gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Region Tracking-Based Vehicle Detection Algorithm in Nighttime Traffic Scenes (2013)

The preceding vehicles detection technique in nighttime traffic scenes is an important part of the advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). This paper proposes a region tracking-based vehicle detection algorithm via the image processing technique. First, the brightness of the taillights during nighttime is used as the typical feature, and we use the existing global detection algorithm to detect and pair the taillights. When the vehicle is detected, a time series analysis model is introduced to predict vehicle positions and the possible region (PR) of the vehicle in the next frame. Then, the vehicle is only detected in the PR. This could reduce the detection time and avoid the false pairing between the bright spots in the PR and the bright spots out of the PR. Additionally, we present a thresholds updating method to make the thresholds adaptive. Finally, experimental studies are provided to demonstrate the application and substantiate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can simultaneously reduce both the false negative detection rate and the false positive detection rate.
Lymphatic endothelial cells induce tolerance via PD-L1 and lack of costimulation leading to high-level PD-1 expression on CD8 T cells (2012)

Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) induce peripheral tolerance by direct presentation to CD8 T cells (T(CD8)). We demonstrate that LECs mediate deletion only via programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) ligand 1, despite expressing ligands for the CD160, B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator, and lymphocyte activation gene-3 inhibitory pathways. LECs induce activation and proliferation of T(CD8), but lack of costimulation through 4-1BB leads to rapid high-level expression of PD-1, which in turn inhibits up-regulation of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor that is necessary for T(CD8) survival. Rescue of tyrosinase-specific T(CD8) by interference with PD-1 or provision of costimulation results in autoimmune vitiligo, demonstrating that LECs are significant, albeit suboptimal, antigen-presenting cells. Because LECs express numerous peripheral tissue antigens, lack of costimulation coupled to rapid high-level up-regulation of inhibitory receptors may be generally important in systemic peripheral tolerance.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle: cdc28 and the G1 cyclins. (1991)

Two families of cyclin-like proteins have been found in S. cerevisiae. The clb proteins are the mitotic cyclins. The cln proteins provide an essential function, are required for the G1/S transition, and appear to be rate-limiting for START, but have no obvious role elsewhere in the cycle. The cln proteins are unstable; they form complexes with cdc28; the complexes have protein kinase activity; and at least one of the clns oscillates in abundance through the cell cycle. The action of the cln cyclins at START suggests that they may be 'G1 cyclins'.
Synthesis and Trapping of 3,4,3',4'-Tetradehydrobiphenyl (Bisbenzyne) (1991)

3,3'-Dicarboxy-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl was synthesized from Onitrobenzoic acid following standard procedures. Diazotization of this compound with isoamylnitrite, under approtic condition gave diphenyl-4,4'-bis-diazonium-3,3'-dicarboxylate and subsequent thermal decomposition of this diazonium compound produced 3,4,3',4'-tetradehydrobiphenyl (bisbenzyne) as a reactive intermediate. Bisbenzyne was trapped with the diene 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone via a [4+2]diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction yielding the previously unreported 5,6,7,8,5',6',7',8'-octaphenyl-2,2'-binaphthyl. This novel compound was fully characterized by elemental analysis IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy.
In vitro Immunosuppressive Properties of the Plant Alkaloid Tetrandrine (1988)

Tetrandrine is an extract of the creeper Stephania tetrandra used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. It has recently been shown to retard and even reverse the lesions of silicosis in humans and rats. Data presented in this report indicate that tetrandrine has potent immunosuppressive properties. Mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative responses were markedly reduced even when tetrandrine was added after the initiation of cultures. In vitro antibody synthesis by B cells was also suppressed by tetrandrine, as was the natural killer cell-mediated lysis of K562 cells. It does not interfere with receptor-ligand binding, but does affect the inositol triphosphate second messenger system. These effects of tetrandrine were observed at nontoxic concentrations as shown by lymphocyte viability studies. These results indicate that tetrandrine possesses potent immunosuppressive properties, and may warrant further study in animal models of chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection.
Looking Forward from Archaic Rome (2017)

Abstract This chapter surveys key points in our understanding of the socioeconomic conditions of Rome prior to our first extensive written records. The best evidence indicates that strong traditions of gift giving, including Rome’s distinctive reciprocal patronage, were of long-standing. At the same time, evidence for forms of trade extends well back to Roman pre-history. It discusses when one party left an object with another, who agreed to return it without having used or profited from it, a depositum contract came into being. The chapter takes the fate of patronage over the centuries as the example of a gift institution that was transformed over time, and sets this change beside evidence for the growth in the Roman economy and commerce.
Polymerase chain reaction-mediated DNA fingerprinting for epidemiological studies on Campylobacter spp. (1994)

Summary The applicability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated DNA typing, with primers complementary to dispersed repetitive DNA sequences and arbitrarily chosen DNA motifs, to study the epidemiology of campylobacter infection was evaluated. With a single PCR reaction and simple gel electrophoresis, strain-specific DNA banding patterns were observed for Campylobacter jejuni and C. upsaliensis. DNA from multiple strains isolated during an outbreak of C. jejuni meningitis generated identical banding patterns and could be distinguished from randomly isolated strains. Strains from a community outbreak of C. upsaliensis, that were all identical by conventional typing methods, could be divided into two genetically different groups. This report illustrates that PCR fingerprinting can be successfully applied in epidemiological investigations of campylobacter infections.
Fast growth of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+<i>x</i> and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+<i>x</i> thin crystals at the surface of KCl fluxes (1994)

We report a novel technique to grow crystals of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (2223 and 2212 BSCCO phases), both pure and Pb substituted. The technique, based on chemical transport in a thermal gradient in molten KCl, is simple and inexpensive, and yields a continuous output of crystals, with growth times of a few minutes, i.e., orders of magnitude shorter than conventional flux methods. Depending on melt aging, crystals of either the pure 2223 or the pure 2212 BSCCO phases are obtained, having zero-resistance temperature of 105 and 90 K, respectively, and a transport critical current density of 104 A cm−2 at liquid nitrogen temperature.
The Ratio of Peripheral Regulatory T Cells to Lox-1+ Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells Predicts the Early Response to Anti–PD-1 Therapy in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2018)

title: The Ratio of Peripheral Regulatory T Cells to Lox-1+ Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells Predicts the Early Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, doi: 10.1164/rccm.201808-1502LE, category: Article
Near constant envelope trellis shaping for PSK signaling (2009)

In this paper, we propose a powerful trellis shaping for peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) reduction of pulse-shaped phase shift keying (PSK) systems. The proposed approach consists of 1) memory extension of trellis shaping encoder for capturing the full effect of pulse shaping filter impulse response, and 2) simple branch metrics that quantify envelope fluctuation of the filter output. Simulation results demonstrate that achieving near constant envelope is possible even if a pulse shaping filter with a roll-off factor as low as 0.1 is employed. Furthermore, due to the circular nature of the resulting signal trajectory, the proposed system also exhibits a robustness against sampling timing jitter at the receiver.
Localization of antimicrobial peptides on polymerized liposomes leading to their enhanced efficacy against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2011)

Antimicrobial peptide IG-25 (a truncated version of LL-37 of the cathelicidin family) tethering an azido-capped poly(ethylene glycol) chain at the N-terminus was site-specifically attached to alkynyl-terminated polymerized liposomes using copper catalyzed "click" reaction, leading to an 18 fold enhancement in efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa when compared to LL-37 without any increase in cytotoxicity to human corneal epithelial cells.
AUXIN DISTRIBUTION IN FRUITS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN FRUIT DEVELOPMENT (1939)

Peer Reviewed
Increase in Furfural Tolerance in Ethanologenic Escherichia coli LY180 by Plasmid-Based Expression of <i>thyA</i> (2012)

Furfural is an inhibitory side product formed during the depolymerization of hemicellulose by mineral acids. Genomic libraries from three different bacteria (Bacillus subtilis YB886, Escherichia coli NC3, and Zymomonas mobilis CP4) were screened for genes that conferred furfural resistance on plates. Beneficial plasmids containing the thyA gene (coding for thymidylate synthase) were recovered from all three organisms. Expression of this key gene in the de novo pathway for dTMP biosynthesis improved furfural resistance on plates and during fermentation. A similar benefit was observed by supplementation with thymine, thymidine, or the combination of tetrahydrofolate and serine (precursors for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, the methyl donor for ThyA). Supplementation with deoxyuridine provided a small benefit, and deoxyribose was of no benefit for furfural tolerance. A combination of thymidine and plasmid expression of thyA was no more effective than either alone. Together, these results demonstrate that furfural tolerance is increased by approaches that increase the supply of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides. However, ThyA activity was not directly affected by the addition of furfural. Furfural has been previously shown to damage DNA in E. coli and to activate a cellular response to oxidative damage in yeast. The added burden of repairing furfural-damaged DNA in E. coli would be expected to increase the cellular requirement for dTMP. Increased expression of thyA (E. coli, B. subtilis, or Z. mobilis), supplementation of cultures with thymidine, and supplementation with precursors for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (methyl donor) are each proposed to increase furfural tolerance by increasing the availability of dTMP for DNA repair.
Silicon intercalation at the interface of graphene and Ir(111) (2012)

We report on the structural and electronic properties in the heterostructure of graphene/silicon/Ir(111). A (√19 × √19)R23.41° superstructure is confirmed by low energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy and its formation is ascribed to silicon intercalation at the interface between the graphene and the Ir(111) substrate. The dI/dV measurements indicate that the interaction between graphene and Ir is effectively decoupled after silicon intercalation. Raman spectroscopy also reveals the vibrational states of graphene, G peak and 2D peak, which further demonstrates that the silicon-buffered graphene behaves more like intrinsic graphene.
Radiation Properties of Circularly Polarised Triplate-Type Planar Antenna (1989)

This paper presents the designing techniques and radiation properties of circularly polarised SHF planar arrays composed of triplate-type planar antennas (TPA). In order to verify the performance of this type of array, some test samples were fabricated and tested at the SHF-band.
Robust Photonic Band Gap from Tunable Scatterers (2000)

We show theoretically and experimentally that photonic band gaps can be realized using metal or metal-coated spheres as building blocks. Robust photonic gaps exist in any periodic structure built from such spheres when the filling ratio of the spheres exceeds a threshold. The frequency and the size of the gaps depend on the local order rather than on the symmetry or the global long range order. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained in the microwave regime. Calculations show that the approach can be scaled up to optical frequencies even in the presence of absorption.
Purification of the acyl‐CoA elongase complex from developing rapeseed and characterization of the 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA synthase and the 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydratase (2000)

Oleoyl-CoA elongase catalyzes four successive reactions: condensation of malonyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA, reduction, dehydration, and another reduction. Evidence supporting this mechanism and the multienzymatic nature of the elongation complex are reported. A particulate membrane fraction from rapeseed is able to elongate intermediates (R,S) 3-hydroxy-20:0-CoA and (E) 2,3-20:1-CoA to very long chain fatty acids in the presence of malonyl-CoA. Studies of the 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase activities showed that maximal activity could be measured by using 15 to 30 microM 18:1-CoA and 30 microM malonyl-CoA, and that 18:0-CoA and 18:1-CoA were the best substrates. Comparison of the condensation and the overall elongation activities indicated that condensation is the rate-limiting step of the elongation process. The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity was maximal in the presence of 75 microM Triton X-100 and 25 microg of proteins. Finally, the acyl-CoA elongase complex was solubilized and purified. During the purification process, the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase copurified with the elongase complex, strongly suggesting that this enzyme belongs to the elongase complex. The apparent molecular mass of 700 kDa determined for the elongase complex, and the fact that four different polypeptide bands were detected after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the purified fraction, further suggest that the acyl-CoA elongase is a multienzymatic complex.
Environmentally Assisted Cracking: Concerns for Cadmium Replacement (2003)

Abstract : Recently, cadmium replacement has become the topic of an Environmental Security Technology Certification Program. As a direct result of this program, replacement coating systems will be developed and scrutinized. A fundamental starting point for corrosion-resistant coatings development work consists of a target for the overall chemical potential (galvanic series) and pH of the coating system and the substrate. This work developed the data necessary to determine the target for several high strength steels. Hydrogen is widely recognized as having a detrimental embrittling effect on high strength materials, especially high strength steel. Many of these materials show a strong dependence of hydrogen on chemical potential and pH. This work focused on determining the effect of hydrogen on the environmentally assisted cracking critical stress intensity values (K(sub IEAC)) for several common high strength structural steels. Evaluating the effects of hydrogen on K(sub IEAC) over a range of chemical potential and pH will make the optimum chemical potential and pH evident for each material. It then becomes possible for the coating system designers to tailor a prospective coating system around those optimum values with the various substrates. If a system were designed at the optimum values for chemical potential and pH, the substrate material would be at the most tolerant conditions for resisting detrimental hydrogen effects, regardless of the source of the hydrogen.
Optical properties of thin-film silicon-compatible materials (1997)

The optical performance of photodetectors in silicon strongly depends on the transmission of incident light into Si and the charge collection efficiency therein. Consequently, improving the transmission efficiency of light into Si by means of an interference antireflectant (AR) filter can lead to improved optoelectric conversion efficiency. However, the design of these filters requires the availability of data on the optical characteristics of the materials used. Furthermore, for the realization of such filters for light detectors realized in silicon, the required compatibility with standard microelectronic processing implies that only Si-compatible materials should be used. The range of such Si-compatible materials available for fabricating photoelectric devices in silicon includes thermally grown SiO(2), low-pressure chemical-vapor deposited polysilicon, silicon nitride (low stress and stoichiometric), and oxides (low-temperature oxide, phosphosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, borophosphosilicate glass) as well as plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposited oxynitrides. We present the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of these materials in the 380-800-nm range. The data presented enhance the accuracy and applicability of simulation and design tools used to design photodetectors in silicon for the visible range.
Image-Based Photorealistic 3D Reconstruction Using Hexagonal Representation (2005)

An algorithm for reconstructing photorealistic 3D model from multiple-view images is proposed. The idea is based on the surface light field approach. In the algorithm, a geometric model is reconstructed as a visual hull using an image-based multi-pass algorithm we have developed, then the hull is represented as a quadrilateral-meshed surface. Next, colors of input images are assigned onto each vertex according to viewing directions using a new data structure we have developed. The structure is a hexagonal tessellation based on expansion and replacement of a buckyball. Finally, the hexagonal tessellation is represented as a hexagonal image whose pixels represent colors of corresponding input images. Experimental results for real objects show that 3D data can be successfully generated automatically in a short time and that photorealistic data can be viewed from arbitrary viewpoints even for objects with reflective or translucent surfaces.
Liquid Drying by Solid Desiccant Materials: Experimental Study and Design Method (2008)

The use of consumable solid desiccant materials for organic liquid dehydration is very current in refinery or chemistry processes, especially when the water concentration is very low (<1000 ppm). In spite of its common use, the kinetics of liquid drying by solid desiccants is not well known, and scale-up of industrial drying processes using such materials is always problematic. In this study, the kinetics of drying of two organic liquids, dipropylene-glycol (DPG) and toluene, with some classical “type-1” desiccant materials is analysed. The experiments were done on three different scales, by using different appropriate apparatus: a laboratory stirred reactor, a small pilot and a semi-industrial pilot. The results show that dehydration kinetics is driven by a strong mass transfer limitation. Based on these results, a simple model is developed in order to design industrial drying columns from pilot data. This model is able to predict the time evolution of the water content at the outlet of the column, and the resulting simulations are in good agreement with experiments.
Active transformers for off-hook sensing in telephone applications (1978)

A novel transformer and circuit for off-hook sensing and isolation functions required in telephone applications are described. The transformer features a thin-film InSb Hall sensor integrated into the gap of a modified <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</tex> -core transformer, connected in a feedback circuit. A prototype transformer with 1000 turn 800 mH 100 Ω windings was demonstrated to pass 10 mA voice signals in the presence of 50 mA dc off-hook signals nulled to less than 1 mA by feedback. The sputtering process used to deposit 1-μm thick InSb films on polished ferrite, fabrication of sensors, and the design and implementation of the transformer are also described.
The Major Histocompatibility Complex — Genetics and Biology (1976)

The biologic importance of the chromosomal region, called the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), determining the strong transplantation antigens, lies not only in its pre-eminent role in affecting allograft survival but in the control of a large array of biologic phenomena, including immune responsiveness, development and susceptibility to disease. In fact, one might well think of the MHC as a region important in the determination of cell-surface structures and thereby in cell interactions such as those involved in morphogenesis and the maintenance of individuality. Under the pressure of clinical necessity, most of the available information in man . . .
Phase unwrapping using discontinuity optimization (1998)

In SAR interferometry, the periodicity of the phase must be removed using two-dimensional phase unwrapping. The goal of the procedure is to find a smooth surface in which large spatial phase differences, called discontinuities, are restricted to places where their presence is reasonable. The pioneering work of Goldstein et al. identified points of local unwrap inconsistency called residues, which must be connected by discontinuities. This paper presents an overview of recent work that treats phase unwrapping as a discrete optimization problem with the constraint that residues must be connected. Several algorithms use heuristic methods to reduce the total number of discontinuities. Constantini has introduced the weighted sum of discontinuity magnitudes as a criterion of unwrap error and shown how algorithms from optimization theory are used to minimize it. Pixels of low quality are given low weight to guide discontinuities away from smooth, high-quality regions. This method is generally robust, but if noise is severe it underestimates the steepness of slopes and the heights of peaks. This problem is mitigated by subtracting (module 2/spl pi/) a smooth estimate of the unwrapped phase from the data, then unwrapping the resulting residual phase. The unwrapped residual is added to the smooth estimate to produce the final unwrapped phase. The estimate can be computed by lowpass filtering of an existing unwrapped phase; this makes possible an iterative algorithm in which the result of each iteration provides the estimate for the next. An example illustrates the results of optimal discontinuity placement and the improvement from unwrapping of the residual phase.