gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium homeostasis in smooth muscle cells. (1996)

Calcium triggers muscle contraction and is a second messenger of hormones and growth factors that regulate metabolism, gene expression, and secretion in smooth muscle cells (SMC). SMC contain dozens of proteins that bind Ca2+ either to buffer changes in ionized calcium or to elicit a cellular response such contraction or secretion. Although there practically an infinite supply of Ca2+ in extracellular medium, SMC respond to a variety of stimuli by mobilizing Ca2+ accumulated in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), where most cellular Ca2+ resides. The SR of smooth muscle resembles the endoplasmic reticulum of nonmuscle cells and accumulates Ca2+ via the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Stimuli, such as angiotensin II, produce inositol 1,4,5,-trisphosphate (IP3), which regulates a Ca2+ channel of the SR. IP3 binding opens the channel and produces a "spike" in the cytoplasmic concentration of free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). The spike is largely due to the release of stored Ca2+ because hormonal stimulation produces similar spikes in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+. Ca2+ ejection from the cell, rather than reaccumulation by the SR, is responsible for rapidly decreasing [Ca2+]i from the peak level produced by the stimulus. Release of SR Ca2+ and activation of plasma membrane Ca2+ efflux mechanisms markedly decrease total cell Ca2+. Two independent Ca2+ transporters in the plasma membrane, the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger and the Ca2+ ATPase, actively eject Ca2+ from SMC. The Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger is largely responsible for the acute phase of Ca2+ ejection, whereas the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase contributes to the sustained increase in Ca2+ efflux from stimulated SMC. Following Ca2+ release from the SR and ejection from the cell, Ca2+ enters via channels, which sustain a modest increase in [Ca2+]i and a gradual refilling of the SR. Mitochondria have an important role in intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Mitochondrial metabolism is highly responsive to transient increases in [Ca2+]i, although mitochondria are not a Ca2+ repository. Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria is driven by the highly favorable electrochemical potential difference across the inner membrane. Mitochondria actively expel Ca2+ via a H(+)-Ca2+ or Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger. Ca2+ uptake and ejection by mitochondria contributes to temporal and spatial oscillations in [Ca2+]i. accelerated Ca2+ cycling between the Sr, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and the environment is a hallmark of cell stimulation.
A Structural Investigation of the N−B Interaction in an <i>o</i>-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dialkylaminomethyl)arylboronate System (2006)

o-(Pyrrolidinylmethyl)phenylboronic acid (4) and its complexes with bifunctional substrates such as catechol, alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid, and hydrobenzoin have been studied in detail by X-ray crystallography, (11)B NMR, and computational analysis. The N-B interactions in analogous boronic acids and esters have been extensively cited in molecular recognition and chemosensing literature. The focal point of this study was to determine the factors that are pertinent to the formation of an intramolecular N-B dative bond. Our structural study predicts that the formation of an N-B dative bond, and/or solvent insertion to afford a tetrahedral boronate anion, depends on the solvent and the complexing substrate present. Specifically, from (11)B NMR studies, complexation of 4 with electron-withdrawing and/or vicinally bifunctionalized substrates promotes both the formation of N-B dative bonds and the solvation of sp(2) boron to a tetrahedral sp(3) boronate. In the solid state, the presence of an N-B dative bond in the complex of 4 and catechol (7) depends on the solvent from which it crystallizes. From chloroform, an N-B bond was observed, whereas from methanol, a methoxylated boronate was formed, where the methoxy group is hydrogen-bonded with the neighboring tertiary ammonium ion. The structural optimization of compounds 4 and 7 using density functional theory in a simulated water continuum also predicts that complexation of 4 and catechol promotes either the formation of an N-B bond or solvolysis if 1 equiv of water is present. The conclusion from this study will help in the design of future chemosensing technologies based on o-(N,N-dialkylaminomethyl)arylboronate scaffolds that are targeting physiologically important substances such as saccharides, alpha-hydroxycarboxylates, and catecholamines.
Effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on secretions of human monokines (1998)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of newly developed selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, KF19514 (type l/IV) and cilostazol (type III), and theophylline on the secretions of tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) from human peripheral monocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccha- ride (LPS). Human blood monocytes were incubated with LPS in the absence or presence of KF19514, cilostazol or theophylline. TNFα and IL-1in the cell- free supernatants were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KF19514 showed significant inhibition on the release of TNFα (% inhibition ± SEM was 82.8 ± 7.4% at 1 nmol/L) and IL-1 β (34.4 ± 7.5% at 10 (μmol/L). In addition, KF19514 inhibited the expression of TNFa mRNA. Cilostazol inhibited the release of TNFa significantly (60.2 ± 8.9% at 30 μmol/L) but not IL-1 β. Theophylline inhibited slightly but significantly the release of TNFa at a therapeutic concentration (1 7.4 ± 5.1% at 100 μmol/L). These results suggest that theophylline may not only have a bronchodilating action but also an anti-inflammatory property in the treatment of bronchial asthma, and that KF19514 may have an anti-inflammatory action on at least the transcriptional level.
Catalytically active soluble ecto-5?-nucleotidase purified after heterologous expression as a tool for drug screening (1998)

To establish a procedure for reproducible production of a soluble enzymatically active form of rat ecto-5′-nucleotidase, we heterologously expressed the polypeptide of the mature protein in insect cells. An expression construct was created consisting of this polypeptide and glutathione-S-transferase from Schistosoma japonicum as a fusion partner. Although infected insect cells did not secrete the enzyme into the medium, considerable amounts of recombinant protein were detected in the whole cell extract. A fraction of soluble protein yielding 5′-nucleotidase activity could be purified from cells infected with recombinant baculovirus bearing the glutathione-S-transferase fusion construct. The catalytic properties of this recombinant protein correspond to those of the native protein isolated from animal tissues. Potential agonists and inhibitors of P2 receptors can function as inhibitors of ecto-5′-nucleotidase. The glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein may be used in experiments for drug screening, for the study of the interaction of immobilized ecto-5′-nucleotidase with other proteins, or for application in tissue culture experiments. Drug Dev. Res. 45:269–276, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Directional dyadic wavelet transforms: design and algorithms (2002)

We propose a simple and efficient technique for designing translation invariant dyadic wavelet transforms (DWTs) in two dimensions. Our technique relies on an extension of the work of Duval-Destin et al. where dyadic decompositions are constructed starting from the continuous wavelet transform. The main advantage of this framework is that it allows for a lot of freedom in designing two-dimensional (2-D) dyadic wavelets. We use this property to construct directional wavelets, whose orientation filtering capabilities are very important in image processing. We address the efficient implementation of these decompositions by constructing approximate QMFs through an L(2) optimization. We also propose and study an efficient implementation in the Fourier domain for dealing with large filters.
In vivo function of the orphan nuclear receptor NR2E3 in establishing photoreceptor identity during mammalian retinal development (2006)

Rod and cone photoreceptors in mammalian retina are generated from common pool(s) of neuroepithelial progenitors. NRL, CRX and NR2E3 are key transcriptional regulators that control photoreceptor differentiation. Mutations in NR2E3, a rod-specific orphan nuclear receptor, lead to loss of rods, increased density of S-cones and supernormal S-cone-mediated vision in humans. To better understand its in vivo function, NR2E3 was expressed ectopically in the Nrl-/- retina, where post-mitotic precursors fated to be rods develop into functional S-cones similar to the human NR2E3 disease. Expression of NR2E3 in the Nrl-/- retina completely suppressed cone differentiation and resulted in morphologically rod-like photoreceptors, which were however not functional. Gene profiling of FACS-purified photoreceptors confirmed the role of NR2E3 as a strong suppressor of cone genes but an activator of only a subset of rod genes (including rhodopsin) in vivo. Ectopic expression of NR2E3 in cone precursors and differentiating S-cones of wild-type retina also generated rod-like cells. The dual regulatory function of NR2E3 was not dependent upon the presence of NRL and/or CRX, but on the timing and level of its expression. Our studies reveal a critical role of NR2E3 in establishing functional specificity of NRL-expressing photoreceptor precursors during retinal neurogenesis.
Polynuclear Heterocycles. I. 1H-Benzo[b]pyrido[1,2,3-mn]phenoxazin-1-one and Related Substances<sup>1a</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolynuclear Heterocycles. I. 1H-Benzo[b]pyrido[1,2,3-mn]phenoxazin-1-one and Related Substances1aJ. A. VanAllan, G. A. Reynolds, and R. E. AdelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 5, 1659–1664Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01052a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (572 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Managing email usage (2004)

An email system is a critical business tool. However, as electronic business activity increases, ad-hoc email implementation, prolonged management neglect and user abuse of email systems have generated negative effects. Anticipating, managing and preventing these negative effects has become increasingly important as organisations struggle to derive benefits from these systems. Many organisations try to control the negative effects of email through a combination of policies and electronic monitoring. However, monitoring can be contentious and policies are often inadequate. This paper presents the results of a multiple case study investigation of email system monitoring and control in four organisations. The study highlights the need to formulate a coordinated and comprehensive response consisting of technical, formal and informal controls. The study reveals the effectiveness of email management committees, training, policies, and sustained awareness when combined with email monitoring. The paper concludes by identifying key factors for effectively monitoring and controlling email usage.
Antiproliferative effects of sodium butyrate in adriamycin-sensitive and -resistant human cancer cell lines (1994)

The proliferation of the MCF7 and MCF7-A (adriamycin-resistant) and KB-3-1 and KB-A (adriamycin-resistant) cell lines was arrested by sodium butyrate (NaBut) at 1 mM or higher concentrations. In the MCF7 and MCF7-A cell lines, an accumulation in the G1 phase was observed, whereas the KB-3-1 and KB-A cell lines accumulated in both G1 and G2/M phases. The level of the mRNA coded by the 'early G1' gene c-myc was high in all these cell lines, and was only transiently decreased by NaBut treatment. The 'late' mRNA coding for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was also strongly expressed in all the cell lines studied; incubation with NaBut caused a decrease of the PCNA mRNA in the MCF7 and MCF7-A cells but not in the KB-3-1 and KB-A cells. The anti-oncoprotein p105RB was undetectable in the MCF7 and MCF7-A cells, while the KB-3-1 as well as KB-A cells contained a high level of this protein. Neither the content nor the apparent state of phosphorylation of the RB protein were affected by incubation (up to 48 h) with NaBut.
Autoreactive T Cells from Patients with Myasthenia Gravis Are Characterized by Elevated IL-17, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF and Diminished IL-10 Production (2016)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a prototypical autoimmune disease that is among the few for which the target Ag and the pathogenic autoantibodies are clearly defined. The pathology of the disease is affected by autoantibodies directed toward the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Mature, Ag-experienced B cells rely on the action of Th cells to produce these pathogenic Abs. The phenotype of the MG Ag-reactive T cell compartment is not well defined; thus, we sought to determine whether such cells exhibit both a proinflammatory and a pathogenic phenotype. A novel T cell library assay that affords multiparameter interrogation of rare Ag-reactive CD4(+) T cells was applied. Proliferation and cytokine production in response to both AChR and control Ags were measured from 3120 T cell libraries derived from 11 MG patients and paired healthy control subjects. The frequency of CCR6(+) memory T cells from MG patients proliferating in response to AChR-derived peptides was significantly higher than that of healthy control subjects. Production of both IFN-γ and IL-17, in response to AChR, was also restricted to the CCR6(+) memory T cell compartment in the MG cohort, indicating a proinflammatory phenotype. These T cells also included an elevated expression of GM-CSF and absence of IL-10 expression, indicating a proinflammatory and pathogenic phenotype. This component of the autoimmune response in MG is of particular importance when considering the durability of MG treatment strategies that eliminate B cells, because the autoreactive T cells could renew autoimmunity in the reconstituted B cell compartment with ensuing clinical manifestations.
Multispectral image compression by cluster-adaptive subspace representation (2010)

Multispectral imaging has attracted much interest in color science area, for its ability in providing much more spectral information than 3-channel color images. Due to the huge data volume, it is necessary to compress multispectral images for efficient transmission. This paper proposes a framework for spectral compression of multispectral image by using cluster-adaptive subspaces representation. In the framework, multispectral image is initially segmented by hierarchical analysis of the transform coefficients in the global subspace, and then ambiguous pixels are identified and classified into proper clusters based on linear discriminant analysis. The dimensionality of each adaptive subspace is determined by specified reconstruction error level, followed by further cluster splitting if necessary. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by experiments on real multispectral images.
City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn (1997)

<p>Entertaining, concise, and relentlessly probing, City of Bits is a comprehensive introduction to a new type of city, a largely invisible but increasingly important system of virtual spaces interconnected by the emerging information superhighway. William Mitchell makes extensive use of concrete, practical examples and illustrations in a technically well-grounded yet accessible examination of architecture and urbanism in the context of the digital telecommunications revolution, the ongoing miniaturization of electronics, the commodification of bits, and the growing domination of software over materialized form. In seven chapters - Pulling Glass, Electronic Agoras, Cyborg Citizens, Recombinant Architecture, Soft Cities, Bit Biz, and Getting to the Good Bits - Mitchell argues that the crucial issue before us is not one of putting in place the digital plumbing of telecommunications links and associated electronic appliances, nor even of producing content for electronic delivery, but rather one of creating electronically mediated environments for the kinds of lives that we want to lead. </p>
CXCR4 Antagonist TG-0054 Mobilizes Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Attenuates Inflammation, and Preserves Cardiac Systolic Function in a Porcine Model of Myocardial Infarction (2014)

Interaction between chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 and the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) governs the sequestration and mobilization of bone marrow stem cells. We investigated the therapeutic potential of TG-0054, a novel CXCR4 antagonist, in attenuating cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). In miniature pigs (minipigs), TG-0054 mobilized CD34(+)CXCR4(+), CD133(+)CXCR4(+), and CD271(+)CXCR4(+) cells into peripheral circulation. After isolation and expansion, TG-0054-mobilized CD271(+) cells were proved to be mesenchymal stem cells (designated CD271-MSCs) since they had trilineage differentiation potential, surface markers of MSCs, and immunosuppressive effects on allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation. MI was induced in 22 minipigs using balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by intravenous injections of 2.85 mg/kg of TG-0054 or saline at 3 days and 7 days post-MI. Serial MRI analyses revealed that TG-0054 treatment prevented left ventricular (LV) dysfunction at 12 weeks after MI (change of LV ejection fraction from baseline, -1.0 ± 6.2% in the TG-0054 group versus -7.9 ± 5.8% in the controls). The preserved cardiac function was accompanied by a significant decrease in the myocardial expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 at 7 days post-MI. Moreover, the plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were persistently suppressed by the TG-0054 treatment. Infusion of TG-0054-mobilized CD271-MSCs reduced both myocardial and plasma cytokine levels in a pattern, which is temporally correlated with TG-0054 treatment. This study demonstrated that TG-0054 improves the impaired LV contractility following MI, at least in part, by mobilizing MSCs to attenuate the postinfarction inflammation. This insight may facilitate exploring novel stem cell-based therapy for treating post-MI heart failure.
Wavefront reconstruction with artificial neural networks (2006)

In this work, a new approach, a method using artificial neural networks was applied to reconstruct the wavefront. First, the optimal structure of neural networks was found. Then, the networks were trained on both noise-free and noisy spot patterns. The results of the wavefront reconstruction with artificial neural networks were compared to those obtained through the least square fit and singular value decomposition method.
Simple triac dimmable Compact Fluorescent Lamp ballast and Light Emitting Diode driver (2010)

Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) are energy efficient light sources. However, they have a disadvantage that they cannot be directly dimmed with a triac dimmer. This article briefly explains the incompatibility issues, and suggests a CFL ballast circuit to overcome this disadvantage. The ballast is based on resonant mode topology, with additional circuitry for triac interface and dimming control. Furthermore, this article also presents, with few modifications to the CFL ballast circuit, an LED driver circuit that is dimmable with triac dimmer. Experimental results show that both proposed circuits are able to be dimmed down close to 10% of the light output.
Clearance of hepatitis C infection is associated with the early appearance of broad neutralizing antibody responses (2014)

Control of HCV infection is associated with more rapid development of a broad nAb response, independent of the infection viral genotype, providing further evidence for the role of nAb in controlling HCV infection and the potential benefit of generating broad anti-HCV nAb responses by vaccination.
Thin films and nanostructures of niobium pentoxide: Fundamental properties, synthesis methods and applications (2014)

As one of the transition metal oxides, niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) offers a broad variety of properties that make it a potentially useful and highly applicable material in many different areas. In comparison to many other transition metal oxides, Nb2O5 has received relatively little attention, which presents a significant opportunity for future investigations aimed at fundamentally understanding this material and finding new and interesting applications for it. In this article, a general overview of Nb2O5 is presented which focuses on its fundamental properties, synthesis methods and recent applications, along with a discussion on future research directions relevant to this material.
Reappraisal of nitrocarburizing and nitriding vvhen applied to design and manufacture of non-alloy steel automobile components (1979)

An investigation has been conducted into the contribution made by nitrogen and nitrogen plus carbon to the properties of non-alloy steel treated at 570°C. It is shown that both the fatigue properties of the diffusion zone and the tribological and corrosion properties of the surface compound layer are independent of the carbon content. Recommendations are made on how such processes may be conducted and controlled in practice, and examples are shown of how the property improvements associated with these treatments have been exploited in the design and manufacture of non-alloy steel automobile components.
CONTRIBUTIONS A L'ETUDE DES BOBINAGES SUPRACONDUCTEURS :<br />LE PROJET DGA DU SMES HTS IMPULSIONNEL (2006)

In the context of a DGA (Délégation Générale pour l'Armement) contract with the company Nexans, the CRTBT-CNRS developed a superconductive winding for the storage of energy, or SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage), with Bi-2212 PIT tapes operated at 20!K. The use of a superconductive winding makes possible to store the electric power in magnetic form without energy conversion and for very long times. Winding stores 800 kJ to be discharged in 1 s to reach a power of 500 kW on the load, which generates a maximum tension of 5 kV. Cryogenics is carried out with copper parts which connect the cryocoolers and winding, with a maximum temperature difference of 2 K. The HT (High Voltage) interface between the drains and winding has a dielectric strength of 5 kV which makes possible to effectively cool the current leads and the 26 pancakes, made of 40 km of conductor. The dissipated energy in the copper and winding during the discharge is 1 % of stored energy. Thermal measurements at 20 K were carried out on samples to measure HT interface for example, then on a winding of reduced size to validate the adopted solutions. The soldering process of the superconductive tapes developed by Nexans makes it possible to adapt the geometry of the conductor to its situation in winding. The tests of the first ten pancakes validate developed cryogenics. The study of extrapolation for a 20 MJ SMES present finally a toroidal geometry adapted to a cooling by thermosiphon with a two-stage cable Rutherford/6+1 made of Bi-2212 round wire.
Doctor of Arts Degree (1971)

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