gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impairment in Long-Term Memory Formation and Learning-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in Mice Lacking Glycogen Synthase in the Brain (2013)

Glycogen is the only carbohydrate reserve of the brain, but its overall contribution to brain functions remains unclear. Although it has traditionally been considered as an emergency energetic reservoir, increasing evidence points to a role of glycogen in the normal activity of the brain. To address this long-standing question, we generated a brain-specific Glycogen Synthase knockout (GYS1(Nestin-KO)) mouse and studied the functional consequences of the lack of glycogen in the brain under alert behaving conditions. These animals showed a significant deficiency in the acquisition of an associative learning task and in the concomitant activity-dependent changes in hippocampal synaptic strength. Long-term potentiation (LTP) evoked in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse was also decreased in behaving GYS1(Nestin-KO) mice. These results unequivocally show a key role of brain glycogen in the proper acquisition of new motor and cognitive abilities and in the underlying changes in synaptic strength.
Where am I? Scene Recognition for Mobile Robots using Audio Features (2006)

Automatic recognition of unstructured environments is an important problem for mobile robots. We focus on using audio features to recognize different auditory environments, where they are characterized by different types of sounds. The use of audio information provides a complementary means of scene recognition that can effectively augment visual information. In particular, audio can be used toward both the analysis and characterization of the environment at a higher level of abstraction. We begin our investigation of recognizing different auditory environments with the audio information. In this paper, we utilize low-level audio features from a mobile robot and investigate using high-level features based on spectral analysis for scene characterization, and a recognition system was built to discriminate between different environments based on these audio features found.
Cutaneous effects of infrared radiation: from clinical observations to molecular response mechanisms (2003)

Human skin is exposed to infrared (IR) radiation (760 nm-1 mm) from natural as well as artificial sources that are increasingly used for cosmetic or medical purposes. Epidemiological data and clinical observations, however, indicate that IR radiation cannot be considered as totally innocuous to human skin. In particular, IR radiation, similar to ultraviolet radiation, seems to be involved in photoaging and potentially also in photocarcinogenesis. The molecular consequences resulting from IR exposure are virtually unknown. Recent studies, however, have begun to shed light on the basic molecular processes such as cellular signal transduction and gene expression triggered by exposure to IR radiation. In response to IR irradiation, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways were activated mediating the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression. This previously unrecognized molecular 'IR response' shows that IR radiation is capable of specifically interfering with cellular functions and provides a molecular basis for biological effects of IR on human skin.
<i>Pasteurella multocida</i> Toxin Increases Endothelial Permeability via Rho Kinase and Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase (1998)

Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) has been shown to induce actin reorganization through activation of the GTPase Rho. Here we investigated the involvement of the Rho target proteins Rho kinase and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphatase in the PMT-induced increase in endothelial permeability and the underlying actin reorganization of endothelial cells. Stimulation of endothelial layers with PMT enhanced transendothelial permeability > 10-fold, and this was abolished by pretreatment with the specific Rho inactivator C3 transferase from Clostridium botulinum. The PMT-induced increase in endothelial permeability was associated with 1) inactivation of MLC phosphatase, 2) an increase in MLC phosphorylation, and 3) endothelial cell retraction and actin stress fiber formation. PMT-stimulated actin reorganization could be prevented by 1) pretreatment of cells with C3 transferase, 2) microinjection of the Rho binding domain and the pleckstrin homology domain of Rho kinase, and 3) microinjection of constitutively active MLC phosphatase. Together, these results suggest that PMT activates Rho/Rho kinase, which inactivates MLC phosphatase. The resulting increase in MLC phosphorylation causes endothelial cell retraction and a rise in endothelial permeability.
Costs and quality of life in multiple sclerosis (2006)

Consistent with other studies, costs and utilities were significantly correlated with functional capacity. The proportion of costs represented by disease modifying drugs is considerably lower than estimated in other studies, as all costs related to the disease are included.
Adhesion-Based Cell Sorter With Antibody-Coated Amino-Functionalized-Parylene Surface (2008)

An adhesion-based cell-separation device is developed for the extraction of rare cells from a cell mixture. The cell-separation principle mimics leukocyte recruitment from blood vessels in our body, where leukocytes are decelerated by antigen-antibody interaction at the sites of inflammation or injury. Separation of cell mixture can be accomplished by simply introducing the sample plug through an antibody-immobilized microchannel without any pre- or postprocessing. A new class of amino-functionalized parylene (diX AM) is employed in order to provide amino group on the channel-wall surface. The amount of immobilized biomolecules on diX AM surface is characterized through quartz-crystal-microbalance measurements. The number density of immobilized biotin is as large as , which indicates an amount of amino group enough to immobilize biotin and other biomolecules in a closely packed state. It is shown by the measurement of cell velocity in the CD31-coated diX AM microchannel that the flowing velocity of human endothelial cells are reduced by up to 70% due to specific adhesion of CD31 antigens and antibodies. The results are further analyzed by using a 2-D membrane-peeling model, with which the cell velocity can be estimated under different conditions of antibody number density and bulk mean velocity. Based on the experimental results, a cell-separation device for treating a 1- cell-mixture plug is designed and microfabricated. A mixture of human endothelial cells and leukocytes is successfully separated into plugs of each cell type within a shorter period of time as compared to conventional cell-separation methods which require sample preprocessing.
Intracellular Ca2 release mediates ursolic acid–induced apoptosis in human leukemic HL‐60 cells (1997)

The effect of ursolic acid (UA) on tumor cell apoptosis was investigated using HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells as a model cellular system. Treatment with UA resulted in a concentration-dependent decreased cell viability assessed by MTT assay. UA also induced genomic DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis, indicating that the mechanism by which UA induced cell death was through apoptosis. The intracellular Ca2+ level was increased by treatment with UA. Intracellular Ca2+ inhibitors, such as intracellular Ca2+-release blockers (dantrolene, TMB-8 and ruthenium red) and an intracellular Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA/AM), significantly blocked the UA-induced increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration. These inhibitors also blocked the effects of UA on cell viability and apoptosis. These results suggest that enhanced intracellular Ca2+ signals may be involved in UA-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Int. J. Cancer 73:725–728, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Genomic analysis of DUSP6, a dual specificity MAP kinase phosphatase, in pancreatic cancer (1998)

DUSP6 (alias PYST1), one of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphatases, is localized on 12q21, one of the regions of frequent allelic loss in pancreatic cancer. This gene is composed of three exons, and two forms of alternatively spliced transcripts are ubiquitously expressed. Although no mutations were observed in 26 pancreatic cancer cell lines, reduced expressions of the full-length transcripts were observed in some cell lines, which may suggest some role for DUSP6 in pancreatic carcinogenesis.
What Makes Good In-Context Examples for GPT-3? (2022)

Jiachang Liu, Dinghan Shen, Yizhe Zhang, Bill Dolan, Lawrence Carin, Weizhu Chen. Proceedings of Deep Learning Inside Out (DeeLIO 2022): The 3rd Workshop on Knowledge Extraction and Integration for Deep Learning Architectures. 2022.
Inflammatory Diseases - A Modern Perspective (2011)

"Inflammatory Diseases - A Modern Perspective" represents an extended and thoroughly revised collection of papers on inflammation. This book explores a wide range of topics relevant to inflammation and inflammatory diseases while its main objective is to help in understanding the molecular mechanism and a concrete review of inflammation. One of the interesting things about this book is its diversity in topics which include pharmacology, medicine, rational drug design, microbiology and biochemistry. Each topic focuses on inflammation and its related disease thus giving a unique platform which integrates all the useful information regarding inflammation.
An evaluation of salmeterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. (2002)

The present study shows that eight weeks treatment with salmeterol 50 microg twice-daily added to the existing regimen of ipratropium bromide and beclomethasone dipropionate provides greater symptomatic relief and improvement in lung function than placebo. This is accompanied by an improvement in the health-related quality of life.
An ultra-wideband low-power ADPLL chirp synthesizer with adaptive loop bandwidth in 65nm CMOS (2016)

The paper presents an ultra-wideband, low-power frequency synthesizer for Ku-band FMCW radars. This ADPLL-based frequency synthesizer generates chirps with configurable rate from 0.4 to 3.2GHz/ms, up to 2GHz bandwidth in triangle or sawtooth mode. Adaptive loop bandwidth is adopted to reduce variations of the loop tracking characteristic during ramping under different chirp rate, by which, a low frequency RMS error of ~179kHz is achieved for the chirp rate below 2GHz/ms. Fabricated in a 65nm CMOS, the synthesizer generates a wideband chirp from 13.8GHz to 15.8GHz, and consumes 36.3mW, featuring state of the art performance.
Toward a 6G AI-Native Air Interface (2021)

Each generation of cellular communication systems is marked by a defining disruptive technology of its time, such as OFDM for 4G or Massive MIMO for 5G. Since AI is the defining technology of our time, it is natural to ask what role it could play for 6G. While it is clear that 6G must cater to the needs of large distributed learning systems, it is less certain if AI will play a defining role in the design of 6G itself. The goal of this article is to paint a vision of a new air interface that is partially designed by AI to enable optimized communication schemes for any hardware, radio environment, and application.
Radical‐Transfer Hydroamination of Olefins with N‐Aminated Dihydropyridines (2011)

An efficient synthesis of N-phthalimidyl, benzamidyl, acetamidyl, carbamoyl, and ureayl derivatives of dihydropyridines and the application of these reagents as precursors for N-centered radicals are presented. These aminated dihydropyridines could be used in radical-transfer hydroamination reactions of various electron-rich as well as nonactivated olefins in the presence of thiols as polarity-reversal catalysts. These reactions worked without the aid of any transition metal. Steric and electronic effects exerted by the N-substituents of the N-centered radicals are discussed. In contrast to most metal-catalyzed processes, the radical hydroamination delivered the opposite regioisomer with excellent anti-Markovnikov selectivity. Hydroamination products were obtained as protected amines that are readily isolated.
Pulmonary Imaging and Analysis (2010)

The pulmonary (or respiratory) system is responsible for gas exchange between the external environment and the circulating blood supply in the body. The respiratory system contains a complex network of approximately 23 generations of branching arteries, veins, and airways that terminate in more than 280 billion capillaries and 300 million air sacs (alveoli). Rib cage and diaphragm muscles draw air into the lungs and then release air back to the atmosphere. The process of gas exchange is called ventilation, while the delivery of the blood supply to the lung capillary beds for gas exchange is termed perfusion. For effective gas exchange, there must be an approximate match between the regional ventilation and regional perfusion. Disease processes (e.g., cancer, emphysema, fibrosis, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, cystic fibrosis, etc.) disrupt normal gas exchange by, for instance, altering the elastic properties of the lung tissue, blocking airways or blood vessels, changing the diffusing capacity of gas exchange surfaces, modifying muscle function of the rib cage or diaphragm, or altering the central nervous system processes that govern respiration. Most disease processes are associated with slowly developing anatomical, physiological, and mechanical changes that evolve over time as tissues change their underlying material and physiologic properties. Furthermore, many of the pathologic features of lung disease only manifest themselves in the dynamic state of the system (such as airway collapse during active expiration). Imaging modalities can be used to evaluate and track disease processes by quantifying anatomical, mechanical, and functional properties. The challenge for pulmonary imaging is to obtain the spatial and temporal image resolution to capture early pathologic processes; the challenges for pulmonary image processing are to objectively and accurately quantitate the pathologic processes at early stages. From an engineering perspective, pulmonary imaging can be extremely demanding due to the complex, time-varying anatomy and the need to follow events dynamically and across time gaps that may be minutes, days, months, or years. This leads to a wealth of interesting image-processing challenges. This chapter is organized as follows. We first briefly discuss the major components of the pulmonary anatomy and the important clinical applications. In Section 16.2 we consider the major image processing and image analysis tasks in pulmonary medicine. For the most part, Section 16.2 introduces the interesting image processing problems, surveys possible solution approaches, and when possible, shows representative results. Much of the low-level image processing implementation detail has been covered previously in earlier chapters and is not repeated here. In Section 16.3 we discuss several important applications of pulmonary imaging.
Image Classification Based on the Combination of Text Features and Visual Features (2012)

With more and more text-image co-occurrence data becoming available on the Web, we are interested in how text especially Chinese context around images can aid image classification. The goal is to construct a classification system for images, and we used the context of the images to improve the classification system. First, we extracted three kinds of features, including global visual features, local visual features, and text features using both the image content and context. Then, we tried various feature combination methods and train classifiers for each kind of feature vector. Finally, we used a classifier fusion strategy based on weight learning, combining classifier outputs together, and we obtained the category of unlabeled images. In our experiments on the data set extracted from Google Image Search, we demonstrated the benefit of using context to help image classification. By comparing different feature combination methods on our feature set, we adopted the most effective one. Meanwhile, the classifier fusion approach improves the classification accuracy.
MIMO multiband antenna system combining resonant and nonresonant elements (2014)

Abstract Multi‐input and multi‐output (MIMO) technology will enable high‐data rates in wireless devices to allow speech and video calls to streaming media and web browsing all over a common platform. MIMO technology needs M antennas both in transmission and reception. Because the space in a wireless device is limited, including M antennas is a challenge. To face such challenge, a MIMO antenna system is proposed, which comprises a multiband monopole antenna (35 × 15 mm 2 ) and two small nonresonant elements, each one operating in a particular frequency region: 824–960 and 1710–2170 MHz. The size of each of the nonresonant elements is only 5 × 5 × 5 mm 3 . The proposed MIMO system is analyzed in terms of bandwidth, efficiency, correlation, and multiplexing efficiency. MIMO capacity is measured in a reverberation chamber considering a free‐space Rayleigh scenario and also including the effect of a phantom‐head and hand. The results reveal that the proposed MIMO system provides capacity close to the ideal bound, whereas having a small size and able to operate at several 2G, 3G, and 4G (long‐term evolution) standards. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1076–1084, 2014
Deleterious Ca-independent NOS activity after oxidative stress in rat striatum (1998)

The aim of this study was to assess whether oxidative stress induces deleterious NOS activity in the central nervous system (CNS). For this purpose, the mitochondrial toxin malonate, which promotes free radical production, was infused into the left striatum of rats. Forty-eight hours after injection, an increase in Ca-independent NOS activity was observed in the injected striatum. This increase was blocked by alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone, a free radical scavenger, and by aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of NOS 2. Both these drugs reduced the malonate-induced striatal necrotic volume. These results suggest that in the CNS oxidative stress can induce a Ca-independent NOS, probably of type 2, which contributes to the lesion.
Measuring physical impairment and disability with the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment. (1993)

This study confirms that the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment yields both reliable and valid results. With the evaluation study now completed, the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment can be used with confidence as both a clinical and a research tool that can discriminate among subjects and evaluate patient outcomes.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Pregnancy (1993)

Pregnancy has generally been considered a contraindication to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The authors present a case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a 37-year-old patient who was 18 weeks pregnant. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely accomplished during pregnancy, provided that the open technique of insertion of the first cannula is used, and all subsequent trocars be inserted under direct vision.
Practical versus theoretical management of autoimmune inner ear disease (1984)

Autoimmune inner ear disease is an uncommon but distinct clinical entity. Our ignorance of the immune mediating pathways, need of further animal model experimentation, variability of laboratory test results and of patient treatment responses illustrate how poorly we understand this disorder. The purpose of this review is to compare practical vs theoretical management of autoimmune inner ear disease, based upon our current knowledge of the disease process and upon a review of clinical experience at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Representative case histories are presented. The following preliminary conclusions are discussed: Autoimmune inner ear disease can present as a systemic or localized otologic immune disorder. Hearing loss can begin at any age, with unilateral or bilateral sudden onset, fluctuating or progressive symptoms, with or without associated dizziness. The pathogenesis of autoimmune inner ear disease is probably multifactorial (cellular and humoral). The sensitivity and specificity of different laboratory tests vary greatly, but even the most sensitive tests may be falsely normal when symptoms are not acute or when the patient is taking immunosuppressant medication. The mainstay of autoimmune inner ear treatment is steroids: however, cytotoxic drugs are recommended when there is no response to steroid treatment. Apheresis is reserved for selected cases. Hearing improvement can be dramatic even after 2 months of profound deafness. Flare-ups of autoimmune ear disease are best managed by increasing steroid dosage or adding cytotoxic medications. Unfortunately, some patients will develop progressive hearing loss despite vigorous treatment.
He-Ne laser stimulation of human fibroblast proliferation and attachment in vitro (1986)

Laboratory studies of biostimulation are predominantly of Eastern Block origin and for the most part are confined to measurements of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in E. coli, yeasts and transformed mammalian cells. Few of these studies have compared the effects induced by coherent versus incoherent sources and fewer provide sufficient details of the exposure regime to enable the work to be repeated. We, like many other laboratories, found the published claims unconvincing. Given our scepticism we have undertaken a series of pilot experiments in an attempt to highlight possible sources of error in previous studies. This paper reports our results and is an attempt to promote further discussion.
Masticatory Function with Implant-supported Overdentures (2004)

The type of attachment that is used in implant-supported mandibular overdentures may influence the retention and stability of the prosthesis and, thus, masticatory function. In this within-subject cross-over clinical trial, we examined the hypothesis that greater retention and stability of the overdenture improve the masticatory function. Eighteen edentulous subjects received 2 oral implants, a new overdenture, and, successively, 3 different suprastructure modalities: magnet, ball, and bar-clip. Masticatory performance, masticatory efficiency, and swallowing threshold were measured. The masticatory function significantly improved after implant treatment with each of the 3 attachments. We observed small differences in masticatory function among the 3 attachment types: slightly better masticatory performance with ball and bar-clip than with magnet attachments. The number of chewing cycles until swallowing hardly decreased after implant treatment. We conclude that significantly better masticatory performance, combined with a slightly smaller number of chewing cycles after implant treatment, results in smaller food particles being swallowed.
An Efficient Spatiotemporal Attention Model and Its Application to Shot Matching (2007)

Within the framework of spatiotemporal attention detection, this paper proposes an efficient method for focus of attention (FOA) detection which involves combining adaptively the spatial and motion attention to form an overall attention map. Without computing motion explicitly, it detects motion attention using the rank deficiency of grayscale gradient tensors. We also propose an attention-driven shot matching method using primarily FOA. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FOA detection method and the proposed shot matching approach outperforms other published methods.