gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking EV and HEV power electronics and electric machines (2013)

This paper presents information from an ongoing benchmarking project being conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and funded by the Department of Energy (DOE). Beginning with the 2004 Toyota Prius, ORNL has benchmarked components from many on-the-road EVs, HEVs, and PHEVs. Detailed design, packaging, and operational assessments are presented on power electronic converters (such as inverters, buck converters, and bi-directional boost converters), electric motors (such as the primary drive motor and generator), and other associated components. Packaging assessments reveal mass, volume, and material compositions, and empirical evaluations provide efficiency, performance, and operational data throughout the entire operation range of each component.
Molecular cloning and genetic organization of C4-dicarboxylate transport genes from Rhizobium leguminosarum (1984)

Cosmids containing C4-dicarboxylate transport (dct) genes were identified from a gene bank of Rhizobium leguminosarum DNA made in the broad-host-range vector pLAFR1 by their ability to complement R. trifolii dct mutants. The dct genes were further characterized by subcloning, restriction site mapping, and transposon Tn5 and Tn7 mutageneses. Three dct loci were identified within a 5.5-kilobase region of DNA, in the order dctA-dctB-dctC. The results suggested that dctA encoded a structural component necessary for C4-dicarboxylate transport, whereas dctB and dctC encoded positive regulatory elements, and that dctA was transcribed divergently from dctB and dctC. Expression of dctA and dctC was obtained from vector promoters in some pLAFR1- and pSUP106-based plasmids.
RF-CMOS-MEMS based frequency-reconfigurable amplifiers (2009)

Chips from a foundry RF process are post-processed to release MEMS passive devices and enable single-chip reconfigurable circuits. A MEMS variable capacitor, capable of 7:1 tuning ratio, reconfigures a narrow-band low-noise amplifier and a power amplifier over a 1 GHz frequency range. A suspended MEMS inductor, with > 50% improvement in Q, lowers amplifier power consumption.
A Study on Development of Lightning and Surge Protection System for Electrical Fire Prevention (2006)

The occurrence frequency of lightning and surge from the weather accident is increasing recently, which the damage scale have been enlarged every year. A protection system development to solve these problems have been risen to a multinational concern field. In this paper, a novel protection system is proposed to restrain lightning and various surges which happen in electricity and communication equipment. The proposed protection system is designed to the structure to restrain the rise of the earth potential which is become to the problem of conventional protection system. The secondary damage as a result does not happen. The practicality of the developed surge protection system is proved through various accident occurrence simulator.
Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to HCOOH over Sub‐2 nm SnO<sub>2</sub> Quantum Wires with Exposed Grain Boundaries (2019)

Electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> could mitigate environmental problems originating from CO<sub>2</sub> emission. Although grain boundaries (GBs) have been tailored to tune binding energies of reaction intermediates and consequently accelerate the CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub> RR), it is challenging to exclusively clarify the correlation between GBs and enhanced reactivity in nanostructured materials with small dimension (<10 nm). Now, sub-2 nm SnO<sub>2</sub> quantum wires (QWs) composed of individual quantum dots (QDs) and numerous GBs on the surface were synthesized and examined for CO<sub>2</sub> RR toward HCOOH formation. In contrast to SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) with a larger electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), the ultrathin SnO<sub>2</sub> QWs with exposed GBs show enhanced current density (j), an improved Faradaic efficiency (FE) of over 80 % for HCOOH and ca. 90 % for C1 products as well as energy efficiency (EE) of over 50 % in a wide potential window; maximum values of FE (87.3 %) and EE (52.7 %) are achieved.
Fort-NoCs (2014)

In this paper, we uncover a novel and imminent threat to an emerging computing paradigm: MPSoCs built with 3rd party IP NoCs. We demonstrate that a compromised NoC (C-NoC) can enable a range of security attacks with an accomplice software component. To counteract these threats, we propose Fort-NoCs, a series of techniques that work together to provide protection from a C-NoC in an MPSoC. Fort-NoCs's foolproof protection disables covert backdoor activation, and reduces the chance of a successful side-channel attack by "clouding" the information obtained by an attacker. Compared to recently proposed techniques, Fort-NoCs offers a substantially better protection with lower overheads.
2A1-G03 Estimation of Hand Stiffness and Equilibrium Point Using EMG for Human Motion Visualization(Sense, Motion and Measurement (1)) (2013)

This research investigates the linearity between hand stiffness and the sum of activity of antagonistic muscles, and the strategy of hand force control from the viewpoint of equilibrium point and stiffness. The ratio of EMGs between antagonistic muscles around a joint is defined as Agonist-Antagonist muscle ratio (A-A ratio), and the sum of the EMGs is defined as Agonist-Antagonist muscle activity (A-A activity). Our previous work showed some relations between A-A ratio and equilibrium point and between A-A activity and stiffness. Based on that work, this paper precisely estimates the hand force direction of the upper limb in a plane. In addition, we clarified the linear relationship between A-A activity and hand stiffness. Accordingly we could estimate the equilibrium points of the hand.
Health-promoting properties of fruit and vegetables (2011)

Fruits and vegetables are among the richest sources of ascorbic acid, other antioxidants and they produce specific bioactive compounds. A general consensus from health experts has confirmed that an increased dietary intake of antioxidant compounds found in most fresh produce types may protect against oxidative damage caused by free radicals and reduce the incidence of certain cancers and chronic diseases. This work collectively discusses and reviews empirical data on the health promoting properties of all fresh produce types, and it provides detailed information on the identity, nature, bioavailability, chemopreventive effects and postharvest stability of specific chemical classes with known bioactive properties. In addition, chapters discuss the various methodologies for extraction, isolation, characterization and quantification of bioactive compounds and the in-vitro and in-vivo anticancer assays.
A Fixed Switching Frequency Predictive Current Control Method for Switched Reluctance Machines (2014)

The paper presents a novel fixed switching frequency predictive current control method for switched reluctance machines (SRM). The proposed deadbeat predictive current controller accurately predicts the required duty ratio for the PWM pulse for a given reference current in each digital time step over the entire speed range of operation. The pulse width depends on the operating conditions, machine parameters and the rotor position. The controller utilizes the machine inductance profile as a function of current and rotor position to accurately predict the required voltage. The control method is studied through computer simulation and followed by experimental validation. The method is suitable for torque ripple sensitive applications requiring accurate tracking of a given current profile and mitigating the audible noise due to the switching of the inverter.
Automated constraint placement to maintain pile shape (2012)

We present a simulation control to support art-directable stacking designs by automatically adding constraints to stabilize the stacking structure. We begin by adapting equilibrium analysis in a local scheme to find "stable" objects of the stacking structure. Next, for stabilizing the structure, we pick suitable objects from those passing the equilibrium analysis and then restrict their DOFs by managing the insertion of constraints on them. The method is suitable for controlling stacking behavior of large scale. Results show that our control method can be used in varied ways for creating plausible animation. In addition, the method can be easily implemented as a plug-in into existing simulation solvers without changing the fundamental operations of the solvers.
X-ray scatter correction for cone-beam CT using moving blocker array (2005)

Scatter correction is an active research topic in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) because CBCT (especially flat-panel detector (FPD) based) systems have large scatter-to-primary ratios. Scatter produces artifact and contrast reduction, and is difficult to model accurately. Direct measurement using a beam blocker array provides accurate scatter estimates. However, since the blocker array also blocks primary radiation, imaging requires a second (or subsequent) scan without the blocker array in place. This approach is inefficient in terms of scanning time and patient dose. To combine accurate scatter estimation and reconstruction into one single scan, a new approach based on an array of moving blockers has been developed. The blocker array moves from projection to projection, such that every detector pixel is not consecutively blocked during the data acquisition, and the missing primary data in the blocker shadows are estimated by interpolation. Using different blocker array trajectories, the algorithm has been evaluated through software phantom studies using Monte Carlo simulations and image processing techniques. Results show that this approach is able to greatly reduce the effect of scatter in the reconstruction. By properly choosing blocker distance and primary data interpolation method, the mean square error of the reconstructed image decreases from 32.3% to 1.13%, and the induced visual artifacts are significantly reduced when a raster-scanning blocker array trajectory is used. Further analysis also shows that artifact arises mostly due to inaccurate scatter estimates, rather than due to interpolation of the primary data.
Nucleotide sequence and organization of the transforming region and large terminal redundancies (LTR) of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) (1982)

Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) is a replication-defective acute leukemia virus, requiring a helper virus to provide the viral proteins essential for synthesis of new infectious virus. The genome of the AMV has undergone a sequence substitution in which a portion of the region normally coding for the "env" protein has been replaced by chicken cellular sequences. These latter sequences are essential for the transforming activity of the virus. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of this region. Examination of the AMV oncogenic sequence revealed an open reading frame starting with the initiation codon ATG within the acquired cellular sequences and terminating with the triplet TAG at a point 33 nucleotides into helper viral sequences to the right of helper-viral-cellular junction. The stretch of 795 nucleotides would code for a protein of 265 amino acids with a molecular weight of 30,000 daltons. The eleven amino acids at the carboxy terminus of such a protein would be derived from the env gene of helper virus.
Cytokine regulation of iron metabolism: effect of low-dose interleukin-2 subcutaneous therapy on ferritin, transferrin and iron blood concentrations in cancer patients. (1993)

It is known that the anemias of chronic diseases, which often occur in neoplastic and in systemic inflammatory disorders, are characterized by high levels of ferritin associated with generally low iron concentrations, by suggesting an iron transfer defect due to unknown factors. Since both chronic inflammatory diseases and advanced neoplasms are characterized by alterations in the endogenous production of cytokines, a possible involvement of interleukins in chronic disease-related anomalies of iron metabolism cannot at present be excluded. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of low-dose IL-2 subcutaneous immunotherapy (3 million IU/day for 6 days/week for 4 weeks) on ferritin, transferring and iron serum levels in cancer patients. Six patients with metastatic gastrointestinal carcinomas were evaluated. Ferritin mean levels significantly decreased during IL-2 treatment, and this finding was associated with a significant increase in transferrin values. Iron mean levels increased in response to IL-2, without, however, significant differences in respect to the pretreatment concentrations. These preliminary data, by showing changes in ferritin, transferrin and iron in cancer patients during the immunotherapy with IL-2, would suggest the existence of a cytokine regulation of iron transfer from tissues to blood, perhaps by modulating the macrophage function.
Predicting Housing Prices Using Structural Attributes and Distance to Nearby Schools (2018)

Objective: Housing is a basic human need and buying one is an important decision that should be made carefully as it leads to future financial commitment. Developing a model that can help buyers make this decision by predicting the price of a house is of extreme importance. This work will investigate to what extent the performance of the predicting model can be improved by taking the distance to nearby schools into account.

Background: Early studies used different types of regression models, each trying to approach the research question in a different way with one thing in common; these models produced good predictions only when the researcher was able to make solid statistical assumptions which required a lot of domain knowledge and experience in statistical modelling.

Methods: To overcome these challenges, this work will use a machine learning approach. It requires no domain knowledge and was proved to produce excellent results even if the data had non-linear relationships. The dataset to be used in this work will include structural attributes like number of bedrooms and bathrooms and one locational attribute which is the distance to the nearest school. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was proved reliable for housing price predictions in earlier research and this work will aim at investigating how the accuracy of such models will change when distance to the nearest school is added to the model.

Results: Two ANN models were built, one that includes the distance to school feature and another model that does not. The results of R squared of the two models were compared to find the one that performed better. The results showed that the model that includes the distance to the nearest school scored 1% less.
On the capacity of cellular systems with MIMO (2002)

It is shown that the mutual information of a single, isolated, multiple transmit and receive antenna array link is maximized by transmitting the maximum number of independent data streams for a flat Rayleigh fading channel with independent fading coefficients for each path. However, if such links mutually interfere, in some cases the overall system mutual information can be increased by transmitting fewer streams.
A predominant role of integrin alpha 4 in the spontaneous development of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. (1994)

To elucidate the role of cell adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and to determine the predominant lymphocytic homing pathway(s) involved in the selective lymphocytic infiltration of pancreatic islets (insulitis), nonobese diabetic mice were treated with monoclonal antibodies specific for the L-selectin and integrin alpha 4 lymphocyte adhesion molecules. Treatment of neonatal mice with either anti-L-selectin or anti-integrin alpha 4 monoclonal antibodies for the first 4 weeks of life led to a significant and long-term protection against spontaneous occurrence of insulitis and diabetes. The same treatment failed to inhibit lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands (sialadenitis). This tissue-specific inhibition of inflammation may be attributed to differences between the pancreas and salivary gland in their expression of endothelial ligands for L-selectin (peripheral vascular addressin) and for integrin alpha 4 (mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1). Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 is highly expressed by vessels within the inflamed islets but was not detected in the salivary glands. In contrast, peripheral vascular addressin- and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1-expressing vessels can be found in almost every area of inflammation within the salivary glands but are seen in only 40-50% of inflamed islets. Anti-L-selectin and anti-integrin alpha 4 treatment had no demonstrable effect on anti-beta-cell autoimmunity or on the immune responses to foreign antigens. Therapeutic treatment with anti-L-selectin after the onset of insulitis from 10 to 14 weeks of age delayed the onset but failed to prevent spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, whereas anti-integrin alpha 4 treatment resulted in a significant and long-lasting suppression of the disease. These data strongly suggest that integrin alpha 4 plays a prominent role in the spontaneous development of insulitis and diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.
Binding of AMP, ADP, and ATP Nucleotides by Polyammonium Macrocycles (1987)

Abstract The macrocyclic polyamines 4 – 6 , when protonated, bind strongly and selectively nucleotides (AMP, ADP, ATP) and pyrophosphate in aqueous solution. The stoichiometry of the complexes formed was determined by titration experiments followed by 31 P‐NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 4 and 5 form 1:1 complexes with ATP, ADP, and pyrophosphate, whereas 6 forms complexes with ATP and ADP involving 2 nucleotides and 1 receptor molecule. The stability constants of these complexes have been determined by pH‐metric measurements. At pH 7, both 5 and 6 give complexes of mainly the fully protonated species 5 . 6H + and 6 . 8H + , whereas 4 yields predominantly complexes of 4 . 5H + and 4 . 4H + .
Physiology of the Renal Interstitium (2015)

Long overlooked as the virtual compartment and then strictly characterized through descriptive morphologic analysis, the renal interstitium has finally been associated with function. With identification of interstitial renin- and erythropoietin-producing cells, the most prominent endocrine functions of the kidney have now been attributed to the renal interstitium. This article reviews the functional role of renal interstitium.
Optimized Comics-Based Storytelling for Temporal Image Sequences (2014)

We propose a system to transform any temporal image sequence into a comics-based presentation, as an effective and interesting storytelling manner. Three main components, including page allocation, layout selection, and speech balloon placement, are respectively formulated as optimization problems, and systematic approaches are proposed to find solutions. Page allocation is viewed as a labeling problem, and the best solution is determined by the genetic algorithm. Importance values of images and predefined layouts are both represented in vector forms, and the best layout is selected by finding the best match between vectors. Feasible solutions of speech balloons constitute a solution space, and the best solution that jointly describes the best locations of all balloons in a page is determined by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Objective evaluation and subjective evaluation are designed from various perspectives to demonstrate effectiveness and superiority of the proposed system.
Chimeric Muscle and Brain Glycogen Phosphorylases Define Protein Domains Governing Isozyme-specific Responses to Allosteric Activation (1995)

Muscle and brain glycogen phosphorylases differ in their responses to activation by phosphorylation and AMP. The muscle isozyme is potently activated by either phosphorylation or AMP. In contrast, the brain isozyme is poorly activated by phosphorylation and its phosphorylated a form is more sensitive to AMP activation when enzyme activity is measured in substrate concentrations and temperatures encountered in the brain. The nonphosphorylated b form of the brain isozyme also differs from the muscle isozyme b form in its stronger affinity and lack of cooperativity for AMP. To identify the structural determinants involved, six enzyme forms, including four chimeric enzymes containing exchanges in amino acid residues 1-88, 89-499, and 500-842 (C terminus), were constructed from rabbit muscle and human brain phosphorylase cDNAs, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified. Kinetic analysis of the b forms indicated that the brain isozyme amino acid 1-88 and 89-499 regions each contribute in an additive fashion to the formation of an AMP site with higher intrinsic affinity but weakened cooperativity, while the same regions of the muscle isozyme each contribute to greater allosteric coupling but weaker AMP affinity. Kinetic analysis of the a forms indicated that the amino acid 89-499 region correlated with the reduced response of the brain isozyme to activation by phosphorylation and the resultant increased sensitivity of the a form to activation by saturating levels of AMP. This isozyme-specific response also correlated with the glycogen affinity of the a forms. Enzymes containing the brain isozyme amino acid 89-499 region exhibited markedly reduced glycogen affinities in the absence of AMP compared to enzymes containing the corresponding muscle isozyme region. Additionally, AMP led to greater increases in glycogen affinity of the former set of enzymes. In contrast, phosphate affinities of all a forms were similar in the absence of AMP and increased approximately the same extent in AMP. The potential importance of a number of isozyme-specific substitutions in these sequence regions is discussed.
Five ways to stay green (2000)

The relationship between carbon income and expenditure over the life of a leaf is described and related to the productivity benefits of altering the timing of senescence initiation. In genetic variants with delayed leaf senescence ('stay-greens') deconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus during leaf senescence is partially or completely prevented. Although the staygreen phenotype is superficially similar in all species and genotypes, the genetic and physiological routes to the trait are diverse. In one type of stay-green, chlorophyll catabolism is disabled. Legumes and monocots with pigment breakdown lesions are discussed. Sorghum is presented as an example of another kind of stay-green in which perennial tendencies have been bred into a monocarpic annual crop species. Transgenic approaches are briefly discussed (enhanced endogenous cytokinins, reduced ethylene production or perception). An alternative route towards making a stay-green phenotype is through quantitative trait mapping and marker-assisted selection. Loci for greenness in pearl millet have been identified, some of which are associated with drought responses or flowering time. Finally the question of the limits on stay-green as a productivity-enhancing character is addressed.
Research on Fault Diagnostic System in CVT Based on UDS (2014)

A communication model of diagnostic network and implementation of unified diagnostic services (UDS) based on controller area network (CAN) bus are presented in this paper, and fault diagnostic function of transmission control unit (TCU), USB- (universal serial bus-) CAN hardware and software modules, and fault diagnostic software based on personal computer (PC) are designed. Model diagnostic method is applied on ratio control, and fault diagnostic system is tested in vehicle.