gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Compliance with Annual Screening for Fecal Occult Blood (1995)

In a randomized, controlled trial of fecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer, the Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study carried out 11 annual mail screens in two phases between 1976 and 1992. This long-term compliance record of 15,476 individuals is summarized and related to demographic characteristics as well as to the screening experience of the participants. There was a strong and consistent effect of age, with peak compliance among participants about 70 years old, and lower compliance among the youngest (< or = 55 years) and oldest (> or = 80 years) participants. There was a significantly higher rate of screen compliance among participants who lived with other participants, compared with households where only one individual participated in the study. Finally, participants who underwent a diagnostic colorectal examination with negative results had significantly lower odds of compliance.
Neuropathic pain (2001)

Damage to peripheral nerves triggers a cascade of events in axotomized sensory neurones that are generally believed to be responsible for the generation of neuropathic pain. Recent data in animal models show that alterations in the properties of undamaged neurones that project into a damaged nerve can also play an important role. These new findings could explain some of the enigmatic clinical signs and symptoms of pain following nerve injury such as the spread of symptoms into areas not affected by the primary lesion. The basis by which uninjured nerves could be affected is a reduced supply of neurotrophic factors, an abnormal interaction in the Remak bundles of partially denervated Schwann cells and unmyelinated axons, or the byproducts of Wallerian degeneration.
Fluorometric Assessments of Acrosomal Integrity and Viability in Cryopreserved Bovine Spermatozoa1 (1997)

The combination of specific fluorometric staining and flow cytometry provides a rapid and precise means of assessing the functional status of cells. We sought to utilize this approach to quantify two important seminal characteristics, acrosomal integrity and sperm viability, and to compare these with classical microscopic measurements of acrosomal integrity and sperm motility. Samples of thawed, cryopreserved sperm packaged in 0.5-ml French straws were obtained from 12 Holstein bulls. Classical acrosomal assessments and sperm motility estimates were made using differential interference contrast microscopy. Fluorescent acrosomal probes included LysoTracker Green DND-26 (LYSO-G), fluorescein-labeled peanut agglutinin, the biotinylated isocoumarin serine protease inhibitor Bi-Aca-Aca-OMe-IC that was secondarily labeled with fluorescein-avidin, and rabbit antibodies to bovine acrosin that were secondarily labeled with fluoresceinated anti-rabbit immunoglobulin. The fluorescent probes for sperm viability were a combination of SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI) or of SYTO-17 and PI. Significant differences were found among methods and among bulls, but not among straws (n = 3). All four fluorescent measures of acrosomal integrity showed highly significant correlations with both classical measurements. These data indicated that the quality of cryopreserved bovine sperm samples could be readily quantified using a variety of organelle-specific fluorescent staining techniques.
Expression of plant protein phosphatase 2C interferes with nuclear import of the <i>Agrobacterium</i> T-complex protein VirD2 (2004)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers DNA to plant cells as a single-stranded DNA molecule (the T-strand) covalently linked to VirD2 protein. VirD2 contains nuclear localization signal sequences that presumably help direct the T-strand to the plant nucleus. We identified a tomato cDNA clone, DIG3, that encodes a protein that interacts with the C-terminal region of VirD2. DIG3 encodes an enzymatically active type 2C serine/threonine protein phosphatase. Overexpression of DIG3 in tobacco BY-2 protoplasts inhibited nuclear import of a beta-glucuronidase-VirD2 nuclear localization signal fusion protein. Thus, DIG3 may be involved in nuclear import of the VirD2 protein and, consequently, the VirD2/transferred DNA complex.
Functional genomics and expression analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum fpr2-cysIXHDNYZ gene cluster involved in assimilatory sulphate reduction (2005)

The set of C. glutamicum genes involved in assimilatory sulphate reduction was identified and four novel genes involved in this pathway were found. The high degree of conservation of this cluster among the Actinomycetales supports the hypothesis that a different metabolic pathway for the reduction of inorganic sulphur compounds than that known from the well-studied model organisms E. coli and B. subtilis is used by members of this order, providing the basis for further biochemical studies.
Glycopeptide Synthesis UsingO-Pentafluorophenyluronium Salts as novel condensing reagents (1998)

Pentafluorophenyluronium salts and related coupling reagents for the solid-phase synthesis of peptides and glycopeptides have been developed and employed in the synthesis of a glycopeptide sequence from the cell adhesion molecule E-CAD 1.
Three Dimensional Inspection Using Multistripe Structured Light (1985)

Structured light vision systems offer a practical solution to many 3-D inspection problems. This paper examines the trade-offs involved in the design of 3-D inspection systems that use triangulation. General equations describing the behavior of such systems are derived. The implementation of a multistripe system is discussed. Problems common among structured light systems are explored, and alternative solutions are suggested. Experimental results from a prototype system are presented.
Development of an azopolymer based colonic release capsule for delivering proteins/macromolecules. (1994)

The colon, high in microbial contents with degradation ability of azo bonds, seems to be suitable for site-specific delivery of drugs. The degradation of azoaromatic hydrogel depends on the degree of swelling. However, the degree of swelling of azopolymers and the ability of the azoaromatic polymers to protect peptide drugs against the action of digestive enzymes still remains to be established. An azopolymer was synthesized and membranes were cast to investigate the degree of swelling. An azopolymer-coated capsule suitable for delivering peptides/proteins to the colon was developed by in vitro evaluation using vitamin B12 as a model drug to screen various formulations. For in vitro dissolution the half-changed method was used to mimic the pH-time profile in the GI tract. It was shown that the release of vitamin B12 is dependent on the degree of swelling which increases as pH increases. An in vivo study was also performed with insulin in azopolymer-coated capsules in 6 normal beagle dogs. The results suggest that this azopolymer-coated capsule is capable of protecting peptide/macromolecules against digestive enzymes. However, to obtain a promising peroral insulin capsule, more formulation work is required to achieve better absorption availability.
Substituting Nonpeptidic Spacers for the T Cell Receptor-binding Part of Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex-binding Peptides (1998)

X-ray diffraction studies as well as structure-activity relationships indicate that the central part of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-binding nonapeptides represents the main interaction site for a T cell receptor. In order to rationally manipulate T cell epitopes, three nonpeptidic spacers have been designed from the x-ray structure of a MHC-peptide complex and substituted for the T cell receptor-binding part of several antigenic peptides. The binding of the modified epitopes to the human leukocyte antigen-B*2705 protein was studied by an in vitro stabilization assay, and the thermal stability of all complexes was examined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Depending on their chemical nature and length, the introduced spacers may be classified into two categories. Monofunctional spacers (11-amino undecanoate, (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate trimer) simply link two anchoring peptide positions (P3 and P9) but loosely contact the MHC binding groove and thus decrease more or less the affinity of the altered epitopes to human leukocyte antigen-B*2705. A bifunctional spacer ((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate tetramer) not only bridges the two distant anchoring amino acids but also strongly interacts with the binding cleft and leads to a 5-fold increase in binding to the MHC protein. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nonpeptidic modification of T-cell receptor binding residues that significantly enhances the binding of altered peptide ligands to their host MHC protein. The presented modified ligands constitute interesting tools for perturbing the T cell response to the parent antigenic peptide.
Dental Tissue Regeneration – A Mini-Review (2010)

continued advances in the derivation of useable DSC populations and optimally designed scaffold materials unequivocally support the feasibility of dental tissue and whole-tooth tissue engineering.
Accurate garbage collection in uncooperative environments revisited (2009)

Abstract Implementing a concurrent programming language such as Java by means of a translator to an existing language is attractive as it provides portability over all platforms supported by the host language and reduces development time—as many low‐level tasks can be delegated to the host compiler. The C and C++ programming languages are popular choices for many language implementations due to the availability of efficient compilers on a wide range of platforms. For garbage‐collected languages, however, they are not a perfect match as no support is provided for accurately discovering pointers to heap‐allocated data on thread stacks. We evaluate several previously published techniques and propose a new mechanism, lazy pointer stacks, for performing accurate garbage collection in such uncooperative environments. We implemented the new technique in the Ovm Java virtual machine with our own Java‐to‐C/C++ compiler using GCC as a back‐end compiler. Our extensive experimental results confirm that lazy pointer stacks outperform existing approaches: we provide a speedup of 4.5% over Henderson's accurate collector with a 17% increase in code size. Accurate collection is essential in the context of real‐time systems, we thus validate our approach with the implementation of a real‐time concurrent garbage collection algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fixing of confidence limits to measurements (1945)

The idea of significance testing underlies most practical applications of probability theory to electrical measurements. This paper discusses the problems involved in the application of simple tests of significance to small sets of measurements. It opens with an account of the w-test, which is designed to apply to normally distributed variables. This is followed by a description of the t-test, which is of particular use in dealing with a small number of observations. A method of rapidly applying this test is given, and it is shown that if the true mean value of a physical quantity is unknown the confidence limits to be attached to an estimated value obtained from the measurements may be easily determined. The paper describes a rapid method of estimating the standard deviation of a set of measurements; it is shown that for very small samples the extreme-mean or median forms a good alternative to the arithmetic mean and is often easier to calculate. Pearson's χ2-test of goodness-of-fit is explained and illustrated. Emphasis is placed on the flexible nature of this test and its relationship to the w-test.
Resonant tunneling bipolar transistors using InAlAs/InGaAs heterostructures (1989)

Resonant tunneling bipolar transistors (RBTs) using InAlAs/InGaAs heterostructures were fabricated. These devices are bipolar transistors which use a resonant tunneling barrier as a minority-carrier injector. The RBT exhibits a collector current peak as a function of the base-emitter voltage at room temperature. The peak-to-valley ratio of the collector current is 3.5, and the peak collector current density is 5.7×104 A/cm2. The common-emitter current gain reaches a value of 24. These InAlAs/InGaAs RBTs characteristics are much better than those of AlGaAs/GaAs RBTs. We measured the microwave characteristics of the InAlAs/InGaAs RBT at room temperature, and obtained a cutoff frequency of 12.4 GHz. An equivalent circuit analysis and device simulation yielded an estimated resonant tunneling barrier response time of 1.4 ps.
Effects of Thin-Film Structural Parameters on Laser Desorption/Ionization from Porous Alumina (2007)

Nanoporous aluminum oxide layers, grown by anodization of aluminum thin films on glass and then sputter-coated with gold, were used to study the effects of the thin-film structural parameters on laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry (MS) of peptides. Variation of MS signal intensity was examined as a function of alumina pore depth, pore width, and gold layer thickness. Peptide molecular ion intensity was optimal with porous alumina formed from aluminum films of approximately 600-nm thickness; thinner or thicker films gave significantly lower signals. Signals decreased when pore sizes were increased beyond the as-formed width of approximately 100 nm. The MS signal also varied with the thickness of the sputtered gold layer with an optimum thickness being approximately 90 nm. The results of these studies provide values for empirical optimization of LDI MS performance as well as potential clues to the LDI mechanism.
Drive Force and Longitudinal Dynamics Estimation in Heavy-Duty Vehicles (2019)

Modelling the dynamic behaviour of heavy vehicles, such as buses or trucks, can be very useful for driving simulation and training, autonomous driving, crash analysis, etc. However, dynamic modelling of a vehicle is a difficult task because there are many subsystems and signals that affect its behaviour. In addition, it might be hard to combine data because available signals come at different rates, or even some samples might be missed due to disturbances or communication issues. In this paper, we propose a non-invasive data acquisition hardware/software setup to carry out several experiments with an urban bus, in order to collect data from one of the internal communication networks and other embedded systems. Subsequently, non-conventional sampling data fusion using a Kalman filter has been implemented to fuse data gathered from different sources, connected through a wireless network (the vehicle's internal CAN bus messages, IMU, GPS, and other sensors placed in pedals). Our results show that the proposed combination of experimental data gathering and multi-rate filtering algorithm allows useful signal estimation for vehicle identification and modelling, even when data samples are missing.
High-power distributed Bragg reflector lasers operating at 1065 nm (2007)

A report is presented on distributed Bragg reflector lasers emitting in excess of 700 mW in a single-spatial and single-spectral mode at 1065 nm. The threshold current of these devices is ∼30 mA, there is an L-I slope of 0.74 W/A, and a sidemode suppression ratio greater than 30 dB. The current and thermal tuning are 0.016 Å/mA and 0.7 Å/°C, respectively.
An Analysis of Instruction-Fetching Strategies in Pipelined Computers (1980)

The performance of pipelined processors is heavily influenced by the effects of control-transfer, or branching, instructions, and various strategies have been used to reduce the delays incurred by these instructions. The position of the "control point" in the pipeline is an important factor that must also be taken into account, however, and this paper presents an analysis of its effects. Results are given of measurements made with a hardware performance monitor during the running of benchmark programs on the highly pipelined MU5 processor. These results support the argument for placing the control point as late in the pipeline as possible, and for using a prediction mechanism to supply correct sequences of instructions to the pipeline.
Characterization of the Major DNA Adduct Formed by α-Hydroxy-<i>N</i>-desmethyltamoxifen in Vitro and in Vivo (2000)

Tamoxifen is hepatocarcinogenic in rats and has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in women. Recent reports suggest that it may be genotoxic in humans. N-Desmethyltamoxifen is a major tamoxifen metabolite that has been proposed to be responsible for one of the major adducts detected in liver DNA of rats treated with tamoxifen. The metabolic activation of N-desmethyltamoxifen to DNA binding products may involve oxidation to alpha-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen followed by esterification. In the study presented here, we report the synthesis of alpha-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen and the characterization of the major adduct obtained from alpha-sulfoxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen in vitro as (E)-alpha-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)-N-desmethyltamoxifen. In addition, we use (32)P-postlabeling in combination with HPLC to compare the adducts formed in the livers of female Sprague-Dawley rats treated by gavage with tamoxifen or equimolar doses of alpha-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen. We conclude that one of the major adducts formed in vivo and previously suggested to derive from N-desmethyltamoxifen is chromatographically identical to alpha-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)-N-desmethyltamoxifen.
A novel allocation strategy for control and memory intensive telecommunication circuits (2002)

Communication sub-systems that deal with switching, routing and protocol implementation often have their functionality dominated by control logic and interaction with memory. Synthesis of such Control and Memory Intensive Systems (hereafter abbreviated to CMISTs) poses demands that in the past have not been met satisfactorily by general purpose high-level synthesis (HLS) tools and have led to several research efforts to address these demands. In this paper we: Characterise CMISTs from the synthesis viewpoint; Contend that the synthesis demands of CMISTs can be met within the framework of a general purpose High-level synthesis tool, by making parts of it adaptive to the input, rather than develop a complete tool for a particular type of application; Present an allocation strategy that automatically adapts for CMISTs; Present the Operation and Maintenance (OAM) Protocol of the ATM, its modelling in VHDL and synthesis aspects of the VHDL model; Present the results of applying the synthesis methodology to the OAM as a test case. The results are compared with the result from two commercial High-level synthesis tool; Prove the efficacy of the proposed synthesis methodology by applying it to an industrial design and comparing our obtained by designing manually at register-transfer level; The results is also compared with the results from two commercial HLS tools.
Infantile Seizures and Epilepsy Syndromes (2002)

Despite difficulties in precisely identifying and classifying infantile seizures, most infantile epilepsy syndromes can be classified, at least in broad categories. Infants with intractable epilepsy, however, may be difficult to accurately classify. These patients have complex presentations that do not easily allow labeling into "focal" or "generalized" categories. Within each category of infantile epilepsy, there appear to be benign and severe forms. Classifications based on semiology may be easier to use for all infants with epilepsy. At least three broad categories of epilepsy can be identified: infants with myoclonic seizures, infants with spasms, and infants with focal seizures. Within each category benign and severe presentations exist, with clearly defined, unique features. Whether the various presentations of epilepsy in infants can be cleanly separated into these categories, or need to be considered as points along a biologic spectrum, will require further research.
Synergistic effects of CoCl2 and ROCK inhibition on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells (2006)

Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) constitute an interesting cellular source to promote brain regeneration after neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, several studies suggested that oxygen-dependent gene expression is of crucial importance in governing the essential steps of neurogenesis such as cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. In this context, we analysed the effect of the HIF-1 (hypoxia inducible factor-1) activation-mimicking agent CoCl(2) on MSCs. CoCl(2) treatment increased the expression of the anti-proliferative gene BTG2/PC3 and decreased cyclin D1 expression. Expression of HIF-1alpha and its target genes EPO, VEGF and p21 was also upregulated. These changes were followed by inhibition of cell proliferation and morphological changes resulting in neuron-like cells, which had increased neuronal marker expression and responded to neurotransmitters. Echinomycin, a molecule inhibiting HIF-1 DNA-binding activity, blocked the CoCl(2) effect on MSCs. Additionally, by using Y-27632, we demonstrated that Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibition potentiated CoCl(2)-induced MSC differentiation in particular into dopaminergic neuron-like cells as attested by its effect on tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Altogether, these results support the ability of MSCs to differentiate into neuron-like cells in response to CoCl(2), an effect that might act, in part, through HIF-1 activation and cell-cycle arrest, and which is potentiated by inhibition of ROCK.
New foams introduce new variables to fracturing (1990)

<b>Introduction:</b> Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling illness that is associated with significant functional impairment. Although evidence-based pharmacotherapies exist, currently available medications are ineffective in some patients and may cause intolerable side effects in others. There is an urgent need for new treatments. <b>Discussion:</b> A growing body of basic and clinical research has showed that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a role in anxiety, fear, and repetitive behaviors. At the same time, some patients with OCD who smoke cannabis anecdotally report that it relieves their symptoms and mitigates anxiety, and several case reports describe patients whose OCD symptoms improved after they were treated with cannabinoids. Taken together, these findings suggest that the ECS could be a potential target for novel medications for OCD. In this study, we review evidence from both animal and human studies that suggests that the ECS may play a role in OCD and related disorders. We also describe findings from studies in which cannabinoid drugs were shown to impact symptoms of these conditions. <b>Conclusions:</b> An emerging body of evidence suggests that the ECS plays a role in OCD symptoms and may be a target for the development of novel medications. Further exploration of this topic through well-designed human trials is warranted.
Epigenomic program of Barrett's-associated neoplastic progression reveals possible involvement of insulin signaling pathways (2011)

Epigenomic program of Barrett'sassociated neoplastic progression reveals possible involvement of