gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bend Insensitive Fiber for FTTX Applications (2009)

FTTH applications require advanced fibers insensitive to stapling and tight bends. We demonstrate resonance-assisted fibers made with standard solid-fiber fabrication, achieving <0.1dB/turn loss down to 3mm fiber bend radius and compatibility with standard SMF.
Combination cancer immunotherapy targeting PD-1 and GITR can rescue CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell dysfunction and maintain memory phenotype (2018)

Most patients with cancer do not develop durable antitumor responses after programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) checkpoint inhibition monotherapy because of an ephemeral reversal of T cell dysfunction and failure to promote long-lasting immunological T cell memory. Activating costimulatory pathways to induce stronger T cell activation may improve the efficacy of checkpoint inhibition and lead to durable antitumor responses. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of more than 2000 tumor-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in mice receiving both PD-1 and GITR (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein) antibodies and found that this combination synergistically enhanced the effector function of expanded CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells by restoring the balance of key homeostatic regulators CD226 and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), leading to a robust survival benefit. Combination therapy decreased CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell dysfunction and induced a highly proliferative precursor effector memory T cell phenotype in a CD226-dependent manner. PD-1 inhibition rescued CD226 activity by preventing PD-1-Src homology region 2 (SHP2) dephosphophorylation of the CD226 intracellular domain, whereas GITR agonism decreased TIGIT expression. Unmasking the molecular pathways driving durable antitumor responses will be essential to the development of rational approaches to optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
Tourette's Syndrome (2001)

The French neurologist Georges Gilles de la Tourette first described this syndrome, which consists of motor tics sometimes accompanied by uncontrollable noises or utterances, attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and poor impulse control. Although the pathogenesis of the disorder remains obscure, tics may be treated effectively with haloperidol or pimozide, and other clinical features may also respond to pharmacologic therapy.
Effect of High Temperature on Plant Growth and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Potato (1995)

This study was undertaken to determine the role of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in altered carbohydrate partitioning caused by heat stress. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes characterized as susceptible and tolerant to heat stress were grown at 19/17[deg]C, and a subset was transferred to 31/29[deg]C. Data were obtained for plant growth and photosynthesis. Enzyme activity was determined for sucrose-6-phosphate synthase (SPS) in mature leaves and for sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in developing tubers of plants. High temperatures reduced growth of tubers more than of shoots. Photosynthetic rates were unaffected or increased slightly at the higher temperature. Heat stress increased accumulation of foliar sucrose and decreased starch accumulation in mature leaves but did not affect glucose. SPS activity increased significantly in mature leaves of plants subjected to high temperature. Changes in SPS activity were probably not due to altered enzyme kinetics. The activity of sucrose synthase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was reduced in tubers, albeit less quickly than leaf SPS activity. There was no interaction of temperature and genotype with regard to the enzymes examined; therefore, observed differences do not account for differences between genotypes in heat susceptibility.
TFIIH action in transcription initiation and promoter escape requires distinct regions of downstream promoter DNA (2001)

TFIIH is a multifunctional RNA polymerase II general initiation factor that includes two DNA helicases encoded by the Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group B (XPB) and D (XPD) genes and a cyclin-dependent protein kinase encoded by the CDK7 gene. Previous studies have shown that the TFIIH XPB DNA helicase plays critical roles not only in transcription initiation, where it catalyzes ATP-dependent formation of the open complex, but also in efficient promoter escape, where it suppresses arrest of very early RNA polymerase II elongation intermediates. In this report, we present evidence that ATP-dependent TFIIH action in transcription initiation and promoter escape requires distinct regions of the DNA template; these regions are well separated from the promoter region unwound by the XPB DNA helicase and extend, respectively, approximately 23-39 and approximately 39-50 bp downstream from the transcriptional start site. Taken together, our findings bring to light a role for promoter DNA in TFIIH action and are consistent with the model that TFIIH translocates along promoter DNA ahead of the RNA polymerase II elongation complex until polymerase has escaped the promoter.
Credo (2016)

Abstract This chapter opens with the experience of entering a cathedral and explores the question of how we have come to learn the language of Christian belief. Returning to the first ‘rules of faith’ in the early Church, it charts the movement towards what we now name the Apostles’ and the Nicene creeds. Then, focusing on the Catechetical Lectures of Cyril of Jerusalem as one of the earliest examples we have of the way the creed was taught, the chapter examines the various levels of cultural, social, imaginative, and bodily engagement involved in catechism. It points to the way the creed, and doctrine more widely, was to be lived and the ongoing pedagogy required to form Christian believing.
An Event Processing Platform for Business Process Management (2013)

The execution of business processes generates a lot of data comprising final process results as well as information about intermediate activities, both communicated as events. Automated process execution environments are centrally controlled by process engines that hold the connection between events and the processes they occure in. In contrast, in manual process execution environments, e.g., logistics, these events may not be correlated to the process they origin from. The correlation information is usually not present in the event but in so-called context data, which exists orthogonally to the corresponding process. However, in the areas of process monitoring and analysis, events need to be correlated to specific process instances. To close the gap between recorded events without process correlation and required events with process correlation, we propose a framework that enriches recorded events with context data to create events correlated to processes, so-called process events.
Where pathology meets molecular biology: N-myc amplification in human neuroblastoma as a paradigm for the clinical use of an oncogene alteration. (1994)

Increase of the dosage of cellular oncogenes by DNA amplification is a frequent genetic alteration of cancer cells. The presence of amplified cellular oncogenes is usually signalled by conspicuous chromosomal abnormalities, "double minutes" (DMs) or "homogeneously staining chromosomal regions" (HSRs). Some human cancers carry a specific amplified oncogene at high incidence. In neuroblastomas the amplification of N-myc has been found associated with aggressively growing cancers and is an indicator for poor prognosis. N-myc amplification is of predictive value for identifying neuroblastoma patients that require specific therapeutic regimens and for identifying patients that do not benefit from chemotherapy.
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (1954)

Nuclear quadrupole resonance is a recently developed branch of radio-frequency spectroscopy which is concerned with magnetic resonance absorption in crystals. This absorption is due to reorientation of the nonspherical atomic nuclei against crystalline electric fields. Related phenomena in isolated molecules are briefly mentioned in the Introduction A. This is followed in Sec. B by an elementary treatment of the electrostatic interaction of a nonspherical nucleus with an axially symmetric inhomogeneous electric field as is found approximately in crystalline Cl2, a crystal whose structural units are very nearly undisturbed Cl2 molecules. Electrostatic torques are shown to exist which cause a precession of the nuclear angular momenta around the molecular axes. As this motion is accompanied by a precession of the magnetic and electric moments of the nuclei, which may interact with alternating electromagnetic fields, this leads over to the transition mechanism between the energy levels which are obtained from the corresponding Hamiltonian. Transition and power absorption phenomena are discussed in more detail in Sec. C. In Sec. D effects are treated which either lead to a broadening of the absorption lines or are connected with the thermal agitation in the crystalline lattice. Some experimental aspects are described and examples of observed absorption lines are given in Sec. E. In the concluding Sec. F all nuclei so far investigated with this method are reviewed in three tables. The nuclear information obtainable from such experiments is pointed out.
Interplay of Electrical Wavefronts as Determinant of the Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Dyssynchronous Canine Hearts (2013)

In left bundle-branch block and AV-block hearts, optimal hemodynamic effect of CRT depends on optimal interplay between pacing-induced and intrinsic activation waves and the corresponding mechanical resynchronization rather than filling.
Insertional inactivation of hblC encoding the L2 component of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 haemolysin BL strongly reduces enterotoxigenic activity, but not the haemolytic activity against human erythrocytes (1999)

Haemolysin BL (HBL) is a Bacillus cereus toxin composed of a binding component, B, and two lytic components, L1 and L2. HBL is also the enterotoxin responsible for the diarrhoeal food poisoning syndrome caused by several strains of B. cereus. The three genes encoding the HBL components constitute an operon and are transcribed from a promoter 608 bp upstream of the hblC translational start site. The first gene of the hbl operon, hblC, in the B. cereus type strain, ATCC 14579, was inactivated in this study. Inactivation of hblC strongly reduced both the enterotoxigenic activity of B. cereus ATCC 14579 and the haemolytic activity against sheep erythrocytes, while maintaining full haemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.
Directed Evolution Method in <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>: Mutant Library Creation and Screening (2016)

Directed evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae offers many attractive advantages when designing enzymes for biotechnological applications, a process that involves the construction, cloning and expression of mutant libraries, coupled to high frequency homologous DNA recombination in vivo. Here, we present a protocol to create and screen mutant libraries in yeast based on the example of a fungal aryl-alcohol oxidase (AAO) to enhance its total activity. Two protein segments were subjected to focused-directed evolution by random mutagenesis and in vivo DNA recombination. Overhangs of ~50 bp flanking each segment allowed the correct reassembly of the AAO-fusion gene in a linearized vector giving rise to a full autonomously replicating plasmid. Mutant libraries enriched with functional AAO variants were screened in S. cerevisiae supernatants with a sensitive high-throughput assay based on the Fenton reaction. The general process of library construction in S. cerevisiae described here can be readily applied to evolve many other eukaryotic genes, avoiding extra PCR reactions, in vitro DNA recombination and ligation steps.
An Approach for Distributing Sensitive Values in k-Anonymity (2019)

k-anonymity is a popular model in privacy preserving data publishing. It provides privacy guarantee when a microdata table is released. In microdata, sensitive attributes contain high-sensitive and low sensitive values. Unfortunately, study in anonymity for distributing sensitive value is still rare. This study aims to distribute evenly high-sensitive value to quasi identifier group. We proposed an approach called Simple Distribution of Sensitive Value. We compared our method with systematic clustering which is considered as very effective method to group quasi identifier. Information entropy is used to measure the diversity in each quasi identifier group and in a microdata table. Experiment result show our method outperformed systematic clustering when high-sensitive value is distributed.
A Cysteine Protease Inhibitor Cures Chagas' Disease in an Immunodeficient-Mouse Model of Infection (2007)

Chagas' disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, remains the leading cause of cardiopathy in Latin America with about 12 million people infected. Classic clinical manifestations derive from infection of muscle cells leading to progressive cardiomyopathy, while some patients develop megacolon or megaesophagus. A very aggressive clinical course including fulminant meningoencephalitis has been reported in patients who contract Chagas' disease in the background of immunodeficiency. This includes patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection as well as patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplant. Currently, only two drugs are approved for the treatment of Chagas' disease, nifurtimox and benznidazole. Both have significant limitations due to common and serious side effects as well as limited availability. A promising group of new drug leads for Chagas' disease is cysteine protease inhibitors targeting cruzain, the major protease of T. cruzi. The inhibitor N-methyl-Pip-F-homoF-vinyl sulfonyl phenyl (N-methyl-Pip-F-hF-VS phi) is in late-stage preclinical development. Therefore, the question arose as to whether protease inhibitors targeting cruzain would have efficacy in Chagas' disease occurring in the background of immunodeficiency. To address this question, we studied the course of infection in recombinase-deficient (Rag1(-/-)) and normal mice infected with T. cruzi. Infections localized to heart and skeletal muscle in untreated normal animals, while untreated Rag1(-/-) mice showed severe infection in all organs and predominantly in liver and spleen. Treatment with the dipeptide N-methyl-Pip-F-hF-VS phi rescued immunodeficient animals from lethal Chagas' infection. The majority (60 to 100%) of inhibitor-treated Rag1(-/-) mice had increased survival, negative PCR, and normal tissues by histopathological examination.
Temporal changes in the expression and distribution of adhesion molecules during liver development and regeneration. (1992)

We have compared by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting the expression and distribution of adhesion molecules participating in cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions during embryonic development and regeneration of rat liver. Fibronectin and the fibronectin receptor, integrin alpha 5 beta 1, were distributed pericellularly and expressed at a steady level during development from the 16th day of gestation and in neonate and adult liver. AGp110, a nonintegrin fibronectin receptor was first detected on the 17th day of gestation in a similar, nonpolarized distribution on parenchymal cell surfaces. At that stage of development haemopoiesis is at a peak in rat liver and fibronectin and receptors alpha 5 beta 1 and AGp110 were prominent on the surface of blood cell precursors. During the last 2 d of gestation (20th and 21st day) hepatocytes assembled around lumina. AGp110 was initially depolarized on the surface of these acinar cells but then confined to the lumen and to newly-formed bile canaliculi. At birth, a marked increase occurred in the canalicular expression of AGp110 and in the branching of the canalicular network. Simultaneously, there was enhanced expression of ZO-1, a protein component of tight junctions. On the second day postpartum, presence of AGp110 and of protein constituents of desmosomes and intermediate junctions, DGI and E-cadherin, respectively, was notably enhanced in cellular fractions insoluble in nonionic detergents, presumably signifying linkage of AGp110 with the cytoskeleton and assembly of desmosomal and intermediate junctions. During liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, AGp110 remained confined to apical surfaces, indicating a preservation of basic polarity in parenchymal cells. A decrease in the extent and continuity of the canalicular network occurred in proliferating parenchyma, starting 24 h after resection in areas close to the terminal afferent blood supply of portal veins and spreading to the rest of the liver within the next 24 h. Distinct acinar structures, similar to the ones in prenatal liver, appeared at 72 h after hepatectomy. Restoration of the normal branching of the biliary tree commenced at 72 h. At 7 d postoperatively acinar formation declined and one-cell-thick hepatic plates, as in normal liver, were observed.
Role of persistent infection in the control and severity of asthma: focus on<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> (2002)

Conventional risk factors have been unable to explain most of the substantial increase in the prevalence of asthma observed in many countries during the last few decades. Much attention has been directed at the "hygiene hypothesis", the apparent inverse relationship between intense systemic childhood infections and the subsequent development of asthma and atopy. However, it is not only the absence or scarcity of infections, but the prolonged presence of certain microorganisms in the lungs that may be involved in the development of asthma. Accumulating evidence suggests that Chlamydia pneumoniae, an intracellular ubiquitous pathogen with an innate propensity to persist and cause chronic infections, may be associated with asthma. This microorganism can achieve a state of "latency" in which it is viable but dormant and does not multiply. During this state, however, chlamydia continues to synthesize the "stress" protein, a 60-kDa heat shock protein (hsp60). This protein is able to elicit a strong host inflammatory response at sites of its production and appears to be involved in tissue injury and scarring processes. As inflammation has been found to be present in almost all asthmatics, whatever the severity and aetiology of the disease, inhaled glucocorticoids now have an established position in the treatment of early stages. However, corticosteroids negatively affect many aspects of cell-mediated immunity and favour the shift from a T-helper-1-type response towards a T-helper-2-type response. Corticosteroids may thus severely deteriorate the host's ability to eradicate an intracellular pathogen, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, which requires a properly functioning cell-mediated (T-helper-1-type) immune response to be cleared. These drugs are also able to reactivate persistent Chlamydia to an active growth phase, which, by increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the site of infection, can further amplify inflammation in the airways of patients with asthma.
Pressure dependence of the helix–coil transition temperature for polynucleic acid helices (1972)

Abstract Thermal denaturation of DNA's and the corresponding helix–coil transformation of artificial polyribonucleic and polydeoxyribonucleic acids have been studied extensively both theoretically 1–13 and experimentally. 14–30 Much less work has been carried out on the properties of these polynucleic acids at high pressure, and in particular, on the presure dependence of the helix–coil transition temperature. 31–33 Light‐scattering techniques have been used in this study to measure the pressure dependence of the helix–coil transition temperature of the two‐ and three‐stranded helices of polyriboadenylic and polyribouridilic acids and of calf thymus DNA. From the slopes of the transition temperature vs. pressure curves and heats of transition obtained from the literature, 20,34 the following volume changes from these helix–coil transitions have been obtained: ( a ) −0.96 cc/mole of nucleotide base pairs for the poly (A + U) transition, ( b ) +0.35 cc/mole of nucleotide base trios for the poly (A + 2U) transition, and ( c ) +2.7 cc/mole of nucleotide base pairs for the DNA transition. The relative magnitudes and signs of these volume changes which show that poly (A + U) is destabilized by increased pressure, whereas poly (A + 2U) and calf thymus DNA are stabilized by increased pressure, indicates that further development of the helix–coil transition theory for polynucleotides is needed.
Impact of joints on the design of optical-fiber systems (1979)

The installation and maintenance of an optical-fiber transmission system will require that there be joints in the fiber. Joint insertion loss depends not only on parameters local to the joint, such as the fiber alignment, but also on system parameters, such as fiber length, joint location, fiber design, and light source. Considerable attention has been given in the literature to measurements1 and theory2 relating to misalignments. Comparatively little, however, has appeared on the rote of system parameters, although some authors have studied the effect of fiber length following a joint.3,4 In the study summarized here, joint insertion loss was measured for graded- index fibers in a precision experiment in which parameters affecting joint performance were introduced in various combinations. The measurements relating loss to misalignments are of interest chiefly to splice and connector designers and will be reported elsewhere. The purpose of this paper is to consider the effect of system parameters on joint loss.
Simple edge basis functions for open-ended bodies of revolution (2002)

A relatively simple and widely-used basis function in the method of moments solution for surface currents on a conducting scatterer is the piecewise linear function (triangle function). However, the triangle function does not exhibit the proper edge behavior for surface current and charge at a conducting knife-edge. The proper edge behavior is incorporated into the basis function set via a minor modification. The effect of the modified basis set on the computation of the axial electric field in the aperture of open-ended bodies of revolution is considered. Both straight and tapered cylinders are investigated. The convergence properties of the edge-modified triangle basis set are found to be superior to those of the normal triangle basis function set.