gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study on low complexity models to predict flaws in the Linux source code (2017)

Due to the constant evolution of technology, each day brings new programming languages, development paradigms, and ways of evaluating processes. This is no different with source code metrics, where there is always new metric classes. To use a software metric to support decisions, it is necessary to understand how to perform the metric collection, calculation, interpretation, and analysis. The tasks of collecting and calculating source code metrics are most often automated, but how should we monitor them during the software development cycle? Our research aims to assist the software engineer to monitor metrics of vulnerability threats present in the source code through a reference prediction model, considering that real world software have non-functional security requirements, which implies the need to know how to monitor these requirements during the software development cycle. As a first result, this paper presents an empirical study on the evolution of the Linux project. Based on static analysis data, we propose low complexity models to study flaws in the Linux source code. About 391 versions of the project were analyzed by mining the official Linux repository using an approach that can be reproduced to perform similar studies. Our results show that it is possible to predict the number of warnings triggered by a static analyzer for a given software project revision as long as the software is continuously monitored.
A viable and comprehensive TDDB assessment methodology for investigation of SRAM V<inf>min</inf> failure (2009)

Based on fundamental understanding of oxide breakdown (BD) physics established for thin oxides, we demonstrate that product circuit malfunction such as SRAM V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> failure due to intrinsic TDDB can be accurately predicted. This prediction is based on a viable methodology using power-law voltage acceleration and progressive BD.
Remote Measurement of Gases Using Differential-Absorption Lidar (1978)

The differential-absorption lidar (DIAL) technique is recognized worldwide as being a sensitive and long-range method for making remote measurements of gases. This article summarizes the research performed at SRI on the infrared DIAL. A deuterium fluoride lidar was used for the remote measurement of integrated concentrations of HC1, CH4 , and N2 0 in a sample chamber between the lidar and a topographic target. A CO2 lidar was employed for range-resolved measurements of ambient water vapor using radiation backscattered from naturally occurring aerosols. Also, integrated concentrations of ambient ethylene were measured using a CO2 lidar system, and good agreement was obtained between lidar and in situ measured concentrations. Calculations indicate that range-resolved concentration profiles can be obtained for many gases at a range of 10 km using commercially available components.
Syntheses of (.+-.)-cis-.GAMMA.-irone and its related compounds. (1987)

(±)-cis-γ-Irone (1a), (±)-cis-dihydro-γ-irone (2a) and their trans-isomers (1b, 2b) were synthesized via 3, 3-(Claisen) or 2, 3-sigmatropic rearrangement of 1-hydroxymethyl-3, 3, 4-trimethyl-1-cyclehexene (8) derivatives as each key step.
Virus-Induced Gene Silencing of <i>Argonaute</i> Genes in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> Demonstrates That Extensive Systemic Silencing Requires <i>Argonaute1</i>-Like and <i>Argonaute4</i>-Like Genes (2006)

Several distinct pathways of RNA silencing operate in plants with roles including the suppression of virus accumulation, control of endogenous gene expression, and direction of DNA and chromatin modifications. Proteins of the Dicer-Like and Argonaute (AGO) families have key roles within these silencing pathways and have distinct biochemical properties. We are interested in the relationships between different silencing pathways and have used Nicotiana benthamiana as a model system. While not being an amenable plant for traditional genetics, N. benthamiana is extensively used for RNA-silencing studies. Using virus-induced gene silencing technology we demonstrate that both NbAGO1- and NbAGO4-like genes are required for full systemic silencing but not for silencing directed by an inverted repeat transgene. Phenotypic differences between the virus-induced gene silencing plants indicate that NbAGO1 and NbAGO4 like act at different stages of the silencing pathways. Suppression of NbAGO1 expression recapitulated the hypomorphic mutant phenotype of certain Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ago1 alleles, however, suppression of NbAgo4 like resulted in phenotypes differing in some respects from those reported for Arabidopsis ago4. We suggest that the small interfering RNA amplification step required for full systemic silencing is dependent upon a nuclear event requiring the activity of NbAGO4 like.
Characteristics of Cerebral Microembolism During Carotid Stenting and Angioplasty Alone (2001)

Cerebral microembolism has often been documented by transcranial Doppler imaging during carotid angioplasty and stenting. However, few data are available about its characteristics during the 2 different kinds of procedure.To compare the incidence of microemboli occurring during angioplasty alone with that during stenting in the different phases of the procedures and to relate it to periprocedural cerebrovascular complications.Thirty-eight patients underwent 41 procedures (15 angioplasty alone and 26 stenting) for symptomatic carotid stenoses of 70% or more. Transcranial Doppler monitoring was performed to detect microemboli in the middle cerebral artery during 3 phases of the procedure: (1) guidewire crossing, (2) first dilatation in case of angioplasty alone or stent release with predilatation if performed, and (3) further dilatation.Microemboli occurred in all cases in phase 1 of the procedure but less frequently in the arteries treated with stenting when compared with those treated with angioplasty alone in phase 2 and particularly (P<.02) in phase 3. The mean number of microemboli was highest in phase 2, predominant (P<.05) during angioplasty alone, and particularly reduced (P<.02) in phase 3 during the stenting procedures. During 2 (5%) of the 41 procedures, cerebrovascular complications occurred in phase 1, with the number of microemboli being higher than mean values.Cerebral microembolism is a very common event, especially during guidewire crossing and angioplasty alone compared with stenting. Further studies concerning the prognostic significance of this are advisable.
Optimizing TCP parameters over GPRS and WLAN real networks (2004)

Internet based applications are mostly based on a reliable transport service. TCP (transmission control protocol) is one of the protocols responsible for applications performance. Mobile users access to Internet services through 2.5 and 3 Generation networks, which have a significant latency due to error mechanisms introduced at the link layer, as well as transmission delays in the radio access networks. High latency produces interaction with timers of upper protocols. Data rate is other limiting characteristic on these networks. Moreover, data rate changes during a TCP connection due to mobility. TCP can adapt its rate when slow data rate changes thanks to its self-clocking propriety. In case of a sudden change, TCP performance is degraded due to spurious retransmission, and the activation of its congestion control mechanisms. This paper will show the effects and optimization of some TCP parameters over GPRS (general packet radio service) and 802.11b real networks.
Gravitational-wave versus electromagnetic-wave antennas (1995)

Unlike radio waves, gravitational waves have not yet been conclusively detected. However, there is indirect evidence from the slow decay of binary-pulsar systems. The author describes some of the gravitational antenna hardware, and tries to relate it to the more-familiar antennas of radio, radar, and astronomy. Particularly noted is the phenomenon that an electromagnetic antenna readily intercepts the time-varying wave, whereas a gravitational wave readily passes right through its counterpart, with minuscule energy transfer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental Demonstration of a Tunable Microwave Undulator (2014)

Static magnetic undulators used by x-ray light sources are fundamentally too limited to achieve shorter undulator periods and dynamic control. To overcome these limitations, we report experimental demonstration of a novel short-period microwave undulator, essentially a Thomson scattering device, that has yielded tunable spontaneous emission and seeded coherent radiation. Its equivalent undulator period (λu) is 13.9 mm while it has achieved an equivalent magnetic field of 0.65 T. For future-generation light sources, this device promises a shorter undulator period, a large aperture, and fast dynamic control.
Translocation hypothesis of insulin action on glucose transport. (1984)

This article reviews the experimental data that support the translocation hypothesis of insulin action on glucose transport in adipocytes. According to this hypothesis, 1) most of the glucose transport mechanism in the basal (no insulin) form of fat cells is associated with an unidentified subcellular structure (the storage site), which is separated into the Golgi-rich fraction by centrifugation, and 2) the function of insulin is to induce translocation of the glucose transport mechanism from the above storage site to the plasma membrane. This translocation of the transport mechanism is reversible, dependent on metabolic energy, and independent of protein synthesis.
Sequential shifts in the three major glycosphingolipid series are associated with B cell differentiation (1991)

Cell surface glycolipid expression as well as total glycolipid content of various B cell lines, representative of different B cell stages, and normal B lymphocytes were examined. Glycolipids, made up of a carbohydrate chain attached to a lipid called ceramide, are classified in four main 'series'. These series are defined according to the identity and chemical bonding of the sugars closest to the ceramide moiety. The pre-B cell lines contained lacto-series type II chain-based glycolipids and II3-alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminosyllactosylceramide (GM3) ganglioside. Upon differentiation, the lacto-series synthesis was shut down whereas compounds of the globo-series appeared: resting lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) expressed GM3, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), and globoside (Gb4). At a later stage of B cell differentiation, biosynthesis of the ganglio-series was extended and myeloma cells expressed II3-alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminosylgangliotriosylceramide (GM2). At the cell surface, in addition to Gb3, that we previously described as specifically expressed on Burkitt's lymphoma cells and on a subset of germinal centre tonsillar B cells, two glycolipids seemed specific of certain B cell lines: Gb4 was strongly positive on six out of eight LCLs and on the low buoyant density fraction of tonsillar B lymphocytes, whereas GM2 ganglioside was only detected on the two myeloma cell lines. These results, demonstrating the stage-dependent expression of certain glycolipids, suggest that these carbohydrate molecules could play functional roles during B cell differentiation.
Discovery of a Novel Series of Benzoic Acid Derivatives as Potent and Selective Human β<sub>3</sub>Adrenergic Receptor Agonists with Good Oral Bioavailability. 3. Phenylethanolaminotetraline (PEAT) Skeleton Containing Biphenyl or Biphenyl Ether Moiety (2008)

We designed a series of benzoic acid derivatives containing the biphenyl ether or biphenyl template on the RHS and a phenylethanolaminotetraline (PEAT) skeleton, which was prepared by highly stereoselective synthesis, to generate two structurally different lead compounds ( 10c, 10m) with a good balance of potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic profile. Further optimization of the two lead compounds to improve potency led to several potential candidates (i.e., 11f, 11l, 11o, 12b). In particular, biphenyl analogue 12b exhibited an excellent balance of high potency (EC50 = 0.38 nM) for beta3, high selectivity over beta1 and beta2, and good pharmacokinetic properties in rats, dogs, and monkeys.
Do high carbohydrate diets prevent the development or attenuate the manifestations (or both) of syndrome X? A viewpoint strongly against (1997)

Syndrome X refers to a cluster of abnormalities, associated with resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake that increase risk of coronary heart disease. Increases in carbohydrate intake (with reciprocal decreases in fat content) within the boundaries of menus that can be followed in the free-living state have not been shown to decrease insulin resistance, either directly by enhancing insulin sensitivity or indirectly by producing and maintaining weight loss. However, such diets accentuate the metabolic abnormalities that constitute syndrome X. Because substitution of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat, or both, for saturated fat results in the same fall in LDL-cholesterol concentration as seen with low fat/high carbohydrate diets, it is concluded that low fat/high carbohydrate diets should be avoided in the treatment of syndrome X.
Compressive load applied by the teatcup liner to the bovine teat (1987)

The magnitude of the cyclic load applied to the teat apex by the collapsed liner during milking was estimated by measuring the pressure required to cause retrograde flow of milk into the teat canal from a manometer attached to the external teat orifice. The study was extended by observation of the milk flow cycle within a transparent teatcup assembly and by pressure recordings within the teat canal using a catheter-tip transducer. The source of the force compressing the teat is the small airspace, within the collapsed liner, directly below the teat apex. The total force generated is determined mainly by the size of this airspace and the pressure difference (PD) acting across the opposing liner walls. When the PD reached 80-90% of the liner vacuum, the load was just sufficient to occlude the teat canal. Further increase in PD provided the compressive load capable of offsetting vascular congestion of the teat apex. Increasing liner tension increased the load applied. The narrow range of compressive loads applied by conventional liners (5-12 kPa above atmospheric pressure) may be sufficient to offset congestion and oedema in the teat. Loads greater than the mean arterial pressure within the teat apex might serve only to expose the tissues to non-productive compression.
Clipping Service User's Manual (Version 1.2) (1987)

The Clipping Service is a program that will send selected stories from the New York Times and other information sources to you via electronic mail. In order to use the Clipping Service, you first describe your interests to the Clipping Service in a simple full-text query language, and then mail this interest profile to the DARPA Internet mail address clip@db.lcs.mit.edu.
Purification, Cloning, and Expression of a Pathogen Inducible UDP-glucose:Salicylic Acid Glucosyltransferase from Tobacco (1999)

Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in plant disease resistance. Inoculation of tobacco leaves with incompatible pathogens triggers the biosynthesis of SA which accumulates primarily as the SA 2-O-beta-D-glucoside (SAG) and glucosyl salicylate (GS). The tobacco UDP-glucose:salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (SA GTase) capable of forming both SAG and GS was purified, characterized, and partially sequenced. It has an apparent molecular mass of 48 kDa, a pH optimum of 7.0, and an isoelectric point at pH 4.4. UDP-glucose was the sole sugar donor for the enzyme. However, SA and several phenolics served as glucose acceptors. The apparent K(m) values for UDP-glucose and SA were 0.27 and 1-2 mM, respectively. Zn(2+) and UDP inhibited its activity. The corresponding cDNA clone which encoded a protein of 459 amino acids was isolated from an SA-induced tobacco cDNA library and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein catalyzed the formation of SAG and GS, and exhibited a broad specificity to simple phenolics, similar to that of the purified enzyme. Northern blot analysis showed that the SA GTase mRNA was induced both by SA and incompatible pathogens. The rapid induction timing of the mRNA by SA indicates that it belongs to the early SA response genes.
Influence of biocides on tomato nitrogen uptake and soil nitrification and denitirification (1991)

Abstract As a result of repeated applications, some fungicides may accumulate in the soil to levels high enough to have adverse effects on the activity of soil microorganisms and plant growth. Comparison of the effects of 10 mg kg‐1 soil of the benlate, captan, and lime‐sulfur fungicides with the nitrification inhibitors (NI) nitrapyrin and terrazole on oxidation of NH4 + in Tifton loamy sand (siliceous, thermic plinthic Typic Kandiudults) incubated at 30° C showed that benlate had no significant effects whereas captan inhibited nitrification 21% more than lime‐sulfur, but about 20% less than NI. Application of benlate enhanced NO3 ‐ reduction to N2O and N2 in liquid medium inoculated with soil whereas 50 and 100 mg L"1 medium of captan and lime‐sulfur compared favorably with the NI in suppressing NO3 ‐ and NO2 ‐ reductions, but were less effective than the inhibitors when applied at the low rate of 10 mg L‐1 medium. In a greenhouse study with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. ‘Better Boy'), weekly drench applications of 0.25 mg kg‐1 soil of the test biocides for four weeks with three NH4 +‐N: NO3 ‐‐N ratios showed that benlate applied with 1: 0 N ratio and lime‐sulfur applied with 0: 1 N ratio restricted significantly the plant growth and N uptake. The largest root: shoot ratios, total plant dry weight, and N uptake were obtained with plants fertilized with 1: 1 N ratio in combination with the biocides.
Longer Life for the Blue Laser (1997)

One year ago, researchers at Nichia Chemical Industries in Japan announced the development of a continuously operating laser diode that produced light emission at blue wavelengths. In his Perspective, Fasol describes the latest research from Nichia, in which a new blue laser architecture has been developed that promises continuous operation for 10,000 hours. At this level of reliability, the blue laser begins to meet the needs of many commercial applications, such as full color displays, high-density data storage, and optical communications.
Atomic Structure of the Trypsin−Aeruginosin 98-B Complex (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAtomic Structure of the Trypsin−Aeruginosin 98-B ComplexBenjamin Sandler, Masahiro Murakami, and Jon ClardyView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853-1301 Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3, 595–596Publication Date (Web):January 3, 1998Publication History Received26 August 1997Published online3 January 1998Published inissue 1 January 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja972991vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja972991vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views523Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Carbonyls,Inhibitors,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Genetic variation in four maturity genes affects photoperiod insensitivity and PHYA-regulated post-flowering responses of soybean (2013)

Diverse genetic mechanisms underlie photoperiod insensitivity in soybean. At least three multi-locus genotypes consisting of various allelic combinations at E1, E3, and E4 conferred pre-flowering photoperiod insensitivity to soybean cultivars but led to different responses to photoperiod during post-flowering vegetative and reproductive development. The phyA genes E3 and E4 are major controllers underlying not only pre-flowering but also post-flowering photoperiod responses. The current findings improve our understanding of genetic diversity in pre-flowering photoperiod insensitivity and mechanisms of post-flowering photoperiod responses in soybean.
Brain Wave Components of the Contingent Negative Variation in Humans (1976)

In a contingent negative variation paradigm with two stimuli paired at an interstimulus interval of 4 seconds, two distinct waveforms having functional and topographic differences are observed. An early wave is maximal over the frontal cortex and is elicited by the warning stimulus. A later wave, maximal over the motor cortex, precedes the imperative stimulus and is identified with preparation for motor response.
Spin thermodynamics applied to pure nuclear quadrupole resonance for an inhomogeneously broadened line in a spin-<sup>3</sup>/<sub>2</sub>system (1986)

The Jeener-Broekaert pulse sequence is applied to the chlorine nuclear quadrupole resonance in a polycrystalline sample of K2OsCl6 at 295K. The system is interesting because the resonance is inhomogeneously broadened and one might expect that the Jeener-Broekaert sequence would not be able to effect the transfer of energy from the quadrupolar to the dipolar reservoir. However, the observed in-phase response is very nearly the dipolar echo for certain values of the spacings of the pulses in the sequence. The variation of the response with pulse spacings is qualitatively accounted for by an extension of the usual spin-thermodynamics treatment explicitly to include the effect of the inhomogeneous broadening.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> PBP4 Is Essential for β-Lactam Resistance in Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Strains (2008)

Recent cases of infections caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (CA-MRSA) strains in healthy individuals have raised concerns worldwide. CA-MRSA strains differ from hospital-acquired MRSAs by virtue of their genomic background and increased virulence in animal models. Here, we show that in two common CA-MRSA isolates, USA300 and MW2 (USA400), a loss of penicillin binding protein 4 (PBP4) is sufficient to cause a 16-fold reduction in oxacillin and nafcillin resistance, thus demonstrating that mecA, encoding PBP2A, is not the sole determinant of methicillin resistance in CA-MRSA. The loss of PBP4 was also found to severely affect the transcription of PBP2 in cells after challenge with oxacillin, thus leading to a significant decrease in peptidoglycan cross-linking. Autolysis, which is commonly associated with the killing mechanism of penicillin and beta-lactams, does not play a role in the reduced resistance phenotype associated with the loss of PBP4. We also showed that cefoxitin, a semisynthetic beta-lactam that binds irreversibly to PBP4, is synergistic with oxacillin in killing CA-MRSA strains, including clinical CA-MRSA isolates. Thus, PBP4 represents a major target for drug rediscovery against CA-MRSA, and a combination of cefoxitin and synthetic penicillins may be an effective therapy for CA-MRSA infections.