gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interconnect scaling: signal integrity and performance in future high-speed CMOS designs (2002)

The impact of new interconnect materials and various circuit design techniques on both performance and signal integrity in future high-speed CMOS is investigated. Specifically, this work examines the use of copper, low-k dielectrics, repeaters, driver sizing and novel design techniques with respect to crosstalk and delay in the 0.25 to 0.07 /spl mu/m generations. We show crosstalk to be very important in scaled ULSI interconnects and steps such as reduced aspect ratios and asymmetric pitches should be used to ensure signal integrity.
PRIVACY IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY (2009)

Social networks provide unprecedented opportunity for individuals and organizations to share information. At the same time they present significant challenges to privacy that left unaddressed will stifle information sharing and innovation. In this paper we analyse four different prototypical existing social networks, and identify key problems that arise for a privacy-by-design approach to the development of a new breed of social networks.
Foams on the Cutting Edge (1999)

This article focuses on how manufacturers have pushed the limits of plastic, glass, and other materials by turning them into sturdy foams. Materials created by mixing a solid with minute spheres of glass ceramic, or polymer are finding an increasing range of uses in industrial and high-tech applications. Microspheres, both solid and hollow, have wide commercial uses. Polymer microspheres appear in the medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries, for applications ranging from blood circulation tracers in research, to time-release capsules in medicines, to facial oil absorbers in makeup. At Northeastern University in Boston, Teiichi Ando is producing metallic microspheres to investigate various metallurgical phenomena. When the spheres are subjected to extremely high cooling rates, they can form as metallic glasses, supercooled metals that have not crystallized. The resulting spheres are free of grain boundaries and other flaws. Syntactic foam ingots of various alloys have been produced using moderate pressure infiltration of silica-alumina spheres.
Dynein is the motor for retrograde axonal transport of organelles. (1989)

Vesicular organelles in axons of nerve cells are transported along microtubules either toward their plus ends (fast anterograde transport) or toward their minus ends (retrograde transport). Two microtubule-based motors were previously identified by examining plastic beads induced to move along microtubules by cytosol fractions from the squid giant axon: (i) an anterograde motor, kinesin, and (ii) a retrograde motor, which is characterized here. The retrograde motor, a cytosolic protein previously termed HMW1, was purified from optic lobes and extruded axoplasm by nucleotide-dependent microtubule affinity and release; microtubule gliding was used as the assay of motor activity. The following properties of the retrograde motor suggest that it is cytoplasmic dynein: (i) sedimentation at 20-22 S with a heavy chain of Mr greater than 200,000 that coelectrophoreses with the alpha and beta subunits of axonemal dynein, (ii) cleavage by UV irradiation in the presence of ATP and vanadate, and (iii) a molecular structure resembling two-headed dynein from axonemes. Furthermore, bead movement toward the minus end of microtubules was blocked when axoplasmic supernatants were treated with UV/vanadate. Treatment of axoplasmic supernatant with UV/vanadate also blocks the retrograde movement of purified organelles in vitro without changing the number of anterograde moving organelles, indicating that dynein interacts specifically with a subgroup of organelles programmed to move toward the cell body. However, purified optic lobe dynein, like purified kinesin, does not by itself promote the movement of purified organelles along microtubules, suggesting that additional axoplasmic factors are necessary for retrograde as well as anterograde transport.
Clinical inquiries. What are the best treatments for herpes labialis? (2007)

There are 3: valacyclovir, acyclovir, and topical penciclovir. valacyclovir, 2 g twice in 1 day taken during the prodromal stage of herpes labialis, reduces the episode duration and time to healing. Acyclovir, 400 mg, taken 5 times a day for 5 days, decreases the pain duration and healing time to loss of crust (strength of recommendation [sor]: a, based on randomized controlled trials [rCTs]). Topical penciclovir 1%, acyclovir 5%, or docosanol 10% also decrease the duration of pain and healing time (sor: a, based on rCTs). The best prophylaxis for herpes labialis is oral valacyclovir 500 mg daily; it reduces the frequency and severity of attacks (sor: B, based on rCT). sunscreen may be effective in sunlight-induced recurrence (sor: B, based on 2 small crossover rCTs).
Rolling dice (1993)

article Free Access Share on Rolling dice: some notes on J and teaching probability Author: Keith Smillie View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGAPL APL Quote QuadVolume 24Issue 1Aug. 1993 pp 238–243https://doi.org/10.1145/166198.166227Published:01 September 1993Publication History 0citation342DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads342Last 12 Months8Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Mitochondrial Genes and Cytoplasmically Inherited Variation in Higher Plants (1982)

Eukaryotic cells contain interdependent genetic and protein-synthesizing systems in the nucleus and cytoplasm and in mitochondria. Green plants are unique in that they contain, in addition, a third such system in the plastids. In the case of the chloroplast genome, detailed restriction maps of chloroplast DNA from several plant species are available, and the locations and sequences of chloroplast-specific rRNAs, tRNAs, and several of the major protein-coding genes are known (Bedbrook and Koldner 1979). In contrast, we know little of the organization, information content, and function of mtDNA in green plants. In recent years, however, there has been renewed interest in the role of cytoplasmic genes in plant development and crop improvement. This is perhaps not surprising, since the mitochondrion and chloroplast are the major sites of energy conversion and presumably play a vital role in determining the vigor and productivity of the whole plant. Our detailed knowledge of the mitochondrial genetic system has been acquired mainly from studies with ascomycete and animal mitochondria. Genetic analysis of the mtDNA in higher plants is much more difficult than in yeast, where the impressive progress in mapping genes localized in mtDNA has in large part been made possible by the availability of a wide variety of mutants whose characteristic phenotypes results from mutations in mtDNA. This, coupled with the unique ability of yeast to survive without functional mitochondria, has allowed the study of mutations that interfere with mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In contrast, many mutations in plant mtDNA may be lethal, and...
Load-Deformation Response of Pressurized Tubular Fabric Arches (2009)

Pressurized fabric arches are lightweight, portable structural members fabricated from a continuously woven or braided fabric tube and an internal impermeable bladder. This study examines the load-deflection and buckling response of semi-circular, inflated fabric arches. Experiments on the load-deformation response of a woven and braided fabric arch tested over a range of inflation pressures are detailed. A quadratic Timoshenko beam finite element previously developed for the small deformation analysis of beams and beamcolumns is extended to the large-deformation in-plane analysis of arches with a co-rotational formulation. Response simulations that include fabric wrinkling, work done by pressure, and geometric nonlinearity are shown to accurately predict measured, pressure-dependent arch load-deformation response. Additional analyses indicate that inflation pressure significantly affects the buckling capacity of both deep and shallow arches. The effect of arch included angle Θ is also studied with respect to buckling. Experimental measurements of braided arch load-displacement response provide a starting point for extending the beam finite element to analyze braided arch response.
On the Design and Implementation of an Efficient DAA Scheme (2010)

Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) is an anonymous digital signature scheme that aims to provide both signer authentication and privacy. One of the properties that makes DAA an attractive choice in practice is the split signer role. In short, a principal signer (a Trusted Platform Module (TPM)) signs messages in collaboration with an assistant signer (the Host, a standard computing platform into which the TPM is embedded). This split aims to harness the high level of security offered by the TPM, and augment it using the high level of computational and storage ability offered by the Host. Our contribution in this paper is a modification to an existing pairing-based DAA scheme that significantly improves efficiency, and a comparison with the original RSA-based DAA scheme via a concrete implementation.
Identification of inertial and friction parameters for excavator arms (1999)

A novel yet simple approach for experimental determination of the link (mass and inertia-related) parameters and friction coefficients is developed for a typical excavator arm. The parameters are needed for indirect measurement of the external forces, compensation for the link weights in the operator's hand in a force-feedback teleoperation setup, impedance control of the arm, simulation of the manipulator dynamics, and model-based fault detection. Treating the machine arm as an open kinematic chain, its dynamic equations are presented symbolically. The static torque equations are derived from these equations and the gravitational parameters are defined accordingly. A new method for decoupled estimation of the gravitational parameters from static experiments is presented. Furthermore, the arm dynamics are expressed in a form which is linear in the inertia and friction-related parameters. The results obtained show that the identified model predicts the joint torques, in both static and dynamic conditions, with a very good accuracy.
Regions in Bacteroides plasmids pBFTM10 and pB8-51 that allow Escherichia coli-Bacteroides shuttle vectors to be mobilized by IncP plasmids and by a conjugative Bacteroides tetracycline resistance element (1986)

Bacteroides-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors containing a nonmobilizable pBR322 derivative and either pBFTM10 (pDP1, pCG30) or pB8-51 (pEG920) were mobilized by IncP plasmid R751 or pRK231 (an ampicillin-sensitive derivative of RK2) between E. coli strains and from E. coli to Bacteroides recipients. IncI alpha R64 drd-ll transferred these vectors 1,000 times less efficiently than did the IncP plasmids. pDP1, pCG30, and pEG920 could be mobilized from B. uniformis donors to both E. coli and Bacteroides recipients by a conjugative Bacteroides Tcr (Tcr ERL) element which was originally found in a clinical Bacteroides fragilis strain (B. fragilis ERL). However, the shuttle vector pE5-2, which contains pB8-51 cloned in a restriction site that prevents its mobilization by IncP or IncI alpha plasmids, also was not mobilized at detectable frequencies from Bacteroides donors by the Tcr ERL element. The mobilization frequencies of pCG30, pDP1, and pEG920 by the Tcr ERL element in B. uniformis donors to E. coli recipients was about the same as those to isogenic B. uniformis recipients. Transfer of the shuttle vectors from B. uniformis donors to E. coli occurred at the same frequencies when the matings were done aerobically or anaerobically. Growth of the B. uniformis donors in tetracycline (1 microgram/ml) prior to conjugation increased the mobilization frequencies of the vectors to both E. coli and Bacteroides recipients 50 to 100 times.
Understanding BGP Session Failures in a Large ISP (2007)

The current global Internet routing frequently suffers from cascading routing changes and slow routing convergence. Such instability can significantly affect the performance of real-time Internet applications such as VoIP, multimedia conferencing and online gaming. One major cause of routing instability is the failure of BGP peering sessions, but there has been little understanding of the factors that contribute to the failures of operational BGP sessions. In this paper, we present a systematic study on the failures of a few hundred BGP sessions using data collected in a tier-1 ISP network over a 9-month period. We first quantify the impact of the session failures on both the control plane and the data plane. We then use syslog events to identify the direct triggers of session failures. Furthermore, we use several heuristics, including link failure information, session down time and traffic level, to identify the root problems that led to these session failures. We found that the major root causes are administrative session resets and link failures, each contributing to 46.1% and 30.4% of the observed session failures.
Sterilisation of Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann maggots used in therapy of intractable wounds. (2005)

Three new techniques of sterilising maggots of Lucilia cuprina for the purpose of debriding intractable wounds were studied. These techniques were utilisation of ultra-violet C (UVC) and maggot sterilisation with disinfectants. The status of sterility was checked on nutrient agar and blood agar and confirmed with staining. The indicators for the effectiveness of the methods were sterility and survival rate of the eggs or larvae. Egg sterilisation with UVC had the lowest hatching rate (16+/-0.00%) while egg sterilisation with disinfectants showed high hatching rate (36.67+/-4.41%) but low maggot survival rate (31.67+/-1.67%). Sterilisation of the maggots was the most suitable, since the survival rate was the highest (88.67+/-0.88%). Complete sterility was achieved in all cases, except that Proteus mirabilis was consistently found. However, the presence of this microorganism was considered beneficial.
Rebound nocturnal hypersecretion after four weeks treatment with an H2 receptor antagonist. (1989)

Daytime intragastric pH, fasting and meal stimulated serum gastrin and nocturnal acid output were studied in eight male duodenal ulcer patients before, during and two days after completing nizatidine 300 mg nocte (20:00 h) for four weeks. Median nocturnal acid output (mmol/10 h) decreased during treatment to 11.6 (range 0.4-26.7) compared with pretreatment value of 39.4 (9.8-91.2); median acid inhibition 77% (p less than 0.01) which was strongest between 24:00 and 04:00 h. Two days after discontinuing treatment, nocturnal acid output increased to 74.1 (11-181). Compared with the pretreatment value this represents median rebound hypersecretion of 77% (p less than 0.05), caused by increased H+ concentration and volume of secretion. Overall median daytime intragastric pH (09:00-21:00 h) was unchanged on the final day of treatment and two days after completing therapy, compared with the pretreatment values. Fasting serum gastrin measured between 09:30 and 10:00 h and the integrated gastrin response to an OXO breakfast taken out at 10:00 h were also similar during and after treatment, compared with pretreatment values. The rebound nocturnal hypersecretion may be relevant to the high ulcer relapse rates after stopping H2 receptor antagonists.
(S)- and (R)-5-Pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-tetrazoles: Enantiomeric Organocatalysts of Broad Utility in Organic Synthesis (2007)

This mini-review concerns the broad application of (S)- and (R)-5-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-tetrazoles as organocatalysts. A summary of methods for their synthesis is followed by a discussion of the general reaction mechanism and subsequent analysis of each reaction type for which they have proved to be efficient catalytic species. Where relevant, a comparison is made with other organocatalysts in similar asymmetric reaction processes.
Design and optimization of collection efficiency and conversion gain of buried p-well SOI pixel X-ray detector (2017)

Buried P-Well (BPW) technology was used in silicon-on-insulator pixels (SOIPIX) to suppress the back-gate effect, the major challenge in SOIPIX. In this work, we have designed and optimized two novel pixel structures, which are based on different BPW design layouts, to study the carrier collection efficiency and conversion gain of the pixel unit used in SOIPIX X-ray detectors. The first structure has an extended BPW region connected with a P+ node. In the second structure, a separated BPW ring region is formed surrounding the P+ node. Two X-ray sources with different photon energies have been applied in the simulation of excess carrier generation. The results indicated that the first structure had higher collection efficiency while the second structure had a slightly better conversion gain. As a result, the total photoelectric voltage of the first structure is about two times that of the second structure, where low doping concentration (<1 × 1016 cm‒3) in the BPW region is preferred. Such a study of design and optimization of BPW technology is very important for applications in SOIPIX detectors
Semantic Search with Knowledge Bases (2018)

Over the past decade, modern search engines have made significant progress towards better understanding searchers' intents and providing them with more focused answers, a paradigm that is called \\semantic search." Semantic search is a broad area that encompasses a variety of tasks and has a core enabling data component, called the knowledge base. In this thesis, we utilize knowledge bases to address three tasks involved in semantic search: (i) query understanding, (ii) entity retrieval, and (iii) entity summarization.\nQuery understanding is the first step in virtually every semantic search system. We study the problem of identifying entity mentions in queries and linking them to the corresponding entries in a knowledge base. We formulate this as the task of entity linking in queries, propose refinements to evaluation measures, and publish a test collection for training and evaluation purposes. We further establish a baseline method for this task through a reproducibility study, and introduce different methods with the aim to strike a balance between efficiency and effectiveness.\nNext, we turn to using the obtained annotations for answering the queries. Here, our focus is on the entity retrieval task: answering search queries by returning a ranked list of entities. We introduce a general feature-based model based on Markov Random Fields, and show improvements over existing baseline methods. We find that the largest gains are achieved for complex natural language queries.\nHaving generated an answer to the query (from the entity retrieval step), we move on to presentation aspects of the results. We introduce and address the novel problem of dynamic entity summarization for entity cards, by breaking it into two subtasks, fact ranking and summary generation. We perform an extensive evaluation of our method using crowdsourcing, and show that our supervised fact ranking method brings substantial improvements over the most comparable baselines.\nIn this thesis, we take the reproducibility of our research very seriously. Therefore, all resources developed within the course of this work are made publicly available. We further make two major software and resource contributions: (i) the Nordlys toolkit, which implements a range of methods for semantic search, and (ii) the extended DBpedia-Entity test collection.
Antioxidant activity in cooked and gastrointestinal enzyme digested eggs (2011)

The avian egg is an excellent source of nutrients, and consists of components with beneficial properties but there is a limited knowledge on the effect of various cooking methods and gastrointestinal digestion on antioxidant activity of eggs. The present study was focused on the effect of cooking and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on antioxidant activity of eggs by 3 assays; Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ABTS decolorization assay, and 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results suggest that fresh egg yolk have higher antioxidant activity than fresh egg white and whole eggs. Cooking reduced but simulated gastrointestinal digestion increased the antioxidant activity. Boiled egg white hydrolysate showed the highest antioxidant activity; a total of 63 peptides were identified, indicative of the formation of novel antioxidant peptides upon simulated gastrointestinal digestion. This study suggests the potential role of eggs as dietary source of antioxidants.
Bioassay-guided studies on the cytotoxic and in vitro trypanocidal activities of a sesquiterpene (Muzigadial) derived from a Ugandan medicinal plant (Warburgia ugandensis). (2001)

Trypanosomiasis is arguably the most important disease of man and his domesticated animals in the tropics. There are few compounds available for its treatment. This has exacerbated the development of drug resistance. There is therefore urgent need to search for newer compounds to treat this important disease. Medicinal plants represent a potential source of the drugs. This paper reports a bioassay-guided study to search for possible biological activity (cytotoxic and trypanocidal) in two Ugandan medicinal plants. The methodology adopted was the so-called ‘ping-pong’ approach, involving phytochemical purification (column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography), alongside biological studies (cytotoxicity, antibacterial, trypanocidal and antifungal studies). Phytochemical investigations of Zanthoxylum chalybeum (seed) yielded a pure crystalline compound, 27-135D, which was characterized by (1)HNMR as the alkaloid skimmianine. Studies on stem bark yielded three alkaloids 27-165A, 27-173A and 27-173B. All the above pure isolates, and the crude extracts of Z. chalybeum had neither biological activity nor cytotoxicity in the brine shrimp assay. A cytotoxic sesquiterpine, characterized as muzigadial, was isolated from W. ugandensis. It was highly toxic in the brine shrimp assay and also had in vitro trypanocidal activity against IL 3338 as well as IL1180; reference drug-resistant and drug-sensitive trypanosome strains respectively, comparable to diminazene aceturate and Geneticin (G418). Muzigadial also had antifungal activity against Candida albicans. It was concluded that the brine shrimp assay might be a useful predictor of trypanocidal activity of plant extracts and that muzigadial may be potentially valuable in the treatment of drug-resistant trypanosomosis.