gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Programming and Graph Algorithms in Computer Vision (2010)

Optimization is a powerful paradigm for expressing and solving problems in a wide range of areas, and has been successfully applied to many vision problems. Discrete optimization techniques are especially interesting since, by carefully exploiting problem structure, they often provide nontrivial guarantees concerning solution quality. In this paper, we review dynamic programming and graph algorithms, and discuss representative examples of how these discrete optimization techniques have been applied to some classical vision problems. We focus on the low-level vision problem of stereo, the mid-level problem of interactive object segmentation, and the high-level problem of model-based recognition.
Tamper Detection in RFID Tags using Fragile Watermarking (2006)

Security and privacy are one of the two primary concerns with RFID (radio frequency identification) adoption. While the mainstream RFID research is focused on solving the privacy issues, this paper focuses on security issues in general and data tampering in particular. We specifically consider the issue of detecting data tampering on the RFID tags for applications such as data integrity management. To address this issue, we present a novel fragile watermarking scheme, which embeds a fragile watermark (or pattern) in the serial number partition of the RFID tag. This pattern is verified to identify whether or not the data on the RFID tags has been tampered with. The novelty of this watermarking scheme lies in the fact that we have applied watermarking technology to RFID tags; in comparison, most of the existing watermarking schemes are limited to images, or audio or video applications. We term this scheme TamDetect because it is a tamper detection solution. TamDetect is designed such that it can be easily plugged into existing RFID middleware applications. This proposal is one of the first works that integrates watermarking and RFID technologies together. This paper provides a detailed theoretical foundation for the TamDetect solution.
Effects of a low-power He-Ne laser on the healing of experimental colon anastomoses: our experience (1992)

Despite technical advances, the incidence of anastomotic leaks in elective colorectal surgery remains around 14%. Recent studies suggest that the use of low-energy lasers may enhance wound healing in different tissues in a selective, nondestructive manner. Based on these findings we have attempted to provide experimental background on the effects of a He-Ne laser during the early stages of healing in 155 colonic anastomoses performed on rats. The irradiation (external or endoscopical) ofthe anastomoses by repeated doses below 4 J/cm<sup>2</sup> suggest (1) the laser-induced enhancement of anastomotic healing can be obtained in both healthy colons or in situations in which anastomotic breakdown is more likely, such as colonic obstruction; (2) the photochemical effects observed can be transmitted through optic fibers; (3) energy densities above the range of 4 J/cm<sup>2</sup> show no benefit in wound-healing stimulation.
Chemistry of N-halo compounds. XXV. Regiospecific synthesis of unsymmetrical azoxy compounds (diazene N-oxides) (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of N-halo compounds. XXV. Regiospecific synthesis of unsymmetrical azoxy compounds (diazene N-oxides)Victor Nelson, Arthur Serianz, and Peter KovacicCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 10, 1751–1754Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00872a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (558 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
On Atomic Properties which make an Element a Metal (1927)

A criterion for determining when an element will show metallic conductivity.---From the dielectric constant of a gas or from its refractive index, extrapolated to long wave-lengths, the molar refractivity $R$ can be calculated. In the solid or liquid state we have $\frac{({n}^{2}\ensuremath{-}1)}{({n}^{2}+2)}=\frac{\mathrm{Rd}}{M}$. The left side cannot be larger than 1. If the right side becomes larger than 1, the dispersion electron is set free and the body then has metallic conductivity. The necessary and sufficient condition for metallic conductivity is therefore $R>\frac{M}{d}$. The prediction is verified in the case of metals for which the refractive index is known or for which it can be calculated. It is shown that the condition is probably satisfied in the case of metals for which the refractive index cannot be calculated with certainty. The conductivity of sodium dissolved in liquid ammonia is discussed.
A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Trial Evaluating a New Hemostatic Agent for Spinal Surgery (2001)

A significantly larger number of bleeding sites had achieved hemostasis with Proceed than with Gelfoam-thrombin at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after application. Proceed was as safe as Gelfoam-thrombin when used for hemostasis during spinal surgery procedures.
A Comparison of Machine Learning with Human Judgment (1993)

:This paper compares human judgment with machine learning in a check processing context. An experiment was conducted comparing teams of subjects with three commercially available machine learning algorithms: recursive partitioning, ID3, and a back-propagation neural network. Also, the statistical technique discriminant analysis was compared. The subjects were allowed to induce rules from historical data under ideal human conditions, such as adequate time and opportunity to sort the data as desired. The results on multiple holdout samples indicate that human judgment, recursive partitioning, and the ID3 algorithm were equally accurate and more accurate than a back-propagation neural network. Subjects who chose mixed strategies of judgment were more accurate than those using noncompensatory strategies, while no subjects chose compensatory strategies. Large decision trees were not more accurate than smaller ones. There appeared to be a time threshold for humans to form accurate decision rules. Holdout sample accuracy tended to increase with primary sample accuracy. 103 built larger trees than did either humans or recursive partitioning. The conclusion of this research is that the knowledge engineer faced with available historical data concerning a classification problem should not waste his time discerning rules, since he will only take longer and be no more accurate than a good learning tool. Knowledge of these tools will be the requisite skill for the knowledge engineer of the 1990s. Implications for IS design and further research are discussed.
Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Minimally Processed Methanol in a Diesel Engine Without Ignition Assist (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Mixtures of methanol, water and heavier alcohols, simulating “raw’ methanol at various levels of processing, were tested in a constant volume combustion apparatus (CVCA) and in a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine. The ignition characteristics determined in the CVCA indicated that the heavier alcohols have beneficial effects on the auto-ignition quality of the fuels, as compared to pure methanol. Water, at up up to 10 percent by volume, has little effect on the ignition quality. In all cases, however, the cetane numbers of the alcohol mixtures were very low.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The same fuels were tested in a single cylinder engine, set-up in a configuration similar to current two-valve DI engines, except that the compression ratio was increased to 19:1. Pure methanol and five different blends of alcohols and water were tested in the engine at five different speed-load conditions. The engine was operated at conditions simulating turbocharging with no intercooling, so that the inlet air temperatures were in the range of 120-145° C. It was possible to achieve auto-ignition on all of the fuels at all five test conditions. The smoke emissions were very low on all fuels at all operating conditions. In addition, the hydrocarbon and nitric oxide emissions were equivalent to the corresponding data for diesel fuel at high load, and higher than the diesel fuel data at light load. There were no systematic differences between the fuels or with neat methanol so that it appears that both the water and the heavier alcohols have little impact on the combustion of the methanol.</div>
The impact of beamforming and coordination on spectrum pooling in mmWave cellular networks (2016)

Spectrum pooling is not typically used in current cellular networks, because it only provides a slight performance improvement while requiring heavy coordination among different cellular operators. However, these problems can be potentially overcome in millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks, thanks to the use of beamforming both at base stations and at user equipments. In this paper, we develop a joint beamforming and cell association optimization problem to characterize the performance gain that can be obtained when spectrum pooling is used, as a function of the underlying beamforming and coordination strategies. Our performance analysis reveals that beamforming can substantially reduce the need for coordination and simplify the implementation of spectrum pooling. These benefits are more prominent at higher mmWave frequencies (for example, 73 GHz) due to the possibility of having antenna arrays with more elements within the radome. The results of this paper provides useful insights on the feasibility of spectrum pooling at mmWave networks.
The Rise and Fall of Buckeye v. Buckeye, 1931-1959: Marital Immunity for Torts in Conflict of Laws (1962)

No w is we &ffxd than dte art of good gvemnm and at the fown&fim of pmaewm good govermwnt wst be lid the wscvoidab& affic dt md iwite science of the law.Lf those who realize this are to lead, it is nem that they clear the minds of befoggim suenrtions, mvst#yi dogw, amd dw
A Digitally Controlled Color Television Camera (1970)

Today's trend toward extensive on-the-spot live color broadcasting of news and sports events has pointed up the need for a highly mobile studio-performance color camera. Approximately two and a half years ago a system design was formulated with prime consideration given to the requirement for a compact, rugged, lightweight camera that would be highly mobile and still maintain the high performance and operational features of the studio-type camera. Its small size and light weight were made possible by improved circuit design and new state-of-the-art components and construction techniques. The following items were of particular importance in reducing the size and weight of the system: a 1-in broadcast quality Plumbicon pickup tube; a small-size, lightweight lens with elements of higher light transmission; specialized integrated and thick-film hybrid circuits; computer-type digital control circuits; high-density multi-layer printed circuit cards; and multiplexing techniques enabling the use of triaxial cable
The Effect of Arvin Upon Cardiac Function (1969)

Arvin, a therapeutic agent which prevents clotting by means of controlled defibrination, was evaluated in five dogs in conjunction with long-term fiberoptic hemodynamic monitoring. Cage-tipped catheters remained free of fibrin clot for more than 18 hr during which time no significant bleeding was noted from cutdown sites. Arvin did not cause any significant changes in left ventricular function, both tension generating and velocity shortening attributes remaining unchanged.
Duration of tick attachment and Borrelia burgdorferi transmission (1987)

Nymphal Ixodes dammini transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi to 1 of 14 rodents exposed for 24 h, 5 of 14 rodents exposed for 48 h, and 13 of 14 rodents exposed for greater than or equal to 72 h. Prompt removal of attached ticks is a prudent public health measure, especially in regions where Lyme disease is endemic.
Revisiting the most probable pore-size distribution in filter media: The gamma distribution (1998)

The mathematical statement of the “most probable” pore-size distribution describes the results of a mechanical model of random lines, the intersections of which define different size polygons, from which one sees a number (frequency) distribution of pore diameters. The most probable distribution is in fact a gamma distribution, in which the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, the coefficient of variation, cv, is 1√ 2, no matter the size of the average pore. In turn, the cv of the frequency distribution of the cross-sectional areas of the pores (and thus volumes) versus diameters is 1√ 3, and the cv of the frequency distribution of laminar fluid flow versus diameter is 1√ 5. These relationships hold for a bed of random particles as well as a bed of random fibres. The actual value of the averaged flow diameter is reached via measurements of permeability and porosity. Porosity refers to the ratio of void volume to bulk volume. Permeability refers to the relationships between (1) the ratio of fluid-approach velocity to driving pressure, (2) the viscosity of the fluid, and (3) the thickness of the medium.
Widely tunable continuous-wave THz laser (1999)

We present experimental results on continuous-wave generation of THz radiation by strained Ge and a theoretical model for population inversion of carriers giving rise to the stimulated THz emission. Resonant acceptor states induced by strain and resonance hole scattering under applied electric field are necessary for the inversion.
Naming, Migration, and Replication for NFSv4 (2006)

In this paper, we discuss a global name space for NFSv4 and mechanisms for transparent migration and replication. By convention, any file or directory name beginning with /nfs on an NFS client is part of this shared global name space. Our system supports file system migration and replication through DNS resolution, provides directory migration and replication using builtin NFSv4 mechanisms, and supports read/write replication with precise consistency guarantees, small performance penalty, and good scaling. We implement these features with small extensions to the published NFSv4 protocol, and demonstrate a practical way to enhance network transparency and administerability of NFSv4 in wide area networks.
A reusable implosive seismic source for midwater or seafloor use (2006)

Abstract We have developed a new implosive seismic or acoustic source for seafloor or midwater use. The fact that this device does not use pyrotechnics simplifies logistic and permitting problems. It produces relatively little high-frequency output, so it is wildlife friendly. This device enables us to place the source nearer to the image target compared to surface sources, which thus increases resolution. The simple 20-l version we have constructed must be reset after each use by bringing it to the sea surface. We present measurements of seafloor shear velocity at a depth of about 1 km in the San Diego Trough. There the surficial shear velocity is 16m/s, and the gradient is about 10s−1.
Smart Card Packaging Process Control System (2012)

With the introduction of the influenza specific neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) in 1999, there were concerns about the emergence and spread of resistant viruses in the community setting. Surveillance and testing of community isolates for their susceptibility to the NAIs was initially carried out by the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network (NISN) and has subsequently been taken on by the global WHO influenza network laboratories. During the NISN surveillance, we identified two Yamagata lineage influenza B viruses with amino acid substitutions of H134Y (B/Auckland/2/2001) or W438R (B/Yokohama/12/2005) which had slightly elevated IC<sub>50</sub> values for zanamivir and/or oseltamivir, but not sufficiently to be characterized as mild outliers at the time. As it has now been well demonstrated that mixed populations can mask the true magnitude of resistance of a mutant, we re-examined both of these isolates by plaque purification to see if the true susceptibilities were being masked due to mixed populations. Results confirmed that the B/Auckland isolate contained both wild type and H134Y mutant populations, with mutant IC<sub>50</sub> values > 250 nM for both oseltamivir and peramivir in the enzyme inhibition assay. The B/Yokohama isolate also contained both wild type and W438R mutant populations, the latter now demonstrating IC<sub>50</sub> values > 400 nM for zanamivir, oseltamivir and peramivir. In addition, plaque purification of the B/Yokohama isolate identified viruses with other single neuraminidase substitutions H134Y, H134R, H431R, or T436P. H134R and H431R viruses had IC<sub>50</sub> values > 400 nM and >250 nM respectively against all three NAIs. All changes conferred much greater resistance to peramivir than to zanamivir, and less to oseltamivir, and affected the kinetics of binding and dissociation of the NAIs. Most affected affinity (K<sub>m</sub>) for the MUNANA substrate, but some had decreased while others had increased affinity. Despite resistance in the enzyme assay, no reduced susceptibility was seen in plaque reduction assays in MDCK cells for any of the mutant viruses. None of these substitutions was in the active site. Modelling suggests that these substitutions affect the 150 and 430-loop regions described for influenza A NAs, suggesting they may also be important for substrate and inhibitor binding for influenza B NAs.
Human iPS Cell Derivation/Reprogramming (2009)

This unit describes a protocol for deriving induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human fibroblast cells. Human fibroblast cells are infected with retroviral vectors expressing four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc) and selected for 3 to 4 weeks under human embryonic stem (hES) cell culture conditions. iPS cell colonies are mechanically isolated using a dissection microscope and handled like hES cells thereafter. Human iPS cells share similarities with hES cells including the expression of pluripotency genes, and differentiation as embryoid bodies in vitro into three germ layers (EB) and in vivo as teratomas.
Germanium Nanowire Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Fabricated by Complementary-Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor-Compatible Process (2010)

This work presents a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible top-down fabrication of Ge nanowires along with their integration into pMOSFETs with "HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /TaN" high-k/metal gate stacks. Lateral Ge wires down to 14 nm in diameter are achieved using a two-step dry etch process on a high-quality epitaxial Ge layer. To improve the interface quality between the Ge nanowire and the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , thermally grown GeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and epitaxial-Si shells are used as interlayers. Devices with a GeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> shell demonstrated excellent I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratios (>; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> ), whereas the epitaxial-Si shell was found to improve the field-effect mobility of the holes in Ge nanowires to 254 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> · s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> .
Dynamic deadlock verification for general barrier synchronisation (2015)

We present Armus, a dynamic verification tool for deadlock detection and avoidance specialised in barrier synchronisation. Barriers are used to coordinate the execution of groups of tasks, and serve as a building block of parallel computing. Our tool verifies more barrier synchronisation patterns than current state-of-the-art. To improve the scalability of verification, we introduce a novel event-based representation of concurrency constraints, and a graph-based technique for deadlock analysis. The implementation is distributed and fault-tolerant, and can verify X10 and Java programs. To formalise the notion of barrier deadlock, we introduce a core language expressive enough to represent the three most widespread barrier synchronisation patterns: group, split-phase, and dynamic membership. We propose a graph analysis technique that selects from two alternative graph representations: the Wait-For Graph, that favours programs with more tasks than barriers; and the State Graph, optimised for programs with more barriers than tasks. We prove that finding a deadlock in either representation is equivalent, and that the verification algorithm is sound and complete with respect to the notion of deadlock in our core language. Armus is evaluated with three benchmark suites in local and distributed scenarios. The benchmarks show that graph analysis with automatic graph-representation selection can record a 7-fold execution increase versus the traditional fixed graph representation. The performance measurements for distributed deadlock detection between 64 processes show negligible overheads.
Sushi.R: flexible, quantitative and integrative genomic visualizations for publication-quality multi-panel figures (2014)

Interpretation and communication of genomic data require flexible and quantitative tools to analyze and visualize diverse data types, and yet, a comprehensive tool to display all common genomic data types in publication quality figures does not exist to date. To address this shortcoming, we present Sushi.R, an R/Bioconductor package that allows flexible integration of genomic visualizations into highly customizable, publication-ready, multi-panel figures from common genomic data formats including Browser Extensible Data (BED), bedGraph and Browser Extensible Data Paired-End (BEDPE). Sushi.R is open source and made publicly available through GitHub (https://github.com/dphansti/Sushi) and Bioconductor (http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/Sushi.html).