gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiation and Cell Surface Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptors Are Regulated by Interaction with Matrix Collagen in Murine Osteoblastic Cells (1996)

Although transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta enhances bone formation, it inhibits the differentiation of osteoblasts. To clarify the regulatory mechanism of osteoblastic differentiation and TGF-beta actions, the relationship among differentiation, TGF-beta actions, and matrix protein synthesis was examined using murine osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity continued to increase during long-term cultures, and the increase was closely associated with a reduction in cell surface TGF-beta receptors competent to bind TGF-beta. Both the stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis and the inhibition of ALP activity by TGF-beta were also suppressed. Collagen synthesis inhibitors and an anti-alpha2beta1 integrin blocking antibody blocked the changes in ALP activity and TGF-beta receptors, and a DGEA peptide that interferes binding of collagen to alpha2beta1 integrin also blocked the increase in ALP activity. Furthermore, when MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on extracellular matrix layers obtained from these cells, all the differentiation-associated changes could be observed without collagen production, and the extracellular matrix-induced differentiation was also blocked by an anti-alpha2beta1 integrin antibody. These results demonstrate that the interaction of cell surface alpha2beta1 integrin with matrix collagen synthesized by osteoblasts themselves is involved in the osteoblastic differentiation and the reduction in cell surface receptors and actions of TGF-beta. It is suggested that matrix collagen synthesized under the stimulation by TGF-beta plays an important role in the regulation of osteoblastic differentiation and TGF-beta actions by differentiation-associated down-regulation of TGF-beta receptors.
CD14-dependent and CD14-independent signaling pathways in murine macrophages from normal and CD14 knockout mice stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or taxol (1997)

The antitumor agent, Taxol, shares with bacterial LPS the ability to activate murine macrophages, and its LPS-mimetic effects are blocked by LPS analogue antagonists. Since CD14 is central to the recognition of LPS by macrophages, we sought to examine a role for CD14 in the response to Taxol vs LPS. A comparison of responses of macrophages from wild-type mice with those from mice lacking CD14 due to a targeted disruption of the CD14 gene (CD14-deficient knockout (CD14KO)) revealed that like LPS, Taxol induces both CD14-dependent and -independent pathways of gene activation, although the CD14 dependency of Taxol stimulation is much less striking than that observed with LPS. The macrophage interaction with low concentrations of LPS (< or = 10 ng/ml) is largely CD14 dependent, as evidenced by the lack of induction of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) genes by CD14KO macrophages cultured in the absence of soluble CD14 (i.e., in autologous CD14KO -/- mouse serum). However, at high concentrations of LPS or Taxol, a CD14-independent pathway of activation is observed: this pathway leads to minimal IP-10 gene induction, even though induction of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta occurs. Measurements of TNF secretion followed a similar pattern to that observed at the level of steady state mRNA. These data suggest the existence of two pathways of activation by both LPS and Taxol: one that is CD14 dependent and leads to induction of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IP-10 gene induction, and a CD14-independent pathway that results in the induction of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, with minimal induction of IP-10.
<title>Audio thumbnailing using MPEG-7 low-level audio descriptors</title> (2003)

In this paper we present an audio thumbnailing technique based on audio segmentation by similarity search. The segmentation is performed on MPEG-7 low level audio feature descriptors as a growing source of multimedia meta data. Especially for database applications or audio-on-demand services this technique could be very helpful, because there is no need to have access to the probably copyright protected original audio material. The result of the similarity search is a matrix which contains off-diagonal stripes representing similar regions, which are usually the refrains of a song and thus a very suitable segment to be used as audio thumbnail. Using the a priori knowledge that we search off-diagonal stripes which must represent several seconds of audio data and that the adjustment of the stripes must be characteristically, we implemented a filter to enhance the structure of the similarity matrix and to extract a relevant segment as an audio thumbnail.
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A and LC2. Two proteins encoded in one messenger RNA. (1992)

The deduced amino acid sequence for the filamentous microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 1A, thought to be involved in stabilizing the mature neuronal cytoskeleton, has been determined from a series of overlapping cDNA clones. Though previously described as biochemically and immunologically distinct from MAP1B, we now demonstrate that MAP1A is structurally related to MAP1B, a protein associated with neurite outgrowth and process plasticity. The two MAPs exhibit regional amino acid sequence similarities spanning their potential microtubule binding domains placing both into a new MAP family. The cDNA sequence encoding MAP1A was also found to encode one of its associated light chains (LC) called LC2. Both proteins are found on a single mRNA in the same open reading frame and are translated as a pre-MAP1A/LC2-protein. The topological relationship between MAP1A and LC2 coding sequences is, therefore, identical to that previously shown for MAP1B and LC1 (Hammarback, J. A., Obar, R. A., Hughes, S. M., and Vallee, R. B. (1991) Neuron 7, 129-139). Based on these and earlier results, we conclude that LC1 and LC2 are structurally related polypeptides generated from distinct MAP polyprotein precursors but free to exchange between the two MAPs.
Thiation of Nucleosides. II. Synthesis of 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine and Related Pyrimidine Nucleosides<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiation of Nucleosides. II. Synthesis of 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine and Related Pyrimidine Nucleosides1Jack J. Fox, Dina Van Praag, Iris Wempen, Iris L. Doerr, Loretta Cheong, Joseph E. Knoll, Maxwell L. Eidinoff, Aaron Bendich, and George Bosworth BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 1, 178–187Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01510a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01510a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1136Altmetric-Citations203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of Extreme UV and Soft X-Rays with Microchannel Plates: A Review (1983)

Microchannel plates are becoming widely used in spectroscopy and two dimensional imaging at EUV (100 - 1000 Å) and soft X-ray wavelengths (10 - 100 Å) for astronomy and microscopy. Although bare microchannel plates have low sensitivity (5% - 10% quantum detection efficiency) in this spectral region, use of photocathodes can increase substantially (to 30%-40%) microchannel plate performance. This, combined with the high spatial resolution (<50μm), fast time response (<300 ps), and large effective area (up to 100 mm diameter) achievable with microchannel plates make the latter a very attractive and versatile tool. We discuss the properties of microchannel plates, photocathode materials, and various microchannel plate detector readout schemes that have been used for soft X-ray and EUV detection.
Auto-ignition Quality of Gasoline-Like Fuels in HCCI Engines (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The auto-ignition quality of a fuel of any chemistry at a given engine condition is described by an octane index defined as, OI = (1-K) RON + K MON, where RON and MON are the Research and Motor Octane numbers respectively and K depends only on the engine design and operating conditions. The higher the OI value, the greater is the resistance to auto-ignition. A single cylinder homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine has been run at thirty seven different operating conditions using fuels of different chemistries and different known RON and MON values. At each operating condition CA50, the crank angle for 50% of the total heat release, is established for different fuels and from this the value of K is determined. We take T<sub>comp15</sub>, the temperature when the pressure reaches 15 bar during the compression stroke, as a generic engine parameter. K is strongly dependent on and increases with T<sub>comp15</sub> and is less strongly dependent on the mixture strength. Surprisingly, there was no significant effect of engine speed on K. A predictive equation for K as a function of T<sub>comp15</sub> and the normalized air/fuel ratio, λ is found. At each operating condition there is an ideal fuel with OI = OI<sub>0</sub> such that heat release occurs at top dead center (TDC). OI<sub>0</sub> increases with increasing P<sub>maxcomp</sub> and T<sub>maxcomp</sub> the compression pressure and temperature at TDC, and decreases with increasing λ and engine speed. An empirical equation relating OI<sub>0</sub> to these generic engine parameters is found. These predictive equations could also be used to explore control strategies for an HCCI engine running on a fuel of known RON and MON.</div>
Radionuclide Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis (2009)

Angiogenesis is a multistep process regulated by pro- and antiangiogenic factors. In order to grow and metastasize, tumors need a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients. For growth beyond 1-2 mm in size, tumors are dependent on angiogenesis. Inhibition of angiogenesis is a new cancer treatment strategy that is now widely investigated clinically. Researchers have begun to search for objective measures that indicate pharmacologic responses to antiangiogenic drugs. Therefore, there is a great interest in techniques to visualize angiogenesis in growing tumors noninvasively. Several markers have been described that are preferentially expressed on newly formed blood vessels in tumors (alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and its receptor, prostate-specific membrane antigen) and in the extracellular matrix surrounding newly formed blood vessels (extra domain B of fibronectin, Tenascin-C, matrix metalloproteinases, and Robo-4). Several ligands targeting these markers have been tested as a radiotracer for imaging angiogenesis in tumors. The potential of some of these tracers, such as radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides and radiolabeled anti-PSMA antibodies, has already been tested in cancer patients, while for markers such as Robo-4, the ligand has not yet been identified. In this review, an overview on the currently used nuclear imaging probes for noninvasive visualization of tumor angiogenesis is given.
Para-hydrogenated Glucose Derivatives as Potential <sup>13</sup>C-Hyperpolarized Probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2010)

A set of molecules in which a glucose moiety is bound to a hydrogenable synthon has been synthesized and evaluated for hydrogenation reactions and for the corresponding para-hydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) effects, in order to select suitable candidates for an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for the assessment of glucose cellular uptake. It has been found that amidic derivatives do not yield any polarization enhancement, probably due to singlet-triplet state mixing along the reaction pathway. In contrast, ester derivatives are hydrogenated in high yield and afford enhanced (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra after para-hydrogenation. The obtained PHIP patterns are discussed and explained on the basis of the calculated spin level populations in the para-hydrogenated products. These molecules may find interesting applications in (13)C MRI as hyperpolarized probes for assessing the activity of glucose transporters in cells.
Integration of INFOMAR Bathymetric LiDAR with external onshore LiDAR data sets. (2009)

<br>This study was carried out by the National Centre for Geocomputation at NUI Maynooth. The NCG is a resource for those interested in any aspect of the capture, storage, integration, management, retrieval, display, analysis or modelling of spatial data. Research at the NCG is diverse, but much of its work focuses on Algorithm development, Geosensor integration, Geovisualisation and Location Based Services. Research under the Geosensors banner includes LiDAR research, which includes LiDAR acquisition, processing and error quantification.</br> <br>The primary aim of this study is to test onshore-to-offshore and offshore-to-onshore integration potential between INFOMAR bathymetric LiDAR data and onshore aerial LiDAR supplied by the Office of Public Works and Ordnance Survey Ireland. Three potential barriers to integration are examined and quantified (namely absolute LiDAR error, datum transformation error, and water-column segregation issues). Investigations focus on the potential for LiDAR integration in: • Sligo bay • Oranmore bay (within Galway bay) • Blennerville bay (within Tralee bay).</br>
Chronic Pain States: Pharmacological Strategies to Restore Diminished Inhibitory Spinal Pain Control (2011)

Potentially noxious stimuli are sensed by specialized nerve cells named nociceptors, which convey nociceptive signals from peripheral tissues to the central nervous system. The spinal dorsal horn and the trigeminal nucleus serve as first relay stations for incoming nociceptive signals. At these sites, nociceptor terminals contact a local neuronal network consisting of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons as well as of projection neurons. Blockade of neuronal inhibition in this network causes an increased sensitivity to noxious stimuli (hyperalgesia), painful sensations occurring after activation of non-nociceptive fibers (allodynia), and spontaneous pain felt in the absence of any sensory stimulation. It thus mimics the major characteristics of chronic pain states. Diminished inhibitory pain control in the spinal dorsal horn occurs naturally, e.g., through changes in the function of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors or through altered chloride homeo-stasis in the course of inflammation or nerve damage. This review summarizes our current knowledge about endogenous mechanisms leading to diminished spinal pain control and discusses possible ways that could restore proper inhibition through facilitation of fast inhibitory neurotransmission.
Role of the <i>parCBA</i> Operon of the Broad-Host-Range Plasmid RK2 in Stable Plasmid Maintenance (1998)

The par region of the stably maintained broad-host-range plasmid RK2 is organized as two divergent operons, parCBA and parDE, and a cis-acting site. parDE encodes a postsegregational killing system, and parCBA encodes a resolvase (ParA), a nuclease (ParB), and a protein of unknown function (ParC). The present study was undertaken to further delineate the role of the parCBA region in the stable maintenance of RK2 by first introducing precise deletions in the three genes and then assessing the abilities of the different constructs to stabilize RK2 in three strains of Escherichia coli and two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The intact parCBA operon was effective in stabilizing a conjugation-defective RK2 derivative in E. coli MC1061K and RR1 but was relatively ineffective in E. coli MV10Deltalac. In the two strains in which the parCBA operon was effective, deletions in parB, parC, or both parB and parC caused an approximately twofold reduction in the stabilizing ability of the operon, while a deletion in the parA gene resulted in a much greater loss of parCBA activity. For P. aeruginosa PAO1161Rifr, the parCBA operon provided little if any plasmid stability, but for P. aeruginosa PAC452Rifr, the RK2 plasmid was stabilized to a substantial extent by parCBA. With this latter strain, parA and res alone were sufficient for stabilization. The cer resolvase system of plasmid ColE1 and the loxP/Cre system of plasmid P1 were tested in comparison with the parCBA operon. We found that, not unlike what was previously observed with MC1061K, cer failed to stabilize the RK2 plasmid with par deletions in strain MV10Deltalac, but this multimer resolution system was effective in stabilizing the plasmid in strain RR1. The loxP/Cre system, on the other hand, was very effective in stabilizing the plasmid in all three E. coli strains. These observations indicate that the parA gene, along with its res site, exhibits a significant level of plasmid stabilization in the absence of the parC and parB genes but that in at least one E. coli strain, all three genes are required for maximum stabilization. It cannot be determined from these results whether or not the stabilization effects seen with parCBA or the cer and loxP/Cre systems are strictly due to a reduction in the level of RK2 dimers and an increase in the number of plasmid monomer units or if these systems play a role in a more complex process of plasmid stabilization that requires as an essential step the resolution of plasmid dimers.
Innate Diversity of Adult Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells (2001)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) perform diverse functions and this functional heterogeneity could be based on differential recruitment of distinct SMC subsets. In humans, however, there is little support for such a paradigm, partly because isolation of pure human SMC subsets has proven difficult. We report the cloning of 12 SMC lines from a single fragment of human internal thoracic artery and the elucidation of 2 distinct cellular profiles. Epithelioid clones (n=9) were polygonal at confluence, 105+/-9 micrometer in length, and had a doubling time of 39+/-2 hours. Spindle-shaped clones (n=3) were larger (267+/-18 micrometer long, P<0.01) and grew slower (doubling time 65+/-4 hours, P<0.01). Both types of clones expressed smooth muscle (SM) alpha-actin, SM-myosin heavy chains, h-caldesmon, and calponin, but only spindle-shaped clones expressed metavinculin. Epithelioid clones displayed greater proliferation in response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB and fibroblast growth factor-2 and were more responsive to the migratory effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Spindle-shaped clones showed more robust Ca(2+) transients in response to angiotensin II, histamine, and norepinephrine, crawled more quickly, and expressed more type I collagen. On serum withdrawal, spindle-shaped clones differentiated into a contraction-competent cell. A regional basis for diversity among SMCs was suggested by stepwise arterial digestion, which liberated small, SM alpha-actin-positive cells from the abluminal medial layers and larger SMCs from all layers. These results identify inherent SMC diversity in the media of the adult internal thoracic artery and suggest differential participation of SMC subsets in the regulation of human arterial behavior.
Corneal thickness changes following cataract surgery: effect of lens implantation and sodium hyaluronate. (1985)

Consecutive patients undergoing intracapsular cataract surgery with and without lens implantation were included in one of three groups of fifteen patients for postoperative corneal thickness measurement. One group underwent cataract extraction alone, another group had cataract extraction and lens implantation using iris supported posterior chamber implants, and another group underwent lens implantation with the use of sodium hyaluronate to reform the anterior chamber after cataract extraction. Maximal increase in corneal thickness occurred within the first 24 hours of surgery in all groups. No significant difference in corneal thickness between the implant and non-implant group was found at any time. When sodium hyaluronate was used to reform the anterior chamber prior to lens implantation the increase in corneal thickness was significantly less than in the group not on sodium hyaluronate (0.01 less than p less than 0.02 on the third postoperative day). In the long term all patients' corneas returned to preoperative levels within 28 days of surgery.
Synthesis and photoreactions of polyesters containing triazene and cinnamylidene malonyl units (2000)

The synthesis and photoreactions of polyesters containing the photolabile triazene group (PhNNNR2) as well as photocrosslinkable units based on substituted cinnamylidene malonyl moieties are reported. The polyesters were obtained by reacting a triazene containing difunctional alcohol with different substituted cinnamylidene malonic acid dichlorides. Irradiation at λ > 395 nm enables selective photocrosslinking of the cinnamylidene malonyl ester units via [2+2]π-cycloaddition without affecting the triazene units. The photocrosslinking reaction of the triazene containing polyesters as well as triazene-free reference polyesters were investigated by UV and IR spectroscopy. After selective photocrosslinking the irradiated polymers became insoluble and no longer exhibited a Tg below decomposition temperature. The crosslinked triazene containing polyesters show strong absorption at λ = 308 nm and are therefore interesting candidates for applications using XeCl excimer laser ablation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1903–1910, 2000
π bands and gap states from optical absorption and electron-spin-resonance studies on amorphous carbon and amorphous hydrogenated carbon films (1991)

Amorphous carbon a-C and amorphous hydrogenated carbon a-C:H films were prepared by rf sputtering of a graphite target in argon and argon-plus-hydrogen atmospheres, respectively. The optical-absorption coefficients of these films were measured by a spectrophotometer in the high-absorption range and by photothermal deflection spectroscopy in the low-absorption range. They were also studied by electron-spin-resonance (ESR) measurements. The optical-absorption spectrum is found to have a rather broad peak, in contrast to the sharp rise in absorption near the band gap observed for normal semiconductors. To explain this broad peak, a model density of states (DOS) for these materials is proposed, in accordance with their well-known microstructure. This consists of a pair of broad Gaussian-like distributions lying above and below the Fermi level and separated by about 4 eV, arising out of the \ensuremath{\pi} states of the aromatic sixfold rings that comprise the bulk of the graphitic ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$ regions, as well as pairs of discrete levels that are about 0.6 eV apart and are produced by fivefold and sevenfold rings present in these regions. The proposed DOS explains the essential features of the optical-absorption spectra and ESR data. The validity of the concept of the optical gap for these materials is also discussed.