gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of voltage‐gated cationic channels in rat embryonic hypothalamic neurones and C1300 neuroblastoma cells by triphenylethylene antioestrogens (1998)

The effect of the non-steroidal antioestrogens tamoxifen and toremifene on voltage-gated cationic currents was examined in primary cultures of rat hypothalamic neurones and the C1300 mouse neuroblastoma cell line using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. When applied to the external bathing solution both tamoxifen and toremifene were able to inhibit TTX-sensitive sodium currents with IC50 values of 1-2 microM and delayed rectifier type potassium currents (IC50, 2-3 microM). However, only toremifene showed a significant inhibition of the I(A) current (IC50 3 microM). Inhibition of voltage-gated cationic currents was significantly impaired when tamoxifen was applied in a serum-containing solution. The steroidal antioestrogen ICI 182,780 did not inhibit any of the currents at 10 microM.
The formulation of flurbiprofen loaded microspheres using hydroxypropylmethycellulose and ethylcellulose. (2013)

This study demonstrated the potential of polymer combinations in the formulation of microspheres for water-insoluble drugs utilizing HPMC and EC as release retardant materials, using a simple solvent evaporation microencapsulation technique. It was observed that various physico-chemical properties of the microspheres varied according to the change in polymer concentrations used in the formulations.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Enhances Transduction, Distribution, and Axonal Transport of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Vector in Rat Brain (2004)

The ubiquitous expression of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a binding receptor for adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2), may account for the broad host range of this vector. Because the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 1 has been postulated to be a coreceptor for successful AAV-2 entry into host cells, we designed a strategy to investigate whether coadministration of this virus with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can enhance AAV-2-mediated gene delivery. We injected AAV-2-thymidine kinase (AAV-2-TK) vector into rat striata and checked whether coinjection with bFGF enhanced transduction and/or enlarged the area of transgene expression. Immunostaining confirmed the tropism of AAV-2-TK for neurons. The previous injection (7 days before vector delivery) of bFGF had no major impact on vector distribution area. However, when the vector was coinjected with bFGF, the right striatum showed an average viral transduction volume of 5 mm(3), which was more than 4-fold larger when compared with the left side (AAV-2-TK plus phosphate-buffered saline). This result clearly indicates that simultaneous injection of bFGF with AAV-2-TK can greatly enhance the volume of transduced tissue, probably by way of a competitive block of AAV-2-binding sites within the striatum. Robust TK immunoreactivity was also observed in the globus pallidus, which receives anterograde projections from the striatum. We propose that postsynaptic transport of recombinant particles was likely responsible for the distribution of TK in the globus pallidus on both bFGF-treated and untreated sides. In summary, we found that bFGF acts as an adjuvant for distribution of AAV-2 in rat brain.
Virtual instrumentation for the management, simulation and control of an in house power plant (2002)

We analyzed a co-generation plant (electric energy and steam) attached to an oil refinery. This co-generation plant is simulated by means of graphical programming. The resulting model allows the implementation of various system plant configurations. Through the analysis of these simulations, we can obtain useful informations concerning plant management from both a technical and economic viewpoint.
A new approach to high fidelity <i>e</i>-beam and ion-beam lithography based on an <i>i</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i> global-fiducial grid (1991)

The distortion-free scan field of an electron-beam or ion-beam lithography system is generally quite small (∼104×104 beam addresses) and hence to achieve pattern fidelity over large areas laser-interferometer-controlled stages are employed. Because the laser interferometer monitors the stage, not the electron or ion beam, beam drift of thermal, mechanical, electrostatic, magnetic, or electronic origin is not accounted for, leading to pattern placement error. To overcome this fundamental problem of ‘‘dead reckoning’’ we propose a new approach in which a global-fiducial reference grid, which does not disturb the writing process, is put directly on the substrate. The grid is scanned with sufficiently low areal dose that the subsequent pattern development is not adversely affected. This can be achieved by ‘‘sparse sampling’’ of the grid over the entire scan field in conjunction with phase-locking technqiues in the time domain. In this way one can spatially phase lock the two grids together and thereby ensure pattern placement accuracy. The pattern of interest is then written within the scan field. This method assumes that no drift occurs during the writing of the single field. However, it may also be feasible to do some drift monitoring during the field writing. We consider secondary electrons to be the optimal signal for ‘‘seeing’’ the grid. In addition to providing enhanced pattern integrity (and hence better overlay in 1-to-1 masks), lithography systems based on an in situ global-fiducial grid may prove to be of lower cost than conventional systems since the difficult task of ensuring pattern integrity is thrust upon a computer rather than an advanced electromechanical system.
Design of quantum well AlGaAs-GaAs stripe lasers for minimization of threshold current-application to ridge structures (1988)

The gain saturation effect and the various leakage currents related to a strip structure (spreading current, lateral diffusion current, optical cavity recombination current, and Auger recombination current) are considered. The minimum threshold current (3.3 mA) is obtained with a multiquantum-well (MQW) structure (5*80 AA) at a cavity length of 80 mu m. At these values, the lateral leakage current (spreading and lateral diffusion currents) represents about 50% of the threshold current. It is shown that for short-cavity lasers, the MQW is preferred to the SQW (single-quantum-well) structure. However, the well number in the active layer of a ridge structure is limited by the decrease of the parallel confinement and the increase of the lateral leakage current. Finally, good agreement was obtained in comparing the calculations with experimental results for GRINSCH (graded-index separate-confinement heterojunction) SQW lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ethnic and geographical differences in systemic lupus erythematosus: an overview (2006)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most heterogeneous autoimmune disorders known. There is production of a variety of autoantibodies and patients present with a wide range of symptoms due to multiple organ involvement by the disease process. The underlying cause is not fully understood but it may involve genetic and environmental factors. It is interesting to note that while SLE is found worldwide, it is more commonly found in some countries, and within a country certain ethnic groups appear to be more susceptible to develop this condition than others. Additionally, the presentation and course of SLE appear highly variable between patients of different ethnic origins. For example, African-Americans and Orientals are believed to have a more severe disease than Caucasian whites. But are these ethnic and geographical differences real? If yes, they may provide investigators insight into the underlying pathoaetiology of this condition and pave the way to future research directions in lupus.
Leucine aminopeptidase: bestatin inhibition and a model for enzyme-catalyzed peptide hydrolysis. (1991)

The three-dimensional structures of native bovine lens leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) and its complex with bestatin, a slow-binding inhibitor, have been solved and exhaustively refined. The mode of binding of bestatin to leucine aminopeptidase may be similar to that of a tetrahedral intermediate that is thought to form during peptide bond hydrolysis. Bestatin binds in the active site with its alpha-amino group and hydroxyl group coordinated to the zinc ion located in the readily exchangeable divalent cation binding site. Its phenylalanyl side chain is stabilized by van der Waals interactions with Met-270, Thr-359, Gly-362, Ala-451, and Met-454, which appear to form a terminal hydrophobic pocket. The leucyl side chain binds in another hydrophobic cleft lined by Asn-330, Ala-333, and Ile-421. Hydrogen bonds involving active site residues Lys-262, Asp-273, Gly-360, and Leu-362 are responsible for stabilizing the backbone nitrogen and oxygen atoms of bestatin. The mode of bestatin inhibition of leucine aminopeptidase is discussed and correlated with biochemical studies of bestatin analogues. In addition, features of a mechanism of catalysis of peptide hydrolysis by leucine aminopeptidase are discussed.
Multi-Resolution Multicasting Over the Grassmann and Stiefel Manifolds (2017)

We consider the design of space-time codes for the multiple-input multiple-output multicast communication systems with two classes of receivers. The first class comprises high-resolution (HR) receivers which have access to reliable channel state information (CSI) and can perform coherent detection, and the second class comprises low-resolution (LR) receivers which do not have access to CSI and can only perform non-coherent detection. We propose a layered encoding structure in which LR information available to both classes of receivers is encoded using Grassmannian constellations, and an incremental component, which is available only to the HR receivers, is encoded in the particular bases of the transmitted Grassmannian constellation points, thereby giving rise to constellations on the Stiefel manifold. The proposed structure enables reliable coherent communication of the HR information without compromising the reliability with which the basic LR information is non-coherently communicated. To effect rate-efficient communication of the incremental, HR layer, we use optimization methods on the Stiefel manifold to develop a novel technique for designing the unitary constellations directly. This approach alleviates the restriction imposed by the traditional techniques in which unitary space-time codes are constructed from scalar constellations. As such, this approach enables better control of the distance spectrum of the developed constellations and more effective utilization of the degrees of freedom that underlie the Stiefel manifold. For the LR receivers, we use maximum likelihood detection, whereas for the HR receivers, we develop a computationally-efficient two-step sequential detector which detects the LR information prior to detecting the incremental component superimposed on it. The detectors and the layered structure with the aforementioned constellations enable full diversity and maximum degrees of freedom to be achieved on the Grassmann and Stiefel manifolds.
Proton translocation by transhydrogenase (2003)

Transhydrogenase, in animal mitochondria and bacteria, couples hydride transfer between NADH and NADP(+) to proton translocation across a membrane. Within the protein, the redox reaction occurs at some distance from the proton translocation pathway and coupling is achieved through conformational changes. In an 'open' conformation of transhydrogenase, in which substrate nucleotides bind and product nucleotides dissociate, the dihydronicotinamide and nicotinamide rings are held apart to block hydride transfer; in an 'occluded' conformation, they are moved into apposition to permit the redox chemistry. In the two monomers of transhydrogenase, there is a reciprocating, out-of-phase alternation of these conformations during turnover.
Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-induced signals mediating aldosterone production (2016)

Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal zona glomerulosa, enhances sodium retention, thus increasing blood volume and pressure. Excessive production of aldosterone results in high blood pressure and contributes to cardiovascular and renal disease, stroke and visual loss. Hypertension is also associated with obesity, which is correlated with other serious health risks as well. Although weight gain is associated with increased blood pressure, the mechanism by which excess fat deposits increase blood pressure remains unclear. Several studies have suggested that aldosterone levels are elevated with obesity and may represent a link between obesity and hypertension. In addition to hypertension, obese patients typically have dyslipidemia, including elevated serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDL, which functions to transport triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues, has been demonstrated to stimulate aldosterone production. Recent studies suggest that the signaling pathways activated by VLDL are similar to those utilized by AngII. Thus, VLDL increases cytosolic calcium levels and stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity to result in the induction of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression. These effects seem to be mediated by the ability of VLDL to increase the phosphorylation (activation) of their regulatory transcription factors, such as the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein family of transcription factors. Thus, research into the pathways by which VLDL stimulates aldosterone production may identify novel targets for the development of therapies for the treatment of hypertension, particularly those associated with obesity, and other aldosterone-modulated pathologies.
Why Do Gels Reduce Water Permeability More Than Oil Permeability? (1995)

Summary A capacity to reduce water permeability much more than oil permeability is critical to the success of gel treatments in production wells if zones cannot be isolated during gel placement. Although several researchers have reported polymers and gels that provide this disproportionate permeability reduction, the explanation for the phenomenon was unclear. In this paper, we examine several possible explanations for why some gels reduce water permeability more than oil permeability. Our experimental results indicate the disproportionate permeability reduction is not caused by gravity or lubrication effects. Results also indicate that gel shrinking and swelling are unlikely to be responsible for the phenomenon. Although wettability may play a role in the disproportionate permeability reduction, it does not appear to be the root cause for water permeability being reduced more than oil permeability. Results from an experiment with an oil-based gel suggest that segregation of oil and water pathways through a porous medium (on a microscopic scale) may play the dominant role in the disproportionate permeability reduction. However, additional work will be required to verify this concept.
The dynamic testing of a collision tolerant pile structure (2002)

The Collision Tolerant Pile Structure has been under development by the University of New Hampshire and U.S. Coast Guard for ten years. The structure is designed to take the place of standard wooden piles used by the U.S. Coast Guard to mark navigational hazards in narrow ship channels. The CTPS consists of a steel pile that is connected to an omnidirectional hinge at the mudline. This design allows the structure to survive collisions with ships or barges where wooden piles would otherwise fail. Two prototypes deployed in the Houston Ship Channel have survived numerous collisions to date. A third prototype installed at Portsmouth, NH is presently being monitored to determine the fatigue design life. The CTPS is outfitted with an ENDECO/YSI data acquisition field station. This system handles inputs from several meteorological sensors and a pressure sensor in order to obtain continual real time data. Data acquired includes wind speed and direction, air temperature, wave height, and two angles of tilt. This data is acquired and temporarily archived on site. Two way, packet radio communication between the field station and a base station PC located on shore enables adjustment of study patterns and sensor selection. Software running on the base station's PC calls for the field station's data routinely alloying it to be transmitted to the base station packet receiver and archived on the PC. Data is subsequently transferred to UNH or any other location using remote control communications software and a phone line. This software enables the user to remotely control the base station's PC and also allows one to download the data archived there. Sample rates and sensor selection can also be accomplished by this link. Data comes in raw form and, is subsequently processed into engineering units. Initial results are being used to correlate CTPS dynamic response to environmental forcing. Subsequent results will yield data adequate for analytical model verification and stress analysis.
Recycling and Catalytic Approaches for the Development of a Rare-Metal-Free Synthetic Method Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagent (2010)

Oxidation reactions consist of a number of important transformations in organic synthesis. However, in spite of their utility in both laboratory- and industrial-scale production, oxidations are among the most problematic processes regarding the factors of safety, environmental friendliness, operational simplicity, etc. As oxidants, hypervalent iodines, such as phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) and phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA), are among promising reagents for developing environmentally benign oxidation reactions due to their low toxicities, mild reactivity, ready availability, high stability, and easy handling. Our research objective is, largely in consideration of economic and environmental viewpoints, to enhance the synthetic values of these reagents as useful alternatives to highly toxic heavy-metal oxidants and even rare transition metals by pioneering their efficient utilization methods and unique reactivities. During this study, we have succeeded in the development of new recyclable reagents 1 and their catalytic utilization, and the design of a new chiral reagent 2 and its application to perform asymmetric oxidations. Accordingly, the recycling and catalytic use of a hypervalent iodine reagent became possible in many representative types of oxidative bond-forming reactions, some of which even include key transformations for natural product synthesis. A summary of these important achievements in hypervalent iodine chemistry are described in this review.
Multi-frame thrashless ray casting with advancing ray-front (1996)

Coherency (data locality) is one of the most important factors that influences the performance of distributed ray tracing systems, especially when object dataflow approach is employed. The enormous cost associated with remote fetches must be reduced to improve the efficiency of the parallel renderer. Objects once fetched should be maximally utilized before replacing them with other objects. In this paper, we describe a parallel volume ray caster that eliminates thrashing by efficiently advancing a rayfront in a front-to-back manner. The method adopts an image-order approach, but capitalizes on the advantages of object-order algorithms as well to almost eliminate the communication overheads. Unlike previous algorithms, we have successfully preserved the thrashless property across a number of incrementally changing screen positions also. The use of efficient data structures and object ordering scheme has enabled complete latency hiding of non-local objects. The sum total of all these result in a scalable parallel volume renderer with the most coherent screen traversal. Comparison with other existing screen traversal schemes delineates the advantages of our approach.
Graft-versus-leukemia in man: relationship of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease to relapse of acute leukemia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (1987)

To study the effect of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on recurrent leukemia, we analysed data on patients with acute leukemia receiving allogeneic marrow transplants in Seattle between 1970 and 1986. Four hundred fifty-four patients survived in remission 150 days after HLA-identical transplant and 114 currently survive five to fifteen years after marrow grafting. At the time of transplant, 252 patients had acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in remission or relapse and 202 had acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission or relapse. According to Kaplan-Meier estimates, recurrence of leukemia following transplantation was observed in 28% of patients developing moderate to severe (grade II-IV) acute GVHD and 48% of patients with no or mild (grade O-I) acute GVHD (p = 0.0028). Relapse was observed in 34% of patients developing clinical extensive chronic GVHD and 45% of patients free of chronic GVHD (p = 0.0001). The incidence of recurrent leukemia was 28% in recipients developing both acute and chronic GVHD and 52% in patients free of both acute and chronic GVHD (p = 0.0001). These data confirm an apparent graft-versus-leukemia effect in patients developing GVHD after allogeneic marrow grafting. Current studies are aimed at determining the influence of such apparent adoptive immunotherapy within the different categories of leukemia and methods to manipulate and augment the clinical benefit of this observation.
Spread spectrum signaling for speech watermarking (2002)

The technique of embedding a digital signal into an audio recording or image using techniques that render the signal imperceptible has received significant attention. Embedding an imperceptible, cryptographically secure signal, or watermark, is seen as a potential mechanism that may be used to prove ownership or detect tampering. While there has been a considerable amount of attention devoted to the techniques of spread-spectrum signaling for use in image and audio watermarking applications, there has only been a limited study for embedding data signals in speech. Speech is an uncharacteristically narrow band signal given the perceptual capabilities of the human hearing system. However, using speech analysis techniques, one may design an effective data signal that can be used to hide an arbitrary message in a speech signal. Also included are experiments demonstrating the subliminal channel capacity of the speech data embedding technique developed here.
Vincent stuckey lean (1905)

Vincent stuckey lean Get access F. W. Read F. W. Read Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s10-III, Issue 54, 7 January 1905, Pages 14–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s10-III.54.14i Published: 07 January 1905