gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-scale methylation analysis of human genomic DNA reveals tissue-specific differences between the methylation profiles of genes and pseudogenes (2000)

Cytosine in CpG dinucleotides is frequently found to be methylated in the DNA of higher eukaryotes and differential methylation has been proposed to be a key element in the organization of gene expression in man. To address this question systematically, we used bisulfite genomic sequencing to study the methylation patterns of three X-linked genes and one autosomal pseudogene in two adult individuals and across nine different tissues. Two of the genes, SLC6A8 and MSSK1, are tissue-specifically expressed. CDM is expressed ubiquitously. The pseudogene, psi SLC6A8, is exclusively expressed in the testis. The promoter regions of the SLC6A8, MSSK1 and CDM genes were found to be essentially unmethylated in all tissues, regardless of their relative expression level. In contrast, the pseudogene psi SLC6A8 shows high methylation of the CpG islands in all somatic tissues but complete demethylation in testis. Methylation profiles in different tissues are similar in shape but not identical. The data for the two investigated individuals suggest that methylation profiles of individual genes are tissue specific. Taken together, our findings support a model in which the bodies of the genes are predominantly methylated and thus insulated from the interaction with DNA-binding proteins. Only unmethylated promoter regions are accessible for binding and interaction. Based on this model we propose to use DNA methylation studies in conjunction with large-scale sequencing approaches as a tool for the prediction of cis-acting genomic regions, for the identification of cryptic and potentially active CpG islands and for the preliminary distinction of genes and pseudogenes.
Monolithic 4×4 single-mode fused coupler (1989)

The fabrication and performance of a monolithic 4×4 single-mode fused coupler is reported. Measurements show that the device exhibits excellent coupling uniformity together with low excess loss. Two propagation paths are seen to be wavelength-flat between 1.2 μm and 1.6 μm, and two paths have a small coupling variation which may be minimised by fabrication technique.
G.ALPHA.q-Protein Carboxyl Terminus Imitation Polypeptide (GCIP)-27 Inhibits Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Induced by Monocrotaline in Rats (2009)

This study was to investigate the probable inhibitory effect of Galphaq-protein carboxyl terminus imitation polypeptide-27 (GCIP-27), the optimized form of GCIP, which is a competition candidate of the activated binding sites on Galphaq, on the right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in rats. We have previously shown that GCIP-27, can prevent the hypertrophyc responses in cultured rat cardiomyocytes induced by noradrenaline and angiotensin II. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single dose (50 mg/kg) of MCT subcutaneouly to induce pulmonary hypertension (PH) and RV hypertrophy. GCIP-27 (30, 90 microg/kg) or vehicle was administered (twice daily, intraperitoneally) from day 1 to day 21. GCIP-27 (90 microg/kg) inhibited the elevated pulmonary arteria systolic pressure (PASP) and mean pulmonary arteria pressure induced by MCT, but its dose at 30 microg/kg only reduced the elevated PASP. And no effect could be seen on the pulmonary arteria diastolic pressure at both two doses. On the other hand, the two doses of GCIP-27 improved significantly the weight ratio of RV to left ventricle plus septum, the RV free wall thickness and pulmonary arteria acceleration time (PAAT). In morphometric observation, GCIP-27 (30, 90g/kg) could attenuate cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, interstitium fibrosis, mitochondria swelling and malformation markedly in RVs of MCT-treated rats. Furthermore, GCIP-27 (30, 90 mug/kg) significantly reduced the overexpression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) induced by MCT in RV cardiocytes. The results suggest that GCIP-27 can effectively attenuate the RV hypertrophy induced by MCT in rats, which may be mediated by both the direct effect on cardiomyocyte and the secondary effect by reducing PH, and may be involved in its influence on the Gq signal pathway.
Recent Trends in Endoscopic Bariatric Therapies (2017)

Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus are severe medical problems that are increasing in prevalence worldwide and result in significant healthcare expenses. While behavioral and pharmacological treatment approaches are partly effective in the short term, their effects are not long-lasting. Although previous studies have described bariatric surgery as the most effective treatment for obesity, it is associated with morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Endoluminal interventions performed entirely using gastrointestinal flexible endoscopy offer alternative approaches to the treatment of obesity that are safer and more cost-effective than current surgical approaches. The use of endoluminal techniques in the field of metabolic obesity disease has diverse promising applications including endoscopic gastroplasty, intragastric balloon, endoluminal malabsorptive bariatric procedures, and gastric electrical stimulation (GES) for the modulation of gastric emptying. This review discusses recent trends and roles in endoscopic bariatric therapies using the currently available endoluminal and transgastric technologies.
Authoring conversational narratives in games with the Chimeria platform. (2014)

Conversations between characters are important aspects of many videogames. However, most such conversational interactions in videogames are quite limited in how they take into account the identities of those characters. Conversation in videogames typically varies, if at all, based only on one aspect of the character such as a non-player character (NPC) referring to the character by race, class, or a gendered pronoun. In this paper, we present an approach to developing conversational narratives that addresses such limitations. Toward this end, we present the Chimeria platform, which uses a cognitive science-grounded model of social category membership to customize how conversational narratives unfold. We also present a playable interactive conversational scenario called “Chimeria:Gatekeeper” authored using the Chimeria Platform. This scenario demonstrates how the system considers multiple aspects of a character’s identity and degree of membership with, and between, social group categories in generating conversational dialog between a player character (PC) and an NPC. Using this scenario we illustrate how our approach allows the construction of conversational narratives that convey social identity phenomena such as stigma and discrimination.
Filters (1982)

Linear filters form a class of system which is of crucial importance in signal processing. Although in its most general sense the term ‘filter’ implies any frequency-selective device or processor, in practice it is generally reserved for a system which transmits a certain range (or ranges) of frequencies, and rejects others: such frequency ranges are called ‘passbands’ and ‘stopbands’ respectively. We shall see later that the ideal filter, which would introduce no attenuation of input signals falling within the passband, and infinite attenuation of signals in the stopband, is not attainable in practice.
Relationship between a Reduced Aroma Production and Lipid Metabolism of Apples after Long-term Controlled-atmosphere Storage (1993)

`Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) harvested at the preclimacteric and climacteric stages of ripening were stored for up to 8 months at 1C in air and under various controlled atmosphere(s) (CA), including ultralow oxygen (ULO) storage conditions. Aroma volatiles were measured at 2-month intervals in fruit ripened for 10 days at 20C. Fruits harvested at the climacteric stage produced more volatiles during all storage conditions than preclimacteric fruit. All CA storage treatments suppressed aroma production compared to cold storage. The greatest reduction was found under ULO (1% O 2 ) and high CO 2 (3%) conditions. A partial recovery of aroma production was observed when CA fruits were subsequently stored for 14 days under cold storage conditions. Suppression of aroma production under ULO conditions seems to be related to low fatty acid synthesis and/or degradation, and is restricted to volatiles having a straight C chain. Production of branched C-chain aroma compounds was suppressed by high CO 2 concentrations. The reduced capacity of aroma production during shelf life after ULO storage is confined to apple cultivars producing mainly ester compounds with a straight C-chain, e.g., `Golden Delicious'.
A performance study of network migration to SDN-enabled Traffic Engineering (2013)

In this paper, we analyze the question of network migration to Software Defined Networking (SDN) from the perspective of Traffic Engineering (TE). For a given network topology and migration planning horizon, we ask the question of which routers in the IP network should migrate to SDN-enabled operation to reduce the need for network capacity upgrades over a given time horizon. We propose an algorithm to determine the optimum schedule for node substitution within a network, which shows that already a few SDN routers, when strategically located, provide a stably large number of path alternatives to be used in TE, thus substantially reducing the need for large network capacity upgrades.
Oxygenation of lipoproteins by mammalian lipoxygenases (1993)

Oxidative modification converts low-density lipoprotein (LDL) into its atherogenic form and appears to be a necessary precondition for LDL uptake by macrophages during foam cell formation. Cellular lipoxygenases have been implicated in this process. We studied the interaction of purified mammalian lipoxygenases with human LDL in vitro and found that the arachidonate 15-lipoxygenases of rabbit and man are capable of oxygenating lipoproteins as indicated by oxygen uptake and by the formation of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances. Furthermore, oxygenated polyenoic fatty acids, such as 13-hydro(pero)xy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid and 15-hydro(pero)xy-5,8,11,13(Z,Z,Z,E)-eicosatetraenoic acid were detected in the lipid compartment of various lipoproteins classes after lipoxygenase treatment. More than 90% of the oxygenated polyenoic fatty acids were found in the ester-lipid fraction, particularly in the cholesterol esters, whereas only small amounts of free hydro(pero)xy polyenoic fatty acids were detected. Lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxygenation of LDL is not restricted to the lipid compartment but also leads to a cooxidative modification of the apoproteins as indicated by changes in the electrophoretic mobility and by the formation of carbonyl derivatives of amino acid side chains. The possible biological significance of lipoxygenase-induced oxidative modification of lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is discussed.
Synthesis of enantiomerically pure .gamma.-amino-.beta.-hydroxybutyric acid using malic acid as the chiral precursor (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of enantiomerically pure .gamma.-amino-.beta.-hydroxybutyric acid using malic acid as the chiral precursorBetageri Rajashekhar and Emil Thomas KaiserCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 26, 5480–5484Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00350a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00350a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views740Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
VEGF-C mediates cyclic pressure-induced endothelial cell proliferation (2002)

Mechanical forces modulate endothelial cell functions through several mechanisms including regulation of gene transcription. In the present study, gene transcription by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) either maintained under control pressure (that is, standard cell culture conditions equivalent to 0.15 mmHg sustained hydrostatic pressure) or exposed to 60/20 mmHg sinusoidal pressures at 1 Hz were compared using Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays to identify cellular/molecular mechanisms associated with endothelial cell responses to cyclic pressure. Cyclic pressure selectively affected transcription of 14 genes that included a set of mechanosensitive proteins involved in hemostasis (tissue plasminogen activator), cell adhesion (integrin-alpha2), and cell signaling (Rho B, cytosolic phospholipase A2), as well as a unique subset of cyclic pressure-sensitive genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2. The present study also provided first evidence that VEGF-C, the most highly induced gene under 60/20 mmHg, mediated HUVEC proliferation in response to this cyclic pressure. Cyclic pressure is, therefore, a mechanical force that modulates endothelial cell functions (such as proliferation) by activating a specific transcriptional program.
Preparation of Pillared Carbons by Pyrolysis of Silylated Graphite Oxide (2007)

Abstract Pillared carbons containing silica between their carbon layers were first prepared by the pyrolysis of graphite oxide silylated by 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane between 450 and 550 °C under vacuum. They possessed both microporosities and mesoporosities existing between their carbon layers.
Networked predictive control and its simple application into a class of bilinear systems (2015)

With the rapid development of control, communication, and micro-electronics technology, networked control systems (NCSs) has attracted considerable attention in the systems and control community. This paper provides the recent research developments of the networked predictive control systems. According to network locations and controlled plants complexity, two different predictive control structures are given: one is for a networked one-agent system, and the other is for a networked multi-agent system. Furthermore, the networked predictive control strategy is applied into networked bilinear systems in a simple way. The simulated examples have been given to illustrate its efficiency.
Orientation Relation Between a Hematite Precipitate and Its Ferrite Host (1959)

An Fe 2 O 3 precipitate formed by overoxidation of a manganese‐zinc ferrite develops a Widmanstätten structure. A single‐crystal X‐ray study has shown the following relative orientations: image This orientation gives only a 3% mismatch between the oxygen framework of the ferrite and the Fe 2 O 3 precipitate.
Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Diabetic Neuropathy (2008)

Diabetic neuropathy is the commonest form of peripheral neuropathy in the developed countries of the world. In diabetic patients, the presence of peripheral neuropathy increases their risks for developing foot ulceration and subsequent necrosis that necessitates lower limb amputation. Although the precise mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy remain unclear, there is evidence that hyperglycemia-induced formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is related to diabetic neuropathy; AGE-modified peripheral nerve myelin is susceptible to phagocytosis by macrophages and contributes to segmental demyelination; modification of major axonal cytoskeletal proteins such as tubulin, neurofilament, and actin by AGEs results in axonal atrophy/degeneration and impaired axonal transport; and glycation of extracellular matrix protein laminin leads to impaired regenerative activity in diabetic neuropathy. Recently, the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) has been found to colocalize with AGEs in diabetic peripheral nerves. This suggests that, in diabetic neuropathy, AGEs and AGE/RAGE interactions induce oxidative stress, result in upregulation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and various NF-kappaB-mediated proinflammatory genes, and exaggerate neurological dysfunction, including altered pain sensation. Additionally, AGE/RAGE-induced oxidative stress further accelerates formation of glycoxidation products such as Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine and pentosidine. Although new drugs that inhibit the formation of AGEs and block the AGE-RAGE interaction are being studied, no effective treatment modalities against AGE-induced nerve injury are currently available clinically. A therapeutic strategy to prevent and ameliorate diabetic neuropathy using anti-AGE agents needs to be established. In this review, the current issues involved in the role of the glycation process and the potential treatment options for diabetic neuropathy are explored.
Generating XML Schemas for DICOM Structured Reporting Templates (2004)

In this paper, the authors describe a methodology to transform programmatically structured reporting (SR) templates defined by the Digital Imaging and Communications for Medicine (DICOM) standard into an XML schema representation. Such schemas can be used in the creation and validation of XML-encoded SR documents that use templates. Templates are a means to put additional constraints on an SR document to promote common formats for specific reporting applications or domains. As the use of templates becomes more widespread in the production of SR documents, it is important to ensure validity of such documents. The work described in this paper is an extension of the authors' previous work on XML schema representation for DICOM SR. Therefore, this paper inherits and partially modifies the structure defined in the earlier work.
Ultra-high accuracy thermal expansion measurements with PTB's precision interferometer (2008)

Demands on dimensional stability and on the detailed knowledge of thermal expansion properties of 'high-tech' materials are growing considerably. One application is the further development of photolithography towards EUV?lithography where it is very important to know the thermal expansion properties of the substrates used for the masks but also for the mirrors used as main optical components. This paper describes the recent state of length/thermal expansion measurements with PTB's precision interferometer. The measurements are based on the observation of the absolute length of gauge-block-shaped or cylindrically material samples as a function of temperature using phase stepping interferometry. As reported earlier, in the precision interferometer alignment errors and errors involving the assignment of the sample's position within the camera pixel array are reduced to a negligible level [1, 2]. As a further improvement, in this paper corrections for the temperature-dependent effect of platen flexing are suggested. Measurement examples are shown to demonstrate CTE-measurement capabilities with uncertainties in the range of 10?9 K?1 or less.
Coding schemes for two-dimensional position sensing (1992)

Possible coding and scanning methods for two-dimensional position-sensing are reviewed. Encoding schemes for one type of scanning method, namely ‘Window-scanning’, are examined in some detail.
Advanced Route Optimization in Ship Navigation (2014)

It is expected that international sea transportation will continue to increase as the world population increases. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) requires preparation of ship navigation efficiency management plans, including improvement in ship cruising methods such as appropriate ship trajectory selection. Moreover, shipping companies pay careful attention to fuel consumption and environmental conservation, while striving to maintain navigation safety and punctual cargo arrival. Generally speaking, slow navigation results in energy savings, but takes longer. Ship speed is determined on the basis of such factors as customer transportation-time and cost requirements, ship officers' wages, insurance, port charges, and ship building costs. Operational methods in ship navigation are limited to output reduction and route selection. In this paper, we propose a newly developed weather routing optimization technology that monitors fuel consumption, considering on-going sea and weather condition variation, including wind, waves, and current.
Dual actions of A<sub>2A</sub> adenosine receptor antagonists on motor dysfunction and neurodegenerative processes (2001)

Abstract Of the four known adenosine receptors, the A 2A receptor has received much attention over the last few years. The discovery of high‐affinity and selective A 2A adenosine receptor antagonists, together with the development of different genetic lines of mice lacking A 2A receptors, have greatly contributed to the new insights into the mechanisms whereby A 2A receptors modulate central nervous system functions. Efforts made using the prototypic A 2A receptor antagonists, e.g., the 8‐styrylxanthine KW 6002 and the pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine SCH 58261, have shown that these drugs are effective in different models of motor impairment mimicking the main features of Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, these drugs show neuroprotective properties in models of brain injury. Consistent with pharmacology, A 2A receptor knockout mice have been found to be less sensitive to both motor impairment and neurochemical changes relevant to neurodegenerative disorders. The main effect of A 2A receptor blockade or inactivation is related to selective interaction with dopamine‐mediated function in the striatum. However, there are responses which appear to be independent of dopamine receptors while the mechanisms underlying neuroprotection remain to be elucidated. Overall, there are now compounds that appear to be promising for treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. The efforts currently ongoing to understand their efficacy in patients will make it possible to assess whether A 2A receptor blockers are a new interesting class of antiparkinsonian agents. Drug Dev. Res. 52:379–386, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.