gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Backwards compatible high dynamic range video compression (2014)

This paper presents a two layer CODEC architecture for high dynamic range video compression. The base layer contains the tone mapped video stream encoded with 8 bits per component which can be decoded using conventional equipment. The base layer content is optimized for rendering on low dynamic range displays. The enhancement layer contains the image difference, in perceptually uniform color space, between the result of inverse tone mapped base layer content and the original video stream. Prediction of the high dynamic range content reduces the redundancy in the transmitted data while still preserves highlights and out-of-gamut colors. Perceptually uniform colorspace enables using standard ratedistortion optimization algorithms. We present techniques for efficient implementation and encoding of non-uniform tone mapping operators with low overhead in terms of bitstream size and number of operations. The transform representation is based on human vision system model and suitable for global and local tone mapping operators. The compression techniques include predicting the transform parameters from previously decoded frames and from already decoded data for current frame. Different video compression techniques are compared: backwards compatible and non-backwards compatible using AVC and HEVC codecs.
Understanding children's work in Uganda (2008)

Child labor constitutes a key obstacle to achieving universal primary education and other Millennium Development Goals in Uganda. It not only harms the welfare of individual children, but also slows broader national poverty reduction and development efforts. Children forced out of school and into labor to help their families make ends meet are denied the opportunity to acquire the knowledge and skills needed for gainful future employment, thereby perpetuating the cycle of poverty. The worst off child laborers face immediate threats to their safety and wellbeing, and therefore constitute an urgent policy priority. The report provides an initial overview of the child labor phenomenon in Uganda its extent and nature, its determinants, and its consequences on children's health and education. The analysis considers the economics as well as the social determinants of child labor and follows a cross-sectoral approach, especially in the identification of the household and community-related factors underlying child labor in Uganda. Particular attention is given to the links between child labor and schooling, both to highlight this in the policy dialogue and to provide recommendations for protection of children who will still be working in the short to medium term.
Dimerization of mammalian progesterone receptors occurs in the absence of DNA and is related to the release of the 90-kDa heat shock protein. (1991)

In this study we have demonstrated that dimerization of mammalian progesterone receptors (PR) occurs in the absence of DNA. A specific immune coisolation assay was performed on extracts of T-47D human breast cancer cells with a monoclonal antibody specific for the full-length B form of progesterone receptor (PR-B). This resulted in coisolation of significant amounts of truncated form-A receptors (PR-A), indicating the presence of stable PR-A.PR-B dimers in solution. A positive correlation was observed between the ability of different receptor forms to oligomerize in solution and their ability to bind to specific DNA sequences. The ability to form stable PR-A.PR-B oligomers in the absence of DNA was also found to correlate with release of 90-kDa heat shock protein (hsp90) from the unactivated PR complex. These results support the hypothesis that dimerization in the absence of DNA is an important mechanism controlling receptor DNA-binding function and that hsp90 release may be a key step regulating dimerization. This suggests that hsp90 may function to repress DNA-binding activity indirectly by blocking receptor dimerization.
The Set MHT (2011)

We introduce the Set MHT, a tracking algorithm that maintains multiple hypotheses and produces “smooth” estimates without the track coalescence often associated with Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) estimation or the jitter associated with Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation. It does this by utilizing Minimum Mean Optimal Subpattern Assignment (MMOSPA) estimation techniques coupled with a theoretically-grounded approach for probabilistically determining the identities of the state estimates. Unlike traditional MHT algorithms, the Set MHT does not “forget” uncertainty in target identities, i.e. display an unjustifiably high confidence level in the target identities, as a result of pruning out competing hypotheses. Rather, it uses merging techniques while avoiding the shortcomings of traditional Gaussian mixture reduction trackers.
Highly Conductive Coaxial SnO<sub>2</sub>−In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Heterostructured Nanowires for Li Ion Battery Electrodes (2007)

Novel SnO(2)-In(2)O(3) heterostructured nanowires were produced via a thermal evaporation method, and their possible nucleation/growth mechanism is proposed. We found that the electronic conductivity of the individual SnO(2)-In(2)O(3) nanowires was 2 orders of magnitude better than that of the pure SnO(2) nanowires, due to the formation of Sn-doped In(2)O(3) caused by the incorporation of Sn into the In(2)O(3) lattice during the nucleation and growth of the In(2)O(3) shell nanostructures. This provides the SnO(2)-In(2)O(3) nanowires with an outstanding lithium storage capacity, making them suitable for promising Li ion battery electrodes.
Cooperative and Selective Lithium Complexation of 2,11,13,22-Tetraaza-5,8,16,19- tetraoxa-1,12-dioxocyclodocosanes (2001)

[reaction: see text] Ureyleno crown ethers 2 and 3 bind with 2 equiv of Li(+) cooperatively and selectively over other alkali metal ions such as Na(+), K(+), and Cs(+). The binding constant for 3 was found to be 3.0 x 10(7) (L/mol)(2).
High performance silicon-based GeSn p–i–n photodetectors for short-wave infrared application* (2019)

An investigation of germanium-tin (GeSn) on silicon p–i–n photodetectors with a high-quality Ge 0.94 Sn 0.06 absorbing layer is reported. The GeSn photodetector reached a responsivity as high as 0.45 A/W at the wavelength of 1550 nm and 0.12 A/W at the wavelength of 2 μm. A cycle annealing technology was applied to improve the quality of the epitaxial layer during the growth process by molecular beam epitaxy. A low dark-current density under 1 V reverse bias about 0.078 A/cm 2 was achieved at room temperature. Furthermore, the GeSn photodetector could detect a wide spectrum region and the cutoff wavelength reached to about 2.3 μm. This work has great importance in silicon-based short-wave infrared detection.
SYNTHESIS AND ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION OF SOME PYRAZOLONES (1951)

Thirteen 3-amino-5-pyrazolones substituted only in position 4 have been synthesized from the corresponding mono- or disubstituted cyanoacethydrazides or cyanoacetic esters in alkaline medium. Their ultraviolet light absorption spectra have been determined in neutral and acid solutions.
Diaphragmatic and subcutaneous seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma following fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (1998)

The risk of seeding following fine-needle biopsy aspiration of hepatocellular carcinoma can no longer be considered negligable. The real risk is probably underestimated. Even for biopsy of lesions localized to the inferior part of the liver, diaphragmatic seeding is possible. This seeding necessitates surgical resection, increasing the therapeutic morbidity of hepatocellular carcinomas. We believe that in cases where investigation of a small hepatic tumor suggests a hepatocellular carcinoma that could be resected, or for candidate patients for liver transplantation. one should not puncture the tumor. If this diagnostic biopsy is essential, then the needle track could be resected upon surgery, after cutaneous external tattooing.
Mixing realities in Shared Space: an augmented reality interface for collaborative computing (2002)

In the Shared Space project, we explore, innovate, design and evaluate future computing environments that will radically enhance interaction between human and computers as well as interaction between humans mediated by computers. In particular, we investigate how augmented reality enhanced by physical and spatial 3D user interfaces can be used to develop effective face-to-face collaborative computing environments. How will we interact in such collaborative spaces? How will we interact with each other? What new applications can be developed using this technology? These are the questions that we are trying to answer in research on Shared Space. The paper provides a short overview of Shared Space, its directions, technologies and applications.
A Study of Visible Chromatic Contrast Threshold Based on Different Color Directions and Spatial Frequencies (2018)

The goal of this work is to provide a guideline to produce high quality chromatic contrast sensitivity (CCS) data at low frequencies, and to contrast with the previously published data. An experiment was carried out usingforced-choice stair-case method to investigate the CCS just noticeable difference (JND) in different color changing directions at different spatial frequencies. The JND ellipses at different spatial frequencies were fitted and compared with those earlier studies. The results from a white and a green center were reported. They provided theoretical basis and standard practice for the lighting and the imaging industries.
Biochemical and genetic studies in cystinuria: observations on double heterozygotes of genotype I/II (1971)

10 families with cystinuria were investigated by measuring: (a) quantitative 24 hr urinary excretion of amino acids by column chromatography; (b) endogenous renal clearances of amino acids and creatinine; (c) intestinal uptake of (34)C-labeled L-cystine, L-lysine, and L-arginine using jejunal mucosal biopsies; (d) oral cystine loading tests. All four of these were studied in the probands and the first two in a large number of the family members.49 members of 8 families were found to have a regular genetic pattern as described previously by Harris, Rosenberg, and their coworkers. Clinical or biochemical differences between the homozygotes type I (recessive cystinuria) and homozygotes type II (incompletely recessive cystinuria) have not been found. Both types excreted similarly excessive amounts of cystine, lysine, arginine, and ornithine, and had high endogenous renal clearances for these four amino acids. Some homozygotes of both types had a cystine clearance higher than the glomerular filtration rate. Jejunal mucosa from both types of homozygotes exhibited near complete inability to concentrate cystine and lysine in vitro. This was also documented in vivo with oral cystine loads. The heterozygotes type I were phenotypically normal with respect to the above four measurements. The heterozygotes type II showed moderate but definite abnormalities in their urinary excretion and their renal clearances of dibasic amino acids. Of the four amino acids concerned, cystine was the most reliable marker to differentiate between the heterozygotes type II and the homozygous normals. In this study, type III cystinuria, as described by Rosenberg, was not encountered. In two additional families, double heterozygotes of genotype I/II were found. The disease affecting these is clinically and biochemically less severe than that affecting homozygotes of either type I or type II. With respect to the four parameters used in this study, the double heterozygotes type I/II have results which are intermediate between those of the homozygotes type I and II and those of the heterozygotes type II.
Cropping Billets with Low Aspect Ratios (1980)

Fractureless cropping and high speed cropping, two successful innovations for superior quality billets, are based on completely opposite principles. In the former, fracture is suppressed through axial compressive pressure, whereas the success of the latter process lies in inducing cracks within a very narrow zone. However, both these techniques have considerable limitations with regard to the production of relatively short billets in less ductile materials. The present paper shows that certain features of the above mentioned techniques can be combined to produce good quality, short billets. In particular, a combination of high cropping speeds and relatively low compressive pressure can produce very short billets in steels.
Phagocyte-specific S100A8/A9 Protein Levels During Disease Exacerbations and Infections in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2009)

Serum levels of S100A8/A9 are significantly raised in SLE versus pSS patients and healthy controls and can be correlated to a disease activity index. S100A8/A9 is a more relevant marker of infection in SLE patients.
Emmyguyacins A and B:  Unusual Glycolipids from a Sterile Fungus Species That Inhibit the Low-pH Conformational Change of Hemagglutinin A during Replication of Influenza Virus (2002)

Two novel glycolipids, emmyguyacin A (1a) and emmyguyacin B (1b), were isolated at concentrations of 1.51 g/L from a potato dextrose agar fermentation of a sterile fungus species. The compounds inhibit replication of influenza A virus (A/X31) in MDCK cells by inhibiting the pH-dependent conformational change of hemagglutinin A (IC(50) 9 microM). The structures were deduced using one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques and mass spectrometric analyses on both the parent compounds and a host of degradation products and derivatives. A novel and unusual oxalic acid ester of a monohydroxylated fatty acid (5, 17-oxalyloxydocosanoic acid) is reported. The first isolation and characterization of the fatty acid 17-hydroxydocosanoic acid (3) itself is also reported as a saponification product of 1.
1323: Who knows best about heart failure; patients, partners or the general population? (2007)

individualized education and counselling, structured discharge planning and follow up. Knowledge and self-care behaviour regarding to HF was assessed at 3 different time points: 1) at baseline prior to the start of the in-hospital intervention, 2) at hospital discharge and 3) at the outpatient clinic follow up visit or at home two weeks to three months postdischarge using self-administered questionnaires. Knowledge and self-care were assessed with the "Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale" and the "European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale", respectively. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test) to compare patients over the three time points for the outcomes under study.
Regulation of <i>HDAC9</i> Gene Expression by MEF2 Establishes a Negative-Feedback Loop in the Transcriptional Circuitry of Muscle Differentiation (2006)

Skeletal muscle development is controlled by the myocyte enhancer factor (MEF2) and myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) families of transcription factors, which associate and synergistically activate muscle gene expression. Muscle differentiation is further reinforced by positive-feedback loops in which myogenic bHLH proteins activate their own expression and the expression of MEF2, while MEF2 stimulates expression of myogenic bHLH genes and the Mef2c gene. Here we describe a myogenic negative-feedback loop that consists of MEF2 proteins and the transcriptional repressor histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9). We show that the HDAC9 gene is a direct transcriptional target of MEF2 in vitro and in vivo. HDAC9 can associate with MEF2 proteins and suppress their transcriptional activity. The transcriptional repressor HDAC9 thus forms a negative-feedback loop in the transcriptional circuitry of muscle differentiation.
NotifyMeHere (2019)

Personal interactions and information access are happening more and more through the mediation of computing devices of various types all around us. In our daily life we use many computing devices running different versions of the same application such as email clients or social media platforms, which alert users about a new piece of information or event on all devices. In this paper we first present a study investigating the factors influencing users' decisions in handling notifications in a multi-device environment. We collected 57,242 in-the-wild notifications from 24 users over a period of 21 days. We found that users' decisions in handling notifications are impacted by their physical activity, location, network connectivity, application category and the device used for handling the previous notification. Finally, we show that an individualized model can predict the device on which the user will handle a notification in the given context with 82% specificity and 91% sensitivity.
Redox Chemistry Dominates the Degradation and Decomposition of Metal Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices (2016)

We report a comprehensive study of the chemistry of perovskite optoelectronic device degradation and show that redox reactions are fundamental to the degradation process for CH3NH3PbI3, CsPbI3, and CsPbBr3 perovskites with Ag, Al, Yb, or Cr contacts. Using in situ X-ray diffraction measurements, we study the chemistry of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite devices equipped with Al electrodes; we find that Al0 rapidly reduces Pb2+ to Pb0, converting CH3NH3PbI3 first to (CH3NH3)4PbI6·2H2O and then to CH3NH3I. In situ scanning electron microscopy measurements show that moisture enables continued reaction of the Al and perovskite layers by facilitating ion diffusion, before serving as a decomposition reagent for the perovskite film. Redox reactions follow what is expected based on standard electrochemical potentials for Al, Cr, and Yb; for Ag, the redox chemistry is enabled by the presence of iodide. We emphasize that critical chemical reactions can stem from intrinsic interfacial interactions between the layers in a device and not necessarily from external agents; degradation studies must consider the device as an entity, rather than focusing only on the stability of perovskite films.
Rock-typing In Carbonates: A Critical Review Of Clustering Methods (2014)

Abstract Carbonate reservoir Rock-Types are generally complex to identify due to the intricate impact of diagenesis on the porous network. Based on a many years of experience working with carbonates, TOTAL has developed over time a dedicated Rock-Typing workflow contingent on the integration of all core and log data at all possible scales (from SEM to field). The result is designated as SRT standing for Static Rock-Types. Considering that the key point of Rock-Typing is to capture as straightforward as possible a relationship between geology and petrophysics, SRT could be considered as a geologically and petrophysically homogeneous group of rocks with specific distributions and relationships between K, Φ and Sw, reflecting the main petrophysical properties. The petrophysical distributions within each Rock-Type must be stationary or homogeneous within petrophysical domain and follow certain geostatistical behaviors. Moreover, there must be a specific and comprehensible link with the geology (lithology, stratigraphy, sedimentology and diagenesis) in order the petrophysics to be extrapolated in 3D. This paper presents a critical review of the most common clustering methods (Lucia, Pittman, RQI, FZI …). Some are geologically driven, others petrophysically driven, some are defined at plug or even core scale, others at log scale. After comparing the pros and cons of each method, the SRT approach reconciles plug to log scale on one side and geology (including diagenesis) and petrophysics on the other side. The discriminating parameters for SRT building have to be found among CCA (Φ, K, ρ), SCAL (Pc, PTR), accurate thin sections description (texture, porosity types, cement types, crystals size), and logs responses (core logs, well logs including imagery and NMR). SRT can consequently be propagated in non-cored intervals through electro-SRT models based on the sedimento-diagenetical model provided by the sedimentologists allowing the 3D distribution of petrophysical properties between the wells.
Input/output fiber configuration in a laser package design (1993)

The mechanical and thermally induced stresses are evaluated for different configurations of the input/output (I/O) fibers in a laser package design. We show that, if the fibers experience bending deformations, the mechanical stresses can be minimized by applying a proper ends off-set and that the thermal stresses can be reduced, if necessary, by the mechanical prestressing of the fibers. We show also that if the optical device can be rotated by a small angle around the transverse axis, this rotation can be effectively used for minimizing the stresses. We found that the smallest fiber span can be achieved by making the end planes of the optical device perpendicular to the package's axis. In this case the I/O fibers become straight, and should be made short enough to avoid buckling under the action of the thermally induced compressive stresses. We suggest that such a configuration is employed, when the appropriate rotation of the optical device is possible, the fiber ends can be easily aligned, and the support structures are sufficiently strong to withstand a relatively high thermally induced force from the compressed fiber. This force can be brought down, if necessary, by application of low expansion materials for the package enclosure (such as, say, Kovar or Invar). Although the results of our analysis enable a designer to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the I/O fiber of different configurations, the final selection of the I/O fiber configuration can be made only after the allowable stresses and the achievable alignment (in the case of straight fiber) are determined experimentally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Essential roles of bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 as metabolic regulators (2014)

Alterations of bile acid (BA) metabolism in type II diabetes (T2D) have revealed a link between BAs and metabolic homeostasis.The BA receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G-protein coupled BA receptor 1 (TGR5) both have shown to regulate lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism, rendering them potential therapeutic targets for T2D therapy.Astonishingly, BA signaling is vital as it has known to be a positive factor for beneficial improvements in vertical sleeve gastrectomy surgery, in turn making these BA receptors beneficial tools in therapeutic targets for T2D.These metabolic regulators: FXR and TGR5 are essential modulators in the metabolic system, which affect the human machinery and will be the focus of this review.
The Arms of Krupp, 1587-1968. (1969)

Keluarga Krupp adalah produsen senjata utama Jerman dari pertengahan abad ke-19 hingga akhir Perang Dunia II, memproduksi potongan artileri dan kapal selam yang menetapkan standar untuk keefektifan. Buku ini menceritakan sejarah perusahaan yang berpengaruh ini.
Dose-Dependent Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Clozapine and Paroxetine in an Extensive Metabolizer (1997)

A 53-year-old patient suffering from delusional disorder developed an anticholinergic syndrome 19 days after initiation of paroxetine in addition to a steady dose of clozapine. The clozapine plasma concentration had doubled and was in the toxic range. On re-exposition with a lower clozapine dosage the increase was significantly lower. The importance of a dose-dependent interaction of both drugs is emphasized and a possible pharmacological explanation described. With regard to interactions of SSRIs and clozapine, fluvoxamine, a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2, gives rise to higher clozapine levels at an earlier time, compared to other SSRIs (paroxetine, fluoxetine and sertraline), which are potent cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitors.