gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Modulation of Virus‐Induced Oxidative Stress via the Nrf2‐Dependent Antioxidative Pathway (2018)

Virus-induced oxidative stress plays a critical role in the viral life cycle as well as the pathogenesis of viral diseases. In response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by a virus, a host cell activates an antioxidative defense system for its own protection. Particularly, a nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway works in a front-line for cytoprotection and detoxification. Recently, a series of studies suggested that a group of clinically relevant viruses have the capacity for positive and negative regulations of the Nrf2 pathway. This virus-induced modulation of the host antioxidative response turned out to be a crucial determinant for the progression of several viral diseases. In this review, virus-specific examples of positive and negative modulations of the Nrf2 pathway will be summarized first. Then a number of successful genetic and pharmacological manipulations of the Nrf2 pathway for suppression of the viral replication and the pathogenesis-associated oxidative damage will be discussed later. Understanding of the interplay between virus-induced oxidative stress and antioxidative host response will aid in the discovery of potential antiviral supplements for better management of viral diseases.
Toward better drug repositioning: prioritizing and integrating existing methods into efficient pipelines (2013)

Recycling old drugs, rescuing shelved drugs and extending patents' lives make drug repositioning an attractive form of drug discovery. Drug repositioning accounts for approximately 30% of the newly US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and vaccines in recent years. The prevalence of drug-repositioning studies has resulted in a variety of innovative computational methods for the identification of new opportunities for the use of old drugs. Questions often arise from customizing or optimizing these methods into efficient drug-repositioning pipelines for alternative applications. It requires a comprehensive understanding of the available methods gained by evaluating both biological and pharmaceutical knowledge and the elucidated mechanism-of-action of drugs. Here, we provide guidance for prioritizing and integrating drug-repositioning methods for specific drug-repositioning pipelines.
A frequency spectral analysis of the fiber failure acoustic emission signal in a single fiber composite (2002)

A new acoustic emission failure mode analysis methodology for composite materials was developed. A single carbon fiber composite based on a polyester matrix has been used as a simple model. Fiber breakage during tensile loading tests was observed by using a polarized light microscope and simultaneously detected by a resonant acoustic probe. The resonant probe was used as a trigger for recording the fiber failure events. Single acoustic emission events from a wide band probe were recorded for fast Fourier transform analysis. The single fiber specimen, having an unique failure mode, presents advantages for standardization of AE techniques for quantitative analysis of failures in polymer composite materials. The same procedure can be exploited to investigate the other failure modes, namely fiber-matrix debonding and matrix cracking.
Phospholipase Region of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Is a Preferential Locus for IS <i>6110</i> Transposition (2001)

Enzymes with phospholipase C activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been recently described. The three genes encoding these proteins, plcA, plcB, and plcC, are located at position 2351 of the genomic map of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and are arranged in tandem. We have previously described the presence of variations in the restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of the plcA and plcB genes in M. tuberculosis clinical isolates. In the present work we investigated the origin of this polymorphism by sequence analysis of the phospholipase-encoding regions of 11 polymorphic M. tuberculosis clinical isolates. To do so, a long-PCR assay was used to amplify a 5,131-bp fragment that contains the plcA and plcB genes and part of the plcC gene. In the M. tuberculosis strains studied the production of an amplicon approximately 1,400 bp larger than anticipated was observed. Sequence analysis of the PCR products indicated the presence of a foreign sequence that corresponded to an IS6110 element. We observed insertion elements in the plcA, plcB, and plcC genes. One site in plcB had the highest incidence of transposition (5 out of 11 strains). In two strains the insertion element was found in plcA in the same nucleotide position. In all the cases, IS6110 was transposed in the same direction. The high level of transposition in the phospholipase region can lead to the excision of fragments of genomic DNA by recombination of neighboring IS6110 elements, as demonstrated by finding the deletion, in two strains, of a 2,837-bp fragment that included plcA and most of plcB. This can explain the negative results obtained by some authors when detecting the mtp40 sequence (plcA) by PCR. Given the high polymorphism in this region, the use of the mtp40 sequence as a genetic marker for M. tuberculosis sensu stricto is very restricted.
PALLADIUM CATALYST. II. THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE IN THE HYDROGENATION OF ISONITROSO KETONES (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPALLADIUM CATALYST. II. THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE IN THE HYDROGENATION OF ISONITROSO KETONESWalter H. HartungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 6, 2248–2253Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01357a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01357a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Theology and Tradition (1914)

It must be confessed that many a candidate for the Christian ministry nowadays enters upon his course of professional study with misgiving. He is quite clear as to his own purpose, to serve God in his day and generation most directly and effectively by showing Him forth in word and deed. But he has a vague feeling that the curriculum of the theological seminary has nothing very definite to contribute to the preparation for this lifework. A glance at the announcement shows him that it concerns itself largely with the distant past—the writings of the Old and New Testaments, the vicissitudes and controversies of the Church, the theological problems set by dead religious thinkers. While he is eager to rush into the thick of the fray, he is bidden to stay and devote some of his most precious years to a laborious survey of ancient ground. Would it not be better to leave tradition and the traditional disciplines on one side, and give his time and attention at once to the consideration of the present needs of society and of the men and women who compose it? to learn what there is to do, and how to do it?
Preemptive cellular immunotherapy after T-cell-depleted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2002)

GVHD is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). GVHD is due to donor lymphocytes that are cotransplanted with donor stem cells. These donor lymphocytes are primed by histocompatibility differences between donors and recipients and activated by a cytokine storm caused by the conditioning regimen. The most efficient method for prevention of GVHD consists of T-cell depletion (TCD) of the graft. However, TCD usually leads to an increased risk of leukemia relapse because of the loss of the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Several groups have studied the feasibility of preemptive donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) to lessen the impact of TCD on leukemia relapse. Preemptive DLI is given several weeks to months after the transplantation, ie, after the cytokine storm and after the patient has recovered from conditioning-regimen-related toxicities. After briefly discussing various techniques of TCD of the graft and the efficacy of DLI, this article reviews the first clinical studies evaluating a strategy of TCD of the graft followed by preemptive DLI.
Fast and Robust Joint Models for Biomedical Event Extraction (2011)

Extracting biomedical events from literature has attracted much recent attention. The bestperforming systems so far have been pipelines of simple subtask-specific local classifiers. A natural drawback of such approaches are cascading errors introduced in early stages of the pipeline. We present three joint models of increasing complexity designed to overcome this problem. The first model performs joint trigger and argument extraction, and lends itself to a simple, efficient and exact inference algorithm. The second model captures correlations between events, while the third model ensures consistency between arguments of the same event. Inference in these models is kept tractable through dual decomposition. The first two models outperform the previous best joint approaches and are very competitive with respect to the current state-of-theart. The third model yields the best results reported so far on the BioNLP 2009 shared task, the BioNLP 2011 Genia task and the BioNLP
Blood cell and plasma protein repellent properties of Star-PEG-modified surfaces (2006)

The implantation of biomaterials, medical devices or prostheses can instigate a rejection response or initiate an undesirable adsorption of plasma proteins, as well as blood cells on the implant surface, thus triggering diverse defense mechanisms against the supposed pathologic invader. The extent of this inflammatory reaction depends in part on the biocompatibility of the used materials or coatings. Although adsorption and coagulation responses can appear during the total in vivo lifetime of the implant, they are initially and crucially formed within the first 2-4 weeks of implantation. This early phase is of decisive importance for the consecutive in-growth and healing process. The present study was intended to elucidate the effects of blood contact to surfaces modified with reactive six-arm star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol-stat-propylene glycol) pre-polymers (Star PEG). Taken together, for Star-PEG-covered substrates we could demonstrate a profound reduction of various blood-biomaterial interactions compared to non-coated substrates, indicating the promising potential of this material as future coating for biomaterials with blood contact.
Self-synchronizing variable-length codes for image transmission (1992)

Variable-length codes are vulnerable to loss of synchronization if they are transmitted through a noisy channel. In order to achieve synchronization regardless of the preceding synchronization slippage, the concept of extended synchronizing codewords is introduced. An iterative algorithm is proposed to design extended synchronizing codewords efficiently. The extended synchronizing codewords are placed in fixed positions of an image to control error propagation due to synchronization slippage. However, the image can still be partially corrupted by channel noises. An error concealment method to further improve the image quality is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome (2017)

About 20% of patients develop antidepressant discontinuation syndrome following an abrupt stoppage of or marked reduction in the dose of an antidepressant taken continuously for one month.[1][1] Symptoms are usually mild and may occur following treatment with any type of antidepressant. Symptoms
Neural network-based clustering using pairwise constraints (2015)

This paper presents a neural network-based end-to-end clustering framework. We design a novel strategy to utilize the contrastive criteria for pushing data-forming clusters directly from raw data, in addition to learning a feature embedding suitable for such clustering. The network is trained with weak labels, specifically partial pairwise relationships between data instances. The cluster assignments and their probabilities are then obtained at the output layer by feed-forwarding the data. The framework has the interesting characteristic that no cluster centers need to be explicitly specified, thus the resulting cluster distribution is purely data-driven and no distance metrics need to be predefined. The experiments show that the proposed approach beats the conventional two-stage method (feature embedding with k-means) by a significant margin. It also compares favorably to the performance of the standard cross entropy loss for classification. Robustness analysis also shows that the method is largely insensitive to the number of clusters. Specifically, we show that the number of dominant clusters is close to the true number of clusters even when a large k is used for clustering.
Conversion of pBR322-based plasmids into broad-host-range vectors by using the Tn3 transposition mechanism (1994)

We constructed a series of transposon vectors which allow efficient in vitro gene manipulation and subsequent introduction of cloned DNA into a variety of gram-negative bacteria. Transfer of the cloned fragment from these multicopy plasmids into self-transmissible broad-host-range vectors is achieved in vivo, using the Tn3 transposition mechanism. Transposition into a variety of broad-host-range plasmids proceeds efficiently, and the resulting recombinant plasmids can be readily transferred and maintained in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. The utility of the transposable vectors was demonstrated by the introduction and expression of the lacIPOZY sequences of Escherichia coli into Pseudomonas putida strains, allowing them to utilize lactose as a sole source of carbon and energy.
Effects of condensation in microchannels with a porous boundary: analytical investigation on heat transfer and meniscus shape (2002)

In two-phase miniature and microchannel flows, the meniscus shape must be considered due to effects that are affected by condensation and/or evaporation and coupled with the transport phenomena in the thin film on the microchannel wall, when capillary forces drive the working fluid. This investigation presents an analytical model for microchannel condensers with a porous boundary, where capillary forces pump the fluid. Methanol was selected as the working fluid. Very low liquid Reynolds numbers were obtained (Re~6), but very high Nusselt numbers (Nu~150) could be found due to the channel size (1.5 mm) and the presence of the porous boundary. The meniscus calculation provided consistent results for the vapor interface temperature and pressure, as well as the meniscus curvature. The obtained results show that microchannel condensers with a porous boundary can be used for heat dissipation with reduced heat transfer area and very high heat dissipation capabilities.
Effects of acipimox on the lipolysis rate in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese subjects (2001)

In the present study basal glycerol outflow from adipose tissue was inhibited by acipimox. The anti-lipolytic action of the agent may diminish elevated plasma concentrations of free fatty acids in subjects with severe obesity.
Cooperative Interaction of EWS with CREB-binding Protein Selectively Activates Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4-mediated Transcription (2003)

The EWS gene when fused to transcription factors such as the ETS family ATF-1, Wilms' tumor-1, and nuclear orphan receptors upon chromosomal translocation is thought to contribute the development of Ewing sarcoma and several malignant tumors. Although EWS is predicted to be an RNA-binding protein, an inherent EWS nuclear function has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found that EWS associates with a transcriptional co-activator CREB-binding protein (CBP) and the hypophosphorylated RNA polymerase II, which are included preferentially in the transcription preinitiation complex. These interactions suggest the potential involvement of EWS in gene transcription, leading to the hypothesis that EWS may function as a co-activator of CBP-dependent transcription factors. Based on this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of EWS on the activation of nuclear receptors that are activated by CBP. Of nuclear receptors examined, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-dependent transcription was selectively enhanced by EWS but not by an EWS mutant defective for CBP binding. These results suggest that EWS as a co-activator requires CBP for hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-mediated transcriptional activation.
A New Synthetic Route to Authentic <i>N</i>-Substituted Aminomaleimides (2005)

A number of compounds reported in the literature as N-aminomaleimides (2) are, instead, isomeric N-aminoisomaleimides (3). The ubiquity of this mischaracterization and its propagation within the literature are discussed. In addition, the first general synthetic route to aliphatic and aromatic N-substituted aminomaleimides is described. As an illustration, the compound reported to be N-(4-bromophenylamino)maleimide (2b) was prepared and determined to be N-(4-bromophenylamino)isomaleimide (3b). The authentic compound was synthesized by the condensation of 4-bromophenylhydrazine (7b) and the exo-furan/maleic anhydride Diels-Alder adduct (8) in acetic acid to produce the furan-protected aminomaleimide 10b, followed by heating to remove furan through the retro Diels-Alder reaction. The structures of 2b, 3b, and 10b were established unequivocally by X-ray crystallography and other spectroscopic techniques.
Feasibility study of printing sub-100-nm with ArF lithography (2001)

The feasibility of sub-100 nm patterning with ArF lithography has been studied. We used ArF 0.63 NA exposure tool and investigated process windows. In-house resist (DHA-H110) and bottom anti-reflective coating material (HEART004) are used as well as commercial ones. To print sub-100 nm patterns we used the resolution enhancement technology (RET) that is extreme off-axis illumination (OAI) such as dipole and strong annular. To predict the result and compare with experimental data our simulation tool HOST (Hyundai OPC Simulation Tool) based on diffused aerial image model (DAIM) was used. Although the infrastructure of ArF lithography is not mature enough, we got a good result. For 95 nm and 90 nm patterns we could get more than 8% exposure latitude (EL) and 0.3 micrometer depth of focus (DOF). For isolated gate pattern sub-70 nm pattern was printed and we have got the characteristics of 70 nm periphery transistor. For contact hole (C/H) patterns it was more effective to use KrF lithography because resist thermal flow process (RFP) can be used to shrink C/H size. With RFP we printed up to 50 nm C/H patterns. Through this study we found that k1 value can be reduced up to 0.29 and ArF lithography can be applied for 70 nm node with high contrast resist and high NA exposure tool.
STAP in conformal phased array airborne radar (2002)

The pattern and the element location method of a conformal phased array (CPA) are deduced and the characteristics of the space-time clutter of CPA side-looking airborne radar are analyzed. Finally, a clutter suppression technique based on space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is discussed.
Tailoring Continuous Word Representations for Dependency Parsing (2014)

Word representations have proven useful for many NLP tasks, e.g., Brown clusters as features in dependency parsing (Koo et al., 2008). In this paper, we investigate the use of continuous word representations as features for dependency parsing. We compare several popular embeddings to Brown clusters, via multiple types of features, in both news and web domains. We find that all embeddings yield significant parsing gains, including some recent ones that can be trained in a fraction of the time of others. Explicitly tailoring the representations for the task leads to further improvements. Moreover, an ensemble of all representations achieves the best results, suggesting their complementarity.
Effect of W Addition on the Martensitic Transformation and Shape Memory Behaviour of the TiNi-Base Alloys (1995)

The effect of W addition on the martensitic transformation (MT) and SM effect, especially reversible shape memory(two way shape memory) effect of the TiNi base alloys was investigated. It was found that addition of W in the TiNi and TiNi-Cu SM alloys does not affect essentially MT itself. Transformation temperatures slightly decrease with increasing W content (3 to 5K/at%W) and transformation hysteresis does not widen. By measuring change in bending strain above and below Af and Ms of the specimen of W added alloys showed that quite clear RSM effect is obtained even in the specimen slightly deformed by simple bending with bending strain 0.05 below Ms. It was found that W is less soluble in the TiNi matrix and makes fine particles with the size around 20 microns by EPMA analysis. It is expected that fine and hard W precipitates would make the origin of strain field for MT during the 2nd and further heating and cooling cycle. It is thus quite hopeful to develope TiNi alloys with good RSM effect by using these W added alloys.
Recent advances in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (2006)

This review will discuss each of the different loci and genes of these disorders, showing glimpses into a possible underlying pathomechanism leading to the degeneration of sensory and autonomic neurons.
Identification of the Activating and Conjugating Enzymes of the NEDD8 Conjugation Pathway (1999)

NEDD8 is a ubiquitin-like molecule that can be covalently conjugated to a limited number of cellular proteins, such as Cdc53/cullin. We have previously reported that the C terminus of NEDD8 is efficiently processed to expose Gly-76, which is required for conjugation to target proteins. A combination of data base searches and polymerase chain reaction cloning was used to identify a cDNA encoding human UBA3, which is 38% identical to the yeast homologue, 22% identical to human UBA2, and 19% identical to the C-terminal region of human UBE1. The human UBA3 gene is located on chromosome 3p13 and gave rise to a 2.2-kilobase pair transcript that was detected in all tissues. Human UBA3 could be precipitated with glutathione S-transferase (GST)-NEDD8, but not with GST-ubiquitin or GST-sentrin-1. Moreover, human UBA3 could form a beta-mercaptoethanol-sensitive conjugate with NEDD8 in the presence of APP-BP1, a protein with sequence homology to the N-terminal half of ubiquitin-activating enzyme. We have also cloned human UBC12 and demonstrated that it could form a thiol ester linkage with NEDD8 in the presence of the activating enzyme complex. Identification of the activating and conjugating enzymes of the NEDD8 conjugation pathway should allow for a more detailed study of the role of NEDD8 modification in health and disease.