gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
'Microtips' fluorescent display (2002)

A novel CRT (cathode ray tube) based on cold electron emission by field effect from a matrix array of 'microtips' and on low-voltage cathodoluminescence is described. The 'microtips' display associates the main performances of the CRT with those of flat panels. Specifically, the feasibility of monochrome and full color microtips displays which associate the main performances of the CRT (speed, viewing angle, brightness, contrast, and temperature range) with a flat, ultrathin, lightweight matrix addressed structure has been demonstrated. The proposed display is potentially suitable for any flat panel application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cytologic findings in microglandular hyperplasia of the cervix (1991)

Abstract A case of florid microglandular hyperplasia of the uterine cervix that contained cells with severe atypia suggesting malignancy on a Papanicolaou smear is reviewed. Findings from 25 additional smears from patients with microglandular hyperplasia are reported. These sometimes contained glandular cells with varying degrees of atypia, but demonstrated no features specific for microglandular hyperplasia. The distinction between markedly atypical endocervical cells sometimes exfoliated from microglandular hyperplasia and those of adenocarcinoma is discussed.
Optimum camera placement by robot teams in unstructured field environments (2003)

In field environments it is not usually possible to provide robotic systems with valid/complete geometric models of the task and environment. The robot or robot teams will need to create these models by performing appropriate sensor actions. Additionally, the robot(s) will need to position their sensors in a task directed optimum way. Here, an algorithm based on iterative sensor planning and sensor redundancy is proposed to enable them to efficiently position their cameras with respect to the task/target. The method assumes stationary robotic vehicles with cameras carried by articulated mounts. The algorithm uses the measured scene information to find new camera mount poses. Simulations and experiments show the effectiveness of this algorithm.
[No Title] (1999)

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Calcification in atherosclerosis: Bone biology and chronic inflammation at the arterial crossroads (2003)

Dystrophic or ectopic mineral deposition occurs in many pathologic conditions, including atherosclerosis. Calcium mineral deposits that frequently accompany atherosclerosis are readily quantifiable radiographically, serve as a surrogate marker for the disease, and predict a higher risk of myocardial infarction and death. Accelerating research interest has been propelled by a clear need to understand how plaque structure, composition, and stability lead to devastating cardiovascular events. In atherosclerotic plaque, accumulating evidence is consistent with the notion that calcification involves the participation of arterial osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Here we summarize current models of intimal arterial plaque calcification and highlight intriguing questions that require further investigation. Because atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammation, we propose that arterial plaque calcification is best conceptualized as a convergence of bone biology with vascular inflammatory pathobiology.
Dependence of Dbl and Dbs Transformation on MEK and NF-κB Activation (1999)

Dbs was identified initially as a transforming protein and is a member of the Dbl family of proteins (>20 mammalian members). Here we show that Dbs, like its rat homolog Ost and the closely related Dbl, exhibited guanine nucleotide exchange activity for the Rho family members RhoA and Cdc42, but not Rac1, in vitro. Dbs transforming activity was blocked by specific inhibitors of RhoA and Cdc42 function, demonstrating the importance of these small GTPases in Dbs-mediated growth deregulation. Although Dbs transformation was dependent upon the structural integrity of its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, replacement of the PH domain with a membrane localization signal restored transforming activity. Thus, the PH domain of Dbs (but not Dbl) may be important in modulating association with the plasma membrane, where its GTPase substrates reside. Both Dbs and Dbl activate multiple signaling pathways that include activation of the Elk-1, Jun, and NF-kappaB transcription factors and stimulation of transcription from the cyclin D1 promoter. We found that Elk-1 and NF-kappaB, but not Jun, activation was necessary for Dbl and Dbs transformation. Finally, we have observed that Dbl and Dbs regulated transcription from the cyclin D1 promoter in a NF-kappaB-dependent manner. Previous studies have dissociated actin cytoskeletal activity from the transforming potential of RhoA and Cdc42. These observations, when taken together with those of the present study, suggest that altered gene expression, and not actin reorganization, is the critical mediator of Dbl and Rho family protein transformation.
The functional group selectivity of complex hydride reducing agents (1976)

E. R. H. Walker, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1976, 5, 23 DOI: 10.1039/CS9760500023
Mutagenic Analysis of Double-stranded RNA Adenosine Deaminase, a Candidate Enzyme for RNA Editing of Glutamate-gated Ion Channel Transcripts (1995)

Mutagenic analysis of the substrate binding and catalytic domains of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) adenosine deaminase (DRADA) was carried out. This nuclear enzyme is likely to be involved in the RNA editing of glutamate-gated ion channels that are essential for fast excitatory neurotransmission in mammalian brain. The deletion of the first or the third of the three dsRNA binding motifs within the substrate binding domain dramatically decreases enzyme activity, whereas the second motif seems to be dispensable. The results indicate that the three motifs are not functionally equivalent in the catalytic action of DRADA. Mutation of the putative zinc-coordinating residues, His910, Cys966, and Cys1036, abolished the DRADA activity. Similarly, the Glu912 residue, predicted to be involved in the proton transfer functions of the enzyme, was found to be indispensable. Our results reinforce the previous proposal that the hydrolytic deamination mechanism of DRADA may be more similar to that of the cytidine deaminases than of adenosine deaminases. Mutagenic analysis of the substrate binding and catalytic domains of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) adenosine deaminase (DRADA) was carried out. This nuclear enzyme is likely to be involved in the RNA editing of glutamate-gated ion channels that are essential for fast excitatory neurotransmission in mammalian brain. The deletion of the first or the third of the three dsRNA binding motifs within the substrate binding domain dramatically decreases enzyme activity, whereas the second motif seems to be dispensable. The results indicate that the three motifs are not functionally equivalent in the catalytic action of DRADA. Mutation of the putative zinc-coordinating residues, His910, Cys966, and Cys1036, abolished the DRADA activity. Similarly, the Glu912 residue, predicted to be involved in the proton transfer functions of the enzyme, was found to be indispensable. Our results reinforce the previous proposal that the hydrolytic deamination mechanism of DRADA may be more similar to that of the cytidine deaminases than of adenosine deaminases.
Operation and modeling of the MOS transistor (1987)

Operation and Modeling of the MOS Transistor has become a standard in academia and industry. Extensively revised and updated, the third edition of this highly acclaimed text provides a thorough treatment of the MOS transistor - the key element of modern microelectronic chips.
Identification of Tet 39, a novel class of tetracycline resistance determinant in Acinetobacter spp. of environmental and clinical origin (2005)

A novel tetracycline resistance determinant named Tet 39 was found in unrelated Acinetobacter strains isolated from freshwater trout farms (n=4) and sewage (n=6) in Denmark, and from a clinical specimen in the Netherlands (n=1). The determinant was located on transferable plasmids and consisted of tetA(39), most likely conferring resistance by active efflux, and a putative repressor gene tetR(39).
Bactericidal effect of combinations of cephalosporins with tobramycin on clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus. (1986)

The antimicrobial activities of the cephalosporins cefazolin, cefotaxime, moxalactam or ceftazidime in combination with tobramycin against clinical isolates of E. coli, of Klebsiella, of beta-lactamase-negative and beta-lactamase-producing S. aureus strains were compared in vitro by the checkerboard technique. Antibiotic dilutions differed by small arithmetic increments. Favourable interactions occurred with each bacterial species. This trend applied to third-generation cephalosporins against E. coli and Klebsiella as well as to cefazolin against S. aureus. The antibiotics with already the highest intrinsic activity generally exhibited also the most favourable interaction.
A static compliance-checking framework for business process models (2007)

Regulatory compliance of business operations is a critical problem for enterprises. As enterprises increasingly use business process management systems to automate their business processes, technologies to automatically check the compliance of process models against compliance rules are becoming important. In this paper, we present a method to improve the reliability and minimize the risk of failure of business process management systems from a compliance perspective. The proposed method allows separate modeling of both process models and compliance concerns. Business process models expressed in the Business Process Execution Language are transformed into pi-calculus and then into finite state machines. Compliance rules captured in the graphical Business Property Specification Language are translated into linear temporal logic. Thus, process models can be verified against these compliance rules by means of model-checking technology. The benefit of our method is threefold: Through the automated verification of a large set of business process models, our approach increases deployment efficiency and lowers the risk of installing noncompliant processes; it reduces the cost associated with inspecting business process models for compliance; and compliance checking may ensure compliance of new process models before their execution and thereby increase the reliability of business operations in general.
TiN/TiSi<sub>2</sub> Formation Using TiN<sub>x</sub> Layer and Its Feasibilities in ULSI (1995)

A new technique for the formation of the TiN/TiSi 2 bilayer using a TiN x layer was described. The TiN x layer was deposited by sputtering in a mixed gas atmosphere of argon and nitrogen, wherein the concentration of nitrogen was controlled to be lower than that required in the formation of stoichiometric TiN. The nitrogen atoms in the Ti matrix relaxed the mechanical stress of the deposited film and also limited the number of Ti atoms available for the interaction with the Si substrate (i.e., silicidation reaction). Upon thermal annealing, TiN x changed to the bilayer structure of TiN/TiSi 2 , in which the thickness of the overlying TiN was so great that only a rather thin TiSi 2 was formed between TiN and the Si substrate. Moreover, TiN had the (111) texture, and TiSi 2 formed on the (100)Si substrate was found to show well-aligned epitaxial properties with an extremely uniform thickness.
Silicon deficiency of tomato plant (1978)

Abstract Tomato plants were solution cultured with and without silicon, and Si deficiency symptoms were observed in the first bud flowering stage when the tomato plants had been cultured in a silicon-free solution; however, normal growth was observed in a solution with 100 ppm SiO2. To induce Si deficiency symptoms, it is necessary to culture the plant in a silicon-free solution under favorable conditions for the growth of tomato plant. Select the most suitable cultivar for the environmental conditions. Optimum temperatures with differences for day and night, high light intensity, sufficient aeration, and low planting density are key points in the development of a Si deficiency. Symptoms of Si deficiency may be summarized as follows: 1) The deficiency symptoms appear after the first bud flowering stage. 2) The leaflets of the new leaves showed malformations such as curving to the outside, warping, hardening, and sometimes thickening. 3) The growing poillt at the top was retarded in development, but did not die back as with boron deficiency. 4) The leaves were slightly yellowed, and necrotic spots appeared on the lower leaves; these spots generally spread upwards to the upper leaves. 5) In severe cases, the plant began to dry up from the lower leaves upward. 6) The silicon-free cultured plants can bloom, but often fail to pollinate; often they bear malformed fruit or no fruit. 7) The appearance (color, shape etc.) of the roots are normal. 8) Silicon-free plants already showing deficiency symptoms developed normal shoots after silicon was supplied, while silicon applied plants growing normally, developed deficiency symptoms when they were given silicon-free treatment in the flowering stage. 9) Si deficiency symptoms increased by long-day treatment and decreased by short-day treatment. From these results, we conclude that silicon has an effect on the reproductive growth of the tomato plant.
The neural signature of phosphene perception (2010)

Artificial percepts (phosphenes) can be induced by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over human visual cortex. Although phosphenes have been used to study visual awareness, the neural mechanisms generating them have not yet been delineated. We directly tested the two leading hypotheses of how phosphenes arise. These hypotheses correspond to the two competing views of the neural genesis of awareness: the early, feedforward view and the late, recurrent feedback model. We combined online TMS and EEG recordings to investigate whether the electrophysiological correlates of conscious phosphene perception are detectable early after TMS onset as an immediate local effect of TMS, or only at longer latencies, after interactions of TMS-induced activity with other visual areas. Stimulation was applied at the intensity threshold at which participants saw a phosphene on half of the trials, and brain activity was recorded simultaneously with electroencephalography. Phosphene perception was associated with a differential pattern of TMS-evoked brain potentials that started 160-200 ms after stimulation and encompassed a wide array of posterior areas. This pattern was differentiated from the TMS-evoked potential after stimulation of a control site. These findings suggest that conscious phosphene perception is not a local phenomenon, but arises only after extensive recurrent processing.
Xylanase and Xylosidase Activities in Avocado Fruit (1991)

The activities of xylanase and xylosidase were demonstrated in mature avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits from different cultivars. When monitored on the day of harvest during the season at 1-month intervals, xylanase activity decreased and xylosidase activity increased between January and February and then remained stable until May. When monitored during the ripening process (January harvest), xylanase activity was constant, and xylosidase activity reached a peak at the climax of ethylene evolution and cellulase activity. Xylanase, which originated from Trichoderma viride and was added to the medium in which avocado discs were incubated, induced ethylene evolution.
Hemodynamic changes in early pregnancy in chronically instrumented, conscious rats (1996)

It is unclear whether the trophoblast is needed for the normal early-pregnancy hemodynamic adaptation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the presence of trophoblast is not essential for the initial hemodynamic adaptation in pregnancy. To this end, we measured systemic hemodynamics in conscious pseudopregnant rats and compared the results with those obtained in a concomitantly studied control group of virgin rats as well as with a previously studied group of pregnant rats. The rats were studied daily from day 4 postmating until day 10 and on days 12, 14, 18, and 20. In pseudopregnant rats, cardiac output (CO) increased from day 5 onward, to 14 +/- 3% above the initial value by day 8. This rise in CO was entirely accomplished by a rise in stroke volume (21 +/- 4% by day 8). Mean arterial pressure did not change appreciably. Therefore, total peripheral resistance also decreased by 21 +/- 4% by day 8. Meanwhile, peak flow, aortic flow acceleration, and stroke work, indicators of myocardial performance, had increased, and the hematocrit had decreased (15 +/- 1% by day 8). Between day 10 and day 20 the hemodynamic parameters gradually returned to baseline. We conclude that systemic hemodynamic changes do take place in pseudopregnancy. They consist of a rise in CO by a rise in stroke volume, an increase in myocardial performance, and hemodilution. The observed changes closely resemble those in early normal pregnancy. Therefore, we accept our hypothesis that trophoblast is not essential for the initial hemodynamic changes in rat pregnancy.
Down-Regulation of the miRNA-200 Family at the Invasive Front of Colorectal Cancers with Degraded Basement Membrane Indicates EMT Is Involved in Cancer Progression (2013)

Cancer progression is a complex series of events thought to incorporate the reversible developmental process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro, the microRNA-200 family maintains the epithelial phenotype by posttranscriptionally inhibiting the E-cadherin repressors, ZEB1 and ZEB2. Here, we used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to assess expression of miR-200 and EMT biomarkers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human colorectal adenocarcinomas. In addition, laser capture microdissection and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were employed to quantify levels of miR-200 in the normal epithelium, tumor core, invasive front, and stroma. We find that miR-200 is downregulated at the invasive front of colorectal adenocarcinomas that have destroyed and invaded beyond the basement membrane. However, regional lymph node metastases and vascular carcinoma deposits show strong expression of miR-200, suggesting this family of miRNAs is involved in the recapitulation of the primary tumor phenotype at metastatic sites. In contrast, adenomas and adenocarcinomas with intact basement membranes showed uniform miR-200 expression from the tumor core to the tumor-host interface. Taken together, these data support the involvement of EMT and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in the metastasis cascade and show that miR-200 is downregulated in the initial stages of stromal invasion but is restored at metastatic sites.
Pan1p, End3p, and Sla1p, Three Yeast Proteins Required for Normal Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton Organization, Associate with Each Other and Play Essential Roles in Cell Wall Morphogenesis (2000)

The EH domain proteins Pan1p and End3p of budding yeast have been known to form a complex in vivo and play important roles in organization of the actin cytoskeleton and endocytosis. In this report, we describe new findings concerning the function of the Pan1p-End3p complex. First, we found that the Pan1p-End3p complex associates with Sla1p, another protein known to be required for the assembly of cortical actin structures. Sla1p interacts with the first long repeat region of Pan1p and the N-terminal EH domain of End3p, thus leaving the Pan1p-End3p interaction, which requires the second long repeat of Pan1p and the C-terminal repeat region of End3p, undisturbed. Second, Pan1p, End3p, and Sla1p are also required for normal cell wall morphogenesis. Each of the Pan1-4, sla1Delta, and end3Delta mutants displays the abnormal cell wall morphology previously reported for the act1-1 mutant. These cell wall defects are also exhibited by wild-type cells overproducing the C-terminal region of Sla1p that is responsible for interactions with Pan1p and End3p. These results indicate that the functions of Pan1p, End3p, and Sla1p in cell wall morphogenesis may depend on the formation of a heterotrimeric complex. Interestingly, the cell wall abnormalities exhibited by these cells are independent of the actin cytoskeleton organization on the cell cortex, as they manifest despite the presence of apparently normal cortical actin cytoskeleton. Examination of several act1 mutants also supports this conclusion. These observations suggest that the Pan1p-End3p-Sla1p complex is required not only for normal actin cytoskeleton organization but also for normal cell wall morphogenesis in yeast.
Large substitution boxes with efficient combinational implementations (2013)

At a fundamental level, the security of symmetric key cryptosystems ties back to Claude Shannon's properties of confusion and diffusion. Confusion can be defined as the complexity of the relationship between the secret key and ciphertext, and diffusion can be defined as the degree to which the influence of a single input plaintext bit is spread throughout the resulting ciphertext. In constructions of symmetric key cryptographic primitives, confusion and diffusion are commonly realized with the application of nonlinear and linear operations, respectively. The Substitution-Permutation Network design is one such popular construction adopted by the Advanced Encryption Standard, among other block ciphers, which employs substitution boxes, or S-boxes, for nonlinear behavior. As a result, much research has been devoted to improving the cryptographic strength and implementation efficiency of S-boxes so as to prohibit cryptanalysis attacks that exploit weak constructions and enable fast and area-efficient hardware implementations on a variety of platforms. To date, most published and standardized S-boxes are bijective functions on elements of 4 or 8 bits. In this work, we explore the cryptographic properties and implementations of 8 and 16 bit S-boxes. We study the strength of these S-boxes in the context of Boolean functions and investigate area-optimized combinational hardware implementations. We then present a variety of new 8 and 16 bit S-boxes that have ideal cryptographic properties and enable low-area combinational implementations.
Electronic structure and magnetism in Ru-based perovskites (1997)

The magnetic properties of ruthenates with perovskite-derived structures, particularly ${(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r})\mathrm{RuO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{YRuO}}_{6}$, are studied within the context of band-structure-based Stoner theory. First principles calculations are used to demonstrate that in all cases the correct magnetic behavior and order can be obtained without recourse to strong correlation effects and that the insulating character of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{YRuO}}_{6}$ is reproduced. The different magnetic states of ${\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{CaRuO}}_{3}$ are shown to be due to the different structural distortions in these materials, most significantly the larger rotation of the octahedra in the Ca compound. ${\mathrm{CaRuO}}_{3}$ is found to be on the verge of a ferromagnetic instability, leading to the expectation of giant local moments around magnetic impurities and other anomalous effects in analogy with fcc Pd metal. Oxygen $2p$-derived states hybridize strongly with Ru $d$ states in all three compounds, and O, through this hybridization, plays an unusually large role in the magnetic properties. This involvement of O is responsible for the strong magnetostructural coupling that is found in the calculations. Transport properties of ${\mathrm{CaRuO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$ are analyzed using the calculated Fermiology. Unusually large magnon and paramagnon couplings are found, which are consistent with reported measurements of the low-temperature specific heat and the resistivity coefficient.