gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Trial of Darbepoetin Alfa in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease (2009)

The use of darbepoetin alfa in patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and moderate anemia who were not undergoing dialysis did not reduce the risk of either of the two primary composite outcomes (either death or a cardiovascular event or death or a renal event) and was associated with an increased risk of stroke. For many persons involved in clinical decision making, this risk will outweigh the potential benefits. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00093015.)
Deep Learning Approaches to Aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul: A Review (2018)

The use of sensor technology constantly gathering aircrafts' status data has promoted the rapid development of data-driven solutions in aerospace engineering. These methods assist, for instance, with determining appropriate actions for aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO). Challenges however are found when dealing with such large amounts of data. Identifying patterns, anomalies and faults disambiguation, with acceptable levels of accuracy and reliability are examples of complex problems in this area. Experiments using deep learning techniques, however, have demonstrated its usefulness in assisting on the analysis aircraft health data. The purpose of this paper therefore is to conduct a survey on deep learning architectures and their application in aircraft MRO. Although deep learning in general is not yet largely exploited for aircraft health, from our search, we identified four main architectures employed to MRO, namely, Deep Autoencoders, Long Short-Term Memory, Convolutional Neural Networks and Deep Belief Networks. For each architecture, we review their main concepts, the types of problems to which these architectures are employed to, the type of data used and their outcomes. We also discuss how research in this area can be advanced by identifying current research gaps and outlining future research opportunities.
Language modeling for soft keyboards (2002)

Language models predict the probability of letter sequences. Soft keyboards are images of keyboards on a touch screen for input on Personal Digital Assistants. When a soft keyboard user hits a key near the boundary of a key position, the language model and key press model are combined to select the most probable key sequence. This leads to an overall error rate reduction by a factor of 1.67 to 1.87. An extended version of this paper [4] is available.
NMR for the design of functional mimetics of protein-protein interactions: one key is in the building of bridges (1998)

Using the design of bivalent and bridge-binding inhibitors of thrombin as an example, we review an NMR-based experimental approach for the design of functional mimetics of protein-protein interactions. The strategy includes: (i) identification of binding residues in peptide ligands by differential resonance perturbation, (ii) determination of protein-bound structures of peptide ligands by use of transferred NOEs, (iii) minimization of larger protein and peptide ligands on the basis of NMR structural information, and (iv) linkage of two weakly binding mimetics to produce an inhibitor with enhanced affinity and specificity. This approach can be especially effective for the design of potent and selective functional mimetics of protein-protein interactions because it is less likely that the surfaces of two related proteins or enzymes share two identical binding sites or regions.Key words: NMR, protein-protein interactions, functional mimetics, bridge-binding inhibitors, thrombin.
Protein kinase C suppresses receptor-mediated pial arteriolar relaxation in the diabetic rat (1994)

Cerebral vasodilatory responses are selectively impaired in chronically hyperglycemic, diabetic rats. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic hyperglycemia-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activation can account for the suppression of 2 separate receptor-mediated vascular relaxation processes: (1) endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) release, and (2) NO-independent beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) activation. The in vivo reactivity of pial arterioles was evaluated in anesthetized rats (streptozotocin-treated diabetics and controls) using a closed cranial window and intravital microscopy. Compared with controls, diabetic rats showed a substantial attenuation or loss of the arteriolar relaxation response accompanying suffusion of the receptor-linked, NO-dependent agonists, acetylcholine (Ach) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and the beta-AR-agonist, isoproterenol (ISO). The vasodilatation induced by the direct NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), was the same in both groups. In the presence of the PKC inhibitor, staurosporine (STAURO), the Ach, ADP, and ISO responses were, largely restored and the SNP response was unaffected. STAURO produced no changes in Ach, ADP, ISO, or SNP responses in non-diabetic rats. These results suggest that PKC activation in chronically hyperglycemic, diabetic rats suppresses receptor-dependent NO release and desensitizes beta-ARs.
Measuring Program Similarity: Experiments with SPEC CPU Benchmark Suites (2005)

It is essential that a subset of benchmark programs used to evaluate an architectural enhancement, is well distributed within the target workload space rather than clustered in specific areas. Past efforts for identifying subsets have primarily relied on using microarchitecture-dependent metrics of program performance, such as cycles per instruction and cache miss-rate. The shortcoming of this technique is that the results could be biased by the idiosyncrasies of the chosen configurations. The objective of this paper is to present a methodology to measure similarity of programs based on their inherent microarchitecture-independent characteristics which will make the results applicable to any microarchitecture. We apply our methodology to the SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite and demonstrate that a subset of 8 programs can be used to effectively represent the entire suite. We validate the usefulness of this subset by using it to estimate the average IPC and L1 data cache miss-rate of the entire suite. The average IPC of 8-way and 16-way issue superscalar processor configurations could be estimated with 3.9% and 4.4% error respectively. This methodology is applicable not only to find subsets from a benchmark suite, but also to identify programs for a benchmark suite from a list of potential candidates. Studying the four generations of SPEC CPU benchmark suites, we find that other than a dramatic increase in the dynamic instruction count and increasingly poor temporal data locality, the inherent program characteristics have more or less remained the same
Particle Sizing by Means of the Forward Scattering Lobe (1966)

The angular distribution of scattered light in the main lobe of the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of a particle changes rapidly with its size, but is largely independent of its refractive index. Even when the particle is so small (diameter less than a few wavelengths) that its forward lobe must be calculated from the Mie theory, the relative angular distribution within the central part is found to be given approximately by the Fraunhofer formula with obliquity factor, even for particles smaller than one wavelength, except near a minimum in the particle extinction efficiency factor calculated from the Mie theory. A measurement of the ratio between the scattered intensities at a pair of convenient angles within the lobe can thus give a useful estimate of the size of spherical and nonspherical particles without knowing their refractive index. The sizing error caused by the narrowing of the lobe near an extinction minimum is acceptable for many practical purposes, and can in any case be detected by comparing the size estimates derived from measurements at two different wavelengths. Families of curves for sizing by this simple procedure have been prepared. Sideways scattering instruments have been preferred hitherto because of their easier construction. A realization of their possibilities for sizing unknown particles should, however, stimulate the development of suitable forward scattering instruments.
Radiologic-pathologic analysis of increased ethanol localization and ablative extent achieved by ethyl cellulose (2021)

Ethanol provides a rapid, low-cost ablative solution for liver tumors with a small technological footprint but suffers from uncontrolled diffusion in target tissue, limiting treatment precision and accuracy. Incorporating the gel-forming polymer ethyl cellulose to ethanol localizes the distribution. The purpose of this study was to establish a non-invasive methodology based on CT imaging to quantitatively determine the relationship between the delivery parameters of the EC-ethanol formulation, its distribution, and the corresponding necrotic volume. The relationship of radiodensity to ethanol concentration was characterized with water-ethanol surrogates. Ex vivo EC-ethanol ablations were performed to optimize the formulation (n = 6). In vivo ablations were performed to compare the optimal EC-ethanol formulation to pure ethanol (n = 6). Ablations were monitored with CT and ethanol distribution volume was quantified. Livers were removed, sectioned and stained with NADH-diaphorase to determine the ablative extent, and a detailed time-course histological study was performed to assess the wound healing process. CT imaging of ethanol-water surrogates demonstrated the ethanol concentration-radiodensity relationship is approximately linear. A concentration of 12% EC in ethanol created the largest distribution volume, more than eight-fold that of pure ethanol, ex vivo. In vivo, 12% EC-ethanol was superior to pure ethanol, yielding a distribution volume three-fold greater and an ablation zone six-fold greater than pure ethanol. Finally, a time course histological evaluation of the liver post-ablation with 12% EC-ethanol and pure ethanol revealed that while both induce coagulative necrosis and similar tissue responses at 1-4 weeks post-ablation, 12% EC-ethanol yielded a larger ablation zone. The current study demonstrates the suitability of CT imaging to determine distribution volume and concentration of ethanol in tissue. The distribution volume of EC-ethanol is nearly equivalent to the resultant necrotic volume and increases distribution and necrosis compared to pure ethanol.
Estimating the Skew Angle of Scanned Document through Background Area Information (2008)

The skew correction of scanned document images is an important step toward an automatic recognition system. Several techniques have been developed to estimate the skew angle of a scanned document. However, most of these techniques have the problem of expensive computational costs. A variation of a fast method based on parallelograms covering is presented in this article. The objective is to obtain lower computation time and provide a way to work well over noisy images and also over different layouts containing non-text areas with no decrease in performance. Experimental study with different databases achieved results that overcome previous techniques.
Synthesis and structure of metal complexes of triaza macrocycles with three pendant pyridylmethyl arms (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structure of metal complexes of triaza macrocycles with three pendant pyridylmethyl armsLise Christiansen, David N. Hendrickson, Hans Toftlund, Scott R. Wilson, and Chuan Liang XieCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 16, 2813–2818Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00236a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00236a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views566Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A phase I/II trial of the kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor SB-743921 dosed q14d without and with prophylactic G-CSF in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (2009)

8578 Background: KSP is a mitotic kinesin essential for cell cycle progression. SB-743921 (SB-921), a selective KSP inhibitor, blocks mitotic spindle assembly with cell cycle arrest in mitosis and cell death. In the first-in-humans (FIH) trial, the MTD was 4 mg/m 2 q21d. Since neutropenia was the major DLT, with recovery by ∼d15, a q14d schedule without (-GCSF) and with prophylactic G-CSF (+GCSF) is being explored. Methods: In phase I of this phase I/II trial, DLT and MTD of SB-921 given on d1 and d15 q28d (-GCSF) and (+GCSF) will be determined. Eligible patients (pts) have relapsed or refractory HL or NHL, aggressive (a) or indolent (i), have had at least 1 prior chemotherapy (CT) regimen, and have relapsed after or were not candidates for stem cell transplant. This is a standard 3+3 dose escalation trial design, starting at 2 mg/m 2 and escalating by 1 mg/m 2 . Once DLT (-GCSF) is identified, (+GCSF) dosing starts at the (-GCSF) MTD, escalating until (+GCSF) DLT is identified. Results: 39 pts were treated (-GCSF) at 6 dose levels (2–7 mg/m 2 ). 5 pts had DLT: 1/3 at 4 (grade 3 hepatic enzymes; found retrospectively); 2/10 at 6 (both sepsis with neutropenia), and 2/7 at 7 (both grade 4 neutropenia lasting >5d) mg/m 2 . MTD (-GCSF) was 6 mg/m 2 . 12 pts were treated with SB-921 (+GCSF) at 6 (n=4), 7 (n=3), 8 (n=3) and 9 (n=2) mg/m 2 , with 1 DLT of neutropenia at 9 mg/m 2 . Expansion of the 9 mg/m 2 (+GCSF) cohort to n=6 is ongoing. For all 51 pts treated to date, mean age was 52 yr; 53% were male; 39% HL, 33% aNHL, and 28% iNHL; 76% had ≥3 prior CT regimens. The most frequent grade 3/4 toxicity was neutropenia: 58% at ≥MTD (-GCSF) and 42% (+GCSF). Other grade 3/4 events were uncommon. There was no neuropathy or alopecia >grade 1. There were 2 partial responses (PR), both in elderly pts with HL with ≥2 prior CT regimens, 1 at 6 (-GCSF) and 1 at 8 (+GCSF) mg/m 2 , ongoing at Cycle 4+. Conclusions: The MTD of SB-921 (-GCSF) on a q14d schedule was 6 mg/m 2 . This dose density (0.43 mg/m 2 /d) is >2-fold higher than in the FIH trial with a q21d schedule (0.19 mg/m 2 /d). Dose escalation (+GCSF) is continuing. SB-921 is well tolerated with minimal toxicity other than hematologic. Activity has been observed in HL, with 2 PRs at doses ≥6 mg/m 2 . [Table: see text]
Formation of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) from oxidation of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in oxygenated water (2014)

The aging of nZVI in oxygenated water yields stable sheet-shaped and well-formed lepidocrocite crystals.
Magnetic properties of RT3−x′Nix compounds (<i>R</i>=Dy or Ho and <i>T</i>′=Fe or Co) (1973)

The effect of varying electron concentration on the magnetic ordering in the ternary intermetallic compounds DyCo3−xNix, DyFe3−xNix, HoCo3−xNix, HoFe3−xNix, with 0&lt;x&lt;3, has been investigated by saturation magnetization studies. The results show a filling of the Co and Fe bands and also a polarization of the 3d band of nickel. In the case of the Co compounds an additional contribution from the induced moment on cobalt by the rare-earth exchange field is found to be important.
A time series model with periodic stochastic regime switching (1993)

A general class of Markov switching regime time series models is presented that allows one to estimate the nontrivial interdependencies between different types of cycles which make the economy grow at an unsteady rate. The paper further explores results obtained in Ghysels (1991b) suggesting that the economy transits from recessions to expansions with an uneven propensity throughout the year. It is also built on the work of Hamilton (1989) who proposed a stochastic switching-regime model for GNP and has important connections with hidden periodic structures discussed by Tiao and Grupe (1980) or Hansen and Sargent (1990), for instance. The time series models we present may have periodic transition probabilities and the drifts may be seasonal. In the latter case, the model exhibits seasonal dummy variation that may change with the stage of the business cycle. While the model is intrinsically nonlinear and stochastic, it produces a linear representation with seasonal effects that appear to be deterministic. The paper provides an elaborate discussion of the regularity conditions for a well-defined covariance structure including explicit formula for characterizing first and second moments. Finally, we present empirical evidence using U.S. GNP data series which tends to support a periodic structure for switching probabilities. The most significant result is the following: it is found that the seasonal in GNP growth significantly affects switching probabilities for regime switches in the nonseasonal growth of GNP. We also analyze the out-of-sample forecast performance of the different models and find that the models exploiting seasonality in transition probabilities perform best.
Pathologic features and patient survival in hepatocellular carcinoma in relation to age (1996)

For hepatocellular carcinoma, the peak age of patients is at the sixth decade. However, the influence of age on the tumor biologic behavior and long-term patient survival is controversial. We retrospectively studied 278 patients whose hepatocellular carcinomas were surgically resected to analyze the pathologic and clinical features of the tumors and patient survival in relation to age. The patients were divided into two groups, younger than 50 years of age and older than 50 years. Ninety-seven patients were 50 years of age or under, and 181 were older than 50 years. The younger patients had: (1) more frequent hepatitis B surface antigen positivity (P = 0.022), (2) less cirrhosis (P = 0.050), (3) less tumor encapsulation, (4) a more advanced tumor stage in terms of more venous permeation (P = 0.012), more liver invasion (P = 0.010) and larger tumor (P = 0.002), and (5) a more frequently raised serum alpha-fetoprotein level (P = 0.035). In spite of the more advanced stage of the tumors, both the actuarial and disease-free survival rates did not differ significantly from those of the older group. The operative mortality rates also were similar in both groups. To conclude, there were distinct differences in the clinical and pathologic features of the tumors of patients < 50 years and those older. Although the tumors were more advanced in the younger group, the less frequently associated cirrhosis in this group might have partly compensated to result in survival rates similar to those of the older group. Because of the comparable survival rates, the treatment policy in the older group should not differ greatly from that in the younger group.
Combination chemotherapy with DTIC (NSC-45388) in advanced malignant melanoma, soft tissue sarcomas, and Hodgkin's disease. (1976)

The results of three controlled studies with multiple-drug regimens which included DTIC are reported for advanced melanoma, soft tissue sarcomas, and Hodgkin's disease. In malignant melanoma, no statistical difference was observed between (a) DTIC, BCNU, and vincristine, and (b) DTIC, BCNU, and actinomycin D in terms of response rate, median duration of response, and survival. In sarcomas, the combination of adriamycin and DTIC produced a higher incidence of complete plus partial responders when compared to cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and methotrexate. However, no significant difference was seen in the median duration of response or survival. In Hodgkin's disease, a new four-drug combination including adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and DTIC (ABVD) produced an incidence of complete remissions and a median duration of response comparable to that achieved with mechlorethamine, vincristine (Oncovin), predinisone, and procarbazine (MOPP). Preliminary data indicate that ABVD is not cross resistant to MOPP. It is concluded that DTIC can be successfully and safely employed in combination with conventional agents in susceptible neoplastic diseases.
Short-term satiety in preschool children: a comparison between high protein meal and a high complex carbohydrate meal (2000)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a high protein meal has a different effect on short-term satiety in preschool children than a high carbohydrate meal by measuring their intake of a subsequent meal. Subjects were 35 normal preschool children of both genders aged 5 to 6 years. All children were healthy and randomly chosen from those who were attending to a day-care center where they received feeding at three meal times: breakfast, lunch and teatime. Children were weighed with light clothes following standard recommendations. They were normal according to the weight for height index, using the NCHS standards. Two meals with different levels of protein and carbohydrate and equal energy contents were assayed at lunch. The lunches were cooked dishes made from common ingredients. The high carbohydrate meal was consumed in greater amount than the high protein meal (P < 0.01) and a significantly greater energy intake was observed (P < 0.01). Food and energy intakes at teatime were greater with the high carbohydrate meal, but only the energy intake was significant (P < 0.05). When subjects consumed the high protein meal during lunch, they ate a significantly lower amount of protein in the subsequent meal, but the carbohydrate intake was similar. The long-term effects of a high protein diet remain to be investigated before recommending of a high protein for obese children.
VEGF-C Promotes Immune Tolerance in B16 Melanomas and Cross-Presentation of Tumor Antigen by Lymph Node Lymphatics (2012)

Tumor expression of the lymphangiogenic factor VEGF-C is correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis, and although VEGF-C enhances transport to the draining lymph node (dLN) and antigen exposure to the adaptive immune system, its role in tumor immunity remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that VEGF-C promotes immune tolerance in murine melanoma. In B16 F10 melanomas expressing a foreign antigen (OVA), VEGF-C protected tumors against preexisting antitumor immunity and promoted local deletion of OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells. Naive OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells, transferred into tumor-bearing mice, were dysfunctionally activated and apoptotic. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in dLNs cross-presented OVA, and naive LECs scavenge and cross-present OVA in vitro. Cross-presenting LECs drove the proliferation and apoptosis of OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells ex vivo. Our findings introduce a tumor-promoting role for lymphatics in the tumor and dLN and suggest that lymphatic endothelium in the local microenvironment may be a target for immunomodulation.