gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delay-Dependent Robust Load Frequency Control for Time Delay Power Systems (2013)

The usage of communication channels introduces time delays into load frequency control (LFC) schemes. Those delays may degrade dynamic performance, and even cause instability, of a closed-loop LFC scheme. In this paper, a delay-dependent robust method is proposed for analysis/synthesis of a PID-type LFC scheme considering time delays. The effect of the disturbance on the controlled output is defined as a robust performance index (RPI) of the closed-loop system. At first, for a preset delay upper bound, controller gains are determined by minimizing the RPI. Secondly, calculation of the RPIs of the closed-loop system under different delays provides a new way to assess robustness against delays and estimate delay margins. Case studies are based on three-area LFC schemes under traditional and deregulated environments, respectively. The results show that the PID-type controller obtained can guarantee the tolerance for delays less than the preset upper bound and provide a bigger delay margin than the existing controllers do. Moreover, its robustness against load variations and parameter uncertainties is verified via simulation studies.
Multiplexed single-mode wavelength-to-time mapping of multimode light (2017)

When an optical pulse propagates along an optical fibre, different wavelengths travel at different group velocities. As a result, wavelength information is converted into arrival-time information, a process known as wavelength-to-time mapping. This phenomenon is most cleanly observed using a single-mode fibre transmission line, where spatial mode dispersion is not present, but the use of such fibres restricts possible applications. Here we demonstrate that photonic lanterns based on tapered single-mode multicore fibres provide an efficient way to couple multimode light to an array of single-photon avalanche detectors, each of which has its own time-to-digital converter for time-correlated single-photon counting. Exploiting this capability, we demonstrate the multiplexed single-mode wavelength-to-time mapping of multimode light using a multicore fibre photonic lantern with 121 single-mode cores, coupled to 121 detectors on a 32 × 32 detector array. This work paves the way to efficient multimode wavelength-to-time mapping systems with the spectral performance of single-mode systems.
Automatic solution for detection, identification and biomedical monitoring of a cow using remote sensing for optimised treatment of cattle (2014)

In this paper we show how a novel photonic remote sensing system assembled on a robotic platform can extract vital biomedical parameters from cattle including their heart beating, breathing and chewing activity. The sensor is based upon a camera and a laser using selfinterference phenomena. The whole system intends to provide an automatic solution for detection, identification and biomedical monitoring of a cow. The detection algorithm is based upon image processing involving probability map construction. The identification algorithms involve well known image pattern recognition techniques. The sensor is used on top of an automated robotic platform in order to support animal decision making. Field tests and computer simulated results are presented.
Design of Fault-Tolerant Dual Three-Phase Winding PMSM for Helicopter Landing Gear EMA (2018)

On modern rotorcraft, electro-mechanical actuators (EMAs) are progressively replacing the bulky and more expensive hydraulic and/or pneumatic systems. Although the migration towards alternative actuation solutions, reliability remains a key requirement for aerospace applications. Fault-tolerant electrical machines are often employed for ensuring the demanded reliability level. In this paper, the design of a dual three-phase winding permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) for helicopter nose landing gear extension/retraction EMA is addressed. Finite element (FE) simulations are used for evaluating the PMSM performance in both healthy and faulty conditions. The compensation strategy implemented on the healthy three-phase winding, while the second one is completely shorted, is also discussed. Finally, a purposely built dual three-phase winding PMSM model is implemented in Dymola environment, where the extension/retraction EMA is simulated. Hence, EMA behaviour under both healthy and faulty conditions is analysed.
Nucleus accumbens microcircuit underlying D2-MSN-driven increase in motivation (2018)

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a central role in reinforcement and motivation.Around 95% of the NAc neurons are medium spiny neurons (MSNs), divided into those expressing dopamine receptor D1 (D1R) or dopamine receptor D2 (D2R).Optogenetic activation of D2-MSNs increased motivation, whereas inhibition of these neurons produced the opposite effect.Yet, it is still unclear how activation of D2-MSNs affects other local neurons/interneurons or input terminals and how this contributes for motivation enhancement.To answer this question, in this work we combined optogenetic modulation of D2-MSNs with in loco pharmacological delivery of specific neurotransmitter antagonists in rats.First, we showed that optogenetic activation of D2-MSNs increases motivation in a progressive ratio (PR) task.We demonstrated that this behavioral effect relies on cholinergicdependent modulation of dopaminergic signalling of ventral tegmental area (VTA) terminals, which requires D1R and D2R signalling in the NAc.D2-MSN optogenetic activation decreased ventral pallidum (VP) activity, reducing the inhibitory tone to VTA, leading to increased dopaminergic activity.Importantly, optogenetic activation of D2-MSN terminals in the VP was sufficient to recapitulate the motivation enhancement.In summary, our data suggests that optogenetic stimulation of NAc D2-MSNs indirectly modulates VTA dopaminergic activity, contributing for increased motivation.Moreover, both types of dopamine receptors signalling in the NAc are required in order to produce the positive behavioral effects.
Buffer solutions of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium succinate at 25 ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â°C (1963)

A buffer mixture consisting of equal molalities (<i>m</i>) of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium succinate is proposed as a useful reference point in the study of acid-base equilibria, bridging the present gap between <i>p</i>H 5.5 and <i>p</i>H 6.8. The <i>p</i>(a<sub>H</sub> <i>γ</i> <sub>Cl</sub>) at 25 °C has been determined by electromotive-force measurements for five buffer solutions in which <i>m</i> varied from 0.005 to 0.025. The conventional <i>pa</i> <sub>H</sub> of each solution has been derived and found to be in good agreement with that calculated from existing data for the two equilibria concerned. The <i>pa</i> <sub>H</sub> varies from 6.251 at <i>m</i>=0.005 to 6.109 at <i>m</i>= 0.025. The buffer mixture has been used successfully for the determination of the dissociation constants of 2-nitro-4-chlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol.
Artificial and Bioartificial Support Systems for Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (2003)

This review suggests that artificial support systems reduce mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure compared with standard medical therapy. Artificial and bioartificial support systems did not appear to affect mortality in acute liver failure.
Fundamentals of flocculation (1989)

Flocculation (aggregation) of particles is a vital stage in many solid‐liquid separation operations. The process usually involves some form of chemical destabilization and a step in which particles collide and form aggregates (flocs). Destabilization may involve simply overcoming any repulsive forces between particles, as with simple salts, “bridging” between particles by polymeric flocculants, or the precipitation of metal hydroxides leading to “sweep flocculation” as with aluminum and iron salts. Recent work on interparticle forces, the action of polymeric flocculants, and the nature of species produced by hydrolyzing metal salts is reviewed and the relevance to practical flocculation processes is discussed. The kinetics of particle aggregation, aggregate size distribution, and the morphology of aggregates have received a great deal of fundamental attention recently. Most of this work is concerned with rather ideal systems, but conclusions of much wider applicability can be drawn. In particular, the relationship between floc density and floc size, a subject of much empirical observation, can be rationalized on the basis of these new ideas.
<title>Correcting for proximity effect widens process latitude</title> (1994)

The optical proximity effect can be a substantial fraction of the CD error budget. It is insufficient to determine the proximity effect as the difference between line-width in an equal line/gap pattern with that of an isolated line. Other geometries may have greater proximity induced line-width errors. We present here a comprehensive, four parameter, analytic process to characterize actual proximity. It is shown that when individual, geometry-dependent line bias is applied line-width uniformity can be reduced to the +/- 10 nm range. Using the +/- 10% CD criteria, individual line bias expands the range of exposure dose and depth of focus.
The Communication of Non-Profit Organizations with Their Stakeholders in the Light of the Direct Research (2014)

The paper is devoted to the issue of communication of non-profit organizations\nwith their stakeholders. It presents the addressees of promotional activities,\nforms of contacting various groups of interest as well as instruments and scope\nof marketing communication activities undertaken by organizations. The\npaper is based on the conducted direct research. Proper communication with\nthe environment is vital for non-profit organizations functioning in the market.\nThe surveyed entities used various forms of contacting their stakeholders, both\ndirect and indirect ones. Particular instruments of marketing communication\nhave been used to different extent by the organizations.
Effect of Water on the Structure and Dynamics of Regenerated [3-<sup>13</sup>C] Ser, [3-<sup>13</sup>C] , and [3-<sup>13</sup>C] Ala-<i>Bombyx mori</i> Silk Fibroin Studied with <sup>13</sup>C Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2018)

The effects of water on the structure and dynamics of natural and regenerated silk fibroin (SF) samples were studied using <sup>13</sup>C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We prepared different types of SF materials, sponges, and fibers with different preparation methods and compared their NMR spectra in the dry and hydrated states. Three kinds of <sup>13</sup>C NMR techniques, r-INEPT, CP/MAS, and DD/MAS, coupled with <sup>13</sup>C isotope labeling of Ser, Tyr, and Ala residues were used. In the hydrated sponges, several conformations, that is, Silk I* and two kinds of β-sheets, A and B, random coil, and highly mobile hydrated random coil were observed, and the fractions were determined. The fractions were remarkably different among the three sponges but with only small differences among the regenerated and native fibers. The increase in the fraction of β-sheet B might be one of the structural factors for preparing stronger regenerated SF fiber.
Failure to Detect <i>connexin43</i> Mutations in 38 Cases of Sporadic and Familial Heterotaxy (1996)

Randomly selected cases of heterotaxy are unlikely to be the result of mutations in cx43.
ENZYMATIC INTRODUCTION OF DOUBLE BONDS INTO STEROID RING A (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTENZYMATIC INTRODUCTION OF DOUBLE BONDS INTO STEROID RING AH. Richard Levy and Paul TalalayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 10, 2658–2659Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01567a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01567a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Gas Chromatographic Procedure for the Determination of Airborne MDI and TDI (1983)

A method is described for the analysis of airborne diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) using gas-liquid chromatography. The diisocyanates are collected in acidic absorbing solution where they undergo hydrolysis, converted to the free diamines with caustic, and extracted into toluene. The diamines are derivatized in the toluene with heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA). These derivatives are analyzed by GLC using an electron capture detector. The method has the advantages of specificity for the two diisocyanates, while demonstrating excellent accuracy and precision. A value one-tenth of the NIOSH recommended Occupational Health Standard for either compound may easily be detected in a 40 liter air sample.
Limited Dissemination and Shedding of the UL128 Complex-Intact, UL/b′-Defective Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Strain 180.92 (2014)

An effective vaccine against human CMV infection will need to target genes that are essential for virus propagation and transmission. The human CMV UL128 complex represents one such candidate antigen since it is essential for endothelial and epithelial cell tropism, and is a target for neutralizing antibodies in CMV-infected individuals. In this study, we used the rhesus macaque animal model of CMV infection to investigate the in vivo function of the UL128 complex. Using experimental infection of rhesus macaques with a rhesus CMV virus variant that contained an intact UL128 complex but was missing several other genes, we show that the presence of the UL128 complex alone is not sufficient for widespread tissue dissemination and virus excretion. These data highlight the importance of in vivo studies in evaluating human CMV gene function and suggest that additional UL/b' genes are required for optimal CMV dissemination and transmission.
A flux voltmeter for magnetic-tests (1926)

A voltmeter is described for a-c. circuits the voltage indications of which are directly proportional to the maximum flux density, regardless of the wave shape of the voltage. While the instrument is suitable for many varieties of magnetic tests, its most important application is to the reduction of transformer coreloss measurements to sine-wave basis. Test data indicate excellent accuracy for the meter in this application in comparison with other schemes or outfits used at the present time for that purpose. Losses determined by this new meter are, in general, appreciably larger than those determined by the older methods. The new meter makes it unnecessary to use, for reliable results, large generators to reduce the wave distortion caused by transformer excitation loads, and permits the use of any generator that will carry the load thermally.
A HIGH SPEED WORD MATCHING ALGORITHM FOR HANDWRITTEN CHINESE CHARACTER RECOGNITION (1990)

A new high speed word matching algorithm for handwritten Chinese character recomition- is presented. A continuous string without delimiting space is recognized in real time by using this algorithm. Errors and rejects of an optical character reader arc corrected to meaningful characters with the help of a dictionary. This algorithm uses a finite state automaton (FSA); the FSA&apos;s transition table is condensed by the representation device of the FSA to reduce the processing time of table generation and state transitions. Words can be extracted from any position in the continuous string. The recognition process is 6.8 times faster than a conventional automaton-type algorithm. The algorithm was run on 5,032 handwritten Japanese sample addresses. In the experiment, 96.6 percent of the recognition errors and rejects wcrc corrected in real time. 1.
A Multi-Hit Model for the Neutralization of Animal Viruses (1978)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Measurement of the physical properties of the snowpack (2015)

Abstract This paper reviews measurement techniques and corresponding devices used to determine the physical properties of the seasonal snowpack from distances close to the ground surface. The review is placed in the context of the need for scientific observations of snowpack variables that provide inputs for predictive hydrological models that help to advance scientific understanding of geophysical processes related to snow in the near‐surface cryosphere. Many of these devices used to measure snow are invasive and require the snowpack to be disrupted, thereby precluding the possibility for multiple measurements to be made at the same sampling location. Moreover, many devices rely on the use of empirical calibration equations that may not be valid at all geographic locations. The spatial density of observations with most snow measurement devices is often inadequate. There is a need for improved automation of snowpack measurement instrumentation with an emphasis on field‐based feedback of measurement validity in lieu of postprocessing of samples or data at a lab or office location. The scientific future of snow measurement instrumentation thereby requires a synthesis between science and engineering principles that takes into consideration geophysics and the physics of device operation.
Kosovo - Energy Sector Clean-Up and Land Reclamation Project (2006)

The Kosovo Energy Sector Clean-Up and Land Reclamation Project aims to: (a) address environmental legacy issues related to open dumping of ashes on land; (b) enable the Kosovo Energy Corporation (KEK) to free land for community development purposes currently taken by overburden materials and enable KEK to remove Kosovo A ash dump; and(c) build capacity in KEK for continued clean-up and environmentally good practice mining operations. The Project has four components: Component A will prepare the Mirash open pit mine to receive and store ash from the Kosovo A Thermal Power Plant and the ash removed from Kosovo A's open ash dump. Component B will support the full removal of ash and overburden materials from the Kosovo A ash storage facility; transportation of these materials to the disposal site in the Mirash mine; and proper backfilling of the mine prepared under Component A. Component C will reclaim about 6.5 km2 (650 ha) of land through reshaping and re-cultivating the overburden dumps in the South Field and locations west of the Bar& mine. Component D provides project implementation support to KEK.
The implications of projected climate change for freshwater resources and their management (2008)

(2008). The implications of projected climate change for freshwater resources and their management. Hydrological Sciences Journal: Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 3-10.
Rule-based improvement of maximum likelihood classified LIDAR data fused with co-registered bands (2006)

In the past decade, LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) has been recognised by both the commercial and public sector as a reliable and accurate source for land surveying. Object classification in LIDAR data tends towards data fusion by employing additional simultaneously recorded bands. In this paper, a rule-based approach is presented for improving classification accuracy obtained in a supervised classification based on Maximum Likelihood using high resolution LIDAR data, co-registered bands, and further height derived texture features. The issues regarding feature and class selection as well as differentiated accuracy assessment are addressed. The results show that incorporating additional knowledge and considering relationship among classes is beneficial for improving classification accuracy in fused LIDAR data sets. 1
Spectral calibration in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2008)

A novel spectral calibration method is developed for spectral domain optical coherence tomography system. The method is based on two measurements of interference spectra from two reference mirror positions. It removes the influence of dispersion mismatch, and hence accurately determines the spectral distribution on the line-scan charge-coupled device (CCD) for sequent precise interpolation. High quality imaging can be realized with this method. Elimination of the degradation effect caused by dispersion mismatch is verified experimentally, and improved two-dimensional (2D) imaging of fresh orange pulp based on the proposed spectral calibration method is demonstrated.
Range Sensing With a Scheimpflug Camera and a CMOS Sensor/Processor Chip (2004)

An image-based range-sensing technique is presented. The technique is originally considered for highway collision avoidance applications, but its generality makes it suitable for application in robotics, manufacturing, and metrology, as well. It relies on depth from focus but, unlike conventional techniques, it extracts range with a single unmodulated Scheimpflug camera in continuous time. The range extraction algorithm is memoryless and simple enough to be implemented on the same chip with photosensors. The technique deploys a sensor plane that is tilted at a nonorthogonal angle with respect to the optical axis of the lens and the optical axis intersects the sensor plane at the focal point. This optical arrangement creates a focusable object plane in an orientation parallel to the optical axis and, thus, enables range sensing along the same axis. This paper elaborates on the details of focus sensing on the tilted sensor plane, describes the CMOS sensor/processor chip designed and prototyped for this application, and presents experimental results.
Factors That Alter Rumen Microbial Ecology (2001)

Ruminant animals and ruminal microorganisms have a symbiotic relationship that facilitates fiber digestion, but domestic ruminants in developed countries are often fed an abundance of grain and little fiber. When ruminants are fed fiber-deficient rations, physiological mechanisms of homeostasis are disrupted, ruminal pH declines, microbial ecology is altered, and the animal becomes more susceptible to metabolic disorders and, in some cases, infectious disease. Some disorders can be counteracted by feed additives (for example, antibiotics and buffers), but these additives can alter the composition of the ruminal ecosystem even further.
A rapid slide agglutination test for the serodiagnosis of Brucella canis infection that employs a variant (M-) organism as antigen. (1987)

An improved antigen is described for use in the serodiagnosis of canine brucellosis. The novel antigen employs a less mucoid (M-) variant of B. canis. The replacement of Brucella ovis with B. canis (M-) cells as antigen in slide agglutination tests would increase accuracy by reducing the rate of false positive results from ca. 50% to ca. 10%. Rose bengal stained B. canis (M-) cells are slightly more sensitive than the commercially available Brucella ovis as slide test antigens. Both test procedures require brief (less than 1 min) reaction with 2-mercaptoethanol in order to reduce the rate of false positive reactions.