gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influenza Virus Evades Innate and Adaptive Immunity via the NS1 Protein (2006)

Both antibodies and T cells contribute to immunity against influenza virus infection. However, the generation of strong Th1 immunity is crucial for viral clearance. Interestingly, we found that human dendritic cells (DCs) infected with influenza A virus have lower allospecific Th1-cell stimulatory abilities than DCs activated by other stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide and Newcastle disease virus infection. This weak stimulatory activity correlates with a suboptimal maturation of the DCs following infection with influenza A virus. We next investigated whether the influenza A virus NS1 protein could be responsible for the low levels of DC maturation after influenza virus infection. The NS1 protein is an important virulence factor associated with the suppression of innate immunity via the inhibition of type I interferon (IFN) production in infected cells. Using recombinant influenza and Newcastle disease viruses, with or without the NS1 gene from influenza virus, we found that the induction of a genetic program underlying DC maturation, migration, and T-cell stimulatory activity is specifically suppressed by the expression of the NS1 protein. Among the genes affected by NS1 are those coding for macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta, interleukin-12 p35 (IL-12 p35), IL-23 p19, RANTES, IL-8, IFN-alpha/beta, and CCR7. These results indicate that the influenza A virus NS1 protein is a bifunctional viral immunosuppressor which inhibits innate immunity by preventing type I IFN release and inhibits adaptive immunity by attenuating human DC maturation and the capacity of DCs to induce T-cell responses. Our observations also support the potential use of NS1 mutant influenza viruses as live attenuated influenza virus vaccines.
Decomposition and Vaporization Studies of Hydrogen Peroxide (2002)

Thermal decomposition is an important process in propulsion systems that use hydrogen peroxide. It occurs in the aft end of conventional catalyst beds, in thermal decomposition chambers, during bipropellant reaction in combustion chambers, in liquid film cooling layers, and to some degree in flow channels in regeneratively cooled combustion chambers. Neither a combined vaporization-decomposition model nor a fundamental understanding of the way liquid peroxide vaporizes and decomposes in these high pressure rocket applications exist. This paper provides results from an ongoing experimental study of the combined decomposition-vaporization process of hydrogen peroxide at realistic conditions. In the present work, a liquid spray of high concentration peroxide is injected into a chamber containing a stream of peroxide decomposition products at pressures ranging from 300 to over 800 psia. A decomposition efficiency is determined based on the ratio between measured chamber pressure and chamber pressure calculated by equilibrium chemistry. Experimental parameters include concentration of the liquid peroxide, residence time, mass and momentum ratio between the decomposition stream and the injected liquid, and injection area. Decomposition efficiencies ranging between 10 and 90% were measured. A limited number of highly accurate differential pressure measurements were made to determine local axial pressure gradients. The results indicate that liquid mass fraction is inversely proportional to decomposition efficiency, while residence time and hydrogen peroxide concentration are directly proportional. More testing is required to determine the exact correlations between these and other parameters, primarily momentum ratio.
A secure and anonymous cooperative sensing protocol for cognitive radio networks (2011)

Spectrum is an essential resource for the provision of mobile services. In order to control and delimit its use, governmental agencies set up regulatory policies. Unfortunately, such policies have led to a deficiency of spectrum as only few frequency bands are left unlicensed, and these are used for the majority of new emerging wireless applications. One promising way to alleviate the spectrum shortage problem is adopting a spectrum sharing paradigm in which frequency bands are used opportunistically. Cognitive radio is the key technology to enable this shift of paradigm.
Short Tetracysteine Tags to β-Tubulin Demonstrate the Significance of Small Labels for Live Cell Imaging (2004)

Genetically encoded tags are of fundamental importance for live cell imaging. We show that small tetracysteine (TetCys) tags can be highly advantageous for the functionality of the host protein compared with large fluorescent protein tags. One to three concatenated small TetCys tags as well as the large green fluorescent protein (GFP) were fused by integrative epitope tagging to the C terminus of β-tubulin (Tub2) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The increasing tag size correlated with functional interference to the host protein. Tub2 tagged with either 1×TetCys (10 amino acids [aa]) or 2×TetCys (20 aa) was able to substitute Tub2 in haploid cells. In contrast, C-terminal tagging of Tub2 with 3×TetCys (29 aa) or with GFP (244 aa) resulted in nonviable haploid cells. Cells expressing Tub2-1×TetCys or Tub2-2×TetCys were stained with FlAsH, which selectively binds to the TetCys-tag. The stained cells displayed dynamic FlAsH-labeled microtubules and low cellular background fluorescence. The presented approach to tag open reading frames (ORFs) at their native loci with very small TetCys-tags and the subsequent visualization of the tagged proteins in vivo can be extended in principle to any ORF in S. cerevisiae.
Drought-Induced Alterations In Growth, Osmotic Potential and In Vitro Regeneration of Soybean Cultivars (2008)

Environmental stresses result in water deficiency for the plants, thus impairing its numerous biological roles. In vitro screening for stress tolerance will have its significance in identifying cultivars with optimal stress tolerance and productivity. In the present study, drought-induced alterations in growth, osmotic potential and in vitro shoot multiplication of soybean cultivars from India and Bulgaria were assessed with different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 MW). In vitro callus cultures of both Indian (Hardee and JS 335) and soybean cultivars grown in Bulgarian (Collina and Korada) showed a reduction in callus growth during PEG treatment as compared with the control. The presence of PEG in the medium elevated dry matter content in all treatments compared with the control. Cotyledonary nodal explants subjected to 6 % PEG 6000 treatments resulted in 57.8 % and 68.5 % reduction in shoot induction in case of Hardee and JS 335, respectively, compared with the control. Our results can be used for in vitro screening and manipulations of soybean cultivars for improvement of drought tolerance.
Gamma activity and reactivity in human thalamic local field potentials (2009)

Depth recordings in patients with Parkinson's disease on dopaminergic therapy have revealed a tendency for oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia that is sharply tuned to frequencies of approximately 70 Hz and increases with voluntary movement. It is unclear whether this activity is essentially physiological and whether it might be involved in arousal processes. Here we demonstrate an oscillatory activity with similar spectral characteristics and motor reactivity in the human thalamus. Depth signals were recorded in 29 patients in whom the ventral intermediate or centromedian nucleus were surgically targeted for deep brain stimulation. Thirteen patients with four different pathologies showed sharply tuned activity centred at approximately 70 Hz in spectra of thalamic local field potential (LFP) recordings. This activity was modulated by movement and, critically, varied over the sleep-wake cycle, being suppressed during slow wave sleep and re-emergent during rapid eye movement sleep, which physiologically bears strong similarities with the waking state. It was enhanced by startle-eliciting stimuli, also consistent with modulation by arousal state. The link between this pattern of thalamic activity and that of similar frequency in the basal ganglia was strengthened by the finding that fast thalamic oscillations were lost in untreated parkinsonian patients, paralleling the behaviour of this activity in the basal ganglia. Furthermore, there was sharply tuned coherence between thalamic and pallidal LFP activity at approximately 70 Hz in eight out of the 11 patients in whom globus pallidus and thalamus were simultaneously implanted. Subcortical oscillatory activity at approximately 70 Hz may be involved in movement and arousal.
An effective visibility culling method based on cache block (2006)

As the complexity of 3D scenes is on the increase, the search for an effective visibility culling method has become one of the most important issues to be addressed in the design of 3D rendering processors. Here, we propose a new rasterization pipeline with visibility culling; the proposed architecture performs the visibility culling at an early stage of the rasterization pipeline (especially at the traversal stage) by retrieving data in a pixel cache without any significant hardware logics such as the hierarchical z-buffer. If the data to be retrieved does not exist in the pixel cache, the proposed architecture performs a prefetch operation in order to reduce the miss penalty of the pixel cache. That is, the cache miss penalty can be reduced as the transfer of a missed cache block from the frame memory into the pixel cache can be handled simultaneously with the rasterization pipeline executions. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture can achieve a performance gain of about 32% compared with the conventional pretexturing architecture and about 7% compared to the hierarchical z-buffer visibility scheme.
Elastic properties of adhesive polymers. I. Polymer films by means of electronic speckle pattern interferometry (2006)

Abstract The elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of seven different polymers frequently used as wood adhesives and/or matrix polymers in wood‐ and natural‐fibre‐reinforced composites, respectively, were determined by means of tensile tests. Specimen deformation during testing was measured by means of a mechanical extensometer and an electronic speckle pattern interferometry system, respectively. The results from both methods show an excellent correlation for the elastic modulus. The elastic moduli of the studied polymers cover a wide range from 0.47 GPa for polyurethane to 6.3 GPa for melamine–urea–formaldehyde, whereas Poisson's ratios show less variability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3936–3939, 2007
A Low-Flicker Noise Gate-Controlled Lateral–Vertical Bipolar Junction Transistor Array With 55-nm CMOS Technology (2011)

The low-flicker noise ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{1}/f$</tex></formula> noise) gate-controlled lateral–vertical bipolar junction transistor array (GC-LV-BJTA) is developed with a foundry's 55-nm CMOS technology for low-noise and low-power RF circuit applications. The GC-LV-BJTA is formed by paralleling some unit cells into an array structure for sharing adjacent collectors and bases, thus minimizing the total area. Many efforts, including the use of a deep n-well, a novel layout, an optimized emitter perimeter/area ratio, and a negatively biased gate, have been implemented to suppress the noise level and enhance the current gain. As a result, the GC-LV-BJTA, consisting of 16 unit cells with a 0.16- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex> </formula> gate length, achieves a high gain of 85.7 with available low <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$ \hbox{1}/f$</tex></formula> noise level, as compared with the nMOS or SiGe HBT.
Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Correlate With Disease Stage and Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients (2005)

Low pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels and high tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels correlate with parameters of colorectal cancer disease. These correlations may be used in the search for new markers in colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
High Performance Control of Grid Connected Cascaded H-Bridge Active Rectifier Based on Type II-Fuzzy Logic Controller with Low Frequency Modulation Technique (2016)

This paper tries to employ a fuzzy logic (FL) controller type II to control the Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) active rectifier. This controller has strong performance, specially, when a low switching frequency Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) method is used. In order to regulate all of the DC link voltages, the optimum voltage balancing strategy in the low frequency modulation technique is used in the proposed method. Finally, the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method is validated in MATLAB environment. All the simulation and result has been simulated by MATLAB software.
The Cutaneous "Rabbit": A Perceptual Illusion (1972)

Anomalous localizations of mechanical and electrical cutaneous pulses are produced when widely separated bodily points are successively stimulated with trains of taps. The observer experiences a manifold of discrete "phantom" impressions connecting the points actually touched. The theoretical basis for this perceptual phenomenon is not understood, but some boundary conditions are specified.
Solution structure of 2′,5′ d(G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>) (2004)

The NMR structure of 2',5' d(GGGGCCCC) was determined to gain insights into the structural differences between 2',5'- and 3',5'-linked DNA duplexes that may be relevant in elucidating nature's choice of sugar-phosphate links to encode genetic information. The oligomer assumes a duplex with extended nucleotide repeats formed out of mostly N-type sugar puckers. With the exception of the 5'-terminal guanine that assumes the syn glycosyl conformation, all other bases prefer the anti glycosyl conformation. Base pairs in the duplex exhibit slide (-1.96 A) and intermediate values for X-displacement (-3.23 A), as in ADNA, while their inclination to the helical axis is not prominent. Major and minor grooves display features intermediate to A and BDNA. The duplex structure of iso d(GGGGCCCC) may therefore be best characterized as a hybrid of A and BDNA. Importantly, the results confirm that even 3' deoxy 2',5' DNA supports duplex formation only in the presence of distinct slide (>or=-1.6 A) and X-displacement (>or=-2.5 A) for base pairs, and hence does not favor an ideal BDNA topology characterized by their near-zero values. Such restrictions on base pair movements in 2',5' DNA, which are clearly absent in 3',5' DNA, are expected to impose constraints on its ability for deformability of the kind observed in DNA during its compaction and interaction with proteins. It is therefore conceivable that selection pressure relating to the optimization of topological features might have been a factor in the rejection of 2',5' links in preference to 3',5' links.
Identification of immunodominant linear epitopes from SARS-CoV-2 patient plasma (2020)

Abstract A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the source of a current pandemic (COVID-19) with devastating consequences in public health and economic stability. Using a peptide array to map the antibody response of plasma from healing patients, we identified immunodominant linear epitopes corresponding to key proteolytic sites on the spike protein.
Anti-tumor necrosis factor VNAR single domains reduce lethality and regulate underlying inflammatory response in a murine model of endotoxic shock (2013)

Anti-TNF VNAR single domains improved survival in a murine model of endotoxic shock. Protection was associated with regulation in the TNF/IL-10 balance, attenuation of IL-6 and iNOS gene expression in the liver as well as decreased serum IL-6 concentration.
Anhydrous Proton Conductive Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid Membranes (2005)

A novel anhydrous proton conducting polymer electrolyte based on polystyrene sulfonic acid, PSSA and benzimidazole (BnIm) was synthesized. The PSSA-BnIm interactions were studied by FT-IR. The thermal properties of the blends were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The proton conductivities of these materials were measured by AC impedance technique. The conductivities of these materials increase with increasing BnIm content and temperature and maximum conductivity was found to be approximately 5 \\times 10-4 S/cm at 150 °C.
EFFECT OF INCUBATION TEMPERATURE ON THE MACROMOLECULAR AND LIPID CONTENT OF THE PHYTOFLAGELLATE OCHROMONAS DANICA (1973)

Ochromonas danica grown in a chemically defined medium under controlled conditions at different incubation temperatures showed marked changes in chemical composition and secretory pattern. As the incubation temperature rose from 15 to 30 C, the cell number per unit volume of medium increased; the cell mass reached a maximum and then declined slightly, and the weight per single cell decreased. The chemical composition of the cells changed with increasing temperature: carbohydrates decreased dramatically; proteins quadrupled at 20 C and then declined 25%; lipids increased; and RNA increased to 25 C and then decreased to about 40% of maximum at 30 C. The extracellular secretion by the cells of carbohydrates seemed to increase and then decline; RNA decreased; proteins increased; and lipids remained approximately constant, as the temperature increased. The implications of these findings for thermal pollution are discussed.
A transformational framework for the automatic control of derived data (1981)

This paper investigates the specification, implementation and application of derived data in the context of a functional/binary association data model. A framework for the automatic maintenance of derived data is presented. This framework is based on the transformational techniques of finite differencing in which repeated costly computations are replaced by more efficient incremental counterparts. Applications of this approach to summary data, integrity control, and triggers are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Cleavage of meso‐Nitrodiol Diacetates by an Esterase Concentrate from Fresh Pig Liver: Preparation of Useful Nitroaliphatic Building Blocks for EPC Syntheses. (1987)

Abstract Diacetates of meso‐2‐nitro‐1,3‐diols, readily prepared from nitroalkanes and aldehydes, are saponified by pig liver esterase (PLE) to yield the enantiomerically pure monoacetates.
Is walking a random walk? Evidence for long-range correlations in stride interval of human gait (1995)

Complex fluctuations of unknown origin appear in the normal gait pattern. These fluctuations might be described as being 1) uncorrelated white noise, 2) short-range correlations, or 3) long-range correlations with power-law scaling. To test these possibilities, the stride interval of 10 healthy young men was measured as they walked for 9 min at their usual rate. From these time series, we calculated scaling indexes by using a modified random walk analysis and power spectral analysis. Both indexes indicated the presence of long-range self-similar correlations extending over hundreds of steps; the stride interval at any time depended on the stride interval at remote previous times, and this dependence decayed in a scale-free (fractallike) power-law fashion. These scaling indexes were significantly different from those obtained after random shuffling of the original time series, indicating the importance of the sequential ordering of the stride interval. We demonstrate that conventional models of gait generation fail to reproduce the observed scaling behavior and introduce a new type of central pattern generator model that successfully accounts for the experimentally observed long-range correlations.
Sodium Thiosulfate: Calciphylaxis (2015)

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label Drug Facts, a publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label Drug Facts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific drug uses that are unapproved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This new guide to the literature enables the health care professional or clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information before patient care decisions are made. Direct questions or comments regarding Off-Label Drug Uses to jgeneral@ku.edu.
Using <scp>DNA</scp> Fragments as Probes (1993)

All hybridization methods depend upon the ability of denatured DNA to reanneal when complementary strands are present in an environment near but below their Tm (melting temperature). A detailed procedure is described in which bacteriophage plaques or bacterial colonies bound to a filter membrane are detected by hybridization with a radioactive probe. Hybridization proceeds on prewet filters placed in a sealable plastic bag. After hybridization the filters are removed from the sealed bag, excess probe is washed off, and the filters are autoradiographed to identify the clones that have hybridized with the probe. An Alternate Protocol differs mainly in that formamide is not used in the hybridization solution.
[The characteristics of 62 cases of CD20-positive multiple myeloma]. (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics of mutiple myeloma patients with CD20 expression. METHODS: Review the data of mutiple myeloma patients and analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics of CD20 positive patients, compared with CD20 negative patients. RESULTS: ①Totally 465 cases of newly-diagnosed MM were collected with CD20 expression status detected by multi-color flow cytometry. Sixty two patients(13.3%) were CD20 positive and the others were negative. ②No statistical differences were found between CD20 positive and negative groups about the sex ratio, age predominance, D-S staging, ISS staging, renal insufficiency rate, platelet count, LDH level and classifications by paraprotein (all P value >0.05). ③Compared with those of CD20 negative patients, the hemoglobulin value(74.5 g/Lvs 83.5 g/L, P=0.021), extramedullary involvement rate (3.5% vs 13.7%, P= 0.029), CD56-positive rate (36.7% vs68.8%, P=0.000), t(4;14) translocation rate (2.4% vs 24.0%, P= 0.001) in CD20 positive patients were lower statistically. ④Compared with those of CD20 negative patients, the percentage of plasma cells (0.400 vs 0.295,P=0.045) by marrow smear differential counting, the percentage of myeloma cells (20.0% vs 6.8%, P=0.000) by multi-color flow cytometry analysis, CD45-positive rate (12.1% vs 4.5%, P=0.018), CD79a-positive rate (9.8% vs1.5%, P=0.013) and t(11;14) translocation rate (60.5% vs 14.4%, P=0.000) in CD20 positive patients were higher statistically. ⑤There was no statistical differences about the overall response rate (ORR), complete response rate (CRR), TTP(time to progression), PFS (progression free survival) and overall survival (OS) between CD20 positive and negative groups. CONCLUSION: CD20 positive rate is 13.3% in multiple myeloma pateints according to our data. CD20 poaitive myeloma were prone to residing in bone marrow and affecting erythropoiesis. Atypical immunophenotypes were more common, and the incidence of t(11;14) were increased markedly while that of t(4;14) were rare for CD20 positive multiple myeloma.