gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised RGB-D image segmentation using joint clustering and region merging (2014)

Recent advances in imaging sensors, such as Kinect, provide access to the synchronized depth with color, called RGB-D image. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised method for indoor RGB-D image segmentation and analysis. We consider a statistical image generation model based on the color and geometry of the scene. Our method consists of a joint color-spatial-axial clustering method followed by a statistical planar region merging method. We evaluate our method on the NYU depth database V2 (NYUD2) and compare with existing unsupervised RGB-D segmentation methods. Results show that our method is comparable with the state of the art methods. Moreover, it opens interesting perspectives for fusing color and geometry in an unsupervised manner.
The Impact of Pyrrolidine Hydroxylation on the Conformation of Proline-Containing Peptides (2005)

[structure: see text] A series of eight dipeptides of the general formula Ac-Phe-Pro-NHMe was synthesized and the thermodynamics of the cis --> trans isomerization about the central amide bond were studied by NMR. Pro* represents the following prolines: l-proline (Pro), l-trans-4-hydroxyproline (Hyp), l-cis-4-hydroxyproline (hyp), l-cis-4-methoxyproline (hyp[OMe]), l-trans-3-hydroxyproline (3-Hyp), l-cis-3-hydroxyproline (3-hyp), l-2,3-trans-3,4-cis-3,4-dihydroxyproline (DHP), and l-2,3-cis-3,4-trans-3,4-dihydroxyproline (dhp). The conformation of the pyrrolidine ring in each case is discussed in light of previous structural studies, analysis of potential stereoelectronic effects, and NMR data. Hydroxy substituents at C-4 have a greater impact on cis --> trans isomerization than analogous substituents at C-3 as a result of the intervening bond distances and bridging groups. The position of the equilibrium and its dependence on temperature are a reflection of both enthalpic and entropic factors, the latter being complicated in this study by an Ar-Pro interaction in the cis conformation. The substituents on the pyrrolidine ring determine the conformation of the five-membered ring, which in turn influences the strength of the Ar-Pro interaction, backbone dihedral angles, and the relative energy of the cis and trans species. The ultimate position of the equilibrium depends on a complex blend of steric, electronic, and conformational factors.
Behavior of carboxylic acids and carboxylic anhydrides in sulfuric acid (1967)

The behavior of some carboxylic acids and anhydrides in sulfuric acid has been investigated by cryoscopic and conductimetric measurements in 100% H 2 SO 4 , cryoscopic measurements in aqueous H 2 SO 4 , and conductimetric titrations in dilute oleum.The previously established behavior of acetic anhydride in dehydrating sulfuric acid, [Formula: see text]is confirmed, and glutaric anhydride is shown to behave similarly.For succinic acid the second stage of protonation is incomplete, whereas glutaric and adipic acids are fully diprotonated. Fumaric acid is less protonated in the second stage than is succinic acid.For succinic acid, maleic acid, and phthalic acid the equilibrium [Formula: see text]is important. For succinic acid and its anhydride the equilibrium favors substantial formation of carboxylic-acidium ion even in dilute oleum, whereas for maleic and phthalic acids and their anhydrides formation of the anhydrides is favored in 100% H 2 SO 4 and dilute oleum.Maleic anhydride molecules behave essentially as nonelectrolytes in sulfuric acid; phthalic acid is a very weak base; and naphthalene 1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride is a strong base.
The less familiar reactions of organocadmium reagents (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe less familiar reactions of organocadmium reagentsPaul R. Jones and Peter J. DesioCite this: Chem. Rev. 1978, 78, 5, 491–516Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60315a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Kinetics and Inhibition of Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethylenes by Two Different Mixed Cultures (2004)

Kinetic studies with two different anaerobic mixed cultures (the PM and the EV cultures) were conducted to evaluate inhibition between chlorinated ethylenes. The more chlorinated ethylenes inhibited the reductive dechlorination of the less chlorinated ethylenes, while the less chlorinated ethylenes weakly inhibited the dechlorination of the more chlorinated ethylenes. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) inhibited reductive trichloroethylene (TCE) dechlorination but not cis-dichloroethylene (c-DCE) dechlorination, while TCE strongly inhibited c-DCE and VC dechlorination. c-DCE also inhibited vinyl chloride (VC) transformation to ethylene (ETH). When a competitive inhibition model was applied, the inhibition constant (K(I)) for the more chlorinated ethylene was comparable to its respective Michaelis-Menten half-velocity coefficient, K(S). Model simulations using independently derived kinetic parameters matched the experimental results well. k(max) and K(S) values required for model simulations of anaerobic dechlorination reactions were obtained using a multiple equilibration method conducted in a single reactor. The method provided precise kinetic values for each step of the dechlorination process. The greatest difference in kinetic parameters was for the VC transformation step. VC was transformed more slowly by the PM culture (k(max) and K(S) values of 2.4+/-0.4 micromol/mg of protein/day and 602+/-7 microM, respectively) compared to the EV culture (8.1+/-0.9 micromol/mg of protein/day and 62.6+/-2.4 microM). Experimental results and model simulations both illustrate how low K(S) values corresponded to efficient reductive dechlorination for the more highly chlorinated ethylenes but caused strong inhibition of the transformation of the less chlorinated products. Thus, obtaining accurate K(S) values is important for modeling both transformation rates of parent compounds and their inhibition on daughter product transformation.
Is Analyst Forecast Accuracy Associated with Accounting Information Use (1999)

In 1994, the AICPA?s Special Committee on Financial Reporting recommended that participants in business reporting can improve the reporting process by focusing on user needs and finding cost-effective ways of aligning business reports with those needs. The Committee noted that professional financial analysts are among the most important users of business reporting and that an examination of their accounting information needs would provide useful insight to the profession. Further, the Committee suggested that an investigation of the link between information usage and decision quality could provide a starting point for determining whether currently reported business information is relevant. The current study examines the relation between the forecast accuracy of financial analysts and specific accounting information items used during financial statement analysis. Findings indicate that relatively more accurate analysts tend to emphasize different information items prior to issuing an earnings forecast than do less accurate analysts. Study results also provide evidence of an association between specific accounting information items and decision quality.
A testbed for vehicular control systems (1983)

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to digital@library.tamu.edu, referencing the URI of the item.
Design and Development of a Novel Expanding Pedicle Screw for Use in the Osteoporotic Lumbar Spine (2013)

Pedicle screws are commonly utilized in spinal surgery; however, traditional designs often do not provide adequate fixation in osteoporotic spines. The objective of this thesis was to develop a novel expanding screw for use in osteoporotic lumbar pedicles. Helical screws capable of expanding post insertion were built on a rapid prototype machine. A materials testing machine performed axial load to failure tests in both Sawbones and cadaveric specimens comparing the new design to traditional screws (rate = 10mm/min to 20 mm). Output parameters included yield load, ultimate load, stiffness, energy to failure and total energy. The expanding screw showed a 36% increase in total energy (p=0.02), but no other differences were identified. Based on this initial design, the expandable pedicle screws failed to demonstrate improved screw pullout; however, differences may be observed in other loading modes (i.e., toggle) and further design modifications and improvements in post-build machining may provide beneficial enhancements.
Acquisition of methicillin resistance and progression of multiantibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1998)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) produces specific penicillin-binding protein, PBP2', which shows remarkably low affinities to most beta-lactam antibiotics except those such as penicillin G and ampicillin. The region surrounding mecA has been called additional DNA or mec and is thought to be of extraspecies origin. From the study of mec, we found that mec is a novel mobile genetic element and designated as staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). There are three types of SCCmec. In the past decades, MRSA has become resistant to many antibiotics, such as carbapenems, new quinolones, and minocycline etc. It seems to be a characteristic of MRSA to acquire multi-resistance by accumulating multiple resistance genes around the mecA gene inside SCCmec.
AN APPROACH TO LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION (1996)

Here we describe a project that deals with license plate location in raster images. The algorithm takes a raster image as input, and yields the position of a plate in the image. After the position is determined, the algorithm can determine the locations of the license plate characters, which could be easily combined with an OCR algorithm to convert the license plate number into an ASCII string.
New Rearrangement of 4-Isoxazoline System:  Conversion of Ketones into α,β-Unsaturated Amides (2003)

A new rearrangement pattern of the 4-isoxazoline system is reported. The reaction, starting from 3,3-disubstituted derivatives and leading to alpha,beta-unsaturated amides, proceeds through the quaternarization of the nitrogen atom and involves the heterolytic cleavage of C(3)-N bond, assisted by the formation of a relatively stable intermediate. The overall process represents a useful conversion of ketones into alpha,beta-unsaturated amides.
Inhibition by SR140333 of NK<sub>1</sub> tachykinin receptor‐evoked, nitric oxide‐dependent vasodilatation in the hamster cheek pouch microvasculature <i>in vivo</i> (1994)

1. This study investigated tachykinin-evoked vasodilatation in the microvasculature of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo. Arterioles and venules were observed by intravital microscopy with video recording, and vasodilatation and constriction, defined as changes in blood vessel diameter, measured by image analysis. All agents were applied topically by superfusion. None of the agents tested had a significant effect on venule diameter. 2. When arterioles were preconstricted (by ca. 50%) with endothelin-1 present in the superfusing medium, substance P (0.3-30 nM) was a potent vasodilator, being 10 fold more active than both neurokinin A and the NK1 receptor-selective agonist, substance P methyl ester. The NK2 receptor-selective agonist, [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10)(0.1-10 microM) was active only at high concentrations, and the NK3 receptor-selective agonist senktide (0.1-10 microM) was virtually inactive (n = 8 hamsters). Dilatation evoked by tachykinins and analogues was rapid in onset (< 0.5 min) and readily reversible. 3. At low concentrations (1-10 nM), the non-peptide tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist SR140333 ((S)1-(2-[3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(3-iso-propoxyphenylacetyl)pi peridin-3- yl]ethyl)-4-phenyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octone, chloride) had no effect on the diameter of preconstricted arterioles per se, but potently inhibited dilator responses to substance P methyl ester (apparent pKB 9.9 +/- 0.2; n = 5 hamsters, n = 10 estimates). SR140333 (10 nM) did not inhibit submaximal dilator responses evoked by human alpha calcitonin gene-related peptide (alpha CGRPh; 1.0 nM; P > 0.05; n = 5). 4 The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 microM) caused a51.3 +/- 5.4% arteriolar constriction. In the presence of L-NAME, submaximal vasodilator responses to substance P (10-I00 nM) and carbachol (0.1-1.0 microM) were significantly attenuated (n = 5 hamsters;P<0.05) as compared to responses obtained in preparations that were preconstricted to a similar extent by endothelin-l (48.0 +/- 5.6%). L-NAME (10 M) was without effect on submaximal vasodilator responses to alpha CGRPh (0.1 nM) or sodium nitroprusside (1O nM) (n = 5 hamsters; P> 0.05).5 We conclude that tachykinin-evoked arteriolar vasodilatation in the hamster cheek pouch is mediated via NK, receptor activation and depends, at least in part, on the release of nitric oxide. The NKI receptors mediating vasodilatation can be blocked by topical application of SR140333; which may therefore be useful in the investigation of the role of NK1 receptors in neurogenic inflammation in the microvasculature.
Recent developments of polar piezoelectric polymers (2006)

Following the extensive studies on the piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties of polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers, a vast number of polymers were investigated for these properties. Piezoelectric thin films of polyurea were prepared by vapor deposition polymerization in vacuum and stable up to 200 degC. Piezoelectric odd nylon was characterized by the field induced rotation of amide dipoles in the molecular sheet crystalline structure. Completely amorphous vinylidene cyanide copolymers produced a remanent polarization proportional to the large dielectric relaxation strength during poling. Drawn films of polylactic acid exhibited the large shear piezoelectricity due to the crystalline structure of helical molecules, however, a remnant polarization was also produced by poling at high temperatures. Various polymers containing dipolar groups of carbonyl, urethane, urea and thiourea bonds were poled and their ferroelectric hysteresis was observed. Application of magnetic field as high as 10 Tesla to the liquid crystalline state of helical molecules of poly-y-benzyl-L-glutamate during film formation resulted in a very high shear piezoelectric constant 26 pC/N. Unprecedented high piezoelectric constant such as 1000 pC/N was found in the highly hydrated cornea membrane consisting of collagen fibrils
A rate control algorithm for VBR video encoding and transmission (2002)

To satisfy the rigorous limitation of delay in real time transmission of high quality video, the coding rate and transmission rate should be selected judiciously. For the ATM variable bit rate (VBR) channel, the channel rate is tightly restrained by the traffic contract negotiated before communication. The leaky-bucket based rate control algorithm proposed by us could meet the delay and traffic contract, so as to abstain the cell loss over the user-network interface (UNI). Furthermore, in order to benefit the statistical multiplexing and improve the overall decoded video quality, the burstiness of the MPEG encoded stream is reduced dramatically in our system. Our experiment shows that the algorithm is a good compromise between CBR (constant bit rate) and VBR video coding. And its implementation is so simple that it could be easily utilized in on-line rate control for real-time video communication.
User-specific touch models in a cross-device context (2013)

We present a machine learning approach to train user-specific offset models, which map actual to intended touch locations to improve accuracy. We propose a flexible framework to adapt and apply models trained on touch data from one device and user to others. This paper presents a study of the first published experimental data from multiple devices per user, and indicates that models not only improve accuracy between repeated sessions for the same user, but across devices and users, too. Device-specific models outperform unadapted user-specific models from different devices. However, with both user- and device-specific data, we demonstrate that our approach allows to combine this information to adapt models to the targeted device resulting in significant improvement. On average, adapted models improved accuracy by over 8%. We show that models can be obtained from a small number of touches (≈60). We also apply models to predict input-styles and identify users.
The conjugate addition–Peterson olefination reaction for the preparation of cross-conjugated cyclopentenone, PPAR-γ ligands (2008)

5-Alkylidenecyclopent-2-enones 15a-q may be prepared via a conjugate addition-Peterson olefination sequence, best achieved in one-pot, using exo-2-trimethylsilyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoinden-1-one 12, followed by a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. The geometry of the exocyclic alkene may be controlled according to the use of organometallic species in the conjugate addition step; organocuprate reagents are found to selectively lead to the formation of E-exocyclic alkene adducts, whereas Grignard reagents favour the formation of Z-alkenyl isomers. The use of enantiomerically enriched 12, accessed from an asymmetric Pauson-Khand reaction, affords the corresponding enantioenriched 5-alkylidenecyclopent-2-enones and this approach is exemplified by the short, stereoselective total syntheses of two cyclopentenone phytoprostanes 51 and 13,14-dehydrophytoprostane J1 65. The ability of this family of synthetic compounds to activate the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma is reported.
Separating function from structure in perfusion imaging of the aging brain (2009)

The accuracy of cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging in humans has been impeded by the partial volume effects (PVE), which are a consequence of the limited spatial resolution. Because of brain atrophy, PVE can be particularly problematic in imaging the elderly and can considerably overestimate the CBF difference with the young. The primary goal of this study was to separate the structural decline from the true CBF reduction in elderly. To this end, a PVE-correction algorithm was applied on the CBF images acquired with spin-echo EPI continuous arterial spin labeling MRI (voxel size = 3.4 x 3.4 x 8 mm(3)). Tissue-specific CBF images that were independent of voxels' tissue fractional volume were obtained in elderly (N = 30) and young (N = 26); mean age difference was 43 years. Globally, PVE-corrected gray matter CBF was 88.2 +/- 16.1 and 107.3 +/- 17.5 mL/100 g min(-1) in elderly and young, respectively. The largest PVE contribution was found in the frontal lobe and accounted for an additional 10% and 12% increase in the age-related CBF difference between men and women, respectively. The GM-to-WM CBF ratios were found to be on average 3.5 in elderly and 3.9 in young. Whole brain voxelwise comparisons showed marked CBF decrease in anterior cingulate (bilateral), caudate (bilateral), cingulate gyrus (bilateral), cuneus (left), inferior frontal gyrus (left), insula (left), middle frontal gyrus (left), precuneus (bilateral), prefrontal cortex (bilateral), and superior frontal gyrus (bilateral) in men and amygdala (bilateral), hypothalamus (left), hippocampus (bilateral), and middle frontal gyrus (right) in women.
Optimization of a tandem ion exchange—extraction chromatographic scheme for the recovery of strontium from raw urine (2019)

A previously reported ion-exchange/extraction chromatographic scheme for the recovery of radiostrontium from urine for subsequent determination is systematically optimized to minimize reagent consumption, enhance system reusability, and maximize sample throughput. In addition, a preliminary assessment of the effect of mobile phase flow rate on strontium uptake is described. The results show that the tandem system can be re-used without loss of performance, and that the rate at which samples can be processed by the system is ultimately limited by the time required for regeneration of the ion-exchange column and the kinetics of metal ion uptake on the extraction chromatographic sorbent.Abbreviations: LOV: lab on valve CDC: Center for Disease Control and Prevention EXC: extraction chromatography EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid MDL: method detection limit MSA: methanesulfonic acid
Quantitative interpretation using facies-based inversion applied to the Ordovician Red River U4 dolomite interval, Williston Basin (2018)

Quantifying anomalies detected on seismic-generated attributes is critical to evaluate carbonate reservoir heterogeneities prior to planning and designing CO2 enhanced oil recovery operations. In this study, facies-based pre-stack inversion method is applied to a 3D compressional wave seismic survey to characterize the Ordovician Red River U4 dolomitic reservoir. The facies-based inversion technique is able to delineate reservoir and non-reservoir facies and quantify porosity from inverted elastic volumes and the developed rock physics model. Presentation Date: Wednesday, October 17, 2018 Start Time: 1:50:00 PM Location: 209A (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
Combining Multiple HMMs Using On-line and Off-line Features for Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition (2009)

This paper presents an off-line Arabic handwriting recognition system based on the selection of different state of the art features and the combination of multiple hidden Markov models classifiers. Beside the classical use of the off-line features, we add the use of on-line features and the combination of the developed systems. The designed recognizer is implemented using the HMM-Toolkit. In a first step, we use different features to make the classification and we compare the performance of single classifiers. In a second step, we proceed to the combination of the on-line and the off-line based systems using different combination methods. The system is evaluated using the IFN/ENIT database. The recognition rate is in maximum 63.90% for the individual systems. The combination of the on-line and the off-line systems allows to improve the system accuracy to 81.93% which exceeds the best result of the ICDAR 2005 competition.