gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State Space and ARMA Models: An Overview of the Equivalence (2024)

In this paper known results about the equivalence of state space and autoregressive moving-average models with exogenous inputs (ARMAX) (including vector auto-regressive or VAR models) are reviewed. While most of these results are not new, no single reference appears to bring together several important related points. In addition, the original references have used a variety of different conventions for time-shift and parameter signs, have usually not included exogenous inputs (or have not distinguished them from noise), and have frequently not distinguished algebraic equivalence transformations from the statistical estimation. Furthermore, an overview of the subject area reveals some important gaps in the theory. While the paper does not consider statistical estimation, it does suggest a subtle but important shift in methodology from the approach usually taken in econometrics. The traditional approach in econometrics has been to specify a representation based on economic theory, convert to a reduced form if necessary, impose identifiability constraints, and then estimate model parameters. If, on the one hand, forecasting is the final objective, this approach can work very well, though it is clear from the equivalence that it is not necessary to proceed in this order. On the other hand, if the eventual purpose is to use statistical hypothesis testing techniques to arrive at conclusions about the structure of the economy, then the equivalence can nullify many conclusions. In particular, it is often difficult or impossible to disentangle the statistical evidence from the implications imposed by the original economic theory used to specify the representation. The alternative methodology suggested by the equivalence examined in this paper is first to estimate the model using whatever representation is convenient for estimation, then to impose economic constraints on the representation. This approach will disentangle structural conclusions that are supported by statistical evidence from those which are implied by economic theory. Statistical tests are applicable only to results that are invariant across all equivalent representations. Economic theory must be used to reach conclusions that do not correspond to invariants of the equivalence class. This latter observation has some implications for continuing debates in the econometrics literature. Algorithms for model conversion and comparison are presented in an appendix.
Sweat Copper, Zinc, Iron, Magnesium and Chromium Levels in National Wrestler (2004)

This study was undertaken to evaluate sweat copper, zinc, iron, magnesium and chromium levels in 26 adult sportsmen (wrestlers) aged between 17-20 and average weight of 73 kg in Turkey. To eliminate the possibility of intestinal parasites that could be effective on element absorption, all subjects were examined for intestinal parasites. Sweat samples were collected at 50% VO2peak for 30 min while wrestlers trained at room the temperature (~27 &amp;amp;ordm;C, RH=51%) by the whole body method. All samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, magnesium and chromium were found to be 28.58&amp;amp;plusmn;3.3 &amp;amp;mu;g/dl, 42.6&amp;amp;plusmn;4.0 &amp;amp;mu;g/dl, 109.6&amp;amp;plusmn;8.5 &amp;amp;mu;g/dl, 53.15&amp;amp;plusmn;6.72 mg/dl and 10.31&amp;amp;plusmn;1.31 &amp;amp;mu;g/dl respectively. It appears that substantial quantities of trace elements are excreted in the sweat of those sweating during the training. These observations suggest that excretion of trace elements by sweating induces trace element decrease. Mineral elements, including magnesium, zinc, copper, iron and chromium are required by the body in modest amounts for the maintenance of health and for the development of optimal physiological function. For sportsmen, adequate amounts of these minerals are required for physical training and maximum performance. Key words: Copper, Zinc, Iron, Magnesium, Chromium, Sweat, And Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Glandulosides A−D, Triterpene Saponins from <i>Acanthophyllum glandulosum</i> (2004)

Four novel triterpenoid saponins, glandulosides A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), together with two known saponins (5 and 6) have been isolated from the roots of Acanthophyllum glandulosum. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR techniques (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC) and by FABMS. The new compounds were characterized as 23-O-beta-D-galactopyranosylgypsogenic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1), 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3-O-acetyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside (2), 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside (3), and 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[3-O-acetyl-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside (4).
A pure DNA hydrogel with stable catalytic ability produced by one-step rolling circle amplification (2017)

A rolling-circle-amplification method was developed to produce DNA hydrogels with horseradish-peroxidase-like catalytic capability. The catalytic hydrogel exhibits highly improved stability at elevated temperatures or during a long-term storage. Integrated with glucose oxidase, the complex hydrogel can be applied to the sensitive and reliable detection of glucose.
Improvements on the direct SCF method (1989)

Abstract Three improvements on the direct self‐consistent field method are proposed and tested which together increase CPU‐efficiency by about 50%: (i) selective storage of costly integral batches; (ii) improved integral bond for prescreening; (iii) decomposition of the current density matrix into a linear combination of previous density matrices—for which the two‐electron contributions to the Fock matrix are available—and a remainder ΔD, which is minimized; construction of the current Fock matrix only requires processing of the small ΔD which enhances prescreening.
Effects of tumor promoters on the frequency of metallothionein I gene amplification in cells exposed to cadmium. (1983)

Three potent tumor promoters of different classes, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, dihydroteleocidin B, and aplysiatoxin, and two moderate tumor promoters, mezerein and debromoaplysiatoxin, enhanced the frequency of appearance of cadmium-resistant Chinese hamster lung cells when the cells were exposed to cytotoxic levels of CdCl2. With these compounds, the activity to induce cadmium-resistant cells correlated well with the potency of tumor-promoting activity. Cadmium resistance, which persisted after removal of the tumor promoters, was associated with the overproduction of metallothionein I messenger RNA. The amplified metallothionein I genes were shown by Southern blotting experiments. The relevance of the gene amplification caused by tumor promoters is discussed in relation to cancer development and progression.
Cyclic diquaternary ammoniums for nanocrystalline BEA, MTW and MFI zeolites with intercrystalline mesoporosity (2009)

3,10-Diazoniabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadeca-12,14,15-triene-3,3,10,10-tetramethyl-dichloride is an effective structure-directing agent for BEA zeolite under a high concentration of Na+. The pseudomorphic crystallization process led to nanocrystalline BEA particles possessing a large volume of intercrystalline mesopores. The synthesis of nanocrystalline zeolite has been extended to other cyclic diammonium compounds that can generate BEA, MTW and MFI zeolite structures. Phase diagrams for these nanocrystalline zeolites have been constructed using sodium silicate as a silica source. The nanocrystalline morphologies and intercrystalline mesoporosity have been characterized by electron microscopy and N2 adsorption. The result indicates that the pseudomorphic crystallization process is limited to BEA, and not MTW or MFI despite their nanocrystalline morphologies.
Fractionation of commercial frying oil samples using sep‐pak cartridges (1986)

Abstract Commercial frying oil samples were fractionated by column chromatography on hydrated silicic acid according to the standardized DGF‐IUPAC‐AOAC method. The non‐polar fraction was isolated using a mixture of petroleum ether:diethyl ether (87:13), while the polar fraction was eluted by diethyl ether. These used frying oil samples were also fractionated using Sep‐Pak cartridges. The non‐polar fraction was eluted with 20 ml of a mixture of petroleum ether:diethyl ether (92:8), while the polar fraction was eluted with methanol. The purity of each fraction was studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and by the Iatroscan TLC/FID system using a mixture of hexane:tetrahydrofuran:acetic acid (97:3:1) as solvent system. The Sep‐Pak and the standardized methods gave similar results. This indicates that the state of degradation of a frying oil (detection of polar components) could be studied using Sep‐Pak cartridges, which is less time‐ and solvent‐consuming than column chromatography.
Valence-band anticrossing in mismatched III-V semiconductor alloys (2007)

We show that the band gap bowing trends observed in III-V alloys containing dilute concentrations of Sb or Bi can be explained within the framework of the valence-band anticrossing model. Hybridization of the extended $p$-like states comprising the valence band of the host semiconductor with the close-lying localized $p$-like states of Sb or Bi leads to a nonlinear shift of the valence-band edge and a reduction of the band gap. The two alloys $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{x}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ and $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{Bi}}_{x}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ are explored in detail, and the results are extrapolated to additional systems.
Grapefruit juice–drug interactions (1998)

The novel finding that grapefruit juice can markedly augment oral drug bioavailability was based on an unexpected observation from an interaction study between the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, felodipine, and ethanol in which grapefruit juice was used to mask the taste of the ethanol. Subsequent investigations showed that grapefruit juice acted by reducing presystemic felodipine metabolism through selective post-translational down regulation of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) expression in the intestinal wall. Since the duration of effect of grapefruit juice can last 24 h, repeated juice consumption can result in a cumulative increase in felodipine AUC and Cmax. The high variability of the magnitude of effect among individuals appeared dependent upon inherent differences in enteric CYP3A4 protein expression such that individuals with highest baseline CYP3A4 had the highest proportional increase. At least 20 other drugs have been assessed for an interaction with grapefruit juice. Medications with innately low oral bioavailability because of substantial presystemic metabolism mediated by CYP3A4 appear affected by grapefruit juice. Clinically relevant interactions seem likely for most dihydropyridines, terfenadine, saquinavir, cyclosporin, midazolam, triazolam and verapamil and may also occur with lovastatin, cisapride and astemizole. The importance of the interaction appears to be influenced by individual patient susceptibility, type and amount of grapefruit juice and administration-related factors. Although in vitro findings support the flavonoid, naringin, or the furanocoumarin, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, as being active ingredients, a recent investigation indicated that neither of these substances made a major contribution to grapefruit juice-drug interactions in humans.
A 'cloud-free' security model for cloud computing (2009)

Characterised by low investment cost, economies of scale, open standards and sustainability, cloud computing is being increasingly adopted by organisations. This paper presents the development of a comprehensive model that highlights the security impacts of cloud computing on organisations' information security strategies. The 'cloud-free' security model symbolises a computing model with a low level of uncertainty regarding security concerns. Using theoretical frameworks and deploying the analytic hierarchy process as a quantitative method technique, the model will be both validated and assessed. The model can be applied in assessing the security issues emanating from cloud computing, identifying the security countermeasures needed to address these issues and coordinating the efforts of the various participants to enhance information security in organisations adopting cloud computing. This contribution is believed to be useful to practitioners, academicians and researchers in the information security and cloud computing research streams.
In-vitro activity of azithromycin against various Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria (1990)

The MICs of azithromycin, erythromycin and roxithromycin were determined (by an agar dilution method) for 65 strains of Gram-negative bacteria responsible for endocarditis and gastrointestinal infections, for 20 strains of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria and for 16 strains of anaerobic bacteria. The MICs of azithromycin were up to eight times lower than those of erythromycin and (except in the case of Flavobacterium spp.) up to 16 times lower than those of roxithromycin. Azithromycin was ineffective against strains showing a high degree of erythromycin resistance.
Selective Functionalization and Spectral Identification of Gold Nanopyramids (2007)

This paper reports the selective functionalization of gold nanopyramids and spectral identification of their orientation on a surface. Facile asymmetric functionalization of the nanopyramids with different thiol-terminated ligands was achieved by controlling the etching conditions of the nanopyramidal template. We confirmed this differential modification by attaching gold colloids to either the inner or outer surfaces of the Au nanopyramids using hybridized DNA. Significantly, we have also demonstrated that the relative orientation of the nanopyramids can be identified by measuring their scattering spectra only. This unique capability of these three-dimensional, asymmetric particles enables their orientation to be determined in condensed media without the need for direct and destructive imaging tools.
POSEIDON: a 2-tier Anomaly-based Network Intrusion Detection System (2006)

We present POSEIDON, a new anomaly-based network intrusion detection system. POSEIDON is payload-based, and has a two-tier architecture: the first stage consists of a self-organizing map, while the second one is a modified PAYL system. Our benchmarks on the 1999 DARPA data set show a higher detection rate and lower number of false positives than PAYL and PHAD
<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of the effects of interleukins 2, 4 and 7 on enhancing the immunotherapeutic efficacy of anti‐tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1991)

The draining lymph nodes of mice injected with viable syngeneic tumor cells contain lymphoid cells capable of generating anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) during a 4-day in vitro culture period and intravenous infusion of relatively low numbers of these CTL can effectively eliminate a challenge of fibrosarcoma cells at distal skin sites that would otherwise result in the death of the host. Using this model system the effects of addition of interleukin (IL) 2, IL4 or IL7 to the culture medium on the therapeutic efficacy of the anti-tumor CTL generated was investigated. In this regard, IL7 was found to be the most potent of the cytokines tested. Addition of IL7 either alone, or in combination with low doses of IL2, resulted in the generation of CTL with significantly (6-8-fold) enhanced therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Anti-tumor effector cells generated in the presence of IL7 were also found to be at least 4-fold more effective at eliminating established tumors than CTL generated in medium alone. Of the other cytokines tested, addition of IL2 resulted in elevated CTL activity in vitro, but only a modest (approximately 2-3-fold) enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Addition of IL4, either alone or in combination with IL2, also resulted in the generation of effector cells with enhanced tumoricidal activity in vitro and yet the therapeutic efficacy of these cells was decreased compared to that of CTL generated in medium alone. These observations indicate that (a) inclusion of IL7 in the medium in which tumor-reactive T cells are cultured can markedly enhance the immunotherapeutic efficacy of the resulting effector cell populations; and (b) in vitro assays of tumoricidal activity cannot be used as a reliable predictor of therapeutic efficacy in vivo.
Is an assay for simultaneous detection of hepatitis C virus core antigen and antibody a valuable alternative to nucleic acid testing? (2005)

This new developed assay presents an improvement for the detection of HCV infection, especially in the early phase of infection when antibodies are undetectable. Although less sensitive than NAT, this assay could be a suitable solution for blood screening in developing countries where NAT (or HCV core antigen-specific assay) is not affordable or its implementation is not feasible.
Antioxidant Active Compounds from Elaeocarpussylvestris and their Relationship between Structure and Activity (2015)

Three antioxidantactivecompounds from methanolic extract of Elaeocarpussylvestrisleaves are isolated by column chromatography and preparative TLC. Based on instrumental analysis, the compounds are identified as ellagic acid (1), gallic acid (2), and methyl gallate (3). The compounds have good antioxidant activity on scavenging DPPH radicals, reducing power and β-carotene bleaching assays. Further analysis of relationship between structures and activity of isolated compounds and fourteenbenzoic acid derivatives are also investigated. The result shows thatnumber and position of phenolic hydroxyl groups are important forantioxidant activity, particularly in ortho and para position. This study suggests that methanolic extract of E. sylvestris is potential as a natural antioxidant source.
Prediction of crack growth in aircraft engine bleed air ducts using finite element and crack growth analysis (2006)

Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
Bridging GPS Gaps in Urban Canyons: The Benefits of ZUPTs (2001)

This paper describes a study which looked at the impact of zero velocity updates (ZUPTs) on navigation accuracy in urban canyons. Focus was on the speed and reliability of ambiguity resolution supported by periodic ZUPTs. The paper also presents an analysis of the positioning errors after ZUPT events versus unaided and GPS/inertial navigation system (INS) results. The observability aspects of static INS calibration are also briefly addressed.
General Purpose Computing with Reconfigurable Acceleration (2010)

In this paper we describe a new generic approach for accelerating software functions using a reconfigurable device connected through a high-speed link to a general purpose system. As opposed to related ISA extension approaches, we insert system calls to the original program at hand to control the reconfigurable accelerator. The reconfigurable device is controlled by the host through a device driver, and initiates communication by raising interrupts; it further has direct accesses to the main memory (DMA) operating in the virtual address space. To do so, the reconfigurable device supports address translation, memory protection and paging, while the driver serves the device interrupts, and ensures that shared data in the host-cache remain coherent. The system is implemented in a machine which provides a Hyper Transport bus connecting a Xilinx Virtex4-100 FPGA.
Complement Resistance-Related Traits among Escherichia coli Isolates from Apparently Healthy Birds and Birds with Colibacillosis (2000)

In this study, 294 Escherichia coli isolates from birds with colibacillosis were collected from disease outbreaks throughout the United States and were compared with 75 fecal E. coli isolates of apparently healthy chickens by their possession of several purported virulence genes, resistance to rough-lipopolysaccharide-specific bacteriophages (rLPSr), and elaboration of capsule. Traits were selected for study on the basis of their association with complement resistance. The genes targeted in this study included those encoding colicin V (cvaC) and the outer membrane proteins TraT (traT), OmpA (ompA), and Iss (iss). No significant differences were found between the two groups of isolates in the occurrence of cvaC-, traT-, or ompA-homologous sequences or in rLPSr. Only a few isolates were encapsulated, and the isolates of healthy birds were significantly more likely to be encapsulated than were the isolates of sick birds. However, iss, whether detected through hybridization or amplification, was found in more of the disease-associated isolates than in those of healthy birds. This difference was highly significant. Further, iss sequences were widely distributed among isolates of different serotypes from various avian host species and sites within these hosts. Such results suggest that possession of the iss sequence by an avian E. coli isolate may be a good indicator of that isolate's potential to cause disease. This association warrants further study because iss and the protein it encodes may be useful targets of future colibacillosis control efforts.
Highly Liquid-Repellent, Large-Area, Nanostructured Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Poly(ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) Composite Coatings: Particle Filler Effects (2010)

Super-repellent nanostructured composite coatings applied over large areas by spray and subsequent thermal treatment are reported. Solution blending of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) is implemented to formulate filler particle dispersions used to apply these coatings. The wettability of these coatings is manipulated using hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and hydrophilic zinc oxide particle fillers or their combination. The resulting coatings feature contact angles up to 164 degrees for water and 154 degrees for a water and isopropyl alcohol mixture (9:1 weight ratio; surface tension approximately 40 mN/m). A self-cleaning ability is revealed by droplet roll-off angles below 10 degrees . The results show that the fillers affect the coating surface energy and surface roughness, in turn influencing the wettability of the coatings.
Teaching Across Management Disciplines with Board Games (2011)

This session presents how we have used a variety of board games in several different management related courses, including Organizational Behavior, Human Resource Management, Business Problem Solving, and Strategic Management. Using five board games, this workshop illustrates how to: 1) creatively use existing board games to reinforce course terms and concepts; 2) modify board games for teaching more complex concepts; and 3) create new board games to illustrate additional course concepts. Takeaways include sheets giving directions for using each game as well as tips on debriefing the games to relate them to course concepts.
Hemin/G-quadruplexes as DNAzymes for the fluorescent detection of DNA, aptamer–thrombin complexes, and probing the activity of glucose oxidase (2011)

Hemin/G-quadruplex catalyzes the H2O2-mediated oxidation of Amplex Red to the fluorescent product resorufin. This process is implemented to develop hairpin nucleic acid structures for the detection of DNA, to probe the catalytic activity of glucose oxidase, to use the thrombin–aptamer complex as a catalytic readout structure, and to quantitatively analyze telomere chain composition.
Influence of surface soil moisture on spectral reflectance of bare soil in the 0.4 – 15 μm domain (2009)

International audience