gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absolute bioavailability of cefprozil after oral administration in beagles (1992)

The absolute bioavailability of cefprozil, a new oral cephalosporin, in four beagles was evaluated. In this two-way crossover study, each dog received a 125-mg dose of cefprozil either as an oral aqueous solution or as a 15-min intravenous infusion. A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with UV detection was employed for the determination of cefprozil concentrations in plasma and urine. Key pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods. Cefprozil was well absorbed after oral administration, and peak concentrations of 17.6 to 26.6 micrograms/ml were attained at 60 min after drug administration. The apparent elimination half-life of cefprozil was about 70 min. The renal clearance was about 60% of total body clearance and is suggestive of significant nonrenal clearance. The absolute bioavailability of cefprozil ranged from 67.1 to 79.1% in the dogs.
The Extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) from Aqueous Ammonium Thiocyanate by Dihexyl-<i>N,N</i>-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate and Related Compounds (1982)

Abstract The extraction behavior and separation factors of Am(III) and Eu(III) from low acid ammonium thiocyanate solutions were studied using dihexyl-N,N-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate (DHDECMP) and related compounds. It was found that very dilute (<0.1 M) solutions of ammonium thiocyanate were sufficient to allow quantitative extraction of Am(III) with DHDECMP. Significant differences between DHDECMP and dibutylbutylphosphonate (DB[BP]) in the extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) from thiocyanate were found and indicate chelation is occurring with DHDECMP, unlike the situation in the low acid lithium nitrate system. Infrared spectroscopy of the extracted complexes of La(III) and extraction studies with dihexyl-N,N-diethylcarbamoylethylphosphonate (DHDECEP), dihexyl-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate (DHDIBCMP), and di-(2-ethylbutyl)-N,N-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate (DEBDECMP) confirm that chelation occurs with thiocyanate complexes of Am(III) and Eu(III). Separation factors, α, for Am(III) and Eu(III) were the lowest with DB[BP] (α = 5.84) and the highest with DHDIBCMP (α = 10.8).
Mass Transfer to an Impinging Jet Electrode (1978)

A study has been made of mass transfer to a circular disk electrode located in the stagnation region of an impinging jet. A semiempirical solution of a convective diffusion model is presented in the form of an asymptotic series to permit an estimate of the transfer rate for . Experimental results reveal that the electrode possesses a property of "uniform accessibility" to the diffusing species if the electrode radius is less than 1 nozzle diameter for turbulent jet and nozzle diameter for laminar jet. Within this region, the mass transfer is relatively independent of radial positions, and the semiempirical correlations are presented for both laminar and turbulent flows over a range of nozzle heights from 0.2 to 6 nozzle diameters. The result indicates that the impinging jet electrode is a feasible tool for electroanalytical applications. This geometry can be easily adopted in process streams and closed systems at a pressure other than the ambient atmosphere.
Models of cardiac ventricular action potentials: iterative interaction between experiment and simulation (2001)

The development of cardiac ventricular cell models since 1960 is reviewed with the focus on the interaction between simulation and experimental work. At each stage, the reasons for new models are explained, as are their defects and how these were used to point the way to successor models. A key feature of our analysis is the demonstration that as much, if not more, was learnt from the way in which models failed as from their successes. The review leads up to the most recent developments in this field and indicates the ways in which it may be expected to advance in the future.
The chemistry of chromium complexes used as coupling agents in fiberglass resin laminates (1961)

Abstract The chromium complex is chemically bonded by ion exchange with alkali cations to strongly acidic sites in the glass surface. These sites are formed by the isomorphous replacement of silicon by boron and aluminum in the network structure. Polymerized complexes are better bonding agents than monomeric ones. Specific interactions between organic groups on the chrome complex and the bonding resins also determine laminate strength and water resistance.
Some spectral properties of several soil types: implications for photomorphogenesis* (1990)

Abstract. Light transmission through several sands, soils and size classes of glass beads was investigated. The glass beads served as a highly reflective model system for the sands. Light penetration was significantly better through sands than through either sandy or silty loams. For sandy soils, there was a shift in the spectrum leading to a change in the red‐to‐far‐red photon ratio with increase in depth: this ratio dropped by more than 30% in the first few millimetres, and in some cases increased again with further increases in depth. The depths at which these changes occurred in the soil profile were specific for a given soil type. Similar spectral changes were obtained when sample depth for a sandy soil was held constant, and particle (ped) size of that soil was decreased. No such changes, either with sample depth or ped size, were observed with loams. Per cent transmittance in the blue (442 nm) was more than three orders of magnitude lower than in the red (632.8 nm) for sandy soils. When dry sandy soils were water‐saturated, their transmittance increased by up to three orders of magnitude, and the red far‐red ratios in the transmitted light increased in all cases. By contrast, water‐saturated loams were essentially opaque. The possible significance of these spectral properties of soils in seed germination and seedling photomorphogenesis is discussed.
A Rigid Chlorin−Naphthalene Diimide Conjugate. A Possible New Noncovalent Electron Transfer Model System (1998)

Described in this paper is the synthesis and study of a rigid "coplanar" noncovalent electron-transfer model system. This putative noncovalent complex juxtaposes a novel donor (chlorin) and acceptor (naphthalene diimide) via a three-point hydrogen bonding interaction (CDCl(3), K(a) = 364 +/- 47 M(-)(1)). It was studied by steady state fluorescence, time-resolved luminescence, and transient absorption methods. The results of the studies are consistent with (1) forward intraensemble electron transfer (ET) taking place rapidly following photoexcitation of the chlorin donor at 575 nm (k(ET) = 7.6 x 10(8) s(-)(1); DeltaG(cs) approximately -457 mV; Phi = 0.91) and (2) back electron transfer occurring even more rapidly.
Oxygen‐Dependent Synthesis of Graphene on γ‐Alumina Catalyst (2017)

Gamma‐alumina (γ‐Al 2 O 3 ) is one of the most promising ceramic catalysts for the graphene growth due to its weak bonding with graphene guaranteeing excellent detachability of graphene grown on it and its use as a dielectric layer for graphene‐based electronic devices. Oxygen leakage in graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is unavoidable resulting in deteriorated graphene quality and device performance. This paper elucidates the role of oxygen on the growth of graphene on γ‐Al 2 O 3 quantitatively and systematically. Escaping from unreliable analysis of the oxygen concentration in the CVD tube during the process, this paper directly focuses on the oxygen contents in resultant graphene crystals grown at diversified positions along the tube displaying from 9.75% to 14.82%. Oxygen‐dependent electrical properties of the graphene‐based electrical devices including sheet resistance, contact resistance, and electrical homogeneity are measured to 0.82–6.64 kΩ sq −1 , 0.50–4.43 kΩ mm, and 23.0–97.9%, respectively, with the sp 2 densities ranging from 51.0% to 72.1%.
Time Synchronization in Short Range Wireless Networks (2016)

Energy efficient wireless devices is a trend that has been on the rise the last few years. Energy efficiency properties may fill a function in wireless sensor networks where the devices could run on coin-cell batteries and still last for years. To make sense of the sensor data collected, there is a requirement of accurate time synchronization in the network. This report focuses on investigating if present time synchronization standards, NTP and PTP, and de facto-standards, RBS, TPSN, and FTSP, can provide sufficient accuracy in a network consisting of devices where energy efficiency and mobility are the ground pillars, or if accurate time synchronization and the constraints of highly energy efficient devices proves contradictory. The knowledge gained from studying the standards lay the foundation of a case study where RBS was implemented in a network consisting of Bluetooth low energy devices, proving that low millisecond accurate time synchronization was achievable using application based timestamping. Compared to wireless sensor networks consisting of devices not developed with today's high energy efficiency focus, the accuracy is a factor thousand less precise, but with some hardware features, like hardware based timestamping and a more accurate clock, it would not be impossible to reduce the gap.
Point of View (2004)

From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s)/drug(s). No funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Serena S. Hu, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Ave., Room MU320W, San Francisco, CA 94143-0728, USA; E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
Pocket Reference of Diagnosis and Management for the Speech-Language Pathologist (1996)

Aphasia and related disorders motor speech disorders cranial nerve assessment cognitive deficits brain tumours dysphagia diagnostic tests head and neck cancer voice disorders management of ventilator patients pediatric care and child development stuttering. Appendices: national support groups and informational organizations medical terminology medical abbreviations normal laboratory values pharmacological information.
Dictionary of computers, data processing & telecommunications (1984)

With the widespread use of computers, there is a corresponding use of these computers to transfer data by telecommunications. At the same time, some of the newer telecommunications circuits are using digital techniques to transmit entertainment signals as well as data. In fact, in some areas, the technologies of computers, data processing, and telecommunications have almost merged. For these reasons this dictionary would appear to fill an obvious need for engineers, writers, and editors in these fields.
Novel pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharides (1995)

Abstract The role of chemically characterized polysaccharides will be discussed in view of their immunostimulating activities. A possible correlation of fungal β‐1.3/1.6‐glucans differing in the branching pattern is demonstrated with in vivo tumor models. In a second part the possible role of sulfated polysaccharide structures as anticoagulating compounds is again correlated with polysaccharide structures and sulfate substitution pattern of these biopolymer derivatives.
LIGO: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (1992)

The goal of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Project is to detect and study astrophysical gravitational waves and use data from them for research in physics and astronomy. LIGO will support studies concerning the nature and nonlinear dynamics of gravity, the structures of black holes, and the equation of state of nuclear matter. It will also measure the masses, birth rates, collisions, and distributions of black holes and neutron stars in the universe and probe the cores of supernovae and the very early universe. The technology for LIGO has been developed during the past 20 years. Construction will begin in 1992, and under the present schedule, LIGO's gravitational-wave searches will begin in 1998.
Regulation of the Double-stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase PKR by RNAs Encoded by a Repeated Sequence in the Epstein-Barr Virus Genome (1996)

During the initial infection of B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) only a few viral genes are expressed, six of which encode the EBV nuclear antigens, EBNAs 1-6. The majority of EBNA mRNAs share common 5'-ends containing a variable number of two alternating and repeated exons transcribed from the BamHI W major internal repeats of the viral DNA. These sequences can also exist as independent small RNA species in some EBV-infected cell types. We present evidence that transcripts from these W repeat regions can exert a trans-acting effect on protein synthesis, through their ability to activate the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase PKR. UV cross-linking and filter binding assays have demonstrated that the W transcripts bind specifically to PKR and can compete with another EBV-encoded small RNA, EBER-1, which was shown previously to bind this kinase. In the reticulocyte lysate system the W RNAs shut off protein synthesis through an ability to activate PKR. In contrast to EBER-1, the W RNAs are unable to block the dsRNA-dependent activation of PKR. Using a purified preparation of the protein kinase we have shown that the W transcripts directly activate PKR in vitro. The results suggest that EBV has the ability both to activate and to inhibit PKR through the actions of different products of viral transcription.
Association Between Toll-like Receptor 4 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2005)

Haplotype analysis shows that TLR4 is associated with both CD and UC. The Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile variants do not show an association with CD, UC, or IBD as a group, indicating that these polymorphisms are likely not the causal ones. We propose that the 2 polymorphisms are in linkage with (the) disease susceptibility variant(s) located elsewhere on TLR4.
Chrome Nitride Coatings for Applications in Plastics Processing (1999)

Abstract Coated moulds, especially cavity surfaces and ejection parts are state of the art in plastics processing. Regarding the plastification unit i.e. screws and barrels coatings are not well established. Wear in processing remains a problem, especially when no abrasion is permitted e.g. in manufacturing optical elements. The surfaces must resist the abrasion of hard glas fibres as well as the corrosive attack of the polymers. Electroplated chrome is one of the answers to these demands, because of its hardness and corrosion resistance. Another solution are thin hard coatings which are not yet well established. Titanium nitride produced by PVD technique was found to show excellent abrasion resistance but often not sufficient corrosion properties. Chrome nitride was found to have great hardness like TiN, corrosion resistance behaviour similar to electroplated chrome and in contrast to electroplated coatings no tensile internal stress. The present study deals with the spectrum of characteristic properties of Cr x N coatings like hardness, adhesion, internal stress, chemical composition and phases produced by PVD magnetron sputtering. The coatings were deposited on steel, described in characteristics and tested in a model wear test with plasticized moulding material (PA 66-GF50 and others) simulating the tribological situation between screw and barrel of extruders or injection moulds. The tribological behaviour was studied after the complex test procedure. The high temperature of the plasticized material, high abrasion by glas fibres and corrosive influence could only change the coatings properties of Cr x N slightly.
Detergent-insoluble glycolipid microdomains in lymphocytes in the absence of caveolae. (1994)

Antibody binding to glycolipids and glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins of lymphocytes can trigger activation of specific signal transduction pathways. The finding that GPI-anchored proteins are present in detergent-insoluble complexes with several tyrosine kinases of the Src family suggested that these complexes may represent membrane microdomains involved in the transduction of signals to the cell interior. Recent work has suggested a link between detergent-insoluble microdomains and plasma membrane invaginations termed caveolae. Here we show that lymphocytes lack plasma membrane domains with the characteristic features of caveolae. Furthermore, VIP21-caveolin was not detectable in four different lymphocyte cell lines at the protein or mRNA level. In addition to the lack of caveolar domains, capping experiments suggested that the bulk of the GPI-anchored protein Thy1 and the glycosphingolipid GM1 were not stably associated in the lymphocyte plasma membrane. Despite this, Thy1 and GM1 were present in detergent-insoluble complexes. We conclude that detergent insolubility does not correlate with the presence of caveolae or of VIP21-caveolin and that caveolae, as defined by a number of different markers, are not involved in signal transduction in lymphocytes.
The serpin proteinase inhibitor 8: An endogenous furin inhibitor released from human platelets (2006)

The cornerstone of hemostasis is the ability of the organism to limit the enzymatic processes involved, thereby avoiding thrombosis. For this, anticoagulant systems in place involve serpins, such as PAI-1 and antithrombin III, which bind to their targeted serine proteases and limit their period of activity. We have previously identified the serine protease furin as a platelet-derived enzyme with an intrinsic role in platelet functions. We now report that furin enzymatic activity decreased rapidly following platelet activation, corresponding with the increase in formation of a high 180 M(r) SDS-stable complex composed of furin and the PI8 serpin. PI8 is shown to be a platelet-derived constituent, synthesized by megakaryocytes and stored in platelets prior to its release. Immunoprecipitation and purification of the PI8-furin complex confirmed their direct interaction and indicates that one of the roles of PI8 is to inhibit furin enzymatic activity. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate the inhibitory capacity of exogenous PI8 in platelet aggregation assays. The finding that PI8 is released by platelets and controls functional responses suggests a role for this serpin in platelet-regulated pathophysiological responses.
Methods to assess free radicals and oxidative stress in biological systems (1999)

Oxidative stress results from a disruption of the prooxidant/antioxidant cellular balance and monitoring free radical status becomes an interesting challenge in animal and human nutrition. In the present work, merits and limitations of different analytical techniques (HPLC, GC-MS, fluorometric and colourometric assays, ELISA, gel electrophoresis) for the measurement of radical mediated alterations in the cellular integrity of lipids (malondialdehyde, hydrocarbon gases, F2-isoprostanes) proteins (protein carbonyls, 3-nitrotyrosine) and DNA (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) are discussed. Besides these indirect methods, owing to the fact that free radicals are paramagnetic, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with spin trapping has become a valuable tool to directly assess and to better understand the mechanisms of free radical reactions. With this approach a radical that is too short-lived to be detected, adds to a spin-trapping agent to form a relatively long-lived radical adduct. Information obtained from the hyperfine splitting of the spin-trapped adduct can provide identification and quantification of the originally generated free radicals.
Connection-less packet data transmission in the signalling network infrastructure (2002)

Most of the current cellular networks provide effective data and speech services using circuit switched technology. However, the utilisation of transmission resources in circuit switching is unoptimal. For this reason the study of the packet radio media access control has been continuing for many years. Most of the studies limit their coverage to the air interface. The network side of the transmission system is left open because the existing data networks are expected to carry packets on the infrastructure side. This paper presents an alternative for transmission of connection-less packets in the cellular network infrastructure. The existing Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) is used for transmission. The paper presents modifications needed to support packet switched transmission in SS7.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Escherichia coli polB gene, which encodes DNA polymerase II, is regulated by the SOS system (1990)

The dinA (damage inducible) gene was previously identified as one of the SOS genes with no known function; it was mapped near the leuB gene, where the polB gene encoding DNA polymerase II was also mapped. We cloned the chromosomal fragment carrying the dinA region from the ordered Escherichia coli genomic library and mapped the dinA promoter precisely on the physical map of the chromosome. The cells that harbored multicopy plasmids with the dinA region expressed very high levels of DNA polymerase activity, which was sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase II. Expression of the polymerase activity encoded by the dinA locus was regulated by SOS system, and the dinA promoter was the promoter of the gene encoding the DNA polymerase. From these data we conclude that the polB gene is identical to the dinA gene and is regulated by the SOS system. The product of the polB (dinA) gene was identified as an 80-kDa protein by the maxicell method.
Non-invasive measurements of tissue hemodynamics with hybrid diffuse optical methods (2004)

Diffuse optical techniques were used to measure hemodynamics of tissues non-invasively. Spectroscopy and tomography of the brain, muscle and implanted tumors were carried out in animal models and humans. Two qualitatively different methods, diffuse optical tomography and diffuse correlation tomography, were hybridized permitting simultaneous measurement of total hemoglobin concentration, blood oxygen saturation and blood flow. This combination of information was processed further to derive estimates of oxygen metabolism (e.g. CMRO 2) in tissue. The diffuse correlation measurements of blood flow were demonstrated in human tissues, for the first time, demonstrating continous, non-invasive imaging of oxygen metabolism in large tissue volumes several centimeters below the tissue surface. The bulk of these investigations focussed on cerebral hemodynamics. Extensive validation of this methodology was carried out in in vivo rat brain models. Three dimensional images of deep tissue hemodynamics in middle cerebral artery occlusion and cortical spreading depression (CSD) were obtained. CSD hemodynamics were found to depend strongly on partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The technique was then adapted for measurement of human brain. All optical spectroscopic measurements of CMRO2 during functional activation were obtained through intact human skull non-invasively. Finally, a high spatio-temporal resolution measurement of cerebral blood flow due to somatosensory cortex activation following electrical forepaw stimulation in rats was carried out with laser speckle flowmetry. New analysis methods were introduced for laser speckle flowmetry. In other organs, deep tissue hemodynamics were measured on human calf muscle during exercise and cuff-ischemia and were shown to have some clinical utility for peripheral vascular disease. In mice tumor models, the measured hemodynamics were shown to be predictive of photodynamic therapy efficacy, again suggesting promise of clinical utility. In total, the research has pioneered the development of diffuse optical measurements of blood flow, oxygenation and oxygen metabolism in a large range of research and clinical applications.