gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CyTargetLinker: A Cytoscape App to Integrate Regulatory Interactions in Network Analysis (2013)

CyTargetLinker provides a simple and extensible framework for biologists and bioinformaticians to integrate different regulatory interactions into their network analysis approaches. Visualization options enable biological interpretation of complex regulatory networks in a graphical way. Importantly the incorporation of our tool into the Cytoscape framework allows the application of CyTargetLinker in combination with a wide variety of other apps for state-of-the-art network analysis.
Estrogen replacement therapy at menopause (1994)

Bone loss and cardiovascular disease are the most important complications of menopause. Because estrogen has been shown to prevent bone loss and also reduce fracture rates in menopausal women, the authors recommend early replacement therapy. They also examine evidence that estrogen replacement may offer these women protection from cardiovascular disease and discuss the risks of estrogen-related endometrial and breast cancer.
Regulatory subunit type I‐α of protein kinase A (<i>PRKAR1A</i>): A tumor‐suppressor gene for sporadic thyroid cancer (2002)

The tumor-suppressor gene encoding the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A type I-alpha regulatory subunit PRKAR1A has been mapped to chromosome 17 (17q22-24) and is mutated in Carney complex, a familial neoplasia syndrome that is associated with thyroid tumors. Other genes implicated in cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling have been investigated in thyroid tumorigenesis. We studied protein kinase A (PKA) activity in noninherited follicular thyroid adenomas and follicular, papillary, and undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinomas. We then examined these and additional thyroid tumors for losses of the 17q22-24 PRKAR1A region, mutations of the PRKAR1A gene, and expression of its peptide product. Total PKA activity was markedly increased in carcinomas over that in adenomas, whereas the ratio of free vs. total PKA activity was decreased in cancer. Consistent with these findings, the 17q22-24 region was frequently lost in cancer but not in benign adenomas. A novel inactivating mutation of the PRKAR1A gene (leading to premature termination of the predicted protein) was found in an aggressive thyroid cancer. The tumor with PRKAR1A gene mutation, as well as the tumors with 17q allelic losses, showed decreased PRKAR1A expression by immunostaining. We conclude that PRKAR1A, the most abundant regulatory subunit of protein kinase A and a principal cyclic AMP-signaling modulator, acts as a tumor-suppressor gene in sporadic thyroid cancer. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cr<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>24.5</sub>O<sub>62</sub> Nanowires with High Electronic Conductivity for High-Rate and Long-Life Lithium-Ion Storage (2017)

Intercalation-type TiNb<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2+2.5x</sub> (x = 2, 5, and 24) anode materials have recently become more interesting for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their large theoretical capacities of 388-402 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>. However, the Ti<sup>4+</sup>/Nb<sup>5+</sup> ions in TiNb<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2+2.5x</sub> with empty 3d/4d orbitals usually lead to extremely low electronic conductivity of <10<sup>-9</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup>, greatly restricting their practical capacity and rate capability. Herein, we report a class of highly conductive Cr<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>24.5</sub>O<sub>62</sub> nanowires as an intercalation-type anode material for high-performance LIBs. The as-made Cr<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>24.5</sub>O<sub>62</sub> nanowires show an open shear ReO<sub>3</sub> crystal structure (C2 space group) with 4% tetrahedra and a conducting characteristic with ultrahigh electronic conductivity of 3.6 × 10<sup>-2</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> and a large Li<sup>+</sup>-ion diffusion coefficient of 2.19 × 10<sup>-13</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. These important characteristics make them deliver outstanding electrochemical properties in term of the largest reversible capacity (344 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.1 C) in all the known niobium- and titanium-based anode materials, safe working potential (∼1.65 V vs Li/Li<sup>+</sup>), high first-cycle Coulombic efficiency (90.8%), superior rate capability (209 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 30 C), and excellent cycling stability, making them among the best for LIBs in niobium- and titanium-based anode materials.
Experimental realization of broadband tunable resonators based on anisotropic metafluids (2011)

This letter demonstrates the mechanical tuning of modes confined in two-dimensional acoustic cavities based on anisotropic metafluids. The employed metafluids have been designed with effective parameters such that the radial component of the sound speed tensor keeps constant and the acoustic impedance remains finite along the tuning. It is shown that mode frequencies can be mechanically down shifted to extremely low values. Experiments confirm the model predictions and let us to conclude that this type of resonators can be employed for the miniaturization of standard resonators based on isotropic fluids such as air.
Atomic-Scale Investigation of Defects, Dopants, and Lithium Transport in the LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Olivine-Type Battery Material (2005)

Key issues relating to intrinsic defects, dopant incorporation, and lithium ion migration in the LiFePO4 electrode material have been investigated using well-established atomistic modeling techniques. Our simulation model shows good reproduction of the observed olivine-type structure of LiFePO4. The most favorable intrinsic defect is the Li−Fe “anti-site” pair in which a Li ion (on the M1 site) and an Fe ion (on the M2 site) are interchanged. This type of anti-site defect or “intersite exchange” has been observed in olivine silicates. The lowest Li migration energy is found for the pathway along the [010] channel, with a nonlinear, curved trajectory between adjacent Li sites. Trends in dopant substitution energetics of a range of cations with charges varying from +2 to +5 are also examined. Low favorable energies are found only for divalent dopants on the Fe site (such as Mn), which is in accord with experimental work. Our results suggest that, on energetic grounds, LiFePO4 is not tolerant to aliovalent doping (e.g., Al, Ga, Zr, Ti, Nb, Ta) on either Li (M1) or Fe (M2) sites.
Analyses of Grounded and Ungrounded Photovoltaic Power Systems (1994)

Photovoltaic (PV) modules and photovoltaic balance of systems equipment are designed, manufactured, and marketed internationally. Each country or group Of countries has a set of electrical safety codes, either in place or evolving, that guide and regulate the design and installation of PV power systems. A basic difference in these codes is that some require hard (low-resistance) grounding (the United States and Canada) and others opt for an essentially ungrounded system (Europe and Japan). The significant design and safety issues that exist between the two grounding concepts affect the international PV industry`s ability to economically and effectively design and market safe, reliable, and durable PV systems in the global market place. This paper will analyze the technical and safety benefits, penalties, and costs of both grounded arid ungrounded PV systems. The existing grounding practice in several typical countries will be addressed.
Rh-Catalyzed Transannulation of <i>N</i>-Tosyl-1,2,3-Triazoles with Terminal Alkynes (2011)

The first transannulation of 1,2,3-triazoles with terminal alkynes into pyrroles is reported. The reaction proceeds in the presence of a Rh(2)(oct)(4)/AgOCOCF(3) binary catalyst system providing a straightforward approach to 1,2,4-trisubstituted pyrroles in good to excellent yields.
A Framework to Assist Acute Stroke Diagnosis (2005)

In this paper, we present a framework developed to assist and support treatment and diagnosis of acute stroke patients. We propose to substitute the current clinical study based on manual image editing and manual segmentation of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) by an integrated framework with registration, segmentation, manipulation and visualization strategies specifically designed for the DWI/PWI processing. We describe a robust and accurate technique to register DWI/PWI data which uses an acceleration strategy based on uniformly distributed random lines that reduces considerably the processing time. We also propose a segmentation method based on PWI-DWI fused data to detect stroke and hypoperfusion areas that reduces the manual intervention of radiologist. With our approach, the clinical study of an acute stroke patient is reduced from 15/20 minutes to 5 minutes, including the manual editing.
Light-Controlled Alignment of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals on Photosensitive Materials (2006)

Abstract We report on investigation of photoalignment of cholesteric liquid crystal on phenylone-based photosensitive material as aligning layer. We found that reflective and electro-optical characteristics of cholesteric cells strongly depended on the dose of irradiation of a photoaligning layer with polarized UV light. Irradiation resulted in orientation of initially chaotically oriented planar domains in a direction determined with incident UV-light polarization and in narrowing of the dependence of light scattering by a planar structure on the scattering angle. The long enough exposure resulted in scattering and electro-optical characteristics not worse than obtained with standard rubbing technology. The photosensitive orientant possesses evident advantages of the effective control of cholesteric textures. Keywords: cholesteric liquid crystalselectro-optical switchingphotoalignment Acknowledgments The authors are very thankful to V. Reshetnyak for useful discussions. The work was partially by 21st Century Frontier R&D Program, "Next Generation Display Technology Development" funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea.
Competing Structural Influences in the Li Superionic Conducting Argyrodites Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5–<i>x</i></sub>Se<i><sub><i>x</i></sub></i>Br (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 1) upon Se Substitution (2018)

Lithium-ion conducting argyrodites have recently attracted significant interest as solid electrolytes for solid-state battery applications. In order to enhance the utility of materials in this class, a deeper understanding of the fundamental structure-property relationships is still required. Using Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffraction data and pair distribution function analysis of neutron diffraction data, coupled with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and speed of sound measurements, the structure and transport properties within Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5- x</sub>Se <sub>x</sub>Br (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been monitored with increasing Se content. While it has been previously suggested that the incorporation of larger, more polarizable anions within the argyrodite lattice should lead to enhancements in the ionic conductivity, the Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5- x</sub>Se <sub>x</sub>Br transport behavior was found to be largely unaffected by the incorporation of Se<sup>2-</sup> due to significant structural modifications to the anion sublattice. This work affirms the notion that, when optimizing the ionic conductivity of solid ion conductors, local structural influences cannot be ignored and the idea of "the softer the lattice, the better" does not always hold true.
FLUE-GAS RECIRCULATION WORKS FOR PACKAGED BOILERS, TOO (1990)

The use of flue-gas recirculation for the control of nitrogen oxides has worked successfully for large utility and industrial boilers. It is told how the technique is now being extended to small firetube and watertube units. Two different burner designs that can be used to introduce the recirculated flue gas are described,and the equipment modifications and system control panel that are required are discussed.
Resonance and supergain effects in small ferromagnetically or dielectrically loaded biconical antennas (1959)

The input impedance and the radiation pattern of thin biconical antennas which contain materials of high dielectric permittivity <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\epsilon</tex> and high magnetic permeability <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mu</tex> can be evaluated by methods due to Schelkunoff and Tai. Examination of numerical results shows that resonances of the input impedance are obtainable for antenna lengths much shorter than that of the ordinary half-wave dipole. It becomes also apparent, however, that the impedance bandwidth at these resonances is narrow and decreases with increasing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\epsilon</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mu</tex> . Analysis of the pertinent equations leads to the following conclusions concerning radiation patterns: 1) The pattern of an antenna which is small in terms of free-space wavelengths <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda</tex> and is also small in terms of material wavelengths, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda/\sqrt{\mu\epsilon}</tex> , is essentially that of a small current element in air; 2) If the biconical antenna is small in terms of free-space wavelengths, but is large in terms of material wavelengths the radiation pattern is also that of a small current element, except in certain well defined and very narrow frequency bands where multilobe or narrow lobe patterns appear. A similar "supergain" effect has been noted by Knudsen [33] in his discussion of small loops which carry currents of varying phase.
[In situ analysis of distribution of immunocompetent cells in tumor's local draining lymph nodes]. (2006)

The dynamic change of the ICCs in LDLN implied that immune response of tumor bearing host tends to be inhibited with the progress of tumors.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of dimemorfan on inflammatory cells and LPS‐induced endotoxin shock in mice (2008)

Our results suggest that dimemorfan acts via sigma1 receptor-independent mechanisms to modulate intracellular calcium increase, NOX activity, and NF-kappaB signalling, resulting in inhibition of iNOS expression and NO production, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These effects may contribute its anti-inflammatory action and protective effects against endotoxin shock in mice.
Intestinal absorption of 14C-labelled beta-cyclodextrin in rats. (1980)

beta-Cyclodextrin and glucose labelled universally by 14C was administered orally to rats and blood radioactivity level was followed. In the case of glucose about 20% of the administered radioactivity, related to 10 ml blood was to be found and this appeared in the blood within 10 min following the oral administration. In the case of beta-cyclodextrin maximum 5% of the administered activity could be found in blood, and even this only 4 to 10 h following administration. Presumably, beta-cyclodextrin cannot be absorbed either from the stomach or from the small intestine, only the labelled open-chain dextrins and glucose formed from cyclodextrins on amylase action. Therefore it is very likely that the orally administered beta-cyclodextrin cannot provoke toxic symptoms.
Spore resistance and ultra heat treatment processes (1994)

Journal Article Spore resistance and ultra heat treatment processes Get access K.L. Brown K.L. Brown Food Hygiene Department, Campden Food and Drink Research Association, Chipping Campden, Glos, UK Food Hygiene Department, Campden Food and Drink Research Association, Chipping Campden, Glos GL55 6LD, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Volume 76, Issue S23, 1 June 1994, Pages 67S–80S, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb04359.x Published: 01 June 1994
Infrared second harmonic generation spectroscopy of Ge(111) interfaces (2003)

Infrared second harmonic generation (IR-SHG) spectroscopy, an extension of spectroscopic SHG to the IR, is described and applied to the investigation of germanium–dielectric interfaces in the spectral region near the direct and indirect band gap of the bulk semiconductor. The spectrum of the Ge(111)–GeO2 interface, in the 1100–2000 nm fundamental wavelength range, is dominated by a resonance at 590 nm. This feature is assigned to the direct Γ25&gt;Γ2 transition between valence and conduction band states. Polarization and azimuth dependent IR-SHG spectroscopy revealed that the anisotropic contribution, containing bulk quadrupole, ξ, and surface, ∂11, nonlinear susceptibility terms, dominates the 590 nm resonance. S-termination of Ge(111) significantly modifies the interface nonlinear optical response. The IR-SHG spectrum of S–Ge(111) presents a new, possibly surface resonance at ∼565 nm, in addition to the resonance inherent to the bulk Ge at 590 nm, tentatively assigned to an interband transition of Ge atoms associated with the surface.
The Nonlocal<i>p</i>‐Laplacian Evolution for Image Interpolation (2011)

This paper presents an image interpolation model with nonlocal p ‐Laplacian regularization. The nonlocal p ‐Laplacian regularization overcomes the drawback of the partial differential equation (PDE) proposed by Belahmidi and Guichard (2004) that image density diffuses in the directions pointed by local gradient. The grey values of images diffuse along image feature direction not gradient direction under the control of the proposed model, that is, minimal smoothing in the directions across the image features and maximal smoothing in the directions along the image features. The total regularizer combines the advantages of nonlocal p ‐Laplacian regularization and total variation (TV) regularization (preserving discontinuities and 1D image structures). The derived model efficiently reconstructs the real image, leading to a natural interpolation, with reduced blurring and staircase artifacts. We present experimental results that prove the potential and efficacy of the method.
Blind Cycle-Slip Detection and Correction for Coherent Communication Systems (2013)

We propose a blind cycle-slip detection and correction(CS-DC) technique based on locating the minimum of the sliding average of twice estimated phase noise ej2φ̂. Simulation results demonstrate a residual CS probability of 2×10-7 even in highly nonlinear systems.
A review of adjustable lenses for head mounted displays (2017)

Adjustable lens technology has the potential to improve Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) through style and comfort by providing optical prescription correction and focussing mechanisms integrated within the HMD. It can also reduce simulator sickness and user experience of 3D through resolution of Vergence Accommodation Conflict, and age-related user problems (presbyopia). We review the available technology and the design constraints to show how a fluid filled lens may be appropriate for AR and MR, and an Alvarez lens may be appropriate for VR.
Test point insertion based on path tracing (2002)

This paper presents an innovative method for inserting test points in the circuit-under-test to obtain complete fault coverage for a specified set of test patterns. Rather than using probabilistic techniques for test point placement, a path tracing procedure is used to place both control and observation points. Rather than adding extra scan elements to drive the control points, a few of the existing primary inputs to the circuit are ANDed together to form signals that drive the control points. By selecting which patterns the control point is activated for, the effectiveness of each control point is maximized. A comparison is made with the best previously published results for other test point insertion methods, and it is shown that the proposed method requires fewer test points and less overhead to achieve the same or better fault coverage.
2.2.5.5-Tetraorganyl-1.4-dioxa-2.5-disilacyclohexane/2,2,5,5-Tetraorganyl-1,4-dioxa-2,5-disilacyclohexanes (1983)

Abstract The 2,2,5,5-tetraorganyl-1,4-dioxa-2,5-disilacyclohexanes 2a-2c were prepared by condensation of the corresponding (hydroxymethyl)diorganylsilanes 1 a-1 c. The constitution of the heterocycles was confirmed by elemental analyses, cryoscopic measurements, mass spectrometry, and NMR-spectroscopic ( 1 H, 13 C) investigations. The molecular structure of 2 b was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Crowdsourcing in Media (2014)

This paper is a preliminary review of the role and importance of crowdsourcing in contemporary media, especially in the context of journalism. Following Howe (2008), we distinguish between four crowdsourcing strategies: 1) Crowd Wisdom, 2) Crowd Creation, 3) Crowd Voting, and 4) Crowd Funding. Based on the literature, we describe the origin and the rise of crowdsourcing. We also present and discuss approaches and experiences in crowdsourcing.
<i>In vivo</i>transcranial cavitation threshold detection during ultrasound-induced blood–brain barrier opening in mice (2010)

The in vivo cavitation response associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening as induced by transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) in conjunction with microbubbles was studied in order to better identify the underlying mechanism in its noninvasive application. A cylindrically focused hydrophone, confocal with the FUS transducer, was used as a passive cavitation detector (PCD) to identify the threshold of inertial cavitation (IC) in the presence of Definity® microbubbles (mean diameter range: 1.1-3.3 µm, Lantheus Medical Imaging, MA, USA). A vessel phantom was first used to determine the reliability of the PCD prior to in vivo use. A cerebral blood vessel was simulated by generating a cylindrical channel of 610 µm in diameter inside a polyacrylamide gel and by saturating its volume with microbubbles. The microbubbles were sonicated through an excised mouse skull. Second, the same PCD setup was employed for in vivo noninvasive (i.e. transdermal and transcranial) cavitation detection during BBB opening. After the intravenous administration of Definity® microbubbles, pulsed FUS was applied (frequency: 1.525 or 1.5 MHz, peak-rarefactional pressure: 0.15-0.60 MPa, duty cycle: 20%, PRF: 10 Hz, duration: 1 min with a 30 s interval) to the right hippocampus of twenty-six (n = 26) mice in vivo through intact scalp and skull. T1 and T2-weighted MR images were used to verify the BBB opening. A spectrogram was generated at each pressure in order to detect the IC onset and duration. The threshold of BBB opening was found to be at a 0.30 MPa peak-rarefactional pressure in vivo. Both the phantom and in vivo studies indicated that the IC pressure threshold had a peak-rarefactional amplitude of 0.45 MPa. This indicated that BBB opening may not require IC at or near the threshold. Histological analysis showed that BBB opening could be induced without any cellular damage at 0.30 and 0.45 MPa. In conclusion, the cavitation response could be detected without craniotomy in mice and IC may not be required for BBB opening at relatively low pressures.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Subunit Vaccines: Development, Components, and Research Opportunities (2013)

Abstract Review: ca. 200 refs.
Improvement of Carrot Stands with Plant Biostimulants and Fluid Drilling (1990)

We determined if application of certain naturally occurring compounds would stimulate emergence, growth, and development of carrot (Daucus carota L.). The commercially available biostimulants Agro-Lig, Enersol (humic acids), and Ergostim (folic acid) were added at a concentration of 1.5% (w/v) to Laponite 508 (magnesium sulfate) gel used in fluid drilling. Agro-Lig, Enersol and Ergostim increased carrot emergence > 2-fold as measured by number of roots as compared to untreated seed. Number of carrots increased 50% to 75% when biostimulants were incorporated into the gel, compared to fluid-drilled seed without the biostimulants. When biostimulants were applied as a drench over untreated seeds sown conventionally, the average root weight obtained was more than twice that from untreated seeds.