gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond laser structuring of graphite anodes for improved lithium-ion batteries: Ablation characteristics and process design (2018)

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used as energy storage devices due to their high energy density and versatile applicability. Key components of lithium-ion batteries are electrically isolated electrodes and a liquid electrolyte solution which enables ion transport between the electrodes. Laser structuring of electrodes is a promising approach to enhance the high-current capability of lithium-ion batteries by reducing cell internal resistances, as a larger contact area of the active material with the electrolyte solution is created. In the work described here, lithium-ion battery anodes were structured by locally ablating small fractions of the coating using femtosecond laser pulses with infrared wavelengths. A study on ablation characteristics depending on different process parameters such as laser fluence and repetition rate was performed. Special focus was on the ablation efficiency, enabling an optimized process design. The influence of the electrode composition was taken into account by studying the ablation behavior at a varying binder content. Evenly distributed micro holes were chosen in order to keep active material removal at a minimum. To evaluate the effect of structured graphite anodes on the electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries, test cells were manufactured and galvanostatically cycled at different current rates. Results show improvements in high-current performance which is expressed by an increased discharge capacity yield.
Existence of a common quadratic Lyapunov function for discrete switched linear systems with <i>m</i> stable subsystems (2011)

The problem on the existence of a common quadratic Lyapunov function (CQLF) for discrete switched linear systems with m stable subsystems is considered. System matrices are Schur stable. A necessary condition for the existence of a CQLF and a sufficient condition for the non-existence of a CQLF are derived, respectively. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the results.
Wide-bandwidth 13-blt Barker code LiNbO3 modulator with low drive voltage (1988)

In conventional traveling wave Integrated-optic modulators, a trade-off exists between drive voltage and modulation bandwidth due to the velocity mismatch between the modulating microwave signal and the guided optical wave. This trade-off is normally controlled by the device length, whereby the extended bandwidth can only be achieved by shortening the device at the expense of increased drive voltage. Devices at 1.3 μm have been reported both in GaAs1 and UNbO3,2 which achieve bandwidths In excess of 20 GHz but require drive voltages In excess of 25 V due to their short length.
Further evidence that culture media affect perinatal outcome: findings after transfer of fresh and cryopreserved embryos (2012)

Our findings support our hypothesis that culture medium influences perinatal outcome of IVF singletons and twins. A similar trend is seen in case of singletons born after FET. GA was not affected by culture medium. These results indicate that in vitro culture might be an important factor explaining the poorer perinatal outcome after assisted reproduction technology (ART). Further research is needed to confirm this culture medium-induced effect in humans and to provide more insight into whether it is caused by epigenetic disturbance of imprinted genes in fetal or placental tissues. Moreover, embryo culture media and their effects need to be investigated thoroughly to select the best embryo culture medium in order to minimize or prevent short-term risks and maybe even long-term disease susceptibility.
Synthesis and trehalase-inhibitory activity of an imino-linked dicarba-α,α-trehalose and analogues thereof (1993)

Dicarba-α,α-trehalose 2a, bis-(5a-carba-α-D-glucopyranosyl)amine, was prepared by the coupling of di-O-isopropylidene-α-validamine 5 and protected carba-sugar epoxide 7, followed by removal of the 2′-hydroxy group and conventional deprotection. Likewise, imino-linked dicarba-α,α-trehalose analogues 3a and 4a, composed of valienamine and valiolamine moieties, were synthesized by reaction of protected valienamine 6 and valiolamine 24 with the epoxides 7 and 29, respectively. Compounds 2a, 3a, and 4a were shown to possess strong inhibitory activity against trehalase, being compatible with validoxylamine A 1.
Paleoenvironmental data for N.W. Georgia, U.S.A., from fossils in cave speleothems (1987)

Pollen grains and gastropod shells in two speleothems from Red Spider Cave, Georgia indicate that ca. 10,000 yr B.P. the vegetation near the cave was Mixed Mesophytic Forest. Conditions were cooler and moister than today and a shallow pond existed in the doline above the cave. As these findings support palynologic evidence from nearby pond sites it is clear that cave speleothems are a potential source of paleoecological data to ca. 350,000 yr. B.P.
Using iterated function systems to model discrete sequences (1992)

Two iterated function system (IFS) models are explored for the representation of single-valued discrete-time sequences: the self-affine fractal model and the piecewise self-affine fractal model. Algorithms are presented, one of which is suitable for a multiprocessor implementation, for identification of the parameters of each model. Applications of these models to a variety of data types are given where signal-to-noise ratios are presented, quantization effects of the model parameters are investigated, and compression ratios are computed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Clinical Panel: Leveraging Psychological Expertise During NLP Research (2016)

Glen Coppersmith, Kristy Hollingshead, H. Andrew Schwartz, Molly Ireland, Rebecca Resnik, Kate Loveys, April Foreman, Loring Ingraham. Proceedings of the First Workshop on NLP and Computational Social Science. 2016.
(1<i>S</i>)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-<scp>d</scp>-glucitol (TS-071) is a Potent, Selective Sodium-Dependent Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment (2010)

Derivatives of a novel scaffold, C-phenyl 1-thio-D-glucitol, were prepared and evaluated for sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 and SGLT1 inhibition activities. Optimization of substituents on the aromatic rings afforded five compounds with potent and selective SGLT2 inhibition activities. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro human metabolic stability, human serum protein binding (SPB), and Caco-2 permeability. Of them, (1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol (3p) exhibited potent SGLT2 inhibition activity (IC(50) = 2.26 nM), with 1650-fold selectivity over SGLT1. Compound 3p showed good metabolic stability toward cryo-preserved human hepatic clearance, lower SPB, and moderate Caco-2 permeability. Since 3p should have acceptable human pharmacokinetics (PK) properties, it could be a clinical candidate for treating type 2 diabetes. We observed that compound 3p exhibits a blood glucose lowering effect, excellent urinary glucose excretion properties, and promising PK profiles in animals. Phase II clinical trials of 3p (TS-071) are currently ongoing.
Theoretical capacity achieved in a LiMn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>0.4</sub>Mg<sub>0.1</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> cathode by using topological disorder (2015)

Theoretical capacity and improved rate capability achieved in LiMn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>0.4</sub>Mg<sub>0.1</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> by defect engineering to enable channel-to-channel Li migration.
Catalytic Oxidation of Biorefinery Lignin to Value‐added Chemicals to Support Sustainable Biofuel Production (2014)

Transforming plant biomass to biofuel is one of the few solutions that can truly sustain mankind's long-term needs for liquid transportation fuel with minimized environmental impact. However, despite decades of effort, commercial development of biomass-to-biofuel conversion processes is still not an economically viable proposition. Identifying value-added co-products along with the production of biofuel provides a key solution to overcoming this economic barrier. Lignin is the second most abundant component next to cellulose in almost all plant biomass; the emerging biomass refinery industry will inevitably generate an enormous amount of lignin. Development of selective biorefinery lignin-to-bioproducts conversion processes will play a pivotal role in significantly improving the economic feasibility and sustainability of biofuel production from renewable biomass. The urgency and importance of this endeavor has been increasingly recognized in the last few years. This paper reviews state-of-the-art oxidative lignin depolymerization chemistries employed in the papermaking process and oxidative catalysts that can be applied to biorefinery lignin to produce platform chemicals including phenolic compounds, dicarboxylic acids, and quinones in high selectivity and yield. The potential synergies of integrating new catalysts with commercial delignification chemistries are discussed. We hope the information will build on the existing body of knowledge to provide new insights towards developing practical and commercially viable lignin conversion technologies, enabling sustainable biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass to be competitive with fossil fuel.
An Empirical Investigation of Catastrophic Forgetting in Gradient-Based Neural Networks (2013)

Catastrophic forgetting is a problem faced by many machine learning models and algorithms. When trained on one task, then trained on a second task, many machine learning models "forget" how to perform the first task. This is widely believed to be a serious problem for neural networks. Here, we investigate the extent to which the catastrophic forgetting problem occurs for modern neural networks, comparing both established and recent gradient-based training algorithms and activation functions. We also examine the effect of the relationship between the first task and the second task on catastrophic forgetting. We find that it is always best to train using the dropout algorithm--the dropout algorithm is consistently best at adapting to the new task, remembering the old task, and has the best tradeoff curve between these two extremes. We find that different tasks and relationships between tasks result in very different rankings of activation function performance. This suggests the choice of activation function should always be cross-validated.
Comparison of IDRS, ADA and FINDRISC Diabetes Risk Assessment Tools: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital (2020)

Official Journal of the Endocrine Society of Sri Lanka. The Sri Lanka Journal of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism (SJDEM) publishes original research articles, reviews, and other special features related to diabetes, endocrinology and metabolism in humans and human tissue.
Borehole-Stability Model To Couple the Mechanics and Chemistry of Drilling-Fluid/Shale Interactions (1993)

Summary A borehole-stability model that uniquely couples the mechanical and chemical aspects of drilling-fluid/shale interactions was developed. The model allows the user to determine the optimum drilling parameters (e.g., mud weight and salt concentration) to alleviate borehole-stability-related problems with oil- or water-based drilling-fluid systems. Chemically induced stress alteration based on the thermodynamics of differences in water molar free energies of the drilling fluid and shale is combined with mechanically induced stress. These two potentials are coupled by use of the framework of poroelasticity theory to formulate the physiochemical basis of this borehole-stability model. Introduction Shales make up more than 75% of drilled formations and cause more than 90% of wellbore-instability problems. Drilling shale can result in a variety of problems, ranging from washout to complete hole collapse. More typical drilling problems in shales are bit balling, sloughing, or creep. The problems are severe and have been estimated conservatively to be a $500 million/yr problem for the industry. These engineering problems are closely connected with the "bulk properties" of the shale, such as strength and deformation as a function of depositional environment, porosity, water content, clay content, composition, and compaction rates. The drilling-fluid bulk properties (such as the chemical makeup and concentration of the continuous phase of the mud; the composition and type of an internal phase, if present; the type of additives associated with the continuous phase; and the maintenance of the system) also are of utmost engineering importance. Other factors - in-situ stresses, pore pressure, temperature, time in open hole, depth and length of openhole interval, surrounding geological environment (salt stringers, dome, etc.) - also directly affect drilling and completion operations and must be integrated into any model and new mud system development. These variables are interconnected and influence the overall behavior of shales during drilling.
Rapid Stiffening of a Microfluidic Endoskeleton via Frontal Polymerization (2014)

Materials capable of rapidly modifying their physical properties in response to stimuli are desirable for on-demand deployment and adaptive engineering structures. Frontal polymerization is a self-propagating reaction that can quickly transform liquid reactants into solid products. In this contribution, we demonstrate that frontal polymerization enables facile, rapid stiffening of a vascular network embedded in a flexible matrix. Systematic variation of the vascular architecture shows that polymerization fronts in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix are self-propagating in channels as small as 838 μm and even when curves, branch points and converging geometries are present. After polymerization the composite structure was dramatically stiffened (up to 18 times the original Young's modulus) based on tensile testing results. This work demonstrates the use of frontal polymerization as an efficient methodology for transforming flexible materials into functional supports or surfaces through endoskeletal stiffening.
(GaAl)As/GaAs heterojunction phototransistors with high current gain (1977)

n-Ga1−xAlxAs/p-GaAs/n-GaAs heterojunction transistors with high Al concentrations have been fabricated by the conventional liquid-phase epitaxial method. Electrical measurements showed that the transistors have a common emitter current gain of up to 1600. The current gain varies with the emitter injection level because of the defect-current component, which is the recombination current in the depletion region. It has been made clear, however, that the effect of the defect current was reduced in transistors grown at low temperature (∼750 °C). The variation of the electron diffusion length Ln with the device operating temperature has been calculated by using the current gain at each temperature. Furthermore, the phototransistor characteristics have been widely investigated.
Network function virtualization in the multi-tenant cloud (2015)

With more and more tenants launching their applications on the cloud, various requirements have been posed regarding the cloud's performance, security, and management. In the face of tenant demands, the cloud provider deploys different hardware middleboxes, carrying out different network functions, and enhancing the cloud's capability in serving tenant requirements. While middleboxes are crucial to the cloud, concerns have been raised regarding their costs, manageability, and performance overhead. To tackle these problems, researchers have proposed an alternative to hardware middleboxes: network function virtualization. Software applications are deployed in place of hardware middleboxes, offering equivalent functionalities while greatly improving flexibility, manageability, and cost-efficiency. In this paper we discuss opportunities and challenges that network function virtualization brings to the multi-tenant cloud. We also propose a cloud architecture that exploits virtual network functions. Our contributions can serve as an enlightener for future efforts in this area.
B cells, T follicular helpers, and germinal centers as facilitators of chronic Graft-versus-Host disease (2014)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. August 2014. Major: Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology. Advisor: Dr. Bruce R. Blazar, M.D. 1 computer file\n(PDF); ix, 170 pages.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Carbon Nanotubes as Gigahertz Oscillators (2002)

Recently Zheng and Jiang [PRL 88, 045503 (2002)], based on static models, have proposed that multiwalled carbon nanotubes could be the basis for a new generation of nanooscilators in the several gigahertz range. In this work we present the first molecular dynamics simulation for these systems. Different nanotube types were considered in order to verify the reliability of such devices as gigahertz oscillators. Our results show that these nanooscillators are dynamically stables when the radii difference values between inner and outer tubes are of ~ 3.4 A. Frequencies as large as 38 GHz were observed, and the calculated force values are in good agreement with recent experimental investigations. Moreover, our results contradict some predictions made by Zheng and Jiang.
Design of dynamic circuits with enhanced noise tolerance (2003)

In this paper, we present a design technique that increases the noise tolerance of dynamic circuits. We present a low-noise circuit which has very low leakage and variable input noise margin. This circuit can be used in the design of noise-tolerant dynamic wide-OR gates which are otherwise extremely vulnerable to noise at the inputs and charge leakage from the dynamic evaluation node. High speed decoders and comparators used in a cache can be realized using dynamic wide-OR gates. We present simulation results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design technique compared to other techniques. We also present the application of the low-noise circuit to enhance the noise immunity of dynamic SOI gates against parasitic bipolar leakage.
An Improved Single Flight Technique for Radar Stereo (1973)

An improved technique for obtaining stereo radar image pairs is described. The technique uses a unique combination of two different radar beam pattern characteristics. The resulting stereo radar images are illuminated from very nearly the same aircraft position which results in radar shadow and backscatter characteristics which are very similar and in improved image registration possibilities. The reduction in illumination angle and aircraft position differences is shown to be nearly an order of magnitude or more when compared with a previously proposed single flight technique which used two vertical fan beam patterns at different azimuth angles. As a related sidelight it is shown that this previous technique requlres the two fan beam patterns to generate parallax on the images and thus can not be implemented with synthetic arrays squinted at two different squint angles.
Altered expression of transforming growth factor betas during urethral and bulbourethral gland tumor progression in transgenic mice carrying the androgen-responsive C3(1) 5' flanking region fused to SV40 large T antigen (1998)

We demonstrate that targeted expression of SV40 large T antigen (TAg) to the urethral (periurethral) and bulbourethral gland epithelium leads to adenocarcinoma formation in these tissues after 7 months of age, which are extremely rare sites for spontaneous tumor formation in humans. The development of proliferative lesions in the urethral gland predictably follows a temporal course of progression with approximately one third of male animals developing urethral tumors by 1 year of age. Tumor progression in these organs correlates to the level of TAg and p53 expression. Immunoprecipitation confirmed that SV40 TAg protein was bound to p53 and Rb p110 in vivo. Expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbetas) was evaluated during tumor progression of urethral gland carcinomas. Elevations of intracellular and extracellular TGFbeta1 and extracellular TGFbeta3 were found in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions, suggesting that increased TGFbetas may augment tumor growth. c-Met expression showed a tendency for increased expression in the urethral gland carcinomas. We speculate that the directed expression of SV40 TAg by the hormone responsive C3(1) gene and subsequent tumor formation in these organs is influenced by androgens, since these tissues and carcinomas express androgen receptor (AR) and arise only in male transgenic mice. Several cell lines established from the urethral carcinomas were also shown to express AR, but are not androgen dependent in culture. To our knowledge, this is the first transgenic animal model for urethral and bulbourethral carcinomas. This transgenic mouse model and the cell lines derived from it may provide a unique opportunity for dissecting molecular mechanisms involved in the tumorigenesis of these organs which otherwise rarely develop cancer.
More Information on the Rules of Practice Before the BPAI, Final Rule (2009)

Frequently Asked Questions - Rules of Practice before the BPAI, effective January 23, 2012 - COMING SOON
Digital signal processing applications in high-performance synthetic aperture radar processing (2004)

Modern high-performance synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems require sophisticated signal processing to form high-quality image products. The advent of high-speed analog to digital converter (ADC), digital to analog converter (DAC), and field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology has transformed radar architectures and moved the analog/digital boundary substantially closer to the antenna, while improving both system flexibility and performance. This paper discusses the trends in application of digital signal processing (DSP) to modern SAR systems, and specifically to Sandia National Laboratories' MiniSAR program.
A novel electromechanical approach to constant frequency power generation (2003)

An alternate design approach to the hydromechanical constant speed drive (CSD) used on aircraft to drive synchronous generators at constant speed has been evaluated. The alternative design replaces hydraulic devices with advanced technology permanent magnet (PM) motor/generators which rely on power semiconductors in the speed compensation link to produce a constant speed output to the synchronous generator. The feasibility study for the product, electrically compensated CSD (ECCSD), has been demonstrated. The ECCSD program demonstrates the basic axial gear differential CSD concept of passing the power and speed trimming functions through gearing, while at the same time efficiently accomplishing the closed-loop speed control function electromechanically with small, high-speed motors. The ECCSD configuration chosen for development uses a 50000 r/min PM generator and a 50,000 r/min motor. A thyristor-based AC-to-DC converter conditions the PM generator output. A transistor-based brushless DC-type motor drive is used with the PM motor. The hardware is described, and test results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>