gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remote chemical sensing by laser optical pumping (1996)

We are exploring a new approach to remote chemical identification that promises higher precision than can be achieved by conventional DIAL approaches. This technique also addresses and potentially solves the problem of detecting a target gas in the presence of an interfering gas or gases. This new approach utilizes an eye-safe infrared optical pumping pulse to deplete the population of a specific rotational level(s) and then sends probe pulses at the same or different wavelengths to interrogate the bleaching of the absorption. We have experimentally measured optical saturation fluence level at atmospheric pressure for HCl, and find this level to be {approximately}1 mJ/cm{sup 2}, significantly below eye-safe limits in agreement with calculations. Calculations have been performed on other molecules of interest with similar results. In the laboratory, using time-delay-replicated pulses at a single frequency we have made absorption measurements with precision levels routinely approaching 0.1% after averaging 200 laser pulses. These results as well as those of two other pulse experiments will be presented. 5 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.
Angiogenesis, protein and gene delivery (2001)

Advances in our understanding of angiogenesis and blood vessel growth have given rise to efforts to develop novel therapeutic approaches for patients with ischaemia who are not adequately treated with presently available therapies. Among the growth factors that play a role in blood vessel growth and development, vascular endothelial growth factors and fibroblast growth factors have been the most extensively studied. Various methods of delivery have been utilized to enhance localization and persistence, including methods for delivery of proteins as well as gene transfer techniques. Initial clinical trials have now been undertaken. Preliminary information on efficacy is beginning to become available, raising hopes, as well as questions about the future direction and potential success of therapeutic angiogenesis as a clinical approach to the treatment of ischaemia.
Cloning and expression of the maltohexaose-forming amylase gene from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. H-167 in Escherichia coli. (1989)

The gene for maltohexaose-forming amylase (G6-amylase) from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. H-167 was cloned into Escherichia coli HB101 using pBR329 as a cloning vector. Recombinant pi as mid, pSB404, containing a 3.0kb fragment derived from H-167 DNA, was shown to direct the synthesis of G6-amylase, which was partly secreted into the culture broth on the addition of a certain carbohydrate. The pH- and temperature-activity profiles of the G6-amylases from HB101 (pSB404) and H-167 were essentially the same. The G6-amylase produced by HB101 (pSB404) was observed to be multiform as well as H-167; the molecular weights were 90, 000, 73, 000 and 60, 000, respectively. Protease inhibitor experiments showed that the multiple expression was due to intracellular proteolysis of the enzyme.
Harnessing the stem cell for the treatment of tendon injuries: heralding a new dawn? (2005)

Stem cell technology may be useful in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries

Strain induced tendon or ligament injuries are an all too common consequence of athletic endeavour in both horses1 and humans,2–4 resulting in high morbidity and often compromising a return to the same level of activity.

In the horse, the most commonly injured structures are the weight bearing digital flexor tendons which lie on the palmar aspect of the metacarpus (fig 1). There are many similarities between the weight bearing tendons of the horse and the human athlete—for example, Achilles tendon—in function, matrix composition, and the nature of the injuries sustained. In contrast with positional tendons, such as the hand tendons, all weight bearing tendons function as springs, storing energy under weight bearing load for efficient locomotion.5 The horse has maximised this potential, resulting in efficiency of locomotion in excess of 100% at the gallop.6



 Figure 1 
 Equine superficial digital flexor tendinopathy. (A) The clinical appearance of the injury in the acute stages. The tendon, which lies on the most superficial aspect (immediately deep to the skin) of the palmar surface of the limb, becomes swollen, hot, and painful. This results in a curved, rather than the normally straight, contour to the back of the limb, hence, the colloquial term for the injury “a bowed leg”. MCP, metacarpophalangeal. (B) A transverse ultrasonograph from the mid-metacarpal region of a case similar to that shown in (A). Note the central hypoechoic region within the superficial digital flexor tendon characteristic of this injury. (C) Pathological sections of a corresponding injury, showing the preferential area of injury in the centre of the extra-thecal (mid-metacarpal) region of the tendon. Interestingly the area of the tendon “impinged” on the back of the metacarpophalangeal joint where the tendon changes direction and …
Elastic properties of muscles measured at the elbow in man: II. Patients with parkinsonian rigidity. (1986)

A method is described to measure reproducibly stiffness, and therefore "tone", at the elbow of patients with Parkinson's disease using a torque motor. In Parkinsonian versus normal patients (previously reported) it was observed that: the neutral angle in Parkinson's disease patients was significantly smaller (92 degrees +/- 15 degrees) than in normals (107 degrees +/- 10 degrees), and in Parkinson's disease patients, even with relatively mild symptoms, the upper limb was stiffer than normals in the totally relaxed state with no electromyographic activity present. Our results suggest that changes in the passive mechanical properties of the upper limb affected by Parkinsonian rigidity may have taken place, accounting for the more flexed neutral elbow angle and greater passive stiffness. Using this technique, response to antirigidity therapy and natural progression of illness can be quantitatively assessed and followed.
A fatigue approach to wind turbine control (2007)

Conventional design of wind turbine controllers is focused on speed and produced electric power. As fatigue loads is an important design consideration, the resulting design is evaluated also with respect to the fatigue loads inflicted on the turbine structure. This is normally done by performing simulations using tools like FLEX, HAWC or FAST, followed by rainflow counting in the resulting time series. This procedure constitutes an iterative design procedure involving realisations of the stress processes in order to obtain the time series needed for fatigue estimates.
An estrogen-inducible protein binds specifically to a sequence in the 3' untranslated region of estrogen-stabilized vitellogenin mRNA. (1994)

The 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) has been implicated in the estrogen stabilization of hepatic Xenopus laevis vitellogenin mRNA. We used RNA gel mobility shift assays to demonstrate that Xenopus liver contains a factor which binds with very high specificity to a segment of the 3'-UTR of vitellogenin B1 and B2 mRNAs. We detected a single high-affinity binding site in the vitellogenin mRNA 3'-UTR and localized the binding site to a 27-nucleotide region. Since binding was abolished by proteinase K digestion, at least a component of the factor is a protein. Following estrogen administration, binding was induced approximately four- to fivefold in extracts from liver polysomes. The hepatic vitellogenin mRNA-binding protein was found in both polysomes and cytosol. Since the protein was also estrogen inducible in cytosol, this represents a genuine induction, not simply recruitment of the cytosolic protein into polysomes. UV cross-linking studies with the 27-nucleotide recognition sequence revealed bands corresponding to bound proteins with apparent molecular weights of 71,000 and 141,000. This appears to be the first example of steroid hormone-inducible proteins binding to an mRNA 3'-UTR. Its induction by estrogen and its sequence-specific binding to a region of vitellogenin mRNA important in estrogen-mediated stabilization suggest that the protein may play a role in the regulation of mRNA stability.
Molecular Systematics of the Genus <i>Uvularia</i> and Selected Liliales Based upon <i>mat</i> K and <i>rbc</i> L Gene Sequence Data (1998)

Abstract To elucidate the affinity and phylogeny of the endemic North American genus Uvularia , two chloroplast genes, matK and rbcL , were sequenced for all five species of the genus (Uvufaria floridana, U. grandifolia, U. perfoliata, U. puberula , and U. sessilifolia) and four selected members of the Liliales (Erythronium japonicum, Disporum sessile, Medeola virginiana , and Clintonia borealis). Sequence data of both matK and rbcL genes support an Uvularia which consist of two clades, section Oakesiella and section Uvularia. Though sessile‐leaved and associated with section Oakesiella, U. puberula exhibits several intermediate characteristics between the sections. However, the overall molecular results correspond to an earlier sub‐grouping based upon gross morphology, karyology and ecological life history traits. These two cpDNA genes, notably matK tree, proved to be informative in reaffirming relationships within Uvularia. Differentiation patterns among selected morphological, karyological and life history traits were also analyzed in comparison to the resulting molecular topologies. In comparison to the selected outgroups, Disporum sessile proved to be closely related to Uvufaria in a narrowly defined Uvulariaceae ‐Uvulariea sensu Takhtajan (1997) or an expanded Colchicaceacae with a “uvularioid line” sensu Nordenstam (1998). The outgroup taxa, Erythronium, Medeola , and Clintonia , associate as a well supported lineage within a narrowly defined Liliaceae. Comment is also made on the multiple origins of berry fruits inthe Liliales.
An FDTD Algorithm for Wave Propagation in Dispersive Media using Higher-Order Schemes (2004)

Abstract A fourth-order accurate in space and second-order accurate in time, Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) scheme for wave propagation in lossy dispersive media is presented. The formulation of Maxwell's equations is fully described and an elaborate study of the stability and dispersion properties of the resulting algorithm is conducted. The efficiency of the proposed FDTD(2,4) technique compared to its conventional FDTD(2,2) counterpart is demonstrated through numerical results.
Impact of Geomagnetically Induced Currents on Power Transformers (2011)

This thesis deals with the impact of Geomagnetically Induced Current (GIC) on power transformers in electrical power systems. A simulator to calculate the flows of GIC in an electrical power network, based on an assumed or measured induced geoelectric potential is proposed. This simulator includes all needed mapping techniques to handle a system that cover a large geographical area.\nA correlation between GIC and the reactive power absorbed in the core of the saturated transformer is proposed. That correlation is used to estimate GIC in a transformer utilizing existing reactive power measuring infrastructure within the electrical grid without the need for dedicated measurement equipment. This technique is validated by simulations with electromagnetic transients software, laboratory work and through data recorded during a GIC event on the Hydro One network. The slope correlating reactive power absorption to GIC from an electromagnetic transient model of the transformer may be used to predict GIC levels in the actual transformers.\nThe application of the technique correlating GIC with reactive power absorption is examined on a segment of a real 500 kV power transmission system. This technique allows GIC to be taken into account during load flow studies. Additionally, some benefits of increased visibility of GIC in the system are shown. A method to determine the frequency and magnitude of the harmonic currents generated by a saturated transformer is also proposed. It is expected that studies conducted in this thesis will be of value to utilities like Hydro One in planning mitigation measures against GICs.
Synthesis of extended .beta.-carbonyl compounds (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of extended .beta.-carbonyl compoundsKeith T. Buck and Roy A. OlofsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 2, 867–869Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01266a093https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01266a093research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metallo-carbonyl complexes based on the CpFe(CO)2(η1-N-imidato) system as protein labelling reagents: reactivity and selectivity studies using bovine serum albumin as a model protein (1998)

Transition metallo-carbonyl complexes are useful bioprobes to study molecular recognition processes such as ligand-receptor interactions, owing to their intense absorption bands in the mid-IR spectral range, which enable their detection at the picomole level with FT-IR spectrometers. New chemical methods for the introduction of cyclopentadienyl iron dicarbonyl fragments into proteins have been developed. Synthesis of a maleimide and of an N-succiminidyl ester and their reactivity with a model protein, namely bovine serum albumin (BSA), are described here. Results show that BSA can be labelled by both reagents at neutral to basic pH, and, as for the maleimide, side-chain selectivity can be tuned as a function of experimental coupling conditions.
Lifelong Augmentation of Multimodal Streaming Autobiographical Memories (2015)

Robot systems that interact with humans over extended periods of time will benefit from storing and recalling large amounts of accumulated sensorimotor and interaction data. We provide a principled framework for the cumulative organization of streaming autobiographical data so that data can be continuously processed and augmented as the processing and reasoning abilities of the agent develop and further interactions with humans take place. As an example, we show how a kinematic structure learning algorithm reasons a-posteriori about the skeleton of a human hand. A partner can be asked to provide feedback about the augmented memories, which can in turn be supplied to the reasoning processes in order to adapt their parameters. We employ active, multimodal remembering, so the robot as well as humans can gain insights of both the original and augmented memories. Our framework is capable of storing discrete and continuous data in real-time. The data can cover multiple modalities and several layers of abstraction (e.g., from raw sound signals over sentences to extracted meanings). We show a typical interaction with a human partner using an iCub humanoid robot. The framework is implemented in a platform-independent manner. In particular, we validate its multi platform capabilities using the iCub, Baxter and NAO robots. We also provide an interface to cloud based services, which allow automatic annotation of episodes. Our framework is geared towards the developmental robotics community, as it: 1) provides a variety of interfaces for other modules; 2) unifies previous works on autobiographical memory; and 3) is licensed as open source software.
Magnetische Nanopartikel: Synthese, Stabilisierung, Funktionalisierung und Anwendung (2007)

Abstract Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt die Synthese, Stabilisierung, Funktionalisierung und Anwendung magnetischer Nanopartikel sowie die magnetischen Eigenschaften nanostrukturierter Systeme. Fortschritte hinsichtlich der Größen‐ und Formkontrolle magnetischer Nanopartikel wurden durch Methoden wie Mitfällung, thermische Zersetzung und/oder Reduktion, micellare Synthesestrategien und Hydrothermalsynthese erzielt. Entscheidend ist immer noch der Schutz gegen Korrosion, weshalb ein Schwerpunkt auf geeignete Schutzstrategien gelegt wird – z. B. Tensid/Polymer‐, Silicat‐ und Kohlenstoff‐Beschichtung magnetischer Nanopartikel sowie ihre Einbettung in eine Matrix oder ein Trägermaterial. Geschützte magnetische Nanopartikel können als Bausteine für verschiedene funktionale Systeme verwendet werden, und ihre Anwendung in Katalyse und Biotechnologie wird ebenfalls kurz diskutiert. Zum Schluss werden einige Trends auf diesen Forschungsgebieten umrissen und Ausblicke auf zukünftige Entwicklungen gegeben.
Selective dissociation and characterization of cells from different regions of multicell tumor spheroids. (1980)

A technique has been developed which takes advantage of the spherical symmetry of EMT6/Ro multicellular tumor spheroids to isolate subpopulations of cells originating from various locations in the spheroid structure. The method involves gently exposing spheroids to a dilute trypsin solution at 18 to 20 degrees in specially designed dishes on a rotary shaker. Under these conditions, cells are released only from the outer spheroid surface; successive trypsin treatments dissociate cells from increasing depths in the spheroid. Measurements of the spheroid diameter and rate of cell dissociation demonstrated the reproducibility of the technique. Observations of histological sections showed that trypsin was active only over a small distance into the spheroid. Characterization of the cells isolated indicated that cell volume, membrane integrity, and clonogenic capacity all decreased for cells located in inner spheroid regions. Autoradiography and DNA content analysis by flow cytometry established that outer region cells were actively proliferating while inner region cells were in a nonproliferative state. There was a significant number of cells arrested with S- and G2-phase DNA contents as well as a large number arrested with a G1 DNA content, similar to recent findings for nonproliferating cells in tumors.
Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants for their anti‐enteric potential against multi‐drug resistant <i>Salmonella typhi</i> (2004)

Screening was done of some plants of importance in the Ayurvedic system of traditional medicine used in India to treat enteric diseases. Fifty four plant extracts (methanol and aqueous) were assayed for their activity against multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi. Strong antibacterial activity was shown by the methanol extracts of Aegle marmelos, Salmalia malabarica, Punica granatum, Myristica fragrans, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Terminalia arjuna and Triphal (mixture of Emblica of fi cinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia belerica). Moderate antimicrobial activity was shown by Picorhiza kurroa, Acacia catechu, Acacia nilotica, Cichorium intybus, Embelia ribes, Solanum nigrum, Carum copticum, Apium graveolens, Ocimum sanctum, Peucedanum graveolens and Butea monosperma.
Recombinants between Deformed wing virus and Varroa destructor virus-1 may prevail in Varroa destructor-infested honeybee colonies (2010)

We have used high-throughput Illumina sequencing to identify novel recombinants between Deformed wing virus (DWV) and Varroa destructor virus-1 (VDV-1), which accumulate to higher levels than DWV in both honeybees and Varroa destructor mites. The recombinants, VDV-1(VVD) and VDV-1(DVD), exhibit crossovers between the 5'-UTR and the regions encoding the structural (capsid) and non-structural viral proteins. This implies that the genomes are modular and that each region may evolve independently, as demonstrated in human enteroviruses. Individual honeybee pupae were infected with a mixture of observed recombinants and DWV. A strong correlation was observed between VDV-1(DVD) levels in honeybee pupae and associated mites, suggesting that this recombinant, with a DWV-derived 5'-UTR and non-structural protein region flanking a VDV-1-derived capsid-encoding region, is better adapted to transmission between V. destructor and honeybees than the parental DWV or a recombinant bearing the VDV-1-derived 5'-UTR (VDV-1(VVD)).
Phenotypic Switch in Blood: Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines on Breast Cancer Cell Aggregation and Adhesion (2013)

Hematogeneous metastasis can occur via a cascade of circulating tumor cell adhesion events to the endothelial lining of the vasculature, i.e. the metastatic cascade. Interestingly, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, which play an important role in potentiating the inflammatory cascade, are significantly elevated in metastatic breast cancer (BCa) patients. Despite their high metastatic potential, human breast carcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 lack interactions with E-selectin functionalized surfaces under physiological shear stresses. We hypothesized that human plasma, 3-D tumor spheroid culture, and cytokine-supplemented culture media could induce a phenotypic switch that allows BCa cells to interact with E-selectin coated surfaces under physiological flow. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence imaging, and flow-based cell adhesion assay were utilized to investigate the phenotypic changes of MDA-MB-231 cells with various treatments. Our results indicate that plasma, IL-6, and TNF-α promote breast cancer cell growth as aggregates and induce adhesive recruitment of BCa cells on E-selectin coated surfaces under flow. 3-D tumor spheroid culture exhibits the most significant increases in the interactions between BCa and E-selectin coated surfaces by upregulating CD44V4 and sLe(x) expression. Furthermore, we show that IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in blood may regulate the recruitment of BCa cells to the inflamed endothelium. Finally, we propose a mechanism that could explain the invasiveness of 'triple-negative' breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 via a positive feedback loop of IL-6 secretion and maintenance. Taken together, our results suggest that therapeutic approaches targeting cytokine receptors and adhesion molecules on cancer cells may potentially reduce metastatic load and improve current cancer treatments.