gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of tellurite for the selection of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 (1993)

Potassium tellurite was assessed for the selection of verocytotoxigenic (VT+) Escherichia coli O157. MICs were higher for VT+ E. coli O157 than for other strains of E. coli and for Aeromonas spp. MacConkey medium containing sorbitol, tellurite and cefixime (TC-SMAC) permitted the growth of VT+ E. coli O157 and Shigella sonnei but partially or completely inhibited the growth of 67% of other strains of E. coli and all or most strains of other sorbitol-non-fermenting species tested. Of 391 rectal swabs from cattle screened on TC-SMAC medium, 26 yielded isolates of VT+ E. coli O157 whereas sorbitol-MacConkey medium with cefixime and rhamnose yielded only nine isolates. Inclusion of potassium tellurite in sorbitol-MacConkey agar markedly increased the rate of isolation of VT+ E. coli O157 from cattle rectal swabs and may do so for other types of specimen.
Cispentacin, A new antifungal antibiotic I. Production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and structure. (1989)

A new antibiotic, cispentacin, was isolated from the culture broth of a Bacillus cereus strain, L450-B2. The antibiotic is water-soluble and amphoteric; its structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical synthesis to be (1R,2S)-2-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid. Cispentacin demonstrated only weak in vitro activity against certain fungi but strong protection of mice from lethal infection of Candida albicans A9540.
Membrane currents in a calcitonin-secreting human C cell line (1992)

The whole cell version of the patch-clamp technique was used to identify and characterize voltage-gated Ca2+, Na+, and K+ currents in the calcitonin-secreting human thyroid TT cell line. Ca2+ current consisted of a single low-voltage-activated rapidly inactivating component. The current was one-half maximally activated at a potential of -27 mV, while steady-state voltage-dependent inactivation was one-half complete at -51 mV. The Ca2+ current inactivated with a voltage-dependent time constant that reached a minimum of 16 ms at potentials positive to -15 mV. Deactivation kinetics could also be fit with a single voltage-dependent time constant of approximately 2 ms at -80 mV. Replacing Ca2+ with Ba2+ reduced the maximum current by 18 +/- 5% (n = 6). The dihydropyridine Ca2+ agonist (-)BAY K 8644 did not affect the Ca2+ current, but 50 microM Ni2+ reduced it by 81 +/- 0.8% (n = 5). TT cells also possessed tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated Na+ channels and tetraethylammonium-sensitive delayed rectifier type K+ currents. These results indicate that TT cells possess membrane currents necessary for the generation of action potentials. T-type Ca2+ channels are the sole pathway for voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry into these cells and may couple electrical activity to calcitonin secretion.
Electrophilic aromatic reactivities via pyrolysis of 1-arylethyl esters. Part 16. The effects of the acetoxy and acylamino substituents (1978)

The rates of gas-phase elimination of acetic acid from the appropriate 1-arylethyl acetates have been measured to determine σ+ values for the following substitutents: p-OAc (–0.12), m-OAc (0.335), p-NHAc ( [graphic omitted] –0.62), m-NHAc (0.08). The numerical values, and the differences between them and those reported for molecular chlorination, are discussed in terms of electronic effects.
A coustic echo canceller with multiple echo paths. (1989)

A new configuration of acoustic echo canceller for multiple microphone teleconferencing systems is proposed. It is designed for use with microphones whose gains switch or vary during teleconferencing according to the talker. This system requires memory for multiple echo paths, which enables the updating of filter coefficients when an echo path is changed due to the switching of the actuated microphone during talker alternation. In comparison to the single echo path model which uses only adaptation, this method maintains echo cancellation during abrupt changes of the echo path when the microphone alternates between talkers. Also in comparison to direct microphone output mixing, this method reduces the stationary residual echo level by the reduction of acoustic coupling.
Preparation of Highly b-Oriented Silicalite-1 Films (2010)

Using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a silicon source and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) as a structure-directing agent, we prepared highly b-oriented silicalite-1 thin films with smooth surfaces and excellent continuity by optimizing the preparation parameters such as the gel composition and reaction time.The influence of gel composition and substrate surface roughness on the orientation, size, and distribution of the microcrystals in the silicalite-1 thin films were investigated.We achieved highly orientated silicalite-1 crystal growth on the substrates as well as excellent control of crystal size and film microstructure.The preparation procedure reported here is feasible and has excellent reproducibility.In addition, the thin films were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
A Low Temperature Transfer of ALH84001 from Mars to Earth (2000)

The ejection of material from Mars is thought to be caused by large impacts that would heat much of the ejecta to high temperatures. Images of the magnetic field of martian meteorite ALH84001 reveal a spatially heterogeneous pattern of magnetization associated with fractures and rock fragments. Heating the meteorite to 40 degrees C reduces the intensity of some magnetic features, indicating that the interior of the rock has not been above this temperature since before its ejection from the surface of Mars. Because this temperature cannot sterilize most bacteria or eukarya, these data support the hypothesis that meteorites could transfer life between planets in the solar system.
Biological and Serological Properties of <i>Potato virus Y</i> Isolates in Northeastern United States Potato (2006)

A survey of six potato viruses, Potato virus A (PVA), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus S(PVS), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), was conducted in New York and Maine during 2002 and 2003. Leaf samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PVY-positive samples were further tested to determine whether a necrotic strain of PVY (PVY<sup>N</sup>) or a strain able to induce necrosis in tobacco and in potato tubers (PVY<sup>NTN</sup>) were present. In both years, PVY and PVS were identified in a majority of the samples, and mixed infections predominated in 83% of the symptomatic leaves in 2002. Of the total 394 PVY-positive samples, 3 reacted with monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1F5 and caused veinal necrosis (VN) in tobacco. Two of these isolates caused tuber necrosis in the potato cv. Yukon Gold. Three PVY isolates reacted with MAb 1F5 but did not cause VN in tobacco, and two caused VN but did not react with MAb 1F5. None of these eight isolates were able to overcome the Ry resistance gene in the potato cultivar Eva, but several were able to overcome the Ny resistance gene found in Allegany. PVY<sup>N</sup> isolates were not widespread in the northeastern United States; however, several PVY isolates differed from both PVY<sup>N</sup> and the ordinary strain of PVY and may represent strain recombinants.
A Wearable Face Recognition System Built into a Smartwatch and the Visually Impaired User (2015)

Practitioners usually expect that real-time computer vision systems such as face recognition systems will

require hardware components with high processing power. In this paper, we present a concept to show that

it is technically possible to develop a simple real-time face recognition system in a wearable device with

low processing power ??? in this case an assistive device for the visually impaired. Our platform of choice

here is the first generation Samsung Galaxy Gear smartwatch. Running solely in the watch, without pairing

to a phone or tablet, the system detects a face in the image captured by the camera, and then performs face

recognition (on a limited dictionary), emitting an audio feedback that either identifies the recognized person

or indicates that s/he is unknown. For the face recognition approach we use a variation of the K-NN

algorithm which accomplished the task with high accuracy rates. This paper presents the proposed system

and preliminary results on its evaluation.
Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia (2003)

The authors found that PPIA is associated with increased parental HR and SCL. However, no increased incidence of electrocardiogram abnormalities were found in parents present during induction of anesthesia.
A Thinning-based Algorithm for Evaluating Somatic Embryos (1993)

A computer vision algorithm was developed based on a thinning technique for evaluating shapes of embryos in an automated somatic embryo production system. Normally shaped embryos thus selected will be further processed for transplants or artificial seed production. Carrot was used as a model plant. The skeleton of the embryo image was induced by thinning the image, and two parameters describing the shape of the skeleton were defined and used as selection criteria. These criteria were chosen because normal embryos have Y-shaped skeletons. The results were comparable to those based on human judgments. The developed algorithm gave results independent of the size and position of the embryo image.
DOME II: A Parallelized BTF Acquisition System (2013)

Bidirectional Texture Functions (BTFs) provide a realistic depiction of the appearance of many real-world materials as they contain the spatially varying light scattering behavior of the material surface. Since editing of existing BTF data is still in its early stages, materials have to be measured from real-world samples. In contrast to the related Spatially Varying BRDFs (SVBRDFs), the reflectance information encoded in a BTF also includes nonlocal scattering effects and therefore does not obey energy conservation or reciprocity. While this higher degree of freedom also contributes to an increased realism, it inadvertently calls for an extensive measurement of reflectance samples, as many regularization approaches from BRDF measurement do not apply. In this paper, we present an automated, parallelized, robust, fast and transportable setup for the acquisition of BTFs from flat samples as well as 3D objects using camera and light arrays: the DOME II. In contrast to previous camera array approaches, the present setup, which is comprised of high-quality industry grade components, overcomes several issues regarding stability, reliability and precision. It achieves a well balanced state-of-the-art acquisition performance in terms of speed and quality at reasonable costs.
Motion blur detection in radiographs (2008)

Image blur introduced by patient motion is one of the most frequently cited reasons for image rejection in radiographic diagnostic imaging. The goal of the present work is to provide an automated method for the detection of anatomical motion blur in digital radiographic images to help improve image quality and facilitate workflow in the radiology department. To achieve this goal, the method first reorients the image to a predetermined hanging protocol. Then it locates the primary anatomy in the radiograph and extracts the most indicative region for motion blur, i.e., the region of interest (ROI). The third step computes a set of motion-sensitive features from the extracted ROI. Finally, the extracted features are evaluated by using a classifier that has been trained to detect motion blur. Preliminary experiments show promising results with 86% detection sensitivity, 72% specificity, and an overall accuracy of 76%.
New methods for binding enzyme molecules into a water‐insoluble matrix: Properties after insolubilization (1973)

Abstract New methods of crosslinking enzyme molecules inside a matrix with or without an inactive protein are described. Enzyme activity yields range between 30 and 80% of the activity of the untreated preparations. Even fragile enzyme systems, for instance those using mobile cofactors, can be efficiently immobilized. Increased resistance towards heat denaturation and proteolysis results.
Fault Ride Through and Grid Support Topology for the VSC-HVDC Connected Offshore Wind Farms (2016)

Voltage source converter (VSC) based high voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission draws more attention in recent years for the grid connection of large-scale offshore wind farms (WF). This paper proposes nine switch converter (NSC) based configuration and control strategy for the VSC-HVdc connected offshore WFs to enhance the fault ride through operation of the system. The configuration allows having both shunt and series interfaces to the onshore grid, which allows the isolation of the faulty part of the network, continuous power delivery to the healthy portion, and significant reduction of the fault current. Reduced switch count NSC is utilized at the onshore station to provide simultaneous shunt and series compensation to the electric grid. The proposed control strategy ensures full power evacuation and the dc-link voltage regulation during network disturbances. The comparative analysis between the proposed and conventional VSC-HVdc systems carried out in MATLAB/ Simulink environment revealed the former's enhanced transient performance.
Aldose Reductase and Cardiovascular Diseases, Creating Human-Like Diabetic Complications in an Experimental Model (2010)

Hyperglycemia and reduced insulin actions affect many biological processes. One theory is that aberrant metabolism of glucose via several pathways including the polyol pathway causes cellular toxicity. Aldose reductase (AR) is a multifunctional enzyme that reduces aldehydes. Under diabetic conditions AR converts glucose into sorbitol, which is then converted to fructose. This article reviews the biology and pathobiology of AR actions. AR expression varies considerably among species. In humans and rats, the higher level of AR expression is associated with toxicity. Flux via AR is increased by ischemia and its inhibition during ischemia reperfusion reduces injury. However, similar pharmacological effects are not observed in mice unless they express a human AR transgene. This is because mice have much lower levels of AR expression, probably insufficient to generate toxic byproducts. Human AR expression in LDL receptor knockout mice exacerbates vascular disease, but only under diabetic conditions. In contrast, a recent report suggests that genetic ablation of AR increased atherosclerosis and increased hydroxynonenal in arteries. It was hypothesized that AR knockout prevented reduction of toxic aldehydes. Like many in vivo effects found in genetically manipulated animals, interpretation requires the reproduction of human-like physiology. For AR, this will require tissue specific expression of AR in sites and at levels that approximate those in humans.
A Right Without A Remedy: The Unenforceable Medical Procedure Patent (1999)

Mr. Anderson discusses the current status of medical procedure patents in the United States through the examination of a survey conducted on patent law and the patentability of inventions. Mr. Anderson examines the history of medical process patents and the controversy surrounding such patents and offers an analysis of current law. The analysis focuses on the Pallin v. Singer decision and the congressional reaction to the holding that eventually led to the passage of 35 U.S.C. § 287(c). As a result of the Pallin decision and 35 U.S.C. § 287(c), a patent may be granted for a medical procedure, but the patent owner cannot enforce it against likely infringers. Thus, Mr. Anderson demonstrates how current patent laws are adequate to encompass such patents and rejects racing to a sui generis solution.
Frequency domain measurement of blockiness in MPEG-2 coded video (2002)

Blockiness in the MPEG-2 coded pictures is due to luminance discontinuities across the DCT block boundaries. Using the Sobel operators, these discontinuities can be extracted. After segmentation into smaller blocks of pixels and Fourier transformation into the frequency domain, the blockiness will be translated into harmonics whose amplitude and phase can provide vital information for quantifying the blockiness. The amplitude of the harmonics is proportional to the degree of blockiness, while the phase of the harmonics can be used to verify that the harmonics are not due to contextual details in the picture. By examining both the amplitude and phase information of the harmonics, an accurate blockiness detector that needs no reference pictures has been devised, achieving a high correlation of 0.88 between the model prediction and the subjective data.
Utilizing pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling to simultaneously examine free CCL2, total CCL2 and carlumab (CNTO 888) concentration time data (2013)

The chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) promotes angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Carlumab is a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody with high CCL2 binding affinity. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data from 21 cancer patients with refractory tumors were analyzed. The PK/PD model characterized the temporal relationships between serum concentrations of carlumab, free CCL2, and the carlumab-CCL2 complex. Dose-dependent increases in total CCL2 concentrations were observed and were consistent with shifting free CCL2. Free CCL2 declined rapidly after the initial carlumab infusion, returned to baseline within 7 days, and increased to levels greater than baseline following subsequent doses. Mean predicted half-lives of carlumab and carlumab-CCL2 complex were approximately 2.4 days and approximately 1 hour for free CCL2. The mean dissociation constant (KD ), 2.4 nM, was substantially higher than predicted by in vitro experiments, and model-based simulation revealed this was the major factor hindering the suppression of free CCL2 at clinically viable doses.
Global Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acids in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2006)

The incorporation of amino acid analogs is becoming increasingly useful. Site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids allows the application of chemical biology to protein-specific investigations and applications. However, the global incorporation of unnatural amino acids allows for tests of proteomic and genetic code hypotheses. For example, the adaptation of organisms to unnatural amino acids may lead to new genetic codes. To understand and quantify changes from such perturbations, an understanding is required of the microbiological and proteomic responses to the incorporation of unnatural amino acids. Here we describe protocols to characterize the effects of such proteome-wide perturbations.
Prospective study of erythropoietin use on quality of life and cost effectiveness in acute myeloid leukemia and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients (2012)

ESAs have a clinical and economic benefit on Hb recovery, could improve a patient's QoL, and lead to a significant reduction in number of RBC transfusions with no effect on survival.
Changes in the frequency of specific transcripts during development of the pancreas. (1977)

The sequence complexity and frequency distribution of adult rat pancreas polyadenylated RNAs and the changes in these pancreas transcripts during development have been analyzed by means of complementary DNA-RNA hybridization analysis. The following results were obtained. (a) An abundant set of pancreas polyadenylate# RNAs hybridizes with 90% of pancreas cDNA (the copy of aduit rat pancreas polyadenylated RNA), comprises ahout 2%) of total pancreas RNA, has a sequence complexity of about 2 x 10’ nucleotides, and is largely tissue specific. These and other data imply that these RNAs code primarily for pancreas-specific secretory prateins. (b) A less abundant set of pancreas RNAs hybridizes with HTC cell cl)NA (the copy of HTC cell polyadenylated RNA), comprises about 0.03% of total pancreas RNA, has a sequence complexity of at least 3 x lo” nucleotides, and is more frequent in rapidly proliferating tissues (HTC cells and embryonic pancreas) than in the adult pancreas. (c) In contrast to the pancreas, the relatively undifferentiated HTC cell does not contain a predominant set of polyadenylated RNAs of low complexity. (d) Moderate concentrations of RNAs complementary to pancreas cl)NA are present in pancreatic rudiments at 14 days of gestation when levels of pancreas-specific proteins are low. Between 14 and 20 days of gestation, the concentration of these RNAs increases several hundred-fold in the embryonic pancreas, in parallel with the increased rate of synthesis of pancreas-specific proteins. (e) Pancreas cL)NA hybridizes in situ primarily to the regions of acinar cells actively synthesizing secretory proteins. The very favorable signalto-noise ratio of the technique indicates that it will be useful for detecting low amounts of pancreas-specific RNAs early in development.
A metametadata taxonomy to support semantic searching algorithms in metadata repository (2009)

This paper discusses on a novel method for semantic searching and retrieval of information about learning materials. A novel metametadata taxonomy has been developed which provides the basis for a semantic search engine to extract, match and map queries to retrieve relevant results. Metametadata encapsulate metadata instances by using the properties and attributes provided by ontologies rather than describing learning objects. The use of ontological views assists the pedagogical content of metadata extracted from learning objects by using the control vocabularies as identified from the metametadata taxonomy. The use of ontological approach and metametadata (based on the metametadata taxonomy) have contributed towards a novel semantic searching mechanism. These three strands - the taxonomy, the ontological views, and the search algorithm - are integrated into an architecture (OMESCOD) to support the semantic search within the metadata repository.
A Comparison of Neodymium Versatate, Neodymium Neopentanolate and Neodymium Bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphate in Ternary Ziegler Type Catalyst Systems With Regard to their Impact on the Polymerization of 1,3‐Butadiene (2005)

In ternary Ziegler catalyst systems comprised of a Nd‐component, diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAH) and ethylaluminum sesquichloride (EASC), three Nd salts [neodymium versatate (NdV), neodymium neopentanolate (NdA) and neodymium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphate (NdP)] are compared regarding their activities in the polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene (BD) and the various features of the poly(butadiene)s obtained. For these three systems, the impact of the molar ratios nCl/nNd and nDIBAH/nNd on catalyst activity and polymer properties (M¯n, PDI and microstructure) has been studied. The highest polymerization activity is found for the catalyst system NdV/DIBAH/EASC at nCl/nNdV=2 and nDIBAH/nNdV=30. The NdP based system is characterized by remarkably high activity, especially at low ratios of nDIBAH/nNdP (e.g. nDIBAH/nNdP=5). The NdA containing catalyst systems are less active compared to NdV and NdP systems. In all three catalyst systems, the cis‐1,4‐content decreases with increasing ratios of nDIBAH/nNd. The highest cis‐1,4 content (97.6%) is found for the NdP‐containing system at nDIBAH/nNdP=5 and nCl/nNdP=2.