gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weight-Based Shortest-Path Aided Map-Matching Algorithm for Low-Frequency Positioning Data (2011)

Existing map-matching algorithms that utilize road segment connectivity along with other data (i.e. position, speed and heading) are primarily suitable for high frequency (1Hz or higher) positioning data. While applying these algorithms to low frequency data such as data from a fleet of buses or light duty vehicles, the performance of these algorithms reduces significantly in terms of correct link identification. Such a performance may not be suitable for some real-time Intelligent Transport System (ITS) applications such as estimating link travel time from low frequency GPS data. Therefore, this paper develops a weight-based shortest path aided map-matching (spMM) algorithm that enhances the map-matching process of low frequency data. The well-known A* search algorithm is employed to derive the shortest path between two consecutive fixes while considering link connectivity and turn restriction at junctions. In the developed spMM algorithm, two additional weights related to the shortest path along with the two weights (i.e. proximity and bearing difference) commonly used in existing map-matching algorithms are employed. One additional weight is related to the distance along the shortest path and the distance along the vehicle trajectory. The other additional weight is associated with the heading information derived from the shortest path and the vehicle trajectory. The developed spMM algorithm has been tested using a series of real-world dataset of varying frequencies (i.e. 1Hz, 0.2Hz, 0.033Hz and 0.0167Hz). A high accuracy integrated navigation system (a high-grade INS and a carrier-phase GPS receiver) has used to measure the performance of the developed algorithm. The results suggest that the spMM algorithm identifies 97.5% of the links correctly for all frequencies. Without the information from the shortest path, the performance of the algorithm reduces to in the region of 70% in terms of correct link identification. The results also suggest that the algorithm is suitable for real-time applications.
Low-power amdahl-balanced blades for data intensive computing (2010)

Enterprise and scientific data sets double every year, forcing similar growths in storage size and power consumption. As a consequence, current system architectures used to build data warehouses are about to hit a power consumption wall. In this paper we propose an alternative architecture comprising large number of so-called Amdahl blades that combine energy-efficient CPUs with solid state disks to increase sequential read I/O throughput by an order of magnitude while keeping power consumption constant. We also show that while keeping the total cost of ownership constant, Amdahl blades offer five times the throughput of a state-of-theart computing cluster for data-intensive applications. Finally, using the scaling laws originally postulated by Amdahl, we show that systems for data-intensive computing must maintain a balance between low power consumption and per-server throughput to optimize performance perWatt.
Chemical transformation of xenobiotics by the human gut microbiota (2017)

The human gut microbiota makes key contributions to the metabolism of ingested compounds (xenobiotics), transforming hundreds of dietary components, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals into metabolites with altered activities, toxicities, and lifetimes within the body. The chemistry of gut microbial xenobiotic metabolism is often distinct from that of host enzymes. Despite their important consequences for human biology, the gut microbes, genes, and enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism are poorly understood. Linking these microbial transformations to enzymes and elucidating their biological effects is undoubtedly challenging. However, recent studies demonstrate that integrating traditional and emerging technologies can enable progress toward this goal. Ultimately, a molecular understanding of gut microbial xenobiotic metabolism will guide personalized medicine and nutrition, inform toxicology risk assessment, and improve drug discovery and development.
Vector Hankel transform analysis of annular-ring microstrip antenna (1982)

A rigorous analysis of the resonant frequency characteristics of an annular-ring conductor printed on a dielectric substrate backed by a ground plane is presented. The problem is cast into a set of vector dual integral equations by using vector Hankel transform (VHT). Galerkin's method is then applied to compute the resonant frequencies of both transverse magnetic modes (TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> and TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> ) of the microstrip antenna. The real part of the resonant frequency shift of the TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> mode increases with increasing dielectric thickness in contrast to the TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> mode. While the TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> mode has a high <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> , it is a poor radiating mode; the TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> mode is more suitable for antenna applications. For a probe excitation the input impedance is obtained using single mode approximation for both the TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> and TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> modes. It is shown that the TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> mode of the annular ring has a greater bandwidth than the TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> mode.
Analysis of the focusing crosstalk effects of broadband all-dielectric planar metasurface microlens arrays for ultra-compact optical device applications (2018)

Microlens arrays have been widely used for different optoelectronic applications. The demand for compact optical devices necessitates the deployment of even smaller microlens arrays; however, as the spacing between individual lenses reduces and the lens diameter approaches the length scale of the incident wavelength of light, diffraction starts playing a critical role and produces a significant impact on the final focusing properties of the optical field. In this paper, we analyze the focusing characteristics of all-dielectric ultra-compact metasurface lens arrays for efficient optical device applications, constructed by kinds of broadband planar lenses composed of subwavelength nano-scatterers. By using the 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, focusing and diffraction-based crosstalk effects caused by the changing physical spacing between adjacent metalenses, the diameter of microlenses, the operating wavelength, and the army size are rigorously investigated. Analysis of the achieved results show that a larger spacing, a larger lens size, and a shorter wavelength can lead to a weaker focusing crosstalk effect. Moreover, the crosstalk effect does not have a significant dependence on the array's overall size. This research study may provide an important technological reference to designing an array of all-dielectric planar metasurface lenses with a well-controlled focusing performance and may pave the way further toward the application of metasurface lens arrays in compact optical sensing, coupling, and detecting system designs. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Monoclonal Antibody Specific to Human CAD Protein (2009)

We have efficiently generated the first monoclonal antibody against the cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase (CAD) protein, which is an enzyme of low stability. Hybridomas were screened by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using either purified 6 x His-CAD fusion protein or purified 6 x His-ZNRD1 fusion protein as a control. One monoclonal antibody (MAb) named Z12 (IgG1), which is effective in detecting the recombinant and the cellular protein, was characterized by ELISA and Western immunoblotting. The CAD protein was also detected in gastric cancer and colon cancer tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. Thus, Z12 binds to native CAD protein and should be useful in studies of CAD protein function and expression.
Quantifying tumour heterogeneity with CT (2013)

Heterogeneity is a key feature of malignancy associated with adverse tumour biology. Quantifying heterogeneity could provide a useful non-invasive imaging biomarker. Heterogeneity on computed tomography (CT) can be quantified using texture analysis which extracts spatial information from CT images (unenhanced, contrast-enhanced and derived images such as CT perfusion) that may not be perceptible to the naked eye. The main components of texture analysis can be categorized into image transformation and quantification. Image transformation filters the conventional image into its basic components (spatial, frequency, etc.) to produce derived subimages. Texture quantification techniques include structural-, model- (fractal dimensions), statistical- and frequency-based methods. The underlying tumour biology that CT texture analysis may reflect includes (but is not limited to) tumour hypoxia and angiogenesis. Emerging studies show that CT texture analysis has the potential to be a useful adjunct in clinical oncologic imaging, providing important information about tumour characterization, prognosis and treatment prediction and response.
Generic learning of TDDB applied to RRAM for improved understanding of conduction and switching mechanism through multiple filaments (2010)

This paper demonstrates the switching of several conductive filaments in RRAM using a small-size FUSI gate NMOS transistor. The theory for predicting the maximum applicable V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">set</sub> is elaborated. Modeling of filament conduction with a quantum mechanical model reveals that the reset operation corresponds to a narrowing of the filament.
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Binds to Platelet Thrombospondin-1 (2000)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor that down-regulates tissue factor-initiated blood coagulation. The most biologically active pool of TFPI is associated with the vascular endothelium, however, the biochemical mechanisms responsible for its cellular binding are not entirely defined. Proposed cellular binding sites for TFPI include nonspecific association with cell surface glycosaminoglycans and binding to glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Here, we report that TFPI binds specifically and saturably to thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) purified from platelet alpha-granules with an apparent K(D) of approximately 7.5 nm. Binding is inhibited by polyclonal antibodies against TFPI and partially inhibited by the B-7 monoclonal anti-TSP-1 antibody. TFPI bound to immobilized TSP-1 remains an active proteinase inhibitor. Additionally, in solution phase assays measuring TFPI inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor catalytic activity, the rate of factor Xa generation was decreased 55% in the presence of TSP-1 compared with TFPI alone. Binding experiments done in the presence of heparin and with altered forms of TFPI suggest that the basic C-terminal region of TFPI is required for TSP-1 binding. The data provide a mechanism for the recruitment and localization of TFPI to extravascular surfaces within a bleeding wound, where it can efficiently down-regulate the procoagulant activity of tissue factor and allow subsequent aspects of platelet-mediated healing to proceed.
The Mitochondrial Amidoxime-reducing Component (mARC1) Is a Novel Signal-anchored Protein of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane (2012)

The mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component (mARC) was recently discovered as the fifth eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor-containing enzyme. The human genome encodes two mARC proteins, mARC1 and mARC2, sharing significant homologies with respect to sequence and function. Whereas mARC2 was identified as a mitochondrial enzyme, the subcellular localization of mARC1 has remained uncharacterized, although the similarity of both proteins suggested identical subcellular localizations. In addition, neither mARC1 nor mARC2 could be attributed unambiguously to one of the four mitochondrial subcompartments. Accordingly, mechanisms triggering the subcellular distribution of both enzymes have been unexplored so far. Here, we shed light on the subcellular localization of mARC1 and demonstrate that it is integrated into the outer mitochondrial membrane. The C-terminal catalytic domain of the protein remains exposed to the cytosol and confers an N((in))-C((out)) membrane orientation of mARC1. This localization is triggered by the N terminus of the enzyme, being composed of a weak N-terminal mitochondrial targeting signal and a downstream transmembrane helix. We demonstrate the transmembrane domain of mARC1 to be sufficient for mitochondrial targeting and the N-terminal targeting signal to function as a supportive receptor for the outer mitochondrial membrane. According to its localization and targeting mechanism, we classify mARC1 as a novel signal-anchored mitochondrial protein. During mitochondrial import, mARC1 is not processed, and membrane integration proceeds membrane potential independently but requires external ATP, which finally results in the assembly of mARC1 into high oligomeric protein complexes.
The Effects of Image Congruence and Self-Monitoring on Product Evaluations: A Comparison Between Genuine and Counterfeit Products (2012)

ABSTRACT The authors examined the effects of image congruence and self-monitoring on product evaluations of counterfeit products. Study results show that image congruence is positively related to both product attitude and purchase intentions. Specifically, they found that ideal self-image congruence is more relevant to genuine products, while actual self-image congruence is more relevant to counterfeit products. The study provides further evidence that high self-monitored consumers would have better product evaluations on a genuine product compared to the low self-monitored consumers. In contrast, low self-monitored consumers would have higher product evaluations on counterfeits compared to high self-monitored consumers. The evaluation of image congruence–product relationship is also found to be positively moderated through self-monitoring in the context of genuine products. The major theoretical contribution of this study is an extension of the image congruence hypothesis to the context of counterfeit products and the acknowledgment of the role of self-monitoring in consumer behavior. The implications of the study for marketing practice suggest grounds for refining understanding of how consumers purchase and use counterfeits.
Multipotential Capacity of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2010)

Adipose tissue is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and can be isolated easily. The purpose of this study was to investigate the multipotent ability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and to investigate the molecular characterization of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Our results showed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cells with adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic medium in vitro. The expression of chondrogenic related molecules were detected by RT-PCR analysis during chondrogenic differentiation. These studies demonstrate that human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have the multipotentiality and adipose tissue may represent a novel approach to form tissue engineering cartilage to heal the damage cartilage.
Perlecan is required to inhibit thrombosis after deep vascular injury and contributes to endothelial cell-mediated inhibition of intimal hyperplasia (2000)

Perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, has been suggested to be critical for regulation of vascular repair. We generated clones of endothelial cells expressing an antisense vector targeting domain III of perlecan. Transfected cells produced significantly less perlecan than parent cells and showed a reduced ability to inhibit the binding and mitogenic activity of fibroblast growth factor-2 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Endothelial cells were seeded onto three-dimensional polymeric matrices and implanted adjacent to porcine carotid arteries subjected to deep injury. Although the parent endothelial cells prevented occlusive thrombosis, perlecan-deficient cells were completely ineffective. The ability of endothelial cells to inhibit intimal hyperplasia, however, was abrogated only in part by perlecan suppression. The differential regulation by perlecan of these different aspects of vascular repair may explain why control of clinical clot formation does not lead to full control of intimal hyperplasia. Thus the use of genetically modified tissue-engineered cells provides a new approach for dissecting the role of specific factors within the complex environment of the blood vessel wall.
Low Amniotic Fluid Volume is Poorly Identified in Singleton and Twin Pregnancies Using the 2 x 2 cm Pocket Technique of the Biophysical Profile (1999)

Judging AF volume on the basis of a 2 x 2 cm pocket misses more than 90% of cases of oligohydramnios in singletons and twins.
Protective Effect of Orally Administering Immune Milk on Endogenous Infection in X-Irradiated Mice. (1991)

The protective effect of orally administering immune milk, which was obtained from cows immunized with a mixture of various bacteria, on radiation-induced lethality was studied in mice exposed to a lethal dose of irradiation. The mice were given immune milk or control milk for 7 days, exposed to X-irradiation, and then given either milk daily to the end of the observation period. The irradiated mice given immune milk showed a higher survival rate than the irradiated mice given control milk. The number of Enterobacteriaceae in the feces was almost the same in both groups of mice, whereas the number of Lactobacilli was higher in the mice given immune milk. The concentration of IgA in the supernatant of a cell culture derived from Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph node and spleen was higher in that prepared from the mice given immune milk than in that prepared from the mice given control milk. The activity of Kupffer cells for bacterial killing in vivo was higher in the mice given immune milk than that in the mice given control milk. Bacteria in the liver after irradiating appeared in a lower number in the mice given immune milk than in the mice given control milk. These results suggest that immune milk prevents mice from endogenous infection by augmenting the defense activity against the invasion of intestinal bacteria.
ID-based Restrictive Partially Blind Signatures and Applications. (2005)

Abstract. Restrictive blind signatures allow a recipient to receive a blind signature on a message not known to the signer but the choice of message is restricted and must conform to certain rules. Partially blind signatures allow a signer to explicitly include necessary information (expiration date, collateral conditions, or whatever) in the resulting signatures under some agreement with receiver. Restrictive partially blind signatures incorporate the advantages of these two blind signatures. The existing restrictive partially blind signature scheme was constructed under certificate-based (CA-based) public key systems. In this paper we follow Brand&apos;s construction to propose the first identity-based (ID-based) restrictive blind signature scheme from bilinear pairings. Furthermore, we first propose an ID-based restrictive partially blind signature scheme, which is provably secure in the random oracle model. As an application, we use the proposed signature scheme to build an untraceable off-line electronic cash system followed Brand&apos;s construction. Key words: ID-based systems, Blind signatures, Bilinear pairings. 1 Introduction Blind signatures, introduced by Chaum [10], allow a recipient to obtain a signature on message mwithout revealing anything about the message to the signer. Blind signatures play an important role in a plenty of applications such as electronic voting, electronic cash schemes where anonymityis of great concern. About the formal definition and security of blind signature schemes, refer to [14, 16-18].Restrictive blind signatures, firstly introduced by Brands [5, 6], which allow a recipient to receive a blind signature on a message not known to the signer but the choice of the messageis restricted and must conform to certain rules. Furthermore, he proposed a highly efficient electronic cash system, where the bank ensures that the user is restricted to embed his identityin the resulting blind signature.
Two classes of bystander B cell response: activation requirements reflect those of B cells in general. (1983)

Bystander anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody responses were induced in cultures containing unprimed B cells, SRBC, particulate or soluble eliciting antigen, and helper T (Th) cells primed to the eliciting antigen. The use of long-term cultured Th cells, depleted of alloreactive cells, allowed direct assessment of the requirements for major histocompatibility complex- (MHC) restricted interactions in the cellular events leading to bystander B cell activation. H-2 restricted Th cell activation limited all bystander B cell responses; however, the requirement for H-2 restricted Th-B cell interactions varied with the state of activation of the responding B cell population before assay. Thus, we defined two classes of bystander B cell response. Activation of small (i.e., resting) SRBC-specific bystander B cells, purified by density gradient centrifugation, was completely restricted by B cell MHC. The requirement for high concentrations of eliciting antigen suggests that nonspecific binding of soluble or particulate antigen to the responding B cell surface plays a mandatory role leading to the activation of resting bystander B cells. The concomitant requirement for a restricted Th-B cell interaction suggests that this role is one of focusing antigen-specific, H-2 restricted T cell help to the resting B cell. In contrast, bystander responses, unrestricted by B cell MHC, were generated exclusively from large (i.e., blasted) B cells limited only by Th cell activation. This class of SRBC-specific bystander response correlated with an SRBC-dependent increase in the number of cells secreting antibodies that recognized degraded mouse RBC. Thus, we propose that the H-2 unrestricted anti-SRBC response is derived from the amplification of B cells activated in vivo to degraded homologous RBC. Both classes of anti-SRBC response were enhanced by the presence of the bystander antigen. This phenomenom is discussed in terms of a mitotic advantage provided by the interaction of antigen with surface immunoglobulin on specific bystander B cells.