gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Basis of Thyroid Cancer* (1994)

THYROID follicular cell tumors present a unique model for the study of genetic and environmental factors predisposing to benign nodule formation, well differentiated malignant tumors, and anaplastic cancer. Although these histological changes are not necessarily sequential, there is evidence that gradation of proliferative and differentiative potential exists among cells in each thyroid follicle. Conditions conducive to rapid growth ensure that the progeny of cells with high growth potential establish local dominance, a prelude to nodule formation (2). There is also evidence that well differentiated carcinoma may progress to an anaplastic form (3). It is only speculation that benign nodules may develop into well differentiated carcinoma. Cancer is a complex, multistep process (4). Based on the measurements of age-dependent tumor incidence, it was inferred mathematically that a succession of five or six independent steps are involved, each of which is rate limiting (5). This predicted sequence of events has been shown to apply to colorectal carcinoma (6–12).
Agile Data Mining Approach for Medical Image Mining (2019)

As Record keeping has turned into an unavoidable action in our everyday life, Medical aspect of this isn't immaculate medical data in digitized structure for example images is gathered from medical health centers. We need a successful quickly developing application to store, procedure and break down such a gigantic measure of information. Information mining approaches comprises of a lot more systems to break down future prediction and decision making. In our proposed procedure, Ensuring the storage of image dataset we perform hybrid technique of data mining approached such as CBIR technique to extract the features for region of interest, based on similarity of attributes like color, texture, shape, attribute, and text domain concepts and then deal with the classification of images using SVM. The performance statistics shown based on the accuracy of the classified brain images.
Density of amorphous Si (1994)

The density of amorphous Si has been measured. Multiple Si implants, at energies up to 8.0 MeV, were made through a contact mask to produce alternating amorphous/crystalline Si stripes with amorphous thicknesses up to ∼5.0 μm. For layers up to 3.4 μm (5 MeV), the amorphous Si is constrained laterally and deforms plastically. Above 5 MeV, plastic deformation of the surrounding crystal matrix is observed. Height differences between the amorphous and crystalline regions were measured for as-implanted, thermally relaxed, and partially recrystallized samples using a surface profilometer. Combined with ion channeling measurements of the layer thickness, amorphous Si was determined to be 1.8±0.1% less dense than crystalline Si (4.90×1022 atom/cm3 at 300 K). Both relaxed and unrelaxed amorphous Si show identical densities within experimental error (&lt;0.1% density difference).
Immunotherapy for Primary Brain Tumors: No Longer a Matter of Privilege (2014)

Immunotherapy for cancer continues to gain both momentum and legitimacy as a rational mode of therapy and a vital treatment component in the emerging era of personalized medicine. Gliomas, and their most malignant form, glioblastoma, remain as a particularly devastating solid tumor for which standard treatment options proffer only modest efficacy and target specificity. Immunotherapy would seem a well-suited choice to address such deficiencies given both the modest inherent immunogenicity of gliomas and the strong desire for treatment specificity within the confines of the toxicity-averse normal brain. This review highlights the caveats and challenges to immunotherapy for primary brain tumors, as well as reviewing modalities that are currently used or are undergoing active investigation. Tumor immunosuppressive countermeasures, peculiarities of central nervous system immune access, and opportunities for rational treatment design are discussed.
DisCo: middleware for securely deploying decomposable services in partly trusted environments (2004)

The DisCo middleware infrastructure facilitates the construction and deployment of decomposable applications for environments with dynamic network connectivity properties and unstable trust relationships spanning multiple administrative domains. Consumers of these services, who are mutually anonymous, must be able to discover, securely acquire the code for, and install service components over the network with only minimal a priori knowledge of their locations. Once installed, these components must be able to intemperate securely and reliably across the network. Solutions exist that address individual challenges posed by such an environment, but they rely upon mutually incompatible authorization models that are frequently insufficiently expressive. The primary contributions of DisCo are (1) a middleware toolkit for constructing such applications, (2) a unifying authorization abstraction, and (3) a realization of this authorization well suited for expressing partial trust relationships typical of such environments. We focus on the first two of these contributions, [E. Freudenthal et al., (2002)] presents the third.
Molecular Electrostatics of Conjugated Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) Using Electrostatic Force Microscopy (2002)

The electrostatic potential produced by a variety of self-assembled monolayers on Au(111) is measured using scanning probe techniques. The molecules chosen for this study contain thiol-terminated end groups and π-conjugated orbitals, making them suitable for molecular electronics applications. We have measured the surface potential of molecules having a symmetric structure and compared these results to those obtained from similar nonsymmetric molecules. The measured potential for nonsymmetric molecules scales with the dipole moment of the molecule comprising the monolayer. For symmetric molecules, the measured surface potential is essentially the same as the substrate. This result suggests that the dipole moment formed by the Au−S bond makes a small contribution to the measured surface potential. The dipole moment of a strong electron accepting molecule was intentionally modified by reaction with a strong electron acceptor. In this case, the surface potential produced by the self-assembled monolayer was found to change polarity after the formation of the charge-transfer complex.
Improvement in lifetime of color DC PDP (1995)

An important subject for the color DC PDP is how to extend its lifetime (defined by the decrease of luminance). The empirical equations for lifetime in He-Xe, Ne-Xe gas mixture have been obtained. These equations indicate that high pressure and a current limiting resistor built into each cell can secure a lifetime over 10,000 hours, which is long enough for practical use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Relative Gene Expression in Normal and Tumor Tissue by Quantitative RT-PCR (2003)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very powerful technique for the in vitro amplification of nucleic acid sequences (1) PCR relies on the principle that oligonucleotide sequences hybridize to a template DNA specifically, given the appropriate conditions. Conditions such as ionic strength and temperature, when optimized, would allow two oligonucleotide primers to hybridize to a DNA template. The primers are complementary to opposite strands of DNA, which allows DNA synthesis by a thermostable DNA polymerase upon hybridization.
Damage detection system with sub-microsecond resolution (2008)

Fiber optic grating sensors have been used to measure multi-dimensional strain, pressure, temperature, corrosion and moisture. This paper presents a method of using fiber grating sensors to measure the position and velocity of a very fast event associated with a blast wave. A chirped fiber grating of 50 mm length is placed in a highly energetic material. The action of the shock wave is to destroy the fiber grating as it propagates along it. By using a spectral filter such as a chirped fiber grating in combination with high speed detectors the position and velocity of the shock wave may be determined. A layout of a system used to experimentally verify this technique is described and results presented for two different highly energetic materials.
A Review on ethnomedicinal and phytopharmacological potential of traditionally wild and endemic plant Berberis tinctoria Leach.:(TJPS-2021-0061.R) (2021)

Introduction: Berberis tinctoria an evergreen shrub; endemic and predominantly found at a higher altitude of the Nilgiri biosphere reserve, India. This leaf and fruit are edible, which is also used in homeopathic remedies for countless illnesses. Objectives: The Berberis tinctoria with diverse ethnomedicinal uses was focused in the prevailing study to detailed the phytochemical and pharmacological properties for further imminent research in this species. Materials and methods: Published data in this review were all gathered from the online bibliographical databases: PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science and local ethnic community peoples of Kurumba and Toda. Results: B. tinctoria was used as a Ayurvedic and homeopathy medicine by the tribal communities. The previous findings of B. tinctoria was used for skin diseases, wound healing, inflammatory, menorrhagia, diarrhea, jaundice and snake bites. The phytochemical studies revealed that secondary metabolites, antioxidants and antimicrobial activity as a result of major alkaloid isoforms of Berberine, Berbamine, Jatrorrhizine, etc. Conclusion: B. tinctoria, is an important plant due to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals, especially berberine protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline. Due to its various ethnopharmacological importance and lots of commercial products and novel bioactivities target yet to be discovered for future drug discovery and development.
CD226 Mediates Platelet and Megakaryocytic Cell Adhesion to Vascular Endothelial Cells (2003)

Platelet adhesion to vascular endothelial cells is a pathophysiologically relevant cell-to-cell interaction. However, the mechanisms underlying this cellular interaction are incompletely understood. In search of the ligand for CD226 adhesion molecule expressed on platelets, we found that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express significant amount of putative CD226 ligand. We demonstrated that thrombin-activated, but not resting, platelets bind to intact HUVEC. Anti-CD226 monoclonal antibody specifically inhibited the binding, indicating that CD226 mediates the intercellular binding between thrombin-activated platelets and HUVEC. We also demonstrated that platelet activation with thrombin induces tyrosine phosphorylation of CD226 as well as CD226-mediated platelet adhesion. Moreover, experiments using mutant transfectants suggested that the tyrosine at residue 322 of CD226 plays an important role for its adhesive function. CD226 was also expressed on primary megakaryocytes and megakaryocytic cell lines. Anti-CD226 monoclonal antibody inhibited binding of megakaryocytic cell lines to HUVEC. Taken together, these results reveal a novel mechanism for adhesion of platelets and megakaryocytic cells to vascular endothelial cells.
Dossiê: O rádio na Espanha - EAJ-1 Radio Barcelona (2009)

Seguindo a linha editorial da revista cientifica Bibliocom, escrevemos este dossie sobre o radio na Espanha, esperando que este possa agucar a curiosidade com a ideia de que e interessante dialogar com outras experiencias em comunicacao, particularmente radiofonicas de outros paises, neste caso a Peninsula Iberica, que e tao proxima culturalmente do Brasil, apesar de separada por um oceano. Entendemos que a pesquisa cientifica visa a producao de conhecimento novo, relevante teorica e socialmente. Entende-se aqui, de forma breve ‘novo’ como um conhecimento que preenche uma lacuna no saber disponivel na area em que se esta trabalhando, no nosso caso o meio radio, particularmente “o radio na Espanha: EAJ-1 Radio Barcelona”, que nasce no governo da ditadura de Primo de Rivera (1923-1930), esta presente na ditadura de Damaso Berenguer (1930-1931) e se consolida na Segunda Republica Espanhola (19311935), portanto, momentos que antecedem a Guerra Civil, empreendida pelos lideres golpistas: generais Francisco Franco (comandando as tropas estacionadas no Marrocos), Emilio Mola (comandando as tropas do norte da Espanha), Joaquin Manuel Fanjul (tropas da capital Madrid), Manuel Goded (tropas da Cataluna) e Queipo de Llano (exercito do sul).
Patterned deposition by plasma enhanced spatial atomic layer deposition (2011)

Abstract An atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition reactor has been developed, to deposit Al 2 O 3 films from trimethyl aluminum and an He/O 2 plasma. This technique can be used for 2D patterned deposition in a single in‐line process by making use of switched localized plasma sources. It was observed that the sharpness of the patterns is primarily influenced by the concentration of reactive plasma species and by the dimensions of the plasma source. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Semantic classes and syntactic ambiguity (1993)

In this paper we propose to define selectional preference and semantic similarity as information-theoretic relationships involving conceptual classes, and we demonstrate the applicability of these definitions to the resolution of syntactic ambiguity. The space of classes is defined using WordNet [8], and conceptual relationships are determined by means of statistical analysis using parsed text in the Penn Treebank.
Transient grating induced by single-shot time-domain coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering: application to velocity measurements in supersonic flows (1996)

Single-shot time-domain coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering was recently used to measure the static temperature and the flow velocity vector component along laser beams in supersonic flows. We report results demonstrating the capability of this technique for determining the velocity component in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the laser beams. The experiment is interpreted with two complementary approaches, the first through Doppler shifts and the second through transient grating formation.
Enrichment of Glycoproteins using Nanoscale Chelating Concanavalin A Monolithic Capillary Chromatography (2009)

Immobilized lectin chromatography can be employed for glycoprotein enrichment, but commonly used columns have limitations of yield and resolution. To improve efficiency and to make the technique applicable to minimal sample material, we have developed a nanoscale chelating Concanavalin A (Con A) monolithic capillary prepared using GMA-EDMA (glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) as polymeric support. Con A was immobilized on Cu(II)-charged iminodiacetic acid (IDA) regenerable sorbents by forming a IDA:Cu(II):Con A sandwich affinity structure that has high column capacity, as well as stability. When compared with conventional Con A lectin chromatography, the monolithic capillary enabled the better reproducible detection of over double the number of unique N-glycoproteins in human urine samples. Utility for analysis of minimal biological samples was confirmed by the successful elucidation of glycoprotein profiles in mouse urine samples at the microliter scale. The improved efficiency of the nanoscale monolithic capillary will impact the analysis of glycoproteins in complex biological samples, especially where only limited material may be available.
A direct indirect method of small-angle scattering data treatment (1993)

A new method of treatment of small-angle scattering data is proposed. The real-space distribution function is developed into a series of linearly independent functions in such a way that the scattering intensity is represented as a series of orthonormal Hermite polynomials. The coefficients of this series are found by the least-squares method. The scale transformation factor ensures fast convergence of the series in real and reciprocal space and the number of terms is chosen using the orthogonal properties of the Hermite polynomials and perceptual criteria. The method allows evaluation of the distribution functions for monodisperse and polydisperse systems directly from the raw experimental data without a priori information on the particle sizes.
Matrix-shimmed ion cyclotron resonance ion trap simultaneously optimized for excitation, detection, quadrupolar axialization, and trapping (1999)

A different symmetry is required to optimize each of the three most common Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) electric potentials in a Penning (ICR) ion trap: one-dimensional dipolar ac for excitation (or detection), two-dimensional azimuthal quadrupolar ac excitation for ion axialization, and three-dimensional axial quadrupolar dc potential for ion axial confinement (trapping). Since no single trap shape simultaneously optimizes all three potentials, many trap configurations have been proposed to optimize the tradeoffs between the three requirements for a particular experiment. A more general approach is to divide each electrode into small segments and then apply the appropriate potential to each segment. Here, we extend segmentation to its logical extreme, by constructing a “matrix-shimmed” trap consisting of a cubic trap, with each side divided into a 5 × 5 grid of electrodes for a total of 150 electrodes. Theoretically, only 48 independent voltages need be applied to these 150 electrodes to generate all three desired electric potential fields simultaneously. In practice, it is more convenient to employ 63 independent voltages due to construction constraints. Resistive networks generate the potentials required for optimal quadrupolar trapping and quadrupolar excitation. To avoid resistive loss of excitation amplitude and detected signal, dipolar excitation/detection voltages are generated with a capacitive network. Theoretical Simion 6. 0 simulations confirm the achievement of near-ideal potentials of all three types simultaneously. From a proof-of-principle working model, several experimental benefits are demonstrated, and proposed future improvements are discussed.
Serum Levels of Substance P and Response to Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy (2004)

Substance P (SP) is possibly involved in the etiopathology of affective disorders. Here we investigated the relationship of SP serum levels and response to antidepressant drug therapy. SP serum levels were determined before and during a 9-week drug trial in 40 depressed patients treated with paroxetine in combination with either lamotrigine (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20). Responders (n = 18) and non-responders (n = 22) significantly differed in SP serum levels: responders started with higher SP levels that decreased during drug therapy, whereas non-responders had lower SP levels that increased at the beginning. There were no differences between patients with adjunct lamotrigine or placebo. These preliminary data indicate that SP serum levels might be related to response to antidepressant drug therapy. Further studies have to substantiate this finding.
Characterization of the Transthyretin Acid Denaturation Pathways by Analytical Ultracentrifugation:  Implications for Wild-Type, V30M, and L55P Amyloid Fibril Formation (1998)

Analytical ultracentrifugation methods were utilized to further characterize the acid denaturation pathways of wild-type, V30M, and L55P transthyretin (TTR) that generate intermediates leading to amyloid fibril formation and possibly the diseases senile systemic amyloidosis and familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Equilibrium and velocity methods were employed herein to characterize the TTR quaternary structural requirements for amyloid fibril formation. From neutral to slightly acidic conditions (pH 7.5-5.1), wild-type transthyretin (0.2-0.3 mg/mL, 100 mM KCl, 37 degrees C) exists as a tetramer and is incapable of fibril formation. Under more acidic conditions (pH 5 to 3.9), tetrameric wild-type TTR slowly dissociates to a monomer having an alternatively folded tertiary structure(s) that self-assembles at physiological concentration (0.2 mg/mL) into a ladder of quaternary structural intermediates of increasing molecular weight. These intermediates appear to be on the pathway of amyloid fibril formation, since they ultimately disappear when amyloid fibrils are observed. The V30M and L55P TTR variants exhibit similar acid denaturation pathways, with the exception that dissociation of the tetramer to the monomeric amyloidogenic intermediate occurs at a higher pH and to a much greater extent, allowing the quaternary structural intermediates to be readily observed by velocity methods. Partial denaturation and assembly of the monomeric amyloidogenic intermediate(s) occur at pH 5.4 for V30M and L55P TTR over a 72 h period, during which wild-type TTR maintains its normal tetrameric three-dimensional structure. Interestingly, the L55P and V30M familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) associated variants form amyloid protofilaments at pH 7.5 (37 degrees C) after several weeks of incubation, suggesting that the activation barriers for TTR tetramer dissociation to the monomeric amyloidogenic intermediate are much lower for the FAP variants relative to wild-type TTR, which does not form amyloid or amyloid protofilaments under these conditions. This study establishes the key role of the monomeric amyloidogenic intermediate and its self-assembly into a ladder of quaternary structural intermediates for the formation of wild-type, V30M, and L55P transthyretin amyloid fibrils.
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the human brain: technique, findings and clinical applications (2016)

Neurological disorders are one of the most important public health concerns in developed countries. Established brain imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and x-ray computerised tomography (CT) have been essential in the identification and diagnosis of a wide range of disorders, although usually are insufficient in sensitivity for detecting subtle pathological alterations to the brain prior to the onset of clinical symptoms-at a time when prognosis for treatment is more favourable. The mechanical properties of biological tissue provide information related to the strength and integrity of the cellular microstructure. In recent years, mechanical properties of the brain have been visualised and measured non-invasively with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), a particularly sensitive medical imaging technique that may increase the potential for early diagnosis. This review begins with an introduction to the various methods used for the acquisition and analysis of MRE data. A systematic literature search is then conducted to identify studies that have specifically utilised MRE to investigate the human brain. Through the conversion of MRE-derived measurements to shear stiffness (kPa) and, where possible, the loss tangent (rad), a summary of results for global brain tissue and grey and white matter across studies is provided for healthy participants, as potential baseline values to be used in future clinical investigations. In addition, the extent to which MRE has revealed significant alterations to the brain in patients with neurological disorders is assessed and discussed in terms of known pathophysiology. The review concludes by predicting the trends for future MRE research and applications in neuroscience.