gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulatory T cells in spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2001)

Spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) develops in 100% of mice harboring a monoclonal myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific CD4+ alphabeta T-cell repertoire. Monoclonality of the alphabeta T-cell repertoire can be achieved by crossing MBP-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice with either RAG-/- mice or TCR alpha-/-/TCR beta-/- double knockout mice. Spontaneous EAE can be prevented by a single administration of purified CD4+ splenocytes or thymocytes obtained from wild-type syngeneic mice. The regulatory T cells (T-reg) that protect from spontaneous EAE need not express the CD25 marker, as effective protection can be attained with populations depleted of CD25+ T cells. Although the specificity of the regulatory T cells is important for their generation or regulatory function, T cells that protect from spontaneous EAE can have a diverse TCR alpha and beta chain composition. T-reg cells expand poorly in vivo, and appear to be long lived. Finally, precursors for T-reg are present in fetal liver as well as in the bone marrow of aging mice. We propose that protection of healthy individuals from autoimmune diseases involves several layers of regulation, which consist of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, CD4+CD25- T-reg cells, and anti-TCR T cells, with each layer potentially operating at different stages of T-helper cell-mediated immune responses.
AN APPROACH FOR TEXT SUMMARIZATION USING DEEP LEARNING ALGORITHM (2014)

Now days many research is going on for text summarization. Because of increasing information in the internet, these kind of research are gaining more and more attention among the researchers. Extractive text summarization generates a brief summary by extracting proper set of sentences from a document or multiple documents by deep learning. The whole concept is to reduce or minimize the important information present in the documents. The procedure is manipulated by Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) algorithm for better efficiency by removing redundant sentences. The restricted Boltzmann machine is a graphical model for binary random variables. It consist of three layers input, hidden and output layer. The input data uniformly distributed in the hidden layer for operation. The experimentation is carried out and the summary is generated for three different document set from different knowledge domain. The f-measure value is the identifier to the performance of the proposed text summarization method. The top responses of the three different knowledge domain in accordance with the f-measure are 0.85, 1.42 and 1.97 respectively for the three document set.
CTCF, a Conserved Nuclear Factor Required for Optimal Transcriptional Activity of the Chicken c- <i>myc</i> Gene, Is an 11-Zn-Finger Protein Differentially Expressed in Multiple Forms (1993)

A novel sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, CTCF, which interacts with the chicken c-myc gene promoter, has been identified and partially characterized (V. V. Lobanenkov, R. H. Nicolas, V. V. Adler, H. Paterson, E. M. Klenova, A. V. Polotskaja, and G. H. Goodwin, Oncogene 5:1743-1753, 1990). In order to test directly whether binding of CTCF to one specific DNA region of the c-myc promoter is important for chicken c-myc transcription, we have determined which nucleotides within this GC-rich region are responsible for recognition of overlapping sites by CTCF and Sp1-like proteins. Using missing-contact analysis of all four nucleotides in both DNA strands and homogeneous CTCF protein purified by sequence-specific chromatography, we have identified three sets of nucleotides which contact either CTCF or two Sp1-like proteins binding within the same DNA region. Specific mutations of 3 of 15 purines required for CTCF binding were designed to eliminate binding of CTCF without altering the binding of other proteins. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay of nuclear extracts showed that the mutant DNA sequence did not bind CTCF but did bind two Sp1-like proteins. When introduced into a 3.3-kbp-long 5'-flanking noncoding c-myc sequence fused to a reporter CAT gene, the same mutation of the CTCF binding site resulted in 10- and 3-fold reductions, respectively, of transcription in two different (erythroid and myeloid) stably transfected chicken cell lines. Isolation and analysis of the CTCF cDNA encoding an 82-kDa form of CTCF protein shows that DNA-binding domain of CTCF is composed of 11 Zn fingers: 10 are of C2H2 class, and 1 is of C2HC class. CTCF was found to be abundant and conserved in cells of vertebrate species. We detected six major nuclear forms of CTCF protein differentially expressed in different chicken cell lines and tissues. We conclude that isoforms of 11-Zn-finger factor CTCF which are present in chicken hematopoietic HD3 and BM2 cells can act as a positive regulator of the chicken c-myc gene transcription. Possible functions of other CTCF forms are discussed.
Comparative activities of the beta-lactamase inhibitors YTR 830, clavulanate, and sulbactam combined with ampicillin and broad-spectrum penicillins against defined beta-lactamase-producing aerobic gram-negative bacilli (1986)

The in vitro synergistic activities of the beta-lactamase inhibitors YTR 830, clavulanate, and sulbactam, combined with ampicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin, piperacillin, and apalcillin, were determined against 34 strains of members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Haemophilus influenzae with characterized plasmid or chromosomal beta-lactamases or both. Strains were tested against fixed concentrations of beta-lactamase inhibitors (8 micrograms/ml) combined with doubling dilutions of beta-lactams. Synergy was defined as a fourfold or greater decrease in the MIC of the beta-lactam. Against Enterobacteriaceae producing Richmond and Sykes class III and V plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases, synergy was obtained against most strains with YTR 830- and clavulanate-beta-lactam combinations, with sulbactam being less effective. Against Enterobacteriaceae producing class I chromosomal beta-lactamases, combinations containing YTR 830 or sulbactam were more synergistic than combinations containing clavulanate. Against strains producing class V PSE enzymes, all three inhibitors were synergistic with piperacillin and apalcillin against strains producing PSE-1, -3, and -4 enzymes, while the PSE-2-producing strain was resistant to all inhibitors. YTR 830-beta-lactam combinations were also synergistic against strains producing the novel beta-lactamases OHIO-1, TLE-1, AER-1, and ROB-1. Overall, YTR 830 with piperacillin or apalcillin was the most effective combination.
Inherent vulnerabilities of one-time passcode mechanisms (2002)

Traditional user identification and authentication mechanisms are no longer considered adequate protection due to the sophistication of hackers and hacker tools. One-time passcode mechanism are becoming commonly used. However, these mechanisms do have vulnerabilities that should be considered when evaluating a product. This paper covers two vulnerabilities, a passive attack used when a one-time passcode card is in two databases and an active attack of masquerading as a one-time passcode server to steal the information to be able to masquerade as a user.
N-acetylcysteine for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response in adults (2012)

Overall, this meta-analysis puts doubt on the safety and utility of intravenous N-acetylcysteine as an adjuvant therapy in SIRS and sepsis. At best, N-acetylcysteine is ineffective in reducing mortality and complications in this patient population. At worst, it can be harmful, especially when administered later than 24 hours after the onset of symptoms, by causing cardiovascular depression. Unless future RCTs provide evidence of treatment effect, clinicians should not routinely use intravenous N-acetylcysteine in SIRS or sepsis and academics should not promote its use.
In vivo harmonic generation biopsy of human skin (2009)

The ability to in vivo image deep tissues noninvasively with a high resolution is strongly required for optical virtual biopsy. Higher harmonic generation microscopy, combined with second- and third-harmonic generation microscopies, is applied to 17 Asian volunteers' forearm skin. After continuous observation for 30 min, no visible damage was found. Our study proves that harmonic generation biopsy (HGB) is able to satisfy the safety requirement and to provide high penetrability (approximately 300 microm) and submicron resolution all at the same time and is a promising tool for future virtual biopsy of skin diseases. In contrast to a previous study on fixed human skin specimens, a much improved penetrability and much reduced resolution-degradation versus depth are found in this in vivo examination.
RAVAGE: Post-silicon validation of mixed signal systems using genetic stimulus evolution and model tuning (2013)

With trends in mixed-signal systems-on-chip indicating increasingly extreme scaling of device dimensions and higher levels of integration, the tasks of both design and device validation is becoming increasingly complex. Post-silicon validation of mixed-signal/RF systems provides assurances of functionality of complex systems that cannot be asserted by even some of the most advanced simulators. We introduce RAVAGE (from “random;” “validation;” and “generation”), an algorithm for generating stimuli for post-silicon validation of mixed-signal systems. The approach of RAVAGE is new in that no assumption is made about any design anomaly present in the DDT; but rather, the stimulus is generated using the DUT itself with the objective of maximizing the effects of any behavioral differences between the DUT (hardware) and its behavioral model (software) as can be seen in the differences of their response to the same stimulus. Stochastic test generation is used since the exact nature of any behavioral anomaly in the DUT cannot be known a priori. Once a difference is observed, the model parameters are tuned using nonlinear optimization algorithms to remove the difference between its and the DUT's responses and the process (test generation→tuning) is repeated. If a residual error remains at the end of this process that is larger than a predetermined threshold, then it is concluded that the DUT contains unknown and possibly malicious behaviors that need further investigation. Experimental results on an RF system (hardware) are presented to prove feasibility of the proposed technique.
Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing with Index Modulation (2016)

Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is a promising non-orthogonal multicarrier transmission scheme which has recently received a great deal of attention towards future fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. It overcomes the limitations of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) while preserving most of the advantages of it. On the other hand, index modulation (IM) has the potential to provide a flexible system design with adjustable number of active subcarriers as well as significant bit error rate (BER) performance improvement for multicarrier systems. In this paper, we propose the combined application of GFDM and IM techniques. We present the GFDM-IM system model and evaluate its error performance by comparing to classical GFDM and OFDM-IM for Rayleigh multipath fading channels. It is shown via computer simulations that the GFDM-IM system achieves signicantly better error performance than classical GFDM due to the information bits carried in the spatial domain by the indices of active GFDM subcarriers.
Hypocalcemic-induced tetany that causes triceps and bilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures. (1994)

Traumatic ruptures of the triceps are very rare among tendon injuries. A unique case of hypocalcemic tetany that induced spontaneous triceps tendon avulsion with associated bilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures is reported. The current orthopaedic literature is reviewed, and a new application of an existing surgical treatment for repair of the major tendon ruptures is described.
Hole Quality: Why it Matters (2002)

Abstract Hole quality is generally related to the "smoothness" of the wellbore or, sometimes, to wellbore stability. This paper will demonstrate that wellbore spiraling is the primary contributor to poor hole quality and that almost every well contains some degree of spiraling unless specific actions are taken to prevent it. Hole spiraling was first studied by Lubinski et al. in the 1950's, and they described it as a "crooked hole." Although the symptoms have been well recognized in the industry, only recently has a solution been proposed and tried specifically to cure hole spiraling. To implement the concept, two new drilling systems (a steerable motor and a rotary steerable) have been developed. Field data indicate that generating a straighter, high-quality wellbore has improved almost every aspect of drilling. These improvements include lower vibration, better bit life, fewer tool failures, faster drilling, better hole cleaning, lower torque and drag, better logging tool response, and better casing and cement jobs. Several case studies will be discussed to demonstrate the positive economic impact of producing a high-quality wellbore.
Rapamycin for Treatment of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy in Renal Transplant Patients (2005)

Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) represents the main cause of renal allograft loss after 1 yr of transplantation. Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) use is associated with increased graft expression of profibrotic cytokines, whereas rapamycin inhibits fibroblast proliferation. The aim of this randomized, prospective, open-label, single-center study was to evaluate the histologic and clinical effect of rapamycin on biopsy-proven CAN. Eighty-four consecutive patients who had biopsy-proven CAN and received a transplant were randomized to receive either a 40% CNI reduction plus mycophenolate mofetil (group 1; 50 patients) or immediate CNI withdrawal and rapamycin introduction with a loading dose of 0.1 mg/kg per d and a maintaining dose aiming at through levels of 6 to 10 ng/ml (group 2; 34 patients). The follow-up period was 24 mo. At the end of follow-up, 25 patients (group 1, 10 patients; group 2, 15 patients) underwent a second biopsy. CAN lesions were graded according to Banff criteria. alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein expression was evaluated in all biopsies as a marker of fibroblast activation. Graft function and Banff grading were superimposable at randomization. Graft survival was significantly better in group 2 (P = 0.0376, chi2 = 4.323). CAN grading worsened significantly in group 1, whereas it remained stable in group 2. After 24 mo, all group 1 biopsies showed an increase of alpha-SMA expression at the interstitial and vascular levels (P < 0.001); on the contrary, alpha-SMA expression was dramatically reduced in group 2 biopsies (P = 0.005). This study demonstrates that rapamycin introduction/CNI withdrawal improves graft survival and reduces interstitial and vascular alpha-SMA expression, slowing down the progression of allograft injury in patients with CAN.
A New Class of Silatranes:  Structure and Dynamic NMR Behavior<sup>1</sup> (2000)

A new class of silatranes N[CH2(Me2C6H2)O]3SiR was prepared by the reaction of organosilanes with tris(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylbenzyl) amine (5) in the case of 1, 3, and 4, and by the reaction of Si(OMe)4 with the same amine (5) to give 2. This is the first series of silatranes containing all six-membered rings. Their structures were established by X-ray analysis and correlated with 29Si NMR data. VT 1H NMR spectra reflected fluxional behavior for the chiral molecules 1−3, whereas 4 was a rigid molecule. The activation energies for enantiomeric conversion of the clockwise and anticlockwise orientations of the propeller-like silatranes 1−3 were statistically the same at about 10 kcal/mol. A simultaneous pseudorotation of all three six-membered rings is suggested to cause the racemization process. The Si−N distances for 1−4 show a large dependence on the exocyclic substituent. Over an approximate electronegativity range of 2.3−3.0, the Si−N distance varies from 2.745(4) Å for 1 to 2.025(4) Å for 4. Thus, the influence of substituent effects on nitrogen−silicon donor−acceptor interactions can be readily studied in the absence of constraints imposed by the use of the smaller ring-containing silatranes.
Isolated Congenital Malabsorption of Folic Acid in a Male Infant: Insights Into Treatment and Mechanism of Defect (1999)

An instructive case of isolated congenital folate malabsorption provides insight into the understanding of this rare disease. Folate loading tests with both timed serum and cerebrospinal fluid folate determinations suggest that both of the two mechanisms involved in gastrointestinal folate absorption are defective in this condition.
Immunization Studies on Listeriosis in Mice (1957)

Summary Under the conditions of this experiment there was no passive protection of mice against Listeria monocytogenes from sheep and rabbit antilisteria serum. Active immunity was demonstrated in mice against two strains of Listeria monocytogenes. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (2006)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyses the formation of malonyl-CoA, an essential substrate for fatty acid synthesis in lipogenic tissues and a key regulatory molecule in muscle, brain and other tissues. ACC contributes importantly to the overall control of energy metabolism and has provided an important model to explore mechanisms of enzyme control and hormone action. Mammalian ACCs are multifunctional dimeric proteins (530–560 kDa) with the potential to further polymerize and engage in multiprotein complexes. The enzymatic properties of ACC are complex, especially considering the two active sites, essential catalytic biotin, the three-substrate reaction and effects of allosteric ligands. The expression of the two major isoforms and splice variants of mammalian ACC is tissue-specific and responsive to hormones and nutritional status. Key regulatory elements and cognate transcription factors are still being defined. ACC specific activity is also rapidly modulated, being increased in response to insulin and decreased following exposure of cells to catabolic hormones or environmental stress. The acute control of ACC activity is the product of integrated changes in substrate supply, allosteric ligands, the phosphorylation of multiple serine residues and interactions with other proteins. This review traces the path and implications of studies initiated with Dick Denton in Bristol in the late 1970s, through to current proteomic and other approaches that have been consistently challenging and immensely rewarding.
Reactions of N-Monoalkylhydroxylamines with Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfur Trioxide and Phthalic Anhydride<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of N-Monoalkylhydroxylamines with Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfur Trioxide and Phthalic Anhydride1August I. Ryer and G. B. L. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 12, 5675–5678Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01156a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01156a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modulation of retinal transducin and phosphodiesterase activities by synthetic peptides of the phosphodiesterase γ‐subunit (1987)

Synthetic peptides corresponding to various regions of the light-activated guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase (PDE) gamma-subunit (PDE gamma) from bovine retinal rod outer segments were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit PDE activity, and GTPase activity of transducin. One of these peptides, corresponding to PDE gamma residues 31-45, inhibited PDE activity and GTPase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The GTPase activity was inhibited by PDE gamma-3 non-competitively. This region of the PDE gamma subunit may be involved in the direct interaction of transducin and PDE alpha beta with PDE gamma.
The role of vitamin E in normal and damaged skin (1995)

The generation of free oxygen radicals is be- lieved to play an important pathogenic role in the devel- opment of various disorders. More than other tissues, the skin is exposed to numerous environmental chemical and physical agents such as ultraviolet light causing oxida- tive stress. In the skin this results in several short- and long-term adverse effects such as erythema, edema, skin thickening, wrinkling, and an increased incidence of skin cancer or precursor lesions. However, accelerated cuta- neous aging under the influence of ultraviolet light, usu- ally termed photoaging, is only one of the harmful ef- fects of continual oxygen radical production in the skin. Others include cutaneous inflammation, autoimmunolog- ical processes, keratinization disturbances, and vasculi- tis. Vitamin E is the major naturally occurring lipid-solu- ble non-enzymatic antioxidant protecting skin from the adverse effects of oxidative stress including photoaging. Its chemistry and its physiological function as a major antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent, in particular with respect to its photoprotective, antiphotoaging prop- erties, are described by summarizing animal studies, in vivo tests on human skin and biochemical in vitro inves- tigations. The possible therapeutic use in different cuta- neous disorders, and pharmacological and toxicological aspects are discussed. Many studies document that vita- min E occupies a central position as a highly efficient antioxidant, thereby providing possibilities to decrease the frequency and severity of pathological events in the skin. For this purpose increased efforts in developing ap- propriate systemic and local pharmacological prepara- tions of vitamin E are required.
Theme-weighted Ranking of Keywords from Text Documents using Phrase Embeddings (2018)

Keyword extraction is a fundamental task in naturallanguage processing that facilitates mapping of documents to a concise set of representative single and multi-word phrases. Keywords from text documents are primarily extracted using supervised and unsupervised approaches. In this paper, we present an unsupervised technique that uses a combination of theme-weighted personalized PageRank algorithm and neural phrase embeddings for extracting and ranking keywords. Wealso introduce an efficient way of processing text documents and training phrase embeddings using existing techniques. We share an evaluation dataset derived from an existing dataset that is used for choosing the underlying embedding model. The evaluations for ranked keyword extraction are performed on two benchmark datasets comprising of short abstracts (Inspec), and long scientific papers (SemEval 2010), and is shown to produce results better than the state-of-the-art systems.