gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A single histone H1 isoform (H1.1) is essential for chromatin silencing and germline development in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2001)

ABSTRACT In remarkable contrast to somatic cells, the germline of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans efficiently silences transgenic DNA. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this have been shown to implicate chromatin proteins encoded by the mes genes (Kelly, W. G. and Fire, A. (1998) Development 125, 2451-2456), of which two are the C. elegans homologs of Polycomb Group gene transcriptional repressors. We have analyzed the contribution of the histone H1 gene family to this specific aspect of germ cells in C. elegans. We show with isotype-specific double stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) that a single member of this gene family (H1.1) is essential for the repression of a silenced reporter-transgene in the germline of hermaphrodites and males, whereas no change is found in the somatic expression of this reporter. Additionally, RNA-mediated interference with H1.1 gene expression can cause a phenotype with severe affection of germline proliferation and differentiation in the hermaphrodite, and even sterility (5%-11% penetrance). These and further features observed in histone H1.1 RNAi experiments are also characteristic of the mes phenotype (Garvin, C., Holdeman, R. and Strome, S. (1998) Genetics 148, 167-185), which is believed to result from the desilencing of genes required for somatic differentiation in the germline. Our observations therefore support this interpretation of the mes phenotype and they identify a single histone H1 isoform (H1.1) as a new component specifically involved in chromatin silencing in the germline of C. elegans.
Suppression of IgE Antibody Response against Ovalbumin by the Chemical Conjugate of Ovalbumin with a Polyaspartic Acid Derivative (1985)

Ovalbumin was modified with α,<i>β</i>-poly[(2-hydroxyethyl)-<i>DL</i>-aspartamide] which had been developed as a nontoxic plasma expander. Preadministration of the modified ovalbumin suppressed both primary and secondary antiovalbumin IgE responses.
Adsorption of Zirconyl Salts and Their Acids on Hydroxyapatite: Use of the Salts as Coupling Agents to Dental Polymer Composites (1985)

Zirconyl methacrylate (I) and zirconyl-2-ethylhexanoate (II) were synthesized, and their adsorption isotherms from solutions onto synthetic hydroxyapatite were studied. The isotherms of methacrylic and 2-ethylhexanoic acids were also determined from the same solvents. The adsorption of I was irreversible from methylene chloride, and that of II was irreversible from cyclohexane. The adsorption in both cases was constant from solutions above a certain concentration, and exhaustive below this threshold concentration. Both compounds rendered the dried apatite powder extremely hydrophobic; however, the adsorbate was slowly washed off by excess water. The configuration of the adsorbate molecules, deduced from the maximum adsorption and other adsorption characteristics of the two compounds, indicated that: (i) in both cases the adsorbate may be held to the surface by concerted hydrogen bonding of the carboxylate and zirconyl oxygen atoms; and (ii) the hydrocarbon moieties in both adsorbates expose themselves toward the solution, thereby making the dried surface hydrophobic. The adsorptive behavior of the respective acids was similar to that of the salts. Polymer, filled with synthetic hydroxyapatite covered with irreversibly adsorbed I, had a diametral tensile strength about 50% greater than that of the polymer filled with untreated apatite. The strength of the composite was not affected by treatment of the apatite with II or with the acids.
Nonnucleoside Inhibitor of Measles Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Complex Activity (2007)

Paramyxoviruses comprise several major human pathogens. Although a live-attenuated vaccine protects against measles virus (MV), a member of the paramyxovirus family, the virus remains a principal cause of worldwide mortality and accounts for approximately 21 million cases and 300,000 to 400,000 deaths annually. The development of novel antivirals that allow improved case management of severe measles and silence viral outbreaks is thus highly desirable. We have previously described the development of novel MV fusion inhibitors. The potential for preexisting or emerging resistance in the field constitutes the rationale for the identification of additional MV inhibitors with a diverse target spectrum. Here, we report the development and implementation of a cell-based assay for high-throughput screening of MV antivirals, which has yielded several hit candidates. Following confirmation by secondary assays and chemical synthesis, the most potent hit was found to act as a target-specific inhibitor of MV replication with desirable drug-like properties. The compound proved highly active against multiple primary isolates of diverse MV genotypes currently circulating worldwide, showing active concentrations of 35 to 145 nM. Significantly, it does not interfere with viral entry and lacks cross-resistance with the MV fusion inhibitor class. Mechanistic characterization on a subinfection level revealed that the compound represents a first-in-class nonnucleoside inhibitor of MV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex activity. Singly or in combination with the fusion inhibitors, this novel compound class has high developmental potential as a potent therapeutic against MV and will likely further the mechanistic characterization of the viral polymerase complex.
Enhanced Output Power of GaN-Based LEDs With Nano-Patterned Sapphire Substrates (2008)

GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an emitting wavelength of 450 nm were grown on nano-patterned sapphire substrates (NPSS) fabricated by nanosphere lithography. The crystalline quality of the epitaxial film could be improved by using the NPSS technique. The output power of LED grown on NPSS was 1.3 and 1.11 times higher than those of LEDs grown on conventional and patterned sapphire substrates at the injection current of 20 mA, respectively. The enhancement in output power could be contributed to the efficiently scattering by NPSS. But some voids formed at the GaN/NPSS interface cause a thermal dissipation problem of NPSS LED operated at high injection current.
The Peacock Range, Arizona (1930)

Research Article| June 30, 1930 The Peacock Range, Arizona W. M. DAVIS W. M. DAVIS Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1930) 41 (2): 293–313. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-41-293 Article history received: 13 Mar 1930 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation W. M. DAVIS; The Peacock Range, Arizona. GSA Bulletin 1930;; 41 (2): 293–313. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-41-293 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Historical Introduction : Theories of the Basin RangesVIEWS OF KING AND GILBERTGilbert's explanation of the isolated mountain ranges in the Great Basin of the western United States as uplifted and more or less dissected fault-blocks has received, since its first announcement in 1874, several modifications, the most important of which is one proposed two years later by Powell, whose contribution thus made to the solution of the Basin-Range problem is not so well known as it deserves to be.It may be recalled, in this connection, that the first theory to account for the Basin ranges was proposed in 1870 by King, who then announced that they consist of “a series of conformably stratified beds, reaching from the early Azoic up to the late Jurassic period, when these level beds were compressed into vast mountain corrugations and elevated above the sea in a general wide and high plateau,” . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.
Low-cost outdoor video motion and non-motion detection (2002)

The video monitoring of outdoor sites is a demanding task that is commonly tackled by having security guards look at arrays of CCTV monitors. Experience shows that this is largely ineffective, both as a detector and a deterrent. However, modern digital imaging systems can solve both these problems by maintaining constant vigilance 24 hours a day. These systems can be versatile and can operate in several different modes, video motion detection, video nonmotion detection and incident capture, thus providing a flexibility of application environment. By basing these systems on powerful PC technology the end user benefits from a large range of facilities at relatively low cost. In particular, it is possible to have low cost frame storage and high performance communications over telephones, ISDN or Ethernet. Image sequences both prior to and after an event can be stored and transmitted. Archiving and retrieval of events can be done efficiently through standard databases. However, in order that such systems be operationally viable it is essential that the detection algorithms be smart enough to reduce the number of false alarms to virtually zero. Most of the discussion concerns technology that is currently available and in everyday use: the author uses the ASTRAGUARD product as a specific example of such a system.
Literature and Gender (2013)

Literature and Gender combines an introduction to and an anthology of literary texts which powerfully demonstrate the relevance of gender issues to the study of literature. The volume covers all three major literary genres - poetry, fiction and drama - and closely examines a wide range of themes, including: feminity versus creativity in women's lives and writing the construction of female characters autobiography and fiction the gendering of language the interaction of race, class and gender within writing, reading and interpretation. Literature and Gender is also a superb resource of primary texts, and includes writing by: Sappho Emily Dickinson Sylvia Plath Tennyson Elizabeth Bishop Louisa May Alcott Virginia Woolf Jamaica Kincaid Charlotte Perkins Gilman Susan Glaspell Also reproduced are essential essays by, amoung others, Maya Angelou, Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, Toni Morrison, Elaine Showalter, and Alice Walker. No other book on this subject provides an anthology, introduction and critical reader in one volume. Literature and Gender is the ideal guide for any student new to this field.
Grape seed proanthocyanidins and metformin act by different mechanisms to promote insulin signaling in rats fed high calorie diet (2013)

Key pathways like insulin signaling, AMP activated kinase (AMPK) activation and inflammatory signaling are involved in the complex pathological network of hepatic insulin resistance. Our aim is to investigate whether grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) and metformin (MET) target any of these pathways in insulin resistant rat liver. Albino Wistar rats were rendered insulin resistant by feeding a high fat-fructose diet (HFFD). Either GSP (100 mg/kg b.w), MET(50 mg/kg b.w) or both were administered to insulin resistant rats as therapeutic options. HFFD-feeding caused hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased gluconeogenesis, decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β(IR-β) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and increased serine phosphorylation of IRS-1. The association of p85α subunit of phosphotidyl inositol 3 kinase(PI3K) with IRS-1 and subsequent Akt phosphorylation were reduced while the expression of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) were increased in HFFD rats. Both MET and GSP reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and improved glycolysis, tyrosine phosphorylation of IR-β and IRS-1, IRS-1-PI3K association and Akt activation. However, activation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, leptin and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 and reduction in adiponectin caused by chronic HFFD feeding were reversed by GSP better than by MET. Activation of AMPK by GSP was much less compared to that by MET. These findings suggest that GSP might activate PI3K pathway and promote insulin action by reducing serine kinase activation and cytokine signaling and MET by targeting AMPK. The beneficial effects were enhanced during combination therapy. Thus, combination therapy with MET and GSP may be considered for the management of metabolic syndrome.
iWander: An Android application for dementia patients (2010)

Non-pharmacological management of dementia puts a burden on those who are taking care of a patient that suffer from this chronic condition. Caregivers frequently need to assist their patients with activities of daily living. However, they are also encouraged to promote functional independence. With the use of a discrete monitoring device, functional independence is increased among dementia patients while decreasing the stress put on caregivers. This paper describes a tool which improves the quality of treatment for dementia patients using mobile applications. Our application, iWander, runs on several Android based devices with GPS and communication capabilities. This allows for caregivers to cost effectively monitor their patients remotely. The data uncollected from the device is evaluated using Bayesian network techniques which estimate the probability of wandering behavior. Upon evaluation several courses of action can be taken based on the situation's severity, dynamic settings and probability. These actions include issuing audible prompts to the patient, offering directions to navigate them home, sending notifications to the caregiver containing the location of the patient, establishing a line of communication between the patient-caregiver and performing a party call between the caregiver-patient and patient's local 911. As patients use this monitoring system more, it will better learn and identify normal behavioral patterns which increases the accuracy of the Bayesian network for all patients. Normal behavior classifications are also used to alert the caregiver or help patients navigate home if they begin to wander while driving allowing for functional independence.
The treatment of malaria. (1976)

At least four doses of quinine followed by a single dose of mefloquine or by a single dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine are two highly effective regimens for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. Mefloquine alone is valuable in ambulant patients. Chloroquine-sensitive falciparum malaria can be treated with a course of chloroquine. Vivax and all other types of malaria should be treated with sequential chloroquine and primaquine. Quinine, by intravenous infusion, is the most effective drug for severe falciparum malaria. The optimum intravenous dose varies between 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg administered over four hours. Intravenous or oral quinine should be administered about every 12 hours and the total daily dose of quinine should rarely exceed 20 mg/kg. Intravenous fluid input should be controlled in falciparum malaria to prevent pulmonary oedema. Established renal failure is best treated by dialysis. The value of adrenocortical steroids for falciparum coma has not been established. Fresh blood transfusion may be helpful in small doses for severe anaemia and to replace clotting factors. Anticoagulants, such as heparin, should not be used in falciparum malaria.
Advances in Rapid Identification and Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory: Implications for Patient Care and Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (2017)

Early availability of information on bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility is of key importance for the management of infectious diseases patients. Currently, using traditional approaches, it usually takes at least 48 hours for identification and susceptibility testing of bacterial pathogens. Therefore, the slowness of diagnostic procedures drives prolongation of empiric, potentially inappropriate, antibacterial therapies. Over the last couple of years, the improvement of available techniques (<i>e.g.</i> for susceptibility testing, DNA amplification assays), and introduction of novel technologies (<i>e.g.</i> MALDI-TOF) has fundamentally changed approaches towards pathogen identification and characterization. Importantly, these techniques offer increased diagnostic resolution while at the same time shorten the time-to-result, and are thus of obvious importance for antimicrobial stewardship. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in medical microbiology with special emphasis on the impact of novel techniques on antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Use of the Fugo Blade in Complicated Cases (2002)

As usual, the consultation section in the August 2001 issue was quite interesting.1 It discussed cataract surgery in a posttraumatic eye that resulted in a dislocated cataract secondary to zonular damage. I perform a great deal of complicated surgery involving posttraumatic cases and Marfan's syndrome, about 5 cases of the latter each month. In the consultation case, the majority opinion was to stain the capsule and then perform a capsulorhexis. From my experience, I do not think this is the ophthalmologist's best option at the present time. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recently approved a novel device that we call the “plasma blade” but is called the Fugo blade in the U.S. after its inventor, Dr. Richard Fugo. I use this device every day at our eye hospital because it provides a precise, resistance-free incision. It is powered by flashlight-size rechargeable batteries and allows an actual cutting time of more than 1 hour per charge. It cuts sharper than a diamond blade. The secret to its function is that it creates a microscopic plasma cloud on the blunt, hair-thin cutting filament. The plasma cloud can be seen by the human eye. The Fugo blade has revised my thoughts about managing cases such the one presented. Now, I place a small amount of viscoelastic material in the anterior chamber. Then I trace the Fugo blade tip over the intended path of the incision in the anterior capsule. I can increase the diameter of the capsulotomy by tracing arcs of capsule along the capsulotomy rim or by placing radial Fugo blade incisions in the capsulotomy rim. Each maneuvers takes 4 to 5 seconds to perform. Also, radial Fugo blade incisions in the capsule do not spontaneously tear. You will not disturb the position of the weakened lens because the unit cuts in a resistance-free manner. This resistance-free cutting capability has been discussed (F.H. Roy, MD, “The Frictionless Cutting Tool Is Approved for Capsulotomy, but Potential Uses Abound,” Ocular Surgery News, September 1, 2001, pages 35, 38). The blade technology is undergoing clinical protocols in many areas such as glaucoma, vitreoretinal, refractive, and plastics. The blade has been used for bloodless tonsillectomy, bloodless resection of throat cancer, and revision of severe facial scars by plastic surgeons. Our hospital staff uses the unit constantly. We even do pediatric cataracts with it. Daljit Singh MD, DSc aAmritsar, India
“Brick‐and‐Mortar” Self‐Assembly Approach to Graphitic Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposites (2011)

Abstract Mesoporous carbon materials do not have sufficient ordering at the atomic scale to exhibit good electronic conductivity. To date, mesoporous carbons having uniform mesopores and high surface areas have been prepared from partially‐graphitizable precursors in the presence of templates. High temperature thermal treatments above 2000 °C, which are usually required to increase conductivity, result in a partial or total collapse of the mesoporous structures and reduced surface areas induced by growth of graphitic domains, limiting their applications in electric double layer capacitors and lithium‐ion batteries. In this work, we successfully implemented a “brick‐and‐mortar” approach to obtain ordered graphitic mesoporous carbon nanocomposites with tunable mesopore sizes below 850 °C without using graphitization catalysts or high temperature thermal treatments. Phenolic resin‐based mesoporous carbons act as mortar to highly conductive carbon blacks and carbon onions (bricks). The capacitance and resistivity of final materials can be tailored by changing the mortar to brick ratios.
Neuroprotection in Vascular Dementia (2006)

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD), and one of the major causes of mental and physical disability in developed countries. As such, the identification and implementation of strategies which prevent the development of the condition or enable improvements in patients with VaD are healthcare objectives of the first order. VaD is now regarded as a combined group of clinical-pathological entities rather than one disease, that is, multiple pathogenic mechanisms and lesion types underlie a cognitive impairment of vascular origin. The clinical diagnosis of VaD is complex and difficult because of the heterogeneous nature of its clinical presentation and progression and the low sensitivity of existing clinical criteria. Moreover, there is growing evidence of the epidemiological significance of mixed forms of dementia, and that ischemic processes may precipitate and exacerbate cognitive impairment in AD. Numerous compounds have been proposed as potentially useful in the treatment of patients with VaD, comprising vasodilatative, antithrombotic, hemorrheological, nootropic, antiserotoninergic and, most recently, antiglutamatergic and cholinergic approaches. In spite of some initially favorable reports based on the use of memantine, donepezil and galantamine, there is as yet no conclusive evidence of a definitive treatment for VaD. Unsatisfactory results from VaD drug trials may be attributed in part to the diversity of the patients included (underlying pathogenic mechanisms, number, type, and location of vascular lesions), and to methodological limitations in the design of the trials (outcome measures, end-points, size, follow-up period). The treatment of modifiable vascular risk factors - hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and heart disease - is an important strategy for the reduction of the risk of dementia, and is likely to slow the progress of cognitive decline.
A pencil beam algorithm for intensity modulated proton therapy derived from Monte Carlo simulations (2005)

A pencil beam algorithm as a component of an optimization algorithm for intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is presented. The pencil beam algorithm is tuned to the special accuracy requirements of IMPT, where in heterogeneous geometries both the position and distortion of the Bragg peak and the lateral scatter pose problems which are amplified by the spot weight optimization. Heterogeneity corrections are implemented by a multiple raytracing approach using fluence-weighted sub-spots. In order to derive nuclear interaction corrections, Monte Carlo simulations were performed. The contribution of long ranged products of nuclear interactions is taken into account by a fit to the Monte Carlo results. Energy-dependent stopping power ratios are also implemented. Scatter in optional beam line accessories such as range shifters or ripple filters is taken into account. The collimator can also be included, but without additional scattering. Finally, dose distributions are benchmarked against Monte Carlo simulations, showing 3%/1 mm agreement for simple heterogeneous phantoms. In the case of more complicated phantoms, principal shortcomings of pencil beam algorithms are evident. The influence of these effects on IMPT dose distributions is shown in clinical examples.