gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Empirical electro‐optical and x‐ray performance evaluation of CMOS active pixels sensor for low dose, high resolution x‐ray medical imaging (2007)

Monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensors with high performance have gained attention in the last few years in many scientific and space applications. In order to evaluate the increasing capabilities of this technology, in particular where low dose high resolution x-ray medical imaging is required, critical electro-optical and physical x-ray performance evaluation was determined. The electro-optical performance includes read noise, full well capacity, interacting quantum efficiency, and pixels cross talk. The x-ray performance, including x-ray sensitivity, modulation transfer function, noise power spectrum, and detection quantum efficiency, has been evaluated in the mammographic energy range. The sensor is a 525 x 525 standard three transistor CMOS active pixel sensor array with more than 75% fill factor and 25 x 25 microm pixel pitch. Reading at 10 f/s, it is found that the sensor has 114 electrons total additive noise, 10(5) electrons full well capacity with shot noise limited operation, and 34% interacting quantum efficiency at 530 nm. Two different structured CsI:Tl phosphors with thickness 95 and 115 microm, respectively, have been optically coupled via a fiber optic plate to the array resulting in two different system configurations. The sensitivity of the two different system configurations was 43 and 47 electrons per x-ray incident on the sensor. The MTF at 10% of the two different system configurations was 9.5 and 9 cycles/mm with detective quantum efficiency of 0.45 and 0.48, respectively, close to zero frequency at approximately 0.44 microC/kg (1.72 mR) detector entrance exposure. The detector was quantum limited at low spatial frequencies and its performance was comparable with high resolution a: Si and charge coupled device based x-ray imagers. The detector also demonstrates almost an order of magnitude lower noise than active matrix flat panel imagers. The results suggest that CMOS active pixel sensors when coupled to structured CsI:Tl can be used for conventional and advanced digital mammography due to their low noise, high resolution performance.
Expression of p21 (waf1/cip1/sdi1), but not p53 protein, is a factor in the survival of patients with advanced gastric carcinoma (1997)

Expression of p21 protein may be a better prognostic factor than p53 protein expression in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma.
Neonatal Immune Adaptation of the Gut and Its Role during Infections (2013)

The intestinal tract is engaged in a relationship with a dense and complex microbial ecosystem, the microbiota. The establishment of this symbiosis is essential for host physiology, metabolism, and immune homeostasis. Because newborns are essentially sterile, the first exposure to microorganisms and environmental endotoxins during the neonatal period is followed by a crucial sequence of active events leading to immune tolerance and homeostasis. Contact with potent immunostimulatory molecules starts immediately at birth, and the discrimination between commensal bacteria and invading pathogens is essential to avoid an inappropriate immune stimulation and/or host infection. The dysregulation of these tight interactions between host and microbiota can be responsible for important health disorders, including inflammation and sepsis. This review summarizes the molecular events leading to the establishment of postnatal immune tolerance and how pathogens can avoid host immunity and induce neonatal infections and sepsis.
Critical Heat Flux Enhancement Using Local Tangential Flow Injection (1983)

In this study, the critical heat flux (CHF) in subcooled flow of Freon-113 through short vertical tubes has been investigated. In addition, the concept of local tangential flow injection has been studied as a means of CHF enhancement. The data without tangential injection (axial flow) indicate that there is an effect of heated length in the limit of very short tubes. The CHF data obtained with tangential injection show as much as 67% enhancement in CHF over axial flow data at the same conditions. In addition, it has been shown that local tangential injection could be utilized in non-uniform heating situations.
Amphiphilic polymer-coated hybrid nanoparticles as CT/MRI dual contrast agents (2011)

We describe hybrid nanoparticles, composed of iron oxide and gold nanoparticles, as potential dual contrast agents for both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The hybrid nanoparticles are synthesized by thermal decomposition of mixtures of Fe-oleate and Au-oleylamine complexes. Using a nano-emulsion method, the nanoparticles are coated with amphiphilic poly(DMA-r-mPEGMA-r-MA) to impart water-dispersity and antibiofouling properties. An in vitro phantom study shows that the hybrid nanoparticles have high CT attenuation, because of the constituent gold nanoparticles, and afford a good MR signal, attributable to the contained iron oxide nanoparticles. Intravenous injection of the hybrid nanoparticles into hepatoma-bearing mice results in high contrast between the hepatoma and normal hepatic parenchyma in both CT and MRI. These results suggest that the hybrid nanoparticles may be useful as CT/MRI dual contrast agents for in vivo hepatoma imaging.
ATT-Auth: A Hybrid Protocol for Industrial IoT Attestation With Authentication (2018)

This paper addresses the problem of developing attestation techniques for Industrial Internet of Things systems. To ensure hardware security, the proposed attestation protocols are based on physically unclonable functions. Moreover, to achieve scalability, the proposed protocols do not calculate the reference checksum for every prover at the verifier, instead they use timing information. Thus, to attest multiple devices in large-scale networks, such as device swarms, the proposed protocols use timing information to detect any unintentional or malicious modification to a device’s memory contents. The analysis on an Atmel micro controller shows that the proposed protocols have a high probability of detecting malware with significantly lower computation overhead.
<b>Patterns of Bone Metastasis and their Prognostic Significance in Patients with Carcinoma of the Prostate</b> (1993)

The different patterns of bone metastasis, metastatic load and their prognostic significance were examined in a consecutive series of 169 men with prostatic cancer and bone metastasis at presentation. Patients with an isolated metastasis in the pelvis or dorsal vertebrae had a better prognosis than those whose metastases were either diffuse or involved more distal sites such as the skull or the sternum, although all of these patients were classified as having M1 disease. Bone metastasis involving an area equivalent to 1 vertebral body equalled a metastatic load of 2. Based on their total metastatic load, 3 prognostic groups were identified with significant differences in case-specific survival despite receiving the same hormonal treatment. When comparing the potential efficacy of various treatments one must stratify the metastatic load, which is a powerful prognostic indicator of the outcome in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.
A comparison of query-by-example methods for spoken term detection (2009)

Abstract : In this paper we examine an alternative interface for phonetic search, namely query-by-example, that avoids OOV issues associated with both standard word-based and phonetic search methods. We develop three methods that compare query lattices derived from example audio against a standard ngrambased phonetic index and we analyze factors affecting the performance of these systems. We show that the best systems under this paradigm are able to achieve 77% precision when retrieving utterances from conversational telephone speech and returning 10 results from a single query (performance that is better than a similar dictionary-based approach) suggesting significant utility for applications requiring high precision. We also show that these systems can be further improved using relevance feedback: By incorporating four additional queries the precision of the best system can be improved by 13.7% relative. Our systems perform well despite high phone recognition error rates (> 40%) and make use of no pronunciation or letter-to-sound resources.
Alterations in Serum Levels of Lipids and Lipoproteins with Indinavir Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Patients (1999)

Alterations in lipid metabolism have been associated with the use of protease inhibitors. Sequential lipid analyses were performed on serum samples from human immunodeficiency virus-infected antiretroviral-naive patients who received indinavir in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) were measured at baseline and at periodic intervals. After 48 weeks of indinavir therapy, mean serum levels +/- SD rose as follows: cholesterol, from 167.2 +/- 36.0 to 206.3 +/- 32.4 mg/dL (P < .0005); triglycerides, from 110.4 +/- 47.5 to 158.4 +/- 72.5 mg/dL (P < .0101); and LDLs, from 106.6 +/- 35.1 to 136.1 +/- 31.6 mg/dL (P = .0029). There was no significant change in the serum HDL fraction. Mean serum lipoprotein (a) levels +/- SD rose from 6.5 +/- 1.4 to 9.6 +/- 2.0 mg/dL after 30 weeks (P = .0695). Potential mechanisms for the noted increases include alterations in serum lipoprotein lipase activity or changes in hepatic lipid metabolism. The clinical significance of these changes remains to be determined.
Radial and staggered treatment patterns to correct hyperopia using noncontact holmium:YAG laser thermal keratoplasty (1998)

Radial and staggered patterns effectively corrected low hyperopia, although both were subject to a certain amount of regression. The radial pattern produced faster postoperative recovery of SCVA and demonstrated greater refractive stability.
Foot Fetishism: West Meets East (1998)

Discusses fetishism through the works of Freud, Lacan and Abraham. Foot fetishist tendencies recorded in Western psychoanalysis are seen to have a parallel in the Chinese practice of foot binding.
INTRINSIC TEAR STRENGTHS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS MADE USING INSITE TECHNOLOGY (1995)

The intrinsic tear strengths have been measured for polymers made with INSITE* Technology, also called constrained geometry catalyst technology (CGCT), and having a wide range of physical properties. The intrinsic tear strengths allow the molecular contribution to tear strength to be determined since the samples have essentially isotropic orientation. Correlations have been obtained between intrinsic tear strengths and the physical and mechanical properties of these polymers.
Preoperative measurement of scotopic pupil dilation using an office pupillometer (1998)

This evaluation suggests that it would be difficult for clinicians to reliably predict the level of pupil dilation at 3 lumens by measuring pupil size at 15 lumens. The light-amplification pupillometer provides a tool for measuring pupil size at an illumination level that simulates night-driving conditions. The use of this device may help surgeons identify refractive surgery candidates who are more likely to be dissatisfied with their postoperative vision at low illumination levels.
Combination of Ozone with Activated Carbon as an Alternative to Conventional Advanced Oxidation Processes (2006)

The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of O3/granular activated carbon (GAC) to enhance ozone transformation into ·OH radicals, with the common advanced oxidation processes (O3/OH−, O3/H2O2). The results obtained with model systems under the given experimental conditions showed that the system O3/OH− (pH 9) and O3/H2O2 (pH 7, [H2O2] = 1·10−5 M) are more efficient than O3/GAC (pH 7, [GAC] = 0.5 g/L) to enhance ozone transformation into ·OH radicals. However, in Lake Zurich water the O3/GAC process has a similar efficiency as O3/H2O2 for ozone transformation into ·OH radicals. The results also show that the presence of GAC during Lake Zurich water ozonation leads to (i) removal of hydrophilic and hydrophobic micropollutants, (ii) reduction of the concentration of CO3 2−/HCO3 −, and (iii) decrease of the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) present in the system.
Detection of OFDM Signals in Fast-Varying Channels With Low-Density Pilot Symbols (2008)

In fast-varying channels, an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system needs to insert denser pilot symbols among transmitted symbols in tracking the variation of a channel. However, using denser pilot symbols reduces transmission throughput. In this paper, we propose a pseudopilot algorithm for data detection in fast-varying channels without increasing the pilot density. Our algorithm is based on a regressional model-based least-squares-fitting approach. Within a block of received symbols, we select some data symbols and regard them as pseudopilot symbols. The receiver considers all the possible patterns of the pseudopilots and associates each of them with a data sequence and a corresponding metric. The associated data sequence, whose metric is minimum, is selected as the detected data sequence. Our algorithm is not based on a decision-directed or decision-feedback architecture because the pseudopilots do not come from any detected symbols. The proposed algorithm needs to search all the possible patterns of the pseudopilots, and the complexity may increase with the number of pseudopilots and constellation size. To reduce the number of search, we further propose two modified approaches. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms could approach a bit-error probability lower bound that is obtained by letting the receiver know the true values of the pseudopilots. Compared with the linear interpolation method, the proposed algorithm shows obvious improvement in fast-varying channels. The proposed modified approaches could also effectively reduce the number of search while maintaining the performance. We also give the complexity analysis of the proposed algorithm and an approach to determine the degree of the regression polynomial.
Two Probable Cases of Serious Drug Interaction Between Clarithromycin and Colchicine (2005)

Although colchicine is a commonly used medication in patients with gouty arthritis and various multisystem disorders, its safety margin in therapeutic use is not well understood. This report describes two fatal cases of agranulocytosis presumed to result from a drug interaction involving colchicine and clarithromycin.
Receive-Only Service Function and External Service in SFC (2017)

A category of services such as Intrusion Detection Service and Packet
Capture operates in receive-only mode. They are packet sinks which
consume all packets sent to them. This document describes the
proposals for such service to be part of the Service Function Chaining
framework.
SIMPLE PERFORMANCE TEST FOR SUPERPAVE MIX DESIGN (2002)

This report presents the findings of a research task to identify a simple test for confirming key performance characteristics of Superpave volumetric mix designs. In this initial phase of the work, candidate tests for permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature cracking were identified and recommended for field validation in the next phase of work. The report will be of particular interest to materials engineers in state highway agencies, as well as to materials suppliers and paving contractor personnel responsible for design and production of hot mix asphalt.
A collection of privacy design patterns (2006)

The growth in computing power has enabled the storage and analysis of large volumes of data. Monitoring the Internet access profiles of millions of users has become feasible and also economically lucrative. The interesting thing here is that it is not only the crooks who are interested in privacy intrusion, but government agencies also have vested interest in profiling the population mass. This paper describes 4 design patterns that can aide the decision making process for the designers of privacy protecting systems. These design patterns are applicable to the design of anonymity systems for various types of online communication, online data sharing, location monitoring, voting and electronic cash management.
Controlling the growth of VOx films for various optoelectronic applications (2009)

In this paper, vanadium oxide (VOx) thin films were prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering under different deposition temperatures. The physical properties and microstructures of VOx thin films were systematically investigated. Results reveal that when the deposition temperature is varied from 200degC to 390degC, the square resistance of VOx at room temperature is decreased significantly from 696 KOmega/sq to 0.122 KOmega/sq. The film stress and optical properties were also observed to be varied with the deposition temperature. The resulting adjustment of physical properties is attributed to the difference in both chemical states and crystallinity of VOx. On the base of the special optical, electrical and mechanical properties, the as-prepared VOx films exhibit great potential in various optoelectronic applications.
The reaction of some nuclear substituted acyclic conjugated styryl ketones and related Mannich bases with ethanethiol (1980)

The second order rate constants for the reaction of ethanethiol with a number of conjugated nuclear-substituted styryl ketones and related Mannich bases in 50% aqueous acetonitrile was undertaken. Variation of the alkyl group adjacent to the carbonyl function was accompanied by altered avidity to ethanethiol which was explained as being due in part to the varying inductive effects of the alkyl groups which would, in turn, affect the stability of the reaction intermediates. The greatest disparity in reactivity between groups of compounds was between the ketones and analogous Mannich bases which was in accord with the marked difference in bioactivities between these two groups of compounds.
Über die Chemie der Oberfläche des Titandioxids. I. Bestimmung des aktiven Wasserstoffs, thermische Entwässerung und Rehydroxylierung (1967)

Abstract Die Menge der an der Oberfläche gebundenen OH‐Gruppen wurde bei einem feinteiligen Anatas durch Deuterium‐Austausch, Acetylierung und Reaktion mit SOCl 2 bestimmt. Nach Entgasen bei 150° wurden etwa 4,9 OH‐Gruppen/100 Å 2 gefunden, gegenäber einer fär eine vollständig hydroxylierte Oberfläche abgeschätzten Menge von 12–14 OH/100 Å 2 . Der thermische Abbau der OH‐Gruppenbelegung begann unterhalb 200° und war bei 350° vollständig. Bei der Einwirkung von H 2 O‐Dampf wurde nur die Hälfte der urspränglich vorhandenen OH‐Gruppen zuräckgebildet, unter flässigem H 2 O wurde die Oberfläche vollständing rehydroxyliert. Das unterhalb 150° chemisorbierte H 2 O därfte molekular, nicht in Form von OH‐Gruppen vorliegen.
Frequency Comb Generation Using a CMOS Compatible SiP DD-MZM for Flexible Networks (2018)

On-chip frequency comb generation is a promising solution for seeding a chip-scale optical transmitter for both Nyquist wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. We demonstrate flexible frequency comb generation using a silicon photonic dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator fabricated on a CMOS-compatible process. Our on-chip comb has five lines spaced at 20 GHz with a high tone-to-noise ratio of about 40 dB after one stage optical amplification. Our back-to-back transmission achieves bit error rates (BERs) well below 2e-2, the threshold for 20% overhead forward error correction (FEC), for 800 Gb/s using 16-GBd 32QAM on five WDM channels. We also test a seamless 800-Gb/s super-channel using 5×20 GBd 16QAM, with BER below the 7% overhead FEC threshold of 3.8e-3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of high-spectral-efficiency data carried by an all-silicon optical frequency comb. This establishes that a silicon optical frequency comb has sufficient optical signal-to-noise ratio for high-order QAM, as well as excellent stability for super-channels without guard bands, paving the way to an integrated high-spectral-efficiency multi-carrier optical transmitter.
Cystic Fibrosis Fatty Acid Imbalance Is Linked to Ceramide Deficiency and Corrected by Fenretinide (2008)

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and Cftr-knockout mice (CF mice) display an imbalance in fatty acids, with high arachidonic acid (AA) and low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations. Our recent studies demonstrated defects in another class of lipids, ceramides, in patients with CF and in CF mice. This study investigates the relationship between ceramide, AA, DHA, and the correction of lipid imbalances in CF mice after treatment with fenretinide. Concentrations of AA, DHA, and ceramide were assessed in plasma from 58 adult patients with CF and 72 healthy control subjects. After 28 days of treatment with fenretinide, the same analysis was performed in wild-type and CF mice from plasma and organs (lung, ileum, pancreas, and liver). Low ceramide levels were associated with high AA and low DHA concentrations in patients with CF. No correlation was observed in healthy control subjects. Greater deficiencies were seen in patients with CF who were diagnosed before the age of 18, specifically with statistically significant higher levels of AA. Treatment with fenretinide (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide; 4-HPR) normalized high levels of AA and low levels of ceramide, and increased the levels of DHA in CF mice. As in patients with CF, low ceramide levels correlated with higher AA and lower DHA levels in plasma of CF mice. Lipid abnormalities correlated with ceramide deficiencies in patients with CF and CF mice. We found that fenretinide treatment normalizes the fatty acid imbalance in CF mice with reducing AA to WT levels and increasing DHA. We propose that fenretinide treatment might improve this pathological phenotype in patients with CF.
Ganglioside GM1 influences the proliferation rate of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (2012)

Gangliosides play important roles in the control of several biological processes, including proliferation and transmembrane signaling. In this study, we demonstrate the effect of ganglioside GM1 on the proliferation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs). The proliferation rate of miPSCs was lower than in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis showed that the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase in miPSCs was lower than that in mESCs. GM1 was expressed in mESCs, but not miPSCs. To confirm the role of GM1 in miPSC proliferation, miPSCs were treated with GM1. GM1-treated miPSCs exhibited increased cell proliferation and a larger number of cells in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases was increased in GM1- treated miPSCs.