gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a wireless measurement system for use in wireless power transfer applications for implants (2017)

The performance of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems is a function of many parameters such as resonance matching, coil quality factor, system impedance match, and others. When designing and testing WPT systems, reliable measurement of system performance is essential. In our application, we use WPT to power biomedical implants for telemetry acquisition from small rodents, where rodent behavior data is used to study disease models. Such an application employs a large primary coil and a much smaller moving secondary coil, which can be defined as a loosely coupled WPT (LCWPT) system. This paper presents a novel wireless measurement system (WMS) that is used to collect real-time performance data from the secondary circuit (implant), while testing LCWPT systems. Presently, measuring the performance of the secondary side of LCWPT systems while they are in operation can be problematic. The literature reports various measurement errors when using voltage/current probes, or coaxial cables placed directly into the primary magnetic field. We have designed the WMS to greatly reduce such measurement errors, where the WMS measures the induced voltage (and hence received power) and relays this information by radio. Experiments were done to test the WMS, as well as comparison with cable-based measurements.
Relevance heuristics for program analysis (2008)

Relevance heuristics allow us to tailor a program analysis to a particular property to be verified. This in turn makes it possible to improve the precision of the analysis where needed, while maintaining scalability. In this talk I will discuss the principles by which SAT solvers and other decision procedures decide what information is relevant to a given proof. Then we will see how these ideas can be exploited in program verification using the method of Craig interpolation. The result is an analysis that is finely tuned to prove a given property of a program. At the end of the talk, I will cover some recent research in this area, including the use of interpolants for verifying heap-manipulating programs.
Spectrum-Based Kernel Length Estimation for Gaussian Process Classification (2013)

Recent studies have shown that Gaussian process (GP) classification, a discriminative supervised learning approach, has achieved competitive performance in real applications compared with most state-of-the-art supervised learning methods. However, the problem of automatic model selection in GP classification, involving the kernel function form and the corresponding parameter values (which are unknown in advance), remains a challenge. To make GP classification a more practical tool, this paper presents a novel spectrum analysis-based approach for model selection by refining the GP kernel function to match the given input data. Specifically, we target the problem of GP kernel length scale estimation. Spectrums are first calculated analytically from the kernel function itself using the autocorrelation theorem as well as being estimated numerically from the training data themselves. Then, the kernel length scale is automatically estimated by equating the two spectrum values, i.e., the kernel function spectrum equals to the estimated training data spectrum. Compared with the classical Bayesian method for kernel length scale estimation via maximizing the marginal likelihood (which is time consuming and could suffer from multiple local optima), extensive experimental results on various data sets show that our proposed method is both efficient and accurate.
Model-Based Deep Learning for Reconstruction of Joint k-q Under-sampled High Resolution Diffusion MRI (2020)

We propose a model-based deep learning architecture for the reconstruction of highly accelerated diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that enables high resolution imaging. The proposed reconstruction jointly recovers all the diffusion weighted images in a single step from a joint k-q under-sampled acquisition in a parallel MRI setting. We propose the novel use of a pre-trained denoiser as a regularizer in a model-based reconstruction for the recovery of highly under-sampled data. Specifically, we designed the denoiser based on a general diffusion MRI tissue microstructure model for multi-compartmental modeling. By using a wide range of biologically plausible parameter values for the multi-compartmental microstructure model, we simulated diffusion signal that spans the entire microstructure parameter space. A neural network was trained in an unsupervised manner using an autoencoder to learn the diffusion MRI signal subspace. We employed the autoencoder in a model-based reconstruction and show that the autoencoder provides a strong denoising prior to recover the q-space signal. We show reconstruction results on a simulated brain dataset that shows high acceleration capabilities of the proposed method.
High current characteristics of asymmetrical p-i-n diodes having low forward voltage drops (1976)

A closed form solution for the forward characteristics of a very asymmetrical step-junction p-i-n diode at high current levels is derived and discussed. It is found that the forward voltage decreases significantly when the amount of the impurities per unit area of one of the highly doped regions is reduced. The theory is confirmed by experiment, and the diodes obtained show a low forward loss together with high reverse blocking voltage and fast reverse recovery.
Regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human vascular smooth muscle cells. (1994)

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin are inducible proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion. Immunohistochemical studies have indicated that human atherosclerotic plaques contain smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that express ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Recently, we demonstrated that SMCs in culture express a functionally active cytokine-inducible ICAM-1. SMCs and mononuclear cells participate in the local accumulation of cytokines and related growth factors in atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, we determined the effects of different cytokines and growth factors on mRNA content and cell surface expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin in cultured human aortic SMCs by Northern blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification, and immunofluorescence flow cytometry. Under basal conditions of cultivation, both VCAM-1 mRNA and membrane expression of VCAM-1 were low and were induced very little by interleukin-1 beta (100 U/mL). Platelet-derived growth factor or transforming growth factor-beta decreased VCAM-1 mRNA basal expression. Treatment of SMCs with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) led to an increase in both VCAM-1 mRNA and cell surface expression for VCAM-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interferon-gamma induced a weak increase in VCAM-1 mRNA expression, with no synergistic effect on the stimulation by TNF-alpha. Various differences were noted between the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 genes, because interleukin-1 beta induced substantial amounts of ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1. The addition of interferon-gamma delays the time at which peak expression of ICAM-1 in response to TNF-alpha stimulation occurs. Under our conditions, we did not detect any expression of E-selectin by SMCs. These results suggest that cytokines regulate VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression on arterial SMCs and could play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory and immune processes in atherosclerosis.
Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase (1982)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Properties of the Mammalian Enzyme Mechanism Studies Control Mechanisms
7-Azabenzonorbornadiene<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT7-Azabenzonorbornadiene1Louis A. Carpino and Donald E. BarrCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 3, 764–767Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01341a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01341a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views723Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of polyhedral arsaboranes and their metal derivatives (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of polyhedral arsaboranes and their metal derivativesTimothy P. Hanusa, Nuria Roig de Parisi, John G. Kester, Aheda Arafat, and Lee J. ToddCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 24, 4100–4102Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00271a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00271a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Moment forms invariant to rotation and blur in arbitrary number of dimensions (2003)

We present the construction of combined blur and rotation moment invariants in arbitrary number of dimensions. Moment invariants to convolution with an arbitrary centrosymmetric filter are derived first, and then their rotationally invariant forms are found by means of group representation theory to achieve the desired combined invariance. Several examples of the invariants are calculated explicitly to illustrate the proposed procedure. Their invariance, robustness, and capability of using in template matching and in image registration are demonstrated on 3D MRI data and 2D indoor images.
Relationship of UV exposure to prevalence of multiple sclerosis in England (2011)

UVB exposure and IM together can explain a substantial proportion of the variance of MS. The effect of UVB on generating vitamin D seems the most likely candidate for explaining its relationship with MS. There is a pressing need to investigate the role of vitamin D and EBV and how they might interact to influence MS risk to identify potential prevention strategies.
Hetero-Epitaxial Growth of Lower Boron Phosphide on Silicon Substrate Using PH<sub>3</sub>-B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>System (1973)

Single crystal of lower boron phosphide (B13P2) with hexagonal structure was obtained hetero-epitaxially on silicon substrate. Diborane (B2H6) and phosphine (PH3) diluted in hydrogen were used as reactant gases. The substrate temperatures were between 1050°C and 1250°C and the molecular ratio of reactants to carrier hydrogen was below 3.2×10-4. The epitaxial relations were: B13P2(110)/Si(100), B13P2(110)/Si(110) and B13P2(100)/Si(111). The lower boron phosphide was a transparent film and its resistivity was measured as 1×108 Ω-cm at room temperature.
An Ultra-Thin Hybrid Floating Gate Concept for Sub-20nm NAND Flash Technologies (2011)

A nonvolatile memory structure with hybrid (poly/metal) floating gate in combination with an Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> interpoly dielectric is investigated for sub-20nm scaling. Floating gate thickness scaling down to only 5nm with excellent program/erase performance and reliability is demonstrated to address the issue of increased cell-to-cell interference. It is further shown that a hybrid floating gate also offers great benefit when used in combination with ONO, which still is the conventional interpoly dielectric layer used in state-of-the-art floating gate Flash memories.
Parasitism of Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne javanica by Hirsutella rhossiliensis in Microplots over Two Growing Seasons. (1993)

Numbers of cyst and root-knot nematodes and percentage parasitism by the nematophagous fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis were quantified in microplots over 2 years. The microplots contained either sugarbeets in loam infested with Heterodera schachtii or tomatoes in sand infested with Meloidogyne javanica. The fungus was added to half of the microplots for each crop. Although H. rhossiliensis established in both microplot soils, the percentage of nematodes parasitized did not increase with nematode density and nematode numbers were not affected by the fungus. The results indicate that long-term interactions between populations of the fungus and cyst or root-knot nematodes will not result in biological control.
Accurate time delay estimation based on SINC filtering (2003)

Time delay estimation is very important in many applications such as radar, sonar, communication, geological exploration, biomedical engineering, etc. We propose a SINC filtering algorithm (SFA), i.e., one based on the sinc function. The algorithm can get an accurate time delay estimate with little or no prior knowledge about the statistical characteristics of the received signals. SFA is based on the theory that time delay estimation can be transformed to the parameter estimation of a SINC filter, and the time delay estimate can be obtained when the maximum of the filter coefficients is known. When the time delay of two received signals is formulated, the LMS algorithm can be used to get the estimate of the SINC filter coefficients, then the time delay estimate can be obtained. Compared with the traditional parabolic fitting method, the SFA can get more accurate results without increasing the computation burden. Computer simulations and water tank experiments both indicate that the SFA can obtain accurate time delay estimation.
Fine Structure and Gelling Ability of Polyvinyl Chloride Powders (1961)

ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)粉末のPVC-可塑剤系におけるゲル化性と,微細構造との間の関連性を研究するのが本報告の目的である。プラストグラフにおけるゲル化時間,ならびに可塑剤吸収速度をゲル化性の尺度とした。PVC粉末の微細構造に関してはかさ比重,見掛け比重,真比重,密度分布の測定を行なった。見掛け比重測定には真空装置を使用し,水銀を充填液とした。ゲル化性と見掛け比重との間にはよい相関性があるが, ゲル化性と真比重との間には認められない。種々の点から考察して,見掛け比重はPVC粉末表面の多孔質性を表わすよい尺度であり,ポリマー-可塑剤系におけるゲル化性はこの多孔質性に非常に依存する。
Two-best user scheduling for high-speed downlink multicode CDMA with code constraint (2005)

This paper addresses the issue on how the code constraint affects the design of scheduling when multicode CDMA with high-order modulation is adopted for downlink best-effort packet data. For this, two-best user scheduling is proposed for proper trade-off between sum-rate throughput and short-term fairness, while the code and power constraints are effective along with high-order modulation over multicode. To clearly show the trade-off, conventional pure opportunistic, proportional fair, and round robin schedulings are compared with the proposed one, for which a theoretical framework for evaluation of the sum-rate throughput is developed to derive a closed-form formula, taking into account both short-term and long-term fadings.
A key role for vesicles in fungal secondary metabolism (2009)

Eukaryotes have evolved highly conserved vesicle transport machinery to deliver proteins to the vacuole. In this study we show that the filamentous fungus Aspergillus parasiticus employs this delivery system to perform new cellular functions, the synthesis, compartmentalization, and export of aflatoxin; this secondary metabolite is one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens known. Here we show that a highly pure vesicle-vacuole fraction isolated from A. parasiticus under aflatoxin-inducing conditions converts sterigmatocystin, a late intermediate in aflatoxin synthesis, to aflatoxin B(1); these organelles also compartmentalize aflatoxin. The role of vesicles in aflatoxin biosynthesis and export was confirmed by blocking vesicle-vacuole fusion using 2 independent approaches. Disruption of A. parasiticus vb1 (encodes a protein homolog of AvaA, a small GTPase known to regulate vesicle fusion in A. nidulans) or treatment with Sortin3 (blocks Vps16 function, one protein in the class C tethering complex) increased aflatoxin synthesis and export but did not affect aflatoxin gene expression, demonstrating that vesicles and not vacuoles are primarily involved in toxin synthesis and export. We also observed that development of aflatoxigenic vesicles (aflatoxisomes) is strongly enhanced under aflatoxin-inducing growth conditions. Coordination of aflatoxisome development with aflatoxin gene expression is at least in part mediated by Velvet (VeA), a global regulator of Aspergillus secondary metabolism. We propose a unique 2-branch model to illustrate the proposed role for VeA in regulation of aflatoxisome development and aflatoxin gene expression.
Anti-ischemic therapy and stress testing: pathophysiologic, diagnostic and prognostic implications (2004)

Anti-ischemic therapy, in particular beta-blockers, is the most commonly employed drug for the control of myocardial ischemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Its widespread use also in patients with suspected coronary artery disease has important practical, clinical diagnostic and prognostic implications because diagnostic tests are heavily influenced by its effects. In the present review, the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemia protection by antianginal therapy are described. Not all stressors are created equal in front of the different classes of antianginal drugs and on their turn the different classes of drugs exert different levels of protection on inducible ischemia. Several clinical implications can be drawn: From the diagnostic viewpoint antianginal therapy decreases test sensitivity, offsetting the real ischemic burden for a too high percentage of false negative tests. From the prognostic viewpoint test positivity in medical therapy identifies a group of subjects at higher risk of experiencing cardiac death and positivity on medical therapy can be considered a parameter of ischemia severity. Nonetheless in patients with known coronary artery disease the ability of antianginal therapy to modify the ischemic threshold at stress testing represent a powerful means to assess therapy efficacy. From a practical viewpoint, the use of antianginal therapy at time of testing has advantages and disadvantages which are largely dependent on the purpose a test is performed: if the purpose of testing is to diagnose ischemia, it should be performed in the absence of antianginal medications. If the purpose of testing is to assess the protective effects of antianginal therapy, the test should be performed on medications.
The Relationship between Viscous Criterion and Lung Injuries in a Relatively Static Impact Pattern (1996)

Aim: To sudy pathological characteristics, distribution, dose effect relationship and mechanisms of the lung injuries under different impacting conditions. Methods: We established an animal experimental model of thoracic lateral impact injury in a relatively static impact pattern, measured the parameters of impact and dynamic response of chest, observed the relationships between the parameters and both the distribution and severity of injuries, and analyzed the mechanisms of the injuries. Results: The predominant features of the injured lung were hemorrhage, edema, and collapse. The severity of the injuries in different sites of lung was well correlated with viscous criterion. The severity of bronchial injury was greater than that of alveolar injury when the impact velocity was low, however, it turned out the contrary when the impact velocity was high. The ratio of left/right lung injury scores decreased when the viscous criterion increased. Conclusion: The severity of the injuries in different sites of lung was well correlated with viscous criterion. Impact velocity played an important role in the distribution of injuries.
Lymphokine-activated killer cells in rats. III. A simple method for the purification of large granular lymphocytes and their rapid expansion and conversion into lymphokine-activated killer cells. (1988)

A simple method for the purification and rapid expansion of large granular lymphocytes into cells with efficient broad antitumor cytotoxicity after stimulation by human rIL-2 is described. Nylon-wool nonadherent splenic mononuclear leukocytes from Fischer 344 rats were cultured in medium containing 1,000 U/ml rIL-2. The initial response of a small subpopulation of cells (less than 2%) to rIL-2 was their adherence to the plastic surface. This response was noted as soon as 2 h after addition of rIL-2. 2-h rIL-2-activated plastic adherent lymphocytes were 90-98% LGL, expressed surface markers characteristic of rat NK cells (OX8 [CD8]+, asialo GM1, laminin+, OX19 [CD5]-, R1-3B3 [CD5]-, W3/25 [CD4]-, OX39 [CD25]-, Ia-, and Ig-), and expressed very high levels of cytotoxicity against YAC-1 target cells. In addition to the above markers, plastic-adherent LGLs obtained at 24, 48, or 72 h progressively expressed Ia surface antigens, but were not phagocytic and contained less than 1% monocytes/macrophages by morphology. When 24- or 48-h plastic-adherent LGL/NK cells were cultured over 3-4 d in rIL-2, the cells expanded between 30- and 100-fold, reaching densities between 2-3 X 10(6) cells/ml. These rapidly expanding LGL/NK cells also generated very high levels of LAK activity (including lysis of fresh NK-resistant solid tumor cells), expressed a phenotype characteristic of activated rat NK/LAK cells, and incorporated [3H]TdR into DNA. This technique not only provides a novel method for the purification of LGL/NK cells for in vitro studies but also provides a means for the rapid expansion of highly purified cells with high levels of broad antitumor (LAK) cytotoxicity.