gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computing symmetrical strength of N-grams: a two pass filtering approach in automatic classification of text documents (2016)

The contiguous sequences of the terms (N-grams) in the documents are symmetrically distributed among different classes. The symmetrical distribution of the N-Grams raises uncertainty in the belongings of the N-Grams towards the class. In this paper, we focused on the selection of most discriminating N-Grams by reducing the effects of symmetrical distribution. In this context, a new text feature selection method named as the symmetrical strength of the N-Grams (SSNG) is proposed using a two pass filtering based feature selection (TPF) approach. Initially, in the first pass of the TPF, the SSNG method chooses various informative N-Grams from the entire extracted N-Grams of the corpus. Subsequently, in the second pass the well-known Chi Square (χ(2)) method is being used to select few most informative N-Grams. Further, to classify the documents the two standard classifiers Multinomial Naive Bayes and Linear Support Vector Machine have been applied on the ten standard text data sets. In most of the datasets, the experimental results state the performance and success rate of SSNG method using TPF approach is superior to the state-of-the-art methods viz. Mutual Information, Information Gain, Odds Ratio, Discriminating Feature Selection and χ(2).
Lipoxygenases in Plants -Their Role in Development and Stress Response (1996)

Lipoxygenases catalyze the hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and thus the first step in the synthesis of fatty acid metabolites in plants. Products of the LOX pathway have multiple functions as growth regulators, antimicrobial compounds, flavours and odours as well as signal molecules. Based on the effects of LOX products or on the correlation of increases in LOX protein and the onset of specific processes, a physiological function for LOXs has been proposed for growth and development and for the plant response to pathogen infection and wound stress.
New photochromic foldable intraocular lens: Preliminary study of feasibility and biocompatibility (2006)

The new photochromic IOL turned yellow only on exposure to UV light; otherwise it remained clear. This lens was also found to be biocompatible.
Coil embolization of reversed-curve hepatointestinal collaterals in radioembolization: potential solutions for a challenging task (2017)

Depending on the planned catheter position for selective internal radioembolization, coil embolization of hepatic artery branches can be necessary to enable a selective and safe procedure. The anatomy of the hepatic arterial bed has been demonstrated to have a substantial number of anatomic variations, which turns coil embolization into a challenge if the feeder shows a reversed, "hairpin-like" turn immediately after its origin. Hepatointestinal collateral vessels originating from the periphery of the right hepatic artery often present with such a reversed course and can preclude patients from uncomplicated radioembolization if catheterization fails. The purpose of this report is to describe 2 potential solutions for successful coil embolization of reversed-curve hepatointestinal collateral vessels using either a regular 4 French RIM catheter or a novel steerable tip-deflecting microcatheter.
Light Field Compression With Disparity-Guided Sparse Coding Based on Structural Key Views (2017)

Recent imaging technologies are rapidly evolving for sampling richer and more immersive representations of the 3D world. One of the emerging technologies is light field (LF) cameras based on micro-lens arrays. To record the directional information of the light rays, a much larger storage space and transmission bandwidth are required by an LF image as compared with a conventional 2D image of similar spatial dimension. Hence, the compression of LF data becomes a vital part of its application. In this paper, we propose an LF codec with disparity guided Sparse Coding over a learned perspective-shifted LF dictionary based on selected Structural Key Views (SC-SKV). The sparse coding is based on a limited number of optimally selected SKVs; yet the entire LF can be recovered from the coding coefficients. By keeping the approximation identical between encoder and decoder, only the residuals of the non-key views, disparity map, and the SKVs need to be compressed into the bit stream. An optimized SKV selection method is proposed such that most LF spatial information can be preserved. To achieve optimum dictionary efficiency, the LF is divided into several coding regions, over which the reconstruction works individually. Experiments and comparisons have been carried out over benchmark LF data set, which show that the proposed SC-SKV codec produces convincing compression results in terms of both rate-distortion performance and visual quality compared with Joint Exploration Model: with 37.9% BD-rate reduction and 1.17-dB BD-PSNR improvement achieved on average, especially with up to 6-dB improvement for low bit rate scenarios.
Design and Optimisation of Schottky Diodes in CMOS Technology with Application to Passive RFID Systems (2004)

In this paper, we present and analyze the most fundamental constraint of RFID systems, power rectification. This issue plays an important role in development of long-range RFID systems. Rectifiers are the key components in power rectifications and efficiency of an RFID system. Therefore this paper is concentrated in investigating this major issue. To tackle this problem a novel Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD) has been proposed. The proposed SBD provides good power conversion rate and switching properties.
Addressing Functional Safety Challenges in Autonomous Vehicles with the Arm TCL S Architecture (2018)

Triple modular redundancy is an option to satisfy the strict safety requirements for autonomous driving. This article introduces a solution at CPU core level, which minimizes the possible single point of failures. Additional effort is spent to mitigate the fault-recovery routines and the assisting infrastructure. -Hans-Joachim Wunderlich, Universität Stuttgart
Production, Purification and Characterization of HYI, an Anti-yeast Substance, Produced by<i>Hansenula saturnus</i> (1984)

An anti-yeast substance, HYI, was produced by Hansenula saturnus. Production of HYI under aerobic incubation conditions took place in parallel with yeast cellular growth. HYI was concentrated by ultrafiltration from the culture filtrate and purified by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. It was then crystallized. HYI migrated as a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had a molecular weight of about 8500. Anthrone positive compounds could not be detected in HYI. The isoelectric point of HYI was pH 5.80 ± 0.05. The activity of HYI was unaffected by heating at 60°C for 1 hr. It showed a broad anti-yeast spectrum.
Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen. Granaticin B (1966)

Abstract From a strain of Streptomyces violaceoruber , ETH 11382, a new antibiotic, granaticin B. has been isolated. Granaticin B is an L ‐rhodinoside of the previously described antibiotic granaticin.
Metallic Polar-Duplex Telegraph System for Long Small-Gage Cables (1925)

In connection with carrying out the toll-cable program of the Bell System, a metallic-circuit polar-duplex telegraph system was developed. The metallic-return type of circuit lends itself readily to the cable conditions, its freedom from interference allowing the use of low potentials and currents so that the telegraph may be superposed on telephone circuits. The new system represents an unusual refinement in d-c. telegraph circuits, the operating current being of the same order of magnitude as that of the telephone circuits on which the telegraph is superposed. The following are some of the outstanding features of the present system. Sensitive relays with closely balanced windings are employed in the metallic circuit, and ``vibrating circuits'' are provided for minimizing distortion of signals. Repeaters are usually spaced about 100 miles apart. Thirty-four-volt line batteries are used and the line current is four or five milli-amperes on representative circuits. Superposition is accomplished by the compositing method which depends upon frequency discrimination; the telegraph occupying the frequency range below that of the telephone. New local-circuit arrangements have been designed, employing polar relays for repetition of the signals; these arrangements are suitable for use in making up circuits in combination with carriercurrent and ground-return polar-duplex telegraph sections. New forms of mounting are employed in which a repeater is either built as a compact unit or is made up of several units which are mounted on I-beams, and subsequently interconnected.
Falling Through the Cracks: The Impact of VAWA 2005’s Unfinished Business on Immigrant Victims of Domestic Violence (2007)

Immigrants to the United States constitute a complex and diverse population of ethnic and national groups with varied backgrounds.While most are aware that our country is growing and changing, little attention is paid to domestic violence victims within immigrant communities.Battered immigrant women often suffer in silence, afraid that protecting themselves from violence will compromise their presence in the United States. 3This paper will address the history of legal options available to battered immigrant women in the United States, ranging from the era of being at the mercy of a United States citizen or lawful permanent resident spouse, to the protections available under the 1994, 2000, and 2005 Violence Against Women Acts.Finally, this paper will address why these legislative enactments may not adequately protect immigrant domestic violence victims, and what attorneys can do to advocate for these women.* Mary B. Clark was an Equal Justice Works fellow in the immigration unit at Legal Aid Services of Broward County, Florida.Her project was designed to provide client-centered advocacy to immigrant victims of domestic violence.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7-ethoxy-4-(substituted)-aminomethylcoumarins. (1988)

A series of 7-ethoxy-4-substituted aminomethylcoumarins have been synthesised making use of the selective reactivity of methyl and formyl groups in position-4 of coumarin nucleus. All these compounds have been screened for their antibacterial activity. Compounds with anilinomethyl, picolinylaminomethyl function in position-4 of coumarin ring system showed higher inhibition of bacterial growth. The other compounds showed only moderate activity.
Sodium‐calcium exchanger (NCX‐1) and calcium modulation: NCX protein expression patterns and regulation of early heart development (2001)

Ouabain-induced inhibition of early heart development indicated that Na/K-ATPase plays an important role in maintaining normal ionic balances during differentiation of cardiomyocytes (Linask and Gui [1995] Dev Dyn 203:93-105). Inhibition of the sodium pump is generally accepted to affect the activity of the Na(+)-Ca(++) exchanger (NCX) to increase intracellular [Ca(++)]. These previous findings suggested that Ca(++) signaling may be an important modulator during differentiation of cardiomyocytes. In order to identify a connection between heart development and NCX-mediated Ca(++) regulation, we determined the embryonic spatiotemporal protein expression pattern of NCX-1 during early developmental stages. In both chick and mouse embryos, NCX-1 (the cardiac NCX isoform) is asymmetrically expressed during gastrulation; in the right side of the Hensen's node in the chick, in the right lateral mesoderm in the mouse. At slightly later stages, NCX-1 is expressed in the heart fields at comparable stages of heart development, in the chick at stage 7 and in the mouse at embryonic day (ED) 7.5. By ED 8 in the mouse, the exchanger protein displays a rostrocaudal difference in cardiac expression and an outer curvature-inner curvature ventricular difference. By ED 9.5, cardiac expression has increased from that seen at ED8 and NCX-1 is distributed throughout the myocardium consistent with the possibility that it is important in regulating initial cardiac contractile function. Only a low level of expression is detected in inflow and outflow regions. To substantiate a role for the involvement of calcium-mediated signaling, using pharmacologic approaches, ionomycin (a Ca(++) ionophore) was shown to perturb cardiac cell differentiation in a manner similar to ouabain as assayed by cNkx2.5 and sarcomeric myosin heavy chain expression. In addition, we show that an inhibitor of NCX, KB-R7943, can similarly and adversely affect early cardiac development at stage 4/5 and arrests cardiac cell contractility in 12-somite embryos. Thus, based upon NCX-1 protein expression patterns in the embryo, experimental Ca(++) modulation, and inhibition of NCX activity by KB-R7943, these results suggest an early and central role for calcium-mediated signaling in cardiac cell differentiation and NCX's regulation of the initial heartbeats in the embryo.
Fuzzy neural networks for identification and control of ultrasonic motor drive with LLCC resonant technique (1999)

This paper demonstrates the applications of fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) in the identification and control of the ultrasonic motor (USM). First, the USM is derived by a newly designed high-frequency two-phase voltage-source inverter using LLCC resonant technique. Then, two FNNs with varied learning rates are proposed to control the rotor position of the USM. The USM drive system is identified by a fuzzy neural network identifier (FNNI) to provide the sensitivity information of the drive system to a fuzzy neural network controller (FNNC). A backpropagation algorithm is used to train both the FNNI and FNNC on-line. Moreover, to guarantee the convergence of identification and tracking errors, analytical methods based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function are proposed to determine the varied learning rates of the FNNs. In addition, the effectiveness of the FNN-controlled USM drive system is demonstrated by experimental results. Accurate tracking response can be obtained due to the powerful on-line learning capability of the FNNs. Furthermore, the influence of parameter variations and external disturbances on the USM drive system can be reduced effectively.
A Hitch Angle Measurement Device (1998)

Abstract : As part of a project to demonstrate that an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) could remotely back up with a trailer, a simple proof-of-concept device was designed to measure the angle between a high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) pintle hook and a trailer tow bar. A suitable algorithm could compute the UGV steering angle required for a trailer to follow a given reverse path and would be a function of the angle between the UGV and the trailer. This report gives the details of a design for a hitch angle measurement device (HAMD) to be used as input to a steering transfer function. Derivation of the transfer function is not included.
Inside the Social Network's (Datacenter) Network (2015)

Large cloud service providers have invested in increasingly larger datacenters to house the computing infrastructure required to support their services. Accordingly, researchers and industry practitioners alike have focused a great deal of effort designing network fabrics to efficiently interconnect and manage the traffic within these datacenters in performant yet efficient fashions. Unfortunately, datacenter operators are generally reticent to share the actual requirements of their applications, making it challenging to evaluate the practicality of any particular design. Moreover, the limited large-scale workload information available in the literature has, for better or worse, heretofore largely been provided by a single datacenter operator whose use cases may not be widespread. In this work, we report upon the network traffic observed in some of Facebook's datacenters. While Facebook operates a number of traditional datacenter services like Hadoop, its core Web service and supporting cache infrastructure exhibit a number of behaviors that contrast with those reported in the literature. We report on the contrasting locality, stability, and predictability of network traffic in Facebook's datacenters, and comment on their implications for network architecture, traffic engineering, and switch design.
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by yttrium oxide nanoparticles in HEK293 cells (2014)

These data demonstrate that the Y2O3 NP exposure is associated with increased cellular apoptosis and necrosis in cultured HEK293 cells.
Influence of pH and Heating on Physicochemical Properties of Whey Protein-Stabilized Emulsions Containing a Nonionic Surfactant (1998)

The influence of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolauarate (Tween 20) on droplet flocculation in 20 wt % soybean oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI) was investigated by light scattering, rheology, and creaming measurements. In the absence of Tween 20, emulsions were prone to droplet flocculation near the isoelectric point (pI) of the proteins (4 < pH < 6) but were stable at higher and lower pH values. Flocculation led to an increase in emulsion particle size, viscosity, and creaming index. Addition of Tween 20 at low concentrations (R < 0.1, where R is the surfactant/protein molar ratio) had little effect on emulsion properties, but at higher concentrations (R > 5) it decreased the amount of flocculation and shifted it to lower pH values. The higher concentrations of Tween 20 also reduced the extent of droplet flocculation in emulsions heated at 78 °C for 30 min in the presence of 100 mM NaCl. The results are explained in terms of competitive adsorption, protein−surfactant interactions, and colloidal interactions. This study shows that the physicochemical properties of protein-stabilized emulsions can be controlled by adding nonionic surfactants. Keywords: Whey protein isolate; Tween 20; competitive adsorption; pH; emulsions
Reaction of House Prices to a New Rapid Transit Line: Chicago's Midway Line, 1983–1999 (2004)

This study examines the effect of the new rapid transit line from downtown Chicago to Midway Airport on single‐family house prices before and after the opening of the line. The results show that the housing market anticipated the opening of the line. House prices were being affected by proximity to the stations in the late 1980s and early 1990s—after the plans for the line were well known. The difference between the increase in the value of homes within the sample area as compared with properties farther away from the new transit stations was approximately $216 million between 1986 and 1999.
Infra-red electroluminescence from Cd <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> Hg <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> Te diodes (1986)

Room-temperature infra-red emission (λ ~ 3 μm) is reported for the first time from forward-biased p-n junctions in CdxHg1-xTe (x ~ 0.3). Efficiencies are as high as 0.2% and the spectrum width is 0.3 μm. A simple RF-modulated communications link has been demonstrated using both source and detector at room temperature.
Passively modelocked self-starting figure-eight fiber laser with semiconductor optical amplifier (2008)

The operation of a novel passively modelocked self-starting figure-eight fiber laser is experimentally demonstrated. A stable pulse train is produced without any starting/triggering mechanism and stays modelocked as long as it is pumped.
Proteolysis of the p220 component of the cap-binding protein complex is not sufficient for complete inhibition of host cell protein synthesis after poliovirus infection (1987)

Infection of cells with poliovirus results in the complete shutoff of host protein synthesis. It is presumed that proteolysis of the p220 component of the cap-binding protein complex that is required for the translation of host mRNAs is responsible for the shutoff phenomenon. In this paper, we show that when cells are infected with poliovirus in the presence of guanidine or 3-methylquercetin, both inhibitors of poliovirus replication, complete cleavage of p220 occurs by 3.5 h postinfection. However, under these conditions only 55 to 77% of host protein synthesis is suppressed. Results obtained with extracts prepared from poliovirus-infected cells were similar to those obtained in vivo. These results suggest that complete inhibition of host protein synthesis after poliovirus infection requires at least one event in addition to proteolysis of p220. Thus, proteolysis of p220 is probably necessary but not sufficient for total suppression of host protein synthesis after poliovirus infection.
Parametric Nanomechanical Amplification at Very High Frequency (2009)

Parametric resonance and amplification are important in both fundamental physics and technological applications. Here we report very high frequency (VHF) parametric resonators and mechanical-domain amplifiers based on nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Compound mechanical nanostructures patterned by multilayer, top-down nanofabrication are read out by a novel scheme that parametrically modulates longitudinal stress in doubly clamped beam NEMS resonators. Parametric pumping and signal amplification are demonstrated for VHF resonators up to approximately 130 MHz and provide useful enhancement of both resonance signal amplitude and quality factor. We find that Joule heating and reduced thermal conductance in these nanostructures ultimately impose an upper limit to device performance. We develop a theoretical model to account for both the parametric response and nonequilibrium thermal transport in these composite nanostructures. The results closely conform to our experimental observations, elucidate the frequency and threshold-voltage scaling in parametric VHF NEMS resonators and sensors, and establish the ultimate sensitivity limits of this approach.
Milk fermented by<i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i>SBT2055 influences adipocyte size via inhibition of dietary fat absorption in Zucker rats (2008)

We have demonstrated previously that a diet containing skimmed milk (SM) fermented by Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LGSP) reduces adipocyte size in Sprague-Dawley rats. Two experiments were conducted to extend these observations in order to elucidate the mechanism involved. In experiment 1, lean and obese Zucker rats were fed a diet containing SM or LGSP for 4 weeks. The LGSP diet, compared with the SM diet, resulted in lowering of the mesenteric adipose tissue weight (23 %; P < 0.05), adipocyte sizes (28 %; P < 0.001) and serum leptin concentration (36 %; P < 0.05) in lean rats. Obese Zucker rats did not display such dietary effects. Only the number of smaller adipocytes was increased (P < 0.05) by the LGSP diet in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese rats. The LGSP diet significantly reduced the serum and hepatic cholesterol in rats. In addition, the LGSP diet led to an increased excretion of faecal fatty acids and total neutral faecal sterols in both rat strains. In experiment 2, Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent cannulation of the thoracic duct were fed either the SM or LGSP diets and their lymph was collected. The LGSP diet lowered the maximum transport rate of TAG and phospholipids. These results indicate that fermented milk regulates adipose tissue growth through inhibition at the stage of dietary fat absorption in lean Zucker rats.
Regulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes by nuclear receptors (2000)

Members of the nuclear-receptor superfamily mediate crucial physiological functions by regulating the synthesis of their target genes. Nuclear receptors are usually activated by ligand binding. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms often catalyse both formation and degradation of these ligands. CYPs also metabolize many exogenous compounds, some of which may act as activators of nuclear receptors and disruptors of endocrine and cellular homoeostasis. This review summarizes recent findings that indicate that major classes of CYP genes are selectively regulated by certain ligand-activated nuclear receptors, thus creating tightly controlled networks.