gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the optoelectronic properties of titanium-doped indium tin oxide thin films (2017)

The focus of this study is on a sol–gel method combined with spin-coating to prepare high-quality transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of sol–gel-derived pure and Ti-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were studied as a function of the concentration of the Ti (i.e. 0 at%, 2 at% and 4 at%) and annealing temperatures (150 °C–600 °C). FESEM measurements indicate that all the films are ∼350 nm thick. XRD analysis confirmed the cubic bixbyite structure of the polycrystalline indium oxide phase for all of the thin films. Increasing the Ti ratio, as well as the annealing temperature, improved the crystallinity of the films. Highly crystalline structures were obtained at 500 °C, with average grain sizes of about 50, 65 and 80 nm for Ti doping of 0 at%, 2 at% and 4 at%, respectively. The electrical and optical properties improved as the annealing temperature increased, with an enlarged electronic energy band gap and an optical absorption edge below 280 nm. In particular, the optical transmittance and electrical resistivity of the samples with a 4 at% Ti content improved from 87% and 7.10 × 10−4 Ω.cm to 92% and 1.6 × 10−4 Ω.cm, respectively. The conductivity, especially for the annealing temperature at 150 °C, is acceptable for many applications such as flexible electronics. These results demonstrate that unlike the more expensive and complex vacuum sputtering process, high-quality Ti-doped ITO films can be achieved by fast processing, simple wet-chemistry, and easy doping level control with the possibility of producing films with high scalability.
Prologue (2018)

John and Mary were in their mid-thirties and had been married for four years when they came for help. The presenting problem was their concern over the lack of sex in their relationship and their constant rows. After they married, Mary put on more weight, and John found her less attractive sexually—mostly because he felt this displayed a lack of the self-discipline he had so much admired. However, the marriage deteriorated as John increased his demands that Mary be self-sufficient in their relationship. Sex came to an end between them. The issue of control also affected their sexual relationship. Sex had been wonderful when they first met. Both had felt free to enjoy themselves. There were also fears surrounding sex itself. Thus, Mary's sex education experience was very restricted; messages were implicit and surrounded by folklore. The only woman in his life was his mother, who gave John the impression that sex was a bad and dirty thing.
An image retrieval system with automatic query modification (2002)

Most interactive "query-by-example" based image retrieval systems utilize relevance feedback from the user for bridging the gap between the user's implied concept and the low-level image representation in the database. However, traditional relevance feedback usage in the context of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) may not be very efficient due to a significant overhead in database search and image download time in client-server environments. In this paper, we propose a CBIR system that efficiently addresses the inherent subjectivity in user perception during a retrieval session by employing a novel idea of intra-query modification and learning. The proposed system generates an object-level view of the query image using a new color segmentation technique. Color, shape and spatial features of individual segments are used for image representation and retrieval. The proposed system automatically generates a set of modifications by manipulating the features of the query segment(s). An initial estimate of user perception is learned from the user feedback provided on the set of modified images. This largely improves the precision in the first database search itself and alleviates the overheads of database search and image download. Precision-to-recall ratio is improved in further iterations through a new relevance feedback technique that utilizes both positive as well as negative examples. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the proposed system.
Longitudinal Light Profile Microscopy: A New Method for Seeing below the Surfaces of Thin-Film Materials (1999)

Longitudinal light profile microscopy (LLPM) is introduced in this work as a new optical method for depth profiling the properties of thin-film materials. The method uses irradiation of an optically polished cross section of a prepared thin film sample, by a laser beam propagating along the depth (longitudinal) axis of the material. An observation microscope, aligned along an orthogonal axis to the sample cross section, transfers an image of the light profile propagating along the material's longitudinal (depth) axis to a recording camera. While depth attenuation of the optical beam in the sample is dominated by light absorption, and turbid scatter (which our analysis neglects), light profile images recovered by the microscope use contrast mechanisms based on luminescence and elastic or inelastic light scatter. Blur contributions to the images arising from axial thickness of the light profile “object” are shown to be minimal in our microscope. Our experimental setup, moreover, is constructed from relatively inexpensive, easily available components. A number of different image contrast mechanisms, including luminescence and elastic scattering contrast, were demonstrated on materials with known optical properties, including continuous media and laminates. The sample dimensions and depth-dependent image features were directly observable and unambiguous to identify. Images recovered on the basis of elastic scattering showed unusual contrast for optical interfaces in materials which were transparent at the analysis wavelength. The method holds promise for providing a plethora of new depth-resolved imaging mechanisms.
Adaptable Gas Turbine Blade Concept Study (2015)

Articulating the pitch angle of a turbine blade can improve performance by maintaining optimum design incidence and thus reduce the probability of flow separation and thermal stresses developed due to aerothermal loads for variable speed gas turbine engine applications. Potential benefits to Army Aviation are highly efficient (aerodynamically) turbine blades, possible reduction of the need for active blade cooling and thermal barrier coatings, increased fuel efficiency, power density, and the ability to fly faster and longer. The goal of this effort is to assess the benefit and feasibility of an adaptable variable pitch turbine blade for maintaining attached flow and optimal thermal design for a gas turbine engine. A technology concept study has been conducted to enable a viable adaptable turbine rotor blade that can enhance the performance and efficiency of future aircraft gas turbine engines. A typical aircraft t turbine blade is used for this technology concept study. An adaptable turbine rotor blade, if made feasible, can lead to a leap ahead technology innovation in improving part-load efficiency of gas turbine engines.
A method for genetic transformation of nonprotoplasted Streptococcus lactis (1987)

Plasmid transformation of whole cells of Streptococcus lactis LM0230 was demonstrated. The procedure required polyethylene glycol and incubation in hypertonic media, but did not require enzymatic cell wall digestion. Conditions were optimized, yielding 5 X 10(5) transformants per micrograms of pSA3 DNA. Variables tested for effect on transformation efficiency included molecular weight, concentration, and pH of polyethylene glycol; cell density; plating media; DNA concentration; heat shock; and incubation of cells in hypertonic buffer. DNAs transformed included pSA3, pVA856, pTV1, and c2 phi. Transformation from DNA-DNA ligation mixes, with DNA not purified through density gradients, and with previously frozen cells was also achieved. The method described here for transformation of nonprotoplasted cells of LM0230 is unique, and to date has not been applied successfully to other lactic acid bacteria.
b-Involved - Electronic Extended Public Participation (2010)

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are increasingly becoming more pervasive of peoples' lives, both for individual and collective usage. Factors like globalisation and individualisation cause more distance of citizens to the state and its institutions. Hence, it becomes tempting to develop electronic tools that can constitute alternatives to enhance citizenship, in particular tools that can be used in the context of societal debates of public policies. \n\nb-involved (http://b-involved.jrc.it/) is an Internet platform that enables a small group of people to have a focused discussion about a pre-defined issue. As in many social research group settings, such as focus groups, each group has at least one Moderator and several Participants who meet in a virtual room that offers the means for an on-line informed debate. This tool was developed with the aim of enhancing e-participation processes, hence providing the means for active involvement of society in public policy making. \n\nIn this paper we suggest how the b-involved platform could be used in participatory venues, using limited applications in research settings, as well as challenges for its effective deployment in policy initiatives.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring System With an Alarm (2006)

Based on strong evidence that hyperglycemia is harmful to the fetus, guidelines recommend strict diabetes regulation during pregnancy, but the rate of severe hypoglycemia is four times the rate before pregnancy (1). A newly developed tool of continuous glucose monitoring with display and alarm might be helpful in reducing the risk of recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycemia during pregnancy.

A 32-year-old woman with a history of diabetes for 21 years experienced 18 episodes of severe hypoglycemia the year preceding pregnancy, despite treatment with an insulin pump, frequent home blood …
Encapsulation and Controlled Release (1993)

Industrial Microencapsulation: Polymers for Microcapsule Walls Design Of Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems for Controlled Release of Antitumour Drugs The Use of Gelatin and Alginate for the Immobilization of Bioactive Agents Microcapsules for Multiple Emulsions Biodegradable Microspheres for Controlled Drug Delivery Nanoparticles - Colloidal Delivery Systems for Drugs and Vaccines Liposomes and Polysialic Acids as Drug Delivery Systems Encapsulation in Softgels for Pharmaceutical Advantage Small Packages that Deliver Big Ideas: An Inside Look into Microcapsule Technology On-line Monitoring and Control of the (Co-)Polymer Encapsulation of TiO2 in Aqueous Emulsion Systems Why Infusion and Not Microcapsules or Other Controlled Release Methods? Polymeric Formulations of Pest Control Agents The Temperature Controlled Uptake and Release of Molecules and Ions using a Polymeric Microgel Encapsulation Controlled Release of Flavours and Fragrances Encapsulation of Industrial Enzymes.
A poly-framed LDD sub-half-micrometer CMOS technology (1990)

A novel LDD spacer technology that uses disposable silicon nitride spacers on a sacrificial polysilicon frame has been developed for a sub-half-micrometer CMOS technology. An improvement in short-channel behavior is achieved due to a reduction in lateral LDD n/sup -/ and p/sup -/ diffusion, and the effect of substrate bias on the drain junction leakage caused by sidewall spacer formation is eliminated. The DC hot-carrier lifetime for the 0.3- mu m-channel-length poly-framed LDD NMOS devices, defined as the time associated with a 10% shift in peak transconductance, is in excess of 10 years for a power supply voltage of 3.3 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Internet banking payment protocol with fraud prevention (2007)

In this paper, we propose a secure Internet banking payment protocol (IBPP), which is suitable for Internet banking payments and facilitates fraud prevention mechanism. The proposed protocol employs a dynamic key generation technique that relies on advanced authentication technologies such as biometrics and smart cards to prevent a fraud. The proposed protocol also satisfies transaction security properties provided by other payment protocols such as SET and iKP. The formal analysis illustrates that our protocol achieves the goals of Internet payment protocols. Moreover, the involved parties’ information is not required to be sent during transactions which results in a security enhancement of the system.
Probing the Kondo lattice model with alkaline-earth-metal atoms (2010)

We study transport properties of alkaline-earth-metal atoms governed by the Kondo lattice Hamiltonian plus a harmonic confining potential, and suggest simple dynamical probes of several different regimes of the phase diagram that can be implemented with current experimental techniques. In particular, we show how Kondo physics at strong coupling, at low density, and in the heavy fermion phase is manifest in the dipole oscillations of the conduction band upon displacement of the trap center.
The Dual Gap (2006)

This chapter is the bridging link between fulfilled and unfulfilled research in the field of innovation strategy formulation in innovation driven companies. Thus, the aim of this chapter is briefly to describe the dual gap based on the gaps identified during the study of theory and practical reality, to summarize the requirements of the solution concept and to present working hypotheses.
Carbon nanotubes decorated with terpyridine‐ruthenium complexes (2009)

Abstract Surface functionalization of CNTs (SWCNTs or MWCNTs) with dendronized alkoxy terpyridine‐Ru(II)‐terpyridine complexes has been accomplished using either the “grafting to” or the “grafting from” approaches. Different sets of easily processable hybrid metallo‐CNTs composites have been efficiently synthesized bearing either monomeric or polymeric side chain tpy‐Ru(II)‐tpy dicomplexes. Their characterization through TGA, UV‐Vis, and Raman techniques revealed various modification degrees depending on the methodology employed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2551–2559, 2009
A scheme for throughput maximization in a dual-class CDMA system (1998)

This work focuses on the problem of efficient exploitation of the available bandwidth in order to provide high bit rates on the wireless link, as will be required in future wireless systems interfacing to broadband fixed networks. In particular, the uplink of a CDMA system with two user classes is considered. One of the classes consists of delay-intolerant users requiring support for a constant information bit rate, while the other consists of delay-tolerant users needing support for an information bit rate larger than a given value. It is assumed that when not transmitting information, synchronization contact is maintained with the base station at a given rate. The objective is to maximize the throughput of the delay tolerant users, while ensuring that the interference to other cells is as low as possible by minimizing the sum of all of the transmit powers used by the mobiles. Two transmission modes for the delay-tolerant users are considered. In the first mode, all of the users are allowed to transmit information when they wish. In the second mode, the transmissions of the delay-tolerant users are scheduled, so that only a limited number of them are transmitting information at any given time instant. It is shown that the second transmission mode, which is a time-scheduled scheme for the delay-tolerant users (with hybrid CDMA/TDMA as a special case), affords a better throughput while imposing the same average power requirements as conventional transmission. The results in this paper can be interpreted using results from previous work based on information theory.
Formation of vitamins by pure cultures of tempe moulds and bacteria during the tempe solid substrate fermentation (1993)

The formation of water soluble vitamins (vitamin B12, vitamin B6, riboflavin, thiamine, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) during the tempe solid substrate fermentation was investigated. The role of several strains of Rhizopus oligosporus, R. arrhizus, and R. stolonifer and the role of several bacteria in the vitamin formation process were checked. All fungal and bacterial strains were isolated from Indonesian tempe and soaking water samples. The Rhizopus strains formed riboflavin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and vitamin B6. The final concentrations of these substances depended on the different strains involved and on the fermentation time. Isolates of R. oligosporus were generally the best vitamin formers. The moulds did not produce physiologically active vitamin B12. The thiamine content decreased during fermentation. The addition of bacteria, which had been selected in a screening for vitamin B12 production, resulted in an increase of physiologically active vitamin B12. Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the best formation capabilities. Furthermore, the bacteria produced riboflavin and vitamin B6 in addition to the moulds. The influence of Rhizopus on the vitamin B12 formation of Cit. freundii was also investigated. The vitamin content of tempe that was fermented with the mould and the bacterium was three times as high as a control fermentation with Cit. freundii only.
Clutter-sensitive data association for simultaneous localization and mapping in robotic wireless sensor networks (2010)

Joint Probabilistic Data Association (JPDA) technique can be applied for locating and tracking the radiated sources in dynamic and ad hoc wireless sensor networks. Vice versa, the located sensor nodes in the network can help mapping the indoor environment connected by their RF communication links. However, the sensed information may be corrupted by the clutter (ambient noise and RF interference) that cause error in data association, and results in catastrophic effect on simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). We propose a spatial-temporal algorithm using three-scan JPDA to set up the correlation between the observation and its originating radiated source, along with a statistic motion detector that detects the existence of moving clutter in validation gates. This method can be applied for real-time SLAM applications with less complexity comparing with other high-cost optimal Bayesian filter. Simulation is performed to verify the effectiveness of method.
Effect of Electron Donor to Sulfate Ratio on Mercury Methylation in Floodplain Sediments under Saturated Flow Conditions (2015)

A column transport experiment was conducted to examine the release and methylation of Hg using Hg contaminated sediment from the floodplain of the South River near Waynesboro, Virginia. Three input solutions were sequentially introduced into the column. Input 1 was unamended South River water, Input 2 was river water amended with 100 mg L−1 SO4 and 3600 mg L−1 lactate, and Input 3 was river water amended with 500 mg L−1 SO4 and 340 mg L−1 lactate. During the first stage of the experiment (Input 1) the effluent Hg concentration was initially 4 µg L−1 and peaked at 21 µg L−1 and after 21 pore volumes stabilized at 13 µg L−1. During the second stage, at high lactate to SO4 ratios, elevated concentrations of acetic and propionic acids were detected, indicating that fermentative bacteria were dominant. During the third stage, at high SO4 to lactate ratios, a decrease in SO4 and an increase in H2S concentrations were detected in the column effluent indicating that SO4 reduction was occurring. Concentrations of methyl Hg (MeHg) in the effluent were variable over the duration of the experiment. During the first phase, concentrations of MeHg remained <3.3 ng L−1. During the fermentative stage, concentrations of MeHg increased to a maximum value of 32 ng L−1, and during the sulfate-reducing stage to a maximum value of 266 ng L−1. When the column was deconstructed both molecular and cultural techniques indicated that sulfate reducing bacteria were most dominant near the influent port. These results indicate that the formation of MeHg in the sediment is not limited by the availability of Hg and that the bacterial community that contributes to mercury methylation can respond quickly to changes in the abundances of electron donors and acceptors.
Recessed Slant Gate AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors with 20.9 W/mm at 10 GHz (2007)

A recessed slant gate processing has been used in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to mitigate the electric field, minimize the dispersion and increase the breakdown voltage. More than one order of magnitude of decrease in gate leakage has been observed by recessing the slant gate. For a 0.65 µm gate-length device, an extrinsic fT of 18 GHz and extrinsic fMAX of 52 GHz at a drain bias of 25 V were achieved. At 10 GHz, a state-of-the-art power density of 20.9 W/mm, with a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 40% at a drain bias of 83 V, was demonstrated.
Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine Independently Predicts Total and Cardiovascular Mortality in Individuals with Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease (The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study) (2006)

ADMA concentration predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with CAD independently of established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors.
Visualizing Similarity Data with a Mixture of Maps (2007)

We show how to visualize a set of pairwise similarities between objects by using several different two-dimensional maps, each of which captures different aspects of the similarity structure. When the objects are ambiguous words, for example, different senses of a word occur in different maps, so “river ” and “loan ” can both be close to “bank ” without being at all close to each other. Aspect maps resemble clustering because they model pair-wise similarities as a mixture of different types of similarity, but they also resemble local multi-dimensional scaling because they model each type of similarity by a twodimensional map. We demonstrate our method on a toy example, a database of human wordassociation data, a large set of images of handwritten digits, and a set of feature vectors that represent words. 1
Personal servers as digital keys (2004)

Personal servers are an attractive concept: people carry around a device that takes care of computing, storage and communication on their behalf in a pervasive computing environment. So far personal servers have mainly been considered for accessing personal information. In this paper, we consider personal servers in the context of a digital key system. Digital keys are an interesting alternative to physical keys for mail or good delivery companies whose employees access tens of private buildings every day. We present a digital key system tailored for the current incarnation of personal servers, i.e., a Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone. We describe how to use Bluetooth for this application, we present a simple authentication protocol and we provide a detailed analysis of response time and energy consumption on the mobile phone.
DLC‐1:a Rho GTPase‐activating protein and tumour suppressor (2007)

The deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC-1) gene encodes a GTPase activating protein that acts as a negative regulator of the Rho family of small GTPases. Rho proteins transduce signals that influence cell morphology and physiology, and their aberrant up-regulation is a key factor in the neoplastic process, including metastasis. Since its discovery, compelling evidence has accumulated that demonstrates a role for DLC-1 as a bona fide tumour suppressor gene in different types of human cancer. Loss of DLC-1 expression mediated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms has been associated with the development of many human cancers, and restoration of DLC-1 expression inhibited the growth of tumour cells in vivo and in vitro. Two closely related genes, DLC-2 and DLC-3, may also be tumour suppressors. This review presents the current status of progress in understanding the biological functions of DLC-1 and its relatives and their roles in neoplasia.