gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Profiling Antibody Responses to Infections by Chlamydia abortus Enables Identification of Potential Virulence Factors and Candidates for Serodiagnosis (2013)

Enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE) due to infection with the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia (C.) abortus is an important zoonosis leading to considerable economic loss to agriculture worldwide. The pathogen can be transmitted to humans and may lead to serious infection in pregnant women. Knowledge about epidemiology, clinical course and transmission to humans is hampered by the lack of reliable diagnostic tools. Immunoreactive proteins, which are expressed in infected animals and humans, may serve as novel candidates for diagnostic marker proteins and represent putative virulence factors. In order to broaden the spectrum of immunogenic C. abortus proteins we applied 2D immunoblot analysis and screening of an expression library using human and animal sera. We have identified 48 immunoreactive proteins representing potential diagnostic markers and also putative virulence factors, such as CAB080 (homologue of the "macrophage infectivity potentiator", MIP), CAB167 (homologue of the "translocated actin recruitment protein", TARP), CAB712 (homologue of the "chlamydial protease-like activity factor", CPAF), CAB776 (homologue of the "Polymorphic membrane protein D", PmpD), and the "hypothetical proteins" CAB063, CAB408 and CAB821, which are predicted to be type III secreted. We selected two putative virulence factors for further characterization, i.e. CAB080 (cMIP) and CAB063, and studied their expression profiles at transcript and protein levels. Analysis of the subcellular localization of both proteins throughout the developmental cycle revealed CAB063 being the first C. abortus protein shown to be translocated to the host cell nucleus.
Data for drugs available through low-cost prescription drug programs are available through pharmacy benefit manager and claims data (2012)

Researchers can be reassured that data for medications available through LCPPs continue to be available through administrative data sources.
Configuration and preferential solid-state conformations of perindoprilat (S-9780). Comparison with the crystal structures of other ACE inhibitors and conclusions related to structure-activity relationships (1991)

The conformation of perindoprilat, an antihypertensive drug, is studied in the solid state by X-ray analysis. The resolution of its structure reveals important analogies between its observed conformation and that of several ACE inhibitors of the same family. This comparison points out a constant relative orientation of the functional groups, regardless of the molecular environment. This angular constancy appears to us as not being accidental and is a good argument for the spatial design of the ACE binding site. Although ACE is a carboxydipeptidase, the binding site may not contain two but one unique hydrophobic pocket receiving the C-terminal end of the inhibitors.
Paper drawings to 3-D CAD: a proposed agenda (2002)

The authors try to explain why conversion of engineering drawings into CAD format has been stuck for so long in low-level operations such as vectorization, basic layer separation, and very limited symbol recognition, and what can be done to improve this situation. Based on their own expertise in syntactic and semantic analysis of technical drawings, they propose a scheme for achieving high-level conversion of engineering drawings into 3-D CAD models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generation of millimeter-wave radiation by means of a Smith-Purcell free-electron laser (1981)

Millimeter-wave radiation in the band from 53 to 73 GHz has been generated by means of a Smith-Purcell free-electron laser. Power levels of approximately 100 mW were observed with beam currents of 90 to 100 mA; the threshold currents ranged from 35 to 82 mA. The electronic tuning transconductance and the linewidth were also measured, yielding $\frac{\mathrm{df}}{\mathrm{dV}}=0.25$ MHz/V and $\ensuremath{\Delta}f<~0.4$ MHz, respectively. The measured results agree well with predictions based on a linear theory.
Superconductivity in Tl<sub>1.5</sub>SrCaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>x</sub> (1988)

We have discovered superconductivity in the Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. Depending on the method of sample preparation, a number of superconducting phases with different T c 's appeared. Resistivity data suggest that a T c of about 100 K is to be attained in Tl 1.5 Sr 1 Ca 1 Cu 2 O x .
A first look at cellular machine-to-machine traffic (2012)

Cellular network based Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication is fast becoming a market-changing force for a wide spectrum of businesses and applications such as telematics, smart metering, point-of-sale terminals, and home security and automation systems. In this paper, we aim to answer the following important question: Does traffic generated by M2M devices impose new requirements and challenges for cellular network design and management? To answer this question, we take a first look at the characteristics of M2M traffic and compare it with traditional smartphone traffic. We have conducted our measurement analysis using a week-long traffic trace collected from a tier-1 cellular network in the United States. We characterize M2M traffic from a wide range of perspectives, including temporal dynamics, device mobility, application usage, and network performance.
The Role of Free Radicals in Beer Oxidation (1989)

The relationship between free radicals and the staling of beer was studied. Hydrogen peroxide was generated when beer was incubated at 60° C. When examined by electron spin resonance spectroscopic analysis, the hyperfine splitting constants of phenyl-tert-butylnitrone adducts of beer incubated at 60° C with H2O2 were close to those of beer without H2O2. The production of aldehydes and the degradation of isohumulones during the incubation of beer were accelerated by the addition of H2O2 or by irradiation with γ-rays. They were inhibited by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. It is suggested, therefore, that H2O2 generated during the incubation of beer could interact with the metals present to play an important role in radical reactions in beer.
Neurotensin and a non-peptide neurotensin receptor antagonist control human colon cancer cell growth in cell culture and in cells xenografted into nude mice (1999)

The intestine is a large endocrine organ, but the dependence of colon cancer on hormones remains unknown. We show here that neurotensin, a paracrine/endocrine peptide in the gut, and the neurotensin receptor antagonist SR 48692 control colon cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by interacting with receptors that are ectopically expressed in colon cancers. In cell culture, neurotensin stimulates the growth of human colon cancer cell lines (SW480, SW620, HT29, HCT116 and Cl.19A) expressing the neurotensin receptor NTR1 but does not change the growth of Caco2 cells, which do not express NTR1. In SW480 cells, neurotensin is active in the 10(-10) to 10(-6) M concentration range (ED50 = 0.47 nM) while the neurotensin fragment (I-II) is inactive. Neurotensin also enhances the cellular cloning efficiency of SW480 cells in soft agar by inducing a 50% increase of colony formation. This effect is blocked by SR 48692, which alone does not alter colony formation. Subcutaneous delivery of neurotensin (0.54 micromol/kg every 24 hr) by osmotic pumps to nude mice that have been xenografted with SW480 cells results in a significant increase of tumor volume, i.e., up to 255% of control at day 20 of treatment. SR 48692 administered alone (1.7 micromol/kg every 24 hr) by daily i.p. injections reduces the development of tumors formed by xenografting SW480 cells in nude mice. A significant mean reduction of tumor volume of 38% is observed during the 22-day period of treatment. SR 48692 alone is also active at reducing tumor volume after xenografting HCT116 cells in nude mice. Our results support the notion that colon cancer growth may be dependent on blood-borne neurotensin and suggest that non-peptide neurotensin antagonists, such as SR 48692, may be useful for the development of novel therapeutic strategies of colon cancer.
Overview of inhibitors to factor VIII and IX. (1984)

The studies related to inhibitors of factor VIII and IX have clearly shown that these inhibitors are antibodies whether they arise in hemophiliacs lacking one of the factors or in patients with diseases associated with altered immune functions. Some of the most interesting data relates to the etiology of these inhibitors. If inhibitors are more likely to arise in CRM- hemophilia patients and if inhibitor development is familial, is it possible to define beforehand which patients are likely to develop inhibitors? If a subpopulation of patients at risk for inhibitor development could be identified, how would one prevent the event from occurring? Should these patients receive immunosuppressive agents prior to infusion of the missing factor? What is the relationship between the actual gene defect and inhibitor development? Is the prevalence of inhibitors in hemophilia B less common and if so are severely affected hemophilia A patients more likely to exhibit gross gene defects? Are there relationships between gene defect and immune response genes? Other major questions involve therapy. Can one induce specific immune tolerance at acceptable cost using low doses of factor concentrates or would it be better to develop other ways of eradicating inhibitors after they appear? What will be the future use of concentrates designed to by-pass the inhibitor, and is bypassing activity due to factors that are complexed to lipids or other substances that protect them from inhibitors? This overview has raised more questions than answers, but perhaps that is the purpose of an overview.
Phosphinogold(I) Dithiocarbamate Complexes: Effect of the Nature of Phosphine Ligand on Anticancer Properties (2014)

The reactions of potassium salts of the dithiocarbamates L {where L = pyrazolyldithiocarbamate (L1), 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyldithiocarbamate (L2), or indazolyldithiocarbamate (L3)} with the gold precursors [AuCl(PPh3)], [Au2Cl2(dppe)], [Au2Cl2(dppp)], or [Au2Cl2(dpph)] lead to the new gold(I) complexes [AuL(PPh3)] (1-3), [Au2L2(dppe)] (4-6), [(Au2L2)(dppp)] (7-9), and [Au2(L)2(dpph)] (10-12) {where dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, and dpph = 1,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)hexane}. These gold compounds were characterized by a combination of NMR and infrared spectroscopy, microanalysis, and mass spectrometry; and in selected cases by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Compounds 4-6, which have dppe ligands, are unstable in solution for prolonged periods, with 4 readily transforming to the Au18 cluster [Au18S8(dppe)6]Cl2 (4a) in dichloromethane. Compounds 1-3 and 7-12 are all active against human cervical epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa) cells, but the most active compounds are 10 and 11, with IC50 values of 0.51 μM and 0.14 μM, respectively. Compounds 10 and 11 are more selective toward HeLa cells than they are toward normal cells, with selectivities of 25.0 and 70.5, respectively. Further tests, utilizing the 60-cell-line Developmental Therapeutics Program at the National Cancer Institute (U.S.A.), showed 10 and 11 to be active against nine other types of cancers.
Autoxidation of polyunsaturated esters in water: chemical structure and biological activity of the products (1967)

When polyunsaturated esters or fatty acids are dispersed for long periods in water in the presence of air, water-soluble substances are formed in great variety. Because these short-chain products are constantly eluted by the aqueous phase and are consequently not available for further reaction in the oil phase, many intermediates of classical autoxidation can be isolated and identified. The identification of several of these compounds is described. Some of the peroxidic and nonperoxidic autoxidation products show biochemical activity-in particular, inhibition of glycolysis and of respiration during incubation with tumor cells in vitro. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of pure, isolated products have been determined for Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Synthetic short-chain (C(4)-C(10)) hydroxylated alpha,-unsaturated aldehydes have been shown to have this action and also to cause morphological changes in these cells which quickly lead to their death. Normal cells are not affected. Possible therapeutic use of these compounds in the treatment of malignant neoplasms is discussed.
The Quality of Cost-Utility Analyses in Orthopedic Trauma (2015)

As health care in the United States transitions toward a value-based model, there is increasing interest in applying cost-effectiveness analysis within orthopedic surgery. Orthopedic trauma care has traditionally underemphasized economic analysis. The goals of this review were to identify US-based cost-utility analysis in orthopedic trauma, to assess the quality of the available evidence, and to identify cost-effective strategies within orthopedic trauma. Based on a review of 971 abstracts, 8 US-based cost-utility analyses evaluating operative strategies in orthopedic trauma were identified. Study findings were recorded, and the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument was used to grade the overall quality. Of the 8 studies included in this review, 4 studies evaluated hip and femur fractures, 3 studies analyzed upper extremity fractures, and 1 study assessed open tibial fracture management. Cost-effective interventions identified in this review include total hip arthroplasty (over hemiarthroplasty) for femoral neck fractures in the active elderly, open reduction and internal fixation (over nonoperative management) for distal radius and scaphoid fractures, limb salvage (over amputation) for complex open tibial fractures, and systems-based interventions to prevent delay in hip fracture surgery. The mean QHES score of the studies was 79.25 (range, 67-89). Overall, there is a paucity of cost-utility analyses in orthopedic trauma; however, the available evidence suggests that certain operative interventions can be cost-effective. The quality of these studies, however, is fair, based on QHES grading. More attention should be paid to evaluating the cost-effectiveness of operative intervention in orthopedic trauma.
SEPARATION OF METALS BY CONTINUOUS ANNULAR CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH STEP ELUTION (1989)

Abstract A continuous annular chromatograph (CAC) was used to separate dilute aqueous mixtures of iron and chromium salts using Dowex 50W-X8 as the sorbent. While an isocratic separation of the two species could be easily obtained, this mode of operation resulted in excessive dilution of the products. Introduction of a step in eluent concentration, however, permitted a much more efficient separation of the two metals. Separation of Fe3+ and Cr3+remained nearly complete but elution of the more strongly retained species (Cr3+) occurred over a much narrower angle and dilution of the product streams was significantly reduced or even eliminated in some cases. A theoretical model was developed to describe the operation of the continuous annular chromatograph with step elution. With the inclusion of significant dispersive factors (axial dispersion and film mass transfer resistance), the solution of the model equations provided an excellent prediction of the experimental CAC data. Similar improvements to the CAC performance can also be obtained for other separations by manipulating the appropriate variables in a similar manner.
The Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Pathway Is Essential for Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell-Induced Adaptive T Regulatory Cell Generation. (2007)

Abstract Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are a unique DC subset that plays a critical role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, we have shown that human PDCs activated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) can drive naive, allogeneic CD4+CD25− T cells to differentiate into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, the intracellular mechanism(s) underlying PDC-induced Treg generation is unknown. Here we show human PDCs express high levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an intracellular enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan degradation. Triggering of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides activates PDCs to upregulate surface expression of B7 ligands and HLA-DR antigen, significantly increases the expression of IDO, and results in the generation of inducible Tregs from CD4+25− T cells with potent suppressor cell function. Blocking IDO activity with a pharmacologic inhibitor 1-methyl-D-tryptophan (1MT) significantly abrogates PDC-driven inducible Treg generation and suppressor cell function. Adding kynurenine (KYN), the immediate downstream metabolite of tryptophan, bypasses the 1MT effect, and restores PDC-driven Treg generation. Our results demonstrate that IDO pathway is essential for PDC-driven Treg generation from CD4+25− T cells, and implicates the generation of KYN-pathway metabolites as the critical mediator of this process.
Ammonium–crown ether based host–guest systems: N–H⋯O hydrogen bond directed guest inclusion featuring N–H donor functionalities in angular geometry (2012)

This article demonstrates crown ether based host–guest adduct formation in a series of crystalline solids 1–7, in which ammonium-type cationic guests have been integrated with various crown ethers. Addition of more than two equivalents of perchloric acid to an acetonitrile solution of 3-aminopyridine (3AmPy), 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DADPM) or 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether (DADPE) generates the doubly protonated anilinium (or ammonium) cationic species (written as 3AmPyH2, DADPMH2 and DADPEH2 respectively) which act as guests to the various crown ether hosts present in solution. The relevant compounds crystallize as their perchlorate salts and they have been structurally characterized through X-ray diffraction. The major driving force towards host–guest complexation in the compounds 1–7 is found to be the N–H⋯O hydrogen-bond interactions between the aforementioned guests and the crown ether hosts.
An energy conversion method by using density difference of water (1997)

This paper proposes a new method which produces electric energy by utilizing the density difference of water by means of a “chimney effect.” The density difference of water occurs in two ways, i.e., differences of water temperature and consistency of suitable materials such as salt. For instance, water heated by solar energy is pointed out as an example of the former, while fresh water of a river versus seawater and seawater versus concentrated salt water may account for the latter. This paper also considers the three foregoing cases in a practical way. The analysis estimates that the proposed method generates energy of several hundreds or more, and ten thousands and millions of kilowatts in the respective cases. The amount of energy extracted in the third case is compared with that of the usual electric power stations using nuclear energy. The method is considered as a kind of so-called renewable energy conversion system which is free of CO2, high-energy density and is controllable. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (2): 10–18, 1997
Efficacy and Safety of an Octreotide Implant in the Treatment of Patients With Acromegaly (2013)

In this pivotal phase 3 study, the octreotide implant maintained reduced blood levels of GH and IGF-I with continuous octreotide release over 6 months, which was well tolerated.
Targeted therapy against human immunodeficiency virus (1990)

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its related disorders are caused by a retrovirus termed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV has nine known genes, and each gene provides a target of opportunity for a therapeutic intervention. Knowledge of the life cycle of this virus has already yielded clinically useful therapies and will likely make a major impact against AIDS in the near future, provided that the principles of controlled trials are followed.
A quantum bit commitment scheme provably unbreakable by both parties (2002)

We describe a complete protocol for bit commitment based on the transmission of polarized photons. We show that under the laws of quantum physics, this protocol cannot be cheated by either party except with exponentially small probability (exponential in the running time needed to implement the honest protocol). A more thorough analysis is required to adjust all the constants used in this paper to get the best performance from our construction. Better performances may probably be achieved by using a third conjugate transmission-reception basis of circular polarization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effective Lifetime of ACSR Full Tension Splice Connector Operated at Higher Temperature (2009)

This paper is to address the issues related to integrity of ACSR full tension splice connectors operated at high temperatures. A protocol of integrating analytical and experimental approaches to evaluate the integrity of a full tension single-stage splice connector (SSC) assembly during service at high operating temperature was developed. Based on the developed protocol the effective lifetime evaluation was demonstrated with ACSR Drake conductor SSC systems. The investigation indicates that thermal cycling temperature and frequency, conductor cable tension loading, and the compressive residual stress field within a SSC system have significant impact on the SSC integrity and the associated effective lifetime.
<b>Formulation concerns of protein drugs</b> (1992)

(1992). Formulation concerns of protein drugs. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 18, No. 11-12, pp. 1311-1354.
Thiol drugs decrease SARS-CoV-2 lung injury <i>in vivo</i> and disrupt SARS-CoV-2 spike complex binding to ACE2 <i>in vitro</i> (2020)

Neutrophil-induced oxidative stress is a mechanism of lung injury in COVID-19, and drugs with a functional thiol group ("thiol drugs"), especially cysteamine, have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that could limit this injury. Thiol drugs may also alter the redox status of the cysteine-rich SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (SARS-2-S) and thereby disrupt ACE2 binding. Using ACE2 binding assay, reporter virus pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 spikes (ancestral and variants) and authentic SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-1), we find that multiple thiol drugs inhibit SARS-2-S binding to ACE2 and virus entry into cells. Pseudoviruses carrying variant spikes were less efficiently inhibited as compared to pseudotypes bearing an ancestral spike, but the most potent drugs still inhibited the Delta variant in the low millimolar range. IC50 values followed the order of their cystine cleavage rates and lower thiol pKa values. In hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2, intraperitoneal (IP) cysteamine decreased neutrophilic inflammation and alveolar hemorrhage in the lungs but did not decrease viral infection, most likely because IP delivery could not achieve millimolar concentrations in the airways. These data show that thiol drugs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection <i>in vitro</i> and reduce SARS-CoV-2-related lung injury <i>in vivo</i> and provide strong rationale for trials of systemically delivered thiol drugs as COVID-19 treatments. We propose that antiviral effects of thiol drugs <i>in vivo</i> will require delivery directly to the airways to ensure millimolar drug concentrations and that thiol drugs with lower thiol pKa values are most likely to be effective.