gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scavenger Receptor Class-A Has a Central Role in Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury (2010)

The innate immune response is involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Recent evidence suggests that scavenger receptors have a role in the induction of innate immunity. In this study, we examined the role of scavenger receptor A (SR-A) in focal cerebral I/R injury. Both SR-A(-/-) mice (n=10) and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice (n=9) were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia (60 minutes), followed by reperfusion (for 24 hours). Infarct size was determined by TTC (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining. The morphology of neurons in the brain sections was examined by Nissl's staining. Activation of intracellular signaling was analyzed by western blot. Cerebral infarct size in SR-A(-/-) mice was significantly reduced by 63.9% compared with WT mice after cerebral I/R. In SR-A(-/-) mice, there was less neuronal damage in the hippocampus compared with WT mice. Levels of FasL, Fas, FADD, caspase-3 activity, and terminal deoynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling-positive apoptotic cells were significantly increased in WT mice after cerebral I/R, but not in SR-A(-/-) mice. Cerebral I/R increased nuclear factor-κB activation in WT mice, but not in SR-A(-/-) mice. These data suggest that SR-A has a central role in cerebral I/R injury and that suppression of SR-A may be a useful approach for ameliorating brain injury in stroke patients.
5.11 A 65nm inverter-based low-dropout regulator with rail-to-rail regulation and over −20dB PSR at 0.2V lowest supply voltage (2017)

Ultra-low-voltage operation is highly demanded in a system that adopts the DVFS scheme, e.g., a portable device that sustains days-long standby with a tiny battery. Such a system usually embeds modules that have specific minimum supply voltages. Point-of-load low-dropout regulators (LDOs) are used to power these modules as per the required applications, from a global supply rail Vdd. The global Vdd is noisy and can be varied within a wide range, which adds to the difficulty of designing LDOs in such applications.
Optimization of portable pulse oximetry through Fourier analysis (2002)

Portable pulse oximetry requires new techniques to minimize hardware expense, footprint, and power consumption. To optimize portability, fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis was used as an alternative method to calculate hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) values. The following variables were used for FFT optimization: (i) total collection period; (ii) number of discrete data points; (iii) data sampling rate; and (iv) resolution in the spectral analysis output. The objective was to discover the minimum sampling rate and minimum number of discrete data points which would maintain SpO2 accuracy. Preliminary results indicate that a 15 Hz data sampling rate over a 4.3 second collection period maintains acceptable SpO2 accuracy via a 64 point FFT computation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of ultra-compact Er-doped waveguide amplifier based on bismuthate glass (2008)

Due to the possibility of high Er3+ doping and their broadband emission, the bithmuth-oxide-based glasses can be a promising candidate of host materials for a compact waveguide amplifier with high performance. By a novel fabrication process, we have developed a Bi2O3-based waveguide device with propagation loss as low as 0.13 dB/cm, which is comparable to the silica-based waveguides. We have achieved an ultra-compact Er-doped waveguide amplifier with 1 cm2 size by designing a spiral light-wave circuit with low bending loss. This EDWA showed gain values over 15 dB, noise figures lower than 8 dB and gain flatness less than 2 dB over the whole C-band region. The output power of this EDWA reached higher than 12 dBm.
Design and analysis of stepped impedance transformer from air filled waveguide to dielectric filled waveguide for high power microwave window applications (2014)

This paper describes a design to achieve good microwave power transmission from an air filled rectangular waveguide to a narrow dielectric filled waveguide using a stepped impedance transformer. A novel material Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 (BZT) having high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss has been proposed as a microwave window. The advantages of using such dielectric resonator materials for these applications is that they make the size reduction of such microwave components possible without unleashing microwave dissipation. A high density (more than 97%) and good microwave dielectric properties are obtained for BZT samples through the solid state reaction method. The obtained dielectric parameters are used to calculate the dimensions of the narrow dielectric window section in waveguide geometry and the resulting dielectric window structure is simulated using the IMST Empire simulator. The maximum power transmission is obtained by the simulated structure with a dielectric filled waveguide window of thickness 7.4 mm at 3.7 GHz with bandwidth of 780 MHz, which corresponds to an insertion loss (S21) magnitude of 0.008 dB, and the return loss (S11) obtained at the same frequency is −43 dB. The microwave dielectric properties of the material used as well as the simulated results for the BZT based window are studied and compared with those of a conventional window.
The forkhead box M1 transcription factor as a candidate of target for anti‐cancer immunotherapy (2009)

The present study attempted to identify a target antigen for immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was selected as a candidate antigen based on the data of previous cDNA microarray analysis of clinical samples of cholangiocarcinoma. The level of FOXM1 mRNA was more than 4 times higher in cancer cells in comparison to adjacent normal epithelial cells, in all of 24 samples of cholangiocarcinoma tissues. An immunohistochemical analysis also detected FOXM1 protein in the cancer cells but not in the normal cells. Twenty-three human FOXM1-derived peptides predicted to bind to HLA-A2 were analyzed to determine their ability to induce HLA-A2-restricted T cells in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. FOXM1(362-370) (YLVPIQFPV), FOXM1(373-382) (SLVLQPSVKV), and FOXM1(640-649) (GLMDLSTTPL) peptides primed HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the HLA-A2 transgenic mice. Human CTL lines reactive to these 3 peptides could also be established from HLA-A2-positive healthy donors and cancer patients. Natural processing of the 3 epitopes from FOXM1 protein was confirmed by specific killing of HLA-A2-positive FOXM1-transfectants by peptide-induced CTLs. FOXM1 is expressed in various types of cancers and it is also functionally involved in oncogenic transformation and the survival of cancer cells. Therefore, FOXM1 may be a suitable target for immunotherapy against various cancers including cholangiocarcinoma.
Fine specificity and idiotypes of early antibodies against (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP). (1980)

Earlier studies have demonstrated that antibodies of the primary response (days 14 to 30) to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) of C57BL, LP, and 101 mice share idiotype NPb and are heteroclitic (the affinity for certain chemical analogues of NP is higher than the affinity for NP), whereas BALB/c antibodies share idiotype NPa and are homoclitic. Both idiotypes are inherited as allotype-linked traits and have the lambda-chain as the predominant light chain. This study was extended to earlier anti-NP antibodies (7 days) of eight mouse strains (42 individuals) and to anti-NP hybridoma proteins originating from day 6 spleen cells. Only one of the early 42 antisera was found to be homoclitic, and no genetic polymorphism was detectable in fine specificity. In contrast, idiotypes NPa and NPb still followed the genetic rules that had been established earlier. lambda-Chain-bearing BALB/c hybridoma proteins from day 6 of the primary response were more heteroclitic than kappa-chain bearing ones (Krel greater than 20), but two out of three kappa proteins were also heteroclitic (Krel approximately 2). Our results caution against the use of the heteroclitic fine specificity as a typing method. In contrast, they reinforce the value of anti-idiotypic antibodies for this purpose.
Sound Source Separation Using Sparse Coding with Temporal Continuity Objective (2003)

A data-adaptive sound source separation system is presented, which is able to extract meaningful sources from polyphonic real-world music signals.The system is based on the assumption of non-negative sparse sources which have constant spectra with time-varying gain.Temporal continuity objective is proposed as an improvement to the existing techniques.The objective increases the robustness of estimation and perceptual quality of synthesized signals.An algorithm is presented for the estimation of sources.Quantitative results are shown for a drum transcription application, which is able to transcribe 66% of the bass and snare drum hits from synthesized MIDI signals.Separation demonstrations for polyphonic real-world music signals can be found at
Four-quadrant DC variable-speed drives—Design considerations (1975)

An overview is given of the design criteria applicable to a variable-speed dc drive with dual-converter power supply. The control strategy, machine-converter and controller transfer functions, the problems associated with discontinuous conduction, and power flow reversal are considered. A representative bibliography of the voluminous literature on this topic is included.
THE PRODUCTIVITY PARADOX (1993)

Recent economic studies found that, contrary to expectations, information technology limits productivity gains. As an investment, IT appears also to be less efficient than other capital spending. This column explains the causes of this productivity paradox— and recommends that organizations change their approach to allocating resources to IT.
Photoinduced charge and energy transfer in molecular wires (2014)

Exploring charge and energy transport in donor-bridge-acceptor systems is an important research field which is essential for the fundamental knowledge necessary to develop future applications. These studies help creating valuable knowledge to respond to today's challenges to develop functionalized molecular systems for artificial photosynthesis, photovoltaics or molecular scale electronics. This tutorial review focuses on photo-induced charge/energy transfer in covalently linked donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) systems. Of utmost importance in such systems is to understand how to control signal transmission, i.e. how fast electrons or excitation energy could be transferred between the donor and acceptor and the role played by the bridge (the "molecular wire"). After a brief description of the electron and energy transfer theory, we aim to give a simple yet accurate picture of the complex role played by the bridge to sustain donor-acceptor electronic communication. Special emphasis is put on understanding bridge energetics and conformational dynamics effects on the distance dependence of the donor-acceptor electronic coupling and transfer rates. Several examples of donor-bridge-acceptor systems from the literature are described as a support to the discussion. Finally, porphyrin-based molecular wires are introduced, and the relationship between their electronic structure and photophysical properties is outlined. In strongly conjugated porphyrin systems, limitations of the existing electron transfer theory to interpret the distance dependence of the transfer rates are also discussed.
L2L (Live to e-Learning): Building a Consortium-Wide Lecture Capture and Delivery Service Using a Digital Asset Management Platform (2010)

The L2L (Live to e-Learning) service is described: the service allows a semi-automatic transformation of live lectures into e-learning activities ready for the publication and delivery through an e-learning platform. The service has been designed to address the needs of a consortium of universities, balancing the requirements of each university and the need to contain costs. A single centralised Digital Asset Management (DAM) system based on the open source platform MediaMosa is used to handle all the multimedia content and metadata. A plug-in provides the integration of the DAM system with the open source learning management system Moodle. The overall architecture is open and modular allowing both the deployment of different service models and the seamless re-use of the digital content in different contexts (e.g.: e-learning platforms, web portals, WebTV).
Cinnamate Supplementation Enhances Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense Systems in High Cholesterol-Fed Rats (2003)

This study investigated the effect of cinnamate, a phenolic compound found in cinnamon bark and other plant materials, on lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Three groups of rats were given a diet containing 1 g of cholesterol/kg for 6 weeks. The control group only received the high cholesterol diet, whereas the other two groups received a diet supplemented with lovastatin or cinnamate (0.1 g/100 g of diet). The plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the cinnamate group than in either the control or lovastatin groups, and the atherogenic index was significantly lower in rats with cinnamate supplementation. Supplementation with cinnamate resulted in significantly lower hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Accumulation of hepatic lipid droplets was higher in the control group than in the rats supplemented with either cinnamate or lovastatin. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity was significantly lower in the cinnamate group compared with the other groups, whereas only acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity was significantly lower in the lovastatin group compared with the control group. Cinnamate supplementation resulted in higher catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, while hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly lower in both the cinnamate and lovastatin groups. The fecal acidic sterol was higher in the lovastatin group than in the control or cinnamate groups. These results suggest that dietary cinnamate inhibits hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity, resulting in lower hepatic cholesterol content, and suppresses lipid peroxidation via enhancement of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities.
Analysis of the cannabinoids (1984)

Cannabis preparations, derived from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativaL., have been used by man for their euphoric effects for over four thousand years (Nahas, 1973) and represent the most widely used of all illicit drugs. The active constituents, which are found mainly in the resin associated with the flowering tops of female plants, belong to a group of compounds classified as cannabinoids and which are unique to Cannabis.To date, over sixty of these compounds have been identified (Turner et al.,1980a) with the structure of the major active constituent, Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ1-THC, Figure 10.1a), being elucidated as recently as 1964 (Gaoni and Mechoulam, 1964). Two numbering systems are in use for this compound, the monoterpene system (Figure 10.5a) used in this chapter, and the benzopyran system (Figure 10.5b) under which THC is named Δ9-THC. Other major cannabinoids are shown in Figures 10.2 to 10.4. Of these, cannabidiol (CBD, Figure 10.2a), a biochemical precursor of Δ1 -THC, and cannabinol (CBN, Figure 10.3a), a chemical degradation product, are generally the most abundant. Both of these compounds are devoid of psychotomimetic properties although they do show other pharmacological activities.
Overexpression of human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) induces a multidrug resistance phenotype. (2002)

Together this data suggests that PGK1 can induce a multidrug resistant phenotype through an MDR-1 independent mechanism.
Immunomodulatory Activity of<i>Lactococcus lactis</i>A17 from Taiwan Fermented Cabbage in OVA-Sensitized BALB/c Mice (2013)

From fermented Taiwan foods, we have isolated numerous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of plant origin and investigated their biological activities. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect and mechanism of Lactococcus lactis A17 (A17), isolated from Taiwan fermented cabbage, on ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to verify immune responses of A17 by IFN- γ production. Live (A17-A) and heat-killed A17 (A17-H) were orally administered to OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice to investigate their effects on immunoglobulin (Ig) and cytokine production. The mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like protein receptors in spleen cells was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Both live and heat-killed A17 modulate OVA-induced allergic effects. B-cell response was modulated by diminishing IgE production and raising OVA-specific IgG2a production, while T-cell response was modulated by increasing IFN- γ production and decreasing IL-4 production. The mRNA expression of NOD-1, NOD-2, and TLR-4 was down-regulated by A17 as well. This is the first report to describe a naïve Lactococcus lactis A17 strain as a promising candidate for prophylactic and therapeutic treatments of allergic diseases via oral administration. Our results suggest the ameliorative effects of A17 may be caused by modulating NOD-1 NOD-2, and TLR-4 expression.
Detection of multi-tone signals based on energy operators (2002)

A nonlinear approach based on the Teager-Kaiser energy operator for multi-tone detection in the presence of voice is presented. The approach is shown to provide accurate frequency estimation, robustness against network distortions, good rejection of tone-like speech, with a significantly lower computational load when compared to classical tone detection approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Parenting moderates a genetic vulnerability factor in longitudinal increases in youths' substance use. (2009)

The authors used a longitudinal, prospective design to investigate a moderation effect in the association between a genetic vulnerability factor, a variable nucleotide repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of 5HTT (5-HTTLPR), and increases in youths' substance use. The primary study hypothesis predicted that involved-supportive parenting would attenuate the link between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and longitudinal increases in substance use. African American youths residing in rural Georgia (N = 253, mean age = 11.5 years) provided 4 waves of data on their own substance use; the mothers of the youths provided data on their own parenting practices. Genetic data were obtained from youths via saliva samples. Latent growth curve modeling indicated that 5-HTTLPR status (presence of 1 or 2 copies of the s allele) was linked with increases in substance use over time; however, this association was greatly reduced when youths received high levels of involved-supportive parenting. This study demonstrates that parenting processes have the potential to ameliorate genetic risk.
A Randomized Trial of Alemtuzumab Versus Antithymocyte Globulin Induction in Renal and Pancreas Transplantation (2009)

BACKGROUND.: Alemtuzumab and rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) are commonly used for induction of immunsuppression for kidney and pancreas transplantation, but the two agents have not been compared directly. METHODS.: We conducted a prospective randomized single-center trial comparing alemtuzumab and rATG induction in adult kidney and pancreas transplantation in patients treated with similar maintenance immunosuppression. RESULTS.: Between February 1, 2005, and September 1, 2007, 222 patients randomly received either alemtuzumab (n=113) or rATG (n=109) induction; 180 (81%) underwent kidney alone, 38 (17%) simultaneous pancreas-kidney, and 4 (2%) pancreas after kidney transplants. Of 180 kidney-alone transplants, 152 (84%) were from deceased donors, including 61 (34%) from expanded criteria donors. Retransplantation, human leukocyte antigen match, antibody titer, expanded criteria donors, race, cytomegalovirus status, delayed graft function, and immunologic risks were similar between the two induction groups. With a median follow-up of 2 years (minimum 1 year), overall patient, kidney, and pancreas graft survival rates were 96%, 89%, and 90%, respectively. Survival, initial length of stay, and maintenance immunosuppression (including early steroid elimination) were similar between alemtuzumab and rATG groups, but biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) episodes occurred in 16 (14%) alemtuzumab patients compared with 28 (26%) rATG patients (P=0.02). Late BPAR (>12 months after transplant) occurred in 1 (8%) alemtuzumab patient and 3 (11%) rATG patients (P=NS). Infections and malignancy were similar between the two induction arms. CONCLUSION.: Alemtuzumab and rATG induction therapies were equally safe, but alemtuzumab was associated with less BPAR.
Chemically activated liquid phase sintering of tungsten-copper (1994)

Liquid phase sintering of mixed W-Cu powders is hampered by the insolubility of tungsten in copper. In this study, the system properties were significantly improved by additions of less than 1w/o Co to the starting powder mixture. The effects of processing variables such as cobalt concentration, initial homogeneity, copper particle size, copper concentration, green density, heating rate, and sintering temperature were investigated. In response to these variables, density, strength, and microhardness were measured and related to microstructures, fracture surfaces, and grain sizes. The dependence of grain growth on activator concentration and sintering temperature is similar to that observed in the activated solid state sintering of tungsten with Co additions
Preparation of the High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconducting Phase in Bi, Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Films by Pyrolysis of 2-Ethylhexanoates (1988)

The high- T c superconducting phase of Bi, Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O was prepared in films by pyrolysis of 2-ethylhexanoates. The derived T c (onset) was 115 K, and T c (end) was 102 K. From X-ray diffraction patterns, the films contained about 65% of the high- T c superconducting phaes. To increase the concentration of the high- T c superconducting phase, the partial pressure of oxygen, annealing temperature and the addition of Pb in the starting solution played important roles.
Modified time-domain algorithm for decoding Reed-Solomon codes (1993)

A technique for reducing the number of inversions in the time-domain decoding algorithm based on an algebraic decoder (Blahut's decoder) is introduced. It is proved that the modified algorithm is equivalent to the original one. The modified algorithm can be used in the universal Reed-Solomon decoder to decrease complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>