gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Recognizing Virtual Honeypots and Countermeasures (2006)

Honeypots are decoys designed to trap, delay, and gather information about attackers. We can use honeypot logs to analyze attackers' behaviors and design new defenses. A virtual honeypot can emulate multiple honeypots on one physical machine and provide great flexibility in repesenting one or more networks of machines. But when attackers recognize a honeypot, it becomes useless. In this paper, we address issues related to detecting and "camouflaging" virtual honeypots, in particular Honeyd, which can emulate any size of network on physical machines. We find that an attacker may remotely fingerprint Honeyd by measuring the latency of the network links emulated by Honeyd. We analyze the threat from this fingerprint attack based on the Neyman-Pearson decision theory and find that this class of attack can achieve a high detection rate and low false alarm rate. In order to counter this fingerprint attack, we make virtual honeypots behave like their surrounding networks and blend in with their surroundings. We design a camouflaged Honeyd by revising a small part of the Honeyd toolkit code and by appropriately patching the operating system. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach to camouflaging Honeyd.
OFDM systems with multiple trellis coded modulation (2002)

In an attempt to improve the performance under a frequency selective fading environment, we propose an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDM) system in which MTCM (multiple trellis coded modulation) is applied to a set of multiple subcarriers. The code is designed to enlarge the summation of the Euclidean distance and the product distance. We also propose a scheme for assigning the symbols to subcarriers adaptively based on the channel state information (CSI) fed back from the reception receive end, and evaluate the performance applying these two codes and the proposed scheme under a multipath Rayleigh fading environment.
On measuring the client-side DNS infrastructure (2013)

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical component of the Internet infrastructure. It allows users to interact with Web sites using human-readable names and provides a foundation for transparent client request distribution among servers in Web platforms, such as content delivery networks. In this paper, we present methodologies for efficiently discovering the complex client-side DNS infrastructure. We further develop measurement techniques for isolating the behavior of the distinct actors in the infrastructure. Using these strategies, we study various aspects of the client-side DNS infrastructure and its behavior with respect to caching, both in aggregate and separately for different actors.
Design concepts and strategies for tissue engineering scaffolds (2011)

In the emerging field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, new viable and functional tissue is fabricated from living cells cultured on an artificial matrix in a simulated biological environment. It is evident that the specific requirements for the three main components, cells, scaffold materials, and the culture environment, are very different, depending on the type of cells and the organ-specific application. Identifying the variables within each of these components is a complex and challenging assignment, but there do exist general requirements for designing and fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds. Therefore, this review explores one of the three main components, namely, the key concepts, important parameters, and required characteristics related to the development and evaluation of tissue engineering scaffolds. An array of different design strategies will be discussed, which include mimicking the extra cellular matrix, responding to the need for mass transport, predicting the structural architecture, ensuring adequate initial mechanical integrity, modifying the surface chemistry and topography to provide cell signaling, and anticipating the material selection so as to predict the required rate of bioresorption. In addition, this review considers the major challenge of achieving adequate vascularization in tissue engineering constructs, without which no three-dimensional thick tissue such as the heart, liver, and kidney can remain viable.
Assessment of nalmefene glucuronide as a selective gut opioid antagonist (1995)

Opioid use often causes troublesome constipation as a side-effect. Selective antagonism of the intestinal actions of opioids might be useful in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation. We tested the inactive metabolite of nalmefene, nalmefene glucuronide, which showed promise of gut selectivity in rodent models, by administering ascending doses in single-blind, placebo-controlled fashion to five methadone-maintained, opioid-dependent male volunteers. Assessment of whether systemic or gut-selective opioid antagonist effects occurred was measured by vital signs, pupillary diameter, opioid withdrawal symptom scales, and bowel function. Oral nalmefene glucuronide precipitated symptoms and signs consistent with the opioid abstinence syndrome in all five subjects a mean of 9.0 h after dosing. We conclude that nalmefene glucuronide does not appear to exert sufficient gut selectivity to be useful in antagonizing constipation due to exogenous opioid administration without antagonizing systemic opioid effects.
New triarylmethyl derivatives: "blocking groups" for rotaxanes and polyrotaxanes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew triarylmethyl derivatives: "blocking groups" for rotaxanes and polyrotaxanesHarry W. Gibson, Sang Hun Lee, Paul T. Engen, Pierre Lecavalier, Jean Sze, Ya Xi Shen, and Mukesh BhedaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 14, 3748–3756Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00066a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00066a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2462Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytotoxic Effects of Cytokines on Human Pancreatic Islet Cells in Monolayer Culture* (1990)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) inhibit insulin release and may be cytotoxic to isolated rodent pancreatic islets. In this study we examined the effects of IL-1, TNF, and IFN gamma on the viability and hormone secretion of islets isolated from adult human pancreas and maintained in monolayer culture. IL-1 and TNF were cytotoxic to the islet cells (20-30% cell lysis) in a 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay, and IFN gamma had only small effects (less than 10% lysis). Combination of maximally cytotoxic concentrations of IL-1 (10 U/mL) and TNF (10(3) U/mL) produced an additive cytotoxic effect. IFN gamma (10(3) U/mL) acted synergistically with IL-1 and TNF, and the three cytokines added together produced maximal islet cell lysis (46.4 +/- 4.3%). Assay of insulin and glucagon in the islet monolayers revealed that IL-1, TNF, and IFN gamma inhibited both B- and A-cell secretory functions; however, only IL-1 and TNF produced permanent decreases in insulin and glucagon contents in the islet cultures. These findings indicate that IL-1 and TNF, as single agents, are cytotoxic to human islet cells, and that this cytotoxicity can be amplified by combining the cytokines and/or adding IFN gamma. However, the lack of specificity for B-cells in vitro suggests that additional factors might be operative in vivo for the cytokine products of macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrating islets to produce the B-cell-specific damage characteristic of type 1 diabetes.
The role of syndecan-2 in regulation of actin-cytoskeletal organization of Lewis lung carcinoma-derived metastatic clones (2002)

Syndecans, a family of transmembrane heparan sulphate proteoglycans, contribute to various biological processes, including adhesion, motility, proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis. We document here the involvement of syndecan-2 acting alone or co-operatively with integrin α5β1, for regulation of actin-cytoskeletal organization on cell adhesion to fibronectin, using fibronectin-recombinant polypeptides containing the ligands for either or both of these receptors as substrata. Lewis lung carcinoma-derived low-metastatic P29 cells binding to the substrata by both receptors formed actin stress fibres, whereas those binding by syndecan-2 or integrin α5β1 alone formed filopodia or cortex actin. In contrast, higher metastatic LM66-H11 cells formed cortex actin even on substrata containing both ligands. Northern-blot and flow-cytometric analyses revealed that syndecan-2 expression in LM66-H11 cells was significantly lower (1/4.5 in mRNA and 1/8 in cell-surface expression) than in P29 cells, whereas expression levels of integrin α5β1 and other syndecans were similar in both cell types. These results suggest that the failure of LM66-H11 to form stress fibres is due to a lower expression of syndecan-2 than that due to a threshold for its function. This was confirmed by the finding that overexpression of syndecan-2 by transfection of its cDNA into LM66-H11 cells caused the formation of stress fibres on the fibronectin substratum. These in vitro cellular responses of the two clones might reflect their in vivo situation in primary tumours in which P29 cells with a stroma-inducing capacity were immediately surrounded by fibronectin-rich matrix formed by the induced stromal cells, whereas LM66-H11 cells without such capacity were not surrounded by a similar matrix.
Deep Image: Scaling up Image Recognition (2015)

We present a state-of-the-art image recognition system, Deep Image, developed using end-to-end deep learning. The key components are a custom-built supercomputer dedicated to deep learning, a highly optimized parallel algorithm using new strategies for data partitioning and communication, larger deep neural network models, novel data augmentation approaches, and usage of multi-scale high-resolution images. Our method achieves excellent results on multiple challenging computer vision benchmarks.
Determination of developmental stage to obtain high frequencies of embryogenic microspores in <i>Brassica napus</i> (1992)

Individual buds of Brassica napus cv. Topas, near the first pollen mitosis, were used for microspore culture. Bud and petal lengths were recorded. Microspores isolated from the individual buds were plated and small samples were fixed for cytology. Following embryo induction and three weeks of culturing, numbers of embryos were scored. Bud and petal lengths did not accurately indicate which buds would supply microspores that would form embryos at high frequencies. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine nuclei stained with Hoechst 33258 and vacuolar morphology of microspores was revealed by the weaker fluorescence due to glutaraldehyde fixation. Following isolation, nuclear and vacuolar characteristics were used to stage the microspores as miduninucleate, late uninucleate vacuolate, late uninucleate, mitotic, or binucleate. The relationship of developmental stage to the frequency of microspore‐derived embryos was evaluated. A classification scheme was developed which uses the relative proportions of microspores at each of the stages to identify microspore isolations that would form embryos at high frequencies. It was found that when 1 to 87% of the isolated microspores were binucleate, 21.4 ± 3.0% of the viable microspores developed into embryos. This was a significant ( P < 0.001) increase over the other 3 classes. The ability to select highly embryogenic microspore isolations is of great advantage for developmental cell biology studies.
Design and performance of a stable linear retarder (1997)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a nominally quarter-wave linear retarder for wavelengths near 1.3 mum that is stable within +/-0.1 degrees retardance over a range of wavelength, input angle, temperature, and environmental variations. The device consists of two concatenated Fresnel rhombs made from a low stress-optic-coefficient glass that minimizes the residual birefringence from machining and packaging. Device machining, assembly, and antireflection coating tolerances are discussed, and the theoretical performance is compared with measurements. Humidity can modify retardance of the total-internal-reflection surfaces; we discuss packaging that mitigates this effect and provides an estimated 10-year lifetime for the device. Several measurement methods were intercompared to ensure that the device retardance can be measured with an uncertainty less than 0.1 degrees . Similar retarders will be certified by NIST and made available as Standard Reference Materials.
Drosophila TFIIA-L is processed into two subunits that are associated with the TBP/TAF complex. (1993)

The basal factor TFIIA has been shown to act early during initiation in both the mammalian and yeast transcription systems, but a TFIIA-like activity has not been identified in Drosophila. While characterizing the Drosophila TFIID complex, we discovered that a 30-kD protein that cofractionated with dTFIID was homologous to the previously identified, large subunit of yeast TFIIA. Here, we report the cloning and biochemical characterization of Drosophila TFIIA-L. Coimmunoprecipitation studies with anti-dTBP, anti-dTFIIA-L, and anti-TAF antibodies indicated a tight association of the endogenous dTFIIA and dTFIID. However, dTFIIA could be dissociated from dTFIID under conditions that did not elute the TAFs, and the eluted material had mobility shift and transcriptional activities associated with TFIIA. Peptide sequence and Western analysis with antibodies raised against the amino- and carboxy-terminal portions of recombinant dTFIIA-L revealed that a precursor 48-kD species was cleaved in vivo, giving rise to the 30- and 20-kD subunits of dTFIIA that remain associated with each other and with dTFIID. Protein-protein interaction assays identified dTBP and dTAFII110 as targets for binding TFIIA in the TFIID complex. These results suggest that TFIIA may form a specific complex with both TAFs and other components of the transcriptional machinery during formation of the initiation complex.
A Catalytic Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Wodeshiol (1999)

[formula: see text] (-)-Wodeshiol of > 99% ee has been synthesized from the alpha,beta-enone shown using a number of noteworthy steps including a novel C-C coupling reaction.
Identification of Elements of the Peptide Binding Site of DnaK by Peptide Cross-linking (1996)

We used photocross-linking of peptides to DnaK to identify elements of the peptide binding site of DnaK. We attached a photoactivatable group (N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azido-salicylic acid (NHS-ASA) or N-iodoacetamidobutyl-4-azido-salicylic acid (I-ABASA)) to different positions on peptide C of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, 125I-radiolabeled the cross-linker, cross-linked the peptide to DnaK by UV irradiation, and then determined the amino acid residues of DnaK that were cross-linked to the peptide. Limited trypsin digestion of the DnaK-peptide complex revealed that the derivatives modified with photoactivatable cross-linker peptide C cross-linked to a C-terminal fragment of DnaK and that the N-terminal 45-kDa fragment of DnaK was not cross-linked by these modified peptides. The attachment points of the three peptide C derivatives carrying photoactivatable cross-linkers at different locations on the peptide, PepC-ASA, PepC-S7C-ABASA, and PepC-S8C-ABASA, have been identified as Arg-536, Arg-527, and His-541 of DnaK, respectively. Thus all three peptides cross-linked to amino acids located close together in a sequence that includes one end of the long alpha-helix in the NMR-based secondary structure model of the peptide binding domain of Hsp70 family (Morshauser, R., Wang, H., Flynn, G., and Zuiderweg, E. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 6261-6266).
An Improved Adaptive Electronic Circulator for Telephone Applications (1979)

A previous attempt at realizing an adaptive circulator for telephone applications suffered from limitations due to voice switching problems, resistive part matching only, and some difficulties with adaptive operation for broadband signals. The use of pilot tones enables the circuit to be free from voice switching problems and to accomplish a close impedance match with that of a telephone line. Analysis of the circuit in an adaptive hybrid configuration produces the theoretical bounds on performance. Experimental results display the performance characteristics of the adaptive circuits and various other hybrid circuits on a selection of subscriber lines with a range of terminations.
Cross-Layer Congestion Control in Multi-hop Wireless Local Area Networks (2006)

Nowadays, with the development of high-performance protocols for wireless networks, WLANs are becoming a feasible solution for low-cost deployment of telecommunication networks. In this framework, congestion control is becoming a relevant issue, especially in the scenario of multi-hop wireless LANs. The paper proposes a novel method based on TCP to improve congestion control over multi-hop wireless networks, by providing means to effectively measure bandwidth and delay on the data path. Results underline the effectiveness of the proposed solution for the performance improvement of next-generation multi-hop wireless networks.
Body Mass and Suicide Risk (2007)

Body mass has been neglected as a possible predictor of suicidal behavior. The present investigation explores the association between body mass index and completed suicide. Data are from the National Mortality Followback Survey and refer to 373 suicides, and 518 deaths from motor vehicle accidents as controls. The results of a logistic regression analysis indicated that, for females, the greater the BMI the greater the suicide risk. However, this relationship did not hold up under controls for race and other covariates of BMI. For males, the BMI was not significantly related to suicide risk either at the bivariate or multivariate levels of analysis. The best predictors of suicide were living alone for females, and alcohol abuse for males.
Ruthenium-Mediated Isomerization and Ring-Closing Metathesis: Versatile Syntheses of 6-, 7- and 8-Membered Benzo-Fused Heterocycles (2003)

Ruthenium-mediated isomerization and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) were the key steps used to convert a simple substrate, 2-allyl-3-isopropoxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, into a variety of 6-, 7- and 8-membered nitrogen- and oxygen-containing benzo-fused heterocycles.
Nuclear power reactors (1955)

Since controlled nuclear fission was first demonstrated 12 years ago, great progress has been made in the development of nuclear power. Practical reactor materials and coolants, classification of reactors, and three reactor types are discussed in the first part of this 2-section article.
The Design and Implementation of CoAP Over WebSocket Proxy (2017)

CoAP is designed as an application layer protocol for IoT applications by IETF CoRE WG, and CoAP over WebSocket is currently of interest to researchers. This paper analyzes the features and defect of the HTTP/CoAP proxy proposed in RFC 7252, and explains the CoAP over WebSocket proxy as well as its advantage over the HTTP/CoAP proxy. Then a design and implementation of the WebSocket proxy based on Californium open-source framework is given. Performance tests and experiments results show that the WebSocket proxy has some significant advantages over HTTP/CoAP proxy in term of response time upon high concurrency requests.
Effects of Fe2+ on sludge granulation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (2000)

Experiments were performed in parallel using six identical UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactors to examine the effects of iron (Fe2+) on sludge granulation during start-up. Introduction of Fe2+ at concentrations of 300 and 450 mg/L enhanced the granulation process in UASB reactors, while dosage of Fe2+ (150 mg/L) had little effect on the sludge granulation. The Fe2+concentration in granules was nearly proportional to the influent Fe2+concentration. The specific activity of granules decreased with increasing Fe2+/concentration in the feed. For high Fe2+ dosages, a large amount of minerals was deposited within the granules, and FeS and the compounds formed by iron and exopolysaccharide polymers were the main precipitates. This, along with the significant decrease in the water content in granules and the possible toxicity of high-level Fe2+accumulated inside granules, reduced bacterial specific activity.
CubeSat Attitude Determination and Helmholtz Cage Design (2012)

Abstract : A method of 3-axis satellite attitude determination utilizing six body-fixed light sensors and a 3-axis magnetometer is analyzed. A Helmholtz cage is designed, built, and tested to provide a dynamic, 3-axis, uniform magnetic field to cancel the Earth's magnetic field and create an environment similar to the geomagnetic field a satellite would experience on-orbit. A CubeSat is provided the inertial magnetic vector and Sun vector, which are combined with data from the light sensors and magnetometer in a CubeSat. Attitude is estimated on-board the CubeSat via the optimal fast quaternion estimation algorithm. The capabilities of the Helmholtz cage, including the uniformity of the produced magnetic field, are examined as is the accuracy of the on-board attitude determination. The results show that a support column in the vicinity of the cage impacts the uniformity of the magnetic field. The desired +/- 2 Gauss magnetic field was achieved in two of three directions, and the cage was equipped to simulate a dynamic magnetic field as would be experienced in orbit. Attitude determination with the OFQEA is achieved to within +/- 6 degrees of error.
특집 : 국가보안법 제7조의 남용사례와 위헌성에 관한 연구 (2013)

국가보안법은 그동안 야누스적인 모습을 한 채 국가의 존립과 안전 및 인권침해를 하여왔다. 국가보안법 가운데 특히 가장 남용이 심한 것이 제7조이다. 국가보안법 제7조는 죄형법정주의의 명확성의 원칙에 위배되고, 표현의 자유 및 양심의 자유에 위반될 뿐만 아니라 국가의 존립보다는 정권의 유지수단으로 남용되어 폐지해야 한다는 주장과 반면에 국가의 안전과 존립을 위해서는 민주주의의 마지막 보루인 국가보안법은 유지되어야 한다는 주장이 맞서고 있다. 이 글은 이러한 현실에서 국가보안법 제7조는 폐지되어야 한다는 결론에 도달하기 위하여 그동안 학계에서 논의되었던 ‘명백하고 현존하는 위험’(Clear and Present Danger)의 의미를 헌법재판소, 대법원의 판결을 통하여 살펴보는데 그 1차적 목적이 있다. 국가보안법의 남용을 없애기 위해서는 제7조를 폐지하는 것이 바람직하지만 당장의 폐지는 우리 사회의 현실에서 볼 때 요원하다고 본다. 따라서 필자는 국가보안법의 남용사례를 실태를 통하여 폐지의 당위성을 제시하고, 특히 최근 우리 지역에서 발생한 ‘최보경 선생’ 사건을 통하여 검찰의 무리한 기소를 비판하면서 국가보안법 제7조의 폐지를 앞당기는데 2차적 목적이 있다. 한편 최근 하급심 법원의 판결을 보면 국가보안법 제7조의 이적표현물의 여부를 결정함에 있어 북한의 주장과 같다할지라도 이러한 주장들은 우리사회가 얼든지 여과해 낼 수 있고, 특히 헌법상의 표현과 사상의 자유를 내세워 무죄를 선고하고 있는 예가 늘어나고 있다는 것이다. 그러나 최근의 대법원의 판례를 보면 ‘법과 양심’에 의하여 재판을 해야 할 대법관들이 정권의 성향에 따라 재판을 하는 것 같다. 즉 국가보안법 제7조로 처벌하려면, ‘자유민주적 기본질서를 위태롭게 한다는 정을 알면서 국가의 존립·안전이나 자유민주적 기본질서에 실질적 해악을 끼칠 위험성’이 있어야 하는데도 불구하고 이를 제대로 해석하지 않는 것 같다. 특히 하급심에서 무죄가 나면 보수언론에서 좌편향 판사들을 용공판사로 매도하여 대법원의 재판에 영향을 미치게 하고 있다. 따라서 앞으로 사법부의 마지막 보루인 대법원이 ‘국가의 존립과 안전 또는 자유민주적 기본질서에 실질적 해악 또는 위해를 줄 위험성’이 있는 지 여부를 여론에 휘말리지 않고 소신 있게 판단하게 하는데 이 논문의 마지막 목적이다. 이러한 ‘실질적 해악과 위험성’을 어떻게 해석하느냐에 따라 앞으로 국가보안법 제7조의 존?폐 여부가 결정된다고 본다.