gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise correlations in data simultaneously acquired from multiple surface coil arrays (1990)

Multiple images acquired simultaneously from an array of surface coils can be combined to give a composite image with an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a large field of view. The composite images' SNR can be optimized by taking advantage of noise correlations between coils and phase shifts induced by surface coil reception. Methods are derived for making optimal composite images with uniform noise or with uniform sensitivity. A simplified model is used to provide an intuitive understanding of the interaction of noise correlation and phase shift phenomena.
A UHF probe for NMR micro‐imaging experiments (1987)

A long solenoid is capable of producing, at least theoretically, a B1 field that is relatively more homogeneous than other known structures. This paper describes the design of a UHF probe incorporating a one-turn solenoid associated with a pair of parallel-plate transmission line feeders and presents a practical example used in a 360-MHz spectrometer for micro-imaging experiments. Numerical evaluation of the solenoid inductance using King's method for direct calculation of elliptic integrals is also included.
Identification of Borinic Esters as Inhibitors of Bacterial Cell Growth and Bacterial Methyltransferases, CcrM and MenH (2005)

As bacteria continue to develop resistance toward current antibiotics, we find ourselves in a continual battle to identify new antibacterial agents and targets. We report herein a class of boron-containing compounds termed borinic esters that have broad spectrum antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the low microgram/mL range. These compounds were identified by screening for inhibitors against Caulobacter crescentus CcrM, an essential DNA methyltransferase from gram negative alpha-proteobacteria. In addition, we demonstrate that borinic esters inhibit menaquinone methyltransferase in gram positive bacteria using a new biochemical assay for MenH from Bacillus subtilis. Our data demonstrate the potential for further development of borinic esters as antibacterial agents as well as leads to explore more specific inhibitors against two essential bacterial enzymes.
Isobaric Thermal Expansivity of Highly Polar Nitrogen Compounds at Temperatures from (278.15 to 348.15) K and at Pressures from (5 to 55) MPa (2009)

Isobaric thermal expansivity αp for a set of highly polar nitrogen compounds was experimentally determined by means of a calorimetric method in the temperature T and pressure p intervals (278.15 to 348.15) K and (5 to 55) MPa. The selected liquids were propionitrile, nitromethane, nitroethane, nitropropane, benzonitrile, and nitrobenzene. The experimental results were compared to available literature data, obtaining good results for most of the studied liquids. It was found that the αp trends against temperature highly depend on the studied pressure: αp increases at low pressure; however, as pressure is raised, the dependence on T becomes milder, and for some cases, it is obtained that αp clearly decreases against T at the highest pressures. The results are interpreted based on the phase-transition properties of the compounds, concretely, on vapor pressure and on distance of the experimental pressure and temperature from the critical coordinates.
Absorbed Dose Measurements Of High Energy Photon Beams (1995)

Accurate dose measurement of high energy photon beams is important in radiotherapy. Measurement of absorbed dose to water through ionization chamber is the most commonly used method for routine dose evaluation. The international Code of Practice, recommended by International Atomic Energy Agency is one of the widely used code for this purpose. Salient features of this code are given, with special reference to BARC make dosimeter, having a tufnol walled ion chamber. The recent observations made during the testing of this code at different laboratories are discussed. The status of dosimetry in India at primary, secondary and user levels is given. The results of TLD intercomparisons with various radiotherapy centres in the country are discussed.
Ultrasonic properties of all-printed piezoelectric polymer transducers (2013)

The ability of producing ultrasonic transducers from screen-printing has been explored experimentally, through printing and characterization of a large number of transducers. In an all-printed test design, 124 transducers with four different electrode sizes ranging from 1 to 4.9 mm2, were printed layer-by-layer on a high performance polyethyleneimine polymer. Inks from ferroelectric and conductive polymers were applied to the active part of a transducer, to provide a good acoustical match between the individual layers. Ultrasonic characterizations of the transducers done by two independent methods provided a broad-banded frequency response with a maximum response around 100 MHz.
Optimization of a rhomb-type quarter-wave phase retarder (1995)

Apreviously reported two-reflection, undeviating-beam total internal reflection (TIR) quarter-wave phase retarder is optimized. The specifications and characteristics of the device are sensitive to the refractive index n of the rhomb material. In particular, the size of the rhomb can be reduced by a factor of 11 for the same aperture size if a glass with n = 1.70 is used instead of one with n = 1.53. Optimal conditions are in the refractive-index interval n = 1.68-1.71. Coated rhombs of this type are mentioned.
Neural antigen‐specific autoimmune disorders (2012)

Neural-specific autoantibodies have been documented and their diagnostic utility validated in diseases affecting the neuraxis from cerebral cortex to the somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous system and skeletal muscle. These neurological disorders occur both idiopathically and in a paraneoplastic context. Molecular identification of the antigens has expedited development of confirmatory and high-throughput tests for serum and cerebrospinal fluid, which permit early diagnosis and reveal the underlying molecular pathogenic mechanisms. The autoantibodies are classifiable on the basis of antigen location: intracellular (nuclear or cytoplasmic) or plasma membrane. Immunohistopathological studies of patients' biopsied and autopsied tissues suggest that effector T cells mediate the autoimmune neurological disorders for which defining autoantibodies recognize intracellular antigens. Antigens within intact cells are inaccessible to circulating antibody, and the associated neurological deficits rarely improve with antibody-depleting therapies. Tumoricidal therapies may arrest neurological progression, but symptom reversal is rare. In contrast, autoantibodies specific for plasma membrane antigens have pathogenic potential, and the associated neurological deficits are often amenable to antibody-depleting immunotherapy, such as plasma exchange and anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody therapy. These reversible neurological disorders are frequently misdiagnosed as neurodegenerative. The focus of this review is the immunobiology, pathophysiology, and clinical spectrum of autoimmune neurological disorders accompanied by neural-specific IgGs.
Dual-crystal Yb:CALGO high power laser and regenerative amplifier (2013)

This paper reports on a high-power dual-crystal Yb:CALGO laser head with greatly reduced sensitivity to thermal lensing in the gain medium. In continuous-wave operation 23 W of power were extracted from 2% doped crystals, and tunablity between 1018 nm and 1060 nm was demonstrated. This is the highest output power reported from a bulk Yb:CALGO laser to date, as well as the demonstration of the broadest tuning range. 4 mJ pulses at 1040 nm were achieved in cavity-dumped operation with quasi-CW pumping at 1 kHz repetition rate with nearly diffraction-limited beam quality. When seeded at 1030 nm with stretched femtosecond pulses, 3 mJ were achieved.
Effect of inulin on the human gut microbiota: stimulation of<i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i>and<i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> (2008)

Prebiotics are food ingredients that improve health by modulating the colonic microbiota. The bifidogenic effect of the prebiotic inulin is well established; however, it remains unclear which species of Bifidobacterium are stimulated in vivo and whether bacterial groups other than lactic acid bacteria are affected by inulin consumption. Changes in the faecal microbiota composition were examined by real-time PCR in twelve human volunteers after ingestion of inulin (10 g/d) for a 16-d period in comparison with a control period without any supplement intake. The prevalence of most bacterial groups examined did not change after inulin intake, although the low G+C % Gram-positive species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii exhibited a significant increase (10.3% for control period v. 14.5% during inulin intake, P=0.019). The composition of the genus Bifidobacterium was studied in four of the volunteers by clone library analysis. Between three and five Bifidobacterium spp. were found in each volunteer. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium longum were present in all volunteers, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium dentium were also detected. Real-time PCR was employed to quantify the four most prevalent Bifidobacterium spp., B. adolescentis, B. longum, B. pseudocatenulatum and B. bifidum, in ten volunteers carrying detectable levels of bifidobacteria. B. adolescentis showed the strongest response to inulin consumption, increasing from 0.89 to 3.9% of the total microbiota (P=0.001). B. bifidum was increased from 0.22 to 0.63% (P<0.001) for the five volunteers for whom this species was present.
The chronic consequences of severe sepsis (2003)

The early events of severe sepsis set in motion a cascade of events that significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality observed during the first few days of this syndrome. Although sepsis is a deadly, acute disease, survivors also suffer long-term consequences. Clinical data underscore subsequent high mortality rates associated with patients who are long-term survivors of the acute septic episode. Within 1 year of surviving severe sepsis, there is a 26% predicted mortality rate, and many patients succumb to lung complications. In this review, we focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that dictate the longer-term sequela of sepsis and related lung injury. We have established a murine model of experimental sepsis [cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)], which results in an approximate 60% survival rate. Our studies have demonstrated that these survivors are susceptible to a fungal infection with 100% mortality when challenged 3 days or 15 days post-recovery from the initial CLP. This increased mortality correlates with changes in cytokines and Toll-like receptor expression and alterations in lung leukocyte populations. We hypothesize that the lung becomes predisposed to nosocomial infections for extended periods of time after severe sepsis via mechanisms that include alterations in inflammatory cytokines and an increase in immunomodulatory chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and C10. These mediators may alter the innate-immune response by affecting dendritic cells and macrophages, which could provide a mechanism for the immunosuppression observed following sepsis.
External-Memory Computational Geometry (Preliminary Version) (1993)

In this paper, we give new techniques for designing ecient algorithms for computational geometry prob-lems that are too large to be solved in internal memory, and we use these techniques to develop optimal and practical algorithms for a number of important large-scale problems. We discuss our algorithms primarily in the context of single processor/single disk machines, a domain in which they are not only the rst known optimal results but also of tremendous practical value. Our methods also produce the rst known optimal al-gorithms for a wide range of two-level and hierarchical multilevel memory models, including parallel models. The algorithms are optimal both in terms of I/O cost and internal computation. 1
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Well-Defined Poly(propylene fumarate) Oligomers and Their Use in 3D Printed Scaffolds (2016)

A ring opening polymerization method for synthesizing oligomeric poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) provides a rapid, and scalable method of synthesizing PPF with well-defined molecular mass, molecular mass distribution (Đm), and viscosity properties suitable for 3D printing. These properties will also reduce the amount of solvent necessary to ensure sufficient flow of material during 3D printing. MALDI mass spectrometry precisely shows the end group fidelity, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) demonstrates narrow mass distributions (<1.6) of a series of low molecular mass oligomers (700-3000 Da). The corresponding intrinsic viscosities range from 0.0288 ± 0.0009 dL/g to 0.0780 ± 0.0022 dL/g. The oligomers were printed into scaffolds via established photochemical methods and standardized ISO 10993-5 testing shows that the 3D printed materials are nontoxic to both L929 mouse fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells.
Anatomic Osteochondral Glenoid Reconstruction for Recurrent Glenohumeral Instability With Glenoid Deficiency Using a Distal Tibia Allograft (2008)

The treatment of glenoid bone loss in the setting of recurrent shoulder instability remains a challenge. This is because of the nonanatomic nature and resultant incongruous joint resulting from most bony augmentation procedures. We present a novel technique for the management of glenoid bone deficiency by using a fresh osteochondral distal tibial allograft. We have found that the distal tibia has excellent articular conformity to unmatched humeral heads, fits nearly anatomically on the distal two thirds of the glenoid, is composed of dense weight-bearing cortical and metaphyseal distal tibia bone, and provides for a cartilaginous surface for which the humeral head to articulate. This article describes the technique, initial results, and postoperative findings with the use of a distal tibia allograft (the lateral portion of the distal tibia) for the treatment of glenoid bone deficiency (mean loss of 30%) in a series of 3 patients.
Mucociliary tracheal transport rates in man (1975)

A new method for measuring mucociliary tracheal transport rates (MTTR's) is described. An aqueous aerosol containing albumin microspheres labeled with 99mTc was inhaled in such a manner that it was deposited in local concentrations in the large airways. These boli of microspheres were transported up the trachea and their MTTR's measured using a gamma camera. MTTR's were measured in 42 healthy nonsmoking adults (32 men and 10 women, mean age 28 yr). The mean MTTR's appeared to be log normally distributed with a geometric mean of 3.6 mm/min and a coefficient of variation of 75%. The MTTR's of men and women were similar. Each individual's short-term coefficient of variation was 25%. Twenty-two repeat studies 1 wk to 15 mo apart showed the variation within individuals was less than between individuals. The parasympatholytic drug, atropine (0.6 mg iv) decreased MTTR's for at least 3 h. Inhalation of the sympathomimetic drug, Th1165a increased MTTR's. Chronic and acute smoking did not appreciably change the MTTR'S.
The Cerebrum (2002)

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Correspondence: Albert L. Rhoton, Jr., M.D., Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, McKnight Brain Institute, P.O. Box 100265, 100 South Newell Drive, Building 59, L2-100, Gainesville, FL 32610-0265. Email: [email protected]
Formation and characterization of perfluorocyclobutyl polymer thin films (2013)

Abstract Perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymers are a new class of materials that show promise as selective layer materials in the development of composite membranes for gas separations, such as carbon dioxide/methane ( α pure gas = 38.6) and oxygen/nitrogen ( α pure gas = 4.8) separations. In many of the flat sheet applications, a thin film of the selective layer that is free of major defects must be coated onto a support membrane. A focus of this study was to elucidate the impacts of solvents, polymer concentration, and dip‐coating withdrawal speed on PFCB thin film thickness and uniformity. An extension was proposed to the Landau–Levich model to estimate the polymer film thickness. The results show that the extended model fits the thickness‐withdrawal speed data well above about 55 mm/min, but, at lower withdrawal speeds, the data deviated from the model. This deviation could be explained by the phenomenon of polymer surface excess. Static surface excesses of polymer solutions were estimated by applying the Gibbs adsorption equation using measured surface tension data. Prepared films were characterized by ellipsometry. Refractive index was found to increase with decreasing film thickness below about 50 nm, indicating densification of ultrathin films prepared from PFCB solutions below the overlap concentration. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterize surface morphologies. Films prepared from tetrahydrofuran and chloroform yielded uniform nanolayers. However, films prepared using acetone as solvent yielded a partial dewetting pattern, which could be explained by a surface depletion layer of pure solvent between the bulk PFCB/acetone solution and the substrate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Matrix Metalloproteinase-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Epilepsy (2018)

The blood-brain barrier is dysfunctional in epilepsy, thereby contributing to seizure genesis and resistance to antiseizure drugs. Previously, several groups reported that seizures increase brain glutamate levels, which leads to barrier dysfunction. One critical component of barrier dysfunction is brain capillary leakage. Based on our preliminary data, we hypothesized that glutamate released during seizures mediates an increase in matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity levels, thereby contributing to barrier leakage. To test this hypothesis, we exposed isolated brain capillaries from male Sprague Dawley rats to glutamate <i>ex vivo</i> and used an <i>in vivo</i>/<i>ex vivo</i> approach of isolated brain capillaries from female Wistar rats that experienced status epilepticus as an acute seizure model. We found that exposing isolated rat brain capillaries to glutamate increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein and activity levels, and decreased tight junction protein levels, which resulted in barrier leakage. We confirmed these findings <i>in vivo</i> in rats after status epilepticus and in brain capillaries from male mice lacking cytosolic phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> Together, our data support the hypothesis that glutamate released during seizures signals an increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression and activity levels, resulting in blood-brain barrier leakage.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The mechanism leading to seizure-mediated blood-brain barrier dysfunction in epilepsy is poorly understood. In the present study, we focused on defining this mechanism in the brain capillary endothelium. We demonstrate that seizures trigger a pathway that involves glutamate signaling through cytosolic phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>, which increases MMP levels and decreases tight junction protein expression levels, resulting in barrier leakage. These findings may provide potential therapeutic avenues within the blood-brain barrier to limit barrier dysfunction in epilepsy and decrease seizure burden.
Exophthalmos caused by excessive fat: CT volumetric analysis and differential diagnosis (1986)

CT has proven to be excellent in identifying orbital pathology responsible for proptosis. Occasionally, no discrete mass or extraocular muscle enlargement to explain the exophthalmos is found, only an appearance suggestive of an abnormal increase in orbital fat volume. Fifteen patients were studied with proptosis apparently resulting from increased orbital fat. Clinical follow-up revealed that four of them had Graves orbitopathy, unilateral in one; two had Cushing disease/syndrome; and nine were obese without endocrinopathy. The orbital volume and percentage orbital fat volume were measured by CT software analysis in these patients and in a control group of 16 patients without proptosis. Measurements of proptosis and thickness of the scalp fat pad at the inion level were also performed. Significantly greater values for orbital fat volume, percentage fat volume, and proptosis were found in the proptosis group compared with the control group. There was excellent correlation between proptosis and percentage fat volume, supporting the contention that increased orbital fat is responsible for the proptosis. The thickness of the scalp fat pad at the inion level was significantly greater in obese and Cushing patients than in control subjects, but the thickness was not significantly greater in Graves patients than in controls. Proptosis and inion fat were well correlated (r = 0.74) in the control and obese patients, which suggests a relation between general body fat and orbital fat volume.
Receptor-associated Protein in an Oviparous Species Is Correlated with the Expression of a Receptor Variant (1997)

The biosynthesis of proteins containing cysteine-rich domains requires chaperones for their correct folding. For instance, the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein (RAP) aides in the cell-surface targeting of newly synthesized members of the mammalian low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family, which contains tandemly arranged clusters of hexacysteine repeats. In the chicken, an LDLR relative with eight such repeats is expressed as two different splice variant forms in cell type-specific fashion (Bujo, H., Lindstedt, K. A., Hermann, M., Mola Dalmau, L., Nimpf, J., and Schneider, W. J. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 23546-23551). To learn more about evolutionary aspects of RAP, its role in escorting of these different receptor splice variants, and other potential functions, we have extended our studies on the avian LDLR family to RAP. cDNA cloning, determination of tissue expression at both the transcript and the protein level, stable expression in COS cells, and binding studies with chicken RAP revealed that mammalian RAPs have retained many features of the non-amniotic proteins. However, structural details, e.g. the well defined internal triplicate repeats in the chicken protein, have been somewhat diluted during evolution. Interestingly, chicken RAP was found to correlate positively with the expression levels in somatic cells of the larger splice variant of the eight-cysteine repeat receptor, but not with those of the smaller variant, expressed only in germ cells. This is compatible with the possibility that RAP may play a role in receptor biology that could be complementing its function in assisting folding. Chicken RAP in crude extracts of the stable expressor COS cells is able to bind to LDLR relatives in ligand blots without requirement for prior purification of the ligand. Thus, in conjunction with the avian model of massive lipid transport to germ cells, these cells provide a novel comparative system amenable to investigation of the biological functions of RAP.
Regulation of Interferon-γ Gene Expression (1996)

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), also known as type II interferon, is an important immunoregulatory gene that has multiple effects on the development, maturation, and function of the immune system. IFN-gamma mRNA and protein are expressed predominantly by T cells and large granular lymphocytes. The IFN-gamma mRNA is induced/inhibited in these cell types by a wide variety of extracellular signals, thus implicating a number of diverse, yet convergent signal transduction pathways in its transcriptional control. In this review, I describe how DNA methylation and specific DNA binding proteins may regulate transcription of the IFN-gamma gene in response to extracellular signals.