gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terahertz wave excitation from preexisting air plasma (2013)

Terahertz (THz) wave generation process in air plasma was studied using femtosecond laser pulse pairs. The effect of preexisting air plasma was investigated using two optical geometries: collinear and orthogonal pumping geometry. When the air plasma is excited in collinear geometry, the power of the generated THz wave shows asymmetric dependence on the relative delay of these pulses. The asymmetry depends on the relative intensities of these pump pulses, and it disappears when the pulses have equal intensities. In the orthogonal pumping geometry, the power of the THZ wave generated by the main pump pulse decreases in the presence of the preexisting plasma generated by the prepulse, and it recovers as the relative delay between the prepulse and main pulses becomes longer. Possible mechanisms of the results are discussed in terms of the dynamics of free electrons in the air plasma.
Map adaptation for users of mobile systems (2001)

Article Share on Map adaptation for users of mobile systems Authors: Dan Chalmers Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, U.K. Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, U.K.View Profile , Morris Sloman Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, U.K. Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, U.K.View Profile , Naranker Dulay Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, U.K. Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, U.K.View Profile Authors Info & Claims WWW '01: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide WebMay 2001 Pages 735–744https://doi.org/10.1145/371920.372193Online:01 April 2001Publication History 18citation859DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations18Total Downloads859Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Evolution of neural precursor selection: functional divergence of proneural proteins (2004)

How conserved pathways are differentially regulated to produce diverse outcomes is a fundamental question of developmental and evolutionary biology. The conserved process of neural precursor cell (NPC) selection by basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proneural transcription factors in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by atonal related proteins (ARPs) presents an excellent model in which to address this issue. Proneural ARPs belong to two highly related groups: the ATONAL (ATO) group and the NEUROGENIN (NGN) group. We used a cross-species approach to demonstrate that the genetic and molecular mechanisms by which ATO proteins and NGN proteins select NPCs are different. Specifically, ATO group genes efficiently induce neurogenesis in Drosophila but very weakly in Xenopus, while the reverse is true for NGN group proteins. This divergence in proneural activity is encoded by three residues in the basic domain of ATO proteins. In NGN proteins, proneural capacity is encoded by the equivalent three residues in the basic domain and a novel motif in the second Helix (H2) domain. Differential interactions with different types of zinc (Zn)-finger proteins mediate the divergence of ATO and NGN activities: Senseless is required for ATO group activity, whereas MyT1 is required for NGN group function. These data suggest an evolutionary divergence in the mechanisms of NPC selection between protostomes and deuterostomes.
The structures of two derivatives of bicyclo[3,3,1]nonane-2,4,9-trione. A natural product: clusianone, C<sub>33</sub>H<sub>42</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and trimethylated catechinic acid, C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>20</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (1976)

The structures of two derivatives of bicyclo[3,3,1]nonane-2,4,9-trione were solved by direct methods. The structures of clusianone, C33H4204, and trimethylated catechinic acid, C1sH2006, were refined by standard least-squares techniques to weighted R(F) values of 0-038 and 0.046 respectively using diffractometer data. The two molecules are compared and unusually long C(sp3)-C(sp 3) bonds are discussed. Clusianone contains a 1603 (4) A carbon--carbon bond.
Development Of HVDC Thyristor Valve Insulated And Cooled By Compressed SF6 Gas (1983)

A thyristor valve for HVDC transmission insulated by compressed SF <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</L> gas has been developed. The valve is cooled by the forced circulation of the insulating gas with a blower. Valve unit up to the voltage and current ratings of 250 kV and 3,000 A can be housed in a metal tank and the valve is transportable on a trailer fully constructed. A metal enclosed converter for 500 kV HVDC power transmission for example, may be constructed by connecting the units to form a twelve pulse converter.
Automatic design of logical networks (1959)

The frequent use of transcendental functions in digital computer programs has presented a basic problem in the design of real-time control systems. Since there are usually no single instructions to perform such functions as sine x, arc sine x, etc., two other techniques have been used.
Total Synthesis of the Cyclodepsipeptide Apratoxin A and Its Analogues and Assessment of Their Biological Activities (2006)

A novel total synthesis of apratoxin A is described, with key steps including the assembly of its ketide segment through a D-proline-catalyzed direct aldol reaction and Oppolzer's anti aldol reaction and the preparation of its thiazoline unit in a biomimetic synthesis. An oxazoline analogue of apratoxin A has also been elaborated by a similar approach. This compound has a potency against HeLa cell proliferation only slightly lower than that of apratoxin A, whilst a C(40)-demethylated oxazoline analogue of apratoxin A displays a much lower cytotoxicity and the C(37)-epimer and C(37) demethylation product of this new analogue are inactive. These results suggest that the two methyl groups at C(37) and C(40) and the stereochemistry at C(37) are essential for the potent cellular activity of the oxazoline analogue of apratoxin A. Further biological analysis revealed that both synthetic apratoxin A and its oxazoline analogue inhibited cell proliferation by causing cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase.
Metformin as an Adjuvant Drug against Pediatric Sarcomas: Hypoxia Limits Therapeutic Effects of the Drug (2013)

Metformin, a well-known insulin-sensitizer commonly used for type 2 diabetes therapy, has recently emerged as potentially very attractive drug also in oncology. It is cheap, it is relatively safe and many reports have indicated effects in cancer prevention and therapy. These desirable features are particularly interesting for pediatric sarcomas, a group of rare tumors that have been shown to be dependent on IGF and insulin system for pathogenesis and progression. Metformin exerts anti-mitogenic activity in several cancer histotypes through several molecular mechanisms. In this paper, we analyzed its effects against osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, the three most common pediatric sarcomas. Despite in vitro metformin gave remarkable antiproliferative and chemosensitizing effects both in sensitive and chemoresistant cells, its efficacy was not confirmed against Ewing sarcoma xenografts neither as single agent nor in combination with vincristine. This discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo effects may be due to hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors. We provide evidences that in hypoxia conditions metformin was not able to activate AMPK and inhibit mTOR signaling, which likely prevents the inhibitory effects of metformin on tumor growth. Thus, although metformin may be considered a useful complement of conventional chemotherapy in normoxia, its therapeutic value in highly hypoxic tumors may be more limited. The impact of hypoxia should be considered when novel therapies are planned for pediatric sarcomas.
Contributions of IL-1β and IL-1α to Crescentic Glomerulonephritis in Mice (2004)

ABSTRACT. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine with two distinct isoforms (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta) that signal through the same IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI). Contributions of IL-1beta have been demonstrated in human and experimental proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN), but the involvement of IL-1alpha has received little attention. To determine the combined contribution of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta and to dissect the specific contribution of IL-1beta, the development of anti-glomerular basement membrane globulin-induced crescentic GN was studied in mice genetically deficient in either the IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI-/-), which are unresponsive to both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, or IL-1beta alone (IL-1beta-/-). IL-1beta-/- mice showed significant reductions in crescent formation and glomerular T cell and macrophage recruitment compared with strain matched controls (WT). No additional reductions of these indices of injury were observed in IL-1RI-/- mice. However, IL-1RI-/- mice showed greater functional renal protection with significantly less proteinuria and reduced serum creatinine compared with IL-1beta-/- mice, suggesting a significant contribution of IL-1alpha to these parameters of injury. IL-1RI-/- mice had lower serum titers of antibody to the nephritogenic antigen (sheep globulin) and reduced glomerular deposition of complement compared with either IL-1beta-/- or WT mice. This suggests that in the absence of responses to both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, attenuation of humoral mediators provides additional functional protection from renal injury that is not seen in the absence of IL-1beta alone. These studies indicate that IL-1beta but not IL-1alpha contributes to crescent formation and inflammatory cell recruitment, whereas IL-1alpha but not IL-1beta contributes to humoral mechanisms of glomerular injury.
Transitioning from Acute to Chronic Pain: An Examination of Different Trajectories of Low-Back Pain (2018)

Traditionally, there has been a widely accepted notion that the transition from acute to chronic pain follows a linear trajectory, where an injury leads to acute episodes, subacute stages, and progresses to a chronic pain condition. However, it appears that pain progression is much more complicated and individualized than this original unsupported assumption. It is now becoming apparent that, while this linear progression may occur, it is not the only path that pain, specifically low-back pain, follows. It is clear there is a definite need to evaluate how low-back pain trajectories are classified and, subsequently, how we can more effectively intervene during these progression stages. In order to better understand and manage pain conditions, we must examine the different pain trajectories, and develop a standard by which to use these classifications, so that clinicians can better identify and predict patient-needs and customize treatments for maximum efficacy. The present article examines the most recent trajectory research, and highlights the importance of developing a broader model for patient evaluation.
302. Griseofulvin analogues. Part VII. Replacements in the aromatic ring (1963)

S. R. Goodall, G. I. Gregory and T. Walker, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 1610 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630001610
Shielding Effectiveness of Long Cables (1979)

In this paper, we discuss a revised triaxial method for testing the shielding effectiveness of long cables. Using this method, measurements show that the commonly accepted rule that doubling cable length decreases the shielding effectiveness by half (6db) holds only for a very special case. In general this rule is not even approximately true, and data are given to illustrate the point. Finally, reasons for the failure of the doubling law are briefly discussed.
Modeling multi-port systems from frequency response data via tangential interpolation (2009)

System identification from frequency domain data arises in many areas, e.g., in control, electronics, mechanical and civil engineering and many other fields. Currently available techniques work well for the single input single output case. However, for the case of large numbers of inputs and outputs, present methods are expensive. This paper proposes a new approach which is based on the concept of tangential interpolation. Our approach allows the identification of the underlying system using small CPU times. The numerical results we present show that our algorithms yield more accurate models in less time, when compared to the column-wise implementation of vector fitting.
Application of innovation-based genetic control scheme to signal acquisition for global navigation satellite systems (2009)

This paper utilizes a novel evolutionary approach to proceed with signal acquisition in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The method controls search space bound of frequency shift and code delay to shorten signal acquisition time. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can acquire more accurate signal parameters and take less signal acquisition time than the traditional method.
Revealing factors determining immunodominant responses against dominant epitopes (2019)

Upon recognition of peptide-MHC complexes by T cell receptors (TCR), the cognate T cells expand and differentiate into effector T cells to generate protective immunity. Despite the fact that any immune response generates a diverse set of TCR clones against a particular epitope, only a few clones are highly expanded in any immune response. Previous studies observed that the highest frequency clones usually control viral infections better than subdominant clones, but the reasons for this dominance among T cell clones are still unclear. Here, we used publicly available TCR amino acid sequences to study which factors determine whether a response becomes immunodominance (ID) per donor; we classified the largest T cell clone as the epitope-specific dominant clone and all the other clones as subdominant responses (SD). We observed a distinctively hydrophobic CDR3 in ID responses against a dominant epitope from influenza A virus, compared to the SD responses. The common V-J combinations were shared between ID and SD responses, suggesting that the biased V-J recombination events are restricted by epitope specificity; thus, the immunodominance is not directly determined by a bias combination of V and J genetic segments. Our findings reveal a close similarity of global sequence properties between dominant and subdominant clones of epitope-specific responses but detectable distinctive amino acid enrichments in ID. Taken together, we believe this first comparative study of immunodominant and subdominant TCR sequences can guide further studies to resolve factors determining the immunodominance of antiviral as well as tumor-specific T cell responses.
Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to protegrins (1996)

We developed a sensitive and quantitative radial diffusion method to ascertain the susceptibility of six strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial peptides derived from mammalian leukocytes. The test organisms included the well-characterized serum-resistant FA19 and serum-sensitive F62 strains plus four antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates. Although each N. gonorrhoeae strain was resistant to human neutrophil defensins, all six were exquisitely sensitive to protegrins, a family of small beta-sheet antimicrobial peptides recently identified in porcine leukocytes. Protegrin-treated N. gonorrhoeae became vacuolated and had striking membrane changes when viewed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Because low concentrations of protegrins can also inactivate Chlamydia trachomatis and human immunodeficiency virus, they show promise for development as topical agents to avert sexually transmitted diseases.
Delaying Amphotericin B–Based Frontline Therapy Significantly Increases Mortality among Patients with Hematologic Malignancy Who Have Zygomycosis (2008)

Because discriminating between zygomycosis and aspergillosis in a timely fashion is difficult, the pursuit of aggressive diagnostic strategies and prompt initiation of antifungal agents with activity against Zygomycetes should be considered for patients with hematological malignancy who are at an increased risk for zygomycosis.
A graph pattern matching approach to software architecture recovery (2002)

This paper presents a technique for recovering the high level design of legacy software systems based on pattern matching and user defined architectural patterns. Architectural patterns are represented using a description language that is mapped to an attributed relational graph and allows to specify the legacy system components and their data and control flow interactions. Such pattern descriptions are viewed as queries that are applied against an entity-relation graph that represents information extracted from the source code of the software system. A multi-phase branch and bound search algorithm with a forward checking mechanism controls the matching process of the two graphs by which, the query is satisfied and its variables are instantiated. An association based scoring mechanism is used to rank the alternative results generated by the matching process. Experimental results of applying the technique on the Xfig system are also presented.
OVERLAPPING FORE AND OSEM FOR 3D PET IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION (2004)

Positron emission tomography (PET) images can be used to judge whether or not a person's bodily tissue is showing abnormal metabolism, providing a tool for early diagnosis and treatment of illnesses. Contemporary PET scanners have retracted their septa in order to increase the collected coincidental events. Thus, the protocol either needs to undergo three-dimensional image reconstruction, or use rebinning formulas to perform the less expensive two-dimensional image reconstruction for final images. Reconstruction using the second method saves image reconstruction time. The main goal of the paper is to further improve the performance by overlapping the rebinning and two-dimensional reconstruction operations, so as to early start in reconstruction, and to be able to undergo image reconstruction based on the pipelined direct sinograms. Frequency distance relations are analyzed in detail to generate the Fourier transformed sinograms in order for subsequent pipelined stages of reconstruction. The two-dimensional reconstruction operation does not have to wait until the completion of all sinogram generations, therefore it can hide most of the time spent in rebinning operations. The associated parameters can be pre-calculated indiscriminately beforehand for best performance.
Metabolites of microorganisms. 162nd Communication. The crystal and molecular structure of lysolipin I (1977)

Abstract The triacetate of the antibiotic lysolipin (1) crystallizes in the space group P2 1 , a = 11.059, b = 21.453, c = 8.423 Å, β = 109.76°. X‐ray analysis was used to determine the structure of this compound.
Quantum dot nano-composites as colour-converters for micro-pixellated gallium nitride light-emitting diodes (2008)

We report aligned micro-patterning of quantum dot nanocomposites on gallium nitride micro-pixel light-emitting diode arrays. Mixing colloidal quantum dots in a polymer matrix facilitates dasiadirect writingpsila micro-structuring techniques for high-density pixellated colour-conversion.
Predicting future behavior of transient events rapidly enough to evaluate remedial control options in real-time (1995)

Electric utilities are becoming increasingly interested in using synchronized phasor measurements from around power systems to enhance their protection and remedial action control strategies. Accordingly, the task of predicting future behavior of the power system before it actually occurs has become an important area of research. This paper presents and analyses several approaches for solving the real-time prediction problem. In order to solve power systems with detailed load models fast enough for real-time prediction, the authors present a new piecewise constant current load model approximation technique that can solve a model as complex as the New England 39 bus system with composite voltage dependent loads much faster than in real-time. If the reduced order model is too large for real-time solution, then a pattern recognition tool such as decision trees can be trained off line to associate the post-fault phasor measurements with the outcome of future behavior. In this case also, the piecewise constant current technique would be needed to perform the offline training set generation with sufficient speed and accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deep Learning-Based Goal Recognition in Open-Ended Digital Games (2014)

While many open-ended digital games feature non-linear storylines and multiple solution paths, it is challenging for game developers to create effective game experiences in these settings due to the freedom given to the player. To address these challenges, goal recognition, a computational player-modeling task, has been investigated to enable digital games to dynamically predict players’ goals. This paper presents a goal recognition framework based on stacked denoising autoencoders, a variant of deep learning. The learned goal recognition models, which are trained from a corpus of player interactions, not only offer improved performance, but also offer the substantial advantage of eliminating the need for labor-intensive feature engineering. An evaluation demonstrates that the deep learning-based goal recognition framework significantly outperforms the previous state-of-the-art goal recognition approach based on Markov logic networks.