gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Chromium, Selenium, and Molybdenum in Nutritional Products by Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation (2011)

An inductively coupled plasma/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Cr, Se, and Mo in infant formulas and other nutritional products. All samples were digested using a closed vessel microwave oven system, together with Ni and Te internal standards. The practical quantitation limits for Cr, Se, and Mo were 0.4, 0.2, and 0.4 ng/mL, respectively; dilution factors were 250 for powders and 50 for liquids. The Cr, Se, and Mo concentrations in 10 nutritional products were within specification limits, and within-day and day-to-day (6 independent days) precision values were <5% RSD. For two control samples, the observed precision was < or = 2% RSD over 10 independent days. In three National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference materials, Cr, Se, and Mo results were within the certified limits. The average sample spike recoveries for 10 nutritional products ranged from 93 to 107%. Robustness studies showed a minimal effect from concomitant easily ionized element concentrations. However, the choice of internal standard and matrix matching carbon content were critical to obtaining accurate Se results. All indications are that this method would be a suitable candidate as a global reference method for the determination of these trace elements in nutritional products.
The future of information networks and distributed applications (2002)

Information and telecommunications service are a critical and important component of the global economy; expertise in this domain gives a competitive advantage in the global marketplace. The guiding vision for information networks is a system which enables users to access all the information they need, when they need it, and where they need it. For this vision to become reality and revolutionize the way we conduct our daily lives and business, network technology, user accessibility and content handling tools must be developed in an integrated fashion. Operations and management functions must be developed and tested in order to achieve reliable operation of the infrastructure, manage the information appliances, and maintain quality of services along with the necessary privacy and security. Lack of a common user interface could turn the vision of an information services network into a catastrophic nightmare with users unable or unwilling to use new services and products. As a final point, if is clear that video will play a dominant role in most applications and will fuel the growth of a service market which includes entertainment, health care, education, commerce, and manufacturing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dumbed down standards are being forced on the NHS (2006)

As a community staff nurse working in Wolverhampton, I can see healthcare assistants (HCAs) taking on an increasing number of tasks and roles in the health service.
Correlation Pattern Recognition for Face Recognition (2006)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Two-dimensional (2-D) face recognition (FR) is of interest in many verification (1:1 matching) and identification (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$1:N$</tex></formula> matching) applications because of its nonintrusive nature and because digital cameras are becoming ubiquitous. However, the performance of 2-D FR systems can be degraded by natural factors such as expressions, illuminations, pose, and aging. Several FR algorithms have been proposed to deal with the resulting appearance variability. However, most of these methods employ features derived in the image or the space domain whereas there are benefits to working in the spatial frequency domain (i.e., the 2-D Fourier transforms of the images). These benefits include shift-invariance, graceful degradation, and closed-form solutions. We discuss the use of spatial frequency domain methods (also known as correlation filters or correlation pattern recognition) for FR and illustrate the advantages. However, correlation filters can be computationally demanding due to the need for computing 2-D Fourier transforms and may not match well for large-scale FR problems such as in the Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) phase-II experiments that require the computation of millions of similarity metrics. We will discuss a new method [called the class-dependence feature analysis (CFA)] that reduces the computational complexity of correlation pattern recognition and show the results of applying CFA to the FRGC phase-II data. </para>
["Changes in the rules of the game"]. (1992)

In the late 1992, PROFAMILIA, the Colombian family planning association, was informed by the US Agency for International Development (AID) that the success of the family planning program in Colombia rendered further assistance from AID unnecessary. A period of 3 years dating from October 1992 was fixed for definitive suspension of aid. Currently, USAID assistance represents about 25% of PROFAMILIA's budget. The challenge will be to increase local generation of funds by about 8% per year. Several strategies have been proposed for increasing local generation of funds, including increasing the fees for all family planning activities, while bearing in mind that increases should not hinder acceptance of methods by a user population with limited resources. Another strategy would be to diversify PROFAMILIA's activities in fields different from family planning but not too distant from the area of reproduction in which PROFAMILIA has gained greatest experience and recognition. Marketing programs could be explained, and unnecessary costs cut to a minimum in order to increase productivity and efficiency. This would require meticulous administrative monitoring of costs. The final strategy would be to increase local donations and investments by the resource committee.
Full-Color Biomimetic Photonic Materials with Iridescent and Non-Iridescent Structural Colors (2016)

The beautiful structural colors in bird feathers are some of the brightest colors in nature, and some of these colors are created by arrays of melanin granules that act as both structural colors and scattering absorbers. Inspired by the color of bird feathers, high-visibility structural colors have been created by altering four variables: size, blackness, refractive index, and arrangement of the nano-elements. To control these four variables, we developed a facile method for the preparation of biomimetic core-shell particles with melanin-like polydopamine (PDA) shell layers. The size of the core-shell particles was controlled by adjusting the core polystyrene (PSt) particles' diameter and the PDA shell thicknesses. The blackness and refractive index of the colloidal particles could be adjusted by controlling the thickness of the PDA shell. The arrangement of the particles was controlled by adjusting the surface roughness of the core-shell particles. This method enabled the production of both iridescent and non-iridescent structural colors from only one component. This simple and novel process of using core-shell particles containing PDA shell layers can be used in basic research on structural colors in nature and their practical applications.
1.3 µm GaInAsP lasers integrated with butt-coupledwaveguide andhigh reflective semiconductor/air Bragg reflector (SABAR) (1998)

The design and demonstration of a novel integrated laser with a butt-coupled waveguide and a semiconductor/air Bragg reflector (SABAR) are presented. The SABAR is loaded into the butt-coupled waveguide to reduce the diffraction loss. Experimentally obtained SABAR reflectivity is estimated to be > 90%. The butt-coupled interface and SABAR are successfully formed, resulting in low threshold GaInAsP integrated lasers.
Comparison of a new test for the measurement of resting whole saliva with the draining and the swab techniques. (1996)

A quantification method for measuring whole saliva is described. This whole saliva test (WST) consists of a Whatman paper strip, is easily carried out, innocuous, low-cost and single use. Due to its characteristics, it could be considered as the oral equivalent of Schirmer's tear test. A sample of 159 healthy subjects (81 males and 78 females; mean age 31.62 years) participated in this comparative study of this new procedure and two other tests, the draining and the swab test. Correlation was statistically positive among the three types of tests.
Chemopreventive properties and mechanisms ofN-acetylcysteine. The experimental background (1995)

The thiol N-acetylcysteine (NAC), now under clinical trial for cancer chemoprevention both in Europe (project Euroscan) and in the US (National Cancer Institute), has been shown during the past decade to exert protective effects in a variety of experimental test systems. NAC inhibited spontaneous mutagenicity and that induced by a number of chemical compounds and complex mixtures. Moreover, NAC significantly decreased the incidence of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions induced by several chemical carcinogens in rodents (mice, rats, hamsters), e.g., in lung, trachea, colon, liver, mammary gland, Zymbal gland, bladder and skin. Our studies provided evidence that multiple mechanisms contribute to NAC antimutagenicity and anticarcinogenicity. They include extracellular mechanisms, such as detoxification of reactive compounds due to the nucleophilic and antioxidant properties of NAC, inhibition of nitrosation products, and enhancement of thiol concentration in intestinal bacteria; trapping and enhanced detoxification of carcinogens in long-lived non-target cells, such as erythrocytes and bronchoalveolar lavage cells; mechanisms working in the cytoplasm of target cells, such as replenishment of GSH stores, modulation of metabolism of mutagens/carcinogens, blocking of electrophiles, and scavenging of reactive oxygen species; and nuclear effects, such as inhibition of DNA adduction by metabolites of carcinogens, inhibition of "spontaneous" mutations, attenuation of carcinogen-induced DNA damage, and protection of nuclear enzymes, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Performance comparison of adaptive algorithms for acoustic echo cancellation (1990)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Conduction losses and common mode EMI analysis on bridgeless power factor correction (2009)

In this paper, a review of Bridgeless Boost power factor correction (PFC) converters is presented at first. Performance comparison on conduction losses and common mode electromagnetic interference (EMI) are analyzed between conventional Boost PFC converter and members of Bridgeless PFC family. Experiment results are given to validate the efficiency analysis and EMI model building.
Packets interleaving CCSDS file delivery protocol in deep space communication (2011)

The traditional retransmission mechanisms are inefficient In solving the problem of data loss In deep-space mission scenarios due to the large round trip delays. Herein, we Introduce packets Interleaving CCSDS me delivery protocol (PI-CFDP) developed to cope with frequent packet losses Inherent In deep-space communications. It is designed by applying fountain codes to CFDP for Interleaving packets prior to transmission. Simulation shows that the PI-CFDP protocol is able to shorten the me delivery time and enhance the validity of communication.
Principles of lens design (1992)

In this paper we will mainly discuss the two first-order chromatic aberrations and the five third-order aberrations. Following a discussion of the aberrations of single surfaces, we discuss the aberrations of thin lenses, and then consider how aberration correction is achieved in some interesting cases.
Fate of Leptin after Intracerebroventricular Injection into the Mouse Brain (1998)

The fate of the metabolic regulatory protein leptin was studied after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration into the lateral ventricle of the brain. In the brain, a mean of 72% of the recovered radioiodinated leptin was intact. Efflux from the brain for leptin occurred with the reabsorption of the cerebrospinal fluid into the blood. Leptin appearing in the blood was 71% intact over the course of the study. The amount of leptin in the blood rose slowly, and 20 min after i.c.v. injection equaled or exceeded levels previously seen 20 min after i.v. administration. Autoradiography showed the slow disappearance of leptin from the ventricular system over time. The degree of periventricular penetration of radiolabeled leptin also was determined. By 30 min, leptin was detected 600 microm from the midline, but computer-assisted image analysis showed that the amount of radioactivity had fallen to half the midline value by 300 microm. The concentration of leptin within the arcuate nucleus, previously observed after i.v. administration, was not seen after i.c.v. injection. High concentrations of leptin were found at the choroid plexus, suggesting the presence of leptin receptors on the brain side of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and within the lumen of the middle cerebral arteries.
Performance of standard fluoroscopy antiscatter grids in flat-detector-based cone-beam CT (2004)

In this paper, the performance of focused lamellar anti-scatter grids, which are currently used in fluoroscopy, is studied in order to determine guidelines of grid usage for flat detector based cone beam CT. The investigation aims at obtaining the signal to noise ratio improvement factor by the use of anti-scatter grids. First, the results of detailed Monte Carlo simulations as well as measurements are presented. From these the general characteristics of the impinging field of scattered and primary photons are derived. Phantoms modeling the head, thorax and pelvis regions have been studied for various imaging geometries with varying phantom size, cone and fan angles and patient-detector distances. Second, simulation results are shown for ideally focused and vacuum spaced grids as best case approach as well as for grids with realistic spacing materials. The grid performance is evaluated by means of the primary and scatter transmission and the signal to noise ratio improvement factor as function of imaging geometry and grid parameters. For a typical flat detector cone beam CT setup, the grid selectivity and thus the performance of anti-scatter grids is much lower compared to setups where the grid is located directly behind the irradiated object. While for small object-to-grid distances a standard grid improves the SNR, the SNR for geometries as used in flat detector based cone beam CT is deteriorated by the use of an anti-scatter grid for many application scenarios. This holds even for the pelvic region. Standard fluoroscopy anti-scatter grids were found to decrease the SNR in many application scenarios of cone beam CT due to the large patient-detector distance and have, therefore, only a limited benefit in flat detector based cone beam CT.
Electrostatic, inductive ring probe bandwidth (1996)

Electrostatic, inductive, non-intrusive probes are employed for measuring the electric charge as well as the mass flow rate, volume loading, and mean flow velocity of solid particles especially while travelling through pipes of pneumatic transport or in ambient air when a flux of those particles forms a rather compact column-like jet of a nearly constant cross sectional area. The bandwidth of such measuring devices is a very important factor which should be determined carefully, or even planned in advance, before designing the probe itself intended for the use under well defined conditions. In the paper the bandwidth of the inductive ring probes is discussed. To find the probe bandwidth the derivation of a general formula is presented along with the accepted assumptions and an original way of formulation and consideration of that problem. The general formula obtained is an inductive ring probe frequency response function and permits the bandwidth of any inductive, non-intrusive probe, sensor, transducer, etc, to be easily determined for given mean flow velocities of particles and probe widths.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis leading to liver cancer (2011)

Currently, hepatic fibrosis is considered a model of the wound-healing response to chronic liver injury (1). The excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition that distorts the hepatic architecture by forming fibrotic scars, and the subsequent development of nodules of regenerating hepatocytes defines liver cirrhosis (2-5). The clinical importance of liver cirrhosis is related to the associated hepatocellular dysfunction and increased intrahepatic resistance to blood flow, which result in hepatic insufficiency and portal hypertension, respectively, and to the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (6). The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising in North America, Europe, and Eastern countries such as China and Japan (7). This increase is largely due to the emergence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the continued problem of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection control, and the liver pathologies associated with obesity and chronic alcohol abuse. The increasing levels of obesity in these countries is a particularly significant epidemiological factor that will ensure further worldwide rises in HCC incidence over the next decade (8). There is therefore an urgent need to understand how HCC develops in the diseased liver. In this respect, it is often overlooked that 90% of HCC cases have a natural history of unresolved inflammation and severe fibrosis (or cirrhosis). Approaches to HCC prevention should therefore focus on the molecular regulators of a disease process that we could define as the inflammation-fibrosis-cancer (IFC) axis.
Functional Analysis of Vaccinia Virus B5R Protein: Role of the Cytoplasmic Tail (1998)

Vaccinia extracellular enveloped virus (EEV) is important for cell-to-cell and long-range virus spread both in vitro and in vivo. Six genes have been identified that encode protein constituents of the EEV outer membrane, and some of these proteins are critical for EEV formation. The B5R gene encodes an EEV-specific type I membrane protein, and deletion of this gene markedly decreases EEV formation and results in a small plaque phenotype. Data suggest that the transmembrane domain, cytoplasmic tail, or both contain the EEV localization signals that are required for targeting of the B5R protein to EEV and for EEV formation. Here, we report the construction of mutant vaccinia viruses in which the wild-type B5R gene was replaced with a mutated one that encodes a protein with the putative cytoplasmic tail deleted. The mutated protein showed normal intracellular distribution and was properly incorporated into EEV. Vaccinia viruses expressing the B5R protein lacking the cytoplasmic tail formed plaques that were similar in type and size to those formed by wild-type viruses and produced equivalent amounts of infectious EEV. These results indicate that the B5R cytoplasmic tail is not necessary for EEV formation and points to the transmembrane domain as the major determinant for targeting the B5R protein to the outer membrane of EEV and for supporting EEV formation.
Quantification and Kinetic Analysis of Grb2-EGFR Interaction on Micro-Patterned Surfaces for the Characterization of EGFR-Modulating Substances (2014)

The identification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as an oncogene has led to the development of several anticancer therapeutics directed against this receptor tyrosine kinase. However, drug resistance and low efficacy remain a severe challenge, and have led to a demand for novel systems for an efficient identification and characterization of new substances. Here we report on a technique which combines micro-patterned surfaces and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy (μ-patterning assay) for the quantitative analysis of EGFR activity. It does not simply measure the phosphorylation of the receptor, but instead quantifies the interaction of the key signal transmitting protein Grb2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) with the EGFR in a live cell context. It was possible to demonstrate an EGF dependent recruitment of Grb2 to the EGFR, which was significantly inhibited in the presence of clinically tested EGFR inhibitors, including small tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting the EGF binding site. Importantly, in addition to its potential use as a screening tool, our experimental setup offers the possibility to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of bait-prey interaction. Recruitment of the EGFR together with Grb2 to clathrin coated pits (CCPs) was found to be a key feature in our assay. Application of bleaching experiments enabled calculation of the Grb2 exchange rate, which significantly changed upon stimulation or the presence of EGFR activity inhibiting drugs.
Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the outer surface protein A (OspA) of a European<i>Borrelia burgdorferi isolate</i> (1989)

Journal Article Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the outer surface protein A (OspA) of a European Borrelia burgdorferi isolate Get access R. Wallich, R. Wallich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar U E. Schaible, U E. Schaible 1Max-Pianck-Institute for ImmunobiologyD-7800 Freiburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.M. Simon, M.M. Simon 1Max-Pianck-Institute for ImmunobiologyD-7800 Freiburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Heiberger, A. Heiberger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.D. Kramer M.D. Kramer 2Dermatological Clinic, University of HeidelbergD-6900 Heidelberg, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 21, 11 November 1989, Page 8864, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.21.8864 Published: 11 November 1989 Article history Accepted: 29 September 1989 Published: 11 November 1989
Prestimulus Effects on Human Startle Reflex in Normals and Schizophrenics (1978)

ABSTRACT Graham (1975) demonstrated that a weak prestimulus could effectively inhibit or facilitate the eyeblink component of the startle reflex in humans, depending on the temporal duration of the prestimulus. This study had three goals: 1) to replicate the findings of Graham, 2) to establish the reliability of this phenomenon by a test‐retest comparison, and 3) to compare the eyeblink reflex response of normal subjects with schizophrenic subjects. Seven prestimulus durations of continuous tone (from 0 to 2000 msec) were presented to 20 normal subjects and the results confirmed that maximal inhibition of eyeblink amplitude occurred in the 120 msec prestimulus condition. Increased amplitude occurred nonsignificantly when the prestimulus lasted for 2000 msec. On retest, 14 normal subjects showed a significant degree of reliability. When 20 normal subjects were compared to 12 schizophrenic subjects, significant differences in eyeblink response were found for blink amplitude and latency in the 60 msec prestimulus condition. This change is consistent with information processing “overload” theories of sensory overstimulation in schizophrenia. The blink reflex is a rather stable phenomenon and is probably altered in schizophrenia and/or by antipsychotic medication.