gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Rock Strength Using Advanced Sonic Log Interpretation Techniques (2009)

Abstract Analysis and prediction of geomechanical problems is important for the success of drilling, completion, and production operations, and requires knowledge of rock strength, pore pressure and in-situ stress. Geomechanical problems encountered while drilling include wellbore stability and fracturing of the formation, and may lead to financial loss due to loss of drilling fluid, well control events (kicks), stuck pipe, extra casing strings and sidetracks. Examples of geomechanical problems due to reservoir stress changes occurring during production include reservoir compaction, surface subsidence, casing deformation and failure, sanding, etc. The information needed to assess the impact of geomechanical problems on field development can be captured by building a Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) that includes details of the in-situ stresses, rock failure mechanisms, rock mechanical parameters, geologic structure, stratigraphy and well geometry. The workflow for building a Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) along a well trajectory based on logs and drilling data is illustrated for the case of a deviated well drilled through deepwater Gulf of Mexico channel sands. Once constructed, a MEM can be used to identify geomechanical problems and formulate contingency plans for mitigation before future wells are drilled. The stress field in the vicinity of a well is perturbed by the physical operation of drilling the well. This process may result in formation damage or alteration of the rock properties resulting in changes in acoustic velocity in the vicinity of the well. The constructed MEM uses the variation in the fast and slow shear wave velocities as functions of the distance from the borehole to determine the variation in rock strength along the well. The results of mechanical rock properties measured from cores in an independent study are found to be in good agreement with the rock strength determined from the sonic log measurements.
Phase-shift mask for EUV lithography (2006)

EUV lithography is expected to be inserted for the 32 nm node and extended for the 22 nm and below. Phase shift masks (PSM) are evaluated as a possible option to push the resolution limit of the Extreme Ultra violet lithography. This paper will focus on designs and measurements of PSM implemented by etching into the Mo/Si multilayer (ML). The design and the technological developments to elaborate PSM by etching is described. Phase shift Sample (PSS) have been carried out to calibrate in "true operating conditions", i.e. through the measurement of the phase shift they produce on a reflected wavefront, at the wavelength (λ=13.5nm). The method of calibration have been investigated with a Fresnel bimirror interferometer installed on the PSI Swiss Light Source Synchrotron to measure directly the value of interest, i.e the optical phase.
Folk-lore: Fear of Bells (1942)

Journal Article Folk-lore: Fear of Bells Get access John Smith John Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 182, Issue 1, 3 January 1942, Page 8, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/182.1.8f Published: 03 January 1942
Linear spatial filtering with crossed ultrasonic light modulators (1969)

A new technique is described for realizing the optimum filter for spatial filtering in coherent optical systems. By employing two crossed ultrasonic modulators, this technique overcomes the inherent lack of adaptability of filters realized with photographic transparencies.
Open fault detection method for CMOS-LSI by supplying pulsed voltage signal to VDD and GND lines (2002)

An easy and rapid failure analysis method to detect CMOS-LSI open faults has been developed. This method exploits both the properties of CMOS structure and the voltage contrast image. By supplying pulsed signal to VDD and GND, and observing the voltage contrast image, open faults appear different from the rest of the LSI. An image processing system is proposed which improves image observability and thereby decreases inspection time.
Optical microcirculatory skin model: assessed by Monte Carlo simulations paired with in vivo laser Doppler flowmetry (2008)

An optical microvascular skin model, valid at 780 nm, was developed. The model consisted of six layers with individual optical properties and variable thicknesses and blood concentrations at three different blood flow velocities. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the impact of various model parameters on the traditional laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) measures. A set of reference Doppler power spectra was generated by simulating 7000 configurations, varying the thickness and blood concentrations. Simulated spectra, at two different source detector separations, were compared with in vivo recorded spectra, using a nonlinear search algorithm for minimizing the deviation between simulated and measured spectra. The model was validated by inspecting the thickness and blood concentrations that generated the best fit. These four parameters followed a priori expectations for the measurement situations, and the simulated spectra agreed well with the measured spectra for both detector separations. Average estimated dermal blood concentration was 0.08% at rest and 0.63% during heat provocation (44 degrees C) on the volar side of the forearm and 1.2% at rest on the finger pulp. The model is crucial for developing a technique for velocity-resolved absolute LDF measurements with known sampling volume and can also be useful for other bio-optical modalities.
Identification of a major encephalitogenic epitope of proteolipid protein (residues 56-70) for the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Biozzi AB/H and nonobese diabetic mice (1993)

Native proteolipid (PLP) and synthetic 15- or 16-mer peptides of the whole PLP molecule, with eight amino acid overlaps, were screened for their ability to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Biozzi AB/H (H-2dq1) mice. Clinical and histological evidence of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis developed after sensitization with native PLP and with the PLP sequence 56-70 (DYEYLINVIHAFQYV) but not with the other synthetic PLP peptides used. Nonobese diabetic mice that share similar MHC determinants (H-2Anod) with Biozzi AB/H mice, could be induced to develop experimental allergic encephalomyelitis after sensitization with either mouse spinal cord homogenate or the PLP 56-70 peptide. Although the PLP 56-70 overlaps with the encephalitogenic epitope of PLP (residues 43-64) in PL/J (H-2u) mice the Biozzi AB/H mice did not exhibit disease with either PLP 43-64 peptide or the nonapeptide PLP 56-64 that overlaps both the Biozzi AB/H and PL/J encephalitogenic peptides. The identification of a novel major encephalitogenic epitope of PLP for Biozzi AB/H mice, increases the repertoire of encephalitogenic epitopes of PLP and supports a role for PLP as a target Ag in autoimmune demyelinating diseases.
Alternative Encoding Techniques for Digital Loudspeaker Arrays (2007)

Recent developments in Digital Loudspeakers have resulted in the introduction of Digital Transducer Arrays (DTA). In most implementations, DTA loudspeakers are driven by PCM encoded audio signals, usually resampled and requantised to an appropriate number of bits, in accordance to the number of the transducers constituting the DTA topology. However, given that DTAs generally increase harmonic distortion, especially for off-axis listening positions, optimization in signal encoding and bit-to-transducer assignment, is necessary. Here, a number of novel, alternative strategies are examined, concerning the input signal encoding via PCM-to-PWM conversion, as well as techniques for bit-assignment on the transducers of a DTA. These tests are supported by simulation results and comparisons between these alternative methods, for different operating parameters. 1.
Selective Multimedia Multicast Protocol in Wireless Personal Area Networks (2007)

A new generation of wireless personal area networks (WPANs) is intended for high data rate and multimedia applications. The multiband OFDM alliance (MBOA) is currently developing a new PHY and MAC protocol in WPANs, which fit the needs of this mass market. The purpose of this paper is the power efficient multimedia multicast protocol to apply MBOA specification. In general, multicast traffic is transmitted at lowest data rate without retransmission. If the receivers are in near position from sender, transmission delay is increased and it leads to transmission/receiving power wastage. In this paper, we propose the selective multimedia multicast protocol (SMMP) that tries to reduce the power by separation scheme using punctured convolutional code and concatenation scheme. In addition, this protocol provides reliability through several feedback information of receivers. From our simulation study, we show that the proposed mechanism reduces the power consumption and achieves improved performance.
Extreme Ultraviolet Astronomy (2000)

▪ Abstract Astronomical studies in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) band of the spectrum were dismissed during the early years of space astronomy as impossible, primarily because of the mistaken view that radiation in this band would be absorbed by the interstellar medium. Observations in the 1980s from sounding rockets and limited duration orbital spacecraft began to show the potential of this field and led to the deployment of two spacecraft devoted to EUV astronomy: the UK Wide Field Camera and the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer. The instrumentation in these missions, although quite limited in comparison with instrumentation in other fields of space astronomy, provided unique and far-reaching results. These included new information on solar system topics, stellar chromospheres and corona, white dwarf astrophysics, cataclysmic variables, the interstellar medium, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies. We summarize these findings herein.
Theoretical and experimental characterization of a double coupler fiber-optic delay line filter employing an optical amplifier (2002)

A novel class of fiber-optic all-optical filters which employ optical amplifiers is attracting considerable attention due to the possibility of obtaining reconfigurable structures with unique spectral characteristics not attainable with passive configurations. We present what to the best of our knowledge is the first complete theoretical and experimental characterization (modulus, phase and group delay) of a delay line fibre-optic active filter. The experimental results are in good agreement with those of the theory.
Glutathione in the Brain (2021)

Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol, and plays crucial roles in the antioxidant defense system and the maintenance of redox homeostasis in neurons. GSH depletion in the brain is a common finding in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and can cause neurodegeneration prior to disease onset. Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), a sodium-dependent glutamate/cysteine transporter that is selectively present in neurons, plays a central role in the regulation of neuronal GSH production. The expression of EAAC1 is posttranslationally controlled by the glutamate transporter-associated protein 3-18 (GTRAP3-18) or miR-96-5p in neurons. The regulatory mechanism of neuronal GSH production mediated by EAAC1 may be a new target in therapeutic strategies for these neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the regulatory mechanism of neuronal GSH production and its potential therapeutic application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 chemical shift tensors of para-substituted benzonitriles (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 and nitrogen-15 chemical shift tensors of para-substituted benzonitrilesMaziar Sardashti and Gary E. MacielCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 16, 4620–4632Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100327a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100327a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Privacy-preserving deep packet inspection in outsourced middleboxes (2016)

Middleboxes are essential for a wide range of advanced traffic processing in modern enterprise networks. Recent trend of deploying middleboxes in cloud as virtualized services further expands potential benefits of middleboxes while avoiding local maintenance burdens. Despite promising, designing outsourced middleboxes still faces several security challenges. First, many middlebox processing services, like intrusion detection, require packet payload inspection, while the ever-increasing adoption of HTTPS limits the function due to the end-to-end encryption. Second, many packet inspection rules used by middleboxes can be proprietary in nature. They may contain sensitive information of enterprises, and thus need strong protection when configuring middleboxes in untrusted outsourced environments. In this paper, we propose a practical system architecture for outsourced middleboxes to perform deep packet inspection over encrypted traffic, without revealing either packet payloads or inspection rules. Our first design is an encrypted high-performance rule filter that takes randomized tokens from packet payloads for encrypted inspection. We then elaborate through carefully tailored techniques how to comprehensively support open-source real rulesets. We formally analyze the security strength. Implementations at Amazon Cloud show that our system introduces roughly 100 millisecond latency in each connection initialization, with individual processing throughput over 3500 packets/second for 500 concurrent connections.
Microglia and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis (2004)

The most visible and, until very recently, the only hypothesis regarding the involvement of microglial cells in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is centered around the notion that activated microglia are neurotoxin-producing immune effector cells actively involved in causing the neurodegeneration that is the cause for AD dementia. The concept of detrimental neuroinflammation has gained a strong foothold in the AD arena and is being expanded to other neurodegenerative diseases. This review takes a comprehensive and critical look at the overall evidence supporting the neuroinflammation hypothesis and points out some weaknesses. The current work also reviews evidence for an alternative theory, the microglial dysfunction hypothesis, which, although eliminating some of the shortcomings, does not necessarily negate the amyloid/neuroinflammation theory. The microglial dysfunction theory offers a different perspective on the identity of activated microglia and their role in AD pathogenesis taking into account the most recent insights gained from studying basic microglial biology.
Hydrolysis of Morphine Glucuronide (1974)

Abstract In procedures requiring the quantitative analysis for total morphine in body fluids there is a need to liberate the bound drug, and for the hydrolysis of conjugates in urine there are alternative methods of acid or enzyme hydrolysis. However, with the former method questions are raised as to optimum acid concentration and time of hydrolysis, as well as to the relative efficiencies of autoclaving and refluxing; with the latter there are questions of preferred source of enzyme, pH value of the reaction mixture, and incubation temperature. Before the advent of automated analysis for the rapid determination of morphine, a considerable number of tedious and repetitive analyses would have been required to produce acceptable answers, but the use of an AutoAnalyser® manifold has made it a relatively simple matter.
Scale-up of a Chemo-Epitaxy Flow for Feature Multiplication Using Directed Self- Assembly of Block-Copolymers (2013)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers is an effective method to pattern dense arrays of features with dimensions in the nanoscale. The implementation of a chemo-epitaxy flow on 300 mm wafers has allowed the investigation of multiple materials and processing conditions that define a large parameter space in which to optimize DSA for commercially relevant process windows and levels of defectivity. The fabrication of chemically nanopatterned substrates in an all-track process using 193 nm immersion tools provided 14 nm half-pitch line-and-space patterns with an exposure latitude of 35% and depth of focus > 200 nm. Key parameters such as the width of the preferential-wetting guiding stripes and background chemistry of the lithographically-defined chemical patterns govern the process latitude and pattern perfection. Advances in full-wafer metrology and identification of sources of defects resulted in a better understanding of the quality of the chemical patterns and therefore the quality of the structure of the assembled block copolymer. This work provides guidelines for the most impactful pathways to follow in the development of materials and processes to minimize the number of defects using DSA of BCP for high volume manufacturing.
<i>In vivo</i> antibacterial and silver‐releasing properties of novel thermal sprayed silver‐containing hydroxyapatite coating (2009)

One of the serious postoperative complications associated with joint replacement is bacterial infection. In addressing this problem, we have previously described the development of a novel thermal spraying technology combining silver (Ag) showing antibacterial activity with hydroxyapatite (HA) displaying good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, and reported the in vitro properties. This study evaluated serum Ag ion concentrations and antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using a subcutaneous rat model. HA loaded with 3 wt % of silver oxide (Ag-HA) and plain HA were sprayed on the surface of titanium disks. Ag-HA- or HA-coated samples were implanted into the back subcutaneous pockets of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Mean serum Ag ion concentration in the Ag-HA group increased to more than 50 ppb by 48 h after implantation, then decreased gradually to baseline levels. Mean (+/- standard error of the mean) number of viable MRSA on HA coating was (1.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(5), which is significantly more than the (1.1 +/- 0.4) x 10(4) on Ag-HA coating (p < 0.001). Ag-HA coating offers good abilities to release Ag ions and kill MRSA in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical (2 + 2) Cycloaddition of N,N‐Diethylpropynylamine to C60. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Certification and Revocation Schemes in Ad Hoc Networks Survey and Challenges (2007)

Ad hoc networks have many features that make them attractive for the use in many applications. However, there are many unsolved problems in ad hoc networks; securing the network being one of the major concerns. The dynamic and cooperative nature of ad hoc networks present substantial challenges in securing these networks. In this paper, we focus on the role of Certification Authorities (CAs) in securing ad hoc networks communication. We introduce the concept of certification authorities and their selection, we survey and classify the certification schemes and give a brief overview on the revocation schemes. We conclude and end this paper by discussing some challenges and research issues in the certification and revocation in ad hoc networks.
Circulating prediagnostic interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein and prostate cancer incidence and mortality (2008)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are elevated in prostate cancer patients, but the role of prediagnostic levels of these inflammatory mediators on prostate cancer outcomes is unclear. We undertook a large, prospective case-control study to evaluate the relation between prediagnostic levels of IL-6 and CRP and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. We also investigated the role of the IL-6 (-174 G/C) polymorphism in relation to circulating levels of IL-6 and CRP, as well as cancer risk and mortality. We used unconditional logistic regression that adjusted for matching factors to analyze prostate cancer risk. For analyses of prostate cancer mortality, we conducted survival analyses in cases. Because of the strong link between inflammatory markers and body mass index (BMI), we assessed interactions between BMI and plasma levels on prostate cancer outcomes. Neither IL-6 nor CRP plasma levels varied significantly by IL-6 genotype. Genotype was not associated with prostate cancer risk or survival. Though neither IL-6 nor CRP was associated with prostate cancer incidence overall, we observed a statistically significant interaction between IL-6 and BMI on prostate cancer incidence (p(interaction) < 0.01). Increasing IL-6 levels were positively associated with risk in healthy weight men, but inversely associated with risk in overweight men. Further, prediagnostic IL-6 was associated with time to prostate cancer progression/death among healthy weight prostate cancer cases (p(trend) = 0.02). Adjusted hazard ratios were 1.73 (95% CI: 0.86, 3.51) comparing the highest to lowest IL-6 level. Our study suggests that IL-6 may potentially be involved in the development or progression of prostate cancer.
Synthesis of Ultrafine Grain Ferrites (1989)

Methoxides of nickel(II) and iron(III) were synthesized, mixed in the ratio to form NiFe 2 O 4 , aerosolized, hydrated, and then fired in a streamline tubular reactor. Submicrometersized spherical particles were obtained from pyrolysis at temperatures up to 570°. At 425°, the sudden loss of volatiles shattered the particles to much smaller spheres (with 30% less than 0.1 μm) giving a remarkable increase in surface area. Pyrolysis up to 570° caused a gradual increase in the powder density toward that of NiFe 2 O 4 . Heating the aerosol product up to just 600° with a heating rate of 5°/min yielded pure crystalline nickel ferrite.
Assembly and Tests of Mechanical Models of the 15-T Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn Dipole Demonstrator (2019)

Within the U.S. magnet development program, Fermilab is developing a 15-T Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn dipole demonstrator. Prior to the construction of the real magnet model, short sections and the whole structure were instrumented with strain gauges and assembled to validate the results of structural analysis, check tooling, and to gain experience with the assembly of the real magnet components. This paper summarizes the lessons learned from these mechanical models and compares the measured data with the finite-element analysis.