gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient storage, retrieval and analysis of poker hands: An adaptive data framework (2017)

Abstract In online gambling, poker hands are one of the most popular and fundamental units of the game state and can be considered objects comprising all the events that pertain to the single hand played. In a situation where tens of millions of poker hands are produced daily and need to be stored and analysed quickly, the use of relational databases no longer provides high scalability and performance stability. The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient way of storing and retrieving poker hands in a big data environment. We propose a new, read-optimised storage model that offers significant data access improvements over traditional database systems as well as the existing Hadoop file formats such as ORC, RCFile or SequenceFile. Through index-oriented partition elimination, our file format allows reducing the number of file splits that needs to be accessed, and improves query response time up to three orders of magnitude in comparison with other approaches. In addition, our file format supports a range of new indexing structures to facilitate fast row retrieval at a split level. Both index types operate independently of the Hive execution context and allow other big data computational frameworks such as MapReduce or Spark to benefit from the optimized data access path to the hand information. Moreover, we present a detailed analysis of our storage model and its supporting index structures, and how they are organised in the overall data framework. We also describe in detail how predicate based expression trees are used to build effective file-level execution plans. Our experimental tests conducted on a production cluster, holding nearly 40 billion hands which span over 4000 partitions, show that multi-way partition pruning outperforms other existing file formats, resulting in faster query execution times and better cluster utilisation.
Assessment of middle cerebral artery diameter during hypocapnia and hypercapnia in humans using ultra-high-field MRI (2014)

In the evaluation of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity measurements, it is often assumed that the diameter of the large intracranial arteries insonated by transcranial Doppler remains unaffected by changes in arterial CO2 partial pressure. However, the strong cerebral vasodilatory capacity of CO2 challenges this assumption, suggesting that there should be some changes in diameter, even if very small. Data from previous studies on effects of CO2 on cerebral artery diameter [middle cerebral artery (MCA)] have been inconsistent. In this study, we examined 10 healthy subjects (5 women, 5 men, age 21-30 yr). High-resolution (0.2 mm in-plane) MRI scans at 7 Tesla were used for direct observation of the MCA diameter during hypocapnia, -1 kPa (-7.5 mmHg), normocapnia, 0 kPa (0 mmHg), and two levels of hypercapnia, +1 and +2 kPa (7.5 and 15 mmHg), with respect to baseline. The vessel lumen was manually delineated by two independent observers. The results showed that the MCA diameter increased by 6.8 ± 2.9% in response to 2 kPa end-tidal P(CO2) (PET(CO2)) above baseline. However, no significant changes in diameter were observed at the -1 kPa (-1.2 ± 2.4%), and +1 kPa (+1.4 ± 3.2%) levels relative to normocapnia. The nonlinear response of the MCA diameter to CO2 was fitted as a continuous calibration curve. Cerebral blood flow changes measured by transcranial Doppler could be corrected by this calibration curve using concomitant PET(CO2) measurements. In conclusion, the MCA diameter remains constant during small deviations of the PET(CO2) from normocapnia, but increases at higher PET(CO2) values.
Layer-by-layer assembly of microcapsules and their biomedical applications (2012)

Nanoengineered multifunctional capsules with tailored structures and properties are of particular interest due to their multifunctions and potential applications as new colloidal structures in diverse fields. Among the available fabrication methods, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of multilayer films onto colloidal particles followed by selective template removal has attracted extensive attention due to its advantages of precise control over the size, shape, composition, wall thickness and functions of the obtained capsules. The past decade has witnessed a rapid increase of research concerning the new fabrication strategies, functionalization and applications of this kind of capsules, particularly in the biomedical fields such as drug delivery, biosensors and bioreactors. In this critical review, the very recent progress of the multilayer capsules is summarized. First, the advances in assembly of capsules by the LbL technique are introduced with focus on tailoring the properties of hydrogen-bonded multilayer capsules by cross-linking, and fabrication of capsules based on covalent bonding and bio-specific interactions. Then the fabrication strategies which can speed up capsule fabrication are reviewed. In the following sections, the multi-compartmental capsules and the capsules that can transform their shape under stimulus are presented. Finally, the biomedical applications of multilayer capsules with particular emphasis on drug carriers, biosensors and bioreactors are described (306 references).
Infrared Detectable MoS<sub>2</sub> Phototransistor and Its Application to Artificial Multilevel Optic-Neural Synapse (2019)

Layered two-dimensional (2D) materials have entered the spotlight as promising channel materials for future optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent electrical and optoelectronic properties. However, their limited photodetection range caused by their wide bandgap remains a principal challenge in 2D layered materials-based phototransistors. Here, we developed a germanium (Ge)-gated MoS<sub>2</sub> phototransistor that can detect light in the region from visible to infrared (λ = 520-1550 nm) using a detection mechanism based on band bending modulation. In addition, the Ge-gated MoS<sub>2</sub> phototransistor is proposed as a multilevel optic-neural synaptic device, which performs both optical-sensing and synaptic functions on one device and is operated in different current ranges according to the light conditions: dark, visible, and infrared. This study is expected to contribute to the development of 2D material-based phototransistors and synaptic devices in next-generation optoelectronics.
Suppression of acute and chronic inflammation by orally administered prostaglandins (1981)

Oral administration of a stable analog of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) 15-(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin E1, can suppress both chronic adjuvant-induced polyarthritis and acute immune complex-induced vasculitis in a dose dependent manner. Histopathologic studies of tibiotarsal joints from rats with adjuvant disease showed suppression of arthritis in animals treated with the PGE1 analog from time of adjuvant challenge. This study represents the first demonstration of suppressed experimental polyarthritis by an orally administered prostaglandin. Suppression of the acute immune complex-induced vasculitis was demonstrated using 15- methyl-PGE1 administered orally 12 hours prior to antigen-antibody challenge. Diminution of tissue injury resulting from immune complex-induced vasculitis is reflected by a decrease in vaso-permeability, indicating suppressed vascular damage in animals treated with prostaglandin. These studies demonstrate the potential use of orally active prostaglandins as an antiinflammatory agent.
Facile Synthesis of BiCuOS by Hydrothermal Methods (2007)

BiCuOS, which is isostructural to the layered rare-earth oxysulfides LnCuOS (Ln = La-Eu), was synthesized by a single-step hydrothermal reaction at low temperature (250 degrees C) and pressure (<20 atm). Particular emphasis is placed on how the selection of the proper reaction conditions, such as temperature and pH, achieves a mutual high solubility of the metal-oxide reactants, Bi2O3 and Cu2O, and thus generates BiCuOS in a good yield. The optical and electrical properties of BiCuOS were measured to determine the influence of replacing a rare-earth cation with bismuth. The electrical conductivity of BiCuOS is increased over that of certain layered rare-earth oxysulfides, LnCuOS (Ln = La, Pr, and Nd), and is similar to that of the cerium members, CeCuOS and CeAgOS. Band structure calculations reveal that, similar to other potential transparent conductors containing sixth-row elements, relativistic effects significantly lower the energy of the conduction band, and thus narrow the optical band gap. These low-energy conduction bands are responsible for the electrical and optical properties of BiCuOS.
Study of Adsorption of Hydrogen on Al, Cu, Mg, Ti Surfaces in Al Alloy Melt via First Principles Calculation (2017)

Adsorption of hydrogen on Al(111), Cu(111), Mg(0001), and Ti(0001) surfaces have been investigated by means of first principles calculation. The calculation of surface energy indicates that Mg(0001) is the most stable surface, while Ti(0001) is the most unstable surface among all the four calculated surfaces. The obtained adsorption energy shows that the interaction between Al and H atoms should be energetically unfavorable, and the adsorption of hydrogen on Mg(0001) surface was found to be energetically preferred. Besides, the stability of hydrogen adsorption on studied surfaces increased in the order of Al(111), Ti(0001), Cu(111), Mg(0001). Calculation results also reveal that hydrogen adsorption on fcc and hcp sites are energetically stable compared with top and bridge sites for Ti(0001), Cu(111), and Mg(0001), while hydrogen adsorbing at the top site of Al(111) is the most unstable state compared with other sites. The calculated results agreed well with results from experiments and values in other calculations.
The Open Classroom (1972)

am aware that openness to some persons spells chaos, fear, and insecurity; for this they cannot be blamed because this is all they have experienced. They feel that at times openness is a cover for maliciousness and irresponsibility. They see an open classroom as a hot bed of undesirable problems because openness is understood by many as freedom with license. To many, doing one's own thing can mean disorder, abuse, and laziness. The open classroom points to the belief that public education needs change. It seeks to effect that change through providing quality education for students in a setting that is also an integral part of the institution and community. The open classroom I feel can provide quality education in a humane and open setting which deals with each student's individual capacities, needs, and interests. Since the amount of knowledge in the world continues to accumulate at
LOCAL USE OF SULFANILAMIDE IN OTOGENIC INFECTIONS (1942)

Chemotherapy has become an important means for the effective combating of infections, which previously depended on less specific agents. Sulfanilamide, which was one of the first drugs synthesized, has been used with success against otogenic infections. Many operations for acute mastoiditis have been avoided by early use of this drug. Investigative studies have shown that under certain in vitro conditions sulfanilamide is effective in its bacteriostatic property in a dilution of 1:10,000. In higher concentrations, however, the bactericidal and bacteriostatic influences may be augmented considerably. Clinically, a blood concentration of free sulfanilamide up to 10 to 20 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters can be obtained. The solubility of sulfanilamide at body temperature is about 0.8 per cent. It has been demonstrated that many substances, including peptone, may interfere with the action of sulfanilamide on micro-organisms. In an active focus of infection to which the blood supply is impaired, because of
Smart antennas for 3G and future-generation code division multiple access wireless communications (2002)

This paper presents three simple smart antenna algorithms without eigenvector findings and compares them with a conventional smart antenna with eigenvector finding. Either the maximum output power or the maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise-output power ratio (SINR/sub 0/) criteria are used to develop the simple smart antennas. The proposed smart antennas require computational loads of the order 4M or 4M+2M/sup 2/ per snapshot where M is the number of antennas while the conventional smart antenna requires order larger than M/sup 2/ due to the generalized eigenvector finding. Furthermore, the proposed simple antennas can show lower bit error rate (BER) results than the conventional one when multipath channels have unequal strength and interference comes from a cluster of many other users, e.g., users in a building.
Efficient Segmentation: Learning Downsampling Near Semantic Boundaries (2019)

Many automated processes such as auto-piloting rely on a good semantic segmentation as a critical component. To speed up performance, it is common to downsample the input frame. However, this comes at the cost of missed small objects and reduced accuracy at semantic boundaries. To address this problem, we propose a new content-adaptive downsampling technique that learns to favor sampling locations near semantic boundaries of target classes. Cost-performance analysis shows that our method consistently outperforms the uniform sampling improving balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. Our adaptive sampling gives segmentation with better quality of boundaries and more reliable support for smaller-size objects.
A Low-Power, Wide-Dynamic-Range Semi-Digital Universal Sensor Readout Circuit Using Pulsewidth Modulation (2010)

We present a low-power, low complexity, and wide-dynamic-range universal sensor readout circuit that converts the sensing capacitance or resistance changes to digital duty cycles based on pulsewidth modulation (PWM). The readout circuit utilizes a RC-controlled pulse generator and produces pulse signals whose duration width is proportional to the charging time. The circuit is comprised of complementary CMOS circuit that enables the proposed design to consume significantly less power compared with traditional designs. The proposed design is universal and can be configured according to the application requirements. The sensor interface chip is designed and fabricated in TSMC 0.13- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu {\rm m}$</tex> </formula> CMOS technology. The proposed interface achieves 13-aF to 10.7-nF capacitance and 5- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Omega$</tex> </formula> to 11.5- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm M}\Omega$</tex></formula> resistance sensing ranges with 60- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu {\rm W}$</tex></formula> power consumption. The functionality of the full circuit, including circuit analysis, noise analysis and measurement results, has been demonstrated.
Protective Effect of Klotho against Ischemic Brain Injury Is Associated with Inhibition of RIG-I/NF-κB Signaling (2018)

Aging is the greatest independent risk factor for the occurrence of stroke and poor outcomes, at least partially through progressive increases in oxidative stress and inflammation with advanced age. Klotho is an antiaging gene, the expression of which declines with age. Klotho may protect against neuronal oxidative damage that is induced by glutamate. The present study investigated the effects of Klotho overexpression and knockdown by an intracerebroventricular injection of a lentiviral vector that encoded murine Klotho (LV-KL) or rat Klotho short-hairpin RNA (LV-KL shRNA) on cerebral ischemia injury and the underlying anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism. The overexpression of Klotho induced by LV-KL significantly improved neurobehavioral deficits and increased the number of live neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and caudate putamen subregions 72 h after cerebral hypoperfusion that was induced by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) in mice. The overexpression of Klotho significantly decreased the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1, the expression of retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I, the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6) in 2VO mice. The knockdown of Klotho mediated by LV-KL shRNA in the brain exacerbated neurological dysfunction and cerebral infarct after 22 h of reperfusion following 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. These findings suggest that Klotho itself or enhancers of Klotho may compensate for its aging-related decline, thus providing a promising therapeutic approach for acute ischemic stroke during advanced age.
Fractionation and Characterization of Basic Proline-Rich Peptides of Human Parotid Saliva and the Amino Acid Sequence of Proline-Rich Peptide P-E (1982)

Basic proline-rich peptides of human parotid saliva were fractionated and characterized. The amino acid sequence of one of the purified peptides, P-E, was determined to be (formula: see text). The results demonstrate the repetitiveness of the partial sequence within the molecule and the occurrence of structures common to those of other salivary polypeptides such as P-C and Protein C.
Histology of the healing tympanic membrane following perforation in rats (2010)

TM wound healing contrasts with cutaneous wound healing in that keratinocytes are the first cells to close the wound and not the last. A keratin scaffold may not be important in the healing process. The malleus plays a crucial role in the healing of the TM and is the site of significant mitotic activity during the healing process. Migration across layers of the TM appears to account for the closure of the perforation.
Dose‐response characteristics of an amorphous silicon EPID (2005)

Electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) were originally developed for the purpose of patient setup verification. Nowadays, they are increasingly used as dosimeters (e.g., for IMRT verification and linac-specific QA). A prerequisite for any clinical dosimetric application is a detailed understanding of the detector's dose-response behavior. The aim of this study is to investigate the dosimetric properties of an amorphous silicon EPID (Elekta IVIEWGT) with respect to three photon beam qualities: 6, 10, and 25 MV. The EPID showed an excellent temporal stability on short term as well as on long term scales. The stability throughout the day was strongly influenced by warming up, which took several hours and affected EPID response by 2.5%. Ghosting effects increased the sensitivity of the EPID. They became more pronounced with decreasing time intervals between two exposures as well as with increasing dose. Due to ghosting, changes in pixel sensitivity amounted up to 16% (locally) for the 25 MV photon beam. It was observed that the response characteristics of our EPID depended on dose as well as on dose rate. Doubling the dose rate increased the EPID sensitivity by 1.5%. This behavior was successfully attributed to a dose per frame effect, i.e., a nonlinear relationship between the EPID signal and the dose which was delivered to the panel between two successive readouts. The sensitivity was found to vary up to 10% in the range of 1 to 1000 monitor units. This variation was governed by two independent effects. For low doses, the EPID signal was reduced due to the linac's changing dose rate during startup. Furthermore, the detector reading was influenced by intrabeam variations of EPID sensitivity, namely, an increase of detector response during uniform exposure. For the beam qualities which were used, the response characteristics of the EPID did not depend on energy. Differences in relative dose-response curves resulted from energy dependent temporal output characteristics of the accelerator. If ghosting is prevented from affecting the results and all dose-response effects are properly corrected for, the EPID signal becomes independent of dose rate, dose, and exposure time.
Anisotropic multicomponent topology optimization for additive manufacturing with build orientation design and stress-constrained interfaces (2019)

This paper presents a multicomponent topology optimization method for designing structures assembled from additively-manufactured components, considering anisotropic material behavior for each component due to its build orientation, distinct material behavior and stress constraint at component interfaces (i.e., joints). Based upon the multicomponent topology optimization (MTO) framework, the simultaneous optimization of structural topology, its partitioning, and the build orientations of each component is achieved, which maximizes an assembly-level structural stiffness performance subject to maximum stress constraints at component interfaces. The build orientations of each component are modeled by its orientation tensor that avoids numerical instability experienced by the conventional angular representation. A new joint model is introduced at component interfaces, which enables the identification of the interface location, the specification of a distinct material tensor, and imposing maximum stress constraints during optimization. Both 2D and 3D numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effect of the build orientation anisotropy and the component interface behavior on the resulting multicomponent assemblies.
FMRP interacts with G-quadruplex structures in the 3’-UTR of its dendritic target Shank1 mRNA (2014)

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability, is caused by the loss of expression of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP, which regulates the transport and translation of specific mRNAs, uses its RGG box domain to bind mRNA targets that form G-quadruplex structures. One of the FMRP in vivo targets, Shank1 mRNA, encodes the master scaffold proteins of the postsynaptic density (PSD) which regulate the size and shape of dendritic spines because of their capacity to interact with many different PSD components. Due to their effect on spine morphology, altered translational regulation of Shank1 transcripts may contribute to the FXS pathology. We hypothesized that the FMRP interactions with Shank1 mRNA are mediated by the recognition of the G quadruplex structure, which has not been previously demonstrated. In this study we used biophysical techniques to analyze the Shank1 mRNA 3'-UTR and its interactions with FMRP and its phosphorylated mimic FMRP S500D. We found that the Shank1 mRNA 3 ' -UTR adopts two very stable intramolecular G-quadruplexes which are bound specifically and with high affinity by FMRP both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest a role of G-quadruplex RNA motif as a structural element in the common mechanism of FMRP regulation of its dendritic mRNA targets.
Murine Ciliotoxicity and Rabbit Sinus Mucosal Healing by Polyhydrated Ionogen (2011)

Success of functional endoscopic sinus surgery depends on restoration of normal mucociliary clearance. Topical PHI application has previously been demonstrated to significantly increase dermal wound healing. PHI solution is not ciliotoxic, and daily topical PHI or PHI MgBr2 irrigation enhances ciliated remucosalization compared with saline.