gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Necessary and sufficient conditions for constructing orthonormal wavelet bases (1991)

This paper proves a previous conjecture of the author characterizing sequences h∈l2(Z) that yield orthonormal wavelet bases of L2(R) in terms of the multiplicity of the eigenvalue 1 of an operator associated to h. The proof utilizes a result of Cohen characterizing these sequences in terms of the real zeros of their Fourier transforms. The mapping from sequences to wavelets is shown to define a continuous mapping from a subset of l2(Z) into L2(R). Related conjectures are discussed.
Intracavitary treatment of malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions in cancer patients. (1994)

Authors present a review of the intracavitary treatment of malignant effusions in cancer patients, experience with tetracycline, mechloretamine, quinacrine, radio-isotopes, interferon beta and interferon alpha are reviewed. Personal experience with interferon alpha is reported.
Epigenetic control of mammalian centromere protein binding: Does DNA methylation have a role? (1996)

Chromosome 1 of the inbred mouse strain DBA/2 has a polymorphism associated with the minor satellite DNA at its centromere. The more terminal block of satellite DNA sequences on this chromosome acts as the centromere as shown by the binding of CREST ACA serum, anti-CENP-B and anti-CENP-E polyclonal sera. Demethylation of the minor satellite DNA sequences accomplished by growing cells in the presence of the drug 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine results in a redistribution of the CENP-B protein. This protein now binds to an enlarged area on the more terminal block and in addition it now binds to the more internal block of minor satellite DNA sequences on chromosome 1. The binding of the CENP-E protein does not appear to be affected by demethylation of the minor satellite sequences. We present a model to explain these observations. This model may also indicate the mechanism by which the CENP-B protein recognises specific sites within the arrays of minor satellite DNA on mouse chromosomes.
Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Human Milk Over 4 Months of Lactation (1993)

This study aimed to examine the carbohydrate content (monosaccharides, lactose, and oligosaccharides) of human milk over 4 months of lactation to determine whether any changes occurred over time. Milk samples from 46 mothers, who delivered at term, were collected at 4th, 10th, 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th days after delivery. Carbohydrates were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Mean lactose concentration (+/- SD) increased from 56 +/- 6.06 g/L on day 4 to 68.9 +/- 8.16 g/L on day 120. Oligosaccharide level decreased from 20.9 +/- 4.81 g/L to 12.9 +/- 3.30 g/L, respectively. Monosaccharides represented only 1.2% of total carbohydrates. The changes in carbohydrate composition found indicate that carbohydrate synthesis by the mammary gland is a dynamic process. The physiological and biological relevance of human milk oligosaccharides is also discussed.
Segmented successive cancellation list polar decoding with joint BCH-CRC codes (2017)

Polar codes, which have been adopted as the channel code for 3GPP eMBB control channel, are the first codes achieving the capacity of symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels (B-DMCs). For short length polar codes, which are favorable for control channels, CRC-aided segmented successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding can reduce the hardware complexity and memory cost. However, CRC brings no performance gain in segmented decoding. In this paper, an efficient joint decoding scheme called BCH-CRC-aided segmented SCL decoding (BC-SCL) is firstly proposed. Its HARQ refined version is also given. BCH and CRC are employed in different segments to maximize their own correction or check advantages. Numerical results on binary-input additive white Gaussian noise (BI-AWGN) channel have shown the performance gain of the proposed BC-SCL decoder. The corresponding hardware architecture is also proposed. Short-length BC-SCL decoder with (N = 128, K = 64, L = 2) is implemented with Altera Stratix V FPGA. Compared to the CRC-aided decoder, the proposed decoder requires only 76.12% ALMs with slightly increased latency. Therefore, BC-SCL scheme can highly demonstrate advantages of both BCH and CRC in polar segmented decoding.
A self-coordinating approach to distributed fair queueing in ad hoc wireless networks (2002)

Distributed fair queueing in shared-medium ad hoc wireless networks is non-trivial because of the unique design challenges in such networks, such as location-dependent contention, distributed nature of ad hoc fair queueing, channel spatial reuse, and scalability in the presence of node mobility. In this paper, we seek to devise new distributed, localized, scalable and efficient solutions to this problem. We first analyze an ideal centralized fair queueing algorithm developed for ad hoc networks, and extract the desired global properties that the localized algorithms should possess. We then propose three localized fair queueing models, in which local schedulers self-coordinate their local interactions and collectively achieve the desired global properties. We further describe a novel implementation of the proposed models within the framework of the popular CSMA/CA paradigm and address several practical issues. Our simulations and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed design.
cDNA cloning of a human homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell fate-determining gene mab-21: expression, chromosomal localization and analysis of a highly polymorphic (CAG)n trinucleotide repeat (1996)

The two most consistent features of the diseases caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion-neuropsychiatric symptoms and the phenomenon of genetic anticipation-may be present in forms of dementia, hereditary ataxia, Parkinsonism, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia and autism. To identify candidate genes for these disorders, we have screened human brain cDNA libraries for the presence of gene fragments containing polymorphic trinucleotide repeats. Here we report the cDNA cloning of CAGR1, originally detected in a retinal cDNA library. The 2743 bp cDNA contains a 1077 bp open reading frame encoding 359 amino acids. This amino acid sequence is homologous (56% amino acid identify and 81% amino acid conservation) to the Caenorhabditis elegans cell fate-determining protein mab-21. CAGR1 is expressed in several human tissues, most prominently in the cerebellum, as a message of approximately 3.0 kb. The gene was mapped to 13q13, just telomeric to D13S220. A 5'-untranslated CAG trinucleotide repeat is highly polymorphic, with repeat length ranging from six to 31 triplets and a heterozygosity of 87-88% in 684 chromosomes from several human populations. One allele from an individual with an atypical movement disorder and bipolar affective disorder type II contains 46 triplets, 15 triplets longer than any other allele detected. Though insufficient data are available to link the long repeat to this clinical phenotype, an expansion mutation of the CAGR1 repeat can be considered a candidate for the etiology of disorders with anticipation or developmental abnormalities, and particularly any such disorders linked to chromosome 13.
Coordinate secretion and functional synergism of T cell‐associated serine proteinase‐1 (MTSP‐1) and endoglycosidase(s) of activated T cells (1991)

Cell lysates and exocytosed soluble mediator(s) (ESM) released from CD8+ T cell lines (TCL) by receptor-triggered secretory exocytosis were tested for degradation of proteoglycans associated with in vitro produced subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM). ESM was found to release low-molecular weight (kav 0.5-0.6) fragments from the sulfated proteoglycans in ECM. In the presence of heparin, an inhibitor for endoglycosidase activity, only high-molecular-weight products (kav 0.2) were formed. Preincubation of ESM with HD-prolylphenylalanyl-arginyl-chloromethylketone (PFR-CK) an inhibitor for the T cell-associated serine proteinase-1 (MTSP-1) totally prevented release of high- and low-molecular weight proteoglycan fragments. Furthermore, it was shown that purified MTSP-1 is able to release from ECM high-molecular weight proteoglycans and that this process is inhibitable by PFR-CK but not by heparin. Further treatment of these soluble high-molecular weight sulfated proteoglycans with ESM from TCL 1.D9 led to appearance of low-molecular weight split products (kav 0.5-0.6). This conversion was inhibitable by heparin but not by PFR-CK. These findings indicate that activated T cells contain two enzymatic activities, i.e. MTSP-1 and at least one endoglycosidase, which after receptor-triggered secretion can synergize in the degradation of sulfated proteoglycans in subendothelial ECM.
Detection and characterization of functional T cells in mice with severe combined immune deficiency (1988)

CD3+ alloresponsive T cell clones were derived from mice with severe combined immune deficiency (scid mice). T cell receptor beta and gamma gene rearrangements were analyzed to obtain insight into the nature and origin of these clones. We hypothesized that developing scid lymphocytes with an active, impaired recombinase system might generate functional lymphocytes by rare productive rearrangements at two critical antigen receptor loci. One alloresponsive clone showed evidence of both normally rearranged T cell receptor genes and genes with abnormal J region-associated deletions, supporting this hypothesis. Four additional alloresponsive clones, however, showed only conventional gene rearrangements. These data leave open the possibility that the recombinase activity, believed defective in scid mice, may be normalized in rare early B and T lymphoid cells or their precursors, to give rise to functional lymphocytes.
Temporal and spatial properties of some deep moonquake clusters (2007)

Using the event search method of Bulow et al. (2005), we have found 503 new deep moonquakes among the eight largest (in terms of total number) nearside source regions, increasing the number of identified events for each cluster an average of 36% over the existing catalog. These new events provide an improved deep event catalog, with which we explore some temporal and spatial aspects of deep moonquakes. First, we examine the spectra of moonquake occurrence times at each deep source region, and observe known tidal periodicities, notably those at ∼27 days and 206 days. Application of spectral methods for the analyses of point processes (discrete events) allows us to resolve closely spaced tidal periods not previously seen in moonquake data. Second, we pick seismic phase arrival times from optimized stacks of events from each source region. We use these picks, along with published velocity models, to relocate the nine source regions. Source regions A1 and A18 are the best located, with 95% confidence bounds of less than ±5° in latitude and longitude, and consistent with estimates from different studies. The locations of source regions A8 and A9 are poorly constrained, with uncertainties in latitude of up to ±28° resulting from the absence of clear phase arrivals at station 15. Large trade‐offs exist between relocation estimates and choice of velocity model, and the lack of reliable seismic phase arrivals severely affects location error.
Flow Electrosyntheses of Group II–VI Compound Semiconductor Thin Films and Composition‐modulated Superstructures (1992)

Stoichiometric and thin films and alternating (nanomodulated) layers of and were electrosynthesized on polycrystalline Ti substrates using a flow technique. A potential step‐hold sequence was employed coupled with solution flow (5 ml/min) wherein was used to generate , and was the starting medium composition for . For the electrosynthesis of ... superstructures, these two bath composition modulations were interspersed with a 1M "wash" step.
Hypoxia Mediated Release of Endothelial Microparticles and Increased Association of S100A12 with Circulating Neutrophils (2008)

Microparticles are released from the endothelium under normal homeostatic conditions and have been shown elevated in disease states, most notably those characterised by endothelial dysfunction. The endothelium is sensitive to oxidative stress/status and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression is upregulated upon activated endothelium, furthermore the presence of VCAM-1 on microparticles is known. S100A12, a calcium binding protein part of the S100 family, is shown to be present on circulating leukocytes and is thought a sensitive marker to local inflammatory process, which may be driven by oxidative stress. Eight healthy males were subjected to breathing hypoxic air (15% O(2), approximately equivalent to 3000 metres altitude) for 80 minutes in a temperature controlled laboratory and venous blood samples were processed immediately for VCAM-1 microparticles (VCAM-1 MP) and S100A12 association with leukocytes by flow cytometry. A pre-hypoxic blood sample was used for comparison. Both VCAM-1 MP and S100A12 association with neutrophils were significantly elevated post hypoxic breathing later declining to levels observed in the pre-test samples. A similar trend was observed in both cases and a correlation may exist between these two markers in response to hypoxia. These data offer evidence using novel markers of endothelial and circulating blood responses to hypoxia.
Visualizing Gas Molecules Interacting with Supported Nanoparticulate Catalysts at Reaction Conditions (2012)

Understanding how molecules can restructure the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts under reaction conditions requires methods that can visualize atoms in real space and time. We applied a newly developed aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy to show that adsorbed carbon monoxide (CO) molecules caused the {100} facets of a gold nanoparticle to reconstruct during CO oxidation at room temperature. The CO molecules adsorbed at the on-top sites of gold atoms in the reconstructed surface, and the energetic favorability of this reconstructed structure was confirmed by ab initio calculations and image simulations. This atomic-scale visualizing method can be applied to help elucidate reaction mechanisms in heterogeneous catalysis.
High-speed monolithic GaInAs twin- <i>pin</i> photodiode for balanced optical coherent receivers (1989)

A high-speed, monolithic GaInAs twin-pin photodiode has been fabricated for balanced optical coherent receiver applications. A very small capacitance of 80 fF, a high quantum efficiency of 80% and −3dB cutoff frequency of more than 13 GHz have been achieved. An intensity modulation suppression of −30 dB has been measured up to 7 GHz, which provides evidence of an excellent balance between the characteristics of the two photodiodes.
Prevention of death from endotoxin with antisera. I. The risk of fatal anaphylaxis to endotoxin. (1969)

Rabbit antiserum against the endotoxins in smooth and rough bacteria, as well as rabbit antiserum against the endotoxins in heterologous organisms, prevented death in mice given lethal intravenous doses of endotoxin. These results indicated that different Gram-negative bacterial species share a protective antigen unrelated to “O” antigen. Similar protection was then attempted in mice with antisera prepared in the same animal family, i.e., rats. Instead of protecting, such sera sensitized mice so that otherwise sublethal doses of intravenous homologous endotoxin produced deaths from anaphylaxis within 1 hr. These small doses of endotoxin did not produce anaphylactic deaths in mice given immune rat serum prepared against unrelated (heterologous) endotoxins. The differential effects of protective rabbit antibody and anaphylactic rat antibody are thus attributed to reactions with different antigenic sites on the endotoxin molecule: anaphylactic antibody with the oligosaccharide “O” determinants, and protective antibody with a core antigen. Solution of the anaphylaxis problem is essential to the development of protective antisera against lethal endotoxemia.
Formation of Δ<sup>2</sup>-oxazolines by cyclization of N-acyl-β-hydroxy-amines on zinc acetate. An oxazoline complex of zinc acetate (1972)

E. Ghera and S. Shoua, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 639 DOI: 10.1039/C39720000639
Penetratin Improves Tumor Retention of Single-Chain Antibodies: A Novel Step toward Optimization of Radioimmunotherapy of Solid Tumors (2005)

Single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments exhibit improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution compared with intact IgG. The tumor uptake of scFvs is rapid, and the serum half-life is shorter than IgG. However, scFvs exhibit lower net dose deposition in the tumor due to a shorter residence time that limits their use in radioimmunotherapy. To improve the tumor uptake and retention of scFvs, we investigated the utility of cell-penetrating peptides, penetratin and transactivator of transcription (TAT). Biodistribution studies were done in LS174T tumor-bearing mice with divalent scFv derived from anti-tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 monoclonal antibody (mAb) CC49. Penetratin increased the tumor retention of scFvs without affecting the peak dose accumulation. The percentage of doses retained in tumors at 24 hours post-administration with a control (no peptide), penetratin, and TAT were 27.25%, 79.84%, and 48.55%, respectively, of that accumulated at 8 hours postinjection. The tumor-to-blood ratios at 24 hours postadministration were 7.14, 19.53, and 16.48 with control, penetratin, and TAT treatment, respectively, whereas the pharmacokinetics were unaltered. Coinjection with TAT, however, resulted in increased uptake of the radioconjugate by the lungs. Autoradiography of the excised tumors indicated a more homogenous distribution of the radiolabeled scFv with both penetratin and TAT in comparison with the control treatment. Real-time whole-body imaging of the live animals confirmed improved tumor localization with penetratin without any increase in the uptake by normal tissues. In conclusion, a significant improvement in the tumor retention of sc(Fv)2 was achieved by administration of penetratin. Therefore, the combination of penetratin and scFvs has the potential of improving the utility of mAb-based radiopharmaceuticals.
The Interaction between HIV-1 Gag and APOBEC3G (2004)

APOBEC3G, a member of an RNA/DNA cytidine deaminase superfamily, has been identified as a cellular inhibitor of HIV-1 infectivity, possibly through the dC to dU deamination of the first minus strand cDNA synthesized during reverse transcription. Virions incorporate APOBEC3G during viral assembly in non-permissive cells, and this incorporation is inhibited by the viral protein Vif. The mechanism of APOBEC3G incorporation into HIV-1 is examined in this report. In the absence of Vif, cytoplasmic APOBEC3G becomes membrane-bound in cells expressing HIV-1 Gag, and its incorporation into Gag viral-like particles (VLPs) is proportional to the amount of APOBEC3G expressed in the cell. The expression of Vif, or mutant Gag unable to bind to membrane, prevents the APOBEC3G association with membrane. HIV-1 Gag alone among viral proteins is sufficient for packaging of APOBEC3G into Gag VLPs, and this incorporation requires the presence of Gag nucleocapsid. The presence of amino acids 104-156 in APOBEC3G, located in the linker region between two zinc coordination motifs, is also required for its incorporation into Gag VLPs. Evidence against an RNA bridge facilitating the Gag/APOBEC3G interaction includes data indicating that 1) the incorporation of APOBEC3G occurs independently of viral genomic RNA, 2) a Gag/APOBEC3G complex is immunoprecipitated from cell lysate after RNase treatment, and 3) the zinc coordination motif, rather than the regions flanking this motif, have been implicated in RNA binding in another family member, APOBEC1.
A Comparative Assessment of Conventional and Machine-Learning-Based Scoring Functions in Predicting Binding Affinities of Protein-Ligand Complexes (2011)

Accurately predicting the binding affinities of large sets of protein-ligand complexes is a key challenge in computational biomolecular science, with applications in drug discovery, chemical biology, and structural biology. Since a scoring function (SF) is used to score, rank, and identify drug leads, the fidelity with which it predicts the affinity of a ligand candidate for a protein's binding site has a significant bearing on the accuracy of virtual screening. Despite intense efforts in developing conventional SFs, which are either force-field based, knowledge-based, or empirical, their limited predictive power has been a major roadblock toward cost-effective drug discovery. Therefore, in this work, we explore a range of novel SFs employing different machine-learning (ML) approaches in conjunction with physicochemical features characterizing protein-ligand complexes. We assess the scoring accuracies of these new ML-based SFs as well as those of conventional SFs in the context of the 2007 PDBbind benchmark dataset on both diverse and protein-family-specific test sets. We find that the best performing ML-based SF has a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.771 between predicted and measured binding affinities compared to 0.644 achieved by a state-of-the-art conventional SF.
GM-CSF as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases (2016)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been known as a hematopoietic growth factor and immune modulator. Recent studies revealed that GM-CSF also had pro-inflammatory functions and contributed to the pathogenicity of Th17 cells in the development of Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases. GM-CSF inhibition in some animal models of autoimmune diseases showed significant beneficial effects. Therefore, several agents targeting GM-CSF are being developed and are expected to be a useful strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Particularly, in clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, GM-CSF inhibition showed rapid and significant efficacy with no serious side effects. This article summarizes recent findings of GM-CSF and information of clinical trials targeting GM-CSF in autoimmune diseases.
What attracts the eye to the location of missed and reported breast cancers? (2002)

The primary detector of breast cancer is the human eye, as it examines mammograms searching for signs of the disease. Nonetheless, it has been shown that 10-30% of all cancers in the breast are not reported by the radiologist, even though most of these are visible retrospectively. Studies of eye position have shown that the eye tends to dwell in the locations of both reported and not reported cancers, indicating that the problem is not faulty visual search, but rather, that is primarily related to perceptual and decision making mechanisms. In this paper we model the areas that attracted the radiologists' visual attention when reading mammograms and that yielded a decision by the radiologist, being this decision overt or covert. We contrast the characteristics of areas that contain cancers that were reported from the ones that contain cancers that, albeit attracting attention, did not reach an internal conspicuity threshold to be reported.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN FK506-TREATED RATS (1992)

FK506, a new immunosuppressant, caused glucose intolerance in rats given daily oral doses of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days, but did not induce hyperglycemia under normal feeding. Besides the glucose intolerance, insulin secretion was impaired and insulin levels in the pancreas were lowered. Histopathologically, there was vacuolation of the Langerhans islets in the animals given 10 mg/kg. After withdrawal of the drug, these changes in pancreatic function and morphology returned to normal within 2 weeks. The findings indicate that FK506 caused dose-dependent but reversible islet toxicity in rats.