gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A stochastic disk I/O simulation technique (1997)

In this paper, we describe a technique to construct accurate stochastic simulation models from acquired trace data. The resulting simulation models accept input trace data and return estimates of disk request service times. In addition, we describe a trace collection technique capable of collecting accurate trace data from Novell Netware servers. These traces are used to construct a simulation model of a Novell Netware I/O subsystem that, is used to study the impact of disk data reorganization on I/O performance.
The Least Quadratic Non Residue (1952)

This, the problem of the least quadratic non residue, has often been investigated. The best result is due to Vinogradov, who proved that (1) n(k) = O(k1I(2Ve) where n(k) denotes the least positive quadratic non residue of the prime k. Also, several interesting results about n(k) have been obtained by A. Brauer through elementary methods. It has been conjectured that n(k) ko(E). This was first proved by Linnik on the assumption of the extended Riemann Hypothesis (E.R.H.). Recently, with the same hypothesis, S. Chowla and P. Erdds have improved Linnik's result to n(k) = O(exp ((log k)i+e)) In this paper I prove on the basis of the E.R.H. (2) n(k) = O((log k)2) S. Chow-la has proved that there exist infinitely many primes k where the first cl log k residues (mod k) are all quadratic residues. Hence, the upper bound on (2) cannot be improved beyond O(log k). The two results, the upper and lower bounds, are now not too far apart. The best possible bound for n(k) is probably not the bound in (2). One COuld(1 improve the bound in (2) by methods in this paper if one could derive any non trivial estimate in terms of k on
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) Reception and Transmission for LTE-Advanced/4G (2012)

Wireless data usage is increasing at a phenomenal rate and driving the need for continued innovations in wireless data technologies to provide more capacity and higher quality of service. In order to meet all the requirements of IMT-Advanced as defined by ITU for LTE-Advanced/4G, several key technology components have been investigated 3GPP. In addition to relaying and repeater solutions to enhance coverage and cell edge data rates, Coordinated Multi-Point transmission/reception (CoMP) is considered by 3GPP as a tool to improve coverage, cell-edge throughput and system efficiency. This paper provides a brief insight in to the technologies including its architecture, working and challenges in the deployment of CoMP.
Significant Improved Luminescence Intensity of Eu[sup 2+]-Doped Ca[sub 3]SiO[sub 4]Cl[sub 2] Green Phosphor for White LEDs Synthesized Through Two-Stage Method (2009)

A two-stage method for the preparation of -doped is reported. It was observed that the emission intensity is significantly enhanced up to 30% by the two-stage method. The critical concentration of was found to be and the critical radius was . The broad excitation band and strong emission indicate that the phosphor could be a good green-phosphor candidate for creating white light in phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Angiotensin II stimulation of Na-H antiporter activity is cAMP independent in OKP cells (1994)

Angiotensin II has been reported to stimulate the proximal tubule Na-H antiporter by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, and possibly by an adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-independent mechanism. We examined the effect of angiotensin II on Na-H antiporter activity (JNa-H) in opossum kidney (OKP) cells, a proximal tubule-like cell line, whose Na-H antiporter resembles that of the proximal tubule apical membrane. We found that angiotensin II regulates JNa-H in a concentration-dependent manner similar to the proximal tubule, with angiotensin II concentrations < 10(-8) M stimulating and > 10(-8) M inhibiting JNa-H. The stimulatory effect of angiotensin II was blocked by 10(-8) M losartan and was pertussis toxin sensitive, suggesting mediation through an angiotensin II (AT1) receptor coupled to a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Acute treatment with 10(-4) M 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcAMP) inhibited JNa-H by 30% and blocked angiotensin II-induced stimulation. However, angiotensin II (10(-12)-10(-6) M) did not inhibit basal, dopamine-stimulated, or forskolin-stimulated cAMP production measured in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). In addition, angiotensin II had no effect on cAMP levels measured in the absence of IBMX. We conclude that angiotensin II at physiological concentrations stimulates JNa-H in OKP cells via a cAMP-independent mechanism mediated by an AT1 receptor and a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.
Applied frequency assignment (2002)

Presents a new assignment method which has been developed by the author and has been used since the end of 1992 for the design of the frequency plan of the German GSM-Network D1 operated by the DeTeMobil. The new method aims to optimize the interference situation in cellular radio networks under the main constraint of satisfying the frequency demand of every base station using only allowed frequencies. DETECON (Bonn, Germany) has applied for an international patent for the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three‐dimensional verification of patient placement during radiotherapy using portal images (1993)

The use of a single portal image for the three-dimensional verification of patient placement during radiotherapy has been investigated. In this study, a deviation in the patient positioning is quantified by a three-dimensional translation and rotation of the patient. The parameter values are obtained by fitting the projections of anatomical match points in the simulator and the portal image, using the three-dimensional gantry coordinates of these points in the intended treatment setup. Two methods for finding an analytical solution for the fitting problem are presented. One method yields a solution from the affine transformation of the portal image (shift, rotation, magnification, and stretching in a specified direction) that fits the projections of the match points on the simulator image. The second and more accurate method yields a solution that expresses the estimated parameter values and their covariances as functions of image and three-dimensional gantry coordinates of the selected matchpoints. The robustness and sensitivity of the solution is implicitly given by these expressions. The applications of these methods are illustrated by experiments with a human pelvic bone.
The Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System: Long-Term Contraception and Therapeutic Effects (2005)

The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena((R))) has been developed as a long-acting method of contraception. This medicated device, inserted into the uterus, delivers a small daily dose of a progestin, levonorgestrel, into the uterine cavity. It is one of the most effective methods of contraception and is approved in more than 100 countries for 5 years of use.
Endoglin (CD105): A Strong Candidate for Immunologic Targeting of Tumor Neovasculature in Human Malignancies (2008)

Tumor-associated angiogenesis is a well-acknowledged therapeutic target for human malignancies, and different markers of tumor neovasculature are actively investigated as potential candidates for antiangiogenetic therapy in cancer. Among these is endoglin (CD105), a homodimeric transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed on proliferating endothelial cells, which has been identified as a functional component of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor system about a decade ago. The large body of experimental data accumulated so far indicates that CD105 plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and vascular integrity; furthermore, intratumoral microvessel density as evaluated by staining for CD105 represents a strong prognostic factor in solid malignancies of different histology. In this work, we review the biologic features of CD105 and the complex of evidences highlighting its great potentialities as novel target for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in human malignancies.
IP Assignment Analysis Based on DHCP at High-speed Network (2009)

최근 정보통신기술은 통신서비스의 공급자들이 개별적으로 구축하여 운영하고 있는 네트워크 시스템에 일관된 자원 및 네트워크의 보안 체계 구축을 도입하고 있다. 그래서 다양한 접속망을 통하여 멀티미디어 통신서비스를 수행한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 초고속 통신망에서의 DHCP 프로토콜을 기반으로 한 IP 할당 방법을 알아보고, 이를 이용하여 유동 IP를 할당받아 xDSL모뎀, AP, 사용자 PC 등의 부팅 순서에 따라 IP 할당의 성공 또는 실패가 발생할 수 있는 경우를 분석하여 사용자에게 최적의 서비스품질을 제공하고자 한다. Recently, Telecommunication companies have introduced a new network architecture that assigns network resources consistent and protects their systems more secure. Now, they provide multimedia services through various types of access networks. In this study, I'd like to introduce IP address assignment method based on the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and find out how success or failure of Ip address assignment will be taken place according to the booting order of xDSL modem, AP and PC.
Silent α<sub>2C</sub>-adrenergic receptors enable cold-induced vasoconstriction in cutaneous arteries (2000)

Cold constricts cutaneous blood vessels by increasing the reactivity of smooth muscle alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(2)-ARs). Experiments were performed to determine the role of alpha(2)-AR subtypes (alpha(2A)-, alpha(2B)-, alpha(2C)-ARs) in this response. Stimulation of alpha(1)-ARs by phenylephrine or alpha(2)-ARs by UK-14,304 caused constriction of isolated mouse tail arteries mounted in a pressurized myograph system. Compared with proximal arteries, distal arteries were more responsive to alpha(2)-AR activation but less responsive to activation of alpha(1)-ARs. Cold augmented constriction to alpha(2)-AR activation in distal arteries but did not affect the response to alpha(1)-AR stimulation or the level of myogenic tone. Western blot analysis demonstrated expression of alpha(2A)- and alpha(2C)-ARs in tail arteries: expression of alpha(2C)-ARs decreased in distal compared with proximal arteries, whereas expression of the glycosylated form of the alpha(2A)-AR increased in distal arteries. At 37 degrees C, alpha(2)-AR-induced vasoconstriction in distal arteries was inhibited by selective blockade of alpha(2A)-ARs (BRL-44408) but not by selective inhibition of alpha(2B)-ARs (ARC-239) or alpha(2C)-ARs (MK-912). In contrast, during cold exposure (28 degrees C), the augmented response to UK-14,304 was inhibited by the alpha(2C)-AR antagonist MK-912, which selectively abolished cold-induced amplification of the response. These experiments indicate that cold-induced amplification of alpha(2)-ARs is mediated by alpha(2C)-ARs that are normally silent in these cutaneous arteries. Blockade of alpha(2C)-ARs may prove an effective treatment for Raynaud's Phenomenon.
Comparison of growth of human bladder cancer in tissue culture or as xenografts with clinical and pathological characteristics. (1984)

Seventy-four biopsies of human bladder carcinoma were assessed by implantation as xenografts in immune-deprived mice and/or by culture of cell suspensions in agar or methylcellulose. The quality of the cell suspensions was assessed immediately after plating in vitro. The results were compared with the pathological stage and grade of the biopsies and with the clinical course of the disease in patients from whom the biopsies were obtained. We found that (a) progressively growing xenografts were generated from 20 of 53 biopsies (38%). These xenografts grew with mean volume doubling times in the range of 1 to 3 weeks; all of them examined histologically were consistent with transitional cell carcinoma. (b) Colony formation occurred from 21 of 49 cell suspensions (43%), and plating efficiency was in the range of 0.0004 to 1.7%. The majority of cell suspensions were found to have residual small clusters of cells. Colony formation sometimes originated from these clusters, an effect that would be expected to introduce artifacts when the in vivo cloning assay is used for chemosensitivity testing. (c) There was no evident correlation between expression of clonal growth in vitro and success of xenografting, and no correlation between the results of either of these experimental procedures with stage, grade, or clinical course of the disease. Further improvements in tissue culture and xenograft technology will be required before these methods can be used as a guide to patient management.
Discriminatively estimated joint acoustic, duration, and language model for speech recognition (2010)

We introduce a discriminative model for speech recognition that integrates acoustic, duration and language components. In the framework of finite state machines, a general model for speech recognition G is a finite state transduction from acoustic state sequences to word sequences (e.g., search graph in many speech recognizers). The lattices from a baseline recognizer can be viewed as an a posteriori version of G after having observed an utterance. So far, discriminative language models have been proposed to correct the output side of G and is applied on the lattices. The acoustic state sequences on the input side of these lattice can also be exploited to improve the choice of the best hypotheses through the lattice. Taking this view, the model proposed in this paper jointly estimates the parameters for acoustic and language components in a discriminative setting. The resulting model can be factored as corrections for the input and the output sides of the general model G. This formulation allows us to incorporate duration cues seamlessly. Empirical results on a large vocabulary Arabic GALE task demonstrate that the proposed model improves word error rate substantially, with a gain of 1.6% absolute. Through a series of experiments we analyze the contributions from and interactions between acoustic, duration and language components to find that duration cues play an important role in Arabic task.
Alternative Technologies to Generate Monoclonal Antibodies (1993)

Several new technologies to generate and modify established hybridomas that produce monoclonal antibodies have recently been presented and further development should make them more suitable for diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Different proteolytic procedures have been used for the fragmentation of intact antibodies to Fab2' and Fab fragments and recombinant DNA techniques have made it possible to obtain chimeric, humanized, Fv fragments and single-chain Fvs. A review of the new approaches is presented and the future implications are discussed.
A new high-rate differential space-time block coding scheme (2003)

A new high-rate differential space-time transmission scheme based on spatial multiplexing of Alamouti-encoded information streams is developed. At the receiver, joint space-time differential interference cancellation and decoding is performed, realizing diversity and rate gains, without requiring channel knowledge or bandwidth expansion. Our focus is on the case of two information streams with two transmit antennas per stream on flat-fading channels for simplicity. However, using previously published techniques, the development readily extends to more than two information streams, to more than two transmit antennas per stream, and to frequency-selective channels.
An effective Boolean algorithm for mining association rules in large databases (2003)

In this paper, we present in effective Boolean algorithm for mining association rules in large databases of sales transactions. Like the a priori algorithm, the proposed Boolean algorithm mines association rules in two steps. In the first step, logic OR and AND operations are used to compute frequent itemsets. In the second step, logic AND and XOR operations are applied to derive all interesting association rules based on the computed frequent itemsets. By only scanning the database once and avoiding generating candidate itemsets in computing frequent itemsets, the Boolean algorithm gains a significant performance improvement over the a priori algorithm. We propose two efficient implementations of the Boolean algorithm, the bitstream approach and the sparse-matrix approach. Through comprehensive experiments, we show that both the bitstream approach and the sparse-matrix approach outperform the a priori algorithm in all database settings. The sparse-matrix approach in particular shows a very significant performance improvement over the a priori algorithm.
Wild-type and A315T mutant TDP-43 exert differential neurotoxicity in a Drosophila model of ALS (2011)

The RNA-binding protein TDP-43 has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) both as a causative locus and as a marker of pathology. With several missense mutations being identified within TDP-43, efforts have been directed towards generating animal models of ALS in mouse, zebrafish, Drosophila and worms. Previous loss of function and overexpression studies have shown that alterations in TDP-43 dosage recapitulate hallmark features of ALS pathology, including neuronal loss and locomotor dysfunction. Here we report a direct in vivo comparison between wild-type and A315T mutant TDP-43 overexpression in Drosophila neurons. We found that when expressed at comparable levels, wild-type TDP-43 exerts more severe effects on neuromuscular junction architecture, viability and motor neuron loss compared with the A315T allele. A subset of these differences can be compensated by higher levels of A315T expression, indicating a direct correlation between dosage and neurotoxic phenotypes. Interestingly, larval locomotion is the sole parameter that is more affected by the A315T allele than wild-type TDP-43. RNA interference and genetic interaction experiments indicate that TDP-43 overexpression mimics a loss-of-function phenotype and suggest a dominant-negative effect. Furthermore, we show that neuronal apoptosis does not require the cytoplasmic localization of TDP-43 and that its neurotoxicity is modulated by the proteasome, the HSP70 chaperone and the apoptosis pathway. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the phenotypic consequences of the A315T TDP-43 missense mutation and suggest that studies of individual mutations are critical for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of ALS and related neurodegenerative disorders.
Lipid Rafts Associate with Intracellular B Cell Receptors and Exhibit a B Cell Stage-Specific Protein Composition (2005)

Lipid rafts serve as platforms for BCR signal transduction. To better define the molecular basis of these membrane microdomains, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to characterize lipid raft proteins from mature as well as immature B cell lines. Of 51 specific raft proteins, we identified a total of 18 proteins by peptide mass fingerprinting. Among them, we found vacuolar ATPase subunits alpha-1 and beta-2, vimentin, gamma-actin, mitofilin, and prohibitin. None of these has previously been reported in lipid rafts of B cells. The differential raft association of three proteins, including a novel potential signaling molecule designated swiprosin-1, correlated with the stage-specific sensitivity of B cells to BCR-induced apoptosis. In addition, MHC class II molecules were detected in lipid rafts of mature, but not immature B cells. This intriguing finding points to a role for lipid rafts in regulating Ag presentation during B cell maturation. Finally, a fraction of the BCR in the B cell line CH27 was constitutively present in lipid rafts. Surprisingly, this fraction was neither expressed at the cell surface nor fully O-glycosylated. Thus, we conclude that partitioning the BCR into lipid rafts occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum/cis-Golgi compartment and may represent a control mechanism for surface transport.
Transmission Electron Microscopy of polysilicon microresistor (1994)

The electrical properties of electronic materials are greatly affected by their microstructure, which in turn is determined by the processes used for fabrication. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is one of the most powerful analytical techniques to provide localized information about microstructure as it relates to process control parameters. This information is used for process development and failure diagnoses as well as QA/QC control. In this study, the microstructures within the devicesof polysilicon microresistors were analyzed using TEM to understand different resistances. The TEM samples were prepared from the devices to be analyzed by the mechanical polishing method using the tripod polisher TM . The selected area polishing technique was used to find the area of interest within one micron range. Figure 1 shows the specimen preparation process. The low and high magnification optical micrographs in Figures 1a and 1b indicate the region of interest within the die. Figure 1c is the optical image of the cross section along the line A-A in Figure lb.
Automatic aeroelastic devices in the wings of a steppe eagle<i>Aquila nipalensis</i> (2007)

Here we analyse aeroelastic devices in the wings of a steppe eagle Aquila nipalensis during manoeuvres. Chaotic deflections of the upperwing coverts observed using video cameras carried by the bird (50 frames s(-1)) indicate trailing-edge separation but attached flow near the leading edge during flapping and gust response, and completely stalled flows upon landing. The underwing coverts deflect automatically along the leading edge at high angle of attack. We use high-speed digital video (500 frames s(-1)) to analyse these deflections in greater detail during perching sequences indoors and outdoors. Outdoor perching sequences usually follow a stereotyped three-phase sequence comprising a glide, pitch-up manoeuvre and deep stall. During deep stall, the spread-eagled bird has aerodynamics reminiscent of a cross-parachute. Deployment of the underwing coverts is closely phased with wing sweeping during the pitch-up manoeuvre, and is accompanied by alula protraction. Surprisingly, active alula protraction is preceded by passive peeling from its tip. Indoor flights follow a stereotyped flapping perching sequence, with deployment of the underwing coverts closely phased with alula protraction and the end of the downstroke. We propose that the underwing coverts operate as an automatic high-lift device, analogous to a Kruger flap. We suggest that the alula operates as a strake, promoting formation of a leading-edge vortex on the swept hand-wing when the arm-wing is completely stalled, and hypothesise that its active protraction is stimulated by its initial passive deflection. These aeroelastic devices appear to be used for flow control to enhance unsteady manoeuvres, and may also provide sensory feedback.
Enantioselective β-Lactone Formation from Ketene and Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Chiral Oxazaborolidine (2006)

[reaction: see text] A novel catalytic system has been developed for the enantioselective synthesis of beta-lactones from ketene and aldehydes.
Non-contiguous linear placement for reconfigurable fabrics (2004)

Summary form only given. We present efficient solutions for the noncontiguous linear placement of data paths for reconfigurable fabrics. A strip-based architecture is assumed for the reconfigurable fabric. A preorder tree-expression or a general graph is placed in a strip, which can have active and/or inactive preplaced cores representing blockages and/or cores available for reuse. Two very efficient algorithms are proposed to solve the simpler problem of noncontiguous placement with blockages but without core reuse for tree graphs. The linear ordering obtained with any of the above algorithms is used as input for a third efficient algorithm to solve the problem of noncontiguous placement with both active and inactive cores. A fourth algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of noncontiguous placement with both core and connectivity reuse. Simulations results are reported.