gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skin Facilitates <i>Candida albicans</i> Mating (2003)

Mating between natural a/a and alpha/alpha strains of Candida albicans requires that cells first switch from the white to opaque phase phenotype. However, because cells expressing the opaque phase phenotype are induced to switch back to the white phase phenotype at physiological temperature (37 degrees C) and because opaque phase cells are highly efficient at colonizing skin, we tested whether skin, which is several degrees lower than physiological temperature, is conducive to mating. Using a model in which a mixture of a/a and alpha/alpha cells are incubated for 24 h under a cotton patch on the hairless skin of newborn mice and using scanning electron microscopy to visualize cells on skin, it was demonstrated that skin facilitates mating. In some regions of the skin, 40% of all cells had fused. All of the stages of mating observed in vitro were observed in vivo. However, some unique morphological characteristics of mating on skin were observed and are attributable to parent cell immobilization on the skin. In control experiments on glass, plastic, and silicone elastomer surfaces at 32 degrees C, cells either failed to fuse or did so at an extremely low frequency, suggesting that unique features of the skin surface other than reduced temperature also facilitate fusion.
cSculpt (2016)

Collaborative systems are well established solutions for sharing work among people. In computer graphics these workflows are still not well established, compared to what is done for text writing or software development. Usually artists work alone and share their final models by sending files. In this paper we present a system for collaborative 3D digital sculpting. In our prototype, multiple artists concurrently sculpt a polygonal mesh on their local machines by changing its vertex properties, such as positions and material BRDFs. Our system shares the artists' edits automatically and seamlessly merges these edits even when they happen on the same region of the surface. We propose a merge algorithm that is fast-enough for seamless collaboration, respects users' edits as much as possible, can support any sculpting operation, and works for both geometry and appearance modifications. Since in sculpting artists alternatively perform fine adjustments and large scale modifications, our algorithm is based on a multiresolution edit representation that handles concurrent overlapping edits at different scales. We tested our algorithm by modeling meshes collaboratively in different sculpting sessions and found that our algorithm outperforms prior works on collaborative mesh editing in all cases.
Development of an accurate, stable, and interactive map migration algorithm (1985)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1985Development of an accurate, stable, and interactive map migration algorithmAuthors: Shannon M. MaherDavid M. HadleyShannon M. MaherSierra Geophysics Inc. and David M. HadleySierra Geophysics Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892824 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByExplicit expressions for prestack map time migration in isotropic and VTI media and the applicability of map depth migration in heterogeneous anisotropic mediaHuub Douma and Maarten V. de Hoop12 January 2006 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 71, No. 1 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1985ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1985 Pages: 643 publication data© 1985 Copyright © 1985 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Shannon M. Maher and David M. Hadley, (1985), "Development of an accurate, stable, and interactive map migration algorithm," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 551-552. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892824 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Deadenylation of the unstable mRNA encoded by the yeast MFA2 gene leads to decapping followed by 5'-->3' digestion of the transcript. (1994)

The first step in the decay of some eukaryotic mRNAs is the shortening of the poly(A) tail. To examine how the transcript body was degraded after deadenylation, we followed the decay of a pulse of newly synthesized MFA2 transcripts while utilizing two strategies to trap intermediates in the degradation pathway. First, we inserted strong RNA secondary structures, which can slow exonucleolytic digestion and thereby trap decay intermediates, into the MFA2 5' UTR. Following deadenylation, fragments of the MFA2 mRNA trimmed from the 5' end to the site of secondary structure accumulated as full-length mRNA levels decreased. In addition, in cells deleted for the XRN1 gene, which encodes a major 5' to 3' exonuclease in yeast, the MFA2 transcript is deadenylated normally but persists as a full-length mRNA lacking the 5' cap structure. These results define a mRNA decay pathway in which deadenylation leads to decapping of the mRNA followed by 5'-->3' exonucleolytic degradation of the transcript body. Because the poly(A) tail and the cap structure are found on essentially all mRNAs, this pathway could be a general mechanism for the decay of many eukaryotic transcripts.
User interfaces to information systems (1983)

Do users prefer selection from a menu or specification of keywords to retrieve documents? We tried two experiments, one using an on-line library catalog and the other an on-line news wire. In the first, library users could either issue keyword commands to see book catalog entries, or choose categories from a menu following the Dewey Decimal classification of the books. In the second, news wire users could read Associated Press news stories either by posting a keyword profile against which all stories were matched, or by selecting them from a menu of current news items. For the library users, keyword searches were clearly preferred, by votes of 3 and 4 to 1; for the news stories, retrieval by keyword search is 50% less common than menu choice.We suggest that the difference is based on the degree of user foreknowledge of the data base and its organization. Menu-type interfaces tell the user what is available. If the user already knows, as in the library where a majority of the users have a particular book in mind, then the menu is merely time-consuming. But when the user does not know what is available (almost the definition of "news" is that it is new, and unpredictable), the menu is valuable because it displays the choice.
Comparison of Methods to Measure Low Serum Estradiol Levels in Postmenopausal Women (2006)

Until mass spectrometry is practical for wide use, extraction-based indirect assays may be preferable for measuring low postmenopausal serum E(2).
Preparation of monoacetylated diols via cyclic ketene acetals (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of monoacetylated diols via cyclic ketene acetalsPeter C. Zhu, Jinyan Lin, and Charles U. Pittman Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 17, 5729–5731Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00122a075https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00122a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1266Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Strategies for Development of Next-Generation Glycoconjugate Vaccines (2013)

Most bacterial pathogens are decorated with surface glycans called capsular polysaccharides (CPSs). Each CPS has a unique structure that is distinctively recognized by our immune cells. These polysaccharides are important vaccine candidates given that they are located on the surface of pathogens, are easily accessible by the immune system, and often result in formation of protective antibodies. To induce CPS specific adaptive immune response (i.e., T cell-mediated B cell response), CPSs are conjugated with carrier proteins, and the conjugation products are called glycoconjugate vaccines. Immunization with glycoconjugate vaccines has had significant health benefits in controlling infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. However, owing to insufficient understanding of their immune activation mechanisms, glycoconjugate vaccines have been designed and synthesized empirically. In recent years, we have witnessed important advancements in the glycoconjugate vaccine field: the discovery of the mechanism of action for glycoconjugate vaccines, a novel in vivo conjugation strategy, and progress in the use of novel carriers. These studies will be reviewed in detail herein.
Localization of Phosphatidylserine Binding Sites to Structural Domains of Factor Xa (2002)

Binding of short chain phosphatidylserine (C6PS) enhances the proteolytic activity of factor X(a) by 60-fold (Koppaka, V., Wang, J., Banerjee, M., and Lentz, B. R. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 7482-7491). In the present study, we locate three C6PS binding sites to different domains of factor X(a) using a combination of activity, circular dichroism, fluorescence, and equilibrium dialysis measurements on proteolytic and biosynthetic fragments of factor X(a). Our results demonstrate that the structural responses of human and bovine factor X(a) to C6PS binding are somewhat different. Despite this difference, data obtained with fragments from both human and bovine factor X(a) are consistent with a common hypothesis for the location of C6PS binding sites to different structural domains. First, the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain binds C6PS only in the absence of Ca(2+) (k(d) approximately 1 mm), although this PS site does not influence the functional response of factor X(a). Second, a Ca(2+)-dependent binding site is in the epidermal growth factor domains (EGF(NC)) that are linked by Ca(2+) and C6PS binding to the Gla domain. This site appears to be the lipid regulatory site of factor X(a). Third, a Ca(2+)-requiring site seems to be in the EGF(C)-catalytic domain. This site appears not to be a lipid regulatory site but rather to share residues with the substrate recognition site. Finally, the full functional response to C6PS requires linkage of the Gla, EGF(NC), and catalytic domains in the presence of Ca(2+), meaning that PS regulation of factor X(a) involves linkage between widely separated parts of the protein.
Does Fluoxetine Have Any Effect on the Cognition of Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment? (2007)

Fluoxetine enhanced memory and cognition in the patients. This was consistent with previous studies that emphasized the role of fluoxetine in improving memory and promoting neurogenesis in the hippocampus. However, this is a preliminary study with small sample size, and larger double-blind placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Protein-templated semiconductor nanoparticle chains (2008)

Cadmium sulfide and lead sulfide semiconducting nanoparticle chains have been fabricated for the first time by exploiting a general property of proteins, amyloidogenicity. The diameter of the CdS and PbS nanowires was tuned in the range of ∼50 to ∼350 nm by changing the process parameters. The nanoparticle chains were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Synthesis of iso-hydrocarbons mixture from CO2 and H2 on hybrid catalysts (2001)

The activity and selectivity of hybrid catalysts of the content α(ZnaCrbCucKd–Ox)/β[Fe3+/ZSM-11] have been studied in the reaction of hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbons, where α, β, a, b, c, d, and x are variables. The process was carried out in a flowing-type reactor with the fixed layer of the catalyst at 3 MPa within the temperature interval 613–653 K and the volumetric rate of the gaseous mixture was 1325–5000 h−1. For the most selective catalyst the degree of CO2 into hydrocarbons conversion was 64.2% (653 K, 3.0 MPa, 1500 h−1) at the ratio of the hydrocarbons (C5–C11) of iso-structure to the hydrocarbons of normal structure equal to 3.91. As the temperature of the process increased, the content of the products changed: in hydrocarbons with the same carbon numbers the iso-structure products content rises. As the volumetric rate increases, the selectivity for hydrocarbons of petrol fraction C5–C11 decreases, and for the diesel fraction C12–C18 and cerezines C19–C24 it increases. The maximum selectivity for hydrocarbons of the petrol fraction is up to 57.3%. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Packing density of HS(CH2)nCOOH self-assembled monolayers (2011)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of HS(CH(2))(n)COOH, n = 5, 10, 15 deposited from ethanol solution onto gold are prepared by five approaches, and their packing densities are evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The five approaches are: (1) direct deposition; (2) acetic-acid-assisted deposition; (3) butyl-amine-assisted deposition; (4) displacement of a preformed HS(CH(2))(n)CH(3) (n = 5, 10, 15) SAMs; and (5) co-deposition with HS(CH(2))(n)CH(3) (n = 5, 10, 15). Packing density metrics are calculated from measurements of SAM and substrate photoemission intensities and their attenuations by two methods. In one case the attenuated photoemissions are expressed as a ratio relative to comparable measurements on an experimental HS(CH(2))(n)CH(3) model system. In the other case a new method is introduced where a calculated attenuation based on theoretical random coil and extended chain models is used as the reference to determine a packing density fraction. Packing densities are also correlated with the S2p(Au-bonded):Au4f peak area ratios and with shifts in the C1s binding energies. SAMs prepared by the direct deposition are a partial multilayer where a second molecular layer is physisorbed onto the SAM and not removable by solvent washing. The addition of acetic acid to the deposition solution disrupts dimer associations of HS(CH(2))(n)COOH in solution and at the surface of the monolayer and yields the most ordered monolayer with the highest density of -COOH groups. The addition of butyl amine results in a labile ammonium carbonate ion pair formation but results in a lower packing density in the SAM. The displacement of the preformed HS(CH(2))(n)CH(3) SAM and the co-deposition of HS(CH(2))(n)CH(3) with HS(CH(2))(n)COOH result in SAMs with little incorporation of the -COOH component.
The Chemistry of Lyophilized Blood Products (2018)

With the development of new biologics and bioconjugates, storage and preservation have become more critical than ever before. Lyophilization is a method of cell and protein preservation by removing a solvent such as water from a substance followed by freezing. This technique has been used in the past and still holds promise for overcoming logistic challenges in safety net hospitals with limited blood banking resources, austere environments such as combat, and mass casualty situations where existing resources may be outstripped. This method allows for long-term storage and transport but requires the bioconjugation of preservatives to prevent cell destabilization. Trehalose is utilized as a bioconjugate in platelet and red blood cell preservation to maintain protein thermodynamics and stabilizing protein formulations in liquid and freeze-dried states. Biomimetic approaches have been explored as alternatives to cryo- and lyopreservation of blood components. Intravascular hemostats such as PLGA nanoparticles functionalized with PEG motifs, topical hemostats utilizing fibrinogen or chitosan, and liposomal encapsulated hemoglobin with surface modifications are effectively stored long-term through bioconjugation. In thinking about the best methods for storage and transport, we are focusing this topical review on blood products that have the longest track record of preservation and looking at how these methods can be applied to synthetic systems.
Growth and Properties of Thin Germanium Films (1970)

Germanium films have been grown via the pyrolysis of mixtures on thin films of silicon grown on spinel and sapphire. The thin layer of silicon (≈1000Aå) was used to produce improved crystal structure in the germanium layer. In addition, the silicon undercoating provided improved adhesion of the germanium to the substrate, particularly at germanium growth temperatures above 700°C. The electrical properties of the films are described in terms of substrate orientation, silicon and germanium growth temperatures, and doping density. Both p‐ and n‐type films 2 µm thick have been grown reproducibly with mobilities in excess of 1200 cm2/V sec at carrier concentrations in the 1016/cm3–1017/cm3 range. These films were sufficiently perfect to allow observation of the indirect‐direct transition in the conduction band at 0.8 ev in the optical absorption data.
Factors affecting the coefficient of friction of paper (1992)

Abstract Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) studies on a variety of paper samples show that for samples of similar surface roughness the coefficient of friction is a function of the amount of extractives that are present on the sheet surface. Corona discharge treatment in air is found to produce a marked increase in the coefficient of friction of newsprint due to surface oxidation effects. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimizing Smartphone Power Consumption through Dynamic Resolution Scaling (2015)

The extremely-high display density of modern smartphones imposes a significant burden on power consumption, yet does not always provide an improved user experience and may even lead to a compromised user experience. As human visually-perceivable ability highly depends on the user-screen distance, a reduced display resolution may still achieve the same user experience when the user-screen distance is large. This provides new power-saving opportunities. In this paper, we present a flexible dynamic resolution scaling system for smartphones. The system adopts an ultrasonic-based approach to accurately detect the user-screen distance at low-power cost and makes scaling decisions automatically for maximum user experience and power saving. App developers or users can also adjust the resolution manually as their needs. Our system is able to work on existing commercial smartphones and support legacy apps, without requiring re-building the ROM or any changes of apps. An end-to-end dynamic resolution scaling system is implemented on the Galaxy S5 LTE-A and Nexus 6 smartphones, and the correctness and effectiveness are evaluated against 30 games and benchmarks. Experimental results show that all the 30 apps can run successfully with per-frame, real-time dynamic resolution scaling. The energy per frame can be reduced by 30.1% on average and up to 60.5\% at most when the resolution is halved, for 15 apps. A user study with 10 users indicates that our system remains good user experience, as none of the 10 users could perceive the resolution changes in the user study.
New Failure Mechanisms in Sputtered Aluminum-Silicon Films (1984)

A new failure mechanism resulting in open metal bit- lines was observed during reliability testing of vendor 64k dynamic random access memory (RAIM) products using sputtered Al-Si metallurgy. Life test data, physical failure analysis, and metal film characterization are presented, The observed phenomenan is not strictly electromigratiotn, but rather a temperature-dependent metal-deformation process, such as creep, resulting in intergranular fracture.
Inherited p53 gene mutations in breast cancer. (1992)

Recent evidence has implicated germ-line mutations of the p53 gene as the cause of cancer susceptibility in the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, associated with the development of breast cancer and other neoplasms. Furthermore, somatic mutations of the p53 gene have been detected in a high percentage of non-familial breast cancers. We therefore sought to identify potential carriers of p53 gene mutations in a cohort of patients with early onset breast cancer. We examined 126 consecutive patients who developed breast cancer at or before the age of 40 for mutations of p53 within conserved regions of the gene. One patient with an inherited germ-line mutation of the p53 gene was identified but the functional significance of this mutation was not clear. It thus appears that only a small percentage of patients with breast cancer under the age of 40 carry germ-line mutations of the p53 gene, an observation which has implications for potential screening and risk assessment in such patients.
<i>tert</i> ‐Butyl‐ <i>tert</i> ‐Octylamine (2003)

Abstract tert ‐Butyl‐ tert ‐octylamine intermediate: 29.7 g of nitroso‐tert‐octane intermediate: N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐tert‐octyl‐O‐tert‐butylhydroxylamine intermediate: N‐tert‐octyl‐O‐tert‐butylhydroxylamine product: tert‐butyl‐tert‐octylamine
Diisophorone and Related Compounds, Part 29. 3-Aminodiisophorane Derivatives (1991)

3-Aminodiisophor-2(7)-en-1-ol and homologues are obtained from the readily accessible 3-ketones by reduction of their respective ketoximes, and are characterized as suitable derivatives. The 3-(ω-phenylthioureido) compound undergoes cyclodehydration to a substituted 8,11a-methanocycloocta[d,e][3.1]benzthiazine. The structures of the individual compounds are correlated with their assigned 13 C NMR spectra.
Self-Attention and Dynamic Convolution Hybrid Model for Neural Machine Translation (2020)

In sequence-to-sequence learning, models based on the self-attention mechanism dominate the network structures used for neural machine translation. Recently, convolutional networks have been demonstrated to perform excellently on various translation tasks. Despite the fact that self-attention and convolution have different strengths in modeling sequences, few efforts have been devoted to combining them. In this work, we propose a hybrid model that benefits from both mechanisms. We combine a self-attention module and a dynamic convolution module by taking a weighted sum of their outputs where the weights can be dynamically learned by the model during training. Experimental results show that our hybrid model outperforms baseline models built solely on either of these two mechanisms. And we produce new state-of-the-art results on IWSLT'15 English-German dataset.