gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dynamic network scenario emulation tool (2003)

Comparative performance measurements of distributed applications and network protocols require the availability of appropriate network environments. Network emulation approaches offer a flexible way to mimic the properties of a variety of networks. Existing emulation tools work either with centralized real-time simulation components, limiting the scenario size and maximum traffic, or focus on the emulation of some network properties at a single point. We propose a tool for the realistic emulation of network links, and show how several emulated links can be combined to reproduce a comprehensive network model. In addition to that, the model can include changing network properties, e.g. emerging from mobile communication partners. This facilitates the distributed emulation of a comprehensive, dynamic network scenario to support repeatable performance measurements.
Scintigraphy of a neuroblastoma with I-131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine. (1984)

Radioiodinated m-iodobenzylguanidine has been applied mainly for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and blastoma. In this paper we show that an ontogenetically related tumor, the neuroblastoma, is also scintigraphically visualized by its high uptake of I-131 MIBG. Because of the kinetic findings and the high uptake of more than 30% of the injected activity, it is likely that the neuroblastoma, by analogy with pheochromocytoma, is susceptible to specific radionuclide therapy.
Antigen-Independent Induction of Tim-3 Expression on Human T Cells by the Common γ-Chain Cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 Is Associated with Proliferation and Is Dependent on the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway (2012)

T cell Ig mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of a subset of CD8(+) and Th1 CD4(+) T cells. Elevated expression of Tim-3 on virus-specific T cells during chronic viral infections, such as HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus, positively correlates with viral load. Tim-3(+) cytotoxic T cells are dysfunctional and are unable to secrete effector cytokines, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. In this study, we examined potential inducers of Tim-3 on primary human T cells. Direct HIV-1 infection of CD4(+) T cells, or LPS, found to be elevated in HIV-1 infection, did not induce Tim-3 on T cells. Tim-3 was induced by the common γ-chain (γc) cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 but not IL-4, in an Ag-independent manner and was upregulated on primary T cells in response to TCR/CD28 costimulation, as well as γc cytokine stimulation with successive divisions. γc cytokine-induced Tim-3 was found on naive, effector, and memory subsets of T cells. Tim-3(+) primary T cells were more prone to apoptosis, particularly upon treatment with galectin-9, a Tim-3 ligand, after cytokine withdrawal. The upregulation of Tim-3 could be blocked by the addition of a PI3K inhibitor, LY 294002. Thus, Tim-3 can be induced via TCR/CD28 costimulation and/or γc cytokines, likely through the PI3K pathway.
A β-galactosidase probe for the detection of cellular senescence by mass cytometry (2017)

Mass cytometry (MC) is a powerful method that combines the cellular resolution of flow cytometry with the isotopic resolution of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This combination theoretically allows for the simultaneous quantification of >80 different parameters at the single cell level, in turn allowing for the deep profiling of heterogeneous cell populations. The majority of available reagents for MC are antibodies labeled with heavy metal isotopes, allowing for the quantification of static biomarkers. To complement these reagents, we aim to develop small molecule reporters of cellular metabolism that are compatible with MC. Here we report a probe of β-galactosidase activity capable of detecting cellular senescence. The galactoside probe contains a tellurophene reporter group and, when hydrolyzed, generates a quinone alkide. This reactive alkylating agent forms covalent tellurophene bearing conjugates with local nucleophiles, allowing for the quantification of β-galactosidase activity in individual cells. Difluoromethyl and monofluoroethyl quinone alkide generating warheads were examined for their activities and compared in vitro and in vivo. We showed that the difluoromethyl derivative gave higher tellurium labelling in vitro and that the quinone methide was more reactive towards thiols than amines. In vivo the difluoromethyl derivative successfully labeled senescent cells with comparable selectivity to the commonly used fluorescent senescence probe C<sub>12</sub>FDG.
Uniform Discrete Curvelet Transform (2010)

An implementation of the discrete curvelet transform is proposed in this work. The transform is based on and has the same order of complexity as the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The discrete curvelet functions are defined by a parameterized family of smooth windowed functions that satisfies two conditions: i) <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2π</i> periodic; ii) their squares form a partition of unity. The transform is named the uniform discrete curvelet transform (UDCT) because the centers of the curvelet functions at each resolution are positioned on a uniform lattice. The forward and inverse transform form a tight and self-dual frame, in the sense that they are the exact transpose of each other. Generalization to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> dimensional version of the UDCT is also presented. The novel discrete transform has several advantages over existing transforms, such as lower redundancy ratio, hierarchical data structure and ease of implementation.
Stretch-induced Hypertrophic Growth of Cardiocytes and Processing of Brain-type Natriuretic Peptide Are Controlled by Proprotein-processing Endoprotease Furin (1997)

When hypertrophic growth is induced in neonatal rat cardiocytes by stretching, the cardiocytes express high levels of brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the proprotein-processing enzyme furin. A BNP precursor, gammaBNP, possesses a furin-cleavable Arg-X-X-Arg motif, which is cleaved when gammaBNP is processed to form BNP-45. The Arg-X-X-Arg motif is found in many precursors of growth factors and growth-related proteins. To determine if furin converts gammaBNP to BNP-45 as well as other unidentified growth-promoting protein precursors to their active form that may induce hypertrophic growth in cardiocytes, we used two protease inhibitor systems, synthetic peptidyl chloromethyl ketones (CMK) (dec-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-CMK and dec-Phe-Ala-Lys-Arg-CMK; where dec is decanoyl) and vaccinia vector-integrated native and variant alpha1-antitrypsins. The furin-specific inhibitors, dec-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-CMK and variant alpha1-antitrypsin with the inhibitory determinant Arg-X-X-Arg, suppressed the stretch-induced hypertrophic growth of cardiocytes as well as the processing of gammaBNP to BNP-45. The other serine protease inhibitors and variant alpha1-antitrypsin against elastase, or thrombin, however, neither suppressed the hypertrophic growth nor prevented the processing of gammaBNP to BNP-45. Thus, we suggest that furin catalyzes the conversion of gammaBNP to BNP-45 as well as growth-promoting proproteins to their active form, which might induce hypertrophic growth in cardiocytes.
Structural and kinetic comparison of recombinant human single- and two-chain tissue plasminogen activator. (1988)

We examined the similarities and differences in conformation between recombinant human single-chain tissue plasminogen activator (sct-PA) and two-chain tissue plasminogen activator (tct-PA), and compared these structural data with measurement of enzymatic activity. The intrinsic protein fluorescence of native tct-PA was 54% that of sct-PA. Differences in steady state protein fluorescence were also noted with denaturation of these plasminogen activators, as well as in the quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of the reduced, alkylated species by iodide. Using the chromogenic substrate H-D-isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (S-2288), the catalytic efficiency of sct-PA was found to be 26% that of tct-PA, and this was primarily a reflection of the difference in Km. On addition of soluble fibrin monomer prepared with the tetrapeptide glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-proline (GPRP), the catalytic efficiency of both species increased by 13-fold for sct-PA and by 3.5-fold for tct-PA to approximately the same value. Using the fluorophore eosin iodoacetamide covalently coupled to the single free cysteine in the molecule, Cys 83, the microenvironment of the fibrin-binding site located near this residue was studied. On addition of soluble fibrin monomer to eosin-labeled tct-PA, no effect on eosin fluorescence was noted. Eosin-labeled tct-PA had 16% less eosin fluorescence than did sct-PA and on addition of soluble fibrin monomer to eosin-labeled sct-PA, a decrease in eosin fluorescence, approaching that of eosin coupled to tct-PA, was observed. Together, these structural and kinetic data suggest that sct-PA undergoes a conformational change on binding to fibrin monomer that leads to dramatic differences in catalytic efficiency of the single-chain species. In so doing, sct-PA bound to fibrin assumes the kinetic profile of tct-PA bound to fibrin.
Absolute Radiometric Calibration of Landsat Using a Pseudo Invariant Calibration Site (2013)

Pseudo invariant calibration sites (PICS) have been used for on-orbit radiometric trending of optical satellite systems for more than 15 years. This approach to vicarious calibration has demonstrated a high degree of reliability and repeatability at the level of 1-3% depending on the site, spectral channel, and imaging geometries. A variety of sensors have used this approach for trending because it is broadly applicable and easy to implement. Models to describe the surface reflectance properties, as well as the intervening atmosphere have also been developed to improve the precision of the method. However, one limiting factor of using PICS is that an absolute calibration capability has not yet been fully developed. Because of this, PICS are primarily limited to providing only long term trending information for individual sensors or cross-calibration opportunities between two sensors. This paper builds an argument that PICS can be used more extensively for absolute calibration. To illustrate this, a simple empirical model is developed for the well-known Libya 4 PICS based on observations by Terra MODIS and EO-1 Hyperion. The model is validated by comparing model predicted top-of-atmosphere reflectance values to actual measurements made by the Landsat ETM+ sensor reflective bands. Following this, an outline is presented to develop a more comprehensive and accurate PICS absolute calibration model that can be Système international d'unités (SI) traceable. These initial concepts suggest that absolute calibration using PICS is possible on a broad scale and can lead to improved on-orbit calibration capabilities for optical satellite sensors.
Forensics and the GSM mobile telephone system (2003)

The GSM system has become the most popular system for mobile communication in the world. Criminals commonly use GSM phones, and it is therefore a need for forensic investigators to understand which evidence can be obtained from the GSM system. This paper briefly explains the basics of the GSM system. Evidence items that can be obtained from the Equipment, the SIM and the core network are explored. Tools to extract such evidence from the components of the system exist, but there is a need to develop more sound forensic procedures and tools for extracting such evidence. The paper concludes with a short presentation on the future UMTS system, which largely builds on the design of GSM. All these factors make it important for forensic investigators to understand how the GSM system works, and how evidence can be extracted from it. Criminals took the step into the mobile age a long time ago, and information from the mobile system can give the investigator crucial information on the criminal's actions. It is however important that the information contained in the system is retrieved with a forensically sound method. It is equally important that the investigator understands the system in order to be able to explain to the courts how the system works. It is the aim of this paper to give forensic investigators an introduction to the current state of GSM forensics, and highlight some of the issues that will have to be solved in the future. 2.0 History of the GSM system In the beginning of the 1980s several different systems for mobile communications were developed in Europe. The need for a common system that allowed roaming between countries was early recognized. In 1982 a number of European countries created a new standardization organisation called Groupe Speciale Mobile (GSM). The mandate of this group was to develop a standard to be common for the countries that created it. In 1988 the GSM was included in the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI), and the standards developed by GSM thus became standards for all telecommunication administrations in Europe. The main work with the GSM took place from 1988 - 1990 and resulted in 12 series of specifications which in great detail specified the inner workings of GSM. In 1990, when phase 1 of the specifications was finished, there were three dominating automatic systems for mobile communications in the world:
The effect of phonon-grain boundary scattering on the lattice thermal conductivity and thermoelectric conversion efficiency of heavily doped fine-grained, hot-pressed silicon germanium alloy (1981)

The preparation of fine-grained high-density compacts of heavily doped n-type Si63.5Ge36.5 alloy and the measurement of their thermal diffusivity over the temperature range 300 to 1150 K are reported. The compacts investigated possessed grain sizes (L) in the range 10&lt;L&lt;25 μm, 5&lt;L&lt;10 μm, and &lt;5 μm. Within experimental error (&lt;5%) the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity do not change with grain size. The electronic and lattice thermal conductivity are obtained by combining the results with electrical conductivity data, which has been adjusted to take into account precipitation effects that occur during the period of measurement at high temperature. The lattice thermal conductivity decreases with a reduction in grain size. At room temperature the lattice thermal conductivity of the ’’single-crystal’’ starting material is equal to 4.31 W m−1K−1 and falls to 3.10 W m−1K−1 in the compact with a grain size &lt;5 μm, a reduction of ∼28%. The reduction in lattice thermal conductivity is almost 35% at 1000 K. The thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the compact with a grain size &lt;5 μm, when operating between room temperature and 1000 K, is computed to be 17.5% compared to an efficiency of 14.3% for ’’single-crystal’’ material, an improvement of ∼22%. It is concluded that the performance of a thermoelectric generator employing silicon-germanium thermocouples would be significantly improved by the use of fine-grained material.
Direct detection of transient α‐helical states in islet amyloid polypeptide (2006)

The protein islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a glucose metabolism associated hormone cosecreted with insulin by the beta-cells of the pancreas. In humans with type 2 diabetes, IAPP deposits as amyloid fibers. The assembly intermediates of this process are associated with beta-cell death. Here, we examine the rat IAPP sequence variant under physiological solution conditions. Rat IAPP is mechanistically informative for fibrillogenesis, as it samples intermediate-like states but does not progress to form amyloid. A central challenge was the development of a bacterial expression system to generate isotopically labeled IAPP without terminal tags, but which does include a eukaryotic post-translational modification. While optical spectroscopy shows IAPP to be natively unfolded, NMR chemical shifts of backbone and beta-carbon resonances reveal the sampling of alpha-helical states across a continuous stretch comprising approximately 40% of the protein. In addition, the manifestation of nonrandom coil chemical shifts is confirmed by the relative insensitivity of the amide proton chemical shifts to alterations in temperature. Intriguingly, the residues displaying helical propensity are conserved with the human sequence, suggesting a functional role for this conformational bias. The inability of rat IAPP to self assemble can be ascribed, in part, to several slowly exchanging conformations evident as multiple chemical shift assignments in the immediate vicinity of three proline residues residing outside of this helical region.
Molecular basis of the recognition of intravenously transplanted hemopoietic cells by bone marrow. (1988)

Bone marrow transplantation is done by introducing a source of hemopoietic stem cells into general circulation in anticipation of their recognition and selective lodging into the bone marrow. We tested the hypothesis that the molecular basis of this recognition is by means of a lectin-carbohydrate interaction. We synthesized a number of neoglycoproteins by covalently binding pyranose derivatives of various monosaccharides to bovine serum albumin (BSA). These reagents and the galactosyl-terminating glycoprotein asialofetuin were used to inhibit engraftment of intravenously transplanted marrow cells into lethally irradiated mice. In splenectomized mice, in whom engraftment occurs only in the bone marrow, galactosyl-BSA, mannosyl-BSA, and asialofetuin but not fucosyl-BSA inhibited homing of transplanted cells. Both the survival and cellular content of marrow, including hemopoietic stem cells and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, were reduced. In nonsplenectomized mice, in whom engraftment occurs in both spleen and marrow, the reagents did not inhibit splenic homing. Both the survival and cellular content of spleen, including hemopoietic stem cells and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, were similar to those of the control group. But even in this group, marrow homing of transplanted cells was inhibited by these reagents. We conclude that the recognition and homing of intravenously transplanted hemopoietic cells by marrow, but not by spleen, occurs by means of a recognition system with galactosyl and mannosyl specificities.
Abstract 17815: The Effects of Nanoparticle-mediated PPARγ Agonist Delivery on Plaque Stabilization: A Multichannel High-resolution Intravital Imaging Analysis (2015)

Introduction: Plaque inflammation is associated with fibrous cap destabilization and rupture. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the specific delivery of a novel PPARγ agonist, lobeglitazone, to inflamed plaques via nanoparticle (NP) targeting mannose receptors on macrophages could reduce inflammation in atheromata and thus, tested it using serial optical intravital molecular imaging. Methods and Results: A novel near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probe was fabricated by chemically conjugating thiolated glycol chitosan with mannose-PEG, and NIRF dye Cy5.5 (ext/emi 675/694 nm) for imaging. Lobeglitazone was incorporated into NIRF-NP targeting macrophage mannose receptors (MMR). In vitro, MMR-NIRF-NP was selectively uptaken by RAW264.7 cells, and NIRF signals were estimated to be 10-fold over control group (p<0.01). In ELISA and immunoblot analysis, lobeglitazone-incorporated MMR-NIRF-NP significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines. To assess the therapeutic effects in vivo, macrophage activity in the carotid plaques of apoE-/- mice were serially imaged using a customized multichannel intravital fluorescence microscope (IVFM) under mechanical carotid stabilization. After baseline imaging, lobeglitazone-loaded MMR-NIRF-NPs were intravenously injected (7 mg/kg, twice weekly) and plaque NIRF signals were compared with p.o. treated group and controls. Four weeks later, IVFM at the same plaques revealed that macrophage signals much more decreased in lobeglitazone-loaded NP treated mice compared to those at baseline, and controls (P<0.05). FM and immunostainings corroborated the in vivo findings. Conclusions: Lobeglitazone-incorporated MMR-NIRF-NP was able to selectively target and image atheroma macrophages, and effectively reduce plaque inflammation as assessed by intravital optical imaging. NP-mediated lobeglitazone delivery could be a promising therapeutic strategy for high-risk plaque stabilization.
An Improved Inhaled Mucolytic to Treat Airway Muco-obstructive Diseases (2018)

These results suggest that reducing the viscoelasticity of airway mucus is an achievable therapeutic goal with P3001 class mucolytic agents.
Both HPV and carcinogen contribute to the development of resistance to apoptosis during oral carcinogenesis. (2000)

Oral carcinomas frequently contain human papilloma virus (HPV)-16/18. As p53 is degraded through interaction with HPV-16/18 products (E6/E7), p53 dysfunction may contribute to oral carcinogenesis. Furthermore, epidemiological studies suggest that smoking history may be critical for oral carcinogenesis. To delineate the involvement of HPV-16 infection and carcinogen in oral carcinogenesis, Park et al have established a multistep oral carcinogenesis model. Overexpression of p53 altered the expression of Fas antigen (Fas-R), Bax and Bcl-2; however, it remains unclear how the loss of p53 modifies the expression of these molecules. Using the multistep oral carcinogenesis model, we analyzed how the loss of p53 and carcinogen modified the expression of these molecules and their role in the development of resistance to apoptosis of oral carcinomas. The HOK-16B cell line was immortalized by HPV-16 transfection of normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK). HOK-16B-BaP and HOK-16B-BaP-T1 were established from HOK-16B following short-term and long-term stimulation with the chemical carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene, respectively. The malignant phenotype develops in sequence from HOK-16B, HOK-16B-BaP and HOK-16B-BaP-T1. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules was examined by Western blot analysis or by flow cytometry. Fas-mediated cytotoxicity was assessed using CH-11, an agonistic anti-Fas-R IgM monoclonal antibody. The apoptosis-related molecules examined were the Fas-R, Bcl-2, Bax, and Fas-associated phosphatase 1 (FAP-1). Downregulation of Fas-R and upregulation of Bcl-2 in HOK-16B-BaP were observed in HOK-16B-BaP and HOK-16B-BaPT1. Bax was downregulated in HOK-16B, HOK-16B-BaP and HOK-16B-BaP-T1. The expression of FAP-1 was increased with progression towards malignancy. NHOK and HOK-16B were relatively sensitive to CH-11, whereas HOK-BaP and HOK-BaP-T1 were resistant to CH-11. Treatment of HOK-16B-BaP with antisense bcl-2 oligonucleotide rendered the cells more sensitive to CH-11-induced apoptosis. These data demonstrate that both the loss of p53 and carcinogen stimulation are associated with altered expression of Fas-R, Bcl-2 and FAP-1, although the loss of p53 is sufficient for altered expression of Bax. Thus, both HPV infection and smoking contribute to acquisition of anti-apoptotic characteristics by oral carcinomas.
Pulsed time-of-flight laser radar module with millimeter-level accuracy using full custom receiver and TDC ASICs (2002)

A laser rangefinding device based on a pulsed time-of-flight distance measurement technique was constructed and tested. The aim, millimeter-level measurement accuracy with low power consumption, cost, and size, were achieved using full-custom application-specific integrated circuits in significant parts of the device, the receiver channel, and the time-to-digital converter. The accuracy of the device with a measurement time of one second and of the optomechanical head used in the measurements is at the mm-level in the case of a noncooperative target at a measurement range from 4 to 34 m and at a temperature between -10/spl deg/C and +50/spl deg/C.