gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Undecatungstophosphate sensitized strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams]. (2002)

Previously, a factor (Factor T) was found in aged mixtures of tungstate and phosphate, which greatly sensitizes strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams. Factor T was purified and identified as undecatungstophosphate([PW11O39]7-). Undecatungstosilicate([SiW11O39]8-), a compound closely related to undecatungstophosphate, showed a similar enhancing effect. Chemically, these compounds are classified as "polyoxotungstates", and it is expected that these tungsten compounds will be useful as a "tool" in laboratory tests: i.e., in screening media for highly resistant MRSA strains. They may be also useful to investigate the resistant mechanism of the bacterial cells.
Probabilistic Temporal Logic Falsification of Cyber-Physical Systems (2013)

We present a Monte-Carlo optimization technique for finding system behaviors that falsify a metric temporal logic (MTL) property. Our approach performs a random walk over the space of system inputs guided by a robustness metric defined by the MTL property. Robustness is guiding the search for a falsifying behavior by exploring trajectories with smaller robustness values. The resulting testing framework can be applied to a wide class of cyber-physical systems (CPS). We show through experiments on complex system models that using our framework can help automatically falsify properties with more consistency as compared to other means, such as uniform sampling.
Seasonality in affective disorders in Switzerland (2003)

These estimates for SAD in Switzerland are similar to those found in the Zürich Study, using other methods, and for populations in the UK, with the limitations inherent in retrospective questionnaire studies.
Hydraulics of culvert fishways II: slotted-weir culvert fishways (1989)

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the hydraulics of culvert fishways with a slotted-weir baffle system. Six designs with two baffle heights and three spacings were tested. A flow equation has been developed to predict the flow depth for any given discharge, diameter, and slope. The barrier velocity that would exist at the slot in the baffles has also been predicted in a general manner. This relatively simple slotted-weir baffle system has been found to match the performance of the more complicated but frequently used offset baffle system of similar dimensions. Key words: culverts, fishways, baffles, hydraulics, turbulent flow, open-channel flow.
A Murine Model of Polymyositis Induced by Coxsackievirus B1 (Tucson Strain) (1984)

Abstract A murine model of polymyositis induced by coxsackievirus B1, Tucson strain (CVB T ) is described. Intraperitoneal CVB T inoculation of CD 1 Swiss mice less than 48 hours old resulted in proximal hindquarter weakness that was first apparent 7 days after viral challenge and persisted for more than 10 weeks. Electromyographic and histologic evidence of a continuing myositis was present during this entire period of time. However, virus was not detectable later than 2 weeks post infection, despite clinical progression of disease. The finding of electromyographic and histologic abnormalities in CVB T ‐infected mice, long after virus had cleared and neutralizing antibody production evoked, suggests that persistent myositis may be immunologically mediated, triggered by the initial acute viral infection.
A potable biometric access device using dedicated fingerprint processor (2010)

Biometric signatures, or biometrics, are used to identify individuals by measuring certain unique physical and behavioral characteristics. Individuals must be identified to allow or prohibit access to secure areas--or to enable them to use personal digital devices such as, computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), or mobile phone. Virtually all biometric methods are implemented using the following 1) sensor, to acquire raw biometric data from an individual; 2) feature extraction, to process the acquired data to develop a feature-set that represents the biometric trait; 3) pattern matching, to compare the extracted feature-set against stored templates residing in a database; and 4) decision-making, whereby a user's claimed identity is authenticated or rejected. A typical access control system uses two components. First component is a fingerprint reader that is connected to a database to match the pre stored fingerprints with the one obtained by the reader. The second component is an RFID card that transmits information about the person that requests an access. In this paper, a compact system that consists of a CMOS fingerprint sensor (FPC1011F1) is used with the FPC2020 power efficient fingerprint processor; which acts as a biometric sub-system with a direct interface to the sensor as well as to an external flash memory for storing finger print templates. The small size and low power consumption enables this integrated device to fit in smaller portable and battery powered devices utilizing high performance identification speed. An RFID circuit is integrated with the sensor and fingerprint processor to create an electronic identification card (e-ID card). The e-ID card will pre-store the fingerprint of the authorized user. The RFID circuit is enabled to transmit data and allow access to the user, when the card is used and the fingerprint authentication is successful.
A computer vision approach for automated analysis and classification of microstructural image data (2015)

The ‘bag of visual features’ image representation was applied to create generic microstructural signatures that can be used to automatically find relationships in large and diverse microstructural image data sets. Using this representation, a support vector machine (SVM) was trained to classify microstructures into one of seven groups with greater than 80% accuracy over 5-fold cross validation. In addition, the bag of visual features was implemented as the basis for a visual search engine that determines the best matches for a query image in a database of microstructures. These novel applications demonstrate the potential and the limitations of computer vision concepts in microstructural science.
Tunable impedance transformer using a transmission line with variable characteristic impedance (2005)

This paper proposes a new structure for a tunable impedance transformer. The proposed transformer consists of a quarter-wavelength transmission line with variable characteristic impedance. The operating principle of the variable characteristic impedance is based on the use of parallel combinations of multiple transmission lines and by controlling the line connection with RF switches. Multiple switches are inserted at the in/out terminals of each transmission line. Since a parallel microstrip transmission line has a unique structure that involves a partially removed ground plane under the conductor line, it is possible to realize a high characteristic impedance line with a wide linewidth.
A Software Architecture for Adaptive Modular Sensing Systems (2010)

By combining a number of simple transducer modules, an arbitrarily complex sensing system may be produced to accommodate a wide range of applications. This work outlines a novel software architecture and knowledge representation scheme that has been developed to support this type of flexible and reconfigurable modular sensing system. Template algorithms are used to embed intelligence within each module. As modules are added or removed, the composite sensor is able to automatically determine its overall geometry and assume an appropriate collective identity. A virtual machine-based middleware layer runs on top of a real-time operating system with a pre-emptive kernel, enabling platform-independent template algorithms to be written once and run on any module, irrespective of its underlying hardware architecture. Applications that may benefit from easily reconfigurable modular sensing systems include flexible inspection, mobile robotics, surveillance, and space exploration.
Three-dimensional transform coding of multispectral data (2002)

We present a three-dimensional terrain-adaptive transform-based bandwidth compression technique for multispectral imagery. The transformation involves one dimensional Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) followed by two-dimensional discrete cosine transform. The algorithm exploits the inherent spectral and spatial correlations in the data. The images are spectrally decorrelated via the KLT to produce the eigen images. The resulting spectrally-decorrelated eigen images are then compressed using the JPEG algorithm. The algorithm is conveniently parameterized to accommodate reconstructed image fidelities ranging from near-lossless at about 5:1 compression ratio (CR) to visually lossy beginning at around 40:1 CR. A significant practical advantage of this approach is that it is leveraged on the standard and highly developed JPEG compression technology. Because of the significant compaction of the data resulting from the initial KLT process, an 8-bit JPEG can be used for coding the eigen images associated with 8, 10, or 12 bits multispectral data. The novelty of this technique lies in its unique capability to adaptively vary the characteristics of the spectral decorrelation transformation based upon the local terrain variation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Laser Particle Sizing Instrument (1977)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new laser particle sizing instrument has been constructed for on-line particle sizing of combustion exhausts. The instrument measures the optical extinction associated with single particles as they flow through focused laser beams. Two focused beams which cross at their minimum diameter along with coincident pulse detection electronics are used to size only those particles which traverse simultaneously both focused beams. Donut mode intensity beams together with double pulse detection circuitry are used to ensure the particles which are measured have traversed the peak laser intensity. Opaque particles in the size range 0.05 μm to 5.0 μm diameter can be sized with a diameter resolution of better than 10%. The present instrument can size ∼1000 particles in 3 minutes at its maximum allowable particle concentration of 10<sup>5</sup> particles/cm<sup>3</sup>. Both particle size distribution and particle emission rate from a diesel automobile exhaust were measured over an FTP cycle.</div>
Ionization and scintillation response of high-pressure xenon gas to alpha particles (2020)

High-pressure xenon gas is an attractive detection medium for a variety of applications in fundamental and applied physics. In this paper we study the ionization and scintillation detection properties of xenon gas at 10 bar pressure. For this purpose, we use a source of alpha particles in the NEXT-DEMO time projection chamber, the large scale prototype of the NEXT-100 neutrinoless double beta decay experiment, in three different drift electric field configurations. We measure the ionization electron drift velocity and longitudinal diffusion, and compare our results to expectations based on available electron scattering cross sections on pure xenon. In addition, two types of measurements addressing the connection between the ionization and scintillation yields are performed. On the one hand we observe, for the first time in xenon gas, large event-by-event correlated fluctuations between the ionization and scintillation signals, similar to that already observed in liquid xenon. On the other hand, we study the field dependence of the average scintillation and ionization yields. Both types of measurements may shed light on the mechanism of electron-ion recombination in xenon gas for highly-ionizing particles. Finally, by comparing the response of alpha particles and electrons in NEXT-DEMO, we find no evidence for quenching of the primary scintillation light produced by alpha particles in the xenon gas
Mechanism of Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene and 4-Vinylpyridine:  Characteristics of Reaction in the Monomer Phase, Aqueous Phase, and Their Interface (2001)

The characteristics of reactions in the monomer phase, aqueous phase, and the interface of monomer/aqueous phase of soap-free emulsion polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) and styrene (St) system were evaluated by using the different types of initiators, addition of organic solvents, and changes of agitation rate. The oil-soluble initiators 2,2‘-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (ADVN), benzoyl peroxide (BPO), and 2,2‘-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), the organic water-soluble initiator, 2,2‘-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (V50), and the inorganic water-soluble initiator, potassium persulfate (KPS), were used. 1H NMR and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were employed for the characterizations. As a result, the mechanism of interfacial particle formation was supported. Namely, the minimonomer droplets were generated by the disturbance in the interface of monomer/aqueous phase due to the agitation. The minimonomer droplets were stabilized by the adsorption of surface-active oligomer generated by the reactions in both the aqueous phase and the interface. The monomer transfer from the bulk monomer phase to the growing particles was via the coalescence of minimonomer droplets with particles. The role of reaction in the aqueous phase was proposed to just provide the surface-active oligomer for the stabilization of particles. The rapid reaction in the aqueous phase due to the high concentration of hydrophilic monomer produced longer hydrophilic chains and led to the coagulation of particles by a bridging−coagulation effect. On the basis of this mechanism, the coagulum-free stable latices with high monomer conversion were prepared by using KPS and AIBN and, theoretically, can be prepared by using any type of initiators at a high level of solid content and feed ratio of hydrophilic monomer.
Immobilized Palladium Metal-Containing Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation, Phenoxycarbonylation, and Aminocarbonylation Reactions (2013)

Immobilized palladium metal-containing ionic liquid (ImmPd-IL), a structurally well-defined transition metal complex, is explored as an immobilized, phosphine-free catalyst for carbonylation reactions, including alkoxycarbonylation, phenoxycarbonylation, and aminocarbonylation reactions. The effect of various reaction parameters, such as solvent, base, time, temperature, and CO pressure on carbonylation reactions using ImmPd-IL catalyst was investigated. The optimized protocol was applied to a wide variety of substituted aryl iodides and various alcohol/phenols and amines having different steric and electronic properties and afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yield. The developed catalytic system circumvents the use of phosphine ligands, with an additional advantage of palladium catalyst recovery and reuse for up to four consecutive cycles. The recycled catalyst was characterized using XPS analysis.
Full waveform inversion with image‐guided gradient (2010)

Full waveform inversion (FWI) with an image‐guided gradient improves convergence by reducing the number of parameters in the subsurface model. We represent the subsurface model with a sparse set of values, and from these values, we use image‐guided interpolation (IGI) to compute finely‐ and uniformly‐sampled gradients of the data misfit function in FWI. IGI makes models more blocky than finely‐sampled models, and this blockiness from the model space mitigates the absence of low frequencies in recorded data. A smaller number of parameters to invert also reduces the number of iterations required to converge to a solution model. Tests with a synthetic model and data demonstrate these improvements.
MONITORING OF PINKSPOTTED BOLLWORM, <i>PECTINOPHORA SCUTIGERA</i> (HOLDAWAY) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) WITH SEX ATTRACTANT TRAPS (1983)

Abstract Traps baited with ( Z,Z )—7, 11‐hexadecadienyl acetate were used to monitor the occurrence of the pink spotted bollworm, Pectinophora scutigera in cotton growing areas in central Queensland. Isomeric purity of the trap baits was not of particular importance, although catches were reduced when the level of the Z E isomer exceeded 20%. Males were captured throughout the cropping period but numbers increased as the bolls matured. Short‐term fluctuations in catches could not be related to temperature or pesticide treatments. There was no consistent relationship between the size of trap catches and the level of boll damage in the crop.
A novel current derivative measurement using recursive least square algorithms for sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous machine (2012)

The parasitic components of the VSI system cause high frequency oscillations in the motor current when an IGBT switches. To accomplish current derivative measurement for the position estimation using PWM voltage vector excitation, the one di/dt sample can be directly derived from the measurement of two motor current samples without sensors. In this paper, a proposed method is introduced, and which utilizes an advanced signal processing technique to estimate current samples during the oscillation period. With a robust and capable data acquisition system (FPGA/DSP), signal processing method can be implemented for the online current measurement, so the PWM excitation saliency tracking method can be definitely used to estimate the position without need of any additional di/dt sensors.
Stereoscopic conversion of two-dimensional movie encoded in MPEG-2 (2006)

We present an algorithm for stereoscopic conversion of two-dimensional movie encoded in MPEG-2. The stereoscopic algorithm consists of segmentation process and depth determination process. In the segmentation process, we segment the image based on the dc information and the motion vector information encoded by MPEG-2. After the segmentation, depth of each segment is determined by examining the motion vector and the overlapped region of the segment.
<title>Noninvasive fluorescence detection of physiological function</title> (1998)

A non-invasive in vivo fluorescence detection scheme was employed to continuously monitor exogenous dye clearance from the vasculature. Differentiation between normal and abnormal organ function in a rat model was demonstrated for both liver and kidney. A fiber optic transmitted excitation light from source to ear; a second fiber optic positioned near the ear transmitted the emitted fluorescent light to a detector system. Several dyes were employed in the initial feasibility studies. Indocyanine green, known to be exclusively cleared from the blood stream by the liver, was excited in vivo with laser light at 780 nm. The fluorescence signal was detected at 830 nm. Characteristic clearance curves of normal hepatic function were obtained, with decay rates that agreed well with literature values. After surgically performing a partial hepatectomy, clearance curves with greatly reduced decay rates were obtained as expected. Additionally, fluorescein labeled polymers and peptides were excited in vivo with laser light at 488 nm. The fluorescence signal was detected at 520 nm. Characteristic clearance curves of normal renal function were subsequently obtained. Thus, the feasibility of a new non- invasive method for physiological function assessment was established.
Enhance Fluorescence Imaging and Remove Motion Artifacts by Combining Pixel Tracking, Interleaved Acquisition, and Temporal Gating (2021)

Fluorescence imaging has been applied to improving many medical sub-specialties. In a clinical setting, there are motions of the imaging system and patients, as well as a high ambient light background. This presents a challenge for widely using fluorescence imaging systems clinically. In this paper, we present a novel approach combining computer vision and pulsed imaging system for enhanced fluorescence Imaging and motion artifacts removal. Specifically, we use a dense optical flow point tracking regime in conjunction with pulsed fluorescence excitation and interleaved acquisition. The system was characterized with respect to fluorescent detection sensitivity, using a clinically relevant fluorescent environment, and the results were compared to conventional steady-state (DC) fluorescence imaging. We also characterized the system with respect to fluorescence detection accuracy. We demonstrated a 45-fold reduction of motion artifacts by combining pixel tracking and fluorescence pixel identification with pulsed light imaging. Furthermore, the fluorescence imaging signal-to-background ratio is also improved for more than 2-fold. Our results indicate that pixel tracking, temporal gating, and interleaved acquisition can improve fluorescence imaging, especially for uses in realistic clinical settings where there is a high ambient light background.
Campylobacter biotyping scheme of epidemiological value. (1984)

A biotyping scheme has been developed which utilises 12 tests, including growth at 28 degrees C, hippurate hydrolysis, and 10 resistotyping tests. These tests are arranged in groups of three, and by assigning a numerical value to each positive test a four figure code is produced for each strain. The order of the tests is such that campylobacters are both speciated and biotyped . This scheme recognises Campylobacter jejuni, C coli, "C laridis ," C fetus fetus, and C fetus subspecies venerealis. The reproducibility of the biotyping technique and the stability of the biotype code have been determined by testing campylobacter reference strains. The routine application of the scheme has also been evaluated by biotyping 1000 recent campylobacter isolates, and the epidemiological value has been confirmed by testing serotyped isolates from several milk borne outbreaks.
Antioxidant properties of complexes of flavonoids with metal ions (2004)

The formation of complexes of metal ions with the flavonoids quercetin (L1), rutin (L2), galangin (L3) and catechin (L4) has been investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were evaluated by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicalscavenging method. In this work, we have shown that the complexed flavonoids are much more effective free radical scavengers than the free flavonoids. We suggest that the higher antioxidant activity of the complexes is due to the acquisition of additional superoxide dismutating centers. Radical scavenging activities of the compounds were also investigated from an electrochemical point of view. There is a relationship between the logarithm of the antioxidant activity (represented by EC50) and the oxidation potential. The synergic effect of the complexes and ascorbic acid were studied by [13C]-NMR analyses. The results show that ascorbic acid can protect flavonoids from oxidative degradation, and reveal antioxidant synergies between ascorbic acid and the compounds.
Gallinacin-3, an Inducible Epithelial β-Defensin in the Chicken (2001)

Gallinacin-3 and gallopavin-1 (GPV-1) are newly characterized, epithelial beta-defensins of the chicken (Gallus gallus) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), respectively. In normal chickens, the expression of gallinacin-3 was especially prominent in the tongue, bursa of Fabricius, and trachea. It also occurred in other organs, including the skin, esophagus, air sacs, large intestine, and kidney. Tracheal expression of gallinacin-3 increased significantly after experimental infection of chickens with Haemophilus paragallinarum, whereas its expression in the tongue, esophagus, and bursa of Fabricius was unaffected. The precursor of gallinacin-3 contained a long C-terminal extension not present in the prepropeptide. By comparing the cDNA sequences of gallinacin-3 and GPV-1, we concluded that a 2-nucleotide insertion into the gallinacin-3 gene had induced a frameshift that read through the original stop codon and allowed the chicken propeptide to lengthen. The striking structural resemblance of the precursors of beta-defensins to those of crotamines (highly toxic peptides found in rattlesnake venom) supports their homology, even though defensins are specialized to kill microorganisms and crotamines are specialized to kill much larger prey.