a large, coordinated, storm-intercept field program. Other efforts over the years have focused on collecting hail and on recording the sound from tornadoes. Some of the most important scientific results are summarized. Among the most significant are the identification of the visual architecture of tornadic supercells, the discovery of different modes of tornado formation and other types of vortices, and the verification of extremely high wind speeds in tornadoes previously only inferred from damage.
T cell receptors (1995)

Introduction: Historical overview. 1: Development of T cells in the thymus. 2: The function of aBT cells and the role of the co-receptor molecule, CD4 and CD8. 3: T cell specificity and function. 4: Emergence of the T cell receptor repertoire. 5: The human T cell receptor repertoire. 6: T cell activation. 7: Transgenesis and the T cell receptor. 8: Superantigens and tolerance. 9: Src - related kinases and their receptors in T cell activation. 10: Organisation of the human TCRB gene complex. 11: Genomic organisation of T cell receptor genes in the mouse. 12: Nature of variation among variable genes. 13: T cell receptor V(D)J recombination: Mechanisms and developmental regulation. 14: Allelic exclusion of T cell antigen receptor genes. 15: Plasticity of the TCR/CD3 complex. 16: The immune recognition unit: The TCR/peptide/MHC complex. 17: A structural model of a bacterial superantigen binding to MHC class II and T cell receptors. 18: Biosynthesis of MHC products and its relevance for antigen presentation. Appendix A1 - Nomanclative. Appendix A2 - Sequences
A surfactant-free strategy for controllable growth of hierarchical copper oxide nanostructures (2013)

A surfactant-free strategy for controllable growth of various hierarchical CuO nanostructures was successfully achieved through a facile, one-pot solution-phase transformation of CuxMy(OH)z (M = SO42−, Cl−, NO3− and CH3COO−) precursors method without extra heat treatment in air. The formation of CuO nanostructures here is essentially determined by the species of CuxMy(OH)z precursors. The nanoparticle aggregation with controllable shapes can be formed under different concentrations of reactants. Hierarchical CuO nanoflowers with different branched building blocks were prepared by the transformation of Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 precursors. Hierarchical CuO nanospindles and nanoplates were fabricated by the transformation of Cu2(OH)3NO3 precursors. Hierarchical CuO nanoplate assemblies and nanoplates were synthesized by the transformation of Cu7Cl4(OH)10H2O and C8H6Cu3O104H2O precursors, respectively. Structural and morphological evolutions were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). This study is of great importance in controllable synthesis of surfactant-free CuO nanostructures, because it not only enriches the family of CuO architectures but also offers a good chance to understand the nature of the solution-phase precursor transformation method for synthesizing CuO nanostructures. Significantly, it is believed that this surfactant-free solution-phase precursor-driven synthesis of nanostructures presented here might provide a green approach to design and growth other well-defined metal oxide nanostructures.
Use of carbohydrases in corn–soybean meal-based nursery diets1 (2003)

Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that supplementing nursery pig diets with a mixture of carbohydrases (CS) will improve pig performance and nutrient digestibility. The CS used in these experiments contained 7 units/g of alpha-1,6-galactosidase, 22 units/g of beta-1,4-mannanase, beta-1,4 mannosidase, and trace amounts of other enzymes. In Exp. 1, 108 pigs weaned at d 21 of age were fed one of three diets containing 0 (control), 0.1, or 0.2% CS for 5 wk, based on a three-phase feeding program (1, 2, and 2 wk). Over the entire 35-d period, ADG was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment, but supplementing 0.1% CS increased (P < 0.05) gain:feed by 9%. Experiment 2 used 10 gilts fitted with simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum at 3 wk of age. After cannulation, pigs were fed the same control Phase I and II diets, but the Phase III diet contained either 0 or 0.1% CS. Ileal samples were collected for the 3 d following the 5-d adjustment period during Phase III. Apparent ileal digestibility of GE, lysine, threonine, and tryptophan was greater (P < 0.05) in the CS diet. In Exp. 3, 90 pigs weaned at 21 d of age were fed the same control Phase I and II diets, but the Phase III diet contained either 0 or 0.1% CS. Phase III diets were fed for 3 wk. Average daily gain of the CS group was greater (P < 0.05) than the control group during wk 3. Gain:feed ratio was greater (P < 0.05) for the carbohydrase group during the entire Phase III period. Four pigs per treatment were killed at the end of Exp. 3 to measure villus height and to determine the concentration of raffinose and stachyose in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Average villus height was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the CS diet. Carbohydrase supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of stachyose in freeze-dried digesta from the proximal and distal small intestine. Raffinose concentration, on the other hand, was decreased (P < 0.05) by CS supplementation only in the distal small intestine. These lower concentrations suggest that CS improved the digestibility of carbohydrate in soybean meal. In conclusion, the addition of CS to Phase I and Phase II nursery diets containing low levels of soybean meal did not improve pig performance, but its addition to corn-soybean meal-based Phase III nursery diets improved gain:feed ratio and energy and AA digestibility.
A Loan Council for Canada: The Australian Experience (1936)

It is felt by many people that the refusal of the government of Alberta to accept the Loan Council principle, and the similar views expressed by other provincial governments, have sounded the death knell of a Loan Council in this country; and moreover, that Mr. Dunning's recently announced modifications of the plan will have little effect as a revitalizer. It is my belief that the scheme of individual provincial Loan Councils, while desirable as a means of giving the Dominion government a measure of control in situations where it has been obliged to become financially interested, is not calculated to pave the way towards a more comprehensive system of controlling government borrowing, along the lines of the Australian Loan Council. A more effective instrument for this purpose might well prove to be the National Finance Council; its evolution into a body with effective powers of control may take a period of years, but that is not necessarily an objection, since in matters of constitutional development the tortoise not infrequently defeats the hare. This, in brief, is the thesis which is developed in the following paper. For the purpose of this paper, discussion is limited to the control of federal and provincial governmental borrowing, and no consideration is given to the control of municipal borrowing. This is not because the latter problem is lacking in importance, or is irrelevant to the whole problem, but since the municipalities are the creations of the provincial government, and because they vary so widely in size, etc . , their control presents many fresh problems, the consideration of which would more than double the length of the present paper.
L'éducation civique, une tâche impossible ? (2005)

Résumé Quoi de plus familier, dans l’école républicaine, que l’« instruction civique », forme laïcisée du cours de morale ? Et si ce pieux exercice était devenu au fil du temps une forme vide, dont les paradoxes sont de plus en plus difficiles à soutenir ? C’est la question impie que pose Philippe Barret, qui fut naguère chargé du dossier au cabinet du ministre de l’Éducation nationale. Le droit positif pourrait néanmoins nous servir de recours.
Regulatory watch list for 2012: the shifting landscape for hedge funds and other private funds (2012)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain legislative and regulatory changes and related developments that will be of interest to hedge funds and other private funds as they traverse the shifting regulatory landscape in 2012. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides a general overview of the new regulatory regime that the Dodd‐Frank Act imposes on over‐the‐counter (OTC) derivatives; describes the rescission of a regulatory exclusion from the commodity pool operator (CPO) definition that was previously available to registered investment companies and the repeal of an exemption from CPO registration requirements for operators of funds whose shares are exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933; discusses proposed changes to CPO and commodity trading advisor (CTA) compliance requirements; discusses Dodd‐Frank Act changes to existing securities laws and regulations, including with respect to large trader reporting and investment advisers; highlights some of the concerns raised by MF Global, Inc.’s collapse; and describes recent tax law developments. Findings The paper reveals that the Dodd‐Frank Act significantly alters the space within which hedge funds and other private funds currently operate. Practical implications Whereas the majority of the regulations to implement the Dodd‐Frank Act have yet to become effective, federal regulators are working diligently to implement their mandates and hedge funds and other private funds should begin preparing to comply with the new Dodd‐Frank Act requirements now. Originality/value The paper provides expert guidance by experienced securities, derivatives and tax lawyers.
1990: Annus Mirabilis of Potassium Channels (1991)

Voltage-gated potassium channels make up a large molecular family of integral membrane proteins that are fundamentally involved in the generation of bioelectric signals such as nerve impulses. These proteins span the cell membrane, forming potassium-selective pores that are rapidly switched open or closed by changes in membrane voltage. After the cloning of the first potassium channel over 3 years ago, recombinant DNA manipulation of potassium channel genes is now leading to a molecular understanding of potassium channel behavior. During the past year, functional domains responsible for channel gating and potassium selectivity have been identified, and detailed structural pictures underlying these functions are beginning to emerge.
Synthetic Studies on Carbapenem Antibiotics: A Carbon-introduced Reaction at the C-4 Position of a b-Lactam by Carbane Insertion Reaction (1982)

The reactlon of 4-thia-azetldlnones with dlazomalonates in the presence of a catalytic amount of rhodlum 111) acetate afforded the carbon-introduced products at the C -position of 4 O-lactams.Recently, much attention1-''
Permeability of Cork to Gases (2011)

The permeability of gases through uncompressed cork was investigated. More than 100 samples were assessed from different plank qualities to provide a picture of the permeability distribution. A novel technique based on a mass spectrometer leak detector was used to directly measure the helium flow through the central area of small disks 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick. The permeability for nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases was measured by the pressure rise technique. Boiled and nonboiled cork samples from different sections were evaluated. An asymmetric frequency distribution ranging 3 orders of magnitude (roughly from 1 to 1000 μmol/(cm·atm·day)) for selected samples without macroscopic defects was found, having a peak below 100 μmol/(cm·atm·day). Correlation was found between density and permeability: higher density samples tend to show lower permeability. However, boiled cork showed a mean lower permeability despite having a lower density. The transport mechanism of gases through cork was also examined. Calculations suggest that gases permeate uncompressed cork mainly through small channels between cells under a molecular flow regime. The diameter of such channels was estimated to be in the range of 100 nm, in agreement with the plasmodesmata size in the cork cell walls.