gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An electrooculogram-based binary saccade sequence classification (BSSC) technique for augmentative communication and control (2009)

In the field of assistive technology, the electrooculogram (EOG) can be used as a channel of communication and the basis of a man-machine interface. For many people with severe motor disabilities, simple actions such as changing the TV channel require assistance. This paper describes a method of detecting saccadic eye movements and the use of a saccade sequence classification algorithm to facilitate communication and control. Saccades are fast eye movements that occurs when a person's gaze jumps from one fixation point to another. The classification is based on pre-defined sequences of saccades, guided by a static visual template (e.g. a page or poster). The template, consisting of a table of symbols each having a clearly identifiable fixation point, is situated within view of the user. To execute a particular command, the user moves his or her gaze through a pre-defined path of eye movements. This results in a well-formed sequence of saccades which are translated into a command if a match is found in a library of predefined sequences. A coordinate transformation algorithm is applied to each candidate sequence of recorded saccades to mitigate the effect of changes in the user's position and orientation relative to the visual template. Upon recognition of a saccade sequence from the library, its associated command is executed. A preliminary experiment in which two subjects were instructed to perform a series of command sequences consisting of 8 different commands are presented in the final sections. The system is also shown to be extensible to facilitate convenient text entry via an alphabetic visual template.
Numerical Analysis of Mixed Convection through an Internally Finned Tube (2012)

Wall temperature of an internally finned tube has been computed numerically for different fin number, height, and shape by solving conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy using Fluent 12.1 for a steady and laminar flow of fluid inside a tube under mixed flow condition. It has been found that there exists an optimum number for fins to keep the pipe wall temperature at a minimum. The fin height has an optimum value beyond which the wall temperature becomes insensitive to fin height. For a horizontal tube, under mixed flow condition, it is seen that the upper surface has higher average temperature than the lower surface. The impact of fin shape on the heat transfer rate shows that wall temperature is least for triangular-shaped fins, compared to rectangular- and T-shaped fins. In addition to the thermal characteristics, the pressure drop caused due to the presence of fins has also been studied.
2-Acyloxy-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine - A New Reagent for Ester Synthesis (1999)

2-Acyloxy-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazines obtained in reaction between carboxylic acid and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine were used as acylating agents for the synthesis of esters from primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. Because of mild acylation conditions the method could be applied to esterification of labile alcohols with aromatic and aliphatic (also α-branched) acids in good yields.
Canine lymphocyte subpopulations. (1980)

Ten to 23% of cells in blood, lymph node and bone marrow from normal dogs formed rosettes with human erythrocytes, and 12-27% formed rosettes with erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC) complexes. In contrast, only 3% of thymocytes, and 1% of thoracic duct cells formed rosettes with human erythroyctes, and 0 and 15% respectively formed EAC rosettes. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated by rosette sedimentation into populations depleted of, or enriched for, cells forming rosettes with human erythrocytes (H-RFC), the population depleted of H-RFC responded more vigorously to alloantigens in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) (P < 0.01) and to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (P = 0.01) and concanavalin A (P = 0.01) than did the population enriched for H-RFC. Passage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells over nylon wool columns produced a nonadherent population depleted of H-RFC, EAC rosette-forming cells and cells binding surface immunoglobulin (SIg), while the adherent population was enriched for each of these markers. In 3 dogs 36%, 44% and 64% of adherent cells that formed rosettes with human erythrocytes also possessed SIg, suggesting that canine B cells form rosettes with human red cells. The nonadherent population showed a more vigorous response to alloantigens in MLC (P < 0.01) and to PHA (P < 0.05) than the adherent population, and also stimulated the growth of autologous erythroid colonies better than the adherent population (P = 0.02). A T cell rich population can thus be obtained from canine peripheral blood, but no specific marker for T cells has been identified. Specifically, the capacity to form rosettes with human red cells is not a marker for the canine T cell.
SAR Studies on Curcumin’s Pro-inflammatory Targets: Discovery of Prenylated Pyrazolocurcuminoids as Potent and Selective Novel Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase (2014)

The anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin have been extensively investigated, identifying prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), key enzymes linking inflammation with cancer, as high affinity targets. A comparative structure-activity study revealed three modifications dissecting mPGES-1/5-LO inhibition, namely (i) truncation of the acidic, enolized dicarbonyl moiety and/or replacement by pyrazole, (ii) hydrogenation of the interaryl linker, and (iii) (dihydro)prenylation. The prenylated pyrazole analogue 11 selectively inhibited 5-LO, outperforming curcumin by a factor of up to 50, and impaired zymosan-induced mouse peritonitis along with reduced 5-LO product levels. Other pro-inflammatory targets of curcumin (i.e., mPGES-1, cyclooxygenases, 12/15-LOs, nuclear factor-κB, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) were hardly affected by 11. The strict structural requirements for mPGES-1 and 5-LO inhibition strongly suggest that specific interactions rather than redox or membrane effects underlie the inhibition of mPGES-1 and 5-LO by curcumin.
Thermal Stability and Detonation Characteristics of Pressed and Elastic Explosives on the Basis of Selected Cyclic Nitramines (2010)

Bicyclo-HMX (cis-1, 3, 4, 6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4, 5-d] imidazole or BCHMX) was studied as a plastic explosive bonded with the C4 matrix and with Viton A. Also a series of nitramines namely RDX (1, 3, 5-trinitro- 1, 3, 5-triazinane), HMX (1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocane) and HNIW (e-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-hexanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, e-CL-20) were studied for comparison with the same types of binders. The detonation velocity, D, of all prepared mixtures was measured. Their thermal stability was determined using non-isothermal differential thermal analysis (DTA). While the C4 matrix lowers the thermal stability of the resulting explosives, Viton A enhances this stability. Approximate relationships between the peaks of exothermic decomposition and the D values were found. The detonation parameters were also calculated by means of Kamlet & Jacobs method, CHEETAH and improved EXPLO5 code for all the mixtures. From the measured D values and the calculated detonation parameters, it is obvious that the detonation parameters of BCHMX-mixtures are very close to HMX-explosives and better than those of RDX-mixtures. It was found that the C4 matrix reduces the difference between the values of energy of detonation in the studied C4 mixtures. As expected, the pressed HNIW-Viton A mixture has the highest detonation parameters of all of the prepared mixtures.
Suppression of argatroban-induced endogenous thrombolysis by PKSI-527, and antibodies to TPA and UPA, evaluated in a rat arterial thrombolysis model (2003)

We have previously confirmed, using a rat mesenteric arteriole thrombolysis model, that thrombin inhibition induces endogenous thrombolysis in vivo. In addition, we have shown that thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) plays a role in the down regulation of endogenous thrombolysis. However, the mechanism of endogenous thrombolysis or spontaneous plasmin generation in vivo remains unclear. It has been shown in an in vitro system that plasma kallikrein activates pro-urokinase (pro uPA) and/or plasminogen, resulting in plasmin generation. These findings suggest that spontaneous fibrinolysis might be mediated by tPA and plasma kallikrein-dependent uPA. The aim of the present study was to examine whether these mechanisms play a dominant role in endogenous thrombolysis in vivo, using our rat mesenteric arterial thrombolysis model. Argatroban infusion enhanced endogenous thrombolysis. PKSI-527, anti uPA and anti tPA IgGs suppressed argatroban-induced thrombolysis. Also, the antibody IgG preparations suppressed endogenous thrombolysis in the absence of argatroban. In the presence of PKSI-527, anti tPA IgG was more effective than anti uPA IgG in suppressing argatroban-induced thrombolysis. The results suggested that both tPA and plasma kallikrein-mediated uPA activation and tPA release contribute to endogenous fibrinolytic or thrombolytic mechanisms.
An integrative bioinformatics approach reveals coding and non-coding gene variants associated with gene expression profiles and outcome in breast cancer molecular subtypes (2018)

These findings demonstrate that sequence alterations influence gene expression and oncogenic pathways, possibly affecting the outcome of breast cancer patients. Our data provide potential opportunities to identify non-coding variations with functional and clinical relevance in breast cancer.
A 1.25-inch 60-frames/s 8.3-M-pixel digital-output CMOS image sensor (2005)

The ultrahigh-definition television (UDTV) camera system requires an image sensor having four times higher resolution and two times higher frame rate than the conventional HDTV systems. Also, an image sensor with a small optical format and low power consumption is required for practical UDTV camera systems. To respond to these requirements, we have developed an 8.3-M-pixel digital-output CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) for the UDTV application. It features an optical format of 1.25inch, low power consumption of less than 600 mW at dark, while reproducing a low-noise, 60-frames/s progressive scan image. The image sensor is equipped with 1920 on-chip 10-bit analog-to-digital converters and outputs digital data stream through 16 parallel output ports. Design considerations to reproduce a low-noise, high-resolution image at high frame rate of 60 fps are described. Implementation and experimental results of the 8.3-M-pixel CMOS APS are presented.
Area minimization for floorplans (1995)

In this paper we study the area minimization problem in floorplanning (also known as the floorplan sizing problem). For a given floorplan, the problem is to select a layout alternative for each subcircuit on a chip so as to minimize the chip area. Two area minimization methods for general floorplans are proposed. Both methods can be viewed as generalizations of the classical algorithm for slicing floorplans of Otten (1982) and Stockmeyer (1983) in the sense that they reduce naturally to their algorithm for slicing floorplans. Compared with the branch-and-bound algorithm of Wimer et al (1989), which does not have a nontrivial performance bound, our methods are provably better than an exhaustive method for all the examples we examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Demonstration of Embedded Cu Trench RDL using Panel Scale Lithography and Photosensitive Dry Film Polymer Dielectrics (2017)

Abstract This paper presents the first demonstration of fine pitch embedded trench RDL on glass substrates using a new family of ultra-high resolution dry film photo-sensitive polymer dielectrics and a new large area panel scale lithography tool. The specific research targets are to demonstrate multilayer RDL scaling to 1um lines and vias at &gt;200 I/Os per mm of die edge for 2.5D interposers and high density fan-out packages.
Spectrum of novel mutations in the human PKLR gene in pyruvate kinase‐deficient Indian patients with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes (2009)

Eighteen unrelated pyruvate kinase (PK)-deficient Indian patients were identified in the past 4 years with varied clinical phenotypes ranging from a mild chronic haemolytic anaemia to a severe transfusion-dependent disorder. We identified 17 different mutations in the PKLR gene among the 36 mutated alleles. Ten novel mutations were identified: 427G>A, 499C>A, 1072G>A, 1180G>T, 1216G>A, 1220A>G, 644delG, IVS5 (+20) C>A, IVS9 (+44) C>T, and IVS9 (+93) A>C. A severe syndrome was commonly associated with some mutations, 992A>G, 1436G>A, 1220A>G, 644delG and IVS9 (+93) A>C, in the PKLR gene. Molecular graphics analysis of human red blood cell PK (RPK), based on the crystal structure of human PK, shows that mutations located near the substrate or fructose 1,6-diphosphate binding site may change the conformation of the active site, resulting in very low PK activity and severe clinical symptoms. The mutations target distinct regions of RPK structure, including domain interfaces and catalytic and allosteric sites. In particular, the 1216G>A and 1219G>A mutations significantly affect the interdomain interaction because they are located near the catalytic site in the A/B interface domains. The most frequent mutations in the Indian population appear to be 1436G>A (19.44%), followed by 1456C>T (16.66%) and 992A>G (16.66%). This is the first study to correlate the clinical profile with the molecular defects causing PK deficiency from India where 10 novel mutations that produce non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia were identified.
Biological characterization of Fusobacterium necrophorum. Cell fractions in preparation for toxin and immunization studies (1975)

Fusobacterium necrophorum isolated from bovine liver abscesses was grown in bulk at 37 C for 24 h under a strict anaerobic atmosphere. Harvested washed cells were disrupted ultrasonically and fractionated by differential centrifugation into the intracellular (cytoplasm) and cell wall fractions. Both intact cells and cell fractions induced generalized cytopathic effect on primary pig kidney cultures and caused a variety of signs of illness and/or death of intraperitoneally injected mice. The intact cells, disrupted cells, and cell walls produced necrotic lesions and erythema on intradermally injected guinea pigs and rabbits, whereas the cytoplasm mainly erythema. By contrast, the used culture medium (culture filtrate) of F. necrophorum did not show any detectable toxicity. The toxic component of the cytoplasm appears to be associated with nondialyzable, hemolytic, high-molecular-weight proteins and its toxicity is reduced by trypsin and pronase. Heating at 60 C for 10 min decreased markedly its erythemal and cytotoxic ability, wheras the toxicity of the cell walls appeared to be only slightly affected even when heated at 100 C for 1 h. These results suggest that at leasttwo distinct cell-bound toxic factors are present in F. necrophorum cells.
<i>Legionella</i> Species Diversity in an Acidic Biofilm Community in Yellowstone National Park (2005)

Legionella species are frequently detected in aquatic environments, but their occurrence in extreme, acidic, geothermal habitats has not been explored with cultivation-independent methods. We investigated a predominately eukaryotic algal mat community in a pH 2.7 geothermal stream in Yellowstone National Park for the presence of Legionella and potential host amoebae. Our analyses, using PCR amplification with Legionella-specific primers targeting 16S rRNA genes, detected four known Legionella species, as well as Legionella sequences from species that are not represented in sequence databases, in mat samples and cultivated isolates. The nonrandom occurrence of sequences detected at lower (30 degrees C) and higher (35 to 38 degrees C) temperatures suggests that natural thermal gradients in the stream influence Legionella species distributions in this mat community. We detected only one sequence, Legionella micdadei, from cultivated isolates. We cultured and sequenced partial 18S rRNA gene regions from two potential hosts, Acanthamoeba and Euglena species.
Evaluation and economic valorization of websites using the technical evaluation and economic valorization methodology (ETVE) (2016)

Our proposed methodology allows to calculate the economic value and evaluate the performance, for each of the components of a website. Currently, to assess a website, there are several techniques: expert assessment, business performance factors, valuation algorithms or income and expenses of the website. These methods incorporate a subjective estimate to determine income - they incorporate income that has not yet occurred. Our methodology is different because it eliminates this subjectivity. It uses for calculating revenues, those costs and expenses that have already occurred. Thus, it is compatible with widely accepted accounting methods and techniques. The methodology defines the composition of the website as the following components: Web system (in turn composed of Domain, Web content, Hardware, Software, Data and Communications), and the e-business unit (in turn composed of Personnel, Products, Services and Processes). The Electronic business unit is the area of the company or entity that operates the Web system, to do business or meet the institutional goal, using the website. The definition given to the website, serves to classify all attributes of it that give value. It then evaluates each attribute or element of a component, so that it adds or subtracts value to the total for that component. To value it economically, it applies a conversion factor that incorporates costs and expenses incurred. Finally, the results are calculated per component. It also includes a component of Finance to add the results of the fiscal year. Finally, the economic value of the website is determined by the sum of all these values.
Mycobacterial substitutes in "complete" Freund's adjuvant. Effect on antibody production and delayed hypersensitivity to bovine serum albumin. (1968)

Known granuloma-producing agents in man were substituted for mycobacteria in Freund's complete adjuvant. Observations were made on the type and extent of granuloma formation, antibody production and the development of delayed hypersensitivity to an incorporated protein antigen (bovine serum albumin) in rabbits and guinea pigs, and the results were compared with those obtained using Freund's “complete” (mycobacteria) and “incomplete” adjuvants.

The results indicate that none of the granuloma-producing substitutes were comparable in their enhancing effect to crude whole Mycobacterium tuberculosis .

Animals of all groups developed intense granulomatous reactions at the local toe or foot pad inoculation site but only mycobacterial adjuvant resulted in an extensive and widespread epithelioid cell response throughout the reticuloendothelial system plus uniform high levels of circulating antibody and intense delayed hypersensitivity to BSA, suggesting an association between macrophage response and overall adjuvant activity.

Occasional animals in the mycobacteria substitute groups were good antibody producers and developed strong delayed hypersensitivity reactions to BSA without extensive granuloma formation, thus indicating that quantity of granuloma formation per se was not related to adjuvant effect.

There was no relationship between intensity or appearance of delayed hypersensitivity and antibody production to BSA in individual animals during the course of the study.
Visual analysis of gait as a cue to identity (1999)

For humans, the ability to discriminate between, and to identify, others is paramount. The most obvious way this is accomplished is by means of face recognition. However, this is not the only method available. The present article reports on two experiments designed to see whether gait can be used as a reliable cue to identity. Experiment One showed that the human visual system was sophisticated enough to learn to identify six individuals on the basis of their gait signature under conditions of simulated daylight, simulated dusk and point-light displays. It thus appeared that gait-related judgements could be made, and furthermore, that these judgements were possible without reliance on shape information. Experiment Two suggested that even under adverse viewing conditions involving a single brief exposure, humans could identify a target from a ‘walking identity parade’ at greater than chance levels. These results emerged regardless of the lighting conditions, and were largely independent of the gender of the target walker. As such, the present results suggest that gait could be used as a reliable means of discriminating between individuals, and the importance of such an identity cue, in conditions in which the face is obscured, are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standardization of databases for AMDB taxi routing functions (2010)

Input, management, and display of taxi routes on airport moving map displays (AMM) have been covered in various studies in the past. The demonstrated applications are typically based on Aerodrome Mapping Databases (AMDB). Taxi routing functions require specific enhancements, typically in the form of a graph network with nodes and edges modeling all connectivities within an airport, which are not supported by the current AMDB standards. Therefore, the data schemas and data content have been defined specifically for the purpose and test scenarios of these studies. A standardization of the data format for taxi routing information is a prerequisite for turning taxi routing functions into production. The joint RTCA/EUROCAE special committee SC-217, responsible for updating and enhancing the AMDB standards DO-272 [1] and DO-291 [2], is currently in the process of studying different alternatives and defining reasonable formats. Requirements for taxi routing data are primarily driven by depiction concepts for assigned and cleared taxi routes, but also by database size and the economic feasibility. Studied concepts are similar to the ones described in the GDF (geographic data files) specification [3], which is used in most car navigation systems today. They include - A highly aggregated graph network of complex features - A modestly aggregated graph network of simple features - A non-explicit topology of plain AMDB taxi guidance line elements This paper introduces the different concepts and their advantages and disadvantages.
Soluble Metalloendopeptidases and Neuroendocrine Signaling (2002)

Peptidases play a vital and often highly specific role in the physiological and pathological generation and termination of peptide hormone signals. The thermolysin-like family of metalloendopeptidases involved in the extracellular processing of neuroendocrine and cardiovascular peptides are of particular significance, reflecting both their specificity for particular peptide substrates and their utility as therapeutic targets. Although the functions of the membrane-bound members of this family, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase, are well established, a role for the predominantly soluble family members in peptide metabolism is only just emerging. This review will focus on the biochemistry, cell biology, and physiology of the soluble metalloendopeptidases EC 3.4.24.15 (thimet oligopeptidase) and EC 3.4.24.16 (neurolysin), as well as presenting evidence that both peptidases play an important role in such diverse functions as reproduction, nociception, and cardiovascular homeostasis.