gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of the knockout switch with input buffers (1994)

Since the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) has been strongly promoted as the transport structure for broadband integrated services digital networks, a variety of ATM switching architectures have been proposed. The knockout switch, which is one of the well known ATM switches, has a single-stage architecture and adopts an output buffering method. It has excellent traffic performance (cell loss probability, maximum throughput and delay, etc.), but needs many switch elements and buffers. The authors propose an ATM switch, called a knockout switch with input buffers. The proposed switch has almost the same traffic performance as the existing knockout switch but needs fewer switch elements and buffers than the existing knockout switch. The authors analyse the traffic performance and complexity (i.e. the number of switch elements and buffers required) of the proposed architecture by discrete-time Markov chain models and compare them with those of the existing knockout switch. It is found that the proposed architecture could reduce the need for over 40% of the switch elements and over 30% of the buffers while satisfying the given loss requirements.
The mobile revolution: the making of mobile services worldwide (2006)

As more and more people use mobile handsets, a revolution is taking place in computing and telecommunications. Two extraordinary industries the Internet and mobile communications are converging. But this is just the beginning. As the third industry - consumer electronics - and the fourth - media and entertainment - join in, changes in consumer markets are inevitable, as evidenced by the explosive growth of mobile media, games and entertainment. In The Mobile Revolution, the senior executives of the world's leading mobile vendors, operators, service providers, software giants, chip kings, media and entertainment conglomerates, publishers, music moguls and brand marketers reveal their secrets and strategies. Nokia, Motorola, Ericsson, Qualcomm, Vodafone, NTT DoCoMo, SK Telecom, Verizon Wireless, Microsoft, Intel, IBM, RealNetworks, Yahoo, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, EMI, BMI, BMG, IFPI, CNN, ABC, Disney, Fox, Sony, Warner Music and Universal are just a few of the names that feature. As a result, the book abounds with inside stories of great industry successes (and equally great flops!) as the narrative shifts constantly between the major cities of several continents - from Helsinki and Stockholm, London and Frankfurt, Tokyo and Seoul, Beijing and Singapore, New York City and Los Angeles, to Bangalore and Moscow. The Mobile Revolution is about the making of mobile markets and services worldwide, with a firm emphasis on innovation. It is not just another account of technology innovation; rather it examines the rise of mobile services in the context of maturing and emerging mobile markets.
Microbial biofilms associated with biliary stent clogging (2010)

Endoscopic stenting is a palliative approach for the treatment of diseases involving biliary obstruction. Its major limitation is represented by stent occlusion, followed by life-threatening cholangitis, often requiring stent removal and replacement. Although it has been suggested that microbial colonization of biliary stents could play a role in the clogging process, the so far available data, particularly on the role of anaerobic bacteria, are not enough for a comprehensive description of this phenomenon. Our study was focused on the analysis of 28 explanted biliary stents by culturing, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and scanning electron microscopy to identify all the aerobic/anaerobic bacteria and fungi involved in the colonization of devices and to verify the ability of isolated anaerobic bacterial strains to form a biofilm in order to better understand the mechanisms of stent clogging.
Unified process aware system for circuit layout verification (2007)

One of the challenges in establishing quantitative manufacturability metrics has been establishing a single design quality metric able to describe how a given region in the layout would perform under a specific manufacturing process. Historically, critical area analysis has been sufficient to evaluate the possible yield of a design, but as the relative importance of systematic mechanisms increases, this purely statistical approach needs to be enhanced by incorporating additional process information. In this paper we describe a consolidated metric and the system that can analyze multiple process conditions and different configurations to arrive to an optimal solution. This solution is based on a cost function which depends on the characteristics of the manufacturing process. A general form of the cost function and the parameters defining individual process impacts are discussed and, to demonstrate the system, different layout configurations are analyzed taking into account lithography process variations, random defect distributions, and recommended design rules. Since all layout configurations represent the same electrical devices, it is possible to dynamically determine the most robust layout implementation according to the cost function that incorporates the current relative importance of each yield loss contributor.
AN AUTOMATED EXECUTIVE AND MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE MONITORING, MEASUREMENT AND REPORTING SYSTEM: (2001)

This paper puts forward the concept for a new, automated, “management by exception ” script-based network tool to monitor, address, and report deviations from corporate plan(s) in near real time via the company&apos;s messaging system. In particular, this paper conceptualizes the utilization and application of tools, initially developed for network monitoring and management, in managing and measuring corporate business performance against plan(s). That is, network-type tools (IVAANs™) are used to measure, monitor and report deviations in Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) from plan(s), and accomplish this in a timely, accurate, and automatic manner, without human intervention or filtering. Senior executives need a sound analytical basis derived from accurate, valid, and timely information for short-and long-term planning and for allocating scarce resources. IVAAN ™ notices are directed and delivered to the responsible manager and other parties concerned with the respective KPI via push agents over the company’s messaging system. Further, IVAAN ™ notices may be accumulated and utilized as an objective measure of managerial and executive performance. 1. Brief Introduction and History of Measurement and Reporting Systems Since the beginning of commerce, owners and managers have been concerned with measuring performance in
Symptoms Arising from Double-J Ureteral Stents (1988)

We investigated whether use of the Double-J ureteral stent causes untoward symptoms and complications. Of 20 patients evaluated by questionnaire 18 suffered 1 or more symptoms in the upper (for example loin pain) or lower (for example dysuria and frequency) urinary tract in the absence of infection. Despite the undoubted benefit in many patients, troublesome symptoms are common. We recommend early removal of the stents but we cannot implicate any correctable technical factors.
Mechanistic Study of Subatmospheric Pressure, Subcooled, Flow Boiling of Water on Structured-Porous Surfaces (2012)

Subcooled flow boiling experiments with water at 0.2-atm pressure assess the utility of fine filament screen laminate enhanced surfaces as high-performance boiling surfaces. Experiments are conducted on vertically oriented, multilayer copper laminates in distilled water. The channel Reynolds number is varied from 2000 to 20,000, and subcooling ranges from 2 to 35 K. Boiling performance is documented for ten different porous surfaces having pore hydraulic diameters ranging from 39 μm to 105 μm, and surface area enhancement ratios ranging from 5 to 37. Heat flux of up to 446 W/cm2 is achieved at 35 K subcooling at a channel Reynolds number of 6000, which represents a 3.5-fold increase in critical heat flux (CHF) over that of the saturated pool boiling on the same surface. Results show that CHF is strongly correlated with subcooling, and the effect of subcooling is more pronounced as the channel Reynolds number is increased. It is found that CHF enhancement due to subcooling and channel Reynolds number is intrinsically linked to the surface area enhancement ratio, which has an optimum that depends on the degree of subcooling. High-speed video imagery (up to 8100 fps) and long-range microscopy are used to document bubble dynamics. Boiling mechanisms inherent to subcooling, enhanced surface geometry, and CHF are discussed.
Overexpressed Activated Retinoid X Receptors Can Mediate Growth Inhibitory Effects of Retinoids in Human Carcinoma Cells (1998)

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) mediate the effects of retinoids on gene expression by binding to response elements in retinoid-sensitive genes. RAR- but not RXR-selective retinoids were found in many previous studies to suppress the growth of various cells, implicating RXR-RAR in these effects. Using a co-expression vector for identifying cells that expressed retinoid receptors transiently and 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation for labeling DNA-synthesizing cells, we found that RXR-selective retinoids inhibited DNA synthesis in squamous carcinoma 1483 cells transfected with RXRalpha but not with RARs. Ligand-induced transcription of the reporter luciferase gene via the activation of RXR-RXR but not RXR-RAR correlated with growth suppression. Studies with RXRalpha deletion mutants indicated that the DNA binding and the ligand binding domains are essential for mediating growth inhibition. A point mutation in the ligand binding domain (L430F) that decreased RXRalpha homodimerization compromised its growth inhibitory function. Further, RXRalpha mutant (F313A), which functions as a constitutively active receptor, inhibited DNA synthesis in the absence of ligand. These results demonstrate that RXR homodimer activation leads to growth inhibition and suggest that transfection of RXRalpha and treatment with RXR-selective retinoids or the transfection of constitutively activated RXRalpha mutant alone may have a therapeutic potential.
Variable bit rate MBELP speech coding via V/UV distribution dependent spectral quantization (2002)

A variable bit rate multiband excited linear predictive speech coder is proposed in this paper. Speech signals are compressed at different bit rates ranging from 0.88 kbps to 2.6 kbps according to the mode of operation and the optimum V/UV transition frequency. An average bit rate of 1.24 kbps is achieved. The proposed speech coder improves the speech quality by splitting the non-stationary speech segments for analysis. The V/UV distribution of a short-time speech spectrum is represented efficiently by using a closed-loop minimised V/UV transition frequency. Depending on the V/UV transition frequency, the spectrum envelope is quantized at variable bit rates through embedded differential predictive scalar and vector quantizations of the LSP parameters. The proposed spectral quantization scheme results in a spectral distortion comparable to a fixed 24-bit 2-dimensional differential scalar quantization scheme.
Femtosecond shaping of transverse and longitudinal light polarization (2004)

Femtosecond laser pulse shaping techniques have been restricted to propagating transverse electromagnetic waves. We present a scheme for pulse shaping of optical near fields based on the excitation of longitudinal electromagnetic fields with polarization-shaped light pulses. By solving Maxwell's equations for a model nanostructure, i.e., a scanning tunneling microscope tip, with help from the boundary-element method, we demonstrate that the electric field vector oscillates in a complex yet controllable fashion in three dimensions. Many applications are envisioned because literally another dimension in the optimal control of light-matter interaction is accessible.
Schedulability analysis of periodic fixed priority systems (2004)

Feasibility analysis of fixed priority systems has been widely studied in the real-time literature and several acceptance tests have been proposed to guarantee a set of periodic tasks. They can be divided in two main classes: polynomial time tests and exact tests. Polynomial time tests can efficiently be used for online guarantee of real-time applications, where tasks are activated at runtime. These tests introduce a negligible overhead, when executed upon a new task arrival, however provide only a sufficient schedulability condition, which may cause a poor processor utilization. On the other hand, exact tests, which are based on response time analysis, provide a necessary and sufficient schedulability condition, but are too complex to be executed on line for large task sets. As a consequence, for large task sets, they are often executed off line. This paper proposes a novel approach for analyzing the schedulability of periodic task sets on a single processor under an arbitrary fixed priority assignment: Using this approach, we derive a new schedulability test which can be tuned through a parameter to balance complexity versus acceptance ratio, so that it can be used on line to better exploit the processor, based on the available computational power. Extensive simulations show that our test, when used in its exact form, is significantly faster than the current response time analysis methods. Moreover the proposed approach, for its elegance and compactness, offers an explanation of some known phenomena of fixed priority scheduling and could be helpful for further work on schedulability analysis.
Rate of liquid-phase adsorption on activated carbon in the stirred tank. (1982)

A method is developed to determine the dependence of surface diffusion coefficient on the amount adsorbed, derived for Freundlich adsorption isotherm, from adsorption rates in a finite bath. The adsorption rates on activated carbon of p-nitrophenol, benzoic acid and p-chIorophenol from dilute aqueous solutions are measured, where Freundlich adsorption isotherms are applicable, and the relations between surface diffusion coefficient and the amount adsorbed are determined for three adsorbates by this method. It is proved that the external mass transfer resistance in the stirred tank has a large influence on adsorption rate as well as intraparticle mass transfer resistance in finite bath adsorption. It is also clear from these relations that the ratio of activation energy for surface diffusion to adsorption energy is nearly equal to 0.5. The time-concentration curves predicted by this method coincide well with experimental data.
Thermal decomposition of tungsten hexacarbonyl: CVD of W‐containing films under Pd codeposition and VUV assistance (2015)

Abstract Experiments on chemical vapor deposition of W(CO) 6 ‐derived films on silicon substrates were carried out at total pressure of 5‐10 Torr within the temperature range of 250‐350 °C; in Ar or H 2 flow. Metallic, carbide and oxide phases composed the obtained films. Deposition in presence of hydrogen results in the increase of the metal content in the film. Sublimed palladium hexafluoracetylacetonate Pd(hfa) 2 was used for Pd catalytic promotion of the deposition process. Codeposition with Pd(hfa) 2 in hydrogen increases W‐metal fraction and oxygen content while the Pd content is up to 10 at.%. Influence of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation from Xe excimer lamp ( λ ∼172 nm) on the quality of the obtained films was investigated. It was found that VUV irradiation can reduce the oxygen‐content in the film while W‐metal fraction slightly increases. In all films, oxygen was in the form of WO 3 and carbon was mainly incorporated as a graphite metastable phase. The influence of other chemical additives is discussed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Local Area Network in Meteorology (1983)

A local area network (NET-ONE) has been configured as the active component of an integrated peripheral subsystem which provides distributed services from a central computer site. The network is connected with two large FACOM host mainframe computers, and provides 'virtual circuit' and 'datagram' services for host to user terminal interaction, sharing of printing devices and interchange of graphic data between workstations, hosts and an image processing system. A feature of the application is its emphasis on flexible interconnection of a wide range of 'OEM' peripheral devices and its use as a primary means of transporting high density weather satellite image data independent of the mainframes.
Improving Pediatric Asthma Outcomes Using Self-Management Skills (2000)

To improve pediatric asthma care in practices with limited time and staff, patients and families should be taught self-management skills to avoid crisis asthma care. A trained asthma team in a private practice setting can educate families of children with asthma. Specialized forms help the team assess a family's initial asthma knowledge, track their learning progress, and guide the staff and family during their self-management skill-development discussions. Team members ensure that the family leaves each visit with the appropriate information and skills, leading the family toward a more stable and predictable lifestyle.
Good trellises for IC implementation of Viterbi decoders for linear block codes (1997)

This paper investigates trellis structures of linear block codes for the integrated circuit (IC) implementation of Viterbi decoders capable of achieving high decoding speed while satisfying a constraint on the structural complexity of the trellis in terms of the maximum number of states at any particular depth. Only uniform sectionalizations of the code trellis diagram are considered. An upper-bound on the number of parallel and structurally identical (or isomorphic) subtrellises in a proper trellis for a code without exceeding the maximum state complexity of the minimal trellis of the code is first derived. Parallel structures of trellises with various section lengths for binary BCH and Reed-Muller (RM) codes of lengths 32 and 64 are analyzed. Next, the complexity of the IC implementation of a Viterbi decoder based on an L-section trellis diagram for a code is investigated. A structural property of a Viterbi decoder called add-compare-select (ACS)-connectivity which is related to state connectivity is introduced. This parameter affects the complexity of wire-routing (interconnections within the IC). The effect of five parameters namely: (1) effective computational complexity; (2) complexity of the ACS-circuit; (3) traceback complexity; (4) ACS-connectivity; and (5) branch complexity of a trellis diagram on the very large scale integration (VLSI) complexity of a Viterbi decoder is investigated. It is shown that an IC implementation of a Viterbi decoder based on a nonminimal trellis requires less area and is capable of operation at higher speed than one based on the minimal trellis when the commonly used ACS-array architecture is considered.
Linkage mapping and nucleotide polymorphisms of the 6-SFT gene of cool-season grasses (2000)

Fructan plays an important role as an alternate carbohydrate and may contribute to drought and cold-stress tolerances in various plant species. The gene coding for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT; EC 2.4.1.10), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation and extension of beta-2,6-linked fructans (levans), is important to fructan synthesis in many cool-season grasses, including cereal species. In this study, we compared a conserved sequence from the 6-SFT gene in barley with comparable sequences in 20 other cool-season grasses. We detected several DNA length polymorphisms, including variations in one simple-sequence repeat (SSR) in a 6-SFT intron of the barley cultivars Steptoe and Morex. Using the 'Steptoe' x 'Morex' doubled-haploid mapping population, the 6-SFT gene was genetically mapped to the distal region in the short arm of barley chromosome 1 (7H), where it is closely linked with trait locus Rpg1. Primers designed from other conserved regions of the barley 6-SFT gene successfully amplified 351- or 354-bp sequences of this gene from diverse cool season grass species. Sequence identities of the PCR products were greater than 80% among the 21 species. Phylogeny, as determined using these DNA sequences, is similar to that obtained from rDNA ITS sequences, and congruent with our current knowledge of genome relationships.
A new type of catalytic effect in the oxidation of carbon (1955)

Abstract The effect of pre-treatment by acids on the oxidation of Charcoal has been investigated. Carbon monoxide produced in the oxidation has been shown to be entirely a primary product up to 600° C. The extent of the secondary oxidation has been estimated by carrying out combustions in the presence of radioactive carbon monoxide, and shown to be small at all temperatures up to 550° C. The acid pre-treatment produces a charcoal of considerably reduced activity. On combustion such a charcoal yields a higher ratio of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide than one not so treated. The results obtained have been explained in terms of an electronic theory of catalysis where electromeric effects produced by impurities in the carbon are thought to be transmitted through the graphite lattice.
Deep learning restoration of signals with additive and convolution noise (2021)

Localization, tracking, and classification requires precise recovery of the target signal amidst a sea of environmental noise and reflections from terrain and buildings. In this work, we use machine learning (ML), specifically generative-adversarial networks (GANs), to remove a range of synthetic additive noise and convolutional reverberations from a well-defined subset of sounds, namely English speech. Unlike simple denoising autoencoders, GANs attempt to generate realistic solutions, suppressing the production of unresolved (i.e., blurry) mixed inferences. We demonstrate that our models can dynamically resolve varying amounts of noise and convolution, which will be important in the field, where the amount and type of signal degradation will generally be unknown. While we focus only on speech here, ML-based deconvolution can also be applied to the restoration of images, radar, radio, and acoustic and seismic sensing distorted by weather, interference, and reflections.
Low-Temperature Nanoparticle-Directed Solid-State Synthesis of Ternary and Quaternary Transition Metal Oxides (2005)

Ternary and quaternary transition metal oxides, which offer a wide variety of important physical properties, are traditionally synthesized using high-temperature reactions that often require several days of heating. A new nanoparticle-directed approach for the rapid low-temperature synthesis of nanocrystalline bulk-scale ternary and quaternary transition metal oxides has been developed. Readily available metal oxide nanoparticles can serve as a robust toolkit of highly reactive reagents, which can be mixed in solution in known ratios to form nanomodulated precursors and rapidly transformed, at relatively low temperatures, into more complex oxides. This approach is initially demonstrated for pyrochlore-type Y2Ti2O7 and Eu2Ti2O7 using XRD, DSC, and TEM to monitor the reaction. A nanocomposite of Y2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles transforms into nanocrystalline Y2Ti2O7 within 2 h of heating to 700 °C, and Eu2Ti2O7 forms within 2 h of heating a nanocomposite of Eu2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles to 800 °C. NiTiO3, CoTiO3, Bi2CuO4, and Bi5FeTi3O15 can also be synthesized.