gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Infant Food Formulation (2007)

ABSTRACT: Milk is a biological fluid of exceptional complexity. It contains the nutrients for the growth and development of the newborn. The compositional structure of milk is, however, dependent on the species and tailored to sustain growth and development of its own offspring. Human milk contains specific proteins, lipids, and other components designed to be easily digestible and which have important roles to play in child development. Human infants should ideally be nursed on mother's milk, which constitutes nature's best food. However, in the event of lactation failure, insufficient milk secretion, and where mothers are suffering from transmittable diseases, human milk substitutes serve as savers of precious life during vulnerable stages of infancy. Bovine milk as such or with certain modifications has been widely used for infant feeding. There has been an ever‐increasing reliance on formula feeding practices both in developed and developing countries. Bovine milk based dried formulations have become a prominent feature of infantile dietetics. Emphasis has been laid on the manufacture of formulations having compositional and biochemical characteristics similar to human milk. The technological advancement for the production of infant formula has come a long way in the manufacture of a variety of infant formulae for the dietary management of infants. This is a comprehensive review providing insight on the detailed compositional differences of various nutrients present in human milk as compared to bovine milk, their makeup, significance, and recommended levels of intake that are best suited for the growth and development of infants fed on modified/prepared infant formulations.
New Approaches to Understanding the Etiology and Treatment of Total Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Cholestasis (1999)

Total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (TPN-AC) may be a fatal disease. The only known effective treatment is to discontinue TPN and institute full enteral feedings. However, this is not possible for many patients with severe gastrointestinal failure. Current research supports two theories regarding the etiology of TPN-AC. One proposes that the enteral fast disrupts the enterohepatic circulation. Cholestasis, in this hypothesis, results from a combination of altered gut hormone production and endotoxins produced by bacterial translocation. The second theory implicates the direct toxicity of TPN solution. Amino acid solutions and plant sterols in intralipid have generated much interest. Ursodeoxycholic acid and S-adenosyl-L-methionine are promising treatments for TPN-AC. They have been proven to be effective in animals and adult liver diseases. Cholecystokinin also has been investigated as a possible prophylactic agent. However, results from these experiments do not conclusively show a beneficial effect.
sed and awk (1990)

From the Publisher:
The book begins with an overview and a tutorial that demonstrate a progression in functionality from grep to sed to awk. sed and awk share a similar command-line syntax, accepting user instructions in the form of a script. Because all three programs use UNIX regular expressions, an entire chapter is devoted to understanding UNIX regular expression syntax. Next, the book describes how to write sed scripts. After getting started by writing a few simple scripts, you'll learn other basic commands that parallel manual editing actions, as well as advanced commands that introduce simple programming constructs. Among the advanced commands are those that manipulate the hold space, a set-aside temporary buffer. The second part of the book has been extensively revised to include POSIX awk as well as coverage of three freely available and three commercial versions of awk. The book introduces the primary features of the awk language and how to write simple scripts. You'll also learn: common programming constructs; how to use awk's built-in functions; how to write user-defined functions; debugging techniques for awk programs; how to develop an application that processes an index, demonstrating much of the power of awk; and FTP and contact information for obtaining various versions of awk. Also included is a miscellany of user-contributed scripts that demonstrate a wide range of sed and awk scripting styles and techniques.
Lung Basal Stem Cells Rapidly Repair DNA Damage Using the Error-Prone Nonhomologous End-Joining Pathway (2017)

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), the second most common subtype of lung cancer, is strongly associated with tobacco smoking and exhibits genomic instability. The cellular origins and molecular processes that contribute to SqCC formation are largely unexplored. Here we show that human basal stem cells (BSCs) isolated from heavy smokers proliferate extensively, whereas their alveolar progenitor cell counterparts have limited colony-forming capacity. We demonstrate that this difference arises in part because of the ability of BSCs to repair their DNA more efficiently than alveolar cells following ionizing radiation or chemical-induced DNA damage. Analysis of mice harbouring a mutation in the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a key enzyme in DNA damage repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), indicated that BSCs preferentially repair their DNA by this error-prone process. Interestingly, polyploidy, a phenomenon associated with genetically unstable cells, was only observed in the human BSC subset. Expression signature analysis indicated that BSCs are the likely cells of origin of human SqCC and that high levels of NHEJ genes in SqCC are correlated with increasing genomic instability. Hence, our results favour a model in which heavy smoking promotes proliferation of BSCs, and their predilection for error-prone NHEJ could lead to the high mutagenic burden that culminates in SqCC. Targeting DNA repair processes may therefore have a role in the prevention and therapy of SqCC.
Human Eye Tracking and Related Issues: A Review (2012)

Abstract- Eye tracking refers to the process of tracking the movement of the eye and determining where the user is looking. The aim of this paper is to present a review on various techniques used for eye tracking. There are a number of principles used in measuring eye movements, including measurements of electric and photoelectric signals, tracking a number of visual features in the image of the eye, measuring relative reflection of infra-red (IR) light, and using either mechanical or optical levers or a magnetic field. This paper also includes the factors involved in the selection of a particular eye tracking method. Finally, it includes a light on some of the applications of the eye tracking technique.
Disordered speech recognition using acoustic and sEMG signals (2009)

Parallel isolated word corpora were collected from healthy speakers and individuals with speech impairment due to stroke or cerebral palsy. Surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals were collected for both vocalized and mouthed speech production modes. Pioneering work on disordered speech recognition using the acoustic signal, the sEMG signals, and their fusion are reported. Results indicate that speakerdependent isolated-word recognition from the sEMG signals of articulator muscle groups during vocalized disorderedspeech production was highly effective. However, word recognition accuracy for mouthed speech was much lower, likely related to the fact that some disordered speakers had considerable difficulty producing consistent mouthed speech. Further development of the sEMG-based speech recognition systems is needed to increase usability and robustness.
Laser-induced ultrafast spin dynamics in ErFeO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2011)

Using 100-fs optical laser pulses, we have been able to excite and probe spin dynamics in the rare-earth orthoferrite ${\mathrm{ErFeO}}_{3}$. The investigation was performed in a broad temperature range with the focus on the vicinities of the compensation point ${T}_{\mathrm{comp}}\ensuremath{\approx}47\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and the spin reorientation transition region in the interval $86\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}\ensuremath{\lesssim}T\ensuremath{\lesssim}99\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Spin precession excited by the laser pulse was present in a large part of the investigated temperature range, but was especially strong near the spin reorientation region. In this region the laser pulse also caused an ultrafast spin reorientation. By changing the laser pulse fluence, we could vary both the reorientation amplitude and the reorientation speed. We show that the laser-induced spin dynamics in ${\mathrm{ErFeO}}_{3}$ is caused in part by heating and in part by the inverse Faraday effect. Comparing to the results of similar experiments in other rare-earth orthoferrites, we found the speed of the laser-induced spin reorientation to be significantly lower. We attribute this finding to the weaker electron-phonon coupling of the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ 4f electrons with the lattice.
Nanostructure formation during ion-assisted growth of GaN by molecular beam epitaxy (2005)

Ion-beam-assisted molecular beam epitaxy was used to grow GaN on sapphire by reacting Ga from an effusion cell with ammonia. With the ion beam at low glancing angle and energy between 60–500eV, periodic, nanoscale ripple and dots were observed both with and without growth. By changing the growth parameters, the dimensions could be tuned from 40to800nm. The ripple wavelength was analyzed in terms of continuum models. However, the time constant for pattern formation was several orders of magnitude less than that predicted by linear or nonlinear theories. The mobile adatom concentration was calculated and found to be quantitatively reasonable, increasing with increasing net growth rate. The ripple wavelength was observed to be well developed for nitrogen ion beams, but not with Ar ions within our energy and flux range. Adding growth reduced the measured wavelength rather than increasing it.
High quality MPACVD diamond single crystal growth: high microwave power density regime (2007)

International audience
Investigation of EPR in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Te by microwave Faraday effect (1985)

We have studied EPR in the diluted magnetic semiconductor ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{x}}$Te over the entire range of manganese concentrations available for this material (i.e., 0<x<0.7). By measuring the Faraday rotation and ellipticity associated with the resonance, we obtain the dynamic magnetic susceptibility even under conditions when the EPR lines are extremely broad, from which we can extract values of the dc magnetic susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}$, the relaxation time \ensuremath{\tau}, and the g factor. Our results, which agree with earlier work in the case of low manganese concentrations, extend these earlier studies to considerably higher values of x and to considerably lower temperatures. For values of x\ensuremath{\le}0.4, the results can be represented by the Bloch model modified for broad resonance lines at all temperatures. For the highest concentrations, however, the Bloch model fails to explain the EPR behavior observed at low temperatures. The Faraday-effect technique for measuring broad resonance lines allowed us, for the first time, to study EPR in ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{x}}$Te when it is in the spin-glass phase. We observe no obvious anomalies in either \ensuremath{\tau}, g, or ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}$ as the transition from the paramagnetic to the spin-glass phase occurs.
Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte receptor(s) for CD36 and thrombospondin are restricted to knobs on the erythrocyte surface. (1992)

Adherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected RBCs (PRBC) to endothelial cells causes PRBC sequestration in cerebral microvessels and is considered to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Both CD36 and thrombospondin (TSP) are glycoproteins that mediate PRBC adherence to endothelial cells in vitro. Because they are both expressed on the surface of endothelial cells, they probably contribute to PRBC sequestration and vascular occlusion in vivo. By applying affinity labeling of receptor binding sites with purified ligands, we showed for the first time that both CD36 and TSP can bind independently to the PRBC surface and that the PRBC receptor(s) for CD36 and TSP are localized specifically to the electron-dense knob protrusions of the PRBC surface. These findings may help in efforts to develop a malaria vaccine to prevent cerebral malaria.
Medium-dependent inhibition of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius by sodium polyanetholsulfonate in blood culture media (1976)

Of 13 species of anaerobic cocci, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was the only species tested that was sensitive to 0.1% sodium polyanetholsulfonate (SPS). However, the sensitivity of P. anaerobius to SPS varied according to the media in which the cultures were grown. In supplemented peptone (B-D) and brain heart infusion media, most strain of P. anaerobius were not inhibited by SPS. Gelatin and proteose peptone were the medium components which were protective. The minimal inhibitory concentration of SPS for P. anaerobius was approximately 60-fold higher in media. However, the concentration of SPS required to neutralize the bactericidal properties of human serum was only four fold higher in media containing geltain. In a commerical medium containing SPS (0.03%) and gelatin (1.2%), SPS-sensitive strains of P. anaerobius were not inhibited by SPS, and the bactericdal action of human blood on Escherichia coli C and Serratia marcescens SM 29 was eliminated.
Optimal dosing regimen of nitric oxide donor compounds for the reduction of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>biofilm and isolates from wastewater membranes (2013)

Membrane fouling by bacterial biofilms remains a key challenge for membrane-based water purification systems. Here, the optimal biofilm dispersal potential of three nitric oxide (NO) donor compounds, viz. sodium nitroprusside, 6-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazino)-N-methyl-1-hexanamine (MAHMA NONOate) and 1-(hydroxy-NNO-azoxy)-L-proline, disodium salt, was investigated using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as a model organism. Dispersal was quantitatively assessed by confocal microscopy [bacterial cells and the components of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (polysaccharides and extracellular DNA)] and colony-forming unit counts. The three NO donor compounds had different optimal exposure times and concentrations, with MAHMA NONOate being the optimal NO donor compound. Biofilm dispersal correlated with a reduction in both bacterial cells and EPS. MAHMA NONOate also reduced single species biofilms formed by bacteria isolated from industrial membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis membranes, as well as in isolates combined to generate mixed species biofilms. The data present strong evidence for the application of these NO donor compounds for prevention of biofouling in an industrial setting.
Improving Outcome after Stroke: Overcoming the Translational Roadblock (2008)

Stroke poses a massive burden of disease, yet we have few effective therapies. The paucity of therapeutic options stands contrary to intensive research efforts. The failure of these past investments demands a thorough re-examination of the pathophysiology of ischaemic brain injury. Several critical areas hold the key to overcoming the translational roadblock: (1) vascular occlusion: current recanalization strategies have limited effectiveness and may have serious side effects; (2) complexity of stroke pathobiology: therapy must acknowledge the 'Janus-faced' nature of many stroke targets and must identify endogenous neuroprotective and repair mechanisms; (3) inflammation and brain-immune-system interaction: inflammation contributes to lesion expansion, but is also instrumental in lesion containment and repair; stroke outcome is modulated by the interaction of the injured brain with the immune system; (4) regeneration: the potential of the brain for reorganization, plasticity and repair after injury is much greater than previously thought; (5) confounding factors, long-term outcome and predictive modelling. These 5 areas are linked on all levels and therefore need to be tackled by an integrative approach and innovative therapeutic strategies.
Capillary Viscometer for High-Temperature Measurements of Polymer Solutions (1958)

An all-glass capillary viscometer is described which permits dissolving polymers at high temperatures, filtering, and measuring the solvent and solution efflux flow times without removal from a vapor bath. The advantages include safe handling of liquids at high temperatures without the precipitation or oxidative-degradation difficulties normally encountered in other methods of measuring polymer solution viscosities at elevated temperatures.
PEN: THE NEW POLYESTER (1997)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPEN: THE NEW POLYESTERThe future is bright for polyethylene naphthalate if a few hurdles can be clearedPAIGE MARIE MORSEView Author Information C&EN HoustonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1997, 75, 45, 8–9Publication Date (Print):November 10, 1997Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 10 November 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n045.p008Copyright © 1997 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (375 KB) SUBJECTS:Amorphous materials,Beverages,Organic polymers,Polyethylene Get e-Alerts
Overlapped List Successive Cancellation Approach for Hardware Efficient Polar Code Decoder (2015)

This paper presents an efficient hardware design approach for list successive cancellation (LSC) decoding of polar codes. By applying path-overlapping scheme, the l instances of (l > 1) successive cancellation (SC) decoder for LSC with list size l can be cut down to only one. This results in a dramatic reduction of the hardware complexity without any decoding performance loss. We also develop novel approaches to reduce the latencyassociated with the pipeline scheme. Simulation results show that with proposed design approach the hardware efficiency is increased significantly over the recently proposed LSC decoders.
Energy Relay Systems for Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Devices: Influence of Formation of Exciplex as Revealed by Photoexcitation (2001)

Abstract We investigated potential of performance enhancement for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by an energy relay system through exciplex formed between a hole transport material (HTM) and an electron transport material (ETM) as revealed by photoexcitation. An enhancement of a dopant (Coumarin 6) emission occurred depending on combination of HTM and ETM, and the dependency can be explained by an overlap integral between an exciplex emission and an absorption of Coumarin 6 as a dopant. Possibility of performance enhancement by the energy relay system was suggested experimentally.
Suppressed Blinking and Auger Recombination in Near-Infrared Type-II InP/CdS Nanocrystal Quantum Dots (2012)

Nonblinking excitonic emission from near-infrared and type-II nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) is reported for the first time. To realize this unusual degree of stability at the single-dot level, novel InP/CdS core/shell NQDs were synthesized for a range of shell thicknesses (~1-11 monolayers of CdS). Ensemble spectroscopy measurements (photoluminescence peak position and radiative lifetimes) and electronic structure calculations established the transition from type-I to type-II band alignment in these heterostructured NQDs. More significantly, single-NQD studies revealed clear evidence for blinking suppression that was not strongly shell-thickness dependent, while photobleaching and biexciton lifetimes trended explicitly with extent of shelling. Specifically, very long biexciton lifetimes-up to >7 ns-were obtained for the thickest-shell structures, indicating dramatic suppression of nonradiative Auger recombination. This new system demonstrates that electronic structure and shell thickness can be employed together to effect control over key single-dot and ensemble NQD photophysical properties.
Dewatering of Mineral Waste Using the Flocculant Polyethylene Oxide (1985)

From Abstract: This bulletin summarizes the results of Bureau of Mines investigations of a technique for dewatering clay waste that consists of flocculation with polyethylene oxide (PEO)followed by screening of the resulting flocs. Results of the laboratory tests and small and large scale field tests are described.
Electrostatic actuation of telescoping carbon nanotubes inside TEM (2005)

Electrostatic actuation of telescoping multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) is directly observed inside transmission electron microscope (TEM). The telescoping MWNT is fabricated by peeling off outer layers through destructive fabrication process. Its inner core is extended by applied DC bias voltage. These processes have been done through hybrid nanorobotic manipulation system, which is integrated nanomanipulators inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a TEM. From experimental results, the inner core is extended on increasing the applied voltage; the maximum extended length is /spl sim/179 nm by /spl sim/65 V. On decreasing the applied voltage, the inner core is not fully retracted; it has /spl sim/105 nm hysteresis. These results show the possibility of nano-scale actuator applications using telescoping MWCNT with precision.