gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The small heat shock-related protein, HSP20, is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate that is involved in airway smooth muscle relaxation (2007)

Activation of the cAMP/cAMP-dependent PKA pathway leads to relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM). The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the small heat shock-related protein HSP20 in mediating PKA-dependent ASM relaxation. Human ASM cells were engineered to constitutively express a green fluorescent protein-PKA inhibitory fusion protein (PKI-GFP) or GFP alone. Activation of the cAMP-dependent signaling pathways by isoproterenol (ISO) or forskolin led to increases in the phosphorylation of HSP20 in GFP but not PKI-GFP cells. Forskolin treatment in GFP but not PKI-GFP cells led to a loss of central actin stress fibers and decreases in the number of focal adhesion complexes. This loss of stress fibers was associated with dephosphorylation of the actin-depolymerizing protein cofilin in GFP but not PKI-GFP cells. To confirm that phosphorylated HSP20 plays a role in PKA-induced ASM relaxation, intact strips of bovine ASM were precontracted with serotonin followed by ISO. Activation of the PKA pathway led to relaxation of bovine ASM, which was associated with phosphorylation of HSP20 and dephosphorylation of cofilin. Finally, treatment with phosphopeptide mimetics of HSP20 possessing a protein transduction domain partially relaxed precontracted bovine ASM strips. In summary, ISO-induced phosphorylation of HSP20 or synthetic phosphopeptide analogs of HSP20 decreases phosphorylation of cofilin and disrupts actin in ASM, suggesting that one possible mechanism by which HSP20 mediates ASM relaxation is via regulation of actin filament dynamics.
Department of Athletics: policies and procedures manual (2004)

In today's world efficient operation through the use of technology has become a must for organizations large and small. The University of Virginia Department of Athletics felt the need for a single comprehensive Web-based policies and procedures manual, something they previously lacked, to increase efficiency in their operations. To accomplish this our team created an information management system that allows authorized members of the department to easily browse and search the department's policies and procedures, view and print relevant forms, and access links to outside resources. The system also allows users to review and comment on policies and procedures that have yet to receive final approval. We describe the design and implementation of the Department of Athletics Web-based policies and procedures manual. Results, conclusions, and recommendations are presented.
Peritoneal sanctuary for human lymphopoiesis in SCID mice injected with human peripheral blood lymphocytes from Epstein‐Barr virus‐negative donors (1992)

The successful engraftment in SCID mice of intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected human lymphocytes (hu-PBL-SCID) and the failure of intravenously injected peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) directed the present study to investigate the early events of donor cell proliferation in the peritoneal cavity. We found focal lymphocyte engraftment together with histio-monocytic interleukin (IL)-6+ cell phenotypes which must have been transferred with the human cell inoculum, which could explain certain immune functions observed in hu-PBL-SCID chimeras. Following i.p. injection of 10(8) PBL, human cells suspended in peritoneal fluid as well as those adherent to the serosal peritoneum and abdominal organs were investigated by immunocytology and immunohistology. Human cells were found to form foci consisting predominantly of proliferating human lymphoblastoid CD3+ cells, which were mostly activated HLA-DR+ CD8+ lymphocytes. Among the lymphoid cells larger epithelioid-like cells were found to belong to the monocytic series and to stain strongly with anti-HLA-DR and anti-CD11c antibodies. Some of these cells were also positive with anti-ICAM and anti-IL-6. Congenic as well as allogeneic mouse PBL, injected i.p. into SCID mice, temporarily produced analogous foci, which shifted later on to foci similar in appearance to milky spots. However, the human cell foci appeared less compact, more closely resembling in vitro-culture soft agar colonies. It is possible that cytokines in the human histio-monocytic cells of the foci may have a feeder effect on the human lymphocytes and be a prerequisite for proliferation of human PBL in SCID mice. The observed early HLA-DR activation of human lymphocytes in the peritoneal foci could reflect triggering of immune reactions like xenogeneic graft-versus-host reactions in the peritoneal site, where the human CD11c+ HLA-DR+ histio-monocytic cells may act as antigen-presenting cells.
Design and Synthesis of α-Carboxy Phosphononucleosides (2010)

Rhodium catalyzed O-H insertion reactions employing α-diazophosphonate 20 with appropriately protected thymidine, uridine, cytosine, adenosine and guanosine derivatives leads to novel 5'-phosphononucleoside derivatives. Deprotection led to a novel series of phosphono derivatives bearing a carboxylic acid moiety adjacent to the phosphonate group with potential antiviral and/or anticancer activity. The phosphononucleosides bearing an α-carboxylic acid group are envisaged as potential diphosphate mimics. Conversion to mono- and diphosphorylated phosphononucleosides has been effected for evaluation as nucleoside triphosphate mimics. Most of the novel phosphononucleosides proved to be inactive against a variety of DNA and RNA viruses. Only the phosphono AZT derivatives 56-59 showed weak activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2.
STUDIES ON N-[2-THIENYLMETHYLIDENE)-2-AMINOPYRIDINE COMPLEXES OF Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) AND Cd(II) (2001)

Metal complexes ML2Cl2, where M is Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) and L is Schiff base formed by condensation of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and 2-aminopyridine, N-[2-thienylmethylidene]-2-arninopyridine (TNAPY), have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic and spectroscopic measurements. IR and NMR spectra show that the nitrogen of the azomethyne group and the sulphur of the thiophene ring take part in coordination. Magnetic, ESR and electronic spectral studies show a distorted octahedral structure for the Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes and a tetrahedral geometry for the Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes. Conductance measurements suggest the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes, with the exception of the Zn(TNAPY)2Cl2 and Cd(TNAPY)2Cl2 compounds which are 1:2 electrolytes.
Glycosaminoglycan Composition of the Vocal Fold Lamina Propria in Relation to Function (2008)

Observed CS/DS sulfation patterns imply that versican is a major contributor to human LP CS levels. In addition, examination of LP GAG with respect to gender revealed a significant variation in total levels of CS/DS and a potential difference in the levels of versican relative to decorin and biglycan. In dogs, LP scarring appeared to result in a reduction in hyaluronan and CS/DS. These FACE results were combined with histologic data to update current descriptive models linking LP microstructure with the regional variations in LP loading.
LONG INDUCED VOLTAGE ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOWMETERS AND THE EFFECT OF VELOCITY PROFILE (1971)

Journal Article LONG INDUCED VOLTAGE ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOWMETERS AND THE EFFECT OF VELOCITY PROFILE Get access M. K. BEVIR M. K. BEVIR School of Engineering, University of Warwick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, Volume 24, Issue 3, August 1971, Pages 347–372, https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmam/24.3.347 Published: 01 August 1971 Article history Received: 14 April 1970 Published: 01 August 1971
Economic Estimates of the Value of Life (1986)

This paper reviews the economic literature that, for policy evaluaton purposes, assigns a value to risking human lives. It argues the ethical justification for evaluating risk by observing how much people are willing to pay personally to avoid risks. Most willingness-to-pay figures are based on observations of how much compensation workers must be paid to work at a risky job. The conceptual and practical problems and biases in these figures are explained. The main studies of financial value of life calculation are reviewed in light of this discussion. The review concludes that a conservative estimate for the value of risking a life is $8 million (1984 dollars), a figure far greater than is typically used in policy analysis. Policy-makers are often required to weigh the benefits of instating safety precautions in a project or policy alternative against its costs. Making these tradeoffs requires an evaluation of the alternative relative risk, i.e., a translation of potential risks into dollars and cents. In this article, I will summarize and critically review from an economist's point of view the literature on the dollar value of risking life-the ''value of life (VOL)''-concentrating on the literature written by fellow economists. Evaluation of nonfatal injury and illness is just as critical a part of risk evaluation; however, space constraints prevent me from including it in this discussion. VOL figures are not meant to be equivalent to what you would pay in ransom money to a kidnapper in order to save your life.
Microtubule-associated protein 1B (2002)

Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN), an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in GAN, is characterized cytopathologically by cytoskeletal abnormality. Based on its sequence, gigaxonin contains an NH2-terminal BTB domain followed by six kelch repeats, which are believed to be important for protein-protein interactions (Adams, J., R. Kelso, and L. Cooley. 2000. Trends Cell Biol. 10:17-24.). Here, we report the identification of a neuronal binding partner of gigaxonin. Results obtained from yeast two-hybrid screening, cotransfections, and coimmunoprecipitations demonstrate that gigaxonin binds directly to microtubule-associated protein (MAP)1B light chain (LC; MAP1B-LC), a protein involved in maintaining the integrity of cytoskeletal structures and promoting neuronal stability. Studies using double immunofluorescent microscopy and ultrastructural analysis revealed physiological colocalization of gigaxonin with MAP1B in neurons. Furthermore, in transfected cells the specific interaction of gigaxonin with MAP1B is shown to enhance the microtubule stability required for axonal transport over long distance. At least two different mutations identified in GAN patients (Bomont, P., L. Cavalier, F. Blondeau, C. Ben Hamida, S. Belal, M. Tazir, E. Demir, H. Topaloglu, R. Korinthenberg, B. Tuysuz, et al. 2000. Nat. Genet. 26:370-374.) lead to loss of gigaxonin-MAP1B-LC interaction. The devastating axonal degeneration and neuronal death found in GAN patients point to the importance of gigaxonin for neuronal survival. Our findings may provide important insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders related to cytoskeletal abnormalities.
Gated-V/sub dd/: a circuit technique to reduce leakage in deep-submicron cache memories (2000)

Deep-submicron CMOS designs have resulted in large leakage energy dissipation in microprocessors. While SRAM cells in on-chip cache memories always contribute to this leakage, there is a large variability in active cell usage both within and across applications. This paper explores an integrated architectural and circuit-level approach to reducing leakage energy dissipation in instruction caches. We propose, gated-V/sub dd/, a circuit-level technique to gate the supply voltage and reduce leakage in unused SRAM cells. Our results indicate that gated-V/sub dd/ together with a novel resizable cache architecture reduces energy-delay by 62% with minimal impact on performance.
Differential Subcellular Regulation of NMDAR1 Protein and mRNA in Dendrites of Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells after Perforant Path Transection (1997)

Unilateral transection of the excitatory perforant path results in the acute deafferentation of a segregated zone on the distal dendrites of hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells (i.e., outer molecular layer), followed by sprouting, reactive synaptogenesis, and a return of physiological and behavioral function. To investigate cellular mechanisms underlying NMDA receptor plasticity in response to such extensive synaptic reorganization, we quantitatively evaluated changes in intensity levels of NMDAR1 immunofluorescence and NMDAR1 mRNA hybridization within subcellular compartments of dentate gyrus granule cells 2, 5, and 9 d after perforant path lesions. There were no significant changes in either measure at 2 d postlesion. However, at 5 and 9 d postlesion, during the period of axonal sprouting and synaptogenesis, there was an increase in NMDAR1 immunolabeling that was restricted to the dendritic segments of the denervated outer molecular layer and the granule cell somata. In contrast, NMDAR1 mRNA levels at 5 and 9 d postlesion increased throughout the full extent of the molecular layer, including both denervated and nondenervated segments of granule cell dendrites. These findings reveal that NMDAR1 mRNA is one of a limited population of mRNAs that is transported into dendrites and further suggest that in response to terminal proliferation and sprouting, increased mRNA transport occurs throughout the full dendritic extent, whereas increased local protein synthesis is restricted to denervated regions of the dendrites whose afferent activity is perturbed. These results begin to elucidate the dynamic postsynaptic subcellular regulation of receptor subunits associated with synaptic plasticity after denervation.
Osteoclast differentiation independent of the TRANCE–RANK–TRAF6 axis (2005)

Osteoclasts are derived from myeloid lineage cells, and their differentiation is supported by various osteotropic factors, including the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE). Genetic deletion of TRANCE or its receptor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANK), results in severely osteopetrotic mice with no osteoclasts in their bones. TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6 is a key signaling adaptor for RANK, and its deficiency leads to similar osteopetrosis. Hence, the current paradigm holds that TRANCE-RANK interaction and subsequent signaling via TRAF6 are essential for the generation of functional osteoclasts. Surprisingly, we show that hematopoietic precursors from TRANCE-, RANK-, or TRAF6-null mice can become osteoclasts in vitro when they are stimulated with TNF-alpha in the presence of cofactors such as TGF-beta. We provide direct evidence against the current paradigm that the TRANCE-RANK-TRAF6 pathway is essential for osteoclast differentiation and suggest the potential existence of alternative routes for osteoclast differentiation.
Fast Approximation Schemes for Convex Programs with Many Blocks and Coupling Constraints (1994)

This paper presents block-coordinate descent algorithms for the approximate solution of large structured convex programming problems. The constraints of such problems consist of K disjoint convex compact sets $B^k $ called blocks, and M nonnegative-valued convex block-separable inequalities called coupling or resource constraints. The algorithms are based on an exponential potential function reduction technique. It is shown that feasibility as well as min-mix resource-sharing problems for such constraints can be solved to a relative accuracy $\varepsilon$ in $O( K\ln M ( \varepsilon^{ - 2} + \ln K ) )$ iterations, each of which solves K block problems to a comparable accuracy, either sequentially or in parallel. The same bound holds for the expected number of iterations of a randomized variant of the algorithm which uniformly selects a random block to process at each iteration. An extension to objective and constraint functions of arbitrary sign is also presented. The above results yield fast approximation schemes for a number of applications such as problems with additively separable functions, generalized concurrent flows with side constraints, linear and nonlinear supply-sharing transportation networks, and deterministic equivalents of certain two-stage stochastic programs. Another consequence of this analysis is that, for a fixed relative accuracy, the approximate solution of matrix games is in $NC$.
Pulmonary Vein Region Ablation in Experimental Vagal Atrial Fibrillation (2008)

Intact PVs are not needed for maintenance of experimental cholinergic AF. Ablation of the autonomic ganglia at the base of the PVs suppresses vagal responses and may contribute to the effectiveness of PV-directed ablation procedures in vagal AF.
SAR Automatic Target Recognition based on Decision Fusion (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel automatic target recognition algorithm based on decision fusion. First, image chips are represented as feature vectors by 2-D wavelet transform and principal component analysis. Second, the feature vectors are classified by using algorithms of support vector machine, AdaBoost, k-nearest neighbor and Gaussian mixture models independently. Then, ranking based decision fusion algorithm is proposed to perform decision fusion. Final classification decisions are gained from the output of fusion algorithm. The experimental results show that with decision fusion, the probability of correct classification get an improvement of approximately 0.5% over the best individual classifier performance.
Third Generation Antipsychotic Drugs: Partial Agonism or Receptor Functional Selectivity? (2010)

Functional selectivity is the term that describes drugs that cause markedly different signaling through a single receptor (e.g., full agonist at one pathway and antagonist at a second). It has been widely recognized recently that this phenomenon impacts the understanding of mechanism of action of some drugs, and has relevance to drug discovery. One of the clinical areas where this mechanism has particular importance is in the treatment of schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs have been grouped according to both pattern of clinical action and mechanism of action. The original antipsychotic drugs such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol have been called typical or first generation. They cause both antipsychotic actions and many side effects (extrapyramidal and endocrine) that are ascribed to their high affinity dopamine D(2) receptor antagonism. Drugs such as clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone and others were then developed that avoided the neurological side effects (atypical or second generation antipsychotics). These compounds are divided mechanistically into those that are high affinity D(2) and 5-HT(2A) antagonists, and those that also bind with modest affinity to D(2), 5-HT(2A), and many other neuroreceptors. There is one approved third generation drug, aripiprazole, whose actions have been ascribed alternately to either D(2) partial agonism or D(2) functional selectivity. Although partial agonism has been the more widely accepted mechanism, the available data are inconsistent with this mechanism. Conversely, the D(2) functional selectivity hypothesis can accommodate all current data for aripiprazole, and also impacts on discovery compounds that are not pure D(2) antagonists.
Standards-Based Function Shipping - How to Use TOSCA for Shipping and Executing Data Analytics Software in Remote Manufacturing Environments (2017)

The increasing amount of gathered sensor data in Industry 4.0 allows comprehensive data analysis software that creates value-adding opportunities. As companies often cannot implement such software by themselves and as they typically don't want to give their data to external scientists, they commission them to build the required software in order to execute it locally. However, installing, configuring, and running complex third party software on another company's infrastructure and linking them to local data sources challenges the responsible administrators due to an immense technical complexity. Moreover, standards-based approaches for automation are missing. In this paper, we present three TOSCA-based deployment modelling approaches for function shipping that enable modelling data analysis software in a way that enables (i) its automated deployment and execution in a remote, foreign IT infrastructure including (ii) the wiring with the data sources that need to be processed in this environment. We validate the practical feasibility of the presented modelling approaches by a case study from the domain of manufacturing, which is based on the open-source TOSCA ecosystem OpenTOSCA, which provides a modelling tool, a runtime, as well as a self-service portal for TOSCA.
Tracking cerebral blood flow in BOLD fMRI using recursively generated regressors (2014)

BOLD functional MRI (fMRI) data are dominated by low frequency signals, many of them of unclear origin. We have recently shown that some portions of the low frequency oscillations found in BOLD fMRI are systemic signals closely related to the blood circulation (Tong et al. [2013]: NeuroImage 76:202-215). They are commonly treated as physiological noise in fMRI studies. In this study, we propose and test a novel data-driven analytical method that uses these systemic low frequency oscillations in the BOLD signal as a tracer to follow cerebral blood flow dynamically. Our findings demonstrate that: (1) systemic oscillations pervade the BOLD signal; (2) the temporal traces evolve as the blood propagates though the brain; and, (3) they can be effectively extracted via a recursive procedure and used to derive the cerebral circulation map. Moreover, this method is independent from functional analyses, and thus allows simultaneous and independent assessment of information about cerebral blood flow to be conducted in parallel with the functional studies. In this study, the method was applied to data from the resting state scans, acquired using a multiband EPI sequence (fMRI scan with much shorter TRs), of seven healthy participants. Dynamic maps with consistent features resembling cerebral blood circulation were derived, confirming the robustness and repeatability of the method.
Building a methodology for context-aware business processes: insights from an exploratory case study (2010)

This paper describes the findings from an exploratory case study into the business processes at aleading Australian insurance provider. The business processes are frequently subjected to changesand deviations due to contextual events such as weather, financial conditions and others. In this study,we examine how context impacts business processes and how resulting business process changes areenacted. From our analysis, we suggest a methodological framework to guide organisations in thecomplex challenge of linking changing contextual factors with internal process design.
Superconductivity above 90 K in Y-Ba-Cu-O Compounds and Their Critical Current Densities at 77 K (1987)

Y 0.4 Ba 0.6 Cu 1 O 3- y was found to consist of a mostly single orthorhombic phase and exhibit superconductivity with onset at 93 K, midpoint at 92 K and zero resistance (offset) at 90 K. As the ratio of Y 0.4 Ba 0.6 to Cu increases from 1.0 to 2.0, the volume fraction of other unidentified phases increases and the offset T c decreases to below 77 K at 2.0 through 85 K at 1.5, even though the high onset T c remains constant. Critical current densities at 77 K and zero applied field for the Y-Ba-Cu oxides are as low as about 10 A/cm 2 and hence the high T c oxides are concluded to be an extremely soft superconductor.