gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Dose Oral Dextromethorphan as an Adjunct to Patient-Controlled Analgesia with Morphine after Knee Surgery (2001)

Implications Although dextromethorphan is an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist in animals, this property may not be realizable in human postoperative pain states. Dextromethorphan is a weak N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that inhibits spinal cord sensitization in animal models of pain and also inhibits the development of cutaneous secondary hyperalgesia after tissue trauma. Perhaps coadministration of an NMDA antagonist with an opioid would lead to better pain relief, particularly with movement and an opioid-sparing effect. This has been shown for ketamine, but previous studies with dextromethorphan that have used small doses have shown only a modest reduction in morphine requirements with no or minimal changes in the postoperative pain experience. We sought to determine whether a large dose of this drug, just below the maximum tolerated dose, could potentiate morphine analgesia while simultaneously causing a significant improvement in the management of the postoperative pain experience. Sixty-six patients undergoing knee surgery were enrolled in the study. The study design was a prospective, randomized double-blinded comparison with placebo of 200 mg of dextromethorphan given eight hourly. Postoperative pain experiences were assessed by postoperative morphine usage. Visual analog and verbal rating scales were used to assess pain with movement as well as side effects. Dextromethorphan treatment led to a significant but modest reduction in morphine requirements (29.3%P < 0.05) but no reduction in postoperative pain levels. We conclude that increasing orally administered dextromethorphan to near maximum tolerated doses does not provide greater morphine sparing than 20–40 mg given 6–8 hourly as in previous studies. Furthermore we conclude that dextromethorphan does not improve pain scores in a manner expected of a drug with NMDA antagonist properties.
Approaching Highly Enantioselective Reductive Amination (2005)

A longstanding problem in enantioselective catalysis concerns the transformation of prochiral ketones into chiral amines. To date, this reaction is mainly associated with the hydrogenation of imines or enamine derivatives using late transition metal complexes based on chiral P-ligands. However, the one-pot reduction of a suitable intermediate arising from the reaction of the carbonyl compounds and amine would be much more favorable (direct reductive amination), since one step is saved. In this account, we report on the story of the development of chiral Rh-diphosphine catalysts, which can be used for this enantioselective transformation. For example, α-amino acids were prepared by this methodology in up to 98% ee. Before we achieved this goal, all possible products arising from the reaction between carbonyl component and starting amine, like imines, enamines and N,O-acetals, and serving therefore as potential substrates, were successfully subjected to hydrogenation. Apparently, in the direct reductive amination, different substrates may serve as precursors for chiral amine products ­depending on the starting material and reaction conditions. This matter complicates the rational design of catalysts. Therefore, the use of high-throughput methods for identification of efficient ­catalysts is recommended.
Bilateral matched impedance teleoperation with application to excavator control (1999)

A bilateral teleoperation controller is presented in the article. The master and slave manipulators are controlled in impedance mode, with their target impedances adjusted in a dual manner to match high or low impedance environments. The adjustment rules presented use the relative sizes of forces and velocities to simply interpolate between low and high impedance controllers. The method was justified by the success of dual-hybrid teleoperation and is demonstrated to work using a simulator driven by a maglev force-feedback joystick. Experimental results using the same maglev force-feedback joystick to control an excavator are also presented, demonstrating through a typical leveling task that this method can work well in practice. The ratio of forces to velocities for deciding the master and slave impedances seems to be an effective method for dealing with extreme environment conditions, namely, free motion or hard constraint.
Characterization of human coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque fluorescence emission. (1990)

Preliminary trials using fluorescence guidance of laser ablation in femoral arteries have been successful. There have, however, been few studies of the characteristics of fluorescence emissions from coronary arteries. A large series of fluorescence emission spectra from human coronary artery specimens was examined. Analysis included: fluorescence emission during excitation with ultraviolet and visible light; histologic correlations between plaque content and thickness, averaged spectra and fluorescence intensity ratios; and differences in specific plaque morphology with excitation of the same coronary specimens at 325 or 458 nm. Ratios of fluorescence emission intensity at selected wavelengths were calculated for both 325 and 458 nm excitation (13 wavelengths, 78 ratios for 325 nm; 11 wavelengths, 55 ratios for 458 nm). The following were found: atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary arteries were characterized by an increase in normalized fluorescence intensity at longer wavelengths when excited with either ultraviolet or visible light; calcific plaque content greater than 10% in lesions more than 1 mm thick was identified by increased normalized fluorescence intensity at 443 nm during excitation at 325 nm; and fatty plaque content correlated with fluorescence intensity ratios during 325 nm excitation, whereas fibrous and calcific content correlated well with fluorescence ratios during 458 nm excitation. It is concluded that characteristic fluorescence emission has the potential to correctly identify and characterize plaque morphology in human coronary arteries.
Sir Wyndham Rowland Dunstan (1950)

Abstract Sir Wyndham Rowland Dunstan, K.C.M.G., F.R.S., died on 20 April 1949, at the ripe age of eighty-seven, after twenty-five years of retirement from active work.
Particle contamination on a silicon substrate in a SF6/Ar plasma (1992)

Particle contamination on silicon wafers exposed to a SF6/Ar plasma is examined as a function of five critical plasma parameters using response surface methodology. Plasma parameters explored are 13.56 MHz rf power, pressure, process gas flow rate, 100 KHz wafer electrode power, and etch time. The experiment is conducted in a Tegal MCR-1 single wafer reactor operated in the triode mode. Particle count is found to increase linearly as a function of 13.56 MHz rf power, 100 KHz power, and etch time. Also, the particle count has a quadratic dependence as a function of process gas flow rate. Surprisingly, in the pressure range explored, particle deposition on the wafers is found to be independent of pressure. Auger and EDX chemical analysis of the particles reveals the presence of silicon, fluorine, oxygen, sulfur, and aluminum.
Haemoperfusion over Ion Exchange Resins and Polymeric Adsorbents (1978)

A review of the development and application of haemoperfusion over ion exchange resins and polymeric adsorbents is presented. Aspects of biocompatibility and ion balance are discussed.
Revisiting the risks of MRI with Gadolinium based contrast agents—review of literature and guidelines (2015)

• Low risk gadolinium based contrast agents should be the choice in renal insufficiency. • Higher doses have been linked to NSF development. Doses should be as low as possible. • Clear documentation of date, dose and type of formulation used should be noted. • Post-scan dialysis should be arranged as soon as possible and feasible. • Pre- existing inflammatory state is a risk factor; liver insufficiency is not a contraindication.
Antibodies reactive with human immunodeficiency virus gag-coded antigens (gag reactive only) are a major cause of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactivity in a blood donor population (1988)

Normal blood donors were examined for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-reactive antibodies with both virus- and Escherichia coli-expressed env- and gag-coded antigens. The frequency of samples from normal (low-risk) donors that were repeatedly reactive with an HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay blood screening test (Du Pont Co.) was 0.6%. Two classes of HIV serological reactivity were identified: a minor env-reactive class (0.03 to 0.06% of donors) and the predominant env-nonreactive gag-reactive class (gag reactive only [GRO]) (0.4 to 0.5% of donors). Assignment of env reactivity was made by a synthetic (recombinant) env enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus immunoblot. Most GRO sera reacted with p15/p17 bands on HIV immunoblot. Antibody specificity in GRO sera was confirmed by competition-binding studies with viral gag and E. coli-expressed p55gag. This study provides independent verification that gag-specific antibodies are present in many env-nonreactive sera. More serological and virological studies of individuals with this antibody pattern should be pursued to determine the origin of these gag-reactive antibodies.
Demystifying Wine Expertise: Olfactory Threshold, Perceptual Skill and Semantic Memory in Expert and Novice Wine Judges (2002)

We investigated recognition and identification of wine-relevant odours as a function of domain-specific expertise. Eleven wine experts and 11 wine novices participated in tasks measuring olfactory threshold, odour recognition, odour identification, and consistency of odour naming. Twenty-four wine-relevant odorants were sampled orthonasally by each participant in the semantic (identification; consistency of naming) and episodic (recognition) memory tasks. Results showed superior olfactory recognition by expert wine judges, despite their olfactory sensitivity and bias measures being similar to those of novices. Contrary to predictions based on reports of an association between odour memory and semantic processing, wine experts did not perform better than novices on the verbal memory tasks. Further, ability to recognize odours and ability to name odours were not positively correlated, although the novices' data showed a trend in this direction. The results imply that the source of superior odour recognition in wine experts was not enhanced semantic memory and linguistic capabilities for wine-relevant odours. One interpretation of the data is that wine experts were less susceptible than wine novices to verbal overshadowing. When forced to identify the odorants, experts' superior perceptual skills protected them from verbal interference, whereas novices' generated verbal representations of the odours were emphasized at the expense of the odorant itself. This has implications for training in wine-evaluation skills.
Metaplastic breast carcinomas exhibit EGFR, but not HER2, gene amplification and overexpression: immunohistochemical and chromogenic in situ hybridization analysis (2005)

Metaplastic breast carcinomas frequently overexpressed EGFR, which was associated with EGFR gene amplification in one-third of cases. Our findings suggest that some patients with metaplastic breast carcinomas might benefit from novel therapies targeting EGFR. Because most metaplastic breast carcinomas overexpress EGFR without gene amplification, further studies to evaluate EGFR activating mutations are warranted.
Pseudorabies virus-induced suppression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen expression (1991)

The ability of pseudorabies virus (PrV) to down-modulate expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens in murine and porcine cells was investigated. When quantified by flow cytometry, surface expression of class I Kk and Dk antigens on PrV-infected cells decreased by 60% or more. Down-modulation was associated with a decrease in total cellular class I antigens, indicating regulation at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. PrV did not suppress expression of transferrin receptor, suggesting a selective regulatory mechanism.
New insights into the role of zinc in the respiratory epithelium (2001)

Over the past 30 years, many researchers have demonstrated the critical role of zinc (Zn), a group IIb metal, in diverse physiological processes, such as growth and development, maintenance and priming of the immune system, and tissue repair. This review will discuss aspects of Zn physiology and its possible beneficial role in the respiratory epithelium. Here we have detailed the mechanisms by which Zn diversely acts as: (i) an anti-oxidant; (ii) an organelle stabilizer; (iii) an anti-apopototic agent; (iv) an important cofactor for DNA synthesis; (v) a vital component for wound healing; and (vi) an anti-inflammatory agent. This paper will also review studies from the authors' laboratory concerning the first attempts to map Zn in the respiratory epithelium and to elucidate its role in regulating caspase-3 activated apoptosis. We propose that Zn, being a major dietary anti-oxidant has a protective role for the airway epithelium against oxyradicals and other noxious agents. Zn may therefore have important implications for asthma and other inflammatory diseases where the physical barrier is vulnerable and compromised.
A token-passing data associated protocol for local computer networks (2003)

An access protocol for local-area computer networks based on the token-passing bus protocol (IEEE 802.4) is presented. The scheme provides a simple and robust operational procedure in addition to throughput-delay improvement. The protocol combines the data with the token to achieve improved efficiency. Operational robustness is provided via a set of well-defined rules for network formation, repair, and reconfiguration. In addition, the frequency of polling a node is configurable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimized BlaM‐transposon shuttle mutagenesis of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> allows the identification of novel genetic loci involved in bacterial virulence (1996)

Helicobacter pylori is an important etiologic agent of gastroduodenal disease in humans. In this report, we describe a general genetic approach for the identification of genes encoding exported proteins in H. pylori. The novel TnMax9 mini-blaM transposon was used for insertion mutagenesis of a H. pylori gene library established in Escherichia coli. A total of 192 E. coli clones expressing active beta-lactamase fusion proteins (BlaM+) were obtained, indicating that the corresponding target plasmids carry H. pylori genes encoding putative extracytoplasmic proteins. Natural transformation of H. pylori P1 or P12 using the 192 mutant plasmids resulted in 135 distinct H. pylori mutant strains (70%). Screening of the H. pylori collection of mutant strains allowed the identification of mutant strains impaired in motility, in natural transformation competence and in adherence to gastric epithelial cell lines. Motility mutants could be grouped into distinct classes: (i) mutant strains lacking the major flagellin subunit FlaA and intact flagella (class I); (ii) mutant strains with apparently normal flagella, but reduced motility (class II), and (iii) mutant strains with obviously normal flagella, but completely abolished motility (class III). Two independent mutations that exhibited defects in natural competence for genetic transformation mapped to different genetic loci. In addition, two independent mutant strains were isolated by their failure to bind to the human gastric carcinoma cell line KatoIII. Both mutant strains carried a transposon in the same gene, 0.8 kb apart, and showed decreased autoagglutination when compared to the wild-type strain.
Promoter organization and activity of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B genes (1992)

Monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO A and B) play important roles in the metabolism of biogenic and dietary amines and are encoded by two genes derived from a common ancestral gene. The promoter regions for human MAO A and B genes have been characterized using a series of 5' flanking sequences linked to a human growth hormone reporter gene. When these constructs were transfected into NIH3T3, SHSY-5Y, and COS7 cells, the maximal promoter activity for MAO A was found in a 0.14 kilobase (kb) PvuII/DraII fragment (A0.14) and in a 0.15 kb PstI/NaeI fragment (B0.15) for MAO B. Both fragments are GC-rich, contain potential Sp1 binding sites, and are in the region where the MAO A and B 5' flanking sequences share the highest identity (approximately 60%). However, the organization of the transcription elements is distinctly different between these two promoters. Fragment A0.14 consists of three Sp1 elements, all in reversed orientations, and lacks a TATA box. Two of the Sp1 sites are located within the downstream 90 base pair (bp) direct repeat, and the third is located at the 3' end of the upstream 90 bp direct repeat. Fragment B0.15 contains an Sp1-CACCC-Sp1-TATA structure; deletion of any of these elements reduced promoter activity. Additional Sp1 sites, CACCC elements, CCAAT boxes, and direct repeats (four 30 bp direct repeats in MAO A and two 29 bp direct repeats in MAO B) are found in farther-upstream sequences of both genes (1.27 kb for MAO A and mostly in 0.2 kb for MAO B). Inclusion of these sequences decreased promoter activity. The different promoter organization of MAO A and B genes provides the basis for their different tissue- and cell-specific expression.
Variable Frequency Microwave and Convection Furnace Curing of Polybenzoxazole Buffer Layer for GaAs HBT Technology (2007)

Photosensitive polybenzoxazole (PBO) film has been used in GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology for stress buffer and mechanical protection layer applications. However, this film needs to be cured at high temperatures for a long period of time in order to obtain its desired excellent material characteristics. High-temperature curing can result in degradation to the electrical characteristics and performance of the underlying GaAs devices due to limited thermal budget. In this paper, we have characterized the effects of curing the PBO film on GaAs HBT wafers using a conventional convection furnace and using a variable frequency microwave (VFM) furnace. The results show that a VFM cure can achieve similar excellent physical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical material characteristics at a lower curing temperature and in a much shorter time, as compared to convection furnace curing, therefore resulting in minimal GaAs device degradation. Based on these results, an optimum curing condition using the VFM method can be obtained that satisfies both stress buffer layer material and device requirements for GaAs HBT technology.
Fusing Local Patterns of Gabor Magnitude and Phase for Face Recognition (2010)

Gabor features have been known to be effective for face recognition. However, only a few approaches utilize phase feature and they usually perform worse than those using magnitude feature. To investigate the potential of Gabor phase and its fusion with magnitude for face recognition, in this paper, we first propose local Gabor XOR patterns (LGXP), which encodes the Gabor phase by using the local XOR pattern (LXP) operator. Then, we introduce block-based Fisher's linear discriminant (BFLD) to reduce the dimensionality of the proposed descriptor and at the same time enhance its discriminative power. Finally, by using BFLD, we fuse local patterns of Gabor magnitude and phase for face recognition. We evaluate our approach on FERET and FRGC 2.0 databases. In particular, we perform comparative experimental studies of different local Gabor patterns. We also make a detailed comparison of their combinations with BFLD, as well as the fusion of different descriptors by using BFLD. Extensive experimental results verify the effectiveness of our LGXP descriptor and also show that our fusion approach outperforms most of the state-of-the-art approaches.
A High Energy Efficient Reconfigurable Hybrid Neural Network Processor for Deep Learning Applications (2017)

Hybrid neural networks (hybrid-NNs) have been widely used and brought new challenges to NN processors. Thinker is an energy efficient reconfigurable hybrid-NN processor fabricated in 65-nm technology. To achieve high energy efficiency, three optimization techniques are proposed. First, each processing element (PE) supports bit-width adaptive computing to meet various bit-widths of neural layers, which raises computing throughput by 91% and improves energy efficiency by 1.93× on average. Second, PE array supports on-demand array partitioning and reconfiguration for processing different NNs in parallel, which results in 13.7% improvement of PE utilization and improves energy efficiency by 1.11×. Third, a fused data pattern-based multi-bank memory system is designed to exploit data reuse and guarantee parallel data access, which improves computing throughput and energy efficiency by 1.11× and 1.17×, respectively. Measurement results show that this processor achieves 5.09-TOPS/W energy efficiency at most.
Blood Ammonia Measurement Using a Simple Reflectometer (1984)

We have assessed a compact Blood Ammonia Checker System (Ammonia Checker) consisting of a reflectometer which measures the intensity of colour formed by blood ammonia on a bromocresol green indicator reagent plate. The results show good correlation (r = 0.95) with our routine chemical method and a regression line y = 0.835X - 1.468. The Ammonia Checker has good precision (CV less than 10%) at the critical blood ammonia concentration and accurately measures predetermined ammonia concentrations. Blood sampling is improved with a precision pipette. The Ammonia Checker is simple, convenient and reliable and is ideally suited for a laboratory required to perform an urgent blood ammonia measurement.
Mechanical changes in crab nerve fibers during action potentials. (1980)

A nerve impulse travelling along a crustacean nerve was found to be accompanied by a small, rapid movement of the nerve surface. The movement was 10-20 nm in amplitude and was concurrent with a rise in the "swelling pressure" of the order of 5 mg/cm2 for a nerve bundle. Initiation of an action potential at the site of cathodal polarization was preceded by a small, slow mechanical change in the nerve fiber. Anodal polarization produced a large mechanical change of the opposite sign. Tetrodotoxin and procaine suppressed rapid mechanical changes.
Pharmacogenetics of Capecitabine in Advanced Breast Cancer Patients (2006)

The present data suggest that 3RG3RG breast cancer patients are not good candidates for capecitabine therapy. In addition, attention should be paid to DPD deficiency in breast cancer patients receiving capecitabine. These preliminary data require further confirmation on a larger number of patients.
Direct Ex Vivo Analysis of Activated, Fas-sensitive Autoreactive T Cells in Human Autoimmune Disease (1997)

The frequency of clonally expanded and persistent T cells recognizing the immunodominant autoantigenic peptide of myelin basic protein (MBP)p85-99 was directly measured ex vivo in subjects with typical relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). T cells expressing mRNA transcripts encoding T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha and -beta chains found in T cell clones previously isolated from these subjects recognizing the MBPp85-99 epitope were examined. In contrast to frequencies of 1 in 10(5)-10(6) as measured by limiting dilution analysis, estimates of the T cell frequencies expressing MBPp85-99-associated TCR chain transcripts were as high as 1 in 300. These high frequencies were confirmed by performing PCR on single T cells isolated by flow cytometry. MBPp85-99 TCR transcripts were present in IL-2 receptor alpha-positive T cells which were induced to undergo Fas-mediated cell death upon antigen stimulation. These data demonstrate that at least a subpopulation of patients with MS can have a very high frequency of activated autoreactive T cells.