gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and sequence determination of 5'-terminal oligonucleotide fragments of RNA transcripts synthesized by bacteriophage T3-induced RNA polymerase from T3 DNA. (1980)

The nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal oligonucleotides produced by pancreatic RNase digestion of bacteriophage T3 RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) transcripts of T3 DNA has been determined. The sequence determination is based upon a simple isolation procedure for the 5'-terminal oligonucleotides. This procedure involves treatment of pancreatic RNase digests of alpha 32P-labeled T3 RNA polymerase transcripts with bovine brain exoribonuclease to remove oligonucleotides with free 5'-hydroxyl termini and then chromatographing the products on hydroxylapatite to resolve the remaining oligonucleotides having 5'-phosphate termini. By application of standard two-dimensional separation and sequence techniques, the major 5'-end sequences deduced were pppGpGpGpApGpApGpApY(Y = pyrimidine nucleoside) and pppGpGpGpApGpApCp. In addition, the sequences of other minor 5'-terminal oligonucleotides observed on homochromatograms were also determined. The sequences of these 5'-oligonucleotides were pppGpGpGpApApCpY, pppGpGpGpApApUpY, pppGpGp(2-4 Gp, 2-3 ApGp)..., and pppGpGpGp.... These results demonstrate that T3 phage-induced RNA polymerase possesses a high degree of specificity in the initiation of RNA chains.
Fluorescent and Photochemical Properties of a Single Zinc Finger Conjugated to a Fluorescent DNA-Binding Probe (2000)

A single zinc finger derived from the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been tethered to the intercalating fluorophore thiazole orange, and the DNA recognition characteristics of the conjugate have been examined. DNA sequence specificity for the peptide-dye conjugate, determined by steady-state fluorescence measurements and photoactivated DNA cleavage experiments, reproduce the binding features of response element recognition found in the native GR. The thiazole orange is able to intercalate and fluoresce when the conjugate binds, at concentrations where little fluorescence is observed from either the conjugate alone or the conjugate mixed with DNA lacking the zinc finger target sequence. The conjugate preferentially targets a 5'-TGTTCT-3' sequence (the native glucocorticoid receptor element) with a dissociation constant of about 25 nM. Lower binding affinities (up to 10-fold) are observed for single site variants of this sequence, and much lower affinity (40-50-fold) is observed for binding to the estrogen response element (which differs from the glucocorticoid receptor element at two positions) as well as to nonspecific DNA. Footprinting reactions show a 4-6 base pair region that is protected by the zinc finger moiety. Photocleavage assays reveal a several base pair region flanking the recognition sequence where the tethered thiazole orange moiety is able to intercalate and subsequently cleave DNA upon visible light exposure. Thiazole orange is also shown to oxidize the 5'-G of remote GG sequences, depending on the details of the intervening DNA sequence. Small synthetic protein-dye conjugates such as this one are potentially useful for a variety of purposes including sequence-specific probes that work under physiological conditions (without melting and hybridization of DNA), sequence-specific photocleavage agents, and self-assembling components in electron and energy transfer systems that utilize DNA as a scaffold and/or photochemical medium.
A new conceptional PWM DC-DC converter with zero-voltage switching incorporating non-controlled saturable reactors (2003)

A constant-frequency, phase-shifted-mode, PWM (pulse-width-modulated) DC-DC power converter is described which incorporates two-stage inverters with high-frequency transformer links and saturable reactors as nonlinear elements. The proposed converter performs efficient zero-voltage switching over a large load range (no limitation for load range) and a wide voltage regulation range. Its steady-state characteristics are evaluated and discussed on the basis of computer simulation and experimental results. The experiments were carried out with a 0.5 kW 500 kHz breadboard, and power conversion efficiency of more than 88% was obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic work of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from April 1941 through March 1942 (1942)

Most of the magnetic observations of the past year were directly related to military purposes, and consequently cannot be discussed at this time. They were scattered along the East, Gulf, and West coasts, with a few in the Eastern States.
Optimal therapy for thymoma (2008)

Thymoma is the most common tumor of the anterior mediastinum. This tumor is associated with unique paraneoplastic syndromes (myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and other autoimmune diseases). The rarity of this tumor has somewhat obscured the optimal treatment. Although the histologic classification of thymoma has remained a subject of controversy for many years, the WHO classification system, published in 1999, appeared to be an advance in our understanding of thymoma. The optimal treatment for thymoma depends on its clinical stage. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for thymic epithelial tumors. Thymomas also have a high response rate to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Only surgical resection is performed for patients with stage I (non-invasive) thymoma. The value of postoperative radiotherapy in completely resected stage II or III tumors is questionable. Multimodality therapy involving surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy appears to increase the rate of complete resection and survival in advanced (stage III and IV) thymomas.
8′- and 9′-Methoxyabscisic Acids as Antimetabolic Analogs of Abscisic Acid (1994)

Journal Article 8′- and 9′-Methoxyabscisic Acids as Antimetabolic Analogs of Abscisic Acid Get access Yasushi Todoroki, Yasushi Todoroki Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobuhiro Hirai, Nobuhiro Hirai Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koichi Koshimizu Koichi Koshimizu Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 58, Issue 4, 1 January 1994, Pages 707–715, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.58.707 Published: 01 January 1994 Article history Received: 04 October 1993 Published: 01 January 1994
Synthesis of Iridium Pyridinyl N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and Their Catalytic Activities on Reduction of Nitroarenes (2007)

Coordination of iridium(I) metal ions with a pyridinyl imidazol-2-ylidene ligand (pyNwedgeC-R) [R=Me, mesityl(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)] that processes bulky substituents has been investigated. The iridium carbene complexes [(C-pyNwedgeC-R)IrCl(COD)] (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) are prepared via transmetalation from the corresponding silver carbene complexes. Upon the abstraction of chloride, the chelation of pyNwedgeC becomes feasible, resulting in the formation of [C,N-(pyNwedgeC-R)Ir(COD)](BF4) (4). The coordinated COD of complex 4 can be replaced by carbon monoxide to yield the corresponding carbonyl species [C,N-(pyNwedgeC-R)Ir(CO)2](BF4). The labile nature of the pyridinyl nitrogen donor is readily replaced by acetonitrile, as is evidenced by the NMR study. All iridium complexes show catalytic activity on the hydrogen-transfer reduction of carbonyl and nitro functionalities. By manipulation of the reaction conditions, the iridium-catalyzed reduction of nitroarenes can selectively provide aniline or azo compounds as the desired product.
External Event-Based Test Cases for Mobile Application (2008)

In recent years, research on mobile application testing is becoming popular. Testing of mobile application is more complicated compared to other applications such as web applications. User interactions in web applications are limited to its GUI through the mouse and keyboard. On the other hand, mobile applications are also influenced by external events like phone calls, GPS, and hardware sensors.
Conclusion (1970)

According to Kant, then, the various rules of morality are based upon a Moral Law that is pure and a priori. It is pure in that it does not contain concepts borrowed from experience of the world and based upon natural inclinations, and it is a priori in that it is necessarily valid always and for everyone. The Categorical Imperative gives expression to this Law by indicating its applicability to all persons, its equal recognition of all persons and its free acknowledgment by all persons. It is not in itself a prescription for particular actions, but violations of particular moral rules can be shown to go against it. The cheat and the misanthrope act on principles that could not be applied to all persons, do not recognise all persons as ends in themselves and could not be freely acknowledged by all persons as rules it would be reasonable for them all to conform to. The a priori character of the Moral Law is contrasted by Kant with the empirical character of the rules for obtaining happiness. These are learned from experience and do not lay an inescapable obligation upon everyone. If I get my pleasures in different ways from you I need not follow the rules that you follow in order to get yours. We find the rules for happy living by trial and error, and it would be absurd to stick to them when they no longer serve their purpose.
Adaptive vocabularies for transcribing multilingual broadcast news (2002)

One of the most prevailing problems of large-vocabulary speech recognition systems is the large number of out-of-vocabulary words. This is especially the case for automatically transcribing broadcast news in languages other than English, that have a large number of inflections and compound words. We introduce a set of techniques to decrease the number of out-of-vocabulary words during recognition by using linguistic knowledge about morphology and a two-pass recognition approach, where the first pass only serves to dynamically adapt the recognition dictionary to the speech segment to be recognized. A second recognition run is then carried out on the adapted vocabulary. With the proposed techniques we were able to reduce the OOV-rate by more than 40% thereby also improving the recognition results by an absolute 5.8% from a 64% word accuracy to 69.8%.
Distributed coordination in dynamic spectrum allocation networks (2005)

Device coordination in open spectrum systems is a challenging problem, particularly since users experience varying spectrum availability over time and location. We propose a distributed coordination approach that handles spectrum heterogeneity without relying on the existence of a preassigned common control channel. Our approach carries potential to provide robust operation under network dynamics. While this approach can be implemented by upgrading the legacy protocol stack without modifying the MAC protocol, we also describe modifications to the MAC protocol that address spectrum heterogeneity and significantly improve system performance. Experimental results show that the proposed distributed coordination scheme outperforms the existing coordination schemes by 25-35% in throughput and provides 50% of delay reduction
65-nm node photomask etching with zero CD process bias (2005)

A robust photomask etching process was studied and developed for 65 nm node photomask production with zero CD process bias. The fabrication process, including pattern generation and transfer do not use data sizing, saving photomask delivery time, improving yield, and reducing fabrication costs. The photomask patterns, without using data sizing cover chrome loads from about 1 percent to 80 percent. For 65 nm critical layer EAPSM, the CD bias of Cr and MoSi etching together is equal to or less than about 20 nm for high and low load photomasks. The etch process and dose adjustment on the 50 keV e-beam writer allow for zero CD process bias, i.e. the data sizing becomes unnecessary in the 65 nm node photomask fabrication. The SMIF pot utilization in both pattern generation and transfer processes significantly improved the defectivity control. Cr and MoSi etch endpoints of 1% load photomasks were clearly detected. Point-to-point CD etch contributions for dark and clear features are 5 nm (3 sigma) or less and final CD value ranges are 8 nm or less. CD etch linearity and other etch properties on SRAF and serif are also discussed. An equation was proposed for calculating phase angle non-uniformity distribution, and phase angle range can be controlled in the range of 1.4±0.3 degree. "Self-mask", i.e. using AR sub-layer as hard mask for beneath chromium sub-layer etch was also discussed.
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Peritoneal Membrane Failure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (2007)

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a form of renal replacement and is based on the use of the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane across which ultrafiltration and diffusion take place. Nevertheless, continuous exposure to bioincompatible PD solutions and episodes of peritonitis or hemoperitoneum cause acute and chronic inflammation and injury to the peritoneal membrane, which progressively undergoes fibrosis and angiogenesis and, ultimately, ultrafiltration failure. The pathophysiologic mechanisms that are involved in peritoneal functional impairment have remained elusive. Resident fibroblasts and infiltrating inflammatory cells have been considered the main entities that are responsible for structural and functional alterations of the peritoneum. Recent findings, however, demonstrated that new fibroblastic cells may arise from local conversion of mesothelial cells (MC) by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the inflammatory and repair responses that are induced by PD and pointed to MC as protagonists of peritoneal membrane deterioration. Submesothelial myofibroblasts, which participate in inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix accumulation, and angiogenesis, can originate from activated resident fibroblasts and from MC through EMT. This heterogeneous origin of myofibroblasts reveals new pathogenic mechanisms and offers novel therapeutic possibilities. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances on understanding the mechanisms that are implicated in peritoneal structural alterations, which have allowed the identification of the EMT of MC as a potential therapeutic target of membrane failure.
Conventional versus high-porosity polytetrafluoroethylene grafts: clinical evaluation. (1992)

In baboons, nonreinforced (unwrapped) 60 microns internodal distance polytetrafluoroethylene grafts form a complete endothelial lining within 2 weeks by capillary ingrowth through the wall. Smooth muscle cells then grow under the endothelium and proliferate to form a complete neointima. To determine if spontaneous endothelialization of these grafts can also occur in humans, 10 above-knee femoropopliteal grafts composed of equal lengths of 60 and 30 microns polytetrafluoroethylene were placed in eight patients. These grafts were reinforced (wrapped) for human use. Because biopsy of the grafts was not possible, endothelialization was assessed noninvasively by 111In-labeled platelet imaging 1 week and 3 months after surgery. There was no difference in indium uptake between 60 and 30 microns segments at either time. Histologic sections were available from 60 microns segments of two patients who underwent operation for graft thrombosis. Capillary ingrowth was seen in these grafts, but it rarely extended more than half the distance from the outside of the graft to the lumen. Smooth muscle cells were not seen on the flow surface, indicating that a neointima had not formed. These findings demonstrate that capillary ingrowth can occur in 60 microns grafts in humans but does not produce an endothelial lining. The failure to endothelialize is perhaps a result of inadequacy of angiogenesis in adult humans or retardation of capillary ingrowth by the reinforcing wrap.
Raloxifene to Prevent Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist-Induced Bone Loss in Men with Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2004)

GnRH agonists decrease bone mineral density and increase fracture risk in men with prostate cancer. Raloxifene increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, but its efficacy in hypogonadal men is not known. In a 12-month open-label study, men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (n = 48) who were receiving a GnRH agonist were assigned randomly to raloxifene (60 mg/d) or no raloxifene. Bone mineral densities of the posteroanterior lumbar spine and proximal femur were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Mean (+/-se) bone mineral density of the posteroanterior lumbar spine increased by 1.0 +/- 0.9% in men treated with raloxifene and decreased by 1.0 +/- 0.6% in men who did not receive raloxifene (P = 0.07). Bone mineral density of the total hip increased by 1.1 +/- 0.4% in men treated with raloxifene and decreased by 2.6 +/- 0.7% in men who did not receive raloxifene (P < 0.001). Similar between-group differences were observed in the femoral neck (P = 0.06) and trochanter (P < 0.001). In men receiving a GnRH agonist, raloxifene significantly increases bone mineral density of the hip and tends to increase bone mineral density of the spine.
Trace metal, acute phase and metabolic response to endotoxin in metallothionein-null mice (1996)

Accumulation of hepatic zinc via metallothionein (MT) induction during infection/inflammation is postulated to benefit a range of metabolic processes. The metabolic consequences of two doses of endotoxin (LPS) (1 and 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were examined in normal (MT+/+) and MT-null (MT-/-) mice (all results means =/- S.E.M., n=6). At 16 h after 1 mg/kg LPS, hypozincaemia was pronounced in the MT+/+ mice (4.4+/-0.2 microM), concomitant with a 36% increase in hepatic Zn and a > 10-fold increase in hepatic MT. Plasma Zn (16.6+/-0.7 microM) and total hepatic Zn were unchanged in MT -/- mice, confirming the importance of MT in altering plasma and hepatic Zn during inflammation. Plasma iron was lower in LPS-treated MT-/- mice, whereas plasma copper increased to a similar extent in both groups of mice. Plasma fibrinogen more than doubled, and was similar in both groups of mice, which questions the importance of MT in acute-phase protein synthesis. Blood and liver glucose concentrations were not significantly different between groups before or after LPS, whereas blood and liver lactate concentrations were significantly lower (31% and 24% respectively) in MT-/- mice after LPS. At 16 h after 5 mg/kg LPS, plasma Zn was decreased even further in MT+/+ mice (2.6+/-0.3 microM), but remained unchanged in MT-/- mice at concentrations significantly above those in 16-h fasted MT-/- mice (15.8+/-0.5 versus 11.3+/-0.3 microM). Total liver Zn was 17% lower than fasting values in MT-/- mice, in contrast with 32% higher in MT+/+ mice. Synthesis of MT (in MT+/+ mice) and fibrinogen in all mice was not further enhanced by the higher LPS dose. Blood glucose was significantly decreased by 18% in MT+/+ mice and by 38% in MT-/- mice after 5 mg/kg LPS. There was a marked 44% decrease in liver glucose in MT-/- mice; that in MT+/+ mice was unchanged from fasting levels, implying a deficit in hepatic gluconeogenesis in LPS-treated MT-/- mice. In the absence of any indication of major hepatotoxicity, the results of this study indicate that energy production, and not acute-phase protein synthesis, may be most influenced by Zn supply during endotoxaemia, suggesting that MT has a role in maintaining hepatic and blood glucose in this metabolic setting.
Improvements of silicon integrated GOx micro enzyme reactors by the use of porous silicon as a surface enlarging matrix (2002)

Micro flow-through cells were fabricated in silicon and were designed to work as micro enzyme reactors (columns) for glucose monitoring. The reactor design comprised a parallel channel structure with 32 channels, 50 /spl mu/m wide. A reactor with vertical channels yields a much larger surface area than a corresponding v-groove channel structure. Therefore, [110] silicon was used to allow the fabrication of channels with vertical walls (channel depth was 250 /spl mu/m). Glucose oxidase (GOx) can be immobilized to the silicon surface and earlier measurements have shown that the increase in enzyme activity corresponded to the surface area increase of such a channel structure. A new approach to surface enlargement was investigated. Planar silicon surfaces were anodised in an HF/ethanol etchant, yielding a spongious nanoporous silicon surface. Dice with three different porosities were fabricated and GOx was coupled to the porous dice. The increase in enzyme activity due to surface enlargement of the nanoporous structure was 33 times compared to a planar surface. The two surface enlarging strategies (vertical channel reactors and porous silicon) were subsequently combined, giving a parallel vertical channel structure covered by a porous silicon layer. This reactor structure displayed an enzyme activity increase of 100 times when compared to a non-porous channel structure.
An overview of catalog design problems in resource discovery (1996)

Discusses some of the problems designers face in building catalogs in large networks and relates them back to the resource discovery problem. Currently many catalogs tend to be built in an ad hoc fashion ‐ which leads to a great variety in the quality of publicly accessible network catalogs. Furthermore, the research surrounding these catalogs tends to focus on narrow technical issues ‐ resulting in difficult‐to‐use catalogs. Addresses this problem by providing a usability framework based on the library science and human computer interaction literature, and demonstrates some of those principles via an example of a prototype. Results are interesting to resource discovery tool developers in that a framework for understanding the general resource discovery problem is provided and some techniques for dealing with those problems are presented.
Incorporation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots into Silica Microspheres (2008)

We describe the synthesis of magnetic and fluorescent silica microspheres fabricated by incorporating maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (MPs) and CdSe/CdZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) into a silica shell around preformed silica microspheres. The resultant approximately 500 nm microspheres have a narrow size distribution and show uniform incorporation of QDs and MPs into the shell. We have demonstrated manipulation of these microspheres using an external magnetic field with real-time fluorescence microscopy imaging.
Customized television: standards compliant advanced digital television (2002)

This paper describes a European Union supported collaborative project called CustomTV based on the premise that future TV sets will provide all sorts of multimedia information and interactivity, as well as manage all such services according to each user's or group of user's preferences/profiles. We have demonstrated the potential of recent standards (MPEG-4 and MPEG-7) to implement such a scenario by building the following services: an advanced EPG, weather forecasting, and stock exchange/flight information.