gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Fertilization of Ponds (1978)

Nitrogen fertilization failed to increase the production of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and plankton in small experimental ponds (0.022 to 0.066 hectare) which were also fertilized with phosphorus. In an experiment conducted in larger ponds (0.57 to 10.32 hectares), nitrogen plus phosphorus fertilization was no more effective than phosphorus-only fertilization in promoting plankton growth. However, an earlier experiment at Auburn University (1964-1965) demonstrated that the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to ponds increased bluegill production, but not largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) production, above that achieved with phosphorus-only fertilization. Nevertheless, phosphorus-only fertilization will appreciably increase production of sport fish in ponds, and because of the added cost, nitrogen fertilizers should not be used in fertilization programs for most sportfish ponds.
Finite-deformation irreversible cohesive elements for three-dimensional crack-propagation analysis (1999)

We develop a three-dimensional finite-deformation cohesive element and a class of irreversible cohesive laws which enable the accurate and efficient tracking of dynamically growing cracks. The cohesive element governs the separation of the crack flanks in accordance with an irreversible cohesive law, eventually leading to the formation of free surfaces, and is compatible with a conventional finite element discretization of the bulk material. The versatility and predictive ability of the method is demonstrated through the simulation of a drop-weight dynamic fracture test similar to those reported by Zehnder and Rosakis. The ability of the method to approximate the experimentally observed crack-tip trajectory is particularly noteworthy. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New York Practice (1991)

Described by many lawyers as the bible of New York practice, Siegel's Hornbook on New York Practice serves as the complete guide to civil practice in New York state courts, with a broad perspective in each subject. Used by students, lawyers, and judges alike and cited in thousands of New York cases, it discusses such topics as statutes of limitations, personal jurisdiction, appearance, venue, parties, papers, pleadings, motion practice, accelerated judgment, provisional remedies, disclosure, pretrial incidents, judgment, arbitration, and res judicata. The hornbook addresses pitfalls for practicing attorneys and judges. To eliminate the gap between what a student learns in law school and what a new lawyer actually needs to know in practice, the book starts from scratch on subjects, rather then assuming knowledge. This time-saving reference guide contains a Westlaw appendix; expert commentary; footnote citations to leading court decisions; and tables of cases, statutes and court rules.
Light-emitting devices based on the real-space transfer of hot electrons (1991)

The real-space transfer of hot electrons into semiconductor layers, where the transferred electrons are minority carriers, results in a generation of light by recombination. Based on this principle, several optoelectronic devices of varying degree of complexity are proposed in the present work. In particular, we propose a new class of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers that can be implemented in a number of heterostructures, including long wavelength materials (over 1.5 μm). An advantage of these structures is that the injection can be arranged without any current passing through the dielectric mirror stacks forming an optical cavity. Real-space transfer lasers can be used as logic devices with optical output functionally related to two or more electrical inputs.
Effect of two-beam coupling in strong-field optical pump-probe experiments (2013)

Nonlinear optics experiments measuring phase shifts induced in a weak probe pulse by a strong pump pulse must account for coherent effects that only occur when the pump and probe pulses are temporally overlapped. It is well known that a weak probe beam experiences a greater phase shift from a strong pump beam than the pump beam induces on itself. The physical mechanism behind the enhanced phase shift is diffraction of pump light into the probe direction by a nonlinear refractive index grating produced by interference between the two beams. For an instantaneous third-order response, the effect of the grating is to simply double the probe phase shift, but when delayed nonlinearities are considered, the effect is more complex. A comprehensive treatment is given for both degenerate and nondegenerate pump-probe experiments in noble and diatomic gases. Results of numerical calculations are compared to a recent transient birefringence measurement [Loriot et al., Opt. Express 17, 13429 (2009)] and a recent spectral interferometry experiment [Wahlstrand et al., Phys. Rev. A 85, 043820 (2012)]. We also present results from two new experiments using spectrally resolved transient birefringence with 800 nm pulses in Ar and air and degenerate chirped pulse spectral interferometry in Ar. Both experiments support the interpretation of the negative birefringence at high intensity as arising from a plasma grating.
Unsupervised and incremental speaker adaptation under adverse environmental conditions (2002)

A speaker adaptation method is described. In practical applications of speaker adaptation, adaptation and testing environments change significantly and are unknown beforehand. In such cases, since the speaker adaptation adapts a reference pattern to the adaptation utterances with regard to differences in both environment and speaker at the same time, performance in speaker adaptation would be degraded. To cope with this problem, our proposed method first eliminates the environmental differences between each input utterance and a reference pattern by using a rapid environment adaptation algorithm based on spectrum equalization (REALISE) (K. Takagi et al., 1995). Then we apply an unsupervised and incremental speaker adaptation with autonomous control using tree structure pdfs (ACTS) (K. Shinoda and T. Watanabe, 1995) to the environmentally adapted reference pattern. By combining these two methods, the resulting system is expected to perform well under adverse environmental conditions and to show a stable improvement, regardless of the amount of adaptation data. Evaluation experiments were carried out for utterances under three vehicle speed conditions. Recognition rates for a 100 Japanese word recognition task after 100 word adaptation were improved from 92% (ACTS alone) to 95% (proposed method).
Studies on Cellulose Compounds (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Cellulose CompoundsE. Berl and W. KoerberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 1, 154–157Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01870a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01870a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of polymer-embedded proteins to fabrication of DNA array (2000)

A plasma-polymerized film (PPF) of hexamethyldisiloxane [HMDS; (CH(3))(3)SiOSi(CH(3))(3)] was used to immobilize streptavidin on a glass substrate. Another layer of HMDS-PPF was also applied to the protein, which was first adsorbed to an underlayer of the same kind of film. As the result, the streptavidin was "embedded" between the two layers of HMDS, whereby biotinylated molecules could be efficiently captured. The second layer of approximately 30 to 45 A PPF was sufficient to allow the binding of biotinylated molecules, whereas thicknesses of >90 A significantly hindered the streptavidin-biotin interactions. Fluorescence analysis revealed that the absence of an HMDS plasma-polymer (HMDS-PP) layer on either side of the streptavidin film resulted in a decrease in biotin binding. This immobilization technique was used to bind biotinylated oligonucleotides in sequence-specific DNA-DNA interactions. The hydrophobic properties of the plasma-polymerized HMDS thin film acted to minimize nonspecific DNA binding to the glass substrate. A DNA array was fabricated using this procedure and showed greatly decreased nonspecific DNA binding compared with a poly-L-lysine coated substrate.
Handling and marketing Iowa sweet potatoes (1941)

Among vegetable crops of the United States, sweet potatoes rank second in value only to white potatoes. In 1939, a total of 862,000 acres was harvested, producing 72,679,000 bushels with a farm value of $54,413,000. In most southern states, sweet potatoes have a position in the diet similar to that of white potatoes in the North and East.\nIn recent years, carlot shipments of southern-grown sweet potatoes from Louisiana to northern markets have increased because of improvements in storage and other facilities, providing a more even distribution throughout the year.
Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces (1996)

The Structure of Solid Surfaces and Adsorbate Overlayers. Adsorption I: The Binding of Molecules to Surfaces. Adsorption II: Adsorption Isotherms. Adsorption III: Kinetics of Adsorption. Introduction to Surface Reactions. Rate Laws for Reactions on Surfaces I: Kinetic Models. A Review of Reaction--Rate Theory. Models of Potential Energy Surfaces: Reactions as Curve Crossings and Electron Transfer Processes. Rates and Mechanisms of Surface Reactions. Index.
Biomarkers in Substance Use Disorders (2015)

The prevention and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs), including addiction, would benefit from having better biomarkers for the classification of patients into categories that are reproducible and have predictive validity. Direct measurement of drugs or their metabolites in various body fluids constitutes a clinically valuable biomarker but one that can only be used to corroborate acute or relatively recent drug use. Thus, there is an urgent need for biomarkers that reflect chronic drug exposure as well as biomarkers that predict or correlate with disease trajectories and treatment responses. Advances in tools and technologies to investigate genetics, epigenetics and epitranscriptomics, and human brain function and neurochemistry (brain imaging tools including EEG) offer unprecedented opportunities for the development of such biomarkers. Progress in this area will not only enhance our ability to screen and treat patients with SUDs but also accelerate research on the neurobiological processes that underlie SUDs.
Improved ability of biological and previous caries multimarkers to predict caries disease as revealed by multivariate PLS modelling (2009)

Multimarkers behave better than single-to-five markers but future multimarker strategies will require systematic searches for improved saliva and plaque bacteria markers.
Plasma ribonuclease.A marker for the detection of ovarian cancer (1977)

There were no significant differences between the mean blood plasma (leukocyte-free) RNAase activity among 128 healthy women volunteers age 13-70 and 49 women with benign gynecological tumors. Exceptions to this finding were three apparently healthy women volunteers who had plasma enzyme activity which was higher than two standard deviations from the mean of the control subjects. Increased plasma RNAase activity was also demonstrated for 21 of 22 patients with ovarian carcinomas of differential histological types. This group included two patients with Stage IA, two patients with Stage IC ovarian carcinoma, and 17 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. The one exception was a patient with a well encapsulated, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, Stage IA. The plasma RNAase activity returned to normal values in all of the cancer patients who had no clinical evidence of residual malignant tissue after surgical treatment. However, the enzyme activity also returned to a normal value in one of the 17 women in whom all of the malignant tissue was not removed. These data indicate that plasma RNAase activity can be utilized as a tumor marker for the presence of ovarian malignancies of various histological types, and to differentiate between malignant and benign neoplasms.
Autoantibody-mediated disorders of the central nervous system (2008)

Autoimmunity has been demonstrated in a diverse range of peripheral neurological disorders, such as myasthenia gravis and acquired neuromyotonia. Serum antibodies found in these conditions are directed against ion channels and receptors situated on the cell surface and have been shown to produce pathogenic effects. The symptoms of these peripheral disorders have been transferred to animals by passive or active immunisation and, in humans, treated successfully with immunomodulatory therapy. Recently, a number of central nervous system disorders (CNS), such as limbic encephalitis, certain forms of epilepsy, neuromyelitis optica and cerebellar ataxia, have been hypothesised to associate with specific serum autoantibodies. In this article we consider this rapidly expanding field of CNS disorders, discuss evidence for their proposed autoimmune aetiology and review whether the antibodies detected have been shown to be pathogenic or if they are secondary to preceding neuronal damage.
Effects of spatial correlations and global precedence on the visual fidelity of distorted images (2006)

This paper presents the results of three psychophysical experiments designed to investigate the effects of spatial correlations and the disruption of global precedence on the visual fidelity of natural images. The first two experiments used a psychophysical scaling paradigm in which subjects placed distorted images along a linear, one-dimensional "distortion axis" where physical distance corresponded to perceived distortion. In the first experiment, images were distorted at fixed levels of total distortion contrast in various fashions chosen to provide a reasonable representation of commonly encountered distortions. In the second experiment, images were simultaneously distorted with both structural distortion and additive white noise. Additionally, a third experiment was performed in which visual dissimilarities between all pairs of images were measured for the images used in second experiment. Results revealed that structural distortion generally gave rise to the greatest perceived distortion among the types of distortions tested; and, at highly suprathreshold distortion contrasts, additive white noise gave rise to the least perceived distortion. Furthermore, although structural distortion and noise appear to correspond to two separate perceptual dimensions, the addition of low-contrast white noise to an image which already contained structural distortion decreased the perceived distortion of the image, despite the increase in the total contrast of the distortions. These findings suggest that a measure of visual fidelity must take into account the spatial correlation between the distortions and the image, masking imposed by the images, the perceived contrast of the distortions, and the cross masking effects which occur between multiple types of distortions.
Flow cytometric detection of erythrocyte osmotic fragility (2008)

This new test was verified to be simple, quantitative, objective, and cost-effective for the measurement of OF. We suggest this test as another effective approach for HS screening, although its assay performance will require further verification through more clinical trials.
In Vitro Susceptibility of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> to Nine Antimicrobial Agents (1969)

The in vitro action of nine antibiotics was tested by the agar streak method against 45 gonococcal strains isolated from penicillin-therapy failures. The penicillin susceptibility range of these strains was 0.003 to 1.32 mug/ml, and the tetracycline susceptibility range was 0.125 to 2.0 mug/ml. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of minocycline and doxycycline paralleled the activity of tetracycline and ranged from 0.125 to 1.0 mug/ml and 0.125 to 2.0 mug/ml, respectively. Rifampicin, with a narrow range of 0.5 to 1.0 mug/ml, inhibited 75% of the strains at 0.5 mug/ml. The range for cephaloridine and cephaloglycine was 0.5 to 20.0 mug/ml, but another cephalosporium derivative, cephalexin, exhibited greater activity in its range of 0.25 to 20.0 mug/ml. A semisynthetic penicillin, carbenicillin, with a range of 0.025 to 0.75 mug/ml, displayed more activity against the lower susceptible penicillin G gonococcal strains.
Delivery man problem and cumulative matroids (1993)

Given a complete directed graph G = (V,A), the delivery man problem (DMP) consists of determining a Hamiltonian circuit minimizing the sum of distances (along the circuit) from a given vertex v1, to every vertex of V, including v1 itself. There exists a number of applications of the DMP in the fields of distribution and machine scheduling. The DMP is NP-hard. The objective of this paper is to develop new theoretical results and an exact algorithm for the problem. A new, integer linear programming formulation is provided, and results on the matroidal structure of a class of combinatorial problems are developed. These are used to derive lower bounds for the DMP. These bounds are embedded into an enumerative algorithm. The largest problems solved to optimally with the proposed algorithm involve 60 vertices. This compares favorably with previously published methods.
Prevalence of symptoms in patients with multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2016)

Optimal quality of life and good symptom management in this incurable disease can only be achieved by routinely assessing symptoms throughout the disease trajectory.
Law, politics, and charities in the post‐liberal era (2000)

Abstract In their preoccupation with legal technicalities, attorneys, nonprofit scholars, and trustees, by ignoring public expectations about the citizenship responsibilities of nonprofits, imperil the future of the sector.
Induction of Amyloid Fibrils by the C-Terminal Fragments of TDP-43 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2010)

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been identified as the major ubiquitinated aggregates in the inclusion bodies in the patients of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) since 2006 and become a crucial culprit for ALS and related motor neuron diseases. Recent literature has further indicated that the major components of these aggregates are hyper-phosphorylated TDP-43 C-terminus. In an effort to clarify the conformational and physical properties of its disordered C-terminal domain, we have synthesized several peptide fragments and shown that only D1 within D1-4 can form twisted fibrils with a cross section of approximately 11 nm in width under the incubation of phosphate buffer. In contrast, the D2-4 peptides all formed amorphous aggregates, showing different aggregation propensities. In addition to D1, two pathological mutant peptides, A315T and G294A, can also form fibrils that share similar shape and morphology with neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. We propose that the residues with this region (287-322), which contains myriads of glycine repeats, may contribute significantly to the fiber formation as well as aggregation propensity. Moreover, from the conformational characterizations of D1, A315T, and G294A with EM, CD, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy, we found that all three peptides formed an amyloid structure, providing insights into the nature of its aggregation vis a vis the other fragments in the C-terminus of TDP-43.
Dual-acting hybrid antibiotics: a promising strategy to combat bacterial resistance (2010)

The approach of dual-acting hybrid antibiotics holds significant current promise in overcoming existing resistance mechanisms, as three of such compounds are entering clinical trials. However, the key challenge in this area should be a broader experimental demonstration of whether the "synergistic effect" or the "antagonistic effect" of the developed hybrid drug is better at preventing/reducing the evolution of resistance. This fundamental challenge must be overcome before yielding a successful drug.
Proportional Fair Frequency-Domain Packet Scheduling for 3GPP LTE Uplink (2009)

With the power consumption issue of mobile handset taken into account, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) has been selected for 3GPP long-term evolution (LTE) uplink multiple access scheme. Like in OFDMA downlink, it enables multiple users to be served simultaneously in uplink as well. However, its single carrier property requires that all the subcarriers allocated to a single user must be contiguous in frequency within each time slot. This contiguous allocation constraint limits the scheduling flexibility, and frequency-domain packet scheduling algorithms in such system need to incorporate this constraint while trying to maximize their own scheduling objectives. In this paper we explore this fundamental problem of LTE SC-FDMA uplink scheduling by adopting the conventional time-domain proportional fair algorithm to maximize its objective (i.e. proportional fair criteria) in the frequency-domain setting. We show the NP-hardness of the frequency-domain scheduling problem under this contiguous allocation constraint and present a set of practical algorithms fine tuned to this problem. We demonstrate that competitive performance can be achieved in terms of system throughput as well as fairness perspective, which is evaluated using 3GPP LTE system model simulations.
Mobile Automated Robotic Drilling, Inspection, and Fastening (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The versatility of the accurate robot has been increased by coupling it with a mobile platform with vertical axis. The automation can be presented to fixed aircraft components such as wings, fuselage sections, flaps, or other aircraft assemblies requiring accurate drilling, inspection, and fastening.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The platform accommodates a tool changer, ride along coupon stand, fastener feed system, and other systems critical for quality automated aircraft assembly. The accurate robot's flexibility is increased by a floor resynchronization system. The indexing system is replaced by an automated two-camera onboard vision system and miniature targets embedded in the factory floor, with accuracy comparable to cup and cone alternatives. The accurate robot can be deployed by casters, curvilinear rail, or air bearings.</div></div>