gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A wide dynamic range CMOS digital pixel sensor (2003)

A CMOS image sensor with pixel level analog to digital conversion is presented. Each 13.8/spl mu/m /spl times/ 13.8/spl mu/m pixel area contains a photodiode and a dynamic comparator using the maximum voltage swing available (0V-1.8V). The comparator does not need any bias current and is insensitive to fabrication process variations. Also a digital to analog converter (DAC) is used to deliver a voltage reference in order to compare it with the pixel voltage for the analog to digital conversion. This DAC provides the possibility to convert the pixel voltage linearly or to compress it logarithmically. The circuit allows image captures at multiple exposure times, and the resulting values are delivered in floating digital format, offering the possibility to expand the intrascene dynamic range to more than 84 dB. The circuit was implemented in a CMOS 0.18/spl mu/m process and has been submitted for fabrication.
In Situ Formation of BN Nanotubes during Nitriding Reactions (2005)

High-yield multiwalled boron nitride (BN) nanotubes have been produced using a ball milling−annealing method. The BN nanotubes with a diameter less than 10 nm and a well-crystallized multiwalled structure were formed via an in situ nitriding reaction. The systematic investigation of the formation process at different annealing temperatures and for different times suggested that the formation of the unique multiwalled structure was attributed by a two-dimensional growth of the BN phase and a nonmetal catalytic growth.
Auxetic compliant flexible PU foams: static and dynamic properties (2005)

Abstract The paper describes the manufacturing and tensile testing of auxetic (negative Poisson's ratio) thermoplastic polyurethane foams, both under constant strain rate and sinusoidal excitation. The foams are produced from conventional flexible polyurethane basis following a manufacturing route developed in previous works. The Poisson's ratio behaviour over tensile strain has been analyzed using an Image Data processing technique based on Edge Detection from digital images recorded during quasi‐static tensile test. The samples have been subjected to tensile and compressive tests at quasi‐static and constant strain‐rate values (up to 12 s –1 ). Analogous tests have been performed over iso‐volumetric foams samples, i.e., foams subjected to the same volumetric compression of the auxetic ones, exhibiting a near zero Poisson's ratio behaviour. The auxetic and non‐auxetic foams have been also tested under sinusoidal cycling load up to 10 Hz, with maximum pre‐strain applied of 12%. The hysteresis of the cycling loading curve has been measured to determine the damping hysteretic loss factor for the various foams. The measurements indicate that auxetic foams have increased damping loss factor of 20% compared to the conventional foams. The energy dissipation is particularly relevant in the tensile segment of the curve, with effects given by the pre‐strain level imposed on the samples. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrocatalytic Properties of PtBi and PtPb Intermetallic Line Compounds via DFT: CO and H Adsorption (2008)

Pt intermetallic line compounds, such as with Pb and Bi, have been observed to improve dramatically the anode carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance of fuel cells for oxidation of small organic molecules. We have used density functional theory to study the CO and H adsorption on different surfaces of these line compounds. Among different surface orientations of PtPb and PtBi, we find (100)B and (110) have much lower cleavage energies and CO adsorption energies than (100)A and (001) and also much lower CO adsorption energies than Pt(111). Thus, (100)B and (110) are the surfaces most relevant to experimental observations, and the increased CO tolerance is not attributable to the (001) surface of the line compounds as assumed experimentally, because it binds CO the strongest, even more strongly than Pt(111). We also find that CO is not likely to dissociate on these materials. Finally, we correlate d-band center and CO adsorption energy for these non close-packed systems by developing a more universal form of the original d-band center model that includes effects of symmetry of adsorption site and local relaxation. We find that the increased CO tolerance arises from a downward shift of Pt d-band center because of alloying, which also accounts for the difference between PtPb and PtBi.
Hur stor är risken för bestående hög arbetslöshet (2010)

Tidigare erfarenheter fran djupa lagkonjunkturer visar att arbetslosheten tenderar att besta aven nar konjunkturen vander. Utvecklingen pa den svenska arbetsmarknaden efter 1990-talskrisen ar ett e ...
Parallel protein and transcript profiles of FSHD patient muscles correlate to the D4Z4 arrangement and reveal a common impairment of slow to fast fibre differentiation and a general deregulation of MyoD‐dependent genes (2006)

Here, we present the first study of a human neuromuscular disorder at transcriptional and proteomic level. Autosomal dominant facio-scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by a deletion of an integral number of 3.3-kb KpnI repeats inside the telomeric region D4Z4 at the 4q35 locus. We combined a muscle-specific cDNA microarray platform with a proteomic investigation to analyse muscle biopsies of patients carrying a variable number of KpnI repeats. Unsupervised cluster analysis divides patients into three classes, according to their KpnI repeat number. Expression data reveal a transition from fast-glycolytic to slow-oxidative phenotype in FSHD muscle, which is accompanied by a deficit of proteins involved in response to oxidative stress. Besides, FSHD individuals show a disruption in the MyoD-dependent gene network suggesting a coregulation at transcriptional level during myogenesis. We also discuss the hypothesis that D4Z4 contraction may affect in trans the expression of a set of genes involved in myogenesis, as well as in the regeneration pathway of satellite cells in adult tissue. Muscular wasting could result from the inability of satellite cells to successfully differentiate into mature fibres and from the accumulation of structural damages caused by a reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance induced by an increased oxidative metabolism in fibres.
An adaptive CMOS matrix-vector multiplier for large scale analog hardware neural network applications (2002)

The authors present an analog four-quadrant matrix-vector multiplier of low circuit complexity in floating gate CMOS technology, capable of on-chip weight adaptation following an arbitrary incremental outer-product local learning scheme, and with permanent storage of the weights after learning is performed. The complete adaptive circuit employs, on average, as few as two transistors per matrix element (C.F. Neugenbauer et al., 1990), allowing a very compact VLSI circuit layout (less than 30 mu m*30 mu m per synapse in standard 2 mu m CMOS technology) suitable for the use in fully interconnected neural network hardware of densities above 256 neurons per cm/sup 2/. With proper biasing techniques, an input linearity region for the multiplier ranging 800 mV at modest current levels are demonstrated. Four-quadrant outer-product weight adaptation, performed locally on-chip by floating gate voltage increments under ultraviolet illumination, has been achieved with floating gate adaptation up to 10 mV/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystal structure, biochemical and cellular activities demonstrate separate functions of MTH1 and MTH2 (2015)

Deregulated redox metabolism in cancer leads to oxidative damage to cellular components including deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). Targeting dNTP pool sanitizing enzymes, such as MTH1, is a highly promising anticancer strategy. The MTH2 protein, known as NUDT15, is described as the second human homologue of bacterial MutT with 8-oxo-dGTPase activity. We present the first NUDT15 crystal structure and demonstrate that NUDT15 prefers other nucleotide substrates over 8-oxo-dGTP. Key structural features are identified that explain different substrate preferences for NUDT15 and MTH1. We find that depletion of NUDT15 has no effect on incorporation of 8-oxo-dGTP into DNA and does not impact cancer cell survival in cell lines tested. NUDT17 and NUDT18 were also profiled and found to have far less activity than MTH1 against oxidized nucleotides. We show that NUDT15 is not a biologically relevant 8-oxo-dGTPase, and that MTH1 is the most prominent sanitizer of the cellular dNTP pool known to date.
Real-time photoacoustic imaging system for clinical burn diagnosis (2013)

We have developed a real-time (8~30 fps) photoacoustic (PA) imaging system with a linear-array transducer for burn diagnosis. In this system, PA signals originating from blood in the noninjured tissue layer located under the injured tissue layer are detected. The phantom study showed that thin light absorbers embedded in the tissue-mimicking scattering medium at depths of > 3 mm can be imaged with high contrast. The diagnostic experiments using rat burn models showed good agreements between the injury depths (zones of stasis) indicated by PA imaging and those by histological analysis. These results demonstrate the potential usefulness of the present system for clinical burn diagnosis.
Further studies on variable resistance of 129/J and C57BL/6 mice to infection with Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni (1990)

Two mouse strains maintained in this laboratory (WEHI) are variably resistant to infection with Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni in that worms cannot be found in the liver and portal system in a high proportion (WEHI 129/J mice) or low proportion (C57BL/6 mice) some weeks after exposure to cercariae. Resistance can be as high as 100% in WEHI 129/J mice and is usually around 20% in C57BL/6 mice. The proportion of resistant mice closely parallels the proportion of mice that demonstrate a shunting of microbeads, injected into a mesenteric vein, from liver to lungs. This applies to F1 x WEHI 129/J backcross mice in which the data suggest oligogenic genetic effects although no evidence for a participation of MHC-linked genes in the phenomenon has emerged. 129/J mice derived from the Jackson Laboratory do not show a shunting of beads from the portal system to the lungs but their progeny bred at WEHI do. Germ-free WEHI 129/J mice resemble conventionally-maintained, SPF-derived WEHI 129/J mice in their variable resistance to schistosome infection. No satisfactory explantation for hepato-portal system peculiarities in WEHI 129/J and C57BL/6 mice can be advanced as yet and a possibility raised in this paper is a contribution from nutritional factors such as hypervitaminosis A superimposed on a genetic predisposition in these two related mouse strains.
Studies on room-temperature electric-field effect in ionic-liquid gated VO2 three-terminal devices (2012)

We present a study of electrostatic gating of VO2 thin films in ionic-liquid-based electric double-layer transistor geometry. Devices were fabricated by lithographic patterning of VO2 thin films as channel on sapphire substrates, ionic liquid as gate dielectric, and Au as gate/source/drain electrode, respectively. A significant unipolar increase in channel conductance at room temperature is observed. The VO2 channel resistance decreases ∼50% at + 2 V gate bias, whereas it increases slightly under negative bias. The polarity dependence of resistance modulation suggests electrons to be a dominant carrier, which is consistent with Hall measurements. In the high-temperature metallic state of VO2, no gating effect is observed. The effect of multiple transition cycles on the channel resistance change under bias is discussed. The study contributes to on-going efforts to realize room-temperature field-effect switches with correlated oxides.
Multimedia networks and the public switched telephone network (1996)

The coherence of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) was based on the understanding that, to further common interests, the terminals and networks were to be coordinated to allow the transparent flow of traffic. Innovations were evaluated based on the overall system performance and the potential number of connections. The evolution of public networks and technological advancements, of course, have allowed traffic types other than speech to be carried over the PSTN. However, because stakeholders in multimedia communications often have conflicting requirements, they usually promote application-specific approaches to code source information and multiplex the different media streams. Rarely do they ponder over possible ways to merge all these approaches in a harmonious way. Multimedia communications straddle the traditions of both telecommunications and information technologies. As the technology evolves, it is becoming increasingly difficult to identify the boundary of "networks".
Course of Development of the HF-Capsule — Variations and Method-Related Typical Findings (1987)

Knowledge on the absorption of compounds along the Gl-tract is important information for the development of sustained release formulations, in diagnosis and with respect to open questions in the nutrition. In order to examine the absorption characteristics in animal and man we developed a HF-capsule releasing compounds at any predetermined region of the GI-tract. The localisation of the HF-capsule within the GI-tract is X-ray controlled and the spontaneous release is initiated by a short impuls of a HF-generator. With respect to the absorption characteristics the examined drugs may be divided into the following groups: These evaluations show that substance-related specific absorption windows in the GI-tract cannot be ignored.
Mining Soil Metagenomes to Better Understand the Evolution of Natural Product Structural Diversity: Pentangular Polyphenols as a Case Study (2014)

Sequence-guided mining of metagenomic libraries provides a means of recovering specific natural product gene clusters of interest from the environment. In this study, we use ketosynthase gene (KS) PCR amplicon sequences (sequence tags) to explore the structural and biosynthetic diversities of pentangular polyphenols (PP). In phylogenetic analyses, eDNA-derived sequence tags often fall between closely related clades that are associated with gene clusters known to encode distinct chemotypes. We show that these common "intermediate" sequence tags are useful for guiding the discovery of not only novel bioactive metabolites but also collections of closely related gene clusters that can provide new insights into the evolution of natural product structural diversity. Gene clusters corresponding to two eDNA-derived KSβ sequence tags that reside between well-defined KSβ clades associated with the biosynthesis of (C24)-pradimicin and (C26)-xantholipin type metabolites were recovered from archived soil eDNA libraries. Heterologous expression of these gene clusters in Streptomyces albus led to the isolation of three new PPs (compounds 1-3). Calixanthomycin A (1) shows potent antiproliferative activity against HCT-116 cells, whereas arenimycins C (2) and D (3) display potent antibacterial activity. By comparing genotypes and chemotypes across all known PP gene clusters, we define four PP subfamilies, and also observe that the horizontal transfer of PP tailoring genes has likely been restricted to gene clusters that encode closely related chemical structures, suggesting that only a fraction of the "natural product-like" chemical space that can theoretically be encoded by these secondary metabolite tailoring genes has likely been sampled naturally.
Biomechanical Considerations in the Straight-Leg-Raising Test Cadaveric and Clinical Studies of the Effects of Medial Hip Rotation (1979)

Studies of the sacral plexus have been made in six cadavers to demonstrate the increased tension due to medial hip rotation. A standard protocol was adopted for the straight-leg-raising test (SLR) and three qualifying tests--dorsiflexion of the ankle, medial hip rotation, and cervical flexion--when examining 442 patients. Positive signs on medial hip rotation were frequently associated with evidence of increased tension and neurologic dysfunction of lumbosacral roots. It is concluded that uncontrolled hip rotation reduces the value of the SLR is a useful qualifying test for increased root tension, and that the diagnostic value and repeatability of SLR would be improved by adopting a standardized protocol.
Intercalation of Salts in Halloysite (1978)

Abstract Several new salt intercalation complexes of halloysite have been prepared and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction techniques taking into account both the position and the shape of the d 001 peaks. The amount of intercalated ion in some fully complexed halloysites has been directly determined using conventional analytical techniques. The results show that less than half of the theoretical amount of salt is intercalated into the clay; the amount of salt depending on its nature and, where hydrolyzable ions are present, on the pH. Infrared spectra taken of some complexes give an indication of the nature of the interaction within interlayer space and elsewhere. The interactions are weak and are either dipolar attractions or hydrogen bonds. The ions which show the greatest tendency to intercalate with halloysite are water structure-breaking cations or hydrogen-bonding anions.
Genetic algorithms and simulated annealing: a marriage proposal (2002)

Genetic algorithms (GAs) and simulated annealing (SA) have emerged as the leading methodologies for search and optimization problems in high dimensional spaces. A simple scheme of using simulated-annealing mutation (SAM) and recombination (SAR) as operators use the SA stochastic acceptance function internally to limit adverse moves. This is shown to solve two key problems in GA optimization, i.e., populations can be kept small, and hill-climbing in the later phase of the search is facilitated. The implementation of this algorithm within an existing GA environment is shown to be trivial, allowing the system to operate as pure SA (or iterated SA), pure GA, or in various hybrid modes. The performance of the algorithm is tested on various large-scale applications, including DeJong's functions, a 100-city traveling-salesman problem, and the optimization of weights in a feedforward neural network. The hybrid algorithm is seen to improve on pure GA in two ways, i.e., better solutions for a given number of evaluations, and more consistency over many runs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy Estimation on CRN Process of Fly Ash as a Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (2010)

Through carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CRN) reaction, nitrogen could be fixed into fly ash up to 28 wt %. Nitrided fly ash has the potential to be a source of slow release nitrogen fertilizer. To further investigate this potential, the energy consumptions were estimated for the nitridation process of fly ash. Reactors such as parallel rotary furnaces were simulated for the heat loss of radiation and convection. Material balance was carried out to determine the dimension of the rotary furnaces. Subsequently, on the basis of the dimension of the rotary furnace, the energy balance was performed from the reaction engineering aspects of the nitridation reaction of fly ash. Ultimately, the total energy was transformed into per unit nitrogen and compared with the energy consumption of the Haber−Bosch process for ammonia synthesis. The energy balance calculation suggested that there is great potential for nitrided fly ash to be slow release nitrogen fertilizer.
Mechanical Property Analysis and Design of Shock Absorber System Using Fiber Bearing by Experimental Method. (2003)

This paper describes an experimental and theoretical study of the feasibility of using fiber reinforced to produce lightweight low-cost elastomeric isolator. The fiber in the fiber-reinforced isolator, in contrast to the steel in the conventional isolator is assumed to be flexible in extension. Several examples of isolators in the form of long strips were fabricated and tested. The theoretical analysis and test results suggest that it is possible to produce the fiber-reinforced strip isolator that matches the behavior of a steel-reinforced isolator. The fiber-reinforced isolator is significantly lighter and can be made by a much less labor-intensive manufacturing process.
[Experience with the clinical use of demineralized bone autografts in traumatology and orthopedics]. (1989)

The authors analyse the results of clinical application of osseous allografts demineralized by 1, 2-2, 4-3, 6 N solutions of hydrochloric acid. Of 92 patients with various pathologies of the locomotor system the postoperative results were positive in 85 cases (92.4%) and negative in 7 cases (7.6%). The analysis has demonstrated that the negative results were not connected with the kind of the osteoplastic material.
Fast Catalytic Hydroxylation of Hydrocarbons with Ruthenium Porphyrins (2006)

Ruthenium porphyrin complexes such as carbonylruthenium(II) tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin [Ru(II)(TPFPP)(CO)] were found to be efficient catalysts for the hydroxylation of alkanes in the presence of 2,6-dichloropyridine N-oxide as the oxidant under mild, nonacidic conditions. Up to 14 800 turnovers (TO) and rates of 800 TO/min were obtained for the hydroxylation of adamantane. The hydroxylation of cis-decalin afforded cis-9-decalol and cis-decalin-9,10-diol, exclusively, thus, excluding a long-lived radicals mechanism. The kinetics of product evolution in a typical catalytic oxygenation showed an initial induction period followed by a fast, apparently zero-order phase with maximum rates and high efficiencies. Deuterium isotope effects (kH/kD) in the range of 4.2-6.4 were found for the hydroxylation of alkanes. A Hammett treatment of the data for the oxidation of para-substituted toluene derivatives showed a linear correlation with a highly negative rho+ value of -2.0. On the basis of kinetic and spectroscopic evidence, Ru(VI)(TPFPP)(O)2, Ru(II)(TPFPP)(CO), and Ru(IV)(TPFPP)Cl2 observed during catalysis were ruled out as candidates for the active catalyst responsible for the high efficiencies and turnover rates in the oxidation reactions. The fastest rates of adamantane hydroxylation with 2,6-dichloropyridine N-oxide were achieved by the reductive activation of Ru(IV)(TPFPP)Cl2 with a zinc amalgam. This redox activation is consistent with the formation of an active Ru(III) intermediate in situ by a one-electron reduction of the Ru(IV) porphyrin. EPR spectra characteristic of Ru(III) have been observed upon the reduction of Ru(IV)(TPFPP)Cl2 with a zinc amalgam. In the adamantane oxidation mediated with Ru(III)(TPFPP)(OEt), it was found that, during this process, the Ru(III) porphyrin was gradually converted to a dioxoRu(VI) porphyrin. Concomitant with this conversion, the reaction rates decreased. Catalyst activation was also stimulated by autoxidation of the solvent CH2Cl2. On the basis of these data, a mechanism is proposed that incorporates a "fast" cycle involving metastable Ru(III) and oxoRu(V) intermediates and a "slow" oxidation cycle, mediated by oxoRu(IV) and trans-dioxoRu(VI) porphyrin complexes.
Etanercept plus Standard Therapy for Wegener's Granulomatosis (2005)

Etanercept is not effective for the maintenance of remission in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Durable remissions were achieved in only a minority of the patients, and there was a high rate of treatment-related complications.
Low Current Perpendicular Domain Wall Motion Cell for Scalable High-Speed MRAM (2006)

We have developed a new magnetic random access memory with current-induced domain wall (DW) motion (DW-motion MRAM). We confirmed its potential of 0.1-mA and 2-ns writing with sufficient thermal stability. The obtained properties indicate that this MRAM can replace conventional high-speed embedded memories.