gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exposure of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells to Sustained Hydrostatic Pressure Stimulates Proliferation (1999)

The present study investigated the effects of sustained hydrostatic pressure (SHP; up to 4 cm H2O) on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, focal adhesion plaque (FAP) organization, and integrin expression. Exposure of HUVECs to SHP stimulated cell proliferation and a selective increase in the expression of integrin subunit alphaV. The increase in alphaV was observed as early as 4 hours after exposure to pressure and preceded detectable increases in the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index. Laser confocal microscopy studies demonstrated colocalization of the alphaV integrin to FAPs. The individual FAPs in pressure-treated cells demonstrated a reduced area and increased aspect ratio and were localized to both peripheral and more central regions of the cells, in contrast to the predilection for the cell periphery in cells maintained under control pressure conditions. The pressure-induced changes in alphaV distribution had functional consequences on the cells: adhesivity of the cells to vitronectin was increased, and alphaV antagonists blocked the pressure-induced proliferative response. Thus, the present study suggests a role for alphaV integrins in the mechanotransduction of pressure by endothelial cells.
Review on Regulation of Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels (2011)

An inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir) is a kind of protein complex that is widely expressed on excitable and nonexcitable cell membranes. Kir channels serve important roles in cellular physiology such as cell excitability and K+ homeostasis. The Kirs (KIR1-7) are regulated by many factors: phosphatidylinosital-4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2), ATP, or G-proteins. Other factors like polyamines, kinases, pH, and Na+ ions act cooperatively to modulate Kir channels. Different types and specific distributions of KIR channels determine the diversity of regulatory mechanisms. This review provides insight into Kir channel regulation.
A Method to Assay Inhibitors of Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis (2007)

Treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections is complicated by innate and acquired drug resistance resulting in a limited number of effective antibiotics. Several Gram-negative bacteria, for which current therapies are ineffective, have recently been identified as potential bioterror agents. These findings highlight the need for new antibiotics, specifically antibiotics that act on new drug targets to circumvent drug resistance. Potential targets in Gram-negative bacteria include enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that form outer membranes of these organisms. UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC) catalyzes the committed step in the biosynthesis of the lipid A portion of LPS. Therefore, inhibitors of this enzyme have the potential to serve as antibiotics, and efforts toward the development of LpxC inhibitors are currently underway. Here we describe methods for assaying LpxC inhibitors, including methods for measuring deacetylase activity and binding affinity for LpxC, which will be useful for the development of LpxC inhibitors.
Design and Implementation of a Shared Autonomous Vehicle System in Austin, Texas (2016)

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) and shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) have the potential to significantly change society’s transportation systems and land-use patterns, thereby impacting the quality of life for urban dwellers. A shift to self-driven cars affects what people do in their vehicles, their values of travel time, road safety, traffic congestion, and the natural environment. Cities and other government agencies will have the opportunity to integrate SAV technologies systemically within roadway networks to further promote these concepts, as well as to provide low-cost transit options, further propagating the benefits. The assumptions enabling this forward thinking will provide initial insight into AV technology and their application within the Austin network. The station and queuing geometry utilizes context sensitive design, promoting multi-modal access. This insight into SAV dynamic ridesharing (DRS) systems enables potential initial integration of this technology, given the benefits logistically of fleet systems. Different station locations are examined, (and can serve as a template for other special trip generators in cities across the globe) serving different areas of the metropolitan region, and providing a differing level of service to the users of the Austin transit system. This culminated in the decision of electric cars providing service to four regionally distributed station systems, generating a benefit-to-cost (B/C) ratio of 4.42.
Expression of myelin basic protein isoforms in nonglial cells. (1990)

The myelin basic proteins (MBPs) mediate the cytoplasmic apposition of the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane to form the major dense line of central nervous system myelin. Four major isoforms of murine MBP, obtained by alternative splicing of seven exons from a single primary transcript, display distinct developmental profiles. We expressed these major MBPs individually in HeLa cells and mapped their distributions by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. The 14- and 18.5-kD MBPs that are the predominant forms in compact myelin distributed primarily in the perinuclear regions of the cell in configurations highly suggestive of close association with membranes. We infer that these MBP isoforms possess strong, nonspecific membrane-binding properties that have been adapted by the oligodendrocyte to mediate compaction of the sheaths of plasma membrane that form myelin. In contrast, the 17- and 21.5-kD isoforms distributed diffusely in both the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm and often accumulated within the nucleus. This distribution can be correlated with the presence of the peptide segment encoded by exon II, which is unique to these isoforms. The physiological significance of the nuclear targeting displayed by the 17- and 21.5-kD MBP isoforms in HeLa cells remains to be determined.
Buckling Behavior and Failure of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pultruded Short Columns (2012)

This paper addresses the buckling behavior and strength of hybrid pultruded short profiles subjected to uniform compression. Since the design of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) pultruded profiles is often governed by deformations and buckling phenomena, the introduction of carbon fibers in GFRP (hybrid) profiles has been proved to increase both strength and stiffness of flexural members. In the context of short compression members (columns), experimental, numerical, and analytical studies were carried out, with particular attention being given to the local buckling. Two series of 660-mm-long I-section profiles (200×100×10 mm) were tested under uniform compression. In order to evaluate the advantages of introducing carbon fiber reinforcement in the flanges, two profile types were tested: bare GFRP profile (reference column) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthened GFRP profile (hybrid column). Shell finite-element (SFE) models were developed and validated, based on experimental data. After that, and in order to predict the critical buckling loads of the tested columns, a study was performed using analytical solutions based on the orthotropic plate theory. Both numerical and analytical results presented a good agreement with experimental data. Results obtained show that the critical load, the ultimate load, and the axial stiffness considerably increase with the introduction of CFRP sheets in the flanges of the GFRP profile.
An integrated planning of production and distribution for multiple suppliers (1999)

This work addresses the production and distribution of a single product supplied by multiple suppliers and demanded by multiple demanders. A production scheduling and vehicle routing model is proposed for the multiple suppliers, multi-vehicle, and vehicle capacity constraint problems. There are three stages as follows: first, distribute the least distributed amount from each supplier location; second, distribute the amount of inventory attributed to the constraint of production lower bound of each supplier location; and third, design vehicle tours by considering both production and transportation costs. The integrated production scheduling and distribution problem can obtain a lower cost solution than the combined solution of the conventional production scheduling problem and distribution planning problem. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis.
A General Approach for Heterologous Membrane Protein Expression in Escherichia coli: The Uncoupling Protein, UCP1, as an Example (2003)

It is well accepted that one of the major limitations in membrane protein structure determination is to obtain enough protein material (for review, see ref. 1). A batch of approx 5 mg is necessary for the first round of crystallization screening, for example. Because many of the most interesting membrane proteins are often expressed at very low levels, it can be difficult, and perhaps not desirable, to purify them from their natural source; using an overexpression system is the obvious alternative. Owing to the great range of expression vectors available and the ease of use, Escherichia coli has proven to be the expression host of choice, particularly for small, cytoplasmic proteins. Heterologously expressed membrane proteins are often toxic to E. coli, which prevents cell growth and limits protein yields. In this chapter, we describe how an “in vitro evolution” approach can be used to produce E. coli strains, e.g., C41(DE3) and C43(DE3), which are better suited than BL21(DE3) to expression of some membrane proteins. Expression of the uncoupling protein (UCP1) in C41(DE3) is given as an example.
Recognition of endogenous ecotropic murine leukaemia viruses by anti-AKR/Gross virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL): epitope variation in a CTL-resistant virus (1995)

AKR/Gross virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from C57BL/6 (B6) mice are H-2Kb-restricted and recognize epitopes encoded by the prototype endogenous ecotropic murine leukaemia virus (Emv) AKR623. Four CTL epitopes have been identified by the use of synthetic peptides corresponding to AKR623-encoded amino acid sequences. Here we present both functional and nucleotide sequence data indicating that three closely related Emv share all of these CTL epitopes. We also found that one other murine leukaemia virus (MuLV) was not susceptible to lysis by these CTL. This is the ecotropic component of the LP-BM5 virus complex that causes murine AIDS. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that three of the four epitopes, including the immunodominant peptide, are altered in this virus. The other epitope was unchanged. These data implied that the inability of anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL to lyse cells infected with the LP-BM5 ecotropic (BM5eco) MuLV was due to the functional loss of three of the four CTL epitopes. Using recombinant vaccinia and Sindbis virus vectors, we have shown that the BM5eco-encoded form of the immunodominant epitope, which differs only by an arginine for lysine substitution at the N-terminal residue, fails to induce a CTL response in B6 mice. Immunization with BM5eco-infected cells also failed to induce MuLV-specific CTL. In light of the long in vivo passage history of the LP-BM5 complex in B6 mice, our results are consistent with a contribution of CTL-mediated immune selection to the evolution of the BM5eco MuLV.
Cochlear Implants (1976)

Cochlear implants seem to be the first long step in the search for a mechanical prosthesis that would restore hearing to the profoundly deaf. While present developments with implants appear to have been successful in providing deafened individuals with a reasonably wide range of information, the ultimate goal, the full comprehension of discriminable speech, is still beyond our grasp. The present monograph is essentially a history of how we arrived at this point in the development of cochlear implants. It begins with the original observations of Djourno and Eyriès, the first animal and human studies, and the early work of House and Urban with a small sample of subjects. The problems, failures, and initial successes are detailed, as well as an account of the engineering developments in which the hard wire electrode system with the external button was finally replaced by the more sophisticated internal induction coil with the “take-home” stimulator. Early in the project, it became clear that many specialists needed to be involved both for the purposes of evaluation and training of implant subjects. The first such individuals were rehabilitation experts and their program for defining objectives, procedures and evaluation is discussed. Since implants were likely to have potentially profound cognitive, emotional and social effects, a team of psychologists became participants. Their preliminary program and initial study is outlined. Finally, this history concludes with some observations about where we have been, the current stage of development, and plans for the future. It is our optimistic view that we are on the threshold of an important advance in the treatment of the profoundly deafened.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF MUSTARD GAS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS.<sup>1</sup> VI. THE CHEMISTRY OF SULFONIUM SALTS RELATED TO MUSTARD GAS (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF MUSTARD GAS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS.1 VI. THE CHEMISTRY OF SULFONIUM SALTS RELATED TO MUSTARD GASMARK A. STAHMANN, JOSEPH S. FRUTON, and MAX BERGMANNCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1946, 11, 6, 704–718Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01176a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01176a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, Structure, and Ligand Redistribution Equilibria of Mixed Ligand Complexes of the Heavier Group 2 Elements Containing Pyrazolato andβ‐Diketiminato Ligands (2005)

Abstract Treatment of M[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 (THF) 2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) with various stoichiometries of N ‐ tert ‐butyl‐4‐( tert ‐butylimino)‐2‐penten‐2‐amine (L t Bu H) and 3,5‐di‐ tert ‐butylpyrazole ( t Bu 2 pzH) afforded [(η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)Ca(μ‐η 5 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)(μ‐η 2 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)Ca(η 5 ‐L t Bu )] (17 %), [Sr(μ‐η 5 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)(η 5 ‐L t Bu )] 2 (50 %), and [Ba(μ‐η 5 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)(η 5 ‐L t Bu )] 2 (66 %) as colorless crystalline solids. The formulations of the new complexes were assigned from spectral and analytical data and by X‐ray crystal structure determinations. In the solid state, [(η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)Ca(μ‐η 5 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)(μ‐η 2 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)Ca(η 5 ‐L t Bu )] exists as a dimer that is held together by μ‐η 5 :η 2 ‐ and μ‐η 2 :η 2 ‐pyrazolato ligands, with a terminal η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz ligand on one calcium ion and an η 5 ‐L t Bu ligand on the other. The dimeric structures of [Sr(μ‐η 5 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)(η 5 ‐L t Bu )] 2 and [Ba(μ‐η 5 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)(η 5 ‐L t Bu )] 2 are connected by two μ‐η 5 :η 2 ‐pyrazolato ligands, and the coordination sphere of each metal ion is capped with an η 5 ‐L t Bu ligand. In toluene solution, [(η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)Ca(μ‐η 5 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)(μ‐η 2 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)Ca(η 5 ‐L t Bu )] exists as an equilibrium mixture of at least four compounds. In toluene solution, [Sr(μ‐η 5 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)(η 5 ‐L t Bu )] 2 exists in equilibrium with Sr(η 5 ‐L t Bu ) 2 and Sr 4 ( t Bu 2 pz) 8 . A van’t Hoff analysis of this equilibrium between 46 and 104 °C afforded Δ H ° = 22.2 ± 0.7 kcal/mol, Δ S ° = 43.7 ± 1.9 cal/mol · K, and Δ G °(298 K) = 9.2 ± 0.9 kcal/mol. [Ba(μ‐η 5 :η 2 ‐ t Bu 2 pz)(η 5 ‐L t Bu )] 2 exists in toluene solution as a single, pure species between –60 and +80 °C. The overall results suggest that the η 5 ‐L t Bu ligand is better at saturating the coordination sphere of the metal ion to which it coordinates than is the t Bu 2 pz ligand, and is suggested as a more promising ligand for the construction of practical, volatile chemical vapor deposition film growth precursors. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene on the short arm of the human X chromosomes defines a multigene family. (1984)

A human X chromosome-derived gene sequence which recognises an abundant, 1.2-kb mRNA in several cell types was previously isolated during a study to identify expressed sequences from an X chromosome recombinant library. Further characterisation of this clone, acronym OA1, has shown that it maps to the short arm of the X, at Xp21 to Xp22. A 777-bp fragment of the clone which hybridizes to the 1.2-kb mRNA has been sequenced, and the inferred amino acid sequence shows 80% homology with the published protein sequence for human muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The fragment shows even higher homology (87%) with pig muscle GAPDH. The OA1 clone selects an mRNA which translates in vitro into a polypeptide of 36 K, the subunit size of GAPDH. However, the X-sequence is most probably a pseudogene whose structure is consistent with it having arisen by reverse transcription of a GAPDH or GAPDH-related mRNA followed by insertion into the X chromosome. The GAPDH-related portion of OA1 hybridizes to several DNA fragments in human and mouse DNA, and six fibroblast cDNA clones which cross-hybridize to OA1 identify the same genomic fragments as OA1. This series of clones identifies a new, conserved GAPDH-related multigene family.
Visual communication system in closed areas using an extended ISDN protocol (1994)

This paper describes a visual communication system for enclosed areas such as multi-dwellings and/or office buildings where fiber optics are wired. The system has an ISDN primary rate interface and provides unrestricted sound and video services at no charge. This paper presents the improvements upon our previous system, system configuration, service functions and transmission control methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neuroprotective pentapeptide CN-105 is associated with reduced sterile inflammation and improved functional outcomes in a traumatic brain injury murine model (2017)

Abstract At present, there are no proven pharmacological treatments demonstrated to improve long term functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury(TBI). In the setting of non-penetrating TBI, sterile brain inflammatory responses are associated with the development of cerebral edema, intracranial hypertension, and secondary neuronal injury. There is increasing evidence that endogenous apolipoprotein E(apoE) modifies the neuroinflammatory response through its role in downregulating glial activation, however, the intact apoE holoprotein does not cross the blood-brain barrier due to its size. To address this limitation, we developed a small 5 amino acid apoE mimetic peptide(CN-105) that mimics the polar face of the apoE helical domain involved in receptor interactions. The goal of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of CN-105 in a murine model of closed head injury. Treatment with CN-105 was associated with a durable improvement in functional outcomes as assessed by Rotarod and Morris Water Maze and a reduction in positive Fluoro-Jade B stained injured neurons and microglial activation. Administration of CN-105 was also associated with reduction in mRNA expression of a subset of inflammatory and immune-related genes.
Analytical and numerical modelling of the direct metal deposition laser process (2008)

International audience
Cannabidiol enhances microglial phagocytosis via transient receptor potential (<scp>TRP</scp>) channel activation (2014)

The TRPV-dependent phagocytosis-enhancing effect of CBD suggests that pharmacological modification of TRPV channel activity could be a rational approach to treating neuroinflammatory disorders involving changes in microglial function and that CBD is a potential starting point for future development of novel therapeutics acting on the TRPV receptor family.
Activation and Dissociation of Proton-Induced Donor Profiles in Silicon (2013)

The impact of the thermal budget on the introduction and dissociation of hydrogen-related donor profiles in high purity silicon implanted with protons in the energy range of MeV is investigated. The hydrogen-related donors are radiation-induced defect complexes decorated by the implanted hydrogen. The appearance of the donor profiles is limited to the annealing temperature regime between about 350 °C and 500 °C. The activation of the doping profiles is limited by the diffusion of the implanted hydrogen from the end-of-range region throughout the radiation-induced damage profile. This formation process is adequately described by a diffusion model with an effective activation energy of 1.2 eV. The thermal stability of the hydrogen-related donor profiles is limited by the dissociation of the donors. The deactivation of the doping is modeled by two hydrogen-related donor species with effective dissociation energies of 2.6 eV and 3 eV. The formation and dissociation mechanisms described in the present study define the upper and lower limits of the post-implantation thermal budget, respectively, for a sensible use of proton implantation doping in crystalline silicon.
Embedded system for automotive (2016)

Driving a vehicle in traffic conditions is highly risky. If the driver is not aware of the presence of a vehicle or obstacle in his blind spot, an accident can occur. The agenda of this proposed work is to suggest a solution to improve a driver's safety while changing lane, which focuses on the low-end vehicle. A blind spot detection system for protection against misshapen like vehicle collisions that causes loss of human lives. The system uses two different sensing positions in right and left side of the car. Ultrasonic sensors, Raspberry pi and a alarm are used to implement the design. The blind spot detection system will be useful while changing the lane, and with the help of this system the driver will come to know about presence of vehicle in blind spot which gives warning through alarm to driver.
Novel derivatives of the benzo[<i>b</i>][1,6]naphthyridine system (2006)

An efficient synthesis of 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridin-1(2H)-one was devised. The hydroxy group was alkylated, acylated and replaced by hydrogen. Electrophilic nitration, bromination and chlorosulfonation occurred readily in the 4-position. From the last, various sulfonamide derivatives were prepared. A selection of the products was screened by the National Cancer Institute. Cytotoxicities were generally low.