gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Intravitreal drug delivery by microspheres of biodegradable polymers]. (1990)

We evaluated the efficacy of microspheres of biodegradable polymers as a slow releasing drug delivery system in the vitreous body. Microspheres containing 5-FU were prepared with polymers of poly-(lactic acid) or copolymers of glycolic acid and lactic acid. The release of the drug was studied in vitro. Poly-(lactic acid) microspheres released 5-FU for 7 days. The intravitreal kinetics of the microspheres was studied in rabbits in vivo. The microspheres disappeared from the vitreous cavity of normal eyes by 48 +/- 5 days after injection. Disappearance was accelerated from the vitreous cavity of vitrectomized rabbits (14 +/- 2 days, p less than 10(-6)). No abnormality was found on electroretinographic or histological examinations after microspheres injection. These results suggested that microspheres of biodegradable polymers could be useful as a potential drug delivery system for sustained drug release in the vitreous body.
Effect of architecture configuration on software reliability and performance estimation (2002)

Presents a case study that enables the early prediction of software reliability and performance at the architecture design stage. Software architecture design is a crucial stage in the software development process, especially in developing large-scale software. Early prediction of the reliability and performance of the software can be used as a basis for making design decisions. We have studied several common architectural styles, with emphasis on the pipe-filter and the batch-sequential styles, and observed the impact of different configurations on reliability and performance measurements. Moreover, several external factors that might have an influence on these measurements are studied. The results show that altering the architecture configuration to attain higher reliability and/or better performance is feasible depending on variations in the execution environment.
Fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings by sequential UV-writing with real-time interferometric side-diffraction position monitoring (2005)

We present two real-time fiber position monitoring methods for sequential fiber-Bragg-grating UV-writing process. Before writing every grating section, the just-exposed grating section or the reference fiber grating is probed by an interferometric side-diffraction method to measure the grating phase as position reference. (2 pages)
Speech feature extraction using independent component analysis (2002)

In this paper, we proposed new speech features using independent component analysis to human speeches. When independent component analysis is applied to speech signals for efficient encoding the adapted basis functions resemble Gabor-like features. Trained basis functions have some redundancies, so we select some of the basis functions by the reordering method. The basis functions are almost ordered from the low frequency basis vector to the high frequency basis vector. And this is compatible with the fact that human speech signals have much more information in the low frequency range. Those features can be used in automatic speech recognition systems and the proposed method gives much better recognition rates than conventional mel-frequency cepstral features.
Evaluation of a Low Molecular Weight Modulator of Human Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Activity (1996)

A critical component in the regulation of thrombus formation and clearance is the balance between tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). An increase in the plasma concentration of PAI-1 has been proposed as a risk factor in thrombotic disease. Inhibition of PAI-1 activity may have utility in the treatment of thromboembolic disease. We report here the evaluation of three diketopiperazine-based low molecular weight inhibitors of PAI-1 activity (XR334, XR1853 and XR5082). In vitro these compounds reversed the inhibitory effects of PAI-1 against both tPA and urokinase (UK) (IC50: 5 to 80 muM). In contrast, other serpin-serine protease interactions, including alpha 1-antitrypsin-trypsin, alpha 2-antiplasmin- plasmin and antithrombin-thrombin, were not affected, neither did these inhibitors affect global tests of haemostasis. In the light of this promising in vitro profile these compounds were evaluated in a standard radioisotopic assay of clot lysis in whole rat blood following intravenous administration. In this assay these compounds dose-dependently enhanced fibrinolysis ex vivo. After intravenous bolus administration XR334, XR1853 and XR5082 at 5 mg/kg increased clot lysis by 32.0 +/- 5.1% SEM (n = 25, p < 0.01), 36.7 +/- 3.5% SEM (n = 36, p < 0.01) and 60.0 +/- 2.8% SEM (n = 17, p < 0.01) respectively compared to vehicle. Intravenous infusion of these compounds (1 mg/kg/min for 20 min) significantly prolonged (approximately twofold) the time to blood vessel occlusion in the rat electrically-stimulated carotid artery thrombosis model. Thus, these low molecular weight inhibitors of PAI-1 activity enhanced fibrinolysis ex vivo and protected against thrombus formation in the rat.
Environmental effects on droplet self-alignment assisted hybrid microassembly (2009)

This paper reports an experimental study of environmental effects on a hybrid microhandling technique that combines robotic microhandling and droplet based self-alignment. The effects of relative humidity on reliability and on duration of the hybrid microassembly are studied in two cases. The first one is with 300 ¿m × 300 ¿m × 70 ¿m SU-8 parts on the top of another part of the same material and size. The second one is with silicon parts of about 700 ¿m × 700 ¿m × 150 ¿m on hydrophilic patterns. A custom-made microrobotic platform, an environment control system and a high speed camera are used in the study. The study shows that the humidity of the ambient environment has a certain effect on the performance of the hybrid handling strategy. It seems that higher humidity is beneficial to the handling. The results also show that the reliability was lower in low humidities with a small amount of water and the duration was longer in low humidities in certain tests.
Application of Neural Networks in Computer Security (2014)

This contribution is focused on the insurance of control system data communication via neural network technologies in connection with classical methods used in expert systems. The solution proposed defines a way of data element identification in transfer networks, solves the transformation of their parameters for neural network input and defines the type and architecture of a suitable neural network. This is supported by experiments with various architecture types and neural network activation functions and followed by subsequent real environment tests. A functional system proposal with possible practical application is the result.
Detonation flame arrester qualifying application parameter for explosion prevention in vapor handling systems (1995)

Abstract Compliance with air quality initiatives often involves the installation of a vapor collection system (VCS). The purpose of a VCS is to collect and direct vapors to a flare, incinerator or recovery unit. This practice creates a hazardous situation wherein an explosive vapor is tied into an ignition source. This paper examines nine factors in creating the most severe flame front possible in a practical, full sized piping system. They are: gas types, gas mixtures, pre‐ignition pressure, temperature of the ignition energy, temperature of the mixture, ignition location, pipe configuration, protected side restrictions and endurance to stabilized flame. The paper also examines which of these factors are in the jurisdiction of the plant process and those factors for which proof of capability have been demonstrated by commercially manufactured detonation flame arresters in actual tests. Many certification standards define the acceptance testing of DFA's. They have been evolving and improving over the past two decades. A summary is made of which flame propagation parameters are addressed by various standards. When reviewed in this context, and applied to practical operating conditions, new levels of confidence and safety are created. The critical variables within the control of the industry are outlined. This information can be applied to reduce the current high frequency of vapor transportation explosions.
Double DC-DC converter for uninterruptible power supply applications (2010)

This paper presents a double DC-DC converter for uninterruptible power supply applications. The converter has a simple structure and is applied to a high capacity uninterruptible power supply (UPS). In comparison with a conventional DC-DC converter, a double DC-DC converter exhibits lower ripple current and offers many benefits to UPS systems such as size/weight reduction and higher efficiency. The double DC-DC converter was implemented in a transformerless three-level UPS with capacity of 750kVA, rated at a nominal input/output voltage of 480V. Test results confirm the excellent transient performance of the proposed equipment as well as the high DC-DC-AC efficiency (about 97%) during the discharging mode. The overall design of the proposed UPS aims to contribute to greening critical facilities such as information technology (IT) systems by delivering high reliability and high efficiency in a compact footprint.
Rational Design of an Improved Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft: Determining the Optimal Cell Dose and Incubation Time (2016)

Increasing the BM-MNC dose and reducing incubation time is a viable strategy for improving the performance and utility of the graft.
Artificial Intelligence and Collective Intelligence (2014)

The vision of artificial intelligence (AI) is often mani-fested through an autonomous software module (agent) in a complex and uncertain environment. The agent is capa-ble of thinking ahead and acting for long periods of time in accordance with its goals/objectives. It is also capable of learning and refining its understanding of the world. The agent may accomplish this based on its own experience, or from the feedback provided by humans. Famous recent ex-amples include self-driving cars (Thrun 2006) and the IBM Jeopardy player Watson (Ferrucci et al. 2010). This chapter explores the immense value of AI techniques for collective intelligence, including ways to make interactions between large numbers of humans more efficient. By defining collective intelligence as “groups of individ-uals acting collectively in an intelligent manner, ” one soon
Finite state hierarchical table-lookup vector quantization for images (2002)

This paper presents an algorithm for image compression using finite state hierarchical table-lookup vector quantization. Finite state vector quantizers are vector quantizers with memory. Finite state vector quantization (FSVQ) takes advantage of the correlation between adjacent blocks of pixels in an image and also helps in overcoming the complexity problem of block memoryless VQ for large block sizes by using smaller block sizes for similar performance. FSVQ algorithms typically try to preserve edge and gray scale gradient continuity across block boundaries in images in order to reduce blockiness. Our algorithm combines FSVQ with hierarchical table-lookup vector quantization. Thus the full-search encoder in an FSVQ is replaced by a table-lookup encoder. In these table lookup encoders, input vectors to the encoder are used directly as addresses in code tables to choose the code-words. In order to preserve manageable table sizes for large dimension VQs, we use hierarchical structures to quantize the vector successively in stages. Since both the encoder and decoder are implemented by table lookups, there are no arithmetic computations required in the final system implementation. To further improve the subjective quality of compressed images we use block transform based finite-state table-lookup vector quantizers with subjective distortion measures. There is no need to perform the forward or reverse transforms as they are implemented in the tables.
Applied eye tracking research (2011)

Jarodzka, H. (2010, 12 November). Applied eye tracking research. Presentation and Labtour for Vereniging Gewone Leden in oprichting (VGL i.o.), Heerlen, The Netherlands: Open University of the Netherlands.
Study of RF MEMS Single-Pole-Four-Throw Switch (2006)

The design of an RF MEMS Single-Pole-Four-Throw switch is introduced. It consists of four series-configured, resistive-contact, cantilever switches based architecture in micro-strip transmission line. The SP4T switch yields an insertion loss of about 0.8 dB and a maximum VSWR of 1.2 in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 5 GHz .A minimum of 38 dB isolation between the ports has been achieved in the same frequency range. This SP4T switch is actuated by a DC voltage of 35-45 dc volt.
Subcellular localization of a cytochrome P-450-dependent monogenase in vesicles of the higher plant Catharanthus roseus (1977)

The intracellular location of a cytochrome P-450-dependent monoterpene hydroxylase from the higher plant, Catharanthus roseus, has been investigated. By differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, utilizing marker enzymes and electron microscopy, the monooxygenase was demonstrated to be associated with vesicles having a membrane thickness of 40-60 nm. The vesicles could be distinguished from endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and plasma membrane and were found in light membrane fractions containing provacuoles. Most definitive results were obtained when seedlings were ground in the presence of sand and in a medium containing sorbitol. Upon subjection of the 20,000-g pellet preparation to linear sucrose density gradient centrifugation, a threefold enrichment in hydroxylase activity was afforded in a yellow band having vesicles varying in size from 0.1 to 0.8 mum in diam and having a density of 1.09 to 1.10 g/cm3. Since the monooxygenase has been implicated in indole alkaloid biosynthesis in this plant, the data suggest the compartmentalization of at least a part of this pathway.
Fast Statistical Alignment (2009)

We describe a new program for the alignment of multiple biological sequences that is both statistically motivated and fast enough for problem sizes that arise in practice. Our Fast Statistical Alignment program is based on pair hidden Markov models which approximate an insertion/deletion process on a tree and uses a sequence annealing algorithm to combine the posterior probabilities estimated from these models into a multiple alignment. FSA uses its explicit statistical model to produce multiple alignments which are accompanied by estimates of the alignment accuracy and uncertainty for every column and character of the alignment--previously available only with alignment programs which use computationally-expensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo approaches--yet can align thousands of long sequences. Moreover, FSA utilizes an unsupervised query-specific learning procedure for parameter estimation which leads to improved accuracy on benchmark reference alignments in comparison to existing programs. The centroid alignment approach taken by FSA, in combination with its learning procedure, drastically reduces the amount of false-positive alignment on biological data in comparison to that given by other methods. The FSA program and a companion visualization tool for exploring uncertainty in alignments can be used via a web interface at http://orangutan.math.berkeley.edu/fsa/, and the source code is available at http://fsa.sourceforge.net/.
Arc-Fault Recognition Based on BP Neural Network (2011)

The back-propagation algorithm has been used widely as a learning algorithm in a feed-forward multilayer neural network. In this study, fault detection was carried out using the information of the arc current. After collecting the actual data, wavelet transformation were adopted in order to obtain the sideband or detail value characteristics under healthy and various faulty operating conditions. The feature vectors consisted of the values obtained by wavelet transformation and turned into the input of network. They were trained with BP neural network system, and the fault detection algorithm was verified using the test data. The experiment shows that the method has better performance for arc-fault recognition.
Postnatal thymus transplantation with immunosuppression as treatment for DiGeorge syndrome (2004)

Complete DiGeorge syndrome is a fatal congenital disorder characterized by athymia, hypoparathyroidism, and heart defects. Less than half of patients are 22q11 hemizygous. The goal of this study was to assess if immune suppression followed by postnatal thymus transplantation would lead to T-cell function in 6 infant patients who had host T cells at the time of transplantation. All infants had fewer than 50 recent thymic emigrants (CD3(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+)) per cubic millimeter (mm(3)) and all had some proliferative response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin. Four infants had rash, lymphadenopathy, and oligoclonal populations of T cells in the periphery. Five of 6 patients are alive at the follow-up interval of 15 months to 30 months. The 5 surviving patients developed a mean of 983 host CD3(+) T cells/mm(3) (range, 536/mm(3)-1574/mm(3)), a mean of 437 recent thymic emigrants/mm(3) (range, 196/mm(3)-785/mm(3)), and normal proliferative responses to phytohemaglutinin (follow-up from day 376 to day 873). The TCR repertoire became polyclonal in patients who presented with oligoclonal T cells. All patients had thymopoiesis on allograft biopsy. Postnatal thymus transplantation after treatment with Thymoglobulin shows promise as therapy for infants with complete DiGeorge syndrome who have significant proliferative responses to mitogens or who develop rash, lymphadenopathy, and oligoclonal T cells.
Ductal abnormalities detected with galactography: frequency of adequate excisional biopsy. (1994)

Our finding that the abnormality shown by galactography was not completely excised in one in five cases indicates that greater cooperation between the surgeon, radiologist, and pathologist is essential to ensure that all lesions are properly removed.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Regulates Migration and Invasion of Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2014)

Cartilage destruction mediated by invasive fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) plays a central role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Increased cell migration and degradation of extracellular matrix are fundamental to these processes. The class I PI3Ks control cell survival, proliferation, and migration, which might be involved in cartilage damage in RA. PI3Kδ isoform was recently identified as a key regulator of FLS growth and survival, suggesting that it could contribute to synoviocyte aggressive behavior. Therefore, we assessed the role of PI3Kδ in RA synoviocyte migration and invasion. We observed that PI3Kδ inhibition or small interfering RNA knockdown decreased platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-mediated migration and invasion of FLS. We then showed that PI3Kδ regulates the organization of actin cytoskeleton and lamellipodium formation during PDGF stimulation. To gain insight into molecular mechanisms, we examined the effect of PI3Kδ inhibition on Rac1/PAK, FAK, and JNK activation. Our studies suggest that Rac1/PAK is key target of PDGF-mediated PI3Kδ signaling, whereas FAK and JNK are not involved. Thus, PI3Kδ contributes to multiple aspects of the pathogenic FLS behavior in RA. These observations, together with previous findings that PI3Kδ regulates FLS growth and survival, suggest that PI3Kδ inhibition could be chondroprotective in RA by modulating synoviocyte growth, migration, and invasion.
Common and rare genotypes of human apolipoprotein E determined by specific restriction profiles of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA (1994)

The three common isoforms of human apolipoprotein E (apo E) differ at positions 112 and 158 and are named E3, E4, and E2 according to phenotyping by isoelectric focusing (IEF). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method allows the detection of common and several rare allelic apo E variants not detected by IEF. We propose a genotyping procedure for apo E that characterizes a given allele on the basis of amplification of specific sequences of the gene followed by the action of restriction endonucleases. When the nucleotide change does not lead to a restriction site, PCR-directed mutagenesis creates the discriminant site, and the differentiation of the three common alleles and five rare variants is possible. We present here profiles of common alleles and of three rare alleles, Weisgraber [Cys112/Asp127/Cys158], Christchurch [Cys112/Ser136/Arg158], and a new rare variant [Cys112/Leu142/Cys158].
Design Pattern Detection in Eiffel Systems (2006)

The use of design patterns in a software system can provide strong indications about the rationale behind the system's design. As a result, automating the detection of design pattern instances could be of significant help to the process of reverse engineering large software systems. In this paper, we introduce DPVK (Design Pattern Verification toolKit), the first reverse engineering tool to detect pattern instances in Eiffel systems. DPVK is able to detect several different design patterns by examining both the static structure and the dynamic behaviour of a system written in Eiffel. We present three case studies that were performed to assess DPVK's effectiveness.
NusG, a new Escherichia coli elongation factor involved in transcriptional antitermination by the N protein of phage lambda. (1992)

We have reconstituted biologically relevant transcriptional antitermination in vitro by the phage lambda N protein. This required the isolation of NusG, a newly identified Escherichia coli transcription elongation factor. NusG is encoded by an E. coli gene, formerly called U and now called nusG, in which a mutation affects antitermination by N in vivo. Efficient antitermination by N in our reconstituted system depends on the bacterial proteins NusG, NusA, NusB, and ribosomal protein S10 (which functions without ribosomes in transcriptional antitermination). In reactions containing E. coli S100 extract, NusG is stoichiometrically bound to lambda N-modified transcription elongation complexes. We used RNA polymerase affinity chromatography to show that NusG binds to the core component of E. coli RNA polymerase. This binding is weak, and the stable association of NusG with lambda elongation complexes additionally requires at least N, NusA, and the boxA component of an N utilization site. In reactions containing bacterial S100 extract, NusG and NusB are also present in elongation complexes transcribing E. coli boxA-containing rDNA.
Control of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by T Cells Responding to Activated T Cells (1989)

T cell vaccination against experimental autoimmune disease is herein shown to be mediated in part by anti-ergotypic T cells, T cells that recognize and respond to the state of activation of other T cells. The anti-ergotypic response thus combines with the previously shown anti-idiotypic T cell response to regulate autoimmunity.
New concepts in antimalarial use and mode of action in dermatology (2007)

Although chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and quinacrine were originally developed for the treatment of malaria, these medications have been used to treat skin disease for over 50 years. Recent clinical data have confirmed the usefulness of these medications for the treatment of lupus erythematosus. Current research has further enhanced our understanding of the pharmacologic mechanisms of action of these drugs involving inhibition of endosomal toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling limiting B cell and dendritic cell activation. With this understanding, the use of these medications in dermatology is broadening. This article highlights the different antimalarials used within dermatology through their pharmacologic properties and mechanism of action, as well as indicating their clinical uses. In addition, contraindications, adverse effects, and possible drug interactions of antimalarials are reviewed.