gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined Skin Moisturization of Liposomal Serine Incorporated in Hydrogels Prepared with Carbopol ETD 2020, Rhesperse RM 100 and Hyaluronic Acid (2015)

We investigated the combined moisturizing effect of liposomal serine and a cosmeceutical base selected in this study. Serine is a major amino acid consisting of natural moisturizing factors and keratin, and the hydroxyl group of serine can actively interact with water molecules. Therefore, we hypothesized that serine efficiently delivered to the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin would enhance the moisturizing capability of the skin. We prepared four different cosmeceutical bases (hydrogel, oil-in-water (O/W) essence, O/W cream, and water-in-oil (W/O) cream); their moisturizing abilities were then assessed using a Corneometer®. The hydrogel was selected as the optimum base for skin moisturization based on the area under the moisture content change-time curves (AUMCC) values used as a parameter for the water hold capacity of the skin. Liposomal serine prepared by a reverse-phase evaporation method was then incorporated in the hydrogel. The liposomal serine-incorporated hydrogel (serine level=1%) showed an approximately 1.62~1.77 times greater moisturizing effect on the skin than those of hydrogel, hydrogel with serine (1%), and hydrogel with blank liposome. However, the AUMCC values were not dependent on the level of serine in liposomal serine-loaded hydrogels. Together, the delivery of serine to the SC of the skin is a promising strategy for moisturizing the skin. This study is expected to be an important step in developing highly effective moisturizing cosmeceutical products.
High-voltage accumulation-mode lateral RESURF GaN MOSFETs on SiC substrate (2004)

Lateral, accumulation-mode gallium nitride (GaN) MOSFETs were fabricated on a silicon-doped GaN epilayer on a AlGaN isolation layer on a conducting 6H-SiC substrate. The polysilicon gate was formed over a 100 nm silicon dioxide gate dielectric deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition at 900/spl deg/C. The accumulation-layer field-effect mobility is measured to be 110 cm/sup 2//V-s. GaN MOSFETS with a 9 /spl mu/m RESURF length were characterized with an on-resistance of 140 m/spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ at V/sub GS/=15 Volts and breakdown voltage /spl les/180 Volts attributed to tunneling through the AlGaN isolation layer.
Clustering based on synchronization of pulse-coupled oscillators (2002)

We introduce a new clustering approach based on a model of mutual synchronization of pulse-coupled biological oscillators. The proposed algorithm, called Self-Organization of Oscillators Network (SOON), models a set of feature vectors by a population of coupled integrate-and-fire oscillators. As the algorithm evolves, it organizes a population of oscillators (or feature vectors) into a set of stable sub-populations (or clusters). Each oscillator fires synchronously with all the others within its group, but the sub-populations themselves fire with a constant phase difference. Our proposed clustering algorithm is computationally efficient and has several advantages over existing clustering techniques. In particular it does not require the specification of the optimal number of clusters, and it is not sensitive to noise and outliers. Moreover, since our approach does not involve the explicit use of an objective function, it can incorporate non-metric and non-differentiable distance measures.
The Fluorescence Labelling of Primary Amines with Perylenetetracarboxdiimides (2007)

Abstract The synthesis of perylenetetracarboxdiimide‐labelled aldehydes is described as well as their condensation with primary amines. Thus, a highly fluorescent and light‐fast fluorescence labelling process has been demonstrated. Application of this method to biological targets is also reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Effect of moderate electric field pulses on the diffusion coefficient of soluble substances from apple slices (2002)

Abstract The effects of a moderate electric field pulse (MEFP) on the diffusion coefficient of soluble substances from apple slices have been investigated. The apparent diffusion coefficient, D, was studied for both thermally and electrically treated samples. For thermally treated samples, the variation of Dth as a function of temperature followed an Arrhenius type kinetic with two diffusion regimes: (i) without thermal pretreatment (Ea ≈ 28 kJ mole–1) and (ii) after plasmolysis pretreatment (Ea ≈ 13 kJ mole–1). In the case of electrically treated samples, only one regime was observed, with an intermediate activation energy (Ea ≈ 20 kJ mole–1). Furthermore, it was found that an electrical pretreatment with moderate temperature elevation (10–15 °C) combined with a low thermal treatment, significantly enhanced the diffusion coefficient (Del) compared with reference values. For instance, after a standard MEFP treatment (500 V cm–1, 1000 pulses, 100 μs duration) Del was 3.9 × 10–10 m2 s–1 at 20 °C compared with reference values of 2.5 and 4.4 × 10–10 m2 s–1 for untreated and denatured samples, respectively, and 13.4 × 10–10 m2 s–1 at 75 °C compared with 10.2 × 10–10 m2 s–1 for thermally denatured samples. This indicates that an electrical treatment has a greater effect on the structure and permeability of apple tissue than thermal treatment.
Book Reviews (1976)

Book reviewed in this article: General, Applied, and Theoretical: Sociology and the Demystification of the Modern World. John Rex General, Applied, and Theoretical: Sociological Observation: A Strategy for Social Knowledge. Matilda White Riley and Edward E. Nelson
Forty Years of Silica Simulations. Which Way Now? (2015)

Ten years after Aneesur Rahman's seminal 1964 paper on simulating liquid argon using computer simulations of atoms interacting with continuous potentials, Woodcock and Singer published the first study of ionic liquids using the same classical mechanical approach. With tongue‐in‐cheek, Woodcock and Angell with student Cheeseman then studied SiO 2 in a simple ionic model using Tosi‐Fumi type potentials and were surprised by the degree of similarity to the unusual properties of the “real” silica, liquid, and glassy, they were able to obtain. Since that time, many advances have been made and the field of ionic liquids now embraces geochemical in addition to complex inorganic glass systems. Now it seems that some “silica” models may exhibit water‐like second critical points, and then liquid–liquid transitions, and so may serve as new model liquids for liquid polyamorphism studies. Current studies using the realistic van Beest‐Kramer‐van Santen( BKS ) and the simpler Woodcock‐Angell‐Cheeseman( WAC ) potential models will be described. We provide background on silica's role as a “strong” liquid, and on the criterion for ergodicity breaking which requires the relation Qdτ/ dT ≈ 1 to hold at the hysteresis peak T p (coincides with three common definitions of T g ).
STIMULATED RAMAN EMISSION AT 90° TO THE RUBY BEAM (1964)

First Page
Test results of the commercial internet multimedia trials (1998)

This paper reports the test results of applications and services from the Commercial Internet Multimedia Trials. The Trials were a twelve-month effort by three companies to evaluate the product readiness of multimedia applications and services in business environments by supporting multimedia services on production IP networks. The test beds were enabled for IP multicast routing; one of the test beds was enabled for RSVP. The results of our RSVP tests and user surveys are reported, and some of issues related to the deployment of multimedia services and applications on corporate IP networks are considered.
Study of advanced communications satellite systems based on SS-FDMA (1980)

A satellite communication system based on the use of a multiple, contiguous beam satellite antenna and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) is studied. Emphasis is on the evaluation of the feasibility of SS (satellite switching) FDMA technology, particularly the multiple, contiguous beam antenna, the onboard switch and channelization, and on methods to overcome the effects of severe Ka band fading caused by precipitation. This technology is evaluated and plans for technology development and evaluation are given. The application of SS-FDMA to domestic satellite communications is also evaluated. Due to the potentially low cost Earth stations, SS-FDMA is particularly attractive for thin route applications up to several hundred kilobits per second, and offers the potential for competing with terrestrial facilities at low data rates and over short routes. The onboard switch also provides added route flexibility for heavy route systems. The key beneficial SS-FDMA strategy is to simplify and thus reduce the cost of the direct access Earth station at the expense of increased satellite complexity.
The Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete (1991)

Introduction to alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete - A B Poole. Chemistry of the alkali-aggregate reaction - F P Glasser. Testing for alkali-silica reaction - R N Swamy. Role and effectiveness of mineral admixtures in relation to alkali-silica reaction - R N Swamy. Alkali-silica reaction - UK experience - I Sims. Alkali-silica reaction - Danish experience - S Chatterji, Z Fordos and N Thaulow. Alkali-silica reaction - Icelandic experience - H Olafsson. Alkali-silica reaction - Canadian experience - P E Grattan-Bellew. Alkali-aggregate reaction - New Zealand experience - D A St John. Alkali-silica reaction - Japanese experience - S Nishibayashi. Alkali-silica reaction - Indian experience - A K Mullick. Index.
Marked point processes with simple and complex shape objects for cell nuclei extraction from breast cancer H&E images (2013)

According to the Nottingham Grading System for breast cancer grading, nuclear pleomorphism is one of the three criteria along with tubule formation and mitotic count taken into account in grading procedure. Nuclear pleomorphism is largely based on the information about variation of nuclei appearance, size, and shape. Nuclei extraction from breast cancer images is thus necessary for cancer grading, and has become one of the major problem in the domain of automatic image analysis. Recently, several papers have shown that stochastic Marked Point Processes are a promising tool for dealing with this kind of problems. In this paper, we will present visual and quantitative comparisons of results obtained with two Marked Point Process based models with two types of objects used, and analyse the advantages of each of them. We will first show a way to detect nuclei position and size using ellipse-shaped objects. Ellipses give a good approximation of nuclei shape size in a fast way. We will then use arbitrarily-shaped objects to delineate more precisely nuclei contours. As this method is a data driven method, we will discuss the best data energy to use for each kind of objects, based on common criteria of the nuclei in any cancer grade. Results are obtained using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) stained breast cancer slide images. As appearance, size and shape may vary a lot depending on the cancer grade, we will present results for different grades and compare our methods for each of them. The quantitative quality of obtained results will be shown vie comparing with a ground truth segmentations given by pathologists.
Performance of plastic packaging for hazardous materials transportation Part I. mechanical properties (1976)

Abstract : This report, prepared for the U. S. Department of Transportation, contains background information useful in evaluating the performance of plastic packagings for hazardous materials transportation, insofar as mechanical properties are concerned. Current DoT regulations and test methods are reviewed, as well as testing procedures from other organizations and countries. Also included are recommendations to modify current DoT regulations to make test methods more quantitative Finally, experimental data are presented which represent the initial stage of a study it is hoped will ultimately lead to the establishment of criteria upon which the long time behavior of plastic containers can be predicted based on short time tests. (AN)
On variable-length-to-block coding (1972)

Variable-length-to-block codes are a generalization of run-length codes. A coding theorem is first proved. When the codes are used to transmit information from fixed-rate sources through fixed-rate noiseless channels, buffer overflow results. The latter phenomenon is an important consideration in the retrieval of compressed data from storage. The probability of buffer overflow decreases exponentially with buffer length and we determine the relation between rate and exponent size for memoryless sources. We obtain codes that maximize the overflow exponent for any given transmission rate exceeding the source entropy and present asymptotically optimal coding algorithms whose complexity grows linearly with codeword length. It turns out that the optimum error exponents of variable-length-to-block coding are identical with those of block-to-variable-length coding and are related in an interesting way to Renyi's generalized entropy function.
Recordings From Brain Stem Neurons Responding to Chemical Stimulation of the Subarachnoid Space (1997)

The subarachnoid space at the base of the skull was perfused continuously with artificial cerebrospinal fluid in anesthetized rats. A combination of inflammatory mediators consisting of histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, and prostaglandin E2 (10(-5) M) at pH of 6.1 was introduced into the flow for defined periods to stimulate meningeal primary afferents. Secondary neurons in the caudal nucleus of the trigeminal brain stem were searched by electrical stimulation of the cornea. Of the units receiving oligosynaptic input from the cornea, 44% were excited by stimulation of the meninges with inflammatory mediators. Most of these units had small receptive fields including cornea and the periorbital region, and their responsiveness was restricted to stimuli of noxious intensity. Three types of responses to stimulation of the meninges with algogenic agents were encountered: responses that did not outlast the stimulus period, responses outlasting the stimulus period for several minutes, and oscillating response patterns containing periods of enhanced and suppressed activity. The response pattern of a unit was reproducible, however, upon repetitive stimulation at 20-min intervals; the response magnitude showed tachyphylaxis upon stimulus repetition. The preparation presented mimics pathophysiolocial states normally accompanied by headache, e.g., subarachnoidal bleeding. Responsiveness of neurons in the caudal nucleus of the trigeminal brain stem to inflammatory mediators may play a role in the generation and maintenance of headache, e.g., migraine.
Catalytically Assisted Tip Growth Mechanism for Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

The catalytic growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes is investigated at the nanotube tip using first-principles molecular dynamics and tight-binding Monte Carlo simulations. At experimental temperatures (approximately 1500 K), the catalytic atom is found to incorporate into the carbon network instead of scooting around the open edge. Consequently, the open end of SWNTs closes spontaneously into a graphitic dome, suggesting a closed-end mechanism for the catalytic growth. At 1500 K, the cobalt-carbon chemical bonds keep breaking and re-forming, providing a direct incorporation process for additional carbon, necessary for growth. The catalytic action of Co atoms is also found to play a key role in the reconstruction of the nanotube tip after carbon incorporation, by annealing defects. The present closed-end tip growth mechanism may coexist with the usual root growth mechanism.
Emerging technologies for biomedical analysis (2014)

Options for biomedical analysis continue to evolve from many fields of study, employing diverse detection and quantification methods. New technologies in this arena focus on improving the sensitivity of analysis and the speed of testing, as well as producing systems at low cost which can be used on site as a point-of-care device for telemedicine applications. In this article, the most important original experimental platforms as well as current commercial approaches to biomedical analysis are critically chosen and reviewed, covering January 2010 to January 2014. While literature is quite broad and numerous, there is clear emphasis on biological recognition and imaging for the most impactful works. The analytical approaches are discussed in terms of their utility in diagnostics and biomedical testing.
A direct method for the preparation of 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl derivatives of guanine, adenine, and cytosine (1980)

Alkylation of 2-chloro-6-iodopurine with iodomethyl [(trimethylsilyl)oxy]ethyl ether at -63 degrees C and subsequent treatment of the 9-substituted chloroiodopurine with K2CO3 in aqueous dioxane at 25 degrees C and then with NH3 under pressure at 150 degrees C provided 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (1a), a potent antiviral agent against Herpes simplex virus type 1, in excellent yield. Its monophosphate (1g), which is enzymatically produced from 1a in the virus-infected cell, was also synthesized. 6-Chloropurine and 4-(methylthio)pyrimidin-2-one anions were similarly alkylated with iodomethyl [(trimethylsilyl)oxy]ethyl ether, and the products (1f and 2b) were transformed by treatment with methanolic NH3 at 110 degrees C into 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]adenine (1b) and 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]cytosine (2a), respectively. The syntheses of these analogues, heretofore difficult to prepare by a simple procedure, have been conveniently accomplished.
Layered Manufacturing Material Issues for SDM of Polymers and Ceramics (2018)

Shape Deposition Manufacturing (SDM) is a solid freeform fabrication process which\nenables the manufacture of structural parts from engineering materials. This paper discusses the\nrequirements and constraints for SDM part and sacrificial support materials, including chemical and\nphysical compatibility, mutual adhesion, low shrinkage, machinability, and support material\nremovability. Polymers and ceramics processed by SDM include polyurethanes, epoxies,\npolyurethane foams, photocurable acrylics, and green alumina ceramics. SDM compatible support\nmaterials include waxes, water-soluble polyacrylate soldermasks, and water-soluble\nthermoplastics. This paper details the selection of SDM part and support material combinations for\nthe fabrication of polymer prototypes and polymer molds for ceramic prototyPes.
Design and implementation of spherical ultrasonic motor (2009)

We present a mechanical design and implementation of spherical ultrasonic motor (SUSM) that is an actuator with multiple rotational degrees of freedom (multi-DOF). The motor is constructed of 3 annular stators and a spherical rotor and is much smaller and simpler than conventional multi-DOF mechanisms such as gimbals using servomotors. We designed a novel SUSM using experimental data from a single annular stator and a finite element method. The SUSM using a spherical rotor of diameter 20 mm without any reduction gear has demonstrated advantages of high responsiveness, good accuracy, and high torque at low speed. The dynamic implementation of SUSM was consistent with the driving model of SUSM based on a friction drive.
Retention of Configuration in the Opening of cis- and trans-Dypnone Oxides<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRetention of Configuration in the Opening of cis- and trans-Dypnone Oxides1Harry H. Wassfrman and Norman E. AubreyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 8, 1726–1728Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01589a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01589a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effect of salt concentration on the optical modes of charged cylindrical nanotubes (2005)

We have conducted calculations of the collective plasmon excitations for an electron gas confined to the surface of a charged single-walled cylindrical nanotube in salt solutions. Both positively and negatively charged nanotubes are investigated. At high salt concentration, the surface potential approaches zero, and the spectrum is close to that of a neutral nanotube. The highest-frequency branch of the plasmon excitation spectrum exhibits a redshift and a blueshift for negatively and positively charged nanotubes, respectively. Such a result can be attributed to the change of the number of eigenstates around the Fermi energy. As salt concentration is increased, the surface potential is screened out, and the spectral line shift diminishes. Our results also show that the negatively charged nanotube can be more sensitive to the ambient salt concentration than the positively charged one. The optimal sensor device occurs when the nanotube carries a linear charge density close to that of DNA. The theoretical predictions suggest that charged nanotubes have the potential as sensors to probe salt concentration.
First Steps toward a Multi-Parameter Optimisation Tool for Floating Tidal Platforms – Assessment of an LCoE-Based Site Selection Methodology (2017)

The aim of this paper is assess and alter the method of tidal stream site selection, so as to ensure deployments are commercially viable. This paper has demonstrated the inter-site variability of LCoE, and that deploying in higher flow speed locations is not necessarily favourable if the site is exposed to harsh environmental conditions, despite potentially having higher yield. Neglecting to investigate the impact of MET-Ocean characteristics can lead to underestimation of the associated costs of an exposed site by up to 48%. For a sheltered site, however, current methods of site assessment generally used by the tidal stream industry are acceptable. When comparing the two types of site, taking into account the effects of MET-Ocean conditions indicates that the LCoE of a sheltered low flow site can be 75% lower than an exposed higher flow site over a 20yr PLAT-I deployment
Bacterial Persistence and Toxin-Antitoxin Loci (2012)

Bacterial persistence is caused by the presence of rare, slowly growing bacteria among populations of rapidly growing cells. The slowly growing bacteria are tolerant of antibiotics and other environmental insults, whereas their isogenic, rapidly growing siblings are sensitive. Recent research has shown that persistence of the model organism Escherichia coli depends on toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci. Deletion of type II TA loci reduces the level of persistence significantly. Lon protease but no other known ATP-dependent proteases is required for persistence. Polyphosphate and (p)ppGpp also are required for persistence. These observations led to the proposal of a simple and testable model that explains the persistence of E. coli. It is now important to challenge this model and to test whether the persistence of pathogenic bacteria also depends on TA loci.