gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of network anomalies in flow level network traffic using Bayesian networks (2018)

Network security is a topical issue today for everyone connected to Internet. However, malicious users try to obtain unauthorized access to network resources, affecting integrity, confidentiality, and availability. As a consequence, researchers, developers and network administrators have created many security mechanisms in order to enhance security. Among the security solutions that we can find in the market, Intrusion Detection Systems monitor inbound and outbound network activity, identifying suspicious traffic. IDS compare typical network activity with daily network activity, searching for anomalous traffic. If the IDS detects anomalous traffic, it sends an alert. In this work, we propose a Bayesian network classifier, which can detect normal or anomalous traffic. Through our Bayesian network model, it is possible to describe the cause-effect relationships that exist between the traffic features. Due to the high dimensionality of the data, and to the widespread use of the networks, we used a flow-level analysis, which saved a considerable computational load. We focus on network worms and brute force attacks, using the datasets of UNB ISCX IDS 2012 and UAN W32.Worms 2008. Results in terms of false positive and true positive rates show that the performance of the model has a high efficiency for classification of normal traffic and the set of selected attacks.
Simultaneous Segmentation of Multiple Organs Using Random Walks (2016)

Random walks-based (RW) segmentation methods have been proven to have a potential application in segmenting the medical image with minimal interactive guidance. However, the approach leads to large-scale graphs due to number of nodes equal to voxel number. Also, segmentation is inaccurate because of the unavailability of appropriate initial seed points. It is a challenge to use the RW-based segmentation algorithm to segment organ regions from 3D medical images interactively. In this paper, a knowledge-based segmentation framework for multiple organs is proposed based on random walks. This method employs the previous segmented slice as prior knowledge (the shape and intensity constraints) for automatic segmentation of other slices, which can reduce the graph scale and significantly speed up the optimization procedure of the graph. To assess the efficiency of our proposed method, experiments were performed on liver tissues, spleen tissues and hepatic cancer and it was extensively evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. Comparing our method with conventional RW and state-of-the-art interactive segmentation methods, our results show an improvement in the accuracy for multi-organ segmentation (p<0.001).
Reduced density operators and the <i>N</i>‐particle problem (1978)

Abstract An historical review of the theory of reduced density operators is given emphasizing the key role of the second order reduced matrix and related new concepts for understanding systems of many interacting fermions.
Total Syntheses of (−)-Macrolactin A, (+)-Macrolactin E, and (−)-Macrolactinic Acid:  An Exercise in Stille Cross-Coupling Chemistry (1998)

The total syntheses of the potent antiviral agent (−)-macrolactin A (1) and two related family members, (+)-macrolactin E (5) and (−)-macrolactinic acid (7), have been achieved, exploiting a unified, convergent, and highly stereocontrolled strategy. Extensive use of the palladium-catalyzed Stille cross-coupling reaction for the stereospecific construction of the three isolated dienes including macrocyclization formed the cornerstone of the successful strategy. The total syntheses of these natural products, no longer available via fermentation, confirm their relative and absolute stereochemistries and provide access to possible analogues for further biological study.
Adhesion and Colonization of Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 in Cecum of Mice (2003)

Infectious diseases due to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are characterized by diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The adherence of EHEC on intestinal epithelial cells is a first step for developing these diseases. In the present study, we examined whether EHEC O157:H7 adhere to intestinal epithelial cells of mice and cause F-actin accumulation in the epithelial cells following the intragastric inoculation of the pathogen. Fecal shedding of the EHEC O157:H7 strain was observed in ICR mice up to 3 weeks. Fecal shedding periods of the type III secretion system-related gene (espA and sepL) deletion mutants were clearly shorter than that of the wild-type EHEC O157:H7 strain. The EHEC O157:H7 colonies were found on the epithelial surfaces of the ceca in association with F-actin accumulation beneath the attached bacteria.
<title>Analysis and design of pixelated diffractive elements in the Fresnel domain</title> (2000)

We describe the Fresnel field of pixelated diffractive elements with simple formulas. These formulas are employed to compute the reconstruction field of finite Talbot array illuminators and to analyze the performance of pixelated lenses. A simple relation to analyze the diffraction efficiency of pixelated lenses is presented. We also show that a pixelated lens with the appropriate parameters exhibits an apodized point spread function that is originated in the finite size of the pixel's pupil. This effect, that we call self-apodization, is experimentally verified by encoding a one-dimensional pixelated lens onto a liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
[Granulosa cells as indicators of oocyte quality]. (2006)

Granulosa-cumulus cells are located around the oocyte and may be involved in competence acquisition and in the resumption of oocyte meiosis. We assessed Bax expression in granulosa-cumulus cells and its correlation to in vitro resumption of oocyte meiosis in women presenting PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome), as well as the role of the chemokine SDF1-CXCL12 in human preovulatory follicle in the follow-up of granulosa cell survival and embryo quality in IVF.
Radiation‐induced copolymerization of acrylonitrile with styrene (1964)

Abstract Radiation‐induced copolymerization of acrylonitrile with styrene was carried out over a wide range of temperatures. It was found that the rate of copolymerization is proportional to the square root of the dose rate. An apparent activation energy of 6.90 kcal./mole was obtained for the copolymerization in an equimolar mixture of monomers. The rate of copolymerization increased with the molar concentration of acrylonitrile in the monomer mixture. Monomer reactivity ratios were determined as r AN = 0.03, r St = 0.33 for the copolymerization at 15 and 0°C., r AN = 0.28, r St = 0 at −20°C. in the liquid state of monomers. On the other hand, the monomer reactivity ratios were obtained as r AN ≃ 0 and r St ≃ 0 for the copolymerization in the solid state at −78°C. It was concluded from these experimental results that there is a great difference between the liquid‐state and solid‐state copolymerizations, both in the polymerization mechanism and the structure of copolymers.
Thermal Behavior of Aerospace Spur Gears in Normal and Loss-of-Lubrication Conditions (2015)

Testing of instrumented spur gears operating at aerospace rotorcraft conditions was conducted. The instrumented gears were operated in a normal and in a loss-of-lubrication environment. Thermocouples were utilized to measure the temperature at various locations on the test gears and a test utilized a full-field, high-speed infrared thermal imaging system. Data from thermocouples was recorded during all testing at 1 Hz. One test had the gears shrouded and a second test was run without the shrouds to permit the infrared thermal imaging system to take date during loss-of-lubrication operation. Both tests using instrumented spur gears were run in normal and loss-of-lubrication conditions. Also the result from four other loss-of-lubrication tests will be presented. In these tests two different torque levels were used while operating at the same rotational speed (10000 rpm).
The immunomodulatory effects of human mesenchymal stem cells on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in <scp>ALS</scp> patients (2014)

Abstract In a previous study, we reported that intrathecal injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) slowed disease progression in G93A mutant superoxide dismutase1 transgenic mice. In this study, we found that intrathecal MSC administration vastly increased the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the spinal cord of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice (G93A mutant superoxide dismutase1 transgenic). Thus, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in ALS patients, focusing on regulatory T lymphocytes ( T reg ; CD4 + /CD25 high /FoxP3 + ) and the mRNA expression of several cytokines (IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐17, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐13, and TGF‐β). Peripheral blood samples were obtained from nine healthy controls (HC) and sixteen patients who were diagnosed with definite or probable ALS. Isolated PBMCs from the blood samples of all subjects were co‐cultured with MSCs for 24 or 72 h. Based on a fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis, we found that co‐culture with MSCs increased the T reg /total T‐lymphocyte ratio in the PBMCs from both groups according to the co‐culture duration. Co‐culture of PBMCs with MSCs for 24 h led to elevated mRNA levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐10 in the PBMCs from both groups. However, after co‐culturing for 72 h, although the IFN‐γ mRNA level had returned to the basal level in co‐cultured HC PBMCs, the IFN‐γ mRNA level in co‐cultured ALS PBMCs remained elevated. Additionally, the levels of IL‐4 and TGF‐β were markedly elevated, along with Gata3 mRNA, a Th2 transcription factor mRNA , in both HC and ALS PBMCs co‐cultured for 72 h. The elevated expression of these cytokines in the co‐culture supernatant was confirmed via ELISA. Furthermore, we found that the increased mRNA level of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) in the co‐cultured MSCs was correlated with the increase in T reg induction. These findings of T reg induction and increased anti‐inflammatory cytokine expression in co‐cultured ALS PBMCs provide indirect evidence that MSCs may play a role in the immunomodulation of inflammatory responses when MSC therapy is targeted to ALS patients. image We propose the following mechanism for the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) administered intrathecally in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): MSCs increase infiltration of peripheral immune cells into CNS and skew the infiltrated immune cells toward regulatory T lymphocytes ( T reg ) and Th2 lymphocytes. T reg and Th2 secret anti‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐4, IL‐10, and TGF‐β. A series of immunomodulatory mechanism provides a new strategy for ALS treatment.
Isolation of Influenza A H1N2 Viruses from an Outbreak in Yokohama City during the 2001 - 2002 Influenza Season in Japan (2003)

Emergence of Influenza A H1N2 viruses was documented worldwide during the 2001-2002 influenza season. In Japan, H1N2 viruses were isolated from two students of a junior high school in an influenza outbreak in Yokohama City, February 2001. Genetic and antigenic analyses demonstrated that the H1N2 viruses isolated in Japan shared common features with those isolated in other countries.
An Automatic Audiometer for Air Force Classification Centers (1956)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation F. A. Brogan; An Automatic Audiometer for Air Force Classification Centers. Noise Control 1 May 1956; 2 (3): 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2369208 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaNoise Control Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Syntheses and Structures of Alkyl and Aryl Halide Complexes of the Type [(PiPr<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>PtH(η<sup>1</sup>-XR)]BAr<sub>f</sub> and Analogues with Et<sub>2</sub>O, THF, and H<sub>2</sub> Ligands. Halide-to-Metal π Bonding in Halocarbon Complexes (1996)

The reaction of Pt(PiPr3)3 with SO2 led to the formation of (PiPr3)2Pt(SO2) (1), isolated in 93% yield. The addition of [H(OEt2)2]+BArf (BArf = B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4) to 1 in ether at −78 °C afforded the solvent complex trans-[(PiPr3)2Pt(H)(OEt2)]BArf (2) in 85% isolated yield. Complex 2 served as a precursor to monodentate halocarbon complexes of the type Pt(η1-XR). The dichloromethane complex trans-[(PiPr3)2Pt(H)(η1-ClCH2Cl)]BArf (3) was isolated in 80% yield by the recrystallization of 2 from CH2Cl2/hexane. IR spectroscopy suggested the existence of dichloromethane binding which was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The reaction of 2 or 3 with iodo- or bromobenzene led to the isolation of the haloarene complexes trans-[(PiPr3)2Pt(H)(η1-XPh)]BArf, where X = I (4, 87% yield) or Br (5, 60% yield). Both compounds were characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray crystallography. An unexpected steric interaction in 4, suggested by molecular mechanics calculations to be significant, was rationalized in terms of halide-to-metal π bonding. The PhI complex 4 decomposed under harsh conditions to the bridging iodide compound {trans-[(PiPr3)2Pt(H)]2(μ-I)}BArf (6) which was structurally characterized. The THF adduct [(PiPr3)2Pt(H)(THF)]BArf (7), isolated in 78% yield and also characterized by X-ray crystallography, was formed when any of the compounds 2, 3, 4, or 5 was dissolved in THF. The CH2Cl2 complex 3 reacted with H2 to form the dihydrogen complex trans-[(PiPr3)2Pt(H)(η2-H2)]BArf which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy.
The Fractional Crystallization of Plagioclase in the Hat Creek Basalt: Observations and Theory (1982)

Plagioclase in the Hat Creek high alumina olivine tholeiite decreases in anorthite (An) component with crystallization. Petrography reveals the composition of plagioclase that formed at various stages of crystallization represented by microporphyritic glassy tops of the flow and by segregation veins and their residual glasses. The plagioclase ranges from An79 in the cores of microphenocrysts to An9 rims on crystals in glass-bearing segregation veins as the fraction of crystallization increases from 0 to 0.9. The temperatures of crystallization corresponding to the various fractions of crystallization are estimated on the basis of olivine/liquid and magnetite/ilmenite geothermometry and linear interpolation. The temperatures ranged from 1237°C to 980°C. Supercooling was less than 20°C initially. Most of the plagioclase microphenocrysts have An consistent with the plagioclase geothermometer. Plagioclase in most of the segregation veins differs from that expected. The derived histogram of amount of plagioclase versus its composition reveals that the mode lies at the An-rich end of the spectrum with successively smaller amounts formed in more sodic intervals. The curve for composition versus crystallization extrapolates to pure albite at about 100% crystallized. Except for the anomalous segregation veins, the observations agree with a modified theory for perfect fractional crystallization of plagioclase in dry basaltic magma. The anomalous segregation veins apparently lost or gained residual liquid and some inherited microphenocrysts which were carried in during vein formation. The compositional spectrum of plagioclase in basaltic and gabbroic rocks can be used to substantiate closed system fractional crystallization.
Reaction of β‐keto ethyleneacetals with hydroxylamine: A correction (1993)

Abstract A reaction of 2‐(2‐nitrobenzoylmethyl)‐1,3‐dioxolane ( 3 ) with hydroxylamine, followed by acid catalyzed cyclization, produced 5‐(2‐nitrophenyl)isoxazole ( 5 ) as the only isolable product, whereas 2‐(benzoylmethyl)‐1,3‐dioxolane ( 9 ) under identical conditions produced a 2.5:1 mixture of 3‐phenyl and 5‐phenylisoxazoles 10 and 11 . These findings contradict the literature report that β‐keto ethyleneacetals on treatment with hydroxylamine produce exclusively 3‐substituted isoxazoles. As an additional proof, 3‐(2‐nitrophenyl)isoxazole ( 8 ) was prepared by an unambiguous method via the nitrile oxide route for comparison. The intermediate obtained on treatment of 2‐(2‐nitrobenzoylmethyl)‐1,3‐dioxolane ( 3 ) with hydroxylamine was found to be an isomeric mixture of 5‐hydroxy‐5‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐isoxazoline ( 4 ) and the syn and anti mono‐oximes 19 (at least in solution), either of which could give 5‐(2‐nitrophenyl)isoxazole ( 5 ) on acid treatment. A mechanistic rationale is provided to explain the anomalous results.
Evaluation of intraocular lens power prediction methods using the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons Post-Keratorefractive Intraocular Lens Power Calculator (2010)

Methods using surgically induced change in refraction and methods using no previous data gave better results than methods using pre-LASIK/PRK K values and surgically induced change in refraction.
X-DeepSCA: Cross-Device Deep Learning Side Channel Attack. (2019)

This article, for the first time, demonstrates Cross-device Deep Learning Side-Channel Attack (X-DeepSCA), achieving an accuracy of > 99.9%, even in presence of significantly higher inter-device variations compared to the inter-key variations. Augmenting traces captured from multiple devices for training and with proper choice of hyper-parameters, the proposed 256-class Deep Neural Network (DNN) learns accurately from the power side-channel leakage of an AES-128 target encryption engine, and an N-trace (N ≤ 10) X-DeepSCA attack breaks different target devices within seconds compared to a few minutes for a correlational power analysis (CPA) attack, thereby increasing the threat surface for embedded devices significantly. Even for low SNR scenarios, the proposed X-DeepSCA attack achieves ~ 10× lower minimum traces to disclosure (MTD) compared to a traditional CPA. CCS Concepts • Security and privacy $\rightarrow $ Embedded systems security; Side-channel analysis and countermeasures.
Bibliography on molecular and crystal structure models (1960)

Report that briefly describes many of the models of crystal and molecular structures which have appeared in the literature, and presents a bibliography of the publications, grouped according to model types, which describe the models in more detail.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Interchange of the Morpheein Forms of Human Porphobilinogen Synthase (2008)

A morpheein is a homo-oligomeric protein that can adopt different nonadditive quaternary assemblies (morpheein forms) with different functionalities. The human porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) morpheein forms are a high activity octamer, a low activity hexamer, and two structurally distinct dimer conformations. Conversion between hexamer and octamer involves dissociation to dimers, conformational change at the dimer level, followed by association to the alternate assembly. The current work promotes an alternative and novel view of the physiologically relevant dimeric structures, which are derived from the crystal structures, but are distinct from the asymmetric units of their crystal forms. Using a well characterized heteromeric system (WT+F12L; Tang, L. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 15786-15793), extensive study of the human PBGS morpheein reequilibration process now reveals that the intervening dimers do not dissociate to monomers. The morpheein equilibria of wild type (WT) human PBGS are found to respond to changes in pH, PBGS concentration, and substrate turnover. Notably, the WT enzyme is predominantly an octamer at neutral pH, but increasing pH results in substantial conversion to lower order oligomers. Most significantly, the free energy of activation for the conversion of WT+F12L human PBGS heterohexamers to hetero-octamers is determined to be the same as that for the catalytic conversion of substrate to product by the octamer, remarkably suggesting a common rate-limiting step for both processes, which is postulated to be the opening/closing of the active site lid.
Defective association of dystrophin with sarcolemmal glycoproteins in the cardiomyopathic hamster heart (1993)

In ventricular muscle from 30- to 60-day-old Bio 14.6 cardiomyopathic hamsters, dystrophin-associated glycoproteins of 43, 50 and 150 kDa are markedly reduced in abundance. In particular, the 50-kDa glycoprotein is totally deficient in the sarcolemma of myopathic ventricular myocytes as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy. The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex formation is defective in the cardiomyopathic hamster heart, because dystrophin and the glycoproteins behave independently when digitonin-solubilized ventricular homogenates are fractionated on wheat germ agglutinin beads or anti-dystrophin immunoaffinity beads.
Recognition Stage for a Speed Supervisor Based on Road Sign Detection (2012)

Traffic accidents are still one of the main health problems in the World. A number of measures have been applied in order to reduce the number of injuries and fatalities in roads, i.e., implementation of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) based on image processing. In this paper, a real time speed supervisor based on road sign recognition that can work both in urban and non-urban environments is presented. The system is able to recognize 135 road signs, belonging to the danger, yield, prohibition obligation and indication types, and sends warning messages to the driver upon the combination of two pieces of information: the current speed of the car and the road sign symbol. The core of this paper is the comparison between the two main methods which have been traditionally used for detection and recognition of road signs: template matching (TM) and neural networks (NN). The advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches will be shown and commented. Additionally we will show how the use of well-known algorithms to avoid illumination issues reduces the amount of images needed to train a neural network.
TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CELL-WALL ACYL TYPE IN CORYNEBACTERIUM-MYCOBACTERIUM-NOCARDIA GROUP BY A GLYCOLATE TEST (1979)

Glycolate test was carried out on 86 cultures including 51 coryneform bacteria, 13 nocardiae, 4 mycobacteria, 4 gordonae, and related organisms. Among coryneform bacteria, it was found that about two-thirds of the strains was acetyl type concerning the acyl type on the cell wall, and about one-third was glycolyl type. The latter strains were distributed in the limited taxa, that is, three species in high-GC taxon of genus Corynebacterium, one in genus Curtobacterium, and several strains in a complicated taxon being not classified. However, all strains of genus Mycobacterium and most of genus Nocardia except two doubtful strains were proved to have the cell wall of glycolyl type. Among "Mycobacterium rhodochrous complex", Gordona group appeared exceptionally to have quite a unique acyl type, namely, a glycolyl type of glycerol-suppression positive. The bacteria of genera Actinomadura, Oerskovia, and Streptomyces were shown to be the acetyl type. The classification of "Corynebacterium-Mycobacterium-Nocardia" group was discussed on the basis of these results and additional data.