gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic assessment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human and canine blastomycosis (1986)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for blastomycosis was evaluated with 65 human sera from culturally or histologically proven cases of blastomycosis, 53 sera from humans with heterologous infections, and 115 sera from apparently normal people. The diagnostic value of the ELISA was compared with that of the widely used complement fixation (CF) and immunodiffusion (ID) tests. The assay gave a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 98% with a minimal positive titer of 1:16. In contrast, the CF and ID tests demonstrated sensitivities of only 40 and 65%, respectively, and both were 100% specific. It was concluded that ELISA titers of 1:32 or greater are indicative of active blastomycosis, whereas lower titers, which might represent cross-reactions, were considered suggestive of the disease. The specificity of low titers should be confirmed by immunodiffusion tests or from the study of serial serum specimens. Preliminary studies with sera from 6 dogs with active blastomycosis and 31 asymptomatic dogs revealed an ELISA sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97% when a 1:8 cutoff titer was used. Although a wide range of titers was obtained in both human and canine specimens, no single titer could be relied on to reflect the clinical form of disease. However, a four-fold-or-greater reduction in titer for serial specimens appeared indicative of a favorable prognosis.
Solid State Photochemical Reaction of <i>N</i>-(α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl)benzoylformamides (1997)

Photochemical reactions of various N-(α,β-unsaturated carbonyl)benzoylformamides both in solution and in a solid state were investigated. Under homogeneous conditions, all acyclic imides underwent photochemical 2 + 2 cycloaddition that resulted in the production of bicyclic oxetanes. N-Isopropyl- and N-benzyl-N-tigloylbenzoylformamides crystallized in a chiral space group, and the photolysis in the solid state yielded corresponding optically-active oxetanes. N-Tigloylbenzoylformanilide underwent cis−trans isomerization to yield a photostationary state (cis/trans = 1.3). Solid state oxetane formation of N-benzyl- and N-(o-tolyl)- and N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-tigloylbenzoylformamides progressed via the crystal-to-crystal pathway which was followed by X-ray powder diffraction. N-Benzyl-N-methacryloylbenzoylformamide crystallized in a chiral space group, and the solid state reaction led to an optically active β-lactam via topochemically-controlled hydrogen abstraction by the alkenyl carbon atom. Photolysis of N-isopropyl-N-methacryloylbenzoylformamide in the solid state led to both oxetane formation and a transformation to azetidine-2,4-dione involving a 1,5-benzoyl shift.
Tags and Information Recollection (2016)

Folksonomy, tag, bookmark and social bookmarking are all concepts that refer to recollection in information retrieval (IR). Recollection can be defined as the effort needed to recall an even, an idea or a resource. In IR, when locating an interesting resource, a user can tag it in order to "memorize" it and retrieve it later. The user chooses the tags according to his/her needs or centers of interest. While previous work has addressed the problem of tag exploitation, to our knowledge, an important dimension is missing. None has focused on the tagging activity itself when considering the users point of view. An important open question is the following: will a user be able to remember tags he/she associated with a document in the past in order to retrieve a document again? Our paper tackles this problem. Considering a user study that implied 32 participants, we evaluate some elements (age, time...) that impacts the recognition and the recall of tags used in the past. This result is important specifically as it can be used in order to optimize personalized systems (e.g. user profiling, tag exploitation...).
Enhanced System Acquisition for NB-IoT (2017)

Machine-type communication (MTC) is the key technology to support data transfer among devices (sensors and actuators) in Internet of Things (IoT). Although cellular communication technologies are developed mainly for “human-type”communications, enabling MTC with cellular networks not only improves the connectivity, accessibility, and availability of an MTC network but also has the potential to further drive down the operation cost. However, cellular MTC, especially when applied to low-power massive IoT (mIoT), poses some unique challenges due to the low-cost and low-power nature of an mIoT device. One of the most challenging issues is providing a robust way for an mIoT device to acquire the network under a large frequency offset due to the use of low-cost crystal oscillators and under extended coverage. Although differentiation is a well-known technique for removing impairments caused by frequency offset, its “noise amplification”effect limits its applications in cellular communications due to the fact that cellular communication is typically interference limited. Matched-filter-based detection is, therefore, almost unexceptionally used. We show that the differential technique can actually benefit system acquisition in mIoT, where the use of low-cost crystals is a default. Although the existing system acquisition design in a cellular mIoT system, i.e., NB-IoT, facilitates both techniques, there still remain issues that need to be solved in order to take full advantage of the design. We provide a comprehensive analysis on the performance of two most common techniques when applied in a typical NB-IoT environment based on two factors, the geometry factor and the frequency offset factor. Finally, we derive the operating regions for matched-filter-based detection and differentiation using these two factors, in which the system acquisition performance of the two types of techniques is maximized for NB-IoT.
A Brief Overview of the Baculovirus Expression System in Insect and Mammalian Cells (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background Production and Assay of Virus Stocks Production of Recombinant Proteins and Labelled Proteins Baculoviruses as Efficient Vectors for Transfection of Mammalian Cells: Gene Therapy and Cell Culture Applications References Appendix: Estimation of Baculovirus Titre by Growth Inhibition Assay (Presented at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the UK Branch of the European Society for Animal Cell Technology, Cambridge, UK, January 2002)
SMART TEXTILES FOR WEARABLE MOTION CAPTURE SYSTEMS (2002)

Abstract The implementation of truly wearable instrumented garments capable of recording biomechanical variables is crucial to several fields of application, from multi-media to physical rehabilitation, from sporting to artistic fields. Here we report on wearable devices which are able to read and record the posture and movements of a subject wearing the system. The sensory function of the garments is achieved by fabric strain sensors, based on threads coated with polypyrrole or carbonloaded rubbers. The presence of conductive elements gives these materials piezoresistive properties, enabling the detection of local strain on the fabric. Strips of strain fabrics are applied together with conductive tracks at strategic points in a shirt and a glove in order to detect the movements of the principal joints. The ‘smart shirt’-sensing architecture can be divided into two parts: a textile platform, where a wearable device acquires biomechanical signals, and a hardware/software platform, to which a wireless communication system sends the acquired data after electrical conditioning.
Binding of platinum and palladium metallointercalation reagents and antitumor drugs to closed and open DNAs (1976)

The interaction of platinum and palladium complexes with closed and nicked circular and linear DNAs was investigated by a variety of methods. Cationic metal complexes containing flat, aromatic ligands, such as 2,2',2''-terpyridine, o-phenanthroline, and 2,2'-bipyridine, interfere with the usual fluorescence enhancement of ethidium bromide by competing for intercalation sites on calf-thymus DNA. Metal complexes having kinetically exchangable ligands, including the antitumor drugs cis-[(NH3)2PtCl2] and [(en)PtC12], inhibit noncompetitively the DNA-associated ethidium fluorescence enhancement by binding covalently to the bases and blocking potential intercalation sites. Only the metallointercalators were capable of altering the DNA duplex winding, as judged by the effects of these reagents upon the electrophoretic mobility and sedimentation behavior of PM-2 DNAs. Long-term (t greater than 120 h) interactions of metal complexes with PM-2 DNAs I, I0, and II, corresponding to superhelical, closed relaxed, and nicked circles, respectively, showed that covalent binding occurs the most readily to DNA I, possibly because of the presence of underwound duplex regions in this tightly wound superhelical DNA. The active antitumor drugs cis-[(NH3)2PtC12] and [(en)PtC12] bind covalently to DNA I under conditions where the inactive trans- [(NH3)2PtC12] does not. Most of the complexes studied were capable of producing chain scissions in PM-2DNA I. Exceptions are the kinetically inert complexes [(bipy)Pt(en)]2+ and (terpy)Pt(SCH2CH2OH)]+, suggesting that covalent binding might be a prerequisite for nicking.
PDM: a new strong password-based protocol (2001)

In this paper we present PDM (Password Derived Moduli), a new approach to strong password-based protocols usable either for mutual authentication or for downloading security information such as the user's private key. We describe how the properties desirable for strong password mutual authentication differ from the properties desirable for credentials download. In particular, a protocol used solely for credentials download can be simpler and less expensive than one used for mutual authentication since some properties (such as authentication of the server) are not necessary for credentials download. The features necessary for mutual authentication can be easily added to a credentials download protocol, but many of the protocols designed for mutual authentication are not as desirable for use in credentials download as protocols like PDM and basic EKE and SPEKE because they are unnecessarily expensive when used for that purpose. PDM's performance is vastly more expensive at the client than any of the protocols in the literature, but it is more efficient at the server. We claim that performance at the server, since a server must handle a large and potentially unpredictable number of clients, is more important than performance at the client, assuming that client performance is good enough. We describe PDM for credentials download, and then show how to enhance it to have the properties desirable for mutual authentication. In particular, the enhancement we advocate for allowing PDM to avoid storing a password-equivalent at the server is less expensive than existing schemes, and our approach can be used as a more efficient (at the server) variant of augmented EKE and SPEKE than the currently published schemes. PDM is important because it is a very different approach to the problem than any in the literature, we believe it to be unencumbered by patents, and because it can be a lot less expensive at the server than existing schemes.
Nanoscale Phase Separation and High Photovoltaic Efficiency in Solution‐Processed, Small‐Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2009)

Abstract Research relating to organic solar cells based on solution‐processed, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films has been dominated by polymeric donor materials, as they typically have better film‐forming characteristics and film morphology than their small‐molecule counterparts. Despite these morphological advantages, semiconducting polymers suffer from synthetic reproducibility and difficult purification procedures, which hinder their commercial viability. Here, a non‐polymeric, diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based donor material that can be solution processed with a fullerene acceptor to produce good quality films is reported. Thermal annealing leads to suitable phase separation and material distribution so that highly effective BHJ morphologies are obtained. The frontier orbitals of the material are well aligned with those of the fullerene acceptor, allowing efficient electron transfer and suitable open‐circuit voltages, leading to power conversion efficiencies of 4.4 ± 0.4% under AM1.5G illumination (100 mW cm −2 ). Small molecules can therefore be solution processed to form high‐quality BHJ films, which may be used for low‐cost, flexible organic solar cells.
Leptin Production during Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Leptin, the protein product of the ob gene, may be involved in the regulation of energy balance. Although a clear relationship between energy intake and plasma leptin concentrations has been demonstrated in humans, little is known about the effect of exercise on leptin metabolism. In the present study, we evaluated abdominal adipose tissue leptin production in vivo by arteriovenous balance at rest and during 60 min of moderate-intensity cycle ergometer exercise (50% of maximal heart rate) in five sedentary male subjects (mean age 38.4 ± 1.7 yr, body mass index (28.4± 4.2 kg/m2). Blood samples were taken simultaneously from an abdominal vein, draining sc adipose tissue, and a radial artery, at rest and every 10 min during exercise. Adipose tissue blood flow was determined by the xenon washout technique. Plasma leptin concentrations did not change throughout exercise and were the same as the values obtained during resting conditions. Average net adipose tissue leptin production rates during exercise (3.07 ± 0.89 ng/100 g−1· min−1) also were similar to resting values (3.86 ± 0.95 ng/100 g−1·min−1). These results demonstrate that plasma leptin concentrations and leptin production do not change during an acute bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.
Potential Function of Amniotic Fluid in Fetal Development—Novel Insights by Comparing the Composition of Human Amniotic Fluid with Umbilical Cord and Maternal Serum at Mid and Late Gestation (2009)

This study demonstrated that AF is not a result of simple filtration from the blood but an independent fluid. We speculate that proteins or peptides in the amniotic fluid modulate the process of fetus development since they possess potent bioactivity on cellular growth and proliferation. AF provides a pathway to transport these "regulators" to the fetus and thus plays a pivotal role in fetal development.
[The Val606Met mutation of human beta myosin heavy chain in a Chinese familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy family]. (2008)

The Val606Met missen mutation is closely associated with familiar HCM in a Chinese family which is associated with clinical phenotype with a penetrance of 80%.
Phenotypic and functional characterization of lymphocytes that bind human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Evidence for preferential binding of natural killer cells. (1987)

The microvascular endothelium has been postulated to be a crit- ical target in the rejection of vascularized aliografts. This study was undertaken to examine the ability of human sheep eryth- rocyte rosette forming lymphocytes (E-RFC) to form stable con- jugates with microvascular endothelial cells (EC), and to assess whether a receptor-ligand interaction mediates this event. Human foreskin microvascular EC monolayers were used as targets of chromium-51-labeled E-RFC in a quantitative adherence assay. Binding was saturable, displaceable by unlabeled E-RFC, aug- mented by recombinant interleukin 1 (riL-1) and inhibited by anti-LFA1 antibody. The Leu-11+ lymphocyte subset, known to be enriched for natural killer (NK) cells, bound preferentially. Only the EC-adherent lymphocyte fraction contained NK effec- tors, which lysed EC and classical NK targets. Thus, NK cells adhere to microvascular EC via a specific receptor-ligand inter- action. The possibility exists that such binding occurs in recip- ients of vascularized allografts, representing the initial stage of graft rejection.
Complement and macrophage crosstalk during process of angiogenesis in tumor progression (2015)

The complement system, which contains some of the most potent pro-inflammatory mediators in the tissue including the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are the vital parts of innate immunity. Complement activation seems to play a more critical role in tumor development, but little attention has been given to the angiogenic balance of the activated complement mediators and macrophage polarization during tumor progression. The tumor growth mainly supported by the infiltration of M2- tumor-associated macrophages, and high levels of C3a and C5a, whereas M1-macrophages contribute to immune-mediated tumor suppression. Macrophages express a cognate receptors for both C3a and C5a on their cell surface, and specific binding of C3a and C5a affects the functional modulation and angiogenic properties. Activation of complement mediators induce angiogenesis, favors an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and activate cancer-associated signaling pathways to assist chronic inflammation. In this review manuscript, we highlighted the specific roles of complement activation and macrophage polarization during uncontrolled angiogenesis in tumor progression, and therefore blocking of complement mediators would be an alternative therapeutic option for treating cancer.
Multi-layer traffic grooming in networks with an IP/MPLS layer on top of a meshed optical layer (2004)

Traffic grooming in networks employing WDM is gaining attention due to the difference between the bandwidth requirements of the traffic demands coming from the client layer and the capacity of a wavelength in an optical transport network (OTN). In this paper an algorithm for efficient traffic grooming in a multi-layer IP/MPLS-over-meshed OTN scenario is presented. It allows designing the IP/MPLS logical topology best suited to deal with the offered traffic pattern, taking into account the unidirectional and maybe asymmetric character of IP traffic. This multi-layer traffic grooming algorithm is based on the idea of charging the IP/MPLS layer for the capacity it consumes in the optical layer. In order to assess its performance, a comparison with other grooming approaches is made. The results show that our method allows for serious savings in the overall network design cost. It also allows for a gradual capacity installation in the network, thus spreading the installation cost.
Comparison of in vitro biological properties and mouse toxicities of three thymidine analogs active against human immunodeficiency virus (1990)

Three analogs of thymidine, D4T [2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine; 1-(2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-glyceropent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine], FddT (3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine), and AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine), were compared in biological tests designed to assess their potential utility as anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents. The in vitro potencies of these compounds against HIV infection in CEM cells were measured, with FddT and AZT being more potent than D4T. The cytotoxicities of D4T, FddT, and AZT for CEM cells were comparable. The triphosphates of these three derivatives inhibited purified HIV reverse transcriptase, and their affinities for this polymerase were found to be 1 or 2 orders of magnitude greater than that for the normal substrate, dTTP. D4T was less toxic than FddT or AZT for cultured human and mouse bone marrow cells (granulocyte-macrophage CFU). The three compounds had similar toxicities for human progenitor erythrocyte burst-forming units. In a 30-day mouse toxicity study, AZT and FddT produced a similar spectrum of hematopoietic toxicities. These toxic effects occurred at much lower doses of FddT than of AZT. At the higher doses of FddT, a significant incidence of lethality occurred. By contrast, D4T was considerably less toxic than both AZT and FddT in this study. The dose-limiting toxicity of D4T in mice was hepatotoxicity. The very different phosphorylation patterns of D4T, its lower toxicity, and its comparable potency relative to FddT and AZT suggest that the potential of D4T as an anti-HIV agent should be further explored.
A Compiler Project for Translating a C Subset to SPARC Assembly Language (1993)

We present a complete description of a project for a compiler that translates a subset of the C programming language to SPARC assembler language. The project is suitable for a one semester undergraduate course on compilers and interpreters based on the text of Aho, Sethi, and Ullman, and has been used successfully in that context at the University of Pennsylvania. Output that facilitate scoring, and checkpoints for monitoring the students' progress are integral to the project description.
Does Impairment of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System or the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway Predispose Individuals to Neurodegenerative Disorders such as Parkinson's Disease? (2010)

About twenty years ago, an abnormal enrichment of ubiquitin in the inclusion bodies of various neurodegenerative disorders was reported. To date, this phenotype has been a diagnostic feature of many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (PD). Because ubiquitin tags proteins that must be eliminated from cells, thereby targeting them for proteasomal degradation, many scientists believed that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was inactivated in these neurodegenerative disorders. This inactivation would lead to an accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins with their concomitant aggregation into inclusion bodies and subsequent neuronal death. This hypothesis was further fuelled by the discovery that parkin, the causal gene of autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism, functions as a ubiquitin ligase. However, recent findings by several groups demonstrated that ubiquitylation is also relevant to the autophagy system, with parkin promoting autophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria following the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. These novel topics do not necessarily mean that the proteasome is involved in neurodegeneration of PD. In this review, we describe current evidence and controversies regarding the relationship between UPS and neurodegenerative disorders such as PD, and discuss several scientific discrepancies that await further clarification.