gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis on the effect of extinction ratio in birefringent measurement by phase-stepping method (2012)

The theoretical and experimental analysis on the effects of extinction ratios of linear polarizer and analyzer in the measurement of birefringent retardance by a five-step phase-shifting method based on the plane polariscope is presented. Stokes vector and Mueller matrix are the tools used to perform this theoretical analysis. The theoretical analysis show that the coefficients of extinction ratios of linear polarizer and analyzer in plane polariscopic configuration can be eliminated by phase shifting and will not introduce errors with our proposed five-step method. A mica quarter waveplate with previously given phase retardation is tested and evaluated. The experimental comparison has been made between the calcite Glan-Thompson based system with extremely high extinction ratios and plastic Polaroid film based system with relatively lower extinction ratios. The experimental results show that there is no significant difference between the measured values from these two systems, which agrees well with the conclusion of theoretical analysis. Also, good experimental accuracy and repeatability are achieved as well by the proposed five-step phase-shifting method.
Antigen-specific immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: where are we now, and where do we go from here? (2016)

Antigen-specific immunotherapies have long been pursued as a means to improve the outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Success thus far has been limited, and many therapeutics have either been ineffective in the clinic or have an uncertain impact on patient outcomes. Only the CD33 antibody-drug conjugate gemtuzumab ozogamicin provided benefit in randomized studies. Here, we briefly review where we currently are with antigen-specific AML immunotherapy and where we might go from here. Besides the exploration of novel target antigens, ongoing preclinical and clinical efforts aim to improve existing immunotherapy modalities and focus on developing novel therapeutics such as bispecific antibodies and gene-modified immune effector cells. Ultimately, clinical studies need to address the question of ideal target(s) in AML, a disease of great antigenic diversity, and clarify how the upcoming immunotherapeutics should be best used and what level of supportive care is required for their safe administration.
Acute effects of high-density lipoproteins: biochemical basis and clinical findings (2008)

Administration of synthetic high-density lipoproteins has proven to be effective in promoting atherosclerosis regression not only in animal models, but also in humans. Applications to other areas of cardiovascular disease, such as restenosis and ischemia/reperfusion, have only, up to now, been tested in experimental models.
A combination of calcium ionophore and puromycin effectively produces human parthenogenones with one haploid pronucleus (2001)

Parthenogenetic activation with various combinations of the calcium ionophore A23187 and protein synthesis or phosphorylation inhibitors was investigated as a means of producing human parthenogenones with one haploid pronucleus. Unfertilised human aged oocytes exposed to 5 microM A23187 for 5 min were treated with 10 microg/ml puromycin (puromycin group, 46 oocytes) or 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (DMAP group, 42 oocytes) for 5 h. Oocytes treated only with A23187 served as a control (control group, 40 oocytes). After washing the oocytes, they were incubated for up to 37 h. Evidence of activation (pronuclear formation) and cleavage was observed 18 h and 42 h after A23187 treatment, respectively. Activation rates in the puromycin and DMAP groups were significantly higher than in the control group (91% (42/46) and 77% (34/44) vs 20% (8/40), p < 0.05, respectively). In the puromycin group, 81% (34/42) of the activated oocytes showed one pronucleus with the second polar body (2ndPB), whereas none (0/34) of the activated oocytes in the DMAP group extruded the 2ndPB. The cleavage rate in the puromycin group was significantly lower than in the DMAP group (38% vs 68%, p < 0.05). The activated oocytes which had one pronucleus with the 2ndPB in the puromycin group showed a haploid set of chromosomes (10/13). In conclusion, the combination of A23187 and puromycin is effective for producing human parthenogenones with one haploid pronucleus.
A MINIATURIZED PROCESS GAS CHROMATOGRAPH - EXPANDING PROCESS CONTROL BY LOWERING COST OF OWNERSHIP (2002)

Traditionally, on-line Process Gas Chromatographs are utilized for multi stream analysis inside centrally located analyzer shelters in order to get reproducible and stable process stream data with an acceptable price-benefit ratio. Frequently specific sampling points are disregarded because the cost of a specific analysis is adverse or not as cost expedient to the process control benefit as desired. A compact and miniaturized on-line Process Gas Chromatographs applying silicon wafer technology for the analytical and electronic module can be used effectively and economically for single sampling points. Due to reduced utility requirements and locating the device very close to the sampling point and therefore minimizing sample extraction quantity, operating costs are reduced. On-line time is ensured by utilizing exchangeable standardized analytical modules or by entire analyzer exchange that minimizes on site activities greatly. Due to reducing environmental influences on analyzer performance, climate controlled requirements can be scaled down. Consequently, the significant reduction of cost in ownership of such an analytical device permits the utilization at sampling points not yet considered. Such sampling points include remote sampling points that are either too far away or where the sample would change during transport or where sample extraction quantity can be greatly minimized from Gallons/minute to ml/min by having the analyzer mounted at the sampling point. Other applications include sampling points that are critical for process control during process start up or process upsets to quickly return to stable high throughput and high efficient conditions. Cost effective temporary installations can be utilized to greatly enhance process mapping efficiency for predictive process control optimization.
La diversificación turística como estrategia clave para la reactivación de destinos consolidados del litoral: la reinvención de Cullera (España) (2011)

Cullera representa uno de los primeros destinos vacacionales que se desarrollaron en la costa mediterranea al amparo del turismo masivo de sol y playa. Desde los anos sesenta del siglo pasado, Cullera se convirtio en uno de los destinos predilectos para la demanda vacacional del centro de Espana y para muchos mercados europeos entre los que destacaba el frances. A partir de los anos noventa, Cullera empieza a estancarse ante la aparicion de nuevos destinos competidores y el aletargamiento de la oferta turistica local. Con el cambio de siglo, el destino empieza a trabajar en la diversificacion de productos turisticos como una ventaja comparativa y competitiva, que resulta totalmente factible gracias a la disponibilidad innata, variedad y singularidad de recursos potencialmente turisticos y susceptibles de articularse como nuevos productos con capacidad desestacionalizadora. En este sentido, planes y programas como el Plan de Dinamizacion del Producto Turistico “Cullera de Nou” (financiado de forma tripartita por el Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio, la Conselleria de Turisme y el Ayuntamiento de Cullera), el Plan “Cullera Impuls” (financiado por los fondos europeos FEDER), o el Programa 1% Cultural (financiado a traves del Ministerio de Fomento), han resultado claves para poner en funcionamiento cuatro productos altamente competitivos: el turismo gastronomico basado en la elaboracion tradicional de arroces; el turismo natural desarrollado al amparo espacios marjalencos y extensos arrozales; el turismo nautico en la desembocadura del rio Jucar, la costa brava y las interminables playas de Cullera; y el turismo cultural vinculado a un rico y singular patrimonio historico tanto material como inmaterial. El objetivo de la presente comunicacion pasa por analizar la evolucion del destino, las razones de su estancamiento y el efecto dinamizador que pueden suponer las politicas publicas y experiencias publico-privadas puestas en funcionamiento para la reactivacion de la actividad turistica de Cullera.
Distinct Expression Pattern of a Deafness Gene,<i>KIAA1199</i>, in a Primate Cochlea (2016)

Deafness is one of the most common types of congenital impairments, and at least half of the cases are caused by hereditary mutations. Mutations of the gene KIAA1199 are associated with progressive hearing loss. Its expression is abundant in human cochlea, but interestingly the spatial expression patterns are different between mouse and rat cochleae; the pattern in humans has not been fully investigated. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of a nonhuman primate, common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), cochlea with a KIAA1199-specific antibody. In the common marmoset cochlea, KIAA1199 protein expression was more widespread than in rodents, with all epithelial cells, including hair cells, expressing KIAA1199. Our results suggest that the primate pattern of KIAA1199 expression is wider in comparison with rodents and may play an essential role in the maintenance of cochlear epithelial cells.
Electric Field-Induced Transmembrane Potential Depends on Cell Density and Organizatio (1998)

AbstractElectrochemotherapy is a novel technique to enhance the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into tumor cells. In this procedure, electric pulses are delivered to cancerous cells, which induce membrane permeabilization, to facilitate the passage of cytotoxic drugs through the cell membrane. This study examines how electric fields interact with and polarize a system of cells. Specifically, we consider how cell density and organization impact on induced cell transmembrane potential due to an external electric field. First, in an infinite volume of spherical cells, we examined how cell packing density impacts on induced transmembrane potential. With high cell density, we found that maximum induced transmembrane potential is suppressed and that the transmembrane potential distribution is altered. Second, we considered how orientation of cell sheets and strands, relative to the applied field, affects induced transmembrane potential. Cells that are parallel to the field direction suppress induced transmembrane potential, and those that lie perpendicular to the applied field potentiate its effect. Generally, we found that both cell density and cell organization are very important in determining the induced transmembrane potential resulting from an applied electric field.Key Words: Electric field stimulationElectrochemotherapyElectropermeabilizationElectrode configurationFinite element modeling
Gradation Stitching Exposure for Step-and-Scan Projection Printing System (1998)

A new step-and-scan exposure method for enlarging the field size is proposed. The design and fabrication of projection exposure optics with a large field is difficult, especially for short wavelengths, and the exposure field should be kept as small as possible for obtaining high resolution, insuring sufficient depth of focus and decreasing the distortion of the optics. However, developing more advanced devices requires large chips. Thus, field stitching is investigated to resolve this inconsistency. In the new method, by generating gradation at the stitched boundaries and keeping the overlapping length long, the exposure dose continuity becomes very good, and stitching notches do not form. However, intensity distribution degradation, pattern position shift and contrast deterioration, which are dependent on stitching errors, should be taken into consideration to maintain the pattern quality within an acceptable range. Calculations indicate that the stitching errors should be suppressed to below about 0.2 u , where u =λ/2 NA is comparable to the resolution limit.
Immune Responses in Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis-Lesioned Rats Exposed to Chronic Isolation Stress (2000)

The present study was designed to establish the influence of chronic social isolation stress on humoral and cellular immunity in nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM)-lesioned rats. Therefore, ten days after bilateral electrolytic lesions of NBM, adult male Wistar rats were immunized with bovine serum albumin in complete Freund's adjuvant (BSA-CFA) and placed individually or in groups of five rats during 21 days. On days 10 and 21 after immunization, the Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to BSA as well as anti-BSA antibody production were determined. On day 10, the diameter and intensity of delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to BSA were significantly higher in social-isolated rats in comparison with the group-reared ones. On day 21, the diameter and intensity of the Arthus skin reaction were significantly higher in social-isolated rats compared to group-reared rats. Between days 10 and 21, the diameter and intensity of the Arthus skin reaction significantly increased in social-isolated rats, while the diameter of delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction significantly decreased. In contrast to social-isolated rats, there were no significant differences in Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions in group-reared rats, between days 10 and 21. Also there were no significant differences in the production of anti-BSA antibody between social-isolated and group-reared rats. The relative spleen weight was significantly lower in social-isolated rats. These data suggest that chronic isolation stress modify humoral and cellular immunity in NBM-lesioned rats.
Leveraging motion capture and 3D scanning for high-fidelity facial performance acquisition (2011)

This paper introduces a new approach for acquiring high-fidelity 3D facial performances with realistic dynamic wrinkles and fine-scale facial details. Our approach leverages state-of-the-art motion capture technology and advanced 3D scanning technology for facial performance acquisition. We start the process by recording 3D facial performances of an actor using a marker-based motion capture system and perform facial analysis on the captured data, thereby determining a minimal set of face scans required for accurate facial reconstruction. We introduce a two-step registration process to efficiently build dense consistent surface correspondences across all the face scans. We reconstruct high-fidelity 3D facial performances by combining motion capture data with the minimal set of face scans in the blendshape interpolation framework. We have evaluated the performance of our system on both real and synthetic data. Our results show that the system can capture facial performances that match both the spatial resolution of static face scans and the acquisition speed of motion capture systems.
Kinds of Accidents and Kinds of Injuries—Ambiguities in the Remoteness Rule in Negligence (1971)

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Tetraarylboronic Acid Resorcinarene Stereoisomers. Versatile New Substrates for Divergent Polyfunctionalization and Molecular Recognition (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTetraarylboronic Acid Resorcinarene Stereoisomers. Versatile New Substrates for Divergent Polyfunctionalization and Molecular RecognitionPatrick T. Lewis, Claude J. Davis, Marcelo C. Saraiva, W. Dale Treleaven, Tracy D. McCarley, and Robert M. StronginView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 18, 6110–6111Publication Date (Web):September 5, 1997Publication History Received6 June 1997Published online5 September 1997Published inissue 1 September 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9709965https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9709965rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views534Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Carbohydrates,Molecular structure,Noncovalent interactions,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Estrogen Receptor Subtype-Selective Ligands:  Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-5,11-Dialkyl- 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysenes (1999)

We have recently reported that racemic 5,11-cis-diethyl-5,6,11, 12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol (THC, rac-2b) acts as an agonist on estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and as a complete antagonist on estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) (Sun et al. Endocrinology 1999, 140, 800-804). To further investigate this novel ER subtype-selective estrogenic activity, we have synthesized a series of cis- and trans-dialkyl THCs. cis-Dimethyl, -diethyl, and -dipropyl THCs 2a-c were prepared in a highly enantio- and diastereoselective manner by the acyloin condensation of enantiomerically pure alpha-alkyl-beta-arylpropionic esters, followed by a Lewis acid-mediated double cyclization under conditions of minimal epimerization. ERalpha and ERbeta binding affinity of both cis and trans isomers of dimethyl, diethyl, and dipropyl THCs was determined in competitive binding assays, and their transcriptional activity was determined in reporter gene assays in mammalian cells. Nearly all THCs examined were found to be affinity-selective for ERbeta. All these THCs are agonists on ERalpha, and THCs with small substituents are agonists on both ERalpha and ERbeta. As substituent size was increased, ERbeta-selective antagonism developed first in the (R,R)-cis enantiomer series and finally in the trans diastereomer and (S,S)-cis enantiomer series. The most potent and selective ligand was identified as (R,R)-cis-diethyl THC 2b, which mimicked the ERbeta-selective antagonist character of racemic cis-diethyl THC 2b. This study illustrates that the antagonist character in THC ligands for ERbeta depends in a progressive way on the size and geometric disposition of substituent groups and suggests that the induction of an antagonist conformation in ERbeta can be achieved with these ligands with less steric perturbation than in ERalpha. Furthermore, antagonists that are selectively effective on ERbeta can have structures that are very different from the typical antiestrogens tamoxifen and raloxifene, which are antagonists on both ERalpha and ERbeta.
Exploiting Redundancy to Achieve Lossy Text Compression (2010)

Regardless of the source language, text documents contain significant amount of redundancy. Data compression exploits this redundancy to improve transmission efficiency and/or save storage space. Conventionally, various lossless text compression algorithms have been introduced for critical applications, where any loss after recovery is intolerable. For non-critical applications, i.e. where data loss to some extent is acceptable, one may employ lossy compression to acquire superior efficiency. We use three recent techniques to achieve character-oriented lossy text compression: Letter Mapping (LM), Dropped Vowels (DV), and Replacement of Characters (RC), and use them as a front end anticipating to improve compression performance of conventional compression algorithms. We implement the scheme on English and Turkish sample texts and compare the results. Additionally, we include performance improvement rates for these models when used as a front end to Huffman and Arithmetic Coding algorithms. As for the future work, we propose several ideas to further improve the current performance of each model.
Automatically Detect and Track Multiple Fish Swimming in Shallow Water with Frequent Occlusion (2014)

Due to its universality, swarm behavior in nature attracts much attention of scientists from many fields. Fish schools are examples of biological communities that demonstrate swarm behavior. The detection and tracking of fish in a school are of important significance for the quantitative research on swarm behavior. However, different from other biological communities, there are three problems in the detection and tracking of fish school, that is, variable appearances, complex motion and frequent occlusion. To solve these problems, we propose an effective method of fish detection and tracking. In this method, first, the fish head region is positioned through extremum detection and ellipse fitting; second, The Kalman filtering and feature matching are used to track the target in complex motion; finally, according to the feature information obtained by the detection and tracking, the tracking problems caused by frequent occlusion are processed through trajectory linking. We apply this method to track swimming fish school of different densities. The experimental results show that the proposed method is both accurate and reliable.
Hypoxia Activated Prodrugs of a 9-Aza-anthrapyrazole Derivative That Has Promising Anticancer Activity (2011)

Mono- and bis-N-oxides of a 9-aza-anthrapyrazole derivative having two 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl appendages were prepared by using a mild oxaziridine reagent. Biochemical and cell culture assays indicate that the bis-oxide is an inactive prodrug that readily converts to the active parent molecule under hypoxic conditions that are analogous to those present within certain tumors.
Blood Flow, Oxygen Consumption, Carbon-Dioxide Production, and Blood-Calcium and pH Changes in Tibial Fractures in Dogs (1969)

Estimation, by ten-minute clearance of 85Sr, of the blood flow in dogs' tibiae with healing fractures showed an increase in flow the first day after fracture and, at approximately two weeks, a maximum of almost six times mean normal flow. This maximum was followed by a decrease to approximately three and one-half times that of normal at three weeks, maintenance of this level until eight to ten weeks, and then return to more normal values as healing and remodeling neared completion at twelve weeks. In a fracture with delayed union, blood flow at thirteen weeks was still approximately four times that of normal. In eight dogs, no significant difference was found in the 85Sr extraction by the fractured tibia and by the control, indicating that the avidity for 85Sr on the fractured side was not significantly increased. This was also true at twelve weeks in a delayed union. No consistent changes were observed its the arterial-venous differences in oxygen content, pO2, pCO2, or pH when blood from the fractured tibia was compared with that from the control side. Oxygen consumption and CO2 production, however, must have increase because blood flow was invariably increased.
Energy efficiency of modern cellular base stations (2007)

By improving the energy efficiency of base stations in cellular networks, a great savings can be obtained in both environmental and cost point of view. Methods dealing with improved transmitter efficiency, system features, fresh air cooling, alternative energy sources and energy saving during low traffic are given in this paper.