gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sonochemical Preparation of Nanosized Amorphous NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Particles (1997)

Nanosized amorphous NiFe2O4 powder was prepared by sonochemical decomposition of solutions of volatile organic precursors, Fe(CO)5 and Ni(CO)4, in decalin at 273 K, under an oxygen pressure of 100−150 kPa. The amorphous nature of these particles was confirmed by various techniques, such as SEM, TEM, electron microdiffraction, and X-ray diffractograms. Magnetic measurements, Mössbauer, and EPR spectral studies indicated that the as-prepared NiFe2O4 ferrite particles were superparamagnetic. The Mössbauer spectrum of the crystallized sample showed a clear sextet pattern, with hyperfine field values of 500 and 508 kOe for A (tetrahedral) and B (octahedral) sublattices, respectively, of the inverse spinel NiFe2O4. Saturation magnetization of the annealed sample (25 emu/g) was significantly lower than that for the reported multidomain bulk prticles (55 emu/g), reflecting the ultrafine nature of the sample. Thermogravimetric measurements with a permanent magnet gave Curie temperatures of 440 °C for amorphous and 560 °C for the crystallized forms.
Preparation of titanium phosphates with additives in hydrothermal process and their powder properties for cosmetics (2012)

In this study, titanium phosphates were prepared from titanium chloride and phosphoric acid, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium triphosphate solutions with water retention compounds in hydrothermal process as a novel white pigment for cosmetics. Their chemical composition, powder properties, photo catalytic activity, water retention and smoothness were studied. The addition of glycerin in the preparation from sodium pyrophosphate has the useful method to obtain homogenized spherical particles of titanium phosphate pigments for the cosmetics. These titanium phosphates had less photo catalytic activity to protect the sebum on the skin.
Ultrasonic transesophageal measurement of hemodynamic parameters in humans. (1978)

A noninvasive method has been developed to monitor centerline blood velocity waveforms and vessel diameter in the descending aorta and pulmonary artery of conscious humans. An esophageal endoscope fitted with miniature ultrasound transducers is swallowed and positioned in the esophagus near vessels of interest. The transducers are connected to ultrasound Doppler velocimeters and echotrack instrumentation to obtain the pertinent hemodynamic parameters. This paper describes the design and fabrication of the esophageal ultrasound transducers and the techniques involved in human applications. In addition, blood velocity and wall motion measurements obtained in conscious men at rest and during exercise are described.
Varactor-tuned integrated Gunn oscillators (1968)

Electronic tuning of Gunn diodes in hybrid integrated circuits has been studied. Microstrip transmission lines were used to form resonant circuits into which a Gunn diode and a varactor diode were mounted to provide the microwave power and frequency tuning, respectively. Basically, two types of circuits have been investigated. The first is a half-wavelength open-circuited microstrip `cavity' with this transmission line and the varactor diode attached between the end of the cavity and an RF ground. The second is a lumped LC circuit in which the inductance of a short high-impedance microstrip line is resonated with the lumped capacitance of the varactor diode. The latter circuit provides a tuning range of over 10 percent at 7.5 GHz. The power output varies within 2 dB in the tuning range.
Modelling of porous media by renormalization of the Stokes equations (1985)

The permeability of a random array of fixed spheres has been calculated over the range of volume fractions from dilute to almost closest packing, by assuming pairwise-additive (low-Reynolds-number) hydrodynamic interactions within an effective medium. Non-convergent pair interactions arising from the long-range decay of the Stokeslet were removed by renormalizing the Stokes equation to determine the permeability of the effective medium, i.e. to include the mean screening effect of the other spheres. Pair interactions in this Brinkman medium were calculated by the method of reflections in the far field and boundary collocation in the near field. The permeability predicted by the theory asymptotes correctly to established results for dilute arrays, and compares favourably (within 15%) with the Carman correlation for volume fractions between 0.3 and 0.5. The magnitude also falls within the range of exact results for periodic arrays at the higher concentrations, but our model does not reproduce the dependence on structure. Use of the Brinkman equation with an effective viscosity leads to an apparent slip velocity at the boundary of a porous medium. Our calculation of the bulk stress via volume averaging determines the effective viscosity and hence the slip coefficient unambiguously for dilute porous media. However, at concentrations corresponding to the available experimental results the lengthscale characterizing pressure or velocity gradients becomes comparable to the interparticle spacing, and the averaging technique fails. Indeed the Brinkman equation itself is no longer valid.
Priority Scheduling Rules for Repairable Inventory Systems (1982)

Improved priority scheduling rules are presented for a repair shop supporting a multi-item repairable inventory system with a hierarchical product structure. A variety of scheduling rules are evaluated using a simulation of a representative shop and product structure. The results indicate that dynamic rules which use inventory status information perform better than other dynamic or static rules which ignore inventory status; moreover, dynamic rules which use work-in-process inventory information outperform dynamic rules which ignore work-in-process inventory levels. In the simulation, the use of improved scheduling rules provides performance equivalent to a 20% reduction in spares inventory.
Viscous effects in droplet-ejecting capillary waves (1997)

Surface waves produced by parametric excitation experience a transition between simply connected waves and droplet-ejecting waves when the applied forcing exceeds a threshold level. Our measurements on a number of different fluids indicate that low-viscosity fluids have threshold accelerations which depend on only surface tension and forcing frequency while high viscosity fluids have thresholds which depend on only viscosity and forcing frequency. Models for the transition based on the condition that the wavelength, waveheight ratio approaches a fixed value at the transition are consistent with our observations.
Microsoft Word 2010 In Depth (2010)

Beyond the BasicsBeneath the SurfaceIn Depth Microsoft Word 2010 IN DEPTH Advice and techniques that you need to get the job done. Looking for ways to streamline your work so you can focus on maximizing your time? In Depth provides specific, tested, and proven solutions to the problems you run into every daythings other books ignore or oversimplify. This is the one book you can rely on to answer the questions you have now and will have in the future. In Depth offers Comprehensive coverage with detailed solutions Breakthrough techniques and shortcuts that are unavailable elsewhere Practical, real-world examples with nothing glossed over or left out Troubleshooting help for tough problems you cant fix on your own Outstanding authors recognized worldwide for their expertise and teaching style Quick information via sidebars, tips, reminders, notes, and warnings In Depth is the only tool you need to get more done in less time! CATEGORY: Office Applications COVERS: Microsoft Word 2010 quepublishing.com
Establishment and characterization of bone marrow stromal cell lines that support osteoclastogenesis. (1995)

We established bone marrow stromal cell lines that support tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cell [TRAcP(+)MNC] formation by using transgenic mice harboring simian virus 40 large T antigen gene. The morphology of these TM cell lines (large T-immortalized marrow cells) was spindle-like at sparse cell density, whereas it became smaller and cuboidal at confluence. The TM cell lines showed diverse ranges of activity in supporting TRAcP(+)MNC formation when they were examined in the cocultures with spleen cells in the presence of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Among these cell lines, TM8 supported the TRAcP(+)MNC formation most efficiently (from 400-1500 cells/well) when cocultured with spleen cells. Another bone marrow-derived cell line, TM5, supported TRAcP(+)MNC formation in the coculture assay, whereas the efficiency was approximately one fifth that of TM8. Interestingly, TM8 cells also supported TRAcP(+)MNC formation even in the cocultures at low serum concentration (0.5% fetal bovine serum) with an efficiency yielding over 200 TRAcP(+)MNCs/well. TM8 cells expressed certain levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor messenger RNAs (mRNAs), but low levels of c-fms mRNA. Expression of c-kit mRNA in TM5 and TM8 cells was undetectable. 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment enhanced the expression of osteopontin mRNA more than 10-fold in these cells, indicating the presence of the receptor for this steroid. These TRAcP(+)MNCs, which developed in the cocultures of the TM8 and spleen cells, formed pits when cultured on bone slices, indicating that they were capable of resorbing bone. The various levels of expression of these genes and the difference in the supporting activities for the TRAcP(+)MNC development in the diverse TM cell lines suggest the heterogeneity in the marrow cell populations in vivo regarding their activity in supporting osteoclastogenesis.
Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis: Methods, Models, and Mechanisms (2011)

Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a major health problem facing aging societies. The identification of osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells in human tissue has led to a major paradigm shift in the field. CAVS was thought to be a passive, degenerative process, whereas now the progression of calcification in CAVS is considered to be actively regulated. Mechanistic studies examining the contributions of true ectopic osteogenesis, nonosseous calcification, and ectopic osteoblast-like cells (that appear to function differently from skeletal osteoblasts) to valvular dysfunction have been facilitated by the development of mouse models of CAVS. Recent studies also suggest that valvular fibrosis, as well as calcification, may play an important role in restricting cusp movement, and CAVS may be more appropriately viewed as a fibrocalcific disease. High-resolution echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging have emerged as useful tools for testing the efficacy of pharmacological and genetic interventions in vivo. Key studies in humans and animals are reviewed that have shaped current paradigms in the field of CAVS, and suggest promising future areas for research.
Byzantine generals in action (1984)

A fail-stop processor halts instead of performing an erroneous state transformation that might be visible to other processors, can detect whether another fail-stop processor has halted (due to a failure), and has a predefined portion of its storage that will remain unaffected by failures and accessible to any other fail-stop processor. Fail-stop processors can simplify the construction of fault-tolerant computing systems. In this paper, the problem of approximating fail-stop processors is discussed. Use of fail-stop processors is compared with the state machine approach, another general paradigm for constructing fault-tolerant systems.
The competitive effects of serum proteins on cell adhesion (1984)

Binding curves for the adsorption of plasma fibronectin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin and bovine serum albumin to plain and to hydroxylated polystyrene surfaces were measured. These curves were correlated with the adhesion of BHK cells and leucocytes to these adsorbed protein surfaces in protein-free culture media. Hydroxylated polystyrene adsorbed less of alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin and albumin than the plain polystyrene. On the other hand the hydroxylated surfaces bound more fibronectin than the plain polystyrene surfaces. Hydroxylated polystyrene surfaces were also more adhesive for both BHK cells and leucocytes than plain polystyrene: a result confirming earlier work. The competition of fibronectin for adsorption to plain polystyrene with alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin and ceruloplasmin was measured and correlated with effects on cell adhesion. The results suggest that the low adhesiveness of BHK cells and leucocytes on plain polystyrene in sera-containing media is due both to the low binding of fibronectin and to the binding of serum albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin. The relative unimportance of fibronectin in adhesion to these surfaces is shown by the finding that cell attachment will not occur to polystyrene surfaces that have bound high levels of the antiadhesive proteins in the presence of fibronectin, even though attachment will occur in the absence of fibronectin provided that the antiadhesive proteins are lacking.
Adjustable-frequency drive system for North Sea gas pipeline (1998)

This paper provides a brief history and overview of the 100,000,000 m/sup 3/-of-gas/d Troll Project, the largest gas project in Europe, with an expected lifetime of 50 years. A system description details the selection of five 40-MW 12-pulse adjustable-speed drives and their accompanying turbo rotor synchronous motors and five harmonic filters, back-to-back testing, compressor string testing on through startup of the unit trains, and the first year's operating history.
Synthesis and transport properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">NbO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(0.75≤<i>x</i>≤0.90) (1993)

Polycrystalline samples of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{NbO}}_{3}$ (0.75\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.90) have been successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction technique using TiO as a reducing agent. Powder x-ray-diffraction analysis indicated that the samples with x\ensuremath{\ge}0.80 were single phase of the cubic perovskite structure. Electrical resistivity of each sample exhibited metallic behavior at temperatures below 300 K. For the samples with x0.90, the magnetic susceptibility was nearly temperature independent (Pauli paramagnetic), while the sample with x=0.90 showed a Curie-Weiss behavior. Since the thermoelectric power coefficient (S) was found to be negative for all the samples in the temperature range between 10 and 300 K, the dominant charge carriers in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{NbO}}_{3}$ (0.75\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.90) were thought to be electrons. On the contrary, the nonlinear temperature dependence of S indicated that electrons in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{NbO}}_{3}$ were not simply metallic but rather similar to those in amorphous metals.
Different nature of process-induced and stress-induced defects in thin SiO<sub>2</sub> layers (2003)

High-temperature anneal in hydrogen ambient is performed at the end of a CMOS manufacturing process to recover the process-induced defects. The authors focus on the recovery and wearout of thin gate oxides (3.3 nm) during repetitive stress-anneal-stress cycles. Thermal annealing at 450 /spl deg/C leads to detrapping phenomena and to the complete recovering of electrically induced defects. On the other hand, the same thermal annealing is not capable of fully recovering the process-induced damage. The kinetic of defect recovering (and not the number of defects annealed out) strongly depends on the amount of latent damage.
A creep in the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital in India (2011)

Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) creep has been observed in studies from western countries. Staphylococcus aureus strains with increased MIC to vancomycin are associated with worse outcomes compared with more susceptible strains. Recognition of this phenomenon - the development of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, and the subsequent glycopeptide MIC creep - is important, since it may be a precursor to heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) and VISA.
Fundamentals of college geometry (1969)

Encompasses modern reforms in content and concepts in presenting the basic structure of geometry along with deductive and inductive reasoning.
Optimizing frequency and pulse shape for ultrasound current source density imaging (2012)

Electric field mapping is commonly used to identify irregular conduction pathways in the heart (e.g., arrhythmia) and brain (e.g., epilepsy). Ultrasound current source density imaging (UCSDI), based on the acoustoelectric (AE) effect, is a promising new technique for mapping electrical current in four dimensions with enhanced resolution. The frequency and pulse shape of the ultrasound beam affect the sensitivity and spatial resolution of UCSDI. In this study, we explore the effects of ultrasound transducer frequency bandwidth and coded excitation pulses for UCSDI and the inherent tradeoff between sensitivity and spatial resolution. We used both simulations and bench-top experiments to image a time-varying electrical dipole in 0.9% NaCl solution. To study the effects of ultrasound bandwidth, we chose two ultrasound transducers with different center frequencies (1.0 and 2.25 MHz). For coded excitation, we measured the AE voltage signal with different chirp excitations. As expected, higher bandwidth correlated with improved spatial resolution at the cost of sensitivity. On the other hand, chirp excitation significantly improved sensitivity (3.5 μV/mA) compared with conventional square pulse excitation (1.6 μV/mA) at 1 MHz. Pulse compression achieved spatial resolution similar to that obtained using square pulse excitation, demonstrating enhanced detection sensitivity without loss of resolution. Optimization of the time duration of the chirp pulse and frequency sweep rate can be further used to improve the quality of UCSDI.
Rae, John (1796–1872) (2008)

John Rae was born in Aberdeen on 1 June 1796 into a merchant and shipping family. He graduated from the University of Aberdeen in 1815 and read medicine in the University of Edinburgh, but had to abandon his studies when his father’s business failed in 1817. He emigrated to Canada in 1822 and turned to medical practice (whence ‘Dr’ Rae) and school teaching. He also participated in public affairs, but his career was shattered in 1848 when he was dismissed on spurious grounds after becoming embroiled in controversies about church control of education. Rae set out to start a new life first in California, and then the Hawaiian island of Maui. After another 20 years of farming, teaching, providing medical services to the natives, and serving as district judge and notary public, Rae went to live with a former pupil in New York, where he died on 12 July 1872.
Polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stent for treatment of chronic total occlusions of native coronaries: Results of a Taxus CTO registry (2005)

The purpose of this prospective nonrandomized study was to evaluate both safety and efficacy of the polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting Taxus stent for treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions. Drug-eluting stents have been proven safe and efficacious in suppressing neointimal proliferation when used in simple native de novo coronary lesions. However, there are only limited data on safety and efficacy of these stents for treatment of more difficult lesion subsets, especially chronic total occlusions. Forty-five consecutive symptomatic patients with chronic total coronary occlusions were included in this observational single-arm study. Only patients with successfully crossed occlusions were enrolled. Primary endpoints were binary restenosis and late lumen loss at 6-month angiographic follow-up. Secondary endpoints were MACE at 30-day and 6-month follow-up. The 30-day MACE rate was 0%. At 6 months, the cumulative MACE-free survival was 84.4%. There were no deaths, myocardial infarctions, or stent thrombosis up to 6 months poststenting. At angiographic follow-up, the in-stent restenosis rate was 13.2% (5/38). There was a total of five in-stent restenoses, with three focal and two diffuse restenosis patterns. The in-segment late lumen loss was 0.13 +/- 0.58 mm. The stent edge analyses revealed a late loss of 0.21 +/- 0.66 proximally and a negative late loss of -0.10 +/- 0.67 at the distal edge segment. This study shows safety and indicators of efficacy of implantation of the paclitaxel-eluting Taxus stent for treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions. The quantitative angiographic analysis revealed beneficial results with respect to the efficacy surrogates binary restenosis rate and late loss.
Combining three antibodies nullifies feedback-mediated resistance to erlotinib in lung cancer (2015)

Despite initial responses to targeted kinase inhibitors, lung cancer patients presenting with primary epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations acquire resistance, often due to a second-site mutation (T790M). However, clinical trials found no survival benefits in patients treated with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to EGFR that should block activation of the mutated receptor and thus bypass resistance to molecules that target the catalytic or ATP-binding site. Using cell lines with the T790M mutation, we discovered that prolonged exposure to mAbs against only the EGFR triggered network rewiring by (i) stimulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway; (ii) inducing the transcription of HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and HER3, which encode other members of the EGFR family, and the gene encoding HGF, which is the ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase MET; and (iii) stimulating the interaction between MET and HER3, which promoted MET activity. Supplementing the EGFR-specific mAb with those targeting HER2 and HER3 suppressed these compensatory feedback loops in cultured lung cancer cells. The triple mAb combination targeting all three receptors prevented the activation of ERK, accelerated the degradation of the receptors, inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells but not of normal cells, and markedly reduced the growth of tumors in mice xenografted with cells that were resistant to combined treatment with erlotinib and the single function-blocking EGFR mAb. These findings uncovered feedback loops that enable resistance to treatment paradigms that use a single antibody and indicate a new strategy for the treatment of lung cancer patients.