gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zinc and silver glass polyalkenoate cements: An evaluation of their antibacterial nature (2010)

A biofilm is an accumulation of micro-organisms and their extracellular products forming a structured community on a surface. Biofilm formation on medical devices has severe health consequences as bacteria growing in this lifestyle are tolerant to both host defence mechanisms and antibiotic therapies. However, silver and zinc ions inhibit the attachment and proliferation of immature biofilms. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether silver and zinc ions eluted from novel glass polyalkenoate cement (GPC) coatings have the ability to inhibit Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vivo. A silver and zinc-containing GPC coating was synthesised, deposited onto Ti6Al4V discs and placed in a specified amount of analytical water for 1, 7 and 30 days. The resulting elutes were collected and Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to measure ion release. The elutes were injected into Galleria mellonella larvae infected with MRSA and the antibacterial properties of these elutes were evaluated in vivo. The majority of the zinc and silver ions were released within the first 24 h; this corresponded with the greatest degree of protection observed in infected larvae. Results were compared to a conventional in vitro model where identical elutes were incubated with MRSA on nutrient agar. These results were consistent with those observed in the larval model, demonstrating a reduction in bacterial viability when co-cultured with elutes for 2 h. This work confirms the promise of the Galleria mellonella as a model for the assessment of antimicrobial agents and demonstrates the capacity of novel silver and zinc-containing GPCs to retard the colonisation of MRSA.
Contemporary management of prolactinomas (2004)

Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas--prolactinomas--are the most common type of functional pituitary tumor. Treatment of hyperprolactinemia is indicated because of the consequences of infertility, gonadal dysfunction, and osteoporosis. Making the correct diagnosis is important because the first line of therapy is medical management with dopamine agonists. Medical therapy is effective in normalizing prolactin levels in more than 90% of patients, but longterm treatment may be required in some patients. Transsphenoidal surgery is usually indicated in those patients in whom medical therapy fails or cannot be tolerated, or in patients who harbor microprolactinomas. In experienced hands, a hormonal and oncological cure can be achieved in more than 90% of patients after transsphenoidal removal of microprolactinomas with minimal risks. Thus, surgery may be an option for microprolactinomas in a young patient who desires restoration of fertility and avoidance of long-term medical therapy. The authors review the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas, including medical therapy, surgical therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery.
Quantitative Correlations between the Normal Incidence Differential Reflectance and the Coverage of Adsorbed Bromide on a Polycrystalline Platinum Rotating Disk Electrode (2013)

Normal incidence reflectance spectra (λ = 635 nm) data were acquired from a Pt disk of a rotating Pt
<sup>15</sup>N−<sup>15</sup>N <i>J</i>-Coupling Across Hg<sup>II</sup>:  Direct Observation of Hg<sup>II</sup>-Mediated T−T Base Pairs in a DNA Duplex (2006)

N−N J-coupling across a metal center (2JNN) was clearly detected in a biological macromolecule (DNA duplex) for the first time. By using 2JNN, the base pairing mode of mercury-mediated T−T pairs (T−HgII−T) was definitely determined. This pairing mode was found to be a novel metal ion-binding mode for DNA and RNA molecules, in which imino proton−metal exchange processes are included. Accordingly, 2JNN is highly important for the determination of the chemical structures of metal-mediated base pairs.
Polymerization of ethylene at high temperature by vanadium‐based heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts. I. Study of the deactivation process (1993)

Abstract Kinetics of the polymerization of ethylene initiated by heterogeneous vanadium‐based Ziegler‐Natta catalysts (VCI 3 ‐1/3 AICI 3 ) have been studied at high temperature (160°C, 5 bars) and compared with a titanium‐based system. For the V catalyst, the dependence of the polymerization activity versus time, with the nature and the concentration of the associated aluminum alkyl, has been investigated. Kinetic results have also been correlated with the oxidation state of vanadium in the polymerization conditions. Despite the relatively high initial activity a low productivity is obtained; it can be attributed to a very fast deactivation of the active sites due to the reduction of vanadium III into vanadium II. The effect of the nature of the alkyl aluminum component of the catalytic system on the reduction process is shown. A kinetic model for the polymerization is proposed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stereochemical course of malonate decarboxylation in Malonomonas rubra (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemical course of malonate decarboxylation in Malonomonas rubraJason Micklefield, Keith J. Harris, Stefan Groeger, Ursula Mocek, Hubert Hilbi, Peter Dimroth, and Heinz G. FlossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3, 1153–1154Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00108a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00108a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association of peptic ulcer with increased expression of Lewis antigens but not <i>cagA, iceA,</i> and <i>vacA</i> in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> isolates in an Asian population (2000)

The present study indicates that peptic ulcer disease is associated with increased expression of Lewis antigens but not cagA, iceA, or vacA genotype in H pylori isolates in our population. This suggests that cagA, iceA, and vacA are not universal virulence markers, and that host-pathogen interactions are important in determining clinical outcome.
Presenilin-1 regulates induction of hypoxia inducible factor-1α: altered activation by a mutation associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (2010)

Collectively these studies show that Psen1 regulates induction of HIF-1α although they indicate that cell type specific differences exist in the effect of Psen1 on induction. They also show that the M146V Psen1 FAD mutation impairs metabolic induction of HIF-1α, an observation that may have pathophysiological significance for AD.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-dependent Akt Activation by Oxidative Stress Enhances Cell Survival (2000)

The serine/threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B) is activated in response to various stimuli by a mechanism involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K). Akt provides a survival signal that protects cells from apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal, but its function in other forms of stress is less clear. Here we investigated the role of PI3-K/Akt during the cellular response to oxidant injury. H(2)O(2) treatment elevated Akt activity in multiple cell types in a time- (5-30 min) and dose (400 microM-2 mm)-dependent manner. Expression of a dominant negative mutant of p85 (regulatory component of PI3-K) and treatment with inhibitors of PI3-K (wortmannin and LY294002) prevented H(2)O(2)-induced Akt activation. Akt activation by H(2)O(2) also depended on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling; H(2)O(2) treatment led to EGFR phosphorylation, and inhibition of EGFR activation prevented Akt activation by H(2)O(2). As H(2)O(2) causes apoptosis of HeLa cells, we investigated whether alterations of PI3-K/Akt signaling would affect this response. Wortmannin and LY294002 treatment significantly enhanced H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis, whereas expression of exogenous myristoylated Akt (an activated form) inhibited cell death. Constitutive expression of v-Akt likewise enhanced survival of H(2)O(2)-treated NIH3T3 cells. These results suggest that H(2)O(2) activates Akt via an EGFR/PI3-K-dependent pathway and that elevated Akt activity confers protection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
High Stress Abrasion of Carbidic Hardfacing Alloys (1989)

The abrasion properties of a series of hardfacing deposits of chromium carbide alloys and tungsten carbide composites have been examined using the laboratory pin test. Corrt;lation between the abrasion resistance and variation in microstructural parameters of the deposited layers was determined for both 120 j1m garnet and 80 j1m alumina abrasives. The effects of alloy hardness (Hv) and volume fraction of primary carbide (Vc) on abrasion characteristics are shown to depend in a critical manner on abrasive type.
Insulators and Materials for Closed-Spaced Thermoelectric Modules (2003)

The primary goal of this Phase I program has been accomplished: to demonstrate a ceramic, injection-molded eggcrate which will form the support structure for a close-spaced thermoelectric module which can operate at significantly higher temperatures than presently possible with such modules. It has been shown that yttria-stabilized zirconia is compatible at high temperatures with typical thermoelectric materials (TAGS, SnTE and PbTe) and that it can serve as a barrier between them to preclude cross-contamination and doping of the constituents of one leg type by those from the other. Using a 2 x 2 ceramic eggcrate, thermally sprayed molybdenum electrodes have been deposited on a test module which effectively seal each pocket, further reducing the possibility of migration of elements. Based on these results the next tasks are to refine the design of the injection tool and the injection parameters to produce consistent results and to allow increase in the size of the module to that on which commercial, high-temperature thermoelectric modules can be based. In addition, development of the fabrication techniques for segmented thermoelectric legs for use with these ceramic eggcrates at high temperatures must be continued.
Modeling acoustic wave propagation in heterogeneous attenuating media using decoupled fractional Laplacians (2014)

ABSTRACT We evaluated a time-domain wave equation for modeling acoustic wave propagation in attenuating media. The wave equation was derived from Kjartansson’s constant-Q constitutive stress-strain relation in combination with the mass and momentum conservation equations. Our wave equation, expressed by a second-order temporal derivative and two fractional Laplacian operators, described very nearly constant-Q attenuation and dispersion effects. The advantage of using our formulation of two fractional Laplacians over the traditional fractional time derivative approach was the avoidance of time history memory variables and thus it offered more economic computations. In numerical simulations, we formulated the first-order constitutive equations with the perfectly matched layer absorbing boundaries. The temporal derivative was calculated with a staggered-grid finite-difference approach. The fractional Laplacians are calculated in the spatial frequency domain using a Fourier pseudospectral implementation. We validated our numerical results through comparisons with theoretical constant-Q attenuation and dispersion solutions, field measurements from the Pierre Shale, and results from 2D viscoacoustic analytical modeling for the homogeneous Pierre Shale. We also evaluated different formulations to show separated amplitude loss and dispersion effects on wavefields. Furthermore, we generalized our rigorous formulation for homogeneous media to an approximate equation for viscoacoustic waves in heterogeneous media. We then investigated the accuracy of numerical modeling in attenuating media with different Q-values and its stability in large-contrast heterogeneous media. Finally, we tested the applicability of our time-domain formulation in a heterogeneous medium with high attenuation.
Human Activity Classification Based on Gait and Support Vector Machines (2008)

Presented is a method to characterize human gait and to classify human activities using gait. Slices along the x-t dimension of a patio-temporal sequence are extracted to construct a gait double helical signature (gait DHS). A DHS pattern is a compact description that encodes the parameters of human gait and shows inherent symmetry in natural walking (without encumbered limb movement). The symmetry takes the form of Frieze groups, and differences in DHS symmetry can classify different activities. This thesis presents a method for extracting gait DHS, and how the DHS can be separable by activity. Then, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) n-class classifier is constructed using the Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel, and the performance is measured on a set of data. The SVM is a classification tool based on learning from a training set, and fitting decision boundaries based on an output function. This thesis examines the effect of slicing at different heights of the body and shows the robustness of DHS to view angle, size, and direction of motion. Experiments using real video sequences are presented.
PPyDEP: a new approach to microparticle manipulation employing polymer-based electrodes (2013)

In this work, a novel approach to 3-dimensional (3D) electrode fabrication, based on electrodeposited polypyrrole (PPy), for dielectrophoresis (DEP) is described. 3D PPy electrodes with post and cage geometries were grown over planar interdigitated electrodes. Computational modelling and experimental work were carried out to assess the performance of the proposed electrode geometries. It was found that these new electrode geometries enhanced the dielectrophoretic trapping efficiency for polystyrene beads by exhibiting larger variations of the electric field and by affecting a larger volume of the fluid sample than planar electrodes. Applications of this work include, but are not limited to, environmental monitoring, food safety control, clinical analysis, and clean energy production.
The cytotoxic ribonuclease onconase targets RNA interference (siRNA) (2008)

Onconase (Onc), a ribonuclease from oocytes of Northern Leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) is cytostatic and cytotoxic to a variety of tumor lines in vitro, inhibits growth of tumors in animal in vivo models and enhances sensitivity of tumor cells to a number of other cytotoxic agents with diverse mechanism of action. In Phase III clinical trials Onc demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with malignant mesothelioma that failed prior chemotherapy. We previously postulated that the antitumor activity of Onc and the observed synergisms with other antitumor modalities at least in part may be mediated by targeting RNA interference (RNAi). In the present study we observed that the silencing of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by siRNA was effectively prevented by Onc. While transfection of cells with GAPDH siRNA reduced expression of this protein by nearly 70%, the expression was restored in the cells exposed to 0.8 muM Onc for 48 or 72 h. The data thus provide evidence that one of the targets of Onc is siRNA, likely within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In light of the findings that microRNAs are involved in tumor pathogenesis as well as in enhancing cell resistance to anticancer therapy the present data may provide explanation for both, the antitumor Onc activity and its propensity to enhance effectiveness of cytotoxic drugs.
STAC: A method for testing the significance of DNA copy number aberrations across multiple array-CGH experiments (2006)

Regions of gain and loss of genomic DNA occur in many cancers and can drive the genesis and progression of disease. These copy number aberrations (CNAs) can be detected at high resolution by using microarray-based techniques. However, robust statistical approaches are needed to identify nonrandom gains and losses across multiple experiments/samples. We have developed a method called Significance Testing for Aberrant Copy number (STAC) to address this need. STAC utilizes two complementary statistics in combination with a novel search strategy. The significance of both statistics is assessed, and P-values are assigned to each location on the genome by using a multiple testing corrected permutation approach. We validate our method by using two published cancer data sets. STAC identifies genomic alterations known to be of clinical and biological significance and provides statistical support for 85% of previously reported regions. Moreover, STAC identifies numerous additional regions of significant gain/loss in these data that warrant further investigation. The P-values provided by STAC can be used to prioritize regions for follow-up study in an unbiased fashion. We conclude that STAC is a powerful tool for identifying nonrandom genomic amplifications and deletions across multiple experiments. A Java version of STAC is freely available for download at http://cbil.upenn.edu/STAC.
Technique, Applicable to Circuit Breakers, for the Measurement of the Spatial Distribution of the Current in an Arc (1974)

A new technique has been developed for the measurement of the spatial distribution, at the electrode surface, of the current in a moving arc. In the case studied, the arc is driven by a. transverse magnetic field between two parallel electrodes. The technique is however also applicable to a gas blast arc. The technique is based on the measurement of the variation of the magnetic flux inside a cavity located below the electrode surface. This variation of the magnetic flux is shown here to be related to the spatial distribution of the current in the arc. The frequency response of the measuring system has been determined experimentally and is taken into account. Applications to circuit breakers are considered and discussed.
Adsorption of salivary proteins onto Ca apatites (1991)

The adsorption of small molecules such as amino‐acids, and even large molecules such as the acidic proline‐rich salivary proteins onto calcium apatites, is well described‐ by the Langmuir isotherm when only one adsorbate is present in solution. Apparent anomalies in the adsorption parameters are not consistent with a simple electrostatic model for adsorption of polar molecules onto apatites. The thermodynamics of adsorption indicates that the process is endothermic; consequently, the driving force for adsorption is entropic. The increase in entropy probably arises from changes in the secondary structure of the proteins and displacement of water molecules from the adsorbent and the adsórbate upon adsorption. Marked changes (in the amide I region) were observed between the FTIR spectra of the PRP in solution and in the adsorbed state consistent with significant changes in their beta‐sheet and beta‐turn contents upon adsorption. The extension of the Langmuirian model to binary and ternary mixtures was inadequate to describe experimental adsorption results from these systems. A model based on the equilibrium conditions in polycomponent systems describes very well the adsorption behaviour of binary mixtures. This thermodynamic model was successfully extended to ternary mixtures of salivary proteins.
APTI Course 415: Control of gaseous emissions. Student manual (1981)

This course contains the following: air pollution control; basic concepts of gases; combustion; absorption; adsorption; condensation; control of nitrogen oxide emissions; control of sulfur oxide emissions; industrial exhaust systems; appendix a. common international system of units(si); appendix b. conversion factors; appendix c. constants and useful information; appendix d. combustion calculations for theoretical and excess air requirements; appendix e. capital cost estimates of gaseous control equipment; appendix f. specific heats(c) of gases at 1 atm pressure; appendix g. properties of liquid water; appendix h. specific weight of dry air in lb/ft cu ft and r and absolute pressure of 29.92 in hg; appendia i. use of psychrometric chart for gas moisture calculation.
Multiple Hypothesis Tracking for Cluttered Biological Image Sequences (2013)

In this paper, we present a method for simultaneously tracking thousands of targets in biological image sequences, which is of major importance in modern biology. The complexity and inherent randomness of the problem lead us to propose a unified probabilistic framework for tracking biological particles in microscope images. The framework includes realistic models of particle motion and existence and of fluorescence image features. For the track extraction process per se, the very cluttered conditions motivate the adoption of a multiframe approach that enforces tracking decision robustness to poor imaging conditions and to random target movements. We tackle the large-scale nature of the problem by adapting the multiple hypothesis tracking algorithm to the proposed framework, resulting in a method with a favorable tradeoff between the model complexity and the computational cost of the tracking procedure. When compared to the state-of-the-art tracking techniques for bioimaging, the proposed algorithm is shown to be the only method providing high-quality results despite the critically poor imaging conditions and the dense target presence. We thus demonstrate the benefits of advanced Bayesian tracking techniques for the accurate computational modeling of dynamical biological processes, which is promising for further developments in this domain.
Redpin - adaptive, zero-configuration indoor localization through user collaboration (2008)

Redpin is a fingerprint-based indoor localization system designed and built to run on mobile phones. The basic principles of our system are based on known systems like Place Lab or Radar. However, with Redpin it is possible to consider the signal-strength of GSM, Bluetooth, and WiFi access points on a mobile phone. Moreover, we devised methods to omit the time-consuming training phase and instead incorporate a folksonomy-like approach where the users train the system while using it. Finally, this approach also enables the system to expeditiously adapt to changes in the environment, caused for example by replaced access points.