gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Efficiency Single-Mode Fiber/Channel Waveguide Flip-Chip Coupling (1980)

The application of integrated optical devices in many communication or signal processing systems will require efficient coupling between single­mode optical fibers and channel waveguides. Although high coupling efficiencies have been predicted, their realization in a practical configuration has remained elusive, primarily due to the extremely stringent alignment tolerances involved. In this presentation, we will report an improved version of the Si V-groove/flip-chip coupler, 1 in which tapered alignment fibers 2 are used to achieve precise vertical positioning of the coupling fibers. We have found this approach to routinely provide near theoretical (> 70%) coupling efficiencies between single-mode fibers and Ti diffused LiNbO 3 channel waveguides. The coupler is compact, can be made rigid, and allows for simultaneous multiple coupling on a single chip. Finally by choosing propagation directions along the LiNbO 3 major axes, we avoid anisotropic effects 3 and achieve coupling efficiences and propagation losses essentially independent of input optical polarization.
Oral magnesium and vitamin C supplements in asthma: a parallel group randomized placebo‐controlled trial (2003)

Regular dietary supplementation with vitamin C or magnesium adds no clinical benefit to current standard therapy of asthma in primary care patients.
A Planar <i>W</i>-Band Large-Scale High-Gain Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Slot Array (2020)

A W-band large-scale substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot array for high-gain applications is presented in this communication. The proposed antenna consists of a compact 16-way power divider and a 32 × 33 slot array. The 16-way power divider at the bottom-layer PCB provides equal-amplitude and alternative-phase excitation for 32 SIWs on the top layer PCB, and each of them supports 33 radiation slots. The loss along with the complexity of the feeding network is reduced by the implementation of alternative-phase excitation. To demonstrate the proposed slot array, a 4 × 33 slot array excited by a two-way power divider is designed first. Then, the 4 × 33 slot array is extended to a 32 × 33 slot array by a 16-way power divider. To verify the proposed slot array, the designed array is fabricated and measured. The measured peak gain, radiation, and aperture efficiencies are 30.88 dBi, 42%, and 22.8% at 93.2 GHz, respectively. The proposed high-gain antenna is an excellent candidate for the high-frequency millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless system.
Estrogen suppression of <i>erb</i>B2 expression is associated with increased growth rate of ZR‐75‐1 human breast cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and in nude mice (1991)

Amplification and enhanced expression of the erbB2/HER-2/neu gene has been associated with an increased growth rate and poor prognosis of human breast cancer. We have studied the relationship between erbB2 expression and the regulation of cell growth by estrogen and anti-estrogens in the human breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1 in vitro and in athymic nude mice, pS2 being used as a marker gene for estrogen-stimulated gene expression. Only low amounts of erbB2 mRNA were seen in the cells grown in vitro in the presence of estrogen which stimulated the cells to proliferate rapidly and induced the expression of pS2 mRNA. Upon hormone withdrawal, erbB2 mRNA and protein increased, while pS2 mRNA declined to an undetectable level and cell proliferation slowed down. Opposite but more rapid changes were observed upon estrogen addition. The anti-estrogens toremifene and tamoxifen inhibited estrogen induction of pS2 expression, down-regulation of erbB2 expression and proliferation of the ZR-75-I cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar results were obtained in nude mice. ZR-75-I cells formed tumors only in mice carrying estrogen pellets. In these tumors little erbB2 mRNA was seen. Concomitant administration of toremifene or tamoxifen increased erbB2 mRNA and abolished pS2 mRNA. Our results show that enhanced expression of erbB2 is associated with hormone deprivation and growth arrest of the estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell line ZR-75-I. Thus, in mammary epithelial cells, erbB2 may have important estrogen-regulated functions which are not related to cell proliferation.
Fluorinated Microgel-Core Star Polymers as Fluorous Compartments for Molecular Recognition (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTFluorinated Microgel-Core Star Polymers as Fluorous Compartments for Molecular RecognitionYuta Koda, Takaya Terashima*, Akihisa Nomura, Makoto Ouchi, and Mitsuo Sawamoto*View Author Information Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, JapanTel: +81-75-383-2600. Fax: +81-75-383-2601. E-mail: [email protected] (T.T.); [email protected] (M.S.).Cite this: Macromolecules 2011, 44, 12, 4574–4578Publication Date (Web):June 3, 2011Publication History Received11 May 2011Revised20 May 2011Published online3 June 2011Published inissue 28 June 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma201076yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma201076yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1675Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Fluorine,Gels,Living polymerization,Noncovalent interactions,Star polymers Get e-Alerts
Recent advances in histamine H<sub>3</sub>receptor antagonists/inverse agonists (2010)

Several H(3)R antagonists/inverse agonists appear to be promising drug candidates, including at least 15 compounds undergoing evaluation in clinical development. Especially interesting is pitolisant, which is progressing through to Phase III clinical trials.
Nandrolone decanoate does not enhance training effects but increases IGF-I mRNA in rat diaphragm (2000)

To examine whether concomitant anabolic steroid treatment combined with training might enhance previously observed training effects (A. Bisschop, G. Gayan-Ramirez, H. Rollier, R. Gosselink, R. Dom, V. de Bock, and M. Decramer. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 155: 1583-1589, 1997) and whether insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was involved in these changes, male and female rats were submitted to inspiratory muscle training (IMT) for 8 wk (30 min/day, 5 times/wk) and were compared with untrained controls. During the last 5 wk of training, trained rats were divided to receive weekly either low-dose (LD; 1.5 mg/kg) or high-dose (HD; 7.5 mg/kg) nandrolone decanoate or saline for the IMT and control rats. In both sexes, diaphragm muscle mass and contractile properties were unchanged with treatment. In males, HD resulted in decreased diaphragm type I cross-sectional area (-15%; P < 0.05, HD vs. IMT), whereas no changes were observed in females. Finally, an increase in IGF-I mRNA levels was present in HD male (+73%; P < 0.05, HD vs. IMT) and female treated rats [LD (+58%) and HD (+96%) vs. IMT; P < 0.001]. We conclude that administration of nandrolone decanoate did not enhance the previously observed training effects in rat diaphragm, although it increased the IGF-I mRNA expression levels.
Displacement detection is suppressed by the post-saccadic stimulus (2020)

To establish a perceptually stable world despite the large retinal shifts caused by saccadic eye movements, the visual system reduces its sensitivity to the displacement of visual stimuli during saccades (e.g. saccadic suppression of displacement, SSD). Previous studies have demonstrated that inserting a temporal blank right after a saccade improves displacement detection performance. This 'blanking effect' suggests that visual information right after the saccade may play an important role in SSD. To understand the mechanisms underlying SSD, we here compare the effect of pre- and post-saccadic stimulus contrast on displacement detection during a saccade with and without inserting a blank. Our results show that observers' sensitivity to detect visual displacement was reduced by increasing post-saccadic stimulus contrast, but a blank relieves the impairment. We successfully explain the results with a model proposing that parvo-pathway signals suppress the magno-pathway processes responsible for detecting displacements across saccades. Our results suggest that the suppression of the magno-pathway by parvo-pathway signals immediately after a saccade causes SSD, which helps to achieve the perceptual stability of the visual world across saccades.
Urinary metabolites as noninvasive biomarkers of gastrointestinal diseases: A clinical review (2016)

The diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders is usually based on invasive techniques such as endoscopy. A key important factor in GI cancer is early diagnosis which warrants development of non- or less-invasive diagnostic techniques. In addition, monitoring and surveillance are other important parts in the management of GI diseases. Metabolomics studies with nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry can measure the concentration of more than 3000 chemical compounds in the urine providing possible chemical signature in different diseases and during health. In this review, we discuss the urinary metabolomics signature of different GI diseases including GI cancer and elaborate on how these biomarkers could be used for the classification, early diagnosis and the monitoring of the patients. Moreover, we discuss future directions of this still evolving field of research.
REDUCED HUMAN IgG ANTI-ATGAM ANTIBODY FORMATION IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS RECEIVING MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL1,2 (1995)

Exposure to the equine-derived polyclonal antithymocyte preparation, ATGAM, frequently elicits human anti-ATGAM antibody formation. The influence of concomitant immunosuppressants on this antiantibody response has not been established. We therefore evaluated IgG antibody formation to ATGAM in 47 patients receiving ATGAM as part of a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine for maintenance immunosuppression after primary cadaveric renal transplantation. All patients received ATGAM for induction of immunosuppression plus methylprednisolone, prednisone, and cyclosporine. In addition, patients were randomized to receive maintenance immunosuppression consisting of either azathioprine (AZA) 1-2 mg/kg/day, mycophenolate mofetil 2 gm/day (MMF2), or mycophenolate mofetil 3 gm/day (MMF3). Patient sequential sera were independently tested for IgG anti-ATGAM antibody by 2 laboratories, which were blinded to treatment arm assignments, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Both laboratories found significantly greater anti-ATGAM antibody formation in group AZA compared with groups MMF2 and MMF3: laboratory 1 reported sensitization rates in the 3 groups of 94% (AZA), 50% (MMF2) (P < 0.02 vs. AZA), and 60% (MMF3) (P < 0.05 vs. AZA); and laboratory 2 reported rates of 67% (AZA), 17% (MMF2) (P < 0.02 vs. AZA), and 10% (MMF3) (P < 0.02 vs. AZA). In addition, fewer patients formed high titer antibody in the MMF arms compared to the AZA arm: 56% (AZA), 0% (MMF2) (P < 0.02 vs. AZA), and 20% (MMF3) (P < 0.02 vs. AZA) of patients for laboratory 1; and 20% (AZA), 0% (MMF2) (P < 0.05 vs. AZA), and 0% (MMF3) (P < 0.05 vs. AZA) of patients for laboratory 2. Differences in test results between the 2 laboratories were explained by differences in the sensitivity of their respective immunoassays and in the criteria used for assigning a positive result to test specimens. In this protocol, MMF at 2-3 gm/day was associated with a reduced incidence and titer of IgG anti-ATGAM antibody formation compared with standard azathioprine dosing. Although MMF previously has been reported to inhibit T cell responses that mediate acute cellular rejection, this is the first demonstration that MMF significantly inhibits human B cell responses to antigen in vivo.
SEPARATION OF TRITIATED WATER FROM WATER USING COMPOSITE MEMBRANES (1995)

The work in this task involves the use of composite membranes to remove tritium from contaminated water at DOE sites. Experience with membrane systems in industry indicates that they are inherently energy efficient. Furthermore, membrane technologies such as reverse-osmosis have been well developed for desalination and other industrial/municipal applications. Aromatic polyphosphazenes were chosen as the polymeric material for the membranes being investigated because they have excellent radiological, thermal, and chemical stability. The FY-96 effort is directed toward empirical delineation of a potential mechanism, providing a statistical approach to data acquisition, further mass balance determination, and a preliminary design for the module staged array.
Characterization of acousto-optical interaction in planar silica optical waveguide by the finite element method (2016)

A full-vectorial finite-element-based approach is used to find accurate modal solutions for the acoustic modes in a Ge-doped planar silica optical waveguide. To enhance accuracy of the solution, the existing structural symmetry is exploited, and rigorous analyses of the interactions between the guided acoustic and optical modes are performed. The stimulated Brillouin scattering frequency and the overlaps between the fundamental and the higher-order transverse and longitudinal acoustic modes and the fundamental quasi-TE optical mode are presented.
A Virus Spotlighted by an Autonomous DNA Machine (2006)

Highly sensitive: Analysis of viral DNA (M13 phage) is possible by using a DNA-based machine that is fueled by dNTPs and synthesizes DNAzyme reporter units. The DNAzymes mimic peroxidase and lead to a colorimetric or chemiluminescent readout of the analyzed DNA.
Growth hormone treatment for growth hormone deficient adults (1996)

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency in adults is now recognized as a clinical syndrome with characteristic signs and symptoms. Numerous trials with daily subcutaneous biosynthetic human growth hormone (hGH) have been conducted in this patient group. Generally, improvements in insulin-like growth factor levels, decreases in total fat mass and increases in lean body mass are recorded with no overall effect on total body weight. Variable effects on serum cholesterol, bone mineral density and quality of life have also been reported. The true place of GH replacement therapy in adults has yet to be defined. Several questions relating to the dose, duration of treatment, long-term side-effects, quality of life changes and health economic implications of treatment still need to be assessed.
Evidence for distinct pathways of hepcidin regulation by acute and chronic iron loading in mice (2011)

TfR2, HJV, BMP6, and, to a lesser extent, HFE are required for the hepcidin response to acute iron loading, but are partially redundant for hepcidin regulation during chronic iron loading and are not involved in the regulation of BMP6 expression. Our findings support a model in which acute increases in holotransferrin concentrations transmitted through HFE, TfR2, and HJV augment BMP receptor sensitivity to BMPs. A distinct regulatory mechanism that senses hepatic iron may modulate hepcidin response to chronic iron loading.
Enrolling in Clinical Research While Incarcerated: <i>What Influences Participants’ Decisions?</i> (2017)

As a 2006 Institute of Medicine report highlights, surprisingly little empirical attention has been paid to how prisoners arrive at decisions to participate in modern research. With our study, we aimed to fill this gap by identifying a more comprehensive range of factors as reported by prisoners themselves during semistructured interviews. Our participants described a diverse range of motives, both favoring and opposing their eventual decision to join. Many are well-recognized considerations among nonincarcerated clinical research participants, including a desire for various forms of personal benefit, altruism, and concern about study risks and inconveniences. However, a number of influences seem unique to prisoners. Participants did not report that they were not coerced into enrolling, and they have even been under pressure not to enroll. However, many sought to enroll in order to obtain access to better health care, raising a concern about whether they were unfairly exploited.
Multiple Mutations and Bypass Mechanisms Can Contribute to Development of Acquired Resistance to MET Inhibitors (2011)

Therapies targeting receptor tyrosine kinases have shown efficacy in molecularly defined subsets of cancers. Unfortunately, cancers invariably develop resistance, and overcoming or preventing resistance will ultimately be key to unleashing their full therapeutic potential. In this study, we examined how cancers become resistant to MET inhibitors, a class of drugs currently under clinical development. We utilized the highly sensitive gastric carcinoma cell line, SNU638, and two related MET inhibitors PHA-665752 and PF-2341066. To our surprise, we observed at least two mechanisms of resistance that arose simultaneously. Both resulted in maintenance of downstream PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)-AKT and MEK (MAP/ERK kinase)-ERK signaling in the presence of inhibitor. One mechanism, observed by modeling resistance both in vitro and in vivo, involved the acquisition of a mutation in the MET activation loop (Y1230). Structural analysis indicates that this mutation destabilizes the autoinhibitory conformation of MET and abrogates an important aromatic stacking interaction with the inhibitor. The other cause of resistance was activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway due to increased expression of transforming growth factor α. Activation of EGFR bypassed the need for MET signaling to activate downstream signaling in these cells. This resistance could be overcome by combined EGFR and MET inhibition. Thus, therapeutic strategies that combine MET inhibitors capable of inhibiting Y1230 mutant MET in combination with anti-EGFR-based therapies may enhance clinical benefit for patients with MET-addicted cancers. Importantly, these results also underscore the notion that a single cancer can simultaneously develop resistance induced by several mechanisms and highlight the daunting challenges associated with preventing or overcoming resistance.
Collagen and bone viscoelasticity: A dynamic mechanical analysis (2002)

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of changes in Type I collagen on the viscoelasticity of bone. Bone coupons were heated at either 100 or 200 degrees C to induce the thermal denaturation of Type I collagen. Half of these specimens were rehydrated after heat treatment; the other half were tested in a dry condition. The degree of denatured collagen (DC%) was analyzed by a selective digestion technique with the use of alpha-chymotrypsin. Isothermal (37 degrees C) and variable temperature tests (scans from 35 to 200 degrees C) were performed with the use of a dynamic mechanical analyzer to evaluate changes in bone viscoelastic properties as a function of collagen damage, specifically, changes in the loss factor (tan delta) and storage modulus (E') were assessed. Significant collagen denaturation occurred only when bone was heated at 200 degrees C irrespective of the hydration condition. Also, DC% did not show a significant effect on tan delta. However, higher values of tan delta were observed in wet samples compared to dry specimens. The temperature-scan tests revealed that the hydration condition, but not DC%, significantly affected the behavior of tan delta. However, E' was not strongly influenced either by DC% or by water content. These results suggest that at a constant frequency the denaturation of collagen triple-helical molecules may have few effects on the viscoelasticity of bone, but moisture may play a prominent role in determining this property.
Detection of Estrus in Dairy Cows by Electrical Measurements of Vaginal Mucus and by Milk Progesterone (1976)

Electrical resistance (ohms) of mucus were analyzed in 20 postpartum Holstein cows by use of a probe inserted into the anterior vagina every other day for 30 days. Composite milk samples were taken on the same day, and progesterone was determined by radioimmunoassay. Cows were observed twice daily for standing estrus and reproductive organs palpated weekly per rectum (rectal palpation). Fifteen cows which were cycling showed increasing progesterone 6 to 7 days after the onset of estrus with values of 8.1 to 10.0 ng progesterone/ml milk on days 10 to 17. Concentrations had declined rapidly 2 days before onset of the next estrus. Progesterone in milk was affected by cow and by day of the cycle. Electrical resistance followed a similar cyclical pattern, but variability was large and only cows differed. The correlation between milk progesterone and mucus resistance was .22. Progesterone concentrations for four cows with follicular cysts fluctuated randomly with a mean of 2.6 ng/ml. Mean resistance of vaginal mucus was 44 omega for both cycling and cystic cows, indicating that a single measurement of electrical resistance every 2nd day was unreliable in distinguishing physiological states. One cow had high progesterone in milk on days 19 to 25 and was diagnosed pregnant by rectal palpation 3 wk later. Cows were not seen in estrus 28% of the time when milk progesterone and rectal palpation indicated they were in the follicular phase of the estrous cycle and were cycling.
Turbulence-Resistant Free-Space Optical Communication Using Few-Mode Preamplified Receivers (2017)

We propose and demonstrate turbulence-resistant free-space optical communication using a 10-mode pre-amplified receiver. A 6-dB improvement over a single-mode preamplified receiver in power budget was achieved for a wavefront distortion of 4π across the receiving aperture.
News (2000)

article Free AccessNews Share on Author: Douglas Blank Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville Univ. of Arkansas, FayettevilleView Profile Authors Info & Claims intelligenceVolume 11Issue 3Sept. 2000 pp 6–13https://doi.org/10.1145/350752.350754Online:01 September 2000Publication History 0citation730DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads730Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF