gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting dissatisfaction following total knee replacement (2010)

Up to 20% of patients are not satisfied with the outcome following total knee replacement (TKR). This study investigated the pre- and post-operative predictors of dissatisfaction in a large cohort of patients undergoing TKR. We assessed 1217 consecutive patients between 2006 and 2008 both before operation and six months after, using the Short-form (SF)-12 health questionnaire and the Oxford Knee Score. Detailed information concerning comorbidity was also gathered. Satisfaction was measured at one year when 18.6% (226 of 1217) of patients were unsure or dissatisfied with their replacement and 81.4% (911 of 1217) were satisfied or very satisfied. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of dissatisfaction. Significant (p < 0.001) predictors at one year included the pre-operative SF-12 mental component score, depression and pain in other joints, the six-month SF-12 score and poorer improvement in the pain element of the Oxford Knee Score. Patient expectations were highly correlated with satisfaction. Satisfaction following TKR is multifactorial. Managing the expectations and mental health of the patients may reduce dissatisfaction. However, the most significant predictor of dissatisfaction is a painful total knee replacement.
Microphone Arrays (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Speaker Tracking Conventional Microphone Arrays Conventional Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms Spherical Microphone Arrays Spherical Adaptive Algorithms Comparative Studies Comparison of Linear and Spherical Arrays for DSR Conclusions and Further Reading References
TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Pullulan and Influence of Ionic Strength and Linear Charge Density on the Dimensions of the Obtained Polyelectrolyte Chains (1996)

The applied pH during the TEMPO-mediated (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) oxidation of the polysaccharide pullulan has a substantial influence on the molar mass distribution of the products. The least degradation was found in the pH range 9.2−9.7 and especially at higher pH, significant degradation occurs due to β-elimination. Four samples were prepared at pH 9.4 with different degrees of oxidation and the influence of the charge parameter ξ on the rms radius of gyration at various ionic strengths (Cs) was determined with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using a multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) detection system. Experimental values were compared to values obtained with the wormlike chain model for polyelectrolytes in combination with excluded-volume theory. The ionic strength−linear charge density dependence of the rms radius of gyration is quite accurately described, whereas the prediction of its absolute value is more problematic for lack of a quantitative description of solvent quality. However, very reasonable values for the rms radii of gyration are obtained using eq 15, originally derived as a scaling relation. Furthermore, it is shown that there is no discrepancy between the apparent persistence length, proportional to ξ/Cs1/2, and the real persistence length, proportional to ξ2/Cs, when excluded-volume effects are accounted for.
Determination of the stoichiometry of CuxInySez by total-reflection XRF (2001)

A rapid and accurate total-reflection XRF method was developed in order to determine the absolute stoichiometry of ternary compounds of the type Cu∶In∶Se. The method was used to determine the composition of the synthesised compounds CuxInyS ez(CIS). Three compounds were synthesised with different atomic proportions x∶y∶z; 1∶3∶5, 2∶4∶7 and the no stoichiometric phase 1∶2.5∶4.75. The results obtained showed a systematic deficiency of In and an increment of Se with respect to the stoichiometric formula.
The feasibility of a piecewise‐linear dynamic bowtie filter (2013)

A dynamic bowtie producing a time-dependent, piecewise-linear attenuation profile is possible and can be used to modulate the flux of the scanner to the imaging task. Initial simulations show a large reduction in dynamic range. Several other applications are possible.
Untersuchungen zum Mechanismus der Urinverdünnung beim Menschen (1964)

Ergebnisse physiologischer Forschung haben in den letzten Jahren zu einem besseren Verständnis renaler Partialfunktionen geführt. Die meisten dieser Beobachtungen entstammen jedoch dem Tierversuch und sind zum großen Teil sogar unter Narkosebedingungen erhoben, so daß eine Extrapolation auf die Verhältnisse beim Menschen nicht ohne weiteres gerechtfertigt erscheint. Sollte jedoch die Prüfung der Hypothesen ergeben, daß sich die menschliche Niere gleich oder ähnlich verhält, so könnten die Grundlagen für weitere Möglichkeiten einer Diagnostik von isolierten Funktionsabweichungen geschaffen werden. Zur Klärung dieser Frage haben wir uns mit den Vorgängen des renalen Verdünnungsmechanismus während einer Wasserbelastung an gesunden Menschen beschäftigt.
The rGel/BLyS Fusion Toxin Inhibits Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo (2010)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and accounts for 30%to 40%of NHL. Molecules targeting nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) are expected to be of therapeutic value in those tumors where NF-kappaB seems to play a unique survival role such as activated B-cell (ABC)-subtype DLBCL. We previously generated a rGel/BLyS fusion toxin for receptor-mediated delivery of the rGel toxin specifically to malignant B cells. In this study, we examined this fusion toxin for its ability to suppress DLBCL growth in vitro and in vivo. rGel/BLyS was specifically cytotoxic to DLBCL lines expressing all three BLyS receptors and constitutively active NF-kappaB. Treatment with rGel/BLyS induced down-regulation of the phosphorylation of inhibitory subunit of NF-kappaB (IkappaB-alpha), inhibition of NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity, and accumulation of IkappaB-alpha. In agreement with these results, we additionally found that rGel/BLyS downregulated levels of several NF-kappaB targets including Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, survivin, and x-chromosome linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis. Treatment also induced up-regulation of Bax and apoptosis through caspase-3 activation and poly ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage. Importantly, rGel/BLyS significantly inhibited tumor growth (P < .05) in a DLBCL xenograft model. Thus, our results indicate that rGel/BLyS is an excellent candidate for the treatment of aggressive NHLs that are both dependent on NF-kappaB and are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic regimens.
Selective Blocking of Voltage-Gated K+ Channels Improves Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Inhibits T Cell Activation (2001)

Kaliotoxin (KTX), a blocker of voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv), is highly selective for Kv1.1 and Kv1.3. First, Kv1.3 is expressed by T lymphocytes. Blockers of Kv1.3 inhibit T lymphocyte activation. Second, Kv1.1 is found in paranodal regions of axons in the central nervous system. Kv blockers improve the impaired neuronal conduction of demyelinated axons in vitro and potentiate the synaptic transmission. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic properties of KTX via its immunosuppressive and symptomatic neurological effects, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis. The T line cells used to induce adoptive EAE were myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific, constitutively contained mRNA for Kv1.3. and expressed Kv1.3. These channels were shown to be blocked by KTX. Activation is a crucial step for MBP T cells to become encephalitogenic. The addition of KTX during Ag-T cell activation led to a great reduction in the MBP T cell proliferative response, in the production of IL-2 and TNF, and in Ca(2+) influx. Furthermore, the addition of KTX during T cell activation in vitro led a decreased encephalitogenicity of MBP T cells. Moreover, KTX injected into Lewis rats impaired T cell function such as the delayed-type hypersensitivity. Lastly, the administration of this blocker of neuronal and lymphocyte channels to Lewis rats improved the symptoms of EAE. We conclude that KTX is a potent immunosuppressive agent with beneficial effects on the neurological symptoms of EAE.
The Child as Thinker: The Development and Acquisition of Cognition in Childhood (1993)

List of figues and tables. Introduction. Descriptive studies of children's cognitive skills and knowledge. Individual differences in cognitive development. Models of cognition in childhood: metaphors, achievements and problems. Causes of change and variation in cognitive development. Questions, Problems - and possibilities. Bibliography. Name Index. Subject Index.
Adaptive allocation of human visual working memory capacity during statistical and categorical learning (2019)

Human brains are finite, and thus have bounded capacity. An efficient strategy for a capacity-limited agent is to continuously adapt by dynamically reallocating capacity in a task-dependent manner. Here we study this strategy in the context of visual working memory (VWM). People use their VWM stores to remember visual information over seconds or minutes. However, their memory performances are often error-prone, presumably due to VWM capacity limits. We hypothesize that people attempt to be flexible and robust by strategically reallocating their limited VWM capacity based on two factors: (a) the statistical regularities (e.g., stimulus feature means and variances) of the to-be-remembered items, and (b) the requirements of the task that they are attempting to perform. The latter specifies, for example, which types of errors are costly versus irrelevant for task performance. These hypotheses are formalized within a normative computational modeling framework based on rate-distortion theory, an extension of conventional Bayesian approaches that uses information theory to study rate-limited (or capacity-limited) processes. Using images of plants that are naturalistic and precisely controlled, we carried out two sets of experiments. Experiment 1 found that when a stimulus dimension (the widths of plants' leaves) was assigned a distribution, subjects adapted their VWM performances based on this distribution. Experiment 2 found that when one stimulus dimension (e.g., leaf width) was relevant for distinguishing plant categories but another dimension (leaf angle) was irrelevant, subjects' responses in a memory task became relatively more sensitive to the relevant stimulus dimension. Together, these results illustrate the task-dependent robustness of VWM, thereby highlighting the dependence of memory on learning.
Seebeck coefficient of thermoelectric molecular junctions: First-principles calculations (2009)

A first-principles approach is presented for the thermoelectricity in molecular junctions formed by a single molecule contact. The study investigates the Seebeck coefficient considering the source-drain electrodes with distinct temperatures and chemical potentials in a three-terminal geometry junction. We compare the Seebeck coefficient in the amino-substituted and unsubstituted butanethiol junctions and observe interesting thermoelectric properties in the amino-substituted junction. Due to the novel states around the Fermi levels introduced by the amino substitution, the Seebeck coefficient could be easily modulated by using gate voltages and biases. When the temperature in one of the electrodes is fixed, the Seebeck coefficient varies significantly with the temperature in the other electrode and such dependence could be modulated by varying the gate voltages. As the biases increase, richer features in the Seebeck coefficient are observed, which are closely related to the transmission functions in the vicinity of the left and right Fermi levels.
Amino group reactions of the sulfhydryl reagent methyl methanesulfonothioate. Inactivation of <scp>D</scp>-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and reaction with amines in water (1980)

Methyl methanesulfonothioate (MMTS) has been used as a sulfhydryl reagent. However, it inactivates D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in a manner that suggests that an amino group may have reacted with the reagent. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of solutions of glycylglycine, glycine ethyl ester, and imidazole with MMTS indicates that a reaction occurs which produces what is identified by its NMR signal as the methylsulfenamide of the amine. It is suggested that caution should be used when MMTS is employed where reaction with an amine could give an undesired product.
In situ amplification of measles virus RNA by the self-sustained sequence replication reaction. (1995)

A significant amount of amplification of RNA is possible with in situ 3SR (IS-3SR) and, in combination with ISH, offers several advantages compared with in situ PCR (IS-PCR), such as ease of use, lack of conditions that lead to cell damage, and a specificity for RNA amplification. This is the first report of specific amplification of RNA within cells using the IS-3SR procedure, a technique that has a wide range of potential applications in pathology and molecular biology.
SYNTHESIS AND LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PROPERTIES OF 4,4'-DISUBSTITUTED BIPHENYLS (1975)

New substances of the type of unsymmetrical substituted biphenyls R1[MATH]R2 with R1 or R2 = n-alkyl, n-alkoxy and H-alkanoyl were synthezised. Miscibility measurements in binary systems, texture observation and comparative studies of the trends of the transition temperatures in homologous series yield a classification of the phase types. In the 4-n-alkyloxy-4'-n-alkanoylbiphenyls the smectic phase types A and E in the new variant SE, I and the variant SE, SA, I occur. The 4-n-alkyl-4'-n-hexanoylbiphenyls show the polymorphism SA, I and SB, SA, I. In the 4-n-hexyloxy-4'-n-hexylbiphenyl the new variant of polymorphism SE, SB, I exists.
Molecular basis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. (1999)

Recent studies have identified the genes mutated in the two major forms of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, PKD1 and PKD2. The PKD1 gene product is likely to be a very large membrane-associated glycoprotein that functions as a receptor for cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions. PKD2 has significant homology to the family of voltage-activated calcium channels. Both proteins are expressed in the developing kidney and appear to have an overlapping pattern of expression. Several studies suggest that the gene products are interacting partners of a signaling pathway. Studies of human tissue suggest a two-hit genetic mechanism is responsible for both forms of the disease. Consistent with this hypothesis, murine models engineered with loss-of-function mutations of Pkd1 or Pkd2 develop cystic disease in the homozygous state. In these animals, renal development proceeds normally through day 15, at approximately which time renal cysts begin to form. The studies suggest an essential role for the PKD proteins in regulating later stages of tubular maturation. The animal models will be useful resources for defining the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and testing various therapeutic interventions. The two-hit model has potentially important clinical implications.
New technique for coprecipitation of organic dye with polymer under high vacuum (1994)

A new technique for coprecipitation of organic dye with polymer using high vacuum (HV) conditions has been developed. Rapid evaporation of solvents from a solution of dye dissolved polymer under HV is essential for controlling the association of dye molecules in the solidified polymer matrices in contrast to a slow evaporation method under atmospheric conditions. Varied sizes of the association in densely dissolved dye/polymer systems have been experimentally observed.
Chronic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activates Unfolded Protein Response in Arterial Endothelium in Regions of Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis (2009)

The findings demonstrate the prevalence of chronic endothelial ER stress and activated unfolded protein response in vivo at atherosusceptible arterial sites. We propose that chronic localized biological stress is linked to spatial susceptibility of the endothelium to the initiation of atherosclerosis.
Power measurement using the wavelet transform (1998)

This paper provides the theoretical basis for and demonstrates the practical application of power/energy and rms measurements directly from the wavelet transform data associated with each voltage current element pair. The advantage of using the wavelet transform data directly is that it provides the distribution of the power and energy with respect to the individual frequency bands associated with each level of the wavelet analysis. Frequency separation into the various wavelet levels is achieved using IIR filters because their magnitude characteristics are much better than typical FIR filters of equivalent complexity. The IIR polyphase network strategy yields a simpler wavelet filter bank design.
Augmenting Code with In Situ Visualizations to Aid Program Understanding (2018)

Programmers must draw explicit connections between their code and runtime state to properly assess the correctness of their programs. However, debugging tools often decouple the program state from the source code and require explicitly invoked views to bridge the rift between program editing and program understanding. To unobtrusively reveal runtime behavior during both normal execution and debugging, we contribute techniques for visualizing program variables directly within the source code. We describe a design space and placement criteria for embedded visualizations. We evaluate our in situ visualizations in an editor for the Vega visualization grammar. Compared to a baseline development environment, novice Vega users improve their overall task grade by about 2 points when using the in situ visualizations and exhibit significant positive effects on their self-reported speed and accuracy.
Cost of ICU sedation: comparison of empirical and controlled sedation methods. (1994)

A randomised crossover study was undertaken to compare the quality and cost of controlled versus empirical sedation with midazolam in critically ill patients. Patients (n = 40) entering the ICU were enrolled provided they satisfied the strict entry criteria. During 90 hours of midazolam sedation, patients received randomly allocated 10-hour periods of controlled or empirical sedation. With empirical sedation, the mean dose of midazolam and the cost of sedation were almost double those with controlled sedation. The quality of sedation was superior with the controlled method. In a separate study on 352 patients, a cost-benefit analysis of controlled sedation with midazolam or propofol infusion or bolus injections of morphine plus diazepam showed that the quality of sedation achieved with propofol was superior to the other two regimens and that, with morphine plus diazepam, the quality of sedation was unacceptably poor. Although the direct purchase price of propofol was higher than that of other agents, the total cost of sedation with propofol was lower than that for midazolam for short-term intensive care (less than 24 hours) and comparable to midazolam for longer-term use. However, indirect benefits of sedation with propofol include a much shorter ICU stay with the attendant reduced nursing costs and greater throughout the patients, and this more than compensates for the higher purchase price of the agent.
35.3: Resolution Enhancement Based on Shifted Superposition (2015)

We propose a resolution enhancement approach called Shifted Superposition (SSPOS) to project high‐resolution content using a low‐resolution projection system with an opto‐mechanical image shifter. Given a high‐resolution source, SSPOS learns a set of optimum spatially shifted low‐resolution (i.e., the native projector resolution) images whose superimposed projection can reproduce the high‐resolution content on the screen. Extensive evaluations using a variety of metrics demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed SSPOS.
On the foundations of artificial workload design (1984)

The principles on which artificial workload model design is currently based are reviewed. Design methods are found wanting for three main reasons: their resource orientation, with the selection of resources often unrelated to the performance impact of resource demands; their avoiding to define an accuracy criterion for the resulting workload model; and their ignoring the dynamics of the workload to be modeled. An attempt at establishing conceptual foundations for the design of interactive artificial workloads is described. The problems found in current design methods are taken into account, and sufficient conditions for the applicability of these methods are determined. The study also provides guidance for some of the decisions to be made in workload model design using one of the current methods.
Noninvasive Autoregulation Monitoring with and without Intracranial Pressure in the Naïve Piglet Brain (2010)

The use of ABP instead of CPP for autoregulation monitoring in the naïve brain with COx results in a higher threshold value to discriminate ABP above from ABP below the LLA. However, accuracy was similar with the 2 methods. These findings support and refine the use of near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor autoregulation in patients without ICP monitors.
Endophytic<i>Bacillus</i>sp. Isolated from the Interior of Balloon Flower Root (2002)

A bacterial strain, designated CY22, was isolated from the interior of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) root in the Republic of Korea. The isolate coproduced an iturin-like antifungal compound and a surfactin-like potent biosurfactant. Analysis of the 16S-rDNA of strain CY22 showed that the isolate was a member of Bacillus. High similarities were observed between strain CY22 and Bacillus sp. TKSP 24, and between strain CY22 and B. subtilis 168. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S-rDNA sequences showed that strain CY22 was closely related to Bacillus sp. The main whole-cell fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (37%), C17:0 (5.1%), and iso-C15:0 (27.7%). DNA G+C content was 54 mol%. Based on phylogenetic inference, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, this endophytic strain Bacillus sp. CY22 was assigned to the genus Bacillus.
Statistical parsing based on Maximal Noun Phrase pre-processing (2010)

According to the characteristics of Chinese language, this paper proposes a statistical parsing method based on Maximal Noun Phrase (MNP) per-processing. MNP parsing is preferable to be separated from parsing of the full sentence. Firstly, MNP in a sentence are identified; next, MNP can be represented by the head of MNP, and then the sentence is parsed with the head of the MNP. Therefore, the original sentence is divided into two parts, which can be parsed separately. The first part is MNP parsing; the second part is parsing of the sentence in which the MNP are replaced by their head words. Finally, the paper takes Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) as the statistical recognition model of each level in syntactic parsing process.
How to Deal with Azerbaijan's Oil Boom? Policy Strategies in a Resource-Rich Transition Economy (1998)

The petroleum-rich former Soviet republics around the Caspian Sea face the dual challenge of managing the transition to a market economy and a booming resource sector.This paper examines this challenge with particular reference to Azerbaijan.The standard "Dutch disease" model is modified to capture the special conditions of transition economies, with specific attention to the pattern of real exchange rate movement."Transition factors" are found to add to the speed of real appreciation.Non-oil sectors may suffer, but less through the real appreciation than through transition-specific structural problems.The paper describes a medium-term policy strategy for Azerbaijan, relating its prospects to the experience in the 1970s of Ecuador, Indonesia, and Nigeria.The adverse effects of the Dutch disease may be avoided if Azerbaijan pursues policies to promote savings and open trade, and strengthens the supply side through structural policies.