gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic force microscopy for sorption studies (2004)

The hypothesis behind this research is that Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) can be used to capture changes in the surface interaction force caused by sorption of ions, and thereby can be employed as a tool to study sorption at the nano-scale. The Derjaguin??dau??wey??rbeek (DLVO) theory was used to explain surface interactions and probe DLVO and other interparticle forces. \nIn the first part of the work, sorption of copper ions onto a silica particle resulted in charge reversal detected by AFM. Transient measurements of the interaction force between the silica particle and a flat glass surface can be related to the kinetics of copper ion sorption. In the second part, the force-volume AFM mode was used to detect heterogeneously charged regions on quartz silica surfaces resulting from copper ion sorption. Conditions of copper ion concentration and pH were varied to confirm the sorption mechanism. The surprising result of this study was the observation of growing islands during sorption indicating a heterogeneous behavior of the surface. In the third part, AFM was used to measure interaction forces between a gold sample and the silicon nitride tip of the AFM in aqueous electrolyte solutions under various values of applied electrostatic potential. Along with the applied potential, pH conditions were also varied. Experimental results were compared to theoretical calculations using the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. This work showed a relationship between the surface potential and the externally applied potential. Finally, the total interaction force between a standard silicon nitride AFM tip and a gold-coated plate in the presence of cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was measured under various conditions of applied potential. The interaction force-distance profile between the surface and the tip can be related to the structure of surfactant molecules sorbed onto the surface, which is influenced by the magnitude of the applied potential. \nThe results presented in this work are of importance in natural and engineered systems involving colloidal particles and charged species with implications in separations as well as naturally occurring facilitated transport.
Improving Sentiment Analysis in Twitter Using Multilingual Machine Translated Data (2013)

Sentiment analysis is currently a very dynamic field in Computational Linguistics. Research herein has concentrated on the development of methods and resources for different types of texts and various languages. Nonetheless, the implementation of a multilingual system that is able to classify sentiment expressed in various languages has not been approached so far. The main challenge this paper addresses is sentiment analysis from tweets in a multilingual setting. We first build a simple sentiment analysis system for tweets in English. Subsequently, we translate the data from English to four other languages - Italian, Spanish, French and German - using a standard machine translation system. Further on, we manually correct the test data and create Gold Standards for each of the target languages. Finally, we test the performance of the sentiment analysis classifiers for the different languages concerned and show that the joint use of training data from multiple languages (especially those pertaining to the same family of languages) significantly improves the results of the sentiment classification.
Inference techniques for fault tolerant distributed database systems (2002)

A data inference approach to increase data availability in distributed database systems is proposed. When the requested data are not accessible owing to network and/or site failures, the database system can infer or approximate them from other accessible database fragments. Two different levels of correlated knowledge are used for inference. In the schema level, correlated knowledge between objects is represented as inference paths. Further, in the instance level, correlated rules are used to represent their detail correlations. In general, inference paths suggest proper objects and directions for data inference. By the selection of proper inference paths, correlated rules can be used to derive the inaccessible information. It is noted that a data inference system can be implemented as a front-end system to an existing distributed database system. It consists of a database fragment availability table which provides the data accessibility information for each site, the inference engine that selects inference paths and rules for inferring unavailable data, and the query modification system which transforms the given query to an alternate one such that all the required database fragments are accessible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiclass Classification for the Differential Diagnosis on the ADHD Subtypes Using Recursive Feature Elimination and Hierarchical Extreme Learning Machine: Structural MRI Study (2016)

The classification of neuroimaging data for the diagnosis of certain brain diseases is one of the main research goals of the neuroscience and clinical communities. In this study, we performed multiclass classification using a hierarchical extreme learning machine (H-ELM) classifier. We compared the performance of this classifier with that of a support vector machine (SVM) and basic extreme learning machine (ELM) for cortical MRI data from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. We used 159 structural MRI images of children from the publicly available ADHD-200 MRI dataset. The data consisted of three types, namely, typically developing (TDC), ADHD-inattentive (ADHD-I), and ADHD-combined (ADHD-C). We carried out feature selection by using standard SVM-based recursive feature elimination (RFE-SVM) that enabled us to achieve good classification accuracy (60.78%). In this study, we found the RFE-SVM feature selection approach in combination with H-ELM to effectively enable the acquisition of high multiclass classification accuracy rates for structural neuroimaging data. In addition, we found that the most important features for classification were the surface area of the superior frontal lobe, and the cortical thickness, volume, and mean surface area of the whole cortex.
Inhaled nitric oxide in pediatrics (2003)

Inhaled nitric oxide is a therapeutic approach with wide clinical applications in pediatrics. Its use is safe when administered in pediatric intensive care units under strict monitoring. As a pulmonary vasodilator, nitric oxide has beneficial effects on gas exchange and ventilation. Controlled trials, focusing on early gas administration should be performed under many clinical conditions, especially acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Gross talk in a fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensor array with ring reflectors (1989)

We demonstrate a fiber-optic interferometric sensor array based on the in-line Fabry-Perot configuration, which uses fiber ring reflectors to effect the low-reflectivity elements required between each sensor section. The intrinsic optical cross talk that occurs between the sensor sections owing to multiple reflections is analyzed and compared with experimental results obtained with a four-sensor system.
Undrained plane-strain expansion of a cylindrical cavity in clay: a simple interpretation of the pressuremeter test (1972)

A study is made of the problem of interpreting the results of Menard pressuremeter tests on soil in situ. In the test a cylindrical cavity is expanded by internal pressure, and the relation between applied pressure and cavity volume change is measured. It is shown that the results of a single test are enough to determine a complete stress-strain relation in plane strain, and a simple graphical procedure for doing this is derived. The only restrictive assumption necessary is that the deformation is under undrained conditions; there is no restriction to infinitesimal strain or to elastic perfectly-plastic soils. On a étudié le problème posé par l'interprétation des résultats fournis par le pressiomètre Menard in situ. Dans ce type d'essais, une cavité cylindrique verticale est dilatée par pression interne. On mesure la relation entre la pression appliquée et le changement de volume de la cavité. On montre que les résultats obtenus avec un seul essai sont suffisants pour déterminer une relation complète ‘contrainte-déformation’ en ‘déformation plane’ et on fournit la méthode graphique simple permettant d'arriver à ce résultat. La seule hypothèse restrictive qu'il est nécessaire de faire, est qu'il s'agit d'une déformation non drainée; il n'y a pas de restriction pour une déformation infinitésimale ou pour les sols parfaitement élastoplastiques.
Asymmetric diversity modulation scheme in wireless fading relay channels (2009)

In this paper, we propose an asymmetric diversity modulation (ADM) scheme for a single-source relay system that utilizes the relay's higher transmission ability as a form of diversity. To achieve this, the proposed method transmits multiple source bits over a high-order modulating relay as a way to provide additional time diversity. The spatial and time diversity then undergo 'bit'-based combining at the destination. Using the proposed 'bit'-based channel combining method, we derive the theoretical bit error rate (BER) for such a system. Moreover, we investigate the fact that the proposed scheme shows a performance trade-off between bit power and time diversity resulting from the reduced bit power caused by a high-order modulating relay.
Major recent and independent changes in levels and patterns of expression have occurred at the <i>b</i> gene, a regulatory locus in maize (1999)

The b locus encodes a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes that produce purple anthocyanin pigment. Different b alleles are expressed in distinct tissues, causing tissue-specific anthocyanin production. Understanding how phenotypic diversity is produced and maintained at the b locus should provide models for how other regulatory genes, including those that influence morphological traits and development, evolve. We have investigated how different levels and patterns of pigmentation have evolved by determining the phenotypic and evolutionary relationships between 18 alleles that represent the diversity of b alleles in Zea mays. Although most of these alleles have few phenotypic differences, five alleles have very distinct tissue-specific patterns of pigmentation. Superimposing the phenotypes on the molecular phylogeny reveals that the alleles with strong and distinctive patterns of expression are closely related to alleles with weak expression, implying that the distinctive patterns have arisen recently. We have identified apparent insertions in three of the five phenotypically distinct alleles, and the fourth has unique upstream restriction fragment length polymorphisms relative to closely related alleles. The insertion in B-Peru has been shown to be responsible for its unique expression and, in the other two alleles, the presence of the insertion correlates with the phenotype. These results suggest that major changes in gene expression are probably the result of large-scale changes in DNA sequence and/or structure most likely mediated by transposable elements.
Cut Quality Estimation in Industrial Laser Cutting Machines: A Machine Learning Approach (2019)

The use of machine learning models to improve industrial production quality is becoming more popular year after year. The main reason is the huge data availability and the impressive boost of performance of such methods achieved in the last decade. In this work we propose an adaptation of three well known machine learning algorithms to estimate the quality of cut in industrial laser cutting machines. The challenge here is to use a pool of multimodal parameters coming from different sensors and fuse them in order to detect the cutting status of the machine in a near-online modality. We analyze then generative and discriminative approaches based on Gaussian Mixture Models, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Convolutional Neural Networks in a supervised setting. Results are computed on a brand-new dataset that is freely available for reference.
Participation of β-Adrenergic Receptors on Macrophages in Modulation of LPS-Induced Cytokine Release (1999)

For several years it is known that beta-adrenergic receptor agonists have anti-inflammatory effects. However, little is known about the role of beta-adrenergic receptors on macrophages in the modulation of cytokine production by beta-agonists during inflammation. In this study, the presence of beta-receptors on PMA-differentiated U937 human macrophages, and the participation of these receptors in the modulation of LPS-mediated cytokine production by beta-agonists was investigated. Total beta-receptor expression on undifferentiated (monocyte) and PMA-differentiated U937 cells was established using receptor binding studies on membrane fractions with a radio ligand. The expression of beta-receptors proved to be significantly lower on monocytes than on macrophages, additionally a predominant expression of beta 2-receptors was found. Production of the cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 by LPS-stimulated differentiated U937 cells was measured in time. Peak concentrations for TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 occurred at 3, 12 and 9 hrs, respectively. When differentiated U937 cells were incubated with both LPS and the beta-agonist clenbuterol the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 was significantly reduced. However the production of IL-10 was increased. To study the mechanism of modulation of cytokine production in more detail, U937 macrophages were incubated with LPS/clenbuterol in combination with selective beta 1- and beta 2-antagonists. These results indicated that the beta 2- and not the beta 1-receptor is involved in the anti-inflammatory activity of clenbuterol.
Ring‐Opening Polymerization with Synergistic Co‐monomers: Access to a Boronate‐Functionalized Polymeric Monolith for the Specific Capture of <i>cis</i>‐Diol‐Containing Biomolecules under Neutral Conditions (2009)

Molecular teamwork: Synergistic co-monomers contained in a boronate-functionalized polymeric monolith function as a single Wulff-type boronic acid ligand to enable the specific capture of cis-diol-containing biomolecules under neutral conditions (see scheme). When the medium is made more acidic, the amine group is protonated, and B–N coordination is broken, which results in the release of the cis diol from the monolith.
A Randomized Trial of a Strategy for Increasing High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels: Effects on Progression of Coronary Heart Disease and Clinical Events (2005)

A combination regimen aimed at increasing HDL cholesterol levels improves cholesterol profiles, helps prevent angiographic progression of coronary stenosis, and may prevent cardiovascular events in some people who exercise regularly and eat low-fat diets.
Zig-zag rotational dowel welding for exterior wood joints (2007)

Azig-zag pattern of rotationally welded dowels across the interface of a butt joint between two wood planks was shown to yield strong joints without any adhesive. Tests after 2 h in boiling water showed that the joints were able to resist both 2 h immersion in boiling water, as well as the subsequent oven drying. Some unusual densification patterns were observed by X-ray microdensitometry. X-ray microdensitometry analysis of densification patterns in the dowel and at the dowel/substrate interface indicate that further improvement and optimisation of this process should consider minimizing the compression rate at the end of dowel rotation as well as minimization of the insertion impact of the dowel to avoid interfacial microfissures that can sometimes develop.
Expression of Recombinant Cytochromes c in E. coli (2010)

Answering questions about proteins' structures and functions in the new era of systems biology and genomics requires the development of new methods for heterologous production of numerous proteins from newly sequenced genomes. Cytochromes c - electron transfer proteins carrying one or more hemes covalently bound to the polypeptide chain - are one of the most recalcitrant classes of proteins with respect to heterologous expression because post-translational incorporation of hemes is required for proper folding and stability. However, significant advances in expression of recombinant cytochromes c have been made during the last decade. It has been shown that a single gene cluster, ccmA-H, is responsible for cytochrome c maturation in Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions and that constitutive co-expression of this cluster under aerobic conditions is sufficient to provide heme incorporation in many different types of cytochromes c, regardless of their origin, as long as the nascent polypeptide is translocated to the periplasm. Using conditions that result in sub-maximal protein induction can dramatically increase the yield of mature protein. The intrinsic peroxidase activity of hemes can be used as a highly selective and sensitive detection method of mature cytochromes in samples resolved by gel electrophoresis.
Cuidados de enfermería al enfermo terminal. Proyecto de una guía de acompañamiento a la muerte. (2006)

Esta guia se plantea desde la practica diaria de la atencion de enfermeria al enfermo en su domicilio. La ansiedad, los miedos, la distancia emocional y la impulsividad, son algunas de las dificultades con las que se encuentra el colectivo de enfermeria en la atencion y el acompanamiento del enfermo en los ultimos dias de su vida.
Las visitas domiciliarias programadas por parte de enfermeria, tiene como objetivos 1) Prevenir posibles demandas urgentes generadas por ansiedad y sentimiento de soledad por parte del enfermo y la familia; y 2) Ofrecer atencion individualizada en el proceso de morir.
Se diseno esta guia como una ayuda a las enfermeras/os para afrontar la muerte y para facilitar la expresion de los sentimientos que su proximidad genera.
Estos aspectos son los que justifican la necesidad de un espacio de formacion especifica para el colectivo de enfermeria y por lo tanto el motivo de interes de este documento.
Recognition for Vision (2019)

When children grow up, the first word or first step in walking is always a significant event [...].
Adeno-associated Virus 9 Structural Rearrangements Induced by Endosomal Trafficking pH and Glycan Attachment (2021)

There are 13 distinct Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes that are structurally homologous and whose capsid proteins (VP1 to −3) are similar in amino acid sequence. However, AAV9 is one of the most commonly studied and is used as a gene therapy vector.
Confocal endomicroscopy for in vivo microscopic analysis of upper gastrointestinal tract premalignant and malignant lesions. (2008)

Confocal LASER endomicroscopy (CLE) is a new endoscopic technique which allows subsurface in vivo microscopic analysis during ongoing endoscopy, using systemically or topically administered fluorescent agents. It allows targeted biopsies to be taken, potentially improving the diagnostic rate in certain gastrointestinal diseases. Worldwide experience with CLE for upper gastrointestinal malignant and premalignant lesions is still reduced. Potential clinical applications are presented, including diagnosis of NERD, Barrett's esophagus, atrophic gatritis, gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, gastric adenomatous or hyperplastic polyps, gastric cancer.
Noncontact photoacoustic imaging achieved by using a low-coherence interferometer as the acoustic detector (2011)

We report on a noncontact photoacoustic imaging (PAI) technique in which a low-coherence interferometer [(LCI), optical coherence tomography (OCT) hardware] is utilized as the acoustic detector. A synchronization approach is used to lock the LCI system at its highly sensitive region for photoacoustic detection. The technique is experimentally verified by the imaging of a scattering phantom embedded with hairs and the blood vessels within a mouse ear in vitro. The system's axial and lateral resolutions are evaluated at 60 and 30 μm, respectively. The experimental results indicate that PAI in a noncontact detection mode is possible with high resolution and high bandwidth. The proposed approach lends itself to a natural integration of PAI with OCT, rather than a combination of two separate and independent systems.
Haloacetylated enol ethers. <b>2</b>. Synthesis of 5‐trifluoromethylpyrazoles (1993)

Abstract 1‐Methyl‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1 H ‐pyrazoles 2, 3 and 4,5‐dihydro‐1‐phenyl‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1 H ‐pyrazol‐5‐ol 4 were prepared by reaction of 4‐alkoxy‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐3‐alken‐2‐ones 1 and hydrazine, methylhydrazine, and phenylhydrazine, respectively, in good yields. Compound 1 proved to be a versatile building block for the regiospecific construction of pyrazole rings having an 5‐trifluoromethyl substituent.
Discrete cosine transform–based local adaptive filtering of images corrupted by nonstationary noise (2010)

In many image-processing applications, observed images are contaminated by a nonstationary noise and no a priori information on noise dependence on local mean or about local properties of noise statistics is available. In order to remove such a noise, a locally adaptive filter has to be applied. We study a locally adaptive filter based on evaluation of image local activity in a "blind" manner and on discrete cosine transform computed in overlapping blocks. Two mechanisms of local adaptation are proposed and applied. The first mechanism takes into account local estimates of noise standard deviation while the second one exploits discrimination of homogeneous and heterogeneous image regions by adaptive threshold setting. The designed filter performance is tested for simulated data as well as for real-life remote-sensing and maritime radar images. Recommendations concerning filter parameter setting are provided. An area of applicability of the proposed filter is defined.
Trap-driven memory simulation with Tapeworm II (1997)

Trap-driven simulation is a new approach for analyzing the performance of memory-system components such as caches and translation-lookaside buffers (TLBs). Unlike the more traditional trace-driven approach to simulating memory systems, trap-driven simulation uses the hardware of a host machine to drive simulations with operating-system kernel traps instead of with address traces. As a workload runs, a trap-driven simulator dynamically modifies access to memory in such a way as to make memory traps correspond exactly to misses in a simulated cache structure. Because traps are handled inside the kernel of the host operating system, a trap-driven simulator can monitor all components of multitask workloads including the operating system itself. Compared to trace-driven simulators, a trap-driven simulator causes relatively little slowdown to the host system because traps occur only in the infrequent case of simulated cache misses. Unfortunately, because they require special forms of hardware support to cause memory-access traps, trap-driven simulators are difficult to port, and they are not as flexible as trace-driven simulators in the types of memory configurations that they can model. Several researchers have recently begun to use trap-driven techniques in their studies of memory-system design tradeoffs, but little is known about how the speed and accuracy of the technique varies with the type of simulations conducted, or about the nature of its drawbacks with respect to portability and flexibility. In this article, we use a prototype trap-driven simulator, named Tapeworm II, to explore these issues. We expose both the strengths and the weaknesses of trap-driven simulation with respect to speed, accuracy, completeness, portability, flexibility, ease-of-use, and memory overhead. Although the results are drawn from a specific implementation of trap-driven simulation, we believe that many of our results from Tapeworm hold true for trap-driven simulation in general.