gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Center Experience (2012)

Background. Basal cell carcinoma comprises the vast majority of skin cancers. It predominantly affects fair-skinned individuals, and its incidence is rising rapidly. Etiology may be multifactorial, but sun exposure appears to play a critical role. When detected early, the prognosis is excellent. Thus appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance are of utmost importance. Methods. From January 1994 to May 2012, 518 basal cell carcinomas were excised in our clinic. Data were collected retrospectively. Results. During 18-year period, 518 BCCs were excised from 486 patients. Most of the patients were males with a median age of 65.6 years. Most of the basal cell carcinomas were located in the head region. Nodular histological subtype dominated our series. Six percent of the excised lesions required reexcision because of involved margins. Our recurrence rate was 6.94% with the nose and the periauricular and periocular regions being the most common sites of occurrence. Conclusion. Although there is relatively low attributable mortality, the morbidity and cost of treatment are significant. A large body of information serves as a foundation for oncologic principles, diagnosis methods, surgical excisions, follow-up protocols, and reconstructive methodologies that are currently in use. Surgical ablation remains the mainstay of treatment.
Structure of the chromosomal insertion site for pSAM2: functional analysis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

The element pSAM2 from Streptomyces ambofaciens integrates into the chromosome through site-specific recombination between the element (attP) and the chromosomal (attB) sites. These regions share an identity segment of 58bp extending from the anti-codon loop through the 3' end of a tRNA(Pro) gene. To facilitate the study of the attB site, the int and xis genes, expressed from an inducible promoter, and attP from pSAM2 were cloned on plasmids in Escherichia coil. Compatible plasmids carrying the different attB regions to be tested were introduced in these E. coli strains. Under these conditions, Int alone could promote site-specific integration; Int and Xis were both required for site-specific excision. This experimental system was used to study the sequences required in attB for efficient site-specific recombination. A 26 bp sequence, centred on the anti-codon loop region and not completely included in the identity segment, retained all the functionality of attB; shorter sequences allowed integration with lower efficiencies. By comparing the 26-bp-long attB with attP, according to the Lambda model, we propose that B and B', C and C' core-type Int binding sites consist of 9 bp imperfect inverted repeats separated by a 5 bp overlap region.
AllergoOncology: the role of IgE‐mediated allergy in cancer (2008)

Epidemiological studies have suggested inverse associations between allergic diseases and malignancies. As a proof of concept for the capability of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to destruct tumor cells, several experimental strategies have evolved to specifically target this antibody class towards relevant tumor antigens. It could be demonstrated that IgE antibodies specific to overexpressed tumor antigens have been superior to any other immunoglobulin class with respect to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (ADCP) reactions. In an alternative approach, IgE nonspecifically attached to tumor cells proved to be a powerful adjuvant establishing tumor-specific immune memory. Active Th2 immunity could also be achieved by applying an oral immunization regimen using mimotopes, i.e. epitope mimics of tumor antigens. The induced IgE antibodies could be cross-linked by live tumor cells leading to tumoricidic mediator release. Thus, IgE antibodies may not only act in natural tumor surveillance, but could possibly also be exploited for tumor control in active and passive immunotherapy settings. Thereby, eosinophils, mast cells and macrophages can be armed with the cytophilic IgE and become potent anti-tumor effectors, able to trace viable tumor cells in the tissues. It is strongly suggested that the evolving new field AllergoOncology will give new insights into the role of IgE-mediated allergy in malignancies, possibly opening new avenues for tumor therapy.
Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidative Phenols from Black Currant Juice Press Residues (<i>Ribes nigrum</i>) (2001)

Enzymatic release of phenolic compounds from pomace remaining from black currant (Ribes nigrum) juice production was examined. Treatment with each of the commercial pectinolytic enzyme preparations Grindamyl pectinase, Macer8 FJ, Macer8 R, and Pectinex BE, as well as treatment with Novozym 89 protease, significantly increased plant cell wall breakdown of the pomace. Each of the tested enzyme preparations except Grindamyl pectinase also significantly enhanced the amount of phenols extracted from the pomace. Macer8 FJ and Macer8 R decreased the extraction yields of anthocyanins, whereas Pectinex BE and Novozym 89 protease showed no effect. A decrease in pomace particle sizes from 500-1000 microm to <125 microm increased the phenol yields 1.6-5 times. Black currant pomace devoid of seeds gave significantly higher yields of phenols than pomace with seeds and seedless wine pomace. Four selected black currant pomace extracts all exerted a pronounced antioxidant activity against human LDL oxidation in vitro when tested at equimolar phenol concentrations of 7.5-10 microM.
The Effect of Artificial Tears on Visual Performance in Normal Subjects Wearing Contact Lenses (2003)

This study indicates that there is no effect of Clerz2 or Sensitive Eyes in maintaining or improving visual performance beyond the normal prelens tear film break-up time in normal subjects wearing Acuvue lenses.
Drug-releasing implants: current progress, challenges and perspectives (2014)

The need for more efficient drug delivery strategies to treat resilient diseases and the rise of micro and nanotechnology have led to the development of more sophisticated drug-releasing implants with improved capabilities and performances for localised and controlled therapies. In recent years, implantable drug-releasing systems have emerged as an outstanding alternative to conventional clinical therapies. This new breed of implants has shown promising capabilities to overcome the inherent problems of conventional implants and therapies, making clinical treatments more efficient with minimal side effects. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that this technology can improve the life of patients and increase their life expectancy. Within this context, this review is aimed at highlighting the different types and concepts of drug-releasing implants incorporating new nanomaterials and nanotechnology-based devices. Furthermore, the principles on which these drug-releasing implants are based as well as their advantages and limitations are discussed in detail. Finally, we provide a future perspective in the development of implantable clinical drug-delivery systems based on micro and nanotechnology.
Polar forms for geometrically continuous spline curves of arbitrary degree (1993)

This paper studies geometrically continuous spline curves of arbitrary degree. Based on the concept of universal splines, we obtain geometric constructions for both the spline control Wints and for the Bezier points and give algorithms for computing locally supported basis functions and for knot insertion. The geometric constructions are based on the intersection of osculating flats. The concept of universal splines is defined in such a way that these intersections are guaranteed to exist, As a result of this development, we obtain a generalization of polar forms to geometrically continuous spline curves by intersecting osculating flats. The presented algorithms have been coded in ,Maple, and concrete examples illustrate the approach.
Autonomous GPS/INS navigation experiment for space transfer vehicle (1993)

An experiment is described to validate the concept of developing an autonomous integrated spacecraft navigation system using onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS) measurements. Previous work by the authors (1988, 1990) has demonstrated the feasibility of integrating GPS measurements with INS measurements to provide a total improvement in spacecraft navigation performance, i.e., improvement in position, velocity and attitude information. An important aspect of this research is the automatic real-time reconfiguration capability of the system, which is designed to respond to changes in a spacecraft mission under the control of an expert system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The <i>Tn7</i> transposition regulator TnsC interacts with the transposase subunit TnsB and target selector TnsD (2014)

The excision of transposon Tn7 from a donor site and its insertion into its preferred target site, attachment site attTn7, is mediated by four Tn7-encoded transposition proteins: TnsA, TnsB, TnsC, and TnsD. Transposition requires the assembly of a nucleoprotein complex containing all four Tns proteins and the DNA substrates, the donor site containing Tn7, and the preferred target site attTn7. TnsA and TnsB together form the heteromeric Tn7 transposase, and TnsD is a target-selecting protein that binds specifically to attTn7. TnsC is the key regulator of transposition, interacting with both the TnsAB transposase and TnsD-attTn7. We show here that TnsC interacts directly with TnsB, and identify the specific region of TnsC involved in the TnsB-TnsC interaction during transposition. We also show that a TnsC mutant defective in interaction with TnsB is defective for Tn7 transposition both in vitro and in vivo. Tn7 displays cis-acting target immunity, which blocks Tn7 insertion into a target DNA that already contains Tn7. We provide evidence that the direct TnsB-TnsC interaction that we have identified also mediates cis-acting Tn7 target immunity. We also show that TnsC interacts directly with the target selector protein TnsD.
Fair queueing architectures for high-speed networks (1996)

Summary form only given, as follows. High-speed links in emerging communication networks require simple and efficient algorithms for apportioning bandwidth to competing connections. A single link may carry traffic for thousands of connections with different quality-of-service parameters, requiring scalable switch architectures that avoid performing operations for every connection or cell during each transmission slot. Still, effective cell scheduling algorithms should provide delay and bandwidth guarantees for a wide variety of applications, even in the presence of bursty traffic. The author has investigated a collection of self-clocked fair queueing (SCFQ) architectures amenable to efficient hardware implementation in network switches. These event-driven architectures perform a small, bounded amount of work in response to each cell arrival and departure, independent of the number of connections. Exact and approximate implementations of SCFQ efficiently handle a moderate range of connection bandwidth parameters, while hierarchical arbitration schemes scale to a large range of throughput requirements. Simulation experiments demonstrate that these architectures divide link bandwidth fairly on a small time scale, preserving connection bandwidth and burstiness properties.
Further results on interference cancellation and space-time block codes (2001)

Space-time block codes (STBC) make use of a rich algebraic structure to provide diversity gains with small decoding complexity. We show that the rich algebraic structure of STBC reduces the hardware and software complexity of interference cancellation (IC) techniques. Additionally, after the IC stage, transmitted symbols can still be recovered with space-time diversity gains. We present three illustrative examples of IC in wireless networks where cochannel users employ STBC. First, we show that any STBC that is based on an orthogonal design allows IC of two cochannel users with simple linear processing. Second, we show that for S.M. Alamouti's STBC (see IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol.16, no.8, p.1451-8, 1998), K>2 users can be detected with simple linear processing, while still ensuring space-time diversity gains. Third, capitalizing on recent work on single-carrier frequency-domain STBC, we study how the aforementioned IC schemes can be modified for frequency-selective channels.
Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological assessment of derivatives of isoxazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine. II. (1994)

Some new derivatives of 5-alkylaminomethyl-3-benzoyl-7-oxo-6,7-dihydroisoxazolo[4,3- d]pyrimidine [II-VI] and 7-amine substituted 3-benzoyl-5-phenylisoxazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine [VIII-X] were synthesized. Preliminary results of pharmacological screening of compounds synthesized as [II-V,IX,X] have been presented.
Selective antiviral agents. The metabolism of 5-propyl-2'-deoxyuridine and effects on DNA synthesis in herpes simplex virus type 1 infections. (1982)

The metabolism and disposition of 5-propyl-2'-deoxyuridine (Pr-dUrd) in herpes simplex virus type 1 infections were investigated in cell culture using [14C]Pr-dUrd, [32P]orthophosphate, and several methods including high pressure liquid chromatography and isopycnic centrifugation. Results in infected cells indicate Pr-dUrd 1) is taken up and phosphorylated to mono-, di-, and triphosphates; 2) is incorporated into DNA; 3) preferentially inhibits synthesis of viral DNA; 4) blocks re-initiation of viral DNA synthesis even after removal of the nucleoside from the culture; and 5) exerts these effects early in the course of infection (before 6 h postinfection). Pr-dUrd was not phosphorylated in uninfected cells, and had little or no effect on apparent cellular DNA synthesis in infected or uninfected cells. Present evidence suggests one possible antiviral event could be the lethal effect of Pr-dUrd after incorporation into viral DNA by alteration of DNA template-directed functions such as replication.
One year of musical training affects development of auditory cortical-evoked fields in young children (2006)

Auditory evoked responses to a violin tone and a noise-burst stimulus were recorded from 4- to 6-year-old children in four repeated measurements over a 1-year period using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Half of the subjects participated in musical lessons throughout the year; the other half had no music lessons. Auditory evoked magnetic fields showed prominent bilateral P100m, N250m, P320m and N450m peaks. Significant change in the peak latencies of all components except P100m was observed over time. Larger P100m and N450m amplitude as well as more rapid change of N250m amplitude and latency was associated with the violin rather than the noise stimuli. Larger P100m and P320m peak amplitudes in the left hemisphere than in the right are consistent with left-lateralized cortical development in this age group. A clear musical training effect was expressed in a larger and earlier N250m peak in the left hemisphere in response to the violin sound in musically trained children compared with untrained children. This difference coincided with pronounced morphological change in a time window between 100 and 400 ms, which was observed in musically trained children in response to violin stimuli only, whereas in untrained children a similar change was present regardless of stimulus type. This transition could be related to establishing a neural network associated with sound categorization and/or involuntary attention, which can be altered by music learning experience.
Time-resolved transillumination for medical diagnostics (1990)

A time-gated technique to improve the possibility of localizing spatial differences in absorption when transilluminating a turbid, highly scattering medium, such as human tissue, is demonstrated. When transmitting picosecond laser pulses and detecting photons on the opposite side of the object, the contrast can be strongly enhanced by detecting only the photons with the shortest traveling time. Measurements on a 35-mm-thick tissue phantom with 5-mm-diameter absorbing objects inside are reported with data for a human hand in vivo. Implications for optical mammography (diaphanography) are discussed.
Adaptive synthetic aperture radar image enhancement (2009)

An adaptive SAR image enhancement method is presented for reducing the speckle noise and increasing the contrast of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. First, a fuzzy logic based filter, employing fuzzy edge to weight the contributions of pixel values in filter window, is used to filter the speckles. Second, the original SAR image is decomposed into lowfrequency component and high-frequency component. The fuzzy filtered image is viewed as the low-frequency component, and the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization algorithm is used to increase its contrast. The highfrequency component is obtained by subtracting the low-frequency component from the original image, and its gain is controlled by fuzzy structural which employed to express the degree of a pixel belonging to structures. After processed one after the other, the two components are added together to form the final enhanced SAR image. Experimental results show the excellent effect of the proposed method by visual observation and numerical measurement. Many fine structures and little speckle noise can be seen from the enhanced SAR images.
Geometrical Resonance Conditions for THz Radiation from the Intrinsic Josephson Junctions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Bi</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Sr</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>CaCu</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">O</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> (2010)

Subterahertz radiation emitted from a variety of short rectangular-, square-, and disk-shaped mesas of intrinsic Josephson junctions fabricated from a Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+δ) single crystal was studied from the observed I-V characteristics, far-infrared spectra, and spatial radiation patterns. In all cases, the radiation frequency satisfies the conditions both for the ac Josephson effect and for a mesa cavity resonance mode. The integer higher harmonics observed in all spectra imply that the ac Josephson effect plays the dominant role in the novel dual-source radiation mechanism.
Long-Term Experimental Evolution in Escherichia coli. XII. DNA Topology as a Key Target of Selection (2004)

The genetic bases of adaptation are being investigated in 12 populations of Escherichia coli, founded from a common ancestor and serially propagated for 20,000 generations, during which time they achieved substantial fitness gains. Each day, populations alternated between active growth and nutrient exhaustion. DNA supercoiling in bacteria is influenced by nutritional state, and DNA topology helps coordinate the overall pattern of gene expression in response to environmental changes. We therefore examined whether the genetic controls over supercoiling might have changed during the evolution experiment. Parallel changes in topology occurred in most populations, with the level of DNA supercoiling increasing, usually in the first 2000 generations. Two mutations in the topA and fis genes that control supercoiling were discovered in a population that served as the focus for further investigation. Moving the mutations, alone and in combination, into the ancestral background had an additive effect on supercoiling, and together they reproduced the net change in DNA topology observed in this population. Moreover, both mutations were beneficial in competition experiments. Clonal interference involving other beneficial DNA topology mutations was also detected. These findings define a new class of fitness-enhancing mutations and indicate that the control of DNA supercoiling can be a key target of selection in evolving bacterial populations.
An Accurate and Efficient Timing Prediction Framework for Wide Supply Voltage Design Based on Learning Method (2020)

The wide voltage design methodology has been widely employed in the state-of-the-art circuit design with the advantage of remarkable power reduction and energy efficiency enhancement. However, the timing verification issue for multiple PVT (process–voltage–temperature) corners rises due to unacceptable analysis effort increase for multiple supply voltage nodes. Moreover, the foundry-provided timing libraries in the traditional STA (static timing analysis) approach are only available for the nominal supply voltage with limited voltage scaling, which cannot support timing verification for low voltages down to near- or sub-threshold voltages. In this paper, a learning-based approach for wide voltage design is proposed where feature engineering is performed to enhance the correlation among PVT corners based on a dilated CNN (convolutional neural network) model, and an ensemble model is utilized with two-layer stacking to improve timing prediction accuracy. The proposed method was verified with a commercial RISC (reduced instruction set computer) core under the supply voltage nodes ranging from 0.5 V to 0.9 V. Experimental results demonstrate that the prediction error is limited by 4.9% and 7.9%, respectively, within and across process corners for various working temperatures, which achieves up to 4.4× and 3.9× precision enhancement compared with related learning-based methods.
The influence of molecular weight distribution on the primary crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene (1963)

Abstract A detailed analysis of crystallization phenomena in isotactic polypropylene has been carried out in order to establish the dependence of kinetic parameters on molecular weight distribution. The crystallization rate is lower for samples having a very narrow distribution compared with polydisperse samples fused at the same temperature for equal length of time, provided that the temperature is not so high to destroy the previous crystalline ordered zones. Nucleation has been found to be predetermined when crystallization temperature is inferior to 150°C., and then spherulites grow radially. At temperatures above 150°C., crystallization is governed mainly by sporadic nucleation if predetermined nuclei have been completely destroyed during fusion. Sporadic nucleation is more easily achieved for samples with narrow molecular weight distribution.
Pedestrian Detection in Crowded Scenes (2005)

In this paper, we address the problem of detecting pedestrians in crowded real-world scenes with severe overlaps. Our basic premise is that this problem is too difficult for any type of model or feature alone. Instead, we present an algorithm that integrates evidence in multiple iterations and from different sources. The core part of our method is the combination of local and global cues via probabilistic top-down segmentation. Altogether, this approach allows examining and comparing object hypotheses with high precision down to the pixel level. Qualitative and quantitative results on a large data set confirm that our method is able to reliably detect pedestrians in crowded scenes, even when they overlap and partially occlude each other. In addition, the flexible nature of our approach allows it to operate on very small training sets.