gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Ig <i>kappa</i> -chain enhancer by the adenovirus E1A gene products. Repression in lymphoid cells, activation in fibroblasts. (1988)

Proteins encoded by early region 1A (E1A) regulate transcription of viral and cellular genes. The mechanism of this trans-activation is not understood, but is of considerable interest as an example of transcription regulation through a cellular intermediate. We have therefore studied the effect of E1A products on the activity of the kappa L chain gene promoter and enhancer. By using transient and stable transfections into lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, we found that the E1A proteins have a pleiotropic effect on the regulation of the mouse kappa-chain gene enhancer. In lymphoid cells the E1A products repress kappa-chain enhancer, whereas in fibroblasts, the kappa-chain enhancer is activated by the E1A products whether the E1A gene is in an extrachromosomal location or stably integrated in the genome. Furthermore, a functional kappa-chain promoter, containing the octanucleotide and "TATA" sequences is needed in order to be transcribed in E1A-producing cells. This ability of E1A products to negatively and positively regulate kappa-chain transcription may reflect a more general phenomenon in which a given cellular protein could participate in a variety of different cellular controls.
xin ke cheng jiao yu zai cang zu xue xiao de fa zhan (2011)

本文采取调查法、文献资料法、数理统计法,对甘南藏族自治州的学校体育现状学和在新课程指导下的藏族学生对体育课的认识、和认知程度和各个项目进行分析,找出民族体育怎样才能符合新课程的实施,指出民族学校体育的场地、设施、体育器材有待于进一步加强.学校体育教学大纲内容应根据藏族学生的实际情况有待于增补,依据藏族学生对体育项目的兴趣程度,有待于在教材方面灵活运用.
Cognitive Maps and Internal World Models (1991)

These sixty contributions from researchers in ethology, ecology, cybernetics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and related fields delve into the behaviors and underlying mechanisms that allow animals and, potentially, robots to adapt and survive in uncertain environments. They focus in particular on simulation models in order to help characterize and compare various organizational principles or architectures capable of inducing adaptive behavior in real or artificial animals.Jean-Arcady Meyer is Director of Research at CNRS, Paris. Stewart W. Wilson is a Scientist at The Rowland Institute for Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
NewsQA: A Machine Comprehension Dataset (2017)

We present NewsQA, a challenging machine comprehension dataset of over 100,000 human-generated question-answer pairs. Crowdworkers supply questions and answers based on a set of over 10,000 news articles from CNN, with answers consisting of spans of text in the articles. We collect this dataset through a four-stage process designed to solicit exploratory questions that require reasoning. Analysis confirms that NewsQA demands abilities beyond simple word matching and recognizing textual entailment. We measure human performance on the dataset and compare it to several strong neural models. The performance gap between humans and machines (13.3% F1) indicates that significant progress can be made on NewsQA through future research. The dataset is freely available online.
Smith-Purcell radiation from ultraviolet to infrared using a Si field emitter (2006)

The first, second, third, and fourth harmonics of Smith-Purcell radiation in a broadband ranging from 330 nm in the ultraviolet range to 1350 nm in the near infrared range have been detected using a 416 nm pitch grating. We used a single tip Si field emitter as an electron source and the input power level was low such as beam currents of 20–200 nA and acceleration voltages of 25–34 kV. Emission peaks in the Smith-Purcell radiation blueshift with increasing the acceleration voltage and coincide with the theoretical ones.
Experiments in optimizing FP (1988)

FPOPT, a globally optimizing compiler for FP, was built to study the efficiency of compiling a functional programming language by translating it into an intermediate language and then optimizing that intermediate language. The FPOPT system, the design of the intermediate language and the optimizations performed are described. The relative effectiveness of these optimizations, singly and in combinations, are compared using an instrumented version of FPOPT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression of pERK in the Neurons and Microglia in the Spinal Cord of the Rat with Neuropathic Pain (2005)

Objectives: Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) transduces a broad range of extracellular stimuli into diverse intracellular response by producing changes in transcription and post-transcriptional modification of target proteins. Expression of phospho-ERK (pERK) in neurons of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and superficial dorsal horn can be induced by noxious stimuli on the skin and activation of ERK in spinal neurons may contribute to hyperalgesia. In this study, the author pursued altered expression of pERK in spinal neurons and microglia with time course in the neuropathic pain model of the rat induced by L5-L6 spinal neurotomy. Methods: Rats were divided into sham control and neurotomy groups. In neurotomy group, L5 and L6 spinal nerves were cut 1-2 mm distal to intervertebral foramina and sacrificed at 1day, 1 week and 2 week after surgery. The expression of pERK in dorsal horn and its colocalization with NK1 and OX-42, was studied using single or multiple labeling immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Results: At 1 day after neurotomy, pERK positive cells in ipsilateral dorsal horn were NK1-positive neurons in lamina I and OX-42-positive microglia in lamina I to V. Expression of pERK in NK1-positive neurons were sustained until 2 weeks after neurotomy. The number of pERKand OX2-positive microglia were maximal at 1 day after surgery and decreased thereafter, while immunofluorescent reaction (IR) for OX-2 kept increased until 2 weeks. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is suggested that expression of pERK in microglia play one part of roles in the development of neuropathic pain in early phase, and that activation of pERK in NK1-positive neurons is responsible for sustained hyperalgesia in the neuropathic pain.
<i>Photon Upconversion in Homogeneous Fluorescence‐based Bioanalytical Assays</i> (2008)

Upconverting phosphors (UCPs) are very attractive reporters for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based bioanalytical assays. The large anti‐Stokes shift and capability to convert near‐infrared to visible light via sequential absorption of multiple photons enable complete elimination of autofluorescence, which commonly impairs the performance of fluorescence‐based assays. UCPs are ideal donors for FRET, because their very narrow‐banded emission allows measurement of the sensitized acceptor emission, in principle, without any crosstalk from the donor emission at a wavelength just tens of nanometers from the emission peak of the donor. In addition, acceptor dyes emitting at visible wavelengths are essentially not excited by near‐infrared, which further emphasizes the unique potential of upconversion FRET (UC‐FRET). These characteristics result in favorable assay performance using detection instrumentation based on epifluorometer configuration and laser diode excitation. Although UC‐FRET is a recently emerged technology, it has already been applied in both immunoassays and nucleic acid hybridization assays. The technology is also compatible with optically difficult biological samples, such as whole blood. Significant advances in assay performance are expected using upconverting lanthanide‐doped nanocrystals, which are currently under extensive research. UC‐FRET, similarly to other fluorescence techniques based on resonance energy transfer, is strongly distance dependent and may have limited applicability, for example in sandwich‐type assays for large biomolecules, such as viruses. In this article, we summarize the essentials of UC‐FRET, describe its current applications, and outline the expectations for its future potential.
A new active labeling method for deep learning (2014)

Deep learning has been shown to achieve outstanding performance in a number of challenging real-world applications. However, most of the existing works assume a fixed set of labeled data, which is not necessarily true in real-world applications. Getting labeled data is usually expensive and time consuming. Active labelling in deep learning aims at achieving the best learning result with a limited labeled data set, i.e., choosing the most appropriate unlabeled data to get labeled. This paper presents a new active labeling method, AL-DL, for cost-effective selection of data to be labeled. AL-DL uses one of three metrics for data selection: least confidence, margin sampling, and entropy. The method is applied to deep learning networks based on stacked restricted Boltzmann machines, as well as stacked autoencoders. In experiments on the MNIST benchmark dataset, the method outperforms random labeling consistently by a significant margin.
Direct Estimate of the Mutation Rate and the Distribution of Fitness Effects in the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2001)

Abstract Estimates of the rate and frequency distribution of deleterious effects were obtained for the first time by direct scoring and characterization of individual mutations. This was achieved by applying tetrad analysis to a large number of yeast clones. The genomic rate of spontaneous mutation deleterious to a basic fitness-related trait, that of growth rate, was U = 1.1 × 10−3 per diploid cell division. Extrapolated to the fruit fly and humans, the per generation rate would be 0.074 and 0.92, respectively. This is likely to be an underestimate because single mutations with selection coefficients s &lt; 0.01 could not be detected. The distribution of s ≥ 0.01 was studied both for spontaneous and induced mutations. The latter were induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) or resulted from defective mismatch repair. Lethal changes accounted for ~30–40% of the scored mutations. The mean s of nonlethal mutations was fairly high, but most frequently its value was between 0.01 and 0.05. Although the rate and distribution of very small effects could not be determined, the joint share of such mutations in decreasing average fitness was probably no larger than ~1%.
High Performance Visualization of Time-Varying Volume Data over a Wide-Area Network (2000)

This paper presents an end-to-end, low-cost solution for visualizing time-varying volume data rendered on a parallel computer located at a remote site. Pipelining and careful grouping of processors are used to hide I/O time and to maximize processors utilization. Compression is used to significantly cut down the cost of transferring output images from the parallel computer to a display device through a widearea network. This complete rendering pipeline makes possible highly efficient rendering and remote viewing of high resolution time-varying data sets in the absence of high-speed network and parallel I/O support. To study the performance of this rendering pipeline and to demonstrate high-performance remote visualization, tests were conducted on a PC cluster in Japan as well as an SGI Origin 2000 operated at the NASA Ames Research Center with the display located at UC Davis.
Large Eddy Simulation in Complex Geometric Configurations Using Boundary Body Forces (2000)

Anumericalmethodispresentedthatallowslargeeddysimulation (LES)ofturbulente owsincomplexgeometric cone gurations with moving boundaries and that retains the advantages of solving the Navier ‐Stokes equations on e xed orthogonal grids. The boundary conditions are applied independently of the grid by assigning body forces over surfaces that need not coincide with coordinate lines. The use of orthogonal, nondeforming grids simplie es grid generation, facilitates theimplementation of high-order,nondissipativediscretization schemes, andminimizes the spatial and temporal variations in e lter width that complicate unstructured deforming-grid LES. Dynamic subgrid-scaleturbulence models areparticularly appealing in combination with the body-forceprocedure because the dynamic model accounts automatically for the presence of solid walls without requiring damping functions. The method is validated by simulations of the turbulent e ow in a motored axisymmetric piston ‐cylinder assembly for which detailed experimental measurements are available. Computed mean and rms velocity proe les show very good agreement with measured ensemble averages. Thepresent numerical code runs on small, personal computerlike workstations. For a comparable level of accuracy, computational requirements (memory and CPU time ) are at least a factor of 10 lower compared to published simulations for the same cone guration obtained using an unstructured, boundary-e tted deforming-grid approach.
Multilayered Polypeptide Films: Secondary Structures and Effect of Various Stresses (2003)

Polyelectrolyte multilayers constructed from polypeptides present secondary structures similar to those found in proteins (α-helices and β-sheets). These secondary structures are used as a tool to investigate the buildup and internal stability of multilayer films by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Special attention is focused on the β-sheet contribution to the amide I band. Two main problems are addressed: (i) Does there exist a correlation between the local structure of the polypeptide multilayers and their corresponding polyanion/polycation complexes in solution? (ii) How stable is the local structure of these multilayers toward external stresses such as pH jumps, temperature rise, and changes of the nature of the outer layers of the film? Four different polypeptide multilayers, poly(l-glutamic acid)/poly(l-lysine) (PGA/PLL), poly(l-aspartic acid)/poly(l-lysine), poly(l-glutamic acid)/poly(d-lysine), and poly(l-glutamic acid)/poly(l-ornithine), are studied. It is shown that the film secondary structures always closely resemble those of their corresponding complexes in solution. For example, the absence of β-sheet structures in the films correlates with their absence in solution. This shows the strong similarity between the physical processes leading to the formation of polypeptide complexes in solution and those involved in the multilayer formation. The secondary structures of (PGA/PLL)n films appear very stable against pH jumps for pH values ranging between 4 and 10.5. On the other hand, the sudden contact of a film constructed at pH 7.4 with a solution at pH 1.5 or 13.5 leads to a strong reduction of its β-sheet content together with a partial or total dissolution of the film. The structural response of a (PGA/PLL)n film to a temperature rise up to 89 °C depends on the way in which the temperature increase is performed: a slow temperature increase induces a reversible decrease of the β-sheet content at the expense of the α-helices. On the contrary, when the film is heated rapidly, the β-sheet content increases and a further increase is observed during cooling to room temperature. Finally, the deposition of poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine) (PSS/PAH) bilayers on top of (PLL/PGA)n films leads to the total disappearance of the β-sheets. This seems to be related to the diffusion of PSS chains into the film during the first PSS deposition steps and an exchange of PGA molecules of the film by PSS ones deep in the architecture. Such an exchange process between two polyelectrolytes of different nature inside a multilayer architecture was, to the authors' knowledge, never observed before.
Multifunctional Waveguide Grating Couplers for Integrated Optics (2001)

This thesis describes a novel waveguide component in integrated optics called a multifunctional grating coupler. It couples light in or out of optical waveguides and provides additional optical functions such as beam splitting, arbitrary focusing, polarization sensing, and wavelength separation (wavelength division demultiplexing). The couplers are quasi-periodic grating structures etched into the surface of an optical waveguide and thus they can be conveniently integrated monolithically with other components such as lasers, detectors, or switches. Multifunctional grating couplers might be used in optical fiber communication to couple light into waveguide detectors or to couple light from an in-plane waveguide laser out into air and focus it into optical fibers. The multifunctionality reduces the need for additional optical components, both integrated and external. Therefore, optical systems using the grating couplers are potentially robust, small-size, and simple to align and package. This thesis presents a new design algorithm for multifunctional waveguide grating couplers. A grating for outcoupling is demonstrated for focusing into a three-dimensional image above the waveguide. The emphasis, however, is on incoupling. Different optical functions are demonstrated, as incoupling and focusing into any arbitrary positions within the waveguide. Furthermore, it is shown that different polarization states (TE- and TM-polarization) can be separated in the waveguide (polarization sensor) or combined to obtain polarization insensitive grating couplers. It is also possible to separate different wavelengths incident on the coupler, thus obtaining wavelength division demultiplexing or wavelength encoding. The performance of the grating couplers was evaluated by numerical simulations and tested experimentally in InP-based waveguides for approximately 1550nm wavelength. The results were in good agreement with the simulations.
Telomers from Carbon Monoxide and Olefins (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTelomers from Carbon Monoxide and OlefinsR. E. Foster, A. W. Larchar, R. D. Lipscomb, and B. C. McKusickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 21, 5606–5611Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01602a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01602a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alternative lithography strategies for flexible electronics (2012)

Main aim of the research has been the development of alternative lithography strategies for the fabrication of complex, flexible electronic devices. Flexible bottom-contact, bottom-gate thin-film transistors were solely patterned with UV nanoimprint lithography on poly(ethylene naphthalate) foil. Patterning and process strategies had to be developed for thermal and UV nanoimprint lithography to control the residual layer thickness and its complete removal on the temperature sensitive, mechanically and in-plane instable foils. The foil was temporarily bonded to a supporting carrier (foil-on-carrier) to reduce the bending radius and in-plane waviness of the foil, and to provide a mechanically stable platform for proper processing. Foil-on-carriers were thermally flat imprinted with nanoimprint lithography, or a flat plateau was created on the foil-on-carrier by UV nanoimprint lithography-based step-and-repeat planarization. Thin-film transistors with a channel length from 5 μm down to 250 nm were obtained and characterized. Palladium nanoparticles and self-sintering silver nanoparticles were studied as a solution-based route for fast, low-cost and room temperature patterning of metallic wires in open microchannels on flexible foils. The ease of patterning thin but very conductive silver wires from a long-term stable aqueous solution allows integration in a roll-two-roll line to pattern the metallic contacts of a flexible electronic device. The here studied fabrication methods can be potentially integrated in low-cost, high-throughput roll-to-roll fabrication lines and represent in combination with a self-aligned device layout a strategy for future generations of flexible electronic devices.
A novel proteinase from human pancreas (1984)

A cholesterol-binding protein was previously isolated from human pancreas [Sziegoleit (1982) Biochem. J. 207, 573-582] and shown to consist of a single polypeptide chain with an apparent Mr of 28 000 and an isoelectric point of pH 4.9. In further investigations, a proteolytic activity was observed to be present in preparations of this protein. The enzyme activity was not dissociable from the cholesterol-binding protein. It decreased in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate or urea parallel to degradation of the protein, indicating autodegradation in the presence of these denaturants. Glucagon digestion studies indicated the carbonyl bond of alanine to be a favoured site of the enzymic cleavage. The proteinase was inactive against chromogenic substrates relatively specific for elastase, trypsin and chymotrypsin, but was found to cleave benzyloxycarbonylalanine p-nitrophenyl ester efficiently. The enzyme was inactivated by phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride and was thus classified as a serine proteinase. Autoradiographic studies demonstrated binding to serum alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin in a similar manner to that observed with other pancreatic endo-proteinases. The collective results indicate that the isolated protein, provisionally named 'cholesterol-binding pancreatic proteinase', is a novel proteinase of the human pancreas. Quantitative measurements indicate that it comprises 4-6% of total protein in pancreatic secretions.
The $L_2$-localization of $W(n)$ (1998)

In this paper we analyze the localization of $W(n)$, the fiber of the double suspension map $S^{2n-1}\to \Omega ^{2}S^{2n+1}$, with respect to $E(2)$. If four cells at the bottom of $D_pM^{2np-1}$, the $p$th extended power spectrum of the Moore spectrum, are collapsed to a point, then one obtains a spectrum $C$. Let $QM^{2np-1}\to QC$ be the James-Hopf map followed by the collapse map. Then we show that the secondary suspension map $BW(n)\to QM^{2np-1}$ has a lifting to the fiber of $QM^{2np-1}\to QC$ and this lifting is shown to be a $v_2$-periodic equivalence, hence an $E(2)$-equivalence.