gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic applications of radiolabeled peptides in nuclear endocrinology. (1999)

Regulatory peptides are small, readily diffusable and potent natural substances with a wide spectrum of receptor-mediated actions in humans. High affinity receptors for these peptides are (over-) expressed in many neoplasms, and these receptors may represent, therefore, new molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review intends to give an overview of the peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals which are presently already commercially available or which are in advanced stages of their clinical testing so that their broader availability is anticipated soon. Physiologically, these peptides bind to and act through G protein-coupled receptors in the cell membrane. Historically, somatostatin analogs are the first class of receptor binding peptides having gained clinical application. 111In-DTPA-[D-Phe1]-octreotide is the first and only radiopeptide which has obtained regulatory approval in Europe and the United States to date. Extensive clinical studies involving several thousands of patients have shown that the major clinical application of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is the detection and the staging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids). In these tumors, octreotide scintigraphy is superior to any other staging method. However, its sensitivity and accuracy in other, more frequent neoplasms is limited. Radiolabeled vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been shown to visualize the majority of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, as well as some neuroendocrine tumors, including insulinomas (the latter being often missed by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy). Due to the outstanding diagnostic accuracy of the pentagastrin test in detecting the presence, persistence, or recurrence of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), we postulated the expression of the corresponding [i.e., cholecystokinin (CCK-)-B] receptor type in human MTC. This receptor is also widely expressed on human small-cell lung cancer. Indeed, 111In-labeled DTPA derivatives of gastrin showed excellent targeting of CCK-B receptor expressing tissues in animals and patients. A variety of further peptide-based radioligands is currently under development. Summarizing, radiolabeled regulatory peptides have opened new horizons in nuclear oncology for diagnosis (and potential internal radionuclide therapy). Further work will probably reveal a multitude of novel potentially clinically useful peptide-based radioligands.
Detection of thiopentone‐reactive IgE antibodies following anaphylactoid reactions during anaesthesia (1986)

A radioimmunoassay was developed to detect IgE antibodies to the anaesthetic induction agent thiopentone. Significant levels of thiopentone-reactive IgE antibodies were found in the sera of two patients who had experienced life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions following administration of the drug. Inhibition experiments revealed that cross-reactivity occurs between the drug-reactive IgE antibodies and four barbiturate analogues pentobarbitone, phenobarbitone, barbitone and methohexital. The assay should supplement skin testing for the detection of patients with potentially lethal sensitivity to thiopentone.
On Sedimentation (1904)

Since Seddon published his paper on “Cleaning Water by Settlement,”† there has been but little published discussion on the theory of this subject, but the practice of building and operating sedimentation basins has advanced materially. For example, it has been found in St. Louis that continuous operation, that is to say, a continuous flow of water into, through and out of the basin, gives quite as good results as the intermittent operation which was studied by Seddon, and the new arrangement allows the effluent to be delivered at a higher level, the economical advantage of which is evident. The use of baffles has also been learned, and it has been shown clearly that a well-baffled basin will do as much work as a much larger basin without baffles. A discussion of the subject from a theoretical standpoint, in view of these developments, may lead to a better understanding of it, to the collection of better data, and to improvements in design.
Bloom filter-based XML packets filtering for millions of path queries (2005)

The filtering of XML data is the basis of many complex applications. Lots of algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem. One important challenge is that the number of path queries is huge. It is necessary to take an efficient data structure representing path queries. Another challenge is that these path queries usually vary with time. The maintenance of path queries determines the flexibility and capacity of a filtering system. In this paper, we introduce a novel approximate method for XML data filtering, which uses Bloom filters representing path queries. In this method, millions of path queries can be stored efficiently At the same time, it is easy to deal with the change of these path queries. To improve the filtering performance, we introduce a new data structure, Prefix Filters, to decrease the number of candidate paths. Experiments show that our Bloom filter-based method takes less time to build routing table than automaton-based method. And our method has a good performance with acceptable false positive when filtering XML packets of relatively small depth with millions of path queries.
Pro‐apoptotic <scp>TP</scp>53 homolog <scp>TA</scp>p63 is repressed via epigenetic silencing and <scp>B</scp>‐cell receptor signalling in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (2013)

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is an accumulative disorder marked by deficient apoptosis. The TP53 homolog TAp63 promotes apoptosis and chemosensitivity in solid tumours and its deregulation may contribute to CLL cell survival. We found that TAp63α was the most prevalent TP63 isoform in CLL. Compared to healthy B cells, TAp63 mRNA was repressed in 55·7% of CLL samples. TP63 promoter methylation was high in CLL and inversely correlated with TP63 protein expression in B-cell lymphoma cell lines. siRNA-mediated knockdown of TP63 resulted in partial protection from spontaneous apoptosis accompanied by reductions in PMAIP1 (NOXA), BBC3 (PUMA), and BAX mRNA in CLL cells and increased proliferation of Raji lymphoma cells. TAp63 mRNA levels were higher in CLL with unmutated IGHV. B-cell receptor (BCR) engagement led to repression of TP63 mRNA expression in malignant B cells, while pharmacological inhibition of BCR signalling prevented TP63 downregulation. MIR21, known to target TAp63, correlated inversely with TAp63 expression in CLL, and BCR-mediated downregulation of TP63 was accompanied by MIR21 upregulation in most CLL samples. Our data illustrate the pro-apoptotic function of TP63, provide insights into the mechanisms of BCR-targeting agents, and establish a rationale for designing novel approaches to induce TP63 in CLL and B-cell lymphoma.
Complement Components and Fibrinogen: Correlations and Association with Previous Myocardial Infarction (1995)

Serum complement levels have been found to be predictive of myocardial infarction up to 4 years before the acute event. To assess whether they are a marker of a hypercoagulable state, the serum or plasma levels of C3, C4, C3a, C4a, C1 inactivator, antithrombin III, protein S, protein C, fibrinogen and tissue plasminogen activator were measured in 31 patients with previous myocardial infarction and 33 controls (all males, 40-60 years old). C3, C4 and fibrinogen (which share the common characteristic of being acute phase proteins) were correlated and were associated with previous myocardial infarction, although this association persisted only for C4 in multivariate analysis. None of the coagulative variables directly involved in the complement system differed significantly in the two groups.
Intrahepatic Amino Acid and Glucose Metabolism in A D–Galactosamine-Induced Rat Liver Failure Model (2001)

A better understanding of the hepatic metabolic pathways affected by fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) would help develop nutritional support and other nonsurgical medical therapies for FHF. We used an isolated perfused liver system in combination with a mass-balance model of hepatic intermediary metabolism to generate a comprehensive map of metabolic alterations in the liver in FHF. To induce FHF, rats were fasted for 36 hours, during which they received 2 D-galactosamine injections. The livers were then perfused for 60 minutes via the portal vein with amino acid-supplemented Eagle minimal essential medium containing 3% wt/vol bovine serum albumin and oxygenated with 95% O(2)/5% CO(2). Control rats were fasted for 36 hours with no other treatment before perfusion. FHF rat livers exhibited reduced amino acid uptake, a switch from gluconeogenesis to glycolysis, and a decrease in urea synthesis, but no change in ammonia consumption compared with normal fasted rat livers. Mass-balance analysis showed that hepatic glucose synthesis was inhibited as a result of a reduction in amino acid entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle by anaplerosis. Furthermore, FHF inhibited intrahepatic aspartate synthesis, which resulted in a 50% reduction in urea cycle flux. Urea synthesis by conversion of exogenous arginine to ornithine was unchanged. Ammonia removal was quantitatively maintained by glutamine synthesis from glutamate and a decrease in the conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate. Mass-balance analysis of hepatic metabolism will be useful in characterizing changes during FHF, and in elucidating the effects of nutritional supplements and other treatments on hepatic function.
Effects of c-myc oncogene modulation on differentiation of human small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. (1998)

Amplification and over-expression of oncogenes of the myc family are related to the prognosis of certain solid tumors such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC). For SCLC, c-myc is the oncogene most consistently found to correlate with the end stage behaviour of the tumour, in particular with survival after chemotherapeutic treatment. C-myc is important in many cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In the present study the relationship between c-myc and differentiation was analyzed by down-regulation of endogenous c-myc protein, using two approaches: first by coculturing with antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) in the human SCLC cell line GLC4 and its 6-fold cisplatin resistant subline GLC4-CDDP, second by stable transfection of GLC4-CDDP with a dexamethasone-inducible AS c-myc expression vector. Basic characterization of the differentiation status of GLC4 and GLC4-CDDP showed a decrease in neuroendocrine differentiation in GLC4-CDDP compared to GLC4 Cytokeratin was absent in both cell lines. No significant differences in expression of adhesion molecules or myeloid antigens were observed between the lines. Vimentin expression was higher in GLC4-CDDP compared to GLC4 (AS c-myc ODN)-induced growth inhibition and down-regulation of endogenous c-myc protein further decreased neuroendocrine differentiation (CD57 positive cells) in GLC4-CDDP without affecting the expression of other antigens such as vimentin (intermediate filament),CD15 (myeloid antigen) and VLA-alpha 4 (adhesion molecule) and did not alter the expression of these antigens in GLC4 (AS c-myc RNA)-induced growth inhibition did not significantly affect the expression of the tested antigens in the AS c-myc transfected GLC4-CDDP/AS cell line. No effect of nonsense c-myc ODN or dexamethasone-induced control RNA (controls) was observed.
Robotic surgery in gynecology (2014)

FDA approved Da Vinci Surgical System in 2005 for gynecological surgery. It has been rapidly adopted and it has already assumed an important position at various centers where this is available. It comprises of three components: A surgeon's console, a patient-side cart with four robotic arms and a high-definition three-dimensional (3D) vision system. In this review we have discussed various robotic-assisted laparoscopic benign gynecological procedures like myomectomy, hysterectomy, endometriosis, tubal anastomosis and sacrocolpopexy. A PubMed search was done and relevant published studies were reviewed. Surgeries that can have future applications are also mentioned. At present most studies do not give significant advantage over conventional laparoscopic surgery in benign gynecological disease. However robotics do give an edge in more complex surgeries. The conversion rate to open surgery is lesser with robotic assistance when compared to laparoscopy. For myomectomy surgery, Endo wrist movement of robotic instrument allows better and precise suturing than conventional straight stick laparoscopy. The robotic platform is a logical step forward to laparoscopy and if cost considerations are addressed may become popular among gynecological surgeons world over.
Morphology Variation of Porous Polymer Gels by Polymerization in Lyotropic Surfactant Phases (1999)

Polymerization of hydrophilic monomers, such as acrylamide, in the confinement of lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of nonionic surfactants produces gels with variable pore architecture in the hundreds of nanometers to micrometers size range. The porous gels are characterized by scanning electron microscopy after critical-point drying. The structure of the gels depends on the type of monomer, cross-linking density, and both monomer and surfactant concentration and can be varied systematically to result in different pore morphologies with different pore sizes. In such a way it is possible to build the polymer network structure on a mesoscopic length scale, optimizing different network properties which are otherwise coupled in an opposite fashion; e.g., polymer networks with very large pore size and high mechanical stability can be made.
Time synchronization algorithms for IEEE 802.11 OFDM systems (2009)

Time synchronization algorithms for OFDM systems using the short and long training symbols are investigated in this paper. We only consider efficient low complexity schemes that are feasible for practical implementations. Different algorithms are compared in the context of IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) systems. Based on the simulation results, some recommendations are made as to how the short and long training symbols can be effectively utilized for synchronization purposes.
Novel soft switching DC/DC converter with controlled output rectifier (2012)

A novel full-bridge PWM DC/DC converter with controlled secondary side rectifier using secondary snubber is presented in this paper. Circulating current of the converter was eliminated and soft switching for all power switches of the inverter is achieved for full load range from no-load to short circuit by using controlled rectifier and snubber on the secondary side. The principle of operation is explained and analyzed and the experimental results on a 4,5kW, 100 kHz laboratory model of the converter are presented.
Low Power Programmable Shift Register With Depletion Mode Oxide TFTs for High Resolution and High Frame Rate AMFPDs (2014)

This paper demonstrates a programmable pulse width shift register using depletion mode oxide TFTs for high resolution and high frame rate displays. The proposed shift register is adopted for a pre-charging scheme in a multi-frame-rate display panel because the gate pulse width is programmable only by adjusting the start pulse width without any additional clock signals and reconfiguration of interconnection. To cope with the depletion-mode issue that TFTs are turned on even at zero gate-source voltage, the modified circuits are introduced, compared to the previous LTPS version of a programmable shift register. In addition, the power consumption is reduced significantly by means of a new inverter circuit. The proposed circuit is verified by SPICE for 50 stages and the estimated power consumption is 5.01 mW in the case of two line time pulse width, which is lower than 9.76 mW of a previous oxide TFT overlap shift register by 48.7%.
Nrf2 Regulates Neurogenesis and Protects Neural Progenitor Cells Against Aβ Toxicity (2014)

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) proliferate and produce new neurons in neurogenic areas throughout the lifetime. While these cells represent potential therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, regulation of neurogenesis is not completely understood. We show that deficiency of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a transcription factor induced in response to oxidative stress, prevents the ischemia-induced increase in newborn neurons in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Consistent with this finding, the growth of NPC neurospheres was increased by lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Nrf2 gene or by treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an Nrf2 activating compound. Also, neuronal differentiation of NPCs was increased by Nrf2 overexpression or PDTC treatment but reduced by Nrf2 deficiency. To investigate the impact of Nrf2 on NPCs in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we treated NPCs with amyloid beta (Aβ), a toxic peptide associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive abnormalities in AD. We found that Aβ1-42-induced toxicity and reduction in neurosphere proliferation were prevented by Nrf2 overexpression, while Nrf2 deficiency enhanced the Aβ1-42-induced reduction of neuronal differentiation. On the other hand, Aβ1-40 had no effect on neurosphere proliferation in wt NPCs but increased the proliferation of Nrf2 overexpressing neurospheres and reduced it in Nrf2-deficient neurospheres. These results suggest that Nrf2 is essential for neuronal differentiation of NPCs, regulates injury-induced neurogenesis and provides protection against Aβ-induced NPC toxicity.
On The Application of Fuzzy Ontology for Qualitative Spatial Reasoning (2012)

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Design and optimization of a vacuum infusion technological process for hopper car fabrication using polymeric composite materials (2015)

The total design cycle of a new 19-5167 hopper car with the body and roof made of polymeric composite materials is presented. The construction design, the development of the reinforcing filler circuit calculation, the finite-element analysis of the intensely strained state, the tests of the elementary samples and construction joints, as well as the optimization of the vacuum infusion are implemented by Science and Technology Test Center Ap-ATeK Dubna together with Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology on request of the F.E. Dzerzhinskii Science and Production Corporation Uralvagonzavod.
Opioid receptor types and dependence. (1997)

The existence of mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors in the central nervous system is well documented. The present review focuses on the relationships between opioid receptor types and physical and psychic dependences. Mu and delta, but not kappa opioid receptor agonists produce physical dependence. From behavioral, biochemical and molecular biological studies, it is suggested so far that development of physical dependence on morphine results predominantly from an activation of mu 1 and mu 2 opioid receptors which causes functional changes in Gi/o, adenylate cyclase, protein kinases A and C, beta-adrenoceptor and NMDA receptor in the locus coeruleus. Recently, there have been significant advances in studies on psychic dependence. Mu and delta opioid receptor agonists produce psychic dependence, but kappa opioid receptor agonists rather produce an aversive effect. Activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system may lead to psychic dependence on opioids. Mu and delta 1 opioid receptor agonists activate the mesolimbic dopamine system to induce a rewarding effect, whereas the rewarding effect of delta 2 opioid receptor agonists may be produced through a non-dopaminergic system. There are complicated interactions among opioid receptor types. The activation of kappa opioid receptor suppresses physical and psychic dependences on mu and delta opioid receptor agonists, but the activation of delta opioid receptor potentiates the dependence on mu opioid receptor agonists. The clinical use of morphine in patients with cancer pain won't develop dependence probably due to the balance of the opioid system coming from these interactions.
Successful student teaching through evaluation (1969)

A carefully planned program of evaluation, maintains Dr. Jones, should provide a valuable learning experience to the student teacher.
Space-Charge Effects in Electron Beams (1939)

The effects of space charge in long, magnetically focused electron beams directed parallel to positively charged sheath electrodes are determined from a simple analysis. The main effects of space charge are: (a) to introduce departure from the potential distribution of the electrostatic case; (b) to set an upper limit for the beam current; and (c) to introduce instabilities and hysteresis phenomena in the behavior of the tube. It is shown that in a long beam the longitudinal potential gradient is negligible throughout the major portion of the beam length so that the upper limit for beam current is independent of beam length and of potentials of end electrodes, but depends only upon the relative transverse dimensions of the beam and of the surrounding sheath electrode and upon the sheath-electrode potential. The analysis gives expressions for maximum beam current, for space-potential distribution and for the minimum value of the focusing magnetic field, in terms of the beam and sheath-electrode dimensions and the sheath-electrode potential. The use of multicellular sheath electrodes to minimize the effects of space charge is discussed. Thin "sheet" beams and "thin-walled" tubular beams are treated separately by a simplified "capacitance" method and expressions for maximum current, space potential, and for minimum-focusing magnetic field are derived. The effect of space-charge interaction between multiple beams inside a common sheath electrode is considered and a method of control of current in one beam by the current in the adjacent beam is analyzed and also illustrated by experimental data.
Mobile IP for 3G wireless networks (2002)

Mobile IP specifies protocol enhancements to the Internet protocol that allow transparent routing of IP datagrams in the Internet to the mobile node irrespective of its physical location. Extensions are being proposed for managing Mobile IP-based micro-mobility for the interface between a radio network and a packet data network in the third-generation cdma2000 network. We discuss the cdma2000 architecture and Mobile IP. We then propose an architecture for integrating Mobile IP and cdma2000.
<title>Holographic neurocomputer utilizing laser diode light source</title> (1995)

We describe a laser diode-based optoelectronic implementation of artificial neural networks which utilizes real-time holography in photorefractive crystals. The use of a laser diode light source reduces the system size and power requirements. The holographic material is rhodium- doped BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> which has enhanced sensitivity at the laser-diode wavelength of 830 nm. A balanced coherent-detection method is used to represent bipolar optical neurons and weights. In addition, by distributing each neuron weight among a set of spatially and angularly distributed gratings using beam fanning, Bragg degeneracy and its associated inter-neuron optical crosstalk is virtually eliminated. The structure of the neural network is programmable and we have implemented a variety of neural networks including backpropagation and Kohonen-style self-organizing maps with up to 10,000 neurons and performance of up to 10<SUP>8</SUP> weights processed per second during learning and readout. We also discuss weight decay in photorefractive materials, specifically its relative effects in the neural network and data storage domains.