gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initiator‐fragment incorporation radical polymerization of divinylbenzene in the presence of glyoxylic oxime ether: Formation of soluble hyperbranched polymer (2003)

Abstract The copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) and ethylstyrene (EtSt) was carried out at 70 and 80 °C in benzene with dimethyl 2,2‐azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) at high concentrations as initiator in the presence of methyl benzyloxyiminoacetate (MBOIA), a glyoxylic oxime ether, as a retarder. The copolymerization system of DVB (0.25 mol/L), EtSt (0.25 mol/L), MBOIA (0.5 mol/L), and MAIB (0.5 mol/L) gave benzene‐soluble copolymers despite a considerably high concentration of DVB as an excellent crosslinker. The yield and molecular weight of the resulting copolymers increased with time both at 70 and 80 °C and then leveled off because of initiator consumption. The homogeneous polymerization system involved electron spin resonance (ESR), observable nitrogen‐centered polymer radicals (MBOIA·) under the actual polymerization conditions. The MBOIA· concentration increased with time despite a homogeneous polymerization system, suggesting the formation of rigid hyperbranched polymers. A benzene solution of isolated copolymer also showed an ESR signal. The copolymer was soluble in acetone, toluene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, and N , N ‐dimethylformamide but insoluble in n ‐hexane, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. MAIB fragments as high as 30–40 mol % were incorporated into the copolymers through initiation and primary radical termination, on the basis of which this polymerization was named the initiator‐fragment incorporation radical polymerization . MBOIA (13–16 mol%) was also incorporated into the copolymers through an opening of the CN bond. The intrinsic viscosity of the copolymers was very low (0.08 dL/g), and the reduced viscosity was almost independent of the polymer concentration, supporting a hyperbranched structure of them. Gel permeation chromatography and multi‐angle laser light scattering and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the copolymer was formed as a hyperbranched nanoparticle. The thermal behavior of the copolymer was examined by dynamic thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3038–3047, 2003
Facile Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticle Modified Carbon Black for Electroanalysis: Application to the Detection of Hydrazine (2011)

Abstract Carbon black nanoparticles modified with palladium nanoparticles (Pd/CB) were prepared using a facile methodology. Stirring CB in an aqueous solution of palladium chloride was found to result in the spontaneous formation of Pd nanoparticles on the CB surface. The Pd/CB composite demonstrated high electrocatalytic activity towards hydrazine oxidation, with good stability and reproducibility. Three linear dynamic ranges of hydrazine determination were found between 5 µM and 50 mM. The limit of detection ( LOD ) for hydrazine was found to be 8.8 µM (based on 3 σ ). The sensitivity of unmodified CB to trace metal impurities present in certain common electrolytes is also noted.
Green lights forever: analyzing the security of traffic infrastructure (2014)

The safety critical nature of traffic infrastructure requires that it be secure against computer-based attacks, but this is not always the case. We investigate a networked traffic signal system currently deployed in the United States and discover a number of security flaws that exist due to systemic failures by the designers. We leverage these flaws to create attacks which gain control of the system, and we successfully demonstrate them on the deployment in coordination with authorities. Our attacks show that an adversary can control traffic infrastructure to cause disruption, degrade safety, or gain an unfair advantage. We make recommendations on how to improve existing systems and discuss the lessons learned for embedded systems security in general.
Monitoring the state of health of VRLA batteries through ohmic measurements (2002)

This paper is based on a joint study conducted by Lucent Technologies and Sprint Florida on monitoring the state of health of valve-regulated Pb-acid (VRLA) batteries. The purpose of the study was to see whether ohmic techniques (impedance, resistance and conductance) can accurately predict the state of charge and state of health of the batteries. This study consisted of field testing as well as accelerated laboratory testing. Comparison of the commercial meters and recommendations on minimizing the measurement errors have also been made.
The power system failure on July 23, 1987 in Tokyo (2003)

A power system failure occurred at 1:19 p.m. on July 23, 1987, in the service area of the Tokyo Electric Power Company Inc. The unusually hot weather led to concentrated mass consumption of electricity, causing a failure which affected 2.8 million customers in the area. There were three major causes of this failure: the power demand level on that day was unusually high; the rate of demand increase exceeded previous levels; and air conditioners which have characteristics such that a fall in voltage leads to a rise in current are in widespread use in Japan. The failure is analysed and countermeasures to mitigate future power failures are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural determinants of the partial agonist‐inverse agonist properties of 6′‐azidohex‐2′‐yne‐Δ<sup>8</sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol at cannabinoid receptors (1999)

1. We have extended previous investigations of four analogues of Delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta8-THC): 6'-azidohex-2'-yne-Delta8-THC (O-1184), 6'-azidohex-cis-2'-ene-Delta8-THC (O-1238) and octyl-2'-yne-Delta8-THC (O-584) and its 1-deoxy-analogue (O-1315). 2. O-1184, O-1238 and O-584 displaced [3H]-CP55940 from specific binding sites on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell membranes expressing CB1 or CB2 cannabinoid receptors, with pKi values of 8.28 to 8.45 (CB1) and 8.03 to 8.13 (CB2). The pKi values of O-1315 were significantly less, 7.63 (CB1) and 7.01 (CB2). 3. All the analogues inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production by CB1-transfected CHO cells (pEC50=9.16 to 9.72). Only O-1238 behaved as a full agonist in this cell line. 4. In mouse vasa deferentia, O-1238 inhibited electrically-evoked contractions (pEC50=10.18 and Emax=70.5%). Corresponding values for O-1184 were 9.08 and 21.1% respectively. At 1 nM, O-1184 produced surmountable antagonism of the cannabinoid receptor agonist, CP55940. However, at 0.1 nM, O-1184 did not attenuate CP55940-induced inhibition of cyclic AMP production by CB1-transfected CHO cells. 5. In CB2-transfected CHO cells, cyclic AMP production was inhibited by CP55940 (pEC50=8.59), enhanced by O-1184 and O-584 (pEC50=8.20 and 6.86 respectively) and not significantly affected by O-1238 or O-1315. 6. At 100 nM, O-1184 and O-1238 produced surmountable antagonism of CP55940 in CB2 cells, decreasing the pEC50 of CP55940 from 8.61 to 7.42 (O-1184) or from 8. 54 to 7.44 (O-1238). 7. These data support the hypothesis that increasing the degree of unsaturation of the aliphatic side-chain of Delta8-THC analogues has little effect on CB1 or CB2 receptor affinity but can reduce CB1 receptor efficacy and reverse the direction of responses elicited at CB2 receptors.
Contraofensivas y resistencias, el mapa continental (2015)

Los recientes acontecimientos contra el gobierno de Bolivia ratifican la puesta en marcha de una contraofensiva imperial en el continente para reversar los procesos democraticos y revolucionarios que han colocado la soberania e independencia de nuestros pueblos como base de una sociedad distinta a la capitalista
Extracellular matrix formation by chondrocytes in monolayer culture. (1981)

In previous studies were have reported on the secretion and extracellular deposition of type II collagen and fibronectin (Dessau et al., 1978, J. Cell Biol., 79:342-355) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) (Vertel and Dorfman, 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 76:1261-1264) in chondrocyte cultures. This study describes a combined effort to compare sequence and pattern of secretion and deposition of all three macromolecules in the same chondrocyte culture experiment. By immunofluorescence labeling experiments, we demonstrate that type II collagen, fibronectin, and CSPG reappear on the cell surface after enzymatic release of chondrocytes from embryonic chick cartilage but develop different patterns in the pericellular matrix. When chondrocytes spread on the culture dish, CSPG is deposited in the extracellular space as an amorphous mass and fibronectin forms fine, intercellular strands, whereas type II collagen disappears from the chondrocyte surface and remains absent from the extracellular space in early cultures. Only after cells in the center of chondrocyte colonies shape reassume spherical shape does the immunofluorescence reveal type II collagen in the refractile matrix characteristic of differentiated cartilage. By immunofluorescence double staining of the newly formed cartilage matrix, we demonstrate that CSPG spreads farther out into the extracellular space that type II collagen. Fibronectin finally disappears from the cartilage matrix.
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and high-density lipoprotein metabolism: recent lessons from genetically manipulated mice. (2000)

The scavenger receptor BI is a cell surface lipoprotein receptor for selective high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol uptake in the liver and steroidogenic tissues. Studies of genetically manipulated strains of mice have revealed that SR-BI plays a key role in regulating HDL metabolism, cholesterol transport to steroidogenic tissues and bile cholesterol secretion. Furthermore, SR-BI protects against the development of atherosclerosis and is required for normal female fertility. If SR-BI has similar functions in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis in humans, it may represent a new target for the prevention and/or treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
The trip of a lifetime: hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder (2017)

Patients with perceptual disturbance can present in various clinical settings, and HPPD is an under-recognised diagnostic possibility. Delayed or misdiagnosis prolongs profound functional impairment and social decline, and predisposes the patient to the development of anxiety and depression and related increased risk of suicide.
Electric Power Systems (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Electric Utility Systems Energy and Power Sources of Electric Power Electric Power Plants and Generation Problems
ASSESSMENT OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSIT AND RIDESHARE APPLICATIONS (1991)

This report examines advanced technologies and systems which can be applied to high occupancy vehicles, ridesharing and public transit needs. These technologies have the potential to make public transit more attractive to potential users and make transit more operationally efficient. A review of technologies was carried out in the following areas: advanced traveler information systems, advanced traffic management systems, fleet management and control systems, automatic vehicle control systems. The report concludes with a technology assessment and future directions in IVHS activities.
Symmetric Bridgehead-to-Bridgehead Coupling of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and [<i>n</i>]Staffanes (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSymmetric Bridgehead-to-Bridgehead Coupling of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and [n]StaffanesCtibor Mazal, Alex J. Paraskos, and Josef MichlView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7, 2116–2119Publication Date (Web):March 13, 1998Publication History Received31 July 1997Published online13 March 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971419jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971419jresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views848Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Chemical structure,Oxidation,Oxidative coupling,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Direct creation of a photoinduced metallic structure and its optical properties in the terahertz frequency region (2010)

We investigate the surface electromagnetic characteristics of a photoinduced periodical structure using the attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique in the terahertz frequency region. A wire grating structure is generated at the surface of a silicon prism by irradiation with a spatially modulated, ultrafast pulsed laser. A characteristic minimum due to the excitation of surface waves is observed in the ATR spectrum. The depth profile of the photoinduced carrier layer is also studied. We confirm that the photoinduced structure has metallic properties. This fabrication technique will be developed as a simple method to create "active" structures.
Molecular Structure and Mesomorphic Properties of Thermotropic Liquid Crystals — I (1983)

The influence of molecular structure on the mesomorphic properties of thermotropic liquid crystals is discussed. The role of intermolecular attractive and repulsive (steric) forces in determining the packing and consequently the mesomorphic behaviour of the molecules is described. A correlation between the geometry of the rigid core of the molecules and the mesomorphic properties is found. The intermolecular separation strongly influences the thermodynamic stability of the mesophase. Alkyl chains do not only fill in spaces but also take part in the molecular interactions and affect the packing
Self-maintaining Web pages-an overview (2002)

Data-intensive Web-based information systems usually employ database systems to store the contents forming the basis for Web page construction. Generating Web pages on the fly, especially in peak times, can lead to severe performance problems. Thus, pre-generation of Web pages has been suggested to be ready for prime time, allowing to reliably deliver several hundred pre-generated pages per second. Maintaining the consistency of these Web pages with respect to changes within the database in an efficient way, however, represents a major challenge. This paper presents a novel approach for self maintaining Web pages that is, different to previous approaches, characterized by a simple (and thus, easy to maintain) database-to-Web page mapping and very low page regeneration costs. This is achieved by utilizing fragmentation techniques from distributed databases, by allocating parameterized fragments to Web page classes (rather than individual fragments to single Web pages), and using the Extensible Markup Language (XML) as an intermediate layer between the database and the final Web pages.
Photo-Induced Dimer-Diradical Formation in Diacetylene Crystals at Low Temperatures (1999)

Optical absorption changes induced by 308-nm laser pulses and by electron pulses at low temperatures were studied for crystalline 5,7-dodecadiyne-1,12-diol bis[phenylcarbamate](TCDU; R-C≡C-C≡C-R, R=(CH 2 ) 4 O(CO)C 6 H 5 ). The dimer diradical which shows an absorption band at 3.05 eV is not formed by the electron-pulse irradiation, but is formed efficiently by irradiation with the 308-nm laser pulses. By exciting crystals with an electron pulse and a laser pulse sequentially, it is shown that the collision of excited species with the lowest triplet state is a crucial step in generating the dimer diradical. The mechanism of the formation of the dimer diradical is discussed.
Statistical ordering of correlated timing quantities and its application for path ranking (2009)

Correct ordering of timing quantities is essential for both timing analysis and design optimization in the presence of process variation, because timing quantities are no longer a deterministic value, but a distribution. This paper proposes a novel metric, called tiered criticalities, which guarantees to provide a unique order for a set of correlated timing quantities while properly taking into account full process space coverage. Efficient algorithms are developed to compute this metric, and its effectiveness on path ranking for at-speed testing is also demonstrated.
CW Optical Maser Action up to (1964)

sure for the transitions and the classification of the optical maser wavelength where possible. The SSR on the maser transitions as observed with the bolometer in a one cycle bandwidth is also reported in Table I. The SSR, on comparison with the estimated SEP of the bolometer gives the amount of the power output on the particular transition reaching the detector. The strongest line in the present report is seen to be the one at 88.471 p and the power on this transition reaching the detector is perhaps of the order of 5X10-9 watts. The actual power output on any of the transitions (at the exit from the maser) is greater than that estimated from the SSR because of the transmission losses in the monochromator and the filters used for isolating one particu
Survey study of challenging experiences after ingesting psilocybin mushrooms: Acute and enduring positive and negative consequences (2016)

Acute and enduring adverse effects of psilocybin have been reported anecdotally, but have not been well characterized. For this study, 1993 individuals (mean age 30 yrs; 78% male) completed an online survey about their single most psychologically difficult or challenging experience (worst "bad trip") after consuming psilocybin mushrooms. Thirty-nine percent rated it among the top five most challenging experiences of his/her lifetime. Eleven percent put self or others at risk of physical harm; factors increasing the likelihood of risk included estimated dose, duration and difficulty of the experience, and absence of physical comfort and social support. Of the respondents, 2.6% behaved in a physically aggressive or violent manner and 2.7% received medical help. Of those whose experience occurred >1 year before, 7.6% sought treatment for enduring psychological symptoms. Three cases appeared associated with onset of enduring psychotic symptoms and three cases with attempted suicide. Multiple regression analysis showed degree of difficulty was positively associated, and duration was negatively associated, with enduring increases in well-being. Difficulty of experience was positively associated with dose. Despite difficulties, 84% endorsed benefiting from the experience. The incidence of risky behavior or enduring psychological distress is extremely low when psilocybin is given in laboratory studies to screened, prepared, and supported participants.
Role of Tir and Intimin in the Virulence of Rabbit Enteropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>Serotype O103:H2 (2000)

Attaching and effacing (A/E) rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (REPEC) strains belonging to serogroup O103 are an important cause of diarrhea in weaned rabbits. Like human EPEC strains, they possess the locus of enterocyte effacement clustering the genes involved in the formation of the A/E lesions. In addition, pathogenic REPEC O103 strains produce an Esp-dependent but Eae (intimin)-independent alteration of the host cell cytoskeleton characterized by the formation of focal adhesion complexes and the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into bundles of stress fibers. To investigate the role of intimin and its translocated coreceptor (Tir) in the pathogenicity of REPEC, we have used a newly constructed isogenic tir null mutant together with a previously described eae null mutant. When human HeLa epithelial cells were infected, the tir mutant was still able to induce the formation of stress fibers as previously reported for the eae null mutant. When the rabbit epithelial cell line RK13 was used, REPEC O103 produced a classical fluorescent actin staining (FAS) effect, whereas both the eae and tir mutants were FAS negative. In a rabbit ligated ileal loop model, neither mutant was able to induce A/E lesions. In contrast to the parental strain, which intimately adhered to the enterocytes and destroyed the brush border microvilli, bacteria of both mutants were clustered in the mucus without reaching and damaging the microvilli. The role of intimin and Tir was then analyzed in vivo by oral inoculation of weaned rabbits. Although both mutants were still present in the intestinal flora of the rabbits 3 weeks after oral inoculation, neither mutant strain induced any clinical signs or significant weight loss in the inoculated rabbits whereas the parental strain caused the death of 90% of the inoculated rabbits. Nevertheless, an inflammatory infiltrate was present in the lamina propria of the rabbits infected with both mutants, with an inflammatory response greater for the eae null mutant. In conclusion, we have confirmed the role of intimin in virulence, and we have shown, for the first time, that Tir is also a key factor in vivo for pathogenicity.
ILK promotes angiogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple myeloma (2018)

Angiogenic activity in solid tumors has been demonstrated to promote metastasis through the activation of certain proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated process. The molecular mechanism underlying multiple myeloma-induced angiogenesis involves angiogenic cytokines by plasma cells as well as their induction within the microenvironment. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a highly evolutionarily conserved intracellular protein that was originally identified as an integrin-interacting protein, and extensive genetic and biochemical studies have identified ILK expression to be vital during tumor-driven angiogenesis. In the present study, it was identified that angiogenic factors were upregulated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that were co-cultured with multiple myeloma cell lines. It was also revealed that upregulated ILK expression significantly promoted the capillary-formation ability of MSCs. The concentrations of angiogenic factors were significantly decreased compared with non-targeting siRNA-transfected and control MSCs. MSCs may participate in inducing the angiogenic response in multiple myeloma depending on ILK expression.