gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image Registration for Remote Sensing (2011)

Image registration employs digital image processing in order to bring two or more digital images into precise alignment for analysis and comparison. Accurate registration algorithms are essential for creating mosaics of satellite images and tracking changes on the planet's surface over time. Bringing together invited contributions from 36 distinguished researchers, the book presents a detailed overview of current research and practice in the application of image registration to remote sensing imagery. Chapters cover the problem definition, theoretical issues in accuracy and efficiency, fundamental algorithms, and real-world case studies of image registration software applied to imagery from operational satellite systems. This book provides a comprehensive and practical overview for Earth and space scientists, presents image processing researchers with a summary of current research, and can be used for specialised graduate courses.
Optimal clock synchronization (1987)

We present a simple, efficient, and unified solution to the problems of synchronizing, initializing, and integrating clocks for systems with different types of failures: crash, omission, and arbitrary failures with and without message authentication. This is the first known solution that achieves optimal accuracy—the accuracy of synchronized clocks (with respect to real time) is as good as that specified for the underlying hardware clocks. The solution is also optimal with respect to the number of faulty processes that can be tolerated to achieve this accuracy.
Evidence that stem cell factor is involved in the rebound thrombocytosis that follows 5-fluorouracil treatment (1992)

The mechanisms responsible for 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-induced rebound thrombocytosis are not completely understood. SI/SI(d) mice, which do not undergo rebound thrombocytosis in response to 5FU, provide a genetic approach to the study of this phenomenon. Recent reports by several groups that the SI locus encodes a protein known variably as stem cell factor (SCF), mast cell growth factor, or kit ligand, suggests the possibility that the lack of wild-type SCF in SI/SI(d) mice is responsible for their defective response to 5FU-induced thrombocytopenia. It is shown in this report that SCF-treated SI/SI(d) mice are as capable as their wild-type littermates in undergoing rebound thrombocytosis. W/Wv mice, mutated at the locus encoding the SCF receptor, also do not undergo rebound thrombocytosis, but are not responsive to SCF treatment. In normal mice, it is shown by RNA solution hybridization that SCF mRNA expression is increased during the 5FU-induced platelet nadir period. It is also shown by autoradiography that maturing megakaryocytes express SCF receptors, and that in vivo administration of SCF significantly raises the numbers of megakaryocytes, as well as circulating platelet counts. Taken together, these data indicate that SCF may be an important regulator of platelet production under both normal and physiologically disturbed situations.
Validation of a real‐time PCR for the quantitative estimation of a G143A mutation in the cytochrome <i>bc</i><sub>1</sub> gene of <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> (2006)

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the cytochrome b gene confers resistance to strobilurin fungicides for several fungal pathogens. Therefore, on the basis of a change at amino acid position 143 from glycine to alanine, a real-time PCR assay was established for the quantitative detection of the analogous SNP in the cytochrome b sequence of Pyrenophora teres Drechsler, which causes barley net blotch. Allelic discrimination was achieved by using allele specific primers with artificially mismatched nucleic acid bases and minor groove binding probes. Validation parameters for the lower limits of the working range, namely limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ), were statistically determined by the variance of calibration data, as well as by the variance of the 100% non-strobilurin-resistant allele DNA sample (blank values). It was found that the detection was limited by the variance of blank values (five in 801 458 copies; 0.0006%), whereas the quantification was limited by the variance of calibration data (37 in 801 458 copies; 0.0046%). The real-time PCR assay was finally used to monitor strobilurin-resistant cytochrome b alleles in barley net blotch field samples, which were already classified in in vivo biotests to be fully sensitive to strobilurins. All signals for strobilurin-resistant cytochrome b alleles were below the LOD, and therefore the results are in total agreement with the phenotypes revealed by biotests.
Characterization of polymer layer formation during SiO<sub>2</sub>/SiN etching by fluoro/hydrofluorocarbon plasmas (2014)

In reactive-ion etching (RIE) of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) or silicon nitride (SiN) by fluorocarbon (FC) or hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) plasmas, fluorinated carbon layers may be formed on the etched surfaces and affect their etching rates. In this study, the properties of SiO 2 and SiN etching by FC or HFC plasmas are examined in light of the formation mechanism of such carbon layers by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Furthermore, in this study, the electronegativity effect of fluorine (F) is taken into account in the interatomic potential functions for C–F and Si–F bonds and MD simulations here show SiO 2 and SiN sputtering yields are closer to those obtained from ion beam experiments. It has been found from MD simulations that the SiN sputtering yield during etching by HFC ions is higher than that by FC ions owning to the fact that hydrogen in the HFC ion beam tends to impede the formation of a fluorocarbon layer on SiN and therefore energetic fluorine ions/atoms are more readily available to etch SiN underneath the polymer layer.
Zero Time Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Transient in Solids (1963)

A method is described for the experimental determination of the complete Bloch decay signal after a pulse for broad line nuclear magnetic resonances, as in solids. This method removes the necessity for constructing transient equipment of very short time resolution which would be extremely difficult. By means of apparatus with a time resolution of 3 μsec effectively zero time resolution has been attained. The method is tested by comparing the Fourier transform of the steady state absorption line with the Bloch decay. Agreement to 3% is obtained for many materials having lines up to 15 gauss broad. A theoretical analysis is given which supports the experimental results and which gives an explicit expression for the `echo Bloch decay' up to and including terms of fourth power in the time. Explicit expressions are given for static dipolar interaction for identical spins. It is shown that the second and fourth moments of the absorption lines can be obtained from the echo Bloch decay with an accuracy comparable with that from conventional steady-state methods and these are obtained very rapidly and with little labour.
COGNITIVE RADIOS FOR DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS - An Agile Radio for Wireless Innovation (2007)

We present the details of a portable, powerful, and flexible software-defined radio development platform called the Kansas University Agile Radio (KUAR). The primary purpose of the KUAR is to enable advanced research in the areas of wireless radio networks, dynamic spectrum access, and cognitive radios. We describe the KUAR hardware implementation and software architecture and present example application of the KUAR to modulation, spectrum measurement, channel estimation, and rapid configuration and adaptation. We outline research directions enabled by the KUAR
EXTENDED SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASES (ESBL) – AN EMERGING THREAT TO CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS (2004)

Extended spectrum -lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid mediated, TEM and SHV derived enzymes, first isolated in Western Europe in mid 1980s, most commonly in Klebsiella spp., followed by Escherichia coli. These enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing broad spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams but inactive against cephamycins and imipenem. In addition, ESBL producing organisms exhibit coresistance to many other classes of antibiotics resulting in limitation of therapeutic option. Several risk factors have been suggested. A variety of classification schemes have been developed. Recently, Bush-Jacoby-Medeiros scheme integrated functional and molecular characteristics. ESBLs have serine at their active site and attack the amide bond in the lactam ring of antibiotics causing their hydrolysis. Because of inocolum effect and substrate specificity their detection is a major challenge. Two indicators of ESBLs are eight fold reduction in MIC and potentiation of the inhibitor zone of third generation cephalosporin in the presence of clavulanic acid. Incidence of these organisms is being continuously increasing through out the world with limited treatment alternatives. It becomes necessary to know the prevalence of these organisms and to formulate treatment policy. Moreover, restricted use of the third generation cephalosporins lead to withdrawal of selective pressure and use of lactam and -lactamase inhibitor combinations may exert reverse mutation on these enzymes.
Prescaled timing extraction from 400 Gb/s optical signal using a phase lock loop based on four-wave-mixing in a laser diode amplifier (1996)

Theoretical and experimental investigation determines ultrahigh-speed cross-correlation detection characteristics of a phase lock loop based on four-wave-mixing in a traveling-wave laser diode optical amplifier from 100 Gb/s to 1 Tb/s. A long cavity laser diode amplifier and a super-continuum clock pulse are used for the ultrahigh-speed cross-correlation detection. Successful prescaled 6.3-GHz clock recovery from a 400-Gb/s optical time division multiplexed signal is also presented using a cross-correlation between the 400 Gb/s optical signal and a 6.3 GHz, 1 ps, optical super-continuum clock pulse train.
Endogenous digitalis-like ligands and Na/K-ATPase inhibition in experimental diabetes mellitus (2005)

Dysregulation of the Na/K-ATPase (NKA) in the kidney, cardiovascular system, and peripheral nervous system is believed to contribute to pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Recently we demonstrated that, in addition to endogenous ouabain (EO), mammalian tissues contain another NKA inhibitor, a bufadienolide marinobufagenin (MBG). In vitro MBG, a natriuretic and a vasoconstrictor, acts as a selective inhibitor of alpha-1 NKA, the main isoform of the sodium pump in renal tubules and vascular smooth muscle. To determine whether digitalis-like NKA inhibitors are linked to NKA dysregulation in DM, we studied changes in renal excretion and plasma levels of MBG and EO and the activity of erythrocyte NKA in male Wistar rats with type 1 DM and type 2 DM. Rats with type 1 DM were studied four weeks following a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ)(n = 12), and rats with type 2 DM were studied 10 weeks after intraperitoneal injection of STZ during the neonatal period (n = 12). Renal excretion and plasma levels of EO did not change in rats with both types of DM as compared to that in the control groups. Renal excretion (57.5 +/- 9.4 pmol/kg/ 3 hours vs. 12.6 +/- 2.1 pmol/kg/ 3 hours; P less than 0.01) and plasma levels (2.23 +/- 0.82 nmol/L vs. 0.29 +/- 0.07 nmol/L; P less than 0.01) of MBG increased, and NKA activity in erythrocytes was inhibited by 50% in rats with type 1 DM as compared to controls. In rats with type 2 DM, plasma levels (1.48 +/- 0.09 nmol/L vs. 0.46 +/- 0.02 nmol/L; P less than 0.01) and renal excretion (21.3 +/- 3.2 pmol/kg/ 3 hours vs. 13.1 +/- 2.1 pmol/kg/ 3 hours) of MBG also became elevated, but less than in the animals with type 1 DM. Accordingly, activity of NKA in erythrocytes from rats with type 2 DM was inhibited by 35%. In vitro treatment of erythrocytes from rats with type 1 and type 2 DM with anti-MBG antibody reversed the DM induced inhibition of the NKA. These results suggest that digitalis-like factors are involved in the pathogenesis of DM and that MBG, rather than EO, is responsible for DM-induced NKA inhibition.
Oxygen Ion Drift‐Induced Complementary Resistive Switching in Homo TiO<i><sub>x</sub></i>/TiO<i><sub>y</sub></i>/TiO<i><sub>x</sub></i> and Hetero TiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/TiON/TiO<i><sub>x</sub></i> Triple Multilayer Frameworks (2011)

Abstract Developing a means by which to compete with commonly used Si‐based memory devices represents an important challenge for the realization of future three‐dimensionally stacked crossbar‐array memory devices with multifunctionality. Therefore, oxide‐based resistance switching memory (ReRAM), with its associated phenomena of oxygen ion drifts under a bias, is becoming increasingly important for use in nanoscalable crossbar arrays with an ideal memory cell size due to its simple metal–insulator–metal structure and low switching current of 10–100 μA. However, in a crossbar array geometry, one single memory element defined by the cross‐point of word and bit lines is highly susceptible to unintended leakage current due to parasitic paths around neighboring cells when no selective devices such as diodes or transistors are used. Therefore, the effective complementary resistive switching (CRS) features in all Ti‐oxide‐based triple layered homo Pt/TiO x /TiO y /TiO x /Pt and hetero Pt/TiO x /TiON/TiO x /Pt geometries as alternative resistive switching matrices are reported. The possible resistive switching nature of the novel triple matrices is also discussed together with their electrical and structural properties. The ability to eliminate both an external resistor for efficient CRS operation and a metallic Pt middle electrode for further cost‐effective scalability will accelerate progress toward the realization of cross‐bar ReRAM in this framework.
Two-Stage Strategy for Development of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras and its Application for Estrogen Receptor Degraders (2020)

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as useful chemical probes and potential therapeutics by taking advantage of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade intracellular disease-associated proteins. PROTACs are heterobifunctional molecules composed of a target protein ligand, E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand, and a linker between them. The generation of efficient PROTACs requires screening of many parameters, especially the lengths and types of the linkers. We report our proof-of-concept study using a two-stage strategy to facilitate the development of PROTACs against the estrogen receptor (ER). In stage one, a library of close to 100 PROTACs was synthesized by simply mixing a library of ERα ligands containing a hydrazide functional group at different positions with a preassembled library of E3 ligase ligands bearing different types and lengths of linkers with a terminal aldehyde group in a 1:1 ratio. Cell-based screening occurred without further purification, because the formation of the acylhydrazone linkage is highly efficient and produces water as the only byproduct. Compound A3 was the most potent ER degrader in two ER+ cell lines (DC<sub>50</sub>= ∼ 10 nM, <i>D</i><sub>max</sub>= ≥ 95%). Stage two involved transformation to a more stable amide linker to generate a more drug-like molecule. The new compound, AM-A3, showed comparable biological activity (DC<sub>50</sub> = 1.1 nM, <i>D</i><sub>max</sub> = 98%) and induced potent antiproliferation (IC<sub>50</sub>= 13.2 nM, <i>I</i><sub>max</sub>= 69%) in MCF-7. This proof-of -concept study demonstrates that the two-stage strategy can significantly facilitate the development of PROTACs against ER without the tedious process of making large numbers of PROTACs one by one. It has the potential to be expanded to many other targets.
A Proposed Genus Enterobacter (1960)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase along the nephron: new insights into renal vitamin D metabolism (2000)

Renal synthesis of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], is a pivotal step in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Production of 1,25(OH)2D3 is catalyzed by the mitchondrial cytochrome P450, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase (1alpha-HYD). As a consequence of the tight regulation of vitamin D metabolism during normal physiology, studies of the expression and regulation of 1alpha-HYD have proved remarkably difficult. However, the recent cloning of the gene for 1alpha-HYD has enabled a more comprehensive analysis of the tissue distribution of 1alpha-HYD, as well as the mechanisms involved in controlling 1,25(OH)2D3 production. In particular, an understanding of site-specific expression and regulation of 1alpha-HYD along the nephron might help to elucidate a more versatile role for 1,25(OH)2D3 in renal physiology.
Antenna with metamaterial design (2007)

Metamaterial exhibiting negative permittivity and negative permeability in certain frequency range or known as left-handed material (LHM), provides another alternative to the existing right-hand rule. With this theory, it offers a new dimension to the antenna applications as well as optic. The negative refractive index and the convergence of the electromagnetic waves when passing through the metamaterial is good for optical applications. However, this project looks into the effect of metamaterial structure to the conventional antenna and concentrate on proving the existence of the negative index material within certain frequency regions. Also, the relationship between different varies dimensions used affect the frequency response is being emphasized in order to understand further the metamaterial structure and its properties. Knowing that, the structure is optimized to get the left-handed properties in X-band frequency which is around 8GHz-12GHz. Although, the metamaterial structure giving a limited negative range within the X-band, it does agree to the metamaterial theory with the co-existence of both negative permittivity and negative permeability. The theoretical calculation give a reference value to work with, while the simulation via HFSS simulation tools is used to optimized and confirmed to the theoretical result. Then the simulation also being performed on the antenna with metamaterial structure and the effect is observed and analyzed where we can see a frequency shift occurred.
Novel Approaches to Cross-linking High Molecular Weight Polysaccharides: Application to Guar-based Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids (2000)

Abstract We report on recent work carried out using computational chemistry techniques which is aimed at suggesting novel ways of improving upon current methods of handling guar-based fracturing fluids. We describe generic methods available for modelling macromolecular, polysaccharide systems and apply these methods to building representative sections of the guar polysaccharide molecule, and to study its conformations in vacuo and in aqueous solutions using molecular dynamics. We then propose some novel cross-linking agents which differ from most of those currently under consideration in that they are extended, linear molecules related to polyethers. Representative cross-linking agents are then prepared and tested with various guar preparations. This study shows that with the correct choice of cross-linking agent, the overlap concentration C* can be reduced below the expected level for particular guars.
Stiff lattices with zero thermal expansion (2012)

Lattice microstructures are presented with zero coefficient of thermal expansion. These are made of positive expansion materials. The behavior is primarily stretch dominated, resulting in favorable stiffness. The behavior of these lattices is compared with that of triangular and hexagonal honeycombs in a modulus–density map. These lattices do not undergo thermal buckling, in contrast to designs based on sublattices.
Management, Operation, and Maintenance of Irrigation and Drainage Systems (1991)

Management, and Maintenance of Irrigation and Drainage Systems (Manual No. 57) is a revision of the 1980 publication Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation and Drainage Systems. This manual presents significant new innovations and modifications of procedures that have been implemented throughout the irrigation and drainage industry, particularly in areas of management and maintenance strategies, environmental benefits and safety practices. It is intended to help irrigation and drainage districts to minimize costs while maximizing production with available resources. In addition, this revised manual should be of interest to anyone associated with irrigation and drainage systems throughout the world.
Porous materials in catalysis: challenges for mesoporous materials (2012)

The discovery of ordered mesoporous materials has opened great opportunities for new applications in heterogeneous catalysis, thanks to their hitherto unprecedented intrinsic structural features. Evidence shows that, however, these materials have not met the researchers' expectations mainly because of the severe limitations related to the strength of acid sites and to the thermal/hydrothermal stability, significantly lower than those of zeolites and due to the amorphous nature of the mesostructured materials. These features are highlighted in the first part of this review, where the peculiarities of mesostructured materials are compared with those of zeolite catalysts in some reactions of industrial interest. New synthesis strategies, especially designed for preparing materials with improved physico-chemical and textural properties, together with the catalytic features of the resulting materials, are described and discussed in the second part of the review.
Molecular Weights of High Polymers (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Weights of High PolymersMaurice L. HugginsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1943, 35, 9, 980–986Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50405a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50405a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts