gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regularized clustering for documents (2007)

In recent years, document clustering has been receiving more and more attentions as an important and fundamental technique for unsupervised document organization, automatictopic extraction, and fast information retrieval or filtering. In this paper, we propose a novel method for clustering documents using regularization. Unlike traditional globally regularized clustering methods, our method first construct a local regularized linear label predictor for each document vector, and then combine all those local regularizers with a global smoothness regularizer. So we call our algorithm Clustering with Local and Global Regularization (CLGR). We will show that the cluster memberships of the documents can be achieved by eigenvalue decomposition of a sparse symmetric matrix, which can be efficiently solved by iterative methods. Finally our experimental evaluations on several datasets are presented to show the superiorities of CLGR over traditional document clustering methods.
THE USE OF NICKEL AS A CATALYST FOR HYDROGENATION. II (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE USE OF NICKEL AS A CATALYST FOR HYDROGENATION. IILloyd W. Covert, Ralph Connor, and Homer AdkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 4, 1651–1663Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01343a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01343a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views778Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-user downlink beamforming with multiple transmit and receive antennas (2002)

Downlink multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) systems assuming a large number of base station antennas, a small number of mobile station antennas, and rich-scattering, quasi-stationary, and flat-fading channel environments are considered. A MIMO space-division multiple access (SDMA) technique is proposed which enables concurrent transmission of multiple data streams to each multiple mobile station. The proposed method can achieve much higher downlink channel capacity than conventional MIMO techniques.
Detection of Discolored and Decayed Wood in Living Trees Using a Pulsed Electric Current (1972)

The resistance to a pulsed electric current decreased sharply as the tips of stainless steel electrodes entered discolored and decayed tissues in living deciduous trees. The apparatus delivering the pulsed electric current is described.
A 40-Gbit/s optical repeater circuits using InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT digital IC chip set (2002)

This paper describes an InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT digital IC chip set which includes a multiplexer, demultiplexer, decision circuit, and frequency divider. Electrically multiplexed and demultiplexed 40-Gbit/s transmission is successfully performed.
A Hexamethyl Derivative of [9]Mercuracarborand-3:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Host−Guest Chemistry (1996)

Hexamethyl[9]mercuracarborand-3, [(CH3)2C2B10H8Hg]3 (3), was isolated in 60% yield from the reaction of closo-1,2-Li2-9,12-(CH3)2-1,2-C2B10H8 with mercuric acetate. The title compound was characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and its halide ion complexes by negative ion FAB mass spectrometry. Both 3 and its complexes are air-stable and soluble in poorly or noncoordinating solvents such as CH2Cl2 and toluene. Compound 3 crystallized from acetonitrile in the triclinic space group P1̄ with a = 13.362(6) Å, b = 14.071(6) Å, and c = 14.303(6) Å, α = 105.15(1)°, β = 95.77(1)°, and γ = 110.14(1)°, V = 2383 Å3, and Z = 2. The final discrepancy indexes were R = 0.059, Rw = 0.064 for 5987 independent reflections with (I > 3σ(I)). Halide ion complexes of 3 were formed upon treatment of 3 with salts of the corresponding halide ions. The complexation behavior of 3 in acetone was studied by 199Hg NMR spectroscopy, and the guest/host ratio of the resulting complexes has been established to be 1, 2, and 2 for chloride, bromide, and iodide, respectively.
Real-time, online, air quality monitoring sensor network (2010)

Environmental monitoring is an important tool in the overall environmental management strategy. In particular, a planned monitoring strategy can help in quantifying the level of impact that has occurred during country/region development and enables the predictions of potential air pollution changes to be verified. A quantitative assessment of environmental change following industrial activities is important when future environmental liabilities need to be considered. Additionally, environmental monitoring data can enable a better understanding of the processes by which impacts may arise. Traditional environmental monitoring systems are characterized by bulky nodes, expense (in the range of USD 1 million ), and disperse (tens of kilometers) nodal allocation. Traditional systems rely on extrapolating localized measurements to project air quality information over a large geographical area. Therefore, along with the high cost, traditional networks suffer from inaccurate predications/assessment to regional mapping of air quality information, as well as non-flexible gas monitoring and selection. As a result, many research institutes and governmental agencies worldwide are actively involved in research activities for finding more robust and cost-effective alternatives. The underlying technology for those activities is the utilization of wireless sensor networks (WSN). WSN promise to bring low cost, large scale advanced remote monitoring and automated applications to a wide range of technical areas and industries. In addition to lowering capital and operating expenses, WSN provides improved reliability, increased installation flexibility and scalability. The project aims to architect, design, and develop an innovative solution utilizing the WSN. The solution under consideration is ubiquitous and cost effective and provides real-time data transmission and remote/online data processing and accessibility. Innovative, smaller, inexpensive and with different sensing capability, sensor nodes are integral to the solution. Such sensors are emerging, but not yet mature, and therefore substantial effort will be invested in working with sensor vendors to ensure the design and development of the right sensor nodes. The project also includes research activities related to innovative network architecture for robustness and cost effectiveness as well as software development activities for data processing, information presentation and dissemination. This will ensure that localized and personalized information can be delivered to diverse customers.
<title>Adaptive Optics Without Wavefront Sensors</title> (1980)

Two sharpness functions are considered for the problem of dynamic phase estimation and correction of aberrated images. One is based on the integral of the square of the image irradiance distribution. The other uses integration of the irradiance distribution over an area smaller than the diffraction-limited resolution area. Examples of phase retrieval using these sharpness functions are given, and laboratory experiments on their verification are described. Applications of this technique to high-energy laser systems, thermal blooming, imaging through atmospheric turbulence, and large optical systems are discussed.
A parametric study of the destruction efficiency of <i>Bacillus</i> spores in low pressure oxygen‐based plasmas (1998)

The destruction of Bacillus spores in oxygen-based plasmas sustained in the millitorr pressure range has been studied as functions of various biological and plasma parameters, namely Bacillus species, surface concentration of spores, treatment temperature, and gas composition. In an oxygen plasma, Bacillus stearothermophilus appears less plasma-resistant than the other spores tested. Oxygen, H2O2 and chiefly CO2 plasmas are clearly shown to be much more efficient in destroying Bacillus subtilis spores than pure argon plasma. The bacterial surface concentration on the spore carriers and the treatment temperature also lead to significant variations in the destruction efficiency of spores when using CO2 plasma.
Histidinol-mediated improvement in the specificity of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and 5-fluorouracil in L 1210 leukemia-bearing mice. (1984)

We have demonstrated previously that L-histidinol, a structural analogue of the essential amino acid L-histidine, protects a variety of phenotypically normal cell lines from certain proliferation-dependent anticancer drugs without decreasing the toxicity of these agents for corresponding tumorigenic derivatives of the normal cells. Histidinol modulates the toxicity of selected anticancer drugs in tissue culture systems by its ability to arrest, specifically and reversibly, cells of normal phenotype in a G0-like, noncycling state while allowing continued cell cycle transit in most of their tumorigenic counterparts. Thus, in the presence of comparable levels of histidinol, the toxicities of the proliferation-dependent anticancer drugs 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and 5-fluorouracil are eliminated for a variety of normal cell lines but significantly increased for a number of tumorigenic lines. We report here that histidinol confers substantial protection upon the bone marrow cells of DBA/2J mice from the drugs 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and 5-fluorouracil. The protective responses were evaluated by quantitative cell survival assays and by animal survival studies. We report also that the histidinol-mediated protection to bone marrow cells persists in L1210 leukemia-bearing DBA/2J mice treated with combinations of histidinol and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine or 5-fluorouracil without diminishing the toxicities of these agents for in situ leukemia cells.
Implementation and Test of an Online Embedded Grid Impedance Estimation Technique for PV Inverters (2005)

New and stronger power quality requirements are issued due to the increased amount of photovoltaic (PV) installations. In this paper different methods are used for continuous grid monitoring in PV inverters. By injecting a noncharacteristic harmonic current and measuring the grid voltage response it is possible to evaluate the grid impedance directly by the PV inverter, providing a fast and low-cost implementation. This principle theoretically provides an accurate result of the grid impedance but when using it in the context of PV integration, different implementation issues strongly affect the quality of the results. This paper also presents a new impedance estimation method including typical implementation problems encountered, and it also presents adopted solutions for online grid impedance measurement. Practical tests on an existing PV inverter validate the chosen solution.
Hepatic processing of transforming growth factor beta in the rat. Uptake, metabolism, and biliary excretion. (1987)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), a recently discovered polypeptide, modulates growth of normal and neoplastic cells. Since little is known concerning in vivo disposition of TGF beta, we performed studies to examine the hepatic processing of biologically active 125I-TGF beta in the rat. After intravenous injection, 125I-TGF beta disappeared from the plasma with an initial t1/2 of 2.2 min; partial hepatectomy delayed the plasma disappearance of 125I-TGF beta by 80%. 60 min after intrafemoral injection, 63% of the recovered label was present in liver and/or bile; by 90 min, most of the label removed by the liver (83%) had been slowly excreted into bile. Nearly all the label in bile (96%) was soluble in trichloracetic acid and not immunoprecipitable by specific antiserum. Colchicine and vinblastine inhibited cumulative biliary excretion of label by 28 and 37%, respectively; chloroquine and leupeptin each increased the amount of label in bile that was precipitable by trichloracetic acid and that coeluted with authentic 125I-TGF beta on molecular sieve chromatography. There was efficient first-pass hepatic extraction of 125I-TGF beta (36%) in the isolated perfused rat liver, which was inhibited by unlabeled TGF beta (but not by epidermal growth factor, EGF) and by lectins in a dose-dependent manner; prolonged fasting also decreased clearance (26%). After fractionation of liver by differential or isopycnic centrifugation, radiolabel codistributed with marker enzymes for lysosomes. The results indicate rapid, extensive, inhibitable, and organ-selective extraction of TGF beta by the liver. After extraction, TGF beta undergoes efficient transhepatic transport, extensive intracellular metabolism, and slow but complete biliary excretion of its metabolites. Liver fractionation studies and pharmacologic manipulations suggest that these processes are associated with organelles that include microtubules and lysosomes. The data suggest that the liver is a major target tissue or site of metabolism for biologically active TGF beta.
Disordering and Melting of Aluminum Surfaces (1988)

We report on a molecular-dynamics simulation of an Al(110) surface using the effective-medium theory to describe the interatomic interactions. The surface region is found to start melting \ensuremath{\cong}200 K below the bulk melting temperature with a gradual increase in the thickness of the disordered layer as the temperature approaches the bulk melting point. The more close-packed Al(111) surface shows a much weaker disordering below the melting temperature.
<i>In Vivo</i> Targeting of Tumor Endothelial Cells by Systemic Delivery of Lentiviral Vectors (2003)

Tumor angiogenesis is a rate-limiting factor for tumor growth, and the endothelial cells of tumor vessels display specific features that can be exploited for the selective delivery of cancer therapeutics. To specifically target exogenous genes to angiogenic tumor vessels, we generated a panel of vesicular stomatitis virus-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (LVs) engineered for endothelial cell (EC)-specific expression. We cloned a wide repertoire of transcription regulatory sequences from genes preferentially expressed in ECs (Tie1, Tie2, Flk-1, VE-Cad, and ICAM-2) into self-inactivating LVs to drive expression of the marker gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) or of the conditionally toxic gene encoding nitroreductase, and compared them with the ubiquitously expressing phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoters. We evaluated the efficiency and specificity of vector expression in vitro in a panel of human primary cultures, including ECs, fibroblasts, neurons, lymphocytes, and hematopoietic progenitors, and in tumor cell lines. We found that vectors containing promoter and enhancer sequences from the Tie2 gene achieved remarkable specificity of expression in ECs in vitro and in vivo. On intravenous delivery into tumor-bearing mice, the Tie2 vector targeted expression to the ECs of tumor vessels. In contrast, LVs carrying the PGK or CMV promoter gave widespread GFP marking in ECs and non-ECs of tumors and other organs. The previously reported upregulation of the Tie2 gene in ECs activated for angiogenesis may explain the remarkable selectivity of expression of the Tie2 vector in ECs of tumor vessels. The new vector provides the means for selective delivery of gene therapy to tumor sites in vivo.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against von Willebrand factor (vWF). (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies against von Willebrand factor (vWF) were produced by immunization of BALB/C mice with FVIII/vWF fraction and fusion of spleen cells with NS-1 murine myeloma cells. Antibody producing hybridomas were detected by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Five cloned monoclonal antibodies obtained in this method were all belonged to IgG1 class, and inhibited platelet retention by glass beads (Bowie et al.). The inhibitory action was most remarkable in 3B11. The antibody titer against vWF: Ag ranged from 1×105 to 1×107 by an ELISA. 3B11 inhibited ristocetin induced platelet aggregation and ristocetin cofactor up to 1×104. VIII protein and vWF protein were separately eluted from FVIII/vWF fraction by immunoadsorbent chromatography using monoclonal antibody. A new ELISA method was developed using each monoclonal antibody to quantitate vWF: Ag. The lower limit was 0.001u/ml. In order to detect vWF: Ag in tissues immunoperoxidase staining by avidin-biotin system using monoclonal antibody was performed. Positive staining was obtained in the endothelial cells of the neonatal umbilical cord, washed platelets and megakaryocytes.
Response-time analysis of arbitrarily activated tasks in multiprocessor systems with shared resources (2009)

As multiprocessor systems are increasingly used in real-time environments, scheduling and synchronization analysis of these platforms receive growing attention. However, most known schedulability tests lack a general applicability. Common constraints are a periodic or sporadic task activation pattern, with deadlines no larger than the period, or no support for shared resource arbitration, which is frequently required for embedded systems. In this paper, we address these constraints and present a general analysis which allows the calculation of response times for fixed priority task sets with arbitrary activations and deadlines in a partitioned multiprocessor system with shared resources. Furthermore, we derive an improved bound on the blocking time in this setup for the case where the shared resources are protected according to the Multiprocessor Priority Ceiling Protocol (MPCP).
Treatment of Undifferentiated Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia With 5% Imiquimod Cream (2004)

Imiquimod cream could be a therapeutic option for undifferentiated VIN. Although poorly tolerated, this self-applied treatment could spare patients, either totally or partially, the classic painful and sometimes mutilating treatments of VIN. Controlled, randomized studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy and tolerance.
[The transplantation of embryonic nerve tissue in syringomyelia: initial clinical experience]. (1995)

The paper gives clinical findings of 5 cases of syringomyelia surgical treatment using neurotransplantation of embryonal spinal marrow nerve tissue into the intramedullary cavity. It also discusses problems of sampling, culture and transplantation of embryonal spinal marrow nerve tissues, as well as the results and prospects of this method application.
Breath-by-breath VCO2 and VO2 required compensation for transport delay and dynamic response (1982)

Both transport delay (DELAY) and dynamic response (RESPONSE) of a mass spectrometer would theoretically result in considerable errors in the breath-by-breath calculation of VCO2 and VO2. However, curiously, the contribution of RESPONSE has been ignored. The purpose of this study is to quantify the error caused by RESPONSE. We found that RESPONSE of a mass spectrometer was regarded as a first-order response. We determined DELAY and time constant (T) of RESPONSE and compensated the on-line calculation for both DELAY and RESPONSE and for DELAY only. With T of 150 and 100 ms, deviations of VCO2 from the gas-collection method were 8 +/- 6 and 8 +/- 6 ml/min with compensation for both DELAY and RESPONSE, and 69 +/- 10 and 50 +/- 5 ml/min with compensation for DELAY only, respectively (mean +/- SD). Similar results were obtained with VO2. A computer simulation of error caused by RESPONSE disclosed that the error linearly increased with increasing T. We conclude that to be accurate within +/- 5% of the exact value, compensation should be made when T exceeds 25 ms.
Design and characterization of hydrogel-based microfluidic devices with biomimetic solute transport networks (2017)

Hydrogel could serve as a matrix material of new classes of solar cells and photoreactors with embedded microfluidic networks. These devices mimic the structure and function of plant leaves, which are a natural soft matter based microfluidic system. These unusual microfluidic-hydrogel devices with fluid-penetrable medium operate on the basis of convective-diffusive mechanism, where the liquid is transported between the non-connected channels via molecular permeation through the hydrogel. We define three key designs of such hydrogel devices, having linear, T-shaped, and branched channels and report results of numerical simulation of the process of their infusion with solute carried by the incoming fluid. The computational procedure takes into account both pressure-driven convection and concentration gradient-driven diffusion in the permeable gel matrix. We define the criteria for evaluation of the fluid infusion rate, uniformity, solute loss by outflow and overall performance. The T-shaped channel network was identified as the most efficient one and was improved further by investigating the effect of the channel-end secondary branches. Our parallel experimental data on the pattern of solute infusions are in excellent agreement with the simulation. These network designs can be applied to a broad range of novel microfluidic materials and soft matter devices with distributed microchannel networks.
HUMAN-LIKE APPROACH TO FOOTSTEP PLANNING AMONG OBSTACLES FOR HUMANOID ROBOTS (2007)

Unlike wheeled robots, humanoid robots are able to cross obstacles by stepping over or upon them. Conventional 2D methods for robot navigation fail to exploit this unique ability of humanoids and thus design trajectories only by circumventing obstacles. Recently, global algorithms have been presented that take into account this feature of humanoids. However, due to high computational complexity, most of them are very time consuming. In this paper, we present a new approach to footstep planning in obstacle cluttered environments that employs a human-like strategy to terrain traversal. Simulation results of its implementation on a model of the Saika-3 humanoid robot are also presented. The algorithm, being one of reactive nature, refutes previous claims that reactive algorithms fail to find successful paths in complex obstacle cluttered environments.
Nude mice model of human hepatocellular carcinoma via orthotopic implantation of histologically intact tissue (2004)

The model of nude mice with orthotopic implantation of histologically intact HCC tissue is an ideal model to study biologic features of HCC in vivo and to direct clinical treatment.