gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES OF THERMAL COMFORT MODELS (1988)

Thermal comfort models - specifically the J.B. Pierce two-node model of human thermoregulation and the Fanger Comfort Equation - predict comfort responses of individuals exposed to thermal environments under conditions of either rest or exercise. This paper evaluates the ability of these two models to predict the physiological variables underlying thermal comfort over a wide range of still air environments (effective temperature between 5°C and 45°C) and exercise intensities (rest to 85% of maximal aerobic capacity). The physiological data base used for comparison was taken from several published and as-yet unpublished studies at three different laboratories. Values of core temperature (TCR), skin temperature (TSK) and skin wettedness (w), predicted by the Pierce two-node model, and PMV, predicted by the Fanger model, differed significantly from observed values (P&lt;.05). The Pierce model tended to underestimate w (mean error = -.16) and TCR (mean error = -.31°C), and to overpredict TSK (mean error = .48°C). Skin wettedness predictions were less accurate for high exercise intensity (6 to 8 met) than for rest, low exercise intensity (i to 3.5 met) or moderate exercise intensity (3.5 to 6 met). Accuracy was higher for males than females, and greater for females in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle than females in the luteal phase. Errors in TSK predictions were also associated with exercise intensity but not associated with either gender or effective temperature. TCR predictions were significantly more accurate for females than for males. The average error associated with PMV predictions was 1.26 scaling units and was related to both effective temperature (ET*) and exercise intensity. Based on multiple linear regression with ET and exercise intensity, the expected error in PMV was approximately zero at ET=28°C for resting subjects. The magnitude of error increased by approximately .3 scaling units for each l°C change in ET, and by approximately 1.3 scaling units for each increase in exercise intensity level (e.g. rest to low).
The growth of freestanding single carbon nanotube arrays (2003)

Regular arrays of freestanding single carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared on Ni dot arrays by dc plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. The size of the Ni dot was reduced for single CNT growth by means of conventional photolithography and a lateral wet-etch process. The vertical alignment of a single CNT was directly dependent on the location of the catalyst metals. Using this method, well-separated and well-defined regular arrays of freestanding CNTs can be fabricated and the process can be scaled up at a lower cost than electron beam lithography, which is encouraging for applications in field emitters and nanoelectrodes.
The Promise of Neuroprotective Agents in Parkinson?s Disease (2011)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. Since there are limited treatment options for PD, neuroprotective agents are currently being tested as a means to slow disease progression. Agents targeting oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation are prime candidates for neuroprotection. This review identifies Rasagiline, Minocycline, and creatine, as the most promising neuroprotective agents for PD, and they are all currently in phase III trials. Other agents possessing protective characteristics in delaying PD include stimulants, vitamins, supplements, and other drugs. Additionally, combination therapies also show benefits in slowing PD progression. The identification of neuroprotective agents for PD provides us with therapeutic opportunities for modifying the course of disease progression and, perhaps, reducing the risk of onset when preclinical biomarkers become available.
Comparison of Five Selective Media for the Growth and Enumeration of Streptococcus Mutans (2002)

The results of our study suggest that TYCSB is the most sensitive and selective media for culture of S. mutans for laboratory and clinical studies.
Bandwidth-controllable reflective polarisers based on the temperature-dependent chiral conflict in binary chiral mixtures (2011)

In this study, we demonstrate a new method for obtaining a binary chiral mixture (BCM) which exhibits an unprecedented temperature-dependent helical twisting power (HTP) by utilising the chiral conflict between two chiral dopants with opposite handedness and HTP temperature dependence. Different from the common chiral dopant reported before, the addition of such a BCM could increase the clearing temperature of the host liquid crystal (LC). Due to the sufficiently large HTP value of the BCM, the three primary colours (blue, green and red) can be easily reflected by the nematic liquid crystal (N-LC)/BCM mixture at different temperatures. Moreover, the large HTP temperature dependence could be maintained and even enhanced in the longer wavelength region by adjusting the content of the BCM. Finally, based on the large HTP temperature dependence and the positive affect on the host LC of the BCM, a thermally bandwidth-controllable reflective polariser that could work in the visible region (400–750 nm) was prepared from the N-LC/BCM/polymer network composite.
68.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Achieving Graytone Images in a Microencapsulated Electrophoretic Display (2006)

Abstract Microencapsulated electrophoretic imaging films have been developed for a variety of display applications. These films exhibit an “ink‐on‐paper” appearance owing to their strong, near lambertian light scattering. Image persistence exhibited by these films allows displays to operate without power outside of image updates. This and their ready incorporation into flexible displays make microencapsulated imaging films attractive for portable devices where readability in a wide variety of lighting conditions, low power consumption, and mechanical robustness are important. This report reviews the basic principles of optical and electronic performance of E Ink's microencapsulated electrophoretic films as well as recent advances in driving methods for achieving high‐quality graytone images in highresolution, active‐matrix displays.
Structure and regulation of the rat 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor. (1988)

Complementary DNA clones encoding the entire rat 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor were isolated, and the total 423-amino acid sequence was deduced. The amino acid sequence of the rat receptor is similar but not identical to the reported human receptor sequence. The cysteine-rich DNA-binding domain is completely conserved and the steroid-binding domain is greater than 93% conserved between rat and human. The cDNA was used as a probe in blot analysis of polyadenylylated RNA to show that the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor mRNA is a single 4.4-kilobase mRNA that is expressed in intestine and kidney, slightly expressed in heart, and not detectable in liver and spleen. The receptor mRNA concentration is markedly increased during development of the rat intestine between day 14 and day 21, in accord with previous results obtained by measurement of receptor concentration by ligand binding or immunoblotting.
Cis and trans activation of adenovirus IVa<sub>2</sub>gene transcription (1985)

The transcriptional control region of the adenovirus IVa2 promoter was analyzed by cloning this promoter in front of a gene coding for bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CATase) and estimating levels of CATase and IVa2 promoter specific RNA synthesized after transfection. To produce detectable amounts of CATase with the IVa2 promoter, an enhancer has to be present in cis. In the absence of enhancer sequences, the adenovirus E1A gene can not stimulate CATase synthesis. When cells were transfected with plasmids containing enhancer sequences and various IVa2 mutant promoters upstream of the CAT gene, we observed that CATase activity was not reduced significantly even after deletion of all sequences upstream of the RNA initiation site. Synthesis of IVa2 specific RNA was dependent on plasmids containing an enhancer (SV40 72 bp repeat) that was present in cis. In the absence of enhancer sequences, co-transfection to provide the adenovirus E1A gene in trans also stimulated IVa2 RNA synthesis. When HeLa cells were transfected with various deletion mutants with an enhancer in cis it was seen that sequences -38 to -64 base pairs upstream of the RNA initiation site are necessary for efficient transcription. The E1A gene in trans and an enhancer in cis have an additive effect on RNA synthesis from both IVa2 and major late promoters. The basis for the conflicting results between transcription and CATase synthesis is discussed.
Characterization of the hypothetical protein Cpn1027, a newly identified inclusion membrane protein unique to Chlamydia pneumoniae (2007)

The hypothetical protein Cpn1027 was detected in the inclusion membrane of Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected cells with antibodies raised with Cpn1027 fusion proteins in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The inclusion membrane staining by the anti-Cpn1027 antibodies co-localized with the staining of an antibody recognizing a known inclusion membrane protein designated IncA and these membrane stainings were blocked by the corresponding but not irrelevant fusion proteins. Although Cpn1027 was not predicted to be an inclusion membrane protein, it contained a bi-lobed hydrophobic domain region at its N-terminus, a signature secondary structural motif possessed by most chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins. The Cpn1027 protein was detected as early as 12 h after C. pneumoniae infection and remained in the inclusion membrane throughout the rest of the infection cycle. Cytosolic expression of Cpn1027 via a transgene failed to affect the subsequent chlamydial infection. The anti-Cpn1027 polyclonal antisera failed to detect any significant signals in cells infected with chlamydial species other than C. pneumoniae, which is consistent with the sequence analysis result that no significant homologues of Cpn1027 were found in any other species. These experiments together have demonstrated that Cpn1027 is a newly identified inclusion membrane protein unique to C. pneumoniae.
One-hashing bloom filter (2015)

Bloom filters are widely used in many network applications but the high computation cost limits the system performance. In this paper, we introduce a new variation of Bloom filter named One-Hashing Bloom Filter (OHBF) to solve the problem. OHBF requires only one base hash function plus a few simple operations to implement a Bloom filter. While keeping nearly the same theoretical false positive ratio as an ideal Bloom filter, OHBF significantly reduces the hash computation overhead. We show that the false positive performance of a standard Bloom filter implementation strongly relies on the selection of hash functions, even if these hash functions are considered good. In contrast, OHBF presents consistently better performance with a proven mathematical foundation. OHBF is ideal for high throughput and low latency applications. As OHBF is a fundamental technique in Bloom filter theory, it can be applied to many other Bloom filter variations, such as Counting Bloom Filter and Space-Code Bloom Filter.
Table of Contents Vol. 5 Iss. 1 (1985)

Table of Contents - Issue 1
Congestive heart failure due to adriamycin cardiotoxicity: Its natural history in children (1981)

The congestive heart failure (CHF) associated with Adriamycin cardiotoxicity is frequently fatal. To investigate the course of Adriamycin-induced congestive heart failure, all Adriamycin-treated children who developed congestive heart failure at the Children's Hospital Medical Center and Sidney Farber Cancer Institute were studied. Criteria for Adriamycin-induced congestive heart failure included clinical evidence of left ventricular (LV) failure and echocardiographic evidence of abnormal left ventricular function. Fifteen children fulfilled these criteria. Eleven patients received between 400 and 500 mg/m2 of Adriamycin; four patients received cumulative doses over 500 mg/m2. Twelve of 15 (80%) children survived their acute episode of congestive heart failure. At follow-up, three patients had normalized their echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular function, three had died of their malignancies with compensated cardiac function until death, and six were clinically asymptomatic despite persistence of abnormal LV function on echocardiogram. Only three patients died of Adriamycin cardiomyopathy. In children treated with aggressive medical therapy, congestive heart failure secondary to Adriamycin cardiotoxicity may be reversible in certain cases.
Electronic structure of double-perovskite transition-metal oxides (2000)

Electronic structure has been investigated by reflectivity measurement for ordered-perovskite transition-metal oxides, ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}M{\mathrm{MoO}}_{6}$ $(M=\mathrm{Cr},$ Mn, Fe, and Co). The ground states of the Co and Mn compounds are paramagnetic insulators, making a sharp contrast with the ferrimagnetic metallic ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeMoO}}_{6}.$ For all the compounds, we have observed intense optical transition at $\ensuremath{\sim}2\mathrm{eV},$ which has been ascribed to the charge-transfer excitation from the $O2p$ state to the $\mathrm{Mo}4d$ level. Based on the optical spectra, we argue the electronic structure of this class of compounds.
Characterization and Mutagenesis of Gal/GlcNAc-6-<i>O</i>-sulfotransferases (2002)

The installation of sulfate groups on the carbohydrate residues of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans is a critical posttranslational modification that occurs in all higher eukaryotes. The Gal/GalNAc/GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferases (GSTs) are a recently discovered family of carbohydrate sulfotransferases that share significant sequence homology at the amino acid level and mediate a number of different biological processes such as leukocyte adhesion at sites of chronic inflammation. Structural and mechanistic studies of this family of sulfotransferases have been hindered by the lack of a productive recombinant protein expression system. We developed a baculovirus expression system for five of the seven cloned GSTs and determined their kinetic parameters using both thin-layer chromatography and a recently developed polymer dot-blot assay. We used these tools to perform the first site-directed mutagenesis study of a member of this sulfotransferase family, GST2. Using sequence alignments with other carbohydrate and cytosolic sulfotransferases, we selected residues within the putative binding regions for 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and the carbohydrate substrate for mutagenesis. Kinetic analysis of the mutants identified residues that are essential for catalytic activity. These results should facilitate mechanistic studies and the development of small molecule inhibitors of this enzyme family to ameliorate chronic inflammatory diseases.
Effects of Creatine on Synthesis and Release of γ‐[<sup>3</sup>H]Aminobutyric Acid (1990)

Creatine has been used previously to alter the energy balance of neurons in brain slices. In the present experiments, it was found to reduce the accumulation of gamma-[3H]aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) as synthesized from [3H]glutamine or [3H]glutamic acid in slices of rat neostriatum. The lowest effective concentration was 5 mM. Creatine (25 mM) was also effective when the degrading enzyme of GABA, i.e., GABA-alpha-oxoglutarate transaminase, was blocked by gabaculine. Creatine (25 mM) did not inhibit the uptake and subsequent accumulation of [3H]GABA. Thus, indirect evidence was obtained that creatine decreased the activity of the synthesizing enzyme of GABA, i.e., glutamate decarboxylase. When the direct effect of creatine (25 mM) on glutamate decarboxylase was studied in vitro, the agent indeed decreased the activity of the enzyme. Creatine (25 mM) also diminished the release of [3H]GABA (expressed as dpm/mg wet weight) from rat neostriatal slices, probably by reducing its synthesis and thus its readily releasable pool. These data are of importance for studies with creatine in complex neuronal systems, because they show that the agent changes not only neuronal energy balance, but also synthesis and release of the ubiquitous transmitter GABA.
Associative memories based on message-bearing optical modes in phase-conjugate resonators (1986)

We describe in generic terms a class of associative memory that is based on (1) an oscillating message-bearing optical mode in a resonator containing a multimessage hologram, (2) image-selective (discriminatory) amplification of the desired picture in a photorefractive crystal, and (3) phase-conjugate reflection.
Real-Time Compact Thermal Models for Health Management of Power Electronics (2010)

Implementation of real-time health assessment and thermal management of power electronic devices require real-time electrothermal models that can be used to predict the temperatures of device junctions, interfaces, etc., which cannot ordinarily be measured during service. This paper presents a real-time reduced-order compact thermal model, which is incorporated in a pulsewidth modulation and current controlled full bridge. An accurate representation of the dynamic thermal behavior was obtained experimentally and converted into a simplified multiexponential form then combined with lookup tables that provide estimates of the device losses based on measured values of the phase current. For interfaces away from the surface, such as solder layers, a validated Flotherm model is used to predict the temperatures of the hidden layers. Comparison of the real-time temperature estimates with IR measured values obtained from a high-speed IR camera showed that the reduced-order model was capable in estimating the module's temperatures over a range of modulation conditions. This real-time model is well-suited to the continuous monitoring of the internal behavior of the electrothermal effects within power electronic modules and can thus be used as part of a prognostic tool to provide knowledge through thermal cycling by combining with thermomechanical wear out models for health management of power electronics.
Sutures enriched with adipose-derived stem cells decrease the local acute inflammation after tracheal anastomosis in a murine model (2012)

Biosutures are a comfortable way of stem cell delivery to the surgical field without modification of the operative protocol. ASCs suppress the local acute inflammatory reaction (increased macrophage migration and decreased neutrophil infiltration) in the tracheal anastomosis and cause an early switch from acute to chronic inflammation.
Tetrahydrobiopterin: biochemistry and pathophysiology (2011)

BH4 (6R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin) is an essential cofactor of a set of enzymes that are of central metabolic importance, including four aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, alkylglycerol mono-oxygenase and three NOS (NO synthase) isoenzymes. Consequently, BH4 is present in probably every cell or tissue of higher organisms and plays a key role in a number of biological processes and pathological states associated with monoamine neurotransmitter formation, cardiovascular and endothelial dysfunction, the immune response and pain sensitivity. BH4 is formed de novo from GTP via a sequence of three enzymatic steps carried out by GTP cyclohydrolase I, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase and sepiapterin reductase. An alternative or salvage pathway involves dihydrofolate reductase and may play an essential role in peripheral tissues. Cofactor regeneration requires pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase and dihydropteridine reductase, except for NOSs, in which the BH4 cofactor undergoes a one-electron redox cycle without the need for additional regeneration enzymes. With regard to the regulation of cofactor biosynthesis, the major controlling point is GTP cyclohydrolase I. BH4 biosynthesis is controlled in mammals by hormones and cytokines. BH4 deficiency due to autosomal recessive mutations in all enzymes, except for sepiapterin reductase, has been described as a cause of hyperphenylalaninaemia. A major contributor to vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension, ischaemic reperfusion injury, diabetes and others, appears to be an effect of oxidized BH4, which leads to an increased formation of oxygen-derived radicals instead of NO by decoupled NOS. Furthermore, several neurological diseases have been suggested to be a consequence of restricted cofactor availability, and oral cofactor replacement therapy to stabilize mutant phenylalanine hydroxylase in the BH4-responsive type of hyperphenylalaninaemia has an advantageous effect on pathological phenylalanine levels in patients.
Thrombin stimulates fibroblast procollagen production via proteolytic activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (1998)

Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that has a crucial role in blood coagulation. It is also a potent mesenchymal cell mitogen and chemoattractant and might therefore have an important role in the recruitment and local proliferation of mesenchymal cells at sites of tissue injury. We hypothesized that thrombin might also affect the deposition of connective tissue proteins at these sites by directly stimulating fibroblast procollagen production. To address this hypothesis, the effect of thrombin on procollagen production and gene expression by human foetal lung fibroblasts was assessed over 48 h. Thrombin stimulated procollagen production at concentrations of 1 nM and above, with maximal increases of between 60% and 117% at 10 nM thrombin. These effects of thrombin were, at least in part, due to increased steady-state levels of alpha1(I) procollagen mRNA. They could furthermore be reproduced with thrombin receptor-activating peptides for the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) and were completely abolished when thrombin was rendered proteolytically inactive with the specific inhibitors d-Phe-Pro-ArgCH2Cl and hirudin, indicating that thrombin is mediating these effects via the proteolytic activation of PAR-1. These results suggest that thrombin might influence the deposition of connective tissue proteins during normal wound healing and the development of tissue fibrosis by stimulating fibroblast procollagen production.
Ranking Documents by Answer-Passage Quality (2018)

Evidence derived from passages that closely represent likely answers to a posed query can be useful input to the ranking process. Based on a novel use of Community Question Answering data, we present an approach for the creation of such passages. A general framework for extracting answer passages and estimating their quality is proposed, and this evidence is integrated into ranking models. Our experiments on two web collections show that such quality estimates from answer passages provide a strong indication of document relevance and compare favorably to previous passage-based methods. Combining such evidence can significantly improve over a set of state-of-the-art ranking models, including Quality-Biased Ranking, External Expansion, and a combination of both. A final ranking model that incorporates all quality estimates achieves further improvements on both collections.