gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE TRIPLET AND RADICAL SPECIES OF HAEMATOPORPHYRIN AND SOME OF ITS DERIVATIVES (1983)

Abstract— Nanosecond laser flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis have been used to generate and characterise the triplet state, and semioxidised and semireduced radicals of haematoporphyrin, and three 0 ‐acyl compounds derived from it (the monoacetate, the diacetate and the disuccinate). After 347 nm irradiation in water containing 2% Triton X‐100, haematoporphyrin forms the triplet state (φ T = 0.92) and photoionises monophotonically (φ I = 0.03). For the O ‐acyl derivatives, φ T approaches unity and photoionisation is reduced. In acetone the triplet yield of all four compounds are close to unity. The difference and corrected spectra for the triplet species are presented and decay rates ( k 1 ˜10 4 s ‐1 ) and oxygen quenching constants ( k Q ˜1.5times10 9 M ‐1 s ‐1 ) for the triplet state have been measured. The difference and corrected spectra for the semi‐reduced species in methanol and semi‐oxidised species in aqueous Triton X‐100 are presented. The photophysical characteristics in fluid solution of haematoporphyrin and its 0 ‐acyl derivatives are rather similar to those previously recorded for other photosensitising porphyrins.
Corticosteroids in the treatment of acute asthma (2014)

Asthma is a prevalent chronic disease of the respiratory system and acute asthma exacerbations are among the most common causes of presentation to the emergency department (ED) and admission to hospital particularly in children. Bronchial airways inflammation is the most prominent pathological feature of asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), through their anti-inflammatory effects have been the mainstay of treatment of asthma for many years. Systemic and ICS are also used in the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations. Several international asthma management guidelines recommend the use of systemic corticosteroids in the management of moderate to severe acute asthma early upon presentation to the ED. On the other hand, ICS use in the management acute asthma has been studied in different contexts with encouraging results in some and negative in others. This review sheds some light on the role of systemic and ICS in the management of acute asthma and discusses the current evidence behind their different ways of application particularly in relation to new developments in the field.
Tautomeric pyridines. Part VIII. Structure and spectra of picolyldiphenylphosphine oxides (1966)

The picolyldiphenylphosphine oxides exist as such, the tautomeric 4-ylidene forms being even less favoured than in the phenyl sulphone analogues.
Generation of Transportation Fuel from Solid Municipal Waste Plastics (2011)

Transportation fuels derived from imported fossil fuels are subjected to the price fluctuations of the global marketplace, and constitute a major expense in the operation of a vehicle. Emissions from the evaporation and combustion of these fuels contribute to a range of environmental and health problems, causing poor air quality and emitting greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Alternative fuel created from domestic sources has been proposed as a solution to these problems, and many fuels are being developed based on biomass and other renewable sources. Natural State Research, Inc. proposes a different alternative hydrocarbon fuel which is produced from abundant waste plastic materials. This fuel burns more efficiently and cleaner than commercial gasoline and diesel. The process exists to efficiently convert waste plastic into a reliable low cost source of fuel.
Selective preparation of carbon nanoflakes, carbon nanospheres, and carbon nanotubes through carbonization of polymethacrylate by using different catalyst precursors (2013)

This work reports the selective preparation of different kinds of carbon nanomaterials through carbonization of polymethacrylate (PMA)/organophilic clay (Oclay) composite by just changing the catalyst precursors. The morphologies and structures of the carbon materials were characterized by Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The result indicated that the catalyst precusors had a strong influence on the morphologies and yields of the obtained products. Carbon nanoflakes were produced when iron oxide was used as the catalyst precursor, cobalt oxide favored the formation of carbon nanospheres, while carbon nanotubes occurred over nickel oxide. The presence of Oclay plallets was determined to prevent the pyrolytic carbon species of PMA in the system from escaping, thus relatively more carbon nanomaterials were obtained. Based on the experimental observations, a possible mechanism was discussed for illustrating the growth process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1029‐1037, 2013
An Immunologic Model in Laboratory Animals for the Study of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1974)

The controlled in vivo testing of gonococcal antigens, which in the past has been limited by the absence of a suitable model in laboratory animals, is important to the development of an effective immunizing agent for gonorrhea. Experimental infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been recently reported, however, in four species of laboratory animals: rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, and mice. When the infection in each of these species was considered and the potential use of the species as a laboratory model was evaluated, the guinea pig was found to be the most satisfactory species for study of the immune mechanism of gonococcal infections. Both active and serum-mediated passive immunity were demonstrated in the guinea pig model.
Frequent recombination in telomeric DNA may extend the proliferative life of telomerase-negative cells (2004)

For cells on the path to carcinogenesis, the key to unlimited growth potential lies in overcoming the steady loss of telomeric sequence commonly referred to as the 'end-replication problem' that occurs with each cell division. Most human tumors have reactivated telomerase, a specialized reverse transcriptase that directs RNA-templated addition of telomeric repeats on to chromosomal termini. However, approximately 10% of tumors maintain their telomeres through a recombination-based mechanism, termed alternative lengthening of telomeres or ALT. Here we demonstrate that telomeric DNA undergoes a high rate of a particular type of recombination visualized cytogenetically as sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and that this rate is dependent on genotype. A novel model of ALT is presented in which it is argued that telomeric exchanges, if they are unequal and occur at a sufficiently high frequency, will allow cells to proliferate indefinitely without polymerase-mediated extension of telomeric sequence.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-functionalized siloxane nanoparticles (2013)

Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-functionalized siloxane nanoparticles were prepared by a modified Stöber method. The photovoltaic performance of P3HT-nanohybrids with C60 derivative PCBM was evaluated. The device made from 1 : 1 blends of P3HT-NPs:PCBM showed reasonably good photovoltaic performance with a power conversion efficiency of 2.5% under standard test conditions (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm(-2)).
Color calibration of multi-projector displays through automatic optimization of hardware settings (2009)

We describe a system that performs automatic, camera-based photometric projector calibration by adjusting hardware settings (e.g. brightness, contrast, etc.). The approach has two basic advantages over software-correction methods. First, there is no software interface imposed on graphical programs: all imagery displayed on the projector benefits from the calibration immediately, without render-time overhead or code changes. Secondly, the approach benefits from the fact that projector hardware settings typically are capable of expanding or shifting color gamuts (e.g. trading off maximum brightness versus darkness of black levels), something that software methods, which only shrink gamuts, cannot do. In practice this means that hardware settings can possibly match colors between projectors while maintaining a larger overall color gamut (e.g. better contrast) than software-only correction can. The prototype system is fully automatic. The space of hardware settings is explored by using a computer-controlled universal remote to navigate each projector's menu system. An off-the-shelf camera observes each projector's response curves. A cost function is computed for the curves based on their similarity to each other, as well as intrinsic characteristics, including color balance, black level, gamma, and dynamic range. An approximate optimum is found using a heuristic combinatoric search. Results show significant qualitative improvements in the absolute colors, as well as the color consistency, of the display.
[Percutaneous revascularization of long-standing chronic occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. A pilot study]. (2001)

Long chronic occlusion can be successfully treated by percutaneous techniques. To maintain a high patency rate frequent clinical follow-up is mandatory.
Influence of Several Lipids on Human Serum Cholesterol (Part 5) (1962)

The previous papers have reported that the vegetable oils generally have no rising effect of serum cholesterol level, moreover safflower, corn, sunflower oils lowered distinctly its level.In this report the rice oil which expression is specially conducted abundantly in Japan is put to the test.The rice oil showed a remarkable lowering effect supposed much more than three kinds of oils above mentioned.This effect may be attributed to its unsaponifiable matters, because its linoleic acid content is only 36% that is much less than the other oils' and the cholesterol lowering effect of the rice oil is different by the refine methods.
A facile synthesis of pentadeuterated domiodol (2‐iodomethyl‐4‐hydroxymethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane) from glycerol‐1,1,2,3,3‐d<sub>5</sub> (1994)

Abstract The acid catalyzed reaction of glycerol‐d 5 with bromoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal affords the corresponding 2‐bromomethyl‐4‐hydroxymethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane, which was treated with lithium iodide in 2‐butanone to afford the pentadeuterated domiodol 1 in high isotopic purity.
Haemophilia and inhibitors. 2: surgical management. (2008)

Part 1 of this two-part unit on haemophilia and inhibitors examined the condition of haemophilia, the problem of inhibitors and practical challenges nurses may face in surgical management. This second part examines a case study of a 58-year-old man with severe haemophilia and an inhibitor. Communication and involvement with the patient, caregivers, allied departments and the multidisciplinary team were integral to the procedure's success. This, in addition to detailed planning and continuity of care, is crucial for a successful outcome.
atToc159 is a selective transit peptide receptor for the import of nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins (2004)

The members of the Toc159 family of GTPases act as the primary receptors for the import of nucleus-encoded preproteins into plastids. Toc159, the most abundant member of this family in chloroplasts, is required for chloroplast biogenesis (Bauer, J., K. Chen, A. Hiltbunner, E. Wehrli, M. Eugster, D. Schnell, and F. Kessler. 2000. Nature. 403:203-207) and has been shown to covalently cross-link to bound preproteins at the chloroplast surface (Ma, Y., A. Kouranov, S. LaSala, and D.J. Schnell. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 134:1-13; Perry, S.E., and K. Keegstra. 1994. Plant Cell. 6:93-105). These reports led to the hypothesis that Toc159 functions as a selective import receptor for preproteins that are required for chloroplast development. In this report, we provide evidence that Toc159 is required for the import of several highly expressed photosynthetic preproteins in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the cytoplasmic and recombinant forms of soluble Toc159 bind directly and selectively to the transit peptides of these representative photosynthetic preproteins, but not representative constitutively expressed plastid preproteins. These data support the function of Toc159 as a selective import receptor for the targeting of a set of preproteins required for chloroplast biogenesis.
Ether polar lipids of methanogenic bacteria: structures, comparative aspects, and biosyntheses (1993)

Complete structures of nearly 40 ether polar lipids from seven species of methanogens have been elucidated during the past 10 years. Three kinds of variations of core lipids, macrocyclic archaeol and two hydroxyarchaeols, were identified, in addition to the usual archaeol and caldarchaeol (for the nomenclature of archaeal [archaebacterial] ether lipids, see the text). Polar head groups of methanogen phospholipids include ethanolamine, serine, inositol, N-acetylglucosamine, dimethyl- and trimethylaminopentanetetrol, and glucosaminylinositol. Glucose is the sole hexose moiety of glycolipids in most methanogens, and galactose and mannose have been found in a few species. Methanogen lipids are characterized by their diversity in phosphate-containing polar head groups and core lipids, which in turn can be used for chemotaxonomy of methanogens. This was shown by preliminary simplified analyses of lipid component residues. Core lipid analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography provides a method of determining the methanogenic biomass in natural samples. There has been significant progress in the biosynthetic studies of methanogen lipids in recent years. In vivo incorporation experiments have led to delineation of the outline of the synthetic route of the diphytanylglycerol ether core. The mechanisms of biosynthesis of tetraether lipids and various polar lipids, and cell-free systems of either lipid synthesis, however, remain to be elucidated. The significance and the origin of archaeal ether lipids is discussed in terms of the lipid composition of bacteria living in a wide variety of environments, the oxygen requirement for biosynthesis of hydrocarbon chains, and the physicochemical properties and functions of lipids as membrane constituents.
Shadow Based On-Road Vehicle Detection and Verification Using HAAR Wavelet Packet Transform (2006)

The paper describes a novel, approach for an on road vehicle detection system with the view of driving assistance. The presented technique generates the initial hypothesis by detecting the shadows projected by vehicles on the road surface. The results of detection are then verified using the Haar wavelet packet transform. The verification step compares the standard deviations of the best basis vector of the hypothesized vehicle with pre-computed feature vector of similar values for different vehicular structures. Experimental results confirm the validity of the presented approach in different lightening conditions and scenarios. The presented technique is capable of detecting vehicles at twelve frames per sec which makes it ideal for real time pre-crash sensing.
Sigles et abréviations dans le contexte genevois (2011)

1e, 2e Première enfantine, Deuxième enfantine1P, 2P… Première primaire, Deuxième primaire…ARA, AJETA Association des répétitoires à GenèveAI Assurance invaliditéAPE Association des parents d’élèvesAS Aide socialeCASS Centre d’action social et de santéCE Coordination enfanceCFF Chemins de fer
The pathology of multiple sclerosis: a paradigm shift (2006)

Recent pathological studies raise important questions regarding the aetiology of oligodendrocyte apoptosis, the mechanisms by which the accompanying inflammatory response amplifies tissue injury and the regulation of central nervous system immunity. An improved understanding of these processes is essential for advancing therapeutic interventions applicable to different stages of the disease.
A proposed methodology for computational fluid dynamics code verification, calibration, and validation (2002)

Verification, calibration, and validation (VCV) of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes is an essential element of the code development process. The exact manner in which code VCV activities are planned and conducted, however, is critically important. It is suggested that the way in which code validation, in particular, is often conducted-by comparison to published experimental data obtained for other purposes-is in general difficult and unsatisfactory, and that a different approach is required. This paper describes a proposed methodology for CFD code VCV that meets the technical requirements and is philosophically consistent with code development needs. The proposed methodology stresses teamwork and cooperation between code developers and experimentalists throughout the VCV process, and takes advantage of certain synergisms between CFD and experiment. A novel approach to uncertainty analysis is described which can both distinguish between and quantify various types of experimental error, and whose attributes are used to help define an appropriate experimental design for code VCV experiments. The methodology is demonstrated with an example of laminar, hypersonic, near perfect gas, 3-dimensional flow over a sliced sphere/cone of varying geometrical complexity.
p53 Regulation of the IGF-1/AKT/mTOR Pathways and the Endosomal Compartment (2009)

In response to various stress signals, which introduce infidelity into the processes of cell growth and division, p53 initiates cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, or senescence to maintain fidelity throughout the cell cycle. Although these functions are traditionally thought of as the major functions of the p53 protein for tumor suppression, recent studies have revealed some additional novel functions of the p53 pathway. These include the down-regulation of two central cell-growth pathways, the IGF/AKT-1 and mTOR pathways, and the up-regulation of the activities of the endosomal compartment. The IGF-1/AKT and mTOR pathways are two evolutionarily conserved pathways that play critical roles in regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and energy metabolism. In response to stress, p53 transcribes a group of critical negative regulators in these two pathways, including IGF-BP3, PTEN, TSC2, AMPK beta1, and Sestrin1/2, which leads to the reduction in the activities of these two pathways. Furthermore, p53 transcribes several critical genes regulating the endosomal compartment, including TSAP6, Chmp4C, Caveolin-1, and DRAM, and increases exosome secretion, the rate of endosomal removal of growth factor receptors (e.g., EGFR) from cell surface, and enhances autophagy. These activities all function to slow down cell growth and division, conserve and recycle cellular resources, communicate with adjacent cells and dendritic cells of the immune system, and inform other tissues of the stress signals. This coordinated regulation of IGF-1/AKT/mTOR pathways and the endosomal compartment by the p53 pathway integrates the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels of activities and prevents the accumulations of errors in response to stress and restores cellular homeostasis after stress.
Critical charge concepts for CMOS SRAMs (1995)

The dramatic effects of external circuit loading on the heavy-ion-induced charge-collection response of a struck transistor are illustrated using three-dimensional mixed-mode simulations. Simulated charge-collection and SEU characteristics of a CMOS SRAM cell indicate that, in some cases, more charge call be collected at sensitive nodes from strikes that do not cause upset than from strikes that do cause upset. Computations of critical charge must take into account the time during which charge is collected, not simply the total amount of charge collected. Model predictions of the incident linear energy transfer required to cause upset agree well with measured data for CMOS SRAMs, without parameter adjustments. The results show the absolute necessity of treating circuit effects in any realistic device simulation of single-event upset (SEU) in SRAMs.
Overview of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guideline (1998)

I am honoured to be a part of this panel. Our goal is to provide you with a perspective that is both realistic and positive. That perspective is based around the unique opportunity that managed care organisations (MCOs) have before them. Managed care organisations have an opportunity to help their enrollees quit smoking—an opportunity not only to save lives, but also to decrease the extraordinary morbidity that results from tobacco addiction. Finally, MCOs have an opportunity to do all of this in a cost-effective manner.

The speakers on the panel will first outline the findings of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) clinical practice guideline on smoking cessation,1 and then offer insights about the challenges of disseminating such a set of recommendations. They will describe two real world experiences. We will hear that of a managed care organisation with a wealth of experience and a track record showing how effective systematic tobacco intervention programmes can be implemented. We will also hear about the experience of a managed care organisation that is initiating a new programme to address tobacco addiction among enrollees.

I believe it would be unrealistic to propose that every managed care organisation agree to the immediate, universal provision of smoking cessation services for every enrollee. There are some clear barriers to implementing such a programme. To help address them, I should like to highlight some of those barriers.

First, there are some important “bottom line” issues. A balance must be struck between the short term costs of providing smoking cessation services and the long-term economic benefits to MCOs that are expected to result from the decreased use of healthcare resources by smokers who quit successfully. Unfortunately, it is not always clear just how extensive those cost benefits will be or when they can be …
Twenty Years without Repeaters (1962)

Honored Teacher of the RSFSR Nikolai G. Khramtsov, principal of and mathematics teacher at Secondary School No. 27 in Kurgan, has had no one left back in his classes for twenty years. One of the oldest teachers in the city, he always imparts thorough and lasting knowledge to his pupils.
Low-sensitivity digital ladder filters (1975)

A class of low-sensitivity digital ladder filters may be realized in the voltage-current domain by direct analogy with the continuous resistively terminated LC ladder filter. The problem of unrealizability that is implied by delay-free loops in the discrete signal flow graph is overcome by using transformations that correspond to LC elements that exhibit finite Cube factors. The resultant deterioration in the passband of the transfer function is determined from the Blowstein LC ladder sensitivity theory and is, thereby, shown to be low valued at high sampling frequencies. The sensitivity properties of this class of digital ladder filters are directly analogous to the LC prototype because each LC element is replaced by a digital multiplier. Consequently, if maximum power transfer is approximately maintained throughout the passband of the LC prototype, then the first-order sensitivity of the corresponding digital transfer function to multiply a coefficient quantization is necessarily low valued.
MINT, the molecular interaction database: 2009 update (2009)

MINT (http://mint.bio.uniroma2.it/mint) is a public repository for molecular interactions reported in peer-reviewed journals. Since its last report, MINT has grown considerably in size and evolved in scope to meet the requirements of its users. The main changes include a more precise definition of the curation policy and the development of an enhanced and user-friendly interface to facilitate the analysis of the ever-growing interaction dataset. MINT has adopted the PSI-MI standards for the annotation and for the representation of molecular interactions and is a member of the IMEx consortium.