gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive identification and characterization of diallelic insertion–deletion polymorphisms in 330 human candidate genes (2004)

Despite being the second most frequent type of polymorphism in the genome, diallelic insertion-deletion polymorphisms (indels) have received far less attention in the study of sequence variation. In this report, we describe an approach that can detect indels in the heterozygous state and can comprehensively identify indels in the target sequence. Using this approach, we identified 2393 indels in a set of 330 candidate genes, i.e. an average of seven indels per gene with about two indels per gene being common (minor allele frequency >or=0.1). We compared the population genetic characteristics of indels with substitutions in this data. Our data supported the findings that deletions occur more frequently in the human genome. 5'-UTR and coding regions of the genes showed a significantly lower diversity for indels compared with other regions, suggesting differences in effects of selection on indels and substitutions. Sequence diversity and pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) findings of the different populations were similar to earlier results and included a greater skew towards low-frequency variants and a faster rate of LD decay in the African-descent population compared with the non-African populations. Within populations, the allele frequency spectra and LD-decay profiles for indels were similar to substitutions. Overall, the findings suggest that, although the mechanisms giving rise to indels may be different from those causing substitutions, the evolutionary histories of indels and substitutions are similar, and that indels can play a valuable role in association studies and marker selection strategies.
Directed Ortho Insertion (DoI):  A New Approach to Functionalized Aryl and Heteroaryl Zinc Reagents (2007)

A wide range of directing groups (ester, ketone, acetate, aryl sulfonate, triazene, carbamate) allow the regioselective directed ortho insertion (DoI) of zinc in the presence of LiCl leading to polyfunctional aryl and heteroaryl zinc reagents.
Quantifying mucosal blood volume fraction from multispectral images of the colon (2007)

One of the common physiological changes associated with cancer is the formation of a dense, irregular and leaky network of new blood vessels, which result in the increase of the blood volume fraction (BVF) at the site of a tumour. Such changes are not always obvious through visual inspection using a direct observation, an endoscopic device or colour photography. This paper presents a method for deriving quantitative estimates of BVF of the colon mucosa from multispectral images of the colon. The method has two stages. In the first ("forward") stage a physics-based model of light propagation computes the spectra corresponding to a range of instances of the colon tissue, and in particular the spectral changes resulting from changes in the quantity of blood volume fraction, haemoglobin saturation, the size and density of scattering particles, and the tissue thickness. In the second stage ("model inversion") the spectra obtained from the image data are used to derive the values of the above histological parameters. Parametric maps of the blood contents are created by storing at every pixel the BVF value recovered through the model inversion. In a pilot study multispectral images of ex-vivo samples of the colon were acquired from 8 patients. The samples contained histologically confirmed instances of adenocarcinoma and other pathologies. The parametric maps of BVF showed the significant increase in blood volume fraction (up to 75% above that of the surrounding the normal tissue). A Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction showed that all but one of the differences (a benign neoplastic polyp) are significant (p<0.00015).
Dual‐Functional Affinity Protein Purification (1988)

Abstract A rapid, single stage purification scheme for the enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK), overproduced by a genetically altered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , is presented. A single affinity adsorption, washing and elution stage using a novel dual‐functional polyacrylamide affinity gel produces 60% recovery of PK and purification to near homogeneity within a few hours. A second elution step increases the recovery to 77%, but does not enhance purification. The novel dual‐functional polyacrylamide affinity gel is a crosslinked matrix containing both Cibacron Blue F3G‐A and carboxylic acid groups, resulting in a higher fraction of accessible Cibacron Blue F3G‐A groups than Blue Sepharose CL‐6B. The significant purification achieved in a single stage is due in part to the large initial PK concentration in the recombinant yeast. However, the unique dual‐functional interaction between PK and the support surface greatly facilitates the one‐step purification. PK interacts with the pseudoaffinity ligand, Cibacron Blue F3G‐A, as well as the carboxylic acid groups on the gel support. This dual functional binding increases the strength of the PK‐gel binding and the selectivity for PK when binding is carried out below the pI of PK. Elution is accomplished under mild conditions, by raising the pH above the isoelectric pH of PK, making the interaction between PK and the carboxylic acid groups repulsive. The general applicability to other enzymes is demonstrated in the purification of 3‐phosphoglycerate kinase, initially present as 3–5% of the total intracellular protein, which is purified 13‐fold in a similar single stage operation.
El espermatozoide criopreservado bovino es capaz de modular su requerimiento energético dependiendo de los sustratos oxidativos disponibles para la capacitación inducida in vitrocon heparina. (2014)

"El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar en espermatozoides criopreservados de bovino, los requerimientos de sustratos oxidativos durante la capacitación inducida por heparina. Se determinó el porcentaje de espermatozoides capacitados por medio de la tinción epifluorescente de clorotetraciclina, viabilidad e integridad acrosomal por la coloración vital de azul tripán y microscopia óptica de contraste diferencial interferencial, la variación de concentración de lactato en el medio de incubación por espectrofotometría y el consumo de oxígeno celular por polarografía, en presencia de lactato y/o piruvato como sustratos oxidativos. Los porcentajes de espermatozoides capacitados con heparina incubados con lactato/piruvato o piruvato como sustratos oxidativos fueron significativamente mayores respecto a los demás tratamientos. La viabilidad e integridad acrosomal evidenció una disminución en ausencia de sustratos en todos los tratamientos. En muestras capacitadas con heparina ante la presencia de lactato/piruvato el consumo de oxígeno fue significativamente superior, registrándose una disminución de la concentración de lactato en el medio de incubación respecto a sus controles. La combinación de los sustratos oxidativos lactato/piruvato es la mejor opción para mantener la viabilidad espermática, producir un burst respiratorio y un alto porcentaje de espermatozoides capacitados, asegurando un metabolismo activo en la gameta para cubrir los requerimientos energéticos de la capacitación."
Acetylenics. 1. Aromatic amines containing the acetylenic triple bond (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetylenics. 1. Aromatic amines containing the acetylenic triple bondDavid Z. Simon, Romano L. Salvador, and Gaston ChampagneCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 6, 1249–1250Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00300a068https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00300a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Joint maximum likelihood estimation of pitch and AR parameters using the EM algorithm (2002)

The speech production model where the speech signal is modeled as the output of an all pole filter driven either by some white noise sequence (unvoiced speech) or by the sum of an impulse sequence and a noise sequence (voiced speech) is considered. Approximate maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation algorithms for the unvoiced case are well known. In this work, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used in order to obtain the ML estimator of the parameters for the voiced speech model. These parameters consist of the parameters of the impulse sequence (pitch parameters) and the parameters of the filter (autoregressive parameters).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Perovskite rare-earth nickelates in the thin-film epitaxial state (2000)

We have succeeded in the preparation of thin films of rare-earth nickelates RNiO3 (R=Pr, Nd, Sm, and Gd) under reduced oxygen pressure &lt;0.02 bar by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition owing to their epitaxial stabilization on perovskite substrates. The film–substrate lattice mismatch is critical for the epitaxial stabilization of RNiO3 phases. Increase of the lattice mismatch or film thickness results in the deposition of rare-earth oxides and NiO instead of RNiO3. The epitaxial films of nickelates were strained and consisted of 90° domains with the orthorhombic Pnma structure. The transport properties of the strained films on LaAlO3 were similar to those of the bulk material of the same composition under applied pressure of 9 kbar but they were different from the properties of the bulk material under ambient pressure. The result implies that transport properties of RNiO3 films with sharp metal-to-insulator transition can be effectively tuned by the control of the lattice strain.
Log-based architectures for general-purpose monitoring of deployed code (2006)

Runtime monitoring tools are invaluable for detecting various types of bugs, in both sequential and multi-threaded programs. However, these tools often slow down the monitored program by an order of magnitude or more [4], implying that the tools are ill-suited for always-on monitoring of deployed code. Fortunately, the emergence of chip multiprocessors as a dominant computing platform means that resources are available on-chip to assist in monitoring tasks. In this brief note, we advocate Log-Based Architectures (LBA) that exploit such on-chip resources in order to dramatically reduce the overhead of runtime program monitoring. Specifically, we propose adding hardware support for logging a main program's trace and delivering it to another (otherwise idle) processing core for inspection. A life-guard program running on this other core executes the desired monitoring task.
Sialoproteins of bone and dentin. (1991)

Osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and bone acidic glycoprotein-75 (BAG-75), are sialoproteins isolated from bone extracts that resemble each other in size and composition. OPN and BSP contain an RGD sequence (not proven but possible for BAG-75), suggesting that their biological functions involve interaction with cell membrane integrins. Dentin has small amounts of OPN and BSP but also contains a major sialic acid-rich protein, DSP that has an overall composition similar to the bone sialoproteins. It is possible that DSP plays a similar biological role in dentin as OPN, BSP, and BAG-75 play in bone. Future experimentation should shed further light onto the potential relationships of the four sialoproteins.
Proactive network management of IPTV networks (2010)

Abstract: Consumer communications and entertainment services, including broadcast TV and VoIP require service providers to meet stringent availability and latency constraints. When a packet technology, such as IP, is used to transport these services, this also poses stringent packet loss requirement on the network. This aspect of IPTV, where impairments have consumer-visible impact and potential public relations consequences, creates new challenges in protocol design, as well as network management. The key to operating an effective network is to expand beyond the typical “reactive ” network management approach to be able to anticipate and manage potential network problems. This paper describes network management techniques deployed in a production IPTV network with over 2 million customers. 1.
The Nature of Type IV Solar Radio Bursts (1962)

From an analysis of spectral observations at Michigan, Fort Davis, and Sydney in the 25-600 Mc/s range, combined with simultaneous interferometric and single frequency observations in the range of frequencies 10009400 Mc/s and on 87 and 340 Mc/s, it is found that type IV emission in the range of frequencies 25- 580 Mc/s occurs in two distinct phases: (a) the first phase, usually observed at frequencies higher than about 250 Mc/s, appears to be an extension of the associated centimeter-wave burst which is also a broadband continuum emission. This emission occurs earlier than the associated type II burst and can even occur independent of any type II burst. The source of this emission is situated low in the chromosphere, has no significant movement and has a small angular size, usually less than 4'. The observed properties of this phase of continuum emission are consistent with the suggestion that it is caused low in the chromosphere by synchrotron radiation of electrons generated during the flare. When this phase occurs alone, the geomagnetic activity index increases slightly, 2-5 days after the type IV burst. (b) the second phase, usually more » observed at frequencies lower than about 250 Mc/s, is closely associated with a type II burst preceding it. The source of this continuum emission is situated high in the corona and moves with velocities of more than 1000 km/s. It has a large anguiar size, usually 10' or larger. This second phase of type IV emission was previously explained as due to synchrotron radiation of electrons higher in the corona, when a cloud of gas with a shock front (which excites the type II burst) moving at high velocities carries a frozen-in magnetic field to the appropriate heights in the corona. There is a great increase in geomagnetic activity index, 1-2 days after the second phase of type IV burst. (auth) « less
Benzodiazepine Analogues. Part 15. <sup>1</sup> Synthesis of Benzoxathiepine Derivatives (1996)

Abstract Stepwise cyclisation sequences have provided access to a series of novel 4-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-1,5-benzoxathiepine-2-ones and 2-and 3-phenyl-4, 1-benzoxathiepine analogues.
Adaptive Signal Processing Using A Liquid Crystal Television (1989)

In this paper we describe a way of using a two dimensional liquid crystal display to provide extended dynamic range for one dimensional spatial light modulation. We illustrate this use of the device in an adaptive signal processing application which requires high accuracy representation of a one dimensional weight vector. One dimension of the television display screen is used to specify the components of the vector. The second dimension is used to provide increased numerical accuracy for each of these components. In this way, we overcome the recognized low dynamic range and limited number of gray scales that is characteristic of liquid crystal displays at the pixel level. Preliminary experimental results verifying this use of the liquid crystal television as an improved accuracy spatial light modulator are presented.
Coupled temporal scoping of relational facts (2012)

Recent research has made significant advances in automatically constructing knowledge bases by extracting relational facts (e.g., Bill Clinton-presidentOf-US) from large text corpora. Temporally scoping such relational facts in the knowledge base (i.e., determining that Bill Clinton-presidentOf-US is true only during the period 1993 - 2001) is an important, but relatively unexplored problem. In this paper, we propose a joint inference framework for this task, which leverages fact-specific temporal constraints, and weak supervision in the form of a few labeled examples. Our proposed framework, CoTS (Coupled Temporal Scoping), exploits temporal containment, alignment, succession, and mutual exclusion constraints among facts from within and across relations. Our contribution is multi-fold. Firstly, while most previous research has focused on micro-reading approaches for temporal scoping, we pose it in a macro-reading fashion, as a change detection in a time series of facts' features computed from a large number of documents. Secondly, to the best of our knowledge, there is no other work that has used joint inference for temporal scoping. We show that joint inference is effective compared to doing temporal scoping of individual facts independently. We conduct our experiments on large scale open-domain publicly available time-stamped datasets, such as English Gigaword Corpus and Google Books Ngrams, demonstrating CoTS's effectiveness.
The sensitivity of belief networks to imprecise probabilities: an experimental investigation (1996)

Bayesian belief networks are being increasingly used as a knowledge representation for reasoning under uncertainty. Some researchers have questioned the practicality of obtaining the numerical probabilities with sufficient precision to create belief networks for large-scale applications. In this work, we investigate how precise the probabilities need to be by measuring how imprecision in the probabilities affects diagnostic performance. We conducted a series of experiments on a set of real-world belief networks for medical diagnosis in liver and bile disease. We examined the effects on diagnostic performance of (1) varying the mappings from qualitative frequency weights into numerical probabilities, (2) adding random noise to the numerical probabilities, (3) simplifying from quaternary domains for diseases and findings—absent, mild, moderate, and severe—to binary domains—absent and present, and (4) using test cases that contain diseases outside the network. We found that even extreme differences in the probability mappings and large amounts of noise lead to only modest reductions in diagnostic performance. We found no significant effect of the simplification from quaternary to binary representation. We also found that outside diseases degraded performance modestly. Overall, these findings indicate that even highly imprecise input probabilities may not impair diagnostic performance significantly, and that simple binary representations may often be adequate. These findings of robustness suggest that belief networks are a practical representation without requiring undue precision.
[Inhalation anaesthesia and total intravenous anaesthesia for hepatic resections]. (2014)

Recently number of surgeries in patients with pathology of the liver increases. Therefore optimal and safe anaesthetic management for these surgeries is very topical. The article deals with analysis of 51 anaesthesia cases: 26 cases (51%) of multimodal balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane inhalation and 25 cases (49%) of multimodal balanced anaesthesia with continuous propofol infusion. Both techniques provide optimal anaesthetic protection, however sevoflurane use influences on the liver metabolism more significantly.
Non-isocyanate poly(amide-hydroxyurethane)s from sustainable resources (2016)

A one-pot melt polymerization of plant oil-based monomers and diamines afforded film-forming, isocyanate-free poly(amide-hydroxyurethane)s with processability and mechanical integrity.
Morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligonucleotides in zebrafish: A recipe for functional genomics? (2002)

Morpholino phosphorodiamidate anti-sense oligonucleotides (MPOs) have recently emerged as a tool for gene-specific knockdown. MPOs have a great potential for both therapeutic applications and functional genomics. In particular, zebrafish are well suited for gene function studies using MPOs owing to their rapid external development, transparent embryos and the ease of delivery of the intervening MPOs. This paper describes principles of MPO action and the application of MPOs for gene function studies and therapeutics. In the field of functional genomics, the MPO strategy has been most successfully used to study gene function in zebrafish. Over 35 mutations have been successfully phenocopied and over 30 novel gene functions have been analysed in zebrafish using MPOs during the last two years. The essential controls that are required to avoid misinterpretation of experimental data when using MPOs for gene function analysis will also be described.
Address data reduction and lithography performance of graybeam writing strategies for raster scan mask generation (1994)

Graybeam (GB) writing methods [Muray, Abboud, and Raymond, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 11, 2390 (1993)], including the new combination of graybeam plus per pixel deflection (GBPPD), were first investigated last year as a method for improving throughput on an e-beam raster scan machine. These techniques were shown to produce pattern edge placement resolution equivalent to writing at a smaller address unit, thereby improving throughput. The GB and GBPPD writing techniques are further investigated to address data reduction and lithographic performance. Accurate simulations and lithography on two-dimensional test patterns for GBPPD writing are presented.
Humidity Sensors (1991)

Humidity sensor technologies amenable to widespread application in electronic control systems are reviewed. The principal sensor groups of interest include resistive ceramics, dielectric polymers, and resistive polyelectrolytes. The physical mechanisms and application trade‐offs for each group are considered. Stability of sensor response is a primary concern. At the present time no single design option can be considered to be universally applicable.
A 130nm hybrid low dropout regulator based on switched mode control for digital load circuits (2016)

A hybrid (digital and analog) low dropout regulator (LDO) utilizing switched mode control is designed in 130 nm CMOS for fine grain power management, fast droop recovery and robust small signal regulation of multi-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CC</sub> digital loads. The design provides an optimal trade-off of performance and accuracy by switching between a digital and an analog control loop. The hybrid topology achieves robust small signal regulation and fast recovery from large signal transients or power state transitions. Measurements from a 130nm test-chip show Near-Threshold Voltage (NTV) operation, fast transient response of 18 ns for a load step of 10.3mA and a peak current efficiency of 98.64%.