gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A poly(lactide‐<i>co</i>‐glycolide)/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold with enhanced osteoconductivity (2006)

Biodegradable polymer/ceramic scaffolds can overcome the limitations of conventional ceramic bone substitutes. However, the conventional methods of polymer/ceramic scaffold fabrication often use organic solvents, which might be harmful to cells or tissues. Moreover, scaffolds fabricated with the conventional methods have limited ceramic exposure on the scaffold surface since the polymer solution envelopes the ceramic particles during the fabrication process. In this study, we developed a novel fabrication method for the efficient exposure of ceramic onto the scaffold surface, which would enhance the osteoconductivity and wettability of the scaffold. Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/nanohydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) scaffolds were fabricated by the gas foaming and particulate leaching (GF/PL) method without the use of organic solvents. Selective staining of ceramic particles indicated that HA nanoparticles exposed to the scaffold surface were observed more abundantly in the GF/PL scaffold than in the conventional solvent casting and particulate leaching (SC/PL) scaffold. Both types of scaffolds were implanted to critical size defects in rat skulls for 8 weeks. The GF/PL scaffolds exhibited significantly enhanced bone regeneration when compared with the SC/PL scaffolds. Histological analyses and microcomputed tomography of the regenerated tissues showed that bone formation was more extensive on the GF/PL scaffolds than on the SC/PL scaffolds. Compared with the SC/PL scaffolds, the enhanced bone formation on the GF/PL scaffolds may result from the higher exposure of HA nanoparticles to the scaffold surface. These results show that the biodegradable polymer/ceramic composite scaffolds fabricated with the novel GF/PL method can enhance bone regeneration compared with those fabricated with the conventional SC/PL method.
Connective tissue growth factor [CTGF]/CCN2 stimulates mesangial cell migration through integrated dissolution of focal adhesion complexes and activation of cell polarization (2004)

Connective tissue growth factor [CTGF]/CCN2 is a prototypic member of the CCN family of regulatory proteins. CTGF expression is up-regulated in a number of fibrotic diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, where it is believed to act as a downstream mediator of TGF-beta function; however, the exact mechanisms whereby CTGF mediates its effects remain unclear. Here, we describe the role of CTGF in cell migration and actin disassembly in human mesangial cells, a primary target in the development of renal glomerulosclerosis. The addition of CTGF to primary mesangial cells induced cell migration and cytoskeletal rearrangement but had no effect on cell proliferation. Cytoskeletal rearrangement was associated with a loss of focal adhesions, involving tyrosine dephosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin, increased activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, with a concomitant decrease in RhoA and Rac1 activity. Conversely, Cdc42 activity was increased by CTGF. These functional responses were associated with the phosphorylation and translocation of protein kinase C-zeta to the leading edge of migrating cells. Inhibition of CTGF-induced protein kinase C-zeta activity with a myristolated PKC-zeta inhibitor prevented cell migration. Moreover, transient transfection of human mesangial cells with a PKC-zeta kinase inactive mutant (dominant negative) expression vector also led to a decrease in CTGF-induced migration compared with wild-type. Furthermore, CTGF stimulated phosphorylation and activation of GSK-3beta. These data highlight for the first time an integrated mechanism whereby CTGF regulates cell migration through facilitative actin cytoskeleton disassembly, which is mediated by dephosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin, loss of RhoA activity, activation of Cdc42, and phosphorylation of PKC-zeta and GSK-3beta. These changes indicate that the initial stages of CTGF mediated mesangial cell migration are similar to those involved in the process of cell polarization. These findings begin to shed mechanistic light on the renal diabetic milieu, where increased CTGF expression in the glomerulus contributes to cellular dysfunction.
Prognostic and Predictive Value in<i>KRAS</i>in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2016)

KRAS is one of the most common oncogenic driver mutations in NSCLC, with prior attempts at direct inhibition being unsuccessful. In recent years, there has been significant advancement in the understanding of the biology of KRAS and its downstream effectors. This has translated into a multitude of important preclinical studies and clinical trials that are currently underway to find effective therapeutic drugs for KRAS mutant lung cancer. Ultimately, better therapeutics need to be engineered to arrive at RAS-driven precision medicine.
Transcriptional Control of the Mouse α<sub>2</sub>(I) Collagen Gene: Functional Deletion Analysis of the Promoter and Evidence for Cell-Scific Expression (1986)

A chimeric gene was constructed in which sequences between 2,000 base pairs upstream of the start of transcription of the mouse alpha 2(I) collagen gene and 54 base pairs downstream of this site were fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. We present evidence suggesting that this collagen gene segment is sufficient for cell-specific expression of the chimeric gene. Indeed, the levels of CAT activity in transient expression experiments were at least 10 times higher after transfection of NIH 3T3 cells than after transfection of a mouse myeloma cell line, whereas much less difference was found after transfection of these two cell types with pSV2-CAT, a plasmid in which the early simian virus 40 promoter is fused to the CAT gene. Several deletions were introduced in the same 5'-flanking segment of the alpha 2(I) collagen gene, and the effects of these deletions were examined after DNA transfection of the chimeric collagen-CAT gene into NIH 3T3 cells. At least two segments broadly located between -979 and -502 and between -346 and -104 are needed for optimal expression of the chimeric gene. These results were obtained both in transient expression experiments and by analysis of pools of NIH 3T3 cells that were stably transfected with the different mutants. In general, the effects of the deletions on the activity of the alpha 2(I) collagen promoter were analogous, whether the plasmids harbored the simian virus 40 enhancer sequence or not, although the overall levels of expression of the chimeric gene were increased when the recombinant plasmids contained this sequence.
4‐Difluoromethylated Quinoline Synthesis via Intramolecular S<sub>N</sub>2′ Reaction of α‐Trifluoromethylstyrenes Bearing Imine Moieties. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Formation of Nanotubes and Hollow Nanoparticles Based on Kirkendall and Diffusion Processes: A Review (2007)

The Kirkendall effect is a consequence of the different diffusivities of atoms in a diffusion couple causing a supersaturation of lattice vacancies. This supersaturation may lead to a condensation of extra vacancies in the form of so-called "Kirkendall voids" close to the interface. On the macroscopic and micrometer scale these Kirkendall voids are generally considered as a nuisance because they deteriorate the properties of the interface. In contrast, in the nanoworld the Kirkendall effect has been positively used as a new fabrication route to designed hollow nano-objects. In this Review we summarize and discuss the demonstrated examples of hollow nanoparticles and nanotubes induced by the Kirkendall effect. Merits of this route are compared with other general methods for nanotube fabrication. Theories of the kinetics and thermodynamics are also reviewed and evaluated in terms of their relevance to experiments. Moreover, nanotube fabrication by solid-state reactions and non-Kirkendall type diffusion processes are covered.
Improved Design of Outphasing Power Amplifier Combiners (2009)

This paper presents a novel and improved design of signal combiners for highly efficient outphasing power amplifiers. Additional shunt reactances for an output power back off efficiency peaking, as they are required for the standard Chireix combiners, are eliminated. The circuits are based on two transmission lines with different line lengths and allow compact implementations. Analytical design equations are derived and formulas describing the operation of the new combiners are presented. Several design examples are given for combiners equivalent to the standard Chireix and to new circuits and compared with respect to their physical implementation. Design trade offs are discussed.
Production of Dihydroxy C<sub>50</sub>-Carotenoid by<i>Aureobacterium</i>sp. FERM P-18698 (2004)

The dihydroxy C(50)-carotenoid, decaprenoxanthin, was produced by Aureobacterium sp. collected from sea water. The addition of D-psicose to the culture medium improved the growth of cells and the yield of the carotenoid. The (13)C-NMR spectrum of decaprenoxanthin, which has not previously been reported, was successfully measured.
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. (2003)

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia in adults, affects 1 in 25 people over the age of 60 years and 1 in 10 over the age of 80 years.1 There is considerable morbidity, mortality and economic burden associated with AF, all of which will increase with the expanding elderly population. Until recently, pharmacologic therapy with AV nodal blocking agents, antiarrhythmics and anticoagulation were the mainstay of therapy. Although electrical cardioversion is associated with a high immediate success rate, most patients have recurrences of AF with only 23% remaining in sinus rhythm one year after cardioversion.2 Antiarrhythmic agents have been shown to improve sinus maintenance, but these medications have variable success and are associated with many potentially serious side effects. In addition, the recently published AFFIRM trial suggests that a pharmacological rhythm control strategy has no benefit in terms of mortality or morbidity over a rate control and anticoagulation strategy.3 Over the last few years, there has been a great deal of enthusiasm regarding catheter based ablation strategies aimed at curing AF.
Symmetry breaking and semilinear elliptic equations (1990)

It is a readily observable fact that many physical and mathematical systems possess a degree of symmetry and that a study of this symmetry may give us valuable insight into their behaviour. It is particularly interesting that symmetric systems exist which possess non-symmetric solutions and where this solution branch arises from a symmetry breaking bifurcation on a branch of symmetric solutions. In this paper we shall study an example of such a system. Namely we shall study the symmetry breaking bifurcations (henceforth denoted as SBB’s) which occur on the radially symmetric solution branches of the following semilinear elliptic equation.
Expression of Glucosylceramide Synthase, Converting Ceramide to Glucosylceramide, Confers Adriamycin Resistance in Human Breast Cancer Cells (1999)

Multidrug-resistant cancer cells display elevated levels of glucosylceramide (Lavie, Y., Cao, H. T., Volner, A., Lucci, A., Han, T. Y., Geffen, V., Giuliano, A. E., and Cabot, M. C. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 1682-1687). In this study, we have introduced glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) into wild type MCF-7 breast cancer cells using a retroviral tetracycline-on expression system, and we developed a cell line, MCF-7/GCS. MCF-7/GCS cells expressed an 11-fold higher level of GCS activity compared with the parental cell line. Interestingly, the transfected cells demonstrated strong resistance to adriamycin and to ceramide, whereas both agents were highly cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells. The EC50 values of adriamycin and ceramide were 11-fold (p < 0.0005) and 5-fold (p < 0.005) higher, respectively, in MCF-7/GCS cells compared with MCF-7 cells. Ceramide resistance displayed by MCF-7/GCS cells closely paralleled the activity of expressed GCS with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. In turn, cellular resistance and GCS activity were dependent upon the concentration of the expression mediator doxycycline. Adriamycin resistance in MCF-7/GCS cells was related to the hyperglycosylation of ceramide and was not related to shifts in the levels of either P-glycoprotein or Bcl-2. This work demonstrates that overexpression of GCS, which catalyzes ceramide glycosylation, induces resistance to adriamycin and ceramide in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
A Multi-Packet Signature Approach to Passive Operating System Detection (2005)

Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.
An extremely potent inhibitor for β-galactosidase (1995)

A new galactose-type iminosugar in which a nitrogen atom is in the anomeric position was synthesized and was found to be an extremely potent inhibitor for β-galactosidase with Ki = 4 nM.
SSC polymorphisms in interleukin genes (1994)

Journal Article SSC polymorphisms in interleukin genes Get access L. Borish, L. Borish National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences CenterDeriver, CO 80206 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.J. Mascali, J.J. Mascali National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences CenterDeriver, CO 80206 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Klinnert, M. Klinnert National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences CenterDeriver, CO 80206 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Leppert, M. Leppert 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L.J. Rosenwasser L.J. Rosenwasser * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 3, Issue 9, September 1994, Page 1710, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/3.9.1710-a Published: 01 September 1994
Regulation of p53: a collaboration between Mdm2 and MdmX (2012)

p53 plays an important role in the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis and is an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Mdm2 and Mdmx are recognized as the main p53 negative regulators. Although it remains unclear why Mdm2 and Mdmx are both required for p53 degradation, a model has been proposed whereby these two proteins function independent of one another; Mdm2 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes the ubiquitination of p53 for degradation, whereas Mdmx inhibits p53 by binding to and masking the transcriptional activation domain of p53, without causing its degradation. However, Mdm2 and Mdmx have been shown to function collaboratively. In fact, recent studies have pointed to a more important role for an Mdm2/Mdmx co-regulatory mechanism of p53 regulation than previously thought. In this review, we summarize current progress in the field about the functional and physical interaction between Mdm2 and Mdmx, their individual and collaborative roles in controlling p53, and inhibitors that target Mdm2 and Mdmx as a novel class of anticancer therapeutics.
Synthesis and an X-ray Structure of Soluble Phenylacetylene Macrocycles with Two Opposing Bipyridine Donor Sites (2000)

The synthesis of the shape-persistent macrocycles 10 a and 10 b with two bipyridine units in opposing sides by Hagihara/Sonogashira cross-coupling chemistry of suitably functionalized building blocks is reported. X-ray analysis of single crystals of 10 b shows a layered structure with channels filled with solvent molecules and parts of the flexible chains, with which the cycle is decorated for solubility reasons.
Sickle Cell Trait and Osteogenic Sarcoma (1969)

In a sense, the process of diagnosing bone lesions resembles a three-legged stool. Three men—the clinician, the radiologist and the pathologist—must act together to support a diagnosis. If one or two are biased, interpretation may tilt in the wrong direction. This case exemplifies the moral of the metaphor.
Foot-in-Wallet Disease: Tripped Up by “Cost-Saving” Reductions? (2014)

In the U.S., podiatric medical services are considered to be optional under Medicaid statutes, with an underlying assumption that these services are elective and can be performed by other providers. It may have been easily anticipated, therefore, that podiatric services were often included in line-item cuts in a number of state budgets under the recent period of economic austerity. Given this, the current research report used Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) inpatient discharge records spanning 2006–2011 to assess changes in inpatient hospitalizations associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) among adult beneficiaries of Arizona Medicaid (Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System [AHCCCS]) following the October 2009 announcement of coverage cancellation to podiatric physicians intended to reduce costs (i.e., $351,000 saved from the $8.7 billion general fund, SB1003 and HB2003 within the …
Smart Memories (2000)

Trends in VLSI technology scaling demand that future computing devices be narrowly focused to achieve high performance and high efficiency, yet also target the high volumes and low costs of widely applicable general purpose designs. To address these conflicting requirements, we propose a modular reconfigurable architecture called Smart Memories, targeted at computing needs in the 0.1μ technology generation. A Smart Memories chip is made up of many processing tiles, each containing local memory, local interconnect, and a processor core. For efficient computation under a wide class of possible applications, the memories, the wires, and the computational model can all be altered to match the applications. To show the applicability of this design, two very different machines at opposite ends of the architectural spectrum, the Imagine stream processor and the Hydra speculative multiprocessor, are mapped onto the Smart Memories computing substrate. Simulations of the mappings show that the Smart Memories architecture can successfully map these architectures with only modest performance degradation.
Altered p53 status correlates with differences in sensitivity to radiation-induced mutation and apoptosis in two closely related human lymphoblast lines. (1995)

Previous work identified TK6 and WTK1 as human lymphoblast cell lines from one donor that have different capacities to catalyze recombination and that vary significantly in their response to ionizing radiation. WTK1 cells are more resistant to the toxic effects of X-rays yet more sensitive to induced mutation. We demonstrate here that although both cell lines contain equal levels of p53 mRNA, baseline protein levels are 4 times higher in WTK1. Irradiation leads to higher levels of p53 protein in both lines but to a greater extent in TK6. TK6 contains a wild-type p53 sequence, while WTK1 has a homozygous mutation in codon 237 of exon 7. We also observed a significant difference in the kinetics but not the overall degree of apoptosis induced by X-rays in these cells; apoptotic death is delayed for 3 days in WTK1. We hypothesize that this p53 mutation is responsible for the difference in apoptosis as well as for the differences in mutability and mutational spectra reported previously.
Evolution in Structural Polymorphism of Pluronic F127 Poly(ethylene oxide)−Poly(propylene oxide) Block Copolymer in Ternary Systems with Water and Pharmaceutically Acceptable Organic Solvents:  From “Glycols” to “Oils” (2000)

The evolution in the self-assembly of an amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer in ternary systems with water and organic solvents of varying relative polarity is examined. The phase behavior and microstructure of two ternary systems consisting of Pluronic F127 (Poloxamer 407), water, and the pharmaceutically acceptable solvents propylene carbonate (4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one) or triacetin (glycerol triacetate) are presented. The microstructure of the lyotropic liquid crystalline phases formed and their characteristic length scales are determined from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The trends in the SAXS lattice spacing and the interfacial area per block copolymer molecule help establish the location of the solvents in the microstructure. The phase behavior of the two systems studied here is discussed in the context of ternary systems of Pluronic F127 with water and polar solvents ("glycols", e.g., propylene glycol) or apolar organic solvents ("oils", e.g., xylene). Propylene carbonate and triacetin are shown to have intermediate behavior between that of glycols and oils. The block copolymer structural polymorphism is modulated by the solvent preference to locate in different domains of the block copolymer microstructure.
Ultrathin SiO<sub>2</sub> Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition Using Tris(dimethylamino)silane (TDMAS) and Ozone (2013)

Atomic layer deposition of SiO 2 using tris(dimethylamino)silane and ozone were studied comprehensively. It was found that SiO 2 grew linearly at different temperatures while the growth rate increased at higher temperatures. For thickness <3.5 nm, the direct tunneling current of the ALD SiO 2 is comparable to that of thermally grown SiO 2 when considering its equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). ALD could grow high-quality conformal SiO 2 films on non-silicon substrates and on high aspect-ratio pores and nanostructures. The ALD SiO 2 can be used as high-quality gate insulators for thin-film MOS transistors, and insulators for sensor structures and nanostructures on non-silicon substrates.
Phase coding for the resolution of range ambiguities in Doppler weather radar (2002)

This paper deals with the recovery of Doppler velocities in the presence of overlaid echoes in range. Transmitted pulses are phase shifted to tag the echoes from scatterers separated by the unambiguous range. A new systematic phase code and an algorithm for estimating the mean velocities of 1st and 2nd trip signals when they are overlaid are presented. The return samples are phase corrected to cohere the 1st or the 2nd trip signal, leaving the other signal power spread in a deterministic manner across the spectrum. A new algorithm has been developed which enables one to recover the velocity of the weaker signal even when the overlaid power ratio is as large as 40 dB, for spectrum widths 4 m s/sup -1/ or less and an unambiguous velocity of 32 m s/sup -1/. Tests on simulated weather signals indicate that the method can be employed in a Doppler radar to effectively double the unambiguous range without the sacrifice of the unambiguous velocity interval.