gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody during the normal immune response to TNP-ficoll. II. Hapten-reversible inhibition of anti-TNP plaque-forming cells by immune serum as an assay for auto-anti-idiotypic antibody (1979)

Sera taken from AKR/J mice 7 d after the intravenous injection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-lys-Ficoll (TNP-F) caused a specific inhibition of anti- trinitrophenol (TNP) plaque-forming cells (PFC) in vitro. This inhibition was reversed by the incorporation of 10(-8)-10(-7) M 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl- epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid (TNP-EACA) into the agar during the PFC assay. The factor responsible for the hapten-reversible PFC inhibition was removed from serum by passage through an anti-immunoglobulin column or through a 2,4,-dinitrophenyl-human-serum-albumin-bromoacetylcellulose plus anti-TNP- antibody column, but not by DNP-HSA-BAC alone. It was concluded that this immunoglobulin-like substance, lacking anti-TNP activity but reacting with anti-TNP antibody of AKR/J origin, was most likely an auto-anti-idiotypie antibody that had been produced during the normal course of the response of AKR/J mice to TNP-F. Pools of anti-idiotypic-antibody-containing antisera inhibited anti-TNP plaque formation to varying degrees when tested on d-4 PFC from different mice of the same inbred strain, suggesting a variability in idiotype expression. 4 d after transfer of immune (7 d after 10 mug TNP-F, administered intravenously) AKR/J spleen cells plus 10 mug TNP-F into syngeneic mice, the number of PFC detectable in the recipients' spleens could be markedly augmented by the inclusion of TNP-EACA in the agar during the PFC assay. Incubation of spleen cells containing such hapten-augmentable PFC with TNP- EACA yielded a factor in the supernate that caused a specific, in vitro, hapten-reversible inhibition of anti-TNP PFC. Studies with immunoadsorbents indicated that this PFC-inhibiting factor was antigenically immunoglobulin- like, lacked anti-TNP-antibody activity, but reacted with anti-TNP antibody of AKR/J origin. The results are consistent with the view that this PFC inhibitor is auto-anti-idiotypic antibody that is involved in the normal regulation of the immune response. It is proposed that hapten-reversible inhibition of plaque formation can be employed as an assay for anti-idiotypic antibody and the conditions for such an assay are described. It is further proposed that the detection of hapten-augmentable PFC suggests the presence of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody.
Vulnerability of Central Neurons to Secondary Insults after<i>In Vitro</i>Mechanical Stretch (2004)

Mild traumatic brain injuries are of major public health significance. Neurons in such injuries often survive the primary mechanical deformation only to succumb to subsequent insults. To study mechanisms of vulnerability of injured neurons to secondary insults, we used an in vitro model of sublethal mechanical stretch. Stretch enhanced the vulnerability of the neurons to excitotoxic insults, causing nuclear irregularities, DNA fragmentation, and death suggestive of apoptosis. However, the DNA degradation was not attributable to classical (caspase mediated) or caspase-independent apoptosis. Rather, it was associated with profound stretch-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sublethally stretched neurons produced surprisingly high levels of ROS, but these in isolation were insufficient to kill the cells. To be lethal, the ROS also needed to combine with nitric oxide (NO) to form the highly reactive species peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite was not produced after stretch alone and arose only after combining stretch with an insult capable of stimulating NO production, such as NMDA or an NO donor. This explained the exquisite sensitivity of sublethally stretched neurons to a secondary NMDA insult. ROS scavengers and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors prevented cell death and DNA degradation. Moreover, inhibiting neuronal NOS activation by NMDA using peptides that perturb NMDA receptor-postsynaptic density-95 interactions also reduced protein nitration and cell death, indicating that the reactive nitrogen species produced were neuronal in origin. Our data explain the mechanism of enhanced vulnerability of sublethally injured neurons to secondary excitotoxic insults and highlight the importance of secondary mechanisms to the ultimate outcome of neurons in mild neurotrauma.
Selectively Targeting the DNA-binding Domain of the Androgen Receptor as a Prospective Therapy for Prostate Cancer (2014)

The androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor that has a pivotal role in the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer. The AR is activated by androgens that bind to its ligand-binding domain (LBD), causing the transcription factor to enter the nucleus and interact with genes via its conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD). Treatment for prostate cancer involves reducing androgen production or using anti-androgen drugs to block the interaction of hormones with the AR-LBD. Eventually the disease changes into a castration-resistant form of PCa where LBD mutations render anti-androgens ineffective or where constitutively active AR splice variants, lacking the LBD, become overexpressed. Recently, we identified a surfaced exposed pocket on the AR-DBD as an alternative drug-target site for AR inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that small molecules designed to selectively bind the pocket effectively block transcriptional activity of full-length and splice variant AR forms at low to sub-micromolar concentrations. The inhibition is lost when residues involved in drug interactions are mutated. Furthermore, the compounds did not impede nuclear localization of the AR and blocked interactions with chromatin, indicating the interference of DNA binding with the nuclear form of the transcription factor. Finally, we demonstrate the inhibition of gene expression and tumor volume in mouse xenografts. Our results indicate that the AR-DBD has a surface site that can be targeted to inhibit all forms of the AR, including enzalutamide-resistant and constitutively active splice variants and thus may serve as a potential avenue for the treatment of recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer.
Characterization of Aging Effects of LARC-160 (1980)

The quality control of high-performance polymer matrix resins is an area vitally important to the aerospace community. Simple, reliable, and acceptable techniques must be available to assure that resins and prepregs are of consistent quality if the timely introduction of these advanced materials into aircraft and spacecraft structures is to be successful. The present study is an initial characterization of LARC-160 polyimide precursor resin, including resin aging effects, and was made in an effort to establish meaningful quality control procedures for this new and potentially useful aerospace material. The specific objectives of this study were to develop characterization techniques for the resin and to correlate resin changes due to aging with processing and composite properties. Freshly prepared LARC-160 resin and resin aged at room temperature up to 45 days were monitored by high pressure liquid chromatography and several different thermal analyses. Graphite reinforced (Hercules HTS-l) (1) composites made from fresh
Incorporating label dependency for ASR error detection via RNN (2019)

Recent advances in Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have been successfully used in several natural language processing tasks. This paper addresses the problem of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) error detection and proposes a new features-based approach using a variant RNN, where words labels are re-injected as input into the network. Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on ASR error detection by demonstrating the utility of considering label dependency in training RNNs. Experiments are made on automatic transcriptions generated by the 2015 Sheffield ASR system applied on the MGB data. The results have shown that the proposed V-RNN greatly outperforms both unidirectional and bidirectional LSTM-RNNs.
On addressing the practical issues in the extraction of RLGC parameters for lossy multiconductor transmission lines using S-parameter models (2008)

This paper addresses the difficulties involved in extracting efficient and accurate frequency-dependent per-unit-length RLGC parameters for lossy multi-conductor transmission lines using S-parameter models. One major difficulty involved with the conventional equations for the extraction of RLGC parameters is the discontinuity caused by the hyperbolic functions. This limits the extraction technique to specific lengths, frequencies, and number of lines in the model. In this paper, we propose to perform the extraction by using modified equations obtained by combining the transmission matrices of two similar lines with different lengths. Numerical examples demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method.
Design and implementation of agent-based flexible asynchronous messaging system (2002)

Asynchronous messaging systems like e-mail systems need some advanced characteristics, such as intelligence, controllability and scalability, to accomplish more effective and sophisticated message handling. We propose a framework of next generation messaging systems, Flexible Asynchronous Messaging System (FAMES), which consists of autonomous and collaborative software agents. In FAMES, various messaging functions composing of agents can be utilized to integrate heterogeneous user environment. Moreover, FAMES operates message flow in an intelligent manner, considering the receiver's own convenience and that flexible message delivery can be achieved. We designed and implemented the proposed system based on multi agent technology, and we show its effectiveness through experimental studies using a prototype system.
Homologation of olefins with methane on transition metals (1992)

Alkylation of olefins using methane has been realized on transition metal catalysts. The main problem is to get methane dissociatively adsorbed together with an olefin. This is due to the difficult activation of the strong tetrahedral C-H bonds of methane. To react methane with an olefin, a reaction sequence is used consisting of three steps. First methane is dissociatively adsorbed between 600 and 800 K on a reduced transition metal catalyst. After cooling, an olefin is coadsorbed at a temperature between 300 and 400 K. Upon subsequent hydrogenation carbon-carbon bond formation occurs. The mechanism appears to be related to that occurring in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. After hydrogenation the reaction cycle can be repeated. Methane addition to ethene, propene, and acetylene is demonstrated to occur using silica-supported ruthenium and cobalt catalysts. With (CH4)-C-13 it was shown that propane and butane are formed both by self-homologation of ethene and propene, respectively, as well as by methane incorporation. Carbon scrambling according to the metathesis reaction is very slow
Intraarticular volume and clearance in human synovial effusions (1985)

Intraarticular volumes were measured by radiolabeled albumin (RISA) distribution in chronic knee effusions from 11 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 9 osteoarthritis patients. Volumes of synovial fluid obtained at joint aspiration were substantially less than those found by RISA dilution. Up to 24 hours was needed for full distribution of RISA throughout the intraarticular compartment. Measured 123I and RISA radioactivity over the knee described monoexponential rate constants, lambda (minute-1). The clearance of 123I and RISA from synovial effusions was derived by the formulation volume (ml) X lambda (minute-1) = clearance (ml/minute). RISA clearance in rheumatoid effusions was significantly greater than that found in osteoarthritis effusions. Intraarticular volume and isotope clearance were easily quantified and provide measures for further evaluating the microvascular physiology of synovial effusions.
Depression. (1998)

Depression occurs in up to 45% of medically hospitalized older patients. The diagnosis of depression in this population is particularly difficult. Assessing for depression is made easier by the use of scales for screening and is best accomplished using the inclusive approach. These depressions can be divided into two groups: "reactive" depression and major depression. Depression is treatable using a variety of modalities that include psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy.
Self-organization in cathode boundary layer microdischarges (2004)

Direct current glow discharges in xenon between a flat, 100 µm thin cathode and a ring shaped anode, separated by a distance of 250 µm, were found to be stable up to atmospheric pressure. The glow discharge structure in this electrode configuration reduces to only the cathode fall and negative glow, with the negative glow plasma serving to conduct the current radially to the circular anode. Photographs taken in the visible range of the spectrum and at the wavelength of excimer emission for xenon (172 nm) indicate the transition from a homogeneous plasma to a structured plasma when the current is reduced beyond a critical value that is dependent on pressure. The plasma pattern consists of filamentary structures arranged in concentric circles. The structures are most pronounced at pressures below 200 Torr and become less regular when the pressure is increased. The self-organization of such plasmas indicates the existence of two branches of the voltage–current density (V–J) characteristic with positive slope. For conventional glow discharges in the current range of interest (milliampere), the only discharge mode with a positive slope of the V–J characteristic is the abnormal glow mode. At a critical current density, the discharge transfers from the abnormal glow into an arc. However, by cooling the cathode, it seems to be possible to stabilize the discharge, even in the glow-to-arc transition range. This second stable region in the V–J characteristic of such 'cathode boundary layer discharges' would explain the existence of a plasma pattern with two distinct values of current density at the same discharge voltage.
Low-cost, automated inventory control of sharps in operating theaters using passive RFID tag-sensors (2017)

We present the design of a UHF RFID tag-sensor to automate the process of counting sharps used in the operating theater with the end goal of minimizing the chance of accidentally leaving a sharp inside the patient post surgery. We demonstrate how our sensor is capable of differentiating between three popular sharp sizes by correlating sharp size to a change in the signal response of the RFID tag. We demonstrate that our sensor works reliably over a read distance of at least 0.4 m and can be easily integrated into existing sharp disposal containers. Lessons learned and future research directions are also discussed.
Quadrature Subharmonic Coupled Oscillators for a 60GHz SiGe Scalable Phased Array (2006)

This paper describes an integrated coupled oscillator array in SiGe for millimeter wave applications. The design focuses on scalable radio architectures where multiple dies are tiled to form larger arrays. A 2 times 2 oscillator array for a 60GHz transmitter is designed with integrated power amplifiers and antennas. The 2 times 2 array demonstrates a 200MHz locking range and 1 times 4 array formed by two adjacent chips has a 60MHz locking range. The phase noise of the array is below -110dBc/Hz at a 1MHz offset
Overexpression of the regulator of G-protein signalling protein enhances ABA-mediated inhibition of root elongation and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis (2006)

Regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS) proteins identified recently in Arabidopsis have been involved in the regulation of several physiological processes, but largely nothing is known about their roles at both the physiological and the molecular level. In the experiments reported here, the overexpression approach was used to present evidence that RGS1 protein plays critical roles in plant development and in modulating abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress signal transduction. RGS1 affected the shapes of leaves, the development of floral buds, the elongation of stems, siliques, and hypocotyls, and the time of flowering. Post-germination growth was inhibited by 1 microM ABA, and root growth was hypersensitive to ABA for 35S-RGS1 transgenic plants. RGS1 overexpression conferred more drought tolerance to transgenic plants, as compared with the wild type (Columbia). Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) results indicated that RGS1 overexpresssion significantly stimulated the expression of NCED and ABA2, that encode two key enzymes catalysing ABA biosynthesis. Furthermore, the expression of several stress-regulated genes was either up- or down-regulated in RGS1-overexpressing transgenic plants. Combining the results above with previous results, it is suggested that RGS1 exerted its effects on plant responsiveness to ABA and drought tolerance largely through changing the expression either of genes responsible for ABA biosynthesis, which leads to changes in endogenous ABA levels, or of stress-responsive genes.
Overexpression of a Na <sup>+</sup> /H <sup>+</sup> antiporter confers salt tolerance on a freshwater cyanobacterium, making it capable of growth in sea water (2002)

The salt tolerance of a freshwater cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942, transformed with genes involved in the synthesis of a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, betaine, catalase, and a chaperone was examined. Compared with the expression of betaine, catalase, and the chaperone, the expression of the Na(+)/H(+) antiporter gene from a halotolerant cyanobacterium (ApNhaP) drastically improved the salt tolerance of the freshwater cyanobacterium. The Synechococcus cells expressing ApNhaP could grow in BG11 medium containing 0.5 M NaCl as well as in sea water, whereas those expressing betaine, catalase, and the chaperone could not grow under those conditions. The coexpression of ApNhaP with catalase or ApNhaP with catalase and betaine did not further enhance the salt tolerance of Synechococcus cells expressing ApNhaP alone when grown in BG11 medium containing 0.5 M NaCl. Interestingly, the coexpression of ApNhaP with catalase resulted in enhanced salt tolerance of cells grown in sea water. These results demonstrate a key role of sodium ion exclusion by the Na(+)/H(+) antiporter for the salt tolerance of photosynthetic organisms.
A survey of possible passive antenna applications of high-temperature superconductors (1991)

A survey of possible applications of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) to antennas and antenna feed networks is presented. The frequency range considered is 1 MHz for 100 GHz. Three antenna application areas seem appropriate for HTS material: electrically small antennas and their matching networks; feed and matching networks for compact arrays with enhanced directive gain (superdirective arrays); and feed networks for millimeter-wave arrays. Preliminary experimental results are presented on YBaCuO and TlBaCaCuO 500 MHz half-loop antennas that show an increase in radiation efficiency (compared with a copper antenna at the same temperature) by a factor of 5 for the HTS antennas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microplastics in the seas (2014)

Concern is rising about widespread contamination of the marine environment by microplastics.
Novel Europium Complex for Electroluminescent Devices with Sharp Red Emission (1995)

A volatile Eu complex, Eu(TTA) 3 (phen) (TTA=thenoyltrifluoroacetone, phen=1,10-phenanthroline), was synthesized and applied to an electroluminescent (EL) cell structure of [ITO(=indium-tin-oxide)/hole transporting layer/emitting layer (host material=azomethin zinc complex, and dopant= Eu(TTA) 3 (phen))/MgIn]. The emitting layers were formed by a codeposition technique. A red emission (EL peak wavelength 614 nm) with a very sharp spectral band was observed from the EL cell with 5 wt% Eu(TTA) 3 (phen), and a maximum luminance of 137 cd/m 2 was achieved.
Photochemical Green Synthesis of Calcium-Alginate-Stabilized Ag and Au Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Application to 4-Nitrophenol Reduction (2009)

Silver and gold nanoparticles have been grown on calcium alginate gel beads using a green photochemical approach. The gel served as both a reductant and a stabilizer. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses. The particles are spherical, crystalline, and the size ranges for both Ag and Au nanoparticles are <10 nm. It is noticed from the sorption experiment that the loading of gold on calcium alginate beads is much more compared to that of Ag. The effectiveness of the as-prepared dried alginate-stabilized Ag and Au nanoparticles as a solid phase heterogeneous catalyst has been evaluated, for the first time, on the well-known 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of excess borohydride. The reduction was very efficient and followed zero-order kinetics for both Ag and Au nanocomposites. The effects of borohydride, initial 4-NP concentration, and catalyst dose were evaluated. The catalyst efficiency was examined on the basis of turnover frequency (TOF) and recyclability. The catalytic efficiency of alginate-based Ag catalyst was much more compared to that of the Au catalyst. The as-prepared new solid-phase biopolymer-based catalysts are very efficient, stable, easy to prepare, eco-friendly, and cost-effective, and they have the potential for industrial applications.
Physical characteristics and mechanical behaviour of maize stalks for machine development (2019)

In order to optimize the design and working parameters of agricultural machinery related to harvesting, knowledge about the physical properties and mechanical behaviour of harvest-ready maize is required. Previous studies have been conducted on different maize varieties from different parts of the world in different growing seasons. However, these experiments were usually conducted on dried or deep-frozen samples and therefore the condition of these samples was not related to the harvested material. In order to produce more relevant experimental results, a complex measurement method that involves in-situ observations and laboratorial experiments was established after taking into consideration the process of maize harvesting with a combine harvester and a maize header. The measurement method was successfully conducted over a period of days of harvesting in Hungary. With regard to the physical properties of the stalk, the distribution of the internodal diameter and the length, mass and moisture content of the stalk were determined. The mechanical behaviour of the stalk was analysed through transversal compression, three-point bending and dynamic cutting experiments. The results clearly demonstrate that the physical properties (diameter, length and wet-mass ratio, moisture content) and mechanical properties (force response characteristic and required mechanical work) of different parts of the maize stalk vary significantly. Therefore, different parts of the maize stalk require different considerations during machine development.