gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron transport and band structure of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:math>alloys (1980)

Measurements of electrical conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and Hall coefficient ${R}_{H}$ have been made as a function of temperature in the range room to 230 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C on epitaxial $n$-type samples of ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}\mathrm{As}$ with carrier concentrations in the range 5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{21}$ to 1.6 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{24}$ ${\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. Theoretical calculations of $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and ${R}_{H}$ have been made on a three-band ($\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, $L$, $X$) model using the method of Fletcher and Butcher, and the resulting values fitted to the experimental data by using the band-energy differences and various parameters in the electron-scattering equations as adjustable parameters. Thus the relative energy values of the three bands have been determined as a function of composition $x$, and values of such parameters as dielectric constant, deformation potentials, intervalley and interband coupling coefficients have been found. Different parameters dominate the results in different composition ranges, e.g., for $0<x<0.20$, the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ and $L$ bands have greatest effect, while for $0.7<x<1.0$ the $X$ band is of major importance. However, the requirement that the various parameters vary smoothly with $x$ has been used to extend the composition ranges for which the various parameters have been determined.
Biodegradation of Methyl<i>tert</i>-Butyl Ether by a Pure Bacterial Culture (2001)

Biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by the hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium Hydrogenophaga flava ENV735 was evaluated. ENV735 grew slowly on MTBE or tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) as sole sources of carbon and energy, but growth on these substrates was greatly enhanced by the addition of a small amount of yeast extract. The addition of H(2) did not enhance or diminish MTBE degradation by the strain, and MTBE was only poorly degraded or not degraded by type strains of Hydrogenophaga or hydrogen-oxidizing enrichment cultures, respectively. MTBE degradation activity was constitutively expressed in ENV735 and was not greatly affected by formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, allyl thiourea, or acetylene. MTBE degradation was inhibited by 1-amino benzotriazole and butadiene monoepoxide. TBA degradation was inducible by TBA and was inhibited by formaldehyde at concentrations of >0.24 mM and by acetylene but not by the other inhibitors tested. These results demonstrate that separate, independently regulated genes encode MTBE and TBA metabolism in ENV735.
Mitochondrial superoxide and aging: uncoupling-protein activity and superoxide production (2004)

Mitochondria are a major source of superoxide, formed by the one-electron reduction of oxygen during electron transport. Superoxide initiates oxidative damage to phospholipids, proteins and nucleic acids. This damage may be a major cause of degenerative disease and aging. In isolated mitochondria, superoxide production on the matrix side of the membrane is particularly high during reversed electron transport to complex I driven by oxidation of succinate or glycerol 3-phosphate. Reversed electron transport and superoxide production from complex I are very sensitive to proton motive force, and can be strongly decreased by mild uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Both matrix superoxide and the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal can activate uncoupling through endogenous UCPs (uncoupling proteins). We suggest that superoxide releases iron from aconitase, leading to a cascade of lipid peroxidation and the release of molecules such as hydroxy-nonenal that covalently modify and activate the proton conductance of UCPs and other proteins. A function of the UCPs may be to cause mild uncoupling in response to matrix superoxide and other oxidants, leading to lowered proton motive force and decreased superoxide production. This simple feedback loop would constitute a self-limiting cycle to protect against excessive superoxide production, leading to protection against aging, but at the cost of a small elevation of respiration and basal metabolic rate.
Non-concurrency analysis (1993)

Non-concurrency analysis is a set of techniques for statically identifying pairs (or sets) of statements in a concurrent program which can never happen together. This information aids programmers in debugging and manually optimizing programs, improves the precision of data flow analysis, enables optimized translation of rendezvous, facilitates dead code elimination and other automatic optimizations, and allows anomaly detection in explicitly parallel programs. We present a framework for non-concurrency analysis, capable of incorporating previous analysis algorithms [CS88, DS92] and improving upon them. We show general theoretical results which are useful in estimating non-concurrency, and examples of non-concurrency analysis frameworks for two synchronization primitives: the Ada rendezvous and binary semaphores. Both of these frameworks have a low-order polynomial bound on worst-case solution time. We provide experimental evidence that static non-concurrency analysis of Ada programs can be accomplished in a reasonable time, and is generally quite accurate. Our framework, and the set of refinement components we develop, also exhibits dramatic accuracy improvements over [DS91], when the latter is used as a stand-alone algorithm, as demonstrated by our experiments.
Efficacy of statin therapy: possible effect of phenytoin (1999)

Statins are currently the most widely prescribed lipid-lowering drugs. Individual statins are known to be metabolised by the CYP3A4 isoform of the cytochrome P450 system. The effect of CYP3A4 inducers such as phenytoin on the metabolism and efficacy of these agents is unknown. We report a patient with familial hypercholesterolaemia and epilepsy in whom the introduction and subsequent discontinuation of phenytoin were associated with marked changes in the lipid response to treatment with simvastatin and atorvastatin. The serum activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase may have acted as a marker of microsomal induction by phenytoin, since it rose markedly when phenytoin was introduced and returned to normal after it was discontinued.
Leveraging an Agile RF Transceiver for Rapid Prototyping of Small-Cell Systems (2015)

This paper describes a new software-defined radio (SDR) platform targeted for rapid prototyping of small-cell systems. The SDR hardware combines the signal processing power of Xilinx ML605 Virtex-6 FPGA board with the Nutaq Radio420X frequency-agile transceiver and reconfigurable antennas to form a highly versatile platform for spectrum sensing, spectrum access, and cooperative communications. We evaluate the platform with two example applications: an offline OFDM physical processing flow based on WARPLab, and a real-time online automatic gain control mechanism. The results show that our SDR platform can reliably handle both offline and online processing demands with the added benefit of frequency agility offered by a state-of-the-art radio transceiver.
Blockchain Beyond Bitcoin: Blockchain Technology Challenges and Real-World Applications (2018)

In the world of Internet of Things, social media, and cloud computing, blockchain is the latest addition to the technology. The swift development of blockchain and its respected applications has made it a force to be recognized. But the scope of blockchain is not limited to bitcoin or the cryptocurrencies implementation. This paper enlightens the stipulation of blockchain beyond the bitcoin. Furthermore, this paper reveals the insights of blockchain technology concepts, evolution, mechanisms and challenges based on literature review. This paper identified the complications or challenges in implementation of blockchain technology in real-world applications. Secure implementation of blockchain technology on small scale applications is the key problem that still need to be addressed. The proposed consensus mechanism would be useful for secure implementation of the blockchain on small-scale application or projects.
Freeze plug proves safe, economical in riser repair (1995)

In October 1992, Exxon Pipeline Co., Houston, performed in the Gulf of Mexico what the company believes to have been the first underwater freeze-plug procedure. To form a plug, water in a small section of the pipe is frozen with liquid nitrogen. In partially replacing a 10-in. riser at South Marsh Island Block 6A, Exxon Pipeline worked closely with a freeze-plug service company to minimize environmental and personnel exposure and to avoid the chance of an oil spill. The freeze plug reduced the time the pipe was open-ended during the repair, and hydrotesting the freeze plug area and repair section ensured integrity. This article discusses the options the company considered for this underwater repair, the onshore testing of the procedure prior to use under water, preparation of the underwater pipe for freezing, and the repair procedure which took about 40 hr from displacement through installation of the new riser. Exxon Pipeline considers use of the freeze plug in this application to have been successful and will consider it for future offshore work where a pipeline requires isolation for repairs. The company, however, does not endorse or recommend this method for use by others, believing that each company needs to determine whether the method is safe or appropriate under other circumstances.
Practical implementations of non-blocking synchronization primitives (1997)

This paper is concerned with system support for nonblocking synchronization in shared-memory multiprc esaors.
Trifluoromethylation of Tocopherols (1989)

Abstract γ- and δ-Tocopherol were converted to iodo compounds, which were trifluoromethylated with trifluoromethyl iodide and copper powder in HMPA.
Quaternary salts from 2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidines. Part I. Preparation and some reactions (1955)

R. G. W. Spickett and G. M. Timmis, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 4354 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550004354
Transduction of Cell Lines and Primary Cells by FIV-Packaged HIV Vectors (2004)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are capable of packaging viral RNA derived from heterologous as well as homologous lentiviruses, a phenomenon referred to as "cross packaging." To remove the possibility of seroconversion to HIV proteins, and to avoid potential problems arising due to targeting of vector or packaging construct by antiviral genes, we investigated the feasibility of using an FIV-based packaging system to deliver human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2)-based vectors bearing anti-HIV-1 RNA expression cassettes to target cells. In the absence of FIV rev, FIV was packaged by HIV-2 at only 3% the efficiency of FIV packaging by FIV, but this was increased to 39% of homologous controls by supplying FIV rev in trans. HIV-2 vectors were packaged by FIV at levels equal to or exceeding the homologous HIV-2 packaging system in the absence of HIV-1 tat and rev, and levels increased approximately four- to fivefold with the addition of tat and rev in trans. HIV-2 vectors bearing a polyribozyme cassette targeting multiple regions of HIV RNA were efficiently packaged by FIV and transferred to target cells. Upon challenge with cell-free HIV-1 (m.o.i. = 0.1) a significant reduction in replication was observed. These findings demonstrate that packaging HIV vectors with FIV is a viable alternative, which avoids use of HIV structural proteins.
Must It Always Be Risky Business (1998)

The serum concentrations of "pregnancy-associated" alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) were measured in 129 healthy women and 141 healthy men to establish a normal range, using a sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In the normal population 2.8% of men and 5.4% of women had low serum alpha 2-PAG concentrations. Low concentrations occur, however, much more commonly in patients, particularly male patients, with certain diseases, including dermatitis herpetiformis (three of 12 or 25%) and urticaria (two of five or 40%). One female patient with absolute deficiency was also identified. In view of the recently confirmed association of alpha 2-PAG with IgA and the fact that alpha 2-PAG seems to have immunosuppressive properties, it seems likely that deficiency of alpha 2-PAG could result in the subject becoming sensitised to various dietary antigens. Interestingly, none of the 24 patients with IgA deficiency showed concomitant deficiency of alpha 2-PAG.
Managing product development process for time market (2006)

In a business environment with intense competition, technology businesses launch new\nproducts to market rapidly. Marketing strategies and technological factors, which are\ndriven by business environments, continue to shorten product development from years\nto months. Product development must be executed with speed, thus managing for Timeto-\nMarket is therefore very important for the competitive success of such companies in\nthe marketplace.\nThis research aims to establish an effective and efficient product development process\nbased on a ‘Gateway Review’ framework to ensure best practices and compliance of\neach phase of a new product development, providing the Project Manager and team\nmembers with a systematic way to execute their product development projects for rapid\nTime-to-Market focus.
A comparative study of migration algorithms for UWB GPR images in SISO-SAR and MIMO-array configurations (2014)

In this paper, the emerging multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-array configuration, where the transmitters and the receivers are correlated, is introduced for ultra-wideband (UWB) ground penetrating radar (GPR) imaging and compared with conventional single-input single-output (SISO)-synthetic array radar (SAR) imaging configuration, where each pair of sensors works independently. Several migration algorithms are studied and compared for both UWB SISO-SAR GPR and UWB MIMO-Array GPR configurations. The comparison study is based on six sets of realistic simulation results and analysis.
Competition among juvenile Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) and steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>): relevance to invasion potential in British Columbia (2001)

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are routinely captured in both freshwater and marine environments of coastal British Columbia (Canada). Recent evidence suggests that this species is now naturally reproducing in Vancouver Island rivers. Our objective was to quantify the performance of each species in intra- and inter-specific competition by assessing the competitive ability of Atlantic salmon sympatric with native niche equivalent steelhead  rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Significant behavioural differences, particularly with respect to agonism, were observed between species; however, the status of an individual as resident or challenger was the best predictor of performance. Resident fish always outperformed challengers, regardless of species. Thus, we suggest that Atlantic salmon may be capable of colonizing and persisting in coastal British Columbia river systems that are underutilized by native species, such as the steelhead.
Co-production of silica from geothermal fluids (2005)

Abstract not provided
Acyclic Carotenoids (1996)

In previous Chapters, the strategy for building the carbon skeleton, methods for preparation of polyene synthons, and the most important coupling reactions have been discussed. In the present Chapter and in Chapter 3 Part III, the emphasis is on the synthesis of the end groups and on the construction of the carotenoid molecule. The field is not covered comprehensively and only the most important end groups and carotenoids are treated. Furthermore the reaction conditions are not given in detail. The synthesis of monocyclic carotenoids which contain both an acyclic and a cyclic end group is not treated as a separate topic. For the synthesis of these carotenoids the required end groups and other synthons are described in Chapter 3 Parts II, III and IV and the procedures for the synthesis must be adapted for a given carotenoid.KeywordsSodium MethoxidePhosphonium SaltWittig ReactionGrignard ReactionChromic AnhydrideThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Trialkoxycyclopropenylium Ions (1974)

Abstract For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.197407452
RADIATION LOSSES OF LOCAL COUPLING ELEMENTS OF OPEN RESONATORS (2012)

The results of experimental investigation of the radiation losses occurring at the open resonator (OR) excitation or energy output process with the help of a local coupling element (CE) are presented. Two previously suggested methods of measurements were modified and used for investigations. One of them is based on power measurements of square of field amplitudes in OR and coupling waveguides (the power balance method). The other method is based on the measurement of OR impedance when the resonator is represented by an equivalent circuit (the impedance method). The equivalent OR circuit taking into consideration direct radiation of CE into the free space and the radiation due to scattering of the resonant field upon CE was substantiated. Two most frequently used in mm-wave OR types of CE are investigated: the hole in the thin metal wall on the surface of the mirror which is connected to the rectangular waveguide and the narrow slot on the mirror surface which is smoothly transformed to rectangular waveguide. The reasons which decrease excitation efficiency and power output efficiency of open resonator have been found. Comparison of the characteristics of different coupling elements has been done. It has been shown that slot coupling elements are more effective generally, than hole coupling elements.
Towards Adaptive Beamforming in Indoor Wireless Networks: An Experimental Approach (2009)

Several research works have argued that adaptive beamforming has the potential to realize the high spectral efficiency requirements of next-generation wireless standards, and is especially well-suited for multipath-rich environments such as indoors. Most works have been limited to theory; few works in literature address the practical benefits and realizability of adaptive beamforming. In this paper, we design and implement the first indoor WLAN beamforming system with multi-element array antennas and software radio platforms, that forms a testbed for exploration of practical benefits of beamforming, and evaluation of algorithms for efficient beamforming in diverse environments. In the process of building the system, we identify and address several challenges with practical beamforming that are often ignored in theoretical works. Most importantly, channel estimation for forming the best beam to a user is hindered by oscillator drifts on the transmitter and receiver side that introduce hard-to-isolate phase and frequency offsets from the estimated channel coefficients. We describe these issues and incorporate novel solutions in our system to address them without requiring hardware modifications. We use the system to demonstrate the realizable benefits of adaptive beamforming in a typical indoor office environment.
Development objects and algorithms required to implement a new method of access control to physical resources, based on qualifications (2010)

This paperwork presents a distributed system to be used for implementing a new method for the access control to physical resources, along with the mode to implement various development objects required, and the algorithms used for encoding and decoding the access right. This access control method, described through the QBAC pattern, is going to be used by the employees of a company to access the inputs of any machines, based on the qualifications (abilities) they dispose of.
Rat Ornithine Decarboxylase Gene (1989)

Expression of ornithine decarboxylase is regulated by a variety of hormonal and other stimuli in rat cells and tissues. To study this phenomenon at the molecular level, we isolated and sequenced a cDNA-encoding rat ornithine decarboxylase and deduced its amino acid sequence. The cDNA clone was used to isolate a clone from a rat genomic library which contained the sequence of the entire rat ornithine decarboxylase gene. The gene comprised 12 exons and 11 introns and spanned 7.7 kilobases. Two polyadenylation signals (AATAAA) were located 310 and 697 base pairs 3' to the translational termination codon and were responsible for the occurrence of two hybridizing mRNA species in Northern blots of rat cells and tissues. S1 nuclease mapping suggested that there were multiple transcriptional start sites; the major one appeared to be located 2269 base pairs of genomic sequence 5' to the ATG translational initiation site, representing 274 bases of mRNA. Several potential regulatory elements were identified in the 5'-promoter regions or in the first intron: a TATA box, GC boxes, AP-1 and AP-2 binding sites, a cAMP-responsive element, a glucocorticoid regulatory element, and RNA polymerase III promoter sequences. The 5'-noncoding region of the mRNA was extremely rich in G + C; secondary structure predictions suggested that almost this entire region could form stable secondary structures, with an overall free energy of formation (delta G) of -114 kcal/mol. The potential regulatory elements identified in both the promoter region of the gene and the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA may be involved in the complex regulation of rat ornithine decarboxylase expression.
The Effect of Carbon Fibre Reinforcement on the Friction and Wear of Polymers (1968)

Thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers have been reinforced with carbon fibres of high strength and elastic modulus, and their friction and wear properties examined. During dry sliding against steel, randomly oriented chopped fibres reduce both the coefficients of friction and the wear rates of polymers to levels which are approximately independent of the matrix material. Fibre orientation is also important, and minimum wear is obtained when the fibres are normal to the sliding surface. Carbon fibre reinforced polymers are less abrasive than those containing glass, exhibit lower friction and have greater moduli of elasticity; the flexural strengths are also often greater, and particularly so with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). It is concluded that the carbon fibres reduce the friction and wear of polymers by preferentially supporting part of the applied load, and in addition by smoothing the surface of the steel counterface.
Psychophysical evidence for separate channels for the perception of form, color, movement, and depth (1987)

Physiological and anatomical findings in the primate visual system, as well as clinical evidence in humans, suggest that different components of visual information processing are segregated into largely independent parallel pathways. Such a segregation leads to certain predictions about human vision. In this paper we describe psychophysical experiments on the interactions of color, form, depth, and movement in human perception, and we attempt to correlate these aspects of visual perception with the different subdivisions of the visual system.