gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space Time Coding for Backscatter RFID (2013)

In this work, the use of Space-Time Codes in passive Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems is explored; this is feasible whenever a tag possesses multiple antennas. Information is encoded across the multiple tag antennas and received by an RFID reader, also typically equipped with multiple antennas. The nature of passive RFID induces a unique fading channel known as the dyadic backscatter channel, which differs statistically compared to the canonical Rayleigh fading channel. We introduce a modified dyadic channel for RFID backscatter that adequately captures the space-time coding paradigm. We then propose known orthogonal space-time codes and derive an upper bound on the the pairwise error probability (PEP), leading to estimates of the (asymptotic) diversity order. Interestingly, the diversity order is shown to depend only on the number of tag antennas but not the number of receive antennas; the resultant performance trade-offs is discussed. Lastly, simulation of the symbol error rates for different channel configurations are conducted to validate the analysis.
Quality control of nano‐LC‐MS systems using stable isotope‐coded peptides (2011)

In analytical sciences, there is a general need for quality control to assess whether a product or a process meets defined requirements. Especially in proteomics, which implies analysis of ten thousands of analytes within a complex mixture, quality control to validate LC-MS performance and method setup is inevitable to achieve day-to-day-, inter-system-, as well as inter-user reproducibility. Thus, results deriving from LC-MS analyses can be benchmarked and the need for system maintenance can be revealed. In particular with the advent of label-free quantification of peptides and proteins, which above all depends on highly stable and reproducible LC separations, HPLC performance has to be appropriately monitored throughout the entire analytical procedure to assure quality and validity of the obtained data. Oftentimes, proteolytic digests of standard proteins are used in this context; however, this approach implies some limitations, such as inadequate batch-to-batch reproducibility, limited (if any) dynamic range and compositional inflexibility. Here, we present an alternative strategy of nano-LC-MS/MS quality control based on a mixture of synthetic peptides covering the entire LC-gradient as well as a dynamic range of more than two orders of magnitude. Thus, (i) reproducibility of LC separation, (ii) MS performance (including limit of detection, identification and quantification), as well as (iii) overall nano-LC-MS system performance and reproducibility can be routinely monitored even in highly complex samples.
Nitric oxide mediates the inhibitory effects of SDPNFLRFamide, a nematode FMRFamide-related neuropeptide, in Ascaris suum (1995)

1. The physiological effects of two Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide)-related neuropeptides isolated from the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus, SDPNFLRFamide (PF1) and SADPNFLRFamide (PF2), were examined using neuromuscular preparations from the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. 2. PF1 and PF2 hyperpolarized muscle membrane and induced sustained flaccid paralysis, independent of external Cl-, in both innervated and denervated preparations. 3. PF1 reversed spastic contractions induced by the cholinomimetic levamisole, elevated K+, or the excitatory nematode FMRFamide-related neuropeptides KNEFIRFamide or KHEYLRFamide. 4. PF1 reversal of levamisole contraction was blocked by pretreatment with agents that interfere with nitric oxide (NO) synthesis (e.g., N-nitro-L-arginine), whereas sodium nitroprusside, which releases NO in solution, mimicked PF1 and PF2. 5. NO synthase activity, monitored by the conversion of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline, was twice as abundant in A. suum hypodermis as in muscle, but was not present in reproductive tissue. The relative abundance of NO synthase activity in these tissues was similar to the observed specific binding of [3H]PF1. 6. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of PF1 and PF2 on nematode somatic muscle are mediated by NO, and that the hypodermis may serve a role in this process analogous to that of the endothelium in vertebrate vasculature.
A buffer-based approach to rate adaptation (2014)

Existing ABR algorithms face a significant challenge in estimating future capacity: capacity can vary widely over time, a phenomenon commonly observed in commercial services. In this work, we suggest an alternative approach: rather than presuming that capacity estimation is required, it is perhaps better to begin by using only the buffer, and then ask when capacity estimation is needed. We test the viability of this approach through a series of experiments spanning millions of real users in a commercial service. We start with a simple design which directly chooses the video rate based on the current buffer occupancy. Our own investigation reveals that capacity estimation is unnecessary in steady state; however using simple capacity estimation (based on immediate past throughput) is important during the startup phase, when the buffer itself is growing from empty. This approach allows us to reduce the rebuffer rate by 10-20% compared to Netflix's then-default ABR algorithm, while delivering a similar average video rate, and a higher video rate in steady state.
Analysis of water solubility in transformer oil using least square fitting method (2010)

Moisture content in transformer oil is an important index for equipment condition. Based on technical requirement of on-line monitoring of moisture content, this paper presents a water solubility estimation method using least square technique. Water distribution and solubility in oil is analyzed, and the Karl-Fischer method is adopted to determine moisture content in one oil sample; then, temperature and relative saturation are collected by temperature and moisture sensors. According to the empirical relation of water solubility and temperature, a formula of water solubility is finally determined using least square method, which ensures the measurement accuracy of moisture content in on-line monitoring application.
Out-of-Plane Total Internal Reflection Coupling Mirrors in Silicon-on-Insulator Ridge Waveguides (2006)

We describe the fabrication and performance of out-of-plane coupling mirrors in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) ridge waveguides. The mirrors consisted of a 45deg facet formed using directional CAIBE etching through a lithographically defined window
Macrocyclic Gd<sup>3+</sup> Chelates Attached to a Silsesquioxane Core as Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and Stability Studies (2010)

Two macrocyclic ligands, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-glutaric-4,7,10-triacetic acid (H(5)DOTAGA) and the novel 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-(4-(carboxymethyl)benzoic)-4,7,10-triacetic acid (H(5)DOTABA), were prepared and their lanthanide complexes (Ln = Gd(3+), Y(3+)) attached to an amino-functionalized T(8)-silsesquioxane. The novel compounds Gadoxane G (GG) and Gadoxane B (GB) possess eight monohydrated lanthanide complexes each, as evidenced by multinuclear ((1)H, (13)C, (29)Si) NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Pulsed-field gradient spin echo (PGSE) diffusion (1)H NMR measurements revealed hydrodynamic radii of 1.44 nm and global rotational correlation times of about 3.35 ns for both compounds. With regard to potential MRI contrast agent applications, a variable-temperature (17)O NMR and (1)H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) study was carried out on aqueous solutions of the gadolinium(III) complexes of the Gadoxanes and the corresponding monomeric ligands to yield relevant physicochemical properties. The water exchange rates of the inner-sphere water molecules are all very similar (k(ex)(298) between (5.3 +/- 0.5) x 10(6) s(-1) and (5.9 +/- 0.3) x 10(6) s(-1)) and only slightly higher than that reported for the gadolinium(III) complex of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (H(4)DOTA) (k(ex)(298) = 4.1 x 10(6) s(-1)). Despite their almost identical size and their similar water exchange rates, GB shows a significantly higher longitudinal relaxivity than GG over nearly the whole range of magnetic fields (e.g., 17.1 mM(-1) s(-1) for GB and 12.1 mM(-1) s(-1) for GG at 20 MHz and 25 degrees C). This difference arises from their different local rotational correlation times (tau(lR)(298) = 240 +/- 10 ps and 380 +/- 20 ps, respectively), because of the higher rigidity of the phenyl ring of GB as compared to the ethylene spacer of GG. A crucial feature of these novel compounds is the lability of the silsesquioxane core in aqueous media. The hydrolysis of the Si-O-Si moieties was investigated by (29)Si NMR and PGSE diffusion (1)H NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), as well as by relaxivity measurements. Although frozen aqueous solutions (pH 7.0) of GG and GB can be stored at -28 degrees C for at least 10 months without any decomposition, with increasing temperature and pH the hydrolysis of the silsesquioxane core was observed (e.g., t(1/2) = 15 h at pH 7.4 and 55 min at pH 8.1 for GG at 37 degrees C). No change in relaxivity was detected within the first 3 h, since the hydrolysis of the initial Si-O-Si moieties has no influence on the rotational correlation time. However, the further hydrolysis of the silsesquioxane core leads to smaller fragments and therefore to a decrease in relaxivity.
Zusammenhang zwischen Entropie und Wärme (1972)

ZusammenfassungWir leiten im folgenden für ein beliebiges heterogenes System den Zusammenhang zwischen der Entropieänderung des Systems und den Einwirkungen von Seiten der Außenwelt ab 1). Zu diesen äußeren Wirkungen gehört insbesondere die Wärme, die den einzelnen Phasen des Systems während der betrachteten Zu-standsänderung zugeführt wird. Es sind dabei der Stoff- und Wärmeaustausch sowohl zwischen den verschiedenen Phasen als auch zwischen dem Gesamtsystem und der Umgebung zu berücksichtigen. Im Laufe dieser Untersuchung gelangen wir zu einer Reihe fundamentaler Konsequenzen des Zweiten Hauptsatzes der Thermodynamik.
[bmim]AlCl<sub>4</sub> Ionic Liquid for Deep Desulfurization of Real Fuels (2008)

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate ionic liquid (IL) was synthesized and tested for its capability to extract organic sulfur species from real, refinery obtained hydrocarbon fuels. The fuels consisted of sulfur-rich gasoline and diesel as well as pretreated, partially desulfurized gasoline and diesel. The IL-extracted fuels were then analyzed for total sulfur, nitrogen, and chlorine. Total sulfur was significantly lowered in all tested fuels. Nitrogen levels were also significantly reduced mainly due to a pretreatment with molecular sieve. Only traces of chloride originating from the IL could be detected in three of the four samples after all extraction stages. Sulfur-speciation analyses revealed that some sulfur compounds in the feed were converted to new compounds.
Is CD4 sufficient for HIV entry? Cell surface molecules involved in HIV infection (1993)

HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV each bind to CD4 as the first step in virus entry. However, alternative receptors may also be used. HIV-1 binds to glycolipids with terminal galactosylceramide residues on neural cells; opsonized virus binds to Fc receptors; HIV-2 can infect certain CD4-negative cells. Further receptors may also play a role in CD4-mediated infection, including cell adhesion molecules and possibly cell surface proteinases. After binding to CD4, immunodeficiency viruses require secondary molecules to effect fusion between the virus envelope and the cell membrane; these accessory requirements differ between HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV.
Improved Analysis of Flavor Components in Alcoholic Beverages by Headspace Gas Chromatography. (1992)

水で希釈して溶媒組成を変えたり,塩を添加することによって,酒類中の溶解成分の気相への分配係数が増加し,その結果,ヘッドスペース法における感度向上が認められた,水による効果は,特に中高沸点エチルエステル成分に対して顕著である.単位濃度あたりの感度は,水が多いほど(すなわちエタノール濃度が低いほど)高くなるが,測定試料中の濃度は当然低くなるため,最も効果的に行なうためにはエタノール濃度が15%程度になるように水を加えると良い.また,塩による効果は塩の種類により大きな違いがあるが,塩化ナトリウムを飽和するまで加えると成分によってはさらに2～3倍の感度上昇が認められる.
First Application of <i>f</i><i>ac</i>-[<sup>99m</sup>Tc(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> in Bioorganometallic Chemistry:  Design, Structure, and in Vitro Affinity of a 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> Receptor Ligand Labeled with <sup>99m</sup>Tc (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFirst Application of fac-[99mTc(OH2)3(CO)3]+ in Bioorganometallic Chemistry: Design, Structure, and in Vitro Affinity of a 5-HT1A Receptor Ligand Labeled with 99mTcRoger Alberto, Roger Schibli, August P. Schubiger, Ulrich Abram, H.-J. Pietzsch, and B. JohannsenView Author Information Center for Radiopharmacy, Paul Scherrer Institute CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland Institute of Radiochemistry Forschungszentrum Rossendorf D-01314 Dresden, Germany Institute of Radiopharmaceutical and Bioinorganic Chemistry Forschungszentrum Rossendorf D-01314 Dresden, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 25, 6076–6077Publication Date (Web):June 15, 1999Publication History Received9 March 1999Published online15 June 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990765ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990765arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views966Altmetric-Citations194LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Labeling,Ligands,Receptors,Selectivity,Stability Get e-Alerts
A Multinational Survey of Risk Factors for Infection with Extended‐Spectrum β‐Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Nonhospitalized Patients (2009)

Community-acquired ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are now prevalent worldwide, necessitating international collaboration. Novel approaches are required to adequately address issues such as empirical treatment for severe community-acquired infection and infection control.
Investigation of TLR4 Antagonists for Prevention of Intestinal Inflammation (2022)

Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to be a major influence on the inflammatory signalling pathways in intestinal mucositis (IM), as demonstrated by TLR4 knock-out mice. Pharmacological TLR4 inhibition has thus been postulated as a potential new therapeutic approach for the treatment of IM but specific TLR4 inhibitors have yet to be investigated. As such, we aimed to determine whether direct TLR4 antagonism prevents inflammation in pre-clinical experimental models of IM. The non-competitive and competitive TLR4 inhibitors, TAK-242 (10 µM) and IAXO-102 (10 µM), respectively, or vehicle were added to human T84, HT-29, and U937 cell lines and mouse colonic explants 1 h before the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (in vitro: 100 µg/mL; ex vivo: 10 µg/mL), SN-38 (in vitro: 1 µM or 1 nM; ex vivo: 2 µM), and/or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (5 µg/mL). Supernatant was collected for human IL-8 and mouse IL-6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), as a measure of inflammatory signalling. Cell viability was measured using XTT assays. Explant tissue was used in histopathological and RT-PCR analysis for genes of interest: TLR4, MD2, CD14, MyD88, IL-6, IL-6R, CXCL2, CXCR1, CXCR2. SN-38 increased cytostasis compared to vehicle (P < 0.0001). However, this was not prevented by either antagonist (P > 0.05) in any of the 3 cell lines. Quantitative histological assessment scores showed no differences between vehicle and treatment groups (P > 0.05). There were no differences in in vitro IL-8 (P > 0.05, in all 3 cells lines) and ex vivo IL-6 (P > 0.05) concentrations between vehicle and treatment groups. Transcript expression of all genes was similar across vehicle and treatment groups (P > 0.05). TLR4 antagonism using specific inhibitors TAK-242 and IAXO-102 was not effective at blocking IM in these pre-clinical models of mucositis. This work indicates that specific epithelial inhibition of TLR4 with these compounds is insufficient to manage mucositis-related inflammation. Rather, TLR4 signalling through immune cells may be a more important target to prevent IM.
Installing and Configuring Application Software on the LHC Computing Grid (2006)

The management of application software is major scientific and practical challenge for designers of large-scale production grids, the large hadron collider computing grid is unique in the sense that coupling between application scientists and the resource providers is extremely loose, thus adding even more complexity to the software management problem. After an analysis of the requirements for a grid software management service from users' and site administrators' perspective, we give an overview of the solution adopted by the LHC grid infrastructure to support high energy physics experiments, highlighting features and current limitations. Tank&Spark is our server-client solution that extends the LHC grid application software system and tackles some of its limitations. Tank&Spark can be used as a stand-alone service also in other grid infrastructures. Here we illustrate the design, deployment and preliminary results obtained
Nest Sidecar Savings: Lecciones para Chile de la estrategia de “frascos” para promover el ahorro previsional voluntario en el Reino Unido (2020)

Este artículo describe el programa de ahorro voluntario “Sidecar Savings” y su experiencia con la implementación de la versión piloto de “Jars” (Frascos). En un solo producto, Jars combina una cuenta de ahorro de emergencia, que no tiene restricciones para el retiro de fondos, y una cuenta de ahorro previsional tradicional que no permite retiros. Esta innovación apunta a mejorar el bienestar de las personas promoviendo la acumulación de ahorro que les permita abordar de mejor manera sus necesidades de corto y largo plazo. En relación al caso chileno, surgen dos ideas. Primero, el producto “Jars” presenta elementos que permitirían mejorar el diseño del Ahorro Previsional Voluntario Colectivo (APVC). Segundo, la creación de una unidad de inteligencia pensional similar al “Nest Insight” contribuiría a mejorar el desarrollo y testeo de iniciativas orientadas a aumentar el ahorro y mejorar las pensiones.
Nanomedicine (2005)

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary scientific field with roots in medicine, communications, genomics, and robotics. Miniaturization provides cost effective and more rapidly functioning mechanical, chemical and biological components. But nanometer sized objects also possess self-ordering and assembly behaviors quite different from larger macro objects that when understood and harnessed will dramatically enhance the quality of human life. The potential applications of nanotechnology encompass virtually every aspect of our lives but one of the greatest values of nanotechnology will be the development of new and effective medical treatments (i.e. nanomedicine). This review focuses on the potential of nanomedicine including using nanoparticles for diagnostic and screening purposes, viral detection, developing artificial receptors, DNA sequencing using nanopores, manufacture of unique drug delivery systems, gene therapy applications, and the enablement of tissue engineering.
Stimulation of polyketide metabolism in Streptomyces fradiae by tylosin and its glycosylated precursors (1997)

Three glycosyltransferases are involved in tylosin biosynthesis in Streptomyces fradiae. The first sugar to be added to the polyketide aglycone (tylactone) is mycaminose and the gene encoding mycaminosyltransferase is orf2* (tylM2). However, targeted disruption of orf2* did not lead to the accumulation of tylactone under conditions that normally favour tylosin production; instead, the synthesis of tylactone was virtually abolished. This may, in part, have resulted from a polar effect on the expression of genes downstream of orf2*, particularly orf4* (ccr) which encodes crotonyl-CoA reductase, an enzyme that supplies 4-carbon extender units for polyketide metabolism. However, that cannot be the entire explanation, since tylosin production was restored at about 10% of the wild-type level when orf2* was re-introduced into the disrupted strain. When glycosylated precursors of tylosin were fed to the disrupted strain, they were converted to tylosin, confirming that two of the three glycosyltransferase activities associated with tylosin biosynthesis were still intact. Interestingly, however, tylactone also accumulated under such conditions and, to a much lesser extent, when tylosin was added to similar fermentations. It is concluded that glycosylated macrolides exert a pronounced positive effect on polyketide metabolism in S. fradiae.
Finnish type of familial amyloidosis: cosegregation of Asp187----Asn mutation of gelsolin with the disease in three large families. (1991)

Familial amyloidosis of Finnish type (FAF) is one of the familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) syndromes, a group of inherited disorders characterized by extracellular accumulation of amyloid and by clinical symptoms and signs of polyneuropathy. FAF, an autosomal dominant trait, belongs to those rare monogenic disorders which occur with increased frequency in the Finnish population: only single FAF cases have been reported from other populations. In most types of FAP syndromes the accumulating protein is a transthyretin variant. However, recent evidence has suggested that the amyloid peptides in FAF are related to gelsolin, an actin modulating protein. The gelsolin fragments isolated from at least one patient with amyloidosis have been reported to have an amino acid substitution, with asparagine replacing aspartic acid at position 187 of the plasma gelsolin. In this study allele-specific oligonucleotides were used to analyze three large FAF families with multiple affected individuals as well as healthy family members. We found the corresponding G-A mutation in nucleotide 654 of the plasma gelsolin gene to cosegregate with the disease. The result was confirmed by sequencing and strongly suggests that the mutation has caused all the FAF cases of these families. Since the disease is clustered in restricted areas on the southern coast of Finland, this mutation most probably causes the majority, if not all, of FAF cases in Finland.
The Balance of TNF Mediated Pathways Regulates Inflammatory Cell Death Signaling in Healthy and Diseased Tissues (2020)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF; TNFα) is a critical regulator of immune responses in healthy organisms and in disease. TNF is involved in the development and proper functioning of the immune system by mediating cell survival and cell death inducing signaling. TNF stimulated signaling pathways are tightly regulated by a series of phosphorylation and ubiquitination events, which enable timely association of TNF receptors-associated intracellular signaling complexes. Disruption of these signaling events can disturb the balance and the composition of signaling complexes, potentially resulting in severe inflammatory diseases.