gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast mode decision algorithm using efficient block skip techniques for H.264 P slices (2009)

In this paper, we propose a fast algorithm that can reduce the complexity for inter mode decision of the H.264 encoder by minimizing a large number of calculations of inter mode decision process adaptively. The main idea is to use the technique skipping unnecessary macroblock modes. We focus on two block size modes, which is 16x16 and 8x8 block size modes, in proposed algorithm. The percentage of 16x16 block size modes is the largest in most of the sequences. This means that many redundant mode calculations can be removed. The percentage of 8x8 block size mode is small. But time consumption caused in the mode decision of encoder is very considerable. Therefore if we can extract the unnecessary 8x8 block size mode calculation well, a large amount of time can be saved in total encoding process. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve up to 43% speed up ratio with a little PSNR loss. Increase of total bits encoded is also not much noticeable. ?? 2009 IEEE.
Pyrophosphate and diphosphonates in calcium metabolism and their possible role in renal failure (1969)

We have recently suggested that inorganic pyrophosphate may be a physiological inhibitor of calcification in soft tissues and a physiological regulator of calcium homeostasis through its effect on the formation and destruction of mineralized tissues.<sup>1-6</sup>This communication is concerned with the possible role of pyrophosphate in the metastatic calcification and bone disease associated with renal failure. <h3>Mineralization in General</h3> Very little is known of the mechanisms responsible for the deposition of calcium salts at normal or abnormal sites within the body. In recent years some clarification has come from studies on the mechanism of precipitation in vitro. It is now established that the concentrations of calcium and phosphate in plasma, extracellular fluid, and even in fluid withdrawn from calcifying cartilage<sup>7</sup>are much lower than those required to form crystals in vitro.<sup>1,8</sup>The formation of apatite crystals in vivo therefore requires some local promoting mechanism at the site
Nuclear magnetic resonance study on the interconversion of the complexes [Ni(N3P)X]B(C6H5)4 and the crystal structure of the complex [Ni(N3P)Br]B(C6H5)4 (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance study on the interconversion of the complexes [Ni(N3P)X]B(C6H5)4 and the crystal structure of the complex [Ni(N3P)Br]B(C6H5)4L. Sacconi, I. Bertini, P. Dapporto, and G. FallaniCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 8, 1703–1707Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50102a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50102a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Copper complexes with dissymmetrically substituted bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands as a basis for PET radiopharmaceuticals: control of redox potential and lipophilicity (2017)

Copper(ii) bis(thiosemicarbazone) derivatives have been used extensively in positron emission tomography (PET) to image hypoxia and blood flow and to radiolabel cells for cell tracking. These applications depend on control of redox potentials and lipophilicity of the bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes, which can be adjusted by altering peripheral ligand substituents. This paper reports the synthesis of a library of new dissymmetrically substituted bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands by controlling the condensation reactions between dicarbonyl compounds and 4-substituted-3-thiosemicarbazides or using acetal protection. Copper complexes of the new ligands have been prepared by reaction with copper acetate or via transmetallation of the corresponding zinc complexes, which are convenient precursors for the rapid synthesis of radio-copper complexes. Well-defined structure-activity relationships linking ligand alkylation patterns with redox potential and lipophilicity of the complexes are reported.
Functional Characterization of a Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1999)

Protein kinases play a key role in signal transduction pathways in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Using in vivo expression technology, we have identified several promoters in Pseudomonas aeruginosa which are preferentially activated during infection of neutropenic mice. One of these promoters directs the transcription of a gene encoding a putative protein kinase similar to the enzymes found in eukaryotic cells. The full characterization of this protein, termed PpkA, is presented in this communication. The ppkA gene encodes a 1,032-amino-acid polypeptide with an N-terminal catalytic domain showing all of the conserved residues of protein kinases with the substrate phosphorylation specificities for serine and threonine residues. The catalytic domain is linked to the rest of the protein by a short proline-rich segment. The enzymes showed anomalous migration behavior when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which could be attributed to autophosphorylation activity. The full-length enzyme was expressed as an oligohistidine fusion protein and was shown to phosphorylate several artificial protein substrates. Both autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of added substrates were strongly reduced by a single-amino-acid substitution in the catalytic domain of PpkA. Although PpkA appears to be differentially phosphorylated by autocatalysis, the levels of phosphorylation have minimal effect on its overall enzymatic activity. Our results, therefore, indicate the operation of a novel protein phosphorylation mechanism during transduction of signals in P. aeruginosa, and this pathway may be important in regulating the expression of virulence factors by this pathogen during certain phases of infection.
Molecular characterization of the chemokine receptor CXCR3: evidence for the involvement of distinct extracellular domains in a multi‐step model of ligand binding and receptor activation (2003)

Abstract CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor predominantly expressed on T lymphocytes, and binds the chemokines CXCL9 (Mig), CXCL10 (IP‐10) and CXCL11 (I‐TAC). Here, we have investigated the role of the extracellular domains of CXCR3 in ligand selectivity and receptor activation by assessing the ligand binding and chemotactic responses of chimeric CXCR3/CXCR1 constructs. Our data reveal that the secondextracellular loop of CXCR3 is essential for receptor activation in response to all CXCR3 ligands. In contrast, the N terminus and first extracellular loop of CXCR3 play some role in CXCL10‐ and CXCL11‐mediated activation but are dispensable for CXCL9‐induced signaling. The third extracellular loop of CXCR3 is important only for CXCL9‐ and CXCL10‐induced chemotaxis. Binding studies suggest that the CXCR3 ligands bind to distinct sites composed of multiple domains of CXCR3 and that high‐affinity binding and receptor activation are disparate functions. Collectively, our data support a multi‐site model for CXCR3 interactions with its agonists, in which several extracellular domains of CXCR3 contribute to ligand binding and the induction of receptor activation. The development of antagonists targeting the second extracellular loop of CXCR3 should impede receptor activation and aid the treatment of several human inflammatory disorders.
Multicarrier modulation with low peak-to-averagepower ratio (1996)

It is shown that multicarrier modulation with low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted waveform can be performed. As an example, a 32-carrier OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) scheme with a PAPR of <3.3 dB is presented.
Shape‐Persistent Aromatic Amide Oligomers: New Tools for Supramolecular Chemistry (2006)

With an increasing number of folding and helical structures available, chemists have begun to pay greater attention to the functions of this family of structurally unique oligomers. Hydrogen-bonding-mediated aromatic oligoamide foldamers have the features of good structural predictability, synthetic facility, and structural modification, which make them very promising as scaffolds or platforms for supramolecular chemistry. Recent advances in the applications of this class of shape-persistent oligomers in the promoted synthesis of macrocycles, design of new nonring receptors, supramolecular self-assembly, molecular encapsulation, and reaction acceleration, are highlighted in this Focus Review.
NA hand held imager for 2 dimensional detector arrays (1990)

A hand held imager has been developed for the evaluation of 2 dimensional infrared detector arrays in the field. This unit is capable of operation with a variety of detector configurations, and has been demonstrated in operation with a 3-5 mu m 64*64 element CMT IRCCD. In this configuration, outstanding thermal sensitivity has been achieved. The imager offers many additional features including automatic calibration and nonuniformity removal, automatic SiTF monitoring and control, and frame averaging for improved thermal resolution. >
Overview of High Frequency Electronics Integration Concepts for Gap waveguide based High Gain Slot Antenna Array (2019)

This paper presents an overview of different low-loss microstrip to waveguide transition designs suitable for integrating millimeter wave electronics to a gap waveguide based slot array. Typically, E-plane probe type of transitions are widely used at mmWave frequency range to couple RF signal from a TX/RX MMIC to the waveguide section. H-plane split-blocks are avoided due to leakage problem from tiny slits formed by imperfect metal connections. On the other hand, the traditional slot arrays are built using H-plane split blocks. This makes it very challenging to integrate electronics and other passive components such as diplexer filter directly to a high gain planar antenna array. To overcome this above mentioned problem, we propose to use low-loss H-plane transitions to integrate RF electronics with the multi-layer gap waveguide based slot array. We demonstrate a completely packaged frontend at E-band, showing the potential of the gap waveguide technology to build a very compact full-duplex wireless system.
Variable precision arithmetic circuits for FPGA-based multimedia processors (2004)

This brief describes new efficient variable precision arithmetic circuits for field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based processors. The proposed circuits can adapt themselves to different data word lengths, avoiding time and power consuming reconfiguration. This is made possible thanks to the introduction of on purpose designed auxiliary logic, which enables the new circuits to operate in single instruction multiple data (SIMD) fashion and allows high parallelism levels to be guaranteed when operations on lower precisions are executed. The new SIMD structures have been designed to optimally exploit the resources of a widely used family of SRAM-based FPGAs, but their architectures can be easily adapted to any either SRAM-based or antifuse-based FPGA chips.
Application of Photodynamic Therapy in Ophthalmology (1997)

In ophthalmology, photodynamic therapy (PDT) using hematoporphyrin derivatives has been applied for the treatment of retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma. Recently, PDT is expected for a new treatment modality to ocular neovascularization. In the present study, the efficacy of PDT using a new hydrophilic sensitizer, ATX-S10NaII for the treatment of experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was investigated. CNV was induced in rat fundi by intense argon laser photocoagulation. Fluorescein angiographic study revealed accumulation of ATX-S10 in the CNV from 30 minutes to 4 hours after dye injection. Laser (diode laser, λ=670nm) irradiation applied immediately after dye injection with radiant exposures of 7.4J/cm2, or 2 to 4 hours after dye injection with radiant exposures of 22.0J/cm2, induced occlusion of the CNV without singnificant injury to the retinal vessels. PDT using ATX-S10 using appropriate treatment parameters can occlude CNV. ATX-S10 is supposed to be a promising new generation sensitizer which has rapid elimination from the body and little skin phototoxicity, and it appears to be useful in the treatment of ocular neovascularization.
Intramolecular Carbenoid Reactions of Pyrrole Derivatives. A Total Synthesis of (±)‐Ipalbidine (1986)

Abstract A new method for alkaloid synthesis is described. The rhodium(II)‐acetate‐catalyzed decomposition of 3‐(4‐acetoxyphenyl)‐1‐diazo‐4‐(pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐2‐butanone ( 5d ) gave 6‐(4‐acetoxyphenyl)‐5,6‐dihydro‐7(8 H )‐indolizinone ( 6d ) in 82% yield via an intramolecular carbenoid reaction. The latter compound was converted in four steps in 13% overall yield to (±)‐ipalbidine ( 1b ).
Enrichment of phosphorylated proteins and peptides from complex mixtures using metal oxide/hydroxide affinity chromatography (MOAC) (2005)

A novel method termed metal oxide affinity chromatography (MOAC) of enriching for phosphorylated proteins and peptides based on the affinity of the phosphate group for Al(OH)(3) is presented here. When compared to commercial phosphoprotein-enrichment kits, this method is more selective, more cost effective and easily applicable to method optimization. The use of glutamic and aspartic acid in the loading buffer significantly enhances selectivity. Standard protein mixtures and complex Arabidopsis thaliana leaf protein extracts were tested for efficacy of enrichment. The method can be applied to proteins extracted using either mild or denaturing conditions. The same Al(OH)(3) material is suitable for the enrichment of phosphopeptides out of a tryptic digest of alpha-casein. Peptide phosphorylation was revealed by beta-elimination of phosphate groups. Enrichment and in vivo phosphorylation of A. thaliana leaf proteins were confirmed with Pro-Q diamond stain. Several of the phosphoprotein candidates that were identified by MS are known to be phosphorylated in vivo in other plant species.
Fast transient response DC/DC converter for low output voltage (2002)

A new alternative to achieve fast transient response DC/DC switching converters to feed devices such as microprocessors and digital signal processors is presented. The topology of the switching source is composed of two buck converters connected in parallel, each one having different aims, controlled by means of the linear–nonlinear control.
SecureME (2011)

With computing increasingly becoming more dispersed, relying on mobile devices, distributed computing, cloud computing, etc. there is an increasing threat from adversaries obtaining physical access to some of the computer systems through theft or security breaches. With such an untrusted computing node, a key challenge is how to provide secure computing environment where we provide privacy and integrity for data and code of the application. We propose SecureME, a hardware-software mechanism that provides such a secure computing environment. SecureME protects an application from hardware attacks by using a secure processor substrate, and also from the Operating System (OS) through memory cloaking, permission paging, and system call protection. Memory cloaking hides data from the OS but allows the OS to perform regular virtual memory management functions, such as page initialization, copying, and swapping. Permission paging extends the OS paging mechanism to provide a secure way for two applications to establish shared pages for inter-process communication. Finally, system call protection applies spatio-temporal protection for arguments that are passed between the application and the OS. Based on our performance evaluation using microbenchmarks, single-program workloads, and multiprogrammed workloads, we found that SecureME only adds a small execution time overhead compared to a fully unprotected system. Roughly half of the overheads are contributed by the secure processor substrate. SecureME also incurs a negligible additional storage overhead over the secure processor substrate.
Overcoming Data Transfer Bottlenecks in FPGA-based DNN Accelerators via Layer Conscious Memory Management (2019)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are becoming more and more complex than before. Previous hardware accelerator designs neglect the layer diversity in terms of computation and communication behavior. On-chip memory resources are underutilized for the memory bounded layers, leading to suboptimal performance. In addition, the increasing complexity of DNN structures makes it difficult to do on-chip memory allocation. To address these issues, we propose a layer conscious memory management framework for FPGA-based DNN hardware accelerators. Our framework exploits the layer diversity and the disjoint lifespan information of memory buffers to efficiently utilize the on-chip memory to improve the performance of the layers bounded by memory and thus the entire performance of DNNs. It consists of four key techniques working coordinately with each other. We first devise a memory allocation algorithm to allocate on-chip buffers for the memory bound layers. In addition, buffer sharing between different layers is applied to improve on-chip memory utilization. Finally, buffer prefetching and splitting are used to further reduce latency. Experiments show that our techniques can achieve 1.36X performance improvement compared with previous designs.
Predicting subjective judgment of best focus with objective image quality metrics (2004)

Subjective judgment of best focus does not minimize RMS wavefront error (Zernike defocus = 0), nor create paraxial focus (Seidel defocus = 0), but makes the retina conjugate to a plane between these two. It is possible to precisely predict subjective sphero-cylindrical refraction for monochromatic light using objective metrics.
Colorectal cancer screening for average‐risk adults: 2018 guideline update from the American Cancer Society (2018)

Abstract In the United States, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer diagnosed among adults and the second leading cause of death from cancer. For this guideline update, the American Cancer Society (ACS) used an existing systematic evidence review of the CRC screening literature and microsimulation modeling analyses, including a new evaluation of the age to begin screening by race and sex and additional modeling that incorporates changes in US CRC incidence. Screening with any one of multiple options is associated with a significant reduction in CRC incidence through the detection and removal of adenomatous polyps and other precancerous lesions and with a reduction in mortality through incidence reduction and early detection of CRC. Results from modeling analyses identified efficient and model‐recommendable strategies that started screening at age 45 years. The ACS Guideline Development Group applied the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria in developing and rating the recommendations. The ACS recommends that adults aged 45 years and older with an average risk of CRC undergo regular screening with either a high‐sensitivity stool‐based test or a structural (visual) examination, depending on patient preference and test availability. As a part of the screening process, all positive results on noncolonoscopy screening tests should be followed up with timely colonoscopy. The recommendation to begin screening at age 45 years is a qualified recommendation . The recommendation for regular screening in adults aged 50 years and older is a strong recommendation . The ACS recommends ( qualified recommendations ) that: 1) average‐risk adults in good health with a life expectancy of more than 10 years continue CRC screening through the age of 75 years; 2) clinicians individualize CRC screening decisions for individuals aged 76 through 85 years based on patient preferences, life expectancy, health status, and prior screening history; and 3) clinicians discourage individuals older than 85 years from continuing CRC screening. The options for CRC screening are: fecal immunochemical test annually; high‐sensitivity, guaiac‐based fecal occult blood test annually; multitarget stool DNA test every 3 years; colonoscopy every 10 years; computed tomography colonography every 5 years; and flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:250–281 . © 2018 American Cancer Society .
Analysing urban aerosols using a digital camera (2011)

This paper reports intrinsically stretchable thin-film transistors (TFTs) and integrated logic circuits directly printed on elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. The printed devices utilize carbon nanotubes and a type of hybrid gate dielectric comprising PDMS and barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles. The BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/PDMS composite simultaneously provides high dielectric constant, superior stretchability, low leakage, as well as good printability and compatibility with the elastomeric substrate. Both TFTs and logic circuits can be stretched beyond 50% strain along either channel length or channel width directions for thousands of cycles while showing no significant degradation in electrical performance. This work may offer an entry into more sophisticated stretchable electronic systems with monolithically integrated sensors, actuators, and displays, fabricated by scalable and low-cost methods for real life applications.