gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age-dependent reduction of cortical contusion volume by ketones after traumatic brain injury (2005)

Although the adult brain primarily metabolizes glucose, the evidence from the starvation literature has demonstrated that the adult brain retains some potential to revert to ketone metabolism. This attribute has been exploited recently to shift the adult brain toward ketone metabolism after traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in increased cerebral uptake and oxidation of exogenously administered ketones and improved cerebral energy. The ability to utilize ketones as an alternative substrate decreases with cerebral maturation, suggesting that the younger brain has a greater ability to metabolize this substrate and may be more receptive to this therapy. It was hypothesized that the administration of ketones after TBI in the developing brain will decrease lesion size in an age-dependent manner. Postnatal day (PND) 17, 35, 45, and 65 rats were placed on either a standard or ketogenic (KG) diet after controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. PND35 and PND45 KG-fed animals showed a 58% and 39% reduction in cortical contusion volume, respectively, at 7 days post-injury. The KG diet had no effect on contusion volume in PND17 and PND65 injured rats. Both PND35 and PND45 KG-fed groups revealed fewer Fluoro-Jade-positive cells in the cortex and hippocampus at 6 hr and showed earlier decreases in plasma lactate compared to standard-fed animals. The age-dependent ketogenic neuroprotection is likely related to age-related differences in cerebral metabolism of ketones and suggests that alternative substrate therapy has potential applications for younger head-injured patients.
Simple Distributed Weighted Matchings (2004)

Wattenhofer [WW04] derive a complicated distributed algorithm to compute a weighted matching of an arbitrary weighted graph, that is at most a factor 5 away from the maximum weighted matching of that graph. We show that a variant of the obvious sequential greedy algorithm [Pre99], that computes a weighted matching at most a factor 2 away from the maximum, is easily distributed. This yields the best known distributed approximation algorithm for this problem so far.
The influence of dichloroiso-proterenol (DCI) and related compounds upon ouabain and acetylstrophanthidin induced cardiac arrhythmias. (1961)

Several investigators have reported on the ability of DCI to prevent a variety of cardiac arrhythmias in which sympathomimetic amines in conjunction with other agents were used to induce the cardiac disturbance. In the present investigation it has been demonstrated that DCI and several related dichlorophenyl substituted compounds can restore normal cardiac rhythm in hearts intoxicated with either acetylstrophanthidin or ouabain. Similar results were obtained with in vitro and in vivo preparations. From the present study it appears that DCI possesses an antiarrhythmic action which is independent of its ability to block beta adrenergic receptors. The significance of the dichloro substitution on the phenyl ring of sympathomimetic amines is discussed. The mechanism by which DCI restores normal cardiac rhythm following toxic doses of acetylstrophanthidin or ouabain is not known.
Purification of an Extracellular Proteinase from <i>Penicillium notatum</i> (1968)

An extracellular proteolytic enzyme from the culture medium of Penicillium notatum , obtained as a dry, tannin‐precipitated powder from a commercial source, has been isolated. The purification procedures used include extraction of the crude proteinase with buffer from the commercial product, precipitation with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on DEAE‐Sephadex A‐25, gel filtration on Sephadex G‐75, followed by ion‐exchange chromatography on SE‐Sephadex C‐50, and finally zone electrophoresis on a cellulose column. Sufficient evidence is presented to show the purity of the isolated proteinase. Arguments for and against the presence of two distinct proteolytic enzymes from the same source are also presented.
The Stimulus‐Secretion Coupling of Glucose‐Induced Insulin Release VIII. Combined Effects of Glucose and Sulfonylureas* (1972)

Abstract. Sulfonylureas such as BS4231 and HB419 stimulate insulin secretion in pieces of rat pancreatic tissue. Their insulinotropic effect requires the presence of a sufficient amount of calcium in the incubation medium. Both sulfonylureas markedly stimulate calcium uptake by isolated islets of Langerhans, their stimulant action being more marked in the absence of glucose or at low glucose concentration than at higher glucose levels. Theophylline alone does not stimulate insulin secretion, but it significantly enhances insulin release in the presence of BS4231. This finding is interpreted as another indication that sulfonylureas, like glucose or leucine, favour calcium accumulation in the beta cell by modifying the balance between calcium influx and efflux across the plasma membrane. Heavy water, a microtubules‐stabilizer, inhibits the insulinotropic action of sulfonylureas, but does not affect BS4231‐induced calcium uptake. These data suggest that the insulinotropic action of sulfonylureas results from the accumulation of calcium in the beta cell, and the subsquent activation of the microtubular‐microfilamentous system involved in the emiocytosis of insulin secretory granules.
Adaptive change detection for real-time surveillance applications (2002)

This paper describes a new real-time approach for detecting changes in grey level image sequences, which were taken from stationary cameras. This new method combines a temporal difference method with an adaptive background model subtraction scheme. When changes in illumination occur the background model is automatically adapted to suit the new conditions. For the adaptation of the background model a new method is proposed, which avoids reinforcement of adaptation errors by performing the adaptation solely on those regions that were detected by the temporal difference method rather than using the regions resulting from the overall algorithm. Thus the adaptation process is separated from the results of its own background subtraction algorithm. The change detector was successfully tested both in a vision-based workspace monitoring system for different kinds of non-autonomous service robots and in a surveillance scenario, in which it was the task to detect people in a subway-platform scenario. The proposed real-time algorithm showed recognition rates of up to 90% in the foreground and 84% in the background and performed in all cases at least 12% better than the alternative method of adaptive background estimation which uses a modified Kalman filtering technique.
Ion-implanted photoresist removal using water/carbon dioxide mixtures at elevated temperature and pressure (2001)

The ability of water and water/1% carbon dioxide mixtures to remove ion-implanted photoresist from silicon substrates was investigated. Photoresist with implant levels up to 2×1015/cm2 of boron and phosphorus were stripped effectively at a temperature of 165 °C and a pressure of 58.6 bar (850 psi) by both water and water/carbon dioxide. Removal of photoresist at low implant levels (2×1012/cm2) proceeded rapidly, while samples at higher dose levels (&gt;2×1015/cm2) had a thin carbonized layer at the photoresist surface that inhibited the removal rate. Removal of this carbonized layer required approximately 2 min for water/carbon dioxide and approximately 8 min for water, while complete removal of the remaining photoresist film took less than 30 min for both fluids. Patterned, arsenic-implanted (1×1016/cm2) photoresist layers were removed by water/carbon dioxide at 200 °C, 850 psi, 3 ml/min flow rate, and 30 min exposure. Under all conditions investigated, water/carbon dioxide proved more effective than pure water at removing ion-implanted photoresist.
Advantages of bulk over SOI in performance of thyristor-based SRAM cell with selective epitaxy anode (2007)

We fabricated alternative SRAM cells based on a thyristor using SOI and bulk Si wafers, and then compared their performance. A selective epitaxy technique was applied to form anode regions (SEA) for both types. These devices performed extremely well, with high-speed read/write, high l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> current ratio (>108), and low stand-by current (< 0.5 nA/cell). Write "1" (turn-on) and read performance were comparable for both bulk and SOI (< 100 ps). However, for write "0" (turn-off), the bulk type had much faster speed and lower voltage than the SOI type. In RAM operations, performance of the SOI type would be dominated by write "0" operation speed. These results suggest that the bulk type is more suitable than the SOI type for RAM devices that operate at highspeed.
An intelligent fault recognizer for rotating machinery via remote characteristic vibration signal detection (2011)

Monitoring industrial machine health in real-time is not only highly demanded but also significantly complicated and difficult. Possible reasons for this include: (a) Access to the machines on site is sometimes impracticable; and (b) The environment in which they operate is usually not human-friendly due to pollution, noise, hazardous wastes, etc. Despite the theoretically sound findings on developing intelligent solutions for machine condition based monitoring, there are few commercial tools in the market that can readily be used. This paper reports on the development of an intelligent fault recognition and monitoring system (Melvin I), which detects and diagnoses rotating machine conditions according to changes in fault frequency indicators. The signals and data are remotely collected from designated sections of machines via data acquisition cards. They are processed by a signal processor in order to extract characteristic vibration signals of ten key performance indicators (KPIs). A 3-layer neural network is designed to recognize and classify faults based on the set of KPIs. The system implemented in our laboratory and applied in the field can also incorporate new experiences into the knowledge base without overwriting previous training. Preliminary results have demonstrated that Melvin I is a smart tool for both system vibration analysts and industrial machine operators.
Real‐time monitoring of recombinant antibody breakthrough during Protein A affinity chromatography (1999)

An on-line assay was developed to monitor antibody breakthrough in real time during Protein A affinity chromatography of recombinant antibodies. When loading cell culture fluid on to a Protein A affinity column, antibody breakthrough cannot be measured by UV absorbance because of the flow-through of UV-absorbing impurities. An assay using perfusion chromatography media with immobilized Protein A is a rapid, antibody-specific assay. It directly samples preparative column effluent, allowing real-time measurement of antibody breakthrough during loading of Protein A affinity chromatography. Breakthrough curves were generated for three column media at five flow rates, showing the effects of diffusion on the shape of the breakthrough curve. The breakthrough curves were used to measure dynamic capacity.
Semen-Specific Genetic Characteristics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 <i>env</i> (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the male genital tract may comprise virus produced locally in addition to virus transported from the circulation. Virus produced in the male genital tract may be genetically distinct, due to tissue-specific cellular characteristics and immunological pressures. HIV-1 env sequences derived from paired blood and semen samples from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database were analyzed to ascertain a male genital tract-specific viral signature. Machine learning algorithms could predict seminal tropism based on env sequences with accuracies exceeding 90%, suggesting that a strong genetic signature does exist for virus replicating in the male genital tract. Additionally, semen-derived viral populations exhibited constrained diversity (P < 0.05), decreased levels of positive selection (P < 0.025), decreased CXCR4 coreceptor utilization, and altered glycosylation patterns. Our analysis suggests that the male genital tract represents a distinct selective environment that contributes to the apparent genetic bottlenecks associated with the sexual transmission of HIV-1.
Action of Antifouling Paints. (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of Antifouling Paints.John D. Ferry and Bostwick H. KetchumCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 8, 806–810Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50440a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50440a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Trivacant heteropolytungstate derivatives: the rational synthesis, characterization, and tungsten-183 NMR spectra of P2W18M4(H2O)2O6810- (M = cobalt,copper,zinc) (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrivacant heteropolytungstate derivatives: the rational synthesis, characterization, and tungsten-183 NMR spectra of P2W18M4(H2O)2O6810- (M = cobalt,copper,zinc)Richard G. Finke, Mike Droege, James R. Hutchinson, and Otto GansowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 6, 1587–1589Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00396a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00396a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views869Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Emission from Hollow Cathodes (1955)

The results of a phenomenological study of hollow cathodes are presented. Evidence has been accumulated to show that an oxide-coated hollow cathode has two regions of emission with significantly different properties. These are believed to be the coated inner surface of the cavity and a deposit of crystalline material formed on the orifice edge by evaporation from the original coating. Measurements of the relative importance of the two sources have been made under various conditions.
Rate-distortion optimized hybrid error control for real-time packetized video transmission (2005)

The problem of application-layer error control for real-time video transmission over packet lossy networks is commonly addressed via joint source-channel coding (JSCC), where source coding and forward error correction (FEC) are jointly designed to compensate for packet losses. In this paper, we consider hybrid application-layer error correction consisting of FEC and retransmissions. The study is carried out in an integrated joint source-channel coding (IJSCC) framework, where error resilient source coding, channel coding, and error concealment are jointly considered in order to achieve the best video delivery quality. We first show the advantage of the proposed IJSCC framework as compared to a sequential JSCC approach, where error resilient source coding and channel coding are not fully integrated. In the USCC framework, we also study the performance of different error control scenarios, such as pure FEC, pure retransmission, and their combination. Pure FEC and application layer retransmissions are shown to each achieve optimal results depending on the packet loss rates and the round-trip time. A hybrid of FEC and retransmissions is shown to outperform each component individually due to its greater flexibility.
Environmental friendly package development by using copper wirebonding (2010)

This paper focuses on the 1.0 mil Cu wire development and its reliability performance mainly at component level of a BGA wire bond package which consists of 2 metal layer organic substrate more than 500 pin counts. This paper covers package reliability tests such as THB (Temperature and Humidity Biased test), unbiased HAST, TCB (temperature cycling B), high temperature storage tests on BGA laminate with 1.0 mil 4N bare Cu wire. Selection of best package BOM was based on component reliability test and also assembly process data collected during the evaluation. Therefore selection of BOM is not solely based on reliability performance but also its process feasibility and manufacturability. Comprehensive experimental analysis has been carried out to determine the bill of materials for the most robust Cu wire bonding process and reliability performance. Failure analysis on the unbiased HAST failure unit was carried out to understand the failure mechanism and benchmark to the industrial finding. Final reliability validation based on the selected BOM and process condition was conducted and results have been covered in this paper. In addition, comprehensive ongoing reliability monitoring program and yield monitoring have been established to ensure flawless production implementation and package reliability of Altera's Cu wirebond BGA laminate package.
Modeling and rendering of metallic patinas (2006)

An important component that has been missing from image synthesis is the effect of weathering. In this paper, we present an approach for the modeling and rendering of one type of weathering--metallic patinas. A patina is a film or incrustation on a surface that is produced by the removal of material, the addition of material, or the chemical alteration of a surface. Oxidation, sulphidization, and painting are examples of phenomena that produce patinas.We represent a surface as a series of layers. Patinas are simulated with a collection of operators, such as "coat," "erode," and "polish," which are applied to the layered structure. The development of patinas is modulated according to an object's geometry and local environmental factors. We introduce a technique to model the reflectance and transmission of light through the layered structure using the Kubelka-Munk model. This representation yields a model that can simulate many aspects of the time-dependent appearance of metals as they are exposed to the atmosphere or treated chemically. We demonstrate the approach with a collection of copper models.
Degradation of biomedical polydimethylsiloxanes during exposure to <i>in vivo</i> biofilm environment monitored by FE‐SEM, ATR‐FTIR, and MALDI‐TOF MS (2009)

Abstract Polymers used for biomedical purposes in medical devices are usually requested to be inert to degradation. This article describes that slow irreversible changes were observed in silicone surfaces exposed to in vivo biofilms even if silicone, in general, is supposed to have excellent long‐term properties. Tracheostomy tubes made of silicone rubber were exposed to in vivo biofilm environments in clinical tests for periods of 1, 3, and 6 months. The chemical degradation was monitored by MALDI‐TOF MS, ATR‐FTIR, and FE‐SEM. In addition, the physical changes were monitored by contact angle and hardness measurements. Cyclic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was detected on the surfaces of new (unaged) silicones. On the surfaces of the in vivo samples new compounds, presumably linear methyl‐hydroxyl‐terminated PDMS, were detected in addition to cyclic PDMS. These compounds may be formed as a result of the hydrolysis of linear dimethyl terminated PDMS, which is also present in the silicone rubber. ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that hydrolysis had indeed occurred during the in vivo exposure, since SiOH groups were detected. Furthermore, significant changes in the topography were detected by FE‐SEM, indicating the initiation of degradation. No significant changes in the contact angle of the in vivo used samples were observed, but this information may be shielded by the fact that biofilm may remain on the surface, despite the thorough cleaning before the analysis. It is also possible that the surface hydrophobicity was recovered by the diffusion of linear low‐molecular‐weight compounds from the bulk. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Trainable gesture recognition framework for virtual keyboard (2005)

Abstract: this research presents gesture recognition based virtual keyboard functional framework. Fingertip trajectory based key stroke detection, articulation feature vector based key association are basic building blocks for the framework. This framework is trainable and learns the trajectories of fingertips of different users to make key stroke and associated articulation feature vector for pressing particular key by certain finger.
Virtual action learning: what's going on? (2008)

This paper presents the findings of on-going research at Henley Business School which aimed to explore current practice and identify the critical enabling factors for this emerging form of action learning. At the start of the inquiry, October 2006, existing technologies for VAL seemed very limited in what they could deliver and suggested a simple six-form model of potential sorts of VAL. In less than 2 years, there have been considerable advances both in technological developments and in the levels of usage. What was cumbersome is becoming more accessible, more user-friendly yet sophisticated and is increasingly offering viable alternatives to f2f collaboration. However, despite these technological advances, with more examples of VAL practice going on than we thought, simple technologies such as email and audio-conferencing are proving successful. VAL emerges as a variety of action learning in its own right with its own strengths and weaknesses. The practitioners of the various approaches to VAL frequently assert different potential benefits from this way of doing AL. Just as VAL should not necessarily be measured against f2f AL, so one must caution against making assumptions that any one form is necessarily better than any other, even where communication possibilities appear to be restricted. Opinion is divided on whether VAL is a substitute for f2f AL or whether it has advantages that may lead it to being preferred over f2f AL. These arguments await further research and exploration.
Low‐Temperature Wafer‐Scale Production of ZnO Nanowire Arrays. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.