gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resolving ambiguities to create a natural computer-based sketching environment (2006)

Current computer-based design tools for mechanical engineers are not tailored to the early stages of design. Most designs start as pencil and paper sketches, and are entered into CAD systems only when nearly complete. Our goal is to create a kind of "magic paper" capable of bridging the gap between these two stages. We want to create a computer-based sketching environment that feels as natural as sketching on paper, but unlike paper, understands a mechanical engineer's sketch as it is drawn. One important step toward realizing this goal is resolving ambiguities in the sketch---determining, for example, whether a circle is intended to indicate a wheel or a pin joint---and doing this as the user draws, so that it doesn't interfere with the design process. We present a method and an implemented program that does this for freehand sketches of simple 2-D mechanical devices.
A New Catalyst for the Living Polymerization of Lactones to Polyesters (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Catalyst for the Living Polymerization of Lactones to PolyestersA. Hamitou, R. Jérôme, A. J. Hubert, and Ph. TeyssiéCite this: Macromolecules 1973, 6, 4, 651–652Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60034a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60034a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A standardized Romanowsky stain prepared from purified dyes. (1975)

Stains consisting of combinations of various thiazine dyes with eosin, for example, those of Giemsa, Leishman, and Wright, are used routinely to study the cellular morphology of blood and bone marrow. The major problem in the use of these Romanowsky- type stains is batch-to-batch variations in their staining properties as a result of variations in their dye composition and the presence of contaminating metal salts (Lillie, 1943 and 1944a; Lillie and Roe, 1942; Marshall et al, 1975a; Saal, 1964; Scott and French, 1924).
Competitive Inhibition of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Binding by <i>N</i>‐2‐Hydroxyethylpiperazine‐N′‐2‐ Ethanesulfonic Acid and Related Buffers (1981)

Several Good buffers (MOPS, ACES, BES, HEPES, ADA, and PIPES) competitively inhibited both high-affinity and low-affinity [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor binding to rat brain synaptic membranes. The most potent inhibitor was MOPS, which had Ki values of 180 nM and 79 nM for the high- and low-affinity binding sites, respectively. HEPES had Ki values of 2.25 mM and 115 microM. The buffers had no appreciable effect on sodium-dependent GABA binding or on gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity. Surprisingly, the buffers were extremely ineffectual as inhibitors of either high- or low-affinity [3H]muscimol binding. Indeed, they were of the order of 10(5) times less effective in this case than against [3H]GABA binding. These results clearly show (a) that the use of such buffers as MOPS or HEPES should be avoided in studying the interaction of GABA with its receptor, and (b) the binding sites of [3H]GABA and [3H]muscimol are not identical.
Modeling of planar applicators for microwave thermotherapy (2002)

In order to improve the external applicators used for microwave thermotherapy controlled by microwave radiometry in medical applications, we propose specific planar applicators developed for heating: either annular ones to be used at the frequency equal to 915 MHz or in the shape of a horseshoe (short-circuited ring) for 434 MHz. The final goal of this paper is the realization of a honeycomb network for the treatment of larger areas and greater volumes.
Vision based hand gesture interpretation using recursive estimation (2002)

Gesture recognition requires spatio-temporal image sequence analysis. The actual length of the sequence varies with each instantiation of the gesture, and can be quite long in the case of a multiple gesture sequence. To achieve adequate system response we introduce the concept of recursive estimation of the gesture state. This consists of modeling the gestures as a sequence of static hand poses. Using a hidden Markov model where the unobservable state is the spatio-temporal gesture and the hand poses are the observations allows us to determine the current probabilities of each gesture with a finite state estimator. This decomposes the gesture recognition process into two stages: identification of the hand pose within the current image frame and incorporation of the new information into the probability estimates. We illustrate the performance of the estimator by describing the implementation of a telerobotic application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of Eccentricity Faults in Induction Machines Based on Nameplate Parameters (2010)

Eccentricity-related faults in induction motors have been studied extensively over the last few decades. They can exist in the form of static or dynamic eccentricity or both, in which case it is called a mixed eccentricity fault. These faults cause bearing damage, excessive vibration and noise, unbalanced magnetic pull, and under extreme conditions, stator-rotor rub which may seriously damage the motors. Since eccentricity faults are often associated with large induction machines, the repair or replacement costs arising out of such a scenario may easily run into tens and thousands of dollars. Previous research works have shown that it is extremely difficult to detect such faults if they appear individually, rather than in mixed form, unless the number of rotor bars and the pole-pair number conform to certain relationships. In this paper, it is shown that the terminal voltages of induction machines at switch-off reveal certain features that can lead to the detection of these faults in individual form, even in machines that do not show these signatures in line-current spectrum in steady state, or to the detection of the main contributory factor in case of mixed eccentricity.
Full Motion and Flow Field Recovery From Echo Doppler Data (2007)

We present a new computational method for reconstructing a vector velocity field from scattered, pulsed-wave ultrasound Doppler data. The main difficulty is that the Doppler measurements are incomplete, for they do only capture the velocity component along the beam direction. We thus propose to combine measurements from different beam directions. However, this is not yet sufficient to make the problem well posed because 1) the angle between the directions is typically small and 2) the data is noisy and nonuniformly sampled. We propose to solve this reconstruction problem in the continuous domain using regularization. The reconstruction is formulated as the minimizer of a cost that is a weighted sum of two terms: 1) the sum of squared difference between the Doppler data and the projected velocities 2) a quadratic regularization functional that imposes some smoothness on the velocity field. We express our solution for this minimization problem in a B-spline basis, obtaining a sparse system of equations that can be solved efficiently. Using synthetic phantom data, we demonstrate the significance of tuning the regularization according to the a priori knowledge about the physical property of the motion. Next, we validate our method using real phantom data for which the ground truth is known. We then present reconstruction results obtained from clinical data that originate from 1) blood flow in carotid bifurcation and 2) cardiac wall motion.
Laparoscopic Needle-Retrieval Device for Improving Quality of Care in Minimally Invasive Surgery (2013)

Recovery of lost surgical needles during porcine laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible with a simple articulating magnetic device. Our initial in vivo experience suggests that recovery is markedly faster using the magnetic device than the standard approach, even in the hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeons. This device will be particularly useful as minimally invasive robotic and single-site surgical techniques are adopted and, in the future, it should be integrated into the standard protocol for locating lost needles during surgery.
Nucleotide sequence and distribution of gene tetO encoding tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter coli (1987)

The nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance gene encoded by the self-transferable plasmid pIP1433 in Campylobacter coli BM2509 has been determined. The resistance gene, tetO, was located in an open reading frame of 1917 bp corresponding to a protein with a calculated Mr of 72 290. The transcriptional and translational signals have been identified. The tetO gene exhibits 76% sequence identity with tetM from Streptococcus and the deduced amino acid sequences are 77% homologous. The substitutions are scattered throughout indicating that the two genes have diverged from a common ancestor. We suggest that tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter is due to acquisition of a gene originating in a Gram-positive bacterium. The distribution of tetO in hundred strains of C. jejuni and C. coli resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 32 μg/ml) and to minocycline (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml) was studied by dot blot hybridization under high stringency conditions using a 1.4-kb intragenic probe. Homology with tetO was detected in 98 strains isolated from humans and animals in various geographical areas. None of the strains hybridized with tetM under the same conditions. These data indicate that tetO is widespread among Campylobacter spp. probably due to conjugative plasmids.
Influence of Defects on the External Crystal Surface on Molecular Uptake into MFI-Type Zeolites (2004)

The interference microscopy technique, which was recently introduced in our laboratory, is applied to study transient intracrystalline concentration profiles in ZSM-5 crystals during adsorption and desorption of isobutane. Two different zeolite samples were used, viz., samples of etched and of nonetched ZSM-5 crystals. Etching has been carried out to remove the outer layer of the crystal surface, which may contain large amounts of defects and impurities. Studying the transient concentration profiles in both samples provides unique information on the influence of surface defects on molecular uptake. It is shown that, depending on their type, the defects of the crystal surface can either increase or decrease the rate of adsorption/desorption. The former effect is associated with adsorption/desorption through cracks in the crystal surface. The latter has its origin in the blockage or structural changes of the external crystal surface, leading to the appearance of surface transport barriers. Owing to the ability of interference microscopy to gain direct insight into the influence of surface defects on molecular uptake, this technique gives more accurate information on the transport diffusivities in zeolite crystals than the classical uptake methods.
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION AMONG ALCOHOLICS (1985)

Alcohol consumption is one of the major determinants of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Very few studies have examined the correlation between alcohol consumption and high density lipoprotein subclasses. It has been suggested that HDL2 is probably the fraction that is associated with reduced coronary heart disease. The current research investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol among 234 alcoholics who were admitted for abstinence. The results indicated that the elevated serum HDL cholesterol concentrations among alcoholics were a combination of an increase in both HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol. HDL cholesterol and HDL2 cholesterol increased with more alcohol consumption until about 450 ml of ethanol consumption per day when serum HDL cholesterol and HDL2 cholesterol decreased. HDL3 cholesterol showed a similar trend but was not statistically significant. In addition, the serum concentrations of HDL cholesterol and subclasses were positively correlated with liver enzymes. Those with alcohol-related liver disease had significantly higher HDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels than those without. Both HDL cholesterol and subclasses decreased concomitantly with the decline in liver enzymes within one month of abstinence. The possible biologic mechanisms linking alcohol drinking with HDL cholesterol through liver induction and sex hormone changes are discussed.
Early Detection of Cancer: Molecular Markers (1994)

Part 1: Overview of Screening, Early Detection, and Prevention: Molecular Biology in Lung Cancer Prevention: From the Bench to the Bedside Global Strategies for the Early Detection of Epithelial Cancer Upper Aerodigestive Tract Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention The Challenges of Population Screening Molecular Strategies for Early Detection, Prevention, and Therapy Clinical Trial Challenges: Use of Molecular Biology in Early Detection Cancer Research Molecular Tools for Early Detection of Cancer: Specificity, Sensitivity, and Epidemiologic Consideration Tissue Resources in the Detection and Evaluation of Markers Serum and Cell Respiratory in Early Cancer Studies Part 2: General Molecular Strategies for Early Detection: Molecular Targets Applicable to the Early Detection of Human Cancers Genetic Alterations in Gynecologic Cancers AP-1: A Molecular Target for Prevention of Carcinogenesis Detection of Recessive Genetic Changes in Prostate Cancer Identification of Gene Mutations in Cancer Screening Early Detection of Cancer Using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization and Comparative Genomic Hybridization Molecular Detection Technology: An Industry Perspective Part 3: Organ-Specific Molecular Strategies for Early Detection: An Approach to the Clinical Application of a Lung Cancer Marker Molecular Genetic Detection of Lymphoma Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: A Molecular Overview Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: Challenges and Controversies Autoantibodies to the p53 Protein in Breast Cancer Patients Nipple Aspirates Fluids in Studies of Breast Disease Early Detection Markers in Esophageal Cancer Practical Approaches to Molecular Screening of Colon Cancer Protein Tyrosine Kinases in the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer HPV Testing Can Be Used to Improve Cervical Cancer Screening Molecular Genetic Features of Ovarian Cancer: Potiential for Development of Early Detection Strategies Part 4: Summary and Recommendations: Basic Science, Technical Development, and Clinical and Laboratory-to Field Application Issues
A comparison of data from airborne, semi-airborne, and ground electromagnetic systems (2001)

Abstract The region around a small conductive massive sulfide body near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, was used as a test site to compare airborne and ground electromagnetic (EM) systems with a new experimental EM system that uses a ground-based transmitter and an airborne receiver. In this test survey, the semi-airborne data were acquired with the transmitter loop used for the ground survey and the receiver normally used for the airborne system. At the time the data were acquired, there was no synchronization between the semi-airborne receiver and the ground transmitter. However, subsequent digital processing of the full waveform data allowed the zero-time position to be defined. The data could then be stacked and windowed. The ratio of the peak signal to the late-time noise level for the airborne data is about 25:1, the semi-airborne data shows signal-to-noise ratios of 500:1, while the signal-to-noise ratio for the ground data has a ratio of 50 000:1. This particular conductor is very close to the ground transmitter and receiver, so the signal-to-noise ratio for the ground system is very high. Numerical modeling shows that the marked advantage of the ground system is reduced when the conductor is deeper. However, the semi-airborne system will generally show signal-to-noise intermediate between the airborne and ground systems. From an operational perspective, the semi-airborne system has features of both the ground and airborne systems. Like the ground system, it is necessary to lay a transmitter loop on the ground; but because an aircraft is used, the semi-airborne receiver can cover the survey area much more quickly.
Prolonged Withdrawal from Repeated Noncontingent Cocaine Exposure Increases NMDA Receptor Expression and ERK Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens (2009)

Cocaine-induced changes in glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play a key role in cocaine behavioral effects. Activation of ionotropic glutamate receptor NMDA receptor (NMDAR) in the VTA is critical for the development of cocaine psychomotor sensitization. However, the role of NMDAR in the NAc, a brain area critical for the expression of cocaine psychomotor sensitization, remains to be explored. Here, we show that repeated noncontingent cocaine injections increased NAc NMDAR subunits, NR1, NR2A, and NR2B 21 d, but not 1 d, after withdrawal from cocaine. These changes were associated with an increase in the GluR1 subunit of the AMPA receptor. We also found a time-dependent increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity which correlated with the increased expression of NMDAR subunits. Furthermore, the increase in GluR1 and ERK activity was blocked after inhibition of NR2B-containing NMDAR during the development of cocaine psychomotor sensitization or when the MEK (mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase) inhibitor was microinjected into the NAc 21 d after withdrawal from cocaine. Together, these results suggest that the development of cocaine psychomotor sensitization triggers a delayed increase in the expression of NMDAR subunits in the NAc, which in turn enhances the activity of ERK. Enhanced ERK activity drives the increased expression of the GluR1 subunits, which increases the excitability of NAc neurons after prolonged withdrawal from cocaine and results in enduring expression of psychomotor sensitization.
A Fast Photometric Assay for the Determination of Hirudin (1991)

Recombinant hirudin, a potent and specific thrombin inhibitor, is considered for anticoagulant therapy. Therefore we developed a fast and sensitive chromogenic assay for its determination in plasma. Samples can be assayed directly if aprotinin, Polybrene and urea are added to the reagent mixture. The influence of progressive inhibitors is excluded by a short incubation time. The samples (20 microliters) are diluted with 1 ml reagent mixture (0.2 M Tris, 0.025 M NaCl, pH 8.1, containing 0.833 M urea, 0.7 trypsin inhibitory units/ml aprotinin, 100 ng/ml Polybrene and 0.31 NIH units/ml bovine thrombin). After an incubation time of 1 min, 100 microliters Chromoyzm TH (Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA, 1.9 mM) is added. delta absorbance/min is linear at least up to 3 min. The calibration curve is linear up to at least 800 ng hirudin/ml plasma. The inter- and intraassay coefficient of variation in hirudin spiked normal plasma is below 5%. The detection limit is at 25 ng hirudin/ml. In plasma samples obtained from healthy subjects under hirudin therapy, a good correlation was found to the activated partial thromboplastin time (r = 0.89). In conclusion, we describe a fast and simple chromogenic substrate test to assay hirudin in plasma. Under assay conditions, the influence of endogenous thrombin inhibitors can be neglected.
Resonance Surface Plasmon Spectroscopy:  Low Molecular Weight Substrate Binding to Cytochrome P450 (2006)

A new detection mechanism has been developed for low molecular weight substrate binding to heme proteins based on resonance localized surface plasmon spectroscopy. Cytochrome P450 has strong electronic transitions in the visible wavelength region. Upon binding of a substrate molecule (e.g., camphor), the absorption band of cytochrome P450 shifts to shorter wavelength. The event of camphor binding to a nanoparticle surface modified with cytochrome P450 protein receptors is monitored using UV-vis spectroscopy. It is observed for the first time that the binding of the substrate molecules to the protein receptor induces a blue-shift in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the nanosensors. The coupling between the molecular resonance of the substrate-free and substrate-bound cytochrome P450 proteins and the nanoparticles' LSPR leads to a highly wavelength-dependent LSPR response. When the LSPR of the nanoparticles is located at a wavelength distant from the cytochrome P450 resonance, an average of approximately 19 nm red-shift is observed upon cytochrome P450 binding to the nanoparticles and a approximately 6 nm blue-shift is observed upon camphor binding However, this response is significantly amplified approximately 3 to 5 times when the LSPR of the nanoparticles is located at a slightly longer wavelength than the cytochrome P450 resonance, that is, a 66.2 nm red-shift upon cytochrome P450 binding and a 34.7 nm blue-shift upon camphor binding. This is the first example of the detection of small molecules binding to a protein modified nanoparticle surface on the basis of LSPR.
Voice analysis for detecting patients with Parkinson’s disease using the hybridization of the best acoustic features (2016)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology. It causes, during its course, vocal impairment in approximately 90% of patients. PD patients suffer from hypokinetic dysarthria, which manifests in all aspects of speech production: respiration, phonation, articulation, nasality and prosody. To evaluate these, clinicians have adopted perceptual methods, based on acoustic cues, to distinguish different disease states. In order to improve these evaluations, we used a variety of voice samples comprising the numbers from 1 to 10, four rhymed sentences, nine Turkish words plus the sustained vowels a, o, and u. Samples were collected from 40 people, 20 with PD. We used the method of Leave- One-Subject-Out (LOSO) validation with a K Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classifier with its different types of kernels, (i.e.; RBF, Linear, polynomial and MLP). The best result obtained was 82.5% using two diffirent voice samples; 1- the 4 th acoustic features along with the 17 th voice samples; 2- The 3 th and the 5 th acoustic features along with 20 th voice sample.
Linear and nonlinear analysis of controlled combustion processes. I. Linear analysis (2003)

The results of analysis using a reduced-order model of combustion instability derived at UTRC and experiments with active control using fuel modulation motivated a study of what performance is achievable using active control. Limitations due to lightly damped or unstable eigenvalues, delay, disturbances, and limited actuator authority and bandwidth are studied. In this part of the paper we focus on linear analysis of a combustion model and study effect of delay in the model and limited actuator bandwidth.