gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4703: Lack of expression of argininosuccinate synthetase in human cancer tissue: A biomarker for sensitivity to arginine depletion with pegylated arginine deiminase (2010)

Abstract There is increasing awareness of metabolic abnormalities in cancer that can be exploited with new forms of treatment. In addition, there is a need for biomarkers that would help select such tumors for targeted therapies. One such metabolic abnormality is the requirement of arginine for growth by certain cancers. These cancers lack expression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), the rate limiting step in the metabolism of citrulline to arginine in the Krebs urea cycle, and must obtain arginine from the circulation. It has previously been shown that hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic melanoma have a high frequency of lack of expression of ASS. As a result, these cancers are susceptible to arginine deprivation with pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20) both in pre-clinical models and in phase 2 clinical trials. Similar lack of ASS expression in human tissue samples and sensitivity to arginine depletion with ADI-PEG 20 in pre-clinical models have been found in a high percentage of pancreatic, prostate, and platinum-resistant ovarian cancers. In order to explore potential other cancers that may lack ASS expression we have examined breast, lung and gastric cancer microarray samples for ASS expression by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicated that 46/111 (41.4%) breast carcinoma, 28/90 (31.1%) lung carcinoma and 68/121 (56.2%) gastric cancer were ASS negative. To explore this further, a panel of 40 ATCC tumor cell lines representing 12 different human cancer types were screened for ADI-PEG 20 induced growth inhibition using the MTS assay. Significant inhibition of proliferation in a dose dependent manner after 48 hours of ADI-PEG 20 treatment was found in 19 out of 40 tumor cell lines screened, including breast, lung, gastric, sarcoma, ovarian, prostate and pancreatic carcinomas and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Lack of ASS expression in those responding cell lines were confirmed by Western blot. These findings suggest that ASS may serve as a biomarker for targeted therapy with ADI-PEG 20. Since a high percentage of patients with breast, lung or gastric cancer lack expression of ASS, these tumors may be sensitive to arginine depletion therapy. Clinical trials of ADI-PEG 20 in these cancers are being planned. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4703.
Exercise and Fluid Replacement (2013)

Water composes more than half the human body and is essential in the function of our cells. Temperature maintenance and circulation are but a few vital processes dependent on this important fluid. Thus, an appropriate fluid balance is important to our health and well-being.When we exercise, our body
Interference-free track vacancy detection (1989)

Shortly after the opening of the first railway lines, at the beginning of the last century, it became clear that 'rules of the line' needed to be laid down if passengers were to be transported safely and operational procedures conducted smartly. As human error could never be ruled out, safely equipment had to be developed. Here, the author shows that the purpose of track vacancy detection equipment is to determine the occupancy of sections by rail vehicles. Thereby, the interlocking is supplied with vital information. He argues that automatic track vacancy detection equipment is a prerequisition for automatic train control.
Using ontologies to capture and structure knowledge about disruptions in manufacturing systems: An immune driven approach (2011)

Artificial immune systems have recently been identified as a promising approach to assist decision makers in managing occurrences of unexpected disruptions in manufacturing systems. However, the design of such systems requires capturing and structuring knowledge related to disruptions. Such knowledge consists of manufacturing system specificities, control principles, disruption features, etc. Based on biological immune concepts, we design a generic ontology framework to capture this knowledge. This framework can be used as an initial basis to incorporate more specific disruption knowledge models in specific domain applications. An ontology implementation is proposed using the OWL language and Protégé ontology editor.
A hybrid intelligent messy genetic algorithm for daily generation scheduling in power system (2005)

Unit commitment (UC) is one of the most important optimization tasks of the daily generation scheduling in power system. However, getting the global optimal solution to meet all the constraints is a comparatively tough problem. The binary coding and stochastic operators in traditional genetic algorithm (GA) are not suitable for solving large-scale UC problem. In this paper, the hybrid intelligent messy genetic algorithm (HIMGA) is proposed to solve the problem due to the characteristics of the daily generation scheduling in power system. The proposed algorithm, using operation status of unit as the genotype and combining heuristic self-adapted intelligent operators, is not only very simple but it also reduces the scale of the UC problems, improves the diversity of evolution population, enhances the searching efficiency and develops the convergence of the algorithm. The simulation results prove the correctness and validity of the proposed method.
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering of Mixed Ionic Perfluoropolyether Micellar Solutions (2007)

Aqueous mixed micellar solutions of perfluoropolyether carboxylic salts with ammonium counterions have been studied by small-angle neutron scattering. Two surfactants differing in the tail length were mixed in proportions n2/n3 = 60/40 w/w, where n2 and n3 are the surfactants with two and three perfluoroisopropoxy units in the tail, respectively. The tails are chlorine-terminated. The mixed micellar solutions, in the concentration range 0.1-0.2 M and thermal interval 20-40 degrees C, show structural characteristics of the interfacial shell that are very similar to ammonium n2 micellar solutions previously investigated; thus, the physics of the interfacial region is dominated by the polar head and counterion. The shape and dimensions of the micelles are influenced by the presence of the n3 surfactant, whose chain length in the micelle is 2 A longer than that of the n2 surfactant. The n3 surfactant favors the ellipsoidal shape in the concentration range 0.1-0.2 M with a 1/2 ionization degree of n2 micelles. The very low surface charge of the mixed micelles is attributed to the increase in hydrophobic interactions between the surfactant tails, due to the longer n3 surfactant molecules in micelles. The closer packing of the tails decreases the micellar curvature and the repulsions between the polar heads, by surface charge neutralization of counterions migrating from the Gouy-Chapman diffuse layer, leading to micellar growth in ellipsoids with greater axial ratios.
An HF-Nickel-R3Al Catalyst System for Producing High Cis-1,4-Polybutadiene (1972)

Abstract A relatively new, high cis -1,4-polybutadiene and a novel trialkylaluminumnickel-HF catalyst system have been described. This polybutadiene is unique in that it possesses high tack and has exceptionally good processing qualities; the carbon black-loaded and cured rubber possesses good static and dynamic properties. The catalyst system is very effective for producing high molecular weight rubber, suitable for oil extension, and the molecular weight can be controlled by adjusting 1) HF to R 3 Al ratio, 2) total catalyst concentration and/or 3) polymerization temperature.
Field Dependence of the Intrinsic Domain Magnetization of a Ferromagnet (1940)

In this paper, the variation of the intrinsic domain magnetization of a ferromagnetic with the external magnetic field, is obtained. The basis of the treatment is the exchange interaction model amplified by explicit consideration of the dipole-dipole interaction between the atomic magnets. Approximations appropriate to low temperatures and equivalent to those used by Bloch in his derivation of the ${T}^{1}$ law, are introduced. The resultant expression for the intrinsic volume susceptibility decreases slowly with increasing field; at high fields the functional dependence is as the inverse square root of the field. The variation with temperature is linear; at room temperature and for fields of about 4000 gauss, the order of magnitude of the (volume) susceptibility is ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. The results are compared with experiment and satisfactory agreement is found.
Development of military lasers for optical countermeasures in the mid-IR (2009)

The utility of military mid-IR lasers, particularly in the area of countermeasures, is well understood and practical laser systems have been fielded which currently provide protection to a wide number of military platform types. Technical performance, efficiency and power for these lasers, has driven current production designs to utilise diode pumped solid state lasers (DPSSLs) with wavelength conversion through non-linear crystals. In this paper, we review the development of laser technologies which have potential to form the basis of the next generation of IRCM lasers, in particular, fibrepumped solid state lasers, optically pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSLs) and quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). Moreover, this review will focus on the relative merits of the technologies for engineering and productionisation of a military laser system, and address those issues most relevant for design and manufacture for the military environment. These include not only technical performance, power and efficiency, but also thermal management, mass, volume, cost and overall complexity for manufacture.
Hybrid Broadcast Encryption and Security Analysis. (2003)

A broadcast encryption scheme for stateless receivers is a data distribution method which never updates users&apos; secret information while in order to maintain the security the system efficiency decreases with the number of revoked users. Another method, a rekeying scheme is a data distribution approach where it revokes illegal users in an explicit and immediate way whereas it may cause inconvenience for users. A hybrid approach that appropriately combines these two types of mechanisms seems resulting in a good scheme. In this paper, we suggest such a hybrid framework by proposing a rekeying algorithm for subset cover broadcast encryption framework (for stateless receivers) due to Naor et al. Our rekeying algorithm can simultaneously revoke a number of users. As an important contribution, we formally prove that this hybrid framework has a pre-CCA like security, where in addition to pre-CCA power, the adversary is allowed to adaptively corrupt and revoke users. Finally, we realize the hybrid framework by two secure concrete schemes that are based on complete subtree method and Asano method, respectively.
The protein cofactor necessary for ADP-ribosylation of Gs by cholera toxin is itself a GTP binding protein. (1986)

A membrane-bound protein cofactor (ARF) is required for the cholera toxin-dependent ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory regulatory component (Gs) of adenylate cyclase. Improved methods for the purification of ARF from bovine brain are described. ARF has a high-affinity binding site for guanine nucleotides. Binding of GTP or GTP gamma S to ARF is necessary for the activity of the cofactor; GDP X ARF does not support ADP-ribosylation of Gs. Although the protein as purified contains stoichiometric amounts of GDP, GTPase activity of isolated ARF was not detected. Cholera toxin-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase thus requires two guanine nucleotide binding proteins.
An Improved Tracking Using IMU and Vision Fusion for Mobile Augmented Reality Applications (2014)

Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) is becoming an important cyber-physical system application given the ubiquitous availability of mobile phones. With the need to operate in unprepared environments, accurate and robust registration and tracking has become an important research problem to solve. In fact, when MAR is used for tele-interactive applications involving large distances, say from an accident site to insurance office, tracking at both the ends is desirable and further it is essential to appropriately fuse inertial and vision sensors' data. In this paper, we present results and discuss some insights gained in marker-less tracking during the development of a prototype pertaining to an example use case related to breakdown/damage assessment of a vehicle. The novelty of this paper is in bringing together different components and modules with appropriate enhancements towards a complete working system.
Opto-Magnetic Method for Epstein - Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus Detection in Blood Plasma Samples (2010)

Motivated by characterization of paramagnetic materials (Al, Mn and Ti) and diamagnetic materials (Cu, C and Zn) by opto-magnetic method that is based on light-matter interaction using digital imaging, we present results of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) detection in blood plasma. To investigate light-blood plasma interaction we use wavelength difference of diffuse white light and reflected polarized light in red and blue channels of digital images (opto-magnetic method). Digital images of samples are analyzed by spectral convolution algorithm for light-matter interaction analysis. Since opto-magnetic method can detect very small difference between normal and pathological tissue states it is advantageous in comparison with classical methods. Especially it is important for early detection of suspicious tissue states and detection of viral infection presence in plasma. We compared our results with results of standard biomedical test for EBV and CVM, as a reference, and found out for group of 40 samples significant correlation of 93. 6%.
Mijn kerkhof: Net wel en net niet (2017)

Lezersverhaal.
A Comprehensive Overview of the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Clobazam (2018)

Clobazam (CLB) is a 1,5-benzodiazepine that has been widely used as an anxiolytic and antiseizure drug (ASD) since it was first synthesized over 50 years ago. CLB was approved in the United States in 2011 as adjunctive therapy for seizures in patients ≥2 years old with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. CLB pharmacokinetics (PK) have been studied in single- and multiple-dose administrations in healthy subjects. Salient features include high bioavailability, linear PK, and negligible effects from coadministration of other ASDs. CLB is highly and extensively absorbed, with little effect from food; time to maximum plasma concentration is 0.5 to 4 hours following the dose. After CLB doses of 20 to 40 mg/day, the volume of distribution is 99 to 120 L, with oral clearance ranging from 1.9 to 2.3 L/h. CLB is lipophilic and distributes throughout the body after oral administration. It is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes CYP3A, CYP2C19, and CYP2B6, and its main active metabolite is N-desmethylclobazam. The half-life of CLB after a single oral dose ranges from 36 to 42 hours; the half-life of N-desmethylclobazam ranges from 59 to 74 hours. The metabolites of CLB are primarily excreted renally. Population PK modeling using data from healthy subjects and patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome indicates that race, sex, age, weight, and renal function do not influence CLB PK. As CLB has been extensively studied since the 1970s, this review is meant to provide a consolidated and comprehensive resource on CLB PK for both prescribers and scientists alike.
Me, Myself and My Killfie: Characterizing and Preventing Selfie Deaths (2016)

Over the past couple of years, clicking and posting selfies has become a popular trend. However, since March 2014, 127 people have died and many have been injured while trying to click a selfie. Researchers have studied selfies for understanding the psychology of the authors, and understanding its effect on social media platforms. In this work, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the selfie-related casualties and infer various reasons behind these deaths. We use inferences from incidents and from our understanding of the features, we create a system to make people more aware of the dangerous situations in which these selfies are taken. We use a combination of text-based, image-based and location-based features to classify a particular selfie as dangerous or not. Our method ran on 3,155 annotated selfies collected on Twitter gave 73% accuracy. Individually the image-based features were the most informative for the prediction task. The combination of image-based and location-based features resulted in the best accuracy. We have made our code and dataset available at http://labs.precog.iiitd.edu.in/killfie.
The computational eye (1996)

Specialized cells in the eye work in parallel for unequaled image processing and computation. Millionfold swings in light intensity from the outside world, transformed to electrical signals, are processed in space and time for contrast and edge enhancement, as well as to detect motion.
Elements of Wireless Power Transfer Essential to High Power Charging of Heavy Duty Vehicles (2015)

Scaling wireless charging to power levels suitable for heavy duty passenger vehicles and mass transit bus requires indepth assessment of wireless power transfer (WPT) architectures, component sizing and stress, package size, electrical insulation requirements, parasitic loss elements, and cost minimization. It is demonstrated through an architecture comparison that the voltage rating of the power inverter semiconductors will be higher for inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) than for a more conventional Series-Parallel (S-P) tuning. Higher voltage at the source inverter dc bus facilitates better utilization of the semiconductors, hence lower cost. Electrical and thermal stress factors of the passive components are explored, in particular the compensating capacitors and coupling coils. Experimental results are presented for a prototype, precommercial, 10 kW wireless charger designed for heavy duty (HD) vehicle application. Results are in good agreement with theory and validate a design that minimizes component stress.
야생조류가 선호하는 식생 층위에 대한 연구 (2015)

야생조류가 선호하는 식생구조와 행동 패턴을 알아보기 위하여 2006년 2월부터 2011년 11월까지 매월 1회씩(총65회) 서울에 위치한 진관동생태경관보전지역을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 통과조류를 제외하고 총 85종의 야생조류를 관찰하였다. 연도별 출현종수는 2006년에 48종, 2007년 52종, 2008년 56종, 2009년 61종, 2010년 57종, 2011년 53종으로 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 이동형을 보면, 텃새가 35종으로 가장 많았으며, 여름철새 23종, 나그네새 14종, 겨울철새 13종이었다. 출현빈도는 까치, 직박구리, 멧비둘기, 붉은머리오목눈이, 박새가 90% 이상의 출현율을 보였으며, 쇠박새와 큰부리까마귀는 80%이상, 쇠딱다구리와 노랑턱멧새는 70% 이상의 출현율을 보였다. 85종의 야생조류 중 출현횟수가 20회 이상(출현율 30%이상)인 야생조류를 대상으로 행동분석을 실시하였다. 행동은 채이, 휴식, 이동, 소리, 번식(행동)으로 구분하였으며 각행동을 하는 이용대상에 대하여 식물명, 인공물, 흙, 고사목등으로 구분하여 구체적으로 기록하였다. 조류가 식물체를 활용하거나 지상을 활용할 경우에 교목층, 아교목층, 관목층, 초본층으로 구분하여 주된 활동공간을 기록하였다. 진관동생태경관보전지역에 출현한 야생조류는 겨울철에 채이활동이 가장 활발하였고, 가을, 봄, 여름 순이었다. 여름철에는 상대적으로 이동하거나 소리를 내는 행동이 많았다. 채이활동을 하는 경우, 이용하는 층위를 분석한 결과, 초본층을 이용하는 경우가 가장 많았다. 계절별로 분석한 결과, 겨울철 먹이활동의 약 90%가 초본층에서 이루어지고 있었다. 봄과 가을도 비교적 초본층에서의 먹이활동이 많았으며(약 70%), 여름철의 경우 초본층에서 먹이활동율은 약 50% 정도로 비교적 낮은 비율을 보였다. 여름철에는 다른 계절과 달리 아교목층에서의 먹이활동이 많았다. 종별 행동특성을 분석한 결과, 박새는 여름철에 채이 활동이 가장 활발하였고, 가을, 겨울, 봄 순이었다. 여름철에는 상대적으로 이동하는 개체가 적었으며, 겨울과 봄에는 이동하는 개체가 많았다. 채이 활동을 하는 경우 이용하는 층위를 분석한 결과, 가을과 여름에는 아교목층 이용 비율이 높았으며, 봄과 겨울에는 초본층을 주로 이용하였다. 또한 여름과 가을에는 관목층 이용 비율이 높은 편이었으며, 봄과가을에는 아교목층 이용 비율이 높았다. 쇠박새는 여름, 가을, 겨울에 채이 활동이 활발하였고 봄철에는 상대적으로 채이활동이 적었다. 봄철에는 다른 계절에 비하여 이동을 하거나 소리를 내는 개체가 많았다. 채이활동의 층위를 분석한 결과, 가을과 겨울철에는 초본층 이용이 가장 많았으며, 여름철에는 아교목층, 봄철에는 관목층 이용비율이 높았다. 곤줄박이는 사계절 동안 채이활동이 활발하였고, 봄철과 가을철에 상대적으로 적은 채이 비율을 보였다. 채이활동의 층위는 교목층, 아교목층, 초본층을 계절별로 고르게 이용하는 것으로 나타났으며 관목층의 이용비율은 상대적으로 낮았다. 특히 봄철에는 교목층을 선호하였고, 여름과 겨울철에는 초본층, 가을철에는 아교목층을 선호하였다. 진박새는 여름과 가을철에 대부분의 시간을 채이에 활용하였다. 겨울철에는 채이, 이동, 목욕, 물먹기 등 비교적 다양한 행동이 관찰되었으나 봄, 여름, 가을은 단순한 행동패턴을 보였다. 채이활동의 층위는 봄과 가을에 아교목층만을 이용하였으며, 여름이나 겨울철에도 아교목층을 이용하는 비율이 높았다. 겨울철에는 아교목층 이외에 교목층, 관목층, 초본층을 다양하게 이용하였으며, 특히 관목층과 초본층은 겨울철에만 이용하였다. 일반적으로 비슷한 습성을 가진 생물이 일정한 공간에서 공존한다면 그들은 현존지위의 분화와 같은 지위분화의 결과로 공존한다고 할 수 있다. 비슷한 습성을 가진 박새류4종의 채이 층위를 비교하여 보았다. 봄철의 경우, 초본층은 박새, 관목층은 쇠박새, 아교목층은 진박새, 교목층은 곤줄박이가 선호하여 봄철에 채이 공간 분화는 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 여름철의 경우, 대부분 아교목층을 선호하였으며, 교목층은 진박새, 초본층은 곤줄박이로 뚜렷한 공간 분화가 이루어졌고, 아교목층과 관목층은 박새, 쇠박새, 진박새, 곤줄박이의 상호 경쟁이 있는 것으로 보인다. 가을철의 경우, 초본층은 쇠박새, 아교목층은 진박새가 주된 채이 공간이었으나, 관목층과 교목층은 박새, 쇠박새, 곤줄박이의 경쟁이예측된다. 겨울철에는 박새, 쇠박새, 곤줄박이가 초본층을 선호하였으나 진박새는 아교목층을 주로 활용하여 차이를보였다.
Surfactants and Oil Adjuvants with Nicosulfuron (1995)

Nicosulfuron is used with surfactant or oil adjuvant to enhance postemergence efficacy. Yellow foxtail fresh weight reduction from nicosulfuron varied from 10 to 92% depending upon surfactant in greenhouse experiments. Oil adjuvants differed in enhancement of nicosulfuron phytotoxicity to yellow foxtail or large crabgrass with methylated canola oil being most effective, followed by vegetable oils, and petroleum mineral oil as least effective. Percentage and type of surfactant used as an emulsifier in an oil adjuvant was important to nicosulfuron phytotoxicity especially when applied with the less effective oils, but was of minimal importance when applied with methylated canola oil. Adjuvant effectiveness was directly related to nicosulfuron absorption. These data indicated that recommendations for adjuvants to maximize nicosulfuron phytotoxicity should be limited to specific products.
Food availability and offspring demand influence sex-specific patterns and repeatability of parental provisioning (2011)

Few studies have examined interactions between resource availability, life-history traits and sexual conflict on species-specific provisioning rates, and within-individual variation of parental care. To this end, we used 1129 nest observation periods from 118 nests across 4 populations to examine how parental nest visitation varied according to sex, food availability, and offspring need (brood size and age) in the stitchbird (hihi: Notiomystis cincta). Males increased their provisioning proportional to brood size regardless of food availability, whereas females did not increase provisioning to larger broods unless food supplemented. Male provisioning consistently followed the age-dependent energy requirements of the nestlings, whereas females showed little or no brood age–provisioning relationships. Thus, males were more sensitive than females to changes in the energy demands of their offspring; however, this was probably because females were already providing food at a high rate and could not respond to increased demand unless given additional food. Sex and habitat-specific repeatability estimates of parental effort suggest that variation in female provisioning behavior tends to be driven by differences in the local environment, whereas variation in male provisioning is more related to differences in individual quality. These sex-specific responses of parental care can be largely explained by the relative benefits of provisioning; females provisioned at a high rate to offspring they knew to be their own, based on available resources. In contrast, when food was abundant, males did not increase their provisioning to offspring probably because of the opportunity for additional matings via forced extrapair copulations.
GaAs beam lead antiparallel diodes for mm wave subharmonic mixers (1981)

Monolithic GaAs beam lead antiparallel pair Schottky diodes have been developed for use as subharmonic mixers at mm wave frequencies. These diodes were designed for minimum parasitic capacitance, low parasitic inductance, and ease in circuit mounting. This paper will cover details of device fabrication, and give calculated and experimental results of the diode performance in K, Ka, and U bands (18-60 GHz).