gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Actin Binding Proteins: Regulation of Cytoskeletal Microfilaments (2003)

The actin cytoskeleton is a complex structure that performs a wide range of cellular functions. In 2001, significant advances were made to our understanding of the structure and function of actin monomers. Many of these are likely to help us understand and distinguish between the structural models of actin microfilaments. In particular, 1) the structure of actin was resolved from crystals in the absence of cocrystallized actin binding proteins (ABPs), 2) the prokaryotic ancestral gene of actin was crystallized and its function as a bacterial cytoskeleton was revealed, and 3) the structure of the Arp2/3 complex was described for the first time. In this review we selected several ABPs (ADF/cofilin, profilin, gelsolin, thymosin beta4, DNase I, CapZ, tropomodulin, and Arp2/3) that regulate actin-driven assembly, i.e., movement that is independent of motor proteins. They were chosen because 1) they represent a family of related proteins, 2) they are widely distributed in nature, 3) an atomic structure (or at least a plausible model) is available for each of them, and 4) each is expressed in significant quantities in cells. These ABPs perform the following cellular functions: 1) they maintain the population of unassembled but assembly-ready actin monomers (profilin), 2) they regulate the state of polymerization of filaments (ADF/cofilin, profilin), 3) they bind to and block the growing ends of actin filaments (gelsolin), 4) they nucleate actin assembly (gelsolin, Arp2/3, cofilin), 5) they sever actin filaments (gelsolin, ADF/cofilin), 6) they bind to the sides of actin filaments (gelsolin, Arp2/3), and 7) they cross-link actin filaments (Arp2/3). Some of these ABPs are essential, whereas others may form regulatory ternary complexes. Some play crucial roles in human disorders, and for all of them, there are good reasons why investigations into their structures and functions should continue.
Near‐infrared light is neuroprotective in a monkey model of <scp>P</scp>arkinson disease (2015)

Our findings indicate NIr to be an effective therapeutic agent in a primate model of the disease and create the template for translation into clinical trials.
Prevention of transfusion‐associated cytomegalovirus infection in neonatal patients by the removal of white cells from blood (1992)

The usual methods employed to reduce the risk of transfusion-associated cytomegalovirus (TA CMV) disease have been to transfuse blood or cellular blood components that are CMV antibody-negative or to administer deglycerolized frozen red cells. To determine if the reduction of white cells (WBCs) in blood by filtration will also eliminate TA CMV disease in a high-risk population, 48 surviving very low birth weight (less than 1250 g) neonatal infants born to CMV-seronegative mothers at three participating institutions in the Hartford, Connecticut area and receiving at least one CMV-seropositive blood transfusion were studied. The incidence of TA CMV disease in 26 neonatal patients who received blood prepared by a modified spin-cool-filter technique and in 22 neonatal patients who received blood filtered through a WBC-reduction filter was compared with the incidence of transfusion-associated disease in similar populations reported in other studies. The CMV antibody prevalence of the blood donor population was found to be 37 percent. At the time of discharge of the individual neonatal infants in the population studied, and/or 2 to 6 months later, 47 of the 48 who had undergone transfusion had CMV antibody-negative serologic tests and/or urine culture. The other infant transiently seroconverted because of passive transfer of the antibody. None of the 48 neonatal infants had clinical evidence of CMV infection. This study indicates that WBC reduction of donor blood can reduce and perhaps prevent TA CMV disease in high-risk neonatal patients.
Useful properties of Semantic Depth of Field for better F+C visualization (2002)

This paper presents the results of a thorough user study that was performed to assess some features and the general usefulness of Semantic Depth of Field (SDOF). Based on these results, concrete hints are given on how SDOF can be used for visualization. SDOF was found to be a very effective means for guiding the viewer's attention and for giving him or her a quick overview of a data set. It can also very quickly be perceived, and therefore provides an efficient visual channel.Semantic Depth of Field is a focus+context (F+C) technique that uses blur to point the user to the most relevant objects. It was inspired by the depth of field (DOF) effect in photography, which serves a very similar purpose.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation and the Cardiovascular System (2019)

The vagus nerve plays an important role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, which includes reflex pathways that regulate cardiac function. The link between vagus nerve activity and the high-frequency component of heart rate variability (HRV) has been well established, correlating with vagal tone. Recently, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been investigated as a therapeutic for a multitude of diseases, such as treatment-resistant epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and asthma. Because of the vagus nerve's innervation of the heart, VNS has been identified as a potential therapy for cardiovascular disorders, such as cardiac arrest, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke. Here, we review the current state of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as the potential application of VNS in relation to the cardiovascular system.
In vitro growth inhibition of mastitis-causing coliform bacteria by bovine apo-lactoferrin and reversal of inhibition by citrate and high concentrations of apo-lactoferin (1976)

Bovine apo-lactoferrin (apo-Lf) was added to in vitro cultures of eight strains of coliform bacteria associated with bovine mastitis. As little as 0.02 mg of APO-Lf per ml resulted in marked inhibition of growth of all coliforms. Growth inhibition was lost if saturated Lf or iron plus apo-Lf was added to the synthetic medium. The inhibition of growth increased as the concentration of apo-Lf increased from 0.02 to 0.2 mg/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae (OARDC-A1), Klebsiella spp. (K1-21), and Aerobacter aerogenes (55-12222) and 2 mg/ml for A. aerogenes (76-2414-1), Escherichia coli (60-Lilly), E. coli (66-S16), and Klebsiella spp. (K6-24). As the concentration of apo-Lf was increased above 0.2 or 2 mg/ml, there was less inhibition of growth except for E. coli (33-C4). Apo-Lf at 20 mg/ml was bactericidal for E. coli (33-C4). Results are compatible with the hypothesis that coliform bacteria respond to low-iron environments by production of iron-sequestering agents that complete effectively with apo-Lf for free iron. Addition of apo-Lf plus citrate resulted in loss of growth inhibition. The molar ratio (citrate to apo-Lf) was found to be more important than the absolute concentration of either component. A ratio of 75 resulted in 50% growth inhibition, whereas ratios of 300 and greater resulted in less than 10% growth inhibition. These results suggest that the ratio of citrate to Lf would be important in evaluating Lf as a nonspecific protective factor of bovine mammary secretions.
Biochemical and genomic comparison of inorganic phosphate solubilization in <i>Pseudomonas</i> species (2009)

Mobilization of insoluble soil inorganic phosphate by plant beneficial rhizobacteria is a trait of key importance to the development of microbial biofertilizers. In this study, the ability of several Pseudomonas spp. to solubilize Ca3 (PO4 )2 was compared. While all Pseudomonas spp. were found to facilitate a decrease in pH and solubilize inorganic phosphate by the production of extracellular organic acids, strains varied by producing either gluconic or 2-ketogluconic acid. Furthermore, comparison between the Pseudomonas spp. of the genes involved in oxidative glucose metabolism revealed variations in genomic organization. To further investigate the genetic mechanisms involved in inorganic phosphate solubilization by Pseudomonas spp., a transposon mutant library of P. fluorescens F113 was screened for mutants with reduced Ca3 (PO4 )2 solubilization ability. Mutations in the gcd and pqqE genes greatly reduced the solubilization ability, whereas mutations in the pqqB gene only moderately reduced this ability. The combination of biochemical analysis and genomic comparisons revealed that alterations in the pqq biosynthetic genes, and the presence/absence of the gluconate dehydrogenase (gad) gene, fundamentally affect phosphate solublization in strains of P. fluorescens.
Protein Damage by Reactive Electrophiles: Targets and Consequences (2007)

It has been 60 years since the Millers first described the covalent binding of carcinogens to tissue proteins. Protein covalent binding was gradually overshadowed by the emergence of DNA adduct formation as the dominant paradigm in chemical carcinogenesis but re-emerged in the early 1970s as a critical mechanism of drug and chemical toxicity. Technology limitations hampered the characterization of protein adducts until the emergence of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in the late 1990s. The time since then has seen rapid progress in the characterization of the protein targets of electrophiles and the consequences of protein damage. Recent integration of novel affinity chemistries for electrophile probes, shotgun proteomics methods, and systems modeling tools has led to the identification of hundreds of protein targets of electrophiles in mammalian systems. The technology now exists to map the targets of damage to critical components of signaling pathways and metabolic networks and to understand mechanisms of damage at a systems level. The implementation of sensitive, specific analyses for protein adducts from both xenobiotic-derived and endogenous electrophiles offers a means to link protein damage to clinically relevant health effects of both chemical exposures and disease processes.
Endothelial cell activation markers and delayed cerebral ischaemia in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (2006)

The rise in sP-selectin level during DCI is suggested to be the result of platelet activation, as levels of the other markers of endothelial cell activation were not increased after DCI unrelated to treatment. Whether a causal role of platelet activation is implicated in the development of DCI should be determined in further studies in which the relationship between concentrations of markers and treatment is taken into account.
Experiments with high velocity positive ions (1930)

Abstract It would appear to be very important to develop an additional line of attack on problems of the atomic nucleus. The greater part of our information on the structure of the nucleus has come from experiments with α-particles and if we can supplement these with sources of positive ions accelerated by high potentials we should have an experimental weapon which would have many advantages over the α-particle. It would, in the first place, be much greater in intensity than α-particle sources, since one microampere of positive ions is equivalent, so far as numbers of particles is concerned, to 180 grams of radium equivalent. It would in addition have the advantage of being free from penetrating β and γ rays which are a complication in many experiments, whilst the velocity would be variable at will. The main difficulty in obtaining such sources lies of course in the production and application of the very high potentials necessary to accelerate the particles if velocities approaching that of the α-particle are to be obtained. For example, α-particle from polonium have an energy corresponding to 5.2 million electron volts and a potential of 2.6 million volts would be required to give a helium nucleus an equal amount of energy. We have therefore to decide what is the minimum acceleration voltage at which we can usefully work, since the experimental difficulties increase very rapidly with increasing voltage. In making this decision we are naturally guided by the recent theoretical work of Gamow on the “ Theory of Artificial Disintegration.” On Gamow’s theory the probability of an α-particle of velocity v entering a nucleus of atomic number Z, after coming within the effective radius of the nucleus, is W = e-16πe2Z/hv Jk, Where Jk is a function varying slowly with v and Z. It is clear, therefore, that for particles of equal energy the lighter particle has the greater chance of penetration into the nucleus, so that we should choose protons as our source of positive ions for this reason.
ArtNova: touch-enabled 3D model design (2003)

We present a system, ArtNova, for 3D model design with a haptic interface. ArtNova offers the novel capability of interactively applying textures onto 3D surfaces directly by brush strokes, with the orientation of the texture determined the stroke. Building upon the framework of inTouch (Gregory et al., 2000), it further provides an intuitive physically-based force response when deforming a model. This system also uses a user-centric viewing technique that seamlessly integrates the haptic and visual presentation, by taking into account the user's haptic manipulation in dynamically determining the new viewpoint locations. Our algorithm permits automatic placement of the user viewpoint to navigate about the object. ArtNova has been tested by several users and they were able to start modeling and painting with just a few minutes of training. Preliminary user feedback indicates promising potential for 3D texture painting and modeling.
Health Risks of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation in Humans: A Review (2004)

Radiobiologists have been struggling to estimate the health risks from low doses of radiation in humans for decades. Health risks involve not only neoplastic diseases but also somatic mutations that may contribute to other illnesses (including birth defects and ocular maladies) and heritable mutations that may increase the risk of diseases in future generations. Low dose radiation-induced cancer in humans depends on several variables, and most of these variables are not possible to correct for in any epidemiologic study. Some of the confounding factors include (i) interaction of radiation with other physical (UV light), chemical, and biological mutagens and carcinogens in a synergistic manner; (ii) variation in repair mechanisms that depend on dose; (iii) variation in sensitivity of bystander cells to subsequent radiation exposure that depends on whether they have been pre- or postirradiated; and (iv) variation in adaptive response that depends on radiation doses and protective substances (antioxidants). In our opinion, both the linear no-threshold-response and the threshold-response models might not be suitable in predicting cancer risk at low radiation doses in a quantitative sense. Low doses of ionizing radiation should not be considered insignificant for risks of somatic and heritable mutations and neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases in humans.
Detection of lipoarabinomannan as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis (1992)

A coagglutination technique was established for the detection of lipoarabinomannan of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human serum samples and evaluated for its utility in the diagnosis of tuberculosis at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias in Mexico City. The test had a sensitivity of 88% in patients with sputum-smear-positive active pulmonary tuberculosis. The sensitivity in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis negative for acid-fast bacilli in sputum was 67%. Less favorable results were obtained for patients with AIDS and tuberculosis, with a sensitivity of 57%. The specificity in control patients with lung diseases different from tuberculosis and in healthy subjects was 100%. The positive predictive value was 100%, and the negative predictive value for patients with sputum-positive active pulmonary tuberculosis was 97%. The results of this study suggest that the detection of lipoarabinomannan is an accurate test for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Tapping diversity lost in transformations—in vitro amplification of ligation reactions (2006)

Molecular evolution is a powerful means of engineering proteins. It usually requires the generation of a large recombinant DNA library of variants for cloning into a phage or plasmid vector, and the transformation of a host organism for expression and screening of the variant proteins. However, library size is often limited by the low yields of circular DNA and the poor transformation efficiencies of linear DNA. Here we have overcome this limitation by amplification of recombinant circular DNA molecules directly from ligation reactions. The amplification by bacteriophage Phi29 polymerase increased the number of transformants; thus from a nanogram-scale ligation of DNA fragments comprising two sub-libraries of variant antibody domains, we succeeded in amplifying a highly diverse and large combinatorial phage antibody library (>10(9) transformants in Escherichia coli and 10(5)-fold more transformants than without amplification). From the amplified library, but not from the smaller un-amplified library, we could isolate several antibody fragments against a target antigen. It appears that amplification of ligations with Phi29 polymerase can help recover clones and molecular diversity otherwise lost in the transformation step. A further feature of the method is the option of using PCR-amplified vectors for ligations.
Runtime adjustment of IoT system-on-chips for minimum energy operation (2018)

Energy-constrained Systems-on-Chips (SoC) are becoming major components of many emerging applications, especially in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. Although the best energy efficiency is achieved when the SoC operates in the near-threshold region, the best operating point for maximum energy efficiency could vary depending on operating temperature, workload, and the power-gating state (power modes) of various SoC components at runtime. This paper presents a lightweight machine-learning based scheme to predict and tune the SoC to the most energy efficient supply voltage at the firmware level during runtime, considering the impacts of temperature variation and power-gating of SoC components while meeting the performance and reliability requirements. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can determine the most energy efficient supply voltage of a circuit with high-accuracy (RMSE = 7mV), while considering the runtime performance and reliability constraints.
Adenosine deaminase inhibitors. Synthesis and biological evaluation of (.+-.)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol and some selected C-5 homologs of pentostatin (1983)

The synthesis of several analogues of (8R)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro- pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol (pentostatin, 1a) is described. Ring closure of 2-amino-1-(5-amino-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanone dihydrochloride (3) with triethyl orthoacetate or triethyl orthopropionate gave the C-5 methyl and ethyl ketoaglycons, 6,7-dihydro-5-methylimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (4b) and 5-ethyl-6,7-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (4c), respectively. Stannic chloride catalyzed condensation of the pertrimethylsilyl derivatives of 4b and 4c with a protected glycosyl halide afforded anomeric mixtures of ketonucleosides 3-(2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-beta- and -alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-6,7-dihydro-5-methylimidazo[4,5-d] [1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (5b and 6b) and 3-(2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl)-beta- and -alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-ethyl-6,7-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]- [1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (5c and 6c), respectively. Subsequent separation of the anomers, followed by deprotection and reduction of 5b, 6b, and 5c, afforded the respective 8R and 8S isomers. Stannic chloride catalyzed condensation of pertrimethylsilyl ketoaglycon 4a with 2-(chloromethoxy)-1-(p-toluoyloxy) ethane to give ketonucleoside 6,7-dihydro-3-[[2-(p-toluoyloxy)ethoxy] methyl]imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (9a) was followed by deprotection to 6,7-dihydro-3[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]imidazo[4,5-d][1,3] diazepin-8(3H)-one (9b) and then reduction to the racemic acyclic pentostatin analogue (+/-)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3-[ (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol (2). Ki values for the in vitro adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4; type I; calf intestinal mucosa) inhibitory activities of 1b, 1c, and 2 were determined to be 1.6 X 10(-8), 1.5 X 10(-6), and 9.8 X 10(-8) M, respectively. When compounds 2 and 9b were tested in combination with vidarabine against herpes simplex virus, type 1, in an HEp-2 plaque reduction assay, only compound 2 was able to potentiate the antiviral activity of vidarabine.
Emotion detection using brain and peripheral signals (2008)

An emotion recognition system on the basis of physiological signals is proposed in this paper. The aim is to perform a multimodal fusion between electroencephalographic signals of the brain (EEG) and peripheral physiological signals. our acquisition protocol is based on a subset of pictures which correspond to three specific areas of valance-arousal emotional space (positively excited, negatively excited, and calm). Preprocessing and feature extraction methods have been set up in such away that emotion-specific characteristics can be extracted from input signals. The performance of two classifiers has been evaluated on different feature sets: peripheral signals, EEG's, and both. A comparison among the results of different feature sets confirms the interest of using brain signals as peripherals in emotion assessment.
GROUP INBREEDING WITH TWO LINKED LOCI (1969)

convenient way of characterizing the effects of inbreeding is by means of the coefficient, a probability measure that genes at one locus in an individual are identical by descent ( MALBCOT 1948).The probability arguments for determining the coefficient center on the identity relations between uniting gametes.A measure of the relationship between two individuals, the coancestry coefficient, is the probability measure for gametes provided by those individuals.
The effect of moisture imbibition on cellulosic bast fibres as industrial raw materials (2007)

The moisture imbibition on four Cellulosic bast fibres, Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa), Okra (Hibiscus esculentus), Baobab (Adansonia digitata) and Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus), were investigated. The fibres were chemically purified by retting, scouring, bleaching and mercerizing. Thereafter, moisture sorption method was adopted. The moisture imbibition ranking of the fibres is in the order.  The materials were treated with 10, 15, 20 and 25% NaOH. The moisture imbibition for the treated materials were as follows: Roselle 20 > 25 > 10 > 15%; Okra 20 >15 >25>10%; Baobab 15 > 20 > 25 > 10% and Kenaf 20> 15 >10 >25%. These results suggest that the aforementioned fibres are viable industrial raw materials and have been a best alternative to inorganic/mineral - based reinforcing fibres.

	 

	Key words: Moisture imbibition, bast fibres, moisture sorption.