gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MagicWand: A Single, Designed Peptide That Assembles to Stable, Ordered α-Helical Fibers (2008)

We describe a straightforward single-peptide design that self-assembles into extended and thickened nano-to-mesoscale fibers of remarkable stability and order. The basic chassis of the design is the well-understood dimeric alpha-helical coiled-coil motif. As such, the peptide has a heptad sequence repeat, abcdefg , with isoleucine and leucine residues at the a and d sites to ensure dimerization. In addition, to direct staggered assembly of peptides and to foster fibrillogenesisthat is, as opposed to blunt-ended discrete speciesthe terminal quarters of the peptide are cationic and the central half anionic with lysine and glutamate, respectively, at core-flanking e and g positions. This +,-,-,+ arrangement gives the peptide its name, MagicWand (MW). As judged by circular dichroism (CD) spectra, MW assembles to alpha-helical structures in the sub-micromolar range and above. The thermal unfolding of MW is reversible with a melting temperature >70 degrees C at 100 muM peptide concentration. Negative-stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of MW assemblies reveals stiff, straight, fibrous rods that extended for tens of microns. Moreover, different stains highlight considerable order both perpendicular and parallel to the fiber long axis. The dimensions of these features are consistent with bundles of long, straight coiled alpha-helical coiled coils with their axes aligned parallel to the long axis of the fibers. The fiber thickening indicates inter-coiled-coil interactions. Mutagenesis of the outer surface of the peptide i.e., at the b and f positionscombined with stability and microscopy measurements, highlights the role of electrostatic and cation-pi interactions in driving fiber formation, stability and thickening. These findings are discussed in the context of the growing number of self-assembling peptide-based fibrous systems.
Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrophosphonylation of Ketimines (2013)

Catalytic asymmetric hydrophosphonylation of aromatic and aliphatic N-thiophosphinoyl ketimines with dialkyl phosphite was efficiently promoted by as little as 0.5 mol% of catalyst loading at ambient temperature. The catalyst can be recovered for repeated use, and facile removal of the thiophosphinoyl group allowed for ready access to the phosphonic acid analogue of enantioenriched α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids.
Design of specularly reflective layers in spin valves (2003)

We confirmed that the location of a specularly reflective oxide layer is critical to enhance the giant magnetoresistance effect in a spin valve. In particular, embedding an oxide layer in the pinned layer is more effective than placing oxide on top of the free layer to increase the giant magnetoresistance values when the free layer is thick, and this makes the spin valve robust for high density magnetic recording. This behavior can be explained by the mirror effect that arises as a result of the structure of the spin valve.
Opinion: The State of Our State Courts (2011)

The independence of the courts is the single most important and fundamental right we have. If it goes, everything else follows. We see the result in too numerous countries where judges are puppets, subject to a bully's whim, fearing for their own future or wellbeing if they rule independently. In the British system it took centuries to achieve this independence, and it continues to threaten politicians who should be fighting for it, not killing it off.
Molecular Characterization of a Heteromeric ATP-Citrate Lyase That Generates Cytosolic Acetyl-Coenzyme A in Arabidopsis, (2002)

Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is used in the cytosol of plant cells for the synthesis of a diverse set of phytochemicals including waxes, isoprenoids, stilbenes, and flavonoids. The source of cytosolic acetyl-CoA is unclear. We identified two Arabidopsis cDNAs that encode proteins similar to the amino and carboxy portions of human ATP-citrate lyase (ACL). Coexpression of these cDNAs in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) confers ACL activity, indicating that both the Arabidopsis genes are required for ACL activity. Arabidopsis ACL is a heteromeric enzyme composed of two distinct subunits, ACLA (45 kD) and ACLB (65 kD). The holoprotein has a molecular mass of 500 kD, which corresponds to a heterooctomer with an A(4)B(4) configuration. ACL activity and the ACLA and ACLB polypeptides are located in the cytosol, consistent with the lack of targeting peptides in the ACLA and ACLB sequences. In the Arabidopsis genome, three genes encode for the ACLA subunit (ACLA-1, At1g10670; ACLA-2, At1g60810; and ACLA-3, At1g09430), and two genes encode the ACLB subunit (ACLB-1, At3g06650 and ACLB-2, At5g49460). The ACLA and ACLB mRNAs accumulate in coordinated spatial and temporal patterns during plant development. This complex accumulation pattern is consistent with the predicted physiological needs for cytosolic acetyl-CoA, and is closely coordinated with the accumulation pattern of cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase, an enzyme using cytosolic acetyl-CoA as a substrate. Taken together, these results indicate that ACL, encoded by the ACLA and ACLB genes of Arabidopsis, generates cytosolic acetyl-CoA. The heteromeric organization of this enzyme is common to green plants (including Chlorophyceae, Marchantimorpha, Bryopsida, Pinaceae, monocotyledons, and eudicots), species of fungi, Glaucophytes, Chlamydomonas, and prokaryotes. In contrast, all known animal ACL enzymes have a homomeric structure, indicating that a evolutionary fusion of the ACLA and ACLB genes probably occurred early in the evolutionary history of this kingdom.
Pyrene Derivatives of 2,2′-Bipyridine as Models for Asphaltenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Supramolecular Organization (2007)

The behavior of 4,4′-bis-(2-pyren-1-yl-ethyl)-[2,2′]bipyridinyl (PBP) was studied as a model for petroleum asphaltenes with a bridged structure. PBP consists of two pyrene groups bridged by a bipyridyl spacer, and exhibits similar solubility and chromatographic properties to some fractions of asphaltenes. On the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance, steady state fluorescence, vapor pressure osmometry, solubility, and adsorption behavior studies, PBP gave self-association in solution. On the basis of these data and single crystal X-ray analysis, this behavior was attributed to π–π stacking interactions involving both pyrene rings and the bipyridine spacer. These results demonstrate that bridged aromatic species with up to four fused aromatic rings are capable of self-association in solution.
Affective and Sensorimotor Components of Emotional Prosody Generation (2013)

Although advances have been made regarding how the brain perceives emotional prosody, the neural bases involved in the generation of affective prosody remain unclear and debated. Two models have been forged on the basis of clinical observations: a first model proposes that the right hemisphere sustains production and comprehension of emotional prosody, while a second model proposes that emotional prosody relies heavily on basal ganglia. Here, we tested their predictions in two functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments that used a cue-target paradigm, which allows distinguishing affective from sensorimotor aspects of emotional prosody generation. Both experiments show that when participants prepare for emotional prosody, bilateral ventral striatum is specifically activated and connected to temporal poles and anterior insula, regions in which lesions frequently cause dysprosody. The bilateral dorsal striatum is more sensitive to cognitive and motor aspects of emotional prosody preparation and production and is more strongly connected to the sensorimotor speech network compared with the ventral striatum. Right lateralization during increased prosodic processing is confined to the posterior superior temporal sulcus, a region previously associated with perception of emotional prosody. Our data thus provide physiological evidence supporting both models and suggest that bilateral basal ganglia are involved in modulating motor behavior as a function of affective state. Right lateralization of cortical regions mobilized for prosody control could point to efficient processing of slowly changing acoustic speech parameters in the ventral stream and thus identify sensorimotor processing as an important factor contributing to right lateralization of prosody.
Cartesian contact force estimation for robotic manipulators using Kalman filters and the generalized momentum (2015)

Estimating contact forces and torques in Cartesian space enables force-controlled robotic applications as well as collision detection without costly additional sensing. A new approach towards online estimation of contact forces and torques at the tool center point from motor torques as well as joint angles and speeds is presented, which is based on analyzing the generalized momentum of the manipulator. Existing generalized momentum based methods are extended by designing a Kalman filter to estimate the generalized momentum as well as contact forces and torques simultaneously. This approach introduces additional degrees of freedom in the design of the estimator that are exploited to increase robustness with respect to disturbances such as uncertainty in joint friction. The method is verified by simulation results obtained from a dynamic model of an ABB YuMi, a dual-arm collaborative robot with 7DOF each arm.
Variable invariables: dimensional instability with time and temperature (1992)

How stable are structures made of fused silica, Zerodur, ULE, Invar or Superinvar? We review what is known about dimensional changes with time or temperature for these important materials, including some recent findings. What are the variations in commercially available materials? How does one go about obtaining the best Invar and Superinvar?
Gold nanostructures: engineering their plasmonic properties for biomedical applications (2006)

The surface plasmon resonance peaks of gold nanostructures can be tuned from the visible to the near infrared region by controlling the shape and structure (solid vs. hollow). In this tutorial review we highlight this concept by comparing four typical examples: nanospheres, nanorods, nanoshells, and nanocages. A combination of this optical tunability with the inertness of gold makes gold nanostructures well suited for various biomedical applications.
Scheduling Heterogeneous Wireless Systems for Efficient Spectrum Access (2009)

The spectrum scarcity problem emerged in recent years, due to unbalanced utilization of RF (radio frequency) bands in the current state of wireless spectrum allocations. Spectrum access scheduling addresses challenges arising from spectrum sharing by interleaving the channel access among multiple wireless systems in a TDMA fashion. Different from cognitive radio approaches which are opportunistic and noncollaborative in general, spectrum access scheduling proactively structures and interleaves the channel access pattern of heterogeneous wireless systems, using collaborative designs by implementing a crucial architectural component—the base stations on software defined radios (SDRs). We discuss our system design choices for spectrum sharing from multiple perspectives and then present the mechanisms for spectrum sharing and coexistence of GPRS+WiMAX and GPRS+WiFi as use cases, respectively. Simulations were carried out to prove that spectrum access scheduling is an alternative, feasible, and promising approach to the spectrum scarcity problem.
Safety, Tolerability, and Biologic Activity of AXA1125 and AXA1957 in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2021)

Both compositions showed multitargeted activity on relevant NAFLD pathways. AXA1125 demonstrated the greatest activity over 16 weeks, warranting continued clinical investigation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis subjects.
CVIII.—The application of powerful optically active acids to the resolution of externally compensated basic substances. Resolution of tetrahydroquinaldine (1899)

W. J. Pope and S. J. Peachey, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1899, 75, 1066 DOI: 10.1039/CT8997501066
Tracking method for Human Computer Interaction using Wii Remote (2010)

Over the years the techniques and methods that have been used to interact with the computers have evolved significantly. From the primitive use of punch cards to the latest touch screen panels we can see the vast improvement in interaction with the system. The same applies to the projection technology for creating various geometric displays. Researchers are exploring new ways of projection and interaction technologies to create `illusion' that can reshape our perception and interaction methodologies. In this paper we implemented (Infrared) IR light source tracking system which can be used for tracking single and multiple IR light source positions and can be used effectively in optical tracking problems such as tracking head position which is all pervasive requirement in a Virtual Reality System. We present a method of mapping IR light source position and orientation to an image. We defined the interaction techniques for an image manipulations with the help of fingers such as zoom, tilt/rotate, scale etc. We can extend our tracking capabilities to implement the touch screen feature to commercial applications. The paper illustrates the hardware and software used for implementing IR light source tracking based applications.
Verification and Validation of EnergyPlus Conduction Finite Difference and Phase Change Material Models for Opaque Wall Assemblies (2012)

Phase change materials (PCMs) represent a potential technology to reduce peak loads and HVAC energy consumption in buildings. There are few building energy simulation programs that have the capability to simulate PCM but their accuracy has not been completely tested. This report summarizes NREL efforts to develop diagnostic tests cases to obtain accurate energy simulations when PCMs are modeled in residential buildings.
Transmission losses of concatenated, connectorized fiber cables (1979)

Connector and splice losses of optical fibers depend on a variety of factors, such as fiber-parameter variations and geometrical misalignments, fiber characteristics, location of the connector along the fiber, the type of source used, and on launch conditions.1,2 Adding the losses of the individual fibers and connectors in order to obtain the loss of the concatenated link may, therefore, substantially differ from actually measured values. In this paper we describe the measurement of the launch-numerical-aperture- (NA) dependent loss of graded-index (GI) fibers before and after connectorization, identify the steady-state (SS) condition, and demonstrate that the concatenated loss can be predicted to a good accuracy with such data.
An optimized driver for SiC JFET-based switches delivering more than 99% efficiency (2012)

Nowadays, there is a high demand for highly efficient power converters that can be put in systems such as power factor correctors or solar panels. A silicon carbide (SiC) based power switch has a very good performance when it comes to switching and conduction losses. As on silicon, the manufacturing of junction devices is easier than MOSFET devices because the growth of highly reliable oxide is very challenging [1]. Recently, a family of high-voltage SiC junction FET (JFET) transistors has been developed which has made it possible to reach an efficiency of more than 99% with a buck converter. The low switching loss of these transistors allows for the use of a higher switching frequency and smaller external components which in turn reduce PCB area and overall system cost. A dedicated gate driver with possible bootstrap operation has been developed for a normally-on n-type JFET. It allows maximum efficiency, operation as safe as that of a normally-off switch, and reduced number of external components because of integration of voltage regulator and supervision circuitry. Bootstrapping minimizes the number of supplies needed for the power converter and reduces board space and BOM.
<i>Brca2</i> is coordinately regulated with <i>Brca1</i> during proliferation and differentiation in mammary epithelial cells (1996)

We have analyzed the expression of the breast cancer susceptibility gene, Brca2, in mammary epithelial cells as a function of proliferation and differentiation. Our results demonstrate that Brca2 mRNA expression is tightly regulated during mammary epithelial proliferation and differentiation, and that this regulation occurs coordinately with Brca1. Specifically, Brca2 mRNA expression is up-regulated in rapidly proliferating cells; is down-regulated in response to serum deprivation; is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner, peaking at the G1/S boundary; and is up-regulated in differentiating mammary epithelial cells in response to glucocorticoids. In each case, an identical pattern of expression was observed for Brca1. These results indicate that proliferative stimuli modulate the mRNA expression of these two breast cancer susceptibility genes. In addition, the coordinate regulation of Brca1 and Brca2 revealed by these experiments suggests that these genes are induced by, and may function in, overlapping regulatory pathways involved in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation.
The SpoIIE phosphatase, the sporulation septum and the establishment of forespore‐specific transcription in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: a reassessment (1999)

Making a spore in Bacillus subtilis requires the formation of two cells, the forespore and the mother cell, which follow dissimilar patterns of gene expression. Cell specificity is first established in the forespore under the control of the sigma F factor, which is itself activated through the action of the SpoIIE serine phosphatase, an enzyme targeted to the septum between the two cells. Deletion of the 10 transmembrane segments of the SpoIIE protein leads to random distribution of SpoIIE in the cytoplasm. Activation of sigma F is slightly delayed and less efficient than in wild type, but it remains restricted to the forespore in a large proportion of cells and the bacteria sporulate with 30% efficiency. Overexpression of the complete SpoIIE protein in a divIC mutant leads to significant sigma F activity, indicating that the septum requirement for activating sigma F can be bypassed. In contradiction to current models, we propose that genetic asymmetry is not created by unequal distribution of SpoIIE within the sporangium, but by exclusion of an inhibitor of SpoIIE from the forespore. This putative inhibitor would be a cytoplasmic molecule that interacts with SpoIIE and shuts off its phosphatase activity until it disappears specifically from the forespore.
Actitud y motivación de la Enfermería de Castilla y León hacia la investigación (2011)

Introduccion

	La investigacion es fundamental para aumentar las bases del conocimiento cientifico de cualquier profesion. Para los profesionales de enfermeria contribuye de forma muy importante en el desarrollo de los cuidados que aplican a los pacientes.


Objetivos

Este estudio nace con la necesidad de conocer la actitud y motivacion de los enfermeros hacia la investigacion en nuestra comunidad e identificar los factores que pueden favorecer o impedir la investigacion, con el fin de apuntar hacia estrategias que estimulen y aumenten las inquietudes de la enfermeria en este campo.



Material y metodos

	Estudio descriptivo cuantitativo transversal realizado en los centros sanitarios de Sacyl. Se diseno un instrumento para el estudio que fue validado. 




Resultados

	Se recogen los datos representativos en cada uno de los bloques que constituyen el cuestionario: Organizacion de la vida personal y profesional: gestion del tiempo; Conocimientos y preparacion; Recursos disponibles y apoyos; Desarrollo profesional; Motivaciones.




Discusion y Conclusiones

	Para investigar se necesita un tiempo del que no se dispone, una formacion que no se imparte durante la carrera, fuentes de informacion y recursos en los centros de trabajo y una menor carga asistencial dentro de la jornada laboral .

	A pesar de todos estos obstaculos, muchos enfermeros consideran necesario investigar para mejorar nuestra practica profesional y aumentar el reconocimiento social. Incluso estan dispuestos a realizar un trabajo de investigacion o a colaborar con otros profesionales en sus trabajos de este tipo. 

Se detectaron una serie de obstaculos importantes a la hora de investigar, asi como una serie de factores facilitadores.

Por ultimo se identificaron unas areas de formacion en investigacion consideradas prioritarias.

En general, la enfermeria castellano-leonesa dispone de factores motivadores, pero a su vez se encuentra con barreras importantes que dificultan la implicacion de los profesionales hacia la investigacion.





Palabras Clave

 motivacion, investigacion enfermera, enfermeria
The poverty consensus: some limitations of the ‘popular agenda’ (2005)

The New Poverty Agenda is said to represent a break with the past and to offer a rationale for aid that is built on partnerships towards a common and realizable goal - the elimination of poverty. However, recent critiques have highlighted problems with the practice of poverty policy, and particularly limitations identified from its association with global actors which stand accused of contributing to poverty. For some, there is no new agenda; a poverty focus merely represents a different path to the same ends (i.e., political reform and economic adjustment). This paper investigates the implications for smaller donors, such as Australia and New Zealand, of adopting poverty policy as defined by the World Bank and others. It argues that certain contexts, such as the Pacific, demonstrate the weaknesses of an all-encompassing policy that remains muddled and contradictory. In terms of effective partnerships, much more could be gained by first seeking to learn more about the nature of poverty in the immediate region and its underlying causes.
Effect of milk fat fractions on fat bloom in dark chocolate (1994)

Abstract Anhydrous milk fat was dissolved in acetone (1∶4 wt/vol) and progressively fractionated at 5°C increments from 25 to 0°C. Six solid fractions and one 0°C liquid fraction were obtained. Melting point, melting profile, solid fat content (SFC), fatty acid and triglyceride profiles were measured for each milk fat fraction (MFF). In general, there was a trend of decreased melting point, melting profile, SFC, long‐chain saturated fatty acids and large acyl carbonnumbered triglycerides with decreasing fractionation temperature. The MFFs were then added to dark chocolate at 2% (w/w) addition level. In addition, two control chocolates were made, one with 2% (w/w) full milk fat and the other with 2% (w/w) additional cocoa butter. The chocolate samples were evaluated for degree of temper, hardness and fat bloom. Fat bloom was induced with continuous temperature cycling between 26.7 and 15.7°C at 6‐h intervals and monitored with a colorimeter. Chocolate hardness results showed softer chocolates with the 10°C solid fraction and low‐melting fractions, and harder chocolates with high‐melting fractions. Accelerated bloom tests indicated that the 10°C solid MFF and higher‐melting fractions (25 to 15°C solid fractions) inhibited bloom, while the lowermelting MFFs (5 and 0°C solid fractions and 0°C liquid fraction) induced bloom compared to the control chocolates.