gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution visualization of H3 variants during replication reveals their controlled recycling (2018)

DNA replication is a challenge for the faithful transmission of parental information to daughter cells, as both DNA and chromatin organization must be duplicated. Replication stress further complicates the safeguard of epigenome integrity. Here, we investigate the transmission of the histone variants H3.3 and H3.1 during replication. We follow their distribution relative to replication timing, first in the genome and, second, in 3D using super-resolution microscopy. We find that H3.3 and H3.1 mark early- and late-replicating chromatin, respectively. In the nucleus, H3.3 forms domains, which decrease in density throughout replication, while H3.1 domains increase in density. Hydroxyurea impairs local recycling of parental histones at replication sites. Similarly, depleting the histone chaperone ASF1 affects recycling, leading to an impaired histone variant landscape. We discuss how faithful transmission of histone variants involves ASF1 and can be impacted by replication stress, with ensuing consequences for cell fate and tumorigenesis.
Total Synthesis of Phomazarin (1999)

A concise total synthesis of phomazarin (1) is detailed enlisting a heterocyclic azadiene inverse electron demand Diels−Alder reaction (1,2,4-triazine → pyridine) for preparation of the fully substituted and appropriately functionalized pyridine C-ring. Thus, [4 + 2] cycloaddition (85%) of triethyl 1,2,4-triazine-3,5,6-tricarboxylate (2) with trimethoxyethylene (3) followed by conversion of the cycloadduct 11 to the cyclic anhydride 13 provided the phomazarin C-ring with the three carboxylates suitably differentiated. Linkage of the A- and C-rings through selective nucleophilic addition of the aryllithium reagent 9 to the least hindered anhydride carbonyl of 13 followed by Friedel−Crafts closure of the B-ring provided the fully functionalized phomazarin skeleton. The successful structural correlation of synthetic 1 with natural material and its derivatives confirmed the latest structural assignment for the natural product.
Scalable Two-Step Synthesis of Nickel–Iron Phosphide Electrodes for Stable and Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution (2016)

The development of efficient, durable, and inexpensive hydrogen evolution electrodes remains a key challenge for realizing a sustainable H2 fuel production via electrocatalytic water splitting. Herein, nickel–iron phosphide porous films with precisely controlled metal content were synthesized on Ti foil using a simple and scalable two-step strategy of spray-pyrolysis deposition followed by low-temperature phosphidation. The nickel–iron phosphide of an optimized Ni:Fe ratio of 1:4 demonstrated excellent overall catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 0.5 M H2SO4, achieving current densities of −10 and −30 mA cm–2 at overpotentials of 101 and 123 mV, respectively, with a Tafel slope of 43 mV dec–1. Detailed analysis obtained by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, electrochemistry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the superior overall HER activity of nickel–iron phosphide as compared to nickel phosphide and iron phosphide was a combined effect of differences in the morphology (real surface area) and the intrinsic catalytic properties (electronic structure). Together with a long-term stability and a near-100% Faradaic efficiency, the nickel–iron phosphide electrodes produced in this study provide blueprints for large-scale H2 production.
Cost-outcomes focus is essential for ACO success. (2013)

To succeed under value-based payment, accountable care organizations (ACOs) must be able to link, analyze, and compare clinical and administrative data from across their constituent organizations. ACOs require a precise costing methodology, such as activity-based costing, to be able to manage costs effectively and gain critical insight into which service lines are delivering value from a clinical and financial standpoint. To support informed strategic decision-making, ACOs also require ready access to integrated patient encounter data to be able to perform the sophisticated modeling of predictive analytics.
Clinical significance of platelet microparticles in autoimmune thrombocytopenias. (1992)

Platelet microparticles (PMPs) are vesicles derived from platelet membranes that are too small (less than 0.5 micron) to be detected in routine platelet counting. They arise in association with platelet activation and other unknown causes. Elevated PMPs have been observed in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a disorder in which autoantibody interacts with platelets and the opsonized platelets are destroyed by macrophages. However, the clinical significance of PMP has been unknown. Using flow cytometry, we examined PMP concentrations in 62 patients with ITP and in 33 normal control subjects to assess the clinical significance of PMP in ITP. When compared with PMP levels in control subjects, PMP levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.005) in patients with ITP, but considerable variation among individual patients was observed. Patients with platelet counts less than or equal to 60,000 were evaluated for correlation of PMP levels with manifestations of thrombocytopenias; patients without symptoms (free of petechiae or mucosal bleeding) are found to have significantly higher PMP levels (p less than 0.05) than patients with symptoms, suggesting hemostatic protection by PMP. Additionally, we identified a group of patients with ITP who experienced neurologic complications resembling transient cerebral ischemic attacks (TIAs): recurrent episodes of dizzy spells or weakness in mild cases, and coma, seizure, or progressive dementia in advanced cases. Small cerebral infarcts were demonstrated by computed axial tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging in spite of severe thrombocytopenias. Patients with this syndrome are often found to have higher PMP levels (p less than 0.005) when compared with the group free of neurologic complications. It is concluded that PMPs play an important role in hemostasis in patients with thrombocytopenia, and that high concentrations of hemostatically active PMP can be thrombogenic in certain clinical settings. Quantitation and characterization of PMP is important in assessment and management of patients with thrombocytopenia.
Mechanism of naked DNA clearance after intravenous injection (2007)

This study clarifies the mechanism by which naked DNA is eliminated from the circulation after i.v. injection, focusing on the role of both the liver and blood compartments in vivo (i.e. mouse). With this knowledge, we can more clearly understand the mechanism of naked DNA clearance and develop more efficient strategies for DNA transfer in vivo.
Three New Methylobacterium Species: M. rhodesianum sp. nov., M. zatmanii sp. nov., and M. fujisawaense sp. nov. (1988)

Three new Methylobacterium species (M. zatmanii, M. rhodesianum, and M. fujisawaense) are proposed on the basis of deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid homology. Strains are assigned to these and other species of Methylobacterium on the basis of both the homology data and previously published phenotypic data.
Investigating Feed-Forward Neural Regulation of Circulation From Analysis of Spontaneous Arterial Pressure and Heart Rate Fluctuations (1999)

These results suggest that nonbaroreflex sequences represent the expression of an integrated, neurally mediated, feed-forward type of short-term cardiovascular regulation able to interact dynamically with the feedback mechanisms of baroreflex origin in the control of heart period.
Laser Alignment Signal Simulation for Analysis of Al Layers (1989)

Laser alignment systems are widely used in optical lithography for LSI production. They, especially the dark field type, have high signal-to-noise sensitivity to step height or grating line alignment marks, because of a sharp and high intensity spot owing to coherency of laser beam. The coherency often distorts alignment signals according to a little change of interference condition caused by variation of alignment marks. This phenomenon causes overlay accuracy to Al layers to deteriorate. This is because that the Al layers sometimes have a cracked or granulated rough surface and asymmetrical alignment marks which produce noise and deformed signals. In order to analyze and optimize these effects, a computer program has been developed. Laser Step Alignment (LSA) is used as a model system. With this program, it is possible to calculate the alignment signal from 3-dimensional alignment mark and resist profiles. Then, the overlay errors are analyzed from the simulated signals at various detection levels. In one optimized case, when a concave mark is used, the lower detection level should be selected to minimize the influence of Al asymmetrical coverage. This case corresponds to many experimental results.
Glibenclamide depresses the slowly inactivating outward current (<i>I</i><sub>D</sub>) in hippocampal neurons (1992)

Sulphonylurea drugs, such as glibenclamide and tolbutamide, are widely used as selective blockers of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K channels. In experiments on hippocampal slices (from Wistar rats) glibenclamide (and possibly gliquidone and tolbutamide) significantly reduced the highly voltage-dependent, 4-aminopyridine-sensitive D-type outward current of CA3 neurons. Judging by these observations, the sulphonylureas may not be as selective as generally believed.
The amygdala between sensation and affect: a role in pain (2013)

The amygdala is a structure of the temporal lobe thought to be involved in assigning emotional significance to environmental information and triggering adapted physiological, behavioral and affective responses. A large body of literature in animals and human implicates the amygdala in fear. Pain having a strong affective and emotional dimension, the amygdala, especially its central nucleus (CeA), has also emerged in the last twenty years as key element of the pain matrix. The CeA receives multiple nociceptive information from the brainstem, as well as highly processed polymodal information from the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. It also possesses the connections that allow influencing most of the descending pain control systems as well as higher centers involved in emotional, affective and cognitive functions. Preclinical studies indicate that the integration of nociceptive inputs in the CeA only marginally contributes to sensory-discriminative components of pain, but rather contributes to associated behavior and affective responses. The CeA doesn't have a major influence on responses to acute nociception in basal condition, but it induces hypoalgesia during aversive situation, such as stress or fear. On the contrary, during persistent pain states (inflammatory, visceral, neuropathic), a long-lasting functional plasticity of CeA activity contributes to an enhancement of the pain experience, including hyperalgesia, aversive behavioral reactions and affective anxiety-like states.
An HMM-based Text Segmentation Method Using Variational Bayes Approach and Its Application to LVCSR for Broadcast News (2006)

Recent progress in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) has raised the possibility of applying information retrieval techniques to the resulting text. This paper presents a novel unsupervised text segmentation method. Assuming a generative model of a text stream as a left-to-right hidden Markov model (HMM), text segmentation can be formulated as model parameter estimation and model selection using the text stream. The formulation is derived based on the variational Bayes framework, which is expected to work well with highly sparse data such as text. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a series of experiments, where broadcast news programs are automatically transcribed and segmented into separate news stories.
Calibration (1965)

In calibration, a functional relationship is assumed to exist between some magnitude X, commonly the amount of a substance, and an observed instrumental measurement Y of that magnitude. The problem then arises how to deduce the functional relationship from the plotted points. A reasonable way to do this is to assume that any irregularity displayed by the plotted points is attributable to experimental error to assume that the functional relationship is estimated from the plotted points by "smoothing" the latter. Once the regression calculations have yielded an estimate of the calibration curve, the latter is used to estimate the value of the hypothetical standard corresponding to a further observed measurement. The calibration problem becomes conceptually simplest whenever it can be assumed that this "value of the hypothetical standard" can be interpreted as "true concentration of the unknown."
Compression of Plenoptic Point Clouds Using the Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (2018)

Point clouds have recently gained interest for the represention of 3D scenes in augmented and virtual reality. In real-time applications point clouds typically assume one color per point. While this approach is suited to represent diffuse objects, it is less realistic with specular surfaces. We consider the compression of plenoptic point clouds, wherein each voxel is associated to colors as seen by different angles. We propose an efficiently compressible representation to incorporate the plenoptic information of each voxel. We have proposed three compression methods, one based on a cylindrical projection and two others based on the intersection of the line of view with the voxel's face, one using flat boundaries and the other using a spherical boundary. Extensive tests have shown that the last two have the best performance, which are much superior than independently encoding the color attributes from each of the cameras point of views.
Preparation, Use, and Safety of <i>O</i>-Mesitylenesulfonylhydroxylamine (2009)

The aminating reagent O-mesitylsulfonylhydroxylamine (MSH) has a known potential hazard since it contains high-energy functional groups in its structure. There are references in the literature that report several incidents involving the use of pure and crystalline MSH. The preparation and safe use of this reagent at kilo scale are described herein.
Providing secure environments for untrusted network applications-with case studies using VirtualVault and Trusted Sendmail Proxy (2002)

Bugs in network application programs can be exploited to compromise the system on which the application is running. When running these applications in an unsafe environment such as the Internet, the security concerns raised are a significant barrier to electronic commerce. In addition, these application programs (such as Web servers, mailservers, etc.) are usually too big and complex to be bug-free; trying to build security directly into these applications has proven to be very difficult. This paper demonstrates that a compartmented-mode workstation is a suitable platform to provide a secure environment that can contain most existing network applications. We describe how to wrap these applications in order to reduce the potential for a security breach without the need to rewrite the application completely. By minimizing the effort of transferring unsafe application services so that they are reasonably secure, we are able to accelerate the process of electronic commerce.
Extending Q-Learning to General Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems (2003)

Recent multi-agent extensions of Q-Learning require knowledge of other agents&apos; payoffs and Q-functions, and assume game-theoretic play at all times by all other agents. This paper proposes a fundamentally different approach, dubbed &quot;Hyper-Q&quot; Learning, in which values of mixed strategies rather than base actions are learned, and in which other agents&apos; strategies are estimated from observed actions via Bayesian inference. Hyper-Q
Low Noise Agile Microwave Frequency Synthesizer for Satellite Comunications (1989)

An attractive approach to mi crowave frequency synthesis is presented, which allows to obtain very low near-carrier phase noise and fully frequency agility required for digital Satellite Communications. A highly modular VHF Multiloop Synthesizer (VMS) is used as reference frequency for a Samp1ed Microwave Loop (SML), wh ich is based on an efficient sampling technique, using different harmonics. This approach allows to simplify the microwave circuits, avoiding dividers, multipliers and frequency conversions. A microprocessor performs all the control functions for both VMS and SML.
Uncertainty reasoning for the world wide web: report on the URW3-XG incubator group (2008)

Abstract. The Uncertainty Reasoning for the World Wide Web Incubator Group (URW3-XG) was chartered as a means to explore and better define the challenges of reasoning with and representing uncertain information in the context of the World Wide Web. The objectives of the URW3-XG were: (1) To identify and describe situations on the scale of the World Wide Web for which uncertainty reasoning would significantly increase the potential for extracting useful information; and (2) To identify methodologies that can be applied to these situations and the fundamentals of a standardized representation that could serve as the basis for information exchange necessary for these methodologies to be effectively used. This paper describes the activities undertaken by the URW3-XG, the recommendations produced by the group, and next steps required to carry forward the work begun by the group. 1
The predisposing factors, biological markers, neuroimaging techniques and medical complications associated with Alzheimer's disease. (2011)

With increased longevity and increased prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and obesity, dementia is likely to raise three to fourfold. The diagnosis of the Alzheimer's type dementia is being challenged as the majority of the dementias appear to be of the mixed type. Biological and genetic factors combined with life style choices play a role in the development of the dementias. The drugs in current use to modify the symptoms have had little impact. Today's research challenges the long held amyloid theory of Alzheimer 's disease. Research has been inconsistent and more support is needed to help us identify preventable and modifiable factors of the disease.
Occurrence and Detection of AmpC Beta-Lactamases among <i>Escherichia coli</i> , <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> , and <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> Isolates at a Veterans Medical Center (2000)

AmpC beta-lactamases are cephalosporinases that confer resistance to a wide variety of beta-lactam drugs and that may thereby create serious therapeutic problems. Although reported with increasing frequency, the true rate of occurrence of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis remains unknown. We tested a total of 1,286 consecutive, nonrepeat isolates of these three species and found that, overall, 45 (3.5%) yielded a cefoxitin zone diameter less than 18 mm (screen positive) and that 16 (1.2%) demonstrated AmpC bands by isoelectric focusing. Based on the species, of 683 E. coli, 371 K. pneumoniae, and 232 P. mirabilis isolates tested, 13 (1.9%), 28 (7.6%), and 4 (1.7%), respectively, demonstrated decreased zone diameters and 11 (1.6%), 4 (1.1%), and 1 (0.4%), respectively, demonstrated AmpC bands. Cefoxitin resistance was transferred for all but 8 (E. coli) of the 16 AmpC producers. We also describe a three-dimensional extract test, which was used to detect phenotypically isolates that harbor AmpC beta-lactamase. Of the 45 cefoxitin-resistant isolates, the three-dimensional extract test accurately identified all 16 AmpC producers and 28 of 29 (97%) isolates as non-AmpC producers. Interestingly, most (86%) isolates in the latter group were K. pneumoniae isolates. These data confirm that, at our institution, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis harbor plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes.
Solubilities of hydrogen and nitrogen in alcohols and n-hexane (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubilities of hydrogen and nitrogen in alcohols and n-hexaneTakashi Katayama and Tomoshige NittaCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1976, 21, 2, 194–196Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60069a018https://doi.org/10.1021/je60069a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3431Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rainbow Beads: A Color Coding Method to Facilitate High-Throughput Screening and Optimization of One-Bead One-Compound Combinatorial Libraries (2008)

We have developed a new color-encoding method that facilitates high-throughput screening of one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial libraries. Polymer beads displaying chemical compounds or families of compounds are stained with oil-based organic dyes that are used as coding tags. The color dyes do not affect cell binding to the compounds displayed on the surface of the beads. We have applied such rainbow beads in a multiplex manner to discover and profile ligands against cell surface receptors. In the first application, a series of OBOC libraries with different scaffolds or motifs are each color-coded; small samples of each library are then combined and screened concurrently against live cells for cell attachment. Preferred libraries can be rapidly identified and selected for subsequent large-scale screenings for cell surface binding ligands. In a second application, beads with a series of peptide analogues (e.g., alanine scan) are color-coded, combined, and tested for binding against a specific cell line in a single-tissue culture well; the critical residues required for binding can be easily determined. In a third application, ligands reacting against a series of integrins are color-coded and used as a readily applied research tool to determine the integrin profile of any cell type. One major advantage of this straightforward and yet powerful method is that only an ordinary inverted microscope is needed for the analysis, instead of sophisticated (and expensive) fluorescent microscopes or flow cytometers.
Some aspects of the ultrastructure of Gotocotyla secunda and Hexostoma euthynni. (1980)

The ultrastructure of the spermatozoon, the protonephridia, the intestine and the tegument of Gotocotyla secunda (Monogenea, Gotocotylidae) and of the intestine of Hexostoma euthynni (Monogenea, Hexostomatidae) is described. The "connecting cells" in the intestine of at least some Monogenea show secretory activity and are possibly involved in extracellular digestion. Sloughing of whole haematin cells appears to be common and may be an important component in the digestive process. Flame cells appear to be a very conservative element and their more or less identical structure in all major groups of parasitic platyhelminths indicates that parasitic platyhelminths have originated from one or a few closely related groups of freeliving Turbellaria with the same type of flame cell.