gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The potential role of stem cell factor and its receptor c-kit in the mouse blastocyst implantation (1999)

Embryo implantation is a complex process that requires the interaction of embryo and endometrium. Several growth factors and cytokines appear to be involved in this process. Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-kit regulate the proliferation and survival of germ cells and play an important role in follicular development. However, little information is available on the role of SCF and c-kit in the process of blastocyst implantation. In the present study, we examined the expression of SCF and c-kit mRNA in mouse embryos and in the stromal and epithelial cells of the uterine endometrium by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). SCF mRNA was expressed in the spreading blastocysts and endometrial cells, with especially strong expression occurring in the stromal cells. Expression of c-kit mRNA was detected in the blastocysts and spreading blastocysts, as well as in the endometrial cells. By immunocytochemical studies, staining for c-kit protein was observed in the in-vitro spreading trophoblasts. We found that 50-100 ng/ml SCF significantly promoted the expansion of the surface area of the spreading blastocysts (P < 0.01). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that SCF derived from endometrial cells and the implanting embryo exerts paracrine and/or autocrine action on the process of implantation by stimulating trophoblast outgrowth through its receptor c-kit.
Synthesis of Polymerizable Anionic Surfactants and Their Emulsion Copolymerization with Styrene (2001)

Two polymerizable ionic surfactants sodium 4-(ω-acryloyloxyalkyl)oxy benzene sulfonate (SABS-n, n = 8 or 10) have been synthesized and polymerized. Their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were determined to be 9.40 × 10-3 M and 2.02 × 10-3 M at 25 °C for SABS-8 and SABS-10, respectively. The rate of micellar polymerization of SABS-8 or SABS-10 was found to be proportional to half an order of the concentration of ammonium persulfate (APS) and first order of the surfactant concentration. Their activation energies of micellar polymerization were relatively low, that is, 58.2 kJ mol-1 for SABS-8 and 45.4 kJ mol-1 for SABS-10. The monomer reactivity ratios for emulsion copolymerization of SABS-8 (M1) and styrene (M2) were determined to be r1 = 0.47 and r2 = 3.91. These emulsion copolymerizations produced small latex particles ranging from 16 to 30 nm in diameter. XPS analysis shows that SABS-8 was significantly enriched on the surface of latex particles, for example, 63.4% surface coverage on latex particles by 16 wt % SABS-8 in the feed composition. The surface coverage of about 20% polymerized surfactant on the surface of latex particles was found to be sufficient to stabilize latexes under heating at 70 °C for at least one month.
Model Integration with the Common Simulation Framework SIRIUS (2011)

This paper presents a new approach for model integration with the common simulation framework SIRIUS. SIRIUS is a software environment enabling multiple simulation models to execute and to interact using a variety of servi ces. It combines a driving and managing software architecture and a collection of tools to integrate and run simulation models coming from different technical domains together in a full or partly virtual computing environment. Simulation models, as well as the framework, may be distributed across different host computers.
GraphRel: Modeling Text as Relational Graphs for Joint Entity and Relation Extraction (2019)

In this paper, we present GraphRel, an end-to-end relation extraction model which uses graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to jointly learn named entities and relations. In contrast to previous baselines, we consider the interaction between named entities and relations via a relation-weighted GCN to better extract relations. Linear and dependency structures are both used to extract both sequential and regional features of the text, and a complete word graph is further utilized to extract implicit features among all word pairs of the text. With the graph-based approach, the prediction for overlapping relations is substantially improved over previous sequential approaches. We evaluate GraphRel on two public datasets: NYT and WebNLG. Results show that GraphRel maintains high precision while increasing recall substantially. Also, GraphRel outperforms previous work by 3.2% and 5.8% (F1 score), achieving a new state-of-the-art for relation extraction.
NEPHROTOXICITY FOLLOWING ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (1994)

Nephrotoxicity represents a serious side effect of immunosuppression following liver transplantation. In order to compare the nephrotoxic action of CsA and FK506 in a clinical setting, we evaluated the incidence of early and late nephrotoxicity in 121 patients, 60 of whom were randomly assigned to CsA- and 61 to FK506-based immunosuppression. Early postoperative renal insufficiency (between PODs 0 and 30; SCr 1.5-3 mg/dl) was observed to a similar extent in patients treated with CsA (38.3%) and FK506 (42.6%). Early postoperative acute renal failure (ARF) (SCr > 3 mg/dl) was observed in 18.0% of patients in the FK506 treatment group and 18.3% of patients receiving CsA therapy. Approximately half the patients with ARF required hemodialysis (CsA: 11.7%; and FK506: 8.2%). All patients with early postoperative ARF requiring hemodialysis survived for more than one year. New onset of late ARF (between PODs 30 and 365) was observed in 6.6% of patients receiving FK506 therapy and in 1.7% in the CsA treatment group as a result of severe infection with multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS). There was 100% mortality in patients with late ARF requiring hemodialysis. Etiology and prognosis of early and late ARF seem to be completely different. Early ARF was associated with severe coagulopathy and a rise in bilirubin and free hemoglobin, and was accompanied by impaired liver function. Mean onset of hemodialysis in CsA-treated patients was POD 1 and in FK506-treated patients POD 6, which disclosed a different time course of drug-specific nephrotoxicity of CsA and FK506 in early ARF. In contrast, late ARF occurred in both treatment groups only as a part of the MOFS in association with severe infections, an observation consistent with the assumption of overimmunosuppression rather than a primary nephrotoxic effect. Late renal insufficiency appeared in 23.3% of CsA- and in 29.4% of FK506-treated patients, and represented a slowly progressing form of drug-specific nephrotoxicity of CsA and FK506. These preliminary results demonstrate a similar outcome in terms of both early and late nephrotoxicity, but longer follow-up will delineate the overall efficacy and toxicity in humans.
Importance of Solubilizing Group and Backbone Planarity in Low Band Gap Polymers for High Performance Ambipolar field-effect Transistors (2012)

We investigated the performance of ambipolar field-effect transistors based on a series of alternating low band gap polymers of oligothiophene and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP). The polymers contain oligothiophene units of terthiophene [T3] and thiophene-thienothiophene-thiophene [T2TT] and DPP units carrying branched alkyl chains of 2-hexyldecyl [HD] or 2-octyldodecyl [OD]. The structural variation allows us to do a systematic study on the relationship between the interchain stacking/ordering of semiconducting polymers and their resulting device performance. On the basis of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements on polymer films, we found that longer branched alkyl side chains, i.e., OD, and longer and more planar oligothiophene, i.e., T2TT, generate the more crystalline structures. Upon thermal annealing, the crystallinity of the polymers was largely improved, and polymers containing a longer branched alkyl chain responded faster because longer alkyl chains have larger cohesive forces than shorter chains. For all the polymers, excellent ambipolar behavior was observed with a maximum hole and electron mobility of 2.2 and 0.2 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively.
The Efficacy of Early Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis with Benifuuki Green Tea Containing O-methylated Catechin before Pollen Exposure: An Open Randomized Study (2009)

We conclude that drinking 'benifuuki' tea for 1.5 months prior to the cedar pollen season is effective in reducing symptom scores for Japanese cedar pollinosis.
Feasibility of National Surveillance of Health-Care-Associated Infections in Home-Care Settings (2002)

This article examines the rationale and strategies for surveillance of health-care-associated infections in home-care settings, the challenges of nonhospital-based surveillance, and the feasibility of developing a national surveillance system.
An antenna fine pointing mechanism (1981)

SOFA, a device designed for the highly accurate 2 axis pointing of antenna or any feature installed on a spacecraft is described. The major characteristic of this system is complete freedom from friction and wear out, resulting in numerous advantages, such as outstanding precision, virtually endless service life, high simplicity, and reliability. The sizing method is described and performances are analyzed. The results from analogue simulations are presented. A functional model of the electrical and mechanical parts was built and subjected to on ground tests using a 2 axis platform simulating the spacecraft's motions. The results obtained are thoroughly in keeping with the predictions and simulations. Various possible applications of the SOFA system are mentioned.
Side Channel Leakage Analysis - Detection, Exploitation and Quantification (2015)

Nearly twenty years ago the discovery of side channel attacks has warned the world that security is more than just a mathematical problem. Serious considerations need to be placed on the implementation and its physical media. Nowadays the ever-growing ubiquitous computing calls for in-pace development of security solutions. Although the physical security has attracted increasing public attention, side channel security remains as a problem that is far from being completely solved. An important problem is how much expertise is required by a side channel adversary. The essential interest is to explore whether detailed knowledge about implementation and leakage model are indispensable for a successful side channel attack. If such knowledge is not a prerequisite, attacks can be mounted by even inexperienced adversaries. Hence the threat from physical observables may be underestimated. Another urgent problem is how to secure a cryptographic system in the exposure of unavoidable leakage. Although many countermeasures have been developed, their effectiveness pends empirical verification and the side channel security needs to be evaluated systematically. The research in this dissertation focuses on two topics, leakage-model independent side channel analysis and security evaluation, which are described from three perspectives: leakage detection, exploitation and quantification. To free side channel analysis from the complicated procedure of leakage modeling, an observation to observation comparison approach is proposed. Several attacks presented in this work follow this approach. They exhibit efficient leakage detection and exploitation under various leakage models and implementations. More importantly, this achievement no longer relies on or even requires precise leakage modeling. For the security evaluation, a weak maximum likelihood approach is proposed. It provides a quantification of the loss of full key security due to the presence of side channel leakage. A constructive algorithm is developed following this approach. The algorithm can be used by security lab to measure the leakage resilience. It can also be used by a side channel adversary to determine whether limited side channel information suffices the full key recovery at affordable expense.
Software product lines: organizational alternatives (2001)

Software product lines are enjoying increasingly wide adoption in the software industry. Most authors focus on the technical and process aspects, and assume an organizational model consisting of a domain engineering unit and several application engineering units. In our cooperation with several software development organizations applying software product-line principles, we have identified several other organizational models that are employed as well. In this article, we present a number of organizational alternatives, organized around four main models, viz. a development department, business units, domain engineering unit and hierarchical domain engineering units. For each model, its characteristics, applicability, advantages and disadvantages are discussed, as well as an example. Based on an analysis of these models, we present three factors that influence the choice of the organizational model, viz. product-line assets, responsibility levels and the type of organizational units.
Resilient Bioresorbable Copolymers Based on Trimethylene Carbonate, <scp>l</scp>-Lactide, and 1,5-Dioxepan-2-one (2006)

The new combinations of monomers presented in this work were evaluated in order to create an elastic material for potential application in soft tissue engineering. Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) with L-lactide (LLA) and 1,5-dioxepan-2-one (DXO) have been synthesized using a cyclic five-membered tin alkoxide initiator. The block copolymers were designed in such a way that poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) formed an amorphous middle block and the poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) formed semicrystalline terminal blocks. The amorphous middle block consisted of relatively randomly distributed TMC and DXO monomer units, and the defined block structure of the PLLA terminal segments was confirmed by 13C NMR. The properties of the TMC-DXO-LLA copolymers were compared with those of triblock copolymers based either on LLA-TMC or on LLA-DXO. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis data confirmed the micro-phase separation in the copolymers. The mechanical properties of the copolymers were evaluated using tensile testing and cycling loading. All of the copolymers synthesized showed a highly elastic behavior. The properties of copolymers could be tailored by altering the proportions of the different monomers.
Volatile Constituents of Fruits of HATOMUGI (1992)

Volatile oils were obtained by the steam distillation of fruits [A], roasted fruits [B] and Yokuinin (COICIS SEMEN) [C]. The oil yields were 0.05 % for [A], 0.05 % for [B] and 0.04 % for [C]. The components of the volatile oils were determined by IR, GC, and GC-MS.Sixty-eight, sixty-one and sixty-nine components from [A], [B] and [C] oils, respectively, were definitely or tentatively identified. [A], [B] and [C] oils possessed a green, savory and fatty acid note, respectively.The major common components of [A], [B], and [C] oils were carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids such as hexanal, vanillin, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid and palmitic acid. Characteristic volatile flavor components in [A] oil were hexanal, 1-pentanol, 2-decanone, 2-decanal, and in [B] were benzofuran, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl butyrate, dihydroactinidiolide, 1-tetradecanol, dihydrobenzofuran, vanillin, and in [C], hexanal, hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl butyrate, γ-nonalactone, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, ethyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, vanillin and ethyl linoleate.
[A comparison study on clinical chromatographic fingerprintings of mycolic acids analysis of 18 standard strains of Mycobacteria in China]. (2006)

The first clinical chromatographic fingerprinting of 18 standard strains of Mycobacteria in China was established in this laboratory. Mycobacteria can be accurately identified according to chromatographic fingerprinting in a short time. Moreover, there was significant difference between BCG vaccine and Mycobacterium bovis when their peak was compared, which may lead to research of new tools for identifying insidious infection of tuberculosis and for the study of the mechanism of drug tolerance.
Wideband High-Selectivity Diplexers Utilizing Digital Elliptic Filters (1967)

Design techniques and element value tables are presented for the construction of compact high-selectivity diplexers using digital elliptic component filters. A brief review of an applicable diplexer theory is given and the derivation and use of the element value tables are discussed. The tables provide values for component filters with an even number of branches n for n=4 through n=12 with a prototype ripple value corresponding to maximum diplexer input VSWR of approximately 1.26 to 1. For n=8, 10, and 12 branch filters, additional tables with permuted transmission zero orders are given. Test results for an n=6 branch experimental diplexer of 2.25 to 1 bandwidth are presented. The design and construction of this diplexer is described in detail and serves to illustrate the use of the element value tables and design procedures presented. Many practical construction and alignment suggestions are given which are useful in obtaining designs with good response characteristics. The experimental diplexer has crossover frequencies at 1.5 and 3.4 GHz and provides greater than a 50 dB isolation at frequencies 0.2 GHz from crossover. The diplexer has an input VSWR <or= to, 1.5 to 1 from dc to 6.0 GHz, and has package dimensions of approximately 2.0 by 2.0 by 0.75 inches.
Microfluidic chips for protein differential expression profiling (2009)

Biomarker discovery and screening using novel proteomic technologies is an area that is attracting increased attention in the biomedical community. Early detection of abnormal physiological conditions will be highly beneficial for diagnosing various diseases and increasing survivability rates. Clearly, progress in this area will depend on the development of fast, reliable, and highly sensitive and specific sample bioanalysis methods. Microfluidics has emerged as a technology that could become essential in proteomics research as it enables the integration of all sample preparation, separation, and detection steps, with the added benefit of enhanced sample throughput. The combination of these advantages with the sensitivity and capability of MS detection to deliver precise structural information makes microfluidics-MS a very competitive technology for biomarker discovery. The integration of LC microchip devices with MS detection, and specifically their applicability to biomarker screening applications in MCF-7 breast cancer cellular extracts is reported in this manuscript. Loading approximately 0.1-1 microg of crude protein extract tryptic digest on the chip has typically resulted in the reliable identification of approximately 40-100 proteins. The potential of an LC-ESI-MS chip for comparative proteomic analysis of isotopically labeled MCF-7 breast cancer cell extracts is explored for the first time.
Global burden of transmitted HIV drug resistance and HIV-exposure categories (2014)

TDR prevalence is stabilizing in high-income countries, but increasing in low/middle-income countries. This is likely due to the low, but increasing, coverage of antiretroviral therapy in these settings. Transmission of TDR is most prevalent among MSM worldwide.
Literature (2006)

Science and imaginative literature have made a dynamic pair of objects for study ever since they were sharply and categorically separated as activities of the mind and kinds of representations: To study them in tandem, at least for literary historians and critics, is to confront the embarrassing question, What is “literature”? – a question harder and harder to answer, and not to be answered here. The relations between science and literature (and early printed book production) have seemed especially interesting since about 1980, as scholars in historical fields have come more and more to poach on each other’s lands and goods. During the advent of cultural studies, especially in the work and thought of certain French historians and philosophers interested in science (e.g., Gaston Bachelard, Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, Michel Serres, and Michel de Certeau), the canons of literary history expanded as the study of “discourse” and “representation” relieved it of an older focus restricted to particular authors and genres.
Carbon Nanomaterials for Advanced Energy Conversion and Storage (2012)

It is estimated that the world will need to double its energy supply by 2050. Nanotechnology has opened up new frontiers in materials science and engineering to meet this challenge by creating new materials, particularly carbon nanomaterials, for efficient energy conversion and storage. Comparing to conventional energy materials, carbon nanomaterials possess unique size-/surface-dependent (e.g., morphological, electrical, optical, and mechanical) properties useful for enhancing the energy-conversion and storage performances. During the past 25 years or so, therefore, considerable efforts have been made to utilize the unique properties of carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, as energy materials, and tremendous progress has been achieved in developing high-performance energy conversion (e.g., solar cells and fuel cells) and storage (e.g., supercapacitors and batteries) devices. This article reviews progress in the research and development of carbon nanomaterials during the past twenty years or so for advanced energy conversion and storage, along with some discussions on challenges and perspectives in this exciting field.
Phosphorylation Signaling in APP Processing in Alzheimer’s Disease (2019)

The abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the central nervous system is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The regulation of the processing of the single- transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays an important role in the generation of Aβ in the brain. The phosphorylation of APP and key enzymes involved in the proteolytic processing of APP has been demonstrated to be critical for modulating the generation of Aβ by either altering the subcellular localization of APP or changing the enzymatic activities of the secretases responsible for APP processing. In addition, the phosphorylation may also have an impact on the physiological function of these proteins. In this review, we summarize the kinases and signaling pathways that may participate in regulating the phosphorylation of APP and secretases and how this further affects the function and processing of APP and Aβ pathology. We also discuss the potential of approaches that modulate these phosphorylation-signaling pathways or kinases as interventions for AD pathology.
Reactions with Cyclic Amidenes III: Synthesis of Some New Fused Pyrazole Derivatives (1979)

Abstract Diazotised 5-amino-3-hydroxy-4-phenylazopyrazole (1 a) and 3,5-diamino-4-phenylazo-pyrazole(1 b) coupled with active methylene reagents to yield the pyrazolo[1,5-c]-as-triazine derivatives (3a, b-5 a, b). On the other hand coupling of diazotised 1 a, with β-naphthal has afforded the acyclic azo derivative(6). Whereas diazotised 1 a underwent intramolecular cyclisation into the pyrazolo[1,5-c]-1,2,3,4-tetrazine derivative (3)on attemptet addition to acrylonitrile, diazotised 1 b reacted with acrylonitrile under the same conditions to yield the pyrazolo[1,5-c]-pyridazine derivative (4). Compounds 1 a, b reacted with benzoylisothiocyanate to yield the pyrazol-5-ylthiourea derivatives (10 a, b). Where as 10 a readily cyclised into the pyrazolo[3,4-c]-as-triazine derivative (11) on refluxing with pyridine, compound 10 b hydrolysed under the same conditions into the pyrazol-5-ylthiourea derivative (12).
Effects of hydrogen atoms on the network structure of hydrogenated amorphous and microcrystalline silicon thin films (1990)

By alternating the deposition of a several-angstrom-thick hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer and the exposure to a hydrogen plasma, the structure of the resultant hydrogenated silicon films is varied from device-grade amorphous to microcrystalline without any change in the film precursors. On the basis of experimental results, the effects of hydrogen atoms reaching the film-growing surface on the Si-Si network structure are discussed.