gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ABC Transporter HrtAB Confers Resistance to Hemin Toxicity and Is Regulated in a Hemin-Dependent Manner by the ChrAS Two-Component System in<i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> (2010)

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of the severe respiratory disease diphtheria, utilizes hemin and hemoglobin as iron sources for growth in iron-depleted environments. Because of the toxicity of high levels of hemin and iron, these compounds are often tightly regulated in bacterial systems. In this report, we identify and characterize the C. diphtheriae hrtAB genes, which encode a putative ABC type transporter involved in conferring resistance to the toxic effects of hemin. Deletion of the hrtAB genes in C. diphtheriae produced increased sensitivity to hemin, which was complemented by a plasmid harboring the cloned hrtAB locus. The HrtAB system was not involved in the uptake and use of hemin as an iron source. The hrtAB genes are located on the C. diphtheriae genome upstream from the chrSA operon, which encodes a previously characterized two-component signal transduction system that regulates gene expression in a heme-dependent manner. The hrtB promoter is activated by the ChrAS system in the presence of hemin or hemoglobin, and mutations in the chrSA genes abolish heme-activated expression from the hrtB promoter. It was also observed that transcription from the hrtB promoter is reduced in a dtxR deletion mutant, suggesting that DtxR is required for optimal expression of hrtAB. Previous studies proposed that the ChrS sensor kinase may be responsive to an environmental signal, such as hemin. We show that specific point mutations in the ChrS N-terminal transmembrane domain result in a reduced ability to activate the hrtB promoter in the presence of a heme source, suggesting that this putative sensor region is essential for the detection of a signal produced in response to hemin exposure. This study shows that the HrtAB system is required for protection from hemin toxicity and that expression of the hrtAB genes is regulated by the ChrAS two-component system. This study demonstrates a direct correlation between the detection of heme or a heme-associated signal by the N-terminal sensor domain of ChrS and the transcriptional activation of the hrtAB genes.
Agents for the Grid: A Comparison with Web Services (Part I: Transport Layer) (2003)

The notion of agent has of late become popular in the Grid community, as exemplified by several workshops on the use of agents in the Grid. What are agents for the Grid? What is the difference between agents and Web-services? These are questions that we address by describing a port of the SoFAR agent framework to Web services in the context of a bioinformatics Grid. In this first paper, we focus our discussion solely on issues at the transport layer. Through an agent communication language (ACL) and an abstract communication model, we have been able to define a generic API to communications, and are able to support multiple protocols, including the XML protocol, the transport mechanism of Web services. This approach facilitates the development of applications, makes our environment future-proof, and promotes the open-ness of our Grid architecture to third-party developers.
Augmentation of Mind-body Therapy and Role of Deep Slow Breathing (2009)

Mind-body therapies have been shown to be effective in clinical treatment of disorders such as high blood pressure and stress. Significant differences in the effectiveness of mindbody therapies have been shown and a common link among the therapies has yet to be defined. This article overviews the role of slow rhythmic breathing in physiological as well as therapeutic effects of mind-body therapies. Slow deep breathing practice has important implications as it may underlie the basic mechanism that synchronizes the brain with the autonomic response. This article reviews studies that include the effect of deep slow breathing with or without mind-body therapy exercises. In utero studies that monitor patterns of fetal breathing reveal sympathetic activation with irregular, shallow fast breathing movements compared to slow deep breathing. Recognition of respiratory mechanisms in mind-body therapies can lead to development of more effective relaxation exercises that may incorporate deep slow breathing in clinical applications.
Computations of Flow Structure and Heat Transfer in a Dimpled Channel at Low to Moderate Reynolds Number (2004)

Time-accurate calculations are used to investigate the three-dimensional flow structure and understand its influence on the heat transfer in a channel with concave indentations on one wall. A dimple depth to channel height ratio of 0.4 and dimple depth to imprint diameter ratio of 0.2 is used in the calculations. The Reynolds number (based on channel height) varies from Re = 280 in the laminar regime to Re = 2000 in the early turbulent regime. Fully developed flow and heat transfer conditions were assumed and a constant heat flux boundary condition was applied to the walls of the channel. In the laminar regime, the flow and heat transfer characteristics are dominated by the recirculation zones in the dimple with resulting augmentation ratios below unity. Flow transition is found to occur between Re = 1020 and 1130 after which both heat transfer and friction augmentation increase to values of 3.22 and 2.75, respectively, at Re = 2000. The presence of large scale vortical structures ejected from the dimple cavity dominate all aspects of the flow and heat transfer, not only on the dimpled surface but also on the smooth wall. In all cases the thermal efficiency using dimples was found to be significantly larger than other heat transfer augmentation techniques currently employed.
Dependence of Photoelectrochemical Properties on Geometry Factors of ZnO Nanostructured Networks (2017)

The recent surge of alternative clean energy with minimal environmental impact in a cost-effective way requires the exploration of new materials and/or structures as efficient electrodes for industry-level photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting into usable H 2 fuel. It is well-known that nanomaterials could outperform their bulk counterparts in many aspects because of increased interacting sites, shorter lateral diffusion distance and lower reflectivity. Assembling nano-building blocks into desirable structures is a more advanced intelligent tactic for realizing higher performance and better functionality by exploiting new hierarchy and scaling-up laws. To meet the challenges, hierarchical 3-D nanostructures integrating 1-D conduction trunks and secondary branches, e.g. dendritic nanowires (NWs)/nanofibers (NFs), are particularly desired in light of the greatly improved light-harvesting, the efficient charge separation and short hole diffusion length ( L D ) for which the refined secondary structures are responsible. In terms of methodology, a seeding method in solution phase still confronts some engineering obstacles notwithstanding it being regarded as a major avenue to fabricate heterogeneous nanostructures of semiconductors. To elevate the spatial occupancy of one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures and overcome the limitations of multistep seeding method currently widely used, a rational, facile and high-yielding procedure will be presented here for the fabrication of the interconnected three-dimensional “caterpillar-like” ZnO nanostructured networks (CZNs) for photoelectrochemical applications. Moreover, by fine-tuning the synthesis procedure and manipulating their growth process, the dependence of their photoelectrochemical properties on geometry factors of these unique CZNs consisting of branched ZnO nanowires onto ZnO nanofibers with tunable surface-to-volume ratio and roughness factor has been investigated. They offer mechanically and electrically robust interconnected networks with open micrometer-scale structures and short hole diffusion length. The preferential light-material interaction and charge separation to maximize the photo-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency were further studied. When used as photoanode, our CZNs not only favor sunlight harvesting with multireflection ability, but also suppress the recombination of photogenerated charge. Compared to the literature results, our CZN photoanodes with ZnO nanobranches of ~2.2 μm in length and ~25 nm in diameter exhibited the highest photocurrent density of 0.72 mA∙cm -2 at +1.2 V (versus Ag/AgCl) and conversion efficiency of 0.209% at +0.91 V (versus RHE) without being decorated with noble metal cocatalysts or nonmetallic/metallic dopants due to their favorable structural features. Overall, our procedure to obtain the desirable CZN provides great opportunities for facile and efficient fabrication of model photoelectrochemical anodes and would be applied to other materials for sustainable chemistry and engineering applications.
Biometric encryption (2007)

This article is a précis of a paper released by the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, Canada, Ann Cavoukian, and biometric scientist, Alex Stoianov. The paper considers biometric encryption and describes how the technique could achieve strong authentication, security and privacy
[Spectral analysis of transient species of quinoline degradation]. (2006)

Quinoline's degradation was studied by pulse radiolysis. It was found that hydrated electron, hydrogen radical, hydroxyl radical and SO4*- can react with quinoline. The absorption spectra of the transient species of quinoline were obtained, and related constants were determined, but it was found that the species of Br2*- and N3*- can't react with quinoline. The results give us some advices for studing the degradation of quinoline.
Scattering Estimation for Cone-Beam CT Using Local Measurement Based on Compressed Sensing (2018)

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) plays a critical role in both medical imaging and industrial nondestructive testing with high efficiency and precision. However, scattering poses a significant limitation to image quality. In order to get the complete scattering information when the object is scanned, a simple scattering correction method based on compressed sensing (CS) is proposed, which is based on the assumption that the object scattering (OS) is eliminated by the lead collimator. In the process, the additional scattering from shadow area is first estimated, and then the OS is obtained by using the information in the irradiated area (with the strips pattern) extracted from the primary projection (without the strips pattern). Then, the estimated scatterings are subtracted from each primary projection data to yield an estimate for CBCT reconstruction, and the scattering-corrected CBCT volume is reconstructed by using an alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm. Finally, experimental studies are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes which has reduced the scattering artifacts. For an aluminum sample, the average gradient (AG) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were increased by 60% and 80%; for titanium, the AG and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were increased by 60% and 20%; and for iron, the AG, CNR, and SNR were increased by 30%-50%. Moreover, this paper studies long-span information sensing by replacing the interpolation algorithm with CS theory; it can provide a certain theoretical guidance for the sparse data recovery and mining.
Gas Turbine Auxiliary Power Unit Noise and Its Attenuation (1967)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The advent of the on-board gas turbine auxiliary power unit in commercial aircraft created problems of excessive noise levels affecting both passengers and aircraft personnel. This paper analyzes those problems and outlines the advanced techniques being used to reduce gas turbine noises to an acceptable level. Being directed primarily at the gas turbine engineer, a brief explanation of pertinent acoustical terminology is presented to provide a basis for his understanding. Treatment of the major noise sources of a gas turbine and its installation are discussed and evaluated from the standpoint of maximum noise reduction.</div>
Artcriticism-writing, arthistory-writing, and artwriting (1996)

Part of a symposium on writing and the history of art. The writer examines the differences between two modes of writing about visual art: art-critical writing and art-historical writing. Highlighting the differences between historians and critics, he compares the Art Bulletin with the comparable art-critical journal Artforum.
Use of a single nonlinear Fabry–Perot étalon as optical logic gates (1984)

The all-optical operation of many logic elements (nor, etc.) on a single passive nonlinear Fabry–Perot etalon is discussed. An experiment using dye-filled etalons verifies the prediction and agrees with a computer simulation. This kind of Fabry–Perot gate should be capable of very high speed operation with minimum energy per cycle.
A platform for charging, accounting and billing in telecommunication networks and the internet (2009)

Current technological advancement in the field of telecommunication and the popularity of internet causes emergence of a new concept on convergence that enables the modification of existing telecommunication business models and moves to a path of innovative communication. This converged network requires the extension of the existing charging collection information mechanisms and billing system that must be functionally intelligent and flexible, and able to optimize operator and service provider revenues and provide a fair policy toward the end users. The research aim is to extend the existing systems to provide flexible and advanced charging according to pricing policy with customized billing.
Linearization of LED nonlinearity by predistortions (1978)

Light-emitting diode (LED) nonlinear differential gain (DG) and differential phase (DP) were measured, since they are important performance factors in video signal transmission. Typical, experimentally measured temperature dependence of DG and DP is also presented. A linearizing method for minimizing LED DG and DP distortions, using predistortion, is proposed and experimentally examined. With this technique, and with precise adjustment of the predistortion circuits, the DG of a typical LED was improved from 12.5 percent to less than 1 percent, and the DP from 2.8° to 1°. This corresponds to an improvement in second and third-order harmonic distortions of 19 dB and 21 dB, respectively. DG and DP were measured with respect to the 3.58-MHz color subcarrier frequency superimposed on the 15.75-kHz horizontal scanning sawtooth wave. The linearization stability with regard to temperature variation was lowered to be less than 1-percent DG and 1° DP in the temperature range from 15 to 45°C.
Las relaciones entre identidades y alteridades desde un modelo no subjetivista de las subjetividades sociales (2009)

"La actual tendencia generalizada a concebir la identidad y la alteridad como un binomio inseparable, articulado por relaciones necesarias de oposición, contribuye a simplificar y esquematizar las múltiples y complejas relaciones posibles entre ambos fenómenos. Tomando como punto de referencia casos puntuales de nuestras investigaciones, examinamos e ilustramos las diversas y variadas formas en que las identidades y las alteridades pueden vincularse en los fenómenos sociales concretos."
Preamble Design with ICI Cancellation for Channel Estimation in OFDM/OQAM System (2010)

In conventional preamble based channel estimation in OFDM/offset QAM (OFDM/OQAM) system, both the even index subcarriers and the odd index subcarriers are with identical value selected from {±1} respectively to avoid inter-carrier interference (ICI), if and only if channel frequency response in neighbor few subcarriers remain invariable. However, it requires larger coherent bandwidth. In this paper, we propose an effective preamble design with ICI cancellation for channel estimation in OFDM/OQAM system. With this structure, we only utilize even (or odd) index of subcarriers as reference signal to avoid ICI, and then the channel information of remaining subcarriers can be estimated by the interpolation approach. Based on the sampling theorem, the mean square error (MSE) performance of the proposed preamble design is analyzed, where channel estimation performance is same for all subcarriers. Simulation and analytical results demonstrate that the proposed preamble design with ICI cancellation method outperforms the conventional one in term of channel estimation accuracy in OFDM/OQAM system.
Cloning of regions required for contact hemolysis and entry into LLC-MK2 cells from Shigella sonnei form I plasmid: virF is a positive regulator gene for these phenotypes (1989)

Two distinct regions required for both contact hemolysis and entry into LLC-MK2 cells were cloned into Escherichia coli from the Shigella sonnei form I plasmid, pSS120. The first region was cloned into an E. coli HB101 strain containing noninvasive Tn1 insertion mutants of the form I plasmid, and expression of ipa (invasion plasmid antigen) gene products was restored. The plasmid carrying the first region was then transformed into E. coli lacking the form I plasmid, and additional DNA fragments from the form I plasmid were cloned into the same recipient on compatible vectors. Five of these double transformants were found to be positive for contact hemolysis activity. Restriction analysis of these five clones indicated that the previously reported ipa locus and the invA locus were present on the second plasmid region. Only the strains carrying both of these regions were active in contact hemolysis and cell invasion assays. Several proteins, including the a, b, c, and d proteins encoded by the ipa genes, were detected in the double transformants by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with serum of a monkey convalescing from shigellosis. A positive regulator was suggested to exist in the first region, since the amounts of most of these proteins were simultaneously increased in the presence of this region. Subcloning and nucleotide sequencing indicated that this positive regulator gene was virF. Product analysis of the virF gene with minicells showed that two peptides (30 and 21 kilodaltons) were synthesized and that at least the 30-kilodalton protein was essential for regulation of the ipa genes.
Accuracy vs. Resolution in Radio Tomography (2014)

Radio tomographic imaging (RTI) has recently been proposed for tracking object location via radio waves without requiring the objects to transmit or receive radio signals. The position is extracted by inferring which voxels are obstructing the various radio links in a dense wireless sensor network. This paper derives an analytic expression for the image accuracy (error per voxel) for each of 5 published RTI system models. The formulae show the effects of weight model choice, voxel size, number of sensors, and degree of regularization on the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). This enables analysis of the tradeoffs between these parameters in system design, particularly between image accuracy and image resolution. The theoretical results agree well with simulations, and the new theory is used to interpret an experimental scenario.
The Effect of Nb, Ti, Al on Precipitation and Strengthening Behavior of 718 Type Superalloys (2005)

Inconel 718 characterizes with unique mechanical properties and has wild application in different high temperature industries. However, the ceiling temperature for Alloy 718 is 650 because of the instability of main strengthening phase -Ni 3 (Nb,Ti,Al). At high temperatures the metastable changes for stable phase -Ni 3 Nb with large size and plate-like morphology. In result of that Alloy 718 looses structure stability and strengthening effect.
Decoy-state quantum key distribution for the heralded pair coherent state photon source with intensity fluctuations (2010)

This paper characterizes two important properties of the photon number distribution of the heralded pair coherent state (HPCS) photon source. The formula of secret key generation rates for the decoy-state quantum key distribution with intensity fluctuation source is proved to hold true for the HPCS photon source. By numerical simulations, we show that the three-intensity decoy-state protocols for the HPCS photon source is efficiently getting close to the ideal decoy-state method. Moreover, we find that the HPCS source is more robust against intensity fluctuation than the weak coherent photon (WCP) source, but less stable than the heralded single photon source (HSPS).
Programming Robots Via Learning By Showing in a Virtual Environment (1995)

We propose the so-called TeleSensorProgramming concept that uses sensory perception to achieve local autonomy in robotic manipulation. Sensor-based robot tasks are used to define elemental moves within a high level programming environment. This approach is applicable in both, the real robot&apos;s world and the simulated one, i.e. in a virtual environment. Beside the graphical off-line programming concept, the range of application lies especially in the field of teleoperation with large time delays. A shared autonomy concept is proposed that distributes intelligence between man and machine. The feasibility of graphically simulating the robot within its environment is extended by emulating different sensor functions like distance, force-torque and vision sensors to achieve a correct copy of the real system behaviour as far as possible. These simulation features are embedded in a task driven high level robot programming approach. This implicit programming paradigm is supported by a sophistica...
Clinical Trial Results with Linezolid, an Oxazolidinone, in the Treatment of Soft Tissue and Postoperative Gram-Positive Infections (2001)

In randomized, controlled trials, linezolid 600 mg twice daily (intravenously or orally) provided effective antimicrobial therapy for gram-positive soft tissue infections, including MRSA, and nosocomial pneumonia in which S. aureus was a causative pathogen.
<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>: human infections, factors contributing to pathogenesis and animal models (2012)

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a medically important pathogen because of the increasing number of infections produced by this organism over the preceding three decades and the global spread of strains with resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. In spite of its clinical relevance, until recently, there have been few studies addressing the factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this organism. The availability of complete genome sequences, molecular tools for manipulating the bacterial genome, and animal models of infection have begun to facilitate the identification of factors that play a role in A. baumannii persistence and infection. This review summarizes the characteristics of A. baumannii that contribute to its pathogenesis, with a focus on motility, adherence, biofilm formation, and iron acquisition. In addition, the virulence factors that have been identified to date, which include the outer membrane protein OmpA, phospholipases, membrane polysaccharide components, penicillin-binding proteins, and outer membrane vesicles, are discussed. Animal models systems that have been developed during the last 15 years for the study of A. baumannii infection are overviewed, and the recent use of these models to identify factors involved in virulence and pathogenesis is highlighted.