gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen isotopic signature of CO <sub>2</sub> from combustion processes (2011)

Abstract. For a comprehensive understanding of the global carbon cycle precise knowledge of all processes is necessary. Stable isotope (13C and 18O) abundances provide information for the qualification and the quantification of the diverse source and sink processes. This study focuses on the δ18O signature of CO2 from combustion processes, which are widely present both naturally (wild fires), and human induced (fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning) in the carbon cycle. All these combustion processes use atmospheric oxygen, of which the isotopic signature is assumed to be constant with time throughout the whole atmosphere. The combustion is generally presumed to take place at high temperatures, thus minimizing isotopic fractionation. Therefore it is generally supposed that the 18O signature of the produced CO2 is equal to that of the atmospheric oxygen. This study, however, reveals that the situation is much more complicated and that important fractionation effects do occur. From laboratory studies fractionation effects on the order of up to 26%permil; became obvious in the derived CO2 from combustion of different kinds of material, a clear differentiation of about 7‰ was also found in car exhausts which were sampled directly under ambient atmospheric conditions. We investigated a wide range of materials (both different raw materials and similar materials with different inherent 18O signature), sample geometries (e.g. texture and surface-volume ratios) and combustion circumstances. We found that the main factor influencing the specific isotopic signatures of the combustion-derived CO2 and of the concomitantly released oxygen-containing side products, is the case-specific rate of combustion. This points firmly into the direction of (diffusive) transport of oxygen to the reaction zone as the cause of the isotope fractionation. The original total 18O signature of the material appeared to have little influence, however, a contribution of specific bio-chemical compounds to individual combustion products released from the involved material became obvious.
A 1.5-V full-swing BiCMOS logic circuit (1992)

A BiCMOS logic circuit applicable to sub-2-V digital circuits has been developed. A transiently saturated full-swing BiCMOS (TS-FS-BiCMOS) logic circuit operates twice as fast as CMOS at 1.5-V supply. A newly developed transient-saturation technique, with which bipolar transistors saturate only during switching periods, is the key to sub-2-V operation because a high-speed full-swing operation is achieved to remove the voltage loss due to the base-emitter turn-on voltage. Both small load dependence and small fan-in dependence of gate delay time are attained with this technique. A two-input gate fabricated with 0.3- mu m BiCMOS technology verifies the performance advantage of TS-FS-BiCMOS over other BiCMOS circuits and CMOS at sub 2-V supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Length of Cut and Leaf Surface Treatments on Digestibility of Fresh Forage<sup>1</sup> (1972)

Abstract Digestibility of leaves of pearl millet, napiergrass, and bermudragrass was increased by several treatments. After 48 hours in rumen fluid, average dry matter losses from leaves cut to lengths of 2.5, 1.2, .6, and .3 cm were 17.1, 25.9, 30.6, and 42.8%, respectively. When leaves were pressed on a rough surface or abraded with sand paper to break the cuticle, average dry matter losses were from 2.5 to 5 times (mean = 3.2) the losses from intact leaf sections. Increasing the cut surfaces or rupturing the cuticle enhanced the digestion of fresh forage by rumen micro‐organisms.
Screen printable flexible conductive nanocomposite polymer with applications to wearable sensors (2014)

We have developed a conductive nanocomposite polymer that possesses both good conductivity and flexibility, and screen printed it onto fabric to realize wearable flexible electrodes and electronic routing. The conductive polymer consists of dispersed silver nanoparticles (90~210nm) in a screen printable plastisol polymer. The conductive polymer is conductive for weight-percentages above approximately 61 wt-% of Ag nanoparticles, and has a resistivity of 2.1210<sup>-6</sup> ohm·m at 70 wt-% of Ag nanoparticles. To test the screen printed conductive polymer’s flexibility and its effect on conductivity, we measured the resistivity of the Ag-doped composite polymer at different bending angles (-90˚ ~ 90˚) with a 10° step angle at different wt-% of silver particles, and compared the results. We also tested washability of the screen printed conductive polymer as applied to fabric for long-term use in wearable sensors systems. We also used the screen printed Ag composite polymer to realize an example wearable system. Flexible wearable dry electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes were developed and ECG signal was measured via the electrodes. The sensing ECG electrodes (3mm diameter circle) were chloridized to form Ag/AgCl electrodes. We measured an ECG signal using a simple right-leg driven ECG circuit and observed normal ECG signals even without application of electrolyte gel.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of asialoglycoproteins by rat hepatocytes: receptor-positive and receptor-negative endosomes. (1986)

We have used combinations of subcellular fractionation, specific cytochemical tracers, and quantitative immunoadsorption to determine when, where, and in which intracellular structure internalized asialoglycoproteins (ASGPs) are segregated from their receptor. All membrane vesicles containing the receptor (R+ vesicles) were quantitatively immunoadsorbed from crude microsomes with Staphylococcus aureus cells and affinity-purified anti-ASGP receptor. Using this assay, we varied the time and temperature of exposure of perfused livers to 125I-asialoorosomucoid (125I-ASOR) and followed the movement of ligand from R+ to R- vesicles. After 2.5 min at 37 degrees C, 98% of the internalized ligand could be immunoadsorbed and thus was in R+ vesicles. Over the next 12 min of continuous 37 degrees C perfusion with 125I-ASOR, an increasing fraction of the ligand was not immunoadsorbed and therefore was present in R- vesicles. A maximum of 30% of the ligand could be found in R- vesicles (14-44 min). When livers were maintained at 16 degrees C, ligand was internalized but remained in R+ vesicles. Furthermore, ligand accumulating in R- vesicles at 37 degrees C remained there when livers were cooled to 16 degrees C. R- endosomes could be separated from R+ endosomes by flotation on sucrose density gradients and visualized by the presence of sequestered ASOR-horseradish peroxidase (ASOR-HRP). These structures resembled those labeled by ASOR-HRP in situ: R+ vesicles were relatively dense (1.12 g/cc), frequently tubular or spherical and small (100-nm diam), corresponding to the peripheral and internal tubular endosomes; R- structures were of lower density (1.09 g/cc), large (400-nm diam), and resembled internal multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). Endocytosed ASOR-HRP was found in both the peripheral and internal tubular endosomes in situ under conditions where 95% of the ligand was present in R+ vesicles by immunoadsorption, whereas MVEs containing ASOR-HRP were predominant in situ when ligand was found in R- vesicles and were often in continuity with the tubular internal endosomes. All of these results suggest that complete segregation of ligand and receptor occurs after arrival in the Golgi-lysosome region of the hepatocyte and that MVEs are R- and represent the final prelysosomal compartment.
Heterogeneous Catalysts for Liquid-Phase Oxidations:  Philosophers' Stones or Trojan Horses? (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous Catalysts for Liquid-Phase Oxidations: Philosophers' Stones or Trojan Horses?Roger A. Sheldon, Martin Wallau, Isabel W. C. E. Arends, and Ulf SchuchardtView Author Information Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 8, 485–493Publication Date (Web):June 9, 1998Publication History Received11 November 1997Published online9 June 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar9700163https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9700163research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3553Altmetric-Citations850LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Analytical apparatus,Catalysts,Metals,Oxidation,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Surgical technique for inserting the cochlear multielectrode array into ears with total neo-ossification. (1995)

A method of inserting a multielectrode cochlear implant into a cochlea that has become totally ossified following meningitis is described. The method, called the inlay technique, involves drilling a cleft so that the electrode array can be inserted along the position of the basal coil. First, the technique involves drilling along the scala tympani. Second, by drilling out the scala vestibuli, space is created to follow the basal turn of the cochlea without removing the overlying promontory. Five children have had this surgery, and between 12 and 15 electrodes were inserted. Two of the children have developed some open-set listening ability, with open-set sentence recognition scores of over 10%. One child has obtained open-set listening scores of over 50%.
Hypoglycemia (1994)

Iatrogenic hypoglycemia causes recurrent physical and recurrent or even persistent psychosocial morbidity, and some mortality, in patients with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and in some patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (1,2). There is now compelling evidence, from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), that metabolic control delays the development and progression of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy in IDDM, albeit at the expense of an increased frequency of treatment-induced hypoglycemia (3). These findings will almost assuredly provide further impetus to patients and health care providers to attempt to maintain plasma glucose levels as close to the nondiabetic range as possible. If so, hypoglycemia will become an even more common problem for patients with diabetes in the near future.
Trade marks for the lay person and a good brush-up for the practitioner (2014)

This section is dedicated to the review of ideas, articles, books, films and other media. It will include replies (and rejoinders) to articles, the evaluation of new ideas or proposals, and reviews of books and articles both directly and indirectly related to intellectual property law. In the present world there is no shortage of information. Quite the opposite: practitioners and academics alike find themselves flooded with primary and secondary sources. Accessing a case is no longer difficult, and the main challenge lies in not wasting time and getting the right information and dealing effectively with complexity. In fact, that challenge has increased with the overabundance of data. At the same time, reading through a case to find its relevant and innovative part requires effort, even for the trained eye. In 2006, Dirk Visser produced a very useful little book entitled Trade Mark Case Law: ECJ: One Page Summaries (deLex 2006)....
The Language of Law, the Sociology of Science, and the Troubles of Translation: Defining the Proper Role for Scientific Evidence of Causation (1995)

I. Introduction II. The Language of Law ... A. Law has adopted a realist "but for" test for cause-in-fact ... B. Application of the but for test by a jury involves a realist folk paradigm of causation ... C. Application of the but for test by a judge involves a realist legal paradigm of causation III. The Sociology of Science ... A. Realist accounts of the scientific enterprise prove inadequate ... B. Anti-realism provides a more accurate account of the scientific enterprise ... C. An anti-realist sociology of science consists of five elements ... 1. Scientists establish communities through "boundary work" ... 2. Scientific communities have rigid hierarchical structures ... 3. Scientific communities exist to produce inscriptions ... 4. The products of scientific communities are contingent upon communal commitments ... 5. The contingent products of scientific communities are reified IV. The Troubles of Translation ... A. Scientific concepts must be translated into legal concepts ... B. Scientific homonyms' must be translated into legal terms ... C. Solving the troubles of translation: a modest proposal V. Conclusion
Dual Inhibitory Activities of Tannins from<i>Hamamelis virginiana</i>and Related Polyphenols on 5-Lipoxygenase and Lyso-PAF: Acetyl-CoA Acetyltransferase<sup>1</sup> (1997)

In the present study, the effects of tannins obtained from various plant sources on the activity of 5-LOX and AT were examined. With IC50 values ranging from 1.0 to 18.7 muM, hamamelitannin and the galloylated proanthocyanidins isolated from Hamamelis virginiana L. were found to be most potent inhibitors of 5-LOX. Unlike the 5-LOX study, hamamelitannin proved to be ineffective in the AT assay. Potent candidates are represented by the group of B-type proanthocyanidins. Structure-activity relationships regarding the in vitro inhibitory potency of the polyphenols in the biological assays are discussed.
Positive Inotropic Effects by Uridine Triphosphate (UTP) and Uridine Diphosphate (UDP) via P2Y<sub>2</sub>and P2Y<sub>6</sub>Receptors on Cardiomyocytes and Release of UTP in Man During Myocardial Infarction (2006)

The aim of this study was to examine a possible role for extracellular pyrimidines as inotropic factors for the heart. First, nucleotide plasma levels were measured to evaluate whether UTP is released in patients with coronary heart disease. Then, inotropic effects of pyrimidines were examined in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes. Finally, expression of pyrimidine-selective receptors (a subgroup of the P2 receptors) was studied in human and mouse heart, using real time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Venous plasma levels of UTP were increased (57%) in patients with myocardial infarction. In electrically stimulated cardiomyocytes the stable P2Y(2/4) agonist UTPgammaS increased contraction by 52%, similar to beta1-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (65%). The P2Y6-agonist UDPbetaS also increased cardiomyocyte contraction (35%), an effect abolished by the P2Y6-blocker MRS2578. The phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 inhibited both the UDPbetaS and the UTPgammaS-induced inotropic effect, indicating an IP3-mediated effect via P2Y6 receptors. The P2Y14 agonist UDP-glucose was without effect. Quantification of mRNA with real time polymerase chain reaction revealed P2Y2 as the most abundant pyrimidine receptor expressed in cardiomyocytes from man. Presence of P2Y6 receptor mRNA was detected in both species and confirmed at protein level with Western blot and immunohistochemistry in man. In conclusion, UTP levels are increased in humans during myocardial infarction, giving the first evidence for UTP release in man. UTP is a cardiac inotropic factor most likely by activation of P2Y2 receptors in man. For the first time we demonstrate inotropic effects of UDP, mediated by P2Y6 receptors via an IP3-dependent pathway. Thus, the extracellular pyrimidines (UTP and UDP) could be important inotropic factors involved in the development of cardiac disease.
Productivity: the problem behind the headlines (1979)

Although most people fear inflation, at least they understand how it affects them: prices rise and the value of the dollar sinks. But what is behind inflation, why is the economic pie not sufficient anymore to solve our national problems. The author of this article asserts that low productivity growth may be the single most important factor in determining the national economic well-being. Without growth in productivity, struggles over income shares lead directly to inflation. Economists disagree about the causes of the slowdown in productivity; and in any event some of them, such as shifting patterns in the labor force and in occupations, cannot be altered. Some of them, however, we can affect: the level of business investment, the state of research and development efforts, and the degree to which government regulations help or hinder our economy. The author discusses how these affect productivity growth and then reviews some policy proposals in the light of the productivity problem.
On adaptive filtering in oversampled subbands (1998)

For a number of applications like acoustic echo cancellation, adaptive filters are required to identify very long impulse responses. To reduce the computational cost in implementations, adaptive filtering in subband is known to be beneficial. Based on a review of popular fullband adaptive filtering algorithms and various subband approaches, this thesis investigates the implementation, design, and limitations of oversampled subband adaptive filter systems based on modulated complex and real valued filter banks. The main aim is to achieve a computationally efficient implementation for adaptive filter systems, for which fast methods of performing both the subband decomposition and the subband processing are researched. Therefore, a highly efficient polyphase implementation of a complex valued modulated generalized DFT (GDFT) filter bank with a judicious selection of properties for non-integer oversampling ratios is introduced. By modification, a real valued single sideband modulated filter bank is derived. Non-integer oversampling ratios are particularly important when addressing the efficiency of the subband processing. Analysis is presented to decide in which cases it is more advantageous to perform real or complex valued subband processing. Additionally, methods to adaptively adjust the filter lengths in subband adaptive filter (SAF) systems are discussed. Convergence limits for SAFs and the accuracy of the achievable equivalent fullband model based on aliasing and other distortions introduced by the employed filter banks are explicitly derived. Both an approximation of the minimum mean square error and the model accuracy can be directly linked to criteria in the design of the prototype filter for the filter bank. Together with an iterative least-squares design algorithm, it is therefore possible to construct filter banks for SAF applications with pre-defined performance limits. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate the validity and properties of the discussed SAF methods and their advantage over fullband and critically sampled SAF systems.
[Anesthesiological provision of surgical correction of dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with chronic heart failure]. (2007)

When dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is surgically corrected, intraoperative intracardiac hemodynamic changes and additional ischemia of the disabling myocardium make special demands for anesthesia, prevention of cardiovascular insufficiency, and maintenance of circulatory oxygen-transporting function (COTF). For the development and evaluation of an anesthetic support protocol for patients with DCM, clinical parameters, hemodynamics and oxygen transport was comprehensively analyzed in 50 DCM patients aged 16-68 years in the intraoperative period of surgical correction of myocardial pathology. All the patients underwent implantation of an extracardiac mesh framework in combination, if required, with correction of mitral insufficiency under extracorporeal circulation (EC), drug-induced cold cardioplegia. Analysis of comprehensive clinical studies made it possible to provide scientific evidence and to successfully use the anesthetic support protocol for correcting operations of chronic heart failure in patients with DCM, the basic principles of the support being an effective preoperative preparation of a patient to attenuate the signs of congestive heart failure; preventive intraaortic balloon contrapulsation before surgery; overall monitoring of hemodynamics and oxygen transport; balanced use of anesthetic agents in the doses that exert no cardiosuppressive effect; preload optimization and postload reduction; the minimum use of catecholamines; prevention of arrhythmias; and a reduction in the duration of myocardial ischemia.
Ice-regenerated flame retardant and robust film of<i>Bombyx mori</i>silk fibroin and POSS nano-cages (2018)

In this study, we present a simple method to prepare and control the structure of regenerated hybrid silkworm silk films through icing. A regenerated hybrid silk (RHS) film consisting of a micro-fibrillar structure was obtained by partially dissolving amino-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and silk fibers in a CaCl<sub>2</sub>-formic acid solution. After immersion in water and icing, the obtained films of RHS showed polymorphic and strain-stiffening behaviors with mechanical properties that were better than those observed in dry or wet-regenerated silk. It was also found that POSS endowed the burning regenerated silk film with anti-dripping properties. The higher β-sheet content observed in the ice-regenerated hybrid micro-fibrils indicates a useful route to fabricate regenerated silk with physical and functional properties, <i>i.e.</i> strain-stiffening, similar to those observed to date in natural spider silk counterpart and synthetic rubbers, and anti-dripping of the flaming melt. Related carbon nanotube composites are considered for comparison.
Theoretical study for the inhibition ability of some bioactive imidazole derivatives against the Middle-East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-Co) (2019)

Salahaddin University-Erbil (SUE) is the oldest and largest public comprehensive university in Kurdistan region was founded in 1968 in Sulaimani. In 1981, the university was moved to Erbil, It is the educational home to more than 26,000 undergraduates and more than 900 graduate students.