gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of carbonation on the properties of reactive magnesia cement-based pressed masonry units (2008)

The potential for magnesia-based cements to improve the mechanical performance upon carbonation was recently identified. Key parameters were defined as drying, concentration and transport of CO 2 into the sample. However, the trials were performed on small-scale samples of cement paste only. Following this an investigation was then conducted to understand (a) whether the carbonation would occur in pressed masonry units, (b) whether an improvement in the mechanical properties of those units could be expected, and (c) what conditions give rise to the maximum level of carbonation. Hence this paper presents the following: (a) the effect of natural and forced carbonation on the mechanical properties of pressed masonry units containing natural aggregates or Lytag; and (b) the conditions which give rise to the maximum level of carbonation. The results presented indicate that the natural carbonation of magnesia cement-based masonry units was very limited while forced carbonation improved the mechanical performance of the systems substantially. The results also showed that the intermediate saturation level was optimal for the carbonation reaction to readily occur.
Obstacle and Planar Object Detection using Sparse 3D Information for a Smart Walker (2014)

With the increasing proportion of senior citizens, many mobility aid devices have been developed such as the rollator. However, under some circumstances, the latter may cause accidents. The EyeWalker project aims to develop a small and autonomous device for rollators to help elderly people, especially those with some degree of visual impairment, avoiding common dangers like obstacles and hazardous ground changes, both outdoors and indoors. We propose amethod of real-time stereo obstacle detection using sparse 3D information. Working with sparse 3D points, in opposition to dense 3D maps, is computationally more efficient and more appropriate for a long battery-life. In our approach, 3D data are extracted from a stereo-rig of two 2D high dynamic range cameras developed at the CSEM (Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique) and processed to perform a boosting classification. We also present a deformable 3D object detector for which the 3D points are combined in several different ways and result in a set of pose estimates used to execute a less ill-posed classification. The evaluation, carried out on real stereo images of obstacles described with both 2D and 3D features, shows promising results for a future use in real-world conditions.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopic Investigation of the Oxonitridosilicate BaSi<sub>6</sub>N<sub>8</sub>O. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Toward energy-optimizing rotary wing MAV formations (2013)

A bio-inspired energy-optimizing control methodology for a formation of rotary-wing Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) is proposed. The key idea is that the recirculating airflow induced by each vehicle can be used to provide an upward airflow to a neighbor in the formation. The recirculating airflow around each vehicle is modeled using a doublet field, and the effects of recirculation on each vehicle in the formation are accounted for. A separation-bearing controller is implemented for a leader-follower formation, and the optimal formation is determined. It is found that the effects of recirculation are relatively weak, and only a single vehicle at a time can be the beneficiary of the recirculating flow of the rest of the formation. Within the optimal configuration, significant reduction in hover power can be realized for the lead vehicle.
The Cruciferous Nitrile, Crambene, Induces Rat Hepatic and Pancreatic Glutathione S-Transferases (1998)

Indoles and isothiocyanates found in cruciferous vegetables have been implicated as chemopreventive agents against carcino-genesis. The bioactivities of chemically related cruciferous nitriles, including 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (crambene), however, have not been thoroughly evaluated. Crambene causes a prolonged elevation of rat hepatic and pancreatic glutathione and induces the GSH S-transferases (GSTs). Because elevated GST activity against the model substrate chlorodinitrobenzene does not reflect individual isoenzyme induction, quantitative HPLC evaluation of specific GST subunits is necessary to fully assess the range of GST isoenzymes induced by crambene. Accordingly, male Fischer 344 rats were given, via esophageal intubation, either 100 (Experiment 1) or 50 mg crambene/kg body wt (Experiment 2) once daily for 7 days. GSTs were extracted from hepatic cytosol by affinity chro-matography, and the individual subunits that comprise the various isoenzymes were quantified by reverse-phase HPLC to gain an estimate of induction. In addition, pancreatic GST subunits were assessed in the low-dose experiment. In parallel with increased GST activity, crambene caused a generalized induction of GST subunits in both liver and pancreas, but the pattern of subunit induction was tissue dependent. In the liver, α subunits 1 and 2 and the μ subunit 3 were induced approximately 2-fold, while the μ subunit 4 was induced only 1.5-fold. In the pancreas, the α subunit 2 was induced to a much larger extent (2.6-fold) than the other subunits (from no induction to 1.6 fold). These results suggests that crambene-mediated GST induction mechanisms vary from tissue to tissue. Potential chemoprevention provided by crambene against GST-metabolized carcinogens or toxins may differ between liver and pancreas because of differences in the degree and pattern of induction.
Novel bifunctional DATA chelator for quick access to site-directed PET <sup>68</sup>Ga-radiotracers: preclinical proof-of-principle with [Tyr<sup>3</sup>]octreotide (2017)

Molecular imaging of tumors with the PET radionuclide <sup>68</sup>Ga has gained momentum in clinical oncology due to the expanding availability of commercial <sup>68</sup>Ge/<sup>68</sup>Ga-generators in combination with state-of-the-art PET/CT and PET/MRI hybrid imaging systems. Concurrently, interesting peptide-based or small-size vectors have been developed for theranostic use in cancer patients. Owing to the short half-life of <sup>68</sup>Ga (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 67.7 min) and the sensitivity of many targeting biomolecules, labeling and kit reconstitution in mild conditions allowing for quick access to ready-for-injection PET-tracers are highly desirable. The novel DATA ((6-pentanoic acid)-6-(amino)methy-1,4-diazepinetriacetate) chelator previously showing promising qualities for kit type labeling, was coupled to TOC ([Tyr<sup>3</sup>]octreotide). We herein report results from a first proof-of-principle study directly comparing <sup>67</sup>Ga-DATA-TOC with the well-established <sup>67</sup>Ga-DOTA-TOC in a series of preclinical models. Both analogs were shown to be sst<sub>2</sub>-preferring and specifically internalized in AR42J and HEK293-hsst<sub>2</sub> cells, with <sup>67</sup>Ga-DOTA-TOC internalizing faster in both cell lines. Similarly, after injection in mice bearing either AR42J or HEK293-hsst<sub>2</sub> tumors, both tracers efficiently and specifically localized in the implants. Whereas <sup>67</sup>Ga-DOTA-TOC exhibited higher tumor values, <sup>67</sup>Ga-DATA-TOC cleared faster from background tissues. These findings support the suitability of the newly introduced bifunctional chelator DATA as a reliable, quick and convenient means for labeling medically relevant vectors with the PET radiometal <sup>68</sup>Ga.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with defective myocellular copper regulation and both defects are rectified by divalent copper chelation (2014)

Myocardial copper deficiency and defective cellular copper transport/trafficking are revealed as key molecular defects underlying LV impairment in diabetes, and TETA-mediated restoration of copper regulation provides a potential new class of therapeutic molecules for DCM.
Dynamically controlled routing in networks with non-DCR-compliant switches (1995)

The authors investigate the deployment of a state-dependent call routing scheme in a network where only a fraction of the switches can fully support it. The state-dependent routing scheme considered is dynamically controlled routing (DCR). Not all switches are assumed to be capable of supporting the feature that DCR requires. For switches that cannot support DCR, several alternative routing schemes are considered. These are: FHR, fixed routing (FR), and adaptive controlled routing (ACR). These schemes were selected on the basis of their modest switch requirements, which can be expected to be satisfied with no or minimal new development by the vast majority of existing switch products. The objective in the article is to define feasible interworking arrangements between DCR and these schemes and assess the performance that can be expected of a network operating under these arrangements. The authors begin by discussing DCR, and describe how it can be enhanced to interwork with non-DCR switches. They describe the routing schemes considered for the non-DCR switches, and how they can interwork with DCR. After that they analyze the performance that a network can expect to achieve when it supports DCR in its DCR switches in conjunction with one of the other routing schemes in its non-DCR switches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME 2‐PHENYLPYRROLE DERIVATIVES (1979)

Abstract Die nach Literatur dargestellten Aryl‐chlorpropylketone (Ia)‐(Ic) werden mit KOH zu den Cyclöpropylketonen (IIa) bis (IIc) cyclisiert, wobei neben (IIb) bzw. (IIc) auch die Phenole (IId) bzw. (IIe) gebildet werden.
A generalized correlation for the viscosity of dextrans in aqueous solutions as a function of temperature, concentration, and molecular weight at low shear rates (1989)

Abstract An expression relating the viscosity of dextran solutions to polymer concentration ( c ), molecular weight ( M ), and temperature ( T ) has been derived from experimental data in the following ranges: 5 < c < 25% (wt/wt), 298.2 < T < 363.2 K, and 71,500 < M < 531,000 g/mol. The experimental work was based on capillary viscosimeters. Thermodynamic data (entropy and energy of activation for the viscous flow of a Newtonian fluid) are also presented as a function of polymer concentration for the three molecular weights studied. This thermodynamic analysis suggests that dextrans in aqueous solutions behave as flexible polymers. Application of our expression to existing viscosity data for ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers in paraffin has resulted in improved goodness of fit with respect to established correlations.
An effective and robust method for short text classification (2008)

Classification of texts potentially containing a complex and specific terminology requires the use of learning methods that do not rely on extensive feature engineering. In this work we use prediction by partial matching (PPM), a method that compresses texts to capture text features and creates a language model adapted to a particular text. We show that the method achieves a high accuracy of text classification and can be used as an alternative to state-of-art learning algorithms.
Application of crosslinkers to dentin collagen enhances the ultimate tensile strength (2006)

The stabilization of dentin collagen with biocompatible crosslinking agents may be of clinical importance to improve dentin bond strength. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of three collagen crosslinking agents on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of undemineralized and demineralized dentin. Ten freshly extracted sound molars were sectioned into 0.5 x 0.5 mm2 thick beams. The beams were either demineralized or kept undemineralized. Then, specimens were subdivided into four groups according to treatments--PBS solution (control), 5% glutaraldehyde (GD), 0.5% proanthocyanidin PBS solution (PA), and 0.625% genipin PBS solution (GE). Specimens were kept in their respective solutions for either 4 or 40 h. To assess UTS, specimens were subjected to tensile forces at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test (p < 0.05). Statistically significant increases in UTS were observed for demineralized dentin after PA and GE dentin treatment, when compared with those of the control group. Dentin treated with GD showed no statistically significant differences in UTS when compared with that the control. Undemineralized dentin revealed no significant differences as compared to that of the control, regardless of the collagen crosslinkers. The application of two naturally occurring crosslinkers, i.e., PA and GE, to dentin collagen significantly improves UTS, indicating its potential value in restorative dentistry.
Trust in Web-based electronic commerce security (1998)

Electronic commerce is about business. Businesses are built on relationships and relationships are built on trust, especially in today’s virtual competitive world. Trust is an essential ingredient for electronic commerce in creating loyal and very satisfied customers. This paper discusses the concept of trust and its importance for secure electronic commerce.
Optical models of complex fenestration systems (2007)

The need for energy conservation in buildings has spurred innovations in window technologies. These products include windows combined with shading devices, and windows featuring complex glazing such as switchable glazing, diffuse glazing, translucent and transparent insulation, patterned or decorative glass, etc. Current fenestration simulation tools for energy performance product ratings do not cover complex fenestration products. This paper addresses the development of detailed calculation models to compute the optical characteristics of complex fenestration products made up of a mixture of clear and scattering glazing layers. The models take into account not only the optical properties of the individual glazing layers making up the window product, but also the haze and gloss properties of the glazing layers. Specific optical models are developed to compute the optics of a clear substrate with applied or laminated scattering film, and composite film made up of a number of homogeneous materials with known optical properties. A general optical model was also developed for screen-like glazing panes such as insect/shading screens, roller blinds, drapery sheets, honeycomb transparent insulation and fibreglass translucent glazing.
Quantification of 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO) and Palmitic Acid in sn-2 Position of Triacylglycerols in Human Milk by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (2018)

This study describes the identification and quantification of fatty acids in the <i>sn</i>-2 position of triacylglycerols (TAG) and of the most abundant TAG regioisomers in human milk by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). Over 300 individual TAG species were observed and 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO) was identified as the most abundant TAG regioisomer. Validation of the HPLC-HRMS method showed repeatability and intermediate reproducibility values ranging from 3.1 to 16.6% and 4.0 to 20.7%, respectively, and accuracy ranging from 75 to 97%. Results obtained by the HPLC-HRMS method were comparable to results from the ISO 6800 method for the quantification of palmitic acid in the <i>sn</i>-2 position of TAG (81.4 and 81.8 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup> total palmitic acid, respectively). Processing the data obtained with the HPLC-HRMS method is extremely time consuming and, therefore, a targeted method suitable for the quantification of OPO in human milk samples by ultra-performance (UP) LC coupled with triple quadrupole (QQQ) MS was developed and validated. OPO identification and quantification by UPLC-QQQ were based on nominal mass and a fragmentation pattern obtained by multiple reaction monitoring experiments. The method was validated in terms of accuracy and precision by analyzing different aliquots of the same human milk sample over time and comparing the results with values obtained by HPLC-HRMS. Intermediate reproducibility was <15% and trueness comparable to HPLC-HRMS. Quantification of OPO in human milk samples collected at 30, 60 and 120 days postpartum showed that OPO content varies between 333 ± 11.8 and 383 ± 18.0 mg 100mL<sup>-1</sup>.
Renal cell carcinoma: antitumor effects of leukocyte interferon. (1983)

Partially purified human leukocyte (alpha) interferon was administered i.m. at a dose of 3 x 10(6) units/day to 19 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Five patients (26%) showed partial responses; two patients (10.5%), objective minor responses; three patients (16%), mixed effects (evidence of biological effect with regression of some lesions but concomitant progression); two patients (10.5%), disease stabilization; and seven patients (37%), progressive disease. All tumor responses were seen in lung or mediastinal metastases. Tumor response significantly correlated with interferon-induced leukopenia and granulocytopenia and with pretreatment performance status. Antibodies to interferon were found in one patient prior to treatment. We concluded that interferon is a potential active antitumor agent in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
The Effects of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine on Nitric Oxide Production in RAW 264.7 and Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages (2014)

Chloroquine, an antimalarial drug, can also be used in the regulation of the immune system, e.g. it is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study we investigated the effects of chloroquine and its hydroxy-derivative on nitric oxide (NO) production in two different cell types: (i) immortalized mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and (ii) mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). The cells were treated with different concentrations (1-100 μM) of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide for 24 h to induce NO production. Measurement of nitrites by the Griess reaction was used to evaluate the production of NO. Expression of inducible NO synthase was evaluated with Western blot and ATPcytotoxicity test was used to measure the viability of the cells. Our results showed that both chloroquine and its hydroxy-derivative inhibited NO production in both cell types. However, based on the results of LD50 these inhibitory effects of both derivatives were due to their cytotoxicity. The LD50 values for chloroquine were 24.77 μM (RAW 264.7) and 24.86 μM (BMDM), the LD50 for hydroxychloroquine were 13.28 μM (RAW 264.7) and 13.98 μM (BMDM). In conclusion, hydroxychloroquine was more cytotoxic than its parent molecule. Comparing the two cell types tested, our data suggest that there are no differences in cytotoxicity of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for primary cells (BMDM) or immortalized cell line (RAW 264.7).
Unsupervised learning from users' error correction in speech dictation (2004)

We propose an approach to adapting automatic speech recognition systems used in dictation systems through unsupervised learning from users’ error correction. Three steps are involved in the adaptation: 1) infer whether the user is correcting a speech recognition error or simply editing the text, 2) infer what the most possible cause of the error is, and 3) adapt the system accordingly. To adapt the system effectively, we introduce an enhanced two-pass pronunciation learning algorithm that utilizes the output from both an ngram phoneme recognizer and a Letter-to-Sound component. Our experiments show that we can obtain greater than 10% relative word error rate reduction using the approaches we proposed. Learning new words gives the largest performance gain while adapting pronunciations and using a cache language model also produce a small gain.
The Therapy of Peri-implantitis: A Systematic Review (2014)

While the available evidence does not allow any specific recommendations for the therapy of peri-implantitis, successful treatment outcomes at 12 months were reported in a majority of patients in 7 studies. Although favorable short-term outcomes were reported in many studies, lack of disease resolution as well as progression or recurrence of disease and implant loss despite treatment were also reported. The reported outcomes must be viewed in the context of the varied peri-implantitis case definitions and severity of disease included as well as the heterogeneity in study design, length of follow-up, and exclusion/inclusion criteria.
Want-To vs. Have-To Socializations in Social Network Sites: Fear of Isolation, Jealousy, and Tie Strengths (2015)

As social network sites (SNS) expand the boundaries of oneâs social life, we often observe encounters between two different types of motivations for socialization - I want-to socialize vs. I have-to socialize. SNS at present are considered commodities. People do not always start using SNS because they want to, but often because everyone else is using it; people do not wish to be isolated from social circles. This study aims to examine different types of user motivations in SNS and observe how these lead to actual socialization behaviours with different progress dynamics. We apply constraint- and dedication- based relationship framework to distinguish motivations and identify constructs for each motivation. We plan to collect data from one of the major SNS to validate how their socialization intentions are differently realized into actual behaviours. We develop a two-staged research model and this research-in-progress presents the result of the pilot study conducted for the first stage. We also discuss how the second stage of the study will be executed, and how it will benefit the related literature when the project is successfully completed.
Introducing allergists to food chemistry (2001)

A report of common analytical methods for the identification and characterization of food allergens is presented. The different electrophoretic and immunologic methods describe the present analytical tools to characterize allergens. With respect to the lack of knowledge on the structure and the properties of food allergens, additional chemical techniques such as chromatography, NMR and MALDI-TOF are of particular importance.
Neutron reflectometry study of hydrogen desorption in destabilized MgAl alloy thin films (2008)

We studied the hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of thin Pd-covered Mg1−xAlx alloy films as a function of temperature and alloy composition. Using neutron reflectometry, we were able to determine the hydrogen content and the hydrogen distribution within these MgAl films in situ. For all films, hydrogen was uniformly dispersed within the MgAl film and no hydrogen was observable in the Pd cover layer. The Mg0.7Al0.3 film shows an appreciable 4.1wt% stored hydrogen and improved desorption characteristics with complete desorption at a temperature of 448K.
The synthesis of secretory IgA in the rabbit. I. Evidence for synthesis as an 11 S dimer. (1969)

Summary Colostral IgA from rabbits heterozygous for light chain allotypic specificities controlled by the b locus has been shown by quantitative precipitin techniques to consist of molecules bearing one allelic type or the other but not both. Molecules containing both specificities were obtained by mixing b4 and b5 colostral IgA in 5 M guanidine and dialyzing away the guanidine. These observations indicate that 11 S colostral IgA is synthesized as a dimer in single cells and not derived from 7 S IgA.
Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 (ST131) Subclone H30 as an Emergent Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen Among US Veterans (2013)

Among US veterans, ST131, primarily its H30 subclone, accounts for most antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and is the dominant E. coli strain overall. Possible contributors include multidrug resistance, extensive virulence gene content, and ongoing transmission. Focused attention to ST131, especially its H30 subclone, could reduce infection-related morbidity, mortality, and costs among veterans.