gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potentials and Pitfalls of Integrating Data From Diverse Sources: Lessons from a Historical Database for Great Lakes Stream Fishes (2001)

opment of databases bringing together scientific information from diverse sources. The enthusiasm has arisen for at least three reasons. First, scientists and resource managers recognize that databases are valuable for making scientifically-defensible decisions regarding fish stocks and their environment. Second, database approaches can increase the integrity and consistency of the data, encourage data sharing among researchers with different areas of expertise, and facilitate the transfer of data among different application programs used for analysis (Harvey and Press 1996). Third, developments in statistics, such as meta-analysis, are improving greatly our ability to summarize what has been done, to examine questions at broader spatial, temporal, and taxonomic scales, and to plan future research (e.g., Osenberg et al. 1999). These developments mean that scientists and resource managers whose primary training may emphasize skills in fisheries management, fish ecology, environmental issues, and policy making, will be asked more frequently to be involved in the construction or management of large databases, or to contribute data or funds to them. On one hand, this is desirable because fisheries scientists are likely to be “closer” to the data and methods of collection, and therefore can improve the quality of the design and analysis of the database (Van Alstyne et al. 1995). On the other hand, this can be problematic if the scientists are unfamiliar with database design and management. Indeed, in some
Protein Scaffold and Expression Level Determine Antiviral Activity of Membrane-Anchored Antiviral Peptides (2009)

Cell membrane-anchored (ma) antiviral peptides derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat of the HIV-1 transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 (C-peptides) and expressed from retroviral vectors were shown to efficiently inhibit HIV-1 entry into target cells. Here, we analyzed the influence of the vector backbone, the scaffold modules that anchor the peptide to the membrane and the length of the C-peptide on expression level and antiviral activity. In general, antiviral activity was determined primarily by the density of the C-peptide on the cell surface. By influencing expression levels, the scaffold elements indirectly also determined antiviral activity. Additional direct effects of the scaffold on antiviral activity were minor. At comparable expression levels, the elongated C-peptide (maC46) was found to be more potent than the shorter maC36. On the basis of these findings, a dose-response assay was established that quantifies antiviral activity relative to the expression level of the antiviral gene product. Taken together, these data demonstrate the importance of analyzing the efficacy of therapeutic genes relative to the dose of the gene product.
Investigative journalism methods in educational evaluation (1982)

Abstract Investigative journalism strategies can add a significant qualitative dimension to a variety of evaluation efforts.
Observation of Coherent Oscillation of a Single Nuclear Spin and Realization of a Two-Qubit Conditional Quantum Gate (2004)

Rabi nutations of a single nuclear spin in a solid have been observed. The experiments were carried out on a single electron and a single 13C nuclear spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy defect center in diamond. The system was used for implementation of quantum logical NOT and a conditional two-qubit gate (CROT). Density matrix tomography of the CROT gate shows that the gate fidelity achieved in our experiments is up to 0.9, good enough to be used in quantum algorithms.
Design and Synthesis of a Maximally Diverse and Druglike Screening Library Using REM Resin Methodology (2001)

A 3042 compound screening library was synthesized using a combination of two solid-phase technologies: REM resin methodology and Lewis acid promoted aminolysis. The exclusivity and structural diversity of the library were enhanced by using a highly divergent synthetic strategy involving 13 different scaffolds (9 of which were custom-made), five different types of resin-bound phenol derivatization chemistry (Mitsunobu, Suzuki, acylation, sulfonylation, and carbamoylation), and three different cleavage strategies (Hofmann elimination, AlCl(3)-promoted aminolysis, base-promoted esterolysis). This is the first example of a solid-phase Suzuki coupling involving a resin-bound aryl triflate being used for library synthesis. Computational analysis suggested that the compounds are likely to have favorable properties for CNS penetration. Analysis of the library by HPLC and MS suggested at least 90% of the sampled members were present in an average purity of approximately 70%. Encouragingly, hits have been identified from high-throughput screening of this library, such as compound 6, which has an affinity of 1.02 microM for the GlyT(2) transporter.
Multiple Monochromators IV A Triple Monochromator and Its Application to Near Infrared, Visible, and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (1953)

The method described previously has been used to convert a conventional monochromator to a triple monochromator, and spectra in the near infrared, visible, and ultraviolet have been recorded to illustrate the performance of the instrument in these regions. A limitation to the use of this method for measuring visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra is the noise caused by the relatively large intensity of unmodulated light of unwanted orders falling on the photomultiplier at the same time as the third-order modulated radiation which it is desired to record. Various ways are suggested for overcoming this difficulty.
Nitrogen Application in Winter Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Conditions: Effects on Nitrogen Uptake, Utilization Efficiency, and Soil Nitrogen Deficit (2007)

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is one of the most growth restricting nutrients in cereal grain and represents one of the highest input costs in agricultural systems; therefore, environmental and economic considerations require the effective use of N fertilizer in plant production. This study was conducted for three years to better understand wheat plant response to optimize N fertilizer and how to reduce the risk of ground water pollution. Two of the most important durum wheat cultivars in Southern Italy and four N fertilization levels (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha− 1, indicated as N0, N60, N120, and N180, respectively) were compared in this experiment. During plant growth, fresh and dry matter, plant nutritional state (SPAD readings and stem nitrate content), and N uptake were determined. At harvest, plant N content, N uptake, grain yield, yield components and quality were determined, allowing the calculation of the pre- and postanthesis N uptake and the N utilization efficiency indices. Furthermore, at the beginning and at the end of each year, soil mineral N was measured to calculate mineral N deficit in the soil. The results indicated that the treatment with 120 kg N ha− 1 of fertilizer ensures a good balance between yield and N utilization. In fact, N180 and N120 showed similar yield (3.01 and 3.07 t ha− 1, respectively) and protein content (13.7 and 13.5 %). Meanwhile, throughout the three-year experiment, N180 presented the highest final mineral N content in the soil at the end of the cropping cycles, increasing the amount of N available for leaching. The N120 treatment showed the same values of N utilization indices as compared to N180, indicating that further doses of N fertilizer did not increase wheat N utilization. Plant N status shows that it is possible to modify the N fertilization to reach its optimum level during plant growth, in accordance with variable weather conditions, and consequently the plants requirements. The mean treatments of the preanthesis N uptake were about 67.5% of the total N uptake, and it was significantly and positively correlated with wheat yield. On the contrary, the postanthesis N uptake showed positive correlation with grain protein content, confirming the importance of late N supply in grains quality. The variation of weather conditions affected winter wheat yield, quality, N utilization and plant N status, but any difference throughout years was found between N180 and N120, confirming that higher N rate did not influence wheat growth, yield, and N uptake.
Reducing Travelling Costs and Player Fatigue in the National Basketball Association (1980)

The costs of the current National Basketball Association (NBA) schedule have had deleterious effects on the financial position of the league. The 22 teams travel an unnecessary number of airline miles, resulting in increased fatigue for the players and dollar losses to the owners. We have considered several optimization methods to lower the total number of passenger miles the league travels. We have succeeded in developing efficient schedules, by a combination of these techniques, for the 1978–1979 and 1979–1980 seasons. These schedules satisfy the league's constraints and would have led to savings of $757,000 or 20.4% over the NBA's current schedule. The NBA is considering our proposal to schedule the 1980–1981 and 1981–1982 seasons.
Construction of Plant Expression Vectors Containing Binary Insect Resistance Genes Bt CryIA(a)-pta or Bt CryIA(c)-pta and their Expression in Transgenic Tobaccos (2004)

Plant expression vectors p3300 CryIA(a) pta and p3300 CryIA(c) pta with binary insect resistance genes were constructed by inserting expression cassettes of CryIA(a) gene or CryIA(c) which were cut from pGEM 4zf plasmids with restriction enzyme HindⅢand pta gene expression cassette obtained by PCR method into HindⅢand SmaⅠsites of pCAMBIA3300 respectively, which also contains bar gene cassette encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT). The CryIA(a) or CryIA(c) genes were under the control of Ubiquitin promoter and NOS terminator and the pta gene was under the control of CaMV 35S promoter and NOS terminator respectively. Leaf discs of Nicotiana tobacco were infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 containing these plant expression vectors. Phosphinothricin resistant plants from individual transformation events were obtained and PCR checking confirmed the integration of foreign genes.
Fatigue: a practical approach to diagnosis in primary care (2006)

The case: A previously well 36-year old woman taking no medications presented to her primary care physician's office with a complaint of unusual generalized fatigue. It had progressed over 8 months, was exacerbated by physical and mental activities and was not relieved by rest. The patient had a
Role of T7 Heat Treating on the Dimensional Stability of Automotive A319 Al Alloys (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Alloy A319 is extensively used in the automotive industry. In the as-cast condition the alloy lacks the required strength. A solid solution heat treatment (T4) followed by room temperature quenching improves tensile strength. Accordingly, engine castings in T4 condition are used in the manufacture of automobiles. However, A319 alloy is not thermodynamically stable after solid solution. The matrix is supersaturated with Cu, and a precipitation sequence is expected to occur overtime, which leads to dimensional changes. Alternatively, an aging treatment (T7) can activate the precipitation reactions to achieve dimensional stability in castings. In this work, dilatometric measurements were made during a T7 heat treatment in order to establish the extent of dimensional changes, resulting from the precipitation reactions. In addition, high-resolution electron microscopy was used to follow up the precipitation reactions.</div>
Mechanical unfolding of single filamin A (ABP‐280) molecules detected by atomic force microscopy (2001)

Filamin A (ABP-280), which is an actin-binding protein of 560 kDa as a dimer, can, together with actin filaments, produce an isotropic cross-linked three-dimensional network (actin/filamin A gel) that plays an important role in mechanical responses of cells in processes such as maintenance of membrane stability and translational locomotion. In this study, we investigated the mechanical properties of single filamin A molecules using atomic force microscopy. In force-extension curves, we observed sawtooth patterns corresponding to the unfolding of individual immunoglobulin (Ig)-fold domains of filamin A. At a pulling speed of 0.37 microm/s, the unfolding interval was sharply distributed around 30 nm, while the unfolding force ranged from 50 to 220 pN. This wide distribution of the unfolding force can be explained by variation in values of activation energy and the width of activation barrier of 24 Ig-fold domains of the filamin A at the unfolding transition. This unfolding can endow filamin A with great extensibility. The refolding of the unfolded chain of filamin A occurred when the force applied to the protein was reduced to near zero, indicating that its unfolding is reversible. Based on these results, we discuss here the physiological implications of the mechanical properties of single filamin A molecules.
Detecting and tracking eyes by using their physiological properties, dynamics, and appearance (2002)

Reliable detection and tracking of eyes is an important requirement for attentive user interfaces. In this paper, we present a methodology for detecting eyes robustly in indoor environments in real-time. We exploit the physiological properties and appearance of eyes as well as head/eye motion dynamics. Infrared lighting is used to capture the physiological properties of eyes, Kalman trackers are used to model eye/head dynamics, and a probabilistic based appearance model is used to represent eye appearance. By combining three separate modalities, with specific enhancements within each modality, our approach allows eyes to be treated as robust features that can be used for other higher-level processing.
Focus on agomelatine (2011)

Agomelatine is a useful and novel addition to the range of avialble antidepressants. Longer term post-marketing studies as to the effects of chronic exposure are required.
Window in preston grammar school, Lancs (1940)

Journal Article Window in preston grammar school, Lancs Get access Daphne Drake Daphne Drake Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 178, Issue 20, 18 May 1940, Page 357, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/178.20.357b Published: 18 May 1940
Multicore Optical Fibres For Sensors (1986)

A review of present status and some future trends in single-mode and multimode-multicore optical fibres (MOFs) for sensors, buses and instrumentation applications is presented, Among the fibres, components, systems and problems to be aisc.Assed are: three and four core quasi monomode fibres, some characteristics of interaction of MOFs with external physical fields, a new kind of t2,tnomission called Core Division Multiplexing (CDM) and sensitivity of MOF based optical fibre interferometers, Performance characteristics of the different MOF based devices are summarized and compared.System requirements and some future trends are also presented and debated.
In vivo testing of the protection of gloves against acrylates in dentin‐bondingsystems on patients with known contact allergy to acrylates (1999)

Occupational contact allergies to dental acrylates are increasing. Commonly used gloves protect poorly against acrylates. The protective efficacy in vivo of other, newer glove materials is not fully known. In this study, an open chamber system was used for testing the protection in vivo of 6 different gloves (1 vinyl glove, 2 latex gloves, 2 nitrile gloves and the 4H glove) against a commonly used dental adhesive, Scotchbond 1, containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TREGDMA). 8 patients with known contact allergy to 2-HEMA participated. Provocation with 50 microl of the adhesive for 7.5, 15 and 30 min was performed for each glove. The test demonstrated clear differences in the protective efficacy between the gloves. The 4H glove gave by far the best protection, followed by one of the nitrile gloves. One of the latex gloves and the vinyl glove gave a very poor protection against the adhesive. A dose-response relationship was observed between different application times of the acrylate product. The test model promises to be a useful clinical complement to in vitro methods in individual preventive measures against contact sensitization to acrylates.
Protein partitioning at the isoelectric point: Influence of polymer molecular weight and concentration and protein size (1991)

We report the partition coefficient, K(p') at the isoelectric point of lysozyme, chymotrypsinogen A, albumin, transferrin, and catalase in 64 different polyethylene(PEG)/ dextran(Dx)/water systems. We study the trends of the partition coefficient with protein type, polymer concentration, and polymer molecular weight. We find that the partition coefficient decreases with increasing tie line length for lysozyme, albumin, transferrin, and catalase for which K(p) is less than 1, but increases for chymotrysinogen for which K(p) is larger than 1. The effect of the tie line length on the partition coefficient is larger for the large proteins than for the small proteins. The partition coefficient decreases with increasing protein molecular weight except for lysozyme suggesting that lysozyme is present as a dimer or a trimer. The partition coefficient decreases with increasing PEG molecular weight, but the magnitude of the increase is larger for the smaller PEG molecular eights and tends to level of at high PEG molecular weight. The partition coefficient increases with increasing dextran (Dx) molecular weight for chymotrypsinogen but decreases for catalase. The partition coefficients of lysozyme, albumin, and transferrin increase with increasing Dx molecular weight from Dx 10(4) to Dx 1.1 x 10(5) and then slightly decrease from Dx 1.1 x 10(5) to Dx 5 x 10(5). The experimental results are analyzed using a statistical thermodynamics model. The experimental results are analyzed using a statistical thermodynamics model. The experiments suggest that protein partitioning at the isoelectric point in aqueous two-phase systems is strongly related to the size of the proteins and polymers. Finally, the impossibility of obtaining data completely independent of polymer concentration is emphasized.
Target Genes, Consensus Binding Site, and Role of Phosphorylation for the Response Regulator MtrA of<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (2010)

The two-component signal transduction system consisting of the sensor kinase MtrB and the response regulator MtrA is highly conserved in corynebacteria and mycobacteria. Whereas mtrA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was reported to be essential, we recently succeeded in creating ΔmtrAB and ΔmtrA deletion mutants of Corynebacterium glutamicum and provided evidence that mepA and nlpC, both encoding putative cell wall peptidases, are directly repressed by MtrA, whereas proP and betP, both encoding carriers for compatible solutes, are directly activated by MtrA. In the present study, novel MtrA target genes were identified, including mepB, encoding another putative cell wall peptidase. The repressor or activator functions of MtrA correlate with the distance between the MtrA binding site and the transcriptional start site. From the identified binding sites within 20 target promoters, a 19-bp MtrA consensus motif was derived which represents a direct repeat of 8 base pairs separated by 3 base pairs. Gene expression of a strain containing MtrA with a D53N mutation instead of wild-type MtrA resembled that of a ΔmtrA mutant, indicating that MtrA is active in its phosphorylated form. This result was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays with phosphorylated MtrA which showed an increased binding affinity.
High antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from sage by supercritical co<sub>2</sub> extraction (1991)

Abstract The ethanolic extract of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) was separated into five fractions through reextraction with supercritical CO 2 . Further fractionation of the most active antioxidant fractions by means of liquid chromatography, with silicic acid as absorbent, yielded 2H‐10,4α‐(epoxy methano)‐phenantren‐12‐one‐1,3,4,9,10,10αhexahydro‐5, 6‐dihydroxy‐9α‐ethoxy‐1,1‐dimethyl‐7‐(1methylethy), (rosmanol‐9‐ethyl ether). The same compound was isolated from the alcoholic extract of the hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.). Rosmanol‐9‐ethyl ether was shown to be one of the active antioxidant components in sage and hyssop, with activity much greater than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
Fault Detection Of Drinking Water Treatment Process Using Pca And Hotelling'S T2 Chart (2009)

This paper deals with the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Hotelling-s T2 Chart, using data collected from a drinking water treatment process. PCA is applied primarily for the dimensional reduction of the collected data. The Hotelling-s T2 control chart was used for the fault detection of the process. The data was taken from a United Utilities Multistage Water Treatment Works downloaded from an Integrated Program Management (IPM) dashboard system. The analysis of the results show that Multivariate Statistical Process Control (MSPC) techniques such as PCA, and control charts such as Hotelling-s T2, can be effectively applied for the early fault detection of continuous multivariable processes such as Drinking Water Treatment. The software package SIMCA-P was used to develop the MSPC models and Hotelling-s T2 Chart from the collected data.
An orthogonal genetic algorithm for multimedia multicast routing (1999)

Many multimedia communication applications require a source to send multimedia information to multiple destinations through a communication network. To support these applications, it is necessary to determine a multicast tree of minimal cost to connect the source node to the destination nodes subject to delay constraints on multimedia communication. This problem is known as multimedia multicast routing and has been proved to be NP-complete. The paper proposes an orthogonal genetic algorithm for multimedia multicast routing. Its salient feature is to incorporate an experimental design method called orthogonal design into the crossover operation. As a result, it can search the solution space in a statistically sound manner and it is well suited for parallel implementation and execution. We execute the orthogonal genetic algorithm to solve two sets of benchmark test problems. The results indicate that for practical problem sizes, the orthogonal genetic algorithm can find near optimal solutions within moderate numbers of generations.
The Body (2002)

Abstract Shields begins the investigation of the practical application of homonymy by considering the principle use of discrete, seductive homonymy; the body, for Aristotle, is a discreet homonym. Aristotle's appeals to homonymy in serious philosophical contexts are appeals to discrete homonymy, because these are patently non‐univocal. Shields argues that homonymy in this context is a defensible application of homonymy, and furthermore it arms Aristotle against serious objections of the hylomorphic analysis of soul–body relations. The homonymy principle is also compatible with a functionalist interpretation of Aristotle's philosophy of mind.