gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell aggregates via controlled release of TGF‐β1 from incorporated polymer microspheres (2009)

Aggregate culture is a useful method for inducing chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in a three-dimensional in vitro culture environment. Conventional aggregate culture, however, typically requires repeated growth factor supplementation during media changes, which is both expensive and time-intensive. In addition, homogenous cell differentiation is limited by the diffusion of chondrogenic growth factor from the culture medium into the aggregate and peripheral cell consumption of the growth factor. We have engineered a technology to incorporate growth factor-loaded polymer microspheres within hMSC aggregates themselves. Here, we report on the system's capacity to induce chondrogenesis via sustained delivery of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). Cartilage formation after 3 weeks in the absence of externally supplied growth factor approached that of aggregates cultured by conventional methods. Chondrogenesis in the central region of the aggregates is enabled at TGF-beta1 levels much lower than those required by conventional culture using exogenously supplied TGF-beta1, which is likely a result of the system's ability to overcome limitations of growth factor diffusion from cell culture media surrounding the exterior of the aggregates. Importantly, the inclusion of growth factor-releasing polymer microspheres in hMSC aggregates could enable in vivo chondrogenesis for cartilage tissue engineering applications without extensive in vitro culture.
High-resolution genetic mapping of complex traits. (1995)

Positional cloning requires high-resolution genetic mapping. To plan a positional cloning project, one needs to know how many informative meioses will be required to narrow the search for a disease gene to an acceptably small region. For a simple Mendelian trait studied with linkage analysis, the answer is straightforward. In this paper, we address the situation of a complex trait studied with affected-relative-pair methods. We derive mathematical formulas for the size of an appropriate confidence region, as a function of the relative risk attributable to the gene. Using these results, we provide graphs showing the number of relative pairs required to narrow the gene hunt to an interval of a given size. For example, we show that localizing a gene to 1 cM requires a median of 200 sib pairs for a locus causing a fivefold increased risk to an offspring and 700 sib pairs for a locus causing a twofold increased risk. We discuss the implications of these results for the positional cloning of genes underlying complex traits.
Correlations of viscosity, gas solubility, and density for Saskatchewan heavy oils (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrelations of viscosity, gas solubility, and density for Saskatchewan heavy oilsBeverly Quail, G. A. Hill, and Kamal N. JhaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 3, 519–523Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00075a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00075a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An efficient dictionary learning algorithm for 3d Medical Image Denoising based on Sadct (2013)

Signal denoising is the process of removing noise signals from a noisy image. But still, it remains as an important issue for the biomedical engineering. Due to the highly controlled imaging environment, the imaging process often creates noise, which seriously affects the analysis of the medical image. To solve the issues of the denoising in biomedical engineering efficient learning algorithms are used, for sparse representations of the data. Sparse representations are representations that account for most or all information of a signal with linear combination of small number elementary signals. At present algorithm such as Dictionary learning algorithm is exploited for spare representation of the data and this algorithm can be applied to 3 D Medical Image Denoising. The learning approach is involves two main parts: sparse coding and dictionary updating. Denoising of 3-D medical image that involves large number of slices is to denoise each single slice using separately learned dictionaries. In 3-D medical image denoising fixed square patches are applied into denoising method. This leads to computational complexity and also no good approximation of image can be constructed. So instead of adopting the fixed square patches, shape-adaptive patches can be applied as in the SA-DCT into the denoising method. Furthermore SA-DCT algorithm is proposed for image filtering. Such adaptation strategy enables accurate preservation and reconstruction of image details and structures and yields estimates with a very good visual quality.
Axin Utilizes Distinct Regions for Competitive MEKK1 and MEKK4 Binding and JNK Activation (2003)

Axin is a multidomain protein that plays a critical role in Wnt signaling, serving as a scaffold for down-regulation of beta-catenin. It also activates the JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase by binding to MEKK1. However, it is intriguing that Axin requires several additional elements for JNK activation, including a requirement for homodimerization, sumoylation at the extreme C-terminal sites, and a region in the protein phosphatase 2A-binding domain. In our present study, we have shown that another MEKK family member, MEKK4, also binds to Axin in vivo and mediates Axin-induced JNK activation. Surprisingly MEKK4 binds to a region distinct from the MEKK1-binding site. Dominant negative mutant of MEKK4 attenuates the JNK activation by Axin. Activation of JNK by Axin in MEKK1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast cells supports the idea that another MEKK can mediate Axin-induced JNK activation. Expression of specific small interfering RNA against MEKK4 effectively attenuates JNK activation by the MEKK1 binding-defective Axin mutant in 293T cells and inhibits JNK activation by wild-type Axin in MEKK1-/- cells, confirming that MEKK4 is indeed another mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that is specifically involved in Axin-mediated JNK activation independently of MEKK1. We have also identified an additional domain between MEKK1- and MEKK4-binding sites as being required for JNK activation by Axin. MEKK1 and MEKK4 compete for Axin binding even though they bind to sites far apart, suggesting that Axin may selectively bind to MEKK1 or MEKK4 depending on distinct signals or cellular context. Our findings will provide new insights into how scaffold proteins mediate ultimate activation of different mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases.
Measurement and analysis of chatter in a compliant model of a drillstring equipped with a PDC bit (1999)

Typical laboratory testing of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bits is performed on relatively rigid setups. Even in hard rock, PDC bits exhibit reasonable life using such testing schemes. Unfortunately, field experience indicates otherwise. In this paper, the authors show that introducing compliance in testing setups provides better simulation of actual field conditions. Using such a scheme, they show that chatter can be severe even in softer rock, such as sandstone, and very destructive to the cutters in hard rock, such as sierra white granite.
Record Piracy and Modern Problems of Innocent Infringement: A Comparative Analysis of United States and British Copyright Law (1981)

One of the most deeply rooted problems in United States and British copyright law is the question of how to treat the "innocent infringer" 1 who infringes unknowingly or without reason to suspect that he is infringing.Congress and Parliament have regarded the prospect of special treatment for such infringers with ambivalence.The United States and British
New Adhesion Promoters for Copper Leadframes and Epoxy Resin (2000)

Abstract New primer molecules have been synthesized to increase the adhesion strength between a copper leadframe and an epoxy molding compound in microelectronical devices. The coupling agents were preliminarily chemisorbed at the surface of copper plates via special binding groups like thiol, disulfide, ethylene diamine and phthalocyanine. Binding to the epoxy resin was performed via an hydroxyl group. Linear hydrocarbon spacers with various chain lengths connected the copper- and epoxy-binding groups. The self-assembled layers of the organic coupling agents at the metal surface were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the coating with respect to its corrosion oxidation inhibition. Shear tests clearly indicated that the coupling agents increase adhesion strength and are stable even in extreme humidity and thermal conditions in analogy to IPC-Level-1 pretreatment. Thus, delamination of the microelectronical packages was prevented.
FastDeepIoT: Towards Understanding and Optimizing Neural Network Execution Time on Mobile and Embedded Devices (2018)

Deep neural networks show great potential as solutions to many sensing application problems, but their excessive resource demand slows down execution time, pausing a serious impediment to deployment on low-end devices. To address this challenge, recent literature focused on compressing neural network size to improve performance. We show that changing neural network size does not proportionally affect performance attributes of interest, such as execution time. Rather, extreme run-time nonlinearities exist over the network configuration space. Hence, we propose a novel framework, called FastDeepIoT, that uncovers the non-linear relation between neural network structure and execution time, then exploits that understanding to find network configurations that significantly improve the trade-off between execution time and accuracy on mobile and embedded devices. FastDeepIoT makes two key contributions. First, FastDeepIoT automatically learns an accurate and highly interpretable execution time model for deep neural networks on the target device. This is done without prior knowledge of either the hardware specifications or the detailed implementation of the used deep learning library. Second, FastDeepIoT informs a compression algorithm how to minimize execution time on the profiled device without impacting accuracy. We evaluate FastDeepIoT using three different sensing-related tasks on two mobile devices: Nexus 5 and Galaxy Nexus. FastDeepIoT further reduces the neural network execution time by $48\%$ to $78\%$ and energy consumption by $37\%$ to $69\%$ compared with the state-of-the-art compression algorithms.
Application of the maximum likelihood method (MLM) to sonic velocity logging (1984)

Next No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984Application of the maximum likelihood method (MLM) to sonic velocity loggingAuthors: K. HsuA. B. BaggeroerK. HsuSchlumberger‐Doll Research and A. B. BaggeroerM. I. T.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894194 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894194FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1984 Pages: 856 publication data© 1984 Copyright © 1984 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 24 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION K. Hsu and A. B. Baggeroer, (1984), "Application of the maximum likelihood method (MLM) to sonic velocity logging," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894194 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Processes and process development in Japan (1986)

The commercialization of solar power generation necessitates the development of low cost manufacturing method of silicon suitable for solar cells. The manufacturing methods of semiconductor grade silicon (SEG-Si) and the development of solar grade silicon (SOG-Si) in foreign countries was investigated. It was concluded that the most efficient method of developing such materials was the hydrogen reduction process of trichlorosilane (TCS), using a fluidized bed reactor. The low cost reduction of polysilicon requires cost reductions of raw materials, energy, labor, and capital. These conditions were carefully reviewed. The overall conclusion was that a development program should be based on the TCS-FBR process and that the experimental program should be conducted in test facilities capable of producing 10 tons of silicon granules per year.
A STUDY OF THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND TOXIN PRODUCTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM TYPE F (1965)

Clostridium botulinum type F was grown in a chemically defined medium containing 17 amino acids, 11 vitamins, glucose, and inorganic salts. The nutritional requirements were determined using single-omission test media. Arginine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, biotin, thiamin, and possibly methionine were essential nutrients. Growth was stimulated by glycine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and para-aminobenzoic acid. Toxin was present in supernatant fluids from all synthetic medium cultures in which there was marked growth. In general, toxicity of synthetic medium cultures was about 1/10 that of complex medium cultures.Toxin and precursor appear to be formed intracellularly, for both were released by rupturing young cells with sonic vibration. Protoxin could be activated by treatment with trypsin.
Processing-independent analysis of peptide hormones and prohormones in plasma (2011)

Peptide hormones are post-translationally matured before they reach a structure in which they can fulfill their biological functions. The prohormone processing may encompass a variety of endoproteolytic cleavages, N- and C-terminal trimmings, and amino acid derivatizations. The same prohormone can be variably processed in different cell types and, in addition, diseased cells often change the processing of a given precursor. The translational process is often either increased or decreased in diseased cells, which renders the ensuing modifications of the prohormone incomplete. Consequently, a variable mixture of precursors and processing-intermediates accumulates in plasma. In order to exploit disturbed posttranslational processing for diagnostic use and at the same time provide an accurate measure of the translational product, a simple analytical principle named "processing-independent analysis" (PIA) was designed. PIA-methods quantitate the total mRNA product irrespective of the degree of processing. PIA-methods have now been developed for a number of prohormones and proteins, and their diagnostic potential appears promising in diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and in several malignancies.
Ile-177 and Ser-180 in the S1 Segment Are Critically Important in Kv1.1 Channel Function (1999)

Ile-177 and Ser-180 are conserved residues in the first transmembrane segment (S1) of the Shaker, Shab, Shaw, and Shal subfamilies of voltage-gated K+ channels. Here we report that the mutation of these residues in Kv1.1 to leucine, proline, or arginine abolished the expression of outward potassium currents in Xenopus oocytes. Co-injection of these mutant cRNAs and wild type Kv1.1 cRNA into Xenopus oocytes exerted a potent dominant negative effect resulting in the suppression of Kv1.1-encoded currents. Transient transfection experiments of COS-7 cells revealed that the S1 mutants directed the synthesis of Kv1.1 polypeptides. Quantitative co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that most of the S1 mutants co-assembled and formed both homo- and heteromultimeric complexes. Furthermore, the mutated polypeptides could reach the plasma membranes of transfected Sol8 cells. We conclude that mutations of Ile-177 and Ser-180 do not interfere with either the assembly of multimeric channel complexes or the targeting of these complexes to the plasma membrane. It is likely that these residues are involved in helix-helix interactions that are critical to the proper functioning of voltage-gated potassium channels.
Liposome-mediated augmentation of superoxide dismutase in endothelial cells prevents oxygen injury. (1983)

Increased intracellular production of oxygen radicals is a major etiology of cell damage from many quinoid antibiotics, environmental toxicants, and hyperoxia. Enhancing the intracellular content of protective enzymes can provide a means of limiting biological damage caused by free radicals. Liposomal entrapment and intracellular delivery of superoxide dismutase to cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells increased the specific activity of cellular superoxide dismutase 6 to 12-fold. This augmented superoxide dismutase activity persisted in cultured endothelial cell monolayers and rendered these cells resistant to oxygen-induced injury. Culture of confluent endothelial cells in hyperoxia increased 51Cr and lactate dehydrogenase release in an oxygen concentration-dependent manner. Superoxide dismutase-augmented endothelial cells were resistant to oxygen damage compared to untreated controls, in a superoxide dismutase concentration-dependent manner. Free superoxide dismutase in the absence or presence of liposomes containing no enzyme had no effect on cellular enzyme activity and did not protect from oxygen damage. Liposomes made from saturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids had a small but significant protective effect on oxygen-induced cell damage. These liposomes probably increased endothelial cell membrane saturated lipid content and thereby decreased peroxidative damage when the cells were exposed to hyperoxia. Conversely, preincubation of cells with arachidonic acid increased cell arachidonic acid content, sensitivity to hyperoxia, and hyperoxia-induced production of thiobarbituric acid material. These data suggest that intracellular delivery of superoxide dismutase prevents oxygen-induced cell damage and that superoxide is an important mediator of cellular oxygen toxicity.
Characterization of kefir grains grown in cows' milk and in soya milk (1999)

Kefir is a refreshing fermented milk with a slightly acidic taste obtained by incubating milk with kefir grains (Saloff-Coste, 1996). Kefir grains are a complex mixture of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in a strong and specific association. They are characterized by an irregular form, a folded and uneven surface and a white or slightly yellow colour. They are tough and resilient and have a characteristic acid taste (Bottazzi et al . 1994). The basic microflora contains lactococci, homofermentative and heterofermentative lactobacilli, yeasts and acetic acid bacteria (Bottazzi et al . 1994; Rea et al . 1996). Among the yeasts isolated from grains and identified are Candida kefir , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Sac. delbrueckii , Cand. holmii , Sac. unisporus and Sac. lipolytica (Angulo et al . 1993; Marshall, 1993; Garrote et al . 1997). Lactobacillus brevis , Lb. viridescens , Lb. casei , Lb. kefir , Lb. kefiranofaciens , Lb. kefirgranum , Lb. parakefir , Leuconostoc spp. and Lactococcus lactis are among the lactic acid bacteria present in the grains (Marshall et al . 1984; Toba et al . 1991; Takizawa et al . 1994; Garrote et al . 1997). The mixed microflora of yeasts and bacteria is held together by a matrix containing (g/kg dry weight) protein 340, polysaccharide 470 (Ottogalli et al . 1973). The study of kefir grains in milk has been centred on the characteristics of the polysaccharide produced by lactobacilli within the grain (Yokoi et al . 1991). This polysaccharide, named kefiran, is composed of glucose and galactose (Yokoi et al . 1991). It has been suggested that proteins are incorporated from the growth media (Bassette & Acosta 1988), but no details about structure and composition are available. Soyabeans are an important component of the diet in many countries and have been used to obtain fermented products such as sogurt (Mann, 1991). Special attention has been given to the growth of, and sugar utilization by, Bifidobacterium spp., Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in soya milk (Buono et al . 1990; Murti et al . 1993; Ankenman Granata & Morr, 1996). To our knowledge, there have been no attempts to ferment soya milk with kefir grains. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth of kefir grains in soya milk and the composition of these grains, focusing on the matrix proteins.
Antitumor effect by interleukin-11 receptor alpha-locus chemokine/CCL27, introduced into tumor cells through a recombinant adenovirus vector. (2003)

In this study, we examined antitumor activity of a mouse CC chemokine ILC/CCL27 and a mouse CX(3)C chemokine fractalkine/CX(3)CL1 in vivo. We generated recombinant adenovirus vectors with a fiber mutation, encoding mILC (Ad-RGD-mILC) and mFKN (Ad-RGD-mFKN). We confirmed tumor cells infected with Ad-RGD-mILC and Ad-RGD-mFKN to express and release these chemokines. Tumor rejection experiments in vivo were carried out by inoculating OV-HM cells infected with Ad-RGD-mILC or Ad-RGD-mFKN into immunocompetent mice. mILC significantly suppressed the tumor growth, whereas no such significant effect was observed by mFKN. The antitumor activity induced by mILC was T cell dependent, involving both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed accumulation of both CD3(+) lymphocytes and NK cells in the tumor tissue transduced with mILC and mFKN. However, there was a significant difference in the distribution of infiltrating cells. Furthermore, mFKN appeared to have an angiogenic activity, which might have masked its tumor suppressive activity. Collectively, ILC/CCL27 may be a good candidate molecule for cancer gene therapy.
Introduction to phosphorus chemistry (1981)

Preface Notes on nomenclature 1. Introduction to phosphorous chemistry 2. Survey of structural types, geometries and reactions 3. Physical methods in phosphorous chemistry 4. The bond to phosphorus 5. Phosphorus of C.N.3 6. Phosphorus of C.N.4 7. Phosphorus of C.N.5 8. Phosphorus in its group 9. Phosphorus reagents in chemistry Appendices Suggestions for further reading Bibliography Index.