gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method of replacing ungrounded inductors by grounded gyrators (1965)

This communication describes the inversion property of the gyrator and how, by cascading RC sections with gyrators, the problem of replacing ungrounded inductors with grounded gyrators and capacitors is solved. A practical example of a low-pass third-order elliptic-function filter is given.
The critical role of heterogeneous catalysis in lignocellulosic biomass conversion (2008)

Lignocellulosic biofuels have a tremendous potential to reduce problems caused by our dependence on fossil fuels. The current roadblock with biofuels is the lack of economical conversion technologies. Heterogeneous catalysis offers immense potential in helping to make lignocellulosic biofuels a commercial reality. In this article we discuss the central role of heterogeneous catalysis in biomass conversion. We review the science of catalysis and the different routes to make biofuels. During the last several decades multiple new spectroscopic, theoretical, and synthesis tools are available that allow us to study catalysis at a molecular level. These new tools will allow us to rapidly develop new catalytic processes for the production of cost-efficient lignocellulosic biofuels.
Aisle configurations for unit-load warehouses (2009)

Unit-load warehouses are used to store items—typically pallets—that can be stowed or retrieved in a single trip. In the traditional, ubiquitous design, storage racks are arranged to create parallel picking aisles, which force workers to travel rectilinear distances to picking locations. We consider the problem of arranging aisles in new ways to reduce the cost of travel for a single-command cycle within these warehouses. The proposed models produce alternative designs with piecewise diagonal cross aisles, and with picking aisles that are not parallel. One of the designs promises to reduce the expected distance that workers travel by more than 20% for warehouses of reasonable size. We also develop a theoretical bound that shows that this design is close to optimal.
Evaluation of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coke production and a graphite electrode manufacturing plant: assessment of urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene as a biological indicator of exposure. (1992)

The determination of the urinary excretion of hydroxypyrene in postshift urine samples can be used as a suitable biomarker to assess individual exposure to PAHs in coke ovens and in graphite electrode manufacturing plants.
Targeting microRNA-122 to Treat Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2010)

An important host factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is microRNA-122 (miR-122). miR-122 is a liver-specific member of a family of small, non-coding RNA molecules known as microRNAs that play major roles in the regulation of gene expression by direct interaction with RNA targets. miR-122 binds directly to two sites in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of HCV RNA and positively regulates the viral life cycle. The mechanism by which this regulation occurs is still not fully understood. There has been a great deal of interest in potential therapeutics based on small RNAs, and targeting miR-122 to combat HCV is one of the furthest advanced. Chemical inhibitors of miR-122 can be introduced into mammals intravenously and result in potent and specific knockdown of the microRNA, with no detectable adverse effects on liver physiology. This strategy was recently applied to chimpanzees chronically infected with HCV and resulted in a sustained reduction in viral load in the animals. Inhibition of miR-122 therefore presents a very attractive novel approach to treating HCV, a virus for which improved therapeutics are urgently needed.
Immunofiltration as sample cleanup for the immunochemical detection of β-agonists in urine (2001)

Despite the ban of the European Union on use of drugs to improve animal growth, occasionally beta-agonist drugs are still found in samples from cattle. Over time, the specified limits for the detection of these illegal drugs have been lowered. To improve the immunochemical screening of urine samples to detect lower levels of several beta-agonists, immunofiltration (IF) was applied for sample cleanup in combination with a beta-agonist-ELISA. In the applied IF format, free (non-immobilised) anti-salbutamol polyclonal antibodies were mixed with the urine sample in an ultra-filtration device (cut off 30 kDa) and the sample was removed by centrifugation. The antibody bound beta-agonists were freed from the antibodies by the addition of a mixture of methanol and 0.1 M acetic acid (1:1; v/v) and centrifugation. The filtrate, containing the free beta-agonists, was evaporated to dryness and the residue dissolved in buffer, an aliquot of which was analysed with the beta-agonist ELISA. Compared with the direct beta-agonist ELISA, this IF cleanup procedure resulted in a 30-times lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.14 ng ml(-1) (salbutamol equivalents). The anti-salbutamol antibodies recognised several beta-agonists and the combination of IF with the beta-agonist ELISA was found suitable for the detection of at least ten beta-agonists in urine with comparable LODs.
Graphics displays for operator aid in telemanipulation (2002)

High-fidelity real-time computer graphics displays have been developed to provide operator aid in telemanipulation. The roles of graphics displays in teleoperation include task visualization, preview prior to actual execution, and predictive displays under communication time delay. A force-reflecting teleoperation simulation has been developed for operator training. A brief review is presented of preview and predictive displays, and a force-reflecting teleoperation trainer is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Robust techniques for evaluating biometric cryptographic key generators (2008)

Humans are unable to generate and remember strong secrets, and thus have difficulty managing cryptographic keys. To address this problem, numerous proposals have been suggested to enable people to reliably generate high-entropy cryptographic keys from measurements of their physiology or behavior. Typically, evaluators argue that these Biometric Cryptographic Key Generators (BKGs) achieve some notion of security, for example, that the biometric input resists forgery, or that the keys have high entropy. Unfortunately, despite these arguments, many BKGs succumb to attacks in practice. The goal of this work is to understand why typical security arguments fail to identify practical attacks. We revisit the security requirements of BKGs and show that common arguments overlook practical subtleties. We provide examples of such oversights by examining three general classes of adversaries. First, we study the impact of humans who can replicate other users ’ biometrics with high accuracy, and demonstrate why typical evaluation techniques fail to identify these forgers. Second, we explore Generative techniques that combine information about a target user with population statistics to create forgeries. We show that these forgeries can subvert BKGs with high likelihood. Third, we propose an
Monitoring free tissue transfer using laser speckle imaging (2006)

Blood velocity information can be extracted by analyzing, either temporally or spatially, laser speckle (LS) patterns generated when a laser source illuminates the tissue. While a temporal analysis, such as that used for laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), provides high spatial resolution, the time required to obtain flow data in vivo on large areas of tissue limits its utility. The LS imaging (LSI) technique combines the nonscanning, full-field, LS method and the modified multiple scattering algorithms developed for LDV analysis to retrieve blood velocity parameters. It provides a noninvasive means for realtime, quantitative measurements of subtle changes in the tissue vasculature. This paper describes the use of the LSI technique on free flap measurements of a swine model and compares the results with those obtained using an LDV probe. Both the LSI and the LDV measurements showed similar results - blood velocity and flow decreased about 10%-33% from the tip to the caudal base of the flap, respectively. The difference between the tip and the caudal base is a measure of flap ischemia. However, tissue pigmentation affects the blood flow parameters retrieved from the LDV measurements, it does not affect the blood velocity parameters retrieved from the LSI measurements. Both techniques were also used during free tissue transfer procedures in patients to demonstrate the utility of the LSI for monitoring the status of the graft.
Dry-etching damage to magnetic anisotropy of Co-Pt dot arrays characterized using anomalous Hall effect (2012)

Using high-resolution e-beam lithography and ion beam etching, dot arrays were formed from Co–Pt alloy films with perpendicular magnetization. Dry-etching damage to uniaxial magnetic anisotropy Ku of the fabricated dot arrays was examined. Hcp–Co75Pt25 films and L11-type Co50Pt50-ordered alloy films with film thickness δ of 3, 5, and 10 nm were used for this study. Dot diameter D was varied from 10 nm to 400 nm. The effective magnetic anisotropy of the dots, Kueff, was measured using the generalized Sucksmith–Thompson method with anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and an averaged AHE signal over 100–71,000 dots. By compensating the dot shape anisotropy, Ku was calculated from Kueff. The Ku for a dot array of D = 400 nm was almost equal to that for an original continuous film, but Ku decreased gradually for D &lt; 30 nm. The circumferential area (periphery) of dots with width WD was assumed to be damaged by etching. The damaged area was inferred as Ku = 0 with original saturation magnetization Ms. The WD values, as estimated using experimental data, were 1.6–1.8 nm for hcp–Co75Pt25 dot arrays independent of δ (δ = 3–10 nm) and 1.8–1.9 nm for L11–Co50Pt50 dot arrays (δ = 3–5 nm). For all dot arrays, Ku at D = 10 nm were nearly half those for the original continuous films, suggesting that films having Ku of twice that for original films were necessary to overcome Ku reduction by etching damage.
Hybridization Efficiency of the Adhesive/Dentin Interface with Wet Bonding (2003)

Although it is generally proposed that dentin bonding results from adhesive infiltration of superficially demineralized dentin, it is not clear how well the resin monomers seal the dentin collagen fibrils under wet bonding conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the quality and molecular structure of adhesive/dentin (a/d) interfaces formed with wet bonding as compared with adhesive-infiltrated demineralized dentin (AIDD) produced under controlled conditions (optimum hybrid). From each extracted, unerupted human 3rd molar, one fraction was demineralized, dehydrated, and infiltrated with Single Bond (SB) adhesive under optimum conditions; the remaining, adjacent fraction was treated with SB by wet bonding. AIDD and a/d interface sections were stained with Goldner's trichrome; corresponding sections were analyzed with micro-Raman spectroscopy. The histomorphologic and spectroscopic results suggest that, under wet bonding, the a/d interface is a porous collagen web infiltrated primarily by the hydrolytically unstable HEMA.
Reinhard Peesch, Holzgerät in seinen Urformen (1971)

Stahl Paul-Henri. Reinhard Peesch, Holzgerat in seinen Urformen. In: Etudes rurales, n°42, 1971. p. 192.
La nueva sociología: propuesta de un modelo de análisis de las sociedades en Riesgo Bajo la perspectiva del método transdisciplinario de Niklas Luhmann (2010)

A crise teórica e de método da sociologia baseada na velha racionalidade simplificada, rígida, disciplinada, fragmentada e parcial dominada por espectros sectoriais que carecem de uma visáo dos conjuntos, é substituída pela proposta do sociólogo alemáo Niklas Luhmann. Luhmann defende que a unidade na sociologia pode dar-se através de novas lógicas de entender o mundo, ou seja, a unidade pode acontecer na diferença que implica a extrapolaçáo de conceitos e categorias científicas de outras disciplinas próximas à análise social, as quais se resignificam e inserem-se na teoria social que se acredite para compreender as sociedades complexas, ou sociedades em perigo, próprias do nosso tempo. No presente trabalho, apresentam-se as principais teorias em que Luhmann se baseou para edificar a sua própria Teoria Geral dos Sistemas Sociais.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) induces premature cell death in the mammary glands of transgenic mice (2002)

We have previously demonstrated that IGFBP-5 production by mammary epithelial cells increases dramatically during involution of the mammary gland. To demonstrate a causal relationship between IGFBP-5 and cell death we created transgenic mice expressing IGFBP-5 in the mammary gland using a mammary-specific promoter, beta-lactoglobulin. DNA content in the mammary glands of transgenic mice was decreased as early as day 10 of pregnancy. Histological analysis indicated reduced numbers of alveolar end buds, with decreased ductal branching. Transgenic dams produced IGFBP-5 in their milk at concentrations similar to those achieved at the end of normal lactation. Mammary cell number and milk synthesis were both decreased by approximately 50% during the first 10 days of lactation. BrdU labelling was decreased, whereas DNA ladders were increased in transgenic animals on day 1 of lactation. On day 2 postpartum, the epithelial invasion of the mammary fat pad was clearly impaired in transgenic animals. The concentrations of the pro-apoptotic molecule caspase-3 and of plasmin were both increased in transgenic animals whilst the concentrations of 2 prosurvival molecules Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L)were both decreased. In order to examine whether IGFBP-5 acts by inhibiting the survival effect of IGF-I we examined IGF receptor phosphorylation and Akt phosphorylation and showed that both were inhibited. We attempted to "rescue" the transgenic phenotype by using growth hormone to increase endogenous IGF-I concentrations or by implanting minipumps delivering an IGF-1 analogue, R(3)-IGF-1, which binds weakly to IGFBP-5. Growth hormone treatment failed to affect mammary development suggesting that increased concentrations of endogenous IGF-1 are insufficient to overcome the high concentrations of IGFBP-5 produced by these transgenic animals. In contrast mammary development (gland weight and DNA content) was normalised by R3-IGF-I although milk production was only partially restored. This is the first demonstration that over-expression of IGFBP-5 can lead to; impaired mammary development, increased expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule caspase-3, increased plasmin generation and decreased expression of pro-survival molecules of the Bcl-2 family. It clearly demonstrates that IGF-I is an important developmental/survival factor for the mammary gland and, furthermore, this cell death programme may be utilised in a wide variety of tissues.
Encryption using KEA and SKIPJACK (2000)

This document defines a method to encrypt a file transfer using the specification STD 9, RFC 959, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), (October 1985) [3] and RFC 2228, FTP Security Extensions (October 1997) [1]. This method will use the Key Exchange Algorithm (KEA) to give mutual authentication and establish the data encryption keys. SKIPJACK is used to encrypt file data and the command channel.
Radiation shielding materials and radiation scatter effects for interventional radiology (IR) physicians (2012)

New non-Pb compound materials, particularly single layers or bilayers incorporating Bi(2)O(3), can reduce the weight of radiation protection materials while providing equivalent or better protection compared to Pb-based materials. Attenuation measurements in geometries that exclude the contribution from fluorescence substantially underestimate the quantity of transmitted radiation. A new Bi(2)O(3)-loaded hand cream demonstrated a novel and effective approach for hand protection. Standard testing protocols for radiation protection materials used by IR physicians specify a wider kVp range than is necessary. A more realistic range would acknowledge the lower kVp resulting from scatter and allow IR physicians to confidently utilize lighter-weight materials while still receiving adequate protection. Standards protocols incorporating the adjustments described in this work would maintain the safety of IR personnel and lessen the physical repercussions of long hours wearing unnecessarily heavy radiation protection garments.
Anti-inflammatory activity of probiotic Bifidobacterium: Enhancement of IL-10 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ulcerative colitis patients and inhibition of IL-8 secretion in HT-29 cells (2008)

Probiotic Bifidobacterium strains in BFM enhance IL-10 production in PBMNC and inhibit IL-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting that BFM has anti-inflammatory effects against ulcerative colitis.
A Low-Cost Aqueous Two-Phase System for Affinity Extraction (1990)

Low-cost maltodextrins can be combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form aqueous two-phase systems which are useful for protein separations. The physical characteristics of the maltodextrin/PEG two-phase systems are described in this paper along with their application towards the purification of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase
Human Detection Based on the Generation of a Background Image by Using a Far-Infrared Light Camera (2015)

The need for computer vision-based human detection has increased in fields, such as security, intelligent surveillance and monitoring systems. However, performance enhancement of human detection based on visible light cameras is limited, because of factors, such as nonuniform illumination, shadows and low external light in the evening and night. Consequently, human detection based on thermal (far-infrared light) cameras has been considered as an alternative. However, its performance is influenced by the factors, such as low image resolution, low contrast and the large noises of thermal images. It is also affected by the high temperature of backgrounds during the day. To solve these problems, we propose a new method for detecting human areas in thermal camera images. Compared to previous works, the proposed research is novel in the following four aspects. One background image is generated by median and average filtering. Additional filtering procedures based on maximum gray level, size filtering and region erasing are applied to remove the human areas from the background image. Secondly, candidate human regions in the input image are located by combining the pixel and edge difference images between the input and background images. The thresholds for the difference images are adaptively determined based on the brightness of the generated background image. Noise components are removed by component labeling, a morphological operation and size filtering. Third, detected areas that may have more than two human regions are merged or separated based on the information in the horizontal and vertical histograms of the detected area. This procedure is adaptively operated based on the brightness of the generated background image. Fourth, a further procedure for the separation and removal of the candidate human regions is performed based on the size and ratio of the height to width information of the candidate regions considering the camera viewing direction and perspective projection. Experimental results with two types of databases confirm that the proposed method outperforms other methods.
Regulatory Mechanisms for Modulation of Signaling through the Cell Integrity Slt2-mediated Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)

Signal transduction mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Slt2 pathway is essential to maintain the cell wall integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Stimulation of MAPK pathways results in activation by phosphorylation of conserved threonine and tyrosine residues of MAPKs. We have used an antibody that specifically recognizes dually phosphorylated Slt2 to gain insight into the activation and modulation of signaling through the cell integrity pathway. We show that caffeine and vanadate activate this pathway in the absence of osmotic stabilization. The lack of the putative cell surface sensor Mid2 prevents vanadate- but not caffeine-induced Slt2 phosphorylation. Disruption of the Rho1-GTPase-activating protein genes SAC7 and BEM2 leads to constitutive Slt2 activation, indicating their involvement as negative regulators of the pathway. MAPK kinases also seem to participate in signaling regulation, Mkk1 playing a greater role than Mkk2 in signal transmission to Slt2. Additionally, one of the phosphatases involved in Slt2 dephosphorylation is likely to be the dual specificity phosphatase Msg5, since overexpression of MSG5 in a sac7Delta mutant eliminates the high Slt2 phosphorylation, and disruption of MSG5 in wild type cells results in increased phospho-Slt2 levels. These data present the first evidence for a negative regulation of the cell integrity pathway.
Design optimization of soft-switched insulated DC/DC converters with active voltage clamp (2002)

The use of an active voltage clamp in insulated DC/DC converters allows a limitation of the voltage stress due to transformer leakage inductance, a reduction of the commutation losses, and an increase of the switching frequency. It is therefore important to ensure soft switching in the whole operating range; the penalty is a considerable worsening of converter efficiency and electromagnetic noise generation. In this paper a design approach of insulated converters with active voltage clamp is presented, which allows soft switching from no load to full load. The approach is described for the case of a flyback converter but is valid also for Sepic and Cuk topologies. Experimental results of a 100 W-300 kHz converter demonstrate the excellent performances obtained according to the proposed design procedure: switch overvoltage less than 20% of the nominal value in any operating condition and overall converter efficiency above 83% from 50% to 100% of rated load.
Saving Milk Through Masculinity: Public Health Officers and Pure Milk, 1880–1930 (2005)

Abstract In the early twentieth and late nineteenth centuries, milk was considered both the perfect food and a vector for many diseases. Given this dichotomy, the protection of the milk supply became one of the most important jobs of urban public health officers. In taking on this task, male public health officers took control of a substance that, because of its association with women and child-rearing, was considered feminine. This paper follows the promotion and protection of milk by public health departments and officials during the period 1880–1930 and the importance of masculinity in shaping this history. Masculinity affected milk protection in two major ways. First, male public health officers partially appropriated a task formerly often performed by women. Second, in order to protect milk, it was separated from its female origins through technology and regulation.