gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E2 Stimulates the β-Catenin/T Cell Factor-dependent Transcription in Colon Cancer (2005)

Cyclooxygenase and its derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) have been shown to stimulate the growth of cancer cells and promote tumor angiogenesis. Here, we show that PGE2 activated the beta-catenin/T cell factor-dependent transcription in colon cancer cells through the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway. The expression of cyclin D1 and vascular endothelial growth factor was induced by PGE2 in LS-174T cells. Moreover, PGE2 and mutated beta-catenin stimulated the transcription of cyclin D1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in a synergistic fashion. Mechanistically, PGE2 increased the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 and consequently accumulated beta-catenin. In addition, PGE2 induced the expression of T cell factor-4 transcription factor, which formed transcriptionally active complex with beta-catenin. In animal experiments, administration of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 strongly increased the expression of cyclin D1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in APC(min/+) mouse polyps. Thus, our results provide a novel mechanism, suggesting that cyclooxygenase-2/PGE2 may exert pro-oncogenic actions through stimulating the beta-catenin/T cell factor-mediated transcription, which plays critical roles in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Models Matter, So Does Training: An Empirical Study of CNNs for Optical Flow Estimation (2018)

We investigate two crucial and closely related aspects of CNNs for optical flow estimation: models and training. First, we design a compact but effective CNN model, called PWC-Net, according to simple and well-established principles: pyramidal processing, warping, and cost volume processing. PWC-Net is 17 times smaller in size, 2 times faster in inference, and 11\% more accurate on Sintel final than the recent FlowNet2 model. It is the winning entry in the optical flow competition of the robust vision challenge. Next, we experimentally analyze the sources of our performance gains. In particular, we use the same training procedure of PWC-Net to retrain FlowNetC, a sub-network of FlowNet2. The retrained FlowNetC is 56\% more accurate on Sintel final than the previously trained one and even 5\% more accurate than the FlowNet2 model. We further improve the training procedure and increase the accuracy of PWC-Net on Sintel by 10\% and on KITTI 2012 and 2015 by 20\%. Our newly trained model parameters and training protocols will be available on https://github.com/NVlabs/PWC-Net
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Valent Titanium Induced Reductive Coupling of Nitriles with Nitro Compounds. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Post explosion analysis of explosives by mass spectrometric methods (1986)

Abstract The Analysis of trace amounts of explosives from post-explosion debris–one of the most difficult problems in forensic chemistry-is still carried out in many laboratories by chromatographic methods only. In recent years several new methods have been applied to the analysis of explosives. These include mass spectrometric methods (GC/MS, LC/MS and MS/MS) and NMR methods. The possible application of these methods to post-explosion analysis is discussed and various aspects of the techniques are reviewed and compared. The choice of capillary column GC/MS as a routine method in the Israel Police laboratory is explained and examples from actual cases are given.
The Heterogeneity of Mouse‐Chromatin Nonhistone Proteins as Evidenced by Two‐Dimensional Polyacrylamide‐Gel Electrophoresis and Ion‐Exchange Chromatography (1974)

A two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis procedure employing a combination of isoelectric focusing and dodecylsulfate electrophoresis has been used to analyse the components of 32 P‐labelled nonhistone protein fractions obtained by the chromatography of salt‐urea dissociated chromatins on hydroxyapatite. In this way the nonhistone proteins eluted from hydroxyapatite by 0.05 M phosphate (fraction H2) have been found to consist of a heterogeneous mixture of components of a molecular weight range of 15000 to 200000 and to have isoelectric points between pH 4.5 and 9. The components of the fraction eluted from hydroxyapatite by 0.2 M phosphate (fraction H3) appeared to consist of a smaller group of proteins with a molecular weight range similar to that of the H2 proteins but whose isoelectric points lay between pH 2 and 6. Both fractions consisted of a mixture of phoshorylated and nonphosphorylated protein species. Comparison of the components of H2 and H3 protein fractions by this electrophoretic procedure showed that many of the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated proteins were common to mouse liver, kidney and brain chromatins. Only a few species were found to be tissue specific. It was found that chromatography on QAE‐Sephadex did not follow the same separation pattern as that obtained by isoelectric focusing, suggesting that the fractionation on this ion‐exchange material is not entirely dependent on the overall charge of the polypeptide. Preparation of individual nonhistone protein species has been attempted using this chromatographic procedure in conjunction with gel filtration in guanidine hydrochloride.
Cellular immunity in Wegener's granulomatosis: Characterizing T lymphocytes (2009)

Background: Current therapies for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis are limited by toxicity. Objective: To compare pulse cyclophosphamide with daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Random assignments were computer-generated; allocation was concealed by faxing centralized treatment assignment to providers at the time of enrollment. Patients, investigators, and assessors of outcomes were not blinded to assignment. Setting: 42 centers in 12 European countries. Patients: 149 patients who had newly diagnosed generalized ANCA-associated vasculitis with renal involvement but not immediately life-threatening disease. Intervention: Pulse cyclophosphamide, 15 mg/kg every 2 to 3 weeks (76 patients), or daily oral cyclophosphamide, 2 mg/kg per day (73 patients), plus prednisolone. Measurement: Time to remission (primary outcome); change in renal function, adverse events, and cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide (secondary outcomes). Results: Groups did not differ in time to remission (hazard ratio, 1.098 [95% CI, 0.78 to 1.55]; P = 0.59) or proportion of patients who achieved remission at 9 months (88.1% vs. 87.7%). Thirteen patients in the pulse group and 6 in the daily oral group achieved remission by 9 months and subsequently had relapse. Absolute cumulative cyclophosphamide dose in the daily oral group was greater than that in the pulse group (15.9 g [interquartile range, 11 to 22.5 g] vs. 8.2 g [interquartile range, 5.95 to 10.55 g]; P <0.001). The pulse group had a lower rate of leukopenia (hazard ratio, 0.41 [CI, 0.23 to 0.71]). Limitations: The study was not powered to detect a difference in relapse rates between the 2 groups. Duration of follow-up was limited. Conclusion: The pulse cyclophosphamide regimen induced remission of ANCA-associated vasculitis as well as the daily oral regimen at a reduced cumulative cyclophosphamide dose and caused fewer cases of leukopenia. Primary Funding Source: The European Union.
Scanned-slot digital mammography (1990)

A scanned-slot digital radiography system is being developed for use in mammography. The system consists of a novel fiber-optic "reformatter" which couples a strip of phosphor material to a light amplifier and a specially designed CCD camera. The reformatter provides an excellent means of converting a slot-shaped image to a format more suitable for digitization. A mammogram is produced by scanning the system in steps across the breast from the chest wall to the nipple. The pixels are of dimension 56 μm by 49 μm at the detector input. Images are currently acquired using a 40 kV tungsten anode spectrum with a measured half-value layer of 0.82 mm Al. The limiting resolution [MTF(f)=O.05] in the scanning direction is 9.2 cycles/mm. The quantum interaction efficiency of the phosphor is 64%, and the low-frequency detective quantum efficiency (DQE) was measured to be 0.60 ± 0.07. The high-frequency DQE is superior to that of mammographic film-screen systems because of the ability to remove fixed pattern noise from images. Phantom images produced with the scanned-slot system, and with a state-of-the-art film screen mammography system were compared. The scanned-slot system demonstrated better contrast sensitivity using a lower mean glandular dose than the film-screen mammography system.
THE EXTRACTION OF CESIUM AND STRONTIUM FROM ACIDIC HIGH ACTIVITY NUCLEAR WASTE USING A PUREX PROCESS COMPATIBLE ORGANIC EXTRACTANT (1985)

Purex process compatible organic systems which selectively and reversibly extract cesium and strontium from synthetic mixed fission product solutions containing3M HNO3, have been developed. This advance makes the development of continuous solvent extraction processes for their recovery more likely. The matrix solution from the Purex process consists of tributyl phosphate (TBP) and kerosene. For cesium and strontium recovery a macrocyclic polyether (crown compound) has been developed for each element. When used in conjunction with a liquid cation exchanger in the matrix solution, the crown compounds will extract either alkali metals or alkaline earths from the synthetic mixed fission product solution. The organic cation exchangers used in this research were didodecylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (DNS) and dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (NNS). As was expected both zirconium and ruthenium also tend to be extracted due to the TBP in the matrix solution and to their complex chemistry. The most favorable cesium and strontium complexing solutions have been tested for radiation stability to 107 rad using a 0.4 × 107 rad/hr 60 Co source. The distribution coefficients dropped somewhat but remained above unity. For cesium the comp1exing organic solution is 5vol% (0.10M) NNS, 27vol% TBP and 68vol% kerosene containing 0.05M bis 4,4′,(5′) [l-hydroxy 2-ethylhexyl]benzo 18-crown-6 (Crown XVII). with an aqueous phase containing 0.006M Cs+l in contact with an equal volume of extractant, the Dorg/aq = 1.6 at a temperature of 25−35°C. For strontium the complexing organic solution is 5vol% (0.10M) NNS, 27vol% TBP and 68vol% kerosene containing 0.02M bis 4,4′(5′) (l-hydroxyheptyl)cyclohexo 18-crown-6 (Crown XVI). with an aqueous phase containing 0.003M Sr+2 in contact with an equal volume of extractant, the Dorg/aq 1.98 at a temperature of 25−35°C.
Deep Learning Strong Parts for Pedestrian Detection (2015)

Recent advances in pedestrian detection are attained by transferring the learned features of Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) to pedestrians. This ConvNet is typically pre-trained with massive general object categories (e.g. ImageNet). Although these features are able to handle variations such as poses, viewpoints, and lightings, they may fail when pedestrian images with complex occlusions are present. Occlusion handling is one of the most important problem in pedestrian detection. Unlike previous deep models that directly learned a single detector for pedestrian detection, we propose DeepParts, which consists of extensive part detectors. DeepParts has several appealing properties. First, DeepParts can be trained on weakly labeled data, i.e. only pedestrian bounding boxes without part annotations are provided. Second, DeepParts is able to handle low IoU positive proposals that shift away from ground truth. Third, each part detector in DeepParts is a strong detector that can detect pedestrian by observing only a part of a proposal. Extensive experiments in Caltech dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of DeepParts, which yields a new state-of-the-art miss rate of 11:89%, outperforming the second best method by 10%.
Formation of ?- D -glucose-1-phosphate by thermophilic ?-1,4- D -glucan phosphorylase (2000)

For the production of -D-glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P), -1,4-D-glucan phosphorylase from Thermus caldophilus GK24 was partially purified to a specific activity of 13 U mg -1 and an enzyme recovery of 15%. The amount of G-1-P reached maximum (18%) when soluble starch was used as substrate, and the smallest substrate for G-1-P formation was maltotriose. The structure of purified G-1-P was confirmed by comparison to 13 C-NMR data for an authentic sample. In addition to G-1-P, glucose-6-phosphate (12%) was simultaneously produced when 10 mM maltoheptaose was used as substrate.
The impact of comprehensive air purification on patient duration of stay, discharge outcomes, and health care economics: A retrospective cohort study (2020)

Patients in the advanced air purification technology zones demonstrated statistically significant improvements in durations of stay, discharge to home, and costs after adjusting for case mix index. In addition, a trend toward fewer hospital-acquired infections in advanced air purification technology zones was noted. These findings suggest that environmental factors may affect key clinical and economic outcomes, supporting further research in this important and largely unexplored area.
Noncoordinate developmental regulation of N‐cadherin, N‐CAM, integrin, and fibronectin mRNA levels during myoblast terminal differentiation (1992)

N-cadherin, N-CAM, fibronectin, and beta 1-integrins have been implicated in the control of myoblast fusion to form multinucleate myotubes, a critical step in the terminal differentiation of skeletal muscle. We have analyzed the temporal pattern of expression of mRNA transcripts encoding these adhesion molecules during the terminal differentiation of C2 mouse myoblasts. The accumulation of mRNA transcripts encoding N-cadherin, N-CAM, fibronectin, alpha 5-integrin, and beta 1-integrin subunits was developmentally, but not coordinately, regulated. N-cadherin and integrin subunit expression was maximal in prefusion myoblasts and declined thereafter. In contrast, N-CAM mRNA levels were low in prefusion myoblasts, and increased coincident with the onset of terminal differentiation. Fibronectin mRNA levels were also low in myoblasts, and they did not increase until after cell fusion had occurred. The results indicate that despite their lack of coordinate regulation maximal levels of mRNA transcripts encoding adhesion molecules are present at a stage which corresponds to the peak of the active phase of myoblast fusion.
Graphene-based absorber exploiting guided mode resonances in one-dimensional gratings (2014)

A one-dimensional dielectric grating, based on a simple geometry, is proposed and investigated to enhance light absorption in a monolayer graphene exploiting guided mode resonances. Numerical findings reveal that the optimized configuration is able to absorb up to 60% of the impinging light at normal incidence for both TE and TM polarizations resulting in a theoretical enhancement factor of about 26 with respect to the monolayer graphene absorption (≈2.3%). Experimental results confirm this behavior showing CVD graphene absorbance peaks up to about 40% over narrow bands of a few nanometers. The simple and flexible design points to a way to realize innovative, scalable and easy-to-fabricate graphene-based optical absorbers.
Window design for overlapped block motion compensation through statistical motion modeling (2002)

This paper presents an analysis of the block-decimated motion estimates and relates them to the underlying motion random field. It further parameterizes the scene intensity random field and the motion random field in terms of their correlation properties. Within this framework, we develop an algorithm to optimize the window for overlapped block motion compensation as a function of the model parameters. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the optimal window resulting from the parametric formulation offers performance comparable to the window deterministically optimized for the test sequence, and it offers more robust performance outside the training set. Finally, we apply our algorithm to adapt the overlapped window to match the temporally changing characteristics of the scene and motion fields. We demonstrate that for real-time applications, where the number of frames used for adapting the window is limited, our algorithm significantly outperforms the method introduced by Orchard and Sullivan (see IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol.3, no.5, p.693-9, 1994).
Synthesis of a Tetrasaccharide Glycosyl Glycerol. Precursor to Glycolipids of <i>Meiothermus taiwanensis</i> ATCC BAA-400 (2007)

Synthesis of a tetrasaccharide glycosyl glycerol, the core structure of glycoglycerolipid from Meiothermus taiwanensis ATCC BAA-400, was described. A one-pot glycosylation with three components was employed as a key step.
Optical fibres and the Goos-Hänchen shift (1974)

It is shown, and confirmed experimentally, that, despite the existence of the Goos-Hänchen shift, the propagation delay of a ray in a multimode cladded fibre is given to a very good approximation by simple ray theory.
Speaker identification in mismatch training and testing conditions (2002)

This paper presents an exhaustive study about the robustness of several parameterizations, with a new database specially acquired for the purpose of this study. This database includes the following variations: different recording sessions (including telephonic and microphonic recordings), recording rooms, and languages (it has been obtained from a bilingual set of speakers). This study has been performed with two identification algorithms (vector quantization and covariance matrices) and reveals that the combination of several parameterizations can improve the robustness in all the scenarios.
Prologue: On writing about security today (2007)

Citizens of western countries are too ready to take for granted the relatively civilized political conditions they enjoy, forgetting that politics in most times and places has been thoroughly predatory. Achieving a type of politics that is less predatory, and geared to some conception of the public good, is not easy under any circumstances, and may be impossible in the absence of certain preconditions. One of these preconditions seems to be a collective people, sustained by myths and capable of generating and monitoring political power. (Canovan 2005: 138)
One Dynamic Pricing Strategy in Agent Economy Using Neural Network Based on Online Learning (2004)

This paper examines seller strategies for dynamic pricing in a market for which a seller has finite time horizon to sell its inventory. A dynamic pricing strategy is developed using neural network based on online learning (called SDNN strategy). The SDNN strategy takes in account the dynamics and resulting uncertainties of the market place. The experiments show that the SDNN strategy exhibits superior performance to the other candidate dynamic pricing strategies which of similar computational simplicity and lack of assumptions about the market place.
Polarization Control of VCSEL Array by Metal Nanoholes at Rectangular Lattice Utilizing Surface Plasmon Resonance (2006)

We report on polarization control of 850 nm 2times2 VCSEL array by metal nanoholes at rectangular lattice utilizing surface plasmon (SP) resonance. The polarization angle can be controlled to any specified directions by the direction of the lattice, of which the pitch meets the SP resonant condition. This VCSEL array is applicable to future polarization multiplexed optical communication
Newsmap. Monday, August 17, 1942 : week of August 7 to August 14 (1942)

Front:
Text describes action on various war fronts: Northern France, Air assault, Allied conference, Southwest Pacific, Mediterranean, Russia, North Africa, Aleutians, China, Brazil.

Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. 

Inset maps show The European theatre, Main area of operations in the Solomons, USSR.

Includes photographs: Landing party; Commando glider; Last stop in North Africa; War in the heart of Africa.

Back:
China's Cadets. 10 photographs are accompanied by text.
Efficient Data Streaming Multiway Aggregation through Concurrent Algorithmic Designs and New Abstract Data Types (2017)

Data streaming relies on continuous queries to process unbounded streams of data in a real-time fashion. It is commonly demanding in computation capacity, given that the relevant applications involve very large volumes of data. Data structures act as articulation points and maintain the state of data streaming operators, potentially supporting high parallelism and balancing the work among them. Prompted by this fact, in this work we study and analyze parallelization needs of these articulation points, focusing on the problem of streaming multiway aggregation, where large data volumes are received from multiple input streams. The analysis of the parallelization needs, as well as of the use and limitations of existing aggregate designs and their data structures, leads us to identify needs for appropriate shared objects that can achieve low-latency and high-throughput multiway aggregation. We present the requirements of such objects as abstract data types and we provide efficient lock-free linearizable algorithmic implementations of them, along with new multiway aggregate algorithmic designs that leverage them, supporting both deterministic order-sensitive and order-insensitive aggregate functions. Furthermore, we point out future directions that open through these contributions. The article includes an extensive experimental study, based on a variety of continuous aggregation queries on two large datasets extracted from SoundCloud, a music social network, and from a Smart Grid network. In all the experiments, the proposed data structures and the enhanced aggregate operators improved the processing performance significantly, up to one order of magnitude, in terms of both throughput and latency, over the commonly used techniques based on queues.
Ordet for samfund er gentagelse (2006)

The word for society is repetition.  The notion of ’the social’ as a distinct reality in its own right is a central concept in sociology. In one of the earliest methodological disputes within the science of sociology, Emile Durkheim and Gabriel Tarde put forward two radically different perspectives bout how to conceptualize this reality as an object of scientific investigation. The debate between Durkheim and Tarde has primarily been perceived as a confrontation between a ’holistic’ and an ’individualistic’ sociological perspective – an account which doesn’t do justice to Tarde’s original, but today almost forgotten, sociology of imitations. This article attempts to develop a different perspective on this dispute. The concept of repetition is taken as the starting point for the discussion, and the article argues that both Durkheim and Tarde, although with very different conclusions, invoke a concept of repetition in their attempt to construct ’the social’ as an object of science.
EVALUATION OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS AS NATURAL POSTHARVEST DISEASE CONTROL OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM) (2003)

ISHS XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Issues and Advances in Postharvest Horticulture EVALUATION OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS AS NATURAL POSTHARVEST DISEASE CONTROL OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM)