gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled Trial of the Treatment of 36 Stutterers (1971)

Stutter, tic and the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome have many features in common. Haloperidol has been found of value in the treatment of the last-named syndrome (1) and also of tic (2). Our study was intended to evaluate its use, combined with orphenadrine, in stutterers. We used it both with and without speech therapy, as shown in Table I. The trial was controlled, and double blind. Our 36 patients, aged 15 to 60, were of both sexes and neither psychotic nor subnormal. They were not on other therapy. They were randomly divided by an independent third party equally into the following groups, and treated as indicated.
Suppressive effects of citrus fruits on free radical generation and nobiletin, an anti‐inflammatory polymethoxyflavonoid (2000)

Citrus fruit intake is known to be associated with a reduction of cancer incidence. Free radicals, including superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO), are involved in some epithelial carcinogenesis processes. In the present study, we screened thirty-one citrus fruits for their suppressive activities toward three lines of free radical generating systems: 1) O2- generation by the xanthine (XA)-xanthine oxidase (XOD) system; 2) O2- generation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in differentiated human promyelocytic HL-60 cells; and 3) NO generation in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-gamma. As a result, the inhibitory activities of peel parts were largely found to be higher than those of the corresponding juice sac parts. In particular, the peel portion of Dancy tangerine (Citrus tangerinia) showed marked anti-oxidative activities in these systems. In addition, nobiletin, a polymethoxyflavonoid isolated from C. nobilis, showed a higher anti-inflammatory activity than indomethacin in a TPA-induced edema formation test in mouse ears. These results indicate that citrus fruits could be notable sources of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cancer preventive compounds.
Application of coupled films to memory elements (1969)

A review of multilayer film applications to memory elements is given. Among the topics discussed are the development of creep-free elements by use of multilayer or composite films, the application of magnetostatically coupled films and of exchange coupled films for DRO and NDRO memories, and finally the potential applications of multilayer films to magnetooptic memories. The latter includes multilayer films made of two strongly ferromagnetic films separated by a low-Curie-temperature intermediate layer. Their coercivity changes rapidly with temperature and this original property can be used to make magnetooptic memories.
EFFECT OF BAFFLE PLATE ON ABSORPTION RATE OF GAS IN BATCH HORIZONTAL STIRRED VESSEL (1972)

To stabilize the flow pattern and to evaluate capability as a gas absorber, experiments were performed with baffled vessels. Apparatuses used were three geometrically similar batch horizontal stirred vessels. Studies were madeon the transfer rate of oxygen into sodium sulphite solution. Results obtained were :1) In the experiments, Froude No. was varied over a wide range to correlate the overall volumetric absorbtion coefficient KGa. The relation between KGa and Froude No. fora baffled vessel accorded with the one obtaind for a non-baffled vessel in state A1 corresponding to the limited range of Froude No., in which the liquid is splashed violently by the impeller.2) The over-all volumetric absorption coefficient KGawas approximately in proportion to power consumption per unit volume Pv. It was expressed by:KGA=KPV : Dt=10.6-18.4, ε=0.3-0.7, PV=5X100-2X102: K=5.5X109 (oxygen-sodium sulphite solution system)where Dt is diameter of vessel, ε is ratio of volume of liquid to volume of vessel.
Calling Your Bluff: How Prosecutors and Defense Attorneys Adapt Plea Bargaining Strategies to Increased Formalization (2009)

This ethnographic work examines the inner workings of a highly formalized plea bargaining unit in a large urban prosecutor's office from the lawyers' point of view. Observations of forty two plea negotiations between prosecutors and defense attorneys along with both formal and informal interviews reveal how the legal actors adapt to institutional rules in the pursuit of the both efficiency and justice. In the face of ever increasing prosecutorial power, defense attorneys find ways to equalize the balance when cases do not fit the "normal crimes" model. Examination of negotiating strategy and discourse give further insight into whether prosecutors and defense attorneys behave differently under highly rationalized systems of plea‐bargaining compared with traditional models previously studied.
Experiments and experiences in stereo (1960)

A considerable number of observations as well as formal experiments in High Fidelity Stereo sound are reported. Three-channel stereo with corner flanking speakers has been shown to achieve accuracy in both tonality and geometry. A large center speaker with small outriggers is observed to lack both tonality and geometry. A center speaker in the corner with wall outriggers is observed to produce a deeply curved stereo geometry. Limiting speakers to a bass range down to 300 cycles may preserve geometry, but not tonality. Overly large bass speakers lead to a spatial and delay separation of bass and treble events. There is an optimum bass speaker size. Wide spacing of speakers offers improved accuracy of stereo geometry. The array cannot normally exceed the speaker spacing, but because of the focusing effect of the center channel, it may be much narrower than the speaker spacing. Numerous minor observations of radiation angle and polar response point up the desirability of corner speaker placement. Large speakers may be placed at low or high level, but the dynamic range of small speakers is limited. Corner speaker placement affects apparent room size and may be advantageously employed to improve the reverberation effects. Wide Stage Stereo demonstrations using speaker spacing up to 50 feet or more are compared to home applications with 15-foot spacing. High Fidelity Stereo is both high fidelity and stereo, and entails meeting the requirements of both.
Modeling the Combination of Amphotericin B, Micafungin, and Nikkomycin Z against <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> In Vitro Using a Novel Response Surface Paradigm (2007)

Response surface methods for the study of multiple-agent interaction allow one to model all of the information present in full concentration-effect data sets and to visualize and quantify local regions of synergy, additivity, and antagonism. In randomized wells of 96-well plates, Aspergillus fumigatus was exposed to various combinations of amphotericin B, micafungin, and nikkomycin Z. The experimental design was comprised of 91 different fixed-ratio mixtures, all performed in quintuplicate. After 24 h of drug exposure, drug effect on fungal viability was assessed using the tetrazolium salt 2,3-bis {2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-[(sulfenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium-hydroxide} (XTT) assay. First, we modeled each fixed-ratio combination alone using the four-parameter Hill concentration-effect model. Then, we modeled each parameter, including the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) effect, versus the proportion of each agent using constrained polynomials. Finally, we modeled the three-agent response surface overall. The overall four-dimensional response surface was complex, but it can be explained in detail both analytically and graphically. The grand model that fit the best included complex polynomial equations for the slope parameter m and the combination index (equivalent to the IC(50) for a fixed-ratio concentration, but with concentrations normalized by the respective IC(50)s of the drugs alone). There was a large region of synergy, mostly at the nikkomycin Z/micafungin edge of the ternary plots for equal normalized proportions of each drug and extending into the center of the plots. Applying this response surface method to a huge data set for a three-antifungal-agent combination is novel. This new paradigm has the potential to significantly advance the field of combination antifungal pharmacology.
Fishbone (2003)

A block-level placement and routing scheme called Fishbone is presented. The routing uses a two-layer spine topology. The pin locations are configurable and restricted to certain routing grids in order to ensure full routability and precise predictability. With this scheme, exact net topologies are determined by pin positions only; hence during block placement, net parameters such as wire length (and delay) can be derived directly. The construction of Fishbone nets is much faster than for Steiner trees; this enables the integration of block placement and routing; there is no separate routing stage.
ProNet: Learning to Propose Object-Specific Boxes for Cascaded Neural Networks (2016)

This paper aims to classify and locate objects accurately and efficiently, without using bounding box annotations. It is challenging as objects in the wild could appear at arbitrary locations and in different scales. In this paper, we propose a novel classification architecture ProNet based on convolutional neural networks. It uses computationally efficient neural networks to propose image regions that are likely to contain objects, and applies more powerful but slower networks on the proposed regions. The basic building block is a multi-scale fully-convolutional network which assigns object confidence scores to boxes at different locations and scales. We show that such networks can be trained effectively using image-level annotations, and can be connected into cascades or trees for efficient object classification. ProNet outperforms previous state-of-the-art significantly on PASCAL VOC 2012 and MS COCO datasets for object classification and point-based localization.
The gene encoding the nonstructural protein of B19 (human) parvovirus may be lethal in transfected cells (1988)

The B19 parvovirus is a cause of bone marrow failure in humans. B19 is toxic to erythroid progenitor cells in vitro. Viral products possibly responsible for toxicity were explored by transfection of cloned B19 genome into HeLa cells. The nonstructural (NS) protein was detected in cells 30 h after transfection. Plasmids containing the B19 genome were transfected with selectable marker genes in stable transformation assays. Plasmids that contained the left side of the B19 genome, which encodes the NS protein of the virus, inhibited antibiotic-resistant colony formation. Transformation occurred when NS protein expression was blocked by mutation. Suppression of transformation by NS protein was not tissue specific, suggesting a role for NS protein in toxicity for nonpermissive cells without parvovirus replication or virion accumulation.
Differences in Essential Oil Composition of Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.) Italian Cultivars Related to Morphological Characteristics (1996)

Ten Italian cultivars of basil were studied to establish a possible relation between morphological characteristics and essential oil composition. The morphological parameters were recorded at the beginning of the flowering stage and the essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Among the cultivars, four phenotypes were distinguished on the basis of leaf size, shape, and color and plant height, weight, branching, and leafing. The composition of essential oils, all characterized by a high content of linalool, included three chemotypes: “linalool,” “linalool and methylchavicol,” and “linalool and eugenol”. Two chemotypes each had their own suite of morphological characters, whereas two groups of cultivars, with different morphological parameters belonged to the same chemotype. Keywords: Basil cultivars; Ocimum basilicum L.; morphological characteristics; essential oil composition; chemotypes
Estrogen Induces Nitric Oxide Production via Activation of Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthases in Human Neuroblastoma Cells (2004)

Although it is becoming increasingly evident that nitric oxide (NO) mediates some of estrogen's actions in the brain, the effects of estrogen on NO production through NO synthases (NOS) in neuronal cells have not yet been identified. Here we assessed changes in NO production induced by 17beta-estradiol (E2) in cells of neuronal origin using human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, which we show express all three isoforms of NOS. Involvement of NOS isoforms in E2-induced NO production was examined using isoform-specific NOS inhibitors. E2 (10(-10)-10(-6) m) induced rapid increases in NO release and changes in endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression, which were blocked by ICI 182,780, an antagonist of estrogen receptors. Increased levels of NO release and NOS activity induced by E2 were blocked by N5-(1-Imino-3-butenyl)-L-ornithine, a neuronal NOS inhibitor, and N(5)-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine, an eNOS inhibitor, but not by 1400W, an inducible NOS inhibitor. These results demonstrate that E2-stimulated NO production occurs via estrogen receptor-mediated activation of the constitutive NOSs, neuronal NOS and eNOS. The E2-induced NO increase was abolished when extracellular Ca2+ was removed from the medium or after the addition of nifedipine, an L-type channel blocker, and was partially inhibited using 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator. However, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester itself also caused an increase in NO release that was blocked by 1400W, suggesting that inducible NOS mediates this response. Together these data reveal that constitutive NOS activities are responsible for E2-induced NO production in neuroblastoma cells and that differential activation of NOS isoforms in these cells occurs in response to different treatments.
Central Canal Ependymal Cells Proliferate Extensively in Response to Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury but Not Demyelinating Lesions (2014)

The adult mammalian spinal cord has limited regenerative capacity in settings such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have revealed that ependymal cells lining the central canal possess latent neural stem cell potential, undergoing proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation following experimental SCI. To determine whether reactive ependymal cells are a realistic endogenous cell population to target in order to promote spinal cord repair, we assessed the spatiotemporal dynamics of ependymal cell proliferation for up to 35 days in three models of spinal pathologies: contusion SCI using the Infinite Horizon impactor, focal demyelination by intraspinal injection of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and autoimmune-mediated multi-focal demyelination using the active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. Contusion SCI at the T9-10 thoracic level stimulated a robust, long-lasting and long-distance wave of ependymal proliferation that peaked at 3 days in the lesion segment, 14 days in the rostral segment, and was still detectable at the cervical level, where it peaked at 21 days. This proliferative wave was suppressed distal to the contusion. Unlike SCI, neither chemical- nor autoimmune-mediated demyelination triggered ependymal cell proliferation at any time point, despite the occurrence of demyelination (LPC and EAE), remyelination (LPC) and significant locomotor defects (EAE). Thus, traumatic SCI induces widespread and enduring activation of reactive ependymal cells, identifying them as a robust cell population to target for therapeutic manipulation after contusion; conversely, neither demyelination, remyelination nor autoimmunity appears sufficient to trigger proliferation of quiescent ependymal cells in models of MS-like demyelinating diseases.
Fetal phonocardiogram extraction using single channel blind source separation (2015)

Frequent and long-term monitoring of fetal health status is still a challenging task in high-risk pregnancies. This paper presents a fully noninvasive method to extract fetal heart sound (FHS) from acoustic signals recorded from the maternal abdominal surface. The proposed algorithm is based on single channel blind source separation (SCBSS), which utilizes empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to extracts different sources from audio signal mixtures. To evaluate the algorithm performance, a dataset of 110 pregnant women were collected at Hafez Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The algorithm performance has been tested on 50 randomly selected sample data of recording signals. The results show very good separation of the fetal heart sound. Quantitative results show that the fetal heart rate (FHR) calculated from the processed channel corresponding to the fetal phonocardiogram (fPCG) has an accuracy of 96% as compared to the simultaneously recorded FHS by means of ultrasound.
Limited Feedback Beamforming Over Temporally-Correlated Channels (2009)

Feedback of quantized channel state information (CSI), called limited feedback, enables transmit beamforming in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems with a small amount of overhead. Due to its efficiency, beamforming with limited feedback has been adopted in several wireless communication standards. Prior work on limited feedback commonly adopts the block fading channel model where temporal correlation in wireless channels is neglected. In this paper, we consider temporally correlated channels and design single-user transmit beamforming with limited feedback. Analytical results concerning CSI feedback are derived by modeling quantized CSI as a first-order finite-state Markov chain. These results include the information rate of the CSI quantizer output, the bit rate a CSI feedback channel is required to support, and the effect of feedback delay on throughput. In particular, based on the theory of Markov chain convergence rate, feedback delay is proved to reduce the throughput gain due to CSI feedback at least exponentially. Furthermore, an algorithm is proposed for CSI feedback compression in time. Combining the results in this work leads to a new method for designing limited feedback beamforming as demonstrated by a design example.
Prolonged QTc interval predicts mortality in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (2001)

QTc prolongation, but not increased QT dispersion, is an independent marker of increased mortality in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Sampling Content Distributed Over Graphs (2013)

Despite recent effort to estimate topology characteristics of large graphs (i.e., online social networks and peer-to-peer networks), little attention has been given to develop a formal methodology to characterize the vast amount of content distributed over these networks. Due to the large scale nature of these networks, exhaustive enumeration of this content is computationally prohibitive. In this paper, we show how one can obtain content properties by sampling only a small fraction of vertices. We first show that when sampling is naively applied, this can produce a huge bias in content statistics (i.e., average number of content duplications). To remove this bias, one may use maximum likelihood estimation to estimate content characteristics. However our experimental results show that one needs to sample most vertices in the graph to obtain accurate statistics using such a method. To address this challenge, we propose two efficient estimators: special copy estimator (SCE) and weighted copy estimator (WCE) to measure content characteristics using available information in sampled contents. SCE uses the special content copy indicator to compute the estimate, while WCE derives the estimate based on meta-information in sampled vertices. We perform experiments to show WCE and SCE are cost effective and also ``{\em asymptotically unbiased}''. Our methodology provides a new tool for researchers to efficiently query content distributed in large scale networks.
Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Vibration Signals (2012)

We present a study on the feasibility of the automatic detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) from cardiac vibration signals (ballistocardiograms/BCGs) recorded by unobtrusive bedmounted sensors. The proposed system is intended as a screening and monitoring tool in home-healthcare applications and not as a replacement for ECG-based methods used in clinical environments. Based on BCG data recorded in a study with 10 AF patients, we evaluate and rank seven popular machine learning algorithms (naive Bayes, linear and quadratic discriminant analysis, support vector machines, random forests as well as bagged and boosted trees) for their performance in separating 30 s long BCG epochs into one of three classes: sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation, and artifact. For each algorithm, feature subsets of a set of statistical time-frequency-domain and time-domain features were selected based on the mutual information between features and class labels as well as first- and second-order interactions among features. The classifiers were evaluated on a set of 856 epochs by means of 10-fold cross-validation. The best algorithm (random forests) achieved a Matthews correlation coefficient, mean sensitivity, and mean specificity of 0.921, 0.938, and 0.982, respectively.
Mutational Analysis of Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3/CXCR7) Interaction with Its Chemokine Ligands CXCL11 and CXCL12 (2016)

Atypical chemokine receptors do not mediate chemotaxis or G protein signaling, but they recruit arrestin. They also efficiently scavenge their chemokine ligands, thereby contributing to gradient maintenance and termination. ACKR3, also known as CXCR7, binds and degrades the constitutive chemokine CXCL12, which also binds the canonical receptor CXCR4, and CXCL11, which also binds CXCR3. Here we report comprehensive mutational analysis of the ACKR3 interaction with its chemokine ligands, using 30 substitution mutants. Readouts are radioligand binding competition, arrestin recruitment, and chemokine scavenging. Our results suggest different binding modes for both chemokines. CXCL11 depends on the ACKR3 N terminus and some extracellular loop (ECL) positions for primary binding, ECL residues mediate secondary binding and arrestin recruitment potency. CXCL12 binding required key residues Asp-179<sup>4.60</sup> and Asp-275<sup>6.58</sup> (residue numbering follows the Ballesteros-Weinstein scheme), with no evident involvement of N-terminal residues, suggesting an uncommon mode of receptor engagement. Mutation of residues corresponding to CRS2 in CXCR4 (positions Ser-103<sup>2.63</sup> and Gln-301<sup>7.39</sup>) increased CXCL11 binding, but reduced CXCL12 affinity. Mutant Q301E<sup>7.39</sup> did not recruit arrestin. Mutant K118A<sup>3.26</sup> in ECL1 showed moderate baseline arrestin recruitment with ablation of ligand-induced responses. Substitutions that affected CXCL11 binding also diminished scavenging. However, detection of reduced CXCL12 scavenging by mutants with impaired CXCL12 affinity required drastically reduced receptor expression levels, suggesting that scavenging pathways can be saturated and that CXCL12 binding exceeds scavenging at higher receptor expression levels. Arrestin recruitment did not correlate with scavenging; although Q301E<sup>7.39</sup> degraded chemokines in the absence of arrestin, S103D<sup>2.63</sup> had reduced CXCL11 scavenging despite intact arrestin responses.
THERMAL OBSERVATION OF A MODULATED INPUT FOR A 2.5GHZ CMOS POWER AMPLIFIER Part 1: Feasibility study (2011)

In this Project, the verification of the possibility of extraction of information of a modulated signal through no-invasive thermal measurements is done. The main objective is that using a non-invasive thermal technique, information about the PA can be extracted so that the PA’s efficiency can be improved.