gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetrachloroisoindolines and Related Systems. Alkylation Reactions and Inductive Effects<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetrachloroisoindolines and Related Systems. Alkylation Reactions and Inductive Effects1William E. Rosen, Virginia P. Toohey, and Anthony C. ShabicaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 12, 3167–3174Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01569a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01569a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Digital holographic particle volume reconstruction using a deep neural network (2019)

This paper proposes a particle volume reconstruction directly from an in-line hologram using a deep neural network (DNN). Digital holographic volume reconstruction conventionally uses multiple diffraction calculations to obtain sectional reconstructed images from an in-line hologram, followed by detection of the lateral and axial positions, and the sizes of particles by using focus metrics. However, the axial resolution is limited by the numerical aperture of the optical system, and the processes are time consuming. The method proposed here can simultaneously detect the lateral and axial positions, and the particle sizes via a DNN. We numerically investigated the performance of the DNN in terms of the errors in the detected positions and sizes. The calculation time is faster than conventional diffracted-based approaches.
Bandlimited design and stacking of P‐P and P‐S surveys (2003)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003Bandlimited design and stacking of P‐P and P‐S surveysAuthors: Peter W. CaryDon C. LawtonPeter W. CarySensor Geophysical Ltd. and Don C. LawtonDept. of Geology and Geophysics, The University of Calgaryhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1818070 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1818070FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByComment on: "Survey design for coal-scale 3D-PS seismic reflection" (S. Strong and S. Hearn, Geophysics, 81, no. 6, P57–P70)Gijs Vermeer21 March 2017 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 82, No. 3Survey design for coal-scale 3D-PS seismic reflectionGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 81, No. 6 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2003 Pages: 2452 publication data© 2003 Copyright © 2003 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Peter W. Cary and Don C. Lawton, (2003), "Bandlimited design and stacking of P‐P and P‐S surveys," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 842-845. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1818070 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Opposite Changes in the Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity (2004)

The BDNF changes observed in AN and obesity are likely secondary adaptive mechanisms aimed at counteracting the change in energy balance that occurs in these syndromes.
Tabu Search for no-wait Flowshop Scheduling Problem to Minimize Maximum Lateness (2010)

In order to solve the no-wait flowshop scheduling problem to minimize the maximum lateness, three job-block-based neighborhoods are proposed, among which the block exchange neighborhood have a size of O(n^4) while the block swap and the simplified block exchange neighborhoods have a size of O(n^3). With larger sizes than the existing neighborhoods, the proposed neighborhoods can enhance the solution quality of local search algorithms. Speedup properties for the neighborhoods are developed, which can evaluate a neighbor in constant time and explore the neighborhoods in time proportional to their proposed sizes. Unlike the dominance-rule-based speedup method, the proposed speedups are applicable to any machine number. Three neighborhoods and the union of block swap and the simplified block exchange neighborhoods are compared in the tabu search. Computational results on benchmark instances show that three tabu search algorithms with O(n^3) neighborhoods outperform the existing algorithms and the tabu search algorithm with the union has the best performance among all the tested algorithms.
Image coding by adaptive tree-structured segmentation (2002)

A new segmentation-based image coding method is proposed. The encoder recursively partitions an image into convex n-gons, 3<or=n<or=8, until the pixels satisfy a uniformity criterion. The partition is adaptive to image semantics by aligning these n-gons with image edges. The compressed image is sent as a labeled pointerless binary tree, and decoding is simply polygon filling. The adaptability of the partition is achieved by an optimized 2-dimensional piecewise constant approximation of the image. This seemingly expensive optimization process is made computationally feasible by a novel preprocessing technique. High compression ratios are obtained through a good compromise between the segmentation validity and segmentation complexity.<<ETX>>
Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression (2014)

Adaptative Scalable Texture Compression (ASTC) is a new texture compression format that is set to take the world by storm. Having been accepted as a new Khronos standard, this compression format is already available in some hardware platforms. This chapter shows how it works, how to use it, and how to get the most out of it. For more in-depth information, there is a full speciﬁcation provided with the encoder [Mali 14a].
As it were a little child again (1997)

We provide a comprehensive classification of the anatomy of the AF, regarding the orientation and cortical connections of its fibers. Although fiber orientation is very consistent, cortical endings of the AF may be different from one study to another, or from one individual to another which is a key element to understand the anatomical basis of current models of language or to guide intraoperative stimulation during awake surgery.
Sorbitol dehydration into isosorbide in a molten salt hydrate medium (2013)

The sorbitol conversion in a molten salt hydrate medium (ZnCl2; 70 wt% in water) was studied. Dehydration is the main reaction, initially 1,4- and 3,6-anhydrosorbitol are the main products that are subsequently converted into isosorbide; two other anhydrohexitols, (1,5- and 2,5-), formed are in less amounts and do not undergo further dehydration. Besides dehydration, depending on the temperature, sorbitol was partly epimerized into galactitol, which was further converted to anhydrohexitols or di-anhydrohexitols (mainly isoidide). Epimerization of galactitol into sorbitol was not observed. Temperature (150 to 220 °C) is a crucial factor; at low temperature the reaction rate is low but the selectivity is high, at elevated temperature (over 200 °C) the rate is high but extensive amounts of byproducts were produced. At the optimal temperature range, without using any co-catalysts, full conversion is achieved, and the isosorbide percent yield is above 85% on a molar basis; (1,5- and 2,5-) anhydrohexitols are the major byproducts. The sorbitol conversion reaction pathway has been investigated.
Radiosurgery for Spinal Malignant Tumors (2009)

Spinal radiosurgery is an independent, essentially noninvasive method of treatment. Different types of radiosurgical treatment apparatus are available. For properly selected patients, radiosurgery offers a good chance of therapeutic success with relatively rare complications.
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 7/2009 (2009)

Cover: The cover image presents the design of a phosphorescent Ir(III) complex equipped with an oxetane unit. Admixed to crosslinkable matrix moieties the emitter can be copolymerized by a photoinduced cationic ring opening polymerization forming an insoluble network. Applied as emissive layer, fully solution processed multi‐layer OLEDs can be obtained. Further details can be found in the article by C. Ulbricht, N. Rehmann, E. Holder, D. Hertel, K. Meerholz, * U. S. Schubert * on page 531.
Self-assembled DNA-Guided RNA Nanovector via Step-wise Dual Enzyme Polymerization (SDEP) for Carrier-free siRNA Delivery (2016)

Nucleic acid-based therapeutics are being used increasingly for biomedical applications. Despite this, the development of nontoxic and cell-targetable delivery systems for practical use is still a challenge. This paper reports a novel enzymatic synthetic approach to produce cell-targetable RNA nanovectors. The RNA nanovectors were generated by the hybridization of DNA and RNA strands produced by temperature-dependent dual polymerization, which is also called stepwise dual enzyme polymerization. The RNA strands are designed to contain siRNA precursors, and the DNA strands include aptamers that bind specifically to the target molecules for cell-targeting. The RNA nanovector can also enhance the resistance to nuclease degradation and help overcome the limitations associated with the nature of RNA via DNA-RNA hybrids. Therefore, the proposed strategy, stepwise dual enzyme polymerization, is an innovative solution for successful carrier-free siRNA delivery.
Effective Combination Therapy Using Interferon-  and Interleukin-2 for Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in a Pediatric Patient with AIDS (2005)

A 5-year-old girl presented with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection during advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Interferon-gamma or interleukin-2 monotherapy showed only limited effects. Use of a combination of interferon-gamma and interferon-2 resulted in a remarkable improvement in the patient's condition, accompanied by an increase in circulating CD4+ T cells.
Apolipoprotein J expression at fluid-tissue interfaces: potential role in barrier cytoprotection. (1993)

Apolipoprotein J (apoJ) is a sulfated secreted glycoprotein that exhibits ubiquitous expression, evolutionary conservation, and diverse tissue inducibility. It has been proposed to have roles in programmed cell death, sperm maturation, complement regulation, and lipid transport. To identify cell types that synthesize apoJ and to aid evaluation of its function, we screened mouse and human tissues by in situ hybridization. ApoJ was expressed at high levels in an array of specialized cell types of adult and fetal mouse tissues and in similar cell types of human tissues. Most of these cell types are highly secretory and form the cellular interfaces of many fluid compartments. This group includes epithelial boundary cells of the esophagus, biliary ducts, gallbladder, urinary bladder, ureter, kidney distal convoluted tubules, gastric glands, Brunner's glands, choroid plexus, ependyma, ocular ciliary body, endometrium, cervix, vagina, testis, epididymus, and visceral yolk sac. Several nonepithelial secretory cell types that express high levels of apoJ also line fluid compartments, such as synovial lining cells and ovarian granulosa cells. In the context of its known biochemical properties, this expression pattern suggests that localized synthesis of apoJ serves to protect a variety of secretory, mucosal, and other barrier cells from surface-active components of the extracellular environment.
Evaluation of absorbable poly(ortho esters) for use in surgical implants (1994)

Recent reports describe an unfavorable noninfective inflammatory response to acidic degradation products in clinical applications of bone fixation devices fabricated from bulk hydrolyzing polyglycolides and polylactides (PGA and PLA). The work described here suggests that poly(ortho esters) (POEs) offer an alternative. By comparison, hydrophobic POEs degrade predominately via surface hydrolysis, yielding first a combination of nonacidic degradation products, followed by alcoholic and acidic products gradually over time. POE specimens proved acutely nontoxic in United States Pharmacopeia tests of cellular, intracutaneous, systemic, and intramuscular implant toxicity. Hot-molded specimens degraded slowly in saline, retaining 92% initial stiffness (1.6 GPa flexion) and retaining 80% initial strength (66 MPa flexion) in 12 weeks. Degradation was almost unaffected by decreasing saline pH from 7.4 to 5.0. This demonstrated the relative hydrophobicity of POEs, since incorporation of small amounts of acid within the polymer markedly increases the degradation rate. Degradation rates were increased substantially by dynamic mechanical loading in saline. This may be true for other degradable polymers also, but no data could be found in the literature. Presumably, tensile loading opens microcracks, allowing water to enter. Solvent cast POE films were strong in tension (30 + MPa tensile yield) and reasonably tough (12-15% elongation to yield). Higher molecular weight films (41-67 kDa) showed no degradation in mechanical properties after 31 days in physiological buffer at body temperature. A 27-kDa film offered similar initial strength and stiffness but began showing mechanical degradation at 31 days. The films showed a decrease in weight with exposure time but no change in either molecular weight or water absorption at 31 days, further supporting the observation that POE degrades by surface hydrolysis rather than by bulk hydrolysis.
FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF HEPATOCYTES AFTER TRANSPLANTATION INTO RAT SPLEEN (1982)

The retention of structural integrity and metabolic function by isolated hepatocytes after ectopic transplantation has been investigated in autografted rats. Rats were partially hepatectomized and isolated hepatocytes prepared from the excised liver lobes were implanted into their spleens. Histological examination of the spleens 7 or more weeks after implantation revealed aggregates of hepatocytes in the red pulp. Two tests of biochemical function were applied to the hepatocytes after transplantation. In the first the hepatobiliary imaging agent technetium-99m N-[N'-(2, 6-dimethylphenyl)carbamoylmethyl]iminodiacetic acid (99mTc HIDA), which was shown to be avidly taken up by isolated hepatocytes in vitro, was infused into the tail veins of autograft and control rats. Radioactivity accumulating in the spleens of autografted rats was markedly greater than that in controls implanted with lethally damaged cells or in nontransplanted rats. In the second the presence of bilirubin metabolites was sought in autograft spleens after intravenous infusion of bilirubin. Both mono- and diglucuronides of bilirubin were recovered from the spleens of autograft rats but no conjugates were recovered from the spleens of unoperated controls. We conclude that after autotransplantation isolated hepatocytes retain their morphology and at least some of their functional activities.
Thermodynamics of Densification: I, Sintering of Simple Particle Arrays, Equilibrium Configurations, Pore Stability, and Shrinkage (1989)

Equilibrium configurations for linear and closed arrays (rings and regular polyhedra containing a single pore) of identical particles (cylinders or spheres) were determined by minimizing the array's surface and grain‐boundary energies with the assumption that each particle conserves its mass. The change in free energy between the initial and equilibrium configuration increases with dihedral angle (i.e., the equilibrium angle). More significantly, it is shown that pores will shrink to an equilibrium size if the number ( n ) of coordinating particles is greater than a critical value. The critical pore coordination number ( n c ) increases with the dihedral angle. Only pores with n n c are thermodynamically unstable during sintering. It is also shown that any mass‐transport mechanism can lead to pore shrinkage while a connecting path to the pore surface remains open. The effective sintering “stress” (i.e., driving force) increases with the dihedral angle and decreases to zero as the equilibrium configuration is reached. Sintering stresses increase with decreasing coordination number. It is also shown that the shrinkage strain for closed arrays increases with the pore coordination number. Rearrangement phenomena within a powder compact are discussed with regard to resultant sintering forces on nonsymmetrically coordinated particles.
Interaction of Ubiquinone-10 with Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and Their Formation of Small Dispersed Particles (2000)

Stable aqueous dispersions of ubiquinone-10 (UQ) were obtained by cosonication with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in the UQ mole fraction range 0.1-0.7. To clarify the dispersal mechanism, the dispersed particles were characterized, and the interaction between UQ and DPPC was investigated using several physicochemical techniques. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements showed that the diameter of the dispersed particles was 50-70 nm. A limited amount of UQ was incorporated into DPPC bilayer membranes (approximately 5 mol%). The trapped aqueous volume inside the particles was determined fluorometrically using the aqueous space marker calcein, and the volume in the UQ/DPPC particles decreased remarkably with the addition of UQ into small unilamellar vesicles of DPPC. The decline in the fraction of vesicular particles was also confirmed by fluorescence quenching of N-dansylhexadecylamine in the DPPC membrane by the addition of the quencher CuSO4. These results indicate that the excess UQ separated from the DPPC bilayers is stabilized as emulsion particles by the DPPC surface monolayer.
The performance of query control schemes for the zone routing protocol (1999)

In this paper, we study the performance of route query control mechanisms for the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) for ad-hoc networks. The ZRP proactively maintains routing information for each node's local neighborhood (routing zone), while reactively acquiring routes to destinations beyond the routing zone. This hybrid routing approach can perform more efficiently than traditional routing schemes, but only with the proper query control mechanisms. Our proposed query control schemes exploit the structure of the routing zone to provide enhanced detection (Query Detecrion (QDUQD2)), termination (Early Termination (ET), Loopback Termination (LT)) and prevention (Backward Seaich Prevention (BSP), Selective Bordercasting (SBC)) of overlapping queries. These mechanisms allow the ZRP to provide routes to all accessible network nodes, with only a fraction of the control trafftc generated by purely proactive distance vector or purely reactive flooding schemes, and in less than half the time of a route query flood.
Drape Analysis using Imaging Techniques (2000)

Many textile properties have traditionally been assessed using subjective methods dependent upon one or more of the human senses. It is generally accepted that these methods can be unreliable, and the development of more reliable and consistent objective measurement systems is a key objective for textile scientists. In this study, the application of an imaging system to the detailed objective measurement of the drape profiles of a range of wool fabrics, captured from a traditional drape tester, is investigated. Image processing and analysis software techniques are successfully implemented to enable, by the measurement of a number of key parameters, a full and automatic characterisation of the drape profiles reflecting visual impression. Drape coefficient values gathered via the instrumental technique correlate strongly with those established using the traditional cut and weigh approach. Strong parameter relationships are identified, and it is established that a three parameter combination of drape coefficient, number of nodes and variation in node severity would be required to enable good discrimination between the drape profiles of the fabric range under study.
Multi-channel SAR segmentation: algorithms and applications (1996)

Extensions of three single-channel segmentation algorithms to multi-channel operation are described. Algorithm performance is illustrated using multi-temporal ERS-1 images of an agricultural scene. It is shown that full multi-channel segmentation performed better than an approach based on segmenting channels separately and then recombining information. A multi-channel segmentor (RWSEG) based on segment growing constrained by edge detection was shown to perform better than a multichannel segmentor based on segment merging (MUM). However, in terms of preserving small scale detail neither preformed as well as a multi-channel filter (GAMANN) based on simulated annealing. It is illustrated how multi-channel segmentation may be used for identifying structural change and measuring radiometric change. With RWSEG, the choice of an RMS measure for combining information from different channels into a single parameter is somewhat arbitrary, its primary attraction being simplicity. More optimal methods probably exist and should be investigated.
Lysyl Oxidase Activity in the Mouse Uterine Cervix Is Physiologically Regulated by Estrogen (1981)

Lysyl oxidase activity in the mouse cervix was examined during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and the postpartum period. It was highest in estrus and lowest in diestrus. On day 1 of pregnancy, the activity was comparable to that seen in estrus. It then declined continuously until day 17 of pregnancy, when it was approximately equal to that seen during diestrus. The activity showed a slight increase toward term, then a precipitous increase occurred on the first postpartum day. The activity fell by the seventh postpartum day to a value comparable to that seen in diestrus. Enzyme activity fell to one fourth of its former value 3 days after ovariectomy. The injection of 1 microgram 17 beta-estradiol or more in 0.9% NaCl 10 days after ovariectomy raised the activity, in 18 h, to the level seen in estrus. One milligram of progesterone had no effect on the enzyme activity, but a combination of 1 microgram 17 beta-estradiol and 1 mg progesterone raised the activity to that seen with 1 microgram 17 beta-estradiol alone. These results suggest that lysyl oxidase activity in the mouse cervix is under the control of estrogen.
Chlorination of 1<i>H</i>‐pyrrolo[3,2‐<i>c</i>]pyridin‐4,6(5<i>H</i>,7<i>H</i>)dione (3,7‐dideazaxanthine) and its 5‐methyl derivative (1978)

Abstract The chlorination of 1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ c ]pyridin‐4,6(5 H , 7 H )dione (3,7‐dideazaxanthine) ( 2 ) and 5‐methyl‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ c ] pyridin4,6(5 H ,7 H )dione (1 ‐methyl‐3,7‐dideazaxanthine) ( 3 ) with phenylphosphonic dichloride has yielded 4,6‐dichloro‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ c ]pyridine (2,6‐dichloro‐3,7‐dideazapurine) ( 1 ). A mechanism for the demethylation of the 5‐methyl derivative under these conditions is proposed. Ammonolysis of 4,6‐dichloro‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ c ] pyridine was unsuccessful while catalytic reduction of this dichloro derivative produced 1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ c ]‐pyridine ( 4 ).