gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unrolling-based optimizations for modulo scheduling (1995)

Modulo scheduling is a method for overlapping successive iterations of a loop in order to find sufficient instruction-level parallelism to fully utilize high-issue-rate processors. The achieved throughput module scheduled loop depends on the resource requirements, the dependence pattern, and the register requirements of the computation in the loop body. Traditionally, unrolling followed by acyclic scheduling of the unrolled body has been an alternative to module scheduling. However, there are benefits to unrolling even if the loop is to be module scheduled. Unrolling can improve the throughput by allowing a smaller non-integral effective initiation interval to be achieved. After unrolling, optimizations can be applied to the loop that reduce both the resource requirements and the height of the critical paths. Together, unrolling and unrolling-based optimizations can enable the completion of multiple iterations per cycle in some cases. This paper describes the benefits of unrolling and a set of optimizations for unrolled loops which have been implemented in the IMPACT compiler. The performance benefits of unrolling for five of the SPEC CFP92 programs are reported.
A new material for high-power laser fibers (2008)

We have developed a new technique to produce a Yb-doped fused silica bulk glass which is very well suited for fiber laser applications. The starting point is a liquid suspension of SiO<sub>2</sub> particles which is doped by a solution of rare earth ions. After dehydration, purification and vitrification we achieve a bubble-free homogeneous Yb-doped fused bulk silica, which is further processed by the plasma outside deposition (POD) technique into preforms for active laser fibers with a large active fiber core. The laser function of our Yb-doped silica was successfully proved in a side-pumped fiber laser setup. We present the results of the laser experiments.
An Introduction to Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors (2017)

This book explains physical principles, unique benefits, broad categories, implementation aspects, and performance criteria of distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS). For each kind of sensor, the book highlights industrial applications, which range from oil and gas production to power line monitoring, plant and process engineering, environmental monitoring, industrial fire and leakage detection, and so on. The text also includes a discussion of such key areas as backscattering, launched power limitations, and receiver sensitivity, as well as a concise historical account of the field’s development.
Glucose Transporter Protein 1–Targeted RNA Interference Inhibits Growth and Invasion of the Osteosarcoma Cell Line MG63 <i>In Vitro</i> (2010)

Malignant cells show increased glucose uptake, which is thought to be mediated by glucose transporters. Glucose transporter protein 1 (Glut-1) is critical for growth, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells and Glut-1 overexpression is associated with poor overall survival in osteosarcoma patients. The present study was designed to determine the role of Glut-1 in the growth and invasion of the osteosarcoma cell line MG63, using RNA interference technology in vitro. shRNA-expressing lentiviral vectors targeting the Glut-1 gene were constructed, which were stably expressed in MG63 cells. The level of Glut-1 mRNA was investigated using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expression of Glut-1 mRNA was observed using western blotting. MG63 cellular glucose uptake, proliferation, and migration were detected by methyl thiazole tetrazolium assay and flow cytometry. A Glut-1-specific shRNA-expressing lentiviral vector was obtained, which could efficiently inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of Glut-1 to ∼82%-85% in MG63 cells. Downregulation of Glut-1 inhibited the cellular glucose uptake, growth, and invasion of MG63 cells in vitro. These results indicate that RNA interference targeting of Glut-1 could be an effective strategy for the treatment of osteoscarcoma patients.
Signal Propagation in Proteins and Relation to Equilibrium Fluctuations (2007)

Elastic network (EN) models have been widely used in recent years for describing protein dynamics, based on the premise that the motions naturally accessible to native structures are relevant to biological function. We posit that equilibrium motions also determine communication mechanisms inherent to the network architecture. To this end, we explore the stochastics of a discrete-time, discrete-state Markov process of information transfer across the network of residues. We measure the communication abilities of residue pairs in terms of hit and commute times, i.e., the number of steps it takes on an average to send and receive signals. Functionally active residues are found to possess enhanced communication propensities, evidenced by their short hit times. Furthermore, secondary structural elements emerge as efficient mediators of communication. The present findings provide us with insights on the topological basis of communication in proteins and design principles for efficient signal transduction. While hit/commute times are information-theoretic concepts, a central contribution of this work is to rigorously show that they have physical origins directly relevant to the equilibrium fluctuations of residues predicted by EN models.
Error feedback loop linearizes direct digital synthesizers (2002)

The fidelity of a signal formed by recalling samples of a sinusoid from a look-up table and converting these sample amplitudes to a waveform in a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is affected by both the phase and amplitude quantization of the process. The length and width of the look-up table affect the signal's phase angle resolution and the signal's amplitude resolution respectively. These resolution limits are equivalent to time base jitter and to amplitude quantization of the signal and add spectral modulation lines and a white broad-band noise floor to the signal's spectrum. These undesired spectral terms can be controlled by the use of noise shaping to spectrally alter the structure of the quantization noise related to limited table length and width.
WeightedCluster Library Manual: A practical guide to creating typologies of trajectories in the social sciences with R (2013)

This manual has a twofold aim: to present the WeightedCluster library and offer a step-by-step guide to creating typologies of sequences for the social sciences. In particular, this library makes it possible to represent graphically the results of a hierarchical cluster analysis, to group identical sequences in order to analyse a larger number of sequences, to compute a set of measures of partition quality and also an optimized PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids) algorithm taking account of weightings. The library also offers procedures to facilitate the choice of a particular clustering solution and to choose the optimal number of groups. In addition to the methods, we also discuss the building of typologies of sequences in the social sciences and the assumptions underlying this operation. In particular we clarify the place that should be given to the creation of typologies in the analysis of sequences. We thus show that these methods offer an important descriptive point of view on sequences by bringing to light recurrent patterns. However, they should not be used in a confirmatory analysis, since they can point to misleading conclusions.
Air-Carbon Arc Cutting (1993)

Abstract This article describes the principles of operation, operating techniques, equipment selection, and important process variables of air-carbon arc cutting. It also provides information on the safety practices to be followed during the air-carbon arc cutting process.
Migration of Plastic Biliary Stents and Endoscopic Retrieval (2009)

Retrieval of a proximally migrated stent requires experience with different endoscopic devices. Moreover, distal migration needs attention because it can cause severe complications.
Identification and Complete Genome of Seneca Valley Virus in Vesicular Fluid and Sera of Pigs Affected with Idiopathic Vesicular Disease, Brazil (2015)

Numerous, ongoing outbreaks in Brazilian swine herds have been characterized by vesicular lesions in sows and acute losses of neonatal piglets. The complete genome of Seneca Valley virus (SVV) was identified in vesicular fluid and sera of sows, providing evidence of association between SVV and vesicular disease and viraemia in affected animals.
Elevation of plasma angiotensin II level is a potential pathogenesis for the critically ill COVID-19 patients (2020)

Little is known about the mechanism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced critical illness and death. The host infection mediated by SARS-CoV-2 is mainly relied on ACE2 receptor. There is still a lack of clinical data about the effects of interaction of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 on RAS system and disease progression. We investigated the plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) and renin levels in 82 non-hypertensive patients (42 mild cases, 25 severe cases, and 15 critically ill cases) infected by SARS-CoV-2 and 12 critically ill patients not infected by SARS-CoV-2 serving as control.
자근으로부터 acetylshikonin 의 분리 및 함량분석 (2000)

Lithospermi Radix has been used in traditional medicine for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, antitumor and wound-healing activities. For the quality control of this drug, acetylshikonin was isolated from the hexane extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Boraginaceae) and identified by the spectroscopic evidences. A quantitative analysis of acetylshikonin using HPLC method showed that the average contents were 0.084±0.026% in 31 samples collected throughout the various regions of Korea.
Mast Cells Modulate Allergic Pulmonary Eosinophilia in Mice (1995)

Mast cells are important effector cells in IgE-mediated acute allergic reactions. Mast cells also produce cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-3, IL-4, IL-5, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) that regulate the function of eosinophils and the development of a late-phase inflammatory response to antigen challenge. To evaluate the role of mast cells on the development of IgE-mediated allergic pulmonary eosinophilia in vivo, we compared the eosinophil infiltration into lungs of mast cell deficient mice (WBB6F1/J-W/Wv) with their congenic normal littermates (W/W+). Mice were sensitized with alum-precipitated ovalbumin and challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin on day 12 after sensitization. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, lung tissue biopsies, and blood samples were collected after ovalbumin challenge. Eosinophil numbers in the BAL and lung tissue, lung eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity and serum levels of IgE and IgG1 were measured. In sensitized W/W+ mice, there were increased numbers of eosinophils in the BAL fluid and lung tissue, and EPO levels were increased after ovalbumin challenge. Ovalbumin challenge of sensitized mast-cell-deficient mice produced fewer numbers of eosinophils in the BAL fluid and lungs, and EPO levels were also reduced compared with their challenged congenic littermates. On the other hand, levels of serum IgE and IgG1 were not different between W/Wv mice and their congenic littermates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Human Body Part Segmentation Method Based on Markov Random Field (2012)

In order to address the problem that the human body part segmentation is vulnerable to the impact of human pose and noise for color images, this paper presents a human body part segmentation method based on Markov Random Field. In order to decrease the affect of illumination, the color space RGB of the pixels is transformed into the color space HSV. The local priori distribution of the image is described according to the equivalence of MRF and the Gibbs distribution, and the Gaussian distribution is utilized to depict the distribution of every pixel in the image, then the simulated annealing algorithm is employed to optimize the posteriori energy function to get the optimal segmentation. The experimental results show that the method can effectively extract the body parts and reduce the impact of body posture and noise on the segmentation.
Fluoxetine inhibits the metabolism of tolterodine—pharmacokinetic implications and proposed clinical relevance (1999)

The study suggests a difference in the pharmacokinetics of tolterodine and its 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite depending on the number of functional CYP2D6 genes. Fluoxetine significantly inhibited the hydroxylation of tolterodine. Despite the effect on the pharmacokinetics of tolterodine in extensive metabolizers, the clinical effect is expected to be within normal variation.
The application of neural networks to EM-based simulation and optimization of interconnects in high-speed VLSI circuits (1997)

In this paper, a neural network based approach to the electromagnetic (EM) simulation and optimization of high-speed interconnects is discussed. Traditional techniques used to model interconnects in high-speed very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits are based on EM-field simulation, and are thus highly demanding on central processing unit (CPU) resources. This limits their suitability for computer-aided design (CAD) and optimization techniques which are, in general, iterative in nature. Neural networks can be used to map the complex relationship between the physical and electrical parameters of interconnect structures in an efficient manner. The models, once developed, operate with minimal on-line CPU resources and are thus ideally suited for use in iterative CAD and optimization routines.
Mapping of immunoreactive sites of pneumococcal pneumolysin by use of synthetic peptides (1993)

In the search for better diagnostic tools and improved vaccines against pneumococcal diseases, continuous antigenic sites of the pneumococcal pneumolysin molecule were identified with partially overlapping synthetic peptides. Peptides were derived from the predicted amino acid sequence according to the known DNA sequence of pneumolysin. The immunoreactivities of the peptides were studied by enzyme immunoassay with seven human serum samples and three rabbit hyperimmune serum samples. Two immunoreactive sites in the overlapping peptides at the amino-terminal end of the pneumolysin molecule were identified in this study. Two common immunoreactive sites for both human and rabbit sera were demonstrated.
Mobile Charge in a Novel Spin‐On Oxide (SOX): Detection of Hydrogen in Dielectrics (1989)

We studied the behavior of mobile charges, which we believe are hydrogen ions, in low‐temperature dielectric materials considered as candidates for the intermediate dielectric in the multilevel metallization scheme. Our analysis is based on the triangular voltage sweep (TVS) technique that is normally used to detect the presence of mobile alkali ions in silicon dioxides. We found that the TVS traces of protons exhibit several unique features which allow us to distinguish the proton signal from that of other common contaminants, such as Na. We suggest a model to explain these unique features. We show that the presence of hydrogen in low‐temperature dielectrics is due to water retention ability of these materials. In this paper, SOX, a novel spin‐on oxide, is used as an example of this phenomenon. We demonstrate that its behavior is common to a wide range of low‐temperature dielectrics. Hydrogen in the intermediate dielectrics and encapsulation materials of MOS VLSI is known to be detrimental to MOS devices. It reacts with hot carriers and causes threshold instability and degradation of device characteristics. Our results are important for hydrogen detection in other materials that are potentially useful as intermediate dielectrics in multilevel metallization schemes.
Annealing effect on exchange bias in Ni/sub 81/Fe/sub 19//Cr/sub 50/Mn/sub 50/ bilayers (2000)

The effect of annealing on the exchange bias in Ni/sub 81/Fe/sub 19//Cr/sub 50/Mn/sub 50/ bilayers was investigated. A large increase of the exchange field and coercivity was observed in the samples annealed at temperatures higher than 310/spl deg/C. The annealing causes the Mn atoms in the Cr/sub 50/Mn/sub 50/ layer to diffuse into the Ni/sub 81/Fe/sub 19/ layer and form an antiferromagnetic NiFeMn phase, which coats on the Ni/sub 81/Fe/sub 19/ grain surface and contributes to the improvement of exchange bias. An increase of interface roughness due to the Mn diffusion also results in the exchange bias enhancement. The enhanced exchange field and coercivity were explained by the reversible and irreversible motions of NiFeMn moments of the inhomogeneous grains.
A simple chemical method for the oxidation of beta-hydroxybutyrate; application of the method for the estimation of ketone bodies. (1993)

A simple one-step method employing potassium persulphate as an oxidising agent in presence of catalyst, Ag2+, for the oxidation of beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) to acetoacetate (AcAc) has been developed and standardized. Under the condition of assay, beta-OHB (0.079-0.395 microM) was quantitatively transformed to AcAc. The reaction linearity was observed from 0.079 to 0.634 microM. Optimum conditions were: pH, 6.2; temp., 40 degrees C; persulphate saturation, 40% and catalyst, 1.82 mM. Under the experimental condition, no reversal of inhibition caused by chloride (22.96 mM) was observed at Ag+ concentrations (9.09 and 18.18 mM), while higher conc. of Ag+ (27.27 mM) caused significant reversal of inhibition (about 60%). The maximum reversal of inhibition was achieved at Ag+ (36.36 mM). The level of ketone bodies, when estimated by the present method, was greatly enhanced during starvation period and about 2- and 12-fold higher level of ketone bodies was observed (compared to control) in rats fasted for 24 and 48 hr respectively.
Quantifying crackle-inducing acoustic shock-structures emitted by a fully-expanded Mach 3 jet (2013)

The intense acoustic field radiating from an experimental Mach 3 jet is studied through a survey of the acoustic pressure waveforms over a large spatial domain in the (x,r)-plane of the jet. Sawtooth-like structures in the waveforms are not the consequence of cumulative nonlinear acoustic distortions. This was concluded previously from a scaling model based on an effective Gol’dberg number and the spatial topographies of metrics that quantify steepened waveforms. 1 This implies that acoustic shock-structures are generated by local mechanisms in, or in close vicinity to, the jet plume. Furthermore, they give rise to the crackle noise component often observed in the downstream regions of supersonic jets. The current work aims to quantify crackle in a temporal and spectral fashion. A detection algorithm isolates the shock-structures in the temporal waveforms. Ensemble-averages of the identified waveform sections are employed to gain an understanding of the crackling structures. Moreover, PDF’s of the temporal intermittence of these shocks reveal modal trends and show evidence that crackling shock-structures are present in groups of multiple shocks. A spectral metric is considered by using wavelet-based time-frequency analyses. The increase in sound energy is computed by considering the global pressure spectra of the waveforms and the ones that represent the spectral behavior during instances of crackle. This energy-based metric is postulated to be an appropriate metric for the level of crackle.
Low frequency terahertz quantum cascade laser operating from 1.6to1.8THz (2006)

The authors report a GaAs∕Al0.1Ga0.9As quantum cascade laser based on a bound-to-continuum transition optimized for low frequency operation. High tunability of the gain curve is achieved by the Stark effect and laser emission is measured between 1.6 and 1.8THz. Pulsed mode operation up to 95K and continuous wave operation up to 80K are reported. The dynamical range in current is as high as 43%.
Ion-channel sensors for electrochemical detection of DNA based on self-assembled PNA monolayers (2002)

The gold electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers composed of a 10-mer peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe and 8-amino-1-octanethiol were used for the detection of the complementary oligonucleotide with a detection limit of 5.1 x 10(-10) M in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. In contrast, no response to a non-complementary oligonucleotide was observed. The electrode surface was positively charged in the phosphate buffer solution due to the protonated amine group of the thiol, where the electron transfer reaction between the electroactive marker [Ru(NH3)6]3+ and the electrode was hindered because of the electrostatic repulsion between them. Binding of the complementary oligonucleotide to the PNA probe monolayer cancels the positive charge at the electrode surface, and provides an excess negative charge at the surface, thereby facilitating the access of [Ru(NH3)6]3+ to the electrode surface and its redox reaction.
Combining phage and staphylococcal surface display for generation of ErbB3-specific Affibody molecules (2010)

Emerging evidence suggests that the catalytically inactive ErbB3 (HER3) protein plays a fundamental role in normal tyrosine kinase receptor signaling as well as in aberrant functioning of these signaling pathways, resulting in several forms of human cancers. ErbB3 has recently also been implicated in resistance to ErbB2-targeting therapies. Here we report the generation of high-affinity ErbB3-specific Affibody molecules intended for future molecular imaging and biotherapeutic applications. Using a high-complexity phage-displayed Affibody library, a number of ErbB3 binders were isolated and specific cell-binding activity was demonstrated in immunofluorescence microscopic studies. Subsequently, a second-generation library was constructed based on sequences of the candidates from the phage display selection. By exploiting the sensitive affinity discrimination capacity of a novel bacterial surface display technology, the affinity of candidate Affibody molecules was further increased down to subnanomolar affinity. In summary, the demonstrated specific targeting of native ErbB3 receptor on human cancer cell lines as well as competition with the heregulin/ErbB3 interaction indicates that these novel biological agents may become useful tools for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of ErbB3-expressing cancers. Our studies also highlight the powerful approach of combining the advantages of different display technologies for generation of functional high-affinity protein-based binders. Potential future applications, such as radionuclide-based diagnosis and treatment of human cancers are discussed.
Comparison of Custom Sounds for Achieving Tinnitus Relief (2004)

Tinnitus masking has been a widely used method for treating clinically significant tinnitus. The method, referred to herein as "sound-based relief," typically uses wearable ear-level devices ("maskers") to effect palliative tinnitus relief. Although often effective, this approach is limited to the use of broadband noise with the maskers. We hypothesized that the effectiveness of treatment can be improved by expanding the auditory-stimulus options available to patients. A pilot study was conducted to determine for each of 21 subjects the most effective of custom sounds that are designed to promote tinnitus relief. While sitting in a sound booth, subjects listened to white noise and to custom sounds that are available commercially for providing tinnitus relief. Three sound formats ("E-Water," "E-Nature," and "E-Air") were provided by the Dynamic Tinnitus Mitigation (DTM-6a) system (Petroff Audio Technologies, Inc.). Additionally, seven sounds were provided by the Moses/Lang CD7 system (Oregon Hearing Research Center). Considering group data, all of the sounds provided a significant reduction in tinnitus annoyance relative to the annoyance of tinnitus alone. Two of the commercial sounds (DTM E-Nature and E-Water) were judged significantly more effective than the other sounds.