gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanowire-Mesh-Templated Growth of Out-of-Plane Three-Dimensional Fuzzy Graphene (2017)

Graphene, a honeycomb sp<sup>2</sup> hybridized carbon lattice, is a promising building block for hybrid-nanomaterials due to its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. Graphene can be readily obtained through mechanical exfoliation, solution-based deposition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The resulting graphene films' topology is two-dimensional (2D) surface. Recently, synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) graphitic networks supported or templated by nanoparticles, foams, and hydrogels was reported. However, the resulting graphene films lay flat on the surface, exposing 2D surface topology. Out-of-plane grown carbon nanostructures, such as vertically aligned graphene sheets (VAGS) and vertical carbon nanowalls (CNWs), are still tethered to 2D surface. 3D morphology of out-of-plane growth of graphene hybrid-nanomaterials which leverages graphene's outstanding surface-to-volume ratio has not been achieved to date. Here we demonstrate highly controlled synthesis of 3D out-of-plane single- to few-layer fuzzy graphene (3DFG) on a Si nanowire (SiNW) mesh template. By varying graphene growth conditions (CH<sub>4</sub> partial pressure and process time), we control the size, density, and electrical properties of the NW templated 3DFG (NT-3DFG). 3DFG growth can be described by a diffusion-limited-aggregation (DLA) model. The porous NT-3DFG meshes exhibited high electrical conductivity of ca. 2350 S m<sup>-1</sup>. NT-3DFG demonstrated exceptional electrochemical functionality, with calculated specific electrochemical surface area as high as ca. 1017 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> for a ca. 7 μm thick mesh. This flexible synthesis will inspire formation of complex hybrid-nanomaterials with tailored optical and electrical properties to be used in future applications such as sensing, and energy conversion and storage.
Investigation on the ski-snow interaction in a carved turn based on the actual measurement (2010)

Based on the actual measurement on the ski deflection, ski-snow contacting pressure, boot-ski load, turn radius, snow groove geometry in a carved turn and the bending stiffness distribution of the ski, mutual relations have been investigated to elucidate the ski-snow interaction mechanism. Boot-ski load and the contacting pressure distribution on the running surface satisfy force equilibrium and moment equilibrium. The deflection of the ski is related with the moment distribution and bending stiffness distribution of the ski. The pattern of the pressure distribution changed with the bending stiffness distribution of the ski on the same hardness of the snow in the measurement.
Isolation and structural characterization of fucosylated gangliosides with linear poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl chains from human granulocytes (1996)

The isolation and structural characterization of fucosylated neolacto-series gangliosides with linear poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl chains from normal human granulocytes is described. Gangliosides were purified by consecutive use of anion exchange HPLC on Fractogel TMAE-650(S), adsorption and reversed phase HPLC on Nucleosil 50-7 and Nucleosil 7C18 columns, respectively. TLC immunostaining with carbohydrate specific monoclonal antibodies, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) of the permethylated derivatives and gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry (GC-EIMS) of partially methylated alditol acetates were used for structure elucidations. One ganglioside was identified as sialyl Lewis(x) antigen with nLcOse6Cer core, Neu5-Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4 (Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc NAc beta 1-3 Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer. Furthermore, monosialylated ceramide deca-, undeca-, dodeca- and tridecasaccharides with three (nLcOse8Cer) and four (nLcOse10Cer) linear lactosaminyl repeats were identified, carring one to three fucoses. The ceramide portions were found to contain C18 sphingosine and predominantly C16:0 fatty acids. All monosialogangliosides were homogenous concerning their terminal alpha 2-3 Neu5Ac-sialylation, but different in their fucosylation status. Beside VI3Neu5Ac, V3Fuc-nLcOse6Cer, in two of the fucosylated polylactosaminyl ganglioside fractions the sialyl Lewis(x) epitope was found, whereas five species expressed the terminal VIM-2 motif. The role of protein linked sialy Lewis(x) epitope of human granulocytes as a ligand for endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1; E-selectin) and platelet activation-dependent granule external membrane protein (PADGEM; P-selectin) is well documented. However, the involvement of endothelial cells E-and/or P-selectin mediated cell-cell adhesion via lipid bound sialyl Lewis(x) and/or VIM-2 epitopes on human granulocytes has to be proved in further investigations.
Intact‐protein based sample preparation strategies for proteome analysis in combination with mass spectrometry (2004)

The complexity of tissue and cell proteomes and the vast dynamic range of protein abundance present a formidable challenge for analysis that no one analytical technique can overcome. As a result, there is a need to integrate technologies to achieve the high-resolution and high-sensitivity analysis of complex biological samples. The combined technologies of separation science and biological mass spectrometry (Bio-MS) are the current workhorse in proteomics, and are continuing to evolve to meet the needs for high sensitivity and high throughput. They are relied upon for protein quantification, identification, and analysis of post-translational modifications (PTMs). The standard technique of two dimensional poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) offers relatively limited resolution and sensitivity for the simultaneous analysis of all cellular proteins, with only the most highly abundant proteins detectable in whole cell or tissue-derived samples. Hence, many alternative strategies are being explored. Numerous sample preparation procedures are currently available to reduce sample complexity and to increase the detectability of low-abundance proteins. Maintaining proteins intact during sample preparation has important advantages compared with strategies that digest proteins at an early step. These strategies include the ability to quantitate and recover proteins, and the assessment of PTMs. A review of current intact protein-based strategies for protein sample preparation prior to mass spectrometry (MS) is presented in the context of biomedically driven applications.
Hydrodynamic properties of model 3‐miktoarm star copolymers (1995)

Abstract The synthesis of well‐defined, nearly monodispersed, 3‐miktoarm (from the greek word μ lk τós meaning mixed) star copolymer of the A 2 B type is described. A and B is either polystyrene (PS), polybutadiene (PBd), or polyisoprene (PI). The sequential controlled addition of living anionic B and A chains to methyltrichlorosilane leads to narrow molecular weight distribution miktoarm star copolymers with homogeneous composition. Characterization was carried out by size exclusion chromatography, low‐angle laser light scattering, laser differential refractometry, membrane and vapor pressure osmometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Analysis of [η], R H and R v of the A 2 B and one A 2 B 2 miktoarm copolymers, suggests that a small expansion of the copolymer occurs either in a good solvent for both species or in a Θ solvent for one of them, as compared with the corresponding star homopolymers. This is in contrast to results obtained on linear block copolymers, and is due to the increased occurrence of heterocontacts in the miktoarm starshaped architecture. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A common ancestor for mammalian 3 <i>β</i>-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and plant dihydroflavonol reductase (1990)

Correspondence| July 15 1990 A common ancestor for mammalian 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and plant dihydroflavonol reductase M E Baker; M E Baker Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Y Luu-The; Y Luu-The Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J Simard; J Simard Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar F Labrie F Labrie Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1990) 269 (2): 558–559. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2690558 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M E Baker, Y Luu-The, J Simard, F Labrie; A common ancestor for mammalian 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and plant dihydroflavonol reductase. Biochem J 15 July 1990; 269 (2): 558–559. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2690558 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 London: The Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Optical properties of Ga monocrystal in the 0.3-5-eV range (1977)

The optical constants relative to each crystallographic axis of Ga monocrystals in the range 0.3-5 eV have been determined from reflectance measurements at normal incidence with the light being polarized parallel to each axis. We report on thermoreflectance spectra and give the corresponding changes in the dielectric constants. The spectra are interpreted in terms of electronic interband and intraband transitions.
Manufacture of Third-Generation Lentivirus for Preclinical Use, with Process Development Considerations for Translation to Good Manufacturing Practice (2017)

Lentiviral vectors are used in laboratories around the world for in vivo and ex vivo delivery of gene therapies, and increasingly clinical investigation as well as preclinical applications. The third-generation lentiviral vector system has many advantages, including high packaging capacity, stable gene expression in both dividing and post-mitotic cells, and low immunogenicity in the recipient organism. Yet, the manufacture of these vectors is challenging, especially at high titers required for direct use in vivo, and further challenges are presented by the process of translating preclinical gene therapies toward manufacture of products for clinical investigation. The goals of this paper are to report the protocol for manufacturing high-titer third-generation lentivirus for preclinical testing and to provide detailed information on considerations for translating preclinical viral vector manufacture toward scaled-up platforms and processes in order to make gene therapies under Good Manufacturing Practice that are suitable for clinical trials.
An Analytical Approach for Synthesizing Line Actuation Spaces of Parallel Flexure Mechanisms (2013)

In this study, we present an analytical approach for synthesizing line actuation spaces of a parallel flexure mechanism (PFM) that can help designers to arrange linear actuators within the PFM in a correct and optimal way. On the basis of screw theory and upon an assumption of small deformations, an important synthesis criterion stated as "any actuation space of a flexure mechanism is always linearly independent of its constraint space" has been derived and disclosed for the first time. Guided by this criterion, a general synthesis process for the line actuation spaces of PFMs is introduced and demonstrated with several selective examples. The proposed synthesis criterion and process will enable designers to (i) systematically formulate line actuation spaces in the format of screw systems; (ii) likely yield a multiple solution to actuation spaces; and (iii) potentially determine an optimal result from those alternatives for actuator placement.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen and CD44 Variant Isoforms Cooperate to Mediate Colon Carcinoma Cell Adhesion to E- and L-selectin in Shear Flow (2008)

Selectin-mediated adhesion of tumor cells to platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells may regulate their hematogenous dissemination in the microvasculature. We recently identified CD44 variant isoforms (CD44v) as functional P-, but not E-or L-, selectin ligands on colon carcinoma cells. Moreover, an 180-kDa sialofucosylated glycoprotein(s) mediated selectin binding in CD44-knockdown cells. Using immunoaffinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, we identify this glycoprotein as the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Blot rolling assays and flow-based adhesion assays using microbeads coated with CEA immunopurified from LS174T colon carcinoma cells and selectins as substrate reveal that CEA possesses E-and L-, but not P-, selectin ligand activity. CEA on CD44knockdown LS174T cells exhibits higher HECA-452 immunoreactivity than CEA on wild-type cells, suggesting that CEA functions as an alternative acceptor for selectin-binding glycans. The enhanced expression of HECA-452 reactive epitopes on CEA from CD44-knockdown cells correlates with the increased CEA avidity for E-but not L-selectin. Through the generation of stable knockdown cell lines, we demonstrate that CEA serves as an auxiliary L-selectin ligand, which stabilizes L-selectin-dependent cell rolling against fluid shear. Moreover, CEA and CD44v cooperate to mediate colon carcinoma cell adhesion to E-and L-selectin at elevated shear stresses. The novel finding that CEA is an E-and L-selectin ligand may explain the enhanced metastatic potential associated with tumor cell CEA overexpression and the supportive role of selectins in metastasis.
Virtual patients get real (2005)

Context and setting Virtual patients are a fairly easy bunch to get along with. You make up their identity and their symptoms and then ask your learners about their diagnosis. If they do not bring out the teaching points that you wanted them to, then you can change their symptoms. They do not get tired or sick when medical students are seeing them. If only the real world was so easy. Why the idea was necessary http://www.bmjlearning.com is an interactive learning website for general practitioners in the United Kingdom. It contains interactive case histories which are built around virtual patients. However, many of our users complained that the virtual patients were too agreeable and flexible. This took learners a step further away from the reality that they faced in everyday practice and made them disengage from the learning. We decided to overcome this problem by involving real patients in reviewing and writing our modules. What was done We asked members of our patient advisory group to review modules and offer criticisms of the language and style of the modules. Our reviewers often think that our virtual patients are too compliant and always do what their doctor tells them to do. As a result, our virtual patients now ask more questions and complain when they do not obtain the information that they want. Our patient advisers also tell us when we make the error of calling patients with diabetes ‘diabetics’ or when we say ‘start the patient on warfarin’ instead of ‘discuss with the patient the advantages and disadvantages of treatment with warfarin and recommend starting warfarin’. We have learned a great deal and felt we should allow our learners to also learn from our mistakes, so we have asked patients to write commentaries on our learning modules and have published these commentaries. We also decided to allow patients to write learning modules themselves. We asked a patient to write a learning module on the role that patients can play in advising other patients with chronic diseases. Evaluation of results and impact Learners have provided very useful feedback on the new modules which patients have helped to review. They have told us that these modules are closer to real life. They have also provided positive feedback on the module which was written by a patient. They have stated that this module was ‘interesting’, ‘enlightening’ and ‘time well spent’. The patient reviewers have provided useful feedback on the process and say that they are delighted for their views to be taken into account. We, as editors, have also learned from the process and now review modules with the authenticity of the scenario foremost in our minds. We have found that the barriers to patient involvement are issues of consent and confidentiality and have overcome these by explaining to patients exactly what they will be doing and who will be reading the module. We also offer patients who write commentaries and modules anonymity, but many of them are happy to waive this.
LIVER DYSFUNCTION IN ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION RECIPIENTS (1996)

Liver dysfunction is common in allogeneic bone marrow graft recipients, but no systematic studies of pre- and posttransplantation liver biopsies have been performed to identify and compare hepatic lesions. This study involved 25 consecutive patients who had undergone serial viral screening tests, liver tests, and pre- and posttransplantation liver biopsy. The aims were to ascertain the origin of liver disorders prior to bone marrow transplantation, to determine the mechanism and severity of liver dysfunction occurring early after transplantation, and to identify a possible relationship between pre-existing liver lesions and the frequency and nature of early liver dysfunction after transplantation. Pretransplantation biochemical liver tests were abnormal in 72% of patients, despite the absence of clinical liver disease. Eleven patients had chronic viral hepatitis B or C. Mild or moderate histological lesions were present in all the patients, with bile duct abnormalities in 48%, central vein abnormalities in 24%, sinusoidal fibrosis in 52%, portal fibrosis in 88%, portal necrosis in 52%, and parenchymal siderosis in 76%. After transplantation, fatal veno-occlusive disease occurred in two patients and biochemical abnormalities occurred in 24. Coded review of needle biopsy specimens failed to provide a single diagnosis. Histological lesions differed between pre- and posttransplantation biopsy specimens only by increased iron overload (96%, P<0.01). We conclude that pretransplant liver lesions contribute to hepatic dysfunction early after bone marrow transplantation, being very similar in nature and degree to lesions observed posttransplantation.
Stereoscopic image inpainting using scene geometry (2011)

In this paper we propose an algorithm for stereoscopic image inpainting, given the inpainting mask in both images. We also assume that depth map is known in one of the images of the stereo pair, taken as reference. This image is clustered in homogeneous color regions using a mean-shift procedure. In each clustered region, depths are fitted by planes and then extended into the mask. Then we inpaint the visible parts of each extended region using a modified exemplar-based inpainting algorithm. Finally, we extend the algorithm to stereoscopic image inpainting. We display some experiments showing the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Dual-band textile hexagonal artificial magnetic conductor for WiFi wearable applications (2012)

A novel dual-band textile hexagonal AMC design covering the entire 2.5/5.5 GHz WiFi bands for wearable applications is presented through FEM simulations and reflection coefficient phase measurements in anechoic chamber. The designed structure shows polarization-angle independence under normal incidence and its angular stability under oblique incidence is also analyzed.
Development of adult pluripotent stem cell therapies for ischemic injury and disease (2007)

Over the past 5 years, adult pluripotent stem cell lines have been isolated from multiple organs and tissues in laboratories worldwide. Adult pluripotent stem cells are capable of regenerating tissues of all three primitive germ layers and express pluripotency markers, such as Oct4 or telomerase, which are associated with the primitive stem cell properties of embryonic stem cells. As our collective understanding of the biology of these unique cells has improved, so has our ability to isolate, expand and subsequently evaluate them as therapeutics in preclinical models of acute injury and disease. Pluripotent adult stem cells, as opposed to tissue-restricted adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stromal cells; have extensive replicative capacity enabling large-scale clinical expansion. This is essential to achieving consistent clinical response data and enabling the cost-effective production necessary for commercial adoption. In addition, investigators have reported effective use of allogeneic adult pluripotent stem cells in acute ischemic injury models in the heart and brain, supporting the 'off the shelf' product concept for this cellular therapy. In this article, the authors review preclinical animal data demonstrating the benefit of pluripotent adult progenitor cells in the treatment of ischemic injuries of the heart, vascular system and CNS.
Modified stator flux estimation based direct torque controlled PMSM drive for hybrid electric vehicle (2012)

This paper presents a modified stator flux estimation based direct torque control drive of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) used in an hybrid electrical vehicle. It provides satisfactory transient and steady state performance of machine torque and speed over a wide speed variation. This utilizes a modified stator flux estimation scheme where a phase and magnitude compensator has been introduced at the output of low pass filter to compensate the error; this error keeps on changing with machine operating frequency. Detail simulation studies are carried out to verify the results in Matlab simulink platform.
Multi-Faceted Information Retrieval System for Large Scale Email Archives (2005)

We profile a system for search and analysis of large-scale email archives. The system builds around four facets: content-based search engine, statistical topic model, automatically inferred social networks, and time-series analysis. The facets correspond to the types of information available in email data. The presented system allows chaining or combining the facets flexibly. Results of one facet may be used as input to another yielding remarkable combinatorial power. In information retrieval point of view, the system provides support for exploration, approximate textual searches and data visualization. We present some experimental results based on a large real-world email corpus.
Approximate Analytical Model for Hertzian Elliptical Contact Problems (2006)

Abstract In rolling bearing analysis Hertzian contact theory is used to compute local contact stiffness. This theory does not have a closed form analytical solution and requires numerical calculations to obtain results. Using approximations of elliptical functions and with a mathematical study of Hertzian results, an empirical explicit formulation is proposed in this paper and allows us to obtain the dimensions, the displacement, and the contact stress with at least 0.003% precision and it can be applied to a large range of ellipticity of the contact surface.