gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Control by Magic—It's Wonderful (1952)

The author, citing an historic case of self-delusion and another instance of an outright attempt at fraud in the promotion of claims to scientific discoveries, suggests that lack of rapid evaluation technique and defective education in engineering are responsible in part for the ease with which bogus “dopes” and processes are sold. While urging that new ideas not be discounted in advance it is urged that claims for new ideas and devices be checked by known scientific methods before acceptance. The following guides are suggested for evaluating new schemes for controlling corrosion: 1) If claims are based on testimonials and not on available authoritative data, dismiss the device until authoritative evidence is supplied. 2) Be cautious concerning devices claims for which include statements obviously wrong. 3) Be cautious of devices operated by no known scientific principles. The National Association of Corrosion Engineers is advised to set up a council of respected members of the corrosion engineering profession to pass on acceptable advertising in Corrosion and acceptable exhibits at its national conferences.
Characterization of Conserved T- and B-Cell Epitopes in<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Major Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (2000)

Vaccines for P. falciparum will need to contain both T- and B-cell epitopes. Conserved epitopes are the most desirable, but they are often poorly immunogenic. The major merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) is currently a leading vaccine candidate antigen. In this study, six peptides from conserved or partly conserved regions of MSP-1 were evaluated for immunogenicity in B10 congenic mice. Following immunization with the peptides, murine T cells were tested for the ability to proliferate in vitro and antibody responses to MSP-1 were evaluated in vivo. The results showed that one highly conserved sequence (MSP-1#1, VTHESYQELVKKLEALEDAV; located at amino acid positions 20 to 39) and one partly conserved sequence (MSP-1#23, GLFHKEKMILNEEEITTKGA; located at positions 44 to 63) contained both T- and B-cell epitopes. Immunization of mice with these peptides resulted in T-cell proliferation and enhanced production of antibody to MSP-1 upon exposure to merozoites. MSP-1#1 stimulated T-cell responses in three of the six strains of mice evaluated, whereas MSP-1#23 was immunogenic in only one strain. Immunization with the other four peptides resulted in T-cell responses to the peptides, but none of the resulting peptide-specific T cells recognized native MSP-1. These results demonstrate that two sequences located in the N terminus of MSP-1 can induce T- and B-cell responses following immunization in a murine model. Clearly, these sequences merit further consideration for inclusion in a vaccine for malaria.
Impact of a Cu-zeolite SCR Catalyst on the Performance of a Diesel LNT+SCR System (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Advanced Cu-zeolite based SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalyst technologies were evaluated in a laboratory reactor as a component of a diesel LNT (lean NOx trap) plus in-situ SCR system (i.e., NH<sub>3</sub> generation over the LNT vs injection via urea). New-generation LNT formulations, with lower desulfation temperatures and improved durability characteristics relative to previous LNTs, were also evaluated. The combined new-generation LNT+Cu-zeolite SCR systems showed a much wider temperature window of high NOx conversion compared to either LNT catalysts alone or LNT+SCR systems utilizing Fe-zeolite SCR catalysts. The new-generation Cu-zeolite SCR catalysts retained high activity even after repeated exposure to high-temperature rich DeSOx conditions in a laboratory 3-mode aging cycle simulating 120,000 mile vehicle driving.</div>
STABILITY-INDICATING UPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF RAMELTEON AND THEIR DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS (2012)

A novel stability-indicating mass compatible gradient reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method was developed for the quantitative determination of purity of Ramelteon drug substance samples in the presence of its impurities and degradation products. The method was developed using Waters Acquity UPLC BEH SHIELD RP18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) column with mobile phase containing a gradient mixture of solvents A and B. The eluted compounds were monitored at 230 nm, the run time was 10 min within which Ramelteon and its four impurities were well separated. Ramelteon was subjected to the stress conditions of oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal, and photolytic degradation. Ramelteon was found to degrade significantly in acidic and slightly in oxidative stress conditions and stable in base, hydrolytic, and photolytic degradation conditions. The degradation products were well resolved from main peak and its impurities, proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and robustness.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Ru by Using a New Ru-Precursor (2006)

An ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) system is constructed. It has multi-channel shower head to deliver sequentially separated source pulses, and it also has a load-lock chamber to develop high vacuum in main chamber efficiently. In this system, Ru (Ruthenium) layers are deposited on 8-inch silicon wafer. A new Ru-precusor, Ru(CO)3(C4H6), is used as a Ru source. NH3 is used as a reactant, and Ar, a conventional purge gas, is used as a carrier gas. For each one cycle period, one second pulses of the source and the reactant with Ar are injected to the system separately, and Ar purge gas is injected for three second between the source and the reactant pulse. The mechanism and the process of Ru deposition by the new Ru- precursor are completely understood, and Ru is deposited successfully on the silicon wafer in our system. The physical properties and phase of the deposited Ru film are investigated by changing the physical variables including Ru flow rate. Our AES result of Ru thin film by using our new Ru precursor is shown in this paper. The oxygen impurity is barely detected. The proper control of the impurity is discussed. From our results, our ALD system with the new Ru-precursor is expected to be one of the future candidates for fabricating Ru electrode for capacitors below 50nm technology.
Heparin‐carrying polystyrene (HCPS)‐bound collagen substratum to immobilize heparin‐binding growth factors and to enhance cellular growth (2001)

Heparin-carrying polystyrene (HCPS), consisting of low molecular weight heparin chains linked to a synthetic polystyrene core, is able to attach to polymeric surfaces. In this study, HCPS has efficiently bound to collagen-coated micro-plates and collagen membranes thereby retaining the binding of heparin-binding growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)(165) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Both human skin fibroblast cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells have shown a good adherence to both collagen- and HCPS-bound collagen substrata. The growth rate of the fibroblast cells on the HCPS-bound collagen substratum in the presence of low concentrations of FGF-2 is higher than on a collagen surface. The fibroblast cells grow at a significantly higher rate on the HCPS-bound collagen substratum retained with FGF-2. Similarly, the growth rate of the endothelial cells on the HCPS-bound collagen substrata in the presence of low concentrations of either FGF-2 or VEGF(165) is higher than on collagen. The endothelial cells also grow at a significantly higher rate on the HCPS-bound collagen substratum retained with either FGF-2 or VEGF(165). These results indicate that HCPS-bound collagen substrata with various bioactive heparin-binding molecules may provide novel biomaterials controlling cellular activities such as growth and differentiation.
SGN-33 (Lintuzumab), a humanized anti-CD33 antibody, modulates the activity of CD33+ tumor-associated macrophages (2007)

4111 High numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) found in inflammatory infiltrates associated with malignant tumors, including those of the breast, prostate, bladder, kidney, ovary, and lung, have been correlated with poor prognosis and reduced patient survival. It is hypothesized that TAMs produce growth factors including MCP-1, IL-6, and RANTES that support tumor growth and immunosuppressive cytokines including IL-10 and TGFβ-1, that interfere with an anti-tumor immune response. Therefore, inhibition of TAM activity may elicit anti-tumor responses. CD33, a sialoadhesion family member, is expressed by normal macrophages and monocytes. To investigate the role of CD33 in TAMs, we profiled CD33 expression using tumor micro-arrays, explored the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages, and assessed the ability of SGN-33, a humanized IgG1 anti-CD33 antibody, to inhibit macrophage function. A survey of several multi-tumor arrays showed that CD33+ macrophages were present in inflammatory infiltrates of 43% (150/346) of the core samples. To further characterize the interaction between macrophages and tumor cells, normal human CD33+ macrophages were treated with conditioned tumor cell media from cultures of multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, bladder carcinoma, or renal cell carcinoma cell lines. Under these conditions, the macrophages increased the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, IL-8). Incubation of macrophages with SGN-33 significantly reduced the syntheses of these factors by 50%. Analyses of the tumor cell conditioned media revealed that tumor cells produced interferon-γ (IFN-γ), TGF-β, and VEGF. Similarly, when macrophages were pre-activated with recombinant IFN-γ or TGF-β, subsequent incubation with SGN-33 reduced the syntheses of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by up to 50%. Furthermore, SGN-33 reduced the migration of macrophages by 40% in response to chemoattractants such as conditioned tumor cell media. Ligation of CD33 by SGN-33 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of CD33 and the re-distribution of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 to the plasma membrane via interaction with phosphorylated CD33. The mechanism by which recruited SHP-1 may alter macrophage response to IFN-γ or TGF-β is being investigated. Demonstration that SGN-33 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and tumor enhancing growth factors produced by TAMs suggests a novel mechanism by which anti-CD33 antibody therapy might elicit anti-tumor activity.
Correlation between HSP-72 Expression and IL-8 Secretion in Human Mesothelial Cells (2007)

The significant correlation between HSP-72 expression and IL-8 secretion suggests that the regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways in mesothelial cells exposed to PDF may represent an integral part of their stress response. Future studies to investigate the cellular regulatory mechanism involved are warranted.
Altered properties of Serratia superoxide dismutase by chemical modification. (1988)

Serratia Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was modified with dextran (Dx) of M.W. 80K and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) of M.W. 5K. SOD was modified at 34% of its free amino groups by Dx. DX-SOD retained 67% of the enzymatic activity of native SOD and had cross-reacted less with anti-SOD in vitro but higher immunogenicity against SOD in vivo. SOD was modified at 24% of the free amino groups by PEG. PEG-SOD retained 52% of the enzymatic activity, had lower antigenicity and immunogenicity, and induced immuno-tolerance to SOD. The half-life of PEG-SOD in the rat blood circulation was about ten times as long as that of SOD. PEG-modification of SOD enhanced its pharmacological activities as an anti-inflammatory and radioprotective agent.
Distributed Databases (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Taxonomy of Distributed Database Systems Distributed Database Architecture Data Allocation Distributed Query Processing Distributed Transaction Processing Distributed Concurrency Control Distributed Commit Protocols Replication of Data Alternative Models of Distributed Transaction Processing Conclusions
A network architecture for global wireless position location services (2003)

Major R&D activities are underway following the FCC rulings for the Wireless E-911 service. The goal is to determine the location of an emergency caller accurately, thus enhancing significantly the security of subscribers. Additional new applications include highway navigation and location sensitive billing, among others. Much of the research is focused on attaining a balance between location accuracy on one hand, and the cost on the other. We present an architecture for an efficient and cost effective wireless position location system using differential GPS with the GPRS of the GSM as the basic wireless infrastructure.
Connecting mobile things to global sensor network middleware using system-generated wrappers (2012)

Internet of Things (IoT) will create a cyberphysical world where all the things around us are connected to the Internet, sense and produce "big data" that has to be stored, processed and communicated with minimum human intervention. With the ever increasing emergence of new sensors, interfaces and mobile devices, the grand challenge is to keep up with this race in developing software drivers and wrappers for IoT things. In this paper, we examine the approaches that automate the process of developing middleware drivers/wrappers for the IoT things. We propose ASCM4GSN architecture to address this challenge efficiently and effectively. We demonstrate the proposed approach using Global Sensor Network (GSN) middleware which exemplifies a cluster of data streaming engines. The ASCM4GSN architecture significantly speeds up the wrapper development and sensor configuration process as demonstrated for Android mobile phone based sensors as well as for Sun SPOT sensors.
Diversity and structure of hyphomicrobium populations in a sewage treatment plant and its adjacent receiving lake (1996)

Budding methylotrophic bacteria resembling Hyphomicrobium spp. were counted for 12 months in a German sewage treatment plant by most-probable-number (MPN) methods. Influent samples contained up to 2 x 10(sup4) cells ml(sup-1), activated sludge consistently contained 1 x 10(sup5) to 5 x 10(sup5) cells ml(sup-1), and the effluent contained 1 x 10(sup3) to 4 x 10(sup3) cells ml(sup-1). The receiving lake had only 2 to 12 cells ml(sup-1). Six morphological groups with different growth requirements could be observed among 1,199 pure cultures that had been isolated from MPN dilutions. With dot blot DNA hybridizations, 671 isolates were assigned to 30 hybridization groups (HGs) and 84 could not be classified. Only HG 22 hybridized with a known species, Hyphomicrobium facilis IFAM B-522. Fourteen HGs (HGs 8 to 20 and HG 22) were specific for the lake; most others occurred only in the treatment plant. HGs 1, 3, and 26 were found in the activated sludge tank throughout the year, and HGs 27 and 28 were found for most of the year. In summary, it was demonstrated that bacteria with nearly identical and specific morphologies and nutritional types showed a high level of genetic diversity, although they were isolated under the same conditions and from the same treatment plant or its receiving lake. A directional exchange of these genetically different populations was possible but less significant, as was shown by the establishment of distinct populations in specific stations.
A dual role for the kinase-like domain of the tyrosine kinase Tyk2 in interferon-α signaling (2000)

Tyrosine kinases of the Janus kinase family initiate cellular responses through their association with receptors for alpha-helical cytokines. In addition to a tyrosine kinase domain, these enzymes possess a kinase-like (KL) domain, whose function remains elusive. To investigate the role of the KL domain of Tyk2 in interferon-alpha/beta signaling, we transfected a library of Tyk2 cDNAs containing random point mutations in KL into Tyk2-negative cells and selected for loss-of-function Tyk2 mutants. Four such mutants, V584D, G596V, H669P, and R856G, were identified through this screen. Like the wild-type Tyk2, the mutant proteins were able to sustain the level of IFNAR1 receptor protein. However, all four mutants were incapable of restoring high-affinity interferon-alpha binding in Tyk2-negative cells and were also catalytically impaired, even when transiently overexpressed. Interferon-alpha induced phosphorylation, and gene expression could be detected in V584D- or G596V-expressing cells, but not in H669P- or R856G-expressing cells. Furthermore, H669P and R856G proteins were constitutively highly phosphorylated. All together, our findings demonstrate that an intact KL domain is essential for the intrinsic catalytic activity of Tyk2 and for the establishment of a high-affinity interferon-alpha receptor complex.
Particles on Surfaces: Detection, Adhesion and Removal, Volume 8 (2003)

This volume documents the proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Particles on Surfaces: Detection, Adhesion and Removal held in Providence, Rhode Island, June 24a 26, 2002. The study of particles on surfaces is extremely crucial in a host of diverse technological areas, ranging from microelectronics to optics to biomedical. In a world o
Predictive queueing multiple access-a wireless ATM protocol for multimedia communication (2002)

PQMA (predictive queueing multiple access) is a media access protocol for transporting speech, data, and video via indoor wireless channels. The 5-byte ATM header is modified to accommodate a multi-rate packet access protocol with ARQ capability. Similar to ATM, flexible bandwidth assignment is achieved by the use of virtual circuit identifiers. The ATM header contains a prediction field for the base station to schedule subsequent transmission from the mobile. Packet queues are maintained at both the base station and the mobile station. The protocol also has a built in capability for retransmission required for fading channels. Slow frequency hopping is also employed for combating frequency selective fading. The queueing and error performance of PQMA is analyzed and simulated, which demonstrates that PQMA can support multimedia communication for PCS.
DEVELOPMENT OF A RATIONAL CHARACTERIZATION METHOD FOR IOWA FLY ASH (1988)

This research project was conducted in an attempt to determine the cause of paste strength variability in Iowa fly ashes and to develop test methods to more adequately reflect fly ash physical and chemical characteristics. An extensive three year sampling and testing program was developed and initiated which incorporated fly ash from several Iowa power plants. Power plant design and operating data were collected. The variability was directly linked to power plant maintenance schedules and to sodium carbonate coal pretreatment. Fly ash physical and chemical properties can change drastically immediately before and after a maintenance outage. The concentrations of sulfate bearing minerals in the fly ash increases sharply during shutdown. Chemical, mineralogical, and physical testing indicated that the sodium, sulfate bearing minerals, lime and tricalcium aluminate contents of the fly ashes play important roles in the development of hydration reaction products in fly ash pastes. The weak pastes always contained ettringite as the major reaction product. The strong pastes contained straetlingite and monosulfoaluminate as the major reaction products along with minor amounts of ettringite. Recommendations for testing procedure changes and suggested interim test methods are presented.
Applicability of the log MM ‐ √D relationship to linear polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis under a wide range of experimental conditions (1982)

Abstract Recently we reported about a linear correlation between the logarithm of the size of native proteins (log mol mass or log Stokes' radius) and the square root of their migration distance (‐ √D) in linear polyacrylamide (PAA)‐gradient gels (G. M. Rothe and H. Purkhanbaba, Electrophoresis 1982, 3 , 33–42). The linearity between log MM and √D is not subject to time using homogeneous buffers in electrophoresis, no matter how the constants of the corresponding regression lines, slope and intercept change as a function of time. The realiability of this correlction has been re‐examined with 0.7 mm thin gel plates and extending the time of electrophoresis under non‐denaturating conditions from 2 to 95 h. It is demonstrated that the linear log size ‐ √D‐relationship is also applicable to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) linear PAA gradient gel electrophoresis.
Engineering the extracellular matrix : a novel approach to polymeric biomaterials. (1999)

Principles of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology were applied to the modification and microbial synthesis of artificial extracellular matrix proteins, which were designed for eventual application in vascular prostheses. Proteins were synthesized, in which the elastin-like pentapeptide (VPGIG) was repeated alone or in a blocky structure with a cell binding domain derived from the CS5 region of fibronectin. To control physical and mechanical properties, unique amine functionality was added to the termini of these proteins by the incorporation of lysine-containing fusions. Detailed purification protocols were developed for the isolation of three CS5-containing proteins having the same primary sequence, yet distinct lengths, and one CS5-free protein. The success of these protocols was verified by SDS-PAGE, Western analysis, amino acid analysis, and, in two cases, NMR spectroscopy. The integrity of the elastin-like sequence was further verified by the presence of a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Reacting the engineered proteins with glutaraldehyde resulted in crosslinked biomaterials that exhibited improved stability, with respect to solubility, and controllable mechanical response. The elastic moduli of these biomaterials was found to be inversely related to the protein masses from which they were derived, and approached modulus values of native elastin. Approximately, three out of every 4 amines participated in the crosslinking reaction, which was observed to be complicated one. Measurement of biological properties was limited to the evaluation of substrate specificity, with respect to cellular adhesion and spreading. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were observed to adhere to crosslinked, CS5-containing substrates at levels similar to that of fibronectin (FN) and at levels significantly greater than to the CS5-free control. HUVEC adhesion was found to be independent of blocking conditions. The binding mechanism did not involve the elastin binding protein, yet was one in which the CS5 domain participated. Human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (UASMCs) behaved in the same manner and with an unknown binding mechanism. Glutaraldehyde reaction products were implicated as participants in a nonspecific binding mechanism. Due to the ambiguities introduced by glutaraldehyde, a bis-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester of polyethylene glycol was employed as a crosslinking agent. The aqueous reaction conditions, although controllable to a certain extent, through pH and temperature, proved to be deleterious in achieving stable networks. HUVEC seeding indicated that this strategy, or other similar ones, may not alter binding characteristics in a significant manner.