gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pericytes from Brain Microvessels Strengthen the Barrier Integrity in Primary Cultures of Rat Brain Endothelial Cells (2007)

(1) The blood-brain barrier (BBB) characteristics of cerebral endothelial cells are induced by organ-specific local signals. Brain endothelial cells lose their phenotype in cultures without cross-talk with neighboring cells. (2) In contrast to astrocytes, pericytes, another neighboring cell of endothelial cells in brain capillaries, are rarely used in BBB co-culture systems. (3) Seven different types of BBB models, mono-culture, double and triple co-cultures, were constructed from primary rat brain endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes on culture inserts. The barrier integrity of the models were compared by measurement of transendothelial electrical resistance and permeability for the small molecular weight marker fluorescein. (4) We could confirm that brain endothelial monolayers in mono-culture do not form tight barrier. Pericytes induced higher electrical resistance and lower permeability for fluorescein than type I astrocytes in co-culture conditions. In triple co-culture models the tightest barrier was observed when endothelial cells and pericytes were positioned on the two sides of the porous filter membrane of the inserts and astrocytes at the bottom of the culture dish. (5) For the first time a rat primary culture based syngeneic triple co-culture BBB model has been constructed using brain pericytes beside brain endothelial cells and astrocytes. This model, mimicking closely the anatomical position of the cells at the BBB in vivo, was superior to the other BBB models tested. (6) The influence of pericytes on the BBB properties of brain endothelial cells may be as important as that of astrocytes and could be exploited in the construction of better BBB models.
Evolution of Radiation-induced Brain Injury: MR Imaging–based Study (2009)

TLI from radiation is not always an irreversible and progressive process but is one that can regress or resolve at MR imaging. In the evolution of radiation injury, WMLs are seen first and are followed by contrast-enhanced lesions, which have an increasing tendency to become necrotic with increasing size. Cysts are the least frequent manifestation and arise in the late stage of TLI.
Culture of Substantia Nigra Neurons (1997)

Primary cultures of nigral tissue are widely used as a model system to assay effects of trophic and toxic agents on dopaminergic neurons. Cultured dopaminergic neurons have been successfully transplanted in animals and led to behavioral improvement in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Cell cultures have also been used to study the development of substantia nigra, allowing investigators to identify early inductive events important for nigral development and to study dopaminergic differentiation and target innervation. This unit provides simple and reliable culture protocols for these applications. The first approach presented is the preparation of dissociated nigral cell cultures, the later steps of which can be used as a simple and efficient assay for testing growth factors. A second approach is the preparation of free-floating roller tube cultures, which may be used as a tool for neural transplantation and to study more complex developmental events. A third approach is the production of organotypic cultures using chicken plasma as a matrix. Organotypic cultures can maintain the in vivo cytoarchitecture of a host region in vitro.
Syntheses and properties of 3-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrrolo(3,2-d)pyrimidine-5,7(4H,6H)-dione (9-hydroxy-9-deazatheophylline) derivatives. (1982)

Treatment of 1, 3, 6-trimethyl-5-nitrouracil with aryl aldehydes in the presence of piperidine results in condensation to the 5-nitro-6-styryluracil derivatives, followed by intramolecular cyclization including piperidine-catalyzed oxidation-reduction to give rise to the corresponding 3-hydroxy-4, 6-dimethylpyrrolo [3, 2-d] pyrimidine-5, 7 (4H, 6H)-dione (9-hydroxy-9-deazatheophylline) derivatives in a single step. Some properties of these compounds and an X-ray crystal structure determination of 8-(p-chlorophenyl)-9-methoxy-7-methyl-9-deazatheophylline are described.
The Quest for Therapy (1987)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTThe Quest for TherapyDozens of potential drags to treat AIDS are being studied, but it is unclear when any will join zidovudine (AZT) at U.S. pharmaciesRON DAGANIView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1987, 65, 47, 41–49Publication Date (Print):November 23, 1987Publication History Published online8 November 2010Published inissue 23 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v065n047.p041https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v065n047.p041newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1987 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Dairy products,Mixtures Get e-Alerts
Measurement of Channel Stress Using Gate Direct Tunneling Current in Uniaxially Stressed nMOSFETs (2007)

We measure the conduction-band electron direct tunneling current through the 1.27-nm gate oxide of nMOSFETs transistors that undergo longitudinal stress via a layout technique. With known process parameters and published deformation potential constants as input, fitting of the measured direct tunneling current versus gate voltage leads to the channel stress of around 0, -100, and -300 MPa for a gate-to-trench isolation spacing of 2.4, 0.495, and 0.21 mum, respectively. To examine the accuracy of the method, a link with the mobility and threshold voltage measurements on the same device is conducted. The resulting piezoresistance coefficient and band offset are in good agreement with the literature values. The layout technique used is also validated.
Drug Induced Refractory Headache ‐ Clinical Features and Management (1990)

Two hundred patients who were taking daily symptomatic or immediate relief medications, often in excessive quantities, yet suffering from daily or near daily severe headaches were studied. One hundred and sixteen (58%) of them were also taking concomitant prophylactic medications and they were ineffective. Low tyramine, low caffeine dietary instructions and biofeedback training were given to all patients. The effect of continuing symptomatic medications, discontinuing symptomatic medications, and adding or changing prophylactic medications were studied in the various treatment groups. It is concluded that; 1.) Daily use of symptomatic or immediate relief medications result in chronic daily headache. 2.) Discontinuing daily symptomatic medications itself result in improvement of headache. 3.) Concomitant use of symptomatic medications nullifies the effect of prophylactic medications. 4.) Discontinuing daily symptomatic medications enhances the beneficial effect of prophylactic medications.
The Nuclear Orphan Receptor CAR-Retinoid X Receptor Heterodimer Activates the Phenobarbital-Responsive Enhancer Module of the <i>CYP2B</i> Gene (1998)

PBREM, the phenobarbital-responsive enhancer module of the cytochrome P-450 Cyp2b10 gene, contains two potential nuclear receptor binding sites, NR1 and NR2. Consistent with the finding that anti-retinoid X receptor (RXR) could supershift the NR1-nuclear protein complex, DNA affinity chromatography with NR1 oligonucleotides enriched the nuclear orphan receptor RXR from the hepatic nuclear extracts of phenobarbital-treated mice. In addition to RXR, the nuclear orphan receptor CAR was present in the same enriched fraction. In the phenobarbital-treated mice, the binding of both CAR and RXR was rapidly increased before the induction of CYP2B10 mRNA. In vitro-translated CAR bound to NR1, but only in the presence of similarly prepared RXR. PBREM was synergistically activated by transfection of CAR and RXR in HepG2 and HEK293 cells when the NR1 site was functional. A CAR-RXR heterodimer has thus been characterized as a trans-acting factor for the phenobarbital-inducible Cyp2b10 gene.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Secretory “Pregnancy‐Associated Endometrial α<sub>1</sub>‐Globulin,” an Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein: Characterization and Use in Radioimmunoassay, Western Blots, and Immunohistochemistry (1989)

ABSTRACT: Monoclonal antibodies were raised against pregnancy‐associated endometrial ax‐globulin (α 1 ‐PEG), a 32 KD insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGF‐BP), which represents a major secretory product of the human decidualized endometrium during pregnancy. This class of IGF‐BP has been implicated in the modulation of action, inhibitory and stimulatory, of insulin‐like growth factors. Immunization with the protein purified from pregnancy endometrium resulted after myeloma fusion in the isolation of six hybridoma clones and the antibodies produced were characterized. The Ka of the antibodies ranged between 4.75 × 10 9 M 1 and 0.7 × 10 8 M −1 . In Western blots all monoclonal antibodies reacted with purified protein of molecular weight 32 KD and specifically detected this IGF‐BP species in culture medium and cytosolic extracts of pregnancy endometrium and amniotic fluid. The monoclonal antibodies appear to define three epitope‐bearing regions as evidenced by their reactivity to polypeptide fragments of the protein. After synthesis and secretion by tissue explants in vitro the protein is susceptible to cleavage into fragments possessing different monoclonal antibody‐defined reactivity. Employing immunohistochemical techniques the protein was principally localized to decidual cells in tissue sections of pregnancy endometrium and solely to these cells after enzymic digestion of the tissue. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to potential role of IGF‐BP in the action of IGF upon the IGF‐1 receptor‐bearing populations, including lymphocytes and trophoblast cells, D in the decidua.
New cell-based indicator assays for the detection of human cytomegalovirus infection and screening of inhibitors of viral immediate-early 2 protein activity (2008)

These new cell-based assays can be exploited as functional assays to detect infectious HCMV particles, as well as to screen antiviral compounds that interfere with IE2 activity.
Can biochemical markers serve as surrogates for imaging in knee osteoarthritis? (2007)

The PCA results suggest that biochemical marker combinations may be more sensitive than individual biochemical markers for reflecting structural damage in patients with knee OA. The differences in biochemical marker profiles associated with osteophytes compared with those associated with subchondral BMD raise the possibility that these 2 processes, commonly seen in bone in knee OA, have underlying biologic differences.
Interactive control of humanoid navigation (2009)

We present a method for interactively guiding the navigation of a humanoid robot through complex terrain via an intuitive path-drawing interface. In contrast to full autonomy or direct teleoperation of the robot, the user suggests an overall global navigation route by ¿drawing¿ a path onto the environment while the robot is walking. The path is used by a footstep planner that searches online for a sequence of suitable footstep locations that follow the indicated path as closely as possible while respecting the robot dynamics and overall navigation safety. In this way, the planner provides the robot partial autonomy in selecting precise footstep sequences while the human operator retains high-level control of the global navigation route. We present experimental results of the complete system on the biped humanoid HRP-2 navigating on and around various platforms, chairs, and stairs. We use an augmented reality system so that interactively drawing paths on the world is intuitive and natural.
A Convenient Preparation of Chloroform-d<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Convenient Preparation of Chloroform-d1Ronald KlugerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 7, 2045–2046Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01030a526https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01030a526research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views378Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Oxidation of Thiocyanate Ion by Hydrogen Peroxide. I. The pH-Independent Reaction (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Oxidation of Thiocyanate Ion by Hydrogen Peroxide. I. The pH-Independent ReactionI. R. Wilson and G. M. HarrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 17, 4515–4517Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01502a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1042Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (384 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A penalized matrix decomposition, with applications to sparse principal components and canonical correlation analysis (2009)

We present a penalized matrix decomposition (PMD), a new framework for computing a rank-K approximation for a matrix. We approximate the matrix X as circumflexX = sigma(k=1)(K) d(k)u(k)v(k)(T), where d(k), u(k), and v(k) minimize the squared Frobenius norm of X - circumflexX, subject to penalties on u(k) and v(k). This results in a regularized version of the singular value decomposition. Of particular interest is the use of L(1)-penalties on u(k) and v(k), which yields a decomposition of X using sparse vectors. We show that when the PMD is applied using an L(1)-penalty on v(k) but not on u(k), a method for sparse principal components results. In fact, this yields an efficient algorithm for the "SCoTLASS" proposal (Jolliffe and others 2003) for obtaining sparse principal components. This method is demonstrated on a publicly available gene expression data set. We also establish connections between the SCoTLASS method for sparse principal component analysis and the method of Zou and others (2006). In addition, we show that when the PMD is applied to a cross-products matrix, it results in a method for penalized canonical correlation analysis (CCA). We apply this penalized CCA method to simulated data and to a genomic data set consisting of gene expression and DNA copy number measurements on the same set of samples.
Effect of Phospholipid Hydrolysis on Lipid Oxidation in Flounder Muscle Microsomes (1981)

ABSTRACT Endogenous phospholipase A activity was observed to be associated with the microsomal fraction of flounder muscle. Preincubation of microsomes with exogenous phospholipase A 2 resulted in an inhibition of both enzymic and nonenzymic lipid oxidation systems contrary to the generally accepted assumption that fatty acids are more susceptible to oxidation when free than when esterified. Removal of free fatty acids from the membrane led to a partial restoration of oxidative activity in both systems. Preincubation of microsomes with phospholipase C lowered enzymic oxidation but did not affect non‐enzymic oxidation, whereas, preincubation with 1% sodium desoxycholate led to inhibition of both oxidation systems. This study suggests a direct role of phospholipid hydrolysis in the inhibition of lipid oxidation in an isolated membrane fraction of fish muscle and the possibility that such hydrolysis in situ may be a controlling factor in lipid oxidation and its subsequent effects.
Iron, steel, and other alloys (1903)

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.
Mechanism for Hyperoxaluria in Patients with Ileal Dysfunction (1973)

Hyperoxaluria was found in 66 per cent of 18 patients with disease or resection of the ileum. Previous theories to explain the mechanism for this secondary hyperoxaluria have implicated bacterial metabolism of bile-salt glycine in the colon or altered glyoxylate metabolism in the liver. The present studies show that, in this situation, bile-salt glycine is not a precursor of urinary oxalate and that glyoxylate metabolism is normal. However, patients with ileal resection and hyperoxaluria absorbed up to five times as much 14C oxalate as control subjects —mean ± S.E.M. of 31 ± 9.2 per cent, as compared with 6.6 ± 0.9 per cent — when the isotope was given with food, and treatment of these patients with low oxalate diets (<4 mg of oxalate per 24 hours) promptly abolished the hyperoxaluria. These results suggest that increased absorption of dietary oxalate is the cause of the hyperoxaluria seen in patients with ileal dysfunction. (N Engl J Med 289:172–176, 1973)
Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. (1982)

The emerging ability to comply with caregivers' dictates and to monitor one's own behavior accordingly signifies a major growth of early childhood. However, scant attention has been paid to the developmental course of self-initiated regulation of behavior. This article summarizes the literature devoted to early forms of control and highlights the different philosophical orientations in the literature. Then, focusing on the from early infancy to the beginning of the preschool years, the author proposes an ontogenetic perspective tracing the kinds of modulation or control the child is capable of along the way. The developmental sequence of monitoring behaviors that is proposed calls attention to contributions made by the growth of cognitive skills. The role of mediators (e.g., caregivers) is also discussed. During the second year of life, children increasingly demonstrate signs of selfhood and autonomy. This growing sense of identity, coupled with the ability to recall the dictates of caregivers, leads to a new dimension in behavior. Children begin to appraise the requirements of social and nonsocial situations and to monitor their own behavior accordingly. Slowly and precariously they move toward self-regulation, an achievement that Flavell (1977) descibes as being one of the really central and significant cognitive-developmental hallmarks of the early childhood period (p. 64).
Randomized phase III study of paclitaxel plus carboplatin with or without sorafenib as second-line treatment in patients with advanced melanoma (2007)

8510 Background: Sorafenib (SOR), a potent and selective multi-kinase inhibitor, exerts its anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects via inhibition of VEGFR-1, -2, -3, PDGFR-a, -β, and Raf. Promising results from a single-arm study of paclitaxel and carboplatin plus sorafenib (PC+SOR) in advanced melanoma warranted further investigation in a randomized phase III trial. Methods: Eligibility criteria: measurable disease by RECIST, progressive disease (PD) on dacarbazine or temozolomide-containing regimen. Prior adjuvant immunotherapy was allowed; pts with active brain metastases were excluded. Pts stratified by stage (unresectable III vs IV, M1a/M1b vs M1c) and ECOG PS (0 vs 1) were randomized to receive P 225 mg/m 2 and C AUC=6 on day 1 every 3 wks + oral placebo (PL) or oral SOR 400 mg bid on Days 2–19 every 3 wks until the occurrence of PD or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Using a two-sided test with a = 0.01, 173 PFS events were needed to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.56 (SOR/PL) with 90% power. The secondary endpoints were overall survival, objective response rate (ORR) and time to progression. Results: 270 pts randomized over 12 mos in equally balanced groups had: median age 57 yrs, male 63%, ECOG PS 1 46%, Stage IV M1c 69% and elevated LDH 46%. At the time of analysis by independent assessment, the median PFS of PC+PL vs PC+SOR was 17.9 wks (99% CI: 11.3, 22.9) vs 17.4 wks (99% CI: 11.9, 23.1), HR 0.906 [p=0.492]; PFS rate at Day 180 was 29% vs 32%, ORR was 11% vs 12%. Both regimens were well-tolerated with the following selected = Grade 3 toxicities in PC+PL vs PC+SOR: neutropenia (46% vs 49%), febrile neutropenia (7% vs 9%), thrombocytopenia (12% vs 28%), sensory neuropathy (13% vs. 20%), thrombosis/embolism (6% vs 4%), rash/desquamation (0 vs 7%), hand-foot skin reaction (0 vs 7%), fatigue (10% vs 16%), diarrhea (3% vs 8%) and hemorrhage (3% vs 2%). There were 2 deaths, possibly related to treatment with PC+SOR. Conclusions: The addition of SOR to PC did not improve PFS or ORR in this second-line patient population. Toxicity of PC+SOR is tolerable. The utility of PC+SOR in chemotherapy-naïve advanced melanoma pts remains an important question and a phase III trial is currently in progress (E2603). [Table: see text]