gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Buccal Absorption of Etomidate from a Solid Formulation in Dogs (1998)

Etomidate is typically administered IV for the induction of general anesthesia.We believe that oral transmucosal absorption may extend etomidate's use to premedication and conscious sedation. Our objective was to study the oral mucosal absorption kinetics and bioavailability of etomidate in a solid dose form in dogs. A solid dose form containing 50 mg of etomidate in sorbitol for buccal administration was prepared. Each dog was administered both IV etomidate and buccal etomidate on separate days. Serum etomidate concentrations after IV administration were fit to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The rates at which etomidate enters the systemic circulation via buccal mucosal absorption were calculated from serum concentrations from mucosal and IV administrations using model-dependent constrained numerical deconvolution. The apparent permeability coefficient and bioavailability were also determined. The mean (+/- SD) maximal serum etomidate concentration after buccal mucosal absorption from the 50-mg dose unit was 239 +/- 79 ng/mL. The time to reach maximal serum concentration was 12.5 +/- 1.8 min. Peak absorption rate of etomidate into the systemic circulation was 832 +/- 417 [micro sign]g/min. For all dogs, 90% or more of the absorption via buccal mucosa took place during the period in which the drug was in contact with the mucosa (15 min). The apparent transbuccal mucosal permeability coefficient was 9.1 +/- 4.2 x 10-4 cm/s, higher than values of any other compounds examined. Bioavailability calculated using the area under the serum etomidate concentration versus time curve method and the deconvolution method was 13.6% +/- 10.7% and 16.6% +/- 7.6%, respectively. In conclusion, etomidate is highly permeable through the canine buccal mucosa. Implications: Etomidate is highly permeable through the canine buccal mucosa. Both the onset and the termination of buccal mucosal absorption of etomidate are rapid, which suggests that titratable delivery of etomidate may be possible by buccal administration. (Anesth Analg 1998;86:1116-22)
Assist channel coding for improving optical character recognition (2000)

Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Synthesis and Characterization of Alkynyl Complexes of Groups 1 and 2 (2009)

The synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of alkynyl lithium and magnesium is achieved, and different degrees of association are observed. Reaction of strontium amide nacnacSrN(SiMe(3))(2)(thf) (nacnac = CH(CMe2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3)N)(2)) with PhC[triple bond]CH in THF yields the dimeric alkynyl complex [nacnacSr(thf)(mu-C[triple bond]CPh)](2) which shows an interesting coordination geometry around the metal center. The compound retains the THF molecules, unlike its lighter congener, even in hydrocarbon solvents.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Induces Cumulus Expansion and Improves Oocyte Competence When Present During Mouse In Vitro Oocyte Maturation (IVM). (2008)

The ovarian environment of human follicles is very important for oocyte development, folliculogenesis and ovulation. Studies have shown that a variety of growth factors and cytokines can be found in follicular fluid. One of these cytokines is IL-6. Studies have demonstrated that IL-6 and LIF concentrations are higher in preovulatory follicles than in developing follicles. Previously we demonstrated that LIF supplementation during IVM of mice oocyte improves embryo developmental rate and increases the delivery rates of pups following transfer of embryos from the IVM oocytes. LIF and IL-6 belong to the same family of cytokines that use gp130 as receptor. Therefore we decided to examine the role of IL-6 during mouse IVM on oocyte competency. Adult B6D2F1/J females were primed with 5 IU of PMSG. Oocytes were collected 48 hs later. IVM medium (IVMm) was Alfa-MEM (Gibco 32571-036) supplemented with 10% FCS, 0.2 IU/ml rhFSH and 1.5 IU/ml rhCG. Cumulus Oocyte Complexes (COCs) were IVM for 18hs at 37C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 in air. Cumulus expansion was evaluated after IVM in medium without rFSH and IL-6 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.4, 1.8, 2 and 3 μg/ml) by two scientists and each COC was assigned an expanded or no expanded score. Oocyte competence was evaluated after IVM and IVF, on basis of cleavage (D1) and blastocyst development (D4) and on the basis of live birth rate following embryo transfer (ET). Experimental groups: 1) In Vivo Matured; 2) IVMm and 3) IVMm plus 2 μg/ml IL-6. Blastocysts from group 1 (96), group 2 (125) and group 3 (135) were transferred to the uterine horn of 2.5-Day pseudopregnant females. Delivery rate was recorded. Arcsine transformed data were analyzed by T-test. Results are expressed as Mean ± SE. IL-6 induced cumulus expansion was concentration dependent. A statistically significant increase in the proportion of COCs undergoing cumulus expansion was observed between 0.5 and 1 μg/ml (0 vs 42%) achieving a 100% of expansion at 3 μg/ml (p<0.05). There were no differences in cleavage rate and blastocyst rates between experimental groups. IVMm plus 2 μg/ml IL-6 showed a significant increase in delivery rate when compared to IVMm (26 ± 4% vs 13% ± 2%; P<0.04) and IVM+IL6 was similar to in vivo matured oocytes (21 ± 3%). Our results demonstrate for the first time that IL-6 when present during IVM induces cumulus expansion and improves oocyte competence as measured by delivery of live pups.
Code generation and optimization for embedded digital signal processors (1996)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.
Identification of marker chromosomes in thirteen patients using FISH probing (1994)

Fourteen marker chromosomes were studied by FISH (fluorescence in-situ hybridization) in cytogenetic preparations from 13 patients. The derived markers were identified as one isodicentric bisatellited mar(22), one fragment sized r(X), one fragment sized r(Y), one i(18p), small autosomal ring markers in three different patients derived from chromosomes 2, 8, and 8, a marker comprised of 9p and part of 9qh, and 3 bisatellited apparently monocentric markers; one of each from chromosomes 13 or 21, 14 or 22, and 15. Two fragment sized small ring markers in one patient and a small ring marker in another were negative with all twenty-two different probes used. In addition, the small ring marker Y chromosome that was found in a boy with karyotype 46,X,-Y,+mar was negative with both pDXZ1 and pDYZ3. This anomaly of negative results with the battery of centromeric alphoid probes can be explained if one breakpoint for some small ring markers is very near to or within the centromere. Only some of the pericentromeric repetitive sequences in the normal chromosome would be represented in the chromosome specific alphoid probes, and presumably those corresponding to the currently available probes are truncated during the formation of the unidentified markers. In three of the small ring markers the FISH signal on the marker was much stronger than on the normal homologues in various proportions of cells, and this may indicate that some of the fragment sized small rings were multicentric. The literature was reviewed for Distamycin A/DAPI negative small ring markers that were present as extra chromosomes. There were only single published cases of most small rings but there were three r(8) cases, two r(1) cases, two r(12) cases, and two r(20) cases, uncomplicated by the presence of other chromosome abnormalities. Most cases with similar small rings were quite dissimilar phenotypically and syndrome identification was not possible, but in pooled data, 18/23 (about 80%) were developmentally and/or phenotypically abnormal. Some patients (5/23, about 20%) with small rings were dysmorphic without intellectual handicap. Of 28 such patients with small ring markers (Distamycin/Dapi negative) in pooled data there are 6 (about 20%) with multiple markers mostly derived from different chromosomes. This is a very high figure and would suggest that the ring formation events, although involving different chromosomes, must be related and must be an indicator of the mechanism of origin of this group of markers.
Gazing and frowning as a new human--computer interaction technique (2004)

The present aim was to study a new technique for human--computer interaction. It combined the use of two modalities, voluntary gaze direction and voluntary facial muscle activation for object pointing and selection. Fourteen subjects performed a series of pointing tasks with the new technique and with a mouse. At short distances the mouse was significantly faster than the new technique. However, there were no statistically significant differences at medium and long distances between the techniques. Fitts' law analyses were performed both by using only error-free trials and using also data including error trials (i.e., effective target width). In all cases both techniques seemed to follow Fitts' law, although for the new technique the effective target width correlation coefficient was smaller R = 0.776 than for the mouse R = 0.991. The regression slopes suggested that at very long distances (i.e., beyond 800 pixels) the new technique might be faster than the mouse. The new technique showed promising results already after a short practice and in the future it could be useful especially for physically challenged persons.
Reverse Isolation and Backaction of the SLUG Microwave Amplifier (2017)

Fast, accurate measurement of superconducting qubits demands approaching the quantum limit in amplifying weak microwave probe tones. An ideal amplifier would provide $n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l$ (high forward, negligible reverse) gain, protecting the qubit from noisy downstream measurements. The superconducting low-inductance undulatory galvanometer (SLUG) microwave amplifier provides highly directional gain and minimal backaction on the qubit, as the authors demonstrate by studying its performance in a circuit without microwave circulators or isolators. This elimination of bulky, magnetic nonreciprocal elements shows a way to scalable measurement of large multiqubit arrays.
Strengthening of Ceramics by Shot Peening (2002)

Non-transformation toughened ceramics show the typical brittle material behavior of failure before deformation at room temperature. Thus, strengthening of ceramics due to deformation induced compressive residual stresses has been thought to be not possible. Nevertheless, preliminary investigations had shown that, using ceramic-specific parameters, shot peening can introduce high compressive residual stresses into the near-surface region of silicon nitride which improve the load capacity. The aim of the presented investigation was to improve the shot peening conditions in order to increase the amount of compressive residual stresses while maintaining the surface integrity. The materials investigated where alumina and silicon nitride, the properties determined where residual stresses, load capacity and topography. The results show that high compressive residual stresses in the GPa-range can be introduced in silicon nitride and alumina which may boost the load capacity of the near surface layers by a factor of up to 9. Only little effect on the surface integrity could be obtained.
Characterization of the CD55 (DAF)-binding site on the seven-span transmembrane receptor CD97 (1998)

CD97 is an activation-induced antigen on leukocytes which belongs to a new group of seven-span transmembrane (7-TM) molecules, designated EGF-TM7 family. Family members, including EMR1 and F4/80, are characterized by an extended extracellular region with several N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domains. Alternative splicing of CD97 results in isoforms possessing either three (EGF1, 2, 5), four (EGF1, 2, 3, 5) or five EGF domains (EGF1, 2, 3, 4, 5). We recently identified decay accelerating factor (DAF, CD55), a regulatory protein of the complement cascade, as a cellular ligand of the smallest isoform. Employing mutants of CD97(EGF1, 2, 5) in which the EGF domains have been systematically deleted, we here demonstrate the necessity of at least three tandemly linked EGF domains for the interaction with CD55. Consistent with the involvement of different EGF domains, monoclonal antibodies directed against the first EGF domain as well as the removal of Ca2+, for which binding sites exist in the second and fifth EGF domain, blocked binding to CD55. Compared to CD97(EGF1, 2 ,5) the larger isoforms CD97(EGF1, 2, 3, 5) and CD97(EGF1, 2, 3, 4, 5) have a significantly lower affinity for CD55. Thus, alternative splicing may regulate the ligand specificity of CD97 and probably other members of the EGF-TM7 family.
Increasing expression and decreasing degradation of SMN ameliorate the spinal muscular atrophy phenotype in mice (2011)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by reduced levels of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Here we show that the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, increases SMN in cultured cells and in peripheral tissues of SMA model mice. Bortezomib-treated animals had improved motor function, which was associated with reduced spinal cord and muscle pathology and improved neuromuscular junction size, but no change in survival. Combining bortezomib with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) resulted in a synergistic increase in SMN protein levels in mouse tissue and extended survival of SMA mice more than TSA alone. Our results demonstrate that a combined regimen of drugs that decrease SMN protein degradation and increase SMN gene transcription synergistically increases SMN levels and improves the lifespan of SMA model mice. Moreover, this study indicates that while increasing SMN levels in the central nervous system may help extend survival, peripheral tissues can also be targeted to improve the SMA disease phenotype.
Measurement of the surface shape and optical thickness variation of a polishing crystal wafer by wavelength tuning interferometer (2014)

Interferometric surface measurement of parallel plates presents considerable technical difficulties owing to multiple beam interference. To apply the phase-shifting technique, it is necessary to use an optical-path-difference-dependent technique such as wavelength tuning that can separate interference signals in the frequency domain. In this research, the surface shape and optical thickness variation of a lithium niobate wafer for a solid Fabry-Perot etalon during the polishing process were measured simultaneously using a wavelength-tuning Fizeau interferometer with a novel phase shifting algorithm. The novel algorithm suppresses the multiple beam interference noise and has sidelobes with amplitudes of only 1% of that of the main peak. The wafer, which was in contact with a supporting glass parallel plate, generated six different interference fringes that overlapped on the detector. Wavelength-tuning interferometry was employed to separate the specific interference signals associated with the target different optical paths in the frequency domain. Experimental results indicated that the optical thickness variation of a circular crystal wafer 74 mm in diameter and 5-mm thick was measured with an uncertainty of 10 nm PV.
A real-time road traffic information system based on a peer-to-peer approach (2008)

Conventional traffic information systems based on client-server approaches allow car drivers to navigate real-time road traffics, but the cost for maintaining the centralized traffic centers is high. On the other hand, decentralized traffic information systems that traffic conditions are exchanged between vehicles via inter-vehicle communication (IVC) significantly reduce the construction cost and efforts. Unfortunately, while the penetration of vehicles with such the system is insufficient, the systems suffer from problems to disseminate traffic conditions in disconnected vehicular ad-hoc networks. Therefore, we propose a novel road traffic information system which utilizes both IVC and infrastructure-based peer-to-peer communications. The system is organized as a two-tier hierarchical architecture where all vehicles broadcast traffic conditions over lower-tier vehicular ad-hoc networks. Moreover, parts of vehicles with infrastructure communication facilities further form a high-tier peer-to-peer overlay and exchange traffic information and lookups to redeem the dis-connectivity of the vehicular ad-hoc networks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system performs well in terms of both delay for traffic information lookup and message exchanging overheads.
A Supervised Classification Algorithm for Note Onset Detection (2006)

This paper presents a novel approach to detecting onsets in music audio files. We use a supervised learning algorithm to classify spectrogram frames extracted from digital audio as being onsets or nononsets. Frames classified as onsets are then treated with a simple peak-picking algorithm based on a moving average. We present two versions of this approach. The first version uses a single neural network classifier. The second version combines the predictions of several networks trained using different hyperparameters. We describe the details of the algorithm and summarize the performance of both variants on several datasets. We also examine our choice of hyperparameters by describing results of cross-validation experiments done on a custom dataset. We conclude that a supervised learning approach to note onset detection performs well and warrants further investigation.
Infliximab therapy in Crohn's disease: safety issues. (2003)

Infliximab has become a valuable addition to the therapeutic arsenal for Crohn's disease. Although the rate of adverse events was relatively low in the premarketing trials, several investigators have recently reported experience in large groups of patients. This has shed more light on safety aspects of infliximab therapy, which should change the approach towards patients prior to infliximab infusion. This review discusses some immunological aspects that are relevant for infliximab therapy and provides guidelines for daily practice.
Attractant Signaling by an Aspartate Chemoreceptor Dimer with a Single Cytoplasmic Domain (1996)

Signal transduction across cell membranes often involves interactions among identical receptor subunits, but the contribution of individual subunits is not well understood. The chemoreceptors of enteric bacteria mediate attractant responses by interrupting a phosphotransfer circuit initiated at receptor complexes with the protein kinase CheA. The aspartate receptor (Tar) is a homodimer, and oligomerized cytoplasmic domains stimulate CheA activity much more than monomers do in vitro. Intragenic complementation was used to show in Escherichia coli that heterodimers containing one full-length and one truncated Tar subunit mediated responses to aspartate in the presence of full-length Tar homodimers that could not bind aspartate. Thus, a Tar dimer containing only one cytoplasmic domain can initiate an attractant (inhibitory) signal, although it may not be able to stimulate kinase activity of CheA.
New Method to Determine Young’s Modulus of Micro Crystal Based on Raman Spectrometer (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Preliminary results from a subsonic high angle-of-attack flush airdata sensing (HI-FADS) system: Design, calibration, and flight test evaluation (1990)

A nonintrusive high angle-of-attack flush airdata sensing (HI-FADS) system was installed and flight-tested on the F-18 high alpha research flight vehicle. The system is a matrix of 25 pressure orifices in concentric circles on the nose of the vehicle. The orifices determine angles of attack and sideslip, Mach number, and pressure altitude. Pressure was transmitted from the orifices to an electronically scanned pressure module by lines of pneumatic tubing. The HI-FADS system was calibrated and demonstrated using dutch roll flight maneuvers covering large Mach, angle-of-attack, and sideslip ranges. Reference airdata for system calibration were generated by a minimum variance estimation technique blending measurements from two wingtip airdata booms with inertial velocities, aircraft angular rates and attitudes, precision radar tracking, and meteorological analyses. The pressure orifice calibration was based on identifying empirical adjustments to modified Newtonian flow on a hemisphere. Calibration results are presented. Flight test results used all 25 orifices or used a subset of 9 orifices. Under moderate maneuvering conditions, the HI-FADS system gave excellent results over the entire subsonic Mach number range up to 55 deg angle of attack. The internal pneumatic frequency response of the system is accurate to beyond 10 Hz. Aerodynamic lags in the aircraft flow field caused some performance degradation during heavy maneuvering.
CANOPY TEMPERATURE CHARACTERIZATIONS OF CORN AND COTTON WATER STATUS (2000)

Water stress is a major production factor that determines crop yield. Three temperature-based stress indiceswere tested using corn and cotton grown under different water levels to determine how well these indices correlated withthe amount of water applied and crop yield. Corn and cotton were grown in 1997-1998 field experiments using a range ofirrigation levels where canopy temperatures (TC) and field weather were continuously measured. The water levels in1997 were WL1-dryland, WL2- 1/3*ET, WL3- 2/3*ET, and WL4-1.0*ET, where ET was potential evapotranspiration. Thewater levels used in 1998 were WL3 and WL4 in corn and WL1 and WL4 with cotton. An average ET value of 7 mm d1was used as the 1.0*ET water level of each crop in 1997 and 8 mm d1 was applied to corn in 1998. The stress time index(ST) quantifies water stress as the daily summation of time when TC exceeds the crop specific optimum temperatures(28C for both crops). The theoretical, CWSI-T, and empirical, CWSI-TC, forms of the crop water stress index were used.CWSI-T is a physically based description of the energy-exchange processes that determine the temperature of a crop.CWSI-TC is calculated from measured TC of the crop, a well-watered crop (WL4), and a computed TCmax for acompletely water stressed crop. The ST index was calculated for the Midday, Daytime, and Entire Day periods, whichwere determined by threshold levels of net radiation and air temperature. The ST values for the Daytime and Entire Dayperiods increased as water applied decreased from WL4 to WL1, and were significantly different among water levels. STvalues for the Entire Day were higher than during the Daytime period only in 1998. CWSI-T and CWSI-TC values in bothyears declined as the quantity of water applied increased in both crops. The CWSI value (0.89) for WL1 corn was highestin 1997, which agreed with early senescence from water stress. The CWSI-TC procedure was more accurate than CWSI-Tmethod because it restricted the stress value for well-watered treatment (WL4) to zero, and all values were within thetheoretical range of 0 to 1.0. Each water stress index had a unique but common relationship with water applied and yieldin both years for cotton, but each year was different for corn. These results demonstrate the usefulness of temperaturebased indices for characterizing crop stress conditions and their potential for managing irrigation scheduling.