gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Mutation in the Ebola Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Restricts Viral Entry in a Host Species- and Cell-Type-Specific Manner (2013)

Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. A single viral glycoprotein (GP) mediates viral attachment and entry. Here, virus-like particle (VLP)-based entry assays demonstrate that a GP mutant, GP-F88A, which is defective for entry into a variety of human cell types, including antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages and dendritic cells, can mediate viral entry into mouse CD11b(+) APCs. Like that of wild-type GP (GP-wt), GP-F88A-mediated entry occurs via a macropinocytosis-related pathway and requires endosomal cysteine proteases and an intact fusion peptide. Several additional hydrophobic residues lie in close proximity to GP-F88, including L111, I113, L122, and F225. GP mutants in which these residues are mutated to alanine displayed preferential and often impaired entry into several cell types, although not in a species-specific manner. Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) protein is an essential filovirus receptor that binds directly to GP. Overexpression of NPC1 was recently demonstrated to rescue GP-F88A-mediated entry. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated that while the F88A mutation impairs GP binding to human NPC1 by 10-fold, it has little impact on GP binding to mouse NPC1. Interestingly, not all mouse macrophage cell lines permit GP-F88A entry. The IC-21 cell line was permissive, whereas RAW 264.7 cells were not. Quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays demonstrate higher NPC1 levels in GP-F88A permissive IC-21 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages than in RAW 264.7 cells. Cumulatively, these studies suggest an important role for NPC1 in the differential entry of GP-F88A into mouse versus human APCs.
Biomimetic robotic joint mechanism driven by soft linear actuators (2017)

From being soft, flexible and producing movement by contracting, soft linear actuators are said to have muscle-like properties. Due to these similarities, they are often called “artificial muscle actuator.” However, the strain produced by these actuators is generally insufficient to be utilized in a large range of applications. Some solutions have been developed, but they sacrifice force to increase the displacement. Meanwhile, the force produced by skeletal muscles increases as it contracts due to its working principle, which is based on the “sliding filament mechanism.” The limitations of soft linear actuators could be overcome by mimicking the contraction process of skeletal muscles. Two types of muscle-inspired robotic joint mechanisms based on the sliding filament mechanism principle are proposed in this work. The mechanisms can be operated using any type of soft linear actuators as well as traditional actuators or motors, and this work realizes the implementation using shape memory alloy wires and 3D printed mechanical parts. The feasibility of both proposed mechanisms, and their capabilities were experimentally verified.
Repairing the surface of InAs-based topological heterostructures (2020)

Candidate systems for topologically-protected qubits include two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) based on heterostructures exhibiting a strong spin–orbit interaction and superconductivity via the proximity effect. For InAs- or InSb-based materials, the need to form shallow quantum wells to create a hard-gapped p-wave superconducting state often subjects them to fabrication-induced damage, limiting their mobility. Here, we examine scattering mechanisms in processed InAs 2DEG quantum wells and demonstrate a means of increasing their mobility via repairing the semiconductor–dielectric interface. Passivation of charged impurity states with an argon–hydrogen plasma results in a significant increase in the measured mobility and reduction in its variance relative to untreated samples, up to 45 300 cm2/(V s) in a 10 nm deep quantum well.
Moment-to-Moment Optimal Branding in TV Commercials: Preventing Avoidance by Pulsing (2010)

We develop a conceptual framework about the impact that branding activity (the audiovisual representation of brands) and consumers' focused versus dispersed attention have on consumer moment-to-moment avoidance decisions during television advertising. We formalize this framework in a dynamic probit model and estimate it with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Data on avoidance through zapping, along with eye tracking on 31 commercials for nearly 2,000 participants, are used to calibrate the model. New, simple metrics of attention dispersion are shown to strongly predict avoidance. Independent of this, central on-screen brand positions, but not brand size, further promote commercial avoidance. Based on the model estimation, we optimize the branding activity that is under marketing control for ads in the sample to reduce commercial avoidance. This reveals that brand pulsing—while keeping total brand exposure constant—decreases commercial avoidance significantly. Both numerical simulations and a controlled experiment using regular and edited commercials, respectively, provide evidence of the benefits of brand pulsing to ward off commercial avoidance. Implications for advertising management and theory are addressed.
Benefits of metastasectomy for colorectal cancer (2014)

We commend Treasure and colleagues and The BMJ for their efforts in resurrecting and publishing data from unpublished trials. William Slack’s reported observation that “active cancer had to be detected earlier than was possible clinically if repeat surgery was to benefit patients” was wise and prophetic.1 It forms the basis for exciting developments in the use of second look laparotomy in the modern …
Inhibition of the amplification reactions of blood coagulation by site-specific inhibitors of <i>α</i>-thrombin (1992)

Hirudin and hirulog-1 [D-Phe-Pro-Arg-Pro-[Gly]4-desulphohirudin-(54-65)] abrogate the enzyme activities of alpha-thrombin by binding the enzyme simultaneously at its catalytic centre and fibrin(ogen)-recognition exosite. In contrast, hirugen [hirudin-(54-65)] binds alpha-thrombin solely at the fibrin(ogen)-recognition exosite, and competitively inhibits fibrinopeptide A release. To investigate the extent to which the fibrin(ogen)-recognition exosite is involved when alpha-thrombin catalyses the amplification reactions of coagulation, we compared the abilities of hirudin, hirulog-1 and hirugen to inhibit simultaneously Factor X, Factor V and prothrombin activation. Whereas 0.1 microM-hirudin and 0.1 microM-hirulog-1 (i.e. less than 10% of the concentration of prothrombin in plasma) inhibited Factor X, Factor V and prothrombin activation, 10 microM was the minimum concentration of hirugen to achieve a similar anticoagulant action. Concentrations of hirudin and hirulog-1 equimolar to and 5 times greater than those of alpha-thrombin respectively abrogated Factor V activation by exogenous alpha-thrombin. In contrast, a 500-fold molar excess of hirugen could not. The inability of hirugen to inhibit the activation of the three clotting factors effectively suggests that the fibrin(ogen)-recognition exosite does not play a mandatory role when thrombin activates Factor V.
Bucket based data deduplication technique for big data storage system (2016)

In this paper proposed bucket based data deduplication technique is presented. In proposed technique bigdata stream is given to the fixed size chunking algorithm to create fixed size chunks. When the chunks are obtained then these chunks are given to the MD5 algorithm module to generate hash values for the chunks. After that MapReduce model is applied to find whether hash values are duplicate or not. To detect the duplicate hash values MapReduce model compared these hash values with already stored hash values in bucket storage. If these hash values are already present in the bucket storage then these can be identified as duplicate. If the hash values are duplicated then do not store the data into the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) else then store the data into the HDFS. The proposed technique is analyzed using real data set using Hadoop tool.
Sexul pe internet: forma de virtualizare a spatiului social (2003)

Articolul prezinta o analiza a fenomenului videochatului erotic si a sexului pe internet introducand conceptul de virtualizare a spatiului social.
Structure, Dynamics, and Power Conversion Efficiency Correlations in a New Low Bandgap Polymer: PCBM Solar Cell (2010)

Molecular packing structures and photoinduced charge separation\ndynamics have been investigated in a recently developed bulk heterojunction\n(BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) material based on poly(thienothiophene-benzodithiophene)\n(PTB1) with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >5% in solar cell\ndevices. Grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) measurements of\nthe PTB1:PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C<sub>61</sub>-butyric acid methyl ester)\nfilms revealed π-stacked polymer backbone planes oriented parallel\nto the substrate surface, in contrast to the π-stacked polymer\nbackbone planes oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface in\nregioregular P3HT [poly(3-hexylthiophene)]:PCBM films. A ∼1.7\ntimes higher charge mobility in the PTB1:PCBM film relative to that\nin P3HT:PCBM films is attributed to this difference in stacking orientation.\nThe photoinduced charge separation (CS) rate in the pristine PTB1:PCBM\nfilm is more than twice as fast as that in the annealed P3HT:PCBM\nfilm. The combination of a small optical gap, fast CS rate, and high\ncarrier mobility in the PTB1:PCBM film contributes to its relatively\nhigh PCE in the solar cells. Contrary to P3HT:PCBM solar cells, annealing\nPTB1:PCBM films reduced the device PCE from 5.24% in the pristine\nfilm to 1.92% due to reduced interfacial area between the electron\ndonor and the acceptor. Consequently, quantum yields of exciton generation\nand charge separation in the annealed film are significantly reduced\ncompared to those in the pristine film.
Abstracts of the Fourth Joint Annual Conference, Experimental and Clinical Short Papers Meetings of the British Society of Audiology (2014)

M.R.D. Maslin*, M. Taylor§, C. Plack* and, K.J. Munro*,#. *School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, §Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK, #Central M...
L-Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTL-Pyrrolidonecarboxylic AcidA. F. BeechamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 18, 4613–4614Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01647a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01647a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>TNFAIP3</i> (A20) is a tumor suppressor gene in Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (2009)

Proliferation and survival of Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells, the malignant cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), are dependent on constitutive activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). NF-kappaB activation through various stimuli is negatively regulated by the zinc finger protein A20. To determine whether A20 contributes to the pathogenesis of cHL, we sequenced TNFAIP3, encoding A20, in HL cell lines and laser-microdissected HRS cells from cHL biopsies. We detected somatic mutations in 16 out of 36 cHLs (44%), including missense mutations in 2 out of 16 Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV(+)) cHLs and a missense mutation, nonsense mutations, and frameshift-causing insertions or deletions in 14 out of 20 EBV(-) cHLs. In most mutated cases, both TNFAIP3 alleles were inactivated, including frequent chromosomal deletions of TNFAIP3. Reconstitution of wild-type TNFAIP3 in A20-deficient cHL cell lines revealed a significant decrease in transcripts of selected NF-kappaB target genes and caused cytotoxicity. Extending the mutation analysis to primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBL), another lymphoma with constitutive NF-kappaB activity, revealed destructive mutations in 5 out of 14 PMBLs (36%). This report identifies TNFAIP3 (A20), a key regulator of NF-kappaB activity, as a novel tumor suppressor gene in cHL and PMBL. The significantly higher frequency of TNFAIP3 mutations in EBV(-) than EBV(+) cHL suggests complementing functions of TNFAIP3 inactivation and EBV infection in cHL pathogenesis.
Serum Requirement for Interferon Production by Suspended Human Leucocytes: Studies on Action of Serum (1969)

SUMMARY Suspensions of human leucocytes purified by NH4Cl produced interferon in the same time after induction by Sendai virus whether the medium contained serum or not. In the absence of serum the interferon titre levelled off after as little as 5 hr, and the yield was less than 10% of that obtained when serum was present. The production of interferon was completely inhibited by 2 μg./ml. of actinomycin D added simultaneously with the virus. Interferon synthesis gradually became insensitive to actinomycin during the first 4 to 5 hr after induction in both the presence and absence of serum. Large amounts of interferon rapidly appeared after addition of serum to cultures induced and incubated in serum-free medium. The cells responded to added serum by interferon production up to 16 to 20 hr after induction. The rate of interferon production after addition of serum was not affected by actinomycin. Removal of serum from the medium resulted in a reduced yield of interferon; which would not be prevented by addition of actinomycin. The low yields of interferon in a medium devoid of serum were not due to reduced synthesis of the DNA-dependent RNA needed for interferon production.
PAVEMENT TEXTURE: ITS SIGNIFICANCE AND DEVELOPMENT (1978)

This paper discusses the influence of roadway surface textures on skid resistance, the skid resistance-speed gradient, accident rates on wet pavements, pavement wear, and the noise generated by tire-road interaction. The tendency of a vehicle to hydroplane is reduced by increasing the depth of the pavement texture. Appropriate textures are developed by using open-graded asphalt friction surface courses and by finishing Portland cement concrete with steel tines or a vibrating float while the concrete is plastic. Hardened pavements can be textured by grooving with a diamond saw or br resurfacing with an overlay. More development is needed in techniques of texture measurement, especially in automating the stereophotographic interpretation method. /Author/
Additional Minor Diterpene Glycosides from <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (2011)

From the commercial extract of the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana, two additional new diterpenoid glycosides were isolated and their structures were characterized as 13-[(2-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1) and 13-[(2-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2) on the basis of extensive spectral data (NMR and MS) and chemical studies.
Highly regio- and stereoselective synthesis of alkenylboronic esters by copper-catalyzed boron additions to disubstituted alkynes (2011)

Correction for 'Highly regio- and stereoselective synthesis of alkenylboronic esters by copper-catalyzed boron additions to disubstituted alkynes' by Hye Ryung Kim et al., Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 2943-2945.
Structural and Functional Characterization of a Recombinant PorB Class 2 Protein from Neisseria meningitidis (1997)

An outer membrane PorB class 2 protein from Neisseria meningitidis has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli, isolated from inclusion bodies, and refolded in the presence of zwitterionic detergent. The purified recombinant and native (strain M986) counterpart exhibit most of the typical functional and structural properties that are characteristic of bacterial porins. Channel forming activity has been monitored by incorporating class 2 into reconstituted liposomes and measuring the permeation rates of various oligosaccharides through the proteoliposomes to derive a pore diameter of approximately 1.6 nm. Structural studies employing a combination of spectroscopic and electrophoretic techniques reveal that recombinant and native class 2 are identical in terms of overall conformational stability. Both proteins form stable trimers in zwitterionic detergent and retain significant secondary and tertiary structure in the presence of SDS. The thermal unfolding of zwittergen-solubilized class 2 trimers (Tm = 88 degrees C) is reversible and characterized by solvent exposure of aromatic residues with concomitant disruption of tertiary and partial loss of secondary structures. SDS-induced destabilization and irreversible unfolding of the native trimeric assembly occurs at temperatures above 60 degrees C. Our physicochemical studies of PorB class 2 protein furnish significant insight regarding the structural and functional properties of this meningococcal outer membrane protein within the porin superfamily.
Bulky La&ndash;Al&ndash;TM (TM=Transition Metal) Amorphous Alloys with High Tensile Strength Produced by a High-Pressure Die Casting Method (1993)

The application of a high-pressure die casting technique to La–Al–TM (TM=Co, Ni, Cu) alloys was found to produce bulk amorphous alloys in cylinder and sheet forms. The maximum sample diameter (dc) for formation of an amorphous phase is 3 mm for La55Al25(Ni or Cu)20, 7 mm for La55Al25Ni10Cu10 and above 9 mm for La55Al25Cu10Ni5Co5. There is a clear tendency for dc to increase with an increase in the temperature interval of a supercooled liquid region. The glass transition temperature (Tg), the crystallization temperature (Tx) and the heat of crystallization (ΔHx) remain unchanged in the thickness range of 1 to 7 mm for the La55Al25Cu10Ni10 alloy. Tg and ΔHx are nearly the same as those for the melt-spun ribbon. The tensile fracture strength (σf) and elongation (εf) for the La65Al20Cu7.5Ni3.75Co3.75 cylinder with a diameter of 3 mm are 700 MPa and 1.5%. Although the εf value is nearly the same as that for the melt-spun ribbon, the σf value is about 80% as high as that for the ribbon. The decrease in σf by 20% is presumably due to the existence of pores based on the result that the porosity of the cast samples is about 20%. The achievement of the σf for the cast alloys with 20% in porosity indicates that the bulk amorphous alloys also have a ductile nature which is comparable to that for the melt-spun ribbon.
Luminscent Graphene Quantum Dots for Organic Photovoltaic Devices (2011)

Recent research in organic photovoltaic (OPV) is largely focused on developing low cost OPV materials such as graphene. However, graphene sheets (GSs) blended conjugated polymers are known to show inferior OPV characteristics as compared to fullerene adduct blended with conjugated polymer. Here, we demonstrate that graphene quantum dots blended with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4phenylenevinylene) polymer results in a significant improvement in the OPV characteristics as compared to GSs blended conjugated polymers. This work has implications for inexpensive and efficient solar cells as well as organic light emitting diodes.
<em>In situ</em> Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells (2010)

Protein function is intimately coupled to protein localization. Although some proteins are restricted to a specific location or subcellular compartment, many proteins are present as a freely diffusing population in free exchange with a sub-population that is tightly associated with a particular subcellular domain or structure. In situ subcellular fractionation allows the visualization of protein compartmentalization and can also reveal protein sub-populations that localize to specific structures. For example, removal of soluble cytoplasmic proteins and loosely held nuclear proteins can reveal the stable association of some transcription factors with chromatin. Subsequent digestion of DNA can in some cases reveal association with the network of proteins and RNAs that is collectively termed the nuclear scaffold or nuclear matrix. Here we describe the steps required during the in situ fractionation of adherent and non-adherent mammalian cells on microscope coverslips. Protein visualization can be achieved using specific antibodies or fluorescent fusion proteins and fluorescence microscopy. Antibodies and/or fluorescent dyes that act as markers for specific compartments or structures allow protein localization to be mapped in detail. In situ fractionation can also be combined with western blotting to compare the amounts of protein present in each fraction. This simple biochemical approach can reveal associations that would otherwise remain undetected.
Synthesis of aryl sulfones (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of aryl sulfonesBruce M. GraybillCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 9, 2931–2933Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01284a075RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views779Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (456 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts