gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microscale Zeta Potential Evaluation Using Streaming Current Measurements (2001)

We present a method for determination of zeta potential in capillaries and microscale devices. The use of streaming current measurements under pressure eliminates the need for high voltage measurements while providing a relatively simple means of approximating the zeta potential. This technique finds application in evaluation of coatings as well as materials for separations media and electrokinetic pumping. We will discuss the theory, in which sample porosity and tortuosity information are not required, and we will present zeta potentials of some organic and inorganic media.
Determination of Fracture Energy of High Strength Double Network Hydrogels (2005)

The fracture energy G of double network (DN) gels, consisting of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) as the first network and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) as the second network, was measured by the tearing test as a function of the crack velocity V. The following results were obtained: (i) The fracture energy G ranges from 10(2) to approximately 10(3) J/m2, which is 100-1000 times larger than that of normal PAAm gels (10(0) J/m2) or PAMPS gels (10(-1) J/m2) with similar polymer concentrations to the DN gels. (ii) G shows weak dependence on the crack velocity V. (iii) G at a given value of V increases with decreasing of cross-linking density of the 2nd network. The measured values of G were compared with three theories that describe different mechanisms enhancing the fracture energy of soft polymeric systems. A mechanism relating to a heterogeneous structure of the DN gel is convincing for the remarkable large values of G.
Microarchitecture of a High-Radix Router (2005)

Evolving semiconductor and circuit technology has greatly increased the pin bandwidth available to a router chip. In the early 90s, routers were limited to 10Gb/s of pin bandwidth. Today 1Tb/s is feasible, and we expect 20Tb/s of I/O bandwidth by 2010. A high-radix router that provides many narrow ports is more effective in converting pin bandwidth to reduced latency and reduced cost than the alternative of building a router with a few wide ports. However, increasing the radix (or degree) of a router raises several challenges as internal switches and allocators scale as the square of the radix. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing and evaluating alternative microarchitectures for high radix routers. We show that the use of a hierarchical switch organization with per-virtual-channel buffers in each subswitch enables an area savings of 40% compared to a fully buffered crossbar and a throughput increase of 20-60% compared to a conventional crossbar implementation.
Performance Measures and MHT for Tracking Move-Stop-Move Targets with MTI Sensors (2011)

We consider the problem of tracking ground-based vehicles with moving target indicator (MTI) sensors. MTI sensors can only detect a target if the magnitude of the range-rate exceeds the minimum detectable velocity, and as a result targets typically exhibit evasive move-stop-move (MSM) behavior in order to avoid detection. Further complexity is added by the fact that the environment is cluttered, resulting in both missed detections and spurious false measurements. A key problem is then to distinguish between a missed detection of a moving target and a lack of a detection due to the target stopping (or moving at low velocity). In this paper, we provide a novel framework for calculating performance measures (which are not necessarily bounds) for this problem. Our approach unifies state-of-the-art posterior Cramér-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) approaches for dealing with manoeuvring targets (namely, the best-fitting Gaussian approach) and cluttered environments (the measurement sequence conditioning approach). Our approach is also able to exploit the correlation between the number of measurements at each sampling time and the target motion model. Furthermore, we are able to show that established PCRLB methodologies are special cases of this unifying approach. We therefore provide a general technique for calculating performance bounds/measures for target tracking that can be applied to a broad range of problems. We also introduce a multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT) implementation for this problem. In simulations, the MHT is shown to accurately track the target, and provided that the probability of detection is close to unity, the new performance measure is an extremely accurate predictor of the localization performance of the MHT. If the probability of detection is lower, and except when employing a short scanback, the MHT performance is significantly better than the measure. In such cases the true limit of performance is the measure calculated by assuming the correct motion model, and data association hypotheses are known. The MHT filter is also shown to maintain track of the target in a high percentage of simulations, even with a scanback of just a few time steps. Therefore if track maintenance is the most important requirement, the employment of long scanbacks is not essential. We conclude that our PCRLB-like measure and MHT implementation provide effective approaches for performance prediction and target tracking, respectively, in the challenging MTI domain.
Protein-Protein Interaction and Enzymatic Activity (1971)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
“The centre, it's for children.” Seeking children's views as users of a family centre (1995)

Abstract This paper describes an exercise in obtaining feedback from some child users of a Family Centre by employing an outside researcher to elicit their views on the role of the Centre and its relevance to them. It outlines the techniques used and their theoretical underpinnings. The children's comments suggested that these children had a considerable understanding of the role of the Centre in meeting their individual needs and valued the services they received. The exercise is reported in some detail because, despite recent increased emphasis on the importance of listening to children, published accounts of such an evaluative process are scarce.
Longitudinal Depolarization Gradients Along the Somatodendritic Axis of CA1 Pyramidal Cells: A Novel Feature of Spreading Depression (2005)

We studied the subcellular correlates of spreading depression (SD) in the CA1 rat hippocampus by combining intrasomatic and intradendritic recordings of pyramidal cells with extracellular DC and evoked field and unitary activity. The results demonstrate that during SD only specific parts of the dendritic membranes are deeply depolarized and electrically shunted. Somatic impalements yielded near-zero membrane potential (V(m)) and maximum decrease of input resistance (R(in)) whether the accompanying extracellular negative potential (V(o)) moved along the basal, the apical or both dendritic arbors. However, apical intradendritic recordings showed a different course of local V(m) that is hardly detected from the soma. A decreasing depolarization gradient was observed from the edge of SD-affected fully depolarized subcellular regions toward distal dendrites. Within apical dendrites, the depolarizing front moved toward and stopped at proximal dendrites during the time course of SD so that distal dendrites had repolarized in part or in full by the end of the wave. The drop of local R(in) was initially maximal at any somatodendritic loci and also recovered partially before the end of SD. This recovery was stronger and faster in far dendrites and is best explained by a wave-like somatopetal closure of membrane conductances. Cell subregions far from SD-affected membranes remain electrically excitable and show evoked unitary and field activity. We propose that neuronal depolarization during SD is caused by current flow through extended but discrete patches of shunted membranes driven by uneven longitudinal depolarization.
A prospective study regarding the complications of transcatheter intraarterial lipiodol chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2002)

The results of the current study identified factors that appeared to predispose patients to irreversible hepatic decompensation after TACE. Despite the high percentage of patients who developed hepatic decompensation after TACE, irreversible damage occurred in only a minority.
Designing a cost-effective and reliable pipeline leak-detection system (1997)

ATMOS PIPE is a statistical pipeline leak detection system, incorporating advanced pattern recognition functions. Real time applications and field tests show that it is cost effective and has a very low false alarm rate. Leaks with sizes from 0.5% to 55% were detected on liquid propylene, ethylene gas, natural gas, and natural gas liquid (NGL) pipelines. In this paper, the performance of the system is reported after the comparison of different leak-detection methods.
Comparison of Somatotropin and Growth Hormone-Releasing, Factor on Milk Yield, Serum Hormones, and Energy Status (1991)

Holstein cows received 12 mg/d of growth hormone-releasing factor (continuous i.v. infusion, n = 5), 14 mg/d of bST (single daily i.m. injection, n = 8), or no treatment (controls, n = 8) for 60 d. Compared with controls (31.6 kg/d), bST and growth hormone-releasing factor increased milk yield to 34.2 and 37.0 kg/d, respectively. The increase in milk yield induced by the growth hormone-releasing factor was greater than that for bST. Milk yield was not different among groups following cessation of treatment. Milk energy output was 24.2 Mcal/d in controls, and growth hormone-releasing factor increased milk energy output to 28.5 Mcal/d. Milk energy output of cows receiving bST was 26.1 Mcal/d. Growth hormone-releasing factor increased DMI (23.2 kg/d) over that of controls (21.1 kg/d), whereas bST (21.5 kg/d) did not. Relative to controls, bST increased averaged daily serum somatotropin from 1.3 to 7.6 ng/ml and insulin-like growth factor-I from 67.5 to 116.0 ng/ml. Relative to bST, growth hormone-releasing factor increased serum somatotropin to 16.3 ng/ml and insulin-like growth factor-I to 202.6 ng/ml. Relative to control (115.8 meq/dl) and bST (158.1 meq/dl), growth hormone-releasing factor increased plasma NEFA (230.3 meq/dl). During treatment, calculated energy balance was negative for cows receiving growth hormone-releasing factor but positive for bST and control cows. Milk composition, body condition score, BW, and apparent digestibility of DM were not different among treatments. We conclude that i.v. infusion of 12 mg/d mg of growth hormone-releasing factor has greater galactopoietic activity than i.m. injections of 14 mg/d of bST.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hyperglycemia-Induced Inhibition of DJ-1 Expression Compromised the Effectiveness of Ischemic Postconditioning Cardioprotection in Rats (2013)

Ischemia postconditioning (IpostC) is an effective way to alleviate ischemia and reperfusion injury; however, the protective effects seem to be impaired in candidates with diabetes mellitus. To gain deep insight into this phenomenon, we explored the role of DJ-1, a novel oncogene, that may exhibit powerful antioxidant capacity in postconditioning cardioprotection in a rat model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Compared with normal group, cardiac DJ-1 was downregulated in diabetes. Larger postischemic infarct size as well as exaggeration of oxidative stress was observed, while IpostC reversed the above changes in normal but not in diabetic rats. DJ-1 was increased after ischemia and postconditioning contributed to a further elevation; however, no alteration of DJ-1 was documented in all subgroups of diabetic rats. Alteration of the cardioprotective PI3K/Akt signaling proteins may be responsible for the ineffectiveness of postconditioning in diabetes. There is a positive correlation relationship between p-Akt and DJ-1 but a negative correlation between infarct size and DJ-1, which may partially explain the interaction of DJ-1 and IpostC cardioprotection. Our result indicates a beneficial role of DJ-1 in myocardial ischemia reperfusion. Downregulation of cardiac DJ-1 may be responsible for the compromised diabetic heart responsiveness to IpostC cardioprotection.
GRAVI: Robotized Microfluidics for Fast and Automated Immunoassays in Low Volume (2008)

GRAVI, presented here in its automated version, is a new bench-top sized immunoassay platform combining the advantages of microfluidics with those of simplified robotics. Characterized by dramatically reduced time to result (< 10 min) and significantly decreased sample/reagent consumption, the cost-efficient biosensor instrumentation allows performing multimenu analysis with minimal laboratory infrastructure. Coupled to a robotic liquid handler, the system dispenses samples and reagents from conventional plates or tubes into microchannels of a microchip (GRAVI- Chip), in which assays are processed and results readout. As in conventional 96-well microtiter plates, the microchannels have a standard spacing of 9 mm to facilitate automation. With solely gravity and capillary force-driven fluidics within the microchannels, liquids are free to flow while magnetic beads, functionalized with the antibody of choice, are trapped nearby incorporated electrodes by virtue of a magnet array. Following assay performance and electrochemical signal detection in the parallel microchannels, chips are regenerated by magnet release and rinsing of beads out from the microchannels. Applicability of the presented immunoassay platform, delivering 100 results per hour, is exemplified here with results from the validation of an immunoglobulin assay for antibody quantification in mammalian cell cultures. Adapted to run on the GRAVI platform, this competitive assay covers a dynamic range of two orders of magnitude.
Fast and Scalable Quantum Information Processing with Two‐Electron Atoms in Optical Tweezer Arrays (2019)

Abstract Atomic systems, ranging from trapped ions to ultracold and Rydberg atoms, offer unprecedented control over both internal and external degrees of freedom at the single‐particle level. They are considered among the foremost candidates for realizing quantum simulation and computation platforms that can outperform classical computers at specific tasks. In this work, a realistic experimental toolbox for quantum information processing with neutral alkaline‐earth‐like atoms in optical tweezer arrays is described. In particular, a comprehensive and scalable architecture based on a programmable array of alkaline‐earth‐like atoms is proposed, exploiting their electronic clock states as a precise and robust auxiliary degree of freedom, and thus allowing for efficient all‐optical one‐ and two‐qubit operations between nuclear spin qubits. The proposed platform promises excellent performance thanks to high‐fidelity register initialization, rapid spin‐exchange gates, and error detection in read‐out. As a benchmark and application example, the expected fidelity of an increasing number of subsequent SWAP gates for optimal parameters is computed, which can be used to distribute entanglement between remote atoms within the array.
Development of partial discharge monitoring technique using a neural network in a gas insulated substation (2002)

A study was carried out to detect partial discharge signals generated in a gas insulated substation (GIS) subjected to an insulation spacer method (internal electrode method), and to determine whether or not partial discharges were generated and then locate them with a pattern recognition method using a neural network (NN). This paper describes the results, while also explaining the equivalence between simulation pulse injection and partial discharges as well as the determination using the NN mentioned above and then presenting applications using field data.
On the existence of a spectrum of policies that subsumes the least recently used (LRU) and least frequently used (LFU) policies (1999)

article Free Access Share on On the existence of a spectrum of policies that subsumes the least recently used (LRU) and least frequently used (LFU) policies Authors: Donghee Lee Dept. of Information Engineering, Cheju National University, Korea and Department of Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Dept. of Information Engineering, Cheju National University, Korea and Department of Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, KoreaView Profile , Jongmoo Choi Department of Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Department of Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, KoreaView Profile , Jong-Hun Kim Department of Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Department of Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, KoreaView Profile , Sam H. Noh View Profile , Sang Lyul Min View Profile , Yookun Cho View Profile , Chong Sang Kim View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation ReviewVolume 27Issue 1June 1999 pp 134–143https://doi.org/10.1145/301464.301487Online:01 May 1999Publication History 187citation1,372DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations187Total Downloads1,372Last 12 Months137Last 6 weeks32 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
New serum markers for small-cell lung cancer. II. The neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM. (1994)

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was recently suggested as a marker for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of the NCAM in 78% of SCLC patients and in 25% of patients with other cancer forms. NCAM was proposed to be the most sensitive marker for SCLC, and it may also be an important prognostic marker for SCLC. We used a competitive ELISA to analyze the concentrations of NCAM in sera from 96 SCLC patients, 16 patients with non-SCLC, 4 patients with other cancer forms, and 16 healthy controls. All sera were collected at the time of diagnosis, before the patients received chemotherapy. The polyclonal antibody used in the assay recognized all three isoforms of NCAM. The concentration of NCAM was related to clinical parameters of the patients such as age, sex, blood group status, stage of disease, organ site involvement of metastases, survival, and expression of the ganglioside fucosyl-GM1 (FucGM1). Sera were considered positive if NCAM concentrations were higher than the mean concentration of healthy controls plus two standard deviations. Twenty-two percent of the sera from SCLC patients were positive for NCAM. No difference in concentration was found between SCLC patients with localized and extensive disease. Serum from one patient with cancer of the thyroid, but no sera from non-SCLC patients or normal healthy controls, was positive. The expression of NCAM did not correlate to any of the clinical parameters, and no correlation was found to the other serum marker, FucGM1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertrophy is not a prerequisite for type X collagen expression or mineralization of chondrocytes derived from cultured chick mandibular ectomesenchyme (1994)

Meckel's cartilage in the avian mandible is a neural crest-derived permanent cartilage. To investigate whether chondrocytes that form Meckel's cartilage can be induced to undergo maturation and mineralization by manipulating the environment, we used in vitro micromass culture in which young embryonic mandibular ectomesenchymal cells were maintained at a high cell density (2 x 10(7) cells/ml) and treated with ascorbic acid (AA) or with dexamethasone and ascorbic acid (DEX + AA). Chondrogenesis and chondrocyte maturation were analyzed by histological, immunohistochemical and SDS/PAGE techniques. Chick mandibular ectomesenchymal cells from Hamburger and Hamilton (J. Morphol. 88:49-92, 1951) stage 21 (HH stage 21) chick embryos undergo chondrogenesis forming cartilage nodules when maintained under micromass culture conditions. These chondrocytes undergo maturation in response to AA but not DEX. Addition of AA to culture medium induced type X collagen expression by these chondrocytes. With prolonged culture, chondrocytes began to mineralize turning cartilage nodules into completely mineralized structures. There was no correlation between chondrocyte size and type X collagen expression. Small chondrocytes as well as large (hypertrophic) chondrocytes expressed type X collagen and then underwent mineralization. Co-treatment of cultures with DEX + AA caused reduction of chondrogenesis and inhibited chondrocyte maturation and mineralization seen with AA alone.
Low temperature<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide-assisted synthesis and characterization of anatase–rutile biphasic nanostructured titania (2009)

Anatase and rutile biphasic nanostructured titania (TiO(2)) has been synthesized via hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide in an aqueous solution of hydrobromic acid (HBr) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 80 degrees C for 16 h. The presence of DMF, which was partially hydrolyzed during the process, determined the formation of a biphasic material. Powder x-ray diffraction showed the presence of both anatase and rutile titania phases in a ratio of approx. 1:1. Transmission electron microscope analysis showed that rutile was present as radial flower-like nanorods, which were surrounded by anatase spherical nanoparticles of 5 nm diameter. Low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis showed the characteristic hysteresis loop of a mesoporous material. Specific surface area reached a value of 120 m(2) g(-1) and the average pore diameter was 50 A. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis revealed that interstitial nitrogen was incorporated (0.35 at.%) during the annealing process. According to ultraviolet (UV)-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscope characterization, the N-doping caused a bandgap reduction from 3.0 to 2.9 eV. Photocatalytic activity of the material was tested for the degradation of methylene blue, methyl orange and 4-nitrophenol under near-UV and visible light radiation.
Insertion Mutagenesis as a Tool in the Modification of Protein Function (1997)

The TEM-1 beta-lactamase enzyme efficiently hydrolyzes beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin but cleaves third generation cephalosporin antibiotics poorly. Variant beta-lactamases that conferred elevated levels of resistance to the cephalosporin ceftazidime were identified in a set of beta-lactamase derivatives previously generated by pentapeptide scanning mutagenesis in which a variable 5-amino acid cassette was introduced randomly in the target protein. This mutagenesis procedure was also modified to allow the direct selection of variant beta-lactamases with pentapeptide insertions that conferred extended substrate specificities. All insertions associated with enhanced resistance to ceftazidime were targetted to the 19-amino acid Omega-loop region, which forms part of the catalytic pocket of the beta-lactamase enzyme. However, pentapeptide insertions in the C- and N-terminal halves of this region had different effects on the ability of the enzyme to hydrolyze ampicillin in vivo. Larger insertions that increased the length of the Omega-loop by up to 2-fold also retained catalytic activity toward ampicillin and/or ceftazidime in vivo. In accord with previous substitution mutation studies, these results emphasize the extreme flexibility of the Omega-loop with regards the primary structure requirements for ceftazidime hydrolysis by beta-lactamase. The potential of pentapeptide scanning mutagenesis in mimicking evolution events that result from the insertion and excision of transposons in nature is discussed.