gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extension of dynamic range in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry via stored waveform inverse Fourier transform excitation (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtension of dynamic range in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry via stored waveform inverse Fourier transform excitationTao Chin Lin. Wang, Tom L. Ricca, and Alan G. MarshallCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 14, 2935–2938Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00127a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00127a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views295Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Study of bioavailability of different forms of synthetic beta-carotene in volunteers]. (1996)

The concentration of beta-carotene analyzed in blood serum of 30 healthy men and women aged 17-50 years by the method of HPLC in May-June 1990 was in range 3.3-29.5 and in average 12.0 +/- 1.2 micrograms/100 ml. Concentration of carotene determined by Bessay's spectrophotometric method as sum of carotenoids composed 58.0-215.0 and in average 120.5 +/- 7.5 micrograms/100 ml. This level of carotenoids is higher by 10 times than level of beta-carotene detected by HPLC. But the levels of carotenes in blood serum detected by two methods are in positive correlation (r = 0.8). Single intake by volunteers 25 mg of synthetic beta-carotene in three different forms (as cyclodextrin derivation, or 30% microcrystalic suspension in vegetable oil, or 10% water-soluble form produced by Hoffman-La Roche company) caused increasing of beta-carotene concentration in serum with maximum within 24-48 hours. Bioavailability of cyclodextrin derivation of beta-carotene, determined by absolute increasing of beta-carotene concentration in serum, was lowest than that of other forms. Bioavailability of beta-carotene as 30% microcrystalic suspension in vegetable oil or 10% water-soluble form was practically the same. Intake of beta-carotene did not effect on level of retinol in serum which was in normal range.
A thorough assessment of benign genetic variability in<i>GRN</i>and<i>MAPT</i> (2009)

Mutations in APP, PSEN1, MAPTand GRNare the most common genetic causes of dementia. The previous miss-assignment of pathogenicity to benign variants in these genes stresses the importance of discerning between disease causing mutations and benign variants with no pathogenic effect on the function of the respective protein. In this study we sequenced GRNand MAPTin 282 samples from the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain - Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel, in order to identify benign variants that could otherwise be mistaken for pathogenic mutations. We found sixteen different non-synonymous changes, eleven of which are novel variants.
Hydrogenation of Compounds Containing Divalent Sulfur (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation of Compounds Containing Divalent SulfurRalph Mozingo, Stanton A. Harris, Donald E. Wolf, Charles E. Hoffhine Jr., Nelson R. Easton, and Karl FolkersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 12, 2092–2095Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01228a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01228a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1397Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CAD based inspection: using a vision cell demonstrator (2002)

The paper addresses issues in developing an automated visual inspection system. To achieve a truly flexible automated visual inspection system, the interface between the vision system and the CAD system is an important factor. Although both vision and CAD systems rely on models of objects, these two fields remain rather disjoint in data representation. An interface which bridges the gap between these two systems is discussed. The way in which this interface is used by the vision system to carry out the object recognition and the inspection on the part is also discussed. An example of CAD guided inspection is described for a simple 2.5D object.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The use of anthrax vaccines prepared from avirulent (uncapsulated) variants of Bacillus anthracis (1939)

The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590: 300dpi.\nAdobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.
Takeover Safety Analysis with Driver Monitoring Systems and Driver–Vehicle Interfaces in Highly Automated Vehicles (2021)

According to SAE J3016, autonomous driving can be divided into six levels, and partially automated driving is possible from level three up. A partially or highly automated vehicle can encounter situations involving total system failure. Here, we studied a strategy for safe takeover in such situations. A human-in-the-loop simulator, driver–vehicle interface, and driver monitoring system were developed, and takeover experiments were performed using various driving scenarios and realistic autonomous driving situations. The experiments allowed us to draw the following conclusions. The visual–auditory–haptic complex alarm effectively delivered warnings and had a clear correlation with the user’s subjective preferences. There were scenario types in which the system had to immediately enter minimum risk maneuvers or emergency maneuvers without requesting takeover. Lastly, the risk of accidents can be reduced by the driver monitoring system that prevents the driver from being completely immersed in non-driving-related tasks. We proposed a safe takeover strategy from these results, which provides meaningful guidance for the development of autonomous vehicles. Considering the subjective questionnaire evaluations of users, it is expected to improve the acceptance of autonomous vehicles and increase the adoption of autonomous vehicles.
Distributed Personalization (2015)

Personalization is a long-standing problem in data mining and machine learning. Companies make personalized product recommendations to millions of users every second. In addition to the recommendation problem, with the emerging of personal devices, many conventional problems, e.g., recognition, need to be personalized as well. Moreover, as the number of users grows huge, solving personalization becomes quite challenging. In this paper, we formalize the generic personalization problem as an optimization problem. We propose several ADMM algorithms to solve this problem in a distributed way including a new Asynchronous ADMM that removes all synchronous barriers to maximize the training throughput. We provide a mathematical analysis to show that the proposed Asynchronous ADMM algorithm holds a linear convergence rate which is the best to our knowledge. The distributed personalization allows training to be performed in either a cluster or even on a user's device. This can improve the privacy protection as no personal data is uploaded, while personal models can still be shared with each other. We apply this approach to two industry problems, \emph{Facial Expression Recognition} and \emph{Job Recommendation}. Experiments demonstrate more than 30\% relative error reduction on both problems. Asynchronous ADMM allows faster training for problems with millions of users since it eliminates all network I/O waiting time to maximize the cluster CPU throughput. Experiments demonstrate 4 times faster than original synchronous ADMM algorithm.
A new performance measure and evaluation benchmark for road detection algorithms (2013)

Detecting the road area and ego-lane ahead of a vehicle is central to modern driver assistance systems. While lane-detection on well-marked roads is already available in modern vehicles, finding the boundaries of unmarked or weakly marked roads and lanes as they appear in inner-city and rural environments remains an unsolved problem due to the high variability in scene layout and illumination conditions, amongst others. While recent years have witnessed great interest in this subject, to date no commonly agreed upon benchmark exists, rendering a fair comparison amongst methods difficult. In this paper, we introduce a novel open-access dataset and benchmark for road area and ego-lane detection. Our dataset comprises 600 annotated training and test images of high variability from the KITTI autonomous driving project, capturing a broad spectrum of urban road scenes. For evaluation, we propose to use the 2D Bird's Eye View (BEV) space as vehicle control usually happens in this 2D world, requiring detection results to be represented in this very same space. Furthermore, we propose a novel, behavior-based metric which judges the utility of the extracted ego-lane area for driver assistance applications by fitting a driving corridor to the road detection results in the BEV. We believe this to be important for a meaningful evaluation as pixel-level performance is of limited value for vehicle control. State-of-the-art road detection algorithms are used to demonstrate results using classical pixel-level metrics in perspective and BEV space as well as the novel behavior-based performance measure. All data and annotations are made publicly available on the KITTI online evaluation website in order to serve as a common benchmark for road terrain detection algorithms.
Cloning of gene cluster for sarcotoxin I, antibacterial proteins of <i>Sarcophaga peregrina</i> (1989)

A genomic clone of sarcotoxin I was isolated. This clone contained four genes of structurally related proteins belonging to the sarcotoxin I family present in tandem array. One of these genes was sequenced and found to be the sarcotoxin IB gene. This gene contained a single intron of 95 bases.
Sigma-delta modulators operating at a limit cycle (2006)

A new type of sigma-delta modulator that operates in a special mode named limit-cycle mode (LCM) is proposed. In this mode, most of the SDM building blocks operate at a frequency that is an integer fraction of the applied sampling frequency. That brings several very attractive advantages: a reduction of the required power consumption per converted bandwidth, an immunity to excessive loop delays and to digital-analog converter waveform asymmetry and a higher tolerance to clock imperfections. The LCMs are studied via a graphical application of the describing function theory. A second-order continuous time SDM with 5 MHz conversion bandwidth, 1 GHz sampling frequency and 125 MHz limit-cycle frequency is used as a test case for the evaluation of the performance of the proposed type of modulators. High level and transistor simulations are presented and compared with the traditional SDM designs.
Infrared broadband metasurface absorber for reducing the thermal mass of a microbolometer (2017)

We demonstrate an infrared broadband metasurface absorber that is suitable for increasing the response speed of a microbolometer by reducing its thermal mass. A large fraction of holes are made in a periodic pattern on a thin lossy metal layer characterised with a non-dispersive effective surface impedance. This can be used as a non-resonant metasurface that can be integrated with a Salisbury screen absorber to construct an absorbing membrane for a microbolometer that can significantly reduce the thermal mass while maintaining high infrared broadband absorption in the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) band. The non-dispersive effective surface impedance can be matched to the free space by optimising the surface resistance of the thin lossy metal layer depending on the size of the patterned holes by using a dc approximation method. In experiments a high broadband absorption was maintained even when the fill factor of the absorbing area was reduced to 28% (hole area: 72%), and it was theoretically maintained even when the fill factor of the absorbing area was reduced to 19% (hole area: 81%). Therefore, a metasurface with a non-dispersive effective surface impedance is a promising solution for reducing the thermal mass of infrared microbolometer pixels.
Vaginopathic and proteolytic Candida species in outpatients attending a gynaecology clinic. (1991)

Non-pregnant, non-diabetic outpatients were examined for the presence of pathogenic vaginal yeasts to determine if a correlation existed between a specific yeast and clinical disease. Yeasts were isolated as single vaginal species from 186 of 228 subjects with clinically diagnosed candidal vaginitis, as well as from 122 out of 380 asymptomatic, age-matched controls. Apart from Candida albicans and C glabrata, other prevalent species were C krusei, C parapsilosis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae which accounted for 9.2%, 6.0% and 5.4%, and 9.0%, 2.4% and 19.7%, of yeasts from patients and carriers, respectively. Only C albicans and C parapsilosis were significantly more common in those with vaginitis. Only the isolates of these two species secreted aspartyl proteinase in vitro, and the amount of the enzymes secreted by the isolates from patients was significantly higher than that secreted by the isolates from carriers. These two species consistently produced vaginal infection in pseudoestrus rats, whereas none of the non-proteolytic species tested (C glabrata, C krusei, and S cerevisiae) colonised the vagina in these rats. Proteinase secretion correlated with experimental vaginal infection; it could also be a reliable factor for distinguishing clinically active infection from asymptomatic fungal carriage.
Chemokine and matrix metalloproteinase secretion by myelin proteolipid protein-specific CD8+ T cells: potential roles in inflammation (1997)

The demyelination process that occurs in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is, in part, due to an inflammatory response in which CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and macrophages infiltrate white matter. Although many studies have characterized myelin protein-specific CD4+ T cells, we have demonstrated that CD8+ CTL specific for myelin peptides can be identified. In the present study, the potential roles of these CD8+ CTL in the generation of the inflammatory responses associated with MS have been investigated by measuring the capacity of these T cells to secrete the following proinflammatory chemokines: macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and MIP-1beta, lymphocyte chemoattractant factor (IL-16), IFN-inducible protein-10, as well as the proinflammatory enzymes of the matrix metalloproteinase family. The CD8+ CTL lines tested are derived from MS patients and are specific for two different myelin proteolipid protein-derived peptides presented by HLA-A2 and HLA-A3. All of the 17 CD8+ CTL lines secreted detectable amounts of MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta. Nine of twelve CTL lines tested secreted IL-16, 10 of 12 lines tested secreted IFN-inducible protein-10, and 14 of 16 lines tested secreted matrix metalloproteinase-9. Collectively, these results indicate that myelin proteolipid protein peptide-specific CD8+ CTL may be an important source of proinflammatory soluble mediators that could promote and mediate the inflammatory response in MS demyelination.
Association between Rectal Optical Signatures and Colonic Neoplasia: Potential Applications for Screening (2009)

Field carcinogenesis detection represents a promising means for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, although current techniques (e.g., flexible sigmoidoscopy) lack the requisite sensitivity. The novel optical technology low-coherence enhanced backscattering (LEBS) spectroscopy, allows identification of microscale architectural consequences of the field carcinogenesis in preclinical CRC models with unprecedented accuracy. To investigate the potential clinical translatability of this approach, we obtained biopsies from the normal-appearing rectal mucosa from patients undergoing colonoscopy (n = 219). LEBS signals were recorded through a bench-top instrument. Four parameters characterizing LEBS signal were linearly combined into a single marker. We found that LEBS signal parameters generally mirrored neoplasia progression from patients with no neoplasia, to 5 to 9 mm adenoma and to advanced adenomas. The composite LEBS marker calculated from the LEBS signal paralleled this risk status (ANOVA P < 0.001). Moreover, this was independent of CRC risk factors, benign colonic findings, or clinically unimportant lesions (diminutive adenomas, hyperplastic polyps). For advanced adenomas, the LEBS marker had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 80%, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.895. Leave-one-out cross-validation and an independent data set (n = 51) supported the robustness of these findings. In conclusion, we provide the first demonstration that LEBS-detectable alterations in the endoscopically normal rectum were associated with the presence of neoplasia located elsewhere in the colon. This study provides the proof of concept that rectal LEBS analysis may potentially provide a minimally intrusive CRC screening technique. Further studies with an endoscopically compatible fiber optic probe are under way for multicenter clinical validation.
Pyrolysis of Tire Rubber:  Porosity and Adsorption Characteristics of the Pyrolytic Chars (1998)

Tire rubber has been pyrolyzed at various temperatures under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting chars have been analyzed for their porosity using nitrogen gas adsorption and for their aqueous adsorption characteristics using phenol, methylene blue, and the reactive dyes Procion Turquoise H-A and Procion Red H-E3B. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were modeled to the BET and Dubinin−Astakhov (DA) equations to determine effective surface areas, mesopore volumes, and micropore volumes. Results showed that pyrolysis of tire rubber was essentially complete at 500 °C and resulted in a char yield of approximately 42 wt %. Pyrolytic chars exhibited BET surface areas up to 85 m2/g and micropore volumes up to 0.04 mL/g. Owing to their poorly developed micropore structure, the pyrolytic chars exhibited limited aqueous adsorption capacity for compounds of small molecular weight, such as phenol. However, the chars possessed significantly greater adsorption capacity for species of large molecular weight which was attributed to the presence of large mesopore volumes (up to 0.19 mL/g).
Development and Biologic Properties of Malignant Cell Sublines and Clones of a Spontaneously Metastasizing Rat Mammary Adenocarcinoma<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3">3</xref> (1982)

With the use of the rat 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma tumor, an animal model for spontaneous mammary tumor metastasis was developed. The parental tumor implanted sc into the mammary fat pads of female Fischer 344 rats metastasized at low frequency to lymph nodes and lung and did not metastasize to other organs. Oophorectomy did not modify the metastatic properties of the parental 13762 tumor. Cell lines were adapted to tissue culture from lymph node or lung metastases, and these were compared to parental tumor transplants in spontaneous metastasis assays. Only the cell lines established from metastases were spontaneously metastatic within 23 days after sc implantation, indicating that tumor cell populations from metastases are more metastatic than are cells from the parental tumor. Several individual parental tumor-derived and lung metastasis-derived clones were compared for spontaneous metastatic potentials, cell culture morphologies, histologic structures at primary implant and secondary metastatic sites, and growth characteristics in vivo and in vitro. There was no correlation between any of these tumor and cellular properties and metastatic potential. The parental mammary tumor-derived, lymph node metastasis-derived, and lung metastasis-derived cell lines and clones with differing spontaneous metastatic properties should prove useful in studies on the roles of tumor cell and host properties in lymphatic and blood-borne metastasis.
Oscillation Mechanics of the Respiratory System: Applications to Lung Disease (2011)

Since its introduction in the 1950s, the forced oscillation technique (FOT) and the measurement of respiratory impedance have evolved into powerful tools for the assessment of various mechanical phenomena in the mammalian lung during health and disease. In this review, we highlight the most recent developments in instrumentation, signal processing, and modeling relevant to FOT measurements. We demonstrate how FOT provides unparalleled information on the mechanical status of the respiratory system compared to more widely used pulmonary function tests. The concept of mechanical impedance is reviewed, as well as the various measurement techniques used to acquire such data. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of lower, physiologic frequency ranges (typically less than 10 Hz) that are most sensitive to normal physical processes as well as pathologic structural alterations. Various inverse modeling approaches used to interpret alterations in impedance are also discussed, specifically in the context of three common respiratory diseases: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute lung injury. Finally, we speculate on the potential role for FOT in the clinical arena.
Phase matching for large-scale frequency upconversion in plasma (1993)

We consider phase matching in the generation of very short-wavelength coherent radiation by nonlinear frequency upconversion in plasma and suggest some ways to improve phase matching in high-order harmonic generation. We obtain what are to our knowledge the first simple analytical expressions for a phase-matching factor in multiphoton mixing of an arbitrary order and demonstrate theoretically that high-order difference-frequency mixing in plasma could be, owing to its potential for phase-matching optimization, a more promising method of large-scale frequency upconversion than high-order harmonic generation.