gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical Model to Estimate the Directional Tendency of Point and Push-the-Bit BHAs (2015)

Abstract Over the past few decades, drilling engineers have developed two types of rotary-steerable systems (RSS) as directional drilling tools: push-the-bit and point-the-bit bottomhole assemblies (BHAs). Some eccentric components are used in these RSS BHAs to control the drilling direction. For these RSS, side forces on bits are important factors that change drilling direction. However, because of the complex structure of BHA and wellbore environments, there is not a good analytical industry model currently available, so experience-based methods are commonly used to estimate BHA tendencies. In this paper, an analytical method is proposed to calculate side force on the bit and the dog leg severity (DLS) of a wellbore to help predict the drilling direction. In this method, a drillstring is taken as a continuous beam, which is supported by components installed on the string. Side forces and bend angles induced by the eccentric component are solved with the continuous beam theory. After force analysis is completed, drilling engineers can use new equations proposed in this paper to calculate the DLS of the wellbore.
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Dailies (2011)

This celebration of excellence in computer graphics showcases images and short animations of extraordinary power and beauty. Each presenter has one minute to present an animation and describe the work. The format is very similar to Technical Papers Fast Forward, except there is no talk later in the week.

SIGGRAPH Dailies! is where you can catch up on the state of the art - and craft - of computer graphics.

SIGGRAPH Dailies! is where you will be astounded by sheer excellence in modeling, shading, animation, lighting, effects, and more.

SIGGRAPH Dailies! is where you can participate in the vibrant production culture that surrounds presenting and reviewing work that was completed despite seemingly endless obstacles.

The program debuted last year at SIGGRAPH 2010 in Los Angeles, to rave reviews.
Modular Propagation of Epileptiform Activity: Evidence for an Inhibitory Veto in Neocortex (2006)

What regulates the spread of activity through cortical circuits? We present here data indicating a pivotal role for a vetoing inhibition restraining modules of pyramidal neurons. We combined fast calcium imaging of network activity with whole-cell recordings to examine epileptiform propagation in mouse neocortical slices. Epileptiform activity was induced by washing Mg2+ ions out of the slice. Pyramidal cells receive barrages of inhibitory inputs in advance of the epileptiform wave. The inhibitory barrages are effectively nullified at low doses of picrotoxin (2.5-5 microM). When present, however, these inhibitory barrages occlude an intense excitatory synaptic drive that would normally exceed action potential threshold by approximately a factor of 10. Despite this level of excitation, the inhibitory barrages suppress firing, thereby limiting further neuronal recruitment to the ictal event. Pyramidal neurons are recruited to the epileptiform event once the inhibitory restraint fails and are recruited in spatially clustered populations (150-250 microm diameter). The recruitment of the cells within a given module is virtually simultaneous, and thus epileptiform events progress in intermittent (0.5-1 Hz) steps across the cortical network. We propose that the interneurons that supply the vetoing inhibition define these modular circuit territories.
A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR DRAINAGE OR INJECTION OF FLUID WITHIN SUBRETINAL SPACE (2003)

Our case series suggests that the SR-AID provides an efficient and safe means of access to the subretinal space.
Hybrid free-space optical bus system for board-to-board interconnections (1996)

A free-space optical bus system is described for board-to-board interconnections at the backplane level. The system uses active optoelectronic modules as the interface between the circuit boards and the electrical backplane. Substrate-mode holograms are used to implement signal broadcast operations between boards, and each board on the backplane shares common free-space channels for transmitting and receiving signals. System-design considerations are given, and the potential performance of the optical bus system is evaluated. An experimental demonstration is also presented for the signal broadcast operation through cascaded substrate-mode holograms at a data rate of 622 Mb/s.
Modular Multilevel Converters with Integrated Split Battery Energy Storage (2014)

The electric power grid is undergoing significant changes and updates nowadays, especially on a production and transmission level. Initially, the move towards a distributed generation in contrast to the existing centralized one implies a significant integration of renewable energy sources and electricity storage systems. In addition, environmental awareness and related concerns regarding pollutant emissions have given rise to a high interest in electrical mobility. Advanced power electronics interfacing systems are expected to play a key role in the development of such modern controllable and efficient large-scale grids and associated infrastructures. During the last decade, a global research and development interest has been stimulated in the field of modular multilevel conversion, due to the well-known offered advantages over conventional solutions in the medium- and high-voltage and power range. In the context of battery energy storage systems, the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) family exhibits an additional attractive feature, i.e., the capability of embedding such storage elements in a split manner, given the existence of several submodules operating at significantly lower voltages. This thesis deals with several technical challenges associated with Modular Multilevel Converters as well as their enhancement with battery energy storage elements. Initially, the accurate submodule capacitor voltage ripple estimation for a DC/AC MMC is derived analytically, avoiding any strong assumptions. This is beneficial for converter dimensioning purposes as well as for the implementation improvement of several control schemes, which have been proposed in the literature. The impact of unbalanced grid conditions on the operation and design of an MMC is then investigated, drawing important conclusions regarding the choice of line current control and required capacitive storage energy during grid faults. [...]
Recombinant bovine GM-CSF primes superoxide production but not degranulation induced by recombinant bovine interleukin-1<i>β</i> in bovine neutrophils (1993)

Bovine neutrophil activation, superoxide production, and beta-glucosaminadase release induced by various biological stimuli were examined. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta (r-BoIL-1 beta) induced superoxide production and beta-glucosaminadase release in bovine neutrophils. When these two responses were compared, the dose requirement for maximum activation was similar for PAF (1 x 10(-6) M). However, the concentration of r-BoIL-1 beta required for the maximum degranulation (2.5 x 10(-7) M) was 100-fold higher than that for the maximum superoxide production (2.5 x 10(-9) M). Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with recombinant bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (r-BoGM-CSF) enhanced both superoxide production and beta-glucosaminidase release induced by PAF. In contrast, whereas superoxide production induced by r-BoIL-1 beta was enhanced by r-BoGM-CSF priming, beta-glucosaminidase release induced by r-BoIL-1 beta was significantly reduced by pretreatment with r-BoGM-CSF. CL 184,005, a PAF antagonist, inhibited PAF-induced glucosaminidase release and superoxide production but did not inhibit r-BoIL-1 beta-induced superoxide production and degranulation. In addition, it did not inhibit the priming effect of r-BoGM-CSF on r-BoIL-1 beta-induced superoxide production. These results suggest that (1) PAF and r-BoIL-1 beta activate bovine neutrophils by different mechanisms, (2) r-BoGM-CSF primes superoxide production and degranulation induced by PAF, (3) r-BoGM-CSF primes superoxide production but not degranulation induced by r-BoIL-1 beta, and (4) the priming effect of r-BoGM-CSF is not mediated by PAF.
Video streaming over wireless LANs: A cross-layer approach (2003)

Robust streaming of video over 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) poses many challenges, including coping with bandwidth variations, data losses and heterogeneity of the receivers. Currently, each network layer (including physical layer, media access control, transport, and application layers) provides a separate solution to these challenges by providing its own optimized adaptation and protection mechanisms. However, this layered strategy does not always result in an optimal overall performance for the transmission of video. Moreover, certain protection strategies can be implemented simultaneously in several layers, and hence the optimal choices from the application and complexity perspective need to be identified. In this paper, we evaluate different error control and adaptation mechanisms available in the different layers for robust transmission of video, namely Media Access Control (MAC) retransmission strategy, application-layer Forward Error Correction (FEC), bandwidth-adaptive compression using scalable coding, and adaptive packetization strategies. Subsequently, we propose a novel adaptive cross-layer protection strategy for enhancing the robustness and efficiency of scalable video transmission by performing tradeoffs between throughput, reliability and delay depending on the channel conditions and application requirements. The results obtained using the proposed adaptive cross-layer protection strategies show a significantly improved visual performance for the transmitted video over a variety of channel conditions. 1.
연구논문 : 논문 ; 아동을 위한 가구 디자인에 있어 색채 적용에 관한 연구 -아동이 선호하는 색채 분석을 중심으로- (2003)

아이들은 성장하면서 정서적으로나 신체적으로 사회성과 인지 발달의 변화가 심하기 때문에 연령과 성별, 취향 다양한 조건에 따라 계획적인 아동 공간 연출을 하는 것이 무엇보다는 중요한 것이 가구라고 할 수 있으며, 이를 위해 아동 가구의 연구가 더욱더 중요하다. 아동 가구의 요소는 규격, 재료, 기능, 형태, 색채, 도장, 문양이 있지만 그 중에서도 색채는 형태나 다른 요소들 보다 앞선 단계에서 인간의 의식에 영향을 미치며 형태보다 더욱 강한 심리적 반응과 감정 정서에 영향을 주게 된다. 
본 연구에서 조사된 만11세~만13세 아동의 가구의 색채 현황 조사와 아동의 선호색을 비교해보면 아동의 기호와 다른 색채를 사용하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이를 개선하기 위해서는 아동의 색채 인식 정도나 발달특성을 고려하여 아동가구의 색채 계획을 세우는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 아동의 선호색에만 의존한 아동가구의 색채 선택은 아동 공간에서의 다른 요소들과의 부조화를 야기할 수도 있다. 또한 아동의 선호색을 문화적 배경과 환경, 새로운 기술의 진보에 따른 대중매체의 발달로 더욱더 다양한 색채와 접할 수 있기 때문에 색에 대한 관심과 표현이 아주 다양해지고 변화하고 있다. 결과적으로 아동가구의 색채는 가구의 형태나 기능들의 요소에 따른 색채 변화와 그 시대에 따른 아동이 선호하는 단일색이나 배색을 적절히 수용하고 계획하여 사용할 수 있어야 하겠다.
Spatial and non-spatial analyses of insect counts in bulk-stored barley (2009)

Stored grain insect species in bulk-stored barley were sampled during 15 consecutive weeks in two ways: direct sampling based on grain trier samples and indirect sampling based on probe trap captures. A total number of 22 insect taxa were found; this study focused on the six most abundant species and their natural enemies. Four aspects were addressed: (i) differences in insect counts when based on either probe trap captures or grain trier samples, (ii) usefulness of grain temperature and moisture content as explanatory variables for insect densities, (iii) density-dependent relationships between natural enemies and their hosts, and (iv) spatial and non-spatial analyses of insect counts. Both total captures and frequencies of insect taxa were consistently higher in captures with probe traps than insect numbers obtained from grain samples. Regression analysis with abiotic conditions and probe trap captures as explanatory variables provided good fits to insect counts in grain samples for four of the six insect species (R2-values>0.40). Using multi-regression analyses, we showed that: (i) the occurrence of natural enemies was only weakly associated with the abundance of hosts; (ii) grain moisture content and temperature appeared to be at least as important variables as host availability; and (iii) the predictive strengths of regression models were similar when based on either data from grain samples or probe traps. Spatial analyses (SADIE) of both sampling data suggested that all data sets followed a spatially random distribution; re-arrangement of the data provided insight into important aspects of SADIE analyses of small data sets. Non-spatial analysis (Lloyd's aggregation index) showed significant differences among species and that the level of non-spatial aggregation was quite sensitive to sampling method used.
LOCKSMITH (2006)

One common technique for preventing data races in multi-threaded programs is to ensure that all accesses to shared locations are consistently protected by a lock. We present a tool called LOCKSMITH for detecting data races in C programs by looking for violations of this pattern. We call the relationship between locks and the locations they protect consistent correlation , and the core of our technique is a novel constraint-based analysis that infers consistent correlation context-sensitively, using the results to check that locations are properly guarded by locks. We present the core of our algorithm for a simple formal language λ > which we have proven sound, and discuss how we scale it up to an algorithm that aims to be sound for all of C. We develop several techniques to improve the precision and performance of the analysis, including a sharing analysis for inferring thread locality; existential quantification for modeling locks in data structures; and heuristics for modeling unsafe features of C such as type casts. When applied to several benchmarks, including multi-threaded servers and Linux device drivers, LOCKSMITH found several races while producing a modest number of false alarm.
Fetal cells and DNA in maternal blood (2003)

Although fetal cells have been known to escape to the maternal circulation for a number of years, research attempts to use them for prenatal diagnosis have not had any consistent success. This review attempts to trace the history of such attempts and to document their progress and reasons for success or failure. The opinions of recent conferences including that of the US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, a sponsor of major US research in the field, are reported and discussed. It is concluded that although basic work has demonstrated the biologic availability of both fetal cells and their free DNA representatives in the maternal circulation at gestational ages relevant to prenatal diagnosis, much work remains to develop practical technology for their consistent recovery and assay.
Interleukin-18: recent advances (2004)

Although emerging data shed more light on the complex role of IL-18 in immune reactions, they also pose more questions. Given the pleiotropic, complex, and at times paradoxic effects of IL-18 in various disease processes, better understanding of its immunobiology might lead to the development of IL-18 and/or its antagonists as therapeutic agents against immune-mediated diseases.
Failure mechanisms in polyolefines: The role of crazing, shear yielding and the entanglement network (2011)

Macroscopic deformation and failure modes of polyolefines are reviewed in terms of deformation and failure models based on the craze initiation and propagation model of Kramer–Berger and the craze–crack transition model of Kramer–Brown. Although these models were formulated for amorphous polymers they are also valid for semi-crystalline polymers. The important role of the underlying molecular entanglement network in this approach is reflected by the strain hardening behaviour which is shown to be a robust measure for predicting slow crack growth performance. The polymer network response explains the experimentally observed presence of two Brittle–Ductile transitions, one at low temperature or high strain rates, linked with chain scission which dominates crazing, the other at elevated temperatures or low strain rates which involves disentanglement crazing. The relation between these two Brittle–Ductile transitions and the major transition temperatures for molecular mobility such as the glass transition and the crystal α relaxation temperature are discussed. Valid strategies for increasing the crack propagation resistance in polyolefines are reviewed. Finally an outlook for further research to complement the present knowledge base is formulated.
Identification of Leishmania Species by a Specific DNA Probe That is Conserved Only in the Maxicircle DNA of Human-Infective Leishmania Parasites (1995)

An A + T-rich repeated DNA sequence cloned from maxicircle DNA of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis was found to be conserved in the maxicircles of human-infective Leishmania species but totally absent from non-human-infective ones. Differences in the pattern of distribution of this repeated sequence in the maxicircles of each human-infective Leishmania species potentially allow the development of a sensitive probe to differentiate among these species.
Age-related bone loss. A hypothesis and initial assessment in mice. (1995)

The osteopenia associated with advanced age appears to be a universal phenomenon in humans and animals, but the mechanisms by which it occurs are understood incompletely. However, the explanation must lie in an absolute or relative diminution in the level of osteoblastic bone-forming activity when compared with osteoclastic bone-resorbing activity. The authors postulated that with old age there would be a reduction in the number or function or both of osteoblastic stem cells that could account for part of the diminution in bone formation. They further postulated that there would be either no change or an increase in osteoclastic potential and bone resorption. To test these concepts, bone marrow cells were isolated from 4- to 6-month-old or 24-month-old mice and cultured in vitro under a variety of circumstances that permitted an assessment of the stromal osteogenic cells and marrow hemopoietic progenitor cells belonging to the monocyte and osteoclast series. These data show a marked reduction in the number and in vitro activity of stromal osteogenic cells from old animals. There is an increase in old mice in the number of marrow cells capable of forming osteoclasts in coculture and responsive to the growth factors believed operational in the monocyte and osteoclast series. The authors now are exploring the hypothesis that an age-related diminution in transforming growth factor-beta levels is responsible for these changes in progenitor cell levels in marrow and their functional status as expressed in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<title>Overview of laser communication technologies at Rome Laboratory</title> (1994)

Space based optical communications offer several advantages over traditional RF systems. They include: smaller beam divergence, smaller antennas, higher data rates, low probability of intercept, reduced EMI, and low probability of jamming. Additionally, the potentials for light weight, small volume and low power terminals make laser communications a consideration for several potential DOD programs. There have been may proposed configurations for both the laser communication terminal and the satellite network but architectures have remained fairly fluid. Despite these changes, there are several enabling technologies that must be fostered to meet program requirements. Efforts at Rome Lab are currently directed to the development of higher powered laser transmitters; rapid and accurate pointing, acquisition, and tracking systems; multiple channel operation; and sensitive low noise receivers. This paper will provide an overview of these efforts.
Codes in the Damerau Distance for Deletion and Adjacent Transposition Correction (2017)

Motivated by applications in DNA-based storage, we introduce the new problem of code design in the Damerau metric. The Damerau metric is a generalization of the Levenshtein distance which, in addition to deletions, insertions, and substitution errors also accounts for adjacent transposition edits. We first provide constructions for codes that may correct either a single deletion or a single adjacent transposition and then proceed to extend these results to codes that can simultaneously correct a single deletion and multiple adjacent transpositions. We conclude with constructions for joint block deletion and adjacent block transposition error-correcting codes.
IBM BladeCenter system electrical packaging design challenges (2005)

This work describes the electrical and thermal design challenges encountered during the definition, design and verification of a BladeCenter/spl trade/ system configuration utilizing high speed serial signal interfaces. This system uses gigabit Ethernet (GbE), fiber channel (FC) and Infiniband (IB) interfaces for interconnecting processor blades through high speed cross-bar switches with built-in redundancy capability. A comprehensive electrical design methodology including accurate and detailed modeling and simulation of the complete design space is required to achieve the speeds provided by these standard interfaces using low-cost printed circuit board material. The focus of the analysis is on the link attenuation for the system described. The cooling solution needed to accommodate the overall system thermal requirement for maximum configuration is also discussed.
ViTBAT: Video tracking and behavior annotation tool (2016)

Reliable and repeatable evaluation of low-level (tracking) and high-level (behavior analysis) vision tasks require annotation of ground-truth information in videos. Depending on the scenarios, ground-truth annotation may be required for individual targets and/or groups of targets. Unlike the existing tools that generally allow an explicit annotation for individual targets only, we propose a tool that enables an explicit annotation both for individual targets and groups of targets for the tracking and behavior recognition tasks together with effective visualization features. Whether for individuals or groups, the tool allows labeling of their states and behaviors manually or semi-automatically through a simple and friendly user interface in a time-efficient manner. Based on a subjective assessment, the proposed tool is found to be more effective than the well-known ViPER tool on a series of defined criteria. A dedicated website makes the tool publicly available for the community.