gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A training data selection in on-line training for multilayer neural networks (2002)

In this paper, a training data selection method for multilayer neural networks (MLNNs) in online training is proposed. Purpose of the reduction in training data is reducing the computation complexity of the training and saving the memory to store the data without losing generalization performance. This method uses a pairing method, which selects the nearest neighbor data by finding the nearest data in the different classes. The network is trained by the selected data. Since the selected data located along data class boundary, the trained network can guarantee generalization performance. Efficiency of this method for the online training is evaluated by computer simulation.
Boosting data access based on predictive caching (2011)

Storage system behaviors are recorded in trace files. The file system trace monitors the file operations from time to time. We show that once a file is created with a set of attributes, such as name, type, permission mode, owner and owner group, its future access frequency is predictable. A regression-tree-based predictive model is established to predict whether a file will be frequently accessed or not. By consulting with the rules generated from the predictive model over diverse real-system NFS traces, it can predict a newly created file's future access frequency with a sufficient accuracy. We further introduce an evolutionary storage system, which the predicted frequency information could be used to decide what files to keep in a flash memory. The trace-driven experimental results indicate that the performance speedup due to the prediction-enabled optimization is 2-4.
The role of pancreatic insulin secretion in neonatal glucoregulation. II. Infants with disordered blood glucose homoeostasis. (1993)

Some neonates, such as those who are preterm or small for dates, become hypoglycaemic or hyperglycaemic. These disorders represent a failure of neonatal metabolic adaptation, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Data from studies of hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic infants were reviewed in the light of new data from studies of healthy neonates. Data from 28 neonates, who had disordered blood glucose homoeostasis, were analysed to determine the interrelationships between circulating concentrations of glucose, intermediary metabolites, glucagon and insulin, and glucose production rates. Blood glucose concentrations ranged from 2.5 to 26.1 mmol/l, and glucose production rates from 0 to 19.2 mg/kg/min. Blood glucose concentrations were positively related to intravenous glucose infusion rates and to glucose production rates. A negative relationship existed between plasma glucagon and blood glucose concentrations, but there was a wide variation in plasma insulin levels at all blood glucose concentrations. No relationship between either plasma insulin or glucagon concentration and glucose production rate was shown. It is concluded that in neonates with disordered blood glucose homoeostasis, blood glucose concentration is influenced by the rate of administration of glucose, with less precise internal control mechanisms than older subjects. This emphasises the importance of blood glucose monitoring and careful prescribing of exogenous glucose by clinicians caring for such infants.
Microchip capillary electrophoresis/ electrochemistry (2001)

Microfabricated fluidic devices have generated considerable interest over the past ten years due to the fact that sample preparation, injection, separation, derivatization, and detection can be integrated into one miniaturized device. This review reports progress in the development of microfabricated analytical systems based on microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemical (EC) detection. Electrochemical detection has several advantages for use with microchip electrophoresis systems, for example, ease of miniaturization, sensitivity, and selectivity. In this review, the basic components necessary for microchip CEEC are described, including several examples of different detector configurations. Lastly, details of the application of this technique to the determination of catechols and phenols, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, nitroaromatics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, organophosphates, and hydrazines are described.
‘‘Event-ready-detectors’’ Bell experiment via entanglement swapping (1993)

Using independent sources one can realize an ``event-ready'' Bell--Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment in which one can measure directly the probabilities of the various outcomes including nondetection of both particles. Our proposal involves two parametric down-converters. Subcoherence-time monitoring of the idlers provides a noninteractive quantum measurement entangling and preselecting the independent signals without touching them. We give the conditions for high fringe visibility and particle collection efficiency as required for a Bell test.
Vardenafil Bayer Yakuhin. (2002)

Bayer is developing vardenafil, an orally active phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor for the potential treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) [314382]. NDAs were filed in September 2001 in the US and Mexico [423096], and vardenafil was submitted for Canadian approval in October 2001. As of November 2001, Bayer was expecting a response from the FDA in the second half of 2002 [429499]; the EMEA accepted a filing in January 2002, following a December 2001 submission [438163]. By October 2000, phase III trials were underway in Japan [384751] and by December 2001, a Japanese NDA had been filed; at the same time an application was filed in South Africa [426526], [433060]. At this time Japanese launch was expected in 2003 [434758]. By February 2001, Bayer was also investigating a nasal formulation of vardenafil for the potential treatment of erectile dysfunction [397608]. In November 2001, Bayer and GlaxoSmithKline signed a worldwide copromotion agreement for vardenafil, under which Bayer was to be responsible for all regulatory work required to obtain approval [429499]. In February 1999, Lehman Brothers predicted a 10% probability that vardenafil would reach the market, with launch in 2002. Peak Japanese sales of US$600 million were predicted for 2014 [319225]. In May 2000, Bayer predicted peak sales of Euro900 million [397137]. In July 2001, Lehman Brothers predicted a 75% chance that vardenafil would reach the market, and forecast peak sales of US $0.85 billion worldwide; the analyst also speculated that Bayer would seek a comarketing partner [414766].
The fine structure of developing elastic cartilage. (1977)

The fine structure of the elastic cartilage of the pinna has been examined in young rabbits aged from 1 day to 1108 days. Changes associated with growth and development are related not only to age but also to the actual situation in the pinna. In the midline, progressive changes are seen from the tip to the base. The changes in the chondroblasts with time are compared with those described in hyaline cartilage. Structures occur that, except for the presence of crystals, are apparently morphologically identical with the matrix vesicles of calcifying cartilage. These matrix vesicles, however, become very prominent with age, and aggregations of them appear to be released into the intercellular tissue from vacuoles at the periphery of the chondroblasts. There is no obvious association with calcification. Occasional single cilia, desmosomes and giant mitochondria are seen. Elastica is present at birth, and eventually every cell is separated from its neighbours by a partial investment of elastica. The quantity of matrix seems to increase with time, and with distance from the tip of the ear. This is accompanied by a marked increase in cell size with time.
Purification of recombinant human prostromelysin. Studies on heat activation to give high-<i>M</i>r and low-<i>M</i>r active forms, and a comparison of recombinant with natural stromelysin activities (1991)

Recombinant human prostromelysin was purified in a single step using Procion Red-Sepharose chromatography. The purified prostromelysin was self-activated to high-Mr (45,000) and low-Mr (28,000) forms by incubation at 55 degrees C without the addition of extraneous activators. The two forms of stromelysin were subsequently separated, again using Procion Red-Sepharose. Both of the heat-activated recombinant forms demonstrated similar specific activities (for the macromolecular substrates casein, gelatin, elastin, proteoglycan and type IV collagen) when compared with either heat- or trypsin-activated natural stromelysin. The heat-activated recombinant stromelysins both showed similar abilities to potentiate activation of human procollagenase when compared with trypsin-activated natural stromelysin.
Cardiac troponin I: a case study in rational antibody design for human diagnostics (2012)

In vitro diagnostic (IVD) platforms provide rapid and accurate determination of disease status. The clinical performance of antibody-based diagnostic platforms is paramount as the information provided often informs the medical intervention taken and, ultimately, the patient's outcome. Breaking down such an immuno-IVD device into its component elements, the biorecognition entity is key to the analytical specificity of the test. Furthermore, tailored optimisation of the antibody is often necessary to impart the desired biophysical properties for the specific application. This tailoring is now widely facilitated by advances in combinatorial approaches to antibody generation, molecular evolution strategies and the availability of truly high-throughput (HT), refined surface plasmon resonance-based screening tools. In this paper, we demonstrate a rational, knowledge-driven approach to the generation of epitope-specific antibodies for the early detection of cardiovascular disease, discuss the merits of the approaches taken and offer a perspective on HT strategies to mining large antibody libraries. These results highlight the expedience of such methodologies for the development of truly superior cardiovascular disease biorecognition elements.
<title>Information measures for object recognition</title> (1998)

We have been studying information theoretic measures, entropy and mutual information, as performance bounds on the information gain given a standard suite of sensors. Object pose is described by a single angle of rotation using a Lie group parameterization; observations are simulated using CAD models for the targets of interest and simulators such as the PRISM infrared simulator. Variability in the data due to the sensor by which the scene is remotely observed is statistically characterized via the data likelihood function. Taking a Bayesian approach, the inference is based on the posterior density, constructed as the product of the data likelihood and the prior density for target pose. Given observations from multiple sensors, data fusion is automatic in the posterior density. Here, we consider the mutual information between the target pose and remote observation as a performance measure in the pose estimation context. We have quantitatively examined target thermodynamic state information gain dependency of FLIR systems, the relative information gain of the FLIR and video sensors, and the additional information gain due to sensor fusion. Furthermore, we have applied to the Kullback-Leibler distance measures to quantify information loss due to thermodynamic signature mismatch.
Extending the Platinum-Free Interval in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: The Role of Topotecan in Second-Line Chemotherapy (1999)

Although the combination of platinum and paclitaxel offers effective chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer, the majority of women will eventually relapse with development of drug-resistant disease. Topotecan is the most extensively studied agent currently available for management of recurrent ovarian cancer and has been approved by the FDA for that particular indication. Early use of topotecan offers an effective and tolerable strategy that can prolong the platinum-free interval and optimize subsequent retreatment with platinum.
Development of 18F-fluorinatable dendrons and their application to cancer cell targeting (2011)

18F-fluorine is an ideal imaging PET (positron emission tomography) nuclide due to the low energy of its β+ (positron) and pure β+ decay. PAMAM dendrimers are branched organic molecules with multiple NH2 termini each of which can accommodate the attachment of functionalities. The presence of a thiol group also facilitates the conjugation of a targeting molecule. Here we describe the attachment of boroaryl moieties to the terminal NH2 groups of dendrimers and after cleavage of the bridging thiol group conjugation of the functionalized dendrons (half-dendrimers) to biotin. Incubation of the targeted, boroaryl-functionalized dendrons with 18F-fluoride in acetic acid facilitated their radiolabelling with a labelling efficiency of about 60%. We then demonstrated that the 18F-dendron–biotin bound to HER-2 expressing cellsin vitro pre-targeted with the avidin–trastuzumab conjugate. The cell-associated 18F decreased with increasing dendron size suggesting that the larger dendrons sterically hindered binding of avidin with biotin. This is the first study to demonstrate that dendrimers can be functionalized with 18F-fluorinatable groups and used to target cell surface receptors.
Automatic Text Localisation in Scanned Comic Books (2013)

Comic books constitute an important cultural heritage asset in many countries. Digitization combined with subsequent document understanding enable direct content-based search as opposed to metadata only search (e.g. album title or author name). Few studies have been done in this direction. In this work we detail a novel approach for the automatic text localization in scanned comics book pages, an essential step towards a fully automatic comics book understanding. We focus on speech text as it is semantically important and represents the majority of the text present in comics. The approach is compared with existing methods of text localization found in the literature and results are presented.
Anti-Neuraminidase Antibody Response in Serum and Nasal Secretions Following Intranasal or Subcutaneous Inactivated A2/Hong Kong/68 Influenza Virus Vaccine (1971)

Abstract The anti-neuraminidase antibody (ANAb) response following subcutaneous or intranasal A2/Hong Kong/68 inactivated influenza virus vaccine was evaluated in 81 volunteers of varying ages. Rises in serum ANAb titer were seen in 33 subjects although 76 developed neutralizing antibody rises. In nasal secretions ANAb rises appeared in only 12 subjects as compared with 31 subjects with neutralizing antibody rises. In individual subjects the magnitude of serum ANAb rises to the Hong Kong neuraminidase and an earlier related A2/1957 neuraminidase were similar. Serum and secretory ANAb cross-reacted considerably with neuraminidase antigens of earlier strains of A2 influenza virus. The enzyme inhibition test for ANAb was more sensitive than the hemagglutination inhibition test. ANAb in nasal secretions was IgA. Since ANAb may participate in host defense against influenza virus infection, it may be important to measure the antibody response to the neuraminidase as well as hemagglutinin antigen to select vaccines with optimal prophylactic activity.
Proteomic Analysis of <i>Candida albicans</i> Cell Walls Reveals Covalently Bound Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes and Adhesins (2004)

Covalently linked cell wall proteins (CWPs) of the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans are implicated in virulence. We have carried out a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the covalently linked CWPs in exponential-phase yeast cells. Proteins were liberated from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-extracted cell walls and analyzed using immunological and advanced protein sequencing (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [LC/MS/MS]) methods. HF-pyridine and NaOH were used to chemically release glycosylphosphatidylinositol-dependent proteins (GPI proteins) and mild alkali-sensitive proteins, respectively. In addition, to release both classes of CWPs simultaneously, cell walls were digested enzymatically with a recombinant beta-1,3-glucanase. Using LC/MS/MS, we identified 14 proteins, of which only 1 protein, Cht2p, has been previously identified in cell wall extracts by using protein sequencing methods. The 14 identified CWPs include 12 GPI proteins and 2 mild alkali-sensitive proteins. Nonsecretory proteins were absent in our cell wall preparations. The proteins identified included several functional categories: (i) five CWPs are predicted carbohydrate-active enzymes (Cht2p, Crh11p, Pga4p, Phr1p, and Scw1p); (ii) Als1p and Als4p are believed to be adhesion proteins. In addition, Pga24p shows similarity to the flocculins of baker's yeast. (iii) Sod4p/Pga2p is a putative superoxide dismutase and is possibly involved in counteracting host defense reactions. The precise roles of the other CWPs (Ecm33.3p, Pir1p, Pga29p, Rbt5p, and Ssr1p) are unknown. These results indicate that a substantial number of the covalently linked CWPs of C. albicans are actively involved in cell wall remodeling and expansion and in host-pathogen interactions.
Plasma and Urine Levels of Uroguanylin, a New Natriuretic Peptide, in Nephrotic Syndrome (1999)

Uroguanylin, a new natriuretic peptide originally isolated from urine, stimulates the membrane guanylate cyclase C receptor. No information, however, is available on the plasma and urine levels of uroguanylin in nephrotic syndrome (NS), the state associated with sodium and water retention. Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay, we measured the plasma and urine concentrations of immunoreactive (ir-)uroguanylin in NS patients and compared them with those of patients with non-nephrotic glomerulonephritis. Plasma ir-uroguanylin, blood pressure and the cardiothoracic ratio were higher, and urine excretion of ir-uroguanylin was lower in the NS patients. Plasma ir-uroguanylin in the NS patients significantly decreased during remission as compared with findings on admission. There was a significant inverse correlation between the concentration of plasma ir-uroguanylin and that of serum total protein or albumin. Moreover, fluid retention in the NS patients was correlated with the changes in plasma ir-uroguanylin between admission and remission, indicative that the plasma concentration increases with the severity of the nephrotic state. Taking into account its potent natriuretic effect, these findings suggest that uroguanylin may function in the pathophysiological mechanism in NS.
Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors: from ISFETs to NanoFETs (2016)

Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs) are one of the most abundant classes of electronic sensors for biomolecular detection. Most of the time these sensors are realized as classical ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) having non-metallized gate dielectrics facing an electrolyte solution. In ISFETs, a semiconductor material is used as the active transducer element covered by a gate dielectric layer which is electronically sensitive to the (bio-)chemical changes that occur on its surface. This review will provide a brief overview of the history of ISFET biosensors with general operation concepts and sensing mechanisms. We also discuss silicon nanowire-based ISFETs (SiNW FETs) as the modern nanoscale version of classical ISFETs, as well as strategies to functionalize them with biologically sensitive layers. We include in our discussion other ISFET types based on nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, metal oxides and so on. The latest examples of highly sensitive label-free detection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules using SiNW FETs and single-cell recordings for drug screening and other applications of ISFETs will be highlighted. Finally, we suggest new device platforms and newly developed, miniaturized read-out tools with multichannel potentiometric and impedimetric measurement capabilities for future biomedical applications.
Exhaled nitric oxide and asthma: complex interactions between atopy, airway responsiveness, and symptoms in a community population of children (2003)

Raised FE(NO) seems to be associated with an underlying mechanism linking atopy and AR but not necessarily respiratory symptoms.
Alkali-Developable Positive-Photosensitive Polyimide Based on Diazonaphthoquinone Sensitizer (1998)

We report on the positive alkali-developable photosensitive polyimides based on an alkali-soluble polyimide precursor as a base polymer and diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ) sensitizer to improve process stability and sensitivity. Polyamic acid ester with pendant carboxylic acid (PAE-COOH) showed good dissolution behavior in aqueous alkali developer. The dissolution rate of PAE-COOH was controlled by the content of pendant carboxylic acid. It was found that a photosensitive system composed of butyl ester of PAE-COOH and a DNQ compound can avoid the residue at the edge of hole patterns (footing) after development, while that of methyl ester of PAE-COOH showed the residue. A DNQ compound containing sulfonamide derived from diaminodiphenylether renders improved sensitivity compared with DNQ compounds derived from phenol derivatives.
Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Conducting Polymers (2017)

Conducting polymers (CPs) have received much attention in both fundamental and practical studies because they have electrical and electrochemical properties similar to those of both traditional semiconductors and metals. CPs possess excellent characteristics such as mild synthesis and processing conditions, chemical and structural diversity, tunable conductivity, and structural flexibility. Advances in nanotechnology have allowed the fabrication of versatile CP nanomaterials with improved performance for various applications including electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, and energy devices. The aim of this review is to explore the conductivity mechanisms and electrical and electrochemical properties of CPs and to discuss the factors that significantly affect these properties. The size and morphology of the materials are also discussed as key parameters that affect their major properties. Finally, the latest trends in research on electrochemical capacitors and sensors are introduced through an in-depth discussion of the most remarkable studies reported since 2003.
Pharmacogenetic Predictors of Adverse Events and Response to Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results From North American Gastrointestinal Intergroup Trial N9741 (2010)

This study provides a platform to evaluate pharmacogenetic predictors of response or severe adverse events in advanced CRC. Pharmacogenetic studies can be conducted in multicenter trials, and our findings demonstrate that with continued research, clinical application is practical.
Einleitung (1999)

In Zeiten wachsenden Kapitalbedarfs sind weltweit agierende Unternehmen, sogenannte „Global Players“, in zunehmendem Maße darauf angewiesen, die Kapitalbeschaffung über eine Börseneinfuhrung auf internationalen Kapitalmärkten zu sichern, was angesichts der unterschiedlichen Börsenzulassungsbestimmungen nicht ohne weiteres möglich ist1). Mit der Globalisierung der Kapitalmärkte wird auch die Diskussion um die weltweite Harmonisierung der Rechnungslegung immer bedeutsamer. In erster Linie geht es bei dieser Diskussion um die grundsätzlichen und scheinbar unüberwindlichen Unterschiede zwischen der kontinentaleuropäischen und der anglo-amerikanischen Rechnungslegung. Die Problematik liegt allerdings nicht so sehr im Auseinanderklaffen einzelner Bilanzierungsvorschriften, sondern vielmehr in den aufgrund ihrer historischen Entwicklung verschiedenen Rechnungslegungsphilosophien, die aus unterschiedlichen rechtlichen und sozio-ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen erwachsen sind2). Die Rechnungslegungsvorschriften sind vor dem Hintergrund des jeweiligen Wirtschaftssystems eines Landes zu sehen, da sie ein Bestandteil des Rechts- und Gesellschaftssystems sind3).