gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering the Electromagnetic Properties of Periodic Nanostructures Using Electrostatic Resonances (2004)

Electromagnetic properties of periodic two-dimensional subwavelength structures consisting of closely packed inclusions of materials with negative dielectric permittivity epsilon in a dielectric host with positive epsilon(h) can be engineered using the concept of multiple electrostatic resonances. Fully electromagnetic solutions of Maxwell's equations reveal multiple wave propagation bands, with the wavelengths much longer than the nanostructure period. Some of these bands are described using the quasistatic theory of the effective dielectric permittivity epsilon(qs). Those bands exhibit multiple cutoffs and resonances which are found to be related to each other through a duality condition. An additional propagation band characterized by a negative magnetic permeability is found. Imaging with subwavelength resolution in that band is demonstrated.
Complex muscle vibration patterns to induce gait-like lower-limb movements: Proof of concept (2014)

Muscle vibrations can induce motor responses and illusions of complex movements. However, inducing gait-like cyclical movements and illusions requires the application of multiple fast alternating vibrations to lower-limb muscles. The objectives were (1) to test the feasibility of delivering complex vibrations in a time-organized manner and (2) to illustrate the possibility of inducing alternate gait-in-place-like movements using these vibrations. Patterns of vibration, produced by 12 vibrators applied bilaterally on the flexor and extensor muscle groups of the lower limbs, were based on normal gait kinematics. We tested 1 s and 2 s cycle patterns of vibration. Vibrator responses were assessed using auto- and crosscorrelations and frequency analyses based on accelerometry measurements, and compared between patterns. High auto- (>0.8) and crosscorrelation (>0.6) coefficients demonstrated a good response by the vibrators to the control signal. Vibrations induced cyclical, low-amplitude stepping-in-place movements that mimicked alternate walking movements with both legs, with 1 s and 2 s cycle durations, in one nondisabled participant and one participant with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale B spinal cord injury standing, relaxed, with body-weight support. Electromechanical vibrators can deliver complex cyclical vibrations and trigger gait-like lower-limb movements. These results warrant the application of these vibration patterns on individuals with sensorimotor impairments to test their potential in gait rehabilitation.
Controlling cell–cell interactions using surface acoustic waves (2014)

The interactions between pairs of cells and within multicellular assemblies are critical to many biological processes such as intercellular communication, tissue and organ formation, immunological reactions, and cancer metastasis. The ability to precisely control the position of cells relative to one another and within larger cellular assemblies will enable the investigation and characterization of phenomena not currently accessible by conventional in vitro methods. We present a versatile surface acoustic wave technique that is capable of controlling the intercellular distance and spatial arrangement of cells with micrometer level resolution. This technique is, to our knowledge, among the first of its kind to marry high precision and high throughput into a single extremely versatile and wholly biocompatible technology. We demonstrated the capabilities of the system to precisely control intercellular distance, assemble cells with defined geometries, maintain cellular assemblies in suspension, and translate these suspended assemblies to adherent states, all in a contactless, biocompatible manner. As an example of the power of this system, this technology was used to quantitatively investigate the gap junctional intercellular communication in several homotypic and heterotypic populations by visualizing the transfer of fluorescent dye between cells.
Algorithm and Architecture Design of the H.265/HEVC Intra Encoder (2015)

Improved video coding techniques introduced in the H.265/High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard allow video encoders to achieve better compression efficiencies. On the other hand, the increased complexity requires a new design methodology able to face challenges associated with ever higher spatiotemporal resolutions. This paper presents a computationally scalable algorithm and its hardware architecture able to support intra encoding up to 2160p@30 frames/s resolution. The scalability allows a tradeoff between the throughput and the compression efficiency. In particular, the encoder is able to check a variable number of candidate modes. The rate estimation based on bin counting and the distortion estimation in the transform domain simplify the rate-distortion analysis and enable the evaluation of a great number of candidate intra modes. The encoder preselects candidate modes by the processing of 8 × 8 predictions computed from original samples. The preselection shares hardware resources used for the processing of predictions generated from reconstructed samples. To support intra 4×4 modes for the 2160p@30 frames/s resolution, the encoder incorporates a separate reconstruction loop. The processing of blocks with different sizes is interleaved to compensate for the delay of reconstruction loops. Implementation results show that the encoder utilizes 1086k gates and 52-kB on-chip memories for TSMC 90 nm. The main reconstruction loop can operate at 400 MHz, whereas the remaining modules work at 200 MHz. For 2160p@30 frames/s videos, the average BD-rate is 5.46% compared with that of the HM software.
Morphology of Paraphenylenediamine‐Aniline Conducting Copolymers (1989)

Abstract Electrooxidation of aniline on conductive substrates, in an aqueous chloride electrolyte at low pH, produces adherent polyaniline (PANI) films. In the initial stage of polymerization the films exhibit a uniform globular microstructure which evolves to a fibrous deposit for thicker films. Although paraphenylenediamine (PPDA) itself does not electropolymerise to give a well defined electroactive film, in small admixtures it can modify dramatically the morphology of the copolymer with aniline. PPDA evidently promoted nucleation and cross‐linking during the electropolymerisation. Electrochemical characteristics and SEM micrographs of the doped PANI films are presented.
Beneficial actions of CP-0127, a novel bradykinin receptor antagonist, in murine traumatic shock (1994)

We studied the effects of CP-0127, a novel bradykinin receptor antagonist, in a rat model of traumatic shock. Pentobarbital-anesthetized rats subjected to Noble-Collip drum trauma developed a shock state characterized by marked hypotension, significant increases in plasma-free amino-nitrogen (8.6 +/- 0.97 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.15 U/ml in control rats) and intestinal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (2.7 +/- 0.33 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.03 U/100 mg control rats, intestinal tissue), and a survival time of only 110 +/- 9 min. Moreover, superior mesenteric artery (SMA) rings isolated from rats subjected to traumatic shock relaxed to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh) significantly less than rings isolated from control rats (21 +/- 4 vs. 92 +/- 4%, P < 0.001). Administration of CP-0127 at a dose of 10 mg/kg subcutaneously completely blocked the hypotensive response to 2.5 micrograms/kg bradykinin injected intravenously in sham traumatic shock rats. CP-0127 given immediately posttrauma prolonged survival time to 219 +/- 27 min (P < 0.01) and attenuated the increases in plasma-free amino-nitrogen (3.7 +/- 0.41 U/ml, P < 0.01) and tissue MPO activities (1.2 +/- 0.71 U/100 mg intestinal tissue, P < 0.05). Furthermore, SMA endothelial function was significantly preserved (relaxation to ACh: 57 +/- 6%, P < 0.01) in CP-0127-treated traumatic shock rats. These results indicate that bradykinin plays an important role in tissue injury associated with traumatic shock and that CP-0127 affords significant protection, which may be achieved through inhibition of neutrophil-endothelial interaction and protection of vascular endothelial function.
Development and Subsequent Refinement of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire: A Quality-of-Life Instrument for Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1999)

The IBDQ is a valid, reliable, and sensitive measure that can be meaningfully applied in clinical trials. The short IBDQ may also be useful in clinical research and office practice.
The Role of Cellular Accumulation in Determining Sensitivity to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (2007)

The platinum (Pt) drugs cisplatin and carboplatin are heavily employed in chemotherapy regimens; however, similar to other classes of drugs, a number of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms hamper their effectiveness. The method by which Pt drugs enter cells has traditionally been attributed to simple passive diffusion. However, recent evidence suggests a number of active uptake and efflux mechanisms are at play, and altered regulation of these transporters is responsible for the reduced accumulation of drug in resistant cells. This review suggests a model that helps reconcile the disparate literature by describing multiple pathways for Pt-containing drugs into and out of the cell.
Human killer cells and natural killer cells: distinct subpopulations of Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes. (1980)

Unstimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were depleted of K cells, which mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) without removing NK cells, which mediate natural killing (NK). K cell depletion was achieved by buoyant centrifugation removal of lymphocytes that bound to glutaraldehyde-treated P815-AB cells at high lymphocyte-to-target ratios. Likewise, NK cells were removed with glutaraldehyde-treated K562 cells without removing K cells. Furthermore, both cytotoxic cell populations were observed directly in one agarose single-cell cytotoxic assay (ASCA) using P815-AB and K562 cells simultaneously as target cells. Moreover, the percentage of total cytotoxic cells was equal to the sum of the percentage of K and NK cells observed in separate ASCA. Collectively, these results indicate that K cells and NK cells are distinct subsets of FcR-bearing lymphocytes. One subset, K cells, has more avid Fc receptors (fcR) than NK cells and are 'activated' via thier FcR to kill antibody-coated target cells. The second subset, NK cells, have less avid FcR and are not 'activated' through their FcR to kill antibody-coated target cells.
Coalescence-Induced Jumping of Multiple Condensate Droplets on Hierarchical Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2016)

Coalescence-induced jumping of condensate droplets from a superhydrophobic surface with hierarchical micro/nanoscale roughness is quantitatively characterized. Experimental observations show that the condensate droplet jumping is induced by coalescence of multiple droplets of different sizes, and that the coalesced droplet trajectories typically deviate from the surface normal. A depth-from-defocus image processing technique is developed to track the out-of-plane displacement of the jumping droplets, so as to accurately measure the droplet size and velocity. The results demonstrate that the highest jumping velocity is achieved when two droplets coalesce. The jumping velocity decreases gradually with an increase in the number of coalescing droplets, despite the greater potential surface energy released upon coalescence. A general theoretical model that accounts for viscous dissipation, surface adhesion, line tension, the initial droplet wetting states, and the number and sizes of the coalescing droplets is developed to explain the trends of droplet jumping velocity observed in the experiments.
Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (2011)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive of human malignancies. In the United States, more than 37,000 people develop pancreatic adenocarcinoma each year, and almost all are expected to die from this disease [1], which is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in the country [2]. In Europe, about 40,000 deaths from pancreatic cancer are observed each year [3]. Median survival is only eight to twelve months for patients with locally advanced disease and three to six months for patients with metastatic disease, regardless of the therapy chosen. The overall survival rate is less than 5% [2]. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for pancreatic cancer. Unfortunately, the disease typically presents late, and therefore by the time a diagnosis is made, only a limited number of patients are candidates for pancreatectomy [4]. In large series of patients, only 5% to 22% were found to have resectable tumors at diagnosis, owing to the presence of advanced local tumor growth, peritoneal spread, or hepatic metastases [5, 6].
Lack of a phenotype in transgenic mice aberrantly expressing COL2A1 mRNA because of highly selective post-transcriptional down-regulation (2000)

We reported previously that a 1.9-kb 5'-fragment from the human COL1A1 gene drove transcription of a promoterless human COL2A1 gene in tissues of transgenic mice that normally express the COL1A1 but not the COL2A1 gene. In the present study, we have established that the aberrant transcription of the COL2A1 gene did not produce any gross or microscopic phenotype, because the transcripts were not efficiently translated in cells that do not normally express the COL2A1 gene. In two lines of transgenic mice, the mRNA levels from the transgene were 30% to 45% of the mRNA for the proalpha1(I) chain of type I procollagen, the most abundant mRNA in the same tissues. Analysis of collagens extracted from skin of the transgenic mice indicated that triple-helical type II collagen, with the normal pattern of cyanogen bromide peptides, was synthesized from the transgene. However, the level of type II collagen in skin was less than 2% of the level of type I collagen. Hybridization in situ indicated the presence of mRNA for both COL2A1 and COL1A1 in the same cells. Immunofluorescence staining for type II collagen, however, was negative in the same tissues. The results, therefore, indicated that many mesenchymal cells in the transgenic mice had high steady-state levels of the homologous mRNAs for type I and type II procollagen, but only the mRNAs for type I procollagen were efficiently translated.
Database-aided energy savings in next generation dual connectivity heterogeneous networks (2014)

This paper studies potential energy savings that can be realized in dual connectivity heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with densely deployed small cells. Using the Phantom Cell Concept (PCC) as a reference architecture, a novel database-aided mechanism is introduced to provide macro cell-controlled sleep mode functionality to small cells. System level simulations show that a system with this capability can yield energy savings of up to 40% and throughput gains of about 25% in dense deployment scenarios compared to a system where no energy savings scheme is implemented.
On the Supposed Isoindole Synthesis from<u>o</u>-Tolunitrile (1974)

Abstract A recent communication1 in this journal reported the reaction of o-tolunitrile with sodium in tetrahydrofuran to yield a compound, m.p. 123.5–124°, to which was assigned the isoindole structure 1. A plausible mechanism can be written for the formation of 1 involving reductive dimerization of the cyano groups of two molecules of the nitrile, subsequent 1,5-hydrogen shift from a methyl group, disrotatory electrocyclic isoindole ring closure, and finally air oxidation and tautomerization to 1. Nevertheless, the evidence presented did not require an isoindole structure. Moreover, it would be unusual for a primary enamine to survive.
Identification of two distinct synucleins from human brain (1994)

Two abundant proteins of 140 and 134 amino acids were purified and sequenced from human brain. They were identified through their reactivity on immunoblots with a partially characterised monoclonal antibody that recognises tau protein in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The 140 amino acid protein is identical with the precursor of the non-A beta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid which in turn is highly homologous to synuclein from Torpedo electroplaques and rat brain. The 134 amino acid protein is the human homologue of bovine phosphoneuroprotein 14; it is 61% identical in sequence to the 140 amino acid protein. The previously unrecognised homology between these two proteins defines a family of human brain synucleins. We refer to the 140 and 134 amino acid proteins as alpha-synuclein and beta-synuclein, respectively. Both synucleins are expressed predominantly in brain, where they are concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals.
Temperature dependence of the photostimulated luminescence of X-irradiate BaFBr:Eu<sup>2+</sup> (1990)

The temperature dependence of the luminescence from Eu 2+ activators in BaFBr:Eu2+ photostimulated between 10 and 300 K in the optical absorptions of F centres produced by room temperature X-irradiation, revealed two thermally-activated processes. The photostimulated luminescence (PSL) increases sharply in intensity when excited between 60 and 100 K. After the low-temperature PSL is exhausted by continuous F centre excitation, it can be almost entirely regained by warming the crystal to 300 K. This thermal cycle can be repeated several times. It is shown by EPR that no Eu3+ is formed upon X-irradiation at 300 K. These results are explained with a model for the PSL mechanism which involves a loose aggregate of Eu2+, F, and hole centres.
Object Detection in Flatland (2009)

Given a rectangle with emitters and receivers on its perimeter, one can detect objects in it by determining which of the line segments between emitters and receivers are blocked by objects. The problem of object detection can be formulated as the problem of finding all non-empty n-wedge intersections, where a wedge is defined by a consecutive set of blocked line segments from the same emitter. We show that for a given set of wedges, one emanating from each emitter, we can determine the intersection (i.e., the convex polygon) in time linear in the number of wedges, assuming some given ordering of the wedges. We present two algorithms that efficiently determine all non-empty n-wedge intersections, assuming that objects are sufficiently large.
Temporal annotation-based audio source separation using weighted nonnegative matrix factorization (2014)

We consider an emerging user-guided audio source separation approach based on the temporal annotation of the source activity along the mixture. In this baseline algorithm nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is usually used as spectral model for audio sources. In this paper we propose two weighting strategies incorporated in the NMF formulation so as to better exploit the annotation. We then derive the corresponding multiplicative update (MU) rules for the parameter estimation. The proposed approach was objectively evaluated within the fourth community-based Signal Separation Evaluation Campaign (SiSEC 2013) and shown to outperform the baseline algorithm, while obtaining comparable result to some other state-of-the-art methods.
Algebraic Topology: An Introduction. (1968)

William S. Massey Professor Massey, born in Illinois in 1920, received his bachelor's degree from the University of Chicago and then served for four years in the U.S. Navy during World War II. After the War he received his Ph.D. from Princeton University and spent two additional years there as a post-doctoral research assistant. He then taught for ten years on the faculty of Brown University, and moved to his present position at Yale in 1960. He is the author of numerous research articles on algebraic topology and related topics. This book developed from lecture notes of courses taught to Yale undergraduate and graduate students over a period of several years.
Calculations for the measure of the achievable phase noise reduction by the utilization of optimized multiloop opto-electronic oscillators (2005)

This paper is concerned with the analization of the real operation of optimized multiloop opto-electronic oscillator. Preceding works of the authors have proven the validity of a beneficial modification of the conventional opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) configuration. By the optimization of its multiloop structure one may easily achieve significant phase noise suppression in the output signal of the oscillator. Recent study aims for getting explicit expressions for describing this enhancement in the operation. Mathematical results are also supported by measurement results, also introduced.
Adaptive Line Size Cache for Irregular References on Cell Multicore Processor (2010)

Software cache promises to achieve programmability on Cell processor. However, irregular references couldn’t achieve a considerable performance improvement since the cache line is always set to a specific size. In this paper, we propose an adaptive cache line prefetching strategy which continuously adjusts cache line size during application execution. Therefore, the transferred data is decreased significantly. Moreover, a corresponding software cache - adaptive line size cache is designed. It introduces a hybrid Tag Entry Arrays, with each mapping to a different line size. It’s a hierarchical design in that the misshandler is not invoked immediately when an address is a miss in the short line Tag Entry Array. Instead, the long line Tag Entry Array is checked first, which significantly increases the hit rate. Evaluations indicate that improvement due to the adaptive cache line strategy translates into 3.29 to 5.73 speedups compared to the traditional software cache approach.
Hydrologic Models Used for Water Resource and Salinity Management in the River Murray System (2003)

The Murray-Darling Basin Commission has agreed to use the IQQM model developed by the New South Wales Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources to produce a fully integrated -daily model of the River Murray System for use in water resource planning. However, because this is a major project, the Commission has, as an interim measure, recently linked its Monthly Simulation Model (MSM) with its daily flow and salinity routing model (BIGMOD) within a Visual Basic graphical user interface to provide a daily modelling capability for the Living Murray Project and the Basin Salinity Management Strategy. Under this modelling framework, the MSM is maintained to undertake resource assessment, operations planning, irrigation demand estimation and water accounting on a monthly time step. The output from MSM is used by BIGMOD to route flows and salinities down the river on a daily time step incorporating the rules used for the daily operation of the River System. This modelling framework enables the Commission to model daily flow and salinity throughout the River Murray System from Dartmouth Dam to the Murray Mouth. Daily flows can be modelled from 1891 to 2000 and salinity can be modelled for the twenty five years from 1975. This is a significant improvement over the previous system which provided only the ten years of salinity modelling and output only monthly flows. The extension of the daily data and the linking of daily and monthly models provided significant challenges. This paper discusses the linkage of the monthly and daily models, the flow and salinity routing algorithms used, the calibration of the models, the estimation of salt inflows in the river system and the use of the models to carry out studies on issues such as environmental flows. The paper concludes with a discussion of future modelling needs.