gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochromism in some thin-film transition-metal oxides characterized by x-ray electron spectroscopy (1978)

Qualitative results of an x-ray photoelectron and optical investigation of three thin-film transition-metal oxides, namely, WO3, MoO3, and V2O5 are reported. Data were obtained on films that were not colored and colored by an electrochromic process. The particular electrochromic coloration process used is electrolytic in nature and employs a sandwich-structure electrochromic cell and electrolyte pool. The optical spectra show increased absorption in the visible (red) and near-infrared spectral regions upon coloration. The photoelectron spectra for colored films exhibit a small band near the Fermi level and asymmetric band shapes for metal core-level bands which are absent in films that are not colored. The new band and the asymmetric band shapes are attributed to the presence of a reduced-state species caused by the presence of trapped electrons and metal bronze formation. Results from coloration with different electrolyte pools, i.e., H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, and Mg2+ electrolytes, are reported.
hnRNP A1 functions with specificity in repression of SMN2 exon 7 splicing (2007)

Homozygous deletion or mutation of the survival of motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) causes spinal muscular atrophy. SMN1 has been duplicated in humans to create SMN2, which produces a low level of functional SMN protein. However, most SMN2 transcripts lack exon 7, resulting in a non-functional protein. A single nucleotide difference near the 5' end of exon 7 largely accounts for SMN2 exon 7 skipping, an effect that has been attributed to loss of an exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) dependent on the SR protein splicing factor ASF/SF2 or to the creation of an exonic splicing silencer (ESS) element that functions by binding of the splicing repressor hnRNP A1. Our earlier experiments favored the latter mechanism and here we provide further evidence supporting the ESS model. We demonstrate that the striking effect of hnRNP A1 depletion on SMN2 exon 7 splicing is specific, as hnRNP A1 depletion has little or no effect on other inefficient splicing events tested, and ASF/SF2 depletion does not affect SMN1/2 splicing. By two different methods, we find a strong and specific interaction of hnRNPA1 with SMN2 exon 7 and only weak and equivalent interactions between ASF/SF2 and other SR proteins with the 5' ends of SMN1 and SMN2 exon 7. Finally, we describe two disease-related exon-skipping mutations that create hnRNP A1 binding sites, but show that splicing can be restored only modestly or not at all by hnRNP A1 depletion. Together our results provide strong support for the idea that SMN2 exon 7 splicing is repressed by an hnRNPA1-dependent ESS, but also indicate that creation of such elements is context-dependent.
Management of sickle cell disease (2008)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent environmental toxicants associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome. Intermediary metabolism is influenced by the intestinal microbiome. To test the hypothesis that PBDEs reduce host-beneficial intermediary metabolites in an intestinal microbiome–dependent manner, 9-week old male conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice were orally gavaged once daily with vehicle, BDE-47, or BDE-99 (100 <i>μ</i>mol/kg) for 4 days. Intestinal microbiome (16S rDNA sequencing), liver transcriptome (RNA-Seq), and intermediary metabolites in serum, liver, as well as small and large intestinal contents (SIC and LIC; LC-MS) were examined. Changes in intermediary metabolite abundances in serum, liver, and SIC, were observed under basal conditions (CV vs. GF mice) and by PBDE exposure. PBDEs altered the largest number of metabolites in the LIC; most were regulated by PBDEs in GF conditions. Importantly, intestinal microbiome was necessary for PBDE-mediated decreases in branched-chain and aromatic amino acid metabolites, including 3-indolepropionic acid, a tryptophan metabolite recently shown to be protective against inflammation and diabetes. Gene-metabolite networks revealed a positive association between the hepatic glycan synthesis gene <i>α</i>-1,6-mannosyltransferase (Alg12) mRNA and mannose, which are important for protein glycosylation. Glycome changes have been observed in patients with metabolic syndrome. In LIC of CV mice, 23 bacterial taxa were regulated by PBDEs. Correlations of certain taxa with distinct serum metabolites further highlight a modulatory role of the microbiome in mediating PBDE effects. In summary, PBDEs impact intermediary metabolism in an intestinal microbiome–dependent manner, suggesting that dysbiosis may contribute to PBDE-mediated toxicities that include metabolic syndrome.
CMOS-compatible spintronic devices (2015)

Silicon is perfectly suited for spin-driven applications. Recent progress and challenges regarding CMOS-compatible spin-based devices are reviewed. A realization of an intrinsic non-volatile logic-in-memory architecture in an MRAM array is demonstrated.
Diseases affecting livestock production mediate landscape scale of a changing pasture regime in Lake Mburo Conservation Area, Uganda (2014)

This study investigated whether spatial disparities in pastoral herd sizes across rangelands from Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP) boundary was responsible for a changing pasture regime. A midst growing concern that cattle diseases associated with wild ungulates outside the protected areas impose limitations on pastoralist household income, the affected communities respond by overstocking as an adaption to disease risks. Therefore, increasing cattle stock holding among pastoralists living at the park boundary was suspected to be facilitating the disappearance of forests in Lake Mburo Conservation Area (LMCA). We applied ecosystem approach in a cross-sectional survey design to assess whether impact of diseases transmitted at the nexus of wildlife and livestock play intermediary role in the emerging spatial pattern of pasture regimes in LMCA.Â Paired sample t-test was used to examine the mean differences of animal populations between managed and unmanaged pasture and interpreted with Geo-eye satellite data of a typical landscape of savanna ecosystem of LMCA. The results revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the distribution of wild species of animals between managed and unmanaged pasture. Spatial variation in population abundance of wild animals between distance zones was also reflected in the distribution of average household stockholding as well as cattle mortalities along a distance gradient from LMNP boundary. These findings could guide evidence based monitoring of long term effects of changing pasture regimes on pastoralist livelihood systems around LMCA. For example, future research should consider complementarities and overlap of the diets of wild ungulates and cattle at the nexus of wildlife and livestock interface. This will provide an understanding of how wildlife presence in rangelands can lead to either favorable or adverse changes in the fauna as far as the domestic livestock species of cattle and small ruminants are concerned.
Vitamin D: The "sunshine" vitamin. (2012)

Vitamin D insufficiency affects almost 50% of the population worldwide. An estimated 1 billion people worldwide, across all ethnicities and age groups, have a vitamin D deficiency (VDD). This pandemic of hypovitaminosis D can mainly be attributed to lifestyle (for example, reduced outdoor activities) and environmental (for example, air pollution) factors that reduce exposure to sunlight, which is required for ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced vitamin D production in the skin. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is a particularly important public health issue because hypovitaminosis D is an independent risk factor for total mortality in the general population. Current studies suggest that we may need more vitamin D than presently recommended to prevent chronic disease. As the number of people with VDD continues to increase, the importance of this hormone in overall health and the prevention of chronic diseases are at the forefront of research. VDD is very common in all age groups. As few foods contain vitamin D, guidelines recommended supplementation at suggested daily intake and tolerable upper limit levels. It is also suggested to measure the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level as the initial diagnostic test in patients at risk for deficiency. Treatment with either vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 is recommended for deficient patients. A meta-analysis published in 2007 showed that vitamin D supplementation was associated with significantly reduced mortality. In this review, we will summarize the mechanisms that are presumed to underlie the relationship between vitamin D and understand its biology and clinical implications.
Ethylene-Propylene Rubber Vulcanization with Aralkyl Peroxide and Coagents (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEthylene-Propylene Rubber Vulcanization with Aralkyl Peroxide and CoagentsA. E. Robinson, J. V. Marra, and L. O. AmbergCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1962, 1, 2, 78–82Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360002a003https://doi.org/10.1021/i360002a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Advisor—an electronic mail consulting service (1988)

Article Advisor—an electronic mail consulting service Share on Author: Chris Alan Thyberg Academic Computing, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA Academic Computing, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGUCCS '88: Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM SIGUCCS Conference on User ServicesOctober 1988 Pages 247–255https://doi.org/10.1145/62548.62642Published:01 October 1988 0citation176DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads176Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Development of a Preclinical Therapeutic Model of Human Brain Metastasis with Chemoradiotherapy (2013)

Currently, survival of breast cancer patients with brain metastasis ranges from 2 to 16 months. In experimental brain metastasis studies, only 10% of lesions with the highest permeability exhibited cytotoxic responses to paclitaxel or doxorubicin. Therefore, radiation is the most frequently used treatment, and sensitizing agents, which synergize with radiation, can improve the efficacy of the therapy. In this study we used 435-Br1 cells containing the fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene and the photinus luciferase (PLuc) gene to develop a new brain metastatic cell model in mice through five in vivo/in vitro rounds. BR-eGFP-CMV/Luc-V5 brain metastatic cells induce parenchymal brain metastasis within 60.8 ± 13.8 days of intracarotid injection in all mice. We used this model to standardize a preclinical chemoradiotherapy protocol comprising three 5.5 Gy fractions delivered on consecutive days (overall dose of 16.5 Gy) which improved survival with regard to controls (60.29 ± 8.65 vs. 47.20 ± 11.14). Moreover, the combination of radiotherapy with temozolomide, 60 mg/Kg/day orally for five consecutive days doubled survival time of the mice 121.56 ± 52.53 days (Kaplan-Meier Curve, p < 0.001). This new preclinical chemoradiotherapy protocol proved useful for the study of radiation response/resistance in brain metastasis, either alone or in combination with new sensitizing agents.
Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam (2001)

Major considerations in the acceptance and impact of new antiepileptic drugs include their pharmacokinetics and their potential for interaction with other drugs. The pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam, a newly approved add-on antiepileptic agent for partial-onset seizures in adults, has been evaluated in 27 phase I and II studies. Consistent findings in these studies include rapid and complete oral absorption, linear dose kinetics, a minimal degree of protein binding, and predominantly renal excretion. Because of the lack of hepatic metabolism and low protein binding, the risk of interaction with other drugs is considered low.
Mitotane Enhances Cytotoxicity of Chemotherapy in Cell Lines Expressing a Multidrug Resistance Gene (<i>mdr</i>-1/P-Glycoprotein) which is also Expressed by Adrenocortical Carcinomas (1991)

P-Glycoprotein (Pgp), product of the mdr-1 gene, is a 130- to 180-kDa plasma membrane phosphoglycoprotein which mediates multidrug resistance in cell culture by increasing efflux of the natural product chemotherapeutic agents. High levels of expression of mdr-1/Pgp are found in both the normal adrenal and adrenocortical cancers. By RNA in situ hybridization the expression in adrenocortical cancer is shown to be widely distributed. The present study demonstrates that decreased drug accumulation mediated by mdr-1/Pgp can be overcome by clinically achievable concentrations of mitotane (o,p'-DDD). The increase in drug accumulation with the addition of mitotane is due at least in part to a decrease in drug efflux and results in an increase in cytotoxicity when agents of the natural product class are used. This effect is observed in cells with a broad range of mdr-1/Pgp expression, including levels comparable to those found in most adrenocortical cancers. Similar increases in drug accumulation can be demonstrated in an unselected adrenocortical cancer cell line that expresses mdr-1/Pgp. The finding that multidrug resistance mediated by mdr-1/Pgp can be reversed by mitotane provides a rational basis for exploring the use of mitotane in combination with natural product chemotherapeutic agents in adrenocortical cancer.
Load Path Calculations and Applications Using Finite Element Analysis (1996)

Clear definitions of the term load path or stress trajectory do not appear in the standard texts on structural analysis. Design engineers use the expression to describe, in general terms, the way the loads path through a structure from the point of application to the points where they are reacted. The author gave a simple definition in Kelly et al and proposed procedures to determine load paths from two-dimensional finite element solutions. The insight given when determining the load transfer in a bolted joint was demonstrated. In this paper two further applications will be explored. First finite element solutions will be shown to be highly accurate if meshes are designed to follow the one-dimensional load paths across a structure. Secondly, some insight appears to be available as to the optimal placement of fibres in a fibre reinforced structure. This second application is of interest in composite laminates reinforced by carbon fibre which could, with some manufacturing innovation, be placed along the trajectories followed by the loads.
Using wireless networks to enhance narrowcasting in public spaces (2004)

Digital signage networks are a newly emerging form of public space electronic media technology that offer significant advantages over traditional signage and enables a narrowcasting model. Due in part to the decreasing price of gas plasma, and other display technologies, digital signage networks are now rapidly growing in popularity and prevalence. Augmenting digital signage with wireless LAN technology enhances the narrowcasting model by enabling consumers to interact with the narrowcaster to obtain additional information from particular narrowcasters, e.g., advertisers, of interest. When explicitly permitted by the consumer, this enables the narrowcaster to obtain more information about the consumer. We describe the cost reduction and increased effectiveness of advertising that is displayed and managed using digital signage networks as opposed to traditional signage. We present an enhanced narrowcasting model created by augmenting the network with wireless LAN technology. We describe several scenarios where a system based on the model enables novel interaction between the narrowcaster and consumer. These features provide new support for mobile commerce. We then propose an architecture that implements the enhanced narrowcasting model that we have implemented in our system prototype.
Colocalization of Progesterone Receptors A and B by Dual Immunofluorescent Histochemistry in Human Endometrium during the Menstrual Cycle1 (1999)

The human progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed as two isoforms, PRA and PRB, that function as ligand-activated transcription factors. In vitro studies suggest that the isoforms differ functionally and that the relative levels in a target cell may determine the nature and magnitude of response to progesterone. However, it is not known whether the two isoforms are normally coexpressed in vivo. To understand the functional significance of relative PR isoform expression in normal physiology, it is essential to determine whether PRA and PRB are coexpressed in the same cell. This study reports the development of a dual immunofluorescent staining technique to demonstrate PRA and PRB proteins by single cell analysis in the same tissue section of human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. PRA and PRB are coexpressed in target cells of the human uterus. In the glands, PRA and PRB were expressed before subnuclear vacuole formation and glycogenolysis, implicating both isoforms in this process, whereas persistence of PRB during the midsecretory phase suggested its significance in glandular secretion. In the stroma, the predominance of PRA throughout the cycle implicates this isoform in post-ovulatory progesterone-mediated events. These results support the view that PRA and PRB mediate distinct pathways of progesterone action in the glandular epithelium and stroma of the human uterus throughout the menstrual cycle.
Solid Circulation Rate And Gas Leakage Measurements In An Interconnected Bubbling Fluidized Beds (2007)

Two-interconnected fluidized bed systems are widely used in various processes such as Fisher-Tropsch, hot gas desulfurization, CO2 capture-regeneration with dry sorbent, chemical-looping combustion, sorption enhanced steam methane reforming, chemical-looping hydrogen generation system, and so on. However, most of two-interconnected fluidized beds systems require riser and/or pneumatic transport line for solid conveying and loopseals or seal-pots for gas sealing, recirculation of solids to the riser, and maintaining of pressure balance. The riser (transport bed) is operated at the high velocity fluidization condition and residence times of gas and solid in the riser are very short. If the reaction rate of catalyst or sorbent is slow, the riser can not ensure sufficient contact time between gas and solid and we have to use two bubbling beds for each reaction to ensure sufficient contact time. In this case, additional riser must be installed for solid circulation. Consequently, conventional two-interconnected fluidized bed systems are very complex, large, and difficult to operate. To solve these problems, a novel two-interconnected fluidized bed system has been developed. This system has two bubbling beds, solid injection nozzles, solid conveying lines, and downcomers. In this study, effects of operating variables on solid circulation rate, gas leakage between two beds have been investigated in a cold mode two-interconnected fluidized bed system. Moreover, long-term operation of continuous solid circulation up to 60 hours has been performed to check feasibility of stable operation.
The Importance of Chronic Laryngitis (1960)

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[Chemotherapy of colonic carcinoma in the year 2001]. (2001)

The systemic anticancer drug therapy is indicated in the adjuvant as well as in the palliative setting. There is an indication for an adjuvant therapy in case of Dukes B (stadium II) as well as in Dukes C (stadium III) colon cancer. An indication in the palliative setting remains for the Dukes D (stadium IV) colon cancer patients. Locoregional chemotherapeutical approaches represent no standard procedure and cannot be recommended outside clinical trials because the real value of this therapy is unknown due to a lack of large randomized trials. The mainstay of treatment of colon cancer is 5-Fluoruracil (5-FU), which should be combined with folinic acid in case of bolus (2-4 min. injection) therapy. In the adjuvant situation the Mayo scheme administered over a period of half a year remains the standard of choice because this procedure is validated by large randomized trials and replaces the combination 5-FU + levamisol given over a period of one year in former times. In the palliative situation 5-FU based therapy remains the goldstandard although more options than 5-FU plus folinic acid are now available. Oxaliplatin and irinotecan are approved for the treatment of metastatic colon cancer in first line in combination with 5-FU. Capecitabine and Ralitrexed are drugs, which are approved outside of Germany and can be used as well if indicated. The median survival of patients with metastatic colon cancer is between 12 and 18 month. It will be discussed in which way this range depends on the chemotherapeutical strategy.
Individualist and collectivist factors affecting online repurchase intentions (2010)

Purpose This study aims to explore whether collectivistic and individualistic users exhibit different e‐commerce loyalty and purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach The paper operationalises Triandis' individuality and collectivism typology. Empirical data were gathered using face‐to‐face questionnaire instruments with 140 respondents, comprising undergraduate students and government employees. Findings Online shoppers are more individualistic than those who have not shopped online, while individualism and collectivism do not influence online loyalty. Research limitations/implications As firms compete for online custom, it would be useful to gain some understanding of the possible effects of individual and collective behaviour on purchasing behaviour. Practical implications Instead of competing for existing online users, online stores could expand their market by appealing to offline shoppers using collective techniques. Originality/value Online loyalty has been an important focus of prior work and, while there has been significant focus on communities, Internet use remains a very personal activity. The paper provides new evidence that offline shoppers are more collectivistic than online shoppers.