gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Coherent Optical OFDM Multiplexing Using Fiber Frequency Conversion and Free-Running Lasers (2012)

We propose a concept for distributed coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing by fiber-frequency conversion for locally-defined exact channel mapping based on free-running lasers. Experiments with quadrature phase-shift keying and 16-quadrature-amplitude modulation subchannels show error-free performance.
Catalytic Antibodies with Lipase Activity and <i>R</i> or <i>S</i> Substrate Selectivity (1989)

The specific hydrolysis of unactivated esters bearing an R or S enantiomeric alcohol has been achieved by two separate classes of catalytic antibodies induced to bind either the R or S substrates. The antibodies exhibit rate accelerations (10(3) to 10(5] above background hydrolysis that, coupled with their antipodal specificity, provide a novel set of reagents for use in synthesis.
pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy (2017)

In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific delivery, tumor distribution, and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity and maximum therapeutic efficacy. This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform. Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid (BA) diol-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms an inclusion complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA) applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. The successful diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX] that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated dual targeting system. The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal mediated response. The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic activities were compared between cancer and normal cells. Lysosomal escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery.
International Capacity Building for Sustainable Growth: What Role for the World’s Learned Societies? (2010)

The problem of Learned Societies’ contribution in the international capacity building process and the engagement of societies from developing countries into it arises much concern nowadays. Thus the overview of contemporary UK Learned Societies’ initiatives aimed at strengthening scientists’ role in this process was recently made in the UK. It embraces historical background of informal scientific networks’ emergence and their participation in the S&T development on the national and global levels. The author therefore proposes a number of steps that should help to build strong relationships between Learned Societies and various funding bodies including governments.
Transformation of Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Cytokine Independence by Bcr-Abl Is Suppressed by Kinase-defective Hck (2000)

Bcr-Abl is the constitutively active protein-tyrosine kinase expressed as a result of the Philadelphia translocation in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Bcr-Abl is coupled to many of the same signaling pathways normally regulated by hematopoietic cytokines. Recent work shows that Hck, a member of the Src tyrosine kinase family with myeloid-restricted expression, associates with and is activated by Bcr-Abl. Here we investigated the mechanism of Hck interaction with Bcr-Abl and the requirement for Hck activation in Bcr-Abl transformation signaling. Binding studies demonstrated that the Hck SH3 and SH2 domains are sufficient for interaction with Bcr-Abl in vitro. Hck binding localizes to the Abl SH2, SH3, and kinase domains as well as the distal portion of the C-terminal tail. To address the requirement for endogenous Src family kinase activation in Bcr-Abl signaling, a kinase-defective mutant of Hck was stably expressed in the cytokine-dependent myeloid leukemia cell line DAGM. Kinase-defective Hck dramatically suppressed Bcr-Abl-induced outgrowth of these cells in the absence of cytokine compared with a control cell line expressing beta-galactosidase. In contrast, kinase-defective Hck did not affect cell proliferation in response to interleukin-3, suggesting that the effect is specific for Bcr-Abl. These data show that Hck interacts with Bcr-Abl through a complex mechanism involving kinase-dependent and -independent components and that interaction with Hck or other Src family members is essential for transformation signaling by Bcr-Abl.
Information-theoretic analysis of generalization capability of learning algorithms (2017)

We derive upper bounds on the generalization error of a learning algorithm in terms of the mutual information between its input and output. The bounds provide an information-theoretic understanding of generalization in learning problems, and give theoretical guidelines for striking the right balance between data fit and generalization by controlling the input-output mutual information. We propose a number of methods for this purpose, among which are algorithms that regularize the ERM algorithm with relative entropy or with random noise. Our work extends and leads to nontrivial improvements on the recent results of Russo and Zou.
A microfluidic device for continuous capture and concentration of microorganisms from potable water (2007)

A microfluidic device based on electrophoretic transport and electrostatic trapping of charged particles has been developed for continuous capture and concentration of microorganisms from water. Reclaimed and bottled water samples at pH values ranging from 5.2-6.5 were seeded with bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas) and viruses (MS-2 and Echovirus). Negative control and capture experiments were performed simultaneously using two identical devices. Culture based methods were utilized to characterize the capture efficiency as a function of the species type, time, flow rate, and applied electric field. Based on differences between the capture and negative control data, capture efficiencies of 90% to 99% are reported for E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, and MS-2, while the capture efficiency for Echovirus was between 70% and 80%. Overall, the device exhibits a 16.67 fold sample volume reduction within an hour at 6 mL h(-1) flow rate, resulting in a concentration factor of 14.2 at 85.2% capture efficiency. The device can function either as a filter or a sample concentrator without using any chemical additives. It can function as an integral component of a continuous, microbial capture and concentration system from large volumes of potable water.
Using Conceptual Spaces to Model Actions and Events (2012)

Actions and events are central to a semantics of natural language. In this article, we present a cognitively based model of these notions. After giving a general presentation of the theory of conceptual spaces, we explain how the analysis of perceptual concepts can be extended to actions and events. First, we argue that action space can be analyzed in the same way as, for example, colour space or shape space. Our hypothesis is that the categorization of actions depends, to a large extent, on the perception of forces. In line with this, we describe an action as a pattern of forces. We identify an action category as a convex region of action space. We review some indirect evidence for this representation. Second, we represent an event as an interaction between a force vector and a result vector. Typically an agent performs an action—that is, exerts a force—that changes the properties of the patient. Such a model of events is suitable for an analysis of the semantics of verbs. We compare the model to other related attempts from cognitive semantics.
Prandtl-, Rayleigh-, and Rossby-Number Dependence of Heat Transport in Turbulent Rotating Rayleigh-Bénard Convection (2009)

Experimental and numerical data for the heat transfer as a function of the Rayleigh, Prandtl, and Rossby numbers in turbulent rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection are presented. For relatively small Ra approximately 10(8) and large Pr modest rotation can enhance the heat transfer by up to 30%. At larger Ra there is less heat-transfer enhancement, and at small Pr less, similar 0.7 there is no heat-transfer enhancement at all. We suggest that the small-Pr behavior is due to the breakdown of the heat-transfer-enhancing Ekman pumping because of larger thermal diffusion.
The point-range tree (1993)

In this paper, we propose a data structure, the Point-Range Tree (PR-Tree), specifically designed for indexing intervals. With the PR-Tree, a point data can be queried against a set of intervals to determine which of those intervals overlap the point. The PR-tree allows dynamic insertions and deletions while it maintains itself balanced. A balanced PR-Tree takes Ο(log n) time for search. Insertion, deletion, and storage space have worst case requirements of Ο(n log n + m), Ο(n log2 n + m), and Ο(n log n), respectively, where n is the total number of intervals in the tree, and m the number of nodes visited during insertion and deletion. A modified version of the PR-Tree is also developed to minimize space usage. An additional advantage of the PR-Tree is that it can be easily extended to multi-dimensional domains.
Slow adaptive channel allocation for automatic frequency planning (2002)

One of the fundamental problems in a cellular phone network is to assign frequencies to base stations in a such way that interference in the system is minimized. A decentralized adaptive channel allocation algorithm for D-AMPS is analyzed. Base stations select frequencies based on repeated interference and bit error rate measurements on up- and downlink. Extensive simulations demonstrate good performance in terms of C/I-levels, convergence rate and stability. Simulation results also point to the need for downlink measurements when certain base stations have a fixed channel allocation.
Design of Tunable Band-pass Filters and Phase Shifters Using BST Thin Film (2002)

In this paper, the band-pass filters (BPFs) and phase shifters using BST thin film are presented. Filters are consisted of Microstrip, Coplanar Waveguide (CPW), and conductor backed CPW (CBCPW) structures and phase shifters are consisted of CPW line and CPW with slit structures to improve phase shift effect. From the measurement results, the Microstrip, CPW, and CBCPW bandpass filters show the center frequencies of 6.61 GHz, 6.31 GHz, and 6.21 GHz with the insertion losses of 7.33 dB, 5.83 dB, and 6.83 dB, respectively at the bias voltage of 40 V. The tuning range for the bandpass filters is determined as 3%~8%. From the experiments, the CPW line and the CPW with slit phase shifters show the insertion losses of 1.9 dB and 2.4 dB at the bias voltage of 30 and the phase shifts of 9.8° and 10.6° at 16 ~ 18 GHz, respectively.
Intracellular Association between UDP-glucose:Glycoprotein Glucosyltransferase and an Incompletely Folded Variant of α1-Antitrypsin (1997)

Genetic variants of human alpha1-antitrypsin unable to fold into the native structural conformation are poorly secreted from hepatocytes. The molecular chaperone calnexin coimmunoprecipitates with secretion-incompetent variant null(Hong Kong) retained in stably transfected mouse hepatoma cells (Le, A., Steiner, J. L., Ferrell, G. A., Shaker, J. F., and Sifers, R. N. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 7514-7519). Mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores with metabolic poisons diminished interaction with calnexin and coincided with coimmuoprecipitation of a 150-kDa protein (p150). Mobilization of endoplasmic reticulum lumenal Ca2+ with thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the microsomal Ca2+ATPase, gave a similar result. Coimmunoprecipitation of p150 was specifically disrupted in response to incubation of the cell lysate with exogenous CaCl2. Finally, in ECL Western blotting, p150 was recognized by polyclonal antiserum against UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase that likely functions in glycoprotein folding and quality control (Sousa, M. C., Ferrero-Garcia, M. A., and Parodi, A. J. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 97-105). The data are consistent with a model in which perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ results in a stable physical association between unfolded human alpha1-antitrypsin and UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase.
Acquisition of Mouse Tumor Biopsies through Abdominal Laparotomy (2013)

The static analysis of tumor tissues at a single, terminal end point has been the mainstay of studies in mouse models of cancer. However, with the development of model systems that reproduce the intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of human tumors, such studies are limited by the need for large numbers of animals to overcome increased intragroup variance. The shortcomings of a single-timepoint approach to molecular analysis are especially apparent in the context of therapeutic studies, in which the dynamic response to treatment is of particular consequence. To mitigate the effects of intertumoral heterogeneity, multiple tissue samples may be harvested from the same tumor at different time points through the use of surgical biopsies. For abdominal tumors, preprocedure imaging may be used to assess the suitability of tumors for biopsy. Sterile surgical techniques are used to access the abdominal cavity, and customized instruments facilitate the immobilization and retrieval of tissue samples from hard or fibrous tumors. Thermoregulation, hemostasis, and wound closure techniques are critical to successful surgical outcomes, whereas appropriate anesthetic, analgesic, and postoperative recovery regimens are important for maintenance of animal welfare. Using a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we present a comprehensive protocol suitable for the routine acquisition of abdominal tumor biopsies.
Experience with On-Line Bubble Chamber Measuring Machines (1966)

About four-thousand events have now been measured at ANL using three measuring machines, each equipped with a small Recomp II computer. The computer has a 4K memory of 40 bit words and has floating point hardware. The computer guides and, in a sense, watches over the measurer, performing many elementary checks of the measuring process. A space reconstruction is not attempted, but sufficient checks are made to eliminate most mistakes and inaccuracies which would later cause failures during the reconstruction process.
Automated classification of subcellular patterns in multicell images without segmentation into single cells (2005)

Fluorescence microscope images capture information from an entire field of view, which often comprises several cells scattered on the slide. We have previously trained classifiers to accurately predict subcellular location patterns by using numerical features calculated from manually cropped 2D single-cell images. We describe here results on directly classifying fields of fluorescence microscope images using a subset of our previous features that do not require segmentation into single cells. Feature selection was conducted by stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) to select the most discriminative features from the feature set. Better classification performance was achieved on multicell images than single-cell images, suggesting a promising future for classifying subcellular patterns in tissue images.
Energy savings potential and RD&D opportunities for non-vapor-compression HVAC technologies. (2014)

This March 2014 report prepared for the US Department of Energy by Navigant Consulting identifies and evaluates 17 technologies which could potentially replace traditional vapour-compression technology in residential and commercial HVAC applications. It scores each on a number of criteria including energy saving potential, cost, complexity and likelihood of success. The authors specify that while this study focused on air-conditioning applications, many of the technologies investigated might also apply to refrigeration applications. While twenty-two technology options were considered, only stand-alone technologies were evaluated instead of those that are components of space-conditioning systems. The final ranking of technology options is as follows: Thermoelastic; Membrane heat pump; Evaporative liquid desiccant A/C; Magnetocaloric; Vuilleumier heat pump; Evaporative cooling; Thermoelectric; Ground-coupled solid desiccant; Absorption heat pump; Duplex-Stirling heat pump; Thermoacoustic; Adsorption Heat Pump; Thermotunnelling; Stand-alone solid desiccant A/C; Stand-alone liquid desiccant A/C; Ejector heat pump; Brayton heat pump.
Bandpass Directional Couplers with Electromagnetically-Coupled Resonators (2006)

Compact 90- and 180-degree directional couplers incorporating bandpass characteristics are presented. They can integrate a bandpass filter and a power-divider/combiner in an RF transceiver, resulting in its miniaturization. The bandpass directional coupler can be represented as a coupled-resonator network, and its coupling coefficients and external-Q can be determined from a desired coupling ratio and operational bandwidth of the bandpass coupler. Measured results are also presented on a Ku-band bandpass 180-degree directional coupler with TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01delta</sub> -mode dielectric resonators
Survival of Low-pH Stress by <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7: Correlation between Alterations in the Cell Envelope and Increased Acid Tolerance (1999)

Survival of a nontoxigenic isolate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 at low pH (pH 3.0) was examined over prolonged time periods for each of three population types: exponential-phase cells, stationary-phase cells, and acid-adapted exponential-phase cells. In each population, approximately 5 x 10(4) CFU ml-1 were detected after a 24-h incubation at pH 3.0. Even after 3 days at pH 3.0, significant numbers of survivors from each of the three populations could be detected. The high level of acid tolerance exhibited by these survivors was found to be quickly lost once they were transferred to conditions which permitted growth to resume, indicating that they were not mutants. Proton flux measurements on the three populations of cells revealed that the initial rates of viability loss at pH 3.0 correlated well with net proton accumulation. Cells showing a high initial rate of viability loss (exponential-phase cells) accumulated protons at the highest rate, whereas resistant populations (adapted or stationary-phase cells) accumulated protons only slowly. Differences in the protein composition of the cell envelope between the three populations were studied by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Complex differences in the pattern of proteins expressed by each population were uncovered. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of a possible model accounting for acid tolerance in this important food-borne pathogen.
Mechanism of metal carboxylate friction modifier additive behaviour (2000)

A range of metal carboxylate friction modifier additives has been synthesised and their film-forming properties studied using ultrathin film interferometry. It has been found that some of these additives form thick boundary films while others do not. The differences in behaviour are ascribed to the differing electronegativities of the metals in the additives studied
Enhancement of Sexual Motivation in Male Rats by Yohimbine (1984)

Yohimbine hydrochloride, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, increased sexual motivation in male rats as evidenced by increased mounting performance in mating tests conducted after genital anesthetization, increased percentage of male rats ejaculating in their first heterosexual encounter, and induction of copulatory behavior in sexually inactive male rats. These observations lead to the suggestion that alpha-adrenoceptors are important modulators of sexual arousal in intact male rats. These results indicate that pharmacological treatment of sexual (libido) dysfunction may be useful.
Permittivity enhancement of hafnium dioxide high-κ films by cerium doping (2008)

The effect of cerium doping on the dielectric properties of hafnium dioxide is reported. Thin films of cerium-doped hafnium oxide Cex–Hf1−xO2 (x=0.10,0.17,0.34) have been grown by liquid injection atomic layer deposition. After annealing at 900 °C, all films were transformed from an amorphous state into a stabilized cubic or tetragonal phase. As-deposited films of Ce0.1–Hf0.9O2 showed low hysteresis voltages and negligible flat band voltage shifts. After annealing to form the crystalline cubic or tetragonal phase, the relative permittivity (κ) increased from 25 to 32 at 100 kHz with leakage current densities at ±1 MV cm−1 of ∼1.58×10−5 A cm−2.
El factor cultural: una nueva estrategia impulsada por EEUU en Afganistán (2010)

Propyl gallate (PG) exhibits an anti-growth effect on various cell types. The present study investigated the impact of PG on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) in primary human pulmonary fibroblast (HPF) cells. Moreover, the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, an antioxidant), L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, a GSH synthesis inhibitor), and small interfering RNA (siRNAs) against various antioxidant genes on ROS and GSH levels and cell death were examined in PG-treated HPF cells. PG (100-800 μM) increased the levels of total ROS and O<sub>2</sub><sup>·-</sup> at early time points of 30-180 min and 24 h, whereas PG (800-1600 μM) increased GSH-depleted cell number at 24 h and reduced GSH levels at 30-180 min. PG downregulated the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and upregulated the activity of catalase in HPF cells. Treatment with 800 μM PG increased the number of apoptotic cells and cells that lost mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨ<sub>m</sub>). NAC treatment attenuated HPF cell death and MMP (ΔΨ<sub>m</sub>) loss induced by PG, accompanied by a decrease in GSH depletion, whereas BSO exacerbated the cell death and MMP (ΔΨ<sub>m</sub>) loss without altering ROS and GSH depletion levels. Furthermore, siRNA against SOD1, SOD2, or catalase attenuated cell death in PG-treated HPF cells, whereas siRNA against GSH peroxidase enhanced cell death. In conclusion, PG induced cell death in HPF cells by increasing ROS levels and depleting GSH. NAC was found to decrease HPF cell death induced by PG, while BSO enhanced cell death. The findings shed light on how manipulating the antioxidant system influence the cytotoxic effects of PG in HPF cells.
Cartesian control of a hydraulic redundant manipulator (2005)

A controller for redundant manipulators with a small, fast manipulator mounted on a positioning part has been developed. The controller distributes the fast motion to the small, fast manipulator and the slow, gross motion to the positioning part. A position reference is generated on-line to the positioning part to avoid singularities and the loss of degrees of freedom. The task space position vector is augmented by the generalized coordinates of the positioning part. Feedback linearization and decoupling are then applied in the augmented task space to obtain a model consisting of decoupled double integrators. These decoupled double integrators are controlled by the use of linear quadratic optimal control. The controller has been applied to an eight-link hydraulic spray painting robot. The experiments showed that a high bandwidth and a large working area were possible with moderate motor torques.
Cellular And Molecular Biology Of The Presynaptic Nerve Terminal (1991)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More