gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Stylometry System for Authenticating Students Taking Online Tests (2011)

A Keystroke Biometric System measures the typing characteristics believed to be unique to an individual and difficult to duplicate. A Stylometry Biometric System measures the frequency of text file features such as: number of alphabetic characters/total number of characters, number of uppercase characters/number of alphabetic characters, etc. We captured keystroke and stylistic e-data from online test-takers with a modified feature extraction component of the keystroke application. We use a k-NN classifier to analyze the test and training files and measure the system performance, FRR (False Acceptance Rate), and FRR (False Rejection Rate). Results show a functional system and the usefulness of Stylometry for authenticating online test takers. 1.
Multiple-objective motion planning for unmanned aerial vehicles (2011)

Sliding probe methods are designed for the in situ electrical property characterization of individual one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures by eliminating the contact resistance between the fixed-end support and the specimen. The key to achieve a high resolution is to keep a constant resistance between the other end of the specimen contacting to the sliding probe. To achieve this objective, we have developed several important techniques including multipoint continuous sliding, flexible probes, and specimen-shape adapting based on nanorobotic manipulation inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM). With a copper-nanowire-tipped probe, we have shown that a flexible probe facilitates the contact force control. The adapting of the shape of a probe tip is significant for keeping a constant contact area between the probe and the specimen. This can be implemented by using a soft probe or a tip with a shape resembling the profile of the specimen. Here we show that by flowing copper from a nanotube probe against the specimen, it is possible to make a well adapted shape of the tip to the specimen after the copper cooled down. By avoiding stick-slip motion and controlling the contact force and area, it will be possible to keep a constant contact resistance between the sliding probe and the specimen, hence significantly improve the measurement resolution. Sliding probe methods are an in situ technique characterized by higher resolution and simplicity in setup as compared with conventional two- and four-terminal methods, respectively. Furthermore, it is superior for local property characterization, which is of particular interest for hetero-structured nanomaterials and defect detection.
The Ccr7 Ligand ELC (Ccl19) Is Transcytosed in High Endothelial Venules and Mediates T Cell Recruitment (2001)

Lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid tissue is defined by a multistep sequence of interactions between lymphocytes and endothelial cells in high endothelial venules (HEVs). After initial selectin-mediated tethering and rolling, firm adhesion of lymphocytes requires rapid upregulation of lymphocyte integrin adhesiveness. This step is mediated in part by the HEV-derived chemokine SLC (secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine, or CCL21) that binds to the CC chemokine receptor (CCR)7 on lymphocytes. However, the CC chemokine ELC (Epstein-Barr virus-induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine, or CCL19) shares the same receptor, and ELC transcripts have been observed in the T cell areas of lymphoid organs. Here, we show that perivascular ELC is transcytosed to the luminal surfaces of HEVs and enables efficient T cell homing to lymph nodes. In situ hybridization on sections of human tonsil showed no ELC mRNA in HEVs, but immunostaining revealed ELC protein in cytoplasmic vesicles of HEV cells. Furthermore, ELC injected into the footpads of mice entered the draining lymph nodes and was presented by HEVs. Finally, intracutaneous injections of ELC in mice lacking functionally relevant ELC and SLC (plt/plt mice) restored T cell trafficking to draining lymph nodes as efficiently as SLC. We conclude that perivascular ELC is transcytosed to the luminal surfaces of HEVs and participates in CCR7-mediated triggering of lymphocyte arrest.
Heat-induced Dimensional Changes in Bone and their Consequences for Forensic Anthropology (2005)

An understanding of heat-induced transformation of hard tissue is vital before a full interpretation of burned human remains can be successfully achieved. Samples of modem sheep (n = 60) were analyzed resulting in 5440 data points. An experimental approach was undertaken that explored the bi-variable impact of heating temperature and duration of burning. Subsequent heat-induced bone changes included the progression of color from natural through to blue-white, the significant loss of weight, the reduction in mechanical strength, the development of distinct fracture patterns, alterations in the microscopic porosity, substantial alterations in crystalline structure and reduction and expansion in size. Collation and integration of this information demanded a revision of the four stages of heat-induced degradation of bone previously presented by Mayne Correia (1) and Thompson (2). The results demonstrate that heat-induced shrinkage is also accompanied by expansion and that both can be statistically significant. This suggests that anthropological techniques applied to burned bone will likely be detrimentally affected and accuracy will be reduced.
Facile Formation of Homoleptic Au(III) Trications via Simultaneous Oxidation and Ligand Delivery from [PhI(pyridine)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (2014)

We report the first examples of Au(III) tricationic complexes bound only by neutral monodentate ligands, which are a new class of gold reagents. Oxidative addition to the bis-pyridine Au(I) cation, [Au(4-DMAP)2](+), using a series of dicationic I(III) oxidants of the general form [PhI(L)2](2+) (L = pyridine, 4-DMAP, 4-cyanopyridine) allows ready access to homoleptic and pseudo-homoleptic Au(III) complexes [Au(4-DMAP)2(L)2](3+). The facile oxidative addition of Au(I) species additionally demonstrates the efficacy of PhI(L)2](2+) reagents as halide-free oxidants for Au(I). Comparisons are made via attempts to oxidize NHC-Au(I)Cl, where introduction of the chloride anion results in complex mixtures via ligand and chloride exchange, demonstrating the advantage of using the pyridine-based homoleptic compounds. The new Au(III) trications show intriguing reactivity with water, yielding dinuclear oxo-bridged and rare terminal Au(III)-OH complexes.
Visual programming and UNIX (2003)

A visual UNIX environment, IShell, based on the desktop metaphor is outlined. The programmability of the UNIX system is preserved at user level through an iconic language, IScript, based on a dataflow metaphor. The language and the environment is tightly coupled using gestures and visual cues to maintain the effectiveness of UNIX.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cold Bendable, Laminated Glass – New Possibilities in Design (2004)

A new product has recently become available; a cold bendable, laminated glass. This transparent material is bendable on site at ambient temperature. In glass panes, the positive qualities of warm bent, laminated glass and of plastics are united. They are as flexible as plastic and also lightweight. Their optical quality is much better than that of traditionally warm bent, laminated glass and their price is considerably lower, comparable with plastics. It pollutes less than plastics, does not scratch, does not age and therefore requires little maintenance. Moreover, it is of value from the point of view of sustainable building. It was applied for the first time in 1997 in the skylights of ‘s-Hertogenbosch station. An application for a huge roof for the bus station at Amsterdam Central station is currently under construction.
Mechanism of action of butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase: reactions with acetylenic, olefinic, and fluorinated substrate analogs (1982)

The acetylenic thio ester (3-pentynoyl)pantetheine irreversibly inactivates butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase from Megasphaera elsdenii. The inactivator becomes covalently attached to the protein (0.61 +/- 0.1 mol of 14C-labeled inactivator/mol of enzyme flavin). No modification of the flavin cofactor is seen. The covalent enzyme-inactivator adduct is labile toward base and neutral hydroxylamine. These treatments release 85 +/- 5% of the incorporated 14C label from the protein. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the adduct releases 3-oxopentanoic acid (0.6 mol/mol of incorporated inactivator). Treatment with hydroxylamine leads to formation of a hydroxamic acid on the protein (0.64 +/- 0.09 mol/mol of incorporated inactivator). The covalent adduct can be reduced with sodium borohydride with release of 1,3-pentanediol. Hydrolysis of the protein with 6 N HCl after sodium borohydride reduction yields 2-amino-5-hydroxyvaleric acid and proline. We conclude that the inactivator has reacted with the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue at the enzyme active site. The inactivation proceeds through enzyme-catalyzed rearrangement of the acetylene to an allene, followed by nucleophilic addition of the carboxyl group to the allene. (3-Chloro-3-butenoyl)pantetheine irreversibly inactivates the enzyme in a fashion similar to the acetylenic thio ester and also modifies a glutamate residue. Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes the isomerization of (3-butenoyl)pantetheine to (2-butenoyl)pantetheine. The enzyme catalyzes the elimination of HF from 3-fluoropropionyl-CoA and (3,3-difluorobutyryl)pantetheine. We suggest, that these results together support an oxidation mechanism for butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is initiated by alpha-proton abstraction.
Axial segregation in bubbling gas‐fluidized beds with Gaussian and lognormal distributions of Geldart Group B particles (2010)

Abstract Bubbling, gas‐fluidized bed experiments involving Geldart Group B particles with continuous‐size distributions have been carried out. Sand of various widths of Gaussian or lognormal distributions were completely fluidized, then axial concentration profiles were obtained from frozen‐bed sectioning. Similar to previous works on binary systems, results show that mean particle diameter decreases with increasing bed height, and that wider Gaussian distributions show increased segregation extents. Surprisingly, however, lognormal distributions exhibit a nonmonotonic segregation trend with respect to distribution widths. In addition, the shape of the local‐size distribution is largely preserved with respect to that of the overall distribution. These findings on the nature of local‐size distribution provide experimental confirmation of previous results for granular and gas‐solid simulations. Lastly, an interesting observation is that although monodisperse Geldart Group D particles cannot be completely fluidized, their presence in lognormal distributions investigated still results in complete fluidization of all particles. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
THE ACTION OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID GAS UPON CERTAIN OXIDES. (1911)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID GAS UPON CERTAIN OXIDES.Walter K. Van Haagen and Edgar F. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1911, 33, 9, 1504–1506Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1911Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1911https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02222a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02222a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Localized Distortion Estimation from Already Compressed JPEG2000 Images (2006)

We consider the estimation of local residual distortion from an already compressed image, without access to the original. We are motivated by applications in which multiple compressed views of a scene are combined to obtain a single best rendering. However, other applications in image analysis and reconstruction could doubtless benefit from reliable local distortion estimates. We show that prediction of the residual distortion in JPEG2000 code-blocks is tantamount to extrapolating distortion-rate slope information. It also appears that the extrapolation problem can be rendered more reliable by the provision of one additional global parameter for each subband. Results based on our proposed method suggest that estimation errors on the order of 1 to 3 dB can be obtained on average, over a wide range of bit-rates; these results appear to hold for a range of images, block sizes and quality layer densities.
Semiconductor-mediated photodegradation of pollutants under visible-light irradiation (2010)

The semiconductor and the surface-adsorbed antenna molecule (dyes or other color species) can constitute efficient photochemical systems for environmental remediation. The major advantage of these systems is that they are able to achieve the degradation of organic pollutants by using visible light from the sun as energy and O(2) in the air as the oxidant under ambient conditions. In this tutorial review, the unique mechanistic characteristics, the constitution of photodegradation systems and their performance are described. The involved radical reactions during the degradation are also discussed.
Lights and shadows of COVID-19, Technology and Industry 4.0 (2020)

Scientific discoveries and technologies played a significant role in the digital revolution that occurred over the last years. But what is their role in the turmoil brought by the current pandemic? The aim of this paper is to show how digital technologies are operating during this first phase of the spreading of COVID-19. The study analyses and debates the current and potential role of digital technologies, focusing on their influence in the industrial and social fields. More specifically we used the blogging platform "Medium", which has seen an exponential growth in its production of articles over the last couple of months. Even if different from esteemed scientific sources, this platform provides a structure that suits our analysis. We searched how many times digital technologies are mentioned in articles regarding Coronavirus and, after collecting these articles, we collected page tags (comparable to "keywords" in scientific articles) and classified them (technology tags and non-technology tags), to create a graph showing the relation between them. This network allowed us to acknowledge and picture how technologies are currently debated. This was the starting point to discuss the key implications for an imminent future, and question about the impact on industry, society and labour market. What are the opportunities or threats of using technologies of Industry 4.0? Which are the needs rising because of the pandemic and how can technologies help in their fulfillment? How will the industrial scenario change after this pandemic? How will the labour market be affected? How can technologies be advantageous in the emerging social challenges?
A fine pitch probe technology for VLSI wafer testing (2002)

The limitations of the cantilevered wire probe card with respect to both pin count and pin pitch are pointed out. The authors then present the structure and electric characteristics of a novel wafer probe card and its prototype with 80- mu m pitch and 479 electrodes, obtained by etching a photosensitive transparent glass. With this probe-card technology it is possible to probe LSI with higher pin count and finer pitch pads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Centrally acting serotonergic and dopaminergic agents. 1. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-benz[e]indole derivatives (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCentrally acting serotonergic and dopaminergic agents. 1. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-benz[e]indole derivativesChiu Hong Lin, Susanne R. Haadsma-Svensson, Robert A. Lahti, Robert B. McCall, Montford F. Piercey, Peggy J. K. D. Schreur, Phillip F. Von Voigtlander, Martin W. Smith, and Connie G. ChidesterCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 8, 1053–1068Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00060a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00060a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Supramolecular Protein Assemblies in the Nucleus of Human Cells (2014)

Abstract Genetically encoded supramolecular protein assemblies (SMPAs) are induced to form in living cells by combination of distinct self‐assembly properties. A single fusion construct contains genes encoding the heavy chain (H) of human ferritin and the citrine fluorescent protein, the latter exposing a weak dimerization interface, as well as a nuclear localization signal. Upon expression in HeLa cells, in vivo confocal fluorescence and differential interference contrast imaging revealed extended SMPA structures exclusively in the nuclei. Assemblies were typically round and took alveolar, shell‐like, or hybrid structure. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a crystalline packing. Site‐specific mutagenesis of the citrine dimerization interface clarified the mechanism of SMPA formation. The constituent proteins retained their activity in iron binding and fluorescence emission, thus suggesting a general strategy for formation of synthetic cellular bodies with specific biochemical function.
Possibility of Disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Human Respiratory Tract by Controlled Ethanol Vapor Inhalation (2020)

Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza are lipophilic, enveloped viruses, and are relatively easy to inactivate by exposure to alcohols. The envelope mainly consists of the lipid bilayer, taken from the host cells at assembly/budding stage of the viral life cycle. Therefore the constitution of the lipid bilayer should be common in all SARS, MERS and influenza viruses, even after mutations, and thus these closely-related viruses will be disinfected by exposure to ethanol with the same concentration. Existing experimental data indicate that an ethanol concentration of 30~40 v/v% is sufficient to inactivate Influenza-A viruses in solution[1,2,3]. The author suggests that it may be possible to use alcoholic beverages of 16~20 v/v% concentration for this disinfection process, such as Whisky (1:1 hot water dilution) or Japanese Sake, because they are readily available and safe (non-toxic). By inhaling the alcohol vapor at 50~60$^\circ$C (122~140$^\circ$F) through the nose for one or two minutes, it will condense on surfaces inside the respiratory tract; mainly in the nasal cavity. The alcohol concentration will be intensified to ~36 v/v% by this process, which is enough to disinfect the corona virus on the mucous membrane. This method also provides more moisture into respiratory tract, and helps to clean the inside of the nasal cavity by stimulating blowing of the nose, and also makes the mucous escalator work actively so that the self-clearing mechanism in the trachea will remove viruses faster. An alternative prompt method is also discussed. We use 40 v/v% whisky or similar alcohol, dripping on a gauze, inhale the vapor slowly at room temperature. This method works well for the front part of the nasal cavity. This is suitable for clinical workers, because they may need to use prompt preventative measures at any time.
FORAMINIFERAL MODELING OF SEA-LEVEL CHANGE IN THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF NEW JERSEY (1988)

Paleoslope models of foraminifera in the Upper Cretaceous of the New Jersey coastal plain are utilized to estimate paleobathymetric change during cycles of rising and falling sea level. The paleoslope method estimates change in sea level from the distribution of foraminiferal assemblages and species on a baseline parallel to the regional dip. The paleoslope is the restoration of the original depositional slope of the basin. The paleobathymetry of the foraminifera along the paleoslope is estimated from the gradient of the original depositional slope. Application of the paleoslope model to the Campanian of New Jersey indicates a maximum rise of...
Thickness-dependent microstructural and electrochromic properties of sputter-deposited Ni oxide films (2002)

Thickness-dependent microstructural and electrochromic properties of sputter-deposited Ni oxide films were investigated as a function of growth time using x-ray diffraction, in situ transmittance measurements, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By increasing the thickness of the Ni oxide, the transmittance or optical differences during coloring/bleaching process were increased. However, thick Ni oxides showed a lower maximum bleached transmittance and coloration efficiency and a larger response time. Crystallinity developed with growth time, mainly due to the plasma heating effect. The evolution of crystallinity with the growth time resulted in the electrochromic inactive Ni oxide components even after several tens of potential cyclings, leading to a decreased maximum bleached transmittance and lower coloration efficiency.