gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
0819 Thermal Effects on Composite Photopolymerization Monitored by Real-time NIR (2003)

Objectives: This study was designed to apply a near-infrared spectroscopic technique to define the effect of modest external heating on the photopolymerization of composite restorative materials. Methods: NIR spectra were collected at high temporal resolution to monitor disappearance of the methacrylate overtone absorption at 6164 cm-1 as composite specimens were irradiated at room temperature or 54.5 oC. Three commercial composite restorative materials (Filtek, Herculite and SureFil) were photocured using three commercial curing units: quartz halogen (QHL75), light emitting diode (Elipar Freelight) and plasma arc light (ADT 1000). The immediate conversion and final conversion after post-cure were analyzed for each material, light and temperature combination. In addition, the time to reach 98% of the maximum conversion during room temperature polymerizations was compared with the time required to achieve this same conversion value at elevated curing temperature. Results: Significantly higher conversion values were found for Herculite compared with either Surefil or Filtek (p < 0.05). Over all materials and irradiation sources, the immediate conversion results obtained at 54.5 °C were increased between 11 and 21 % over corresponding room temperature values. Final post-cure conversion values for heated polymerizations were between 6 and 18 % larger than those derived from ambient cures. Generally, significant post-cure conversion gains were observed for ambient temperature polymerizations while no significant post-cure resulted at elevated cure temperatures. The higher cure rates obtained at elevated temperature are evident in the time differential to reach equivalent conversion with room temperature and heated polymerizations, which ranged from a 51 % reduction for the Filtek/plasma arc light combination to a 92 % reduction for the SureFil/LED combination. Conclusion: Dynamic NIR provides a versatile method to analyze the photopolymerization process in dental composites. Photocuring composites at elevated temperatures can result in significantly increased conversion values and dramatically increased polymerization rates. Supported by AdDent
Polysaccharides as Excipients for Ocular Topical Formulations (2011)

The topical treatment of extraocular or intraocular diseases, especially by eye drops, is the best accepted by patients. Treatment with eye drops, however, poses the issue of a poor drug bioavailability because the precorneal area, i. e., the site of drug action/absorption, is rapidly cleared of drugs by protective mechanisms of the eye, such as blinking, basal and reflex tearing, and nasolachrymal drainage. This implies the need of frequent instillations, and hence, the risk of side effects. Increasing ocular bioavailability remains a stimulating challenge for the formulators of topical systems. An approach to the task has been the reduction of drainage rate by increasing the viscosity of liquid preparations (Lee & Robinson, 1986) or resorting to mucoadhesive polymers (Hui & Robinson, 1985). The ability of a polymer to improve the ocular bioavailability of drugs by adhering to the ocular surface and binding the drug to it is a more promising property than the polymer viscosifying power (Di Colo et al., 2009), so far as fluid solutions are better tolerated than viscous ones (Winfield et al., 1990). The ocular retention of drugs administered by eye drops is also potentially improved by colloidal drug carriers, such as liposomes, submicron emulsions, nanoparticles and nanocapsules. The drugs are incorporated into these submicron particles which can be internalized into the corneal and/or conjunctival cells of the ocular epithelium (Alonso & Sanchez, 2009; Nagarwal et al., 2009). Prolonging the residence of drugs in the precorneal area serves either the extraor intraocular therapy. In those cases where a well tolerated topical treatment is desired to implement an intraocular therapy, the ocular formulation can be made to contain an effective, biocompatible, non-irritant polymeric corneal permeability enhancer. A description of the structures of the eye that come into contact with topical drug delivery systems has been reported recently (Ludwig, 2005). A summary is given in the next section, followed by an outline of the routes of intraocular drug penetration. Polysaccharides such as chitosan, xyloglucan, arabinogalactan, cellulose derivatives (methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose), hyaluronic acid, alginic acid, gellan gum, have been studied extensively as excipients for ocular formulations. In the present survey of the literature the relevant properties of polysaccharides will be presented and discussed, with emphasis on the functions of polymers in the ophthalmic formulations where they have been used. Only polysaccharides the ocular tolerability of which has been ascertained will be dealt with.
Network value concept in airline revenue management (1998)

Includes bibliographical references (p. 114)
Structural and Functional Models of the Dimanganese Catalase Enzymes. 2. Structure, Electrochemical, Redox, and EPR Properties (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural and Functional Models of the Dimanganese Catalase Enzymes. 2. Structure, Electrochemical, Redox, and EPR PropertiesP. J. Pessiki, S. V. Khangulov, D. M. Ho, and G. C. DismukesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3, 891–897Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00082a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00082a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views583Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A phylogenetic analysis of microbial communities associated with methane hydrate containing marine fluids and sediments in the Cascadia margin (ODP site 892B) (1999)

Methane hydrates represent an enormous carbon and energy source in many low temperature deep marine sediments. However, little information is available concerning the nature of the microbial communities associated with these structures. Here, we describe a phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences obtained from sediment and fluid samples present in a region of gas hydrate formation in shallow sediments within the Cascadia margin in and around Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 892B. Our studies detected diverse sulfur-utilizing microbes, methanogens, methanotrophs, and non-thermophilic members of the kingdom Crenarchaeota. This is the first culture-independent phylogenetic analysis of a gas hydrate habitat.
Broadband probe-fed patch antenna with a U-shaped ground plane for cross-polarization reduction (2002)

A broadband probe-fed patch antenna with a novel three-dimensional (3D) U-shaped ground plane is proposed and experimentally studied. The proposed antenna has a thick air substrate, and by placing the two flanges of the U-shaped ground plane in parallel to and at a suitable distance from the radiating edges of the antenna's radiating patch, a wide impedance bandwidth (>25%) with much reduced cross-polarization radiation can be obtained, compared to the case with a conventional planar ground plane. In addition, enhanced antenna gain for the proposed antenna is also observed. Details of the proposed antenna and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Excretion of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D into the culture medium (2002)

Glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was excreted from infected cells into the medium. Peptide mapping analysis and lectin binding assays suggested that the gD in the medium is secreted after full glycosylation and cleavage at its C terminus. Release of HSV-2 gD was inhibited by addition of either tunicamycin or brefeldin A, suggesting that the gD in the medium was secreted through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
Simulated virtual market place by using <i>voiscape</i> communication medium (2005)

We are developing a new voice communication medium called voiscape. Voiscape enables natural and seamless bi-directional voice communication by using sound to create a virtual sound room. In a sound room, people can feel others' direction and distance expressed by spatial sounds with reverberations, and they can move freely by using a map of the room. Voiscape enables multi-voice-conversations. In a virtual market place that will be realized by voiscape, people can not only buy goods or information but also enjoy talking with merchants and people there. In this demo, a voiscape prototype called VPII is used for realizing such an environment. Unfortunately, because prerecorded voices are used in this demo, the participants cannot talk with merchants. However, the participants can talk each other with small end-to-end latency (less than 200 ms) and will feel the atmosphere of the virtual market place. Prerecorded people and merchants talk each other in English, Japanese and Chinese in parallel and with crossovers, and participants can virtually walk among them and can selectively listen one voice or hear multiple voices at once.
Virus-vectored immunocontraception of feral mammals (1994)

The potential value of immunosterilization as a means to control species of wildlife that are widespread, numerous and undesirable is assessed. Key questions about the efficacy of fertility control and the means for delivering antigens expressed in recombinant viral vectors are discussed and the legal and social concerns that relate to its possible future use are raised.
Substituted Indoleacetic Acids Tested in Tissue Cultures (1978)

Abstract Monochloro substituted indole‐3‐acetic acids inhibited shoot induction in tobacco tissue cultures about as much as IAA. Dichloro substituted indole‐3‐acetic acids inhibited shoot formation less. Other substituted indoleacetic acids except 5‐fluoro‐ and 5‐bromoindole‐3‐acetic acid were less active than IAA. Callus growth was quite variable and not correlated with auxin strength measured in the Avena coleoptile test.
Immunogenic activity of a ribosomal fraction obtained from Pasteurella multocida (1977)

The cells of P. multocida strain P-1059 were destroyed with the French pressure cell; the ribosomal fraction proven to be homogeneous by analytical ultracentrifugation was obtained from the product by centrifugal fractionation, zonal electrophoresis, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The ribosomal fraction exhibited intense protective antigenicity in mice and chickens, but the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) and the other bacterial cell fraction obtained in this experiment did not. Sodium deoxycholate treatment of the ribosomal fraction resulted in only a 13% loss in immunological activity, and ribonuclease treatment caused a 60% loss of activity.
Separation of Cations by Foam and Bubble Fractionation (1977)

ABSTRACT A comparison is made of separation techniques based upon, surface activity in foam and/or bubble contactors. Factors involved in separation by foam and bubble fractionation are evaluated, especially those governing capacity and selectivity for removal of metallic counter—ions. Experimental results are presented for the removal of copper, cobalt and nickel. Methods of measuring surface equilibria are outlined, and results for metal—ion systems are analyzed in terms of diffuse—double—layer and mass—action theories. Mathematical models are presented for the analysis of combined bubble and foam fractionation. An analytical solution is obtained for the case of infinitely rapid mass transfer and linear surface equilibrium, and is extended through a graphical approach suitable for general, non—linear equilibria. A design improvement for enhanced removal of counter—ion species involves adding surfactant to a point in a bubble column well below the main feed containing the species to be separated.
G. Nolet (ed.) 1987. Seismic Tomography with Applications in Global Seismology and Exploration Geophysics. x + 386 pp. Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, Tokyo: D. Reidel (Kluwer). Price Dfl 170.00, US $68.00, UK £46.75 (hard covers). ISBN 90 277 25217 (hard covers), 90 277 2583 7 (paperback). (1990)

G. Nolet (ed.) 1987. Seismic Tomography with Applications in Global Seismology and Exploration Geophysics. x + 386 pp. Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, Tokyo: D. Reidel (Kluwer). Price Dfl 170.00, US $68.00, UK £46.75 (hard covers). ISBN 90 277 25217 (hard covers), 90 277 2583 7 (paperback). - Volume 127 Issue 1
Economic cost of autism in the UK (2009)

Autism has lifetime consequences, with potentially a range of impacts on the health, wellbeing, social integration and quality of life of individuals and families. Many of those impacts are economic. This study estimated the costs of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in the UK. Data on prevalence, level of intellectual disability and place of residence were combined with average annual costs of services and support, together with the opportunity costs of lost productivity. The costs of supporting children with ASDs were estimated to be pound 2.7 billion each year. For adults, these costs amount to pound 25 billion each year. The lifetime cost, after discounting, for someone with ASD and intellectual disability is estimated at approximately pound 1.23 million, and for someone with ASD without intellectual disability is approximately pound 0.80 million.
Tracking Algorithm Using Background-Foreground Motion Models and Multiple Cues (2006)

We present a stochastic tracking algorithm for surveillance videos where targets are dim and of low resolution. Our tracker is mainly based on the particle filter algorithm. Two important novel features of the tracker include: a motion model consisting of both background and foreground motion parameters; multiple cues are adaptively integrated in a system observation model when estimating the likelihood functions. Based on these features, the accuracy and robustness of the tracker has been improved, which is very important for surveillance problems. We present the results of applying the proposed algorithm to many videos.
Spontaneously organized molecular assemblies. 2. Quantitative infrared spectroscopic determination of equilibrium structures of solution-adsorbed n-alkanoic acids on an oxidized aluminum surface (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpontaneously organized molecular assemblies. 2. Quantitative infrared spectroscopic determination of equilibrium structures of solution-adsorbed n-alkanoic acids on an oxidized aluminum surfaceDavid L. Allara and Ralgh G. NuzzoCite this: Langmuir 1985, 1, 1, 52–66Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00061a008https://doi.org/10.1021/la00061a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2719Altmetric-Citations640LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MEMS for Photonic Integrated Circuits (2019)

The field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) is reviewed. This field leverages mechanics at the nanometer to micrometer scale to improve existing components and introduce novel functionalities in PICs. This review covers the MEMS actuation principles and the mechanical tuning mechanisms for integrated photonics. The state of the art of MEMS tunable components in PICs is quantitatively reviewed and critically assessed with respect to suitability for large-scale integration in existing PIC technology platforms. MEMS provide a powerful approach to overcome current limitations in PIC technologies and to enable a new design dimension with a wide range of applications.
The International Context (1995)

The European Community’s policy towards Central America and intervention in Central America developed both as a result of factors internal to the member states and of external inputs. The most important of the latter was US policy towards the region. Also of significance was the Nicaraguan revolution and the Latin and Central American peace processes. This chapter provides a short and necessarily derivative review of these issues in order to provide an empirical context for the following, more detailed discussion, which reviews, inter alia, the Community’s response to those inputs.
Chirality-Controlled and Solvent-Templated Catenation Isomerism in Metal−Organic Frameworks (2008)

A family of highly porous homochiral, racemic, and meso metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized based on a new elongated tetra-carboxylate ligand and the copper paddle-wheel building units. These MOFs exhibited remarkable catenation isomerism that is controlled by both chirality of the bridging ligand and the size of solvent molecules. The ability to manipulate framework interpenetration is key to future synthesis of mesoporous homochiral MOFs which hold great promise in heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis and chiral separations.
A self-powered UV photodetector based on TiO2 nanorod arrays (2013)

Large-area vertical rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays (TNAs) were grown on F/SnO2 conductive glass using a hydrothermal method at low temperature. A self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetector based on TiO2 nanorod/water solid-liquid heterojunction is designed and fabricated. These nanorods offer an enlarged TiO2/water contact area and a direct pathway for electron transport simultaneously. By connecting this UV photodetector to an ammeter, the intensity of UV light can be quantified using the output short-circuit photocurrent without a power source. A photosensitivity of 0.025 A/W and a quick response time were observed. At the same time, a high photosensitivity in a wide range of wavelength was also demonstrated. This TNA/water UV detector can be a particularly suitable candidate for practical applications for its high photosensitivity, fast response, excellent spectral selectivity, uncomplicated low-cost fabrication process, and environment-friendly feature.
Monoclonal antibody identifies a 200-kDa subunit of the dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel. (1987)

A monoclonal antibody, mAb 1A, that immunoprecipitates the [3H]PN200-110-binding complex from rabbit skeletal muscle has been used to study the subunit structure of the dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-activated calcium channel. Digitonin-solubilized [3H]PN200-110-binding component, purified by wheat germ agglutinin chromatography, sediments as a 21 S complex. The sedimentation coefficient of the complex is increased to about 24 S after incubation with mAb 1A IgG. Four polypeptides with apparent molecular weights under nonreducing conditions of 220,000, 200,000, 61,000, and 33,000 co-sediment with the 21 S complex. mAb 1A recognizes the Mr 200,000 polypeptide, as shown by Western blotting analysis. [3H] PN200-110 complex purified by wheat germ agglutinin chromatography followed by immunoaffinity chromatography on an mAb 1A column is comprised primarily of the same four polypeptides. When analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions, the Mr 220,000 protein migrates as a polypeptide of Mr 143,000; the mobility of the Mr 200,000 protein recognized by mAb 1A is unaffected by reduction. Thus, the Mr 200,000 polypeptide appears to be a previously undescribed component of the dihydropyridine-binding complex and, in association with the other polypeptides, may comprise the voltage-sensitive calcium channel.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF CULTURE AND POLITICS: WAR, REVOLUTION, AND THE “THOUGHT WARFARE” OF THE 1910S (2013)

During the May Fourth Culture Movement, Chen Duxiu from New Youth and Du Yaquan of Eastern Miscellany engaged in a series of heated exchanges in their common search for a solution to the Republican crisis and an understanding of World War I. Du argued that nation-states are founded on the cultural and civilizational orientation of its people, therefore the essence of war and the source of political conflict are functions of the thoughts of the people. This insight shifted the debate from the political to the cultural arena, and allowed the May Fourth intellectuals to examine the attributes of Eastern and Western civilizations as a way to counter the threats of Hongxian monarchism, China’s political and social fragmentation, as well as the inadequacies of Western nation-statehood. Du predicted that the future master of the twentieth century would be a scientific laborer with a cultural outlook derived from the mediation of the traditional Chinese and twentieth-century European civilizations.</emph>1
Realization of a dynamically reconfigurable preprocessor (2002)

Our research demonstrates the feasibility of employing field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to realize high-speed algorithm-specific processing architectures for avionic signal processing applications. Architectures composed of FPGAs provide a low-cost and flexible alternative to custom hard-wired preprocessors and a lower-cost, physically smaller alternative to massively parallel processors (both SIMD and MIMD machines). Algorithm segments which require processing hundreds of millions of operations per second have been mapped into a single FPGA device. This technology may ultimately fill a range of processing requirements in the areas of radar and communication processing as well as image enhancement applications. The application of configurable logic devices allows realization of processing architectures to efficiently compute low-level algorithmic functions, or segments. Reconfiguration of FPGAs to implement several algorithm segments is analogous to selecting subroutines to form a software algorithm suite in a conventional processor, since it can be accomplished without hardware modification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>