gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hydroxyphenylmaleimide on the Curing Behaviour and Thermomechanical Properties of Rubber-Modified Polybenzoxazine (2001)

Hydroxyphenylmaleimide (HPMI) and/or amine terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (ATBN)-modified polybenzoxazine were prepared by mixing benzoxazine monomer (Ba), HPMI and ATBN. The onset of the ring opening of the pristine Ba started with differential scanning calorimetry at 223°C with a maximum at 247°C. The incorporation of ATBN lowered the onset and the maximum of the exotherm to 180°C and 216°C respectively. The incorporation of HPMI initiated the ring opening of Ba at a temperature as low as 160°C with a maximum at 200°C. Viscoelastic measurements showed that the incorporation of HPMI increased the T g and the storage modulus compared to that of the unmodified polybenzoxazine and ATBN-modified polybenzoxazine. Tensile property measurements indicated that the tensile modulus was enhanced with the addition of HPMI to ATBN-modified polybenzoxazine accompanied with little decrease in the elongation at break. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of HPMI enhanced the thermal stability of polybenzoxazine.
Terpenoids from the Genus <i>Artemisia</i> as Potential Pesticides (1988)

Members of the higher plant genus Artemisia (Compositae) produce a myriad of terpenoid compounds in their glandular trichomes. Many of these compounds, especially the sesquiterpenoid lactones, are biologically active as fungicides, herbicides, antimicrobials, insecticides, and insect antifeedants. These compounds offer significant potential as sources of new pesticides. Two commercial examples of pesticides derived from or chemically related to these naturally-occuring terpenoids are toxaphene (an insecticide and herbicide) and cinmethylin (a herbicide). An antimalarial sesquiterpenoid from annual wormwood (Artemisia annua), artemisinin, has recently been found to be a potent phytotoxin. This compound and other Artemisia-derived terpenoids are discussed as examples of the considerations in screening natural compounds for use as pesticides.
Active Contours: The Application of Techniques from Graphics, Vision, Control Theory and Statistics to Visual Tracking of Shapes in Motion (2000)

From the Publisher:
Active Contours deals with the analysis of moving images - a topic of growing importance within the computer graphics industry. In particular it is concerned with understanding, specifying and learning prior models of varying strength and applying them to dynamic contours. Its aim is to develop and analyse these modelling tools in depth and within a consistent framework.
The striking influence of SWNT–COOH on self-assembled gelation (2011)

A miniscule amount of f-SWNTs remarkably improved (~17-fold) the gelation efficiency of amphiphilic molecules by triggering the formation of interconnecting self-assembled fibrillar networks (SAFIN) in supramolecular gelation.
A novel high-performance lateral BJT on SOI with metal-backed single-silicon external base for low-power/low-cost RF applications (2003)

A novel device structure to realize high-performance SOI lateral BJTs is presented. A metal-backed single-silicon external base electrode and a simple SOI structure achieve low base resistance and low parasitic capacitances, respectively. Due to the minimal parasitics, the device exhibited an fmax of 62 GHz with a low power dissipation per emitter area of 0.55 mW//spl mu/m/sup 2/.
RadA protein from Archaeoglobus fulgidus forms rings, nucleoprotein filaments and catalyses homologous recombination (2001)

Proteins that catalyse homologous recombination have been identified in all living organisms and are essential for the repair of damaged DNA as well as for the generation of genetic diversity. In bacteria homologous recombination is performed by the RecA protein, whereas in the eukarya a related protein called Rad51 is required to catalyse recombination and repair. More recently, archaeal homologues of RecA/Rad51 (RadA) have been identified and isolated. In this work we have cloned and purified the RadA protein from the hyperthermophilic, sulphate-reducing archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus and characterised its in vitro activities. We show that (i) RadA protein forms ring structures in solution and binds single- but not double-stranded DNA to form nucleoprotein filaments, (ii) RadA is a single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase at elevated temperatures, and (iii) RadA catalyses efficient D-loop formation and strand exchange at temperatures of 60-70 degrees C. Finally, we have used electron microscopy to visualise RadA-mediated joint molecules, the intermediates of homologous recombination. Intriguingly, RadA shares properties of both the bacterial RecA and eukaryotic Rad51 recombinases.
DIWA: device independent wafermap analysis (2004)

An automatic defect classification system for electrical test analysis of semiconductor wafer using a combination of a genetic algorithm as a feature selector and a RBF neural network as a classifier is introduced. An e-bitmap is obtained from the test stage and several features including mass, moments and invariant moments are extracted. These are presented to the feature selection method to generate an optimal set of features thus presented to the classifier. The performance of the reported approach show an 87% correct e-bitmap classification rate. The use of features gives this approach the capability to be device independent (i.e. independent of the format of die layout on a tested wafer).
Notes- The Synthesis of Substituted Indanes by the Cyclialkylation Reaction/ (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- The Synthesis of Substituted Indanes by the Cyclialkylation Reaction/L Ames, E Chaitman, and F GrantCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 4, 1299–1300Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online25 February 2003Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01063a609https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01063a609research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of a Cryogen Free 1.5 T YBCO HTS Magnet for MRI (2012)

A 1.5 T magnet suitable for magnetic resonance imaging has been designed and constructed. The magnet uses 4.8 km of Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) high temperature superconductor conductor sourced from AMSC. The conductor was wound into 16 double pancake coils distributed to achieve a magnetic field, which may be passive shimmed to ±20 ppm over a 120-mm-diameter spherical volume. The magnet has successfully been operated at 20 K and 130 A, achieving the desired 1.5 T field. Initial assessments indicate the realized magnetic field homogeneity is within the limits of the chosen passive shimming method.
Optical absorption in TiN<i>x</i>O<i>y</i>-compounds (1987)

Thin films of Ti, TiNx, and TiNxOy were prepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering. The normal spectral reflectance and transmittance of films were measured in the spectral region of 0.4–25 μm. The free electron contribution to the optical properties has been determined from measurements of the Hall coefficient and the dc resistivity. Optical band-band transitions, that are found in TiNxOy, are compared to the calculated band structure of TiN and TiO.
Differential fiber-specific block of nerve conduction in mammalian peripheral nerves using kilohertz electrical stimulation (2015)

Kilohertz electrical stimulation (KES) has been shown to induce repeatable and reversible nerve conduction block in animal models. In this study, we characterized the ability of KES stimuli to selectively block specific components of stimulated nerve activity using in vivo preparations of the rat sciatic and vagus nerves. KES stimuli in the frequency range of 5-70 kHz and amplitudes of 0.1-3.0 mA were applied. Compound action potentials were evoked using either electrical or sensory stimulation, and block of components was assessed through direct nerve recordings and muscle force measurements. Distinct observable components of the compound action potential had unique conduction block thresholds as a function of frequency of KES. The fast component, which includes motor activity, had a monotonically increasing block threshold as a function of the KES frequency. The slow component, which includes sensory activity, showed a nonmonotonic block threshold relationship with increasing KES frequency. The distinct trends with frequency of the two components enabled selective block of one component with an appropriate choice of frequency and amplitude. These trends in threshold of the two components were similar when studying electrical stimulation and responses of the sciatic nerve, electrical stimulation and responses of the vagus nerve, and sensorimotor stimulation and responses of the sciatic nerve. This differential blocking effect of KES on specific fibers can extend the applications of KES conduction block to selective block and stimulation of neural signals for neuromodulation as well as selective control of neural circuits underlying sensorimotor function.
Evidence for diversity of substrate specificity among members of the chymase family of serine proteases (2002)

The term chymase is used to signify a chymotrypsin-like protease stored within the secretory granules of mast cells. Primarily based on amino acid sequence homology, 18 chymases have been identified among different animals. This study, which compares the structure of the primary specificity pocket (S1 subsite), defines a subgroup of four chymases likely to have a substrate specificity with more elastase- than chymotrypsin-like qualities. This difference is due, primarily, to finding a Val instead of a Gly at residue 199, a position corresponding to Gly216 in bovine chymotrypsin and Val216 in neutrophil and porcine elastases. Chymases with Val at 199 are found only in animals expressing multiple chymases, consistent with the premise that their substrate specificity differs from that of chymases with Gly at 199.
Modification of nerve growth factor receptor properties by wheat germ agglutinin. (1983)

PC12 is a nerve growth factor (NGF) responsive cell line which exhibits two classes of NGF receptors distinguishable by different kinetic rate constants, sensitivity to trypsin and resistance to Triton detergent solubilization. Whereas incubation of PC12 cells with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) prior to addition of 125I-NGF inhibits binding of NGF to both classes of receptors, treatment with WGA subsequent to incubation with NGF does not inhibit NGF binding but causes the class of NGF receptors which exhibit rapid or "Fast" dissociation kinetics prior to lectin treatment to be converted to the form which exhibits "Slow" dissociation kinetics. This WGA-mediated receptor conversion is lectin specific, blocked by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, occurs at similar rates at 4 and 37 degrees C, and is not impaired by a metabolic poison. NGF receptors converted by WGA, like pre-existing Slow receptors, are resistant to trypsinization and remain associated to Triton X-100 extracted "cytoskeletons." Very similar results were obtained for NGF receptors on a human melanoma cell line A875. These results suggest that Fast and Slow receptors are two interconvertible forms of a single protein, rather than distinct proteins. The significance of the generality of these properties for NGF receptors from diverse species and cell types is discussed.
Coarse-to-fine syntactic machine translation using language projections (2008)

The intersection of tree transducer-based translation models with n-gram language models results in huge dynamic programs for machine translation decoding. We propose a multipass, coarse-to-fine approach in which the language model complexity is incrementally introduced. In contrast to previous order-based bigram-to-trigram approaches, we focus on encoding-based methods, which use a clustered encoding of the target language. Across various encoding schemes, and for multiple language pairs, we show speed-ups of up to 50 times over single-pass decoding while improving BLEU score. Moreover, our entire decoding cascade for trigram language models is faster than the corresponding bigram pass alone of a bigram-to-trigram decoder.
Synthesis of Arbutin Derivative with a Kojic Acid Moiety. (2001)

This paper describes synthesis of new hybrid compound 3 consisting of arbutin (1) and kojic acid (2). The compound was synthesized in four step reactions from 1. At first, phenolic hydroxy group of 1 was protected, and then tosyl group was introduced at position 6, giving rise to the electrophile-type arbutin derivative 5. Then, the nucleophilic substitution of 2 with 5 successfully took place in the presence of DBU in DMF solvent to produce the hybrid compound 6. Finally, the deprotection of the benzyl group was carried out by the catalytic hydrogenation to give the desired compound 3. The analytical data of the compound fully supported the structure of 3.
Unsaponifiable Matter in Carnuba (&lt;i&gt;Cera carnuba&lt;/i&gt;) Wax, a Modification of the USP/NF and FCC Methods (2016)

Carnuba wax consists chiefly of myricyl cerotate (MW 817.4) and small quantities of free cerotic acid (C26H52O2, Mw 396.7) and myricyl alcohol (C30H62O, mp 90°C). Of the two common extraction solvents, ethyl ether or petroleum ether, Lewkowitsch prefers the former. Concerning separation of phases, he advocates addition of small amounts of alcohol or caustic, and he also states that formation of a flocculant layer between the aqueous layer and the solvent does not interfere with the correct estimation of the unsaponifiable matter. These statements were not corroborated in the hands of this chemist. The “Unsaponifiable Matter” in oils or and fats, which consist mainly of hydrocarbons, sterols and aliphatic alcohols of high molecular mass that are not saponifiable by alkali hydroxides but are soluble in the ordinary fat solvents, and to products of saponification that are soluble in such solvents. Carnuba wax, a rather expensive wax, may be adulterated with less expensive paraffin by dishonest merchants. ASTM has a method for determining paraffinic material in carnuba wax. It uses heptanes at its boiling point to dissolve the wax, apply it to a silica gel column, and elute only the nonpolar (i.e. alkane) material. The method has the disadvantage of using a large volume of haptane, nor is it called for by either US Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF) or Food Chemicals Codex (FCC). The test for unsaponifiable matter on pure carnuba wax will yield a result of 50.0% - 55.0%, while a higher result will betray the presence of paraffin adulterants.
Wind power collection and transmission with series connected current source converters (2011)

In this paper, series connected DC current source converter based Wind Turbine Generation System (WTGS) is proposed. Not only a multi-phase generator but also a group of wind turbine generator can be linked easily with multiple series connected current source converters. It is expected that the system can have higher availability and lower initial setup cost compared to conventional voltage source converter based WTGS. The modeling and the control strategy for the proposed system is investigated. A 3 MW system with three series connected current source converters has been simulated by the computer program. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by the simulation.
Rethinking Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment (2009)

Human beings have struggled with transboundary environmental harm from the dawn of civilization. This is no hyperbole-the earliest recorded treaty resolved a dispute over diversions from a river that ran between two Mesopotamian city-states. Over five thousand years later, countries are still coping with environmental effects that spill across borders. One recent response to this problem is transboundary environmental impact assessment (EIA).
Cross-Synergistic Interactions between Trichoderma viride and Penicillium funiculosum Cellulase (1993)

Cross-synergistic interactions were evaluated with purified enzymes from Trichoderma viride and Penicillium funiculosum cellulase. Different synergistic patterns between enzyme components were observed. Exo-exo type synergism was found to be the most effective for degrading Avicel in all cases. Exo-endo type synergism was found to be slightly less effective. Extended hydrolysis of Avicel was carried out using mixtures of purified enzyme components with the crude cellulase from a different source. Addition of -glucosidase from P. funiculosum cellulase to T. viride cellulase provided the great enhancement of Avicel hydrolysis. In addition, exoglucanase from T. viride cellulase was found to enhance P. funiculosum cellulase in degradation of Avicel. In conclusion, it was possible to enhance the hydrolysis of Avicel by altering the proportions of enzyme components by supplementing enzyme components from a different source. Different types of synergisms acted together to achieve maximum conversion.
Subcellualr distribution of protein carboxymethylase and its endogenous substrates in the adrenal medulla: possible role in excitation-secretion coupling. (1976)

Protein carboxymethylase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein O-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.24) transfers a methyl group from S-adenoxyl-L-methionine to carboxyl side chains of proteins to form labile protein-methyl esters which, thus, neutralize negative charges. This enzyme was examined for its possible participation in excitation-secretion coupling in the adrenal medulla. Protein carboxymethylase has a specific activity several times higher in the adrenal medulla than in the adrenal cortex; also, the medulla has a higher concentration of methyl-acceptor proteins. In the adrenal medulla, 97% of the enzyme was localized in the cytosol. Of the various subcellular fractions of the medulla, the catecholamine-containing chromaffin vesicles had the highest concentrations of substrat(s) for protein carboxymethylase. Carboxymethylation of proteins in intact chromaffin vesicles results in stripping of methylated protein(s) from the membranes. Thus, protein carboxymethylase appears to be involved in the neutralization of charges on the surface of chromaffin vesicles and in the release of surface proteins; both phenomena are likely to be required for exocytosis.
Routine Intraoperative Angioscopy in Lower Extremity Revascularization (1989)

The inability to see through blood remains the main obstacle to the widespread and routine use of angioscopy. Local irrigation with a balanced salt solution is presently the most widely used method to clear the blood. By applying basic principles of irrigation and using a unique, dedicated, irrigation pump, we found that routine angioscopy during lower extremity revascularization that yields consistent high-quality studies is feasible, clinically useful, and safe. Between May 1, 1987, and July 31, 1988, 136 intraoperative angioscopies were performed during 112 peripheral bypass procedures, 15 thrombectomies, 2 embolectomies, and 7 miscellaneous revascularization procedures. Mean total irrigation fluid used in the peripheral bypasses was 398 mL (range, 0 to 1400 mL). Good visual quality was obtained in more than 80% of angioscopies and the failure rate was only 1.8%. On the basis of the findings in 71 of the 136 angioscopies, 78 clinical or surgical decisions were made. No complications were directly attributable to the insertion of the angioscope or use of the pump.
The MEME Suite (2015)

The MEME Suite is a powerful, integrated set of web-based tools for studying sequence motifs in proteins, DNA and RNA. Such motifs encode many biological functions, and their detection and characterization is important in the study of molecular interactions in the cell, including the regulation of gene expression. Since the previous description of the MEME Suite in the 2009 Nucleic Acids Research Web Server Issue, we have added six new tools. Here we describe the capabilities of all the tools within the suite, give advice on their best use and provide several case studies to illustrate how to combine the results of various MEME Suite tools for successful motif-based analyses. The MEME Suite is freely available for academic use at http://meme-suite.org, and source code is also available for download and local installation.
Twenty-Five Years After the Bem Sex-Role Inventory: A Reassessment and New Issues Regarding Classification Variability (2001)

Respondents' Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI; S. L. Bern, 1974) classifications may differ considerably on the basis of the form and scoring method used. The BSRI was reexamined with respect to past and present relevance.
Specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize the immediate-early transactivator Zta of Epstein-Barr virus (1995)

We identified the immediate-early transactivator Zta of Epstein-Barr virus as a target for specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Cells pulsed with overlapping synthetic peptides representing the entire amino acid sequence of Zta proved to be efficient for the in vitro stimulation of Zta-specific CTL in several donors. With peptide-pulsed target cells, we found that CTL from several donors recognize a peptide comprising 15 amino acids. The immune response against this peptide exerted by CTL lines from different donors was found to be restricted by two different molecules of the major histocompatibility complex: HLA-B8 and HLA-Cw6. The latter molecule could for the first time be identified as a restricting element for a CTL response. The epitope of the HLA-B8-restricted CTL could be mapped to an octameric sequence between amino acid positions 190 and 197 of the Zta protein, whereas the minimal epitope of HLA-Cw6-restricted CTL consists of 11 to 15 residues between positions 187 and 201. Thus, the HLA-B8 and HLA-Cw6 epitopes widely overlap but are not completely identical. In vitro stimulation of blood lymphocytes from a panel of HLA-B8-positive or HLA-Cw6-positive virus carriers, using autologous cells pulsed with the Zta peptides comprising the HLA-B8 or HLA-Cw6 epitope, respectively, revealed in both cases that most of these donors developed a Zta-specific cytotoxic activity. These data, as well as the high spread of the major histocompatibility complex molecules HLA-B8 and HLA-Cw6 in most populations, suggest that an efficient CTL response directed against gene products of the immediate-early group of the lytic cycle exists in vivo in a considerable portion of virus carriers. A CTL response against proteins expressed immediately after the switch into the lytic cycle could eliminate lytically activated cells at an early stage and would thus efficiently prevent the production and release of progeny virions.