gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Targets of μ-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Presynaptic Inhibition at Primary Afferent Aδ- and C-Fibers (2011)

Agonists at μ-opioid receptors (MORs) represent the gold standard for the treatment of severe pain. A key element of opioid analgesia is the depression of nociceptive information at the first synaptic relay in spinal pain pathways. The underlying mechanisms are, however, largely unknown. In spinal cord slices with dorsal roots attached prepared from young rats, we determined the inhibitory effect of the selective MOR agonist [d-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) on monosynaptic Aδ- and C-fiber-evoked EPSCs in lamina I neurons. DAMGO depressed presynaptically Aδ- and C-fiber-mediated responses, indicating that MORs are expressed on central terminals of both fiber types. We next addressed the mechanisms of presynaptic inhibition. The effect of DAMGO at both Aδ- and C-fiber terminals was mainly mediated by an inhibition of N-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (VDCCs), and to a lesser extent of P/Q-type VDCCs. Inhibition by DAMGO was not reduced by K(+) channel blockers. The rate of miniature EPSCs was reduced by DAMGO in a dose-dependent manner. The opioid also reduced Ca(2+)-dependent, ionomycin-induced EPSCs downstream of VDCCs. DAMGO had no effect on the kinetics of vesicle exocytosis in C-fiber terminals, but decreased the rate of unloading of Aδ-fiber boutons moderately, as revealed by two-photon imaging of styryl dye destaining. Together, these results suggest that binding of opioids to MORs reduces nociceptive signal transmission at central Aδ- and C-fiber synapses mainly by inhibition of presynaptic N-type VDCCs. P/Q-type VDCCs and the transmitter release machinery are targets of opioid action as well.
Secondary dystonia and the <i>DYTI</i> gene (1997)

Early-onset (< 28 years) primary dystonia in most Ashkenazi Jews is due to a single founder mutation in the DYT1 gene on chromosome 9q34, as determined by very strong linkage disequilibrium with a haplotype of 9q34 alleles at surrounding marker loci. The role of this mutation in individuals with secondary causes for dystonia has never been tested, although environmental insults, such as neuroleptic exposure or perinatal asphyxia, are proposed to precipitate dystonia in genetically predisposed individuals. We assessed 9q34 haplotypes in 40 Ashkenazi patients with secondary dystonia; 25 had early onset of symptoms, including 15 with exposure to neuroleptic medication or perinatal asphyxia. Of the 25 patients with early onset, 9 were considered phenocopies of DYT1 having normal examinations except for dystonia, normal radiographic and other laboratory studies, and onset in a limb or the neck. Only one individual whose dystonia developed in the setting of a measles infection carried the associated haplotype. Our findings indicate that clinical diagnostic criteria that include historical information to detect tardive dystonia and perinatal asphyxia discriminate primary dystonia due to the DYT1 founder mutation. We found no evidence that the DYT1 founder mutation contributes to secondary dystonia.
Pharmacokinetics of erythromycin in patients with severe cirrhosis. Respective influence of decreased serum binding and impaired liver metabolic capacity. (1987)

Pharmacokinetic parameters were studied after i.v. infusion of erythromycin (500 mg) in five patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and six normal subjects. Serum AAG levels were 4.7 +/- 2.4 mumol l-1 in cirrhotics and 10.3 +/- 2.1 +/- mumol l-1 in normals. The unbound fraction (fu) of erythromycin was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients (58.3 +/- 17.7%) than in normal subjects (30.5 +/- 2.8%, P less than 0.01), and a negative correlation was found between fu values and serum AAG (r = -0.867, P less than 0.01). Due to increase in fu, volume of distribution (Vss) was significantly augmented in cirrhotics (85.5 +/- 23.8 l vs 57.6 +/- 14.8 l, P less than 0.05). Serum clearance of unbound erythromycin (CLu) was significantly reduced in cirrhotic patients (42.2 +/- 10.1 l h-1 vs 113.2 +/- 44.2 l h-1 in normal subjects, P less than 0.01). This led to marked elevation of serum concentrations of unbound drug and was entirely explained by the decrease of non renal (i.e. hepatic intrinsic) clearance (31.6 +/- 7.5 l h-1 in cirrhotics, 98.6 +/- 41.5 l h-1 in normals, P less than 0.02); renal clearance remained unchanged. It is concluded that in cirrhotic patients, low serum AAG levels and reduced liver metabolic capacity may lead to marked changes in pharmacokinetics of erythromycin, and that similar results might be expected for drugs which exhibit the same serum binding and pharmacokinetic behaviour as erythromycin.
They write the right stuff (1996)

As the 120-ton space shuttle sits surrounded by almost 4 million pounds of rocket fuel, exhaling noxious fumes, visibly impatient to defy gravity, its on-board computers take command. The right stuff kicks in at T-minus 31 seconds. As the 120-ton space shuttle sits surrounded by almost 4 million pounds of rocket fuel, exhaling noxious fumes, visibly impatient to defy gravity, its on-board computers take command. Four identical machines, running identical software, pull information from thousands of sensors, make hundreds of milli-second decisions, vote on every decision, check with each other 250 times a second. A fifth computer, with different software, stands by to take control should the other four malfunction. At T-minus 6.6 seconds, if the pressures, pumps, and temperatures are nominal, the computers give the order to light the shuttle main engines -each of the three engines firing off precisely 160 milliseconds apart, tons of super-cooled liquid fuel pouring into combustion chambers, the ship rocking on its launch pad, held to the ground only by bolts. As the main engines come to one million pounds of thrust, their exhausts tighten into blue diamonds of flame. Then and only then at T-minus zero seconds, if the computers are satisfied that the They Write the Right Stuff http://www.fastcompany.com/print/28121
Knowledge acquisition and representation techniques in scholarly communication (1995)

Paper journals, conferences and workshops have been the major media for scholarly discourse for 300 years. However, in the 1990s access to low-cost personal computmg and Intemet communications is leading to radical changes in the operation of scholarly communities. Electronic publication and conferencing is becoming common in all disciplines using commonly available Internet facilities such as ftp archives, list servers, gopher and world-wide web. Some scholarly communities that had not previously achieved a critical mass have done so through the net, others have launched major collaborative projects managed through the net, and others are questioning the value of conventional conferences that are limited by being localized in space and time compared with the flexibility of continuous international electronic conferencing through the web. However, the majority of current electronic scholarly discourse emulates paper-based media in relying primarily on text and diagrams for knowledge communication.
Cellular biology of fracture healing (2018)

The biology of bone healing is a rapidly developing science. Advances in transgenic and gene-targeted mice have enabled tissue and cell-specific investigations of skeletal regeneration. As an example, only recently has it been recognized that chondrocytes convert to osteoblasts during healing bone, and only several years prior, seminal publications reported definitively that the primary tissues contributing bone forming cells during regeneration were the periosteum and endosteum. While genetically modified animals offer incredible insights into the temporal and spatial importance of various gene products, the complexity and rapidity of healing-coupled with the heterogeneity of animal models-renders studies of regenerative biology challenging. Herein, cells that play a key role in bone healing will be reviewed and extracellular mediators regulating their behavior discussed. We will focus on recent studies that explore novel roles of inflammation in bone healing, and the origins and fates of various cells in the fracture environment. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
Ventilatory Responses to Hypoxia and High Altitude During Sleep in Aconcagua Climbers (2007)

Interestingly, the changes in ventilatory response during simulated altitude and at comparable altitude on Aconcagua during the summit attempt were similar, suggesting reductions in FiO(2), rather than in pressure, alter this response.
Airborne Warning Systems for Natural and Aircraft-Initiated Lightning (1982)

Possible airborne warning systems other than radar for avoidance of thunderstorms and lightning strikes to aircraft can include one or more of the various types of instruments surveyed here. One class of warning system considered is concerned with lightning strikes initiated ("triggered") by the aircraft itself when in high-field environments within electrified but "nonthundery" clouds. Since data show high correlations between strikes to aircraft and high-field environments, warnings can be provided by various types of field detectors considered. The other class of warning system is concerned with distant thunderstorm warnings provided by the many different types of RF sferics detectors considered, and by optical detectors. The sferics detectors sense electromagnetic fields radiated by lightning and by prelightning discharges. They include crossed-loop, multipleloop, time-of-arrival, interferometer, pulse-height, spectral-amplitude, and E- and H-amplitude systems. Direction-rinding errors are discussed in detail, especially site errors (generally unrecognized) of crossed loops mounted on aircraft. Theoretical assessments of the latter are made using analytical models as well as a 3-dimensional computer model to simulate aircraft structures.
Are Sheep Spines a Valid Biomechanical Model for Human Spines? (1997)

Based on the biomechanical similarities of sheep and human spines demonstrated in this study, it appears that the use of the sheep spine, which already includes evaluation of surgical techniques and bone healing processes, might be extended to spinal implants.
Compressive tracking with 1000-element arrays: A framework for multi-Gbps mm wave cellular downlinks (2012)

We propose and demonstrate the feasibility of multi-Gbps cellular downlinks using the mm-wave band. The small wavelengths allows deployment of compact base station antenna arrays with a very large number (32×32) of elements, while a compressive approach to channel acquisition and tracking reduces overhead while simplifying hardware design (RF beamforming with four phases per antenna element). The base station array transmits multiple compressive (≪ 32 × 32) training beacons by choosing different sets of phases from 0°, 90°, 180°, 270° at random at each of the elements. Each mobile, equipped with a single antenna, reports the observations corresponding to the different beacons (e.g., on an existing LTE link at a lower frequency), allowing the array to estimate the angles of departure. We observe that tracking overhead can be reduced by exploiting the sparsity of the spatial channel to a given mobile (which allows parametric estimation of departure angles for the different paths), and the continuity in the user's mobility at microsecond timescales (for tracking the evolution of departure angles). We first illustrate the basic feasibility of such a system for realistic values of system parameters, including range of operation, user mobility and hardware constraints. We then propose a compressive channel tracking algorithm that exploits prior channel estimates to drastically reduce the number of beacons and demonstrate the efficacy of the system using simulations.
Different responses are elicited in cytotoxic T lymphocytes by different levels of T cell receptor occupancy. (1996)

We have investigated the level of TCR occupancy required to elicit different biological responses in human CTL clones specific for an influenza matrix peptide. Specific cytotoxicity could be detected at extremely low peptide concentrations (10(-12) to 10(-15) M). However, IFN-gamma production, responsiveness to IL-2 and Ca++ fluxes were observed only at peptide concentrations > 10(-9) M, while autonomous proliferation required even higher peptide concentrations. In parallel experiments we measured TCR downregulation to estimate the number of TCRs triggered. We observed that at low peptide concentrations, where only cytotoxicity is triggered, TCR downregulation was hardly detectable. Conversely, induction of IFN-gamma production and proliferation required triggering of at least 20-50% of TCRs. Taken together these results indicate that a single CTL can graduate different biological responses as a function of antigen concentration and that killing of the specific target does not necessarily result in full activation.
Modifications of the<i>E.coli</i>Lac repressor for expression in eukaryotic cells: effects of nuclear signal sequences on protein activity and nuclear accumulation (1992)

Eukaryotic expression vectors designed to produce E. coli Lac repressor protein targeted to the nucleus of mammalian cells were constructed. These constructions carry the lac repressor gene (lacI) fused at different positions to a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) from either the SV40 large T antigen or the adenovirus E1a. When the NLS's were fused to the lacI gene at the 5' end, the protein produced exhibited tighter repression of beta-galactosidase expression than the unmodified LacI protein. Localization sequences at the extreme 3' end of the gene generally diminished induction by IPTG, while introduction of the SV40 NLS nine base pairs upstream of the 3' end eliminated repressor activity. When either NLS was placed at the 3' end behind a random nine base pair linker, the activity of the LacI protein depended on the sequence of the linker, and in 9 of 10 linkers tested, activity of the protein was adversely affected. The one exception was the fusion protein from p3'ss, which had the NLS at the 3' end of lacI behind the nine base pair linker, AGC AGC CTG (ser-ser-leu). This protein exhibited efficient nuclear accumulation, strong repressor activity and greater sensitivity to IPTG induction. The functional linker from the p3'ss fusion protein extends the leucine zipper heptad repeat located at the C-terminus of the protein. These data support the role of the leucine zipper in tetramer formation and predict that extension of this zipper will further stabilize the protein. This modified lacI gene should be valuable for improved adaptation of the prokaryotic regulatory system to eukaryotic cells.
A Unified Approach for the Discovery of Web and Peer-to-Peer Services (2006)

As the Web service technology matures, other computing paradigms such as peer-to-peer gradually adopt the service-oriented approach and are beginning to expose functionality as services. Hence there is a need for integration of these heterogeneous services, for the development of service-oriented applications. The first step to accomplish this is to establish a unified approach for service discovery. In this paper, we briefly present a query language along with its enacting service search engine which is used for effectively discovering Web and P2P services in a unified manner
Device Operation of Schottky Gate Type Static Induction Transistor Using Copper-Phthalocyanine Evaporated Films (1998)

Organic static induction transistors(SIT) are fabricated using copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc) evaporated films. The slit type Al gate electrode of the device is sandwiched by the CuPc films. Schottky junction is formed at the interface between Al gate electrode and CuPc films. From the experimental results, it is found that source-drain current can be controlled by the bias voltage applied to Al gate electrode. The device characteristics depend on the gate bias voltage and structure of Al electrode. Good static and dynamic characteristics of the transistors are obtained by choosing a proper slit structure of Al electrode.
Influence of corneal biomechanical properties on intraocular pressure measurement (2005)

The simulation based on the model demonstrated quantitatively that variations in each corneal variable cause errors in tonometry IOP readings. The simulation results indicate that differences in corneal biomechanics across individuals may have greater impact on IOP measurement errors than corneal thickness or curvature.
Robotic Software Integration Using MARIE (2006)

This paper presents MARIE, a middleware framework oriented towards developing and integrating new and existing software for robotic systems. By using a generic communication framework, MARIE aims to create a flexible distributed component system that allows robotics developers to share software programs and algorithms, and design prototypes rapidly based on their own integration needs. The use of MARIE is illustrated with the design of a socially interactive autonomous mobile robot platform capable of map building, localization, navigation, tasks scheduling, sound source localization, tracking and separation, speech recognition and generation, visual tracking, message reading and graphical interaction using a touch screen interface.
Selective mode launching in a multimode channel waveguide by planar coupler (2004)

Selective mode couplers representing a planar variant of input/output prism couplers have been fabricated. The planar couplers developed demonstrate selective excitation of solitary modes of different orders in channel waveguides. Mode division/multiplexing units based on these couplers can provide practical applications of modal data compression in multimode fibre links, resulting in multiplication of the transmission capacity.
IFN-alpha2a induces IP-10/CXCL10 and MIG/CXCL9 production in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and enhances their capacity to attract and stimulate CD8+ effector T cells. (2002)

Type I IFNs are immunomodulatory factors that possibly influence the properties of tissue-resident dendritic cells. Here, we have investigated the capacity of IFN-alpha2a to enhance DC chemoattractive and stimulatory capacity toward CD8+ T lymphocytes. Phenotypically, IFN-alpha2a-treated DC (IFN-DC) showed an increased expression of costimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules, maintained even after withdrawal of the cytokine. IFN-alpha2a enhanced DC stimulatory capacity toward CD8+ T cells, as assessed by increased MLR responses and induction of MART-1(26-35)-specific CTLs in vitro. No functional CCR7 chemokine receptor could be induced. Instead, high amounts of IP-10/CXCL10 and MIG/CXCL9 chemokines were produced. Freshly isolated CD8+RO+ cells and PHA-activated CD8+ T cells migrated efficiently in response to IFN-DC-conditioned medium, and the migration could be inhibited by neutralizing the CXCR3 receptor on responder cells. These results suggest that type I IFNs could enhance the elicitation of class I-restricted effector functions in vivo in the periphery by modulating DC chemoattractive properties.
Strain and defects in Si-doped (Al)GaN epitaxial layers (2012)

Si is the most common dopant in (Al)GaN based devices acting as a donor. It has been observed that Si induces tensile strain in (Al)GaN films, which leads to an increasing tendency for cracking of such films with the increase of Si content and/or the increase of Al content. Based on x-ray investigations, the Si-doped films have a larger in-plane lattice constant than their undoped buffer layers, indicating involvement of a mechanism other than the change of lattice constants expected from an alloying effect. In this work, we present a model about Si dislocation interaction while debating other proposed models in the literature. According to our model, Si atoms are attracted to the strain dipole of edge-type dislocations in (Al)GaN films. It is expected that Si is more incorporated on that side of the dislocation, which is under compression leading to the formation of off-balanced dipoles with reduced compressive component. In response to such off-balanced dipoles—appearing as tensile dominant strain dipoles—the dislocation lines climb in order to accommodate the excess tensile strain. However, this dislocation climb mechanism is hindered by forces exerted by vacancies created due to the climb process. Accordingly, we have observed a lower strain level in our Si doped layers when they contain fewer dislocations. These findings were further supported by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and micro-photoluminescence investigations.
Reale e imaginario nella scrittura romanzesca di Alfredo Conde (2018)

En la obra de Alfredo Conde se percibe la gran influencia que tiene Galicia, comunidad autónoma donde nació y se crió. Su contexto geográfico es clave para entender su narrativa y su continuo vaivén discursivo entre lo real y lo imaginario como entidades fluidas, tal y como sucede en su tierra natal.La peculiaridad de Alfredo Conde es que recupera la Historia no con el fin autobiográfico de auto-referenciarse, sino con el fin de explorar la epistemología moderna que opera en un mundo cuya lengua carece de una palabra reveladora y donde una palabra vale para todo.
Mechanism of Photolytic Ozonation (1987)

Photolytic Ozonation has been known for over a decade as a powerful water treatment process for the destruction of organic compounds, but its mode of action has not been understood. It is shown using kinetic arguments and data from scavenging experiments that photolysis of aqueous ozone yields hydrogen peroxide, which then reacts with further ozone in a complex series of reactions to yield hydroxyl radical. The proposed mechanism is shown to explain pH behavior of model compound destruction in earlier data.
Design of low‐profile broadband capacitive circuit absorber (2016)

A low‐profile broadband capacitive circuit absorber has been demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. The design consists of square loop resonators and lumped resistors periodically arranged on the top of grounded dielectric substrate. The novelty of the design lies in its capacitive reactance due to square loop geometry, which reduces the electrical thickness of the structure compared with the earlier broadband absorbers. The simulated results show that the structure exhibits reflectance below −10 dB from 1.91 to 5.75 GHz with the thickness of only 0.07λ l at the lowest operating frequency. Furthermore, the proposed structure is polarisation insensitive as well as angularly stable. The structure has also been fabricated, whose measured result is in good agreement with the simulated response.
Quality of service analysis in IEEE 802.15.4 mesh networks using MANET routing (2010)

IEEE 802.15.4 is the emerging next generation wireless standard designed for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN), which suit wireless sensor networks applications. It attempts to provide a low cost, low power and short range wireless networking. The QoS is more challenging in heterogeneous wireless sensors networks, where a diverse mixture of sensors for monitoring temperature, pressure, and humidity are deployed to monitor the phenomena. So, it introduces different reading rates at these sensors. This paper provides the performance evaluation of Quality of Service parameters of WSN based on IEEE 802.15.4 mesh topology using reactive MANET routing for varying traffic loads. The data packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, total energy consumption and network lifetime are investigated as the performance metrics. The results show that DSR and DYMO perform better than AODV in mesh topology non beacon enabled mode.