gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase Transformation of n-Higher Alcohols. (II) (1959)

For the members of 21-higher alcohols from C" to C,,;, the crystal structures of solid forms were studied by X-ray method.A new form, 72, was found out at room temperature in longer odd members.The crystal structure of the form is supposed to be similar to that of y,-form, but the detailis not yet known.The dependences of lattice spacings on both chain length and temperature were observed and discussed, and stretching of molecules in low temperature forms is concluded.In ,s-forms, which are known as rotational form, there must be molecular shift in the direction of chain axes as well as molecular rotation to interpret the diffraction patterns.The dependence of transition points on chain length is also discussed, and it is coneluded that there must be some partial older of molecular arrangement in liquid state.
Coal Coke Gasification in a Windowed Solar Chemical Reactor for Beam-Down Optics (2010)

Solar thermochemical processes, such as solar gasification of coal, require the development of a high temperature solar reactor operating at temperatures above 1000°C. Direct solar energy absorption by reacting coal particles provides efficient heat transfer directly to the reaction site. In this work, a windowed reactor prototype designed for the beam-down optics was constructed at a laboratory scale and demonstrated for CO2 gasification of coal coke using concentrated visible light from a sun-simulator as the source of energy. Peak conversion of light energy to chemical fuel (CO) of 14% was obtained by irradiating a fluidized bed of 500–710 μm coal coke size fraction with a power input of about 1 kW and a CO2 flow-rate of 6.5 dm3 min−1 at normal conditions.
Scalable preparation and property investigation of a <i>cis</i>-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid from β-<i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid (2018)

Scalable synthesis of β-truxinic acid (CBDA-4) was accomplished by capturing and photodimerizing a metastable crystalline solid of trans-cinnamic acid. This synthetic approach builds a foundation for investigating the properties and applications of the useful diacid. The X-ray crystal structure of CBDA-4 was determined for the first time. The cyclobutane ring in CBDA-4 was cleaved upon heating, making it a promising building block for thermally recyclable/degradable materials.
Pharmacophoric Search and 3D-QSAR Comparative Molecular Field Analysis Studies on Agonists of Melatonin Sheep Receptors (1998)

Conformational analysis was used to characterize the agonist pharmacophore for melatonin sheep brain receptor recognition and activation. The molecular geometry shared by all conformations of the selected active ligands was determined. Assuming that all the compounds interact at the same binding site at the receptor level, 2-iodomelatonin pharmacophoric conformation served as a template for the superimposition of 64 structurally heterogeneous agonists constituting the training set used to perform a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship study via the comparative molecular field analysis method. A statistically significant model was obtained for the totality of the compounds (n = 64, q2 = 0.62, N = 6, r2 = 0.96, s = 0.28, F = 249) with steric, electrostatic, and lipophilic relative contributions of 28%, 35%, and 37%, respectively. The predictive power of the proposed model was discerned by successfully testing the 78 agonist ligands constituting the test set. The model so obtained and validated brings important structural insights to aid the design of novel melatoninergic agonist ligands prior to their synthesis.
A Synthetic Precursor of Verrucarin A (1978)

The trichothecane antibiotics, produced by the fungi Trichothecium, Trichoderma, Myrothecium and Fusarium constitute an important class of antifungal, cytotoxic and phytotoxic sesquiterpenes. These compounds are all oxygenated derivatives of the tetracyclic 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (1) skeleton. Verrucarin A (2), a potent cytotoxin with significant anti-tumor activity, gives the trichothecane verrucarol on hydrolysis. In addition to verrucarin A, several other macrolides also contain a verrucarol moiety.
2018 ACS Fellows (2018)

The American Chemical Society has named 51 members as ACS Fellows. The new fellows will be feted at the society’s fall national meeting in Boston this August. The fellows program began in 2009 as a way to recognize and honor ACS members for outstanding achievements in and contributions to science, the profession, and ACS. Nominations for the 2019 class of ACS Fellows will open in the first quarter of next year. Additional information about the program, including a list of fellows named in earlier years, is available at www.acs.org/fellows. Souhail R. Al-AbedU.S. Environmental Protection Agency Kara M. AllenAegis Sciences Peter R. BernsteinPhaRmaB Amanda Bryant-FriedrichUniversity of Toledo Susan Beda ButtsDow Chemical William F. Carroll Jr.Indiana University Hongyu ChenDow Chemical Pat N. ConfaloneConfalone Consulting Janine CossyESPCI Paris E. Bryan CoughlinUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst Paul J. FaganDuPont Andrew L. FeigWayne State University Neil K. GargUniversity of California, Los Angeles Carmen Valdez GauthierFlorida Southern
Introduction of carboxyl groups into crosslinked polystyrene (1975)

Abstract Carboxyl groups can be introduced into crosslinked polystyrene by a two step process involving 2‐chlorobenzoylation and cleavage of the product using a mixture of potassium tert ‐butoxide and water. The reaction yields can be estimated easily by the change in weight of the resin and by chlorine analysis. Carboxyl groups can also be introduced via benzoylation. The previously described method of introducing carboxyl groups, in which crosslinked polystyrene is chloromethylated and the product oxidized to a formyl resin, which is then oxidized to a carboxyl resin, can be improved by using peracetic acid in methanesulphonic acid as the oxidant in the last step.
Metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors on cleaved GaAs(110) (1994)

Metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors were fabricated on cleaved n-GaAs (110) facets using remote plasma-deposited silicon nitride as gate insulators. The interface properties of the capacitors made on this surface were analyzed by capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy was also used to investigate the chemical structure of the interface. Prior to the insulator deposition, the cleaved facets were processed with different surface treatments including HF etch of native oxide, passivation with an ammonium sulfide solution, passivation with hydrogen polysulfide, and passivation with a silicon interface control layer. It was found that while the passivation procedures with the sulfur compounds did improve the C-V data when compared with the HF oxide etch, the silicon interface control layer technique led to the best C-V results. By comparing the quasistatic and high-frequency (1 MHz) C-V data, it was found that the minimum interface state density of the fabricated capacitors was about 1012 eV−1 cm−2.
Partially Connected Multi-cell Interference Broadcast Channels Based Iterative Interference Alignment with Imperfect Channel Knowledge (2013)

Interference alignment (IA) has been proved in theory that it can be achievable in a partially connected multi-cell MIMO interfering broadcast channels (IBC) network of arbitrary size, while the signaling dimension of each transmit and receive antennas pair between base station (BS) and user remains bound. For this applicable significance, based on the L-interfering MIMO IBC model, two iterative IA algorithms are presented to solve the alignment problem for this type of network in this paper. Then the feasibility conditions and the impact of channel knowledge imperfection for the proposed algorithms are analyzed. Simulations show that, with a finite antenna number per transmitter and receiver pair, the proposed algorithms can achieve the optimal degrees of freedom (DoF) and can be applied to a partially connected multi-cell MIMO IBC network with arbitrary number of cells and users per cell. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithms are sensitive to imperfect channel knowledge, especially in high SNR region.
Generation of Mice with Hepatocyte-Specific Conditional Deletion of Notum (2016)

We show that Notum is not a key actor of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent liver patterning of adult mice, but has role in liver glucose homeostasis. Male mice deficient in Notum specifically in the liver develop metabolic dysfunctions implicating Notum in the development of Type 2 diabetes.
Phase I Study of Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001), A Replication Competent Oncolytic Virus, in Patients with Carcinoid Cancers (2010)

Background: SVV-001 is a naturally-occurring replication competent picornavirus, rarely hosted by humans, with potent and selective tropism for NE tumors, including small cell cancers and carcinoid. SVV-001 causes rapid cytolysis in vitro and durable responses following single IV dosing in multiple xenograft models. Methods: Single dose intravenous SVV-001 was investigated across 5 log-increment dose cohorts from 107vp/kg to 1011vp/kg, in patients with carcinoid type cancers. Study endpoints included toxicity assessment, response assessment, evaluation of viral titers and clearance in blood, sputum, nasal swabs, urine, and stool, and neutralizing antibody development. Results: 12 carcinoid patients in cohorts 1 to 4 had a 70% SD rate. Cohort 5, a 12 patient expansion cohort at 1011vp/kg showed promising antitumor activity including improvement in carcinoid syndrome symptoms, decline in 5HIAA and other serum markers, minor responses by CT scan, and an objective PET response (>50% decrease in SUV). Median PFS was 6.2 months (95% CI 3.6 to 21.1), median OS was 21.1 months (95% CI 8.9 to not reached). There were no DLTs in any cohort. Side effects were in general mild and self limiting. Evidence of intratumoral viral replication was demonstrated with detection of delayed viral titers estimated at >1,000□ the administered dose. Viral clearance was documented in all patients and correlated temporally with development of antiviral antibodies. Conclusions: A single IV dose of 1011vp/kg of SVV-001 is safe with predictable viral kinetics and shows promising activity against NE tumors. Phase II testing of this novel anticancer agent is warranted.
Diagnóstico dos viveiros municipais no estado de Minas Gerais. (2004)

Com o objetivo de fazer um diagnóstico dos viveiros municipais do Estado de Minas Gerais, foi enviado um questionário a todos os seus 853 municípios, contendo perguntas sobre infra-estrutura, tamanho, existência de responsável técnico, qualificação e treinamento de viveiristas, técnicas utilizadas na propagação das plantas, sistema de irrigação, dentre outros aspectos. Pelos resultados, obtidos nas 270 respostas, foi constatado que grande parte dos municípios estudados não possui viveiros para produção de mudas, o que permite inferir que elas são adquiridas de terceiros ou que não está havendo arborização nas ruas. Nos municípios que possuem viveiros constatou-se que a infra-estrutura verificada é insuficiente e que não há profissionais de nível técnico em sua maioria. Além disso, o treinamento de funcionários poderia ser mais efetivo, uma vez que eles são em grande parte, fixos, embora com baixa escolaridade. Observou-se também que as plantas são propagadas basicamente por sementes e estacas, tendo como finalidade a arborização urbana e a recuperação de áreas degradadas e de matas ciliares, e que são destinadas, principalmente, para doação. Na maioria dos municípios os conhecimentos acerca dos tratos culturais necessários à produção de mudas com características desejáveis à arborização urbana são incipientes.
Preparation of Hyperbranched Aromatic Polyimides via A<sub>2</sub> + B<sub>3</sub> Approach (2002)

Two novel B3 monomers, tri(phthalic anhydride) and tri(phthalic acid methyl ester), were synthesized. Hyperbranched polyimides were prepared by A2 + B3 polymerizations of (a) 1,4-phenylenediamine (A2) and tri(phthalic anhydride) (B3) (method A) and (b) 1,4-phenylenediamine (A2) and tri(phthalic acid methyl ester) (B3) (method B) in a 1:1 molecular ratio. Gelation was effectively avoided in the A2 + B3 polymerization by method B and a dramatic inherent viscosity increase at the critical polymerization concentration was observed. The high viscosity phenomena, generally observed in the preparation of hyperbranched polymers through the A2 + B3 approach, are elucidated by the hyperbranched structure (dendritic, linear, and terminal content) characterization for polyimides with different viscosities. The self-standing films were successfully prepared from the hyperbranched precursors by the casting method. The results indicate that the weight-average molecular weight of hyperbranched precursors are ranged from 33 600 to 125 000 and their inherent viscosities are varied from 0.17 to 0.97 dL/g. The degree of branching (DB) of hyperbranched polyimides is estimated to be 0.52−0.56 by 1H NMR measurement. Their glass transition temperatures measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) range from 212 to 236 °C. The 5% weight loss temperatures of films, measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), are around 500 °C. Their tensile storage modulus by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) attains 4.0 Gpa, similar to that of their linear analogues.
Affinity Monoliths Generated by In Situ Polymerization of the Ligand (2001)

An affinity monolith with a novel immobilization strategy was developed leading to a tailored pore structure. Hereby the ligand is conjugated to one of the monomers of the polymerization mixture prior to polymerization. After the polymerization, a monolithic structure was obtained either ready to use for affinity chromatography or ready for coupling of additional ligand to further increase the binding capacity. The model ligand, a peptide directed against lysozyme, was conjugated to glycidyl methacrylate prior to the polymerization. With this conjugate, glycidyl methacrylate, and ethylene dimethacrylate, a monolith was formed and tested with lysozyme. A better ligand presentation was achieved indicated by the higher affinity constant compared to a conventional sorbent.
Formal Description and Verification of Security Filtered Rules (2010)

With the ever-changing threat of network, packet-filtering firewall, an important instrument for resisting threat, has become the effective measure of host-computer protection. Its ability depends on the capability of filtered rules. This paper first describes filtered rules formally, and then tests the rules including the verification of special aims and security analysis based on model checking. The formal analysis and verification make the rules achieve the security administrators' will of packet filtering and protect the system safe.
Flexible Non‐Volatile Ferroelectric Polymer Memory with Gate‐Controlled Multilevel Operation (2012)

A flexible field-effect transistor with a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) active channel and a ferroelectric poly(vinlyidene fluoride-co-trifluoro ethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) insulator exhibits gate-voltage-controllable multilevel non-volatile memory characteristics with highly reliable data retention and endurance.
Launching Efficiency of Wires and Slots for a Dielectric Rod Waveguide (1958)

This paper describes an experimental investigation of surface wave launching efficiency. Wires, rings, and slots are considered as exciters of the HE/sub 11/ mode on a dielectric rod image line. A formula is derived which relates the efficiency of a launcher to its impedance as a scatterer on the surface waveguide. Efficiency is obtained by using this formula and also by applying Deschamps' method for determtimg the scattering matrix coefficients of a port junction. Graphs are presented which illustrate the variation of efficiency with the dimensions of the launchers and with the parameter lambda/sub g//lambda, the ratio of the guide wavelength to the free space wavelength.
Multi-Sensor Fusion of GNSS receivers, inertial sensor and cameras for Precise and Reliable Positioning (2015)

A precise and reliable position and attitude information is needed with high availability in many applications.
In this paper, we describe a multi-sensor fusion of two GNSS receivers, a Virtual reference station, an inertial sensor, a camera and geo-referenced satellite/ aerial images. The camera and georeferenced satellite/ aerial images require a pre-processing to obtain an absolute position information. We perform a homogenous projection, apply a color transformation, a morphological operation and an edge and corner detection to extract distinctive image points, that are matched between the camera images and geo-referenced satellite/ aerial images. It is shown that the vision based position information substantially simplifies the GNSS carrier phase ambiguity resolution. The multi-sensor fusion was also verified in a test drive. We observed a substantial improvement of the positioning accuracy compared to a GPS/ INS-only solution.
SYNTHESIS OF MYCOSPORINE‐LIKE AMINO ACIDS IN <i>CHONDRUS CRISPUS</i> (FLORIDEOPHYCEAE) AND THE CONSEQUENCES FOR SENSITIVITY TO ULTRAVIOLET B RADIATION (1999)

The induction and protective role of the UV‐absorbing compounds known as mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs) were examined in sublittoral Chondrus crispus Stackh. transplanted for 2 weeks in the spring and summer to shallow water under three irradiance conditions: PAR (photosynthetically active radiation; 400–700 nm), PAR + UVA (PAR + 320– 400 nm), PAR + UVA + UVB (PAR + UVA + 280– 320 nm). Sublittoral thalli collected around Helgoland, North Sea, Germany, from 6 m below the mean low water of spring tides contained less than 0.1 mg·g −1 dry weight (DW) total MAAs, whereas eulittoral samples contained over 1 mg·g −1 DW. Transplantation to shallow water led to the immediate synthesis of three MAAs in the following temporal order: shinorine (λ max 334 nm), asterina (λ max 330 nm), and palythine (λ max 320 nm), with the shinorine content peaking and then declining after 2 days (exposure to 100 mol photons·m −2 ). Maximum total MAA content (2 mg·g −1 DW) also occurred after 2 days of induction, exceeding the content normally found in eulittoral samples. Furthermore, the relative proportion of the different MAAs at this time was different than that in eulittoral samples. After 2 days the total content declined to the eulittoral value, with palythine as the principal MAA. Similar data were obtained for all treatments, indicating that MAA synthesis in C. crispus was induced by PAR and not especially stimulated by UV radiation. The ability of photosystem II (PSII) to resist damage by UVB was tested periodically during the acclimation period by exposing samples to a defined UVB dose in the lab. Changes in chlorophyll fluorescence ( F v / F m and effective quantum yield, φ II ) indicated that PSII function was inhibited during the initial stage of acclimation but gradually improved with time. No difference among screening treatments was detected except in spring for the samples acclimating to PAR + UVA + UVB. In this treatment F v /F m and φ II were significantly lower than in the other treatments. During the first week of each experiment, growth rates were also significantly reduced by UVB. The reductions occurred despite maximum MAA content, indicating an incomplete protection of photosynthetic and growth‐related processes.
Molecular Characterization of Intestinal Absorption of Drugs by Carrier-Mediated Transport Mechanisms (1997)

It has long been thought that intestinal absorption of most of the drugs proceeds by passive diffusion mechanism, in which lipid solubility of the drug molecule is a determinant factor. However, water-soluble natural compounds such as amino acids and sugars can move across cell membranes by the specialized carrier-mediated transport mechanisms. Although some drugs which are structurally analogous to natural compounds have been suggested to be absorbed by such transporters, no clear evidence for the involvement of carrier-mediated transport mechanisms has been obtained. In the present study, through the approach by means of the molecular cloning and functional expression of drug transporters as well as membrane physiological analysis for the drug transport across the intestinal epithelial cell membranes, participation of the carrier-mediated transport mechanisms for the drug absorption was clarified. They include peptide transporter, monocarboxylic acid transporter, anion antiporter, and P-glycoprotein. Most of them have a function for the uptake of drugs into epithelial cells, leading to the increased absorption of drugs, whereas P-glycoprotein excludes drugs into the lumen, thereby decreasing the apparent absorbability of drugs. A rat intestinal monocarboxylic acid-proton cotransporter, MCT1, and an anion antiporter, AE2, were suggested to contribute to the pH-dependent intestinal absorption of monocarboxylic acids such as benzoic acid, lactic acid, nicotinic acid, and valproic acid. An involvement of such pH-dependent transporters in the intestinal absorption of weak organic acids is important, because they may have an alternative mechanism against passive diffusion according to the pH-partition hypothesis. PepT1 cloned from rat intestinal epithelial cells as a peptide transporter was clarified to localize at the intestinal epithelia brush-border membrane and to function for the absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics by the proton-gradient energized mechanism. In contrast, P-glycoprotein functions for the secretion of drugs into the intestinal lumen, thereby decreasing intestinal absorption of an immunosuppressive, cyclosporin A and a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, azasetron. These lines of studies on the clarification of carrier-mediated drug absorption mechanisms will provide new knowledge for the strategies to the enhancement of intestinal absorption of drugs.
105 W, <10  ps, TEM_00 laser output based on an in-band pumped Nd:YVO_4 Innoslab amplifier (2012)

We reported on a compact and efficient in-band pumped Nd:YVO4 partially pumped slab (Innoslab) picosecond amplifier. A new method for mode-matching was demonstrated to simplify the amplifier design. Integrating the benefits of the in-band pumping technique and the excellent thermal management of the Innoslab amplifier design, a 105 W, 8.4 ps laser output was achieved with near-diffraction limited beam quality of M(x)(2)=1.12 and M(y)(2)=1.09 in the orthogonal directions.
Non-Line-of-Sight Localization in Multipath Environments (2008)

This paper presents a comprehensive Non Line of Sight (NLOS) localization scheme and a least square estimator that leverages on the bi-directional estimation of the Angle of Arrival (AOA) and Time of Arrival (TOA) of signals exchanged between mobile and reference devices. The proposed localization scheme requires two or more signal paths which can be either Line of Sight (LOS) signals or Non-line of Sight (NLOS) multipath signals that undergo one bound scattering. Our multipath selection scheme is shown to be able to discard multiple bound scattering paths with a high degree accuracy. We used empirical data obtained through experimentation in a real environment to analyse the performance of our proposed localization scheme, and to compare it to the existing methods. The results of this experiment show that the proposed localization scheme that just uses two signal paths, is able to outperform the existing localization schemes in both LOS and extreme NLOS situations where all reference devices are in NLOS with the mobile device. This localization approach is very useful in multipath environments where it may not always be possible to have at least three reference devices in LOS with the mobile device.