gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fresh and predegenerate nerve allografts and isografts in trembler mice (1981)

In order to investigate whether Schwann cell or myelin was the principal antigen responsible for nerve graft rejection, fresh nerve grafts and those in which myelin had been previously allowed to degenerate (predegenerate grafts) from both isogeneic BALB/c and allogeneic C57/B1 mice were inserted into trembler BALB/c mice. Schwann cells within nerve allografts from C57/B1 mice were rejected, whether or not the grafts contained myelin. Nerve isografts from normal BALB/c animals produced normally myelinated trembler axons within the grafted segments, and across these segments conduction velocity was restored towards the normal value. It is concluded that Schwann cells, not myelin, constitute the principal antigen within nerve allografts and it is Schwann-cell rejection that limits the successful use of nerve allografts.
Performance and Certification Testing of Insulated Pressure Vessels for Vehicular Hydrogen Storage (2001)

Insulated pressure vessels are cryogenic-capable pressure vessels that can be fueled with liquid hydrogen (LH2) or ambient-temperature compressed hydrogen (CH2). Insulated pressure vessels offer the advantages of liquid hydrogen tanks (low weight and volume), with reduced disadvantages (fuel flexibility, lower energy requirement for hydrogen liquefaction and reduced evaporative losses). The work described here is directed at verifying that commercially available pressure vessels can be safely used to store liquid hydrogen. The use of commercially available pressure vessels significantly reduces the cost and complexity of the insulated pressure vessel development effort. This paper describes a series of tests that have been done with aluminumlined, fiber-wrapped vessels to evaluate the damage caused by low temperature operation. All analysis and experiments to date indicate that no significant damage has resulted. Required future tests are described that will prove that no technical barriers exist to the safe use of aluminum-fiber vessels at cryogenic temperatures. Future activities also include a demonstration project in which the insulated pressure vessels will be installed and tested on two vehicles. A draft standard will also be generated for obtaining certification for insulated pressure vessels.
Relaxometry, Luminescence Measurement, Electrophoresis, and Animal Biodistribution of Lanthanide(III) Complexes of Some Polyaza Macrocyclic Acetates Containing Pyridine (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelaxometry, Luminescence Measurement, Electrophoresis, and Animal Biodistribution of Lanthanide(III) Complexes of Some Polyaza Macrocyclic Acetates Containing PyridineWon D. Kim, Garry E. Kiefer, Frederic Maton, Kenneth McMillan, Robert N. Muller, and A. Dean SherryCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 8, 2233–2243Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00112a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00112a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views565Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
METS meets the F-15E supportability challenge (2003)

The Mobile Electronic Test Set (METS) F-15 avionics intermediate shop (AIS) automatic test equipment (ATE) is described. METS takes advantage of the stimuli/measurement capability for a printed circuit board available for portable testers. Because METS uses six parallel high-speed microprocessors and distributed processing techniques, it provides a real-time multitasking test environment. The extensive built-in testing (BIT) capability of each unit is utilized by METS to assist in the fault isolation. The evolution of F-15 AIS ATE to the METS is presented as a function of a combination of changes in US Air Force operational requirements and improvements in line replaceable unit (LRU) testability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biomimetic glass nanopores employing aptamer gates responsive to a small molecule (2010)

We report the preparation of 20 and 65 nm radii glass nanopores whose surface is modified with DNA aptamers controlling the molecular transport through the nanopores in response to small molecule binding.
Torsional Vibrations during Misfiring of Six-cylinder Diesel Engine Fitted with Five-bladed Propeller (2008)

The authors have studied the torsional vibration characteristics of a crankshaft system consisting of a six-cylinder engine for a large ship which has a five-bladed propeller in the case where one cylinder misfires. In such a case, the amplitude of torsional vibrations due to the sixth torsional harmonic reduces compared with that in case of a normal operation. However, the forth and fifth torsional harmonics increase; therefore, the amplitude of the torsional vibrations corresponding to these components also increases. In particular, the torsional vibration stress due to the forth torsional harmonic component increases; therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the allowable stresses on the shaft are not exceeded.
Autonomous Vehicle Localization (2020)

For autonomous vehicles, one of the most critical tasks is localization, i.e., the accurate and real-time determination of the unit’s position. In this chapter we first study different localization techniques, including GNSS, LiDAR and High-Definition Maps, Visual Odometry, and other Dead Reckoning sensors. We also look into several real-world examples of applying sensor fusion techniques to combine multiple sensors to provide more accurate localization.
Efficient Network Coding for Wireless Broadcasting (2010)

It has been shown in the literature that network coding can improve the transmission efficiency of wireless broadcasting as compared to traditional ARQ schemes. In this paper, we propose an improved network coding scheme that can asymptotically achieve the theoretical lower bound on transmission overhead for a sufficiently large number of information blocks. The proposed scheme makes use of an index allocation algorithm that distributes information blocks that have been erased during transmission into a minimum number of encoding sets, where each set represents the erased blocks to be jointly network encoded and retransmitted. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme enables higher transmission efficiencies than traditional ARQ, and previously proposed networks coding schemes for wireless broadcasting.
The Sun in Her Eyes: Writing in English by Singapore Women (1984)

Singapore writing in English goes back a mere forty-five years, and the work of the women writers is of even more recent provenance.1 From the forties to the mid-sixties, anglophone literary works were mostly by male authors as far fewer women than men in Singapore had formal education (let alone an education in English, the language of government and of professional advancement and when during the colonial and immediately post-colonial days primary education was not universal even for males). Furthermore, it was tertiary education which played a crucial, enabling role in literary production for it was not till after the post-war establishment of the University of Malaya in Singapore in 1948 and the appearance of undergraduate magazines that local literary work began to be published in earnest. It followed also that the first anthologies of these early poems and short stories were produced and sponsored, too, by male undergraduates, graduates and male-dominant graduate institutions?
Optical and Optoelectronic Property Analysis of Nanomaterials inside Transmission Electron Microscope (2017)

In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows one to investigate nanostructures at high spatial resolution in response to external stimuli, such as heat, electrical current, mechanical force and light. This review exclusively focuses on the optical, optoelectronic and photocatalytic studies inside TEM. With the development of TEMs and specialized TEM holders that include in situ illumination and light collection optics, it is possible to perform optical spectroscopies and diverse optoelectronic experiments inside TEM with simultaneous high resolution imaging of nanostructures. Optical TEM holders combining the capability of a scanning tunneling microscopy probe have enabled nanomaterial bending/stretching and electrical measurements in tandem with illumination. Hence, deep insights into the optoelectronic property versus true structure and its dynamics could be established at the nanometer-range precision thus evaluating the suitability of a nanostructure for advanced light driven technologies. This report highlights systems for in situ illumination of TEM samples and recent research work based on the relevant methods, including nanomaterial cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence, photocatalysis, photodeposition, photoconductivity and piezophototronics.
Hall effect sensor-based linear transducer (2003)

This paper presents a new type of transducer based on Hall effect sensors. This transducer is actually used at PERCRO as a small low cost, low displacement friction system for tracking hand position. A description of several displacement sensors as well as the Hall effect is reported. The mathematical model was tested by means of an experimental apparatus. The optimal parameters were determined on the apparatus and used for the realisation of a prototypal sensor.
Why BiCMOS and SOI BiCMOS? (2002)

Silicon technology development is at a crossroads, following an exponential rate of progress for more than thirty years. While CMOS (complementary metal—oxide-semiconductor) will remain the backbone of digital logic, silicon technology will evolve in directions driven by system needs that are not met by CMOS alone. It is argued that BiCMOS (bipolar complementary metal—oxide-semiconductor), particularly SOI (silicon-on-insulator) BiCMOS, will emerge as an important technology platform for mixed-signal systems. The bipolar transistors will be used primarily for the rf (radio-frequency) and analog functions, while the CMOS will be used for most digital functions. The SOI substrate provides dc and ac isolation, as well as opportunities for further device and circuit innovation.
Reversible histone modification and the chromosome cell cycle (1992)

During the eukaryotic cell cycle, chromosomes undergo large structural transitions and spatial rearrangements that are associated with the major cell functions of genome replication, transcription and chromosome condensation to metaphase chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells have evolved cell cycle dependent processes that modulate histone:DNA interactions in chromosomes. These are; i) acetylations of lysines; ii) phosphorylations of serines and threonines and iii) ubiquitinations of lysines. All of these reversible modifications are contained in the well-defined very basic N- and C-terminal domains of histones. Acetylations and phosphorylations markedly affect the charge densities of these domains whereas ubiquitination adds a bulky globular protein, ubiquitin, to lysines in the C-terminal tails of H2A and H2B. Histone acetylations are strictly associated with genome replication and transcription; histone H1 and H3 phosphorylations correlate with the process of chromosome condensation. The subunits of histone H1 kinase have now been shown to be cyclins and the p34CDC2 kinase product of the cell cycle control gene CDC2. It is probable that all of the processes that control chromosome structure:function relationships are also involved in the control of the cell cycle.
Increased expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and decreased expression of IL-2 and interferon-gamma in long-surviving mouse heart allografts after brief CD4-monoclonal antibody therapy. (1995)

In a mouse model for vascularized heart transplantation, CBA recipients of BALB/c hearts were treated with 0.25 mg of anti-CD4 (GK1.5) given intraperitoneally on the day of grafting and on days 1, 2, and 3 thereafter. This reduced splenic CD4+ cells to < 1% and all grafts survived > 100 days, compared with 8-10 days in untreated recipients. Despite recovery of the CD4+ cells after day 21, mice did not reject donor-type skin grafts at > 30 days, but rapidly rejected third-party skin, showing alloantigen-specific tolerance. The surviving heart grafts had significant mononuclear cell infiltration at time points from 7 to 100 days after transplantation. In the normal rejection process, where extensive myocyte necrosis was seen at 7 days, graft-infiltrating T cells produced IL-2 and IFN-gamma. These cells responded in vitro to IL-2 and displayed donor-specific CTL activity. In contrast, cells from CD4-mAb-treated hearts did not show significant growth in IL-2 or kill donor cells in CTL assays. In these nonrejecting hearts, immunohistology showed a diffuse infiltrate of T cells and macrophages by day 3. The allograft infiltrate increased rapidly thereafter in both rejecting and nonrejecting grafts, peaking at day 6-7 in rejecting grafts, when CD4+, CD8+, and IL-2R+ cells were present, with expression of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4, but only trace levels of IL-10. From 14 to 100 days, nonrejecting allografts showed a characteristic cytokine profile of dense IL-4 and IL-10 expression on intragraft leukocytes and endothelial cells, with low levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. This cytokine profile, characteristic of Th2 responses, was seen in all nonrejecting grafts and was not present in rejecting grafts. Allograft tolerance can studied by examination of the functions and cytokine profile of the cells within the graft, and tolerance develops in the presence of a Th2 response within the graft.
A wind-tunnel investigation of the effect of body shape on sonic-boom pressure distributions (1965)

Wind tunnel measurements on effect of slender body shape on sonic boom pressure distributions
Phenotypic characterization of regulatory T cells in the human decidua (2004)

Pregnancy is a unique situation for the maternal immune system. We have studied and identified a CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cell population isolated from the human decidua. This mucosal surface in the uterus is in direct contact with semiallogenic fetal cells. We observed that about 14% of the decidual CD4+ T cells have the CD4+CD25+ phenotype. The decidual CD4+CD25+ T cells expressed high frequency of intracellular CTLA-4 (CTLA-4i). The majority of CD4+CD25+CTLA-4i+ cells were also positive for GITR and OX40, typical markers for human Treg cells. The frequency of CD4+CD25+ T cells in the peripheral blood from pregnant women was found to be increased during the first and second trimester of gestation when compared to nonpregnant controls. Being an important molecule for Treg cells, the role of CTLA-4 in the regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression was also examined. The stimulation with CTLA-4Ig did not increase IDO mRNA expression in CD14+ cells from pregnant women, while IFN-gamma was observed to up-regulate IDO expression. The presence of Treg cells in the human decidua suggests that these cells are important in protecting the fetus from alloreactive immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface.
GPU Cluster for High Performance Computing (2005)

Inspired by the attractive Flops/dollar ratio and the incredible growth in the speed of modern graphics processing units (GPUs), we propose to use a cluster of GPUs for high performance scientific computing. As an example application, we have developed a parallel flow simulation using the lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) on a GPU cluster and have simulated the dispersion of airborne contaminants in the Times Square area of New York City. Using 30 GPU nodes, our simulation can compute a 480x400x80 LBM in 0.31 second/step, a speed which is 4.6 times faster than that of our CPU cluster implementation. Besides the LBM, we also discuss other potential applications of the GPU cluster, such as cellular automata, PDE solvers, and FEM.
Investigation of the S-PIN Diodes for Silicon Monolithic Antennas With Reconfigurable Aperture (2010)

Investigations of surface p-i-n (S-PIN) diodes developed for silicon monolithic antennas with reconfigurable aperture have been described. The main criteria for choosing a suitable substrate for the S-PIN diodes have been extensively discussed. Based on this analysis, it has been found that dedicated silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates meet the requirements of efficient and lossless wave propagation. Experimental results shown in this paper confirm the applicability of SOI substrates for manufacturing of electrically reconfigurable slot apertures. The results show that S-PIN diodes realized on SOI substrates are suitable for various microwave and millimeter-wave applications.
Metal-clad fiber-optic cutoff polarizer (1986)

A metal-clad fiber-optic cutoff polarizer using a thin film is proposed and fabricated. An extinction ratio of 47 dB with excess loss of 1 dB in the polarizer has been achieved.
Non-contacting Electric and Magnetic Field Probe for Measuring EM Fields on Microwave Planar Circuits (2007)

Optimal design of a non-contacting CPW-type magnetic probe and semi-rigid coaxial electric probe has been studied for measuring electromagnetic (EM) surface fields on planar microwave circuits. In order to verify the performance of both probes, measured EM field components were presented for 50 Omega CPW-line, and a microstrip resonator, etc. The results demonstrate that the presented measurement system is a powerful tool to accurately characterize the behavior of planar high-frequency circuits. The comparison between the measured results and the reference data validate the good performance of our probes. In addition, a further study on extracting the effective dielectric constant of the substrate by our new probe is also demonstrated with the experimental validation.
A novel interference mechanism by a type <scp>IIIB CRISPR</scp>‐<scp>Cmr</scp> module in <i><scp>S</scp>ulfolobus</i> (2013)

Summary Recent studies on CRISPR ‐based adaptive immune systems have revealed extensive structural and functional diversity of the interference complexes which often coexist intracellularly. The archaeon S ulfolobus islandicus REY 15 A encodes three interference modules, one of type IA and two of type IIIB . Earlier we showed that type IA activity eliminated plasmid vectors carrying matching protospacers with specific CCN PAM sequences. Here we demonstrate that interference‐mediated by one type IIIB module Cmr ‐α, and a Csx 1 protein, efficiently eliminated plasmid vectors carrying matching protospacers but lacking PAM motifs. Moreover, Cmr ‐α‐mediated interference was dependent on directional transcription of the protospacer, in contrast to the transcription‐independent activities of the type IA and type IIIA DNA interference. We infer that the interference mechanism involves transcription‐dependent DNA targeting. A rationale is provided for the intracellular coexistence of the different interference systems in S . islandicus REY 15 A which cooperate functionally by sharing a single Cas 6 protein for crRNA processing and utilize crRNA products from identical CRISPR spacers.
Understanding the <scp>mTOR</scp> signaling pathway via mathematical modeling (2017)

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulatory pathway that integrates a variety of environmental cues to control cellular growth and homeostasis by intricate molecular feedbacks. In spite of extensive knowledge about its components, the molecular understanding of how these function together in space and time remains poor and there is a need for Systems Biology approaches to perform systematic analyses. In this work, we review the recent progress how the combined efforts of mathematical models and quantitative experiments shed new light on our understanding of the mTOR signaling pathway. In particular, we discuss the modeling concepts applied in mTOR signaling, the role of multiple feedbacks and the crosstalk mechanisms of mTOR with other signaling pathways. We also discuss the contribution of principles from information and network theory that have been successfully applied in dissecting design principles of the mTOR signaling network. We finally propose to classify the mTOR models in terms of the time scale and network complexity, and outline the importance of the classification toward the development of highly comprehensive and predictive models. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1379. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1379 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
MEMS IMU Carouseling for Ground Vehicles (2014)

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes have advantageous properties for orientation sensing and navigation as they are small, low cost, and consume little power. However, the significant noise at low frequencies results in large orientation errors as a function of time. Controlled physical rotation of the gyroscope can be used to remove the constant part of the gyro errors and reduce low-frequency noise. As adding motors for this would increase the system cost, it would be advantageous to attach gyros to a rotating platform that is already built in the vehicle. In this paper, we present theory and results for novel navigation systems where an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is attached to the wheel of a ground vehicle. The results show that a low-cost MEMS IMU can provide a very accurate navigation solution using this placement option.
Measurement of temperature (1981)

Temperatures are now measured by scientists on the thermodynamic or Kelvin scale, using the symbol 'K'. 0 K, the zero of the thermodynamic scale, is absolute zero which is defined from Charles' law (Chap. 30). However, temperatures are still often given in degrees Celsius because of their familiarity.
The Bedside Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis Study (2006)

Excluding PE with at least 2 negative results on 3 bedside tests safely eliminates the need for diagnostic imaging in 34% of patients with suspected PE.
Requirements and objectives for secure Traffic Information Systems (2008)

Early approaches for Traffic Information Systems (TISs) primarily focused on centralized systems using unidirectional downlink communication and employing wireless broadcast or similar techniques. In general, these centralized TISs were operated by public radio stations, thus there were almost no security issues related to this approach. The situation changes when new Inter Vehicle Communication (IVC) techniques are investigated. The advantages of improved timeliness and accuracy of available traffic information come with a number of security concerns. This paper reviews the requirements and objectives for secure TISs. We outline possible solutions to face the security concerns and clearly depict open issues. In conclusion, we advocate more secure TISs that benefit from recent IVC technologies in a more secure and privacy protecting way.