gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein‐Protein Interactions in the Extrusion of Soya at Various Temperatures and Moisture Contents (1993)

ABSTRACT Soya protein isolate extruded at various temperatures and moisture contents was solubilized before and after processing in buffers containing urea, sodium disulphite, 2‐mercaptoethanol, sodium dodecyl sulphate, alone or in combination to elucidate stabilizing mechanisms for their three dimensional structure. The main mechanisms were disulphide linkages, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. All extrudates resisted retorting in water at 120°C but complete disruption occurred in media containing reducing agents plus sodium dodecyl sulphate. Little change in amino acid occurred in extrusion except for aspartic and glutamic acids, which decreased in extrusion at 140°C. Infrared spectra showed the presence of β‐sheet anti parallel structures. Peptide bonds were of negligible importance in extrusion texturization of soya protein. If formed they only contributed to an insoluble phase in the melt.
The Bergen Blood Pressure Study: Prehypertensive Changes in Cardiac Structure and Function in Offspring of Hypertensive Families (1995)

Cardiac morphology and function were determined by echocardiography in normotensive offspring of 23 hypertensive and 22 normotensive families. The family histories of hypertension or normotension were based on 27 years' observation of parental blood pressure. Pulsed Doppler and M-mode echocardiography were performed in standard views. Out of the total 109 offspring, 94 participated in the present study (age (mean +/- SD) 36 +/- 7 years). Left ventricular posterior wall thickness was higher in offspring of hypertensive than normotensive families (10.1 +/- 1.7 vs. 9.3 +/- 1.5 mm; p < 0.05). Offspring of hypertensive families had lower transmitral early/late peak flow velocities (p < 0.001) and higher transmitral late peak flow velocities (p < 0.001) than offspring of normotensive families, but the differences between groups became inconsistent after adjustment for confounding variables (including left ventricular structural parameters). On the other hand, the family history of hypertension was consistently associated with increased transmitral early peak flow velocity and increased transmitral acceleration and deceleration slopes p < 0.05), a pattern suggesting increased left ventricular stiffness. Increased posterior wall thickness and diastolic functional changes may indicate cardiac hypertrophy and decreased left ventricular compliance and precede the development of hypertension in offspring of hypertensive families.
Characterization of double-layer capacitors for power electronics applications (2000)

The double-layer capacitor (DLC) for power applications is a new device. A simple resistive capacitive equivalent circuit is insufficient to characterize its terminal behavior. Based on physical reasoning, an equivalent circuit is proposed to provide the power electronics engineer with a model for the terminal behavior of the DLC. The equivalent circuit model consists of three RC branches, one of them with a voltage-dependent capacitance. A method to identify the circuit parameters is presented. Measurements of carbon-based DLC's for power applications are presented, analyzed, and the equivalent circuit response is compared with experimental results.
<i>PTEN</i> genomic deletion is associated with p‐Akt and AR signalling in poorer outcome, hormone refractory prostate cancer (2009)

PTEN haploinsufficiency is common in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, though the incidence of genomic deletion and its downstream effects have not been elucidated in clinical samples of hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). Progression to androgen independence is pivotal in prostate cancer and mediated largely by the androgen receptor (AR). Since this process is distinct from metastatic progression, we examined alterations of the PTEN gene in locally advanced recurrent, non-metastatic human HRPC tissues. Retrospective analyses of PTEN deletion status were correlated with activated downstream phospho-Akt (p-Akt) pathway proteins and with the androgen receptor. The prevalence of PTEN genomic deletions in transurethral resection samples of 59 HRPC patients with known clinical outcome was assessed by four-colour FISH analyses. FISH was performed using six BAC clones spanning both flanking PTEN genomic regions and the PTEN gene locus, and a chromosome 10 centromeric probe. PTEN copy number was also evaluated in a subset of cases using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. In addition, the samples were immunostained with antibodies against p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-70S6, and AR. The PTEN gene was deleted in 77% of cases, with 25% showing homozygous deletions, 18% homozygous and hemizygous deletions, and 34% hemizygous deletions only. In a subset of the study group, SNP array analysis confirmed the FISH findings. PTEN genomic deletion was significantly correlated to the expression of downstream p-Akt (p < 0.0001), AR (p = 0.025), and to cancer-specific mortality (p = 0.039). PTEN deletion is common in HRPC, with bi-allelic loss correlating to disease-specific mortality and associated with Akt and AR deregulation.
The Influence of Protein Environment on the Low Temperature Electronic Spectroscopy of Zn-Substituted Cytochrome <i>c</i> (2000)

Low-temperature UV−vis absorption and Stark-effect hole-burning spectra of Zn substituted cytochrome c are studied experimentally and theoretically using quantum mechanical and Poisson−Boltzmann electrostatics models. Both the Q and Soret bands show resolved splitting at temperatures below ∼180 K. The trend observed in the splittings when comparing cytochromes from different species is found to be the same as that observed for the Q(0,0) band of ferrous cytochrome c. The relative magnitudes of the Q and Soret splittings are found to be consistent with predictions based on Gouterman's four orbital model. For horse heart and yeast cytochrome c, which show the greatest difference in the UV−visible band splittings, Stark effect measurements on persistent spectral holes in the Q(0,0) band indicate that the protein-induced polarization is distinctly different for these two species. Incorporation of the protein electrostatic field as virtual point charges into quantum mechanical calculations utilizing the INDO/s semiempirical Hamiltonian is used to demonstrate that the effects of the protein on the heme electronic structure can be considerably different for the two proteins, consistent with the experimental observations.
Causation: A Medico-Legal Battlefield (1957)

In the court room, the trial lawyer strives to introduce medical testimony as to the cause of a condition or disease. Resort in many instances is made, through a hypothetical question to a non-attending physician, as to whether or not the accident described was a competent cause of a later-described or assumed condition, or "might," "could, "would," or "was" competent to have caused it. A great conflict exists in the various states as to the permissible range of inquiry in such cases, depending upon the particular jurisdiction's interpretation of the requirement that medical opinions must be reasonably certain or reasonably probable.
Rotational Polymorphism of Methyl-Substituted Ammonium Perchlorates (1965)

Abstract The thermal transformations which take place in solid methyl-substituted ammonium perchlorates have been studied using high-temperature X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis techniques. In the temperature range from 20°C to their decomposition temperature (above 300°C), ammonium perchlorate and tetramethyl ammonium perchlorate undergo only one enantiomorphic phase transition, namely at 240 and 340°C (with decomposition), respectively. This I—II transition is ascribed to the beginning of the free rotation of the ClO 4 − ions. The rotation of the cations, however, begins below room temperature. If the symmetry of the cation is lowered by having both methyl groups and hydrogens arranged around the nitrogen (as in monomethyl, dimethyl, and trimethyl ammonium perchlorates), there is an additional enantiomorphic phase transition. This I—II transformation is ascribed to the rotation of the cations which have, in the partially substituted ions, two sets of non-equivalent symmetry axes (different moments of inertia). The temperatures of transformation are discussed in terms of the space requirements for rotation. Symmetries and cell dimensions of some modifications were determined.
CO <sub>2</sub> and H <sub>2</sub>O Gasification Kinetics of a Coal Char in the Presence of Methane (2008)

The kinetics of CO 2 and H 2O gasification of a Chinese coal char in the presence of methane has been studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) in the temperature range from 1173 to 1273 K. It was observed that the rate of carbon conversion increased with an increasing temperature and decreased with an increasing CH 4 concentration. The rate of carbon conversion during the gasification of the char experienced a maximum without the presence of methane but decreased continuously with carbon conversion in the presence of methane. Carbon deposition from CH 4 cracking reduced the overall rate of carbon conversion during gasification, but this effect was reduced as the temperature and concentration of CO 2 or H 2O were increased. A gas−solid reaction shrinking core model was developed and applied to the char−CH 4−CO 2/H 2O systems. The experimental results were used to determine the kinetic parameters. The model predictions compared favorably to the measured data. The overall carbon conversion rate has been shown to be a combination of carbon gasification, by CO 2 or H 2O, respectively, and methane cracking.
Poisoning of platinum-rhodium automotive three-way catalysts: behavior of single-component catalysts and effects of sulfur and phosphorus (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoisoning of platinum-rhodium automotive three-way catalysts: behavior of single-component catalysts and effects of sulfur and phosphorusW. Burton. Williamson, Henry K. Stepien, and Haren S. GandhiCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1980, 14, 3, 319–324Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60163a008https://doi.org/10.1021/es60163a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrochemical Biosensing Platforms Using Platinum Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Platinum nanoparticles with a diameter of 2-3 nm were prepared and used in combination with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for fabricating electrochemical sensors with remarkably improved sensitivity toward hydrogen peroxide. Nafion, a perfluorosulfonated polymer, was used to solubilize SWCNTs and also displayed strong interactions with Pt nanoparticles to form a network that connected Pt nanoparticles to the electrode surface. TEM and AFM micrographs illustrated the deposition of Pt nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes whereas cyclic voltammetry confirmed an electrical contact through SWCNTs between Pt nanoparticles and the glassy carbon (GC) or carbon fiber backing. With glucose oxidase (GOx) as an enzyme model, we constructed a GC or carbon fiber microelectrode-based biosensor that responds even more sensitively to glucose than the GC/GOx electrode modified by Pt nanoparticles or CNTs alone. The response time and detection limit (S/N = 3) of this biosensor was determined to be 3 s and 0.5 microM, respectively.
Selection of Relevant Features in Machine Learning. (1994)

In this paper, we review the problem of selecting relevant features for use in machine learning.We describe this problem in terms of heuristic search through a space of feature sets, and we identify four dimensions along which approaches to the problem can vary.We consider recent work on feature selection in terms of this framework, then close with some challenges for future work in the area. The Problem of IrrelevantFeatures
Response to Insulin Treatment and Survival in 104 Cats with Diabetes Mellitus (1985–1995) (1998)

Medical records of 104 cats with diabetes mellitus were reviewed. Information from 54 cats that had multiple blood glucose concentrations evaluated at least 5 times over a minimum of 3 months, beginning at the time insulin treatment was initiated, was used to evaluate the efficacy of insulin in treating diabetes mellitus. Fourteen of 54 cats were treated with protamine zinc insulin (PZI), 26 with ultralente insulin, and 14 with lente insulin. Six, 29, and 19 cats had good, mediocre, and poor glycemic control, respectively, based on mean blood glucose concentrations, whereas 31, 21, and 2 owners thought clinical response was good, mediocre, and poor, respectively. No significant difference was found in glycemic control among cats treated with PZI, ultralente, or lente insulin. Glycemic control was significantly (P < .05) better in 33 cats without than in 21 cats with concurrent disease. All 104 cats were used to calculate survival data. Fifty-one of 104 cats were alive at the time of the study. Mean (+/- standard deviation [SD]) and median survival times were 24 (+/- 16) and 20 months, respectively, in the 51 cats still alive at the end of the evaluation, and 25 (+/- 4) and 17 months, respectively, in the 53 cats that had died during the period of evaluation. Pancreatic abnormalities identified in 37 cats that underwent necropsy included chronic pancreatitis (n = 17), acute to subacute pancreatitis (n = 2), exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 7) and adenoma (n = 1), islet cell atrophy and vacuolar degeneration (n = 27), and islet amyloidosis (n = 8). No association was found between glycemic control and islet amyloidosis or exocrine pancreatic neoplasia, or between survival time and chronic pancreatitis, islet amyloidosis, or exocrine pancreatic neoplasia. In conclusion, diabetic cats evaluated in this study showed a variable response to exogenously administered insulin, ranging from excellent to poor. By maintaining mean blood glucose concentrations under 300 mg/dL, clinical signs were improved, and owners were satisfied with insulin treatment. Concurrent potentially insulin-antagonistic diseases were common and deleteriously affected glycemic control and survival time.
Damage localization and rupture with gradient damage models (2011)

We propose a method of construction of non homogeneous solutions to the problem of traction ofa bar made of an elastic-damaging material whose softening behavior is regularized by a gradient damage model.We show that, for sufficiently long bars, localization arises on sets whose length is proportional to the materialinternal length and with a profile which is also characteristic of the material. The rupture of the bar occurs at thecenter of the localization zone when the damage reaches there the critical value corresponding to the loss ofrigidity of the material. The dissipated energy during all the damage process up to rupture is a quantity c G whichcan be expressed in terms of the material parameters. Accordingly, c G can be considered as the usual surfaceenergy density appearing in the Griffith theory of brittle fracture. All these theoretical considerations areillustrated by numerical examples.
Three-dimensional Image Analysis of Corrosion Fatigue Fracture Surface (1986)

Computer image processing technology has been applied to fracture surface analysis, and the generalized software for 3-dimensional fractography -image analysis has been developed. By this software, it became possible to obtain 3-dimensional fracture surface topography from a stereo-pair of SEM fractographs with sufficient precision. As for the identical position search algorithm to calculate the fracture surface height, the SSDA method was fitted to fatigue fracture surfaces in air and in vacuum. Whilst the correlation method must be applied to the corrosion fatigue fracture surface being adhered corrosion products or calcareous deposits on it, as well as to the inter- and transgranular mixed one. The crack closing simulation by means of the 3-dimensional fracture surface topography accounted for the wedge effects induced by the corrosion products or deposits as a first approximation. And the results was corresponded to the shape of load-strain hysteresis loops well. On the contrary, fracture surface roughness deduced from the 3-dimensional topography was not necessarily corresponded to the crack closing behavior.
<i>Drosophila</i> male germline stem cells do not asymmetrically segregate chromosome strands (2011)

Adult stem cells continuously supply differentiated cells throughout the life of organisms. This increases the risk of replicative senescence or neoplastic transformation due to mutations that accumulate over many rounds of DNA replication. The immortal strand hypothesis proposes that stem cells reduce the accumulation of replication-induced mutations by retaining the older template DNA strands. Other models have also been proposed in which stem cells asymmetrically segregate chromosome strands for other reasons, such as retention of epigenetic memories. Recently, the idea has emerged that the mother centrosome, which is stereotypically retained within some asymmetrically dividing stem cells, might be utilized as a means of asymmetrically segregating chromosome strands. We have tested this hypothesis in germline stem cells (GSCs) from Drosophila melanogaster testis, which undergo asymmetric divisions marked by the asymmetric segregation of centrosomes and the acquisition of distinct daughter cell fates (stem cell self-renewal versus differentiation). Using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine labeling combined with direct visualization of GSC-gonialblast (differentiating daughter) pairs, we directly scored the outcome of chromosome strand segregation. Our data show that, in male GSCs in the Drosophila testis, chromosome strands are not asymmetrically segregated, despite asymmetrically segregating centrosomes. Our data demonstrate that asymmetric centrosome segregation in stem cells does not necessarily lead to asymmetric chromosome strand segregation.
Leviathan and Capital Tax Competition in Federations (2003)

This paper analyzes a simple model of taxation in a federal system within which policymakers are revenue–maximizing Leviathans and fiscal externalities arise not only horizontally, across the “states,” but also vertically between levels of government. Such an economy is characterized by excessively high taxation in the noncooperative equilibrium. Intensifying horizontal competition, by increasing the number of states, unambiguously increases revenues (contrary to the Leviathan wisdom) but nevertheless enhances consumer welfare (consistent with the Leviathan wisdom). Revenue sharing arrangements between policymakers are shown to be—contrary to the Leviathan wisdom—Pareto improving.
Dynamic Visualization of Lung Sounds with a Vibration Response Device: A Case Series (2007)

The VRI device may provide a new perspective in acoustic imaging and quantification of breath sounds by adding aspects of time analysis and quantification of distribution to existing methods. Further studies will be required in order to establish reliability of repeated recordings and to validate the sensitivity of the system in detecting various lung pathologies.
Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata (1980)

The ninth documented case of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) combined with pregnancy is presented. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed that the smaller tumors were composed partly of decidual cells and partly of fibroblasts, and the larger tumors contained cells resembling smooth muscle cells. Plasma steroid levels were determined during pregnancy. Estrogen levels were within normal range, but progesterone levels were lower than normal, resulting in relative hyperestrogenism. In the case presented, pregnancy, especially with relative hyperestrogenism, may have been a major cause of LPD.
Colloidal Single-Layer Quantum Dots with Lateral Confinement Effects on 2D Exciton (2016)

Controlled lateral quantum confinement in single-layer transition-metal chalcogenides (TMCs) can potentially combine the unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) exciton with the size-tunability of exciton energy, creating the single-layer quantum dots (SQDs) of 2D TMC materials. However, exploring such opportunities has been challenging due to the limited ability to produce well-defined SQDs with sufficiently high quality and size control, in conjunction with the commonly observed inconsistency in the optical properties. Here, we report an effective method to synthesize high-quality and size-controlled SQDs of WSe<sub>2</sub> via multilayer quantum dots (MQDs) precursors, which enables grasping a clear picture of the role of lateral confinement on the optical properties of the 2D exciton. From the single-particle optical spectra and polarization anisotropy of WSe<sub>2</sub> SQDs of varying sizes in addition to their ensemble data, we reveal how the properties of 2D exciton in single-layer TMCs evolve with increasing lateral quantum confinement.
BRein Memory: A Single-Chip Binary/Ternary Reconfigurable in-Memory Deep Neural Network Accelerator Achieving 1.4 TOPS at 0.6 W (2017)

A versatile reconfigurable accelerator architecture for binary/ternary deep neural networks is presented. In-memory neural network processing without any external data accesses, sustained by the symmetry and simplicity of the computation of the binary/ternaty neural network, improves the energy efficiency dramatically. The prototype chip is fabricated, and it achieves 1.4 TOPS (tera operations per second) peak performance with 0.6-W power consumption at 400-MHz clock. The application examination is also conducted.