gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Criteria for selecting fluorescent dye tracers for soil hydrological applications using Uranine as an example (2013)

Abstract Calibrating and verifying 2-D and 3-D vadose zone flow and transport models requires detailed information on water and solute redistribution. Among the different water flow and mass transfer determination methods, staining tracers have the best spatial resolution allowing visualization and quantification of fluid flow including preferential flow paths. Staining techniques have been used successfully for several decades; however, the hydrological community is still searching for an “ideal” vadose zone tracer regarding flow path visualization. To date, most research using staining dyes is carried out with Brilliant Blue FCF. Fluorescent dyes such as Uranine, however, have significant advantages over nonfluorescents which makes them a promising alternative. This paper presents the first analysis of key properties any fluorescent substance must possess to qualify as a staining fluorescent tracer in vadose zone hydrological applications. First, we summarize the main physico-chemical properties of Uranine and evaluate its staining tracer potential with conventional suitability indicators and visibility testing in a soil profile. Based on numerical analysis using the theory of fluorescence, we show that a low molar absorption coefficient is a crucial parameter to quantify concentration accurately. In addition, excitation of a tracer on wavelengths different from the maximum excitation wavelength can extend the linear range of the concentration-fluorescence relationship significantly. Finally, we develop criteria for evaluating the suitability of any potential fluorescent soil staining compound for soil hydrological applications: 1) high quantum yield, 2) low molar absorption coefficient, 3) fluorescence independent of temperature, 4) low photodecomposition rates, and 5) fluorescence stable across a wide range of pH values.
Data throttling for data-intensive workflows (2008)

Existing workflow systems attempt to achieve high performance by intelligently scheduling tasks on resources, sometimes even attempting to move the largest data files on the highest-capacity links. However, such approaches are inherently limited, in that there is only minimal control available regarding the arrival time and rate of data transfer between nodes, resulting in unbalanced workflows in which one task is idle while waiting for data to arrive. This paper describes a data throttling framework that can be exploited by workflow systems to uniquely regulate the rate of data transfers between the workflow tasks via a specially-created QoS-enabled GridFTP server. Our workflow planner constructs a schedule that both specifies when/where individual tasks are to be executed, as well as when and at what rate data is to be transferred. Simulation results involving a simple workflow indicate that our system can achieve a 30% speedup when nodes show a computation/communication ratio of approximately 0.5. We reinforce and confirm these results via the actual implementation of the Montage workflow in the wide area, obtaining a maximum speedup of 31% and an average speedup with 16%. Overall, we believe that our data throttling grid workflow system both executes workflows more efficiently (by better establishing balanced workflow graphs) and operates more cooperatively with unrelated concurrent grid activities by consuming less overall network bandwidth, allowing such unrelated activities to execute more efficiently as well.
Photons, electrons, and acid yields in EUV photoresists: a progress report (2008)

This paper describes our initial investigation into building a greater understanding of the complex mechanism occurring during extreme ultraviolet (EUV) exposure of resist materials. In particular, we are focusing on the number and energy of photoelectrons generated and available for reaction with photoacid generators (PAGs). We propose that this approach will best enable the industry to develop resists capable of meeting resolution, line width roughness (LWR), and sensitivity requirements.
A headset-based minimized wearable computer (2001)

A headset with a sensory system and a short-range wireless radio transceiver can become a highly available, context-aware peripheral device. The author describes a headset that uses a combination of low-power motion sensors and microcontrollers to translate a user's behavior into corresponding symbolic codes.
Modelling and animating three-dimensional articulate figures (2010)

This thesis describes an animation extension to a high-level graphical programming language which provides constructs for the definition, manipulation, and external representation of three-dimensional articulate figures and and their associated movements. The extension permits the definition of models consisting of segments and joints and the specification of each model's motion at a high level of abstraction. The relationship of the extension with respect to the host language is discussed and a general description of the animation language's design and implementation is given. The modelling and motion constructs are discussed and examples of the constructs are presented. It is concluded that high level animation permits the implementation of sophisticated application programs that are easy to read and understand.
Torque on a Cylindrical Magnet through which a Current is Passing (1924)

The torque acting on a vertical magnet, free to rotate about its axis, when an electric current is sent into the magnet by means of a horizontal arm attached at the central portion of its length and taken out along the axis, is usually ascribed either to the action of the field of the magnet on the current in the horizontal arm or to the action of the field of the current in the magnet on the poles of the magnet. But with a symmetrically magnetized magnet the latter torque reduces to zero whereas the action on the horizontal arm is opposite to the torque actually observed. The predominating torque which is overlooked is that resulting from the action of the magnetic flux through the magnet on the entering current sheet. Theoretical equation. It is shown that if a current enters along the peripheral surface of a symmetrically magnetized cylindrical magnet, the total torque is $\frac{\mathrm{iN}}{2\ensuremath{\pi}}$ where $i$ is the c.g.s. current flowing and $N$ the flux cutting the current sheet. The same relation holds when the magnetization is not symmetrical if the current enters the magnet in a symmetrical manner through a peripheral ring of the surface. If the current enters a magnet through the whole base over which there is a uniform magnetic induction, then the torque is $\frac{\mathrm{iN}}{4\ensuremath{\pi}}$. Experiments made with a symmetrically magnetized magnet with the current entering the magnet from a salt solution at peripheral rings at various places along the length of the magnet and leaving at the axis, verify the formula deduced. The same formula was found to agree also with experimental results obtained when a brass cylinder in the field of a solenoid replaced the magnet, showing that poles are without effect. The torque on a magnet when the current entered through a side arm was found to be the less the longer the side arm.
Changes in transcutaneous PCO2 with sleep in normal subjects and in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. (1987)

In order to establish the normal range for increase in transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2) during sleep, 33 healthy volunteers were investigated with the Hewlett Packard capnometer 47210A option A10. PtcCO2 was on average 46 mmHg (6.1 kPa) when the subjects were awake. The highest recorded level during sleep was, on average, 52 mmHg (6.9 kPa). The mean maximal increase was thus 6 mm Hg (0.8 kPa) or 13% of awake PtcCO2. Measurements were also performed in 15 patients with interstitial lung disease, 23 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10 patients with scoliosis and in 21 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. The mean maximal increase in PtcCO2 with sleep was essentially the same in all groups, except in the scoliosis patients who showed an increase of 11 mmHg (1.5 kPa) (21% of awake PtcCO2); this was significantly more than in any other group. There was a positive relationship (r = 0.67, p less than 0.05) between arterial PCO2 and the increase in PtcCO2 in the scoliotics but not in the other groups.
Broad role for YBX1 in defining the small noncoding RNA composition of exosomes (2017)

RNA is secreted from cells enclosed within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Defining the RNA composition of EVs is challenging due to their coisolation with contaminants, lack of knowledge of the mechanisms of RNA sorting into EVs, and limitations of conventional RNA-sequencing methods. Here we present our observations using thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase sequencing (TGIRT-seq) to characterize the RNA extracted from HEK293T cell EVs isolated by flotation gradient ultracentrifugation and from exosomes containing the tetraspanin CD63 further purified from the gradient fractions by immunoisolation. We found that EV-associated transcripts are dominated by full-length, mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and other small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) encapsulated within vesicles. A substantial proportion of the reads mapping to protein-coding genes, long ncRNAs, and antisense RNAs were due to DNA contamination on the surface of vesicles. Nevertheless, sequences mapping to spliced mRNAs were identified within HEK293T cell EVs and exosomes, among the most abundant being transcripts containing a 5' terminal oligopyrimidine (5' TOP) motif. Our results indicate that the RNA-binding protein YBX1, which is required for the sorting of selected miRNAs into exosomes, plays a role in the sorting of highly abundant small ncRNA species, including tRNAs, Y RNAs, and Vault RNAs. Finally, we obtained evidence for an EV-specific tRNA modification, perhaps indicating a role for posttranscriptional modification in the sorting of some RNA species into EVs. Our results suggest that EVs and exosomes could play a role in the purging and intercellular transfer of excess free RNAs, including full-length tRNAs and other small ncRNAs.
PRECREST: A phase II prevention and biomarker trial of creatine in at-risk Huntington disease (2014)

This study provides Class I evidence that high-dose creatine is safe and tolerable.
Extracellular and intracellular activities of clarithromycin used alone and in association with ethambutol and rifampin against Mycobacterium avium complex (1991)

Mycobacterium avium complex bacteria are opportunistic human pathogens, and their chemotherapy remains a challenge since these organisms are resistant to a majority of routine antituberculous drugs. Recently, a wide range of new macrolide antibiotics has been developed, among which the drug clarithromycin appears to have a selective action against M. avium bacteria. In the present study, we have investigated the action of clarithromycin alone (MIC and MBC determinations) and in association with the routine antimycobacterial drugs ethambutol and rifampin at sublethal concentrations (1 micrograms/ml; below concentrations obtainable in human serum) against M. avium. Our viable count data showed that clarithromycin was bactericidal against all 10 strains of M. avium studied and that its activity was enhanced by ethambutol (in 8 of 9 strains) and rifampin (in 3 of 9 strains). The use of all three drugs in association resulted in higher bactericidal effects than found with any of the drugs used alone or in two-drug combinations in seven of nine strains. The bactericidal effects of various drugs used alone and in combination at concentrations obtainable in human serum were investigated against the type strain ATCC 15769 by using 7H9 broth and BACTEC radiometry (extracellular action) and a J-774 macrophage cell line (intracellular action). A good agreement between the extracellular and intracellular activities was found. Electron microscopy using a ruthenium red cytochemical staining of the bacteria showed that clarithromycin disorganized the outer wall layer and the cytoplasmic membrane in the mycobacterial cell envelope and resulted in formation of large vacuoles inside the cytoplasm, with solubilization of ribosomal structures and consequent plasmolysis. Its association with ethambutol and rifampin resulted in more drastic alterations in the bacterial morphology than were seen with any of the drugs used alone, leading to the removal of the bacterial outer layer, homogenization of cytoplasm, complete cell lysis, and formation of ghosts.
A novel integrated optics wavelength filter in InGaAsP-InP (1986)

An InGaAsP-InP integrated optics wavelength selective device is proposed and demonstrated. It utilizes coupling between epitaxial layers with different refractive indices and thicknesses. The device is suitable for integration to form, e.g., a monolithic receiver for wavelength division multiplexed optical communication systems. Design considerations are given. The filter bandwidth and center wavelength can be freely chosen, and bandwidths as narrow as 1.5 nm at 1.3 or 1.55 μm center wavelength are shown feasible. Electrical tuning is possible. Experimental filters show that devices can he fabricated with performance in good agreement with theory, The 22-nm -3-dB bandwidth at 1.12-μm center wavelength presently demonstrated is limited by the measurement system.
Object oriented programming for motion control (2002)

The application of motion control to solve general automation problems has been hampered in the past by the steep learning curve of traditional programming languages. From the application development standpoint, traditional motion control languages demand not only a complete understanding of the details of the application, but also a thorough knowledge of programming concepts before a solution can be implemented. A motion control concept utilizing a graphical user interface and icons to represent motion function is presented. This graphical motion control language allows free-form motion programming by simply connecting the icons to conceptualize the application in block diagram form. Motion and process details can be filled in later. Once the diagram is complete, it is converted into a text file in the native language of the particular motion controller to be used and downloaded for execution. An example implementation is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactive Ion Etching of Silicon Nitride Deposited by Different Methods in  CF 4 /  H 2 Plasmas (1992)

Reactive ion etching in of silicon nitride deposited by either plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) or low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) has been studied. The steady‐state etch behavior of the two kinds of silicon nitride is very similar, e.g. the dependence of the nitride etch rate on the fraction in the gas mixture. However, in situ ellipsometry shows that silicon nitride formed by PECVD exhibits a much greater and longer initial etch transient (≈110 s) than LPCVD (≈20 s) if gas mixtures with a high proportion of are used. The strong etch rate transient seen for PECVD limits the ability to stop abruptly on this material relative to that of LPCVD .
Intra-Articular Hydrocortisone Acetate in the Interphalangeal and Metacarpophalangeal Joints of the Fingers (1958)

SummaryA series of 37 proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers and 10 metacarpophalangeal joints have been treated by injection of hydrocortisone acetate. A good result was obtained in 29 of the former and 9 of the latter. The results were examined in the light of clinical and radiographic features. It was noted that all joints with marked periarticular swelling responded well. It did not seem to influence the result whether the injection was intra-articular or periarticular. It is concluded that this is a useful form of treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis where the activity is confined to a few of these joints.
Tyzzer's Disease of Rabbits: Isolation and Propagation of <i>Bacillus piliformis</i> (Tyzzer) in Embryonated Eggs (1971)

Bacillus piliformis (Tyzzer) was isolated from the liver of rabbits with Tyzzer's disease and serially passaged in embryonated hens' eggs. Weanling rabbits given the 32nd egg passage developed lesions typical of Tyzzer's disease and died. B. piliformis was reisolated from the liver of these rabbits in embryonated eggs. Outside the host cell, the motile vegetative phase appeared to be unstable, and no means was found to preserve its viability; the results of titrations were believed to be dependent upon the resistant stage or spore. The spore withstood repeated freeze and thaw and was resistant to heat treatment of 56 C for 1 hr but not 80 C for 0.5 hr. None of several antibacterial substances tested in embryonated eggs was completely inhibitory; B. piliformis was resistant to sulfamethazine and chloramphenicol. The taxonomic position of this pleomorphic, gram-negative, sporeforming, pathogenic bacterium which appears to grow only in certain cells of several species remains unresolved.
Converging influences from visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices onto output neurons of the superior colliculus (1993)

1. Physiological methods were used to examine the pattern of inputs from different sensory cortices onto individual superior colliculus neurons. 2. Visual, auditory, and somatosensory influences from anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES) and visual influences from lateral suprasylvian (LS) cortex were found to converge onto individual multisensory neurons in the cat superior colliculus. An excellent topographic relationship was found between the different sensory cortices and their target neurons in the superior colliculus. 3. Corticotectal inputs were derived solely from unimodal neurons. Multisensory neurons in AES and LS were not antidromically activated from the superior colliculus. 4. Orthodromic and antidromic latencies were consistent with monosynaptic corticotectal inputs arising from LS and the three subdivisions of AES (SIV, Field AES, and AEV). 5. Superior colliculus neurons that received convergent cortical inputs formed a principal component of the tecto-reticulospinal tract. Thus there appears to be extensive cortical control over the output neurons through which the superior colliculus mediates attentive and orientation behaviors. 6. Two other multisensory circuits were identified. A population of multisensory superior colliculus neurons was found, which neither received convergent cortical input nor projected into the tecto-reticulo-spinal tract. In addition, multisensory neurons in AES and LS proved to be independent of the superior colliculus (i.e., they were not corticotectal). While it is likely that these three distinct multisensory neural circuits have different functional roles, their constituent neurons appear to integrate their various sensory inputs in much the same way.
White light-emitting diodes using thermally and photochemically stable fluorescent silica nanoparticles as color-converters (2013)

Trialkoxysilyl terminal groups were directly introduced into fluorescent organic dye molecules by consecutive allylation and hydrosilation reactions; the derivatized dye molecules were then successfully embedded into silica nanoparticles by the Stöber method. Those fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNPs) had emission colors corresponding to each fluorescent organic dye used (yellowish-green and red) and showed excellent thermal and photochemical stabilities. A white light-emitting diode (WLED) was fabricated by combining the FSNP/silicone encapsulant composite incorporated with FSNPs having yellowish-green and red emission with a blue InGaN LED (BLED). The resulting three-color RGB FSNP-LED exhibited a good color rendering index (CRI), Ra 86.7, at the correlated color temperature of 5452.6 K and CIE coordinates of (0.3334, 0.3360), indicating that the combination of highly fluorescent silica nanoparticles with LEDs can offer a promising solution for white light sources with high color rendering properties.
Efficient and Robust Detection of GFSK Signals under Dispersive Channel, Modulation Index, and Carrier Frequency Offset Conditions (2005)

Gaussian frequency shift keying is the modulation scheme specified for Bluetooth. Signal adversities typical in Bluetooth networks include AWGN, multipath propagation, carrier frequency, and modulation index offsets. In our effort to realise a robust but efficient Bluetooth receiver, we adopt a high-performance matched-filter-based detector, which is near optimal in AWGN, but requires a prohibitively costly filter bank for processing of bits worth of the received signal. However, through filtering over a single bit period and performing phase propagation of intermediate results over successive single-bit stages, we eliminate redundancy involved in providing the matched filter outputs and reduce its complexity by up to 90% (for ). The constant modulus signal characteristic and the potential for carrier frequency offsets make the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) suitable for channel equalisation, and we demonstrate its effectiveness in this paper. We also introduce a stochastic gradient-based algorithm for carrier frequency offset correction, and show that the relative rotation between successive intermediate filter outputs enables us to detect and correct offsets in modulation index.
Tools for characterizing the whole‐cell bio‐oxidation of alkanes at microscale (2012)

This article describes the first reported microwell whole-cell bioconversion using a water immiscible substrate that matches the specific activity and yield achieved in a 1.2 L stirred tank bioreactor. Maximum yields of 0.6 g/L(total) 1-dodecanol achieved in 24 h compare favorably to 0.28 g/L(total) 1-dodecanol after 48 h obtained in a stirred tank reactor. Using the microwell platform we present a rapid and systematic approach to identify the key bottlenecks in the bio-oxidation of long-chain alkanes using Escherichia coli expressing the alkane hydroxylase (alkB) complex. The results indicate that mass transfer rates limit productivity in the n-dodecane bio-oxidation system, rather than inherent enzyme activity. Furthermore, substrate solubility, oxygen availability and glucose concentration act cooperatively to affect the amount of by-product, dodecanoic acid. Optimizing these factors using response surface methodology enabled specific yields of 1-dodecanol to increase eightfold and overoxidation to dodecanoic acid to be reduced from 95% to 55%. This resulted in specific activities of 10.4 µmol/min/g(dcw) on n-dodecane; approximately 50% of the 21 µmol/min/g(dcw) obtained with n-octane. For the first time, this in vivo rate difference is within the range reported for the purified enzyme. Finally, the results obtained also provide strong evidence that the mechanism of E. coli interaction with alkanes is mainly via uptake of alkanes dissolved in the aqueous phase rather than by direct cell-droplet contact.
Artificial Life Gets Real as Scientists Meet in Japan (1996)

The mathematicians and computer scientists who form the core of artificial-life enthusiasts have long thought that their evolution-inspired computer techniques can model reality—and even create it. Their enthusiasm was much in evidence at A-Life V, held 16 to 18 May in Nara, Japan, where 500 attendees heard about efforts to evolve useful circuit designs and a model of runaway sexual selection. Computers/Math