gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Link Level Performance Assessment of Reliability-Based HARQ Schemes in LTE (2014)

This paper discusses two approaches of reliability-based HARQ, adapting the packet size of a retransmission in a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. We focus on the adaptation of the retransmission size in terms of physical resources by using information 1) of the channel, namely the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or 2) reliability information from the decoder output, taking the overall transmission into account. Both approaches will be compared to the HARQ system used in LTE in terms of throughput performance. Link level simulations will be performed with single bit feedback and 2 bit multilevel ACK/NAK. This work takes realistic impairments such as channel estimation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation and implementation of a Turbo en- and decoder into regard.
Safety Concept for Autonomous Vehicles (2016)

The development of autonomous vehicles currently focuses on the functionality of vehicle guidance systems.
Site-specific incorporation of N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (dG-AAF) into oligonucleotides using modified 'ultra-mild' DNA synthesis (2005)

Aromatic amino and nitro compounds are potent carcinogens found in the environment that exert their toxic effects by reacting with DNA following metabolic activation. One important adduct is N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (dG-AAF), which has been extensively used in studies of the mechanisms of DNA repair and mutagenesis. Despite the importance of dG-AAF adducts in DNA, an efficient method for its incorporation into DNA using solid-phase synthesis is still missing. We report the development of a modified 'ultra-mild' DNA synthesis protocol that allows the incorporation of dG-AAF into oligonucleotides of any length accessible by solid-phase DNA synthesis with high efficiency and independent of sequence context. Key to this endeavor was the development of improved deprotection conditions (10% diisopropylamine in methanol supplemented with 0.25 M of beta-mercaptoethanol) designed to remove protecting groups of commercially available 'ultra-mild' phosphoramidite building blocks without compromising the integrity of the exquisitely base-labile acetyl group at N8 of dG-AAF. We demonstrate the suitability of these oligonucleotides in the nucleotide excision repair reaction. Our synthetic approach should facilitate comprehensive studies of the mechanisms of repair and mutagenesis induced by dG-AAF adducts in DNA and should be of general use for the incorporation of base-labile functionalities into DNA.
Periurethral collagen injections for genuine stress incontinence: a 2‐year follow‐up (1995)

Periurethral collagen injections continued to be effective at the 2-year follow-up, although there was a time-dependent decline. In comparison with more complicated procedures used in patients with previous failed continence surgery, periurethral collagen injection is a simple, acceptable, day case procedure which improves the quality of life in physically fit or frail patients, with few complications.
A Dioxygenase Catalyzes Steroid 16α-Hydroxylation in Steroidal Glycoalkaloid Biosynthesis (2017)

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are toxic specialized metabolites that are found in the Solanaceae. Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) contains the SGAs α-solanine and α-chaconine, while tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) contains α-tomatine, all of which are biosynthesized from cholesterol. However, although two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that catalyze the 22- and 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol have been identified, the 16-hydroxylase remains unknown. Feeding with deuterium-labeled cholesterol indicated that the 16α- and 16β-hydrogen atoms of cholesterol were eliminated to form α-solanine and α-chaconine in potato, while only the 16α-hydrogen atom was eliminated in α-tomatine biosynthesis, suggesting that a single oxidation at C-16 takes place during tomato SGA biosynthesis while a two-step oxidation occurs in potato. Here, we show that a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, designated as 16DOX, is involved in SGA biosynthesis. We found that the transcript of potato <i>16DOX</i> (<i>St16DOX</i>) was expressed at high levels in the tuber sprouts, where large amounts of SGAs are accumulated. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant St16DOX protein revealed that St16DOX catalyzes the 16α-hydroxylation of hydroxycholesterols and that (22<i>S</i>)-22,26-dihydroxycholesterol was the best substrate among the nine compounds tested. <i>St16DOX</i>-silenced potato plants contained significantly lower levels of SGAs, and a detailed metabolite analysis revealed that they accumulated the glycosides of (22<i>S</i>)-22,26-dihydroxycholesterol. Analysis of the tomato <i>16DOX</i> (<i>Sl16DOX</i>) gene gave essentially the same results. These findings clearly indicate that 16DOX is a steroid 16α-hydroxylase that functions in the SGA biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, <i>St16DOX</i> silencing did not affect potato tuber yield, indicating that <i>16DOX</i> may be a suitable target for controlling toxic SGA levels in potato.
Usefulness of the massively parallel processor for study of electronic properties of atomic and condensed matter systems (2003)

An investigation is presented into the possible increase in the efficiency of computations of electronic structures and properties of atomic, molecular, and condensed matter systems when one uses the massively parallel processor (MPP). The usefulness of MPP in improving the speed of evaluation of two-center electronic integrals and formation of Fock matrix elements necessary in electronic structure investigations of molecular and solid-state systems is analyzed. The possibility of reducing the time needed for calculating the large numbers of matrix elements for electron-electron interactions needed in many-body perturbation theory for atomic systems by using a parallel algorithm for numerical integrations is discussed. A number of algorithms are developed for carrying out the computational steps involved, which are rather time consuming when one uses serial processors. These algorithms show that using the massive parallelism of the MPP, it is possible to reduce the number of serial arithmetic operations substantially.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine specifically alters the expression of helix–loop–helix proteins Id1, Id2 and Id3 during neuronal differentiation (1997)

In mammals, cytosine methylation is important for the regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure. Recently, we have found evidence indicating that the maintained DNA methyltransferase activity is critical for neuronal cell differentiation. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine on gene regulation during nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Expression of the helix-loop-helix proteins Id1, Id2 and Id3 was specifically reduced by NGF and this effect was blocked in 5-azacytidine-treated cells, concomitant with the inhibition of NGF-induced neuronal differentiation. Nuclear run-on and Id2 promoter analyses further demonstrated that the decreased transcription of Id proteins is at least in part dependent on the DNA methyltransferase activity. These findings indicate that Id proteins are downstream targets of the NGF transduction pathway. Moreover, these results suggest that therapeutic strategies using 5-azacytidine against certain types of tumors should be reconsidered because of the possible deleterious effects on neuronal cell function.
Equilibrium Potential of Free Charge Carriers in a Bent Piezoelectric Semiconductive Nanowire (2009)

We have investigated the behavior of free charge carriers in a bent piezoelectric semiconductive nanowire under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. For a laterally bent n-type ZnO nanowire, with the stretched side exhibiting positive piezoelectric potential and the compressed side negative piezoelectric potential, the conduction band electrons tend to accumulate at the positive side. The positive side is thus partially screened by free charge carriers while the negative side of the piezoelectric potential preserves as long as the donor concentration is not too high. For a typical ZnO nanowire with diameter 50 nm, length 600 nm, donor concentration N(D) = 1 x 10(17) cm(-3) under a bending force of 80 nN, the potential in the positive side is <0.05 V and is approximately -0.3 V at the negative side. The theoretical results support the mechanism proposed for a piezoelectric nanogenerator. Degeneracy in the positive side of the nanowire is significant, but the temperature dependence of the potential profile is weak for the temperature range of 100-400 K.
Iridium and Ruthenium Complexes with Chelating N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Efficient Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation, β-Alkylation of Alcohols, and N-Alkylation of Amines (2008)

Air-stable Ir and Ru complexes of a chelating pyrimidine-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction and were found to be catalytically active for transfer hydrogenation, β-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols, and N-alkylation of amines with primary alcohols. Notably, the Ir complexes were found to catalyze the N-alkylation of amines using the mild base NaHCO3.
Biochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of CD62 and CD63 monoclonal antibodies. Expression of GMP-140 and LIMP-CD63 (CD63 antigen) in human lymphoid tissues. (1991)

During platelet secretion granule membrane glycoproteins are translocated to the plasma membrane. We report here the biochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of a panel of platelet-secretion-specific, CD62 and CD63 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), which we raised to thrombin-activated platelets. The CD62 MoAb identify the alpha-granule membrane protein GMP-140, also designated platelet activation-dependent granule external membrane protein (PADGEM). The number of epitopes on thrombin-activated platelets ranged from 15,000 to 20,000. The CD63 MoAb recognize a 30-60 kDalton integral membrane protein of lysosomes. Due to its distinct localization, we have designated the CD63 antigen lysosome integral membrane protein, CD63 (LIMP-CD63). The number of epitopes on thrombin-activated platelets ranged from 9000 to 11,000. Expression of GMP-140, a member of the Selectin family (also referred as the LEC-CAM family) of adhesion molecules, and LIMP-CD63 was examined on human spleen, thymus and lymph node by immunohistochemistry. Both GMP-140 and LIMP-CD63 showed a wide distribution in lymphoid tissues; vascular endothelial cells and tissue compartments that were readily accessible to blood-borne components were uniformly positive for GMP-140 and LIMP-CD63. Furthermore, LIMP-CD63 was expressed in polymorphonuclear granulocytes and macrophages.
Detecting High-Order Epistasis in Nonlinear Genotype-Phenotype Maps (2017)

High-order epistasis has been observed in many genotype-phenotype maps. These multi-way interactions between mutations may be useful for dissecting complex traits and could have profound implications for evolution. Alternatively, they could be a statistical artifact. High-order epistasis models assume the effects of mutations should add, when they could in fact multiply or combine in some other nonlinear way. A mismatch in the "scale" of the epistasis model and the scale of the underlying map would lead to spurious epistasis. In this article, we develop an approach to estimate the nonlinear scales of arbitrary genotype-phenotype maps. We can then linearize these maps and extract high-order epistasis. We investigated seven experimental genotype-phenotype maps for which high-order epistasis had been reported previously. We find that five of the seven maps exhibited nonlinear scales. Interestingly, even after accounting for nonlinearity, we found statistically significant high-order epistasis in all seven maps. The contributions of high-order epistasis to the total variation ranged from 2.2 to 31.0%, with an average across maps of 12.7%. Our results provide strong evidence for extensive high-order epistasis, even after nonlinear scale is taken into account. Further, we describe a simple method to estimate and account for nonlinearity in genotype-phenotype maps.
Anabolic Potential of Fibroblasts from Chronically Inflamed Gingivae Grown in a Hyperglycemic Culture Medium in the Presence or Absence of Insulin and Nicotine (2003)

Human gingival fibroblasts obtained from chronically inflamed tissue of nondiabetic patients demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of glucose and nicotine on androgen metabolism can be overcome by insulin, in varying degrees.
Reversine Enhances Generation of Progenitor-like Cells by Dedifferentiation of Annulus Fibrosus Cells (2009)

The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with reversine, a purine analog, promoted generation of skeletal progenitor cells from lineage-committed annulus fibrosus cells. Reversine modulated cell growth, morphology, and the actin cytoskeleton of annulus fibrosus cells. Microarray profiling coupled with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that reversine treatment resulted in a significant expression change in many genes including those required for cell-cell interaction, cell movement, cell growth, and development. Further analysis revealed that there was involvement of gene networks concerned with cellular assembly and organization, DNA replication and repair, tissue morphology, and cell-to-cell signaling. The gene expression profile was dependent on reversine concentration. In osteogenic media, cells pretreated with 300 nM reversine exhibited an increased induction in alkaline phosphatase activity and enhanced expression of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and collagen type I mRNA. Maintained in adipogenic media, the reversine-pretreated annulus cells displayed evidence of adipogenic differentiation: accumulation of cytosolic lipid droplets and increased expression of PPAR-gamma2, LPL, and Fabp mRNA. In chondrogenic media, cells pretreated with reversine exhibited marked increase in the induction of aggrecan, collagen types II, IX, and XI, and versican. It is concluded that reversine treatment induced annulus fibrosus cell plasticity and promoted their differentiation along mesenchymal lineages. This agent could be used to generate skeletal progenitor cells to orchestrate the repair of the intervertebral disc.
Molecular Diversity and Libraries of Structures: Synthesis and Screening (1996)

Library, or molecular diversity, approaches are a progressive tool in contemporary investigation of biological interactions and drug discovery. All library approaches include certain degree of rationality and cannot be therefore classified as random or irrational techniques. Reviewed techniques are complementary to so called "rational design"; they can serve either as a tool to generate a lead, or, on the other hand, to optimize a "designed" lead by rapid evaluation of structure-activity relationships. Combinatorial approaches are based on either a random or multiple principle which enables production of large number of diverse molecular structures that can be simultaneously screened and evaluated in a biological assay to find an optimal interacting molecule.
Graph-based analysis of physical exercise actions (2013)

In this paper, we develop a graph-based method to align two dynamic skeleton sequences, and apply it to both action recognition tasks as well as to the objective quantification of the goodness of the action performance. The automated measurement of "action quality" has potential to be used to monitor action imitations, for example, during a physical therapy. We seek matches between a query sequence and model sequences selected with graph mining. The best matches are obtained through minimizing an energy function that jointly measures space and time domain deformations. This measure has been used for recognizing actions, for separating acceptable and unacceptable action performances, or as a continuous quantification of the action performance goodness. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the improved results of our scheme vis-à-vis its nearest competitors. Furthermore, a plausible relationship has been obtained between action perturbation, given by the joint noise variances, and quality measure, given by matching energies averaged over a sequence.
Effective Scheduling Schemes for Wireless Multiuser MIMO Systems with SIC Receivers (2004)

Recently, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have shown the potential to achieve high speed data transmission by improving spectral efficiency over wireless fading channels. In multiuser MIMO environment, the radio base station (Node-B) supports mobile user equipment (UE) with different quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, where the adopted scheduling scheme controls the selection of UEs for service provision and has an impact on the system performance. In this paper, we first analysis two basic scheduling rules which are combined with and without successive interference cancelation (SIC) receivers, respectively. Then, we propose the hybrid scheduler which outperforms the two rules in terms of system capacity. Simulation results show that the performances of conventional scheduling schemes greatly depends on the number of UEs, and hence the proposed scheme is robust to the number, achieving the improved capacity gain.
Studies of Egg Yolk Pigmentation (1968)

THE nature of the carotenoid pigments (xanthophylls) which are deposited in the beak, shank and adipose tissues of chickens and in the yolks of eggs, the methods of their measurement, and the effects of antioxidants upon their utilization, have been studied recently by Marusich et al. (1960); Bunnell et al. (1962); Sullivan and Holleman (1962); Madiedo et al. (1964a,b); Bornstein and Bartov (1966); Bartov and Bornstein (1966), and others. Following the synthesis in quantity, according to the method of Isler et al. (1958), of β-apo-8′-carotenal and canthaxanthin, crystalline samples of these materials became available in pure form for studies of pigmentation in broilers and in egg yolks. The present report deals with comparisons of β-apo-8′-carotenal, canthaxanthin, and a number of natural sources of xanthophylls for pigmentation of egg yolks when added to (1) a standard laying diet containing yellow corn and a low level of alfalfa meal, (2) a practical . . .
Corrosion of Metal in Wood Products (1980)

A description is given of the source of metal corrosion products that cause wood deterioration around corroding metal in wet wood. Corrosion of isolated steel fasteners in wood and the formation of acid conditions around the corroding steel is explained in terms of “crevice corrosion.” The source of acid and alkaline conditions around corroding metals undergoing galvanic corrosion and the source of alkaline conditions around cathodically protected metal also are explained. Results of a 3-year corrosion test of eleven wood fastener materials in wood treated with copper-containing waterborne salt preservatives indicate that, when long service life is required under wet conditions, fastener materials that are cathodic with respect to copper should be chosen. The literature indicates that metals in contact with fire retardant-treated lumber and cellulose insulation under high moisture conditions also may be subject to corrosion.
Linearized saturation amplifier with bidirectional control (LSA-BC) for digital mobile radio (2002)

The design and performance of the LSA-BC, a novel power amplifier, are presented. A linear amplifier with the high efficiency of a switching-mode saturation amplifier can be realized. A high-efficiency GaAs FET is roughly linearized by dynamically varying its drain DC voltage with a high-efficiency variable-output DC-DC converter. A negative envelope feedback is utilized to compensate for the residual. The circuit construction is simple enough for use in the portable subscriber units of a digital mobile radio system. A 1.5-GHz-band 1-W LSA-BC was constructed to determine its performance with 32-kb/s roll-off QPSK (quadrature phase-shift keying). As a result, a 40% total efficiency is achieved as well as a stable third-order intermodulation distortion of -50 dB to the signal level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Superscalar instruction execution in the 21164 Alpha microprocessor (1995)

The 21164 is a new quad-issue, superscalar Alpha microprocessor that executes 1.2 billion instructions per second. The 300-MHz, 0.5-μm CMOS chip delivers an estimated 345/505 SPECint32/SPECfp92 performance. The design's high clock rate, low operational latency, and high-throughput/nonblocking memory systems contribute to this performance.
Evaluation of debonding progress in composite bonded structures using ultrasonic waves received in fiber Bragg grating sensors (2007)

We have developed a damage detection system that generates ultrasonic waves with a piezo-ceramic actuator and receives them in a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. In this research, this system was applied to evaluate the debonding progress in carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) bonded structures. First, small-diameter FBG sensors were embedded in adhesive layers of a double-lap-type coupon specimen consisting of CFRP quasi-isotropic laminates bonded with epoxy adhesive films. Then, an ultrasonic wave at 300 kHz was propagated through the debonded region, and the wavelet transform was applied to the received waveform. The obtained results showed clear differences depending on the debonding length. Hence, a new damage index was proposed using the difference in the distribution of the wavelet transform coefficient. The damage index increased with an increase in the debonded area. Furthermore, this system was applied to a skin/stringer structural element of airplanes made of CFRP laminates. In this case, a correlation coefficient was also calculated from the results of the wavelet transform. As a result, the damage index increased and the correlation coefficient decreased with an increase in the debonded area. Hence the length of the debonding between the skin and the stringer could be easily evaluated.
Metabolism of chlorofluorocarbons and polybrominated compounds by Pseudomonas putida G786(pHG-2) via an engineered metabolic pathway (1994)

The recombinant bacterium Pseudomonas putida G786(pHG-2) metabolizes pentachloroethane to glyoxylate and carbon dioxide, using cytochrome P-450CAM and toluene dioxygenase to catalyze consecutive reductive and oxidative dehalogenation reactions (L.P. Wackett, M.J. Sadowsky, L.N. Newman, H.-G. Hur, and S. Li, Nature [London] 368:627-629, 1994). The present study investigated metabolism of brominated and chlorofluorocarbon compounds by the recombinant strain. Under anaerobic conditions, P. putida G786(pHG-2) reduced 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-dichloroethane, and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane to products bearing fewer halogen substituents. Under aerobic conditions, P. putida G786(pHG-2) oxidized cis- and trans-1,2-dibromoethenes, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethene, and 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethene. Several compounds were metabolized by sequential reductive and oxidative reactions via the constructed metabolic pathway. For example, 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane was reduced by cytochrome P-450CAM to 1,2-dibromoethenes, which were subsequently oxidized by toluene dioxygenase. The same pathway metabolized 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane to oxalic acid as one of the final products. The results obtained in this study indicate that P. putida G786(pHG-2) metabolizes polyfluorinated, chlorinated, and brominated compounds and further demonstrates the value of using a knowledge of catabolic enzymes and recombinant DNA technology to construct useful metabolic pathways.