gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Green, Red and Blue Light Emitting Diodes on Multiprotein Complex Proteins and Photosynthetic Activity under Different Light Intensities in Lettuce Leaves (Lactuca sativa L.) (2014)

The objective of this study was to investigate the response of light emitting diodes (LEDs) at different light intensities (70 and 80 for green LEDs, 88 and 238 for red LEDs and 80 and 238 μmol m-2 s-1 for blue LEDs) at three wavelengths in lettuce leaves. Lettuce leaves were exposed to (522 nm), red (639 nm) and blue (470 nm) LEDs of different light intensities. Thylakoid multiprotein complex proteins and photosynthetic metabolism were then investigated. Biomass and photosynthetic parameters increased with an increasing light intensity under blue LED illumination and decreased when illuminated with red and green LEDs with decreased light intensity. The expression of multiprotein complex proteins including PSII-core dimer and PSII-core monomer using blue LEDs illumination was higher at higher light intensity (238 μmol m-2 s-1) and was lowered with decreased light intensity (70-80 μmol m-2 s-1). The responses of chloroplast sub-compartment proteins, including those active in stomatal opening and closing, and leaf physiological responses at different light intensities, indicated induced growth enhancement upon illumination with blue LEDs. High intensity blue LEDs promote plant growth by controlling the integrity of chloroplast proteins that optimize photosynthetic performance in the natural environment.
Visual pattern-discrimination in the vertebrates -II. Comparative visual acuity in the dog, the monkey and the chick. (1914)

In an earlier paper 1 the present writer discussed the question of discrimination of visual detail in animals, in its bearing on other problems of vision, and on that of vision as a factor in evolutionary theories.In attacking experimentally the four elementary problems suggested in that paper, the first question to be settled is, how large must the pattern be, the degree of contrast being given, in order for the animal to distinguish the pattern from a plain field, having the same area, form, range of wave-lengths and luminous intensity as the field on which the pattern appears.This information is necessary before one may safely assume that two patterns to be discriminated one from the other, are both distinguishable as such.The "pattern to be distinguished from the plain field in the present work is simply a series of horizontal black and white striae of equal width with respect to each other, but whose absolute width may be varied by insensible gradations from invisibility to marked coarseness without changing any other stimulus-factor.The writer chose as subjects the dog, the monkey and the chick (Gallus domesticus).The choice was dictated partly by an interest in the relation between visual acuity and the structure of these different types of eyes, and partly by a desire to add further data to those already accumulated by other students in other problems of vision in these animals.The present work (on pattern-vision in general) promises to extend over a considerable period of time, and it seems best to publish the results in a series 1 " Visual Pattern-Discrimination in the Vertebrates."I.
Movement of regulatory <scp>RNA</scp> between animal cells (2015)

Recent studies suggest that RNA can move from one cell to another and regulate genes through specific base-pairing. Mechanisms that modify or select RNA for secretion from a cell are unclear. Secreted RNA can be stable enough to be detected in the extracellular environment and can enter the cytosol of distant cells to regulate genes. Mechanisms that import RNA into the cytosol of an animal cell can enable uptake of RNA from many sources including other organisms. This role of RNA is akin to that of steroid hormones, which cross cell membranes to regulate genes. The potential diagnostic use of RNA in human extracellular fluids has ignited interest in understanding mechanisms that enable the movement of RNA between animal cells. Genetic model systems will be essential to gain more confidence in proposed mechanisms of RNA transport and to connect an extracellular RNA with a specific biological function. Studies in the worm C. elegans and in other animals have begun to reveal parts of this novel mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. Here, I summarize the current state of this nascent field, highlight the many unknowns, and suggest future directions.
The pancreatic β-cell transcriptome and integrated-omics (2014)

http://links.lww.com/COE/A5.
Image Denoising Using Total Variation Model Guided by Steerable Filter (2014)

We propose an adaptive total variation (TV) model by introducing the steerable filter into the TV‐based diffusion process for image filtering. The local energy measured by the steerable filter can effectively characterize the object edges and ramp regions and guide the TV‐based diffusion process so that the new model behaves like the TV model at edges and leads to linear diffusion in flat and ramp regions. This way, the proposed model can provide a better image processing tool which enables noise removal, edge‐preserving, and staircase suppression.
The memory gap and the future of high performance memories (2001)

article Share on The memory gap and the future of high performance memories Author: Maurice V. Wilkes AT&T Research Laboratories - Cambridge, UK AT&T Research Laboratories - Cambridge, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture NewsVolume 29Issue 1March 2001 pp 2–7https://doi.org/10.1145/373574.373576Published:01 March 2001Publication History 54citation656DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations54Total Downloads656Last 12 Months40Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Interventional Therapies, Surgery, and Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation for Low Back Pain (2009)

In Brief Study Design. Clinical practice guideline. Objective. To develop evidence-based recommendations on use of interventional diagnostic tests and therapies, surgeries, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain of any duration, with or without leg pain. Summary of Background Data. Management of patients with persistent and disabling low back pain remains a clinical challenge. A number of interventional diagnostic tests and therapies and surgery are available and their use is increasing, but in some cases their utility remains uncertain or controversial. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation has also been proposed as a potentially effective noninvasive intervention for persistent and disabling low back pain. Methods. A multidisciplinary panel was convened by the American Pain Society. Its recommendations were based on a systematic review that focused on evidence from randomized controlled trials. Recommendations were graded using methods adapted from the US Preventive Services Task Force and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group. Results. Investigators reviewed 3348 abstracts. A total of 161 randomized trials were deemed relevant to the recommendations in this guideline. The panel developed a total of 8 recommendations. Conclusion. Recommendations on use of interventional diagnostic tests and therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation are presented. Due to important trade-offs between potential benefits, harms, costs, and burdens of alternative therapies, shared decision-making is an important component of a number of the recommendations. Evidence-based recommendations from an interdisciplinary panel convened by the American Pain Society on use of invasive diagnostic tests, interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary therapy for persistent and disabling low back pain are presented.
An Analysis of Joint Aggregation, Bursting, Routing, and Rate Adaptation for Increasing VoIP Capacity in Multi-Hop 802.11 Networks (2008)

Due to the low cost and ease of deployment, singlehop and multi-hop 802.11 networks have become attractive solutions for providing last-mile broadband (wireless) access in urban environments. However, a critical issue in using such networks to support applications such as Voice over IP is the widely known overheads in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and Physical (PHY) layer for each transmission. The effect of these overheads can be more severe in multi-hop deployments, and can limit the number of VoIP calls per Gateway Access Point (GAP) in a multi-hop system to be no greater than that of a single-hop single-GAP system. In this paper, we build upon our previous work that showed that a multi-hop network, with one GAP using a single channel, can in fact support more users than a single-hop network. To do so functions such as aggregation have to be intelligently used at relays in the network. We build on this prior work giving a theoretical framework that considers the joint tradeoff of aggregation, bursting, and PHY rate adaptation given a set of admission and routing decisions. We compare call-capacity estimates from the theory to those derived from simulations, and illustrate through examples the advantages of considering routing/ admission decisions jointly with bursting and aggregation.
Adjuvant and protective properties of native and recombinant<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>adenylate cyclase toxin preparations in mice (1999)

Bordetella pertussis produces a cell-invasive adenylate cyclase toxin which is synthesised from the cyaA gene as an inactive protoxin that is post-translationally activated by the product of the cyaC gene. Purified active and inactive CyaA proteins were prepared from B. pertussis or from recombinant Escherichia coli expressing both cyaA and cyaC genes or the cyaA gene alone. respectively. In addition, a hybrid toxin (Hyb2) in which an internal region of CyaA had been replaced with the analogous region from the leukotoxin (LktA) of Pasteurella haemolytica, and which had low cell-invasive activity, was also prepared from E. coli expressing the cyaC gene. The CyaA preparations showed no evidence of toxicity in a mouse weight-gain test. Active toxin preparations were protective in mice against intranasal challenge with wild-type B. pertussis, as evidenced by lung:body weight ratios and bacterial numbers in the lungs, which were comparable to those in mice given whole-cell DPT vaccine. Hyb2 was not as protective as active CyaA and inactive CyaA preparations were not protective. Active CyaA, when co-administered with ovalbumin (OA), had a marked adjuvant effect on the anti-OA IgG antibody response which was not as apparent with inactive CyaA preparations. Similarly, active CyaA stimulated a greater anti-CyaA response than the inactive form.
The Effect of Switching Frequency Modulation on the Differential-Mode Conducted Interference of the Boost Power-Factor Correction Converter (2007)

This paper investigates the use of switching frequency modulation in the reduction of the differential-mode conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) of the offline boost power-factor correction converter. In particular, the EMI benefits obtained with modulation frequencies at and in excess of twice the line frequency are considered, incorporating the influence of average and quasi-peak (QP) detectors into the analysis and measurements. It is concluded that there is no significant change in the QP measurement unless the modulation frequency exceeds half the resolution bandwidth; however, up to 8-dB reduction in the average measurement, with no change in the QP measurement, can be obtained with modulation at twice the line frequency, for a switching frequency deviation of 20%. A digital modulation algorithm was devised and implemented using a digital-signal-processor-controlled converter. The reduction in the average detector measurement obtained for the digital modulation was comparable to that predicted for the linear modulation, but it delivers a more well-defined and predictable conducted EMI spectrum.
Enzymatic Evaluation of Processes for Improving Agricultural Wastes for Ruminant Feeds (1971)

A convenient enzymatic procedure has been developed which is designed to predict in vivo dry matter digestibility of forages and crop residues. The procedure involves digestion of the forage with a crude cellulose enzyme followed by a protease digestion. The procedure does not require the close proximity of a ruminant animal. Enzymatic solubilization of 29 forages was highly correlated (r=.900) with in vivo dry matter digestibility. Correlations were higher within species than among species. The procedure appears to predict dry matter digestibility with sufficient precision to be of use to laboratories with no access to donor ruminant animals.
Analysis of lipids extracted from salmon ( <b> <i>Salmo salar</i> </b> ) heads by commercial proteolytic enzymes (2006)

Fresh salmon heads were submitted to controlled proteolysis using food-grade commercial enzymes (Alcalase®, Neutrase® and Protamex™). The release of oil under mild conditions (60°, 2 h) compared favourably with organic solvent extraction (19.8% vs. 21.5%). Lipids extracted by solvent and lipids resulting from enzymatic processes displayed a similar content of PUFA (about 35%), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 8.4% vs. 7.7%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 12.1% vs. 11.9%). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC-FID Iatroscan) showed that the polar lipid fraction accounted for 55% of total lipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, 20.7%; phosphatidylcholine, 14.8%). Salmon head phospholipids may be more effective carriers of highly unsaturated fatty acids to specific tissues than triacylglycerols, as shown by their content in EPA (10.3 and 6.9%, respectively) and DHA (33.1 and 9.1%, respectively).
BENIGN EPIDERMAL NEOPLASMS (1932)

When a pathologic classification of tumors is studied, one notes a gap and a discrepancy in the part concerned with epidermal neoplasms. The following is a portion of the classification as usually given : Certain tumors produced by dysgenesis of various glandular and follicular structures in the skin are called benign epitheliomas (multiple benign cystic epithelioma, acanthoma adenoides cysticum, syringo cyst adenoma, tricho-epithelioma papillosum multiplex), the designation depending on the histologic picture and the supposed origin. One might consider the possibility that benign epidermal neoplasms do not occur, but this idea is not in keeping with the primitive nature of epithelial tissue, especially that of the epidermis, and for this reason benign epidermal neoplasms should be as frequent as the benign neoplasms of some of the tissues aforementioned. Gans 1 stated that no sharp line can be drawn between benign and malignant epithelial tumors, but he did not mention benign
Finite-precision intrinsic randomness and source resolvability (2002)

Random number generators are important devices in randomized algorithms, Monte-Carlo methods, and in simulation studies of random systems. A random number generator is usually modeled as a random source emitting independent, equally likely random bits. In practice, the random source one has at hand can deviate from this idealized model, and the random number generator operates by applying a deterministic mapping on the output of the (nonideal) random source. The deterministic mapping is chosen so that the resulting process approximates, in some sense, a sequence of independent, equally likely random bits. A prime measure of the intrinsic randomness of a given source X is the maximal rate at which random bits can be extracted from X by suitably mapping its output. This maximal rate depends on the statistics of the source X and on the sense of approximation. We study the problem of finite-precision random bit generation, where the accuracy measure is the variational distance. The relevant information theory is addressed.
A novel torsional microtransducer using bulk PZT (2003)

A torsional microactuator was developed using standard bulk lead zirconium titanate placed upon a small rectangular prism made from phosphor bronze, with a tapered conical end serving as a horn and a carefully machined interior to improve the actuator's response. The results of testing indicate torsional motion was obtained from the device, with torsional vibration velocities of 295 mm/s at 190 kHz being obtained at 27.5 V/sub RMS/ at the output, amounting to 19,320 deg/sec vibration velocity along the outer circumference of the tip.
Is the Law of Contract Seriously Defective if the Court is Unable to Award Restitutionary Damages for Breach of Contract (2009)

It is commonly believed that the general rule is that damages for breach of contract are compensatory not restitutionary. So, the damages are measured by the loss to the plaintiff not by the gain to the defendant. However, there are many academic writings which have advocated that restitutionary damages should be available as general default rule in breach of contract, because it is able to provide adequate remedy to plaintiff when compensatory damages are inadequate. The A-G vs. Blake is the remarkable case which embodied by Hendrix case, posits the general restitutionary remedy. Blake has challenged the traditional approach of damages and signaled a trend of establishing restitutionary damages. The proponents of this point always purport ‘the interests of justice’ for plaintiff, however, they misunderstand the purpose of law of contract which is to balance the interests between claimant and defendant so that to maximize the social profits. Accordingly, the restitutionary damages are an objection to efficient breach in economic view because the restitution and account of profit (disgorgement) will deprive the defendant’s incentive to maximize profits and the claimant’s desire to minimize loss. So, the virtue of damages for breach of contract would be diminished if the general restitution relief is established. 


Key Words: Restitutionary damages; Compensatory damages; Freedom of contract; Efficient breach
Creation of Novel Protein Variants with CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mutagenesis: Turning a Screening By-Product into a Discovery Tool (2017)

CRISPR/Cas9 screening has proven to be a versatile tool for genomics research. Based on unexpected results from a genome-wide screen, we developed a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated approach to mutagenesis, exploiting the allelic diversity generated by error-prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) to identify novel gain-of-function and drug resistant alleles of the MAPK signaling pathway genes MEK1 and BRAF. We define the parameters of a scalable technique to easily generate cell populations containing thousands of endogenous allelic variants to map gene functions. Further, these results highlight an unexpected but important phenomenon, that Cas9-induced gain-of-function alleles are an inherent by-product of normal Cas9 loss-of-function screens and should be investigated during analysis of data from large-scale positive selection screens.
A new approach to measure single-event related brain activity using real-time fMRI: Feasibility of sensory, motor, and higher cognitive tasks (2000)

Real-time fMRI is a rapidly emerging methodology that enables monitoring changes in brain activity during an ongoing experiment. In this article we demonstrate the feasibility of performing single-event sensory, motor, and higher cognitive tasks in real-time on a clinical whole-body scanner. This approach requires sensitivity optimized fMRI methods: Using statistical parametric mapping we quantified the spatial extent of BOLD contrast signal changes as a function of voxel size and demonstrate that sacrificing spatial resolution and readout bandwidth improves the detection of signal changes in real time. Further increases in BOLD contrast sensitivity were obtained by using real-time multi-echo EPI. Real-time image analysis was performed using our previously described Functional Imaging in REal time (FIRE) software package, which features real-time motion compensation, sliding window correlation analysis, and automatic reference vector optimization. This new fMRI methodology was validated using single-block design paradigms of standard visual, motor, and auditory tasks. Further, we demonstrate the sensitivity of this method for online detection of higher cognitive functions during a language task using single-block design paradigms. Finally, we used single-event fMRI to characterize the variability of the hemodynamic impulse response in primary and supplementary motor cortex in consecutive trials using single movements. Real-time fMRI can improve reliability of clinical and research studies and offers new opportunities for studying higher cognitive functions.
Resource allocation and multi-project scheduling (RAMPS)--a new tool in planning and control (1963)

This paper gives a general description of the new network analysis technique known as RAMPS. The input and output of the computer program are described, and some indication is given of the computational procedures. An outline of the present uses of RAMPS is given, together with an indication of future applications.
Intracellular VEGF regulates the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation (2012)

Osteoporotic bones have reduced spongy bone mass, altered bone architecture, and increased marrow fat. Bone marrow stem cells from osteoporotic patients are more likely to differentiate into adipocytes than control cells, suggesting that adipocyte differentiation may play a role in osteoporosis. VEGF is highly expressed in osteoblastic precursor cells and is known to stimulate bone formation. Here we tested the hypothesis that VEGF is also an important regulator of cell fate, determining whether differentiation gives rise to osteoblasts or adipocytes. Mice with conditional VEGF deficiency in osteoblastic precursor cells exhibited an osteoporosis-like phenotype characterized by reduced bone mass and increased bone marrow fat. In addition, reduced VEGF expression in mesenchymal stem cells resulted in reduced osteoblast and increased adipocyte differentiation. Osteoblast differentiation was reduced when VEGF receptor 1 or 2 was knocked down but was unaffected by treatment with recombinant VEGF or neutralizing antibodies against VEGF. Our results suggested that VEGF controls differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the transcription factors RUNX2 and PPARγ2 as well as through a reciprocal interaction with nuclear envelope proteins lamin A/C. Importantly, our data support a model whereby VEGF regulates differentiation through an intracrine mechanism that is distinct from the role of secreted VEGF and its receptors.
Imaging the structure of the p‐n junction in polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (1996)

Light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) offer a new approach to light‐emitting devices fabricated from semiconducting polymers. The p‐n junction formed in situ in an LEC through electrochemical doping has been imaged in the surface cell configuration by measuring the doping profile, the electric field profile within the junction, and the electroluminescence emission profile. The methods used are described and the results interpreted to provide a detailed picture of the structure of the p‐n junction.