gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Free Radical Copolymerization Kinetics of the Bio‐renewable Monomer <i>γ</i>‐Methyl‐<i>α</i>‐methylene‐<i>γ</i>‐butyrolactone with Methyl methacrylate and Styrene (2010)

Abstract The free‐radical copolymerization propagation kinetics of the bio‐renewable monomer γ ‐methyl‐ α ‐methylene‐ γ ‐butyrolactone (MeMBL) with styrene (ST) and with methyl methacrylate (MMA) have been investigated by the pulsed laser polymerization (PLP)—size exclusion chromatography (SEC) technique, in addition to DSC and proton NMR measurements. Monomer reactivity ratios for bulk MeMBL/ST and MeMBL/MMA copolymerizations are r MeMBL = 0.80 ± 0.04 and r ST = 0.34 ± 0.04 and r MeMBL = 3.0 ± 0.3 and r MMA = 0.33 ± 0.01, respectively, with no significant variation with temperature found between 22 and 90 °C. The implicit penultimate unit effect (IPUE) model best represents the composition‐averaged copolymerization propagation rate coefficient, k p,cop for the MeMBL/ST system. Arrhenius parameters were estimated for MeMBL homopolymerization and found to be quite similar to those of MMA. DSC results show that copolymers of well controlled composition can be produced to suit specific T g requirements over a much higher temperature range than possible with current acrylic glasses. magnified image
Transmission of seismic waves across single natural fractures (1990)

Fractures and other nonwelded contacts are important mechanical and hydrological features of rock masses. Their effects on seismic wave propagation can be modeled as a boundary condition in the seismic wave equation. Seismic stress is continuous across such a boundary, but seismic particle displacement and seismic particle velocity are not. The complete solutions for seismic wave reflection, conversion, and transmission across a displacement and velocity discontinuity between two half‐spaces with different densities and elastic properties are derived for all angles of the incident wave. The ratio between the seismic stress across this boundary and the seismic particle displacement and velocity are described by a specific stiffness and a specific viscosity, respectively. A displacement discontinuity results in frequency‐dependent reflection and transmission coefficients and a frequency‐dependent group time delay. The velocity discontinuity results in frequency‐independent coefficients and zero delay. Results of laboratory experiments on compressional and shear wave transmission across three different natural fractures in a quartz monzonite are described. Measurements were made at different effective stresses under dry and saturated conditions at room temperature. It is shown that the effect of these fractures on the spectral amplitudes for compressional and shear pulses transmitted across these fractures are described well by a displacement discontinuity for compressional pulses under dry and saturated conditions and by a combined displacement and velocity discontinuity for shear wave pulses under dry and saturated conditions. Values of specific stiffness and specific viscosity vary between fractures and increase with increasing effective stress, as does the static specific stiffness of these fractures. Changes in the spectral amplitudes of transmitted pulses are also analyzed in terms of attenuation using the seismic quality factor Q , which is found to be a function of frequency.
Xerographic and Electro-Optic Studies of a Photorefractive Polymer (1997)

Abstract We examined both photoconductive and electro-optical properties of the monolithic photorefractive polymer. The photoconductive sensitivity of 1.2 × 10−12(S cm−1)/(W cm−2) was obtained under a field strength of 5 × 105V/cm and a wavelength of 534nm. The EO signals linearly increased with the poling electric field.
The bactericidal action of streptomycin: membrane permeabilization caused by the insertion of mistranslated proteins into the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli and subsequent caging of the antibiotic inside the cells due to degradation of these proteins (1992)

The mechanism by which the aminoglycoside antibiotic streptomycin permeabilizes the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli cells was reinvestigated. For this purpose, the extent of streptomycin-induced K+ loss from cells growing at low external K+ concentrations was taken as a measure of membrane permeabilization. Experiments with different K(+)-uptake mutants showed that the antibiotic specifically increased the passive permeability of the cell membrane to K+ and other ions. These permeability changes were small and the membrane potential of the treated cells remained high. The membrane permeabilization was not due to a direct interaction of the antibiotic with the cell membrane, since cells that carry an rpsL mutation and synthesize proteins in a streptomycin-insensitive way did not lose K+ after the addition of the antibiotic. Due to misreading and premature termination of translation the cells synthesized aberrant proteins under the conditions where membrane permeabilization occurred. Two conditions are described under which the cells both degraded these mistranslated proteins rapidly and reaccumulated K+, lending support to the hypothesis that membrane permeabilization is due to the presence of the mistranslated proteins in the cell membrane. Evidence is presented that the irreversibility of (dihydro)streptomycin uptake by cells washed free from the antibiotic might also be due to rapid degradation of the mistranslated proteins, leading to 'caging' of the antibiotic inside the cells.
Studies on the Mucohalic Acids. IV. Replacement of Halogen in the Pseudo Ester Series (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the Mucohalic Acids. IV. Replacement of Halogen in the Pseudo Ester SeriesHarry H. Wasserman and Frank M. PrecopioCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 5, 1242–1243Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01634a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01634a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ErbB-2 nuclear function in breast cancer growth, metastasis and resistance to therapy (2016)

Approximately 15-20% of breast cancers (BC) show either membrane overexpression of ErbB-2 (MErbB-2), a member of the ErbBs family of receptor tyrosine kinases, or ERBB2 gene amplification. Until the development of MErbB-2-targeted therapies, this BC subtype, called ErbB-2-positive, was associated with increased metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Although these therapies have significantly improved overall survival and cure rates, resistance to available drugs is still a major clinical issue. In its classical mechanism, MErbB-2 activates downstream signaling cascades, which transduce its effects in BC. The fact that ErbB-2 is also present in the nucleus of BC cells was discovered over twenty years ago. Also, compelling evidence revealed a non-canonical function of nuclear ErbB-2 as a transcriptional regulator. As a deeper understanding of nuclear ErbB-2 actions would be crucial to the disclosure of its role as a biomarker and a target of therapy in BC, we will here review its function in BC, in particular, its role in growth, metastatic spreading and response to currently available MErbB-2-positive BC therapies.
Passivity Based Damping Design for Grid-Connected Converter With Improved Stability (2019)

The impedance interactions between weak grid and LCL-filtered converter can bring severe harmonic resonance. Recently, frequency domain passivity theory has been applied to converter damping design. However, it is usually not easy to achieve full frequency passivity. What's more, traditional passivity based damping design is not enough for system robustness. This paper first proposes a relaxed passivity based active damping design for capacitor current feedback. Then the system stability under grid impedance variation is also analyzed. It has been found that the wide variation of grid impedance can decrease system stability margin. As a result, critical oscillation can even happen in the passive region of converter output admittance, causing power quality problems. In order to further improve system stability, this paper proposes an enhanced passivity based impedance shaping method, which is based on hybrid damping and combined active damping. Effects of damping methods and damping parameters are also investigated. A step by step damping design procedure is formulated, which is easy to implement. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of proposed method.
Expression, purification, and characterization of the recombinant proform of eosinophil granule major basic protein (1995)

The cDNA for the highly toxic eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP) encodes a 25-kDa acidic precursor (proMBP) that is processed to form the 14-kDa mature MBP. To characterize the biochemical and biological properties of proMBP, and compare these to the known properties of MBP, we expressed recombinant proMBP in Chinese hamster ovary cells and purified the secreted form from supernatants. We developed a mAb specific for proMBP, J163-15E10, and by using a proMBP-specific RIA we found that recombinant proMBP was expressed quite efficiently at levels between 10 and 100 mg/l. By SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analyses of bulk Chinese hamster ovary supernatants, recombinant proMBP was electrophoretically heterogeneous with an apparent molecular mass ranging from 3 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(5) daltons. Despite difficulties encountered because of the extreme molecular heterogeneity of the proform, two methods for purification of a predominant 33-kDa form of recombinant proMBP are presented. Glycosylation analysis of purified 33-kDa proMBP indicated that approximately 5 kDa is likely accounted for by the addition of one glycosaminoglycan group, three O-linked, and one N-linked complex type carbohydrate groups. Functional studies of purified recombinant proMBP were also conducted. Using amounts of proMBP determined to be optimal for MBP activity, it was shown that proMBP not only lacked the ability to inhibit protein synthesis in K562 cells, but it also lacked the ability to stimulate basophil histamine release or generate neutrophil superoxide anion release. Furthermore, proMBP inhibited in a dose-responsive manner the basophil histamine release and superoxide anion generation stimulated by MBP. The development of a mAb and RIA specific for proMBP will now make it possible to analyze biologic fluids for the presence of this protein, especially in pregnancy, when proMBP is increased.
Moving object detection for visual odometry in a dynamic environment based on occlusion accumulation (2020)

Detection of moving objects is an essential capability in dealing with dynamic environments. Most moving object detection algorithms have been designed for color images without depth. For robotic navigation where real-time RGB-D data is often readily available, utilization of the depth information would be beneficial for obstacle recognition. Here, we propose a simple moving object detection algorithm that uses RGB-D images. The proposed algorithm does not require estimating a background model. Instead, it uses an occlusion model which enables us to estimate the camera pose on a background confused with moving objects that dominate the scene. The proposed algorithm allows to separate the moving object detection and visual odometry (VO) so that an arbitrary robust VO method can be employed in a dynamic situation with a combination of moving object detection, whereas other VO algorithms for a dynamic environment are inseparable. In this paper, we use dense visual odometry (DVO) as a VO method with a bi-square regression weight. Experimental results show the segmentation accuracy and the performance improvement of DVO in the situations. We validate our algorithm in public datasets and our dataset which also publicly accessible.
ASHAP: A Regimen for Cytoreduction of Refractory or Recurrent Hodgkin’s Disease (1999)

Abstract Patients with Hodgkin’s disease, which is either refractory or recurs after frontline chemotherapy with MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone), ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine), or both regimens, generally have a poor prognosis. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous marrow or stem cell rescue (ABMT) is now a widely used salvage strategy in these patients. In this study, our objective was to determine the response rate to ASHAP (Adriamycin = doxorubicin, Solumedrol = methylprednisolone, High-dose Ara-C = cytosine arabinoside, and Platinum = cisplatinum), in a group of patients with Hodgkin’s disease with such poor risk characteristics. The treatment was intended as a brief tumor reducing program before ABMT. Fifty-six patients with diagnosed relapsed or primary refractory Hodgkin’s disease underwent this treatment. The program consisted of the administration of two cycles of ASHAP chemotherapy (doxorubicin 10 mg/m2/d intravenous (IV) continuous infusion (CI) over 24 hours, days 1 to 4; methylprednisolone 500 mg/d IV over 15 minutes daily for 5 days; cisplatinum 25 mg/m2/d IV CI over 24 hours, days 1 to 4; cytosine arabinoside 1.5 g/m2/d IV over 2 hours on day 5). After two courses of ASHAP the patients were evaluated for response, including a gallium scan test. Patients with progressive disease were taken off the study. Those with responding or stable disease received a third course of ASHAP, followed by consolidative treatment with ABMT. There were 19 complete responses (34% CR), 20 partial responses (36% PR), and 17 treatment failures, including 8 with minor responses and 9 with disease progression. Thus, in total there were 39 responses out of 56 patients (CR + PR = 70%). Myelosuppression was the main toxicity. There were no deaths due to toxicity. At this time, 23 patients are alive. There were 31 deaths due to disease progression and 2 due to other causes. The initial response to ASHAP before subsequent ABMT consolidation treatment correlated with survival. All 17 patients in whom ASHAP failed to achieve a response have died. The presence of B symptoms at relapse, and a duration of response to the last regimen of ≤6 months, predicted a poor response to ASHAP. A short program of treatment with ASHAP is an effective tumor debulking approach in patients previously treated with both or either ABVD and MOPP, before ABMT.
<title>Spectral Feature Classification And Spatial Pattern Recognition</title> (1979)

This paper introduces a spatial pattern recognition processing concept involving the use of spectral feature classification technology and coherent optical correlation. The concept defines a hybrid image (data) processing system incorporating both digital and optical technology. In this concept, the hybrid instrument provides simplified pseudopattern images as functions of pixel classification from information embedded within a real-scene image. These pseudoimages become simplified inputs to an optical correlator for use in a subsequent pattern identification decision useful in executing landmark pointing, tracking, or navigating functions. In this concept, real-time classification is proposed as a research tool for exploring ways to enhance input signal-to-noise ratio as an aid in improving optical correlation. Although such a system has not been developed or tested, the approach could be explored with developing technology, including a current NASA Langley Research Center technology plan that involves a series of related Shuttle-borne experiments. A first-planned development phase includes a feature classification experiment. The experiment, Feature Identification and Location Experiment (FILE), is undergoing final ground testing, and is scheduled for flight on the NASA Shuttle (STS2/flight OSTA-1) in 1980. FILE will evaluate a technique for autonomously (in-real-time) classifying Earth features into the four categories of bare land; water; vegetation; and clouds, snow, or ice. A second experiment is being designed to test a technique for autonomously discriminating between clouds and snow. Beyond feature identification/classification and cloud detection/discrimination, the onnoing technology development leads to capabilities for pointing instruments to predetermined sites, reacquiring Earth features or landmarks, and tracking features such as coastlines or rivers. Concepts are discussed relative to emerging technology,and directions for future research are indicated.
PP.31.24 (2015)

Objective: Visit-to-visit variability in systolic BP is recognized as an independent and strong predictors of cardiovascular event particularly stroke and coronary event. However the relationship between Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure and renal function decline still controversial. This study aims to determine the association between BPV and CKD status in primary care setting. Design and method: This is a retrospective study of a cohort over a period of 10 years. Demographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors and use of antihypertensive agents were also captured. BPV in this study is estimated using standard deviation (SD) of the 3 office blood pressure reading at 1998, 2002 and 2007. SD is calculated as squared root of [sum(individual blood pressure readings-sample mean blood pressure)2] number of visit. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was used to determine renal function [20] and it was based on the Cockcroft-Gault formula as follows. Decline in eGFR was defined as the difference between 2007 and 1998 divided by 10 years. CKD was defined when the eGFR is < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 Pearson correlation test was used to look for the association between BPV and declination in eGFR. Results: 1547 subjects were in original cohort, 91% (n = 1408) had complete BP readings for analysis. The mean age of the population was 56.4 ± 9.8 years and 66.2% (n = 932) were female. 49.9%(N = 702) of the patients have diabetes and 58.3% (N = 821) of them have hypertension. The BPV was 11.2 ± 6.6 mmHg among patient with CKD in 2007 compared to patients without CKD (10.6 ± 6.6). Using Pearson correlation, there was association between BPV and overall declination in eGFR (p = 0.02). Conclusions: The BPV seems to be able to predict the declination of eGFR in our study. Hence, in managing patients with chronic disease particularly hypertension, clinicians should treated patients more aggressively in order to reduce BPV variability in order to slow down the deterioration of renal function achieve blood pressure target and thus reduce cardiovascular events.
Intention-Net: Integrating Planning and Deep Learning for Goal-Directed Autonomous Navigation (2017)

How can a delivery robot navigate reliably to a destination in a new office building, with minimal prior information? To tackle this challenge, this paper introduces a two-level hierarchical approach, which integrates model-free deep learning and model-based path planning. At the low level, a neural-network motion controller, called the intention-net, is trained end-to-end to provide robust local navigation. The intention-net maps images from a single monocular camera and "intentions" directly to robot controls. At the high level, a path planner uses a crude map, e.g., a 2-D floor plan, to compute a path from the robot's current location to the goal. The planned path provides intentions to the intention-net. Preliminary experiments suggest that the learned motion controller is robust against perceptual uncertainty and by integrating with a path planner, it generalizes effectively to new environments and goals.
Reactive oxygen species during ischemia-reflow injury in isolated perfused rat liver. (1988)

The hypothesis that intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in hepatocytes or reticuloendothelial cells may cause ischemia-reperfusion injury was tested in isolated perfused livers of male Fischer rats. GSSG was measured in perfusate, bile, and tissue as a sensitive index of oxidative stress. After a preperfusion phase of 30 min, the perfusion was stopped (global ischemia) for various times (30, 120 min) and the liver was reperfused for another 60 min. The bile flow (1.48 +/- 0.17 microliters/min X gram liver weight), the biliary efflux of total glutathione (6.54 +/- 0.94 nmol GSH eq/min X g), and GSSG (1.59 +/- 0.23 nmol GSH eq/min X g) recovered to 69-86% after short-term ischemia and to 36-72% after 2 h of ischemia when compared with values obtained from control livers perfused for the same period of time. During reperfusion, the sinusoidal efflux of total glutathione (16.4 +/- 2.1 nmol GSH eq/min X g) and GSSG (0.13 +/- 0.05 nmol GSH eq/min X g) did not change except for an initial 10-30-s increase during reperfusion washout. No increased GSSG secretion into bile was detectable at any time during reperfusion. The liver content of total glutathione (32.5 +/- 3.5 nmol GSH eq/mg protein) and GSSG (0.27 +/- 0.09 nmol GSH eq/mg protein) did not change significantly during any period of ischemia or reperfusion. We conclude, therefore, that at most only a minor amount of reactive oxygen species were generated during reperfusion. Thus, reactive oxygen species are unlikely to cause ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver by lipid peroxidation or tissue thiol oxidation.
Emerging potential treatments: new hope for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients? (2011)

Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments for the management of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the USA or Europe. Pirfenidone is an orally bio-available small molecule that exhibits antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of in vitro and animal models. Pirfenidone has been evaluated in four randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted in Japan, North America and Europe. The totality of the data from these trials indicates that pirfenidone is able to reduce the rate of decline in lung function, measured as change in per cent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) or vital capacity. There was also an effect on secondary end-points of progression free survival, categorical change in per cent predicted FVC, and the 6-min walk test. A recent meta-analysis of the three phase III studies in IPF demonstrated that pirfenidone significantly reduced the risk of disease progression by 30%. The efficacy of pirfenidone is associated with an acceptable tolerability and safety profile.
Rational interleukin-2 therapy. (1997)

The administration of cytokines that augment the function of the immune system can be accomplished safely and without toxicity, provided a rational approach is used. Such a therapeutic method should be based upon the principles of pharmacology and the structure-activity relationships of the cytokine-receptor interaction. Thus, the therapeutic index should be determined, and the goal should be to augment the function of the immune system in a variety of clinical situations, not necessarily focused on eradicating a particular disease process such as metastatic cancer that may or may not be influenced by the immune system.