gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirements for modulator-integrated DFB LD's for penalty-free 2.5-Gb/s transmission (1995)

Wavelength chirp of modulator-integrated distributed-feedback laser diodes (DFB LD's) is governed by device parameters such as the modulator facet reflectivity, isolation resistance, grating coupling factor, and differential gain. We determined values of these parameters necessary for ensuring penalty-free 2.5-Gb/s transmission over at least 80-km of standard fiber. The influences of the device parameters on wavelength chirp behavior and 2.5-Gb/s data transmission performance are investigated using a new method of characterizing wavelength chirp. By transmitting light from the LD while modulating the modulator, we can determine the light intensity fluctuation after the transmission caused by wavelength chirp. This intensity fluctuation ratio (/spl Delta/I/I) is used to monitor the wavelength chirp. We use integrated devices which satisfy all these requirements, and which are grown by selective metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), to demonstrate penalty-free 2.5-Gb/s transmission, even over 120-km of standard fiber.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chua's circuit family (1987)

Chaos has been widely reported and studied using Chua's circuit. This tutorial paper presents a generalization of this well-known chaotic circuit into a hugh 6-parameter family of potentially chaotic circuits, henceforth referred to a Chua's Circuit Family. The highlight of this tutorial consists of a collection of three-dimensional phase portraits associated with two representative members of this family. These phase portraits show how the associated vector fields evolve from order into chaos.
Phylogenetic analysis of Xanthomonas species by comparison of partial gyrase B gene sequences (2007)

The genus Xanthomonas currently comprises 27 species with validly published names that are important crop and horticultural pathogens. We have constructed a phylogram from alignment of gyrase B (gyrB) sequences for all xanthomonad species, both to indicate inter-species relatedness and as an aid for rapid and accurate species-level identification. The phylogeny indicated a monophyletic group, with X. albilineans and X. sacchari as the most ancestral species. Three species, X. hyacinthi, X. translucens and X. theicola, formed an early-branching group. Three clades were supported by high bootstrap values: group 1 comprised X. cucurbitae, X. cassavae and X. codiaei; group 2 comprised X. arboricola, X. campestris, X. populi, X. hortorum, X. gardneri and X. cynarae; group 3 contained the remaining species, within which two further clades, supported by a 100 % bootstrap value, were identified. Group 3A comprised X. axonopodis, X. euvesicatoria, X. perforans and X. melonis, together with X. alfalfae, X. citri and X. fuscans, whose names were recently validly published. Group 3B contained the monocot pathogens X. vasicola and X. oryzae. Two recently identified species, X. cynarae and X. gardneri, were poorly discriminated and were related closely to X. hortorum. Three species, X. perforans, X. euvesicatoria and X. alfalfae, had identical gyrB sequences. Partial sequencing of a further five genes from these species found only minor sequence differences that confirmed their close relatedness. Although branch lengths between species varied, indicating different degrees of genetic distinctiveness, the majority (n=21) were well-differentiated, indicating the utility of the method as an identification tool, and we now use this method for routine diagnosis of xanthomonad species.
An integrated microfluidic processor for single nucleotide polymorphism-based DNA computing (2005)

An integrated microfluidic processor is developed that performs molecular computations using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as binary bits. A complete population of fluorescein-labeled DNA "answers" is synthesized containing three distinct polymorphic bases; the identity of each base (A or T) is used to encode the value of a binary bit (TRUE or FALSE). Computation and readout occur by hybridization to complementary capture DNA oligonucleotides bound to magnetic beads in the microfluidic device. Beads are loaded into sixteen capture chambers in the processor and suspended in place by an external magnetic field. Integrated microfluidic valves and pumps circulate the input DNA population through the bead suspensions. In this example, a program consisting of a series of capture/rinse/release steps is executed and the DNA molecules remaining at the end of the computation provide the solution to a three-variable, four-clause Boolean satisfiability problem. The improved capture kinetics, transfer efficiency, and single-base specificity enabled by microfluidics make our processor well-suited for performing larger-scale DNA computations.
The Clinical Chemist (1973)

Journal Article The Clinical Chemist Get access J S King, Jr. J S King, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 19, Issue 3, 1 March 1973, Pages 345–351, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/19.3.345 Published: 01 March 1973
Antigenic phenotypes common to rat oval cells, primary hepatocellular carcinomas and developing bile ducts (1997)

The shared expression of monoclonal antibody-defined antigens by oval cells and by bile ducts, neoplastic nodules and primary hepatocellular carcinomas (PHC) has provided support for the ability of oval cells to undergo differentiation along ductular or hepatocyte lineages and/or to progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. With the aim of obtaining additional insight into this process, we have combined serial section and double labeling immunofluorescence analysis to determine if phenotypes expressed in vitro by four rat oval cell lines and the H5D.61 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and in situ by ethionine-induced primary hepatocellular carcinomas reproduce antigenic patterns occurring during normal liver development. Analysis using monoclonal antibodies specific for the oval cell antigens OV6 and OC.2 and hepatocyte markers HBD.1 and H.4 defined subpopulations in four oval cell lines and neoplastic hepatocytes in PHC and H5D.61 with OC.2-/OV6+ and OC.2+/OV6+ phenotypes. Cells with an OC2+/OV6- phenotype were rarely observed in cell lines or primary tumors. In contrast, areas composed of OV6+/H.4+ cells were frequently found in PHC. Examination of fetal and neonatal rat livers demonstrated the stage-specific appearance of three of these phenotypes during liver development. The OC.2+/OV6- phenotype appeared transiently prior to embryonic day (ED) 18 in a subpopulation of HBD.1+ hepatoblasts. OV6 expression was first detected at ED18 on developing bile ducts that were negative for OC.2. These newly formed ducts rapidly acquired OC.2, starting with ducts in the hilar region and spreading outward towards the periphery. This OC.2 expression gradient persisted in the newborn rat liver but became more skewed towards doubly positive cells, with OC.2-/OV6+ cells being found primarily in the periphery. Hepatocytes expressing both OV6 and H.4 were not observed in fetal liver but appeared in neonatal liver in close proximity to OV6+ interlobular ducts. From these findings, it was concluded that oval cells and PHC display phenotypes representing normal stages in liver development, suggesting that oval cells and cells within ethionine-induced PHC are capable of initiating but are unable to complete pathways of hepatocytic or biliary differentiation.
Collaborating to create: The Internet as a platform for customer engagement in product innovation (2005)

In the networked world, firms are recognizing the power of the Internet as a platform for co-creating value with customers. We focus on how the Internet has impacted the process of collaborative innovation&mdash;a key process in value co-creation. We outline the distinctive capabilities of the Internet as a platform for customer engagement, including interactivity, enhanced reach, persistence, speed, and flexibility, and suggest that firms can use these capabilities to engage customers in collaborative product innovation through a variety of Internet-based mechanisms. We discuss how these mechanisms can facilitate collaborative innovation at different stages of the New Product Development process (back end vs. front end stages) and for differing levels of customer involvement (high reach vs. high richness). We present two detailed exploratory case studies to illustrate the integrated and systematic usage of Internet-based collaborative innovation mechanisms&mdash;Ducati from the motorbike industry and Eli Lilly from the pharmaceutical industry. We derive implications for managerial practice and academic research on collaborative innovation.
Liposome-Mediated Delivery of Radionuclides to Tumor Models for Cancer Radiotherapy: A Quantitative Analysis (1999)

Towards the design of therapeutically effective liposome-radionuclide conjugates, the predominant focus should rest with the ability of such modalities to efficiently target tumor sites and thus selectively deliver cytotoxic levels of radiation doses. For this reason analytic dosimetric calculations were carried out to quantitatively examine the critical physical parameters for the potential clinical application of radionuclide-liposome conjugates in internal radiotherapy. The radiodosimetric model employed followed the mathematical formalism of the MIRD (Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee) scheme. Analytic pharmacokinetic functions for a variety of liposome constructs coupled with the radiation properties of three of the most promising particle emitting radionuclides: Cu-67, Re-188, At-211 and the most widely used in the clinic 1-131, were used as input information to the model developed. Results are presented in the form of radiation absorbed doses and tumor-to-normal-tissue radiation ratios. It is concluded that liposome-mediated radionuclide tumor targeting for radiotherapy is certainly promising, and critically dependent on the optimal matching between radionuclide half-life and the time range when the tumor-to-(critical)organ liposome accumulation ratios become maximal. Liposome-mediated chemotherapy (drug targeting) is also comparatively discussed demonstrating the predominant importance of “timing factors” in the case of radiotherapeutic (radionuclide targeting) applications.
Atomic layer deposition of metal fluorides through oxide chemistry (2011)

In this paper, we report on the atomic layer deposition of magnesium, calcium and lanthanum fluorides utilising two different approaches with hexafluoroacetylacetonate as a fluorine source. The first approach is based on the reaction of fluorinated metal precursors with a strong oxygen source. A deposition rate of 0.3 Å per cycle was obtained when calcium hexafluoroacetylacetonate (Ca(hfac)2) was used as a metal precursor and ozone as a second reactant at 300 °C. From Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) measurements, the film stoichiometry was determined to be CaF2.17 with less than 5 atomic% of oxygen. The second and more feasible approach is based on metal oxide formation from traditional nonfluorinated β-diketonate type metal precursors and an oxygen source, followed by fluorination using hexafluoroacetylacetonate (Hhfac) and ozone. The MgF2, CaF2 and LaF3 thin films prepared using this method showed refractive indices of 1.429, 1.472 and 1.687, respectively. The oxygen content of these films was below the detection limit of the RBS, which is 2 at%.
Polarisation-insensitive, near-travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifiers at 1.5 µm (1989)

A polarisation-insensitive, near-travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier (TWSLA) is presented. Polarisation sensitivity of less than 1 dB is demonstrated. We believe this to be the lowest reported polarisation sensitivity for a TWSLA. In addition, the saturated output power is in excess of 5.2 dBm.
An area efficient on-chip hybrid voltage regulator (2012)

Experimental results of an active filter based on-chip hybrid voltage converter are described in this paper. The area of the voltage converter is significantly less than the area of a conventional passive filter based DC-DC voltage converter or a low-dropout (LDO) regulator. Hence, the proposed circuit is appropriate for point-of-load voltage regulation for the noise sensitive portions of an integrated circuit. The performance of the circuit has been verified with Cadence Spectre simulations and fabricated with a commercial 110 nm CMOS technology. The area of the voltage regulator is 0.015 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and delivers up to 80 mA of output current. The transient response with no output capacitor ranges from 72 ns to 192 ns. The advantages and disadvantages of an active filter based, conventional switching, linear, and switched capacitor voltage converters are compared. The proposed circuit provides a means for distributing multiple local power supplies across an integrated circuit while maintaining high current efficiency and fast response time within a small area.
From simulation to characterization - integrated approach for Self Aligned Double Patterning defectivity (2008)

SADP (Self Aligned Double Patterning) is one of the major options to be implemented to bridge the lithography resolution gaps for 40 nm half pitch nodes and below. A natural concern for IC manufacturers when developing and/or implementing this kind of module is defectivity control strategy to ensure all defect sources are understood and an appropriate inspection strategy can be implemented to ensure high die yields. In this paper we will share a comprehensive study done to understand & characterize the major defect types in the SADP module developed by the Maydan Technology Center of Applied Materials. The implications of this work in terms of setting an optimized inspection strategy in the module will be discussed.
Quantification of microbial communities in subsurface marine sediments of the Black Sea and off Namibia (2012)

Organic-rich subsurface marine sediments were taken by gravity coring up to a depth of 10 m below seafloor at six stations from the anoxic Black Sea and the Benguela upwelling system off Namibia during the research cruises Meteor 72-5 and 76-1, respectively. The quantitative microbial community composition at various sediment depths was analyzed using total cell counting, catalyzed reporter deposition - fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR). Total cell counts decreased with depths from 10(9) to 10(10) cells/mL at the sediment surface to 10(7)-10(9) cells/mL below one meter depth. Based on CARD-FISH and Q-PCR analyses overall similar proportions of Bacteria and Archaea were found. The down-core distribution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal RNA genes (16S and 18S rRNA) as well as functional genes involved in different biogeochemical processes was quantified using Q-PCR. Crenarchaeota and the bacterial candidate division JS-1 as well as the classes Anaerolineae and Caldilineae of the phylum Chloroflexi were highly abundant. Less abundant but detectable in most of the samples were Eukarya as well as the metal and sulfate-reducing Geobacteraceae (only in the Benguela upwelling influenced sediments). The functional genes cbbL, encoding for the large subunit of RuBisCO, the genes dsrA and aprA, indicative of sulfate-reducers as well as the mcrA gene of methanogens were detected in the Benguela upwelling and Black Sea sediments. Overall, the high organic carbon content of the sediments goes along with high cell counts and high gene copy numbers, as well as an equal abundance of Bacteria and Archaea.
Packing Density of Composite Powder Mixtures (1991)

A model of particle packing in binary composite systems is developed. The effects of both inclusion surfaces and touching inclusions on the packing density are taken into account. To implement the model, a statistical approach is used to determine the number of inclusion contacts as a function of inclusion content. The statistical approach indicates that the average number of inclusion contacts is a linear function of the inclusion volume fraction, a result which agrees very well with independent computer simulations. The model suggests that the packing efficiency, defined by the ratio of the packing density to the ideal packing density (as originally derived by Furnas), is governed by the inclusion volume fraction ( f i ) and the particle to inclusion size ratio ( r ). Good agreement is obtained between the theory and experimental literature data.
Synergistic effects of carbon fillers on tensile and impact properties in nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate based resins (2004)

Abstract Electrically and thermally conductive resins can be produced by adding conductive fillers to insulating polymers. Mechanical properties such as tensile modulus, ultimate tensile strength, strain at ultimate tensile strength, and notched Izod impact strength are also important and cannot be ignored. This research focused on performing compounding runs followed by injection molding and tensile and impact property testing of carbon filled nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate based resins. The three carbon fillers investigated included an electrically conductive carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and a milled pitch based carbon fiber. For each polymer, resins were produced and tested that contained varying amounts of these single carbon fillers. In addition, combinations of fillers were investigated by conducting a full 2 3 factorial design and a complete replicate in each polymer. The objective of this paper was to determine the effects and interactions of each filler on the tensile and impact properties. The results showed that, in many cases, combining two and three different fillers caused a statistically significant effect at the 95% confidence level. Polym. Compos. 25:172–185, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Prediction of Soil Texture Using FT-NIR Spectroscopy and PXRF Spectrometry With Data Fusion (2013)

Multiple proximal soil sensors provide more useful and complementary information than a single sensor does for improving the prediction of soil properties. In this study, two data fusion methods (i.e., sample data fusion and sensor data fusion) were performed using a Fourier transform near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer and a portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) analyzer for predicting the contents of soil clay, silt, and sand in three sets of soil sample data, which were collected in a medium-scale area and two small-scale areas, respectively. To verify the performance of these methods and confirm related theoretical analysis, calibration models on individual sample and sensor data sets, fused sample data sets, and fused sample and sensor data sets were constructed for three soil textural fractions. First, we applied stepwise multiple linear regression to PXRF measurements and partial least-squares regression to NIR spectral data in the three different sampling areas. Then, we used the sample data set from the medium-scale area as reference and combined it with other two sample data sets to calibrate the models. Finally, we further fused the principal components of NIR spectral data from principal component analysis with the PXRF measurements to improve the accuracy of soil texture prediction. It was found that the models based on fused data could significantly improve the accuracy of soil texture prediction compared with those based on individual sample or sensor data sets. The best model for the prediction of clay and sand contents was calibrated on fused PXRF measured data and NIR principal components from different sampling areas. Whereas geographical locations and soil types might impact the accuracy and fitness of the models, data fusion through multiple sensors and different sampling areas showed great promise as a technique for rapidly assessing soil textural fractions. Further evaluation of the data fusion methods suggested here may provide a practical technique for future applications in soil research.
Erythropoietin induces association of the JAK2 protein tyrosine kinase with the erythropoietin receptor in vivo (1994)

Abstract Protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been hypothesized to play a key role in the growth signaling induced by erythropoietin (Epo), although the Epo receptor (EpoR), a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily, lacks a tyrosine kinase domain. Recently, the JAK2 tyrosine kinase was shown to be activated on Epo stimulation and to bind to the cytoplasmic domain of EpoR in vitro. To further explore the mechanisms of activation of JAK2 in EpoR-mediated signal transduction, we assessed the conditions for association of JAK2 with EpoR in vivo. Epo stimulation rapidly induced association of JAK2 with the EpoR in an interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent cell line transfected with the wild-type EpoR. On Epo stimulation JAK2 also associated with a truncated mutant EpoR (H-mutant), which is mitogenetically active but not tyrosine phosphorylated, indicating that association does not require receptor phosphorylation and occurs in the membrane proximal region. However, association was not detected with mutant receptors inactivated by an internal deletion or a point mutation, Trp282 to Arg, in a membrane- proximal cytoplasmic region (PB or PM4 mutant, respectively). Immune complex kinase assays of anti-EpoR immunoprecipitates also revealed that activated JAK2 associates with the EpoR in Epo-stimulated cells. By this approach, association also occurred with the mitogenically active H mutant but not with the mitogenically inactive PB or PM4 mutants. In the immune complex kinases assays, EpoR, JAK2, and a 150-kD protein were phosphorylated on tyrosine. Taken together, the results further support the hypothesis that, on Epo stimulation, JAK2 associates with the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic region of the EpoR to be activated and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular substrates, including the EpoR, to transduce a growth signal.
Release of Short and Proline-Rich Antihypertensive Peptides from Casein Hydrolysate with an Aspergillus oryzae Protease (2004)

Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activities were measured after hydrolysis of casein by 9 different commercially available proteolytic enzymes. Among these enzymes, a protease isolated from Aspergillus oryzae showed the highest angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity per peptide. The A. oryzae peptide also showed the highest antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats when the systolic blood pressure was measured 5 h after oral administration of 32 mg/kg of various enzymatic hydrolysates. Significant antihypertensive effects were observed with dosages of 9.6, 32, and 96 mg of the A. oryzae peptide/kg of body weight (BW), and the effects were dependent on these peptide dosages. Analysis of peptide length showed the A. oryzae hydrolysate was the shortest of all tested casein hydrolysates; the peptide mixture had an average value of 1.4 amino acids (AA) in the sequence. To further characterize the A. oryzae hydrolysate, we analyzed the AA sequence of the whole peptide mixture. Various AA were detected at the first AA position, however, an increased number of Pro residues were observed at the second and third position of the A. oryzae hydrolysate. No strong signals were detected after the fourth AA position of the A. oryzae hydrolysate. These results suggest that the casein hydrolysate of A. oryzae, which expressed potent antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats, mainly contain short peptides of X-Pro and X-Pro-Pro sequences.