gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spinal Loads during Post-Operative Physiotherapeutic Exercises (2014)

After spinal surgery, physiotherapeutic exercises are performed to achieve a rapid return to normal life. One important aim of treatment is to regain muscle strength, but it is known that muscle forces increase the spinal loads to potentially hazardous levels. It has not yet been clarified which exercises cause high spinal forces and thus endanger the surgical outcome. The loads on vertebral body replacements were measured in 5 patients during eleven physiotherapeutic exercises, performed in the supine, prone, or lateral position or on all fours (kneeling on the hands and knees). Low resultant forces on the vertebral body replacement were measured for the following exercises: lifting one straight leg in the supine position, abduction of the leg in the lateral position, outstretching one leg in the all-fours position, and hollowing the back in the all-fours position. From the biomechanical point of view, these exercises can be performed shortly after surgery. Implant forces similar or even greater than those for walking were measured during: lifting both legs, lifting the pelvis in the supine position, outstretching one arm with or without simultaneously outstretching the contralateral leg in the all-fours position, and arching the back in the all-fours position. These exercises should not be performed shortly after spine surgery.
Thread Arcs: an email thread visualization (2004)

This paper describes Thread Arcs, a novel interactive visualization technique designed to help people use threads found in email. Thread Arcs combine the chronology of messages with the branching tree structure of a conversational thread in a mixed-model visualization by Venolia and Neustaedter (2003) that is stable and compact. By quickly scanning and interacting with Thread Arcs, people can see various attributes of conversations and find relevant messages in them easily. We tested this technique against other visualization techniques with users' own email in a functional prototype email client. Thread Arcs proved an excellent match for the types of threads found in users' email for the qualities users wanted in small-scale visualizations.
Coupon Collecting for Unequal Probabilities (1954)

(1954). Coupon Collecting for Unequal Probabilities. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 306-311.
Properties of chemical-vapor-deposited silicon carbide for optics applications in severe environments (1991)

Important data on chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) SiC concerning the elastic modulus, polishability, scattering measurement, thermal and cryogenic stability, and degradation owing to the effects of atomic oxygen and electron beams have been obtained with the aim of assessing the suitability of SiC as an optical substrate for severe environments. These measurements show that CVD SiC substrates exhibit excellent polishability (<0.1 nm rms) with low scatter, good retention of mechanical properties up to 1500 degrees C, superior thermal and cryogenic stability (-190 degrees to 1350 degrees C) and high resistance to atomic-oxygen and electron-beam degradation. These results suggest that CVD SiC optical substrates will perform extremely well in severe environments such as outer space, and when used in lasers, combustion, and synchrotron x rays.
Automatic object model acquisition and object recognition by integrating linguistic and visual information (2007)

In order to make the best use of multimedia contents effectively, the crucial point is the structural analysis of the contents, in which several media processing techniques, including image, audio and text analyses, should be integrated. To understand utterances in videos in accordance with the scene, it is essential to recognize what object appears in the videos. In this paper, we focus on Japanese cooking TV videos, and propose a method for acquiring object models of foods in an unsupervised manner and performing object recognition based on the acquired object models. First, a topic of each video segment is identified based on HMMs to obtain good examples for the object model acquisition. After that, close-up images are extracted from image sequences, and an attention region on the close-up image is determined. Then, an important word is extracted as a keyword from utterances around the close-up image, and is made correspond to the close-up image. By collecting a set of close-up image and keyword from a large amount of videos, object models are acquired. After acquiring the object models, object recognition is performed based on the acquired object models and linguistic information. We conducted experiments on two kinds of cooking TV programs. We acquired the object models of around 100 foods with an accuracy 77.8%. The F measure of object recognition was 0.727.
3‐Oxo‐1,2‐benzoisothiazoline‐2‐acetic acid 1,1‐dioxide derivatives. II. Reaction of amides with alkoxides (1983)

Abstract Reaction of some 3‐oxo‐1,2‐benzoisothiazoline‐2‐acetamide 1,1‐dioxides ( 1a‐f ) with alkaline alkoxides was carried out under various conditions. Under mild conditions, 1a‐f with sodium methoxide gave o‐( N ‐carbox‐amidomethylsulfamyl)benzoic acid methyl esters ( 2a‐f, R = CH3 ). Compounds 1a or 2a reacted with sodium alkoxides under drastic conditions affording only ester 5 . Under the same conditions, 1b‐d or 2b‐d gave 4‐hydroxy‐2 H ‐1,2‐benzothiazine‐3‐carboxamide 1,1‐dioxides ( 3b‐d ), while 1e‐f or 2e‐f afforded the acid 6 in variable amounts, together with the expected benzothiazines 3e‐f . Isolation of ethyl ether as another product in the reaction of 1e‐f with sodium ethoxide supports the suggestion that the formation of 6 involves the O‐alkyl fission on the alkyl carbon of the esters 2e‐f . An explanation of these results may be related to the acidic character of the amide hydrogen in compounds 2e‐f .
Automatic Anomaly Detection in the Cloud Via Statistical Learning (2017)

Performance and high availability have become increasingly important drivers, amongst other drivers, for user retention in the context of web services such as social networks, and web search. Exogenic and/or endogenic factors often give rise to anomalies, making it very challenging to maintain high availability, while also delivering high performance. Given that service-oriented architectures (SOA) typically have a large number of services, with each service having a large set of metrics, automatic detection of anomalies is non-trivial. Although there exists a large body of prior research in anomaly detection, existing techniques are not applicable in the context of social network data, owing to the inherent seasonal and trend components in the time series data. To this end, we developed two novel statistical techniques for automatically detecting anomalies in cloud infrastructure data. Specifically, the techniques employ statistical learning to detect anomalies in both application, and system metrics. Seasonal decomposition is employed to filter the trend and seasonal components of the time series, followed by the use of robust statistical metrics -- median and median absolute deviation (MAD) -- to accurately detect anomalies, even in the presence of seasonal spikes. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed techniques from three different perspectives, viz., capacity planning, user behavior, and supervised learning. In particular, we used production data for evaluation, and we report Precision, Recall, and F-measure in each case.
New biodegradable polymers from renewable sources: Polyester‐carbonates based on 1,3‐propylene‐<i>co</i>‐1,4‐cyclohexanedimethylene succinate (2001)

Abstract α,ω‐Dihydroxy‐terminated copolymeric oligomers of a 1,3‐propylene/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethylene succinate structure were obtained by the thermal polycondensation of 1,3‐propanediol/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol/succinic acid mixtures. They were subsequently chain‐extended via phosgene synthesis to high molecular weight aliphatic/alicyclic copolyester‐carbonates. These new polymers, besides having a biodegradable backbone, originate from two monomers, namely, 1,3‐propanediol and succinic acid, which can be obtained by renewable sources. Therefore, they have a potential as environmentally friendly materials. All synthesized materials were characterized in reference to their molecular structure by 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. Their molecular weights and molecular weight distributions were determined by size exclusion chromatography, and their main thermal properties were measured by DSC. Spectroscopic characterizations were in full agreement with the proposed structures. 1,4‐Cyclohexanedimethanol was used as a diol comonomer to improve the overall thermal properties of poly(1,3‐propylene succinate). The results of the characterization performed show that the initial expectations were only partially satisfied. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2508–2519, 2001
Web-Scale Bayesian Click-Through rate Prediction for Sponsored Search Advertising in Microsoft's Bing Search Engine (2010)

We describe a new Bayesian click-through rate\n(CTR) prediction algorithm used for Sponsored\nSearch in Microsoft's Bing search engine. The\nalgorithm is based on a probit regression model\nthat maps discrete or real-valued input features to\nprobabilities. It maintains Gaussian beliefs over\nweights of the model and performs Gaussian\nonline updates derived from approximate\nmessage passing. Scalability of the algorithm is\nensured through a principled weight pruning\nprocedure and an approximate parallel\nimplementation. We discuss the challenges\narising from evaluating and tuning the predictor\nas part of the complex system of sponsored\nsearch where the predictions made by the\nalgorithm decide about future training sample\ncomposition. Finally, we show experimental\nresults from the production system and compare\nto a calibrated Naïve Bayes algorithm.
Rapid Determination of the Monosaccharide Composition and Contents in Tea Polysaccharides from Yingshuang Green Tea by Pre-Column Derivatization HPLC (2016)

A pre-column derivatization high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and optimized to characterize and quantify the monosaccharides present in tea polysaccharides (TPS) isolated from Yingshuang green tea. TPS sample was hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid, subjected to pre-column derivatization using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and separated on an Agilent TC-C 18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μ m) with UV detection at 250 nm. A mixture of ten PMP derivatives of standard monosaccharides (mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and fucose) could be baseline separated within 20 min. Moreover, quantitative analysis of the component monosaccharides in Yingshuang green tea TPS was achieved, indicating the TPS consisted of mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose in the molar contents of 0.72, 0.78, 0.89, 0.13, 0.15, 0.36, 0.39, 0.36, 0.36, and 0.38 μ M, respectively. Recovery efficiency for component monosaccharides from TPS ranged from 93.6 to 102.4% with RSD values lower than 2.5%. In conclusion, pre-column derivatization HPLC provides a rapid, reproducible, accurate, and quantitative method for analysis of the monosaccharide composition and contents in TPS, which may help to further explore the relationship between TPS monosaccharides isolated from different tea varieties and their biological activity.
Transplantation of myoblast sheets that secrete the novel peptide SVVYGLR improves cardiac function in failing hearts (2013)

The SV-secreting myoblast sheets facilitate a long-term improvement in cardiac function. The SV can induce differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts via TGF-β-Smad signalling. This peptide could possibly be used as a bridge to heart transplantation or as an ideal peptide drug for cardiac regeneration therapy.
Spontaneous and protein-mediated intermembrane transfer of the antiretroviral liponucleotide 3'-deoxythymidine diphosphate diglyceride (1992)

Phospholipid conjugates of antiretroviral nucleosides show activity against the human immunodeficiency virus in vitro [Hostetler, K. Y., Stuhmiller, L. M., Lenting, H. B. M., Van den Bosch, H., & Richman, D. D. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 6112-6117]. In order to gain insight into the membrane association and the spontaneous and protein-mediated intermembrane transfer of these compounds, we have synthesized the fluorescent analog 3'-deoxythymidine diphosphate 1-myristoyl-2-(10-pyren-1-yl-decanoyl)glycerol. The compound readily incorporated into ethanol-injection vesicles, but the stability of the fluorescent probe (10% of total lipid) in the lipid bilayer was less than that of 1-myristoyl-2-(10-pyren-1-yldecanoyl)phosphatidylcholine. Using a donor-acceptor vesicle assay system, half-times for spontaneous transfer at 25 and 37 degrees C were 20 and 100 min, respectively. The liponucleotide was rapidly transferred between membranes by the nonspecific lipid-transfer protein at a rate at least 10-fold that of the corresponding phosphatidylcholine. Depletion of the liponucleotide from the outer monolayer of vesicles by a large excess of nonspecific lipid-transfer protein indicated a transbilayer distribution similar to the mass distribution of phospholipids. Essentially no flip-flop of the inner monolayer liponucleotide was observed.
A new visual-verbal saccade test: the development eye movement test (DEM). (1990)

The use of presently available clinical oculomotor tests of a visual-verbal format are limited because they do not evaluate automaticity of number naming. There is a significant relationship between automaticity of number naming and reading performance. Presented is a new oculomotor test that has a specific method to factor out the consequences of automaticity on oculomotor performance. Normative data for children age 6-13 years is provided, in addition to reliability and validity information. Clinical utilization of this test for diagnosis and management in visually related learning problems is offered.
Transtracheal Catheter Technique for Pulmonary Rehabilitation (1985)

In over 100 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, continuous oxygen therapy has been provided for up to 4 years using Micro-Trach percutaneous transtracheal catheters less than 2.0 mm in diameter. Successful rehabilitation has been achieved. Advances in materials, insertion technique, and protocols have simplified patient management. Complications occasionally encountered are bleeding, infection, subcutaneous emphysema, increased mucus production, and catheter failure or displacement. Long-term delivery of supplemental oxygen directly into the tracheobronchial tree eliminates the oxygen loss through the oral and nasal orifices that occurs when a nasal cannula is used. This closed system permits maintenance of therapeutic arterial blood levels with improved efficiency, greater comfort, and increased activity. The elimination of nasal irritation and cosmetic objections caused by nasal cannulas increases patient compliance, resulting in uninterrupted 24-hour-a-day oxygen use as indicated. The technique of inserting a transtracheal catheter and postinsertion management are discussed in detail.
Laser-Induced Fluorescence: A Powerful Tool for the Study of Flame Chemistry (1980)

The recent availability of tunable dye lasers has markedly enhanced our ability to inquire into the chemistry and physics of combustion systems. The high sensitivity, spectral and spatial resolution, and non-perturbing nature of laser induced fluorescence makes this technique well suited to the study of trace chemistry in complex combustion media. A barrier to the quantitative application of fluorescence to species analysis in flames has been the need to take into account or bypass the effects of quenching. The use of saturated fluorescence eliminates quenching as a problem and has the further advantage that fluorescence intensity is insensitive to variations in laser power (1,2). However, the generation of high concentrations of excited states under saturated excitation in an active flame environment opens up the possibilities for laser induced chemistry effects that also must be taken into account or avoided (3,4,5). In the following we present an application of laser induced
Functional avidity directs T-cell fate in autoreactive CD4+ T cells (2005)

Major histocompatibility complex class II tetramer staining and activation analysis identified 2 distinct types of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood of humans with type 1 (autoimmune) diabetes. T cells with low-avidity recognition of peptide-MHC ligands had low sensitivity to activation and inefficient activation-induced apoptosis. In contrast, high-avidity T cells were highly sensitive to antigen-induced cell death through apoptotic mechanisms, and both apoptosis-resistant high- and low-avidity T cells that survived prolonged tetramer treatment were rendered anergic to restimulation by antigen. In addition, however, apoptosis-resistant high-avidity T cells acquired regulatory features, being able to suppress both antigen-specific and nonspecific CD4+ T-cell responses. This suppression was contact-dependent and correlated with the down-regulation of HLA class II and costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells, including B cells and dendritic cells. T cells face a variety of fates following antigen exposure, including the paradoxic maintenance of high-avidity autoreactive T cells in the peripheral circulation, perhaps due to this capability of acquiring anergic and suppressive properties. Regulation via down-modulation of antigen-presenting cell function, a form of cell-to-cell licensing for suppression, also offers possibilities for the application of peptide-MHC therapeutics.
I3DC: Interactive Three-Dimensional Cubes (2009)

We present the I3DC system prototype, which constructs the cube for tens of millions of data items within milliseconds, and provides high-quality cube visualization as well as highly-interactive OLAP operations. Our approach is based on a novel blending-as-aggregation (BAA) algorithm that maps distributive OLAP aggregations to the intrinsic rendering mechanisms of the GPU. Our system runs entirely on the GPU and requires no precomputations.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (2002)

Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) is a powerful tool for analyze protein structure and function, protein folding, and enzyme mechanism (). Several protocols for SDM by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are published (, , , , , , ). Here, two protocols, which turned out to be robust and efficient in the authors’ hands, are described in detail. Both methods comprise two steps: In the first step the desired mutation is introduced by a PCR primer used to amplify one part of the target gene. In a second step, this PCR product is then used as a megaprimer to amplify the full gene containing the mutation. Both methods deviate in how the mutated gene is introduced back into its cloning vector: In method 1, the whole vector plasmid is amplified in a PCR reaction, method 2 relies on restriction enzyme cleavage of the gene and vector, followed by ligation. In both methods, together with the mutation, a restriction enzyme marker site is introduced into the target gene by silent mutations, to allow fast and convenient screening for the presence of the mutation (,,). Because random mutagenesis and directed evolution are being widely used for protein engineering (), a method for random mutagenesis by PCR is described, using spiked oligonucleotides, which contain a mixture of all four nucleotides, to a certain degree (). This technique allows randomization of a small part of a gene, at a level that can be chosen at will, and is a convenient alternative to cassette mutagenesis methods described previously (,). The protocol described here allows the construction of large mutant libraries (104-105 clones). Because wild-type (WT) alleles are efficiently excluded from transformants, screening for the presence of the mutational primer is not necessary.
Sexual desire disorders. (2008)

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and sexual aversion disorder (SAD) are an under-diagnosed group of disorders that affect men and women. Despite their prevalence, these two disorders are often not addressed by healthcare providers and patients due their private and awkward nature. As physicians, we need to move beyond our own unease in order to adequately address our patients' sexual problems and implement appropriate treatment. Using the Sexual Response Cycle as the model of the physiological changes of humans during sexual stimulation and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition this article will review the current literature on the desire disorders focusing on prevalence, etiology, and treatment.
The predictive value of p53, p53R2, and p21 for the effect of chemoradiation therapy on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2005)

The p53 family regulates cell-cycle arrest, triggers apoptosis or is involved in repair of DNA damage. In the present study, we analysed the expression of some p53 family proteins and their responses to chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in cases of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We immunohistochemically investigated the relationship between p53, p53R2, and p21 expression in biopsy specimens of untreated primary tumours and their clinical and histological responses to CRT in 62 patients with ESCC. Chemoradiation therapy consisted of 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin and 40 Gy of radiation. The rates of clinical and histological responses (complete or partial) to CRT were 71.0% (clinical) and 52.8% (histological). The rate of positive expression was 43.5% for p53, 37.1% for p53R2, and 54.8% for p21 expression. Statistically significant correlations were found between p53 or p53R2 expression and favourable response to CRT (P=0.0001 or 0.041 clinical, P=0.016 or 0.0018 histological, respectively). Furthermore, in p53-negative tumours, CRT was more effective in tumours with p53R2 negative expression than those with p53R2 positive expression (P=0.0014). We demonstrated that the negative expression of p53 and p53R2 expression was closely related to the effect of CRT and should predict the CRT outcome in patients with ESCC.
Application of Speciated Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry To Evaluate Extraction Methods for Determining Mercury Speciation in Soils and Sediments (2004)

Extraction techniques commonly used to extract methylmercury or mercury species from various matrixes have been evaluated regarding their potential to transform inorganic mercury to methylmercury, or vice versa, during sample preparation steps by applying speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Two of the five tested methods were highly prone to form inorganic mercury from methylmercury. Some published methods converted methylmercury to inorganic mercury approximately 100% (including the spiked CH(3)(201)Hg(+)). In other methods, as much as 45% of methylmercury was converted to inorganic mercury during extraction. The methods evaluated included cold acid extraction and sonication. Other methods, such as the proposed EPA RCRA Draft Method 3200, microwave-assisted extraction, and another sonication-based methods induced very little or no methylmercury transformation to inorganic mercury. Among these three methods, the proposed Draft EPA Method 3200 was found to be the most efficient.