gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Material parameters of metamaterials (a Review) (2009)

A theory of the homogenization of a certain class of metamaterials is stated. These metamaterials are volume lattices of electric and magnetic dipoles that are resonant with frequencies that are considerably lower than that of the first Bragg resonance of the lattice. It was shown that, for plates of a metamaterial, which are described by bulk material parameters, transition layers play an important role, and the known Drude notion of transition layers is significantly revised. The paper also discusses a more widespread method of determining the material parameters of metamaterials based on the extraction of the refractive index and the characteristic impedance from the scattering matrix of the plate of the metamaterial. The physical meaning of the material parameters obtained in this way is clarified, and the concept of Bloch lattices related to it is discussed. It is shown that the bulk material parameters and the parameters of transition layers can also be extracted from components of the scattering matrix of plates.
Metabolic Dynamics and Prediction of Gestational Age and Time to Delivery in Pregnant Women (2020)

Metabolism during pregnancy is a dynamic and precisely programmed process, the failure of which can bring devastating consequences to the mother and fetus. To define a high-resolution temporal profile of metabolites during healthy pregnancy, we analyzed the untargeted metabolome of 784 weekly blood samples from 30 pregnant women. Broad changes and a highly choreographed profile were revealed: 4,995 metabolic features (of 9,651 total), 460 annotated compounds (of 687 total), and 34 human metabolic pathways (of 48 total) were significantly changed during pregnancy. Using linear models, we built a metabolic clock with five metabolites that time gestational age in high accordance with ultrasound (R = 0.92). Furthermore, two to three metabolites can identify when labor occurs (time to delivery within two, four, and eight weeks, AUROC ≥ 0.85). Our study represents a weekly characterization of the human pregnancy metabolome, providing a high-resolution landscape for understanding pregnancy with potential clinical utilities.
A CAPE analogue as novel antiplatelet agent efficiently inhibits collagen-induced platelet aggregation. (2014)

These findings suggest that the inhibitory mechanism of CAPE-NO2 on collagen-induced platelet aggregation might be associated with the down-regulation of TXB2, COX-1 and 5-HT and the elevation of NO and cGMP production. These indicators are closely related to platelet function. So CAPE-NO2 may be a promising candidate for the extension of the current spectrum of antiplatelet drugs.
Probabilistic fusion of ATR results (1998)

The problem of combining multi-source information in applications related to automatic target recognition (ATR) is addressed. A mathematical approach is proposed for fusing the (possibly dependent) outputs of multiple ATR systems or algorithms. The method is derived from statistical principles, and the fused decision takes the form of an hypothesis test. The distribution of the test statistic is approximated as gamma, with parameters estimated from available training data. In a brief simulation study, the proposed method outperforms several alternative fusion techniques.
Eliminating Concurrency Bugs with Control Engineering (2009)

In the multicore era, concurrency bugs threaten to reduce programmer productivity, impair software safety, and erode end-user value. Control engineering can eliminate concurrency bugs by constraining software behavior, preventing runtime failures, and offloading onerous burdens from human programmers onto automatically synthesized control logic.
TGFβ<sub>1</sub> Prevents the down‐regulation of type I procollagen, fibronectin, and TGFβ<sub>1</sub> gene expression associated with 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocyte differentiation (1994)

Pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells, after an appropriate induction stimulus, proceed through a defined change in morphology as differentiation progresses. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is able to block the morphological and biochemical changes which occur with differentiation of these cells if given within 36-40 h of induction [Ignotz and Massague (1985): Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:8530-8534]. To begin to elucidate the role of the extracellular matrix in adipogenesis, as well as the mechanism whereby TGF beta 1 inhibits differentiation, we examined the expression of two extracellular matrix genes, type I (alpha 1) procollagen and fibronectin, as well as endogenous TGF beta 1. Confluent cells were induced to differentiate by treatment with insulin, dexamethasone, and isobutylmethylxanthine in the presence or absence of TGF beta 1. Following 6 days of treatment, the cells in the differentiated group acquired the rounded shape of mature adipocytes; the cytosol of these cells also contained numerous lipid-filled vesicles, as demonstrated by oil red O staining. Cells treated with the differentiation compounds in the presence of TGF beta 1 maintained the fibroblast-like appearance of control cells and did not stain with oil red O. At the level of gene expression, both procollagen and fibronectin mRNAs were down-regulated during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. When cells from the control or differentiation groups were treated with TGF beta 1, there was a 2-5-fold induction of procollagen and fibronectin mRNAs throughout the 6-day time course.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Digital pulse-shape analyzer based on fast sampling of an integrated charge pulse (2002)

A novel configuration for pulse-shape analysis and discrimination has been developed. The current pulse from the detector is sent to a gated integrator and then sampled by a flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The sampled data are processed digitally, thus allowing implementation of a near-optimum weighting function and elimination some of the instabilities associated with the gated integrator. The analyzer incorporates pileup rejection circuit that reduces the pileup effects at high counting rates. The system was tested using a liquid scintillator. Figures of merit for neutron-gamma pulse-shape discrimination were found to be: 0.78 for 25 keV (electron equivalent energy) and 3.5 for 500 keV.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growth Mechanism of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers: The Role of Self-Seeding Fullerene Nuclei (2016)

Due to their unique optoelectronic properties and potential for next generation devices, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted a great deal of interest since the first observation of monolayer MoS2 a few years ago. While initially isolated in monolayer form by mechanical exfoliation, the field has evolved to more sophisticated methods capable of direct growth of large-area monolayer TMDs. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the technique used most prominently throughout the literature and is based on the sulfurization of transition metal oxide precursors. CVD-grown monolayers exhibit excellent quality, and this process is widely used in studies ranging from the fundamental to the applied. However, little is known about the specifics of the nucleation and growth mechanisms occurring during the CVD process. In this study, we have investigated the nucleation centers or "seeds" from which monolayer TMDs typically grow. This was accomplished using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy to analyze the structure and composition of the nuclei present in CVD-grown MoS2-MoSe2 alloys. We find that monolayer growth proceeds from nominally oxi-chalcogenide nanoparticles which act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for monolayer growth. The oxi-chalcogenide nanoparticles are typically encased in a fullerene-like shell made of the TMD. Using this information, we propose a step-by-step nucleation and growth mechanism for monolayer TMDs. Understanding this mechanism may pave the way for precise control over the synthesis of 2D materials, heterostructures, and related complexes.
Peptide Mimics as Substrates for the Intestinal Peptide Transporter (1998)

4-Aminophenylacetic acid (4-APAA), a peptide mimic lacking a peptide bond, has been shown to interact with a proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter using a number of different experimental approaches. In addition to inhibiting transport of labeled peptides, these studies show that 4-APAA is itself translocated. 4-APAA transport across the rat intact intestine was stimulated 18-fold by luminal acidification (to pH 6.8) as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); in enterocytes isolated from mouse small intestine the intracellular pH was reduced on application of 4-APAA, as shown fluorimetrically with the pH indicator carboxy-SNARF; 4-APAA trans-stimulated radiolabeled peptide transport in brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from rat renal cortex; and in Xenopus oocytes expressing PepT1, 4-APAA produced trans-stimulation of radiolabeled peptide efflux, and as determined by HPLC, was a substrate for translocation by this transporter. These results with 4-APAA show for the first time that the presence of a peptide bond is not a requirement for rapid translocation through the proton-linked oligopeptide transporter (PepT1). Further investigation will be needed to determine the minimal structural requirements for a molecule to be a substrate for this transporter.
Future Therapies of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2015)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population, and the prevalence of the disease increases exponentially with every decade after the age of 50 years. While VEGF inhibitors are promising drugs for treating patients with ocular neovascularization, there are limitations to their potential for improving vision in AMD patients. Thus, future therapies are required to have the potential to improve visual outcomes. This paper will summarize the future strategies and therapeutic targets that are aimed at enhancing the efficacy and duration of effect of antiangiogenic strategies.
Stx2 Subtyping of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Cattle in France: Detection of a New Stx2 Subtype and Correlation with Additional Virulence Factors (2001)

ABSTRACT At least 11 Stx2 variants produced by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from patients and animals have been described. The Stx2 subtyping of STEC isolated from healthy cows positive for stx 2 ( n = 104) or stx 2 and stx 1 ( n = 63) was investigated. Stx2vh-b, Stx2 (renamed Stx2-EDL933), and Stx2vh-a were the subtypes mostly detected among the bovine isolates (39.5, 39, and 25.5%, respectively). Stx2e was not present, and subtypes included in the Stx2d group (Stx2d-OX3a, Stx2d-O111, and Stx2d-Ount) were found infrequently among the isolates examined (8.5%). A combination of two distinct Stx2 subtypes was observed among 23.5% of the strains. For the first time, a combination of three subtypes (Stx2-EDL933/Stx2vh-b/Stx2d and Stx2vh-a/Stx2vh-b/Stx2d) was detected (3.5% of the isolates). In addition, bovine STEC harboring stx 1 and one or two stx 2 genes appeared highly cytotoxic toward Vero cells. A new Stx2 subtype (Stx2-NV206), present among 14.5% of the isolates, showed high cytotoxicity for Vero cells. Two amino acid residues (Ser-291 and Glu-297) important for the activation of Stx2 by human intestinal mucus were conserved on the Stx2-NV206 A subunit. The gene encoding Ehx enterohemolysin was prominent among STEC harboring stx 2 -EDL933 alone (78%) or a combination of stx 2 -EDL933 and stx 2 vh-b (85%). In addition, Stx2-EDL933 and/or Stx2vh-b subtypes were highly associated with other putative virulence factors such as Stx1 and EspP extracellular serine protease, but not with EAST1 enterotoxin.
A new EGF-active polymeric pyridinium alkaloid from the sponge Callyspongia fibrosa (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new EGF-active polymeric pyridinium alkaloid from the sponge Callyspongia fibrosaMichael T. Davies-Coleman, D. John Faulkner, Gene M. Dubowchik, Gregory P. Roth, Craig Polson, and Craig FairchildCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 22, 5925–5930Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00074a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00074a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Influence of aberrant observations on high-resolution linkage analysis outcomes. (1991)

Because of the availability of efficient, user-friendly computer analysis programs, the construction of multilocus human genetic maps has become commonplace. At the level of resolution at which most of these maps have been developed, the methods have proved to be robust. This may not be true in the construction of high-resolution linkage maps (3-cM interlocus resolution or less). High-resolution meiotic maps, by definition, have a low probability of recombination occurring in an interval. As such, even low frequencies of errors in typing (1.5% or less) may influence mapping outcomes. To investigate the influence of aberrant observations on high-resolution maps, a Monte Carlo simulation analysis of multipoint linkage data was performed. Introduction of error was observed to reduce power to discriminate orders, dramatically inflate map length, and provide significant support for incorrect over correct orders. These results appear to be due to the misclassification of nonrecombinant gametes as multiple recombinants. Chi 2-Like goodness-of-fit analysis appears to be quite sensitive to the appearance of misclassified gametes, providing a simple test for aberrant data sets. Multiple pairwise likelihood analysis appears to be less sensitive than does multipoint analysis and may serve as a check for map validity.
Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines (2015) (2015)

Дані рекомендації щодо лікування осіб, які мають або піддаються ризику захворювань, що передаються статевим шляхом (ЗПСШ), були оновлені Центрами з контролю і профілактики захворювань США після консультації з групою фахівців у сфері ЗПСШ, які зустрілися в Атланті навесні 2013 р. Це оновлена версія Керівництва з лікування ЗПСШ від 2010 р. В оновленій версії керівництва обговорюються: 1) альтернативні схеми лікування Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 2) застосування методів ампліфікації нуклеїнових кислот для діагностики трихомоніазу; 3) альтернативні способи лікування гострих кондилом; 4) роль Mycoplasma genitalium у розвитку уретритів/цервіцитів і наслідки, пов’язані з лікуванням; 5) оновлені рекомендації з консультування та вакцинації проти вірусу папіломи людини; 6) менеджмент пацієнтів-транссексуалів; 7) щорічне тестування на гепатит С осіб із ВІЛ-інфекцією; 8) оновлені рекомендації з діагностичної оцінки уретриту; 9) повторне тестування з метою виявлення нового інфікування. Дане керівництво можуть використовувати лікарі та інші медичні працівники для надання допомоги з профілактики та лікування ЗПСШ.
Label-Free Biochemical Detection Coupled On-Line to Liquid Chromatography (2000)

The on-line coupling of a label-free optical biosensor to a HPLC system is described by combining the separation power of HPLC with the specificity of the biosensor system. A highly cross-reactive antibody against the pesticide isoproturon was used as model for affinity proteins. The binding strength of the antibody to the utilized pesticides was characterized with the biosensor, first. In the on-line coupling setup, the eluate of the HPLC was mixed continuously with the antibodies. The presence of antigens was detected by a reduction of the antibody binding to the transducer. This reduced binding was quantified by a differentiation of the sensor signal by applying a Savitzky-Golay algorithm. Limits of detection were found to be in the femtomole range without preconcentration, which is comparable to a study using fluorescence-based biochemical detection.
Combined reduction of time varying harmonic and stationary noise using frequency warping (2010)

Speech enhancement under non-stationary environments is still a challenging problem. This contribution presents a noise reduction system that is capable of tracking and suppressing both time varying harmonic noise and stationary noise. In a first stage, the harmonic noise power is estimated and attenuated using a modified Minimum Statistics approach that performs frequency warping according to the harmonic's fundamental frequency. A conventional noise estimation technique is applied in a second stage in order to reduce the random components of the noise spectrum. The performance of the proposed noise suppression system is shown to be consistently better than conventional approaches.
Unequal Error Protection Using Fountain Codes With Applications to Video Communication (2010)

Application-layer forward error correction (FEC) is used in many multimedia communication systems to address the problem of packet loss in lossy packet networks. One powerful form of application-layer FEC is unequal error protection which protects the information symbols according to their importance. We propose a method for unequal error protection with a Fountain code. When the information symbols were partitioned into two protection classes (most important and least important), our method required a smaller transmission bit budget to achieve low bit error rates compared to the two state-of-the-art techniques. We also compared our method to the two state-of-the-art techniques for video unicast and multicast over a lossy network. Simulations for the scalable video coding (SVC) extension of the H.264/AVC standard showed that our method required a smaller transmission bit budget to achieve high-quality video.
Driven‐equilibrium radiofrequency pulses in NMR imaging (1984)

Abstract Driven‐equilibrium pulse techniques are applied to NMR imaging to extend the possibilities of manipulating image contrasts in pulse sequences with a high repetition rate. In many cases the data acquisition time can be much shorter than in more conventional pulse techniques. Both calculations and experiments reveal that the intensity of tissue with slowly relaxing nuclear magnetizations can significantly be enhanced, thus facilitating the detection of a number of pathologies.
CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV enhances expression of topoisomerase II alpha and sensitivity to apoptosis induced by topoisomerase II inhibitors (2003)

CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a cell surface-bound ectopeptidase with important roles in T-cell activation and tumour biology. We now report that CD26/DPPIV enhances sensitivity to apoptosis induced by the antineoplastic agents doxorubicin and etoposide. In particular, CD26/DPPIV presence is associated with increased susceptibility to the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, documented by enhanced cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-3 and caspase-9, Bcl-xl, and Apaf-1, as well as increased expression of death receptor 5 (DR5). We also show that the caspase-9-specific inhibitor z-LEHD-fmk inhibits drug-mediated apoptosis, leading to decreased PARP and caspase-3 cleavage, and reduced DR5 expression. Importantly, through detailed studies that demonstrate the association between topoisomerase II alpha expression and DPPIV activity, our data provide further evidence of the key role played by CD26 in biological processes.
Engineered Promoters for Potent Transient Overexpression (2016)

The core promoter, which is generally defined as the region to which RNA Polymerase II is recruited to initiate transcription, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression. The core promoter consists of different combinations of several short DNA sequences, termed core promoter elements or motifs, which confer specific functional properties to each promoter. Earlier studies that examined the ability to modulate gene expression levels via the core promoter, led to the design of strong synthetic core promoters, which combine different core elements into a single core promoter. Here, we designed a new core promoter, termed super core promoter 3 (SCP3), which combines four core promoter elements (the TATA box, Inr, MTE and DPE) into a single promoter that drives prolonged and potent gene expression. We analyzed the effect of core promoter architecture on the temporal dynamics of reporter gene expression by engineering EGFP expression vectors that are driven by distinct core promoters. We used live cell imaging and flow cytometric analyses in different human cell lines to demonstrate that SCPs, particularly the novel SCP3, drive unusually strong long-term EGFP expression. Importantly, this is the first demonstration of long-term expression in transiently transfected mammalian cells, indicating that engineered core promoters can provide a novel non-viral strategy for biotechnological as well as gene-therapy-related applications that require potent expression for extended time periods.
Angiotensin 1-9 and 1-7 Release in Human Heart (2002)

Human heart tissue enzymes cleave angiotensin (Ang) I to release Ang 1-9, Ang II, or Ang 1-7. In atrial homogenate preparations, cathepsin A (deamidase) is responsible for 65% of the liberated Ang 1-9. Ang 1-7 was released (88% to 100%) by a metallopeptidase, as established with peptidase inhibitors. Ang II was liberated to about equal degrees by ACE and chymase-type enzymes. Cathepsin A's presence in heart tissue was also proven because it deamidated enkephalinamide substrate by immunoprecipitation of cathepsin A with antiserum to human recombinant enzyme and by immunohistochemistry. In immunohistochemistry, cathepsin A was detected in myocytes of atrial tissue. The products of Ang I cleavage, Ang 1-9 and Ang 1-7, potentiated the effect of an ACE-resistant bradykinin analog and enhanced kinin effect on the B(2) receptor in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected to express human ACE and B(2) (CHO/AB), and in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Ang 1-9 and 1-7 augmented arachidonic acid and nitric oxide (NO) release by kinin. Direct assay of NO liberation by bradykinin from endothelial cells was potentiated at 10 nmol/L concentration, 2.4-fold (Ang 1-9) and 2.1-fold (Ang 1-7); in higher concentrations, Ang 1-9 was significantly more active than Ang 1-7. Both peptides had traces of activity in the absence of bradykinin. Ang 1-9 and Ang 1-7 potentiated bradykinin action on the B(2) receptor by raising arachidonic acid and NO release at much lower concentrations than their 50% inhibition concentrations (IC(50)s) with ACE. They probably induce conformational changes in the ACE/B(2) receptor complex via interaction with ACE.