gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AMP does not induce torpor (2007)

Torpor, a state characterized by a well-orchestrated reduction of metabolic rate and body temperature (T(b)), is employed for energetic savings by organisms throughout the animal kingdom. The nucleotide AMP has recently been purported to be a primary regulator of torpor in mice, as circulating AMP is elevated in the fasted state, and administration of AMP causes severe hypothermia. However, we have found that the characteristics and parameters of the hypothermia induced by AMP were dissimilar to those of fasting-induced torpor bouts in mice. Although administration of AMP induced hypothermia (minimum T(b) = 25.2 +/- 0.6 degrees C) similar to the depth of fasting-induced torpor (24.9 +/- 1.5 degrees C), ADP and ATP were equally effective in lowering T(b) (minimum T(b): 24.8 +/- 0.9 degrees C and 24.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C, respectively). The maximum rate of T(b) fall into hypothermia was significantly faster with injection of adenine nucleotides (AMP: -0.24 +/- 0.03; ADP: -0.24 +/- 0.02; ATP: -0.25 +/- 0.03 degrees C/min) than during fasting-induced torpor (-0.13 +/- 0.02 degrees C/min). Heart rate decreased from 755 +/- 15 to 268 +/- 17 beats per minute (bpm) within 1 min of AMP administration, unlike that observed during torpor (from 646 +/- 21 to 294 +/- 19 bpm over 35 min). Finally, the hypothermic effect of AMP was blunted with preadministration of an adenosine receptor blocker, suggesting that AMP action on T(b) is mediated via the adenosine receptor. These data suggest that injection of adenine nucleotides into mice induces a reversible hypothermic state that is unrelated to fasting-induced torpor.
A knowledge-driven quasi-global registration of thoracic-abdominal CT and CBCT for image-guided interventions (2013)

In this work, we have developed a novel knowledge-driven quasi-global method for fast and robust registration of thoracic-abdominal CT and cone beam CT (CBCT) scans. While the use of CBCT in operating rooms has become a common practice, there is an increasing demand on the registration of CBCT with pre-operative scans, in many cases, CT scans. One of the major challenges of thoracic-abdominal CT/CBCT registration is from various fields of view (FOVs) of the two imaging modalities. The proposed approach utilizes <i>a priori</i> knowledge of anatomy to generate 2D anatomy targeted projection (ATP) images that surrogate the original volumes. The use of lower dimension surrogate images can significantly reduce the computation cost of similarity evaluation during optimization and make it practically feasible to perform global optimization based registration for image-guided interventional procedures. Another <i>a priori</i> knowledge about the local optima distribution on energy curves is further used to effectively select multi-starting points for registration optimization. 20 clinical data sets were used to validate the method and the target registration error (TRE) and maximum registration error (MRE) were calculated to compare the performance of the knowledge-driven quasi-global registration against a typical local-search based registration. The local search based registration failed on 60% cases, with an average TRE of 22.9mm and MRE of 28.1mm; the knowledge-driven quasi-global registration achieved satisfactory results for all the 20 data sets, with an average TRE of 3.5mm, and MRE of 2.6mm. The average computation time for the knowledge-driven quasi-global registration is 8.7 seconds.
Characterization of the sppA gene coding for protease IV, a signal peptide peptidase of Escherichia coli (1987)

The sppA gene codes for protease IV, a signal peptide peptidase of Escherichia coli. Using the gene cloned on a plasmid, we constructed an E. coli strain carrying the ampicillin resistance gene near the chromosomal sppA gene and an sppA deletion strain in which the deleted portion was replaced by the kanamycin resistance gene. Using these strains, we mapped the sppA gene at 38.5 min on the chromosome, the gene order being katE-xthA-sppA-pncA. Although digestion of the signal peptide that accumulated in the cell envelope fraction was considerably slower in the deletion mutant than in the sppA+ strain, it was still significant, suggesting the participation of another envelope protease(s) in signal peptide digestion.
Development of the battered women's movement in South Africa (1989)

VioLit keywords: South Africa; Domestic Violence; Incidence and Prevalence Spouse Abuse Incidence and Prevalence Spouse Abuse Victim Domestic Violence Victim Female Victim Adult Female Adult Victim Children of Battered Women Domestic Violence Effects Spouse Abuse Effects Witnessing Violence Effects Witnessing Spouse Abuse Psychological Victimization Effects Domestic Violence Causes Spouse Abuse Causes Child Witness Socioeconomic Factors Sociocultural Factors Political Factors Individual Risk Factors Domestic Violence Risk Factors Spouse Abuse Risk Factors Partner Violence Violence Against Women 01-00 Language: en
Expression and function of multiple regulators of complement activation in autoimmune thyroid disease. (1994)

Membrane attack complexes of complement occur around thyroid follicles in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The lytic potential of such complexes is controlled by membrane-bound and fluid phase regulators and we have investigated the role of these in autoimmune thyroid disease. By immunohistochemical staining, clusterin and S-protein were found in all nine thyroid specimens from patients with Graves' disease and S-protein was found in one of two Hashimoto glands. CD46, CD55 and CD59 were found on thyroid cells in all specimens. CD46 and CD55 expression occurred on thyroid cells cultured in vitro and was increased significantly by culture with interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which are known to be released by the lymphocytic infiltrate in these conditions. Blocking CD55 had a weak and inconsistent effect on complement-mediated thyroid cell killing in vitro but, in four of five experiments, blocking CD46 enhanced killing. However, the effect of blocking CD59 was greater in all cases than blocking CD46 or CD55. Expression of these fluid phase and membrane-bound proteins may be important in determining the severity of thyroid damage produced by complement fixation in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Fast autofocus algorithm for automated microscopes (2005)

We present a new algorithm to determine, quickly and accurately, the best-in-focus image of biological particles. The algorithm is based on a one-dimensional Fourier transform and on the Pearson correlation for automated microscopes along the Z axis. We captured a set of several images at different Z distances from a biological sample. The algorithm uses the Fourier transform to obtain and extract the image frequency content of a vector pattern previously specified to be sought in each captured image; comparing these frequency vectors with the frequency vector of a reference image (usually the first image that we capture or the most out-of-focus image), we find the best-in-focus image via the Pearson correlation. Numerical experimental results show the algorithm has a fast response for finding the best-in-focus image among the captured images, compared with related autofocus techniques presented in the past. The algorithm can be implemented in real-time systems with fast response, accuracy, and robustness; it can be used to get focused images in bright and dark fields; and it offers the prospect of being extended to include fusion techniques to construct multifocus final images.
Detergent (sodium dodecyl sulfate) shock proteins in Escherichia coli (1991)

The protein composition of Escherichia coli W3110 grown in the presence and absence of 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In SDS-grown cells, at least 4 proteins were turned on, 13 were turned off, 15 were elevated, and 15 were depressed. The 19 unique and elevated SDS-induced spots constituted 7.91% of the total 35S-labeled protein. There was no apparent overlap between these 19 detergent (SDS) stress proteins and those of other known bacterial stress responses. The detergent stress stimulon is a distinct and independent stimulon. Its physiological relevance probably derives from the presence of bile salts in animal gastrointestinal tracts.
Characterization of MoVTeNbOx Catalysts during Oxidation Reactions Using In Situ/Operando Techniques: A Review (2017)

Light alkanes are abundant in shale gas resources. The bulk mixed metal oxide MoVTe(Sb)NbOx catalysts play a very important role in dehydrogenation and selective oxidation reactions of these short hydrocarbons to produce high-value chemicals. This catalyst system mainly consists of M1 and less-active M2 crystalline phases. Due to their ability to directly monitor the catalysts under the relevant industrial conditions, in situ/operando techniques can provide information about the nature of active sites, surface intermediates, and kinetics/mechanisms, and may help with the synthesis of new and better catalysts. Sophisticated catalyst design and understanding is necessary to achieve the desired performance (activity, selectivity, lifetime, etc.) at reasonable reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, etc.). This article critically reviews the progress made in research of these MoVTe(Sb)NbOx catalysts in oxidation reactions mainly through in situ/operando techniques and suggests the future direction needed to realize the industrialization of these catalysts.
Statistical Entropy and Superradiance in 2+1 Dimensional Acoustic Black Holes (2005)

We study ``draining bathtub'' as an acoustic analogue of a three-dimensional rotating black hole. Rotating fluid near the sonic horizon necessarily gives rise to the superradiant modes, which are partially responsible for the thermodynamic quantities in this rotating vortex-like hole. Using the recently suggested thin-layer method overcoming some difficulties from the well-known brick-wall method, we explicitly calculate the free energy of the system by treating the superradiance carefully and obtain the desirable entropy formula.
Bugs and Drugs: Oncolytic Virotherapy in Combination with Chemotherapy (2012)

Single agent therapies are rarely successful in treating cancer, particularly at metastatic or end stages, and survival rates with monotherapies alone are generally poor. The combination of multiple therapies to treat cancer has already driven significant improvements in the standard of care treatments for many types of cancers. The first combination treatments exploited for cancer therapy involved the use of several cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. Later, with the development of more targeted agents, the use of novel, less toxic drugs, in combination with the more classic cytotoxic drugs has proven advantageous for certain cancer types. Recently, the combination of oncolytic virotherapy with chemotherapy has shown that the use of these two therapies with very distinct anti-tumor mechanisms may also lead to synergistic interactions that ultimately result in increased therapeutic effects not achievable by either therapy alone. The mechanisms of synergy between oncolytic viruses (OVs) and chemotherapeutic agents are just starting to be elucidated. It is evident, however, that the success of these OV-drug combinations depends greatly on the particular OV, the drug(s) selected, and the cancer type targeted. This review summarizes the different OV-drug combinations investigated to date, including the use of second generation armed OVs, which have been studied with the specific purpose of generating synergistic interactions with particular chemotherapy agents. The known mechanisms of synergy between these OV-drug combinations are also summarized. The importance of further investigating these mechanisms of synergy will be critical in order to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of OV-drug combination therapies in the future.
Image to LIDAR matching for geotagging in urban environments (2013)

We present a novel method for matching ground-based query images to a georeferenced LIDAR 3D dataset acquired from an airborne platform in urban environments. We are addressing two main technical challenges: (i) different modalities between the query and the reference data (electro-optical vs. LIDAR) that impose unique challenges to the matching problem; (ii) very different viewing directions from which the query, respectively the LIDAR data were acquired. We make two main technical contributions in this paper. First, we present a method for automatically extracting features from LIDAR data that largely remain invariant to the projection in a 2D image and thus allow robust matching across modalities and change in viewpoint. Second, we describe a matching technique that finds the best 3D pose that relates the query input image to a rendered image of the 3D models. We present results of matching images to high-resolution LIDAR data covering five square kilometers over a city that demonstrate the power of the matching method proposed.
Sonocrystallization: The End of Empiricism? (1999)

Among many attractive effects on physicochemical processes; one of the most promising applications of power ultrasound concerns crystallization. This paper is a review of the previous work on sonocrystallization. Ultrasound has been used in crystallization to initiate primary nucleation by narrowing the metastable zone width. It influences secondary nucleation and crystal growth. It has beneficial effects on crystal habit and crystal size distribution. It can reduce or modify agglomeration and the subsequent liquid inclusions and improve product handling. A description of the available equipment will be given. Finally, from the previous work and the experience gained, the possible future developments in sonocrystallization will be examined.
Hydrogen Peroxide Based Propulsion System for Micro Air Vehicle Applications (1999)

The miniaturisation of sensors and weapon system will enable the development of micro air vehicles (MAVs) for use in military and surveillance operations, such as signal jamming and intelligence gathering. However, the propulsion systems for MAVs will need to have a range of engine characteristics to satisfy operating requirements. The Propulsion Department of DERA proposed a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hybrid rocket/turbine engine for micro air vehicle propulsion. A feasibility study was carried out on the proposed engine and compared against parameters set out in a preliminary specification. The study shows that a bipropellant system with on-board oxygen gives the best flight endurance. The engine configuration will consist of a convergent/divergent nozzle and a ducted fan. This engine can largely meet the physical requirements. It can also meet the indoor and urban reconnaissance requirement of 1-hour flight endurance. The H2O2 engine compares favorably with a rival engine (micro gas turbine). However, the hydrogen peroxide system has an important advantage that it is an established technology and carries considerably less technical risk.
[The in vitro potentiation of LAK cell cytotoxicity in cancer and aids patients induced by F3--a fractionated extract of Astragalus membranaceus]. (1994)

The in vitro induction of LAK cell activity was studied in cancer and AIDS patients. F3, an immuno-regulatory component of Astragalus membranaceus was shown capable of potentiating the LAK cell inducing activity of rIL-2. The killing activity against Hs294T melanoma cell line of LAK cells induced by 50 U/ml rIL-2 in the presence of F3 (55 micrograms/ml) reached 64% which was comparable to that (60%) induced by 500 u/ml of rIL-2 alone. With F3 plus rIL-2, the effector to target cell ratio could be reduced to one-half in order to obtain an equivalent level of cytotoxicity when rIL-2 was used alone. In some patients, whose peripheral blood lymphocytes were relatively inert to rIL-2, F3 could make them responsive to rIL-2. These results imply that F3 may be useful to potentiate LAK cell activity, reduce the amount of rIL-2 and thus minimize the later's toxic side effects when used in vivo.
Peroxide crosslinking of poly(<i>n</i>‐alkyl methacrylates) (1968)

Abstract The action of dicumyl peroxide on poly( n ‐butyl methacrylate) and poly( n ‐nonyl methacrylate) produces degradation and crosslinking reactions in both polymers. Crosslinking and degradation of poly( n ‐alkyl methacrylates) are influenced also by the initial molecular weight of the polymer as well as by the type of alkyl group. The ratio of degradation to crosslinking p / q determined on the basis of the equation of Charlesby and Pinner, S + S 0.5 = ( p / q ) + (1/ qP n ) is for poly( n ‐butyl methacrylate) of viscosity molecular weight 0.923 × 10 6 and 2.16 × 10 6 of 0.78 and 0.60, respectively; for poly( n ‐nonyl methacrylate) of weight average molecular weight 3.83 × 10 5 , p / q is 0.16. Crosslinking efficiencies (moles of crosslinks per mole of decomposed dicumyl peroxide) of the above polymers are relatively very low: 0.014, 0.005, and 0.039, respectively. The critical concentration of dicumyl peroxide necessary for the formation of gel, provided it undergoes complete decomposition, is for the above polymers 1.82, 1.65, and 0.98 wt.‐%, respectively. Under the critical concentration of dicumyl peroxide the limiting viscosity number of poly( n ‐butyl methacrylate) increases with increasing concentration of dicumyl peroxide. An initial decrease of the value of the limiting viscosity number, which is characteristic for polymers undergoing simultaneous degradation and crosslinking, was not observed.
Experimental Evaluation and Control of Two-Phase Multi-Microchannel Evaporator Cooling Systems for High Efficiency Data Center (2012)

Thermal designers of data centers and server manufacturers are showing a greater concern regarding the cooling of the new generation data centers, which consume considerably more electricity and dissipate much more waste heat, a situation that is creating a re- thinking about the most effective cooling systems for the future beyond conventional air cooling of the chips/servers. Potentially, a significantly better solution is to make use of on- chip two-phase cooling, which, besides improving the cooling performance at the chip level while also consuming less energy to drive the cooling process, also adds the capability to reuse the waste heat in a convenient manner, since higher evaporating and condensing temperatures of the two-phase cooling system (from 60-95 °C) are possible with such a new “green” cooling technology. In the present thesis, three such two-phase cooling cycles using micro-evaporation technology were experimentally evaluated with specific attention being paid to (i) controllability of the two-phase cooling system, (ii) energy consumption and (iii) overall exergetic efficiency, with the emphasis on (i). The controllers were evaluated by tracking and disturbance rejection tests, which were shown to be efficient and effective. The average temperatures of the chips were maintained below the upper limit of 85 °C of computer CPU’s for all tests evaluated in steady state and transient conditions. In general, simple SISO and SIMO strategies were sufficient to attain the requirements of control. Regarding energy and exergy analyses, the experimental results showed that all these systems can be thermodynamically improved since only about 6% of the exergy supplied is in fact recovered in the condenser in the present setup. Additionally, a series of tests covering a wide range of operating conditions under steady state regime were done. The main idea was to generate a “map of performance” of the different cooling systems in terms of energy consumption, energy recovery at the condenser and heat exchanger performance. A total of 120 tests were done which considered all combinations of the variables involved. Finally, empirical and semi-empirical correlations for overall thermal conductance and performance of all components and piping of all these systems were developed based on the experimental results obtained, which can be used for simulations and validations of potential codes developed to design and/or evaluate performance of cooling systems. An overall energy balance analysis for each system using the correlations developed showed that 99.17% of the experimental data were bounded within ± 10%.
Endogenous thrombospondin-1 is a cell-surface ligand for regulation of integrin-dependent T-lymphocyte adhesion (2006)

Lymphocyte adhesion to cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins plays a pivotal role for the function of the immune system. We show here that endogenous thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a cell-surface ligand for cis interaction of surface receptors in T lymphocytes controlled by integrins and the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR/CD3). Stimulation of CD3 triggers rapid surface expression of TSP-1 in quiescent T cells, whereas activated cells express TSP-1 constitutively. Endogenous TSP-1 is attached to lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1/CD91) and calreticulin (CRT) on the cell surface through its NH2-terminal domain. Adhesion via integrins to ICAM-1 or ECM components up-regulates TSP turnover dramatically from a low level in nonadherent cells, whereas CD3 stimulation inhibits TSP turnover through interference with CD91/CRT-mediated internalization. Integrin-associated protein (IAP/CD47) is essential for TSP turnover and adhesion through interaction with the C-terminal domain of TSP-1 in response to triggering signals delivered at the NH2-terminal. These results indicate that endogenous TSP-1 connects separate cell-surface receptors functionally and regulates T-cell adhesion.
Differential Activation of Lung-specific Genes by Two Forkhead Proteins, FREAC-1 and FREAC-2 (1996)

We describe the cDNA sequences for two human transcription factors, Forkhead RElated ACtivator (FREAC)-1 and -2, that belong to the forkhead family of eukaryotic DNA binding proteins. FREAC-1 and -2 are encoded by distinct genes, are almost identical within their DNA binding domains and in the COOH termini, but are otherwise divergent. Cotransfections with a reporter carrying FREAC binding sites showed that both proteins are transcriptional activators, and deletions located the activation domains to the COOH-terminal side of the forkhead domains. Expression of FREAC-1 and FREAC-2 is restricted to lung and placenta. We show that the promoters of genes for lung-specific proteins such as pulmonary surfactant proteins A, B, and C (SPA, SPB, and SPC) and the Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) contain potential binding sites for FREAC-1 and FREAC-2. DNaseI footprinting verified that FREAC proteins bind to the predicted sites in the CC10 and SPB promoters. While an SPB promoter construct could be transactivated by both FREAC-1 and FREAC-2, CC10 was only activated by FREAC-1. Efficient activation of CC10 by FREAC-1 is shown to be specific for a lung cell line with Clara cell characteristics (H441) and to involve a region of the FREAC-1 protein unable to activate in other cell types.