gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On user behaviour adaptation under interface change (2014)

Different interfaces allow a user to achieve the same end goal through different action sequences, e.g., command lines vs. drop down menus. Interface efficiency can be described in terms of a cost incurred, e.g., time taken, by the user in typical tasks. Realistic users arrive at evaluations of efficiency, hence making choices about which interface to use, over time, based on trial and error experience. Their choices are also determined by prior experience, which determines how much learning time is required. These factors have substantial effect on the adoption of new interfaces. In this paper, we aim at understanding how users adapt under interface change, how much time it takes them to learn to interact optimally with an interface, and how this learning could be expedited through intermediate interfaces. We present results from a series of experiments that make four main points: (a) different interfaces for accomplishing the same task can elicit significant variability in performance, (b) switching interfaces can result in adverse sharp shifts in performance, (c) subject to some variability, there are individual thresholds on tolerance to this kind of performance degradation with an interface, causing users to potentially abandon what may be a pretty good interface, and (d) our main result -- shaping user learning through the presentation of intermediate interfaces can mitigate the adverse shifts in performance while still enabling the eventual improved performance with the complex interface upon the user becoming suitably accustomed. In our experiments, human users use keyboard based interfaces to navigate a simulated ball through a maze. Our results are a first step towards interface adaptation algorithms that architect choice to accommodate personality traits of realistic users.
The Influence of Food Texture and Liquid Consistency Modification on Swallowing Physiology and Function: A Systematic Review (2014)

Erratum to: Dysphagia DOI 10.1007/s00455-014-9578-x. In the original version of this article, Fig. 1 was published incorrectly. The corrected figure is given below.
Young intragenic miRNAs are less coexpressed with host genes than old ones: implications of miRNA–host gene coevolution (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression. Intragenic miRNAs account for ∼50% of mammalian miRNAs. Classic studies reported that they are usually coexpressed with host genes. Here, using genome-wide miRNA and gene expression profiles from five sample sets, we show that evolutionarily conserved ('old') intragenic miRNAs tend to be coexpressed with host genes, but non-conserved ('young') ones rarely do so. This result is robust: in all sample sets, the coexpression rate of young miRNAs is significantly lower than that of conserved ones even after controlling for abundance. As a result, although young miRNAs dominate in human genome, the majority of intragenic miRNAs that show coexpression with host genes are phylogenetically old ones. For younger miRNAs, extrapolation of their expression profiles from those of their host genes should be treated with caution. We propose a model to explain this phenomenon in which the majority of young miRNAs are unlikely to be coexpressed with host genes; however, for some fraction of young miRNAs coexpression with their host genes, initially imbued by chromatin level effects, is advantageous and these are the ones likely to embed into the system and evolve ever higher levels of coexpression, possibly by evolving piggybacking mechanisms.
Characterisation of Redox Initiators for Producing Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels (2008)

Abstract Summary: This work focuses on the characterisation of ascorbic acid/persulphate initiating system. Three different persulphates were used (ammonium, potassium and sodium), and a range of initiator concentrations were tested. Gel time, gel quality, initiator toxicity, and cell survival upon encapsulation were measured. No significant differences were observed between the three types of persulphates. Higher concentrations of the initiators resulted in faster gel times (5min for 0.05wt% initiator) and higher quality gels (less than 20% sol fraction), although the lower initiator concentrations were better in terms of cell growth inhibition and survival upon encapsulation. Overall, this system shows great promise for use in biomedical applications, however there is a need to minimise the initiator concentration to increase cell compatibility while maintaining a high enough concentration for adequate gel formation.
Determination of the sildenafil effect on alopecia areata in childhood: An open‐pilot comparison study (2006)

We cannot recommend the use of topical 1% sildenafil for the treatment of alopecia areata without further evidence of its therapeutic benefit.
Olefin Oxidation-Palladium Salt-Active Charcoal Catalysis (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOlefin Oxidation-Palladium Salt-Active Charcoal CatalysisKaoru Fujimoto, Yasuhiko Negami, Tadashi Takahashi, and Taiseki KunugiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1972, 11, 3, 303–308Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/i360043a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (612 KB) Get e-Alerts
Signature of Metallic Behavior in the Metal–Organic Frameworks M<sub>3</sub>(hexaiminobenzene)<sub>2</sub> (M = Ni, Cu) (2017)

The two-dimensionally connected metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) Ni<sub>3</sub>(HIB)<sub>2</sub> and Cu<sub>3</sub>(HIB)<sub>2</sub> (HIB = hexaiminobenzene) are bulk electrical conductors and exhibit ultraviolet-photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) signatures expected of metallic solids. Electronic band structure calculations confirm that in both materials the Fermi energy lies in a partially filled delocalized band. Together with additional structural characterization and microscopy data, these results represent the first report of metallic behavior and permanent porosity coexisting within a metal-organic framework.
Fusions between Epstein-Barr Viral Nuclear Antigen-1 of Epstein-Barr Virus and the Large T-antigen of Simian Virus 40 Replicate Their Cognate Origins (1998)

Epstein-Barr viral nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) is required for the stable replication of plasmids that contain oriP, the origin of DNA synthesis used during the latent phase of the Epstein-Barr virus life cycle. EBNA-1 acts post-synthetically through unknown mechanisms to facilitate the continued synthesis of oriP plasmids in ensuing S phases. In contrast to viral replicons such as that of SV40, DNA synthesis of oriP is restricted to a single round during each cell cycle. Large T-antigen of SV40 is a DNA helicase and activates the synthesis of SV40 DNA by recruiting cellular proteins required for DNA synthesis to the origin of SV40. Using fusion proteins of EBNA-1 and large T-antigen, we tested whether tethering large T-antigen to oriP is sufficient to initiate multiple rounds of DNA synthesis from oriP during each cell cycle. We report here that, although these fusion proteins retain the biological activities of both EBNA-1 and large T-antigen, their constituent proteins do not confer the properties of one on the other. Thus, it is not possible to subvert the cellular controls that restrict DNA synthesis from oriP to a single round per cell cycle. These results also provide insights into architectural constraints at oriP and at the SV40 ori.
Current amplification in nonhomogeneous-base structure and static induction transistor structure (1985)

Current-amplification mechanisms for a nonhomogeneous-base bipolar phototransistor (BPT) and a static induction phototransistor (SIPT) are discussed in this paper, and comparisons are made to the homogeneous- and or the gradually-graded-base BPT. It is shown that the current-transport mechanism of the BPT with a nonhomogeneously doped ⋅ ⋅ ⋅p+pp+p ⋅ ⋅ ⋅(⋅ ⋅ ⋅ n+nn+n ⋅ ⋅ ⋅) base is similar to that of the SIPT if the p (n) base potential is capacitively controllable both by the p+ (n+) base and collector voltages. For the n-channel SIPT in the open-gate mode of operation, the potential-barrier height for holes stored in the p+-gate region is higher than the potential-barrier height for electrons in the source region by the value of VbiGS−VbiG*S, where the VbiGS is the built-in potential between the p+-gate region and the n+-source region of the SIPT and VbiG*S is the potential-barrier height between the intrinsic gate G* in the channel and the n+-source region. In fact, a very high dc optical gain G of more than 108 (at 3×10−15 W incident optical power level, λ=6550 Å) has been obtained. An average gain-bandwidth product of more than 108 Hz has been obtained at subpicowatt incident power levels. The steady-state and transient optical response of the SIPT with an open gate is studied experimentally and theoretically. It is concluded that if the base region of a homogeneous-base BPT is replaced by a nonhomogeneous-base structure and or SIPT structure, the sensitivity and response time will be much improved.
Carboxymethoxylamine (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboxymethoxylamineE. Borek and H. T. ClarkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 10, 2020–2021Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01301a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01301a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Point Defect Model for the Passive State (1992)

A review is presented of the point defect model (PDM) for the growth and breakdown of passive films on metal and alloy surfaces in contact with aqueous solutions. The model provides a reasonable account of the steady‐state properties of cation‐conducting and anion‐conducting barrier layers on nickel and tungsten, respectively, in phosphate buffer solutions; of the impedance characteristics of passive films on nickel; of the breakdown of passive films on a wide range of metals and alloys; of the distributions in the breakdown parameters (breakdown voltage and induction time); of the role of alloying elements in enhancing the resistance of alloys to passivity breakdown; of transpassive dissolution and electro‐polishing; of erosion‐corrosion; and of photoinhibition of pit nucleation. Additionally, the PDM has allowed us to formulate a set of principles for designing new alloys and has led to the development of a deterministic method for predicting localized corrosion damage functions.
A novel bifunctional anti-PD-L1/TGF-β Trap fusion protein (M7824) efficiently reverts mesenchymalization of human lung cancer cells (2017)

Mesenchymalization is a cellular and molecular program in which epithelial cells progressively lose their well-differentiated phenotype and adopt mesenchymal characteristics. Tumor mesenchymalization occurs during the progression of cancer to metastatic disease, and is also associated with resistance to multiple therapeutics, including killing by cytotoxic immune cells. Furthermore, tumor cells can evade immune destruction by upregulating the checkpoint molecule PD-L1, and emerging research has found higher PD-L1 expression in mesenchymalized tumors. Here, the association between TGF-β1-mediated mesenchymalization and PD-L1 was investigated in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). TGF-β1 was found to upregulate PD-L1 gene transcription in a Smad2-dependent manner, and a positive association between PD-L1 and phosphorylated Smad2 was found in NSCLC tumors. The potential to target these 2 negative immune regulators with a single agent was investigated using M7824, a novel clinical-stage bifunctional agent that targets both PD-L1 and TGF-β. Treatment of NSCLC cells with M7824 <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> attenuated features of TGF-β1-mediated mesenchymalization, including mesenchymal marker expression, proliferation suppression, and chemoresistance. These findings demonstrate that upregulation of tumor cell PD-L1 is a novel mechanism of TGF-β1-induced immunosuppression in NSCLC, and that treatment with M7824 has the potential to simultaneously block both tumor mesenchymalization and PD-L1-dependent immunosuppression.
Cryptic splicing events in the iron transporter ABCB7 and other key target genes in SF3B1-mutant myelodysplastic syndromes (2016)

The splicing factor SF3B1 is the most frequently mutated gene in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and is strongly associated with the presence of ring sideroblasts (RS). We have performed a systematic analysis of cryptic splicing abnormalities from RNA sequencing data on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of SF3B1-mutant MDS cases with RS. Aberrant splicing events in many downstream target genes were identified and cryptic 3' splice site usage was a frequent event in SF3B1-mutant MDS. The iron transporter ABCB7 is a well-recognized candidate gene showing marked downregulation in MDS with RS. Our analysis unveiled aberrant ABCB7 splicing, due to usage of an alternative 3' splice site in MDS patient samples, giving rise to a premature termination codon in the ABCB7 mRNA. Treatment of cultured SF3B1-mutant MDS erythroblasts and a CRISPR/Cas9-generated SF3B1-mutant cell line with the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) inhibitor cycloheximide showed that the aberrantly spliced ABCB7 transcript is targeted by NMD. We describe cryptic splicing events in the HSCs of SF3B1-mutant MDS, and our data support a model in which NMD-induced downregulation of the iron exporter ABCB7 mRNA transcript resulting from aberrant splicing caused by mutant SF3B1 underlies the increased mitochondrial iron accumulation found in MDS patients with RS.
Conditions Associated with Antibodies Against the Tumor-Associated Antigen MUC1 and Their Relationship to Risk for Ovarian Cancer (2005)

Many cancers, including ovarian, overexpress epithelial mucin (MUC1) and promote anti-MUC1 antibodies that may correlate with more favorable prognosis. By extension, risk for ovarian cancer might be reduced by preexisting MUC1-specific immunity. We measured anti-MUC1 antibodies in 705 control women, identified events predicting antibodies, and estimated ovarian cancer risk by comparing profiles of events generating antibodies in controls with those in 668 ovarian cancer cases. Factors predicting antibodies included oral contraceptive use, breast mastitis, bone fracture or osteoporosis, pelvic surgeries, nonuse of talc in genital hygiene, and to a lesser extent intrauterine device use and current smoking. There was a significant increase in the likelihood of having anti-MUC1 antibodies from 24.2% in women with 0 or 1 condition, to 51.4% in those with five or more conditions. By the same index of events, the risk for ovarian cancer was inversely associated with number of conditions predisposing to anti-MUC1 antibodies. Compared with having experienced 0 or 1 event, the adjusted risk for ovarian cancer decreased progressively with relative risks (and 95% confidence limits) of 0.69 (0.52-0.92), 0.64 (0.47-0.88), 0.49 (0.34-0.72), and 0.31 (0.16-0.61), respectively for women with two, three, four, and five or more events related to the presence of antibodies (P(trend) < 0.0001.) We conclude that several traditional and new risk factors for ovarian cancer may be explained by their ability to induce MUC1 immunity through exposure of MUC1 to immune recognition in the context of inflammatory or hormonal processes in various MUC1-positive tissues.
Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Recombinant Human T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Virus Type 1 NYVAC and Naked DNA Vaccine Candidates in Squirrel Monkeys (<i>Saimiri sciureus</i>) (2001)

We assessed the immunogenicities and efficacies of two highly attenuated vaccinia virus-derived NYVAC vaccine candidates encoding the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) env gene or both the env and gag genes in prime-boost pilot regimens in combination with naked DNA expressing the HTLV-1 envelope. Three inoculations of NYVAC HTLV-1 env at 0, 1, and 3 months followed by a single inoculation of DNA env at 9 months protected against intravenous challenge with HTLV-1-infected cells in one of three immunized squirrel monkeys. Furthermore, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against HTLV-1 Env could be detected in this protected animal. However, priming the animal with a single dose of env DNA, followed by immunization with the NYVAC HTLV-1 gag and env vaccine at 6, 7, and 8 months, protected all three animals against challenge with HTLV-1-infected cells. With this protocol, antibodies against HTLV-1 Env and cell-mediated responses against Env and Gag could also be detected in the protected animals. Although the relative superiority of a DNA prime-NYVAC boost regimen over addition of the Gag component as an immunogen cannot be assessed directly, our findings nevertheless show that an HTLV-1 vaccine approach is feasible and deserves further study.
Using Digital Tags With Integrated Video and Inertial Sensors to Study Moving Morphology and Associated Function in Large Aquatic Vertebrates (2017)

The anatomy of large cetaceans has been well documented, mostly through dissection of dead specimens. However, the difficulty of studying the world's largest animals in their natural environment means the functions of anatomical structures must be inferred. Recently, non-invasive tracking devices have been developed that measure body position and orientation, thereby enabling the detailed reconstruction of underwater trajectories. The addition of cameras to the whale-borne tags allows the sensor data to be matched with real-time observations of how whales use their morphological structures, such as flukes, flippers, feeding apparatuses, and blowholes for the physiological functions of locomotion, feeding, and breathing. Here, we describe a new tag design with integrated video and inertial sensors and how it can be used to provide insights to the function of whale anatomy. This technology has the potential to facilitate a wide range of discoveries and comparative studies, but many challenges remain to increase the resolution and applicability of the data. Anat Rec, 300:1935-1941, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Noise-Reducing Line Microphone for Frequencies below 1 cps (1959)

A novel type of line microphone is described that utilizes a distributed input primarily for the purpose of improving signal-to-wind-noise ratio. The input to the transducer takes place through a tapered pipe that is coupled to the atmosphere by means of acoustical resistances uniformly spaced along the length of the pipe. The relationship between the resistances of the openings and the longitudinal variation in the characteristic impedance of the pipe is so adjusted as to make the system nonreflecting. Microphones of this type have been constructed for use in the frequency range below 1 cps for the purpose of studying atmospheric pressure oscillations in this range. A prototype, 1980 ft long with 100 openings, which gives an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of as much as 20 db under severe wind conditions, is described.
Evaluation of psychological stress as an investigative tool. (1980)

Involuntary physiologic changes are related to psychological stress, and their analysis has broad applications in psychophysiologic and pharmacologic research as well as other fields. Analyzing patterns of significant stress by means of Psychological Stress Evaluation testing provides an accurate assessment of a person's psychological set in a controlled situation.
Congestion control with a new fairness criterion for multicast ABR service in ATM networks (1999)

The authors present an explicit-rate (ER) based congestion control scheme for multicast available-bit-rate (ABR) service in asynchronous-transfer-mode (ATM) networks which support bandwidth allocation with a new fairness criterion, and analyse the stability of the network for both the unicast connections case and the unicast-plus-multicast connections case. Specifically, under the new fairness criterion, allowed-cell-rate (ACR) for a connection is proportional to the difference between peak-cell-rate (PCR) and minimum-cell-rate (MCR) of the connection. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is confirmed by computer simulations.
Chromosomal Assignment of Human Nuclear Envelope Protein Genes LMNA, LMNB1, and LBR by Fluorescencein SituHybridization (1996)

We have used fluorescence in situ hybridization to establish precise chromosomal localizations for three human genes encoding four different nuclear envelope proteins. Lamin A/C (LMN1, HGMW-approved symbol LMNA) mapped to 1q21.2-q21.3, with a most probable gene assignment to 1q21.3; lamin B receptor (LBR) was localized to 1q42.1; and lamin B1 (LMNB1) was mapped to the interface of bands 5q23.3-q31.1. Assignments were determined by direct placement of signals relative to high-resolution DAPI or G-bands. Comparison of these results of band positions predicted from fractional length measurements to signal placement indicated that more accurate predictions are made using Francke idiograms and that measurement strategy avoids variance due to polymorphic chromosome segments.
Patrolling monocytes control tumor metastasis to the lung (2015)

The immune system plays an important role in regulating tumor growth and metastasis. Classical monocytes promote tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis, but how nonclassical "patrolling" monocytes (PMo) interact with tumors is unknown. Here we show that PMo are enriched in the microvasculature of the lung and reduce tumor metastasis to lung in multiple mouse metastatic tumor models. Nr4a1-deficient mice, which specifically lack PMo, showed increased lung metastasis in vivo. Transfer of Nr4a1-proficient PMo into Nr4a1-deficient mice prevented tumor invasion in the lung. PMo established early interactions with metastasizing tumor cells, scavenged tumor material from the lung vasculature, and promoted natural killer cell recruitment and activation. Thus, PMo contribute to cancer immunosurveillance and may be targets for cancer immunotherapy.