gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shipboard polymerization of acrylic acid (1987)

Abstract In 1975 glacial acrylic acid polymerized in a tank of the S.S. Alchemist four days from port. Vapor and liquid vented at high pressure for three hours. Retained acid was stable. Probably steam leaking into steam coils or a deadheaded pump caused overheating that set off polymerization.
Rule-based Reasoning for Semantic Image Segmentation and Interpretation. (2006)

Abstract — In this paper, we propose the application of rulebased reasoning for knowledge assisted image segmentation and object detection. A region merging approach is proposed based on fuzzy labeling and not on visual descriptors, while reasoning is used in evaluation of dissimilarity between adjacent regions according to rules applied on local information. Index Terms — Knowledge-assisted analysis, rule-based reasoning, semantic region merging. I.
Complex formation of platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa with fibrinogen. (1982)

We have recently reported the isolation of purified platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa and the generation of monospecific antisera to these membrane proteins. Using these monospecific antisera in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system, it is no demonstrated that glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) and glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) form a complex with purified human fibrinogen. The formation of this GPIIb-GPIIIa fibrinogen complex is calcium dependent, fibrinogen specific, saturable, and inhibited by specific amino sugars and amino acids. These observations suggest that the GPIIb-GPIIIa macromolecular complex on the platelet surface acts under the proper physiologic circumstances as the fibrinogen binding site required for normal platelet aggregation.
Sparse target counting and localization in sensor networks based on compressive sensing (2011)

In this paper, we propose a novel compressive sensing (CS) based approach for sparse target counting and positioning in wireless sensor networks. While this is not the first work on applying CS to count and localize targets, it is the first to rigorously justify the validity of the problem formulation. Moreover, we propose a novel greedy matching pursuit algorithm (GMP) that complements the well-known signal recovery algorithms in CS theory and prove that GMP can accurately recover a sparse signal with a high probability. We also propose a framework for counting and positioning targets from multiple categories, a novel problem that has never been addressed before. Finally, we perform a comprehensive set of simulations whose results demonstrate the superiority of our approach over the existing CS and non-CS based techniques.
Knowledge Discovery meets Linked APIs (2013)

Abstract. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) is a very wellestablished research eld with useful techniques that explore patterns and regularities in large relational, structured and unstructured datasets. Theoretical and practical development in this eld have led to useful and scalable solutions for the tasks of pattern mining, clustering, graph mining, and predictions. In this paper, we demonstrate that these approaches represent great potential to solve a series of problems and make further optimizations in the setting of Web APIs, which have been signi cantly increasing recently. In particular, approaches integrating Web APIs and Linked Data, also referred to as Linked APIs, provide novel opportunities for the application of synergy approaches with KDD methods. We give insights on several aspects that can be covered through such synergy approach, then focus, speci cally, on the problem of API usage mining via statistical relational learning. We propose a Hidden Relational Model, which explores the usage of Web APIs to enable analysis and prediction. The bene t of such model lies on its ability to capture the relational structure of API requests. This approach might help not only to gain insights about the usage of the APIs, but most importantly to make active predictions on which APIs to link together for creating useful mashups, or facilitating API composition. 1
Development of a New CO<sub>2</sub> Sequestration Process Utilizing the Carbonation of Waste Cement (2004)

We propose a new sequestration process for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) that uses waste cement. The proposed process consists of two main reactions. The first is the extraction of calcium ions (Ca2+) from waste cement particles by pressurized carbon dioxide (several megapascals of pressure). The second is the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Ca2+ extracted from waste cement is deposited as CaCO3 when the pressure is reduced. CaCO3 is disposed of directly, or recycled as a raw material for cement production. In the latter case, the same amount of CO2 is considered to be sequestered because the net amount of virgin limestone mined can be reduced. The power consumption and cost of the proposed sequestration process for CO2 emitted from a 100 MW thermal power plant were evaluated, on the basis of laboratory-scale experimental results. The power consumption for the operating process strongly depended on the operating conditions such as the cement/water ratio, the CO2 pressure, and the average cement diameter. The minimum power consumption was 25.9 MW/100 MW of power generation when optimized within the operating conditions studied experimentally, and the sequestration cost associated with the power consumption (excluding capital and maintenance) would be about $22.6/t of carbon dioxide. This result indicates that the present process is highly competitive with previously reported CO2 sequestration scenarios such as ocean sequestration. Sensitivity analysis of the operating parameters was carried out on the operating power consumption, and it was found that a smaller ratio of waste cement to water and a lower CO2 pressure will decrease the operating power consumption.
Study the Effects of Different Surfactants on Hydrophilicity of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (2012)

The outstanding characteristics of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) caused its extensive use as base material to manufacture microfluidic devices. PDMS has numerous advantages coming from instinct properties such as its low cost, simple fabrication procedure, and robust nature that make it a compatible material in many applications such as biological and biomedical engineering. In spite of favorable physical and chemical properties, hydrophobic surface of PDMS is sometimes debatable. Because of PDMS is highly hydrophobic, pumping aqueous solution through microchannels using only capillary forces might be difficult. Although many surface treatments methods have been proposed to modify and increase the hydrophilicity of PDMS [Oxygen plasma [1], UV-radiation [2], Silanization and Chemical vapour deposition [3],…], the use of surfactants is the most effective and easiest method to overcome the hydrophobicity compared to more complex protocols which require expensive facilities [4,5]. The hydrophilic behavior of surfactant-added PDMS and especially its biocompatibility has allowed many microfluidic bio-applications such as separation of biomolecules [6,7], blood cell separation [8] and cell-based assay [9,10]. This paper discusses about the efficiency of adding different surfactants on the wettability of PDMS.
The American Diaspora 39 45 51 57 60 (2005)

The American DiasporaThrough most of the nineteenth century, th ee groups practiced homeopathy in America: licensed physicians, lay practitioners, and self-care advocates. Their strongest adherents were in New York, Pennsylvania, and the Midwest due principally to the proselytizing effectiveness of Hans Burch Gram and his followers; the influence of German immigrant doctors; the support given by the social, intellectual, and business elites; the advocacy role taken by clergy and other lay advocates; and the cultural affinity of homeopathy to theological perfectionism and America’s liberal sectarian tendencies.1 Homeopathy also proved popular because it was cost-effective, a factor not lost upon elected officials since it proved kind to municipal coffers. Together, these elements provided homeopaths with entrée into many communities and won them equity before the law. Of the three groups that practiced homeopathy, lay practitioners and self-care advocates held ancillary roles to the more authoritative academics. Lay voices gave homage to the principles of homeopathy, but because their theories and practices were often idiosyncratic, they tended to operate on the fringe, tempting homeopaths with the siren appeals of their more extreme positions. Not until the eclipse of academic homeopathy in the early twentieth century would these adherents move as pseudoprofessional activists into leadership roles within the movement.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride-based disinfectant: a novel tool to fight meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and nosocomial infections (2008)

Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMGH), an antimicrobial biocide of the guanidine family, was tested for efficacy against quality-control strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli. Bactericidal activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella choleraesuis was determined using the official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, with modifications as recommended by the Canadian General Standards Board. For MRSA and E. coli, the MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration were determined using the broth dilution technique. The experiments were carried out at 20 degrees C under a range of conditions including varying PHMGH concentration (0.001-0.1 %), contact time (0.5-10 min) and water type (distilled, tap and hard water). The phenol coefficient values determined with S. aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis and P. aeruginosa were 7.5, 6.1 and 5, respectively. No matter what type of water was used to make the dilutions, PHMGH killed MRSA and E. coli at concentrations as low as 0.04 and 0.005 % (w/v), respectively, within 1.5 min. The mode of action of PHMGH was elucidated by transmission electron microscopy: the cell envelope was broken, resulting in cell content leakage into the medium. The ultimate aim of this study was to show that PHMGH can be used as an odourless, colourless, non-corrosive and harmless disinfectant for hospital and household facilities.
Hierarchical platoon control with heterogeneous information feedback (2011)

The problem of autonomous platoon control via wireless communication network is studied in this study. Firstly, a novel hybrid model is established for the platoon's longitudinal movement, where disturbances of lead vehicle acceleration and wind gust, parameter uncertainties and intermediate uncertainties induced by communication network (e.g. time delay, quantisation and packet dropout) are given full considerations and involved in the model for the first time. Then, the authors establish a hierarchical platoon controller design framework comprising a feedback linearisation controller at the first layer and a guaranteed cost H∞ controller at the second layer. By reducing the non-linear system to a linear model using the top layer feedback linearisation controller, a robust H∞ controller, the kernel controller, is designed utilising novel techniques in robust control of time-delay systems. For the general objective of disturbance attenuation, string stability and robust platoon control to be achieved simultaneously, the robust H∞ controller is complemented by additional conditions established for guaranteeing string stability and zero steady-state spacing errors. Simulations are given to show the efficiency of the proposed results.
Design of a low cost signal conditioning circuit for self-compensated non contact capacitive type multi threshold liquid level sensor (2014)

A novel technique to design a reliable signal conditioning circuit (SCC) for self-compensating capacitive sensor meant for multi threshold liquid level measurements is presented in this paper. The non-contact type sensor for the measurement and control of liquid level is the key to avoid the corrosion of contact sensors due to chemicals and the usage of compensation system. The proposed capacitive, non-contact type sensor employs self-compensation technique whose output is of the order of Pico Farads, which is difficult to process for further control action. To overcome this, it is proposed here to design a reliable and precise signal conditioning circuit. Also, an efficient SCC is developed using Linear OPAMP. Experimental results reveal that the resolution of measurement of liquid level is improved with respect to electrode dimensions and the designed SCC converts the low capacitance output in a significant manner.
Dynamics of Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Revealed by <sup>15</sup>N Relaxation (2005)

Complex carbohydrates are considered to be flexible biomolecules, yet few experimental techniques are available to characterize their dynamics. In this study, we investigate the potential of 15N relaxation to probe the dynamics of hyaluronan oligosaccharides by adapting approaches previously applied to proteins. Unlike the 13C nucleus, 15N provides considerably enhanced spectral resolution, allowing position-specific information to be measured even in the middle of oligomers as large as decasaccharides. Moreover, isotopic incorporation maintains the 1H-15N group as an isolated spin-pair, allowing relaxation experiments to be performed and interpreted at low concentrations. A methodology is described for calculating the Lipari and Szabo model-free parameters at specific positions in hyaluronan oligomers and is used to produce a dynamic representation for the hexasaccharide. In this model, the glycosidic linkages and acetamido rotamer were determined to deviate by 18 degrees and 24 degrees from their mean positions, respectively. This approach allows the dynamic structural characterization of hyaluronan and other nitrogen-containing carbohydrates. The resultant models provide crucial insights into the physical properties and biology of these flexible molecules, which are at present poorly understood.
Synthesis and surfactant properties of symmetric and unsymmetric sulfosuccinic diesters, Aerosol-OT homologues (2001)

The synthesis and surfactant behaviour of two series of sulfosuccinic diesters, AOT-related compounds, are described [Aerosol-OT 1: sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate]. The first family contains unsaturated, racemic or enantiopure, 2-ethylhex(en)yl chains with various positions of the double bond. These compounds are readily prepared from the corresponding unsaturated alcohol by the standard two-step procedure; their critical micelle concentrations are higher than those of normal AOT and depend on the position of the double bond. The second series consists of nonsymmetric homologues with two different substituents: various unsymmetrical sulfosuccinic diesters with two enantiopure saturated or unsaturated chains of opposite configuration, or with two different substituents like methyl and 2-ethylhexyl, hydrogenated and deuterated chains as well as saturated and unsaturated chains are described. These unsymmetrical sulfosuccinic diesters are readily obtained in a three-step synthetic procedure involving the regiospecific sulfonation of maleic monoester in aqueous medium. The structure of the sodium 4-alkyl-2-sulfosuccinic acid key intermediate is unambiguously resolved by NMR comparative analysis of the hydrogenated and deuterated derivatives. The surfactant behaviour of some unsymmetrical compounds is studied.
Early Recanalization After Intravenous Administration of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator as Assessed by Pre- and Post-Thrombolytic Angiography in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients (2006)

The early recanalization rate after IV rt-PA use was very low in cases with large proximal arterial occlusions. CT angiography before IV rt-PA may be useful for the prediction of its efficacy.
Synthesis of Hexa-O-methyl-6,6”-binaringenin and -biapigenin (1975)

Reeonrch Inatituta of Chemistry.Nntional T a i
Lipogranuloma of the Head and Neck (2012)

Objective: To report a rare case of lipogranuloma of the head & neck.
A framework for near real-time event characterization within the internet (2011)

The Internet occasionally experiences large disruptions arising from both natural and manmade disturbances. It is of significant interest to develop methods to characterize these events. The characterization comes in the form of detecting disturbances early in their evolution, providing a classification of disturbances, and locating disturbances within the topology of the Internet. This paper presents a new framework for realizing near real-time global scale disruptive Internet event detection, classification, and localization. The proposed framework uses Hidden Markov Models for event detection and classification, and tensor decomposition and graph theoretical analysis for logical localization. The framework consists of three major components: 1) data ingest and processing/cleaning, 2) near real-time alert generation, and 3) a human-in-the-loop analysis portal. This paper discusses components 1 and 2 in detail. Components 1 and 2's usefulness, as well as an overview of component 3, is demonstrated through the use of case studies. This framework outlines a principled, automated approach to characterizing network disruptions at Internet scale.
DC–DC Power Converters (2007)

Abstract DC–DC power converters employ switched‐mode circuitry to change dc voltages and currents with efficiencies approaching 100%. Basic converter circuits can reduce the voltage (buck converter), increase the voltage (boost converter) or both (buck‐boost, Cuk, and SEPIC converters). Transformer‐isolated circuits include the bridge, forward, and flyback converters. Loss mechanisms include conduction loss arising from resistances or forward voltage drops of the power components, and switching loss generated during the transistor and diode switching transitions. Synchronous rectifiers can be employed to reduce the significant conduction loss caused by diode forward voltage drops in low‐voltage applications. The discontinuous conduction mode may arise when the inductor current is sufficiently small, which causes the output voltage to be strongly load‐dependent. Voltage‐mode control employs pulse‐width modulation to regulate the converter output voltage or other quantities through variation of the transistor duty cycle. Another popular technique is current‐mode control, in which a circuit eauses the peak transistor current to follow a control reference signal. Averaging methods are commonly employed to model the dynamics and efficiency of dc–dc power converters. The state‐space averaging method leads to an equivalent circuit model that predicts the converter small‐signal transfer functions. The circuit averaging technique is easily applied to simulate the converter transfer functions, in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes, using computer programs such as SPICE. Introduction Converter Circuit Topologies Analysis of Converter Waveforms Transformer Isolation Switch Implementation Discontinuous Conduction Mode Current‐Mode Control DC ‐ DC Converter Modeling
A Case Study of Concolic Testing Tools and their Limitations (2011)

Automatic testing, in particular test input generation, has become increasingly popular in the research community over the past ten years. In this paper, we conduct a survey on existing concolic testing tools, discussing their strengths and limitations, and environments in which they can be applied. We also conduct a case study to determine the prevalence of the identified limitations in six large software systems (four from open-source and two from ABB), as well as the effectiveness and scalability of the publicly available tools. The results show that pointers and native calls are the most prevalent limitations, preventing tools from generating high branch coverage lest eases, and variables of float type are the least prevalent. The scalability of the publically available tools is also a limitation for industrial use, due to the large overhead of creating a test harness. Finally, we propose suggestions on how practitioners can use these tools and how researchers can improve concolic testing.
Aging on Air: Sex, Age and Television News (2020)

The best piece of advice I received when I began teaching law was to adopt Charlie Sullivan's and Mike Zimmer's casebook for my Employment Discrimination class. Before I became a law professor, I had no clue how important choosing the right textbook is, not only for the students but for the teacher. I also was unaware of how much I had to learn about a subject I thought I knew well. I had been litigating employment discrimination cases for several years, but when I began teaching, I quickly learned how much I did not know. Charlie's and Mike's casebook, through its organizational structure, its case selection and, importantly, its thoughtful and probing notes, gave me a deeper understanding of my field. As did their scholarship.2 I first met Charlie at the AALS annual meeting my first year in law teaching. I got up the nerve to introduce myself (I was, and still am, a bit star-struck by Charlie), and was gratefully surprised by how kind and approachable he was. He talked with me about my work in progress and made me feel like I belonged in this profession. Later at the conference, he introduced me to Mike, and the three of us ended up sharing a taxi to the airport. Best cab ride ever.
Carbide-Treated Graphite Cuvettes for Electrothermal Atomization Prepared by Impregnation with Metal Chlorides (1986)

In order that carbide coatings could be prepared, graphite cuvettes were (1) placed in liquid TiCl 4 , MoCl 5 , or WCl 6 under reduced pressure to fill the void space in the graphite with metal chloride; (2) allowed to soak for 24 h in water to hydrolyze the metal chloride; (3) heated for 1200 s at 120°C and 10 s at 500°C in an electrothermal atomizer to dry the metal hydroxide and form the oxide; and (4) heated to 1800°C for 30 s to form the carbide. The formation of metal carbide was confirmed by gravimetry and x-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction also indicated the presence of oxide on Ti- and W-treated cuvettes and of multiple metal carbide species on Mo- and W-treated cuvettes. Scanning electron microscopy of Ti-treated cuvettes showed the presence of small particles of a discrete carbide phase. The carbide-treated cuvettes last longer than conventional graphite and show enhanced sensitivities for carbide-forming elements determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption. Their analytical characteristics do not differ significantly from carbide-treated cuvettes prepared by other procedures. It is hypothesized that the primary effect of the metal carbide is to seal the graphite, causing it to be less porous.
A neuromorphic controller with a human teacher (1988)

Trainable adaptive controllers (TACs) are a subset of process controllers in which much of the design is done online by means of training rather than programming. The authors show how a neural-network-based architecture may be used to implement a general-purpose TAC. An example of controlling a cart-pole system (an inverted pendulum mounted on a cart) is provided. It is found that filtering of the human-teacher training data, using a dynamic model of the teacher, significantly improves the neuromorphic TAC's performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>