gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Follow-Up Results of Selective Laryngeal Adductor Denervation-Reinnervation Surgery for Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia (2006)

Selective laryngeal adductor denervation-reinnervation surgery for the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia was reported in 1999 in 21 patients with encouraging results. Here, we report long-term results of this procedure. Surgical outcome was evaluated using patient surveys and perceptual voice assessment. Measured outcomes included Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-10 scores, patient questionnaire, and perceptual evaluation for voice breaks and breathiness. Patient survey was obtained from 83 patients, and perceptual voice evaluation was performed in voice samples from 46 patients. Average follow-up interval was 49 months. Mean VHI-10 scores improved from a mean of 35.6 to 12.7. Eighty-three percent showed significantly improved VHI-10 scores, representing improved physical, social, and emotional well-being. There was a high degree of patient satisfaction, with 91% agreeing that their voice is more fluent after the surgery. Perceptual evaluation of postoperative voice samples revealed voice breaks in 26% (15% mild, 4% moderate, 7% severe) and breathiness in 30% (11% mild, 13% moderate, 6% severe). A majority of patients had stable, long-lasting resolution of spasmodic voice breaks.
Direct modulation and active mode locking of ultrahigh speed GaAlAs lasers at frequencies up to 18 GHz (1985)

It is demonstrated that an ultrahigh speed window buried heterostructure GaAlAs laser fabricated on a semi-insulating substrate can be used as a narrowband signal transmitter in the Ku band frequency range (12–20 GHz). The modulation efficiency can be increased over a limited bandwidth by a weak optical feedback. A stronger optical feedback enables one to actively mode lock the laser diode at a very high repetition rate up to 17.5 GHz, producing pulses ∼12 ps long.
Recent Progress on Athermal AWG Wavelength Multiplexer (2009)

This paper describes recent progress in relation to the key requirements for athermal arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexers with resin-filled grooves, namely a wide passband and low loss, compactness and a wide operating temperature range.
High-resolution Positive Resists for Electron-beam Exposure (1968)

This paper examines the utility of four newly proposed positive resists whose processing combines electron-beam-induced degradation of certain polymers and, subsequently, in situ fractionation according to molecular weight. Positive-resist action in four systems formulated on this concept has been demonstrated. Typical sensitivity in electron-beam exposure is 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−4</sup> coulomb/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Two resists exhibit resolution better than 1 micron. One resist investigated in detail yields extremely clean edges in electron-beam exposure, is resistant to hydrofluoric acid etching baths, and appears otherwise applicable to the fabrication of circuit elements of submicron size.
Immunization with Recombinant<i>Plasmodium yoelii</i>Merozoite Surface Protein 4/5 Protects Mice against Lethal Challenge (2000)

Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 4/5 (PyMSP4/5), expressed as a recombinant protein, was highly effective at protecting mice against lethal challenge with P. yoelii. There was a significant correlation between prechallenge antibody levels and peak parasitemia, suggesting that the homologues of PyMSP4/5 in Plasmodium falciparum are promising components of a subunit vaccine against malaria.
Role of Information Technology in Banking Industry (2013)

Technology has continuously played on important role in the working of banking institutions and the services provided by them. Information Technology enables sophisticated product development, better market infrastructure, implementation of reliable techniques for control of risks and helps the financial intermediaries to reach geographically distant and diversified markets. Internet has significantly influenced delivery channels of the banks. Internet has emerged as an important medium for delivery of banking products and services. Banking environment has become highly competitive today. To be able to survive and grow in the changing market environment banks are going for the latest technologies, which is being perceived as an 'enabling resource' that can help in developing learner and more flexible structure that can respond quickly to the dynamics of a fast changing market scenario. It is also viewed as an instrument of cost reduction and effective communication with people and institutions associated with the banking business.
TyDi QA: A Benchmark for Information-Seeking Question Answering in Typologically Diverse Languages (2020)

Confidently making progress on multilingual modeling requires challenging, trustworthy evaluations. We present TyDi QA---a question answering dataset covering 11 typologically diverse languages with 204K question-answer pairs. The languages of TyDi QA are diverse with regard to their typology---the set of linguistic features each language expresses---such that we expect models performing well on this set to generalize across a large number of the world's languages. We present a quantitative analysis of the data quality and example-level qualitative linguistic analyses of observed language phenomena that would not be found in English-only corpora. To provide a realistic information-seeking task and avoid priming effects, questions are written by people who want to know the answer, but don't know the answer yet, and the data is collected directly in each language without the use of translation.
Lessons for management of anaphylaxis from a study of fatal reactions (2000)

Immediate recognition of anaphylaxis, early use of adrenaline, inhaled beta agonists and other measures are crucial for successful treatment. Nevertheless, a few reactions will be fatal whatever treatment is given; optimal management of anaphylaxis is therefore avoidance of the cause whenever this is possible. Predictable cross-reactivity between the cause of the fatal reaction and that of previous reactions had been overlooked. Adrenaline overdose caused at least three deaths and must be avoided. Kit for self-treatment had proved unhelpful for a variety of reasons; its success depends on selection of appropriate medication, ease of use and good training.
Learning to Detect Partially Overlapping Instances (2013)

The objective of this work is to detect all instances of a class (such as cells or people) in an image. The instances may be partially overlapping and clustered, and hence quite challenging for traditional detectors, which aim at localizing individual instances. Our approach is to propose a set of candidate regions, and then select regions based on optimizing a global classification score, subject to the constraint that the selected regions are non-overlapping. Our novel contribution is to extend standard object detection by introducing separate classes for tuples of objects into the detection process. For example, our detector can pick a region containing two or three object instances, while assigning such region an appropriate label. We show that this formulation can be learned within the structured output SVM framework, and that the inference in such model can be accomplished using dynamic programming on a tree structured region graph. Furthermore, the learning only requires weak annotations - a dot on each instance. The improvement resulting from the addition of the capability to detect tuples of objects is demonstrated on quite disparate data sets: fluorescence microscopy images and UCSD pedestrians.
Composition and Thickness Effects on Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited Nickel-Iron Thin Films (1961)

Thin films of nickelA‐iron have found use in the fabrication of magnetic memories for information storage in computers. These memories have the advantage of very high speed switching. Use is made of a magnetic field during deposition to align the magnetic axes in the film in one direction so that the film exhibits a single "easy" axis of magnetization. Thus an "induced" anisotropy is established. In this work, effects of thickness (500–6000Aå) and composition (∼60% Ni–100% Ni) on the anisotropy field, Hk, as well as on wall coercive force, Hc, and easy direction disturb,HCD, are presented. Evidence for stress interaction with magnetization and some data on substrate roughness are given.
Kinetic and biochemical correlation between sustained p44ERK1 (44 kDa extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1) activation and lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated DNA synthesis in Rat-1 cells (1996)

Rat-1 fibroblasts were used to study the role of the sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) in lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-stimulated mitogenic signalling. Mitogenic doses of LPA, like serum, stimulated biphasic, sustained, ERK activation that persisted towards the G1/S boundary. The EC50 for LPA-stimulated ERK activation after 10 min, the time of peak response, was 2 orders of magnitude to the left of that for the sustained response after 3 h or that for DNA synthesis after 22 h, with the result that non-mitogenic doses stimulated a maximal peak response but no second phase. To complement these studies, we examined the role of different signal pathways in regulating the sustained and acute phases of ERK activation using defined biochemical inhibitors and mimetics. Activation of protein kinase C and Ca2+ fluxes played a minor and transient role in regulation of ERK1 activity by LPA in Rat-1 cells. Sustained ERK1 activation stimulated by LPA was completely inhibited by pertussis toxin, whereas the early peak response was only partly affected; this is correlated with the specific inhibition of LPA-stimulated DNA synthesis by pertussis toxin. The selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A completely inhibited sustained ERK1 activation by LPA but, again, the early phase of the response was only partially inhibited. In addition, low doses of staurosporine inhibited ERK1 activation by LPA. The effects of herbimycin A and staurosporine were selective for the response to LPA but did not affect that to epidermal growth factor. The results suggest a strong correlation between sustained ERK1 activation and DNA synthesis in LPA-stimulated Rat-1 cells. Furthermore, the two discrete phases of ERK activation by LPA are regulated by a combination of at least two different signalling pathways; the sustained activation of ERK1 in Rat-1 cells proceeds via a G1- or Gzero-mediated pathway which may also involve a tyrosine kinase.
Development of Analytical Platform of Nanoparticles for Accelerating Nanomedicine (2015)

エクソソームは、細胞が分泌するナノベシクルの一種である。がんをはじめとする難治疾患の早期検出や治療効果判定に利用できる疾病マーカー候補として注目されており、さらに、核酸医薬の薬物送達システム(DDS）、間葉系幹細胞由来エクソソームによる再生医療等、治療応用への期待も高まりつつある。しかし、直径が数10～100 nm、かつ、不均質な粒子集団を分析・同定することは難しく、細胞外小胞の研究者の間で新たなナノ粒子の分析手段を求める声が高まっている。本稿では、筆者らが考案した「マイクロ流路デバイスを用いる免疫粒子電気泳動法の原理」に基づき、株式会社ニコンと共同開発したナノ粒子解析装置について、開発の背景と技術概要を紹介する。本装置は、ナノ粒子検出に最適化したマイクロチップと光学装置により、直径50 nmに満たない微小粒子を個々に検出し、ナノ粒子集団の「濃度」、「粒子径分布」、「表面電位」、「表面抗原性」等の指標に基づく評価を可能にする。
Antigenic structure of human haemoglobin. Localization of the antigenic sites of the β-chain in three host species by synthetic overlapping peptides representing the entire chain (1986)

A comprehensive synthetic approach is applied here to localize the continuous antigenic sites of the beta-chain of haemoglobin. The approach was based on the synthesis and purification of the following consecutive 15-residue peptides (each overlapping by five residues at both ends with the peptides preceding it and following it in the sequence): 1-15, 11-25 etc. Quantitative radiometric titrations of protein and peptide adsorbents were performed with 125I-labelled anti-haemoglobin antibodies from three different host species. The specificity of antibody binding to peptide adsorbents was confirmed by inhibition studies and by the binding specificity of antibodies isolated from peptide adsorbents. These studies established the full profile of antigenic beta-chain regions, which was found to be independent of the host species. Five major antigenic sites were localized, and their three-dimensional and structural characteristics are discussed in relation to the immune recognition of haemoglobin and other proteins.
Monospectral photoacoustic imaging using Legendre sequences (2010)

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an imaging modality based on the generation of ultrasound using laser irradiation. Pulsed laser diodes are an attractive alternative to Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers since they are cheaper and handier. As acoustic time-of-flight limits the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for averaging, photoacoustic coded excitation (PACE) can be used to enhance the diodes' low signal to noise ratio (SNR). Strategies exhibiting range side lobes can yield higher SNR than previously proposed perfect methods while using simpler code sending procedures. Here, we examine the performance of Legendre sequences (LGS) for PACE. The gain in SNR compared to time equivalent averaging (coding gain) is derived as a function of code length and verified experimentally. The main lobe to peak side lobe ratio (MPSR) of the codes' autocorrelation functions is used to quantify the artifacts introduced by the codes' range side lobes. The coding gain is asymptotically equal to that of previously proposed methods, such as Golay codes (GC) or Simplex codes (SC). For finite code sending time, it exceeds the gain of GC and SC. For a PRF of 500 kHz and an imaging depth of 4.5 cm, the coding gain ranges from about 2 dB (11 bit sequence) to about 5.8 dB (547 bit sequence). Range side lobes are introduced but remain invisible for sufficiently large code lengths, which are necessary for practical applications.
Electrochemical biosensors - principles and applications (2008)

The first scientifically proposed as well as successfully commercialized biosensors were those based on electrochemical sensors for multiple analytes. Electrochemical biosensors have been studied for a long time. Currently, transducers based on semiconductors and screen printed electrodes represent a typical platform for the construction of biosensors. Enzymes or enzyme labeled antibodies are the most common biorecognition components of biosensors. The principles of, and the most typical applications for electrochemical biosensors are described in this review. The relevant systems are divided into three types according to the operating principle governing their method of measurement: potentiometric, amperometric and impedimetric transducers, and the representative devices are described for each group. Some of the most typical assays are also mentioned in the text.
<i>KCNJ11</i>activating mutations in Italian patients with permanent neonatal diabetes (2004)

Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) is a rare condition characterized by severe hyperglycemia constantly requiring insulin treatment from its onset. Complete deficiency of glucokinase (GCK) can cause PNDM; however, the genetic etiology is unknown in most PNDM patients. Recently, heterozygous activating mutations of KCNJ11, encoding Kir6.2, the pore forming subunit of the ATP-dependent potassium (K(ATP)) channel of the pancreatic beta-cell, were found in patients with PNDM. Closure of the K(ATP) channel exerts a pivotal role in insulin secretion by modifying the resting membrane potential that leads to insulin exocytosis. We screened the KCNJ11 gene in 12 Italian patients with PNDM (onset within 3 months from birth) and in six patients with non-autoimmune, insulin-requiring diabetes diagnosed during the first year of life. Five different heterozygous mutations were identified: c.149G>C (p.R50P), c.175G>A (p.V59M), c.509A>G (p.K170R), c.510G>C (p.K170N), and c.601C>T (p.R201C) in eight patients with diabetes diagnosed between day 3 and 182. Mutations at Arg50 and Lys170 residues are novel. Four patients also presented with motor and/or developmental delay as previously reported. We conclude that KCNJ11 mutations are a common cause of PNDM either in isolation or associated with developmental delay. Permanent diabetes of non autoimmune origin can present up to 6 months from birth in individuals with KCNJ11 and EIF2AK3 mutations. Therefore, we suggest that the acronym PNDM be replaced with the more comprehensive permanent diabetes mellitus of infancy (PDMI), linking it to the gene product (e.g., GCK-PDMI, KCNJ11-PDMI) to avoid confusion between patients with early-onset, autoimmune type 1 diabetes.
Flavor properties of compounds related to maltol and isomaltol (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlavor properties of compounds related to maltol and isomaltolAlan O. Pittet, Philip. Rittersbacher, and Ranya. MuralidharaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1970, 18, 5, 929–933Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60171a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (346 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Experimental Nonsurgical Tattoo Removal in a Guinea Pig Model with Topical Imiquimod and Tretinoin (2002)

BACKGROUND Tattoo removal is a common request in dermatologic surgery practices. Conventional tattoo removal modalities consist of mechanical, chemical, and thermal methods, but these interventions may result in undesirable dermal damage, disfiguring scars, and pigmentary changes. objective To evaluate the efficacy of topical imiquimod and tretinoin for the removal of tattoos in a guinea pig model. METHODS Five albino guinea pigs (A–E) were tattooed with black, red, green, and yellow. Beginning 6 hours after tattooing, A received no treatment, B was treated with petrolatum, C had imiquimod cream alternating with tretinoin gel, D had imiquimod cream alone, and E received tretinoin gel alone. The animals were treated for 7 days. Biopsies of the tattoos were taken at 6 hours, 7 days, and 28 days. RESULTS Control guinea pig B had normal-appearing tattoos with consistent histopathology on day 28. Guinea pig D, treated with imiquimod cream clinically, had no visible tattoo, consistent with greatly diminished or no dye evident on histopathology. Guinea pig E, treated with tretinoin gel, and guinea pig C, treated with combination tretinoin gel and imiquimod cream, had faded tattoos and moderate clearance of pigment on histopathology. CONCLUSION In the guinea pig, the use of imiquimod was successful as a nonsurgical method of acute-phase tattoo removal, but was associated with fibrosis and the loss of dermal appendages.
Lignin organosolvolysis from autohydrolyzed corn (Zea mays) stalks: Ozonation of both solvolytic solid and juice (1998)

The solubility of lignin from autohydrolyzed corn (Zea mays) stalks in different organic solvent–water mixtures and conditions was studied. The best lignin solvent was selected according to its lignin extraction capacity and its low reactivity to ozone. Both the organosolvolytic solid and juice obtained in optimal conditions, 75/25 (v/v) acetone–water mixture at 210°C for 45 min, and the autohydrolyzed material were treated with ozone, and the reaction products were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. The concept of the solubility parameter (δ-value) was applied to explain the effect of the solvent-to-water ratio on lignin solubility. The δ-value of the lignin dissolved was 13.8 (cal/cm3)1/2. The δ-value of the various solvent–water mixtures was also calculated. The experimental delignification capacity of the aqueous organic solvents clearly reflects the proximity of their δ-value to that of lignin. In other words, the closer the δ-value of the aqueous organic solvent to that of lignin, the more effective it is; the hydrogen-bonding capacity of the solvent–water mixtures was also taken into account. The following acids were identified during ozonation: glycolic, oxalic, malonic, glyoxylic, butanedioic, malic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, and syringic. In addition, syringaldehyde, vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and hydroquinone were identified. Ozonation of theorganosolvolytic juice led to the formation of the oxyaromatic compounds, which were destroyed during treatment. This destruction was accompanied by the generation of aliphatic acids. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1867–1876, 1998
Peptide-Functionalized Nanogels for Targeted siRNA Delivery (2009)

A major bottleneck in the development of siRNA therapies is their delivery to the desired cell type or tissue, followed by effective passage across the cell membrane with subsequent silencing of the targeted mRNA. To address this problem, we describe the synthesis of core/shell hydrogel nanoparticles (nanogels) with surface-localized peptides that specifically target ovarian carcinoma cell lines possessing high expression levels of the Eph2A receptor. These nanogels are also demonstrated to be highly effective in the noncovalent encapsulation of siRNA and enable cell-specific delivery of the oligonucleotides in serum-containing medium. Cell toxicity and viability assays reveal that the nanogel construct is nontoxic under the conditions studied, as no toxicity or decrease in cell proliferation is observed following delivery. Importantly, a preliminary investigation of gene silencing illustrates that nanogel-mediated delivery of siRNA targeted to the EGF receptor results in knockdown of that receptor. Excellent protection of siRNA during endosomal uptake and endosomal escape of the nanogels is suggested by these results since siRNA activity in the cytosol is required for gene silencing.
ScanSAT: Unlocking Static and Dynamic Scan Obfuscation (2019)

While financially advantageous, outsourcing key steps, such as testing, to potentially untrusted Outsourced Assembly and Test (OSAT) companies may pose a risk of compromising on-chip assets. Obfuscation of scan chains is a technique that hides the actual scan data from the untrusted testers; logic inserted between the scan cells, driven by a secret key, hides the transformation functions that map the scan-in stimulus (scan-out response) and the delivered scan pattern (captured response). While static scan obfuscation utilizes the same secret key, and thus, the same secret transformation functions throughout the lifetime of the chip, dynamic scan obfuscation updates the key periodically. In this paper, we propose ScanSAT: an attack that transforms a scan obfuscated circuit to its logic-locked version and applies the Boolean satisfiability (SAT) based attack, thereby extracting the secret key. We implement our attack, apply on representative scan obfuscation techniques, and show that ScanSAT can break both static and dynamic scan obfuscation schemes with 100% success rate. Moreover, ScanSAT is effective even for large key sizes and in the presence of scan compression.
Layout (2015)

Abstract The term layout is used to mean the physical location of an operation's facilities (machines, equipment, and staff) within the operation.