gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High-Gain CMOS Operational Amplifier Using Low-Temperature Poly-Si Oxide TFTs (2020)

A high-performance CMOS operational amplifier (op-amp) has been demonstrated with the low-temperature poly-Si oxide (LTPO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The p-type TFT exhibits the maximum field-effect mobility of 80 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V.s and subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.7 V/decade. The n-type amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) TFT exhibits the SS of 0.3 V/decade and the mobility of 11.5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V.s. The op-amp consisting of 13 TFTs functions in two stages. It exhibits a high voltage gain of 50.7 dB, a cutoff frequency of 200 kHz, a unit gain frequency of 7 MHz, and a very high gain-bandwidth product of 68.5 MHz. The first LTPO CMOS op-amp with low-power consumption of 0.6 mW demonstrates the potentiality of this emerging technology.
Methane Steam Reforming Analysis in a Palladium-Based Catalytic Membrane Reactor (1997)

The methane steam reforming in a catalytic membrane reactor has been studied. A previous theoretical study of this reaction has been carried out. In the model a global kinetic rate as function of three reactions over nickel catalyst as proposed by Xu and Froment (AIChE J. 1989, 35 (1), 88−96, 97−103) has been considered. It has been shown that the counterflow configuration has, at high temperature (500 °C), a marginal advantage on parallel flow and, also, that the space velocity cannot be considered a design variable for membrane reactors. A laboratory plant was realized utilizing membranes of Pd and Pd/Ag supported on Al2O3. The Pd membranes utilized have been prepared using the co-condensation technique and the electroless plating method. A comparison of the overall membrane performance has also been carried out. The experiments were aimed to study the effects of several parameters such as temperature, feed flow rate, and feed molar ratio on the methane conversion. The experimental results have been compared with the data predicted by the previously developed theoretical model.
MFR: Multi-Loss Flexible Recovery in Distributed Storage Systems (2010)

Distributed storage systems provide reliable access to data through redundancy spread in network system. A key goal is to minimize bandwidth overhead to maintain the redundancy. This paper studies the flexible recovery from multiple node failures in distributed storage systems. Via a cut-based analysis of information flow graph, we obtain a lower bound of maintenance bandwidth for multi-loss flexible recovery (MFR). We also design a coding scheme based on MFR with maintenance bandwidth matching the lower bound. So the lower bound of maintenance bandwidth for multi-loss recovery is tight and the proposed recovery scheme is optimal.
Inhibition of hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis in the nonhuman primate by probucol. I. Is the extent of atherosclerosis related to resistance of LDL to oxidation? (1994)

Lipoprotein oxidation is believed to play an important role in atherogenesis. To investigate whether inhibition of oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) would alter atherogenesis in the nonhuman primate, we administered probucol, a potent antioxidant, to Macaca nemestrina fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Probucol was administered to half of the 16 monkeys 14 wk after starting the hypercholesterolemic diet, and was given daily until they were sacrificed after 11 mos. To evaluate the antioxidant effect of probucol, the resistance of isolated plasma LDL to in vitro oxidation was evaluated. Probucol significantly increased the resistance of LDL to oxidative modification, as shown by an increase in the lag time required for conjugated diene formation. Lesions in the probucol-treated animals appeared less mature, and increased accumulation of lipid was observed in smooth muscle cells. Comparison of all control and probucol-treated monkeys demonstrated that intimal lesion areas in the thoracic aortas of the probucol-treated monkeys were reduced by 43% (P < 0.0001), but no significant difference in lesion area was found in the abdominal aortas or in the iliac arteries. However, the lag phase of conjugated diene formation was not prolonged in 2 of the 8 probucol-treated animals. A plot of intimal lesion size versus lag phase of all 16 animals showed a trend that lesion size was inversely related to oxidation resistance for all anatomic sites. The strong inverse relationship between intimal lesion size and resistance of LDL to oxidation supports a role for lipoprotein oxidation in the development and progression of lesions of atherosclerosis. The possibility that some of the effect is due to other biological properties of probucol cannot be ruled out.
Altered compensatory cytokine signaling underlies the discrepancy between <i>Flt3–/–</i> and <i>Flt3l–/–</i> mice (2018)

The receptor Flt3 and its ligand Flt3L are both critical for dendritic cell (DC) development, but DC deficiency is more severe in <i>Flt3l<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice than in <i>Flt3<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice. This has led to speculation that Flt3L binds to another receptor that also supports DC development. However, we found that Flt3L administration does not generate DCs in <i>Flt3<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice, arguing against a second receptor. Instead, <i>Flt3<sup>-/-</sup></i> DC progenitors matured in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or stem cell factor, and deletion of <i>Csf1r</i> in <i>Flt3<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice further reduced DC development, indicating that these cytokines could compensate for Flt3. Surprisingly, <i>Flt3<sup>-/-</sup></i> DC progenitors displayed enhanced M-CSF signaling, suggesting that loss of Flt3 increased responsiveness to other cytokines. In agreement, deletion of Flt3 in <i>Flt3l<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice paradoxically rescued their severe DC deficiency. Thus, multiple cytokines can support DC development, and the discrepancy between <i>Flt3<sup>-/-</sup></i> and <i>Flt3l<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice results from the increased sensitivity of <i>Flt3<sup>-/-</sup></i> progenitors to these cytokines.
A distributed-source-coding based robust spatio-temporal scalable video codec (2004)

A video coding paradigm called PRISM (Power-efficient, Robust, hIgh compression, Syndrome-based Multimedia coding) built on distributed source coding principles has been recently proposed in [1]. In this paper, we study a scalable version of PRISM which addresses both spatial and temporal scalability. The proposed codec inherits the main attributes of the PRISM architecture, namely increased robustness to channel losses and more flexible sharing of computational complexity between encoder and decoder, while adding scalability as an additional feature. In this paper, we show the efficacy of enhancing a standards-compliant base layer codec (H.264/AVC) with a PRISM refinement bit stream, resulting in an overall robust spatio-temporal scalable video codec that is backward-compatible with the existing standards-based baseline codec. 1.
Multivariate Prediction of Airflow and Temperature Distributions Using Artificial Neural Networks (2011)

Thermal Management optimization for data centers, including prediction of airflow and temperature distributions, is generally an extremely time-consuming process using full-scale CFD analysis. Reduced order models are necessary in order to provide real-time assessment of cooling requirements for data centers. The use of a simulation-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is being investigated as a predictive tool. A model for a basic hot aisle/cold aisle data center configuration was built and analyzed using the commercial software FloTHERM. The flow field and temperature distributions were obtained for 100 representative sets of operating conditions using the CFD package. The Latin Hypercube Sampling technique was employed to select values for three design variables: plenum height, percentage open area of the perforated tiles and air leakage fraction. The FloTHERM results were used to generate a database for the ANN training. The CFD results from 85 cases were used for training and 16 cases were used for validation. A multivariate mapping between the input design variables and output variables (individual tile flow rates and maximum rack temperatures) was obtained. Good agreement (0.5% average relative error) was obtained between the ANN model predictions and the CFD results. These preliminary results are promising and show that an ANN based model may yield an effective real-time thermal management design tool for data centers.
Bone-related Genes Expressed in Advanced Malignancies Induce Invasion and Metastasis in a Genetically Defined Human Cancer Model (2003)

We employed a genetically defined human cancer model to investigate the contributions of two genes up-regulated in several cancers to phenotypic changes associated with late stages of tumorigenesis. Specifically, tumor cells expressing two structurally unrelated bone-related genes, osteonectin and osteoactivin, acquired a highly invasive phenotype when implanted intracranially in immunocompromised mice. Mimicking a subset of gliomas, tumor cells invaded brain along blood vessels and developed altered vasculature at the brain-tumor interface, suggesting that production of those two proteins by tumor cells may create a complex relationship between invading tumor and vasculature co-opted during tumor invasion. Interestingly, the same tumor cells formed massive spontaneous metastases when implanted subcutaneously. This dramatic alteration in tumor phenotype indicates that cellular microenvironment plays an important role in defining the specific effects of those gene products in tumor behavior. In vitro examination of tumor cells expressing either osteonectin or osteoactivin revealed that there was no impact on cellular growth or death but increased invasiveness and expression of MMP-9 and MMP-3. Specific pharmacologic inhibitors of MMP-2/9 and MMP-3 blocked the increased in vitro invasion associated with osteoactivin expression, but only MMP-3 inhibition altered the invasive in vitro phenotype mediated by osteonectin. Results from this genetically defined model system are supported by similar findings obtained from several established tumor cell lines derived originally from human patients. In sum, these results reveal that the expression of a single bone-related gene can dramatically alter or modify tumor cell behavior and may confer differential growth characteristics in different microenvironments. Genetically defined human cancer models offer useful tools in functional genomics to define the roles of specific genes in late stages of carcinogenesis.
A novel PSO based blind channel estimation and equalization (2012)

As an alternative technique to well-known constant modulus algorithm (CMA), a Decision Feedback Equalizer via Channel Matched Filter (CMF-DFE) based blind channel estimation and equalization algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique employs Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in training, where the conventional CMA and least mean squares (LMS) based training algorithms are found slow and their convergence strictly depend on the step size parameter. On the other hand, if the PSO training algorithm is employed, it provides a faster convergence and less sensitivity to training parameters. Thus, a rapid converging high performance blind channel estimation and equalization method is obtained, as it is compared to CMF-DFE based blind LMS and CMA algorithm. Here, the price is paid for more complexity, however the obtained performance promises to compete with reference training sequence based parameter estimation techniques.
A novel wire bonded plastic chip scale package for RF and microwave applications (2003)

A plastic wire bonded Chip Scale Package (CSP) has been designed, fabricated and characterised for RF and high-speed digital applications. Novel ground plane design and optimised interconnect structures resulted in good RF performance up to 5.5 GHz and the package is also expected to support digital pulses with 1.5 GHz clock frequency without signal integrity problems. Due to concurrent RF and thermal design, the heat dissipation capability of the package is not compromised while the electrical performance is being optimised. The detailed design, modelling and measurement methodologies are described in this paper.
Distributed vibration measurement based on a coherent multi-slope-assisted BOTDA with a large dynamic range (2019)

We propose a novel technique to enhance the dynamic range of a coherent slope-assisted Brillouin optical time domain analysis. A multi-tone probe and a reference wave are launched into the fiber under test (FUT); after interacting with the pump pulse, the Brillouin gain, as well as the Brillouin phase shift of each tone, can be demodulated simultaneously. In light of this, the strain information can be determined by the Brillouin phase-gain ratio of each tone. In the experiment, a three-tone probe with a 60 MHz interval is used; effective measurement frequency span larger than 180 MHz is verified in a ∼2 km single-mode fiber with 2.5 m spatial resolution and 1.5 kHz sampling rate to strain. A vibration signal with 41 Hz frequency and 2546 με amplitude is successfully demodulated.
A strain of Lactobacillus plantarum affects segmented filamentous bacteria in the intestine of immunosuppressed mice (2008)

Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are present in the gastrointestinal tract of mice from weaning until the maturation of the immune system. Probiotic bacteria also have an effect on host immunity. To study the relationships established between these bacteria, samples from a mouse model fed with Lactobacillus plantarum under different immunological conditions were analysed. SFB populations were measured by a newly designed group-specific quantitative PCR assay. The results confirmed the presence of the probiotic in the intestine and an expansion of SFB in the ileum of immunocompromised mice, which was abolished upon administration of L. plantarum, an effect not described to date.
Growth of nanographite on Pt(111) and its edge state (2006)

The nanographite grains, the diameter of which was around 5nm, were formed on Pt(111) by exposing the Pt(111) substrate to benzene gas at room temperature and annealing it up to 850K. The increase of relative number of edge atoms enabled the observation of edge-derived electronic states. The measurement of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure on the nanographite revealed the appearance of the edge state located at the Fermi level.
Human leukocyte antigens and susceptibility to tuberculosis: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. (2006)

Susceptibility to TB is modulated by class I and II HLA antigens. However, these results based on the serological determination of antigens require confirmation by DNA-based methods to precisely identify those alleles involved.
Why dengue haemorrhagic fever in Cuba? 2. An integral analysis (1987)

The epidemiological factors present in Cuba in 1981, when the dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) epidemic occurred, were exceptional when compared to those of other countries in the region. Evidence is presented which demonstrates that virulence of the circulating strain is an important element in the analysis of an epidemic. Although the two current hypotheses to explain the occurrence of DHF/DSS epidemics are valid in well defined but different epidemiological situations, neither Halstead's hypothesis of secondary-type infection or Rosen's hypothesis of the role played by the virulence of the circulating strain can explain all cases. An integrated, multifactorial and unifying hypothesis is presented, which could be applied in different epidemiological situations. It is based mainly on an in-depth analysis of the literature and of the Cuban experience.
ChemInform Abstract: PbTiO<sub>3</sub>—PbO—SiO<sub>2</sub> Glass‐Ceramic Thin Film by a Sol—Gel Process. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The respective roles of tryptophan uptake and tryptophan hydroxylase in the regulation of serotonin synthesis in the central nervous system. (1981)

1. The rate limiting enzyme for the synthesis of serotonin (5-HT) in brain, tryptophan hydroxylase, is not saturated under normal physiological conditions. 2. Therefore, any decrease or increase in brain tryptophan levels results in a reduction or a stimulation of 5-HT synthesis respectively. Thus, mechanisms controlling brain tryptophan levels, i.e. the concentration of free tryptophan in serum and the intrinsic activity of the tryptophan carrier in neuronal membranes, exert in fact a tonic regulation of 5-HT synthesis in central serotoninergic neurons. 3. Changes in the rate of 5-HT synthesis can also involve modifications in the intrinsic activity of tryptophan hydroxylase. This occurs in vivo following the intrastriatal injection of kainic acid and in vitro during the depolarization of brain slices. In both cases, an activation of tryptophan hydroxylase due to an increase in its apparent Vmax is detected in soluble extracts. 4. The depolarization-induced activation of tryptophan hydroxylase in brain slices very likely involves a Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation process. 5. Rapid changes in tryptophan hydroxylase activity produced by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation process may be involved in the phasic regulation of 5-HT synthesis in serotoninergic neurons.
Calculating longitudinal wheel slip and tire parameters using GPS velocity (2001)

While tire parameters are quite important to both current vehicle control systems and proposed future systems, these parameters are subject to considerable variability and are difficult to estimate while driving due to the unavailability of absolute vehicle velocity. This paper details a method of generating longitudinal tire force-slip curves using absolute velocity information from the Global Positioning System (GPS). By combining GPS measurements with measured wheel speeds, the effective tire radius and longitudinal stiffness of the tires can be identified using a simple least-squares regression technique. Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of the technique, show that the effective radius can be identified with considerable precision and suggest that the identified longitudinal stiffness exhibits noticeable sensitivity to changes in inflation pressure.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding to improve membrane permeability and absorption in beyond rule of five chemical space (2011)

Utilising ‘beyond rule of five’ chemical space is becoming increasingly important in drug design, but is usually at odds with good oral absorption. The formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in drug molecules is hypothesised to shield polarity facilitating improved membrane permeability and intestinal absorption. NMR based evidence for intramolecular hydrogen bonding in several ‘beyond rule of five’ oral drugs is described. Furthermore, the propensity for these drugs to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds could be predicted for through modelling the lowest energy conformation in the gas phase. The modulation of apparent lipophilicity through intramolecular hydrogen bonding in these molecules is supported by intrinsic cell permeability and intestinal absorption data in rat and human.
Implementation of Software-Defined Storage Service with Heterogeneous Object Storage Technologies (2015)

With the rapid development of information, personal computers are not only popular but also provide cloud services. Cloud Service is a concept that users can upload their requirement via Internet to cloud environment and then receive a response by postprocessing of the cloud environment, for example cloud storage. Software-defined storage (SDS) is a kind of virtualization technology for cloud storage. It uses the software to integrate the resources so as to improve accessibility and usability. There are many different open source projects for SDS in the Internet. This work aims to utilize these open source projects of SDS to improve the integration of the hardware and software resources effectively. In other words, we integrate various SDS open source projects or technologies to implement a cloud system. In the system architecture, we use some open-source software to make the proposed system more compatible and automatically assign a file to an appropriate storage location after users upload files. In addition, a manager can set some parameters to make this system more flexible. We also provide a high usability user interface. The user interface is designed as a web application. According to the concept of cloud services, this interface can be used anywhere and anytime.
The Role of VEGF and EGFR Inhibition: Implications for Combining Anti–VEGF and Anti–EGFR Agents (2007)

Multiple cellular pathways influence the growth and metastatic potential of tumors. This creates heterogeneity, redundancy, and the potential for tumors to bypass signaling pathway blockade, resulting in primary or acquired resistance. Combining therapies that inhibit different signaling pathways has the potential to be more effective than inhibition of a single pathway and to overcome tumor resistance. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have become key therapies in several tumor types. Close relationships between these factors exist: VEGF signaling is up-regulated by EGFR expression and, conversely, VEGF up-regulation independent of EGFR signaling seems to contribute to resistance to EGFR inhibition. Therefore, inhibition of both pathways could improve antitumor efficacy and overcome resistance to EGFR inhibition. Preclinical studies have shown that VEGF and EGFR inhibitors can have additive effects and that combined inhibition is effective in EGFR inhibitor-resistant cell lines. Clinical trials have also produced promising data: combining the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab with the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab or the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib increases benefit compared with either of these anti-EGFR agents alone or combined with chemotherapy. The potential of this novel approach to anticancer therapy will be elucidated by large, ongoing clinical trials.
Characterization of rhodopsin kinase purified from bovine rod outer segments. (1990)

Rhodopsin kinase was purified by sequential chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and blue-Sepharose. Kinase activity co-purified with a 62-kDa polypeptide, which bound light-dependently in the absence of ATP to purified vesicle-reconstituted rhodopsin. Purified rhodopsin kinase is free of any detectable arrestin or the retinal G-protein. Rhodopsin kinase is autophosphorylated on serine residues which is unaffected by the presence of bleached rhodopsin and results in a transition in molecular mass to 64 kDa. Autophosphorylation of the kinase did not appear to alter the overall rate of rhodopsin phosphorylation or the apparent KM (0.6 microM) for purified reconstituted rhodopsin. Peptides corresponding to sequences within opsin loops 3-4 and 5-6 and the COOH terminus inhibited kinase phosphorylation of bleached rhodopsin, suggesting at least three potential sites to account for the stable high affinity binding of rhodopsin kinase to the bleached photoreceptor molecule that are at least in part distinct from the substrate sites for phosphorylation. These sequences are similar to those proposed for receptor recognition of G-proteins and indicate that the domains involved in light-dependent binding of rhodopsin kinase and retinal G-protein are similar or overlapping.