gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A unique gene encodes spliceoforms of the B-cell adhesion molecule cell surface glycoprotein of epithelial cancer and of the Lutheran blood group glycoprotein (1996)

Two new members of the Ig superfamily, the Lutheran (Lu) blood group glycoprotein and the B-cell adhesion molecule (B-CAM) epithelial cancer antigen, have been recently cloned from human placenta and colon cancer HT29 cell line, respectively. Although amino acid sequences deduced from cDNA analysis suggested that B-CAM should represent an abridged form of the Lu glycoprotein lacking the last 40 amino acids of the putative cytoplasmic tail, the relationship between the genes encoding these polypeptides has not been determined. In the present report, we showed by Southern blot analysis that the Lu and B-CAM cDNAs derived from a unique LU gene which exhibited an HindIII RFLP associated with the Lua/Lub blood group polymorphism. Accordingly, in situ hybridization of the Lu cDNA probe confirmed the localization of the Lutheran blood group locus to chromosome 19 q13.2-13.3, as previously shown for a B-CAM DNA probe. Sequence comparison between cDNA and genomic PCR fragments indicated that the Lu and B-CAM transcripts previously isolated are generated through the alternative use of internal splice donor and acceptor sites within an exon located at the 3' end of the LU gene. These spliceoforms corresponded to 2.5 kb and 4.0 kb mRNA species detectable by Northern blot in all tissues and cell lines in which the LU gene is expressed; their primary structures are consistent with the presence of both the Lu and B-CAM antigens on two glycoprotein isoforms. However, the 4.0 kb transcript was very poorly expressed as compared to the 2.5 kb species except in the colon carcinoma HT29 cell line, suggesting a differential regulation of the Lu/B-CAM messenger RNA in some tumor tissues.
The use of human serum in supporting the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of human conjunctival epithelial cells (2005)

The proliferative capacity of conjunctival epithelial cells cultivated in HS supplemented cultures was comparable to FBS and BPE supplemented cultures. The elimination of animal material from the culture system is advantageous when cultivating cells for clinical transplantation.
Interaction of D-Type Cyclins with a Novel myb-Like Transcription Factor, DMP1 (1996)

The cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 trigger phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) late in G1 phase, helping to cancel its growth-suppressive function and thereby facilitating S-phase entry. Although specific inhibition of cyclin D-dependent kinase activity in vivo can prevent cells from entering S phase, it does not affect S-phase entry in cells lacking functional RB, implying that RB may be the only substrate of CDK4 and CDK6 whose phosphorylation is necessary for G1 exit. Using a yeast two-hybrid interactive screen, we have now isolated a novel cyclin D-interacting myb-like protein (designated DMP1), which binds specifically to the nonamer DNA consensus sequences CCCG(G/T)ATGT to activate transcription. A subset of these DMP1 recognition sequences containing a GGA trinucleotide core can also function as Ets-responsive elements. DMP1 mRNA and protein are ubiquitously expressed throughout the cell cycle in mouse tissues and in representative cell lines. DMP1 binds to D-type cyclins directly in vitro and when coexpressed in insect Sf9 cells. In both settings, it can be phosphorylated by cyclin D-dependent kinases, suggesting that its transcriptional activity may normally be regulated through such mechanisms. These results raise the possibility that cyclin D-dependent kinases regulate gene expression in an RB independent manner, thereby serving to link other genetic programs to the cell cycle clock.
A DIABETIC RABBIT MODEL FOR PIG ISLET XENOTRANSPLANTATION1 (1993)

An alloxan-diabetic rabbit model was established for the testing of the function of discordant xenogeneic pig islets isolated and purified from adult pig pancreata. The functional state of the pig islet transplants and immunological state of the rabbit recipients were assessed. Intraportal transplantation of 0.47 +/- 0.01 ml of pig islets with estimated 57418 +/- 5020 in number containing an estimated insulin content of 33.93 +/- 2.97 units (n = 7; mean +/- SEM) resulted in the normalization of blood glucose with a corresponding rise in insulin levels in the diabetic rabbit recipients for 2 days. An intravenous glucose tolerance test performed in 4 recipients during the normoglycemic period resulted in an improved K rate (2.5 +/- 0.4) over the diabetic controls, but this was significantly lower than the normal control animals (K rate = 4.5 +/- 0.4; n = 8). In vitro studies demonstrated that the preformed antibodies detected in the rabbit recipients were cytotoxic to the pig islet cells and lymphocytes. Heat treatment at 56 degrees C and mercaptoethanol treatment markedly reduced the cytotoxic activities of the sera. These findings implicated involvement of complement and IgM class antibodies in the killing of the pig islet cells. Furthermore, pig islet transplants at the kidney capsule site were coated with IgM class antibodies. This study has demonstrated that pig islets can be successfully isolated and purified in sufficient numbers for xenotransplantation studies in alloxan-diabetic rabbit. The porcine islet-to-alloxan diabetic rabbit combination can serve as a highly stringent and useful discordant model for assessing the effectiveness of various immunomodulation and immunosuppressive regimens. The finding of an optimal approach to immunorejection would potentially be applicable to actual clinical islet xenotransplantation in diabetic patients.
Candida biofilms: antifungal resistance and emerging therapeutic options. (2004)

Intravascular catheter infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, accounting for the majority of the 200,000 nosocomial bloodstream infections occurring in the US annually. Of the intravenous lines that are culture-positive for Candida, 40% actually represent fungemia, which generally necessitates systemic treatment and line removal to affect cure. Until recently, the reason for the need for device removal was unclear. However, our research group and others have demonstrated a near-total resistance to antifungals by biofilm-associated Candida. Similar to bacterial species, Candida biofilm formation proceeds through early, intermediate and maturation phases. This process is associated with the generation of a polysaccharide extracellular matrix (ECM). Mature C. albicans biofilms have a heterogeneous architecture, in terms of distribution of fungal cells and ECM, and exhibit broad antimicrobial resistance. The mechanisms causing such profound antifungal resistance are beginning to be understood. Recent data indicate that resistance is phase-specific and multifactorial, involving efflux pumps and sterol synthesis (at early and mature biofilm phases, respectively). Neither metabolic quiescence nor the ECM appear to contribute substantially. Susceptibility testing and confocal scanning laser microscopy demonstrated that azoles failed to exert activity against mature Candida biofilms. However, sub-inhibitory concentrations of voriconazole impaired biofilm formation and caused cell morphological aberrations. In contrast, lipid-formulation amphotericins and the echinocandins uniquely exhibited activity against mature biofilms. The mechanisms underlying this ability are unknown. The role of other pharmacological (eg, catheter coatings, antimicrobial peptides and antibiotic locks) and non-pharmacological methods in the prevention and treatment of device-related biofilms is discussed in this review.
Detection of human speech using hybrid recognition models (2002)

This paper describes the research to develop an efficient system that provides a binary decision as to the presence of speech in a short time sample of an acoustic signal. A method which is efficient and reliably detects human speech in the presence of structured noise (such as wind, music, traffic sounds, etc.) is described. There are methods which work well to detect speech in a communications environment, but previous methods can not distinguish speech from a quasi-periodic signal that have a spectral power density similar to speech (such as music). Two separate feature sets are evaluated, reliable detection is obtained down to signal to noise ratios (SNR) as low as 0 dB. The algorithm utilized is a statistical pattern classifier with radial basis function networks. Mel-cepstra and wavelet feature vectors are compared. A method of obtaining the temporal feature information is also described.
Haplotype structure of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 promoter in different ethnic groups. (2002)

Genetic variation in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)expression has several important clinical implications. UGT1A1 basal transcription is affected by a polymorphic (TA)n repeat, and another important regulatory element is the phenobarbital-responsive enhancer module (PBREM) which might contain variants affecting inducible gene expression. We assessed the extent of linkage disequilibrium between the (TA)n polymorphism and variants in the PBREM and UGT1A1 promoter. We also investigated the relationship between PBREM-(TA)n haplotypes and the glucuronidation rate of the UGT1A1 substrate SN-38. DNAs from 83 human livers were genotyped for the (TA)n polymorphism and microsomes from the same livers were phenotyped for SN-38 glucuronidation. The (TA)n polymorphism was genotyped in 24 additional African-Americans included in the Human Variation Panel (Coriell Institute). A 606-bp region spanning the PBREM was sequenced in 81 liver and a subset of 22 Human Variation Panel DNAs and six variants were found. The -3279G T and -3156G A variants are common (0.39 and 0.30, respectively). -3279G T is more common in Caucasians than African-Americans (P = 0.001). In Caucasians, linkage disequilibrium was highly significant between sites -3279, -3156, and the (TA)n polymorphism (P < 0.0001). In contrast, in African-Americans, only marginal levels of significance were observed between (TA)n and -3279 (P = 0.02) and between -3279 and -3156 (P = 0.04). Ten promoter haplotypes were identified. Haplotype I is the most common (0.39), from which haplotype II (0.15) differs at position -3279. SN-38G formation rates were correlated with (TA)n genotypes. This study showed that (i) common promoter variants are in linkage disequilibrium and (ii) the haplotype structure of promoter is probably different between Caucasians and African-Americans.
Yersinia effectors target mammalian signalling pathways (2002)

Animals have an immune system to fight off challenges from both viruses and bacteria. The first line of defence is innate immunity, which is composed of cells that engulf pathogens as well as cells that release potent signalling molecules to activate an inflammatory response and the adaptive immune system. Pathogenic bacteria have evolved a set of weapons, or effectors, to ensure survival in the host. Yersinia spp. use a type III secretion system to translocate these effector proteins, called Yops, into the host. This report outlines how Yops thwart the signalling machinery of the host immune system.
The Epidemiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Global Perspective (2008)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly recognized cause of liver disease in the United States and worldwide. With obesity being an important risk factor universally, NAFLD is now receiving greater attention and is regarded as a public health issue. In addition, as a result of an aging population and the improving control of other major causes of chronic liver disease, such as hepatitis C and hepatitis B, the burden of NAFLD is expected to increase in years to come. Prevalence estimates of this disease vary widely across populations because of differences in methods for diagnosis and/or definition. New strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and management will be required to alter the course of this disease.
Microscopic-observation drug susceptibility assay provides rapid and reliable identification of MDR-TB. (2008)

MODS is an accurate, rapid and relatively inexpensive method for the identification of MDR-TB.
Accelerating telnet performance in wireless networks (1999)

Article Accelerating telnet performance in wireless networks Share on Authors: Barron Housel IBM Corporation, P.O. Box 12195, Research Triangle Park, NC IBM Corporation, P.O. Box 12195, Research Triangle Park, NCView Profile , Ian Shields IBM Corporation, P.O. Box 12195, Research Triangle Park, NC IBM Corporation, P.O. Box 12195, Research Triangle Park, NCView Profile Authors Info & Claims MobiDe '99: Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Data engineering for wireless and mobile accessAugust 1999 Pages 69–76https://doi.org/10.1145/313300.313402Published:01 August 1999 0citation348DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads348Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Polar opposites: Fine‐tuning cytokinesis through SIN asymmetry (2012)

Mitotic exit and cell division must be spatially and temporally integrated to facilitate equal division of genetic material between daughter cells. In the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a spindle pole body (SPB) localized signaling cascade termed the septation initiation network (SIN) couples mitotic exit with cytokinesis. The SIN is controlled at many levels to ensure that cytokinesis is executed once per cell cycle and only after cells segregate their DNA. An interesting facet of the SIN is that its activity is asymmetric on the two SPBs during anaphase; however, how and why the SIN is asymmetric has remained elusive. Many key factors controlling SIN asymmetry have now been identified, shedding light on the significance of SIN asymmetry in regulating cytokinesis. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of SIN regulation, with an emphasis on how SIN asymmetry is achieved and how this aspect of SIN regulation fine-tunes cytokinesis.
Enhanced Melanin Fluorescence by Stepwise Three‐photon Excitation (2011)

The fluorescence of eumelanin (from Sepia officinalis and black human hair) was activated and enhanced by almost three orders of magnitude by exposure to near-infrared radiation. No activation or enhanced emission was observed when the samples were heated up to 100°C. The near-infrared irradiation caused obvious changes to the eumelanin and could be seen by fluorescence and bright field imaging. The area of enhanced emission appeared to originate from a region with changes in the morphology of the eumelanin's granule and increased with exposure time. At least two different components with enhanced fluorescence were activated and could be distinguished by their excitation properties. One component could be excited efficiently with wavelengths in the visible region and exhibited linear absorption dependence with respect to the laser power level. The second component could be excited efficiently using near-infrared wavelengths by a nonlinear process and exhibited a third-order dependence on the excitation. The third-order dependence is explained by a step-wise excited-state absorption process since the same third-order dependence was present when either continuous wave or femtosecond pulsed laser, with similar average-power levels, was used.
Left regional cardiac perfusion <i>in vitro</i> with platelet‐activating factor, norepinephrine and K<sup>+</sup> reveals that ischaemic arrhythmias are caused by independent effects of endogenous ‘mediators’ facilitated by interactions, and moderated by paradoxical antagonism (2004)

Various putative drug targets for suppression of ischaemia-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) have been proposed, but therapeutic success in the suppression of sudden cardiac death (SCD) has been disappointing. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a known component of the ischaemic milieu. We examined its arrhythmogenic activity, and its interaction with two other putative mediators, norepinephrine and K(+), using an ischaemia-free in vitro heart bioassay, and a specific PAF antagonist (BN-50739). PAF (0.1-100 nmol) was administered selectively to the left coronary bed of rat isolated hearts using a specially designed catheter. In some hearts, PAF was administered to the left coronary bed during concomitant regional perfusion with norepinephrine and/or K(+). In separate studies, PAF accumulation in the perfused cardiac tissue was evaluated using (3)H-PAF. PAF evoked ventricular arrhythmias concentration-dependently (P<0.05). It also widened QT interval and reduced coronary flow selectively in the PAF-exposed left coronary bed (both P<0.05). Two exposures of hearts to PAF were necessary to evoke the QT and rhythm effects. The PAF-induced arrhythmias and coronary vasoconstriction were partially suppressed by the PAF antagonist BN-50739 (10 microm), although BN-50739 itself widened QT interval. K(+) (8 and 15 mm) unexpectedly antagonised the arrhythmogenic effects of PAF without itself eliciting arrhythmias (P<0.05). Norepinephrine (0.1 microm) had little or no effect on the actions of PAF, while failing to evoke arrhythmias itself. Nevertheless, the combination of 15 mm K(+) and 0.1 microm norepinephrine evoked arrhythmias of a severity similar to arrhythmias evoked by PAF alone, without adding to or diminishing the arrhythmogenic effects of PAF. (3)H-PAF accumulated in the cardiac tissue, with 43+/-5% still present 5 min after bolus administration, accounting for the need for two exposures of the heart to PAF for evocation of arrhythmias. Thus, PAF, by activating specific receptors in the ventricle, can be expected to contribute to arrhythmogenesis during ischaemia. However, its interaction with other components of the ischaemic milieu is complex, and selective block of its actions (or its accumulation) in the ischaemic milieu is alone unlikely to reduce VF/SCD.
Time-reversal space-time block coding and transmit delay diversity-separate and combined (2002)

In this paper we evaluate the performance of what we call here, time-reversal space-time block coding (Lindskog and Paulraj 2000) combined with transmit delay diversity (Wittneben 1991). For comparison we also report on the performance of the two schemes separate, earlier studied in Flore and Lindskog (2000). When combining the two methods we transmit from four antennas and when studying the methods separately we transmit from two antennas. The methods are evaluated in a GSM-like system using test channels from the GSM standard. The time-reversal space-time coding scheme outperforms the transmit delay diversity scheme in two manners. First it achieves a higher SNR gain and second it does not increase memory in the channel and thus does not increase the complexity of the equalizer in the receiver. The combination of the time-reversal space-time coding scheme with the transmit diversity scheme has improved performance as it achieves a higher diversity order. At a BER of 1% the transmit delay diversity and the time-reversal space-lime block coding scheme use separately transmitting from two antennas achieves a gain of 2.5 dB and 3 dB respectively, for an urban scenario and 4.0 and 5.0 dB for a rural scenario, compared to single antenna transmission. When the two methods are combined transmitting from four antennas, a gain of 4.0 dB and 6.0 dB is achieved for the urban and the rural scenarios, respectively.
Describing the Sequence of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: Results from an Observational Study (2016)

The sequence of cognitive decline in AD can be visualized in an animation using probability estimates for key aspects of cognition. This might be useful for clinicians to set expectations on disease progression for patients and caregivers.
Hydrogen‐bonding classes in proteins and their contribution to the unfolding reaction (2001)

This paper proposes to assess hydrogen-bonding contributions to the protein stability, using a set of model proteins for which both X-ray structures and calorimetric unfolding data are known. Pertinent thermodynamic quantities are first estimated according to a recent model of protein energetics based on the dissolution of alkyl amides. Then it is shown that the overall free energy of hydrogen-bond formation accounts for a hydrogen-bonding propensity close to helix-forming tendencies previously found for individual amino acids. This allows us to simulate the melting curve of an alanine-rich helical 50-mer with good precision. Thereafter, hydrogen-bonding enthalpies and entropies are expressed as linear combinations of backbone-backbone, backbone-side-chain, side-chain-backbone, and side-chain-side-chain donor-acceptor contributions. On this basis, each of the four components shows a different free energy versus temperature trend. It appears that structural preference for side-chain-side-chain hydrogen bonding plays a major role in stabilizing proteins at elevated temperatures.
Determination of optimal samples for robot calibration based on error similarity (2015)

Industrial robots are used for automatic drilling and riveting. The absolute position accuracy of an industrial robot is one of the key performance indexes in aircraft assembly, and can be improved through error compensation to meet aircraft assembly requirements. The achievable accuracy and the difficulty of accuracy compensation implementation are closely related to the choice of sampling points. Therefore, based on the error similarity error compensation method, a method for choosing sampling points on a uniform grid is proposed. A simulation is conducted to analyze the influence of the sample point locations on error compensation. In addition, the grid steps of the sampling points are optimized using a statistical analysis method. The method is used to generate grids and optimize the grid steps of a Kuka KR-210 robot. The experimental results show that the method for planning sampling data can be used to effectively optimize the sampling grid. After error compensation, the position accuracy of the robot meets the position accuracy requirements.
Synthesis of Bulk and Supported Molybdenum Carbide by a Single-Step Thermal Carburization Method (2007)

A facile and effective method for the preparation of bulk and alumina-supported molybdenum carbide is described. The synthesis of molybdenum carbide β-Mo2C has been conducted by a single-step heat treatment of a mixed salt precursor containing molybdenum HMT (HMT = hexamethylenetetramine) complex and HMT in argon atmosphere up to 700 °C. The formation process of the carbide has been investigated. Alumina-supported nanocrystalline β-Mo2C has also been successfully prepared with this method. The resultant catalyst exhibits good hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity. It indicates that this simple method is an effective way to synthesize active carbide catalysts.
An Archetypal Study of Maxine Hong Kingston’s Work: The Woman Warrior (2014)

This article takes Maxine Hong Kingston’s works — The Woman Warrior as the object of study. Relying on Frye’s myth and archetypal criticism, through the analysis of myths and literary classical archetypal images, the paper illustrates Maxine Hong Kingston’s rewriting process systematically, thus discussing Chinese American’s survival condition and their inner world, and Chinese American’s dissimilation and naturalization in the dominant heterogeneous culture. Meanwhile, the thesis points out that Maxine Hong Kingston’s strategy of adapting myth is, in fact, a kind of recreation of literature. She has created a new form of “American myths”.