gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practitioner compression force variability in mammography: a preliminary study (2013)

For the first time, it has been practically demonstrated that practitioners vary in the amount of compression applied to breast tissue during routine mammography.
Stark-Effect Modulation of a CO2 Laser by NH2 D (1971)

The molecular Stark effect in NH2D was used to modulate the 10. 6-μ P(20) line of a CO2 laser yielding a modulation depth of 40% from a 200-V cm−1 rms signal applied to a 19. 7-cm gas cell external to the laser. NH2D was prepared by mixing ND3 and NH3. The absorption coefficient of the M=4 Stark-split line was measured as a function of mixing ratio and pressure. The observed pressure-broadening coefficient was 32. 5 MHz/Torr.
Synthesis and luminescence of CePO<sub>4</sub>:Tb/LaPO<sub>4</sub>core/sheath nanowires (2010)

CePO(4):Tb/LaPO(4) nanowires with a core/sheath architecture have been successful synthesized by a facile aqueous chemical method mediated by original CePO(4):Tb aggregation seeds. The seed crystals serve as both a luminescence center and a nucleation site for epitaxial growth. The seed nanocrystals have an irregular sphere-like shape with an average size of around 6.8 nm and a narrow size distribution. When the seed crystals are coated with LaPO(4), the resulting core/sheath CePO(4):Tb/LaPO(4) nanowires have mean diameters of about 7.6 nm and lengths up to 331 nm. Both photo- and x-ray luminescence demonstrate that the LaPO(4) coating increases the luminescence efficiency. These core/sheath structured nanowires may find potential applications in solid state lighting, medical imaging and radiation detection.
A new method for the synthesis of cyanohydroborates and cyanoborane complexes (1983)

J. Emri and B. Győri, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 1303 DOI: 10.1039/C39830001303
Identification of anomalous network security token usage via clustering and density estimation (2012)

Fraudulent use of network security tokens is a serious concern for any system that contains data that must be secured against illicit access, duplication, or manipulation. Anomaly-based techniques to classify logins as fraudulent or legitimate have been proposed and used successfully, however the lack of clear mathematical structure in the space of IP addresses means that many of these methods require significant supplemental information such as payload, failed token usages, or user activity upon the secured network in order to achieve accurate detection rates. When this additional information is not available, such as in network-based intrusion detection systems, many systems to detect fraudulent security token usage require a series of usages before a classification can be made. We present an anomaly detection system based upon IP addresses, a mapping of geographic location as inferred from IP address, and usage timestamps that is capable of identifying fraudulent token usage with as little as a single instance of fraudulent usage while overcoming the often significant limitations in geographic IP address mappings.
Alcoholysis and the composition of cocoanut oil (1913)

G. D. Elsdon, Analyst, 1913, 38, 8 DOI: 10.1039/AN9133800008
An Optimized Blockwise Nonlocal Means Denoising Filter for 3-D Magnetic Resonance Images (2008)

A critical issue in image restoration is the problem of noise removal while keeping the integrity of relevant image information. Denoising is a crucial step to increase image quality and to improve the performance of all the tasks needed for quantitative imaging analysis. The method proposed in this paper is based on a 3-D optimized blockwise version of the nonlocal (NL)-means filter (Buades, et al., 2005). The NL-means filter uses the redundancy of information in the image under study to remove the noise. The performance of the NL-means filter has been already demonstrated for 2-D images, but reducing the computational burden is a critical aspect to extend the method to 3-D images. To overcome this problem, we propose improvements to reduce the computational complexity. These different improvements allow to drastically divide the computational time while preserving the performances of the NL-means filter. A fully automated and optimized version of the NL-means filter is then presented. Our contributions to the NL-means filter are: 1) an automatic tuning of the smoothing parameter; 2) a selection of the most relevant voxels; 3) a blockwise implementation; and 4) a parallelized computation. Quantitative validation was carried out on synthetic datasets generated with BrainWeb (Collins, et al., 1998). The results show that our optimized NL-means filter outperforms the classical implementation of the NL-means filter, as well as two other classical denoising methods [anisotropic diffusion (Perona and Malik, 1990)] and total variation minimization process (Rudin, et al., 1992) in terms of accuracy (measured by the peak signal-to-noise ratio) with low computation time. Finally, qualitative results on real data are presented .
Thymidine Phosphorylase from Escherichia coli. Properties and Kinetics (1971)

Thymidine phosphorylase has been purified several hundred-fold from a strain of Escherichia coli K 12. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 68000 ± 10% both by use of G-200 gel filtration and by use of dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme has been subjected to kinetic analyses, by the method described by Cleland, including initial velocities, base-base exchange of the deoxyribosyl group, and product inhibition studies. The results are consistent with an ordered sequential mechanism in which phosphate is the first substrate to add to, and deoxyribose 1-phosphate is the last substrate to leave the enzyme.
Toward Simultaneous Real-Time Fluoroscopic and Nuclear Imaging in the Intervention Room (2015)

Measurements obtained with the hybrid imaging prototype device that combines simultaneous fluoroscopic and nuclear imaging of the same field of view have demonstrated the feasibility of real-time simultaneous hybrid imaging in the intervention room.
The strucchange Package (2006)

April 14, 2007 Version 1.3-2 Date 2007-04-13 Title Testing, Monitoring and Dating Structural Changes Author Achim Zeileis, Friedrich Leisch, Bruce Hansen, Kurt Hornik, Christian Kleiber Maintainer Achim Zeileis Description Testing, monitoring and dating structural changes in (linear) regression models. strucchange features tests/methods from the generalized fluctuation test framework as well as from LazyLoad yes LazyData yes Depends R (>= 2.1.0), graphics, stats, zoo, sandwich Suggests lmtest, car, dynlm, e1071, tseries Imports graphics, stats License GPL
Overview of Membrane Protein Solubilization (1998)

The solubilization of membrane proteins (i.e., extraction of the protein from the membrane in a disperse state in aqueous solution) in a stable state that retains the native activity of the membrane-bound form is more an empirical art than a protocol-driven science. Although a large number of molecules have been invented that display detergent properties, selection of the proper solubilizing agent is largely a matter of trial and error that depends on the protein of interest and the particular goals of the investigator. The purpose of this overview is to describe the methodology for finding the optimal conditions for detergent solubilization and to relate the selection of a specific detergent to explicit experimental goals.
Intervención psicomotriz en un caso de ataxia de Friedreich (2001)

La autora nos describe el proceso de intervencion psicomotriz en una patologia degenerativo muscular desde el valor del sosten emocional. Sosten que en en estos casos debe necesariamente asumido por el entorno familiar, actuando el terapeuta como catalizador para que este alcance la intensidad necesaria
Validation of Self-Reported Sleep Against Actigraphy (2012)

Our results indicate that sleep questions typically used in epidemiologic studies do not closely correspond with objective measures of sleep as assessed using actigraphy. The findings have implications for studies that have used such sleep questions. A means of appropriately measuring sleep as a risk factor in epidemiologic studies remains to be determined.
CRITICISM (1966)

CRITICISM Get access A New Testament History: The Story of the Emerging Church. By FLOYD V. FILSON. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1964. xi + 435 pages +16 maps. $7.50. The Early Christian Church. By J. G. DAVIES. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965. xiii + 314 pages. $8.50. CLIFFORD W. EDWARDS CLIFFORD W. EDWARDS Wesleyan College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XXXIV, Issue 3, July 1966, Pages 260–262, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XXXIV.3.260 Published: 01 July 1966
A Three Dimensional Electronic Retina Architecture. (1987)

Abstract : The biological retina is a compact, real-time image processor. It performs analog computations in parallel in depth. Such processing capabilities have so far been unattainable in comparably sized man-made processors. This thesis investigates using VLSI technology and a three dimensional architectural approach in designing an electronic retina. This effort involves the comparison of alternative 3D designs and the implementation of VLSI circuitry capable of low-level image processing. The 3D architectures compared include a model based on the Hughes 3D computer, a model using a monolithic wafer with multiple circuit layers, and a model using stacked wafers with fiber optic interconnects. A conventional 2D architecture is presented for comparison/reference. Circuits for photo detection, and spatial and temporal processing were implemented. It was shown that using VLSI analog circuits and a 3D architecture it is feasible to fabricate a real-time image processor in a compact package.
Epitaxially-encapsulated polysilicon disk resonator gyroscope (2013)

We present a 0.6 mm diameter, 20 μm thick epitaxially-sealed polysilicon disk resonator gyro (DRG). High Q (50,000) combined with electrostatic mode-matching and closed-loop quadrature null performed by dedicated electrode sets enables a scale-factor of 0.286 mV/(°/s) and Angle Random Walk (ARW) of 0.006 (°/s)/√Hz. Without precise control of temperature, the minimum Allan deviation is 3.29 °/hr.
Obstacle avoidance perception processing for the autonomous land vehicle (2003)

A description is given of an obstacle avoidance perception sensing system developed for use on Martin Marietta's autonomous land vehicle. The focus is on range-image-based methods developed to run on a high-speed systolic array processor called the Warp machine. Techniques are presented for fusing video/range sensor data, locating obstacle regions in range imagery, and mapping of the algorithm onto Warp machine. The results of applying the perception sensing system in an experimental test run are presented, and limitations of its use are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Duel nature of TGF-?? signaling: tumor suppressor vs. tumor promoter (2004)

Current studies are beginning to shed light on the mechanisms that allow some nongastrointestinal epithelial cancers to evade the growth inhibitory effects of TGF-beta while simultaneously using this cytokine for growth advantage. By dissecting this phenotypic switch during tumor development, important genes, proteins, and pathways that are involved with TGF-beta signaling continue to be discovered. Knowledge of how premalignant cells and tumor cells respond to the growth promoting effects of TGF-beta and the genes that regulate this process will aid in the development of novel therapeutics and treatment strategies.
Mutation of cancer driver<i>MLL2</i>results in transcription stress and genome instability (2016)

Genome instability is a recurring feature of tumorigenesis. Mutation in MLL2, encoding a histone methyltransferase, is a driver in numerous different cancer types, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we present evidence that MLL2 mutation results in genome instability. Mouse cells in which MLL2 gene deletion can be induced display elevated levels of sister chromatid exchange, gross chromosomal aberrations, 53BP1 foci, and micronuclei. Human MLL2 knockout cells are characterized by genome instability as well. Interestingly, MLL2 interacts with RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and RECQL5, and, although MLL2 mutated cells have normal overall H3K4me levels in genes, nucleosomes in the immediate vicinity of RNAPII are hypomethylated. Importantly, MLL2 mutated cells display signs of substantial transcription stress, and the most affected genes overlap with early replicating fragile sites, show elevated levels of γH2AX, and suffer frequent mutation. The requirement for MLL2 in the maintenance of genome stability in genes helps explain its widespread role in cancer and points to transcription stress as a strong driver in tumorigenesis.
A Unique Synthetic Method for Pyridine-Ring Containing Ter-, Quater- and Quinquearyl and Vinylogues by Thermolysis of 2,2-Dichlorocyclopropylmethyleneamines (1996)

Teraryls, quateraryls, and quinquearyls composed of a pyridine ring in the segment and their vinylogues were prepared directly by thermal rearrangement of N-(hetero)arylmethyl-2,2-dichloro-1-substituted phenylcyclopropylmethyleneamines in modest to good yields.
Molekulare Ähnlichkeit. 1. Chemische Struktur und biologische Wirkung (1998)

Abstract Molekulare Ähnlichkeit läßt sich nicht absolut definieren. Sie bezieht sich immer auf das umgebende Medium, im Fall von Wirkstoffen auf die Bindestelle des Proteins, mit denen sie in Wechselwirkung treten. Struktur‐Wirkungsbeziehungen verschiedener Substanzgruppen erläutern allgemeine Prinzipien, belegen aber auch die Probleme bei der Vorhersage biologischer Wirkungen.
The bovine PPARGC1A gene: molecular characterization and association of an SNP with variation of milk fat synthesis (2005)

Several studies in a variety of breeds have reported at least two QTL for milk production traits, including milk fat synthesis on bovine chromosome 6 (BTA6), comprising a region that comparatively has been mapped to equivalent syntenic chromosome intervals in human, pig, and mouse harboring loci associated with type II diabetes and obesity-related traits. We identified the bovine peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha gene (PPARGC1A) as a plausible positional and functional candidate gene for a previously described QTL for milk fat yield on BTA6 because of its chromosomal position and its key role in energy, fat, and glucose metabolism. To analyze the role of the bovine PPARGC1A gene in regulation of milk fat synthesis in dairy cattle, we determined its cDNA sequence, genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern. The bovine PPARGC1A gene is organized in 13 exons comprising 6,261 bp and is expressed at different levels in a large number of tissues. Bovine PPARGC1A cDNA and protein sequences showed substantial similarity (92-95%) to its respective orthologs from human, rat, and mouse. Screening for polymorphisms in the coding sequence, exon/intron boundaries, 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions, and promoter region of the PPARGC1A gene in sires with a different genotype at the QTL for milk fat yield as well as in a multibreed panel revealed a total of 11 polymorphic loci. A significant association between an SNP in intron 9 of the PPARGC1A gene and milk fat yield was observed in a major dairy cattle population, indicating that the PPARGC1A gene could be involved in genetic variation underlying the QTL for milk fat synthesis on BTA6.
Inverse dynamics model in the cerebellum (2005)

Although the input and output, and the functional roles of different regions of the cerebellum are vastly different, the neural circuit in the cerebellar cortex is rather uniform. Given this histological uniformity, Kawato and Gomi (1992) proposed a coherent model of cerebellar motor learning based on the feedback-error-learning scheme. In that model, we hypothesized that the cerebellum acquires internal models of controlled objects such as inverse dynamics model. Shidara, Kawano, Gomi and Kawato (1992,1993) reconstructed temporal firing pattern of Purkinje-cells of the ventral paraflocculus using inverse-dynamics representation based on ocular following responses in monkeys. This experimental data supports our computational model. Similar reconstruction of messy fiber firing patterns disproves local representation models for messy fiber inputs to Purkinje cells. Finally, adaptive significance of low firing frequency of climbing fibers is discussed.
A Facile Synthesis of 5-Halopyrimidine-4-Carboxylic Acid Esters via a Minisci Reaction (2012)

This paper reports the synthesis of various 5-halopyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid esters via the Minisci homolytic alkoxycarbonylation of 5-halopyrimidines. The reaction was found to be highly regioselective, allowing the one-step synthesis of useful amounts (>10 g) of ethyl 5-bromopyrimidine-4-carboxylate where other methods proved difficult. Ethyl 5-bromopyrimidine-4-carboxylate was used for the preparation of potent CK2 inhibitors including CX-5011. This work represents an interesting application of radical chemistry for the preparation of pharmacologically active molecules.
JointCloud: A Cross-Cloud Cooperation Architecture for Integrated Internet Service Customization (2017)

Cloud computing has completely changed the economics of IT industry. Recently, the new form of "shared global economy" requires cloud services to be collaboratively provisioned by different cloud providers in a Geo-distributed manner, which brings severe challenges in service performance and cost. To address this problem, in this paper we propose JointCloud, a cross-cloud cooperation architecture for integrated Internet service customization. JointCloud borrows the idea from airline alliances and aims at empowering the cooperation among multiple clouds to provide efficient cross-cloud services. JointCloud focuses not only on the vertical integration of cloud resources but also on the horizontal cooperation among different cloud vendors. This paper describes the concept and architecture of JointCloud, as well as the initial design of the key components, namely, communication, storage, and computation.
Drilling Fluids Automix (2018)

Abstract Two Schlumberger companies, Cameron and M-I SWACO, joined efforts to provide market with a drilling fluid optimization system to be used during drilling operations. Cameron delivers a complete remote-controlled and automatic drilling fluids mixing system, while M-I SWACO's technology facilitates continuous real-time measurement, analysis and optimization of mud properties. Today mud samples are measured every 6 hours or more frequently, depending on the conditions in the well. The properties are then adjusted for the most part manually, based on a mud engineer's practice. The Cameron Automix system comprises mechanized equipment and a robot for addition of chemicals into the drilling fluid, and works in concert with the M-I SWACO RheoProfiler instrument, which measures and analyzes drilling fluid properties in real time. Schlumberger (SLB) algorithms, designed to care for the known wellbore situations, automatically create optimal recipes for the chemicals to be mixed into the drilling fluid. The synergies between M-I SWACO's core competence in fluids and RheoProfiler technology and Cameron's competence in software and mixing equipment, result in a unique method / system of continuous stabilization and control of the wellbore through drilling fluid optimization. With the focus on a fully autonomous ‘closed-loop’ drilling rig, the spotlight is strongly directed on the drill floor activities and their automation. The main goal of SLB, in terms of automation and closed-loop activities, is to improve the primary well barrier, keep well conditions under control, and rig safe. A combination of each company's strengths, Automix and RheoProfiler can play an essential part in moving the drilling industry towards the same philosophy of fully automated and intelligent systems. The entire drilling operation needs to be viewed as one system, with one organization working towards a common goal, reducing exploration cost without compromising safety. However, there will always be a need for the mud engineer on board. Less visible in the general hype around automation and more efficient drilling operations, is the importance of optimized properties of the mud in the drilling process. Safety during drilling, better well bore, economy or producing reservoir are just a few of the benefits of the SLB solution.
Inhibition of hepatitis B virus by a novel L-nucleoside, 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyl uracil (1996)

2'-Fluoro-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyl uracil (L-FMAU) was discovered to have potent antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). L-FMAU was more potent than its D-enantiomer and produced dose-dependent inhibition of the viral DNA replication in 2.2.15 cells (human HepG2 cells with the HBV genome), with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.1 microM. There was no inhibitory effect on HBV transcription or protein synthesis. In the 2.2.15 cell system, L-FMAU did not show any toxicity up to 200 microM, whereas the D-enantiomer was toxic, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 50 microM. Repeated treatments of HepG2 cells with L-FMAU at a 1 microM concentration for 9 days did not result in any decrease in the total mitochondrial DNA content, suggesting that a mode of toxicity similar to that produced by 2',3'-dideoxycytidine is unlikely. Also at concentrations as high as 200 microM, L-FMAU did not adversely affect mitochondrial function as determined by lactic acid production by L-FMAU-treated hepatoma cells. L-FMAU was metabolized in the cells to its mono-, di-, and triphosphates, A dose-dependent inhibition of HBV DNA synthesis by L-FMAU triphosphate was observed in the DNA polymerase assays with isolated HBV particles, suggesting that the mode of action of this compound could involve viral polymerase. However, L-FMAU was not incorporated into the cellular DNA. Considering the potent inhibition of the viral DNA synthesis and the nontoxicity of L-FMAU towards the host DNA synthetic machinery, this compound should be further explored for development as asn anti-HBV drug.
Dying enterocytes downregulate signaling pathways converging on Ras: rescue by protease inhibition (1998)

Organ and cell cultures of the small intestine serve as excellent in vitro models for programmed cell death (PCD). Cells cultured in serum-free, minimal medium rapidly died, as evidenced by histological changes, internucleosomal DNA cleavage, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. Cell death was pervasive, although nonepithelial cells within the fibrovascular villus core were spared. PCD did not require a functional p53 gene. Serine and cysteine protease inhibitors, but not FCS, suppressed it. Relative to structural and functional proteins, dying enterocytes rapidly downregulated Ras-convergent proteins, including epidermal growth factor receptor, Erb-B2, and the son of sevenless guanine nucleotide exchangers. Reductions in the steady-state levels of both protein and mRNA were observed. These reductions were prevented by a combination of death-defying serine and caspase inhibitors, indicating a requirement for the initiation of death. Thus, during catastrophic PCD, intestinal epithelial cells delete cell surface signaling pathways responsible for Ras activation.