gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvements in Block-Retransmission Schemes (1979)

Consider the case where an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -digit block encoded word cannot be decoded reliably and a second block of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> redundant digits is sent to allow the receiver to make a new try based on the combined information received. Two classes of schemes are proposed and analyzed which give significantly better performance than is obtained by sending a repeat of the first block, yet do not require excessive decoding complexity. One approach is to consider small sub-blocks of the original <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -digit code as the data digits of a short rate one-half code. The other approach is to treat the first sending as the data digits of a systematic convolutional code of short constraint length. Comparisons are made for the white Gaussian noise channel and the erasure channel. The comparisons are limited to an assessment of the improvement gained after two sendings. Procedures using length 4 sub-blocks and using convolutional codes with constraint lengths as short as 2 or 3 digits yield considerable improvement over block retransmission. For the case of the erasure channel, a very simple decoding rule is devised for the convolutional code case.
Plane warts under spontaneous regression. Immunopathologic study on cellular constituents leading to the inflammatory reaction (1986)

• Immunohistologically, cellular infiltrates in regressing plane warts were mainly composed of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. There were many infiltrating T lymphocytes. Immunoelectron microscopic observation demonstrated that both helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotypes of T lymphocytes infiltrated in the lesions. OKT6-positive cells were observed in the dermis as well as in the epidermis. Moreover, as noted in allergic contact dermatitis, the apposition of T lymphocytes to Langerhans' cell—like cells could be seen. Lymphocytes and a small number of mononuclear phagocytes were found adjacent to damaged keratinocytes in the epidermis, the picture of which has been described as satellite cell necrosis, a hallmark of cytotoxic reaction by aggressors. These findings suggest that specific cell-mediated immunity against virus-infected keratinocytes takes place in the process of regressing plane warts. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1986;122:655-659)
Reversal of triazole‐induced stomatal closure by gibberellic acid and cytokinins in <i>Commelina benghalensis</i> (1987)

Although not as effective as ABA, the triazoles S‐3307 and triadimefon induced partial closure of stomata in isolated epidermal strips of Commelina benghalensis L. Both in the light and dark the stomatal closure induced by triazoles was reversed by GA and cytokinins, with GA being more effective. In an in vivo system using excised shoots, increasing triazole concentrations resulted in a proportional increase in stomatal diffusive resistance. Light was ineffective in reversing the triazole‐induced stomatal closure both in vivo and in vitro, which indicates that the effects of triazoles are probably mediated through hormonal regulation rather than an effect on photochemical reactions.
Structural Transitions of Electrosprayed Ubiquitin Ions Stored in an Ion Trap over ∼10 ms to 30 s (2002)

Structural transitions of the +6 to +8 charge states of ubiquitin produced by electrospray ionization have been studied in the gas phase by a new ion trap/ion mobility-mass spectrometry technique. The approach allows transitions to be examined in detail over ∼10 ms to 30 s trapping times. This time regime is intermediate between the ∼1 to 5 ms time scales of previous mobility measurements [J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1997, 8, 954] and minute to hour time scale measurements associated with trapping experiments done in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer [Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 185/186/187, 565]. The results show that over the entire time range, the +6 charge state is dominated by compact structures (with cross sections that are near the value expected for folded states in solution). The +7 state shows evidence for at least two types of initial compact structures. One state (∼65% of the population) rapidly unfolds to partially folded and elongated conformers after ∼30 to 40 ms. The remaining 35% of ions also unfolds at a much slower rate. The +8 charge state appears to be formed initially in a range of partially folded states. These states rapidly unfold into elongated structures that persist to the longest trapping times that are employed. These results are compared with the longer time scale measurements, and attempts are made to correlate the features observed in the different experiments.
Saline infusion contrast intrauterine sonographic assessment of the endometrium with high-frequency, real-time miniature transducer in normal menstrual cycle: a preliminary report (1999)

Normal endometrial texture was visualized using saline infusion contrast intrauterine sonography with a specially developed 20 MHz flexible catheter-based high-resolution, real-time miniature (2.4 mm outer diameter) ultrasound transducer in primary infertile women (n = 15) with a normal menstrual cycle. All the women had <2 years infertility duration and were studied in proliferative, and early or mid-secretory phases. Before intrauterine sonography, transvaginal sonographic assessment of the endometrium was conducted. The overall image clarity was subjectively compared between intrauterine and transvaginal sonography. Most endometrial textures in both proliferative and secretory phases were viewed more easily with intrauterine rather than transvaginal sonography, and this was especially true with an intrauterine saline infusion technique. Moreover, it was possible to obtain finer image quality of very small endometrial interfacial and internal textures with intrauterine sonography. However, the depth of penetration of the ultrasound beam is only approximately 2 cm, therefore examination of larger pathological endometrial lesions is markedly limited because of the shallow scanning range of the high-frequency transducer. Intrauterine sonography may be a valuable tool in imaging endometrial texture in normal menstrual cycle, and possibly in infertility practice, complementing and not replacing transvaginal sonography.
Sharpened carbon nanotube probes (2000)

Carbon nanotube tips (CNT) offer many advantages over the standard SFM probes, namely high aspect ratio, high resolution, durability, minimal tip or sample damage and, perhaps most important, tailoring. We demonstrate here the value of CNT as probes for surface metrology. Their high- aspect ratio enables profiling morphologies that are inaccessible to conventional probes. We report method for controlling the end-form of a nanotube bundle (mounted on a Si tip) so that a single nanotube protrudes from it. We did not observe any tip or sample wear over time with CNT probes, contrary to results with conventional probes. We also demonstrate that a combination of tuning forks and nanotubes can be used as probes for SPM.
A Scanning Force Microscope Combined with a Scanning Electron Microscope for Multidimensional Data Analysis (1997)

A Scanning Force Microscope (SFM) intended for operation inside a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is described. This combined instrument allows one to image a sample conventionally by SEM and to investigate by SFM the local topography as well as certain physical characteristics of the surface (friction, elasticity...) . The combination of the two microscopes is very attractive because they complement each other in terms of depth of field, lateral and vertical resolution, field of view, speed and ability to image insulating surfaces. A multidimensional data space relative to the same area of a sample surface can be constructed, which should help to give new insights into the nature of materials.
Beneficial effects of tandospirone on ataxia of a patient with Machado‐Joseph disease (2002)

Tandospirone citrate (tandospirone) is an anti-anxiety drug that acts by combining with serotonin receptor (5-hydroxytryptamine-1 A [5-HT1A]). Recently, there have been a few reports of its potential role in the treatment of cerebellar ataxia. We report the first case of a patient with Machado-Joseph disease in which we successfully treated cerebellar ataxia. In addition, his leg pain, insomnia, anorexia, and depression, which are thought to be related to 5-HT1A receptors, were also remarkably alleviated by treatment with tandospirone.
Field air sampling of pesticide vapors with polyurethane foam (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTField air sampling of pesticide vapors with polyurethane foamBenjamin C. Turner and Dwight E. GlotfeltyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 1, 7–10Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50009a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50009a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computers & Industrial Engineering (2015)

With the significant evolution of computer technologies, simulation has become a more realistic and effective experiential learning tool to assist in organizational training. Although simulation-based training can improve the effectiveness of training for company employees, there are still many management challenges that need to be overcome. This paper develops a hybrid framework that integrates data mining techniques with the simulation-based training to improve the effectiveness of training evaluation. The concept of confidence-based learning is applied to assess trainees’ learning outcomes from the two dimensions of knowledge/skill level and confidence level. Data mining techniques are used to analyze trainees’ profiles and data generated from simulation-based training for evaluating trainees’ performance and their learning behaviors. The proposed methodology is illustrated with an example of a real case of simulation-based infantry marksmanship training in Taiwan. The results show that the proposed methodology can accurately evaluate trainees’ performance and their learning behaviors and can discover latent knowledge for improving trainees’ learning outcomes.
Differentiating between<i>ortho-</i>and<i>para</i>-Quinone Surface Groups on Graphite, Glassy Carbon, and Carbon Nanotubes Using Organic and Inorganic Voltammetric and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Labels (2007)

ortho-Quinones can be differentiated from other oxygen-containing surface functional groups on the surfaces of graphite, glassy carbon, “bamboo-like”, and “hollow-tube” multiwalled carbon nanotubes and single-walled carbon nanotubes by chemically labeling them with either an inorganic hexamminechromium(III) complex or organic 1,2-phenylenediamine derivatives. Both types of labels can be observed using cyclic voltammetry or by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and used to quantify the numbers and relative distribution of ortho-quinones from other oxygen-containing species on the surface including electroactive para-quinones which are not labeled. Labeling of ortho-quinones with 1,2-phenylenediamine derivatives results in the formation of phenazine-like adducts on the graphitic surface which have a distinct voltammetry particularly from that of the underivatized para-quinones.
Class-Selective Extraction of Polar, Moderately Polar, and Nonpolar Organics from Hydrocarbon Wastes Using Subcritical Water (1997)

The polarity of water drops dramatically when heated under enough pressure to maintain the liquid state. For example, the dielectric constant (ε) of water is 80 at ambient temperature, but drops to ∼30 at 250 °C. Thus, low tem perature water can be used to extract polar organics, while higher temperature water will extract moderately polar and nonpolar organics. Four samples (a soil, a catalyst, and two sludges) were extracted by subcritical water at dif ferent temperatures and pressures. At lower temperatures (50−150 °C), phenols and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) were quantitatively extracted by liquid water, while PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and alkanes were not extracted. At 250 or 300 °C, liquid water effectively extracted PAHs, but the high mo lecular weight alkanes (e.g., >C20) were still not extracted. The quantitative extraction of the high molecular weight alkanes was achieved only by super-heated steam (250 and 300 °C at 5 atm) extractions. Class-selective extractions of phenols, alkylbenzenes, PAHs, and alkanes were achieved by simply changing water temperatures (50−300 °C) or pressures (5−100 atm). The recoveries of all of the target analytes achieved by subcritical water extraction compare favorably (typically 90−120%) to those of conventional organic solvent extractions.
Nanolithography with metastable neon atoms: Enhanced rate of contamination resist formation for nanostructure fabrication (1997)

We report a sevenfold improvement in the rate of contamination resist formation over previous experiments by using metastable neon atoms for nanolithography. Chemically assisted ion beam etching was used to transfer the resist pattern into the substrate. We demonstrate the fabrication of 50-nm-wide features in GaAs with well-defined edges and an aspect ratio &gt;2:1. These are the best resolution and highest aspect ratio features that have been achieved with metastable atom lithography. The resist formation rate by the metastable neon atoms and the etch selectivity of the contamination resist with GaAs were measured.
Multicolor Tuning of (Ln, P)‐Doped YVO<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles by Single‐Wavelength Excitation (2007)

Ein chemisches Chamäleon: Zwei komplementäre Ansätze zur Farbabstimmung sind auf (Ln,P)-dotierte YVO4-Nanopartikel anwendbar. Die Wellenlängen und Intensitätsverhältnisse der Emission können mithilfe von verschiedenen Wirt-Aktivator-Systemen und Dotierungskonzentrationen eingestellt werden. Dieses Verfahren führt nach der Anregung bei einer einzelnen Wellenlänge zu einem breiten Farbspektrum (siehe Bild).
Calculated threshold current of GaAs quantum well lasers (1982)

A model calculation of the threshold current of a laser in a quantum well structure is presented. The band-to-band radiative recombination rate is calculated using a constant density of states and the k-selection rule. This calculation shows that the threshold current of a GaAs single quantum well laser has low-temperature sensitivity (T0∼330 K for T&gt;300 K). The calculated threshold current of a 200-Å-wide GaAs single quantum well laser is ∼550 A/cm2. The results of the calculation are compared with experimental results.
Towards Biomedical Applications for Nucleic Acid Nanodevices (2007)

DNA and RNA can be used to construct artificial nanodevices with strong potential for future biomedical applications. DNA nanodevices can function as biosensors, which detect and report the presence of proteins and naturally occurring nucleic acids, such as mRNA or microRNAs. Complex sensors can be realized by supporting DNA devices with DNA-based information processing. Artificial DNA-based reaction networks can be created that amplify molecular signals or evaluate logical functions to report the simultaneous presence of several disease-related molecules. Other applications for DNA nanodevices are found in controlled release and drug delivery. DNA can be used to build nanocontainers for drugs or switchable hydrogels, which can trap and release compounds. For in vivo applications of DNA nanodevices, techniques for efficient packaging and delivery have been developed and the first examples of intracellular RNA-based nanodevices have already been demonstrated.
Syntheses of dibenzo[<i>c,e</i>][1,2]diselenin and related novel chalcogenide heterocyclic compounds (1991)

Abstract Reaction of 2,2′‐dilithio‐1,1′‐binaphthyl with selenium followed by air oxidation gives a mixture of dinaph‐thoselenophene and dimer and oligomers of 2,2′‐diseleno‐1,1′‐binaphthyl. 2,2′‐Dilithio‐1,1′‐biphenyl reacts with selenium to afford dibenzo[ c,e ][1,2]diselenin. Structures of the dimeric 2,2′‐diseleno‐1,1′‐binaphthyl and dibenzo[ c,e ][1,2]diselenin have been confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analyses. Similar reaction of 2,2′‐dilithio‐1,1′‐binaphthyl with sulfur or tellurium gives a mixture of dinaphthothiophene and dinaphtho[2,1‐ c :‐1′,2′‐e][1,2]dithiin or a mixture of dinaphthotellurophene and oligomer of 2,2′‐ditelluro‐1,1′‐binaphthyl, respectively. Dibenzotellurophene and oligomer of 2,2′‐ditelluro‐1,1′‐biphenyl are obtained from reaction of 2,2′‐dilithio‐1,1′‐biphenyl with tellurium.
Self-positioning and mapping of rectangular rooms with sectorized narrowband antennas (2012)

A system for simultaneous 2D estimation of rectangular room and transceiver localization is proposed. The system is based on two radio transceivers, both capable of full duplex operations (simultaneous transmission and reception). This property enables measurements of channel impulse response (CIR) at the same place the signal is transmitted (generated), commonly known as self-to-self CIR. Another novelty of the proposed system is the spatial CIR discrimination that is possible with the receiver antenna design which consists of eight sectorized antennas with 45° aperture in the horizontal plane and total coverage equal to the isotropic one. The dimensions of a rectangular room are reconstructed directly from spatial radio impulse responses by extracting the information regarding round trip time (RTT). Using radar approach estimation of walls and corners positions is derived. Tests using measured data were performed, and the simulation results confirm the feasibility of the approach.
Highly reversible lithium metal secondary battery using a room temperature ionic liquid/lithium salt mixture and a surface-coated cathode active material (2005)

For the purpose of realizing high-voltage, high-capacity, long-life and safe rechargeable batteries, a lithium secondary battery that uses high-voltage stable ZrO2-coated LiCoO2 cathode powder and a nonvolatile high-safety room temperature ionic liquid was fabricated.
FPGA-BASED MULTI-CORE PROCESSOR (2013)

The paper presents the results of investigations concerning the possibilities of using programmable logic devices (FPGA) for building virtual multi-core processors dedicated to the chosen application. The paper shows the designed architecture of multi-core processor specialized for performing a particular task and discuss its computation efficiency depending on the number of cores being used. The evaluation of the results are also discussed.
Compact pat trees (1998)

Given a text string $S = \sb{s\sb1s\sb2s\sb3\... s\sb{n}},$ we want to preprocess S such that given a pattern $P = p\sb1p\sb2p\sb3\... p\sb{m},$ we can find $\{i\vert s\sb{i\... s\sb{i+m-1}} = P\}$ as efficiently as possible. Suffix trees are a data structure solution to this problem. Unfortunately, when n is large, the storage required by a suffix tree can be prohibitive. This thesis presents several related new representations for a close relative of the suffix tree, the PAT tree, that retain the functionality of suffix trees while requiring a fraction of the storage used by current methods.
The Power of Negative Thinking: Exploiting Label Disagreement in the Min-cut Classification Framework (2008)

Treating classification as seeking minimum cuts in the appropriate graph has proven effective in a number of applications. The power of this approach lies in its ability to incorporate label-agreement preferences among pairs of instances in a provably tractable way. Label disagreement preferences are another potentially rich source of information, but prior NLP work within the minimum-cut paradigm has not explicitly incorporated it. Here, we report on work in progress that examines several novel heuristics for incorporating such information. Our results, produced within the context of a politically-oriented sentiment-classification task, demonstrate that these heuristics allow for the addition of label-disagreement information in a way that improves classification accuracy while preserving the efficiency guarantees of the minimum-cut framework.
Self‐abatement of complex partial seizures (1985)

Seven of 71 patients with complex partial seizures claimed they were able to abate their seizures, while none of 18 with simple partial seizures were able to do so. Self-abatement exercises included highly stereotyped cognitive and physical components unique to the individual. Those who could abate their seizures had attained higher educational status, better social and vocational adjustment, and better psychological adjustment than did the control group of patients with epilepsy. The self-abatement group was also more likely to have right hemispheric electroencephalographic abnormalities. Characterization of the self-abatement group may be relevant to the selection of candidates for behavioral therapy for epilepsy.
Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-2-halo-<scp>l</scp>-ascorbic Acids (1997)

2-Iodo- and 2-bromo-2-deoxy-L-ascorbic acids (2 and 3) were prepared by facile halogenation of 2-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid (6) with NIS and NBS, respectively. Likewise, chlorination with NCS produced 2-chloro-2-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid (4), but formation of 4 was accompanied by formation of the dichloro hemiketal 9. Direct fluorination of 6 with 1-chloro-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) (F-TEDA-BF(4)) gave only the difluoro hemiketal 10. A convenient synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-L-ascorbic acid (5) was achieved by an indirect route. Fluorination of 2-bromo-2-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid (3) with F-TEDA-BF(4) produced the bromofluoro hemiketal 16 as a mixture of diastereoisomers. Debromination with tributyltin hydride gave 5 in good yield.
PyLayers: An open source dynamic simulator for indoor propagation and localization (2013)

PyLayers is a new open source radio simulator. It has been designed to evaluate localization algorithm performances through the realistic simulation of location-dependent parameters (LDPs) in heterogeneous mobile radio networks. The radio channel is synthesized by using a novel graph-based ray tracing method which has been introduced in order to improve performances in mobile ray-tracing scenarios where geometrical information reuse from one mechanical time-step to another is advantageous. PyLayers can synthesized the narrow band, wide band or ultra wide band (UWB) channel impulse response and thus allows to produced various kind of location dependent parameters as the widely used LDPs received power an time of arrival. Realistic movement of pedestrian agents into the building layout is modeled with a virtual forces approach. The simulated data can be directly exploited with one of the original built-in localization algorithms or be exported to various standards file extensions for external post-processing. Examples of typical PyLayers outputs are provided.