gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An overlay network architecture for data placement strategies in a P2P streaming network (2004)

Generic file sharing P2P applications have gained high popularity in the past few years. In particular P2P streaming architectures have attracted attention. Some of them consider many-to-one streaming or high level multicast techniques. In contrast to these models we propose techniques and algorithms for point-to-point streaming in autonomous systems as it might occur in large companies, a campus or even in large hotels. Therefore we introduce the architecture of an overlay network. Each subnetwork contains local active rendezvous server (LARS) which do not just act as directory server but also control availability of movie content in their subnetwork. Due to this we consider data placement strategies depending on restrictions of network bandwidth and peer capabilities as well as the movies's access frequency.
Design of a synchrotron radiation facility for Orsay’s ACO storage ring : LURE (1976)

The LURE synchrotron radiation facility is described. We emphasize the scientific and technological considerations that led to our practical choice of transfer optics, vacuum equipment, and fail safe system based on the use of an acoustical delay line. Characteristics of the vacuum beam lines are given as well as the actual performance of the system as a practical light source.
Measurements of <sup>18</sup>O<sup>18</sup>O and <sup>17</sup>O<sup>18</sup>O in the atmosphere and the role of isotope‐exchange reactions (2012)

Of the six stable isotopic variants of O 2 , only three are measured routinely. Observations of natural variations in 16 O 18 O/ 16 O 16 O and 16 O 17 O/ 16 O 16 O ratios have led to insights in atmospheric, oceanographic, and paleoclimate research. Complementary measurements of the exceedingly rare 18 O 18 O and 17 O 18 O isotopic variants might therefore broaden our understanding of oxygen cycling. Here we describe a method to measure natural variations in these multiply substituted isotopologues of O 2 . Its accuracy is demonstrated by measuring isotopic effects for Knudsen diffusion and O 2 electrolysis in the laboratory that are consistent with theoretical predictions. We then report the first measurements of 18 O 18 O and 17 O 18 O proportions relative to the stochastic distribution of isotopes (i.e., Δ 36 and Δ 35 values, respectively) in tropospheric air. Measured enrichments in 18 O 18 O and 17 O 18 O yield Δ 36 = 2.05 ± 0.24‰ and Δ 35 = 1.4 ± 0.5‰ (2 σ ). Based on the results of our electrolysis experiment, we suggest that autocatalytic O( 3 P ) + O 2 isotope exchange reactions play an important role in regulating the distribution of 18 O 18 O and 17 O 18 O in air. We constructed a box model of the atmosphere and biosphere that includes the effects of these isotope exchange reactions, and we find that the biosphere exerts only a minor influence on atmospheric Δ 36 and Δ 35 values. O( 3 P ) + O 2 isotope exchange in the stratosphere and troposphere is therefore expected to govern atmospheric Δ 36 and Δ 35 values on decadal timescales. These results suggest that the ‘clumped’ isotopic composition of atmospheric O 2 in ice core records is sensitive to past variations in atmospheric dynamics and free‐radical chemistry.
Retinoid receptors in chronic degeneration of the spinal cord: observations in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2007)

Changes in distribution and expression of retinoid receptors may be part of a spinal cord protective response to acute injury and to chronic degeneration. In this study, we have combined RNA and protein expression analysis to characterize the expression profile of retinoid receptors in the lumbar spinal cord of the superoxide dismutase 1 G93A mutant rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a fatal neurodegenerative disorder causing extensive motor neuron loss. We also report a nonsignificant change in RNA expression of binding proteins and metabolizing enzymes for retinol and retinoic acid in the mutant rat spinal cord at end-stage disease. Only retinoid X receptor beta (RXRbeta), and to a lesser extent retinoic acid receptor beta and alpha (RARbeta/alpha) were reliably detected in lumbar spinal cord at an early pre-symptomatic phase and throughout the disease progression. The expression of RXRbeta in lamina II neurons in the dorsal horn of transgenic and wild type (WT) animals was associated with extensive astrocyte staining in end-stage lumbar spinal cord from transgenic rats. RARbeta and RARalpha diffuse staining of large motor neurons in the pre-symptomatic transgenic and in the WT lumbar cord appear to decline in end-stage disease, when a selective and strong gamma motor neuron RARalpha staining becomes evident. As gliosis and motor neuron loss are key pathogenic features in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the selective expression of retinoid receptors in astrocytes and motor neurons may provide further clues to the role of retinoid signalling in neurodegeneration and suggest new treatment strategies based on retinoid-modulating agents.
Magnetostrictive metallic glass ribbon gradiometer (1988)

A stress-driven magnetoelastic amorphous metal ribbon gradiometer is presented which demonstrates a minimum detectable field gradient of 7.7 pT/cm √(Hz) at 1.0 Hz.
A heat transfer textbook (1981)

This introduction to heat transfer offers advanced undergraduate and graduate engineering students a solid foundation in the subjects of conduction, convection, radiation, and phase-change, in addition to the related topic of mass transfer. A staple of engineering courses around the world for more than three decades, it has been revised and updated regularly by the authors, a pair of recognized experts in the field. The text addresses the implications, limitations, and meanings of many aspects of heat transfer, connecting the subject to its real-world applications and developing students' ins
The Foveal Confluence in Human Visual Cortex (2009)

The human visual system devotes a significant proportion of its resources to a very small part of the visual field, the fovea. Foveal vision is crucial for natural behavior and many tasks in daily life such as reading or fine motor control. Despite its significant size, this part of cortex is rarely investigated and the limited data have resulted in competing models of the layout of the foveal confluence in primate species. Specifically, how V2 and V3 converge at the central fovea is the subject of debate in primates and has remained "terra incognita" in humans. Using high-resolution fMRI (1.2 x 1.2 x 1.2 mm(3)) and carefully designed visual stimuli, we sought to accurately map the human foveal confluence and hence disambiguate the competing theories. We find that V1, V2, and V3 are separable right into the center of the foveal confluence, and V1 ends as a rounded wedge with an affine mapping of the foveal singularity. The adjacent V2 and, in contrast to current concepts from macaque monkey, also V3 maps form continuous bands (approximately 5 mm wide) around the tip of V1. This mapping results in a highly anisotropic representation of the visual field in these areas. Unexpectedly, for the centermost 0.75 degrees, the cortical representations for both V2 and V3 are larger than that of V1, indicating that more neuronal processing power is dedicated to second-level analysis in this small but important part of the visual field.
Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology : methods and applications (1985)

This book provides information on the study of aquatic toxicology, including the transport, transformation, and biological effects of toxic substances in the aquatic environment. The book is intended to provide an understanding of the basic principles of complex aquatic-chemical interactions. Descriptions of the principles, methods, and procedures involved in acute, subchronic chronic aquatic toxicity testing studies, and methods of sublethal toxicity testing are included. The biological effects of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and inorganics are treated.
Who are the variables in your neighbourhood (1995)

Dynamic reordering techniques have had considerable success in reducing the impact of the initial variable order on the size of decision diagrams. Sifting, in particular, has emerged as a very good compromise between low CPU time requirements and high quality of results. Sifting, however, has the absolute position of a variable as the primary objective, and only considers the relative positions of groups of variables indirectly. In this paper we propose an extension to sifting that may move groups of variables simultaneously to produce better results. Variables are aggregated by checking whether they have a strong affinity to their neighbors. (Hence the title.) Our experiments show an average improvement in size of 11%. This improvement, coupled with the greater robustness of the algorithm, more than offsets the modest increase in CPU time that is sometimes incurred.
Intelligent power supply controller (2002)

A power supply controller has been developed which would combine 20-b precision, simple interfacing, and versatile software control. It performs many tasks internal to the power supply and communicates with an external host computer. Parameters can be entered and/or read over a serial link using one of the 82 command words. In addition, an optional remote control panel can be located up to thousands of feet away. This controller will reduce the software development time normally spent by the user, while increasing the reliability of the system. The cost is less than buying the equivalent separate CAMAC system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
VoodooSketch (2008)

VoodooSketch is a system that extends interactive surfaces with physical interface palettes on which users can dynamically deploy controls as shortcut to application functionality. The system provides physical 'plug and play' controls as well as support for sketching of controls, and allows controls to be associated with application functions via handwritten labels. The system uses a special digital pen, which writes 'real' ink on the palettes while functioning as a digital input device on the interactive surfaces. The palettes can be seamlessly integrated into existing applications, be appropriated by the user to suit different input requirements, and support new interaction styles across multiple surfaces, palettes and users.
Network Management: An Introduction to Principles and Practice (1999)

From the Publisher:
Network Management: Principles and Practice provides a balanced presentation of the theoretical background and the practical aspects of network management. Unlike other books that cover only specific network technologies, Mani Subramanian lays the foundation for network management by presenting the background, the technologies, and the tools that all network managers simply must know. Throughout the book, the author intertwines real-world examples based upon his experience in managing, engineering, and operating networks.
Nickel oxide film with open macropores fabricated by surfactant-assisted anodic deposition for high capacitance supercapacitors (2010)

Nickel oxide film with open macropores prepared by anodic deposition in the presence of surfactant shows a very high capacitance of 1110 F g(-1) at a scan rate of 10 mV s(-1), and the capacitance value reduces to 950 F g(-1) at a high scan rate of 200 mV s(-1).
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma and Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (2013)

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a low-grade, B-cell neoplasm composed of small lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and plasma cells that typically involve the bone marrow, and it is associated with an immunoglobulin M (IgM) gammopathy. The definition of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and its relationship to LPL has been confusing in the past. In addition, the diagnosis of LPL itself can be challenging because LPL lacks disease-specific morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features to differentiate it from other mature B-cell neoplasms. Accurate diagnosis of LPL/WM rests on recognition of the differential diagnostic features between LPL and other diagnostic possibilities and the use of the recently refined definition of WM and its relationship with LPL: The presence of an IgM monoclonal gammopathy of any level in the setting of bone marrow involvement by LPL. This review summarizes the clinical, laboratory, and histologic features of LPL/WM, with particular emphasis on unique aspects of LPL/WM that may aid in accurate diagnosis.
The Design of an Optimum Alphanumeric Symbol Set for Cockpit Displays. (1977)

The purpose of this study was to design an alphanumeric symbol set with improved legibility which could be implemented as a standardized set for cockpit displays. PATTERN RECOGNITION THEORY WAS APPLIED IN WHICH THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL, DISCRETE, Fourier transform was used to obtain the feature space for each symbol. Spatial lowpass filtering techniques were employed and a decision rule was used based on the maximum nearest prototype Euclidian distance between symbols. A symbol change algorithm was developed in which symbols were moved away from their two closest neighbors in the transformed domain. Lincoln/Mitre, a highly legible font, was used as the initial prototype set. A new alphanumeric symbol set was designed with 18 changed symbols that had an overall greater distance spread between nearest neighbor symbols. The Lincoln/Mitre and a new test set were psychophysically tested with results indicating a 9.5% better performance for the changed symbols over the original Lincoln/Mitre symbols. (Author)
Transport and Fate of Spermatozoa After Insemination of Cattle (1987)

Sperm capable of fertilizing ova reach the isthmus of cows about 8 h after mating and remain in the caudal 2 cm of the isthmus until ovulation. Then small numbers of sperm move to the site of fertilization at the junction of the isthmus and ampulla. Within a few hours after deposition of semen in the uterine body, most sperm have drained to the exterior in cervical mucus. By 12 to 24 h after insemination, only a few percent of the sperm remain in the reproductive tract, and most of these are in the vagina. Contractions of the reproductive tract appear to be the primary mechanism of sperm transport. Flagellation of sperm is probably required for sperm to enter the folds of the cervix, and flagellation may be helpful or essential for sperm to pass through the uterotubal junction, move from the isthmus to the ampulla, and penetrate ova. High proportions of sperm undergo the acrosome reaction only in the ampulla on the side of ovulation and only after ovulation. The fertilization rate in cattle can be improved by use of semen from high fertility bulls and perhaps by timing insemination with semen from lower fertility bulls after the end of estrus.
Serum profiles and short-term metabolic effect of pituitary and authentic biosynthetic human growth hormone in man (1987)

In a double-blind cross-over study we compared pituitary and methionine-free biosynthetic human growth hormone (P-hGH and B-hGH) with respect to pharmacokinetics and short-term metabolic effects in 9 hypopituitary children. They treated themselves for 4 weeks with 2 IU sc daily at 20.00 h. After admittance to hospital 2 IU was given: im the first day, and sc the second. They then switched over to the alternative preparation. The serum profiles of B- and P-hGH were identical. Comparing im and sc absorption, the latter was slower and resulted in smaller areas under the curves, indicating greater local degradation. Both preparations caused identical increases in somatomedin-C, but slightly more sustained after sc injection. Plasma glucose, plasma glucagon, and serum insulin fluctuated within normal ranges. The glucose profile pointed at a modest anti-insulin effect of hGH when given in the morning. The concentration in the blood of lactate, alanine, glycerol and B-OH-butyrate, and in serum of triglyceride, cholesterol and carbamide revealed no abnormalities with either hGH preparation. Finally, no development of anti-GH or E. coli polypeptide antibodies was seen. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics and short-term metabolic effects of B-hGH and P-hGH were identical.
Quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationships derived on antibacterial sulfonamides in rats and its comparison to quantitative structure-activity relationships (1980)

Quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationships have been derived for a series of substituted 2-sulfapyridines. Pharmacokinetic parameters, such as elimination rate constant (ke), clearance (Cl), and protein-binding constant (Kassoc), have been determined in rats. The observed variation is statistically significant, explained by changes in the lipophilic (deltaRm), electronic (pKa), and steric effects (I, ES) of the substituents. The obtained correlations are discussed with respect to the previously derived correlations for the antibacterial activity of these compounds. A scale up of the results opens up the possibility of a rational synthesis of highly active sulfonamides with special pharmacokinetic properties because lipophilicity influences strongly the pharmacokinetic properties, whereas no influence on the degree of antibacterial effect is observed. Steric substituent influence is opposite on specific binding to bacterial enzymes and unspecific binding to serum proteins.
AGN/galaxy separation in the ROSAT Bright Survey (1999)

Abstract. The X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of galaxies is dominated by AGN (classified by their optical spectra) above Lx = 10 42 ergs −1, below this value by normal galaxies. The X-ray flux of AGN at low X-ray luminosity therefore contains contributions from stellar processes (winds, supernova explosions etc.). Until now it is not clear which fraction of the observed X-ray flux has to be associated to the underlying stellar emission. We started to investigate a complete luminosity-limited sample of AGN and galaxies with log Lx ≤ 42.5 to discriminate between the nuclear and galaxy flux. Using the ROSAT HRI data we calculated the radial wobble-corrected profiles of the sources which were compared to a new HRI point spread function (PSF) template derived from 21 X-ray bright stars. The majority of the low-luminosiy AGN shows evidence for a significant fraction of extended X-ray emission. 1.
[Importance of replacing the support medium for viral interferonogenesis in tissue culture]. (1976)

Interferonogenesis in the cells of chick embryos induced by strain Lee of influenza B virus was studied. The levels of interferon production with and without changing the medium before the cell inoculation with the interferonogens were compared. It was shown that preliminary changing of the medium resulted in a statistically reliable increase in production of interferon as compared to that without the medium changing. It was found that the increase in the synthesis of interferon under the conditions of the maintaining medium changing was accompanied by an increase in the levels of synthesis of the cellular protein and RNA determined by incorporation of C14-leucine and H3-uridine into the acid insoluble fraction of the cells. It is concluded that metabolic changes in the cells at the moment of interferonogenesis induction due to the maintaining medium changing should be considered in estimation of the experiments on the mechanism of the virus induced interferonogenesis in the tissue culture.
Ketone Kinetics in Man (1981)

1. Five normal volunteers after an overnight fast were given an injection of DL-beta hydroxybutyrate on one occasion, and an injection of acetoacetate (AcAc) on another occasion. The concentrations of D-(--)-beta-hydroxybutyrate (D-beta-OHB) and AcAc were measured every 5 minutes for 40 minutes after each injection. 2. The rate constant of disappearance (K), the volume of distribution (V) and the metabolic clearance (MCR) were calculated for the injected ketone. The values were similar for the two ketones, and therefore these values can be taken as estimates for total ketones. 3. The metabolic clearance rate of total ketones (beta-OHB plus AcAc) was also calculated from the changes in total ketone body concentration after the injection of DL-beta-OHB or AcAc which are the methods used previously. The values obtained by these methods were only 50% of that calculated from the kinetics of the injected ketone. This difference is entirely due to the differences in the apparent volume of distribution. 4. It is suggested that the best estimate of total ketone body production rate is the product of the MCR of the injected ketone and the basal concentration of total ketone bodies.
Finite-Element Simulation of Different Kinds of Wafer Warpages: Spherical, Cylindrical, and Saddle (2014)

During the wafer fabrication process, wafers warp into different kinds of shapes, such as spherical, cylindrical, or saddles. These wafers may exhibit a bistable state, that is, if we apply a certain amount of pressure, they snap into another state. Though these shapes are commonly observed in the real world, we have found that it is extremely difficult to obtain these shapes in finite-element tools, such as ANSYS, because some of these states are not numerically preferred solutions. In this paper, we discuss various methodologies we have used to obtain these shapes in ANSYS. The experiments have been carried out in our fabrication lab to measure the wafer warpage at various stages of wafer fabrication. We have found that when the simulated shape matches the experiment, the warpage or maximum out of plane displacement of the wafer obtained from our simulation matches with 1% with the experimental results as well. Furthermore, ANSYS simulations show that backgrinding increases the warpage by the same amount as observed in the experiments. This paper also discusses the limitations of Stoney's formula. The final goal of this paper is to predict how warpage is going to affect the stresses in the silicon (Si) trenches in a device and if any particular trench design is going to lower the amount of wafer warpage, hence the stresses in Si trenches. Section IV shows the simulation results of stresses in the Si trenches. Since it would be computationally infeasible to model a full wafer having all the details of the trench structures, a submodeling technique has been adopted to calculate the stresses in the Si trench wall of a warped wafer. These simulation results are compared with micro-Raman spectroscopy measurements of a warped wafer.
Structural and Functional Characterization of Polyphenols Isolated from Acerola (<i>Malpighia emarginata</i>DC.) Fruit (2005)

Two anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-alpha-O-rhamnoside (C3R) and pelargonidin-3-alpha-O-rhamnoside (P3R), and quercitrin (quercetin-3-alpha-O-rhamnoside), were isolated from acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) fruit. These polyphenols were evaluated based on the functional properties associated with diabetes mellitus or its complications, that is, on the radical scavenging activity and the inhibitory effect on both alpha-glucosidase and advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. C3R and quercitrin revealed strong radical scavenging activity. While the inhibitory profiles of isolated polyphenols except quercitrin towards alpha-glucosidase activity were low, all polyphenols strongly inhibited AGE formation.