gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic evidence that Lactococcus lactis JCM7638 produces a mutated form of nisin. (1992)

Nisin is a 34 amino acid peptide antibiotic having a molecular weight of about 3, 340, produced and exported into culture medium by some strains of Lactococcus lactis. It is used as a food preservative for its high potency against certain gram-positive bacteria. The structural genes of nisin have been found and sequenced from several nisin-producing strains, which revealed the existence of 23 residue leader peptide and confirmed posttranslational processing of this substance. Recently a newly found strain of L. lactis, JCM7638 (previous IO-1), was reported to secrete a new peptide antibiotic having a molecular weight of about 2, 700 and a spectrum of action similar to nisin. Several chemical analyses showed that it is quite similar to nisin. In this paper, we have ascertained the resistance of JCM7638 to nisin, showed the existence of the gene which is highly homologous to the structural gene of nisin in a nisin-producing strain, L. lactis NCDO497, and cloned a 1.7kb Sau 3AI fragment encoding this gene. Sequence analysis proved that the deduced product differs from nisin by a single amino acid substitution (His27→Asn27), which strongly suggested that JCM7638 secretes degraded nisin and that His27 is not essential to its antibiotic activity.
Transcriptional repression of insulin-like growth factor I by glucocorticoids in rat bone cells (1995)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is an abundant autocrine and paracrine growth factor secreted by osteoblasts. It promotes osteoblast proliferation and expression of their differentiated phenotype. Glucocorticoids decrease IGF-I production by osteoblasts, which may mediate some actions of the steroid on bone in both normal and pathological states. The mechanisms by which the glucocorticoid cortisol down-regulates IGF-I transcripts were explored using cultures of osteoblast-enriched cells derived from fetal rat calvaria (Ob cells). Repression of IGF-I transcripts was apparent after 8 h of treatment, was sustained for at least 24 h, and was not altered by cotreatment with cycloheximide. Cortisol did not alter the stability of IGF-I messenger RNAs in transcriptionally arrested Ob cells. Cortisol decreased IGF-I heterogeneous nuclear RNA and gene transcription, as determined by reverse transcription-linked polymerase chain reaction and nuclear run-on assay, respectively. Transient transfection of Ob cells with constructs containing portions of the rat IGF-I exon 1 promoter and 5'-flanking DNA linked to the reporter gene luciferase were performed to determine glucocorticoid-responsive region of the rat IGF-I exon 1 promoter was localized to 34 to 192 relative to the first start site of transcription. In conclusion, cortisol inhibits the transcription of IGF-I in osteoblasts, an effect that may be relevant to the actions of cortisol in bone.
Hybrid Wireless Networks: Applications, Architectures and New Perspectives (2006)

With the advent and ubiquitous of wireless technology, a wide range of advanced services are expected to be supported including appealing services that currently exist in wired systems. Nevertheless, the resource constraints in wireless environment may render difficulty to realizing all the desirable services. Consequently, an infrastructure with high data rate is necessary to complement the resource constraints and to act as anchor points linking mobile nodes to other fixed networks as the Internet. Hybrid wireless networks have emerged as a promising solution, allowing mobile clients to achieve higher performance and service access in a seamless manner independent of their existence in wireless LAN (WLAN) communication range. In this paper we address the benefits of hybrid wireless networks, showing their possible applications and presenting a classification for their emerging architectures. Also, we identify the research challenge arising from the problem of applying the grid computing concept in such hybrid wireless environment, showing the expected benefits from the aggregated fixed-mobile capacity. Finally, we propose our vision for a potential architectural model, which is expected to provide useful services by the network operator or the service provider in such a hybrid environment
<title>Low-cost integrated-optic fiber couplers</title> (1997)

In an effort to lower the cost of fiber optic couplers, integrated optic channel waveguide circuits are made of a UV-curable polymer using a molding technique, and then a novel fiber-to-channel connecting approach is employed in which UV light radiating from an optical fiber core cures the polymer in the channel, thus accomplishing a 'touchdown' of the core-extension waveguide onto the walls of the channel waveguide.
Thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. (1989)

This decade has witnessed the establishment of thrombolysis, the most widely available therapeutic intervention that specifically treats the direct cause of myocardial infarction and leads to biologically and clinically compelling patient outcome benefits. The next series of investigational tasks will refine issues such as patient and drug selection and optimal postlysis strategies.
Mouse <i>Peg9/Dlk1</i> and human <i>PEG9/DLK1</i> are paternally expressed imprinted genes closely located to the maternally expressed imprinted genes: mouse <i>Meg3/Gtl2</i> and human <i>MEG3</i> (2000)

As DNA chip technology allows us to quickly screen a large number of genes, using this technology to search for imprinted genes could accelerate the identification of genes responsible for human and mouse genetic diseases. Dlk1 and DLK1, which encode transmembrane proteins, have six EGF-like repeats and show homology to the Delta gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Because of its homology to mammalian Delta homologues, PEG9/DLK1 may contribute to the scoliosis phenotype observed in maternal uniparental disomy 14 (mUPD14) patients.
An Analytic and Experimental Study of Multiple Channel Controllers (1979)

A multiple channel controller (MCC) is a controller which switches a given number of channels among a larger number of input/output devices and permits simultaneous access to as many devices as there are channels available. A simple queuing model for multiple channel controllers is created, and an approximate solution for this model is generated. The approximate solution is found, using simulation, to be very close for those cases examined to the actual behavior of the model. Further simulations indicate that the approximate solution of the model appears to be robust with respect to changes in some of the assumptions used in making the approximation. Trace data taken from a real system are analyzed and they confirm the predicted utility of MCC's. The problem of optimal scheduling of MCC's is briefly discussed. Alternative system configurations are compared with the objective of minimizing queuing delays.
Trust modelling and analysis in peer-to-peer clouds (2012)

In the context of an increasing demand for data and computational services, the benefits of cloud computing are substantial. However, cloud computing capabilities (as currently provisioned) can prove limited when accessed through a single provider. Extending capabilities of clouds by using user owned and provisioned devices can address a number of challenges arising in the context of current cloud deployments – such as data centre power efficiency, availability and outage management and secure access. We present a mechanism of forming trustworthy P2P clouds where various end-users can join and exchange resources. We propose a trust model for managing the formation and use of such clouds where feedback aggregation is used for identifying the trust distribution. Using various experimental setups we evaluate the status of the cloud in the context of different malicious end-users.
Synthesis of Silicon Nanostructures: Comparative Study (2013)

Silicon nanoparticles/nanostructures have been prepared by different methods. Lasers of different operational modes have been employed to prepare silicon nanoparticles by laser-induced etching, laser ablation and laser annealing. Moreover, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical etching were performed to synthesize silicon nanostructures. Optimum etching rate of 2.4 µm/min is obtained for the porous layer prepared by electrochemical etching under optimum conditions of 15 mA/cm2 and 10 minutes etching current density and etching time, respectively. Characterization of the prepared silicon nanostructures / nanoparticles was carried out using various methods. The experimentally observed Raman spectra of nanostructured layers prepared by three etching techniques reveal a red shift to 518 cm-1 and line broadening of 12 cm-1. While fitting of these spectra with the quantum confinement model provide an average size for nanostructured layers 6, 5.5 and 2 nm for photochemical, electrochemical and phooelectrochemical etching, respectively. The surface morphology investigation and their analysis provide valuable details on silicon nanostructure/nanoparticle size and size distribution.
Solving Combinatorial Optimization Problems Using Genetic Algorithms and Ant Colony Optimization (2012)

Asymmetric cell divisions can produce daughter cells of different sizes, but it is unclear whether unequal cell cleavage is important for cell fate decisions. A new paper in Development explores the role of unequal cleavages in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. To learn more about the story behind the paper, we caught up with first author Thomas Mullan and corresponding author Richard Poole, Associate Professor of Developmental Biology at University College London, UK.
Discovery and Preclinical Evaluation of [4-[[1-(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1<i>H</i>-indazol-5-ylamino]-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-<i>f</i>][1,2,4]triazin-6-yl]carbamic Acid, (3<i>S</i>)-3-Morpholinylmethyl Ester (BMS-599626), a Selective and Orally Efficacious Inhibitor of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1 and 2 Kinases (2009)

Structure-activity relationships in a series of 4-[1H-indazol-5-ylamino]pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine-6-carbamates identified dual human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)1/HER2 kinase inhibitors with excellent biochemical potency and kinase selectivity. On the basis of its favorable pharmacokinetic profile and robust in vivo activity in HER1 and HER2 driven tumor models, 13 (BMS-599626) was selected as a clinical candidate for treatment of solid tumors.
Research on Plasma Arc Oxidation of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy (2004)

The paper introduces the plasma arc oxidation experiment of AZ31 magnesium alloy in the silicate oxidation solution, discusses the property of formed oxide film,and analyzes the influences of main film forming substances on the property of oxide film by orthogonal method.
Nanocomposites - New Trends and Developments (2012)

This book is a result of contributions of experts from international scientific community working in different aspects of nanocomposite science and applications and reports on the state of the art research and development findings on nanocomposites through original and innovative research studies. Through its 19 chapters the reader will have access to works related to the theory, and characterization of various types of nanocomposites such as composites of cellulose and metal nanoparticles, polymer/clay, polymer/Carbon and polymer-graphene nanocomposites and several other exciting topics while it introduces the various applications of nanocomposites in water treatment, supercapacitors, green energy generation, anticorrosive and antistatic applications, hard coatings, antiballistic and electroconductive scaffolds. Besides, it reviews multifunctional nanocomposites, photonics of dielectric nanostructures and electron scattering in nanocomposite materials.
Simulation numérique de l'endommagement à l'aide du modèle Francfort-Marigo (1998)

Dans cet article, on présente la mise en oeuvre de simulations numériques de l'évolution de l'endommagement selon le modèle de Francfort et Marigo. Il s'agit d'un modèle d'endommagement partiel, quasi-statique, irréversible, d'une structure élastique dans le cadre de petites déformations. Ce modèle permet de prévoir la formation et l'évolution des zones endommagées dans la structure. Pour que ce modèle soit bien posé, il est nécessaire d'avoir recours à l'homogénéisation car des mélanges fins de matériaux sain et endommagé peuvent naturellement apparaitre. A l'aide de cas tests simples (poutre en flexion, éprouvette préfissurée), on montre les principaux avantages et les limitations d'une telle modélisation.
Effect of Substrate on the Regulation of Exoprotease Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 (1983)

Exoprotease production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 was growth-associated when cultures were grown on complex substrates such as proteins but it occurred during the decelerating growth phase when the organism was grown on amino acids, mixtures of amino acids or simple carbon sources. NH4Cl and simple carbon sources caused repression. Exoprotease was produced in chemostat cultures in response to growth under any of the nutrient limitations studied (carbon, nitrogen or phosphate). Furthermore, by growing at rates less than approximately 0.1 h-1, the repression of enzyme production could be overcome to a large degree. At low growth rates there was an inverse relationship between growth rate and exoprotease production. Thus, exoprotease production was depressed by available energy sources and was increased in response to any nutrient limitation.
Mung bean nuclease I. 7. Terminally directed hydrolysis of native DNA (1976)

<p>“Rosa Barba’s Somnium (…) draws together many of the key concerns that have emerged in the artist´s oeuvre over the past decade. Its point of departure is a short story by the German astronomer Johanner Kepler. Although framed as a dream, this tale of a lunar voyage was devised to validate the radically seditious thesis of a heliocentric universe. Published posthumously in 1634 and only rarely reprinted over the next three centuries, his text was finally rescued from obscurity when translated into several European languages. Soon gaining a reputation among devotees of science fiction, today it is widely recognized as a pioneer in that genre. Research into Somnium’s checkered history has informed Barba’s eponymous project. Borrowing Kepler’s title in tribute, she has drawn upon both his tale and, equally importantly, his remarkable achievement in establishing a new ontology of vision. (excerpt from Lynne Cooke, “Suspended Stories: Rosa Barba’s strategic narrativity“, in: Rosa Barba – White is an Image, Ostfildern 2011) Barba’s recordings were made in Rotterdam on a site planned as a future harbour, which will become operational in 2030. The landscape that Barba introduces in her recordings is itself surreal, strange and uninhabited, and captures the science-fiction tone of Kepler’s story. Different levels intertwine, as the time periods become endlessly and topographically uncertain. The boundaries between reality and fiction resolve into the poetic language of the film’s narrative, accompanied by the music of Jan St. Werner. The work reflects the notion that Kepler’s “Somnium sive Astronomia Lunaris”, which occurs as a dream narrative of fantastical detail, never loses sight of the Copernican view of astro-physical certainty. Kepler wrote his novel while at the court of Rudolf II in Prague (having replaced Tycho Brahe as imperial astronomer) and only a few months before Galileo’s first telescope observations of the moon. His tale describes in detail how the earth itself might look from the lunar surface, and speculates on the anatomy and way of life of the inhabitants of the moon and its climatic conditions.</p>\n
An Effective System for Optical Microscopy Cell Image Segmentation, Tracking and Cell Phase Identification (2006)

The lacking of automatic screen systems that can deal with large volume of time-lapse optical microscopy imaging is a bottleneck of modern bio-imaging research. In this paper, we propose an effective automated analytic system that can be used to acquire, track and analyze cell-cycle behaviors of a large population of cells. We use traditional watershed algorithm for cell nuclei segmentation and then a novel hybrid merging method is proposed for fragments merging. After a distance and size based tracking procedure, the performance of fragments merging is improved again by the sequence context information. At last, the cell nuclei can be classified into different phases accurately in a continuous hidden Markov model (HMM). Experimental results show the proposed system is very effective for cell sequence segmentation, tracking and cell phase identification.
Processing and characterization of LDPE/starch products (2001)

Low-density polyethylene/plastisized starch blends varying in starch content were processed by conventional extrusion, injection-molding, and film-blowing techniques. Polyethylene-g-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate starch destructurization during extrusion and on subsequent processing. The effect of starch content on the blends was evaluated by mechanical property measurement and scanning electron microscopy. Starch, except for being a biodegradable material, can also act as a reinforcing agent. The reinforcing effect of starch was only realized in injection-molded materials. Processing–structure–property relationships could explain this behavior. The present study also brought out the effect that the degree of molecular orientation existing in a polymeric matrix may have on the coupling performance of an adhesion promoter. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2548–2557, 2001
Facile synthesis of gold nanoparticle (AuNP)–carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrids through an interfacial Michael addition reaction (2013)

A CNT-AuNP hybrid has been synthesized through the Michael addition reaction between thiol-functionalized single-wall CNT and small water-soluble Maleimide-AuNP. The resilience and stability of this hybrid nanosystem is ensured by a covalent bond linking the nanoparticle to the CNT and by the fact that the functionalization reaction involves the organic shell of the AuNP and not its metallic core.
Control of the Escherichia coli rrnB P1 Promoter Strength by ppGpp (1995)

Fusions of the rrnB P1 and P2 promoters, and of the tandem P1-P2 combination, to a wild-type lacZ gene were constructed on plasmids and recombined into the mal region of the bacterial chromosome, close to the normal location and in the normal orientation of rrnB. The upstream activator region (Fis-binding sites) was always present with the P1 promoter, and all constructs contained the box A antitermination site of rRNA genes. Using these constructs, beta-galactosidase specific activities were measured in Escherichia coli strains carrying either both ppGpp synthetases, PSI and PSII (relA+ spoT+), or only PSII (delta relA spoT+), or neither (delta relA delta spoT), using different media supporting growth rates between 0.6 and 2.8 doublings/h at 37 degrees C. The beta-galactosidase activities were used to estimate the relative strength of the rrnB P1 promoter in comparison to the isolated rrnB P2 promoter. Promoter strength (transcripts initiated per min per promoter per free RNA polymerase concentration) was distinguished from promoter activity (transcripts initiated per min per promoter). In ppGpp-synthesizing (wild-type) bacteria, the relative strength of the rrnB P1 promoter increased nearly 10-fold with increasing growth rate from 0.17 to 1.5, but in the ppGpp-less double mutants it decreased by 20% from 1.7 to 1.5. Thus, at low or zero levels of ppGpp, the P1 promoter was 1.5-1.7 times stronger than the isolated P2 promoter. These results indicate that the normal growth rate control of the rrnB P1 promoter strength requires ppGpp, and that the strength is reduced at basal levels of ppGpp found during exponential growth. No additional ppGpp-independent control of the rrnB P1 promoter strength was evident. From the beta-galactosidase data and previously determined values of rRNA gene activities, the activities of the isolated rrnB P1 and P2 promoters, and of the P2 promoter in the tandem combination, were estimated. With increasing growth rate, the activity of the isolated P2 promoter increased 6-fold from 6 to 33 initiations/min, while the activity of the isolated P1 promoter increased 24-fold from 2 to 54 initiations/min. The increasing activity of the isolated P2 promoter is assumed to reflect the increasing RNA polymerase concentration at constant promoter strength, whereas the steeper increase in P1 promoter activity reflects increases in both polymerase concentration and promoter strength. When in tandem with P1, the P2 promoter activity is inferred to decrease as the P1 promoter activity increases.
Solid State Induction Modulator Replacement for the Conventional SLAC 5045 Klystron Modulator (2000)

The Next Linear Collider accelerator is developing a high efficiency, highly reliable, and low cost pulsed-power modulator to drive the NLC 500KV, 230A X band klystrons. To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed induction modulator, a 10 section Solid State Induction Modulator has been assembled to drive a single 5045 klystrons in the SLAC linac. The Induction Modulator replaces the existing modulators PFN/thyratron and drives the klystron using its existing conventional pulse transformer. The status of the proposed thousand-megawatt NLC Solid State induction modulator will be discussed, and the results of the 5045 klystron modulator test.
Amphiphilic Janus particles at fluid interfaces (2013)

Janus particles are colloids that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic faces. Recent advances in particle synthesis enable the generation of geometrically and chemically anisotropic Janus particles with high uniformity and precision. These amphiphilic particles are similar to molecular surfactants in many aspects; they self-assemble in bulk media and also readily attach to fluid interfaces. These particles, just like molecular surfactants, could potentially function as effective stabilizers for various multiphasic systems such as emulsions and foams. In particular, just as the shape and chemical composition have a significant impact on the surfactancy of molecular amphiphiles, the ability to control the shape and wetting properties of Janus particles could provide a unique opportunity to control their surface activity. In this review, we first examine the recent developments in using amphiphilic Janus particles as colloid surfactants to stabilize multiphasic mixtures such as emulsions. These results have motivated a number of detailed investigations aimed at understanding the behaviour of Janus particles at fluid–fluid interfaces at the microscopic level, which we highlight. This review also discusses the importance of controlling the shape of Janus particles, which has a drastic impact on their behaviour at fluid interfaces. We conclude this review by presenting outlook on the future directions and outstanding problems that warrant further study to fully enable the utilization of Janus particles as colloid surfactants in practical applications.