gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preferential beta-hexosaminidase (Hex) A (alpha beta) formation in the absence of beta-Hex B (beta beta) due to heterozygous point mutations present in beta-Hex beta-chain alleles of a motor neuron disease patient. (1994)

Deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase B (beta-Hex B) (a homodimer, beta beta), caused by a defect in the HEX B gene encoding the beta-chain, is usually accompanied by an absence of beta-Hex A (a heterodimer, alpha beta), thereby causing Sandhoff disease. However, we have earlier demonstrated the presence of partial beta-Hex A (30-50% of normal) even in the absence of beta-Hex B in an adult with motor neuron disease. The patient is a compound heterozygote with normal beta-chain message and one HEX B point mutation originating from each asymptomatic parent. Since the non-expression of beta-Hex B was post-transcriptional, we transfected COS-7 cells to understand the effect of each mutation on beta-Hex B activity. Transfection of the A1367-->C mutant (maternal allele) construct produced no overexpressed beta-Hex B, indicating that the encoded Tyr456-->Ser beta-chain was non-functional. Chou-Fasman analysis predicted that the Tyr456-->Ser mutation would cause a dramatic change in beta-chain folding (which often inhibits formation of functional dimers). This explains the complete lack of beta-Hex B in the transfectants and a partial deficiency of beta-Hex A and B (50% of normal) in the patient's mother. Since immunoprecipitated beta-Hex A (alpha beta) protein from patient fibroblasts showed the presence of mature beta-chains even though there was no beta-Hex B (beta beta) protein, the mutant beta-chain inherited from the father (who has normal beta-Hex A and B) must undergo preferential association with the normal alpha-chains in the patient, thus producing only beta-Hex A. Transient expression of the A619-->G mutant (paternal allele) construct produced beta-Hex B activity comparable to the wild type (approximately 10-20-fold over mock-transfected) whereas stable expression produced normal message but no beta-Hex B activity (wild type beta-Hex B expression: only 2-fold over mock-transfected). The lack of increased beta-Hex B after stable expression of the Ile207-->Val beta-chains at a lower copy number indicates the absence of self-association at low concentrations of Ile207-->Val beta-chain. In the patient who also has a non-functional Tyr456-->Ser allele, the effective concentration of beta-chains is reduced to 50% of normal and the remaining Ile207-->Val beta-chains fail to self-associate but can still dimerize with the abundant normal alpha-chains thus producing partial beta-Hex A and no beta-Hex B.
Novel high‐affinity <sup>3</sup>H‐serotonin binding sites in rat and bovine brain tissue (1992)

Abstract Five sites (5HT 1A , 5HT 1B , 5HT 1C , 5HT 1D , and 5HT 1E ) have been detected using 3 H‐5HT radioligand methodology and mammalian brain tissue. We report herein that high‐affinity 3 H‐5HT binding to homogenates of bovine and rat caudate and cortical tissues cannot be interpreted without including at least one additional 5HT receptor. Competition studies were performed in rat frontal cortex tissues, using pharmacological blockade of 5HT 1A , 5HT 1B , and 5HT 1C receptors to facilitate examination of other possible sites. Ergotamine, under these conditions, produced a low‐affinity competition K 1 = 1.2 1μM with a Hill coefficient of 1.0. 5‐carboxyamidotryptamine (5CT), under these conditions, produced a complex competition curve, with an overall K 1 value of 101 nM and a Hill coefficient of 0.55. Computer‐assisted analysis of the 5CT competition curve revealed a high‐affinity site (K 1 = 16nM) and a low‐affinity site (K 1 = 802 nM). Therefore, competition curves produced using ergotamine and 5‐CT indicate that there is a site in rat frontal cortical tissue with high affinity for 5HT, 5CT, and low affinity for ergotamine as well as a site with high affinity for 5HT and low affinity for 5CT and ergotamine. The site with high affinity for 5HT, and low affinity for 5CT and ergotamine resembles the 5HT 1E receptor, insofar as these three drugs are concerned. There is no reported site with high affinity for 5HT and 5CT and low affinity for ergotamine (heretofore referred to as 5HT 1F ). The lack of a high‐affinity ergotamine competition for 3 H‐5HT binding to non‐5HT 1A , 5HT 1B , and 5HT 1C sites indicates that there is no detectable 5HT 1D binding in this tissue. In rat striatal tissue both 5CT and ergotamine produced complex competition curves with Hill coefficients less than unity (0.6 and 0.65, respectively). Computer‐assisted analysis indicated that a minority of sites (approximately 35%) displayed high affinity for both ergotamine and 5CT, while 65% of the sites displayed low affinity for both 5CT and ergotamine. The site labeled with 3 H‐5HT displaying high affinity for 5CT and ergotamine coincides with the pharmacological profile of a 5HT 1D site. The site labeled with 3 H‐5HT displaying low affinity for 5CT and ergotamine coincides with the pharmacological profile of the 5HT 1E site. Results from bovine cortical and striatal tissues reinforce the conclusions drawn from the rat brain data. In summary, detailed studies of specific 3 H‐5HT binding to non 5HT 1A‐1C sites indicate that (1) there are detectable 5HT 1D sites in rat striatal tissue but not in rat cortical tissue, (2) there are detectable 5HT 1E sites in rat brain tissue, and (c) a novel high‐affinity 3 H‐5HT binding site possessing high affinity for 5CT and low affinity for ergotamine has been detected in rat and bovine brain tissues. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gases as biological messengers: nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in the brain (1994)

In a remarkably brief period of time, NO and CO have been recognized as putative neurotransmitters. These two novel messenger molecules have greatly expanded the criteria for candidacy of a chemical for the status of neurotransmitter and our notions about how synaptic transmission takes place. The involvement of NO and CO in several important aspects of neuronal function suggests that agents affecting the synthesis, transactions, and disposition of these gases are bound to have clinical relevance.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 is constitutively secreted by chinese hamster ovary cells and is functional in human cells (2011)

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used for the production of recombinant proteins for clinical use as well as academic research. They are particularly important for the production of glycoproteins where bacteria cannot be used. TGFβ1 is a potent cytokine highly conserved across species with multiple immunological and non-immunological effects. We have discovered that CHOK1, the CHO clone most commonly used by the pharmaceutical industry, constitutively secretes latent TGFβ1 and that this hamster TGFβ1 is active on human cells inducing profound immunological effects. As far as we are aware, the production of TGFβ1 by CHOK1 cells has not been reported before in the literature. As TGFβ1 exerts powerful and pleiotropic effects on diverse cell types, and as CHO cells are used to produce a large number of clinical and non-clinical products, our findings are highly relevant to studies that rely on recombinant proteins.
Effects of hot sources on residual doping in GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1988)

A study of the effects of impurities evolving from a hot (1350–1500 °C) empty effusion cell on the residual doping concentrations in GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been made. The influence of these impurities on electron concentrations in highly doped GaAs:Si has also been investigated. p-type residual doping was seen in all cases, with 1×1016/cm3 being the highest level observed. More typical were concentrations in the mid-to-high 1014 range after the empty cell had been properly degassed. While most of the acceptors appear to be C, there is some evidence that N may be involved at the higher concentrations. No effect from the hot source on the doping level of GaAs:Si with n=4×1018/cm3 was seen, showing that effusion cell evolved impurities are not responsible for limiting high electron concentrations in MBE-grown GaAs:Si.
Magneto-inductive wave structures for secure 2D high data rate channels - “data cloth” (2009)

Magneto-inductive waves are formed on regular arrays of magnetically coupled resonant circuits when signals close to the resonant frequency of the array are applied. They are a new type of slow wave with useful and interesting properties including offering the possibility for high bandwidth, short range, secure data transmission. A two dimensional array of resonators, which may be fabricated on a flexible membrane forms a convenient near field coupled local communication medium which suitably equipped devices can usefully exploit. Because the nature of the excitations in the resonators is magnetic, this system lends itself to inductively coupled short range terminals which can induce magnetoinductive waves in the surface enabling secure, non radiative (and hence largely license free) data transfer.
Pseudo‐gating: Elimination of periodic motion artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging without gating (1987)

This note explains and illustrates a technique of reducing artifacts produced by periodic motion without using physiologic gating. The method is simple and can be applied on any standard MRI unit. For periodic motion, effective gating can be attained by setting the product of the number of acquisitions (at each phase-encoding step), N, times the repeat time, TR, equal to the period of the motion, T. This pseudo-gating can be used with any TR but, if changes in the period occur, is most robust with short TR values. The method is also applicable to multislice and volume imaging. For fast field echo methods, the above rule can be used if the period of the motion is smaller than the total scan time. Otherwise, the scan need only be repeated N times to avoid artifacts and improve signal-to-noise. The method has been implemented to remove both respiratory and/or cardiac motion artifacts.
Exploration and avoidance of surrounding obstacles for the visually impaired (2012)

Proximity-based interaction through a long cane is essential for the blind and the visually impaired. We designed and implemented an obstacle detector consisting of a 3D Time-of-Flight (TOF) camera and a planar tactile display to extend the interaction range and provide rich non-visual information about the environment. Users choose a better path after acquiring the spatial layout of obstacles than with a white cane alone. A user study with 6 blind people was analyzed and showed extra time is needed to ensure safe walking while reading the layout. Both hanging and ground-based obstacles were circumvented. Tactile mapping information has been designed for representation of precise spatial information around a blind user.
Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of novel polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles for controlled delivery of doxorubicin (2012)

Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-methyl methacrylic acid, PNIPAAm-MAA)-grafted magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized using silane-coated magnetic nanoparticles as a template for radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and methacrylic acid. Properties of these nanoparticles, such as size, drug-loading efficiency, and drug release kinetics, were evaluated in vitro for targeted and controlled drug delivery. The resulting nanoparticles had a diameter of 100 nm and a doxorubicin-loading efficiency of 75%, significantly higher doxorubicin release at 40°C compared with 37°C, and pH 5.8 compared with pH 7.4, demonstrating their temperature and pH sensitivity, respectively. In addition, the particles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. In vitro cytotoxicity testing showed that the PNIPAAm-MAA-coated magnetic nanoparticles had no cytotoxicity and were biocompatible, indicating their potential for biomedical application.
Niveaux extrêmes et Niveaux moyens ou le Paradoxe de l'Esprit bourgeois (1934)

La pagination indiquée dans la zone "Pages" est celle du tiré à part, numérisé par les Bibliothèques de l'ULB. La pagination, telle qu'elle apparait dans la revue est pp. 685-700.
A Direct and Efficient Stereoconservative Procedure for the Selective Oxidation of N-Protected β-Amino Alcohols (2005)

An efficient, very simple and eco-friendly procedure has been developed for the synthesis of highly enantioenriched α-amino aldehydes by IBX-mediated oxidation of the corresponding β-amino alcohols. The procedure has been applied to a wide range of substrates with different side chains and protecting groups showing that the final aldehydes can be obtained in very high yields and with no racemization at the stereogenic center present in the starting compounds.
La cooperación interempresarial en España: características de los acuerdos suscritos entre 1986-1989 (1992)

We found NIS to be highly prevalent among patients with head and neck cancer. Women experienced more NIS than men. Half of the patients were categorized as being at high risk of reduced overall survival, but no relation between the risk of reduced overall survival to NIS or nutritional risk was found in this study.
Neutrophil Recruitment to the Lungs during Bacterial Pneumonia (2008)

In the respiratory system, the upper tract is colonized with commensal bacteria, whereas the lower tract is sterile. The respiratory system is continuously exposed to a variety of bacteria. To combat these intruders, the lung has developed a multifaceted system of defense. One of the most important
Auditory model simulation for the study of selective listening (2002)

It has been shown how one of two vowels spoken concurrently by different speakers can be selected and resynthesized with a novel strategy. Use has been made of a signal processing auditory model based on physiological measurements and recently findings. These include the existence of channels with a large spread of bandwidth values for each centre frequency, in combination with enhancement and detection of amplitude modulation products. The signal processing avoids the use of harmonic sieve filtering and also leads to a representation that is useful for recognition purposes, with a tonotopical axis scaled along a periodicity axis.
Arthritogenic actions of recombinant IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor alpha in the rabbit: evidence for synergistic interactions between cytokines in vivo. (1989)

Intra-articular injection of highly purified or recombinant interleukin 1 (IL-1) into the rabbit knee induces a transient synovitis with leucocytic infiltration into the synovial lining and joint cavity and loss of proteoglycan from articular cartilage. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), which has many of the actions of IL-1, in the dose range 50-5,000 ng induced infiltration of leucocytes into the joint but failed to cause significant proteoglycan loss from cartilage. The nature of the leucocytic infiltrate induced by intra-articular TNF-alpha was predominantly monocytic compared with the mixed polymorphonuclear (PMN)/monocytic infiltrate induced by IL-1. Neither cytokine induced the accumulation of significant numbers of lymphocytes. In addition, on a molar basis, TNF-alpha was significantly less active than IL-1 in causing cell accumulation in the joint. Injection of submaximal doses of IL-1 and TNF into the rabbit resulted in a marked synergy with respect to the accumulation of PMN. The conclusion from these studies is that TNF-alpha could contribute to the PMN accumulation in the human joint in rheumatoid arthritis but is unlikely to be important in the destruction of articular cartilage.
Obemannade markfarkosters militära nytta inom området logistiktransporter : En studie riktad mot Försvarsmaktens motståndarläge i Afghanistan (2012)

Obemannade markfarkoster är ännu ganska ovanliga i den svenska Försvarsmakten men borde kunna bli allt vanligare. UGV:er används traditionellt till att utföra smutsiga, tråkiga och farliga arbetsuppgifter. Kan de då vara användbara i Afghanistan mot den motståndare som FM möter där idag? I studien undersöker författaren möjligheterna för obemannade markfarkoster att bidra med militär nytta inom området logistiktransporter. De obemannade transportfordonen kan från grunden utgöras av standardlastbilar i FM som har utrustats med så kallade UGV-kit. Dessa UGV-kit har till uppgift att göra standardfordonen fjärrstyrda, autonoma eller både och. Samma princip gäller för eskortfordonen som följer med till stöd för logistiktransporten, en Galt ska exempelvis kunna agera UGV. Den irreguljära och lågteknologiska motståndaren använder ofta IED:er vid eldöverfall vilket har gjort landsvägstransporter till riskfylld verksamhet för personal ute på vägarna. Personalsäkerhet är prioriterad verksamhet i Försvarsmakten och författarens antagande är att UGV:er kan bidra till att göra logistiktransporter och eskortförfaranden till mindre riskabel verksamhet.
Reduction of Proximity Effect in Coil Using Magnetoplated Wire (2007)

The upgrading of the efficiency of transformers and increase in the quality factor of inductors are required. For this purpose, it is necessary to reduce copper loss. Reducing the winding AC resistance is one method of reducing copper loss. Therefore, we propose the use of magnetoplated wire (MPW) for coil windings. An MPW is a copper wire (Cu wire) whose circumference is plated with a magnetic thin film. The resistances due to the proximity effect of Cu wire and MPW coils at a frequency of f=1 MHz, which have a diameter of D=4.54 mm, a wire diameter of d=0.09 mm, and a number of turns of N=102, are 4.2 Omega and 2.1 Omega, respectively; thus, the proximity effect decreases by half
Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Spiral Plate Heat Exchanger (2008)

In the present study, the heat transfer coefficients of benzene in a spiral plate heat exchanger are investigated. The test section consists of a Plate of width 0.3150 m, thickness 0.001 m and Mean hydraulic diameter of 0.01 m. The mass flow rate of water (Hot fluid) is varying from 0.5 kg sec-1 to 0.8 kg sec-1 and the mass flow rate of benzene (cold fluid) varies from 0.4 kg sec-1 to 0.7 kg sec-1. Experiments have been conducted by varying the mass flow rate, temperature and pressure of cold fluid, keeping the mass flow rate of hot fluid constant. The effects of relevant parameters on spiral plate heat exchanger are investigated. The data obtained from the experimental study are compared with the theoretical data. Besides, a new correlation for the nusselt number which can be used for practical applications is proposed.
Synthesis of inosine, 2-alkylinosine, and xanthosine from 5-amino-1-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-4-imidazolecarboxamide (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of inosine, 2-alkylinosine, and xanthosine from 5-amino-1-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-4-imidazolecarboxamideAkihiro Yamazaki, Izumi Kumashiro, and Tadao TakenishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 10, 3258–3260Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01285a094https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01285a094research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association (2016)

Diabetic neuropathies are the most prevalent chronic complications of diabetes. This heterogeneous group of conditions affects different parts of the nervous system and presents with diverse clinical manifestations. The early recognition and appropriate management of neuropathy in the patient with diabetes is important for a number of reasons: 

1. Diabetic neuropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion. Nondiabetic neuropathies may be present in patients with diabetes and may be treatable by specific measures.

2. A number of treatment options exist for symptomatic diabetic neuropathy.

3. Up to 50% of diabetic peripheral neuropathies may be asymptomatic. If not recognized and if preventive foot care is not implemented, patients are at risk for injuries to their insensate feet.

4. Recognition and treatment of autonomic neuropathy may improve symptoms, reduce sequelae, and improve quality of life.

Among the various forms of diabetic neuropathy, distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) and diabetic autonomic neuropathies, particularly cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), are by far the most studied (1–4). There are several atypical forms of diabetic neuropathy as well (1–4). Patients with prediabetes may also develop neuropathies that are similar to diabetic neuropathies (5–10). Table 1 provides a comprehensive classification scheme for the diabetic neuropathies.

View this table:

Table 1 
Classification for diabetic neuropathies



Due to a lack of treatments that target the underlying nerve damage, prevention is the key component of diabetes care. Screening for symptoms and signs of diabetic neuropathy is also critical in clinical practice, as it may detect the earliest stages of neuropathy, enabling early intervention. Although screening for rarer atypical forms of diabetic neuropathy may be warranted, DSPN and autonomic neuropathy are the most common forms encountered in practice. The strongest available evidence regarding treatment pertains to these forms.

This Position Statement is based on several recent technical reviews, to which the reader is referred for detailed discussion …
Micromachined capacitive switches at microwave frequencies (2000)

Both electrical and mechanical models, exemplified with a micromachined capacitive switch with simple bridge structure, accurately describing its electrical and mechanical characteristics are described in this paper. The electrical model is represented as a RLC circuit, while the mechanical model is represented as a fixed-fixed beam. The advantage of these models is that it is possible to pre-determine various characteristics, such as the switching time of micromachined capacitive switches, during the design stage. These models can be used to accurately design micromachined capacitive switches for microwave applications. An illustrated fabrication process is also discussed.