gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Repression of <i>Kcc2</i> Transcription by REST–RE-1 Controls Developmental Switch in Neuronal Chloride (2009)

Transcriptional upregulation of Kcc2b, the gene variant encoding the major isoform of the KCC2 chloride transporter, underlies a rapid perinatal decrease in intraneuronal chloride concentration (chloride shift), which is necessary for GABA to act inhibitory. Here we identify a novel repressor element-1 (RE-1) site in the 5' regulatory region of Kcc2b. In primary cortical neurons, which recapitulate the chloride shift in culture, the novel upstream RE-1 together with a known intronic RE-1 site function in concerted interaction to suppress Kcc2b transcription. With critical relevance for the chloride shift, only in the presence of the dual RE-1 site could inhibition of REST upregulate Kcc2b transcription. For this, we confirmed increased KCC2 protein expression and decreased intraneuronal chloride. Kcc2b developmental upregulation was potentiated by BDNF application, which was fully dependent on the presence of dual RE-1. In addition, the developmental chloride shift and GABA switch, from excitatory to inhibitory action, was accelerated by REST inhibition and slowed by REST overexpression. These results identify the REST-dual RE-1 interaction as a novel mechanism of transcriptional Kcc2b upregulation that significantly contributes to the ontogenetic shift in chloride concentration and GABA action in cortical neurons, which is fundamental for brain function in health and disease. Thus, we present here a new logic for the perinatal chloride shift, which is critical for establishment of GABAergic cortical inhibitory neurotransmission.
Parallel micro component-to-substrate assembly with controlled poses and high surface coverage (2006)

We demonstrate a novel parallel micro assembly process based on both shape recognition and capillary-driven self-assembly in an air environment. Mechanically diced 790 µm square silicon parts with flat or step edges were used for proof-of-concept demonstrations. Each part had only one hydrophobic 790 µm × 790 µm face and its other faces were hydrophilic. On a vibrating plate, tumbling parts were captured by cavities having an opening clearance that only admitted a single part standing vertically. The trapped parts were then transferred to a substrate having an array of receptor sites covered with water droplets. The flat-edge parts attached vertically to these sites and then capillary forces from water condensate turned them to face the substrate with their 790 µm × 790 µm hydrophilic faces. The step-edge parts attached at a tilted angle due to their featured edges and then a pressing plate laid them down. This process assembled micro parts to 1000 densely packed receptor sites in about 2 min with a defect rate of ~1%. A single batch assembly process achieved 31% surface coverage, and a second batch doubled the ratio to 62%.
Electrical Switching and Bistability in Organic/Polymeric Thin Films and Memory Devices (2006)

Abstract Recently, films created by incorporating metallic nanoparticles into organic or polymeric materials have demonstrated electrical bistability, as well as the memory effect, when subjected to an electrical bias. Organic and polymeric digital memory devices based on this bistable electronic behavior have emerged as a viable technology in the field of organic electronics. These devices exhibit fast response speeds and can form multiple‐layer stacking structures, demonstrating that organic memory devices possess a high potential to become flexible, ultrafast, and ultrahigh‐density memory devices. This behavior is believed to be related to charge storage in the organic or polymer film, where devices are able to exhibit two different states of conductivity often separated by several orders of magnitude. By defining the two states as “1” and “0”, it is now possible to create digital memory devices with this technology. This article reviews electrically bistable devices developed in our laboratory. Our research has stimulated strong interest in this area worldwide. The research by other laboratories is reviewed as well.
Reflections of a Science Advisor: An Interview with Edward E. David, Jr. (1974)

The presidential science advisory apparatus was dismantled June 30, 1973 as part of President Nixon's Reorganization Plan. The functions of the Office of Science and Technology, the President's Science Advisory Committee and the Science Advisor were transferred to the National Science Foundation. The Bulletin invited Edward E. David, Jr., who was Science Advisor from September 1970 to January 1973, to review what has happened and its effect on the scientific community. Dr. David is now executive vice president for research, development and planning of Could Inc., manufacturer of electrical and automotive products, Chicago. This is the ninth in a series of Bulletin interviews.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging of Ethanol in the Human Brain: A Feasibility Study (1993)

The in vivo distribution of ethanol in normal human brain following the consumption of a moderate amount of alcohol was measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Three subjects were studied, and the spatial distribution of brain ethanol, 60-min postingestion and measured at a spatial resolution of 1.5 cm, was found to be highly nonuniform with the relative ethanol signal in cerebral spinal fluid, gray matter, and white matter determined to be 1.00, 0.72, and 0.37, respectively. These spectroscopic imaging results indicate that whereas in vivo magnetic resonance studies of ethanol are feasible, quantitative studies of alcohol need to account carefully for the various tissue types within the observed volume.
Five Days in London, May 1940 (2000)

(2000). Five Days in London, May 1940. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 22-23.
An Experimental Measurement Of The Gyromagnetic Ratio Of The Free Electron. (1953)

PhD
Electrolytic actuators: Alternative, high-performance, material-based devices (2002)

The emerging field of materials-based actuation continues to be the focus of considerable research because of its inherent scalability and its promise to drive micromechanical devices that cannot be realized with conventional mechanical actuator strategies. The electrolytic phase transformation actuator offers a new broad-spectrum solution to the problem of direct conversion of electrical to mechanical energy. Strains of 136,000% and unoptimized work cycle efficiencies near 50% are demonstrated in a prototype device. Conceivably capable of generating stress beyond 200 MPa, this new approach promises performance orders of magnitude beyond other novel actuation strategies.
Sample analysis by on-line isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1989)

An on-line isotope dilution technique is developed by coupling commercial flow injection instruments with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Application of the technique is demonstrated by the determination of lead concentrations in diverse standard reference materials. The precision of the method, using optimum sample to spike ratios and a steady-state merging stream, is better than 1%. The approach simplifies sample preparation and analysis, and matrix effects have no influence on the determinations.
Reducing Migration-induced Cache Misses (2012)

In a large multiprocessor server platform, using multicore chips, the scheduler often migrates a scheduling entity, i.e. a thread or process or virtual machine, in order to achieve better load balancing or ensure fairness. The migration impact is likely to be more severe in virtualized environments, where high over-subscription of logical CPUs is very common for server consolidation workloads or virtual desktop infrastructure deployment. We demonstrate the performance benefit of saving and restoring cached data during migration. In particular, we measure the efficiency (benefit per cache block) of saving various subsets of the cached data, in order to balance implementation cost and complexity with improvements in cycle time. We also describe an implementation that moves cached data when a thread migrates, and we show the benefits in terms of reduced misses and reduced processor cycles.
Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of gut homeostasis (2017)

The intestine is a unique organ inhabited by a tremendous number of microorganisms. Intestinal epithelial cells greatly contribute to the maintenance of the symbiotic relationship between gut microbiota and the host by constructing mucosal barriers, secreting various immunological mediators and delivering bacterial antigens. Mucosal barriers, including physical barriers and chemical barriers, spatially segregate gut microbiota and the host immune system to avoid unnecessary immune responses to gut microbes, leading to the intestinal inflammation. In addition, various immunological mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, secreted from intestinal epithelial cells stimulated by gut microbiota modulate host immune responses, maintaining a well-balanced relationship between gut microbes and the host immune system. Therefore, impairment of the innate immune functions of intestinal epithelial cells is associated with intestinal inflammation.
Regulation of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases by G-Protein   and    Subunits (1992)

Members of a family of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) are responsible for transmission of information from many membrane-bound receptors to their intracellular effectors (for reviews, see Gilman 1987; Kaziro et al. 1991; Simon et al. 1991). There are several such pathways; the best-studied are those for dual (stimulatory and inhibitory) regulation of the rate of cAMP synthesis (e.g., by β-adrenergic and muscarinic agonists) and for light-stimulated hydrolysis of cGMP in retinal rods and cones. It is now appreciated that the general features of signal transduction pathways that have been elucidated for adenylyl cyclases and the visual system—that information flows from extracellularly oriented receptor to G protein to intracellular effector—are shared by a large number of transmembrane signaling systems that are triggered by hormones, neurotransmitters, autacoids, odorants, or physical stimuli.
Transform-Domain Fast Sum of the Squared Difference Computation for H.264/AVC Rate-Distortion Optimization (2007)

In H.264/AVC, the rate-distortion optimization for mode decision plays a significant role to achieve its outstanding performance in terms of both compression efficiency and video quality. However, this mode decision process also introduces extremely high complexity in the encoding process especially the computation of the sum of squared differences (SSD) between the original and reconstructed image blocks. In this paper, fast SSD (FSSD) algorithms are proposed to reduce the complexity of the rate-distortion cost function implementation. The proposed FSSD algorithm is based on the theoretical equivalent of the SSDs in spatial and transform domains and determines the distortion in integer cosine transform domain using an iterative table-lookup quantization process. This approach could avoid the inverse quantization/transform and pixel reconstructions processes with nearly no rate-distortion performance degradation. In addition, the FSSD can also be used with efficient bit rate estimation algorithms to further reduce the cost function complexity. Experimental results show that the new FSSD can save up to 15% of total encoding time with less than 0.1% coding performance degradation and it can save up to 30% with ignorable performance degradation when combining with conventional bit rate estimation algorithm
The perovskite-type structures of DyAlO<sub>3</sub>, DyFeO<sub>3</sub>and some related lanthanon mixed oxides (1960)

The perovskite type structures of selected lanthanonmixed oxides (LnBO/ sub 3/) were investigated to determine the factors which influence their distortion. Lanthanum, neodymium, gadolinium, and dysprosium, which have a suitable range of ionic radii, were chosen for the tripositive Ln ions. Aluminum, iron, and gallium, which have tripositive ions with an inert gas, half- filled d-shell, and 18-electron configuration, respectively, were chosen as B ions that would demonstrate the influence of partial covalent character of B-O linkages on the distortion. Complete reactions to perovskite type oxides were obtained in all cases except Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/ + Ga/sub 2//sup O/ub 3/, and Dy/ sub 2/O/sub 3/ + Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/. The data sho wed that>s distortion increased with the lanthanide contraction in each of the series LnAlO/sub 3/, LnFeO/sub 3/, and LnGaO/sub 3/. The orthorhombic structures of DyAlO/sub 3/ and DyFeO/sub 3/ are described. (B.O.G.)
Effects of OK-432 on the Proliferation and Cytotoxicity of Lymphokine-Activated Killer (LAK) Cells (1999)

We studied the effect of a streptococcal preparation, OK-432, on the cytotoxicity and the proliferation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were derived from healthy donors and patients with malignant brain tumors. We divided PBMC into two groups; these cells then were stimulated with interleukin-2 in the presence or absence of OK-432. OK-432 was added only in the initial 3 days during the 3-week midterm culture period. Then, we compared OK-432-stimulated LAK (OK-LAK) cells with standard LAK (sLAK) cells in terms of their rate of proliferation and cytotoxicity. OK-LAK cells proliferated more rapidly than sLAK cells. The cytotoxicity of OK-LAK cells increased, whereas that of sLAK cells decreased. We also investigated the phenotypic differences between these two types of LAK cells and found that, on day 21, the OK-LAK cells consisted mostly of CD3-CD56+ NK cells, whereas the sLAK cells consisted mostly of CD3+CD56- T cells. The difference in their level of cytotoxic potential might be explained by the difference of predominant phenotype.
A Study on Microorganisms Antifouling and Optical Properties of the Sensing Membrane Surface Modified by Hydrophobic Sol-gels (2008)

In this work we have studied the antifouling properties of the hydrophobic sol-gel modified sensing membrane and its optical properties for sensor application. E. coli JM109, B. cereus 318 and P. pastoris X-33 were cultivated in confocal cultivation dishes with glass surface, respectively. The glass surface was coated with the hydrophobic sol-gels prepared by the dimethoxy-dimethyl-silane (DiMe-DMOS) and tetramethyl-orthosilicate (TMOS). After cultivation, microorganisms adhered on the surface coated with sol-gels and glass surface were dyed by gram-staining method and the numbers of microorganisms were analyzed based on the image data of the scanning electronic microscope (SEM). A great number of microorganisms, about 2∼3 × 104/mm2, was adhered on the glass surfaces which no hydrophobic sol-gels were coated. However, the antifouling effect of the hydrophobic sol-gels was large, that microorganisms of less than 200∼300/mm2 were adhered on the coated glass surface. The performance of the sensing membranes for detection of pH and dissolved oxygen was enhanced by recoating the light insulation layer prepared with the mixture of the hydrophobic sol-gel and graphite particles.
Mitomycin for Patients Who Have Failed on Thiotepa (1986)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1986Mitomycin for Patients Who Have Failed on Thiotepa W.W. Koontz, T.A. Hazra, N.M. Heney, D.L. Trump, M.S. Soloway, B. Barton, and L. Kluskens W.W. KoontzW.W. Koontz More articles by this author , T.A. HazraT.A. Hazra More articles by this author , N.M. HeneyN.M. Heney More articles by this author , D.L. TrumpD.L. Trump More articles by this author , M.S. SolowayM.S. Soloway More articles by this author , B. BartonB. Barton More articles by this author , and L. KluskensL. Kluskens More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)44943-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Mitomycin for Patients Who Have Failed on Thiotepa." The Journal of Urology, 136(2), p. 542 © 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 136Issue 2August 1986Page: 542 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information W.W. Koontz More articles by this author T.A. Hazra More articles by this author N.M. Heney More articles by this author D.L. Trump More articles by this author M.S. Soloway More articles by this author B. Barton More articles by this author L. Kluskens More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Comment on “Correlation of x-ray absorption and x-ray photoemission spectroscopies in amorphous carbon nitride” (2001)

The comment on the interpretation of the photoelectron spectra of carbon nitride films by Ripalda et al. [Phys. Rev. B 60, R3705 (1999)] is presented, and the assignments of the N 1s binding energies in carbon nitride films are discussed.
Insights from Bcl-2 and Myc: malignancy involves abrogation of apoptosis as well as sustained proliferation. (1999)

The chromosome translocations typifying Burkitt's lymphoma and follicular lymphoma deregulate very different oncogenes, myc and bcl-2. Transgenic mouse models have illuminated how each contributes to lymphomagenesis. Constitutive myc expression provokes sustained cell proliferation and retards differentiation. However, the resulting expansion in cell number is self-limiting, because the cells remain dependent on cytokines and undergo apoptosis when these become limiting. In contrast, bcl-2 is the prototype of a new class of oncogene that enhances cell survival but does not promote proliferation. Coexpression of these genes leads to the rapid transformation of lymphocytes, probably because each can counter an antioncogenic aspect of the other. Several close homologues of Bcl-2 also enhance cell survival and are thus potential oncogenes; each is essential for maintenance of particular major organs. More distant Bcl-2 relatives instead promote apoptosis and can be regarded as tumor suppressors. For many but not all apoptic signals, the balance between these competing activities determines cell survival. Learning how to adjust the apoptotic threshold in cancer cells should promote development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
MRI Compatible Robot Systems for Medical Intervention (2010)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive medical imaging tool that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. It offers excellent visualization of softtissue in any imaging plane without using of iodinated contrast agent or ionizing radiation. In addition to anatomical morphology, MRI can also provide functional information. With novel fast imaging technologies, MRI became an imaging tool for guiding and monitoring various interventions and biopsy procedures on various organs including the brain, breast, prostate, liver and spine High performance magnetic field gradients, multi-channel receivers, and advanced reconstruction systems improve the clinical applicability of real time MRI procedures (Nayak et al.,
Photodecomposition of pyrethrin I, allethrin, phthalthrin, and dimethrin. Modifications in the acid moiety (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotodecomposition of pyrethrin I, allethrin, phthalthrin, and dimethrin. Modifications in the acid moietyYuh-Lin Chen and John E. CasidaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1969, 17, 2, 208–215Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60162a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60162a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A dynamic-encryption authentication scheme for M2M security in cyber-physical systems (2013)

Machine to machine (M2M) communication is the technology that utilizes both wireless and wired systems to monitor physical or environmental conditions and exchange the information among different systems without direct human intervention. In the future cyber-physical system, M2M will play a very important role in data collecting. While being a promising technology, M2M communication still faces lots of security threats. There are some security vulnerabilities that yet to be solved. In this paper, we propose a dynamic-encryption authentication scheme, by which a mobile device could be authenticated by the network and a shared one-time-password could be generated. The security analysis shows that the proposed scheme could withstand Man-in-the-Middle attacks, impersonation attacks, reply attacks and DoS attacks. Our scheme is also formally verified.
Analysis of the oligosaccharides on the HLA-DR and DC1 B cell antigens. (1983)

The types of N-linked oligosaccharides on the HLA-DR and DC1 antigens were determined by their sensitivity to endoglycosidase H or endoglycosidase D. The DR and DC1 heavy chains each have two carbohydrate moieties, one high-mannose and one complex-type glycan. The DR and DC1 light chains have one complex-type oligosaccharide. During the biosynthesis of the DR antigens, the oligosaccharides on both subunits are initially high-mannose-type glycans, as has been found for other membrane glycoproteins. The light chain oligosaccharide and one of the two heavy chain carbohydrates are later processed to complex-type glycans. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation with tunicamycin does not inhibit chain association of the DR and DC1 subunits, transport to the cell surface, or expression of the alloantigenic determinants.
Induction of preadipocyte differentiation by mature fat cells in the rat. (1989)

In this study we investigated the influence of mature adipocytes, derived from rat adipose tissue, on the replication and differentiation of preadipocytes in primary culture. Mature fat did not inhibit preadipocyte replication within the 6-d period studied. Preadipocyte differentiation, as assessed by both cytoplasmic lipid accretion and an increase in glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, was significantly stimulated by the presence of mature fat tissue or isolated adipocytes. The proportion of cells containing visible lipid droplets by oil red O staining was 47 +/- 10 to 58 +/- 10% (depending on the site of origin of the preadipocytes) when cocultured with mature fat compared with less than 1 to 2 +/- 1% when cultured in medium alone, while GPDH activity was 344 +/- 9 compared with 43 +/- 3 nM NADH/min per mg protein, respectively. This effect was not due to release of triacylglycerols from damaged adipocytes. Fatty acids added to the medium promoted lipid accumulation but did not stimulate a rise in GPDH activity. We concluded that mature adipocytes may release factor(s) that promote preadipocyte differentiation (and maturation).