gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Redox remodeling: a candidate regulator of HMGB1 function in injured skeletal muscle (2010)

High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a prototypical endogenous signal that links tissue necrosis and wound healing. Extracellular HMGB1 has apparently contrasting biological actions: it sustains inflammation (with the possible establishment of autoimmunity or of self-maintaining tissue damage) while activating and recruiting stem cells, which foster tissue repair. However, little is known about the role environmental cues play in the extracellular functions of HMGB1. The skeletal muscle is an optimal tissue model to help us unravel these underlying molecular events. Here, sterile injury triggers a potent inflammatory response that includes infiltration by inflammatory leukocytes and the parallel activation, proliferation, and fusion of muscle-specific stem cells. Recent data suggest that the regulation of environmental redox is critical for the bioactivity of HMGB1, which is extremely sensitive to oxidation. Moreover, data suggest a potential role for infiltrating alternatively activated macrophages to influence the outcome of inflammatory responses to sterile skeletal muscle necrosis.
Open Domain Targeted Sentiment (2013)

We propose a novel approach to sentiment analysis for a low resource setting. The intuition behind this work is that sentiment expressed towards an entity, targeted sentiment, may be viewed as a span of sentiment expressed across the entity. This representation allows us to model sentiment detection as a sequence tagging problem, jointly discovering people and organizations along with whether there is sentiment directed towards them. We compare performance in both Spanish and English on microblog data, using only a sentiment lexicon as an external resource. By leveraging linguisticallyinformed features within conditional random fields (CRFs) trained to minimize empirical risk, our best models in Spanish significantly outperform a strong baseline, and reach around 90% accuracy on the combined task of named entity recognition and sentiment prediction. Our models in English, trained on a much smaller dataset, are not yet statistically significant against their baselines.
Focus wave modes in homogeneous Maxwell's equations - TE-MODE (2005)

Mathematical formulations are presented for TE-mode, three-dimensional, solitary electromagnetic pulses propagating in free space. The pulses are required to satisfy the homogeneous Maxwell's equations, have a three-dimensional pulse structure, have no charge, move at light velocity in straight lines, have nondispersive pulses for all time, and have finite electromagnetic energy. (LEW)
The Deadliest Tropical Cyclone in History (1971)

1 In December 1970, the World Bank asked the National Hurricane Center, Miami, Fla., for the services of a hurricane expert to evaluate deficiencies in the Pakistan Cyclone Warning Service. This paper summarizes the results of two fact-finding trips to East Pakistan by Dr. Frank.
Precision acoustic gas analyzer for binary mixtures (1986)

We describe a cylindrical acoustic resonator which has been used for the determination of the molar concentration of a binary mixture of gases. We achieved an absolute accuracy better than 0.001 independent of the concentration or the type of gas. The practical factors limiting the accuracy are discussed in detail and their effect on the performance has been evaluated using gas samples prepared by precisely measured partial pressures. The device is routinely used to measure the concentration of 3He–4He mixtures.
Alkali-Free ZSM-5 Membranes:  Preparation Conditions and Separation Performance (1999)

Alkali-free, H−ZSM-5 membranes were synthesized by in-situ crystallization on porous α-alumina, γ-alumina, and stainless steel tubular supports. Membranes prepared from different Si sources were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. Membranes prepared under different conditions were also characterized by single-gas permeances of H2, N2, n-C4H10, i-C4H10, and SF6 and by separation selectivities of n-C4H10/i-C4H10 mixtures from 300 to 473 K. The effects of preparation procedure, crystallization time and temperature, number of synthesis layers, gel dilution, Si source, and type of support were studied. The permeation and separation properties of the membranes depend strongly on the preparation procedure. Permeating synthesis solution into the pores of the support before hydrothermal treatment allows zeolites crystal growth within those pores. Increasing the crystallization time and temperature increases the n-C4H10/i-C4H10 separation selectivities, whereas increasing the number of synthesis layers and gel dilution decreases the selectivities. Membranes were prepared with high ideal and separation selectivities for n-C4H10/i-C4H10. The highest separation selectivity for n-C4H10/i-C4H10 is 111, which was obtained at 429 K, and the highest separation selectivity at 473 K is 36. Ideal selectivities do not correlate with mixture selectivities for n-butane/i-butanes at low temperature, but they correlate at 473 K.
False-Alarm Regulation in Log-Normal and Weibull Clutter (1973)

Automatic detection radars require some method of adapting to variations in the background clutter in order to control their false-alarm rate. Conventional cell-averaging techniques designed to maintain a constant false-alarm rate in Rayleigh clutter will fail to control the false-alarm rate in more severe clutter environments such as log-normal or Weibull clutter. A processor is described which is capable of maintaining false-alarm regulation in log-normal clutter and in Weibull clutter (and, under certain conditions, over the entire family of log-normal and Weibull distributions).
The Power of Priority: NoC Based Distributed Cache Coherency (2007)

The paper introduces network-on-chip (NoC) design methodology and low cost mechanisms for supporting efficient cache access and cache coherency in future high-performance chip multi processors (CMPs). We address previously proposed CMP architectures based on non uniform cache architecture (NUCA) over NoC, analyze basic memory transactions and translate them into a set of network transactions. We first show how a simple, generic NoC which is equipped with needed module interface functionalities can provide infrastructure for the coherent access of both static and dynamic NUCA. Then we show how several low cost mechanisms incorporated into such a vanilla NoC can facilitate CMP and boost performance of a cache coherent NUCA CMP. The basic mechanism is based on priority support embedded in the NoC, which differentiates between short control signals and long data messages to achieve a major reduction in cache access delay. The low cost priority-based NoC is extremely useful for increasing performance of almost any other CMP transaction. Priority-based NoC along with the discussed NoC interfaces are evaluated in detail using CMP-NoC simulations across several SPLASH-2 benchmarks and static Web content serving benchmarks showing substantial L2 cache access delay reduction and overall program speedup
An efficient recovery scheme for mobile computing environments (2002)

This paper presents an efficient recovery scheme based on checkpointing and message logging for mobile computing systems. For the efficient management of checkpoints and message logs, a movement-based scheme is proposed. Mobile hosts carrying their recovery information to the nearby mobile support station can recover instantly in case of a failure, however, the cost to transfer the recovery information must be high. On the other hand, the recovery information remaining dispersed over a number of support stations visited by mobile hosts must incur very high recovery cost. To balance the failure-free operation cost and the recovery cost, in the proposed scheme, the recovery information of a mobile host remains at the visited support stations while the host moves within a certain range. Only when the host moves out of the range, the recovery information is transferred to a nearby mobile support station. As a result, the proposed scheme can control the information transfer cost as well as the recovery cost.
New EGF‐R selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor reveals variable growth responses in prostate carcinoma cell lines PC‐3 and DU‐145 (1997)

The effect of an EGF-R selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZM252868 was evaluated on the proliferation of PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines, which are purported to utilize an EGF-R-mediated autocrine pathway for regulation of cell growth. Basal growth of DU-145 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the inhibitor, showing a 70% reduction at 1 μM, whilst the growth of PC-3 cells was not affected at this concentration. In the presence of 0.1 μM inhibitor, EGF and TGFα-stimulated DU-145 cell growth was decreased to below basal levels, while only TGFα-stimulated PC-3 cell growth was inhibited at a 1-μM concentration. Any growth responses to aFGF, bFGF, KGF, IGF1 and PDGF by DU-145 and PC-3 cells were unaffected by the inhibitor at concentrations of 1 μM or less. Additionally, the distribution of immunoreactive EGF-R varied between DU-145 and PC-3 cells, with EGF-R being predominately located on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, respectively. Int. J. Cancer 71:1010-1018, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss Inc.
Ultracompact Si Electro-Optic Modulator Based on Horizontal Cu-Insulator-Si-Insulator-Cu Nanoplasmonic Waveguide (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate ultracompact Si electro-optic modulators based on horizontal Cu-insulator-Si-insulator-Cu nanoplasmonic waveguides on SOI substrates using standard CMOS technology. A modulator with 1-μm-long phase shifter exhibits 9-dB extinction ratio under 6-V/10-kHz voltage swing.
Determination of Reorganization Energy from the Temperature Dependence of Electron Transfer Rate Constant for Hydroquinone-tethered Self-assembled Monolayers (SAMs) (2006)

The temperature dependence on the electron transfer rate constant (k app ) for hydroquinone redox center in H 2 Q(CH 2 ) n SH-SAMs (n = 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) on gold electrode was investigated to obtain reorganization energy (λ) using Laviron's formalism and Arrhenius plot of In [k app /T 1/2 ] vs. T -1 based on the Marcus density-of-states model. All the symmetry factors measured for the SAMs were relatively close to unity and rarely varied to temperature change as expected. The electron tunneling constant (β) determined from the dependence of the k app on the distance between the redox center and the electrode surface gives almost the same β values which are quite insensitive to temperature change. Good linear relationship of Arrhenius plot for all H 2 Q(CH 2 ) n SH-SAMs on gold electrode was obtained in the temperature range from 273 to 328 K. The slopes in Arrhenius plot deduced that λ of hydroquinone moiety is ca. 1.3-1.4 eV irrespectively of alkyl chain length of the electroactive SAM.
Cytosine and orotic acid in urine of immunodeficient children. (1979)

We describe procedures for determining cytosine and orotic acid in urine. We determine cytosine by cation-exchange analysis with either HCl or pH 5.2 buffer as eluent. Orotic acid is first separated by an anion-exchange separative procedure; after lyophilization, the product is subjected to "high-pressure" liquid chromatography for further separation and detection. We analyzed urine from normal subjects and from immunodeficient children. Three children with severe combined immunodeficiency had increased levels of cytosine in urine (23-160 mmol/mol creatinine); one child with severe combined immunodeficiency and two children with other immunodeficiencies had normal urinary levels (less than 2 mmol/mol creatinine). Orotic acid excretion in urine was normal (1-5 mmol/mol creatinine) in all of th immunodeficient children. We discuss the possible significance of the increased cytosine excretion in the three children with severe combined immunodeficiency.
Reaction of sodium amalgam with water (1965)

G. Hughes and R. J. Roach, Chem. Commun. (London), 1965, 600 DOI: 10.1039/C19650000600
Studies on 2-Benzimidazolethiol Derivatives. VI. : Synthesis and Analgesic Effect of 1-(2-Diethylaminoethyl)-2-(p-ethoxyphenylthio)-5-substituted Benzimidazole (1969)

In continuation of the previous work on analgesics, 10 kinds of 5-substituted 1-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-2-(p-ethoxyphenylthio) benzimidazole were synthesized and tested but none of them showed any marked effect. Some of the previously prepared 5-unsubstituted 1-(2-tert-aminoethyl)-2-(P-substituted phenylthio) benzimidazoles showed a powerful analgesic effect. Comparison of infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of these two series of compounds showed a distinct difference between them in the absorption considered to be due to CH2 neighboring the nitrogen in diethylaminoethyl group in 1-position, the former showing absorption at around 2800 cm-1 which is absent in the latter. The nuclear magnetic resonance signal of the latter is shifted to a lower magnetic field than that in the former. These evidences suggest a difference in the steric structure of the diethylaminoethyl group in 1-position of the two series of compounds and this difference may be related to their pharmacological effect.
Solvent extraction of bacteriocins from model solutions and fermentation broths (2000)

A novel method for the extraction and purification of bacteriocins (small peptides with antimicrobial properties) from fermentation broths is described. Model solutions of nisin were prepared from Nisaplin®, a commercial whey-based powder containing about 2.5% nisin and sold as a food preservative. These model solutions and fermentation broths from a culture of nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis were cross-flow filtered and stirred with toluene to obtain a white suspension in the toluene layer, which was back extracted with 10 mmol dm−3 HCl. Yields of the order of 90% for a single stage extraction were obtained followed by similar yields on back extraction. Yields dropped with decreasing pH, going through a minimum at pH 2. In larger scale experiments (11 dm3) at pH 6, a gel layer was formed which, on centrifugation and drying, gave a white solid containing about 50% nisin, the remainder being water and salt. Further process development would almost certainly bring this figure closer to the small-scale value. The phase transfer technique was also applied to solutions containing variacin and carnocin (produced by Micrococcus varians and Carnobacterium piscicola, respectively). The mechanism of bacteriocin extraction probably involves concentration of the peptides, which are surface active, at the interface until their solubility is exceeded and they form reverse submicelles, which aggregate into reverse micelles to give a gel. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Voluntary cardio-respiratory synchronization (2004)

During stereovectorelectrocardiographic (SVEC) measurements, respiration influences the cardiac vector. This cardiac vector is modulated by the change in the heart position due to diaphragm movement, changes in conductivity in thoracic tissues caused by lung inflation, and shifts in the blood volume. For years, the only method to control the respiratory induced variation was for subject or patient to hold his breath, that was until the voluntary cardio-respiratory synchronization (VCRS) technique. The VCRS technique involves instructing a subject to breathe in synchronization with his/her heartbeat by using either a light or sound signal. Triggered by the R wave of the electrocardiogram, the device signals the subject when to inhale and exhale based on a fixed number of heart beats for each phase of the respiratory cycle. With VCRS techniques, respiratory influences of heart rate variability (HRV), which are mostly parasympathetic, can be separated from nonrespiratory effects, in which sympathetic influences may dominate along with very slow changes due to thermo-regulation and other factors. This work shows how VCRS can be used in unique ways to measure HRV and also separate out respiratory influences on other cardiovascular signals.
NADH oxidation in submitochondrial particles protects respiratory chain activity against damage by adriamycin‐Fe<sup>3+</sup> (1983)

Oxidative decomposition of polyunsaturated fatty acid moieties of membrane lipid in pig heart submitochondrial particles, as initiated by ferric ion complexes of the antineoplastic drug adriamycin and concomitant inactivation of oxidase activities, is counteracted by EDTA, low oxygen pressure, a phenolic antioxidant and NADH oxidation through the respiratory chain but not by scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Protection by NADH is strengthened by removal of cytochrome c from the submitochondrial particles and by antimycin A but abolished by rotenone. Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity by the adriamycin-Fe3+ complex is reversible and activity is recovered upon cholate solubilization of the particles. ADP inhibits binding of the complex to the submitochondrial particles and protects both cytochrome c oxidase activity and membrane lipid. The results are discussed in relation to the possible role of mitochondrial function in protection against free-radical-mediated effects of adriamycin.
High Duty Cycle One-Shot Multivibrator Circuit (1960)

A one-shot multivibrator circuit for use as a delay, gating, and pulse- shaping unit is described which is rendered capable of a 95% duty cycle by shonting one resistance so that the capacitor discharges in approximately 5% of the duty cycle. A schematic diagram is included. (D.L.C.)
Present-day heat flow model of Mars (2017)

Until the acquisition of in-situ measurements, the study of the present-day heat flow of Mars must rely on indirect methods, mainly based on the relation between the thermal state of the lithosphere and its mechanical strength, or on theoretical models of internal evolution. Here, we present a first-order global model for the present-day surface heat flow for Mars, based on the radiogenic heat production of the crust and mantle, on scaling of heat flow variations arising from crustal thickness and topography variations, and on the heat flow derived from the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere beneath the North Polar Region. Our preferred model finds heat flows varying between 14 and 25 mW m<sup>-2</sup>, with an average value of 19 mW m<sup>-2</sup>. Similar results (although about ten percent higher) are obtained if we use heat flow based on the lithospheric strength of the South Polar Region. Moreover, expressing our results in terms of the Urey ratio (the ratio between total internal heat production and total heat loss through the surface), we estimate values close to 0.7-0.75, which indicates a moderate contribution of secular cooling to the heat flow of Mars (consistent with the low heat flow values deduced from lithosphere strength), unless heat-producing elements abundances for Mars are subchondritic.
A comprehensive analysis of the expression of crystallins in mouse retina. (2003)

Our results establish the expression of many crystallins in the adult mouse retina. Detection of crystallins in the retinal nuclear layers, though surprising, is consistent with their proposed role in cell survival and genomic stability. We suggest that crystallins play vital functions in protecting retinal neurons from damage by environmental and/or metabolic stress.
Reactive etching of positive and negative silicon cluster ions by nitrogen dioxide (1987)

Positively and negatively charged silicon cluster ions, Si+1–8 and Si−1–6, react exothermically with NO2. The predominant reaction is loss of a single silicon atom in the form of SiO. This reaction repeats sequentially such that the clusters are ‘‘etched’’ down to monatomic silicon ions. Charge transfer to form NO−2 also occurs for Si−1–4. Previous results have shown that all Si−1–6 exhibit electron transfer to WF6. Together, these observations bracket the electron affinities of the neutral silicon clusters: EA (Si2–4)≤2.6 eV and 2.6 eV≤EA (Si5–6)≤3.7 eV. The reaction rates for the silicon cluster cations decrease slowly from 7.3±0.8×10−10 to 0.4±0.2×10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 with increasing cluster size for Si+1–8. Silicon cluster anion reaction rates show a slight decrease from 15±1×10−10 to 5.0±0.1×10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 with increasing cluster size for Si−1–6. The ionic silicon cluster reactivity is explained by a radical–radical coupling mechanism involving the unpaired electron on NO2 and an unpaired electron on a silicon atom at a charged or trivalent center in the clusters. Involvement of a radical electron on the silicon cluster contrasts with ionic silicon cluster reactivity with CH3SiH3 which requires divalent, silylene reactive centers on the clusters. Previously identified ‘‘magic number’’ clusters, Si+4 and Si+6, do not exhibit atypical reaction rates or products in spite of a theoretically derived 1–2 eV lower reaction exothermicity relative to the other cluster sizes.
Applications of laser scanning to structures in laboratory tests and field surveys (2013)

The capabilities and advantages of laser scanners used for structural engineering applications to assess structural damage in laboratory tests and post-earthquake field survey are discussed. High definition laser scans have many advantages over conventional instrumentation in laboratory setting: (i) capture three dimensional global deformations of large objects with accuracy; (ii) enable graphical post-processing based on a location of the acquired points in space and utilizing the light intensity red–green–blue (RGB) values of scanned images; (iii) access to objects without spatial constraint and remote monitoring by scanning from a distance; and (iv) reduce workload for installing instruments. Therefore, high definition laser scans have been successfully used in laboratory tests, and several case studies are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of laser scanner measurements. In addition, this paper makes the first attempt to demonstrate the use of high-definition laser scanning technology in field surveys of structures damaged during January 2010 Haiti earthquake. Damage assessments were performed for several structures using the scans, and the results were compared with qualitative results of visual ground survey. The techniques of gathering and disseminating critical information employed herein is expected to have major impact on future structural laboratory tests and field investigations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
<tt>UMMAP</tt>: a statistical analysis software package for molecular modelling (2019)

Universal Molecular Modelling Analysis Package (UMMAP) is a software package designed to provide a command line driven analysis suite for particle-based simulation codes. It is developed to work closely alongside the mesoscale dissipative particle dynamics software embedded in DL_MESO, and the molecular dynamics codes NAMD and LAMMPS. UMMAP is designed to be extendable to other modelling software. UMMAP is targeted at users working in the computational soft matter field and those looking for an ‘all-in-one’ analytical software package. It offers a unique mix of analytical tools, from widely used geometrical analyses (e.g. bond and angles distributions, structure factor, radial distributions and density profiles), to specific solutions for the soft matter community (e.g. polymer statistics, critical micelle concentration and cluster/micelle shape analyses). It provides the possibility, for a more expert user, to build in additional bespoke analyses, whilst benefiting from UMMAP's core functionality. It is very flexible in the way it reads and analyses the trajectory, allowing for several tools to be used at the same time via a single command line input. A rational set of software flags and detailed error messages render UMMAP ergonomic and user friendly while output integrity is ensured by storing manifest files to prevent the storage of unrelated material.