gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drosophila Lysyl Oxidases Dmloxl-1 and Dmloxl-2 Are Differentially Expressed and the Active DmLOXL-1 Influences Gene Expression and Development (2005)

Mammalian lysyl oxidase (LOX) is essential for the catalysis of lysyl-derived cross-links in fibrillar collagens and elastin in the extracellular matrix and has also been implicated in cell motility, differentiation, and tumor cell invasion. The active LOX has been shown to translocate to the nuclei of smooth muscle cells and regulate chromatin structure and transcription. It is difficult to interpret the role of the LOX protein as it is co-expressed with other members of the LOX amine oxidase family in most mammalian cells. To investigate the function of the LOX proteins, we have characterized the Drosophila lysyl oxidases Dmloxl-1 and Dmloxl-2. We present the gene, domain structure, and expression pattern of Dmloxl-1 and Dmloxl-2 during development. In early development, only Dmloxl-1 was expressed, which allowed functional studies. We have expressed Dmloxl-1 in S2 cells and determined that it is a catalytically active enzyme, inhibited by beta-amino-proprionitrile (BAPN), a specific LOX inhibitor. We localized DmLOXL-1 in the nuclei in embryos and in adult salivary gland cells in the nuclei, cytoplasm, and cell surface, using immunostaining and a DmLOXL-1 antibody. To address the biological function of Dmloxl-1, we raised larvae under BAPN inhibitory conditions and over-expressed Dmloxl-1 in transgenic Drosophila. DmLOXL-1 inhibition resulted in developmental delay and a shift in sex ratio; over-expression in the w(m4) variegating strain increased drosopterin production, demonstrating euchromatinization. Our previous data on the transcriptional down-regulation of seven ribosomal genes and the glue gene under inhibitory conditions and the current results collectively support a nuclear role for Dmloxl-1 in euchromatinization and gene regulation.
Bronchoalveolar cell activation after inhalation of a bronchoconstricting agent (1988)

Airway inflammation is thought to be an important determinant of bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperreactivity. We have recently demonstrated that bronchoconstriction induced by an aqueous extract of cotton bracts (CBE) is associated with bronchoalveolar complement activation, release of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) chemoattractants by pulmonary cells, and increased numbers of bronchoalveolar lavage PMN's. In the present study we performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on subjects after CBE or control (saline) challenge and examined whether BAL cells were activated in vitro to produce other inflammatory agonists. After CBE administration, cultured BAL cells released increased amounts of the reactive O2 species, superoxide (O2-.), and the cyclooxygenase products prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2. Although none of these in vitro parameters of BAL cell activation appeared to correlate with the degree of bronchoconstriction induced by CBE, BAL fluid levels of thromboxane B2 were also increased after CBE administration and in vivo amounts of this eicasanoid did correlate with the degree of bronchoconstriction induced by CBE (r = 0.50, P less than 0.04). Finally, although cell culture supernatants were highly chemotactic for PMN's, concentrations of leukotriene B4 were not increased, suggesting other chemotaxins were released by BAL cells in this setting. We conclude that CBE administration activates bronchoalveolar cells to release reactive O2 species and cyclooxygenase products that may be important in the bronchoconstricting response to CBE.
Super-resolution in medical imaging : An illustrative approach through ultrasound (2009)

The requirements for better resolution in all medical imaging modalities currently represent a very important and open challenge. Accurate measurement and visualization of structure in living tissues is intrinsically limited by the imaging system features. Imaging beyond these limits in medical imaging is referred to as super-resolution. We provide first a brief overview of super-resolution imaging and present a technique for achieving super-resolution in medical imaging based on analysis of the imaging system point spread function, and illustrate the methodology in the case of ultrasound imaging. The technique proposed uses parametric modeling to estimate B-mode images. The technique behavior is illustrated using phantom and in vivo images.
The α-particle excited scintillation response of the liquid phase epitaxy grown LuAG:Ce thin films (2008)

Liquid phase epitaxy grown Lu3Al5O12:Ce (LuAG:Ce) 20μm thick films and plate cut from the bulk Czochralski-grown LuAG:Ce crystal were prepared for comparison of photoelectron yield (PhY) and PhY dependence on shaping time (0.5–10μs). Am241 (α particles) was used for excitation. At the 0.5μs shaping time, the best film shows comparable PhY with the bulk sample. PhY of bulk material increases noticeably more with shaping time than that of the films. Energy resolution of films is better. Influence of Pb2+ contamination in the films (from the flux) and antisite LuAl defect in bulk material is discussed.
Cyclosporin A in renal transplantation: a prospective randomized trial. (1982)

Cyclosporin A combined with prednisone was compared with standard immunosuppressive therapy (antilymphoblast globulin, prednisone, and azathioprine) in a prospective randomized trial of 100 mismatched, living related donor and cadaveric renal transplants. The results demonstrated cyclosporin A plus prednisone to be an effective immunosuppressive regimen for renal transplantation. The actuarial graft survival at 1 year was 93% for patients treated with cyclosporin A and 81% for patients treated with conventional immunosuppression. Patient survival was 98% for the cyclosporin A group and 100% for the conventional group. Cyclosporin A-treated patients had fewer rejection episodes and fewer infections complications including a marked decrease in the incidence of posttransplant cytomegalovirus infection. The side effects of cyclosporin A were mild, but nephrotoxicity caused by cyclosporin A was frequent and significant. Nephrotoxicity was reversible and managed by decreasing the daily cyclosporin A dose. It is concluded that the combination of cyclosporin A plus prednisone provides an excellent alternate immunosuppressive regimen for renal transplants as compared with conventional therapy. The consequences of long-term administration of cyclosporin A are at present unknown.
Microcell size and architecture analysis from the propagation and capacity points of view (2002)

Analyzes microcell sizes from the propagation and system capacity points of view for three different systems, three different frequencies, and two kinds of cell site locations. The systems are AMPS, IS-54, and Qualcomm CDMA. The frequencies are 900 MHz, 2 GHz, and 6 GHz. Cell site antenna locations on rooftops and in the street (on lamp posts) are considered. The environments are urban and dense suburban. Cell size will be propagation-limited or capacity-limited depending on the frequency, transmit power, location and height of the cell site antenna, cell site capacity (number of circuits equipped), and user traffic density.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<scp>A</scp> frican <scp>B</scp> lood <scp>B</scp> rotherhood (2009)

W. E. B. Du Bois's Darkwater (1920) and Lothrop Stoddard's Rising Tide of Color Against White World‐Supremacy (1921) reflected a growing worldwide political opposition between an increasingly vocal global whiteness and the rise of the dark world, now joined by a new global black anti‐colonialism. The migration of blacks from the South and the Caribbean fostered the emergence of the New Negro radicalism of Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), Hubert Harrison's Liberty League, A. Philip Randolph and Chandler Owen's Messenger , and Cyril Brigg's African Blood Brotherhood.
Potential of <b><i>nor</i></b>-Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Cholestatic and Metabolic Disorders (2015)

24-nor-ursodeoxycholic acid (norUDCA) is a side-chain shortened derivate of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Since norUDCA is only ineffectively conjugated with glycine or taurine, it has specific physicochemical and therapeutic properties distinct from UDCA. Nonamidated norUDCA undergoes cholehepatic shunting enabling 'ductular targeting' and inducing a bicarbonate-rich hypercholeresis, with cholangioprotective effects. At the same time it has direct anti-inflammatory, antilipotoxic, anti fibrotic, and antiproliferative properties targeting various liver cell populations. norUDCA appears to be one of the most promising novel treatment approaches targeting the liver and the bile duct system at multifactorial and multicellular levels. This review article is a summary of a lecture given at the XXIII International Bile Acid Meeting (Falk Symposium 194) on 'Bile Acids as Signal Integrators and Metabolic Modulators' held in Freiburg, October 8-9, 2014, and summarizes the recent progress with norUDCA as a novel therapeutic approach in cholestatic and metabolic (liver) disorders.
Tolerance and Metabolic Response of Acetogenic Bacteria toward Oxygen (2002)

The acetogens Sporomusa silvacetica, Moorella thermoacetica, Clostridium magnum, Acetobacterium woodii, and Thermoanaerobacter kivui (i) grew in both semisolid and liquid cultivation media containing O(2) and (ii) consumed small amounts of O(2). Low concentrations of O(2) caused a lag phase in growth but did not alter the ability of these acetogens to synthesize acetate via the acetyl coenzyme A pathway. Cell extracts of S. silvacetica, M. thermoacetica, and C. magnum contained peroxidase and NADH oxidase activities; catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were not detected.
Potentially Mistaking Enantiomers for Different Compounds Due to the Self-Induced Diastereomeric Anisochronism (SIDA) Phenomenon (2020)

The NMR phenomenon of self-induced diastereomeric anisochronism (SIDA) was observed with an alcohol and an ester. The alcohol exhibited large concentration-dependent chemical shifts (δ’s), which initially led us to erroneously consider whether two enantiomers were in fact atropisomers. This highlights a potential complication for the analysis of chiral compounds due to SIDA, namely the misidentification of enantiomers. A heterochiral association preference for the alcohol in CDCl3 was determined by the intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and diffusion measurements, the same preference as found in the solid state. The ester revealed more subtle effects, but concentration-dependent δ’s, observation of intermolecular NOE’s, as well as distinct signals for the two enantiomers in a scalemic sample all indicated the formation of associates. Intermolecular NOE and diffusion measurements indicated that homochiral association is slightly preferred over heterochiral association in CDCl3, thus masking association for enantiopure and racemic samples of equal concentration. As observed with the alcohol, heterochiral association was preferred for the ester in the solid state. The potential problems that SIDA can cause are highlighted and constitute a warning: Due care should be taken with respect to conditions, particularly the concentration, when measuring NMR spectra of chiral compounds. Scalemic samples of both the alcohol and the ester were found to exhibit the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon by preparative TLC, the first report of SDE by preparative TLC.
Combining high-level causal reasoning with low-level geometric reasoning and motion planning for robotic manipulation (2011)

We present a formal framework that combines high-level representation and causality-based reasoning with low-level geometric reasoning and motion planning. The frame-work features bilateral interaction between task and motion planning, and embeds geometric reasoning in causal reasoning, thanks to several advantages inherited from its underlying components. In particular, our choice of using a causality-based high-level formalism for describing action domains allows us to represent ramifications and state/transition constraints, and embed in such formal domain descriptions externally defined functions implemented in some programming language (e.g., C++). Moreover, given such a domain description, the causal reasoner based on this formalism (i.e., the Causal Calculator) allows us to compute optimal solutions (e.g., shortest plans) for elaborate planning/prediction problems with temporal constraints. Utilizing these features of high-level representation and reasoning, we can combine causal reasoning, motion planning and geometric planning to find feasible kinematic solutions to task-level problems. In our framework, the causal reasoner guides the motion planner by finding an optimal task-plan; if there is no feasible kinematic solution for that task-plan then the motion planner guides the causal reasoner by modifying the planning problem with new temporal constraints. Furthermore, while computing a task-plan, the causal reasoner takes into account geometric models and kinematic relations by means of external predicates implemented for geometric reasoning (e.g., to check some collisions); in that sense the geometric reasoner guides the causal reasoner to find feasible kinematic solutions. We illustrate an application of this framework to robotic manipulation, with two pantograph robots on a complex assembly task that requires concurrent execution of actions. A short video of this application accompanies the paper.
Experiments with Tunnel Junctions Using Ferromagnetic Metals (1968)

Results on tunnel current flow in junctions using ferromagnetic metals as electrodes or as added impurities at the barrier electrode interface are reported in this paper. Oxides of the ferromagnetic metal and aluminum oxide have been used to form the insulating barrier in combination with a second electrode made from aluminum, silver, or iron. Complete data are reported for various types of junctions using iron and iron oxide and covering a zero-bias resistance range at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K from ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ \ensuremath{\Omega} to above ${10}^{8}$ \ensuremath{\Omega}. Preliminary results on junctions using cobalt and nickel are also reported. The most general feature of interest is a very strong non-Ohmic behavior at low bias voltage and a very rapid temperature dependence of tunnel conductance, particularly in the helium temperature range. Data obtained on Al-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-Al junctions doped with iron impurities at the ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-Al interface show a strong zero-bias anomaly corresponding to a resistance maximum. This behavior appears to be generally explained by an anomalous scattering mechanism near zero bias and has been compared to the behavior of identical undoped Al-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-Al junctions. The experiments on junctions using iron oxide barriers also show strong zero-bias anomalies, but in addition show a more complex temperature dependence and an unusual breakdown effect at high voltages. These latter features are possibly associated with special properties of magnetic iron oxide ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. The data on junctions with iron oxide barriers have also been compared to the behavior predicted by standard tunnel theory, and areas of qualitative agreement can be found if a relatively low barrier height is assumed. The appropriate barrier height has been estimated as 0.025 eV from Fowler-Nordheim plots of the data. The preliminary data on junctions made with $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ and $\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ barriers also show some similar effects, but they are generally of smaller magnitude. The experimental data will be presented in detail along with a summary of the relevant theories.
Methyl‐Blocked Dimeric α,γ‐Peptide Nanotube Segments: Formation of a Peptide Heterodimer through Backbone–Backbone Interactions (2005)

Cyclic peptides can dimerize through β-sheet-like hydrogen bonding. Heterodimerization is favored over homodimerization, which creates interesting combinatorial possibilities without detriment to the functionalization of amino acid side chains. These dimers represent a new class of self-assembling peptide nanotubes in which the hydrophobicity of the internal cavity (see picture) can be controlled.
Stoichiometric synthesis of fullerene compounds with lithium and sodium and analysis of their IR and EPR spectra (2004)

A modified method is proposed for preparing fullerene compounds with alkali metals in a solution. The compounds synthesized have the general formula Me n C60(THF)x, where Me = Li or Na; n=1–4, 6, 8, or 12; and THF = tetrahydrofuran. The use of preliminarily synthesized additives MeC10H8 makes it possible to prepare fullerene compounds with an exact stoichiometric ratio between C 60 − and Me +. The IR and EPR spectra of the compounds prepared are analyzed and compared with the spectra of their analogs available in the literature. The intramolecular modes T u (1)-T u (4) for the C 60 − anion are assigned. The splitting of the T u (1) mode into a doublet at room temperature for Me n C60(THF)x (n=1, 2, 4) compounds indicates that the fullerene anion has a distorted structure. An increase in the intensity of the T u (2) mode, a noticeable shift of the T u (4) mode toward the long-wavelength range, and an anomalous increase in the intensity of the latter mode for the Li3C60(THF)x complex suggest that, in the fullerene anion, the coupling of vibrational modes occurs through the charge-phonon mechanism. The measured EPR spectra of lithium-and sodium-containing fullerene compounds are characteristic of C 60 − anions. The g factors for these compounds are almost identical and do not depend on temperature. The g factor for the C 60 − anion depends on the nature of the metal and differs from the g factor for the C 60 − anion.
Statistical active learning in multilayer perceptrons (2000)

This paper proposes new methods for generating input locations actively in gathering training data, aiming at solving problems unique to multilayer perceptrons. One of the problems is that optimum input locations, which are calculated deterministically, sometimes distribute densely around the same point and cause local minima in backpropagation training. Two probabilistic active learning methods, which utilize the statistical variance of locations, are proposed to solve this problem. One is parametric active learning and the other is multipoint-search active learning. Another serious problem in applying active learning to multilayer perceptrons is that a Fisher information matrix can be singular, while many methods, including the proposed ones, assume its regularity. A technique of pruning redundant hidden units is proposed to keep the Fisher information matrix regular. Combined with this technique, active learning can be applied stably to multilayer perceptrons. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated through computer simulations on simple artificial problems and a real-world problem of color conversion.
A technical and economic assessment of fuel oil hydrotreating technology for steam power plant SO2 and NOx emissions control (2016)

This work presents a simulation approach to the design and economic evaluation of fuel oil hydrotreating processes for the control of SO2 and NOx emission in an Iranian steam power plant. The percent of fuel oil desulphurization was estimated from the SO2 emissions standards for power plants. Based on two different scenarios according to (I) European and (II) Iranian standards, the design and simulation of hydrodesulphurization reactors, separation, heat recovery, and amine gas sweetening sections were performed and an economic assessment of the plant was investigated for each scenario. The results indicated the following: the cost price of each barrel of low sulfur fuel oil produced in such plants was estimated at 4.24 US$ for scenario (I) and 3.17 US$ for scenario (II); the levelized cost of desulfurization in power production was estimated at 0.618 c/kWh for (I) and 0.463 c/kWh for (II); and the social cost savings of replacing every barrel of low sulfur fuel oil instead of one barrel of high sulfur fuel oil were estimated at 26.7 US$ for (I) and 13.6 US$ (II).
Optimization of 4H-SiC MOS Properties with Cesium Implantation (2008)

The effect of incorporation of cesium with implantation on the electrical characteristics of SiO2/4H-SiC interface has been evaluated using MOS capacitors. With a cesium dosage of 1012 and 3x1012 cm-2 on deposited oxide re-oxidized in steam, effective oxide charge densities of - 1.4x1012 and -7.5x1011 cm-2 respectively were extracted and a cesium implant activation percentage of 33% was estimated from flatband voltage shift. Also, corresponding interfacial state densities of 2.5x1013 and 1.8x1013 cm-2-eV-1 near the conduction band edge were extracted from High-Low frequency C-V technique, showing a decreasing Dit with increasing Cs dosage.
AsH3 preflow effects on initial stages of GaAs grown on Si by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1991)

The effect of AsH3 preflow on initial stages of GaAs grown on Si was studied by transmission electron microscopy. As the temperature of AsH3 preflow was increased, the surface of the Si substrate became rougher: At 1000 °C, many threading dislocations originating at the rough surface were observed in the GaAs layer. In contrast, at low temperature, 450 °C, the Si surface became smooth and the dislocations were reduced. Furthermore, the Si surface was still smooth after long AsH3 preflow at 450 °C. The roughness of the Si surface is attributed to the supply of As atoms to the Si surface at high temperature.
Biodosimetry Medical Recording—Use of the Biodosimetry Assessment Tool (2010)

Effective and dynamic recording of radiation exposure and medical diagnostic information for individuals suspected or known to have been exposed to ionizing radiation contributes to appropriate formulation of medical treatment strategies and radiation protection management. The objectives of this article are to report the database entry templates or screens, provide general use guidelines, and discuss the application to selected radiation exposure scenarios for the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute's software application, Biodosimetry Assessment Tool (BAT). BAT data entry screens were developed based on consensus generic guidance and organized into discrete categories (i.e., physical dosimetry, contamination, prodromal symptoms, hematology, lymphocyte cytogenetics, erythema/wound, and infection) to facilitate its practical use during the early-phase response for radiological incidents. The summary report provides a concise output of information on radiation exposure, radionuclide contamination, dose assessment based on biological indicators (i.e., cytogenetic chromosome aberration bioassays, time to onset of vomiting, lymphocyte cell counts or depletion kinetics), and relevant clinical signs and symptoms. The BAT report template is compliant with NATO and international guidance for recording ionizing radiation exposures for medical purposes.