gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct clinicopathologic and genetic profiles in sporadic gastric cancer with different mutator phenotypes (2000)

A subset of sporadic gastric cancers (GC) exhibits microsatellite instability (MSI). To define the precise role of MSI in GC, a total of 100 patients with sporadic GC were classified into three groups, i.e., high-frequency MSI (MSI-H), low-frequency MSI (MSI-L), and microsatellite stable (MSS), based on 10 microsatellite markers. Mutational analyses of TGFbetaRII, IGFIIR, BAX, MSH3, MSH6, E2F4, MSH2, MLH1, and TP53 genes, and methylation and protein expression of MLH1 and MSH2 were performed and correlated. Twenty-seven percent of GC showed MSI at least in one locus and could be further graded as MSI-H (14%) and MSI-L (13%). No clinicopathologic difference was noted between GC with MSI-L and MSS. Compared with GC with MSI-L or MSS, GC with MSI-H had a significantly higher frequency of antral location, intestinal subtype, H. pylori seropositivity, but a lower incidence of lymph node metastasis, and displayed a higher frequency of frameshift mutations of TGFbetaRII, IGFIIR, BAX, MSH3, and E2F4 genes but a lower incidence of TP53 mutations. Furthermore, hypermethylation of the MLH1 promoter was responsible for the loss of protein function in 13 of 14 MSI-H tumors. It was concluded that a specific phenotype and a distinct profile of genetic alterations exist in MSI-H GC. We speculate that epigenetic inactivation of MLH1 by methylation plays a crucial role in initiating such a pathway of carcinogenesis. In contrast, GCs with MSS and MSI-L exhibit clinicopathologic features that are distinct from MSI-H tumors and have a higher frequency of TP53 mutations, suggesting that they may evolve through an entirely different pathway.
Conjugate twin-shifter masks with multiple focal planes (1992)

A new phase shift lithography method has been developed that allows different integrated circuit (IC) features to be focused in different optical planes, conforming to the IC surface topography. In principle, each pattern in an IC could have its own unique focal plane. Direction and magnitude of each focal shift are determined by the design of the mask phase shifters. This method is applicable for use with conventional opaque mask patterns and unattenuated phase shift patterns. Both types of patterns can be intermixed on the same mask if desired. Characteristics of the Multiple Focal Plane technique have been evaluated experimentally and through mathematical modeling using TCC optical imaging theory. Experiments were conducted with a commercial i-line wafer stepper (N.A.=0.50, ?=0.50) using conventional positive and chemically amplified negative resists. Mask patterns evaluated included dark-field Cr masks, isolated clear-field lines, unattenuated phase-shift patterns. Effects of changes in phase shift are discussed, and practical mask design approaches are recommended.
Age, gender, quality of life and psychological distress in patients hospitalized with psoriasis (2005)

These results should alert dermatologists that similar levels of clinical severity in psoriasis may be associated with different levels of quality of life and psychological distress of patients. Particular attention should be devoted to older patients, and especially to older women.
Data transmission performance of an optical backboard bus (2002)

The data transmission performance of a previously proposed high-speed optical backboard bus, whose transmission-signal waveforms are theoretically unchanged even when the number and placement of its package boards are changed, has been estimated. The proposed bus is composed of an 8/spl times/8 optical star coupler, optical fibers, optical-transmitter modules, and optical-receiver modules. These modules are grouped on an optical backboard attached to the back side of a plug-in unit for an existing backboard bus assembly. Data can be transmitted at up to 1 Gb/s, which is about ten times faster than electrical bus rates, with no errors, even when changing the package boards. The proposed bus is adaptable to multi-channel lower-rate data transmission by using multiplexers and demultiplexers on the package boards to change the transmission rate.
Fabrication of embroidered UHF RFID tags (2012)

A laboratory-fabrication of embroidered antennas for ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is presented. The embroidered antenna patterns are formed from conductive thread using software controlled embroidery machine. Measurements of fully assembled embroidered UHF RFID tag verify that competitive tag performance can be achieved with the presented fabrication method.
Induction by cAMP of the mRNA encoding the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) from the chicken. Identification and characterization of a cDNA clone for the enzyme. (1984)

Previous work from our laboratory (Hod, Y., Utter, M. F., and Hanson, R. W. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 13787-13794) has demonstrated that chicken kidney contains both mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) and that the two forms are distinct proteins. Using poly(A+) RNA from chicken kidney, a double-stranded cDNA library was constructed. DNA clones containing sequences complementary to the mRNA for the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were initially identified by colony hybridization with 32P-labeled cDNA transcribed from an RNA fraction enriched for the enzyme mRNA. The identity of plasmids containing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase cDNA was confirmed by hybrid-selected translation. Mature mRNA for cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of the chicken is 2.8 kilobases in length, similar to that previously noted for mRNA coding for the same enzyme in the rat. The cDNA for the chicken enzyme hybridizes with several restriction fragments of the corresponding cDNA for the rat cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, indicating conservation of nucleotide sequences during evolution. Wide spread conservation of sequence homology is also demonstrated by the hybridization of the cDNA for the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase with a 2.8-kilobase RNA from the livers of a variety of vertebrates including amphibian, avian, and primate species. Specific mRNA coding for the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was present in chicken kidney but absent from the liver, even in animals starved for 48 h. However, the administration of cAMP to normal fed chickens caused a rapid induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA. These findings suggest that the gene for the cytosolic enzyme in chicken liver can be expressed if the proper hormonal stimuli are present.
Carotenoid Biosynthesis — a Target for Herbicide Activity (1979)

Abstract Carotenoids are chloroplast constituents. In vivo different carotenoids may be present at different sites within the chloroplast, and may have different functions. Especially important is a role in protecting the chloroplast and hence the plant from chlorophyll-sensitized photooxidation. If carotenoid biosynthesis can be blocked by herbicides, such protection will no longer be afforded, and rapid death of the plant is likely. In this article current knowledge of carotenoid biosynthesis is reviewed. The main characteristics of each stage in the biosynthesis are outlined and the suit­ability of these reactions as possible herbicide targets is assessed. Two experimental approaches to the study of the effects of herbicides on carotenoid biosynthesis are suggested.
Multiport energy gateway (2019)

Medium‐voltage‐direct‐current collection and distribution grids are being considered for emerging applications, and require enabling power electronic technologies. Medium‐voltage high power DC–DC converters are one of the solutions that will play an important role in future energy systems. This study presents a novel bidirectional multiport power electronic converter, interfacing medium‐voltage and low‐voltage distribution grids while integrating distributed energy storage elements, such as batteries and super‐capacitors. The multiport energy gateway concept is based on a modular input‐series output‐parallel topology includes medium frequency transformer for the galvanic isolation, and combines open‐loop and closed‐loop operated converter stages. Comprehensive converter design aspects and operating principles are presented and discussed considering representative cases of studies. The validity of the approaches is proved by simulation and experimental results obtained on a small scale prototype.
Exergy and irreversible entropy production thermodynamic concepts for nonlinear control design (2009)

This paper develops a novel nonlinear control system design methodology that uniquely combines: concepts from exergy and entropy; Hamiltonian systems; Lyapunov's direct method and optimal analysis; and power flow control analysis. Relationships are derived between exergy/entropy and Lyapunov optimal functions for Hamiltonian systems based on the recognition that the Hamiltonian is stored exergy. The control system stability and performance are partitioned and evaluated based on exergy generation and exergy dissipation terms. This control methodology results in both necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of a class of nonlinear systems as a result of the application of the second law of thermodynamics to the time derivative of the Hamiltonian. The methodology is demonstrated with numerical simulation examples.
Ulcerative colitis or <scp>C</scp>rohn's disease? Pitfalls and problems (2013)

The interpretation of colorectal biopsies taken for the initial diagnosis of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is challenging. Subclassification of IBD as ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease, which may be particularly difficult, is the subject of this review. Biopsies taken at first presentation are emphasised, partly because their features have not been modified by time or treatment. Aspects of longstanding disease and of resections are also mentioned. The first part of the review comprises background considerations and a summary of histological features that are discriminant, according to published evidence, between UC and Crohn's disease in initial biopsies. Pitfalls and problems associated with making the distinction between UC and Crohn's disease are then discussed. These include: mimics of IBD; inadequate clinical details; unreliable microscopic features; absence of histological changes in early IBD; discontinuity in UC; cryptolytic granulomas; differences between paediatric and adult UC; reliance on ileal and oesophagogastroduodenal histology; and atypical features in IBD resections. Avoidance by pathologists of known pitfalls should increase the likelihood of accurate and confident subclassification of IBD, which is important for optimum medical and surgical management.
Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals at Millimeter Wavelength (2010)

Due to their large birefringence and moderately low loss, liquid crystals (LCs) are a promising dielectric media for development of a variety of reconfigurable millimeter-wave devices. In order to optimize the design of tunable millimeter-wave devices, accurate values of the dielectric and elastic constants, as well as the loss tangents of LCs, are needed. However, characterization of LCs at millimeter-wave frequencies is a very challenging and demanding task.
Real-time multifunctional optical coherence tomography (2003)

We demonstrate real-time acquisition, processing, and display of tissue structure, birefringence, and blood flow in a multi-functional optical coherence tomography (MF-OCT) system. This is accomplished by efficient data processing of the phase-resolved inteference patterns without dedicated hardware or extensive modification to the high-speed fiber-based OCT system. The system acquires images of 2048 depth scans per second, covering an area of 5 mm in width x 1.2 mm in depth with real-time display updating images in a rolling manner 32 times each second.
Oxidant-Induced Community Change in a Mixed Conifer Forest (1973)

Trees of the ponderosa pine-sugar pine-fir forest type on the San Bernardino National Forest in southern California are exposed to heavy chronic photochemical oxidant air pollution. The relative numbers, age-composition, and spatial distribution of coniferous trees in this forest type were determined. Total mortality of ponderosa pines was 8% during a two-year period and 10% during four years in a separate sample. Continuous records of oxidant exposure during a five-year period helped to relate dosage to observed damage. Possible physical and biological changes in this forest type are suggested, and questions of importance to forest management are identified.
Development of a 100-kV multimegawatt repetition rate gas switch (1979)

A 100-kV gas switch has been developed and tested which is capable of controlling 5-MW average power when operated up to 250- pps repetition rate. Recovery of the switch voltage holdoff capability after each discharge was accomplished by providing both a 1-ms grace period during which no voltage is reapplied, and by continuously purging the switch with 40-psig pressurized air at flow rates up to 60 SCFM. The switch was tested using a simulation technique in which the switch was subjected to the same repetitive peak voltage and current as it would in controlling several megawatts of average power. Limits of switch performance as a function of air flow rate and peak voltage have been established.
Highly compact silica-based PLC-type 1 × 32splitters using 127 µm-spacing output and 0.4 %-Δ waveguides (1998)

Highly compact 1 × 32 splitters were fabricated using silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technologies. The chip size was reduced to 6 × 24 mm2 by using a 127 µm-pitch fibre array and 0.4%-Δ waveguides with a 15 mm bending radius. This is ~1/4 of the size of a conventional 1 × 32 splitter. The assembled splitter modules showed low insertion losses of < 16.9 dB.
Understanding "Active" Chromatin: A Historical Perspective of Chromatin Remodeling (2000)

Two phenomena have long been observed to correlate with transcriptionally active chromatin: increased histone acetylation and increased sensitivity to nucleases, including specific patterns of nuclease hypersensitivity in the promoters of active or inducible genes. Work in recent years has at last identified protein complexes required to form these hallmarks of active chromatin: histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. This review traces the history of these discoveries, including the development of essential tools that allowed the major advances in the field, and describes the current understanding of the interactions between HATs and ATP-dependent remodelers.
On the Dynamical Theory of Incompressible Viscous Fluids and the Determination of the Criterion (1895)

123-164
Single, individual traps in MOSFETs (1991)

The capture and emission of electrons and holes into and from single, individual interface traps are studied in micron-sized MOSFETs. The trapping process creates discrete switching in the source-drain resistance. The number of traps may be counted in quantized transients observed after pulsed filling of traps. The average rate time constants for the trapping process are consistent with Coulomb repulsive centers, i.e., acceptors near the conduction band edge and donors near the valence band edge of silicon. The capture and emission rates are strongly activated by an interfacial barrier. Individual traps induce Fermi level pinning in the 2-dimensional SiO2-Si system.
Factors Governing the Kinetics and Steady State of the Mitochondrial Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase System (1970)

The mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase catalyzes a rapid reduction of NAD + by NADPH as compared to the reduction of NADP + by NADH. By assuming pseudo first‐order kinetics it is shown that the rate constant of the reaction is strongly dependent on the actual [NAD + ] [NADPH] / [NADP + ] [NADH] ratio, giving a half‐maximal rate constant at [NAD + ] [NADPH]/[NADH] [NADP + ] of approx. 0.003. The altered rate constant can possibly be explained on the basis of a reversible conformational change of the enzyme between an active and an inactive state, controlled by the prevailing concentrations of oxidized and reduced nicotinamide nucleotides. Possible similarities with bacterial transhydrogenases are considered. In the presence of an energy source the overall transhydrogenase reaction involves a strong shift of the equilibrium towards the conversion of NADH and NADP + into NAD + and NADPH. Evidence is presented that the final extent of the overall energy‐linked transhydrogenase reaction is strikingly dependent on the ratio of the initial rates of the energy‐linked reduction of NADP + by NADH and the nonenergy‐linked reduction of NAD + by NADPH. Thus, the final extent of the transhydrogenase reaction in the presence of an energy source can by explained in terms of a steady state rather than an equilibrium. The possibility of an energy‐linked conformational change of transhydrogenase, involving a conversion of the enzyme from an inactive to an active state, is considered.
Open Trial of Lamotrigine in the Treatment of Self-Injurious Behavior in an Adolescent with Profound Mental Retardation (1996)

This single case reports an open trial of lamotrigine in the treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB) and epilepsy in an 18-year-old female diagnosed with generalized seizure disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and compulsive SIB in the context of profound mental retardation. Animal models of SIB suggest that the glutamate neurotransmitter systems, involved in the generation of epileptic seizures, may also have a role in the pathophysiology of SIB. Data suggesting that lamotrigine may decrease glutamate release encouraged an empirical trial of lamotrigine for treatment of SIB. After 4 weeks of treatment of lamotrigine 200 mg daily, decreases in agitation and fearfulness were clinically observed, along with a 50% reduction in the frequency of SIB as measured by standardized scales. Good seizure control was maintained throughout the trial. No significant adverse effects were observed. Positive effects persisted at 1-year follow-up. Symptoms of stereotypic movement disorder appeared unchanged. Because these findings are preliminary, no clinical recommendations for the treatment of SIB with lamotrigine can be made until controlled studies have been completed.
4‐Hydroxybenzyl alcohol accumulates in suspension‐cell cultures and inhibits somatic embryogenesis in carrot (2001)

Somatic embryogenesis in carrot ( Daucus carota L.) is strongly inhibited by certain factors that accumulate in culture medium of high‐density cultures of embryogenic cells. We previously identified 4‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4HBA) as one of the inhibitory factors. In this study, we analyzed the accumulation pattern of 4HBA in the cultures of carrot suspension cells. When somatic embryogenesis was induced by culturing embryogenic cells in phytohormone‐free Murashige and Skoog medium at various initial cell densities, 4HBA accumulated in the culture medium. The concentration of 4HBA in high cell density cultures was higher than in low cell density cultures. The accumulation of 4HBA in high cell density cultures was rapid during the early days of culture. This rapid accumulation of 4HBA in high cell density cultures might result in the strong inhibition of somatic embryogenesis. The production of 4HBA decreased as the somatic embryos developed. In addition, embryogenic cells released larger amount of 4HBA into the culture medium compared with non‐embryogenic cells. These results suggest that the production of 4HBA is both related to embryogenic competence and developmentally regulated during somatic embryogenesis.
Direction based beamspace MIMO channel prediction with ray cancelling (2008)

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems where channel state information (CSI) is known at a transmitter can provide a high spectral efficiency. However, time lag between a channel estimation time and an actual transmission time causes performance degradation under time-varying fading conditions. In this paper, we propose direction based transform matrices and a linear prediction method with ray cancelling for a beamspace MIMO channel prediction method. Computer simulation results show that our method can achieve more accurate prediction for a longer time period and therefore better BER performance that is almost the same as when there is no time lag.
Prevention of activated carbon bed ignition and degradation during the recovery of cyclohexanone. (1990)

Oxidation of cyclohexanone adsorbed on activated carbon was investigated in relation to solvent recovery. It became clear that the respective reactions through which 1,2-cyclohexanedione and adipic acid formed were largely responsible for carbon bed ignition and carbon degradation. Results were explained assuming that the former reaction is of pseduo-first-order and proceeds much faster than the latter. Further, it was concluded that the concentration of carbonyl group on the carbon surface and that of oxygen in the gas phase affected both reactions strongly.
A first order incremental analog to digital converter based on continuous time circuits (2003)

Abstract- In this paper, an incremental Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) designed as part of the signal-conditioning circuitry for tissue impedance measurement system is presented. Continuous-time design techniques has been used and a modified implementation of the conversion algorithm, with respect to its discrete-time counterpart, has been developed. To reduce the influence of the no-idealities, analog and digital corrections have been also implemented. A prototype in 0.8µm CMOS technology has been fabricated and tested. Experimental results are reported.
Nitric oxide prevents cardiovascular collapse during shock (2011)

This study investigated the systemic and microvascular hemodynamic changes after severe hemorrhage. Nitric oxide (NO) availability was increased by administration of NO releasing nanoparticles (NO‐nps). Hemodynamic responses to hemorrhagic shock were studied in the hamster window chamber. Acute hemorrhage was induced by arterial controlled bleeding of 50% of blood volume, and the resulting hemodynamic parameters were followed over 90 min. Exogenous NO was administered in the form of NO‐nps (5 mg/kg suspended in 50 μl saline) 10 min following induced hemorrhage. Control groups received equal dose of NO free nanoparticles (Control‐nps) and Vehicle solution (50 μl saline). Animals treated with NO‐nps partially maintained systemic and microvascular function during hypovolemic shock compared to animals treated with Control‐nps or the Vehicle. The continuous NO released by the NO‐nps reverted arteriolar vasoconstriction, partially recovered both functional capillary density and microvascular blood flows. Additionally, NO supplementation prevented cardiac decompensation. Paradoxically, peripheral vasodilation induced by the NO‐nps did not decrease blood pressure or vascular resistance. NO‐nps promoted intravascular pressure redistribution, increased blood flow and prevented ischemia. Therefore, NO released from NO‐nps can ultimately increase survivability and reduce shock sequelae.