gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2-Phase 2-stage capacitor-less gate driver for Gallium Nitride Gate Injection Transistor for reduced gate ringing (2015)

Increasingly stringent requirements for higher power density and efficiency have driven development for lower on-resistance (Ron) and gate charge (Qg) power transistors. Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) are good contenders for replacing conventional Si power transistors. This work attempts to develop a driver IC to fulfil specific needs of Gallium Nitride Gate Injection Transistor (GIT), which is a non-insulated gate enhancement mode GaN power transistor. In order to supply a forward gate current, a two stage driver is a strong contender to resolve this issue. The application of GaN GITs typically target applications where the slew rates are required to be high. High slew rate results in ringing and current clamping at the gate. This project proposes a 2-phase circuit to reduce the gate ringing. Simulation is conducted to verify the design and the proposed design demonstrates reduction in gate ringing.
An open-source research kit for the da Vinci® Surgical System (2014)

We present a telerobotics research platform that provides complete access to all levels of control via open-source electronics and software. The electronics employs an FPGA to enable a centralized computation and distributed I/O architecture in which all control computations are implemented in a familiar development environment (Linux PC) and low-latency I/O is performed over an IEEE-1394a (FireWire) bus at speeds up to 400 Mbits/sec. The mechanical components are obtained from retired first-generation da Vinci ® Surgical Systems. This system is currently installed at 11 research institutions, with additional installations underway, thereby creating a research community around a common open-source hardware and software platform.
A collective route to metastasis: Seeding by tumor cell clusters (2016)

Despite decades of study, there are still many unanswered questions about metastasis, the process by which a localized cancer becomes a systemic disease. One of these questions is the nature of the tumor cells that give rise to metastases. Although conventional models suggest that metastases are seeded by single cells from the primary tumor, there is growing evidence that seeding requires the collective action of tumor cells traveling together in clusters. Here, we review this evidence, which comes from analysis of both experimental models and patient samples. We present a model of metastatic dissemination that highlights the activities of clusters of tumor cells that retain and require their epithelial properties.
Use of 3-quinuclidinyl 4-iodobenzilate as a receptor binding radiotracer. (1985)

3-Quinuclidinyl 4-iodobenzilate was shown to bind to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) by testing the saturability and the stereoselectivity in the corpus striatum, cerebellum, and the heart. But the ratio of radioactivity in tissues containing different concentrations of mAChR was less than the ratio of mAChR concentrations determined by in vitro saturation assay. As a result, the sensitivity to change in receptor concentration by external imaging will be reduced for this receptor binding radiotracer.
Expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase linked to chemoradiation susceptibility of human colon cancer cells (2014)

Our overall results demonstrate that mPEPCK is a useful predictor of a response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.
Molecular Motions and Phase Transitions in Solid CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbX<sub>3</sub> (X = C1, Br, I) as Studied by NMR and NQR (1991)

Abstract The temperature dependence of 35 C1, 81 Br, and 127 I NQR frequencies and 1 Hspin-lattice relaxation times (T 1 ) for CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) was measured through the successive phase transitions in these solids. The isotropic reorientation of the CH 3 NH 3 ions takes place in the higher-temperature phases (tetragonal [I4/mcm] and cubic) of the three salts (E a = 11 kJ mol -1 ). T 1 's in the lowest-temperature phases (orthorhombic) indicate that the cations undergo correlated C 3 -reorientation in the chloride (E a = 5.45 kJ mol -1 )and in the iodide (E a = 5.80 kJ mol -1 , whereas correlated (E a = 2.40 kJ mol -1 ) and uncorrected (E a = 7.50 kJ mol -1 ) C 3 - reorientations are excited in the bromide. It is also revealed that the rotational tunneling of the cations governs T 1 at lowtemperature region in the orthorhombic phases of these salts
Self-provisioned hybrid clouds (2010)

Virtual Organizations are dynamic entities that consist of individuals and/or institutions established around a set of resource-sharing rules and conditions. The VO may require the use of on-site (local) and off-site (public) compute resources that can be leased or autonomically provisioned, based on workload and site policies. Virtual Organization Clusters provide the necessary computing infrastructure by building upon existing physical grid sites without disrupting the existing infrastructure or requiring any engagement from end users. VOCs also separate the physical and virtual administrative domains and thus encourage more sites to participate in the resource sharing and hosting. The VO can relinquish the compute resources based on job completion or other operational parameters such as cost. This paper expands on previous work with the Virtual Organization Cluster Model by demonstrating its scalability across multiple grid sites with the use of a structured peer-to-peer overlay networking system. A novel approach by which the model is extended to lease-based systems, such as the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), is introduced.
A hierarchical clustering algorithm based on density for data stratification (2012)

Cluster analysis is a primary method for data mining. Existing cluster approaches use global input parameters. But the real data can't be described by them, and each input parameter will have a significant effect to the result. A new algorithm named HDBSCAN will be introduced for the purpose of cluster analysis which can produce nature stratification. The algorithm have a preprocess procedure which use graph to express the structure of neighborhood, thus the parameters can be easily set, this is important for determination of input parameters; and then a hierarchical approach based on density clustering algorithm is used to analysis the data with the different Eps-neighborhood. At last the relationship among the cluster results will be got by scanning the cluster results above. We show how to get the intrinsic clustering structure and show the results. Both theory analysis and experimental results confirm the approach can cluster data with automatic setting different parameters in different partitions.
Microbial Degradation of Poly(amino acid)s (2004)

Natural poly(amino acid)s are a group of poly(ionic) molecules (ionomers) with various biological functions and putative technical applications and play, therefore, an important role both in nature and in human life. Because of their biocompatibility and their synthesis from renewable resources, poly(amino acid)s may be employed for many different purposes covering a broad spectrum of medical, pharmaceutical, and personal care applications as well as the domains of agriculture and of environmental applications. Biodegradability is one important advantage of naturally occurring poly(amino acid)s over many synthetic polymers. The intention of this review is to give an overview about the enzyme systems catalyzing the initial steps in poly(amino acid) degradation. The focus is on the naturally occurring poly(amino acid)s cyanophycin, poly(epsilon-L-lysine) and poly(gamma-glutamic acid); but biodegradation of structurally related synthetic polyamides such as poly(aspartic acid) and nylons, which are known from various technical applications, is also included.
Peltier-actuated microvalves: performance characterization (2004)

Valves for microfluidic systems have, for various reasons, proven to be difficult to fabricate, cumbersome to operate, and/or unreliable. We have explored the performance of a novel microfluidic valve formed by creating a flow channel past a Peltier junction. Using the Peltier junction as a thermoelectric cooler causes the fluid in the valve to freeze, forming a plug that blocks flow through the valve. Reversing the current in the Peltier junction causes the fluid to melt, reopening the valve. This type of valve is fundamentally leak-free, has no moving parts, and is electrically actuated. We have fabricated an experimental prototype capable of closing in less than one second, and of opening substantially faster. We have also developed a finite-element thermal model of the valve, and exercised it to optimize valve design. An optimized valve is predicted to have a cycle time on the order of 10 ms.
The free movement of persons living with HIV / AIDS. (2000)

This article focuses on a book that proposes that restriction of free movement of people living with HIV/AIDS is discriminatory and ineffective. The book states that there is no distinction between tourist and migration with respect to protection against HIV/AIDS. In European Union (EU) law, free movement is a basic principle and preventing it may oppose the principle of nondiscrimination. The book is based on a 1997 survey, updated in 1998. It analyzes international and national laws of 64 developing, 27 central and eastern European and 15 member states of the EU. The book also makes three recommendations: 1) states should not allow new measures that prevent freedom of movement on the basis of HIV status; 2) states could review their existing measures, and working with public health doctors, national or EU judges should assess court judgements and laws; 3) limits to the freedom of movement for HIV-infected people should be eliminated.
New synthesis of .beta.-agarofuran and of dihydroagarofuran (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthesis of .beta.-agarofuran and of dihydroagarofuranGeorge Buechi and Hans WueestCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 4, 546–549Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01318a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01318a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views704Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of microstructure on media noise of CoCrTa thin film media fabricated under ultra clean sputtering process (1995)

Ultra clean sputtering process (UC-process) was introduced in the fabrication of Co/sub 85.5/Cr/sub 10.5/Ta/sub 4/Cr thin film media. Magnetic properties, microstructure and their effect on media noise are discussed against the thickness of Cr underlayer. By applying the UC-process, coercive force H/sub c/ shows high values of about 2.3 kOe isotropically until 10 nm in Cr thickness. High H/sub c/ of about 1.5 kOe remains at even 2.5 nm. UC-process is found to enable the enhancement of the formation of Cr segregated grain boundary structure, which reduces intergranular exchange coupling even in the media with 2.5 nm in Cr thickness. The ratio of readback signal to media noise S/Nm gradually increases with decreasing Cr thickness, and shows the highest value at 2.5/spl sim/5 nm. In the media with sufficiently separated grains by segregated grain boundaries, the reduction of the grain size with decreasing Cr thickness is found to be most effective for the improvement of S/Nm.
Reduction of transient signal oscillations in true‐FISP using a linear flip angle series magnetization preparation (2002)

An electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered, magnetization-prepared, segmented, 3D true fast imaging with steady-state precession (true-FISP) sequence with fat saturation was recently proposed for coronary artery imaging. A magnetization preparation scheme consisting of an alpha/2 radiofrequency (RF) pulse followed by 20 constant flip angle dummy RF cycles was used to reduce signal oscillations in the approach to steady state. However, if large resonance offsets on the order of 70-100 Hz are present, significant magnetization oscillations will still occur during data acquisition, which will result in image ghosting and blurring. The goal of this work was to validate that a linear flip angle (LFA) series can be used during magnetization preparation to reduce these image artifacts. Computer simulations, phantom studies, and coronary artery imaging in healthy volunteers were performed to compare this magnetization preparation scheme with that of an alpha/2 pulse followed by constant flip angle dummy RF cycles. The results demonstrated substantial reduction in the apparent image artifacts when using linearly increasing flip angles during magnetization preparation.
Separating respiration artifact in microwave doppler radar heart monitoring by Independent Component Analysis (2010)

With a microwave radar, chest wall movements originating from cardiac and respiratory activity can be recorded non-contactly. A major challenge is how to separate the desired low-amplitude cardiac signal from large-amplitude artifacts, such as respiration. Commonly, the separation is performed with a narrow band-pass filter. This causes the signal edges to be rounded, which complicates the accurate timing estimation in the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. In addition, the harmonics of the respiration signal might fall into the same frequency spectrum as the cardiac signal. In this study, we recorded data with two radars and studied signal separation using a complex-valued Independent Component Analysis (ICA). After ICA, the respiratory signal is greatly attenuated, although still present, in two of the independent components (ICs). However, respiration harmonics are reduced as well, and thus, the residual respiratory signal can be removed by filtering.
Analytical FcRn affinity chromatography for functional characterization of monoclonal antibodies (2013)

The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is important for the metabolic fate of IgG antibodies in vivo. Analysis of the interaction between FcRn and IgG in vitro might provide insight into the structural and functional integrity of therapeutic IgG that may affect pharmacokinetics (PK) in vivo. We developed a standardized pH gradient FcRn affinity liquid chromatography method with conditions closely resembling the physiological mechanism of interaction between IgG and FcRn. This method allows the separation of molecular IgG isoforms, degradation products and engineered molecules based on their affinity to FcRn. Human FcRn was immobilized on the column and a linear pH gradient from pH 5.5 to 8.8 was applied. FcRn chromatography was used in comparison to surface plasmon resonance to characterize different monoclonal IgG preparations, e.g., oxidized or aggregated species. Wild-type and engineered IgGs were compared in vitro by FcRn chromatography and in vivo by PK studies in huFcRn transgenic mice. Analytical FcRn chromatography allows differentiation of IgG samples and variants by peak pattern and retention time profile. The method can distinguish: 1) IgGs with different Fabs, 2) oxidized from native IgG, 3) aggregates from monomer and 4) antibodies with mutations in the Fc part from wild-type IgGs. Changes in the FcRn chromatographic behavior of mutant IgGs relative to the wild-type IgG correlate to changes in the PK profile in the FcRn transgenic mice. These results demonstrate that FcRn affinity chromatography is a useful new method for the assessment of IgG integrity.
A novel design of optical cross-connects with multi-granularity provisioning support for the next-generation Internet (2004)

This paper proposes a scalable design for next-generation optical cross-connects (OXCs), where a novel strategy for dimensioning the network switching capability as a long term planning is presented. When traffic demand grows, the proposed scheme simply expands the switching capacity of OXCs in waveband- and fiber-switching tiers. To minimize the number of extra fibers for waveband- and fiber-switching tiers required to satisfy a given traffic matrix, we formulate the problem of routing and wavelength assignment with tunnel allocation (RWAT) into two integer linear programming (ILP) processes that are performed sequentially. Experiments are conducted on two sample networks to compare the throughput and the number of switch points when the networks adopt different switching architectures with different traffic loads. We conclude that the proposed optimization scheme can dimension the networks with expandability and scalability to the growing traffic demand.
Progress on MEMS-scanned ladar (2016)

The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has continued to research a short-range ladar imager for use on small unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) and recently small unmanned air vehicles (UAV). The current ladar brassboard is based on a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror coupled to a low-cost pulsed erbium fiber laser. It has a 5-6 Hz frame rate, an image size of 256 (h) x 128 (v) pixels, a 42º x 21º field of regard, 35 m range, eyesafe operation, and 40 cm range resolution with provisions for super-resolution. Experience with driving experiments on small ground robots and efforts to extend the use of the ladar to UAV applications has encouraged work to improve the ladar’s performance. The data acquisition system can now capture range data from the three return pulses in a pixel (that is first, last, and largest return), and information such as elapsed time, operating parameters, and data from an inertial navigation system. We will mention the addition and performance of subsystems to obtain eye-safety certification. To meet the enhanced range requirement for the UAV application, we describe a new receiver circuit that improves the signal-to-noise (SNR) several-fold over the existing design. Complementing this work, we discuss research to build a low-capacitance large area detector that may enable even further improvement in receiver SNR. Finally, we outline progress to build a breadboard ladar to demonstrate increased range to 160 m. If successful, this ladar will be integrated with a color camera and inertial navigation system to build a data collection package to determine imaging performance for a small UAV.
Distributed Matrix Completion (2012)

We discuss parallel and distributed algorithms for large-scale matrix completion on problems with millions of rows, millions of columns, and billions of revealed entries. We focus on in-memory algorithms that run on a small cluster of commodity nodes, even very large problems can be handled effectively in such a setup. Our DALS, ASGD, and DSGD++ algorithms are novel variants of the popular alternating least squares and stochastic gradient descent algorithms, they exploit thread-level parallelism, in-memory processing, and asynchronous communication. We provide some guidance on the asymptotic performance of each algorithm and investigate the performance of both our algorithms and previously proposed Map Reduce algorithms in large-scale experiments. We found that DSGD++ outperforms competing methods in terms of overall runtime, memory consumption, and scalability. Using DSGD++, we can factor a matrix with 10B entries on 16 compute nodes in around 40 minutes.
In Vitro Selection of Histone H4 Aptamers for Recognition Imaging Microscopy (2007)

Recognition imaging microscopy is an analytical technique used to map the topography and chemical identity of specific protein molecules present in complex biological samples. The technique relies on the use of antibodies tethered to the cantilever tip of an AFM probe to detect cognate antigens deposited onto a mica surface. Despite the power of this technique to resolve single molecules with nanometer-scale spacing, the recognition step remains limited by the availability of suitable quality antibodies. Here we report the in vitro selection and recognition imaging of anti-histone H4 aptamers. In addition to identifying aptamers to highly basic proteins, these results suggest that aptamers provide an efficient, cost-effective route to highly selective affinity reagents for recognition imaging microscopy.
Characterization of the cardiac holotroponin complex reconstituted from native cardiac troponin T and recombinant I and C (1999)

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), the inhibitory subunit of cardiac troponin (cTn), is phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A at two adjacently located serine residues within the heart-specific N-terminal elongation. Four different phosphorylation states can be formed. To investigate each monophosphorylated form cTnI mutants, in which each of the two serine residues is replaced by an alanine, were generated. These mutants, as well as the wild-type cardiac troponin I (cTnI-WT) have been expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized by isoelectric focusing, MS and CD-spectroscopy. Monophosphorylation induces conformational changes within cTnI that are different from those induced by bisphosphorylation. Functionality was assessed by measuring the calcium dependence of myosin S1 binding to thin filaments containing reconstituted native, wild-type and mutant cTn complexes. In all cases a functional holotroponin complex was obtained. Upon bisphosphorylation of cTnI-WT the pCa curve was shifted to the right to the same extent as that observed with bisphosphosphorylated native cTnI. However, the absolute values for the midpoints were higher when recombinant cTn subunits were used for reconstitution. Reconstitution itself changed the calcium affinity of cTnC: pCa50-values were higher than those obtained with the native cardiac holotroponin complex. Apparently only bisphosphorylation of cTnI influences the calcium sensitivity of the thin filament, thus monophosphorylation has a function different from that of bisphosphorylation; this function has not yet been identified.
The Same Side of Two Coins: The Peculiar Phenomenon of Bet-Hedging in Campaign Finance (2005)

The paper addresses the propensity of large donors to give to competing candidates or competing party organizations during the same election cycle – for example, giving money to both Bush and Kerry during the 2004 presidential race – a practice here termed 'bet-hedging.' Bet-hedging is analyzed in strategic and game-theoretic terms. The paper explores the prevalence of bet-hedging, the possible motivations behind the practice, and the informational concerns surrounding it. The paper argues that bet-hedging, out of all donation practices, carries with it a uniquely strong implication of ex post favor-seeking: if a donor prefers one side over the other, by bet-hedging it is at least partially cancelling out its own contribution. If the donor has no preference, there is no rational reason to give its money to either side unless it seeks some kind of recognition, in the form of increased access or influence or in the avoidance of retaliation for not giving, by the eventual victor. The paper thus contends that bet-hedging can (constitutionally) and, though it is a tougher question, should (normatively) be regulated under the Buckley v. Valeo and McConnell v. FEC frameworks.