gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Establishment of Price Policy for a Geographical Information Activated Circulation (2003)

The purpose of this study is to present the price computation criteria with the aspect of price policy for the geographical information circulation. The price policy is to make activated circulation for geographical information. The price policy of this research considered the supplier and the user side at the same time. Important issue of price policy is that initial cost for system development calculate burying cost, and preservation and renewal cost charge to user. Distribution cost of geographical information charge to user according to use media, and apply differential rates of cost according to the purpose of using, up-to-dateness of data. Also, present the price policy that must apply copyright fee to of offer geographical information. Consider various terms that was studied in this study, the price computation criteria was presented. Through this, it is expected that geographical information circulation is activated more.
Impact on the fetus of the combination of late gestational toxicity and diabetes mellitus (1971)

Many researchers have investigated which factors contribute to the onset of toxemia in diabetes. Some authors link it to hormonal abnormalities (increased chorionic gonadotropins and decreased estrogens and corpus luteum hormones), others to the severity of diabetes and its duration; most authors attribute crucial importance in preventing late-onset toxicity to proper management of diabetes, systematic monitoring of pregnant women by an obstetrician and endocrinologist and strict adherence to a prescribed regime and diet.
Quantifying Biomass Changes of Single CD8+ T Cells during Antigen Specific Cytotoxicity (2013)

Existing approaches that quantify cytotoxic T cell responses rely on bulk or surrogate measurements which impede the direct identification of single activated T cells of interest. Single cell microscopy or flow cytometry methodologies typically rely on fluorescent labeling, which limits applicability to primary cells such as human derived T lymphocytes. Here, we introduce a quantitative method to track single T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic events within a mixed population of cells using live cell interferometry (LCI), a label-free microscopy technique that maintains cell viability. LCI quantifies the mass distribution within individual cells by measuring the phase shift caused by the interaction of light with intracellular biomass. Using LCI, we imaged cytotoxic T cells killing cognate target cells. In addition to a characteristic target cell mass decrease of 20-60% over 1-4 h following attack by a T cell, there was a significant 4-fold increase in T cell mass accumulation rate at the start of the cytotoxic event and a 2-3 fold increase in T cell mass relative to the mass of unresponsive T cells. Direct, label-free measurement of CD8+ T and target cell mass changes provides a kinetic, quantitative assessment of T cell activation and a relatively rapid approach to identify specific, activated patient-derived T cells for applications in cancer immunotherapy.
<i>In vitro</i> Inhibitory Effects of Combinations of anti-Influenza Agents (1995)

To assess the possible interactions among candidate anti-influenza agents, dual combinations of rimantadine, ribavirin, 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroguanosine (2-FDG) and 4-guanidino-Neu5Ac2en (GG167) were tested against clinical isolates of influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 subtype viruses in MDCK cells by ELISA. Each of the dual combinations showed additive effects, except for the combination of 2-FDG and ribavirin which was synergistic against the influenza A (H1N1) virus. However, this combination also showed enhanced cytotoxicity. In this assay system, influenza agents with differing mechanisms of antiviral interaction interacted in an additive fashion with respect to inhibition of viral replication.
Roles of plakoglobin end domains in desmosome assembly (1997)

Plakoglobin, a member of the armadillo family of proteins, is a component of intercellular adhesive junctions. The central domain of plakoglobin comprises a highly conserved series of armadillo repeats that facilitate its association with either desmosomal or classic cadherins, or with cytosolic proteins such as the tumor suppressor gene product adenomatous polyposis coli. Sequences in the N- and C-terminal domains of plakoglobin are less highly conserved, and their possible roles in regulating plakoglobin's subcellular distribution and junction assembly are still unclear. Here we have examined the role of plakoglobin end domains by stably expressing constructs lacking the N and/or C terminus of plakoglobin in A-431 cells. Our results demonstrate that myc-tagged plakoglobin lacking either end domain is still able to associate with the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein and incorporate into desmosomes. In cell lines that express an N-terminal truncation of plakoglobin, an increase in the cytosolic pool of en-dogenous and ectopic plakoglobin was observed that may reflect an increase in the stability of the protein. Deletion of the N terminus did not have a dramatic effect on the structure of desmosomes in these cells. On the other hand, striking alterations in desmosome morphology were observed in cells expressing C-terminal truncations of plakoglobin. In these cell lines, ectopic plakoglobin incorporated into desmosomes, and extremely long junctions or groups of tandemly linked desmosomes which remained well attached to keratin intermediate filaments, were observed. Together, these results suggest that plakoglobin end domains play a role in regulating its subcellular distribution, and that the presence of the C terminus limits the size of desmosomes, perhaps through regulating protein-protein interactions required for assembly of the desmosomal plaque.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS OF 3,5‐DIMETHYLPYRAZOLE (1984)

Abstract Dimethylpyrazol (I) wird mit Maleinsüureunhydrid (II) zu der Diearbonsiiure (III) umgesetzt.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): a promising versatile chemical sensor technology for hazardous material detection (2005)

A series of laboratory experiments have been performed highlighting the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a versatile sensor for the detection of terrorist threats. LIBS has multiple attributes that provide the promise of unprecedented performance for hazardous material detection and identification. These include: 1) real-time analysis, 2) high sensitivity, 3) no sample preparation, and 4) the ability to detect all elements and virtually all hazards, both molecular and biological. We have used LIBS to interrogate a variety of different target samples, including explosives, chemical warfare simulants, biological agent simulants, and landmine casings. We have used the acquired spectra to demonstrate discrimination between different chemical warfare simulants, including those on soil backgrounds. A linear correlation technique permits discrimination between an anthrax surrogate and several other biomaterials such as molds and pollens. We also use broadband LIBS to identify landmine casings versus other plastics and environmental clutter materials. A new man-portable LIBS system developed as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and Ocean Optics, Inc., is described and several other schemes for implementing LIBS sensors for homeland security and force protection are discussed.
Tactile Sensory Substitution Studies (2004)

Forty years ago a project to explore late brain plasticity was initiated that was to lead into a broad area of sensory substitution studies. The questions at that time were: Can a person who has never seen learn to see as an adult? Is the brain sufficiently plastic to develop an entirely new sensory system? The short answer to both questions is yes, first clearly demonstrated in 1969 ((Bach-y-Rita et al., 1969)). To reach that conclusion, it was first necessary to find a way to get visual information to the brain. That took many years and is still the most challenging aspect of the research and the development of practical sensory substitution and augmentation systems. The sensor array is not a problem: a TV camera for blind persons; an accelerometer for persons with vestibular loss; a microphone for deaf persons. These are common and fully developed devices. The problem is the brain-machine interface (BMI). In this short report, only two substitution systems are discussed, vision and vestibular substitution.
Aegis: Physical Space Security for Wireless Networks With Smart Antennas (2010)

In this paper, we focus on securing communication over wireless data networks from malicious eavesdroppers by using smart antennas. While conventional cryptography-based approaches focus on hiding the meaning of the information being communicated from the eavesdropper, we consider a complimentary class of strategies that limit knowledge of the existence of the information from the eavesdropper. We profile the performance achievable with simple beamforming strategies using a newly defined metric called exposure region. We then present three strategies within the context of an approach called <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Aegis</i> , which uses virtual arrays of physical arrays to significantly improve the exposure region performance of a wireless LAN environment. Using simulations, analysis, and field trials, we validate and evaluate the proposed strategies.
5 Gbit/s modulation characteristics of optical intensity modulator monolithically integrated with DFB laser (1989)

Dynamic characteristics under 5 Gbit/s NRZ modulation are reported for a newly developed optical intensity modulator monolithically integrated with a DFB laser. Clear eye opening and a low chirp of less than 0.16 Å are attained with sufficient extinction ratio under this modulation condition.
Binarization and context model selection of CABAC based on the distribution of syntax element (2012)

Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) is an efficient entropy coding method in H.264/AVC, which consists of three processes: binarization, context model selection (CS) and binary arithmetic encoding (BAE). This paper proposes a new binarization and CS method to encode mb_type of depth videos. The proposed method includes (1) remapping of mb_type values based on the distribution of the mb_type; (2) classification and binarization inspired from Configurable Variable Length Code (CVLC) and (3) simple CS without using neighboring context information. Experimental results show that up to 12.55% bitrate reduction can be achieved at hierarchical B structure compared to Multi-view Video Coding (MVC) on depth videos.
A simple data link (SDL) protocol for next generation packet network (2000)

The simple data link (SDL) is a new framing protocol for variable/fixed length packets over a general-purpose point-to-point communications channel. SDL extends the HEC-like framing mechanism used in ATM to variable-length data. Its low implementation complexity makes it particularly suitable for high-speed transport links in wavelength channels and dark fiber applications. SDL is a very attractive alternative to conventional solutions such as ATM and PPP-over-SONET (POS) for high data rate environments. SDL has also been designed to facilitate many OAM&P functions needed in next generation multiservice optical packet networks including multiprotocol encapsulation, virtual links, quality-of-service (QoS) differentiation, link management, and control. We describe framing and data link synchronization procedures in SDL, and evaluate its performance over octet and bit synchronous transport facilities.
ReFLEX: Block Atomic Execution on Conventional ISA Cores (2010)

International audience
Interactions of Horizontal Porous Flexible Membrane with Waves (2000)

The interaction of monochromatic incident waves with a horizontal porous flexible membrane is investigated in the context of a 2D linear hydroelastic theory. First, a multidomain boundary element method is developed for a porous membrane based on Darcy's fine-pore model. The inner solution uses a discrete membrane dynamic model and simple-source distribution over the entire fluid boundaries. The outer solution is based on an eigenfunction expansion method. The inner solution is then matched to the outer solution at the matching boundaries. Second, the corresponding analytic diffraction and radiation solutions are obtained based on the multidomain eigenfunction expansion method to better understand the relevant physics and confirm the boundary element method results. Using the developed computer program, the wave-blocking performance of a submerged horizontal porous membrane is tested with various system parameters, membrane porosity, and wave characteristics. The wave numbers above the porous membrane are generally complex, and the imaginary parts contribute to the dissipation of wave energy. Therefore, the overall performance of the horizontal flexible membrane can be further enhanced by using proper porous material. The theory and numerical results are also verified through a series of model tests in a 2D wave tank.
Hepatocyte gap junctions are permeable to the second messenger, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and to calcium ions. (1989)

Hepatocytes are well coupled by gap junctions, which allow the diffusion of small molecules between cells. Although gap junctions in many tissues are permeable to molecules larger than cAMP and in several preparations gap junctions pass cAMP itself, little direct evidence supports permeation by other second-messenger species. Ca2+, perhaps the smallest second messenger, would be expected to cross gap junctions, but the issue is complicated because gap-junction channels are closed when intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, is elevated to micromolar levels or above. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), a second messenger that can evoke Ca2+ release, might also reduce junctional permeability by this mechanism. We report here evidence for transjunctional flux of Ca2+ and InsP3 in freshly isolated pairs or small clusters of rat hepatocytes. The Ca2+ indicator fura-2 was used to monitor transjunctional diffusion of Ca2+ directly or to detect passage of InsP3 by localized Ca2+ release. Fura-2 injected as the free acid passed between cells. Injection of InsP3 or CaCl2 immediately increased [Ca2+]i in the injected cell (peak values less than 1 microM), and [Ca2+]i increased rapidly in contacting cells (within seconds). The initial rise in [Ca2+]i induced by InsP3 was greater at discrete regions in the cytoplasm of both injected and uninjected cells and was inconsistent with simple diffusion of Ca2+. In the coupled cells the regions of greatest increase were not necessarily near the contact zone. In contrast, the rise induced in [Ca2+]i by CaCl2 injection when cells were bathed in normal Ca2+ was always more diffuse than with InsP3 injection, and in cells coupled to a cell injected with CaCl2 the earliest and maximal increases occurred at the region of cell contact. This difference in distribution indicates that injected InsP3 (or an active metabolite, but not Ca2+) diffused between cells to cause localized release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Ca2+ injection induced a rise in [Ca2+]i in coupled cells even when cells were maintained in Ca2+-free saline, suggesting that changes in [Ca2+]i seen in adjacent cells were due to transjunctional diffusion from the injected cell and not to uptake from the extracellular solution. However, in Ca2+-free saline, [Ca2+]i distribution was nonuniform, indicating that Ca2+-releasing mechanisms contribute to the observed changes. No increase in [Ca2+]i was seen in adjacent cells when Ca2+ was injected after treatment with the uncoupling agent octanol (500 microM), which itself did not change [Ca2+]i. These data provide evidence that the second messengers Ca2+ and InsP3 can be transmitted from cell to cell through gap junctions, a process that may have an important role in tissue function.
Invariant NKT Cells as Novel Targets for Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors (2012)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a small population of lymphocytes that possess characteristics of both innate and adaptive immune cells. They are uniquely poised to respond rapidly to infection and inflammation and produce cytokines that critically shape the ensuing adaptive cellular response. Therefore, they represent promising therapeutic targets. In cancer, NKT cells are attributed a role in immunosurveillance. NKT cells also act as potent activators of antitumor immunity when stimulated with a synthetic agonist in experimental models. However, in some settings, NKT cells seem to act as suppressors and regulators of antitumor immunity. Here we briefly review current data supporting these paradoxical roles of NKT cells and their regulation. Increased understanding of the signals that determine the function of NKT cells in cancer will be essential to improve current strategies for NKT-cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches.
A diffusion theory model of spatially resolved fluorescence from depth-dependent fluorophore concentrations (2001)

A photon diffusion model has been developed to calculate the steady-state spatially resolved fluorescence from pencil beam excitation in layered tissue. The model allows the calculation of both the excitation reflectance and the fluorescence escape for an arbitrary continuous depth distribution of tissue optical properties and fluorophore concentration. The validity of this model was verified by comparison with Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements using phantoms with tissue-like optical properties. The potential usefulness of the spatially resolved fluorescence was explored using the model and simulations of realistic drug distributions. It was shown that using this technique it may be possible to quantify the diffusion of a topically administered drug into the skin, or the photobleaching of a sensitizer during photodynamic therapy.
Purification of Newcastle disease virus by chromatography on controlled-pore glass bead column. (1981)

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation was chromatographed on a controlled-pore glass (CPG) bead column. By this procedure, the contaminating ribonuclease activity was reduced by 94-96% and the specific viral haemagglutinating activity increased from 3-to 5-fold. Purified NDV moved in two fractions in free electrophoresis.
The Scheme of Detecting Encoded Malicious Web Pages Based on Information Entropy (2016)

Malicious web page is an increasingly important problem that threatens the security of computer systems and users' privacy. The malicious web pages can escape the traditional static signature-based detection through polymorphism and metamorphism technique. In this paper, we propose a scheme based on information entropy theory to detect the encoded malicious web pages. Through the experiment and evaluation, we demonstrate our approach is practicable to detect the encoded malicious web pages and meeting the demand of practical use.
A Parameter Identification Method for a Battery Equivalent Circuit Model (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Good battery modeling is critical for energy management of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Because of its simplicity and satisfactory performance, equivalent circuit models are widely used in this area. A frequently adopted equivalent circuit model is one that consists of an open-circuit voltage and a resistor in series with two sets of parallel resistor-capacitor combinations. This model performs well in describing battery transient behavior due to the dynamics of such physical phenomena as mass transport effects and double layer effects.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Generic methods for obtaining the parameters of this model involve analyzing the battery voltage behavior under step changes of load current. The fact that the model has two time constants places a challenge on parameter identification. Some most often used method makes use of the property that each of the two time constants plays a dominant role at different stages of the battery voltage response, and calculates the model parameters accordingly. For such method, the results are greatly influenced by the partition of faster and slower dynamics of the battery, and selection of the data points used for the calculation. Moreover, because majority of the testing data is not used towards calculating the parameters, the obtained model might not reflect the overall battery characteristics well and consequently might not give high-fidelity predictions. For other methods that use nonlinear curve fitting or genetic algorithm for parameter searching, the successful implementation greatly depends on the proper setting of initial values and searching space.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A novel method of parameter identification for the equivalent circuit model is presented in this paper. It makes use of a regression equation which is linear in variables that can be measured or calculated from the test. With this approach, all testing data during the relaxation period of a constant current pulse discharge or charge test is used towards obtaining the model parameters and the calculation is in the sense of least squared error. Application of the method to real battery testing data is presented. The example indicates that the method gives very good results with modeling error of less than 0.5%.</div></div>
Transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange (2002)

A scheme is proposed to exchange the transverse and longitudinal emittances of an electron bunch. A general analysis is presented and a specific beam line is used as an example where the emittance exchange is achieved by placing a transverse deflecting mode radio-frequency cavity in a magnetic chicane. In addition to reducing the transverse emittance, the bunch length is also simultaneously compressed. The scheme has the potential to introduce an added flexibility to the control of electron beams and to provide some contingency for the achievement of emittance and peak-current goals in free-electron lasers.
Resonant acoustic determination of elastic moduli (1990)

A long rod of circular or elliptical cross section can be selectively excited in the torsional, longitudinal, and flexural resonant modes using a single pair of electrodynamic transducers consisting of coils glued to each end of the bar and placed in the field of a magnet. The elastic moduli of the material can be simply determined to high accuracy by measuring the resonance frequencies of these modes and the mass and physical dimensions of the rod. Since the longitudinal and flexural modes both yield values for the Young’s modulus, the system has a built-in redundancy that makes the interpretation of the data more robust. The large signal amplitudes make automated measurement of the temperature dependence of the moduli simple through the use of a phase-locked loop to track the change in the resonance frequency with temperature.