gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Freshly Voided Urine Temperature: A Test for Factitial Fever (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Occasionally the differential diagnosis of the condition of a patient with a fever of unknown origin will include factitial fever.<sup>1,2</sup>Factitial fever is an elevated thermometer reading but normal body temperature due to fraudulent manipulation of the thermometer.<sup>3,4</sup>Once this diagnosis is entertained, however, it may be difficult to prove. One method of proof which has been suggested many times is simultaneous determination of the oral or rectal and freshly voided urine temperature.<sup>1-4</sup>The purpose of this paper is to examine the accuracy and practicality of this procedure on a busy general medicine ward. <h3>Materials and Methods.—</h3> The general medicine ward of the 483rd USAF Hospital, Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam, is a 33-bed open ward. Staffed by one to two nurses and three to five corpsmen (orderlies) during the day, it admits from 5 to 15 clinically ill male servicemen daily, over half of
Complement membrane attack complex, perforin, and bacterial exotoxins induce in K562 cells calcium-dependent cross-protection from lysis (1995)

The complement membrane attack complex (MAC), the cytolytic granule protein of cytotoxic lymphocytes perforin, the streptococcal exotoxin streptolysin O (SLO), and the bee venom polypeptide melittin utilize a similar mechanism to incorporate into cell membranes, induce a Ca2+ influx and a rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and produce cell lysis. At sublytic concentrations, these proteins trigger several cellular activities, including protein phosphorylation and synthesis. We have recently demonstrated that human leukemic cells treated with sublytic doses of human complement become more resistant to lytic complement doses. The study has now been extended to include three other pore-formers: murine perforin, SLO and melittin. As shown here, sublytic MAC induces in the K562 human erythroleukemic cells protection from lytic perforin, and vice versa, sublytic perforin induces protection from complement. Also, sublytic SLO and melittin increase resistance of K562 cells to lytic complement and perforin doses. The capacity of Ca2+ ionophores to induce resistance to the lytic proteins has been examined. Exposure of K562 cells to sublytic concentrations of ionomycin or A23187 for 1 h at 37 degrees C confers on them resistance to complement- and perforin-mediated lysis. The protective effects of the ionophores can be abrogated by chelation of extracellular Ca2+ and by inhibition of RNA or protein synthesis in the cells. These results indicate the following: 1) nucleated cells exposed to sublytic complement MAC, perforin, SLO, or melittin may become resistant to the four pore-formers. Physiologically, this may be regarded as an immunologic tachyphylaxis. 2) Ca2+ influx induced by these pore-formers is an essential and sufficient factor to produce this tachyphylaxis.
Chemical reactivity of size-selected supported clusters: An experimental setup (1997)

We describe an experimental setup for the investigation of the chemical reactivity of size-selected, supported clusters. The clusters are generated by a high frequency laser vaporization source. After mass selection and energy control the clusters are deposited under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions and with low kinetic energy onto thin oxide films grown on metal single crystals. Such films are ideal in their function as supports for size-selected deposited metal clusters. Measured currents of mass-selected niobium cluster ions were of the order of 1 nA and are high enough for fast deposition rates. Adsorbed molecules used on the one hand as probes to characterize the supported clusters and on the other hand for studying chemical reactions on these clusters are investigated in situ by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, temperature desorption spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The performance of these analytical tools is illustrated with CO adsorbed on Ni atoms supported on thin MgO(100) films grown on a Mo(100) single crystal.
Total Synthesis of the Sphingolipid Biosynthesis Inhibitor Fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> (2009)

The first total synthesis of the sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitor fumonisin B(1) has been achieved. This convergent synthesis utilizes oxonia Cope rearrangements to prepare two key homoallylic alcohols, which are then functionalized to the primary components A and B for cross-coupling. Other highlights of our approach include a new and efficient synthesis of the diprotected tricarballylic acid C and a global deprotection strategy as the final step.
Pulmonary vascular pressures of exercising Thoroughbred horses with and without endoscopic evidence of EIPH (1996)

Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is a common occurrence in racehorses. The objective of this study was to compare pulmonary vascular pressures of healthy Thoroughbred horses with and without postexertion endoscopically detectable fresh blood in the trachea. The nasopharynx, larynx, and trachea (down to the carina) of horses were examined weekly with an endoscope 55-60 min postexertion, and the diagnosis of EIPH was confirmed by the presence of fresh blood in the trachea. Measurements of heart rate and right atrial, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary arterial wedge pressures were made during quiet rest and during treadmill exercise performed at 14.5 m/s on a 5% uphill grade. This workload elicited maximal heart rate of the horses. Mean pulmonary capillary pressure was estimated to be halfway between the mean pulmonary arterial pressure and the mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure. These data from 7 healthy sound exercise-trained horses that were positive on 12 consecutive occasions (at 1-wk intervals) for the postexercise presence of fresh blood in the trachea were compared with those in 8 healthy horses that were consistently negative for the evidence of fresh blood in the trachea on postexercise endoscopic examination over 12-16 wk. The heart rate and the right heart and/or pulmonary vascular pressures in the two groups of horses were similar at rest. Exercise was attended by a large significant (P < 0.05) increase in these pressures and heart rate in both groups. However, statistically significant differences between endoscopically EIPH-positive and endoscopically EIPH-negative horses for heart rate and right atrial and pulmonary vascular pressures were not found during exercise. Thus these data revealed that the magnitude of exercise-induced right atrial as well as pulmonary arterial, capillary, and venous hypertension in endoscopically EIPH-positive horses that are otherwise healthy is quite similar to that in endoscopically EIPH-negative horses during comparable exertion.
The HDL mimetic CER‐001 remodels plasma lipoproteins and reduces kidney lipid deposits in inherited lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (2021)

This study demonstrates that CER-001 may represent a therapeutic option in FLD patients. It also has the potential to be beneficial in other renal diseases characterized by kidney lipid deposits.
Autophosphorylation of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphorylation of protein from skeletal muscle microsomes (1986)

Glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase purified from rabbit skeletal muscle is auto-phosphorylated with MgATP. Half-maximal phosphorylation is achieved around 0.3 mM. The phosphorylation is Ca2+ independent. The phosphoenzyme complex is labile in alkaline conditions and stable in moderately acid media. The complex is readily hydrolyzed by 0.1 M neutral hydroxylamine, indicating the complex formed is a high-energy acyl phosphate. The phosphorylation is reduced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, reduced form (NADH), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The enzyme is also dephosphorylated by these metabolites although to a lesser extent by NAD+. Calsequestrin isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle inhibits the phosphorylation of the enzyme. The phosphoenzyme behaves as a kinase catalyzing the phosphorylation of proteins of Mr 80 000 and 72 000 found in the skeletal muscle terminal cisternae/triad preparation. This reaction is enhanced by NADH. The phosphate found in the protein substrate has been shown to be the same phosphate initially involved in the phosphorylation of glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase.
The effects of copper on the efficacy of phytase, growth, and phosphorus retention in broiler chicks (2004)

Copper is often added to broiler diets at prophylactic concentrations as an antimicrobial despite purported chelation with and reduced utilization of phytin phosphorus. Therefore, male chicks were fed 0, 62.5, 125, 250, or 375 ppm Cu from Cu sulfate in combination with 600 phytase units (FTU)/kg phytase from 9 to 22 d of age (6 cages/diet, 8 birds/cage). Nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) and Ca were formulated to 0.2 and 0.7% of the diet, respectively. Three additional control diets were formulated to contain 0.27, 0.34, and 0.40% NPP, each with 0.7% Ca. Birds fed increasing concentrations of Cu with 600 FTU phytase/kg had linear reductions in performance characteristics (P < or = 0.05). Birds fed increasing concentrations of Cu with 600 FTU phytase/kg had linear increases in toe ash percentage (P < or = 0.027), but tibia ash percentage was not affected (P > 0.05). Birds fed increasing Cu concentrations with 600 FTU phytase/kg had linear reductions in apparent P retention as a percentage of total P (P < or = 0.0005). Supplementation with increasing concentrations of Cu to a diet containing 600 FTU phytase/kg resulted in decreases in 21 d BW, BW gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, tibia and toe ash weights, and apparent P retention as a percentage of total P. In this experiment, Cu supplementation did not reduce the efficacy of phytase (i.e., improvement in apparent P retention with phytase supplementation) but did decrease apparent P retention, BW gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and tibia ash and toe ash weights.
Regeneration of articular cartilage defects in rabbits by osteogenic protein-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-7). (1997)

Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1, BMP-7), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta family, induces cartilage and bone formation when implanted at intra and extraskeletal sites in vivo. The human OP-1 gene has been cloned and biologically active recombinant OP-1 homodimers have been produced. In the present study, the authors investigated the influence of OP-1 on healing of full-thickness articular cartilage defects, made by drilling two adjacent (phi 3mm) holes through articular cartilage of NZW rabbit knee joint were dissected and examined histomorphometrically. Results indicated that OP-1 induced articular cartilage healing and regeneration of the joint surface which contained cells resembling mature joint chondrocytes. These data imply a new strategy for biological repair of damaged joint surfaces in humans.
Relation between concentrations of metronidazole and Bacteroides spp in faeces of patients with Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. (1981)

Nine patients wih Crohn's disease and six healthy individuals were given 400 mg metronidazole twice daily and the concentration was measured in plasma and faeces 6 to 8 h after intake. Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological examinations were performed before and during treatment. The concentrations of metronidazole in plasma varied between 5 and 30 mg/l as measured by liquid chromatography (LC) and between 3 and 20 mg/l as measured by a bioassay (BA) method. There was no significant differences between the results of the two methods in patients but compared with BA the LC values were regularly lower in the healthy subjects. Metronidazole was detected in the faeces of most patients. These findings coincided with a significant reduction of Bacteroides spp in their faeces which was not apparent in healthy individuals in whom metronidazole was not detected in the faeces. Higher faecal metronidazole concentrations were found in patients with active disease and a total colon involvement as compared with the patients with a more quiescent disease and involvement of ileum and ascending colon only.
Golgi-resident Small GTPase Rab33B Interacts with Atg16L and Modulates Autophagosome Formation (2008)

Macroautophagy is a mechanism of degradation of cytoplasmic components in all eukaryotic cells. In macroautophagy, cytoplasmic components are wrapped by double-membrane structures called autophagosomes, whose formation involves unique membrane dynamics, i.e., de novo formation of a double-membrane sac called the isolation membrane and its elongation. However, the precise regulatory mechanism of isolation membrane formation and elongation remains unknown. In this study, we showed that Golgi-resident small GTPase Rab33B (and Rab33A) specifically interacts with Atg16L, an essential factor in isolation membrane formation, in a guanosine triphosphate-dependent manner. Expression of a GTPase-deficient mutant Rab33B (Rab33B-Q92L) induced the lipidation of LC3, which is an essential process in autophagosome formation, even under nutrient-rich conditions, and attenuated macroautophagy, as judged by the degradation of p62/sequestosome 1. In addition, overexpression of the Rab33B binding domain of Atg16L suppressed autophagosome formation. Our findings suggest that Rab33 modulates autophagosome formation through interaction with Atg16L.
Adamts5 Deletion Blocks Murine Dermal Repair through CD44-mediated Aggrecan Accumulation and Modulation of Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGFβ1) Signaling (2011)

ADAMTS5 has been implicated in the degradation of cartilage aggrecan in human osteoarthritis. Here, we describe a novel role for the enzyme in the regulation of TGFβ1 signaling in dermal fibroblasts both in vivo and in vitro. Adamts5(-/-) mice, generated by deletion of exon 2, exhibit impaired contraction and dermal collagen deposition in an excisional wound healing model. This was accompanied by accumulation in the dermal layer of cell aggregates and fibroblastic cells surrounded by a pericellular matrix enriched in full-length aggrecan. Adamts5(-/-) wounds exhibit low expression (relative to wild type) of collagen type I and type III but show a persistently elevated expression of tgfbRII and alk1. Aggrecan deposition and impaired dermal repair in Adamts5(-/-) mice are both dependent on CD44, and Cd44(-/-)/Adamts5(-/-) mice display robust activation of TGFβ receptor II and collagen type III expression and the dermal regeneration seen in WT mice. TGFβ1 treatment of newborn fibroblasts from wild type mice results in Smad2/3 phosphorylation, whereas cells from Adamts5(-/-) mice phosphorylate Smad1/5/8. The altered TGFβ1 response in the Adamts5(-/-) cells is dependent on the presence of aggrecan and expression of CD44, because Cd44(-/-)/Adamts5(-/-) cells respond like WT cells. We propose that ADAMTS5 deficiency in fibrous tissues results in a poor repair response due to the accumulation of aggrecan in the pericellular matrix of fibroblast progenitor cells, which prevents their transition to mature fibroblasts. Thus, the capacity of ADAMTS5 to modulate critical tissue repair signaling events suggests a unique role for this enzyme, which sets it apart from other members of the ADAMTS family of proteases.
A histological study of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal-deposition disease. (1989)

Synovial, meniscal, articular cartilage, and other connective tissue from fifty-seven patients who had calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal-deposition disease was examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and electron-probe microanalysis. Safranin O-positive hypertrophic chondrocytes that contained proteoglycans were observed in the tissues of each patient. Microcrystals that were suggestive of early precipitation of crystals were found in the degenerating matrix surrounding hypertrophic chondrocytes. The matrix contained electron-dense amorphous material, including proteoglycans and debris of cellular components. The microcrystals were often seen in contact with degenerating collagen fibers. There was never any histological evidence of formation of crystal in the areas that had no hypertrophic chondrocytes. Chondrocytes of this kind, surrounded by characteristic degenerating matrix, were never observed in the articular tissue from sixty-one patients who had only osteoarthritis. On the basis of our results, we speculate that electron-dense amorphous material containing proteoglycans and debris of cellular components, and the degenerating collagen fibers that were seen around the hypertrophic chondrocytes, may play important roles in the formation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals.
Intraperitoneal In Vivo Gene Therapy to Deliver α1-Antitrypsin to the Systemic Circulation (1994)

The utility of replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vector-mediated transfer and expression of the alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) cDNA to peritoneal mesothelial tissues was evaluated as a means of delivering alpha 1AT to the systemic circulation. Preliminary studies with Ad.RSV beta gal, an adenovirus vector expressing the Escherichia coli lacZ gene (beta-galactosidase), showed that intraperitoneal injection of 10(9) plaque-forming units (pfu) to cotton rats resulted in beta-galactosidase activity in mesothelial cells lining the peritoneal cavity. After intraperitoneal administration of 10(9) pfu of Ad alpha 1AT (an adenovirus vector containing the human alpha 1AT cDNA), human alpha 1AT was detectable in serum for up to 24 days, with a maximal level of 3.4 micrograms/ml at 4 days. Expression of the exogenous gene was localized to the peritoneal mesothelium as PCR analyses detected no evidence of expression of the exogenous gene in any other tissues evaluated. Anti-adenovirus vector antibodies were detectable in serum after intraperitoneal administration of the recombinant vectors, including antibodies with neutralizing activity. Repeat administrations of adenovirus vectors to the peritoneal cavity at 1 wk and 1 mo after the initial dose failed to show gene expression, but repeat administration 3 mo after demonstrated measurable gene transfer and expression. Together these observations suggest replication-deficient adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to the peritoneal mesothelium offers a promising means to transfer alpha 1AT to the systemic circulation, although immunity induced against the adenovirus may limit frequent repetitive dosing.
Influence of Growth Hormone and Androgens on Body Composition in Adults (1996)

The secretion of both growth hormone (GH) and androgens declines with age which may play a role in the senescent changes in body composition and organ function. Among healthy adults abdominal adiposity is an important negative determinant of GH secretion. Surprisingly, abdominal or android obesity seems inversely correlated with testosterone levels in males but not in females. The ability of GH to promote lipolysis and preserve or increase lean body mass has been reappraised in substitution studies in GH-deficient adults. By comparison, adequately controlled studies of androgen replacement in hypogonadal and/or elderly males are few. In view of the physiological and clinical relevance of obtaining information about the aging process, there is a need for controlled experiments addressing similarities and differences between the action of GH and sex steroids in adults.
Application of design of experiments on the simulation of a process in an automotive industry (2007)

The objective of this article is to apply the Design of experiments technique along with the Discrete Events Simulation technique in an automotive process. The benefits of the design of experiments in simulation include the possibility to improve the performance in the simulation process, avoiding trial and error to seek solutions. The methodology of the conjoint use of Design of Experiments and Computer Simulation is presented to assess the effects of the variables and its interactions involved in the process. In this paper, the efficacy of the use of process mapping and design of experiments on the phases of conception and analysis are confirmed.
Sonoproduction of Liposomes and Protein Particles as Templates for Delivery Purposes (2011)

The development of nano and micro delivery systems (DS), so small in size, is growing in importance, such as in drug targeting. In an era where nano is the new trend, micro and nano materials are in the forefront of progress. These systems can be produced by a diversity of methods. However, the use of high-intensity ultrasound offers an easy and versatile tool for nano- and microstructured materials that are often unavailable by conventional methods. Similarly to the synthesis methods that can be used, several starting materials can be applied to produce particulate systems. In this review, the recent strategic development of DS is discussed with emphasis on liposomes and polymer-based, specially protein-based, nanomedicine platforms for drug delivery. Among the variety of applications that materials in the particulate form can have, the control release of drugs is probably the most prominent one, as these have been in the forefront line of interest for biomedical applications. The basic concepts of sonochemical process pertaining to DS are summarized as well as the role of sonochemical procedure to their preparation. The different applications of these systems wrap up this review.
Iminodiacetic acid‐containing polymer brushes grafted onto silica gel for preconcentration and determination of copper(II) in environmental samples (2012)

Abstract Silica gel has been modified by silylation with 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane followed by graft polymerization of dimethylacrylamide and ( N , N ‐bis‐carboxymethyl)amino‐3‐allylglycerol‐ co ‐dimethylacrylamide, synthesized via the reaction of allyl glycidyl ether with iminodiacetic acid. The sorbent, poly(AGE/IDA‐ co ‐DMAA)‐grafted silica gel, has been characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FT‐Raman, and scanning electron microscopy and studied for the preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of Cu(II) ion in environmental water samples. The optimum pH value for quantitative sorption of Cu(II) in batch mode was 5.5 and desorption was achieved, using 0.5 mol L −1 nitric acid. The sorption capacity of functionalized sorbent is 32.3 mg g −1 . The chelating sorbent was reused for 15 sorption–desorption cycles without any significant change in sorption capacity. The profile of copper uptake by the sorbent reflected good accessibility of the chelating sites in the poly(AGE/IDA‐ co ‐DMAA)‐grafted silica gel. Scatchard analysis demonstrated homogeneous nature of binding sites. The equilibrium adsorption data of Cu(II) on modified sorbent were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Redlich–Peterson models. Based on equilibrium adsorption data, the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin constants were determined as 0.0665, 4.26, and 8.34, respectively, at pH 5.5 and 20°C. Adsorption isotherms were analyzed at different temperatures to obtain free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of adsorption. The method was applied for Cu(II) determination in sea water samples. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012