gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Science Aspects of Etching Reactions (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Peer support group for adolescents (1996)

Clare conway, emma thompson and chris caldwell describe the findings and the benefits from setting up a peer support group for adolescents with brain and spinal tumours
Unsupervised Learning of Visual Structure using Predictive Generative Networks (2015)

The ability to predict future states of the environment is a central pillar of intelligence. At its core, effective prediction requires an internal model of the world and an understanding of the rules by which the world changes. Here, we explore the internal models developed by deep neural networks trained using a loss based on predicting future frames in synthetic video sequences, using a CNN-LSTM-deCNN framework. We first show that this architecture can achieve excellent performance in visual sequence prediction tasks, including state-of-the-art performance in a standard 'bouncing balls' dataset (Sutskever et al., 2009). Using a weighted mean-squared error and adversarial loss (Goodfellow et al., 2014), the same architecture successfully extrapolates out-of-the-plane rotations of computer-generated faces. Furthermore, despite being trained end-to-end to predict only pixel-level information, our Predictive Generative Networks learn a representation of the latent structure of the underlying three-dimensional objects themselves. Importantly, we find that this representation is naturally tolerant to object transformations, and generalizes well to new tasks, such as classification of static images. Similar models trained solely with a reconstruction loss fail to generalize as effectively. We argue that prediction can serve as a powerful unsupervised loss for learning rich internal representations of high-level object features.
Kurzweil Voice:让你的PC机做听写 (1994)

Windows的Kurzweil Voice 1.0版(售价995美元)能把充满办公室的敲键盘的咔咔声全都变成叽叽喳喳的谈话声。这就是语音识别技术的首次良好的尝试。Microsoft Windows的第一个具有听写功能的语音识别产品是一个完整的软硬件包,它能达到打字员的平均速度和准确性。 除了通过Windows环境发布语音命令之外Kurzweil Voice还能直接接收语音命令。安装软件时,你必须在
Autoantibodies against galectins are associated with antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2012)

The presence of autoantibodies against immunoregulatory effectors can be relevant for onset and/or the progression of autoimmune disease. Emerging insights into an immunological activity profile including a role as opsonins give reason to systematically monitor sera of patients for immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies, preferably for several galectins at the same time. Here, we report on a study of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; pilot cohort p, n = 40; confirmation cohort c, n = 109), rheumatoid arthritis (RA; p, n = 32; c, n = 25) and primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS; c, n = 64). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based series using galectin-1, -2, -3, -4, -7, -8 and -9 and natural processing products, i.e. the truncated version of galectin-3 and the N-terminal domains of galectin-4, -8 and -9, were performed. Normal healthy donors (p, n = 20; c, n = 21) and patients with paraproteins (c, n = 19) served as controls. Highly significant optical density-value readings for IgG autoantibodies were consistently detected for the proto-type galectin-7 (SLE) and the tandem repeat-type galectin-8 and -9 (SLE and RA). Their presence was independent from the autoantibody status against double-stranded DNA (for patients with SLE) or a rheumatoid factor (for patients with RA), respectively. Importantly, anti-galectin-2 autoantibodies highly significantly correlated with the appearance of a secondary APS in patients with SLE so that this parameter may serve as an additional biomarker for APS. Equally of note, the presence of IgG autoantibodies against galectins capable to act as an opsonin may contribute to a sustained immune dysregulation in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Energetics and electronic structure of a polyacetylene chain contained in a carbon nanotube (2003)

Using density-functional theory, we calculate the energy and electronic structure of a polyacetylene chain interacting with various carbon nanotubes. We find that polyacetylene chains are weakly attracted exohedrally or endohedrally to nanotubes. The equilibrium separation between the chain and the wall is close to 3.3 \AA{}, suggesting an energetic preference for polyacetylene to be enclosed in nanotubes wider than the (5,5) tube. The chains are expected to be spontaneously pulled into open nanotubes by forces amounting to a fraction of a nanonewton. Electronic structure calculations reveal the occurrence of a peak at the Fermi level in the electronic density of states, caused by the weak interaction between polyacetylene and the carbon nanotube, which may facilitate the onset of superconductivity in this system.
Effect of Immunoaffinity Depletion of Human Serum during Proteomic Investigations (2005)

Controversy exists regarding the proper mining of the human serum proteome. Because of the analytical challenges of accurately measuring samples containing a very large dynamic range of protein concentrations, current practices have employed depletion of the highly abundant housekeeping serum proteins, such as albumin and immunoglobins. There is question as to the selectivity of depletion, namely, is there loss of other non abundant serum proteins along with albumin, haptoglobin and other commonly depleted proteins. In this study, human serum was analyzed with and without immunoaffinity depletion of the six most abundant proteins by multidimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Two replicates of each experiment were conducted and compared against one another. In both depleted and nondepleted replicates there was a 73% and 72% overlap of identified peptides and a 64% and 78% overlap of identified proteins, respectively. Of 262 unique proteins identified in the four experiments, 82 were found in common to all four experiments, 142 unique to the depleted serum, and 38 unique to the nondepleted serum. Although serum depletion of highly abundant proteins significantly increased the number of proteins identified, both the degree of sample complexity and this depletion method resulted in a nonselective loss of other proteins.
Evolution of cooling technology for electrical, electronic, and microelectronic equipment (2003)

Selected aspects of cooling technology for electrical apparatus and electronic devices are considered for the past 80 years. The emphasis is on the past 50 years. The technology has evolved to meet the challenges of microminiaturization, and heat transfer considerations are now an integral part of the design procedure for microelectronic systems.
Activation of human neutrophils by a synthetic anti‐microbial peptide, KLKLLLLLKLK‐NH<sub>2</sub>, via cell surface calreticulin (1999)

We previously reported that a synthetic anti-bacterial peptide, KLKLLLLLKLK-NH2 (L5), showed significant chemotherapeutic activity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected mice, and its ability to activate human neutrophils was related to its chemotherapeutic activity. In this study, we found that activation of neutrophils by L5 was inhibited by pertussis toxin, suggesting that GTP-binding protein (G-protein) participates in this process. We isolated an L5-binding protein, which turned out to be human calreticulin, with a molecular mass of 60 kDa from neutrophil membranes. From experiments using an anti-calreticulin antibody, we proposed that calreticulin is partly localized on the surface of neutrophils, and L5-bound calreticulin transmits a signal into cells via G-protein to activate neutrophils to generate superoxide anion.
A capacitively coupled microplasma (CCµP) formed in a channel in a quartz wafer (2001)

An optical emission plasma source with dimensions as small as 0.25 × 0.25 × 5 mm has been implemented on a quartz wafer. The He plasma, formed using a parallel plate, capacitively coupled geometry, operates at atmospheric pressure, uses a 13.56 MHz power source at 5–25 W, with gas flows between 17–150 mL min−1, and is self-igniting. Parallel-plate capacitive power coupling is nearly ideal for generating and sustaining a plasma discharge “on a chip” since it can be implemented using a very simple electrode structure and does not require tuned or resonant structures.
Mechanically tunable conductive interpenetrating network hydrogels that mimic the elastic moduli of biological tissue (2018)

Conductive and stretchable materials that match the elastic moduli of biological tissue (0.5-500 kPa) are desired for enhanced interfacial and mechanical stability. Compared with inorganic and dry polymeric conductors, hydrogels made with conducting polymers are promising soft electrode materials due to their high water content. Nevertheless, most conducting polymer-based hydrogels sacrifice electronic performance to obtain useful mechanical properties. Here we report a method that overcomes this limitation using two interpenetrating hydrogel networks, one of which is formed by the gelation of the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS. Due to the connectivity of the PEDOT:PSS network, conductivities up to 23 S m<sup>-1</sup> are achieved, a record for stretchable PEDOT:PSS-based hydrogels. Meanwhile, the low concentration of PEDOT:PSS enables orthogonal control over the composite mechanical properties using a secondary polymer network. We demonstrate tunability of the elastic modulus over three biologically relevant orders of magnitude without compromising stretchability ( > 100%) or conductivity ( > 10 S m<sup>-1</sup>).
2D/3D image registration on the GPU (2008)

We present a method that performs a rigid 2D/3D image registration efficiently on the Graphical Processing Unit (GPU). As one main contribution of this paper, we propose an efficient method for generating realistic DRRs that are visually similar to x-ray images. Therefore, we model some of the electronic post-processes of current x-ray C-arm-systems. As another main contribution, the GPU is used to compute eight intensity-based similarity measures between the DRR and the x-ray image in parallel. A combination of these eight similarity measures is used as a new similarity measure for the optimization. We evaluated the performance and the precision of our 2D/3D image registration algorithm using two phantom models. Compared to a CPU + GPU algorithm, which calculates the similarity measures on the CPU, our GPU algorithm is between three and six times faster. In contrast to single similarity measures, our new similarity measure achieved precise and robust registration results for both phantom models.
Multicenter Investigation of the Opioid Antagonist Nalmefene in the Treatment of Pathological Gambling (2006)

Subjects who received nalmefene had a statistically significant reduction in severity of pathological gambling. Low-dose nalmefene (25 mg/day) appeared efficacious and was associated with few adverse events. Higher doses (50 mg/day and 100 mg/day) resulted in intolerable side effects.
Semantic smoothing and fabrication of phrase pairs for SMT (2011)

In statistical machine translation systems, phrases with similar meanings often have similar but not identical distributions of translations. This paper proposes a new soft clustering method to smooth the conditional translation probabilities for a given phrase with those of semantically similar phrases. We call this semantic smoothing (SS). Moreover, we fabricate new phrase pairs that were not observed in training data, but which may be used for decoding. In learning curve experiments against a strong baseline, we obtain a consistent pattern of modest improvement from semantic smoothing, and further modest improvement from phrase pair fabrication. 1.
Efficient Allocation of Electric Vehicles Charging Stations: Optimization Model and Application to a Dense Urban Network (2014)

The deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) needs an optimized and cost-effective implementation of charging stations. As a decision support tool for network design, we define a methodology to allocate charging stations in a real network. This study uses trip OD matrix information from household travel survey coupled with a dynamic vehicle model to evaluate EVs consumption based on realistic trips (urban drive cycles). These trips are computed based on routing tools and supplied with elevation information. This enables an accurate characterization of energy needs in the Lyon Metropolitan Area. All these parameters are used as inputs of an integer linear optimization program for the location of charging stations. The methodology is based on an adaption of the classic fixed charge location model with a p-dispersion constraint. The results indicate that this methodology can help the future implementation of charging stations at an urban scale.
Middleware support for reconciling client updates and data transcoding (2004)

In mobile Internet applications, data can be transcoded, updated, and transferred across heterogenous clients. The problem then arises where updates made in the context of an initial transcoding results in content too stringently transcoded for subsequent clients, thereby causing loss of semantic value. We solve this problem by suggesting that the updates themselves can be transformed so that they can be applied directly to the original data instead of to the transcoded data; this approach allows the data to preserve as much semantic value as possible across all heterogeneous clients without unnecessary transcoding artifacts. We define reconciliation rules that can govern the interaction between client updates and transcoding, demonstrate a complete middleware architecture that supports our methodology, and provide two case studies using content-transferring applications. We show that our resulting middleware system executes our reconciliation approach with acceptable latency (under 5 seconds for 200 kbytes of layered content), good scalability, and well-organised modularity.
Personalizable smartphone application for detecting falls (2014)

A personalizable fall detector system is presented in this paper. It relies on a semisupervised novelty detection technique and has been implemented in a smartphone application. Thus, it has been tested that the algorithm can run comfortably in this kind of devices. Details about the internal structure of the application and a preliminary evaluation are also shown. The main difference with previous approaches relies in the fact that semisupervised techniques only require activities of daily life for its operation. Departures from normal movements are considered as falls. In this way, no simulated falls are needed, except for testing the performance. Therefore, the system can be easily adapted to each user.
A 1.8e $^{-}_{\mathrm {rms}} $ Temporal Noise Over 110-dB-Dynamic Range 3.4 $\mu \text{m}$ Pixel Pitch Global-Shutter CMOS Image Sensor With Dual-Gain Amplifiers SS-ADC, Light Guide Structure, and Multiple-Accumulation Shutter (2017)

A 1.8e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> temporal noise over 110 dB dynamic range 3.4 μm pixel pitch global shutter (GS) CMOS image sensor (C'S) single-slope analog digital converters (ADCs) with dual-gain amplifier (SSDG-ADC), light guide (LG) structure, and multiple-accumulation shutter has been developed for various accuracy required applications. The newly developed C'S pixel achieves low noise, high saturation, high sensitivity, and high frame rate with seamless GS function. Low noise, high saturation, and high frame rate are realized by small photodiode, large charge-domain memory, and seamless multiple-accumulation readout procedure with SSDG-ADC. Furthermore, high sensitivity is realized by the optimized shape LG structure. The GS C'S is fabricated in a 130 nm 1Poly-Si 4Metal with light shield CMOS process. This image sensor achieves 1.8e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> temporal noise, 16 200e full-well capacity with 60 fps multiple-accumulation and 28 000e /lx·s sensitivity. This image sensor also realizes highdynamic range readout procedure and in-pixel coded exposure for deblurred images. We also describe the examination results about the relationship of the sensitivity, parasitic light sensitivity, and LG structure.
Preparation of Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets by High-Gravity Technology (2017)

In this paper, a high-gravity technology was described to prepare two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanosheets from bulk materials. This high-gravity field, producing by a rotating packed bed, provides shear force and collision force to exfoliate layered bulk molybdenum disulfide into nanosheets. The effects of rotational speed, surfactant concentration, exfoliation time, packing volume fraction, and exfoliation time on the concentration were systematically studied. The results showed that the concentration of the as-prepared suspension could be easily controlled. The concentration is 0.37 mg/mL under optimum conditions. Moreover, the dispersion of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanosheets could be stabile for a long time. The lateral size of as-produced molybdenum disulfide nanosheets ranged from 50 to 800 nm, and the mean lateral size was 380 nm. Almost 84% of nanosheets were less than five layers. We also demonstrated that high-gravity technology also can be applied to tungsten disulfide. This technology provides a facile, efficient, and universal approach to prepare two-dimensional materials from layered bulk precursors.
Poisoning and Activation of the Gold Cathode during Electroreduction of  CO 2 (1994)

Carbon dioxide reduction at polycrystalline gold cathode in 0.1 M solution has been re‐examined. Like two other group Ib metal cathodes, Ag and Cu, the Au electrode is shown to undergo progressive deactivation during the electrolysis runs. A periodic, electrochemical activation treatment of the gold electrode is described.
Reliability analysis of self-aligned bipolar transistor under forward active current stress (1986)

The effects of forward active current stress on the electrical characteristics of self-aligned bipolar transistors are reported. The dominant emitter-base junction degradation appears to be due to interface-state generation underneath the sidewall oxide. The leakage current increase in the collector mainly results from electron trapping at the field-oxide/silicon interface. Electromigration at the contact was identified to be the cause of increased collector resistance on those devices without adequate reach-through post-implant annealing treatment.
Spatial-Temporal Fusion for High Accuracy Depth Maps Using Dynamic MRFs (2009)

Time-of-flight range sensors and passive stereo have complimentary characteristics in nature. To fuse them to get high accuracy depth maps varying over time, we extend traditional spatial MRFs to dynamic MRFs with temporal coherence. This new model allows both the spatial and the temporal relationship to be propagated in local neighbors. By efficiently finding a maximum of the posterior probability using Loopy Belief Propagation, we show that our approach leads to improved accuracy and robustness of depth estimates for dynamic scenes.
On the Rate of Gain of Information (1952)

The analytical methods of information theory are applied to the data obtained in certain choice-reaction-time experiments. Two types of experiment were performed: (a) a conventional choice-reaction experiment, with various numbers of alternatives up to ten, and with a negligible proportion of errors, and (b) a ten-choice experiment in which the subjects deliberately reduced their reaction time by allowing themselves various proportions of errors. The principal finding is that the rate of gain of information is, on the average, constant with respect to time, within the duration of one perceptual-motor act, and has a value of the order of five “bits” per second. The distribution of reaction times among the ten stimuli in the second experiment is shown to be related to the objective uncertainty as to which response will be given to each stimulus. The distribution of reaction times among the responses is also related to the same uncertainty. This is further evidence that information is intimately concerned with reaction time. Some possible conceptual models of the process are considered, but tests against the data are inconclusive.
Tangram: Virtual Integration of IP Components in a Distributed Cosimulation (2005)

IP reuse is essential in embedded SoC design, but IP components can use different modeling languages and present heterogeneous interfaces. To efficiently integrate these heterogeneous components, the Tangram environment supports the remote evaluation of IP components, implementing the virtual integration of these components into distributed cosimulation models.
Efficient Water Splitting via a Heteroepitaxial BiVO<sub>4</sub> Photoelectrode Decorated with Co‐Pi Catalysts (2012)

Co-Pi cat: The surface of a BiVO4 film obtained by heteroepitaxy, displaying a morphology akin to interconnected walls, is decorated with Co-Pi catalysts in order to obtain an efficient water-splitting catalyst. Qualitative analysis confirms an increased efficiency of photon use, attributable to the suppression of both bulk and surface recombination owing to the combined effects of heteroepitaxy and surface modification, respectively. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A simple, inexpensive thin-layer chromatography method for the analysis of theophylline tablets. (1989)

A simple, low-cost thin-layer chromatography (TLC) procedure to estimate the quality of simple pharmaceuticals in tablet form is described together with easily built equipment to carry out the test in the field. The approach is demonstrated for theophylline, but can be used to assay the drug content of any tablet or to determine its dissolution or disintegration characteristics. The procedure can be used in the field without the need for any instrumentation.
Implementing the NCTA-CEA PSIP Agreement (2002)

In ATSC-compliant DTV broadcasts, PSIP data provide DTV receivers with tuning information, electronic program guide data, as well as other information supporting a variety of functions. When the DTV broadcasting signal is received by a cable provider, multiplexed and carried on a cable network, the PSIP data need to be preserved and transformed to comply with cable standards. Otherwise, cable-ready DTV receivers may not be able to tune to the signal. In light of this need, the NCTA and CEA have reached an agreement regarding the carriage of PSIP on cable. This paper explores the issues surrounding the adaptation of PSIP data to the cable environment, including the consequences of merging multiple terrestrial transport streams into a single cable transport stream. The paper also presents a sample design and implementation of a system to support PSIP carriage on cable as highlighted by the NCTA-CEA agreement.