gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA Immunization with Na <sup>+</sup> -K <sup>+</sup> ATPase ( <i>Sseat-6</i> ) Induces Protective Immunity to Larval <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> in Mice (2005)

Strongyloides stercoralis causes chronic asymptomatic infections which can be maintained in the human host for many decades. Identification and treatment of S. stercoralis-infected individuals is required because immunosuppression can lead to fatal hyperinfection. In this study, human immunoglobulin G (IgG) that had previously been shown to transfer protective immunity to mice was used to identify potential protective antigens. Three antigens or genes from S. stercoralis larvae were identified as tropomyosin (Sstmy-1), Na+-K+ ATPase (Sseat-6), and LEC-5 (Sslec-5). The genes were cloned into plasmids for DNA immunization, and mice were immunized intradermally with the three plasmids individually in combination with a plasmid containing murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Only Na+-K+ ATPase induced a significant reduction in larval survival after DNA immunization. Immunization with a combination of all three plasmids, including Na+-K+ ATPase, did not induce protective immunity. Serum from mice immunized with DNA encoding Na+-K+ ATPase was transferred to naive mice and resulted in partial protective immunity. Therefore, DNA immunization with Na+-K+ ATPase induces protective immunity in mice, and it is the first identified vaccine candidate against infection with larval S. stercoralis.
The Road not Taken (1997)

The Road not Taken Z. Celik , D. Favro and R. Ingersoll (eds.): Streets: Critical Perspectives on Public Space ( University of California Press : Berkeley, Los Angeles, London , 1994 ), 170 b&w illns, 294pp. , hardback ISBN 0-520-08550-7 , £32.00. paperback ISBN 0-524-205286 , £15.95. M. Christine Boyer : The City of Collective Memory: Its Historical Imagery and Architectural Entertainments ( MIT Press : Cambridge, MA and London , 1996 ), 65 b&w illns, 560pp. , paperback ISBN 0-262-52211-X , £17.50. HELEN HILLS HELEN HILLS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Art Journal, Volume 20, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 95–98, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/20.1.95 Published: 01 March 1997
Development of a Stable Isotope Dilution Assay for an Accurate Quantification of Protein-Bound <i>N</i><sub>ε</sub>-(1-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-fructos-1-yl)-<scp>l</scp>-lysine Using a <sup>13</sup>C-Labeled Internal Standard (1999)

Syntheses of the labeled Amadori compound [(13)C(6)]-N(epsilon)-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-L-lysine ([(13)C(6)]-DFLys) and the labeled glycated tetrapeptide Ala-[(13)C(6)]-DFLys-Leu-Gly are presented. The compounds were used in the development of stable isotope dilution assays for the quantification of the degree of glycosylation of bovine serum albumin treated for 20 min at 95 degrees C in the presence of glucose. The experiments revealed that the use of the labeled standards in combination with LC/MS allowed the exact quantification of protein-bound DFLys with the high recovery rate of 95% (at a spike level of 150 nmol/mg of protein) and a low detection limit of 5 nmol/mg of protein. The data revealed, however, that DFLys is significantly degraded during the enzymic hydrolysis of the protein backbone generally needed in the quantification procedure and, furthermore, incomplete digestion of the protein was observed. Both sources of errors were clearly overcome by using in particular the labeled peptide as the internal standard.
Update on HIV-1 viral load blips. (2006)

Despite recent findings suggesting that many blips are laboratory or statistical aberrations, it remains important to differentiate blips from early virological failure or persistent detectable low-level viremia. Once the episode of detectable viremia is clearly defined as a blip, however, there should be no cause for clinical concern.
Wavelet-based coding and indexing of images and video. (1998)

The multitude of visual media based applications demands sophisticated compression and indexing techniques for efficient storage, transmission, and retrieval of images and video. Wavelet transform has emerged as a powerful tool for efficient compression of images and video sequences. However, there is a need for significant enhancements in the motion estimation process in order to design an efficient wavelet-based video coder. More importantly, there has been little work done in the area of image and video indexing in the wavelet domain. These are crucial for consideration of wavelets as a potential candidate for multimedia applications. Hence there is an impending need for investigating joint compression and indexing approaches in the wavelet transform domain which is the principal focus of this thesis. In this thesis, we have proposed several novel coding and indexing techniques in the wavelet domain. The proposed coding techniques emphasize efficient motion estimation techniques for a wavelet-based video coder, which include bi-directional motion estimation, fine-to-coarse motion estimation, and variable block-size motion estimation. The proposed indexing techniques include moment-based indexing, fast wavelet histogram indexing, indexing based on distribution of wavelet coefficients, illumination invariant indexing, and robust video segmentation. An efficient video storage and archival system has been developed by combining all proposed techniques. The novelty of the coding and indexing techniques is that both employ a set of key features that describe the content of the visual data. This results in superior performance with lower storage space requirement, and reduced computational complexity.
Advances in Geosynthetic Clay Liners: Polymer Enhanced Clays (2011)

Bentonite clay is widely used in Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs), because of its elevated sealing capacity in presence of water. However, exposure to high concentrated inorganic solutions can change the clay fabric increasing its hydraulic conductivity. To improve the hydraulic performance of GCLs, a chemical-resistant clay (HYPER clay) was developed through treatment of a natural bentonite with an anionic polymer, Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC). The swelling ability, water adsorption capacity and hydraulic conductivity of the HYPER clay were evaluated. Test results showed the beneficial effect of the anionic-polymer treatment on the swelling, water adsorption and hydraulic performance of the clay.
Chemical and physical sputtering of fluorinated silicon (1995)

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on low-energy argon-ion bombardment (200, 50, and 20 eV) of silicon layers with varying amounts of fluorine incorporated. At low fluorine incorporation in the layers (F/Si&lt;0.5), only physical sputtering was observed, although the physical sputtering yield increased compared to pure amorphous silicon. At higher levels of fluorine incorporation into the silicon layer, ion impact resulted in the formation of weakly bound SiFx (x=1–3) species in the layer. This phenomenon appears to be similar to chemical sputtering as defined by Winters and Coburn [H. F. Winters and J. W. Coburn, Surf. Sci. Rep. 14, 164 (1992)]. The overall yield, due to both physical and chemical sputtering, was found to follow a square-root dependence on ion energy. The threshold ion impact energy for the formation of weakly bound species in heavily fluorinated silicon layers extrapolated to ≤4 eV, and for physical sputtering to about 20 eV. The simulations imply that the source of the ion-neutral synergism in ion-assisted etching occurs on the collision cascade time scale (∼10−12 s) with the creation of these weakly bound species. The overall rate determining step for ion-assisted etching, however, is often a much slower process involving thermal desorption, chemical reaction, or diffusion. This difference between the source of the ion-neutral synergy (creation of weakly bound species in 1 ps or less) and the rate determining step (often on much longer time scales) has probably contributed to the confusion that has surrounded discussions of the mechanisms of ion-assisted etching.
NOViSE: a virtual natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery simulator (2016)

VR simulation of NOTES procedures can contribute to surgical training and improve the educational experience without putting patients at risk, raising ethical issues or requiring expensive animal or cadaver facilities. In the context of an experimental technique, NOViSE could potentially facilitate NOTES development and contribute to its wider use by keeping practitioners up to date with this novel surgical technique. NOViSE is a first prototype, and the initial results indicate that it provides promising foundations for further development.
A Modern Series Of Cinematographic Lenses: From Concept To Product (1988)

In the past photographic "taking" lenses and, in particular, those for the motion picture industry i.e. cinematographic lenses have had a mixed career due to inconsistencies between the processes of lens design, manufacture, testing and calibration and practical assessment in the customer domain. Usually these inconsistencies can be attributed to differences between the comparison of, a lens design "scientifically" made and final evaluation in an "artistic" manner. The following paper addresses the processes of lens design, manufacture, testing and calibration using a combination of acquired practical experience and modern test and calibration methods. Various performance aspects are separately addressed and considered in terms of different means of measurement.
Antithrombotic Properties of Dermatan Sulphate (MF 701) in Haemodialysis for Chronic Renal Failure (1992)

The therapeutic potential of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG), dermatan sulphate (DS), as an antithrombotic agent in humans has yet to be established. We have performed dose ranging studies of DS to determine its effectiveness as an antithrombotic agent in patients (n = 6-8) undergoing haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. In an initial study, Study 1, i.v. bolus doses of 2-4 mg/kg and 5-6 mg/kg DS were given to patients dialysing with polyacrylonitrile hollow fibre (PAN HF) membranes. In a second crossover study, Study 2, performed using cuprophane hollow fibre (CHF) membranes, i.v. bolus doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg DS were compared to a standard unfractionated heparin (UFH) regime that has been shown previously to inhibit fibrin formation. Further infusion studies, Study 3 and Study 4 evaluated the antithrombotic efficacy of an i.v. DS bolus of 3 mg/kg plus an i.v. infusion of DS 0.6 mg kg-1 h-1 and a DS bolus of 5 mg/kg plus an infusion of 1 mg kg-1 h-1 over 5 h, respectively. These studies were compared to standard UFH regimes in a randomised crossover design. Plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) were used as markers of fibrin formation and thrombin generation during dialysis using both membranes. The changes in DS concentration following administration of the different doses were similar in Studies 1 and 2. However, the effectiveness of DS as an anticoagulant appeared to depend markedly on the different dialyser types used in the two studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Butterfly (1998)

The Internet enables groups of people throughout the world to interact to discuss issues, get assistance, learn, and socialize. However, when there are thousands of loosely defined groups in which a user could potentially participate, the problem becomes finding the groups of most interest. In this paper we focus on the domain of Internet Relay Chat real-time text messaging, and describe a “social butterfly” agent called Butterfly that samples available conversational groups and recommends ones of interest. We discuss Butterfly’s motivation, usage, realworld design constraints, implementation, and results. Finally, we introduce work in progress on a multi-agent approach that has grown out of our experience with Butterfly.
III — Reactive and fictitious power (1933)

The single-phase and polyphase definitions of reactive power are considered in this article. It is shown that the single-phase definition is unsatisfactory with complex waves. The polyphase definition is better, but requires independent recognition of distortion and mesh distribution. A distinction is made between fictitious power and reactive power.
A Novel N-Terminal Domain Directs Membrane Localization of Mouse Testis-Specific Calpastatin1 (2000)

Multiple isoforms of calpastatin have been identified with unique N-terminal regions followed by identical calpain inhibitory domains (II-IV). In many instances the isoforms are cell-type specific, although the precise functional differences among these N-terminal regions are largely unknown. Here we report a germ cell-specific isoform of calpastatin (tCAST) that consists of a novel N-terminal peptide of 40 amino acids (domain T) followed by domains II to IV of somatic calpastatin (sCAST). Domain T is responsible for membrane association of tCAST through a protein modification by myristylation. Mutation of the myristylation site eliminates membrane targeting. Unlike most of the isoforms of calpastatin that are generated through alternative RNA splicing or post-translational proteolysis, the testis-specific isoform is transcribed from an intronic promoter in haploid germ cells of the testis. The intronic promoter directs specific expression of a reporter transgene in developing germ cells of the mouse testis.
Self-phase modulation and spectral broadening of optical pulses in semiconductor laser amplifiers (1989)

Amplification of ultrashort optical pulses in semiconductor laser amplifiers is shown to result in considerable spectral broadening and distortion as a result of the nonlinear phenomenon of self-phase modulation (SPM). The physical mechanism behind SPM is gain saturation, which leads to intensity-dependent changes in the refractive index in response to variations in the carrier density. The effect of the shape and the initial frequency chirp of input pulses on the shape and the spectrum of amplified pulses is discussed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the case in which the input pulsewidth is comparable to the carrier lifetime so that the saturated gain has time to recover partially before the trailing edge of the pulse arrives. The experimental results, performed by using picosecond input pulses from a 1.52- mu m mode-locked semiconductor laser, are in agreement with the theory. When the amplified pulse is passed through a fiber, it is initially compressed because of the frequency chirp imposed on it by the amplifier. This feature can be used to compensate for fiber dispersion in optical communication systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The GABAergic system in schizophrenia (2002)

A defect in neurotransmission involving gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) in schizophrenia was first proposed in the early 1970s. Since that time, a considerable effort has been made to find such a defect in components of the GABAergic system. After a brief introduction focusing on historical perspectives, this paper reviews post-mortem and other biological studies examining the following components of the GABAergic system in schizophrenic subjects: the GABA biosynthetic enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase; free GABA; the GABA transporter; the GABAA, GABAB and benzodiazepine receptors; and the catabolic enzyme GABA transaminase. Additionally, post-mortem studies using morphology or calcium-binding protein to identify GABAergic neurons are also reviewed. Substantial evidence argues for a defect in the GABAergic system of the frontal cortex in schizophrenia which is limited to the parvalbumin-class of GABAergic interneurons.
Observation of large quadratic electro-optic effect in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells (1987)

We simultaneously measure the intensity modulation level and the optical spectrum of the output of a multiple quantum well modulator, and use these data to deduce the electro-optic coefficients. The effect is quadratic, with a measured ‖s33‖=4.6×10−13 cm2/V2 at a wavelength 12 meV below the band gap. This is approximately 800 times the coefficient measured further from the band gap. We are able to achieve a fractional change in the refractive index of 3.7%. Despite the size of this effect, when we operate the device as an intensity modulator, we observe a linewidth enhancement factor of α=1.0, which means the chirp induced in the device’s output will be small.
Velocity update via joint velocity inversion for anisotropic depth migration (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002Velocity update via joint velocity inversion for anisotropic depth migrationAuthors: Yaohui ZhangMin LouDon PhamYaohui ZhangPGS Geophysical, Houston, Texas, Min LouPGS Geophysical, Houston, Texas, and Don PhamPGS Geophysical, Houston, Texashttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816927 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816927FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2002 Pages: 2478 publication data© 2002 Copyright © 2002 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Yaohui Zhang, Min Lou, and Don Pham, (2002), "Velocity update via joint velocity inversion for anisotropic depth migration," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 141-144. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816927 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, a novel IFNα-2b, induces high response rates with low toxicity in patients with polycythemia vera (2015)

In this prospective, open-label, multicenter phase 1/2 dose escalation study, we used a next-generation, mono-pegylated interferon (IFN) α-2b isoform, ropeginterferon alfa-2b. The unique feature of ropeginterferon alfa-2b is a longer elimination half-life, which allows administration every 2 weeks. We present data from 51 polycythemia vera patients. The main goal was to define the maximum tolerated dose and to assess safety and efficacy. A dose range of 50 to 540 µg was tested without the appearance of dose-limiting toxicities. All drug-related adverse events were known toxicities associated with IFN-α. The cumulative overall response rate was 90%, comprising complete response in 47% and partial response in 43% of patients; the best individual molecular response level was a complete response in 21% of patients and partial response in 47%. Notably, we did not observe any correlation between the dose level and the response rate or response duration, suggesting that already low levels of ropeginterferon alfa-2b are sufficient to induce significant hematologic and molecular responses. These data suggest promising efficacy and safety of ropeginterferon alfa-2b and support the development of the drug in a randomized phase 3 clinical trial. The study was disclosed at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01193699 before including the first patient.
Mutant tryptophan aporepressors with altered specificities of corepressor recognition. (1991)

The Escherichia coli trpR gene encodes tryptophan aporepressor, which binds the corepressor ligand, L-tryptophan, to form an active repressor complex. The side chain of residue valine 58 of Trp aporepressor sits at the bottom of the corepressor (L-tryptophan) binding pocket. Mutant trpR genes encoding changes of Val58 to the other 19 naturally occurring amino acids were made. Each of the mutant proteins requires a higher intracellular concentration of tryptophan for activation of DNA binding than wild-type aporepressor. Whereas wild-type aporepressor is activated better by 5-methyltryptophan (5-MT) than by tryptophan, Ile58 and other mutant aporepressors prefer tryptophan to 5-MT as corepressor, and Ala58 and Gly58 prefer 5-MT much more strongly than wild-type aporepressor in vivo. These mutant aporepressors are the first examples of DNA-binding proteins with altered specificities of cofactor recognition.
Dependability Analysis on Open Stack IaaS Cloud: Bug Anaysis and Fault Injection (2014)

This paper proposes a comparative study of cloud dependability between two methods -- bug analysis and fault injection for assessing the impact of component failure on cloud service availability. We focus on the IaaS cloud with open source platform Open Stack. The actual bug data are analyzed to show numerical examples of dependability assessment. A fault injection tool has also been developed to create failures of components and then observe their effects on services. The comparison analysis between two methods shows that bug analysis method has richer features for analyzing but not as precise as fault injection.
Towards designing effective visualizations for DNS-based network threat analysis (2017)

As threat detection systems become critical for protecting modern organizations, visualization has emerged as an essential tool for security analysts to understand network threats. However, there is currently little research in designing and evaluating effective network threat analysis visualizations. To address this problem, we take a user-centered approach, starting with designing an open source threat analysis console for DNS-based network threat analysis grounded in both an understanding of analysts' needs and tasks and security visualization best practices. The proposed open source threat analysis console, called THACO (THreat Analysis COnsole), leverages open DNS datasets, domain WHOIS records, and both public malware and domain blacklists. It also uses a visually scalable visualization technique, a multi-grouping, zoomable treemap, to adapt to DNS-based network threat analysis needs. Then, we conduct a user study with 7 in-situ and 31 online IT security practitioners. Our code for THACO and THACO itself will be opened to the community in order to further improve the ability of analysts to perform network threat analysis and better secure their networks.
DIVERT: A Distributed Vehicular Traffic Re-Routing System for Congestion Avoidance (2016)

Centralized solutions for vehicular traffic re-routing to alleviate congestion suffer from two intrinsic problems: scalability, as the central server has to perform intensive computation and communication with the vehicles in real-time; and privacy, as the drivers have to share their location as well as the origins and destinations of their trips with the server. This article proposes DIVERT, a distributed vehicular re-routing system for congestion avoidance. DIVERT offloads a large part of the re-routing computation at the vehicles, and thus, the re-routing process becomes practical in real-time. To take collaborative re-routing decisions, the vehicles exchange messages over vehicular ad hoc networks. DIVERT is a hybrid system because it still uses a server and Internet communication to determine an accurate global view of the traffic. In addition, DIVERT balances the user privacy with the re-routing effectiveness. The simulation results demonstrate that, compared with a centralized system, the proposed hybrid system increases the user privacy by 92 percent on average. In terms of average travel time, DIVERT's performance is slightly less than that of the centralized system, but it still achieves substantial gains compared to the no re-routing case. In addition, DIVERT reduces the CPU and network load on the server by 99.99 and 95 percent, respectively.