gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Surface Active Additives on the Partitioning of Proteins and Enzymes in Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems (1996)

The effect of cationic and anionic surface active additives on the partitioning of proteins has been studied. The surface active agents interact with proteins electrostatically and also hydrophobically. The increased hydrophobicity of the proteins because of association with surfactants is responsible for the changes in the partition coefficients and in some cases for precipitation of the proteins. Specific interactions also exist between mildly surface active amino acids and proteins.
Binding and Cytotoxicity of Ricinus communis Lectins to HeLa Cells, Sarcoma 180 Ascites Tumor Cells and Erythrocytes (1984)

The binding of Ricinus communis lectins to HeLa cells, Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells and human erythrocytes was studied in detail. Scatchard plots of binding of 125I-lectins to these cells gave biphasic lines except for HeLa cells at 0 degree C. The association constants of lectins for the three cell types at 37 degrees C were lower than those at 0 degree C. The numbers of total binding sites were estimated to be 7 to 16 X 10(7) per HeLa cell, 3 to 4 X 10(7) per Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cell and 0.4 to 1 X 10(6) per erythrocyte. A fraction, 16 to 27% of the total amount of cell-bound lectin at 37 degrees C, appeared to be bound irreversibly as judged by non-removal on washing with 0.1 M lactose, whereas no lectin was irreversibly bound at 0 degree C. In the case of erythrocytes, no lectin became irreversibly bound even at 37 degrees C. The toxicity of lectins on HeLa cells and Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells was investigated. The toxicity of ricin D was 50 times for Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells and 140 times for HeLa cells as much as that for castor bean hemagglutinin. As to the sensitivities of both cell types to these lectins, it became apparent that Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells were more susceptible than HeLa cells.
A more detailed study of bile salt evolution, including techniques for small-scale identification and their application to amphibian biles (1974)

1. Methods have been developed for the isolation and identification of small amounts of bile salts and of bile acids and alcohols obtained by solvolysis. These methods involve preparative and analytical t.l.c., purification on columns of protonated Al(2)O(3) and Sephadex LH-20 and also g.l.c.-mass spectroscopy of solvolysis products. 2. Application to 29 species of frogs and toads has confirmed the constancy of bile salt patterns in a single species, including colour phases in two instances, and has revealed great variations between different species in some genera (e.g. Rana, Ptychadena) and little difference between widely distributed species in others (e.g. Bufo). 3. Taxonomic deductions should be made with caution and with regard to the physiological significance of the biochemical character considered. The molecular differences found might be interpreted as indicating variations in the rate of evolution.
Rubber toughening of poly(lactide) by blending and block copolymerization (1994)

Abstract Copolymers of L‐lactide with 15 or more mole % D‐lactide are amorphous, noncrystallizable hydrolytically degradable materials. These glassy materials are brittle in tension and bending. To make these materials suitable for use as load‐bearing devices in biomedical applications, toughness has to be enhanced. This is effectively accomplished by introducing a separate degradable rubber phase in the amorphous matrix. Several approaches have been explored: solution blending and coprecipitation of trimethylene carbonate and ϵ‐caprolactone rubbers and poly(lactide), preparation of ABA triblock copolymers and blending of ABA block copolymers with the amorphous poly(lactide) matrix. In all cases very tough materials could be prepared. These materials are easily processable by compression molding at relatively low temperatures.
Rectifying Antennas (Rectennas) (2005)

Abstract Rectifying antennas, commonly referred to as rectennas , are integral parts of microwave power transmission or wireless power transmission (WPT ) systems. In WPT systems, RF power is transmitted from one location and captured at another location. The term rectenna consists of parts of the words “ rect ifier” and “ant enna ” since its function is to absorb incoming radiofrequency (RF ) energy and convert this energy to usable DC power. Advanced concepts for WPT , in which rectennas play a vital role, include the ground–space applications of powering aircraft and high‐altitude platforms remotely as well as space solar power where the sun's energy is transmitted from space in the form of microwaves to Earth's surface. WPT can also be useful in several ground–ground applications, including supplying power to remote locations such as islands where the infrastructure to generate power is either absent or not cost‐effective to build. However, the main future use for WPT is seen in a myriad of space–space applications. These include supplying power to space colonies and space shuttles from nuclear powered satellites. This will enable space explorers to obtain the necessary power needed, at locations far from Earth, to further explore the depths of space.
Effect of Calcium-induced Whey Protein Encapsulation System on Stability of Vitamin B12 (2010)

Whey protein was used as the carrier to encapsulate and protect vitamin B12.Results indicated that network microstructure formed by heat-denatured whey protein isolate(WPI) under the induction of Ca2+ could effectively encapsulate vitamin B12.The optimal concentrations of WPI and calcium for encapsulation efficiency of vitamin B12 were 8% and 0.2 mol/L,respectively.The highest encapsulation efficiency was up to 50% under this optimal condition.Moreover,under mimic gastric conditions,this encapsulation system exhibited a delayed release of vitamin B12 to reduce the damage of vitamin B12 by acid or pepsin.On the other hand,under mimic intestinal environments,vitamin B12 could be completely released from protein encapsulation system within 2 h.
Tumor infiltrating B-cells are increased in prostate cancer tissue (2014)

Our study shows that higher B-cell infiltration was present within the intra-tumoral PCa regions compared to the extra-tumoral benign prostate tissue regions in prostatectomy sections. For this study we developed a new method to measure B-cells using computer-assisted digitized image analysis. Accurate, consistent quantitation of B-cells in prostatectomy specimens is essential for future clinical trials evaluating the effect of B cell ablating antibodies. The interaction of B-cells and PCa may serve as the basis for new therapeutic targets.
A possibility of avoiding surface roughness due to insects (1984)

Discussion of a method for eliminating turbulence caused by the formation of insect roughness upon the leading edges and fuselage, particularly in aircraft using BLC. The proposed technique foresees the use of elastic surfaces on which insect roughness cannot form. The operational characteristics of highly elastic rubber surface fastened to the wing leading edges and fuselage edges are examined. Some preliminary test results are presented. The technique is seen to be advantageous primarily for short-haul operations.
A real-world system for simultaneous translation of German lectures (2013)

We present a real-time automatic speech translation system for university lectures that can interpret several lectures in parallel. University lectures are characterized by a multitude of diverse topics and a large amount of technical terms. This poses specific challenges, e.g., a very specific vocabulary and language model are needed. In addition, in order to be able to translate simultaneously, i.e., to interpret the lectures, the components of the systems need special modifications. The output of the system is delivered in the form or realtime subtitles via a web site that can be accessed by the students attending the lecture through mobile phones, tablet computers or laptops. We evaluated the system on our German to English lecture translation task at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The system is now being installed in several lecture halls at KIT and is able to provide the translation to the students in several parallel sessions.
Towards Code-switching ASR for End-to-end CTC Models (2019)

Although great progress has been made on end-to-end (E2E) models for monolingual and multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR), there is no successful study for E2E models on the challenging intra-sentential code-switching (CS) ASR task to our best knowledge. In this paper, we propose an approach for CS ASR using E2E connectionist temporal classification (CTC) models. We use a frame-level language identification model to linearly adjust the posteriors of an E2E CTC model. We evaluate the proposed method on Microsoft live Chinese Cortana data with 7000 hours Chinese and English monolingual data and 300 hours CS data as the training data. Trained with only monolingual data without observing any CS data, the proposed method can obtain up to 6.3% relative word error rate (WER) reduction. In the scenario of training with both monolingual and CS data, the proposed method can get up to 4.2% relative WER improvement. This approach can also maintain comparable performance on a Chinese test set compared with baseline models.
Networks of bZIP Protein-Protein Interactions Diversified Over a Billion Years of Evolution (2013)

Differences in biomolecular sequence and function underlie dramatic ranges of appearance and behavior among species. We studied the basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors and quantified bZIP dimerization networks for five metazoan and two single-cell species, measuring interactions in vitro for 2891 protein pairs. Metazoans have a higher proportion of heteromeric bZIP interactions and more network complexity than the single-cell species. The metazoan bZIP interactomes have broadly similar structures, but there has been extensive rewiring of connections compared to the last common ancestor, and each species network is highly distinct. Many metazoan bZIP orthologs and paralogs have strikingly different interaction specificities, and some differences arise from minor sequence changes. Our data show that a shifting landscape of biochemical functions related to signaling and gene expression contributes to species diversity.
Study of interaction of styrene oxide with Angiotensin by mass spectrometry (1992)

The present study describes how mass spectrometry was extensively applied to the characterization and quantification of modified amino acids within the polypeptide chain of Angiotensin I, chosen as model substrate, combining the use of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry with gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. The reaction products after in vitro incubation of Angiotensin I with styrene oxide, a well known carcinogen, under different conditions, have been characterized: a prominent reactivity of several potential nucleophilic sites of Angiotensin I was shown, including two histidine residues and a tyrosine residue; it is worth noting that it has never been stated that tyrosine is highly reactive with styrene oxide. The results obtained demonstrate the usefulness of mass spectrometry for the structural determination of chemically modified amino acids in peptides and proteins, and the presence of a reliable relationship between reaction conditions and the production of alkylated amino acids. This characterization procedure offers the possibility of identifying reactive sites following exposure to unknown alkylating agents.
<i>SIN3</i> -Dependent Transcriptional Repression by Interaction with the Mad1 DNA-Binding Protein (1996)

The SIN3 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a negative regulator of transcription of a large number of genes. Mouse homologs of SIN3 have been identified through screens for proteins interacting with the mammalian Mad1 protein, a transcriptional repressor. We find that yeast Sin3 (ySin3) interacts with Madl and that, as for mouse Sin3, the N terminus of Mad1 interacts with the PAH2 domain of ySin3. Although Mad1 (a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper [bHLH-Zip) protein) forms a heterodimer with the Max bHLH-Zip protein, LexA-Mad1 and VP16-Max do not activate transcription of a reporter gene in a two-hybrid assay. This failure in activation is due to direct repression by ySin3, as LexA-Mad1 and VP16-Max are able to activate the two-hybrid reporter in a sin3 mutant. This inhibition of activation by LexA-Mad1 and VP16-Max requires the PAH2 domain of ySin3 and the N-terminal interaction region of Mad1. These data demonstrate that ySin3 functions as a transcriptional repressor by being brought to promoters by interacting with proteins bound to DNA.
Dependency maintenance in declarative geometry modelling (1997)

G-Rep provides an expressive and declarative way of geometry representation. G-Rep solids as complex representations of geometry can be created from a set of basic volumes where the semantics of the generated geometry is sequence independent. In many applications not only the generation of geometry but also its change and revision is necessary, and it should also be done in a way which is independent of the sequence in which the geometry had been generated. This can be achieved by the integration of dependency maintenance techniques with G-Rep's geometry modelling. The declarative way of geometry representation in G-Rep is essential here. The dependency maintenance has to be modified in order to allow for the representation of positive dependencies between geometric entities as well as negative one which result from influences basic volumes have to each other. This integration of dependency maintenance in G-Rep's geometry modelling provides essential pre-conditions for a fully declarative and interactive geometry editor as well as for a tight conceptual coupling of geometry and knowledge based systems.
Nonstructural Proteins of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Suppress Premature Apoptosis by an NF-κB-Dependent, Interferon-Independent Mechanism and Facilitate Virus Growth (2006)

The two nonstructural (NS) proteins NS1 and NS2 of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are abundantly expressed in the infected cell but are not packaged in mature progeny virions. We found that both proteins were expressed early in infection, whereas the infected cells underwent apoptosis much later. Coincident with NS protein expression, a number of cellular antiapoptotic factors were expressed or activated at early stages, which included NF-kappaB and phosphorylated forms of protein kinases AKT, phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase, and glycogen synthase kinase. Using specific short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), we achieved significant knockdown of one or both NS proteins in the infected cell, which resulted in abrogation of the antiapoptotic functions and led to early apoptosis. NS-dependent suppression of apoptosis was observed in Vero cells that are naturally devoid of type I interferons (IFN). The siRNA-based results were confirmed by the use of NS-deleted RSV mutants. Early activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the RSV-infected cell did not require NS proteins. Premature apoptosis triggered by the loss of NS or by apoptosis-promoting drugs caused a severe reduction of RSV growth. Finally, recombinantly expressed NS1 and NS2, individually and together, reduced apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor alpha, suggesting an intrinsic antiapoptotic property of both. We conclude that the early-expressed nonstructural proteins of RSV boost viral replication by delaying the apoptosis of the infected cell via a novel IFN- and EGFR-independent pathway.
Time Domain Decomposition in Parallel Analysis of Transient States (2006)

In this paper the parallel method for the transient state analysis in electrical circuits, described by a system of ordinary differential equations, is presented. The general idea of this method is based on decomposition of the analyzed time domain into sub-intervals. Parallel computations in particular sub-intervals of time are conducted with the initial conditions determined on the basis of an approximation of convergent graph solution by exponential function and with the use of sequential numerical Runge-Kutta method
The Marine Inorganic Carbon Cycle (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Marine Inorganic Carbon CycleFrank J. MilleroView Author Information Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 2, 308–341Publication Date (Web):February 14, 2007Publication History Received7 April 2006Published online14 February 2007Published inissue 1 February 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0503557https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0503557research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6085Altmetric-Citations362LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Calcite,Dissolution,Inorganic carbon compounds,Seawater,Surface waters Get e-Alerts
Is the plasma kallikrein-kinin system antithrombotic? (2006)

Comment on Shariat-Madar et al, page [192][1]

In this issue, Shariat-Madar and colleagues provide evidence that BK B2 receptor knockout (BKB2R-/-) mice have a long bleeding time and delayed thrombosis that depends in part on nitric oxide and prostacyclin elevation produced by angiotensin II binding
Mechanical cleaning of graphene (2012)

Contamination of graphene due to residues from nanofabrication often introduces background doping and reduces electron mobility. For samples of high electronic quality, post-lithography cleaning treatments are therefore needed. We report that mechanical cleaning based on contact mode atomic force microscopy removes residues and significantly improves the electronic properties. A mechanically cleaned dual-gated bilayer graphene transistor with hexagonal boron nitride dielectrics exhibited a mobility of ∼36 000 cm2/Vs at low temperature.
The analysis of hybrid trie structures (1998)

This paper provides a detailed analysis of various implementations of digital tries, including the «ternary search tries» of Bentley and Sedgewick. The methods employed combine symbolic uses of generating functions, Poisson models, and Mellin transforms. Theoretical results are matched against real-life data and justify the claim that ternary search tries are a highly efficient dynamic dictionary structure for strings and textual data.
Evaluation of the probiotic characteristics of Bacillus species isolated from different food sources (2012)

Probiotics have established their efficacy as dietary adjuncts providing benefits to consumers. However, selection of probiotics before incorporation into diet requires close scrutiny in the form of in vitro as well as in vivo tests. Three bacteriocinogenic Bacillus sp., namely, B. licheniformis Me1, B. flexus Hk1, and B. subtilis Bn1 previously isolated from milk, cheese and fermented beans, respectively, were characterized for typical in vitro probiotic criteria. When compared to probiotic Bacillus coagulans, all three cultures were found to possess better acid and bile tolerance. Cultures Me1 and Bn1, except Hk1, showed bile salt hydrolase activity. A marked difference in adhesion to hydrocarbons and auto-aggregation properties from 10–80 and 60–99%, respectively, were observed for the tested cultures. Highest antioxidant activity was measured for culture Hk1 (66.6%), whereas least activity of 53% was observed for culture Bn1. Cultures Me1 and Bn1 were sensitive to all the antibiotics tested, whereas Hk1 and B. coagulans showed resistance to the penicillin group of β-lactum antibiotics. All the tested cultures showed a broad spectrum of activity against food-borne pathogens. In co-cultivation studies, B. licheniformis Me1 completely inhibited the growth of the indicator pathogen Listeria monocytogenes ScottA. Overall, the test cultures exhibiting potential probiotic characteristics, particularly B. licheniformis Me1, can serve as probiotics of commercial interest.
Self-adjusted all-dielectric metasurfaces for deep ultraviolet femtosecond pulse generation (2016)

The advantage of metasurfaces and nanostructures with a high nonlinear response is that they do not require phase matching, and the generated pulses are short in the time domain without additional pulse compression. However, the fabrication of large-scale planar structures by lithography-based methods is expensive, time consuming, and requires complicated preliminary simulations to obtain the most optimized geometry. Here, we propose a novel strategy for the self-assembled fabrication of large-scale resonant metasurfaces, where incident femtosecond laser pulses adjust the initial silicon films via specific surface deformation to be as resonant as possible for a given wavelength. The self-adjusting approach eliminates the necessity of multistep lithography and designing, because interference between the incident and the scattered parts of each laser pulse "imprints" resonant field distribution within the film. The self-adjusted metasurfaces demonstrate a high damage threshold (≈10<sup>12</sup> W cm<sup>-2</sup>) and efficient frequency conversion from near-IR to deep UV. The conversion efficiency is up to 30-fold higher compared with nonresonant smooth Si films. The resulting metasurfaces allow for the generation of UV femtosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of 270 nm with a high peak and average power (≈10<sup>5</sup> W and ≈1.5 μW, respectively). The results pave the way to the creation of ultrathin nonlinear metadevices working at high laser intensities for efficient deep UV generation at the nanoscale.
Preconcentration and Voltammetric Determination of Mercury(II) at a Chemically Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (1996)

In this work, the organic compound 2-mercaptobenzimidazole was covalently bound on the surface of a glassy carbon rod, via silanization, yielding a material capable of selectively complexing Hg(2+) ions. This material was applied as an electrode for voltammetric determination of mercury(II) following its nonelectrolytic preconcentration. After exchanging the medium, the voltammetric measurements were carried out by anodic stripping in the differential pulse mode (pulse amplitude, 50 mV; scan rate, 1.25 mV s(-)(1)) using 10(-)(2) mol L(-)(1) NaSCN solution as supporting electrolyte. An anodic stripping peak was obtained at 0.06 V (vs SCE) by scanning the potential from -0.3 to +0.3 V. After a 5 min preconcentration period in a pH 4.0 Hg(2+) solution, this electrode shows increasing voltammetric response in the range 0.1-2.2 μg mL(-)(1), with a relative standard deviation of 5% and a practical detection limit of 0.1 μg mL(-)(1) (5.0 × 10(-)(7) mol dm(-)(3)). Compared with the conventional stripping approach, this chemically modified glassy carbon electrode procedure presented good discrimination against interference from Cu(II) in up to 10-fold molar excess.