gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dinitrochlorbenzene (DNCB) treatment of viral warts. A 5-year follow-up study (1984)

A series of 43 patients with therapy-resistant viral warts of long-duration were treated with dinitrochlorbenzene (DNCB). Of the 37 patients, who completed the treatment, 19 were cured, including five of seven patients with hyperkeratotic tumor-like warts. The majority of the patients showed a depressed cell-mediated immune response. 25 patients were reexamined 5 years later and 8 additional patients answered on inquiry. Six (18%) of these patients had warts. Eight of the 21 primarily tuberculin-negative patients had developed immunity to tuberculin, and none of them had warts. Five of the 6 patients with warts were still tuberculin-negative. The reaction to DNCB had reverted to negative in 17 (68%) out of 25 tested patients and in the majority of the remaining cases a weak reaction only was seen. The study does not tell if the cure is a consequence of the DNCB treatment or a function of time. However, it shows that cure is associated with normalization of the cell-mediated immune response. The DNCB hypersensitivity seemed to disappear with time and late complications were not documented.
Gold Nanoparticle-Enabled Real-Time Ligation Chain Reaction for Ultrasensitive Detection of DNA (2012)

A simple and ultrasensitive colorimetric DNA assay based on the detection of the product of a ligation chain reaction (LCR) and the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as signal generators has been developed. During LCR, the AuNPs were ligated together, resulting in a distinct color change in real time after a sufficient number of thermal cycles. The cumulative nature of the protocol produced a detection limit of 20 aM with a selectivity factor of 10(3).
Continuous Coherent Microwave Oscillation from <i>n</i> InSb (1971)

Continuous coherent oscillation from nInSb at 77°K under transverse magnetic field is investigated experimentally. The oscillation frequency is measured in detail as a function of the magnetic field together with the threshold relation between the magnetic field and the current. Interpretation is made in terms of the helical-mode instability both on the threshold and in the growing-wave conditions assuming the formation of a microplasma filament.
Flow Condensation on Copper-Based Nanotextured Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2012)

Superhydrophobic surfaces have shown excellent ability to promote dropwise condensation with high droplet mobility, leading to enhanced surface thermal transport. To date, however, it is unclear how superhydrophobic surfaces would perform under the stringent flow condensation conditions of saturated vapor at high temperature, which can affect superhydrophobicity. Here, we investigate this issue employing "all-copper" superhydrophobic surfaces with controlled nanostructuring for minimal thermal resistance. Flow condensation tests performed with saturated vapor at a high temperature (110 °C) showed the condensing drops penetrate the surface texture (i.e., attain the Wenzel state with lower droplet mobility). At the same time, the vapor shear helped ameliorate the mobility and enhanced the thermal transport. At the high end of the examined vapor velocity range, a heat flux of ~600 kW m(-2) was measured at 10 K subcooling and 18 m s(-1) vapor velocity. This clearly highlights the excellent potential of a nanostructured superhydrophobic surface in flow condensation applications. The surfaces sustained dropwise condensation and vapor shear for five days, following which mechanical degradation caused a transition to filmwise condensation. Overall, our results underscore the need to investigate superhydrophobic surfaces under stringent and realistic flow condensation conditions before drawing conclusions regarding their performance in practically relevant condensation applications.
EXIT Charts for Turbo Trellis-Coded Modulation (2004)

In this letter, we extend the previously proposed extrinsic information transfer charts (EXIT) method to the analysis of the convergence of turbo codes to turbo trellis-coded modulation (TTCM) schemes. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through examples. The proposed method provides a convenient way to systematically compare between schemes and thus can be used as a tool in the design of TTCM.
Visual arrestins in olfactory pathways of <i>Drosophila</i> and the malaria vector mosquito <i>Anopheles</i> <i>gambiae</i> (2002)

Arrestins are important components for desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor cascades that mediate neurotransmission as well as olfactory and visual sensory reception. We have isolated AgArr1, an arrestin-encoding cDNA from the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, where olfaction is critical for vectorial capacity. Analysis of AgArr1 expression revealed an overlap between chemosensory and photoreceptor neurons. Furthermore, an examination of previously identified arrestins from Drosophila melanogaster exposed similar bimodal expression, and Drosophila arrestin mutants demonstrate impaired electrophysiological responses to olfactory stimuli. Thus, we show that arrestins in Drosophila are required for normal olfactory physiology in addition to their previously described role in visual signaling. These findings suggest that individual arrestins function in both olfactory and visual pathways in Dipteran insects; these genes may prove useful in the design of control strategies that target olfactory-dependent behaviors of insect disease vectors.
Detection of DNA methylation in eucaryotic cells. (2007)

The methods of molecular biology allow for analyzing the methylation pattern in the whole genome and in particular genes. We differentiate methylated sequences from unmethylated ones by means of cutting the genomic template with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes or by sodium bisulfite DNA modification. Chemical modification precedes most quantitative and qualitative PCR techniques: MS-PCR, MS-nested PCR, Real-Time PCR, QAMA, HeavyMethyl, MSHRM. Restriction enzymes, on the other hand, may be used together with PCR or hybridisation methods (Southern blot and microarrays). PCRs are conducted with primers specific for methylated and unmethylated sequences and sometimes, similarly to hybridisation techniques, with specifically labeled probes or dyes intercalating to double-stranded nucleic acids. The most advanced methylation detection techniques (MALDI-TOF MS and HPLC) significantly reduce the amount of biological material used for tests, but they require specialist equipment.
Regression analysis and problems of multicollinearity (1975)

Multicollinearity or linear dependence among the vectors of regressor variables in a multiple linear regression analysis can have sever effects on the estimation of parameters and on variables selection techniques. This expository paper examines the sources of multicollinearity and discusses some of its harmful affects. Several methods proposed in the literature for detecting multicollinearity and dealing with the associated problems are also presented and discussed.
THE EFFECT OF YEAST TREHALOSE CONTENT AT PITCHING ON FERMENTATION PERFORMANCE DURING BREWING FERMENTATIONS (1998)

The effect of yeast trehalose content at pitching on the fermentation performance during brewing fermentations was studied using a commercial strain of lager yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (AJL 2155). Pitching yeasts with different trehalose contents were obtained by collecting cells in suspension after 96 h and 144 h of fermentation in EBC tubes in 10.8°P brewers wort at 14°C. The trehalose content of the pitching yeast had no effect on growth, specific gravity and ethanol production during the subsequent fermentation. A high trehalose content of the pitching yeast, however, sustained cell viability during the initial stage of fermentation, increased the carbohydrate utilisation rate and increased the production of isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol. For these aspects of fermentation performance, the trehalose content of the pitching yeast may prove useful in evaluating the vitality of pitching yeasts within the brewery.
Assess the Intramolecular Cavity of a PAMAM Dendrimer in Aqueous Solution by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (2008)

We present a contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study of a series of neutral PAMAM dendrimers in aqueous solutions using three different generations (G4−6) at a concentration of about 10 mg/mL. Varying the solvent hydrogen−deuterium ratio, the scattering contributions from the water molecules and the constituent components of PAMAM dendrimer can be determined. Using an analytical model of the scattering cross section I(Q) incorporating the effect of water penetration, we have quantified the intramolecular space of PAMAM dendrimer by evaluating the number of guest water molecules, and we draw a direct comparison to computational predictions. As expected, the overall available internal cavity was seen to increase as a function of increasing dendrimer generation. However, the fraction of water accessible volume of a dendrimer was found to remain invariant for the three generation PAMAM dendrimers studied in this report. We have also estimated the average water density inside a dendrimer, which is found to be higher than that of bulk water.
Design of Yagi‐like printed antennas for WLAN applications (2007)

Abstract A directive broadband printed Yagi‐like antenna design is presented. We have focused on the 2.45 GHz WLAN band, at which some designs have been carried out. For the design and the modelling processes, we made use of FDTD based in‐house developed algorithms. Some selected prototypes have then been fabricated onto a low‐cost printed circuit board dielectric substrate and tested successfully. Bandwidths higher than 10% and moderate to high (>7 dBi) gains can be obtained this way. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2174–2178, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22655
Caveolin-1 Signaling in Lung Fibrosis (2012)

Caveolin-1 is a master regulator of several signaling cascades because it is able to bind to and thereby inhibit members of a variety of kinase families. While associated with caveolae and involved in their generation, caveolin-1 is also present at other sites. A variety of studies have suggested that caveolin-1 may be a useful therapeutic target in fibrotic diseases of the lung and other tissues because in these diseases a low level of caveolin-1 expression is associated with a high level of collagen expression and fibrosis. Reduced caveolin-1 expression is observed not only in the fibroblasts that secrete collagen, but also in epithelial cells and monocytes. This is intriguing because both epithelial cells and monocytes have been suggested to be precursors of fibroblasts. Likely downstream effects of loss of caveolin-1 in fibrosis include activation of TGF-β signaling and upregulation of CXCR4 in monocytes resulting in their enhanced migration into damaged tissue where its ligand CXCL12 is produced. Finally, it may be possible to target caveolin-1 in fibrotic diseases without the use of gene therapy. A caveolin-1 peptide (caveolin-1 scaffolding domain) has been identified that retains the function of the full-length molecule to inhibit kinases and that can be modified by addition of the Antennapedia internalization sequence to allow it to enter cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Structural Disorder within Henipavirus Nucleoprotein and Phosphoprotein: From Predictions to Experimental Assessment (2010)

Henipaviruses are newly emerged viruses within the Paramyxoviridae family. Their negative-strand RNA genome is packaged by the nucleoprotein (N) within alpha-helical nucleocapsid that recruits the polymerase complex made of the L protein and the phosphoprotein (P). To date structural data on Henipaviruses are scarce, and their N and P proteins have never been characterized so far. Using both computational and experimental approaches we herein show that Henipaviruses N and P proteins possess large intrinsically disordered regions. By combining several disorder prediction methods, we show that the N-terminal domain of P (PNT) and the C-terminal domain of N (NTAIL) are both mostly disordered, although they contain short order-prone segments. We then report the cloning, the bacterial expression, purification and characterization of Henipavirus PNT and NTAIL domains. By combining gel filtration, dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance, we show that both NTAIL and PNT belong to the premolten globule sub-family within the class of intrinsically disordered proteins. This study is the first reported experimental characterization of Henipavirus P and N proteins. The evidence that their respective N-terminal and C-terminal domains are highly disordered under native conditions is expected to be invaluable for future structural studies by helping to delineate N and P protein domains amenable to crystallization. In addition, following previous hints establishing a relationship between structural disorder and protein interactivity, the present results suggest that Henipavirus PNT and NTAIL domains could be involved in manifold protein-protein interactions.
C1–C2-linker substituted 1,5-naphthyridine analogues of oxabicyclooctane-linked NBTIs as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents (part 7) (2015)

Substitutions around linker positions C-1 and C-2 suggest that the C-2α hydroxy group is the best for activity.
<scp>The Effects of Competition on Variation in the Quality and Cost of Medical Care</scp> (2005)

We estimate the effects of hospital competition on the level of and the variation in quality of care and hospital expenditures for elderly Medicare beneficiaries with heart attack. We compare competition's effects on more‐severely ill patients, whom we assume value quality more highly, to the effects on less‐severely ill, low‐valuation patients. We find that low‐valuation patients in competitive markets receive less intensive treatment than in uncompetitive markets, but have statistically similar health outcomes. In contrast, high‐valuation patients in competitive markets receive more intensive treatment than in uncompetitive markets, and have significantly better health outcomes. Because this competition‐induced increase in variation in expenditures is, on net, expenditure‐decreasing and outcome‐beneficial, we conclude that it is welfare‐enhancing. These findings are inconsistent with conventional models of vertical differentiation, although they can be accommodated by more recent models.
La querelle de ces bijoux de Georges Marchais : Sur la fonction cataphorique du déterminant démonstratif en français (2003)

La querelle de ces bijoux de Georges Marchais. Sur la fonction cataphorique du determonstratif en francais
Condensations of Unsymmetrical Ketones. I. Condensations with Ethyl Formate (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensations of Unsymmetrical Ketones. I. Condensations with Ethyl FormateRaymond P. MariellaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 11, 2670–2672Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01203a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01203a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The 4FAD: a high-extinction-ratio, achromatic, temperature-insensitive, high-damage-threshold, all-fiber, power-selective filter (2011)

We disclose a novel, power-selective, low-insertion-loss, all-fiber device, based on the interaction of self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation in a segmented, birefringent waveguide. The 4FAD provides new functionality of great value for pulsed laser systems.
Concentration of Nicotine and Glycols in 27 Electronic Cigarette Formulations (2016)

Personal battery-powered vaporizers or electronic cigarettes were developed to deliver a nicotine vapor such that smokers could simulate smoking tobacco without the inherent pathology of inhaled tobacco smoke. Electronic cigarettes and their e-cigarette liquid formulations are virtually unregulated. These formulations are typically composed of propylene glycol and/or glycerin, flavoring components and an active drug, such as nicotine. Twenty-seven e-cigarette liquid formulations that contain nicotine between 6 and 22 mg/L were acquired within the USA and analyzed by various methods to determine their contents. They were screened by Direct Analysis in Real Time™ Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS). Nicotine was confirmed and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the glycol composition was confirmed and quantitated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The DART-MS screening method was able to consistently identify the exact mass peaks resulting from the protonated molecular ion of nicotine, glycol and a number of flavor additives within 5 mmu. Nicotine concentrations were determined to range from 45 to 131% of the stated label concentration, with 18 of the 27 have >10% variance. Glycol composition was generally accurate to the product description, with only one exception where the propylene glycol to glycerin percentage ratio was stated as 50:50 and the determined concentration of propylene glycol to glycerin was 81:19 (% v/v). No unlabeled glycols were detected in these formulations.
Rhizoremediation of Trichloroethylene by a Recombinant, Root-Colonizing <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> Strain Expressing Toluene <i>ortho</i> -Monooxygenase Constitutively (1998)

Trichloroethylene (TCE) was removed from soils by using a wheat rhizosphere established by coating seeds with a recombinant, TCE-degrading Pseudomonas fluorescens strain that expresses the tomA+ (toluene o-monooxygenase) genes from Burkholderia cepacia PR1(23)(TOM23C). A transposon integration vector was used to insert tomA+ into the chromosome of P. fluorescens 2-79, producing a stable strain that expressed constitutively the monooxygenase at a level of 1.1 nmol/min.mg of protein (initial TCE concentration, 10 microM, assuming that all of the TCE was in the liquid) for more than 280 cell generations (36 days). We also constructed a salicylate-inducible P. fluorescens strain that degraded TCE at an initial rate of 2.6 nmol/min.mg of protein in the presence of 10 microM TCE [cf. B. cepacia G4 PR1(23) (TOM23C), which degraded TCE at an initial rate of 2.5 nmol/min.mg of protein]. A constitutive strain, P. fluorescens 2-79TOM, grew (maximum specific growth rate, 0.78 h-1) and colonized wheat (3 x 10(6) CFU/cm of root) as well as wild-type P. fluorescens 2-79 (maximum specific growth rate, 0.77 h-1; level of colonization, 4 x 10(6) CFU/cm of root). Rhizoremediation of TCE was demonstrated by using microcosms containing the constitutive monooxygenase-expressing microorganism, soil, and wheat. These closed microcosms degraded an average of 63% of the initial TCE in 4 days (20.6 nmol of TCE/day.plant), compared to the 9% of the initial TCE removed by negative controls consisting of microcosms containing wild-type P. fluorescens 2-79-inoculated wheat, uninoculated wheat, or sterile soil.
Thallium incorporation in molecular-beam-epitaxial InSb (1986)

The incorporation of thallium in molecular-beam-epitaxial indium antimonide has been studied by secondary-ion mass spectrometry. At temperatures above 300 °C desorption competes with incorporation. Increasing incorporation and surface accumulation is observed below 300 °C. The incorporation rate is also affected by the surface stoichiometry in a manner consistent with thallium occupying indium sublattice sites.
Chemical Energy Powered Nano/Micro/Macromotors and the Environment (2014)

The rise of miniaturized artificial self-powered devices, demonstrating autonomous motion, has brought in new considerations from the environmental perspective. This review addresses the interplay between these nano/micro/macromotors and the environment, recent advances, and their applications in pollution management. Such self-propelled devices are able to actuate chemical energy into mechanical motion in situ, adding another powerful dimension towards solving environmental problems. Use of synthetic nano/micro/macromotors has demonstrated potential in environmental remediation, both in pollutant removal and contaminant degradation, owing to motion-induced mixing. At the same time, the chemical environment exerts influence on the locomotion of the motors. These sensitized self-powered devices demonstrate capabilities for being deployed as sensors and their chemotactic behaviors show efficacy to act as first responders towards a chemical leakage. Thus, the notion of a self-propelling entity also entails further investigation into its inherent toxicity and possible implications as a pollutant. Future challenges and outlook of the use of these miniaturized devices are discussed, with specific regard to the fields of environmental remediation and monitoring, as we move towards their wider acceptance. We believe that these tiny machines will stand up to the task as solutions for environmental sustainability in the 21st century.
FEDRAM: A capacitor-less DRAM based on ferroelectric-gated field-effect transistor (2014)

A capacitor-less DRAM cell based on ferroelectric-gate memory transistor structure, FErroelectric-DRAM (FEDRAM), is introduced. Compared to the conventional DRAM cell, it offers much simpler cell structure, longer retention time, better scalability, and lower power consumption. Cell size of 4F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> can be realized. It is also most suitable for embedded applications. Recent developments of the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based ferroelectrics have overcome the shortcomings of PZT and SBT for FEDRAM technology, and make the commercialization of FEDRAM much closer to reality.
Floral Lists from Five Study Sites of Apes in the African Tropical Forests. Plants of the Tongwe East Forest Reserve (Ugalla), Tanzania. (1994)

The Tongwe East Forest Reserve, known to primatologists as Ugalla. is one of the driest habitats in which chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweirifurthii) are known to live. As such the site is an important one for understanding the climatic and vegetation factors limiting the distribution of chimpanzees. This contribution presents a preliminary listing of plant species reported from the Ugalla area.