gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular inventory of faecal microflora in patients with Crohn's disease (2004)

Intestinal microbial community is involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, but knowledge of its potential abnormalities has been limited by the impossibility to grow many dominant intestinal bacteria. Using sequence analysis of randomly cloned bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA, the dominant faecal species from four Crohn's disease patients and four controls were compared. Whereas marked inter-individual differences were observed in the faecal microflora of patients, three remained distantly related to controls on the basis of their operational taxonomic unit composition. Bacteroides vulgatus and closely related organisms represented the only molecular species shared by all patients and exhibited an unusually high rate of occurrence. Escherichia coli clones were isolated only in two patients with ileocolonic Crohn's disease. Moreover, numerous clones belonged to phylogenetic groups or species that are commonly not dominant in the faecal microflora of healthy subjects: Pectinatus, Sutterella, Verrucomicrobium, Fusobacterium, Clostridium disporicum, Clostridium glycolicum, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium innocuum and Clostridium perfringens.
Autophagy and p62 in Cardiac Proteinopathy (2011)

Autophagic flux is increased in desminopathic hearts, and as previously suggested in CryAB(R120G)-based DRC, this increased autophagic flux serves as an adaptive response to overexpression of misfolded proteins. The p62 is up-regulated in mouse proteinopathic hearts. The p62 promotes aggresome formation and autophagy activation and protects cardiomyocytes against proteotoxic stress.
Gartentherapie-Kongress rund um «Green Care» (2014)

Der dritte Gartentherapie-Kongress der Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW) vom 23. Mai 2014 widmete sich verschiedenen Aspekten rund um das Thema «Green Care». Rund 80 Fachleute aus «grünen» und therapeutischen Berufen verfolgten am Campus Grüental in Wädenswil die Vorträge der Referentinnen und Referenten aus England, Finnland, Schweden und der Schweiz. Die Besichtigung eines Therapiegartens in Wetzikon ermöglichte Einblicke in die Praxis.
Small-molecule-mediated reprogramming: a silver lining for regenerative medicine (2020)

Techniques for reprogramming somatic cells create new opportunities for drug screening, disease modeling, artificial organ development, and cell therapy. The development of reprogramming techniques has grown exponentially since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by the transduction of four factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Initial studies on iPSCs led to direct-conversion techniques using transcription factors expressed mainly in target cells. However, reprogramming transcription factors with a virus risks integrating viral DNA and can be complicated by oncogenes. To address these problems, many researchers are developing reprogramming methods that use clinically applicable small molecules and growth factors. This review summarizes research trends in reprogramming cells using small molecules and growth factors, including their modes of action.
Online feature selection and classification with incomplete data (2014)

This paper presents a classification system in which learning, feature selection, and classification for incomplete data are simultaneously carried out in an online manner. Learning is conducted on a predefined model including the class-dependent mean vectors and correlation coefficients, which are obtained by incrementally processing the incoming observations with missing features. A nearest neighbor with a Gaussian mixture model, whose parameters are also estimated from the trained model, is used for classification. When a testing observation is received, the algorithm discards the missing attributes on the observation and ranks the available features by performing feature selection on the model that has been trained so far. The developed algorithm is tested on a benchmark dataset. The effect of missing features for online feature selection and classification are discussed and presented. The algorithm easily converges to the stable state of feature selection with similar accuracy results as those when using the complete and incomplete feature set with up to 50% missing data.
THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON FATTY ACID METABOLISM; STIMULATION OF HEPATIC FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS IN VITRO* (1961)

Fatty infiltration of the liver is a common find- ing in alcoholic patients, but the mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of hepatic fat are not clear (2). In the present investigation, an at- tempt was made to clarify this relationship by studying the effect of ethanol on fatty acid metabo- lism in rat liver in vitro (3).
A STUDY OF ALIPHATIC POLYSULFIDES<sup>1</sup> (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA STUDY OF ALIPHATIC POLYSULFIDES1D. TwissCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1927, 49, 2, 491–494Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1927https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01401a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01401a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder from Brain Resting-State Functional Connectivity Patterns Using a Deep Neural Network with a Novel Feature Selection Method (2017)

The whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) pattern obtained from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data are commonly applied to study neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by using different machine learning models. Recent studies indicate that both hyper- and hypo- aberrant ASD-associated FCs were widely distributed throughout the entire brain rather than only in some specific brain regions. Deep neural networks (DNN) with multiple hidden layers have shown the ability to systematically extract lower-to-higher level information from high dimensional data across a series of neural hidden layers, significantly improving classification accuracy for such data. In this study, a DNN with a novel feature selection method (DNN-FS) is developed for the high dimensional whole-brain resting-state FC pattern classification of ASD patients vs. typical development (TD) controls. The feature selection method is able to help the DNN generate low dimensional high-quality representations of the whole-brain FC patterns by selecting features with high discriminating power from multiple trained sparse auto-encoders. For the comparison, a DNN without the feature selection method (DNN-woFS) is developed, and both of them are tested with different architectures (i.e., with different numbers of hidden layers/nodes). Results show that the best classification accuracy of <b>86.36%</b> is generated by the DNN-FS approach with 3 hidden layers and 150 hidden nodes (3/150). Remarkably, DNN-FS outperforms DNN-woFS for all architectures studied. The most significant accuracy improvement was <b>9.09%</b> with the 3/150 architecture. The method also outperforms other feature selection methods, e.g., two sample <i>t</i>-test and elastic net. In addition to improving the classification accuracy, a Fisher's score-based biomarker identification method based on the DNN is also developed, and used to identify 32 FCs related to ASD. These FCs come from or cross different pre-defined brain networks including the default-mode, cingulo-opercular, frontal-parietal, and cerebellum. Thirteen of them are statically significant between ASD and TD groups (two sample <i>t</i>-test <i>p</i> < 0.05) while 19 of them are not. The relationship between the statically significant FCs and the corresponding ASD behavior symptoms is discussed based on the literature and clinician's expert knowledge. Meanwhile, the potential reason of obtaining 19 FCs which are not statistically significant is also provided.
Expression of Human Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I in Cultured Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and Atherosclerotic Lesions (1999)

The scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and its human homologue CLA-1 (CD36 and LIMPII Analogous-1) have recently been identified to bind HDL and mediate the selective uptake of HDL lipids. Tissue distribution of both murine and human receptors is quite similar, in that they are expressed abundantly in liver and steroidogenic tissues. However, expression and function of the human SR-BI (hSR-BI), in the periphery of reverse cholesterol transport such as macrophages, are still unclear. In the present study, we have raised two different kinds of anti-hSR-BI polypeptide antibodies (Abs): one against the extracellular domain and the other against the intracellular domain. We have investigated the expression of hSR-BI mRNA and immunoreactive mass in freshly isolated cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMphi) and in atherosclerotic lesions. Contrary to the earlier report, hSR-BI mRNA was expressed in cultured hMphi and markedly upregulated with differentiation, determined by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-based polymerase chain reaction analyses. The mRNA expression pattern during differentiation of hMphi was very similar to those of SR class A and another member of SR class B, CD36. Protein expression was confirmed by Western blot analyses with the above Abs to show a major 83-kDa band. Modified lipoproteins such as oxidized LDL and acetylated LDL induced a 5-fold increase in mRNA and protein expression of hSR-BI. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that hSR-BI immunoreactive mass was detectable as a heterogeneous, punctate staining pattern. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that immunoreactive mass of hSR-BI was detected in foam cells in human aortic atherosclerotic lesions and that there was no significant difference of staining patterns between the two Abs. This study clearly demonstrates that hSR-BI is expressed in the lipid-laden macrophages in human atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that it is very important to know its function and regulation in hMphi to understand the biological utility of this molecule.
Epidemiology of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2010)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common liver disease worldwide. The prevalence of NAFLD in the general population of Western countries is 20-30%. About 2-3% of the general population is estimated to have non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. As a rule, the prevalence of NAFLD is higher in males and increases with increasing age, and it is influenced by the diagnostic method and the characteristics of the population, especially lifestyle habits. Population-based studies provide better estimates of the prevalence of NAFLD as compared to autoptic and clinical studies, but few such studies have been performed to date. The diagnosis of NAFLD in population studies is usually obtained by ultrasonography, which is known to underestimate the prevalence of fatty liver. The Dallas Heart Study and the Dionysos Study reported that 30% of the adults in the USA and 25% in Italy have NAFLD. In these studies, 79% and 55% of patients with NAFLD had normal aminotransferase levels, showing that liver enzymes are not surrogate markers of NAFLD in the general population. Noninvasive markers such as the fatty liver index obtained from the Dionysos Study may be useful to screen for NAFLD in the general population. The most important risk factors for NAFLD are male gender, age, obesity, insulin resistance and the cardiometabolic alterations that define the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD is 80-90% in obese adults, 30-50% in patients with diabetes and up to 90% in patients with hyperlipidemia. The prevalence of NAFLD among children is 3-10%, rising up to 40-70% among obese children. Moreover, pediatric NAFLD increased from about 3% a decade ago to 5% today, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. The incidence and natural history of NAFLD are still not well defined, but it is recognized that the majority of individuals with NAFLD do not develop NASH. The incidence of NAFLD is probably increasing in Western countries, strictly linked to lifestyle habits.
Genetic Control of Root Hair Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. (1990)

Visual examination of roots from 12,000 mutagenized Arabidopsis seedlings has led to the identification of more than 40 mutants impaired in root hair morphogenesis. Mutants from four phenotypic classes have been characterized in detail, and genetic tests show that these result from single nuclear recessive mutations in four different genes designated RHD1, RHD2, RHD3, and RHD4. The phenotypic analysis of the mutants and homozygous double mutants has led to a proposed model for root hair development and the stages at which the genes are normally required. The RHD1 gene product appears to be necessary for proper initiation of root hairs, whereas the RHD2, RHD3, and RHD4 gene products are required for normal hair elongation. These results demonstrate that root hair development in Arabidopsis is amenable to genetic dissection and should prove to be a useful model system to study the molecular mechanisms governing cell differentiation in plants.
Functional Profiling of Live Melanoma Samples Using a Novel Automated Platform (2012)

Pharmacodynamic information regarding the ex vivo effect of BRAF inhibitors on the MAPK pathway in live human melanoma samples can be reproducibly determined using a novel automated platform. Such information may be useful in preclinical and clinical drug development, as well as predicting response to targeted therapy in individual patients.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of the Hybrid Molecules between Sulfonamides and Active Antimicrobial Pleuromutilin Derivative (2014)

A series of novel hybrid molecules between sulfonamides and active antimicrobial 14-o-(3-carboxy-phenylsulfide)-mutilin were synthesized, and their in vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated by the broth microdilution. Results indicated that these compounds displayed potent antimicrobial activities in vitro against various drug-susceptible and drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococci and streptococci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and mycoplasma. In particular, sulfapyridine analog (6c) exhibited more potent inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasma, including Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.016-0.063 μg/mL), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.016 μg/mL), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 0.032-0.063 μg/mL), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MIC = 0.004 μg/mL), with respect to other synthesized compounds and reference drugs sulfonamide (MIC = 8-128 μg/mL) and valnemulin (MIC = 0.004-0.5 μg/mL). Furthermore, comparison between MIC values of pleuromutilin-sulfonamide hybrids 6a-f with pleuromutilin parent compound 3 revealed that these modifications at 14 position side chain of the pleuromutilin with benzene sulfonamide could greatly improve the antibacterial activity especially against Gram-positives.
Optimization of the TFA-MOD Process for Introduction of ${\rm BaZrO}_{3}$ Pinning Centers in YBCO Films (2011)

We present results of a study aimed at understanding the formation of BaZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (BZO) precipitates in YBCO using the TFA-MOD process, as well as optimizing the BZO concentration with respect to the flux pinning performance. A reference YBCO sample containing no BZO, as well as three samples containing 4, 5 and 6% BZO were made and characterized with respect to in-field critical current ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IC</i> ) performance and angular field <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IC</i> dependence. Furthermore, the samples were analysed using transmission electron microscopy to identify the morphology of pinning precipitates and correlate it to the flux pinning behavior. The introduction of BZO does not result in formation of c-axis peaks in the angular field <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IC</i> behavior, but rather in considerable widening of the ab-plane peaks in the field angular <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IC</i> behavior with increasing BZO content, as well as in decreased field-angular anisotropy of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IC</i> . This behavior is analysed and correlated to the underlying microstructure of pinning precipitates.
Study on the milling behavior of chloroprene rubber blends with ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and natural rubber (2007)

Abstract The viscoelastic properties of the blends of chloroprene rubber (CR) with ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM), polybutadiene rubber (BR), and natural rubber (NR) at different temperature were studied using rubber processing analyzer (RPA). Mooney viscosities of compounds were measured and tight milling and sheeting appearance were observed on a two‐roll mill. The results showed that Mooney viscosities and the elastic modulus of the blends decreased with the increase of the temperature from 60 to 100°C. And the decreasing trends of pure CR, pure NR, and CR/NR blend compounds were more prominent than that of pure EPDM, pure BR, CR/EPDM, and CR/BR blend compounds. For CR/EPDM blend compounds, the decreasing trend became slower with the increase of EPDM ratio in the blend. Compared with pure CR, pure NR and CR/NR blend compounds, pure EPDM, pure BR compounds, and the blend compounds of CR/EPDM and CR/BR showed less sensibility to temperature and they were less sticky to the metal surface of rolls and could be kept in elastic state at higher temperature, easy to be milled up and sheeted. At the same blend ratio and temperature, the property of tight milling of the blends decreased in the sequence of CR/EPDM, CR/BR, and CR/NR. With the increase of EPDM, BR, or NR ratio in CR blends, its property of tight milling was improved. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:667–673, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of cold exposure on inhibition by isoproterenol of release of alanine in the rat (1988)

The effects of isoproterenol on the release of alanine during perfusion with pyruvate and valine were studied in perfused hindlimbs from rats that had been kept for 5 or 20 days at 4 degrees C. In hindlimbs perfused with Krebs bicarbonate buffer in a flow-through mode, the rate of release of alanine during perfusion with 2 mM pyruvate plus 5 mM valine was 250 nmol.min-1.leg-1, a rate that is comparable with that reported in hindlimbs perfused with complex medium. Neither the pyruvate-stimulated nor valine plus pyruvate-stimulated rates of release of alanine changed after 20 days of exposure to cold. Isoproterenol inhibited the release of alanine during perfusion with pyruvate, with valine, and with valine plus pyruvate in hindlimbs from a control group of rats. However, in hindlimbs from cold-exposed groups, isoproterenol failed to inhibit the release of alanine during perfusion with valine plus pyruvate and stimulated the release of alanine during perfusion with valine. Aminooxyacetate inhibited the effects of valine, pyruvate, and isoproterenol. The results obtained suggested that cold exposure decreases the responses to isoproterenol of the mechanism of alanine release and causes an increased supply of alanine to the liver.
A schema matching-based approach to XML schema clustering (2008)

The relationship between XML data clustering and schema matching is bidirectional. On one side, clustering techniques have been adopted to improve matching performance, and on the other side schema matching is the backbone of the clustering technique. This paper presents a new approach for clustering XML schema based on schema matching. In particular, we develop and implement an XML schema matching system, which determines semantic similarities between XML schemas based on the Prüfer sequence representation of schema trees. The proposed computation similarity algorithm makes use of the semantic meaning of XML elements as well as the hierarchical features of XML schemas. The computed similarities are then exploited by an agglomerative clustering algorithm to group similar schemas. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach is fast and accurate in clustering heterogeneous XML schemas.
Compensation of Intermodal Dispersion by Splicing Two Graded-Index Multimode Fibers (1982)

The deviations from the group delays expected for the optimum power-law index profile are numerically calculated for several types of undesired fibers using a scalar multilayer approximation method. This paper shows the way two fibers are selected from among undesired fibers so that the fiber spliced to each other becomes broad band.
Plasmid-associated transfer of tetracycline resistance in Bacteroides ruminicola (1988)

Tetracycline resistance was transferred at frequencies between 10(-7) and 10(-6) per recipient cell in anaerobic matings between two strains of the strictly anaerobic rumen bacterium Bacteroides ruminicola. The donor strain, 223/M2/7, was a multiple-plasmid-bearing tetracycline-resistant strain from the ovine rumen, and the recipient, F101, was a rifampin-resistant mutant of B14, a bovine strain belonging to B. ruminicola subsp. brevis. Resistance transfer could occur in the presence of DNase, but not in dummy mating mixtures in which filtrate from a donor culture replaced donor cells. Acquisition of tetracycline resistance by the recipient was accompanied by the appearance of a 19.5-kilobase pair plasmid (designated pRRI4) which was homologous with a plasmid of similar size and restriction pattern present in the donor strain. A transconjugant (F115) carrying pRRI4 was also able to act as a donor of tetracycline resistance and plasmid DNA in matings with another recipient. Derivatives of F115 that had spontaneously lost tetracycline resistance lacked detectable plasmid DNA. It is concluded that pRRI4 mediated the transfer of tetracycline resistance. Transfer of resistance was not detectably enhanced by pregrowth of the donor in medium containing tetracycline. Transfer of tetracycline resistance was not detected from 223/M2/7 to a strain, 23 belonging to B. ruminicola subsp. ruminicola.