gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fhit Expression Protects Against HER2-Driven Breast tumor Development: Unraveling the Molecular Interconnections (2007)

The tumor suppressor gene FHIT is inactivated by genetic and epigenetic changes, i.e., loss of heterozygosity or promoter hypermethylation, in common human cancers. We recently showed that Fhit protein levels can be regulated by Fhit proteasome degradation mediated by EGF-dependent activation of EGFR family members, including HER2, whose overexpression is linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer. Analysis of a series of 384 human primary breast carcinomas revealed low/absent Fhit protein levels more frequently in HER2-overexpressing tumors. To test for a possible complementation of the FHIT and HER2 genes, tumor incidence was assessed in mice carrying one inactivated Fhit allele (Fhit(+/-)) crossed with FVB/N mice carrying the rat HER2/neu proto-oncogene driven by the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. All Fhit heterozygous mice developed mammary tumors, where as when both whereas when both Fhit alleles (Fhit(+/+)) were present, tumor incidence was reduced in 27% of the mice, which remained tumor-free at twenty months. These tumor-free at twenty months twenty months. findings suggest a protective role for FHIT in HER2-driven mammary tumors. Together, these data argue for the cooperation between Fhit and HER2 in breast carcinogenesis.
The impact of supply chain integration on performance: A contingency and configuration approach (2009)

Abstract This study extends the developing body of literature on supply chain integration (SCI), which is the degree to which a manufacturer strategically collaborates with its supply chain partners and collaboratively manages intra‐ and inter‐organizational processes, in order to achieve effective and efficient flows of products and services, information, money and decisions, to provide maximum value to the customer. The previous research is inconsistent in its findings about the relationship between SCI and performance. We attribute this inconsistency to incomplete definitions of SCI, in particular, the tendency to focus on customer and supplier integration only, excluding the important central link of internal integration. We study the relationship between three dimensions of SCI, operational and business performance, from both a contingency and a configuration perspective. In applying the contingency approach, hierarchical regression was used to determine the impact of individual SCI dimensions (customer, supplier and internal integration) and their interactions on performance. In the configuration approach, cluster analysis was used to develop patterns of SCI, which were analyzed in terms of SCI strength and balance. Analysis of variance was used to examine the relationship between SCI pattern and performance. The findings of both the contingency and configuration approach indicated that SCI was related to both operational and business performance. Furthermore, the results indicated that internal and customer integration were more strongly related to improving performance than supplier integration.
Polynomial perceptrons and their applications to fading channel equalization and co-channel interference suppression (1994)

This paper investigates the behaviors of polynomial perceptrons and introduces a fractionally spaced recursive polynomial perceptron with low complexity and fast convergence rate. The nonlinear mapping ability of the polynomial perceptron is analyzed. It is shown that a polynomial perceptron with degree L(/spl ges/4) satisfies the Stone-Weierstrass theorem and can approximate any continuous function to within a specified accuracy. Moreover, the nonlinear mapping ability of a polynomial perceptron with degree L is similar to that of the three-layer perceptron with one hidden layer for time same number of neurons in the input layer. The nonlinear mapping ability of the fractionally spaced recursive polynomial perceptron is also presented. Applications of polynomial perceptrons for fading channel equalization and co-channel interference suppression in a 16-level quadrature amplitude modulation receiver system are considered. Computer simulations are used to evaluate and compare the performance of polynomial perceptron (PP) and fractionally spaced bilinear perceptron (FSBLP) with that of the synchronous decision feedback multilayer perceptron (SDFMLP), fractionally spaced decision feedback multilayer perceptron (FSDFMLP), and the conventional decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The results show that the performance of the fractionally spaced bilinear perceptron is clearly superior to that of the other structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectral rounding and image segmentation (2006)

The ability of Neisseria species to use iron compounds and to compete with iron-binding proteins was examined with deferrated defined medium and the iron chelator deferoxamine. All Neisseria species were able to assimilate a variety of ferric and ferrous iron salts. They were not able to efficiently solubilize an inorganic iron salt such as ferric nitrate, but were able to use iron chelated by citrate, oxalacetate, pyrophosphate, or nitrilotriacetate. Each of the 95 Neisseria isolates examined was able to use hemin as a sole source of iron, and most, but not all, of the isolates were able to obtain iron from hemoglobin. Heated human serum stimulated growth of all gonococci, meningococci, and some commensal Neisseria species in iron-deficient medium. All gonococci and meningococci were able to scavenge iron from 25% saturated transferrin, whereas most commensal organisms were inhibited by this iron-binding protein. The ability to compete with transferrin was specific, since partially saturated conalbumin was bacteriostatic for all Neisseria species. Although the pathogenic Neisseria species were able to compete more efficiently with transferrin for iron than were the nonpathogenic Neisseria species, no correlation was observed between the virulence of different strains or colony types of gonococci and the ability to scavenge iron in vitro from transferrin or other chelators.
Non-catalytic and selective alkylation of phenol with propan-2-ol in supercritical water (2001)

Phenol can be alkylated with propan-2-ol without catalyst in supercritical water at 673 K with mainly ortho substituted alkylphenols being obtained and alkylation reaction rate increasing with increasing water density.
Selective Oxidation of Lignin into Aromatic Aldehydes Using Niobium Oxalate (2016)

<abstract> <b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> There is a strong interest in using lignin as a precursor for synthesis of value-added chemicals such as aromatic aldehydes. Among the existing processes for converting lignin into aromatic aldehydes, catalytic oxidation appears to be most promising. In this research, we explored niobium oxalate as a selective oxidation catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant for oxidizing lignin into vanillin and syringaldehyde. Research objectives were to (1) determine the effect of catalyst mass, lignin concentration, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration on synthesis of aromatic aldehydes; (2) study the effect of reaction temperature; and (3) optimize the reaction parameters. Batch experiments were performed via central composite design at 95°C using 4 to 12 g of lignin per 100 mL, 3 to 7 mL of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> per 100 mL, and 0.5 to 1.0 g of catalyst per 100 mL. Results indicated that under optimum conditions (3 mL of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, 0.5 g of catalyst, and 7.26 g of lignin), 65.58 mg g<sup>-1</sup> of vanillin and 23.12 mg g<sup>-1</sup> of syringaldehyde were produced. In addition, production of aldehydes showed dependency on temperature in the range of 85°C to 100°C, with 100°C producing the highest product concentrations. It is theorized that perhydroxyl anion (HOO<sup>-</sup>), being a strong nucleophile and the most active agent in alkaline hydrogen peroxide, breaks the Î± and Î²-aryl ether bonds of lignin to produce corresponding aldehydes. It is suggested that niobium is a potential catalyst for selective oxidation of lignin.
Treatment of 57 Headache Cases by Needling Point Xingjian (LR 2) Through Taichong(LR 3) (2003)

Needling point Xingjian (LR 2 ) through Taichong (LR 3) was used as main therapy to treat 57 headache cases by syndromic differentiation, which was compared with the treatment of another 60 cases with conventional points. The curative rate was 100% and 91.7% separately in one of the two groups. There was a significant difference in curative effect (P ＜0.01 ). The effect of the point-through-point method was superior to that of the conventional point method.
Pressure ulcer risk factors among hospitalized patients with activity limitation (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To identify specific demographic, medical, functional status, and nutritional characteristics that predict the development of stage 2 or greater pressure ulcers among patients whose activity is limited to bed or chair. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective inception cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Tertiary care, urban, university teaching hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 286 patients fulfilling the following criteria: admitted to the hospital within the previous 3 days, age 55 years or more, expected to be confined to bed or chair for at least 5 days or had a hip fracture, and without a stage 2 or greater pressure ulcer. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Time to in-hospital development of a stage 2 or greater pressure ulcer. <h3>Results.</h3> —Total cumulative incidence of pressure ulcers was 12.9% (n=37) after a median time of 9 days from admission to final skin examination. Age of 75 years or more, dry skin, nonblanchable erythema (a stage 1 pressure ulcer), previous pressure ulcer history, immobility, fecal incontinence, depleted triceps skinfold, lymphopenia (lymphocyte count <1.50×10<sup>9</sup>/L), and decreased body weight (<58 kg) were significantly associated with pressure ulcer development by univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analyses (<i>P</i><.05 by log-rank test). Risk ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for predictors (<i>P</i>≤.05) of pressure ulcer development after multivariable Cox regression analysis included the following: nonblanchable erythema, 7.52 (1.00 to 59.12); lymphopenia, 4.86(1.70 to 13.89); immobility, 2.36 (1.14 to 4.85); dry skin, 2.31 (1.02 to 5.21); and decreased body weight, 2.18 (1.05 to 4.52). The 3-week cumulative incidence of pressure ulcers with none, one, two, or three or more of these characteristics was 0%, 11.4%, 39.6%, and 67.9%, respectively (<i>P</i><.001 by log-rank test). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These results suggest that nonblanchable erythema, lymphopenia, immobility, dry skin, and decreased body weight are independent and significant risk factors for pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients whose activity is limited to bed or chair. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:865-870)
Light scattering with oxide nanocrystallite aggregates for dye-sensitized solar cell application (2010)

Oxide nanocrystallite aggregates are candidates for use in dye-sensitized solar cells. The aggregates are of submicron size, formed by nano-sized crystallites and, therefore, able to offer both a large specific surface area and desirable size comparable to the wavelength of light. While used for a photoelectrode in a dye-sensitized solar cell, the aggregates can be designed to generate effective light scattering and thus extend the traveling distance of light within the photoelectrode film. This would result in an enhancement in the light harvesting efficiency of the photoelectrode and thus an improvement in the power conversion efficiency of the cell. When this notion was applied to dye-sensitized ZnO solar cells, a more than 120% increase in the conversion efficiency was observed with photoelectrode film consisting of ZnO aggregates compared with that comprised of nanocrystallites only. In the case of TiO<sub>2</sub>, the photoelectrode film that was formed by TiO<sub>2</sub> aggregates presented conversion efficiency much lower than that obtained for nanocrystalline film. This may be attributed to the non-ideal porosity of the TiO<sub>2</sub> aggregates and the unsuitable facets of the nanocrystallites that form to the aggregates. However, a 21% improvement in the conversion efficiency was still observed for the TiO2 films including nanocrystallites mixed with 50% aggregates, indicating the effectiveness of the TiO<sub>2</sub> aggregates as light scatterers in dye-sensitized solar cells. Optimization of the structure and the surface chemistry of TiO<sub>2</sub> aggregates, aiming to yield more significant improvement in the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells, is necessary.
Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults (1987)

Effervescent lozenges containing 10 mg of zinc acetate were evaluated as a treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in a double-blind randomized trial by using a placebo which was indistinguishable to most observers in taste and appearance from the active material. Of the 70 treatment courses used by 55 individuals in 34 families, 63 (33 zinc and 30 placebo) were considered evaluable, in that the volunteer used the medication at least four times daily for at least 3 days, the average utilization being 5.4 days at an average dose of six lozenges daily. Six users of zinc reported nausea (versus no placebo users), and eight reported an unpleasant taste or aftertaste (versus one placebo user). No benefit was observed among the users of zinc acetate. The mean duration of symptoms in users of the zinc was 12.1 days, compared with 7.7 days in those who used the placebo. Nor was any beneficial effect of zinc evident among the four zinc-treated versus the two placebo-treated individuals from whom rhinovirus was grown.
Mitochondrial Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (MTHFD2) Overexpression Is Associated with Tumor Cell Proliferation and Is a Novel Target for Drug Development (2015)

Rapidly proliferating tumors attempt to meet the demands for nucleotide biosynthesis by upregulating folate pathways that provide the building blocks for pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis. In particular, the key role of mitochondrial folate enzymes in providing formate for de novo purine synthesis and for providing the one-carbon moiety for thymidylate synthesis has been recognized in recent studies. We have shown a significant correlation between the upregulation of the mitochondrial folate enzymes, high proliferation rates, and sensitivity to the folate antagonist methotrexate (MTX). Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large-cell lymphoma tumor specimens have the highest levels of mitochondrial folate enzyme expression and are known to be sensitive to treatment with MTX. A key enzyme upregulated in rapidly proliferating tumors but not in normal adult cells is the mitochondrial enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD2). This perspective outlines the rationale for specific targeting of MTHFD2 and compares known and generated crystal structures of MTHFD2 and closely related enzymes as a molecular basis for developing therapeutic agents against MTHFD2. Importantly, the development of selective inhibitors of mitochondrial methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase is expected to have substantial activity, and this perspective supports the investigation and development of MTHFD2 inhibitors for anticancer therapy.
Pulsed‐Dye Laser Treatment of Leg Telangiectasia: With and Without Simultaneous Sclerotherapy (1990)

Thirty consecutive female patients with red leg telangiectasia less than 0.2 mm in diameter were treated with a Candela SPTL-1 Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL) tuned to 585 nm with a pulse duration of 450 microseconds at energies ranging from 6.0 to 8.5 J/cm2 delivered through a 5-mm spot size to the entire length of the telangiectasia. Seven patients with 25 patches of telangiectatic matting after previous sclerotherapy were also treated. Twenty-seven patients with symmetrical telangiectatic patches or a large "starburst" telangiectatic flair that could be divided into two separate treatment sites were treated at one site with PDL alone, and at the other site with a combination of PDL followed immediately by sclerotherapy (SCL) with Polidocanol 0.1-0.25 ml per injection site at a concentration of either 0.25%, 0.5%, or 0.75%. PDL treatment is efficacious for both essential telangiectasia and vessels that arise through the phenomena of telangiectatic matting. Sixty-five percent of vessels are completely faded with treatment. PDL alone has a remarkably low incidence of adverse sequelae. Treatment is most efficacious if all vessels larger than 0.2 mm in diameter, especially varicose and reticular feeding veins, are treated first. Treatment results are not affected by vessel location. And post-treatment compression of this type of vessel appears unnecessary. Combination PDL/SCL treatment appears to offer no advantage to sclerotherapy treatment alone and has a significant degree of complications when treatment is limited to red telangiectasia less than 0.2 mm in diameter with the laser parameters utilized.
A one chip super graphics CPU with direct unified memory controller suitable for car information and control system (2002)

A one chip super graphics CPU with graphics and unified memory controller has been developed. It requires no dedicated graphics memory and has significantly lower system cost with 1.6 times higher performance than CPUs with state-of-the-art technology. Its process and package are 0.18 /spl mu/m and 256 pin QFP, respectively.
Infection of muscle cultures from various species with oncogenic DNA viruses (SV40 and polyoma). (1967)

In primarily infected tissue culture cells, oncogenic viruses stimulate the syn-
Expression of the <i>CYP19</i> (aromatase) gene: an unusual case of alternative promoter usage (1997)

Family 19 of the P450 super family is responsible for the conversion of C19 androgenic steroids to the corresponding estrogens, a reaction known as aromatization because it involves conversion of the delta4-3-one A-ring of the androgens to the corresponding phenolic A-ring characteristic of estrogens. The gene encoding human aromatase has been cloned and characterized and shown to be unusual compared to genes encoding other P450 enzymes, because there are numerous untranslated first exons that occur in aromatase transcripts in a tissue-specific fashion due to differential splicing as a consequence of the use of tissue-specific promoters. Thus, expression in the ovary uses a proximal promoter that is regulated primarily by cAMP. On the other hand, expression in the placenta uses a distal promoter located at least 40 kb upstream of the start of transcription that is regulated by retinoids. Other promoters are used in brain and adipose tissue. In the latter case, class I cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-11, as well as TNF-alpha, are important regulatory factors. A common 3'-splice junction located upstream of the start of translation is used in all of the splicing events involved in the use of these various promoters. Thus, the coding region of the transcripts, and hence the protein, are identical regardless of the tissue site of expression; what differs in a tissue-specific fashion is the 5'-end of the transcripts. This pattern of expression has great significance both from a phylogenetic and ontogenetic standpoint, as well as for the physiology and pathophysiology of estrogen formation, as will be discussed in this review.
TalkingNemo (2016)

Have you ever talked to fish? If you can incorporate the feelings of your fish into breeding systems, life with your fish can become more comfortable, fun, and a greater experience overall. In breeding pets, owners often cannot properly understand their pet's internal state, which can lead to impaired health-or worse, loss of life-for the pet. In case of fish, such situations are more likely to occur than with dogs or cats, since owner-pet communication is more difficult with fish. Although fish are the most bred pets [1], information and communications technology (ICT)-based solutions for accelerating owner-pet interaction have not yet been sufficiently explored. We present "TalkingNemo," an aquarium fish breeding system that enables interaction between owners and their fish. TalkingNemo detects the condition of fish and their aquarium via a camera and sensors attached to the aquarium, and notifies users with speech balloons as from the perspective of the fish (Figure 1). TalkingNemo empowers us to breed fish in good condition over a longer period. This paper introduces the architecture and evaluates the results of TalkingNemo.
Hydrogen and the 2050 UK energy consumer (2011)

Hydrogen and fuel cells for low-carbon energy have been considered in a road map for the UK, based on the existing predictions from Europe and the USA. Several key areas need to be addressed including renewable sources of fuel, buildings as power generators, hydrogen as a major energy vector, interconnection of dispersed generators/sinks and plug-in vehicles.
Improved solid phase epitaxial growth of lithium tantalate thin films on sapphire, using a two-step metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition process (1993)

Epitaxial lithium tantalate thin films were grown on sapphire substrates by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition using a two-step growth process. After an initial thin (≊30–100 Å thick) amorphous buffer layer of LiTaO3 was deposited and annealed to induce crystallization by solid phase epitaxy (SPE), a second, thicker amorphous lithium tantalate layer was deposited and also crystallized using SPE. The use of the buffer layers substantially improved the crystalline quality of the heteroepitaxial films, with the thickest buffer layer providing the best results. The films were characterized by ion channeling, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
Preclinical analysis of radiolabeled anti-GD2 immunoglobulin G (1997)

A radioisotope label on IgG and its visualization in a large series of animal models indicate that a low protein dose of anti-GD2 IgG will not cause neurologic side effects in patients. High protein dose anti-GD2 IgG may enhance antineoplastic effects and contribute to neurotoxicity through stimulation of normal lymphocytes with subsequent release of cytokines.