gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Reaction Kinetics of Proline Dehydrogenase in the Multifunctional Proline Utilization A Protein (2011)

The multifunctional proline utilization A (PutA) flavoenzyme from Escherichia coli catalyzes the oxidation of proline to glutamate in two reaction steps using separate proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) dehydrogenase domains. Here, the kinetic mechanism of PRODH in PutA is studied by stopped-flow kinetics to determine microscopic rate constants for the proline:ubiquinone oxidoreductase mechanism. Stopped-flow data for proline reduction of the flavin cofactor (reductive half-reaction) and oxidation of reduced flavin by CoQ(1) (oxidative half-reaction) were best-fit by a double exponential from which maximum observable rate constants and apparent equilibrium dissociation constants were determined. Flavin semiquinone was not observed in the reductive or oxidative reactions. Microscopic rate constants for steps in the reductive and oxidative half-reactions were obtained by globally fitting the stopped-flow data to a simulated mechanism that includes a chemical step followed by an isomerization event. A microscopic rate constant of 27.5 s(-1) was determined for proline reduction of the flavin cofactor followed by an isomerization step of 2.2 s(-1). The isomerization step is proposed to report on a previously identified flavin-dependent conformational change [Zhang, W. et al. (2007) Biochemistry 46, 483-491] that is important for PutA functional switching but is not kinetically relevant to the in vitro mechanism. Using CoQ(1), a soluble analogue of ubiquinone, a rate constant of 5.4 s(-1) was obtained for the oxidation of flavin, thus indicating that this oxidative step is rate-limiting for k(cat) during catalytic turnover. Steady-state kinetic constants calculated from the microscopic rate constants agree with the experimental k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) parameters.
Melting Curve SNP (McSNP) Genotyping: a Useful Approach for Diallelic Genotyping in Forensic Science (2002)

The increasing availability of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and Deletion/Insertion Polymorphisms (DIPs), as well as the outstanding progress in SNP genotyping technologies, will impact forensics profoundly. We have developed a new method for genotyping SNPs and DIPs, which is based on the determination of melting curve profiles of amplified DNA in solution. We have termed this method Melting curve SNP (McSNP) genotyping. Melting curve profiles are composites of the particular melting temperatures (Tm) of the individual fragments that comprise the DNA sample. Simple mixtures of DNA can be resolved in a very robust and efficient fashion, since the samples can be scored in the plates in which they were amplified with no or very few post-PCR manipulations. As such, McSNP is one of the least expensive genotyping methods available and can and should be useful in forensic science.
Utility of VOMS, SCAT3, and ImPACT Baseline Evaluations for Acute Concussion Identification in Collegiate Athletes: Findings From the NCAA-DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium (2022)

VOMS Total and symptom severity (SCAT3, PCSS) total scores had large effect sizes and clinically useful AUCs for identifying acute concussion. However, all tools demonstrated high within-patient test-retest variability, resulting in poor reliability. The findings in this sample of collegiate athletes suggest that incorporating baseline assessments does not significantly increase diagnostic yield for acute concussion.
Coherent Control of Nanoscale Light Localization in Metamaterial: Creating and Positioning Isolated Subwavelength Energy Hot Spots (2011)

We show the strong optically induced interactions between discrete metamolecules in a metamaterial system and coherent monochromatic continuous light beam with a spatially tailored phase profile can be used to prepare a subwavelength scale energy localization. Well-isolated energy hot spots of a fraction of a wavelength can be created and positioned on the metamaterial landscape offering new opportunities for data storage and imaging applications.
Lipase inhibition: a novel concept in the treatment of obesity. (1993)

Orlistat (Ro 18-0647) is an inhibitor of gastric, carboxylester and pancreatic lipase and specifically reduces the absorption of dietary fat due to the inhibition of triglyceride hydrolysis. Orlistat can be used for the treatment of obesity. Of 52 healthy obese patients entering a four-week single-blind run-in period with diet (500 kcal-reduced, containing 30% of calories in the form of fat) and placebo three times a day, 44 patients showed compliance to the diet by reducing their body weight by 0.5-4 kg from screening. These patients were randomized for a 12-week double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled treatment period with diet and 50 mg Orlistat or placebo three times a day. Complete data were available for 39 patients, 20 on Orlistat (3 men, 17 women; mean weight 85.5 +/- 12.1 kg; mean body mass index 30.6 +/- 3.7 kg/m2) and 19 on placebo (3 men, 16 women; mean weight 81.9 +/- 7.9 kg; mean body mass index 30.0 +/- 2.6 kg/m2. Total weight loss after randomization was 4.3 +/- 3.4 kg in the Orlistat group and 2.1 +/- 2.8 kg in the placebo group (P = 0.025, analysis of variance with repeated measurements; 95% confidence interval for the weight loss difference 0.2-4.2 kg). Gastrointestinal side effects were seen in the Orlistat group, but in most patients the symptoms were mild or transient. One patient dropped out because of faecal incontinence. No effect was seen on vitamin A levels, but vitamin E levels became lower in the Orlistat group (P < 0.05, paired t test).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Indexes of Severity for Osteoarthritis of the Hip and Knee:<i>Validation–Value in Comparison with Other Assessment Tests</i> (1987)

The index for hip disease (ISH) was established, validated and appraised as a new assessment test for the trial of new drugs as well as for long-term follow-up of patients, and to help with future indications for surgery. The ISH deals with pain, maximum walking distance, and some activities of daily living. Inter-observer reproducibility is good (mean deviation 0.55 points; p less than 0.05). In a short-term, double-blind crossover trial, the ISH, judged according to its power to distinguish between the active drug period and the placebo period, appears as one of the best assessment tests. In the long term, total hip prosthesis is most often justified when the ISH score reaches 10-12 points. The index of severity for knee disease (ISK) was validated and appraised by the same statistical methods. Its value in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or analgesic trials is lower than the value of the ISH. However, its use is still justified for that purpose, and for long-term follow-up of osteoarthritis of the knee.
Endogenous versus exogenous fatty acid availability affects lysosomal acidity and MHC class II expression (2006)

Although the immune system, inflammation, and cellular metabolism are linked to diseases associated with dyslipidemias, the mechanism(s) remain unclear. To determine whether there is a mechanistic link between lipid availability and inflammation/immune activation, we evaluated macrophage cell lines incubated under conditions of altered exogenous and endogenous lipid availability. Limiting exogenous lipids results in decreased lysosomal acidity and decreased lysosomal enzymatic activity. Both lysosomal parameters are restored with the addition of oleoyl-CoA, suggesting that fatty acids play a role in the regulation of lysosomal function. Cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded molecules is also decreased in the absence of exogenous lipids. Additionally, we observe decreased gamma-interferon stimulation of cell surface MHC class II. Using cerulenin to limit the endogenous synthesis of fatty acids results in decreased cell surface expression of MHC class II but does not appear to alter lysosomal acidity, suggesting that lysosomal acidity is dependent on exogenous, but not endogenous, fatty acid availability. Testing these conclusions in an in vivo mouse model, we observed statistically significant, diet-dependent differences in lysosomal acidity and MHC class II cell surface expression. Collectively, these data demonstrate a mechanistic link between lipid availability and early events in the immune response.
Advances in Rock Dynamics and Applications (2011)

* Introduction Yingxin Zhou & Jian Zhao * An overview of some recent progress in rock dynamics research Jian Zhao * Split Hopkinson pressure bar tests of rocks: Advances in experimental techniques and applications to rock strenght and facture Kaiwen Xia, Feng Dai and Rong Chen * Modified Hopkinson bar technologies applied to the high strain rate rock tests Ezio Cadoni and Carlo Albertini * Wave shaping by special shaped triker in SHPB tests Xibing Li, Zilong Zhou, Deshun Liu, Yang Zou and Tubing Yin * Laboratory compressive and tensile testing of rock dynamic properties Haibo Li, Junru Li and Jian Zhao * Penetration and perforation of rock targets by hard projectiles Chong Chiang Seah, Tore Borvik, Sven Remseth and Tso-Chien Pan * Incubation time based fracture mechanics and optimization of energy input in the fracture process of rocks Yuri Petrov, Vladimir Bratov, Grigory Volkov and Evgeny Dolmatov * Discontinuous approaches of wave propagation across rock joints Xiaobao Zhao, Jianbo Zhu, Jungang Cai and Jian Zhao * Equivalent medium model with virtual wave source method for wave propagation analysis in jointed rock masses Jianchun Li, Guowei Ma and Jian Zhao * Polycrystalline model for heterogeneous rock based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics method Guowei Ma, Xuejun Wang and Lei He * Finite Element Method modeling of rock dynamic failure Chun'an Tang and Yuefeng Yang * Discontinuum-based numerical modeling of rock dynamic fracturing and failure Tohid Kazerani and Jian Zhao * Manifold and advanced numerical techniques for discontinuous dynamic computations Gaofeng Zhao, Gen-Hua Shi and Jian Zhao * Earthquakes as a rock dynamic problem and their effects on rock engineering structures Omer Aydan, Yoshimi Ohta, Mitsuo Daido, Halil Kumsar, Melih Genis, Naohiko Takashiki, Takashi Ito and Mehdi Amini * Constraining paleoseismic PGA using numerical analysis of structural failures in historic masonry structures: Review of recent results Yossef H. Hatzor and Gony Yagoda-Biran * Explosion loading and tunnel response, Yingxin Zhou * Rock support for underground excavations subjected to dynamic loads and failure Charlie Chunlin Li
Circulating Interferon in Mice after Intravenous Injection of Virus (1963)

Circulating interferon was detectable in mouse serum within 1 hour after the intravenous injection of various types of virus and it reached maximum levels in about 4 hours. Rapidly produced interferon may play a role in the pathogenesis of viral infection and in viral interference.
Large Scale Spectral Clustering with Landmark-Based Representation (2011)

Spectral clustering is one of the most popular clustering approaches. Despite its good performance, it is limited in its applicability to large-scale problems due to its high computational complexity. Recently, many approaches have been proposed to accelerate the spectral clustering. Unfortunately, these methods usually sacrifice quite a lot information of the original data, thus result in a degradation of performance. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, called Landmark-based Spectral Clustering (LSC), for large scale clustering problems. Specifically, we select $p\ (\ll n)$ representative data points as the landmarks and represent the original data points as the linear combinations of these landmarks. The spectral embedding of the data can then be efficiently computed with the landmark-based representation. The proposed algorithm scales linearly with the problem size. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach comparing to the state-of-the-art methods.
Twentieth-century type (1993)

1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 and beyond description of letterforms typeface categories.
THE EFFECT OF SYSTEMIC CYCLOSPORIN A ON A HAIRLESS MOUSE MODEL OF PHOTOAGING (1992)

The mechanisms that cause skin wrinkling in response to chronic exposure to sunlight are unknown. We investigated the possibility that wrinkling of Skh-1 hairless mice is associated with an ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced immunologic alteration. Exposing Skh-1 hairless mice to a regimen of nonerythemal UV-B (290-320 nm) radiation induced skin wrinkles after 6-7 weeks. Concomitant treatment with cyclosporin A decreased the time to the onset of wrinkles to approximately 4 weeks. Exposing HRS/J hairless mice or athymic nude mice to a similar nonerythemal UV-B radiation regimen for 10 weeks failed to induce skin wrinkles. Concomitant administration of cyclosporin A and UV-B radiation for 7 weeks to HRS/J hairless mice induced no skin wrinkles. Ultraviolet-B or UV-B plus cyclosporin A exposure caused increased immunohistochemical staining for Ia and F4/80 antigens in the upper dermis of tissue from Skh-1 mice, as compared to controls. Treating Skh-1 mice with UV-B radiation plus cyclosporin A was also associated with a large increase in the number of CD3+ cells in the dermis. These staining patterns were absent in similarly treated HRS/J hairless mice. Dermal mast cell numbers in Skh-1 mice were 2-3-fold higher than in HRS/J, athymic nude or NSA mice. Treatment with cyclosporin A increased Skh-1 dermal mast cell numbers approximately 2-fold but had no effect on the dermal mast cell numbers in HRS/J or NSA mice. Based on these findings we postulate that UV-B light and cyclosporin A exacerbate an immunological condition in Skh-1 mice, one consequence of which is manifested as skin wrinkles. Thus, the induction of skin wrinkles in this mouse strain may have no relevance to the wrinkles observed in human skin after chronic exposure to sunlight.
Introduction to PCI Express: A Hardware and Software Developer's Guide (2003)

From the Publisher:
This book offers an introduction to PCI Express, a new I/O technology for desktop, mobile, server and communications platforms designed to allow increasing levels of computer system performance. 
Hardware and software developers will discover how to employ PCI Express technology to overcome the practical performance limits of existing multi-drop, parallel bus technology.
Introduction to PCI Express explains critical technical considerations that both hardware and software developers need to understand to take full advantage of PCI Express technology in next generation systems. 
Learn about: 
Metrics and criteria for developers and product planners to consider in adopting PCI Express Applications for desktop, mobile, server and communications platforms that will benefit significantly from PCI Express technology Implications for hardware and software developers of the layered architecture of PCI Express Features of PCI Express available in legacy software environments Comparison of features of PCI Express, PCI-X and PCI New form factors mechanical designs enabled by PCI Express
New method for measuring the spot size of single-mode fibers (1980)

A new method is proposed for the determination of the spot size of a monomode fiber based on the theory of splice losses and involving measurements of the transmitted power as a function of misalignments of the fiber axes.
Bifunctional PD-1 × αCD3 × αCD33 fusion protein reverses adaptive immune escape in acute myeloid leukemia (2018)

The CD33-targeting bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) AMG 330 proved to be highly efficient in mediating cytolysis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in vitro and in mouse models. Yet, T-cell activation is correlated with upregulation of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and other inhibitory checkpoints on AML cells that confer adaptive immune resistance. PD-1 and PD-L1 blocking agents may counteract T-cell dysfunction, however, at the expense of broadly distributed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We developed a bifunctional checkpoint inhibitory T cell-engaging (CiTE) antibody that combines T-cell redirection to CD33 on AML cells with locally restricted immune checkpoint blockade. This is accomplished by fusing the extracellular domain of PD-1 (PD-1<sub>ex</sub>), which naturally holds a low affinity to PD-L1, to an αCD3.αCD33 BiTE-like scaffold. By a synergistic effect of checkpoint blockade and avidity-dependent binding, the PD-1<sub>ex</sub> attachment increases T-cell activation (3.3-fold elevation of interferon-γ) and leads to efficient and highly selective cytotoxicity against CD33<sup>+</sup>PD-L1<sup>+</sup> cell lines (50% effective concentration = 2.3-26.9 pM) as well as patient-derived AML cells (n = 8). In a murine xenograft model, the CiTE induces complete AML eradication without initial signs of irAEs as measured by body weight loss. We conclude that our molecule preferentially targets AML cells, whereas high-affinity blockers, such as clinically approved anticancer agents, also address PD-L1<sup>+</sup> non-AML cells. By combining the high efficacy of T-cell engagers with immune checkpoint blockade in a single molecule, we expect to minimize irAEs associated with the systemic application of immune checkpoint inhibitors and suggest high therapeutic potential, particularly for patients with relapsed/ refractory AML.
A minimally invasive ultrasound probe using non-coax cabling (2002)

The electrical and acoustical performance of ultrasonic transducers is critically dependent on the characteristics of the cable to which they are attached. The traditional solution for medical ultrasound probes is to use coaxial cables. However, as the number of elements increases and as size and weight requirements become of more concern, the pressure for cabling solutions that are smaller, lighter, and less expensive also continues to increase. One solution is to use non-coaxial ribbon cables that have been designed to minimize crosstalk and provide higher signal density and better ergonomics. Minimally-invasive ultrasound probes are a natural place for early adoption of this kind of nontraditional cable since laparoscopic, endoscopic, and catheter probes have exceptionally difficult space constraints. This paper describes the use of IMAGIN/sup TM/ probe cable and MICROFLAT/sup TM/ ribbon cable, products developed by the W.L. Gore company, for a wiring harness of an ultrasound laparoscope containing a 128 element array. Small coaxial cables physically fit but are very difficult to terminate.
Performance aspects of a quantum-well detector (1988)

Calculations of the quantum efficiency and detectivity of an infrared detector based on photoemission from a quantum well are presented. The detector is most efficient when a resonant-extended state exists near the top of the well. The quantum efficiency also increases with increasing electron density. However, due to screening, the absorption peaks at a higher energy than the difference of the energies of the resonant-extended and the bound states by an amount which is proportional to the carrier density in the well. This causes the detectivity (D*) to have a maximum with respect to electron density. We have estimated the dark current and found that, for a GaAs quantum-well detector designed for 10-μm operation, the optimal electron density was 2×1011 cm−2 at 77 K. We have also performed calculations for a quantum-well detector for which the light coupling has been enhanced by incorporating a diffraction grating into the detector. For the stated electron density, we find a D* of 2.8×1011 cm Hz1/2/W and a quantum efficiency of 23%. If the electron density is raised to 8×1011 cm−2, the quantum efficiency rises to 61%, but D* falls to 1.9×1010 cm Hz1/2/W.
Temperature Effects on the Peripheral Auditory Apparatus (1965)

Cooling with a thermoelectric cold probe, well localized in the region of the cochlea, produces a rapid, reversible decrease in the amplitude and increase in the latency of the action potential induced by clicks. These changes closely resemble those produced by reducing click intensity. Temperature also affects the amplitude of the cochlear microphonic, but the amount of change is considerably less than, and is poorly correlated with, the amplitlude change of the action potential. It is speculated that temperature may act on a hypothetical " excitatory process" in the cochlea, which comes after the cochlear microphonic in the sequence leading to production of the action potential of the auditory nerve.
Correction: The NOD/RIP2 Pathway Is Essential for Host Defenses Against Chlamydophila pneumoniae Lung Infection (2009)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Advances in Optical Fibre Communications (1982)

The basic concept of an optical fibre communication system, in which information is transmitted in the form of an optical signal guided along a glass fibre, was first proposed by Kao and Hockham of Standard Telecommunication Laboratories in 1966. Since that date there has been considerable work, world-wide, on the development of low-loss optical fibre, semiconductor light sources and detectors, which has culminated in recent years in the large scale implementation of digital optical fibre systems in the telecommunication networks of several countries–principally the UK, USA and Japan.
Fastest Thickness Measurements with a Terahertz Time-Domain System Based on Electronically Controlled Optical Sampling (2019)

We apply a fast terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) system based on electronically controlled optical sampling (ECOPS) to contact-free thickness gauging. Our setup achieves a measurement speed of 1600 terahertz pulse traces per second, which—to our knowledge—represents the fastest thickness measurement performed with any terahertz system to-date. Using a silicon wafer as a test sample, we compare data of the ECOPS experiment to results obtained with a conventional terahertz TDS system and a mechanical micrometer gauge. We show that all systems provide consistent results within the measurement accuracy. Moreover, we perform thickness measurements of a rapidly moving sample and characterize the ECOPS setup with respect to time-domain dynamic range, signal-to-noise ratio, and spectral properties.
Balancing Web server load for adaptable video distribution (2002)

As Web infrastructures continue to develop, the need to have network-sensitive Web servers will continue become more important. In particular, current network routers do not bias against flows that use more than their fair share of bandwidth. In the future, however, this will not be true, requiring the Web servers to be network-sensitive. In this paper, we investigate techniques for balancing Web server load in servers that support network-sensitive video delivery. The goal of this research is to provide a scalable infrastructure that is well-balanced in terms of response times. Our results show that we can significantly improve current DNS (Domain Name System) schemes for Web server balancing.
Apolipoprotein CIII-Induced THP-1 Cell Adhesion to Endothelial Cells Involves Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive G Protein- and Protein Kinase Cα-Mediated Nuclear Factor-κB Activation (2006)

PTX-sensitive G protein pathway participates critically in PKC alpha stimulation in THP-1 cells exposed to apoCIII, activating NF-kappaB, and increasing beta1-integrin. This action causes monocytic cells to adhere to endothelial cells. Furthermore, because leukocyte NF-kappaB activation contributes to inflammatory aspects of atherogenesis, apoCIII may stimulate diverse inflammatory responses through monocyte activation.