gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
11 Transcription of Vertebrate snRNA Genes and Related Genes (1992)

OVERVIEW Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and other RNAs involved in RNA processing (collectively denoted pRNAs) are encoded by a family of genes with structurally related promoters. Yet, some of these genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (pol II) and others by RNA polymerase III (pol III). The study of the cis -acting elements and trans -acting factors involved in transcription of pRNA genes has revealed that the TATA-box-binding protein TBP, first thought to be involved only in transcription of mRNA genes by RNA pol II as part of the TFIID complex, also participates in transcription of RNA pol III genes. In addition, RNA pol II transcription complexes can differ in their ability to recognize a termination signal, and these different elongation properties are determined by promoter elements. INTRODUCTION In eukaryotes, transcription is carried out by three different classes of RNA polymerases. Although the large variety of promoter structures found within the class II transcription units always suggested a correspondingly large variety of RNA pol II initiation complexes, these complexes were nevertheless thought to consist of factors specialized for RNA pol II transcription and therefore very different from the factors constituting RNA pol I and RNA pol III initiation complexes. In addition, elongating RNA pol II transcription complexes were thought to be of uniform composition and thus to have similar elongation properties, regardless of which promoter they were derived from. During the past few years, however, several findings have altered these views. First, the genes encoding several RNA polymerase subunits have been...
A rheological study of treatments for osteoarthritis (2016)

Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease causing pain and inflammation that limits mobility and functionality. Osteoarthritis is a widespread disease, and despite it's prevalence there is no cure. The disease progresses by degrading joint cartilage and synovial fluid. The current work aims to contribute to existing knowledge regarding osteoarthritis through three research projects including a rheological study of novel anti-inflammatory hyaluronic acid derivatives, a case study on the effects of oral glucosamine supplementation on synovial fluid viscosity, and development of a microfluidic rheometer that may be used to study low viscosity fluids such as hyaluronic acid and synovial fluid at high shear rates. The anti-inflammatory hyaluronic acid derivative demonstrated shear thinning and viscoelastic behaviour as expected. This behaviour is common among viscosupplements and is therefore promising for it's potential use as a viscosupplement, however, the viscosity and viscoelasticity were significantly lower than commercial viscosupplements. It is recommended to investigate modulating viscosity and viscoelasticity with techniques such as cross-linking and increasing hyaluronic acid concentration. In a patient discontinuing oral glucosamine supplementation the viscosity was found to be greater prior to stopping treatment at low shear rates and greater after stopping treatment at high shear rates. In a second patient no significant change was observed in viscosity. Future study should investigate the effect of glucosamine on viscoelastic behaviour, and to study the effect of glucosamine on synovial fluid viscosity over an extended period of time. A PDMS microfluidic rheometer was developed using a soft-lithography process. The rheometer was validated with water at room temperature and was found to predict fluid viscosity with a maximum of 6% error at shear rates as high as 30,000 s-¹. It is recommended to investigate possible channel deformation as a cause for decreased accuracy at higher shear rates and resultant operating pressures.
Bend loss attenuator by carrier injection in InGaAsP/InP (2005)

A compact InGaAsP/InP waveguide bend loss attenuator with electrically modulated bend loss is demonstrated. The carrier injection device exhibits better than 15 dB modulation and <20 ns response time. The bend loss attenuator requires less than half the current of a comparable straight waveguide attenuator to achieve 3 dB attenuation.
Characterisation of single stage, dual-pumpedRaman fibre amplifiers for different gain fibre lengths (2000)

The power dependent gain length of dispersion shifted fibre Raman amplifiers has been characterised. The noise performance has also been investigated.
Reduction of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Lithium Aluminum Hydride<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Lithium Aluminum Hydride1Lawrence H. Amundsen and Lloyd S. NelsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 1, 242–244Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01145a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5865Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of respiratory mechanics on the capnogram phases: importance of dynamic compliance of the respiratory system (2012)

SIII assessed in the time domain and by volumetry provide meaningful information about alterations in airway caliber, but only within an individual patient. Although S(T-III) may be of value for bedside monitoring of the airway properties, its sensitivity depends on Crs. Thus, assessment of the capnogram shape should always be coupled with Crs when the airway resistance or oxygenation are evaluated.
Design and Implementation of a Novel User Interface for Embedded System (2008)

This paper presents an implementation of self-designed user interface for embedded systems by making use of flash which is now widely used on website. Traditional graphic systems basing on components lack of flexibility and are complicated to be customized, so we propose a new architecture of the user interface with an in-depth description of the inter-module communication methods. Aiming at implementation on embedded system, several optimizations are made to improve the performance. This scheme has achieved good performance on two Set-top boxes with Linux operating system.
Two Wickiups on the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona (1958)

Two wickiups were examined on the San Carlos Apache Reservation in 1956 under the auspices of the University of Arizona and the Arizona State Museum. One of the wickiups has recently been constructed and abandoned; the other structure and a nearby site are believed to have been abandoned some ten years or more ago. These dwellings are believed to be good examples of Western Apache wickiups, since they are both located on the San Carlos Apache Reservation, an area known to have been inhabited by the Western Apache for some 100 years or more, and because they appear to be similar to wickiups occupied by Apache living on the Reservation today.
Mechanisms and Regulation of Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing (2015)

Precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing is a critical step in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, providing significant expansion of the functional proteome of eukaryotic organisms with limited gene numbers. Split eukaryotic genes contain intervening sequences or introns disrupting protein-coding exons, and intron removal occurs by repeated assembly of a large and highly dynamic ribonucleoprotein complex termed the spliceosome, which is composed of five small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles, U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5. Biochemical studies over the past 10 years have allowed the isolation as well as compositional, functional, and structural analysis of splicing complexes at distinct stages along the spliceosome cycle. The average human gene contains eight exons and seven introns, producing an average of three or more alternatively spliced mRNA isoforms. Recent high-throughput sequencing studies indicate that 100% of human genes produce at least two alternative mRNA isoforms. Mechanisms of alternative splicing include RNA-protein interactions of splicing factors with regulatory sites termed silencers or enhancers, RNA-RNA base-pairing interactions, or chromatin-based effects that can change or determine splicing patterns. Disease-causing mutations can often occur in splice sites near intron borders or in exonic or intronic RNA regulatory silencer or enhancer elements, as well as in genes that encode splicing factors. Together, these studies provide mechanistic insights into how spliceosome assembly, dynamics, and catalysis occur; how alternative splicing is regulated and evolves; and how splicing can be disrupted by cis- and trans-acting mutations leading to disease states. These findings make the spliceosome an attractive new target for small-molecule, antisense, and genome-editing therapeutic interventions.
Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converters (2006)

This report addresses the development of photonic analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) based on InP technology, a path that could lead to a fully integrated photonic ADC. The historical background of electronic ADC's is followed by a detailed description of photonic ADC architectures pursued by the SNDP in-house Photonic ADC team. The development and the importance of the key components are also presented, namely lasers, modulators, and quantizers. It was initially anticipated that a demonstration of the photonic ADC could be made available for the AFRL Monobit cueing receiver; however, the program was ended before this goal could be achieved. This report summarizes the results obtained up to that point.
A two-year prospective study of the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on urinary bile acid excretion and liver morphology in cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease (1998)

The efficacy of 2 years of treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in cystic fibrosis (CF)-associated liver disease was evaluated by liver biopsies and liver function tests in 10 patients aged 8 to 28 years. The metabolism of UDCA was investigated by analysis of urinary bile acids with fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS) and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eight patients responded with normalization of liver function tests (LFT) and all with decreased serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Blind evaluation of liver biopsies indicated improved liver morphology with less inflammation and/or bile duct proliferation than before treatment with UDCA in 7 patients. Only 1 patient had signs of progression of clinical liver disease. The proportion of UDCA and isoUDCA in urine varied, but increased during treatment from a mean (median) of approximately 4% (3%) to 40% (40%) of total bile acids. The increase was not related to LFT. The secondary bile acids, such as lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA), did not increase significantly. The excretion pattern of glycosidic conjugates of UDCA and its metabolites was similar to that found in healthy individuals, UDCA and isoUDCA being mainly excreted in conjugation with N-acetylglucosamine. This study shows that UDCA modulates inflammation in CF-associated liver disease and indicates improvement of liver morphology during 2 years of treatment.
Modeling the dynamic interaction between left ventricle and intra-aortic balloon pump (1991)

An analog model is developed to characterize how alterations of some intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) parameters affect the coupling between left ventricle (LV) and aorta. The time-varying elastance concept is applied to modeling both active components (LV and IABP) in the assisted circulation. Pressure and flow waveforms in the system are determined by numerically integrating five simultaneous state equations that represent the system dynamics. Validity of the model is supported by good agreement between model predictions and published data on LV pressure-volume (P-V) loops, end-systolic P-V relations, and hemodynamic consequences of adjusting IABP timing and speed. The model also predicts that increasing balloon volume increases the diastolic aortic pressure augmentation but has a negative effect of increasing LV load. Increasing balloon diameter over length ratio and holding a constant volume increases the diastolic augmentation and decreases the LV demand. Positioning the balloon closer to the heart improves systolic unloading but affects neither diastolic augmentation nor cardiac output. These results suggest that occlusivity is a major determinant of IABP effectiveness and plays a more important role than balloon volume and position.
Multi-dimensional search result diversification (2011)

Most existing search result diversification algorithms diversify search results in terms of a specific dimension. In this paper, we argue that search results should be diversified in a multi-dimensional way, as queries are usually ambiguous at different levels and dimensions. We first explore mining subtopics from four types of data sources, including anchor texts, query logs, search result clusters, and web sites. Then we propose a general framework that explicitly diversifies search results based on multiple dimensions of subtopics. It balances the relevance of documents with respect to the query and the novelty of documents by measuring the coverage of subtopics. Experimental results on the TREC 2009 Web track dataset indicate that combining multiple types of subtopics do help better understand user intents. By incorporating multiple types of subtopics, our models improve the diversity of search results over the sole use of one of them, and outperform two state-of-the-art models.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Modeling of Saccharides. Part 19. Cyclofructins with Six to Ten β‐(1→2)‐Linked Fructofuranose Units: Geometries, Electrostatic Profiles, Lipophilicity Patterns, and Potential for Inclusion Complexation. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Emulsion Polymerization (1985)

Emulsion polymerization is the process of choice for the commercial production of many polymers used for coating and adhesive applications, especially for those products that can be used in latex form. Emulsion polymerization uses free-radical polymerization mechanisms with unsaturated monomers. The heterogeneous nature of the reaction mixture, however, has a significant influence on the chemical and physical reaction mechanisms and on the nature of the final product. A simple recipe for emulsion polymerization would be comprised of hydrophobic monomers (40 to 60 volume percent), a continuous aqueous phase (40 to 60 volume percent), a water-soluble initiator, and an emulsifier or stabilizer. Other minor ingredients such as chain transfer agents, inhibitors or retarders, and buffers may also be present. Emulsion polymerization is characterized by a large number of reaction sites (the polymer particles) that contain a small number of free radicals. These free radicals are isolated because of the water phase
One-Time Knocking framework using SPA and IPsec (2010)

This paper presents an improved scheme over the existing Port-Knocking and Single Packet Authorization by employing One-Time Password to generate the authorization tokens for the server to verify the authenticity of client before allowing the deployment of dynamic firewall rules. This One-Time Knocking framework utilizes mobile networks such as GSM or CDMA network as an out-out-band channel to create a 2-factor authentication. Our improved scheme protects against off-line and on-line dictionary and brute-force password attack. It also provides a strong association between Port-Knocking or Single Packet Authorization and the post-authentication connectivity between the client and server thus stopping adversaries from hijacking the session by Man-In-The-Middle attacks.
A fully integrated real-time multi-tasking knowledge-based system: application to an on-board diagnostic system (2003)

A flexible software architecture is required to allow problem solving in dynamic real-time situations. Such an architecture is described. It is based on a knowledge-based development system, SUPER, and a real-time multi-tasking kernel which gives to the knowledge-based system the ability to perform data input, interrupt handling, and temporal reasoning during the inference process. Methods are provided which allow the system to be responsive to important events and to focus attention dynamically. It is possible to generate a source code from the knowledge base. This code can be compiled and linked to external procedures. The application of the system to the development of an integrated real-time diagnostic system, embedded in a car, which computes its capacity to execute a maneuver safely, is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single Photon Avalanche Diode Collection Efficiency Enhancement via Peripheral Well-Controlled Field (2015)

Single-photon avalanche diodes photon detection efficiency (PDE) and breakdown uniformity are studied. An approach to increase the PDE based on controlled breakdown of the peripheral region of the junction is described. Parameters influencing and controlling the peripheral region breakdown are discussed. A collection efficiency >60% is demonstrated, nearly twice that of a conventional, planar breakdown device.
A<sub>3</sub>adenosine receptor activation decreases mortality and renal and hepatic injury in murine septic peritonitis (2006)

The role of A3 adenosine receptors (ARs) in sepsis and inflammation is controversial. In this study, we determined the effects of A3AR modulation on mortality and hepatic and renal dysfunction in a murine model of sepsis. To induce sepsis, congenic A3AR knockout mice (A3AR KO) and wild-type control (A3AR WT) mice were subjected to cecal ligation and double puncture (CLP). A3AR KO mice had significantly worse 7-day survival compared with A3AR WT mice. A3AR KO mice also demonstrated significantly higher elevations in plasma creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, and TNF-alpha 24 h after induction of sepsis compared with A3AR WT mice. Renal cortices from septic A3AR KO mice exhibited increased mRNA encoding proinflammatory cytokines and enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-kB compared with samples from A3AR WT mice. A3AR WT mice treated with N6-(3-iodobenzyl)ADO-5'N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA; a selective A3AR agonist) or 3-ethyl-5-benzyl-2-methyl-4-phenylethynyl-6-phenyl-1,4-(+/-)-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (MRS-1191; a selective A3AR antagonist) had improved or worsened 7-day survival after induction of sepsis, respectively. Moreover, A3AR WT mice treated with IB-MECA or MRS-1191 showed acutely improved or worsened, respectively, renal and hepatic function following CLP. IB-MECA significantly reduced mortality in mice lacking the A1AR or A2aAR but not the A3AR, demonstrating specificity of IB-MECA in activating A3ARs and mediating protection against sepsis-induced mortality. We conclude that endogenous or exogenous A3AR activation confers significant protection from murine septic peritonitis primarily by attenuating the hyperacute inflammatory response in sepsis.
rsted pre-flight magnetometer calibration mission (2003)

The compact spherical coil (CSC) vector-feedback magnetometer on the Danish Ørsted geomagnetic mapping satellite underwent extensive calibrations and verifications prior to integration and launch. The theory of the 'thin shell' calibration procedure is introduced. Spherical harmonic modelling was developed and tested over several years and used for Ørsted and other missions at test facilities in Europe, the United States and the Republic of South Africa. The verification of the test coil system using an Overhauser absolute scalar proton magnetometer is explained and the overall calibration results are given. The temperature calibrations are explained and reported on. The overall calibration model standard deviation is about 100 pT rms. Comparisons with the later in-flight calibrations show that, except for the unknown satellite offsets, an agreement within 4 nT was obtained. Finally an rf interference between the CSC and the Overhauser magnetometer is discussed, which may account for some of this discrepancy.
Preparation of In-Vivo Rat Lung Model for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (1993)

An in-vivo rat lung model for ischemia-reperfusion injury was prepared. The left lung was collapsed after hilar stripping, and the left main pulmonary artery and bronchus were clamped. After the determined period of clamping the left main pulmonary artery and bronchus were declamped and the right main pulmonary artery was clamped. Arterial gas analyses were performed, 1, 10, and 20 minutes after reperfusion. The wet/dry lung eight ratio was calculated and lungs were histologically examined. Before clamping, PaO2 was 102-155 mmHg in all animals. The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups; Group I: temperature 19 degrees C, humidity 55% and duration of clamping 120 minutes (n = 2); Group II: 23 degrees C, 55% and 120 minutes (n = 4); Group III: 23 degrees C, 55% and 90 minutes (n = 5); Group IV: 23 degrees C, 65% and 75 minutes (n = 9). In Group IV, PaO2 decreased significantly in all 9 animals immediately after reperfusion, and at 1, 10, and 20 minutes it was 53.2 +/- 6.1 mmHg, 53.4 +/- 10.2 mmHg, and 67.0 +/- 10.2 mmHg, respectively. Pulmonary edema was observed histologically in 7 of the 9 animals. In-vivo rat lung models for ischemia-reperfusion injury are affected by the surrounding conditions. We established a stable model by setting ischemic time, temperature, and humidity at 75 minutes, 23 degrees C, and 65%, respectively.