gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Summary of the National Institutes of Health Workshop on Group B Streptococcal Infection (1983)

Group B streptococci remain a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. GBS vaccine or immunoglobulin administered iv may enhance neonatal GBS immunity. Likewise, intrapartum antibiotic therapy of colonized mothers appears to reduce vertical transmission of group B streptococci and to prevent both maternal and neonatal GBS disease. However, the safety and effectiveness of routine penicillin prophylaxis less than or equal to 1 hr after birth remain in question. For example, penicillin prophylaxis appears to be of little value in infants with low birth weights (less than 2,000 g) who become symptomatic shortly after birth; however, it may reduce the incidence of disease in larger, full-term infants who acquire the group B streptococci at delivery or in the few hours immediately thereafter. The potential harm of administering penicillin to all neonates must also be considered, since routine antibiotic therapy may alter the incidence of both neonatal infections due to penicillin-resistant pathogens and possible later penicillin allergy. Theoretically, a single injection of penicillin at birth may suppress GBS disease in some neonates but not effectively treat it, allowing the disease to progress prior to diagnosis and therapy. The decision to use penicillin routinely in neonates to prevent GBS disease must therefore be made with caution. Presently, this decision must be made on a situational basis, with institutions having a high incidence of early-onset GBS disease electing to use penicillin only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
Biocatalytic Cleavage of Alkenes with O<sub>2</sub> and <i>Trametes hirsuta</i> G FCC 047 (2008)

Abstract Alkenes possessing a C=C double bond adjacent to an aromatic ring were cleaved to yield the corresponding carbonyl compounds by use of molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant and a cell‐free extract of the wood‐degrading fungus Trametes hirsuta FCC 047 as catalyst. The oxygen pressure required was optimized. Special adapted equipment allowed 96 reactions to be performed in parallel under controlled oxygen pressure. A broad spectrum of aryl‐alkenes was successfully converted into the corresponding ketones/aldehydes with excellent chemoselectivity under a controlled oxygen atmosphere (2 bar).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Efficient enantioselective synthesis of the antitumor agent sarkomycin (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient enantioselective synthesis of the antitumor agent sarkomycinRobert K. Boeckman Jr., Paul C. Naegely, and Samuel D. ArthurCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 4, 752–754Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01292a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01292a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views483Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activated Immunocompetent Cells in Rat Colitis Mucosa Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium and Not Complete but Partial Suppression of Colitis by FK506 (1995)

Administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) solutions to rats induced colitis which resembled mucosal lesions of human ulcerative colitis. Recent reports have shown that some cytokines are related to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. In the present report, we describe the production of two cytokines in colitis mucosa in this DSS model. Using a cytotoxicity assay and a radioimmunoassay, we observed significant increases in levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the colitis mucosa and detected interleukin-1 alpha in the mucosa of 3 of 5 DSS rats and an increase in TNF-alpha had a tendency to be inhibited by treatment with FK506. Immunohistochemical investigation of DSS mucosa showed that the number of activated T cells increased at the earlier phase of inflammation. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence values and myeloperoxidase activities were increased in the late phase of colitis and were suppressed by the FK506 treatment. These findings may support the role of TNF-alpha and T-cell activation in the pathogenesis of DSS colitis.
Truth Discovery in Crowdsourced Detection of Spatial Events (2014)

<p>The ubiquity of smartphones has led to the emergence of mobile crowdsourcing tasks such as the detection of spatial events when smartphone users move around in their daily lives. However, the credibility of those detected events can be negatively impacted by unreliable participants with low-quality data. Consequently, a major challenge in quality control is to discover true events from diverse and noisy participants' reports. This truth discovery problem is uniquely distinct from its online counterpart in that it involves uncertainties in both participants' mobility and reliability. Decoupling these two types of uncertainties through location tracking will raise severe privacy and energy issues, whereas simply ignoring missing reports or treating them as negative reports will significantly degrade the accuracy of the discovered truth. In this paper, we propose a new method to tackle this truth discovery problem through principled probabilistic modeling. In particular, we integrate the modeling of location popularity, location visit indicators, truth of events and three-way participant reliability in a unified framework. The proposed model is thus capable of efficiently handling various types of uncertainties and automatically discovering truth without any supervision or the need of location tracking. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art truth discovery approaches in the mobile crowdsourcing environment.</p>
Respiratory Rehabilitation with Transtracheal Oxygen System (1982)

A system of transtracheal oxygen administration has been developed which is more effective for rehabilitating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients than traditional systems for providing continuous oxygen therapy. The procedure involves administering oxygen continuously through a No. 16 intravenous catheter inserted transtracheally. Therapeutic PaO2 levels are attained with an oxygen flow of 0.25 to 1 liter per minute. Transtracheal oxygen administration has numerous advantages over nasal cannula or Venturi mask devices. With this system, the patient requires 3 to 4 times less oxygen; therefore, a 2.7-kg (6-lb) portable tank will last most of one day. Oxygen-enriched air via transtracheal catheter reaches the lungs directly with less respiratory effort. Delivery of oxygen is not impaired by sinusitis, mouth-breathing, displacement of nasal cannula or loss of oxygen into the room. Patients experience an immediate sensation of being able to breathe more easily, begin ambulating the day of the procedure, have improved nutrition and return to many normal activities.
Autonomic policy-based management using web services (2006)

Network management requires a lot of manual work. Due to ongoing growth of the Internet, more self-management is needed in order to deal with the growing complexity. Policy-based management is an approach to simplify management by the use of rules. Policy refinement, i.e. breaking down high-level policies to technical configurations is still a task that needs manual work. We propose an architecture that uses Web services and automatic Web services composition as a complementary technique to policy refinement in order to automate policy-based management.
Prognostic implications of YKL-40 overexpression in breast cancer (2006)

20115 Background: YKL-40 has been implicated as a connective tissue growth factor and a migratory factor for endothelial cells. Elevated serum levels of YKL-40 have been found to correlate with worse survival in a variety of malignancies including breast cancer. We wished to determine if tumor overexpression of this protein also had prognostic implications in breast cancer. Methods: A prospectively collected database of breast cancer patients treated at the University Hospital of Newark was used for analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 115 patients for whom full clinical information and follow up was available. Specimens were categorized as lacking immunoreactivity (0), having focal sparse immunoreactivity (1), or strong more diffuse immunoreactivity (2). Results: YKL-40 expression was noted in 38 patients (33%). Of these, 24 demonstrated strong (2) immunoreactivity (21%). Strong (2) YKL-40 immunoreactivity significantly correlated with larger tumor size (p < .05). Tumors expressing any level of YKL-40 were also significantly more likely to be estrogen and/or progesterone receptor negative (p < .01). No significant correlation was demonstrated between YKL-40 status and nodal stage. At a mean follow up of 2.3 years, disease-free survival was significantly worse in the subset of patients whose tumors overexpressed any level of YKL-40 compared to the non-expressors (p < .01). In multivariate analysis, YKL-40 status was independent of T-stage and N-stage in predicting disease recurrence. Conclusions: Immunoreactivity for YKL-40 was a significant predictor of breast cancer relapse in this subset of patients. This was independent of T or N-stage and suggests that tumor immunohistochemistry for this protein may be a valuable prognostic marker in breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Inhibition of 45Ca movements by lowered temperature or lanthanum in rat brain slices. (1978)

Different components of 45Ca movements in rat cortex, striatum and hypothalamus slices were delineated by conditions and ions which selectively alter Ca2+ uptake, binding or extrusion. Equilibration of 45Ca was qualitatively similar in all three tissues and was attained within 30--60 min. The 45Ca tissue-medium ratios obtained in 1.5 mM Ca2+ solutions were increased 15--30% in 0.1 mM Ca2+ solutions and doubled in 0-Ca solutions. Efflux of 45Ca from slices can be described in terms of two components. Lowering the temperature to 0 degree C increased 45Ca uptake into the slower washout component and markedly decreased 45Ca efflux. Exposure to 1.5 mM La3+ decreased both 45Ca uptake and efflux. The inhibitory effects of 0 degree C and La3+ on 45Ca efflux were additive. Uptake of 45Ca in slices incubated in 1.5 mM Sr 2+-substituted (0-Ca) solutions was more similar to that in 0-Ca solutions than in 1.5 mM Ca2+ solutions. Thus, Ca2+ distribution is qualitatively similar in slices from different rat brain areas, loss of 45Ca is an energy dependent process which is at least partially coupled to Ca2+ uptake, decreased temperature inhibits Ca2+ extrusion, La3+ impedes uptake and subsequent binding of Ca2+, and Sr2+ does not prevent the major portion of 45Ca uptake at cellular binding sites. Use of 0 degree C and La3+ to inhibit discrete components of Ca2+ fluxes in rat brain area slices provides a basis for investigation of the mechanisms by which other agents can alter Ca2+ distribution in the central nervous system.
DOES FDI DIMINISH LOCAL EDUCATION SPENDING INEQUALITY? AN ANALYSIS OF US PANEL DATA 1992-2002 (2008)

A significant education and economic literature worries about the within-state inequality in public school spending, while the studies focus on the impacts of state constitution and political structure. Motivated by the literature and recent research on the effect of FDI on public education provision, this paper is the first to examine the impact of FDI on public school resource inequality within a state empirically. Using the US state-level panel data from 1992 to 2002 and a GMM estimation approach to control for unobservable state fixed-effects, time series issues, and endogeneity, the findings of the paper suggest that a 1-percent increase in the ratio of foreign employment relative to state non-farm employment is associated with the decrease in the within-state public school spending inequality by 5.2 percent on average. Thus, FDI contributes not only to increase jobs at state level but also to diminish inequality in public school spending within the state.
Therapeutic applications of gold complexes: lipophilic gold(iii) cations and gold(i) complexes for anti-cancer treatment (2011)

Gold and its complexes have long been known to display unique biological and medicinal properties. Extensive cell-based (in vitro) and animal (in vivo) studies have revealed the potent anti-cancer activities of diverse classes of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. Most of the reported anti-cancer active gold complexes are highly cytotoxic and unstable under physiological conditions, which hamper their development to be launched clinically. Several clinical reports showed that lipophilic organic cations are promising anti-cancer drug candidates targeting to mitochondria. Through metal-ligand coordination, gold(I) and gold(III) ions can form stable lipophilic cations containing organic ligands having tunable lipophilicity and diverse functionalities. The present highlight summarizes the recent development of lipophilic gold(III) cations and gold(I) complexes with promising anti-cancer activities.
High‐power GaN‐based semiconductor lasers (2004)

GaN-based blue-violet lasers with a kink-free output power of higher than 150 mW have been successfully realized by adopting a new ridge structure and appropriately designing the beam divergence. The new ridge structure is a narrow 1.4 μm ridge covered with a stacked layer of Si on SiO2 and the beam divergence half-angles parallel and perpendicular to the junction plane are set at 8° and 21°, respectively. These lasers have been operating stably for more than 500 h under 130-mW pulsed operation at 60 °C. The empirical activation energy of device lifetime under 30-mW continuous-wave operation is 0.32 eV. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Logic-in-Memory Inverter Based on a Silicon Nanowire Feedback Field-Effect Transistor (2022)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a logic-in-memory (LIM) inverter comprising a silicon nanowire (SiNW) n-channel feedback field-effect transistor (n-FBFET) and a SiNW p-channel metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (p-MOSFET). Further, we investigated the hybrid logic and memory operations of the inverter using mixed-mode technology computer-aided design simulations. Our LIM inverter exhibited a high voltage gain of 296.8 (V/V) when transitioning from logic ‘1’ to ‘0’ and 7.9 (V/V) when transitioning from logic ‘0’ to ‘1’, while holding calculated logic at zero input voltage. The energy band diagrams of the n-FBFET structure demonstrated that the holding operation of the inverter was implemented by controlling the positive feedback loop. Moreover, the output logic can remain constant without any supply voltage, resulting in zero static power consumption.
Microfluidic device for delivery of multiple inks for dip pen nanolithography (2007)

In the dip pen nanolithography (DPN) process, ultra-sharp scanning probe tips ("pens") are coated with chemical compounds (or "ink") and contacted with a surface to produce submicron-sized features. This work describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a microfluidic ink delivery device for delivering multiple species of inks to an array of multiple pens, as well as for maximizing the number of inks for simultaneous patterning by DPN. The microfluidic device (called "Centiwell") consists of a 2-D array of 96 microwells that are obtained by silicon bulk micromachining process. A thermoelectric module is attached to the bottom of the substrate. Microbeads of a hygroscopic material (e.g., polyethylene glycol or PEG) are dispensed into the microwells. The thermoelectric module cools the substrate to below the dew point for condensing water droplets on the microbeads and to create PEG solutions that serve as the ink for DPN. An array of pens is then coated with the ink. Subsequently, nanolithography is performed with the coated pens. Multiple PEG nanopatterns obtained by this method are presented as proof-of-concept. This demonstrates the functionality of the Centiwell microfluidic ink delivery device for nanolithography of multiple inks. Also, fractal nanopatterns are observed in the nanolithography experiments.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Blockade Inhibits VEGF-A-Induced Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2013)

The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but it remains unknown whether its activation contributes to AMD pathologies. VEGF-A is increased in neovascular ("wet") AMD, but it is not known whether it plays a role in inflammasome activation, whether an increase of VEGF-A by itself is sufficient to cause neovascular AMD and whether it can contribute to nonexudative ("dry") AMD that often co-occurs with the neovascular form. Here, it is shown that an increase in VEGF-A results in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and is sufficient to cause both forms of AMD pathologies. Targeting NLRP3 or the inflammasome effector cytokine IL-1β inhibits but does not prevent VEGF-A-induced AMD pathologies, whereas targeting IL-18 promotes AMD. Thus, increased VEGF-A provides a unifying pathomechanism for both forms of AMD; combining therapeutic inhibition of both VEGF-A and IL-1β or the NLRP3 inflammasome is therefore likely to suppress both forms of AMD.
Coexistence of GABA receptors and GABA-modulin in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells (1987)

GABA-modulin (GM), a basic polypeptide purified from rat brain synaptosomes, which is an allosteric inhibitor of GABA recognition sites, has been detected in primary cultures of cerebellar interneurons enriched in granule cells by immunohistochemistry, using a specific antibody raised in rabbit injected with GM purified from rat brain synaptosomes. In these cultures, GM is expressed by the granule cells, which are postsynaptic to GABAergic interneurons, but not by glial cells. In rat cerebellar sections anti-GM antiserum intensely strains the granular cell layer and Purkinje cell dendrites and cell bodies. GM has been purified from the cerebellar granule cell cultures and appears to be identical under biochemical, immunological, and functional criteria to authentic GM purified from rat brain synaptosomes. Granule cell cultures devoid of GABAergic neurons contain the GABA/BZ/Cl- receptor complex; in fact, intact cell monolayers, incubated in physiological buffer at 25 degrees C, express 3H-muscimol and 3H-flunitrazepam binding sites, which are comparable to the sites detected in cell membrane preparations and which modulate each other reciprocally. It is concluded that GM might participate in the supramolecular organization of the GABA receptor complex, perhaps functioning as a modulator of this receptor protein.
Aluminum Alloy Riser Allows for Deeper Drilling on Existing Rigs (2005)

Abstract As drilling activities extend further offshore, the need to drill in deeper water increases. When conventional steel risers are used to increase drilling depth, the structural support of existing rig decks must be improved to support the additional weight. These modifications to allow for deeper drilling are both cost-prohibitive and time-consuming. The answer to this industry problem is a riser that is manufactured from an aluminum alloy. Drilling activity off the coast of Brazil and in the Gulf of Mexico confirms that replacing the conventional line-pipe grades of high-strength steel with a lighter weight aluminum alloy riser allows existing rigs to drill in greater water depths without incurring costly and extensive rig modifications. This paper presents the successful use of aluminum alloy risers onboard the drillship Noble Leo Segerius from January 2003 until the present. Aluminum alloy riser operations in Brazil since January 2003 have occurred in the following conditions: Water depth ranging from 1000 m to 1500 m Mud weights up to 11.5 PPG Currents ranging from 2.5 knots at surface to 1 knot at seabed Top tension between 180 T total and 350 T total Rig moves with BOP suspended below the rig on full riser string Use of the aluminum alloy risers increases an existing rig's potential water depth capability by 40%. Because the existing rig can be outfitted with the lighter-weight and overall less-expensive riser system with no modification to its structure, considerable savings in cost and time are realized along with the increase in water depth capability. With the operation of numerous existing rigs in areas like offshore Brazil and the Gulf of Mexico, the potential for this technology is significant to all who anticipate deepwater drilling.
Improving Pedestrian Detection in Crowds With Synthetic Occlusion Images (2018)

Pedestrian detection has been boosted significantly with the rise of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, detecting pedestrians in crowded scenes still remains challenging. Numerous efforts have been invested to handle occlusion with domain knowledge, such as occlusion reasoning, non-maximum suppression, etc. Unlike existing works, in this paper we propose a simple yet effective method to handle crowded scenes, i.e., synthesizing more occlusion images, which also enables an empirical analysis on the impact of the amount of occlusion data. We emphasize that a regular CNN detector has not reach its full potential for handling occlusion due to lack of occlusion examples. With synthetic occlusion images, we achieve a state-of-the-art performance on heavy occlusion scenes.
Visual Reconstruction (1987)

Visual Reconstruction presents a unified and highly original approach to the treatment of continuity in vision. It introduces, analyzes, and illustrates two new concepts. The first—the weak continuity constraint—is a concise, computational formalization of piecewise continuity. It is a mechanism for expressing the expectation that visual quantities such as intensity, surface color, and surface depth vary continuously almost everywhere, but with occasional abrupt changes. The second concept—the graduated nonconvexity algorithm—arises naturally from the first. It is an efficient, deterministic (nonrandom) algorithm for fitting piecewise continuous functions to visual data. The book first illustrates the breadth of application of reconstruction processes in vision with results that the authors' theory and program yield for a variety of problems. The mathematics of weak continuity and the graduated nonconvexity (GNC) algorithm are then developed carefully and progressively. Contents Modeling Piecewise Continuity • Applications of Piecewise Continuous Reconstruction • Introducing Weak Continuity Constraints • Properties of the Weak String and Membrane • Properties of Weak Rod and Plate • The Discrete Problem • The Graduated Nonconvexity (GNC) Algorithm • Appendixes: Energy Calculations for the String and Membrane • Noise Performance of the Weak Elastic String • Energy Calculations for the Rod and Plate • Establishing Convexity • Analysis of the GNC Algorithm Visual Reconstruction is included in the Artificial Intelligence series, edited by Michael Brady and Patrick Winston.