gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacoarteriography in the Evaluation of Impotence (1987)

Progress in diagnosis and therapy of impotence is handicapped by the absence of a validated and objective method for evaluating the vascular system; a gold-standard for vasculogenic impotence is needed. Prior experience has indicated that conventional arteriography in unanesthetized patients is unreliable in evaluation of the penile arterial supply. We have improved our arteriographic methods by the routine application of selective pudendal injections, vasodilation pharmacoangiography with nitroglycerin and papaverine, and direct magnification. Experience in 37 impotent patients demonstrates marked improvement in the quality of visualization of distal vessels, and the frequent presence of functional vasoconstriction of medium and small arteries that can be distinguished from organic disease only with vasodilators. We believe these angiographic methods will improve the criteria against which other diagnostic and therapeutic methods can be objectively assessed.
Implementation of the conjugate gradient algorithm on a vector hypercube multiprocessor (1988)

In this paper, parallel implementation and vectorization of the Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) algorithm for the solution of large sparse linear system of equations, on a vector hypercube multiprocessor (iPSC- VX), is described. Computations in the SCG algorithm consist mainly of matrix operations that can be vectorized and are implemented on the Vector Processor on each node of the hypercube. The implementation described here achieves efficient parallelization by overlapping vectorized computations with inter-node communication. A speed-up of 58 over a µVax II is obtained for large finite element meshes.
Phosphorylation of the DNA-binding domain of nonhistone high-mobility group I protein by cdc2 kinase: reduction of binding affinity. (1991)

Mammalian high-mobility group I nonhistone protein (HMG-I) is a DNA-binding chromatin protein that has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo to be localized to the A + T-rich sequences of DNA. Recently an unusual binding domain peptide, "the A.T-hook" motif, that mediates specific interaction of HMG-I with the minor groove of DNA in vitro has been described. Inspection of the A.T-hook region of the binding domain showed that it matches the consensus sequence for phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase. Here we demonstrate that HMG-I is a substrate for phosphorylation by purified mammalian cdc2 kinase in vitro. The site of phosphorylation by this enzyme is a threonine residue at the amino-terminal end of the principal binding-domain region of the protein. Labeling of mitotically blocked mouse cells with [32P]phosphate demonstrates that this same threonine residue in HMG-I is also preferentially phosphorylated in vivo. Competition binding studies show that cdc2 phosphorylation of a synthetic binding-domain peptide significantly weakens its interaction with A + T-rich DNA in vitro, and a similar weakening of DNA binding has been observed for intact murine HMG-I protein phosphorylated by the kinase in vitro. These findings indicate that cdc2 phosphorylation may significantly alter the DNA-binding properties of the HMG-I proteins. Because many cdc2 substrates are DNA-binding proteins, these results further suggest that alteration of the DNA-binding affinity of a variety of proteins is an important general component of the mechanism by which cdc2 kinase regulates cell cycle progression.
Carrier Control of MoS<sub>2</sub> Nanoflakes by Functional Self-Assembled Monolayers (2013)

Carrier doping of MoS2 nanoflakes was achieved by functional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with different dipole moments. The effect of SAMs on the charge transfer between the substrates and MoS2 nanoflakes was studied by Raman spectroscopy, field-effect transistor (FET) measurements, and Kelvin probe microscope (KFM). Raman data and FET results verified that fluoroalkyltrichlorosilane-SAM with a large positive dipole moment, acting as hole donors, significantly reduced the intrinsic n-doping characteristic of MoS2 nanoflakes, while 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanamine-SAMs, acting as electron donors, enhanced the n-doping characteristic. The additional built-in electric field at the interface between SiO2 substrates and MoS2 nanoflakes induced by SAMs with molecular dipole moments determined the charge transfer process. KFM results clearly demonstrated the charge transfer between MoS2 and SAMs and the obvious interlayer screening effect of the pristine and SAM-modified MoS2 nanoflakes. However, the KFM results were not fully consistent with the Raman and FET results since the externally absorbed water molecules were shown to partially shield the actual surface potential measurement. By eliminating the contribution of the water molecules, the Fermi level of monolayer MoS2 could be estimated to modulate in a range of more than 0.45-0.47 eV. This work manifests that the work function of MoS2 nanoflakes can be significantly tuned by SAMs by virtue of affecting the electrostatic potential between the substrates and MoS2 nanoflakes.
CD4 <sup>+</sup> Regulatory T Cells Control T <sub>H</sub> 17 Responses in a Stat3-Dependent Manner (2009)

Distinct classes of protective immunity are guided by activation of STAT transcription factor family members in response to environmental cues. CD4+ regulatory T cells (T(regs)) suppress excessive immune responses, and their deficiency results in a lethal, multi-organ autoimmune syndrome characterized by T helper 1 (TH1) and T helper 2 (TH2) CD4+ T cell-dominated lesions. Here we show that pathogenic TH17 responses in mice are also restrained by T(regs). This suppression was lost upon T(reg)-specific ablation of Stat3, a transcription factor critical for TH17 differentiation, and resulted in the development of a fatal intestinal inflammation. These findings suggest that T(regs) adapt to their environment by engaging distinct effector response-specific suppression modalities upon activation of STAT proteins that direct the corresponding class of the immune response.
Power measurement of noise-initiated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers for sensing applications (1998)

We discuss the measurement of noise-initiated Brillouin scattered power in optical fibers and its application to distributed sensing systems. In particular, we consider the use of Brillouin scattering in the nonlinear regime, demonstrating a novel processing technique that compensates for the nonlinear growth of the scattered signals. The signal-to-noise ratio performance of this technique is evaluated, highlighting the importance of the noise contributed by the random statistics of the scattered field and yielding the conditions for optimum system operation.
Look, Evolve and Mold: Learning 3D Shape Manifold via Single-view Synthetic Data (2021)

With daily observation and prior knowledge, it is easy for us human to infer the stereo structure via a single view. However, to equip the deep models with such ability usually requires abundant supervision. It is promising that without the elaborated 3D annotation, we can simply profit from the synthetic data, where pairwise ground-truth is easy to access. Nevertheless, the domain gap is not neglectable considering the variant texture, shape and context. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a domain-adaptive network for single-view 3D reconstruction, dubbed LEM, to generalize towards the natural scenario by fulfilling several aspects: (1) Look: incorporating spatial structure from the single view to enhance the representation; (2) Evolve: leveraging the semantic information with unsupervised contrastive mapping recurring to the shape priors; (3) Mold: transforming into the desired stereo manifold with discernment and semantic knowledge. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, LEM, in learning the 3D shape manifold from the synthetic data via a single-view.
Etching rate characterization of SiO2 and Si using ion energy flux and atomic fluorine density in a CF4/O2/Ar electron cyclotron resonance plasma (1993)

SiO2 and Si etching in a CF4/O2/Ar plasma has been carried out in an electron cyclotron resonance etcher over a wide range of conditions. The etch rate has been compared with the ion energy flux to the wafer surface, JiEi, and the atomic fluorine density in the gas phase, nF. It is found that the etch rate can be divided into two regimes by a critical value of nF/(JiEi), the ratio of the atomic fluorine density to the ion energy flux. The critical value can be determined from a contour plot of the etch rate as a function of the ion energy flux and the atomic fluorine density. The critical value of nF/(JiEi) for Si is higher than that for SiO2. For nF/(JiEi) higher than the critical value, the SiO2 etch rate linearly increases with the ion energy flux, and the Si etch rate shows a nonlinear increase with the ion energy flux. For nF/(JiEi) lower than the critical value, both SiO2 and Si etch rates linearly increase with the atomic fluorine density.
IN <i>VITRO</i> CULTURE OF MUSCLE TISSUE FROM NORMAL, HETEROZYGOUS, AND DYSTROPHIC CHICKS (1964)

The degree of histological deterioration of the original explant and the extent of cell spreading was evaluated in cultures of pectoralis muscle from 11-day chicks. Although the frequencies of these two parameters varied with the amounts of horse serum and embryo extract added to the medium, cultures from dystrophic chicks, in comparison to those from either normal or heterozygous animals, consistently showed the largest number of explants with the most extreme forms of histological deterioration and cell spreading. At 20 per cent horse serum the cultures from heterozygous chicks showed greater frequencies of the more extensive forms of deterioration and spreading than the normal muscle explants, but at 5 per cent horse serum these two groups appeared similar. Regardless of genetic background, cultures of the pectoralis muscle from 18-day embryos and of the latissimus dorsi muscle from 11-day chicks exhibited comparable high frequencies for the maximal degrees of deterioration and spreading.
Spatial characteristics of the MIMO wireless channel: experimental data acquisition and analysis (2002)

Detailed performance assessment of space-time coding algorithms in realistic channels is critically dependent upon accurate knowledge of the wireless channel spatial characteristics. This paper presents an experimental measurement platform capable of providing the channel transfer matrix for indoor and outdoor wireless communications scenarios. The system allows direct measurement of key multiple input multiple output parameters for 16 transmit and 16 receive antennas. The basic hardware blocks are outlined, and the data post-processing algorithms are presented. Representative data showing, channel capacity and spatial correlation for several indoor sites are provided.
SOME PROBLEMS AND BENEFITS FROM THE HYDROGEN FUELED SPARK IGNITION ENGINE (1978)

Induction ignition or back-flashing associated with H2 engines is shown to be caused by deposit ignition or residual gas ignition. Results from single cylinder engine tests show that operation free of induction ignition is possible at all mixtures and compression ratios up to knock and beyond. Test with a typical automotive engine gave thermal efficiencies on average nearly twice that for gasoline. Specific NOx emissions were always less than with gasoline (1/200 to 1/3), but the maximum torque range could not be explored because pyrolised carbon from the lubricant caused induction ignition which could not be eliminated.
Silica coated fullerenols: seeded growth of silica spheres under acidic conditions (2003)

Liquid phase deposition of silica in the presence of fullerenol C60(OH)n, results in the formation of uniform silica spheres, whereas the use of C60 gives large non-uniform agglomerates as a result of homogeneous nucleation. Raman and UV spectroscopy indicate the C60 is retained as the core of the silica spheres.
Process Semantic-Enabled Customisation for Active Service Provisioning (2010)

Service oriented architecture (SOA) promotes highly standardized, loosely coupled and Web-enabled services to foster rapid, low-cost and easy composition of distribute applications. Critical to SOA software development is to acquire users' requirements and to provide service analysis and design techniques for identifying, conceptualizing, profiling, and rationalising service-enable applications. Semantic-enabled requirements engineering (SRE) for developing service-oriented applications helps to transform disordered users' needs into ordered requirement specifications. It facilitates requirements acquisition with multiple stakeholders' participation. It further enhances semantic-conducted services aggregation and eventually provides customized service productions according to process semantics of requirements. This paper concentrates on user-centric service customization with a paradigm shift from classical provider-centric service provision to user-centric active service production. Subscription and pushing technology of ATOM/RSS is adopted to actively push users' needs to service providers. Semantic description of service requirements is proposed, and characterizes in identifying process (workflow) and service. A customized service production platform is designed to demonstrate its practicability and effectiveness.
Parametric reshaping of human bodies in images (2010)

We present an easy-to-use image retouching technique for realistic reshaping of human bodies in a single image. A model-based approach is taken by integrating a 3D whole-body morphable model into the reshaping process to achieve globally consistent editing effects. A novel body-aware image warping approach is introduced to reliably transfer the reshaping effects from the model to the image, even under moderate fitting errors. Thanks to the parametric nature of the model, our technique parameterizes the degree of reshaping by a small set of semantic attributes, such as weight and height. It allows easy creation of desired reshaping effects by changing the full-body attributes, while producing visually pleasing results even for loosely-dressed humans in casual photographs with a variety of poses and shapes.
A Detection and Mitigation System for Unintended Acceleration: An Integrated Hybrid Data-driven and Model-based Approach (2016)

This study presents an integrated hybrid data-driven and model-based approach to detecting abnormal driving conditions. Vehicle data (e.g., velocity and gas pedal position) and traffic data (e.g., positions and velocities of cars nearby) are proposed for use in the detection process. In this study, the abnormal driving condition mainly refers to unintended acceleration (UA), which is the unintended, unexpected, uncontrolled acceleration of a vehicle. It is often accompanied by an apparent loss of braking effectiveness. UA has become one of the most complained-about vehicle problems in recent history. \n\nThe data-driven algorithm aims to use historical data to develop a model that describes the boundary between normal and abnormal vehicle behavior in the vehicle data space. At first, several detection models were created by analyzing historical vehicle data at specific moments such as acceleration peaks and gear shifting. After that, these models were incorporated into a detection system. The system decided if a UA event had occurred by sending real-time vehicle data to the models and comprehensively analyzing their diagnostic results. Besides the data-driven algorithm, a driver model-based approach is proposed. An adaptive and rational driver model based on game theory was developed for a human driver. It was combined with a vehicle model to predict future vehicle behavior. The differences between real driving behavior and predicted driving behavior were recorded and analyzed by the detection system. An unusually large difference indicated a high probability of an abnormal event. \n\nBoth the data-driven approach and the model-based approach were tested in the Simulink/dSPACE environment. It allowed a human driver to use analog steering wheels and pedals to control a virtual vehicle in real time and made tests more realistic. Vehicle models and traffic models were created in dSPACE to study the influences of UA and ineffective brakes in various roadway driving situations. Test results show that the integrated system was capable of detecting UA in one second with high accuracy. Finally, a brake assist system was designed to cooperate with the detection system, which reduced the risk of accidents.
Biosynthesis of Averufin and Sterigmatocystin in Aspergillus parasiticus and A. versicolor: Application of Multiple Labelled Acetate in Polyketide Biosynthesis (1982)

o c y s t i n ( 6 ) and o t h e r r n e t a b ~l i t e s .~) L a t e r , a mutant s t r a i n of -A.p a r a s i t i c u s , whose mother s t r a ~n produced a f l a t o x i n , was found t o accumulate a v e r u f l n ( 3 ) and f o l l o w i n g i n c o r p o r a t i o n study w i t h 14c Chart 1 Biosynthetic scheme of averufln(3).sterigmatocysr1n(6) and aflatoxin B (7)
A Fundamental Study of Char Oxidation Kinetics Using Model Materials (1988)

A fundamental study concerning the reactivity of carbon to oxygen, under conditions pertinent to the combustion of pulverized fuel particles, was conducted. Model, man-made materials have been synthesized and produced to aid in understanding the events that occur during pyrolysis and oxidation of chars. The benefit of employing synthetic materials, along with natural fuels, was that they allowed control of the purity and composition of the chars, as well as enabled production of particles of specific physical properties relevant to modeling combustion processes. Monodisperse, spherical, glassy carbon particles, of various sizes, were manufactured from spraying and thermally treating a carbon-yielding, highly crosslinked polymer. Various pore-forming agents were introduced and copolymerized, aiming to alter the pore structure, density and pore size distribution of the materials. Characterization of the chars, at various stages of pyrolysis and partial oxidation, employed widely varying techniques such as mercury intrusion, gas sorption, helium pycnometry, wide and small-angle scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance. Upon characterization, the influence of the physical factors on the combustion behavior was accounted for and the intrinsic reaction rates of the chars were correlated with their chemical nature. The mechanisms of pore coarsening, opening of pore restrictions and development of a large accessible pore surface area in the interior of the particles, in conjunction to the kinetics of structural ordering and graphitization, have been shown to influence critically the reactivity of chars. furthermore, experiments with calcium treated chars revealed that the catalytic effect of mineral matter on enhancing the combustion rate is very important.
Effect of Xylitol on the Growth and Metabolism of Streptococcus mutans (1975)

Cells of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans (Ingbritt) were maintained and grown in a Trypticase-Phytone-based medium which contained either glucose, xylitol or their combinations as the added carbohydrate. 2.5% xylitol retarded the growth of the cells in the presence of 0.25% glucose, but during 2.5 months adaptive period the cells were able to tolerate the presence of xylitol. However, no evidence was obtained in 10 months of a possible adaptation to metabolize xylitol. Instead, indications of an adaptation to metabolize other compounds (for example, amino acids or peptides) were obtained. Xylitol had no strong effect on the uptake of glucose by the cells which were adapted to tolerate this polyol. 3% xylitol inhibited by 40–50% the activity of dextran-hydrolyzing extracellular enzyme(s) in the growth medium of the above cells in the conditions used. The extracellular polysaccharide-forming activity by the cells was increased 60–80% by low concentrations of xylitol (up to 55 mg/ml growth medium). Higher concentrations were inhibitory.
A rapid and sensitive assay of intercellular coupling by voltage imaging of gap junction networks (2013)

Our methodology allows greater sensitivity (defined as the minimum magnitude of input signal required to produce a specified output signal having a specified signal-to-noise ratio) and better time resolution compared to classical tracer-based techniques. It permitted us to dynamically visualize intercellular connectivity down to the 10th order in non-sensory cell networks of the developing cochlea. We believe that our approach is of general interest and can be seamlessly extended to a variety of biological systems, as well as to other connexin-related disease conditions.
DNA Methyltransferase1 (DNMT1) Isoform3 methylates mitochondrial genome and modulates its biology (2017)

Here we demonstrate localization of the isoform3 of DNA Methyltransferase1 (DNMT1) enzyme to mitochondria, instead of isoform1 as reported earlier. The fused DNMT1-isoform1, reported earlier to localize in mitochondria, surprisingly showed its exclusive presence inside the nucleus after its ectopic expression; and failed to localize in mitochondria. On the other hand, ectopically expressed DNMT1-isoform3 targeted itself to mitochondria and subsequently methylated CpG regions in the mitochondrial genome. In addition, overexpression of DNMT1-isoform3 affected mitochondrial biology and regulated its function. Under different conditions of oxidative and nutritional stress, this isoform was down-regulated, resulting in hypomethylation of mitochondrial genome. Our study reveals how DNMT1-isoform3, instead of isoform1, is responsible for mtDNA methylation, influencing its biology.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hyperbranched Polyethylenes Tethered with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Nanoparticles by Chain Walking Ethylene Copolymerization with Acryloisobutyl-POSS (2007)

Hyperbranched polyethylenes containing covalently tethered polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles were synthesized in this work by chain walking ethylene copolymerization with a POSS macromonomer bearing a polar acrylate group, acryloisobutyl-POSS. The unique hyperbranched chain topology of these polymers was achieved owing to the chain walking mechanism of the Pd−diimine catalyst, [(ArNC(Me)−(Me)CNAr)Pd(CH3)(N⋮CMe)]SbF6 (Ar = 2,6−(iPr)2C6H3). Regardless of its bulky structure and polar nature, the acryloisobutyl-POSS macromonomer was successfully copolymerized to give a range of POSS−ethylene copolymers with the POSS macromonomer content up to 35 wt %. A systematic study of the effects of covalent POSS incorporation on the polymer properties was undertaken using techniques including gel permeation chromatography with on-line viscometry (GPC-VIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and rheometry. It was found from GPC-VIS measurements that the covalent incorporation of the high-mass POSS nanoparticles reduces significantly the intrinsic viscosity of the copolymers compared to homopolyethylenes of the same molecular weight, owing to the highly compact spherical cage structure of the POSS nanoparticles. Thermal studies confirm that the POSS incorporation enhances significantly the thermal oxidative stability of the polymers in air, and the copolymer glass transition temperature increases with POSS macromonomer content. The XRD study showed aggregation of POSS nanoparticles in the copolymers, leading to the formation of crystalline POSS domains. Rheological measurements demonstrate that the covalently tethered POSS nanoparticles greatly reinforce polymer rheological properties. In particular, gel-like rheological behavior was observed in the POSS copolymers. This gelation behavior is attributed to the aggregation/interactions of POSS nanoparticles, which lead to the construction of a physical network system throughout the polymer nanocomposite materials.