Polymers, Phosphors, and Voltaics for Radioisotope Microbatteries (2002)

CONVERSION OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY ENERGY TO ELECTRICITY, A. G. Kavetsky, S. P. Meleshkov, M. M. Sychov Interaction of Ionizing Radiation with Matter Basic Principles of Conversion of Radioactive Decay Energy to Electricity RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, IONIZING RADIATION SOURCES, AND RADIOLUMINESCENT LIGHT SOURCES FOR NUCLEAR BATTERIES, A. G. Kavetsky, S. N. Nekhoroshkov, S. P. Meleshkov, Y. L. Kaminski, G. P. Akulov Tritium-Containing Radioactive Materials Spectral and Power Characteristics of Beta Sources Radioluminescent Light Sources NONRADIOACTIVE MATERIALS FOR NUCLEAR BATTERIES, A. G. Kavetsky, Y. L. Kaminski, G. P. Akulov, S. P. Meleshkov Inorganic Luminescent Materials Organic Luminophores Plastic Scintillators RADIATION-INDUCED PROCESSES IN PHOSPHORS, A. G. Kavetsky, S. P. Meleshkov Influence of Irradiation on the Luminescence of Phosphors Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Degradation of Phosphors RADIATION STABILITY OF ORGANIC MATERIALS FOR NUCLEAR BATTERIES, Y. L. Kaminski, G. P. Akulov Radiolytic Degradation of Tritium-Containing Organic Compounds Formation of Reactive Intermediates in Polymer Radiolysis Radiation-Induced Changes in Polymer Properties Radiolysis of Organic Luminophores Radiation Protection of Polylmers SILICON VOLTAICS FOR DIRECT AND INDIRECT RADIOACTIVE DECAY ENERGY CONVERSION INTO ELECTRICITY, V.B. Shuman Formulation of the Problem Silicon Cells for Direct Conversion of Tritium Silicon Cells for Indirect Conversion of Tritium Miniaturization and Design of Tritium Battery Silicon Cells Integrated Silicon Low-Intensity Radiation Betavoltaic Cells NUCLEAR BATTERIES BASED ON III-V SEMICONDUCTORS, V.M. Andreev Modeling the Efficiency of III-V Photovoltaic Cells for Radioluminescent Lighting Photovoltaic Cells and Arrays Based on AlGaAs-GaAs and AlGaP-GaP Heterostructures Betavoltaic Cells Based on AlGaAs-GaAs and GaP Thermophotovoltaic III-V Converters Powered by Radioisotope Heat Sources WIDE-BAND SEMICONDUCTORS FOR DIRECT-CONVERSION NUCLEAR BATTERIES, Y.G. Shreter, Y.T. Rebane, and N.I. Bochkareva Material Specifications for Semiconductor Nuclear Batteries Energy Loss and the Generation of Electron-Hole Pairs by Beta Electrons Carrier Separation by Thin-Film MS and MIS Diodes Formation Mechanisms of Schottky Contacts to Wide-Band Semiconductors III-Nitrides as New Materials for Betavoltaic Cells Radiation Resistance of III-Nitrides Betavoltaic Cells Based on Gallium Nitride ORGANIC PHOTOCONDUCTING MATERIALS, T.A. Iourre, L.I. Rudaya, N.V. Klimova Introduction Organic-Based Photovoltaic Cells Stimulating Photosynthesis Application of Phthalocyanines in PV Electronic Devices Other Dyes Used in Photovoltaic Electrical Devices Fullerenes Conducting Polymers Design and Encapsulation of PV Devices RADIOISOTOPE MICROBATTERY COMMERCIALIZATION, K.E. Bower, A.F. Rutkiewic, C.C. Bower, and S. M. Yousaf Introduction Battery, Microelectronics, and MEMS Market Projection Energy Density Comparison of Radioisotopes with Chemical Batteries, Fossil Fuels, Fuel Cells, Solar Cells, and Biochemical Solar Systems Ultra-low-Power Microelectronics Applications Keywords: Nanoscience, Nanotechnology