gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LUMBAR SPINAL MANIPULATION ON TRIAL PART I—CLINICAL ASSESSMENT (1978)

Thirty-two patients with chronic low back pain were treated three times at weekly intervals with rotational manipulation. Patients with femoral or sciatic root pain were included provided they did not exhibit root compression signs. Background therapy of codeine phosphate was administered throughout. There was a significant increase in spinal flexion measured clinically during the three-week period of manipulation followed by a significant decrease in the three-week period after manipulation. The first week of manipulative treatment was more painful than the corresponding week in the control group but in the second and third weeks there was less pain in the manipulated group. Pain scores were reduced to a significant degree within four weeks of starting treatment only in the group manipulated in the first treatment period. Patients benefitting subjectively from manipulation were more likely to be older and to have had symptoms for a shorter period than those not deriving benefit. The age of onset of symptoms was significantly later in the responders.
Murine cytotoxic activated macrophages inhibit aconitase in tumor cells. Inhibition involves the iron-sulfur prosthetic group and is reversible. (1986)

Previous studies show that cytotoxic activated macrophages cause inhibition of DNA synthesis, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, and loss of intracellular iron from tumor cells. Here we examine aconitase, a citric acid cycle enzyme with a catalytically active iron-sulfur cluster, to determine if iron-sulfur clusters are targets for activated macrophage-induced iron removal. Results show that aconitase activity declines dramatically in target cells after 4 h of co-cultivation with activated macrophages. Aconitase inhibition occurs simultaneously with arrest of DNA synthesis, another early activated macrophage-induced metabolic change in target cells. Dithionite partially prevents activated macrophage induced aconitase inhibition. Furthermore, incubation of injured target cells in medium supplemented with ferrous ion plus a reducing agent causes near-complete reconstitution of aconitase activity. The results show that removal of a labile iron atom from the [4Fe-4S] cluster, by a cytotoxic activated macrophage-mediated mechanism, is causally related to aconitase inhibition.
Insulin‐like growth factor type 1 receptor signaling in the cells of oligodendrocyte lineage is required for normal <i>in vivo</i> oligodendrocyte development and myelination (2006)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been shown to be a potent agent in promoting the growth and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursors, and in stimulating myelination during development and following injury. To definitively determine whether IGF-I acts directly on the cells of oligodendrocyte lineage, we generated lines of mice in which the type 1 IGF receptor gene (igf1r) was conditionally ablated either in Olig1 or proteolipid protein expressing cells (termed IGF1R(pre-oligo-ko) and IGF1R(oligo-ko) mice, respectively). Compared with wild type mice, IGF1R(pre-oligo-ko) mice had a decreased volume (by 35-55%) and cell number (by 54-70%) in the corpus callosum (CC) and anterior commissure at 2 and 6 weeks of age, respectively. IGF1R(oligo-ko) mice by 25 weeks of age also showed reductions, albeit less marked, in CC volume and cell number. Unlike astrocytes, the percentage of NG2(+) oligodendrocyte precursors was decreased by approximately 13% in 2-week-old IGF1R(pre-oligo-ko) mice, while the percentage of CC1(+) mature oligodendrocytes was decreased by approximately 24% in 6-week-old IGF1R(pre-oligo-ko) mice and approximately 25% in 25-week-old IGF1R(oligo-ko) mice. The reduction in these cells is apparently a result of decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. These results indicate that IGF-I directly affects oligodendrocytes and myelination in vivo via IGF1R, and that IGF1R signaling in the cells of oligodendrocyte lineage is required for normal oligodendrocyte development and myelination. These data also provide a fundamental basis for developing strategies with the potential to target IGF-IGF1R signaling pathways in oligodendrocyte lineage cells for the treatment of demyelinating disorders.
Hydrothermal Photochemistry as a Mechanistic Tool in Organic Geochemistry: The Chemistry of Dibenzyl Ketone (2014)

Hydrothermal organic transformations under geochemically relevant conditions can result in complex product mixtures that form via multiple reaction pathways. The hydrothermal decomposition reactions of the model ketone dibenzyl ketone form a mixture of reduction, dehydration, fragmentation, and coupling products that suggest simultaneous and competitive radical and ionic reaction pathways. Here we show how Norrish Type I photocleavage of dibenzyl ketone can be used to independently generate the benzyl radicals previously proposed as the primary intermediates for the pure hydrothermal reaction. Under hydrothermal conditions, the benzyl radicals undergo hydrogen atom abstraction from dibenzyl ketone and para-coupling reactions that are not observed under ambient conditions. The photochemical method allows the primary radical coupling products to be identified, and because these products are generated rapidly, the method also allows the kinetics of the subsequent dehydration and Paal-Knorr cyclization reactions to be measured. In this way, the radical and ionic thermal and hydrothermal reaction pathways can be studied separately.
The pinch rectifier: A low-forward-drop high-speed power diode (1984)

A new concept for reducing the forward voltage drop of Schottky rectifiers without incurring excessive reverse leakage currents is introduced. In this concept, a junction grid is incorporated beneath the Schottky barrier to pinch off current flow during reverse blocking. Experimental results that demonstrate the capability to reduce the forward drop from 0.6 to 0.4 V without incurring an increase in leakage current are presented.
An immunoreactive, water-soluble conidial wall fraction of Coccidioides immitis (1987)

Arthroconidia stripped of their outer, hydrophobic wall layer release an immunoreactive, water-soluble fraction (SCWF), the composition of which is examined in this paper. The immunogenicity of SCWF was determined by its reactivity with anti-Coccidioides immitis complement-fixing antibody and tube precipitin antibody in a standardized immunodiffusion assay as well as reactivity in a lymphocyte proliferation assay. SCWF was shown to be more immunoreactive for immune lymphocytes than selected cytosol and culture supernatant fractions of C. immitis. Rabbit antisera raised against SCWF were used in immunoelectron-microscopic and immunofluorescence studies to confirm that the immunoreactive components of SCWF are primarily associated with the inner conidial wall. The antigenic composition of the conidial wall fraction was characterized by advancing-line immunoelectrophoresis with the previously established coccidioidin reference system. Protein composition was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Chromatographic fractionation of SCWF was performed on a Sephacryl S-300 preparative column. Selected fractions which showed significantly higher immunoreactivity and less complex antigenic composition than whole SCWF were characterized. Two heat-sensitive antigens of Sephacryl fraction 3a were identified. One or both of these antigens may correspond to the complement-fixing antigen, which is potentially important as an immunodiagnostic antigen. Fraction 4 contained a previously described wall-associated antigen (AgCS) which may also be of immunodiagnostic value. We conclude that the conidial envelope is a reservoir of immunoreactive macromolecules which may play significant roles in early stages of infection.
All-reflective phase-shifting masks for Markle–Dyson optics (1992)

Previous work using a Markle–Dyson projection system, operating at 248 nm wavelength, demonstrated 0.19 μm resolution with nonphase-shifting masks. The use of Levenson-type phase-shifting masks should in principle, allow sub-0.1 μm feature resolution using a k1 of 0.25. To investigate this possibility, a novel reflective phase mask was fabricated and used on the Markle–Dyson system to projection print 0.125 μm lines and spaces in photoresist. An analytical study has been carried out to determine the tolerance of alternating-phase masks to errors in linewidth and phase.
Cardiovascular Complications of Breast Cancer Therapy in Older Adults (2011)

Older adults frequently have pre-existing and cancer-related risk factors for cardiovascular toxicity from cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the risk factors and strategies for prevention and management of cardiovascular complications in older women with breast cancer.
Measurement of endogenous Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase inhibitors in human plasma and urine using high‐performance liquid chromatography (1984)

This study was undertaken to assess endogenous Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitors in both plasma and urine in the same subjects. Samples were chromatographed on reverse-phase HPLC using an acetonitrile gradient and the eluent screened using Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition and cross-reaction with anti-digoxin antibodies. The donors were divided into inhibiting and non-inhibiting subjects using a previously described method, plasma action on ouabain binding and on Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Three Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitors (1P, 2P and 3P) were detectable in plasma; the antibodies cross-reaction of the peaks 2P and 3P were larger than that of peak 1P. The peaks 2P and 3P were significantly higher in inhibiting subjects as compared to non-inhibiting subjects. The 24-h urine is resolved into two peaks inhibiting Na+,K+-ATPase activity (1U and 2U). Peak 2U cross-reacted with anti-digoxin antibodies to a greater extent than peak 1U and is significantly larger in inhibiting subjects in terms of Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition. These data support the heterogeneity of human Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor in both plasma and urine.
When local becomes global: an application study of data consistency in a networked world (2002)

As users and companies depend increasingly on shared, networked information services, and as companies and customers become more international, computer systems will need to keep pace with a global scale. We believe that we will continue to see growth in large data centers and service providers as new information services arise and existing services are consolidated on one hand (for ease of management, outsourcing, and reduced duplication), and further distributed on the other hand (for fault-tolerance of critical services and to accommodate the global reach of companies and customers). This paper looks at storage systems in such a networked global environment, studies the characteristics of applications demands on the storage system and quantifies how these demands might be supported in such an environment. Our study focuses on a collection of traces from several large commercial workloads taken on single, centralized servers, and explores the inherent consistency and performance requirements if these same applications were moved into a networked, distributed setting. Rather than focussing on applications or services "designed for the Web", we look at applications designed to operate on local storage and examine how well or poorly they would fare if they were migrated to a distributed setting.
Gastrodin Inhibits Allodynia and Hyperalgesia in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Rats by Decreasing Excitability of Nociceptive Primary Sensory Neurons (2012)

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and adversely affects the patients' quality of life. Evidence has accumulated that PDN is associated with hyperexcitability of peripheral nociceptive primary sensory neurons. However, the precise cellular mechanism underlying PDN remains elusive. This may result in the lacking of effective therapies for the treatment of PDN. The phenolic glucoside, gastrodin, which is a main constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Gastrodia elata Blume, has been widely used as an anticonvulsant, sedative, and analgesic since ancient times. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying its analgesic actions are not well understood. By utilizing a combination of behavioral surveys and electrophysiological recordings, the present study investigated the role of gastrodin in an experimental rat model of STZ-induced PDN and to further explore the underlying cellular mechanisms. Intraperitoneal administration of gastrodin effectively attenuated both the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by STZ injection. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were obtained from nociceptive, capsaicin-sensitive small diameter neurons of the intact dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Recordings from diabetic rats revealed that the abnormal hyperexcitability of neurons was greatly abolished by application of GAS. To determine which currents were involved in the antinociceptive action of gastrodin, we examined the effects of gastrodin on transient sodium currents (I(NaT)) and potassium currents in diabetic small DRG neurons. Diabetes caused a prominent enhancement of I(NaT) and a decrease of potassium currents, especially slowly inactivating potassium currents (I(AS)); these effects were completely reversed by GAS in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, changes in activation and inactivation kinetics of I(NaT) and total potassium current as well as I(AS) currents induced by STZ were normalized by GAS. This study provides a clear cellular basis for the peripheral analgesic action of gastrodin for the treatment of chronic pain, including PDN.
Popular Ethnic Foods in the United States: A Historical and Safety Perspective (2013)

In recent years, a dramatic increase in the demand for ethnic foods in the United States has been observed. Interestingly, with their rise in popularity, more foodborne illness outbreaks associated with ethnic foods have also been reported. Despite a more than 200-y history of ethnic foods in the United States, there is a paucity of information about them. Furthermore, there is also a lack of research on food safety issues involving ethnic foods. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of ethnic foods, including the history, types, popularity, characteristics, ingredients, and consumer attitudes toward them. Importantly, this review provides an analysis of the statistics of foodborne illness outbreaks associated with ethnic foods based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The breakdown of etiology of ethnic foods identified the number of total outbreaks, the causative microorganisms, the food vectors, and the locations where foodborne disease outbreaks have occurred. Also covered is a review of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system implementation, food safety training, and inspection score systems related to ethnic foods and how these can serve as effective tools for the prevention of foodborne illness outbreaks. This study contributes to the body of food safety literature by providing helpful information about ethnic foods in the United States.
Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Foods at High Pressure (1999)

ABSTRACT The line heat source probe method, widely used for determining thermal conductivity of food materials, was applied in a pilot scale high‐pressure unit and the possibility of extending this technique to pressures up to 400 MPa was investigated. Commercially canned tomato paste and apple pulp were used as test products. Probes were calibrated to 1.5% agar gel. A probe specific pressure‐ and temperature‐dependant calibration factor was applied. The accuracy at high‐pressure was similar to published values. Given the simplicity of the method, this approach seems very promising for determining thermal conductivity of foods over a range of pressures and temperatures.
Traffic Management as a Service: The Traffic Flow Pattern Classification Problem (2015)

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technologies can be implemented to reduce both fuel consumption and the associated emission of greenhouse gases. However, such systems require intelligent and effective route planning solutions to reduce travel time and promote stable traveling speeds. To achieve such goal these systems should account for both estimated and real-time traffic congestion states, but obtaining reliable traffic congestion estimations for all the streets/avenues in a city for the different times of the day, for every day in a year, is a complex task. Modeling such a tremendous amount of data can be time-consuming and, additionally, centralized computation of optimal routes based on such time-dependencies has very high data processing requirements. In this paper we approach this problem through a heuristic to considerably reduce the modeling effort while maintaining the benefits of time-dependent traffic congestion modeling. In particular, we propose grouping streets by taking into account real traces describing the daily traffic pattern. The effectiveness of this heuristic is assessed for the city of Valencia, Spain, and the results obtained show that it is possible to reduce the required number of daily traffic flow patterns by a factor of 4210 while maintaining the essence of time-dependent modeling requirements.
Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Enantioselective Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of <i>N</i>-Aryl Glycine Esters with Terminal Alkynes (2016)

A copper-catalyzed enantioselective cross-coupling of a Csp3-H moiety (N-aryl glycine ester) with a Csp-H component (terminal alkyne) using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant is described for the first time. The sustainable method provides an efficient and environmentally friendly approach to rapidly prepare a diverse array of optically active non-natural α-amino acids.
Coupling of poly(A) site selection and trans-splicing in Leishmania. (1993)

Intergenic regions of polycistronic pre-mRNAs of trypanosomatid protozoans are the sites of two processing reactions: polyadenylation of the upstream gene and trans-splicing of the capped miniexon to the downstream gene. Their close proximity and the lack of consensus motifs at poly(A) sites led us to test whether poly(A) site selection is governed by the location of the downstream splice acceptor in the DHFR-TS locus of Leishmania major. Whenever the position of the downstream splice site was altered, the poly(A) site was shifted 400-500 nucleotides upstream of the new splice site. In contrast, when the wild-type poly(A) site was eliminated, the downstream splice site was unaffected, and polyadenylation was maintained 200-500 nucleotides upstream of the splice site. In a second set of experiments, T7 RNA polymerase expressed in Leishmania was used to direct the synthesis of artificial pre-RNAs in vivo whose expression was found to require the presence of a downstream splice acceptor. We conclude that poly(A) site selection in Leishmania is specified by the position of the downstream splice acceptor and propose a scanning model for poly(A) site selection after splice site recognition.
Understanding consistency maintenance in service discovery architectures during communication failure (2002)

Current trends suggest future software systems will comprise collections of components that combine and recombine dynamically in reaction to changing conditions. Service-discovery protocols, which enable software components to locate available software services and to adapt to changing system topology, provide one foundation for such dynamic behavior. Emerging discovery protocols specify alternative architectures and behaviors, which motivate a rigorous investigation of the properties underlying their designs. Here, we assess the ability of selected designs for service-discovery protocols to maintain consistency in a distributed system during catastrophic communication failure. We use an architecture description language, called Rapide, to model two different architectures (two-party and three-party) and two different consistency-maintenance mechanisms (polling and notification). We use our models to investigate performance differences among combinations of architecture and consistency-maintenance mechanism as interface-failure rate increases. We measure system performance along three dimensions: (1) update responsiveness (How much latency is required to propagate changes?), (2) update effectiveness (What is the probability that a node receives a change?), and (3) update efficiency (How many messages must be sent to propagate a change throughout the topology?). We use Rapide to understand how failure-recovery strategies contribute to differences in performance. We also recommend improvements to architecture description languages.
Prechirp technique for dispersion compensation for a high-speed long-span transmission (1991)

Dispersion compensation by the prechirp technique is theoretically investigated, and experimental results are discussed. An improvement of more than two times was observed for dispersion-limited transmission lengths in 5-Gb/s, 150-km and 10-Gb/s, 50-km transmission with a semiconductor electroabsorption external modulator and a normal fiber. An allowable transmission fiber dispersion of 10000 ps/nm and 2.5 Gb/s is estimated by computer simulation with this prechirp technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication and Characterization of an Ultra‐High‐Temperature Carbon Fiber‐Reinforced ZrB <sub>2</sub> –SiC Matrix Composite (2007)

A novel carbon fiber‐reinforced ZrB 2 –SiC matrix composite was fabricated by heaterless chemical vapor infiltration through infiltration of SiC matrix into a carbon fiber‐ZrB 2 powder preform. The C/ZrB 2 –SiC composite presented a flexural strength of 148 MPa, a fracture toughness of 5.6 MPa·m 1/2 , and a good oxidation and ablation resistance.
Frontispiz: Mesoporous Silica Particles Integrated with All‐Inorganic CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Quantum‐Dot Nanocomposites (MP‐PQDs) with High Stability and Wide Color Gamut Used for Backlight Display (2016)

Perowskit-Leuchtdioden. Die weiße LED-Einheit, die R. S. Liu et al. in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 8056 ff. vorstellen, beruht auf der Anregung eines Siliconharzes, das grüne Quantenpunkte aus mesoporösem Siliciumdioxid-CsPbBr3 und rote CsPb(Br0.4I0.6)3-Perowsit-Quantenpunkte enthält und sich auf einem blauen InGaN-Chip befindet.
Influence of Oncogenicity of Marek's Disease Virus on Evaluation of Genetic Resistance (1981)

Resistance to Marek's disease ( MD) is, in part, genetically determined and linked to the major histocompatability complex. The genetic resistance of 9 previously characterized lines of chickens and also of the inbred UCD-003 and 4 congenic lines was evaluated by challenge with JM-10. Five lines were highly resistant. These included the N-line and two derivatives from N-line (N-2 and N-5), PDRC strain, and one of the congenic UCD lines. The PDRC genotype is unknown, but the 3 related lines carry the B21 allele and the UCD line carries the BQ allele, which appears to be similar to B21. The UCD-003 and the other 3 congenic lines were moderately resistant while S-strain, P-2 and P-5 lines were highly susceptible to JM-10. The total MD incidence varied from 0 to 100% among the lines. Challenge with highly oncogenic virus isolates like GA-5, and especially the recently isolated RB-1B, caused high incidences of MD in all lines and, thus, did not permit differentiation of genetic resistance levels as was possible with the less oncogenic JM-10.