gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural comparison of erythrocytic stages of experimentally selected drug resistant strains of rodent malaria parasite P. berghei with its susceptible strain. (1989)

Studies on ultrastructure of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei have been mostly restricted to the experimentally selected chloroquine and pyrimethamine resistant strains. Study of the morphology of mefloquine and quinine resistant strain of P. berghei has been carried out to demonstrate some differences between normal and drug-resistant strains. The main differences are concerned with a complex physiological process i.e., food ingestion and digestion. E.M. studies reveal that in the sensitive strain of P. berghei the trophozoites possess numerous rod-shaped malarial pigment particles which lie within a vesicle. In the trophozoites of resistant parasites the malarial pigment particles are rarely visible. Trophozoites of the sensitive strain have only one large food vacuole while the trophozoite of the resistant parasite contains 2-3 smaller vacuoles.
Advanced 'contact engineering' for submicron VLSI multilevel metallization (1993)

Two contact engineering methods developed for submicron contact openings are described. The two methods, SCOPE (simultaneous contact and planarization etch) and PACE (planarization after contact etch), interchange the process sequences of dielectric planarization and contact etch to achieve uniform contact etch. Both etching processes eliminate the need for oxide reflow thereby minimizing the thermal budget after source/drain formation. Since the dielectric is planarized either during the contact etch (e.g., with SCOPE) or after contact etch (e.g., with PACE), the need for extensive overetching of the oxide due to the dissimilar contact depths is also eliminated. As a result, contact resistance and leakage currents are significantly reduced in comparison to results obtained with dielectrics planarized before etching. In addition, etching of field oxide due to pattern misalignment is minimized since the contacts are of similar depth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An overview of program visualization tools and systems (1998)

For years researchers have sought to find a way to make programs easier to understand. They have developed flowcharting techniques and even movies to show the flow of a program. It is a generally accepted notion that these tools make programs easier to understand. Current research in software visualization has resulted in the development of algorithm animation systems. These systems allow students to see the execution of a program. Several studies have been performed with mixed results. In this study, the author seeks to find if use of one of two particular animation systems effects understanding of an algorithm. This study also seeks to determine if students have a preference for one of the two tools. The results show that there is no significant difference between the two tools on understanding and application of an algorithm. There is however a preference for DynaLab over the GAIGS as an algorithm animation system for understanding of list concepts and for general use. There is no preference between the tools for use with recursive algorithms.
PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS BY SEDIMENTATION (1971)

Two methods of determining the size distribution of very fine powders by sedimentation in liquids are presented. Both methods result in a descriptive measure called the 'Stokesian diameter' of the particles which is based on the terminal velocity of particles in fluids as predicted by Stokes' law. One of the methods, gravity sedimentation using a recording balance, is useful in the nominal range of particle size of 5-100 microns. The second, photosedimentation, utilizes centrifugation to extend the range down to the area of 0.1 to 10 microns. Techniques of experimentation and methods of data reduction are discussed in detail for both methods. Complete computer programs for data analysis and sample outputs are included as appendices. (Author)
L´origen moral de la segregació escolar a Europa: La metàfora de "a poma podrida" (2011)

Els canvis que afectaren les ciencies de la naturalesa durant el segle XX - especialment, a partir de la seua segona meitat-, arribaren, de la ma de la Medicina, a la ciencia de l´esperit, la Psicologia, i, mitjancant ella, a la Pedagogia. L´aprofundiment en el coneixement de l´esser huma com entitat biologica i fisiologica, l´impacte de la higiene com a valor en molts aspectes de la societat d´entre segles -fins en la seua acepcio social-, els problemes organitzatius derivats de la implementacio del dret d´escolaritzacio universal, i un intent de convertir la Pedagogia en l´instrument de regeneracio moral per antonomasia, convergeixen en Europa per tal de fer neixer l´atencio psicoeducativa als i a les alumnes de dificil ajust en el sistema educatiu. Insignes cientifics de diferents camps del saber aporten, front els problemes d´ajust que presenten eixos i eixes alumnes, conceptes, experiencies, critiques i enfocaments que instauren las bases d´allo que, a partir de les primeres decades del segle XX, s´anomenara Educacio Especial o Pedagogia Correctiva o Terapeutica.
Relationship between human sperm motility characteristics and sperm penetration into human cervical mucus <i>in vitro</i> (1986)

A series of 100 modified Kremer tests of human sperm penetration into human cervical mucus was carried out as part of the routine investigation of couples presenting with infertility. The outcome of these tests was significantly correlated with the concentration and progressive motility of the spermatozoa in the semen sample used for the test. Other semen characteristics significantly correlated with the test result were the mean velocity of progression (VP) and the amplitude of lateral head displacement about the axis of progression (AH) of the progressive spermatozoa. Normal sperm morphology was also correlated with the outcome. Using these semen characteristics as the independent variables to predict the test outcome in a discriminant analysis (normal vs abnormal tests), 34.2% of the variance was accounted for. From the discriminant function equation 75.0% of the test results could be predicted correctly. In the 30 cases in which the semen samples used for the tests showed greater than or equal to 25 X 10(6) progressively motile spermatozoa per ml, mean VP of greater than or equal to 25 microns/sec and mean AH of greater than or equal to 7.5 microns, 83.3% had normal test results. Conversely, all 13 cases for which the semen characteristics were below these limits had abnormal test results. Therefore, both the concentration of progressively motile spermatozoa and their movement characteristics are significant factors determining the outcome of homologous tests of human sperm-cervical mucus interaction.
Whole-Genome Sequence of a Novel Species, Mycobacterium yongonense DSM 45126 <sup>T</sup> (2013)

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium yongonense DSM 45126(T), genetically closely related to the INT5 genotype of M. intracellulare.
Separation of jumper ant (<i>Myrmecia pilosula</i>) venom allergens: A novel group of highly basic proteins (1995)

The sting of the jumper ant (Myrmecia pilosula) causes severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis in sensitized individuals. Two of the major allergens, Myr p I and Myr p II, have been cloned, immunocharacterized and nucleotide-sequenced and they encode 112 and 75 residue polypeptides, respectively. Both allergens are highly basic proteins having isoelectric point values greater than 10. However, electrophoretic analysis has generated conflicting results as to the actual sizes of the allergens in the native venom. Electrophoretic, immunological and N-terminal analyses suggested that these allergens undergo extensive post-translational processing to final forms of 45 and 27 residues, respectively. The results highlight the difficulties in the study of small, basic proteins and polypeptides by electrophoretic techniques.
Low-Power 19-Transistor True Single-Phase Clocking Flip-Flop Design Based on Logic Structure Reduction Schemes (2017)

In this paper, an ultralow-power true single-phase clocking flip-flop (FF) design achieved using only 19 transistors is proposed. The design follows a master-slave-type logic structure and features a hybrid logic design comprising both static-CMOS logic and complementary pass-transistor logic. In the design, a logic structure reduction scheme is employed to reduce the number of transistors for achieving high power and delay performance. Despite its circuit simplicity, no internal nodes are left floating during the operation to avoid leakage power consumption. In this design, a virtual VDD design technique, which facilitates a faster state transition in the slave latch, is devised to enhance time performance. In circuit implementation, transistor sizes are optimized with respect to the powerdelay product (PDP). A TSMC 90-nm CMOS process was selected as the implementation technology. In this paper, the performance levels of seven FF designs were compared. The timing parameters of each FF were first characterized. Post-layout simulation results indicated that the proposed design excelled in various performance indices such as PDP, clock-to-Q delay, average power consumption, and leakage power consumption. Moreover, the design was determined to have the smallest layout area. Compared with the conventional transmission-gate-based FF design, the PDP improvement in the proposed design was up to 63.5% (at 12.5% switching activity) and the area saving was approximately 10%. Further simulations on process corners, supply voltage settings, and working frequencies were conducted to study the design reliability.
The Role of Innate versus Adaptive Immune Responses in a Mouse Model of O'Nyong-Nyong Virus Infection (2013)

O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), an alphavirus closely related to chikungunya virus (CHIKV), has caused three major epidemics in Africa since 1959. Both ONNV and CHIKV produce similar syndromes with fever, rash, and debilitating arthralgia. To determine the roles of the innate and adaptive immune responses, we infected different knockout mice with two strains of ONNV (SG650 and MP30). Wild-type, RAG1 KO, and IFNγR KO mice showed no signs of illness or viremia. The STAT1 KO and A129 mice exhibited 50-55% mortality when infected with SG650. Strain SG650 was more virulent in the STAT1 KO and A129 than MP30. Deficiency in interferon α/β signaling (A129 and STAT1 KO) leaves mice susceptible to lethal disease; whereas a deficiency of interferon γ signaling alone had no effect on survival. Our findings highlight the importance of type I interferon in protection against ONNV infection, whereas the adaptive immune system is relatively unimportant in the acute infection.
Non-linear generalized predictive control (NLGPC) applied to muscle relaxant anaesthesia (1998)

The well-known generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm is used to derive a discrete-time non-linear predictive controller for muscle relaxant anaesthesia, which has a Wiener structure representation, and which normally exhibits strong non-linearities as well as varying dead-time and lag dynamics owing to patient-topatient variability. The proposed controller minimizes the GPC quadratic performance index, taking into account the non-linear output predictions obtained using predictions of the linear part inferred using the inverse of the non-linear function. The minimization problem is solved using robust numerical search methods such as the golden section search method when NU= 1, the modified simplex method of Nelder-Mead when NU > 1 or genetic algorithms. Moreover, variations in the model dynamics are estimated using a recursive least-squares (RLS) estimation algorithm. The proposed scheme is shown to be superior to the linear GPC algorithm even in the case of significant mismatch between the assumed model nonlinearity and that of the actual system. The work forms the validation basis for future clinical trials on humans in operating theatre conditions.
Bendable Photodetector on Fibers Wrapped with Flexible Ultrathin Single Crystalline Silicon Nanomembranes (2017)

Silicon (Si) nanomembranes (NMs) enable conformal covering on complicated surfaces for novel applications. We adopt classical fibers as flexible/curved substrates and wrap them with freestanding ultrathin Si-NMs with a thickness of ∼20 nm. Intrinsic defects in single-crystalline Si-NMs provide a flow path for hydrofluoric acid (HF) to release the NM with a consecutive area of ∼0.25 cm<sup>2</sup>. Such Si-NMs with ultralow flexural rigidities are transferred onto a single-mode fiber (SMF) and functionalized into bendable photodetectors, which detects the leaked light when the fiber is bent. Our demonstration exemplifies optoelectronic applications in flexible photodetector for Si-NMs in a three-dimensional (3D) geometry.
Purification and properties of a 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of rat liver cytosol and its inhibition by anti-inflammatory drugs (1984)

An NAD(P)-dependent 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50) was purified to homogeneity from rat liver cytosol, where it is responsible for most if not all of the capacity for the oxidation of androsterone, 1-acenaphthenol and benzenedihydrodiol (trans-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene). The dehydrogenase has many properties (substrate specificity, pI, Mr, amino acid composition) in common with the dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.20) purified from the same source [Vogel, Bentley, Platt & Oesch (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 9621-9625]. Since 3 alpha-hydroxysteroids are by far the most efficient substrates, the enzyme is more appropriately designated a 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. It also promotes the NAD(P)H-dependent reductions of quinones (e.g. 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, 1,4-benzoquinone), aromatic aldehydes (4-nitrobenzaldehyde) and aromatic ketones (4-nitroacetophenone). The dehydrogenase is not inhibited by dicoumarol, disulfiram, hexobarbital or pyrazole. The mechanism of the powerful inhibition of this enzyme by both non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [Penning & Talalay (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 4504-4508] was examined with several substrates. Most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are competitive inhibitors (e.g. Ki for indomethacin, 0.20 microM for 9,10-phenanthrenequinone reduction at pH 6.0, and 0.835 microM for androsterone oxidation at pH 7.0), except for salicylates, which act non-competitively (e.g. Ki for aspirin, 650 microM for androsterone oxidation). The inhibitory potency of these agents falls sharply as the pH is increased from 6 to 9. Most anti-inflammatory steroids are likewise competitive inhibitors, except for the most potent (betamethasone and dexamethasone), which act non-competitively. The enzyme is inhibited competitively by arachidonic acid and various prostaglandins.
Green and efficient aza-Michael additions of aromatic amines to α,β-unsaturated ketones catalyzed by DBU based task-specific ionic liquids without solvent (2009)

The DBU (1,.0]undec-7-ene) derived task-specific ionic liquids
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS OF SALT SYSTEMS (1994)

Carbonatites are igneous rocks formed in the crust by fractional crystallization of carbonate-rich parental melts that are mostly mantle derived. They dominantly consist of carbonate minerals such as calcite, dolomite, and ankerite, as well as minor ...Read More
Preclinical Evaluation of Acylhydrazone SB-AF-1002 as a Novel Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Agent (2020)

The incidence of invasive fungal infections is rising due to the increase in susceptible populations. Current clinically available drugs have therapeutic limitations due to toxicity, a narrow spectrum of activity, and, more importantly, the consistent rise of fungal species that are intrinsically resistant or that develop resistance due to prolonged therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for new broad-spectrum antifungal agents with low toxicity and a novel mechanism of action. We previously reported a new class of potent antifungal compounds, acylhydrazones, that target the fungal sphingolipid pathway. Based upon our initial lead molecules, (<i>E</i>)-<i>N</i>'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-methylbenzohydrazide and D13, we performed a structure-activity relationship study, synthesizing ca. 300 new compounds. Of these, 5 compounds were identified to be the most promising for further studies, based on their broad-spectrum activity and low toxicity in mammalian cells lines. Among these top 5 lead compounds, we report here the impressive <i>in vivo</i> activity of 2,4-dibromo-<i>N</i>'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (SB-AF-1002) in several models of systemic fungal infection. Our data show that SB-AF-1002 is efficacious and outperforms current standard-of-care drugs in models of invasive fungal infections, such as cryptococcosis, candidiasis, and aspergillosis. Specifically, animals treated with SB-AF-1002 not only survived the infection but also showed a clearing of fungal cells from key organs. Moreover, SB-AF-1002 was very effective in an aspergillosis model as a prophylactic therapy. SB-AF-1002 also displayed acceptable pharmacokinetic properties in mice, similar to those of the parent compound, D13. These results clearly indicate that our novel acylhydrazones constitute a new class of highly potent and efficacious antifungal agents which warrant further development for the treatment of invasive fungal infections.
Silicone resin synthesized by tetraethoxysilane and chlorotrimethylsilane through hydrolysis–condensation reaction (2013)

ABSTRACT Silicone pressure‐sensitive adhesives compositions contain a polydimethylsiloxane and a silicone resin, which can enhance the instant bonding ability and bonding strength of the adhesive. In this study, silicone resin was designed to have a low molecular weight and a highly nonpolar chemical structure. The silicone resin was applied to silicone pressure‐sensitive adhesives. The molecular structure of silicone resin was characterized by FT‐IR, GPC, 1 H‐NMR, and 29 Si‐NMR spectroscopic techniques. Properties such as thermal stability, solubility, hydrophobic, and transparent properties were researched and compared. When the chlorotrimethylsilane increased, it appeared that the amount of silanol groups, molecular weight and thermal stability decreased, while the hydrophobic and transparent properties increased. The silicone resin was completely soluble in toluene and xylene. It was also applied to silicone pressure‐sensitive adhesives, resulting in good peel adhesion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40317.
Drive for success (2007)

A Sunderland car plant’s lean management system helped staff at a nearby hospital improve patient services, reports Ian Green
New development in CAR-T cell therapy (2017)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells (CAR-T cells) have yielded unprecedented efficacy in B cell malignancies, most remarkably in anti-CD19 CAR-T cells for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with up to a 90% complete remission rate. However, tumor antigen escape has emerged as a main challenge for the long-term disease control of this promising immunotherapy in B cell malignancies. In addition, this success has encountered significant hurdles in translation to solid tumors, and the safety of the on-target/off-tumor recognition of normal tissues is one of the main reasons. In this mini-review, we characterize some of the mechanisms for antigen loss relapse and new strategies to address this issue. In addition, we discuss some novel CAR designs that are being considered to enhance the safety of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors.
Two New Asymmetric Boolean Chaos Oscillators with No Dependence on Incommensurate Time-Delays and Their Circuit Implementation (2020)

This manuscript introduces two new chaotic oscillators based on autonomous Boolean networks (ABN), preserving asymmetrical logic functions. That means that the ABNs require a combination of XOR-XNOR logic functions. We demonstrate analytically that the two ABNs do not have fixed points, and therefore, can evolve to Boolean chaos. Using the Lyapunov exponent’s method, we also prove the chaotic behavior, generated by the proposed chaotic oscillators, is insensitive to incommensurate time-delays paths. As a result, they can be implemented using distinct electronic circuits. More specifically, logic-gates–, GAL–, and FPGA–based implementations verify the theoretical findings. An integrated circuit using a CMOS 180nm fabrication technology is also presented to get a compact chaos oscillator with relatively high-frequency. Dynamical behaviors of those implementations are analyzed using time-series, time-lag embedded attractors, frequency spectra, Poincaré maps, and Lyapunov exponents.
Strategies for the development of a peptide computer (2001)

Peptide-antibody interactions can be used to perform a large number of small logical operations in parallel. We show for example how a sequence of operations can be used to compare the number of occurrences of an element in two sets and how to estimate the number of occurrences of an element in a set. Similar to DNA-computing, these techniques could in principle be extended to solve instances of NP-complete problems. We give as an example a procedure to solve examples of the satisfiability problem.
Query optimization techniques for partitioned tables (2011)

Table partitioning splits a table into smaller parts that can be accessed, stored, and maintained independent of one another. From their traditional use in improving query performance, partitioning strategies have evolved into a powerful mechanism to improve the overall manageability of database systems. Table partitioning simplifies administrative tasks like data loading, removal, backup, statistics maintenance, and storage provisioning. Query language extensions now enable applications and user queries to specify how their results should be partitioned for further use. However, query optimization techniques have not kept pace with the rapid advances in usage and user control of table partitioning. We address this gap by developing new techniques to generate efficient plans for SQL queries involving multiway joins over partitioned tables. Our techniques are designed for easy incorporation into bottom-up query optimizers that are in wide use today. We have prototyped these techniques in the PostgreSQL optimizer. An extensive evaluation shows that our partition-aware optimization techniques, with low optimization overhead, generate plans that can be an order of magnitude better than plans produced by current optimizers.
Association of a functional single‐nucleotide polymorphism of <i>PTPN22</i>, encoding lymphoid protein phosphatase, with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (2005)

These results suggest that the PTPN22 1858T allele may confer differential susceptibility to RA and SLE in the Spanish population.