gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of gangliosides from bovine erythrocyte membranes. (1978)

Two glucosamine-containing gangliosides, sialosylhexaglycosylceramides, were isolated from bovine erythrocyte membranes. Both gangliosides were hydrolyzed by neuraminidase isolated from Clostridium perfringens to become neutral hexaglycosylceramides. Based on the results of sequential enzymatic hydrolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses of the methylated sugars, the structures of these two gangliosides were shown to be NeuAcalpha2 leads to 3Galbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 3Galbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 3Galbeta1 leads to 4Glc-ceramide and NeuGcalpha2 leads to 3Galbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 3Galbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 3Galbeta1 leads to 4Glc-ceramide, respectively. In addition, N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminosyllacto-N-neotetraosylceramides, and N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminosyllactosylceramides were also found in bovine erythrocytes. The predominant fatty acids in these two gangliosides were C 22:0 and C 24:0. C-18 sphingosine was the major base detected.
Therapeutic potential of a distinct population of human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells and their secreted molecules in mice with acute hepatic failure (2011)

Human spindle-shaped AF-MSCs or HPL cells might be valuable tools to induce liver repair and support liver function by cell transplantation. More importantly, the factors they release may also play an important role in cell treatment in diseases of the liver.
Effects of sex pheromone in electrostatic powder on mating behaviour by <i>Lobesia botrana</i> males (2007)

Abstract: In laboratory trials, mating behaviour of males of Lobesia botrana Den. and Schiff. (Lep., Tortricidae) was investigated after treatment with an electrostatically chargeable powder, Entostat TM . Male moths were powdered with either blank Entostat or Entostat containing sex pheromone. Significantly more Entostat adhered to L. botrana males when sex pheromone was added to the powder compared with blank Entostat. Powdering male moths with Entostat, with or without sex pheromone, caused a significant reduction in antennal response when antennae were placed 2 cm away in downwind direction, while there was little effect when antennae were placed 25–100 cm from the EAG in downwind direction. In a flight study, powdering males of L. botrana caused significant increase in time before flight initiation and reduction in proportion of males making contact with calling females compared with untreated males. In a mating experiment in Petri dishes (to minimize required search time to locate female), significantly fewer females mated successfully (based on dissection of bursa copulatrix) when males had been treated with pheromone‐loaded powder. Overall, powdering males of L. botrana caused considerable suppression of mating behaviour on various levels, and these suppressing effects were increased after adding sex pheromone to Entostat.
ErbB3 expression and dimerization with EGFR influence pancreatic cancer cell sensitivity to erlotinib (2007)

Abnormal expression and signaling of ErbB receptors has been implicated in multiple epithelial malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. Erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), has been recently approved for pancreatic cancer treatment, but there are no reliable predictors of patient response. Expression of additional ErbB receptors seems to influence tumor response to EGFR-targeted therapy. We analyzed the influence of ErbB3 expression on pancreatic cancer cell response to erlotinib treatment. Proliferation assays of five human pancreatic cancer cell lines were performed following treatment with erlotinib. Expression and phosphorylation profiles of ErbB receptors and downstream adaptor protein (Akt, ERK1/2, STAT3, mTOR) were evaluated following stimulation with EGF or neuregulin-beta. The formation of EGFR homodimers and EGFR-ErbB3 heterodimers, necessary to enable ErbB3 downstream signaling, was demonstrated by chemical cross-linking assays. The effects of RNA inhibition of ErbB3 on sensitivity to erlotinib treatment were evaluated in AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Erlotinib inhibited Akt phosphorylation and proliferation of all the ErbB3-expressing cell lines but did not affect mTOR activation. Cross-linking studies confirmed the presence of EGFR-ErbB3 heterodimers in pancreatic cancer cells. Only the ErbB3-deficient MIA PaCa-2 cells displayed persistent Akt activation and ongoing proliferation in spite of erlotinib treatment. siRNA-mediated inhibition of ErbB3 expression in AsPC-1 cells resulted in acquired resistance to erlotinib treatment. Pancreatic cancer cells which lack ErbB3 do not display activation of the ErbB3-PI3K-Akt cascade induced by EGFR/ErbB3 heterodimers and become less critically dependent on EGFR signaling and therefore resistant to erlotinib. Pancreatic cancer expression of ErbB3 may be useful for EGFR-targeted therapy patient selection.
Removal of CPR Artifacts From the Ventricular Fibrillation ECG by Adaptive Regression on Lagged Reference Signals (2007)

The preliminary results from a small pool of human VF and animal asystole CPR data are slightly better than the results of comparable previous studies which, however, not only used different algorithms but also different data pools. The algorithm carries the possibility of further optimization.
Solid Phosphoric Acid Catalyst:  A Multinuclear NMR and Theoretical Study (1998)

The synthesis, structure, and acid function of solid phosphoric acid (SPA) catalyst were studied in detail. 31P and 29Si MAS NMR and X-ray powder diffraction identified the following crystalline silicon phosphate phases in SPA: Si5O(PO4)6, hexagonal-SiP2O7, Si(HPO4)2·H2O, and SiHP3O10. The acidity of SPA is due to a liquid or glassy solution of phosphoric acid oligomers supported on the silicon phosphate phases. 15N MAS NMR of adsorbed pyridine-15N and 13C MAS NMR of adsorbed acetone-2-13C showed Brønsted acid sites and no Lewis acid sites. 1H→15N→31P and 1H→13C→31P double cross polarization MAS NMR of the probe molecules provided a rare opportunity to use NMR to unambiguously localize chemisorption sites; the probe molecules are complexed to phosphoric acid and pyrophosphoric acid but not to the silicon phosphate phases. In situ NMR of the oligomerization of propene on SPA suggests that propene quantitatively reacts with phosphoric acid and its oligomers to form isopropyl phosphate, and formation of this very stable intermediate accounts for the lower olefin oligomerization activity of SPA relative to acidic zeolites. Theoretical calculations including geometries at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) and chemical shifts at GIAO-MP2/tzp/dz were used to model complexation of acetone or propene to SPA, and these support our conclusions.
Hybrid Matter-Wave–Microwave Solitons Produced by the Local-Field Effect (2015)

It was recently found that the electric local-field effect (LFE) can lead to a strong coupling of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) to off-resonant optical fields. We demonstrate that the magnetic LFE gives rise to a previously unexplored mechanism for coupling a (pseudo-) spinor BEC or fermion gas to microwaves (MWs). We present a theory for the magnetic LFE and find that it gives rise to a short-range attractive interaction between two components of the (pseudo) spinor, and a long-range interaction between them. The latter interaction, resulting from deformation of the magnetic field, is locally repulsive but globally attractive, in sharp contrast with its counterpart for the optical LFE, produced by phase modulation of the electric field. Our analytical results, confirmed by the numerical computations, show that the long-range interaction gives rise to modulational instability of the spatially uniform state, and it creates stable ground states in the form of hybrid matter-wave-microwave solitons (which seem like one-dimensional magnetic monopoles), with a size much smaller than the MW wavelength, even in the presence of arbitrarily strong contact intercomponent repulsion. The setting is somewhat similar to exciton-polaritonic condensates in semiconductor microcavities. The release of matter waves from the soliton may be used for the realization of an atom laser. The analysis also applies to molecular BECs with rotational states coupled by the electric MW field.
Isothiazolcs III: 2‐carbamoyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐ones (1971)

Abstract The reaction of several 3‐hydroxyisothiazoles with alkyl and aryl isocyanates has given high yields of 2‐earbamoyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐ones as the only isolahle products. Reaction with an iso‐thioeyanate, however, afforded a mixture of the isomerie 2‐thioearbamoyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one and 3‐isothiazolyl thiocarbamate.
DnaK Promotes the Selective Export of Outer Membrane Protein Precursors in SecA-deficient Escherichia coli (2002)

Consistent with many other results indicating that SecA plays an essential role in the translocation of presecretory proteins across the Escherichia coli inner membrane, we previously found that a approximately 95% depletion of SecA completely blocks the export of periplasmic proteins in vivo. Surprisingly, we found that about 25% of the outer membrane protein (OMP) OmpA synthesized after SecA depletion was gradually translocated across the inner membrane. In this study we analyzed the export of several other OMPs after SecA depletion. We found that 25-50% of each OMP as well as an OmpA-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein was exported from SecA-deficient cells. This partial export was completely abolished by the SecA inhibitor sodium azide and therefore still required the participation of SecA. Examination of a variety of OmpA derivatives, however, ruled out the possibility that OMPs are selectively translocated in SecA-deficient cells because SecA binds to their N termini with unusually high affinity. Export after SecA depletion was observed in cells that lack SecB, the primary targeting factor for OMPs, but was abolished by partial inactivation of DnaK. Furthermore, OmpA could be isolated in a stable complex with DnaK. The data strongly suggest that OMPs require only a relatively low level of translocase activity to cross the inner membrane because they can be preserved in a prolonged export-competent state by DnaK.
LONGITUDINAL INTERACTION OF MICROWAVES WITH AN ARGON DISCHARGE (1965)

First Page
Visual Place Recognition in Long-term and Large-scale Environment based on CNN Feature (2018)

With the universal application of camera in intelligent vehicles, visual place recognition has become a major problem in intelligent vehicle localization. The traditional solution is to make visual description of place images using hand-crafted feature for matching places, but this description method is not very good for extreme variability, especially for seasonal transformation. In this paper, we propose a new method based on convolutional neural network (CNN), by putting images into the pre-trained network model to get automatically learned image descriptors, and through some operations of pooling, fusion and binarization to optimize them, then the similarity result of place recognition is presented with the Hamming distance of the place sequence. In the experimental part, we compare our method with some state-of-the-art algorithms, FABMAP, ABLE-M and SeqSLAM, to illustrate its advantages. The experimental results show that our method based on CNN achieves better performance than other methods on the representative public datasets.
Tegafur for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (2017)

目的
评价替吉奥治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效。


方法
回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年4月90例NSCLC患者的临床资料，根据是否接受替吉奥治疗，将其分为试验组52例（接受单药替吉奥化疗）和对照组38例（接受最佳支持治疗）。比较两组患者近期疗效以及治疗期间毒副反应的发生情况。


结果
试验组的客观有效率（RR）以及疾病控制率（DCR）分别为55.77%、86.54%，明显高于对照组的15.79%、47.37%，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。试验组和对照组的1年生存率分别为63.46%和28.95%，中位无疾病进展时间（PFS）分别为6个月和3.5个月，试验组均明显优于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。治疗期间，试验组主要的毒副反应为骨髓抑制、消化道反应以及口腔黏膜炎，但均相对较轻，Ⅲ及Ⅳ度的比例小。


结论
替吉奥治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌可以取得较为理想的临床疗效，毒副作用比较轻微，为晚期非小细胞肺癌的治疗提供新的选择。
The treatment of atopic dermatitis with licorice gel (2003)

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. has been used in herbal medicine for skin eruptions, including dermatitis, eczema, pruritus and cysts. The effect of licorice extract as topical preparation was evaluated on atopic dermatitis. The plant was collected and extracted by percolation with suitable solvent. The extract was standardized, based on Glycyrrhizinic acid by using a titrimetry method. Different topical gels were formulated by using different co-solvents. After standardizing of topical preparations, the best formulations (1% and 2%) were studied in a double-blind clinical trial in comparison with base gel on atopic dermatitis over two weeks (30 patients in each group). Propylene glycol was the best co-solvent for the extract and Carbopol 940 as gelling agent showed the best results in final formulations. The quantity of glycyrrhizinic acid was determined 20.3% in the extract and 19.6% in the topical preparation. Two percent licorice topical gel was more effective than 1% in reducing the scores for erythema, oedema and itching over two weeks (p<0.05). The results showed that licorice extract could be considered as an effective agent for treatment of atopic dermatitis.
Cost-effective CuO nanotube electrodes for energy storage and non-enzymatic glucose detection (2014)

Porous CuO nanotube electrodes synthesized by the<italic>in situ</italic>oxidation of copper foils exhibit superior pseudocapacitive and electrocatalytic performances.
Constraint Solvers for User Interface Layout (2014)

Constraints have played an important role in the construction of GUIs, where they are mainly used to define the layout of the widgets. Resizing behavior is very important in GUIs because areas have domain specific parameters such as form the resizing of windows. If linear objective function is used and window is resized then error is not distributed equally. To distribute the error equally, a quadratic objective function is introduced. Different algorithms are widely used for solving linear constraints and quadratic problems in a variety of different scientific areas. The linear relxation, Kaczmarz, direct and linear programming methods are common methods for solving linear constraints for GUI layout. The interior point and active set methods are most commonly used techniques to solve quadratic programming problems. Current constraint solvers designed for GUI layout do not use interior point methods for solving a quadratic objective function subject to linear equality and inequality constraints. In this paper, performance aspects and the convergence speed of interior point and active set methods are compared along with one most commonly used linear programming method when they are implemented for graphical user interface layout. The performance and convergence of the proposed algorithms are evaluated empirically using randomly generated UI layout specifications of various sizes. The results show that the interior point algorithms perform significantly better than the Simplex method and QOCA-solver, which uses the active set method implementation for solving quadratic optimization.
Learning to Learn without Forgetting by Maximizing Transfer and Minimizing Interference (2018)

Lack of performance when it comes to continual learning over non-stationary distributions of data remains a major challenge in scaling neural network learning to more human realistic settings. In this work we propose a new conceptualization of the continual learning problem in terms of a temporally symmetric trade-off between transfer and interference that can be optimized by enforcing gradient alignment across examples. We then propose a new algorithm, Meta-Experience Replay (MER), that directly exploits this view by combining experience replay with optimization based meta-learning. This method learns parameters that make interference based on future gradients less likely and transfer based on future gradients more likely. We conduct experiments across continual lifelong supervised learning benchmarks and non-stationary reinforcement learning environments demonstrating that our approach consistently outperforms recently proposed baselines for continual learning. Our experiments show that the gap between the performance of MER and baseline algorithms grows both as the environment gets more non-stationary and as the fraction of the total experiences stored gets smaller.
Endemic Melioidosis in Southern China: Past and Present (2019)

Melioidosis is a severe tropical infectious disease caused by the soil-dwelling bacterium <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, predominantly endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Between the 1970s and the 1990s, the presence of <i>B. pseudomallei</i> causing melioidosis in humans and other animals was demonstrated in four coastal provinces in southern China: Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian, although indigenous cases were rare and the disease failed to raise concern amongst local and national health authorities. In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of melioidosis cases witnessed in the region, particularly in Hainan. Meanwhile, although China has established and maintained an effective communicable disease surveillance system, it has not yet been utilized for melioidosis. Thus, the overall incidence, social burden and epidemiological features of the disease in China remain unclear. In this context, we present a comprehensive overview of both historical and current information on melioidosis in Southern China, highlighting the re-emergence of the disease in Hainan. Surveillance and management strategies for melioidosis should be promoted in mainland China, and more research should be conducted to provide further insights into the present situation.
Topical Silicone Gel for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertrophic Scar (1991)

We studied the effects of a silicone gel bandage that was worn for at least 12 hours daily on the resolution of hypertrophic burn scar. In a second cohort, the prevention of hypertrophic scar formation in fresh surgical incisions by this bandage was also evaluated. In 19 patients with hypertrophic burn scars, elasticity of the scars was quantitated serially with the use of an elastometer. An adjacent or mirror-image hypertrophic burn scar served as a control. Scar elasticity was increased after both 1 and 2 months compared with that in controls. There was corresponding improvement clinically that persisted for at least 6 months. In the other cohort, scar volume changes in 21 surgical incisions were measured before and after 1 and 2 months. Gel-treated incisions gained less volume than control incisions after both intervals. Clinical assessment corroborated this quantitative demonstration of a decrement in scar volume. We concluded that topical silicone gel is efficacious, both in the prevention and in the treatment of hypertrophic scar.
International relations in 2030 : The transformative power of large developing countries (2008)

This paper sets out a vision for international relations and development cooperation for the year 2030.It argues that the major transformation of the international political economy between 2007 and 2030 is likely to be the rise of large developing countries to great power status.Current trends in the growth of the economic and political power of such countries are examined, as are risks to their continued growth.These trends suggest that by 2030, it is highly likely that China, and potentially other developing countries will have become major powers, and that the international distribution of power will be multipolar.This multipolarity is less likely to be conflictual than in previous periods of historical multipolarity because of the growth of international institutions and because of the economic interdependence of major powers.The implications of this rise of large developing countries on poorer, smaller countries are not clear cut: while smaller developing countries may benefit from an increased diversity of development paradigms and reformed international institutions, conflict amongst great powers for power and influence could be played out on their territory.However, conflict between North and South over development goals and objectives is not thought to be a major risk.The overall vision for 2030 is an optimistic one, but this optimism depends both on the actions of existing and new powers in the coming 25 years.
Thin-Film High-Rejection Filter Integration in Low-Loss Organic Substrate (2011)

This paper presents thin-film high-rejection band pass filters integrated into organic substrate technology called RXP. A circuit topology based on unique resonator and grounding inductor is proposed. The proposed circuit provides design freedom of locating transmission zeros at lower and upper stopbands relative to the center frequency. About 2.4 GHz narrow band (<;200 MHz) and 5 GHz wide band (>;1 GHz) bandpass filters have been implemented in four-metal layer with 0.191 mm thin RXP substrate. The measured results show good agreement with simulations.
[Chemistry and pharmacology of pyrane derivatives. XVII. Synthesis of substituted 2-(dialkylamino)-3-formylchromones and their tricyclic derivatives]. (1989)

Substituted 2-(dialkylamino)-3-formylchromones (II) were obtained from the reaction of substituted 2-(dialkylamino)chromones (I) either with the N,N-dimethylformamide-POCl3 reagent [compounds (IIa-e)] or with dichloromethylmethylether in the presence of TiCl4 [compounds (IIf-i)]. By treating (IIa,f) with hydroxylamine the oximes (IIIa,f) were prepared, which in turn were converted into the nitriles (IVa,f) by treatment with acetic anhydride. Compound (IIa), selected for the smallest steric hindrance of the 2-dialkylamino substituent, by reaction with hydrazines afforded [1]benzopyrano [2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives (VI), whereas reaction of (IIa) with guanidine, benzamidine or S-methylisothiourea gave rise to the formation of 5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives (IX). Among the compounds tested for their antiallergic properties, (IIf) showed an appreciable activity, but also high toxicity.
Inter-organizational Document Exchange: Facing the Conversion Problem with XML (2002)

Information exchange processes are often characterized by the need of translating from one data format into another in order to achieve compatibility between information systems. A conversion problem often arises when exchanging files between applications of different software vendors or when incorporating legacy business data into new standard software. In this paper we want to survey the conversion problem in the field of multi-organizational networks, since participants often use different data formats. We examine, to what extent XML is able to support the inter-organizational exchange of business documents. Thereby, we concentrate on the problem of converting different data and examine different approaches for solving the transformation problem. We show how XML can actually be implemented for a Web-based integration in multi-organizational networks. Moreover, we present a java-based prototype that enables document exchange over the Internet using XML business vocabularies for document representation, XSLT for document conversion and presentation, and both DOM and SAX for processing and integrating documents into in-house-systems.
Hybrid singlet arbitrarily dispersive element (1987)

Hybrid elements containing optical power with both diffractive (holographic) and refractive components are shown to be useful for obtaining arbitrary, or in a special case, achromatic, dispersive characteristics. In one configuration a volume holographic element is coated on the surface of a crown glass lens, and by varying the power distributions among the refractive and holographic components while maintaining constant overall optical power the effective Abbe V numbers of the resultant hybrid element are shown to span all real numbers except a narrow interval around zero.