gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geared Turbodrilling Applications and Case Histories in the North Sea (2004)

Abstract In the late 1800s, the drilling industry recognized the inherent benefits promised by downhole drive systems. Turbodrills, and later, positive displacement motors (PDMs), were introduced to capitalize on these benefits. Both Turbodrills and PDMs convert hydraulic energy in the drilling fluid into mechanical power at the bit. With a Turbodrill, this power conversion is accomplished through the use of turbine blades, and with a PDM, it is accomplished through a seal between an eccentrically rotating steel rotor and an elastomer stator. While there are many benefits to the use of turbine blades to create mechanical power from hydraulic power, their superior efficiency at relatively high output speeds stands out. The rotational speed generated at the bit is not ideal for certain applications, however. The industry recognized this situation in the 1920s, and the development of the geared Turbodrill was initiated. By including reduction gearing in a Turbodrill, high rotating speeds generated by the turbine can be converted into lower RPM and higher torque at the bit. For decades, there have been attempts to develop a successful geared Turbodrill. Until recently, these efforts have realized little success. Design work performed with the latest software technology and modern materials have now resulted in a very successful, high power, high torque geared Turbodrill. With the new possibility of decreasing output RPM, and increasing the available torque, the range of applications in which Turbodrills perform favorably is significantly expanded. The focus of this paper will be to identify applications in which the deployment of a gear reduced Turbodrill will be advantageous. This paper will also analyze three recent North Sea case histories, in which geared Turbodrills, together with PDC bits, were run successfully to drill a 12-1/4" hole section through the upper Cretaceous chalk down to the upper Permian Zechstein formation. One of these cases involved running the new geared Turbodrill (NGT) with a rotary steerable system. Analysis of these runs will detail proposed versus actual drilling curves including an in-depth discussion on all parameters encountered during drilling.
Maximum White Luminous Efficacy of Radiation Versus Color Rendering Index and Color Temperature: Exact Results and a Useful Analytic Expression (2012)

We calculate numerically the spectral power distributions (SPDs) which maximize luminous efficacies of radiation (LERs) for white light of particular color rendering indices (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> 's) and color temperatures (CTs). We find that, except for the very highest color rendering indices, the spectra are spiky rather than continuous. We present a useful analytic expression for the dependences of the maximum white luminous efficacy of radiation (MWLER) on R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> and CT and discuss these dependences. We propose that, for any white light source of a given R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> and CT, its absolute spectral efficiency is simply the ratio of its LER to the MWLER at that same R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> and CT. We discuss the absolute spectral efficiency, defined in this way, of various lighting technologies: incandescent, fluorescent, high-intensity discharge, and solid-state lighting. Finally, we discuss the possibility of alternative MWLERs based on alternative indices for color rendering quality.
EMERGENCY PERCUTANEOUS TRANSTRACHEAL CATHETER AND VENTILATOR (1972)

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care: January 1972 - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - p 50-55
Studies on the antineoplastic components of Korean basidiomycetes (1980)

To investigate antitumor components of Korean higher fungi, the carpophores of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.)Karst. were collected at Gal-mae-ri in Gyeong-gi Province and extracted with 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution. The extract was purified by dialyzing through Visking tube and a dark brownish power was obtained. The antitumor activity of the fraction was tested against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice. The tumor inhibition ratio of the fraction against the tumor was 87.6% in doses of 50 mg/kg/day for the period of ten days. The tumor in five of 15 mice was completely regressed. The antitumor fraction was chemically analyzed and found to be a complex of polysaccharide and protein, from which four monosaccharides and eighteen amino acids were identified.
Plasma-assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite for rapid production of graphene sheets (2014)

We describe a new and highly efficient plasma-assisted electrochemical exfoliation method, involving a plasma-generated graphite cathode and a graphite anode, for the production of graphene sheets from electrodes in a basic electrolyte solution in a short reaction time.
Degradable and chemically recyclable epoxy resins containing acetal linkages: Synthesis, properties, and application for carbon fiber‐reinforced plastics (2012)

Abstract Four sorts of epoxy resins containing degradable acetal linkages were synthesized by the reaction of bisphenol A (BA) or cresol novolak (CN) resin with vinyl ethers containing a glycidyl group [4‐vinlyoxybutyl glycidyl ether (VBGE) and cyclohexane dimethanol vinyl glycidyl ether (CHDMVG)] and cured with known typical amine‐curing agents. The thermal and mechanical properties of the cured resins were investigated. Among the four cured epoxy resins, the CN‐CHDMVG resin (derived from CN and CHDMVE) exhibited relatively high glass transition temperature ( T g = ca. 110 °C). The treatment of these cured epoxy resins with aqueous HCl in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature for 12 h generated BA and CN as degradation main products in high yield. Carbon fiber‐reinforced plastics (CFRPs) were prepared by heating the laminated prepreg sheets with BA‐CHDMVG (derived from BA and CHDMVE) and CN‐CHDMVG, in which strands of carbon fibers are impregnated with the epoxy resins containing conventional curing agents and curing accelerators. The obtained CFRPs showed good appearance and underwent smooth breakdown with the aqueous acid treatment in THF at room temperature for 24 h to produce strands of carbon fiber without damaging their surface conditions and tensile strength. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Coupled Circular Cylindrical Rods Between Parallel Ground Planes (1964)

The normalized self and mutual capacitances of periodic, circular cylindrical rods located between parallel ground planes are presented graphically. The capacitances were determined by solving the appropriate integral equation by numerical methods. Charts of self and mutual capacitance are given for rod diameter-to-ground plane spacing ratios varying from 0.05 to 0.8 and for very small to very large spacings between rods. Accuracy of the data is believed to be generally better than 2 per cent for the normalized mutual capacitance and generally better than 1 per cent for the normalized self capacitance. An approximate design method is also presented that permits using the data to synthesize filters (such as interdigital and comb-line filters) that require rods of nonequal diameters and spacings. An example of the design method is given, and a filter is constructed from the resulting data. The filter response was measured and found to agree closely with that called for by the theory.
Principles of Exocytosis and Membrane Fusion (2004)

A bstract : Exocytosis is a ubiquitous process occurring in every eukaryotic cell including processes as diverse as membrane expansion during growth and the highly regulated release of neurotransmitter from neurons. Work during the past decade has established that exocytotic membrane fusion is mediated by members of conserved protein families including Rab proteins and SNAREs. SNAREs are probably catalyzing membrane fusion, and major progress has been made in unraveling their molecular mechanism. In contrast, less is known about regulatory mechanisms. Here, a brief overview is given about the current state of knowledge, focusing on SNAREs involved in neuronal exocytosis.
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1: Cellular Pluripotency, Reprogramming, and Tumorogenesis (2015)

Poly(ADP-ribos)ylation (PARylation) is the catalytic function of the Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (Parps) family for post-translational modification in cellular process. Being a major member of Parps, Parp1 is a crucial nuclear factor with biological significance in modulating DNA repair, DNA replication, transcription, DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling through PARylation of downstream proteins. In addition, high expression level and activity of Parp1 are correlated with pluripotent status, reprogramming, and cancer. Furthermore, epigenetic modulation of Parp1 is explored for regulating wide variety of gene expression. Genetic and pharmaceutical disruption of Parp1 further confirmed the importance of Parp1 in cell growth, DNA repair, and reprogramming efficiency. Taken together, the proximity toward the understanding of the modulation of Parp1 including interaction and modification in different fields will provide new insight for future studies. In this review, the biological significance of Parp1 in transcription and the epigenetic modulation of Parp1 in pluripotent status, reprogramming process and cancer will be summarized.
Circuit partitioning for low power BIST design with minimized peak power consumption (2003)

In this paper, we propose a novel low power/energy built-in self test (BIST) strategy based on circuit partitioning. The goal of the proposed strategy is to minimize the average power, the peak power and the energy consumption during pseudo-random testing without modifying the fault coverage. The strategy consists in partitioning the original circuit into two structural subcircuits so that each subcircuit can be successively tested through two different BIST sessions. In partitioning the circuit and planning the test session, the switching activity in a time interval (i.e. the average power) as well as the peak power consumption are minimized. Moreover, the total energy consumption during BIST is also reduced since the test length required to test the two subcircuits is roughly the same as the test length for the original circuit. Results on ISCAS circuits show that average power reduction of up to 72%, peak power reduction of up to 53%, and energy reduction of up to 84% can be achieved.
Antagonistic mutant proteins of interleukin-4. (1995)

Interleukin-4 is a major regulator of the immune system, directing e.g. induction of a TH2 phenotype in T-cells, activation of B-cells and synthesis of IgE type antibodies, which are associated with allergic responses. Site-directed mutagenesis has revealed two sites important for receptor interaction on IL-4: site I mediates binding to the IL-4 receptor alpha subunit, and site II is involved in signal transduction through the receptor complex. Specific mutations in site II produced a series of ligands which bound to the receptor with high affinity, but had little or no agonistic activity and inhibited effects of wild type IL-4. The closely related cytokine IL-13, also a mediator of allergic processes, is antagonized as well. Antagonistic site II mutants of human IL-4 are therefore effective inhibitors with therapeutic potential for IL-4 associated diseases like type I hypersensitivity and asthma.
Processing and performance of integrated ferroelectric and CMOS test structures for memory applications (1995)

Abstract The feasibility of integrating ferroelectric thin films with silicon CMOS technology was investigated by processing a ferroelectric process evaluation module which contains ferroelectric and CMOS test structures and some memory cells. The smallest cells have a ferroelectric capacitor (FECAP) of 25 μm2. The FECAPs were made with Pt/Ti electrodes and with Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 deposited by a modified sol-gel technique or by organometallic chemical vapour deposition. The back-end processing includes the insulation and interconnection of the FECAPs and the MOS transistors. The ferroelectric processing has only a slight influence on the CMOS properties. The properties of the FECAPs improve significantly by an additional anneal in oxygen. Both CMOS and FECAP properties allow a proper functioning of the memory cells. These can be reliably operated at supply voltages as low as 3 V and pulse widths down to 20 ns. The endurance of the memory cells exceeds 1013 read/write cycles.
Surfactant function and composition after free radical exposure generated by transition metals (1999)

Surfactant dysfunction in acute lung injury has been postulated as a result of free radical damage to lipid and protein components. This study examines whether transition metals with different redox potentials and different binding affinities for lipids and proteins affect interfacial properties differently. Purified whole calf lung surfactant (CLS) was incubated with 0.125 mM Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe3+-EDTA complex, or Cu2+ either alone or with 0.25 mM H2O2 or H2O2 plus 0.25 mM ascorbate for 4 and 24 h. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measurement of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and free radical-mediated alterations in protein structure were assessed by fluorescamine assay and Western blot analysis. Function was assayed by pulsating bubble surfactometry. Lipid peroxidation was detected in samples incubated with Fe2+, Fe3+, and Fe3+-EDTA but not with Cu2+. All transition metal-based free radical systems affected surfactant protein composition by fluorescamine assay, indicating free radical-mediated modification of protein side chains. Western blot analysis demonstrated surfactant protein A modification, with the generation of higher- and lower-molecular-mass immunoreactive products. Despite biochemical evidence of lipid and protein modification, surfactant dysfunction was minimal and was manifest as an increase in the compression ratio required to achieve surface tension < 1 dyn/cm. This dysfunction was readily reversed by the addition of 5 mM Ca2+ either before or after oxidation. These data indicate that copper- and iron-based free radical-generating systems modify the lipid and protein components of surfactant differently but suggest that these changes have little effect on surfactant function.
Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits the Src/STAT3 constitutive activation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (2011)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive vasculopathy characterized by enhanced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. This phenotype is sustained by the activation of the Src/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) axis, maintained by a positive feedback loop involving miR-204 and followed by an aberrant expression/activation of its downstream targets such as Pim1 and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc2). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone shown to reverse vascular remodeling in systemic vessels. Since STAT3 has been described as modulated by DHEA, we hypothesized that DHEA reverses human pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting Src/STAT3 constitutive activation. Using PASMCs isolated from patients with PAH (n = 3), we demonstrated that DHEA decreases both Src and STAT3 activation (Western blot and nuclear translocation assay), resulting in a significant reduction of Pim1, NFATc2 expression/activation (quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot), as well as Survivin and upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) and miR-204. Src/STAT3 axis inhibition by DHEA is associated with 1) mitochondrial membrane potential (tetramethylrhodamine methyl-ester perchlorate; n = 150; P < 0.05) depolarization increasing apoptosis by 25% (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling; n = 150; P < 0.05); and 2) decreased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration (fluo-3 AM; n = 150; P < 0.05) and proliferation by 30% (PCNA). Finally, in vivo similarly to STAT3 inhibition DHEA improves experimental PAH (monocrotaline rats) by decreasing mean PA pressure and right ventricle hypertrophy. These effects were associated with the inhibition of Src, STAT3, Pim1, NFATc2, and Survivin and the upregulation of BMPR2 and miR-204. We demonstrated that DHEA reverses pulmonary hypertension in part by inhibiting the Src/STAT3.
Microbial Succession and Flavor Production in the Fermented Dairy Beverage Kefir (2016)

Kefir is a putatively health-promoting dairy beverage that is produced when a kefir grain, consisting of a consortium of microorganisms, is added to milk to initiate a natural fermentation. Here, a detailed analysis was carried out to determine how the microbial population, gene content, and flavor of three kefirs from distinct geographic locations change over the course of 24-h fermentations. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that <i>Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens</i> was the dominant bacterial species in kefir during early stages of fermentations but that <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> became more prevalent in later stages. This pattern is consistent with an observation that genes involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis were absent from <i>L. kefiranofaciens</i> but were present in <i>L. mesenteroides</i>. Additionally, these shifts in the microbial community structure, and associated pathways, corresponded to changes in the levels of volatile compounds. Specifically, <i>Acetobacter</i> spp. correlated with acetic acid; <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. correlated with carboxylic acids, esters and ketones; <i>Leuconostoc</i> spp. correlated with acetic acid and 2,3-butanedione; and <i>Saccharomyces</i> spp. correlated with esters. The correlation data suggest a causal relationship between microbial taxa and flavor that is supported by observations that addition of <i>L. kefiranofaciens</i> NCFB 2797 increased the levels of esters and ketones whereas addition of <i>L. mesenteroides</i> 213M0 increased the levels of acetic acid and 2,3-butanedione. Finally, we detected genes associated with probiotic functionalities in the kefir microbiome. Our results illustrate the dynamic nature of kefir fermentations and microbial succession patterns therein and can be applied to optimize the fermentation processes, flavors, and health-related attributes of this and other fermented foods. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Traditional fermented foods represent relatively low-complexity microbial environments that can be used as model microbial communities to understand how microbes interact in natural environments. Our results illustrate the dynamic nature of kefir fermentations and microbial succession patterns therein. In the process, the link between individual species, and associated pathways, with flavor compounds is revealed and several genes that could be responsible for the purported gut health-associated benefits of consuming kefir are identified. Ultimately, in addition to providing an important fundamental insight into microbial interactions, this information can be applied to optimize the fermentation processes, flavors, and health-related attributes of this and other fermented foods.
420 X420 Charge-Coupled-Device Imager And Four-Chip Hybrid Focal Plane (1987)

We have designed and fabricated a 420 X420 pixel front-illuminated CCD imager. The device was designed to be used both individually and as part of a four-chip focal plane consisting of four chips closely abutted in a 2 X 2 array, for a total resolution of 840 X 840 pixels. Particular attention has been paid to achieving low-noise operation, and noise levels of less than 20 e- at a 1.0 MHz data rate have been achieved routinely. We describe special focal plane assembly techniques with which we have achieved 1 um relative positional accuracy between the chips.
Design and analysis of synchronization for real-time closed-loop control in robotics (1998)

In the framework of the ORCCAD system, periodic and multirate control laws are implemented in terms of a set of computing tasks to be executed under a real-time operating system. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that partially synchronizing such tasks can improve the practical performance of the implementation. However, using synchronizations may lead to dead-locks or temporal inconsistencies. In this paper, we examine the consequences of introducing such synchronization in terms of structural and temporal problems which may occur and how they may be detected using Petri net modeling and analysis. We conclude with some guidelines about how to add such synchronization to design deadlock-free and efficient implementations of real-time periodic control laws.
B-SUB: A Practical Bloom-Filter-Based Publish-Subscribe System for Human Networks (2010)

The adoption of portable wireless devices is rapidly rising. The demand for efficient communication protocols amongst these devices is pressing. In this paper, we present a content-based publish-subscribe system, called B-SUB Bloom filter-based pub-SUB system), for the networks formed by human-carried wireless devices, which are called human networks (HUNETs). A novel data structure, called Temporal Counting Bloom Filter (TCBF), is proposed to perform content based networking tasks. The TCBF's novelty is that it is able to handle temporal operations, which are not supported in the classic Bloom filter (BF) and are crucial to the success of forwarding messages in HUNETs. B-SUB uses TCBFs to encode users' interests and embed routing information. Using the TCBF, B-SUB can propagate interests by transmitting at most two TCBFs of dozens of bytes, which makes B-SUB space efficient. B-SUB makes forwarding decisions through querying the TCBFs, which is simple and fast. These designs make B-SUB pretty suitable for resource-constrained HUNETs. However, the TCBF has false positives, which will potentially cause useless messages to be injected into the network. The issue that arises here is how to handle its false positives in queries, and at the same time maintain its spatial efficiency as well. So, we analyze several methods for controlling the TCBF's false positive rate. B-SUB's viability and usefulness are verified through extensive simulation studies using real-world human contact traces.
Short Exposure to the DNA Intercalator DRAQ5 Dislocates the Transcription Machinery and Induces Cell Death (2010)

The fluorescent probe DRAQ5 which rapidly permeates cells and binds to DNA is potentially useful for functional studies of molecular dynamics and interactions in living nuclei. Within minutes after the incubation of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells with 5μm DRAQ5, the distributions of RNA polymerase II and some of its associated regulatory proteins HEXIM and cyclin T1 in the nucleus are severely impaired, and transcription is inhibited. Furthermore, 30min exposure to DRAQ5 induces death of U2OS cells 24h later. Incubation with Hoechst 33342 under similar conditions does not induce these effects. These results emphasize the importance of carefully examining the functional consequences of labeling DNA with intercalating fluorescent dyes before use.
Spot-diffusing and fly-eye receivers for indoor infrared wireless communications (2003)

A new configuration featured as using spot-diffusing, multiple line-of-sights and fly-eye receivers is proposed for indoor optical wireless communications. Design issues such as suitable light sources, power budget, ambient light interference and fly-eye design are discussed based on simple geometric models. An experiment is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the spot diffusing concept.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>