gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the mechanisms of glutamine action in critically ill patients (2010)

Glutamine (Gln) is an important energy source and has been used as a supplementary energy substrate. Furthermore, Gln is an essential component for numerous metabolic functions, including acid-base homeostasis, gluconeogenesis, nitrogen transport and synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Therefore, glutamine plays a significant role in cell homeostasis and organ metabolism. This article aims to review the mechanisms of glutamine action during severe illnesses. In critically ill patients, the increase in mortality was associated with a decreased plasma Gln concentration. During catabolic stress, Gln consumption rate exceeds the supply, and both plasma and skeletal muscle pools of free Gln are severely reduced. The dose and route of Gln administration clearly influence its effectiveness: high-dose parenteral appears to be more beneficial than low-dose enteral administration. Experimental studies reported that Gln may protect cells, tissues, and whole organisms from stress and injury through the following mechanisms: attenuation of NF (nuclear factor)-kB activation, a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, reduction in neutrophil accumulation, improvement in intestinal integrity and immune cell function, and enhanced of heat shock protein expression. In conclusion, high-doses of parenteral Gln (>0.50 g/kg/day) demonstrate a greater potential to benefit in critically ill patients, although Gln pathophysiological mechanisms requires elucidation.
The significance of elevated basal follicle stimulating hormone in regularly menstruating infertile women (1994)

Elevated plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) during the reproductive life is an early manifestation of ovarian ageing. The presence of elevated basal FSH in young, regularly menstruating women may represent a stage of menopausal transition consequent on premature ovarian failure. A total of 48 regularly menstruating, infertile women aged < 40 years, with high FSH and aged-matched controls with normal FSH underwent detailed monitoring of endocrine and follicle growth during one complete menstrual cycle. During the same cycle, detailed immunological screening was performed and the epidemiological features of all subjects were also reviewed. Subjects in the high FSH group had significantly higher basal FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular phase LH concentrations. Despite their normal preovulatory oestradiol production, the high FSH group showed significantly slower follicular growth, smaller follicle diameter and lower luteal phase salivary progesterone. All these features have been described in older women during their menopausal transition. In addition, the prevalence of autoimmune antibodies was significantly higher in the high FSH group. This study suggests that infertile women with elevated FSH are in their perimenopause despite having regular ovulatory and apparently normal cycles. An autoimmune basis is suggested as a factor underlying their premature ovarian failure. Further endocrinological and autoimmunological follow-up is recommended.
α-Cyano-<i>N</i>-(2,5-dibromophenyl)-β-hydroxybut-2-enamide (1999)

The title compound, C11H8Br2N2O2 (LFM-A13), is the first reported BTK-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor and the first antileukemic agent targeting BTK (Bruton's tyrosine kinase). The crystal structure showed that the molecule adopts an approximately planar conformation aided by an intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between the hydroxyl group and the amide carbonyl group. The dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the plane defined by the N-C-C=C-CH3 group is 8.2 (6) degrees. The crystal packing shows an additional weak intermolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group and the amide carbonyl-O atom of the centrosymmetrically related molecule.
Evaluation of Protein and Mineral Nutrients in Cattle Hide Scraps Used for Treating Children with Kwashiorkor in Bukavu (2018)

Kwashiorkor is an appalling state of malnutrition that strikes many children under five in developing countries including the Democratic Republic of Congo. Because of poverty, local population is using beef skins hide (cowhide or oxhide) scrapings, named “Nkulo” in Bukavu city, to combat this condition. This study aimed at analyzing quantitatively the content of Nkulo in mineral and protein-energetic nutrients to verify whether it is suitable for such a purpose. Five samples were purchased in different open markets of the city. The protein content was evaluated as total nitrogen by Kjedhal method whereas the mineral content was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and X-Ray Spectrofluorometer. On average the yield in proteins was 53.5± 2.9 percent. The minerals in appreciable concentration were Fe(50mg/100g); Si(19mg/100g); Sb(18mg/100g); Ca(16mg/100g); Sn(13mg/100g); Cr(11mg/100g); Ni(10mg/100g); K(10mg/100g) ; P(5mg/100g/); Ti(3mg/100g); S(1mg/100g); Cu(1/100g); Zn(0.7mg/100g). Other elements were found in less than 0.7 mg/100g. The high concentration in proteins and iron may justify the use of Nkulo for protein linked malnutrition and anaemia. The concentration in heavy metals was inferior to maximal admissible levels. However the quality of storage and packaging should be improved to prevent possible fungal contamination. Local pharmacists and nutritionists are invited to assist in preparing innovative formula.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the electronic structure of transition-metal difluorides (1977)

The valence-electron densities of states of the $3d$ transition-metal difluorides Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, Fe${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, Co${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, Ni${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, and Zn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ were obtained by means of high-resolution x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Except for Ni${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, single-crystal samples were cleaved and studied in ultrahigh vacuum. With the aid of previous XPS results from alkali fluorides, the partial $3d$ densities of states were derived, using the constancy of the $F 2s\ensuremath{-}F 2p$ energy separation and relative intensity ratio. The results are in very good agreement with recent multiconfigurational Hartree-Fock calculations by Viinikka and Bagus on cluster hole states, both for valence bands and for correlation-state satellite peaks.
Integrated platform of artificial immune system for anomaly detection (2005)

The Central Carbon Metabolic Flux Database (CeCaFDB, available at http://www.cecafdb.org) is a manually curated, multipurpose and open-access database for the documentation, visualization and comparative analysis of the quantitative flux results of central carbon metabolism among microbes and animal cells. It encompasses records for more than 500 flux distributions among 36 organisms and includes information regarding the genotype, culture medium, growth conditions and other specific information gathered from hundreds of journal articles. In addition to its comprehensive literature-derived data, the CeCaFDB supports a common text search function among the data and interactive visualization of the curated flux distributions with compartmentation information based on the Cytoscape Web API, which facilitates data interpretation. The CeCaFDB offers four modules to calculate a similarity score or to perform an alignment between the flux distributions. One of the modules was built using an inter programming algorithm for flux distribution alignment that was specifically designed for this study. Based on these modules, the CeCaFDB also supports an extensive flux distribution comparison function among the curated data. The CeCaFDB is strenuously designed to address the broad demands of biochemists, metabolic engineers, systems biologists and members of the -omics community.
沒有回憶的現在、沒有過去的將來 : 對回憶的政治的「新」理解 (2011)

我們活在怎樣的社會生活形態與社會氛圍，其實正影響我們怎樣對待這個社會的過去、現在所發生的事，同時影響我們對社會的將來所抱的態度與想像。我們如何面對社會的過去，令我們對這地方的歸屬感、投入感、身分認同有著重要的影響。每一個地方之中，哪些人與事在歷史中被記錄、被記念，往往正反映這地方重視甚麼，從而讓現在與後世的人知道這地方所發生的事。因此，哪些人與事是人們需要和應該記得的，都應一一正式地被記錄下來。本文將探討今天我們所身處的社會氛圍，怎樣影響我們認識「過往」與「回憶」，進而探討為何我們今天對歷史與回憶有這樣的理解，這正是面對回憶的政治(politics of memory)的問題：當我們再次思考「回憶的政治」的時候，可以怎樣再思考「時間」這回事，並如何從文化研究獲得思考的資源，回應「回憶的政治」這課題。
Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Sulfuric Acid and Microwave Irradiation Processes (2012)

A comparative study of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using sulfuric acid (Two-step) and microwave-assisted transesterification (One-step) was carried out. A two-step transesterification process was used to produce biodiesel (alkyl ester) from high free fatty acid (FFA) waste cooking oil. Microwave-assisted catalytic transesterification using BaO and KOH was evaluated for the efficacy of microwave irradiation in biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. On the basis of energy consumptions for waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification by both conventional heating and microwave-heating methods evaluated in this study, it was estimated that the microwave-heating method consumes less than 10% of the energy to achieve the same yield as the conventional heating method for given experimental conditions. The thermal stability of waste cooking oil and biodiesel was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The analysis of different oil properties, fuel properties and process parametric evaluative studies of waste cooking oil are presented in detail. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced were compared with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards for biodiesel and regular diesel.
COARSE-GRAINED SI FILMS FOR CRYSTALLINE SI THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS PREPARED BY ZONE-MELTING RECRYSTALLIZATION (2001)

Zone-melting recrystallization (ZMR) is a technique which can dramatically improve the quality of Si films deposited on foreign substrates. Therefore this process also plays a key role for the fabrication of crystalline Si thin-film solar cells following the high temperature route. The influence of substrate parameters on crystal quality is studied by ZMR experiments on different kind of Si wafers and on low cost Si ribbon material produced by the SSP (Silicon Sheets from Powder) process. The defect structure of recrystallized and epitaxially thickened Si films is correlated with crystal growth morphology observed in-situ during ZMR. Thin-film solar cells prepared from Si films on multicrystalline Si and SSP substrates are characterized. Efficiencies reach up to 12.3% on mc-Si and 11.3% on SSP substrates. The improvement of solar cell parameters by an emitter passivation is quantified. Keywords: Recrystallization - 1 -: Thin Film - 2 -: Substrate - 3 -
Wall Effect and Detection Limit of the Proportional Counter Spectrometer (1983)

Abstract The detection limit of the proportional counter spectrometer is determined by the low-energy background caused by the wall effect. The choice of the filling gas of the proportional counter has been studied to minimize the background. Detection limits (3σ) for different elements have been calculated. Theoretical results have been compared with the experimental value obtained with Cd-109 and Am-24l excitation. The results are applied to the analysis of metal concentrations in oil samples and mapping the contents of zinc in the bark of living trees with a portable XRF-analyzer.
Stroboscopic Vibration Analyzer (1958)

This paper describes a new instrument called a strobolyzer which makes it possible to observe, in slow motion, the vibrations of any body at any audio-frequency even though the amplitude of motion is microscopic. It can be used to determine resonant modes of complicated bodies or to observe changes in motion as changes are made in frequency, loading, or driving point. The motion to be studied is detected by a number of vibration pickups placed to show the interesting features of the motion. The signal from each pickup is at the vibrating frequency but, in general, will differ from the other pickup signals in amplitude and phase. In the strobolyzer, the signal from each pickup is mixed with a common signal which differs by a small amount, Δcps, from the vibrating frequency. The signals from the mixer, after filtering, are at Δcps and the amplitude and phase relations which exist among the signals from the pickups are preserved in the signals from the mixers. The signal from each mixer drives an indicator which is mounted on a rough model of the vibrating body in a position which corresponds to the respective pickup.
Waveguide modes of electromagnetic radiation in hollow-core microstructure and photonic-crystal fibers (2003)

The properties of waveguide modes in hollow-core microstructure fibers with two-dimensionally periodic and aperiodic claddings are studied. Hollow fibers with a two-dimensionally periodic cladding support air-guided modes of electromagnetic radiation due to the high reflectivity of the cladding within photonic band gaps. Transmission spectra measured for such modes display isolated maxima, visualizing photonic band gaps of the cladding. The spectrum of modes guided by the fibers of this type can be tuned by changing cladding parameters. The possibility of designing hollow photonic-crystal fibers providing maximum transmission for radiation with a desirable wavelength is demonstrated. Fibers designed to transmit 532-, 633-, and 800-nm radiation have been fabricated and tested. The effect of cladding aperiodicity on the properties of modes guided in the hollow core of a microstructure fiber is examined. Hollow fibers with disordered photonic-crystal claddings are shown to guide localized modes of electromagnetic radiation. Hollow-core photonic-crystal fibers created and investigated in this paper offer new solutions for the transmission of ultrashort pulses of high-power laser radiation, improving the efficiency of nonlinear-optical processes, and fiber-optic delivery of high-fluence laser pulses in technological laser systems.
Functional Expression of TWEAK and the Receptor Fn14 in Human Malignant Ovarian Tumors: Possible Implication for Ovarian Tumor Intervention (2013)

The aim of this current study was to investigate the expression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) in human malignant ovarian tumors, and test TWEAK's potential role on tumor progression in cell models in-vitro. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found that TWEAK and its receptor Fn14 were expressed in human malignant ovarian tumors, but not in normal ovarian tissues or in borderline/benign epithelial ovarian tumors. High levels of TWEAK expression was detected in the majority of malignant tumors (36 out of 41, 87.80%). Similarly, 35 out of 41 (85.37%) malignant ovarian tumors were Fn14 positive. In these malignant ovarian tumors, however, TWEAK/Fn14 expression was not corrected with patients' clinical subtype/stages or pathological features. In vitro, we demonstrated that TWEAK only inhibited ovarian cancer HO-8910PM cell proliferation in combination with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereas either TWEAK or TNF-α alone didn't affect HO-8910PM cell growth. TWEAK promoted TNF-α production in cultured THP-1 macrophages. Meanwhile, conditioned media from TWEAK-activated macrophages inhibited cultured HO-8910PM cell proliferation and invasion. Further, TWEAK increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production in cultured HO-8910PM cells to possibly recruit macrophages. Our results suggest that TWEAK/Fn14, by activating macrophages, could be ovarian tumor suppressors. The unique expression of TWEAK/Fn14 in malignant tumors indicates that it might be detected as a malignant ovarian tumor marker.
TOPICAL PHENYTOIN IN WOUND HEALING (1993)

Topical phenytoin appears to be an effective, inexpensive, and widely available therapeutic agent in wound healing. Further clinical use and evaluation is merited.
Pentafluorophenyl Isocyanate as an Effective Electrolyte Additive for Improved Performance of Silicon-Based Lithium-Ion Full Cells (2018)

Due to its high specific and volumetric capacity and relatively low operation potential, silicon (Si) has attracted much attention to be utilized as a high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with increased energy density. However, the application of Si within commercial LIBs is still hindered by its poor cycling stability related to the huge volume changes of Si upon lithiation/delithiation, followed by continuous electrolyte decomposition and active lithium loss at the anode side. In this work, we present the application of pentafluorophenyl isocyanate (PFPI) as an effective electrolyte additive for lithium-ion full cells, containing a pure, magnetron-sputtered Si anode and a LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC-111) cathode. The performance of the Si/NMC-111 full cells is significantly improved in terms of capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency by the addition of 2 wt % PFPI to the baseline electrolyte and is compared to the well-known additives vinylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate. Furthermore, it is revealed that the additive is able to reduce the active lithium losses by forming an effective solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Si anode. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations unveil that PFPI is a main part of the SEI layer, leading to less active lithium immobilized within the interphase. Overall, our results pave the path for a broad range of different isocyanate compounds, which have not been studied for Si-based anodes in lithium-ion full cells so far. These compounds can be easily adjusted by modifying the chemical structure and/or functional groups incorporated within the molecule, to specifically tailor the SEI layer for Si-based anodes in LIBs.
Design and performance of an extremely low noise surface acoustic wave oscillator (2002)

The design, component selection, and performance of an extremely low noise (PM and AM) all quartz package (AQP) surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator hybrid circuit oscillator are described in detail. The prototype 400 MHz hybrid circuit oscillator's measured white phase noise floor is -185 dBc/Hz for carrier offset frequencies greater than 400 kHz. This is the best result yet reported for a SAW resonator oscillator's white phase noise floor, particularly for a hybrid circuit oscillator, and is almost 2 dB better than the previous best reported result for a discrete component, printed circuit board design. The oscillator's flicker FM (S/sub /spl phi//(f)/spl sim/f/sup -3/) phase noise level at 10 Hz carrier offset is approximately -80 dBc/Hz. A UTO-1023 (Avantek) amplifier in substrate carrier form was used in the oscillator's feedback loop, and a buffer amplifier was not included in this prototype design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intrinsic fluorescence of actin (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntrinsic fluorescence of actinSherwin S. Lehrer and Grace KerwarCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 7, 1211–1217Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00757a015https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00757a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views439Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pharmacophore Modeling and Three Dimensional Database Searching for Drug Design Using Catalyst: Recent Advances (2004)

Perceiving a pharmacophore is the first essential step towards understanding the interaction between a receptor and a ligand. Once a pharmacophore is established, a beneficial use of it is 3D database searching to retrieve novel compounds that would match the pharmacophore. As the 3D searching technology has evolved over the years, it has been effectively used for lead optimization, combinatorial library focusing, as well as virtual high-throughput screening. This paper is an update to the original paper published in this journal earlier: Kurogi, Y, and Guner, O. F. "Pharmacophore Modeling and Three-Dimensional Database Searching for Drug Design Using Catalyst," in Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2001, 8(9), 1035-1055.
Dynamic mechanical properties of some nylons and their blends (1986)

Abstract The dynamic mechanical properties of nylons 6, 11, 12, 66, 610, 612, and 666 are compared. The spectra are very similar with peaks in the loss curves at about −120, −40, and 85°C. The similarity suggests that attempts to determine whether the nylons could in fact be incompatible when blended might not be successful. Calculations based in turn on calculated cohesive energy densities and interaction parameters also suggest that only nylon, 6 and 66 would be compatible. By using the nature of the major loss peak at the glassy transition which is high and narrow for nylons 11 and 12 and broader and shorter for nylons 6, 66, and 666, it is possible to deduce that nylons 6 and 12 are somewhat incompatible but that the other combinations are most likely dynamically compatible.
Evaluation of predictive ability of APACHE II system and hospital outcome in Canadian intensive care unit patients (1995)

The ability of the APACHE II system in predicting group outcome is validated in this Canadian ICU population by receiver operating characteristic curve, 2 x 2 decision matrices and linear regression analysis. The Canadian patients had a higher overall hospital death rate than the United States patients. After controlling for severity of illness using APACHE II scores, the hospital death rate was comparable between the Canadian and United States patients.
<i>In Situ</i> Gas Supply System on the Powder Diffraction Beamline I11 at Diamond Light Source (2012)

Beamline I11 at Diamond began accepting users for high resolution powder diffraction experiments in Oct 2008. We present the design, key specifications, performance and the hardware of this new beamline which receives an intense and highly collimated x-ray beam generated by an in-vacuum undulator. With the simple optics (a double-crystal monochromator, harmonic rejection mirrors and slits), a high purity beam of low energy-bandpass X-rays optimised at 15 keV is delivered at the sample. The heavy duty diffraction instrument is designed to have the flexibility to house a variety of sample environments and holds two detection systems to collect high quality diffraction data, i.e. multi-analysing crystals (MAC) for high angular resolution experiments and a fast position sensitive detector (PSD) for time-resolved studies. A recent addition to the beamline capabilities is the installation of a specifically designed gas control system. This allows the in-situ dosing of a powder sample with gases such as hydrogen and carbon dioxide, at low (~10 mbar) and high pressures (<100 bar). In addition a low pressure capillary sample cell is described which is now available to users of the beamline.