gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood lactate as a predictor for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted acutely to hospital: a systematic review (2011)

The literature reviewed supported blood lactate monitoring as being useful for risk assessment in patients admitted acutely to hospital, and especially the trend, achieved by serial lactate sampling, is valuable in predicting in-hospital mortality. All patients with a lactate at admission above 2.5 mM should be closely monitored for signs of deterioration, but patients with even lower lactate levels should be considered for serial lactate monitoring. The correlation between lactate levels in arterial and venous blood was found to be acceptable, and venous sampling should therefore be encouraged, as the risk and inconvenience for this procedure is minimal for the patient. The relevance of lactate guided therapy has to be supported by more studies.
Adenoviral-mediated Gene Transfer to Mouse Salivary Glands (2000)

Adenoviral vectors effectively transfer genes to rat salivary glands. However, potent immune responses limit their use in vivo. Mice offer more opportunities than rats for the study of these immune processes. We first established conditions for infection of mouse salivary glands, with an adenoviral vector. The effects of time, viral dose, viral diluent buffer volume, and dexamethasone on expression of a transgene, luciferase, were determined by means of the recombinant vector AdCMVluc. Optimal luciferase expression was observed when the vector was suspended in 50 microL of buffer. This volume completely filled the gland parenchyma and slightly distended the capsule. Dexamethasone increased immediate transgene expression and reduced the acute inflammation one day following viral administration, but did not alter subsequent mononuclear inflammation or transgene expression 14 or 28 days later. An adenoviral vector encoding either anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 or IL-10 was co-administered with AdCMVluc to increase transgene expression at 14 and 28 days. While this strategy did not extend the duration of luciferase expression, co-administration of AdCMVIL-10 with AdCMVluc almost completely eliminated the chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the glands after 28 days. This study demonstrates that adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to mouse submandibular glands is possible by intraductal cannulation and that reduction of either the acute or chronic inflammatory infiltrates was insufficient to increase long-term transgene expression in this tissue.
Intraepithelial Vagal Sensory Nerve Terminals in Rat Pulmonary Neuroepithelial Bodies Express P2X3 Receptors (2000)

The neurotransmitters/modulators involved in the interaction between pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) and the vagal sensory component of their innervation have not yet been elucidated. Because P2X(3) purinoreceptors are known to be strongly expressed in peripheral sensory neurons, the aim of the present study was to examine the localization of nerve endings expressing P2X(3) purinoreceptors in the rat lung in general and those contacting pulmonary NEBs in particular. Most striking were intraepithelial arborizations of P2X(3) purinoceptor-immunoreactive (IR) nerve terminals, which in all cases appeared to ramify between calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- or calbindin D28k (CB)-labeled NEB cells. However, not all NEBs received nerve endings expressing P2X(3) receptors. Using CGRP and CB staining as markers for two different sensory components of the innervation of NEBs, it was revealed that P2X(3) receptor and CB immunoreactivity were colocalized, whereas CGRP-IR fibers clearly formed a different population. The disappearance of characteristic P2X(3) receptor-positive nerve fibers in contact with NEBs after infranodosal vagal crush and colocalization of tracer and P2X(3) receptor immunoreactivity in vagal nodose neuronal cell bodies in retrograde tracing experiments further supports our hypothesis that the P2X(3) receptor-IR nerve fibers contacting NEBs have their origin in the vagal sensory nodose ganglia. Combination of quinacrine accumulation in NEBs, suggestive of the presence of high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in their secretory vesicles, and P2X(3) receptor staining showed that the branching intraepithelial P2X(3) receptor-IR nerve terminals in rat lungs were exclusively associated with quinacrine-stained NEBs. We conclude that ATP might act as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in the vagal sensory innervation of NEBs via a P2X(3) receptor-mediated pathway. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the P2X(3) receptor-expressing neurons, specifically innervating NEBs in the rat lung, belong to a population of P2X(3) receptor-IR nociceptive vagal nodose neurons.
Packaging aspects of the Jitney parallel optical interconnect (2002)

The Jitney parallel optical interconnect is a prototype 20-channel wide, low cost data link, designed for operation at speeds up to one Gbyte/s over distances approaching 100 meters. The package is based on (1) an inexpensive overmolded leadframe, (2) passive optical alignment, and (3) plastic molded parts. The packaging challenges in the fabrication of the components, their assembly, and in the achievement of the performance goals are described.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Nanocomposite of Ionic Liquid Modified Graphene Oxide – Chitosan and its Application for Flow Injection Detection of Anticancer Thiopurine Drugs (2018)

Abstract Electrochemical activity of carbositall electrodes (CSEs) covered with polymeric films of Chitosan (Chit) containing different types of graphene oxide (GO) dispersed in a room temperature ionic liquid (IL) was comparatively investigated by using cyclic voltammetry of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− as a model redox probe. It was recognized that the nanocomposite film with in situ electrochemically reduced GO (ERGO) provided an improved electrochemical activity, including increased peak current and electron‐transfer efficiency, compared to the initial GO nanosheets and chemically reduced GO (RGO). The novel electrochemical sensor ERGO‐IL‐Chit/CSE showed enhanced electrochemical response characteristics towards the antimetabolic thiopurines such as 6‐thioguanine, 6‐mercaptopurine and azathioprine which play a significant role in medicinal chemistry and cancer therapy. The diagnostic characteristics of the voltammetric signals for all investigated compounds in neutral aqueous media were established and the nature of the corresponding redox‐reactions was discussed. The developed sensor was incorporated into a flow injection amperometric system for the automatic dissolution testing of thiopurine anticancer drugs with a sampling rate of 60 h −1 .
Ballistic graphene nanoribbon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors: A full real-space quantum transport simulation (2007)

A real-space quantum transport simulator for graphene nanoribbon (GNR) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) has been developed and used to examine the ballistic performance of GNR MOSFETs. This study focuses on the impact of quantum effects on these devices and on the effect of different type of contacts. We found that two-dimensional (2D) semi-infinite graphene contacts produce metal-induced-gap states (MIGS) in the GNR channel. These states enhance quantum tunneling, particularly in short channel devices, they cause Fermi level pinning and degrade the device performance in both the ON-state and OFF-state. Devices with infinitely long contacts having the same width as the channel do not indicate MIGS. Even without MIGS quantum tunneling effects such as band-to-band tunneling still play an important role in the device characteristics and dominate the OFF-state current. This is accurately captured in our nonequilibrium Greens’ function quantum simulations. We show that both narrow (1.4 nm width) and wider (1.8 nm width) GNRs with 12.5 nm channel length have the potential to outperform ultrascaled Si devices in terms of drive current capabilities and electrostatic control. Although their subthreshold swings under forward bias are better than in Si transistors, tunneling currents are important and prevent the achievement of the theoretical limit of 60 mV/dec.
Predictive Typestate Checking of Multithreaded Java Programs (2008)

Writing correct multithreaded programs is difficult. Existing tools for finding bugs in multithreaded programs primarily focus on finding generic concurrency problems such as data races, atomicity violations, and deadlocks. However, these generic bugs may sometimes be benign and may not help to catch other functional errors in multithreaded programs. In this paper, we focus on a high-level programming error, called typestate error, which happens when a program does not follow the correct usage protocol of an object. We present a novel technique that finds typestate errors in multithreaded programs by looking at a successful execution. An appealing aspect of our technique is that it not only finds typestate errors that occur during a program execution, but also many other typestate errors that could have occurred in a different execution. We have implemented this technique in a prototype tool for Java and have experimented it with a number of real-world Java programs.
Preparation of collagen-based materials for wound dressing. (2003)

Collagen could be used as wound dressing.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐1 activates a pertussis toxin‐sensitive signaling pathway that stimulates the release of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (2002)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of structurally related metalloendopeptidases so named due to their propensity to target extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that these proteases cleave numerous non-ECM substrates including enzymes and cell surface receptors. MMPs may also bind to cell surface receptors, though such binding has typically been thought to mediate internalization and degradation of the bound protease. More recently, it has been shown that MMP-1 coimmunoprecipitates with the alpha2beta1 integrin, a receptor for collagen. This association may serve to localize the enzymatic activity of MMP-1 so that collagen is cleaved and cell migration is facilitated. In other studies, however, it has been shown that integrin engagement may be linked to the activation of signaling cascades including those mediated by Gialpha containing heterotrimers. As an example, alpha2beta1 can form a complex with CD47 that may associate with Gialpha. In the present study we have therefore investigated the possibility that MMP-1 may affect intracellular changes that are linked to the activation of a Gi protein-coupled receptor. We show that treatment of neural cells with MMP-1 is followed by a rapid reduction in cytosolic levels of cAMP. Moreover, MMP-1 potentiates proteinase activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) agonist-linked increases in intracellular calcium, an effect which is often observed when an agonist of a Gi protein-coupled receptor is administered in association with an agonist of a Gq coupled receptor. In addition, MMP-1 stimulates pertussis toxin sensitive release ofMMP-9 both from cultured neural cells and monocyte/macrophages. Together, these results suggest that MMP-1 signals through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor.
Dehydrogenation of Hydrouracil<sup>1</sup> (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDehydrogenation of Hydrouracil1Treat B. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 1, 263–264Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01846a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01846a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Tangible Medical Image Processing Assistant with Haptic Modality (2012)

Recently, the progresses of human-computer interface technology implemented on tablet PCs (personal computers) enables medical workers to utilize them for communications between patients and doctors at the time of condition analysis and diagnosis. Because general patients cannot understand medical images alone, the technology assists them to intuitively understand the images and easily communicate with doctors. We propose a tangible medical image processing assistant with haptic modality. Our main goal is to construct a method allowing users to easily interacting and exploring medical images with haptic modality. Diagnostic imaging with a series of CT scan images is very important way for doctors to detect problems. Because the doctors need to view a huge number of high resolution images in a day, excessive burdens on their vision become a very serious problem. We propose a new method of assisting the diagnostic imaging with integrated visual and haptic channels. The proposed method extracts some visual features observed in the images and transforms to haptic parameters. Then, the system visually and haptically notifies the doctors for possible existence of suspicious findings in the images. It calls their attention to focus on the specific images to narrow the differential diagnosis of the images.
Electrostatic Separation of Carbon Dioxide by Ionization in Bifurcation Flow (2004)

Carbon dioxide is one of the major green house gases as well as impurities in process gases used for various manufacturing industries. In the present work, our recently developed ionization separator (Ito et al., Ind. & Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 5617-5621, 2003) was applied to the separation of carbon dioxide from inert gases. As a result, it was found that carbon dioxide can be separated mostly in the form of anion although some fraction of carbon dioxide decomposes by the soft X-ray irradiation. The maximum efficiency of electrostatic separation of carbon dioxide was 14% when helium stream contains 2.4 ppm of carbon dioxide at the applied voltage of 600V and the separation efficiency was decreased with increase in the inlet concentration. The dependency of separation efficiency on the applied voltage was qualitatively explained by the separation model that accounted for the electrical migration, the generation and the neutralization of anions and cations formed from carbon dioxide.
A Summary of Preclinical Topical Microbicide Vaginal Safety and Chlamydial Efficacy Evaluations in a Pigtailed Macaque Model (2008)

The macaque preclinical safety and efficacy model is critical to maintaining the pace of topical microbicide development, which could ultimately offer a significant opportunity for intervention in the global HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Crushing or Splitting Medications: Unrecognized Hazards (2012)

Given the high use and the cost of medications in the current economy, one way older adults may save money on prescription costs is to split some of their medications in half. However, not all oral medications can be split. Splitting inappropriate medications such as extended-release tablets can be harmful and in some instances very dangerous. In addition to splitting medications, older adults who have difficulty swallowing pills may resort to crushing the medication for ease of administration. This option is also problematic and potentially harmful if the medication is not intended to be crushed. Clinicians managing the care of older adults need to discuss medication administration, clarify the dosing schedule, and clearly indicate the route of administration. Patients should be cautioned not to split or crush a medication without checking with the health care provider or pharmacist.
Synthesis and properties of a potential extracellular fluorescent probe for potassium (1994)

Development of a new, selective, high affinity, fluorescent probe CD222, 2, for potassium is described. Coincidentally two related probes, CDF18, 3, and CTF18, 4, were prepared and showed selectivity for the cations sodium and calcium, respectively, and possible reasons for these differences are discussed. The bicyclic probe CD222, 2, with observed KD values for K+ ranging from 1 to 10 mmol dm–3, has potential applications as an extracellular probe for potassium.
Filter-embedded design and its applications to passive components (1989)

A design in which a filter is embedded in a fiber fixed on a substrate is proposed. It was successfully applied to the fabrication of low loss fiber optic components for a single-mode fiber transmission system. These components have a wide operational temperature range. The design is easily adapted to a multifilter or multifiber component. Filter embedding is achieved in two ways. One is to insert a thin filter chip in a slit which is machined into a fiber fixed on a substrate by a dicing saw (filter inserted type). The other is to evaporate a filter film directly on a fiber end face and butt this fiber to another fiber on a guide groove on a substrate (filter evaporated type).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nicotine stimulation of extracellular glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens: Neuropharmacological characterization (2000)

In the present study, we have characterized the neuropharmacological regulation of nicotine-induced increases in extracellular nucleus accumbens glutamate levels. Sprague-Dawley rats were stereotaxically implanted with 2 mm microdialysis probes in the nucleus accumbens and on the following day in vivo microdialysis experiments were performed in awake, freely moving animals. An acute dose of nicotine (0.3-0.6 mg/kg, s.c.) produced an increase in nucleus accumbens glutamate levels with a maximal increase of approximately 50% following the higher dose. No changes in nucleus accumbens aspartate levels were found. The increase in glutamate levels following nicotine (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) was blocked by mecamylamine (1 mg/kg, i.p. ) but not by haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreatment. Local perfusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without calcium did not alter nicotine (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) stimulation of glutamate levels. Local perfusion with a selective blocker for the GLT-1 glutamate transporter, dihydrokainic acid (DHKA) (10(-4) M), had no effect, while local perfusion with a nonselective glutamate transporter blocker, L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) (10(-4) M), blocked nicotine (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) stimulation of glutamate levels. In animals previously dopamine denervated by local injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the nucleus accumbens, nicotine (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) stimulation of glutamate levels was enhanced vs. sham-lesioned animals. These findings demonstrate a novel form of nucleus accumbens glutamate release that is dopamine- and calcium-independent. The ability of PDC to block the effects of nicotine suggest that a glutamate transporter may be involved in mediating the stimulation of glutamate release.
Self-Administration of Drugs C Bird Self-Administration of Drugs J Hassall Scutari Press 136pp €14.99 1-871364-82-5 (1993)

Self-Administration of Drugs is a useful book for anyone wishing to put patient selfadministration of drugs into practice.
Enhancement of hyperthermic toxicity by lonidarnine in the dunning R3327G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma (1994)

Hyperthermia alone or with radiation is used therapeutically for localized solid tumors. Clinical experience shows that sustained tumor temperature exceeding 45 degrees C damages normal tissue. Any agent that enhances the effects of hyperthermia at or below this temperature may have clinical relevance. Lonidamine and hyperthermia were tested on the Dunning R3327G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. Using colony-formation assays, cytotoxic effects of each agent alone and in combination were quantified. Lonidamine to 100 micrograms/ml was not significantly toxic, but in combination, it enhanced cytotoxicity. Survival patterns after fractionated hyperthermia revealed a rapid development and decay of thermotolerance. Measurement of cell-cycle progression following a single dose of hyperthermia revealed a reduction of S-phase cells, and subsequent accumulation in G1 over 24 hours. Combination treatment of tumor-bearing rats significantly reduced tumor growth rate when compared with individual agents. These results suggest a potential use of lonidamine in hyperthermic therapy of prostate tumors.
Los procesos creativos. El caso de un centro de diseño Web (2015)

El artículo surge de un estudio etnográfico realizado durante nueve meses en un centro de programadores y diseñadores web. El objetivo es conocer los mecanismos y situaciones que se generan dentro del proceso creativo en un equipo de trabajo considerado como creativo. La hipótesis es que existen ciertos entornos de trabajo, que estimulan conexiones y modos de trabajar por medio de la creatividad (aplicando maneras de trabajar originales, imaginativas, resolutivas, etc). La investigación concluye que existe un equilibrio híbrido entre la vida profesional y el lugar de trabajo, lo cual es decisivo para la localización de los trabajadores creativos
Mass spectrometry in high throughput analysis (2003)

Elizabeth Want a,b, Michael Greig c, Bruce Compton d, Ben Bolanos c and Gary Siuzdak a,b,∗ a The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA b Mass Consortium Corporation, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, San Diego, CA 92109, USA c Pfizer Global Research and Development – La Jolla Laboratories, Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA d Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757, USA
Introduction (1998)

The term “mycoplasmas” is used to describe members of the genus Mycoplasma and, more generally, of the class Mollicutes. The study of mollicutes is frequently referred to as “mycoplasmology,” and those who work with mollicutes as “mycoplasmologists.” This has presumably arisen because work with mollicutes is generally carried out in specialist laboratories and by personnel whose scientific interests are predominantly or exclusively associated with these organisms. There are many regional organizations as well as a long-standing international organization for mycoplasmology. Such distinction is not normally afforded to the study of specific bacterial groups. However, the common bond that draws together those working on diverse aspects of mollicutes and their biology is the technical difficulty of work with the organisms.