gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of functionally gradient material. (1990)

This paper discribes the development of Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) which is promoted by Science and Technology Agency with "special coordination funds for promoting science and. technology" from 1987. FGM is an advanced metal/ceramic compositional gradient from a metal side to a ceramic side to obtain the function of the thermal stress reduction In the high temperatur circumstance such as aerodynamic heating or combustion chamber of space plane. The aim of the development Is completion of FGM with the function to withstand 2000 K In the ceramic side and the difference of 1000 K between both sides. which are generated by the high temperature gas and the active cooling system. The small-sized FGM with a diameter of 30 mm and a thickness of 1-10 mm is scheduled to be completed by March, 1990 and the large-sized FGM of 300 mm by 300 mm with 1-10 mm in thickness by March. 1992. The development is shared by three research groups such as material designing, fabrication and evaluation, which consist of 30 research Institutes including national institues, universities and private companies. Material design group developed expert system. Fabrication group produced small FGM test pieces by physical-chemical combination vapor deposition process, thin sheet lamination method, low pressure plasma spray method and self-propagating high temperature synthesis process. Evaluation group developed various techniques for thermal barrier performance, thermal fatigue properties, thermal shock resistance and etc.
Phenobarbital induction of cytochrome <i>P</i>-450 gene expression (1992)

Research Article| February 01 1992 Phenobarbital induction of cytochrome P-450 gene expression D J Waxman; D J Waxman 1Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA., 02115, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar L Azaroff L Azaroff 1Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA., 02115, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1992) 281 (3): 577–592. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2810577 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D J Waxman, L Azaroff; Phenobarbital induction of cytochrome P-450 gene expression. Biochem J 1 February 1992; 281 (3): 577–592. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2810577 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1992 The Biochemical Society, London1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Automated Detection Method for Clustered Microcalcification in Mammogram Image Based on Statistical Textural Features (2012)

Breast cancer is the most frightening cancer for women in the world. The current problem that closely related with this issue is how to deal with small calcification part inside the breast called micro calcification (MC). As a preventive way, a breast screening examination called mammogram is provided. Mammogram image with a considerable amount of MC has been a problem for the doctor and radiologist when they should determine correctly the region of interest, in this study is clustered MC. Therefore, we propose to develop an automated method to detect clustered MC utilizing two main methods, multi-branch standard deviation analysis for clustered MC detection and surrounding region dependence method for individual MC detection. Our proposed method was resulting in 70.8% of classification rate, then for the sensitivity and specificity obtained 79% and 87%, respectively. The gained results are adequately promising to be more developed in some areas.
Dye laser pumped by Nd:YAG laser pulses frequency doubled in a glass optical fiber (1986)

Efficient frequency doubling of a cw Q-switched and mode-locked Nd:YAG laser has been observed in commercial single-mode optical glass fibers. Pulses of duration ~55 psec and intensities as high as ~0.55 kW were produced at 0.53 microm. The maximum peak power-conversion efficiency measured was ~3%. The frequency-doubled light generated in the glass fibers was sufficient to pump a commercial Rh6G dye laser with ~19% efficiency at 570 nm.
A Survey of School Psychology Manpower Characteristics and Needs in Rural and Urban Tennessee. (1983)

School administrators in both rural and urban districts were surveyed to determine their level of psychological services at the time of the study (1977-1978), as well as their immediate additional and future (1982-1983) manpower needs. Information regarding availability of positions and appropriate training was also gathered. Though services were reportedly available to nearly all districts, substantial immediate additional services were reported as needed. Such need, however, was highly discre-pant with reported job availability. Characteristic differences between rural and urban districts are presented along with con-cern for an oversupply of school psychologists in the near future. In recent years several studies have attempted to derive information related to manpower concerns in school psychological services. Three important studies have been those of Farling and Hoedt [5], Kicklighter [8], arid Brown and Lindstrom [I]. These authors contributed in-formation on manpower based on data obtained from school psychologists, state departments of education, and university training programs. The present investigation sought to provide manpower information based on the responses of school administrative personnel in the state of Tennessee. Administrator opinions were considered important since these individuals strongly influence the hiring of school psychologists. While sampling was limited to Tennessee school districts, the data may have relevance to broader manpower considerations, par-ticularly in the southeast. Methodology A fifteen-item survey was mailed to the superintendent of each of the 147 Tennessee school districts. All data were gathered between November, 1977and March, 1978. The data were analyzed according to district size within rural and urban subdivisions as well as for all districts combined. Rural districts were divided into those of less than 1000students, 1000-5000students, and 5000-10,000 students. Urban districts were divided into those of 10,000-15,000, 15,000-20,0000, and more than 20,000 students. Data for certain items not directly related to manpower needs have been omitted from the present discussion.
The Use of In Vivo Fluorescence Image Sequences to Indicate the Occurrence and Propagation of Transient Focal Depolarizations in Cerebral Ischemia (1996)

A method for the detection and tracking of propagated fluorescence transients as indicators of depolarizations in focal cerebral ischemia is described, together with initial results indicating the potential of the method. The cortex of the right cerebral hemisphere was exposed for nonrecovery experiments in five cats anesthetized with chloralose and subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Fluorescence with 370-nm excitation (attributed to the degree of reduction of the NAD/H couple) was imaged with an intensified charge-coupled device camera and digitized. Sequences of images representing changes in gray level from a baseline image were examined, together with the time courses of mean gray levels in specified regions of interest. Spontaneous increases in fluorescence occurred, starting most commonly at the edge of areas of core ischemia; they propagated usually throughout the periinfarct zone and resolved to varying degrees and at varying rates, depending on proximity of the locus to the MCA input. When a fluorescence transient reached the anterior cerebral artery territory, its initial polarity reversed from an increase to a decrease in fluorescence. An initial increase in fluorescence in response to the arrival of a transient may characterize cortex that will become infarcted, if pathophysiological changes in the periinfarct zone are allowed to evolve naturally.
Metabolic Engineering of <i>Escherichia coli</i> for Short Chain Length-Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biosynthesis (2006)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)s are microbially produced polyesters that are biodegradable and have a wide variety of uses. PHAs can be divided into three groups dependent on the size of the monomers incorporated into the polymer. Shortchain-length (SCL) PHAs are composed of C3-C5 monomers and are thermoplastic in nature, while medium-chain-length (MCL) PHAs are composed of C6-C14 monomers and are elastomeric in nature. SCL-MCL PHAs are composed of monomers C3-C14 in length and where the properties of the polymer vary based on the mol% composition of SCL and MCL monomers. This study compares various monomersupplying pathways in recombinant Escherichia coli used for PHA production from non-related carbon sources to supply SCL and MCL PHA monomers. In addition, data describing the composition and thermal properties of polymers produced in recombinant E. coli using engineered PHA synthases and fatty acid biosynthesis enzymes are presented.
Digital compensation of cross-phase modulation distortions using perturbation technique for dispersion-managed fiber-optic systems (2014)

A digital compensation scheme based on a perturbation theory for mitigation of cross-phase modulation (XPM) distortions is developed for dispersion-managed fiber-optic communication systems. It is a receiver-side scheme that uses a hard-decision unit to estimate data for the calculation of XPM fields using the perturbation technique. The intra-channel nonlinear distortions are removed by intra-channel digital backward propagation (DBP) based on split-step Fourier scheme before the hard-decision unit. The perturbation technique is shown to be effective in mitigating XPM distortions. However, wrong estimations in the hard-decision unit result in performance degradation. A hard-decision correction method is proposed to correct the wrong estimations. Numerical simulations show that the hybrid compensation scheme with DBP for dispersion and intra-channel nonlinear impairments compensation and the perturbation technique for XPM compensation brings up to 3.7 dBQ and 1.7 dBQ improvements as compared with the schemes of linear compensation only and intra-channel DBP, respectively. The perturbation technique for XPM compensation requires only one-stage (or two-stage when hard-decision correction is applied) compensation and symbol-rate signal processing.
Separation and characterization of inner and outer envelope membranes of pea chloroplasts (1981)

A procedure for purifying the chloroplast envelope subfractionates it into two membrane fractions of comparable quantities. This procedure differs from previous ones in that the chloroplasts are ruptured by freezing and thawing in hypertonic medium rather than by osmotic shock. The two membrane fractions have qualitatively similar polar lipid compositions but differ in their content of individual lipids, specifically monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The two fractions also differ in their constituent polypeptides and in their appearance when examined by electron microscopy. The light (density = 1.08 g/ml) and heavy (density = 1.13 g/ml) membrane fractions have been tentatively identified as the outer and inner envelope membranes, respectively.
Capsaicin-induced Cough in Humans (1992)

We have evaluated the properties of capsaicin as a selective cough-inducing agent in healthy human subjects. Despite frequent coughing, the subjects could inhale repeated breaths of capsaicin aerosol during 60 s without difficulty. Cough started immediately on inhalation and was most intense during the first 30 s. Cough always disappeared promptly when the capsaicin inhalation was terminated. The cough response was well reproducible and concentration-dependent up to 10 microM; at higher concentrations there was a distinct plateau of the cough response. Specific airway conductance was not changed 3 min after 50 microM capsaicin. Capsaicin (> or = 10 microM) had a burning taste, but there were no visual signs of pharyngitis or laryngitis. Citric acid (nebulized solutions 0.125 to 32%) had a choking effect and could be administered only as single breaths. There was no correlation between the cough response to citric acid and to capsaicin. Inhaled lidocaine (20 and 80 mg from nebulized solutions) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of capsaicin-induced cough. Lidocaine suppressed citric acid-induced cough as effectively as capsaicin-induced cough. In conclusion, we have characterized capsaicin-induced cough and demonstrated that it can be a useful tool in the study of cough reactivity and for evaluation of antitussive agents in humans. Capsaicin may be complementary to citric acid and may offer experimental advantages over this traditional tussive stimulus.
Designing Groundless Body Channel Communication Systems (2018)

Novel interactions that capacitively couple electromagnetic (EM) fields between devices and the human body are gaining more attention in the human-computer interaction community. One class of these techniques is Body Channel Communication (BCC), a method that overlays physical touch with digital information. Despite the number of published capacitive sensing and communication prototypes, there exists no guideline on how to design such hardware or what are the application limitations and possibilities. Specifically, wearable (groundless) BCC has been proven in the past to be extremely challenging to implement. Additionally, the exact behavior of the human body as an EM-field medium is still not fully understood today. Consequently, the application domain of BCC technology could not be fully explored. This paper addresses this problem. Based on a recently published general purpose wearable BCC system, we first present a thorough evaluation of the impact of various technical parameter choices and an exhaustive channel characterization of the human body as a host for BCC. Second, we discuss the implications of these results for the application design space and present guidelines for future wearable BCC systems and their applications. Third, we point out an important observation of the measurements, namely that BCC can employ the whole body as user interface (and not just hands or feet). We sketch several applications with these novel interaction modalities.
Photorefractive phase-conjugate optics for image processing, trapping, and manipulation of microscopic objects (1999)

Optical phase conjugation using photorefractive materials can be readily integrated with laser microscopy and interferometry for image processing, trapping, and manipulation of microscopic objects. This paper briefly reviews the basic principles associated with each individual component and describes some recent developments and potential biological applications of their integration.
OxLDL induces mitogen-activated protein kinase activation mediated via PI3-kinase/Akt in vascular smooth muscle cells (2003)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is a risk factor in atherosclerosis and stimulates multiple signaling pathways, including activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which are involved in mitogenesis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We therefore investigated the relationship between PI3-K/Akt and p42/p44 MAPK activation and cell proliferation induced by OxLDL. OxLDL stimulated Akt phosphorylation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, as determined by Western blot analysis. Phosphorylation of Akt stimulated by OxLDL and epidermal growth factor (EGF) was attenuated by inhibitors of PI3-K (wortmannin and LY294002) and intracellular Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA/AM) plus EDTA. Pretreatment of VSMCs with pertussis toxin, cholera toxin, and forskolin for 24 h also attenuated the OxLDL-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. In addition, pretreatment of VSMCs with wortmannin or LY294002 inhibited OxLDL-stimulated p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation and [3H]thymidine incorporation. Furthermore, treatment with U0126, an inhibitor of MAPK kinase (MEK)1/2, attenuated the p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation, but had no effect on Akt activation in response to OxLDL and EGF. Overexpression of p85-DN or Akt-DN mutants attenuated MEK1/2 and p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation stimulated by OxLDL and EGF. These results suggest that the mitogenic effect of OxLDL is, at least in part, mediated through activation of PI3-K/Akt/MEK/MAPK pathway in VSMCs.
High performance germanium-on-silicon detectors for optical communications (2002)

We demonstrate fast and efficient germanium-on-silicon p-i-n photodetectors for optical communications, with responsivities as high as 0.89 and 0.75 A/W at 1.3 and 1.55 μm, respectively, time response &lt;200 ps and dark currents as low as 1.2 μA. Ge was epitaxially grown on Si by chemical vapor deposition, employing a low temperature buffer and cyclic thermal annealing to reduce the dislocation density. The overall performance is well suited for &gt;2.5 Gb/s integrated receivers for the second and third fiber spectral windows.
Speed control characteristics and digital servosystem of a circular traveling wave motor (1986)

The rotational speed control characteristics of a circular traveling wave motor are investigated. This motor is an ultrasonic motor driven by a specially designed piezoelectric vibrator. There are various parameters for controlling rotational speed due to the influence of friction and resonance between rotor and stator. In this paper the dependence of rotational speed on these parameters is explored by using an experimental instrument. A digital servosystem to control the rotational position of the motor is then assembled, using the experimental results as a guide. The angular resolution of the motor is 5.4′, sufficient as a driver of a standard rotary table.
Functional Heterogeneity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (2016)

Early work stressed the differing involvement of the central amygdala (CeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in the genesis of fear versus anxiety, respectively. In 2009, Walker, Miles, and Davis proposed a model of amygdala-BNST interactions to explain these functional differences. This model became extremely influential and now guides a new wave of studies on the role of BNST in humans. Here, we consider evidence for and against this model, in the process highlighting central principles of BNST organization. This analysis leads us to conclude that BNST's influence is not limited to the generation of anxiety-like responses to diffuse threats, but that it also shapes the impact of discrete threatening stimuli. It is likely that BNST-CeA interactions are involved in modulating responses to such threats. In addition, whereas current views emphasize the contributions of the anterolateral BNST region in anxiety, accumulating data indicate that the anteromedial and anteroventral regions also play a critical role. The presence of multiple functional subregions within the small volume of BNST raises significant technical obstacles for functional imaging studies in humans.
FCC closed-cyclone system (1990)

The most dramatic effect has been to lower dry-gas components, such as methane and ethane, by more than 40%. Gasoline and distillate yields and gasoline octane are increased, while heavy fuel oil yield is decreased. The closed-cyclone system was demonstrated in a large cold-flow model and installed in eight Mobil FCC units. Commercial experience helped fine tune operational guidelines.
Reduction in surface charge density by new GaAs passivation method (1975)

Al203 layers have been grown on GaAs by evaporating Al through 02. The interface state density was found to be lower than for native oxides. Relatively long generation times of inversion-layer charges are found which can alternatively be rapidly generated by optical irradiation.
Role of mga in growth phase regulation of virulence genes of the group A streptococcus (1997)

To determine whether growth phase affects the expression of mga and other virulence-associated genes in the group A streptococcus (GAS), total RNA was isolated from the serotype M6 GAS strain JRS4 at different phases of growth and transcript levels were quantitated by hybridization with radiolabeled DNA probes. Expression of mga (which encodes a multiple gene regulator) and the Mga-regulated genes emm (which encodes M protein) and scpA (which encodes a complement C5a peptidase) was found to be maximal in exponential phase and shut off as the bacteria entered stationary phase, while the housekeeping genes recA and rpsL showed constant transcript levels over the same period of growth. Expression of mga from a foreign phage promoter in a mga-deleted GAS strain (JRS519) altered the wild-type growth phase-dependent transcription profile seen for emm and scpA, as well as for mga. Therefore, the temporal control of mga expression requires its upstream promoter region, and the subsequent growth phase regulation of emm and scpA is Mga dependent. A number of putative virulence genes in JRS4 were shown not to require Mga for their expression, although several exhibited growth phase-dependent regulation that was similar to mga, i.e., slo (which encodes streptolysin O) and plr (encoding the plasmin receptor/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). Still others showed a markedly different pattern of expression (the genes for the superantigen toxins MF and SpeC). These results suggest the existence of complex levels of global regulation sensitive to growth phase that directly control the expression of virulence genes and mga in GAS.
Simultaneous Ionic Current and Potential Detection of Nanoparticles by a Multifunctional Nanopipette (2016)

Nanopore sensing-based technologies have made significant progress for single molecule and single nanoparticle detection and analysis. In recent years, multimode sensing by multifunctional nanopores shows the potential to greatly improve the sensitivity and selectivity of traditional resistive-pulse sensing methods. In this paper, we showed that two label-free electric sensing modes could work cooperatively to detect the motion of 40 nm diameter spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in solution by a multifunctional nanopipette. The multifunctional nanopipettes containing both nanopore and nanoelectrode (pyrolytic carbon) at the tip were fabricated quickly and cheaply. We demonstrated that the ionic current and local electrical potential changes could be detected simultaneously during the translocation of individual GNPs. We also showed that the nanopore/CNE tip geometry enabled the CNE not only to detect the translocation of single GNP but also to collectively detect several GNPs outside the nanopore entrance. The dynamic accumulation of GNPs near the nanopore entrance resulted in no detectable current changes, but was detected by the potential changes at the CNE. We revealed the motions of GNPs both outside and inside the nanopore, individually and collectively, with the combination of ionic current and potential measurements.