gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunneling Across a Ferroelectric (2006)

Spontaneously polarized materials through which electrons pass by tunneling may be used in novel electronic devices and may reveal new basic physics at the nanometer scale.
A Rapid Radioimmunoassay Method of Growth Hormone in Dog Plasma (1976)

A rapid and sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) system is described for the measurement of growth hormone (GH) in dog plasma. The method requires only 40 hr and is able to detect concentrations of GH as low as 1.0 ng/ml of dog plasma. Antiserum to canine growth hormone (cGH) prepared in monkeys, exhibited a complete cross-reactivity with porcine GH, suggesting that the latter can substitute cGH in a heterologous radioimmunoassay for cGH. Studies on GH regulation performed with this RIA in the unanesthetized dog showed that this species resembles the primate more than the rat or the rabbit.
The blue phase of liquid crystals (1985)

This review describes the present status of research on the blue phase of cholesteric liquid crystals—a phase state of liquid crystals with unusual properties, whose order parameter exhibits three-dimensional spatial periodicity and which appears in a narrow temperature interval (of the order of 1°). Experimental results and current theoretical models of the blue phase are presented. The phase transitions between the isotropic liquid, the blue phase, and the cholesteric phase are studied using Landau's theory. The discussion of methods for studying the blue phase emphasizes both the most informative optical methods and the theory of the optical properties of the blue phase. It is pointed out that the study of the blue phase is of substantial interest for the physics of the condensed state as a whole, and unsolved problems in this area are briefly discussed.
Creating Collaborative Augmented Reality Experiences for Industry 4.0 Training and Assistance Applications: Performance Evaluation in the Shipyard of the Future (2020)

Industrial Augmented Reality (IAR) is one of the key technologies pointed out by the Industry 4.0 paradigm as a tool for improving industrial processes and for maximizing worker efficiency. Training and assistance are two of the most popular IAR-enabled applications, since they may significantly facilitate, support, and optimize production and assembly tasks in industrial environments. This article presents an IAR collaborative application developed jointly by Navantia, one of the biggest European shipbuilders, and the University of A Coruña (Spain). The analysis, design, and implementation of such an IAR application are described thoroughly so as to enable future developers to create similar IAR applications. The IAR application is based on the Microsoft HoloLens smart glasses and is able to assist and to guide shipyard operators during their training and in assembly tasks. The proposed IAR application embeds a novel collaborative protocol that allows operators to visualize and interact in a synchronized way with the same virtual content. Thus, all operators that share an IAR experience see each virtual object positioned at the same physical spot and in the same state. The collaborative application is first evaluated and optimized in terms of packet communications delay and anchor transmission latency, and then, its validation in a shipyard workshop by Navantia’s operators is presented. The performance results show fast response times for regular packets (less than 5 ms), low interference rates in the 5 GHz band, and an anchor transmission latency of up to 30 s. Regarding the validation tests, they allow for obtaining useful insights and feedback from the industrial operators, as well as clear guidelines that will help future developers to face the challenges that will arise when creating the next generation of IAR applications.
Enantioselective assay of nisoldipine in human plasma by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography combined with gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry: Applications to pharmacokinetics (2001)

Nisoldipine, a second-generation dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, is a racemate compound used in the treatment of hypertension and coronary heart disease. This study presents an enantioselective HPLC-GC-MS method for the analysis of nisoldipine in human plasma and establishes confidence limits for its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Plasma samples were basified and extracted with toluene. The enantiomers were resolved on a Chiralcel OD-H column using hexane-ethanol (97.5:2.5, v/v) and the (+)- and (-)-fractions were collected separately with the diode array detector switched off. For the quantification of the nisoldipine enantiomers a GC-MS with an Ultra 1 Hewlett-Packard column was used with the detector operated in the single-ion monitoring mode with electron-impact ionization (m/z 371.35 and 270.20 for nisoldipine and m/z 360.00 for the internal standard, nitrendipine). The method proved to be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies based on the low quantification limit (0.05 ng/ml for each enantiomer) and the broad linear range (0.05-50.0 ng/ml for each enantiomer). Low coefficients of variation (<15%) were demonstrated for both within-day and between-day assays. No interference from drugs associated with nisoldipine treatment was observed. The enantioselective pilot study on the kinetic disposition of nisoldipine administered in the racemic form to a hypertensive patient using a multiple dose regimen revealed the accumulation of the (+)-enantiomer with an AUC(0-24) (+)/(-) ratio of approximately 8. Both enantiomers were quantified in plasma at a time interval of 24 h. This HPLC-GC-MS method is reliable, selective and sensitive enough to be used in clinical pharmacokinetic studies on the enantioselective disposition of nisoldipine in humans.
Phyllanthusols A and B, Cytotoxic Norbisabolane Glycosides from <i>Phyllanthus </i><i>a</i><i>cidus</i> Skeels (2000)

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;and National Center for Genetic Engineering andBiotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science andTechnology Development Agency (NSTDA), 73/1,Rama VI Rd., Rajdhevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailandprasat@biotec.or.th.Received March 23, 2000
Thunder Bay District, 1821-1892: A Collection of Documents (1975)

Journal Article Thunder Bay District, 1821–1892: A Collection of Documents Get access Thunder Bay District, 1821–1892: A Collection of Documents. Edited by Arthur Elizabeth. (Toronto: The Champlain Society for the Government of Ontario, University of Toronto Press, 1973. cv, 306 p. Illustrations, photographs, reproductions, tables, maps, appendix, bibliography, index. $10.00.) John W. Chalmers John W. Chalmers Edmonton, Alberta Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 6, Issue 2, April 1975, Pages 197–198, https://doi.org/10.2307/967996 Published: 01 April 1975
Inhibitors of retinyl ester formation also prevent the biosynthesis of 11-cis-retinol (1990)

Lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) from the retinyl pigment epithelium is potently inhibited by all-trans-retinyl alpha-bromoacetate in the micromolar range. The inhibition is competitive and reversible. The retinyl pigment epithelium also contains an enzymatic activity capable of converting added all-trans-retinol into 11-cis-retinol. This isomerization is likely to require the intermediate formation of all-trans-retinyl esters, which are themselves produced by LRAT action. Here this possibility is directly tested by studying the effect of all-trans-retinyl alpha-bromoacetate on the isomerization reaction. When pigment epithelium membranes are preincubated with all-trans-retinyl alpha-bromoacetate, they form neither retinyl esters nor 11-cis-retinol from added all-trans-retinol. However, if the pigment epithelium membranes are first allowed to form all-trans-retinyl esters from all-trans-retinol before the addition of all-trans-retinyl alpha-bromoacetate, then 11-cis-retinol formation proceeds at close to the rate found in the absence of inhibitor. In addition, 11-cis-retinyl esters are not formed under these conditions, eliminating the possibility of a direct ester-ester isomerization route. Therefore, all-trans-retinyl esters are obligate intermediates in the biosynthesis of 11-cis-retinol.
A new titanium–silica catalyst for the epoxidation of non-functionalized alkenes and allylic alcohols (1995)

Silica treated with Ti(OPri)4 is an efficient catalyst for the tert-butyl hydroperoxide epoxidation of nonfunctionalized alkenes and allylic alcohols at room temperature; the reactivity of the olefinic substrate depends on the structure, which allows the selective epoxidation of compounds containing different types of double bonds; 1H and 13C CP-MAS NMR shows the presence of isopropoxide groups in the catalyst.
Cutis Laxa Arising from Frameshift Mutations in Exon 30 of the Elastin Gene (ELN) (1999)

Congenital cutis laxa, a rare syndrome with marked skin laxity and pulmonary and cardiovascular compromise, is due to defective elastic fiber formation. In several cases, skin fibroblast tropoelastin production is markedly reduced yet reversed in vitro by transforming growth factor-beta treatment. We previously showed that this reversal was due to elastin mRNA stabilization in one cell strain, and here this behavior was confirmed in skin fibroblasts from two generations of a second family. cDNA sequencing and heteroduplex analysis of elastin gene transcripts from three fibroblast strains in two kindreds now identify two frameshift mutations (2012DeltaG and 2039DeltaC) in elastin gene exon 30, thus leading to missense C termini. No other mutations were present in the ELN cDNA sequences of all three affected individuals. Transcripts from both alleles in each kindred were unstable and responsive to transforming growth factor-beta. Exons 22, 23, 26A, and 32 were always absent. Since exon 30 underwent alternative splicing in fibroblasts, we speculate that a differential splicing pattern could conceivably lead to phenotypic rescue. These two dominant-acting, apparently de novo mutations in the elastin gene appear to be responsible for qualitative and quantitative defects in elastin, resulting in the cutis laxa phenotype.
Mimicking “J-Shaped” and Anisotropic Stress–Strain Behavior of Human and Porcine Aorta by Fabric-Reinforced Elastomer Composites (2019)

An ex vivo heart perfusion device preserves the donor heart in a warm beating state during transfer between extraction and implantation surgeries. One of the current challenges includes the use of rigid and noncompliant plastic tubes, which causes injuries to the heart at the junction between the tissue and the tube. The compliant and rapidly strain-stiffening mechanical property that generates a "J-shaped" stress-strain behavior is necessary for producing the Windkessel effect, which ensures continuous flow of blood through the aorta. In this study, we mimic the J-shaped and anisotropic stress-strain behavior of human aorta in synthetic elastomers to replace the problematic noncompliant plastic tube. First, we assess the mechanical properties of human (<i>n</i> = 1) and porcine aorta (<i>n</i> = 14) to quantify the nonlinear and anisotropic behavior under uniaxial tensile stress from five different regions of the aorta. Second, fabric-reinforced elastomer composites were prepared by reinforcing silicone elastomers with embedded fabrics in a trilayer geometry. The knitted structures of the fabric provide strain-stiffening as well as anisotropic mechanical properties of the resulting composite in a deterministic manner. By optimizing the combination between different elastomers and fabrics, the resulting composites matched the J-shaped and anisotropic stress-strain behavior of natural human and porcine aorta. Finally, improved analytical constitutive models based on Gent's and Mooney-Rivlin's constitutive model (to describe the elastomer matrix) combined with Holzapfel-Gasser-Ogden's model (to represent the stiffer fabrics) were developed to describe the J-shaped behavior of the natural aortas and the fabric-reinforced composites. We anticipate that the suggested fabric-reinforced silicone elastomer composite design concept can be used to develop complex soft biomaterials, as well as in emerging engineering fields such as soft robotics and microfluidics, where the Windkessel effect can be useful in regulating the flow of fluids.
Molecular Dissociative Ionization and Wave-Packet Dynamics Studied Using Two-Color XUV and IR Pump-Probe Spectroscopy (2009)

We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of ultrafast wave-packet dynamics in the dissociative ionization of H_{2} molecules as a result of irradiation with an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulse followed by an infrared (IR) pulse. In experiments where the duration of both the XUV and IR pulses are shorter than the vibrational period of H_{2};{+}, dephasing and rephasing of the vibrational wave packet that is formed in H_{2};{+} upon ionization of the neutral molecule by the XUV pulse is observed. In experiments where the duration of the IR pulse exceeds the vibrational period of H_{2};{+} (15 fs), a pronounced dependence of the H;{+} kinetic energy distribution on XUV-IR delay is observed that can be explained in terms of the adiabatic propagation of the H_{2};{+} wave packet on field-dressed potential energy curves.
Non-periodic Space Structures (2011)

An interesting class of two- and three-dimensional space structures can be derived from projections of higher-dimensional structures. Regular polygons and regular-faced polyhedra provide the geometry of families of n-stars from which two- and three-dimensional projections of n-dimensional grids can be derived. These projections are rhombic space grids composed of all-space filling rhombi and rhombohedra with edges parallel to n directions. An infinite class of single-, double- and multi-layered grids can be derived-from n-sided polygons and prisms, and a finite class of multi-directional grids from the polyhedral symmetry groups. The grids can be periodic, centrally symmetric or non-periodic, and act as skeletons to generate corresponding classes of space-filling, packings and labyrinths.
Mixture modelling of medical magnetic resonance data (2002)

Abstract In clinical decision making, (semi‐)automatic unsupervised classification of data for diagnostic purposes is becoming more and more important. This paper describes the application of mixture modelling, a clustering where multivariate Gaussians are used to describe clusters in the data, to in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance data of patients with brain tumours. Images as well as localized spectra are analysed. The method is able to automatically generate meaningful classifications. Moreover, the results of clustering both the image and spectral data are in close agreement. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of cephalosporin C, a penicillin-like antibiotic containing <scp>d</scp>-α-aminoadipic acid (1956)

Research Article| April 01 1956 Isolation of cephalosporin C, a penicillin-like antibiotic containing d-α-aminoadipic acid G. G. F. Newton; G. G. F. Newton * 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. P. Abraham E. P. Abraham 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1956 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1956 Biochem J (1956) 62 (4): 651–658. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0620651 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation G. G. F. Newton, E. P. Abraham; Isolation of cephalosporin C, a penicillin-like antibiotic containing d-α-aminoadipic acid. Biochem J 1 April 1956; 62 (4): 651–658. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0620651 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1956 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1956 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Third-order nonlinearity in silicon beyond 2350 nm (2011)

Measurement of the Kerr nonlinearity in silicon is reported in the 2350 nm to 2750 nm wavelength range, where three-photon absorption effect is present. The measurements confirm that the Kerr interaction strength is comparable to that in the near-infrared. The measured dispersion trend for the Kerr coefficient is consistent with that obtained using Kramers-Krönig relations. Three-photon absorption was measured, and its effect on the nonlinear figure of merit in silicon appears not to be as restrictive as that of two-photon absorption. The results identify silicon as a promising platform for parametric processes in mid-infrared spectral region.
A comparative study of recurrent neural network models for lexical domain classification (2016)

Domain classification is a critical pre-processing step for many speech understanding and dialog systems, as it allows for certain types of utterances to be routed to specialized subsystems. In previous work, we explored various neural network (NN) architectures for binary utterance classification based on lexical features, and found that they improved upon more traditional statistical baselines. In this paper we generalize to an n-way classification task, and test the best-performing NN architectures on a large, real-world dataset from the Cortana personal assistant application. As in the earlier work, we find that recurrent NNs with gated memory units (LSTM and GRU) perform best, beating out state-of-the-art baseline systems based on language models or boosting classifiers. NN classifiers can still benefit from combining their posterior class estimates with traditional language model likelihood ratios, via a logistic regression combiner. We also investigate whether it is better to use an ensemble of binary classifiers or a NN trained for n-way classification, and how each approach performs in combination with the baseline classifiers. The best overall results are obtained by first combining an ensemble of binary GRU-NN classifiers with LM likelihood ratios, followed by picking the highest class posterior estimate.
One-step green synthesis of graphene nanomesh by fluid-based method (2014)

A fluid-based method is demonstrated for preparing graphene nanomeshes (GNMs) directly from pristine graphite flakes by a one-step process. The high efficiency is attributed to the combination of fluid-assisted exfoliation and perforation of the graphene sheets. Atomic force microscopy shows that the as-produced GNMs are less than 1.5 nm thick. The total area of the pores within 1 μm2 of the GNM sheet is estimated as ∼0.15 μm2 and the pore density as ∼22 μm−2, The yield of GNMs from pristine graphite powder and the power consumption for per gram GNM synthesis are evaluated as 5 wt% and 120 kW h, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and Raman spectroscopy results indicate the purity of the GNMs and thus it is a green efficient method. The present work is expected to facilitate the production of GNMs in large scale.
A New Timing Offset Estimation Algorithm Using Phase Difference Between Adjacent Subcarriers in Interleaved OFDMA Uplink Systems (2007)

A new timing estimator using phase difference between adjacent subcarriers is proposed for interleaved orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) uplink systems. The phase difference of adjacent subcarriers is represented as the summation of the information of timing offset which we want to estimate and the phase difference of channel frequency responses which can cause performance degradation. Thus, a method to reduce the phase difference of channel frequency responses is applied in time domain, and then timing offset information is estimated from phase difference in frequency domain. Simulation results confirm that the proposed estimator can decrease the mean square error (MSE) compared with channel impulse response (CIR) based method when the information of channel length is unknown.
Somatic Mutations of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Colorectal Carcinoma (2005)

Our findings suggest that a distinct minority of colorectal adenocarcinomas exhibit somatic mutations of EGFR, and these tumors may be susceptible to gefitinib treatment.
Requirement for nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B p65 and NF-interleukin-6 binding elements in the tumor necrosis factor response region of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promoter (1994)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor produced by mesenchymal and myeloid cells following activation by inflammatory stimuli. It has previously been shown that a region of the G-CSF promoter, (-200 to -165) containing the decanucleotide CK-1 element and two repeated sequences that resemble nuclear factor (NF)- interleukin-6 (IL-6) binding sites, is required for activation of the G- CSF gene by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 beta. We now show that the NF-kappa B p65 protein can bind to and activate this TNF response region. There are several unusual features of this p65 interaction with the TNF response region. First, NF-kappa B p65 but not the related NF-kappa B p50 binds to the CK-1 element and a p50/65 hybrid protein that relies on the p50 rel homology domain for DNA binding does not transactivate the TNF response region. Second, p65 transactivation of this region is cell specific and requires not only its own binding site but also the NF-IL6 consensus sites. NF-IL6 also binds to the TNF response region of the G-CSF promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift studies show that p65 and NF-IL6 can bind cooperatively to the TNF response region. The ability of this region to respond to TNF-alpha or p65 is correlated with the ability to form the p65/NF-IL6 ternary complex.
Aspects of computer-aided detection (CAD) and volumetry of pulmonary nodules using multislice CT (2005)

With the superb spatial resolution of modern multislice CT scanners and their ability to complete a thoracic scan within one breath-hold, software algorithms for computer-aided detection (CAD) of pulmonary nodules are now reaching high sensitivity levels at moderate false positive rates. A number of pilot studies have shown that CAD modules can successfully find overlooked pulmonary nodules and serve as a powerful tool for diagnostic quality assurance. Equally important are tools for fast and accurate three-dimensional volume measurement of detected nodules. These allow monitoring of nodule growth between follow-up examinations for differential diagnosis and response to oncological therapy. Owing to decreasing partial volume effect, nodule volumetry is more accurate with high resolution CT data. Several studies have shown the feasibility and robustness of automated matching of corresponding nodule pairs between follow-up examinations. Fast and automated growth rate monitoring with only few reader interactions also adds to diagnostic quality assurance.