gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Tensions at Reservoir Pressures and Temperatures; Apparatus and the Water-Methane System (1951)

Abstract An apparatus for the determination of fluid-fluid interfacial tension by thependant drop method has been constructed. The apparatus is refined beyond thosepreviously described in that the samples are introduced into an evacuatedwindowed cell without contacting air or mercury. Interfacial tension data are reported for the water-methane system between 74and 280'F and 15 and 15,000 psi. The variation of wettability of the stainless-steel dropper tip withpressure and temperature was observed incidentally to the measurements. Introduction The most refined previous apparatus for the determination of fluid-fluidinterfacial tension at reservoir conditions was built by Hauser and Michaels.These authors used the pendant drop method, previously investigated by Andreas, Hauser, and Tucker. Recently, Fordham has made the pendant drop method anabsolute one by numerical integration of the differential equation of dropshape. It is necessary to know the difference in density of the two fluids andthe acceleration due to gravity in order to evaluate the interfacial tensionfrom measurements of drop dimensions. Contact angle is not involved in themeasurements by this method. Some precise tests of the method have been made at atmospheric pressure and77?F by Douglas, who found agreement with established values to within about0.1 per cent for water and air, cyclohexane and air, benzene and air, andbenzene and water. No values of interfacial tension from the recent pendantdrop apparatus have been published by Hauser and Michaels. However, values forthe water-benzene and water-decane systems are given in Michaels thesis forpressures from 15 to 10,000 psi and temperatures from 73 to 268?F. Somedeterminations on gas-oil and gas-water systems in the range of 15 to 4,000 psiand 78 to 178 of have been made by Hocott, by the drop-volume method. Thecapillary rise method has been used to investigate the interfacial tension ingas-oil systems at 88 of to several thousand psi by Swartz. Otherdeterminations in gas-oil systems at pressures under 1,000 psia have been madeby Jones, and Beecher and Parkhurst. The scarcity of data for pressures above5,000 psi is apparent. T.P 3019
Structural efficiency of long lightly loaded truss and isogrid columns for space applications (1978)

The general mass characteristics of long lightly loaded columns for space applications are investigated by studying four column concepts. The first is a simple tubular column, the second is a three longeron truss column constructed of tubular members, the third is a three longeron truss column constructed of solid rod members, and the fourth is an open grid work isogrid wall tubular column. Design procedures, which include an initial imperfection in the straightness of the column, are developed for the different concepts and demonstrated numerically. A new set of structural efficiency parameters are developed for lightly loaded columns and are used to show a comparison of the masses of the four column concepts investigated.
Basal and adenosine receptor-stimulated levels of cAMP are reduced in lymphocytes from alcoholic patients. (1987)

Alcoholism causes serious neurologic disease that may be due, in part, to the ability of ethanol to interact with neural cell membranes and change neuronal function. Adenosine receptors are membrane-bound proteins that appear to mediate some of the effects of ethanol in the brain. Human lymphocytes also have adenosine receptors, and their activation causes increases in cAMP levels. To test the hypothesis that basal and adenosine receptor-stimulated cAMP levels in lymphocytes might be abnormal in alcoholism, we studied lymphocytes from 10 alcoholic subjects, 10 age- and sex-matched normal individuals, and 10 patients with nonalcoholic liver disease. Basal and adenosine receptor-stimulated cAMP levels were reduced 75% in lymphocytes from alcoholic subjects. Also, there was a 76% reduction in ethanol stimulation of cAMP accumulation in lymphocytes from alcoholics. Similar results were demonstrable in isolated T cells. Unlike other laboratory tests examined, these measurements appeared to distinguish alcoholics from normal subjects and from patients with nonalcoholic liver disease. Reduced basal and adenosine receptor-stimulated levels of cAMP in lymphocytes from alcoholics may reflect a change in cell membranes due either to chronic alcohol abuse or to a genetic predisposition unique to alcoholic subjects.
Disruption of a mitochondrial RNA-binding protein gene results in decreased cytochrome <i>b</i> expression and a marked reduction in ubiquinol–cytochrome <i>c</i> reductase activity in mouse heart mitochondria (2008)

Mice homozygous for a defect in the PTCD2 (pentatricopeptide repeat domain protein 2) gene were generated in order to study the role of this protein in mitochondrial RNA metabolism. These mice displayed specific but variable reduction of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex activity in mitochondria of heart, liver and skeletal muscle due to a decrease in the expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded cytochrome b, the catalytic core of the complex. This reduction in mitochondrial function has a profound effect on the myocardium, with replacement of ventricular cardiomyocytes by fibro-fatty tissue. Northern blotting showed a reduction in the mRNA for the mitochondrial DNA encoded proteins cytochrome b (cytb) and ND5 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5) and an elevation in a combined pre-processed ND5-CYTB transcript. This suggests that the PTCD2 protein is involved in processing RNA transcripts involving cytochrome b derived from mitochondrial DNA. This defines the site for PTCD2 action in mammalian mitochondria and suggests a possible role for dysfunction of this protein in the aetiology of heart failure.
Characterization of synthetic DNA bar codes in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> gene-deletion strains (2004)

Incorporation of strain-specific synthetic DNA tags into yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene-deletion strains has enabled identification of gene functions by massively parallel growth rate analysis. However, it is important to confirm the sequences of these tags, because mutations introduced during construction could lead to significant errors in hybridization performance. To validate this experimental system, we sequenced 11,812 synthetic 20-mer molecular bar codes and adjacent sequences (>1.8 megabases synthetic DNA) by pyrosequencing and Sanger methods. At least 31% of the genome-integrated 20-mer tags contain differences from those originally synthesized. However, these mutations result in anomalous hybridization in only a small subset of strains, and the sequence information enables redesign of hybridization probes for arrays. The robust performance of the yeast gene-deletion dual oligonucleotide bar-code design in array hybridization validates the use of molecular bar codes in living cells for tracking their growth phenotype.
The unit of foaminess (1938)

J. J. Bikerman, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1938, 34, 634 DOI: 10.1039/TF9383400634
Design, Realization, and Evaluation of xShare for Impromptu Sharing of Mobile Phones (2010)

Mobile phones are truly personal devices loaded with personal data such as photos, contacts, and call history. Yet it is often necessary or desirable to share our phones with others. This is especially true as mobile phones are integrating features conventionally provided by other dedicated devices, from MP3 players to games consoles. Yet existing phones assume a single user and provide little protection for private data and applications when a phone is shared. That is, when we lend our phones to others, we give away complete access. In this work, we present xShare, a protection solution to address this problem. xShare allows phone owners to rapidly specify what they want to share and place the phone into a restricted mode where only the data and applications intended for sharing can be accessed. We first present two formative user studies and derive the design requirements of xShare. We then offer the design of xShare based on file-level access control. We describe the implementation of xShare on Windows Mobile and report a comprehensive evaluation, including performance measurements, usability, and a one-month field trial.
MILK BASIC PROTEIN ENHANCES THE BONE STRENGTH IN OVARIECTOMIZED RATS (2000)

We studied the effects of milk basic protein (MBP) on bone metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Five-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and fed a low-calcium diet (0.009% Ca) for 5 weeks. The OVX rats were divided into three experimental groups: Control group (20% casein), MBP-L group (19.9% casein, 0.1% MBP), and MBP-H (19% casein, 1% MBP) of six animals. The rats were fed each experimental diet for 3 weeks. The bone breaking strength and energy of femur in the MBP-H group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The bone breaking energy of femur in the MBP-L group was also significantly higher than those in the control group. There were no differences in the amount of femoral calcium and phosphorus among the three groups, however, the amounts of femoral proline, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine (typical amino acids of collagen) in the MBP groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. These data indicate that MBP in the whey protein increases the amount of the bone collagen and enhances the bone strength.
Structure and Reactivity of a Preactivated sp<sup>2</sup>–sp<sup>3</sup>Diboron Reagent: Catalytic Regioselective Boration of α,β-Unsaturated Conjugated Compounds (2011)

A novel sp(2)-sp(3) diboron reagent has been developed for the copper-catalyzed β-boration of α,β-unsaturated conjugated compounds. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with various substrates, i.e., α,β-unsaturated esters, ketones, nitriles, ynones, amides, and aldehydes, in the absence of additives such as phosphine and sodium tert-butoxide to provide β-borylhomoenolates in good to excellent yields. The presence of an sp(3)-hybridized boron center, unambigously confirmed by X-ray crystallography, sufficiently activates the unsymmetrical pinacolato diisopropanolaminato diboron (PDIPA diboron, 2) to transfer the sp(2)-hybridized boron moiety chemoselectively. These observations suggest that the activation of one of the boron atoms is an essential step in the Cu-catalyzed β-boration catalytic cycle.
Electron Transfer Dissociation Facilitates the Measurement of Deuterium Incorporation into Selectively Labeled Peptides with Single Residue Resolution (2008)

Mass spectrometry is routinely applied to measure the incorporation of deuterium into proteins and peptides. The exchange of labile, heteroatom-bound hydrogens is mainly used to probe the structural dynamics of proteins in solution, e.g., by hydrogen-exchange mass spectrometry, but also to study the gas-phase structure and fragmentation mechanisms of polypeptide ions. Despite considerable effort in recent years, there is no widely established mass spectrometric method to localize the incorporated deuterium to single amino acid residues, and typically, only the overall deuterium content of peptides or proteins is obtained. The main reason for this is that CID and related techniques induce intramolecular migration of hydrogens ("hydrogen scrambling") upon vibrational excitation of the even-electron precursor ion, thus randomizing the positional distribution of the incorporated deuterium atoms before fragmentation. In contrast, decomposition of radical gas-phase peptide cations upon electron capture dissociation was recently demonstrated to proceed with a very low level of amide hydrogen scrambling. Employing model peptides developed to enable sensitive detection of hydrogen scrambling, we show in the present study that electron transfer dissociation in a 3D-quadrupole ion trap retains the site-specific solution-phase deuterium incorporation pattern and allows for localization of incorporated deuterium with single residue resolution. Furthermore, we exploit this finding to monitor how collisional activation induces proton mobility in a gaseous peptide ion at various levels of vibrational excitation.
Tumorigenesis in Mouse Skin: Inhibition by Synthetic Inhibitors of Proteases (1970)

Three synthetic inhibitors of proteases (tosyl lysine chloromethyl ketone, tosyl phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, and tosyl arginine methyl ester) inhibit the tumorigenesis initiated in mouse skin by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and promoted by croton oil or its active principle, phorbol ester. These protease inhibitors, when applied directly to mouse skin, inhibit some of the irritant effects of the tumor promoter and are not toxic.
Occupational Therapy's Contribution to Pain Management in Queensland (1986)

One hundred and eighty‐nine Queensland registered occupational therapists responded to a questionnaire survey which investigated occupational therapy involvement in the chronic pain management area. Thirty‐three percent of these occupational therapists were involved in the treatment of patients suffering from chronic pain. No occupational therapists were involved in pain management on a full‐time basis, with all having additional patient caseloads and/or responsibilities. Fourteen percent of the occupational therapists who treated pain patients were operating from a specialist pain clinic. The patient groups most frequently seen were the arthritic and back pain groups. Prescription of assistive devices/adaptive equipment and involvement in activities of daily living were the treatment modalities most often used. The discussion centres upon the role played by occupational therapists working with chronic pain patients in Queensland.
A novel method for analysing singly-occurring pulses with nanosecond resolution (1969)

The system is designed to record pulse-shape information of singly occurring pulses with rise-times down to 1 ns. The basic theory of the ‘interrogate pulse’ sampling scheme is described and a system to implement this scheme is outlined. The proposed system employs short term analogue storage of the sampled input, followed by a fast multiplexed analogue to digital converter and digital storage. Some results from an experimental instrument using this system are given.
Optical In-Process Temperature Monitoring of Selective Laser Melting (2013)

Investigation of the melting of overhang layers has been conducted under full temperature monitoring. Mechanisms of the melt penetration into loose powder bed have been determined. Temperature regimes of the selective laser melting process of the 3D object from steel 316L powder also have been investigated.
Extending Mechanistic Routes in Heterazolium Catalysis–Promising Concepts for Versatile Synthetic Methods (2005)

A broad spectrum of valuable cyclic and acyclic products are available in diastereo- and/or enantioselective form by sustainable, organocatalytic processes like the heterazolium-catalyzed transformations shown in the scheme. The carbene-mediated generation of activated carboxylate intermediates provides new possibilities for the straightforward synthesis of multifunctionalized compounds.
Prevention of biofilm formation by dairy products and N-Acetylcysteine on voice prostheses in an artificial throat (2004)

These in vitro experiments demonstrate that biofilm formation on voice prostheses is reduced in an artificial throat by the use of buttermilk, Yakult Light fermented milk drink and N-acetylcysteine. However, the structural differences between the type of voice prostheses may influence the ultimate effects.
Lafora Bodies Associated with Neurologic Signs in a Cat (1998)

Lafora bodies (polyglucosan deposits) were identified in the brain of a young adult cat with neurologic signs characterized by intermittent but progressively worsening head and body tremors. The cerebellar cortex was the most severely affected area of brain, and the deposits were identified within Purkinje cell bodies and processes and throughout the neuropil. The association of Lafora bodies with neurologic signs, occurrence of deposits within neuronal perikarya, and distribution primarily within the cerebellar cortex are features distinct from the more commonly recognized situation in which Lafora bodies occur as incidental lesions in cats.
Prototype demonstration of IP multicasting over optical networks with dynamic point-to-multipoint configuration (2005)

We demonstrate a novel overlay multicasting architecture: IP multicasting over optical networks with dynamic point-to-multipoint configuration. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture exhibits better performance than pure IP multicasting under heavy traffic load.
Differential cytokine expression in human blood monocyte subpopulations: a polymerase chain reaction analysis (1996)

The subpopulation of strongly CD14-positive (CD14++) monocytes and monocytes coexpressing the CD16 antigen and low levels of CD14 (CD14+/CD16+ cells) were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 1 micrograms/mL. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after reverse transcription of isolated mRNA (RT-PCR) revealed similar levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) transcripts in both subpopulations. By contrast, transcripts for interleukin-10 (IL-10) were only detectable in CD14++ monocytes, whereas CD14+/CD16+ cells produced no detectable IL-10 transcripts after 4 hours. Only after 16 hours of LPS stimulation was a low level of IL-10 transcripts discernible in CD14+/CD16+ monocytes. The same pattern was seen at the protein level in that TNF in LPS-stimulated supernatants was comparable for both subpopulations, whereas IL-10 was detected in CD14++ monocytes but not in CD14+/CD16+ cells. To avoid interference of cell activation by CD14 and CD16 antibodies, cells were also isolated based on the high and low level of CD33 antigen expression. Again, weakly CD33-positive cells, which comprise the CD14+/CD16+ cells, showed no or only minimal IL-10 mRNA. When comparing blood monocyte subpopulations with alveolar macrophages (AM), AM showed high levels of LPS-stimulated TNF, whereas IL-10 transcripts were undetectable. Our data show that CD14+/CD16+ blood monocytes produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines like TNF, whereas the anti-inflammatory IL-10 is low or absent, a pattern similar to what is seen in AM.
Influence of the Reynolds Number on the Performance of Centrifugal Compressors (1987)

This work is the result of an investigation based on numerous test data supplied by major compressor manufacturers in USA and in Europe. The main objective of the work is to propose improved formulae for the correction of the efficiency, the head, and the flow as influenced by the Reynolds number variation between workshop tests and specified conditions, carried out with the same machine. Tests on hand have shown that a sufficiently good correlation between measured and predicted values can be obtained with the proposed formulae. In addition a proposal is made for the allowable range, taking into account the inherent limitations for accurate testing at low Reynolds numbers. As a conclusion to this study it is recommended that the proposed formulae and allowable range be reviewed by the ASME, the ISO, or any other appropriate associations for adoption in revised test codes for centrifugal compressors.
Osteomyelitis in military personnel wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan (2007)

Background: Orthopedic injuries occurring in Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) are complicated by infections with multidrug resistant bacteria. We describe demographics and microbiology of OIF/OEF casualties with primary and recurrent osteomyelitis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of OIF/OEF casualties admitted to our facility from February 1, 2003 to August 31, 2006. Electronic records were queried for demographic information, bacteria recovered, antibiotic therapies and duration, site of osteomyelitis, orthopedic devices, and outcomes. Results: There were 110 patients with 139 hospitalizations for osteomyelitis; 94 involved lower extremities, 43 involved upper extremities, and 2 involved the axial skeleton. One hundred three admissions were initial episodes whereas 36 admissions were recurrences. The median age was 27 years; 95% were men. Duration of follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 36 months. Those patients with orthopedic devices had recurrent infections more frequently (26 vs. 5%, p < 0.01). Bacteria, antibiotics, or infection site were not predictive of recurrence. Acinetobacter spp. (70 vs. 5%, p < 0.01), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18 vs. 5%, p = 0.04), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24 vs. 5%, p < 0.01) were more likely to be recovered during original episodes than during recurrences. Gram-positive organisms were more likely during recurrences; Staphylococcus aureus (13 vs. 53%, p < 0.01); methicillin susceptible S. aureus (5 vs. 22%, p < 0.01), methicillin resistant S. aureus (8 vs. 31%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The microbiology of osteomyelitis in veterans of OIF/OEF differs substantially depending upon whether the infection is new or recurrent. Gram-negative pathogens predominate early, being replaced with staphylococci after treatment, despite nearly universal use of gram-positive therapy.
A method for estimating compressed breast thickness during mammography (1995)

Measurements of compressed breast thickness during mammography is necessary for the calculation of breast dose. In theory, it should be possible to calculate breast thickness from the separation of images of radio-opaque markers attached to the compression paddle. Such a technique has been evaluated on two models of X-ray set using simulated and real breasts. The results show that breast thickness at a given position can be determined with an average error of about 2 mm by this method, which is likely to be adequate for dosimetry.
Standby-Power-Free Compact Ternary Content-Addressable Memory Cell Chip Using Magnetic Tunnel Junction Devices (2009)

A compact ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) cell of 3.15 µm2 with a 0.14 µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor process is realized by the use of nonvolatile magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices with spin-injection write. This TCAM cell based on logic-in-memory architecture with nonvolatile MTJs needs no standby power, yet allows instant shut-down of the supply voltage without data backup to an external nonvolatile device.
Membrane Topology of Mouse Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (2005)

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is an integral membrane protein anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum. It catalyzes the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids that are required for the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids. Four mouse isoforms of SCD (SCD1-4) and two human isoforms have been characterized. In the current study, we characterize the topology of the mouse SCD1 isoform. Hydropathy analysis of the 355-amino acid mouse SCD1 protein predicts that the protein contains four transmembrane domains (TMDs) and three loops connecting the membrane-spanning domains. To define the topology of the protein, recombinant SCD1 constructs containing epitope tags were transiently expressed in HeLa cells and analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence and cysteine derivatization. Our data provide evidence that the N and C termini of SCD1 are oriented toward the cytosol with four transmembrane domains separated by two very short hydrophilic loops in the ER lumen and one large hydrophilic loop in the cytosol. In addition, based on the previous observation that SCD is a thiol enzyme, we sought to investigate whether the cysteine residues were essential for enzyme activity through mutagenesis studies, and our data suggest that the cysteines in SCD are not catalytically essential.