gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light‐Induced Content Release from Plasmon‐Resonant Liposomes (2009)

Thermosenstive liposomes coated with gold form plasmon-resonant shells with optical resonances tunable in the near-infrared range. When exposed to laser light, these liposomes release their content in a spectrally-dependent manner. Spectrally addressable release may find applications in the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents, or more broadly, in developing a technological basis of nanomedicine. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Novel Polymer−DNA Hybrid Polymeric Micelles Composed of Hydrophobic Poly(<scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>-lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic Acid) and Hydrophilic Oligonucleotides (2001)

Biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was chemically conjugated to oligonucleotide (ODN) to form an amphiphatic structure which is similar to an A-B type block copolymer. A terminal end of PLGA was activated and reacted with primary amine-terminated ODN. The ODN/PLGA conjugates self-assembled in aqueous solution to form a micellar structure by serving PLGA segments as a hydrophobic core and ODN segments as a surrounding hydrophilic corona. Critical micelle concentration was determined by a spectroflurometric method. Atomic force microscopic observation revealed that the micelle size was around 80 nm. These micelles could release ODN in a sustained manner by controlled degradation of hydrophobic PLGA chains. Compared to unconjugated ODN, the ODN/PLGA micelles could be more efficiently transported within cells, presumably by endocytosis. This study proposes a potential delivery method of ODN into cells by forming hybrid ODN/PLGA micelles.
Isolation, structure determination and biological activities of a novel antifungal antibiotic, S-632-C, closely related to glutarimide antibiotics. (1993)

A new antifungal antibiotic, S-632-C, was extracted with ethyl acetate from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces hygroscopicus S-632 and isolated through a combination of column and preparative thin-layer chromatographies on silica gel. The structure of S-632-C was determined by analysis of 1H and 13C-NMR, MS, UV and IR spectra in comparison with those of S-632-A2 (9-methylstreptimidone). The signals were assigned on the basis of 2D NMR experiments, which involved 1H-1H DQF COSY, HMQC and HMBC spectral analysis. From these results, the chemical structure of S-632-C was elucidated as 6-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4,6-octadienyl)-4-carbamoylmethyl-3,4, 5,6-tetrahydro-2- pyrone. The antibiotic exhibited exclusively weak in vitro antifungal activity against Saccharomyces spp. and similar cytotoxic activity against KB carcinoma cells, as compared with the glutarimide antibiotic S-632-A2. In addition, this antibiotic had the ability to change the morphology of ras(ts)-transformed NRK cells to that of normal cells, also a characteristic S-632-A2 and B1.
A new method for liposome preparation using a membrane contactor (2010)

In this article, we present a novel, scalable liposomal preparation technique suitable for the entrapment of pharmaceutical agents into liposomes. This new method is based on the ethanol-injection technique and uses a membrane contactor module, specifically designed for colloidal system preparation. In order to investigate the process, the influence of key parameters on liposome characteristics was studied. It has been established that vesicle-size distribution decreased with a decrease of the organic-phase pressure, an increase of the aqueous-phase flow rate, and a decrease of the phospholipid concentration. Additionally, special attention was paid on reproducibility and long-term stability of lipid vesicles, confirming the robustness of the membrane contactor-based technique. On the other hand, drug-loaded liposomes were prepared and filled with two hydrophobic drug models. High entrapment-efficiency values were successfully achieved for indomethacin (63%) and beclomethasone dipropionate (98%). Transmission electron microscopy images revealed nanometric quasispherical-shaped multilamellar vesicles (size ranging from 50 to 160 nm).
Ad framing effects for consumption products: An affect priming process (2007)

Abstract This research examines why positively framed messages work more effectively than negatively framed messages in product advertising by establishing an affect priming process model. Findings from Experiment 1 showed that positively framed ad messages evoked higher levels of positive affect and lower levels of negative affect than did negatively framed ad messages. Accordingly, positively framed ad messages generated more favorable ratings on ad believability, ad liking, and brand attitudes. Most importantly, this research demonstrated the process by which frame‐evoked affect exerted influence on brand attitudes via its impacts on priming affect‐congruent cognitive responses. Experiment 1 also found that positively framed ads encouraged participants to be attentive to and elaborate on messages more so than negatively framed ads. Findings from Experiment 2 further showed that ad framing effects were moderated by the type of product attributes being featured. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Telegraph Transmission Testing Machine (1931)

In the study of telegraph transmission efficiencies and the analysis of signal distortions a suitable signal recording device is a first requisite. This paper describes a machine developed for the purpose. This machine furnishes a graphical and permanent record of the received signals and shows their relation to sent signals, in a form which is most convenient for comparison and analysis. The unusual arrangement of the recorder is such as to adapt it especially to the study of both characteristic and fortuitous distortions and, in general, to the comparison and absolute measurement of short time intervals. Time intervals of one ten-thousandth of a second in the opening and closing of electrical circuits are graphically recorded without resort to photographic means.
In Vitro Biofilm Formation of Commensal and Pathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>Strains: Impact of Environmental and Genetic Factors (2006)

Our understanding of Escherichia coli biofilm formation in vitro is based on studies of laboratory K-12 strains grown in standard media. However, pathogenic E. coli isolates differ substantially in their genetic repertoire from E. coli K-12 and are subject to heterogeneous environmental conditions. In this study, in vitro biofilm formation of 331 nondomesticated E. coli strains isolated from healthy (n = 105) and diarrhea-afflicted children (n = 68), bacteremia patients (n = 90), and male patients with urinary tract infections (n = 68) was monitored using a variety of growth conditions and compared to in vitro biofilm formation of prototypic pathogenic and laboratory strains. Our results revealed remarkable variation among the capacities of diverse E. coli isolates to form biofilms in vitro. Notably, we could not identify an association of increased biofilm formation in vitro with a specific strain collection that represented pathogenic E. coli strains. Instead, analysis of biofilm data revealed a significant dependence on growth medium composition (P < 0.05). Poor correlation between biofilm formation in the various media suggests that diverse E. coli isolates respond very differently to changing environmental conditions. The data demonstrate that prevalence and expression of three factors known to strongly promote biofilm formation in E. coli K-12 (F-like conjugative pili, aggregative adherence fimbriae, and curli) cannot adequately account for the increased biofilm formation of nondomesticated E. coli isolates in vitro. This study highlights the complexity of genetic and environmental effectors of the biofilm phenotype within the species E. coli.
Elements of geometry (1896)

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.
A Fluxgate Magnetometer for the Applications Technology Satellite (1966)

A satellite-borne magnetometer used to detect magnetohydrodynamic wave propagation within the magnetosphere is introduced. The instrument is a biaxial, closed-loop, fluxgate magnetometer. The unit consists of the basic magnetometer plus additional sections, including a data processor, a field nulling section, and sensitivity selection logic. The basic magnetometer is discussed briefly, the additional sections in greater detail. It is shown that the use of sum and difference amplifiers in the data processor enable the derivation of magnetic field vectors transverse and parallel to the spacecraft spin axis. The field nulling section involves the use of an offset-field-generator to apply discrete current steps to the sensor offset winding in order to null the ambient sensor field. The use of three sensitivity levels is shown to maintain the analog output within the dynamic range of the instrument. An in-flight calibration section is discussed and referenced to instrument stability and sensitivity. A brief discussion of the ATS satellite mentions the advantages of its orbit, which is favorable for the study of long-term magnetic field variations and for correlation with plasma and particle experiments also onboard.
The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network (1999)

Broadcasting is a common operation in a network to resolve many issues. In a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in particular, due to host mobility, such operations are expected to be executed more frequently (such as finding a route to a particular host, paging a particular host, and sending an alarm signal). Because radio signals are likely to overlap with others in a geographical area, a straightforward broadcasting by flooding is usually very costly and will result in serious redundancy, contention, and collision, to which we refer as the broadcast storm problem. In this paper, we identify this problem by showing how serious it is through analyses and simulations. We propose several schemes to reduce redundant rebroadcasts and differentiate timing of rebroadcasts to alleviate this problem. Simulation results are presented, which show different levels of improvement over the basic flooding approach.
Nonaqueous Quaternary Ammonium Titrants. Preparation by the Potassium Hydroxide Method (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonaqueous Quaternary Ammonium Titrants. Preparation by the Potassium Hydroxide MethodG. A. Harlow and G. E. A. WyldCite this: Anal. Chem. 1962, 34, 1, 172–173Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60181a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60181a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Whole body elemental and proximate composition of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) during the life cycle (1994)

Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) raised under production conditions were sampled periodically during their life cycle, in fresh and salt water, to determine their proximate and elemental composition. The parameters changed in relation to life cycle stage and fish size, and were influenced by whether the fish were in salt or freshwater. Measurements presented can be used to assist in the formulation of feeds, and to determine the health and nutritional status of commercially reared Atlantic salmon.
Contributions of Online Visual Feedback to the Learning and Generalization of Novel Finger Coordination Patterns (2008)

We explored how people learn new ways to move objects through space using neuromuscular control signals having more degrees of freedom than needed to unambiguously specify object location. Subjects wore an instrumented glove that recorded finger motions. A linear transformation matrix projected joint angle signals (a high-dimensional control vector) onto a two-dimensional cursor position on a video monitor. We assessed how visual information influences learning and generalization of novel finger coordination patterns as subjects practiced using hand gestures to manipulate cursor location. Three groups of test subjects practiced moving a visible cursor between different sets of screen targets. The hand-to-screen transformation was designed such that the different sets of targets (which we called implicit spatial cues) varied in how informative they were about the gestures to be learned. A separate control group practiced gesturing with explicit cues (pictures of desired gestures) without ongoing cursor feedback. Another control group received implicit spatial cueing and feedback only of final cursor position. We found that test subjects and subjects provided with explicit cues could learn to produce desired gestures, although training efficacy decreased as the amount of task-relevant feedback decreased. Although both control groups learned to associate screen targets with specific gestures, only subjects provided with online feedback of cursor motion learned to generalize in a manner consistent with the internal representation of an inverse hand-to-screen mapping. These findings suggest that spatial learning and generalization require dynamic feedback of object motion in response to control signal changes; static information regarding geometric relationships between controller and endpoint configurations does not suffice.
SU‐C‐211‐01: First Results from a Preclinical X‐Ray Phase‐Contrast CT Scanner (2011)

Purpose: One of the main limitations of absorption‐based x‐ray imaging of biomedical specimen is the weak soft‐tissue contrast. This limitation can be addressed by phase‐sensitive imaging methods facilitating considerably improved density resolution. During the last decades various approaches have been investigated ‐ amongst them grating‐based interferometric methods with laboratory x‐ray sources. As a first step towards clinical applications, we have developed a grating‐based compact preclinical phase‐contrast CT scanner, from which we present the first commissioning results. Methods: The grating interferometer translates a small local refraction signal of x‐rays in the sample to intensity modulations that can be detected with a conventional x‐ray detector. Using a generalized filtered backprojection based reconstruction algorithm to account for the cone‐beam geometry, phase‐sensitive tomographic imaging of whole rodents is possible. A first phantom study was performed to investigate the performance, quantitativeness and accuracy of phase‐contrast and absorption‐based computed tomography scans. These scans yield the three‐dimensional distribution of attenuation coefficient mu and refractive index decrement delta of the different liquids contained in the phantom. Further performance experiments were conducted to assess the rotation stability and to optimize the phase‐contrast acquisition protocol of the compact gantry system. Results: The experimental phantom data for mu and delta match accurately with tabulated data, and demonstrate that the compact gantry performs well in both absorption and phase contrast. In addition, first imaging results from small‐animal models will be presented. Conclusions: We show results of the first implementation of phase‐contrast imaging into a compact, rotating x‐ray CT gantry system. We believe that this work represents an important milestone in translating phase‐contrast from bench to bedside.
Television camera for fast-scan data acquisition (1982)

A fast-scan television camera is described that was designed specifically for closed-circuit data-acquisition applications. The camera is capable of field durations as low as 2.8 ms. The line and field rates are quasicontinuously adjustable. The number of lines, the integration duty cycle, and the scan direction are among the other adjustable parameters. Typical resolution at the fastest scan rate is ≳500 TV lines per picture height with a corresponding dynamic range (to light input) of more than 100. The camera uses the unique properties of FPS vidicons and specially designed electronics to achieve its performance level and versatility.
Current mode building and blocks and their application in ADC (2002)

This paper can be divided into two parts. The first part involves the design of current mode building blocks such as current mirrors, comparators, amplifiers. A new improved n-type current mirror based on regulated cascode circuit configuration is presented. The second part involved the design of one bit, two bit and eight bit current mode ADCs. The simulations were done using 0.8 micron BiCMOS technology from CMC.
Groups Involving a Small Number of Sets of Conjugate Operators (1944)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Silicon Interposer Based QSFP-DD Transceiver Demonstrator with >10 Gbps/mm<sup>2</sup>Bandwidth Density (2018)

Through a single optical interface, a 250 μm pitch two-dimensional 2×8-channel optical transceiver is integrated on a lithographically patterned silicon interposer, offering 200 Gb/s data input and output duplex within an area of 6 mm×6 mm.
Messenger RNA Expression Ratios among Four Genes Predict Subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Distinguish Oncocytoma from Carcinoma (2005)

RNA expression ratios based on the four-gene panel can accurately classify subtypes of RCC as well as help distinguish some oncocytomas from chromophobe RCC.
Percepções de Professores Acerca da Inclusão de Alunos com NEE em Aulas de Matemática em Braga (Portugal) e no Distrito Federal (Brasil) (2014)

O presente estudo teve como objetivos investigar como professores que ensinam Matematica, que atuam na Educacao Basica na regiao do Minho, Portugal, e no Distrito Federal, Brasil, percebem o aluno com NEE em sua sala de aula e na escola e, ainda, verificar que percentual desses profissionais teve alguma formacao pedagogica ou continuada para atuar com alunos com NEE. Foram realizadas entrevistas com questoes que abordavam a atuacao pedagogica dos docentes em relacao aos alunos com NEE presentes em suas classes. Os resultados preliminares apontam semelhancas entre os dados obtidos dos professores do Brasil e de Portugal: que os participantes conseguem caracterizar o tipo de NEE de seus alunos, contudo alguns nao sabem identificar a deficiencia de um aluno que nao conhecam; alguns acham benefica a inclusao do aluno com NEE em classes regulares, enquanto outros se sentem pouco a vontade com a presenca desses alunos em suas classes.
Optimal Placement Algorithms for Virtual Machines (2010)

Cloud computing provides a computing platform for the users to meet their demands in an efficient, cost-effective way. Virtualization technologies are used in the clouds to aid the efficient usage of hardware. Virtual machines (VMs) are utilized to satisfy the user needs and are placed on physical machines (PMs) of the cloud for effective usage of hardware resources and electricity in the cloud. Optimizing the number of PMs used helps in cutting down the power consumption by a substantial amount. In this paper, we present an optimal technique to map virtual machines to physical machines (nodes) such that the number of required nodes is minimized. We provide two approaches based on linear programming and quadratic programming techniques that significantly improve over the existing theoretical bounds and efficiently solve the problem of virtual machine (VM) placement in data centers.
Towards high concentration enhancement of microfluidic temperature gradient focusing of sample solutes using combined AC and DC field induced Joule heating (2011)

It is challenging to continuously concentrate sample solutes in microfluidic channels. We present an improved electrokinetic technique for enhancing microfluidic temperature gradient focusing (TGF) of sample solutes using combined AC and DC field induced Joule heating effects. The introduction of an AC electric field component services dual functions: one is to produce Joule heat for generating temperature gradient; the other is to suppress electroosmotic flow. Consequently the required DC voltages for achieving sample concentration by Joule heating induced TGF are reduced, thereby leading to smaller electroosmotic flow (EOF) and thus backpressure effects. As a demonstration, the proposed technique can lead to concentration enhancement of sample solutes of more than 2500-fold, which is much higher than the existing literature reported microfluidic concentration enhancement by utilizing the Joule heating induced TGF technique.
A 2D-Motion Platform: The Cybercarpet (2007)

This paper presents the cybercarpet, an advanced model of a 2D locomotion interface with high velocities and high accuracy. The cybercarpet consists of an array of balls which are actuated by a belt mounted on a turntable. The goal is to keep the walker in the center of the platform while he performs arbitrary motions in the virtual environment. The current approach is based on mechanical principles and components which could also be used for a big scale platform. Moreover the findings presented in this work are judged with respect to up scalability
A new structure for high-power TW-SLA (Travelling wave semiconductor laser amplifier) (1991)

A structure utilizing an exponential tapered active layer to improve the saturation output power and quantum efficiency of a traveling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier is discussed. Both the spatial distributions of the carrier density and the optical field are considered in the analysis. It is shown that an optimum taper geometry for maximizing the efficiency exists and that this structure provides simultaneous improvement in the saturation output power (7 dB) and the quantum efficiency (1.5 times) compared to a conventional device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic Measurement of Accommodation and Pupil Size Using the Portable Grand Seiko FR-5000 Autorefractor (2006)

The small size of the instrument together with its resolution and temporal properties and ability to measure through a 2 mm pupil make it useful for the measurement of dynamic accommodation and pupil responses in confined environments, although good eye alignment is important.