gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kirigami Nanocomposites as Wide-Angle Diffraction Gratings (2016)

Beam steering devices represent an essential part of an advanced optics toolbox and are needed in a spectrum of technologies ranging from astronomy and agriculture to biosensing and networked vehicles. Diffraction gratings with strain-tunable periodicity simplify beam steering and can serve as a foundation for light/laser radar (LIDAR/LADAR) components of robotic systems. However, the mechanical properties of traditional materials severely limit the beam steering angle and cycle life. The large strain applied to gratings can severely impair the device performance both in respect of longevity and diffraction pattern fidelity. Here, we show that this problem can be resolved using micromanufactured kirigami patterns from thin film nanocomposites based on high-performance stiff plastics, metals, and carbon nanotubes, etc. The kirigami pattern of microscale slits reduces the stochastic concentration of strain in stiff nanocomposites including those made by layer-by-layer assembly (LBL). The slit patterning affords reduction of strain by 2 orders of magnitude for stretching deformation and consequently enables reconfigurable optical gratings with over a 100% range of period tunability. Elasticity of the stiff nanocomposites and plastics makes possible cyclic reconfigurability of the grating with variable time constant that can also be referred to as 4D kirigami. High-contrast, sophisticated diffraction patterns with as high as fifth diffraction order can be obtained. The angular range of beam steering can be as large as 6.5° for a 635 nm laser beam compared to ∼1° in surface-grooved elastomer gratings and ∼0.02° in MEMS gratings. The versatility of the kirigami patterns, the diversity of the available nanocomposite materials, and their advantageous mechanical properties of the foundational materials open the path for engineering of reconfigurable optical elements in LIDARs essential for autonomous vehicles and other optical devices with spectral range determined by the kirigami periodicity.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Induced Gene Expression Reveals Novel Actions of VGF in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity (2003)

Synaptic strengthening induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with learning and is coupled to transcriptional activation. However, identification of the spectrum of genes associated with BDNF-induced synaptic plasticity and the correlation of expression with learning paradigms in vivo has not yet been studied. Transcriptional analysis of BDNF-induced synaptic strengthening in cultured hippocampal neurons revealed increased expression of the immediate early genes (IEGs), c-fos, early growth response gene 1 (EGR1), activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc) at 20 min, and the secreted peptide VGF (non-acronymic) protein precursor at 3 hr. The induced genes served as prototypes to decipher mechanisms of both BDNF-induced transcription and plasticity. BDNF-mediated gene expression was tyrosine kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent, as demonstrated by pharmacological studies. Single-cell transcriptional analysis of Arc after whole-cell patch-clamp recordings indicated that increased gene expression correlated with enhancement of synaptic transmission by BDNF. Increased expression in vitro predicted elevations in vivo: VGF and the IEGs increased after trace eyeblink conditioning, a hippocampal-dependent learning paradigm. VGF protein was also upregulated by BDNF treatment and was expressed in a punctate manner in dissociated hippocampal neurons. Collectively, these findings suggested that the VGF neuropeptides may regulate synaptic function. We found a novel function for VGF by applying VGF peptides to neurons. C-terminal VGF peptides acutely increased synaptic charge in a dose-dependent manner, whereas N-terminal peptide had no effect. These observations indicate that gene profiling in vitro can reveal new mechanisms of synaptic strengthening associated with learning and memory.
Should Families Watch CPR (2015)

Despite physician reservations, allowing families to be present during resuscitation is often the ethical choice.
A Structural Health Monitoring Approach Based on a PZT Network Using a Tuned Wave Propagation Method (2009)

Presently, aircraft structures are maintained and revised on a scheduled basis. Each aircraft manufacturer establishes, for each model, a strict inspection and revision calendar that must be followed firmly that leads to high operation costs. Parts can be replaced just because they exceeded their predicted lifetime, while others are inspected without revealing any kind of damage. Related disassembling and assembling processes are also time-consuming, and sometimes redundant. Structural Health Monitoring is an emerging study field that seeks to address these issues. The advantages of having SHM are the possible reduction of safety factors during the components design process, which will lead to higher payloads and lower fuel consumptions, thus turning aviation more environmentally friendly. There are several approaches being study, all with the same objective in mind: to develop a system capable of monitoring the structural integrity in real time by detecting damage presence, shape, size, growth study, etc. It is possible to achieve accurate component available life-time in real-time by using well established predictive algorithms for damage growth. Another requirement is that such systems must be reliable and avoid false warnings. The method presented here is based on Lamb waves, which are particularly susceptible to interferences caused by damages or boundaries. Several actuation wave functions were investigated. The algorithm for damage detection relies on the assumption that if one is able to compare the response for the undamaged structure with the one presenting damage, when subtracting one from the other, a difference will emerge at a specific time. Such propagation is strongly influenced to interferences caused by damages or boundaries. The actuation system and wave generation requires a careful and detailed approach. The algorithm for damage detection relies on the assumption that if one is able to compare both undamaged and damaged response of the structure, by subtracting one from the other, a difference will emerge at a specific time. The damage is then assumed to work as a source of reflections. After detecting a damage reflection, since the propagation velocity is known for the host medium, a distance for each actuator can be determined and three probability curves can be defined. The point at which the three curves intersect, pinpoints the damage location. To improve the accuracy of the detection method, test runs are repeatedly performed, filters are applied to sensor data and a statistical scheme is put in place. Test runs were successfully performed with the plate undamaged and with different types of damage (surface holes and cracks, through holes and cracks) of different sizes, ranging from 5 mm to as small as 1mm.
Prophylaxe bei Hausstaubmilbenallergie:Verhandlungsergebnis (1982)

A method for assessment of arterial collateral vessels and corresponding stenoses on arteriograms of arteriosclerotic legs is presented. The method is based on the concept that compensatory collateral vessels, by-passing stenoses of the conductive arterial segments, have to cross a plane traversing the distal part of each segment (common iliac artery, external iliac/common femoral artery and superficial femoral artery). The number of collateral vessels was counted and the minimum diameter within the corresponding conductive arterial segment was measured (three locations in each leg). There was a close correlation between the sum of remaining lumen diameters and the sum of corresponding collaterals in thirty-four legs (r = -0.77, P less than 0.001). Maximum lower leg blood flow during exercise (thermodilution) was better correlated to arteriosclerotic changes in the pelvic arterial tree than to changes in the femoral arteries, and the must abundant collateral vessels were found in individuals having central stenoses or occlusions.
DNA-strand exchange promoted by RecA protein in the absence of ATP: implications for the mechanism of energy transduction in protein-promoted nucleic acid transactions. (1995)

DNA-strand exchange promoted by Escherichia coli RecA protein normally requires the presence of ATP and is accompanied by ATP hydrolysis, thereby implying a need for ATP hydrolysis. Previously, ATP hydrolysis was shown not to be required; here we demonstrate furthermore that a nucleoside triphosphate cofactor is not required for DNA-strand exchange. A gratuitous allosteric effector consisting of the noncovalent complex of ADP and aluminum fluoride, ADP.AIF4-, can both induce the high-affinity DNA-binding state of RecA protein and support the homologous pairing and exchange of up to 800-900 bp of DNA. These results demonstrate that induction of the functionally active, high-affinity DNA-binding state of RecA protein is needed for RecA protein-promoted DNA-strand exchange and that there is no requirement for a high-energy nucleotide cofactor for the exchange of DNA strands. Consequently, the free energy needed to activate the DNA substrates for DNA-strand exchange is not derived from ATP hydrolysis. Instead, the needed free energy is derived from ligand binding and is transduced to the DNA via the associated ligand-induced structural transitions of the RecA protein-DNA complex; ATP hydrolysis simply destroys the effector ligand. This concept has general applicability to the mechanism of energy transduction by proteins.
Patterned Optical Activation of Retinal Ganglion Cells (2007)

Neuroprosthetic retinal interfaces depend upon the ability to bypass the damaged photoreceptor layer and directly activate populations of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). To date, the preferred approach to this task largely relies on electrode array implants. We are currently pursuing two alternative methods for light-based direct activation of the RGCs. The first method is based on applying caged glutamate over the retina and uncaging it locally to obtain RGC excitation. The second method is to artificially cause RGCs to express Channelrhodopsin II (ChR2), a light-gated cation channel. In addition to being non-contact, optical techniques lend themselves relatively easily to a variety of technologies for achieving patterned stimulation with high temporal and spatial resolution. Using the Texas Instruments Digital Light Processing (DLP - DMD) technology, we have developed an optical stimulation system capable of controlled, large-scale, flexible stimulation of the retinal tissue with high temporal accuracy. In preliminary studies, we are performing patterned photo-stimulation experiments using samples of caged fluorescent probes and in rat retinas that were virally transfected with ChR2.
1929 Year book / (1929)

This copy of our thirty-ninth, annual catalog is our sales-I | man for 1929. It gives us much pleasure to mail you this \ | issue, and to thank you for your support and cooperation | | without which it would he impossible for us to remain in 1 1 business. | We go to considerable expense each year in maintaining \ | seed testing grounds, which cover several acres, where 1 | thousands of different seeds are tried out enabling us to dis-1 ^iiiiiinniniiMiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiniiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiniiiiiniiimniiiiiunnniiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiir
Multipeople tracking across multiple cameras (2012)

Abstract. Multi-target tracking (MTT) is an active and challenging research topic. Many different approaches to MTT problem exist, yet there are still few satisfactory methods of solving multi-target occlusion problem, which often appears in multi-target tracking task. The application of multi cameras in most existing researches for multi-target occlusion requires camera calibration parameters in advance, which is not practical in the case of outdoor video surveillance. Most of the proposed solutions for this problem require camera calibration parameters that make them impractical for outdoor video surveillance applications. To address this problem we propose in this paper a probabilistic approach, the foremost consideration of which is to reduce the dependency on camera calibration for multiple camera collaboration. More robustness on target representation and object tracking has been ensured by combining multiple cues such as border information of the object with color histogram, while Gale-Shapley algorithm (GSA) has been used for finding the stable matching between objects of two or more camera views. Efficient tracking of object ensures proficient recognition of target depicting parameters (i.e. apparent color, height and width information of the object) as a consequence provides better camera collaboration. Initial simulation results prove the validity of the proposed approach.
System characteristics of quasi-optical power amplifiers (2001)

Quasi-optical (QO) amplifiers have advanced to the point where they are competitive with other solid state and vacuum-based power amplifier technologies in the upper microwave and millimeter-wave bands. While still trailing in power-added efficiency, the QO amplifiers have advantages over traditional system architectures because of superior linearity, low noise, high spurious-free dynamic range, and added functionality (e.g., electronic beam steering). These advantages are stated in the present paper through a set of scaling laws that describe the behavior of fundamental amplifier properties versus the number n of elements in the QO array. It is known that the gain and power-added efficiency are scale independent, so that the output power scales as n/sup 1/. Here we find that the white noise figure is scale independent and the 3rd order intercept point increases as n/sup 3/2/. Hence, the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) should scale as n/sup 1/.. This makes QO amplifiers attractive as "robust" low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) in traditional superheterodyne receivers. An analysis is carried out to predict the improvement in total SFDR of a superheterodyne receiver having a QO LNA at the front end.
Innovation and Institutions (2005)

Innovation and Institutions is an extensive elaboration on the make up of systems of innovation. It examines why some countries are more innovative than others, why national styles of innovation differ, and goes on to explore why some countries make radical innovations but fail to successfully market them, whilst others making incremental innovations have more commercial success.
Near optimum Sequence Detection for coded OFDM-CMM systems (2008)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Convolutional Multi-code Multiplexing (OFDM-CMM) has been proposed to achieve notable coding gain and diversity without loss of spectral efficiency. However, the complexity of Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) grows exponentially in the number of parallel streams. This detection algorithm is prohibitive when the number of parallel streams is large. The Interference Cancellation based Sequence Detection (ICSD) is proposed in this paper to reduce the detection complexity without performance loss. The heart of this method is to combine the interference cancellation and the MLSE into one iteration. The complexity of ICSD grows linearly in the number of parallel streams. The simulation results have shown that the proposed method can efficiently approximate the optimum MAP performance at a moderate Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in coded OFDM-CMM systems.
Identification of a WD40 Repeat-Containing Isoform of PHIP as a Novel Regulator of β-Cell Growth and Survival (2007)

The pleckstrin homology domain-interacting protein (PHIP) was originally identified as a 902-amino-acid (aa) protein that regulates insulin receptor-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in skeletal-muscle cells. Immunoblotting and immunohistological analyses of pancreatic beta-cells reveal prominent expression of a 206-kDa PHIP isoform restricted to the nucleus. Herein, we report the cloning of this larger, 1,821-aa isoform of PHIP (PHIP1), which represents a novel WD40 repeat-containing protein. We demonstrate that PHIP1 overexpression stimulates insulin-like growth factor 1-dependent and -independent proliferation of beta-cells, an event which correlates with transcriptional upregulation of the cyclin D2 promoter and the accumulation of cyclin D2 protein. RNA interference knockdown of PHIP1 in INS-1 cells abrogates insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2)-mediated DNA synthesis, providing for a specific role for PHIP1 in the enhancement of IRS2-dependent signaling responses leading to beta-cell growth. Finally, we provide evidence that PHIP1 overexpression blocks free fatty acid-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells, which is accompanied by marked activation of phosphoprotein kinase B (PKB)/AKT and the concomitant inhibition of caspase-9 and caspase-3 cleavage. Our finding that the restorative effect of PHIP1 on beta-cell lipotoxicity can be attenuated by the overexpression of dominant-negative PKB suggests a key role for PKB in PHIP1-mediated cytoprotection. Taken together, these findings provide strong support for PHIP1 as a novel positive regulator of beta-cell function. We suggest that PHIP1 may be involved in the induction of long-term gene expression programs to promote beta-cell mitogenesis and survival.
Synthesis and field-emission behavior of highly oriented boron carbonitride nanofibers (2000)

Large-area highly oriented boron carbonitride (BCN) nanofibers with various compositions were synthesized directly on polished polycrystalline nickel substrates from a gas mixture of N2, H2, CH4, and B2H6 by bias-assisted hot-filament chemical-vapor deposition. The morphology of BCN nanofibers was examined by scanning electron microscopy, the nanofiber structure was studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the chemical composition of individual nanofibers was determined by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Field-emission behavior of the BCN nanofibers was characterized and a high emission current density of about 20–80 mA/cm2 at a low electric field of 5–6 V/μm implies a promising application as field-emission sources.
Birefringence and optical power confinement in horizontal multi-slot waveguides made of Si and SiO2 (2008)

Through simulations and measurements, we show that in multi-slot thin film waveguides, the TM polarized modes can be confined mostly in the low refractive index layers of the waveguide. The structure consisted of alternating layers of a-Si and SiO(2), in the thickness range between 3 and 40 nm, for which the slots were the SiO(2) layers. Simulations were performed using the transfer matrix method and experiments using the m-line technique at 1.55 mum. The dependence of the birefringence and of the power confinement in the slots was studied as a function of the waveguide thickness, the Si and SiO(2) layer thicknesses, and the SiO(2) / Si layer thickness ratio. We find a large birefringence-a refractive index difference between TE and TM modes-as large as 0.8. For TM polarized modes, up to ~ 85% of the total power in the fundamental mode can be confined in the slots.
Rotavirus NSP1 Inhibits NFκB Activation by Inducing Proteasome-Dependent Degradation of β-TrCP: A Novel Mechanism of IFN Antagonism (2009)

Mechanisms by which viruses counter innate host defense responses generally involve inhibition of one or more components of the interferon (IFN) system. Multiple steps in the induction and amplification of IFN signaling are targeted for inhibition by viral proteins, and many of the IFN antagonists have direct or indirect effects on activation of latent cytoplasmic transcription factors. Rotavirus nonstructural protein NSP1 blocks transcription of type I IFNalpha/beta by inducing proteasome-dependent degradation of IFN-regulatory factors 3 (IRF3), IRF5, and IRF7. In this study, we show that rotavirus NSP1 also inhibits activation of NFkappaB and does so by a novel mechanism. Proteasome-mediated degradation of inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaBalpha) is required for NFkappaB activation. Phosphorylated IkappaBalpha is a substrate for polyubiquitination by a multisubunit E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, Skp1/Cul1/F-box, in which the F-box substrate recognition protein is beta-transducin repeat containing protein (beta-TrCP). The data presented show that phosphorylated IkappaBalpha is stable in rotavirus-infected cells because infection induces proteasome-dependent degradation of beta-TrCP. NSP1 expressed in isolation in transiently transfected cells is sufficient to induce this effect. Targeted degradation of an F-box protein of an E3 ligase complex with a prominent role in modulation of innate immune signaling and cell proliferation pathways is a unique mechanism of IFN antagonism and defines a second strategy of immune evasion used by rotaviruses.
Highly stable, solution-processed quaternary oxide thin film-based resistive switching random access memory devices via global and local stoichiometric manipulation strategy (2020)

Optimization and performance enhancement of a low-cost, solution-processed InGaZnO (IGZO) resistance random access memory (ReRAM) device using the manipulation of global and local oxygen vacancy (V<sub>o</sub>) stoichiometry in metal oxide thin films was demonstrated. Control of the overall Ga composition within the IGZO thin film reduced the excessive formation of oxygen vacancies allowing for a reproducible resistance switching mechanism. Furthermore, sophisticated local control of stoichiometric V<sub>o</sub> is achieved using a 5 nm Ni layer at the IGZO interface to serve as an oxygen capturing layer through the formation of NiO<sub>x</sub>, consequently facilitating the formation of conductive filaments (CFs) and preventing abrupt degradation of device performance. Additionally, reducing the cell dimension of the IGZO-based ReRAMs using a cross-bar electrode structure appeared to drastically improve their performances parameters, including operating voltage and resistance distribution due to the suppression of excessive CFs formation. The optimized ReRAM devices exhibited stable unipolar resistive switching behavior with an endurance of >200 cycles, a retention time of 10<sup>4</sup> s at 85 °C and an on/off ratio greater than about 10<sup>2</sup>. Therefore, our findings address the demand for low-cost memory devices with high stability and endurance for next-generation data storage technology.
CT Truncation artifact removal using water-equivalent thicknesses derived from truncated projection data (2007)

Even thought the algorithm assumes an elliptical patient cross-section, truly impressive increases in quantitative image quality are observed. The presence of pelvic bone in the image does not appreciably bias the ellipse position even though it does bias the thickness estimates for some rays. The algorithm incurs low computational cost and is suitable for on-line clinical workflows.