gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer-modified halide perovskite films for efficient and stable planar heterojunction solar cells (2017)

The solution processing of polycrystalline perovskite films introduces trap states that can adversely affect their optoelectronic properties. Motivated by the use of small-molecule surfactants to improve the optoelectronic performance of perovskites, we demonstrate the use of polymers with coordinating groups to improve the performance of solution-processed semiconductor films. The use of these polymer modifiers results in a marked change in the electronic properties of the films, as measured by both carrier dynamics and overall device performance. The devices grown with the polymer poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) show significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency from 16.9 ± 0.7% to 18.8 ± 0.8% (champion efficiency, 20.2%) from a reverse scan and stabilized champion efficiency from 17.5 to 19.1% [under a bias of 0.94 V and AM (air mass) 1.5-G, 1-sun illumination over 30 min] compared to controls without any passivation. Treating the perovskite film with PVP enables a <i>V</i><sub>OC</sub> of up to 1.16 V, which is among the best reported for a CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cell and one of the lowest voltage deficits reported for any perovskite to date. In addition, perovskite solar cells treated with PVP show a long shelf lifetime of up to 90 days (retaining 85% of the initial efficiency) and increased by a factor of more than 20 compared to those without any polymer (degrading to 85% after ~4 days). Our work opens up a new class of chemical additives for improving perovskite performance and should pave the way toward improving perovskite solar cells for high efficiency and stability.
Exploiting the Skin Effect Using Radio Frequency Communication in Underwater Communication (2012)

This paper describes a series of experiments of underwater radio frequency communications both in fresh water and sea water. We observed than due to skin effect, radio waves attenuated rapidly at first before skin depth appears and then attenuated gently just as theoretical prediction. The relationship between skin depth and frequency in water is discussed and graphical relationship is also given. It's turned out that radio waves propagate much harder in sea water than in fresh water.
An improved method for G-banding chromosomes after in situ hybridization (1984)

We report a method for producing high-resolution G-bands on chromosomes of normal and neoplastic human cells after hybridization of 3H-labeled probes to the chromosomes and after autoradiography.
Perceptual QoS assessment technologies for VoIP (2004)

Since quality is not generally guaranteed in an IP network, the proper design and management of networks and/or terminals for high-quality voice over IP services and maintenance of service levels is important. In terms of quality design and management, methodologies for appropriately and effectively evaluating the perceptual QoS of VoIP are indispensable. This article gives an overview of the state of the art of quality assessment technologies for VoIP, including recent work on improving their accuracy.
Novel effect of cyclicization of the Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐containing peptide on vitronectin binding to platelets (1991)

Vitronectin is one of the glycoproteins that mediate cell adhesion and spreading of a variety of cells through the RGD(S) sequence. Vitronectin is demonstrated to bind to glycoprotein IIb-IIIa and play a role in platelet aggregation. Synthetic peptides containing the RGD(S) sequence can inhibit vitronectin binding to platelets, but the affinity of these peptides is less than 1/100th that of native vitronectin. The present study thus examined the ability of modified RGD(S)-containing peptide to inhibit vitronectin binding to thrombin-stimulated platelets. The cyclicization of GRGDSPA peptide was done by the linkage of NH2-terminal glycin and the COOH-terminal alanin. The circular dichroism spectrum of cyclic GRGDSPA peptide only showed negative minimum at approximately 220 nm, but those of other linear peptides such as GRGDSPA and GRGESPA had no effect. This result indicated that only the cyclic GRGDSPA peptide retained some conformational structure to restrict its flexibility. Inhibition experiments revealed that the affinities of the ligands for the receptor decreased in the order of vitronectin = fibronectin = fibrinogen = von Willebrand factor (vWF) greater than cyclic GRGDSPA peptide greater than GRGDSPA peptide. GRGESPA peptide had no effect. These results demonstrate that the conformational structure of the RGD(S) sequence plays the important role for the affinity of vitronectin binding to activated platelets and the increased affinity of the modified peptide is a prerequisite for the potential antithrombotic use.
Network Malware Capture (2009)

Botnets are a fundamental threat to network security. Their lifecycle follows a repeated pattern of growth via exploitation, infection and communication(command & control). Preventing botnet command & control requires runtime knowledge of communication attributes on a per bot basis. One approach to this is to evaluate the malware binary, but this approach is often significantly hampered by software obfuscation techniques designed to thwart binary analysis. Our research is focused on the collection and analysis of botnet growth patterns as they appear at the network level. This has the tangible result of capturing malware in a pristine state (though often packed). By intercepting the malware while it is transferred during infection prior to it reaching the target host, the captured malware cannot benefit from the complexity of obfuscation and dispersion, which occurs during installation on a target system.
Pouch Method for Isolating and Enumerating Propionibacteria (1968)

An adaptation of the pouch method for developing colonial growth of propionibacteria is described. Comparisons were made with the candle oats jar incubation method. The pouch method has distinct advantages of freedom from unwieldy equipment, ease of colony counting and retrieval, reduced incubation time, increased colony counts, and less need for incubator space.
Robust Bayesian estimation of the hemodynamic response function in event‐related BOLD fMRI using basic physiological information (2003)

Abstract In BOLD fMRI data analysis, robust and accurate estimation of the Hemodynamic Response Function (HRF) is still under investigation. Parametric methods assume the shape of the HRF to be known and constant throughout the brain, whereas non‐parametric methods mostly rely on artificially increasing the signal‐to‐noise ratio. We extend and develop a previously proposed method that makes use of basic yet relevant temporal information about the underlying physiological process of the brain BOLD response in order to infer the HRF in a Bayesian framework. A general hypothesis test is also proposed, allowing to take advantage of the knowledge gained regarding the HRF to perform activation detection. The performances of the method are then evaluated by simulation. Great improvement is shown compared to the Maximum‐Likelihood estimate in terms of estimation error, variance, and bias. Robustness of the estimators with regard to the actual noise structure or level, as well as the stimulus sequence, is also proven. Lastly, fMRI data with an event‐related paradigm are analyzed. As suspected, the regions selected from highly discriminating activation maps resulting from the method exhibit a certain inter‐regional homogeneity in term of HRF shape, as well as noticeable inter‐regional differences. Hum. Brain Mapping 19:1–17, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroprotective and symptomatic effects of targeting group III<scp>mG</scp>lu receptors in neurodegenerative disease (2013)

Neurodegenerative disorders possess common pathological mechanisms, such as protein aggregation, inflammation, oxidative stress (OS) and excitotoxicity, raising the possibility of shared therapeutic targets. As a result of the selective cellular and regional expression of group III metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, drugs targeting such receptors have demonstrated both neuroprotective properties and symptomatic improvements in several models of neurodegeneration. In recent years, the discovery and development of subtype-selective ligands for the group III mGlu receptors has gained pace, allowing further research into the functions of these receptors and revealing their roles in health and disease. Activation of this class of receptors results in neuroprotection, with a variety of underlying mechanisms implicated. Group III mGlu receptor stimulation prevents excitotoxicity by inhibiting glutamate release from neurons and microglia and increasing glutamate uptake by astrocytes. It also attenuates the neuroinflammatory response by reducing glial reactivity and encourages neurotrophic phenotypes. This article will review the current literature with regard to the neuroprotective and symptomatic effects of group III mGlu receptor activation and discuss their promise as therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disease. We review the neuroprotective and symptomatic effects of targeting group III mGlu receptors in neurodegenerative disease: Excess extracellular glutamate causes overactivation of NMDA receptors resulting in excitotoxicity. Externalization of phosphatidylserine stimulates phagocytosis of neurons by activated microglia, which contribute to damage through glutamate and pro-inflammatory factor release. Reactive astrocytes produce cytotoxic factors enhancing neuronal cell death. Activation of group III mGlu receptors by glutamate and/or mGlu receptor ligands results in inhibition of glutamate release from presynaptic terminals and microglia, reducing excitotoxicity. Astrocytic glutamate uptake is increased and microglia produce neurotrophic factors.
The Increasing Burden of Mortality From Viral Hepatitis in the United States Between 1999 and 2007 (2012)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Efficient and Precise Dynamic Slicing for Client-Side JavaScript Programs (2016)

JavaScript is the de facto dominant programming language for developing web applications. Most popular websites are using JavaScript, especially to develop client-side features. Being syntactically flexible and highly dynamic, JavaScript is easy to use and productive, but its code is known to be less maintainable. The task of maintaining client-side JavaScript code is further complicated by the pervasive interactions between JavaScript code and HTML elements, through browsers. In this paper, we present JS-Slicer, a dynamic slicer for JavaScript, to ease the task of understanding and debugging practical client-side JavaScript code. JS-Slicer defines three types of dependences, including data dependences, control dependences, and DOM dependences, to capture all relationships between program elements. JS-Slicer extends a novel dynamic analysis framework and combines dynamic and static analysis to precisely capture the dependences at run-time. A lot of language specific issues are properly handled, which enables JS-Slicer to slice practical JavaScript code. Our evaluation on six real-world web applications and JavaScript libraries shows that JS-Slicer is both precise and efficient: on average it captures around 40K dependences in 2.5K lines of code, in less than 3.0 seconds.
Aboriginal Concepts of the Family (1993)

The Aboriginal family unit has seen many changes since European invasion. Like families all over the world, the Aboriginal family is the place where social behaviour is constructed, interpreted and transmitted from one generation to another. This is a process which has continued since the invasion of white man. Aboriginal people see the family as a place of nurturing, with the ability to provide and teach. When one or both of these factors is not functioning adequately, a family breakdown can occur.
The yellow colour of the lens of the grey squirrel (<i>Sciurus carolinensis leucotis</i>) (1969)

1. The absorption spectrum of the lens of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis leucotis) has been measured, revealing an absorption maximum at 370 nm. Peak densities in the intact lens ranged from 12 to 20.2. This peak is not present in the lenses of horse, cow, pig, dog, cat, ferret (Mustelo furo), or guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus).3. The pigment responsible for this absorption is water-soluble and aqueous extracts have been examined. Protein-free aqueous extracts show an additional maximum at 265 nm, which can only partially be accounted for by the presence of ascorbic acid.4. The absorption spectrum of extracts of lens material from the ground squirrel (Citellus mexicanus) also had maxima at 265 and 370 nm.5. Chromatography of the protein-free solution separated two yellow components, both of which had a yellow fluorescence. The faster component had a very similar absorption spectrum to the original protein-free solution.6. Possible functions of the yellow pigment are discussed.
Thermal conductivity of boron nitride filled epoxy resins: temperature dependence and influence of sample preparation (2003)

Castable particulate-filled epoxy resins exhibiting excellent thermal conductivity have been prepared using hexagonal boron nitride (BN) as filter. The thermal conductivity of BN filled epoxies is influenced by the sample preparation procedures, due to agglomeration effects of the particles in the matrix. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of resins is measured as a function of the volume content of filler. The thermal conductivity in percolative systems depends in a complex way on the filler concentration and on the temperature. The mechanisms leading to the observed behavior are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of a Novel Sequence at the 3′ End of the GB Virus B Genome (1999)

GB virus B (GBV-B) is a virus of the family Flaviviridae that infects small primates (Saguinus sp. [tamarins]) and shows similarities to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in genome organization, protein function, tissue tropism, and pathogenicity. This suggests the possibility of using tamarins infected by GBV-B or GBV-B/HCV chimeric viruses as a surrogate animal model of HCV infection. To achieve the construction of such chimeric viruses, it is essential to produce a complete and infectious GBV-B genomic RNA. We have identified a novel sequence at the 3' end of the GBV-B genome and show that it can be arranged in a secondary structure resembling that of the 3' end of the HCV genome, which is known to be essential for infectivity.
Human monocyte Arg-Serpin cDNA. Sequence, chromosomal assignment, and homology to plasminogen activator-inhibitor. (1987)

An LPS-stimulated, human monocyte cDNA library was screened for stimulation-specific clones. One clone (pcD-1214) contained a 1.9-kb pair insert that hybridized to a 2,000-nucleotide mRNA expressed by peripheral blood monocytes, the histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937, and umbilical cord endothelial cells. The 415-amino-acid precursor polypeptide predicted from the cDNA (46,596 molecular weight) has a putative 22-residue signal peptide and approximately 35% homology with members of the serine protease inhibitor (Serpin) superfamily. On the basis of amino acid homology and alignment of COOH-terminal residues within the Serpin-reactive center, the clone pcD-1214 was identified as coding for an Arg-Serpin. Southern blot analysis of human-mouse somatic cell hybrid DNA locates the Arg-Serpin gene on human chromosome 18. A perfect match between amino acid residues 347-376 in this Arg-Serpin and the published sequence of a 30-residue, tryptic peptide from the COOH-terminus of a monocyte plasminogen activator-inhibitor (PAI-2), strongly suggests that the Arg-Serpin encoded by pcD-1214 is PAI-2.
Introducción a la metodología BIM (2014)

BIM (Building Information Modeling) es un nuevo acercamiento al diseno, construccion y gestion de los edificios.
Se trata de una metodologia que enfoca desde un punto de vista diferente el modo de entender los edificios,
como estos funcionan y la manera en la que estos mismos se construyen. Se podria pensar en la Revolucion
Industrial del XXI en lo que a la industria de la construccion se refiere.
En la industria de la construccion, la incompatibilidad entre sistemas generalmente impide que los miembros
del equipo de proyecto puedan intercambiar la informacion de manera precisa y rapida; este hecho es la causa
de numerosos problemas en el proyecto como pueden ser el aumento de costes y plazos.
La adopcion de una metodologia BIM y el uso de modelos digitales integrados durante todo el ciclo de vida
del edificio supone un paso en la buena direccion para la eliminacion de costes resultantes de una incorrecta
interoperabilidad de datos. Pero el simple hecho de utilizar un modelo digital no es suficiente.
Estamos hablando de nuevos procesos de trabajo o necesidad de adaptacion de los existentes. Existe una cita
para explicar este hecho: “BIM es 10% tecnologia y 90% sociologia”.
Artificial target detection with a hyperspectral LiDAR over 26-h measurement (2015)

Laser scanning systems that simultaneously measure multiple wavelength reflectances integrate the strengths of active spectral imaging and accurate range measuring. The Finnish Geodetic Institute hyperspectral lidar system is one of these. The system was tested in an outdoor experiment for detecting man-made targets from natural ones based on their spectral response. The targets were three camouflage nets with different structures and coloring. Their spectral responses were compared against those of a Silver birch (Betula pendula), Scots pine shoots (Pinus sylvestris L.), and a goat willow (Salix caprea). Responses from an aggregate clay block and a plastic chair were used as man-made comparison targets. The novelty component of the experiment was the 26-h-long measurement that covered both day and night times. The targets were classified with 80.9% overall accuracy in a dataset collected during dark. Reflectances of four wavelengths located around the 700 nm, the so-called red edge, were used as classification features. The addition of spatial aggregation within a 5-cm neighborhood improved the accuracy to 92.3%. Similar results were obtained using a set of four vegetation indices (78.9% and 91.0%, respectively). The temporal variation of vegetation classes was detected to differ from those in man-made classes.
Harmonic scattering from passive UHF RFID tags (2009)

This paper discusses harmonic scattering from passive UHF RFID tags. We describe the problem and the basic theory; explain our measurement setup, and present experimental results for three different commercial Gen2 tags.
Chemistry of Deep‐Fat Frying Oils (2007)

Deep-fat frying produces desirable or undesirable flavor compounds and changes the flavor stability and quality of the oil by hydrolysis, oxidation, and polymerization. Tocopherols, essential amino acids, and fatty acids in foods are degraded during deep-fat frying. The reactions in deep-fat frying depend on factors such as replenishment of fresh oil, frying conditions, original quality of frying oil, food materials, type of fryer, antioxidants, and oxygen concentration. High frying temperature, the number of fryings, the contents of free fatty acids, polyvalent metals, and unsaturated fatty acids of oil decrease the oxidative stability and flavor quality of oil. Antioxidant decreases the frying oil oxidation, but the effectiveness of antioxidant decreases with high frying temperature. Lignan compounds in sesame oil are effective antioxidants in deep-fat frying.
Convolution neural networks for ship type recognition (2016)

Algorithms to automatically recognize ship type from satellite imagery are desired for numerous maritime applications. This task is difficult, and example imagery accurately labeled with ship type is hard to obtain. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promise in image recognition settings, but many of these applications rely on the availability of thousands of example images for training. This work attempts to under- stand for which types of ship recognition tasks CNNs might be well suited. We report the results of baseline experiments applying a CNN to several ship type classification tasks, and discuss many of the considerations that must be made in approaching this problem.
Expression of serum IL-12, TNF-α and hs-CRP in patients with bronchopneumonia and its clinical significance (2012)

Objective To investigate the expresion of serum IL-12,TNF-α and hs-CRP in patients with bronchopneumonia and their relationship.Methods Ninety-six patients with bronchopneumonia were assigned to the study group,and other 50 health people were assigned to the control group.The serum levels of IL-12,TNF-α and hs-CRP were detected in the two groups,and the correlation among them was analyzed.Results ①The serum levels of IL-12,TNF-α and hs-CRP in the study group were obviously higher than those in the control group,there were significant differences( P ＜0.01 ).②The serum levels of IL-12,TNF-α and hs-CRP were obviously higher in the serious patients than those in the lighter patient,there were significant differences( P ＜0.01 ).③The plasma IL-12 was negative correlated with TNF-α (r =0.41,P ＜ 0.05),IL-12 was negative correlated with hs-CRP (r =0.42,P ＜ 0.05),and TNF-α also was negative correlated with hs-CRP in the observation group( r =0.44,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The higher level of IL-12,TNF-α and hs-CRP can induce the development of bronchopneumonia,the serious was bronchopneumonia,the serum level of IL-12,TNF-α and hs-CRP was higher.Early combined detection of these indicators can be used to judge the severity of bronchopneumonia.

Key words: 
Bronchopneumonia; Interleukin-12; Tumor necrosis factor-α; High sensitivity C reactive protein; Relationship
High-frequency modulation of 1.52 μm vapour-phase-transported InGaAsP lasers (1985)

We describe modifications to the recently demonstrated vapour-phase-transported laser to reduce the parasitic capacitance by an order of magnitude, and increase the 3 dB bandwidth for CW 1.52 μm lasers to 8 GHz. The parasitic and nonlinear limitations to this bandwidth are discussed.
Congestion estimation during top-down placement (2001)

Congestion is one of the fundamental issues in VLSI physical design. In this paper, we propose two congestion estimation approaches for early placement stages. First, we theoretically analyze the peak congestion value of the design and experimentally validate the estimation approach. Second, we estimate regional congestion in the early top-down placement. This is done by combining the wirelength distribution model and inter-region wire estimation. Both approaches are based on the well known Rent's rule, which is previously used for wirelength estimation. This is the first attempt to predict congestion using Rent's rule. The estimation results are compared with the layout after placement and global routing. Experiments on large industry circuits show that the early congestion estimation based on Rent's rule is a promising approach.
Hierarchical Bayesian Language Models for Conversational Speech Recognition (2010)

Traditional <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$n$</tex> </formula> -gram language models are widely used in state-of-the-art large vocabulary speech recognition systems. This simple model suffers from some limitations, such as overfitting of maximum-likelihood estimation and the lack of rich contextual knowledge sources. In this paper, we exploit a hierarchical Bayesian interpretation for language modeling, based on a nonparametric prior called Pitman–Yor process. This offers a principled approach to language model smoothing, embedding the power-law distribution for natural language. Experiments on the recognition of conversational speech in multiparty meetings demonstrate that by using hierarchical Bayesian language models, we are able to achieve significant reductions in perplexity and word error rate.