gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Framework to Identify Best Practices (2010)

Social media is used in a variety of domains, including emergency management. However, the question of which technologies are most appropriate for a given emergency remains open. We present a framework of dimensions of emergencies that can assist in selecting appropriate social media for an emergency situation. Social media is not a panacea but can be used effectively given the proper functions available from the particular services provided by each of the Web 2.0 technologies available. The main objective of this article is to identify the best practices for social media to leverage its ability given the complexities that coincide with events. This is a conceptual article based on the results of preliminary studies involving group interactions with emergency professionals with various backgrounds. In addition, emergency management students who are professionals in the field followed by another interview soliciting information from information systems scientist were surveyed. We found that each situation called forth various dimensions where only sub phases of the stated dimension may be used given the task type derived from the event characteristics. This lays a foundation upon which a more formal approach can be taken to help tame the social media mania into a manageable set of ‘best practices’ from which emergencies can be managed more effectively given Web 2.0 technologies and social collaborative online tools.
Selective Role of the Catalytic PI3K Subunit p110β in Impaired Higher Order Cognition in Fragile X Syndrome (2015)

Distinct isoforms of the PI3K catalytic subunit have specialized functions in the brain, but their role in cognition is unknown. Here, we show that the catalytic subunit p110β plays an important role in prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent cognitive defects in mouse models of Fragile X syndrome (FXS), an inherited intellectual disability. FXS is caused by loss of function of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which binds and translationally represses mRNAs. PFC-selective knockdown of p110β, an FMRP target that is translationally upregulated in FXS, reverses deficits in higher cognition in Fmr1 knockout mice. Genetic full-body reduction of p110β in Fmr1 knockout mice normalizes excessive PI3K activity, restores stimulus-induced protein synthesis, and corrects increased dendritic spine density and behavior. Notably, adult-onset PFC-selective Fmr1 knockdown mice show impaired cognition, which is rescued by simultaneous p110β knockdown. Our results suggest that FMRP-mediated control of p110β is crucial for neuronal protein synthesis and cognition.
Optimal emitter-collector gap for thermionic energy converters (2012)

In this letter, we calculate numerically the emitter-collector gaps that maximize the power conversion efficiency of vacuum thermionic energy converters (TECs). The optimum arises because efficiency drops both at very large gaps, due to space-charge limitations on the TEC current, and at very small gaps, due to the increased parasitic heat loss via near-field radiative heat transfer. For typical TECs made with cesiated tungsten electrodes, the optimal gaps range from 900 nm to 3 μm and are approximately equal to the characteristic wavelength of the emitter thermal radiation, as given by Wien’s displacement law.
Mid staffs faces long road to recovery (2012)

Three years after the scandal of poor care at Stafford Hospital was revealed, this article considers the progress that has been made. There have been improvements in leadership, skills training and engagement with patients, but the issue is how this can be sustained.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of (1‐Norbornylmethyl)lithium (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A simple procedure for enhancing PCR specificity. (1993)

F Weighardt, G Biamonti, and S Riva Istituto di Genetica Biochimica ed Evoluzionistica del C.N.R., Pavia, Italy.
Synthesis of an Array Comprising 837 Variants of the hYAP WW Protein Domain (2001)

Comprehensive structure-function analyses are possible with an array comprising more than 800 synthetic variants of a protein domain composed of 44 amino acids. This array was produced by SPOT synthesis on a cellulose membrane and successfully employed for a parallel ligand-binding assay.
CrossRef: beyond journal reference linking (2005)

Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community has been digitised and can be accessed in full on this website. All content is freely available on an open-access basis. Serials was published between 1988 and 2011. In 2012, the journal was retitled and is now published as Insights: the UKSG journal.
Hepatitis E virus infection during pregnancy (2020)

This review summarizes the current knowledge about HEV infection during pregnancy and focuses on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, mechanisms underlying severe liver injury, and management and prevention of HEV infection during pregnancy. Considering that HEV infection during pregnancy may result in poor outcomes, screening for and monitoring HEV infection early in pregnancy should be taken into account. In addition, a better understanding of the pathogenesis will help to develop potential treatment strategies targeting HEV infection in pregnancy.
Studies on the Relationship between Physico-chemical Properties and Crystalline Forms of Tulobuterol Hydrochloride. III. Hygroscopic Properties of Polymorphs of Tulobuterol Hydrochloride (1983)

The hygroscopic behavior of five polymorphic forms (forms I, II, III, a monohydrate and an amorphous form) of tulobuterol hydrochloride was compared under various relative humidities (R.H.) at 30°C. Form I uptook moisture above 91% R.H. while forms II and III uptook it above 75% R.H. They immediately transformed into the monohydrates after uptaking moisture. The transformation kinetics was represented by the model of Avrami-Erofeev and it was found that form I was highly dependent on the relative humidity than forms II and III. No difference in the hygroscopic rate constants was found among them. The monohydrate was stable under pretty high humidity, i.e. 75-91% R.H., but was dehydrated under less than 59% R.H. The dehydration kinetics at 0% R.H. was described by the first-order rate process, the activation energy of which was 20.0 kcal/mol. The amorphous form revealed the characteristic behavior of hygroscopicity. This form uptook moisture rapidly above 59% R.H. at the initial stage, then transformed into form II at 59% R.H. Above 75% R.H., the amorphous form transformed into monohydrate via form II. In conclusion, form I was the most stable over the wide range of humidity.
Semantic organization of scenes using discriminant structural templates (1999)

In this paper, we present a procedure for organizing real world scenes along semantic axes. The approach is based on the output energies of linear discriminant filters that take into account, or not, spatial information. We introduce three semantic axes along which pictures are ordered. The main semantic axis computes the degree of naturalness of a scene. Then, urban pictures are evaluated according to their degree of verticalness and natural scenes, according to their degree of openness. We observe the emergence of typical scene categories such as beach, mountain, skyscrapers, city center etc., along the axes.
Adaptive support vector machine for time-varying data streams using martingale (2005)

A martingale framework is proposed to enable support vector machine (SVM) to adapt to timevarying data streams. The adaptive SVM is a onepass incremental algorithm that (i) does not require a sliding window on the data stream, (ii) does not require monitoring the performance of the classifier as data points are streaming, and (iii) works well for high dimensional, multi-class data streams. Our experiments show that the novel adaptive SVM is effective at handling time-varying data streams simulated using both a synthetic dataset and a multiclass real dataset.
Multi-band Harmonic RF Tags for Barcode Applications in a Cluttered Environment (2017)

In this paper, a low cost, simple to design, multi-band passive RFID tags with programmable frequency signature are demonstrated for packaging surveillance applications in a supply chain. The developed tags have good clutter rejection and lower cost per tag. The clutter rejection is achieved by employing harmonic radar concepts with improved interrogation range and efficiency. The developed RFID tags are multi-resonant structures and the harmonic of each resonance peak represents a data bit. The tags are modified such that each product has a unique frequency signature (unique ID) and is represented by presence "1" (reflection) or absence "0" (absorption) of the resonant peak in the frequency spectrum. Three different types of programmable tag designs are presented: i) Tag-1 a bow tie antenna coupled to band stop split ring resonators, ii) Tag-2 cross-coupled dipoles coupled to band pass split ring resonators and, iii) Tag-3 multiple narrowband dipoles antennas coupled together. The tag holds potential applications in product packaging, tracking, tracing, quality management and sensing in the supply chain.
Preparation of phase change materials microcapsules by using PMMA network‐silica hybrid shell via sol‐gel process (2009)

Abstract Encapsulation of phase change materials (PCM) using a poly(methyl methacrylate) network‐silica hybrid as the shell material has been developed. n ‐Octadecane melted at 28°C was used as PCM. Based on the suspension polymerization process, the microcapsules were prepared successfully by mixing and by the reaction of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with precopolymer solution with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), whose resultant microcapsules had higher latent heat (Δ H = 151 J/g) than those without TEOS (Δ H = 88.3 J/g). The average size of the PCM microcapsules was about 10 μm. The silica content, n ‐octadecane content, and latent heat of microcapsules were changed with varying ageing conditions, ageing time, and temperature. The highest amount of latent heat (Δ H = 178.9 J/g) and n ‐octadecane content (73.3%) of the microcapsule were obtained when the inorganic/organic ratio of the microcapsule was 5%. It was difficult to increase n ‐octadecane content (74% to 55.7–67.9%) and latent heat (180.5 J/g to 135.9–165.7 J/g) of the microcapsules by introducing different functional groups of coupling agents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Content layer progressive coding of digital maps (2002)

A new lossless context based method is presented for content progressive coding of limited bits/pixel images, such as maps, company logos, etc., common on the WWW. Progressive encoding is achieved by separating the image into content layers based on other predefined information. Information from already coded layers are used when coding subsequent layers. This approach is combined with efficient template based context bi-level coding, context collapsing methods for multi-level images and arithmetic coding. Relative pixel patterns are used to collapse contexts. The number of contexts are analyzed. The new methods outperform existing coding schemes coding digital maps and in addition provide progressive coding. Compared to the state-of-the-art PWC coder, the compressed size is reduced to 60-70% on our layered test images.
Physical Association of Arabidopsis Hypersensitive Induced Reaction Proteins (HIRs) with the Immune Receptor RPS2 (2011)

Arabidopsis RPS2 is a typical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat resistance protein, which indirectly recognizes the bacterial effector protein AvrRpt2 and thereby activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Previously, we identified two hypersensitive induced reaction (AtHIR) proteins, AtHIR1 (At1g09840) and AtHIR2 (At3g01290), as potential RPS2 complex components. AtHIR proteins contain the stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflK/C domain (also known as the prohibitin domain or band 7 domain). In this study, we confirmed that AtHIR1 and AtHIR2 form complexes with RPS2 in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana using a pulldown assay and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. Arabidopsis has four HIR family genes (AtHIR1-4). All AtHIR proteins could form homo- and hetero-oligomers in vivo and were enriched in membrane microdomains of the plasma membrane. The mRNA levels of all except AtHIR4 were significantly induced by microbe-associated molecular patterns, such as the bacterial flagellin fragment flg22. Athir2-1 and Athir3-1 mutants allowed more growth of Pto DC3000 AvrRpt2, but not Pto DC3000, indicating that these mutations reduce RPS2-mediated ETI but do not affect basal resistance to the virulent strain. Overexpression of AtHIR1 and AtHIR2 reduced growth of Pto DC3000. Taken together, the results show that the AtHIR proteins are physically associated with RPS2, are localized in membrane microdomains, and quantitatively contribute to RPS2-mediated ETI.
Odor memory: Taking stock. (1991)

This review discusses the state of knowledge in odor memory within the framework of mainstream memory research. Experimental findings are structured around prevailing theoretical distinctions in the study of memory proper, including semantic-episodic memory and implicit-explicit memory. Unaided odor-identification performance is found to be approximately 40%-50% of the total stimulus set presented to Ss, although performance approaches the limit of memorial discrimination if Ss are given label training with feedback. Odor identification is conceptualized as a task with 3 major components and where performance falls on a continuum ranging from nonverbal feelings of familiarity to specific object names. Odor recognition is shown to be relatively stable over long retention intervals, and more than 1 explanation can account for this effect. It is also suggested that name recognition may contribute to the results obtained in odor-recognition experiments. Several possible avenues for future research on both explicit and implicit memory for odors are mentioned. It is concluded that although much is known already about memory for odors, many questions still remain unanswered or unasked.
Creativity in the Brain (2015)

In her talk, the approach of study on Gamsung (Kansei in Japanese =Affective Engineering) in design creativity will be introduced related with the history of the first period of Kansei study in Japan 1990’s. She has worked for discovering the structure of Gamsung of Human beings and started to work for how we apply it for design creativity in practice. With her frontier approach in integrated researches with Brain Sciences and Psychology in 2000’s could be a solution for escaping from the rules of methodologies in design for many years in the past. In early 2000’s she had started integrated researches with brain scientists and an enormous function of Hippocampus was found in human creativity. As a result of the integrated researches, her activities in design approach could develop new concepts of human interaction and communication to build mental bondage with collaborative bodily movements between people. The original concept of design based on Gamsung has been continued purely for human beings for both mentally and physically goodness in her works. You will see many practical and ideal works on her presentation and get chances to find new concept of design in the future for Human Beings.
Helper activity for immunoglobulin synthesis of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 human T cell clones: the help of Th1 clones is limited by their cytolytic capacity. (1991)

A large number of CD4+ human T helper type 1 (Th1) clones specific for purified protein derivative and of Th2 clones specific for the excretory/secretory antigen of Toxocara canis, derived from the same individuals, were analyzed for both cytotoxic capacity and helper function for immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis. The great majority of Th1, but only a minority of Th2 clones exhibited cytolytic activity. All Th2 (noncytolytic) clones induced IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE synthesis by autologous B cells in the presence of the specific antigen, and the degree of response was proportional to the number of Th2 cells added to B cells. Under the same experimental conditions, Th1 (cytolytic) clones provided helper function for IgM, IgG, and IgA, but not IgE, synthesis with a peak response at 1:1 T/B cell ratio. At higher T/B cell ratios, a strong decrease of Ig synthesis was observed. All Th1 clones lysed Epstein-Barr virus transformed autologous B cells pulsed with the specific antigen. The decrease of Ig production at high T/B cell ratios correlated with the lytic activity of Th1 clones against autologous antigen-presenting B cell targets. These data suggest that Th1 differ from Th2 human T cell clones not only for their profile of cytokine secretion, but also for cytolytic potential and mode of help for B cell Ig synthesis.
A low-threshold polarization-controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser grown on GaAs (311)B substrate (1998)

We have demonstrated a GaAs (311)B vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a threshold current as low as 250 μA, which is the lowest value ever reported for that on non-(100) oriented substrates. Also, the fabricated VCSEL shows a stable polarization state for wide during current ranges and a large polarization-mode suppression ratio over 30 dB between the [233] and [011] axis modes at 5 mA. The electrical specific resistance of 1.2×10/sup -4/ /spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup -2/ at the threshold was reasonably low due to carbon autodoping to AlAs in a p-type distributed Bragg reflector (DBR).
Combinatorial Dapoxyl Dye Library and its Application to Site Selective Probe for Human Serum Albumin (2007)

The combinatorial fluorescent dapoxyl dye library was prepared by both solution- and solid-phase synthesis, generating 80 unique dapoxyl derivatives. A fluorescence-based screening toward human serum albumin (HSA) found one highly sensitive HSA binder ( A41-S) with over 55-fold intensity change. Displacement assay showed the selective binding of A41-S to the site I of HSA, addressing its potential to be a highly selective and sensitive HSA probe.
General self-imaging properties in N × N multimode interference couplers including phase relations (1994)

Self-imaging properties of generalized N × N multimode interference couplers are derived. Positions, amplitudes, and phases of the self-images are directly related to the lengths and widths of the coupler by solving the eigenmode superposition equation analytically for any arbitrary length. Devices of length (M/N) 3L(c), where M is the multiple occurrence of the N self-images, are analyzed in detail. The general formalism is applied to practical N × N couplers used in integrated optics, and simple phase relations are obtained.
Regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (1983)

Abstract There is a single major alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and a single major aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) in Aspergillus nidulans. Both ADH and AldDH are induced by ethanol and by acetaldehyde and both are subject to carbon catabolite repression. ADH and AldDH are necessary for the utilization of ethanol and of threonine, indicating that both compounds are utilized via acetaldehyde. ADH and AldDH each give a single major activity band on gel electrophoresis. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell extracts shows at least two similar ADH polypeptides of approximate relative molecular mass (r. m. m.) 41000 and two similar AldDH polypeptides of approximate r. m. m. 57000. The in vitro translation of mRNA from induced, carbon derepressed wild-type cells gives up to three ADH polypeptides in the r. m. m. range 39000-43000 and an AldDH polypeptide of approximate r. m. m. 57000. The mRNA from uninduced, carbon repressed wild-type cells does not direct the synthesis of the ADH and AldDH polypeptides. This indicates that the regulation of ADH and AldDH is at the level of transcription and/or post-transcriptional modification. The probable explanation of the multiple ADH polypeptides is post-transcriptional modification of the mRNA. Allyl alcohol mutants were made by using diepoxyoctane and γ-rays as mutagens. There are two classes, alcA and alcR. Neither class can utilize ethanol or threonine as a carbon source. The alcA mutants lack normal ADH and are recessive. Of the 47 alcA mutants examined 39 do not make the ADH polypeptides while eight do so. Therefore alcA is the structural gene for ADH. The two alcA mutants tested do not make functional mRNA for ADH. The alcR mutants lack both ADH and AldDH and are recessive. No alcR mutants make the ADH or the AldDH polypeptides. The three alcR mutants tested do not make functional ADH or AldDH mRNA. The mutant alcR125 is a nonsense mutant, which establishes that alcR codes for a protein. The alcA and alcR genes are adjacent on chromosome VII and a preliminary fine-structure map of the alcA gene has been made. Three mutants that cannot utilize ethanol or threonine and have ADH, but lack AldDH, define a gene AldA on chromosome VIII. The aldA23 mutant makes the AldDH polypeptides, the other two aldA mutants do not. Therefore aldA is probably the structural gene for AldDH. Our current hypothesis is that alcA and aldA are the structural genes for ADH and AldDH respectively and alcR is a transacting regulatory gene coding for a protein whose function is necessary for the expression of the alcA and aldA genes.
Engineering Liver Therapies for the Future (2002)

Treatment of liver disease has been greatly improved by the advent and evolution of liver transplantation. However, as demand for donor organs continues to increase beyond their availability, the need for alternative liver therapies is clear. Several approaches including extracorporeal devices, cell transplantation, and tissue-engineered constructs have been proposed as potential adjuncts or even replacements for transplantation. Simultaneously, experience from the liver biology community have provided valuable insight into tissue morphogenesis and in vitro stabilization of the hepatocyte phenotype. The next generation of cellular therapies must therefore consider incorporating cell sources and cellular microenvironments that provide both a large population of cells and strategies to maintain liver-specific functions over extended time frames. As cell-based therapies evolve, their success will require contribution from many diverse disciplines including regenerative medicine, developmental biology, and transplant medicine.