gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanomechanical Systems from 2D Materials (2014)

The isolation of graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon atoms, leads to the exploration of a group of new materials - 2 dimensional (2D) crystals, which have unique properties in mechanical, electrical and optical fields. This thesis demonstrates our work on the development of nanomechanical systems from 2D materials (graphene and MoS2) and using them for the study of material properties.\nAt first, we developed large arrays of 3-terminal graphene NEMS switches with a novel design, which help the devices to achieve low actuation voltages (down to ~3V), improved reliability and mechanical integrity. These switches may find applications in mechanical computing, data storage, and RF communication, and the design can be used for other 2D materials based NEMS switches. We also studied the electromechanical properties of the devices. A study of the threshold switching voltages is carried out, and the switching voltage is simulated with a finite element model which includes nonlinear mechanics. From this we deduce a scaling relation between the switching voltage and device dimensions.\nNext, we present a unique nanomechanical configuration that allows us to determine the interfacial forces between graphene and Au/SiO2. The nature of the interfacial forces at ~ 10 - 20 nm separations is consistent with an inverse fourth power distance dependence, implying that the interfacial forces are dominated by van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, the strength of the interactions is found to increase linearly with the number of graphene layers. The experimental approach can be used to measure the strength of the interfacial forces for other atomically thin two-dimensional materials, and help guide the development of nanomechanical devices such as switches, resonators, and sensors.\nFinally, we show the modulation of electronic band structure in monolayer suspended MoS2 membranes with local biaxial strain at the center of a spherical blister. We observed a linear direct band gap (A peak) decrease rate of ~100 meV/% strain in monolayer MoS2. Future work includes biaxial strain engineering on bilayer and trilayer MoS2.
Marine algae and land plants share conserved phytochrome signaling systems (2014)

Phytochrome photosensors control a vast gene network in streptophyte plants, acting as master regulators of diverse growth and developmental processes throughout the life cycle. In contrast with their absence in known chlorophyte algal genomes and most sequenced prasinophyte algal genomes, a phytochrome is found in Micromonas pusilla, a widely distributed marine picoprasinophyte (<2 µm cell diameter). Together with phytochromes identified from other prasinophyte lineages, we establish that prasinophyte and streptophyte phytochromes share core light-input and signaling-output domain architectures except for the loss of C-terminal response regulator receiver domains in the streptophyte phytochrome lineage. Phylogenetic reconstructions robustly support the presence of phytochrome in the common progenitor of green algae and land plants. These analyses reveal a monophyletic clade containing streptophyte, prasinophyte, cryptophyte, and glaucophyte phytochromes implying an origin in the eukaryotic ancestor of the Archaeplastida. Transcriptomic measurements reveal diurnal regulation of phytochrome and bilin chromophore biosynthetic genes in Micromonas. Expression of these genes precedes both light-mediated phytochrome redistribution from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and increased expression of photosynthesis-associated genes. Prasinophyte phytochromes perceive wavelengths of light transmitted farther through seawater than the red/far-red light sensed by land plant phytochromes. Prasinophyte phytochromes also retain light-regulated histidine kinase activity lost in the streptophyte phytochrome lineage. Our studies demonstrate that light-mediated nuclear translocation of phytochrome predates the emergence of land plants and likely represents a widespread signaling mechanism in unicellular algae.
Power allocation and control for multicarrier systems with soft decoding (1999)

We consider the application of multicarrier modulation in a wireless cellular network in order to enable high-data rate communication and alleviate the multipath induced intersymbol interference (ISI). In this scenario, power control becomes crucial in enhancing the spectral and power efficiency. A conventional approach of maintaining the same link quality for all the subchannels, in other words, disregarding any possible post-demodulation processing, is considered first. This approach appears to have increasing power consumption as the number of subchannels increases. It also deteriorates the power control stability and convergence properties in a multicell network. We attribute this phenomenon to lack of frequency diversity exploitation, and thus, we propose to use channel coding and soft decoding as vehicles to profit from the (frequency) diversity advantage in addition to the coding advantage. Based on the soft decoding performance bound, a power allocation and control algorithm is proposed. It is shown through simulations that the proposed algorithm improves the power efficiency as the number of subchannels increases. It also provides a better convergence property and is able to "detect" and eliminate ill-conditioned subchannels. The advantages of using multicarrier modulation are thus reassured. Besides these enhancements, the proposed algorithm is simple and feasible in that it consists of only the traditional closed-loop power control algorithm and a target signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) reassignment at the receiver. Detailed channel information feedback from receiver to transmitter is not required.
Perforated Hollow-Core Waveguide Devices for Atomic Spectroscopy with Alkali Vapor (2016)

A novel design for hollow-core waveguide devices suitable for atomic spectroscopy is presented. Distributed vapor delivery via etched holes overcomes alkali vapor transport challenges, resulting in strong light absorption in rubidium with excellent environmental stability.
A tool for video content understanding on mobile smartphones (2008)

Web-accessible video sites - such as YouTube - currently comprise several of the most trafficked sites in the world. Mobile smartphone penetration is also at an all-time high, as is user-appetite for innovative mobile services. This paper anticipates the desire for video content understanding on mobile smartphones by on-the-go users. The implemented tool provides an innovative, compact, visual way for users to use their smartphone to understand the content of a video of interest before download, and the approach goes beyond the prevalent VCR-like controls and static keyframes of today. With a large e-commerce ecosystem evolving around mobile video, this work is extremely topical. We present our early design and implementation details and show how to support deeper mobile video-understanding than the current limited state of the art.
Internet Traffic Classification by Aggregating Correlated Naive Bayes Predictions (2012)

This paper presents a novel traffic classification scheme to improve classification performance when few training data are available. In the proposed scheme, traffic flows are described using the discretized statistical features and flow correlation information is modeled by bag-of-flow (BoF). We solve the BoF-based traffic classification in a classifier combination framework and theoretically analyze the performance benefit. Furthermore, a new BoF-based traffic classification method is proposed to aggregate the naive Bayes (NB) predictions of the correlated flows. We also present an analysis on prediction error sensitivity of the aggregation strategies. Finally, a large number of experiments are carried out on two large-scale real-world traffic datasets to evaluate the proposed scheme. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve much better classification performance than existing state-of-the-art traffic classification methods.
Monte Carlo Studies of Ternary Semiconductor Alloys: Application to the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ge</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>System (1995)

The structural properties of Si-Ge-C alloys are studied using Monte Carlo simulations. The large size mismatch among the constituents is overcome by introducing atom-identity switches accompanied with neighbor-atom relaxations. A repulsive interaction between carbon atoms is found, so no clustering is observed. No formation of Ge-C bonds is foreseen. The lattice structural parameters show strong deviations from linear behavior.
Phosphorylation of pp62 and pp54 src-like proteins in a rat intestinal cell line in response to gastrin (1994)

Intracellular mechanisms that mediate mitogenic effects of gastrin remain largely unknown. The present studies were designed to examine if protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) mediate growth effects of gastrin on a rat intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6 cells). Gastrin (< 10 nM) was mitogenic for IEC-6 cells. PTK activity of cell membranes was stimulated in response to 0.01-10.0 nM and 0.05-10.0 microM gastrin in a double biphasic manner. Cells labeled with H3(32)PO4 were stimulated with gastrin and cellular proteins immunoprecipitated with phosphotyrosine antibodies. Endogenous proteins were phosphorylated in a dose- (100% effective dose = 0.1-1.0 nM) and time-dependent manner; at > 10 nM gastrin, the second peak of response was not measured in intact cells. Thus the growth and phosphorylation response of intact cells to gastrin was similar. Both high [dissociation constant (Kd) = 1 nM]- and low (Kd = approximately 0.1 microM)-affinity gastrin binding sites are present on IEC-6 cells. The results of the present study suggest that occupancy of both high- and low-affinity gastrin-binding sites can potentially activate membrane-associated PTKs. However, in intact cells, occupancy of low-affinity sites apparently attenuates kinase activity resulting in reduced protein phosphorylation. Eight protein bands [with relative molecular weight (M(r)) of 32-145 kDa] were tyrosine phosphorylated in intact cells in response to 0.1-1.0 nM gastrin, including two pp60 src-like proteins (with M(r) of 54 and 62 kDa). Thus the growth response pattern of a target cell to gastrin may depend on the stimulation of kinases and other factors (phosphatases?) that phosphorylate and/or dephosphorylate several proteins including c-src-like proteins in a dose-dependent manner.
A PDM-Based Digital Driving Technique Using Delta-Sigma ($\Delta \Sigma $) Modulation for QVGA Full-Color AMOLED Display Applications (2010)

We propose a digital driving technique using pulse-density modulation (PDM) for an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) to effectively suppress the false image contour in conventional pulsewidth modulation (PWM) while achieving considerably low operating frequency. A compact first-order digital ΔΣ modulator provides the PDM signal to the panel. A 2.2-inch QVGA AMOLED system using the proposed technique shows no false image contour problem while allowing relaxed minimum gate scan time.
The calcium and magnesium binding sites on cardiac troponin and their role in the regulation of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase. (1980)

The cardiac troponin (Tn) complex, consisting of a Ca2+-binding subunit (TnC), an inhibitory subunit (TnI), and a tropomyosin-binding subunit (TnT), has been reconstituted from purified troponin subunits isolated from bovine heart muscle.The Ca2+-binding properties of cardiac Tn were determined by equilibrium dialysis using either EGTA or EDTA to regulate the free Ca2+ concentration.Cardiac Tn binds 3 mol Ca2'/ mol and contains two Ca2+-binding sites with a binding constant of 3 X 10' "' and one binding site with a binding constant of 2 X 10' M-'.In the presence of 4 m~ MgC12, the binding constant of the sites of higher a nity is reduced to 2 X lo7 "', while Ca2+ binding to the site at the lower affinity is unaffected.The two high affinity Ca2+-binding sites of cardiac Tn are analogous to the two Ca2+-Mg2+ sites of skeletal Tn, while the single low affinity site is similar to the two Ca2+-specific sites of skeletal Tn (Potter, J. D., and Gergely, J. (1975)
Hardware/software fault tolerance with multiple task modular redundancy (2002)

N-modular redundancy (NMR) and N-version programming (NVP) are two popular fault tolerance techniques in which hardware and software redundancy is exploited to mask faults. Redundant hardware is used to improve fault tolerance rather than throughput. We introduce a scheme for combined hardware-software fault tolerance derived from NMR and NVP that shows how redundancy can also be used to improve throughput by grouping the execution of several tasks. Our scheme uses a dynamic task allocation algorithm with an optimistic execution policy where the number of task executions is kept close to the minimum required to produce fault-free results. For equivalent hardware and software resources, the proposed method is 50% to 100% more efficient in terms of throughput and latency.
Current issues in neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis and implications of the CF gene discovery (1991)

Many questions remain regarding the efficacy, toxicity, and costs of CF neonatal screening. It would be premature, in our opinion, to implement mass population screening of newborns for CF until the benefits and risks have been fully defined, and an adequate and logistically feasible testing system developed and/or highly effective therapy for CF lung disease becomes available. In addition, the ethical issues described herein need to be resolved. This pertains not only to the CF patient but also the heterozygote carrier. These reservations notwithstanding, the discovery of the CF gene should have a favorable impact both directly and indirectly on neonatal screening for the disease. Mutation analysis coupled to IRT testing seems most attractive at this time, at least on a research basis, but primary molecular diagnostic procedures might supervene in the future, particularly if they are financially feasible.
Tone mapping for high dynamic range images (2006)

Tone mapping is an essential step for the reproduction of "nice looking" images. It provides the mapping between the luminances of the original scene to the output device's display values. When the dynamic range of the captured scene is smaller or larger than that of the display device, tone mapping expands or compresses the luminance ratios. We address the problem of tone mapping high dynamic range (HDR) images to standard displays (CRT, LCD) and to HDR displays. With standard displays, the dynamic range of the captured HDR scene must be compressed significantly, which can induce a loss of contrast resulting in a loss of detail visibility. Local tone mapping operators can be used in addition to the global compression to increase the local contrast and thus improve detail visibility, but this tends to create artifacts. We developed a local tone mapping method that solves the problems generally encountered by local tone mapping algorithms. Namely, it does not create halo artifacts, nor graying-out of low contrast areas, and provides good color rendition. We then investigated specifically the rendition of color and confirmed that local tone mapping algorithms must be applied to the luminance channel only. We showed that the correlation between luminance and chrominance plays a role in the appearance of the final image but a perfect decorrelation is not necessary. Recently developed HDR monitors enable the display of HDR images with hardly any compression of their dynamic range. The arrival of these displays on the market create the need for new tone mapping algorithms. In particular, legacy images that were mapped to SDR displays must be re-rendered to HDR displays, taking best advantage of the increase in dynamic range. This operation can be seen as the reverse of the tone mapping to SDR. We propose a piecewise linear tone scale function that enhances the brightness of specular highlights so that the sensation of naturalness is improved. Our tone scale algorithm is based on the segmentation of the image into its diffuse and specular components as well as on the range of display luminance that is allocated to the specular component and the diffuse component, respectively. We performed a psychovisual experiment to validate the benefit of our tone scale. The results showed that, with HDR displays, allocating more luminance range to the specular component than what was allocated in the image rendered to SDR displays provides more natural looking images.
Decision Support System for Large-Scale Hydropower System Operations (2010)

China’s gross installed hydropower generating capacity has surged 500% since 1980 and exceeded 100 GW in 2004, making up one quarter of gross installed electric power capacity and providing about e 20 percent of the country’s total electric power. China’s hydropower system, after nearly 20 years development, has formed a trans-basin, large-scale hydropower stations operation system, with complex scheduling relations and requiring a variety of methods and techniques to solve. One of the biggest challenges facing power grids of China today is how to construct a large scale operation hydropower system which is scientific, efficient, convenient, and available for practical system. The paper is a summary of the outcome of the decision support system for large-scale hydropower system operations oriented to provincial or municipal power grids. The background, objectives, challenges and contents of the decision support system are presented. The main focus is on the key technologies to the system, the design of the flowchart and its core components. The current system has been applied to the hydropower systems in the South China Grid Company, the East China Grid Company, the Fujian Province Power Grid, the Yunnan Province Power Grid and the Guizhou Province Power Grid, where the total of hydropower installed generation capacity has exceeded 30 GW at the end of 2009 and a total of 1500 hydropower stations. Some techniques are also beneficial for other systems.
Efficacy and Safety of Ixekizumab in the Treatment of Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: Sixteen‐Week Results From a Phase <scp>III</scp> Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial in Patients With Prior Inadequate Response to or Intolerance of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors (2018)

Ixekizumab treatment for 16 weeks in patients with active radiographic axial SpA and previous inadequate response to or intolerance of 1 or 2 TNFi yields rapid and significant improvements in the signs and symptoms of radiographic axial SpA versus placebo.
Abnormal Combustion Induced by Combustion Chamber Deposits Derived from Engine Oil Additives in a Spark-Ignited Engine (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Although metallic compounds are widely known to affect combustion in internal combustion engines, the potential of metallic additives in engine oils to initiate abnormal combustion has been unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of combustion chamber deposits derived from engine oil additives on combustion in a spark-ignited engine. We used a single-cylinder four-stroke engine, and measured several combustion characteristics (e.g., cylinder pressure, in-cylinder ultraviolet absorbance in the end-gas region, and visualized flame propagation) to evaluate combustion anomalies. To clarify the effects of individual additive components, we formed combustion products of individual additives in a combustion chamber prior to measuring combustion characteristics. We tested three types of metallic additives: a calcium-based detergent, a zinc-based antiwear agent, and a molybdenum-based friction modifier. Measurements of combustion characteristics after deposit formation revealed that the deposits derived from the calcium and zinc compounds facilitated auto-ignition and increased knock intensity. However, the deposits from molybdenum compounds showed no significant impact on auto-ignition. Our results showed that the chemical composition of combustion chamber deposits has specific effects relating to abnormal combustion in spark-ignited engines.</div></div>
A Review of Denoising Medical Images Using Machine Learning Approaches (2017)

The problem faced by the researchers during image denoising techniques and machine learning applications for clinical settings have also been discussed.
Construction of information database with tool compensation histories for the tool design of a pillar part (2012)

본 논문에서는 차량용 센터필러 부품의 성형공정에서 발생하는 스프링백 문제를 해결하기 위한 일환으로 기존 부품의 금형보정이력 정보를 체계적으로 데이터베이스화하였다. 기존 부품의 경우 과도한 스프링백 발생에 의한 형상정밀도 불량을 해결하기 위하여 3차의 금형 보정을 현장기술자의 작업에 의하여 수행하였으나, 보정값이 정량화되어 있지 못한 문제가 있었다. 본 논문에서는 기존 금형 보정과정의 결과를 유한요소해석을 통하여 정량적으로 분석하고 보정이 의도대로 이루어졌는지를 평가하는 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 구축된 데이터베이스 정보를 활용하여 유사부품의 금형설계에 활용하였으며, 결과적으로 보정횟수를 감소시키고도 제품을 성공적으로 성형할 수 있었다. Database for the information of the shape accuracy is constructed with the finite element stamping analysis of the center pillar member. Analyses are carried out in order to investigate the effect of tool compensation on the product quality previously performed by an expert in the press shop. The compensation procedure is provided with three sequences for improving shape accuracy of the member by reducing the amount of springback. The analysis result shows that shape inaccuracy in the product is caused by sagging and twisting phenomena from displacement of the section part due to excessive amount of springback. From the database with springback analyses, design modification guidelines are proposed for improving the shape accuracy. The guideline is directly applied to a member with the similar shape and the sound product is obtained successfully reducing the amount of springback.
Sleep-waking pattern and body temperature in hypoxia at selected ambient temperatures (1984)

We studied the effect of mild hypoxia (15% O2) and low ambient temperature (Ta = 15 degrees C) on the rat's sleep-waking pattern (SWP) and maximum-minimum core temperature (max-min Tb). Mild hypoxia at neutral Ta (29 degrees C) disrupted the SWP in the same way as low Ta during normoxia: both affected the pattern of frequency of state changes (P less than 0.01), not the pattern of epoch durations. Mild hypoxia and low Ta together caused a degree of disruption of the SWP which was the sum of each alone, i.e., additive. Although both mild hypoxia and low Ta significantly depressed max-min Tb, low Ta exerted a greater effect than mild hypoxia. Together they further depressed max-min Tb in an additive way. We conclude that mild hypoxia disrupts the rat's SWP independent of central thermoregulatory mechanisms at neutral Ta, that the effects of mild hypoxia and low Ta on the SWP are additive at the stimulus levels used, and that Ta, not inspired O2, determines Tb.