gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody titers for canine parvovirus type-2, canine distemper virus, and canine adenovirus type-1 in adult household dogs. (2011)

Serum antibody titers for canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine adenovirus type-1 (CAV-1) were investigated in 1031 healthy adult household dogs (2 to 18 years old) given an annual inoculation in the previous 11 to 13 months. The number of dogs retaining significant titers of antibodies against CPV-2, CDV, and CAV-1 were 888 (86%), 744 (72%), and 732 (71%), respectively. There were no differences between males and females in antibody titers against the 3 viruses. Antibody titer for CPV-2 was significantly higher in younger dogs than in older dogs, CDV antibody was significantly higher in older dogs than in younger dogs, and CAV titer was not associated with age.
Reactivation in vivo and in vitro of herpes simplex virus from mouse dorsal root ganglia which contain different levels of latency-associated transcripts (1993)

In the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of mice latently infected with the herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant in1814, there are more neurons that contain latency-associated transcripts (LATs) than in DRG of mice infected with a dose of equal infectivity of either a revertant or a wild-type virus. We investigated whether higher levels of LAT+ neurons resulted in more extensive reactivation either in vivo following neurectomy of the sciatic nerve or in vitro after explantation into culture. Neurectomy appeared to induce expression of immediate early 1 mRNA (IE1mRNA) in neurons of mice latently infected with each of three viruses. However IE1mRNA was detected in no more than 0.25% of the neurons of DRG from animals 2 to 4 days after neurectomy, irrespective of the percentage of LAT+ neurons present. Of the 22 neurons shown to express IE1mRNA, none expressed LATs also. However the lack of expression of viral antigen and the absence of a reduced potential for reactivation on explanation suggested that neurectomy had not induced full reactivation involving lytic replication leading to the death of the latently infected neurons. When DRG were explanted into culture, the distribution of the frequency of reactivation was similar to the distribution of DRG that contained LAT+ neurons. The presence of a high proportion of LAT+ neurons was not directly associated with earlier detection of reactivation but such experiments cannot be regarded as quantitative. We therefore concluded that neurectomy did not result in a reduced reactivation potential as described by others and that the frequency of expression of IE1mRNA following neurectomy did not correlate with the number of LAT+ neurons present.
Fast, Accurate, and Practical Identity Inference Using TV Remote Controls (2010)

Non-invasive identity inference in the home environment is a very challenging problem. A practical solution to the problem could have far reaching implications in many industries, such as home entertainment. In this work, we consider the problem of identity inference using a TV remote control. In particular, we address two challenges that have so far prevented the work of Chang et al. (2009) from being applied in a home entertainment system. First, we show how to learn the patterns of TV remote controls incrementally and online. Second, we generalize our results to partially labeled data. To achieve our goal, we use state-of-the-art methods for max-margin learning and online convex programming. Our solution is efficient, runs in real time, and comes with theoretical guarantees. It performs well in practice and we demonstrate this on 4 datasets of 2 to 4 people.
Cubic Ring Networks: A Polymorphic Topology for Network-on-Chip (2010)

As chip multiprocessors transition from multi-core to many-core, on-chip network power is increasingly becoming a key barrier to scalability. Studies have shown that on-chip networks can consume up to 36% of the total chip power, while analysis of network traffic reveals that for extended periods of execution time, network load is well below the network capacity in many applications. In recent studies, researchers have proposed to exploit this temporal variability in network traffic to dynamically turn off links, buffers and segments of the on-chip routers. In this work, we make the case for a polymorphic topology, called Cubic Ring (cRing), that allows dynamically turning off over 30% of resources in a 2D network (and more in higher dimensional networks), with less than 5% increase in average distance. As a result, cRing networks provide an elegant way to trade off network bandwidth for lower (static) power. A complete formalism for the proposed cRing topologies and the associated routing algorithm is presented, along with evaluation under synthetic workloads.
The Partner Units Problem a Constraint Programming Case Study (2012)

The Partner Units Problem is a challenging combinatorial search problem that originates in the domain of security and surveillance. Technically it consists of partitioning a bipartite graph under side conditions. In this work we describe how constraint programming technology can be leveraged to tackle the problem. We address problem modelling, symmetry breaking and problem-specific search strategies. We introduce the best search strategy known to date as well as a powerful new implied constraint for pruning the search space. Finally, we present implementations in ECLiPSe Prolog and the MINION constraint solver and compare these to a state-of-the-art dedicated algorithm.
The stability of methacrylate biomaterials when enzyme challenged: Kinetic and systematic evaluations (2001)

This study addressed whether methacrylate monomers and polymers used in dentistry might degrade from enzymolysis by acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), cholesterol esterase (CHE), porcine liver esterase (PRLE), and a pancreatic lipase (PNL). Short (hour) and long-term (day) exposures were performed. Product ratios were used to determine surface hydrolysis of the polymeric materials. Enzyme kinetics were studied for the monomers when challenged by ACHE, CHE, and PRLE. In the case of PRLE, the V(max) for the dimethacrylate substrates varied slightly, but amounted to as much as 10% of that of p-nitrophenylacetate. The K(m) for triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was 197 microM for ACHE and 1107 microM for CHE. The V(max) was 2.7 nmol/min for ACHE and 3.5 nmol/min for CHE. TEGDMA was converted by CHE at 2% the rate of cholesteryl oleate. Long-term incubations of monomers with CHE and ACHE produced degrees of hydrolysis that evidenced structure dependency in the ability of the enzymes to effect hydrolysis. Particularly resistant were aromativ derivatives and those with branching in methacrylate linkages. Overall, the study confirms the ability of physiologically important esterases to catalyze the hydrolysis of biomaterial methacrylates.
The road to personalised medicine in psoriatic arthritis (2021)

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a progressive inflammatory syndrome associated with psoriasis [1,2]. It encompasses highly variable manifestations (including inflammatory arthritis, spondylitis, enthe...
Kinesin-like Protein CHO1 Is Required for the Formation of Midbody Matrix and the Completion of Cytokinesis in Mammalian Cells (2002)

CHO1 is a mammalian kinesin-like motor protein of the MKLP1 subfamily. It associates with the spindle midzone during anaphase and concentrates to a midbody matrix during cytokinesis. CHO1 was originally implicated in karyokinesis, but the invertebrate homologues of CHO1 were shown to function in the midzone formation and cytokinesis. To analyze the role of the protein in mammalian cells, we mutated the ATP-binding site of CHO1 and expressed it in CHO cells. Mutant protein (CHO1F') was able to interact with microtubules via ATP-independent microtubule-binding site(s) but failed to accumulate at the midline of the central spindle and affected the localization of endogenous CHO1. Although the segregation of chromosomes, the bundling of midzone microtubules, and the initiation of cytokinesis proceeded normally in CHO1F'-expressing cells, the completion of cytokinesis was inhibited. Daughter cells were frequently entering interphase while connected by a microtubule-containing cytoplasmic bridge from which the dense midbody matrix was missing. Depletion of endogenous CHO1 via RNA-mediated interference also affected the formation of midbody matrix in dividing cells, caused the disorganization of midzone microtubules, and resulted in abortive cytokinesis. Thus, CHO1 may not be required for karyokinesis, but it is essential for the proper midzone/midbody formation and cytokinesis in mammalian cells.
An Experiential Model (2005)

Abstract This article examines the effects of a pilot project for an experiential instructional model in teaching culturally sensitive, empathic communication skills. It attempts to integrate and communicate the theoretical, conceptual, and experiential understanding of cross-cultural empathy through the practice of mindful attitudes. Students were introduced to materials through a series of exercises which included mirroring breathing observation, posture, and moving awareness. These exercises fostered a state of openness through the experience of emptying, contemplation, and being-present. The preliminary findings indicate that the students were able to verbalize new learning experiences which included: being more attuned withtheirbodilyawareness, sensing theflow of energy with the other, letting go of power struggles, and pre-existing ideas, and experiencing a different kind of human connectedness with the other.
<b>HUMAN BRAIN CORTICAL NEURONS CONTAIN y-TRACE. RAPID ISOLATION, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN y-</b><b>TRACE </b> (1981)

Human T-trace was isolated from urine by a rapid two-step procedure comprising pressure ultrafiltration and ion-exchange chromatography. Immunohistochemical studies of human cerebral tissue demonstrated that 7-trace occurs in the cortical neurons. The sequence of the 37 amino-terminal amino acid residues was determined. Sequence similarities were found between 7-trace and human glucagon and between 7-trace and porcine CCK indicating that T-trace might be related to the peptidergic GEP neuroendocrine system.
LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLE SIZE, TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS, AND GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN NON-DIABETIC MEN WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION (2001)

The aim of the study is to investigate serum lipoproteins abnormalities including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, and their relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors in men with essential hypertension. Plasma glucose and serum insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. apo B. cholesterol and triglycerides in serum and in lipoproteins, and LDL particle diameter were measured in thirty-eight consecutive newly-diagnosed non-diabetic untreated hypertensive men and 38 healthy male controls. Plasma glucose at baseline, 60 and 120 min during OGTT was significantly higher in patients than controls whereas serum insulin levels did not differ between patients and controls. Serum apo B and triglycerides were significantly raised in patients compared with controls (1.08 +/- 0.17 g/L [mean +/- SD] vs 0.97 +/- 0.22 g/L. p < 0.05, and 1.56 +/- 0.90 mmol/L vs 1.15 +/- 0.57 mmol/L, p < 0.05, respectively). Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol were increased in patients compared with controls (0.89 +/- 0.79 mmol/L and 0.54 +/- 0.35 mmol/L, p < 0.05, and 4.08 +/- 0.85 mmol/L and 3.60 +/- 0.92 mmol/L, p < 0.05, respectively) whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was lower in patients compared with controls 0.95 +/- 0.22 mmol/L and 1.07 +/- 0.20 mmol/L, p < 0.05). Adjustment for body mass index, abdominal/hip perimeter ratio and area under the glucose curve did not attenuate the relationship between hypertension and VLDL-triglycerides. Six patients and two controls had a mean LDL diameter < or = 25.5 nm and in the former serum triglycerides ranged from 1.86 mmol/L to 2.37 mmol/L. Mean LDL particle diameter in both patients and controls showed an inverse relationship with log-transformed serum triglycerides (r = - 0.51, p < 0.001 and r = - 0.47, p < 0.005, respectively). Among patients, those with serum triglycerides > or = [corrected] 1.58 mmol/L had a lesser mean LDL diameter than those with triglycerides above this threshold (25.78 +/- 0.47 nm vs 26.30 +/- 0.35 nm, p < 0.001). Higher plasma glucose, serum apo B and LDL-cholesterol as well as the decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol in patients with hypertension are consistent with high coronary heart disease risk. Not only mild hypertriglyceridemia but also high-normal serum triglycerides in themselves or as a surrogate of a predominance of small dense LDL particles in plasma convey an additional risk for cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients even though routine plasma lipids are within or near normal range.
Performance analysis of multiple access protocols for CDMA cellular and personal communications services (2002)

The performance of a direct-sequence/code-division multiple-access (DS CDMA) spreading ALOHA access protocol, which can be applied to wireless data network and personal communications services, is investigated. A Markov model is used to derive upper and lower bounds of the throughput of the underlying system. Time-driven simulation is also performed to investigate the tightness of the bounds. The results indicate that the upper bound is very tight. Numerical results also show that, unlike the conventional ALOHA system, the DS/CDMA spreading mainslotted ALOHA system provides better delay and throughput performance than the DS/CDMA spreading-slotted ALOHA system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Intervertebral Disc Metabolism (1999)

Hydrostatic pressure directly affects the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycan by the intervertebral disc cells.
Segmentation of pulmonary nodules in computed tomography using a regression neural network approach and its application to the Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative dataset (2015)

We present new pulmonary nodule segmentation algorithms for computed tomography (CT). These include a fully-automated (FA) system, a semi-automated (SA) system, and a hybrid system. Like most traditional systems, the new FA system requires only a single user-supplied cue point. On the other hand, the SA system represents a new algorithm class requiring 8 user-supplied control points. This does increase the burden on the user, but we show that the resulting system is highly robust and can handle a variety of challenging cases. The proposed hybrid system starts with the FA system. If improved segmentation results are needed, the SA system is then deployed. The FA segmentation engine has 2 free parameters, and the SA system has 3. These parameters are adaptively determined for each nodule in a search process guided by a regression neural network (RNN). The RNN uses a number of features computed for each candidate segmentation. We train and test our systems using the new Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative (LIDC-IDRI) data. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first nodule-specific performance benchmarks using the new LIDC-IDRI dataset. We also compare the performance of the proposed methods with several previously reported results on the same data used by those other methods. Our results suggest that the proposed FA system improves upon the state-of-the-art, and the SA system offers a considerable boost over the FA system.
U.S. Refinery Efficiency: Impacts Analysis and Implications for Fuel Carbon Policy Implementation (2014)

In the next two decades, the U.S. refining industry will face significant changes resulting from a rapidly evolving domestic petroleum energy landscape. The rapid influx of domestically sourced tight light oil and relative demand shifts for gasoline and diesel will impose challenges on the ability of the U.S. refining industry to satisfy both demand and quality requirements. This study uses results from Linear Programming (LP) modeling data to examine the potential impacts of these changes on refinery, process unit, and product-specific efficiencies, focusing on current baseline efficiency values across 43 existing large U.S. refineries that are operating today. These results suggest that refinery and product-specific efficiency values are sensitive to crude quality, seasonal and regional factors, and refinery configuration and complexity, which are determined by final fuel specification requirements. Additional processing of domestically sourced tight light oil could marginally increase refinery efficiency, but these benefits could be offset by crude rebalancing. The dynamic relationship between efficiency and key parameters such as crude API gravity, sulfur content, heavy products, residual upgrading, and complexity are key to understanding possible future changes in refinery efficiency. Relative to gasoline, the efficiency of diesel production is highly variable, and is influenced by the number and severity of units required to produce diesel. To respond to future demand requirements, refiners will need to reduce the gasoline/diesel (G/D) production ratio, which will likely result in greater volumes of diesel being produced through less efficient pathways resulting in reduced efficiency, particularly on the marginal barrel of diesel. This decline in diesel efficiency could be offset by blending of Gas to Liquids (GTL) diesel, which could allow refiners to uplift intermediate fuel streams into more efficient diesel production pathways, thereby allowing for the efficient production of incremental barrels of diesel without added capital investment for the refiner. Given the current wide range of refinery carbon intensity values of baseline transportation fuels in LCA models, this study has shown that the determination of refinery, unit, and product efficiency values requires careful consideration in the context of specific transportation fuel GHG policy objectives.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Aminocyclopentitol Inhibitors of β-Glucosidases (1999)

[reaction: see text] (1R,2S,3S,4R,5R)-4-Amino-5-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentane-1,2,3-triol 1, prepared from D-glucose, inhibits beta-glucosidases from Caldocellum saccharolyticum (Ki = 1.8 x 10(-7) M) and from almonds (Ki = 3.4 x 10(-6) M). Inhibition is not influenced by N-ethylation (--> 15) but is strongly reduced upon N-acetylation (--> 12). Inversion of stereochemistry at C(5) (--> 14) has little effect on inhibition of beta-glucosidases. These experiments suggest that 1 acts as an analogue of a protonated beta-glucoside.
Multiscale convolutional neural network for the detection of built-up areas in high-resolution SAR images (2016)

This paper focuses on the problem of built-up areas detection in single high-resolution SAR images. In consideration of the rich structure information of built-up areas in high-resolution SAR images, we put forward a multiscale CNN model to extract multiscale trained features directly from image patches to detect built-up areas. By processing features extraction and classification as a whole, we overcome the difficulty of feature definition of SAR images. Experiments on TerraSAR-X high-resolution SAR images over Beijing show that our approach outperforms the traditional methods and single scale CNNs method.
MOS voltage reference based on polysilicon gate work function difference (1980)

A voltage reference in CMOS technology is based upon transistor pairs of the same type except for the opposite doping type of their polysilicon gates. At identical drain currents, the gate voltage difference, close to the silicon bandgap, is 1.2 V/spl plusmn/0.06 V. Circuits for a positive and for a negative voltage reference are presented. Digital voltage tuning improves accuracy. Temperature compensation is provided by proper choice of current ratio or by means of an auxiliary circuit. Voltage drift is about 300 ppm//spl deg/C without compensation, and can be reduced to /spl plusmn/30 ppm//spl deg/C. The circuits work with a supply voltage of 2-10 V and draw a current that is less than 1 /spl mu/A.
Ponderosa Pine: Economic Impact (2019)

The ponderosa pine vegetative type extends south from Montana into New Mexico and Arizona and east from California and Oregon into the Plains States. This chapter examines the economic losses resulting from ponderosa pine needle abortion in the 17 western states. Data were obtained from published literature, surveys of cattle producers, and personal interviews with producers, veterinarians, researchers, and extension service personnel. The analysis included: determining the number of beef cows in each of the 17 western states; calculating the percentage of the total forest-range acreage comprised by the ponderosa pine vegetation type in each state; and estimating the number of beef cows grazing in these pines. The paucity of data makes it difficult to quantify the economic losses associated with ponderosa pine needle consumption. Abortion losses from ingestion of ponderosa pine needles vary within an area and annually on an individual ranch.
Development of a homogeneous immunoassay based on the AlphaLISA method for the detection of chloramphenicol in milk, honey and eggs (2012)

The CAP AlphaLISA method is highly sensitive, specific and rapid and is suitable for screening large quantities of samples.
Effect of Initial Oxygen Concentration on Diacetyl and Acetoin Production by <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> biovar diacetylactis (1993)

The production of aroma compounds (acetoin and diacetyl) in fresh unripened cheese by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis CNRZ 483 was studied at 30 degrees C at different initial oxygen concentrations (0, 21, 50, and 100% of the medium saturation by oxygen). Regardless of the initial O(2) concentration, maximal production of these compounds was reached only after all the citrate was consumed. Diacetyl and acetoin production was 0.01 and 2.4 mM, respectively, at 0% oxygen. Maximum acetoin concentration reached 5.4 mM at 100% oxygen. Diacetyl production was increased by factors of 2, 6, and 18 at initial oxygen concentrations of 21, 50, and 100%, respectively. The diacetyl/acetoin concentration ratio increased linearly with initial oxygen concentration: it was eight times higher at 100% (3.3%) than at 0% oxygen (0.4%). The effect of oxygen on diacetyl and acetoin production was also shown with other lactococci. At 0% oxygen, specific activity of alpha-acetolactate synthetase (0.15 U/mg) and NADH oxidase (0.04 U/mg) was 3.6 and 5.4 times lower, respectively, than at 100% oxygen. The increasing alpha-acetolactate synthetase activity in the presence of oxygen would explain the higher production of diacetyl and acetoin. The NADH oxidase activity would replace the role of the lactate dehydrogenase, diacetyl reductase, and acetoin reductase in the reoxidation of NADH, allowing accumulation of these two aroma compounds.
Constitution Making by the Supreme Court (1940)

This period marks an epoch in judicial history.On the date marking the beginning of the period the judicial winds violently shifted.In the years immediately preceding, constitutional law had largely been made by Justices Butler, McReynolds, Van Devanter, Sutherland, and Roberts.In the years of this period constitutional law has largely been made by Justices Brandeis, Cardozo, Chief Justice Hughes, and Justice Roberts.The decisions in this last period stand out in striking contrast to the decisions just prior thereto.In the years preceding 1937 the Supreme Court had upheld some striking legislation like the gold clauses legislation,' the Tennessee Valley Authority legislation, 2 and prison made goods legislation 3 of Congress, state moratorium legislation 4 and legislation regulating prices outside of public utilities; but in general the position of the court had been against social