gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SmartSantander: Experimentation and service provision in the smart city (2013)

This paper describes the deployment and high-level architecture of the Internet of Things experimentation facility being deployed at Santander city. SmartSantander is a unique in the world city-scale experimental research facility in support of typical applications and services for a smart city. The testbed that has been deployed has a dual purpose. On the one hand it will allow real-world experimentation on Internet-of-Things related technologies (protocols, middlewares, applications, etc.). On the other hand it is currently supporting the provision of smart city services aimed at enhancing the quality of life in the city of Santander. Tangible results are expected to greatly influence definition and specification of Future Internet architecture design from viewpoints of Internet of Things and Internet of Services. This paper presents the physical deployment carried out in the city of Santander and the high-level architecture supporting the experimentation and service provision duality. Moreover, a brief description of the mechanisms supporting the experimentation life cycle will be done. Finally, the services that are being provided to the city will also be sketched. This is the accepted version of a work published in 2013 16th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC). The definitive version can be found at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6618633. This work has been funded by research project SmartSantander, under FP7-ICT-2009-5 of the 7th Framework Programme of the European Community. © National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) Authors retain the right to reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above paper for authors’ personal use or for company use if the source and WPMC copyright notice is indicated. Based on this, conference paper is also available at https://hdl.handle.net/10902/32540.
Sur les variétés algébroïdes (1950)

Démonstration du fait que toute variété algébroïde de dimension <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> et dont toutes les sections hyperplanes sont algébriques est algébrique : on se ramène au cas d’une hypersurface ; et la démonstration de ce cas ne fait appel qu’à des propriétés élémentaires des séries formelles. Après l’étude de la répartition des hyperplans qui déterminent sur une hypersurface algébroïde des sections algébriques, le résultat précédent est appliqué à une simplification du théorème de W.L. Chow “toute variété analytique compacte de l’espace projectif complexe est algébrique” : on se ramène au cas d’une courbe plane, et, dans ce cas, un résultat de théorie des multiplicités d’intersection rend la démonstration fort simple. Enfin, il est démontré que, si un diviseur d’une variété algébrique est localement une intersection complète au sens algébroïde, il l’est aussi au sens algébrique.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>I</mml:mi><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>tetraquark state (2008)

We study the tetraquark state with ${I}^{G}{J}^{PC}={0}^{+}{1}^{\ensuremath{-}+}$ in the QCD sum rule. We exhaust all possible flavor structures by using a diquark-antidiquark construction and find that the flavor structure $(\overline{\mathbf{3}}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\overline{\mathbf{6}})\ensuremath{\bigoplus}(\mathbf{6}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathbf{3})$ is preferred. There are altogether four independent currents which have the quark contents $qs\overline{q}\overline{s}$. By using both the Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov sum rule and the finite energy sum rule, these currents lead to mass estimates around 1.8--2.1 GeV, where the uncertainty is due to the mixing of two single currents. Its possible decay modes are $S$-wave ${b}_{1}(1235)\ensuremath{\eta}$ and ${b}_{1}(1235){\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, and $P$-wave $KK$, $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\eta}$, $\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, and ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, etc. The decay width is around 150 MeV through a rough estimation.
Problems with the use of Op-Site sutureless skin closures in orthopaedic procedures. (1983)

Op-Site sutureless skin closures were compared with continuous nylon sutures in a controlled trial involving 55 major orthopaedic procedures. Three major problems were identified in the sutureless skin closure group--safety, accuracy of skin edge apposition, and ease of use. Op-Site sutureless skin closures were found to have a better cosmetic result, were more comfortable and had a lower rate of wound inflammation. Op-Site skin closures are a useful adjunct to sutures but will not replace them.
Bioelectric Stimulation of Bone Formation: Methods, Models, and Mechanisms (1982)

The use of electromagnetic fields and currents to enhance the growth of bone tissue and to help heal difficult fractures continues to gain increasing attention. The literature reveals many differing techniques and animal models and a dearth of studies of the mecha-nism(s) that might explain the phenomenon. The present review attempts to approach the subject from the point of view of methods used, rather than its historical development. It is meant as a guide and primer, relying on the bibliography for further detail. After surveying the technqiues and their features, and the model experiments that have been used to demonstrate bone growth, an outline of the possible mechanisms is presented in the hope that a basic understanding and unification of underlying principles might someday evolve from the empirical approach of the past.
Amplification of the c-myc Proto-oncogene in Human Chondrosarcoma (1992)

The genomic organization of four oncogenes, i.e., c-myc, c-myb, c-Ha-ras, and c-fms, was investigated in fresh surgical specimens from 10 patients with cartilaginous tumors. Among nine chondrosarcomas, six were primary lesions and three local recurrences. The remaining case was a chondroblastoma. Amplification of the c-myc proto-oncogene was the sole abnormality detected in this series, occurring in two chondrosarcomas (four- and eight-fold). No other genetic alteration such as oncogene rearrangement was found. Nor was there any amplification of the other oncogenes studied. Both c-myc-amplified tumors were primary lesions and histologically classified as grade II; according to flow DNA cytometry, one was diploid and the other aneuploid. In our limited series, there was no overall relationship between c-myc amplification, on the one hand, and histologic subtype, malignancy grade, surgical stage, or ploidy level, on the other. Our study shows that amplification of the c-myc oncogene, presumed to be involved in the development of malignancy, is encountered in occasional human chondrosarcomas, however, without any relationship to other well-known features of this tumor entity. The clinical significance of this gene amplification remains to be established.
Laser speckle and combinations of speckle fields (1995)

Measurement methods based on the phenomenon known as coherent light speckle have become increasingly important in recent years. The development of electronic speckle pattern interferometry, in which the speckle patterns are acquired by a television system and then combined in a computer to create fringe patterns that can be displayed on a television monitor, has generated additional interest in speckle methods.
스페인어권 화자를 위한 한국문화교육의 현황과 과제 －칠레가톨릭대학교의 한국문화수업 발표 사례를 중심으로－ (2008)

The purpose of this article is to describe the current situation of Korean culture education in the Spanish-speaking world and to suggest some ideas for its future development. This article does not examine the cultural differences between Korean speakers and Spanish speakers from the anthropological point of view, but the importance of the cultural differences must be recognized and stressed. The aim of Korean culture education is to show how the Korean cultures settles down in a general framework through the reflection of likenesses and differences between Korean culture and the other culture. In this sence, cultural relativism is very important in this globalized world. In this article, the author explains that the foreign students have an interest in knowing not only the positive things about Korean culture but also the negative facets. The teacher should never communicate a sense of cultural superiority over the others. He/She should interprete the Korean culture from a non-occidental point of view and let the students compare two cultures from their own point of view. In this globalized world, the students receive all kinds of information through innumerable and various ways. The successful Korean culture class has to be open-minded to hear the students` interpretations about Korean culture from their own cultural code. (Pontifical Catholic University of Chile)
Sodium Butyrate Upregulates miR-203 Expression to Exert Anti-Proliferation Effect on Colorectal Cancer Cells (2016)

NaBt could induce CRC cell apoptosis, inhibit CRC cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion through miR-203/NEDD9 cascade. The present study may enrich the mechanisms underlying the process that NaBt exerts anti-tumor effects on CRC cells.
A Power Optimized Pipelined Analog-to-Digital Converter Design in Deep Sub-Micron CMOS Technology (2005)

High-speed, medium-resolution, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are important building blocks in a wide range of applications. High-speed, medium-resolution ADCs have been implemented by various ADC architectures such as a folding ADC, a subranging ADC, and a pipeline ADC. Among them, pipeline ADCs have proven to be efficient architectures for applications such as digital communication systems, data acquisition systems and video systems. Especially, power dissipation is a primary concern in applications requiring portability. Thus, the objective of this work is to design and build a low-voltage low-power medium-resolution (8-10bits) high-speed pipeline ADC in deep sub-micron CMOS technology.\nThe non-idealities of the circuit realization are carefully investigated in order to identify the circuit requirements for a low power circuit design of a pipeline ADC. The resolution per stage plays an important role in determining overall power dissipation of a pipeline ADC. The pros and cons of both large and small number of bits per-stage are examined. A power optimization algorithm is developed to decide more accurately which approach is better for lower power dissipation. Both identical and non-identical number of bit per-stage approaches are considered and their differences are analyzed.\nA low-power, low-voltage 10-bit 100Msamples/s pipeline ADC was designed and implemented in a 0.18mm CMOS process. The power consumption was minimized with the right selection of the per-stage resolution based on the result of the power optimization algorithm and by the scaling down the sampling capacitor size in subsequent stages.
Claudin 1 in Breast Tumorigenesis: Revelation of a Possible Novel “Claudin High” Subset of Breast Cancers (2010)

Claudins are the major component of the tight junctions in epithelial cells and as such play a key role in the polarized location of ion channels, receptors, and enzymes to the different membrane domains. In that regard, claudins are necessary for the harmonious development of a functional epithelium. Moreover, defective tight junctions have been associated with the development of neoplastic phenotype in epithelial cells. Breakdown of cell-cell interactions and deregulation of the expression of junctional proteins are therefore believed to be key steps in invasion and metastasis. Several studies suggest that the claudins are major participants in breast tumorigenesis. In this paper, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the potential role of claudin 1 in breast cancer. We also discuss the significance of a subset of estrogen receptor negative breast cancers which express "high" levels of the claudin 1 protein. We propose that claudin 1 functions both as a tumor suppressor as well as a tumor enhancer/facilitator in breast cancer.
[Oral hygiene and dental status in patients with squamous cell cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract]. (1991)

Dental status and oral hygiene were investigated in a case-control study of 100 patients suffering from head and neck cancer and 214 age- and sex-matched controls. The dental status and paradontal status are poor in cancer patients. The number of decayed or missing teeth was significantly higher in our patients compared with controls. Furthermore, in the tumour group the rate of moderate or severe gingivitis and the presence of extensive tartar were significantly higher. These findings are mainly due to poor oral hygiene. Few of the cancer patients ever brushed their teeth, and the number of dental check-ups was significantly lower than in control subjects. Poor oral hygiene is predominantly an expression of self-neglect due to chronic alcohol consumption, which was present in nearly all of our patients. Furthermore, it seems to be related to an unsatisfactory health education in the lower social strata, to which most of cancer patients belong.
User-centric intercell interference coordination in small cell networks (2014)

Small cell networks provide an effective way to meet the explosive growth of mobile data traffic, which, however, complicates the network structure and makes intercell interference management more challenging. One existing interference management approach is to divide the whole network into disjoint clusters, with base stations (BSs) within each cluster doing interference coordination, but the performance will then be limited by the cluster edge users. In this paper, a novel intercell interference coordination method is proposed from the user's point of view. Each mobile user will request some neighboring BSs for interference avoidance, which is based on the relative distance between the home BS and the interfering BSs, called as the interference coordination (IC) range. In this way, the most critical interfering sources for each user can be suppressed, and thus there will be no edge user. We derive an accurate approximation for the successful transmission probability of a typical user with the proposed interference coordination method, based on which the optimal IC range can be obtained. Simulation results demonstrate a significant performance gain for the proposed method, and also show that it outperforms the existing BS clustering method.
A commercial laser interferometer for length measurement by fringe counting (1970)

The advantages of length measurement by fringe counting are described. The instrument employs a stabilized frequency source which maintains the frequency to ± 1 part in 107, for a temperature range of at least 26 deg C. The error rate due to amplifier noise in the fringe circuits is negligible, and 20% drift can be tolerated. A measuring accuracy of 3 parts in 106 in average atmospheric conditions is achieved with an economical wavelength to inch and millimetre conversion method.
Late‐Stage Formulation Development and Characterization of Biopharmaceuticals (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Forced Degradation Studies for Characterizing Robustness to Stress DOE as a Formulation Characterization Tool Conclusions References
MicroRNA let-7c inhibits Bcl-xl expression and regulates ox-LDL-induced endothelial apoptosis (2012)

Endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is thought to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of genes involved in diverse cell functions, including differentiation, growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. MiRNA let-7 family is known to be involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis. However, the function of let-7 in ox-LDL induced ECs apoptosis and atherosclerosis is still unknown. Here, we show that let-7c expression was markedly up-regulated in ox-LDL induced apoptotic human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Let-7c over-expression enhanced apoptosis in ECs whereas inhibition of let-7c could partly alleviate apoptotic cell death mediated by ox-LDL. Searching for how let-7c affected apoptosis, we discovered that antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xl was a direct target of let-7c in ECs. Our data suggest that let-7c contributes to endothelial apoptosis through suppression of Bcl-xl.
Skin tumor promotion by phorbol esters is a two-stage process. (1981)

In the semisynthetic compound phorbol 12-retinoate 13-acetate (PRA), the antipromoting principle of vitamin A acid is combined with the structure of a phorbol ester tumor promoter. In skin of NMRI mice, a single topical application of PRA induces skin inflammation, epidermal proliferation, and sustained hyperplasia to a similar extent and apparently along the same pathway as an equimolar dose of the strong tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The mitogenic effects of both PRA and PMA are mediated by prostaglandin E synthesis. However, in mouse skin initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, PRA does not promote tumor development, even at a high dose. Under continuous PRA treatment, however, one to four applications of PMA (insufficient by itself to promote tumor growth) gave a strong tumor response. Thus, it can be demonstrated that the effects necessary for tumor promotion can be brought about by a single application of PMA and that the subsequent chronic hyperproliferation of epidermis is probably necessary only to make the tumors visible. By using the nonpromoting irritant mitogen PRA, the concept of two-stage tumor promotion can thus be strongly supported. Furthermore, in the NMRI mouse, PRA is a much more potent second-stage promoter than mezerein, recently reported to be an incomplete promoter in the Sencar mouse.
Long‐Range Tunneling Processes across Ferritin‐Based Junctions (2015)

The mechanism of long-range charge transport across tunneling junctions with monolayers of ferritin is investigated. It is shown that the mechanism can be switched between coherent tunneling, sequential tunneling, and hopping by changing the iron content inside the ferritin. This study shows that ferritins are an interesting class of biomolecules to control charge transport.
<title>Enhancement and reconstruction of thermographic NDT data</title> (2002)

Visualization and analysis of pulsed thermographic data for NDT has generally been based on simple image averaging, subtraction or slope operations. Quantitative contrast methods, based on comparison to a defect free reference point or region, have also been used to a lesser extent. Despite their widespread use, all of these methods are highly susceptible to noise, nonlinearity of the IR camera response, and the presence of surface features on the sample. More importantly, the ability of any of these methods to significantly improve the ability to retrieve deep or weak subsurface features beyond the original unmodified image is limited. In a previous paper, we introduced the concept of Thermographic Signal Reconstruction (TSR) as a means of enhancing defect to background contrast while reducing the amount of data that must be stored by an order of magnitude. The TSR method increases the depth range over which pulsed thermography can be applied, and also reduces the amount of blurring due to lateral diffusion that is typical of thermographic imaging. In this paper we compare TSR with conventional thermographic approaches and consider the mechanisms for the resulting performance improvements.
An immunologic portrait of cancer (2011)

The advent of high-throughput technology challenges the traditional histopathological classification of cancer, and proposes new taxonomies derived from global transcriptional patterns. Although most of these molecular re-classifications did not endure the test of time, they provided bulk of new information that can reframe our understanding of human cancer biology. Here, we focus on an immunologic interpretation of cancer that segregates oncogenic processes independent from their tissue derivation into at least two categories of which one bears the footprints of immune activation. Several observations describe a cancer phenotype where the expression of interferon stimulated genes and immune effector mechanisms reflect patterns commonly observed during the inflammatory response against pathogens, which leads to elimination of infected cells. As these signatures are observed in growing cancers, they are not sufficient to entirely clear the organism of neoplastic cells but they sustain, as in chronic infections, a self-perpetuating inflammatory process. Yet, several studies determined an association between this inflammatory status and a favorable natural history of the disease or a better responsiveness to cancer immune therapy. Moreover, these signatures overlap with those observed during immune-mediated cancer rejection and, more broadly, immune-mediated tissue-specific destruction in other immune pathologies. Thus, a discussion concerning this cancer phenotype is warranted as it remains unknown why it occurs in immune competent hosts. It also remains uncertain whether a genetically determined response of the host to its own cancer, the genetic makeup of the neoplastic process or a combination of both drives the inflammatory process. Here we reflect on commonalities and discrepancies among studies and on the genetic or somatic conditions that may cause this schism in cancer behavior.
A Comparative Analysis of Community Detection Algorithms on Artificial Networks (2016)

Many community detection algorithms have been developed to uncover the mesoscopic properties of complex networks. However how good an algorithm is, in terms of accuracy and computing time, remains still open. Testing algorithms on real-world network has certain restrictions which made their insights potentially biased: the networks are usually small, and the underlying communities are not defined objectively. In this study, we employ the Lancichinetti-Fortunato-Radicchi benchmark graph to test eight state-of-the-art algorithms. We quantify the accuracy using complementary measures and algorithms' computing time. Based on simple network properties and the aforementioned results, we provide guidelines that help to choose the most adequate community detection algorithm for a given network. Moreover, these rules allow uncovering limitations in the use of specific algorithms given macroscopic network properties. Our contribution is threefold: firstly, we provide actual techniques to determine which is the most suited algorithm in most circumstances based on observable properties of the network under consideration. Secondly, we use the mixing parameter as an easily measurable indicator of finding the ranges of reliability of the different algorithms. Finally, we study the dependency with network size focusing on both the algorithm's predicting power and the effective computing time.