gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic algorithm pipe network optimization: The next generation in distribution system analysis (1996)

A distribution system can be analyzed using either model-simulation programs or system-optimization programs. Simulation programs determine heads and flow at all nodes and pipe in the network. Optimization programs determine pipe sizes, pump heads, or pipe locations that optimize a particular objective, usually the lowest-cost solution.
Experimental investigations of mode group diversity multiplexing on multimode fibre (2006)

We present experimentally the possibility of mode multiplexing using two launch positions and successful demultiplexing using two detection areas in order to double the data rate from 10 Gb/s to 20 Gb/s over multimode fibre.
Charge‐Discharge Behavior of Polyacetylene Electrodes (1985)

The charge‐discharge and open‐circuit behavior of polyacetylene electrodes, p‐doped with , is examined. Discharge curves for controlled current are interpreted quantitatively in terms of a model involving slow dopant diffusion and slow discharge at the polymer/electrolyte interface. The open‐circuit potential is measured as a function of mean dopant level. It is shown that, due to the slow dopant diffusion, no steady‐state potentials are attained. The coulombic efficiency of pristine polyacetylene electrodes in identical states of doping is determined as a function of discharge current. Discrepancies among results of different authors are related to different dopant states near the polymer surface. A quantitative relationship between efficiency and current is derived which is shown to be valid for small polarizations and short discharge times.
Identification of Two Proteins Encoded by the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4</i> Gene (1984)

We placed the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 gene under control of the galactose regulatory system by fusing it to the S. cerevisiae GAL1 promoter. After induction with galactose, GAL4 is now transcribed at about 1,000-fold higher levels than in wild-type S. cerevisiae. This regulated high-level expression has enabled us to tentatively identify two GAL4-encoded proteins.
Modular Reconstruction Systems – Final Solution for Critical Bone Defects Treatment (2018)

Abstract Introduction. The management of critical bone defects has experienced an unprecedented improvement in the last few decades. A good primary mechanical stability and versatility of the modular reconstruction systems allowed the conversion to universal setups and the expansion of indication. The progression and reliability of the reconstruction possibilities available nowadays are outlined using the experience of our department. Material and method. A retrospective review of critical bone defect cases and the reconstruction management using endoprosthetic systems is presented. Ten reconstruction surgeries performed in the last 18 months in our department were observed. The patients were 3 males and 7 females with a mean age of 45.3 (range 19 to 75). Modular systems were used for the reconstruction of bone defects subsequent to resections of benign or malignant musculoskeletal tumors (76%) and to non-neoplastic conditions (24%). Results. On the latest follow-up, all the patients were alive, with one case of tumoral recurrence. No aseptic loosening, soft tissue or structural failure were recorded following surgery, with one case under treatment for infection after it required an open procedure for a prosthetic hip dislocation. The early functional results were adequate in all cases, with good secondary stability and satisfactory quality of life. Conclusion. The evolution of endoprosthetic reconstruction surgery has improved the prognosis for many patients diagnosed with critical bone defects. Continuous advances in implant design, fixation, and soft tissue attachment combined with the improvement of surgical techniques will ensure a bright future for this type of procedures.
Delayed but not Early Treatment with DNase Reduces Organ Damage and Improves Outcome in a Murine Model of Sepsis (2015)

Sepsis is characterized by systemic activation of coagulation and inflammation in response to microbial infection. Although cell-free DNA (cfDNA) released from activated neutrophils has antimicrobial properties, it may also exert harmful effects by activating coagulation and inflammation. The authors aimed to determine whether deoxyribonuclease (DNase) administration reduces cfDNA levels, attenuates coagulation and inflammation, suppresses organ damage, and improves outcome in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of polymicrobial sepsis. Healthy C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to CLP, a surgical procedure involving two punctures of the ligated cecum, or sham surgery (no ligation/puncture). Mice were given DNase or saline by intraperitoneal injection 2, 4, or 6 h after surgery. Two hours after treatment, organs were harvested and plasma levels of cfDNA, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, lung myeloperoxidase, creatinine, alanine transaminase, and bacterial load were quantified. Survival studies were also performed. The CLP-operated mice had rapid time-dependent elevations in cfDNA that correlated with elevations in IL-6, IL-10, and thrombin-antithrombin complexes and had organ damage in the lungs and kidneys. Administration of DNase at 2 h after CLP resulted in increased IL-6 and IL-10 levels and organ damage in the lungs and kidneys. In contrast, DNase administration at 4 or 6 h after CLP resulted in reduced cfDNA and IL-6 levels, increased IL-10, and suppressed organ damage and bacterial dissemination. Deoxyribonuclease administration every 6 h after CLP also rescued mice from death. Our studies are the first to demonstrate that delayed but not early administration of DNase may be protective in experimental sepsis.
Hypoxia-Induced Mitogenic Factor (HIMF/FIZZ1/RELMα) Increases Lung Inflammation and Activates Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells via an IL-4–Dependent Mechanism (2010)

Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF), also known as found in inflammatory zone 1 and resistin-like molecule α, belongs to a novel class of cysteine-rich secreted proteins. It exhibits mitogenic and chemotactic properties during pulmonary hypertension-associated vascular remodeling, as well as fibrogenic properties during pulmonary fibrosis. HIMF expression in the lung was reported to be regulated by Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) via the transcription factor STAT6 pathway in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. However, in this study, we found that in the hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension model, lung HIMF expression is increased in IL-4 and STAT6 knockout (KO) mice to the same degree as in wild-type (WT) mice, suggesting that induction of HIMF expression does not require Th2 regulation in this model. We also found that HIMF-induced proliferative activity, hypertrophy, collagen, and extracellular matrix deposition in the pulmonary arteries are significantly less in IL-4 KO mice than in WT mice. In addition, HIMF-induced production of angiogenic factors/chemokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, MCP-1, and stromal-derived factor-1, in the lung resident cells, as well as macrophage infiltration, were significantly suppressed in the lungs of IL-4 KO mice. We also show that IL-4 was significantly increased in the lungs of HIMF-treated WT mice. Our in vitro studies using pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells revealed that HIMF stimulated cell proliferation, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and MCP-1 production in a manner that is dependent on the IL-4/IL-4Rα system. These findings suggest that IL-4 signaling may play a significant role in HIMF-induced lung inflammation and vascular remodeling.
[Clinical analysis of 25 cases of multiple myeloma]. (1991)

Since 1972, 25 cases of multiple myeloma had been diagnosed. Of them, 22 (88%) were over 50 years old. Most of them had bone pain with anemia to different degrees. Marked elevation of ESR was found in 19 cases. Bence-Jones protein was detected in the urine in 15 cases resulting in elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Twenty-two of 23 cases were found to have a high peak of abnormal globulin. Increased plasma cells with abnormal features in the bone marrow were observed in 17/21 cases. Multiple osteolytic lesions, compression fracture and osteoporosis on X-ray films were shown in the majority. Of these 25 cases, 10 had advanced myeloma. These 10 patients all died during admission and eight without any chemotherapy. In the other 15 cases treated with chemotherapy, marked response was seen in 1, partial response in 8 and no response in 6. The diagnosis of the disease is discussed in detail.
Experimental Observation of Crossover from Noncondensed to Counterion Condensed Regimes during Free Radical Polyelectrolyte Copolymerization under High-Composition Drift Conditions (2009)

By combining detailed online kinetics of comonomer consumption with light scattering, viscosity, and conductivity data, experimental detection of changing degrees of counterion condensation was achieved by using comonomers of widely separated reactivity ratios that produced large composition drifts during synthesis. Endproducts of such syntheses contained mixtures of chains of widely varying linear charge density. Evidence of a smooth transition from noncondensed to counterion condensed regimes was found during individual synthesis reactions of copolymeric polyelectrolytes, or "copolyelectrolytes", from the changing slope of conductivity versus [ionic comonomer] incorporated in the high-composition drift syntheses. From this, a model was used to connect the latter slope behavior to fractional ionization of counterions. With this modeled fractional ionization versus the instantaneous fractional amount of the charged comonomer incorporated into copolyelectrolyte, which is directly and continuously monitored during synthesis, it was possible to compute linear charge density xi and the corresponding average xi distribution.
Monobactams. Stereospecific synthesis of (S)-3-amino-2-oxoazetidine-1-sulfonic acids (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonobactams. Stereospecific synthesis of (S)-3-amino-2-oxoazetidine-1-sulfonic acidsDavid M. Floyd, Alan W. Fritz, and Christopher M. CimarustiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 1, 176–178Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00340a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00340a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distribution of protein kinase M? and the complete protein kinase C isoform family in rat brain (2000)

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a multigene family of at least ten isoforms, nine of which are expressed in brain (α, βI, βII, γ, δ, ϵ, η, ζ, ι/λ). Our previous studies have shown that many of these PKCs participate in synaptic plasticity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Multiple isoforms are transiently activated in the induction phase of long-term potentiation (LTP). In contrast, a single species, ζ, is persistently activated during the maintenance phase of LTP through the formation of an independent, constitutively active catalytic domain, protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ). In this study, we used immunoblot and immunocytochemical techniques with isoform-specific antisera to examine the distribution of the complete family of PKC isozymes and PKMζ in rat brain. Each form of PKC showed a widespread distribution in the brain with a distinct regional pattern of high and low levels of expression. PKMζ, the predominant form of PKM in brain, had high levels in hippocampus, frontal and occipital cortex, striatum, and hypothalamus. In the hippocampus, each isoform was expressed in a characteristic pattern, with ζ prominent in the CA1 stratum radiatum. These results suggest that the compartmentalization of PKC isoforms in neurons may contribute to their function, with the location of PKMζ prominent in areas notable for long-term synaptic plasticity. J. Comp. Neurol. 426:243–258, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Emerging Cancer Diagnostics (2003)

or epigenetic events such as gene silencing by methylation, 11 suggests that RT-PCR can outperform routine morphologic and immunocytochemical analysis in the early, specific diagnosis of cancer in blood and body fluid samples.
Retinoid requirements for recovery of sensitivity after visual-pigment bleaching in isolated photoreceptors. (1989)

After visual-pigment bleaching, single isolated rod photoreceptors of Ambystoma tigrinum recover their sensitivity to light when supplied with 11-cis-retinal from liposomes or with 11-cis-retinal bound to interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. Bleached rods do not recover sensitivity, or do so only very slowly, after exposure to 11-cis-retinol. The latter retinoid is "toxic" in that rods actually lose sensitivity in its presence. In contrast, bleached isolated cone cells recover sensitivity when either retinoid is supplied. It is suggested that the major pathway for rhodopsin regeneration during dark adaptation in the intact eye is transport of 11-cis-retinal from the pigment epithelium to the retina. The results also suggest that there may be separate pathways for visual-pigment regeneration in rods and cones during dark adaptation.
Analysis of polyaniline oligomers by laser desorption ionization and solventless MALDI (2004)

While direct laser desorption ionization of soluble polyaniline dried onto metal sample plates results in mass spectra that are similar to previously shown electrospray ionization data of similar samples, laser desorption of unsolubilized solid polyaniline results in major fragmentation of the phenyl rings. Solventless MALDI, a recently developed technique for insoluble or slightly soluble species, involves the use of only solid analyte and matrix during sample preparation. Solventless MALDI of solid polyaniline results in mass spectra that are similar to the direct laser desorption ionization spectra of the soluble oligomers with some larger molecular weight oligomers also being detected. Based on the matrix used, different series of polyaniline with dissimilar end groups are detected. The matrix also affects the percentages of benzenoid and quinoid units in the oligomers. Thus, solventless MALDI appears to be a promising new technique for the mass spectrometric analysis of low solubility, but industrially important, polyanilines.
Thermally Stable Silicate Nanotubes (2004)

Silicates, the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust, have been successfully prepared as uniform nanotubes with high surface area and thermal stability (see picture). Preliminary studies suggest that such materials have great potential for use in gas adsorption and separation, as well as in catalytic processes.
The creative process in biomedical visualization: strategies and management. (1990)

The phases of the creative process (identification, preparation, incubation, insight, and elaboration/verification) are related to strategies for management of biomedical illustration projects. The idea that creativity is a mystery--and is unpredictable and uncontrollable--is not accepted. This article presents a practical way to encourage creative thinking in the biomedical visualization studio.
A Hybrid Buffer Design with STT-MRAM for On-Chip Interconnects (2012)

As the chip multiprocessor (CMP) design moves toward many-core architectures, communication delay in Network-on-Chip (NoC) has been a major bottleneck in CMP systems. Using high-density memories in input buffers helps to reduce the bottleneck through increasing throughput. Spin-Torque Transfer Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) can be a suitable solution due to its nature of high density and near-zero leakage power. But its long latency and high power consumption in write operations still need to be addressed. We explore the design issues in using STT-MRAM for NoC input buffers. Motivated by short intra-router latency, we use the previously proposed write latency reduction technique sacrificing retention time. Then we propose a hybrid design of input buffers using both SRAM and STT-MRAM to hide the long write latency efficiently. Considering that simple data migration in the hybrid buffer consumes more dynamic power compared to SRAM, we provide a lazy migration scheme that reduces the dynamic power consumption of the hybrid buffer. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme enhances the throughput by 21% on average.
Tailoring the optical properties of metal-oxide electrochromic mixtures (2000)

A semi-empirical approach is given to show how an optical-shift parameter S (ia the frequency maximum of an optical band) correlates with the composition of a mixture of electrochromic oxides such as tungsten trioxide, thereby allowing the colours of electrochromic oxide mixtures to be tailored. It is shown that changing the relative amounts of charge-donating oxygen-based moieties (oxide, pendant oxygen and bridging oxygen) in the mixture systematically varies the electrochromic colour according to ‘shifting constants’ σ, which depend on the identities of both dopant and host oxides.
Serodiagnosis of typhoid fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determination of anti-Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide antibodies (1984)

Serum samples from 22 patients with proven typhoid fever, 60 febrile nontyphoidal patients, and 120 healthy subjects were tested for immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM anti-Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of all three classes of immunoglobulin anti-lipopolysaccharide were higher in typhoid patients than in controls; the test for IgM anti-lipopolysaccharide gave the best discrimination between typhoid and nontyphoidal sera. The absorbance values obtained with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgM anti-lipopolysaccharide were highly correlated to the titers of anti-O agglutinins. However, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was much more specific than the Widal test, and hence it could be a useful tool for the serological diagnosis of typhoid fever with a single blood sample.
Preexisting epithelial diversity in normal human livers: A tissue-tethered cytometric analysis in portal/periportal epithelial cells (2012)

Novel imaging and computational tools enable increased information extraction from tissue samples and quantify the considerable preexistent hybrid epithelial diversity in normal human liver. This computationally enabled tissue analysis approach offers much broader potential beyond the results presented here.
SYNERGISTIC IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC FOR INTERFERON-GAMMA AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (1990)

Interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha play a significant role in the upregulation of host immunity and inflammation, for example by induction and enhancement of the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens on a wide variety of cell types, both in vitro and in vivo. In this study two crossreactive monoclonal antibodies, one specific for human IFN-gamma (MD1), the other specific for human TNF-alpha (61E71), were tested for immunosuppressive potencies in a skin transplantation study in the rhesus monkey. Treatment with either MD1 or 61E71 alone did not prolong skin-graft-survival times. In combination, however, these antibodies augmented graft survival times significantly. Infiltration of the skin grafts by lymphocytes and histiocytes was delayed, and upregulation of MHC class I and II expression was retarded. This is the first reported demonstration of a synergistic effect of mAbs specific for IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in the suppression of allograft rejection in primates.
Automated network connection tracing and data gathering methods in the SDH network (1994)

Automatically tracing a network connection and gathering network configuration data in an SDH network are necessary for future advanced network operation. This paper proposes two methods for these. They are achieved by using the OH bytes that are provided in an SDH frame for OAM applications. It first explains the mechanism of the methods and how to solve practical implementation problems. Then, quantitative analyses show that these methods take less than ten seconds to gather the network configuration data of a path going through one thousand modules in a network. It is also shown that the equipment can be realized with practical amount of hardware based on the functional block diagrams. Finally, an appropriate application area for each method is discussed from the viewpoint of required processing in an operations system and fault localization capability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Limitations of LDD types of structures in deep-submicrometer MOS technology (1990)

Lightly doped drain (LDD) types of MOSFET structures have been analyzed in detail in order to understand the issues and trade-offs in the application of these structures to deep-submicrometer technology (L/sub gate/<or=0.35 mu m) in which the minimum feature size of the technology is exploited as the total gate length of the device. Because of considerable channel doping compensation resulting from the desired graded-drain profile of the N/sup -/ region, larger and unacceptable charge-sharing effects are encountered. The problem can be avoided if the LDD N/sup -/ region is shallow and steeply profiled. However, this leads to unacceptably high hot-carrier generation rates. This major conflict in design requirements (suppression of charge sharing as well as reduction of hot-carrier effects) results in serious limitations on the applicability of LDD MOSFETs to deep-submicrometer technology.<<ETX>>
Terahertz refractive index sensors using dielectric pipe waveguides (2012)

A dielectric pipe waveguide is successfully demonstrated as a terahertz refractive index sensor for powder and liquid-vapor sensing. Without additional engineered structures, a simple pipe waveguide can act as a terahertz resonator based on anti-resonant reflecting guidance, forming multiple resonant transmission-dips. Loading various powders in the ring-cladding or inserting different vapors into the hollow core of the pipe waveguide leads to a significant shift of resonant frequency, and the spectral shift is related to the refractive-index change. The proven detection limit of molecular density could be reduced to 1.6nano-mole/mm<sup>3</sup> and the highest sensitivity is demonstrated at around 22.2GHz/refractive-index-unit (RIU), which is comparable to the best THz molecular sensor [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 171113 (2009)].