gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Reduction of Sulfur Hexafluoride in Novel, Air-Independent Power Systems (2011)

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an alternative oxidant that can be liquefied and stored at relatively low pressure, making its storage lower maintenance than that for pure oxygen. Using SF¬6 as the oxidant in undersea (air-independent) fuel cell systems can offer greater safety, comparable oxidant storage capacity and improved thermal management of the system. This study investigated the electrochemical reduction of SF6 in order to evaluate its potential for electrochemical systems.
An Outdoor Bistatic Scattering Assessment Using Array Antennas (2010)

Passive coherent location (PCL), which is also known as passive radar, is of in- creasing interest lately. In a passive radar system, the transmitting and receiving antennas are placed at difierent locations. Therefore, it detects targets' bistatic scattering instead of monos- tatic scattering in conventional radars. In this work, we conducted experiments that evaluate the bistatic radar cross section (RCS) from targets in the UHF band. The variation in the amount of bistatic scattering was examined and analyzed by changing the parameters which include the target's shape, orientation, distance to antenna, and antenna polarization. 1. INTRODUCTION In 1936, German deployed radio frequency radar at warship Graf Spee for the flrst time. Since then, the radar technology has dramatically evolved and played an important role on the battle- fleld. Among the many difierent types of radar, the air surveillance radar is of crucial importance. However, the conventional air surveillance radar, which continuously emits strong radiation in the order of hundreds of kilowatts or even megawatts, is likely to expose its location. Therefore, the concept of passive radar has been brought up and implemented. Unlike tradition active radars, passive radars do not require high power transmitters and come with receivers only. Passive radar receivers continuously monitor the background radio signals, such as commercial TV broadcasting, mobile telecommunication or satellite signals. The presence of air targets may perturb the magni- tudes, phases and even frequencies of background signals. A passive radar may therefore be able to detect the perturbation and determine if an air target is present. In the passive radar operation scenario, the transmitting and receiving antennas are not placed at the same position. Unlike traditional radars, which detect the monostatic back scattering from the target, passive radars exploit the bistatic RCS property of targets (1{4). In this paper, we designed a series of experiments that measures the bistatic RCS values of elevated targets in the UHF band. The experiment set-up includes two antennas, one is for transmission, and the other is for reception. Because the signal magnitude may be very weak due to propagation, an RF transmitter of 10 watts at the UHF band was assembled to conduct measurements. The components used in the transmitter include two stages of amplifler, attenuators, a power supply, a circulator and a termination. The mock-up targets that scatter impinging radio frequency waves are placed in front of directive antennas. A network analyzer was employed to provide radio source and measure the properties of scattered signals. In order to minimize scatterings from background clutters experiments were conducted on a roof top. The design and performance improving measures of the antennas used in experiments are pre- sented in Section 2. The measurement range set up as well as measurement results and analysis are provided in Section 3. A conclusion and future work topics are drawn in the end. 2. DIPOLE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR BISTATIC RCS MEASUREMENTS
Structural Determinants for HIV-1 Integrase Inhibition by β-Diketo Acids (2002)

Among all the HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, the beta-diketo acids (DKAs) represent a major lead in anti-HIV-1 integrase drug design. These derivatives inhibit the integration reaction in vitro with a strong specificity for the 3'-end joining step. They are also antiviral and inhibit integration in vivo. The aim of the present study has been to investigate the molecular interactions between DKAs and HIV-1 integrase. We have compared 5CITEP with one of the most potent DKAs reported by the Merck group (L-708,906) and found that 5CITEP inhibits 3'-processing at concentrations where L-708,906 is only active on strand transfer. We also report a novel bifunctional DKA derivative that inhibits 3'-processing even more effectively than 5CITEP. The interactions of these inhibitors with the viral DNA donor ends have been studied by performing experiments with oligonucleotides containing defined modifications. We propose that the bifunctional DKA derivative binds to both the acceptor and donor sites of HIV-1 integrase, whereas the monofunctional L-708,906 derivative binds selectively to the acceptor site.
Einleitung (2001)

Die Konsumgüternachfrage ist die mit Abstand größte Komponente der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Endnachfrage. Sie bestimmt die Absatzmöglichkeiten der Unternehmen und gibt Auskunft über das Wohlstandsniveau der Bevölkerung. Wenn Aussagen getroffen werden sollen, die über die bloße Entwicklung von Aggregaten (z.B. den „Privaten Verbrauch“) oder Mittelwerte für alle Haushalte hinausgehen, sind Angaben über Haushalte und deren Ausgabeverhalten notwendig. Da die Konsumgewohnheiten einzelner Haushalte heterogen sind, liegt es nahe, das Verbrauchsverhalten auf disaggregierter Haushalts- und Güterebene zu untersuchen.
Biotransformation of the Mycotoxin, Zearalenone, to a Non-estrogenic Compound by a Fungal Strain of<i>Clonostachys</i>sp. (2002)

Zearalenones are mycotoxins with estrogenic activity consisting of a resorcinol moiety fused to a 14-membered macrocyclic lactone and are produced by various Fusarium species. We found that Clonostachys rosea IFO 7063 was effectively capable of converting zearalenone (1) to cleavage product (2), 1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10'-hydroxy-1'E-undecene-6'-one. Moreover, cleavage product 2 did not show potent estrogenic activity like that of 1 and 17beta-estradiol in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell proliferation assay.
Morphogenesis and Structure of Human Teeth in Relation to Biomimetically Grown Fluorapatite−Gelatine Composites (2001)

Biominerals are impressive composite materials because of their complex organization and perfect adaptation to the demands of living organisms. Structure and development of human teeth are compared to similar composite systems that develop in vitro under biomimetic conditions without the controlling influence of cells.
Prognosis with neural networks using statistically based feature sets (2003)

The authors report on several techniques for feature selection utilized in the development of a prognostic tool of predicting recovery for patients with head trauma injuries. The database was examined for features, which were extracted using statistical techniques. ANN (artificial neural network) models were built based on the feature selection of the statistical techniques. These models were trained and tested. Results showed that the ability of the ANN to generalize was dependent on three factors: method of data representation, number of outcome classes, and specific features in the data set. The ANN architecture was kept constant for all the cases. Of the statistical techniques used, the backward selection applied to RA (regression analysis) and stepwise selection applied to LDA (linear disciminant analysis) feature models yielded the best generalizations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polymorphisms in Methotrexate Pathways: What Is Clinically Relevant, What Is Not, and What Is Promising (2009)

Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate inhibitor that is used successfully in treating a great variety of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. However, there are certain drawbacks to its use, as a significant percentage of patients do not respond to the therapy or develop serious adverse effects. In the last ten years there has been a growing body of evidence pointing to the clinical significance of polymorphisms in genes that are involved in the metabolism, transport, and function of folates and MTX. Indeed, many studies have shown that both the toxicity and the efficacy of this drug can be modified by the presence of these genetic alterations. However, there is also a great deal of contradictory evidence that has as yet prevented the acceptance of any definitive conclusions. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the pharmacogenetics of MTX, dealing with the reasons for numerous reported discrepancies. The particular focus will be on studies analyzing interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along a certain pathway rather than following a single-SNP design. New approaches and future directions in the study of MTX pharmacogenetics will also be discussed.
Physically and Logically Reversible Superconducting Circuit (2011)

Prior to early this century, the semiconductor microprocessor can be scaled according to the Moore's law, basically doubling its performance in every 18 months. Only recently, the energy efficiency of semiconductor integrated circuits has become a concern than their computational capabilities since their power dissipation scales nonlinear with clock frequency. The specific energy dissipation per logic operation for a modern semiconductor computer is still over 6 orders of magnitude above the thermodynamic threshold k<sub>B</sub>Tln2. It has been known for a long time that this thermodynamic limit on the energy dissipation per logic operation can be overcome by physically and logically reversible circuits. Reversible circuits based on nSQUIDs (negative SQUIDs) or dc SQUIDs (superconducting quantum interference device) with negative mutual inductance between the arms of the SQUID loop, are introduced and investigated in this thesis. First test reversible circuit contains one 8-stage shift register, cells that transfer the input data to the outputs. Dynamic of this circuit illustrates unique properties which agree well with theoretical analysis. Based on the knowledge from the study of shift register, a new timing belt clocking scheme built upon the moving vortices along long Josephson junction (LJJ) is introduced and analyzed. The test circuits for this new scheme contain two 8-stage shift registers, one with direct and the other with inverted outputs. The energy dissipation per nSQUID gate per bit measured for these test circuits at 4 K temperature is already below the thermodynamic threshold. A family of logical gates based on the new timing belt and nSQUIDs shift register are continued to be developed and these gates are capable of fundamentally low energy dissipation and the ability to operate in both irreversible and reversible modes. Moreover, the extremely low energy dissipation in these circuits makes them a natural candidate to support circuitry working in quantum mode with unique advantages.
Involvement of Fcε:RII/CD23 and L-argininedependent pathway in IgE-mediated stimulation of human monocyte functions (1994)

Elevated IgE levels are commonly observed during the inflammatory responses in allergy and a variety of infections. This Ig activates the release of multiple mediators from monocytes/macrophages. In the present work, we attempted to clarify the IgE-dependent events involved in the activation of monocyte functions. IgE-anti-IgE immune complexes induce the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, oxygen radicals, IL-6 and thromboxane B2 from normal human purified monocytes. Expression and cross-linkage of Fc epsilon RII/CD23 were essential for these IgE-mediated effects. Cytokine production following CD23 ligation depended on nitric oxide transduction pathway, as it was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, a competitive inhibitor of the conversion of L-arginine to L-citroline by nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, addition of the nitric oxide chemical donator, Sin-1, enhanced IgE-induced monokine release. CD23-ligation also induced the production of nitrites by these cells. This work linked CD23 to the L-arginine-dependent transduction pathway and shows their involvement in IgE-mediated stimulation of human monocytes.
Random Vibration Analysis of Composite Laminated Beams (2002)

The responses of composite laminated beams modeled with finite element and excited by stochastic loading are studied. The cantilevered laminated beam having a 5 ply configuration is considered. The beam is 1m long, 0.1m wide, and 0.02m thick, yielding a length to thickness ratio of L/h=50. The laminated beams was assumed to be made of Born Epoxy. The four nodes at the free end of the cantilever were loaded with identical zero-mean white noise excitations. Stress and failure analysis loaded with identical zero-mean white noise excitations is carried out. Along with the obtained results, comparison and discussion are presented for the cases of symmetric-ply, antisymmetric-ply, angle-ply, and cross-ply laminated beams.
Variant<i>ASGR1</i>Associated with a Reduced Risk of Coronary Artery Disease (2016)

ASGR1 haploinsufficiency was associated with reduced levels of non-HDL cholesterol and a reduced risk of coronary artery disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
Human blood basophils synthesize interleukin-2 binding sites (1990)

Recent data suggest that basophils express receptors for a variety of lymphokines. In this study we present the biochemical characterization of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor on the basophil surface membrane. Highly enriched populations (purity: 92% to 99%) of blood basophils were obtained from chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) patients (n = 3) by negative selection using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and complement. CGL basophils were found to bind CD25 MoAbs (n = 4) directed against different epitopes of the 55- to 60-Kd subunit of the IL-2 receptor (= Tac peptide). Immunoprecipitation experiments with lysates of purified CGL basophils and CD25 MoAbs showed a protein with a molecular weight of 60 Kd, equivalent to the Tac peptide on human T blasts. Quantitative binding studies and Scatchard plot analysis using radiolabeled recombinant human (rh) IL-2 indicated the presence of 12,000 +/- 4,700 low affinity IL-2 binding sites (kd = 66 nmol/L) per purified CGL basophil. Northern blot analysis with enriched CGL basophils showed two messenger RNA bands of 3.5 and 1.5 kilobases hybridizing to radiolabeled Tac cDNA. Immunoprecipitation of the Tac peptide from enriched basophils metabolically labeled with 35S- methionine showed active synthesis of the IL-2 receptor. Our results show that human blood basophils synthesize and express receptors for IL- 2.
Diversity and distribution of cholix toxin, a novel ADP‐ribosylating factor from <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (2010)

Non-toxigenic non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from both environmental and clinical settings carry a suite of virulence factors aside from cholera toxin. Among V. cholerae strains isolated from coastal waters of southern California, this includes cholix toxin, an ADP-ribosylating factor that is capable of halting protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. The prevalence of the gene encoding cholix toxin, chxA, was assessed among a collection of 155 diverse V. cholerae strains originating from both clinical and environmental settings in Bangladesh and Mexico and other countries around the globe. The chxA gene was present in 47% of 83 non-O1, non-O139 strains and 16% of 72 O1/O139 strains screened as part of this study. A total of 86 chxA gene sequences were obtained, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that they fall into two distinct clades. These two clades were also observed in the phylogenies of several housekeeping genes, suggesting that the divergence observed in chxA extends to other regions of the V. cholerae genome, and most likely has arisen from vertical descent rather than horizontal transfer. Our results clearly indicate that ChxA is a major toxin of V. cholerae with a worldwide distribution that is preferentially associated with non-pandemic strains.
Arrays of Inorganic Semiconducting Compounds (1959)

Arrays of compounds related to the periodic chart of the elements can be prepared. These arrays aid in estimating the physical and chemical properties of compounds, including semiconducting properties. Many compounds included in the arrays may not exist; however, if the compound does exist, the value of its melting point, energy gap, and electron mobility generally fit into a uniform pattern related to adjacent compounds. The crystal structure of semiconducting compounds is shown to be of only second‐order importance. Grouping semiconducting compounds by crystal types loses the over‐all relations that exist between many compounds.
Anesthesia and preoperative and postoperative medications (1997)

Retrobulbar blocks, although widely used, still have potentially serious complications. Topical anesthesia presents less risk of injury to the globe and less pain but requires careful usage and an experienced surgeon. New techniques, however, allow for an increase in the percentage of patients able to have topical anesthesia. Preoperatively, 2.5% phenylephrine is found to be just as effective as 10% phenylephrine, and, when compared with wound closure and surgeon's experience, the effect of prophylactic medications was found to be negated. Postoperatively, diclofenac is found to be as effective an anti-inflammatory agent as prednisolone. Also, the addition of 10% phenylephrine to 4% pilocarpine drops enhances the effectiveness of pharmacologic treatment of postoperative iridocorneal adhesions. In addition, ophthalmologists should be aware of emerging antibiotic resistance.
Polymer Organic Light-Emitting Devices with Cathodes Transferred under Ambient Conditions (2011)

We fabricated polymer organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with an aluminum cathode transferred under ambient conditions from a separately prepared transfer film in order to achieve complete, vacuum-free fabrication of polymer OLEDs. Transfer of aluminum (Al) and lithium fluoride on aluminum (LiF/Al) onto polymer OLEDs as a cathode revealed problems in device performance due to native aluminum oxide and the stability of the LiF layer under ambient conditions, respectively. In contrast, the device fabricated with the transfer of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3)-doped poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on aluminum as a cathode showed lower turn-on voltage, and enhanced efficiency and stability. This method may provide an easy way to fabricate low-cost polymer OLEDs using complete, vacuum-free processes.
<i>CrystFEL</i>: a software suite for snapshot serial crystallography (2012)

In order to address the specific needs of the emerging technique of `serial femtosecond crystallography', in which structural information is obtained from small crystals illuminated by an X-ray free-electron laser, a new software suite has been created. The constituent programs deal with viewing, indexing, integrating, merging and evaluating the quality of the data, and also simulating patterns. The specific challenges addressed chiefly concern the indexing and integration of large numbers of diffraction patterns in an automated manner, and so the software is designed to be fast and to make use of multi-core hardware. Other constituent programs deal with the merging and scaling of large numbers of intensities from randomly oriented snapshot diffraction patterns. The suite uses a generalized representation of a detector to ease the use of more complicated geometries than those familiar in conventional crystallography. The suite is written in C with supporting Perl and shell scripts, and is available as source code under version 3 or later of the GNU General Public License.
The Zinc Finger Protein 202 (ZNF202) Is a Transcriptional Repressor of ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1 Gene Expression and a Modulator of Cellular Lipid Efflux (2001)

The zinc finger gene 202 (ZNF202) located within a hypoalphalipoproteinemia susceptibility locus on chromosome 11q23 is a transcriptional repressor of various genes involved in lipid metabolism. To provide further evidence for a functional linkage between ZNF202 and hypoalphalipoproteinemia, we investigated the effect of ZNF202 expression on ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1. ABCA1 is a key regulator of the plasma high density lipoprotein pool size, whereas ABCG1 is another mediator of cellular cholesterol and phospholipid efflux in human macrophage. We demonstrate here that the full-length ZNF202m1 isoform binds to GnT repeats within the promotors of ABCA1 (-229/-210) and ABCG1 (-572/-552). ZNF202m1 expression in HepG2 cells dose-dependently repressed the promotor activities of ABCA1 and ABCG1. This transcriptional effect required the presence of the SCAN domain in ZNF202 and the functional integrity of a TATA box at position -24 of ABCA1, whereas the presence of GnT binding motifs was nonessential. The state of ZNF202 SCAN domain oligomerization affected the ability of the adjacent ZNF202 Krüppel-associated box domain to recruit the transcriptional corepressor KAP1. Overexpression of ZNF202m1 in RAW264.7 macrophages prevented the induction of ABCA1 gene expression by 20(S)OH-cholesterol and 9-cis-retinoic acid, further substantiating the interference of ZNF202 in critical elements of transcriptional activation. Finally, HDL and apoAImediated lipid efflux was significantly reduced in RAW264.7 cells stably expressing ZNF202m1. In conclusion, we have identified ABCA1 and ABCG1 as target genes for ZNF202-mediated repression and thus, provide evidence for a functional linkage between ZNF202 and hypoalphalipoproteinemia.
Formation of gas-phase methyl radicals over magnesium oxide (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of gas-phase methyl radicals over magnesium oxideDaniel J. Driscoll, Wilson Martir, Ji Xiang Wang, and Jack H. LunsfordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1, 58–63Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00287a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00287a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1578Altmetric-Citations477LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts