gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of SU8 as a structural material for fabricating passive millimeter-wave and terahertz components (2015)

This paper provides a systematic review of the technical issues of SU8 fabrication for millimeter-wave and terahertz components based on research carried out at the University of Birmingham in the past decade. A design-for-manufacturability approach is followed. The flexibility of the SU8 process enables many device structures. Challenges and problems during fabrication will be discussed and demonstrated with examples. The measurement of the devices is also a significant challenge when the critical dimensions of the device shrink and special testing fixtures are needed in some cases. Finally, a brief overview of the issues discussed above is given for future guidance.
Directed Evolution of Cytochrome P450 for Small Alkane Hydroxylation (2011)

Methane is an ideal alternative to petroleum refining as a chemical feedstock source since it is highly abundant an inexpensive. However, the lack of selective methane oxidation catalysts has limited such utilization. Starting from cytochrome P450 CYP102A1 (BM3) from Bacillus megaterium, which prefers C12-C20 fatty acids as its substrates, I investigated several protein engineering approaches to shift the enzyme’s substrate specificity toward small gaseous alkanes, with the ultimate goal of methane. By continuing previous directed evolution efforts in our group, a variant with wild-type-like affinity and catalytic efficiency for propane, P450PMO, was isolated. To alleviate the loss of protein thermostability (~10 °C) as a result of this approach, mutations were targeted to the BM3 active site with site saturation mutagenesis, targeted mutagenesis with a reduced set of amino acids, and computationally guided library designs. From these enzyme libraries, variants were identified that replicated much of the P450PMO activities with a minimal number of mutations while maintaining wild-type thermostability. Continuing the protein engineering with a high throughput ethane hydroxylation screen, variants with improved in vitro ethane hydroxylation activity were obtained. However, in whole-cell ethane bioconversions, BM3-derived variants could not match the activity of a natural P450 alkane hydroxylase, CYP153A6. To investigate the oxidation capability of the P450 oxo-ferryl porphyrin radical intermediate directly, I employed a variety of terminal oxidants to support P450 alkane hydroxylation reactions abridging the P450 catalytic cycle. In this study, the CYP153A6 oxo-ferryl intermediate was able to oxidize methane in reactions using iodosylbenzene, which demonstrated that direct methane-to-methanol conversion by a P450 heme porphyrin catalyst at ambient conditions is possible and does not necessarily require the use of additional effectors to alter the active site geometry.
High-temperature nanoindentation testing of fused silica and other materials (2002)

AbstractThis paper describes a new high-temperature stage for small-scale mechanical property testing. This allows the determination of the load-penetration curve of a diamond tip in a temperature range extending from room temperature to 400°C. Both sample and indenter can be heated separately. Indentation curves show that very low thermal drift can be achieved. Nanoindentation results are presented for gold, soda—lime glass, fused silica and a polyimide and compared with existing microscale and bulk mechanical property data where available. Results from fused silica show that its mechanical properties exhibit a completely different temperature dependence from those of soda-lime glass, as expected since fused silica is an anomalous glass.
Two Major Medicinal Honeys Have Different Mechanisms of Bactericidal Activity (2011)

Honey is increasingly valued for its antibacterial activity, but knowledge regarding the mechanism of action is still incomplete. We assessed the bactericidal activity and mechanism of action of Revamil® source (RS) honey and manuka honey, the sources of two major medical-grade honeys. RS honey killed Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 2 hours, whereas manuka honey had such rapid activity only against B. subtilis. After 24 hours of incubation, both honeys killed all tested bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but manuka honey retained activity up to higher dilutions than RS honey. Bee defensin-1 and H₂O₂ were the major factors involved in rapid bactericidal activity of RS honey. These factors were absent in manuka honey, but this honey contained 44-fold higher concentrations of methylglyoxal than RS honey. Methylglyoxal was a major bactericidal factor in manuka honey, but after neutralization of this compound manuka honey retained bactericidal activity due to several unknown factors. RS and manuka honey have highly distinct compositions of bactericidal factors, resulting in large differences in bactericidal activity.
Fast Optical pH Manipulation and Imaging (2012)

We describe a complete system for optical pH manipulation and imaging. The system consists of a photoactive Ruthenium complex capable of inducing a change of more than 5 pH units at the nanosecond time scale. A compatible imaging system acquires microscopic pH images at 1200 fps using a nonexpensive commercial digital camera and an LED illumination system. We use the system as a superb tool to investigate flow in Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) models.
Treatment of the Common Wart by Induced Allergic Inflammation (1980)

In an uncontrolled investigation 63 selected patients with verrucae vulgares were sensitized with DNCB (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) with subsequent regular painting of the warts with DNCB. Only 86% of these patients could be sensitized, in contrast to 96% in a normal population. 20 patients had to be excluded from the material on account of defaulting or defective sensitization. In the remainder of the patients allergic type IV inflammation developed around the painted warts and 1 patient developed an urticarial type I reaction around the warts and on the body. In the patients with multiple warts, 80% (24/30) were cured. This corresponds to the percentage cure in patients with solitary warts. Complement-binding wart virus antibodies were present in 15% of the patients prior to the treatment and in 43% after the conclusion of treatment. This investigation provides a new method of treatment of verrucae vulgares and suggests that regression in warts is immunologically conditioned. On account of the risk of allergic side effects, the method should be carried out in special departments only.
A method for approximating solutions Of multicriterial nonlinear Optimization problems (1995)

An algorithm for approximating solutions of multicriterial nonlinear optimization problems of a class of discontinuous objective functions with disconnected constraint set is proposed in the framework of integral based optimization theory under some weak general assumptions. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm
Prevalence of Detectable Venous Pressure Drops Expected with Venous Needle Dislodgement (2013)

Venous needle dislodgement (VND) is a potentially fatal complication during hemodialysis (HD) treatment and the venous pressure monitor is the most widely used device for its detection. VND can only be detected by the venous sensor if the resulting pressure drop exceeds the difference between the actual venous pressure and the lower alarm limit. In clinical practice, the lower alarm limit is usually set 30-40 mmHg below the actual venous pressure to avoid a disproportionate high number of nuisance alarms. The aim of this study was to quantify the number of fistulas and grafts in a group of HD patients where venous pressure monitoring can be expected to detect VND. We determined intra-access pressures in 99 chronic HD patients. Sixty-five (65.7%) had a fistula and 34 (34.3%) had a prosthetic graft as a vascular access. Mean intra-access pressure (Pa ) in fistulas was 32.6 ± 23.5 mmHg, whereas in grafts mean Pa was 60.9 ± 19.5 mmHg. Nineteen (29.2%) of the fistulas and 32 (94.1%) of the grafts exhibited an intra-access pressure above 40 mmHg. Therefore, in our study nearly all grafts but only 29% of fistulas would fulfill the requirement for venous pressure monitoring to detect VND.
Using announce-listen with global events to develop distributed control systems (1998)

We specify an abstract model for dynamic distributed control systems in which the component objects make local decisions based on system-wide constraints and approximate global state. We focus on the issue of distributed resource management, exploring a solution that is both compositional and scalable because it builds global events into the Java infrastructure by exploiting its multicast facilities. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Acrylate Esters of Ethylene Glycol (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Acrylate Esters of Ethylene GlycolJ. G. Burtle, J. C. Saam, and L. C. MokraschCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1952, 17, 10, 1302–1304Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo50010a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50010a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time-Multiplexed Laguerre-Gaussian holographic optical tweezers for biological applications (2006)

A ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator is used to generate up to 24 independently controllable traps in a holographic optical tweezers system using time-multiplexed Fresnel zone plates. For use in biological applications, helical zone plates are used to generate Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes. The high speed switching of the ferroelectric device together with recent advances in computer technology enable fast, smooth movement of traps that can be independently controlled in real time. This is demonstrated by the trapping and manipulation of yeast cells and fungal spores.
A Switch-Type Power Amplifier and Its Application to a CDMA Cellphone (2006)

To address the demand for miniaturization and low cost in a cellphone, we aimed to eliminate the isolator and DC-DC converter. We propose a novel switch-type power amplifier (PA) using a strong junction PHEMT (JPHEMT) PA instead of HBT from the point of view of the performance under load-impedance variation. In high output power mode, the performance of this PA is the same as that of the conventional PA. In low output power mode, it operates as a single-stage PA and satisfies distortion characteristics without causing deterioration of efficiency
Optimum Control Logic for Manual Transmission (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A control logic for manual transmission has successfully been developed which can automatically determine optimum gear position for fuel economy based on the data obtained from driving force, vehicle speed and acceleration.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Using this logic, a “Shift Advisory System” for heavy duty commercial vehicles with diesel engine has been developed and its excellent effects have been confirmed by evaluating running performance and fuel consumption performance of the vehicle operated in accordance with the instructions of the “Shift Advisory System”.</div>
Antihormones in health and disease : proceedings of a satellite symposium of the 2nd European Congress of Endocrinology, Ljublana, July 7, 1990 (1991)

The availability today of a growing number of newly synthesized antihormones has provided a novel means of investigating the molecular actions of hormones and controlling contraception and hormone-dependent dysfunction. The contributors to this volume present the latest developments in the field of hormone antagonists, from both biological and clinical perspectives, with particular emphasis on steroid hormone structure and function. A feature of the book is the discussion of the mechanisms of action and effects of the antiglucocorticoid RU 38486, as well as the potential application of its dissociated parts for the treatment of hormone-dependent conditions including breast cancer and hypertension.
Chromogenic Photonic Crystal Sensors Enabled by Multistimuli‐Responsive Shape Memory Polymers (2018)

Here novel chromogenic photonic crystal sensors based on smart shape memory polymers (SMPs) comprising polyester/polyether-based urethane acrylates blended with tripropylene glycol diacrylate are reported, which exhibit nontraditional all-room-temperature shape memory (SM) effects. Stepwise recovery of the collapsed macropores with 350 nm diameter created by a "cold" programming process leads to easily perceived color changes that can be correlated with the concentrations of swelling analytes in complex, multicomponent nonswelling mixtures. High sensitivity (as low as 10 ppm) and unprecedented measurement range (from 10 ppm to 30 vol%) for analyzing ethanol in octane and gasoline have been demonstrated by leveraging colorimetric sensing in both liquid and gas phases. Proof-of-concept tests for specifically detecting ethanol in consumer medical and healthcare products have also been demonstrated. These sensors are inexpensive, reusable, durable, and readily deployable with mobile platforms for quantitative analysis. Additionally, theoretical modeling of solvent diffusion in macroporous SMPs provides fundamental insights into the mechanisms of nanoscopic SM recovery, which is a topic that has received little examination. These novel sensors are of great technological importance in a wide spectrum of applications ranging from environmental monitoring and workplace hazard identification to threat detection and process/product control in chemical, petroleum, and pharmaceutical industries.
Acousto-optical coherence tomography with a digital holographic detection scheme (2012)

Acousto-optical coherence tomography (AOCT) consists in using random phase jumps on ultrasound and light to achieve a millimeter resolution when imaging thick scattering media. We combined this technique with heterodyne off-axis digital holography. Two-dimensional images of absorbing objects embedded in scattering phantoms are obtained with a good signal-to-noise ratio. We study the impact of the phase modulation characteristics on the amplitude of the acousto-optic signal and on the contrast and apparent size of the absorbing inclusion.
Graphene oxide–carbon nanotube hybrid assemblies: cooperatively strengthened OH⋯OC hydrogen bonds and the removal of chemisorbed water (2017)

Owing to their great significance for energy storage and sensing applications, multi-layer papers consisting of graphene oxide-carbon nanotube (GO-CNT) hybrid sheets were prepared by <i>in situ</i> exfoliation of graphite oxide in the presence of oxidized CNTs (oCNTs). For the first time we elucidate the influence of oCNTs on chemisorbed water (CW), <i>i.e.</i> the water molecules inherently bound to the oxygen functional groups (OFGs) of graphene oxide (GO) and responsible for irreversible structural damage upon thermal reduction processes. We show that oCNTs self-assemble onto GO sheets during the liquid phase processing steps by forming cooperatively strengthened OH···O[double bond, length as m-dash]C hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic groups of the oCNTs and OFGs of GO. At oCNT amounts of about 10 to 15 wt% this leads to the displacement of considerable amounts of CW without altering the original chemical composition of GO. The thermally reduced GO-CNT (rGO-CNT) papers reveal improved sp<sup>2</sup> character and an enhancement of the specific capacitance by 75% with respect to thermally reduced GO (rGO), largely due to the effective removal of CW by oxidized CNTs. These findings disclose the relevance of the cooperative hydrogen bonding phenomena in graphene oxide paper/film electrodes for the development of improved electrochemical energy storage and sensing devices.
Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761<sup>®</sup> in Children with ADHD (2014)

This preliminary evidence suggests that EGb 761® at a maximal dosage of 240 mg daily might be a clinically useful alternative treatment for children with ADHD, but further evidence is required before firm conclusions can be made.
Discovery of the breast cancer gene <i>BASE</i> using a molecular approach to enrich for genes encoding membrane and secreted proteins (2003)

To identify unknown membrane proteins that could be used as targets for breast and prostate cancer immunotherapies and secreted proteins to be used as diagnostic markers, a cDNA library was generated from membrane-associated polyribosomal RNA derived from four breast cancer cell lines, one normal breast cell line, and a prostate cancer cell line. The membrane-associated polyribosomal cDNA library was subtracted with RNA from normal brain, liver, lung, kidney, and muscle. Of the 15,581 clones sequenced from the subtracted cDNA library, sequences from 10,506 clones map to known genes, but 5,075 sequences, representing 3,181 unique transcripts, are not associated with known genes. As one example, we experimentally investigated expression of a previously uncharacterized breast cancer gene that encodes a secreted protein designated BASE (breast cancer and salivary gland expression). BASE is expressed in many breast cancers but not in essential normal tissues including the five organs used for subtraction. Further analysis of this library should yield additional gene products of use in the diagnosis or treatment of breast or prostate cancer.
Substrate effects on the magnetic characteristics of sputtered media (1989)

The magnetic characteristics of C/CoNiCr/Cr longitudinal recording media on NiCuP-plated substrates and various Al-Mg alloy substrates were investigated and compared with the conventional NiP-plated substrates. It was found that the media on the NiCuP-plated substrates had a flatter envelope waveform. The error characteristics of the media directly sputter-deposited on the Al-Mg alloy substrate made from high-purity Al ground metal or by rapid solidification were almost the same as those of the media on the NiP substrates. The Al-Mg alloy substrate finished by electrolytic abrasive polishing exhibited a higher resistance to corrosion than that finished by diamond turning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stereoselective Synthesis of (2S,4R)-2-Amino-4-hydroxyadipic Acid, the Characteristic Amino Acid of Theonellamide F (1994)

(2S,4R)-2-Amino-4-hydroxyadipic acid (2), a constituent of theonellamide F (1) from a marine sponge, has been efficiently synthesized as its protected form 9a by asymmetric reduction of the ß-keto ester 6 derived from the protected aspartic acid derivative 5.
Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Data Channel (2017)

The document specifies a Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
Signaling (DOTS) data channel used for bulk exchange of data not
easily or appropriately communicated through the DOTS signal channel
under attack conditions. This is a companion document to the DOTS
signal channel specification.
Power monitoring in dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (2011)

We report on propagating mode power monitoring in dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) by measuring the resistance of gold stripes supporting the DLSPPW mode propagation. Inevitable absorption of the DLSPPW mode in metal causes an increase in the stripe temperature and, thereby, in its resistance whose variations are monitored with an external Wheatstone bridge being accurately balanced in the absence of radiation in a waveguide. The investigated waveguide configuration consists of a 1-µm-thick and 10-µm-wide polymer ridges tapered laterally to a 1-µm-wide ridge placed on a 50-nm-thin and 4-µm-wide gold stripe, all supported by a magnesium fluoride substrate. Using single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber for in- and out-coupling of radiation, DLSPPW mode power monitoring at telecom wavelengths is realized with the responsivities of up to ~1.8 µV/µW (showing weak wavelength dependence) being evaluated for a bias voltage of 1 V.
Functional Electrical Stimulation in Spinal Cord Injury Respiratory Care (2012)

The management of chronic respiratory insufficiency and/or long-term inability to breathe independently has traditionally been via positive-pressure ventilation through a mechanical ventilator. Although life-sustaining, it is associated with limitations of function, lack of independence, decreased quality of life, sleep disturbance, and increased risk for infections. In addition, its mechanical and electronic complexity requires full understanding of the possible malfunctions by patients and caregivers. Ventilator-associated pneumonia, tracheal injury, and equipment malfunction account for common complications of prolonged ventilation, and respiratory infections are the most common cause of death in spinal cord-injured patients. The development of functional electric stimulation (FES) as an alternative to mechanical ventilation has been motivated by a goal to improve the quality of life of affected individuals. In this article, we will review the physiology, types, characteristics, risks and benefits, surgical techniques, and complications of the 2 commercially available FES strategies - phrenic nerve pacing (PNP) and diaphragm motor point pacing (DMPP).
A Regulatory Loop Involving PAX6, MITF, and WNT Signaling Controls Retinal Pigment Epithelium Development (2012)

The separation of the optic neuroepithelium into future retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a critical event in early eye development in vertebrates. Here we show in mice that the transcription factor PAX6, well-known for its retina-promoting activity, also plays a crucial role in early pigment epithelium development. This role is seen, however, only in a background genetically sensitized by mutations in the pigment cell transcription factor MITF. In fact, a reduction in Pax6 gene dose exacerbates the RPE-to-retina transdifferentiation seen in embryos homozygous for an Mitf null allele, and it induces such a transdifferentiation in embryos that are either heterozygous for the Mitf null allele or homozygous for an RPE-specific hypomorphic Mitf allele generated by targeted mutation. Conversely, an increase in Pax6 gene dose interferes with transdifferentiation even in homozygous Mitf null embryos. Gene expression analyses show that, together with MITF or its paralog TFEC, PAX6 suppresses the expression of Fgf15 and Dkk3. Explant culture experiments indicate that a combination of FGF and DKK3 promote retina formation by inhibiting canonical WNT signaling and stimulating the expression of retinogenic genes, including Six6 and Vsx2. Our results demonstrate that in conjunction with Mitf/Tfec Pax6 acts as an anti-retinogenic factor, whereas in conjunction with retinogenic genes it acts as a pro-retinogenic factor. The results suggest that careful manipulation of the Pax6 regulatory circuit may facilitate the generation of retinal and pigment epithelium cells from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells.