gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Remarkably Efficient Markovnikov Hydrochlorination of Olefins and Transformation of Nitriles into Imidates by Use of AcCl and an Alcohol (2005)

Abstract HCl generated by mixing AcCl with EtOH brings about Markovnikov hydrochlorination of olefins in excellent yields. The products are isolated in states of high purity simply by removal of the volatile components under reduced pressure. Further, nitriles are transformed into imidate hydrochlorides on similar treatment with AcCl and an alcohol. This procedure for nitrile‐imidate transformation is much more efficient than that used previously, which involved continuous passing of HCl gas into the solution of a nitrile in a solvent such as Et 2 O or benzene and an alcohol until one equivalent had been absorbed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Characterization and Potential use of G-CSF Dimers and their Pegylated Conjugates. (2011)

G-CSF successfully prevents chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Two second-generation drugs with improved therapeutic properties are already available and the development of new forms is still ongoing. For an efficient receptor dimerization two G-CSF molecules have to bind. Development of G-CSF dimers acting as receptor dimerizers was explored and their potential use evaluated. The in vitro biological activities of the prepared dimers were lower than G-CSF monomer activity, presumably due to non-optimal spatial orientation of the molecules. Most likely two dimers had to bind to trigger receptor dimerization instead of one dimer acting as a dimerizer. Although significantly lower in the residual in vitro biological activity, the diPEG-Fdim conjugate exhibited pharmacokinetical (PK) and pharmacodynamical (PD) properties comparable to pegfilgrastim or even better. An interesting PD profile with the second maximum in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and a balanced elevated ANC profile over the longer time interval was namely observed.
A Contextualized and Personalized Approach for Mobile Search (2009)

Mobile search is becoming increasingly important for mobile users as mobile devices are more widely used. Mobile search differs from standard PC-based Web search in a number of ways: (1) the user interfaces and I/O are limited by screen real estate and tiny key pads are tiny, (2) limited bandwidth and costly connection time, (3) increased local search due to mobility. These limitations result in more navigational queries in the mobile search. Furthermore, user location, activities, preferences, and interaction history can also improve accuracy in determining relevance for mobile search. In the past, most personalized search algorithms are studied in the context of PC-based Web search. Personalized mobile search should however play a bigger role at improving the user experiences. This paper focuses on the personalization strategies which explicitly and implicitly infer user search context from user current environment. We propose an architecture which collects user information (at mobile device and carrier network) and derives user intention in given situations. We show that personalized mobile search perform well for ambiguous queries and localized searches.
Personal multimedia communications services (2002)

Recent progress in communications technology is about to bring on dramatic changes in business and home life. NTT laboratories began personal multimedia communications (PMC) services experiments to achieve personalized multimedia communications services. In 1990, NTT announced the visual intelligent and personalized (VI&P) communications services plan as its service vision for the beginning of the 21st century. NTT's phase 1 experiments based on this VI&P plan focused on N-ISDN services. The phase 2 experiments focused on creating new applications based on optical communications and ATM technology. The sudden increase in the number of cellular phones, reflects the rising demand for person-to-person communication, even for private use. The P in VI&P symbolizes this latest trend. Taking this into consideration, the phase 3 experiments concentrate on personal-use multimedia service based on wireless access by means of the personal handy phone system (PHS) and satellites. This paper describes the phase 3 experiments and the technology involved. Subjects discussed in some detail are high-speed digital data communication services using PHS terminals, personal mobility using premises intelligent network, and the nomad office using communication satellite. Possible future personal communication services are also proposed.
Infinite phased arrays of microstrip antennas with parasitic elements: application to bandwidth enhancement (1994)

Microstrip phased array antennas obtained by the association of two interdigitated biperiodic coplanar subarrays are presented. One of these two subarrays is fed, and the other is parasitic. This type of array is studied for rectangular or triangular patches, using an infinite phased array model for the theoretical approach. The frequency bandwidth obtained with this geometry is larger than that of conventional monolayer microstrip antennas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2,4‐Dinitrobenzenesulfonyl Fluoresceins as Fluorescent Alternatives to Ellman's Reagent in Thiol‐Quantification Enzyme Assays (2005)

Fluorescent sensor for thiols: Deprotection of nonfluorescent 1 by thiols (R′SH) proceeds rapidly and near-quantitatively in aqueous solution (pH 7.4) to produce highly fluorescent 2. Assays performed in the presence of 1 provide a rapid and simple method for the determination of inhibitory constants for inhibitors such as donepezil toward acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases. Supporting information for this article, including experimental procedures and spectral data for 5, is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.org or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A New Synthesis of Peptidyl Epoxysuccinates for Probing Cysteine Protease-Inhibitor P3/S3 Binding Interactions (1999)

A new synthesis of peptidyl epoxysuccinates has been developed involving the N-acylation of amino acid benzyl esters (12) with the tartrate ester derived epoxy acid 13 followed by depro- tection of the benzyl esters and acylation with amines 21-28. This synthesis is ideally suited for the rapid synthesis of peptidyl ep- oxysuccinate inhibitors of cysteine proteases, in order to probe se- lectivity issues concerning inhibitor/enzyme P 3/S3 binding interactions.
Design and Implement of Tire Monitoring System Based on ZigBee (2009)

A new tire monitoring scheme is proposed in light of the defects of the existing tire pressure monitoring system. Parameters of various automobile tires can be monitored dynamically and transmitted to the driver meter through the network which consisted with ZigBee network and CAN bus. Then, auto tire failures early warning function is realized. Simulation and piracies proved that reliability and flexibility of the system is increased, and the application range of the tire pressure monitoring system is expanded. The program has high practical value for the security systems of large vehicles.
A gene influencing the composition of the culm in maize (1931)

1. A gene influencing the strength of culm in maize has been isolated and found to behave as a simple Mendelian recessive. The character has been called lazy and the factor pail' involved has been degignated La la.\n2. Lazy plants are distinguished from their normal sibs by their prostrate habit of growth. Their culms have a much lower breaking strength.\n3. The culms of the lazy and normal plants have similar morphological structure, but differ histologically in the thickness of their cell walls.\n4. The gene, lazy, exerts a marked influence on the composition of the culm. It greatly restricts the deposition of such structural materials as cellulose, lignin and pentosans. Lazy culms contain more moisture per unit weight of green tissue. During early development they also contain smaller amounts of nitrogen, water soluble material and total ash constituents on a green-weight basis.\n5. Both the primary and secondary layers of the cell walls in corn become heavily lignified. All parts of the cell walls from the culms of normal plants contain much more lignin than do those of lazy plants. These differences are more apparent in the younger tissues.\n6. The sequence of lignin formation is similar in normal and lazy culms. In parenchymatous tissues of both kinds of plant lignification apparently originates in the primary wall and later extends thru the secondary walls. In sclerenchymatous tissues the reverse relationship exists.\n7. The lignin in the middle lamella and in the secondary walls differ in its structural appearance, the former being fibrillar and the latter granular in appearance.\n8. All parts of the cell walls from the culms of lazy plants appear to contain less cellulose than do those of normal plants. The middle lamella of the young tissues of both normal and lazy plants appeared to be of a cellulosic nature and not pectinaceous.\n9. The expressed juice of the lazy stalks contains a smaller quantity of ash and total solids. Its osmotic pressure is somewhat lower than that of the normal sibs. The ionizable constituents in the tissue fluids of the lazy culms, as shown by electrodialysis, also are lower.\n10. The data indicate that the prostrate habit of growth, characteristic of the lazy plants, is due to a physical ralationship between the strength of the supporting tissue and the weight of the plant to be supported. This relationship evidently results from a restricted deposition of the structural materials of the dry matter per unit weight of green material.
A locally optimal design algorithm for block-based multi-hypothesis motion-compensated prediction (2002)

Multi-hypothesis motion-compensated prediction extends traditional motion-compensated prediction used in video coding schemes. Known algorithms for block-based multi-hypothesis motion-compensated prediction are, for example, overlapped block motion compensation (OBMC) and bidirectionally predicted frames (B-frames). This paper presents a generalization of these algorithms in a rate-distortion framework. All blocks which are available for prediction are called hypotheses. Further, we explicitly distinguish between the search space and the superposition of hypotheses. Hypotheses are selected from a search space and their spatio-temporal positions are transmitted by means of spatio-temporal displacement codewords. Constant predictor coefficients are used to combine linearly hypotheses of a multi-hypothesis. The presented design algorithm provides an estimation criterion for optimal multi-hypotheses, a rule for optimal displacement codes, and a condition for optimal predictor coefficients. Statistically dependent hypotheses of a multi-hypothesis are determined by an iterative algorithm. Experimental results show that Increasing the number of hypotheses from 1 to 8 provides prediction gains up to 3 dB in prediction error.
Avalanche gain in Ge<sub>x</sub>Si<sub>1-x</sub>/Si infrared waveguide detectors (1986)

Avalanche gain in Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> /Si heterostructures photodiodes has been measured for the first time. Absorption of infrared radiation occurs in a Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> /Si strained-layer superlattice (SLS) which serves as a waveguide core, and the avalanche multiplication takes place in one of the Si-cladding layers. Multiplication factors as high as 50 have been obtained for a 1.1-µm wavelength response (x = 0.2). The external absolute sensitivity operating at a multiplication of 10 is 1.1 A/W at 1.3 µm for an uncoated device.
Insect Antifeedant Activity of Furochromones: Structure-Activity Relationships (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsect Antifeedant Activity of Furochromones: Structure-Activity RelationshipsDevanand Lakshmichand Luthria, Vijayaraghavan Ramakrishnan, and Asoke BanerjiCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1993, 56, 5, 671–675Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50095a002https://doi.org/10.1021/np50095a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ghrelin stimulation of growth hormone release and appetite is mediated through the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (2004)

Synthetic agonists of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) rejuvenate the pulsatile pattern of GH-release in the elderly, and increase lean but not fat mass in obese subjects. Screening of tissue extracts in a cell line engineered to overexpress the GHSR led to the identification of a natural agonist called ghrelin. Paradoxically, this hormone was linked to obesity. However, it had not been directly shown that the GHSR is a physiologically relevant ghrelin receptor. Furthermore, ghrelin's structure is significantly different from the synthetic agonist (MK-0677) used to expression-clone the GHSR. To address whether the GHSR mediates ghrelin's stimulatory effects on GH release and appetite, we generated Ghsr-null mice. In contrast to wild-type mice, acute treatment of Ghsr-null mice with ghrelin stimulated neither GH release nor food intake, showing that the GHSR is a biologically relevant ghrelin receptor. Nevertheless, Ghsr-null mice are not dwarfs; their appetite and body composition are comparable to that of wild-type littermates. Furthermore, in contrast to suggestions that ghrelin regulates leptin and insulin secretion, fasting-induced changes in serum levels of leptin and insulin are identical in wild-type and null mice. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and body weights of mature Ghsr-null mice are modestly reduced compared to wild-type littermates, which is consistent with ghrelin's property as an amplifier of GH pulsatility and its speculated role in establishing an insulin-like growth factor 1 set-point for maintaining anabolic metabolism. Our results suggest that chronic treatment with ghrelin antagonists will have little effect on growth or appetite.
Salt-type complexes of porphyrins: monocation octaethylporphinium tri-.mu.-halogeno-hexacarbonyldirhenate(I) (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSalt-type complexes of porphyrins: monocation octaethylporphinium tri-.mu.-halogeno-hexacarbonyldirhenate(I)C. P. Hrung, M. Tsutsui, D. L. Cullen, and E. F. Meyer Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 24, 7878–7880Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00440a099https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00440a099research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
One-pot synthesis of ZnLaxFe2−xO4 clusters without any template and their possible application in water treatment (2012)

A facile and efficient one-pot solvothermal synthetic route is proposed to fabricate spherical La3+ doped zinc ferrite clusters without any template and surfactant. Numerous nanoparticles are aggregated to form clusters with uniform shape and size. Different values of x in ZnLaxFe2−xO4 induce different magnetic parameters for these clusters. Especially, the maximum of the saturation magnetization of ZnLaxFe2−xO4 clusters is 86 emu g−1 when x = 0.02. This result is different to those reported, in which the saturation magnetization decreased with La3+ doping. The as-prepared clusters also showed good performance in removal of pollutants like methyl orange from water by adsorption. Different Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas may induce a different capacity in removal of the pollutant.
Neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effects of EGIS‐8332, a non‐competitive AMPA receptor antagonist, in a range of animal models (2007)

EGIS-8332 seems suitable for further development for the treatment of epilepsy, ischaemia and stroke based on its efficacy in a variety of experimental disease models, and on its low side effect potential.
Conductive Polymer Composites from Renewable Resources: An Overview of Preparation, Properties, and Applications (2019)

This article reviews recent advances in conductive polymer composites from renewable resources, and introduces a number of potential applications for this material class. In order to overcome disadvantages such as poor mechanical properties of polymers from renewable resources, and give renewable polymer composites better electrical and thermal conductive properties, various filling contents and matrix polymers have been developed over the last decade. These natural or reusable filling contents, polymers, and their composites are expected to greatly reduce the tremendous pressure of industrial development on the natural environment while offering acceptable conductive properties. The unique characteristics, such as electrical/thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, biodegradability and recyclability of renewable conductive polymer composites has enabled them to be implemented in many novel and exciting applications including chemical sensors, light-emitting diode, batteries, fuel cells, heat exchangers, biosensors etc. In this article, the progress of conductive composites from natural or reusable filling contents and polymer matrices, including (1) natural polymers, such as starch and cellulose, (2) conductive filler, and (3) preparation approaches, are described, with an emphasis on potential applications of these bio-based conductive polymer composites. Moreover, several commonly-used and innovative methods for the preparation of conductive polymer composites are also introduced and compared systematically.
Two additive mechanisms impair the differentiation of 'substrate-selective' p38 inhibitors from classical p38 inhibitors in vitro (2010)

Our integrated mechanistic modeling and experimental validation provides an example of how systems biology approaches can be applied to drug discovery and provide a basis for decision-making with limited chemical matter. We find that, given our current understanding, it is unlikely that 'substrate-selective' inhibitors of p38 will work as originally intended when placed in the context of more complex cellular environments, largely due to a stoichiometric excess of MK2 relative to p38.
Functionality of Polymeric Micelle Hydrogels with Organized Three-Dimensional Architecture on Surfaces (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFunctionality of Polymeric Micelle Hydrogels with Organized Three-Dimensional Architecture on SurfacesKazunori Emoto, Michihiro Iijima, Yukio Nagasaki, and Kazunori KataokaView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Technology Science University of Tokyo, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba, 278-5180 Japan Department of Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 11, 2653–2654Publication Date (Web):March 4, 2000Publication History Received27 October 1999Published online4 March 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja993821ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja993821grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views975Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Coating materials,Hydrocarbons,Layers,Micelles Get e-Alerts
MicroRNA-210 induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer via induction of reactive oxygen (2016)

Taken together, miR-210 induces apoptosis in CRC cells via a ROS-dependent mechanism.