gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Innovation for Competitiveness in Brazil (2014)

This article summarizes a recent World Bank study that examined how Brazil can improve its competitiveness in the global economy by strengthening innovation. The study, based on fieldwork undertaken in 2006/2007, found that Brazil has not taken sufficient advantage of knowledge that can be acquired from abroad; that it trails its counterparts in providing a quality education and skills to use and to create knowledge; and that it has relied too heavily on government leadership to foster major innovation, while overlooking the more cost-effective approach of pushing the private sector to undertake incremental innovation and to increase productivity throughout the economy. It details specific steps than need to be undertaken to better prepare workers and firms to innovate and compete
Stock Evaluation Using a Preference Disaggregation Methodology (1999)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a real application of a multicriteria decision aid (MCDA) approach to portfolio selection based on preference disaggregation, using ordinal regression and linear programming (UTADIS method; UTilités Additives DIScriminantes). The additive utility functions that are derived through this approach have the extrapolation ability that any new alternative (share) can be easily evaluated and classified into one of several user‐predefined groups. The procedure is illustrated with a case study of 98 stocks from the Athens stock exchange, using 15 criteria. The results are encouraging, indicating that the proposed methodology could be used as a tool for the analysis of the portfolio managers' preferences and choices. Furthermore, the comparison with multiple discriminant analysis (either using a stepwise procedure or not) illustrates the superiority of the proposed methodology over a well‐known multivariate statistical technique that has been extensively used to study financial decision‐making problems.
Negative Allosteric Modulation of the mGluR5 Receptor Reduces Repetitive Behaviors and Rescues Social Deficits in Mouse Models of Autism (2012)

Neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and fragile X syndrome were long thought to be medically untreatable, on the assumption that brain dysfunctions were immutably hardwired before diagnosis. Recent revelations that many cases of autism are caused by mutations in genes that control the ongoing formation and maturation of synapses have challenged this dogma. Antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5), which modulate excitatory neurotransmission, are in clinical trials for fragile X syndrome, a major genetic cause of intellectual disabilities. About 30% of patients with fragile X syndrome meet the diagnostic criteria for autism. Reasoning by analogy, we considered the mGluR5 receptor as a potential target for intervention in autism. We used BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mice, an established model with robust behavioral phenotypes relevant to the three diagnostic behavioral symptoms of autism--unusual social interactions, impaired communication, and repetitive behaviors--to probe the efficacy of a selective negative allosteric modulator of the mGluR5 receptor, GRN-529. GRN-529 reduced repetitive behaviors in three cohorts of BTBR mice at doses that did not induce sedation in control assays of open field locomotion. In addition, the same nonsedating doses reduced the spontaneous stereotyped jumping that characterizes a second inbred strain of mice, C58/J. Further, GRN-529 partially reversed the striking lack of sociability in BTBR mice on some parameters of social approach and reciprocal social interactions. These findings raise the possibility that a single targeted pharmacological intervention may alleviate multiple diagnostic behavioral symptoms of autism.
Concepts in Imaging and Microscopy: Color Image Processing for Microscopy (1998)

Digital image analysis has long been applied to monochrome images from the light microscope. Using these techniques one can locate, measure, identify, and count the objects of interest in a microscope field of view. Since microscope images often contain color information of interest, it is now becoming more common to analyze the spectral content of images as well. Although most of the digital imaging techniques developed for monochrome microscopy work well with color images, there are a few considerations specific to the analysis of multispectral imagery. These include obtaining a properly balanced multicolor digital image, specifying the color components of the image, and compensating for imperfect separation among the color channels.
A reconfigurable radio case study: a software based multi-standard transceiver for UMTS, GSM, EDGE and Bluetooth (2002)

As cellular communications evolves towards 3G and beyond, the software radio approach will become central in coping with the multitude of problems that the coexistence of multiple standards poses. A concrete case study of the application of the software radio approach in multi-standard transceiver design is described. This case study consists of a multi mode GSM/EDGE/UMTS/Bluetooth modulation/demodulation testbed. The proposed approach extends the action of DSP processors beyond simple or low rate baseband digital processing transceiver functions, which is current practice, to high rate baseband functions and even a part of the IF processing (e.g., frequency conversion). Implementation, performance and system quality aspects are discussed.
Domain Transfer Multiple Kernel Learning (2011)

Cross-domain learning methods have shown promising results by leveraging labeled patterns from the auxiliary domain to learn a robust classifier for the target domain which has only a limited number of labeled samples. To cope with the considerable change between feature distributions of different domains, we propose a new cross-domain kernel learning framework into which many existing kernel methods can be readily incorporated. Our framework, referred to as Domain Transfer Multiple Kernel Learning (DTMKL), simultaneously learns a kernel function and a robust classifier by minimizing both the structural risk functional and the distribution mismatch between the labeled and unlabeled samples from the auxiliary and target domains. Under the DTMKL framework, we also propose two novel methods by using SVM and prelearned classifiers, respectively. Comprehensive experiments on three domain adaptation data sets (i.e., TRECVID, 20 Newsgroups, and email spam data sets) demonstrate that DTMKL-based methods outperform existing cross-domain learning and multiple kernel learning methods.
Gastric emptying in myotonic dystrophy (2002)

Patients with MD suffering from nausea, vomiting and early satiety, displayed a slow gastric emptying. Treatment with erythromycin had only moderate effect on gastric emptying or gastric symptoms, but reduced diarrhoea in a majority of the patients.
p300 regulates p53-dependent apoptosis after DNA damage in colorectal cancer cells by modulation of PUMA/p21 levels (2004)

Activation of the tumor suppressor p53 by DNA damage induces either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, but what determines the choice between cytostasis and death is not clear. In this report, we show that the E1A-binding p300 nucleoprotein is a key determinant of p53-dependent cell fate in colorectal cancer cells: absence of p300 increases apoptosis in response to DNA damage. In addition, p300-deficient (p300(-)) cells fail to undergo G(1)/S arrest after UV irradiation. These abnormalities are associated with prolongation of p53 stability, reduced p53-acetylation, blunting of MDM2 activation, failure to transactivate p21, and a disproportionate increase in PUMA levels. When xenografted, p300(-) cells are more sensitive to chemotherapy with doxorubicin. These results show that p300 is a key regulator of the p53 response and suggest that p300 inhibition could be used to modulate chemotherapy.
Managing and pricing service level agreements for differentiated services (2003)

We present an approach to managing and pricing service level agreements (SLA) for differentiated services that uses a simple upper bound for the effective bandwidth of the conforming traffic as a proxy for resource usage. The bound depends on the user's traffic profile (peak rate and token bucket descriptor). Usage charges for a specific time period are proportional to this proxy, and their calculation requires only measurements of volume. We discuss and present experimental results regarding the incentives and fairness of the proxy, which is required in order to achieve economic efficiency. An important feature of our approach is the simplicity of the user's procedure for selecting optimal token bucket parameters. Our approach is quite generic and can be applied to scheduling disciplines that enable the provision of multiple service classes with different levels of performance. Finally, we present a case study for two service classes, real-time and non-real-time, with actual Internet traces.
Activated Polyamine Catabolism Depletes Acetyl-CoA Pools and Suppresses Prostate Tumor Growth in TRAMP Mice (2004)

The enzyme spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) regulates the catabolism and export of intracellular polyamines. We have previously shown that activation of polyamine catabolism by conditional overexpression of SSAT has antiproliferative consequences in LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells. Growth inhibition was causally linked to high metabolic flux arising from a compensatory increase in polyamine biosynthesis. Here we examined the in vivo consequences of SSAT overexpression in a mouse model genetically predisposed to develop prostate cancer. TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate) female C57BL/6 mice carrying the SV40 early genes (T/t antigens) under an androgen-driven probasin promoter were cross-bred with male C57BL/6 transgenic mice that systemically overexpress SSAT. At 30 weeks of age, the average genitourinary tract weights of TRAMP mice were approximately 4 times greater than those of TRAMP/SSAT bigenic mice, and by 36 weeks, they were approximately 12 times greater indicating sustained suppression of tumor outgrowth. Tumor progression was also affected as indicated by a reduction in the prostate histopathological scores. By immunohistochemistry, SV40 large T antigen expression in the prostate epithelium was the same in TRAMP and TRAMP/SSAT mice. Consistent with the 18-fold increase in SSAT activity in the TRAMP/SSAT bigenic mice, prostatic N(1)-acetylspermidine and putrescine pools were remarkably increased relative to TRAMP mice, while spermidine and spermine pools were minimally decreased due to a compensatory 5-7-fold increase in biosynthetic enzymes activities. The latter led to heightened metabolic flux through the polyamine pathway and an associated approximately 70% reduction in the SSAT cofactor acetyl-CoA and a approximately 40% reduction in the polyamine aminopropyl donor S-adenosylmethionine in TRAMP/SSAT compared with TRAMP prostatic tissue. In addition to elucidating the antiproliferative and metabolic consequences of SSAT overexpression in a prostate cancer model, these findings provide genetic support for the discovery and development of specific small molecule inducers of SSAT as a novel therapeutic strategy targeting prostate cancer.
Effect of H-7 on Secondary Cataract After Phacoemulsification in the Live Rabbit Eye (2010)

Intravitreal H-7 (1,200 μM) significantly inhibits Soemmering's ring formation in the live rabbit eye, suggesting that agents that inhibit the actomyosin system in cells may prevent secondary cataract after phacoemulsification.
TRAPATT's: High Power Devices for Wide Pulse and CW Microwave Applications (1977)

Single large diameter ring structure TRAPATT diodes on diamond heat sinks have yielded power outputs of up to 63 W with 30-35-percent efficiency at 1.73 GHz when operated with 50-µs pulsewidths and at a 1-percent duty factor. CW power outputs of up to 8.3 W at 1.6 GHz have also been obtained. Microwave performance data, diode fabrication procedures, circuit techniques, and a failure analysis are reported.
Regulation of UHRF1 by miR‐146a/b modulates gastric cancer invasion and metastasis (2013)

Epigenetic changes play significant roles in the development of cancer. UHRF1, as an epigenetic regulator, has been shown to be overexpressed and to coordinate tumor suppressor gene silencing in several cancers. However, the role and underlying mechanism of UHRF1 in gastric cancer (GC) progression remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of UHRF1 in GC metastasis and explored its upstream regulatory mechanisms at the microRNA level. UHRF1 was overexpressed in GC tissues, especially in metastatic ones, and a high level of UHRF1 expression predicted poor survival. The down-regulation of UHRF1 suppressed GC invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We identified and verified miR-146a and miR-146b as direct upstream regulators of UHRF1. Furthermore, the restoration of miR-146a/b dramatically reduced the expression of UHRF1 through the direct targeting of its 3'-UTR, and this effect in turn reactivated the slit homologue 3 (Slit3), cadherin 4 (CDH4), and runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) genes via promoter demethylation. Finally, analyses of miR-146a/b and UHRF1 levels in human GC tissues revealed that miR-146a/b correlated inversely with UHRF1 expression. These findings describe a new mechanism for the regulation of UHRF1 and aberrant DNA hypermethylation in GC. The newly identified miR-146a/b/UHRF1 axis provides insight into the GC metastasis process, and targeting this novel axis represents a therapeutic approach to blocking GC metastasis.
Soaps of Some Transition Metal Complexes (1989)

Abstract A novel series of metal complex soaps of the type, [M(en)3]R3, where M is cobalt(III), rhodium(III) and iridium(III) are synthesized and characterized by their elemental analysis. The R group is stearate, palmitate and myristate and en is the ethylenediamine ligand. No significant changes were observed in the infrared spectra of the parent metal complex, [M(en)3].xH2O, as the halide as compared to the metal complex carboxylate. Thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show the metal complex carboxylates to be stable to about 475 K. The decomposition kinetics of the rhodium compounds is discussed.
An improved transverse shear deformation theory for laminated antisotropic plates (1981)

An improved transverse shear deformation theory for laminated anisotropic plates under bending is presented. The theory eliminates the need for an arbitrarily chosen shear correction factor. For a general laminate with coupled bending and stretching, the constitutive equations connecting resultants with average displacements and rotations are derived. Simplified forms of these relations are also obtained for the special case of a symmetric laminate with uncoupled bending. The governing equation for this special case is obtained as a sixth-order equation for the normal displacement requiring prescription of the three physically natural bounday conditions along each edge. For the limiting case of isotropy, the present theory reduces to an improved version of Mindlin's theory. Numerical results are obtained from the present theory for an example of a laminated plate under cylindrical bending. Comparison with results from exact three-dimensional analysis shows that the present theory is more accurate than other theories of equivalent order.
Macromol. Biosci. 1/2008 (2007)

Cover: The cross‐linking of the collagen gel prepared in water/ethanol co‐solvent using water‐soluble carbodiimide coupling agent can be controlled by altering the ethanol concentration. The high ethanol concentration suppressed the hydrolysis of coupling agent, but made the gel to swell due to the high portion of the uncross‐linked triple helix. Further details can be found in the article by K. Nam, T. Kimura, A. Kishida * on page 32.
Effect of antioxidants, resveratrol, quercetin, and N -acetylcysteine, on the functions of cultured rat hepatic stellate cells and kupffer cells (1998)

Effects of antioxidants, resveratrol, quercetin, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the functions of cultured rat hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells were studied. These compounds dose-dependently suppressed serum-dependent proliferation of stellate cells as determined by [3H]thymidine and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine uptake. Expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin was suppressed by a high dose of resveratrol and quercetin. These phenolic compounds also suppressed inositol phosphate metabolism, tyrosine phosphorylation, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation in platelet-derived growth factor/BB-stimulated stellate cells. Moreover, the phenolic compounds selectively reduced the level of cell cycle protein cyclin D1 in stellate cells. Thus, resveratrol and quercetin might inhibit stellate cell activation by perturbing signal transduction pathway and cell cycle protein expression, whereas mechanism of potent antiproliferative effect of NAC remains to be elucidated. On the other hand, kinetic analysis showed that production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Kupffer cells was strongly inhibited by resveratrol and quercetin but not by NAC. Although expression of messenger RNAs for inducible NO synthase and TNF-alpha was not affected by the phenolic compounds, cellular levels of inducible NO synthase and TNF-alpha secretion were suppressed significantly, indicating the posttranscriptional process of generating these proteins might be affected predominantly by these phenolic compounds. Thus, NAC and these phenolic compounds may have therapeutic potential against liver injury by regulating functions of hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells.
PIRATAS, PIRATERÍA Y COMERICO ILÍCITO EN EL CARIBE: LA VISIÓN DEL OTRO (2007)

En este ensayo, se aborda el fenomeno de la pirateria, asociado al del contrabando, en el Gran Caribe hacia finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVII. Se esclarecen aspectos centrales como las causas de la pirateria, los tipos de piratas, las formas que asumio el contrabando dentro y fuera de la carrera de Indias, entre otros topicos. El estudio coloca los procesos de contrabando y pirateria ocurridos en el Gran caribe, en la perspeciva global de la lucha de potencias Europeas por el control de territorios, riqueza y fuerza de trabajo en todo el orbe. PALABRAS CLAVES Contrabando, pirateria, comercio legal, Carerra de Indias, monopolo comercial, piratas, Gran Caribe... ABSTRACT In this essay, anayses the phenomenon of the piracy related to the contraband in the Caribbean, towards the end of the XVI century and beginnings of the XVII century. Central aspects are clarified, like the piracys causes, the types of pirates, the way the contraband assumed inside and outside the race of the Indians, among other topics. The study focus the contraband processes and piracy happened in the Caribbean, in the global perspective of the fight of the European powers by the control of territories, wealth, source, n the entire orb. KEY WORDS Contraband, piracy, illegal commerce, Race of the Indians, commercial monopoly, pirates, caribbean...
NF-κB-dependent Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Expression by Lipopolysaccharide in a Macrophage Cell Line RAW 264.7 (2007)

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a pivotal role in the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) and in the migration of normal and tumor cells in response to normal physiologic and numerous pathologic conditions. Here, we show that the transcription of the MMP-9 gene is induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in cells of a macrophage lineage (RAW 264.7 cells). We provide evidence that the NF-kappaB binding site of the MMP-9 gene contributes to its expression in the LPS-signaling pathway, since mutation of NF-kappaB binding site of MMP-9 promoter leads to a dramatic reduction in MMP-9 promoter activation. In addition, the degradation of IkappaBalpha, and the presences of myeloid differentiation protein (MyD88) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated kinase 6 (TRAF6) were found to be required for LPS-activated MMP-9 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that functional interaction between NF-kappaB and the MMP-9 promoter element is necessary for LPS-activated MMP-9 induction in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, our observations demonstrate that NF-kappaB contributes to LPS-induced MMP-9 gene expression in a mouse macrophage cell line.
Optimal Use of Absorption Enhancer HPE‐101 Solubilized in Hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin for Facilitating Nasal Permeability in Rats (1995)

The effect of a lipophilic absorption enhancer, 1-[2-(decylthio)ethyl]azacyclopentane-2-one (HPE-101), solubilized in 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CyD) on the permeation barrier of nasal mucosa was examined in rats.



The nasal administration of HPE-101 within HP-β-CyD showed a marked increase of the nasal permeability, compared with the sole use of the enhancer in emulsion. When the concentration of HPE-101 was kept constant, the nasal permeability increased with a rise in the concentration of HP-β-CyD, reaching a maximum when just enough HP-β-CyD was used to keep the enhancer in solution. Studies on the release of biochemical markers from the nasal mucosa and scanning electron microscopic observations indicated that the combination of 1%w/v HPE-101 with 15%w/v HP-β-CyD has the most preferable balance between efficacy and safety. Furthermore, the hyperpermeable state of the nasal mucosa induced with this combination rapidly returned to a normal physiological level, a rate which was faster than those for 1·5%w/v oleic acid in emulsion and 0·25%w/v polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether in solution.



The present results suggest that HP-β-CyD can optimize the absorption enhancing ability of HPE-101 by regulating the rate and extent of entry of the enhancer into the nasal mucosa.
A Dinuclear Palladium Catalyst for α-Hydroxylation of Carbonyls with O<sub>2</sub> (2011)

A chemo- and regioselective α-hydroxylation reaction of carbonyl compounds with molecular oxygen as oxidant is reported. The hydroxylation reaction is catalyzed by a dinuclear Pd(II) complex, which functions as an oxygen transfer catalyst, reminiscent of an oxygenase. The development of this oxidation reaction was inspired by discovery and mechanism evaluation of previously unknown Pd(III)-Pd(III) complexes.