gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of iphosphamide (2-(2-chloroethylamino)-3-(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide) and production of a toxic iphosphamide metabolite. (1973)

Summary Iphosphamide [2 - (2 - chloroethylamino) - 3 - (2 - chloroethyl)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide] is metabolized by mouse liver microsomes in the presence of reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide and oxygen. When purified aldehyde oxidase is added, the initial metabolites do not appear in quantity; but a single, anionic product is present. After chemical methylation, the mass spectrum of the product of the aldehyde oxidase reaction is identical to that of 2-carbomethoxyethyl N,N′-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidate. The initial oxidation reaction for Iphosphamide has a Km of 1.0 mm, and cyclophosphamide is a competitive inhibitor with a K1 of 1.1 mm. Iphosphamide is a competitive inhibitor of cyclophosphamide oxidation, with a K1 of 1.0 mm compared to a Km of 0.5 mm. The initial metabolites of Iphosphamide are toxic to L1210 cells. Mice given injections of these cells, which have been exposed to the initial metabolites, have a longer life-span than those inoculated with untreated cells. The product of the aldehyde oxidase reaction is not toxic in such tests. Dogs rapidly metabolize Iphosphamide, and only a small amount of unchanged compound appears in the urine. Metabolites that have been isolated from dog urine are 4-keto-Iphosphamide and (after chemical methylation) 2-carbomethoxyethyl N,N′-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidate.
A monolithic 3 to 40 GHz HEMT distributed amplifier (2003)

A monolithic 3-to-40-GHz distributed amplifier has been developed using 0.25- mu m HEMTs (high-electron-mobility transistors) with mushroom gate profile, as an active device. This amplifier consists of five 0.25- mu m HEMTs with variable gate widths and on-chip biasing circuit. The chip size is 2.3*0.8 mm. A measured gain of 8 dB from 3 to 33 GHz and a measured midband noise figure of 3 dB from 10 to 30 GHz were achieved. The authors note that these are the best reported results for an amplifier over this bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Psychovisual saliency in color images (2013)

Visual attention is an indispensable component of complex vision tasks. When looking at a complex scene, our ocular perception is confronted with a large amount of data that needs to be broken down for processing by our psychovisual system. Selective visual attention provides a mechanism for serializing the visual data, allowing for sequential processing of the content of the scene. A Bottom-Up computational model is described that simulates the psycho-visual model of saliency based on features of intensity and color. The method gives sequential priorities to objects which other computational models cannot account for. The results demonstrate a fast execution time, full resolution maps and high detection accuracy. The model is applicable on both natural and artificial images.
ALKALI - AGGREGATE REACTIONS AND THE MIDDLE EAST (1976)

This article considers the deterioration of concrete structures because of the decomposition of the concrete from which they are made. It is suggested that the reason for deterioration is often the reaction between the aggregate and the cement paste. Good aggregates are especially difficult to find in the middle east, and the authors quote examples from this region in a discussion of the problem. Examples are quoted of the effects of alkali-silica reaction and alkali-carbonate reaction, and the results obtained when sections of damaged concrete were examined with A petrological microscope are discussed. A detailed examination of existing concrete structures in the area of proposed works is considered to be a valuable means of judging the performance of local aggregates, and a possible scheme of technical investigation is illustrated by means of a flow diagram. In particular, detailed petrographic, mineralogical and chemical data when compared with similar data already available for reactive aggregates may provide the most satisfactory means of identification of potentially reactive material. /TRRL/
8.2: A High Resolution Autostereoscopic Display Employing a Time Division Parallax Barrier (2006)

Abstract We have developed the high‐resolution auto‐stereoscopic 3D display for the first time in the world. For this, we suggested time division(TD) parallax barrier method. For the time division multiplexing image separation, we have adapted 2.2″ AMOLED panel for Imager and we have fabricated fast driving circuit, which operated in more than 240Hz frame rate. Also we have designed and fabricated OCB mode LC barrier shutter for fast responses. We can see 3‐D image at 300mm viewing distance with 3‐D resolution that is same as 2‐D resolution.
Flow of fluids through porous mediums (1966)

This paper is a preliminary report on the flow of heterogeneous fluids in porous permeable mediums as a sum of energy terms, which can be evaluated either by experiment or straightforward calculation. From experiments with air-water interfaces moving through simple synthesized permeable specimens we concluded that a driving agency must supply a characteristic minimum energy per unit volume of fluid injected. This minimum energy is quantitatively equal to the sum of a series of individually measured terms of the form γnΔAn, where γn is the surface energy per unit area of the nth interface and ΔAn is the change in area of the nth interface. The values of γ for water displacing air on Teflon specimens and water displacing air on glass were +46 ergs/cm2 and −30 ergs/cm2, respectively. The energy required for the alternate expansion and contraction of the air-water interface during its transit through passages of varying cross section was shown to be conserved within the experimental error of 10%. Volumes of individual pores were measured and pore volume frequency histograms constructed. A pore could be characterized in terms of volume and energy. Pore shapes were estimated from the data. The method and apparatus have yielded data reproducible within ±10% for specimens with individual pore volumes of the order of 10−5 cm3 and larger. The apparatus can be refined and the range over which smaller pores can be detected can be extended.
Expression of the <i>Tgf</i>β<i>2</i> Gene During Chick Embryogenesis (2011)

We performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) β2 during chick embryogenesis from stage 6 to 30 (Hamburger and Hamilton, J Morphol 1951;88:49-92) using in situ hybridization. During cardiogenesis, Tgfβ2 was expressed in the endothelial/mesenchymal cells of the valvulo-septal endocardial cushion tissue and in the epicardium until the end of embryogenesis. During the formation of major arteries, Tgfβ2 was localized in smooth muscle progenitors but not in the vascular endothelium. During limb development, Tgfβ2 was expressed in the mesenchymal cells in the presumptive limb regions at stage 16, and thereafter it was localized in the skeletal muscle progenitors. In addition, strong Tgfβ2 expression was seen in the mesenchymal cells in the pharyngeal arches. Tgfβ2 mRNA was also detected in other mesoderm-derived tissues, such as the developing bone and pleura. During ectoderm development, Tgfβ2 was expressed in the floor plate of the neural tube, lens, optic nerve, and otic vesicle. In addition, Tgfβ2 was expressed in the developing gut epithelium. Our results suggest that TGFβ2 plays an important role not only in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions but also in cell differentiation and migration and cell death during chick embryogenesis. We also found that chick and mouse Tgfβ2 RNA show very similar patterns of expression during embryogenesis. Chick embryos can serve as a useful model to increase our understanding in the roles of TGFβ2 in cell-cell interactions, cell differentiation, and proliferation during organogenesis.
Magnetic Tape for Data Storage: An Enduring Technology (2008)

Magnetic tape as used for data storage is reviewed. Attributes such as bit and track densities, tape cartridge capacities and data rates are discussed in terms of the growth seen over time together with future trends envisioned for tape. Tape has seen almost six orders of magnitude density increase since its introduction as a computer data storage device in the early 1950's with 1 Terabyte native capacity tape cartridges being introduced into the market. The recording methods and technologies used for tape data storage devices are outlined and tapes position in the storage landscape discussed. Most of the world's data is stored and archived on magnetic tape primarily because of its long shelf life and favorable cost factors.
Two phosphatases for 6-phospholysine and 3-phosphohistidine from rat brain. (1993)

6-Phospholysine phosphatase (30 kDa) and 3-phosphohistidine/6-phospholysine phosphatase (150 kDa) were purified partially from rat brain cytosol. The former hydrolyzed 6-phospholysine to inorganic phosphate and lysine, and the Km value was 0.83 mM. The latter hydrolyzed 6-phospholysine or 3-phosphohistidine to inorganic phosphate and lysine or histidine, and the Km values were 0.78 and 0.37 mM for 6-phospholysine and 3-phosphohistidine, respectively. Moreover, the latter enzyme preparation dephosphorylated AMP, GMP, and p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Substrate specificities of both enzymes were distinct from those of N omega-phosphoarginine phosphatase (Kuba, M., Ohmori, H., and Kumon, A. (1992) Eur. J. Biochem. 208, 747-752) and phosphoamidase (EC 3.9.1.1), indicating that there are phosphatases corresponding to N-phosphorylated basic amino acids. The possibility that these enzymes work in vivo as protein phosphatases to regulate the level of N-phosphorylated proteins is discussed.
Fixed frequency AC current controller for a three phases voltage source inverter (2003)

The performance of AC current supplies depends on the characteristic of the current control technique. Constant switching frequency, high dynamics and robustness are the main criteria for selecting current regulators. A linear controller allows obtaining constant switching frequency, which generates a well-defined harmonics spectrum. Nonlinear controllers are more robust and enable to obtain higher current dynamics, but are characterized by widely varying switching frequency. Used for a long time for current control of DC-DC converters, peak current controllers also allow imposing a constant switching frequency with fast dynamics of the current loop. However, they generate a static error. In this paper, we propose an adaptation of an AC current control method with constant switching frequency firstly developed for one phase AC current controller and applied for an AC three phases current controller. This controller is a hybrid controller using both sliding mode control and peak current control. The sliding mode controller generates robustness properties according to load parameter variations. The peak controller method ensures rapid dynamic response and a fixed switching frequency and is well adapted to the current tracking issues like harmonic filtering. In addition, its implementation is relatively simple. The principle of the AC current controller for a three-phase system is detailed. An average model of this controller is proposed, which takes into account fast reference variations. This model enables to determine the time response and the current overflow for given controller parameters. To explain the irregular current behavior, not foreseen by the average model, a mathematical analysis adapted from the chaos theory is done. Both simulations and experimental results are given to validate theoretical modeling.
Hybrid TiO 2 nanoparticles: an approach for developing site specific DNA cleavage (2006)

We have developed hybrid light responsive TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles electronically linked to PNA oligonucleotides that site specifically bind to double stranded target DNA. This opens a new opportunity for the development of a highly efficient "artificial restriction enzyme" whose activity can be controlled by using light. The work focuses on the use of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites as analogs of restriction enzymes with unique specificity that does not exist in current biological approaches. TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles electronically linked to DNA or PNA adapters have been site-specifically attached along double stranded λ DNA vectors. Illumination of this assembly results in selective oxidation of DNA at the deepest "thermodynamic traps" located closest to the nanoparticle surface, causing DNA cleavage. We investigate the effect of the sequence and length of DNA and PNA adapters on the specificity of DNA cleavage. Related to this issue, the potential use of TiO<sub>2</sub>/DNA nanocomposites as "rare cutters" that cleave DNA in the places not achieved with existing protein-based enzymes is investigated.
Acidic fibroblast growth factor (HBGF‐1) stimulates DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures (1990)

Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) stimulated DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures in a dose-dependent manner with maximal effect at 10-50 ng ml-1. This activity was dependent on the presence of heparin at a concentration of 10-50 micrograms.ml-1. Insulin interacted synergistically with aFGF, as it did with epidermal growth factor (EGF). The response to aFGF was only 50% that found with EGF. The disparity was not due to different kinetics of DNA synthesis, since the peak response for both growth factors occurred at 36-72 hr after plating of the hepatocytes. The potential relevance of this novel hepatocyte mitogen to normal and pathological liver growth is discussed.
A differential integrator with a built-in high-frequency compensation (1998)

A novel integrator with differential inputs is described. The integrator uses a single RC network to control the integration action of the circuit. It performs at higher frequencies with higher quality factors than the traditional differential integrator. Simulation and experimental results support the theoretical derivations.
Use of dynamic compliance for open lung positive end-expiratory pressure titration in an experimental study (2006)

In this experimental model, the continuous monitoring of dynamic compliance identified the beginning of collapse after lung recruitment. These findings were confirmed by oxygenation and computed tomography scans. This method might become a valuable bedside tool for identifying the level of PEEP that prevents end-expiratory collapse.
Characterization of a sugar/polyol uptake system in the red alga Galdieria sulphuraria (1999)

The unicellular, acido- and thermophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria is unique in its ability to grow heterotrophically on at least 27 different sugars and polyols. The enzymatic machinery necessary for metabolizing this variety of compounds is constitutively expressed in the alga. The uptake system, however, has to be induced. From in vivo studies we conclude that the uptake system consists of several transporters with a partly overlapping substrate specificity. These transporters can be grouped into hexose, polyol and pentose transporters. The mode of induction depends on the substrate supplied for heterotrophic growth. When autotrophic cells were supplied with hexoses, hexose and polyol transporters were induced from the onset of heterotrophic conditions. Depletion of substrate in the medium triggered the induction of other transporters. Dulcitol, as well as other polyols and pentoses, led to a co-induction of all transporters as judged from induction and competition experiments. The heterotrophic capabilities of Galdieria are intriguing, because the natural habitat of the alga contains only traces of organic carbon. The substrates for heterotrophic growth apparently originate from decaying cells releasing hydrolysed cell material. Trace amounts of glucose were sufficient for the induction of sugar uptake in Galdieria. The co-induction of transporters obviously enables the cells in endolithic mats to import a wide spectrum of organic carbon in order to survive periods of light limitation.
Discovery of metyltetraprole: Identification of tetrazolinone pharmacophore to overcome QoI resistance (2019)

Quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) are one of the major agricultural fungicide groups used worldwide. However, the development of resistance by different pathogenic species associated with specific mutation at the target gene site is becoming a critical issue for the sustainable use of QoIs. The authors aimed to design a novel QoI molecule to overcome the aforementioned issue. A rational approach to avoid steric hindrance between the QoI molecule and the mutated target site was successfully employed. The resulting compound, metyltetraprole, is characterized by 3-substituted central ring with a tetrazolinone moiety, the key structure to retain potent activity against QoI-resistant mutants. Metyltetraprole is a promising new fungicide under commercial development, and its development in this study has paved the way to overcoming resistance to QoI fungicides.
Showing instead of telling (2002)

We propose the use of dynamic visual representations to augment traditional static text as documentation. In other words, we suggest using live demonstrations or moving pictures to show people how to do things, and not just using written or spoken words to tell them what to do. We present and illustrate examples of five methods and technologies for creating such dynamic documentation, and summarize what is known about their effectiveness.
Enforcing system-wide control flow integrity for exploit detection and diagnosis (2013)

Modern malware like Stuxnet is complex and exploits multiple vulnerabilites in not only the user level processes but also the OS kernel to compromise a system. A main trait of such exploits is manipulation of control flow. There is a pressing need to diagnose such exploits. Existing solutions that monitor control flow either have large overhead or high false positives and false negatives, hence making their deployment impractical. In this paper, we present Total-CFI, an efficient and practical tool built on a software emulator, capable of exploit detection by enforcing system-wide Control Flow Integrity (CFI). Total-CFI performs punctual guest OS view reconstruction to identify key guest kernel semantics like processes, code modules and threads. It incorporates a novel thread stack identification algorithm that identifies the stack boundaries for different threads in the system. Furthermore, Total-CFI enforces a CFI policy - a combination of whitelist based and shadow call stack based approaches to monitor indirect control flows and detect exploits. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation of Total-CFI on DECAF, built on top of Qemu. We tested 25 commonly used programs and 7 recent real world exploits on Windows OS and found 0 false positives and 0 false negatives respectively. The boot time overhead was found to be no more than 64.1% and the average memory overhead was found to be 7.46KB per loaded module, making it feasible for hardware integration.
Circulating Leukocyte Counts, Activation, and Degranulation in Dahl Hypertensive Rats (1995)

Previous evidence has shown that rats with spontaneous hypertension have on average about twice as many circulating leukocytes in comparison with their normotensive counterparts, the Wistar-Kyoto rats. Since such high levels of leukocytes may increase the risk for vascular complications for hypertensive animals, it is useful to ascertain whether a comparable derangement is present in other forms of hypertension. The present study deals with the properties of the circulating leukocytes in rats exhibiting another form of experimental hypertension; Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) hypertensive rats were compared with Dahl salt-resistant (Dahl-R) control rats. Measurements were performed to determine the following: circulating hematocrit levels, leukocyte counts, differential counts, number of activated leukocytes (by means of nitro blue tetrazolium [NBT] reduction), leukocyte adhesion in vitro and neutrophil CD-18 expression, alkaline phosphatase activity in individual neutrophils and in the plasma, and myeloperoxidase activity in neutrophils. The experimental cohort consisted of Dahl-S and Dahl-R rats maintained for a 6-week period on a 6% NaCl diet. The results show a highly significant elevation in the number of total leukocytes, neutrophil and monocyte counts, and NBT-positive neutrophils and monocytes in Dahl-S but not Dahl-R rats. There was a significant loss of alkaline phosphatase and myeloperoxidase activity in the neutrophils of the salt-treated Dahl-S rats but not in the neutrophils of the untreated Dahl-S or Dahl-R rats. No significant differences were found in neutrophil adhesion under in vitro test conditions between the two strains maintained on the salt diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
International Consensus Study of Antipsychotic Dosing (2010)

In the absence of adequate prospective, randomized drug-drug comparisons, the present findings provide broad, international, expert consensus-based recommendations for most clinically employed antipsychotic drugs. They can support clinical practice, trial design, and interpretation of comparative antipsychotic trials.
Real‐time quantitative analysis for human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA and human telomerase RNA component mRNA expressions as markers for clinicopathologic parameters in urinary bladder cancer (2006)

Our results demonstrated that the expression of hTERT mRNA correlated with the progression of stage and grade in bladder cancer. The quantitative analysis of hTERT and hTR mRNA might be a marker for clinicopathologic parameters in bladder cancer.
Developing and deploying sensor network applications with AnduIN (2009)

Wireless sensor networks have become important architectures for many application scenarios, e.g., traffic monitoring or environmental monitoring in general. As these sensors are battery-powered, query processing strategies aim at minimizing energy consumption. Because sending all sensor readings to a central stream data management system consumes too much energy, parts of the query can already be processed within the network (in-network query processing). An important optimization criterion in this context is where to process which intermediate results and how to route them efficiently. To overcome these problems, we propose AnduIN, a system addressing these problems and offering an optimizer that decides which parts of the query should be processed within the sensor network. It also considers optimization with respect to complex data analysis tasks, such as burst detection. Furthermore, AnduIN offers a Web-based frontend for declarative query formulation and deployment. In this paper, we present our research prototype and focus on AnduIN's components alleviating deployment and usability.
[Substances with antibacterial and antifungal activity. VII. Synthesis and microbiologic activity of new derivatives of 1,5-diarylpyrrole]. (1989)

The synthesis and antifungal activities of new 1,5-diarylpyrrole derivatives are reported. Antimicrobial data in comparison with pyrrolnitrin show that N-methylpiperazinylamides exhibit very poor activity against Candida albicans and Candida sp. while acid and ester derivatives are inactive. Vice-versa many acid or amide derivatives show interesting antibacterial activity. The results obtained are discussed on the basis of structure-activity relationships.