gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defect Studies in a Two-dimensional Periodic Photonic Lattice (1994)

Abstract Structures arranged so as to exhibit a complete photonic bandgap (PBG) have been proposed for a variety of technological applications. McCall et al. have reported an experimental and numerical investigation of microwave propagation in a two-dimensional array consisting of low-loss high-dielectric-constant cylinders. This system was shown to have a complete PBG, as well as a defect mode. Here we present an experimental investigation of the properties of a variety of defect modes, created by altering a region in the otherwise periodic lattice of dielectric cylinders. These alterations include removing one or more cylinders from the lattice in a variety of spatial separations and orientations, and also a procedure whereby the defect mode frequency may be tuned by slightly perturbing those cylinders closest to the defect region. The implication of these results for supercell numerical simulations and potential technical applications are discussed.
A Distributed Self-Stabilizing Algorithm for Finding a Connected Dominating Set in a Graph (2005)

A connected dominating set of a graph G is a set of nodes of G such that every node in G is either in the set or is adjacent to some node in the set, and the graph induced by the elements of the set is connected. Connected dominating sets have major applications in routing in wireless ad-hoc networks. In this paper, we present a distributed self-stabilizing algorithm for finding a connected dominating set of a graph. Starting from an arbitrary initial state, the algorithm finds a connected dominating set in O(N^2) time, where N is the number of nodes. We also show detailed simulation results to indicate that in practice, the algorithm finds small-sized connected dominating sets in a short time.
Suppression of Chemically and Immunologically Induced Hepatic Injuries by Gentiopicroside in Mice (1994)

Gentiopicroside (GPS), a main bitter secoiridoid constituent of roots of Gentiana macrophylla Pall., was tested for therapeutic effects on the two hepatic injury models, the CCl4-induced and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced hepatitides. An increase in serum level of hepatic aminotransferases (GOT: EC 2.6.1.1. and GPT: EC 2.6.1.2.) induced by a p.o. treatment of CCl4 was suppressed by pretreatment with GPS at 30-60 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days. An increase of these enzymes triggered by an i.v. treatment with LPS in mice primed with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was also inhibited by GPS pretreatment at the same dose of GPS. In the BCG/LPS model, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a major inflammatory mediator, was increased in serum with a peak at 90-120 min, followed by an increase of serum transaminase activities. GPS treatment significantly suppressed the increase of TNF in serum at the therapeutic doses, suggesting that GPS protected against hepatitis by inhibiting the production of TNF.
The utilization of humanized mouse models for the study of human retroviral infections (2009)

The development of novel techniques and systems to study human infectious diseases in both an in vitro and in vivo settings is always in high demand. Ideally, small animal models are the most efficient method of studying human afflictions. This is especially evident in the study of the human retroviruses, HIV-1 and HTLV-1, in that current simian animal models, though robust, are often expensive and difficult to maintain. Over the past two decades, the construction of humanized animal models through the transplantation and engraftment of human tissues or progenitor cells into immunocompromised mouse strains has allowed for the development of a reconstituted human tissue scaffold in a small animal system. The utilization of small animal models for retroviral studies required expansion of the early CB-17 scid/scid mouse resulting in animals demonstrating improved engraftment efficiency and infectivity. The implantation of uneducated human immune cells and associated tissue provided the basis for the SCID-hu Thy/Liv and hu-PBL-SCID models. Engraftment efficiency of these tissues was further improved through the integration of the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mutation leading to the creation of NODSCID, NOD/Shi-scid IL2rgamma-/-, and NOD/SCID beta2-microglobulinnull animals. Further efforts at minimizing the response of the innate murine immune system produced the Rag2-/-gammac-/- model which marked an important advancement in the use of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. Together, these animal models have revolutionized the investigation of retroviral infections in vivo.
An Integral Solution for the Laminar Radial Outflow of a Viscous Fluid Between Parallel Stationary Disks (1970)

Technical Briefs An Integral Solution for the Laminar Radial Outflow of a Viscous Fluid Between Parallel Stationary Disks B. E. Boyack, B. E. Boyack Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Warren Rice Warren Rice Mechanical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information B. E. Boyack Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz. Warren Rice Mechanical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz. J. Basic Eng. Sep 1970, 92(3): 662-663 (2 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3425097 Published Online: September 1, 1970 Article history Received: June 3, 1970 Online: October 27, 2010
Hermeneutic and Ethical Encounters: Gadamer and Levinas (2000)

The encounter with the Other entails both hermeneutic and ethical responses: my understanding of self and world may be brought into question by a radically alien presence and my values starkly revealed by my reaction to it. This chapter examines some of the theoretical issues associated with this encounter through discussion of the work of Gadamer and Levinas. Levinassian ethics and Gadamerian hermeneutics are both preoccupied with the same fundamental problem, namely the possibility and significance of the encounter with alterity. Levinas’s work is characterized by the endeavour to preserve the Other as Other, to avoid its reduction to the familiar and the already known. In the terms which have dominated postwar French thought, the Other eludes totalization and brings into question the primacy of the Same in all its avatars: the Self, the transcendental Ego, Being, essence or Dasein. For Levinas, respect and responsibility for the Other become the ethical principles at the source of nonviolent human relations and a just social organization. Gadamer’s thought, though less explicitly concerned with ethics, revolves around a similar respect for the Other. For Gadamer, the task of hermeneutics is to describe and justify the occurrence of a non-appropriative understanding of alterity, as it may be encountered through a literary text, history, other people or nature.
A STRATEGY FOR ESTIMATING TREE CANOPY DENSITY USING LANDSAT 7 ETM+ AND HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGES OVER LARGE AREAS (2001)

Forest cover is of great interest to a variety of scientific and land management applications, many of which require not only information on forest categories, but also tree canopy density. In previous studies, large area tree canopy density had been estimated at spatial resolutions of 1km or coarser using coarse resolution satellite images. In this study, a strategy is developed for estimating tree canopy density at a spatial resolution of 30 m. This strategy is based on empirical relationships between tree canopy density and Landsat data, established using linear regression and regression tree techniques. One-meter digital orthophoto quadrangles were used to derive reference tree canopy density data needed for calibrating the relationships between canopy density and Landsat spectral data. This strategy was tested over three areas of the United States. In general, models derived using both linear regression and regression tree techniques were statistically significant. The regression tree was found more robust than linear regression, primary due to its capability of approximating complex non-linear relationships using a set of linear equations. This strategy will be recommended for use in developing a nation wide tree canopy density data set at a 30 m resolution as part of the Multi-Resolution Land
β-Cell Deficit Due to Increased Apoptosis in the Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Transgenic (HIP) Rat Recapitulates the Metabolic Defects Present in Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by defects in insulin secretion and action and is preceded by impaired fasting glucose (IFG). The islet anatomy in IFG and type 2 diabetes reveals an approximately 50 and 65% deficit in beta-cell mass, with increased beta-cell apoptosis and islet amyloid derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Defects in insulin action include both hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance. The relationship between changes in beta-cell mass, beta-cell function, and insulin action leading to type 2 diabetes are unresolved, in part because it is not possible to measure beta-cell mass in vivo, and most available animal models do not recapitulate the islet pathology in type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the HIP rat, a human IAPP transgenic rat model that develops islet pathology comparable to humans with type 2 diabetes, at age 2 months (nondiabetic), 5 months (with IFG), and 10 months (with diabetes) to prospectively examine the relationship between changes in islet morphology versus insulin secretion and action. We report that increased beta-cell apoptosis and impaired first-phase insulin secretion precede the development of IFG, which coincides with an approximately 50% defect in beta-cell mass and onset of hepatic insulin resistance. Diabetes was characterized by approximately 70% deficit in beta-cell mass, progressive hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance, and hyperglucagonemia. We conclude that IAPP-induced beta-cell apoptosis causes defects in insulin secretion and beta-cell mass that lead first to hepatic insulin resistance and IFG and then to extrahepatic insulin resistance, hyperglucagonemia, and diabetes. We conclude that a specific beta-cell defect can recapitulate the metabolic phenotype of type 2 diabetes and note that insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes may at least in part be secondary to beta-cell failure.
Regulation of <i>toxA</i> and <i>regA</i> by the <i>Escherichia coli fur</i> gene and identification of a Fur homologue in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PA103 and PA01 (1991)

A multicopy plasmid containing the Escherichia coli fur gene was introduced into Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA103C. This strain contains a toxA-lacZ fusion integrated into its chromosome at the toxA locus. Beta-galactosidase synthesis in this strain is regulated by iron, as is seen for exotoxin A production. Beta-galactosidase synthesis and exotoxin A production in PA103C containing multiple copies of E. coli fur was still repressed in low iron conditions. The transcription of regA, a positive regulator of toxA, was also found to be inhibited by multiple copies of the E. coli fur gene. In addition, the ability of PA103C containing multiple copies of E. coli fur to produce protease was greatly reduced relative to PA103C containing a vector control. A polyclonal rabbit serum containing antibodies that recognize E. coli Fur was used to screen whole-cell extracts from Vibrio cholerae, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All strains tested expressed a protein that was specifically recognized by the anti-Fur serum. These results and those described above suggest that Fur structure and function are conserved in a variety of distinct bacterial genera and that at least some of these different genera use this regulatory protein to control genes encoding virulence factors.
CoStore: a serverless distributed file system utilizing disk space on workstation clusters (2003)

CoStore is a serverless distributed file system designed to provide cost-effective storage service utilizing idle disk space on workstation clusters. With all the system responsibilities evenly distributed across a group of collaborating workstations, the proposed architecture provides improved performance, reliability, and scalability. We have collected workstation uptime data from production systems. The assessment based on RAID reliability theory confirmed the feasibility of deploying CoStore on an existing desktop computing infrastructure. We have implemented a CoStore prototype and measured its performance. Preliminary results indicate that CoStore performance is comparable to that of commonly used distributed file systems, such as NFS, Samba, and Windows 2000 Server.
Studies on macrocyclic lactone antibiotics. VII Structure of a phytotoxin "rhizoxin" produced by Rhizopus chinensis. (1984)

A new 16-membered macrolide designated as rhizoxin was isolated as a toxin produced by Rhizopus chinensis, the causal agent of rice seedling blight . The skeletal structure was determined by detailed NMR spectroscopic investigation of this compound and of its derivatives. Rhizoxin induced at a concentration of 10 ng/ml abnormal swelling of rice seedling roots, which is one of the characteristic symptoms of this disease. This compound also exhibited potent antifungal activity but little effect against bacteria.
Planarized Deep‐Trench Process for Self‐Aligned Double Polysilicon Bipolar Device Isolation (1990)

A planarized device isolution process (PLANTI) has been developed and optimized by using a deep‐trench isolation technology combined with a local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) process for self‐aligned double polysilicon bipolar integrated circuit fabrication. To obtain a desirable trench etch profile and a uniform polysilicon etchback process, reactive ion etch processes have been optimized in terms of gas ratio, pressure, and power density. As a result of deep‐trench isolation, the collector‐to‐substrate capacitance was minimized at 9.0 fF for a bipolar transistor with a total area of , while maintaining a transistor‐to‐transistor isolation voltage at 25V. A bipolar cut‐off frequency of 15.5 GHz and an ECL‐gate delay time of 66 ps were achieved. As proof‐of‐technology, four digital/analog circuits have been successfully fabricated. An amplifier with a bandwidth of 2.6 GHz and a gain of 20 dB, a frequency divider and a 8‐bit shift register with clock frequencies of 5.2 GHz and 2 GHz, respectively, and a dual 4‐bit analog‐to‐digital (A/D) converter with a sampling rate of 2.0 Gs/s were successfully demonstrated. A yield of 85% was achieved for the converter circuit. Furthermore, the PLANTI process was also successfully applied to an advanced BiCMOS process.
Mutational spectrometry without phenotypic selection: human mitochondrial DNA (1997)

By first separating mutant from nonmutant DNA sequences on the basis of their melting temperatures and then increasing the number of copies by high-fidelity DNA amplification, we have developed a method that allows observation of point mutations in biological samples at fractions at or above 10-6. Using this method, we have observed the hotspot point mutations that lie in 100 base pairs of the mitochondrial genome in samples of cultured cells and human tissues. To date, 19 mutants have been isolated, their fractions ranging from 4x10-4 down to the limit of detection. We performed specific tests to determine if the observed signals were artefacts arising from contamination, polymerase errors during PCR or DNA adducts created during the procedure. We also tested the possibilities that DNA replication mismatch intermediates, or endogenous DNA adducts that were originally present in the cells, were included with true mutants in our separation steps and converted to mutants during PCR. We show that while most of the mutants behave as double-stranded point mutants in the cells, some appear to arise at least in part from mismatch intermediates or cellular DNA adducts. This technology is therefore sufficient for the observation of the spectrum of point mutations in human mitochondrial DNA and is a tool for discovering the primary causes of these mutations.
Cyanide Anion as a Leaving Group in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Synthesis of Quaternary Centers at Azine Heterocycles (2012)

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2- or 4-cyanoazines with the anions derived from aliphatic α,α-disubstituted esters and nitriles leads to displacement of the cyanide function. Enabling cyanides to be used as highly active leaving groups in S(N)Ar reactions provides additional flexibility in starting materials for synthesis. We show that, in many cases, the cyanide leaving group is displaced preferentially in the presence of halogens. The resulting heteroaryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides subsequently can be used as handles for further chemical diversification.
Field Bus for Data Exchange and Control of Modular Power Electronic Systems with High Synchronisation Accuracy (2018)

In this paper, a new field bus protocol based on the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard is proposed. It enables fast data exchange between and synchronised control in the modules of modular power electronic systems. With increasing switching frequency, a highly accurate synchronisation of the different modules is a necessary requirement for a control bus. The proposed field bus protocol provides a stable and efficient scheme including a novel data frame structure and allows a synchronisation accuracy of ±4 ns on the 1 GBit Ethernet standard.For validation of the new protocol a prototype system has been built and measurement results are provided. Eventually, the implementation has been found to meet the specification during testing.
Inactivation of the <i>srtA</i> gene in <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> inhibits anchoring of surface proteins and affects virulence (2002)

During infection of their hosts, Gram-positive bacteria express surface proteins that serve multiple biological functions. Surface proteins harbouring a C-terminal sorting signal with an LPXTG motif are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan by a transamidase named sortase. Two genes encoding putative sortases, termed srtA and srtB, were identified in the genome of the intracellular pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Inactivation of srtA abolishes anchoring of the invasion protein InlA to the bacterial surface. It also prevents the proper sorting of several other peptidoglycan-associated LPXTG proteins. Three were identified by a mass spectrometry approach. The DeltasrtA mutant strain is defective in entering epithelial cells, similar to a DeltainlA mutant. In contrast to a DeltainlA mutant, the DeltasrtA mutant is impaired for colonization of the liver and spleen after oral inoculation in mice. Thus, L. monocytogenes srtA is required for the cell wall anchoring of InlA and, presumably, for the anchoring of other LPXTG-containing proteins that are involved in listerial infections.
Monoclonal Antibody Mapping of the Antigenic Surface of Human Thyrotropin and Its Subunits (1987)

Although the amino acid sequence of the alpha- and beta-subunits of glycoprotein hormones in various species has been deciphered, data on their tertiary structure are not abundant. This impedes correlation between structure and function. The availability of monoclonal antibodies to human TSH (hTSH) offers the opportunity to enumerate the antigenic determinants present on the surface of hTSH and its subunits and to examine their spatial relationships. Twenty-eight monoclonal antibodies to hTSH were obtained from several fusions, and screens carried out separately in the laboratories involved in this study. Affinities for hTSH ranged from 10(8)-10(11) M-1. Cross-reactivity with bovine TSH (bTSH), human gonadotropins (hLH, hFSH, and hCG), and the alpha- and beta-subunits of hTSH distinguished 10 groups of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) according to their main cross-reactions: 1) hTSH alpha, hLH, hFSH, and hCG; 2) hTSH alpha, bTSH, hLH, hFSH, and hCG; 3) hFSH; 4) bTSH and hFSH; 5) bTSH, hLH, and hFSH; 6) bTSH, hLH, hFSH, and hCG; 7) hTSH beta; 8) hTSH beta and bTSH; 9) hTSH beta and hFSH; and 10) hTSH beta, hLH, hFSH, and hCG. mAb were incorporated into 2-site binding assays to probe hTSH by a 28 X 28 matrix, the free alpha-subunit by a 4 X 4 matrix, and the free beta-subunit by a 18 X 18 matrix. Regarding intact hTSH, 12 different clusters of mAb were distinguished and interpreted as reflecting 12 distinct antigenic regions on the surface of the hTSH molecule. Two of them were localized on the alpha-subunit, and 6 on the beta-subunit; 4 were only expressed by the holo-hormone and, thus were designated conformational antigenic regions (alpha beta). Surface mapping of the free alpha- and beta-subunits was virtually identical to that observed with the holo-hormone. Modification of the operative conditions of mAb reacting only with holo-hTSH shows that they recognize the alpha-subunit, but not the beta-subunit of hTSH. These results indicate that 1) hTSH beta presents epitopes that are evolutionary conserved; 2) hTSH alpha presents several epitopes that are species specific and 2 that are not hormone specific; 3) dissociation of hTSH does not modify the antigenic surface expressed by both subunits when they are associated; and 4) some of the conformational determinants expressed only by holo-hTSH are more likely derived from the alpha-subunit than from the beta-subunit.
Design Guidelines and Manufacturing Methods for Microreaction Devices (2002)

Microreaction technology is a powerful tool for the evaluation of new reaction pathways, process intensification in chemical engineering and combinatorial material development. Because of the small characteristic dimensions of microreaction devices, mass and heat transfer processes are enhanced and, in addition, initial and boundary conditions can be precisely adjusted for optimizing yield and selectivity. A number of microfabrication methods exist to cover prototyping and manufacturing of a few items as well as cost-effective mass production of modular and integrated microdevices for unit operations, reactions and control. Detailed analyses of methods like LIGA technology, wet and dry micro-etching, mechanical micromachining and laser processing show that a wide variety of materials is applicable to meet most requirements of chemical processes.
Phase analysis of diffracted beams using multiplexed Fourier transform lenses (1995)

The output from diffraction gratings is formed using a Fourier transform lens. Because optical detectors are sensitive to intensity, information about the phase of the diffracted beams is lost. The relative phase shift between different diffracted orders can be measured using a multiplexed lens consisting of two offset lenses This lens forms two separate copies of the diffraction pattern. If a diffracted order from one copy overlaps a different order from the second copy, the resulting interference allows analysis of the relative phase between the different diffracted orders. Experimental results are presented using multiplexed lenses written onto a magneto-optic spatial light modulator.
Infusion of donor-derived hematopoietic stem cells in organ transplantation: clinical data (2003)

Many strategies for tolerance induction have been developed, because this is the major goal of clinical transplantation. One of the most effective and best-studied approaches has been based on the injection of hematopoietic cells derived from the donor bone marrow, to establish a state of microchimerism in the recipient. A subset of hematopoietic stem cells might be responsible for the tolerogenic properties. These CD34+ bone marrow stem cells can be isolated and safely injected into kidney transplant recipients. In the authors’ clinical trial, no adverse effects were observed, and the infusion of donor CD34+ cells was well tolerated.