gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overlapping but distinct specificities of anti-liver-kidney microsome antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis type II and hepatitis C revealed by recombinant native CYP2D6 and novel peptide epitopes (1999)

Anti-liver-kidney microsome antibodies (anti-LKM) occur in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) type II and in a subset of patients with hepatitis C. Anti-LKM1 in AIH are directed against cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6), but conflicting data exist concerning the specificity of anti-LKM in hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to evaluate binding specificities of anti-LKM antibodies in both diseases using novel test antigens as well as their inhibitory capacity on CYP2D6 enzyme activity. Sera from 22 patients with AIH type II and 17 patients with hepatitis C being anti-LKM-positive in the immunofluorescence test were investigated for binding to native recombinant CYP2D6 and liver microsomes by ELISA and immunoblotting, and to synthetic peptides covering the region 254-339 (254-273, 257-269, 270-294, 291-310, 307-324, 321-339, 373-389) as well as the novel peptide 196-218 by ELISA. Furthermore, all sera were tested for inhibition of CYP2D6-dependent bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase activity. Twenty of the 22 AIH type II sera (91%) and nine of the 17 hepatitis C sera (53%) were positive for CYP2D6 by ELISA and/or immunoblotting. The previously described major peptide epitope comprising CYP2D6 amino acids 257-269 was recognized by 16 of the 22 AIH sera but by only one hepatitis C serum. A further epitope, 196-218, could be defined for the first time as another immunodominant epitope for AIH because it was recognized by 15 of the 22 AIH (68%) but only three of the 17 hepatitis C sera (18%). With the exception of the peptide 254-273, the other peptides showed no significant reactivity. Analysing the inhibitory properties of anti-LKM antibodies it emerged that 95% of AIH sera and 88% of hepatitis C sera inhibited enzyme function. These data indicate that anti-LKM antibodies in AIH and hepatitis C react with CYP2D6, as shown by their inhibitory activity, and that besides the known epitope 257-269 a further immunodominant epitope exists on CYP2D6 which is recognized by sera from patients with AIH II but hardly by sera from patients with hepatitis C.
Synthesis of Ternary Titanium Aluminum Carbides Using Self‐Propagating High‐Temperature Synthesis Technique (2001)

Different ternary carbide phases, namely Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 3 AlC, and Ti 2 AlC, were successfully synthesized in a self‐sustaining regime. Direct reactions among elemental powders of titanium, aluminum, and carbon are strongly exothermic, and the resulting reaction products consist of binary carbides and they are partially molten. The use of TiAl, instead of elemental titanium and aluminum, significantly reduces the combustion temperature. As a result, ternary titanium aluminum carbide phases are formed. In addition, the combustion‐synthesized products are not sintered and easy to deagglomerate. Reaction conditions and X‐ray diffraction patterns of different ternary phases formed in a self‐sustaining regime are presented.
Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hair Loss Disease Alopecia Areata (2013)

Alopecia areata is considered to be a cell-mediated autoimmune disease, in which autoreactive cytotoxic T cells recognize melanocyte-associated proteins such as tyrosinase. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, focusing on immunobiology and hormonal aspects of hair follicles (HFs). The HF is a unique "miniorgan" with its own immune and hormonal microenvironment. The immunosuppressive milieu of the anagen hair bulb modulated by immunosuppressive factors is known as "hair follicle immune privilege." The collapse of the hair follicle immune privilege leads to autoimmune reactions against hair follicle autoantigens. Alopecia areata is sometimes triggered by viral infections such as influenza that causes excess production of interferons (IFN). IFN- γ is one of the key factors that lead to the collapse of immune privilege. This paper reviews the interactions between the endocrine and immune systems and hair follicles in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata.
Computer Graphics in Detailing Strut‐Tie Models (1992)

An interactive computer‐graphics program implementing the strut‐tie model approach for analysis and design of reinforced and prestressed concrete members is presented. The program consists of three parts. The first and second parts can be considered as a pre‐ and postprocessor for a finite element code to analyze plane stress and plane strain problems as well as plane truss problems. The results of the first part (direction of compressive principal stresses) provide guidance in the development of strut‐tie models. In the second part of the program, the chosen strut‐tie model is analyzed to determine the forces in the individual components of the model. The third part is a design routine for dimensioning and detailing the components of the proposed strut‐tie model (struts, nodes, ties). The features and the interaction between the parts of the program are demonstrated with the design of a reinforced concrete, dapped‐end beam. Computer graphics is shown to be an efficient way to develop and detail strut‐tie models for the design of reinforced concrete structures.
Efficacy and Safety of Up-dosing Antihistamines in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2020)

The low quality and heterogeneity of the articles reviewed made it impossible to reach robust conclusions and reveal the need for large-scale randomized clinical trials.
CXCL1/KC and CXCL5/LIX are selectively produced by corneal fibroblasts and mediate neutrophil infiltration to the corneal stroma in LPS keratitis (2006)

The severity of corneal inflammation depends on the activity of infiltrating neutrophils responding to chemotactic factors such as CXC chemokines. This study examines the relative contribution of CXCL1/keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), CXCL2/monocyte-inhibitory protein-2 (MIP-2), and CXCL5/LPS-induced chemokine (LIX) in neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma during LPS keratitis, where neutrophils infiltrate the corneal stroma at 6 h after LPS injection and peak at 24 h. Consistent with this timeframe, KC was detected after 3 h, reached peak levels at 24 h, and decreased thereafter. In contrast, LIX production was not detected until 8 h after injection and peaked at 24 h. MIP-2 was detected at 3 h but did not reach the levels of KC and LIX. Cell types associated with corneal inflammation produced markedly different chemokines in vitro: Murine corneal fibroblasts (MK/T-1) produced LIX and KC in response to LPS but did not produce MIP-2, whereas peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils produced MIP-2 and KC but did not produce LIX. To determine the role of these chemokines in neutrophil recruitment to the cornea, anti-LIX, anti-KC, or anti-MIP-2 was injected into the corneal stroma of enhanced GFP chimeric mice prior to LPS, and total cell and neutrophil infiltration was examined. Antibody to LIX and KC, injected individually or in combination, significantly inhibited neutrophil recruitment to the cornea, whereas anti-MIP-2 had no inhibitory effect. Together, these findings demonstrate cell-specific production of CXC chemokines and show that LIX and KC mediate neutrophil recruitment into the cornea during LPS keratitis.
Inflammation and Endometrial Cancer: A Hypothesis (2005)

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Substantial epidemiologic data implicate an imbalance of estrogens and progestogens in the etiology of this disease. We propose that inflammation also plays a role in endometrial cancer development. Emerging laboratory data suggest that elevated levels of prostaglandin E(2) may underlie the transformation of normal endometrium to neoplastic tissue and that in vitro nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may inhibit endometrial cancer cell growth. In this review, we suggest that the risk factors for endometrial cancer--unopposed estrogens, anovulation, polycystic ovary syndrome, excessive menstruation, early menarche, and late menopause--may be viewed as factors increasing the exposure of the endometrium to inflammation, whereas pregnancy and smoking, two likely protective factors, have the opposite effect. Chronic inflammation can induce rapid cell division, increasing the possibility for replication error, ineffective DNA repair, and subsequent mutations. A proinflammatory milieu can also directly increase estrogen production. Hence, inflammation may work in conjunction with or in addition to estrogen exposure in the development of endometrial cancer.
One-pot Synthesis of Symmetrical 1,4-Disubstituted Piperazine-2,5-diones (2004)

The piperazine-2,5-dione moiety occurs in a variety of drugs and natural products which span a wide spectrum of biological activities, e.g., roquefortine, bicyclomycin, dipodazine, neihumicin, phomamide, and dihydrodysamide C. Additionally, this heterocyclic system has found unique applications as an acceptor for organic anions or metal cations and in material sciences. While numerous approaches to piperazine-2,5-diones have been reported, there is still considerable demand for more economic and versatile syntheses. Herein, we report a convenient, one-pot synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted piperazine-2,5-diones (2) based on the mild homoannulation of N-substituted 2chloroamides (1, eq. 1).
NIR optical probes targeting glucose transporters (2004)

A current limitation of NIR imaging is the lack of sufficient tumor-to-tissue contrast due to the nonspecific nature of delivering the dye to the tumor. Utilizing one of the most important cancer signatures, the overexpression of GLUTs, we have developed a series of 2-deoxyglucose conjugated NIR dyes (NIR- 2DG) to enhance tumor selectivity. This uptake mechanism is first confirmed in vitro by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry studies with various cancer cells. Following intravenously administration to animals, NIR-2DGs are selectively accumulated in the tumor compared to the surrounding normal tissue as observed by ex vivo and in vivo fluorescence imaging techniques.
Net Heat Flux Reduction for Pulsed Film Cooling on a Turbine Blade Leading Edge (2009)

Film cooling is used to protect components in the hot gas path of a gas turbine engine from the high temperature main flow. In addition to reducing the adiabatic wall temperature, film cooling generally increases the heat transfer coefficient, thereby partially offsetting the benefits in reduced adiabatic wall temperature. Adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient are often combined to predict the net heat flux reduction due to film cooling in a steady film flow. Unsteadiness in film flow, however, may arise due to inherent unsteadiness in the external flow or may be intentionally induced as a means of flow control. In the present study, we make use of a new experimental technique to analyze the performance of unsteady film cooling on the leading edge of a turbine blade. The net heat flux reduction with pulsed film cooling is measured and compared to the steady jet with matched average mass flow rate. A cylindrical leading edge with a flat afterbody is used to simulate the turbine blade leading edge region. For a single coolant hole located 21.5° from the leading edge, angled 20° to the surface and 90° to the streamwise direction, measurements indicate that steady film flow is generally desirable relative to pulsed film cooling. However, at high average coolant flow rates beyond the optimum blowing ratio, pulsing the film cooling jet can be advantageous. Measurements were made at freestream Reynolds numbers of ReD = 60k and 30k, each with two different turbulence intensities.
Intranasal splints and their effects on intranasal adhesions and septal stability (1992)

Intranasal splints have been used to maintain septal stability and prevent intranasal adhesions following septal surgery. However, their efficacy and attendant morbidity have received surprisingly little attention. Our prospective study of 100 adults was divided into patients undergoing septoplasty or submucous resection of the nasal septum alone (n = 50) and those undergoing combined septal and inferior turbinate surgery (n = 50). All patients were randomized to have paired silicon rubber splints inserted for 7 days or not at all. All noses were additionally packed with 2 pieces of Jelonet for 12-20 h and examined and cleaned at 1 and 6 weeks post-operatively. The position of the septum, patency of the airways, presence of adhesions and degree of discomfort were recorded. Statistical analysis of the 89 complete sets of results obtained indicated splints added significantly to post-operative discomfort in both groups, with no demonstrable benefit to the patient.
Expression of human cytomegalovirus UL36 and UL37 genes is required for viral DNA replication (1995)

It was previously reported that the region encoding human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genes UL36 to UL38 was required for origin-dependent DNA replication. These genes encode transactivators that upregulate viral and cellular transcription. However, their requirement for viral DNA replication has not been demonstrated. We have now used an antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide complementary to the intron-exon boundary of the UL36 and UL37 unspliced RNA to show that these gene products are required for HCMV DNA replication. Southern analysis showed that this oligonucleotide almost completely inhibits HCMV DNA replication when used at concentrations as low as 0.08 microM. The ability of this oligonucleotide to inhibit DNA replication was not the result of an inhibition of virus adsorption. Southern blots showed no impairment of viral adsorption or internalization in the presence of either specific or nonspecific phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. In addition, Northern (RNA) blots confirm that this antisense compound specifically reduced UL36 mRNA in treated cells to undetectable levels while the steady-state levels of immediate-early transcripts IE1 and IE2 were unaffected. These results demonstrate that the UL36 and UL37 gene products provide an essential function in initiation of HCMV DNA replication.
Making secure processors OS- and performance-friendly (2009)

In today's digital world, computer security issues have become increasingly important. In particular, researchers have proposed designs for secure processors that utilize hardware-based memory encryption and integrity verification to protect the privacy and integrity of computation even from sophisticated physical attacks. However, currently proposed schemes remain hampered by problems that make them impractical for use in today's computer systems: lack of virtual memory and Inter-Process Communication support as well as excessive storage and performance overheads. In this article, we propose (1) address independent seed encryption (AISE), a counter-mode-based memory encryption scheme using a novel seed composition, and (2) bonsai Merkle trees (BMT), a novel Merkle tree-based memory integrity verification technique, to eliminate these system and performance issues associated with prior counter-mode memory encryption and Merkle tree integrity verification schemes. We present both a qualitative discussion and a quantitative analysis to illustrate the advantages of our techniques over previously proposed approaches in terms of complexity, feasibility, performance, and storage. Our results show that AISE+BMT reduces the overhead of prior memory encryption and integrity verification schemes from 12% to 2% on average for single-threaded benchmarks on uniprocessor systems, and from 15% to 4% for coscheduled benchmarks on multicore systems while eliminating critical system-level problems.
Phospholipids. 5. The effect of cod-liver oil in the diet on the composition of hen's egg phospholipids (1958)

Research Article| February 01 1958 Phospholipids. 5. The effect of cod-liver oil in the diet on the composition of hen's egg phospholipids* D. N. Rhodes D. N. Rhodes 1Low Temperature Station for Research in Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Cambridge, and Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1958) 68 (2): 380–384. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0680380 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D. N. Rhodes; Phospholipids. 5. The effect of cod-liver oil in the diet on the composition of hen's egg phospholipids. Biochem J 1 February 1958; 68 (2): 380–384. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0680380 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1958 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1958 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Folate-mediated intracellular drug delivery increases the anticancer efficacy of nanoparticulate formulation of arsenic trioxide (2009)

Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) is a frontline drug for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and is in clinical trials for treatment of other malignancies, including multiple myeloma; however, efforts to expand clinical utility to solid tumors have been limited by toxicity. Nanoparticulate forms of As(2)O(3) encapsulated in 100-nm-scale, folate-targeted liposomes have been developed to lower systematic toxicity and provide a platform for targeting this agent. The resultant arsenic "nanobins" are stable under physiologic conditions but undergo triggered drug release when the pH is lowered to endosomal/lysosomal levels. Cellular uptake and antitumor efficacy of these arsenic liposomes have been evaluated in folate receptor (FR)-positive human nasopharyngeal (KB) and cervix (HeLa) cells, as well as FR-negative human breast (MCF-7) tumor cells through confocal microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, and cytotoxicity studies. Uptake of folate-targeted liposomal arsenic by KB cells was three to six times higher than that of free As(2)O(3) or nontargeted liposomal arsenic; the enhanced uptake occurs through folate-mediated endocytosis, leading to a 28-fold increase in cytotoxicity. In contrast, tumor cells with lower FR density on the surface (HeLa and MCF-7) showed much less uptake of the folate-targeted drug and lower efficacy. In cocultures of KB and MCF-7 cells, the folate-targeted arsenic liposomes were exclusively internalized by KB cells, showing high targeting specificity. Our studies further indicate that folate-targeted delivery of As(2)O(3) with coencapsulated nickel(II) ions (as a nontoxic adjuvant) potentiates the As(2)O(3) efficacy in relatively insensitive solid tumor-derived cells and holds the promise of improving drug therapeutic index.
On the error-rate performance of 4-state turbo codes with puncture-constrained DRP interleavers (2012)

It has often been demonstrated that conventional 4-state turbo codes do not perform well in either the waterfall or error-rate flare regions due to poor inherent convergence and distance properties, especially for highly-punctured codes. This paper shows that the opposite can be true when carefully chosen data and parity puncture masks are used with matching puncture-constrained dithered relative prime (DRP) interleavers. With an interleaver length of K=2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">23</sup> (8-meg), it is shown that waterfalls within 0.1 dB of capacity are possible for code rates R≥2/3. Waterfall performance can also be traded for improved distance to achieve very low error-rate flares. With an interleaver length of K=2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> = 16384, R=8/9, and 50% data puncturing, a packet error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> was achieved within 0.57 dB of the corresponding binary sphere packing bound without using a cleanup code.
Intracavity laser processing of reflecting surfaces (2003)

By observing the TEA CO<sub>2</sub> laser generation dynamics during the intracavity processing of reflecting surfaces, physical mechanisms responsible for the fabrication of periodic sub-micrometer structures are studied.
Editorial (2001)

anada is considered one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world, and for many of us, this diversity is a source of pride.Yet, it is not without its challenges.The implications for health system managers are clear -different languages and cultural perceptions can create tremendous barriers to communication and care delivery.Sensitivity to the values of diverse groups is a subject that is receiving increasing attention in the media as well as in professional publications.Ray Grady, who is President and CEO of the Evanston Hospital in Illinois, gave an inspiring presentation at a meeting of health educators and practitioners I attended last year.In this issue, we are pleased to have a modified version of his presentation.With passion, Mr. Grady describes the challenges for leaders in removing barriers and in reaffirming basic values and beliefs about multiculturalism.To supplement this paper, we have two Canadian commentaries.First Brenda Evans discusses the approach to multicultural leadership taken by the Vancouver/Richmond Health Board.Next, Elizabeth Hanna describes a more hands-on application of multicultural values in a specific patient care program.The events of September 11th were disturbing to everyone.For healthcare managers, along with the horror of the situation, there was also concern about the extraordinary challenges such a catastrophic event would place upon the system.In this issue, we are pleased to publish the emergency response strategy developed by Ontario's Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.We would be equally pleased to publish strategies from other provinces.Recently, the Canadian Institute for Health Information released an extensive report, "Canada's Health Care Providers" (www.cihi.ca),that offers a comprehensive overview of this topic in Canada.In this issue, Jennifer Zelmer and Kira Leeb summarize key facts from the CIHI report that will enlighten the reader as to the depth of the human resource problem and offer insights for planners and policy makers.We will continue the focus on Canada's healthcare providers in an upcoming issue of the journal HealthcarePapers to be published in spring 2002.Watch for details on www.longwoods.com.