gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model Selection for Support Vector Machines (1999)

New functionals for parameter (model) selection of Support Vector Machines are introduced based on the concepts of the span of support vectors and rescaling of the feature space. It is shown that using these functionals, one can both predict the best choice of parameters of the model and the relative quality of performance for any value of parameter. 1 Introduction Support Vector Machines (SVMs) implement the following idea : they map input vectors into a high dimensional feature space, where a maximal margin hyperplane is constructed [6]. It was shown that when training data are separable, the error rate for SVMs can be characterized by h = R 2 =M 2 ; (1) where R is the radius of the smallest sphere containing the training data and M is the margin (the distance between the hyperplane and the closest training vector in feature space). This functional estimates the VC dimension of hyperplanes separating data with a given margin M . To perform the mapping and to calculate R a...
Exploiting change blindness to expand walkable space in a virtual environment (2010)

We present a technique for exploiting change blindness to allow the user to walk through an immersive virtual environment that is much larger than the available physical workspace. This approach relies on subtle manipulations to the geometry of a dynamic environment model to redirect the user's walking path without becoming noticeable. We describe a virtual environment which was implemented both as a proof-of-concept and a test case for future evaluation. Anecdotal evidence from our informal tests suggest a compelling illusion, though a formal study against existing methods is required to evaluate the usefulness of this technique.
Raffaele Pettazzoni, L'Onniscienza di Dio. Turin, Edizioni Scientifiche Einaudi, 1955 (1958)

Simon Marcel. Raffaele Pettazzoni, L'Onniscienza di Dio. Turin, Edizioni Scientifiche Einaudi, 1955. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 38e année n°1,1958. pp. 86-88.
Cyclization of Synthetic <i>seco</i>‐Proansamitocins to Ansamitocin Macrolactams by <i>Actinosynnema pretiosum</i> as Biocatalyst (2010)

Ring closure is possible with seco-proansamitocin and two activated SNAC esters, which can be processed to ansamitocin P3 and 19-deschloro-20-demethoxy AP-3, respectively, by an AHBA-blocked mutant of Actinosynnema pretiosum. This work sheds light on the synthetic potential of macrolactamizing amide synthases. The new ansamitocin derivative showed similar to enhanced antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines relative to AP-3. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Chitin or Chitin-Like Glycans as Targets for Late-Term Cancer Chemoprevention (2010)

A consistent observation in studies of carcinogenesis is that some glycans are expressed differently in cancer cells than in normal cells. A well-known example is the aberrant β1-6 N-acetyl-d-glucosamine branching associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in many cancers. This commentary proposes that, although not found in normal mammalian cells, a chitin (β-1,4-linked N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) or a chitin-like polysaccharide (e.g., hyaluronan) may exist as a cancer-associated glycan, which can be targeted by the novel pyrimidine nucleotide derivative SP-1015 (designed as a chitin synthase inhibitor). Preliminary chemoprevention data of our group showed SP-1015 in the diet can inhibit benzo(a)pyrene-induced neoplasia in the forestomach of female A/J mice, and, of importance, this activity occurred at late stages in carcinogenesis. While no effect was seen in the murine lung, this may be due to the low bioavailability of the compound. A different route of administration (e.g. inhalation of an aerosol) may have potential to inhibit pulmonary carcinogenesis. We hypothesize that inhibitors of chitin or chitin-like glycan formation may be effective chemopreventive agents and suggest that further work is needed to study these novel targets for cancer prevention.
Benzalkonium chloride in a decongestant nasal spray aggravates rhinitis medicamentosa in healthy volunteers (1995)

A randomized double-blind parallel study with 20 healthy volunteers was performed to research the effect of a preservative in a decongestant nasal spray on the development of rhinitis medicamentosa. Ten subjects received oxymetazoline nasal spray with benzalkonium chloride and the others used oxymetazoline nasal spray without the preservative three times daily for 30 days. Before starting the course of treatment and after its conclusion, recordings of the mucosal surface positions were made with rhinostereometry followed by histamine challenge tests. Symptoms of nasal stuffiness were estimated on visual analogue scales (0-100) in the morning and the evening just before using the nasal spray. After 30 days, rebound swelling and nasal stuffiness were found in both groups. In the group receiving oxymetazoline nasal spray with benzalkonium chloride the mean rebound swelling was 1.1 mm and the estimated mean evening symptom score for nasal stuffiness was 43. In the group without benzalkonium chloride the corresponding variables were significantly less marked, with a mean rebound swelling of 0.5 mm (P < 0.05) and a mean evening symptom score of 25 (P < 0.05). The increase in histamine sensitivity in both groups was interpreted as a sign of nasal hyperreactivity. A new type of nasal spray bottle was used that has been shown to prevent bacterial contamination. In conclusion, the long-term use of benzalkonium chloride in oxymetazoline nasal spray accentuates the severity of rhinitis medicamentosa in healthy volunteers.
High-resolution 3-D: New focus for an existing tool (1997)

Seismic technology has been a remarkably successful tool in the exploration for oil and gas. While spanning several decades, the use of 3-D seismic is now proving to be possibly the most valuable exploration tool available to most explorationists. However, the use and scope of 3-D seismic has more potential than is often recognized, and in this article the author briefly shows how the technology is being adapted for new objectives.
Minireview: From the Bench, Toward the Clinic: Therapeutic Opportunities for Cannabinoid Receptor Modulation (2015)

The effects of cannabinoids have been known for centuries and over the past several decades two G protein-coupled receptors, CB1 and CB2, that are responsible for their activity have been identified. Endogenous lipid-derived cannabinergic agents have been found, biosynthetic and catabolic machinery has been characterized, and synthetic agents have been designed to modulate these receptors. Selective agents including agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists, and novel allosteric modulators targeting either CB1 or CB2 have been developed to inhibit or augment their basal tone. As a result, the role these receptors play in human physiology and their potential therapeutic applications in disease states are being elucidated. The CB1 receptor, although ubiquitous, is densely expressed in the brain, and CB2 is largely found on cells of immune origin. This minireview highlights the role of CB1 in excitotoxic assaults in the brain and its potential to limit addiction liability. In addition, it will examine the relationship between receptor activity and stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic β-cells, insulin resistance, and feeding behavior leading toward obesity. The roles of CB2 in the neuropathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in the central manifestations of chronic HIV infection potentially converge at inflammatory cell activation, thereby providing an opportunity for intervention. Last, CB2 modulation is discussed in the context of an experimental model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Achieving exquisite receptor selectivity and elucidating the mechanisms underlying receptor inhibition and activation will be essential for the development of the next generation of cannabinergic-based therapeutic agents.
Variable Food-Specific IgG Antibody Levels in Healthy and Symptomatic Chinese Adults (2013)

The levels of food-specific IgGs were variable both in healthy and in symptomatic Chinese adults. These findings raise awareness that demographic factors, the type of food and specific chronic symptoms should be considered before food elimination treatment based on IgG testing in patients with chronic symptoms is used in clinical practice.
TECHNICAL NOTE Improved frequency stability of an external cavity diode laser by eliminating temperature and pressure effects (1996)

The construction of a passively stabilized external cavity diode laser operating at 780 nm is reported. The sensitivity of laser frequency to changes in air pressure was studied and subsequently eliminated. The relative frequency stability obtained was 4 × 10(-9) for an integration time of 4000 s.
The Th17 axis in psoriatic disease: pathogenetic and therapeutic implications (2014)

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis represent two paradigmatic conditions characterized by chronic inflammation and possibly autoimmunity, despite the absence of known serum autoantibodies. The two diseases, albeit strongly correlated from clinical, genetic, and epidemiogical standpoints, manifest significant differences in terms of etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms. Nonetheless, Th17 cells appear crucial to both diseases, and IL23 is the cytokine involved in determining the fate of naive CD4+ cells to differentiate into a pathogenic phenotype. This basic experimental observation led to a clear understanding of the immune dysfunction causing psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis but, more importantly, also led to new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, monoclonal antibodies directed to IL12/IL23 (ustekinumab) or IL17 (secukinumab, ixekizumab, brodalumab) are being investigated or have proven to be beneficial for patients with psoriatic disease, thus further supporting the view that Th17 cells play a pivotal role in disease onset and perpetuation. These most recent reports indeed represent significant developments that may allow overcoming the TNFα pathway as the major therapeutic target in chronic inflammation.
Closely Related Members of the Medicago truncatula PHT1 Phosphate Transporter Gene Family Encode Phosphate Transporters with Distinct Biochemical Activities (2008)

Phosphorus is one of the essential mineral nutrients required by all living cells. Plants assimilate phosphate (Pi) from the soil, and their root systems encounter tremendous variation in Pi concentration, both temporally and spatially. Genome sequence data indicate that plant genomes contain large numbers of genes predicted to encode Pi transporters, the functions of which are largely unexplored. Here we present a comparative analysis of four very closely related Pi transporters of the PHT1 family of Medicago truncatula. Based on their sequence similarity and locations in the genome, these four genes probably arose via recent gene duplication events, and they form a small subfamily within the PHT1 family. The four genes are expressed in roots with partially overlapping but distinct spatial expression patterns, responses to Pi and expression during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. The proteins are located in the plasma membrane. Three members of the subfamily, MtPT1, MtPT2, and MtPT3, show low affinities for Pi. MtPT5 shares 84% amino acid identity with MtPT1, MtPT2, and MtPT3 but shows a high affinity for Pi with an apparent Km in yeast of 13 microm. Sequence comparisons and protein modeling suggest that amino acid residues that differ substantially between MtPT5 and the other three transporters are clustered in two regions of the protein. The data provide the first clues as to amino acid residues that impact transport activity of plant Pi transporter proteins.
Molecular genetic analysis of oligodendroglial tumors shows preferential allelic deletions on 19q and 1p. (1994)

The molecular genetic alterations of oligodendroglial tumors and mixed gliomas of the central nervous system were studied in a series of 37 cases (8 oligodendrogliomas, 13 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 8 oligoastrocytomas, and 8 anaplastic oligoastrocytomas). A total of 180 polymorphic loci and 5 nonpolymorphic gene loci, distributed over all chromosomes, were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Loss of heterozygosity was most frequently observed for loci on 19q with a commonly deleted region at 19q13.2-q13.4 distal to the CYP2a gene and proximal to the D19S22 locus. The incidence of allelic loss on 19q was particularly high (81%) in oligodendroglial tumors and equal to 31% in mixed gliomas. More than 75% of the tumors with allelic deletions on 19q also showed loss of heterozygosity for loci on 1p with one tumor showing only loss of alleles distal to the NGFB gene (1p13-pter). Seven (19%) tumors had lost alleles from 17p with the deleted region including the TP53 tumor suppressor gene in all cases. Sequencing of the TP53 transcripts from exons 2 to 10, however, did not reveal mutations of the remaining allele in any of these tumors. Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas demonstrated an increased incidence of additional allelic losses involving most frequently chromosomes 9p and 10. Gene amplification was detected in two anaplastic tumors, affecting the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in both cases, with additional amplification of the renin gene at 1q32 in one of these cases. In total our results indicate both differences and similarities between the molecular genetic alterations in tumors with oligodendroglial and astrocytic differentiation. The loss of genetic information from 19q and 1p as well as the rarity of TP53 mutations in oligodendroglial tumors suggests that the early events in their oncogenesis are distinct from those associated with astrocytic tumors. However, similarities are indicated by the allelic losses on 9p and 10 in the anaplastic tumors, suggesting the utilization of common pathways of progression.
Rheological behavior of (short) carbon fiber/thermoplastic composites. Part I: The influence of fiber type, processing conditions and level of incorporation (2000)

Abstract The aim of this work is to understand the influence of type of (short) carbon fibers, processing conditions and fiber incorporation level on the rheological behavior of carbon fiber/polypropylene (PP) composites. For this purpose, two types of fibers (sub‐micron Vapor Grown Carbon Fibers, VGCF, and ex‐PAN, PAN), three different extruder screw geometries and three different fiber incorporation contents were studied. The rheological characterization was performed by means of capillary and rotational rheometry, results being presented and discussed in terms of reinforcing capability in both shear (steady and oscillatory) and extensional flows. The results show that VGCF have a generally higher influence on the rheological behavior of the composites than the PAN fibers. However, because of their higher intrinsic rigidity, PAN fibers give rise to composites with better mechanical properties than the VGCF ones. It is also shown that the influence of the screw geometry on fiber damage and, consequently, on the behavior of the composites, is weak, fiber degradation occurring mainly in the compounding stage. The incorporation level has the expected influence, i.e., it produces gradual changes in all the properties considered in this study.
Fan Noise Prediction with Applications to Aircraft System Noise Assessment (2009)

This paper describes an assessment of current fan noise prediction tools by comparing measured and predicted sideline acoustic levels from a benchmark fan noise wind tunnel test. Specifically, an empirical method and newly developed coupled computational approach are utilized to predict aft fan noise for a benchmark test configuration. Comparisons with sideline noise measurements are performed to assess the relative merits of the two approaches. The study identifies issues entailed in coupling the source and propagation codes, as well as provides insight into the capabilities of the tools in predicting the fan noise source and subsequent propagation and radiation. In contrast to the empirical method, the new coupled computational approach provides the ability to investigate acoustic near-field effects. The potential benefits/costs of these new methods are also compared with the existing capabilities in a current aircraft noise system prediction tool. The knowledge gained in this work provides a basis for improved fan source specification in overall aircraft system noise studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Metal Containing Zeolites. Part 1. Basic Sites (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antigen–antibody dissociation in Alzheimer disease: a novel approach to diagnosis (2008)

With the ever-increasing population of aged individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is an urgent need for a sensitive, specific, non-invasive, and diagnostic standard. The majority of efforts have focused on auto-antibodies against amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein, both as a potential treatment, and a reliable biomarker of AD pathology. Naturally occurring antibodies against Abeta are found in the CSF and plasma of patients with AD as well as healthy control subjects. To date, differences between diseased and control subjects have been highly variable. However, some of the antibody will be in preformed antigen-antibody complexes and the extent and nature of such complexes may provide a potential explanation for the variable results reported in human studies. Thus, measuring total amounts of antigen or antibody following unmasking is critical. Here, using a technique for dissociating antibody-antigen complexes, we found significant differences in serum antibodies to Abeta between AD and aged-matched control subjects. While the current study demonstrates the relevance of measuring total antibody, bound and unbound, against Abeta in AD, this technique may be applicable to diseases such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome and hepatitis B where determination of antigen and antibody levels are important for disease diagnosis and assessing disease progression.
Celastrol Suppresses Angiogenesis-Mediated Tumor Growth through Inhibition of AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway (2010)

Understanding the molecular basis and target of traditional medicine is critical for drug development. Celastrol, derived from Trypterygium wilfordii Hook F. ("Thunder of God Vine"), a traditional Chinese medicine plant, has been assigned anticancer activities, but its mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated whether Celastrol could inhibit angiogenesis-mediated tumor growth and, if so, through what mechanism. When given s.c. to mice bearing human prostate cancer (PC-3 cell) xenografts, Celastrol (2 mg/kg/d) significantly reduced the volume and the weight of solid tumors and decreased tumor angiogenesis. We found that this agent inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced proliferation, migration, invasion, and capillary-like structure formation by primary cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Celastrol abrogated VEGF-induced sprouting of the vessels from aortic rings and inhibited vascular formation in the Matrigel plug assay in vivo. To understand the molecular mechanism of these activities, we next examined the signaling pathways in treated HUVECs and PC-3 tumor cells. Celastrol suppressed the VEGF-induced activation of AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70S6K). Additionally, we found that Celastrol inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer cells and induced apoptosis, and these effects correlated with the extent of inhibition of AKT/mTOR/P70S6K signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that Celastrol targets the AKT/mTOR/P70S6K pathway, which leads to suppression of tumor growth and angiogenesis.
Anticomplementary Power of Heparin (1929)

Journal Article Anticomplementary Power of Heparin Get access Enrique E. Ecker, Enrique E. Ecker From the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul Gross Paul Gross From the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 44, Issue 3, March 1929, Pages 250–253, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/44.3.250 Published: 01 March 1929 Article history Received: 15 November 1928 Published: 01 March 1929
Extracellular matrix (ECM) circulating peptide biomarkers as potential predictors of survival in patients (pts) with untreated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDA) receiving pegvorhyaluronidase alfa (PEGPH20), nab-paclitaxel (A), and gemcitabine (G). (2018)

12030 Background: Hyaluronan (HA) and collagens are major constituents of the ECM. HA accumulation in the tumor microenvironment may result in elevated interstitial fluid pressure, vascular compression, and reduced drug delivery and immune cell access. PEGPH20 degrades HA, increasing tumoral access for therapeutics and immune cells. Liquid biopsies reflecting ECM remodeling may provide a non-invasive approach to identify pts most likely to benefit from PEGPH20 therapy. Methods: Peptide markers of ECM remodeling (C3M, PRO-C3, PRO-C6, and VCANM) were measured using baseline plasma samples from Stage 1 (n=94) and Stage 2 (n=95) of HALO-109-202 (NCT01453153), a Phase 2, open-label, randomized study of PEGPH20 + A + G (PAG) vs AG in previously untreated pts with Stage IV PDAC. Univariate and ratio analyses were conducted to correlate biomarker levels with survival outcomes (PFS, OS). Results: The ratio of C3M (MMP degradation fragment of type-III collagen) vs PRO-C3 (N-terminal pro-peptide of type-III collagen) predicted for PFS benefit in PEGPH20-treated pts in Stage 1. The predictive value of this ratio for PFS and OS of PEGPH20-treated pts was further validated in Stage 2. Conclusions: This supports development of a liquid biopsy-based companion diagnostic for selecting pts that may benefit from PEGPH20. Biomarker levels and survival outcome. Measurement cut-off PFS Median (mths) Log-rank, P HR (95% CI) AG PAG Stage 1 (Discovery cohort) C3M/PRO-C3 ratio (0.550, 50th percentile) Ratio-high pts (≥0.550) 5.3 8.0 0.026 0.40 (0.17–0.92) Ratio-low pts (<0.550) 5.2 3.0 0.810 1.09 (0.55–2.18) Measurement cut-off PFS OS Median (mths) Log-rank, P HR(95% CI) Median (mths) Log-rank, P HR(95% CI) AG PAG AG PAG Stage 2 (Validation Cohort) C3M/PRO-C3 ratio (0.550, stage-1 cut-off) Ratio-high pts (≥0.550) 3.4 8.8 0.039 0.46 (0.21–0.99) 8.5 13.8 0.006 0.35 (0.16–0.77) Ratio-low pts (<0.550) 5.8 5.3 0.560 1.30 (0.54–3.16) 9.0 7.9 0.523 0.80 (0.41–1.57)
User's Guide to Telework and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Security (2016)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure.ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology.ITL's responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical