gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STAT2 Acts as a Host Range Determinant for Species-Specific Paramyxovirus Interferon Antagonism and Simian Virus 5 Replication (2002)

The antiviral state induced by alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) is a powerful selective pressure for virus evolution of evasive strategies. The paramyxoviruses simian virus 5 (SV5) and human parainfluenza virus 2 (HPIV2) overcome IFN-alpha/beta responses through the actions of their V proteins, which induce proteasomal degradation of cellular IFN-alpha/beta-activated signal transducers and activators of transcription STAT1 and STAT2. SV5 infection induces STAT1 degradation and IFN-alpha/beta inhibition efficiently in human cells but not in mouse cells, effectively restricting SV5 host range. Here, the cellular basis for this species specificity is demonstrated to result from differences between human and murine STAT2. Expression in mouse cells of full-length or truncated human STAT2 cDNA is sufficient to permit antagonism of endogenous murine IFN-alpha/beta signaling by SV5 and HPIV2 V proteins. Furthermore, virus-induced STAT protein degradation is observed in mouse cells only in the presence of ectopically expressed human STAT2. The results indicate that STAT2 acts as an intracellular determinant of paramyxovirus host range restriction, which contributes to the species specificity of virus replication, and that human STAT2 can confer a growth advantage for SV5 in the murine host.
An automatic integrating microdensitometer (1965)

A microdensitometer was constructed to measure the integrated density of spots on X-ray film. Automatic operation is possible for spots on a rectangular lattice. Output is displayed and punched on paper tape. The instrument is used in the X-ray study of a protein structure. Approximately 3 hours are required for automatic measurement of one film with minimum interplanar spacing of 5 A.
장애이론에 관한 연구 (1999)

Today, the importance and desirability of bodily perfection is endemic to western culture. In terms of the oppression of disabled people, it finds expression in genetic engineering and/or rationing of medical treatments to children and adults with impairments, institutional discrimination against disabled people in education, employment, welfare systems, the built environment and the leisure industry, and the misrepresentation of disabled people in all forms of the communications media. Moreover, it is only within the last decade or so that this cultural or ideological hegemony has begun to be seriously challenged. This article has examined the origins of disability in society. It has shown that while social responses to impairment are by no means universal there has been a consistent cultural bias against people with impairments throughout recorded history, and that this phenomenon has been ignored, undervalued, or misinterpreted by the principal socio-political theorists working in this field. Although functionalist approaches have presented something of a challenge to traditional medical explanations of disability, they have failed to acknowledge the disabling tendencies of western culture. In contrast, materialist analyses have argued that the basis of disabled people`s oppression is founded upon the material and cultural changes which accompanied the emergence of western capitalism.
A toolkit for analysing large-scale plant small RNA datasets (2008)

The tools are freely available for use at http://srna-tools.cmp.uea.ac.uk.
Physical Activity and Public Health (2007)

To promote and maintain health, all healthy adults aged 18 to 65 yr need moderate-intensity aerobic (endurance) physical activity for a minimum of 30 min on five days each week or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity for a minimum of 20 min on three days each week. [I (A)] Combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity can be performed to meet this recommendation. [IIa (B)] For example, a person can meet the recommendation by walking briskly for 30 min twice during the week and then jogging for 20 min on two other days. Moderate-intensity aerobic activity, which is generally equivalent to a brisk walk and noticeably accelerates the heart rate, can be accumulated toward the 30-min minimum by performing bouts each lasting 10 or more minutes. [I (B)] Vigorous-intensity activity is exemplified by jogging, and causes rapid breathing and a substantial increase in heart rate. In addition, every adult should perform activities that maintain or increase muscular strength and endurance a minimum of two days each week. [IIa (A)] Because of the dose-response relation between physical activity and health, persons who wish to further improve their personal fitness, reduce their risk for chronic diseases and disabilities or prevent unhealthy weight gain may benefit by exceeding the minimum recommended amounts of physical activity. [I (A)].
Perfluorocarbon in Microcirculation During Ischemia Reperfusion (2007)

Results indicate that PFC without stagnation within an ischemic zone attenuates postischemic reperfusion injury of striated skin muscle, presumably through the reduction of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. Accordingly, PFC effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury are determined mainly by the time of administration relative to the ischemic episodes.
Fast Colorimetric Method for Measuring Urinary Iodine (2003)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Low Noise Signal Conditioning Design for Electrostatic Sensors (2013)

Abstract: The signal conditioning circuit of the electrostatic sensor is a small signal amplifier that collects and amplifies the detected electrostatic noise. Due to its high amplification properties, the output signal is highly susceptible to be defaced by intrinsic or extrinsic noise. This paper is proposed a low noise signal conditioning circuit for electrostatic sensor. A circuit model is proposed as the electrode of the sensor to be used in circuit design and circuit analysis. An electrostatic noise collector amplifier is designed using a high impedance FET operational amplifier. A dual power supply using a single battery is provided to isolate the circuit from 50 Hz extrinsic noise. The design is investigated for its gain, bandwidth and noise properties. The sensor test results verified the design objectives. The circuit can be used to design a low noise measurement system using an electrostatic sensor in powder and particle technologies. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.
A Numerical Study of High Resolution Latent Image Formation by Laser Beam Exposure (2001)

In order to study the latent image formation process including the characteristics of laser beam and photoreceptor, a numerical method which solves the three dimensional time dependent coupled system of the transport equations for charges, and the Poisson equation for electrostatic field, is proposed. Combining the simulation with electrostatic field computation in the development zone, the strength and the extent of spreading of the electrostatic field due to the latent image is analyzed. The image of isolated one dot exposure shows larger spreading, while that of a dot alongside another dot shows weaker electrostatic-field strength. The dependence of the spreading on the beam radius indicates that the repulsion of charge due to space-charge effect becomes significant as the beam diameter decreases. The numerical results are compared with experimental ones obtained on a test bed with high resolution development, and show excellent correlation with the experimentally developed images.
Potential public health risks related to mercury/amalgam discharge from dental offices. (1996)

Mercury is a toxic and bioaccumulative metal. It exists in elemental, inorganic and organic forms. The use of mercury by the dental profession represents approximately 6 percent of the total annual domestic consumption and is estimated to contribute significantly to the discharge of mercury (14 percent in one study) to waste-water streams. Publicly owned treatment works (POTW) must obtain and comply with a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System waste-water discharge permit. When minimal mercury discharge limits into surface waters are exceeded, an upstream search for contributors of mercury to the waste stream may result. Given the present sociopolitical environment, mercury discharge from dental offices will increasingly receive scrutiny. Strategies to minimize discharge of mercury/amalgam waste include engineering controls such as changes in the discharge process, changes in the composition of commercial products, and changes in control equipment. Governmental strategies include an outright ban, the setting of discharge standards, and educational efforts. Study of these strategies with evaluation of effectiveness is needed.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of serum specimens from patients with monoclonal gammopathies. (1982)

We modified the ISO-DALT two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system to allow the routine examination of serum specimens from patients with monoclonal gammopathies. This system, MC-Iso 1, is characterized by a broad pH gradient for resolving the basic immunoglobulin heavy and light chains. The increased resolution of basic proteins may be explained on theoretical grounds by an increase in voltage in this region of the cell. Ancillary techniques, such as those for albumin removal and pI assignment through use of charge standards, have also been implemented. The locations of immunoglobulin heavy chains have been confirmed by examination of over 250 serum samples as well as by "electro-blotting," with use of specific antisera. IgG subclass may also be predicted by location, but not with perfect accuracy. Differentiation of kappa and lambda light chains by relative mobility has been examined; the predictive value for correct identification of kappa chains is 83%, that for lambda chains 69%. Several unknown proteins have been observed in macroglobulinemia, related to mu heavy chain. Finally, we have determined that there is excellent correlation between non-denaturing isoelectric focusing and our system for pI assignment of light chains. This has importance due to reports of the potential importance of light-chain pI in the development of renal disease in patients with monoclonal gammopathies.
Noradrenergic and peptidergic innervation of the mouse femur bone marrow (1996)

The innervation of bone marrow from femur bones of BALB/c mice was studied by means of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence histochemistry. The immunoperoxidase method with nickel amplification was applied to visualize the topographical distribution of nerve fibers using antibodies against the general neuronal marker PGP 9.5 (neuron-specific cytoplasmic protein), catecholamine synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence was also applied to demonstrate catecholamine-containing nerves. Both staining methods revealed dense innervation by fibers seen predominantly around blood vessels but also ramifying among marrow cells. Recent findings on adrenergic and peptidergic influences on marrow physiology combined with anatomical data indicate the existence of a neural modulation of hematopoiesis.
Catch-up Growth Based on International Talent Mobility in an Idea-Based World (2003)

We show how catch-up growth can result when immigrant ties of talented people to their home countries facilitate technology diffusion from world technological leaders to developing countries. The aspect of immigrant link we focus on is knowledge spillover through various programs of international exchange to draw upon the expertise of the individuals who have migrated—a type of externality effect on the ∗Correspondence Address: Professor Hian Teck Hoon, School of Economics and Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 469 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 259756, Republic of Singapore; e-mail: hthoon@smu.edu.sg; tel: (65)-6822-0248; fax: (65)-68220833.
A High IIP2 Mixer Enhanced by a New Calibration Technique for Zero-IF Receivers (2008)

The second-order intercept point (IP2) performance of direct conversion receivers is limited by the second-order nonlinearity of the mixer. A new technique which is based on calibrating mixer by injecting a programmable nonlinear current into the mixer output is introduced in this paper. The proposed calibration technique can be used in multistandard mixers. A CMOS mixer demonstrating the performance for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System application and working with supplies as low as 1 V is designed in a 65-nm technology. The simulation results show that the mixer IIP2 is improved more than 25 dB while the mixer current consumption is increased less than 1 mA. The calibration circuit is low noise not to affect the mixer noise figure.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> degradation of biomimetic octacalcium phosphate and carbonate apatite coatings on titanium implants (2002)

Calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coatings have been applied onto titanium alloys prosthesis to combine the srength of metals with the bioactivity of Ca-P. It has been clearly shown in many publications that Ca-P coating accelerates bone formation around the implant. However, longevity of the Ca-P coating for an optimal bone apposition onto the prosthesis remains controversial. Biomimetic bone-like carbonate apatite (BCA) and Octacalcium Phosphate (OCP) coatings were deposited on Ti6Al4V samples to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo dissolution properties. The coated plates were soaked in alpha-MEM for 1, 2, and 4 weeks, and they were analyzed by Back Scattering Electron Microscopy (BSEM) and by Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR). Identical coated plates were implanted subcutaneously in Wistar rats for similar periods. BSEM, FTIR, and histomorphometry were performed on the explants. In vitro and in vivo, a carbonate apatite (CA) formed onto OCP and BCA coatings via a dissolution-precipitation process. In vitro, both coatings dissolved overtime, whereas in vivo BCA calcified and OCP partially dissolved after 1 week. Thereafter, OCP remained stable. This different in vivo behavior can be attributed to (1) different organic compounds that might prevent or enhance Ca-P dissolution, (2) a greater reactivity of OCP due to its large open structure, or (3) different thermodynamic stability between OCP and BCA phases. These structural and compositional differences promote either the progressive loss or calcification of the Ca-P coating and might lead to different osseointegration of coated implants.
Fundamentals of algorithmics (1996)

1. Preliminaries. 2. Elementary Algorithmicss. 3. Asymptotic Notation. 4. Analysis of Algorithms. 5. Some Data Structures. 6. Greedy Algorithms. 7. Divide-And-Conquer. 8. Dynamic Programming. 9. Exploring Graphs. 10. Probabilistic Algorithms. 11. Parallel Algorithms. 12. Computational Complexity. 13. Heuristic and Approximate Algorithms. References. Index.
Strategies for low detection limit measurements with cyclic voltammetry (1991)

Cyclic voltammetry of Nafion-coated, carbon-fiber electrodes is used to detect trace concentrations of dopamine, both in a flow injection apparatus and in the brain of an anaesthetized rat. To improve signal-to-noise ratios, the sources of noise during cyclic voltammetry have been determined and strategies have been developed to decrease the noise. With the potentiostat employed, the measured noise is comparable to that expected for Johnson noise from the feedback resistor of the current transducer. Additional noise arises from the waveform generator employed and, in some cases, line noise. Line noise is discriminated against by starting each cyclic voltammogram either in phase or 180 degrees out of phase with the line frequency. When used in vivo, additional noise also arises from the physiological activity of the animal. Detection limits are found to closely correspond to those predicted on the basis of simulation of the voltammetric shape and the measured noise. Detection limits are improved by the use of appropriate analog and digital filtering, ensemble averaging, and appropriate timing of repetitive cyclic voltammograms. The combined use of these techniques enables the in vivo detection of approximately 100 nM of dopamine with a signal-to-noise ratio of 25.
Laser driver for soft-x-ray projection lithography (1993)

A design of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser for use as the driver for a soft-x-ray projection lithography system is described. This laser will output up to 1 J per pulse with a 2- to 5-ns pulse duration and a 400-Hz pulse repetition rate. The design employs microchannel-cooled diode laser arrays, zigzag slab energy storage, a regenerative amplifier cavity that uses phase conjugator beam correction for near-diffraction-limited beam quality, and stimulated Brillouin scattering pulse compression to achieve the required pulse length.
Water Salinity and Crop Yield (1999)

Irrigated agriculture in Utah depends on adequate, high-quality water supplies. As the level of salt increases in an irrigation source, the quality of that water for plant growth decreases. All irrigation waters contain some salt. In many areas, good quality (low salt and low sodium) water is not available for irrigation, consequently waters containing high levels of salt must be used. A measure of water salinity that is important for crop yield is Electrical Conductivity (EC). EC is measured in units of deci-siemens per meter, or dS/m. The higher the EC the higher the level of salts in the water and the more difficult it is to grow plants with that water. Increasing salinity affects growth mainly by reducing the plants ability to absorb water. CROP YIELD RESPONSE TO SALINITY Considerable study relating crop yield response to waters of different salinities has been summarized in “Water Quality for Agriculture ” (1). Generally, crops are classified into four major groups: sensitive, moderately sensitive, moderately tolerant, or tolerant of salinity in irrigation waters (Table 1). Table 1. Relative salinity tolerance categories for typical Utah crops (listed in order of decreasing tolerance). Salinity tolerance information for additional crops can be obtained from reference 3 at the end of this guide.
Measurement of Specific Mechanical Impedance of the Skin: Effects of Static Force, Site of Stimulation, Area of Probe, and Presence of a Surround (1972)

This study attempted to investigate the mechanical response of skin-tissue systems under conditions commonly employed in psychophysical investigations of the tactile system. The influence of these conditions on the specific mechanical impedance was determined and evidence was found suggesting that if one desires to avoid altering the mechanical characteristics, then the parameters to be controlled are the pressure exerted by the probe and the area of the probe. The presence of a surround also influenced the mechanical characteristics when the site of stimulation was the volar forearm, but not when it was the finger or the thenar eminence.
Sampling-based garbage collection metadata management scheme for flash-based storage (2011)

Existing garbage collection algorithms for the flash-based storage use score-based heuristics to select victim blocks for reclaiming free space and wear leveling. The score for a block is estimated using metadata information such as age, block utilization, and erase count. To quickly find a victim block, these algorithms maintain a priority queue in the SRAM of the storage controller. This priority queue takes O(K) space, where K stands for flash storage capacity in total number of blocks. As the flash capacity scales to larger size, K also scales to larger value. However, due to higher price per byte, SRAM will not scale proportionately. In this case, due to SRAM scarcity, it will be challenging to implement a larger priority queue in the limited SRAM of a large-capacity flash storage. In addition to space issue, with any update in the metadata information, the priority queue needs to be continuously updated, which takes O(lg(K)) operations. This computation overhead also increases with the increase of flash capacity. In this paper, we have taken a novel approach to solve the garbage collection metadata management problem of a large-capacity flash storage. We propose a sampling-based approach to approximate existing garbage collection algorithms in the limited SRAM space. Since these algorithms are heuristic-based, our sampling-based algorithm will perform as good as unsampled (original) algorithm, if we choose good samples to make garbage collection decisions. We propose a very simple policy to choose samples. Our experimental results show that small number of samples are good enough to emulate existing garbage collection algorithms.
Peritoneal Damage: The Inflammatory Response and Clinical Implications of the Neuro‐Immuno‐Humoral Axis (2010)

Interventions that dampen the peritoneal response and/or block the neuro-immuno-humoral pathway should be further investigated as possible avenues of enhancing recovery after surgery, and reducing postoperative complications.
Low resistance Ohmic contact scheme (∼μΩ cm2) to <i>p</i>-InP (1997)

A low resistance Pd/Sb/Zn/Pd Ohmic contact based on the solid phase regrowth principle has been investigated to p-InP. Contact resistivity as low as ∼2×10−6 Ω cm2 has been obtained for samples annealed at 500 °C for 1 min. The Ohmic behavior can be rationalized by the formation of a heavily doped surface layer or a heterojunction. The InSb phase responsible for the observed low resistivity is identified using the x-ray diffraction technique.
Unbiased estimation of total β‐cell number and mean β‐cell volume in rodent pancreas (1999)

We describe a method for unbiased assumption-free estimation of the total number of beta-cells and the mean beta-cell volume in mouse and rat pancreas based on light microscopy. Such a method, which takes advantage of one of the most recent developments in stereology, the fractionator, has not previously been described. It relies on repeated fractionation of the tissue using systematic uniform random sampling combined with an unbiased counting principle. The method was applied to eight BALB/cBom male mice (56 days) and six Lewis/MOL male rats (47 days). In mice, the total number of beta-cells was 1.06 +/- 0.07 x 10(6) (mean +/- SEM) per pancreas with a mean beta-cell volume of 1280 +/- 17 microm3, while in rats the total beta-cell number was 2.76 +/- 0.42 x 10(6) per pancreas with a mean beta-cell volume of 1170 +/- 65 microm3. Furthermore, the results showed that in both species the biological variability in the total beta-cell volume is due to differences in the number of beta-cells rather than variability of the mean beta-cell volume. The method can be used to give a precise description of number and volume of beta-cells at different ages, and will make it possible to estimate the contributions of hyper/hypotrophia and hyper/hypoplasia to a given induced or spontaneous change in the total beta-cell mass.