gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discriminative dimensionality reduction: variations, applications, interpretations (2017)

The amount of digital data increases rapidly as a result of advances in information and sensor technology. Because the data sets grow with respect to their size, complexity and dimensionality, they are no longer easily accessible to a human user. The framework of dimensionality reduction addresses this problem by aiming to visualize complex data sets in two dimensions while preserving the relevant structure. While these methods can provide significant insights, the problem formulation of structure preservation is ill-posed in general and can lead to undesired effects.\nIn this thesis, the concept of discriminative dimensionality reduction is investigated as a particular promising way to indicate relevant structure by specifying auxiliary data.<br />\nThe goal is to overcome challenges in data inspection and to investigate in how far discriminative dimensionality reduction methods can yield an improvement. The main scientific contributions are the following:<br />\n(I) The most popular techniques for discriminative dimensionality reduction\nare based on the Fisher metric. However, they are restricted in their applicability as concerns complex settings: They can only be employed for fixed data sets, i.e. new data cannot be included in an existing embedding. Only data provided in vectorial representation can be processed. And they are designed for discrete-valued auxiliary data and cannot be applied to real-valued ones. We propose solutions to overcome these challenges.<br />\n(II) Besides the problem that complex data are not accessible to humans, the same holds for trained machine learning models which often constitute black box models. In order to provide an intuitive interface to such models, we propose a general framework which allows to visualize high-dimensional functions, such as regression or classification functions, in two dimensions.<br />\n(III) Although nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques illustrate the structure of the data very well, they suffer from the fact that there is no explicit relationship between the original features and the obtained projection. We propose a methodology to create a connection, thus allowing to understand the\nimportance of the features.<br />\n(IV) Although linear mappings constitute a very popular tool, a direct interpretation of their weights as feature relevance can be misleading. We propose a methodology which enables a valid interpretation by providing relevance bounds for each feature.<br />\n(V) The problem of transfer learning without given correspondence information between the source and target space and without labels is particularly challenging. Here, we utilize the structure preserving property of dimensionality reduction methods to transfer knowledge in a latent space given by dimensionality reduction.
A Middleware Approach for Behavior Consistent Composition of Services in Smart Space (2007)

In recent years, service-oriented computing and pervasive computing are emerging as the next computing paradigms. Applying service-oriented technologies in smart space, a typical pervasive environment, facilitates the interaction of heterogeneous service components and the construction of pervasive applications. However, it also raises the new challenge of extending service specifications, composing available services and designing a supported middleware. To meet the challenge, we introduce a service-oriented component model which extends service specification with behavior and capability information. Based on it, we propose an approach of modeling composite services by UML activity diagrams and ensuring behavior consistency with respect to control flow. To support behavior consistent composition of services in smart space, SOBECA (service- oriented, behavior and capability supported architecture) system is designed and implemented.
PPARγ inhibit the cell proliferation and promote the apoptosis of hepatic carcinoma cell (2011)

Objective To investigate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ's function in hepatic carcinoma cell on proliferation and apoptosis.Methods The hepatic carcinoma cell line Hep3B was used to setup a stable overexpression of PPARγ by adenovirus vector.The expression of PPARγ was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.Cell proliferation and apoptosis of overexpression cell line were measured by CCK-8 kit and flow cytometry assay kit for apoptosis separately.Results The expression vector was successfully transfected into Hep3B cell,and the expression of PPARγ was improved in overexpression Hep3B cell.The cell proliferation was decreased and the apoptosis rate was increased 13.2% in overexpression Hep3B cell after 72 h of transfection.Conclusion PPARγ inhibitor the cell proliferation and promote the apoptosis in hepatic carcinoma cell.

Key words: 
Hepatic carcinoma;  PPARγ;  Cell proliferation;  Apoptosis
RSS Made Easy (2007)

Really Simple Syndication (RSS) uses extensive markup language (XML) to constantly scan the content of Web sites for updates, which will then be delivered to subscribers' desktops or mobile devices through an RSS feed. RSS helps professionals stay current while reducing workloads. Librarians need to get familiar with RSS to educate their users, to stay current in information technology, and to generate and disseminate selected information to target user groups. doi:10.1300/J115v26n01_04.
A Graph Theoretic Approach for Scene Detection in Produced Videos (2003)

E#cient video browsing requires indexing of videos so that the users can quickly locate the segments of their interests. While browsing a video, the users often prefer to skim through the video by scenes rather than frames or shots. In general, a scene can be defined by the continuity in the visual contents of shots due to fixed physical setting or by the continuity of the ongoing actions. We exploit this fact and propose a novel approach for clustering shots into scenes by transforming this task into a graph partitioning problem. This is achieved by constructing a weighted undirected graph called a shot similarity graph, SSG, where each node represents a shot and the edges between the shots are weighted by their similarities. Both color and motion information are utilized to compute shot similarities. The SSG is then split into smaller story units by applying the normalized-cut technique for graph partitioning. The proposed approach is robust and produces meaningful temporal segmentation of video, which is useful for applications such as &quot;video on demand&quot;. Experiments are presented with promising results on two Hollywood movies.
On the Mechanics of Impact Neurotrauma: A Review and Critical Synthesis (1995)

A computational modeling technique for the simulation of head impact mechanics is proposed as a tool for the study of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The capabilities, limitations, and consequently the utilities of this technique are discussed in light of the current computing and imaging technologies and their prospective advancement. A significant portion of the mechanics, relevant to head impact simulation, has been incorporated into this computational technique resulting in automated devices that ease the technical burden of biomechanical analysis of TBI mechanisms. A brief exposition of the concepts utilized in these devices is given and their basis in experiment is discussed.
MicroRNA-96-5p represses breast cancer proliferation and invasion through Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting CTNND1 (2020)

Low miR-96-5p expression is characteristic of many cancers but its role in breast cancer (BCa) remains poorly defined. Here, the role of miR-96-5p in BC development was assessed. We demonstrate that exogenously expressing miR-96-5p inhibits the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacity of BCa cells. Mechanistically, miR-96-5p in BCa cells was found to target and downregulate catenin delta 1 (CTNND1) leading to decreased β-catenin expression, a loss of WNT11 signaling, reduced cyclin D1 levels and lower MMP7 expression. Exogenously expressing CTNND1 alleviated these effects. In summary, we are the first to reveal that miR-96-5p inhibits the proliferative, invasive and migratory phenotypes of BCa cells the targeting of CTNND1 and subsequent Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These data highlight miR-96-5p as a novel target for BC treatment.
Cellular pattern of photosynthetic gene expression in developing maize leaves. (1988)

Leaf development in C4 plants such as maize involves the differentiation of two photosynthetic cell types [bundle sheath (BS) and mesophyll (M)] to form Kranz-type leaf anatomy. This cellular dimorphism partitions photosynthetic activities so that each enzyme of the C4 pathway accumulates only in the appropriate cell type. We have exploited this property to study BS and M cell interactions in developing maize leaves. Our previous studies showed that C4 proteins appear concurrently with the appearance of Kranz anatomy. To look at earlier events in BS and M cell development we have used three of the corresponding C4 mRNAs as cell-specific markers. We have followed, in situ, the accumulation of malic enzyme (ME), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) mRNAs in developing leaves of both normal and mutant argentia (ar) maize. We have isolated a partial cDNA clone for maize ME to examine ME mRNA expression. We show that throughout the development of light-grown seedlings, all three mRNAs accumulate in a cell-specific fashion in both normal and ar leaves. The pattern of C4 mRNA accumulation longitudinally along the veins, laterally across the leaf, and locally around individual veins reveals the spatial and temporal sequence of BS and M cell development. BS cell-specific mRNAs accumulate around developing veins before Kranz anatomy is evident morphologically. Our analysis of the ar mutant, in which C4 mRNA appearance is delayed relative to the appearance of Kranz anatomy, demonstrates first that BS and M cells develop in clusters across the leaf blade and second that BS cells surrounding any individual vein are activated asynchronously. We discuss our results in relation to models and mechanisms of BS and M cell development.
Investigation of algorithms for the reliable classification of fluorescently labeled plastics (2012)

The recycling of plastics greatly contributes to the preservation of the natural resource oil and the reduction of the flow of plastic waste to our overflowing landfills. Plastic recycling is highly attractive not only environmentally, but also from an economic point of view. As a result, a rapidly growing interest in plastic recycling technologies exists. An important requirement for high-quality recycling products is the high purity of the recycled material which makes an automated, reliable identification and sorting process of different plastics indispensable. We propose to label the different plastic resins using n fluorescent markers in a way such that unique spectral signatures are generated and thereby avoid the known drawbacks of existing plastic sorting methods. These markers must neither change the properties nor the visual appearance of the plastic parts and are thus to be incorporated with concentrations of only a few ppm on a molecular level during manufacture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the classification performance as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the computational load of 5 algorithms known to be successfully applied to other applications plus a novel approach when using 4 specific fluorescence markers currently at our disposal. With a simple binary coding scheme 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> -1 = 15 different fluorescence emission spectra can be generated which represent 15 different sorts of fluorescently labeled plastics. These investigations shall help optimize the overall measurement system with regard to e.g. the fluorescence excitation source and optical sensors, the spectral shape of the fluorescence emissions and hence the design of more fluorescence markers, etc.
Gender classification from unconstrained video sequences (2010)

This paper presents the first investigation into the classification of faces from unconstrained video sequences in natural scenes, i.e., with arbitrary poses, facial expressions, occlusions, illumination conditions and motion blur. To overcome difficulties from individual frames, a novel Bayesian formulation is proposed to estimate the posterior probability of a face trait at a specific time, conditional on features identified in previous frames of a video sequence. A Markov model is used to represent temporal dependencies, and classification involves determining the maximum a posteriori class at a given time. Showing the robustness of the proposed system, the Bayesian framework is first trained on a database collected under controlled conditions, and then applied to the previously unseen faces obtained from an unconstrained video database. The Markovian temporal model results in a gender classification rate of 90% by the last video frame, and is shown to outperform alternative approaches previously introduced in the literature.
Effect of dielectric thin films on reflection properties of metal hole arrays (2010)

We study the effect of a dielectric film attached to the surface of a metal hole array (MHA) on the reflection spectrum in the terahertz (THz) region. The frequency of the reflection dip, attributed to the excitation of surface waves in the vicinity of the MHA surface, shifts to lower frequencies with increasing dielectric film thickness. This resonant characteristic of MHAs can be applied to highly sensitive THz sensing for samples attached to the MHA surface. We also investigate the dependence of the reflection spectrum on the MHA’s thickness and the side to which the dielectric film is attached.
Vacuolar H+-Translocating Pyrophosphatase Is Induced by Anoxia or Chilling in Seedlings of Rice (1995)

The present study was undertaken to determine whether vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) might replace vacuolar H(+)-ATPase under energy stress due to anoxia or chilling in anoxia-tolerant species such as rice (Oryza sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.). The relative transcript level of V-PPase in rice seedlings, like that of alcohol dehydrogenase 1, increased greatly under anoxia and declined again when the seedlings were returned to air. However, the distribution of transcripts in root, shoot, and seed differed somewhat from that of alcohol dehydrogenase 1. Immunoreactive V-PPase protein and V-PPase enzyme specific activity in a tonoplast fraction from rice seedlings increased progressively with time of anoxia or chilling at 10 degrees C, showing a 75-fold increase after 6 d of anoxia, compared with a 2-fold increase of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase activity. When the seedlings were returned to air, the specific activity returned to its initial level within 2 d. After 6 d of chilling at 10 degrees C, V-PPase specific activity reached a level 20-fold of that at 25 degrees C. In microsomes of corn roots, V-PPase specific activity did not respond to anoxia but was constitutively high. It is proposed that V-PPase can be an important element in the survival strategies of plants under hypoxic or chilling stress.
Radiation therapy for neoplasms of the brain (1987)

The effectiveness and complications of radiation therapy for brain neoplasms are reviewed. While the available data suggest a favorable influence and outcome, randomized studies are needed to further optimize radiation therapy techniques and to integrate new therapeutic modalities.
microRNAs in Inflammation (2009)

microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate protein-coding genes via posttranscriptional repression. Most protein-coding genes are subjected to microRNA-mediated regulation, making the potential effect of these small molecules on regulatory networks enormous. Recent research has implicated miRNAs in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses as well as inflammatory networks in various cell and tissue types. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about miRNAs in immunity and inflammation, focusing on the recent results on miRNAs involved in the regulation of immune responses and inflammatory diseases.
Comparison of Quality of Life Following Laparoscopic and Open Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer (2003)

While general health related quality of life was not impaired, sexual quality of life was diminished by surgery. Patients were generally satisfied with postoperative urinary status. Although patients who underwent laparoscopic prostatectomy expressed a more favorable attitude toward surgery, there was no significant difference in quality of life at 6 months after surgery between the 2 groups.
African American Living-Kidney Donors Should Be Screened for APOL1 Risk Alleles (2011)

The adjusted rate of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) among African Americans is markedly increased relative to European Americans. African Americans are overrepresented on the kidney transplantation waiting list and experience longer wait times. In aggregate, these pressures drive recommendations for living donor transplantation. Genovese et al. recently implicated the APOL1 gene in ESKD risk among African Americans (Genovese et al. Science 2010; 329: 841). The presence of two APOL1 risk alleles doubles the relative risk for ESKD; moreover, the alleles are prevalent among African Americans. We propose a strategy for screening for the presence of APOL1 risk alleles among African American living kidney donors and for living-related donors for African American recipients.
2,4-Dinitro-1-naphthyl 4-toluenesulfonate (2008)

In the title compound, C(17)H(12)N(2)O(7)S, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the naphthyl plane is 26.34 (6)°. The nitro groups make dihedral angles of 40.09 (4) and 37.05 (3)° with the naphthyl plane. In the crystal structure, weak intra- and inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions are observed.
Stand der Sicherheitsforschung und Risikoabschätzung zu allgemeinen Risiken (2001)

Zur Zeit sind in der EU nur einige gentechnisch veränderte Pflanzen auf dem Markt, die als Lebens- oder Futtermittel genutzt werden. Dazu zählen vor allem insekten-resistenter Mais, sowie Sojabohnen und Raps mit Herbizidresistenzgenen (RKI, 1999). Berücksichtigt man auch die gentechnisch veränderten Pflanzen, die in den USA und Kanada in Verkehr gebracht wurden, so erweitert sich das Spektrum um Tomaten mit verändertem Reifeprozeß, insektenresistente Tomaten und Kartoffeln, virusresistente Kartoffeln, Kürbisse und Papaya, herbizidresistente Zuckerrüben und Reis sowie Raps und Sojabohnen mit verändertem Ölprofil (APHIS, 2000).
Silver Nanoparticles/Montmorillonite Composites Prepared Using Nitrating Reagent at Water and Glycerol (2008)

Three procedures (P) were applied to prepare silver nanoparticles on natural Ca-montmorillonite (MT). The intercalation of the montmorillonite with silver nitrate in aqueous solution (P1), the intercalation of the montmorillonite with silver nitrate in glycerol (P2) and the successive combination of both P1 and P2 methods resulted to P3 method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the molecular modeling were employed to characterize silver nanoparticles and montmorillonite nanocomposite. The P1 produced MT-1 composite with 2.3 wt% Ag and the partially collapsed layered structure. Nanoparticles of silver larger than 20 nm with a lot of planar defects were randomly distributed on the MT-1 surface; nanoparticles smaller than 20 nm were oriented to the montmorillonite substrate. The MT-2 composite from P2 contained only 1 wt% of Ag. The molecular simulation model of MT-2 showed the interlayer space with the exchangeable cations and metallic silver atoms arrangement within the glycerol bilayer. The P3 produced composite MT-3 that contained 2.4 wt% Ag. The nanoparticles > 20 nm size had a well-defined geometry, very small nanoparticles were amorphous. The modeled structure showed the exchangeable cations, Ag+ and Ag0 located close to the silicate layers and monolayer of glycerol molecules in the interlayer space.
Introduce reward-based intelligent vehicles communication using blockchain (2017)

The Intelligent vehicle (IV) is experiencing revolutionary growth in research and industry, but it still suffers from many security vulnerabilities. Traditio nal security methods are incapable to provide secure IV communication. The major issues in IV communication are trust, data accuracy and reliability of communicatio n data in the communication channel. Blockchain technology works for the crypto currency, Bit-coin, which is recently used to build trust and reliability in peer-to-peer networks having similar topologies as IV Communication. In this paper, we introduce an Intelligent Vehicle-Trust Point (IV-TP) mechanism for IV communication among IVs using Blockchain technology. The IVs communicated data provides security and reliability using our proposed IV-TP. This IV-TP mechanism introduced in the paper provides trustworthiness for vehicles behavior, and vehicles legal and illegalaction. The introduced reward-based system is an exchange of some IV-TP among IVs, during successful communication.
Variable density compressed sensing in MRI. Theoretical vs heuristic sampling strategies (2013)

The structure of Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) and especially their compressibility in an appropriate representation basis enables the application of the compressive sensing theory, which guarantees exact image recovery from incomplete measurements. According to recent theoretical results on the reconstruction guarantees, a near optimal strategy is to down-sample the k-space using an independent drawing of the acquisition basis entries. Here, we first bring a novel answer to the synthesis problem, which amounts to deriving the optimal distribution (according to a given criterion) from which the data should be sampled. Then, given that the sparsity hypothesis is not fulfilled in the low frequency band in MRI, we extend this approach by densely sampling this center and drawing the remaining samples from the optimal distribution. We compare this theoretical approach to heuristic strategies, and show that the proposed two-stage process drastically improves reconstruction results on anatomical MRI.