gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunospecific targeting of cytosine arabinonucleoside-containing liposomes to the idiotype on the surface of a murine B-cell tumor in vitro and in vivo. (1989)

A new tumor model is described that is suitable for the evaluation of antibody-directed drug-delivery protocols and a modification in the procedure for covalently coupling antibody to the surface of drug-containing liposomes is presented. These immunospecific liposomes containing cytosine arabinonucleoside (Ara-C) have been tested in vitro and in vivo for their ability to kill a B-cell tumor. The target of the immunospecific-Ara-C liposomes is the idiotype associated with an antigen-specific immunoglobulin receptor on the cell surface of a murine B-cell hybrid (2C3). Affinity-purified antibodies specific for the idiotype were covalently coupled to modified lipid on the surface of the large unilamelar liposomes containing drug. These liposomes were shown to kill idiotype-positive 2C3 cells in vitro, but not idiotype-negative variants of this same cell line. It was also established in vitro that the drug-containing liposomes were at least 40 times more efficient than free Ara-C in the killing of the tumor cells. The 2C3 tumor was also propagated in vivo following the i.p. administration of tumor cells. The tumor grew initially as multiple foci within the peritoneum and subsequently spread to the spleen. Tumor-bearing mice were treated either with free Ara-C or with immunospecific liposomes containing Ara-C. Tumor growth in the primary tumor nodules and in the spleen was monitored by the administration of bromodeoxyuridine to the tumor-bearing animals followed by the immunofluorescent staining of cells with a monoclonal anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibody to estimate the proportion of cells in S phase. Our data from five out of seven animal experiments shows that the immunospecific-Ara-C liposomes, but not free drug, reduced tumor growth in the spleen. However, neither the liposomes containing drug nor the free drug were able to alter the growth of the primary tumor nodules growing in the peritoneal cavity. These results suggest that immunospecific-Ara-C containing liposomes may be useful in conjunction with other cytoreductive protocols in controlling tumor growth or preventing the spread of the tumor to other sites, but that immunospecific-Ara-C containing liposomes by themselves are not likely to eliminate an established tumor in vivo. We also demonstrate here that the administration of immunospecific-Ara-C containing liposomes in an animal having high levels of circulating tumor-associated antigen (i.e., IgG containing the idiotype) represents a potential clinically relevant hazard which must be considered when designing antibody-directed drug-delivery protocols.
Conifer wood quality and marker-aided selection: a case study (1992)

Using marker-aided selection for improving wood specific gravity in loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) could shorten the generation interval and improve selection response. A genetic map with restriction fragment length polymorphisms and other markers is in progress using a pedigree suited to mapping genes for specific gravity. Mapping quantitative trait loci for specific gravity provides a prototype for demonstrating benefits of marker-aided selection and for testing hypotheses on the mode of gene action in forest tree species. Ultimately, the utility of marker-aided selection must be compared with phenotype-based selection in small specialty populations.
Experimental Determination of Photofission Neutron Multiplicities for <sup>235</sup>U, <sup>236</sup>U, <sup>238</sup>U, and <sup>232</sup>Th Using Monoenergetic Photons (1980)

The prompt neutron multiplicities for photofission of the four isotopes 235U, 236U, 238U, and 232Th have been measured with monoenergetic photons over the energy range from 5.5 to 18 MeV using the annihilation in flight of fast positrons. The delayed neutron yield has been measured for all four isotopes at 10.9- and 16.8-MeV photon energies. The ratio of first- to second-chance fission has been measured as a function of energy up to 17-MeV excitation energy for 236U and 238U photofission.
Polarization multiplexed fluorescence enhancer using a pixelated one-dimensional photonic band gap structure (2012)

Fluorescence enhancement using photonic crystals can produce a significant improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio for single molecule and low molecule-concentration fluorescence imaging in biological and biochemical studies. In this Letter, a pixelated one-dimensional photonic band gap structure was designed to enhance both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations through a spatially multiplexed photonic crystal resonance. The average enhancement of 15.6 and 17.9 fold were experimentally verified for the transverse and longitudinal fields on the same substrate. This device may be used as an optical platform for molecular orientation determination.
Mitochondrial Fusion Directs Cardiomyocyte Differentiation via Calcineurin and Notch Signaling (2013)

Mitochondrial morphology is crucial for tissue homeostasis, but its role in cell differentiation is unclear. We found that mitochondrial fusion was required for proper cardiomyocyte development. Ablation of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mitofusin 1 and 2 in the embryonic mouse heart, or gene-trapping of Mitofusin 2 or Optic atrophy 1 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), arrested mouse heart development and impaired differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes. Gene expression profiling revealed decreased levels of transcription factors transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein, serum response factor, GATA4, and myocyte enhancer factor 2, linked to increased Ca(2+)-dependent calcineurin activity and Notch1 signaling that impaired ESC differentiation. Orchestration of cardiomyocyte differentiation by mitochondrial morphology reveals how mitochondria, Ca(2+), and calcineurin interact to regulate Notch1 signaling.
A new quantizer selection scheme for digital VCR (1997)

A consumer-use digital VCR selects a quantizer for each DCT block based on CLASS and QNO. CLASS is determined for each DCT block according to the characteristic of the block, for example, the maximum value of the AC coefficients. Six DCT blocks comprise a macroblock for which a QNO is determined. All of the quantizers defined in the specifications are numbered from 0 to 15 by QNO. Different quantizers can be referenced by the same QNO and are discriminated by CLASS. We propose a new method to determine these parameters, QNO and CLASS, for the selection of a quantizer per each DCT block. We first determine QNO for a macroblock and then fine-tune the quantizers by adjusting CLASS of each DCT block, For this we propose a modified quantizer map with a reduced set of quantizers, which preserves the compatibility with the conventional one. The results of our experiment show that our method outperforms the conventional method.
Polymerization of ordered tail‐to‐tail vinyl stearate bilayers (1977)

Abstract This study is a continuation of previous work done in this laboratory which has demonstrated the possibility of polymerizing built‐up monomer multilayers in the solid state. In the present work, the formation, structure, and solid‐state polymerization of multilayers of vinyl stearate which can be built up by the method of Langmuir and Blodgett were studied. A new technique to polymerize such films under the water surface was developed. This made possible the formation of poly(vinyl stearate) multilayers with different molecular orientations through bilayer polymerization. The mechanism of deposition and the structure and properties of head‐to‐tail and head‐to‐head, tail‐to‐tail poly(vinyl stearate) multilayers were investigated by using Fourier‐Transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and electron diffraction.
Random graph generation for scheduling simulations (2010)

In parallel and distributed systems, validation of scheduling heuristics is usually done by simulation on randomly generated synthetic workloads, typically represented by task graphs. Since there is no single generation method that models all possible workloads for scheduling problems, researchers o
NMR Solution Structure and Membrane Interaction of the N-Terminal Sequence (1<i>−</i>30) of the Bovine Prion Protein (2004)

The structure and membrane interaction of the N-terminal sequence (1−30) of the bovine prion protein (bPrPp) has been investigated by NMR spectroscopy in phospholipid membrane mimetic systems. CD spectroscopy revealed that the peptide adopts a largely α-helical structure in zwitterionic bicelles as well as in DHPC micelles but has a less degree of α-helix structure in partly charged bicelles. The solution structure of bPrPp was determined in DHPC micelles, and an α-helix was found between residues Ser8 and Ile21. The residues within the helical region show slow amide hydrogen exchange. Translational diffusion measurements in zwitterionic q = 0.5 bicelles show that the peptide does not induce aggregation of the bicelles. Increased quadrupolar splittings were observed in the outer part of the 2H spectrum of DMPC in q = 3.5 bicelles, indicating that the peptide induces a certain degree of order in the bilayer. The amide hydrogen exchange and the 2H NMR results are consistent with a slight positive hydrophobic mismatch and that bPrPp forms a stable helix that inserts in a transmembrane location in the bilayer. The structure of bPrPp and its position in the membrane may be relevant for the understanding of how the N-terminal (1−30) part of the bovine PrP functions as a cell-penetrating peptide. These findings may lead to a better understanding of how the prion protein accumulates at the membrane surface and also how the conversion into the scrapie form is carried out.
Tactile Image Sensors Employing Camera: A Review (2019)

A tactile image sensor employing a camera is capable of obtaining rich tactile information through image sequences with high spatial resolution. There have been many studies on the tactile image sensors from more than 30 years ago, and, recently, they have been applied in the field of robotics. Tactile image sensors can be classified into three typical categories according to the method of conversion from physical contact to light signals: Light conductive plate-based, marker displacement- based, and reflective membrane-based sensors. Other important elements of the sensor, such as the optical system, image sensor, and post-image analysis algorithm, have been developed. In this work, the literature is surveyed, and an overview of tactile image sensors employing a camera is provided with a focus on the sensing principle, typical design, and variation in the sensor configuration.
Fresh connections inspires the produce industry (2016)

The Produce Marketing Association's (PMA) Fresh Connections: Southern African Conference and Expo took place on 17 and 18 August 2016 at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) International Convention Centre in Pretoria. This event is an annual highlight in the industry, and this year's conference left visitors inspired to reach new heights. Some of the role-players in the produce industry that exhibited were Wesgro, Food Lover's Market, ZZ2, Plaas Publishing, Clean Air Nurseries, NNZ Packaging Network, the Agricultural Produce Agents Council (APAC), the Agricultural Business Chamber (Agbiz), Potatoes SA and Syngenta.
Review of Swedish Work on Irradiation Effects in Pressure Vessel Steels and on Significance of Data Obtained (1967)

Tension and impact specimens of several Swedish and U.S. pressure vessel steels have been irradiated to doses between 2 x 1018 and 3 x 1019 neutrons (n)/cm2 (&gt;1 Mev) at temperatures between 40 and 550 C (105 to 1020 F). A saturation effect with respect to dose is obtained in some, but not all, steels at higher irradiation temperatures. Similar steels and even different heats of the same steel in some cases behave differently after irradiation. An attempt has been made to correlate the difference observed when irradiations were made in two different neutron spectra with calculated differences between the two spectra. A method for estimating the brittle-fracture tendency of pressure vessels is described. The crackpropagation transition temperature is used as a criterion of safety. An estimate of this transition temperature at the end of the reactor's lifetime must take effects due to fabrication, welding, geometry, aging, and irradiation into account. The magnitudes of the different factors influencing the final transition temperature are discussed, and the data for the Marviken reactor's pressure vessel are presented.
Interconnecting multi-vendor multi-hop WLAN and internet via hotspot (2009)

Multi-hop WLAN is convenient option to deploy tentative network while it doesn't support multi-vendor and it could be an issue to secure Internet connectivity for at tentative location. We propose wireless device which has both WLAN AP and client capabilities simultaneously. WLAN client interface doesn't have interoperability issue, and also it can be used to connect the multi-hop network to Internet via public WLAN hotspot. We proved that the device worked by series of experiments. This concept can be extended to other wireless technologies such as WiMAX and/or 3G mobile, and can be used to interconnect heterogeneous wireless networks.
A two‐stage bioreactor system for the production of recombinant proteins using a genetically engineered baculovirus/insect cell system (1993)

A two-stage bioreactor scheme was developed for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins using a genetically engineered baculovirus/insect cell system. The first bioreactor was employed for cell growth and the second for cell infection. Silkworm Bm5 cells were infected with a recombinant baculovirus, BmNPV/P5.cat, containing a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of the polyhedrin gene promoter of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV). This recombinant baculovirus has been used as an expression vector for the production of recombinant CAT enzyme. A specific productivity of 82 to 90 microg CAT/(10(6) cells) was obtained using the BmNPV/Bm5 expression system, a yield similar to that achieved using the AcNPV/Sf expression system. Repeated infection of high-density cell cultures did not reduce the specific productivity of the CAT enzyme. Most importantly, the problems associated with the infection of high-density cell cultures were resolved by means of controlled infection conditions and appropriate replenishment of spent culture medium following infection. The glucose uptake rate by the cells following infection was 50% higher than that by the cells before infection. Not only did the infection of high-density cell cultures result in consistent yields of 250 mg/L of CAT enzyme, but also the two-stage bioreactor system was proven to be reliable for a long-term operation beyond 600 h.
Advanced in-plane rotation-invariant correlation filters (1994)

Advanced correlation filter synthesis algorithms to achieve rotation invariance are described. We use a specified form for the filter as the rotation invariance constraint and derive a general closed-form solution for a multiclass rotation-invariant filter that can recognize a number of different objects. By requiring the filter to minimize the average correlation plane energy, we produce a multiclass rotation invariant (RI) RI-MACE filter, which controls correlation plane sidelobes and improves discrimination against false targets. To improve noise performance, we require the filter to minimize a weighted sum of correlation plane signal and noise energy. Initial test results of all filters are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing 2 Support Surfaces (2003)

Regardless of prevention routine, pressure ulcers occur. In this study, the experimental equipment showed statistical significance to standard equipment for prevention of blanching erythema; significance was not achieved for nonblanching erythema. Trend and survival analysis show that a larger study is required to determine whether this nonsignificant difference is genuine.
Development of teaching pendant optimized for robot application (2009)

In factory automation (FA) industry, it is essential for the working environment using industrial robots to be provided with measures that assure operator's safety and good usability of machines. We have studied the operator's safety and usability of portable robotic operation terminals, and have developed the standardized terminals for one-hand operation suitable to many types of applications. The findings and knowledge we obtained through the development materialized recently as the new two-hand portable robotic operation terminal which is designed ergonomically. In this paper, we report on the new operation terminal which provides excellent operational safety and usability, and also a study on the effectiveness of wireless terminals for improving the usability of entire system.
Tumor-preferential sustained drug release enhances antitumor activity of block copolymer micelles (2014)

Nanoparticles are widely used as drug carriers for controlled, tumor-targeted delivery of various anticancer agents that have biopharmaceutical limitations such as water solubility and tissue permeability. Growing evidence suggests that nanoparticles not only reduce toxic side effects of anticancer drugs but also improve the therapeutic efficacy as a function of their drug-release profile. The purpose of this study is to confirm such hypothetical effects of tunable drug release on improving antitumor activity of nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo, using block copolymer micelles as drug carriers. Micelles were prepared from poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartate) block copolymers modified with hydrazide (HYD), aminobenzoate hydrazide (ABZ) and glycine hydrazide (GLY) linkers to achieve a pH-dependent, tunable release of doxorubicin (DOX), a model anticancer drug. Regardless of the drug-release profile, all three micelles showed similar properties in vitro, such as pH-dependent drug release, intracellular drug delivery and cancer cell growth inhibition. However, micelles releasing DOX slowly in vitro showed that the most effective antitumor activity in vivo, compared to the micelles releasing drugs faster. These results demonstrate that tumor-preferential sustained drug release can enhance the antitumor activity of the micelles.
Hemoglobins in Human Fetuses: Evidence for Adult Hemoglobin Production After the 11th Gestational Week (1972)

Abstract Hemoglobin patterns were examined in human fetuses in order to determine the onset of synthesis of adult hemoglobin in fetal red cells. In fetuses younger than 11 gestational wk, hemoglobin A could not be detected with electrophoretic techniques. A small amount of adult hemoblobin was constantly present, however, in hemolysates from fetuses older than 11 gestational wk, and it had the structural properties of adult hemoglobin A. Heterozygous fetuses had hemoglobins C and A or S and A as early as the 11th and 13th gestational wk. The findings are compatible with onset of beta hemoglobin gene action as early as the 11th gestational wk and synthesis of approximately 5% of adult hemoglobin by the end of the first and throughout the second trimester of gestation.
Next generation CoreConnect/spl trade/ processor local bus architecture (2003)

The CoreConnect/spl trade/ next generation Processor Local Bus is a new, advanced technology bus architecture from IBM. This new bus architecture is substantially improved over previous generations, continuing its performance and feature leadership in high performance, open SOC buses. CoreConnect/spl trade/ is targeted for high performance embedded applications in wired and wireless communications, networking, storage, and pervasive applications. This architecture provides SOC designers with a low power, high performance on-chip bus with server-class capabilities for single and multiple processors.
A Software Accelerated Life Testing Model (2010)

Software system developed for a specific user under contract undergoes a period of testing by the user before acceptance. This is known as user acceptance testing and is useful to debug the software in the user's operational circumstance. In this paper we first present a simple non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP)-based software reliability model to assess the quantitative software reliability under the user acceptance test, where the idea of an accelerated life testing model is introduced to represent the user's operational phase and to investigate the impact of user's acceptance test. This idea is applied to the reliability assessment of web applications in a different testing environment, where two stress tests with normal and higher workload conditions are executed in parallel. Through numerical examples with real software fault data observed in actual user acceptance and stress tests, we show the applicability of the software accelerated life testing model to two different software testing schemes.
Localized multiple adaptive interpolation filters with single-pass encoding (2010)

Adaptive interpolation filtering (AIF) algorithms have been proposed to enhance the hybrid video coding scheme recently. Although these algorithms can improve coding efficiency significantly, their encoders suffer huge increase in complexity in terms of latency and memory access due to its inherent multi-pass encoding procedure. In this paper, we present a novel single-pass solution for these algorithms, which allows optimal selection among different interpolation filters. In this solution, time-delayed interpolation filters are used to achieve single-pass encoding, and localized ratedistortion (RD) selection is used to compensate the possible coding loss from time-delayed filters. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient for All AIF techniques in current ITU-T/SG16 reference software. By using the proposed method, single-pass encoding with multiple AIF filters can be achieved while maintaining similar coding efficiency as multi-pass AIF.
Predictive control of district heating network using fuzzy DMC (2012)

This paper presents a concept for controlling the supply temperature in district heating networks (DHN) using model predictive control. Due to the inherent nonlinearity in the response characteristics caused by varying flow rates the use of Fuzzy Direct Matrix Control (DMC) is proposed. The fuzzy regions of the local Finite Impulse Response (FIR) models are determined by an axis-orthogonal, incremental partitioning scheme. It is demonstrated that the Fuzzy DMC performs well for the case study considered. In addition, different set point strategies are applied and the results are evaluated with respect to operational cost. In this context it is shown that the trade-off between pumping and heat loss cost plays an important role in minimizing overall cost.