gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Signal Compression: Principles and Practice (2011)

With clear and easy-to-understand explanations, this book covers the fundamental concepts and coding methods of signal compression, whilst still retaining technical depth and rigor. It contains a wealth of illustrations, step-by-step descriptions of algorithms, examples and practice problems, which make it an ideal textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as a useful self-study tool for researchers and professionals. Principles of lossless compression are covered, as are various entropy coding techniques, including Huffman coding, arithmetic coding and Lempel-Ziv coding. Scalar and vector quantization and trellis coding are thoroughly explained, and a full chapter is devoted to mathematical transformations including the KLT, DCT and wavelet transforms. The workings of transform and subband/wavelet coding systems, including JPEG2000 and SBHP image compression and H.264/AVC video compression, are explained and a unique chapter is provided on set partition coding, shedding new light on SPIHT, SPECK, EZW and related methods
Hepatitis B Virus Dane Particles Bind to Human Plasma Apolipoprotein H (2001)

Human apolipoprotein H (apo H) was found to bind specifically to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals. We used recombinant HBsAg proteins to analyze HBV domains recognized by apo H. We showed that the myristylated pre-S1 domain of HBsAg strongly interacted with apo H. This binding involved phospholipid components of the HBV envelope because their removal by detergent prevented apo H-HBsAg interaction. The opposite effects of iron and zinc metal ions on binding suggest that the oxidation of phospholipids also affects apo H-HBsAg interaction. After fractionation of viral particles on a sucrose gradient, and their addition to microtiter plates coated with apo H or anti-HBsAg, we observed that the maximal anti-HBsAg capture activity corresponded to a sucrose concentration of 36%, whereas the maximal apo H capture activity corresponded to a concentration of 39%. Electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Southern blot studies of these fractions showed that the fraction with maximal apo H binding predominantly contained full Dane particles. Finally, we studied apo H-HBsAg binding relative to the presence of hepatitis B virus markers and observed that apo H binding activity for HBsAg was higher in sera from patients in the active virus replication phase.
Organ-specific stress induces mouse pancreatic keratin overexpression in association with NF-κB activation (2004)

Keratin polypeptides 8 and 18 (K8/K18) are the major intermediate filament proteins of pancreatic acinar cells and hepatocytes. Pancreatic keratin function is unknown, whereas hepatocyte keratins protect from mechanical and non-mechanical forms of stress. We characterized steady-state pancreatic keratin expression in Balb/c mice after caerulein and choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented diet (CDD), or on exposure to the generalized stresses of heat and water immersion. Keratins were studied at the protein, RNA and organizational levels. Isolated acini were used to study the role of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB using selective inhibitors. Keratins were found to be abundant proteins making up 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.5% of the total cellular protein of pancreas, liver and small intestine, respectively. Caerulein and CDD caused a threefold transcription-mediated overall increase in K8/K18/K19/K20 proteins. Keratin overexpression begins on tissue recovery, peaks 2 days after caerulein injection, or 1 day after CDD discontinuation, and returns to basal levels after 10 days. K19/K20-containing cytoplasmic filaments are nearly absent pre-injury but form post-injury then return to their original membrane-proximal distribution after 10 days. By contrast, generalized stresses of heat or water-immersion stress do not alter keratin expression levels. Caerulein-induced keratin overexpression is associated with NF-kappaB activation when tested using ex vivo acinar cell cultures. In conclusion, keratins are abundant proteins that can behave as stress proteins in response to tissue-specific but not generalized forms of injury. Pancreatic keratin overexpression is associated with NF-kappaB activation and may serve unique functions in acinar or ductal cell response to injury.
Sexual Enhancement Products for Sale Online: Raising Awareness of the Psychoactive Effects of Yohimbine, Maca, Horny Goat Weed, and<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> (2014)

Uncontrolled availability of sexual enhancement products that contain potentially harmful substances is a major public health concern. The possible impact on population health, particularly among subjects with psychiatric disorders, usually at risk for sexual dysfunction, may be significant. This new trend needs to be extensively studied and monitored.
Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli mutants able to utilize the novel pentose L-ribose (1991)

Wild-type strains of Escherichia coli were unable to utilize L-ribose for growth. However, L-ribose-positive mutants could be isolated from strains of E. coli K-12 which contained a ribitol operon. L-ribose-positive strains of E. coli, isolated after 15 to 20 days, had a growth rate of 0.22 generation per h on L-ribose. Growth on L-ribose was found to induce the enzymes of the L-arabinose and ribitol pathways, but only ribitol-negative mutants derived from strains originally L-ribose positive lost the ability to grow on L-ribose, showing that a functional ribitol pathway was required. One of the mutations permitting growth on L-ribose enabled the mutants to produce constitutively an NADPH-linked reductase which converted L-ribose to ribitol. L-ribose is not metabolized by an isomerization to L-ribulose, as would be predicted on the basis of other pentose pathways in enteric bacteria. Instead, L-ribose was metabolized by the reduction of L-ribose to ribitol, followed by the conversion to D-ribulose by enzymes of the ribitol pathway.
현장 사례 연구 : 소프트볼 투수의 신체 분절별 등속성 근력과 투구스피드의 상관관계 분석 (2006)

본 연구의 목적은 소프트볼 투수의 신체 분절별 등속성 근력과 투구스피드와의 관련성을 분석하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 엘리트 선수를 포함한 우수 여자 고교, 및 대학 소프트볼 투수 각 5명씩 총 10명을 대상으로 투구스피드와 등속성 근력을 측정하였다. 투구스피드는 스피드건을 이용하여 총 5회 투구된 속도 중 최고 속도를 자료로 이용하였으며, 등속성 근력 측정은 등속성 근력장치인 Cybex 770을 이용하여 어깨관절은 60°/sec과 240°/sec, 허리관절은 30°/sec과 120°/sec, 무릎은 60°/sec과 180°/sec에서 각각 신근 및 굴근을, 발목관절에서는 30°/sec과 120°/sec에서 족저 및 배측 굴근력을 각각 측정하였다. 또한 손의 크기, 악력, 손목과 팔꿈치 관절은 정적 근력측정기를 사용하여 굴근력을 측정하였다. 어깨관절의 경우, 240°/sec의 부하속도에서 신근 파워(r=.713)와 체중당 신근 파워(r=.718)가 투구스피드와 유의한(P<.05) 정적상관을 나타냈고, 허리관절의 경우, 부하속도 30°/sec에서 신근력(r=.697)과 신근 파워(r=.654)가 투구스피드와 정적상관을 나타냈으며, 배근력(r=-.644)은 120°/sec 부하속도에서 투구스피드와 유의한 부적상관(P<.05)을 나타냈다. 무릎관절의 경우, 180°/sec에서 굴근력(r=.722)이 정적상관을, 발목관절의 경우, 30°/sec에서 족저근력(r=.674)과 체중당 족저근력(r=.667)이 투구스피드와 유의한 정적상관을 나타냈다. 이러한 관련성을 고려할 때 투구스피드 속도 증가에 신체 각 분절의 등속성 근력이 크게 기여함을 판단할 수 있어 소프트볼 투수의 투구스피드를 향상시키기 위해서는 투구동작에 관여하는 관절 운동시 발휘되는 근력들을 고르게 향상시키는 훈련이 필요하다고 결론지을 수 있다.
ECT in bipolar and unipolar depression: differences in speed of response (2001)

The BP/UP distinction had no predictive value in determining ECT outcome. In contrast, there was a large effect for BP patients to show more rapid clinical improvement and require fewer treatments than unipolar patients. The reasons for this difference are unknown, but could reflect a more rapid build up of anticonvulsant effects in BP patients.
Hydnotrya tulasnei and Mattirolomyces terfezioides (Pezizales) two hypogeous fungi that rarely appear in Greece (2014)

Two hypogeous Ascomycetes recently observed in Greece are presented: Hydnotrya tulasnei and Mattirolomyces terfezioides. Descriptions based on specimens found are given, accompanied by macroscopic and microscopic images
XML seen as integral to application integration (1999)

Many companies have a wealth of information in their databases and applications, and want to leverage these assets. They are beginning to see that XML could help them do this by providing a standard data format for cross-platform information exchange. XML thus offers a powerful new way to integrate new and existing applications within companies. Today much of that linking must be done using enterprise application integration software, which is often complex and quite costly. Developers may have to translate legacy APIs to new component APIs or change flow data and workflow processes are structured to permit data exchange between incompatible applications. Analysts and some early adopters say XML will help simplify this complex, labor-intensive process because it lets developers precisely identify pieces of data on the basis of content.
Anomaly Based Network Intrusion Detection with Unsupervised Outlier Detection (2006)

Anomaly detection is a critical issue in Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs). Most anomaly based NIDSs employ supervised algorithms, whose performances highly depend on attack-free training data. However, this kind of training data is difficult to obtain in real world network environment. Moreover, with changing network environment or services, patterns of normal traffic will be changed. This leads to high false positive rate of supervised NIDSs. Unsupervised outlier detection can overcome the drawbacks of supervised anomaly detection. Therefore, we apply one of the efficient data mining algorithms called random forests algorithm in anomaly based NIDSs. Without attack-free training data, random forests algorithm can detect outliers in datasets of network traffic. In this paper, we discuss our framework of anomaly based network intrusion detection. In the framework, patterns of network services are built by random forests algorithm over traffic data. Intrusions are detected by determining outliers related to the built patterns. We present the modification on the outlier detection algorithm of random forests. We also report our experimental results over the KDD'99 dataset. The results show that the proposed approach is comparable to previously reported unsupervised anomaly detection approaches evaluated over the KDD' 99 dataset.
Titanium Drill Pipe for Ultra-Deep and Deep Directional Drilling (2001)

Abstract This paper discusses the modeling and analysis of 5, 5-1/2, 5-7/8 and 6-5/8 in. titanium drill pipe in ultra-deep and deep directional drilling programs. Using a computer based drill string simulator, modeling a representative deep directional well, titanium drill strings were compared to the same size steel drill strings using two design criteria: margin of overpull and hydraulic efficiency.
Sympatho-inhibitory effects of r-l-glutamyl-l-dopa in conscious rabbits. (1994)

Renal and total norepinephrine (NE) spillover rates were studied with [3H] NE kinetic method during graded r-l-glutamyl-l-dopa (gludopa) i.v. infusion in conscious rabbits. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) remained constant during the experiment. Gludopa i.v. infusion at 25 and 100 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 produced marked increases in urinary dopamine (DA) excretion and renal DA content. Although renal venous DA rose after gludopa infusion, the arterial DA was not significantly altered. Arterial plasma gludopa and levodopa levels reached 0.9 +/- 0.5, 3.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms.ml-1 and 3.0 +/- 1.8, 10.1 +/- 5.1 ng.ml-1 at the lower and higher gludopa doses, respectively. Gludopa elicited a pronounced dose-related fall in renal NE spillover, which only accounted for about one half of the reduction in overall NE spillover rate. Renal NE content was doubled. These results indicated that gludopa decreased the renal and extrarenal NE spillover to plasma. This reduction may be mediated by intrarenally synthesized DA via presynaptic DA-2 and alpha-2 receptors, but could also be explained by some central sympatho-inhibitory mechanism.
Foam Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media: Effect of Crossflow (1998)

Abstract Previous studies of foam generation and transport were conducted, mainly, in one-dimensional and homogeneous porous media. However, the field situation is primarily heterogeneous and multidimensional. To begin to bridge this gap, we have studied foam formation and propagation in an annularly heterogeneous porous medium. The experimental system was constructed by centering a 5.0 cm diameter cylindrical Fontainebleau sandstone core inside an 8.9 cm acrylic tube and packing clean Ottawa sand in the annular region. The sandstone permeability is roughly 0.1 d while the unconsolidated sand permeability is about 7 d. Experiments with and without crossflow between the two porous media were conducted. To prevent crossflow, the cylindrical face of the sandstone was encased in a heat-shrink Teflon sleeve and the annular region packed with sand as before. Nitrogen is the gas phase and an alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS 1416) in brine is the foamer. The aqueous phase saturation distribution is garnered using X-ray computed tomography. Results from this study are striking. When the heterogeneous layers are in capillary communication and cross flow is allowed, foam fronts move at identical rates in each porous medium as quantified by the CT-scan images. Desaturation by foam is efficient and typically complete in about 1 PV of gas injection. When cross flow is prohibited, foam partially plugs the high permeability sand and diverts flow into the low permeability sandstone. The foam front moves through the low permeability region faster than in the high permeability region. P. 255
Internet Scrapbook: Automating Web Browsing Tasks by Programming-by-Demonstration. (1998)

This paper describes an intelligent Web browsing system, called Internet Scrapbook, which allows users with little programming skill to automate their repetitive browsing tasks using a programming-by-demonstration technique. With the system, the user can create a personal page by clipping only the necessary portions from multiple Web pages. Once the personal page is created, the system updates it on behalf of the user by extracting the specified parts from the latest Web pages.
Relative electron density calibration of CT scanners for radiotherapy treatment planning. (1999)

Several authors have reported data on the variation of Hounsfield numbers with electron density in CT scanners. The data can be fitted with a double straight line approach. For non-bone tissues (or phantom materials with similar atomic numbers) the data from all authors can be fitted to a single straight line. For bone-like materials the line varies between authors. The method used to measure electron density has a greater effect than the differences between scanners, or the kilovoltage used on a given scanner. The effect of variation of these slopes on the accuracy of radiotherapy treatment planning is analysed. For typical radiotherapy beams, to produce a 1% error in dosimetry would require errors of over 8% in bone electron density. Using a single pair of calibration lines for all the scanners reported would give dosimetric errors of under 0.8%. A formula is recommended as a default for use in planning systems in circumstances where no data are available for a particular scanner.
Theory of Coincidence in Coulter Particle Counters (1961)

Theoretical relations are developed for the effect of coincidence (simultaneous arrival of two or more particles in the sensing zone) on the observed particle count in a Coulter counter, a device for counting particles in liquid suspensions. Two limiting cases are treated: (a) two or more particles are seen as a particle whose volume is the total particle volume present, (b) two or more particles are seen as the largest particle present. The theory was tested experimentally with a ``monodisperse'' polystyrene latex. It is shown that absolute particle volumes may be obtained from the ratio of solids content to number of counts under certain conditions. Case (b) coincidence predominates. The apparent breadth of the particle-size distribution curves in the ``monodisperse'' latex was greater than expected.
Digital tomosynthesis: technique modifications and clinical applications for neurovascular anatomy. (1984)

Digital tomosynthesis studies (DTS) using a linear tomographic motion can provide good quality clinical images when combined with subtraction angiotomography. By modifying our hardware system and the computer software algorithms, we were able to reconstruct tomosynthesis images using an isocentric rotation (IR) motion. Since this is the motion used by C-arm and U-arm angiographic units, these modifications allow for the use of DTS studies in most modern angiographic suites at a reasonable cost. Applying a combination of linear tomographic and IR techniques in clinical cases, we performed DTS studies in six patients, five with aneurysms and one with a hypervascular tumor. The results showed detailed definitions of the pathologic entities and the regional neurovascular anatomy. Based on this early experience, DTS would seem to be a useful technique for the preoperative surgical planning of vascular abnormalities.
Discovery and Biological Evaluation of <i>N</i>-Methyl-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyridine-5-carboxamide Derivatives as JAK1-Selective Inhibitors (2021)

Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) plays a key role in most cytokine-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune responses through JAK/STAT signaling; thus, JAK1 inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for several diseases. Analysis of the binding modes of current JAK inhibitors to JAK isoforms allowed the design of <i>N</i>-alkyl-substituted 1-<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>b</i>] pyridine carboxamide as a JAK1-selective scaffold, and the synthesis of various methyl amide derivatives provided 4-((<i>cis</i>-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)-<i>N</i>-methyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyridine-5-carboxamide (<b>31g</b>) as a potent JAK1-selective inhibitor. In particular, the (<i>S</i>,<i>S)</i>-enantiomer of <b>31g</b> (<b>38a</b>) exhibited excellent potency for JAK1 and selectivity over JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. On investigating the effect of <b>31g</b> on hepatic fibrosis, it was found that it reduces the proliferation and fibrogenic gene expression of TGF-β-induced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Specifically, <b>31g</b> significantly inhibited TGF-β-induced migration of HSCs at 0.25 μM in wound-healing assays.
Design of Manufacturing Cells with the Converted Entropic Cluster Measure (1992)

Manufacturing cell formation is one of the most important problems faced in designing cellular manufacturing systems. The purpose of this study is to design effective manufacturing cell systems by developing a method which forms machines/parts into optimal machine cells/part families. The 0-1 data matrix structure is used to form a basis for manufacturing cell formation. In this paper, we propose a CE method to reorder the 0-1 data matrix for manufacturing cell formation. The resulting solutions are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the CE method.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after parenteral therapy with herbal extracts: a report of two cases (2000)

Two patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after repeated injection of extracts from several different plants are described. There was no evidence of prior infection or vaccination. Both patients recovered rapidly after treatment with methylprednisolone. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis should be considered a rare complication of parenteral therapy with herbal extracts.
Vaccination Against Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Miles to Go Before We Sleep (1994)

A high incidence of community–acquired hepatitis C virus infection that can lead to the progressive development of chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma occurs throughout the world. A vaccine to control the spread of this agent that represents a major cause of chronic liver disease is therefore needed. Seven chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) have been immunized with both putative envelope glycoproteins [E1 (gp33) and E2 (gp72)] that were copurified from HeLa cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expression vector. Despite the induction of a weak humoral immune response to these viral glycoproteins in experimentally infected chimpanzees, a strong humoral immune response was obtained in all vaccines. The five highest responders showed complete protection against an i.v. challenge with homologous hepatitis C virus 1. The remaining two vaccinees became infected, but both infection and disease may have been ameliorated in comparison with four similarly challenged control chimpanzees, all of which developed acute hepatitis and chronic infections. These results provide considerable encouragement for the eventual control of hepatitis C virus infection by vaccination.
A CMOS dual-mode RF front-end receiver for GSM and WCDMA (2004)

A dual-mode, triple-band RF front-end receiver for GSM900, DCS1800 and WCDMA is presented. Because the system concepts of GSM and WCDMA are totally different from the standards, the chip uses low-IF and zero-IF receiver architecture for GSM and WCDMA, respectively. This chip consists of three parallel LNAs and down-conversion mixers with on-chip LO I/Q generations. The receiver front-end has been implemented in a standard 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS process and consumes about 30-mA from a 2.7-V power supply for all modes. The measured double-side band noise figure and voltage gain are 3dB, 36dB for the GSM900, 5.9dB, 31dB for the DCS1800, and ?-dB, 17.2dB for the WCDMA, respectively.
Real-Time Estimation of Machining Error Caused by Vibrations of End Mill (2016)

The purpose of this study is to establish a method of estimating, in real time, the machining error caused by vibrations of the cutting point of an end mill. The vibration displacement at the shank of the end mill and the dynamic cutting force were measured during cutting tests while spindle speed was increased from medium to high. It was found that the vibration displacement at the cutting point at the moment when the radial direction of the cutting edge is normal to the feed direction showed a good agreement with the height of the machined surface at a spindle speed of 4500 rpm or less.
Expression of epstein‐barr virus‐encoded proteins and B‐cell markers in fatal infectious mononucleosis (1990)

We assessed 33 lymphoid tissues from 15 patients, including 7 with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) and 8 patients with sporadic fatal infectious mononucleosis (IM), to determine whether the cellular infiltrate had the immunophenotype and expressed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded proteins characteristic of either EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) or EBV-carrying Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells. The results of these studies revealed that in 13 cases the proliferating B cells were polyclonal, LCL-like, and in 2 cases they were monoclonal, malignant lymphoma-like.
[Preparation of long circulating mitoxantrone liposomes and its pharmacokinetics]. (2002)

Liposomes with high entrapping efficiency and small particle size could be prepared by ethanol injection combined with the ammonium sulphate gradients method, and the liposomes modified by PEG-DSPE could raise the AUC and prolonged the resident time of the drug in the blood circulating system.
Poisson’s Ratio in Composite Elastic Media with Rigid Rods (2010)

We calculate both the micromechanical response and bulk elastic constants of composites of rods embedded in elastic media. We find two fixed points for Poisson's ratio with respect to rod density: there is an unstable fixed point for Poisson's ratio =1/2 (an incompressible system) and a stable fixed point for Poisson's ratio =1/4 (a compressible system). We also derive approximate expressions for the elastic constants for arbitrary rod density, which agree with exact results for both low and high density. These results may help to explain recent experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 188303 (2009)10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.188303] that reported compressibility for composites of microtubules in filamentous actin networks.