gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organ Distribution of Proteinase-resistant Prion Protein in Humans and Mice with Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (1989)

We attempted to clarify the organ distribution of human and murine proteinase-resistant prion protein (PrPCJD) in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and to measure the concentration of PrPCJD, using a semi-quantitative Western blot analysis. Human PrPCJD was restricted to the central nervous system, whereas murine PrPCJD was present in the central nervous system and in the lymphoreticular system at the end stage of CJD. PrPCJD concentration in the central nervous system of mice was almost identical to that of humans. The minimum wet weight of an organ with a positive reaction was 0.3 mg for brain, 1 to 3 mg for spleen, 3 mg for spinal cord, 3 mg for lymph node, 10 mg for thymus and 10 to 30 mg for intestine of the CJD-infected mice. There were no immunoreactions in purified PrPCJD fractions from 300 mg of spleen, lymph node, liver or peripheral nervous systems of humans, nor in 300 mg of liver, lung or kidney of CJD-infected mice. Within the limits of our method, the distribution of murine PrPCJD differed from that of human PrPCJD. Antibodies on the Western blot membrane from murine spleen PrPCJD fractions stained the kuru plaques in the CJD-infected mouse brain. Therefore, PrPCJD in the murine spleen probably shares the epitopes of the antigen in the murine kuru plaques. Although the immunological detection of PrPCJD does have limits of sensitivity, PrPCJD concentrations did correlate with infectivity titres in scrapie-infected or CJD-infected mice.
28W average power hydrocarbon-free rubidium diode pumped alkali laser (2010)

We present experimental results for a high-power diode pumped hydrocarbon-free rubidium laser with a scalable architecture. The laser consists of a liquid cooled, copper waveguide which serves to both guide the pump light and to provide a thermally conductive surface near the gain volume to remove heat. A laser diode stack, with a linewidth narrowed to approximately 0.35 nm with volume bragg gratings, is used to pump the cell. We have achieved 24W average power output using 4 atmospheres of naturally occurring helium ((4)He) as the buffer gas and 28W using 2.8 atmospheres of (3)He.
Understanding the growth of Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>nanocrystal films made via electrophoretic deposition (2010)

Eu(2)O(3) nanocrystals, surface-functionalized with oleic acid, were assembled into transparent thin films via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Suspended in a non-polar solvent (hexane), the nanocrystals were cast into stable films on both the cathode and the anode. We characterized the nanocrystal films using optical microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy provided information regarding the morphology, topology and surface coverage of the films. These homogeneous, densely packed films were composed predominantly of agglomerates (approximately 15 nm) of the Eu(2)O(3) nanocrystals rather than of individual nanocrystals. Nonetheless, the films possessed low root mean square (RMS) roughness (approximately 1.4 nm). High transparency of the film in the visible region was facilitated by the dense packing and the small diameter of the agglomerates, which reduced transmission losses due to scattering. The effect of EPD process parameters (applied voltage and nanocrystal concentration) on the growth uniformity and the thickness of the films was examined via surface contact profilometry. We discovered a correlation among the said EPD process parameters, the overall quality and thickness of these transparent films, which provided insight into the mechanisms of the nanocrystal deposition process.
Carbon<sup>13</sup> NMR of <i>Z</i>- and <i>E</i>-Doxepin Hydrochloride (1986)

Carbon 13 chemical shift assignments are reported for Z- and E-doxepin hydrochloride [ Z- and E-N,N,-dimethyl-dibenz[b,e]oxepin-delta-11(6H)], gamma-propylamine hydrochloride, and related model compounds. Doxepin hydrochloride, a mixture of approximately 85% E- and 15% Z-isomer is of clinical importance as an antidepressant drug. Previous proton NMR studies indicated that the dibenz(b,e,)oxepin ring exists in two conformations. This study indicates that one conformation may be favored for each isomer with alkylamino olefinic substituent orientation above the most adjacent aromatic ring. Homoand heteronuclear shift-correlated 2D NMR, selective INEPT, selective and off-resonance decoupling, and inversion-recovery ( T 1 ) experiments as well as model compound comparisons were used in assignments.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Quercetin 3-O-Glycosides of 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-Glucose Under Phase Transfer Catalytic Conditions (2015)

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Divergent evolution of part of the involucrin gene in the hominoids: unique intragenic duplications in the gorilla and human. (1989)

The gene for involucrin, an epidermal protein, has been remodeled in the higher primates. Most of the coding region of the human gene consists of a modern segment of repeats derived from a 10-codon sequence present in the ancestral segment of the gene. The modern segment can be divided into early, middle, and late regions. We report here the nucleotide sequence of three alleles of the gorilla involucrin gene. Each possesses a modern segment homologous to that of the human and consisting of 10-codon repeats. The early and middle regions are similar to the corresponding regions of the human allele and are nearly identical among the different gorilla alleles. The late region consists of recent duplications whose pattern is unique in each of the gorilla alleles and in the human allele. The early region is located in what is now the 3' third of the modern segment, and the late, polymorphic region is located in what is now the 5' third. Therefore, as the modern segment expanded during evolution, its 3' end became stabilized, and continuing duplications became confined to its 5' end. The expansion of the involucrin coding region, which began long before the separation of the gorilla and human, has continued in both species after their separation.
Bringing Class Back In: an introduction (2016)

This introductory chapter firstly looks the state of the debate which is informed greatly by Yugoslav social science research and area studies scholarship published between the 1970s and early 1990s. This scholarship forms the starting point for this volume and contributing authors draw upon it heavily, complementing and contextualising it with primary sources including archives, film and print media and oral history.
Compatibilization of polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene blends with styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS) block copolymers (1997)

Blends of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) at compositions 20/80 and 80/20 were modified with three different styrene–ethylene/butyl–ene-styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers with the aim of improving the compatibility and in particular the toughness of the blends. The compatibilizers involved an unfunctionalized SEBS and two functionalized grades containing either maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MAH) or glycidyl methacrylate (SEBS-g-GMA) grafted to the midblock. The effects of the compatibilizers were evaluated by studies on morphology and mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of the blends. The additon of 5 wt % of a SEBS copolymer was found to stabilize the blend morphology and to improve the impact strength. The effect was, however, far more pronounced with the functionalized copolymers. Particularly high toughness combined with rather high stiffness was achieved with SEBS-g-GMA for the PET-rich composition. Addition of the functionalized SEBS copolymers resulted in a finer dispersion of the minor phase and clearly improved interfacial adhesion. Shifts in the glass transition temperature of the PET phase and increase in the melt viscosity of the compatibilized blends indicated enhanced interactions between the discrete PET and PP phases induced by the functionalized compatibilizer, in particular SEBS-g-GMA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:241–249, 1997
Harpagobaetis gulosus gen. nov., spec. nov., a new mayfly from Suriname (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) (1986)

The new genus Harpagobaetis is established for the new species H. gulosus from Suriname.\nHarpagobaetis is only known in the larval stage and differs from other genera of Baetidae mainly in the shape of the mouthparts. Gut contents revealed that the species feeds on larvae of Diptera.
Coupling a Surface Acoustic Wave to an Electron Spin in Diamond via a Dark State (2016)

Coupling artificial atoms and acoustic waves may be key in future quantum information processing efforts. An experimental breakthrough in coupling nitrogen vacancy centers strongly to acoustic waves in a way that still preserves their spin coherence is reported.
Enzymatic Oligomerization of Bacteriophage P22 DNA and of Linear Simian Virus 40 DNA (1972)

Linear double-stranded molecules of the circularly permuted and terminally redundant DNA of Salmonella bacteriophage P22 have been converted to oligomeric products in the presence of polynucleotide ligase coded for by the coliphage T4. The reaction has been monitored by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation and electron microscopy. It goes slowly and gives yields of 30-40%. The products are mainly dimers and trimers, but higher oligomers are also present.DNA ligase extracted from uninfected Escherichia coli seems unable to perform a similar reaction, which is concluded to involve the fully base-paired termini. Linear double-stranded molecules of simian virus(SV) 40 DNA, produced by the action of the bacterial restriction endonuclease R(1), are oligomerized by either ligase; therefore, this reaction seems to involve single-stranded cohesive ends. No mixed products could be found when P22 DNA and linear SV 40 DNA were exposed together to the T4 ligase.
Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society. Vol. V, No. 3. (London, December, 1948.) (1950)

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Physical characteristics of synthesized 1-amino-4-(arylamino)anthraquinone-2-ether dyes for synthetic polymer fibers (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical characteristics of synthesized 1-amino-4-(arylamino)anthraquinone-2-ether dyes for synthetic polymer fibersDavid O. Ukponmwan, Malcolm Greenhalgh, and Arnold T. PetersCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1984, 29, 4, 482–483Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00038a034https://doi.org/10.1021/je00038a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<sup>31</sup>P nuclear magnetic resonance and chemical studies of the phosphorus residues in bovine milk xanthine oxidase (1984)

In addition to the phosphate residues contained in the acid-dissociable FAD and the molybdenum cofactor moieties, milk xanthine oxidase contains one mole of covalently bound phosphorus per active-center molybdenum. Acid hydrolysis of the apoprotein moiety and subsequent analysis by high-voltage thin-layer electrophoresis has identified the phosphorylated amino acid residue to be phosphoserine. 31P NMR data show the phosphopeptide to be monosubstituted, in agreement with the chemical analysis. A pH-dependent chemical shift of the phosphorus residue in the molybdenum cofactor moiety is also observed which provides unequivocal support for suggestions in the literature that this cofactor contains a monosubstituted phosphate. 31P NMR studies on the intact enzyme show phosphorus resonances at about -3 ppm, +1 ppm, +8.8 ppm and at +13.5 ppm. The resonances at +8.8 ppm and at +13.5 ppm are assigned to those of the pyrophosphate linkage of the FAD moiety by analogy with chemical shift data of the FAD on glucose oxidase [James, T.L., Edmondson, D.E., and Husain, M. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 617] and from the absence of any resonances in this region upon examination of preparations of deflavo xanthine oxidase. The intensity and resolution of the resonance at about -3 ppm is dependent on the degree of functionality of the enzyme. This resonance has a small amplitude relative to the FAD resonances in 50-60% functional enzyme, but increases dramatically in intensity in the desulpho enzyme. This resonance is the only one exposed to solvent as it is the only one susceptible to paramagnetic line-broadening on the addition of Mn(II) to the enzyme solution. Treatment of the enzyme with allopurinol leads to alteration of the approximately equal to -3-ppm resonance, but does not significantly affect the other resonances. Formation of the stable Mo(V) 'inhibited' form of the enzyme with ethylene glycol results in extensive line-broadening of the resonances at -3 ppm and +1 ppm, but has no observable affect on the FAD resonances. These data suggest that in addition to the phosphate on the molybdenum cofactor, the phosphoserine residue in xanthine oxidase is also in close proximity to the activesite molybdenum center of this enzyme. These results are discussed with respect to possible implications on the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme.
The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and control simulations (1998)

Abstract. The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System is a joint effort of the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques and Laboratoire d'Aérologie. It comprises several elements; a numerical model able to simulate the atmospheric motions, ranging from the large meso-alpha scale down to the micro-scale, with a comprehensive physical package, a flexible file manager, an ensemble of facilities to prepare initial states, either idealized or interpolated from meteorological analyses or forecasts, a flexible post-processing and graphical facility to visualize the results, and an ensemble of interactive procedures to control these functions. Some of the distinctive features of this ensemble are the following: the model is currently based on the Lipps and Hemler form of the anelastic system, but may evolve towards a more accurate form of the equations system. In the future, it will allow for simultaneous simulation of several scales of motion, by the so-called "interactive grid-nesting technique". It allows for the in-line computation and accumulation of various terms of the budget of several quantities. It allows for the transport and diffusion of passive scalars, to be coupled with a chemical module. It uses the relatively new Fortran 90 compiler. It is tailored to be easily implemented on any UNIX machine. Meso-NH is designed as a research tool for small and meso-scale atmospheric processes. It is freely accessible to the research community, and we have tried to make it as "user-friendly" as possible, and as general as possible, although these two goals sometimes appear contradictory. The present paper presents a general description of the adiabatic formulation and some of the basic validation simulations. A list of the currently available physical parametrizations and initialization methods is also given. A more precise description of these aspects will be provided in a further paper.
Purification and properties of two forms of staphylococcal α-toxin (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification and properties of two forms of staphylococcal α-toxinHoward R. Six and Sidney HarshmanCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 14, 2672–2677Publication Date (Print):July 3, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 3 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00738a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00738a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quiescent mammary epithelial cells have reduced connexin43 but maintain a high level of gap junction intercellular communication (1999)

Gap junctions have been implicated in growth control, but it remains unclear whether cells that enter a quiescent state continue to express connexins and maintain a high level of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC). To this end, MAC-T cells, a bovine mammary epithelial cell line, were serum starved for 48 h to induce a quiescent (G0) state. In quiescent cells, [3H]thymidine incorporation was reduced by 97.3% from serum-fed controls. Western blotting in conjunction with Phosphorlmager analysis revealed up to a 20-fold decrease in the expression of the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43 or alpha 1) and a shift toward the unphosphorylated form in quiescent cells. However, cell-to-cell transfer of the gap junction-permeable fluorescent tracer, Lucifer yellow, was only moderately reduced in quiescent cells. In control cells, Cx43 was predominantly perinuclear, although it was also present at sites of cell-cell apposition. In quiescent cells, intracellular labeling for Cx43 decreased without a corresponding reduction at areas of cell-cell contact. Recovery from serum deprivation resulted in increased thymidine incorporation that corresponded with an elevation in Cx43 protein expression and phosphorylation. In parallel studies, MAC-T cells were also induced to enter a quiescent state through contact inhibition. Despite a 20-fold reduction in 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and a substantial reduction in intracellular Cx43, contact inhibited MAC-T cells also maintained gap junctions and GJIC. These experiments demonstrate that the maintenance of dye coupling in quiescent mammary cells is correlated with a redistribution of intracellular stores of Cx43.
Antitumor effect of antitissue factor antibody‐MMAE conjugate in human pancreatic tumor xenografts (2015)

Tissue factor (TF) triggers the extrinsic blood coagulation cascade and is highly expressed in various types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of an anti-TF monoclonal antibody and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). MMAE was conjugated to an anti-human TF or anti-mouse TF antibody using a valine-citrulline linker that could be potentially hydrolyzed by cathepsin B in the acidic environment of the lysosome. The cytotoxic and antitumor effects of the ADCs against four pancreatic cancer cell lines were analyzed. Both the ADC with the anti-human TF antibody and that with the anti-mouse TF antibody were stable under physiological conditions. The anti-human ADC was internalized in TF-expressing human tumor cell lines, followed by effective MMAE release. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of MMAE was approximately 1 nM for all of the cell lines used. Meanwhile, the IC50 of anti-human ADC was 1.15 nM in the cell lines showing high TF expression, while exceeding 100 nM in the cells showing low TF expression levels. Anti-human ADC with passive and active targeting ability exerted significant suppression of tumor growth as compared to that observed in the saline group (p < 0.01). Also significant tumor growth suppressions were seen at the anti-mouse ADC and control ADC groups compared to the saline group (p < 0.01) due to EPR effect. Because various clinical human cancers express highly amount of TF, this new anti-TF ADC may deserve a clinical evaluation.
Regulation of Enzyme Synthesis in the Aromatic Amino Acid Pathway of <i>Bacillus subtilus</i> (1969)

The control of the synthesis of certain key enzymes of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis was studied. Tyrosine represses the first enzyme of the 3-deoxy-d-arabino heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate pathway, DAHP synthetase, as well as shikimate kinase and chorismate mutase about fivefold in cultures grown under conditions limiting the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids. A mixture of tyrosine and phenylalanine represses twofold further. Tryptophan does not appear to be involved in the control of these enzymes. The specific activity of at least one early enzyme, dehydroquinase, remains essentially constant under a variety of nutritional supplementations. Two enzymes in the terminal branches are repressed by the amino acids they help to synthesize: prephenate dehydrogenase can be repressed fourfold by tyrosine, and anthranilate synthetase can be repressed over 200-fold by tryptophan. There is no evidence that phenylalanine represses prephenate dehydratase. Regulatory mutants have been isolated in which various enzymes of the pathway are no longer repressible. One class is derepressed for several of the prechorismate enzymes, as well as chorismate mutase and prephenate dehydrogenase. In another mutant, several enzymes of tryptophan biosynthesis are no longer repressible. Thus, the rate of synthesis of enzymes at every stage of the pathway is under control of various aromatic amino acids. Tyrosine and phenylalanine control the synthesis of enzymes involved in the synthesis of the three aromatic amino acids. Each terminal branch is under the control of its end product.
Speaker Identification System Using Wavelet Transformation and Neural Network (2012)

Abstract: In this Present study, the technique of wavelet transform and neural network were developed for speech based text-dependent and text0independent speaker identification. 390 feature were fed to feed-forward back propagation neural network for classification The function of feature extraction and classification are performed using wavelet and neural network system. The declared result shows that the proposed method can make an effective analysis with average identification rate reaching 98%. The best recognition rate selection obtained was for