gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kringle glycosylation in a modified human tissue plasminogen activator improves functional properties (1993)

Native tissue plasminogen activator (ntPA) has a variable glycosylation site on its kringle-2 domain. We have examined the effects of kringle glycosylation on functional properties by studying the simplified tPA molecule, tPA-6. tPA-6 is composed of kringle-2 and the serine protease domains and, like ntPA, cells expressing tPA-6 process it into two glycoforms: the monoglycosylated tPA-6-primary (tPA-6P, type II) with N- linked glycosylation at Asn-448 in the serine protease domain and diglycosylated tPA-6-variant (tPA-6V, type I) with glycosylation at Asn- 448 and at Asn-184 in kringle-2. When the two glycoforms were separated, we found that purified tPA-6V had reduced fibrin-stimulated plasminogenolytic activity toward Glu-plasminogen when compared to purified tPA-6P. However, in the presence of fibrin, tPA-6V unexpectedly exhibited a sixfold increase in selectivity toward Lys- plasminogen. In addition, tPA-6V was less susceptible than tPA-6P to plasmin-mediated conversion to the two-chain form. By site-directed mutagenesis of tPA-6, we eliminated variable glycosylation at Asn-184 and engineered a new glycosylation signal at a remnant site in the kringle. This derivative, designated tPA-6D, was secreted with complete kringle glycosylation. Like the naturally occurring tPA-6V, tPA-6D had lower rates of fibrin-stimulated Glu-plasminogen activation, increased specificity toward Lys-plasminogen, and greater resistance to plasmin digestion. Although the activity of tPA-6D could be stimulated by fibrin, its activity was not stimulated significantly by fibrinogen, and in human plasma the rate of fibrinogen depletion was reduced threefold. Although fibrin binding to kringle-2 of tPA-6D was slightly improved, there was a substantial increase in the dissociation constant (kd) for lysine binding, demonstrating a lack of correlation between these ligand-binding sites. Overall, our data demonstrate the marked effect of kringle glycosylation on functional properties. In addition, we have generated a derivative with properties that potentially improve clot specificity and single-chain half-life and reduce the potential for plasminogen activation in the plasma.
Primal-Dual Rates and Certificates (2016)

We propose an algorithm-independent framework to equip existing optimization methods with primal-dual certificates. Such certificates and corresponding rate of convergence guarantees are important for practitioners to diagnose progress, in particular in machine learning applications. We obtain new primal-dual convergence rates, e.g., for the Lasso as well as many L1, Elastic Net, group Lasso and TV-regularized problems. The theory applies to any norm-regularized generalized linear model. Our approach provides efficiently computable duality gaps which are globally defined, without modifying the original problems in the region of interest.
Cell therapy to remove excess copper in Wilson's disease (2014)

To achieve permanent correction of Wilson's disease by a cell therapy approach, replacement of diseased hepatocytes with healthy hepatocytes is desirable. There is a physiological requirement for hepatic ATP7B-dependent copper (Cu) transport in bile, which is deficient in Wilson's disease, producing progressive Cu accumulation in the liver or brain with organ damage. The ability to repopulate the liver with healthy hepatocytes raises the possibility of cell therapy in Wilson's disease. Therapeutic principles included reconstitution of bile canalicular network as well as proliferation in transplanted hepatocytes, despite toxic amounts of Cu in the liver. Nonetheless, cell therapy studies in animal models elicited major differences in the mechanisms driving liver repopulation with transplanted hepatocytes in Wilson's disease versus nondiseased settings. Recently, noninvasive imaging was developed to demonstrate Cu removal from the liver, including after cell therapy in Wilson's disease. Such developments will help advance cell/gene therapy approaches, particularly by offering roadmaps for clinical trials in people with Wilson's disease.
PAR reduction via constellation shaping (2002)

We introduce a novel scheme using a constellation shaping approach to reduce the peak-to-average ratio (PAR) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In the time domain, the peak power bound traces out a hypercube boundary. We map this square time-domain boundary back to the frequency domain via the DFT and construct a method for indexing the OFDM constellation points. The encoding and decoding of the constellation use generators and relations from group theory. The end result is a coding scheme with nearly 20 dB of PAR reduction with no reduction in data rate or performance.
Highly Effective Transition Structure Designed Catalyst for the Enantio<i>- </i>and Position<i>-</i>Selective Dihydroxylation of Polyisoprenoids (2001)

[structure: see text] The chiral monocinchona derivative shown, synthesized in one step from two efficiently prepared chiral building blocks, was designed under mechanistic guidance as a catalyst for the enantio- and position-selective dihydroxylation of the terminal isopropylidene group of polyisoprenoids. Its efficacy as a synthetic reagent for this purpose was demonstrated for several different substrates.
<i>In Vivo</i>Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species Specifically Associated with Thioflavine S-Positive Amyloid Plaques by Multiphoton Microscopy (2003)

Amyloid-beta, the primary constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease, is hypothesized to cause neuronal damage and cognitive failure, but the mechanisms are unknown. Using multiphoton imaging, we show a direct association between amyloid-beta deposits and free radical production in vivo in live, transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and in analogous ex vivo experiments in human Alzheimer tissue. We applied two fluorogenic compounds, which become fluorescent only after oxidation, before imaging with a near infrared laser. We observed fluorescence associated with dense core plaques, but not diffuse plaques, as determined by subsequent addition of thioflavine S and immunohistochemistry for amyloid-beta. Systemic administration of N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone, a free radical spin trap, greatly reduced oxidation of the probes. These data show directly that a subset of amyloid plaques produces free radicals in living, Alzheimer's models and in human Alzheimer tissue. Antioxidant therapy neutralizes these highly reactive molecules and may therefore be of therapeutic value in Alzheimer's disease.
A 25-Gb/s 5-mWCMOS CDR/deserializer (2012)

A half-rate clock and data recovery circuit and a deserializer employ charge-steering logic to reduce the power consumption. Realized in 65-nm technology, the overall circuit draws 5 mW from a 1-V supply, producing a clock with an rms jitter of 1.5 ps and a jitter tolerance of 0.5 UI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> at 5 MHz.
Measurement of Infrared Fluorescence of Surfaces* (1967)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Alvin O. Ramsley, "Measurement of Infrared Fluorescence of Surfaces*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 111_1-112 (1967) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The University of Michigan in Novelty 2004. (2004)

This year we participated in the Novelty track. To find the relevant sentences, we combine sentence salience features that are inherited from text summarization domain with other heuristic features based on topic statements. We propose a novel method to extract the new sentences based on the graph-based ranking of the similarity relation between the sentences. 1. Overview The University of Michigan participated in all four tasks of the TREC 2004 Novelty track. To find the relevant sentences in Tasks 1 and 3, we experimented with more than ten features. The system was trained with all possible subsets of these features on the Novelty 2003 data using different learning algorithms to be explained below. All of the features were integrated into the MEAD 1 text summarization system (Radev, Blair-Goldensohn, &amp; Zhang, 2001). The following is a brief description of the features we used in the actual submissions, which gave us the best results on the training data: • Centroid: The centroid score that is a measure of how close is the sentence to the centroid pseudosentence of the entire cluster. This is a measure of sentence salience which is proven to be successful in multi-document summarization domain (Radev, Jing, &amp; Budzikowska, 2000).
Discoloration of Proteins by Binding with Phenolic Compounds (1982)

Phenolic compounds that occur in plant materials have very diverse chemical structures. Some are simple benzene derivatives, like the phenolic acids, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid (Figure 1). Others contain more complex ring systems such as the flavonoid quercetin and the terpenoid gossypol (Figure 1). Still others are extremely complex in structure. The vegetable tannin, procyanidin, is thought to be an oligomer of flavan-3-ol units (Figure 1). Lignin is a network type polymer composed of substituted cinnamyl alcohols (Figure 1). Phenolic compounds are found in all plant tissues. Griffiths (1), for example, found gentisic acid in the wood, bark, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, pod wall, cotyledons and testa of the cacao tree (Table I). Leucoanthocyanins and epicatechin were also present in most of the parts of this particular plant. The concentration of phenolics in plant materials can be quite high. Lignin represents 20-30% of the dry weight of the woody
<title>Fast motion estimation algorithm for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC by using multiple reference frame skipping criteria</title> (2003)

The emerging video coding standard, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, allows to use multiple reference frames for motion estimation to enhance temporal prediction. Exhaustive search of each frame requires a lot of computation which is propotional to the number of searched frames. However, the reduction of prediction residues is highly dependent on the characteristics of video sequences. In many cases, searching more reference frames contributes to nothing but only waste of computation. In this paper, we proposed a novel algorithm to accelerate the motion estimation by using reference frame skipping criteria. We adopted selected macroblock mode, intra/inter frame prediction residues, compactness of motion vectors, and scene changes in the criteria. By using these criteria, each macroblock can determine whether it is necessary to keep on searching more reference frams after the block matching process in the first reference frame. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can save up to 80% of computation without noticeable degradation of video quality.
The direct insertion mechanism in Ziegler-Natta polymerization: a theoretical study of Cp2TiCH3+ + C2H4 .fwdarw. Cp2TiC3H7+ (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe direct insertion mechanism in Ziegler-Natta polymerization: a theoretical study of Cp2TiCH3+ + C2H4 .fwdarw. Cp2TiC3H7+Cynthia A. Jolly and Dennis S. MarynickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 20, 7968–7974Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00202a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00202a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stabilization and positioning of a spin vortex in nanostructured ferromagnetic thin films (2006)

Spin vortex is a very common structure in ferromagnetic thin films, but it can be easily shifted by an in-plane applied field. The paper demonstrates that the vortex can be positioned over certain regions of the film due to the position of the hole made in the thin film. The calculation clearly shows that the hole can stabilize the spin vortex and sharpen the M-H loop transition, and may have potential applications in nanomagnets.
Covalently Assembled NIR Nanoplatform for Simultaneous Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer Cells (2012)

A highly efficient multifunctional nanoplatform for simultaneous upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging and photodynamic therapy has been developed on the basis of selective energy transfer from multicolor luminescent NaYF(4):Yb(3+),Er(3+) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to photosensitizers (PS). Different from popular approaches based on electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions, over 100 photosensitizing molecules were covalently bonded to every 20 nm UCNP, which significantly strengthened the UCNP-PS linkage and reduced the probability of leakage/desorption of the PS. Over 80% UCL was transferred to PS, and the singlet oxygen production was readily detected by its feature emission at 1270 nm. Tests performed on JAR choriocarcinoma and NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells verified the efficient endocytosis and photodynamic effect of the nanoplatform with 980 nm irradiation specific to JAR cancer cells. Our work highlights the promise of using UCNPs for potential image-guided cancer photodynamic therapy.
EOR screening criteria revisited (1996)

Screening criteria have been proposed for all EOR methods. Data from EOR projects around the world have been examined and the optimum reservoir/oil characteristics for successful projects have been noted. The API gravity ranges of the oils of current EOR methods have been compiled and the results are presented graphically. The proposed screening criteria are based on both field results and oil recovery mechanisms. The current state of the art for all methods is presented briefly, and relationships between them are described. Steamflooding is still the dominant EOR method. All chemical flooding has been declining, but polymers and gels are being used successfully for sweep improvement and water shutoff. Only CO 2 flooding activity has increased continuously. Screening criteria are useful for cursory examination of many candidate reservoirs before expensive reservoir descriptions and economic evaluations are done. For example, we have used our CO 2 screening criteria to estimate the total quantity of CO 2 that might be needed for the oil reservoirs of the world. If only depth and API gravity are considered, it appears that about 80% ofthe world's reservoirs could qualify for some type of CO 2 injection. Since the decisions on future EOR projects are based more on economics than on screening criteria, future oil prices are important. Therefore, we examined the impact of oil prices on EOR activities by comparing the actual EOR oil production to that predicted by earlier NPC reports. Although the lower prices since 1986 have reduced the number of EOR projects, the actual incremental production has been very close to that predicted for $20/bbl in the 1984 NPC report. Incremental oil production from CO 2 flooding continues to increase, and now actually exceeds the predictions made for $20 oil in the NPC report, even though oil prices have been below that level for some time.
On the use of a multilingual neural network front-end (2008)

This paper presents a front-end consisting of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) architecture trained with multilingual corpora.The idea is to train an ANN front-end able to integrate the acoustic variations included in databases collected for different languages, through different channels, or even for specific tasks.This ANN front-end produces discriminant features that can be used as observation vectors for language or task dependent recognizers.The approach has been evaluated on three difficult tasks: recognition of non-native speaker sentences, training of a new language with a limited amount of speech data, and training of a model for car environment using a clean microphone corpus of the target language and data collected in car environment in another language.
A neural network approach to monitor motor activities (2003)

This study compares the performance of surface electromyography (EMG) with accelerometry (ACC) in the detection of functional motor activities. Its outcome will guide the development of a wearable system to automatically monitor an individual's functional status in the home and relay that information to a remotely located caregiver. EMC and ACC signals were simultaneously recorded while subjects (N=11) performed a predetermined sequence of tasks. Two sets of tasks were considered: identification tasks related to clinical assessment of functional independence, and non-identification tasks namely motor activities biomechanically similar to the identification tasks but not related to clinical assessment. Pattern recognition algorithms were applied to data from both sensor types. The performance criteria were sensitivity (detection of identification tasks when present), specificity (avoidance of confusing identification tasks with one another), and misclassification (avoidance of confusing non-identification tasks with identification tasks). Results indicated that mean sensitivity over all tasks was higher for accelerometers than for EMG for a given value of misclassification. However, for specific tasks, EMG sensitivity was higher than that of accelerometers. Therefore we explored whether a combination of the two sensor types would lead to a further increase in sensitivity.
GPSDTN: Predictive Velocity-Enabled Delay-Tolerant Networks for Arctic Research and Sustainability (2007)

A Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) is a necessity for communication nodes that may need to wait for long periods to form networks. The IETF Delay Tolerant Network Research Group is developing protocols to enable such networks for a broad variety of Earth and interplanetary applications. The Arctic would benefit from a predictive velocity-enabled version of DTN that would facilitate communications between sparse, ephemeral, often mobile and extremely power-limited nodes. We propose to augment DTN with power-aware, buffer-aware location- and time-based predictive routing for ad-hoc meshes to create networks that are inherently location and time (velocity) aware at the network level to support climate research, emergency services and rural education in the Arctic. On Earth, the primary source of location and universal time information for networks is the Global Positioning System (GPS). We refer to this Arctic velocity-enabled Delay-Tolerant Network protocol as "GPSDTN" accordingly. This paper describes our requirements analysis and general implementation strategy for GPSDTN to support Arctic research and sustainability efforts.
Photoluminescence properties of polynapthalenevinylene (PNV) homopolymers and block copolymers by ring–opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and study of their photoluminescence properties (1997)

Well-defined transition metal catalysts have been developed over the last few years for the precise synthesis of polymers. Many of these catalysts are living and can be used to prepare near monodispersed homopolymers and block copolymers. Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) initiators have been developed that will tolerate a wide range of functionalities and reaction conditions. A family of barrelene and barrelene derivatives have been prepared which can be ROMPed to precursers to poly(phenylenevinylene) and poly(napthylenevinylene). Using newly developed techniques, these monomers are being polymerized to form block polymers that contain monomers which give homopolymers with different emission spectra. The effects of phase separation and spectral matchng are being investigated.
An In Situ Device to Measure Oxygen in the Vadose Zone and in Ground Water: Laboratory Testing and Field Evaluation (2008)

Abstract Oxygen probes developed to measure in situ oxygen concentrations in gaseous and aqueous environments were evaluated in laboratory tests and during long‐term field evaluation trials at contaminated sites. The oxygen probes were shown to have a linear calibration and to be accurate compared to conventional dissolved oxygen electrodes and gas chromatography, both of which require labor‐intensive sample collection and processing. The probes, once calibrated, required no maintenance or recalibration for up to a period of 7 years in low‐oxygen environments, demonstrating long‐term stability. Times to achieve 90% of the stabilized concentration ( t 90 ) after a step change in aqueous oxygen concentration were 100–120 min in laboratory experiments and up to 180 min in field experiments, which is adequate for monitoring subsurface changes. Field application data demonstrated that the oxygen probes could monitor oxygen concentrations in hydrocarbon‐contaminated ground water to a depth of 20 m below the water table or in pyritic vadose zones over extended periods. During bioremediation field trials, oxygen monitoring enabled estimation of oxygen utilization rates by microorganisms and hydrocarbon biodegradation rates. Also, probes were able to monitor the development of ground water desaturation during air sparging trials, enabling the automated assessment of the distribution of injected air.