gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient characteristics of nitrogen gas-pulsed electron cyclotron resonance plasma (1996)

Transient optical emission characteristics of a nitrogen gas-pulsed electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma have been investigated as a first step towards understanding the nature of a nitrogen gas-pulsed plasma. We observed different transient optical emission profiles for the first negative N+2, the second positive N2*, and the first positive N2* emission bands in nitrogen gas-pulsed ECR plasma that are closely related to the pressure changes in a discharge cavity of the plasma source. On the basis of the transient emission profiles, optical emission spectra over the wavelength range 300–700 nm were obtained for three specific time regions within the pulse. During the gas-pulsed injection period large ratios of N2*/N+2 (2.5–7.1) and low electron temperatures (1.2 eV) were observed. On the other hand, small ratios of N2*/N+2 (0.3) and high electron temperature (2.5 eV) were recorded 0.65 s after stopping the gas-pulsed injection. These observed N2*/N+2 ratios are interpreted in terms of different excitation processes and electron temperatures (Te) due to the surge of neutral N2 gas. The N2*/N+2 ratios in an ECR gas-pulsed plasma are 5–7 times higher than those in continuous wave plasma. Through timing optimization of the transient characteristics, nitrogen gas-pulsed ECR plasma is considered to be a useful candidate for high efficiency p-type high doping in Zn(Se,Te) semiconductors or for the plasma deposition of nitride films.
Potentiometric selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes. Part II. Inorganic anions (IUPAC Technical Report) (2002)

Abstract Potentiometric selectivity coefficients, K A,B pot have been collected for ionophore-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for inorganic anions reported during 1988-1998. In addition to the actual numerical values of K A,B pot together with the methods and conditions for their determination, response slopes, linear concentration (activity) ranges, chemical compositions, and ionophore structures for the ISE membranes are tabulated.
Molecular genetic characterization of the L-lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhL) of Lactobacillus helveticus and biochemical characterization of the enzyme (1997)

The Lactobacillus helveticus L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH) gene (ldhL) was isolated from a lambda library. The nucleotide sequence of the ldhL gene was determined and shown to have the capacity to encode a protein of 323 amino acids (35.3 kDa). The deduced sequence of the 35-kDa protein revealed a relatively high degree of identity with other lactobacillar L-LDHs. The highest identity (80.2%) was observed with the Lactobacillus casei L-LDH. The sizes and 5' end analyses of ldhL transcripts showed that the ldhL gene is a monocistronic transcriptional unit. The expression of ldhL, studied as a function of growth, revealed a high expression level at the logarithmic phase of growth. The ldhL gene is preceded by two putative -10 regions, but no corresponding -35 regions could be identified. By primer extension analysis, the ldhL transcripts were confirmed to be derived from the -10 region closest to the initiation codon. However, upstream of these regions additional putative -10/-35 regions could be found. The L-LDH was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by two chromatographic steps. The purified L-LDH was shown to be a nonaliosteric enzyme, and amino acid residues involved in allosteric regulation were not conserved in L. helveticus L-LDH. However, a slight enhancement of enzyme activity was observed in the presence of fructose 1,6-diphosphate, particularly at neutral pH. A detailed enzymatic characterization of L-LDH was performed. The optimal reaction velocity was at pH 5.0, where the kinetic parameters K(m), and Kcat for pyruvate were 0.25 mM and 643 S-1, respectively.
A review of electric vehicle charge point map websites in the NSR: Interim report (2013)

This interim report is a review of the EV charge point (station) map websites in the North Sea Region (NSR) with the aim to identify if there are any patterns, or any noticeable gaps on the information presented by the interactive EV charge point tools. For each example of the charge point (station) map website, a review has been undertaken by visiting the charge point (station) map website and recording if the site contains the information, which is of key importance from an EV user perspective, for example an interactive map; any information on the charger power of the charge points (stations); the type of connection of the charge points (stations); the addresses of the charge points (stations) and further helpful details.
Dietary fatty acid thresholds and cholesterolemia (1992)

Results obtained with cebus monkeys indicate that dietary myristic (14:0) and palmitic (16:0) acids exert disparate effects on cholesterol metabolism, whereas the ability of linoleic acid (18:2) to decrease total plasma cholesterol displays an upper limit or threshold. Reanalysis of published data suggests a similar situation pertains in humans. In agreement with an earlier human study, 14:0 appears to be the principal saturated fatty acid that raises plasma cholesterol whereas 18:2 lowers it. Oleic acid (18:1) appears neutral. The effect of 16:0 may vary. In normocholesterolemic subjects consuming diets containing less than or equal to 300 mg/day of cholesterol, 16:0 appears to be without effect on plasma cholesterol. However, in hypercholesterolemic subjects (greater than 225 mg/dl) and especially those consuming diets providing cholesterol intakes of greater than or equal to 400 mg/day, dietary 16:0 may expand the plasma cholesterol pool.
Transcriptomic landscape of breast cancers through mRNA sequencing (2012)

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a poorly defined genetic landscape, which poses a major challenge in diagnosis and treatment. By massively parallel mRNA sequencing, we obtained 1.2 billion reads from 17 individual human tissues belonging to TNBC, Non-TNBC, and HER2-positive breast cancers and defined their comprehensive digital transcriptome for the first time. Surprisingly, we identified a high number of novel and unannotated transcripts, revealing the global breast cancer transcriptomic adaptations. Comparative transcriptomic analyses elucidated differentially expressed transcripts between the three breast cancer groups, identifying several new modulators of breast cancer. Our study also identified common transcriptional regulatory elements, such as highly abundant primary transcripts, including osteonectin, RACK1, calnexin, calreticulin, FTL, and B2M, and "genomic hotspots" enriched in primary transcripts between the three groups. Thus, our study opens previously unexplored niches that could enable a better understanding of the disease and the development of potential intervention strategies.
Oxidative Stress and Parkinson’s Disease (2006)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting primarily the dopamine (DA) neurons that arise in the midbrain (mesencephalon) and project to the putamen and caudate regions (the striatum) of the brain, areas concerned with the control of motor movements (Hornykiewicz and Kish, 1986). Unaffected (or minimally affected) by the disease are DA neurons that arise in the midbrain and project to cortical and limbic regions; overactivity of the latter neuronal circuits has been implicated in schizophrenia (e.g., Lozoncy et al., 1987). Also unaffected are other monoaminergic neurons, specifically the norepinephrine (NE)-secreting and serotonin-secreting neurons of the brain. The DA neurons that degenerate in PD arise in the substantia nigra, a local region of the midbrain. As its name implies, this region is normally heavily pigmented; the pigment is readily visible to the unaided eye as a brown-to-black region of the mesencephalon. The pigment is an insoluble polymer that is related to melanin of skin, and has been termed neuromelanin. However, unlike skin, the pigment is not derived by enzymatic synthesis from L-dopa catalyzed by tyrosinase, because tyrosinase is absent from the brain. Rather, neuromelanin appears to be formed via a slow, nonenzymatic process based on the autoxidation and spontaneous polymerization of the catecholamine DA (Graham, 1978). As with melanin of skin, quinoidal intermediates react with soluble tissue thiols, such as glutathione and cysteine, to incorporate sulfur residues into the matrix of the polymer (Carstam et al., 1992).
Determination of Furan Fatty Acids in Extra Virgin Olive Oil (2000)

The presence of 4 different furan fatty acids (F-acids) was detected in 18 samples of transmethylated monovarietal extra virgin olive oil: methyl 10,13-epoxy-11,12-dimethyloctadeca-10,12-dienoate [diMeF(9,5)], methyl 12,15-epoxy-13,14-dimethyleicosa-12,14-dienoate [diMeF(11,5)] and both olefinic derivatives of diMeF(11,5) with one unsaturation on the side chains conjugated with the furan ring. Transmethylated oils were analyzed by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled on-line with capillary gas chromatography. After the gas chromatographic separation step, a more selective detection of F-acids was achieved by using a photoionization detector mounted in series with a flame ionization detector. The concentration of F-acids ranged between 50 ppb (detection limit of the method) and 2.1 ppm in the oil. The olefinic derivatives of diMeF(11,5) acids detected were not artifacts created during the sample preparation or during the chromatographic analysis.
A highly conserved sequence of the viral TAP inhibitor ICP47 is required for freezing of the peptide transport cycle (2017)

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) translocates antigenic peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen for loading onto MHC class I molecules. This is a key step in the control of viral infections through CD8+ T-cells. The herpes simplex virus type-1 encodes an 88 amino acid long species-specific TAP inhibitor, ICP47, that functions as a high affinity competitor for the peptide binding site on TAP. It has previously been suggested that the inhibitory function of ICP47 resides within the N-terminal region (residues 1-35). Here we show that mutation of the highly conserved <sub>50</sub>PLL<sub>52</sub> motif within the central region of ICP47 attenuates its inhibitory capacity. Taking advantage of the human cytomegalovirus-encoded TAP inhibitor US6 as a luminal sensor for conformational changes of TAP, we demonstrated that the <sub>50</sub>PLL<sub>52</sub> motif is essential for freezing of the TAP conformation. Moreover, hierarchical functional interaction sites on TAP dependent on <sub>50</sub>PLL<sub>52</sub> could be defined using a comprehensive set of human-rat TAP chimeras. This data broadens our understanding of the molecular mechanism underpinning TAP inhibition by ICP47, to include the <sub>50</sub>PLL<sub>52</sub> sequence as a stabilizer that tethers the TAP-ICP47 complex in an inward-facing conformation.
The complete cps gene cluster from Streptococcus thermophilus NCFB 2393 involved in the biosynthesis of a new exopolysaccharide (2000)

The cpsFGHIJKL genes from the cps cluster of Streptococcus thermophilus NCFB 2393 involved in the biosynthesis of EPS were identified, cloned and nucleotide sequenced. The complete cps cluster is contained on an approximately 11.2 kb chromosomal region which contains 12 ORFs, including the previously cloned cpsABCDE genes. Functions were assigned to some of the predicted gene products on the basis of homology to known sequences as follows: cpsK encodes a protein thought to be involved in the polymerization and export of the polysaccharide; cpsE, cpsF, cpsG, cpsH, cpsI and cpsJ encode putative sugar transferases. Two insertion sequences, IS1193 and ISS1, were identified within and flanking the 3' end of the cps cluster respectively. Analysis of the expression of the cpsE gene in Escherichia coli demonstrated that it encodes a glucose-1-phosphate transferase; the enzyme which catalyses the first step in EPS biosynthesis in S. thermophilus NCFB 2393.
Review on Vision-Based Gait Recognition: Representations, Classification Schemes and Datasets (2017)

Gait has unique advantage at a distance when other biometrics cannot be used since they are at too low resolution or obscured, as commonly observed in visual surveillance systems. This paper provides a survey of the technical advancements in vision-based gait recognition. A wide range of publications are discussed in this survey embracing different perspectives of the research in this area, including gait feature extraction, classification schemes and standard gait databases. There are two major groups of the state-of-the-art techniques in characterizing gait: Model-based and motion-free. The model-based approach obtains a set of body or motion parameters via human body or motion modeling. The model-free approach, on the other hand, derives a description of the motion without assuming any model. Each major category is further organized into several subcategories based on the nature of gait representation. In addition, some widely used classification schemes and benchmark databases for evaluating performance are also discussed.
<title>Character recognition using novel optoelectronic neural network</title> (1993)

We apply a novel optoelectronic neural network to recognize a set of characters from the alphabet. The network consists of a 15 X 1 binary input vector, two optoelectronic vector matrix multiplication layers, and a 15 X 1 binary output layer. The network utilizes a pair of custom fabricated spatial light modulators (SLMs) with 90 levels of gray scale per pixel. The SLMs realize the matrix weights. Previous networks of this type were hampered by limited levels of gray scale and the need to use two separate weight masks (matrices) per layer. We operate the weight masks in unipolar mode which allows for both positive and negative weights from the same masks. We use a hard limiting function for the network's nonlinearity. A modification of Widrow's seldom known MR2 training algorithm is used to train the network. Furthermore, the network introduces a novel lens-free crossbar matrix- vector multiplier. We also show proposed networks of higher capacity which could be implemented for image processing.
Breath acetone detection (2006)

Acetone is a good marker of metabolic stress as it is the most volatile and rapidly equilibrated of the ketone bodies produced by human metabolism. If the body utilizes predominately fat to meet its energy requirements, blood and breath acetone concentrations will increase. Elevated concentrations of breath acetone can indicate a normal response to caloric imbalances in the diet, or a diseased state such as untreated diabetes. This paper describes a novel method of acetone detection that uses a gas-solid chemical reaction of acetone with a hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HA) to produce an easily detectable chemical species, HCl. Breath samples are passed through a reactor filled with solid HA and the amount of HCl gas released is measured by sensitive near infrared diode laser spectroscopy. The breath acetone instrument described is compact, low power and portable.
Photodynamic therapy: priorities for 1990 (1990)

Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new modality for therapy of neoplastic disease and also shows promise in other therapeutic settings. While PDT research has proceeded without any special programs being put in place, further development depends on support- ing clinical data and perhaps some new approaches with regard to re- search support.
Absolute requirement of glucocorticoid for expression of the casein gene in the presence of prolactin. (1980)

Second thoracic mammary glands of immature BALB/c female mice were stimulated to pregnancy-like lobuloalveolar (LA) development aftr 6 days of incubation in a corticosteroid-free step I culture medium containing insulin, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, and growth hormone. A low basal level (0.0009%) of casein mRNA (mRNAcsn) sequences was detectable in the LA glands by a specific cDNA probe. Subsequent incubation of the LA glands for 3 days in medium containing insulin and prolactin or insulin and cortisol failed to elicit mRNAcsn above the basal level, indicating that neither prolactin nor cortisol alone can support casein gene expression. However, an increase in mRNAcsn levels was observed when the 3-day incubation with insulin and cortisol or insulin and prolactin was followed by 3 days of culture in presence of insulin, prolactin, and cortisol. When a 3-day incubation with insulin and prolactin was followed by 3 days in insulin and cortisol medium, mRNAcsn levels in the gland remained similar to the basal level. However, a 20-fold increase in the mRNAcsn levels ensued when the LA glands were sequentially incubated for 3 days in insulin and cortisol and then for another 3 days in insulin and prolactin medium. After a preincubation in insulin and cortisol medium, the LA glands retained residual cortisol during subsequent incubation in insulin and prolactin medium, and the mRNAcsn levels in these glands were related to the level of residual cortisol present. When mRNAcsn and the residual cortisol level reached a minimum, addition of fresh cortisol to the medium caused a 20-fold increase in the mRNAcsn levels. This indicates that cortisol is a limiting factor in insulin and prolactin medium and its presence is absolutely required for casein gene expression.
Combination of blazed and laterally blazed structures (2004)

We present a new type of sub-wavelength blazed grating characterized by structures having a “pie-slice” form with sub-wavelength feature sizes in the direction lateral to the dispersion direction. We rigorously compute efficiency curves and compare them to binary blazed and conventional échelette gratings. We find that in the resonance domain the performance of laterally blazed structures is superior to conventional blaze gratings. For very small periods binary blazed gratings show the best performance, which is a consequence of a wave guiding phenomenon occurring in the sub-wavelength ridges. Outside this region, however, the laterally blazed gratings have comparable blaze efficiencies.
The Virtual Object as a Major Element of the Internet of Things: A Survey (2015)

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has been evolving toward the creation of a cyber-physical world where everything can be found, activated, probed, interconnected, and updated, so that any possible interaction, both virtual and/or physical, can take place. A Crucial concept of this paradigm is that of the virtual object, which is the digital counterpart of any real (human or lifeless, static or mobile, solid or intangible) entity in the IoT. It has now become a major component of the current IoT platforms, supporting the discovery and mash up of services, fostering the creation of complex applications, improving the objects energy management efficiency, as well as addressing heterogeneity and scalability issues. This paper aims at providing the reader with a survey of the virtual object in the IoT world. Virtualness is addressed from several perspectives: historical evolution of its definitions, current functionalities assigned to the virtual object and how they tackle the main IoT challenges, and major IoT platforms, which implement these functionalities. Finally, we illustrate the lessons learned after having acquired a comprehensive view of the topic.
Synthesis and characterization of copper containing mesoporous silicas (2000)

A series of copper containing mesoporous silicas has been prepared at room temperature using tetramethylorthosilicate as the source of silicon, a quaternary ammonium chloride salt as organic template surfactant and copper complexes obtained from organofunctional silicon molecules as ligands. Using this synthetic route, it was possible to prepare mesoporous materials containing up to 4.7 wt% copper. The structure and the sorption properties of the obtained materials have been studied by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform reflectance IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and surface area measurements. All experimental data reveal that calcined products containing up to 2.4 wt% copper retain the basic structural characteristics of MCM-41 materials, while higher copper loading leads to progressive destruction of hexagonal structure. Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study the symmetry and environment of Cu(II) species in the silicate framework of the as synthesized and calcined materials, as well as the accessibility of these centers to polar adsorbed molecules, such as pyridine. The spectra of calcined materials indicate a distorted octahedral geometry for the Cu(II) centers which were easily accessible by pyridine molecules. Cyclic voltammetry showed that calcined copper containing mesoporous samples exhibit a marked electroactivity indicating that most of the copper centers are distributed on the mesoporous surfaces.
Microfluidic High-Resolution Free-Flow Isoelectric Focusing (2007)

A microfluidic free-flow isoelectric focusing glass chip for separation of proteins is described. Free-flow isoelectric focusing is demonstrated with a set of fluorescent standards covering a wide range of isoelectric points from pH 3 to 10 as well as the protein HSA. With respect to an earlier developed device, an improved microfluidic FFE chip was developed. The improvements included the usage of multiple sheath flows and the introduction of preseparated ampholytes. Preseparated ampholytes are commonly used in large-scale conventional free-flow isoelectric focusing instruments but have not been used in micromachined devices yet. Furthermore, the channel depth was further decreased. These adaptations led to a higher separation resolution and peak capacity, which were not achieved with previously published free-flow isoelectric focusing chips. An almost linear pH gradient ranging from pH 2.5 to 11.5 between 1.2 and 2 mm wide was generated. Seven isoelectric focusing markers were successfully and clearly separated within a residence time of 2.5 s and an electrical field of 20 V mm-1. Experiments with pI markers proved that the device is fully capable of separating analytes with a minimum difference in isoelectric point of Delta(pI) = 0.4. Furthermore, the results indicate that even a better resolution can be achieved. The theoretical minimum difference in isoelectric point is Delta(pI) = 0.23 resulting in a peak capacity of 29 peaks within 1.8 mm. This is an 8-fold increase in peak capacity to previously published results. The focusing of pI markers led to an increase in concentration by factor 20 and higher. Further improvement in terms of resolution seems possible, for which we envisage that the influence of electroosmotic flow has to be further reduced. The performance of the microfluidic free-flow isoelectric focusing device will enable new applications, as this device might be used in clinical analysis where often low sample volumes are available and fast separation times are essential.