gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on glucose and lipid metabolism in cirrhosis. (1991)

Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were evaluated in eight clinically stable cirrhotic patients and in 12 controls. OGTT was normal in cirrhotics but plasma insulin response was increased approximately twofold compared with controls. Subjects received a three-step (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mU/kg.min) euglycemic insulin clamp with indirect calorimetry, [6-3H]-glucose, and [1-14C]-palmitate. During the two highest insulin infusion steps glucose uptake was impaired (3.33 +/- 0.31 vs. 5.06 +/- 0.40 mg/kg.min, P less than 0.01, and 6.09 +/- 0.50 vs. 7.95 +/- 0.52 mg/kg.min, P less than 0.01). Stimulation of glucose oxidation by insulin was normal; in contrast, nonoxidative glucose disposal (i.e., glycogen synthesis) was markedly reduced. Fasting (r = -0.553, P less than 0.01) and glucose-stimulated (r = -0.592, P less than 0.01) plasma insulin concentration correlated inversely with the severity of insulin resistance. Basal hepatic glucose production was normal in cirrhotics and suppressed normally with insulin. In postabsorptive state, plasma FFA conc (933 +/- 42 vs. 711 +/- 44 mumol/liter, P less than 0.01) and FFA turnover (9.08 +/- 1.20 vs. 6.03 +/- 0.53 mumol/kg.min, P less than 0.01) were elevated in cirrhotics despite basal hyperinsulinemia; basal FFA oxidation was similar in cirrhotic and control subjects. With low-dose insulin infusion, plasma FFA oxidation and turnover failed to suppress normally in cirrhotics. During the two higher insulin infusion steps, all parameters of FFA metabolism suppressed normally. In summary, stable cirrhotic patients with normal glucose tolerance exhibit marked insulin resistance secondary to the impaired nonoxidative glucose disposal. Our results suggest that chronic hyperinsulinism may be responsible for the insulin resistance observed in cirrhosis.
Design of a novel DRFM jamming system based on AFB-SFB (2013)

In research of Electronic Countermeasure (ECM) recently, Jamming source based on Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) technology and digital channelization technology has attracted more attention. This paper schemes out a novel DRFM jamming system structure, which implementing the channelized receiving with Analysis Filter Bank (AFB) and the modulated signal reconstruction with Synthesis Filter Bank (SFB). Jamming information modulation is carried out in an optimized way with improved Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) of the generated signal. Simulation results have verified the validity of this scheme. Keywords: Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM), Analysis Filter Bank (AFB), Synthesis Filter Bank (SFB), deceptive jamming.
Chronic Dermatomycoses of the Foot as Risk Factors for Acute Bacterial Cellulitis of the Leg: A Case-Control Study (2004)

Tinea pedis and onychomycosis were found to be significant risk factors for acute bacterial cellulitis of the leg that are readily amenable to treatment with effective pharmacological therapy.
Li Ion Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes Based on Ionic Liquid/PVDF-HFP Blends (2007)

Ionic liquids thermodynamically compatible with Li metal are very promising for applications to rechargeable lithium batteries. 1-methyl-3-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (P(13)TFSI) is screened out as a particularly promising ionic liquid in this study. Dimensionally stable, elastic, flexible, nonvolatile polymer gel electrolytes (PGEs) with high electrochemical stabilities, high ionic conductivities and other desirable properties have been synthesized by dissolving Li imide salt (LiTFSI) in P(13)TFSI ionic liquid and then mixing the electrolyte solution with poly(vinylidene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) copolymer. Adding small amounts of ethylene carbonate to the polymer gel electrolytes dramatically improves the ionic conductivity, net Li ion transport concentration, and Li ion transport kinetics of these electrolytes. They are thus favorable and offer good prospects in the application to rechargeable Li batteries including open systems like Li/air batteries, as well as more "conventional" rechargeable lithium and lithium ion batteries.
Ets1 Induces Dysplastic Changes When Expressed in Terminally-Differentiating Squamous Epidermal Cells (2009)

Collectively, our data reveal that upregulation of Ets1 can be an early event that promotes pre-neoplastic changes in epidermal tissues via its regulation of key genes driving growth and invasion. Thus, the Ets1 oncogene may be important for oncogenic processes in both early and late stages of tumor development.
Learning Signaling Network Structures with Sparsely Distributed Data (2009)

Flow cytometric measurement of signaling protein abundances has proved particularly useful for elucidation of signaling pathway structure. The single cell nature of the data ensures a very large dataset size, providing a statistically robust dataset for structure learning. Moreover, the approach is easily scaled to many conditions in high throughput. However, the technology suffers from a dimensionality constraint: at the cutting edge, only about 12 protein species can be measured per cell, far from sufficient for most signaling pathways. Because the structure learning algorithm (in practice) requires that all variables be measured together simultaneously, this restricts structure learning to the number of variables that constitute the flow cytometer's upper dimensionality limit. To address this problem, we present here an algorithm that enables structure learning for sparsely distributed data, allowing structure learning beyond the measurement technology's upper dimensionality limit for simultaneously measurable variables. The algorithm assesses pairwise (or n-wise) dependencies, constructs "Markov neighborhoods" for each variable based on these dependencies, measures each variable in the context of its neighborhood, and performs structure learning using a constrained search.
Effects of Phenolic Constituents from the Mulberry Tree on Arachidonate Metabolism in Rat Platelets (1986)

The effects of various phenolic compounds isolated from the rootbark of the mulberry tree on rat platelet cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products formed from (1-14C)arachiodonic acid were studied. Kuwanons G and H, sanggenon C, and mulberrofuran Q at concentrations of 10(-3) to 10(-4)M inhibited the formation of 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and thromboxane B2 (cyclooxygenase products); however, they increased the formation of 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) (a lipoxygenase product). Sanggenon D and mulberrofuran J at concentration of 10(-3)M inhibited the formation of HHT, thromboxane B2, and 12-HETE. Mulberrofuran G at a concentration of 10(-3)M inhibited the formation of HHT, thromboxane B2, and 12-HETE, while at 10(-5)M, it inhibited the formation of 12-HETE without affecting the formations of HHT and thromboxane B2. Kuwanon M and mulberroside A did not affect arachidonate metabolism in rat platelets.
Microarray analysis suggests that burn injury results in mitochondial dysfunction in human skeletal muscle (2009)

Burn injuries to extensive areas of the body are complicated by muscle catabolism. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that mediate this catabolism may facilitate the development of a medical intervention. Here, we assessed the functional classification of genes that were differentially expressed in skeletal muscle following burn injury in 19 children (5.2+/-4.0 years of age), (64+/-15% total burn surface area, TBSA) relative to 13 healthy controls (11.9+/-6.0 years of age). Microarray analysis of samples taken within 10 days of burn injury revealed altered expression of a variety of genes, including some involved in cell and organelle organization and biogenesis, stress response, wound response, external stimulus response, regulation of apoptosis and intracellular signaling. The genes that encode peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs; 3 isotypes PPARalpha, PPARgamma and PPARdelta also known as PPARbeta or PPARbeta/delta), which may serve as transcriptional nodal points and therapeutic targets for metabolic syndromes, were among those affected. In particular, expression of the main mitochondrial biogenesis factor PPARgamma-1beta (or PGC-1beta) was downregulated (P<0.0001), while the expression of PPARdelta was upregulated (P<0.001). Expression of PGC-1alpha, the closest homolog of PGC-1beta was upregulated (P=0.0037), and expression of the gene encoding mitochodrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was also upregulated (P=0.008). These results suggest that altered PPAR and mitochondrial gene expression soon after burn injury may lead to metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in human skeletal muscle.
The immunologic significance of variation within malaria circumsporozoite protein sequences. (1989)

We have previously suggested that variation within the circumsporozoite protein of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was the result of selection by immune T cells. Our hypothesis has been supported by experiments documenting a lack of cross-reactivity between variant peptides from the C-terminal region for murine T cells primed by 7G8-specific sequences. Now, by using a murine model we have found that peptides representing variant regions (amino acid residues 326-343 and 361-380) of two other parasite clones (Wel and LE5) are also immunodominant for murine T cells. However, there were distinct changes in response profiles. For example, whereas lymph node cells from H-2d and H mice immunized with peptides from the 326-343 region of all three variants proliferated in vitro after homologous challenge, only lymph node cells from H-2b mice immunized with LE5 peptide proliferate after homologous challenge. In contrast, only LE5 did not induce lymphoproliferation against homologous challenge in the H-2s background. These data suggest that the naturally occurring substitutions affect agretopic (i.e., Ia). Peptides from all variants representing the 361-380 domain were recognized only by T cells from H-2k mice. Also, in nearly all cases, T cells primed by one sequence did not recognize variant sequences. The immunodominance of these domains from three different clones and the lack of significant cross-reactivity further supports the hypothesis that variation is the result of T cell immune pressure.
Evidence for Protection against Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Chimpanzees by Immunization with Replicating Recombinant Vaccinia Virus (2008)

Given the failures of nonreplicating vaccines against chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we hypothesized that a replicating viral vector may provide protective immunity. Four chimpanzees were immunized transdermally twice with recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVV) expressing HCV genes. After challenge with 24 50% chimpanzee infective doses of homologous HCV, the two control animals that had received only the parental VV developed chronic HCV infection. All four immunized animals resolved HCV infection. The difference in the rate of chronicity between the immunized and the control animals was close to statistical significance (P = 0.067). Immunized animals developed vigorous gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot responses and moderate proliferative responses. To investigate cross-genotype protection, the immunized recovered chimpanzees were challenged with a pool of six major HCV genotypes. During the acute phase after the multigenotype challenge, all animals had high-titer viremia in which genotype 4 dominated (87%), followed by genotype 5 (13%). However, after fluctuating low-level viremia, the viremia finally turned negative or persisted at very low levels. This study suggests the potential efficacy of replicating recombinant vaccinia virus-based immunization against chronic HCV infection.
Hormone concentrations and ovulatory response in rats treated with antiprogestagens (1991)

Administration of antiprogestagens (2 mg/day) to female rats for 21 days induces high serum prolactin levels. These levels stimulate luteal progesterone production and an increase in ovarian weight. Compared with RU486 (mifepristone) the increase in prolactin is less after treatment with ZK299 (onapristone), an antiprogestagen with lower antiglucocorticoid activity. To study whether cyclic ovulations occur in rats treated with antiprogestagens, 5-day cyclic rats were given daily injections of RU486 or ZK299 (2 mg) from metoestrus (day 1) to pro-oestrus. This treatment advanced the forthcoming ovulation by 1 day; however, the ovulation rate was low. Injection of 10 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin on the afternoon of pro-oestrus (day 3) increased the ovulation rate, but not to the level found in oil-treated rats. Serum LH concentrations measured from metoestrus to oestrus at 10.00 and 17.00 h were higher in antiprogestagen- than in oil-treated rats from day 2 (17.00 h) onwards. A low preovulatory LH surge was found in antiprogestagen-treated rats on the afternoon of pro-oestrus (day 3). Ovarian histology at the day of oestrus (day 4) confirmed the presence of a low LH surge as, besides ruptured follicles, unruptured follicles with dispersion of cumulus cells were present. The pro-oestrus surge of prolactin was also advanced by 24 h. The magnitude, however, was not different from that in oil-treated rats at day 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Computing Architecture For Telerobots In Earth Orbit (1987)

Based on generic operational and computational requirements associated with the control of telerobots in Earth orbit, a multibus-based distributed but integrated computing architecture is proposed. An experimental system of that kind under development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is briefly described. It uses Intel Multibus I at both control station and remote robot (telerobot) computing nodes. NS32000 series CPU boards constitute the processing elements of each node. An essential element within each multibus is a Unified (or Universal) Computer Control Subsystem (UCCS) for telerobot and control station motor components. The two multibus-based computing nodes can be linked by parallel or high speed serial links for real-time data transmission and for closing the real-time bilateral (force-reflecting) control loop between telerobot and control station. The experimental system is briefly commented, followed by a brief discussion of future development plans and possibilities.
A New Horizon Of Proteomics In Korea (2003)

the opportunity to describe proteomics research in Korea
Liquid-Crystalline Mesophases of Plasmid DNA in Bacteria (1994)

Bacterial plasmids may often reach a copy number larger than 1000 per cell, corresponding to a total amount of DNA that may exceed the amount of DNA within the bacterial chromosome. This observation highlights the problem of cellular accommodation of large amounts of closed-circular nucleic acids, whose interwound conformation offers negligible DNA compaction. As determined by x-ray scattering experiments conducted on intact bacteria, supercoiled plasmids segregate within the cells into dense clusters characterized by a long-range order. In vitro studies performed at physiological DNA concentrations indicated that interwound DNA spontaneously forms liquid crystalline phases whose macroscopic structural properties are determined by the features of the molecular supercoiling. Because these features respond to cellular factors, DNA supercoiling may provide a sensitive regulatory link between cellular parameters and the packaging modes of interwound DNA in vivo.
Mechanical Properties of Metallic Composites (1993)

Provides coverage of dispersion-hardened and fibre-reinforced alloys, addressing principal mechanisms, processing and applications. Mechanical behaviour based on dislocation theory and elastic-plastic mechanics is dealt with and data on advanced composites are provided.
Does thickness matter (2014)

UT-DSAEK is a procedure that shares the improved visual outcome and lower immunologic rejection rate of DMEK over DSAEK, while minimizing all types of postoperative complications. In addition, similar to DSAEK and unlike DMEK, UT-DSAEK can be performed in all types of eyes, even in those with complicated anatomy or poor anterior chamber visualization.
5'-flanking motifs control cell-specific expression of trefoil factor genes (TFF). (1998)

A group of secreted peptides (trefoil factor family; TFF) is abundantly expressed at mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract and promote epithelial restitution. They are upregulated around areas of epithelial damage, ulceration and neoplasia. The transcriptional regulation of the three human TFF genes was assayed by multiplex RT-PCR and reporter gene analysis in 8 gastrointestinal carcinoma cell lines. The level of endogenous mRNA matched well the reporter gene activity of all TFFs, indicating that the cis-acting elements located less than 1,000 bp upstream of the TATAA box account for cell-specific gene expression. In HT-29, the endogenous TFF expression profile changed in relation to cell growth conditions. Deletion and mutation analysis of TFF promoter constructs revealed enhancing elements shared within the three TFF promoters that were shown to bind nuclear proteins. Thus such specific DNA-protein interaction may explain the TFF peptides' cell specific expression pattern and altered levels in pathological conditions.
Synthesis and Structure of Titanatranes Containing Tetradentate Trianionic Donor Ligands of the Type [(O-2,4-R<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>-6-CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)]N<sup>3-</sup> and Their Use in Catalysis for Ethylene Polymerization (2007)

Syntheses and structural characterizations of various titanatranes containing bis(aryloxo)ethanolamine ligands of the type [(O-2,4-R2C6H2-6-CH2)2(OCH2CH2)]N3- (R = Me, tBu) have been explored. The reaction of [(HO-2,4-Me2C6H2-6-CH2)2(HOCH2CH2)]N with Ti(OR')4 in toluene afforded dimeric titanatranes, Ti2(OR')2{[(O-2,4-Me2C6H2-6-CH2)2(μ2-OCH2CH2)]N}2 [R' = iPr (1a), tBu (1b)], in high yields. Crystallographic analyses of 1a,b indicate that these complexes have a distorted octahedral geometry around Ti, and the O atom in the alkoxo ligand is coordinated to two Ti atoms. The similar reactions of [(HO-2,4-tBu2C6H2-6-CH2)2(HOCH2CH2)]N with Ti(OR')4 afforded the monomeric titanatranes Ti(OR')[(O-2,4-tBu2C6H2-6-CH2)2(OCH2CH2)]N (2a,b) in high yields; these complexes have a rather distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure around Ti consisting of a plane formed by two aryloxo and one alkoxo ligand and an N−Ti−O (in OtBu) axis determined by the X-ray crystallographic analyses. The reaction of 1a,b with 2.0 equiv of AlMe3 (1.0 equiv per Ti) in toluene gave the Ti−Me complexes coordinated to Me2Al(OR'), {TiMe[(O-2,4-Me2C6H2-6-CH2)2(μ2-OCH2CH2)N]}[Me2Al(μ2-OR')] [R' = iPr (3a), tBu (3b)], in exclusive yields, and these complexes were identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, elemental analyses, and X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1a and 2b exhibited moderate catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization at 100−120 °C in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO), and the activity increased upon the addition of a small amount of AlMe3. Similar catalytic activities were observed by using 3a,b in the presence of MAO, affording high molecular weight polyethylene with unimodal molecular weight distributions. Ethylene polymerization in octane by 3b took place without additional cocatalyst at 120 °C with moderate catalytic activity (94 kg PE/mol Ti·h), affording high molecular weight polymer with unimodal distribution (Mw = 1.00 × 106, Mw/Mn = 2.58). The result clearly suggests that the cationic species formed by cleavage of the Ti−O bonds plays an important role as the active species for the polymerization.
Friction-stir welding of AA6061-T6: The effects of Al2O3 nano-particles addition (2019)

In the present work, attempts were made to fabricate Al-based nanocomposites by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process. Al2O3 nanoparticles were added into the aluminum matrix for refining the microstructure of the nugget zone (NZ) and to restrict the growth of granularly in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The effects of Al2O3 nanoparticles addition on the grains structure evolution and various mechanical behavior of friction stir welded aluminum matrix was studied and elaborated in detail. The findings revealed that the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles resulted in remarkable refining of grains in the nugget zone due to pinning effect produced by nano-sized Al2O3 particles which prevent the grain growth followed by recrystallization during FSW, leading to a remarkable reduction in grain size. A significant increment in tensile strength, micro-hardness and wear properties compared to sample without nanoparticles under the same operating conditions is attributed to nano-sized Al2O3 particles addition in the nugget zone. Also, the samples joined with rotating and transverse velocities of 2000 rpm and 70/80 mm/min showed higher tensile properties. However, the employment of single FSW pass resulted in an unusual Al2O3 nanoparticles distribution and void initiation at the interface between Al-matrix and Al2O3 nanoparticles in the heat-affected zone resulted in the sudden premature fracture of the specimen during tensile loading.
Effects of Air Velocity, Air Gap Thickness and Configuration on Heat Transfer of a Wearable Convective Cooling System (2015)

The effects of air velocity, air-gap thickness and configuration on heat transfer of a wearable convective cooling system were modeled using a 2-D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. Three different configurations, one with eight 1 cm fans (8 × 1 model); one with four 2 cm fans (4 × 2 model); and one with four 1 cm fans (4 × 1 model) were studied at different inlet air velocities of 0.25 m/s, 0.5 m/s, 0.75 m/s and 1.0 m/s and with air gaps of 3 mm, 7 mm and 11 mm. The simulations showed that the convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients varied with a power function of inlet air velocity, but the exponent was larger than reported in the literature. At lower air velocities, the heat transfer coefficients increased as the gap between the skin and the undergarment widened. At higher inlet air velocities, 3 mm and 11 mm air gaps showed the highest heat transfer values. The ratios of the heat transfer coefficients of the 8 × 1 and 4 × 2 models to the 4 × 1 models were both less than 2 indicating that doubling the inlet airflow does not double the heat transfer capability. The ratios of convective to evaporative heat transfer coefficients were around 8.63 K/kPa (SD 0.25 K/kPa), and were independent on the air velocity and configurations of the cooling system, suggesting that convective and evaporative heat transfer are fully coupled. This ratio also shows that the vapor permeability index of our system is around 0.52. Using slightly larger fans should be more effective in enhancing heat transfer than using more fans.