gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What’s ‘New’ in New Literacy Studies? Critical Approaches to Literacy in Theory and Practice (2003)

What has come to be termed the New Literacy Studies (NLS) (Gee, 1991; Street, 1996) represents a new tradition in considering the nature of literacy, focusing not so much on acquisition of skills, as in dominant approaches, but rather on what it means to think of literacy as a social practice (Street, 1985). This entails the recognition of multiple literacies, varying according to time and space, but also contested in relations of power. NLS, then, takes nothing for granted with respect to literacy and the social practices with which it becomes associated, problematizing what counts as literacy at any time and place and asking literacies are dominant and whose are marginalized or resistant.
GATTO: an intelligent tool for automatic test pattern generation for digital circuits (2002)

This paper deals with the problem of automated test pattern generation for large digital circuits. A distributed approach based on genetic algorithms is presented, which exploits the computational power of workstation networks to solve the problem even for the largest circuits. A prototypical system named GATTO is presented: the experimental results show that good results can be reached with CPU times much smaller than for previous methods, and that the distributed approach provides a good speed-up with respect to the mono-processor version. Thanks to the adoption of GAs, the method is able to dynamically adapt itself to the circuit it is applied to, and it allows the user to easily trade-off results accuracy and CPU time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The ongoing pursuit of a prophylactic HSV vaccine (2012)

HSV is among the most common human pathogens in the world. It is known to cause painful, persistent skin lesions, while also being the most common cause of fatal non-epidemic encephalitis as well as the leading cause of corneal blindness. The development of prophylactic vaccines could substantially reduce global health problems associated with HSV. So far, HSV vaccine strategies have shown noticeable efficacy in early development during preclinical phases but remained unsuccessful or unproven in human trials. New understanding of how the immune system mounts a defence against HSV offers practical strategies for vaccine development. A number of promising vaccine candidates are currently awaiting clinical development or already undergoing clinical testing. Therefore, this is a suitable time to assess the progress of HSV vaccine development and consider existing challenges and future improvements needed to achieve an effective prophylactic HSV vaccine.
CORRESPONDENCE (1950)

CORRESPONDENCE: A LITTLE BACH DISCOVERY Get access FRANK WALKER FRANK WALKER 52 Darrick Wood Road, Orpington, Kent. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume XXXI, Issue 2, April 1950, Pages 184-a–184, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/XXXI.2.184-a Published: 01 April 1950
Regulatory dendritic cells protect against cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease mediated through CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (2007)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT). However, effective strategies for the treatment of cGVHD have not been established. In this study, we examined the therapeutic utility of modified dendritic cells (DCs) with a greater capacity to regulate immune responses than previously known tolerogenic DCs, regulatory DCs (DC(regs)), in the major histocompatibility complex-compatible, and multiple minor histocompatibility antigen-incompatible model of cGVHD in alloBMT. Treatment of the recipient mice after alloBMT with the recipient-type DC(regs) led to greater suppression of the incidence and severity of cutaneous cGVHD than rapamycin, whereas treatment with the recipient-type mature DCs promoted the pathogenesis. Analysis of the recipient mice suggested that the protective effect of the recipient-type DC(regs) involved the peripheral generation of alloreactive CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)regulatory T (T(R)) cells from donor-derived CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(-) T cells. Thus, immunotherapy with DC(regs) is a promising strategy for the treatment of cGVHD in alloBMT mediated through the induction of a dominant tolerance involving CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T(R) cells.
A revolution in access to space through spinoffs of SDI technology (1991)

Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) gun technology for launching small interceptors up to the size of Brilliant Pebbles is shown to extrapolate to very-low-cost-launch of Brilliant Pebbles and other small payloads in the 100-1000 kg class. Gun launch to space (GLTS) of mass-produced low-earth-orbit satellites is shown to possibly result in the creation of $100-$300 billion annual space communications market. Low-cost launch of fuel, water, and other expendables to a space station, the Moon, and Mars is shown to apply to a vigorous expansion of interplanetary missions within constrained budgets. The implications of a new GLTS space launch infrastructure which allows launches on an hourly rather than a yearly basis, at costs of thousands of dollars per launch rather than many millions, are explored. The developments and issues in electromagnetic and thermal gun launch, payload technologies, rocket propulsion, and space launch demand which could shape and drive this revolution in access to space are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sagging of the cheek is related to skin elasticity, fat mass and mimetic muscle function (2009)

Sagging may be associated with the reduction of skin elasticity and mimetic muscle function and increase of fat mass, but the relationships are different in different areas of the cheek.
Diversity in Nucleotide Binding Site–Leucine-Rich Repeat Genes in Cereals (2002)

The diversity of the largest group of plant disease resistance genes, the nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes, was examined in cereals following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning and database mining. NBS-LRR genes in rice are a large and diverse class with more than 600 genes, at least three to four times the complement of Arabidopsis. Most occur in small families containing one or a few cross-hybridizing members. Unlike in Arabidopsis and other dicots, the class of NBS-LRR genes coding for a Toll and mammalian interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain were not amplified during the evolution of the cereals. Genes coding for TIR domains are present in the rice genome, but have diverged from the NBS-LRR genes. Most cereal genes are similar in structure to the members of the non-TIR class of dicots, although many do not code for a coiled-coil domain in their amino termini. One unique class of cereal genes, with ~50 members, codes for proteins similar to the N-termini and NBS domains of resistance genes but does not code for LRR domains. The resistance gene repertoire of grasses has changed from that of dicots in their independent evolution since the two groups diverged. It is not clear whether this reflects a difference in downstream defense signaling pathways.
Controlling the Carrier-Envelope Phase of Ultrashort Light Pulses with Optical Parametric Amplifiers (2002)

The phase link between signal, idler, and pump waves in a parametric interaction allows generation of an idler pulse with a phase independent of that of the input pulse. We suggest the use of a white-light seeded optical parametric amplifier as a self-stabilized source of few-cycle pulses, in which the phase of the electric field is exactly reproduced in each laser shot.
Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers (2017)

Phosphorus is a nonmetal with several allotropes, from the highly reactive white phosphorus to the thermodynamically stable black phosphorus (BP) with a puckered orthorhombic layered structure. The bulk form of BP was first synthesized in 1914, but received little attention until it was rediscovered in 2014 as a member of the new wave of 2D layered nanomaterials. BP can be exfoliated to a single sheet that acts as a semiconductor with a tunable direct band gap, a high carrier mobility at room temperature, and an in-plane anisotropy. The development of BP applications is hampered by surface degradation, thus efforts to achieve effective BP passivation are ongoing, such as its integration in van der Waals heterostructures. BP has been tested as a novel nanomaterial in batteries, transistors, sensors, and photonics. This Review begins with the origin of the BP story, following the path from a bulk material to modern few/single layers. The physical and chemical properties are summarized, and the state-of-the-art of BP applications highlighted.
2,6,8-Trisubstituted 1-Deazapurines as Adenosine Receptor Antagonists (2007)

In this study we developed a refined pharmacophore model for antagonists of the human adenosine A1 receptor, based on features of known pyrimidine and purine derivatives. The adoption of these updated criteria assisted us in synthesizing a series of 1-deazapurines with consistently high affinity as inverse agonists for the adenosine A1 receptor. These 1-deazapurines (otherwise known as 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines) were substituted at their 2- and 6-positions, yielding a series with five of the derivatives displaying Ki values in the subnanomolar range. The most potent of these, compound 10 (LUF 5978), displayed an affinity of 0.55 nM at the human adenosine A1 receptor with >300-fold and 45-fold selectivity toward A2A and A3 receptors, respectively. Compound 14 (LUF 5981, Ki = 0.90 nM) appeared to have the best overall selectivity with respect to adenosine A2A (>200-fold) and A3 (700-fold) receptors.
State of the Art Assessment of Composite Systems Used to Repair Transmission Pipelines (2006)

For the past decade there has been relatively wide acceptance in using composite materials to repair damaged gas and liquid transmission pipelines. There have been numerous independent research programs performed by pipeline companies, research organizations, and manufacturers that have contributed to the acceptance of composites as a legitimate repair material. Additionally, insights have been gained by both pipeline operators and composite repair manufacturers during field installations. ASME has also responded by adding sections to both the ASME B31.4 and B31.8 pipeline codes, as well as currently developing a repair standard for non-metallic composite repair systems by the Post Construction Committee. Stress Engineering Services, Inc. and Kiefner & Associates, Inc. have been integrally involved in assessing the repair of pipeline systems, with the former having been involved in performing full-scale testing and analysis on most of the major U.S.-based composite repair systems. The purpose of this paper is to provide for the pipeline industry a third-party evaluation of composite repair systems and information that is needed to properly evaluate how composite materials should be used to repair high pressure pipelines. The contents of the paper will include discussions on what critical elements should be evaluated for each composite system, items of caution and concern, and the importance of evaluation to ensure safe long-term performance.
Isoflavone and Bone Metabolism: Its Cellular Mechanism and Preventive Role in Bone Loss. (2002)

Bone loss with increasing age induces osteoporosis. This loss may be due to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Osteoporosis with a decrease in bone mass is widely recognized as a major public health problem. Pharmacological and nutritional factors may prevent bone loss with increasing age. The chemical compounds in food that act on bone metabolism, however, are poorly understood. Genistein is a natural isoflavonoid phytoestrogen found in Leguminosae and has been demonstrated to have an anabolic effect on bone metabolism, suggesting its role in the prevention of osteoporosis. Genistein has a stimulatory effect on bone formation and mineralization in the tissue culture system in vitro, and it can stimulate protein synthesis in osteoblastic cells. Moreover, genistein has been shown to inhibit osteoblastic bone resorption by preventing the formation and differentiation of osteoclast-like cells from bone marrow cells, and the apoptosis of mature osteoclasts is induced by genistein through the Ca2+ signaling mechanism. Also, the suppressive effect of genistein on rat bone osteoclasts is partly involved in the inhibition of protein kinase and the activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase in osteoclasts. Daidzein, an isoflavone, did not have a greater effect than genistein. Various polyphenols [glycitein, resveratol, quercetin, catechin, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate] found in food and plants did not have an anabolic effect on bone calcification in tissue culture in vitro. Genistein may be of significance in the prevention of bone loss with increasing age. The dietary intake of isoflavone (genistein and daidzein) could prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats which are model animals of osteoporosis. In addition, the preventive effect of genistein on bone loss with aging is enhanced by the combination of zinc or casein phosphopeptides as food factors. Genistein is a useful biofactor in the prevention of osteoporosis.
The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">${\cal H}_{2} $</tex-math></inline-formula> Control Problem for Quadratically Invariant Systems With Delays (2014)

This technical note gives a new solution to the output feedback H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> problem for quadratically invariant communication delay patterns. A characterization of all stabilizing controllers satisfying the delay constraints is given and the decentralized H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> problem is cast as a convex model matching problem. The main result shows that the model matching problem can be reduced to a finite-dimensional quadratic program. A recursive state-space method for computing the optimal controller based on vectorization is given.
Providing help and advice in task oriented systems (1983)

This paper describes current work at the University of Pennsylvania centered around providing intelligent help raid advice to users of interactive task oriented systems. This work focuses on three general themes: (1) Help systems should be active rather than passive; (J) help systems should contain explicit models of the user, the task and the system utility being used and (3) the help system shoulJ engage in an interactive dialogue with the user in order to identify the information he really needs. An experimental UV, system, WIZARD, has been implemented for the VAX/VMS' operating system to explore some of these issues.
MMFF VI. MMFF94s option for energy minimization studies (1999)

This article describes the derivation of MMFF94s, which is the "s" (static) variant of MMFF94. MMFF94s incorporates altered out of plane bending parameters that yield planar (or nearly planar) energy-minimized geometries at unstrained delocalized trigonal nitrogen centers. Some experimental and most theoretical structures show appreciable puckering at nitrogen in isolated structures. However, condensed-phase effects or even strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding tends to reduce, but need not eliminate, such puckering; in contravention to results reported on the lower level Hartree-Fock surface, we show in the correlated LMP2/6-31G** calculations for the Watson-Crick guanine-cytosine base pair that one of the hydrogen-bonded NH<sub>2</sub> groups remains appreciably puckered. The resultant MMFF94s geometries emulate the "time-averaged" structures typically observed in crystallographic and most other experimental structure determinations. MMFF94s also employs modified torsion parameters for interactions that involve such centers, but is identical to MMFF94 for other systems. Isolated instances are found in which MMFF94s fails to locate a (probably shallow) local minimum found on the MMFF94 and reference MP2/6-31G* surfaces. In general, however, MMFF94s describes conformation energies for delocalized trigonal nitrogen systems nearly as well as MMFF94 does. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 720-729, 1999.
Outlier Detection for Time Series with Recurrent Autoencoder Ensembles (2019)

We propose two solutions to outlier detection in time series based on recurrent autoencoder ensembles. The solutions exploit autoencoders built using sparsely-connected recurrent neural networks (S-RNNs). Such networks make it possible to generate multiple autoencoders with different neural network connection structures. The two solutions are ensemble frameworks, specifically an independent framework and a shared framework, both of which combine multiple S-RNN based autoencoders to enable outlier detection. This ensemble-based approach aims to reduce the effects of some autoencoders being overfitted to outliers, this way improving overall detection quality. Experiments with two large real-world time series data sets, including univariate and multivariate time series, offer insight into the design properties of the proposed frameworks and demonstrate that the resulting solutions are capable of outperforming both baselines and the state-of-the-art methods.
Investigation of nanoscale structural alterations of cell nucleus as an early sign of cancer (2014)

The analysis of nanoscale structural characteristics has shown promise in detecting cancer before the microscopically visible changes become evident and proof-of-concept studies have shown its feasibility as an earlier or more sensitive marker for cancer detection or diagnosis. Further biophysical investigation of specific 3D nanoscale structural characteristics in carcinogenesis, especially with well-annotated human cells and tissue, is much needed in cancer research.
Exploration of Teaching and Problem-Solving Strategies, 1979-1982 (1982)

This is the final report for Contract N-00014-79-C-0302, covering the period of 15 March 1979 through 14 March 1982. The goal of the project was to develop methods for representing teaching and problem-solving knowledge in computer-based tutorial systems. One focus of the work was formulation of principles for managing a method tutorial dialogue; the other major focus was investigation of the use of a production rule representation for the subject material of a tutorial program. The main theme pursued by this research is that representing teaching and problem-solving knowledge separately and explicitly enhances the ability to build, modify and test complex tutorial programs. Two major computer programs were constructed. One was the tutorial program, GUIDON, which uses a set of explicit discourse procedures for carrying on a method dialogue with a student. GUIDON uses the original MYCIN knowledge base as subject material, and as such, was an experiment in exploring the ways in which production rules can be used in tutoring. GUlDON''s teaching knowledge is separate from and compatible with any knowledge base that is encoded in MYClN''s rule language. Demonstrations of GUIDON were given for two medical and one engineering application. Thus, the generality of this kind of system goes beyond being able to teach about any problem in a case library--it also allows teaching expertise to be transferred and tested in multiple problem domains. The second major program is the consultation program, NEOMYCIN. This is a second generation system in which MYClN''s knowledge has been reconfigured to make explicit distinctions that are important for teaching. Unlike MYCIN, the program uses the hypothesis-oriented approach and predominantly forward-directed reasoning. As such, NEOMYCIN is consistent with and extends psychological models of diagnostic problem-solving. The program differs from other knowledge-based Al systems in that reasoning is completely controlled by a set of explicit meta-rules. These meta-rules are domain independent and constitute the diagnostic procedure to be taught to students: the tasks of diagnosis and heuristics for attending to and confirming relevant diagnostic hypotheses.
Modular Spiro Bidentate Nitrogen Ligands – Synthesis, Resolution and Application in Asymmetric Catalysis (2008)

Abstract A family of new modular, chiral, bidentate, nitrogen‐donor ligands containing the large spirobi(chroman) backbone 1 (SPAN) has been prepared. Enantiopure diamines containing the nitrogen donors at the 8,8′ positions of spirobi(chroman) 1 have been synthesized through the resolution of the 8,8′‐diamino racemate 3 . Accordingly, secondary and tertiary amines [(+)‐ 6 /(–)‐ 6 and (+)‐ 5 /(–)‐ 5 , respectively] and imino derivatives [(+)‐ 7 /(–)‐ 7 ] were obtained in both enantiomeric forms. A new SPAN derivative incorporating aldehyde groups at the 8,8′ positions of the spirobi(chroman) unit [(+)‐ 9 /(–)‐ 9 ] has been synthesized with the aim to extend the ligand library by means of Schiff base chemistry. The derivatization of the isolated enantiomers of 9 obtained by diastereomer resolution gave derivatives containing the nitrogen atoms at the benzylic positions. The syntheses of ligands (+)‐ 10 /(–)‐ 10 , (+)‐ 11 and (+)‐ 12 illustrate the scope of this methodology. The coordination ability of ligand (–)‐ 3 has been tested by the synthesis and characterization of complex [Pd(OAc) 2 {(–)‐ 3 }] [(–)‐ 13 ]. Some preliminary results related to the oxidative kinetic resolution of 1‐phenylethanol with this Pd complex are reported.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Glue-assisted retinopexy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (GuARD): A novel surgical technique for closing retinal breaks (2019)

The findings of this study suggest that GuARD is a promising technique for treatment of rhegmatogenous RD that may allow early visual recovery while avoiding the problems of gas or oil tamponade and obviating the need of postoperative positioning.
Systematic Change Impact Determination in Complex Object Database Schemata (1999)

Impact analysis is seen as an important technique for controlling the evolution of software systems. Numerous approaches have been proposed which aim to assess the impact of changes on many types of development artefacts. These techniques, although suitable for specific applications, contain inherent weaknesses, making them unsuitable for analysis of object database schemata. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid technique, applicable to object database schemata, which overcomes many of these deficiencies. 1.