gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CCL14 serves as a novel prognostic factor and tumor suppressor of HCC by modulating cell cycle and promoting apoptosis (2019)

CCL14 is a member of CC chemokines and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. In this study, CCL14 expression were analyzed by tissue microarray (TMA) including 171 paired tumor and peritumor tissues of patients from Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. We found for the first time that CCL14 was downregulated in HCC tumor tissues compared with peritumor tissues (P = 0.01). Meanwhile, CCL14 low expression in HCC tumor tissues is associated with a poor prognosis (P = 0.035). CCL14 also displayed its predictive value in high differentiation (P = 0.026), liver cirrhosis (P = 0.003), and no tumor capsule (P = 0.024) subgroups. The underlying mechanisms were further investigated in HCC cell lines by CCL14 overexpression and knock-down in vitro. We found overexpression of CCL14 suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells. Finally, the effect was confirmed by animal xenograft tumor models in vivo. The results shown overexpression of CCL14 lead to inhibiting the growth of tumor in nude mice. Interestingly, our data also implied that CCL14 played these effects by inhibiting the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings suggest CCL14 is a novel prognostic factor of HCC and serve as a tumor suppressor.
ChemInform Abstract: THE TRUE COURSE OF THE SOLVOLYSIS OF 3β‐TOSYLOXY‐5β‐HYDROXYCHOLESTAN‐6‐ONE, OR THE SN2 INVERSION RULE UPHELD (1979)

Abstract Die Solvolyse des Cholestanons (I) führt zum Homo‐Derivat (II), dessen Struktur u.a. durch Umwandlung in das aus (IV) zugängliche Keton (III) bewiesen werden kann.
Effective Refractive Index as a Criterion of Performance of Interference Filters (1968)

The performance of narrow-band interference filters for light incident over a range of angles is examined and defined in a general way on the basis of a calculation of the transmitted flux. The performance of a filter, which is the product of its flux-collection efficiency and its resolving power, is equal to the product of the square of the effective refractive index and the peak transmittance. This result is used to indicate how the basic design parameters and operating conditions of filters should be chosen.
Selective Hexapeptide Agonists and Antagonists for Human Complement C3a Receptor (2010)

Human anaphylatoxin C3a, formed through cleavage of complement protein C3, is a potent effector of innate immunity via activation of its G protein coupled receptor, human C3aR. Previously reported short peptide ligands for this receptor either have low potency or lack receptor selectivity. Here we report the first small peptide agonists that are both potent and selective for human C3aR, derived from structure-activity relationships of peptides based on the C-terminus of C3a. Affinity for C3aR was examined by competitive binding with (125)I-labeled C3a to human PBMCs [corrected], agonist versus antagonist activity measured using fluorescence detection of intracellular calcium, and general selectivity monitored by C3a-induced receptor desensitization. An NMR structure for an agonist in DMSO showed a beta-turn motif that may be important for C3aR binding and activation. Derivatization produced a noncompetitive and insurmountable antagonist of C3aR. Small molecule C3a agonists and antagonists may be valuable probes of immunity and inflammatory diseases.
Removal of Osteoclast Bone Resorption Products by Transcytosis (1997)

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption. During the resorption cycle, osteoclasts undergo dramatic changes in their polarity, and resorbing cells reveal four functionally and structurally different membrane domains. Bone degradation products, both organic and inorganic, were endocytosed from the ruffled border membrane. They were then found to be transported in vesicles through the cell to the plasma membrane domain, located in the middle of the basal membrane, where they were liberated into the extracellular space. These results explain how resorbing osteoclasts can simultaneously remove large amounts of matrix degradation products and penetrate into bone.
Carbon Recycling: An Alternative to Carbon Capture and Storage (2009)

Introduction Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is being hailed as the answer to the globe's most pressing question: what to do with the 27 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emitted yearly from the burning of fossil fuels? Touted as the most promising interim solution to deal with the greenhouse gas responsible for global warming, CCS still remains unproven, costly and will not be commercially available for another 10 to 20 years. Meanwhile, scientists are exploring alternatives to CCS by capitalizing on CO2 as a commodity instead of treating it as a waste. Background Twenty-seven billion tons of CO2 is already a hefty number, but energy-related carbon dioxide emissions are projected to reach 43 billion metric tons per year by 2030; an increase of 60%. A new report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that growing energy demands from emerging giants like China and India, coupled with a lack of cost-effective alternatives to fossil fuels, means that by 2050, 77% of the world's power will still be derived from fossil fuels(1). "We will require immediate policy action and a technological transition on an unprecedented scale," IEA Executive Director Nobuo Tanaka said in Tokyo after releasing the report. Carbon capture and storage (CCS), the process of capturing carbon dioxide and storing it in deep geological formations in the ocean or as mineral carbonates, is being promoted by the IEA and others as the most promising technology to deal with fossil fuel derived emissions. Not negating the role of alternative energies, the IEA is merely realistic about the enduring use of fossil fuels and the urgent need to deal with the resulting carbon dioxide. Addressing Carbon Capture and Storage On May 15th, 2009, U.S. Secretary of Energy Steven Chu announced at the National Coal Council that US$2.4 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act will be used to expand and accelerate the commercial deployment of carbon capture and storage technology, including financing to train a generation of engineers and geologists to work in the field. Chu said,: To prevent the worst effects of climate change, we must accelerate our efforts to capture and store carbon in a safe and cost-effective way." Governments in Europe, Australia, Canada and China are also strongly investing in the technology. Nevertheless, several massive hurdles still stand in the way of full-scale CCS deployment. UK consulting firm, McKinsey, figures that adding CCS to the next generation of European power plants could boost their price by up to US$1.3 billion each. Their thorough analysis(2) shows that the typical cost of a demonstration project is likely to be in the range of US$80 ? $120 per tonne of CO2 sequestered. Legally, there are concerns over whether CO2 transport and long-term storage present human or ecosystem related risks, and who is ultimately responsible if a leak occurs. While progress is underway in some countries, no country has yet developed the comprehensive, detailed legal and regulatory framework that is necessary to effectively govern the use of CCS.
Complement receptor 2/CD21− human naive B cells contain mostly autoreactive unresponsive clones (2010)

Complement receptor 2-negative (CR2/CD21(-)) B cells have been found enriched in patients with autoimmune diseases and in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients who are prone to autoimmunity. However, the physiology of CD21(-/lo) B cells remains poorly characterized. We found that some rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients also display an increased frequency of CD21(-/lo) B cells in their blood. A majority of CD21(-/lo) B cells from RA and CVID patients expressed germline autoreactive antibodies, which recognized nuclear and cytoplasmic structures. In addition, these B cells were unable to induce calcium flux, become activated, or proliferate in response to B-cell receptor and/or CD40 triggering, suggesting that these autoreactive B cells may be anergic. Moreover, gene array analyses of CD21(-/lo) B cells revealed molecules specifically expressed in these B cells and that are likely to induce their unresponsive stage. Thus, CD21(-/lo) B cells contain mostly autoreactive unresponsive clones, which express a specific set of molecules that may represent new biomarkers to identify anergic B cells in humans.
On the use of symmetry in FFT computation (1979)

It is well known that if a finite duration, N-point sequence x(n) possesses certain symmetries, the computation of its discrete Fourier transform (DFT) can be obtained from an FFT of size N/2 or smaller. This is accomplished by first preprocessing the sequence, taking the FFT of the processed sequence, and then postprocessing the results to give the desired transform. In this paper we show how a similar approach can be used for sequences which are known to have only odd harmonics. The approach is shown to be essentially the dual of the known method for time symmetry. Computer programs are included for implementing the special procedures discussed in this paper.
Beyond audio and video: multimedia networking support for distributed, immersive virtual environments (2002)

Like interactive audio/video applications, distributed virtual environments (DVEs) require continuous, low-latency delivery of media. While end-system media adaptations and network-based forwarding services have been developed to support audio/video applications, it remains an open question whether these mechanisms can be either directly applied or adapted to realize the requirements of DVEs. We present the results of a study on the use of audio/video media adaptations and router-based active queue managements (AQM) to support the data-flows generated by the UNC nanoManipulator-a DVE interface to a scanned-probe microscope. We present a delay-jitter management scheme used to support a haptic force-feedback tracking/pointing device used in the nanoManipulator and an AQM scheme based on buffer allocation in routers to reduce packet loss. The results of early experiments are promising and provide evidence that a sophisticated virtual environment interface can operate over the Internet to control a remote microscope in real-time.
Review and comparison of bi-directional AC-DC converters with V2G capability for on-board EV and HEV (2014)

In this paper, recent topologies for bi-directional AC-DC converters are reviewed. The reviewed topologies are efficient, isolated and compact and can be used as an on-board battery charger for EV or HEV. It is assumed that each converter is made up of a set of building blocks and choice of these building blocks results in different topologies. The topologies are divided into two families: single-stage and two-stage. To compare the topologies, two converters from the two families are chosen and compared in terms of efficiency, number of the devices and rating of them.
Enhancement of dynorphin gene expression in spinal cord following experimental inflammation: stimulus specificity, behavioral parameters and opioid receptor binding (1988)

The stimulus specificity for enhancement of dynorphin gene expression in rat spinal cord was studied by combined measurements of the peptide dynorphin A 1-8 and preprodynorphin mRNA levels during peripheral inflammation induced by several agents. The density of kappa receptors, the putative receptor for dynorphin peptides, was examined using receptor binding with autoradiographic visualization. Mu and delta receptor classes were also studied. All inflammatory agents tested (carrageenan, phorbol ester, yeast and Freund's adjuvant) rapidly induced edema and thermal hyperalgesia. All agents also induced a rapid (within 8 h) elevation in dynorphin mRNA and, in comparison, a delayed (within 2 days) elevation of dynorphin A 1-8 peptide; peak peptide levels were reached at 4 days. No alteration of kappa, mu or delta receptor binding was observed at 4 h or 4 days post inflammation. The rapid development of thermal hyperalgesia and elevation of dynorphin mRNA and peptide content indicates that the involvement of dynorphin-containing neurons in nociceptive processing does not require a chronic abnormality and a dynamic picture of opioid modulation of sensory processing emerges. These data also demonstrate that activation of dynorphin biosynthesis in spinal cord is a feature common to hyperalgesia and peripheral inflammation and is not restricted to any one type of inflammatory agent. The lack of alteration in receptors suggests that the physiological effects of an increased biosynthesis are not accompanied by a concurrent down-regulation of opiate receptors.
A 8-bit 500-KS/s low power SAR ADC for bio-medical applications (2007)

This paper presents a successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) design for bio-medical applications. An energy-saving switching sequence technique is proposed to achieve low power consumption. The average switching energy of the capacitor array can be reduced by 56% compared to a conventional switching method. The measured signal-to-noise-anddistortion ratios of the ADC is 46.92 dB at 500KS/s sampling rate with an ultra-low power consumption of only 7.75-μW from a 1-V supply voltage. The ADC is fabricated in a 0.18- μm CMOS technology.
Hydrogenolysis of cellulose to valuable chemicals over activated carbon supported mono- and bimetallic nickel/tungsten catalysts (2014)

The hydrogenolysis of cellulose was systematically investigated at 488 K and under 65 bar H2 in the absence of a catalyst and over six different catalytic systems containing nickel and/or tungsten on activated carbon (AC) in order to understand the role of individual active components (AC, W/AC, Ni/AC, a physical mixture of Ni/AC + W/AC, and two differently prepared Ni/W/AC catalysts) with respect to the product distribution wherein polyols (e.g. ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol, and sorbitol) are highly valuable chemicals. Without a catalyst and when using only AC, a hydrochar, due to hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose, was obtained. Although the catalyst W/AC was effective for the degradation of cellulose (high conversion of 90%) and facilitates C–C bond cleavage, selective production of any product was not possible, and the carbon efficiency (CEL) is the lowest (9.1%). Also, with highly dispersed Ni on AC the polyol yield was only 5.3%. The desired behavior showed Ni/W/AC provided its preparation occurs by a two-step incipient wetness (IW) technique. Starting with a remarkably high cellulose/catalyst ratio of 10, a cellulose conversion of 88.4%, CEL of 78.4% and EG yield of 43.7% were achieved (overall polyol yield = 62.1%). Drastically lower yields towards EG by an order of magnitude and decreased CEL were obtained by a co-impregnated Ni/W/AC catalyst and the Ni/AC + W/AC mixture. By the detailed analysis via XRD, TPR and CO chemisorption, it can be concluded that in the Ni/W/AC catalyst, after the first IW step of the activated carbon with ammonium metatungstate hydrate and the following reduction in H2 up to 1128 K, metallic tungsten was formed. This leads, in combination with the hydrogenation properties of nickel introduced in the second IW step, to a virgin bimetallic catalyst, i.e. before the hydrogenolysis starts, in which both components must be metallic. This is a prerequisite for high polyol production. Finally, varying the AC type, high space–time-yields up to 2.5 g polyols (gcatalyst h)−1 were obtained. A slight deactivation after two runs followed by a strong decrease of polyol yield in the next two runs was observed. Leaching and structural changes on the catalyst surface (formation of NiWO4) are mainly responsible for deactivation.
Making AUVs Truly Autonomous (2007)

Autonomous underwater vehicles are gaining acceptance in a number of applications and countries, as a safe, cost-effective and reliable alternative to manned or remotely controlled systems. However, the actual autonomy of these vehicles is limited in many ways, restricting their potential uses. Further advances in AUV autonomy will enable new operations, such as very long endurance missions (weeks), and operations in unknown areas. While some experimentation is already taking place with e.g. under ice operations, the chance of failure is unacceptably high for many potential users. De-risking of long-endurance autonomous operations in unknown areas is thus an important goal for the AUV community. This paper gives an overview of the AUV research being carried out towards this end at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment.
Intramolecular Ene Reactions in Organic Synthesis (1978)

Abstract Thermal cyclizations of appropriate dienes, enynes and related unsaturated systems, some of them carried out on an industrial scale, demonstrate increasingly the preparative power of the intramolecular ene reaction. A variety of substituted, fused and bridged ring systems, including natural products, are thus easily accessible in a regio‐ and stereo‐selective manner. Numerous examples are discussed systematically illustrating the possibilities, limitations, and common features of this cyclization reaction and its reverse ring‐opening process.
Formal Discussion on Relationship between Virtualization and Cloud Computing (2010)

As a most prevalent topic in recent few years, the public has shown great interest on cloud computing - the brand new concept about service pattern for IT industry. However, the public view is now mainly focused on the technical development of such a framework that is practically available, yet little research has been taken from the aspect of the academic. This article is written with the intention for some discussion and exploration on relationships between virtualization and Cloud Computing. The article provides one way it provides an attempt to give out a formal definition of cloud computing from the viewpoint of virtualization and the set theory upon which the concept of virtualization is based.
Structural, electrochemical and UV/VIS/NIR spectroelectrochemical properties of diastereomerically pure dinuclear ruthenium complexes based on the bridging ligand phenanthroline-5,6-diimine, and a mononuclear by-product with a peripheral isoimidazole group (1999)

Mono- and di-nuclear ruthenium(II) complexes derived from the potentially bridging ligand 5,6-diaminophenanthroline (dap) have been prepared and investigated. Reaction of dap (which has one ‘bipyridyl-like’ and one diamine co-ordination site) with [Ru(bipy)2Cl2] afforded [{Ru(bipy)2}2(µ-pdi)]4+, where pdi = phenanthroline-5,6-diimine, in which the diamine site has undergone a two-electron oxidation to give a quinone diimine site. The complex (as its hexafluorophosphate salt) could be separated chromatographically into its two diastereoisomers which were fully characterised independently, including the crystal structure of the homochiral diastereoisomer as its perchlorate salt. Electrochemical studies revealed six reversible reductions, of which the first two were shown by spectroelectrochemical studies to be centred on the bridging ligand (diimine/diiminosemiquinone and diiminosemiquinone/diamide couples), and the rest based on the terminal bipyridyl ligands. Although these six reductions occurred at identical potentials for both diastereoisomers, the separation between the two closely spaced RuII–RuIII couples varied slightly between the diastereoisomers indicating some sensitivity of delocalisation in the RuII–RuIII mixed-valence state to the optical configuration of the metal centres. The mononuclear complex [Ru(bipy)2(dap)]2+, in which the metal is co-ordinated at the bipyridyl site of dap with the diamine site vacant, easily reacts with acetone to give [Ru(bipy)2L]2+ where L is a phenanthroline derivative with a peripheral isoimidazole ring derived from condensation of one equivalent of acetone with the o-diamine group. The electrochemical, spectroscopic and luminescence properties of [Ru(bipy)2L]2+ are only slightly perturbed from those of [Ru(bipy)3]2+.
Rat astroglial somatomedin/insulin-like growth factor binding proteins: characterization and evidence of biologic function (1988)

Specific binding proteins (BPs) to somatomedin/insulin-like growth factors (Sm/IGFs) have been identified in conditioned media from a variety of cells in culture. By affinity cross-linking using disuccinimidyl suberate, we have covalently cross-linked radiolabeled somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF I), insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) and insulin to BPs in conditioned medium (CM) from cultured astroglial cells derived from cerebral cortices of neonatal rats. Two species of radiolabeled Sm/IGF BP complexes of 40,000 Da (40K) and 45K were identified. Competition with unlabeled Sm-C/IGF I and IGF II demonstrated that the BPs in each complex have similar affinities for Sm-C/IGF I and IGF II. The BP in the 45K complex was about 5-fold more sensitive to competition with unlabeled Sm/IGFs than the BP in the 40K complex, suggesting that it either has a higher affinity for Sm/IGFs or is less abundant. Evidence that the BPs in each complex are distinct includes the following findings: (1) insulin competed with Sm/IGF for binding to the 45K complex, but not the 40K complex, and (2) the BP in the 40K complex, but not the 45K complex, was recognized by antibodies raised against a BP purified from CM of buffalo rat liver (BRL) 3A cells. Growth hormone did not affect the apparent secretion of either BP. The binding activity of both BPs was retained after mild heat treatment, changes to extremes of pH (2-10), and prolonged storage at -20 degrees C, but was destroyed after heating to higher temperatures (80 degrees C and greater), reduction, and proteolytic treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Covid-19 in Indonesia (2021)

The Indonesian people still experience severe concerns about family stability because the COVID-19 pandemic has not stopped yet. The family burden is getting heavier every day. There has not been a comprehensive study of family instability related to COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to complement the shortcomings of previous writings by examining in detail the relationship between COVID-19 and family instability. This study is empirical research of family instability because it collects data from actors who experience family instability. The results of this study indicate that the problems caused by COVID-19 have not only resulted in the decline of the community's economy but have caused family instability in various ways, including social anxiety, unstable children's education, and an increase in the divorce rate. As shown in this paper, family instability cannot be resolved only with an approach of government power. However, it must also be overcome by a family counseling approach that touches the root of family problems. This research can be continued with a focus on studying the effects of COVID-19 on individuals using an anthropological approach.