gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the Isoamylase Gene of <i>Flavobacterium odoratum</i> KU in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Identification of Essential Residues of the Enzyme by Site-Directed Mutagenesis (1999)

The isoamylase gene from Flavobacterium odoratum KU was cloned into and expressed in Escherichia coli JM109. The promoter of the gene was successful in E. coli, and the enzyme produced was excreted into the culture medium, depending on the amount of the enzyme expressed. The enzyme found in the culture medium showed almost the same M(r), heat-inactivating constant, and N-terminal sequence as those of the enzyme accumulated in the periplasmic space. This result indicated that the enzyme accumulated in an active form at the periplasm was transported out of the cell. The primary sequence of the enzyme, which was deduced from its nucleotide sequence, showed that the mature enzyme consisted of 741 amino acid residues. By changing five possible residues to Ala independently, it was found that Asp-374, Glu-422, and Asp-497 were essential. The sequences around those residues were highly conserved in isoamylases of different origins and the glycogen operon protein X, GlgX. The comparison of the distance between these essential residues with those of various amylases suggested that the bacterial and plant isoamylase but not GlgX had a longer fourth loop than the other amylases. This longer fourth loop had a possible role in accommodating the long branched chains of native glycogens and starches.
Gastrointestinal Nutrient Infusion Site and Eating Behavior: Evidence for A Proximal to Distal Gradient within the Small Intestine? (2016)

The rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity demands new strategies focusing on prevention and treatment of this significant health care problem. In the search for new and effective therapeutic modalities for overweight subjects, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is increasingly considered as an attractive target for medical and food-based strategies. The entry of nutrients into the small intestine activates so-called intestinal "brakes", negative feedback mechanisms that influence not only functions of more proximal parts of the GI tract but also satiety and food intake. Recent evidence suggests that all three macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrates) are able to activate the intestinal brake, although to a different extent and by different mechanisms of action. This review provides a detailed overview of the current evidence for intestinal brake activation of the three macronutrients and their effects on GI function, satiety, and food intake. In addition, these effects appear to depend on region and length of infusion in the small intestine. A recommendation for a therapeutic approach is provided, based on the observed differences between intestinal brake activation.
A remorin protein interacts with symbiotic receptors and regulates bacterial infection (2010)

Remorin proteins have been hypothesized to play important roles during cellular signal transduction processes. Induction of some members of this multigene family has been reported during biotic interactions. However, no roles during host-bacteria interactions have been assigned to remorin proteins until now. We used root nodule symbiosis between Medicago truncatula and Sinorhizobium meliloti to study the roles of a remorin that is specifically induced during nodulation. Here we show that this oligomeric remorin protein attaches to the host plasma membrane surrounding the bacteria and controls infection and release of rhizobia into the host cytoplasm. It interacts with the core set of symbiotic receptors that are essential for perception of bacterial signaling molecules, and thus might represent a plant-specific scaffolding protein.
Fusion based object detection (2010)

Fusion based object detection method presented herein combines local and global features for object detection. The cluster based part detection facilitates adequate representation for the individual local parts of an image that carry the significant features of the object. The chain code is used for deriving the local and global information. The genetic algorithm is used to combine all the local and global features. The algorithm is tested on a set of real-world images which contain side views of cars and found to yield very good results with no false alarm within the data base that was used for testing.
Contextual phenomena and thematic relations in database QA dialogues (2006)

Considering data obtained from a corpus of database QA dialogues, we address the nature of the discourse structure needed to resolve the several kinds of contextual phenomena found in our corpus. We look at the thematic relations holding between questions and the preceding context and discuss to which extent thematic relatedness plays a role in discourse structure.
Methodological concerns using intra‐cortical pins to measure tibiofemoral kinematics (2003)

The complexity of human tibiofemoral joint motion is now better understood with the advancement of new methodologies to measure tibiofemoral kinematics in vivo. Marker clusters anchored to stainless steel bone pins inserted directly into the femur and tibia provide the most sensitive and accurate means for directly measuring skeletal tibiofemoral joint motion. Despite its invasiveness, this technique has been successful, although complications have been reported with the femoral pin and its insertion site. The purpose of this technical report is twofold: to review the difficulties with the femoral pin and its insertion site from a historical perspective, and to identify the load force required from biological tissue to permanently deform the pin. In addition, proposals in the advancement of this method are discussed in the context of reducing impingement with the femoral pin and the Iliotibial band. Because stainless steel exhibits plastic behaviour with no sharp yield point, Apex self-drilling/self-tapping bone pins underwent incremental loading on an Instron materials testing machine. Loads were transmitted perpendicular to the pin with the threads partially exposed and fully secured in vice. Since the accuracy of our combined stereophotogrammetry and Optoelectric motion analysis was less than 0.4 mm, it was decided that plastic deformation occurred after deflections of 0.4 mm. With exposed threads, deflections larger than 0.4 mm were observed at 150 N and 100 N when loads were applied at 15 mm and 20 mm from the vice (representative of where the tissue came in contact with the pin). Loads greater than 200 N produced deflections less than 0.2 mm when threads were fully inserted. The 90 Hz resonant frequency for the marker cluster-bone pin complex is beyond the spectrum of human movement and can be lowpass filtered. To reduce impingement and pin bending, one solution may be to implant pins with a shorter threaded section. By completely penetrating the bone, only the smooth surface of the pin is exposed which is more resistant to bending. Otherwise pins with larger diameters and longer longitudinal incisions about the femoral insertion site are an alternative. Lengthening the longitudinal incisions about the insertion site, and correctly aligning and inserting the femoral pin between the Iliotibial band and quadriceps tendon may diminish impingement. Performing dynamic open chain flexion and extension movements while on the operating table may aid in aligning the pin at the incision site. This may stretch the IT band and quadriceps tendon and may guide the femoral pin into a more optimal position prior to it being inserted into the cortex of the bone.
Direct-Detection LADAR Systems (2010)

This text is designed to introduce engineers-in-training to the basic concepts and operation of 3D imaging LADAR systems. The book covers laser range equations; sources of noise in LADAR signals; LADAR waveforms; the effects of wavefront propagation on LADAR beams through optical systems and atmospheric turbulence; algorithms for detecting, ranging, and tracking targets; and comprehensive system simulation. Computer code for accomplishing the many examples appearing throughout the text is provided. Exercises appear at the end of each chapter, allowing students to apply concepts studied throughout the text to fundamental problems encountered by LADAR engineers. Also included is a CD-ROM with the MATLAB code from the examples.
Asparagine-linked oligosaccharide processing in lepidopteran insect cells. Temporal dependence of the nature of the oligosaccharides assembled on asparagine-289 of recombinant human plasminogen produced in baculovirus vector infected Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLB-SF-21AE) cells (1991)

Previous studies from this laboratory have established that lepidopteran insect cells possess the glycosylation machinery needed to assemble N-linked complex-type oligosaccharides on Asn289 of recombinant human plasminogen (r-HPg). In the present paper, we show that the nature of N289-linked glycosylation of [R561E]r-HPg expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLB-SF-21AE) cells is dependent upon the length of time of infection of the cells with the recombinant baculovirus/HPg-cDNA construct. At the earliest postinfection (p.i.) time period studied, i.e., 0-20 h, virtually all (96%) of the oligosaccharides released with glycopeptidase F from N289 of the expressed r-HPg were of the high-mannose type and comprised nearly the full range of such structures, containing 3-9 mannose units. At a time window of 60-96 h, p.i., essentially all of the oligosaccharides (92% of the total) assembled on N289 of rHPg were of the biantennary, triantennary, and tetraantennary complex classes, with varying extents of outer arm completion. At an intermediate time period window, of 20-60 h, p.i., a mixture of complex-type oligosaccharides, totaling approximately 77% of the glycans, with various levels of branching and outer arm completion, and high-mannose type of oligosaccharides, totaling approximately 23% of the glycans, was assembled on N289 of the r-HPg produced. These studies demonstrate that lepidopteran insect cells contain the glycosyltransferase genes required for assembly of N-linked complex oligosaccharide and that these transferases are utilized under proper conditions. The time dependency of the assembly of complex-type oligosaccharides on r-HPg indicates that an activation of the appropriate glycosyl transferases and/or transferase genes can take place. Thus, one consequence of the infective process with the recombinant baculovirus/HPg-cDNA construct is to alter the normal glycosylation characteristics of insect cells and to allow complex-type oligosaccharide processing to occur.
Pulsed XeCl laser annealing of ZnS:Mn thin films (1982)

We describe pulsed XeCl (308 nm) laser annealing of ZnS thin films implanted with Mn ions and deposited onto single-crystal Si substrates. Successful annealing of the films only occurs when the specimens are held under inert gas pressure of several atmospheres during the laser pulse in order to obtain melting and regrowth of the films without appreciable vaporization. Typically, specimens annealed under 90 pounds per square inch, gauge (psig) of Ne at laser energy densities in excess of ∼0.8 J cm−2 exhibit a higher Mn photoluminescence signal than comparable samples thermally annealed at 500 °C, the difference being a factor of ∼2 at 2.5 J cm−2. Evidence for increased crystallinity in these specimens after laser annealing has also been obtained.
Controlled Undercutting of V‐Groove Channels for InP by Photoresist Etch Mask (1988)

A photoresist etch mask process has been developed for the etching of v‐grooves in (001) for channeled substrate laser growth. The relationship between the photoresist (PR) mask undercutting and the dehydration bake temperatures, the postbake temperatures, and the photoresist thicknesses were studied. The native oxide growth during the bake processes was believed to give the extra large undercut.
Active Learning for Deep Detection Neural Networks (2019)

The cost of drawing object bounding boxes (i.e. labeling) for millions of images is prohibitively high. For instance, labeling pedestrians in a regular urban image could take 35 seconds on average. Active learning aims to reduce the cost of labeling by selecting only those images that are informative to improve the detection network accuracy. In this paper, we propose a method to perform active learning of object detectors based on convolutional neural networks. We propose a new image-level scoring process to rank unlabeled images for their automatic selection, which clearly outperforms classical scores. The proposed method can be applied to videos and sets of still images. In the former case, temporal selection rules can complement our scoring process. As a relevant use case, we extensively study the performance of our method on the task of pedestrian detection. Overall, the experiments show that the proposed method performs better than random selection.
A-GPS assisted Wi-Fi access point discovery on mobile devices for energy saving (2011)

Mobile devices have been shipped with multiple wireless network interfaces in order to meet their diverse communication and networking demands. In this paper, we propose an A-GPS assisted scheme that discovers the nearest Wi-Fi network access points (APs) by using user's location information. This allows the user to switch to the Wi-Fi interface in an intelligent manner when she/he arrives at the nearest Wi-Fi network AP. Therefore, it avoids the long periods in idle state and greatly reduces the number of unnecessary Wi-Fi scans on the mobile device. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme effectively saves energy for mobile devices integrated with Wi-Fi and cellular interfaces.
High resolution two dimensional readout of microchannel plates with large area delay lines (1989)

A large-area (140 mm*140 mm) delay line anode has been used to read out microchannel plates (MCPs) at high resolution. Two-dimensional images in which the individual MCP microchannels were resolved were made at an MCP charge of 2.4*10/sup 7/ e. A FWHM resolution of approximately 18 mu m has been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growth Kinetics of Amyloid-like Fibrils Derived from Individual Subunits of Soy β-Conglycinin (2011)

The amyloid-like fibrillation of soy β-conglycinin subunits (α, α', and β) upon heating (0-20 h) at 85 °C and pH 2.0 was characterized using dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism (CD), binding to amyloid dyes (Thioflavin T and Congo red), and atomic force microscopy. The fibrillation of all three subunits was accompanied by progressive polypeptide hydrolysis. The hydrolysis behaviors, fibrillation kinetics, and morphologies of amyloid-like fibrils considerably varied among α, α', and β subunits. Faster hydrolysis rates and special fragments were observed for the α and α' subunits compared to the β subunit. However, the order of the fibrillation rate and capacity to form β-sheets was α' > β > α, as evidenced by CD and Thioflavin T data. Moreover, sequential growth of twisted screw-structure fibrils, leading to macroscopic fibrils with distinct morphological characteristics, was observed for β-conglycinin and individual subunits. The different fibrillation kinetics and morphologies of α, α', and β subunits appear to be associated with the differences in the amino acid composition and typical sequence of peptides. Besides, the disruption of ordered structure of fibrils occurred upon further heating (6-20 h) due to extensive hydrolysis. These results would suggest that all subunits are involved in the fibrillation of β-conglycinin, following multiple steps including polypeptide hydrolysis, assembly to amyloid structure, and growth into macroscopic fibrils with a fibril shaving process.
Analysis of an aperture coupled microstrip antenna (1986)

A microstrip patch antenna that is coupled to a microstripline by an aperture in the intervening ground plane is analyzed. Coupled integral equations are formulated by using the Green's functions for grounded dielectric slabs so that the analysis includes all coupling effects and the radiation and surface wave effects of both substrates. A Galerkin moment method solution of the coupled integral equations agrees quite well with measured data. Design data are contained in parameter studies, many of which are verified by experimental results.
Lunar Surface Suit Telemetry and Voice Communications (1965)

When an extra-vehicular suited astronaut steps onto the hostile environment of the lunar surface, he is essentially operating in his own personal spacecraft - the extra-vehicular suit system. The primary function of this system is of course, life support, but at least secondary in importance is the communications link with the lunar spacecraft and earth. Another function supplied by the system is suit telemetry to safeguard the astronaut's well being, as observed by monitors on earth. This includes the transmission of physiological data as well as suit environmental and performance data. The latter includes such things as suit pressure and the amount of oxygen remaining in the suit system. This paper describes the two functions of voice communications and suit telemetry. It includes functional requirements of the communication system which encompass range, relay links, and redundant modes. Design considerations are also briefly covered including past development work leading to the present prototype system. The paper also describes some of the hardware implementation problems including suit antenna considerations.
A 128X1024-Element TDI Image Sensor With Small, High Performance Pixels (1988)

TDI image sensors for advanced reconnaissance cameras preferably have pixels that are both small in size and high in performance. The high performance refers especially to primary responsivity (quantum efficiency convolved over the optical bandwidth of the camera), charge handling capacity and MTF, but other properties such as dark current, readout speed and noise are also very important. These image sensors are typically assembled into focal planes having 6000-15,000 pixels in the electronic scan direction. This paper describes one such array and reports on its performance in strobe-light bench tests. The pixel size is 15um square. In order to store a maximum amount of charge in such a small pixel, we have used 4-phase CCD registers and implanted channel stops to achieve a 40% charge storage area as has been done before in an array with larger pixels. The gate dielectric structure has an equivalent oxide thickness of only 600A providing a pixel charge storage capacity of 1.5X106 el with 10V clocks. (Whereas a television sensor can give a high quality signal for commercial television from pixels that saturate near 1.5X105 el, reconnaissance cameras often require significantly higher capacity.) In order to achieve high responsivity, the optimum thickness of polysilicon, silicon nitride and silicon dioxide were determined by optical modeling for a 5500K blackbody illumination spectrum and for the spectral range of wavelengths greater than 500nm. Then, using a wafer-stepper with very high alignment accuracy, it was possible to achieve a CCD gate structure with overlaps of the order of 0.5um so that 85% of the pixel area has only one layer of polysilicon. With proper control of the thickness and quality of each layer, it was possible to achieve quantum efficiencies that averaged greater than 50% from 500 to 900nm. This high responsivity is very close to the predicted value of the model; this value was reduced from that of older designs because of the new constraint on dielectric thickness. High MTF in the TDI direction was achieved even though most of the signal charge in this device is stored at the silicon-silicon dioxide surface. The Nyquist MTF for wavelengths 4600nm is greater than 57%. This high value is attributed to the good charge transfer efficiency that is possible with a buried channel structure even when charge is stored at the surface.
Spectroscopic and Luminescence Studies on Square-Planar Platinum(II) Complexes with Anionic Tridentate 3-Bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindoline Derivatives (2010)

Reactions of 1,3-bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindoline (HL1), 1,3-bis(2-pyridylimino)benz(f)isoindoline (HL2), or 5,6-dihydro-2,3-diphenyl-5-(pyridin-2-ylimino)pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-ylidene)pyridin-2-amine (HL3) with Pt(tht)(2)Cl(2) (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) afforded the corresponding Pt(L)Cl complexes. A series of neutral platinum(II) alkynyl complexes Pt(L)(C[triple bond]CR) were prepared by reactions of the precursors Pt(L)Cl with alkynyl ligands through CuI-catalyzed platinum acetylide sigma coordination. Crystal structural determination of Pt(L3)Cl (3), Pt(L1)(C[triple bond]CPh) (4), and Pt(L1)(C[triple bond]CC(6)H(4)Bu(t)-4) (6) by X-ray crystallography revealed that the neutral platinum(Pi) complexes with monoanionic tridentate L ligands display more perfect square-planar geometry than that in platinum(II) complexes with neutral tridentate 2,2':6',2''-terpyridyl ligands. Both the Pt(L)Cl and Pt(L)(C[triple bond]CC(6)H(4)R-4) complexes exhibit low-energy absorption at 400-550 nm, arising primarily from pi --> pi*(L) intraligand (IL) and 5d(Pt) --> pi*(L) metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transitions as suggested from density functional theory calculations. They display bright-orange to red room-temperature luminescence in fluid dichloromethane solutions with microsecond to submicrosecond ranges of emissive lifetimes and 0.03-3.79% quantum yields, originating mainly from (3)IL and (3)MLCT excited states. Compared with the emissive state in Pt(L)Cl complexes, substitution of the coordinated Cl with C[triple bond]CC(6)H(4)R-4 in Pt(L)(C[triple bond]CC(6)H(4)R-4) complexes induces an obviously enhanced contribution from the (3)[pi(C[triple bond]CC(6)H(4)R-4) --> pi*(L)] ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer (LLCT) triplet state. The photophysical properties can be finely tuned by modifying both the L and alkynyl ligands. The calculated absorption and emission spectra in dichloromethane coincide well with those measured in a fluid dichloromethane solution at ambient temperature.
Measures of Analysis of Time Series (<b>MATS</b>): A<i>MATLAB</i>Toolkit for Computation of Multiple Measures on Time Series Data Bases (2010)

In many applications, such as physiology and finance, large time series data bases are to be analyzed requiring the computation of linear, nonlinear and other measures. Such measures have been developed and implemented in commercial and freeware softwares rather selectively and independently. The Measures of Analysis of Time Series (<b>MATS</b>) MATLAB toolkit is designed to handle an arbitrary large set of scalar time series and compute a large variety of measures on them, allowing for the specification of varying measure parameters as well. The variety of options with added facilities for visualization of the results support different settings of time series analysis, such as the detection of dynamics changes in long data records, resampling (surrogate or bootstrap) tests for independence and linearity with various test statistics, and discrimination power of different measures and for different combinations of their parameters. The basic features of <b>MATS</b> are presented and the implemented measures are briefly described. The usefulness of <b>MATS</b> is illustrated on some empirical examples along with screenshots.