gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the greying of textiles and the frictional electricity generated in organic solvent systems (1952)

Summary Frictional electricities in two‐component solvent systems have been measured with an electronic amplifier by use of metal cells in which relative motion was produced by a rotating shaft covered by a textile sleeve. The observed voltages and amperages depend upon the rate of agitation, the relative size of cell and rotor, and upon the less well controlled influence of atmospheric and mechanical conditions on the textile materials. The described equipment allows a reproducibility of±30% for the measurement of frictional electricity. Mixtures of solvent pairs were tested, and one or more maxima and/or minima of frictional electricity were observed in these two‐component systems with a reproducibility of ±2% by volume composition. Samples of textile materials were subjected to tests for greying by colloidal graphite‐stearic acid suspensions in two‐component solvent systems. The greying was found to increase and decrease with the observed frictional electricities. Data are reported for frictional electricity and greying observed in Stoddard‐trichloro ethylene and also in Stoddard‐tert. butanol mixtures.
Multi-task Network for Panoptic Segmentation in Automated Driving (2019)

In this paper, we tackle the newly introduced panoptic segmentation task. Panoptic segmentation unifies semantic and instance segmentation and leverages the capabilities of these complementary tasks by providing pixel and instance level classification. Current state-of-the-art approaches employ either separate networks for each task or a single network for both task and post processing heuristics fuse the outputs into the final panoptic segmentation. Instead, our approach solves all three tasks including panoptic segmentation with an end-to-end learnable fully convolutional neural network. We build upon the Mask R-CNN framework with a shared backbone and individual network heads for each task. Our semantic segmentation head uses multi-scale information from the Feature Pyramid Network, while the panoptic head learns to fuse the semantic segmentation logits with variable number of instance segmentation logits. Moreover, the panoptic head refines the outputs of the network, improving the semantic segmentation results. Experimental results on the challenging Cityscapes dataset demonstrate that the proposed solution achieves significant improvements for both panoptic segmentation and semantic segmentation.
<title>Production Of Antireflective Coatings By Ion Implantation</title> (1983)

In this paper a systematic investigation on the optical behaviour of 40-100 keV Ar implant ed alkali glasses will be discussed. The implantation of soda-lime glasses resulted in a surface layer formation which presents a decreased refractive index. The thickness and average refractive index of such layer have been evaluated from the position and height of the interferential minima, observed in the reflectance curves. The significative antireflective improvement of the implanted glass has been connected to a surface alkali depletion, due to a preferential sputtering and an enhanced diffusion over the implanted ion range.
Transmission Line Design Handbook (1991)

Generalized Transmission Lines. Physical Transmission Lines. Coupled Lines. Transmission Line Components and Discontinuities. Inductors. Capacitors. Resistors. Printed Circuit Fabrication. Cable Dielectrics. Wire Gauges. Special Functions. Glossary. Appendices.
Chitin oligosaccharides as candidate patterning agents in zebrafish embryogenesis (2000)

In this work we investigate the possible function of N-acetyl-chitooligosaccharides (NACOs) produced during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development. First, we show that NACOs are synthesized in vivo during early embryogenesis in the zebrafish. Second, we demonstrate that injection of a pure bacterial chitinase into one-cell stage embryos elicits developmental defects in which the posterior trunk and tail of developing embryo are severely affected. In addition, an endogenous chitinase activity detected both intra- and extracellularly is described, suggesting that cells may secrete it into the extracellular space. Moreover, this compartmentalization appears to be functionally relevant as inhibition of the extracellular, but not the intracellular, endogenous chitinase activity causes morphological defects similar to those seen in embryos injected with chitinase 63. Finally, analysis of the expression of the zebrafish ZDG42 gene, which has been suggested to be involved in synthesis of NACOs, is described. Transcripts are detected from late blastula stage, during gastrulation, and move as an anterior-posterior wave of expression in adaxial mesoderm during somitogenesis.
Smartsockets (2007)

Tightly coupled parallel applications are increasingly run in Grid environments. Unfortunately, on many Grid sites the ability of machines to create or accept network connections is severely limited by ?rewalls, network address translation (NAT)or non-routed networks. Multi homing further complicates connection setup and machine identi?cation. Although ad-hoc solutions exist for some of these problems, it is usually up to the application's user to discover the cause of the connectivity problems and ?nd a solution. In this paper we describe SmartSockets1 a communication library that lifts this burden by automatically discovering the connectivity problems and solving them with as little support from the user as possible.
Neuroanatomy of the equine dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle: Surgical implications (2007)

This information should assist in planning surgical reinnervation procedures and development of a neuroprosthesis for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.
Desensitization and phosphorylation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor by GLP-1 and 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. (1996)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulates glucose-induced insulin secretion by binding to a specific G protein-coupled receptor linked to activation of the adenylyl cyclase pathway. Here, using insulinoma cell lines, we studied homologous and heterologous desensitization of GLP-1-induced cAMP production. Preexposure of the cells to GLP-1 induced a decrease in GLP-1-mediated cAMP production, as assessed by a 3- to 5-fold rightward shift of the dose-response curve and an approximately 20 percent decrease in the maximal production of cAMP. Activation of protein kinase C by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) also induced desensitization of the GLP-1-mediated response, leading to a 6- to 9-fold shift in the EC50 and a 30% decrease in the maximal production of cAMP. Both forms of desensitization were additive, and the protein kinase C inhibitor RO-318220 inhibited PMA-induced desensitization, but not agonist-induced desensitization. GLP-1- and PMA-dependent desensitization correlated with receptor phosphorylation, and the levels of phosphorylation induced by the two agents were additive. Furthermore, PMA-induced, but not GLP-1-induced, phosphorylation was totally inhibited by RO-318220. Internalization of the GLP-1 receptor did not participate in the desensitization induced by PMA, as a mutant GLP-1 receptor lacking the last 20 amino acids of the cytoplasmic tail was found to be totally resistant to the internalization process, but was still desensitized after PMA preexposure. PMA and GLP-1 were not able to induce the phosphorylation of a receptor deletion mutant lacking the last 33 amino acids of the cytoplasmic tail, indicating that the phosphorylation sites were located within the deleted region. The cAMP production mediated by this deletion mutant was not desensitized by PMA and was only poorly desensitized by GLP-1. Together, our results indicate that the production of cAMP and, hence, the stimulation of insulin secretion induced by GLP-1 can be negatively modulated by homologous and heterologous desensitization, mechanisms that involve receptor phosphorylation.
Yersinia pestis and the Plague (2003)

Yersinia pestis is the cause of plague, an illness that may manifest in bubonic, pneumonic, or septicemic form. Plague has killed an estimated 200 million humans throughout history, and plague is endemic in many areas of the world. Approximately 2,000 cases of plague are reported each year to the World Health Organization, and concern has been raised about the possible use of Y pestis as an agent of bioterrorism. The genome of Y pestis has been sequenced, including the 3 virulence plasmids, pPst, pLcr, and pFra, and advances have been made in understanding the bacterial pathogenesis of Y pestis infection. Advances also have been made in rapid diagnosis, the understanding of immune responses during plague, and vaccine development.
Zinc oxide influences intestinal integrity, the expressions of genes associated with inflammation and TLR4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling pathways in weanling pigs (2013)

This study explored whether zinc oxide (ZnO) supplementation could alleviate weanling-induced intestinal injury through TLR and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Twelve early-weanling piglets were allotted to two dietary treatments (control vs 2200 mg Zn/kg from ZnO) for 1 wk. The results showed that supplemental ZnO improved daily gain and feed intake, decreased post weaning scour scores, increased villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio at the jejunal mucosa, and decreased diamine oxidase activity and endotoxin concentration in plasma. The intestinal mRNA levels of TLR4 and its downstream signals, including MyD88, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and TNF-α receptor-associated factor 6, were decreased, and the expressions of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were decreased simultaneously in the ZnO-supplemented piglets. Although NF-κB p65 mRNA abundance was not affected by ZnO supplementation, NF-κB p65 protein expression was down-regulated by ZnO. However, ZnO supplementation had no effect on intestinal expressions of NOD1 and NOD2, and their adaptor molecule receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2, as well as protein expressions of caspase-3 and heat shock protein 70. The results indicated that the protective effects of ZnO on intestinal integrity were closely related to decreasing the expressions of genes associated with inflammation through inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathways.
Multiple myeloma: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management (2010)

Abstract Disease overview: Multiple myeloma is malignant plasma‐cell disorder that accounts for ∼∼10% of all hematologic malignancies. Diagnosis: The diagnosis requires (1) 10% or more clonal plasma cells on bone marrow examination or a biopsy‐proven plasmacytoma plus (2) evidence of end‐organ damage felt to be related to the underlying plasma cell disorder. Risk stratification: Patients with 17p deletion, t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), and karyotypic deletion 13 or hypodiploidy are considered to have high‐risk myeloma. All others are considered to have standard‐risk disease. Risk‐adapted therapy: Standard‐risk patients are treated with nonalkylator‐based therapy such as lenalidomide plus low‐dose dexamethasone (Rd) followed by autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT). If patients are tolerating the induction regimen treatment well, an alternative strategy is to continue initial therapy after stem‐cell collection, reserving ASCT for first relapse. High‐risk patients are treated with a bortezomib‐based induction followed by ASCT and then bortezomib‐based maintenance. Patients not eligible for ASCT can be treated with Rd for standard risk disease or a bortezomib‐based regimen if high‐risk features are present. To reduce toxicity, when using bortezomib, the once‐weekly dose is preferred; similarly, when using dexamethasone, the low‐dose approach (40 mg once a week) is preferred, unless there is a need for rapid disease control. Management of refractory disease: Patients with indolent relapse can be treated first with lenalidomide, bortezomib, or alkylators plus low‐dose corticosteroids. Patients with more aggressive relapse often require therapy with a combination of multiple active agents. The most promising new agents in development are pomalidomide and carfilizomib. Am. J. Hematol. 86:57–65, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Partial Specific Volume of Water in Bentonite Suspensions (1958)

Abstract An equation was derived relating the partial specific volume of water in a clay suspension to the clay concentration and the suspension density. By means of this equation and the observed suspension densities at different clay concentrations, the partial specific volume of water was determined to be the same as that of pure water in Li‐, Na‐, and K‐clay suspensions at concentrations up to 0.14 g. of clay per cc. (13% clay). From the above results it was possible to calculate the densities of Li‐, Na‐, and K‐clay. The respective densities were 2.71, 2.80, and 2.75.
FLASHCHAIN theory for rapid coal devolatilization kinetics. 1. Formulation (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFLASHCHAIN theory for rapid coal devolatilization kinetics. 1. FormulationStephen Niksa and Alan R. KersteinCite this: Energy Fuels 1991, 5, 5, 647–665Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00029a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00029a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1191Altmetric-Citations229LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Monozygotic Twins: Chronic Progressive Beta Cell Dysfunction (1983)

In a prospective 21-year study, islet cell antibodies and beta cell function were serially assessed in 24 monozygotic twins initially discordant for type I diabetes mellitus. Eighteen of 21 twins typed had HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4 antigens. During the follow-up, 4 twins developed type I diabetes mellitus, and in 3 of these 4 twins islet cell antibodies preceded the diagnosis of clinical diabetes mellitus by greater than 8, 5 and 7 years respectively. During the "prediabetic phase," the presence of islet cell antibodies was temporally associated with a progressive decline in first phase insulin response to intravenous glucose. Elevations in fasting blood glucose and abnormalities on oral glucose tolerance tests appeared only later during the course of the disease. Of the remaining 20 twins who continue to be discordant for type I diabetes mellitus, two have had islet cell antibodies for greater than 1.5 and 1 year respectively. One of these islet cell antibody-positive non-diabetic twins was restudied; despite a fasting blood glucose level of 64 mg/dL, she had a total absence of first phase insulin response to intravenous glucose. There was no evidence of transient islet cell antibody positivity in any of the twins studied. Type I diabetes mellitus in monozygotic twins has a prolonged prediabetic phase of progressive beta cell dysfunction with associated immunologic abnormalities.
The use of a non‐ionic detergent (Triton WR 1339) to determine rates of triglyceride entry into the circulation of the rat under different physiological conditions (1967)

1. The concentration of triglyceride in the plasma rises linearly for 3 hr after the intravenous injection of the non-ionic detergent, Triton WR 1339, in the rat.2. Minimum rates of triglyceride entry into the plasma have been calculated from measurements of the plasma triglyceride concentration at 1.5 hr after Triton injection. These are 30 and 52 mumoles/hr.200 g body weight respectively for male and female animals on a stock laboratory diet and 25 and 33 mumoles/hr.200 g body weight respectively for male and female animals starved for 48 hr. The values may have to be increased by 10 or 20% to take account of a small leak of triglyceride from the plasma in animals injected with Triton and of an effect of ether anaesthesia on the rate of entry of triglyceride into the plasma.3. Substitution of the stock laboratory diet by diets that are lower in fat content does not alter significantly the rate of triglyceride accumulation in the plasma after Triton injection.4. There is no change in the triglyceride content of the livers of male and female rats at 24 hr after Triton injection. At 6 hr after Triton, the liver triglyceride content of female rats which have been fed their normal diet is increased.
The signal acquisition system based on 1-Wire technology and its application (2005)

The 1-Wire network technology is based on master device with single bus.The master device,which using the 1-Wire treatises to communicate,joins with many 1-Wire slave devices according to chrysanthemum-link though a twisted-pair.Every slave has its exclu-sive global numeric address.The slaves get the OPS of chip though bus when the bus is free from communication.All communication uses 1-Wire protocol,no matter what variable is measured: voltage,current,resistance etc.The 1-Wire network technology is an advanced technology with less wiring,in which the bus and terminal are easy to extend and maintain.So the 1-Wire network technology is widely used in various industries to measure,control,attestation,register and identify,which considered to be used widely day by day.
A mutation in the human canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter gene causes the Dubin-Johnson syndrome (1997)

The human Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is a rare autosomal recessive liver disorder characterized by chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Patients have impaired hepatobiliary transport of non-bile salt organic anions. A highly similar phenotype has been described for a mutant Wistar rat strain, the transport-deficient (TR-) rat, which is defective in the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cmoat). This protein mediates adenosine triphosphate-dependent transport of a broad range of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds across the (apical) canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte. The complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding rat cmoat has recently been cloned, and the mutation underlying the defect in TR- rats has been identified. In the present study, we have isolated the human homologue of rat cmoat, human cMOAT, and analyzed the corresponding cDNA from fibroblasts of a DJS patient for mutations. Our results show that a mutation in this gene is the cause of DJS.
Expansion of FOXP3+ CD8 T Cells with Suppressive Potential in Colorectal Mucosa Following a Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Correlates with Diminished Antiviral T Cell Response and Viral Control (2010)

FOXP3(+)CD8(+) T cells are present at low levels in humans; however, the function of these cells is not known. In this study, we demonstrate a rapid expansion of CD25(+)FOXP3(+)CD8(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the blood and multiple tissues following a pathogenic SIV infection in rhesus macaques. The expansion was pronounced in lymphoid and colorectal mucosal tissues, preferential sites of virus replication. These CD8 Tregs expressed molecules associated with immune suppressor function such as CTLA-4 and CD39 and suppressed proliferation of SIV-specific T cells in vitro. They also expressed low levels of granzyme B and perforin, suggesting that these cells do not possess killing potential. Expansion of CD8 Tregs correlated directly with acute phase viremia and inversely with the magnitude of antiviral T cell response. Expansion was also observed in HIV-infected humans but not in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys with high viremia, suggesting a direct role for hyperimmune activation and an indirect role for viremia in the induction of these cells. These results suggest an important but previously unappreciated role for CD8 Tregs in suppressing antiviral immunity during immunodeficiency virus infections. These results also suggest that CD8 Tregs expand in pathogenic immunodeficiency virus infections in the nonnatural hosts and that therapeutic strategies that prevent expansion of these cells may enhance control of HIV infection.
Synthesis and photochemistry of heterocyclic norbornenyl ketones (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and photochemistry of heterocyclic norbornenyl ketonesR. R. Sauers, A. A. Hagedorn III, S. D. Van Arnum, R. P. Gomez, and R. V. MoquinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 25, 5501–5505Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00234a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00234a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flow cytometry in bacteriology (1993)

Summary The adaptation and adoption of flow cytometry for prokaryotic cell analysis has been a relatively slow process. This review considers the principles behind a technique capable of analysing and sorting single cells with great speed and efficiency, and in their natural form. The hitherto limited application of the technique, both in bacteriological research and the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases, is also evaluated. Offering great potential, flow cytometry promises to provide a wide range of applications, possibly leading to the widespread application of this technology in routine clinical microbiological laboratories.
Normal Ligament Structure, Physiology and Function (2005)

Skeletal ligaments are well characterized as mechanical stabilizers of diarthrodial joints. New evidence now suggests that the normal regulation of ligament and joint function may occur through a neural and microvascular “axis,” where the physiology of normal ligaments is influenced by heterogeneous cellular, neural, and microvasculature elements. Within ligament tissue, complex networks of cellular processes linked by gap junctions allow the direct cell-to-cell transfer of signaling molecules, whereas sensory innervation and neurovascular reflexes contribute to motor control and affect ligament mechanical properties. The application of new imaging technologies may assist in determining the functional implications of an integrated neural and microvascular axis. Aging and gender related differences in ligament function are also discussed.