gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cocurrent gas‐liquid flow in horizontal tubes with internal spiral ribs (1969)

Abstract The flow of air‐liquid mixtures has been investigated in 3/4‐inch internal diameter Lucite tubes fitted with continuous spiral ribs having pitch‐to‐diameter ratios of 1.57 and 2.79. Descriptions and photographs of the flow patterns are presented for reasonably wide ranges of gas and liquid flow rates. The main effect of the spiral rib was to move the gas phase away from the tube walls. The flow patterns were classified as bubble, plug, slug‐stratified, slug‐semiannular and slug‐annular. The pressure gradient data were successfully correlated with the Lockhart‐Martinelli parameters, although the resulting curves showed small displacements from the Lockhart‐Martinelli correlation for smooth tubes.
Organic Reactions of Ionic Intermediates Promoted by Atmospheric‐Pressure Thermal Activation (2008)

A mild-mannered process: Novel methodology, in which electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI, see schematic diagram) is used as the proton source, has been used to generate ionic reaction intermediates whose conversion into products can be promoted by atmospheric-pressure thermal activation. Reactions performed under these mild conditions include Borsche–Drechsel cyclization, Fischer indole synthesis, and pinacol rearrangement.
Report on Alcoholic Beverages (1938)

Journal Article Report on Alcoholic Beverages Get access J W Sale J W Sale Referee U. S. Food and Drug Administration,Washington, D. C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 21, Issue 2, 1 May 1938, Pages 159–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/21.2.159 Published: 18 February 2020
Object-oriented Specification of Supplementary Telephone Services (1990)

A major obstacle to Implementing supplementary telephone services is service interaction. Applications in switching systems, unlike applications in some software systems, care not isolated from each other, making it difficult to develop applications independently. This paper gives examples of Object-Z specifications of supplementary services. It shows how modifications can change the properties of the system so that existing services can be adversely affected.
Focal hippocampal gain of NGF function elicits specific septal cholinergic reorganization (1999)

The influence of NGF on the neuroanatomic substrate(s) subserving learning and memory was probed by somatic mosaic analysis. NGF XAT mice underwent unilateral hippocampal delivery of virus vector expressing cre recombinase to produce focal NGF gain of function mosaics. Activated mice expressing increased NGF, but not control mice transduced with the lacZ gene showed reorganization of the septohippocampal projection assessed by retrograde labeling with Fluorogold (FG). Mice mosaic for NGF function demonstrated in ipsilateral medial septum and diagonal band significant increases in FG-labeled cell bodies (94%), ChAT-labeled cells (55%), double-positive cells (190%) and increased somal size of double-positive cells (56%) than did non-activated mice. These results indicate that reorganization of the cholinergic septal input to a specific hippocampal region is promoted by gain of NGF function.
Evaluation of a Microkeratome-based Limbal Harvester Device for Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation (2002)

Cut reproducibility and quality are similar to those found using standard microkeratomes for corneal lamellar cuts. This system ensures, in a straightforward way, the presence of epithelial cells in the edges of a mechanical sclerokeratectomy for limbal stem cell transplantation.
Challenges in the Syntheses of Peptidic Natural Products (2012)

Peptidic natural products are commonly perceived as ‘simple’ molecules that are easily accessible by standard methods. This review sets out to demonstrate that the total synthesis of peptidic natural products is far from being ‘standard’ and highly elaborate methodologies paired with careful synthesis planning are required to attain their often complex structures. 1 Introduction 2 Peptide Synthesis with Amino Acids Incompatible with ‘Standard’ Peptide Synthesis Conditions: The Synthesis of Feglymycin and Tubulysin D 3 Macrocyclizations as Pitfalls in the Synthesis of Cyclo(depsi)peptides: The Synthesis of Largazole 4 Synthesis of Cyclo(depsi)peptides via Carbon–Carbon Bond-Forming Macrocyclizations: The Synthesis of Chondramide C and Syringolin A 5 Control of Atropisomerism in Side-Chain-Cyclized Peptidic Natural Products: The Synthesis of Chloropeptin, Complestatin (Chloropeptin II) and Isocomplestatin 6 Solid-Phase Syntheses of Peptidic Natural Products: The Synthesis of Oxathiocoraline and Symplocamide A 7 Structural Complexity as a Challenge: The Synthesis of Kapakahines 8 Conclusions
Efficient linear optical quantum computation (2004)

We introduce a new scheme for linear optics quantum computation, with a much greater degree of efficiency and a simpler implementation than previous proposals. We follow the "cluster state" measurement based quantum computational approach, and show how cluster states may be efficiently generated from pairs of maximally polarization entangled photons using linear optical elements, most importantly polarizing beam splitters and photon counters.
The effect of therapeutic touch on behavioral symptoms of persons with dementia. (2005)

Therapeutic touch offers a nonpharmacological, clinically relevant modality that could be used to decrease behavioral symptoms of dementia, specifically manual manipulation (restlessness) and vocalization, two prevalent behaviors.
On the Generalization of Equivariance and Convolution in Neural Networks to the Action of Compact Groups (2018)

Convolutional neural networks have been extremely successful in the image recognition domain because they ensure equivariance to translations. There have been many recent attempts to generalize this framework to other domains, including graphs and data lying on manifolds. In this paper we give a rigorous, theoretical treatment of convolution and equivariance in neural networks with respect to not just translations, but the action of any compact group. Our main result is to prove that (given some natural constraints) convolutional structure is not just a sufficient, but also a necessary condition for equivariance to the action of a compact group. Our exposition makes use of concepts from representation theory and noncommutative harmonic analysis and derives new generalized convolution formulae.
Revaporization of Butane and Pentane from Sand (1949)

Abstract A study of the behavior of retrograde condensation from gas mixtures wasmade in the presence and absence of sand in order to determine if the condensedliquid would revaporize in the presence of sand. Methane-butane andmethane-pentane mixtures that would form liquids by retrograde condensationwhen produced from a constant volume cell were used. The methane-butane mixtures of similar composition were produced by threedifferent methods. The first two were charged into an empty cell and wereproduced in one case within a period of 9 hr and in the other within a periodof 3 days. The third mixture was charged to a sand-packed cell and producedwithin a period of 9 hr. The curves relating composition of the produced gas topressure obtained from these experiments show that equilibrium was maintainedas long as liquid was condensing. However, during the portion of the pressuredecline where the condensed liquid should be revaporizing, equilibrium wasmaintained only when the mixture was produced from the sand-packed cell. The methane-pentane mixture is produced only in the presence of sand. Thedata obtained for this system also show that equilibrium is maintained at alltimes during the pressure decline. These results indicate that revaporization is aided rather than prevented bythe fact that the condensate" wets the sand." Introduction The significance to the petroleum industry of the behavior of hydrocarbonsin the retrograde region is becoming increasingly important because a largepercentage of reservoirs being discovered today are of the gas-condensate type.The important characteristic of a gas-condensate reservoir is the retrogradecondensation of a liquid phase throughout the reservoir if the pressure isallowed to decline. In order to prevent the loss of this retrograde liquid insome of these reservoirs, they are "cycled"; that is, the materialproduced from the reservoir is processed to remove the heavier hydrocarbons andthe light fractions are returned to the reservoir to maintain the reservoirpressure. Another method of producing these reservoirs is pressure depletion.There are other methods but they are not in general use. Although a large number of factors are involved in determining the optimummethod of producing a reservoir, only the problem of whether the retrogradecondensate resulting from pressure depletion will revaporize from sand atequilibrium conditions is considered in this paper. Also the data are limitedto the methane-n-butane and the methane-n-pentane systems at 100'F and one typeof sand. Three types of tests were run in order to compare the revaporization ofretrograde liquid formed in a cell with that formed in a sand-packed cell, andto establish the effect of time. T.P. 2467
Development of a dual luciferase reporter screening assay for the detection of synthetic glucocorticoids in animal tissues (2003)

Synthetic glucocorticoids belong to the most frequently administered drugs in livestock production. These synthetic hormones are employed for therapeutic purposes against inflammatory reactions, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, bovine ketosis and many other diseases of farm animals. A widespread illegal use of synthetic glucocorticoids to improve feed intake and weight gain has also been observed. To enforce the residue limits imposed on glucocorticoid drugs and preclude their illicit administration as growth promoters, it is necessary to establish high throughput analytical methods that can be applied to the screening of animal tissues. Here, we developed a dual luciferase reporter assay that detects residues or contaminants with glucocorticoid activity. This screening assay is performed by transfection of human cell lines with two reporter constructs followed by the measurement of two distinct luminescence signals, one of which serves as internal control to correct for assay variabilities and unspecific matrix effects. The limit of detection (1.25 microg for dexamethasone in liver) depends on the biological potency of each synthetic glucocorticoid but, with all drugs tested, the maximal response reaches a 20 to 30 fold induction of luciferase activity. In combination with an appropriate sample clean-up method (recovery of 82%), this luciferase assay has been applied to the analysis of liver samples from calves treated with a single therapeutic injection of either dexamethasone or flumethasone. Thus, the dual luciferase reporter assay provides a new screening tool to detect unwanted glucocorticoid activities in animal tissues or other crude biological samples without knowledge of the precise chemical entity of the parent compounds or their metabolites.
Direct neuro-adaptive control of robot manipulators (2003)

The authors present a method for the adaptive control of a robot arm based on a feedforward neural network. The method is based on the backpropagation algorithm. Backpropagation is used within a learning by reinforcement framework instead of learning by teaching. A neural network is used to estimate the adaptive control law based only on an error signal resulting from the deviation between the desired position, velocity, and acceleration inputs to the robot inverse model and those generated by the robot system. The proposed method does not require any explicit parameter estimation of robot parameters. A cylindrical three-degree-of-freedom robot arm was simulated to demonstrate the control algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Access Mechanism in Wireless Powered Communication Networks With Harvesting Access Point (2018)

In this paper, we consider a relay-enabled wireless-powered communication network (WPCN), consisting of a relay-hybrid access point (RHAP), harvesting and transmitting nodes, and a base station (BS). Contrary to conventional networks, the nodes rely on the energy signal of the RHAP to harvest energy, and they transmit information to the BS via the RHAP. The nodes work on the principle of harvest-transmitto-cooperate protocol, in which a node harvests energy from a power source in the downlink and transfers information to a relay in the uplink to convey data to the BS. In this paper, we propose a new distributed medium access control (MAC) mechanism in a relay WPCN, based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance, a binary exponential random backoff mechanism. In the proposed scheme, the nodes and the RHAP contend to access the channel with different contention window sizes. Furthermore, the RHAP is given more preference to access the channel by giving a smaller contention window size than the nodes. We propose a Markov chain model for the proposed-MAC and a Markov chain model for the energy states of the nodes. It models the behavior of changing states between energy harvesting and data transmission. The analysis and simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed MAC in terms of throughput and energy efficiency.
OVERFIRE AIR SYSTEM IMPROVES BIOMASS STOKER BOILER OPERATION (2011)

A NEW OFA (overfire air) system was installed on a co-fired stoker coal/bagasse boiler in a Colombian pulp and paper mill. The main objectives were to reduce particulate emissions and increase thermal efficiency. Preliminary results indicate that these improvements in boiler efficiency have been achieved. Emissions compliance testing has not yet been carried out, but stack opacity is reduced. The apparent increased efficiency has enabled firing of more biomass to displace coal, another aim of the project.
Teleoperation of Space Robots for Antenna Assembling Experiment on ETS-VII (1998)

Antenna assembly using space robots is an effective method for pro-ducing large antennas in space, in addition to inflatable antennas and deployable antennas, and offers several advantages over these latter two ap-proaches. At Communications Research Laboratory (CRL), such assembled antennas have been developed as a means to achieve large space antennas, and the first on-board experiments were performed on Engineering Test Sat-ellite VII (ETS-VII) , which was launched in 1997. In this paper, we outline the antenna-assembly experiment on ETS-VII and our teleoperation system. 1
Transcriptional profiling identifies novel regulators of macrophage polarization (2018)

Macrophages are key inflammatory immune cells that display dynamic phenotypes and functions in response to their local microenvironment. Major advances have occurred in understanding the transcriptional, epigenetic, and functional differences in various macrophage subsets by in vitro modeling and gene expression and epigenetic profiling for biomarker discovery. However, there is still no standardized protocol for macrophage polarization largely due to the lack of thorough validation of macrophage phenotypes following polarization. In addition, transcriptional regulation is recognized as a major mechanism governing differential macrophage polarization programs and as such, many genes have been identified to be associated with each macrophage subset. However, the functional role of many of these genes in macrophage polarization is still unknown. Moreover, the role of other regulatory mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, in macrophage polarization remains poorly understood. Here, we employed an optimized model of human M1 and M2 macrophage polarization which we used for large-scale transcriptional and DNA methylation profiling. We were unable to demonstrate a role for DNA methylation in macrophage polarization, as no significant changes were identified. However, we observed significant changes in the transcriptomes of M1 and M2 macrophages. Additionally, we identified numerous novel differentially regulated genes involved in macrophage polarization, including CYBB and DHCR7 which we show as important regulators of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization, respectively. Taken together, our improved in vitro human M1 and M2 macrophage model provides new understandings of the regulation of macrophage polarization and candidate macrophage biomarkers.
Effect of Drain Doping Profile on Double-Gate Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor and its Influence on Device RF Performance (2014)

In this paper, we have investigated the effect of drain doping profile on a double-gate tunnel field-effect transistor (DG-TFET) and its radio-frequency (RF) performances. Lateral asymmetric drain doping profile suppresses the ambipolar behavior, improves OFF-state current, reduces the gate-drain capacitance, and improves the RF performance. Further, placing the high-density layer in the channel near the source-channel junction, a reduction in the width of depletion region, improvement in ON-state current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ), and subthreshold slope are analyzed for this asymmetric drain doping. However, it also improves many RF figures of merit for the DG-TFET. Furthermore, lateral asymmetric doping effects on RF performances are also checked for the various channel length. Therefore, this paper would be beneficial for a new generation of RF circuits and systems in a broad range of applications and operating frequencies covering RF spectrum. So, the RF figures of merit for the DG-TFET are analyzed in terms of transconductance (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ), unit-gain cutoff frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ), maximum frequency of oscillation (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ), and gain bandwidth product. For this, the RF figures of merit have been extracted from the V-parameter matrix generated by performing the small-signal ac analysis. Technology computer-aided design simulations have been performed by 2-D ATLAS, Silvaco International, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
55 Ghz Polysilicon-Emitter Graded Sige-Base Pnp Transistors (1991)

SiGe-Base PNP transistors with dramatically reduced valence band barrier effects on the DC and AC characteristics were fabricated with an N-type UHV/CVD epitaxial base in a polysilicon emitter technology.
Growth of Islamic Banking in Pakistan: A Comparative Study (2012)

The study focused on the growth of Islamic banking in Pakistan in terms of its Deposits, Investments, Assets and Owners Equity for the period from 2004 to 2009. The horizontal analysis technique was used to determine the growth rates of Islamic and conventional banks while t-test was used for statistical significance. The growth rate of Islamic banking was higher than its traditional counterpart in Deposits, Investments, Assets and Owners Equity. The growth rates of deposits and Assets of Islamic bank were statistically significant, whereas growth rates in investments and Owners equity were found statistically insignificant. Keywords: Islamic Banking; Growth Rates; Deposits, Investments; Assets; Owners Equity
Copper source/drain electrode contact resistance effects in amorphous indium–gallium–zinc‐oxide thin film transistors (2009)

Abstract This paper focuses on the viability of low‐resistivity electrode material (Cu) for source/drain electrodes in thin film transistors (TFTs). The effective resistances between Cu source/drain electrodes and amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors were examined. Intrinsic TFT parameters were extracted by the transmission line method (TLM) using a series of TFTs with different channel lengths measured at a low source/drain voltage. The TFTs fabricated with Cu source/drain electrodes showed good transfer characteristics with a field‐effect mobility of 9.64 cm 2 /Vs, and good output characteristics with steep rise in the low V DS region. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surrogate buyers and the new product adoption process: a conceptualization and managerial framework (1997)

Models the role and impact of a relatively new intermediary, the surrogate buyers, on the new product adoption process. Existing diffusion models have ignored the impact of this intermediary who is becoming increasingly influential in many product categories/ purchase situations. Given the increasing product complexity and a plethora of product‐related information in the market, buyers are delegating the task of processing this information and making purchase decisions to surrogate buyers (such as wardrobe consultants, interior decorators). Examines the impact of such delegation on the adoption process. The inclusion of surrogate buyers not only makes the adoption process two‐staged, but also has other important managerial implications because of the unique characteristics of surrogate buyers. Develops a conceptual model to examine the impact of these characteristics on the adoption process and presents strategies to market new products successfully in situations where the surrogate buyers are the primary adopting units.
Nonlinear optical effects in ferrofluids induced by temperature and concentration cross coupling (1998)

Both experiment and numerical calculation were performed to study the nonlinear optical (NLO) effects in ferrofluids consisting of magnetic particles suspended in an organic solvent. We show that, in contrast to all the mechanisms responsible for NLO phenomena known so far, the novel NLO effects in ferrofluids in the zero applied field can be explained by the cross coupling between the temperature of the system and the concentration of particles through thermophoresis, which in turn leads to the spatial distribution of the refractive index. This NLO effect is enhanced by applying a moderate magnetic field whose mechanism is unclear so far.
Phase II Study of Cediranib, an Oral Pan–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma (2010)

Cediranib monotherapy for recurrent glioblastoma is associated with encouraging proportions of radiographic response, 6-month progression-free survival, and a steroid-sparing effect with manageable toxicity. We identified early changes in circulating molecules as potential biomarkers of response to cediranib. The efficacy of cediranib and the predictive value of these candidate biomarkers will be explored in prospective trials.