gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic layer deposition of B2O3/SiO2 thin films and their application in an efficient diffusion doping process (2014)

We investigated atomic layer deposition (ALD) of B2O3 and SiO2 thin films using trimethylborate (TMB) and bis-(diethylamino)silane (SAM-24) precursors, focusing on growth characteristics and film properties. For both cases, ALD processes using O3 and O2 plasma as reactants exhibited well-defined growth saturation and linear growth behavior without any incubation cycles, and produced highly pure, stoichiometric films. In the case of B2O3 films, however, SiO2 layer passivation is required onto the B2O3 due to a spontaneous decomposition caused by moisture in air. On the basis of electrical characterization, the detailed dielectric properties of SiO2 and B2O3/passivation SiO2 films were extensively discussed including the k-value, flat band voltage, and leakage currents. Then, boron-doped SiO2 films with different B/(B + Si) compositions were prepared by controlling B2O3 and SiO2 growth cycles, followed by drive-in annealing and a subsequent wet removal process. Based on both theoretical estimation and SIMS depth profile results, we demonstrated that the surface doping concentration is effectively modulated with controllable B doping contents in the B-doped SiO2 films.
COMMUNICATION VIA SEISMIC WAVES, (1963)

The design and performance of experimental seismic transducers are discussed. The significance of the results of experiments with these transducers for seismic communication, active seismic surveillance, and geological research is emphasized. (Author)
Électrostatique non fondée sur les lois de coulomb. Forces agissant sur les diélectriques non électrisés (1896)

Pas de Résumé disponible
A containerized media cloud for video transcoding service (2018)

Videos transmitted on the Internet need multiple versions due to the variety of needs from users. Video providers need to transcode an original video into different formats, with different bitrates and resolutions to satisfy those needs. To meet such demands, we design and implement a novel lightweight containerized media cloud for video transcoding service in this paper. We show the high efficiency, robustness, scalability and portability of our system.
Chemistry of Pentacoordinate [LCuII-Cl]+ Complexes with Quinolyl Containing Tripodal Tetradentate Ligands L (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Pentacoordinate [LCuII-Cl]+ Complexes with Quinolyl Containing Tripodal Tetradentate Ligands LNing Wei, Narasimha N. Murthy, and Kenneth D. KarlinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 26, 6093–6100Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00104a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views686Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Use of Artificial Neural Network in Pattern Recognition (2010)

The physical properties of polymers are significantly affected by relaxation processes. Recently, we reported that poly(diethyl fumarate) (PDEF) shows two thermal anomalies on DSC measurement, despite the fact that it is a homopolymer. We attribute these two relaxations <i>α</i> relaxation and <i>β</i> relaxation, respectively. In this study, we investigate the two relaxations of fumarate-containing polymers by DSC, solid-state NMR, and X-ray scattering. The two relaxations are present even in a copolymer of diethyl fumarate and ethyl acrylate with fumarate segments of 30%. We used poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a model polymer for comparison, since there are detailed investigations of its dynamics and physical properties. Solid-state NMR indicates that the very local relaxation of poly(fumarate)s is not significantly different from that of PMMA. The tensile test showed that PDEF is still brittle at above <i>β</i> relaxation temperature and below <i>α</i> relaxation temperature. It was revealed that a structural anisotropy appeared when PDEF was extended at around <i>α</i> relaxation temperature. We discuss the effect of the glassy packing of the rigid polymer chain including the DEF segments on the strong <i>β</i> relaxation behavior. Our data provide insight into the microscopic mechanism of <i>β</i> relaxation of vinyl polymers.
HIV lipodystrophy etiology and pathogenesis. Body composition and metabolic alterations: etiology and pathogenesis. (2003)

The results of epidemiologic investigations have clearly indicated that the development of lipodystrophy is multifactorial. Factors related to HIV infection, hormonal influences, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytokine activation related to immune reconstitution, and individual genetic predisposition all have been hypothesized as etiologic. Recent studies suggest that immune dysregulation rather than HIV infection per se may be the predominant factor in the development of lipodystrophy.
Ion implant related trends in devices and process engineering (2002)

This paper explores the trends for implant technology driven by the scaling of devices to smaller geometries. The progression conforms to the 1994 Silicon Industry Association (SIA) roadmap projections. The discussion moves from device structure to process constraints to implant tool requirements.
The use of gene fusions to protein A and protein G in immunology and biotechnology. (1997)

This review describes the use of fusion proteins containing the immunoglobulin-binding domains of staphylococcal protein A (SpA) or the serum albumin-binding regions of streptococcal protein G (SpG), respectively, for various applications in immunology and biotechnology. The review will not cover the use of SpA and SpG for the purpose of immunoglobulin purification, but instead focus on other applications. Hundreds of SpA/SpG fusion proteins have been described in publications in the context of recombinant protein production, in a wide variety of host cells, with subsequent affinity purification of the gene product. However, this still constitutes just one area of their use. We will thus cover also other aspects of using SpA and SpG, including strategies to: (i) improve in vitro renaturation schemes for expressed gene products, (ii) enable affinity-assisted folding in vivo of target proteins, (iii) improve the stability to proteolysis of produced recombinant proteins, (iv) prolong the in vivo half-life of therapeutic proteins, (v) facilitate subunit vaccine development and functional cDNA analysis, (vi) select novel receptor variants with new specificities by the use of phage display technology.
The ensemble Kalman filter for combined state and parameter estimation (2009)

This article provides a fundamental theoretical basis for understanding EnKF and serves as a useful text for future users. Data assimilation and parameter-estimation problems are explained, and the concept of joint parameter and state estimation, which can be solved using ensemble methods, is presented. KF and EKF are briefly discussed before introducing and deriving EnKF. Similarities and differences between KF and EnKF are pointed out. The benefits of using EnKF with high-dimensional and highly nonlinear dynamical models are illustrated by examples. EnKF and EnKS are also derived from Bayes theorem, using a probabilistic approach. The derivation is based on the assumption that measurement errors are independent in time and the model represents a Markov process, which allows for Bayes theorem to be written in a recursive form, where measurements are processed sequentially in time. The practical implementation of the analysis scheme isdiscussed, and it is shown that it can be computed efficiently in the space spanned by the ensemble realizations. The square root scheme is discussed as an alternative method that avoids the perturbation of measurements. However, the square root scheme has other pitfalls, and it is recommended to use the symmetric square root with or without a random rotation. The random rotation introduces a stochastic component to the update, and the quality of the scheme may then not improve compared to the original stochastic EnKF scheme with perturbed measurements.
Magnetic Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application in the Delivery of FITC Into KG-1 Cells (2012)

In this article, we report a new method-a sonication method to disperse iron oxide nanoparticles into smaller nanoparticles and make gold ions absorb onto the surface or trapped in the micropores of the iron oxide nanoparticles using sonication action. By using quick reduction of ascorbic acid and post-HCI solution treatment, gold covered magnetic nanoparticles (mGNPs) with spherical morphology and uniform size were synthesized in a water solution. The size of the mGNPs was found to be 20-30 nm. Some ideal mGNPs possessed a core-shell structure. The mGNPs were non-cytotoxic and mGNP-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) can enter KG-1 cells when driven by an external magnetic force, which was confirmed by confocal imaging. The confocal image also showed the FITC inside the KG-1 cells was near the nucleus. The fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) delivery efficiency is about 100% according to the flow cytometry results.
Machine Learning for Object Labelling (2018)

Identification of objects from an image using machine learning is an emerging research topic. It is known to the scientific community that the labelling of objects by human intelligence in the current scenario of high volume data consumes a large amount of time and produces an error of 5% as observed in the case of ImageNet. In this regard, machine learning methods have become more popular and effective as they produce better results. However, the performance of different machine learning methods vary while identifying objects from images. To address this fact, an object labelling problem has been formulated by considering the images that contain objects of 10 different classes either in the form of solid, hollow and mixed. In order to label the objects in such three types of images, two different approaches are followed. First, a training dataset is created of size 240 samples where 24 samples are present in each of the 10 classes. Here each class contains equal number of solid and hollow objects. In the second approach, entropy is used to reduce the number of samples in the training dataset needed to achieve similar performance as obtained in the first approach. Thereafter, both the training datasets are applied separately to the seven well-known machine learning methods and one classical method to obtain the final results on three test images. The performance of the methods is demonstrated in terms of accuracy as well as by providing annotated objects in images. A software named ObLab2018 has also been developed to annotate the objects from images. The software and the datasets are provided online at http://www.nitttrkol.ac.in/indrajit/projects/ObLab2018/.
A Portable Visual Adaptometer (1941)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text George Wald, "A Portable Visual Adaptometer," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 31, 235-238 (1941) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
DNA Binding through Distinct Domains of Zinc‐Finger‐Homeodomain Protein AREB6 has Different Effects on Gene Transcription (1995)

Transcription factor AREB6 has a unique structure composed of two zinc-finger clusters in N- and C-terminal regions, and one homeodomain in the middle. AREB6 has been known to regulate the expression of the Na, K-ATPase alpha 1 subunit, interleukin 2 and delta-crystallin genes. We determined the optimal binding sites for the N-terminal zinc-finger cluster as GTCACCTGT or TGCACCTGT and for the C-terminal zinc-finger cluster as C/TACCTG/TT by the CASTing method (cyclic amplification and selection of targets). The additional consensus sequence GTTTC/G, in conjunction with the CACCTGT sequence, was selected by the second CASTing for the entire coding region. The N-terminal zinc-finger cluster binds to DNA strongly when the DNA has GTTTC/G in conjunction with the CACCTGT sequence. The homeodomain had no specific DNA binding activity but was found to interact with the N-terminal zinc-finger cluster. Analyses of zinc-finger mutation proteins revealed that the contribution to DNA binding of each N-terminal zinc-finger motif is altered depending on the presence of the additional consensus. Transient transfection assays showed that AREB6 repressed the human 70-kDa heat-shock gene promoter harboring the CACCTGT sequence together with the additional consensus, and that AREB6 activated the promoter harboring the CACCTGT sequence without the additional consensus. These results suggest that AREB6 has multiple conformational states, leading to positive and negative regulations of gene transcription.
An Optimal Medium Supplementation Regimen for Initiation of Hepatocyte Differentiation in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2015)

Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells are an ideal source for hepatocytes. Glucose and arginine are necessary for cells to survive. Hepatocytes have galactokinase (GALK), which metabolizes galactose for gluconeogenesis, and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), which converts ornithine to arginine in the urea cycle. Hepatocyte selection medium (HSM) lacks both glucose and arginine, but contains galactose and ornithine. Although human primary hepatocytes survive in HSM, all the hiPS cells die in 3 days. The aim of this study was to modify HSM so as to initiate hepatocyte differentiation in hiPS cells within 2 days. Hepatocyte differentiation initiating medium (HDI) was prepared by adding oncostatin M (10 ng/ml), hepatocyte functional proliferation inducer (10 nM), 2,2'-methylenebis (1,3-cyclohexanedione) (M50054) (100 μg/ml), 1× non-essential amino acid, 1× sodium pyruvate, nicotinamide (1.2 mg/ml), L-proline (30 ng/ml), and L-glutamine (0.3 mg/ml) to HSM. HiPS cells (201B7 cells) were cultured in HDI for 2 days. RNA was isolated, used as template for cDNA, and subjected to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Alpha-fetoprotein, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and delta-like 1 were upregulated. Expression of albumin was not observed. Expression of transcription factors specific to hepatocytes was upregulated. The expression of GALK2, OTC, and CYP3A4 were increased. In conclusion, differentiation of 201B7 cells to hepatoblast-like cells was initiated in HDI. Limitations were small number of cells were obtained, and the cells with HDI were not mature hepatocytes.
Missed lung cancer: when, where, and why? (2017)

Missed lung cancer is a source of concern among radiologists and an important medicolegal challenge. In 90% of the cases, errors in diagnosis of lung cancer occur on chest radiographs. It may be challenging for radiologists to distinguish a lung lesion from bones, pulmonary vessels, mediastinal structures, and other complex anatomical structures on chest radiographs. Nevertheless, lung cancer can also be overlooked on computed tomography (CT) scans, regardless of the context, either if a clinical or radiologic suspect exists or for other reasons. Awareness of the possible causes of overlooking a pulmonary lesion can give radiologists a chance to reduce the occurrence of this eventuality. Various factors contribute to a misdiagnosis of lung cancer on chest radiographs and on CT, often very similar in nature to each other. Observer error is the most significant one and comprises scanning error, recognition error, decision-making error, and satisfaction of search. Tumor characteristics such as lesion size, conspicuity, and location are also crucial in this context. Even technical aspects can contribute to the probability of skipping lung cancer, including image quality and patient positioning and movement. Albeit it is hard to remove missed lung cancer completely, strategies to reduce observer error and methods to improve technique and automated detection may be valuable in reducing its likelihood.
Critical temperature and heating time for coagulation damage: Implications for interstitial laser coagulation (ilc) of tumors (1999)

The temperature range resulting in sufficient tissue coagulation for cell death is between 50 degrees C and 60 degrees C for a short duration (<3 minutes). These data can be used to achieve complete tumor destruction and minimal surrounding tissue damage during real-time MR-controlled ILC.
Blood Flow Steroid Secretion and Nutrient Uptake of the Gravid Bovine Uterus (1980)

An experiment was conducted with mature Hereford cows to quantitate blood flow, steroid secretion and nutrient uptake of the bovine uterus at various stages of gestation. Electromagnetic blood flow probes were placed around the middle uterine artery supplying the gravid horn at about 30 (n=5), 80 (n=4), 140 (n=4), 180 (n=4), 210 (n=5) and 240 (n=4) days postmating. In addition, indwelling catheters were placed in an artery and vein on the surface of the gravid horn. Beginning on the second day after surgery, blood flow was monitored daily for 15 minutes. Uterine arterial (A) and venous (V) blood samples were collected immediately after blood flow through the middle uterine artery was monitored. Plasma was obtained, frozen and later assayed for progesterone, estrone, estradiol, glucose, α-amino nitrogen, urea nitrogen and selected amino acids. Blood flow to the gravid horn (milliliters/minute) was 119 ± 18 (n=3), 205 (n=l), 1,966 ± 626 (n=3), 3,212 ± 428 (n=3), 3,896 ± 459 (n=3) and 3,155 ± 195 (n=3) at 31 to 45, 77 to 92, 139 to 155, 178 to 199, 202 to 224 and 230 to 258 days postmating, respectively. Progesterone in uterine arterial blood increased throughout pregnancy and averaged 1.44 ± .69, 2.57 ± .79, 4.31 ± .98, 5.77 ± 1.92, 6.57 ± .75 and 9.92 ± 1.04 ng/ml at 33, 83, 140, 182, 207 and 245 days postmating. Estradiol in arterial blood averaged 20.8 ± 10.0, 59.4 ± 40.5, 802.9 ± 484.1, 45.0 ± 7.2, 60.5 ± 18.9 and 65.6 ± 11.4 pg/ml on the same respective days post-mating. No A-V differences were observed in concentrations of progesterone or estradiol on any of the days examined. Plasma estrone followed a pattern silimar to that of estradiol, but uterine V concentrations were higher than A concentrations. These results indicated a nonuterine source of progesterone and estradiol but suggested that estrone was produced by tissue within the gravid uterus. The A-V difference in glucose, α-amino nitrogen and urea nitrogen did not change with days postmating. The mean A-V difference (n=20) for these metabolites was 5.6 ± .5, .72 ± .15 and −.37 ± .09 mg/ml respectively. The A-V difference of specific amino acids did not change with days postmating. These results suggest that the increased nutrient uptake by the bovine uterus during the course of gestation was a result of increased blood flow to the uterus.
Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly for Constructing a Graphene/Platinum Nanoparticle Three-Dimensional Hybrid Nanostructure Using Ionic Liquid as a Linker (2010)

In this report, we succeed in constructing a hybrid three-dimensional (3D) nanocomposite film by alternatively assembling the graphene nanosheets modified by ionic liquid (IL) and Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs). In this strategy, an imidazolium salt-based ionic liquid (IS-IL)-functionalized graphene was synthesized by covalently binding 1-(3-aminopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium bromide onto graphene nanosheets. The introduction of IS-IL on the surface of graphene nanosheets can obtain dispersed graphene nanosheets with positive charge. Also, the desired functionalization of graphene can form the building blocks for constructing hybrid 3D nanocomposite film. Then, the positively charged IS-IL-functionalized graphene nanosheets are strong enough to drive the formation of the 3D nanomaterials with negatively charged citrate-stabilized Pt NPs through electrostatic interaction. As far as we know, the reports on the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly of G-IS-IL and nanoparticle multilayer films are few at the moment. UV-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the uniform growth of the multilayer film. The newly prepared 3D nanomaterials containing G-IS-IL and Pt NPs show high electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic activity of the films could be further tailored by simply choosing different cycles in the LBL process. This demonstration offers a new route to assemble graphene/nanoparticle multilayer films and opens up the possibility of building more complex multicomponent nanostructures, which are believed to be useful for electrochemical nanodevices.
Ex Vivo Expansion of Stem Cells: Defining Optimum Conditions Using Various Cytokines (2006)

With the increasing information on the number, quality, and characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in umbilical cord and placental blood, this material has been found to be efficacious as an alternative source of HSC for transplantation in children. In this study, we sought to define the optimal conditions for ex vivo expansion of cord blood (CB) stem cells. These conditions include: the combinations and concentrations of hematopoietic growth factors (stem cell factor [SCF], granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], interleukin [IL]-3, thrombopoietin [Tpo], IL-6 and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand [Flt-3L]), the duration of culture, and the effect of serum supplementation. In this study, 2 protocols were applied for ex vivo expansion of CB stem cells. In protocol I, 20 CB samples were expanded in a static, serum-added, liquid culture for 7 and 11 days using 5 cytokine cocktails. In protocol II, 10 CB samples were expanded for 7 days using cytokines of cocktail 1, with and without IL-6 and Flt-3L, in serum-added and serum-free culture media. This protocol was intended to verify the effect of IL-6, Flt-3L, and the role of serum supplementation in short-term liquid culture. From the present study, it can be concluded that cocktail 1 is the cocktail of choice for ex vivo expansion of CB stem cells in serum-free, liquid culture expanded for 7 days. We can also conclude that culture expanded for 7 days is better than 11 days, as the fold expansion of CD34+ cells was not significantly increased or even decreased in some of the cocktails used. Moreover, the percent of CD95+ cells (apoptotic cells) was significantly increased on day 11 compared to day 7 in the cocktails tested.