gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delay related issues in integrated voice and data transmission (1979)

This paper focuses on network delays as they apply to voice transmission. First the nature of the problem is discussed and this is followed by a review of circuit, packet and hybrid switching. The concept of introducing delay to resolve contention in speech interpolation is also noted, and when applied to both voice and data messages, forms a basis for a relatively new and so-called “transparent” approach to network design. The second part of the paper deals with experimental work. First, external link considerations involving subnet access by frame synchronous vocoders is discussed, and an experimental software interface is described which exploits the 60 to 65% idle time in voice calls. Secondly, based on the simulation of variable network delays, first indications are that with 180 ms “hangover”, the perceptable threshold of variable delay is about 200 ms average. Finally, suggestions for further works on performance analysis and subjective testing are made.
New Methods of Resolution and Purification of Racemic and Diastereomeric Amino Alcohol Derivatives Using Boric Acid and Chiral 1,1‘-Bi-2-naphthol (2001)

Resolution of the racemic amino alcohol derivatives 1-6 is readily achieved to obtain enantiomerically enriched compounds using chiral 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol and boric acid in solvents such as CH(3)CN, THF, and MeOH. Purification of the diastereomeric mixture 7 has also been carried out following this method. The corresponding intermediate ammonium borate complexes were also characterized by X-ray diffraction methods.
A selection principle of phenolic compounds for novolak resins in high performance positive photoresists (1991)

The relationship between resist performance and the kinds of phenolic compounds for novolak resins was investigated from the standpoint of the image formation process. Dissolution rates were measured on photoresists containing novolak resins made from various phenolic compounds including phenol, cresol, ethylphenol, butylphenol, and their copolymers. It was found that there are suitable combinations of phenolic compounds to exhibit high resist performance. On the basis of the experimental results, we discuss the effect of the kinds of phenolic compounds on the dissolution characteristics and the structure of novolak resins. Finally, we propose a selection principle of phenolic compounds for novolak resins useful to design high performance positive photoresists.
Incorporating Prior Knowledge into the Analysis of Conjoint Studies (1995)

The authors use conjoint analysis to provide interval-level estimates of part-worths allowing tradeoffs among attribute levels to be examined. Researchers often possess prior information about the part-worths, such as the order and range restrictions of product attribute levels. It is known, for example, that consumers would rather pay less for a specific product given that all other product attribute levels are unchanged. The authors present a Bayesian approach to incorporate prior ordinal information about these part-worths into the analysis of conjoint studies. Their method results in parameter estimates with greater face validity and predictive performance than estimates that do not utilize prior information or those that use traditional methods such as LINMAP. Unlike existing methods, the authors’ methods apply to both rating and choice-based conjoint studies.
Statistically Quantitative Volume Visualization (2006)

Visualization users are increasingly in need of techniques for assessing quantitative uncertainty and error in the images produced. Statistical segmentation algorithms compute these quantitative results, yet volume rendering tools typically produce only qualitative imagery via transfer function-based classification. This paper presents a visualization technique that allows users to interactively explore the uncertainty, risk, and probabilistic decision of surface boundaries. Our approach makes it possible to directly visualize the combined fuzzy classification results from multiple segmentations by combining these data into a unified probabilistic data space. We represent this unified space, the combination of scalar volumes from numerous segmentations, using a novel graph-based dimensionality reduction scheme. The scheme both dramatically reduces the dataset size and is suitable for efficient, high quality, quantitative visualization. Lastly, we show that the statistical risk arising from overlapping segmentations is a robust measure for visualizing features and assigning optical properties.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Flowering, Plant and Ear Height, and Kernel Traits in Maize (1995)

The inheritance of quantitative traits is not well understood. A study was conducted to determine the number and chromosomal locations of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling male anthesis date; plant and ear height; kernel weight; and kernel protein, oil, and starch concentration in maize ( Zea mays L.). Two hundred S 1 lines were derived from a single F 1 plant from a cross of Illinois High Oil (IHO) by lllinois Low Oil (Early Maturity) [ILO(EM)]. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed to determine RFLP genotypes of the 200 S 1 families at 80 polymorphic loci spaced on average 24 centimorgans throughout the genome. The 200 S 1 families were measured for phenotypic traits in replicated field trials during 1992 and 1993. Analysis of variance detected significant ( P < 0.05) associations between several RFLP loci and each phenotypic trait. A total of 16 marker loci clustered in eight chromosomal regions were significantly associated with male anthesis date, 18 marker loci clustered in II regions were significantly associated with plant height, 14 marker loci clustered in nine regions were significantly associated with ear height, 27 marker loci clustered in II regions were associated with kernel weight, 16 marker loci clustered in eight regions were associated with protein concentration, 31 marker loci clustered in II regions were associated with oil concentration, and 28 marker loci clustered in 13 regions were associated with starch concentration. A number of QTL were detected in chromosomal regions where known gene loci of biological relevance are located.
Effect of adjustable-speed drives on the operation of low-voltage ground-fault indicators (2001)

The petroleum and chemical industry has found increasing favor with 60 Hz low-voltage (/spl les/600 Vac) power systems that utilize a high-resistance grounded (HRG) neutral philosophy. Historically, the older generation of adjustable-speed drives (ASDs) had little or no effect on the normal operation of ground-fault indicators (GFIs) used with the installed HRG systems. This paper focuses on nuisance GFI alarms that may occur when present-generation ASDs are retrofitted into the existing plant. The paper first reviews possible neutral grounding systems, with emphasis on the types of HRG systems possible and GFI alarm philosophy. The paper then discusses how ASDs may generate zero-sequence high-frequency noise currents in the HRG neutral circuit, which may cause nuisance ground-fault alarms and potentially mask a legitimate ground fault. GFI noise current magnitude is defined for both present and older ASD technologies. The effect this transient zero-sequence noise current magnitude has on GFI operation is described. Mitigation methods used at the drive to reduce ASD noise current magnitude to acceptable nonalarm levels is investigated. Filter solutions located at the HRG/GFI meter that reduce nuisance alarms are also investigated. The pros and cons of at the drive or at the meter filter solutions are supported with laboratory and field test data. Application guidelines are given to help avoid nuisance problems with a plant ground-fault protection scheme, which needs to successfully operate in the presence of multiple ASDs.
Fluorescent DNAs printed on paper: sensing food spoilage and ripening in the vapor phase (2012)

The monitoring of food spoilage is important to human health. Here we tested the ability of DNA-based oligodeoxyfluoroside (ODF) dyes to sense volatiles as they arise from spoilage, and employed a new platform for fluorescence sensing by inkjet printing of varied dyes on cellulose paper. ODFs are a class of short DNA-like oligomers with fluorophores replacing DNA bases. Six tetrameric ODFs of distinct sequences were printed on cotton paper using a commercial inkjet printer; printing methods and additives were evaluated for optimal fluorescence and response. ODFs were exposed via headspace volatiles in a closed container to a variety of foods as they spoiled over a period of days. We observed fluorescence intensity and/or color changes during exposure to meats (ground beef and shrimp), dairy (milk and cheese), fruit (orange juice), grain (bread), and vegetable (lettuce) sources. The printed sensors were imaged under an epifluorescence microscope and the signals were quantified using digital values from red (R), blue (B), green (G), and luma (L) channels, creating “fingerprints” for each headspace volatile mixture. This set of ODF sensors yielded a general fluorescence increase for protein-rich foods (ground beef, shrimp, and milk), while each food could be distinguished by the relative difference among RGB channels. Incubation temperature affected volatiles produced from spoiling ground beef, as storage at 4 °C yielded weaker signals. Spoilage of foods with low water activity (bread and cheese) also produced responses distinct from high-moisture foods, but similar to one another. Ripening of fruits (banana, tomato, and peach) was also tested. Monitoring the spoilage of ground beef (room temperature and 4 °C) and milk (room temperature) revealed that the composition of volatiles changes dynamically during the fifteen-day period, suggestive of shifts in bacterial populations.
Fracturing for In-situ Bioremediation (Available only in \IFocus on Geo/Environmental\N Special Issue) (1996)

A pilot-scale evaluation of an integrated pneumatic fracturing and bioremediation system demonstrated the enhanced removal of BTX from a gasoline-contaminated, low-permeability soil formation. The fracturing enhanced subsurface permeability by an average of more than 36 times and established an extended bioremediation zone supporting aerobic, denitrifying and methanogenic populations. Subsurface amendment injections consisting of phosphate and nitrogen were made over a 50-week period to stimulate microbial activity. Results indicate that 79% of the soil-phase BTX was removed during the field test, with over 85% of the mass removed attributable to bioremediation.
DeeperForensics-1.0: A Large-Scale Dataset for Real-World Face Forgery Detection (2020)

We present our on-going effort of constructing a large-scale benchmark for face forgery detection. The first version of this benchmark, DeeperForensics-1.0, represents the largest face forgery detection dataset by far, with 60,000 videos constituted by a total of 17.6 million frames, 10 times larger than existing datasets of the same kind. Extensive real-world perturbations are applied to obtain a more challenging benchmark of larger scale and higher diversity. All source videos in DeeperForensics-1.0 are carefully collected, and fake videos are generated by a newly proposed end-to-end face swapping framework. The quality of generated videos outperforms those in existing datasets, validated by user studies. The benchmark features a hidden test set, which contains manipulated videos achieving high deceptive scores in human evaluations. We further contribute a comprehensive study that evaluates five representative detection baselines and make a thorough analysis of different settings.
History, development and characteristics of lake ecological models. (2002)

This paper provides some introductory information on the history, development, and characteristics of various lake ecosystem models. The modeling of lake ecological processes began to gain importance in the early 1960s. There are a number of models available today, with varying levels of complexity to cope with the variety of environmental problems found in lake environments, e.g. eutrophication, acidification, oxygen depletion, wetland management, heavy metal and pesticide pollution, as well as hydrodynamic problems. In particular, this paper focuses on lake eutrophication and wetland models, as well as addressing strategies appropriate for the design and development of reliable lake ecological models.
Step height measurements using a combination of a laser displacement gage and a broadband interferometric surface profiler (2002)

We describe techniques for measuring step heights between separated, nominally plane-parallel surface regions of a precision-engineered part. Our technique combines a broadband, 10-micron wavelength scanning interferometric profiler with a HeNe laser displacement gage. The infrared wavelength accommodates machined metal parts having a surface roughness in excess of what would be possible with a visible-wavelength interferometer. The combination of broadband interferometry, which removes fringe order ambiguity, with a laser displacement gage makes it possible to determine the relative heights of surfaces separated by several mm with a 2-σ uncertainty of 0.3 micron. We present the instrument theory, experimental implementation and results of instrument testing.
Expanding and understanding the genetic toolbox of the hyperthermophilic genus <i>Sulfolobus</i> (2009)

Although Sulfolobus species are among the best studied archaeal micro-organisms, the development and availability of genetic tools has lagged behind. In the present paper, we discuss the latest progress in understanding recombination events of exogenous DNA into the chromosomes of Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and their application in the construction of targeted-deletion mutant strains.
Multichip module photovoltaic miniarrays (2001)

In this work a novel concept of photovoltaic mini array assembly is described based on a flip-chip multichip module technology. A number of arrays composed of 15 series-connected 2 mm/sup 2/ c-Si photovoltaic cells have been fabricated, achieving a packaging density of 40 cells/cm/sup 2/. Measurements of the dark I-V characteristic confirmed that the resistive losses of the approach are small and do not degrade the electrical characteristics of the array. Nearly 0.5 mW/cm/sup 2/ delivered density power, and 7 V in open circuit conditions were typically measured under normalized solar spectrum (AM1.5 100 mW/cm/sup 2/), and around 6.3 mW/cm/sup 2/ and 8.5 V using a 150 W commercial lamp placed at 5 cm distance from the panel.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in oral tissues: possible relevance to angiogenesis, tumour progression and field cancerisation (2001)

The aim of this study was to assess whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in oral tissues is associated with angiogenesis, disease progression or field cancerisation. Vascularity and VEGF immunoreactivity were quantified in 68 archival specimens including normal oral mucosa (NOM), dysplasia (DYS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Vascularity increased significantly with disease progression; it was also higher in NOM adjacent to SCC than in NOM from healthy tissue, suggesting an association with field cancerisation. VEGF expression in epithelial cells was evaluated using two antibodies and three indices. VEGF indices and vascularity were not directly correlated. The expression of VEGF was similar in all DYS and NOM specimens, whether or not adjacent to a concurrent lesion. A comparison of SCC with NOM or DYS led to opposite results, depending on the VEGF antibody and index used. We conclude that VEGF expression in the oral mucosa may play a physiological role, but does not appear to be associated with angiogenesis, field cancerisation or transition to dysplasia. Further studies concerned with tumour development require examining specific VEGF isoforms and standardisation of the methodology.
Nerve fibres in osteoid osteoma. (1988)

Many authors have attempted to explain the mechanism of pain in osteoid osteoma and, in the past, several histological studies have been carried out with the specific aim of verifying the existence of nerve fibres within the tumour. The histochemical procedures based on the affinity of nerves for silver stains have made it possible to demonstrate the presence of fine nerve fibres disposed alongside and around the vessels. An analogous study was conducted to confirm this and to supply further morphological and functional information useful for an understanding of the genesis of pain. The study involved three cases of osteoid osteoma using both traditional histochemical procedures and electron microscopy. The latter, in particular, allowed us to confirm the myelinic nature of the nerve fibres observed under optic microscopy. Based on these observations, the authors present a hypothesis on the function of the nerve fibres in the mechanism of pain stimulation.
Differentiation Induction of Mouse Neural Stem Cells in Hydrogel Tubular Microenvironments with Controlled Tube Dimensions (2016)

In this paper, a tubular 3D microenvironment created in a calcium alginate hydrogel microtube with respect to the effect of scaffold dimensions on the differentiation of mouse neuronal stem cells (mNSCs) is evaluated. Five types of hydrogel microtubes with different core diameters (≈65-200 μm) and shell thicknesses (≈30-110 μm) are fabricated by using a double coaxial microfluidic device, and differentiation of encapsulated mNSCs is induced by changing the growth medium to the differentiation medium. The influence of the microtube geometries is examined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent immunocytochemistry. The analyses reveal that differences in microtube thickness within 30-110 μm affected the relative Tuj1 expression but do not affect the morphology of encapsulated mNSCs. The diameters of cores influence both the relative Tuj1 expression and morphology of the differentiated neurons. It is found that the tubular microenvironment with a core diameter of less than ≈100 μm contributes to forming highly viable and aligned neural tissue. The tubular microenvironment can provide an effective method for constructing microfiber-shaped neural tissues with geometrically controlled differentiation induction.
Performance of a storage system for supporting different video types and qualities (1996)

Future video-on-demand (VoD) servers will need to support many existing and emerging video data types. These data types include 15-fps (frames per second) animation, 30-fps National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) quality video, and 60-fps high definition television (HDTV) video. The different display speeds and frame sizes of these various video types impose a major constraint on the design of VoD storage systems. This paper presents the results of an experimental study, conducted on a Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI) Onyx computer system, that investigated the impact of these video types on the design of a VoD storage system. The key issues involved in supporting these different video types in a VoD environment are as follows: (1) the video allocation method and (2) the proper block size (a "block" is a basic unit of several contiguous video frames that will be accessed from several disks each time a request is made) to use for data striping and retrieval. Two allocation schemes, logical volume striping and application level striping, along with varying frame and block sizes for each of the three different video data types are examined. The focus of our study is to determine the maximum number of concurrent accesses that can be supported with a guaranteed quality-of-service (QoS). The degree of scalability (i.e., striping data over more disk arrays) of the experimental VoD system used is also studied. Based on our experimental results, application level striping demands smaller block sizes for all three video types, and more concurrent accesses can be distributed over the storage devices. The experimental results demonstrate that application level striping has excellent scalability for animation and NTSC videos.
Data Blocks (2016)

This work aims at reducing the main-memory footprint in high performance hybrid OLTP & OLAP databases, while retaining high query performance and transactional throughput. For this purpose, an innovative compressed columnar storage format for cold data, called Data Blocks is introduced. Data Blocks further incorporate a new light-weight index structure called Positional SMA that narrows scan ranges within Data Blocks even if the entire block cannot be ruled out. To achieve highest OLTP performance, the compression schemes of Data Blocks are very light-weight, such that OLTP transactions can still quickly access individual tuples. This sets our storage scheme apart from those used in specialized analytical databases where data must usually be bit-unpacked. Up to now, high-performance analytical systems use either vectorized query execution or just-in-time (JIT) query compilation. The fine-grained adaptivity of Data Blocks necessitates the integration of the best features of each approach by an interpreted vectorized scan subsystem feeding into JIT-compiled query pipelines. Experimental evaluation of HyPer, our full-fledged hybrid OLTP & OLAP database system, shows that Data Blocks accelerate performance on a variety of query workloads while retaining high transaction throughput.
Efficient Fiber-to-Waveguide Edge Coupling Using an Optical Fiber Axicon Lens Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam (2017)

Efficient edge coupling into a silicon waveguide is demonstrated using an optical fiber axicon lens operating at 1550 nm. The axicon was fabricated on the cleaved endfacet of an SMF-28e optical fiber using a focused ion beam milling process. The lens converts the guided mode of the optical fiber (mode field diameter of 10.4 μm) into a Bessel-type beam with an extended depth of focus, which was verified both experimentally and by three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations. Axicon lenses with a diameter of 15 μm and heights of 3.5 and 5.0 μm were fabricated, and their focusing effect optically characterized through high-resolution confocal imaging, showing a focal spot size of 3.57 and 2.34 μm, respectively. The coupling efficiency from the axicon into a silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit is comparable to that of a commercial tapered lensed fiber, and in some cases slightly higher. Due to the extended depth of focus, the axicon lens also offers a larger alignment tolerance in the longitudinal direction.
How is User Interface Prototyping Really Done in Practice? A Survey of User Interface Designers (2010)

The iterative design and evaluation of user interface prototypes is central to the user-centered design process. Designers potentially use a variety of prototyping tools and technologies, ranging from simple art supplies to custom prototyping languages and environments. While we know anecdotally that a range of prototyping technologies are used, there exists little empirical research into what technologies designers actually use in practice, and how and why those technologies are used. To explore these issues, we developed an on-line survey, which was completed by 87 user interface researchers and professionals who attended the CHI 2008 conference. Our results not only provide insight into the current state of user interface prototyping in practice; they also suggest preliminary requirements for the next generation of user interface prototyping software.