gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remotely activated, vibrational magnetoelastic array system for controlling cell adhesion (2013)

A new system was designed to selectively control cellular adhesion to medical implants. The system is based on magnetoelastic (ME) materials that can be remotely set to generate mechanical vibrations at submicron levels with predetermined amplitude and frequency. Previous studies have demonstrated the capacity of these vibrations to control cellular adhesion at a substrate surface. In this work, an ME film with two conjoined strips was developed to investigate the potential of this system to provide region specific control of cellular adhesion. In vitro cell culture experiments performed with L929 fibroblasts indicate that cellular adhesion can be increased or decreased at different regions of the film by changing the frequency of the magnetic field.
A 69.5 mW 20 GS/s 6b Time-Interleaved ADC With Embedded Time-to-Digital Calibration in 32 nm CMOS SOI (2014)

A 20 GS/s 6b time-interleaved ADC is implemented in 32 nm CMOS SOI with an embedded time-to-digital converter to sense timing skew, and the randomness of process mismatch is exploited to compensate for the clock misalignment and dynamic offset errors of comparators that occur during high-speed operation. To achieve low-power consumption at high-speed operation with small-size transistors, a low-complexity on-chip calibration reduces gain, offset, and delay mismatches in background. With the timing skew calibration, the spurs due to clock misalignment are reduced by 20 dB. The proposed ADC achieves an SNDR of 30.7 dB at Nyquist frequency and consumes only 69.5 mW with a figure-of-merit of 124 J/conv-step.
Tutorial on cross-domain recommender systems (2014)

Cross-domain recommender systems aim to generate or enhance personalized recommendations in a target domain by exploiting knowledge (mainly user preferences) from other source domains. This may beneficial for generating better recommendations, e.g. mitigating the cold-start and sparsity problems in a target domain, and enabling personalized cross-selling for items from multiple domains. In this tutorial, we formalize the cross-domain recommendation problem, categorize and survey state of the art cross-domain recommender systems, discuss related evaluation issues, and outline future research directions on the topic.
Diabetes in Older Adults (2012)

More than 25% of the U.S. population aged ≥65 years has diabetes (1), and the aging of the overall population is a significant driver of the diabetes epidemic. Although the burden of diabetes is often described in terms of its impact on working-age adults, diabetes in older adults is linked to higher mortality, reduced functional status, and increased risk of institutionalization (2). Older adults with diabetes are at substantial risk for both acute and chronic microvascular and cardiovascular complications of the disease.

Despite having the highest prevalence of diabetes of any age-group, older persons and/or those with multiple comorbidities have often been excluded from randomized controlled trials of treatments—and treatment targets—for diabetes and its associated conditions. Heterogeneity of health status of older adults (even within an age range) and the dearth of evidence from clinical trials present challenges to determining standard intervention strategies that fit all older adults. To address these issues, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) convened a Consensus Development Conference on Diabetes and Older Adults (defined as those aged ≥65 years) in February 2012. Following a series of scientific presentations by experts in the field, the writing group independently developed this consensus report to address the following questions:

1. What is the epidemiology and pathogenesis of diabetes in older adults?

2. What is the evidence for preventing and treating diabetes and its common comorbidities in older adults?

3. What current guidelines exist for treating diabetes in older adults?

4. What issues need to be considered in individualizing treatment recommendations for older adults?

5. What are consensus recommendations for treating older adults with or at risk for diabetes?

6. How can gaps in the evidence best be filled?

According to the most recent surveillance data, the prevalence of diabetes among U.S. adults aged ≥65 years varies from 22 to 33%, depending on the diagnostic criteria …
Interspecific hybridization transfers a previously unknown glyphosate resistance mechanism in <i>Amaranthus</i> species (2011)

A previously unknown glyphosate resistance mechanism, amplification of the 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene, was recently reported in Amaranthus palmeri. This evolved mechanism could introgress to other weedy Amaranthus species through interspecific hybridization, representing an avenue for acquisition of a novel adaptive trait. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for this glyphosate resistance trait to transfer via pollen from A. palmeri to five other weedy Amaranthus species (Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus powellii, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus spinosus, and Amaranthus tuberculatus). Field and greenhouse crosses were conducted using glyphosate-resistant male A. palmeri as pollen donors and the other Amaranthus species as pollen recipients. Hybridization between A. palmeri and A. spinosus occurred with frequencies in the field studies ranging from <0.01% to 0.4%, and 1.4% in greenhouse crosses. A majority of the A. spinosus × A. palmeri hybrids grown to flowering were monoecious and produced viable seed. Hybridization occurred in the field study between A. palmeri and A. tuberculatus (<0.2%), and between A. palmeri and A. hybridus (<0.01%). This is the first documentation of hybridization between A. palmeri and both A. spinosus and A. hybridus.
The past, present, and future of image and multidimensional signal processing. (1998)

The field of image and multidimensional signal processing began as a field of strong theoretical framework based on mathematics, statistics, and physics. Later, with advances in computing, memory, and image-sensing technology, techniques developed for image enhancement, still and moving image compression, image understanding gave this field a solid base of practical applications. Furthermore, the exploding growth of the Internet and the ubiquity of images and video, the field of image and multidimensional signal processing is becoming more and more exciting. Topics covered in the article include: multidimensional signal-processing theory, image acquisition, image transforms, image modeling, image enhancement and restoration, image and video analysis, processing, coding, hardware and software implementation issues, and computed imaging.
New primers for the class <i>Actinobacteria</i> : application to marine and terrestrial environments (2003)

In this study, we redesigned and evaluated primers for the class Actinobacteria. In silico testing showed that the primers had a perfect match with 82% of genera in the class Actinobacteria, representing a 26-213% improvement over previously reported primers. Only 4% of genera that displayed mismatches did so in the terminal three bases of the 3' end, which is most critical for polymerase chain reaction success. The primers, designated S-C-Act-0235-a-S-20 and S-C-Act-0878-a-A-19, amplified an approximately 640 bp stretch of the 16S rRNA gene from all actinobacteria tested (except Rubrobacter radiotolerans) up to an annealing temperature of 72 degrees C. An Actinobacteria Amplification Resource (http://microbe2.ncl.ac.uk/MMB/AAR.htm) was generated to provide a visual guide to aid the amplification of actinobacterial 16S rDNA. Application of the primers to DNA extracted from marine and terrestrial samples revealed the presence of actinobacteria that have not been described previously. The use of 16S rDNA similarity and DNA-DNA pairing correlations showed that almost every actinomycete clone represented either a new species or a novel genus. The results of this study reinforce the proposition that current culture-based techniques drastically underestimate the diversity of Actinobacteria in the environment and highlight the need to evaluate taxon-specific primers regularly in line with improvements in databases holding 16S rDNA sequences.
Letterform design systems (1983)

The design of letterforms requires a skilled hand, an eye for fine detail and an understanding of the letterforms themselves. This work has traditionally been done by experienced artisans, but in the last fifteen years there have been attempts to integrate the design process with the use of computers in order to create digital type forms. The use of design systems for the creation of these digital forms has led to an analysis of the way type designs are created by type designers. Their methods have been integrated into a variety of systems for creating digital forms. This paper describes these design systems and discusses the relevant issues for the success of the systems that exist and are used today.
Anticancer peptide CIGB-300 binds to nucleophosmin/B23, impairs its CK2-mediated phosphorylation, and leads to apoptosis through its nucleolar disassembly activity (2009)

CIGB-300, formerly known as P15-tat, is a proapoptotic peptide with established antiproliferative activity in vitro and antitumoral activity in vivo. This hypothesis-driven peptide was initially selected for its ability to impair the in vitro CK2-mediated phosphorylation in one of its substrates through direct binding to the conserved acidic phosphoaceptor domain. However, the actual in vivo target(s) on human cancer cells among the hundreds of CK2 substrates as well as the subsequent events that lead to apoptosis on tumor cells remains to be determined. In this work, we identified the multifunctional oncoprotein nucleophosmin/B23 as a major target for CIGB-300. In vivo, the CIGB-300-B23 interaction was shown by pull-down experiments and confirmed by the early in situ colocalization of both molecules in the cell nucleolus. Moreover, CIGB-300 inhibits the CK2-mediated phosphorylation of B23 in a dose-dependent fashion both in vitro and in vivo as shown using the recombinant GST fusion protein and the metabolic labeling approach, respectively. Such phosphorylation impairment was correlated with the ability of CIGB-300 to induce nucleolar disassembly as documented by the use of established markers for nucleolar structure. Finally, we showed that such a sequence of events leads to the rapid and massive onset of apoptosis both at the molecular and cellular levels. Collectively, these findings provide important clues by which the CIGB-300 peptide exerts its proapoptotic effect on tumor cells and highlights the suitability of the B23/CK2 pathway for cancer-targeted therapy.
Breakfast and exercise contingently affect postprandial metabolism and energy balance in physically active males (2013)

The present study examined the impact of breakfast and exercise on postprandial metabolism, appetite and macronutrient balance. A sample of twelve (blood variables n 11) physically active males completed four trials in a randomised, crossover design comprising a continued overnight fast followed by: (1) rest without breakfast (FR); (2) exercise without breakfast (FE); (3) breakfast consumption (1859 kJ) followed by rest (BR); (4) breakfast consumption followed by exercise (BE). Exercise was continuous, moderate-intensity running (expending approximately 2·9 MJ of energy). The equivalent time was spent sitting during resting trials. A test drink (1500 kJ) was ingested on all trials followed 90 min later by an ad libitum lunch. The difference between the BR and FR trials in blood glucose time-averaged AUC following test drink consumption approached significance (BR: 4·33 (SEM 0·14) v. FR: 4·75 (SEM 0·16) mmol/l; P=0·08); but it was not different between FR and FE (FE: 4·77 (SEM 0·14) mmol/l; P=0·65); and was greater in BE (BE: 4·97 (SEM 0·13) mmol/l) v. BR (P=0·012). Appetite following the test drink was reduced in BR v. FR (P=0·006) and in BE v. FE (P=0·029). Following lunch, the most positive energy balance was observed in BR and least positive in FE. Regardless of breakfast, acute exercise produced a less positive energy balance following ad libitum lunch consumption. Energy and fat balance is further reduced with breakfast omission. Breakfast improved the overall appetite responses to foods consumed later in the day, but abrogated the appetite-suppressive effect of exercise.
Understanding radiative transfer in the midwave infrared: a precursor to full-spectrum atmospheric compensation (2004)

The compensation for atmospheric effects in the VNIR/SWIR has reached a mature stage of development with many algorithms available for application (ATREM, FLAASH, ACORN, etc.). Compensation of LWIR data is the focus of a number of promising algorithms. A gap in development exists in the MWIR where little or no atmospheric compensation work has been done yet an increased interest in MWIR applications is emerging. To obtain atmospheric compensation over the full spectrum (visible through LWIR), a better understanding of the radiative effects in the MWIR is needed. The MWIR is characterized by a unique combination of reduced solar irradiance and low thermal emission (for typical emitting surfaces), both providing relatively equal contributions to the daytime MWIR radiance. In the MWIR and LWIR, the compensation problem can be viewed as two interdependent processes: compensation for the effects of the atmosphere and the uncoupling of the surface temperature and emissivity. The former requires calculations of the atmospheric transmittance due to gases, aerosols, and thin clouds and the path radiance directed towards the sensor (both solar scattered and thermal emissions in the MWIR). A framework for a combined MWIR/LWIR compensation approach is presented where both scattering and absorption by atmospheric particles and gases are considered.
The Anisotropic Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition SiO<sub>2</sub>/Spin-on Glass Process for 0.35 µm Technology (1993)

A new plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) oxide is proposed to form an anisotropic SiO 2 film with ultra low sidewall step coverage for the intermetal dielectric (IMD) process. This oxide is named anisotropic plasma oxide (APO). In the APO technology, the anisotropic deposition is achieved by reducing the O 2 /TEOS (tetraethylorthosilicate) feed ratio in current PECVD process. The APO sidewall step coverage can be lowered to 20% compared to 65% for the conventional PECVD oxide. Reflective index, measured by ellipsometry method, indicates that the APO film is Si-rich. High deposition rate and low film stress show the APO is suitable to the IC production. This technology is successfully applied to the 0.5 µm 16 M dynamic random access memory (DRAM) products and is expected to apply to 0.35 µm ULSI technology.
Stabilizing Traffic with Autonomous Vehicles (2018)

Autonomous vehicles promise safer roads, energy savings, and more efficient use of existing infrastructure, among many other benefits. Although the effect of autonomous vehicles has been studied in the limits (near-zero or full penetration), the transition range requires new formulations, mathematical modeling, and control analysis. In this article, we study the ability of small numbers of autonomous vehicles to stabilize a single-lane system of human-driven vehicles. We formalize the problem in terms of linear string stability, derive optimality conditions from frequency-domain analysis, and pose the resulting nonlinear optimization problem. In particular, we introduce two conditions which simultaneously stabilize traffic while imposing a safety constraint on the autonomous vehicle and limiting degradation of performance. With this optimal linear controller in a system with typical human driver behavior, we can numerically determine that only a 6% uniform penetration of autonomously controlled vehicles (i.e. one per string of up to 16 human-driven vehicles) is necessary to stabilize traffic across all traffic conditions.
IGBT Fault Current Limiting Circuit (1995)

There is a growing market demand for insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) with high efficiency but long short-circuit withstand time. The inherent device tradeoff, however, does not allow device designers to achieve both goals simultaneously. The proposed circuits, by limiting the fault current magnitude, extends the short-circuit withstand time of high efficiency (high-gain) IGBTs. Limiting of the fault current magnitude also results in reduced turn-off voltage transients; a desirable byproduct, especially for higher current modules. Moreover, the adverse Miller effect is counterbalanced to a great degree. If the fault current is of a short transient type, the circuit restores normal operation, a unique and desirable feature for noise-prone systems. The circuit does not require an external DC supply to operate. This feature, combined with the simplicity of the circuit, makes it feasible to insert the circuit in IGBT modules or connect it as an interface between the gate driver and module.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactivity of Some Metal Oxides Supported on Alumina with Alternating Methane and OxygenApplication for Chemical-Looping Combustion (2003)

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion technology with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO2. The technique involves the use of a metal oxide as an oxygen carrier, which transfers oxygen from the combustion air to the fuel. Two reactors are used in the process: (i) a fuel reactor where the metal oxide is reduced by reaction with the fuel, and (ii) an air reactor where the reduced metal oxide from the fuel reactor is oxidized with air. The possibility of using oxides of Cu, Co, Mn, and Ni as oxygen carriers was investigated. Particles were prepared by deposition of the metal oxides on γ-Al2O3 particles by so-called dry impregnation. The reactivity of the oxygen carrier particles was evaluated in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), where the alternating atmosphere which an oxygen carrier encounters in a CLC system was simulated by exposing the sample to alternating reducing (10% CH4, 5% CO2, 10% H2O) and oxidizing (10% O2) conditions at temperatures between 750 and 950 °C. The particles of Ni and Cu showed high reactivity at all temperatures and cycles, with reduction rates of up to 100%/min for CuO and 45%/min for NiO and oxidation rates of up to 25%/min for the oxidation of both reduced metals. Oxides of Mn and Co showed a limited extent of reaction, which was explained by the chemical reaction of the metal oxide with the alumina, with the formation of highly irreversible phases which do not react with methane and oxygen. Thus, Mn and Co are not suitable as oxygen carriers for CLC when supported on Al2O3. From the reactivity data of the nickel and copper oxygen carriers, it was estimated that 460−620 kg/MW oxygen carrier would be needed in the reactors. Similarly, from the oxygen transfer capacity of the particles, the solids circulation rate between the fuel and air reactor would need to be between 1 and 8 kg MW-1 s-1.
Separation of Spent Sulfate Liquor (KP Black Liquor) Components by Electrodialysis Process (1969)

Aiming at recovering sodium compounds from KP black liquor, separation of sodium and lignin has been made by means of electrodialysis of ion exchange membranes which have the characteristics of ion selectivity and concentrating capacity. The aparatus consists of 25 cells each of which being Cation exchange membrane - Spacer - Anion exchange membrane - Spacer, and platine-plated stainless electrodes were used. The separation was done at dilute section circulating the sample black liquor with batch process, and its total sodium decreased from initial concetration of 44.7g/l (as Na2O) to 5.6g/l (as Na2O) after the period of 8 hours, and it was found that the balance between the two alkali concentrations had migrated to the side of the concentrated black liquor. In addition, there are several experimental methods for accelerating the velocity of sodium removal from spent sulfate liquor.
Veterinary Pediatrics: Dogs and Cats from Birth to Six Months (1995)

The Physical Examination and Diagnostic. Radiology/ Ultrasonography. Behavior Development and Behavioral Disorders. Drug and Blood Component Therapy. Fading Puppies and Kittens: Diagnosis and Management. Sepsis in Puppies and Kittens. The Preventive Health Program. The Respiratory System. The Cardiovascular System. Dental Disease and Care. The Digestive System. The Liver and Pancreas. The Skin. The Ear. The Eye. The Hematopoietic System, Lymph Nodes, And Spleen. Endocrine and Metabolic Systems. The Urinary System. The Musculoskeletal System. The Nervous System. The Reproductive System. Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders. Toxicology. Environmental Injuries. Anesthesia and Surgical Considerations. Appendices.
Targeted cancer therapy with a novel low-dose rate α-emitting radioimmunoconjugate (2007)

Alpha-emitting radionuclides are highly cytotoxic and are of considerable interest in the treatment of cancer. A particularly interesting approach is in radioimmunotherapy. However, alpha-emitting antibody conjugates have been difficult to exploit clinically due to the short half-life of the radionuclides, low production capability, or limited source materials. We have developed a novel technology based on the low-dose rate alpha-particle-emitting nuclide (227)Th, exemplified here using the monoclonal antibody rituximab. In vitro, this radioimmunoconjugate killed lymphoma cells at Becquerel per milliliter (Bq/mL) levels. A single injection of (227)Th-rituximab induced complete tumor regression in up to 60% of nude mice bearing macroscopic (32-256 mm(3)) human B-lymphoma xenografts at Becquerel per gram (Bq/g) levels without apparent toxicity. Therapy with (227)Th-rituximab was significantly more effective than the control radioimmunoconjugate (227)Th-trastuzumab and the standard beta-emitting radioimmunoconjugate for CD20(+) lymphoma(90)Y-tiuxetan-ibritumomab. Thorium-227 based constructs may provide a novel approach for targeted therapy against a wide variety of cancers.
Targeting Epigenetic Readers in Cancer (2012)

Much of gene expression is regulated by chromatin, which allows or blocks transcription. Alterations in chromatin that influence gene expression in certain cancers can be affected by drugs. Clinical testing is eagerly awaited.
Algorithm for recognition of optical spectra in an environment containing interferants (2005)

An algorithm for quickly determining the presence of bacteria based on their intrinsic fluorescence signals has been developed. Applications of this algorithm are discussed.
Planned Laparoscopic Repair of a Spigelian Hernia Using a Composite Prosthesis (1994)

A planned elective repair, via the laparoscope, of a spigelian hernia is described. The repair was performed using a composite mesh prosthesis consisting of a sandwich of polyester fiber mesh and polyglactin 910 mesh, sutured together with polyglactin 910 suture at the operating table before introduction. The technique is applicable to other hernias of the anterior abdominal wall.