gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a novel hemostatic device in an ovine parenchymal organ bleeding model of normal and impaired hemostasis (2002)

Bleeding is a problem encountered by many surgeons, often complicated by the presence of coagulopathy or anticoagulant. The hemostatic effectiveness of CoStasis Surgical Hemostat (with bovine collagen, bovine thrombin, and autologous plasma) was evaluated and compared to a collagen sponge and to two investigational fibrin-sealant preparations under conditions of normal and impaired coagulation. A liver resection and controlled incisions in spleens and kidneys were made in sheep. Time to complete hemostasis and total blood loss were measured. Tissue response was evaluated at 7, 30, 60, and 75 days. CoStasis-treated sites demonstrated significantly shorter time to hemostasis (all surgical sites combined) compared with fibrin sealant (investigational fibrin sealant 1) (p= .005) or collagen sponge (p=0.013). In anticoagulated animals, CoStasis and fibrin sealant (investigational fibrin sealant 2) had comparable mean times to hemostasis, and CoStasis-treated sites exhibited lowered average blood loss compared to investigational fibrin-sealant-2 treated sites. CoStasis-treated sites demonstrated higher levels of tissue repair (lower inflammation, more extensive tissue repair, and less residual implant) compared to fibrin-sealant- or collagen-sponge-treated sites in Phases I and II. These findings demonstrate that CoStasis is a highly effective hemostatic agent for control of bleeding from parenchymal organs. Furthermore, under conditions of compromised coagulation, treatment with CoStasis demonstrates a reduction in average blood loss when compared to treatment with fibrin sealant.
Development of an Electro-Mechanical System to Identify & Map Adverse Soil Compaction Using GIS & GP (2006)

A stand-alone electro-mechanical system with a 32-inch disc coulter was developed andtested to identify soil compaction in a 1-acre field located at the University of Kentucky AnimalResearch Center (UKARC). The system was evaluated by making four passes in the square gridcell. With the aid of hydraulic actuation, the coulter oscillated between depths of 100mm (4-in) and330mm (13-in) as it moved forward and recorded the vertical impedance force given by the soilcontinuously. Forty standard soil cone penetrometer measurements along the diagonals to a depth of400mm (16-in) were taken and the average cone indices (MPa) at different depths for the entire gridcell were compared to the average coulter indices (CuI(N/mm), defined as the penetration forcedivided by the perimeter of the coulter disc in contact with soil) at corresponding depths. Ten soil bulkdensity measurements were taken at depths of (100,150,200,250,300mm) per each grid cell andaveraged. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and coefficient of determination (r2) were found to be0.716 and 0.51between CuI and CI respectively. The depth and spatial locations of maximum verticalimpedance force and maximum CuI were determined.
Vibrio cholerae non-O1 bacteraemia: description of three cases in the Netherlands and a literature review (2016)

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 serogroup (VCNO) bacteraemia is a severe condition with a high case-fatality rate. We report three cases diagnosed in the Netherlands, identified during a national microbiological congress, and provide a literature review on VCNO bacteraemia. A search strategy including synonyms for 'VCNO' and 'bacteraemia' was applied to PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases. The three cases were reported in elderly male patients after fish consumption and/or surface water contact. The literature search yielded 82 case reports on 90 cases and six case series. Thirty case reports were from Asia (30/90; 33%), concerned males (67/90; 74%), and around one third (38/90; 42%) involved a history of alcohol abuse and/or liver cirrhosis The presenting symptom often was gastroenteritis (47/90; 52%) which occurred after seafood consumption in 32% of the cases (15/47).Aside from the most frequent symptom being fever, results of case series concurred with these findings. Published cases also included rare presentations e.g. endophthalmitis and neonatal meningitis. Based on the limited data available, cephalosporins seemed the most effective treatment. Although mainly reported in Asia, VCNO bacteraemia occurs worldwide. While some risk factors for VCNO were identified in this study, the source of infection remains often unclear. Clinical presentation may vary greatly and therefore a quick microbiological diagnosis is indispensable.
Mixed-state entanglement and quantum error correction (1996)

Entanglement purification protocols (EPPs) and quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) provide two ways of protecting quantum states from interaction with the environment. In an EPP, perfectly entangled pure states are extracted, with some yield D, from a mixed state M shared by two parties; with a QECC, an arbitrary quantum state |\ensuremath{\xi}〉 can be transmitted at some rate Q through a noisy channel \ensuremath{\chi} without degradation. We prove that an EPP involving one-way classical communication and acting on mixed state M^(\ensuremath{\chi}) (obtained by sharing halves of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs through a channel \ensuremath{\chi}) yields a QECC on \ensuremath{\chi} with rate Q=D, and vice versa. We compare the amount of entanglement E(M) required to prepare a mixed state M by local actions with the amounts ${\mathit{D}}_{1}$(M) and ${\mathit{D}}_{2}$(M) that can be locally distilled from it by EPPs using one- and two-way classical communication, respectively, and give an exact expression for E(M) when M is Bell diagonal. While EPPs require classical communication, QECCs do not, and we prove Q is not increased by adding one-way classical communication. However, both D and Q can be increased by adding two-way communication. We show that certain noisy quantum channels, for example a 50% depolarizing channel, can be used for reliable transmission of quantum states if two-way communication is available, but cannot be used if only one-way communication is available. We exhibit a family of codes based on universal hashing able to achieve an asymptotic Q (or D) of 1-S for simple noise models, where S is the error entropy. We also obtain a specific, simple 5-bit single-error-correcting quantum block code. We prove that iff a QECC results in high fidelity for the case of no error then the QECC can be recast into a form where the encoder is the matrix inverse of the decoder. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Delineation of built-up areas liable to flood in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies (2014)

This study used the techniques of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify the built up areas within Jimeta/Yola town that are liable to flood. Ikonos image and a topographic map covering the study area were used. Built up area was extracted from the image while an elevation model was created from the topographical map. The built up area was overlaid on the elevation model. Those within the flood plain are liable to flood while those outside the floodplain are not liable to flood. The result shows that Jambutu area in Jimeta has the highest risk of flooding; the flooded area covers 12.296 hectares. In Yola, most portion of Damare area is a flood vulnerable area. It covers an area of 1.759 hectares. The total area likely to get flooded in Jimeta/Yola town is 15.636 hectares. Keywords: Built-up area, Flood, Floodplain, Georeference, River Benue, Yola Jimeta
Influence of Ag content on mechanical and tribological behavior of DLC coatings (2013)

Ag–DLC coatings with Ag contents ranging from 1.3 at.% to 13.1 at.% were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering. The coatings were characterized with respect to their structure (by means of XRD and Raman spectroscopy), mechanical and tribological properties (by scratch test, nanoindentation, residual stress measurements and pin-on-disk test). The incorporation of 13.1 at.% Ag resulted in the formation of Ag grains of 2–3 nm which promoted the increase of graphite like bonds organized in rings. Regarding the mechanical properties, no variations were found for films with Ag contents lower than 13 at.%; a reduction of both hardness and compressive residual stress was then observed for higher values. Pin-on-disk tests were performed at two different contact pressures (690 MPa and 1180 MPa) in dry sliding conditions against a zirconia counterpart. For the lower contact pressure the variations in the wear rate are well correlated with the coating structure and mechanical properties, while for the higher contact pressure the presence of Ag is relevant and Ag–DLC coatings are showing higher wear rate than DLC one. SEM analysis revealed the formation of Ag aggregates on the wear track and adhesion of silver to the counterpart.
Magnetic quadrupole formation of elliptical sheet electron beams for high-power microwave devices (1994)

Sheet electron beams are attractive for high-power microwave sources due to their ability to transport high current, at reduced current density, through thin clearance apertures and in close proximity to walls or RF structures. This paper reports on the theoretical investigation of magnetic quadrupole formation of elliptical sheet electron beams for use in high-power microwave devices. The beam envelope equations for an initially round beam passing through a physical non-symmetric quadrupole pair in the presence of space-charge, finite beam emittance, and under the effects of third-order field components and longitudinal velocity variations are presented. The presence of space-charge compensates for over-focusing in the thin beam-dimension and allows for the formation of highly elliptic sheet electron beams. As an example, the results of our study were applied to an existing Pierce gun source with a beam radius of 0.6 cm, beam energy of 10 keV and current density of 2.0 A/cm/sup 2/. We find that an elliptical beam with major radius r/sub a/=3.61 cm, minor radius r/sub b/=0.16 cm and ellipticity (r/sub a//r/sub b/) of 22.5 can be produced with only modest quadrupole gradients of 64 G/cm and 18 G/cm. Quadrupole formation of elliptical sheet-beams may be particularly suited for experimental research applications since existing round-beam electron guns may be used and changes in beam ellipticity may be made without breaking the vacuum system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PW-05 STUDY ON EXHAUST SYSTEM IN AEROSTATIC THRUST BEARINGS FOR HIGH VACUUM CHAMBER (2003)

This paper theoretically investigates the performance of the seal system of aerostatic thrust bearings used in a high vacuum chamber. This thrust bearing has several stages of viscous seals and exhaust grooves around it. Each exhaust groove is connected to a separate vacuum pump in order to achieve a vacuum chamber pressure of less than (10)^3 Pa. The vacuum chamber pressure is affected by various design parameters such as seal gap, seal length and conductance of exhaust tubes. In this paper, the influences of these design parameters on the vacuum chamber pressure are discussed.
The Multiple Faces of Host Defence Peptides and Proteins (2012)

AMPs can reduce proinflammatory responses, hence preventing the cytokine storm and organ damage seen during sepsis. AMPs may also act by other more subtle cell-specific mechanisms. For example, they may interfere with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognition system by disturbing the local membrane environment of the receptor, modifying its activation state, and leading to the suppression of cytokine production and the modulation of the inflammatory response. Increased knowledge of the structural prerequisites for LPS and/or cell interactions could lead to the development of new drugs to neutralize and modulate the endotoxic activities of LPS.  -Defensins comprise one of the largest groups of HDPs, found in the skin and on other epithelial surfaces. These cysteineconstrained peptides selectively kill many different microbes, including bacteria, yeasts and viruses. In recent years, multiple other roles for defensins have been uncovered. Semple and Dorin [9] review the recent advances on this important family of HDPs. With respect to their immunomodulatory actions, defensins may bind to several cell-surface receptors and enhance the immune response. Recent data, however, indicate that these molecules may also attenuate the immune response. Hence, it is apparent that defensins exAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute an extensive family of molecules which provide a first line of defence against invading microbes at epithelial surfaces as well as in blood [1–5] . It has become increasingly evident that many AMPs, such as defensins and cathelicidins, are multifunctional and mediate multiple immunomodulatory effects [6, 7] . This has motivated the broader definition, host defence peptides (HDPs), for these members of the innate immune system. The family of host defence molecules has recently been shown to encompass not only ‘classic’ AMPs, but also various bioactive peptides and proteins with antimicrobial activities. Thus, a complex picture is emerging where a temporospatial expression of multiple host defence molecules not only mediates a direct interaction with microbes, but where there is simultaneous ‘tuning’ and control of various components of adaptive and innate immunity. In this issue of the Journal of Innate Immunity , we focus on various aspects of the intriguing multifunctionality of HDPs. The binding of AMPs to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical step in their antimicrobial action, but this interaction also implicates immunomodulatory roles. In the first review, contributed by Pulido et al. [8] , the various mechanisms underlying the antiendotoxic effects of many AMPs are described in detail. By neutralizing circulating endotoxins, Published online: May 22, 2012 Journal of Innate Immunity
Dynamic configuration of the computing nodes of the ALICE O<sup>2</sup> system (2016)

The ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) Collaboration is preparing major upgrades for the detectors in 2020 in order to take advantage of the increased LHC Pb-Pb collision rate of up to 50 kHz. Together with these upgrades, the ALICE Online and Offline computing systems are being redesigned and upgraded to a new common system called O <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The system is made of a software framework and a computing facility. The concept of the framework consists of online reconstruction of the data from the ALICE detector and archival of the reconstructed data from the O <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> system to permanent data storage. The design of the Control, Configuration, and Monitoring (CCM) is one of the key components of the O <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> system. This paper focuses on the configuration module that will allow dynamic configuration of processes and environment parameters during runtime. Based on the current status of each machine used as a computing node, parameters can be tuned either manually or automatically in order to achieve optimum performance, utilization and efficiency of the O <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> system.
Infection Probability Score, APACHE II and KARNOFSKY scoring systems as predictors of bloodstream infection onset in hematology-oncology patients (2010)

Between the three different prognostic scoring systems, Infection Probability Score had the best sensitivity in predicting Bloodstream Infections.
Improved antimicrobial activity of nisin-incorporated polymer films by formulation change and addition of food grade chelator (2001)

Nisin-incorporated polymers may control the growth of undesirable bacteria, thereby extending the shelf life and possibly enhancing the microbial safety of meats.
<title>Fundamental questions on print quality</title> (2006)

The concept of print quality is elusive, since it depends on objective measurable quantities such as contrast, graininess, etc., but also on the subjective appreciation of potential observers. It is far from obvious that print quality (PQ) can be defined in terms of good or bad, so that every one will agree on this definition, and the question of its measurement, with objective and subjective measures, remains open. In this Communication, we would first like to propose a set of fundamental questions related to the definition and measurement of PQ. Specifically, we are interested in the definition of PQ in terms of quality concept and quality criteria, on the minimal dimension space of PQ, and on the functional relations that should be satisfied by the metrics of PQ. In the second part, we focus on the simpler case of print mottle and try to answer some of these questions. We show that wavelet transforms can be used to obtain a measure of PQ that correlates very well with the subjective evaluation of observers and use this measure to discuss the functional form of a metric of Print Quality.
Cycloaddition approach to the curing of polyimides via precursor containing thiophene‐<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>‐dioxide (2006)

Abstract A new method for linear polymerization of maleimides via the Diels–Alder reaction has been developed. This method involves use of a new cross‐linking agent, benzene‐3,4‐dimethylenesuccinimide, which can be generated in situ from its thiophene precursor, benzene‐2,5‐dihydrothiophene‐3,4‐dicarboximide‐ S , S ‐dioxide. This new cross‐linking agent is reasonably reactive, readily prepared, and stable at room temperature. A controlled molecular weight oligomer has been synthesized and applied to the polymerization to yield a highly thermal stable polyimide. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:648–652, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20249
REACTIVE EXTRACTION OF PROPIONIC ACID USING TRI-n-OCTYLAMINE (2009)

Reactive extraction of propionic acid using tri-n-octylamine (TOA) in 1-decanol and 2-octanol was studied. Physical and chemical extractions from aqueous solution of acid were presented. The extraction of propionic acid from aqueous solutions using TOA in 1-decanol and 2-octanol, respectively, resulted in a degree of extraction as high as 92%. The effect of temperature was studied and it was found that as the temperature was raised from 305 to 353 K, KE decreased from 30.11 to 11.85 and 19.44 to 10.23 in the case of 30 and 40% TOA, respectively, in 1-decanol and 28.57 to 11.32 and 21.99 to 8.70 in the case of 30 and 40% TOA, respectively, in 2-octanol. TOA in both diluents was found to be more effective at pH values less than 4. Increasing the pH from natural pH to 7 was found to severely affect the extraction. Different salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, K2HPO4) and substrate sources (lactose and dextrose) were selected to study their effects on the reactive extraction of propionic acid. The presence of salts lowers the extraction, but substrate sources were found to have no effect on the extraction of propionic acid using TOA in either diluent. Six model solutions were prepared containing various concentrations of salts and substrate to get a real view of extraction. Extraction from the model solutions was lower than that observed in the aqueous solutions. However, the values are still high enough to have a sustainable extraction.
Simulation at the point of care: Reduced-cost, in situ training via a mobile cart (2009)

By bringing all pedagogical elements to the actual clinical environment, a mobile cart can provide simulation to hospital teams that might not otherwise benefit from the educational tool. By reducing the setup cost and the need for dedicated space, the mobile approach provides a mechanism to increase the number of institutions capable of harnessing the power of simulation-based education internationally.
Application of computational intelligence methods in modelling river flow prediction: A review (2015)

Rainfall and river flow are one of the most difficult elements of hydrological cycle to predict. This is due to tremendous range of variability it displays over a wide range of scale both in terms of space and time. The situation is further aggravated by the fact that rainfall-runoff is also very difficult to measure at scales of interest to hydrology and climatologic. Computational intelligence techniques provide efficient and fast results for modelling non-linear and complex data. Computational intelligence methods which inspired by the capability of learning that derive meaning from unknown relationship provide guidance for a sensible decision making. This advantage creates them adaptable and talented methods for modelling real world problems. This paper is an attempt to present the introduction to computational intelligence methods; applications to river flow modelling and its performance with regards to the parameter and method used. The methods include artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, evolutionary computation, support vector machine; swarm intelligence and hybrid method are critically compared mainly on computational results and prediction accuracy.
Output URL bidding (2010)

Output URL bidding is a new bidding mechanism for sponsored search, where advertisers bid on search result URLs, as opposed to keywords in the input query. For example, an advertiser may want his ad to appear whenever the search result includes the sites www.imdb.com and en.wikipedia.org, instead of bidding on keywords that lead to these sites, e.g., movie titles or actor names. In this paper we study the tradeoff between the simplicity and the specification power of output bids and we explore their utility for advertisers. We first present a model to derive output bids from existing keyword bids. Then, we use the derived bids to experimentally study output bids and contrast them to input query bids. Our main results are the following: (1) Compact output bids that mix both URLs and hosts have the same specification power as more lengthy input bids; (2) Output bidding can increase the recall of relevant queries; and (3) Output and input biding can be combined into a hybrid mechanism that combines the benefits of both.
High-definition tDCS of the temporo-parietal cortex enhances access to newly learned words (2017)

Learning associations between words and their referents is crucial for language learning in the developing and adult brain and for language re-learning after neurological injury. Non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the posterior temporo-parietal cortex has been suggested to enhance this process. However, previous studies employed standard tDCS set-ups that induce diffuse current flow in the brain, preventing the attribution of stimulation effects to the target region. This study employed high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) that allowed the current flow to be constrained to the temporo-parietal cortex, to clarify its role in novel word learning. In a sham-controlled, double-blind, between-subjects design, 50 healthy adults learned associations between legal non-words and unfamiliar object pictures. Participants were stratified by baseline learning ability on a short version of the learning paradigm and pairwise randomized to active (20 mins; N = 25) or sham (40 seconds; N = 25) HD-tDCS. Accuracy was comparable during the baseline and experimental phases in both HD-tDCS conditions. However, active HD-tDCS resulted in faster retrieval of correct word-picture pairs. Our findings corroborate the critical role of the temporo-parietal cortex in novel word learning, which has implications for current theories of language acquisition.