gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fluidic voice communication system and data link (1980)

This thesis presents a comprehensive dynamic analysis of fluidic laminar proportional amplifiers (LPA) and a subsequent design of a broad-band voice communication system and narrow-band data link that demonstrates the utility of the analysis. Starting from first principles, the governing equations for the lumped parameter representation of the various flow regimes found in an LPA are derived. From these governing equations, in the Laplace domain, equivalent electrical circuits are derived. The input of the LPA is determined to have a fifth-order impedance. The transmission of the signal from input to output is delayed by a transport time, determined both phenomenologically and experimentally, to be twice the average particle transit time. A pressure is developed at the output that is dependent on the loading and the vent conditions. This pressure is acoustically fed back to the control region of the jet, augmenting jet deflection when in phase. The vent inductance has the effect of producing a low frequency hump on the Bode plot. The regions of enhanced gain correspond almost exactly to the edge-tone eigenfrequencies reported in the literature and as such the theory developed herein may be used to predict not only the ratios of eigen frequencies, but also their actual values.
Development of a Large-scale 3D MEMS Optical Switch Module (2003)

A three-dimensional (3D) micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) optical switch, consisting of twoaxis tilt mirror arrays and free-space optics, is a practical solution for constructing large-scale switching fabrics due to its high component density and low cost. The MEMS-mirror arrays developed by NTT are single-crystal silicon mirrors integrated with high-aspect ratio torsion springs and actuated by electrostatic forces. The free-space optics consist of low-cost high-precision polymer components assembled passively. A prototype module with 100-channel optical fiber input/output exhibited a low coupling loss of 4.0 dB and a switching time of 3 ms.
Progress in plant metabolic engineering (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A Hough transform based approach to polyline approximation of object boundaries (2003)

A technique is presented for obtaining a polygonal approximation of object contours directly from the edge images. The technique is based on a new formulation of the Hough transform (HT) for aggregation of edge points into line segments. The space requirement of the HT is brought down by considering a different parameterization of straight lines. In this method, the process of edge linking and boundary approximation are combined into a single algorithm. Consequently, the scheme is computationally more efficient than the classical boundary approximation techniques which require use of a separate edge linking algorithm. Experimental results highlight the effectiveness of this method for approximating object boundaries of polygonal as well as curved shapes present in the images of complex multi-object scenes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Methods for Neural Ensemble Recordings (2007)

In the last ten years neural ensemble recording grew into a well-respected and highly data-lucrative science. New experimental paradigms, including the fabrication of high-density microelectrodes, new surgical implantation techniques, multi-channel signal processing, and the establishment of direct real-time brain-machine interfaces, hold promise n
Permanent magnet brushless machines with unequal tooth widths and similar slot and pole numbers (2004)

The paper presents a comparative study of 3-phase permanent magnet brushless machines in which the slot and pole numbers are similar, with reference to conventional brushless dc machines in which the ratio of the slot number to pole number is usually 3:2. Three different motor designs are considered. Two have equal tooth widths, with one having a coil wound on every tooth and the other only having a coil wound on alternate teeth, while the third machine also has coils wound on alternate teeth but these are wider than the unwound teeth whilst the width of their tooth tips is almost equal to the rotor pole-pitch in order to maximize the flux-linkage and torque. Analytical and finite element methods are employed to predict the flux-linkage and back-emf waveforms, and the self- and mutual-inductances, and these are shown to be in good agreement with measured results. It is also shown that the third machine is eminently appropriate for brushless dc operation.
ACM SIGACT news distributed computing column 15 (2004)

The Distributed Computing Column covers the theory of systems that are composed of a number of interacting computing elements. These include problems of communication and networking, databases, distributed shared memory, multiprocessor architectures, operating systems, verification, Internet, and the Web. This issue contains two items: • An eulogy in memory of Shimon Even, who passed away on May 1st, 2004. He was a highly influential educator, and played a major role in establishing computer science education in Israel. He did pioneering work in various areas, including parallel and distributed computing. As Oded Goldreich says in his PODC 2004 proceedings eulogy, Shimon Even was a great scientist and a remarkable person. His attitudes toward research have influenced anybody who was fortunate to have an interaction with him, he always followed his own judgment and understanding, rather than the common trend or fashion. He sought simple solutions that uncover the essence of the problem. He spent much time seeking the best way to present his own work as well as the work of others in lectures and writing. This quote comes to mind, about having found a good problem to work on. <i>Not that I quite know indeed what situations the seeking fabulist does "find"; he seeks them enough assuredly, but he discoveries are, like those of the navigator, the chemist, the biologist, scarce more than alert recognitions. He comes upon the interesting thing as Columbus came upon the isle of San Salvador, because he had moved in the right direction for it---also because he knew, with the encounter, what "making land" then and there represented.</i> Henry James • The 2004 Gödel Prize is great news for the distributed computing community: it is shared between two journal papers that discovered a fundamental relation between distributed computing and topology, by Maurice Herlihy and Nir Shavit, and Michael Saks and Fotios Zaharoglou. To celebrate this, I am happy to present personal perspectives by the authors of these papers, and by Elizabeth Borowsky and Eli Gafni, that coauthored a third paper with the discovery, but only in a conference and hence not eligible for the prize. I include perspectives also by other people that produced seminal work on the same subject: Soma Chaudhuri and Shlomo Moran. The DISC conference is collocated this year with GETCO, a workshop on topological methods in concurrency and distributed computing. They will dedicate a joint session to celebrate the prize. Many thanks to the contributors of this issue.
Hydroxyapatite-coated femoral stems (1999)

We performed a histological and histomorphometric examination in five cadaver specimens of the femoral and acetabular components and the associated tissue which had been recovered between 3.3 and 6.2 years after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a proximal hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium alloy implant. All had functioned well during the patients’ life. All the stems were fixed in the femur and showed osseointegration of both the proximal and distal parts. The amount of residual HA was greatest in the distal metaphyseal sections, indicating that the rate of bone remodelling may be the main factor causing loss of HA. The level of activity of the patient was the only clinical factor which correlated with loss of coating. The percentage of bone-implant osseointegration was almost constant, regardless of the amount of HA residue, periprosthetic bone density or the time of implantation. HA debris was seldom observed and if present did not cause any adverse or inflammatory reaction. Partial debonding did occur in one case as a result of a polyethylene-induced inflammatory reaction.
Curving and Frustrating Flatland (2004)

Two polymer chains that occupy equal volumes when covalently linked together at one end self-assemble into an alternating lamellar morphology that has a characteristic period dictated by the molecular weight. When such copolymers are confined within alumina membranes that have cylindrical pores with diameters comparable to the repeat period, the interaction of the blocks with the confining walls and the imposed curvature induces a morphological transformation to relieve the constraints. Here, we show a lamella-to-toroid transition, captured through the dissolution of the surrounding membrane.
The therapeutic applications of multipotential mesenchymal/stromal stem cells in skeletal tissue repair (2008)

Four decades after the first isolation and characterization of clonogenic bone marrow stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the laboratory of Dr. Alexander Friedenstien, the therapeutic application of their progeny following ex vivo expansion are only now starting to be realized in the clinic. The multipotency, paracrine effects, and immune-modulatory properties of MSC present them as an ideal stem cell candidate for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In recent years it has come to light that MSC encompass plasticity that extends beyond the conventional bone, adipose, cartilage, and other skeletal structures, and has expanded to the differentiation of liver, kidney, muscle, skin, neural, and cardiac cell lineages. This review will specifically focus on the skeletal regenerative capacity of bone marrow derived MSC alone or in combination with growth factors, biocompatible scaffolds, and following genetic modification.
Influence of Enzyme Distribution on Endosperm Breakdown (Modification) during Malting (1985)

The development of endosperm-degrading enzymes and their patterns of release from the aleurone to the starchy endosperm were studied in mainly Klages barley. Enzyme development in the scutellum of the embryo was associated with aleurone contamination. The aleurone layers of excised endosperms produced α-amylase in the absence of growing embryos, suggesting that aleurone-free scutellar tissue of barley does not have the potential to synthesize and secrete significant levels of endosperm-degrading enzymes into the starchy endosperm of germinated barley. Spray steeping, in contrast to multiple steeping, reduced endosperm breakdown and increased β-D-glucan release and extract viscosity. Spray steeping also depressed the development of α-amylase, endo-β-1,3:1,4-glucanase, and pentosanase but encouraged development of endo-β-1,3-glucanase. Gibberellic acid was essential for optimal enzyme development and release. Even in the presence of gibberellic acid, however, a significant quantity of pentosanase was retained in the aleurone. Although spray steeping depressed the malting potential of Klages, preliminary studies showed that it encouraged the malting performances of Conquest and Bonanza barleys. Steeping methods determine malt quality by promoting optimal enzyme development and secretion into, and uniform hydration of, the starchy endosperm.
Exotoxins of Bacillus cereus Associated with Food Poisoning. (1996)

嘔吐および下痢を主症状とする2つのタイプに区別される Bacillus cereus による食中毒は, それぞれ本菌が産生する菌体外毒素によって引き起こされる。このうち嘔吐毒素は, 最近その本体が精製され, 構造や毒素の性状が明らかになってきた。これに対し現在までの下痢毒素についての研究では, 本体であるタンパクの分子量や活性などさまざまであり, 本菌が複数の種類の下痢毒素を産生している可能性も考えられる。本稿では, B. cereus が産生する食中毒原性毒素の研究の到達点と問題点を紹介する。
The response to short‐term intensive insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes (2009)

The clinical response to short-term IIT is variable, consistent with the heterogeneity of T2DM. However, preserved late-phase insulin secretion may identify those patients who can benefit from this intervention with improved beta-cell function.
Novel deployable reflectarray antennas for CubeSat communications (2015)

Two novel high gain deployable reflectarray antennas to support CubeSat telecommunications are described and compared with other high gain CubeSat antenna technologies. The first reflectarray is the Integrated Solar Array and Reflectarray Antenna (ISARA), a K/Ka-band antenna that also incorporates a dense packing of solar cells used to provide electrical power for the spacecraft. The second is an X-band reflectarray designed to provide a bent pipe telecom link. These reflectarrays are ideal for CubeSat applications because they require negligible stowed volume and impose a modest mass increase. The antenna designs and measured performance results are presented.
On the Orientation of Liquid Crystals by Monolayers of Amphiphilic Molecules (1981)

Abstract The orientation of nematic liquid crystals (LC) by monolayers of suitable amphiphilic compounds on solid substrates has been studied by systematic experiments using polarizing microscopy, magnetic Freedericksz‐transition, and contact angle measurements. Orientation is influenced mainly by the following parameters: 1. temperature; 2. physical properties of the substrate surface; 3. chemical properties of the substrate surface. Molecular models describing the orientating action of amphiphilic monolayers are developed and discussed in terms of the obtained quantitative results. Changes in LC orientation with film packing density and temperature can be understood as phase transitions of the system “amphiphilic monolayer + embedded LC”.
Compensation of intra-channel nonlinear fibre impairments using simplified digital back-propagation algorithm (2011)

We investigate a digital back-propagation simplification method to enable computationally-efficient digital nonlinearity compensation for a coherently-detected 112 Gb/s polarization multiplexed quadrature phase shifted keying transmission over a 1,600 km link (20 x 80 km) with no inline compensation. Through numerical simulation, we report up to 80% reduction in required back-propagation steps to perform nonlinear compensation, in comparison to the standard back-propagation algorithm. This method takes into account the correlation between adjacent symbols at a given instant using a weighted-average approach, and optimization of the position of nonlinear compensator stage to enable practical digital back-propagation.
[Preparation of verapamil hydrochloride core-in-cup tablets with double-pulsatile and multi-phasic release]. (2008)

To prepare verapamil hydrochloride (VH) core-in-cup tablets with tri-layered tablet and four-layered tablet as core tablets, separately, which can provide biphasic release with double-pulsatile and multi-phasic release, core tablets were prepared by direct compression method, and core-in-cup tablets by dry-compression coated technology. The parameter, time-lag (T(lag)), was used to evaluate the influence of factors, such as the weight of the top cover layer, the amount of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and the compression load on VH release. With the increase of the weight and HPMC amount of the top cover layer, the first lag time T(lag1) was prolonged. The second lag time T(lag2) of core-in-cup tablet with four-layered tablet as core tablet increased with the increasing amount of HPMC K100M. With the increase of compression load among the range (6 - 10 kg x cm(-2)), the two lag times were prolonged. Core-in-cup tablets with double-pulsatile and multi-phasic release released VH after the first lag time (4 -5 h), then kept sustained release for 12 h or 13 h, finally released rapidly. The drug in the core-in-cup tablet only released from the top cover layer. T(lag) is determined by the erosion rate of the inhibitor layers (the top cover layer and the sustained-release layer of the multi-layer core tablet).
Prognostic Value of Desaturation during a 6-Minute Walk Test in Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia (2003)

Exercise-induced hypoxia is an index of the severity of interstitial lung disease. We hypothesized that desaturation during a 6-minute walk test would predict mortality for patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (n = 83) and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (n = 22). Consecutive patients with biopsy-proven disease performed a 6-minute walk test between January 1996 and December 2001. Desaturation was defined as a fall in oxygen saturation to 88% or less during the 6-minute walk test. Desaturation was common (44 of 83 usual interstitial pneumonia and 8 of 22 nonspecific interstitial pneumonia; chi square, p = 0.39). Patients with usual interstitial pneumonia or nonspecific interstitial pneumonia who desaturated had a significantly higher mortality than patients who did not desaturate (respective log-rank tests, p = 0.0018, p = 0.0089). In patients with usual interstitial pneumonia, the presence of desaturation was associated with an increased hazard of death (hazard ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.40, 12.56; p = 0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, baseline diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, FVC, and resting saturation. We conclude that knowledge of desaturation during a 6-minute walk test adds prognostic information for patients with usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.
Mutations in the S4 domain of a pacemaker channel alter its voltage dependence (2000)

In an attempt to study the functional role of the positively charged amino acids present in the S4 segment of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels, we have introduced single and sequential amino acid replacements throughout this domain in the mouse type 2 HCN channel (mHCN2). Sequential neutralization of the first three positively charged amino acids resulted in cumulative shifts of the midpoint voltage activation constant towards more hyperpolarizing potentials. The contribution of each amino acid substitution was approximately -20 mV. Amino acid replacements to neutralize either the first (K291Q) or fourth (R300Q) positively charged amino acid resulted in the same shift (about 20 mV) towards more hyperpolarized potentials. Replacing the first positively charged amino acid with the negatively charged glutamic acid (K291E) produced a shift of approximately -50 mV in the same direction. None of the above amino acid substitutions had any measurable effect on the time course of channel activation. This suggests that the S4 domain of HCN channels critically controls the voltage dependence of channel opening but is not involved in regulating activation kinetics. No channel activity was detected in mutants with neutralization of the last six positively charged amino acids from the S4 domain, suggesting that these amino acids cannot be altered without impairing channel function.
Hardware Accelerated Collision Detection - An Architecture and Simulation Results (2005)

We present a hardware architecture for a single-chip acceleration of an efficient hierarchical collision detection algorithm as well as simulation results for collision queries using this architecture. The architecture consists of two main stages, one for traversing simultaneously a hierarchy of discretely oriented polytopes, and one for intersecting triangles. Within each stage, the architecture is deeply pipelined and parallelized. For the first stage, we compare and evaluate different traversal schemes for bounding volume hierarchies. A simulation in VHDL shows that a hardware implementation can offer a speed-up over a software implementation by orders of magnitude. Thus, real-time collision detection of complex objects at rates required by force feedback and physically based simulations can be achieved.
Effect of Sludge Concentration and Crude Glycerol Matrix as a Substrate on the Production of Single-Cell Oil by Oleaginous Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica SKY7 (2018)

The disposal of excess crude glycerol produced by the booming biodiesel industry and wastewater sludge solid waste has become a severe problem, and alternate routes of use and valorization of these waste byproducts are needed. The use of cheaply available wastewater sludge solids in fermentation media is very much desirable to reduce the cost of production. The strains of Yarrowia lipolytica can assimilate a wide array of waste substrates, such as crude glycerol, waste cooking oil, starch wastewater, and cellulosic. This study optimized the concentration of wastewater sludge solids (5–35 g/L) to be used with crude glycerol in fermentation media to produce microbial oil as feedstock for biodiesel production. The results indicated that 20 g/L of sludge solids with 40 g/L of crude glycerol resulted in highest lipid content of 29.35% in 96 h. Further, assuming wet extraction of lipids, it was found that at least 11.2% or higher lipid content is required for this process to have an overall positive net solid waste reduction. Insignificant inhibition was observed by the crude glycerol used in this study as compared to pure glycerol, which proves it to be an adequate source of carbon substrate for lipid production.
Smartphone and Smartwatch for Human Activity Recognition (2021)

Human activity recognition (HAR) systems are developed as aspect of a model to allow continual assessment of human behaviors in IoT environments in the areas of ambient assisted living, sports injury detection, elderly care, rehabilitation, and entertainment and close monitoring. Smartphones are already used to recognize activity. Most of the research done in this field placed a restriction on fixing the smartphone securely in a certain location on the human body, along with the machine learning system, to promote the process of classifying raw data from smartphone sensors to human activities. Smartwatches solve this limitation by placing them in a consistent position, which becomes steady and precisely sensitive to body movements. For this experiment, we evaluate both the accelerometer and the gyroscope sensor on the smartphone and the smartwatch, and decide which sensors hybrid does superiorly. Five daily physical human activities are evaluated using five classifiers from WEKA, in addition to Artificial Neural Network (ANN), K- Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms builtin MATLAB 2018a. We used confusion matrix and random simulation to compare the accuracy and efficiency of those models. The results showed that the accelerometer sensors combination has the highest accuracy among other combinations and achieved an overall accuracy of 97.7% using SVM that gives the best performance among all other classifiers.
Wireless network deployment in the smart grid: Design and evaluation issues (2012)

The projected use of the power grid for "smart" applications such as advanced metering and distributed automation will require highly reliable, secure, well designed and managed communication networks. While many of the benefits of wireless communications, such as untethered access to information, support for mobility, and reduced infrastructure, would be available to the grid, there are still a number of unanswered questions regarding network performance, suitability, and security. In this article, we introduce the communication requirements that have been established for these applications thus far. Throughout, we highlight the implications of wireless deployment as it relates specifically to the smart grid and we identify key issues that must be considered when evaluating a wireless technology against the communication requirements.