gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatically selecting answer templates to respond to customer emails (2007)

Contact center agents typically respond to email queries from customers by selecting predefined answer templates that relate to the questions present in the customer query. In this paper we present a technique to automatically select the answer templates corresponding to a customer query email. Given a set of query-response email pairs we find the associations between the actual questions and answers within them and use this information to map future questions to their answer templates. We evaluate the system on a small subset of the publicly available Pine-Info discussion list email archive and also on actual contact center data comprising customer queries, agent responses and templates. 1
Isolation and Chemistry of Aluminum Compounds Containing (<i>S</i>)-3,3‘-Bis(triphenylsilyl)-1,1‘-bi-2,2‘-naphthoxide Ligands (2003)

The reaction of the resolved, bulky binol (S)-3,3‘-bis(triphenylsilyl)-2,2‘-dihydroxy-1,1‘-binaphthyl, (S)-H2O2C20H10{SiPh3}2-3,3‘ (1), with a variety of alkyl and amide compounds has been investigated. Reaction of 1 with [Al2Me6] initially proceeds only in a 1:1 ratio to produce dinuclear [Al2(O2C20H10{SiPh3}2-3,3‘)(CH3)4], (S)-2. Compound 2 contains a [Al(μ-C)(μ-O)] core, Al−Al = 2.739(2) Å, with the binaphthoxide ligand oxygen atoms occupying terminal and bridging positions. In the presence of pyridine, 2 reacts further with 1 to produce [Al(O2C20H10{SiPh3}2-3,3‘)(CH3)(py)], (S)-4. The ethyl analogue of 4, [Al(O2C20H10{SiPh3}2-3,3‘)(CH3)(py)], (S)-5, was obtained from [Et2AlCl]. Both 4 and 5 were shown to adopt tetrahedral geometries in the solid state with O−Al−O angles of ∼107°. Reaction of [LiAl(NMe2)4] with 1 produced a dinuclear compound, [LiAl(O2C20H10{SiPh3}2-3,3‘)(NHMe2)(NMe2)2], (S)-6, containing a terminal and bridging amido group. The lithium-bound HNMe2 ligand could be substituted by pyridine to produce [LiAl(O2C20H10{SiPh3}2-3,3‘)(NC6H5)(NMe2)2], (S)-7. In the solid state the formally three-coordinated lithium atoms in 6 and 7 are pyramidalized. The sum of the three angles for the LiN2O core is 305° and 322° for 6 and 7, respectively. This is due to an interaction of the lithium with one arene ring of an SiPh3 group. In 6 the carbon atoms involved are an ipso- and ortho-carbon, while for 7 the ortho- and meta-carbon atoms of a Ph−Si ring are in close contact.
A threaded wobble motor with a 6-pole stator-a micro motor generating large linear displacement (2002)

This paper deals with the driving principle and the experimental demonstration of a micro motor which can convert rotation into linear motion and generate large displacement. The motor is a wobble type one; its rotor and stators have screw threads. When the rotor turns, it moves linearly in the axial direction like a screw. The range of linear motion is limited only by the length of the rotor. We have fabricated a threaded wobble motor by the electromagnetic actuation and operated it successfully.
BRAM implementation of a single-event upset sensor for adaptive single-event effect mitigation in reconfigurable FPGAs (2017)

In this paper, we study the performance of a Block RAM (BRAM)-based embedded radiation sensor for adaptive single-event effect mitigation in FPGAs. To achieve this, we designed custom BRAM wrappers to extend the Xilinx BRAM macros with scrubbing and error correction, for both free and used BRAMs (utilized by the user). A case study demonstrates that in a system with all 298 BRAMs (of the Virtex-5QV) in use for sensing, a system failure rate of λ = 0.05 a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> can be expected, for the BRAM sensor itself. The resource overhead of this single-event upset sensor is 4.9 % of the FPGA resources (maximum of lookup tables and flip-flops). We conclude that our single-event upset sensor is robust enough to measure radiation levels reliably in real time. Our work is part of the Fraunhofer On-Board Processor, which is part of a geostationary earth orbit communication satellite.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Precursor in Closed Vessel (2002)

We report here the synthesis of various alkylpyridinium and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halides on a large scale under microwave irradiation, in a closed vessel. The reaction time was drastically reduced as compared to conventional methods, and good yields were obtained.
Olfaction and the 5‐Year Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in an Epidemiological Study of Older Adults (2008)

Olfactory impairment at baseline was strongly associated with 5-year incidence of cognitive impairment as measured using the MMSE. Odor identification testing may be useful in high-risk settings, but not in the general population, to identify patients at risk for cognitive decline.
Structure-Function Relationship of Hydrophiidae Postsynaptic Neurotoxins (1990)

Lapemis toxin, from a Hydrophiidae sea snake venom (Lapemis hardwickii), binds tightly and specifically to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) inhibiting neumuscular transmission and results in muscular paralysis. In order to study the structure-function relationship of Lapemis toxin structural loop domains were synthesized. The domain peptide were found to be non-toxic at 8 mg/kg dosage (i.v., mice) or 114 times the known LD50 of Lapemis toxin. Binding studies with Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor and 125-I radiolabelled toxin and peptides indicated that Lapemis toxin and peptide Bl bound with equilibrium dissociation constants of 2 nM and 40 nM, respectively. The other peptides had no detectable binding. Chemical modification study of which of the three arginines, located in the central loop, are involved in the neurotoxin-AChR demonstrated that Arg-31 and Arg-34 residues are involved in toxin-AChR interaction. The central loop B with intact disulfide bond of the native lapemis toxin appears to play a dominate role in the toxin's binding ability to the receptor. Characterization of the 9 kD and the 13.5 kD proteins fractionated from Lapemis hardwickii venom have been identified from partial sequence data as parvalbumin and phospholipase A2, respectively.
The Effects of CoCl2 on HIF-1α Protein under Experimental Conditions of Autoprogressive Hypoxia Using Mouse Models (2014)

It is well known that cobalt chloride (CoCl2) can enhance the stability of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. The aim of this study is to detect the effect of CoCl2 on the hypoxia tolerance of mice which were repeatedly exposed to autoprogressive hypoxia. Balb/c mice were randomly divided into groups of chemical pretreatment and normal saline (NS), respectively injected with CoCl2 and NS 3 h before exposure to hypoxia for 0 run (H0), 1 run (H1), and 4 runs (H4). Western Blot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), extracellular recordings population spikes in area cornus ammonis I (CA 1) of mouse hippocampal slices and real-time were used in this study. Our results demonstrated that the tolerance of mice to hypoxia, the changes of HIF-1α protein level and HIF-1 DNA binding activity in mice hippocampus, the mRNA level of erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the disappearance time of population spikes of hippocampal slices were substantially different between the control group and the CoCl2 group. Over-induction of HIF-1α by pretreatment with CoCl2 before hypoxia did not increase the hypoxia tolerance.
First Ruthenium Organometallic Complex of Antibacterial Agent Ofloxacin. Crystal Structure and Interactions with DNA (2010)

An organometallic ruthenium complex of quinolone antibacterial agent ofloxacin, [(η(6)-p-cymene)RuCl(O,O-oflo)]·2.8H(2)O (1·2.8H(2)O), was isolated, and its crystal structure was determined. In this "piano-stool" complex, quinolone is bidentately coordinated to the metal through the ring carbonyl and one of the carboxylic oxygen atoms. Interactions of the title complex with DNA were studied by spectroscopic methods [electronic, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD)] and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was established that the electrostatic attraction between the ruthenium complex and DNA in a solution is important for binding because interactions were observed only in a solution with low ionic strengths. An induced-CD (ICD) signal was observed in a solution of DNA and the title complex, which proves interaction between ruthenium and macromolecules. Competitive binding between cisplatin and 1 to DNA revealed that cisplatin prevents binding of 1. Our experiments revealed that binding of the title complex to DNA occurs also if guanine N7 is protonated. AFM has shown that the title complex provokes DNA shrinkage. Preliminary biological tests have also been performed.
Can the Common Vulnerability Scoring System be Trusted? A Bayesian Analysis (2016)

The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is the state-of-the art system for assessing software vulnerabilities. However, it has been criticized for lack of validity and practitioner relevance. In this paper, the credibility of the CVSS scoring data found in five leading databases-NVD, X-Force, OSVDB, CERT-VN, and Cisco-is assessed. A Bayesian method is used to infer the most probable true values underlying the imperfect assessments of the databases, thus circumventing the problem that ground truth is not known. It is concluded that with the exception of a few dimensions, the CVSS is quite trustworthy. The databases are relatively consistent, but some are better than others. The expected accuracy of each database for a given dimension can be found by marginalizing confusion matrices. By this measure, NVD is the best and OSVDB is the worst of the assessed databases.
Policy by analogy: precautionary principle, science and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (2005)

Through the acquisition of scientific data, knowledge is gained about the environmental fate and human exposure of chemical substances. From this knowledge, the risk of using chemicals can be assessed. As a means of facilitating the regulatory process, risk assessments can also compare the substance under investigation to other substances that display similar behaviour or structure, especially when the risk assessment involves a substance for which few data exist. For instance, similarities can be drawn between a number of poorly studied chemical substances and those that are currently listed as chemicals of concern. We suggest that policy can be guided, in part, by analogy. By taking advantage of knowledge obtained for the PCBs in the past, we can better implement precautionary measures with respect to similar substances, such as the PBDEs, and do so more quickly and appropriately.
Preceramic core-shell particles for the preparation of hybrid colloidal crystal films by melt-shear organization and conversion into porous ceramics (2018)

In this work, the preparation of porous hybrid particle-based films by core-shell particle design and convenient film preparation is reported. Monodisperse core particles consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate‑co‑allyl methacrylate) (P(MMA‑co‑ALMA)) were synthesized by starved-feed emulsion polymerization followed by the introduction of an initiator-containing monomer (inimer) for subsequent atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The inimer shell allowed for the introduction of allylhydrido polycarbosilane (SMP-10) under ATRP conditions by grafting to the core particles. The functionalization of the prepared core-shell particles was investigated by IR spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and solid-state NMR combined with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The obtained hard core/soft preceramic shell particles were subjected to the melt-shear organization technique, enabling a convenient alignment into a colloidal crystal structure in one single step without the presence of a dispersion medium or solvent for the designed particles. Moreover, the hybrid particle-based films were converted into a porous ceramic structure upon thermal treatment. As a result, freestanding ceramic porous films have been obtained after degradation of the organic template core particles. Noteworthy, the conversion of the matrix material consisting of SMP-10 into the ceramic occurred with preservation of the pristine colloidal crystal template structure. Herein, the first example of core-shell particle preparation by combining different polymerization methodologies and application of the convenient melt-shear organization technique is shown, paving a new way to ceramic materials with tailored morphology and porosity.
Classification, Epidemiology And Aetiology Of Oral Recurrent Aphtous Ulceration / Stomatitis (1999)

The most prevalent oral mucosal lesions are aphthous ulcerations commonly referred to as canker sores. The clinical characteristic of oral recurrent aphthous ulceration/stomatitis(ORAS) is well defined and can be partly described as an oval or rounded ulcer covered by a grey-white or yellowish fibrinous exudate and surrounded by an erythematous halo. There is intense or moderate pain and the ulcers heal in about 10 - 14 days for the more common type and more than 2 weeks for the severe type. Recurrence of the ulcers occurs at intervals within a year or over several years. Variations of ORAS described above have made studies on aetiology and treatment difficult to interpret due to differing descriptions of differing diseases with similar clinical signs and symptoms and possibly differing aetiologies. A classification that was considered useful as a working model for ORAS was formulated in 1978. While the classification of ORAS had been widely accepted since 1978, the cause for ORAS is still unknown and its aetiology in general remains unclear. However, its immunopathogenesis is now becoming more clearly defined.
Solubility and Transdermal Permeation Properties of a Dehydroepiandrosterone Cyclodextrin Complex from Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Vehicles (2005)

The permeation ability of a compound is due principally to its concentration in the vehicle and to its aptitude to cross the stratum corneum of the skin. In this work ex-vivo permeation studies on newly developed formulations containing dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were carried out to investigate vehicles that increase drug permeation through the skin. To enhance the solubility of DHEA, its complex form with alpha-cyclodextrin was used. In addition, the two forms (pure drug and complex form) were introduced in hydrophilic (water), lipophilic (paraffin oil), and microemulsion vehicles to evaluate the synergic effect of cyclodextrins and microemulsion vehicles on solubility and permeation. From the results, DHEA solubility is notably conditioned by the type of the vehicle used: the highest solubilities (both for pure and complex drug forms) were obtained with microemulsion, followed by paraffin oil and water. Moreover, in all the studied vehicles, the c-DHEA was more soluble than DHEA. Permeation profile fluxes showed very interesting differences. That reflect the varying drug forms (pure drug and complex form), vehicles used, and drug concentrations in the vehicles. The major flux was obtained in complex of DHEA with alpha-cyclodextrins in the microemulsion vehicle. Therefore, this type of vehicle and drug form would be very useful in the development of a topical formulation containing DHEA.
Inactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus with Methylene Blue, Light and Electricity (1979)

SummaryA modification of photodynamic inactivation for herpes simplex viruses has been developed. Low concentrations of methylene blue, when electrically reduced in the presence of HSV, and irradiated with visible light, result in an efficient loss of plaque-forming ability. The antiviral effect is dependent upon the amount of electricity applied and the concentration of dye. Superoxide anion is an important intermediate since the photodynamic inactivation is partially inhibited by superoxide dismutase.
Covalent binding of polyethylene glycol to the surface of red blood cells as detected and followed up by cell electrophoresis and rheological methods (2000)

Cyanuric chloride activated polyethylene glycol (PEG)-5000 was covalently coupled to murine and human red blood cells (pegylated RBC). Our purpose was to camouflage RBC receptors, which is necessary for parasite invasion, a process essential to sustain parasitemia. Cell electrophoretic mobility analysis (CEM) of pegylated RBC distinguished a new population of cells bearing characteristic CEM. Pegylation of RBC also modified their rheological properties, which were documented by evaluation of cell deformability (based on cell transit time through calibrated micropores) and cell aggregation (as measured by ultrasonic interferometry). Homologous transfusion of pegylated RBC into murine malaria-infected mice had no significant effect on the cerebral malaria death rate in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, but it reduced the peripheral blood parasitemia by a factor 2 while in Plasmodium yoelii infected mice, the parasitemia was dramatically reduced by a factor of 4. These experiments demonstrate that transfusion of pegylated RBC may inhibit peripheral parasitemia. Cell electrophoresis appears to be a useful tool to allow in vivo detection and to investigate the fate of transfused pegylated RBC.
Accumulation of Phosphatidic Acid Increases Vancomycin Resistance in Escherichia coli (2014)

ABSTRACT In Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributes to the robust permeability barrier of the outer membrane, preventing entry of toxic molecules such as antibiotics. Mutations in lptD , the beta-barrel component of the LPS transport and assembly machinery, compromise LPS assembly and result in increased antibiotic sensitivity. Here, we report rare vancomycin-resistant suppressors that improve barrier function of a subset of lptD mutations. We find that all seven suppressors analyzed mapped to the essential gene cdsA , which is responsible for the conversion of phosphatidic acid to CDP-diacylglycerol in phospholipid biosynthesis. These cdsA mutations cause a partial loss of function and, as expected, accumulate phosphatidic acid. We show that this suppression is not confined to mutations that cause defects in outer membrane biogenesis but rather that these cdsA mutations confer a general increase in vancomycin resistance, even in a wild-type cell. We use genetics and quadrupole time of flight (Q-TOF) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to show that accumulation of phosphatidic acid by means other than cdsA mutations also increases resistance to vancomycin. We suggest that increased levels of phosphatidic acid change the physical properties of the outer membrane to impede entry of vancomycin into the periplasm, hindering access to its target, an intermediate required for the synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall.
Novel vaginal danazol ring therapy for pelvic endometriosis, in particular deeply infiltrating endometriosis (1998)

Danazol is routinely administered orally to inhibit ovulation and to treat pelvic endometriosis. However, recent evidence suggests that danazol can act directly on endometriotic tissue in vitro to inhibit DNA synthesis and induce apoptosis. Danazol was administered via the vagina in this study, using a vaginal ring drug delivery system containing 1500 mg of danazol. This therapy was effective for treatment of pelvic endometriosis, especially for deeply infiltrating endometriosis, resulting in a cure of dysmenorrhoea and tenderness in the cul-de-sac within 3 months, and of induration or nodularity in the cul-de-sac within 7 months. Moreover, conception was possible during insertion of the vaginal ring in 17 out of 31 infertile women with deeply infiltrating endometriosis, and in two out of eight infertile women with ovarian endometriotic cysts not adhering to the cul-de-sac and without deeply infiltrating endometriosis. Serum danazol concentrations, high during oral daily 400 mg danazol therapy, but undetectable during vaginal danazol ring therapy, explain why ovulation and conception could occur during insertion of the vaginal danazol ring, and why general side-effects, which are often observed during oral danazol therapy, were not observed during vaginal danazol ring therapy. Danazol seems to be absorbed through the vaginal mucosa and reaches the deeply infiltrating endometriosis via diffusion.
Die Lepidopteren-Fauna der Regensburger Umgegend mit Kelheim und Wörth (1888)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Progesterone induces apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma cells. (2002)

Progesterone has been used in the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic progesterone receptor-positive endometrial carcinoma and breast cancer. In vitro study using a breast cancer cell line, T47D, demonstrated an increase in p53 gene expression and induction of apoptosis by the administration of progesterone. Therefore, we investigated the effect of progesterone administration on the proliferation and apoptosis in a mesothelioma cell line, 211H. The expression of the progesterone receptor gene was detected in this cell line by a nested RT-PCR method. The proliferation of the cell line was suppressed after a 10-day incubation with 30 microM progesterone. In progesterone-treated 211H cells, apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assay and nuclear DNA fragmentation analysis. These results clearly demonstrated that progesterone administration suppressed the cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma cells.
Example-Based Logical Labeling of Document Title Page Images (2007)

This paper presents a flexible and effective example- based approach for labeling title pages which can be used for automated extraction of bibliographic data. The labels of interest are "title", "author", "abstract" and "affiliation". The method takes a set of labeled document layouts and a single unlabeled document layout as input and finds the best matching layout in the set. The labels of this layout are used to label the new layout. The similarity measure for layouts combines structural layout similarity and textural similarity on the block-level. Experimental results yield accuracy rates from 94.8% to 99.6% obtained on the publicly available MARG dataset. This shows that our lightweight method has equivalent and partially better performance when compared to other more complex labeling methods known from the literature.
Reverse genetic system, genetically stable reporter viruses and packaged subgenomic replicon based on a Brazilian Zika virus isolate (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV, genus Flavivirus) has emerged as a major mosquito-transmitted human pathogen, with recent outbreaks associated with an increased incidence of neurological complications, particularly microcephaly and the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Because the virus has only very recently emerged as an important pathogen, research is being hampered by a lack of reliable molecular tools. Here we report an infectious cDNA (icDNA) clone for ZIKV isolate BeH819015 from Brazil, which was selected as representative of South American ZIKV isolated at early stages of the outbreak. icDNA clones were assembled from synthetic DNA fragments corresponding to the consensus sequence of the BeH819015 isolate. Virus rescued from the icDNA clone had properties identical to a natural ZIKV isolate from South America. Variants of the clone-derived virus, expressing nanoluciferase, enhanced green fluorescent or mCherry marker proteins in both mammalian and insect cells and being genetically stable for multiple in vitro passages, were obtained. A ZIKV subgenomic replicon, lacking a prM- and E glycoprotein encoding region and expressing a Gaussia luciferase marker, was constructed and shown to replicate both in mammalian and insect cells. In the presence of the Semliki Forest virus replicon, expressing ZIKV structural proteins, the ZIKV replicon was packaged into virus-replicon particles. Efficient reverse genetic systems, genetically stable marker viruses and packaged replicons offer significant improvements for biological studies of ZIKV infection and disease, as well as for the development of antiviral approaches.