gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Q multilayer spiral inductor on silicon chip for 5/spl sim/6 GHz (2002)

High Q-values of spiral inductors at frequency around 5/spl sim/6 GHz have been achieved with a multilayer spiral (MLS) structure on a high loss silicon substrate. Compared to a one-layer spiral (OLS) inductor, the Q-value of a 4-nH inductor has been improved by about 80% at 5.65 GHz. The impact of the structure on Q-value and resonant frequency has been analyzed, which shows that an optimal height for the via of MLS inductors should be considered when inductors are designed. The fabrication process is compatible with Cu/SiO/sub 2/ interconnect technology.
Sensory transduction in <i>Escherichia coli</i> : Role of a protein methylation reaction in sensory adaptation (1977)

The behavioral response of Escherichia coli to the addition of a stimulatory compound is transient; thus the organism undergoes sensory adaptation. When the compound is removed, E. coli undergoes the inverse process, called deadaptation, and very rapidly regains its sensitivity to the stimulus. In this communication we demonstrate that the previously reported methylation of several cytoplasmic membrane proteins is correlated with, and very likely controls, the state of adaptation of the cell. In the absence of an added stimulus these proteins are methylated to a basal level. When the bacteria are stimulated by the addition of an attractant, the extent of methylation increases over a period of several minutes to a new level, which is maintained as long as the attractant is present. The magnitude of the increase in methylation is a function of the size of the stimulus and is directly proportional to the duration of the behavioral response. Upon removal of the attractant the level of methylation very rapidly falls to the basal value. Previously we have shown that adaptation requires methionine, but maintenance of the adapted state and de-adaptation do not [Springer, M. S., Goy, M. F. & Adler, J. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 183-187]; here we demonstrate that methylation requires methionine but maintenance of an attractant-induced level of methylation and the demethylation that occurs following removal of the attractant do not. These results strongly indicate a role for protein methylation in sensory adaptation.
Crowd IQ -- Aggregating Opinions to Boost Performance (2024)

We show how the quality of decisions based on the aggregated opinions of the crowd can be conveniently studied using a sample of individual responses to a standard IQ questionnaire. We aggregated the responses to the IQ questionnaire using simple majority voting and a machine learning approach based on a probabilistic graphical model. The score for the aggregated questionnaire, Crowd IQ, serves as a quality measure of decisions based on aggregating opinions, which also allows quantifying individual and crowd performance on the same scale. We show that Crowd IQ grows quickly with the size of the crowd but saturates, and that for small homogeneous crowds the Crowd IQ significantly exceeds the IQ of even their most intelligent member. We investigate alternative ways of aggregating the responses and the impact of the aggregation method on the resulting Crowd IQ. We also discuss Contextual IQ, a method of quantifying the individual participant's contribution to the Crowd IQ based on the Shapley value from cooperative game theory.
A new computerized method for finding effective velocity from reversed reflection traveltime data (1979)

Abstract A new computerized method is developed using a pair of direct and reversed reflection traveltime curves from two reciprocal shotpoints for finding effective velocity (V eff ) appropriate to the depth of the common-reflection-point (CRP) for a dipping reflector. For the two sets of traveltime data, least-square fits are made to T 2 versus (X 2 + 4Xd sin theta ), where T is the traveltime for recording distance X, theta is the dip of the reflector, and d is the perpendicular distance from the shotpoint to the reflector. The observed convergence of d for any assumed reflector dip theta makes it possible to scan through a wide range of theta values by an iterative process until the velocities computed by the direct and reversed traveltime data agree within the required tolerance limit, which then yields the appropriate effective velocity, and the corresponding theta is the true dip of the reflector. This method simultaneously yields an optimum migrated depth cross-section. It is also possible to study, by this method, velocity distribution in both vertical and lateral directions in the subsurface area under investigation.
Universal Near-Infrared and Mid-Infrared Optical Modulation for Ultrafast Pulse Generation Enabled by Colloidal Plasmonic Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2016)

Field effect relies on the nonlinear current-voltage relation in semiconductors; analogously, materials that respond nonlinearly to an optical field can be utilized for optical modulation. For instance, nonlinear optical (NLO) materials bearing a saturable absorption (SA) feature an on-off switching behavior at the critical pumping power, thus enabling ultrafast laser pulse generation with high peak power. SA has been observed in diverse materials preferably in its nanoscale form, including both gaped semiconductor nanostructures and gapless materials like graphene; while the presence of optical bandgap and small carrier density have limited the active spectral range and intensity. We show here that solution-processed plasmonic semiconductor nanocrystals exhibit superbroadband (over 400 THz) SA, meanwhile with large modulation depth (∼7 dB) and ultrafast recovery (∼315 fs). Optical modulators fabricated using these plasmonic nanocrystals enable mode-locking and Q-switching operation across the near-infrared and mid-infrared spectral region, as exemplified here by the pulsed lasers realized at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.8 μm bands with minimal pulse duration down to a few hundreds of femtoseconds. The facile accessibility and superbroadband optical nonlinearity offered by these nonconventional plasmonic nanocrystals may stimulate a growing interest in the exploiting of relevant NLO and photonic applications.
The expression of Leu M4 on human NK cells. (1985)

Previous studies have shown that the Leu M4 monoclonal antibody reacts strongly with human granulocytes in the peripheral blood, has a weak reactivity with monocytes but fails to react with platelets, eosinophils and K-562 cells. In the present study Leu M4 antibody was found to react with human NK cells. Immunofluorescent analysis indicated that about 12% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) are positive for this marker, and that the reactive cells are concentrated in the Percoll fraction known to display the strongest NK activity. Exposure of PBL to Leu M4 and complement resulted in a significant decrease of their NK activity. The relationship of Leu M4 to other monoclonal antibodies reactive with human neutrophils and NK cells remains to be elucidated.
Liver enzyme induction and inhibition: implications for anaesthesia (2006)

Recent breakthroughs in molecular biology have enabled a reclassification of drug metabolising enzymes based on their amino acid sequence. This has led to a better understanding of drug metabolism and drug interactions. The majority of these drug metabolising enzymes may be either induced or inhibited by drugs or by extraneous substances including foodstuffs, cigarette smoke and environmental pollutants. Virtually all drugs used in anaesthesia are metabolised by either hepatic phase 1 or phase II enzymes. This review considers the classification of drug metabolising enzymes, explains the mechanisms of enzyme induction and inhibition, and also considers how the action of drugs commonly used by anaesthetists, including opioids and neuromuscular blocking drugs, may be altered by this mechanism.
Battery Evaluation for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2005)

This paper outlines the development of a battery system test regime for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The test regime is focused on a specific vehicle, the plug-in hybrid Electric Sprinter Van jointly developed by DaimlerChrysler and the Electric Power Research Institute. This paper describes an ongoing process to validate the cycle life performance of advanced batteries subjected to a PHEV duty cycle. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles share many component and powertrain architecture commonalities with power assist hybrid electric vehicles-but with the ability to recharge a larger energy storage system from off-board electrical power. The PHEV has unique battery requirements that often require a compromise between the high energy battery systems required by battery electric vehicles (BEV) and the high power energy storage systems used in power assist hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The duty cycle is generally a combination of deep and shallow discharge behavior found respectively in BEVs and HEVs and is dependent on both vehicle requirements and the energy management strategy of the hybrid powertrain.
Use of fall cones to determine Atterberg limits: a review (2019)

The authors have presented an interesting review of the use of fall cones to determine Atterberg limits (O
Nanosized Metal Oxide and Nanobelts Prepared by Selective Dealloying of Ti-Based Amorphous Powders (2013)

Two typical nanomaterials, nanosized metal oxides and nanobelts, are obtained in one-pot selective dealloying process by using multiple-component Ti-based amorphous powders as dealloying precursors. The microstructure and photoelectric conversion property of the as-synthesized Zr-doped nanobelts are comprehensively investigated. Particularly, a core-shell structure, for example, residual amorphous alloy as the microsized core and nanosized metal oxide composites (mainly TiO2 and CuO) as the shell, forms as a byproduct of the selective dealloying. These resultant metal oxide composites show large specific surface area, and superior adsorption efficiency and capacity for removing toxic Cr(6+) in aqueous solution. The differences in the standard electrode potentials between the multiple-component elements in amorphous powders trigger their selective dealloying in alkaline solutions.
Model-Based Development of Neural Prostheses for Movement (2007)

Neural prostheses for restoration of limb movement in paralyzed and amputee patients tend to be complex systems. Subjective intuition and trial-and-error approaches have been applied to the design and clinical fitting of simple systems with limited functionality. These approaches are time consuming, difficult to apply in larger scale, and not applicable to limbs under development with more anthropomorphic motion and actuation. The field of neural prosthetics is in need of more systematic methods, including tools that will allow users to develop accurate models of neural prostheses and simulate their behavior under various conditions before actual manufacturing or clinical application. Such virtual prototyping would provide an efficient and safe test-bed for narrowing the design choices and tuning the control parameters before actual clinical application. We describe a software environment that we have developed to facilitate the construction and modification of accurate mathematical models of paralyzed and prosthetic limbs and simulate their movement under various neural control strategies. These simulations can be run in real time with a stereoscopic display to enable design engineers and prospective users to evaluate a candidate neural prosthetic system and learn to operate it before actually receiving it.
Analysis and Removal of Artifacts in 3-D LADAR Data (2006)

Errors in laser based range measurements can be divided into two categories: intrinsic sensor errors (range drift with temperature, systematic and random errors), and errors due to the interaction of the laser beam with the environment. The former have traditionally received attention and can be modeled. The latter in contrast have long been observed but not well characterized. We propose to do so in this paper. In addition, we present a sensor independent method to remove such artifacts. The objective is to improve the overall quality of 3-D scene reconstruction to perform terrain classification of scenes with vegetation.
Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia with Neomycin — A Time for Reappraisal (1979)

IN 1958 a serendipitous observation led to the discovery that oral administration of small doses of neomycin reduced the concentration of plasma cholesterol in man.1 Neomycin is a nonabsorbable aminoglycoside antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity. Since intramuscular administration of small absorbed amounts (<3 per cent of the oral dose) fails to alter cholesterol levels, the action of the drug appears to depend on its presence within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.2 My colleagues and I have studied the effects of 22 additional antibacterial drugs on plasma cholesterol levels in man; kanamycin, chlortetracycline, paromomycin, chloramphenicol and para-aminosalicylic acid . . .
Addition of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition to conventional cytotoxic therapy reduces tumor implantation and prolongs survival in a murine model of human pancreatic cancer. (2000)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in basement membrane degradation, a critical step in invasion of cancer cells. We have previously shown that MMP inhibition of pancreatic cancers improves survival and decreases MMP production in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine whether BB-94 was better than cytotoxic therapy and would increase the efficacy of cytotoxic therapy (gemcitabine) in a murine model of human pancreatic cancer. A human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (HPAC) was injected into the pancreata of BALB/c nu/nu mice. The mice were randomized 7 days after cancer cell injection to receive vehicle control, BB-94, gemcitabine, or gemcitabine and BB-94 until death or sacrifice at 84 days. At necropsy, tumors were harvested, and the relative enzyme activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by gelatin zymography. Active MMP-2 levels in serum were determined using an ELISA technique. Combination treatment with gemcitabine and BB-94 significantly reduced implantation rates and improved survival in mice with documented orthotopic tumors compared with either therapy alone or control. Tumor levels of active and latent MMP-2 were higher than those of MMP-9 in both treated and control mice. There was a significant reduction of tumor MMP-2 activity in mice treated with BB-94, gemcitabine, or gemcitabine and BB-94. Serum levels of active MMP-2 were reduced in all treated groups, with the greatest reduction occurring in mice treated with gemcitabine and BB-94. Combination therapy with gemcitabine and BB-94 reduces cancer implantation and improves survival compared to treatment with BB-94, gemcitabine, or vehicle control alone. MMP production was reduced in all treated groups, reflecting reduced tumor progression, which was particularly seen with combination therapy with gemcitabine and BB-94. This study supports combining MMP inhibition with cytotoxic therapy (gemcitabine) for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Spectroscopic study on chemical structure of plasma‐polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane (1985)

Abstract A plasma‐polymerized material was produced from hexamethyldisiloxane vapor by a glow discharge polymerization technique. Spectroscopic interpretation of the chemical structure of the polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane was studied by spectroscopic means such as IR, XPS, and NMR. The plasma polymer was barely soluble in the usual organic solvents, although it contained a small amount of the monomer and its oligomers. The IR spectrum indicated that the polymer consisted of SiCH 3 , SiO, SiCH 2 , and SiH groups. The surface of the polymer was found to retain structural units similar to the monomer from the XPS measurement. On the other hand, the 13 C and 29 Si high‐resolution, solid‐state NMR measurements revealed that the plasma polymer was highly crosslinked with a variety of conformations and a number of O atoms surrounding a Si atom. Results from the XPS and NMR spectra suggested that the bulk of the polymer was more oxidized than the surface layer; Si atom was preferentially oxidized. A hypothetical chemical structure was proposed for the polymerized hexamethyl‐disiloxane.
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant <EMPH TYPE="ITAL">Staphylococcus aureus</EMPH> in Children With No Identified Predisposing Risk (1998)

These findings demonstrate that the prevalence of community-acquired MRSA among children without identified risk factors is increasing.
<title>Multiview autosterescopic display with floating real image</title> (2004)

This paper proposes multiview version of autostereoscopic display FLOATS (Fresnel Lens based Optical Apparatus for Touchable-distance Stereoscopy), which combines generation of floating real image and parallax presentation to show realistic 3-D image within the viewer's reach. Earlier versions of FLOATS have required a head tracker, physical motion control of filters or mirrors, and transformation of image in accordance with the viewer's motion to keep on presenting different images to each eye. To do away with these requirements, we propose two methods which realize multiview presentation to the viewer. One method is to use multiple LCD panels and multiple fixed mirrors instead of mobile mirrors. The other method is to use mutiple projectors, fly-eye lenses, and fresnel lenses. Though the former system doesn't cost much, it is not practical to present more than 10 views. In the latter system it is practical to present more than 30 views, which can realize presentation of both horizontal and vertical parallax. With this technology the viewers can perceive undistorted 3-D space from any angle, which makes it possible for multiple viewers to observe 3-D image at consistent position from different angles at the same time.
Efficient testing of segmented aspherical mirrors by use of reference plate and computer-generated holograms I Theory and system optimization (2004)

Telescopes with large aspherical primary mirrors collect more light and are therefore sought after by astronomers. Instead of large mirrors as a single piece, they can be made by use of numerous smaller segments. Because the segments must fit together to create the effect of a single mirror, segmented optics present unique challenges to fabrication and testing that are absent for monolithic optics. We have developed a new method for measuring large quantities of segments accurately, quickly, and economically using an interferometric test plate and computer-generated hologram (CGH). In this test, the aspheric mirror segments are interferometrically measured by use of a test plate with a best-fit spherical surface. The aspherical departure is accommodated with a small CGH that is imaged onto the test plates. The radius of curvature is tightly controlled by maintaining the gap between the test plate and the segment. We present a summary of the test and give the basic design tradeoffs for using a single system to measure all of the segments of a large aspheric mirror.
Organogermanium Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Masked-carboxyethylgermanium Sesquioxide (GE-132) and Related Compounds with One Triethanolamine Component (1987)

The synthesis, s t r u c t u r e , and properties o f maskedcarboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) and r e l a t e d compounds w i t h one triethanolamine component were investigated.The h y d r o l y s i s of these compounds afforded triethanolamine and trihydroxygermylpropanoic a c i d d e r i v a t i v e s
Wavelength conversion by optimized monolithic integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (1996)

Semiconductor optical amplifiers have been monolithic integrated in a passive symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer to form a compact polarization insensitive all-optical wavelength converter operating at up to 10 Gb/s. A simple method for reducing the impact of input power variations is proposed that increases the input power dynamic range from 4-8 dB.
Microdosimetry: Experimental Methods and Applications (2017)

Experimental microdosimetry deals with the measurement of charged particle energy deposition in tissue equivalent volumes, ranging in size from nanometres to micrometres. Microdosimetry is employed to improve our understanding of the relationship between radiation energy deposition, the resulting biological effects, and the appropriate quantities to be used in characterizing and quantifying radiation quality. Although many reviews and contributions to the field have been published over the past fifty years, this new book is the first to provide a single, up to date, and easily accessible account of experimental microdosimetry. This book is designed to be used in medical, radiation, and health physics courses and by Master’s and PhD students. In addition to serving as an introductory text to the field for graduate students, this book will also be of interest as a teaching and reference resource for graduate supervisors and established researchers. Drs. Lennart Lindborg and Anthony Waker have spent a life-time career in experimental microdosimetry research in academic, industrial and regulatory environments and have observed the development of the field from its early days as a recognized discipline; they bring to this book particular knowledge and experience in the design, construction, operation and use of tissue equivalent gas ionization counters and chambers.
<title>Determination of exhaust composition in turbine test beds by FTIR emission spectrometry</title> (1999)

A modified mid-size low by-pass aero-engine running on a sea level test bed was used for measurements with non-intrusive demonstrator systems and currently used gas sampling analysis techniques. A novel open-path White mirror system was developed and installed in the test bed to enhance the sensitivity of non-intrusive FTIR spectrometry. A comparison was made of the different measurement techniques at several engine thrust levels i.e. gas concentrations. This included the emission and absorption mode of the FTIR-spectrometers with the multi-path reflection compartment as well as the single emission mode. A new calibration procedure with a hot cell filled with CO (temperatures 300 to 750 K) was developed and used to calibrate the FTIR instruments. Retrieval results from FTIR measurements were obtained by using a rectangular and Gaussian distribution profile of temperature and gas concentrations in the plume. The FTIR measurement results for CO<SUB>2</SUB>, CO, and NO have been proven to be in agreement with the intrusive data. The deviations were generally in the order of plus or minus 30%, i.e. comparable to the day-to-day variations of the engine emissions. NO<SUB>2</SUB> could be detected in the absorption mode only.
ATM based transport architecture for multiservices wireless personal communication networks (2002)

This paper presents an ATM based transport architecture for next-generation multiservices personal communication networks (PCN). Such "multimedia capable" integrated services wireless networks are motivated by an anticipated demand for wireless extensions to future broadband networks. An ATM based wireless network concept capable of supporting a mix of broadband ISDN services including constant bit-rate (CBR), variable, bit-rate (VBR) and packet data transport is explored from an architectural viewpoint. The proposed system uses a hierarchical ATM switching network for interconnection of PCN microcells, each of which is serviced by high-speed, shared-access radio links based on ATM-compatible cell relay principles. Design issues related to the physical, media access control (MAC) and data link layers of the ATM-based radio link are discussed, and preliminary technical approaches are identified in each case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>