gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid lung segmentation in chest CT images for computer-aided diagnosis (2005)

We propose an automatic segmentation method for accurately identifying lung surfaces in chest CT images. Our method consists of three steps. First, lungs and airways are extracted by an inverse seeded region growing and connected component labeling. Second, trachea and large airways are delineated from the lungs by three-dimensional region growing. Third, accurate lung region borders are obtained by subtracting the result of the second step from that of the first step. The proposed method has been applied to 10 patient datasets with lung cancer or pulmonary embolism. Experimental results show that our segmentation method extracts lung surfaces automatically and accurately. Averaged over all volumes, the root mean square difference between the computer and manual analysis is 1.2 pixels.
Synthesis and characterization of Poly(vinylphosphonic acid) for proton exchange membranes in fuel cells (2007)

Vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) was polymerized at 80 ºC by free radical polymerization to give polymers (PVPA) of different molecular \nweight depending on the initiator concentration. The highest molecular weight, Mw, achieved was 6.2 x 104 g/mol as determined by static light scattering. High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to gain microstructure information about the polymer chain. Information based on tetrad probabilities was utilized to deduce an almost atactic configuration. In addition, 13C-NMR gave evidence for the presence of head-head and tail-tail links. Refined analysis of the 1H NMR spectra allowed for the quantitative determination of the fraction of these links (23.5 percent of all links). Experimental evidence suggested that the polymerization proceeded via cyclopolymerization of the vinylphosphonic acid anhydride as an intermediate. Titration curves indicated that high molecular weight poly(vinylphosphonic acid) PVPA behaved as a monoprotic acid. \nProton conductors with phosphonic acid moieties as protogenic groups are promising due to their high charge carrier concentration, thermal \nstability, and oxidation resistivity. Blends and copolymers of PVPA have already been reported, but PVPA has not been characterized sufficiently with respect to its polymer properties. Therefore, we also studied the proton conductivity behaviour of a well-characterized PVPA. PVPA is a conductor; however, the conductivity depends strongly on the water content of the material. The phosphonic acid functionality in the resulting polymer, PVPA, undergoes condensation leading to the formation of phosphonic anhydride groups at elevated temperature. Anhydride formation was found to be temperature dependent by solid state NMR. Anhydride formation affects the proton conductivity to a large extent because not only the number of charge carriers but also the mobility of the charge carriers seems to change. \n
Case studies in advanced monitoring with the Chronicle device. (2006)

Three case studies illustrate the utility of advanced implantable hemodynamic monitors (IHMs). The cases include a 70-year-old with ischemic cardiomyopathy, chronic kidney disease, and recurrent volume overload; a 53-year-old with ischemic heart disease, mild effort-related angina, and New York Heart Association class III chronic heart failure; and a 21-year-old with severe dilated cardiomyopathy, all 3 patients having an IHM. The outcomes in these cases illustrate the capability of the IHM system for monitoring and detecting early changes in hemodynamic data and the use of these data to adjust medical therapies and reduce morbidity and risk of hospitalization. When pathologic hemodynamic changes are observed, this alerts the cardiologist to search for underlying causes, even when a patient on initial questioning denies any change in compliance or symptoms.
.alpha.-Tomatine Content in Tomato and Tomato Products Determined by HPLC with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Tomatine Content in Tomato and Tomato Products Determined by HPLC with Pulsed Amperometric DetectionMendel Friedman and Carol E. LevinCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 6, 1507–1511Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00054a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00054a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views912Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Is Associated with HLA-B*13 and Targeting of Multiple Gag-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Epitopes (2007)

To better understand relationships between CD8+ T-cell specificity and the immune control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we analyzed the role of HLA-B*13, an allele associated with low viremia, in a cohort of 578 C clade-infected individuals in Durban, South Africa. Six novel B*13-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes were defined from analyses of 37 B*13-positive subjects, including three Gag epitopes. These B*13-restricted epitopes contribute to a broad Gag-specific CD8+ response that is associated with the control of viremia. These data are consistent with data from studies of other HLA-class I alleles associated with HIV control that have shown that the targeting of multiple Gag epitopes is associated with relative suppression of viremia.
|Iq| added flux weakening strategy for the rotor flux oriented control of a sinusoidal PWM VSI-fed induction motor (2002)

In a conventional field oriented control of an induction motor the rotor flux is assumed to be constant so that the torque is controlled by controlling the q-axis current only. In field-weakening region the rotor flux is decreased to achieve a very high rotor speed, as a consequence the available torque is reduced. On the other hand, to produce a maximum torque the rotor flux should be generated as much as possible. In this paper, a novel, simple field-weakening strategy, which provides a maximum torque capability for a sinusoidal PWM VSI-fed induction motor drive, is presented. The purpose of the proposed strategy is to add the absolute q-axis current to d-axis current reference so that proper flux and torque for any given torque-producing current reference are produced automatically. The maximum torque when it is required can be obtained over the entire field-weakening region without using machine parameters or special control strategy. A saturated sinusoidal PWM is used which limits the amplitude of the inverter voltage references. As an advantage, the effective output voltage as seen by the motor is boosted. Simulation and experimental results verify the performance of the proposed method.
A coding scheme for field-powered RF IC tag systems (2002)

This paper describes a new coding scheme and its CMOS implementation for field powered RF IC tag systems. The main feature of the new scheme is that it does not require a PLL for clock recovery and the decoding process, and the coding signal produced has 50% duty cycle and contains both clock and data. Also the clock signal generated by the decoder adopting the scheme drives the circuit at the proper time to achieve maximal power efficiency. A test chip has been fabricated with a 0.8 /spl mu/m standard CMOS process. The evaluation test board with this chip operates with 1 mW RF signals and no battery.
A Multivariable and Multi-Objective Approach for the Control of Hot-Strip Mills (2006)

The control of a hot strip rolling mill is quite a complex problem due to the presence of many simultaneous control tasks. This is the main motivation that spurred the major steel corporations to adopt more sophisticated control techniques based on multi-variable concepts. The main drawback of most multi-variable approaches is the lack of transparency of the resulting controller that, consequently, can turn out hard to tune on site. In this paper we solve the tuning problem by adopting a multi-objective control approach that allows explicitly taking into account the existence of actuator limitations and nonlinear dynamics. Furthermore, the application of the proposed control technique to a narrow hot strip mill is here described.
When mobile terminals meet the cloud: computation offloading as the bridge (2013)

The emergence of cloud computing has been dramatically changing the landscape of services for modern computer applications. Offloading computation to the cloud effectively expands the usability of mobile terminals beyond their physical limits, and also greatly extends their battery charging intervals through potential energy savings. In this article, we present an overview of computation offloading in mobile cloud computing. We identify the key issues in developing new applications that effectively leverage cloud resources for computation-intensive modules, or migrating such modules in existing applications to the mobile cloud. We then analyze two representative applications in detail from both the macro and micro perspectives, cloud-assisted distributed interactive mobile applications and cloud-assisted motion estimation for mobile video compression, to illustrate the unique challenges, benefit, and implementation of computation offloading in mobile cloud computing. We finally summarize the lessons learned and present potential future avenues.
ATPG for heat dissipation minimization during scan testing (1997)

An ATPG technique is proposed that reduces heat dissipationduring testing of sequential circuits that have full-scan. The objectiveis to permit safe and inexpensive testing of low power circuitsand bare die that would otherwise require expensive heat removalequipment for testing at high speeds. The proposed ATPG exploitsall don't cares that occur during scan shifting, test application, andresponse capture to minimize switching activity in the circuit undertest. Furthermore, an ATPG that maximizes the number of state inputsthat are assigned don't care values, has been developed. Theproposedtechniquehas beenimplemented and usedto generatetestsfor full scan versions of ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits. These testsdecrease the average number of transitions during test by 19% to89%, when comparedwith those generatedby a simple PODEM implementation.
Suction effusion fluid from skin and constituent analysis: new candidate for interstitial fluid (1992)

The authors analyzed the constituents of effuse transcutaneous fluid, labeled suction effusion fluid (SEF), and monitored its glucose concentration during glucose loading in rabbits (Japan White, female) under pentobarbital anesthesia. The SEF was sampled by suctioning corneal layer-stripped skin at 400 mmHg absolute pressure. The SEF proved to have nearly the same concentrations as serum for lower-molecular-weight substances such as glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogens, but not for higher-molecular-weight substances such as serum proteins. The SEF protein concentration was one-fourth that of serum protein. Proteins > 100 kDa molecular mass were barely detectable in the SEF. Monitoring of SEF glucose change every 10 min during intravenous glucose loading was successfully accomplished, and SEF glucose concentration followed blood glucose concentration with a 10-min delay. The SEF was thought to consist of interstitial fluid and/or effuse fluid from small vessels in subcutaneous tissue.
A Positive-Integer Arithmetic for Data Processing (1957)

It is hypothesized that positive numbers suffice for the expression of quantities in accounting. New arithmetic operations are devised that yield non-negative results in computation, and the applicability of these operations to data processing is studied. These operations permit a wide variety of functions to be computed with fewer and less complex steps and imply the feasibility of constructing less complex data-processing machines.
Selective Aryl–Fluoride Reductive Elimination from a Platinum(IV) Complex (2015)

A difluoro(mesityl)platinum(IV) complex underwent highly selective reductive elimination of 2-fluoromesitylene upon heating in toluene. Kinetic analysis and DFT calculations suggest that the CF coupling involves a five-coordinate Pt(IV) transient intermediate resulting from the rate-limiting dissociation of the pyridine ligand.
A Review of the Exponentially Modified Gaussian (EMG) Function: Evaluation and Subsequent Calculation of Universal Data (1984)

The previous uses of the exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) model in chromatography are briefly reviewed. A method for evaluating the EMG function and a set of algorithms for obtaining universal data are presented and are shown to be simpler and easier to use than those previously reported. The corresponding BASIC program, EMG-U, listed in Appendix A is briefly discussed.
A novel bimodal lipidic contrast agent for cellular labelling and tumour MRI (2009)

We have synthesized a bimodal lipidic molecule bearing both fluorophore and contrast agent signatures on the same structure in order to create a robust bimodal liposome for both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence microscopy utility. The dual-modality concept considered in the synthesis of this new paramagnetic and fluorescent lipid is valuable in that anatomical information (MRI) as well as very sensitive localization (ex vivo fluorescence microscopy) of signal, and therefore liposome biodistribution, is obtainable. Bimodal cationic and neutral PEGylated liposomes were formulated using this novel lipid probe and used to label cells in vitro and image human ovarian xenografts in vivo. Tumour signal enhancement was increased by over 6-fold post-administration of the neutral PEGylated liposomes, and was maintained at this level up to the 24 h end-point. Our results showed this lipid to be more effective and sensitive than the single signature paramagnetic lipid Gd.DOTA.DSA at cellular labelling and tumour MRI.
Dynamics of the parachute sling - Testing procedures and evaluations (1991)

Abstract This paper discusses material science aspects of a parachute sling. During the deployment of a parachute, the sling experiences the impact caused by rapid deceleration of the parachute. To survive this operation, the sling must have sufficient impact resistance in addition to the strength to withstand the tension due to the weight of payload. The amount of energy absorbed by the sling due to the impact was estimated from the dynamic analysis of a parachute. From the results of the dynamic analysis, the key properties required for a sling material were determined and testing procedures to evaluate those properties were established. The experimental evaluation results for two candidate materials are presented.
Resolving <i>TYK2</i> locus genotype-to-phenotype differences in autoimmunity (2016)

Thousands of genetic variants have been identified, which contribute to the development of complex diseases, but determining how to elucidate their biological consequences for translation into clinical benefit is challenging. Conflicting evidence regarding the functional impact of genetic variants in the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) gene, which is differentially associated with common autoimmune diseases, currently obscures the potential of TYK2 as a therapeutic target. We aimed to resolve this conflict by performing genetic meta-analysis across disorders; subsequent molecular, cellular, in vivo, and structural functional follow-up; and epidemiological studies. Our data revealed a protective homozygous effect that defined a signaling optimum between autoimmunity and immunodeficiency and identified TYK2 as a potential drug target for certain common autoimmune disorders.
Stress-specific differences in assembly and composition of stress granules and related foci (2017)

Cells have developed different mechanisms to respond to stress, including the formation of cytoplasmic foci known as stress granules (SGs). SGs are dynamic and formed as a result of stress-induced inhibition of translation. Despite enormous interest in SGs due to their contribution to the pathogenesis of several human diseases, many aspects of SG formation are poorly understood. SGs induced by different stresses are generally assumed to be uniform, although some studies suggest that different SG subtypes and SG-like cytoplasmic foci exist. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of SG assembly and characterized their composition when induced by various stresses. Our data revealed stress-specific differences in composition, assembly and dynamics of SGs and SG-like cytoplasmic foci. Using a set of genetically modified haploid human cells, we determined the molecular circuitry of stress-specific translation inhibition upstream of SG formation and its relation to cell survival. Finally, our studies characterize cytoplasmic stress-induced foci related to, but distinct from, canonical SGs, and also introduce haploid cells as a valuable resource to study RNA granules and translation control mechanisms.
Electronic structure of α-SrB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>: experiment and theory (2013)

The investigation of valence band structure and electronic parameters of constituent element core levels of α-SrB(4)O(7) has been carried out with x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Optical-quality crystal α-SrB(4)O(7) has been grown by the Czochralski method. Detailed photoemission spectra of the element core levels have been recorded from the powder sample under excitation by nonmonochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV). The band structure of α-SrB(4)O(7) has been calculated by ab initio methods and compared to XPS measurements. It has been found that the band structure of α-SrB(4)O(7) is weakly dependent on the Sr-related states.
Natalizumab dosage suspension: Are we helping or hurting? (2010)

The risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy increases with the duration of treatment with natalizumab. Planned dosage interruptions have been proposed as a means of decreasing cumulative risk. The clinical consequences of dosage interruption were evaluated in a single center cohort of natalizumab-treated patients. Medical records were reviewed for 84 patients identified with multiple sclerosis who received 12 or more infusions of natalizumab at an academic multiple sclerosis center. Eighty-one percent (68/84) underwent a dosage interruption, and 19% (16/84) had no interruption in natalizumab treatment. Of those with a treatment interruption, 27.9% (19/68) experienced a clinical relapse within 6 months of the suspension, whereas none of the patients with ongoing treatment experienced a flare during months 12 to 18 of treatment (p = 0.017, Fisher exact test). Survival analysis showed that Kaplan-Meier curves comparing dosage interruption to ongoing treatment diverged (p = 0.025). Median time from treatment interruption to relapse onset was 3 months. No clinical predictors associated with an increased risk of developing flares during dosage interruption were identified. Among the 19 patients who had a flare, 7 had severe flares, with a mean number of 16 Gad+ lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (range, 6-40). Their median Expanded Disability Status Scale at natalizumab interruption was 3.0 and increased to 6.0 during the flare (p = 0.0008). Natalizumab dosage interruption is associated with clinical flares and return of radiographic inflammatory disease activity. Some of these flares can be clinically severe, with a high number of contrast-enhanced lesions, suggesting a possible rebound of disease activity.
Principles and procedures of insulation co-ordination (1987)

Certain key principles of insulation coordination quoted from IEC publications are examined and shown to be sufficient to cover all voltage stress situations, only if all factors involved are considered. The complexity of insulation co-ordination is illustrated by examining cases covering different types and configurations of insulators, different load stress amplitudes and shapes, and considering the effects of system layouts.
Amyloid β Oligomers (Aβ<sub>1–42</sub>Globulomer) Suppress Spontaneous Synaptic Activity by Inhibition of P/Q-Type Calcium Currents (2008)

Abnormal accumulation of soluble oligomers of amyloid beta (Abeta) is believed to cause malfunctioning of neurons in Alzheimer's disease. It has been shown that Abeta oligomers impair synaptic plasticity, thereby altering the ability of the neuron to store information. We examined the underlying cellular mechanism of Abeta oligomer-induced synaptic modifications by using a recently described stable oligomeric Abeta preparation called "Abeta(1-42) globulomer." Synthetically prepared Abeta(1-42) globulomer has been shown to localize to neurons and impairs long-term potentiation (Barghorn et al., 2005). Here, we demonstrate that Abeta(1-42) globulomer does not affect intrinsic neuronal properties, as assessed by measuring input resistance and discharge characteristics, excluding an unspecific alteration of membrane properties. We provide evidence that Abeta(1-42) globulomer, at concentrations as low as 8 nM, specifically suppresses spontaneous synaptic activity resulting from a reduction of vesicular release at terminals of both GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. EPSCs and IPSCs were primarily unaffected. A detailed search for the precise molecular target of Abeta(1-42) globulomer revealed a specific inhibition of presynaptic P/Q calcium currents, whereas other voltage-activated calcium currents remained unaltered. Because intact P/Q calcium currents are needed for synaptic plasticity, the disruption of such currents by Abeta(1-42) globulomer may cause deficits in cellular mechanisms of information storage in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. The inhibitory effect of Abeta(1-42) globulomer on synaptic vesicle release could be reversed by roscovitine, a specific enhancer of P/Q currents. Selective enhancement of the P/Q calcium current may provide a promising strategy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
An Efficient Base-Free <i>N-</i>Arylation of Imidazoles and Amines with Arylboronic Acids Using Copper-Exchanged Fluorapatite (2006)

N-Arylation of imidazoles and amines with arylboronic acids was accomplished with copper-exchanged fluorapatite (CuFAP) in methanol at room temperature. The products N-arylimidazoles and N-arylamines were isolated in good to excellent yields. A variety of arylboronic acids were converted to the corresponding N-arylimidazoles and N-arylamines, demonstrating the versatility of the reaction.