gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of acute systemic inflammation on the interplay between sad mood and affective cognition (2017)

Experimental endotoxemia is a translational model to study inflammatory mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders including depression. Disturbed affective cognition constitutes a core aspect in depression, but has never been studied in the context of inflammation. We combined experimental endotoxemia with an established experimental mood induction procedure to assess the interaction between acute inflammation and sad mood and their effects on affective cognition. In this randomized cross-over study, N = 15 healthy males received endotoxin (0.8 ng/kg lipopolysaccharide iv) on one study day and placebo an otherwise identical study day. The affective Go/Nogo task was conducted after experimental induction of neutral and sad mood. Inflammatory markers were assessed hourly. Endotoxin application induced a transient systemic inflammation, characterized by increased leukocyte counts, TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 plasma concentrations (all p < 0.01, interaction effects). Mood induction led to greater sadness ratings, with highest ratings when sad mood was induced during inflammation (p < 0.05, interaction effect). Based on a 2 (endotoxin vs. placebo) × 2 (sad vs. neutral mood) × 2 (sad vs. happy Go/Nogo target words) factorial design, we observed a significant target × endotoxin condition interaction (p < 0.01) reflecting slower responses to sad targets during endotoxemia. Additionally, we found a valence × mood interaction (p < 0.05), reflecting slower reaction times to sad targets in sad mood. In summary, acute inflammation and sad mood are risk factors for disturbed affective cognition. The results may reflect a mood-congruency effect, with prolonged and sustained processing of mood-congruent information during acute inflammation, which may contribute to depression risk.
Ferroelectric liquid crystal modulator using twisted smectic structure (1992)

We describe an electro-optic modulator using ferroelectric liquid crystal. A smectic C* material with a 45° tilt angle is sandwiched between two glass plates with buffing directions perpendicular to each other. This produces a twisted smectic structure in absence of an electric field. When used with polarizers, the twisted structure can be electrically distorted to produce optical modulation on a sub-millisecond time scale using less than 1 V/μm.
Stability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibodies in whole blood dried on filter paper and stored under various tropical conditions in Kinshasa, Zaire (1992)

The use of whole-blood spots on filter paper for the detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was evaluated during a 20-week period under a variety of storage environments simulating the harsh tropical field conditions in Kinshasa, Zaire. During the first 6 weeks of storage, all replicates of high- and low-titer HIV-1-positive reference samples remained positive by enzyme immunoassay and Western blotting (immunoblotting), and all replicates of HIV-1-negative samples remained negative under all storage conditions. However, hot and humid storage conditions for up to 20 weeks caused a progressive decline in enzyme immunoassay optical density ratio values, which was particularly noticeable in samples with a low HIV-1 antibody titer. Harsh tropical operational conditions did not cause any repeatedly false-positive results during the 20-week storage period. The use of gas-impermeable bags with desiccant for the storage of blood spots on filter paper improved the stability of HIV-1 antibody detection over time and is recommended for the storage of whole-blood spots on filter paper in harsh tropical field settings.
Current concepts in carnitine research (1992)

PART I: Introduction (A.Lee Carter, Ph.D.). Acyl Carnitine: Function and Enzymology (Loren L. Bieber, Ph.D.). Carnitine and Valproate (Timothy Bohan, M.D.). Biochemical Properties of Propionyl Carnitine and Isovaleryl-Carnitine (Noris Silliprandi, M.D., Ph.D.). Metabolic Fate of Dietary Carnitine in Humans (Charles J. Rebouche, Ph.D.). PART II: Introduction (A. Lee Carter, Ph.D.). Carnitine in Food Animal Production (G. Larry Newton, Ph.D.). Carnitine - Alcohol Interaction in Mammalian Systems (Dileep S. Sachan, Ph.D.). Designing Active-Site Probes of Carnitine Acyltransferases: Potentially Potent Regulators of Lipid Metabolism (Richard D. Gandour, Ph.D.). Sites of Action of Carnitine: An Overview (Irving B. Fitz, Ph.D.) PART III: Introduction (Loren L. Bieber, Ph.D.). Newer Insights into the Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase Enzyme System (J. Dennis McGarry, Ph.D.). Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase (Charles Hoppell, M.D.). Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferases: How Many and How to Discriminate (Shri V. Pande, Ph.D.). Clinical Deficiencies of CPT (J.M. Saudubray, M.D.). PART IV: Introduction (Ann Willbrand, Ph.D.). Carnitine and Myocardial Function (Mary Ella Pierpont, M.D.). Carnitine Deficiency and the Diabetic Heart (Dennis J. Paulson, Ph.D). Effects of Carnitine and Carnitine Acyltransferase Inhibition on Energy Substrate Utilization in the Intact Heart (Gary D. Lopaschuk, Ph.D.). Additional Areas of Carnitine Research (A. Lee Carter, Ph.D.).
Simultaneous temperature and strain measurement based on arc-induced long-period fiber gratings (2005)

A compact sensor able to discriminate between temperature and strain related effects was implemented. The proposed sensing head comprises a single long-period grating with two sections written consecutively in the SMF-28 fiber, by the electric arc discharge technique, using different fabrication parameters. The sensor performance is based on the distinct temperature and strain sensitivity values presented by two neighbor resonances belonging to each grating section. The temperature and strain resolutions are ± 0.1 °C and ± 40 με, respectively.
Folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine in relation to birth defects and pregnancy outcome (2001)

Increased folate intake reduces the risk of neural tube defects, other malformations and also possibly, pregnancy complications. Increasing evidence suggests that the beneficial effect of folate may be related to improved function of methionine synthase, a vitamin B12-dependent enzyme that converts homocysteine to methionine. In India, the majority of the population adheres to a vegetarian diet known to be deficient in vitamin B12. In such a population, increased folate intake may offer minimal protection against birth defects, whereas vitamin B12 administration should be considered. In this review, is described the metabolism of and interrelations between folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine. This is followed by a brief discussion of some of the proposed mechanisms for their biological effects in relation to birth defects and pregnancy outcome.
XPath Query Simplification with regard to the Elimination of Intersect and Except Operators (2006)

XPath is widely used as an XML query language and is embedded in XQuery expressions and in XSLT stylesheets. In this paper, we propose a rule set which logically simplifies XPath queries by using a heuristic method in order to improve the processing time. Furthermore, we show how to substitute the XPath 2.0 intersect and except operators in a given XPath query with computed filter expressions. A performance evaluation comparing the execution times of the original XPath queries, which contain the intersect and except operators, and of the queries that are the result of our simplification approach shows that, depending on the used query evaluator and on the original query, performance improvements of a factor of up to 350 are possible.
Portable, X-Y translating, infrared microscope for remote inspection of photovoltaic solar arrays (2014)

The prevalent physical defect found in terrestrial photovoltaic modules during manufacture and field exposure has been the cracked solar cell. Cells can become cracked during handling, because of thermal mismatch in their encapsulation packages, or due to environmental phenomena such as hail. A device is described which can be used remotely to locate cracked silicon solar cells in photovoltaic modules. This solar-cell inspection device can be used either in the laboratory for quality assurance and failure analysis evaluation or at array fields to monitor cracked-cell occurrence. It consists of: (a) an infrared microscope that operates at 1.0 micron, uses darkfield illumination, has a relatively large field of view (3.0 in.), has low system magnification (5X to 15X), and has a video display output; (b) a portable X-Y translator that is capable of moving the microscope over an 8 ft. x 8 ft. area; and (c) a console that allows remote instrument control and visual inspection of modules or arrays (up to 500 ft). This system presently is undergoing laboratory and field testing as part of the DOE-sponsored MIT Lincoln Laboratory Solar Photovoltiac Residential Project.
Manual choice reaction times in the rate-domain (2014)

Over the last 150 years, human manual reaction times (RTs) have been recorded countless times. Yet, our understanding of them remains remarkably poor. RTs are highly variable with positively skewed frequency distributions, often modeled as an inverse Gaussian distribution reflecting a stochastic rise to threshold (diffusion process). However, latency distributions of saccades are very close to the reciprocal Normal, suggesting that "rate" (reciprocal RT) may be the more fundamental variable. We explored whether this phenomenon extends to choice manual RTs. We recorded two-alternative choice RTs from 24 subjects, each with 4 blocks of 200 trials with two task difficulties (easy vs. difficult discrimination) and two instruction sets (urgent vs. accurate). We found that rate distributions were, indeed, very close to Normal, shifting to lower rates with increasing difficulty and accuracy, and for some blocks they appeared to become left-truncated, but still close to Normal. Using autoregressive techniques, we found temporal sequential dependencies for lags of at least 3. We identified a transient and steady-state component in each block. Because rates were Normal, we were able to estimate autoregressive weights using the Box-Jenkins technique, and convert to a moving average model using z-transforms to show explicit dependence on stimulus input. We also found a spatial sequential dependence for the previous 3 lags depending on whether the laterality of previous trials was repeated or alternated. This was partially dissociated from temporal dependency as it only occurred in the easy tasks. We conclude that 2-alternative choice manual RT distributions are close to reciprocal Normal and not the inverse Gaussian. This is not consistent with stochastic rise to threshold models, and we propose a simple optimality model in which reward is maximized to yield to an optimal rate, and hence an optimal time to respond. We discuss how it might be implemented.
The fibronectin-derived anti-adhesive peptide III14-2 suppresses adhesion and apoptosis of leukemic cell lines through down-regulation of protein-tyrosine phosphorylation. (2000)

We previously found that fibronectin (FN) has a cryptic functional site (YTIYVIAL, #1848-1855) opposing to cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM). The present study demonstrates that the FN peptide containing this anti-adhesive site, termed peptide III14-2, affects programmed cell death (PCD) (apoptosis) as well as cell adhesion by down-regulating protein-tyrosine phosphorylation. Peptide III14-2 suppressed the integrin alpha5beta1-mediated adhesion of leukemic cell lines (K562 and HL60), and protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, 1 microM phenylarsine oxide (PAO) blocked the anti-adhesive effect of peptide III14-2. These leukemic cells underwent PCD when exposed to PAO at the higher concentration (5 microM), as judged by nuclear and DNA fragmentations, and which was reversed by tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. Peptide III14-2 suppressed the PAO-induced PCD, whereas a control peptide in which the anti-adhesive sequence YTIYVIAL is scrambled, was inactive. Western blotting showed that PAO stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins including focal adhesion kinase and that peptide III14-2 inhibited them, suggesting that protein-tyrosine phosphorylation represents a common early signal for the adhesion and PCD. The anti-adhesive site of FN molecule may play a crucial role also in a variety of cellular processes other than adhesion and PCD by down-regulating protein-tyrosine phosphorylation.
Secure routing based on the neighbor table in wireless sensor networks (2010)

In this paper, we build a secure and energy-efficient tree-structure route for the large-sized wireless sensor networks with only a resource-constrained sink node. Our proposed routing scheme has salient features: light overhead, quick formation, and immediate effectiveness. By constructing a neighbor table that contains the related key and energy information, the security and energy-efficiency of the route request message and the sensing data can be ensured adequately. We also adopt some effective energy-conserving measures, such as data aggregation, node sleep, sink move and parent reselection, etc., to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks.
Faecally Derived Hydrolytic Enzymes from <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i>: Physicochemical Characterisation of Potential Allergens (1991)

The previous findings that the group I and III mite allergens, and amylase present in mite faeces are hydrolytic enzymes has prompted a study to determine whether this material contains other enzymes which could be allergenic. Thus, spent growth medium devoid of whole Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mites was shown to contain glucoamylase, lipase and lysozyme in addition to the cysteine protease, serine protease and amylase activities associated with the above allergens, respectively. All of these enzymes are probably associated with mite digestive processes. They were rapidly solubilised, heterogeneous with regard to charge (pI in the range 4-8) and demonstrated maximum biochemical activity in the neutral pH range. Three serine proteases were detected and comprised a chymotrypsin-like, a trypsin-like and an unclassified enzyme with pI of 4.1 and 5.3, 8.5 and 7.1, respectively. Only one cysteine protease was observed, which paralleled immunochemically identified Der p I in a variety of assays. It was shown to cleave at lysyl residues and could be inhibited by the specific cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64. The remaining serine proteases, glucoamylase, lipase and lysozyme represent potential allergens.
<title>Laser And Millimeter-Wave Backscatter Of Transmission Cables</title> (1982)

Radar cross sections (RCS) of power line cables were calculated and measured at four mm-wave frequencies (18, 34, 56, and 94 GHz) and two laser wavelengths (10.6 and 1.06 pm) as a function of aspect angle. Three polarizations were considered: horizontal (HH), vertical (VV), and cross polarization (HV). Dry and wet cable conditions were simulated, and differing roughnesses were considered. The calculated and measured results are presented in this paper.
Regulation of NF-κB function (2006)

In the 20 years since its discovery, research into the NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) family of transcription factors has revealed an amazing diversity of functions. NF-kappaB proteins are regulators of the immune, inflammatory, stress, proliferative and apoptotic responses of a cell to a very large number of different stimuli. NF-kappaB complexes can be found in all cell types, indicating that the number of different contexts in which NF-kappaB can become induced is enormous. Moreover, many reports suggest apparently opposing or contradictory functions for NF-kappaB. It is clear that it is not simply enough to understand the pathways leading to nuclear localization and DNA binding of NF-kappaB subunits. It is also important that we comprehend the regulation of NF-kappaB subunit functionality if we are to understand the NF-kappaB pathway as a whole. These issues include the mechanisms controlling the specificity and timing of genes regulated by NF-kappaB under particular circumstances. They also include the reasons why NF-kappaB subunits can sometimes repress rather than activate transcription and how the NF-kappaB response is integrated with other important transcription factor pathways in the cell, such as the induction of the p53 tumour suppressor following DNA damage or oncogene activation. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate NF-kappaB function has important implications for our understanding of the role that NF-kappaB subunits play in human inflammatory diseases and cancer, and could also impact on the use of future NF-kappaB-based clinical therapies.
Development of a QA phantom and automated analysis tool for geometric quality assurance of on‐board MV and kV x‐ray imaging systems (2008)

The medical linear accelerator (linac) integrated with a kilovoltage (kV) flat-panel imager has been emerging as an important piece of equipment for image-guided radiation therapy. Due to the sagging of the linac head and the flexing of the robotic arms that mount the x-ray tube and flat-panel detector, geometric nonidealities generally exist in the imaging geometry no matter whether it is for the two-dimensional projection image or three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography. Normally, the geometric parameters are established during the commissioning and incorporated in correction software in respective image formation or reconstruction. A prudent use of an on-board imaging system necessitates a routine surveillance of the geometric accuracy of the system like the position of the x-ray source, imager position and orientation, isocenter, rotation trajectory, and source-to-imager distance. Here we describe a purposely built phantom and a data analysis software for monitoring these important parameters of the system in an efficient and automated way. The developed tool works equally well for the megavoltage (MV) electronic portal imaging device and hence allows us to measure the coincidence of the isocenters of the MV and kV beams of the linac. This QA tool can detect an angular uncertainty of 0.1 degrees of the x-ray source. For spatial uncertainties, such as the source position, the imager position, or the kV/MV isocenter misalignment, the demonstrated accuracy of this tool was better than 1.6 mm. The developed tool provides us with a simple, robust, and objective way to probe and monitor the geometric status of an imaging system in a fully automatic process and facilitate routine QA workflow in a clinic.
Imaging the adrenal glands with radiolabeled inhibitors of enzymes: concise communication. (1978)

Although radioiodinated cholesterols furnished the first noninvasive imaging of the adrenal glands, it would be desirable to decrease the time for imaging and decrease the radiation dose. The relative tissue distributions of two radiolabeled enzyme inhibitors [3H] metyrapol and I-125-SKF-12185 were studied in dogs and man. Their percentage uptakes and target-to-nontarget ratios were similar. The adrenals of three dogs were imaged sharply at 2 hr after injection with 4--6 mCi of I-131-SKF-12185, confirmed by subsequent imaging with 1 mCi of I-131-6-beta-19-nor cholesterol at 5 days after injection. The use of 1 mCi of I-123-SKF will permit imaging of the adrenals in 1--2 hr and will decrease the radiation dose in the human to 0.76 rads to the adrenal, 0.18 rads to the ovaries and 1.7 rads to the liver.
TFAN: A low complexity 3D mesh compression algorithm (2009)

This paper proposes a novel approach for mono-resolution 3D mesh compression, called TFAN (Triangle Fan-based compression). TFAN treats in a unified manner meshes of arbitrary topologies, i.e., man...
The White Dwarf Cooling Sequence of the Globular Cluster Messier 4 (2002)

We present the white dwarf sequence of the globular cluster M4, based on a 123 orbit Hubble Space Telescope exposure, with a limiting magnitude of V~30 and I~28. The white dwarf luminosity function rises sharply for >25.5, consistent with the behavior expected for a burst population. The white dwarfs of M4 extend to approximately 2.5 mag fainter than the peak of the local Galactic disk white dwarf luminosity function. This demonstrates a clear and significant age difference between the Galactic disk and the halo globular cluster M4. Using the same standard white dwarf models to fit each luminosity function yields ages of 7.3+/-1.5 Gyr for the disk and 12.7+/-0.7 Gyr for M4 (2 sigma statistical errors). Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. These observations are associated with proposal GO-8679.
Hydrophobic-induced surface reorganization: molecular dynamics simulations of water nanodroplets on perfluorocarbon self-assembled monolayers (2010)

We carried out molecular dynamics simulations of water droplets on self-assembled monolayers of perfluorocarbon molecules. The interactions between the water droplet and the hydrophobic fluorocarbon surface were studied by systematically changing the molecular surface coverage and the mobility of the tethered head groups of the surface chain molecules. The microscopic contact angles were determined for different fluorocarbon surface densities. The contact angle at a nanometer length scale does not show a large change with the surface density. The structure of the droplets was studied by looking at the water density profiles and water penetration near the hydrophobic surface. At surface densities near close packed coverage of fluorocarbons, the water density shows an oscillating pattern near the boundary with a robust layered structure. As the surface density decreased and more water molecules penetrated into the fluorocarbon surface, the ordering of the water molecules at the boundary became less pronounced and the layered density structure became diffuse. The water droplet is found to induce the interfacial surface molecules to rearrange and form unique topological structures that minimize the unfavorable water-surface contacts. The local density of the fluorocarbon molecules right below the water droplet is measured to be higher than the density outside the droplet. The density difference increases as the overall surface density decreases. Two different surface morphologies emerge from the water-induced surface reorganization over the range of surface coverage explored in the study. For surface densities near closed packed monolayer coverage, the height of the fluorocarbons is maximum at the center of the droplet and minimum at the water-vapor-surface triple junction, generating a convex surface morphology under the droplet. For lower surface densities, on the other hand, the height of the fluorocarbon surface becomes maximal at and right outside the water-vapor-surface contact line and decreases quickly towards the center of the droplet, forming a concave shape of the surface. The interplay between the fluorocarbon packing and the water molecules is found to have profound consequences in many aspects of surface-water interactions, including water depletion and penetration, hydrogen bonding, and surface morphologies.
Deterministic Algorithms for ATPG under Leakage Constraints (2009)

Measuring the steady state leakage current (IDDQ) is very successful in detecting faults not discovered by standard fault models. But vector dependencies of IDDQ decrease the resolution. We propose deterministic ATPG algorithms to create test vectors within predefined leakage ranges. Even when random pattern generation does not find test vectors, the proposed algorithms identify vectors within the desired range. Experimental results confirm that leakage constraints are effectively handled during test pattern generation without decreasing fault coverage.