gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving glycemic control: cornerstone in the treatment of patients with multiple metabolic risk factors. (2009)

The control of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels is crucial to the successful treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glycemic control is a cornerstone for reducing end-organ disease, and HbA(1c) is the benchmark for defining glucose control over long durations. The author reviews available information from published clinical trials regarding the benefits of tight glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). He notes that published data support the use of tight glucose control for reducing risks of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in both patients with T1DM and patients with T2DM. He also notes that early aggressive insulin management of younger individuals with T1DM led to reductions in the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and death. However, published data do not clearly support benefits of tight glucose control for the prevention of cardiovascular events in older patients with long-standing T2DM. The author also reviews recommended treatments for achieving and maintaining glycemic control in patients. He concludes that the most successful treatment requires that physicians encourage patients to actively participate in the management of their own disease, and that physicians provide patients with opportunities to learn the cornerstones of effective therapy.
Shear thickening in colloidal dispersions (2009)

Shampoos, paints, cements, and soft body armor that stiffens under impact are just a few of the materials whose rheology is due to the change in viscosity that occurs when colloidal fluids experience shear stress.
Optical reflective filter with comb-drive nickel micromirror for optical fiber communication (2002)

A novel nickel micromirror with an electrostatic comb-drive actuator has been developed. It is fabricated by nickel surface micromachining, which features a thick photoresist molding process and nickel electroplating. It has a precise controllability and a wide tuning range. As an example of an application to optical communications, an optical reflective filter, which is an etalon constructed of a flat-end optical fiber facet and the micromirror, is demonstrated.
CLUSTER: An Unsupervised Algorithm for Modeling Gaussian Mixtures (2014)

Charles A. Bouman School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47906 bouman@ecn.purdue.edu (765) 494-0340 http://www.ece.purdue.edu/~bouman Version 2 April 1997 Version 3 September 1998 Version 3.2 December 1999; May 2000 manpage update Version 3.3 September 2000 manpage update Version 3.4 October 2001 manpage update Version 3.6.4 July 2005 manpage update
Recombination During Gene Transfer into Mouse Cells Can Restore the Function of Deleted Genes (1983)

Two plasmids containing nonoverlapping deletions of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene were introduced into thymidine kinase-deficient mouse L cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer. Thymidine kinase-producing transformants were generated by a mixture of the two plasmids at a frequency significantly greater than that generated by either plasmid alone. Southern blot analyses demonstrated that functional thymidine kinase genes were generated by homologous recombination between the two deletion mutants.
Quantum dot photonic-crystal-slab nanocavities: Quality factors and lasing (2005)

Emission linewidths of quantum dot photonic-crystal-slab nanocavities are measured as a function of temperature and fabrication parameters with low-power and high-power, cw and pulsed, nonresonant excitation. The cavity linewidth is dominated by the absorption of the ensemble of quantum dots having a density of $\ensuremath{\cong}400∕\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$; above the absorption edge, the cavity linewidth broadens considerably compared with the empty cavity linewidth. Gain and lasing are seen for high-power pumping; it is estimated that only a small number of quantum dots contributes to the lasing.
Forecasts of the Scottish economy [December 2003] (2003)

The outlook for the world economy remains promising with the US driving growth. There is also strong growth in the Far East particularly in China. An area of concern is the Euro Area, which remains depressed compared to other major economies. This is largely due to the situation in Germany. Forward indicators for the Euro Zone are improving suggesting that recovery will take place in 2004 but that trend growth will not be achieved until 2005. The UK economy continues to perform well. GDP data for the UK has been revised up (mainly due to the construction sector) and growth is forecast to be 2.0 per cent in 2003 and 2.6 per cent in 2004. There are some inflationary pressures in the economy. The Bank of England is concerned over household debt and a strong housing market. These were significant factors in their decision to raise the Bank of England interest rate in November to 3.75 per cent. The UK labour market remains buoyant with employment growth and low unemployment. We are forecasting that the UK will return to trend growth by 2004 and certainly by 2005. The latest Scottish GDP data were encouraging overall. Manufacturing is still experiencing problems but the service sector continues to grow at just below 3 per cent on an annual basis up to the second quarter of 2003. Within services transport and communication, financial services and real estate and business services are the strongest growing sectors. We are forecasting that Scottish GDP growth will be 1.3 per cent in 2003 and 2.1 per cent in 2004. In 2005 we forecast growth of 2.3 per cent.
Effect of long-term treatment with low doses of the LHRH antagonist Cetrorelix on pituitary receptors for LHRH and gonadal axis in male and female rats (2004)

Our previous studies showed that treatment of female rats with large doses of Cetrorelix, an antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), reduces levels of serum LH, estradiol, progesterone, and the concentration of pituitary LHRH receptors (LHRH-Rs) and their mRNA expression. Serum LH and testosterone levels and pituitary LHRH-R in male rats are also decreased by high doses of Cetrorelix. This approach can be used for therapy of sex hormone-dependent cancers. However, in conditions where an incomplete hormone deprivation is indicated, lower doses of Cetrorelix may suffice. Thus, we investigated the effect of a 30-day treatment with a low-dose depot formulation of Cetrorelix (20-24 microg per kg per day) on the pituitary-gonadal axis of male and female rats. In both sexes, lower serum LH levels were observed on day 4 after administration. In males, LH returned to control levels by day 10, whereas in females, a rebound LH elevation occurred. Testosterone levels in male rats were decreased up to day 20, but on day 30, the values were similar to controls. In females, serum estradiol was reduced on day 4; however, by day 10 it returned to normal. Progesterone levels were diminished through the entire period. Female rats showed diestrous smears during the first week of treatment and prolonged estrous periods thereafter. The weights of testes and ovaries were significantly lower, but not the weights of prostate, seminal vesicles, and uterus. Pituitary LHRH-R mRNA and LHRH-R protein levels were not significantly different from the controls. Thus, the treatment with low doses of Cetrorelix did not seriously impair gonadal functions. The results suggest that Cetrorelix in low doses induces only a partial pituitary-gonadal inhibition and might be indicated for treatment of endometriosis, leiomyomas, and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Comm for Small Sats: The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) Communications Subsystem (2014)

September 6, 2013 through April 21, 2014 marked the mission lifecycle of the highly successful LADEE (Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer) mission that orbited the moon to gather detailed information about the thin lunar atmosphere. This paper will address the development, risks, and lessons learned regarding the specification, selection, and deployment of LADEE’s unique Radio Frequency based communications subsystem and supporting tools. This includes the Electronic Ground Support Equipment (EGSE), test regimes, and RF dynamic link analysis environment developed to meet mission requirements for small, flexible, low cost, high performance, fast turnaround, and reusable spacecraft communication capabilities with easy and reliable application to future similar low cost small satellite missions over widely varying needs for communications and communications system complexity. LADEE communication subsystem key components, architecture, and mission performance will be reviewed toward applicability for future mission planning, design, and utilization.
Nutritional consequences of bariatric surgery (2006)

Bariatric surgery can carry significant risk of nutritional complications. Compliance with dietary recommendations should be monitored and encouraged, with annual screening for selected deficiencies. Prospective longitudinal research is needed to identify the true prevalence and significance of nutritional deficiency in these patients and to determine optimum dietary recommendations.
Incomplete retention after direct myocardial injection (2002)

Direct intramyocardial injection may permit local delivery of protein and gene therapy agents for myocardial and coronary artery disease. Little is known about the immediate fate of materials administered via percutaneous endomyocardial catheters or via surgical epicardial injection. In this study, we use a novel method to evaluate the acute retention of agents injected directly into the myocardium, compare epicardial with the percutaneous endocardial and postmortem delivery, and evaluate the influence of injectate volume on myocardial retention. Fifteen 40-50 kg pigs underwent overlapping myocardial injections using a percutaneous endomyocardial catheter, an epicardial needle via an open chest, and epicardial needle postmortem. Multiple distinct 15 micro neutron-activated microsphere species were used as tracers. Two or three myocardial walls were injected in each animal using 3.5 mm, 27-28 gauge needles at varying injectate volumes. Animals were sacrificed immediately. Myocardial walls were divided and multiple microsphere species were quantified. In an additional study, nine 70 kg pigs underwent percutaneous endomyocardial injections with replication-deficient adenovirus encoding for the production of lac-Z. The injectate volume was varied, while the viral particle number remained constant. The animals were sacrificed 5 days after the percutaneous injections; the heart, liver, and spleen were collected for beta-galactosidase activity. Endomyocardial injection was associated with 43% +/- 15% microsphere retention, compared with 15% +/- 21% (P < 0.01) retention of open chest epicardial injection and 89% +/- 60% (P < 0.01) for postmortem injection. Reducing the injectate volume from 100 to 10 microL improved microsphere retention (P = 0.01). There was a trend toward improved viral transfection associated with smaller injection volumes. Despite direct intramyocardial administration, a significant fraction of injectate is not retained locally. Catheter-based needle endomyocardial injection is associated with equivalent or superior injectate retention compared with open chest epicardial injection. Proportionately, more injectate may be retained at lower volumes. Loss may involve a combination of channel leakage, venous, and lymphatic return.
Rapid endodontic management of type II dens invaginatus using an MTA plug: a case report (2012)

Dens invaginatus is an anomaly characterized by an infolding of enamel and dentin that can lead to caries and pulpal death while the tooth is still immature, and present difficulties with diagnosis and treatment. Generally such open apices are managed by long term apexifaction procedures. This article demonstrated rapid management of a maxillary lateral incisor having a type 2 dens invaginatus, necrotic pulp, open apex and very large periradicular lesion using calcium hydroxide for one week prior to placement of a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plug. After setting of the MTA, the remaining canal space was obturated using a warm vertical gutta percha technique. At 6 months follow-up the patient was asymptomatic, the lesion had almost entirely resolved, and, the root was already completely surrounded by bone.
Copepoda associated with West Indian Invertebrates – III The Genus Anthessius (Cyclopoida, Myicolidae) (1963)

For the identification of certain of the mollusks with which the copepods to be described were associated we wish to thank Dr. RUTH D. TURNER, Museum of Comparative ZoÃ¶logy, Harvard College, Cambridge, and Mr. C. J. VAN EEKEN, ZoÃ¶logisch Museum, Amsterdam. We also express our appreciation to Mr. J. A. VAN DREVELDT (Amsterdam) for his assistance in the preparation of the drawings of the last two species.\nThis study has been supported by grants from the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles (WOSUNA), Amsterdam, and from the National Science Foundation of the United States, Washington.
Decreased expression of DICER1 in gastric cancer (2007)

DICER1 expression is decreased during the progression of gastric cancer, especially in progressive gastric cancers, which indicating DICER1 may play an important role in the development of cancer and the epigenetical regulation involved.
Understanding physiology of wound healing and how dressings help (2000)

One of the most fascinating features of the human body is its ability to repair damaged tissue. When the skin is injured a complex process occurs. The natural healing process can be divided into four distinct stages: inflammatory, granulation, epithelization and maturation. This process can take up to 2 years. Brunner and Suddarth (1992) classified wound healing into three stages: primary; secondary; and tertiary. Many factors affect how long a wound will take to heal, e.g. concurrent illnesses, nutritional status and the dressing used. A holistic approach to wound care is the key, and if all the factors are not addressed then wound healing will not prevail.
Accounting Public Practice and Employee Job Satisfaction Today: Professional Values, Organisational Commitment and Employee Intention to Turnover in Accounting Firms (2006)

This study evaluates two of the most pressing issues facing public practice in Australia today - the growing gap in the importance placed on professional values by public practice accounting firms, and the effect of this gap on job satisfaction, organisational commitment and employee intention to turnover. The results of this study clearly show that there is a perceived gap in professional values that is associated with lower levels of both organisational commitment and job satisfaction for public practice accountants. The alignment of these results and those of previous researchers that show job satisfaction and organisational commitment are associated with increased intentions to turnover is an early-warning signal to accounting practice managers. Employees seem prepared to take action if there is a perceived gap in professional values with their employers.
Adjacent Segment Disease FollowingLumbar/Thoracolumbar Fusion With Pedicle Screw Instrumentation (2007)

Patients over the age of 50 were at higher risk of developing clinical ASD than those 50 years old or younger. Length of fusion was a significant risk factor in the development of ASD in the lumbar spine. Fusion up to L1-L3 increased the risk of ASD when compared with L4 and L5. Circumferential fusion, as opposed to posterolateral fusion, was not a statistically significant risk factor for the development of ASD.
Bar codes and the clinical laboratory: adaptation perspectives. (1992)

This paper provides an overview of the functional capabilities of bar-code technology within the laboratory environment and assesses the problems and solutions encountered during its introduction in our laboratory. An idea of the potential costs and personnel savings is offered, demonstrating that we have saved an entire full-time equivalent (FTE) medical technologist in clinical chemistry with an associated improvement in the accuracy of patient identification and a marked improvement in turnaround time for both chemistry and hematology routine procedures. We have estimated the savings of two FTE medical technologists while improving service and accuracy. Hardware costs should be recovered in 2 years.
Recent developments in carbon dioxide utilization under mild conditions (2010)

The use of carbon dioxide as a renewable and environmentally friendly source of carbon is highly attractive. This article focuses on recent developments in important new reactions and new catalysts for homogeneous CO(2) transformations under mild reaction conditions. Other than traditional organometallic catalysts, organocatalysts have also been applied in the chemical conversion of CO(2) and have demonstrated very promising ability in this field. As the coupling of epoxides with CO(2) to form cyclic carbonates or polycarbonates has been well documented, it will be excluded from this article.
Balanced lattice-ladder bandpass filter in bulk acoustic wave technology (2004)

We present a highly selective balanced bandpass filter based on solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave (BAW) technology. The filter consists of four BAW resonators electrically coupled in lattice topology cascaded with three BAW resonators in balanced ladder topology and is fabricated as chip scale package suitable for flip-chip assembly. Impedance transformation from 50 /spl Omega/ to 150 /spl Omega/ is realized. The small size, low in-band insertion loss, sharp roll-off and high stop-band rejection make this filter an ideal choice as Rx filter in wireless communication applications at 2 GHz.
Estimating Available Bandwidth Using Packet Pair Probing (2002)

Abstract : The packet pair mechanism has been shown to be a reliable method to measure the bottle-neck link bandwidth of a network path. However, the use of packet pairs to measure available bandwidth has had more mixed results. In this paper, we study how packet pairs and packet trains can be used to estimate the available bandwidth on a network path. As a starting point for our study, we construct the gap model, a simple model that captures the relationship between the competing traffic and the input and output packet pair gap for a single hop network. We validate the model using measurements on a testbed. The gap model shows that the initial probing gap is a critical parameter when using packet pairs to estimate available bandwidth. Based on this insight, we propose a new technique to measure the available bandwidth -- the Initial Gap Increasing (IGI) algorithm, which experimentally determines the best initial gap for measuring available bandwidth. Our experiments show that measurements that take 4-6 round trip times allow us to estimate the available bandwidth to within about 10%.
Aberrant pathogenic GM-CSF <sup>+</sup> T cells and inflammatory CD14 <sup>+</sup> CD16 <sup>+</sup> monocytes in severe pulmonary syndrome patients of a new coronavirus (2020)

Pathogenic human coronavirus infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), cause high morbidity and mortality 1,2 . Recently, a severe pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome caused by a new coronavirus was reported at December 2019 (2019-nCoV) in the city Wuhan, Hubei province, China 3–5 , which was also named as pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome (PARS) 6 . Up to 9th of February 2020, at least 37, 251 cases have been reported with 812 fatal cases according to the report from China CDC. However, the immune mechanism that potential orchestrated acute mortality from patients of 2019-nCoV is still unknown. Here we show that after the 2019-nCoV infection, CD4 + T lymphocytes are rapidly activated to become pathogenic T helper (Th) 1 cells and generate GM-CSF etc. The cytokines environment induces inflammatory CD14 + CD16 + monocytes with high expression of IL-6 and accelerates the inflammation. These aberrant and excessive immune cells may enter the pulmonary circulation in huge numbers and play an immune damaging role to causing lung functional disability and quick mortality. Our results demonstrate that excessive non-effective host immune responses by pathogenic T cells and inflammatory monocytes may associate with severe lung pathology. Therefore, we suggest that monoclonal antibody that targets the GM-CSF or interleukin 6 receptor may potentially curb immunopathology caused by 2019-nCoV and consequently win more time for virus clearance.
Three-dimensional growth mechanism of cosmo-mimetic carbon microcoils obtained by chemical vapor deposition (1999)

Cosmo-mimetic carbon microcoils with a three-dimensional helical/spiral structure similar to deoxynucleic acid, having coil diameters of 3–6 μm and coil lengths of 5–8 mm could be obtained by the catalytic pyrolysis of acetylene. A three-dimensional growth model of the carbon coils, based on the anisotropy for the carbon deposition among three crystal faces, is proposed. The microcoiling morphology is formed by the rotation of a Ni catalyst grain, from which six fibers grow and coalesce with each other, followed by the formation of two fibers, and these two fibers entwine in the same direction and at the same speed of about one cycle per second around the coil axis.
Fully integrated AC coupled interconnect using buried bumps (2006)

Demonstrated is the fully integrated chip and package technology proposed in ACCI. ACCI provides power and ground distribution by using a buried solder bump, and data transmission through capacitors formed between the chip and package.
Strain-dependent electrical resistance of tin-doped indium oxide on polymer substrates (2000)

The increase in sheet resistance of indium–tin–oxide (ITO) films on polyethylene terephthalate with increasing tensile strain is reported. The increase in resistance is related to the number of cracks in the conducting layer which depends upon applied strain and film thickness. We propose a simple model that describes the finite but increasing resistance in the cracked ITO layer in terms of a small volume of conducting material within each crack.
A Model For The Nearly Single Lobed Far-Field In A Diode Array Traveling-Wave Amplifier (1988)

A model is presented to explain some of the optical properties of traveling-wave amplifiers made from gain-guided diode laser arrays. The model describes the amplifier as a complex volume diffraction grating with the grating period being the array period. The volume grating has an aperture limited by the width of the array. Experimental measurements of' the far-field pattern and the diffraction efficiency into the side-lobes as a function of the incident angle of the injected signal are compared to calculations based on the model. Good fits are obtained to both sets of experimental data with only gain and refractive index modulation as parameters. New data are presented for the diffraction efficiency of the volume grating as a function of the current to the amplifier. These data are fit to this same model using the same parameters and assuming that the gain and index modulation at each current are proportional to the measured gain at the same current less the value of the gain at zero current. The implications of this model to amplifiers and lasers will be discussed.