gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of gene expression in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> by ToxT involves both antirepression and RNA polymerase stimulation (2002)

Co-ordinate expression of many virulence genes in the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae is under the direct control of the ToxT protein, including genes whose products are required for the biogenesis of the toxin-co-regulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin (CTX). This work examined interactions between ToxT and the promoters of ctx and tcpA genes. We found that a minimum of three direct repeats of the sequence TTTTGAT is required for ToxT-dependent activation of the ctx promoter, and that the region from -85 to -41 of the tcpA promoter contains elements that are responsive to ToxT-dependent activation. The role of H-NS in transcription of ctx and tcpA was also analysed. The level of activation of ctx-lacZ in an E. coli hns- strain was greatly increased even in the absence of ToxT, and was further enhanced in the presence of ToxT. In contrast, H-NS plays a lesser role in the regulation of the tcpA promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that 6x His-tagged ToxT directly, and specifically, interacts with both the ctx and tcpA promoters. DNase I footprinting analysis suggests that there may be two ToxT binding sites with different affinity in the ctx promoter and that ToxT binds to -84 to -41 of the tcpA promoter. In vitro transcription experiments demonstrated that ToxT alone is able to activate transcription from both promoters. We hypothesize that under conditions appropriate for ToxT-dependent gene expression, ToxT binds to AT-rich promoters that may have a specific secondary conformation, displaces H-NS and stimulates RNA polymerase resulting in transcription activation.
Positive effect of erythrocyte-delivered dexamethasone in ataxia-telangiectasia (2015)

These promising preliminary results call for a large-scale controlled study on protracted treatment of patients with AT with dexamethasone-loaded erythrocytes.
Adaptive Fraud Detection System Using Dynamic Risk Features (2018)

eCommerce transaction frauds keep changing rapidly. This is the major issue that prevents eCommerce merchants having a robust machine learning model for fraudulent transactions detection. The root cause of this problem is that rapid changing fraud patterns alters underlying data generating system and causes the performance deterioration for machine learning models. This phenomenon in statistical modeling is called "Concept Drift". To overcome this issue, we propose an approach which adds dynamic risk features as model inputs. Dynamic risk features are a set of features built on entity profile with fraud feedback. They are introduced to quantify the fluctuation of probability distribution of risk features from certain entity profile caused by concept drift. In this paper, we also illustrate why this strategy can successfully handle the effect of concept drift under statistical learning framework. We also validate our approach on multiple businesses in production and have verified that the proposed dynamic model has a superior ROC curve than a static model built on the same data and training parameters.
A sensor independent probabilistic fusion system for driver assistance systems (2009)

In this contribution we present a probabilistic fusion framework for implementing a sensor independent measurement fusion. All interfaces are using probabilistic descriptions of measurement and existence uncertainties. We introduce several extensions to already existing algorithms: the support for association of multiple measurements to the same object is introduced, which reduces the effects of split segments in the data preprocessing step of high-resolution sensors like laser scanners. Furthermore, we present an approach for integrating explicit object birth models. We also developed extensions to speed up the algorithm which lead to real-time performance with fragmented data. We show the application of the framework in an automotive multi-target multi-sensor environment by fusing laser scanner and video. The algorithms were evaluated using real-world data in our research vehicle.
Toxicodendron Dermatitis: Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac (2006)

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by the Toxicodendron (formerly Rhus) species-poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac-affects millions of North Americans every year. In certain outdoor occupations, for example, agriculture and forestry, as well as among many outdoor enthusiasts, Toxicodendron dermatitis presents a significant hazard. This review considers the epidemiology, identification, immunochemistry, pathophysiology, clinical features, treatment, and prevention of this common dermatologic problem. Recent research in prevention is emphasized, and resources to help in the identification of plants are provided in the bibliography. The literature was searched using a MEDLINE query for "Toxicodendron dermatitis", and the identified article bibliographies were searched as well.
Interferon-Induced Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity Inhibits <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> Replication in Human Macrophages (1989)

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) previously has been shown to inhibit the replication of Chlamydia psittaci in epithelial cells by inducing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, the enzyme that decyclizes tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine. The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in IFN-mediated inhibition of C. psittaci in human macrophages has now been examined. Peripheral blood monocytes from normal donors were isolated and cultivated 10-14 days to allow differentiation to macrophages. Cells were then treated with either IFN-gamma or IFN-beta for 48 h before infection with sufficient C. psittaci to infect approximately 30% of the cells. Infected cells were incubated 24 h, at which time coverslips were fixed, stained with Giemsa, and examined for development of C. psittaci inclusions by light microscopy. Complete inhibition of inclusion development was observed with IFN-gamma. In the absence of lipopolysaccharide, inhibition of C. psittaci by IFN-beta was variable; however, in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, IFN-beta also completely inhibited C. psittaci replication. The addition of excess tryptophan to the culture medium at the time of infection partially reversed the effect of IFN on the inhibition of C. psittaci growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity was determined by measurement of the concentrations of tryptophan and its metabolites in the culture medium after reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Significant indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity was observed only in macrophages treated with IFN-gamma or combined IFN-beta plus lipopolysaccharide, and resulted in greater than 50% of available tryptophan being catabolized in a 4-h period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Complementation of Saccharomycescerevisiae Strains Containing Fatty Acid Activation Gene (FAA) Deletions with a Mammalian Acyl-CoA Synthetase (1995)

Four unlinked fatty acid activation (FAA) genes encoding acyl-CoA synthetases have been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterized by noting the phenotypes of isogenic strains containing all possible combinations of faa null alleles. None of these genes is required for vegetative growth when acyl-CoA production by the fatty acid synthetase (Fas) complex is active. When Fas is inhibited by cerulenin, exponentially growing cells are not viable on media containing a fermentable carbon source unless supplemented with fatty acids such as myristate, palmitate, or oleate. The functionally interchangeable FAA1 and FAA4 genes are responsible for activation of these imported fatty acids. Analysis of lysates prepared from isogenic FAA1FAA4 and faa1 delta faa4 delta strains indicated that Faa1p and Faa4p together account for 99% of total cellular myristoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-CoA synthetase activities. Genetic complementation studies revealed that rat liver acyl-CoA synthetase (RLACS) rescues the viability of faa1 delta faa4 delta cells in media containing a fermentable carbon source, myristate or palmitate, plus cerulenin. Rescue is greater at 37 degrees C compared with 24 degrees C, paralleling the temperature-dependent changes in RLACS activity in vitro as well as the enzyme's ability to direct incorporation of tritiated myristate and palmitate into cellular phospholipids in vivo. Complementation by RLACS is blocked by treatment of cells with triacsin C (1-hydroxy-3-(E,E,E,2',4',7'- undecatrienylidine)triazene). Even though Faa1p, Faa4p, and RLACS are all able to activate imported myristate and palmitate in S. cerevisiae, the sensitivity of Faa4p and RLACS, but not Faa1p, to inhibition by triacsin C suggests that the rat liver enzyme is functionally more analogous to Faa4p than to Faa1p. Finally, an assessment of myristate and palmitate import into FAA1FAA4 and faa1 delta faa4 delta strains, with or without episomes that direct overexpression of Faa1p, Faa4p or RLACS, indicated that fatty acid uptake is not coupled to activation in S. cerevisiae.
Annealing effects on single Shockley faults in 4H-SiC (2006)

We investigated the annealing effect on single Shockley faults (SSFs) in the SiC epitaxial layers by photoluminescence mapping in combination with high-power laser illumination. Comparing before and after annealing at 350–550°C, it became obvious that annealing results in the shrinking of the faulted area of SSFs. When high-power laser illumination is performed again on the same area annealed at 550°C, the right-angled triangular SSFs reformed into exactly the same features as those before annealing, but the isosceles triangular SSFs did not reform. The annealing temperature to start shrinking the faulted area differs according to the type of SSF.
Zika Virus: New Clinical Syndromes and Its Emergence in the Western Hemisphere (2016)

Zika virus (ZIKV) had remained a relatively obscure flavivirus until a recent series of outbreaks accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical complications brought this virus into the spotlight as causing an infection of global public health concern. In this review, we discuss the history and epidemiology of ZIKV infection, recent outbreaks in Oceania and the emergence of ZIKV in the Western Hemisphere, newly ascribed complications of ZIKV infection, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly, potential interactions between ZIKV and dengue virus, and the prospects for the development of antiviral agents and vaccines.
Preparation of Ethylcellulose Latex by Aqueous Dispersions: Importance of the Particle Size and Plasticizer (2011)

Summary: Based on phase transfer processes ethylcellulose (EC) latex was prepared using dibutyl sebacate (DBS) as plasticizer and oleic acid, ammonia water as an emulsifier to evaluate film-formation properties. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterize the surface features, practical size and differential scanning colorimetry was employed to investigate the effect of plasticizer on glass transition temperature of the resulting materials. The influences of emulsifier concentration on the particle size and on the viscosity were studied. The viscosity initially showed a decreased tendency and then increased linearly with increasing emulsifier concentration. On the other hand, the surface tension decreased considerably up to about 4 wt%, and then it almost remains unchanged with increasing emulsifier concentration. The polymer particle size was identified to be a very crucial formulation parameter, determining the resulting film coating structure and properties. Importantly the particle size decreased systemically with increasing emulsifier concentration up to about 2 wt% and then increased markedly with increasing emulsifier concentration. In addition, the results indicated that the incorporation of polymeric plasticizer substantially reduced the glass transition temperature (Tg) and softening temperature. Moreover, the home-synthesized EC latex could be used effectively to coat materials for drug release.
Surgical Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast (1992)

Between 1967 and 1977, 36 patients received treatment at the Virginia Mason Medical Center in Seattle, Wash, for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Twenty-five patients had modified radical mastectomies, 10 had radical mastectomies, and one had a simple mastectomy. Twenty-seven patients have been followed up for at least 10 years and are without known recurrence (mean follow-up, 17.7 years; range, 8 to 24 years), eight patients died without known recurrence (mean follow-up, 10.6 years; range, 6 to 14 years), and one patient with a prior contralateral mastectomy for infiltrating cancer of the breast had a recurrence in the scalene nodes on the side of the infiltrating cancer and died of metastatic cancer. No patients with ductal carcinoma in situ had local recurrences in the ipsilateral breast or chest wall, and no patients developed cancers in the contralateral breast; one patient had axillary metastasis. Twenty-eight (78%) of 36 patients had multicentric ductal carcinoma in situ in their mastectomy specimens. Twenty-three (88%) of 26 patients with comedocarcinoma-type ductal carcinoma in situ had multicentric lesions. Conversely, patients with low-grade nuclear papillary ductal carcinoma in situ did not have multicentric lesions. Five (14%) of 36 patients had incidental microinvasion discovered in the mastectomy specimens; all had comedocarcinoma. In summary, our study of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ revealed that (1) mastectomy provided excellent local and systemic control; (2) cancer in the contralateral breast was infrequent; (3) axillary metastasis was rare; and (4) histologic features of tumors markedly affected the frequency of multicentricity and chance for microinvasion.
The Synthesis of Certain 7α-Alkylthio and 7α-Acylthio Steroid Hormone Derivatives (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Certain 7α-Alkylthio and 7α-Acylthio Steroid Hormone DerivativesROBERT E. SCHAUB and MARTIN J. WEISSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 10, 3915–3925Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01068a068https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01068a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multimedia visual information seeking. (1997)

In this thesis, I present a new paradigm for the analysis of spatio-temporal data--one that seamlessly integrates querying and browsing of spatio-temporal relationships through an integrated MultiMedia Visual Information Seeking (MMVIS) environment. I designed MMVIS as an interactive visualization framework where users can explore spatio-temporal relationships between subsets of events using a visual query language tightly coupled to a dynamically updated visualization of results. I then applied this approach to the temporal analysis of video data. Key contributions of this research include the definition of a temporal visual query language (TVQL) and corresponding temporal visualization (TViz) of results, the development of the k-Bucket array-based indexing structure for incrementally processing multidimensional range queries, and the evaluation of the efficiency, viability, and usability of the MMVIS approach. TVQL is a novel query interface that supports specification of temporal queries via direct manipulation and facilitates temporal browsing in a way that was not previously possible. The power of TVQL is enhanced with its tight integration with TViz. TViz visually depicts temporal relationships between subsets by abstracting relationships between individual event instances into trends. The k-Bucket is a new index structure that I developed for the open problem of processing incremental multidimensional range queries, such as those posed using TVQL. I present the validation of k-Bucket efficiency over existing index structures in a series of simulations. I demonstrate the viability and usability of MMVIS through prototype implementation and through two user studies and a case study applying MMVIS to the analysis of real video data. I compare TVQL to a forms-based query language (TForms) in the first user study, showing that while TVQL takes longer to learn, TVQL subjects are more efficient and more accurate in specifying queries than TForms subjects. The second study compares the utility of MMVIS to a timeline visualization for finding temporal trends, showing that subjects can use either interface to find interesting and complex temporal trends, but that MMVIS subjects are more accurate and are able to detect trends and exceptions, whereas timeline subjects are biased against finding exceptions to trends.
Hypoparathyroidism unmasked by alendronate (2000)

The case of an elderly woman is reported in whom alendronate, given for osteoporosis, led to severe hypocalcaemia a few days after starting the drug treatment. This was caused by the unmasking of previously unrecognised hypoparathyroidism.
Performance analysis of time-enhanced UML diagrams based on stochastic processes (2002)

In this paper, we propose extensions to UML state diagrams and activity diagrams in order to allow the association of events with exponentially distributed and deterministic delays. We present an efficient algorithm for the state space generation out of these UML diagrams that allows a quantitative analysis by means of an underlying stochastic process. We identify a particular stochastic process, the generalized semi-Markov process (GSMP), as the appropriate vehicle on which quantitative analysis is performed. As innovative feature the algorithm removes vanishing states, i.e. states with no timed events active, and considers branching probabilities within activity diagrams. Furthermore, we introduce a performance evaluation framework that allows a system designer to predict performance measures at several steps in the design process. The applicability of our approach for practical performance and dependability projects is demonstrated by an UML specification of the General Packet Radio Service, a packet switched extension in GSM wireless networks.
Health Consequences of Obesity in Youth: Childhood Predictors of Adult Disease (1998)

Obesity now affects one in five children in the United States. Discrimination against overweight children begins early in childhood and becomes progressively institutionalized. Because obese children tend to be taller than their nonoverweight peers, they are apt to be viewed as more mature. The inappropriate expectations that result may have an adverse effect on their socialization. Many of the cardiovascular consequences that characterize adult-onset obesity are preceded by abnormalities that begin in childhood. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and abnormal glucose tolerance occur with increased frequency in obese children and adolescents. The relationship of cardiovascular risk factors to visceral fat independent of total body fat remains unclear. Sleep apnea, pseudotumor cerebri, and Blount's disease represent major sources of morbidity for which rapid and sustained weight reduction is essential. Although several periods of increased risk appear in childhood, it is not clear whether obesity with onset early in childhood carries a greater risk of adult morbidity and mortality. Obesity is now the most prevalent nutritional disease of children and adolescents in the United States. Although obesity-associated morbidities occur more frequently in adults, significant consequences of obesity as well as the antecedents of adult disease occur in obese children and adolescents. In this review, I consider the adverse effects of obesity in children and adolescents and attempt to outline areas for future research. I refer to obesity as a body mass index greater than the 95th percentile for children of the same age and gender.
An approach to knowledge-directed image analysis (1977)

A vision system is described which uses a semantic network model and a distributed control structure to accomplish the image analysis process. The process of "understanding an image" leads to the instantiation of a subset of the model, and the identification of nodes in the instance of the model with image features. The instantiated nodes and the relations between them form another data structure called the sketchmap. The sketchmap explicates the relation of the model to the image; this model-image mapping is accomplished by mapping procedures which are part of the procedural knowledge in the model. The procedures are accompanied by descriptions which contain at least pre-and post-conditions for the procedure and performance measures for it. Nodes which have attached procedures may also have an executive procedure attached. This executive is responsible for deciding which of several possibly effective procedures to run. Thus through the executive the system does a very general kind of procedure invocation based not only on what the executive knows about global state, but on a rich description of the procedure's capabilities. The user's program is generally responsible for allocating effort at a level above that of the individual executive procedure. Thus no single domain-independent formulation or methodology is imposed on all vision tasks. One facility provided by the system is the use of geometric constraints between model objects to guide search for the objects in the image. The system is an attempt to bring together many current ideas in artificial intelligence and vision programming and thereby to cast some light on fundamental problems of computer perception. The semantic network facilitates the interplay between geometric and other relational constraints which are used to direct and limit search. The use of attached procedures in the network gives a mix of declarative and procedural knowledge, and the executive provides an unusually powerful procedure invocation scheme. The multiplicity of procedures allows modelling objects under radically different conditions and levels of detail. This tends to make the system robust in that an object which could not be located initially may be found later when knowledge about the image has increased. The system is illustrated throughout the chapter with illustrations from two particular applications: the finding of ships in a dock scene and the finding of ribs in a chest X-ray film.