gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on lankacidin-group (T-2636) antibiotics. X. Microbial coversion of lankacidin-group antibiotics. (1975)

Lankacidin C, a component of lankacidin-group (T-2636) antibiotics, was esterified to lankacidin C 8-butyrate in the presence of methyl butyrate by culture broth and by cell-free extract of Bacillus megaterium IFO 12108. In addition, methyl isobutyrate, methyl valerate and methyl isovalerate served as acyl donors for the esterification, and lankacidin C 8-isobutyrate, lankacidin C 8-valerate and lankacidin C 8-isovalerate were formed respectively. Lankacidin C 8, 14-dibutyrate was hydrolyzed to lankacidin C 14-butyrate by the same organism.
Effects of noise and music on human and task performance: A systematic review (2008)

The purpose of the present paper was to review the literature to develop an understanding of the effects of noise and music on human performance. The second purpose was to study the effects of music on a commonly performed task that is frequently accompanied by background music: driving. Background noise not only affects public health, but it also negatively affects human performance in such tasks as comprehension, attention, and vigilance. However, some studies have indicated that noise exposure may not affect simple vigilance. Despite music's distinct difference from noise it too affects human performance negatively and positively. The results are inconclusive on the effects of music and task performance. More specifically, the effects of music on driving performance are quite similar to that of noise on task performance. Music seems to alleviate driver stress and mild aggression while at times facilitating performance. However, during other conditions of music, driving performance is impaired. Different aspects of sound (i.e. volume, type, tempo) impact human performance differently. It is still unknown which aspect (music or noise) affects task performance to a greater degree.
Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--United States, 1999-2000. (2002)

CDC and others have used surveillance data to identify the types of water systems, their deficiencies, and the etiologic agents associated with outbreaks and evaluated current technologies for providing safe drinking water and safe recreational water. Surveillance data are used also to establish research priorities, which can lead to improved water-quality regulations. Only the groundwater systems under the influence of surface water are required to disinfect their water supplies, but EPA is developing a groundwater rule that specifies when corrective action (including disinfection) is required. CDC and EPA are conducting epidemiologic studies to assess the level of waterborne illness attributable to municipal drinking water in nonoutbreak conditions. Rules under development by EPA--the Ground Water Rule (GWR), the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR), and Stage 2 Disinfection Byproduct Rules (DBPR)--are expected to further protect the public from contaminants and disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Efforts by EPA under the Beaches Environmental Assessment, Closure, and Health (BEACH) program are aimed at reducing the risks for infection attributed to ambient recreational water by strengthening beach standards and testing; providing faster laboratory test methods; predicting pollution; investing in health and methods research; and improving public access to information regarding both the quality of the water at beaches and information concerning health risks associated with swimming in polluted water. EPA's Beach Watch (available at http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/beaches) provides online information regarding water quality at U.S. beaches, local protection programs, and other beach-related programs. CDC partnered with a consortium of local and national pool associations to develop a series of health communication materials for the general public who attend treated recreational water venues and to staff who work at those venues. CDC has also developed a recreational water outbreak investigation toolkit that can be used by public health professionals. All of the CDC materials are accessible at the CDC Healthy Swimming website (http://www.cdc.gov/healthyswimming).
Mycoses in the transplanted patient (2000)

The incidence of invasive fungal infection (IFI) has increased considerably over the past 20 years, and transplant recipients are at especially high risk for fungal infections owing to their overall immunosuppressed condition. Organ transplantation procedures were incorporated as a therapeutic option for many patients who lacked the normal functions of organs such as the heart, liver, kidney, lung, pancreas and small bowel. The prevalence of IFI in solid organ transplant (SOTR) patients ranges from 5 to 50% in kidney and liver transplants, respectively. In bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients, IFI are major causes of morbidity and mortality due to the protracted neutropenic period and graft-versus-host disease. Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. account for >80% of fungal episodes in both SOTR and BMT. The development of new immunosuppressive agents, new prophylaxis strategies (as pre-emptive therapy) and the improvement in surgical techniques led to increase survival of transplant recipients. In this session, a clear and concise update of the recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of candidiasis and aspergillosis in this kind of patients was presented. However, we still need to establish more rapid, sensitive and specific methods for IFI diagnosis. Representatives of the 'Subcomision de Infecciones en el Paciente Neutropenico y Transplantado (SIPNYT)' de la Sociedad Argentina de Infectologia (SADI), presented the results of an unusual multicenter study both retrospective and descriptive studies of IFI in SOTR and BMT patients in Argentina. In addition, a study of IFI in 1,861 SOTR patients from four centers and the analysis of IFI in 2,066 BMT patients from all 12 BMT centers from Argentina was presented. From these studies it can be concluded that 'all transplant recipients are not the same' and that they should be stratified according to their different risk degrees in order to determine the best prophylaxis and treatment strategies.
Pseudotyped Lentivirus Vectors Derived from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVagm with Envelope Glycoproteins from Paramyxovirus (2003)

ABSTRACT We describe the development of novel lentivirus vectors based on simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkey (SIVagm) pseudotyped with Sendai virus (SeV) envelope glycoproteins. SeV fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins were successfully incorporated into the SIVagm-based vector by truncation of the cytoplasmic tail of the F protein and by addition of the cytoplasmic tail of SIVagm transmembrane envelope protein to the N terminus of the HN protein. As with the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein-pseudotyped vector, the mutant SeV F- and HN-pseudotyped SIVagm vector was able to transduce various types of animal and human cell lines. Furthermore, the vector was able to transduce an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene into polarized epithelial cells of rat trachea from the apical and basolateral sides. Therefore, SeV F- and HN-pseudotyped SIVagm vectors have considerable potential for effective use in gene therapy for various therapies, including respiratory diseases.
A FimH Inhibitor Prevents Acute Bladder Infection and Treats Chronic Cystitis Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli ST131 (2013)

In this study, we provide novel insight into the pathogenic mechanisms used by the globally disseminated E. coli ST131 clone during acute and chronic UTI and establish the potential of FimH inhibitors as an alternative treatment against multidrug-resistant E. coli.
Studies of the Chemical Mechanism of Smoke Particulates Formation During the Combustion of Chlorinated Polymers (1982)

Abstract Results of qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses of stable combustion products found in smoke particulates of chlorinated pofymers are described. Chemical composition profiles have been established in both nonflaming and flaming modes, comparing pofyvinylchloride (PVC) samples with nonchlorinated polypropylene (PP). The nonflaming combustion analysis indicates similarity between the PVC and PP samples, suggesting similar degradation processes. In the flaming combustion of these polymers mainly aromatic compounds were identified, supporting a stepwise ring growth mechanism leading to the formation of the multi-ring structure of soot nuclei. The main influence of the chlorine atom appears in the higher production of the substituted polycycloaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which in turn may account for the observation that a higher quantity of soot is released during the combustion of PVC than during the combustion of non-chlorinated polymers. Finally, the presence of additives upon PVC soot formation seems to affect the physical rather than the chemical processes that influence smoke particulate formation.
Real-Time Interferometer (1979)

The fundamental measurement required for proof of quality of an optical system is the shape of its transmitted wavefront. A knowledge of wavefront error and the transmission characteristics of an optical system allow calculation (at the measurement wavelength) of all commonly used quality factors such as optical transfer function, point spread function, Strehi ratio, etc. This paper describes a recently developed shearing interferometer that is designed for general purpose laboratory use. Included is a description of the instrument characteristics and principle of operation as well as a comparison of measured and theoretical accuracy limits.
Pavement Maintenance Management for Roads and Parking Lots. (1981)

This report describes PAVER, a field-tested, validated pavement maintenance management system for military installations which is designed to optimize the funds allocated for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R). (Author)
Resilience of all-carbon molecules C60, C70, and C84: a surface-scattering time-of-flight investigation (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResilience of all-carbon molecules C60, C70, and C84: a surface-scattering time-of-flight investigationRainer D. Beck, Pamela St. John, Marcos M. Alvarez, Francois Diederich, and Robert L. WhettenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 21, 8402–8409Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100174a066https://doi.org/10.1021/j100174a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Human Pose Estimation Based on Deep Neural Network (2018)

This paper aimed to single pose estimation of two-dimensional image based on the deep neural network. We constructed a Stacked Hourglass network structure on the training data set, regress the precise pixel location of human body joint point through heat map with different activation function is analyzed and compared, which had certain reference value to the improvement on the final performance. At the same time, this paper analyzes the theory and application of multi-scale and analyzes the structure and advantages of network.
Optimized energy harvesting based on electro active polymers (2010)

Energy harvesting using dielectric elastomers is an interesting possibility to convert ambient energy into electric energy. Different small scale prototypes of energy harvesting devices, like SRI's wind- and wave-power generators have been developed so far. Nevertheless, the theoretical limits and practical implementation still have to be considered. In a previous paper the achievable energy gain for different harvesting cycles was investigated theoretically. When using the cycles for energy harvesting also losses occur due to the behavior of the material. In this paper detailed loss mechanisms are taken into account to derive design rules for the material development and for the optimization of the overall system setup.
A ketogenic drink improves brain energy and some measures of cognition in mild cognitive impairment (2019)

A dose of 30 g/day of kMCT taken for 6 months bypasses a significant part of the brain glucose deficit and improves several cognitive outcomes in MCI.
A Study of the Properties, Installation, and Performance of Sintered Metal Gravel-Pack Screens (1992)

ABSTRACT The new technology of porous sintered metal screens (PSMS) addresses the two major causes of well screen failures; impact damage and erosion cutting. This technology shows promise in reducing screen failures and may help save money by reducing the number of workovers made necessary by these causes. Prototypes of thin-walled PSMS have been tested for (1) tendencies toward corroding and scaling, (2) cleanup by backflushing, and (3) installation through 90 degree bent casing. It appears that PSMS offer some improvements over conventional prepack screens for gravel packing. fie advantages to the @SMS) over thin-wall designed prepack screens (TWPS) were found to be (1) uniformity of the porous metal screen media compared to sand, (2) resistance to damage caused by handling, and (3) properties that allow it to be cleaned up quickly and thoroughly by backflushing. In addition to a discussion of the above findings, this paper presents results of actual installations and performance of PSMS units in producing wells. PSMS have dimensions similar to those of prepack design screens, having a thin filter media layer. This affords more annulus clearance to help assure adequate gravel placement and retreivability. INTRODUCTION OF POROUS SINTERED METAL sCREENS (PSMS) Porous sintered metal technology has been applied to the manufacture of gravel pack screens for oil and gas wells. PSMS consists of a porous sintered metal jacket bonded to a conventional, offset-drilled base pipe. This screen retains the advantage of the thin-wall design concept in that the sintered metal jacket takes up little more annulus space beyound the base pipe than do the wires on a conventional wire-wrapped screen. Perhaps more importantly, the PSMS offer a solution to the major failure problems that plague thin-wall design prepack screens, Impact Dammze and)?laws in the preuack Sand Layer. The jacket of a PSMS is normally about 0.15 to .25 in. thickness and continuous strength and porosity. So therefore, if the outer few grains of sintered metal become damaged by impact, the inner particles remain locked together in their original configuration. This avoids localized" pore opening leading to a channel. The adherence and ductile properties of the porous sintered metal of PSMS make it capable of absorbing normally catastrophic impacts without creating a point for later erosion attack or of pore closure. Although the powdered metal particles are randomly shaped, a high degree of flow uniformity in the sintered metal jacket is achieved by relative size uniformity of the powdered metal and in the way in which particle to particle pressurization is used before sintering. The powdered metal used has a gnarled and twisted shape, but haa strictly controlled particle size, this in part, contributes to the reproducible properties of the sintered metal matrix. Figure 1 shows the typical shape of the powdered metal used. Because of this control, the user is more certain to have a reliable filter medium at all points along the PSMS, without grain settling or shifting.
The Effect of Public Information and Competition on Trading Volume and Price Volatility (1993)

Journal Article The Effect of Public Information and Competition on Trading Volume and Price Volatility Get access F. Douglas Foster, F. Douglas Foster Duke University Address correspondence and reprint requests to F. Douglas Foster, The Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham NC 27706. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Viswanathan S. Viswanathan Duke University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Financial Studies, Volume 6, Issue 1, January 1993, Pages 23–56, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/6.1.23 Published: 25 May 2015
Cellular reaction on the anterior surface of 4 types of intraocular lenses (2001)

This study found IOL-related differences in cellular reaction after cataract surgery. The incidence of a nonspecific foreign-body reaction to 4 IOLs is consistent with the results of previous studies. The incidence of LECs was highest in the Hydroview group and lowest in the AcrySof group. The CeeOn 920 group had the lowest incidence of all types of cells.
Efficient Infection of Primary Tupaia Hepatocytes with Purified Human and Woolly Monkey Hepatitis B Virus (2001)

The Asian tree shrew, Tupaia belangeri, has been proposed as a novel animal model for studying hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Here, we describe a protocol for efficient and reproducible infection of primary tupaia hepatocytes with HBV. We report that human serum interferes with HBV binding to the hepatocytes, thus limiting the maximum multiplicity of infection. Purification of HBV virions by gradient sedimentation greatly enhances virus binding and infectivity. Covalently closed circular DNA was clearly detectable by Southern blot analysis and newly synthesized single-stranded HBV DNA was visible 2 weeks postinoculation. Primary tupaia hepatocytes are also susceptible to infection with the recently discovered woolly monkey hepatitis B virus (WMHBV) but not to woodchuck hepatitis virus infection. Compared to HBV, WMHBV replicated at a higher rate with single-stranded DNA detectable within the first week postinoculation. Primary tupaia hepatocytes should represent a useful system for studying early steps of HBV and WMHBV infection.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (1996)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a hematopoietic growth factor, is a clinically effective drug used to promote neutrophil recovery in patients with chemo- or radiotherapy-induced neutropenia. We have reviewed the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of three kinds of G-CSFs: E. coli derived G-CSF, CHO-derived G-CSF, and mutein G-CSF. The clearances of G-CSFs are saturable and autoinducible in experimental animals and humans. That is, the systemic clearances of G-CSFs decrease as the dose injected increases and approaches a constant value. Both saturable and nonsaturable processes are involved in G-CSF elimination. Also, the systemic clearances of G-CSFs are increased by repeated administration of G-CSF. Although the relative bioavailability of G-CSFs after subcutaneous administration is approximately 60%, the increase in peripheral white blood cells or neutrophils is greater than that after intravenous administration at the same dose. The effects of G-CSFs seem to be time dependent rather than AUC dependent, considering that mean residence time of G-CSFs in the plasma is longer after subcutaneous administration than that after intravenous administration. There is a slight difference in the pharmacokinetics of E-coli- and CHO-G-CSF although they seem to be pharmacologically equivalent. The correlation between G-CSF clearance and peripheral neutrophil counts in the patients suggests that G-CSF receptors contribute to G-CSF clearance. Quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis using mutein G-CSF shows that the G-CSF receptor plays a major role in saturable G-CSF clearance, and that this saturable process accounts for approximately 80% of the total clearance at low doses. That is, the degradation following the receptor-mediated endocytosis in bone marrow might be a major clearance system of G-CSF at a physiological blood level. The G-CSF receptor in bone marrow might work not only as a signal transducer for differentiation and proliferation of granulopoietic precurcer cells but as a regulator of G-CSF levels in blood. In addition, at high doses, glomerular filtration in the kidneys is the major process for nonsaturable G-CSF clearance. At present, polyethylene glycol derivatives of G-CSF are being developed to reduce the frequency of G-CSF administration.
Forty-Five Years of Chemical Discovery Including a Golden Quarter-Century (2002)

Inorganic chemistry became a passion for me as a graduate student in the 1950s. It was exciting to be part of the renaissance of the discipline, and I am pleased to have contributed to its strength. Physical concepts applied to the understanding of the properties of transition metal compounds guided our work initially. In the 1970s, probably as a direct result of the world abandoning the gold standard, the chemistry of gold was awakened after a long sleep. Much of the chemistry covered in this review of our work relates to novel compounds of gold and the properties they display which have been uncovered during the last 25 years of the 20th century. Stable metal-metal bonded Au(II) and organometallic Au(III) compounds, bi- and trimetallic oxidative addition, phosphorescent species with microsecond lifetimes, gold chains resulting from aurophilic bonding stronger than H-bonding, and recently, gold binding to organic pi acids have intrigued my group and other gold chemists during this period.
UCP4, a novel brain‐specific mitochondrial protein that reduces membrane potential in mammalian cells (1999)

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are a family of mitochondrial transporter proteins that have been implicated in thermoregulatory heat production and maintenance of the basal metabolic rate. We have identified and partially characterized a novel member of the human uncoupling protein family, termed uncoupling protein-4 (UCP4). Protein sequence analyses showed that UCP4 is most related to UCP3 and possesses features characteristic of mitochondrial transporter proteins. Unlike other known UCPs, UCP4 transcripts are exclusively expressed in both fetal and adult brain tissues. UCP4 maps to human chromosome 6p11.2-q12. Consistent with its potential role as an uncoupling protein, UCP4 is localized to the mitochondria and its ectopic expression in mammalian cells reduces mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings suggest that UCP4 may be involved in thermoregulatory heat production and metabolism in the brain.
Suppression of Field Crystallization of Anodic Niobia by Oxygen (2006)

Solid-solution Nb–O films containing up to 50 atom % oxygen, prepared by magnetron sputtering, were used to investigate the influence of the oxygen on field crystallization during anodizing at 100 V in 0.1 mol dm(-3) ammonium pentaborate electrolyte at 333 K. The findings reveal that field crystallization is hindered dramatically by addition of 20 atom % oxygen to the substrate, while no crystallization occurs for a Nb–50 atom % O substrate. Prior thermal treatment accelerates field crystallization of niobium, but not the Nb–50 atom % O substrate. The thermal treatment is considered to promote generation of precursor sites for crystal nucleation. However, sufficient oxygen in the substrate may restrict precursor development and/or reduce the compressive stresses in the amorphous anodic niobia that can facilitate crystal growth.