gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF LL-37 AND GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR IN A NEUTROPENIC MURINE SEPSIS DUE TO PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (2008)

A promising therapeutic strategy for the management of severe Pseudomonas infection in neutropenic patients may result from the coadministration of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) that help maintain immune competence and antimicrobial peptides, a novel generation of adjunctive therapeutic agents with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. A promising peptide with these properties is LL-37, the only member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides found in humans. BALB/c male mice were rendered neutropenic by intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide on days -4 and -2 preinfection. Septic shock was induced at time 0 by intraperitoneal injection of 2x10 colony-forming units of P. aeruginosa American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 27853. All animals were randomized to receive intravenously isotonic sodium chloride solution, 1 mg/kg of LL-37, 20 mg/kg of imipenem, 0.1 mg/kg of granulocyte CSF (G-CSF), 1 mg/kg of LL-37+0.1 mg/kg of G-CSF, or 20 mg/kg of imipenem+0.1 mg/kg of G-CSF. Lethality and bacterial growth in blood, peritoneum, spleen, liver, and kidney were evaluated. All regimens were significantly superior to controls at reducing the mouse lethality rate and bacterial burden in organs. Particularly, the combination between LL-37 and G-CSF was the most effective in protecting neutropenic mice from the onset of sepsis and in vitro significantly reduced the apoptosis of neutrophils. Combination therapy between LL-37 and G-CSF is a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of severe Pseudomonas infection complicated by neutropenia.
Investigating the Use of Ultrasound for Evaluating Aging Wiring Insulation (2001)

This paper reviews our initial efforts to investigate the use of ultrasound to evaluate wire insulation. Our initial model was a solid conductor with heat shrink tubing applied. In this model, various wave modes were identified. Subsequently, several aviation classes of wires (MIL-W81381, MIL-W-22759/34, and MIL-W-22759/87) were measured. The wires represented polyimide and ethylene-tetraflouroethylene insulations, and combinations of polyimide and flouropolymer plastics. Wire gages of 12, 16, and 20 AWG sizes were measured. Finally, samples of these wires were subjected to high temperatures for short periods of time to cause the insulation to degrade. Subsequent measurements indicated easily detectable changes.
FGF and EGF are mitogens for immortalized neural progenitors (1994)

Individual neural progenitors, derived from the external germinal layer of neonatal murine cerebellum, were previously immortalized by the retrovirus-mediated transduction of avian myc (v-myc). C17-2 is one of those clonal multipotent progenitor cell lines (Snyder et al., 1992, Cell 68: 33-51; Ryder et al., 1990, J. Neurobiol. 21:356-375). When transplanted into newborn mouse cerebellum (CB), the cells participate in normal CB development; they engraft in a cytoarchitecturally appropriate, nontumorigenic manner and differentiate into multiple CB cell types (neuronal and glial) similar to endogenous progenitors (Snyder et al., 1992, as above). They also appear to engraft and participate in the development of multiple other structures along the neural axis and at multiple other stages (Snyder et al., 1993, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 19). Thus conclusions regarding these immortalized progenitors may be applicable to endogenous neural progenitors in vivo. To help identify and analyze factors that promote differentiation of endogenous progenitors, we first investigated the ability to maintain C17-2 cells in a defined, serum-free medium (N2). The cells survive in vitro in N2 but undergo mitosis at a very low rate. Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF), however, either from mouse submaxillary gland or the human recombinant protein, appreciably stimulates thymidine incorporation and cell division approximately threefold. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an even more potent mitogen, promoting thymidine incorporation, cell division, and a net increase in cell number equal to that in serum. Both EGF and bFGF are active at very low nanomolar concentrations, suggesting that they interact with their respective receptors rather than a homologous receptor system. The findings demonstrate that C17-2 cells can be maintained and propagated in a fully defined medium, providing the basis for analysis of other growth and differentiation factors. That EGF and particularly bFGF are mitogenic for these cells is in accord with recent observations on primary neural tissue (Reynolds and Weiss, 1992, Science 255:1707-1710; Kilpatrick and Bartlett, 1993, Neuron 10:255-265; Ray et al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:3602-3606) suggesting that bFGF and EGF responsiveness may be fundamental properties of neural progenitors.
Combined detection of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>-specific antibodies against the 10 and 60-kDa heat shock proteins as a diagnostic tool for tubal factor infertility: Results from a case-control study in Cameroon (2005)

A case-control study was conducted to determine the diagnostic value of Chlamydia trachomatis-associated anti-Chsp10 and/or anti-Chsp60 antibodies in the detection of secondary infertility. There were significant associations between C. trachomatis infection and infertility (p<0.01), and between C. trachomatis-specific anti-Chsp10 or anti-Chsp60 antibodies and secondary infertility (p<0.001). A significant correlation was found between anti-Chsp10 and anti-Chsp60 titers (p<0.01). The detection of either C. trachomatis-associated anti-Chsp10 or anti-Chsp60 antibodies cumulatively allowed specific diagnosis of secondary infertility (57.4% sensitivity, 75.5% specificity).
New Dental Drug Delivery System for Removing Mutans Streptococci from the Oral Cavity: Effect on Oral Microbial Flora (2000)

Dental caries is caused by mixed infection of pathogenic indigenous microbiota and biofilmformadon ( 1 ).Streptococczm mutans produces biofilm on the tooth surface, leading to the development of dental caries.Various approaches have been developed for removlng S. mutans from the oral cavlty ln order to prevent dental caries (2-5).TYle Present Study examined effect of a dental drug delivery system (3DS) using 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on S. mutans and other oral bacterial nora.
Two thymidylate synthetases in Bacillus subtilis. (1978)

Bacillus subtilis grown at temperatures below 37 degrees contains two thymidylate synthetases, TSaseA and TSaseB. Their presence is dependent on functional thyA and thyB genes, respectively. When cells are grown at 46 degrees they only contain TSaseA activity. This allous an easy positive selection for thyA and thyA, THYB mutants. The two TSases have been physically separated, and they show similar overall requirements for activity. However, they differ significantly in both their kinetic and their physicochemical properties.
The Performance Analysis of CCA Adaptive Equalization Algorithm for 16-QAM Signal (2013)

Abstract This paper deals with the performance anlysis of CCA adaptive equalization algorithm, that is used for reduction of intersymbol interference at the receiving side which occurs in the time dispersive communication channel. Basically, this algorithm is borned for the solving phase unrecovery problem in the CMA equalizer, and the comines the concept of DDA (Decision Directed Algorithm) and RCA (Reduce Constellation Algorithm). The DDA has a stable convergence characteristics in unilevel signal, but not in the number of levels in multilevel signal such as QAM, so it has unstable problem. The RCA does not provide reliable initial convergence. And even after convergence, the equalization noise due to the steady state misadjustment exhibited by it is very high as compared to DDA. For the solving the abovemensioned point, the CCA adaptive eualization alogorithm has borned. In order to performance analysis of CCA algorithm, the recovered signal constellation that is the output of the equalizer, the convergence characteristic by the residual isi and MD (maximum distortion), the SER characteristic are used by computer simulation and it was compared with the DDA, RCA respectively. As a result of simulation, the DDA has superior performance than other algoithm, but it has a convergence unguarantee and unstability in the multilevel signal. In order to solving this problem, the CCA has more good performance than RCA in every performance index.
I. Ueber einige neue Derivate des Amylennitrosats (1891)

In zwei vorheryehenden Abhandlungen *) ist die Aufmerksarrikeit schoii auf einige nicht unintoressante Verbindungen gelenkt worden,
Resistive FET mixer conversion loss and IMD optimization by selective drain bias (1999)

This paper describes a dedicated nonlinear MESFET model, which was used to accurately represent the device's drain-source current nonlinearity. An analytical expression is proposed, based on the Shockley approach, with good derivative reproduction. The evolution of the Ids(Vgs, Vds) Taylor-series-expansion coefficients across V/sub GS/ and V/sub DS/ revealed not only the presence of important minimum conversion loss bias, but also of in-band intermodulation distortion sweet spots that have been used to optimize an FET resistive mixer performance. Some previously reported experimental results are also discussed through the use of the derivatives, and an alternative topology is considered for resistive mixers working on the border between the linear and saturated regions.
Complete Loss of <i>Fas Ligand</i> Gene Causes Massive Lymphoproliferation and Early Death, Indicating a Residual Activity of <i>gld</i> Allele (2004)

To investigate the in vivo function of Fas ligand (FasL), we produced a mouse strain with a FasL gene flanked by loxP sequences. Mice with homozygous floxed FasL gene showed no obvious abnormalities. However, germline deletion of the FasL gene, obtained after mating with mice expressing ubiquitous Cre recombinase, resulted in an unexpectedly severe phenotype. FasL(-/-) mice exhibited an extreme splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy associated with lymphocytic infiltration into multiple organs and autoimmune disease. This severe phenotype led to the premature death at 4 mo of age of >50% of the homozygous mice. It stands in sharp contrast with the milder disease observed in gld (generalized lymphoproliferative disease) mice, indicating that the FasL allele of these mice encodes a protein still able to bind, albeit at a very low level, the Fas receptor.
A CMOS analog integrated circuit for pixel X-Ray detector (2009)

The fabricated analog application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is a front-end circuit for multichannel pixel detector system. The designed ASIC provides signal amplification for a pixelated arrays of 1 mm and 200µm pitch pixel detectors made from Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) and Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detector. Both the detector and ASIC are combined to target future high intensity research applications for modern X-Ray detector systems. The ASIC was fabricated in a 0.35 µm process by AustriaMicrosystems and consists of 32 channels, where each channel contains a charge-sensitive amplifier, a pulse shaper and two further stages of amplification providing an overall gain of 1mV/KeV of photon energy in the 30–120KeV energy range. The preamplifier and shaper circuit are designed for both electron and hole polarities of the input signals, so that it can be used as anode or cathode readout and this can be optimised via a common bias level control signal. The ASIC's shaper has been designed with a time constant of 100ns to allow operation at photon rate events above 1 Million photons per pixel per second The design and characterisation of the readout chip will be discussed in this paper presenting both simulated and fabricated results from the chip.
Kinetics of BaTiO <sub>3</sub> and PbTiO <sub>3</sub> Formation from Metallo‐organic Precursors (1986)

Kinetics of BaTiO 3 and PbTiO 3 formation from metalloorganic precursors were studied. The fine grain size of the decomposed product and the greater degree of mixing led to very rapid kinetics of compound formation. The kinetics data were fitted to the Carter model for a diffusion‐controlled process. Formation of PbTiO 3 was modeled as a two‐stage process with a single activation energy, and the formation of BaTiO 3 as a single‐stage process.
EMF working group. (1998)

However, a weight-of-evidence approach can only work if there is fill disclosure of industry- generated unpublished studies. In order to obtain scientific consensus on such matters, we propose that technical reviews of unpublished industry data be carried out by scientists and other technical experts working under the aegis of institutions such as the National Academy of Sciences, the Health Effects Institute, or other similar independent organi- zations. We would welcome the creation of such institutional arrangements to make it possible for exposure and health risk assessments to be conducted on a complete scientif- ic knowledge base.
Status of Multiphase Flow Measurement Research (1994)

Abstract Research in multiphase measurement has been accelerating over the last few years. The reasons for this interest level are primarily economic in nature. It has been estimated that more than 50% of the world’s proven reserves of oil and gas are located in water depths greater than 1000 feet.1 These water depths demand innovative and economical developments, in order for projects to be viable. Some of the more promising methods for economical production in deep water include multiphase measurement, especially in conjunction with multiphase pumping. Subsea production, measurement and transportation to shore or to an existing platform may allow more efficient and less costly processing, thus minimizing platform costs. On some projects, it may be possible to eliminate separation equipment and test lines which will result in tremendous economic savings. This paper will explore the advantages of multiphase measurement, methods utilized for multiphase measurement to date, research to date, and projected future research.
Planar phased array antenna relationships for FFT and Butler matrix generated beamlets with graphical display of results (2002)

In many present day communication systems it is desirable to have multiple beam illumination of the coverage area. This is certainly true when the goal is ubiquitous earth coverage from an orbiting satellite constellation. For previous geosynchronous satellite applications where a limited number of beams were required in a limited-scan configuration an array feed and reflector were well suited. For low earth orbit (LEO) applications, where wide scan is necessary and many beams are required, a direct-radiating phased array with orthogonal beamforming (Butler matrix and FFT beamformers are examples) is more appropriate. This paper defines and graphically depicts the relationship between the beamlets (diffraction limited beams) created by an FFT or Butler matrix beamformer and (1) scan angles containing the primary beamlet set, (2) grating lobe positions (scan angles) in real space, (3) resulting grating lobe patterns, and (4) the fraction of useable beamlets (i.e. the primary beamlets which are not in imaginary space nor would result in grating lobes in real space if used). The above conditions are defined and graphically portrayed for both rectangular (square) element spacing and triangular (equilateral) element spacing. The results are graphically displayed for selected element spacings between one-half and one wavelength. Relationships are defined to allow an extrapolation of results to lattices with greater than one wavelength element spacing to accommodate limited-scan antenna design.
Measurement and classification of submicron particles by Differential Mobility Analyzer and Screen-type Diffusion Battery. (1984)

Performances of a Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) and a Screen-type Diffusion Battery (SDB) for the measurement of submicron particles are studied, and the applicability of these instruments for the generation of submicron test aerosols is investigated since both instruments measure particle size after classifying particles according to electric mobility and Brownian diffusivity, respectively.As a sizer, both DMA and SDB have sufficient performances for submicron particle giving the same measurement result of particle size. As a generator, (1) DMA classifies aerosol into monodisperse particles (geometric standard deviation σg<1.1) with low concentration. It is, hence, preferable for the generation of very monodisperse aerosol unless high concentration is required. (2) SDB is not preferable for the generation of monodisperse aerosols by itself since the classification characteristic is poor in large particle size region. Thus, SDB is combined with an inertial classifier (parallel fiber screens), and it makes it possible to generate high concentration aerosol with fairly high monodispersity (σg≈1.5). Therefore, the combination of SDB and parallel fiber screens is recommended for the generation of a fairly monodisperse aerosol if high concentration is required.
WaveShrink Using Modified Hyper-Shrinkage Function (2005)

WaveShrink plays pivotal role in analysis of complex bio signals. Wavelet analysis and WaveShrink are the established techniques of statistical research which have to be blended with the analysis of bio signals to provide a high degree of correlation between the desired signal and the observed signal. The multifaceted shrinkage function will obtain lurid responses to the signal perturbed to a very high degree by intransigent noise functions. It might be impossible to efface noise but its possible to ameliorate the recovery of the desired signal. Here we have obtained computationally efficient formula for computing the exact bias, variance, mean and risk. The former is the essence of any shrinkage function but latter is the essence of our paper. The purpose of our shrinkage function is to assuage the recovered signal to uphold our procedure for signal denoising and non-parametric regression. Our shrinkage function enjoys the same asymptotic convergence rate as the rest but offers obdurate resistance to pernicious factors disturbing the desired signal of interest.
A Biobank of Breast Cancer Explants with Preserved Intra-tumor Heterogeneity to Screen Anticancer Compounds (2016)

The inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity of breast cancer needs to be adequately captured in pre-clinical models. We have created a large collection of breast cancer patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs), in which the morphological and molecular characteristics of the originating tumor are preserved through passaging in the mouse. An integrated platform combining in vivo maintenance of these PDTXs along with short-term cultures of PDTX-derived tumor cells (PDTCs) was optimized. Remarkably, the intra-tumor genomic clonal architecture present in the originating breast cancers was mostly preserved upon serial passaging in xenografts and in short-term cultured PDTCs. We assessed drug responses in PDTCs on a high-throughput platform and validated several ex vivo responses in vivo. The biobank represents a powerful resource for pre-clinical breast cancer pharmacogenomic studies (http://caldaslab.cruk.cam.ac.uk/bcape), including identification of biomarkers of response or resistance.
An approach to multichannel access for the 150 and 450 Mc mobile bands (1963)

Mobile radio services in metropolitan areas suffer from congestion of relatively few channels. A necessary step toward maximum use of allocated channels is to provide access to some or to all of them by every mobile subscriber. A method for obtaining access to such a multiplicity of channels by relatively economic means, and thereby to obtain a trunking advantage, is discussed here. The channel generator makes use of two crystal-controlled oscillators, a modulator, a filter and a switch-controlled phase-locked oscillator. Coarse channel selection is obtained by means of a binary LC network. A fine tuning control, constant and independent of channel setting, avoids locking to adjacent unwanted freuqencies. A transistor sampling switch has been used as a reliable phase discriminator avoiding DC amplifiers. Potential problem areas are discussed.
A simple method for the analysis of urinary sucralose for use in tests of intestinal permeability (2005)

The technique described represents a simple assay for urinary sucralose which performed with acceptable accuracy and precision and should facilitate the use of the triple sugar test in clinical research.
Clinical relevance of neutral endopeptidase overexpression in melanoma (2006)

8028 Background: Neutral Endopeptidase (NEP/CD10) is a cell surface peptidase expressed in a variety of normal and neoplastic tissue. Both loss of and overexpression of NEP have been reported in different types of tumors. Defining the role of NEP in the clinical progression of melanoma is particularly relevant given the availability of NEP inhibitors. Our aim was to determine if NEP expression correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival. We also investigated the upregulation of NEP transcription as a possible mechanism of NEP overexpression. Methods: Eighty-four patients who were prospectively enrolled in the Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group database at the New York University School of Medicine were studied. Ninety-three specimens from the 84 patients were examined for NEP protein expression using an immunohistochemical assay, including 33 primary melanoma (thickness <1mm, N=15; 1–4mm, N=15; >4mm, N=3) and 60 metastatic melanoma specimens. NEP overexpression was defined as either moderate or diffuse. NEP transcript expression was assessed using Affymetrix U133Plus2.0 GeneChips in 37 metastatic melanoma cases. NEP transcript upregulation was defined as >2 fold increase compared to NEP transcript expression in normal lymph node tissue. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between NEP overexpression in primary [1/33 (3%)] versus metastatic disease [18/60 (30%)] (Fisher’s exact test, p=0.002). In addition, there was a statistically observed association between NEP transcript upregulation and NEP protein overexpression (p=0.002). Among patients with metastatic disease, median survival time was shorter for patients who overexpressed NEP compared to those who had normal NEP expression (10.2 yrs. versus 12.7 yrs., respectively); however this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.74 by log-rank test). Conclusions: Our data support a role for increased NEP expression in the progression of melanoma to metastatic disease. Functional studies are needed to better understand the role of NEP upregulation in melanoma pathogenesis and progression and to determine if there is a role for NEP inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Influence of Burning Additives of the Cigarette Paper on the Smoke Yields of Cigarettes/Über den Einfluss der Glimmsalze des Cigarettenpapiers auf die Abrauchergebnisse von Cigaretten (1969)

Abstract The burning rate of a defined cigarette blend - same kind and composition of the cut tobacco assumed - depends upon the porosity of the paper as well as upon the type and quantity of the burning additives of the paper. If the same burning agent is added in comparable amounts the burning rate varies according to the porosity of the paper. In the smoke total condensate and nicotine decrease with an increasing burning rate.