gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible electrochemical reduction and oxidation of cytochrome c at a bis(4-pyridyl) disulphide-modified gold electrode (1982)

At a gold electrode on which bis(4-pyridyl) disulphide had been pre-adsorbed, horse heart ferricytochrome c exhibited a well developed quasi-reversible redox wave by cyclic voltammetry in the absence of any promoter in the solution.
Effect of Supplementary Light on Anthocyanin Synthesis in ‘McIntosh’ Apples1 (1971)

Abstract Attached green apples of the cultivar ‘McIntosh’ exposed to the natural prevailing light within the tree canopy supplemented by continuous irradiation for 48 hours demonstrated that “Daylight” or “Grolux” fluorescent lamps were more efficient than incandescent or mercury-vapor lamps in promotion of anthocyanin synthesis. No anthocyanin was formed at energy levels less than 0.5 mW/cm 2 for 48 hours. This suggested a minimum energy requirement of about 100 joules/cm 2 for the initiation of anthocyanin synthesis, or a minimum intensity for response. The potential of these apples to synthesize anthocyanin when exposed to supplementary light was greatest about August 20. The anthocyanin induced in green apples within the tree by suplementary irradiation was gradually lost after the energy source was removed. Length of the induction stage for anthocyanin formation in continuous irradiation was the same, about 12-15 hours, for both attached and detached apples. If attached green apples were exposed to alternating light and dark periods, instead of continuous irradiation, 9 hours of supplementary irradiation (about 58 joules/cm 2 ) at an intensity of 0.5 mW/cm 2 was adequate to initiate pigment synthesis.
Photoluminescene and Pair Spectrum in Boron Phosphide (1966)

The photoluminescence spectrum of BP was measured at 1.8, 5.0, and 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K spectrum consists of four bands, one of which appears to be caused by inclusions of phosphorus atoms. At 1.8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, in addition to the four bands, a donor-acceptor pair spectrum was observed (type-II spectrum) similar to that observed by Hopfield and co-workers in GaP.
Combination of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor PCI-32765 with bendamustine (B)/rituximab (R) (BR) in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): Interim results of a phase Ib/II study. (2012)

6515^ Background: BTK is an essential mediator of B cell receptor signaling and a critical kinase for lymphoma cell survival. PCI-32765 (P), an oral, selective, irreversible inhibitor of BTK, inhibits proliferation, migration and adhesion in CLL cells, and is highly active as a single agent for the treatment of R/R CLL pts. (O’Brien ASH 2011). BR produces an overall response rate (ORR) of 59% in R/R CLL (Fischer JCO 2011). We report interim data on P combined with BR. Methods: R/R CLL pts received P 420 mg orally daily for 28-day (D) cycles (C) until disease progression (PD). B was administered 70 mg/m 2 on D1 and D2 combined with R 375 mg/m 2 on D0 for C1 and 500 mg/m 2 on D1 for subsequent courses for a maximum of 6 cycles. Response was evaluated according to IWCLL criteria. Results: 30 pts were enrolled. Median age of pts was 62 yrs (range 41-82). 46% of pts were Rai stage III/IV and the median # of prior therapies was 2 (range 1-4). 37% and 13% were considered refractory (treatment free interval <12 mo) to a purine analog containing regimen or BR, respectively. Bulky disease was present in 52%. Adverse events (AE) have been consistent with that expected with BR. Gr 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia have been noted in 47% and 10% of pts, respectively. Grade >3 non-hematologic AEs potentially related to P included rash (3 pts) and fatigue and tumor lysis reported in 2 pts each. There were no Gr 3/4 infusion reactions. There have been no discontinuations (D/C) due to AE and no deaths on study. At a median follow-up of 4.9 mos (range 2.7-8.3 mo) 16 pts have completed BR and 14 pts are still receiving BR. The ORR is 90% (27/30 pts) (CR 10%, PR 80%). 2 additional pts achieved a nodal response with residual lymphocytosis. Responses appear independent of high-risk clinical or genomic features. 90% of pts remain on study; reasons for D/C include PD (n=2) and 1 pt pursuing SCT. Conclusions: PCI-32765, in combination with BR, is highly active. The high ORR, low rate of PD, and good tolerability compares very favorably with historical controls, warranting additional investigation of this combination.
Action of skin penetration enhancers—the Lipid Protein Partitioning theory (1988)

Synopsis Skin penetration enhancers reversibly decrease the barrier resistance of the stratum corneum and allow drugs to penetrate more readily to the viable tissues and the systemic circulation. This paper presents a general theory for accelerant activity based on possible alterations at the molecular level of the components of the horny layer. Within the intercellular route, enhancers may interact at the polar head groups of the lipids, within aqueous regions between lipid head groups, and between the lipophilic tails of the bilayer. Inside the corneocyte it is the keratin fibrils and their associated water that are the targets. High concentrations of solvents may also alter partitioning processes. Because of the involvement of lipid and protein modifications, together with partitioning phenomena, the scheme of possible enhancer interactions has been termed the Lipid Protein Partitioning (LPP) theory. This theory is applied specifically to water, Azone, dimethylsulphoxide, dimethylformamide, 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, oleic acid, decylmethylsulphoxide, sodium lauryl sulphate and propylene glycol.
Comparative activities of ciprofloxacin, ticarcillin, and tobramycin against experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia (1984)

The therapeutic efficacy of ciprofloxacin, an investigational quinoline derivative, was compared with those of ticarcillin and tobramycin in guinea pigs with experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Guinea pigs challenged with tracheal instillations of 10(8) CFU of P. aeruginosa developed acute pneumonia, for which survival rates were: controls, 0%; ticarcillin treatment, 37%; ciprofloxacin treatment, 57%; and tobramycin treatment, 69%. Intrapulmonary killing of P. aeruginosa was greater (P less than 0.05) in animals treated with ciprofloxacin or tobramycin than in groups treated with ticarcillin. A more chronic, nonfatal form of bronchopneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa was induced with agar beads impregnated with bacteria for pulmonary challenge. In this model, ciprofloxacin treatment resulted in significantly (P less than 0.001) greater intrapulmonary killing than did any other therapy. These data suggest that ciprofloxacin may be useful in the treatment of acute and more-chronic forms of pulmonary infection caused by P. aeruginosa.
Lipid‐Lowering Effect of Eriocitrin, the Main Flavonoid in Lemon Fruit, in Rats on a High‐Fat and High‐Cholesterol Diet (2006)

ABSTRACT: Eriocitrin (eriodictyol 7‐ O ‐β‐rutinoside) is the main flavonoid in lemon fruit. In this study, eriocitrin was investigated for its lowering effect on serum and hepatic lipids in high‐fat and high‐cholesterol fed rats. Rats in the control group ( N = 6) were fed a 20% lard and 1% cholesterol diet for 21 d, and rats in the 0.35% eriocitrin group ( N = 6) and 0.70% eriocitrin group ( N = 6) were fed a diet supplemented with eriocitrin 0.35% and 0.70%, respectively. The content of hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride in the eriocitrin group was no different from that of the control group. The total cholesterol, VLDL+LDL, triglyceride, and phospholipid in the serum of the 0.35% eriocitrin group showed significantly lower concentrations than the control group ( P < 0.05), although there was no difference in the HDL concentrations among the groups. The lowering effect of eriocitrin for serum total cholesterol was thought to be caused by a decrease in VLDL+LDL. The 0.35% eriocitrin group was shown to have a significant increase in excretion of fecal bile acid ( P < 0.05) and a tendency for enhanced hepatic m‐RNA levels of LDL receptor in comparison with the control group.
Reviewing the review process : new frontiers of peer review (2016)

This news article introduces a new COST Action entitled PEERE (TD1306), which stands for New Frontiers of Peer Review (PEERE). PEERE is a trans-domain proposal which brings together researchers from various different disciplines and science stake-holders for the purpose of reviewing the process of peer review. PEERE officially began in May 2014 and will end in May 2018. Thirty-one countries, including Malta, are currently participating in the Action. In order to set the context in which this COST Action was initiated, we first look very briefly at the history of the process of peer review and various models of peer review currently in use. We then share what this COST Action hopes to achieve.
Functional Characterization of Sequence Motifs in the Transit Peptide of Arabidopsis Small Subunit of Rubisco (2005)

The transit peptides of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins are necessary and sufficient for targeting and import of proteins into chloroplasts. However, the sequence information encoded by transit peptides is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated sequence motifs in the transit peptide of the small subunit of the Rubisco complex by examining the ability of various mutant transit peptides to target green fluorescent protein reporter proteins to chloroplasts in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf protoplasts. We divided the transit peptide into eight blocks (T1 through T8), each consisting of eight or 10 amino acids, and generated mutants that had alanine (Ala) substitutions or deletions, of one or two T blocks in the transit peptide. In addition, we generated mutants that had the original sequence partially restored in single- or double-T-block Ala (A) substitution mutants. Analysis of chloroplast import of these mutants revealed several interesting observations. Single-T-block mutations did not noticeably affect targeting efficiency, except in T1 and T4 mutations. However, double-T mutants, T2A/T4A, T3A/T6A, T3A/T7A, T4A/T6A, and T4A/T7A, caused a 50% to 100% loss in targeting ability. T3A/T6A and T4A/T6A mutants produced only precursor proteins, whereas T2A/T4A and T4A/T7A mutants produced only a 37-kD protein. Detailed analyses revealed that sequence motifs ML in T1, LKSSA in T3, FP and RK in T4, CMQVW in T6, and KKFET in T7 play important roles in chloroplast targeting. In T1, the hydrophobicity of ML is important for targeting. LKSSA in T3 is functionally equivalent to CMQVW in T6 and KKFET in T7. Furthermore, subcellular fractionation revealed that Ala substitution in T1, T3, and T6 produced soluble precursors, whereas Ala substitution in T4 and T7 produced intermediates that were tightly associated with membranes. These results demonstrate that the transit peptide contains multiple motifs and that some of them act in concert or synergistically.
Cleavage of N-thiobenzoyl-dipeptides with trifluoroacetic acid: the basis of a new stepwise degradation of polypeptides (1967)

G. C. Barrett, Chem. Commun. (London), 1967, 487 DOI: 10.1039/C19670000487
Polyclonal activation of human lymphocytes <i>in vitro</i>. I. Characterization of the lymphocyte response to a T cell-independent B cell mitogen. (1980)

The staphylococcal cell wall component protein A (SpA) and formalinized, Cowan I strain Staphylococcal organisms (STA) were compared with the lectins phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen for their ability to trigger proliferation of normal human lymphocytes, lymphocyte subpopulations, and cells from patients with primary immune deficiency diseases. SpA was found to be a potent T cell mitogen, very similar to the other lectins tested. It failed to stimulate purified non-T cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with different forms of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). STA, treated to prevent the leakage of soluble SpA during culture, exclusively stimulated non-T cells: the responding cell population was characterized to be E-rosette negative but positive for C3 receptors, surface Ia, a receptor for STA itself, and likely carried surface immunoglobulin. Normal responses to STA were found in patients with the adenosine deaminase-positive form of SCID. In 18 patients with humoral immune deficiency syndromes, the presence of STA responses was correlated with the presence of circulating, surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells. A commercial STA preparation was rendered B cell specific after reformalinization, a procedure that eliminated the shedding of soluble SpA under culture conditions.
Quantification of relative coronary arterial stenosis by cinevideodensitometric analysis of coronary arteriograms. (1984)

A computerized method for measuring relative coronary arterial stenosis by cinevideodensitometric analysis of 35 mm coronary arteriograms was developed and validated. Video images of projected coronary arteriographic frames were digitized into a 512 X 512 matrix (256 gray levels) by computer analysis that compared integrated contrast density measured over stenotic and normal arterial segments after background subtraction. Pixel density was 70 to 80 pixels/mm2 actual area. In phantom studies performed on plexiglass cylinders, cinevideodensitometric measurements correlated linearly with concentration of contrast medium (r = .99), with cross-sectional areas (r = .99) of contrast-filled cylinders 1 to 4 mm in diameter over a wide range of contrast concentrations (25% to 100%), and with relative stenosis of eccentric lesions in the cylinders (r = .99, SEE = 3.9%). In postmortem studies of patients who died after undergoing coronary arteriography, videodensitometric measurements of relative stenosis correlated highly (r = .97, SEE = 7.0%) with percentage stenosis based on actual area measurements obtained histologically with computer-assisted microscopic planimetry. Cinevideodensitometric analysis of coronary arteriograms was reproducible (r = .92, SEE = 7.7%), and interobserver variability was low (r = .99, SEE = 4.3%). In addition, videodensitometry provided comparable values for eccentric coronary lesions filmed in right anterior oblique and left anterior oblique projections (r = .99, SEE = 1.9%). Cinevideodensitometric analysis is an accurate, rapid method for quantifying the relative stenosis of eccentric coronary lesions without manual tracing of arterial borders.
A diffuse-interface method for simulating two-phase flows of complex fluids (2004)

Two-phase systems of microstructured complex fluids are an important class of engineering materials. Their flow behaviour is interesting because of the coupling among three disparate length scales: molecular or supra-molecular conformation inside each component, mesoscopic interfacial morphology and macroscopic hydrodynamics. In this paper, we propose a diffuse-interface approach to simulating the flow of such materials. The diffuse-interface model circumvents certain numerical difficulties in tracking the interface in the classical sharp-interface description. More importantly, our energy-based variational formalism makes it possible to incorporate complex rheology easily, as long as it is due to the evolution of a microstructure describable by a free energy. Thus, complex rheology and interfacial dynamics are treated in a unified framework. An additional advantage of our model is that the energy law of the system guarantees the existence of a solution. We will outline the general approach for any two-phase complex fluids, and then present, as an example, a detailed formulation for an emulsion of nematic drops in a Newtonian matrix. Using spectral discretizations, we compute shear-induced deformation, head-on collision and coalescence of drops where the matrix and drop phases are Newtonian or viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluids. Numerical results are compared with previous studies as a validation of the theoretical model and numerical code. Finally, we simulate the retraction of an extended nematic drop in a Newtonian matrix as a method for measuring interfacial tension.
Load-balancing for a real-time system based on asymmetric multi-processing (2004)

ARTiS is a project that aims at enhancing the Linux kernel with better real-time properties. It allows to retain the flexibility and ease of development of a normal application for the real-time applications while keeping the whole power of SMP (Symmetric Multi-Processors) systems for their ex-
Deployment of Intrusion Detection System in Cloud: A Performance-Based Study (2017)

The aim of Cloud Computing environment is to provide low cost, reliable, rapid, on-demand services to the users anywhere and anytime. But with its rapid development the security challenges are numerous. The capability of the malicious users to compromise cloud security from outside and inside has increased many folds. Hence organizations and users are skeptical about the security of cloud based services. To detect various attack patterns there are different deployment scenarios and detection methods of intrusion detection system( IDS) a cloud administrator can adopt. The Network IDS and Host IDS techniques have gone a long way in detection of known and unknown attacks in cloud infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). This paper focuses on deployment of signaturebased IDS for detection of intrusion at network level and cloud VM instances. It discusses the flow of traffic in provider and self-service provider network architecture in OpenStack environment and use of port mirroring to detect intrusion. The results evaluate the CPU and memory performance measure of IDS and management of the alerts generated due to malicious and non-malicious traffic at varying speed.
Blood viscosity, coagulation, and activated protein C resistance in central retinal vein occlusion: a population controlled study. (1996)

Increased blood viscosity may contribute to the production of CRVO by inducing stasis of blood flow, with thrombus formation in at risk individuals who go on to develop iris neovascularisation.
Critical Role of Interlayer in Hf<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Ferroelectric FET Nonvolatile Memory Performance (2018)

We fabricate, characterize, and establish the critical design criteria of Hf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> Zr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (HZO)-based ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) for nonvolatile memory application. We quantify VTH shift from electron (hole) trapping in the vicinity of ferroelectric (FE)/interlayer (IL) interface, induced by erase (program) pulse, and VTH shift from polarization switching to determine true memory window (MW). The devices exhibit extrapolated retention up to 10 years at 85 °C and endurance up to 5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> cycles initiated by the IL breakdown. Endurance up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cycles of partial polarization switching is shown in metal-FE-metal capacitor, in the absence of IL. A comprehensive metal- FE-insulator-semiconductor FeFET model is developed to quantify the electric field distribution in the gate-stack, and an IL design guideline is established to markedly enhance MW, retention characteristics, and cycling endurance.
Finding DC operating points of transistor circuits using homotopy methods (1991)

Finding the DC operating points of transistor circuits is one of the most important tasks in electrical circuit simulation. To resolve DC convergence difficulties that often arise when simulating bipolar and MOS transistor circuits, the authors use homotopy methods to solve nonlinear circuit equations. The authors exploit the properties of the equations and construct various homotopies that prove useful in finding their solutions. Criteria are provided for choosing homotopy parameters and a good starting point for homotopy paths. Homotopy methods are robust, accurate, and capable of finding multiple operating points. The authors present a circuit that could not be simulated using techniques available in current circuit simulators, while the solutions were successfully obtained using homotopy methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
"Allergic breakthrough" after antigen sensitization: height of IgE synthesis is temporally related to diurnal variation in endogenous steroid production. (1980)

Mice of the SJL strain normally display the low IgE responder phenotype. In the course of extensive studies on IgE responses with this strain of mice, it because apparent that the magnitudes of IgE antibody synthesis by SJL mice varied after antigen sensitization either alone or in conjunction with exposure to optimal enhancing doses of whole body irradiation. Analysis of the basis for this variability revealed that SJL respond to antigen sensitization by displaying cyclical IgE response curves determined by the time of day the sensitization is carried out. Moreover, when these low responders are converted to the high responder phenotype by low dose irradiation, the time of irradiation determines the magnitude of the IgE response obtained, whereas the time of antigen challenge determines the potential for generating a good response. The diurnal curve of IgE responses in both unirradiated and irradiation-enhanced low responder mice appears to be determined by normal variations in levels of endogenous corticosteroids, as indicated by the correlation between the normal diurnal curve of endogenous steroid production with the cyclical pattern of IgE responses. This apparent effect of endogenous steroid production on IgE antibody synthesis is supported by experiments demonstrating that the normal IgE pattern in both unirradiated and irradiated mice can be perturbed by administration of cortisone at the proper time of day. These results indicate that IgE antibody synthesis displays unique sensitivity to fluctuations in plasma steroid levels and may have significant implications for the role of steroids in the pathogenesis and management of allergic diseases.
Potentiometric Sensing of Chiral Amino Acids (2003)

Recognition of enantiomers of amino acids was achieved with potentiometric measurements using chiral sensors constructed by a surface imprinting technique. The sensors exhibited recognition properties toward one isomer of racemic N-carbobenzoxy-aspartic acids (N-CBZ-Asp) without any preseparation processes. The sensors translated the enantioselective recognition event into a potential change by detecting optically active N-CBZ-Asp in a concentration range of 5.0 × 10-6−1.2 × 10-2 M. The enantiomeric selectivity coefficients of the sensors for the counter isomers were in the range of 4.0 × 10-3−9.0 × 10-3. The sensitivity of these sensors is assigned to the specific surface modification of the electrodes resulting in chiral recognition and to the coupled transduction activity of the sensor.