gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Elastic Modulus of the Bovine Cornea by Means of Holographic Interferometry. Part 1. Method and Experiment (1993)

Holographic interferometry of the cornea of fresh, enucleated bovine eyes placed in air was used for determination of the elastic modulus of the central part of the cornea. The high sensitivity of the method enables measurement of the radial distension of the cornea even for intraocular pressure (IOP) changes equal to 5 Pa (0.05 mbar or approximately 0.0375 mm Hg). The method of calculation of the tangent Young's modulus of the cornea Et, based on data obtained from double exposure as well as real-time holographic interferograms and on some geometrical data describing the form of the cornea are presented. The average value of Et amounting to 1.42.10(5) Pa was calculated from 2 interferograms of the same eye.
Neural Basis of Haptic Perception (2002)

Abstract Haptic perception depends on four types of cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Combined psychophysical and neurophysiological research supports the idea that each of the four mechanoreceptive afferent systems innervating the hand serves a distinctly different perceptual function and that haptic perception can be understood as the sum of these functions. The evidence reviewed in this chapter supports the following synthesis: (1) SA1 mechanoreceptive afferent, which innervate the skin densely and are selectively responsive to points, edges and curvature, are responsible for form and texture perception. (2) RA mechanoreceptive afferents, which also innervate the skin densely, are responsible for motion detection. Their most important function is the provision of feedback signals about slip between the skin and an object held in the hand, which is critical for grip control. (3) Pacinian afferents, which are extremely sensitive, are responsible for the perception of distant events through vibrations transmitted to the hand through tools, objects, and probes held in the hand. (4) SA2 mechanoreceptors provide information about skin stretch. Perhaps their most important function is the provision of a neural image of skin stretch that signals the shape of the hand and fingers.
A System for Identifying Genetic Networks from Gene Expression Patterns Produced by Gene Disruptions and Overexpressions. (1998)

A hot research topic in genomics is to analyze the interactions between genes by systematic gene disruptions and gene overexpressions. Based on a boolean network model without time delay, we have been investigating efficient strategies for identifying a genetic network by multiple gene disruptions and overexpressions. This paper first shows the relationship between our boolean network model without time delay and the standard synchronous boolean network model. Then we present a simulator of boolean networks without time delay for multiple gene disruptions and gene overexpressions, which includes a genetic network identifier with a graphic interface that generates instructions for experiments of gene disruptions and overexpressions.
Anti-actin specificity of human smooth muscle antibodies in chronic active hepatitis. (1976)

Thirty sera reacting by IFL technique in titres greater than or equal to 100 with smooth muscle fibres of rat stomach, rat renal glomeruli, and with the membrane region of thyroid cells were randomly chosen among sera sent in for routine testing of tissue antibodies. All sera but one were found to be derived from patients with chronic active hepatitis. The smooth muscle and other relevant cell staining were abolished after absorption of sera with actin, prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle and found to be homogeneous by SDS gel-electrophoresis and by electron microscopy. The actin anti-bodies were purified by precipitation of sera with F-actin and elution of the precipitates at acid pH. The purified antibodies stained all tissues in the same way as the original sera. In double immunodiffusion tests all thirty sera gave precipitation with actin. Thus, it was concluded that these broad-reacting SMA are directed against actin. The finding of high-titred SMA is of diagnostic value and supports the clinical diagnosis of active chronic hepatitis. In addition, anti-actin antibodies eluted from human sera are a suitable tool for studying actin-containing cellular structures.
AFM Imaging of RGD Presenting Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Using Gold Nanoparticles (2008)

Several high-resolution imaging techniques such as FESEM, TEM and AFM are compared with respect to their application on alginate hydrogels, a widely used polysaccharide biomaterial. A new AFM method applicable to RGD peptides covalently conjugated to alginate hydrogels is described. High-resolution images of RGD adhesion ligand distribution were obtained by labeling biotinylated RGD peptides with streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles. This method may broadly provide a useful tool for sECM characterization and design for tissue regeneration strategies.
The Ferric Sulphate-Sulphuric Acid Process: With a Chapter on Producing Small Bubbles of Gas in Liquids by Submerged Orifices (1927)

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over studies conducted on the ferric sulphate-sulphuric acid process. As stated in the introduction, "the work reported here comprises merely a study of the chemistry of the process and the mechanical conditions that would have to be observed in practice" (p. 1). This report includes tables, and illustrations.
Syntheses of 2-methoxyestradiol and eugenol template based diarylpropenes as non-steroidal anticancer agents (2014)

Syntheses of 2-methoxyestradiol (1) and eugenol (6) template based conformationally flexible and rigid diarylpropenes, 14(a–l) and 20(a–e), as nonsteroidal anticancer agents have been performed. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity in in vitro using a panel of human cancer cell lines viz. MCF-7, A549, DU 145, KB and MDA-MB-231by SRB assay. Compounds 14i, 14k and 15a showed significant anticancer activity at IC50 between 10.27 μM to 27.91 μM in different cancer cell lines. The most active molecule, 14k, inhibited proliferation of cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. In vitro toxicity of these compounds (14i, 14k and 15a) in healthy hepatic monocyte (THP-1) cells showed high selectivity of compounds towards cancerous vs. healthy cells.
Cell Senescence Abrogates the Therapeutic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Lethal Endotoxemia Model (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess unique paracrine and immunosuppressive properties, which make them useful candidates for cellular therapy. Here, we address how cellular senescence influences the therapeutic potential of human MSCs (hMSCs). Senescence was induced in bone marrow-derived hMSC cultures with gamma irradiation. Control and senescent cells were tested for their immunoregulatory activity in vitro and in vivo, and an extensive molecular characterization of the phenotypic changes induced by senescence was performed. We also compared the gene expression profiles of senescent hMSCs with a collection of hMSCs used in an ongoing clinical study of Graft Versus Host disease (GVHD). Our results show that senescence induces extensive phenotypic changes in hMSCs and abrogates their protective activity in a murine model of LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia. Although senescent hMSCs retain an ability to regulate the inflammatory response on macrophages in vitro, and, in part retain their capacity to significantly inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, they have a severely impaired migratory capacity in response to proinflammatory signals, which is associated with an inhibition of the AP-1 pathway. Additionally, expression analysis identified PLEC, C8orf48, TRPC4, and ZNF14, as differentially regulated genes in senescent hMSCs that were similarly regulated in those hMSCs which failed to produce a therapeutic effect in a GVHD trial. All the observed phenotypic alterations were confirmed in replicative-senescent hMSCs. In conclusion, this study highlights important changes in the immunomodulatory phenotype of senescent hMSCs and provides candidate gene signatures which may be useful to evaluate the therapeutic potential of hMSCs used in future clinical studies.
Stimulation artifact correction method for estimation of early cortico-cortical evoked potentials (2016)

This new correction method of stimulation artifact will enable investigators to better analyze early CCEP components and infer direct effective connectivity in future CCEP studies.
Cubic frequency temperature dependence in periodic structures of recessed electrodes on quartz (2012)

It is shown that the cubic frequency temperature characteristic of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) quartz resonator with electrodes positioned at the groove bottoms can be obtained. The admittance characteristics of periodic structures of aluminum electrodes positioned at the groove bottoms of a quartz substrate were calculated using FEM analysis and periodic Green's function method. The temperature coefficients of quartz material constants as well as temperature variations of geometrical dimensions of a unit cell were included in calculations. The temperature dependency of resonant frequency at the upper end of the reflection stop band shows cubic behavior with maximum frequency deviation +/-10 ppm in the temperature range from -30° to +80°C. The compensation of a non-zero second order temperature frequency coefficient can be possible due to temperature variation of the reflection coefficient in the periodic structure of electrodes and grooves.
Analysis of the surface quality of sulphur-coated urea particles in a two-dimensional spouted bed (2001)

In this work the quality of sulphur-coated urea was determined by the urea dissolution rate and analysed by electron microscopy. Particles of urea were coated in a two-dimensional spouted bed, having a 60° slanted base angle and an atomization nozzle installed at the base. Elementary sulphur was liquefied and atomized on the particles. The experiments were planned with the objective of verifying the influences of flowrates of sulphur and atomized air and the temperature of the air used in the spouted bed on the quality of the coated particle surface. The temperature of the spout air and the flowrate of the atomized air showed a significant influence on the quality of the coating.
Mutagenesis of lysine 460 in the human insulin receptor. Effects upon receptor recycling and cooperative interactions among binding sites. (1990)

Mutations in the insulin receptor gene can cause insulin resistance. Previously, we have identified a mutation substituting glutamic acid for lysine at position 460 in the alpha-subunit of the insulin receptor in a patient with a genetic form of insulin resistance. In the present work, we have investigated the effect upon receptor function of amino acid substitutions at position 460. Decreasing the pH from 8.0 to 5.5 caused a progressive acceleration of the dissociation of 125I-insulin from the wild-type insulin receptor. Substitution of acidic amino acids (Glu or Asp) for Lys460 decreased the ability of acid pH to accelerate dissociation of 125I-insulin. In contrast, substitution of Arg or neutral amino acids (Val, Met, Thr, or Gln) had no effect upon the sensitivity to acid pH. Correlated with decreased sensitivity to acid pH, substitution of Glu or Asp at position 460 retarded the dissociation of 125I-insulin from intracellular receptors subsequent to receptor-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, retardation of dissociation of 125I-insulin from the internalized receptor was associated with a decreased half-life of the receptor. In summary, the Glu460 mutation appears to cause insulin resistance by accelerating receptor degradation and, thereby, decreasing the number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. Additional studies suggested that Lys460 may provide the amino groups whereby disuccinimidyl suberate cross-links the two alpha-subunits to each other. Consistent with the hypothesis that Lys460 is located at the interface between adjacent alpha-subunits, substitutions at position 460 impair cooperative interactions among insulin binding sites. The Glu460 mutation decreases positively cooperative binding interactions; the Arg460 mutation impairs negative cooperativity. Mutations at position 460 in the alpha-subunit did not decrease the ability of insulin to stimulate receptor tyrosine kinase.
Dex-Net 3.0: Computing Robust Robot Suction Grasp Targets in Point Clouds using a New Analytic Model and Deep Learning (2017)

Vacuum-based end effectors are widely used in industry and are often preferred over parallel-jaw and multifinger grippers due to their ability to lift objects with a single point of contact. Suction grasp planners often target planar surfaces on point clouds near the estimated centroid of an object. In this paper, we propose a compliant suction contact model that computes the quality of the seal between the suction cup and local target surface and a measure of the ability of the suction grasp to resist an external gravity wrench. To characterize grasps, we estimate robustness to perturbations in end-effector and object pose, material properties, and external wrenches. We analyze grasps across 1,500 3D object models to generate Dex-Net 3.0, a dataset of 2.8 million point clouds, suction grasps, and grasp robustness labels. We use Dex-Net 3.0 to train a Grasp Quality Convolutional Neural Network (GQ-CNN) to classify robust suction targets in point clouds containing a single object. We evaluate the resulting system in 350 physical trials on an ABB YuMi fitted with a pneumatic suction gripper. When evaluated on novel objects that we categorize as Basic (prismatic or cylindrical), Typical (more complex geometry), and Adversarial (with few available suction-grasp points) Dex-Net 3.0 achieves success rates of 98$\%$, 82$\%$, and 58$\%$ respectively, improving to 81$\%$ in the latter case when the training set includes only adversarial objects. Code, datasets, and supplemental material can be found at this http URL .
Functional Reversion of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells from Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma following In Vitro Stimulation with Recombinant Polyepitope (2006)

Recent studies on Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) have indicated that patients with active disease display functional impairment of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells due to expansion of regulatory T cells at sites of disease and in the peripheral blood. Adoptive cellular immunotherapy based on EBV-specific CD8+ T cells has been explored with limited success to date. It has been proposed that improved targeting of these CD8+ T cells toward viral Ags that are expressed in HL may enhance future therapeutic vaccine strategies. In this study, we have developed a novel replication-deficient adenoviral Ag presentation system that is designed to encode glycine alanine repeat-deleted EBV nuclear Ag 1 covalently linked to multiple CD8+ T cell epitopes from latent membrane proteins 1 and 2. A single stimulation of CD8+ T cells from healthy virus carriers, and patients with HL with this adenoviral construct in combination with IL-2, was sufficient to reverse the functional T cell impairment and restored both IFN-gamma production and cytolytic function. More importantly, these activated CD8+ T cells responded to tumor cells expressing membrane proteins and recognized novel EBNA1 epitopes. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that a large proportion of T cells expanded from patients with HL were CD62L(high) and CD27(high), and CCR7(low), consistent with early to mid effector T cells. These findings provide an important platform for translation of Ag-specific adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies such as HL and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Mobile Interface for Content-Based Image Management (2010)

People make more and more use of digital image acquisition devices to capture screenshots of their everyday life. The growing number of personal pictures raise the problem of their classification. Some of the authors proposed an automatic technique for personal photo album management dealing with multiple aspects (i. e., people, time and background) in a homogenous way. In this paper we discuss a solution that allows mobile users to remotely access such technique by means of their mobile phones, almost from everywhere, in a pervasive fashion. This allows users to classify pictures they store on their devices. The whole solution is presented, with particular regard to the user interface implemented on the mobile phone, along with some experimental results.
Serotonin receptor diversity in the human colon: Expression of serotonin type 3 receptor subunits 5‐HT3C, 5‐HT3D, and 5‐HT3E (2010)

Since the first description of 5-HT₃ receptors more than 50 years ago, there has been speculation about the molecular basis of their receptor heterogeneity. We have cloned the genes encoding novel 5-HT3 subunits 5-HT3C, 5-HT3D, and 5-HT3E and have shown that these subunits are able to form functional heteromeric receptors when coexpressed with the 5-HT3A subunit. However, whether these subunits are actually expressed in human tissue remained to be confirmed. In the current study, we performed immunocytochemistry to locate the 5-HT3A as well as the 5-HT3C, 5-HT3D, and 5-HT3E subunits within the human colon. Western blot analysis was used to confirm subunit expression, and RT-PCR was employed to detect transcripts encoding 5-HT₃ receptor subunits in microdissected tissue samples. This investigation revealed, for the first time, that 5-HT3C, 5-HT3D, and 5-HT3E subunits are coexpressed with 5-HT3A in cell bodies of myenteric neurons. Furthermore, 5-HT3A and 5-HT3D were found to be expressed in submucosal plexus of the human large intestine. These data provide a strong basis for future studies of the roles that specific 5-HT₃ receptor subtypes play in the function of the enteric and central nervous systems and the contribution that specific 5-HT₃ receptors make to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia.
Hematopoiesis is not clonal in healthy elderly women (2008)

Clonality assays, based on X-chromosome inactivation, discriminate active from inactive alleles. Skewing of X-chromosome allelic usage, based on preferential methylation of one of the HUMARA alleles, was reported as evidence of clonal hematopoiesis in approximately 30% of elderly women. Using a quantitative, transcriptionally based clonality assay, we reported X-chromosome-transcribed allelic ratio in blood cells of healthy women consistent with random X-inactivation of 8 embryonic hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, we did not detect clonal hematopoiesis in more than 200 healthy nonelderly women. In view of the susceptibility of aging hematopoietic stem cells to epigenetic dysregulation, we reinvestigated the issue of clonality in elderly women. Forty healthy women (ages 65-92 years; mean, 81.3 years) were tested by a novel, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) transcriptional clonality assay. We did not detect clonal hematopoiesis in any of the tested subjects. We also tested DNA from the same granulocyte samples using the methylation-based HUMARA assay, and confirmed previous reports of approximately 30% extensively skewed or monoallelic methylation, in agreement with likely age-related deregulated methylation of the HUMARA gene locus. We conclude that the transcriptionally based X-chromosome clonality assays are suitable for evaluation of clonal hematopoiesis in elderly women.
Microphthalmia Transcription Factor Is a Target of the p38 MAPK Pathway in Response to Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand Signaling (2002)

Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) activates signaling pathways that regulate osteoclast differentiation, function, and survival. The microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) is required for terminal differentiation of osteoclasts. To determine whether MITF could be a target of RANKL signaling, a phosphospecific MITF antibody directed against conserved residue Ser(307), a potential mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) site, was produced. Using this antibody, we could demonstrate that MITF was rapidly and persistently phosphorylated upon stimulation of primary osteoclasts with RANKL and that phosphorylation of Ser(307) correlated with expression of the target gene tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. MITF phosphorylation at Ser(307) also correlated with persistent activation of p38 MAPK, and p38 MAPK could utilize MITF Ser(307) as a substrate in vitro. The phosphorylation of MITF and activation of target gene expression in osteoclasts were blocked by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. In transient transfections, a constitutively active Rac1 or MKK6 gene could collaborate with MITF to activate the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase gene promoter dependent on Ser(307). Dominant negative p38 alpha and beta could inhibit the collaboration between upstream signaling components and MITF in the transient assays. These results indicate that MITF is a target for the RANKL signaling pathway in osteoclasts and that phosphorylation of MITF leads to an increase in osteoclast-specific gene expression.
MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PEPTIDE-1 EXPRESSION AND MONOCYTE INFILTRATION IN ACUTE RENAL TRANSPLANT REJECTION1 (1997)

Mononuclear cell infiltration is a common histopathological feature of acute renal transplant rejection, in which it seems to play a key role in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial lesions. Monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1) is a specific chemotactic and activating factor for monocytes. Thus, the present study was aimed at evaluating MCP-1 gene and protein expression in renal biopsies of kidney transplant recipients with acute deterioration of graft function, and to correlate it with the extent of monocyte infiltration. We studied 20 kidney transplant recipients with acute graft dysfunction (13 with acute rejection, seven with acute tubular damage). MCP-1 gene and protein expression were analyzed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. CD68-positive cells were identified as monocytes. CD68-positive cell number and MCP-1 expression were quantified by a computerized image analysis system. MCP-1 gene expression, undetectable in normal human kidneys, was strikingly increased in patients with acute rejection. The chemokine localized mainly to the proximal tubular cells and to mononuclear-infiltrating cells. In patients with acute tubular damage, the MCP-1 expression, even if higher than in controls, was significantly lower than in acute rejection. The expression of the chemokine strictly correlated with the number of infiltrating monocytes (r=0.87, P<0.05). Moreover, we measured MCP-1 urinary excretion by ELISA, in eight normal subjects (36+/-16 pg/mg urine creatinine), in 13 clinically stable transplant recipients (33+/-9 pg/mg, ns vs. normal patients), in 12 transplant recipients with acute rejection (250+/-46 pg/mg, P<0.01 vs. normal patients), and in five transplant recipients with acute tubular damage (97+/-33 pg/mg, P<0.05 vs. controls and patients with acute rejection). Urinary MCP-1 excretion directly correlated with renal MCP-1 gene expression (r=0.65, P=0.05). Finally, we observed a significant reduction in MCP-1 urine levels in patients with acute rejection, who responded to the antirejection treatment. In conclusion, our data suggest that MCP-1 may play a critical role in modulating monocyte influx and consequent tubulointerstitial damage in acute rejection. Therefore, an increase in urinary MCP-1 excretion may represent an early signal of ongoing acute graft rejection.
Effect of heavy doping on the optical properties and the band structure of silicon (1984)

We have measured by ellipsometry the dielectric constant of pure and heavily doped $n$- and $p$- type silicon from 1.8 to 5.6 eV. Both ion-implanted laser-annealed and bulk doped samples were used with concordant results. A red shift of the ${E}_{1}$ and ${E}_{2}$ critical-point energies, together with a decrease in the excitonic interaction at the ${E}_{1}$ energy, has been observed. These results are compared with first- and second-order perturbation-theory calculations of the effect of the impurities on the band structure of silicon.