gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Sealant Loss Circulation Materials for Fractured Formations: Right-Angle Viscosity Development with High Plugging Efficiency (2018)

Abstract Numerous lost circulation materials (LCMs) are sold in the global market to cure losses in highly fractured formations, but the success rate remains minimal. Lost circulation (LC) is a common challenge of global operators and service companies during either drilling or the oilwell construction phase of development and exploration. A new chemical-sealant-based LCM (CS-LCM) was developed to cure severe-to-total losses in highly fractured formations. The new CS-LCM is dispersed in a nonaqueous carrier fluid (NAF) and quickly forms a highly malleable viscous mass upon exposure to an aqueous reactant fluid and then sets harder under a wide range of temperatures. Comprehensive and systematic tests were conducted on the new CS-LCM to determine the speed of the reaction at an optimized interval of time upon interaction with the reactant. Testing performed on the new CS-LCM included evaluating its flowability before and after the reaction and estimating the compressive strength. Additionally, the developed strength robustness of the CS-LCM was evaluated by its ability to withstand large differential pressures across extra-large holes (31 mm) in test media (simulating vugs in a formation). The reaction rate of the CS-LCM showed measurable right-angle viscosity (RAV) development once the CS-LCM was preconditioned at a bottomhole circulation temperature (BHCT) and allowed to mix with preconditioned (at BHCT) reactant. A significant amount of compressive strength (&gt;500 psi) buildup was observed in less than 1 hour of reaction time, which sustained more than 1,000 psi differential pressure on large vugs. The fast increase in viscosity (i.e., RAV) and quick strength development are the result of fast-reacting chemical additives present in the mixture. Additionally, the resultant set CS-LCM was determined to be soluble in 15% hydrochloric (HCl) acid at ambient temperature; hence, it is a viable solution for a reservoir section. The new CS-LCM was developed to mitigate severe-to-total losses in highly fractured formations by means of RAV development followed by rapid strength buildup in a short interval of time, thus helping prevent overdisplacement away from the wellbore, hence minimizing nonproductive time (NPT) and drilling mud losses.
Universal jamming grippers for deep-sea manipulation (2016)

In this paper, we demonstrate the first underwater use of a `universal jamming gripper' to successfully grasp irregularly shaped objects. We present several novel developments which are required to extend this soft robotic technology to underwater operation including the use of pressure tolerant glass spheres and liquid water as the jamming media; an `under-filling' technique to achieve effective grasps without requiring a rigid substrate; and the use of internal ball chains to increase maximum lift capability without excessive deformation. We present data indicating that canonical shapes can be grasped with less downward force applied than previous jamming gripper designs. Finally, the feasibility for use on ROVs is demonstrated through use with inspection- and micro-ROVs in a test tank.
Properties of dissociatively extracted fetal tooth matrix proteins. I. Principal molecular species in developing bovine enamel. (1980)

A sequential dissociative extraction scheme is described in which tooth matrix proteins are extracted first in 4 M guanidine HCl, pH 7.4, and then in 4 M guanidine HCl, 0.5 M EDTA, pH 7.4, both with protease inhibitors present. The latter step dissolves the mineralized portion of the tissue and extracts noncollagenous proteins closely associated with hydroxyapatite crystallites in the mineralized matrix. In fetal bovine enamel, the initial dissociative extraction step completely removes proline-rich amelogenins from the tissue without dissolving the enamel apatite. The amelogenin proteins consist of several species on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate, but display anomalous migration behavior relative to conventional marker proteins in this technique. Subsequent extraction of fetal bovine enamel with guanidine HCl/EDTA removes matrix enamelins, acidic glycoproteins that are tightly bound to the enamel hydroxyapatite. This latter fetal protein type has not been isolated previously. The enamelins are adsorbed strongly by DEAE-cellulose in 7 M urea and totally adsorb to synthetic apatite, even in 4 M guanidine HCl. The enamelins display normal behavior on polyacrylamide gels and stain positively for sialic acid/phosphate and carbohydrate. With advancing tooth maturation, amelogenins disappear while enamelins are conserved. Gel filtration chromatography in 4 M guanidine HCl showed amelogenin components at apparent molecular weights of approximately 25,000, 15,000, 9,500, 7,500, and 6,000, while the enamelins eluted at Mr positions of approximately 72,000, 56,000, 42,000, 30,000, 21,000, 13,000, and 8,000. The gel filtration data showed a clear shift in molecular size population from higher to lower components for both amelogenins and enamelins with progressive enamel maturation.
One-component, switchable ionic liquids derived from siloxylated amines (2008)

A new class of one-component, thermally reversible, neutral to ionic liquid solvents derived from siloxylated amines is presented and characterized.
A control strategy of fuel cell/battery hybrid power source for electric vehicle applications (2006)

The present work is a novel control algorithm for utilizing a PEM fuel cell as a power main source and batteries as a supplementary source, for hybrid power source in electric vehicle applications. The proposed control, which takes into account the slow dynamics of fuel cell in order to avoid fuel starvation problems of fuel cell system, is evidently simpler than state machines used for hybrid source control. The control strategy lies in using a fuel cell for supplying energy to battery and load at the dc bus. The structure is fuel cell current-, battery current-, and battery state of charge cascade control. To substantiate the proposed principle, a hardware system is realized by analogical circuits for the fuel cell current loop and numerical calculation (dSPACE) for battery current and state of charge loops. Experimental results with small-scale devices — a 500 W PEM fuel cell and 33 Ah, 48 V lead-acid battery bank — show the excellent control principle during motor drive cycle.
Circumscription and Projection as Primitives of Logic Programming (2010)

KWe pursue a representation of logic programs as classical first-order sentences. Different semantics for logic programs can then be expressed by the way in which they are wrapped into - semantically defined - operators for circumscription and projection. (Projection is a generalization of second-order quantification.) We demonstrate this for the stable model semantics, Clark's completion and a three-valued semantics based on the Fitting operator. To represent the latter, we utilize the polarity sensitiveness of projection, in contrast to second-order quantification, and a variant of circumscription that allows to express predicate minimization in parallel with maximization. In accord with the aim of an integrated view on different logic-based representation techniques, the material is worked out on the basis of first-order logic with a Herbrand semantics.
Organization of the gene encoding the human beta-hexosaminidase alpha-chain. (1987)

The lysosomal enzyme, beta-hexosaminidase, is composed of two chains, alpha and beta. In Tay-Sachs disease, mutations in the gene encoding the alpha-chain produce a beta-hexosaminidase deficiency that results in the storage of its natural substrate, GM2 ganglioside. To obtain the background information for the eventual identification of the mutational errors in Tay-Sachs disease and to determine possible relationships between protein and gene structure, we have characterized the intron-exon organization of the human beta-hexosaminidase alpha-chain gene. Several overlapping clones were isolated from human genomic libraries constructed in cosmid and bacteriophage vectors. The cloned genomic DNA was analyzed by restriction endonuclease mapping, Southern blotting, and DNA sequencing. It was determined that the alpha-chain gene is approximately 35 kilobases long and is split into 14 exons. Sequences which resemble the "TATA" and "CAAT" transcriptional regulatory motifs are present at the 5' end of the gene. Differential transcription or processing of the most 3' exon of the gene results in two alpha-chain mRNAs with different 3'-untranslated regions. The first exon of the gene encodes the amino-terminal portion of the alpha-chain which is removed during the proteolytic maturation of the enzyme, raising the possibility that this segment may exist as a functional domain.
A high available service based on virtualization technology in NFV (2017)

Recently, network virtualization technology (NFV) is being studied to reduce network operation cost, mainly in telco companies. Network virtualization technology is a technology that enables software control by abstracting computing, server, and network functions that were formerly hardware-oriented. Network virtualization technology provides the opportunity for small and medium enterprises with technology to compete in the network market, which is now dominated by major network equipment manufacturers, and software companies participate in the hardware-oriented network equipment market, It provides an instrument that can be easily produced. In this paper, we investigated a takeover scheme based on virtualization technology to provide high availability service in NFV environment and measured takeover performance by virtualizing BGP based on virtualization technology.
[The pathogenesis and the adaptive value of fever]. (2003)

Fever is a part of the acute phase response to infection and inflammation. We now understand that fever is a complex physiological response that is aimed at facilitating survival of the host. The fever is induced by endogenous inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins and pyrogenic cytokines, that are released by immune cells activated by exogenous pyrogens. Although the pathways (humoral and/or neuronal) responsible for transfer of the pyretic signals from the blood to the brain are still under discussion, it is generally accepted that they act on the level of the anterior hypothalamus to raise the thermoregulatory set-point. Results of studies of the adaptive value of fever demonstrate an association between a rise in body temperature and a decrease in mortality and morbidity during infection. These data along with data from evolutionary studies provide a strong support for the concept that fever is a beneficial during infection in endotherms and ectotherms, vertebrates as well as in invertebrates. There are also evidence showing that fever may be used as a therapeutic tool, especially in cancer therapy. Based on the data reviewed in this article, it can be concluded that fever has evolved as a host defense mechanism which was preserved within the animal kingdom through hundreds of millions of years of evolution.
The Evaluation of a Pocket Computer as an Aid to Insulin Dose Determination by Patients (1985)

A small and inexpensive computer was programmed to assist patients in making decisions regarding insulin delivery using constant subcutaneous infusion systems. Insulin dosage was based on gender, pre- and postprandial blood glucose, between-meal blood glucose, patient weight, time of day, and when appropriate, the carbohydrate content of food ingested. The system was self-adjusting based on postprandial and fasting blood glucose levels. A developmental phase in which the computer program was refined was undertaken with five highly trained type I patients using an insulin infusion pump. Then, based on the suggestions made by these patients, a final program was used by these same five patients for 1 mo. Computer-assisted insulin delivery resulted in lower mean blood glucose (162 versus 130 mg/dl) and hemoglobin A1c (7.2% versus 5.8%) values when compared with precomputer values. In addition, there was a significant increase in the frequency of blood glucose testing during the computer-assisted periods in that patients monitored their blood glucose 4.9 times per day during the physician-alone period whereas a mean of 7.5 glucose tests were performed during the computer-assisted periods. Patient response to the concept was overwhelmingly favorable. These studies demonstrate that computer-assisted insulin-delivery decision making is feasible, acceptable to patients already accustomed to pump use, safe, effective, and may provide a savings in terms of professional time.
PPARγ activation enhances cell surface ENaCα via up‐regulation of SGK1 in human collecting duct cells (2003)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that belongs to the nuclear receptor family that plays a critical role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Here we report for the first time that PPARgamma is expressed in human renal cortical collecting ducts (CCD), segments of the nephor involved in regulation of sodium and water homeostasis via action of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). ENaC activity is regulated by the hormones aldosterone and insulin, primarily through co-ordinate actions on serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1). We show that SGK1 activity is stimulated by treatment of a human CCD cell line with PPARgamma agonists, paralleled by an increase in SGK1 mRNA that is abolished by pretreatment with a specific PPARgamma antagonist, and that this leads to increased levels of cell surface ENaCalpha. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggest that these effects are caused by binding of PPARgamma to a specific response element in the SGK1 promoter. Our results identify SGK1 as a target for PPARgamma and suggest a novel role for PPARgamma in regulation of sodium re-absorption in the CCD via stimulation of ENaC activity. This pathway may play a role in sodium retention caused by activation of PPARgamma in man.
Multimodality imaging of attenuated plaque using grayscale and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound and optical coherent tomography (2014)

Attenuated plaque with a maximal attenuation ≥30° vs. <30° (40 MHz, but not 20 MHz IVUS) were more likely to be associated with unstable lesion morphology that may contribute to the immediate poststenting CK-MB elevation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular calcification: expanding current paradigms (2016)

Vascular calcification is a major contributor to the progression of cardiovascular disease, one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries. New evidence on the mechanisms of mineralization identified calcification-competent extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from smooth muscle cells, valvular interstitial cells and macrophages as the mediators of calcification in diseased heart valves and atherosclerotic plaques. However, the regulation of EV release and the mechanisms of interaction between EVs and the extracellular matrix leading to the formation of destabilizing microcalcifications remain unclear. This review focuses on current limits in our understanding of EVs in cardiovascular disease and opens up new perspectives on calcific EV biogenesis, release and functions within and beyond vascular calcification. We propose that, unlike bone-derived matrix vesicles, a large population of EVs implicated in cardiovascular calcification are of exosomal origin. Moreover, the milieu-dependent loading of EVs with microRNA and calcification inhibitors fetuin-A and matrix Gla protein suggests a novel role for EVs in intercellular communication, adding a new mechanism to the pathogenesis of vascular mineralization. Similarly, the cell type-dependent enrichment of annexins 2, 5 or 6 in calcifying EVs posits one of several emerging factors implicated in the regulation of EV release and calcifying potential. This review aims to emphasize the role of EVs as essential mediators of calcification, a major determinant of cardiovascular mortality. Based on recent findings, we pinpoint potential targets for novel therapies to slow down the progression and promote the stability of atherosclerotic plaques.
Semi-insulating InP co-doped with Ti and Hg (1987)

We have grown semi-insulating InP ingots co-doped with Ti and Hg.The compensation mechanism is the following: the holes due to the shallow Hg acceptor are compensated by the titanium-related deep donor level situated at about E, -0.5 eV (T2: 300 K).Temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements are consistently interpreted using concentration data from SSMS and SIMS measurements.In these samples a Ti-related EPR signal is detected (g= 1.94 and ABpp = 450 G) and attributed to resonance into the *E ground state of Ti3'.
Novel Glycosidation of 4-Demethoxyanthracyclinones by the Use of Trimethylsilyl Triflate. Syntheses of Optically Active 4-Demethoxydaunorubicin and 4-Demethoxyadriamycin (1986)

Abstract Optically pure (+)-4-demethoxydaunorubicin has been prepared by a novel glycosidation reaction of (+)-4-demethoxydaunomycinone with (−)-3-N-trifluoroacetyl-1,4-bis(O-p-nitrobenzoyl)-l-daunosamine in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate, followed by sequential O- and N-deprotection reactions. Total synthesis of optically pure (+)-4-demethoxyadriamycin has been also accomplished by two different synthetic schemes, starting from (+)-4-demethoxydaunorubicin or by way of (+)-3′-N-trifluoroacetyl-4-demethoxyadriamycin. (+)-4-Demethoxyadriamycin prepared by our hands was fully characterized by its spectral properties.
GRANGER CAUSALITY ANALYSIS BETWEEN INTRA-OSSEOUS PRESSURE AND ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN AFRICAN GREY PARROTS (<i>PSITTACUS ERITHACUS</i>) (2021)

Monitoring blood pressure helps a clinical veterinarian assess various conditions in birds. Blood pressure is not only a bio-indicator of renal or cardiovascular disease but is also a vital indicator for anesthesia. Anesthetic- and sedation-related mortality is higher in birds than dogs or cats. The traditional method of blood pressure measurement in mammals mainly relies on indirect methods. However, indirect blood pressure measurement is not reliable in birds, making the direct method the only gold standard. Although an arterial catheter can provide continuous real-time arterial pressure in birds, the method requires technical skill and is limited by bird size, and is thus not practical in birds with circulatory collapse. Intra-osseous (IO) blood pressure is potentially related to arterial pressure and may be a much easier and safer technique that is less limited by animal size. However, the relationship between IO pressure and arterial blood pressure has not been established. This study used mathematical methods to determine the relationship between IO pressure and arterial blood pressure. The Granger causality (G.C.) theory was applied in the study and used to analyze which pressure signal was leading the other. Our findings suggest that IO pressure is G.C. by arterial blood pressure; thus, the use of IO pressure measurements as an alternative to arterial blood pressure measurement is a rational approach.
Advanced ultrasound activated lockin-thermography for defect selective depth-resolved imaging (2006)

Ultrasound activated Lockin-Thermography ("ultrasound attenuation mapping") is a defect selective NDT-technique. Its main advantage is a high probability of defect detection ("POD") since only defects produce a signal while all other features are suppressed. The mechanism involved is local sound absorption which turns a variably loaded defect into a heat source. Thermographic monitoring of elastic wave attenuation in defects was reported for the first time in 1979 by Henneke and colleagues for continuous and pulsed ultrasound injection. Later, amplitude modulated ultrasound was used to derive frequency coded phase angle images combining defect-selectivity with robustness of measurement. With mono-frequent ultrasound excitation a standing wave pattern might hide defects. With additional modulation of the ultrasound frequency such a misleading pattern can be minimized. Applications related to quality maintenance (aerospace, automotive industry) will be presented in order to illustrate the potential of frequency modulated ultrasound excitation and its applications.
FIGURES OF MERIT FOR MULTI-STAGE CRYOCOOLERS (2010)

The “coefficient of performance” (CoP) is often used as a measure of efficiency for single‐stage cryocoolers, but such a parameter is not well defined for multi‐stage cryocoolers. We propose a simple definition of an electrical “figure of merit” (FoM) representative of the distributed refrigeration power of multi‐stage cryocoolers, that resolves this issue for applications where heat‐sinking of power and signal leads at intermediate stages is an important end‐user requirement. Two cases are considered which yield somewhat different results. A Power Lead FoM (PL‐FoM) is derived, based on the largest electric current that can be flowed from ambient to the lowest temperature stage. A Signal Lead FoM (SL‐FoM) is also derived, based on achieving minimum electrical attenuation on the signal leads. Each FoM represents a temperature‐weighted combination of the heat lifts of the various stages. The two FoMs can aid in the selection of an optimal multi‐stage cryocooler for operation of superconducting devices, for example.
Emission Computer Assisted Tomography with Single-Photon and Positron Annihilation Photon Emitters (1977)

Computed transverse section emission tomography using 99mTc with the Anger camera is compared to positron annihilation coincident detection using a ring of crystals and 68Ga. The single-photon system has a line spread function (LSF) of 9 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) at the collimator and gives a transverse section reconstruction LSF of 11 mm FWHM with 144 views. The positron ring has a LSF of 6 mm at the center with a transverse section reconstruction LSF of 7.5 mm FWHM. Correction for uniformity of detector response and accurate center of rotation determination is essential in both techniques. The signal-to-noise ratio in a reconstruction is diminished by a factor of 1.2 x (number of resolution elements)1/4 over that expected from the average number of events per resolution element. Attenuation compensation causes more noise to appear in the center than the edge for both modes and an average increase in uncertainty of 30%. The effects of attenuation result in more loss of data for positron coincidence imaging than for single-photon imaging even at energies of 80 keV. For a 20-cm cylinder imaged in transverse section, only 20% of the positron annihilation events are not scattered; however, at 140 keV, 40% of the photons are not scattered. The relative crystal efficiency gives single-photon imaging an advantage of 5. On the other hand, the solid angle advantage of positron photon coincidence imaging is about 100 for the comparisons of this paper. Taking these factors into account, we find positron-computed section imaging has a tenfold increase in sensitivity over multiple-view imaging with the scintillation camera, which gives multiple sections but requires camera or patient rotation.
Rare systemic mycosis (2013)

(1) Rhodotorula infections, Malassezia infections, Wcikerhamomyces anomalus infections, Magnusiomyces capitatus (Dipodascus capitatus) infections Aspergillus voriconazole micafungin, caspofungin breakthrough infection scedosporiosis, zygomycosis 1-3) 4) 2011
Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Neprilysin Targets and The Metabolism of Natriuretic Peptides in Chronic Heart Failure: A Mechanistic Clinical Study (2018)

Sacubitril/valsartan rapidly and strongly reduced sNEP activity, leading to an increase in levels of NEP substrates. These data suggest a pleiotropic favourable impact of sacubitril/valsartan on the metabolism of HF patients with ANP rather than BNP as major effectors amongst natriuretic peptides.