gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies directed toward the synthesis of prostaglandins. Useful boron-mediated olefin syntheses (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies directed toward the synthesis of prostaglandins. Useful boron-mediated olefin synthesesDavid A. Evans, Thomas C. Crawford, Richard C. Thomas, and Jerry A. WalkerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 25, 3947–3953Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00887a003Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1277Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (932 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION OF PROGESTERONEON CARRAGEENIN-INDUCED INFLAMMATION IN RATS (1979)

Effect of progesterone (1 mg/kg) on the inflammation in rats induced by carrageenin was studied. Progesterone inhibited the vascular permeability and the formation of granulation tissue in the early phase of the inflammation. In the chronic proliferative phase, progesterone suppressed the vascular permeability and there was an active resorption of the granulation tissue. Increased degradation of noncollagen protein was observed in the treated group without apparent influence on the metabolism of collagen or on the synthesis of noncollagen protein. The mode of action of progesterone was compared with that of a potent anti-inflammatory steroid, hydrocortisone acetate.
Visible-Light Electroluminescent Diodes Utilizing Poly(3-alkylthiophene) (1991)

A visible-light electroluminescent diode utilizing poly(3-alkylthiophene) has been demonstrated for the first time. The light emission intensity increases superlinearly with increasing injected current. Remarkable enhancement of electroluminescence intensity is obtained for a poly(3-alkylthiophene) diode with longer alkyl side chain length.
Electrochemical degradation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater (2015)

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) represent hazardous pollutants and are frequently detected in the environment, e.g. in contaminated groundwater. PFASs are persistent to biodegradation and conventional oxidation processes such as ozonation. In this study electrochemical degradation of PFASs on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes is demonstrated. Experiments were performed with model solutions and contaminated groundwater with a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of 13 mg/L. The perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) perfluorobutanoate, perfluoropentanoate, perfluorohexanoate, perfluoroheptanoate and perfluorooctanoate, and the perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) perfluorobutane sulfonate, perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate were detected in the groundwater samples. At PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 34 mg/L (0.7 to 79 μM), the degradation of PFASs was achieved despite of the high DOC background. Pseudo first-order kinetic constants of PFSA degradation increased with the increase of carbon chain length. Fluoride formation as well as the generation of PFCAs with shortened chain lengths was observed. Inorganic byproducts such as perchlorate were also formed and have to be considered in further process optimization.
Geosphere (2014)

This paper presents the design and implementation of Geosphere, a physical- and link-layer design for access point-based MIMO wireless networks that consistently improves network throughput. To send multiple streams of data in a MIMO system, prior designs rely on a technique called zero-forcing, a way of "nulling" the interference between data streams by mathematically inverting the wireless channel matrix. In general, zero-forcing is highly effective, significantly improving throughput. But in certain physical situations, the MIMO channel matrix can become "poorly conditioned," harming performance. With these situations in mind, Geosphere uses sphere decoding, a more computationally demanding technique that can achieve higher throughput in such channels. To overcome the sphere decoder's computational complexity when sending dense wireless constellations at a high rate, Geosphere introduces search and pruning techniques that incorporate novel geometric reasoning about the wireless constellation. These techniques reduce computational complexity of 256-QAM systems by almost one order of magnitude, bringing computational demands in line with current 16- and 64-QAM systems already realized in ASIC. Geosphere thus makes the sphere decoder practical for the first time in a 4 × 4 MIMO, 256-QAM system. Results from our WARP testbed show that Geosphere achieves throughput gains over multi-user MIMO of 2× in 4 × 4 systems and 47% in 2 × 2 MIMO systems.
Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α in a 2‐Way Relationship (2003)

It is generally accepted that obesity is associated with many other multiple-risk factor syndromes such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontal disease. The number of obese people is increasing rapidly in both western and eastern countries. Adipocytes in the adipose tissues of obese people produce large quantities of biologically active molecules such as leptin, an important molecule regulating energy expenditure and body weight. Therefore, adipocyte-derived active molecules, named adipocytokines, are candidate molecules accounting for the close association between obesity and other multiple-risk factor syndromes. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is produced by adipocytes, and its blood concentration is elevated in obese patients and declines with weight loss. Studies have demonstrated that TNF-alpha suppresses insulin action via its specific receptor; hence, it exacerbates insulin resistance. In addition to adipocytes, monocytes/macrophages produce large quantities of TNF-alpha. Thus, TNF-alpha, produced from monocytic cells due to inflammatory diseases, may have an additive influence on insulin sensitivity to adipocyte-derived TNF-alpha. Here, we hypothesized that 1) TNF-alpha produced by the adipose tissues of obese patients acts as a risk factor for periodontal inflammation, and 2) TNF-alpha produced due to periodontal inflammation may be an additional important factor influencing insulin sensitivity in both obese and type 2 diabetic patients. We believe that this interaction is a possible mechanism accounting for a 2-way relationship between type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease.
From contours to surfaces: testbed and initial results (1986)

This paper is concerned with the problem of reconstructing the surface of three-dimensional objects, given a collection of planar contours representing cross-sections through the objects. This is an important problem, with applications in clinical medicine, bio-medical research and instruction, and industrial inspection. Current solutions to this problem have raised interesting theoretical questions about search techniques and the exploitation of domain-specific aspects of such search problems. In this paper, we survey known reconstruction techniques, describe a testbed for evaluating these techniques and present an improvement on the simple divide-and-conquer method analyzed by Fuchs, Kedem and Uselton [5].
Characterization and Failure Analysis of 3D Integrated Semiconductor Devices—Novel Tools for Fault Isolation, Target Preparation and High Resolution Material Analysis (2010)

Abstract In this paper we will introduce novel methodical approaches for material and failure analysis of 3D integrated devices. The potential and advantages of the new concepts and tools will be demonstrated for flip-chip-like interconnects but in addition, for the first time, for Through Silicon Vias (TSV). The employed techniques combine non-destructive fault localization with efficient and accurate target preparation to get access for following microstructure diagnostics, forming a subsequent failure analysis workflow. The concept presented here involves the application of improved Lock-In Thermography (LIT), and three different innovative concepts of high rate Focused Ion Beam (FIB) techniques.
A 300-mV 220-nW Event-Driven ADC With Real-Time QRS Detection for Wearable ECG Sensors (2014)

This paper presents an ultra-low-power event-driven analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with real-time QRS detection for wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors in wireless body sensor network (WBSN) applications. Two QRS detection algorithms, pulse-triggered (PUT) and time-assisted PUT (t-PUT), are proposed based on the level-crossing events generated from the ADC. The PUT detector achieves 97.63% sensitivity and 97.33% positive prediction in simulation on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The t-PUT improves the sensitivity and positive prediction to 97.76% and 98.59% respectively. Fabricated in 0.13 μm CMOS technology, the ADC with QRS detector consumes only 220 nW measured under 300 mV power supply, making it the first nanoWatt compact analog-to-information (A2I) converter with embedded QRS detector.
Integrated photonic quantum circuits for polarization qubits (2012)

Quantum information is a research field with origins in the late 1980s and early 1990s, resulting from the merging of classical information and quantum physics. The main goal of this discipline is to understand the quantum nature of information and learn how to formulate, manipulate, and process it by using physical systems that operate on quantum mechanical principles. The development of such technologies will open up completely new schemes of information transfer and processing, enable new forms of communication, and in general enhance the power of computers.
The Association of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases with Autoimmune Disorders: A Report from the epi-IIRN (2018)

IBD is associated with all autoimmune diseases explored here except for thyroiditis. Anti-TNF users have a higher prevalence of psoriasis, and lower prevalence of Sjögren and coeliac disease.
Obtaining transmitter side channel state information in MIMO FDD systems (2009)

Channel state information (CSI) in systems with multiple antennas at both sides of the transmission link (multiple input multiple output, MIMO) is beneficial for many transmission schemes. However, a transceiver station can only estimate the channel transfer functions (CTFs) of the channels over which the received signals propagate which are different from the channels over which the transmitted signals will propagate in FDD systems. This paper shows a technique to obtain the CSI of the channels over which the transmitted signal will propagate based on the CSI of the channels over which the received signals propagate. By means of estimating the directions of arrival (DOAs) and times of arrival (TOAs), the shift of the previously estimated CSI to the CSI which cannot be estimated based on training signals can be calculated. The quality of the proposed algorithm depends on the quality of the parameter estimation. In scenarios with many scatterers the estimation of the DOAs and TOAs may not be precise enough or there may be paths with similar parameters which cannot be resolved. Thus, the proposed algorithm performs better in non-rich scattering environments.
DNA methylation of retrotransposon genes is regulated by Piwi family members MILI and MIWI2 in murine fetal testes (2008)

Silencing of transposable elements occurs during fetal gametogenesis in males via de novo DNA methylation of their regulatory regions. The loss of MILI (miwi-like) and MIWI2 (mouse piwi 2), two mouse homologs of Drosophila Piwi, activates retrotransposon gene expression by impairing DNA methylation in the regulatory regions of the retrotransposons. However, as it is unclear whether the defective DNA methylation in the mutants is due to the impairment of de novo DNA methylation, we analyze DNA methylation and Piwi-interacting small RNA (piRNA) expression in wild-type, MILI-null, and MIWI2-null male fetal germ cells. We reveal that defective DNA methylation of the regulatory regions of the Line-1 (long interspersed nuclear elements) and IAP (intracisternal A particle) retrotransposons in the MILI-null and MIWI2-null male germ cells takes place at the level of de novo methylation. Comprehensive analysis shows that the piRNAs of fetal germ cells are distinct from those previously identified in neonatal and adult germ cells. The expression of piRNAs is reduced under MILI- and MIWI2-null conditions in fetal germ cells, although the extent of the reduction differs significantly between the two mutants. Our data strongly suggest that MILI and MIWI2 play essential roles in establishing de novo DNA methylation of retrotransposons in fetal male germ cells.
Radiation hardness of wide-gap semiconductors (using the example of silicon carbide) (2002)

Results obtained in studying the effect of ionizing radiation on epitaxial layers and devices based on silicon carbide (SiC) are considered. It is shown that, in investigations of wide-gap semiconductors (WGS), account should be taken of how the rate of removal of mobile charge carriers—the standard parameter in determining the radiation hardness of a material—depends on temperature. The use of data obtained only at room temperature may lead to an incorrect assessment of the radiation hardness of WGS. A conclusion is made that the WGS properties combine, on the one hand, high radiation hardness of high-temperature devices based on these semiconductors and, on the other, the possibility of effective radiation-induced doping (e.g., for obtaining semi-insulating local regions in a material at room temperature).
Epinephrine: systemic effects and varying concentrations in local anesthesia. (1987)

The range of vasoconstrictors available for use with local anesthetics in dentistry has been reviewed with emphasis on epinephrine and its physiological effects. All of the vasoconstrictors reviewed provide satisfactory results in dental anesthetic solutions when administered in appropriate concentrations and volumes. Possible drug interactions of concern to dentists include the use of vasoconstrictors with inhalational anesthetics, tricyclic antidepressants, beta blockers and, possibly, phenothiazines. Data reviewed indicates that the amounts of epinephrine used in dentistry can result in significant elevations in circulating levels of ephinephrine and concomitant physiologic changes. Evidence reviewed suggests that 1:200,000 epinephrine concentration results in optional duration and depth of local anesthesia. With the potential for adverse effects from epinephrine concentrations that are needlessly increased, it appears that in most clinical situations a 1:200,000 concentration of epinephrine can be used in an efficacious manner.
PROINSULIN: CRYSTALLIZATION AND PRELIMINARY X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES (1970)

Bovine proinsulin has been crystallized under a variety of conditions at both neutral and acid pH. Microtechniques were employed with sample weights of about 200 mug and volumes of 5-20 mul. The crystalline preparations all differ from each other morphologically.X-ray photographs of one form, tetragonal bipyramids grown at pH 3 with added ammonium sulphate solution, established the space group P4(1)2(1)2 (or its enantiomorph P4(3)2(1)2). The cell dimensions are a = 50.8 +/- 0.2 A, c = 148.0 +/- 0.4 A. The asymmetric unit in this form is a dimer of proinsulin which is also the dominant species in solution at this pH.
Polyphenylene Oxides - the Oxidative Coupling Polymerization of 2,6 Dimethylphenol With CuCl2 — Amine Complex (1973)

The preparation of polyphenylene oxides by the oxidative coupling polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol with CuCl 2 -amine complexes has been described. The reaction mechanism was studied by means of ESR and NMR spectroscopy and conductivity measurements. It was established that the CuCl 2 -amine complex exhibited high selectivity in the formation of polyphenylene oxides via a cationic mechanism.
A High Molar Extinction Coefficient Bisterpyridyl Homoleptic Ru(II) Complex with trans-2-Methyl-2-butenoic Acid Functionality: Potential Dye for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

In our continued efforts in the synthesis of ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes as potential dyes for use in varied applications, such as the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), this work particularly describes the synthesis, absorption spectrum, redox behavior and luminescence properties of a new homoleptic ruthenium(II) complex bearing a simple trans-2-methyl-2-butenoic acid functionality as the anchoring ligand on terpyridine moiety. The functionalized terpyridine ligand: 4'-(trans-2-methyl-2-butenoic acid)-terpyridyl (L1) was synthesized by aryl bromide substitution on terpyridine in a basic reaction condition under palladium carbide catalysis. In particular, the photophysical and redox properties of the complex formulated as: bis-4'-(trans-2-methyl-2-butenoic acid)-terpyridyl ruthenium(II) bis-hexafluorophosphate [Ru(L1)(2)(PF(6))(2)] are significantly better compared to those of [Ru(tpy)(2)](2+) and compare well with those of the best emitters of Ru(II) polypyridine family containing tridentate ligands. Reasons for the improved photophysical and redox properties of the complex may be attributed partly to the presence of a substituted α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid moiety leading to increase in the length of π-conjugation bond thereby enhancing the MLCT-MC (Metal-to-ligand-charge transfer-metal centred) energy gap, and to the reduced difference between the minima of the excited and ground states potential energy surfaces.
Purification to homogeneity and properties of two D-alanine carboxypeptidases I From Escherichia coli. (1976)

Three homogeneous preparations of D-alanine carboxypeptidases I have been obtained from Escherichia coli strain H2143, termed enzymes IA, IB, and IC. Enzyme IA purified from the membrane after extraction with Triton X-100 appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis to be a polypeptide doublet whose monomer molecular weights were about 32,000 and 34,000. In addition to D-alanine carboxypeptidase activity, it catalyzed a transpeptidase reaction with several substrates, bound [14C]penicillin G, had a weak penicillinase activity, but was devoid of endopeptidase activity. Enzyme IB obtained from the membrane after LiCl extraction and enzyme IC obtained from the supernatant solution were either identical or extremely similar. They were composed of a single polypeptide whose monomer molecular weight was about 41,000. In addition to carboxypeptidase activity, they catalyzed an endopeptidase reaction, had weak penicillinase activity, and had very poor transpeptidase activity, but did not bind [14C]penicillin G. Some data relating to the mechanism of catalysis by these enzymes are described. Their possible physiological role is discussed.
High-performance InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs and MESFETs (1988)

The fabrication and microwave performance of heterostructure InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs (high-electron-mobility transistors) and MESFETs are described. Maximum stable gains of 14.3 dB for a HEMT and 12 dB for a MESFET at 26.5 GHz have been achieved. These are believed to be record gains for FETs having gates as long as 0.7 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Young Merlin: an embodied conversational agent in virtual reality (2016)

This paper describes a system for embodied conversational agents developed by Inmerssion and one of the applications—Young Merlin: Trial by Fire —built with this system. In the Merlin application, the ECA and a human interact with speech in virtual reality. The goal of this application is to provide engaging VR experiences that build rapport through storytelling and verbal interactions. The agent is fully automated, and his attitude towards the user changes over time depending on the interaction. The conversational system was built through a declarative approach that supports animations, markup language, and gesture recognition. Future versions of Merlin will implement multi-character dialogs, additional actions, and extended interaction time.
Statistical methods for the assessment of prognostic biomarkers(part II): calibration and re-classification (2010)

Calibration is the ability of a prognostic model to correctly estimate the probability of a given event across the whole range of prognostic estimates (for example, 30% probability of death, 40% probability of myocardial infarction, etc.). The key difference between calibration and discrimination is that the latter reflects the ability of a given prognostic biomarker to distinguish a status (died/survived, event/non-event), while calibration measures how much the prognostic estimation of a predictive model matches the real outcome probability (that is, the observed proportion of the event). Re-classification is another measure of prognostic accuracy and it reflects how much a new prognostic biomarker increases the proportion of individuals correctly re-classified as having or not having a given event compared to a previous classification based on an existing prognostic biomarker or predictive model.
Determination of Iodothyronine Absorption and Conversion of L-Thyroxine (T4) to L-Triiodothyronine (T3) using Turnover Rate Techniques (1973)

The absorption of L-thyroxine (T(4)) and L-triiodothyronine (T(3)) and the fractional rate of conversion of T(4) to T(3) were determined from the turnover rates of T(4) and T(3) in seven patients without endogenous thyroid function during separate treatment periods with these iodothyronines. Serum T(3) concentration was measured by a radioimmunoassay procedure in which the iodothyronines are separated from the plasma proteins before incubation with anti-T(3) antibody. Metabolic clearance rates were calculated by an integral (noncompartmental) approach since the use of single compartment kinetics led to a 40% overestimation of the metabolic clearance rate of T(3). Based on the amount of hormone ingested and the observed hormonal turnover rates, the absorption of T(4) and T(3) (iodothyronine turnover/iodothyronine ingested) in man could be estimated. Absorption of T(3) was complete in three subjects but decreased to 43% in a fourth who was suffering from mild congestive heart failure. Mean T(4) absorption was 48.0+/-2.6% (SEM) for seven subjects. The mean fractional rate of T(4) to T(3) conversion determined during T(4) replacement therapy (T(3) turnover/T(4) turnover) was 42.6% (range 30.7-50.8%). Thus, approximately one-half of the T(4) which was deiodinated was converted to T(3) suggesting that monodeiodination is an obligatory step in the peripheral metabolism of T(4). Calculations based on these results together with other available data suggest that under normal physiologic circumstances the major portion of the T(3) pool is derived from monodeiodination of T(4).