gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution Using Low-Cost Activated Carbons Derived from Agricultural Waste Materials and Activated Carbon Fabric Cloth (2005)

This paper examines an efficient adsorption process for the treatment of tannery wastewater. A variety of low-cost activated carbons were developed from agricultural waste materials, characterized, and utilized for the removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater. Systematic studies on chromium(VI) adsorption equilibrium and kinetics by low-cost activated carbons as well as commercially available activated carbon fabric cloth were carried out at different temperatures, particle size, pH, and adsorbent doses. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models fitted the adsorption data quite reasonably. The results indicate that the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model fits the data better than the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Further, the data are better correlated with the nonlinear form than the linear one. The kinetic studies were conducted to delineate the effects of temperature, initial adsorbate concentration, adsorbent particle size, and solid-to-liquid ratio. The adsorption of Cr(VI) follows pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. On the basis of these studies, various parameters such as the effective diffusion coefficient, activation energy, and activation entropy were evaluated to establish the mechanisms. The adsorption capacities of the tested adsorbents was found to be comparable to those of the available adsorbents/activated carbons.
Lignin solubilisation and gentle fractionation in liquid ammonia (2014)

It's definitely not water! The complete dissolution of lignin in pure liquid ammonia opens opportunities for converting this abundant yet stubborn biopolymer to useful aromatics under moderate conditions.
Stark shifts in GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy (1987)

The authors have measured, by means of low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy, the dependence on the well thickness of the shift of the excitonic recombination in GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells induced by an external electric field. With increasing thickness, up to 230 AA, an increasing Stark shift, amounting to more than 100 meV for an external field of approximately 105 V cm-1, has been found. A corresponding quenching of the luminescence intensity has also been measured. Theoretical calculations of the eigenstates have been carried out and shown to compare favourably with the experiments. Two different approaches, numerical solution of the Schrodinger equation and variational calculations of the eigenstates, yield similar results for the Stark shift. Using the latter method, the quenching of the photoluminescence is correlated with the decrease in the wavefunction overlap between electrons and holes, as they are spatially separated by the field.
Effects of Crude Oil Components on Rock Wettability (1959)

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 216, 1959, pages 330–333.Paper presented at the AIChE-SPE Joint Symposium in Kansas City, Mo., May 17–20, 1959. Abstract The effects of crude oil components on the wettabilities of sandstone and limestone were investigated. Fractions containing components differing in molecular weight and molecular structure were obtained from crude oils by distillation, extraction and chromatography. Individual fractions were then tested for their effects on rock wettability. Tests indicate that sandstone wettability may be changed by a complex variety of surfactants varying both in molecular structure and molecular weight. Limestone appears to be particularly sensitive to basic, nitrogenous surfactants. Introduction Investigations in recent years have shown that petroleum reservoir rock wettability can exert a significant influence on the efficiency with which oil can be produced by water flooding. While most reservoirs are presumably water-wet, they may range in their degree of water-wettability from near-neutral to strongly water-wet. Reservoir wettabilities other than strongly water-wet are likely to be induced by adsorption of surface-active components from the crude oil on the pore walls of reservoir rock. Little is known, however, about the nature of the surface-active materials which are likely to be adsorbed by the reservoir rock. Due to the complexity of crude oils, attempts made in the past to isolate these surface-active components have met with only limited success. It is probable that many different types of surface-active materials are indigenous to crude oils and that many of these may be adsorbed to varying degrees by reservoir rock. This was explored in the studies discussed in this paper.
The Onset of Hot-Spot Contention. (1986)

The cell nucleus is a highly organized structure and plays an important role in gene regulation. Understanding the mechanisms that sustain this organization is therefore essential for understanding genome function. Centromeric regions (CRs) of chromosomes have been known for years to adopt specific nuclear positioning patterns, but the significance of this observation is not yet completely understood. Here, using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunochemistry on fixed human cells and high-throughput imaging, we directly and quantitatively investigated the nuclear positioning of specific human CRs. We observe differential attraction of individual CRs toward both the nuclear border and the nucleoli, the former being enhanced in nonproliferating cells and the latter being enhanced in proliferating cells. Similar positioning patterns are observed in two different lymphoblastoid cell lines. Moreover, the positioning of CRs differs from that of noncentromeric regions, and CRs display specific orientations within chromosome territories. These results suggest the existence of not-yet-characterized mechanisms that drive the nuclear positioning of CRs and therefore pave the way toward a better understanding of how CRs affect nuclear organization.
Active Antenna Bandwidth Control Using Reconfigurable Antenna Elements (2003)

Reconfigurable antennas represent a recent innovation in antenna design that changes from classical fixed-form, fixed-function antennas to modifiable structures that can be adapted to fit the requirements of a time varying system. Advances in microwave semiconductor processing technologies have enabled the use of compact, ultra-high quality RF and microwave switches in novel aspects of antenna design. This dissertation introduces the concept of reconfigurable antenna bandwidth control and how advances in switch technology have made these designs realizable. Specifically, it details the development of three new antennas capable of reconfigurable bandwidth control. The newly developed antennas include the reconfigurable ring patch, the reconfigurable planar inverted-F and the reconfigurable parasitic folded dipole. The relevant background work to these designs is described and then design details along with computer simulations and measured experimental results are given.
A Kinetic Study of the Oxidation by Molecular Oxygen of theCytochrome Chain of Intact Yeast Cells,Acetobacter suboxydans Cells,and of Particulate Suspensions of Heart Muscle (1983)

The pre-steady state kinetics of the cytochrome c oxidase reaction with oxygen were studied by a variation in the reaction time between approximately 6 and 25 ms at oxygen concentrations less than 6 mumol/l. For baker's yeast, a pseudo-first-order velocity constant of approximately 150 s-1 at 1.3 mumol/l O2 was obtained corresponding to a second-order reaction between O2 and a3 at a forward velocity constant (k+1) of approximately 3 X 10(7) liter equiv.-1s-1. Thus, the membrane-bound oxidase in the intact cell exhibits one of the most rapid enzyme-substrate reactions to be reported. The value is identical with that of Greenwood and Gibson on an isolated, solubilized cytochrome c oxidase. Similar values of k+1 are calculated from the turnover numbers [k+2 (a+2)] divided by the Km values (formula; see text) measured for these yeast preparations, which points to an almost negligible reverse reaction (k-1) compared to k+2(a+2). Similar calculations for the membrane-bound cytochrome c oxidase of heart muscle give a value of k+1 approximately equal to 10(7) liter equiv.-1s-1. The concordance of the different values of k+1 supports the view that the yeast cell wall does not impart a significant diffusion barrier to the transport of molecular oxygen. In contrast, Acetobacter suboxydans exhibits a much larger value for Km, and has a terminal oxidase of different kinetic parameters.
Molecular assembly formation of cyclic hexa‐β‐peptide composed of acetylated glycosamino acids (2007)

A novel cyclic hexamer of acetylated beta-glycosamino acid was synthesized and its conformation and molecular assembly formation was investigated. Variable temperature NMR study indicated that the cyclic hexapeptide took a C(3) symmetric conformation at room temperature, but at elevated temperatures a C(6) symmetric one, which was not due to averaging of the C(3) symmetric conformation, appeared. Computational geometry optimization showed that the C(6) symmetric conformation was a highly planar structure with amide groups orienting perpendicular to the ring plane. The cyclic hexa-beta-peptide formed rod-shaped crystals from an N,N-dimethyl formamide solution at elevated temperature. The optical microscopy observation with a sensitive tint plate under cross-nicol configuration and electron diffraction analysis of the crystals revealed that the cyclic hexa-beta-peptides were stacked one after the other to form a regular nanotube structure.
Arginine methylation of the B cell antigen receptor promotes differentiation (2010)

Signals processed through the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) control both the proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes. How these different signaling modes are established at the BCR is poorly understood. We show that a conserved arginine in the tail sequence of the Igalpha subunit of the BCR is methylated by the protein arginine methyltransferase 1. This modification negatively regulates the calcium and PI-3 kinase pathways of the BCR while promoting signals leading to B cell differentiation. Thus, Igalpha arginine methylation can play an important role in specifying the outcome of BCR signaling.
Exciton polariton-mediated long-range excitation energy transport in disordered organic semiconductors (2020)

We demonstrate room-temperature ultralong-range transport >80 pm of exciton- polaritons in a disordered organic thin-film using a one-sided distributed Bragg reflector, which is orders of magnitude larger than expected for excitons in disordered systems.
A Human Body Model for Articulated 3D Pose Tracking (2007)

This paper has proposed a geometric human body model, a joint model and a way for fusion of different input cues for tracking of an articulated body. The proposed algorithm is able to process 3d as well as 2d input data from different sensors like ToF-cameras, stereo or monocular images. It is based on a 3d body model which consists of a set of degenerated cylinders, which are connected by an elastic bands joint model. The proposed approach runs in real-time. It has been demonstrated with a human body model for pose tracking. The main novelty and contribution of the presented approach lies in the articulated body model based on elastic bands with soft stiffness constraints, and in the notion of point correspondences as a general measurement and model format. Different joint behaviours
IMS presence server: Traffic analysis &#x00026; performance modelling (2008)

Presence is a service that allows a user to be informed about the reachability, availability, and willingness to communicate of another user. Presence service has become a key enabler for many popular applications such as instant messaging and push-to-talk. However a study shows that presence service can account for 50% or more of the total signalling traffic the IMS core network handles (C. Urrutia-Valds et al., 2006). This is quite a burden for a real IMS network and need to be tackled. In this paper, a thorough analysis of the traffic load distribution reveals that notify messages account for the largest portion of the traffic load on a presence server. We propose a mathematical model of a queueing system with batch arrival and controlled vacation to describe the processing of notify messages inside a presence server. The model is then used to calculate the optimal value of the timer that controls the notify queue, which is an essential parameter to adjust in network sizing upon deploying a presence server. An approximation of the model is also provided so that the performance of a presence server can be tuned in an online manner based on real traffic statistics.
Production and Usage of Laser-Beam-Welded Sheet Metal (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In connection with the development of a fully galvanized passenger car body to be produced in large-scale series, use was made at Thyssen Stahl AG of laser welding technology to develop a new product for which no production possibilities previously existed anywhere in the world. Apart from the development of the welding technology and the application-related tests performed in parallel, an automatic production installation was designed and built in-house. By the end of 1986, some 400,000 laser-welded galvanized sheets had been successfully processed, chiefly into difficult, deep-drawn parts.</div>
Activation of B- and T-cells by the cytoplasmic domains of the B-cell antigen receptor proteins Ig-alpha and Ig-beta. (1994)

In addition to membrane immunoglobulin (mIg), the B-cell antigen receptor contains Ig-alpha/Ig-beta heterodimers that link mIg to intracellular signaling molecules. To compare the ability of the cytoplasmic domains of Ig-alpha and Ig-beta to transduce signals in B- and T-cells, we constructed chimeric genes encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of human CD8 alpha and the cytoplasmic domain of murine Ig-alpha (CD8/Ig-alpha) or Ig-beta (CD8/Ig-beta). In murine B-cell hybridoma LK 35.2 cells, antibody-mediated cross-linking of mIg, CD8/Ig-alpha, or CD8/Ig-beta induced similar increases in intracellular calcium levels and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Substitution of alanine for the conserved leucine, but not the conserved isoleucine, residue within the putative activation motif of CD8/Ig-beta destroyed signaling ability. In murine T-cell hybridoma DO-11.10 cells, cross-linking of the T-cell antigen receptor, CD8/Ig-alpha, or CD8/Ig-beta stimulated equivalent protein tyrosine phosphorylation and interleukin-2 production. Thus, the cytoplasmic domains of Ig-alpha and Ig-beta are equally capable of initiating early signaling events downstream of B- and T-cell antigen receptors as well as evoking a complete biological effector response in lymphocytes.
Measurements of Serum Levels of Nitrate Ions in Men and Women: Implications of Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor in Blood Pressure Regulation and Atherosclerosis (1992)

Summary: As endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator and degraded into nitric ions, we measured serum levels of nitrate (NO-3) concentrations as an index of endothelium-derived NO, to assess its role in blood pressure regulation. Because serum NO3− levels in men were significantly elevated compared to those in women, data from these two groups were analyzed separately. In men, multiple regression analysis revealed that NO3− significantly correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and total cholesterol. Blood pressure correlated with age, BMI, and NO3− with multivariate analysis. In women, NO3− significantly correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol with a simple correlation. With multiple regression analysis, serum NO3− highly correlated with serum levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol and age. The blood pressure correlated with four parameters, i.e., total cholesterol, age, BMI, and NO3−. In summary, serum NO3- levels seem to relate to serum lipids and glucose levels and blood pressure, which strongly suggests that production of endothelium-derived NO is increased in the atherosclerotic process.
Rheology Modification of Hydrogen Peroxide‐based Applications Using Cross‐linked Polyacrylic Acid Polymers (1999)

A fundamental study of the stability of hydrogen peroxide-based gels, thickened using cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymers, will be presented. Recent systematic experiments will demonstrate that excellent long term stability of such gels can be achieved. The study evaluates different types of cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymers (as well as an associative acrylic polymer), several commercial sources of hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide concentrations and the effect of pH. Resulting viscosities from combinations of these variables will be presented, as well as the effects of accelerated aging on percent active peroxide and viscosity of the thickened peroxide gels. The results of this study will enable the formulator to determine the appropriate polymer and conditions necessary for this optimal stability and rheological properties for hydrogen peroxide applications. This study will demonstrate that some cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymers are very compatible and stable with H _ 2O _ 2 and that these polymers do not affect the H _ 2O _ 2 stability under certain conditions. In addition, this study will show that certain cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymers can produce very viscous gels and yield higher viscosities in typical permanent hair color formulas compared to many commercially available products. Because of the excellent compatibility and stability demonstrated, cross-linked acrylic acid polymers are ideal rheological modifiers for hydrogen peroxide-based applications. The performance benefits of using a cross-linked acrylic acid polymer in two-part hair color formulations will be described in detail.
The MINOAS project: Marine INspection rObotic Assistant System (2011)

In this paper an overall description of the MINOAS project is reported. The project proposes an innovative approach to improve ship inspection methodology, complementing human personnel with cutting-edge robotic platforms, able to autonomously carry out inspection tasks, allowing in this way the human operators to 'virtually' execute the inspection from a control room. This paper provides an overview of the project motivations, concept and goals, specifications of the MINOAS system, in particular with respect to an accurate analysis of the tasks executed during vessel inspections, the proposed overall architecture and the classes of robots that will be considered as a possible help to the human inspector.
Estimating and calibrating the amount of building-related construction and demolition waste in urban China (2016)

One side effect of the unprecedented urbanization in China is the large amount of building-related construction and demolition (C&D) waste generated during the process. It is an enigma why such statistics as C&D waste generation are absent from the literature in spite of their importance to devising sensible interventions to deal with the C&D waste-related problems. This paper aims to estimate the amount of C&D waste at the country level. It does so by adopting a methodology utilizing national statistical data and the average amounts of waste generated at work sites. Furthermore, the estimation undergoes a thorough calibration against various independent sources before it can be accepted confidently. It is finally estimated that approximately 1.13 billion tons of C&D materials were generated in China during 2014, which has declined from a plateau of building activities and C&D waste generation in the early 2010s. The paper provides some useful references for devising appropriate C&D waste reduction, reuse, or recycling strategies. The paper also offers useful commentary on methodology to estimate C&D waste generation at an urban level, particularly in situations where data availability is erratic.
p56lck association with CD4 is required for the interaction between CD4 and the TCR/CD3 complex and for optimal antigen stimulation (1992)

By fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we have previously demonstrated that upon anti-CD3 mAb-mediated activation of a murine T cell hybridoma expressing human CD4, CD4 moves into close association with the TCR/CD3 complex. It was shown that this association between CD4 and the TCR/CD3 complex was dependent upon the presence of an intact CD4 cytoplasmic domain. We have now expressed, in a murine T cell hybridoma, mutated forms of CD4 containing cysteine to serine point mutations at positions 420, 422, or 430. The mutations at positions 420 and 422, but not 430, abolish association with p56lck. By using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we demonstrate that mutations of CD4 which fail to interact with p56lck are unable to associate with the TCR/CD3 complex under conditions in which wild-type CD4 and the 430 mutant CD4 do associate with the TCR/CD3 complex. In addition, these mutants have a diminished response to CD4-dependent stimuli. We conclude that the association between CD4 and the TCR/CD3 complex during T cell activation plays an important role in CD4-dependent responsiveness and this association requires the interaction of CD4 with p56lck. These results also suggest that a substrate for p56lck may be expressed in the TCR/CD3 complex.
Current Approaches for Cheaper and better Micropropagation Technologies (2021)

Review Article
Electromagnetic effects in high-frequency capacitive discharges used for plasma processing (2007)

In plasma processing, capacitive discharges have classically been operated in the electrostatic regime, for which the excitation wavelength λ is much greater than the electrode radius, and the plasma skin depth δ is much greater than the electrode spacing. However, contemporary reactors are larger and excited at higher frequencies which leads to strong electromagnetic effects. This paper gives a review of the work that has recently been carried out to carefully model and diagnose these effects, which cause major uniformity problems in plasma processing for microelectronics and flat panel displays industries.
Treating lung inflammation with agonists of the adenosine A<sub>2A</sub>receptor: promises, problems and potential solutions (2008)

Adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists may be important regulators of inflammation. Such conclusions have come from studies demonstrating that, (i) adenosine A(2A) agonists exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo, (ii) selective A(2A) antagonists enhance inflammation in vivo and, (iii) knock outs of this receptor aggravate inflammation in a wide variety of in vivo models. Inflammation is a hallmark of asthma and COPD and adenosine has long been suggested to be involved in disease pathology. Two recent publications, however, suggested that an inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist (GW328267X) did not affect either the early and late asthmatic response or symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis suggesting that the rationale for treating inflammation with an adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist may be incorrect. A barrier to fully investigating the role of adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists as anti-inflammatory agents in the lung is the side effect profile due to systemic exposure, even with inhalation. Unless strategies can be evolved to limit the systemic exposure of inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists, the promise of treating lung inflammation with such agents may never be fully explored. Using strategies similar to that devised to improve the therapeutic index of inhaled corticosteroids, UK371,104 was identified as a selective agonist of the adenosine A(2A) receptor that has a lung focus of pharmacological activity following delivery to the lung in a pre clinical in vivo model of lung function. Lung-focussed agents such as UK371,104 may be suitable for assessing the anti-inflammatory potential of inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists.