gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scattering-angle based filtering of the waveform inversion gradients (2014)

Full waveform inversion (FWI) requires a hierarchical approach to maneuver the complex non-linearity associated with the problem of velocity update. In anisotropic media, the non-linearity becomes far more complex with the potential trade-off between the multiparameter description of the model. A gradient filter helps us in accessing the parts of the gradient that are suitable to combat the potential non-linearity and parameter trade-off. The filter is based on representing the gradient in the time-lag normalized domain, in which the low scattering angle of the gradient update is initially muted out in the FWI implementation, in what we may refer to as a scattering angle continuation process. The result is a low wavelength update dominated by the transmission part of the update gradient. In this case, even 10 Hz data can produce vertically near-zero wavenumber updates suitable for a background correction of the model. Relaxing the filtering at a later stage in the FWI implementation allows for smaller scattering angles to contribute higher-resolution information to the model. The benefits of the extended domain based filtering of the gradient is not only it's ability in providing low wavenumber gradients guided by the scattering angle, but also in its potential to provide gradients free of unphysical energy that may correspond to unrealistic scattering angles.
Femtosecond laser-induced cell fusion (2008)

Femtosecond laser was employed to induce cell fusion. The interface between two protoplasts of Phaffia rhodozyma in contact was irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses with 1.38×104W for 0.25s. After about 20min, the fusion of cells became visible and finally two cells merged into one larger cell within 160min. Fusion rate at this power level was 80%. The experiments suggested the existence of threshold power for cell fusion induced by femtosecond laser. Regarding femtosecond laser pulses as a trigger, we present a hypothetical model for femtosecond laser-induced cell fusion.
Review: Biofunctionalized Quantum Dots in Biology and Medicine (2009)

Quantum dot (QD) nanocrystals which have important optical properties, in particular, the wavelength of their fluorescence, depend strongly on their size. Colloidal QDs once dispersed in a solvent are quite interesting fluorescence probes for all types of labelling studies because of their reduced tendency to photo bleach. In this review, we will give an overview on how QDs have been used so far in cell biology. In particular, we will discuss the biologically relevant properties of QDs and focus on four topics: labeling of cellular structures and receptors with QDs, incorporation of QDs by living cells, tracking the path and the fate of individual cells using QD labels, and QDs as contrast agents. QDs are seen to be much better in terms of efficacy over radioisotopes in tracing medicine in vivo. They are rapidly being applied to existing and emerging technologies but here this review deals with a comprehensive compilation of the biological relevance of quantum dots. It covers important information from 1999 till 2008 with few from 1982 to 1997.
Microsatellite instability-low colorectal cancer acquires a KRAS mutation during the progression from Dukes' A to Dukes' B (2009)

The classification of colorectal cancer (CRC) by microsatellite instability (MSI) status is important for effective clinical management. In fact, microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cancer has distinctive clinicopathological and molecular features. However, microsatellite instability-low (MSI-L) cancer is not clearly defined. The objective of this study was to further clarify the characteristics of MSI-L CRC. A consecutive series of 940 primary CRCs were subdivided into three groups according to the level of MSI and analyzed the clinicopathological features and genetic changes in the KRAS, BRAF and p53 mutation and the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and methylation status of the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and MLH1 promoter. Of the 940 CRCs, 5.9% were MSI-H, 7.1% were MSI-L and 87% were microsatellite stable (MSS). KRAS and BRAF mutations were detected in 39.4 and 4.6% of the CRCs, respectively. The frequency of KRAS mutations in MSI-H, MSI-L and MSS cancer was 30, 48 and 39%, respectively. The proportion of KRAS mutations in MSI-L cancer increased from 16 to 63% accompanying the progression from Dukes' A to Dukes' B. While the LOH of D5S346, which is located near the APC gene, and p53 mutation was observed in 75 and 67% of MSI-L CRC at Dukes' A, respectively. These results indicated that the LOH of APC and p53 mutation has already occurred by the Dukes' A lake 'suppressor pathway' but not the KRAS mutation in MSI-L CRCs. The genes involving MSI-L carcinogenesis are similar to MSS but the timing and frequency of the KRAS mutation is different.
Simultaneous <i>in situ</i> detection of atmospheric NO3 and N2O5 via cavity ring-down spectroscopy (2002)

This article describes the application of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CaRDS) to the simultaneous concentration measurement of nitrate radical, NO3, and dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, in the ambient atmosphere. The sensitivity for detection of both NO3 and N2O5 is 0.5 pptv (2σ) for a 5 s integration, comparable to or better than previous measurements of NO3 (e.g., via DOAS), but with significantly better time resolution. Furthermore, direct measurement of N2O5 represent a previously unavailable capability. Concentrations of both species are measured simultaneously in two separate flow systems and optical cavities pumped by the same pulsed dye laser at 662 nm. One of the flow systems remains at ambient temperature for detection of NO3, while the other is heated to 80 °C to induce thermal decomposition of N2O5 providing a measurement of the sum of the NO3 and N2O5 concentrations. This article outlines a series of laboratory and field tests of the instrument’s performance. Important considerations include signal acquisition, zero measurements, aerosol interference, flow system losses, and the conversion efficiency for N2O5 thermolysis to NO3. We describe the limitations of this method and show how they can be quantified and accounted for in field measurements.
Airline Crew Scheduling: A New Formulation and Decomposition Algorithm (1997)

Airline crew scheduling is concerned with finding a minimum cost assignment of flight crews to a given flight schedule while satisfying restrictions dictated by collective bargaining agreements and the Federal Aviation Administration. Traditionally, the problem has been modeled as a set partitioning problem. In this paper, we present a new model based on breaking the decision process into two stages. In the first stage we select a set of duty periods that cover the flights in the schedule. Then, in the second stage, we attempt to build pairings using those duty periods. We suggest a decomposition approach for solving the model and present computational results for test problems provided by a major carrier. Our formulation provides a tighter linear programming bound than that of the conventional set partitioning formulation but is more difficult to solve.
NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING: SEQUENTIAL UNCONSTRAINED MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES, (1968)

This report gives the most comprehensive and detailed treatment to date of some of the most powerful mathematical programming techniques currently known--sequential unconstrained methods for constrained minimization problems in Euclidean n-space--giving many new results not published elsewhere. It provides a fresh presentation of nonlinear programming theory, a detailed review of other unconstrained methods, and a development of the latest algorithms for unconstrained minimization. (Author)
Profile guided selection of ARM and thumb instructions (2002)

The ARM processor core is a leading processor design for the embedded domain. In the embedded domain, both memory and energy are important concerns. For this reason the 32 bit ARM processor also supports the 16 bit Thumb instruction set. For a given program, typically the Thumb code is smaller than the ARM code. Therefore by using Thumb code the I-cache activity, and hence the energy consumed by the I-cache, can be reduced. However, the limitations of the Thumb instruction set, in comparison to the ARM instruction set, can often lead to generation of poorer quality code. Thus, while Thumb code may be smaller than ARM code, it may perform poorly and thus may not lead to overall energy savings.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Enols. Isolable and Relatively Stable Simple Enols (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gravity-model errors in mobile inertial-navigation systems (1986)

A high-accuracy inertial-navigation system (INS) is to be used to navigate a land-mobile Vehicle travelling at about 30 knots, Over time periods of 2-4 h or less. Important sources of navigation error are the errors in modeling the anomalous gravity forces acting on the vehicle. To obtain acceptable performance, the INS must be accurately compensated in real time for the anomalous gravity. A significant reduction in the growth of navigation errors can be obtained by stopping the vehicle periodically and processing zero-velocity updates in an on-board navigation filter. The land-navigation system design considerations that affect the growth of navigation error due to the gravity-model errors are examined here. These include the grid-spacing of the data base used to derive the real-time gravity compensation, the use of odometer and zero-sideslip measurement data for in-transit INS updating, and the frequency and accuracy of the at-rest zero-velocity updates which are the key to high-accuracy land navigation.
Surface-Mediated Growth of Transparent, Oriented, and Well-Defined Nanocrystalline Anatase Titania Films (2006)

A new, surface-mediated method to grow transparent, oriented, and well-defined nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 films has been developed. The morphology of crystals is tunable from octahedral pyramids to truncate octahedral pyramids. These novel nanocrystalline films could have implications not only for practical applications but also for understanding the structure and orientation dependent properties of the important anatase material.
Influence of feeding regimen on body condition in the cat (2000)

The influence of feeding regimen on body condition in the cat was studied in a sample of the UK domestic cat population (n = 136). Data were collected by interviewing cat owners and assessing body condition of cats in the owners' homes. Four main factors were identified which were related to body condition. These were, in descending order of significance: neuter status, age, frequency of treat feeding, and ad libitum feeding. Feeding regimen as a risk factor in feline obesity is discussed.
Genes for two multicopper proteins required for Fe(III) oxide reduction in Geobacter sulfurreducens have different expression patterns both in the subsurface and on energy-harvesting electrodes (2008)

Previous studies have shown that Geobacter sulfurreducens requires the outer-membrane, multicopper protein OmpB for Fe(III) oxide reduction. A homologue of OmpB, designated OmpC, which is 36 % similar to OmpB, has been discovered in the G. sulfurreducens genome. Deletion of ompC inhibited reduction of insoluble, but not soluble Fe(III). Analysis of multiple Geobacter and Pelobacter genomes, as well as in situ Geobacter, indicated that genes encoding multicopper proteins are conserved in Geobacter species but are not found in Pelobacter species. Levels of ompB transcripts were similar in G. sulfurreducens at different growth rates in chemostats and during growth on a microbial fuel cell anode. In contrast, ompC transcript levels increased at higher growth rates in chemostats and with increasing current production in fuel cells. Constant levels of Geobacter ompB transcripts were detected in groundwater during a field experiment in which acetate was added to the subsurface to promote in situ uranium bioremediation. In contrast, ompC transcript levels increased during the rapid phase of growth of Geobacter species following addition of acetate to the groundwater and then rapidly declined. These results demonstrate that more than one multicopper protein is required for optimal Fe(III) oxide reduction in G. sulfurreducens and suggest that, in environmental studies, quantifying OmpB/OmpC-related genes could help alleviate the problem that Pelobacter genes may be inadvertently quantified via quantitative analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Furthermore, comparison of differential expression of ompB and ompC may provide insight into the in situ metabolic state of Geobacter species in environments of interest.
ECOLOGY OF THE LACTIC STREPTOCOCCI. A REVIEW1 (1972)

Early and recent literature on the nomenclature and sources of lactic streptococci in nature is reviewed. Evidence is presented in favor of including Streptococcus diacetilactis as a recognized species in the group N streptococci. Despite many research efforts, the natural habitat of Streptococcus cremoris remains unknown. An appeal for more ecological studies on these important bacteria is made.
A prototype MR insertable brain PET using tileable GAPD arrays (2013)

These results demonstrate that the simultaneous acquisition of PET and MR images is feasible using the MR insertable PET developed in this study.
Local structure of nitrogen in N-doped amorphous and crystalline GeTe (2012)

The local structure around nitrogen species in N-doped GeTe has been investigated using (soft) x-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-resolution x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The obtained results demonstrate that while in as-deposited amorphous GeTe nitrogen is predominantly bonded to Ge atoms, upon crystallization the majority of nitrogen forms N2 molecules that are likely to be located in the grain boundaries, with only a small fraction of nitrogen species remaining bonded to Ge.
Invited paper Line coding for optical fibre systems (1983)

Abstract General aspects of coding for optical fibre digital transmission systems are considered in this paper. Simplified mathematical models are developed which reveal the relationship between binary, multilevel and duobinary codes in terms of optical penalty. Various properties of binary block codes are discussed, in particular, how the properties relate to code efficiency.
Development of an ultra low NO{sub x} staged mixing burner for pulverized coal (1996)

The 1995 SM-IV staged mixing burner described in this paper represents the most recent development stage of the Steinmueller staged mixing burner series started in 1978. Its main feature is the extreme deep staging ratio of appr. 40% combustion air in the primary combustion zone which results in NO{sub x} emissions as low as 350 to 550 Mg/Nm3 (0.30 to 0.45 lb/MMBtu) depending on the fired fuel properties without additional measures like SOFA or FGR. The ability of deep staging was achieved by a special coal nozzle in combination with a primary throat which both stabilize flame ignition close to the burner outlet. A test burner with 2.5 MW thermal output was subjected to an 8 week test program in the IFRF test furnace in Ijmuiden, The Netherlands. The burner test was accompanied by numerical calculations and cold flow experiments as well. The positive results of the tests led to the application of the burner in a utility boiler with a thermal capacity of 32 MW per burner. After retrofitting the burners the unit was recommissioned in summer 1995. The burners operate without performance problems and were controlled after 9 months of operation during the last outage. The presentation givesmore » experimental data from the test burner and the utility burner as well and describes possibilities of adapting the burner to existing units featuring, e.g., windbox air supply.« less
카지노 시장변화에 따른 한국 카지노산업 발전방안 (2014)

본 연구에서는 세계 카지노의 현황과 시사점, 그리고 국내 카지노 현황을 각종 문헌 및 통계자료 등을 통해 살펴봄으로써 국내 카지노산업의 문제점과 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한 이를 통해 관광산업과의 연계를 통한 경쟁력 있는 국내 카지노산업의 발전방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 세계 카지노 시장에서 미국의 비중이 줄어들고 있는 반면 아시아 지역의 비중은 점차 커지고 있다. 이와 같은 아시아 카지노의 성장요인은 마카오의 라스베이거스 카지노 자본도입과 싱가포르의 카지노 허가 등에서 찾을 수 있다. 세계 카지노산업의 추세로는 복합리조트(IR: Integrated Resort)화, 민영화, 규제완화, 고객의 대중화, 게임종류의 다양화 등을 들 수 있는데 이중 가장 두드러지는 추세는 카지노의 복합리조트화라고 할수 있다. 국내 카지노산업은 테이블 게임 위주의 시설 및 관리구조를 가지고 있기 때문에 대중 관광객을 위한 다양한 테마 및 엔터테인먼트 시설들이 부족하다. 따라서 국내 카지노 산업의 경쟁력 강화를 위해 컨벤션, 테마파크, 엔터테인먼트 시설들이 통합된 복합리조트 개발이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.
A G-quadruplex-interactive agent, telomestatin (SOT-095), induces telomere shortening with apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia. (2004)

Telomerase, the ribonucleoprotein enzyme maintaining the telomeres of eukaryotic chromosomes, is up-regulated in the vast majority of human neoplasias but not in normal somatic tissues. Therefore, the telomerase complex represents a promising universal therapeutic target in cancer. Telomeric G-rich single-stranded DNA can adopt in vitro an intramolecular quadruplex structure, which has been shown to inhibit telomerase activity. We examined G-quadruplex interactive agent, telomestatin (SOT-095), for its ability to inhibit the proliferation of human leukemia cells, including freshly obtained leukemia cells. Telomere length was determined by either the terminal restriction fragment method or flow-FISH, and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Moreover, chemosensitivity was examined in telomestatin-treated U937 cells before ultimate telomere shortening. Treatment with telomestatin reproducibly inhibited telomerase activity in U937 and NB4 cells followed by telomere shortening. Enhanced chemosensitivity toward daunorubicin and cytosine-arabinoside was observed in telomestatin-treated U937 cells, before ultimate telomere shortening. Telomere shortening associated with apoptosis by telomestatin was evident in some freshly obtained leukemia cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients, regardless of sub-types of AML and post-myelodysplasia AML. These results suggest that disruption of telomere maintenance by telomestatin limits the cellular lifespan of AML cells, as well. However, in a minority of AML patients apoptosis was not evident, thus indicating that resistant mechanism might exist in some freshly obtained AML cells. Therefore, further investigation of telomestatin as a therapeutic agent is warranted.
Role of<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>in atherosclerosis (2008)

Cardiovascular disease, resulting from atherosclerosis, is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Genetic predisposition and classical environmental risk factors explain much of the attributable risk for cardiovascular events in populations, but other risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis, which can be identified and modified, may be important therapeutic targets. Infectious agents, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, have been proposed as contributory factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In the present review, we consider the experimental evidence that has accumulated over the last 20 years evaluating the role of C. pneumoniae in atherosclerosis and suggest areas for future research in this field.
Metal-Free Coupling of Saturated Heterocyclic Sulfonylhydrazones with Boronic Acids (2013)

The coupling of aromatic moieties with saturated heterocyclic partners is currently an area of significant interest for the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, we present a procedure for the metal-free coupling of 4-, 5-, and 6-membered saturated heterocyclic p-methoxyphenyl (PMP) sulfonylhydrazones with aryl and heteroaromatic boronic acids. This procedure enables a simple, two-step synthesis of a range of functionalized sp(2)-sp(3) linked bicyclic building blocks, including oxetanes, piperidines, and azetidines, from their parent ketones.
중국(中國)의 언론(言論)과 언론학연구(言論學硏究) ; 중국의 주요 인터넷 매체(媒體)들의 현황(現況) (2001)

중국의 인터넷신문이 커뮤니케이션학 영역에서 갈수록 주목을 받고 있는데 대형 인터넷신문 사이트가 몇몇 나타났다. 현재 상황을 보면 중국의 인터넷신문 사이트는 주로 3가지 유형으로 나누어져 있다. 첫째, 대형 상업사이트에서 제공하는 뉴스서비스이다. 둘째, 전통매체가 직접 인터넷신문을 개설하고 운영하는 유형이다. 셋째, 뉴스그룹이 종합뉴스 사이트를 운영하는 유형이다. 다음에 구체적으로 설명하도록 하겠다.\n1. 상업사이트의 뉴스서비스\n중국에서 비교적 유명한 상업사이트는 sina.com, sohu.com, 163.com, 8848. com, FM365.com, china.com 등이 있다. 이런 사이트는 모두 뉴스를 개재하고 있고 뉴스서비스의 양이 많고 사이트 방문량이 많다는 특징을 갖고 있다. 예컨대, 하루당 뉴스서비스의 양은, sina.com이 1,000여개, sohu.com과 163.com은 800여개, FM365는 600~800개이다. 상업사이트의 경우에는 수용자의 뉴스에 대한 요구를 중요시하고 뉴스서비스를 네티즌을 흡인하는 주요 수단으로 삼는 것과 동시에 일정한 충성도(loyalty)를 양성하게 되면서 크나큰 방문량을 얻었다. sina.com, sohu.com, 163.com 등 사이트의 뉴스 웹페이지의 클릭률이 1백만 번 이상이고 영향이 아주 크다. 예컨대, sina.com 의 뉴스 웹페이지의 클릭률은 매일 평균 300여만 번이고 sohu.com, 163.com는 300여 만이며 FM365 의 평균 클릭률은 200반쯤이다. 중국 인터넷정보센터 (CNNIC)가 2001년 1월 발표한 중국인터넷 발전상황보고서에 기재된 사이트 영향력 순위 조사에 의하며 앞순위를 차지히는 사이트는 전부 상업사이트이다. 이는 이들 상업사이트가 네티즌 중에 비교적 큰 영향력을 가지고 있다는 점을 말해 준다.
A Unified Distributed System Architecture for Goal-based Interaction with Smart Environments (2009)

The vision of Ambient Intelligence is based on the ubiquity of information technology. Future infrastructures must be able to configure themselves from the available components in order to be effective in the real world. It will be illustrated that a goal based approach is reasonable and how explicit goals can be used to find device spanning strategies that assist the user. An overall concept and architecture based on goal based interaction will be illustrated. Different concepts of cooperation strategies will be introduced and finally an evaluation will prove the validity of the approach.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Ochratoxin A in Pure and Adulterated Soluble Coffee Using an Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup Procedure (1996)

An immunoaffinity column/HPLC procedure was developed to quantify low levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in green coffee beans, roasted coffee beans, and soluble (instant) coffee with greater than 80% recoveries. The method was used to survey 116 soluble coffee samples from various countries and different manufacturers and showed contamination levels ranging from “not detectable” to 15.9 μg/kg. The highest levels of OTA were detected among soluble coffees that had been adulterated with coffee husks and/or coffee parchments (mean contamination level: 5.9 μg/kg). By comparison, OTA concentrations in pure soluble coffee samples were significantly lower, with a mean contamination level of 1.1 μg/kg. Although higher than normal figures have been found in some products purchased in East European countries, the results of this survey indicate that pure soluble coffee is not a major source of OTA in the diet, with estimated intakes being well within safety limits. Keywords: Ochratoxin A; soluble coffee; analysis; HPLC; adulteration
RECENT ADVANCES IN PULSED SUPERSONIC SOURCES (2008)

Author Institution: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv Israel
Giant Dielectric Response in Perovskite-Derivative CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Prepared by Polymerized Complex Method (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.