gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorokomplexe des vierwertigen Rheniums (1956)

Abstract Durch Einwirkung von wasserfreiem Flourwasserstoff bei 450°C oder von geschmolzenem Kaliumhydrogenfluorid auf geeignete Komplexverbindungen des Rheniums konnten die Verbindungen K 2 ReF 6 , Rb 2 ReF 6 , Cs 2 ReF 6 als recht beständige Verbindungen dargestellt werden. Die Hexafluororhenate(IV) sind farblos. Das Fluor kann in geringem Maße durch die Hydroxylgruppe ersetzt sein. Die Bruttozusammensetzung K 2 ReOHF 5 wird jedoch in der Regel nicht erreicht. Die hydroxylhaltigen Präparate sehen schwachrosa aus. Die Verbindungen wurden magnetisch untersucht. Ihre Strukturen konnten aufgeklärt werden.
Radio-over-Fiber Transmission of 1.25-Gigabit Ethernet Signal on 60-GHz Band Subcarrier with Performance Improvement and Wavelength Reuse (2007)

With radio-over-fiber (RoF) enabled remote antenna, gigabit Ethernet service operating at 60-GHz frequencies can be accessed cordlessly. Due to limited linear operation region of 60-GHz optoelectronic modulators commercially available so far, optical weak modulation is required leading to limited link performance. This paper demonstrates in RoF transmission of 1.25-Gigabit Ethernet signal on 60-GHz band subcarrier, the fiber downlink performance is improved by suppressing the optical carrier-to-sideband ratio based on the usage of a simple and low-cost fabricated 2 times 2 all-fiber optical interleaver. Simultaneously by using the interleaver, the downlink optical carrier is recovered and is reused as optical source for fiber uplink hence laser-free access point is achieved.
The synthesis of 6‐<i>C</i>‐substituted 9‐methoxymethylpurine derivatives (1990)

Abstract 6‐Cyanomethylene ( 2 ), which was prepared via 1 by substitution with malononitrile, has been catalytically hydrogenated to the α‐(aminomethylene)‐9‐(methoxymethyl)‐9 H ‐purine‐6‐acetonitrile ( 3 ) in good yield using N,N ‐dimethylformamide‐benzene as solvent over Pd‐C under medium pressure. Intermediate 3 was derived to aldehyde 5 by hydrolysis with acid or base. Substitution of 3 with amines gave the corresponding alkylamines 6 and 7 . Reaction of 3 with hydrazine and acetamidine hydrochloride gave pyrazole derivative 8 and pyrimidine derivative 9 , respectively.
Fully digitised, quasi-continuous working gate-drive unit for 1200V-IGBT (2013)

IGBT, field programmable gate array (FPGA), switching losses, high power discrete device, converter control, Efficiency Improving the performance of prospective inverters can not only be realised by advanced power semiconductors and faster signal-processing components on its own. Even the circuitry that combines all together opens up new possibilities. So, the gate-drive unit takes a central place in an inverter to increase power density and efficiency. This paper presents a digitised gate-drive unit for 1200V-IGBTs that works in a quasi-continuous manner. Its inner digital signal-processing is done by a FPGA. The publication describes the design, the implemented main features and the schematic functionality of this novel gate-drive unit. Furthermore, there is a summary of the potential to adjust the behaviour of the IGBT, the diode and the whole inverter. An outlook, which shows the major advantages of this gate-drive unit and their practically use for achieving the proposed aims, finally concludes.
Waist Circumference Correlates with Metabolic Syndrome Indicators Better Than Percentage Fat (2006)

WC had the strongest associations with health risk indicators, followed by BMI. Although percent fat is a useful measure of overall adiposity, health risks are best represented by the simply measured WC.
THE MECHANISM OF SULFUR LABILITY IN CYSTEINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. I. SOME THIO ETHERS READILY SPLIT BY ALKALI (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE MECHANISM OF SULFUR LABILITY IN CYSTEINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. I. SOME THIO ETHERS READILY SPLIT BY ALKALIBen H. NicoletCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 8, 3066–3072Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01359a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01359a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Bidirectional reflectance from pigmented coatings</title> (1999)

There has been increasing interest in the measurement, validation, and parameterization of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) from surface coatings for image simulation and rendering, and design models of coating systems. The complexity of data required depends on the finish or final appearance of the surface coating. In particular the development of optical effect pigments places heightened requirements on the BRDF data needed for adequate characterization of a surface coating. Measurements of the BRDF are presented from pigmented films representative of the top layer of a paint coating. The measurements investigate the scattering characteristics of pearlescent pigments as a function of the incident polar angle and the polar and azimuthal scatter angles, including a study of the spectral variation of the BRDF across the visible waveband from 350 nm to 800 nm. In addition, measurements of linearly polarized BRDF as a function of incident and reflected directions are reported. The measurements emphasize the various optical properties of coatings such as surface and volume scattering and polarization contributions, which need to be considered if the data is to be accurately modelled or parameterized and used effectively.
VISTA: Coming of age as a multi-lineage immune checkpoint (2020)

The immune response is governed by a highly complex set of interactions among cells and mediators. T cells may be rendered dysfunctional by the presence of high levels of antigen in the absence of co-stimulation while myeloid cells may be programmed towards an immunosuppressive state that promotes cancer growth and metastasis while deterring tumor immunity. In addition, inhibitory programs driven by immune checkpoint regulators dampen anti-tumor immunity. The ideal cancer immunotherapy treatment will improve both cross-priming in the tumor microenvironment and relieve suppression by the inhibitory checkpoints. Recently, blockade of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has elicited impressive results, but not in all patients, so additional targets are under investigation. V-set immunoglobulin domain suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel immunoregulatory receptor that is broadly expressed on cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, and is frequently implicated as a poor prognostic indicator in multiple cancers. Importantly, antibody targeting of VISTA uniquely engages both innate and adaptive immunity. This, combined with the expression of VISTA and its non-redundant activities compared to other immune checkpoint regulators, qualifies VISTA to be a promising target for improving cancer immunotherapy.
Antisense inhibition of a BRI1 receptor reveals additional protein kinase signaling components downstream to the perception of brassinosteroids in rice (2001)

Plants express a variety of proteins at the cell surface responsible for the transduction of regulatory information into the cell via receptors. In the present study, an attempt has been made to identify the components of the brassinosteroids (BRs) signaling transduction cascades in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) expressing the antisense strand of OsBRI1 transcript. A 60 kDa protein, immunologically characterized as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), showed reduced phosphorylation activity in the membrane fractions of the OsBRI1 antisense rice over control, demonstrating the inhibition in the perception of BRs by the BRI1 receptor, when compared with the exogenously applied brassinolide. The phosphorylation activity of the 50 kDa Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase was however increased in the cytosolic fractions of OsBRI1 antisense over control. The data obtained suggest that MAPK and Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase in rice are discrete but parallel signaling cascades and might involve receptors other than BRI1 in response to BR stimulus.
On the effects of varying filter bank parameters on isolated word recognition (1983)

The vast majority of commercially available isolated word recognizers use a filter bank analysis as the front end processing for recognition. It is not well understood how the parameters of different filter banks (e.g., number of filters, types of filters, filter spacing, etc.) affect recognizer performance. In this paper we present results of performance evaluation of several types of filter bank analyzers in a speaker trained isolated word recognition test using dialed-up telephone line recordings. We have studied both DFT (discrete Fourier transform) and direct form implementations of the filter banks. We have also considered uniform and nonuniform filter spacings. The results indicate that the best performance (highest word accuracy) is obtained by both a 15-channel uniform filter bank and a 13-channel nonuniform filter bank (with channels spacing along a critical band scale). The performance of a 7-channel critical band filter bank is almost as good as that of the two best filter banks. In comparison to a conventional linear predictive coding (LPC) word recognizer, the performance of the best filter bank recognizers was, on average, several percent worse than that of an eighth-order LPC-based recognizer. A discussion as to why some filter banks performed better than others, and why the LPC-based system did the best, is given in this paper.
Crystal Structure of <i>lac</i> Repressor Core Tetramer and Its Implications for DNA Looping (1995)

The crystal structure of the tryptic core fragment of the lac repressor of Escherichia coli (LacR) complexed with the inducer isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside was determined at 2.6 A resolution. The quaternary structure consists of two dyad-symmetric dimers that are nearly parallel to each other. This structure places all four DNA binding domains of intact LacR on the same side of the tetramer, and results in a deep, V-shaped cleft between the two dimers. Each monomer contributes a carboxyl-terminal helix to an antiparallel four-helix bundle that functions as a tetramerization domain. Some of the side chains whose mutation reduce DNA binding form clusters on a surface near the amino terminus. Placing the structure of the DNA binding domain complexed with operator previously determined by nuclear magnetic resonance onto this surface results in two operators being adjacent and nearly parallel to each other. Structural considerations suggest that the two dimers of LacR may flexibly alter their relative orientation in order to bind to the known varied spacings between two operators.
Detection of nickel atom by laser induced fluorescence during carbon nanotube formation in a laser produced plume (2001)

In situ monitoring of catalyst nickel atoms by laser induced fluorescence during carbon nanotube formation in a laser-produced plume was performed at the Johnson Space Center nanotube production laboratory. The results indicate that ablation of nickel and plume dynamics are strongly related to the oven temperature. Nickel atoms have a long lifetime of several milliseconds and have an electronic temperature of at least 1500 K during carbon nanotube formation.
Iliac arteries: plain and heparin-coated Dacron-covered stent-grafts compared with noncovered metal stents--an experimental study. (1997)

Neointimal thickening and inflammatory reaction significantly increased with covered compared with noncovered prostheses in the iliac arteries in sheep and were worst with heparin-coated Dacron-covered stent-grafts. If possible, use of noncovered stents should thus be preferred to use of Dacron-covered stent-grafts.
397. Preparation of germane. Part II. Reaction between sodium borohydride and germanium tetrachloride (1959)

E. D. Macklen, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 1989 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590001989
Cells transformed by a v-Myb-estrogen receptor fusion differentiate into multinucleated giant cells (1997)

In order to make conditional alleles of the v-myb oncogene, we constructed and tested avian retroviruses which produce a number of different fusion proteins between v-Myb and the human estrogen receptor (ER). We found that the portion of the ER used in making these fusions profoundly affected their transcriptional activation. However, all the fusions tested were only weakly transforming in embryonic yolk sac assays and there was no direct correlation between the level of transcriptional activation and strength of oncogenic transformation. Nevertheless, transformation by a v-Myb-ER fusion was estrogen dependent, and upon withdrawal of the hormone, monocytic-lineage cells differentiated into multinucleated giant cells. Surprisingly, the withdrawal of estrogen caused a dramatic increase in the stability of the fusion protein, although it remained unable to promote cell growth or block differentiation.
Electronic speckle-pattern interferometry using single-mode fibers and active fringe stabilization (1990)

Optical fibers are used to provide object and reference illumination in the context of the electronic speckle-pattern interferometry technique. An all-fiber Michelson interferometer is used, with an electronic servo and a piezoelectric phase modulator, to obtain compensation for environmentally induced phase coupling into the fiber arms.
Determination of the Relative Amounts of <i>α</i> -carbamazepine and <i>β</i> -carbamazepine in a Mixture by Powder X-Ray Diffractometry (1990)

Abstract A powder X-ray diffraction technique has been developed to quantify the relative amounts of α -carbamazepine (A) and β -carbamazepine (B) when they occur as a mixture. The theoretical basis of this technique was developed in 1948 by Alexander and Klug ( Anal. Chem. , 20:886-889). The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of A and B revealed that the line with d-spacing of 10.1 Å was unique to A. The ratio of the integrated intensity of the 10.1 Å line in a mixture of A and B, to the intensity of the 10.1 Å line in a sample consisting of only A, was calculated as a function of weight fraction of A in the mixture. These ratios were also experimentally determined, and there was a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental intensity ratios. The particle size of the samples, the sample preparation technique and the experimental conditions were controlled so as to eliminate the major sources of error in powder X-ray diffractometry. In order to minimize preferred orientation of the particles, a sample holder was specially fabricated.
Disordered electronic systems (1985)

This paper reviews the progress made in the last several years in understanding the properties of disordered electronic systems. Even in the metallic limit, serious deviations from the Boltzmann transport theory and Fermi-liquid theory have been predicted and observed experimentally. There are two important ingredients in this new understanding: the concept of Anderson localization and the effects of interaction between electrons in a disordered medium. This paper emphasizes the theoretical aspect, even though some of the relevant experiments are also examined. The bulk of the paper focuses on the metallic side, but the authors also discuss the metal-to-insulator transition and comment on problems associated with the insulator.
RIP2 promotes glioma cell growth by regulating TRAF3 and activating the NF‑κB and p38 signaling pathways (2018)

Receptor‑interacting protein 2 (RIP2) has recently been reported to be involved in tumor infiltration and cancer metastasis. However, the function of RIP2 in human astrocytoma remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that the expressions of RIP2 and Bcl‑xL were positively correlated with the malignant grade in 28 cases of astrocytoma of various grades and 6 cases of normal human tissues. In addition, increased activity of the NF‑κB and p38 signaling pathways in astrocytoma tissue was observed. Cytological experiments indicated that RIP2 promoted human glioblastoma cell proliferation by inducing expression of Bcl‑xL, and knockdown of endogenous RIP2 promoted cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, knockdown of RIP2 suppressed downstream events including the canonical and alternative NF‑κB pathway as well as the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (p38) pathway. In addition, the present study also demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor receptor‑associated factor 3 (TRAF3), as a novel RIP2 binding partner, was downregulated in glioma tissues and functionally was a negative regulator involved in RIP2‑induced glioma cell growth. Taken together, the present study established a negative link between RIP2 and TRAF3 proteins and identifies a new pathway for regulating astrocytoma progression.
An Integrated Approach to Permeability Modeling Using Micro-Models (2008)

Abstract Spatial distribution of permeability is an important factor in the prediction of performance of Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) well pairs. Presence of short-scale variability in sand/shale sequences, preferential sampling of core data, and uncertainty in upscaling parameters are complications that make the inference of a reliable porosity – permeability relationship impossible. A simple yet effective way of overcoming these complications is micro-modeling. The central idea in micro-modeling is to use an additional source of information, namely digitized core images, to quantify the uncertainty in power-law averaging parameters and construct the porosity-permeability bivariate relationship by Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS). The work-flow in micro-modeling is comprised of a few steps from digitizing the selected core images to building 3D geo-blocks of binary sand/shale mixture, populating them with porosity/permeability values, upscaling the populated binary mixture by flow simulations, determining the uncertainty in power-law parameters and implementing MCS. The porosity-permeability relationships are constructed on a by-facies basis. Results of this research suggest that effective properties of clean sand are changing with the volume fraction of shale; and it has ultimately resulted in the development of an extended version of power-law formalism.
A Hybrid Poly(ethylene oxide)/ Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle Solid‐State Redox Electrolyte for Dye‐Sensitized Nanocrystalline Solar Cells (2005)

Abstract High‐efficiency all‐solid‐state dye‐sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells have been fabricated using a poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PEO/PVDF)/TiO 2 ‐nanoparticle polymer redox electrolyte, which yields an overall energy‐conversion efficiency of about 4.8 % under irradiation by white light (65.2 mW cm –2 ). The introduction of PVDF (which contains the highly electronegative element fluorine) and TiO 2 nanoparticles into the PEO electrolyte increases the ionic conductivity (by about two orders of magnitude) and effectively reduces the recombination rate at the interface of the TiO 2 and the solid‐state electrolyte, thus enhancing the performance of the solar cell.
Direct Coupling of Semi‐micro Liquid Chromatography and Sonic Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Pesticide Analysis (1996)

Direct coupling of semi-micro liquid chromatography and sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry is demonstrated and shown to be a very powerful technique for pesticide analysis. Direct coupling is achieved by using a high flow rate of nitrogen gas in sonic spray ionization and a high operating temperature in the sampling orifice of the atmospheric ionization mass spectrometer. The detection limit for simazine is about 300 fmol based on quantitative analysis in the range between 1 pmol and 1 nmol. A mixture of three pesticides was successfully analyzed using semi-micro liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
PARP-1: A Regulator of Genomic Stability Linked with Mammalian Longevity (2001)

Guardian of the genome: Covalent modification of proteins with poly(ADP-ribose) (see picture), catalysed by the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), is a rapid cellular response to DNA damage and contributes to genome stabilization in cells under genotoxic stress. Interestingly, the capacity of lymphocytes to produce poly(ADP-ribose) is correlated with the life span of mammalian species, thus suggesting a functional role for PARP-1 in longevity.
Measurement of the pyroelectric coefficient of poly(vinylidene fluoride) down to 3 K (1997)

The temperature dependence of the pyroelectric coefficient ${\mathrm{p}}^{|\mathrm{I}\mathrm{H}}$ of polyvinylidene fluoride (${\mathrm{PVF}}_{2}$) was measured from 307 K to the previously unexplored region of 3 K. The measurements were performed on a film of oriented (\ensuremath{\mathrm{B}}-phase) ${\mathrm{PVF}}_{2}$ by monitoring its surface charge response to quasistatic heating and cooling transients. The data exhibit a pure cubic temperature dependence from 3 to 6 K with no evidence of a linear term. This is consistent with the prediction by Szigeti and the Debye limit, respectively, for the primary (i.e., strain-free) and secondary contributions to pyroelectricity. The data from \ensuremath{\sim}20 to \ensuremath{\sim}150 K, which include the region of largest change, are well fit by an exponential function (i.e., ${\mathrm{a}}_{0}$${\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{T}}$), corresponding to a thermal activation energy of \ensuremath{\theta}=(25.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06) K. Our data for ${\mathrm{p}}^{|\mathrm{I}\mathrm{H}}$, from 100 to 250 K, are approximately proportional to the thermal expansion coefficient, recently published by Hartwig, which indicates that the observed pyroelectricity is dominated by piezoelectric (i.e., secondary) contributions in that temperature regime.
Comparison of four different systems shows best FCC power recovery option (1984)

The economics of power recovery in fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCU's) and the service life of expansion turbines are of continuing high interest in the refining industry. Although power recovery has been applied to FCC units for over two decades, a large amount of power can still be tapped in retrofit operations. Also, the active market for new cat crackers justifies a review of the economics of power recovery in FCCU installations. This article covers energy savings of an expander-driven FCC main air compressor vs. a conventional motor or steam-turbine-driven unit. Economic advantages of retrofit of an expander/generator train into an existing FCCU and hot gas expansion turbines in FCC service from an erosion standpoint are also reviewed.