gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensorless Detection of Cavitation in Centrifugal Pumps (2006)

Analysis of electrical signatures has been in use for some time for estimating the condition of induction motors, by extracting spectral indicators from motor current waveforms. In most applications, motors are used to drive dynamic loads, such as pumps, fans, and blowers, by means of power transmission devices, such as belts, couplers, gear-boxes. Failure of either the electric motors or the driven loads is associated with operational disruption. The large costs associated with the resulting idle equipment and personnel can often be avoided if the degradation is detected in its early stages prior to reaching failure conditions. Hence the need arises for cost-effective detection schemes not only for assessing the condition of the motor but also of the driven load. This prompts one to consider approaches that use no add-on sensors, in order to avoid any reduction in overall system reliability and increased costs. This paper presents an experimentally demonstrated sensorless approach to detecting varying levels of cavitation in centrifugal pumps. The proposed approach is sensorless in the sense that no mechanical sensors are required on either the pump or the motor driving the pump. Rather, onset of pump cavitation is detected using only the line voltages and phase currents of the electric motor driving the pump. Moreover, most industrial motor switchgear are equipped with potential transformers and current transformers which can be used to measure the motor voltages and currents. The developed fault detection scheme is insensitive to electric power supply and mechanical load variations. Furthermore, it does not require a priori knowledge of a motor or pump model or any detailed motor or pump design parameters; a model of the system is adaptively estimated on-line. The developed detection algorithm has been tested on data collected from a centrifugal pump connected to a 3 φ, 3 hp induction motor. Several cavitation levels are staged with increased severity. In addition to these staged pump faults, extensive experiments are also conducted to test the false alarm performance of the algorithm. Results from these experiments allow us to offer the conclusion that for the cases under consideration, the proposed model-based detection scheme reveals cavitation detection times that are comparable to those obtained from vibration analysis with a detection threshold that is significantly lower than used in industrial practice.
Forensic identification of cases with infectious diseases such as novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020)

Deaths or other legal disputes caused by novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) may require forensic pathological autopsy or forensic clinical identification. During daily forensic identification of cases in which individuals died of infectious diseases, forensic identification agencies and experts should be fully aware of the risk of infection when dissecting and examining such cadavers. Furthermore, forensic identification personnel should always adopt effective protective measures. As a novel infectious disease, research and information on COVID-19 are updated rapidly. Therefore, guidelines should be carefully selected for forensic identification. In addition to the above aspects, this paper has also discussed other common issues during the forensic autopsy of patients who died of infectious diseases, such as professional ethics, informed consent, insurance claims, and environmental protection.
Symmetric key authentication using verification in public (2000)

Several protocols for authentication using memory-constrained smart cards or tokens based on symmetric key cryptography are described.
Nitrogen Doping of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube by Using Mass-Separated Low-Energy Ion Beams (2005)

Mass-separated nitrogen ions with the mass number of 14 were irradiated to the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) under an ultra high-vacuum pressure of 10 -7 Pa for the purpose of achieving nitrogen doping in nanotubes. The incident angle of the ion beam was normal to the target nanotube, and the ion beam energy was 30 eV, which was close to the displacement energy of graphite. The dependence of the structure of SWCNTs on the ion dose was investigated. The ion dose ranged from 2.8×10 14 to 2.2×10 16 ions/cm 2 . The nitrogen ions are incorporated into graphite sheets of SWCNTs after irradiation at 2.8×10 14 ions/cm 2 . The graphite structure is distorted and many defects are induced in the nanotube by the nitrogen incorporation. The structure is changed to amorphous after irradiation at 2.2×10 16 ions/cm 2 . The nitrogen ions with the ion energy of 25 eV are irradiated to the field effect transistor device with the nanotube channel. The n-type characteristic appears upon ion irradiation, and the device exhibits ambipolar behavior.
Monitoring Glutamate and Ascorbate in the Extracellular Space of Brain Tissue with Electrochemical Microsensors (1999)

This paper describes electrochemical microsensors for the in vivo measurement of glutamate and ascorbate in the extracellular space of brain tissue. To prepare glutamate microsensors, carbon fiber microelectrodes (10 microns in diameter and 300-400 microns long) were modified with a cross-linked redox polymer film containing enzymes. The microsensors were coated with a thin Nafion film before use. The glutamate microsensors were both selective and sensitive toward glutamate, with detection limits in the low micromolar range. Physiologically relevant concentrations of several electroactive compounds found in brain tissue produced no response at the glutamate microsensors and also did not affect their glutamate response, the only exception being glutamine, for which a small response was observed in the absence, but not in the presence, of glutamate. The ascorbate microsensors were used in conjunction with cyclic voltammetry. They were sensitive and selective toward ascorbate, but did exhibit a small sensitivity toward the dopamine metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. The in vivo measurements performed establish the ability of the glutamate microsensors to monitor the component of the basal extracellular glutamate level that is derived from the neuronal activity of brain tissue.
Dynamic Scheduling of Parallel Jobs with QoS Demands in Multiclusters and Grids (2005)

This paper addresses the dynamic scheduling of parallel jobs with QoS demands (soft-deadlines) in multiclusters and grids. Three metrics (over-deadline, makespan and idle-time) are combined with variable weights to evaluate the scheduling performance. These three metrics are used to measure the extent of the jobs' QoS demand compliance, the resource throughput and the resource utilization. Two levels of performance optimisation are applied in the multicluster. At the multicluster level, a scheduler (which we call MUSCLE) allocates parallel jobs with high packing potential to the same cluster; it also takes the jobs' QoS requirements into account and employs a heuristic to allocate suitable workloads to each cluster to balance the overall system performance. At the single cluster level, an existing workload manager, called TITAN, utilizes a genetic algorithm to further improve the scheduling performance of the jobs previously allocated by MUSCLE. Extensive experimental studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the scheduling mechanism as well as the effect of the prediction accuracy on the scheduling performance. The results show that compared with traditional distributed workload allocation policies, the comprehensive scheduling performance of parallel jobs is significantly improved across the multicluster, and the presence of prediction errors does not dramatically weaken the performance advantage.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mi>W</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>quasiparticle band structures of stibnite, antimonselite, bismuthinite, and guanajuatite (2013)

We present first-principles calculations of the quasiparticle band structures of four isostructural semiconducting metal chalcogenides ${A}_{2}{B}_{3}$ (with $A$ = Sb, Bi and $B$ = S, Se) of the stibnite family within the ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}$ approach. We perform extensive convergence tests and identify a sensitivity of the quasiparticle corrections to the structural parameters and to the semicore $d$ electrons. Our calculations indicate that all four chalcogenides exhibit direct band gaps, if we exclude some indirect transitions marginally below the direct gap. Relativistic spin-orbit effects are evaluated for the Kohn-Sham band structures, and included as scissor corrections in the quasiparticle band gaps. Our calculated band gaps are 1.5 eV (Sb${}_{2}$S${}_{3}$), 1.3 eV (Sb${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$), 1.4 eV (Bi${}_{2}$S${}_{3}$), and 0.9 eV (Bi${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$). By comparing our calculated gaps with the ideal Shockley-Queisser value we find that all four chalcogenides are promising as light sensitizers for nanostructured photovoltaics.
Optimization of Support Structures in Additive Manufacturing (AM) Processes (2016)

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is the process of manufacturing parts by adding successive layers of materials on top of each other.It is widely being used in industries such as automotive, medical and aerospace as objects with intricate part geometries can be manufactured with ease.AM is spread over a vast number of processes which use different fusing methods (laser sintering and melting) and different materials (metal, plastics).Many of these processes including Stereo Lithography (SLA), Electron Beam Melting, Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Digital Light Processing (DLP) require support structures for part building.Since the volume of support structures will affect the amount of post processing time, it is desirable to have minimum support structures.Post processing methods are required to remove these supports after the manufacturing of the part.In addition, support structures have impact on the finish of the part surfaces that is in contact with these supports.Hence, for improved surface quality, it is important to keep the volume of support structures and area of contact of these structures with the part at a minimum.This thesis presents a methodology for detecting and calculating the volume of support structures required to build an AM part.A point quadtree algorithm is used to calculate the support structure volume for a part at a particular orientation.The algorithm developed can handle intricate parts having internal hollow volumes that require isolated sections of support structures that may lead to larger contact surface area.Assessment of the requirement of support structure for the part is performed using a ray-triangle intersection algorithm.Furthermore, the time required to build the part is calculated based on part volume and support structure volumes.Lastly, the best build orientation is determined while minimizing the volume of support structures in conjunction with contact area of these supports.Area ( ABC) = AC X AB .. (10)
Fabrication, Assembly, and Application of Patchy Particles (2010)

The site-specific engineering of colloidal surfaces has provided a powerful approach to pushing the boundaries of today's materials research. The resulting surface-anisotropic and patchy particles have become the center of vital research areas, ranging from the need for large-scale fabrication techniques to exploring new applications of these materials. This Review summarizes patchy particle fabrication techniques, including but not limited to particle and nanosphere lithography and glancing-angle deposition. The variety of existing patchy particle fabrication techniques is revealed and the need for a scalable approach to high-volume patchy particle production is identified. Ongoing modeling efforts describing patchy particle interactions and properties are reviewed as potential predictive tools. Research endeavors that deal with the directed assembly of patchy particles in electric and magnetic fields, as well as with supraparticular assembly through chemical interactions, are discussed. The Review is concluded with a note on the future application of patchy particles as phoretic motors.
Combining the Advantages of Wrap Through Metallization and Rear Surface Passivation into Industrial MWT-PERC Devices (2010)

We present thin metal-wrap-through silicon solar cells with passivated surfaces fabricated from Czochralski-Si substrates. Nearly all process steps are performed on industrial production equipment, including screen printing of the contacts. The thickness of the substrate after all process steps is only 120 μm, nevertheless the cells show short circuit current densities of up to 39 mA/cm2 which indicates reduced shading losses, superior light trapping and high quality surface passivation. The rear surface of the cell exhibits soldering pads for easy module assembly. Laser fired contacts connect the p-type base to the rear metallization. An analysis of reflectance and quantum efficiency data quantifies the losses in short circuit current originating from different loss mechanisms such as shading, front surface- and escape reflectance as well as emitter recombination.
‘They’re coming’: Precarity and the white nation fantasy among South African migrants in Melbourne (2016)

This paper explores the social reproduction of precarity among white South African migrants in Australia. Building on Griffiths and Prozesky’s elucidation of the white South African imaginary and its role in triggering emigration, we draw on ethnographic data on white South Africans living in Melbourne to argue that our informants reproduce what Hage terms a ‘white nation fantasy’. In documenting the ways our informants’ migration experiences can be read as a function of a threatened social imaginary, we suggest that their ‘successful’ resettlement in Australia points to the congruence of their ontological grounding with the white nation fantasy predominating in Australia. Ultimately, however, we argue that the sense of precarity our informants experience in Australia is intrinsically embedded in their reproduction of the white nation fantasy. Our case study therefore serves as a cautionary tale to inflexible constructions of whiteness globally.
The maximal-error and average-error capacity region of the broadcast channel are identical : A direct proof (1990)

<p>We give a direct proof of the fact that for broadcast channels the maximal-error capacity region is equal to the average-error capacity region. Instead of making an excursion to stochastic encoders, we base our proof on matrix-partitioning.</p>
Self-organizing network for optimum supervised learning (1990)

A new algorithm called the self-organizing neural network (SONN) is introduced. Its use is demonstrated in a system identification task. The algorithm constructs a network, chooses the node functions, and adjusts the weights. It is compared to the backpropagation algorithm in the identification of the chaotic time series. The results show that SONN constructs a simpler, more accurate model, requiring less training data and fewer epochs. The algorithm can also be applied as a classifier.
Rapid insulinotropic effect of 17β‐estradiol via a plasma membrane receptor (1998)

Impaired insulin secretion is a hallmark in both type I and type II diabetic individuals. Whereas type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) implies ss-cell destruction, type II (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus), responsible for 75% of diabetic syndromes, involves diminished glucose-dependent secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta-cells. Although a clear demonstration of a direct effect of 17beta-estradiol on the pancreatic ss-cell is lacking, an in vivo insulinotropic effect has been suggested. In this report we describe the effects of 17beta-estradiol in mouse pancreatic ss-cells. 17beta-Estradiol, at physiological concentrations, closes K(ATP) channels, which are also targets for antidiabetic sulfonylureas, in a rapid and reversible manner. Furthermore, in synergy with glucose, 17beta-estradiol depolarizes the plasma membrane, eliciting electrical activity and intracellular calcium signals, which in turn enhance insulin secretion. These effects occur through a receptor located at the plasma membrane, distinct from the classic cytosolic estrogen receptor. Specific competitive binding and localization of 17beta-estradiol receptors at the plasma membrane was demonstrated using confocal reflective microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Gaining deeper knowledge of the effect induced by 17beta-estradiol may be important in order to better understand the hormonal regulation of insulin secretion and for the treatment of NIDDM. receptor.
Thermal Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration of Quartz Crystal Microbalance on Chemical Reactions (1971)

Weight gains due to the reaction of iodine vapor with vacuum-deposited silver films have been measured by a quartz crystal microbalance operated at different crystal exciting powers. The reaction rate is found to decreases with increasing exciting power of the crystal. This is explained as the result of increase of reaction temperature from an observation that the rate of this reaction decreases with increasing temperature. The increase of temperature is measured directly, by using thermocouples made by vacuum-deposition of copper and constantan on the crystal, to be about 17°C and 0.1°C at the exciting powers of 300 mW and 5 mW in a vacuum. It is concluded that the quartz crystal microbalance can be used without the thermal influence of the vibration for the measurement of weight changes of such reactions as far as it was operated at exciting power as weak as 5 mW.
Evaluation of a 510-MWe Destec GCC power plant fueled with Illinois No. 6 coal (1992)

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has sponsored a series of engineering and economic evaluations for a number of gasification processes, with emphasis on second-generation technologies. This report presents the results of a detailed evaluation of the Destec (formerly Dow) Coal Gasification Process applied to an integrated combined-cycle power plant (IGCC). The Destec process was evaluated because it has the following attributes: High thermal efficiency; Coal feed flexibility; Low capital cost; Low environmental emissions. A plant design was done for a Destec-based, IGCC plant employing two GE MS-7001F combustion turbines located at a generic site in southern Illinois. The plant feedstock is Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal. Data was developed for plant performance, environmental emissions and effluents, plant layout, and capital and operating costs. A financial analysis investigating the effects of coal price, plant capital cost, and plant capacity factor upon cost of electricity was also performed.
Characterization of the fragmented forms of calcineurin produced by calpain I (1989)

Calcineurin, a calmodulin-stimulated phosphatase from bovine brain, was hydrolyzed by calpain I from human erythrocytes. In the absence of calmodulin, calpain rapidly transformed the 60-kilodalton (kDa) catalytic subunit of calcineurin into a transient 57-kDa fragment and thereafter a 43-kDa limit fragment. In the presence of calmodulin, the 60-kDa subunit was sequentially proteolyzed to a 55-kDa fragment and then a 49-kDa fragment. Upon proteolysis in the absence or presence of calmodulin, the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity (assayed in the presence of calmodulin) was increased by 300%. The 43- and the 49-kDa fragments were found to (i) remain associated with the small subunit (17 kDa), (ii) have lost the ability to bind and to be activated by calmodulin, and (iii) have phosphatase activity that was still stimulated by Mn2+ or Ni2+. The 43- + 17-kDa form had similar Km values for various substrates, but the Vmax values were increased compared with the native enzyme. It is proposed that (i) a 43-kDa core segment of the 60-kDa subunit of calcineurin contained the catalytic domain, the small subunit-binding domain, and the metal ion (Mn2+ and (or) Ni2+) binding site; and (ii) two distinct types of inhibitory domains exist near the end(s) of the large subunit, one of which is calmodulin regulated, while the other is calmodulin independent.
Composite materials application for liquid rocket engines (1982)

Composite materials, because of their high specific strength and high specific modulus values, offer significant weight saving opportunities for structural rocket engine components. requirement for liquid rocket engines are discussed. The state-of-the-art composite materials are also discussed. Engine components are evaluated from the standpoint of their structural requirements, manufacturing peculiarities, operating environments, and the potential for weight savings. Rocketdyne has built a subscale thrust chamber structural jacket out of graphite epoxy composite materials. static test series was performed on the jacket and test results exceed the design requirements in its load carrying capability. The materials
Design of a Nonvolatile 7T1R SRAM Cell for Instant-on Operation (2014)

Energy consumption is a major concern in nanoscale CMOS ICs; the power-Off operational mode and low-voltage circuits have been proposed to alleviate energy dissipation. Static random access memories (SRAMs) are widely used in today's chips; nonvolatile SRAMs (NVSRAMs) have been proposed to preserve data, while providing fast power- On/Off speeds. Nonvolatile operation is usually accomplished by the use of a resistive RAM circuit (hence referred to as RRAM); the utilization of a RRAM with an SRAMs not only enables chips to achieve low energy consumption for nonvolatile operation, but it also permits to restore data when a restore on power-up is performed (this operation is also commonly referred to as “Instant-on”). This paper presents a novel NVSRAM circuit for “Instant-on” operation and evaluates its performance at nanometric feature sizes. The proposed memory cell consists of a SRAM core (in this case, a 6T cell) and an oxide resistive RRAM circuit (1T1R), thus making a 7T1R scheme. The proposed cell offers better nonvolatile performance (in terms of operations such as “Store,” “Power-down,” and “Restore”) when compared with existing nonvolatile cells. The scenario of multiple-context configuration is also analyzed. Figures of merit such as energy, operational delay, and area are also substantially improved, making the proposed design a better scheme for “Instant-on” operation.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Head and Neck Cancers (2009)

This article reviews the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of treatment response in tumors arising in the head and neck region. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, determined from DWI, can help in cancer staging and detection of subcentimeter nodal metastasis. The ADC value also discriminates carcinomas from lymphomas, benign lesions from malignant tumors and tumor necrosis from abscesses. Low pretreatment ADC values typically predict a favorable response to chemoradiation therapy. These promising reports indicate the potential of DWI as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response in head and neck cancers. In view of the overlapping ADC values between different salivary gland tumors, care should be taken when interpreting these results and other imaging parameters should be considered for a better diagnosis. Susceptibility and motion-induced artifacts may sometimes degrade DWI image quality; however, novel techniques are being developed to overcome these drawbacks.
Genome-wide somatic hypermutation (2004)

DNA mutagenesis is generally considered harmful. Yet activated B cells normally mutate the Ig loci. Because this somatic hypermutation is potentially dangerous, it has been hypothesized that mutations do not occur throughout the genome but instead are actively targeted to the Ig loci. Here we challenge this longstanding and widely accepted hypothesis. We demonstrate that hypermutation requires no Ig gene sequences. Instead, activation-induced cytidine deaminase and other trans-acting hypermutation factors may function as general mutators.