gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size Effects of the Crystallite of ZSM-5 Zeolites on the Direct Catalytic Conversion of L-Lactic Acid to L, L-Lactide (2020)

ZSM-5 zeolites are commonly used as a heterogeneous catalyst for reactions. Four ZSM-5 catalysts (with various crystallite sizes and a similar ratio of Si/Al) and their ball-milling/surface-poisoning derivates were used to convert L-lactic acid to L, L-lactide. The reaction products were analyzed by three independent analytical methods (i.e., Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and chiral gas chromatography (GC)) for determining the L, L-lactide yield and L-lactic acid conversion. A clear size effect, i.e., smaller catalysts providing better performance, was observed. Further ball-milling/surface-poisoning experiments suggested that the size effect of the ZSM-5 catalysts originated from the diffusion-controlled nature of the reaction under the investigated conditions.
Ultimate Top-down Etching Processes for Future Nanoscale Devices: Advanced Neutral-Beam Etching (2006)

For the past 30 years, plasma etching technology has led in the efforts to shrink the pattern size of ultralarge-scale integrated (ULSI) devices. However, inherent problems in the plasma processes, such as charge buildup and UV photon radiation, limit the etching performance for nanoscale devices. To overcome these problems and fabricate sub-10-nm devices in practice, neutral-beam etching has been proposed. In this paper, I introduce the ultimate etching processes using neutral-beam sources and discuss the fusion of top-down and bottom-up processing for future nanoscale devices. Neutral beams can perform atomically damage-free etching and surface modification of inorganic and organic materials. This technique is a promising candidate for the practical fabrication technology for future nano-devices.
Computer Data Mining and Exploration of the Audit Practice (2011)

Today's fast developing modern information technology not only has a great impact on the social and economic activities but also more importantly has caused the innovation of modern auditing technology. In order to keep pace with the development of modern audit, the author adopted the method of computer data mining to analyze large quantities of data collected from the audited corporate, and work out the feature of the business data collected from the corporate. This could reveal whether the audited corporate has any anomalies, which in turn will help to reduce the quality problems and audit risks in modern audit.
Expression of the human transferrin receptor in subrenal capsule assay in the mouse (1988)

The expression of a cell proliferation marker, the human transferrin receptor, was studied in ten human gastrointestinal tumors prior to and after implantation under the renal capsule in the mouse (1-6 days). These data were compared to the increase in tumor size in situ, and to the infiltration of inflammatory cells. All tumors studied expressed the transferrin receptor prior to implantation. Forty of 47 implants expressed the receptor, the strongest expression occurring on day 4, accompanied by a reorganization of tumor tissue to a morphology similar to that before implantation. On days 5 and 6 the expression of the transferrin receptor declined. Implants showed maximal increase in size on days 1 and 2, decreased in size on days 3 and 4, and increased again on days 5 and 6. The increase in the size of the implants on days 5 and 6 was accompanied by considerable infiltration of inflammatory cells, and was probably mostly a result of invading host cells and inflammation. If size alone is used as a criterion for tumor proliferation in this subrenal capsule assay, day 4 seems to be the most appropriate for evaluation. This is supported by a strong expression of a proliferation marker, the human transferrin receptor, during this time.
Notes - The Preparation of Phthalyl Glycyl dl-β-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine Methyl Ester (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - The Preparation of Phthalyl Glycyl dl-β-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine Methyl EsterJ. O'Neill, F. Veitch, and T. Wagner-JaureggCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 3, 363–364Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1956Publication History Published online3 March 2003Published inissue 1 March 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01109a600https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01109a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wafer level fabrication of high performance MEMS using bonded and thinned bulk piezoelectric substrates (2009)

We report a batch-mode fabrication technology for integration of bulk piezoelectric materials into MEMS devices, and test results of high-performance out-of-plane piezoelectric actuators fabricated with this technology. Low-temperature (200degC), reliable AuIn and Parylene bonding of PZT wafers/dies on Si wafers is achieved, and lapping is used to obtain <10 mum PZT films. Conservation of the piezoelectric properties is confirmed with a hysteresis measurement. Additionally, square and circular shaped PZT diaphragms with 4 mm times 4 mm, 2 mm times 2 mm, and 1 mm times 1 mm sizes operating in the d31-mode are fabricated with a 2-mask fabrication process. Greater than 12 mum peak-to-peak deflection is obtained by actuation of a 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> diaphragm at resonance (110.9 kHz) with a power consumption of <7 mW.
A behavior-based architecture for robots using real-time vision (2002)

A description is given of the Independent Agents Architecture, designed for building behavior-based robots which make use of sophisticated, computationally expensive sensory modalities. Systems built using this architecture have three layers corresponding to perception, behavior, and motor control. The use of a shared perception layer prevents unnecessary redundancy in the processing of sensor data. Robotic tasks are decomposed into independent stimulus/response behaviors, each of which is implemented by a separate agent. The formalism of stimulus/response spaces is introduced to model these sensorimotor behaviors. This formalism provides a method to analyze when behavioral systems are free from potential action conflicts. In addition, it is demonstrated that it is possible to build a robotic system which performs dynamic tasks through the use of qualitative sensorimotor behaviors instead of mathematical models of the physical world. Juggler, a behavior-based balloon-bouncing robot, is an example of such a system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Some Finite Population Unbiased Ratio and Regression Estimators (1959)

Abstract A class of ratio and regression type estimators is given such that the estimators are unbiased for random sampling, without replacement, from a finite population. Non-negative, unbiased estimators of estimator variance are provided for a subclass. Similar results are given for the case of generalized procedures of sampling without replacement. Efficiency is compared with comparable sample selection and estimation methods for this case. * Most of this research was done while the author was associated with Iowa State College. It was completed while he was associated with the RAND Corporation. Notes * Most of this research was done while the author was associated with Iowa State College. It was completed while he was associated with the RAND Corporation.
Bromination of Allopregnane-3,20-dione<sup>1,2</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBromination of Allopregnane-3,20-dione1,2Martin Rubin, Henry Wishinsky, and Franca BompardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 2338–2340Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01149a129https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01149a129research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhancement of radiation response of prostatic carcinoma by lonidamine. (1997)

Potential application of lonidamine (LND) to enhance radiation toxicity in prostate cancer was investigated using human prostate cancer cell lines and a rat tumor model (Dunning MAT LyLu). LND alone was cytotoxic with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) between 0.5 and 0.8 mM. Preincubation with LND increased clonogenic toxicity of radiation. The sensitizer enhancement ratio was 1.8 to 2.2, depending on the cell line tested and it was consistent with inhibition of repair from potentially lethal damage. LND had limited effect in vivo on the Dunning model, consistent with its in vitro effect on the same cell line. LND did not alter the primary growth of the tumor. Fractionated irradiation caused a 40% decrease in tumor growth. LND injection (50 mg/kg) before fractionation did not cause any further decrease in tumor growth. Radiation dose fractionation and the combination treatment significantly reduced tumor metastasis in lungs.
New Depth From Focus Filters in Active Monocular Vision Systems for Indoor 3-D Tracking (2015)

In this paper, new methodologies for the estimation of the depth of a target with unknown dimensions, based on depth from focus strategies, are proposed. The measurements are extracted from images acquired with a single camera, resorting to the minimization of a new functional, deeply rooted on the optical characteristics of the lens system. The analysis and synthesis of two complementary filters and a linear parametrically varying observer are discussed in detail. These estimators use information present on the boundary of the target, which is assumed to be on a plane parallel to the camera sensor, and whose dimensions are considered to remain constant over time. This paper complements a single pan and tilt camera-based indoor positioning and tracking system. To assess the performance of the proposed solutions, a series of indoor experimental tests for a range of operation of up to ten meters, which included tracking and localizing a small unmanned aerial vehicle with unknown dimensions, was carried out. Depth estimates with accuracies on the order of a few centimeters were obtained.
Recurrent generalized lichen nitidus associated with amenorrhea. (1994)

We have developed a technique through which we can multiply melanocytes in culture from a small specimen of normally pigmented buttock skin and reimplant them into depigmented sites of vitiligo. To date, 90 patients have benefited in our hands from such autologous transplantation of pigment cells. Often we have an excess of cells which we would like to store for later use in the event a patient requires further treatment. We report here on 4 cases in which we have cryostored cultured melanocytes for 6-12 months, reimplanted them into vitiliginous sites of the donor after one week of reculture, and obtained optimal repigmentation. We now routinely freeze melanocytes left over after treatment.
Analysis of TDD Cellular Interference Mitigation Using Busy-Bursts (2007)

This paper presents a new analytical framework for the analysis of inter-cellular timeslot allocation over TDMA (time division multiple access) based air-interfaces using TDD (time division duplexing). The analysis is used to evaluate the delay- throughput performance of an adaptive decentralized inter- cell interference mitigation technique that exploits the inherent channel reciprocity of TDD. The main principle is that receivers upon successful transmission of a packet transmit a busy burst on a succeeding minislot. Potential transmitters in neighboring cells sense the minislot prior to signal transmission. With this mechanism, inter-cell interference to the existing link is avoided. The performance of this MAC (medium access control) protocol is compared against blind timeslot allocation. The new MAC protocol is shown to facilitate network self-organization, offering superior delay and throughput compared to the state of the art, with modest overhead and complexity requirements.
Visualization of DNA in agarose gels as migrating colored bands: Applications to laboratory techniques (1994)

We have developed a method to visualize DNA without the use of ethidium bromide and UV radiation. Anionic dyes (colored anion) have long been used in the detection of pharmaceutical amines via ion pairing, here we show that cationic dyes may be used to detect DNA. In gel electrophoresis in which DNA is traveling toward the positive electrode and a cationic dye is traveling toward the negative electrode, we expect ion pairing of the DNA and the dye as they meet in the gel. The dye should bind to the anionic DNA. If the DNA is not completely neutralized by the dye, it should continue to migrate. Ethidium bromide, which is believed to stain DNA primarily by intercalation between bases, exhibits the fluorescence through its cation and also may bind to DNA, to some extent, through ionic pairing. We observed that DNA forms colored bands during electrophoresis in standard agarose gels when a cationic dye is present in the gel and running buffer. DNA in amounts equal to or greater than 80 ng is seen as a discrete migrating colored band in ambient room lighting. Colored bands may be transferred to nitrocellulose by vacuum transfer in room temperature gel dryer,more » Xeroxed, fixed with NaOH and dye removed with dilute detergent. Also, isolation of DNA bands from preparative gels may be accomplished without the typical use of ethidium bromide and UV radiation which are known to alter DNA and pose hazards to laboratory personnel. We are presently investigating the general utility of using dyes to visualize DNA for various laboratory techniques.« less
Blockade of type A, but not type B, CCK receptors postpones satiety in rhesus monkeys (1993)

The exogenous administration of the brain/gut peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) inhibits food intake in a variety of species, including subhuman primates and humans. To determine the role of endogenously released CCK in the control of food intake in rhesus monkeys, we examined the ability of the selective type A and type B CCK antagonists devazepide and L-365260 to affect total daily food intake and various meal patterns. Various doses of the antagonists were administered intragastrically 30 min before a daily 4-h feeding period. One-gram food pellets were delivered in response to lever pulls, and intake was computer monitored. Intragastric administration of the type A CCK receptor antagonist devazepide (10-320 micrograms/kg) significantly increased food intake in a dose-related fashion. The threshold for increasing intake was 32 micrograms/kg, and a maximal effect was obtained at a dose of 100 micrograms/kg that increased total 4-h food intake by 47%. The effect of devazepide on food intake was mediated by significant increases in the size and duration of the initial meal, lengthening of the subsequent intermeal interval, and a decrease in the satiety ratio (intermeal interval/1st meal size). In contrast, intragastric administration of the type B CCK receptor antagonist L-365260 (3.2-320 micrograms/kg) did not significantly affect total food intake or any of the meal parameters. These data demonstrate that endogenously released CCK acting through type A CCK receptors plays a role in regulating food intake in rhesus monkeys.
The role of Syndecan-4 in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (54.23) (2012)

Abstract Syndecan-4 (Syn4), a cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan has been implicated as a critical mediator for inflammatory responses. Recent report has demonstrated that dendritic cell-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent integrin ligand (DC-HIL) binds to Syn4 on activated T cells, resulting in the inhibition of T cell responses. Here, we have investigated the role of Syn4 in the development of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). We have used two RA models; T cell-dependent collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and T cell-independent collagen antibodies-induced arthritis (CAIA) model. In CAIA model, Syn4-wild-type and Syn4-deficient (Syn4 KO) mice showed similar levels of clinical severity. In contrast, in CIA model, Syn4 KO mice revealed attenuated RA development. Syn4 expression was detectable on activated CD4+ T cells and B cells in the draining LN (dLN). Syn4 KO mice showed a tendency to generate reduced numbers of Th1 and Th17 cells in the dLN after immunization, and helper T cells generated in Syn4 KO mice revealed different expression patterns of chemokine receptors. Although both groups showed comparable numbers of Tfh and GC (germinal center) B cells, Syn4 KO mice produced lower level of type-II collagen-specific antibody, as compared with WT mice. These results suggest that Syn4 may regulate the development of RA by modulating T and B cell responses. We are currently investigating if Syn4-deficiency affects the functions of Tfh and GC B cells.
Disturbance model design for linear model predictive control (2002)

Model predictive control (MPC) algorithms typically use a constant output bias for feedback, which can be interpreted by assuming that a constant disturbance perturbs the process output. This assumption leads to sluggish rejection of most real unmeasured disturbances since these disturbances generally enter the loop through state or input channels. An improved performance is often possible by designing an unmeasured disturbance model that explicitly incorporates input and state disturbance effects. A Kalman filter can then be employed to estimate the disturbances, allowing the control algorithm to reject them more quickly. This paper presents design guidelines for a disturbance model that accommodates unmeasured disturbances entering through the process input, state, or output. Conditions that guarantee detectability of the augmented system model are provided. A simulation example illustrates the performance benefits possible through this approach.
The Influence of CSF on EEG Sensitivity Distributions of Multilayered Head Models (2008)

We examined how the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) affects the distribution of electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement sensitivity. We used concentric spheres and realistic head models to investigate the difference between computed-tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) models that exclude the CSF layer. The cortical EEG sensitivity distributions support these phenomena and show that the CSF layer significantly influences them, thus identifying the importance of including the CSF layer inside the head volume conductor models. The results show that the highly conductive CSF channels the current, thus decreasing the maximum cortical current density relative to models that do not include the CSF. We found that the MRI and CT models yielded HSV results 20% and 45%, respectively, too small when compared with CSF-inclusive models.
Identification of Candida species in formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded oral mucosa by sequencing of ribosomal DNA (1996)

Aim-To identify Candida species in formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue by sequencing candidal rDNA.Methods-Target rDNA sequences were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from fresh isolates of Candida and from 18 preserved oral mucosal tissue samples (16 cases of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis and two fibroepithelial polyps), shown histologically to contain Candida. Identification of Candida species within tissue was based on a comparison of the rDNA sequences obtained with those from the fresh isolates of Candida and those present in the GenBank database.Results-The PCR products obtained from 12 of the 18 tissue specimens studied were characteristic of Candida albicans. In two of these cases a second, larger PCR product was obtained and these sequences were characteristic of Candida glabrata.Conclusions-Candidal DNA was amplified successfully from formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue. Sequencing of the PCR product enabled identification of the Candida species present.
Using the WinWin spiral model: a case study (1998)

Fifteen teams used the WinWin spiral model to prototype, plan, specify, and build multimedia applications for USC's Integrated Library System. The authors report lessons learned from this case study and how they extended the model's utility and cost-effectiveness in a second round of projects.
A Novel Method for the Preparation of Inorganic Sulfides and Selenides. I. Binary Materials and Group II–VI Phosphors (2000)

A novel method for the synthesis of a wide range of metal sulfides and selenides is described. Polysulfide solutions formed by the dissolution of sulfur in hydrazine monohydrate have been shown to contain the hexasulfide and tetrasulfide anions. The action of these solutions, or their selenium analogues, with a range of transition and main group metal salt solutions yields a precipitate, which after firing at an elevated temperature, forms a crystalline metal sulfide or selenide. This method of preparing metal chalcogenides has been extended to some group II–VI phosphors with promising luminescent properties. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Conca: An architecture for consistent nomadic content access (2001)

Future access to web-based content is likely to be dominated by two trends: (a) increasing amounts of dynamic, personalized content, and (b) a significant growth in “on-the-move” access using various mobile resource-constrained devices. These trends point to a situation where a user would have ubiquitous access to content, but require that content be efficiently delivered to the user irrespective of location, and in a form most suited to the user’s end device. Unfortunately, classical caching and transcoding solutions do not work well together, necessitating a new caching architecture built from the ground-up to handle problems caused by dynamic content, transcoded versions of objects, and the nomadic nature of users. This paper describes the goals and architecture of such a system: CONCA, an architecture for Consistent Nomadic Content Access.