gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed Perchloric and Sulfuric Acids (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMixed Perchloric and Sulfuric AcidsG. Frederick Smith and C. A. GetzCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1934, 6, 4, 252–254Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50090a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50090a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
High-Order Subharmonic Millimeter-Wave Mixer Based on Few-Layer Graphene (2015)

A millimeter-wave subharmonic-mixer topology based on a few-layer graphene component has been designed, manufactured, and experimentally characterized. The circuit has been conceived to perform the up/downconversion of a signal in the WR-3 band, between 220-330 GHz, using a high-order harmonic component of the input signal in the WR-28 band, between 26.5-40 GHz, as a local oscillator. The manufactured prototype has been characterized in both upconversion and downconversion, for the subharmonic orders between 5-14, obtaining a peak conversion gain value over -65 dB. The theoretically predicted capability of graphene to produce high-order intermodulation products at millimeter-wave frequencies, with a slowly decaying amplitude pattern, has been experimentally verified.
Efficient Synthesis of Chiral 2,2′-Bis-bipyridines (2002)

Chiral 2,2′-bis-bipyridines, where the two bipyridine moieties are connected through various bridging groups are obtained by Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. The resulting metal chelators represent a new variety in the class of the CHIRAGEN ligands.
My iPhone (2007)

Step-by-step instructions with callouts to iPhone photos so that you can see exactly what to doHelp when you run into the few iPhone limitationsTips and Notes to help you get the most from your iPhoneLearn How to Make iPhone Your Own: Use as a cell phone for multiple simultaneous calls, visual voicemail, and more. Manage your contacts on your computer and on iPhone. Use as an iPod to listen to music and podcasts,i¾ or watch movies, TV shows, and music videos. Email on the go using your existing email accounts. Surf the web so you can view and use standard web pages on a mobile device. Stay on schedule with Calendar manager sync'd to your Outlook or iCal calendar (or both). Use the camera and photo viewer for photos you take on iPhone or those you move from your computer. Watch YouTube videos, create maps, track stocks, watch the weather, take notes, and on it goes... About the Author xDedication xiAcknowledgments xiPrologue: Getting Started with iPhone 3Chapter 1: Making, Receiving, and Managing Calls 17Chapter 2: Managing Contacts 51Chapter 3: Listening to Audio and Watching Video 81Chapter 4: Connecting to the Internet, Bluetooth Devices, and VPNs 125Chapter 5: Emailing 145Chapter 6: Surfing the Web 177Chapter 7: Text Messaging 201Chapter 8: Working with Date & Time and the Calendar 211Chapter 9: Taking, Storing, and Viewing Photos 239Chapter 10: Using Other iPhone Widgets 261Chapter 11: Configuring iPhone's Settings 299Chapter 12: Maintaining iPhone and Solving iPhone Problems 311 i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ i¾ Index 325
Development and application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of<i>Pythium helicoides</i> (2014)

Root rot of poinsettia, caused by Pythium helicoides at high temperatures in hydroponic cultures, has become a serious problem in many parts of the world. We have developed a species-specific, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid diagnosis of this pathogen. The primers were designed using the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequence. Primer specificity was established using 40 Pythium species including P. helicoides, 11 Phytophthora species, and eight other soil-borne pathogens. A sensitivity test was carried out using genomic DNA extracted from P. helicoides, and the detection limit was c. 100 fg which is comparable to that of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, we tested the ease of pathogen detection in poinsettia roots. The LAMP results were consistent with those from the conventional plating method and showed more sensitivity than the PCR results. Consequently, the LAMP method developed in this study is effective for the rapid and easy detection of P. helicoides.
Mapping genomic organization by field inversion and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: application to the murine T-cell receptor γ gene family (1988)

A new two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique has been developed for the mapping of multigene families. Resolution in the first dimension is based on the generation of large size DNA fragments by infrequently-cutting restriction enzymes, and separation of these fragments by field inversion gel (FIG) electrophoresis. A second restriction enzyme digestion is then carried out with the separated DNA fragments in the agarose gel. Standard gel electrophoresis in the second dimension allows one to estimate the number of hybridizing genes contained in each large DNA fragment. We have also developed a novel method to increase the separation, resolution and hybridization signal in the second dimension by condensing the bands from the first dimension into spots. As an example, we have applied these techniques to determine the organization of the murine T-cell receptor gamma locus. The murine gamma gene family was found to be contained on two DNA fragments encompassing 195 kilobases of DNA. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis method is particularly useful in the analysis of the organization of multigenic families where single copy probes are not readily available, and should extend the potential usefulness of field inversion gel electrophoresis in gene mapping.
Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Electrodes with Interconnected Nanowire Structure as an Anode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries (2005)

Manganese oxide electrodes composed of interconnected nanowires are electrochemically synthesized in manganous acetate solution at room temperature without any template and catalyst. Annealing temperature affects the electrode morphology, crystallization, and electrochemical performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that nanowires are uniformly distributed and sizes are about 12-18 nm in diameter; the diameter decreases to about 8-12 nm after annealing at 300 degrees C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images indicate that nanowires have poor crystalline characteristics. The higher the annealing temperature, the higher the crystalline degree is in manganese oxide. The synthesized anode material shows a much larger capacity than the traditional graphite materials for lithium storage. After annealing at 300 degrees C, the electrode's reversible capacity reaches 800 mAhg(-1), and the specific capacity retention remains nearly constant after 100 cycles.
Different Myrosinase and Idioblast Distribution in Arabidopsis and <i>Brassica napus</i>  (2001)

Myrosinase (EC 3.2.3.1) is a glucosinolate-degrading enzyme mainly found in special idioblasts, myrosin cells, in Brassicaceae. This two-component system of secondary products and degradative enzymes is important in plant-insect interactions. Immunocytochemical analysis of Arabidopsis localized myrosinase exclusively to myrosin cells in the phloem parenchyma, whereas no myrosin cells were detected in the ground tissue. In Brassica napus, myrosinase could be detected in myrosin cells both in the phloem parenchyma and in the ground tissue. The myrosin cells were similar in Arabidopsis and B. napus and were found to be different from the companion cells and the glucosinolate-containing S-cells present in Arabidopsis. Confocal laser scanning immunomicroscopy analysis of myrosin cells in B. napus embryos showed that the myrosin grains constitute a continuous reticular system in the cell. These findings indicate that in the two species studied, initial cells creating the ground tissue have different potential for making idioblasts and suggest that the myrosinase-glucosinolate system has at least partly different functions. Several myrosinases in B. napus extracts are recovered in complex together with myrosinase-binding protein (MBP), and the localization of MBP was therefore studied in situ. The expression of MBP was highest in germinating seedlings of B. napus and was found in every cell except the myrosin cells of the ground tissue. Rapid disappearance of the MBP from the non-myrosin cells and emergence of MBP in the myrosin cells resulted in an apparent colocalization of MBP and myrosinase in 7-d-old seedlings.
Use of colour in form layout analysis (2002)

Colour has long been viewed as one of the unnecessary features in any form processing system, due not only to the large storage requirement and computational cost its inclusion imposes but also to the complexities of hue, chroma and brightness variation. However, as technology has advanced and computing costs have reduced, the processing of documents in colour has now become practical. This paper describes a prototype form extraction system that utilises colour information to help facilitate data extraction from a form. Blank forms are first automatically analysed to obtain their layout, colour and statistical information. The filled data is then extracted from the filled forms using techniques based upon the colour characteristic changes that have occurred with respect to the blank form. The improved performance of the proposed method has been verified by comparing the processing time, data extraction precision and recall rate of the proposed system to that of an archetypal black and white form extraction system.
The acute effects of a lunch containing capsaicin on energy and substrate utilisation, hormones, and satiety (2009)

An acute lunch containing capsaicin had no effect on satiety, EE, and PYY, but increased GLP-1 and tended to decrease ghrelin.
(How) Do Observer Categories Based on Color Matching Functions Affect the Perception of Small Color Differences? (2011)

In this paper we investigate the impact of colorimetric observer categories on the prediction of the average suprathreshold color difference perception. The observer categories were obtained from an observer classification experiment, while the color difference data were obtained from an experiment involving a liquid crystal display (LCD) with fluorescent backlight. The same observer panel with normal color vision participated in both experiments. Results obtained from the observer classification experiment were consistent with the average observer threshold for color difference judgment. This analysis demonstrates that the observer categories, determined based on individual differences in cone spectral sensitivities (and thus color matching functions), have an influence on the prediction of average suprathreshold color difference perception for a given observer population.
Modulated bone matrix‐related gene expression is associated with differences in interfacial strength of different implant surface roughness (2002)

Purpose The objective of this study was to examine the effect of implant surface topography on biomechanical strength and expression patterns of bone extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related genes during implant healing. Materials and Methods Cylinder implants with turned or dual acid‐etched (DE) surface were placed into the femurs of female Sprague‐Dawley rats. At 2 and 4 weeks after the implantation, the implant push‐in test was performed to measure the load‐bearing strength of the bone‐tissue interface. T‐shaped hollow implants were separately placed and the total RNA was extracted from the ingrown tissue within the hollow chamber. The RNA was subjected to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to analyze the expression pattern of selected bone extracellular matrix‐related genes. Results The push‐in value of the DE implant is approximately 300% greater than that of the turned implant at weeks 2 and 4 (p=.0090). The expression of collagen II, osteocalcin and biglycan was higher in the week 2 DE implant group than the turned implant group. At week 4 the expression of collagen II and IX was 7‐ and 26‐fold, respectively, greater in the DE implant group than in the turned implant group. Conclusions The surface topography of implants may induce the phenotypic alteration of wound healing cells. The increased interfacial strength of the DE implant may be associated with the modulated expression of the selected set of bone extracellular matrix genes.
Identification of chilling stress-responsive tomato microRNAs and their target genes by high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis (2014)

Tomato is an important model plant for basic biological research. In this study, numerous conserved and novel miRNAs involved in the chilling response were identified using high-throughput sequencing, and the target genes were analyzed by degradome sequencing. The work helps identify chilling-responsive miRNAs in tomato and increases the number of identified miRNAs involved in chilling stress. Furthermore, the work provides a foundation for further study of the regulation of miRNAs in the plant response to chilling stress.
Role of Melanin Pigment in Expression of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Virulence Factors (2008)

We identified the mutated gene locus in a pigment-overproducing Vibrio cholerae mutant of strain A1552. The deduced gene product is suggested to be an oxidoreductase based on partial homology to putative homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mesorhizobium loti, and we propose that the gene VC1345 in the V. cholerae genome be denoted hmgA in accordance with the nomenclature for other species. The hmgA::mini-Tn5 mutant showed a nonpigmented phenotype after complementation with a plasmid clone carrying the WT hmgA(+) locus. Microarray transcription analysis revealed that expression of hmgA and the neighboring genes encoding a postulated two-component sensor system was growth phase dependent. Results from quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that hmgA operon expression was reduced in the rpoS mutant, but pigment production by the WT V. cholerae or the hmgA mutant was not detectably influenced by the stationary-phase regulator RpoS. The pigmented mutant showed increased UV resistance in comparison with the WT strain. Interestingly, the pigment-producing mutant expressed more toxin-coregulated pilus and cholera toxin than WT V. cholerae. Moreover, the hmgA mutant showed a fivefold increase in the ability to colonize the intestines of infant mice. A possible mechanism by which pigment production might cause induction of the ToxR regulon due to generation of hydrogen peroxide was supported by results from tests showing that externally supplied H(2)O(2) led to higher TcpA levels. Taken together, our findings suggest that melanin pigment formation may play a role in V. cholerae virulence factor expression.
Emerging processes in biosolids treatment, 2005 (2006)

Achieving Class A treatment over Class B is becoming increasingly desirable. Most emerging new and improved processes are being promoted to meet Class A treatment objectives. Knowledge of these processes is also desirable to allow improved understanding of their current status and suitability. This paper reviews both digestion and reduction technologies and provides examples, advantages, and disadvantages for each. Key words: Class A biosolids treatment; emerging technologies; digestion: hydrolysis, thermophilic, pre-pasteurization; reduction: gasification, fuel from sludge, wet air oxidation, super critical water oxidation, hydrothermal.
Bubble size estimation in slurry bubble columns from pressure fluctuations (2005)

Abstract The average large gas bubble size in slurry bubble columns is estimated using a spectral analysis method applied to measured pressure time series. A pressure time series measured in a bubble column consists of local pressure fluctuations and global pressure fluctuations. The local pressure fluctuations arise from the liquid velocity fluctuations induced by the large gas bubbles and by the changes in gas holdup. The standard deviation of these local pressure fluctuations is a measure of the average large bubble size. The coherence between the pressure time series measured at the sparger and at any other location in the column is used to separate the local pressure fluctuations from the global pressure fluctuations. The global pressure fluctuations are measured instantaneously throughout the column and form the coherent part of the pressure time series. The local pressure fluctuations, which are absent at the sparger, form the incoherent part of the pressure time series. In a 2‐D bubble column, a clear correlation is demonstrated between the incoherent standard deviation of the pressure time series and the average large gas bubble size obtained from video imaging. A good agreement is also found between this correlation and the 3‐D model proposed by Krishna et al. for predicting the average large bubble size in 3‐D (slurry) bubble columns. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Transformation of Jatropha curcas: Factors Affecting Transient Transformation Efficiency and Morphology Analysis of Transgenic Calli (2009)

Abstract An efficient system for Agrobacterium tumefaciensmediated transformation of Jatropha curcas was developed in this study. Several factors affecting the transformation efficiency were optimized, including the explant type, preculture and coculture periods, usage of acetosyringone and density of A. tumefaciens. Compared with other explants, 2-day precultured and cocultured hypocotyl explants showed a significant GUS transient expression efficiency (67.7%). Moreover, adding AS showed a remarkable increase in transformation efficiency. After infecting with A. tumefaciens, hypocotyl explants were subjected to expansion and proliferation on MS medium with 1.0 mg· l-1 IBA and 0.5 mg· l-1 BA. Transformants were demonstrated by the GUS assay and PCR analysis. Rate of hypocotyl explants forming resistant calli reached 67.08%. Furthermore, in the transformed calli development, morphologic changes (calli superficial development and internal structure) were observed by SEM and LM. The present study has provided a fundamental information and research approach for the future study of inducing new traits to J. curcas and genetic modification.
Therapeutic vaccination using CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>antigen-specific regulatory T cells (2004)

Autoimmune disease results from the dysregulation of basic tolerogenic processes designed to control self/non-self-discrimination. Approaches to treat autoimmunity have focused historically on potent immunosuppressives that block the activation and expansion of antigen-specific T cells before they differentiate into pathogenic T cell responses. These therapies are very efficient in reducing clonal expansion and altering early signaling pathways. However, once the pathogenic responses are established (i.e., autoimmunity), the interventions are less effective on activated and differentiated T cell subsets (including memory T cells) or acting in the presence of an inflammatory milieu to abort immune responses at the target tissue and systemically. Moreover, the current immunotherapies require continuous use because they do not redirect the immune system to a state of tolerance. The continuous treatment leads to long-term toxicities and can profoundly suppress protective immune responses targeted at viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens. Over the past decade, there have been tremendous advances in our understanding of the basic processes that control immune tolerance. Among the most exciting has been the identification of a professional regulatory T cell subset that has shown enormous potential in suppressing pathologic immune responses in autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and graft vs. host disease. In this review, we summarize current efforts to induce and maintain tolerance in the autoimmune diabetes setting by using therapeutic vaccination with CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. Emphasis will be placed on approaches to exploit regulatory T cells either directly or through the use of anti-CD3 immunotherapy.
Actin is cleaved during constitutive apoptosis (1997)

Proteases play an important role in the programme of cell death by apoptosis but little is known of the substrates cleaved, particularly in constitutive models of this type of cell death. Neutrophils spontaneously undergo apoptosis in culture without requiring external stimuli. During this process we found biochemical and immunochemical evidence for the cleavage of membrane-associated actin, a component of the cytoskeleton that links polymerized actin to the plasma membrane. Cleavage occurred at a single site at the N-terminus, between residues Val43-Met44, a site devoid of a consensus motif for cleavage by cysteine proteases of the interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-family. Whereas actin cleavage and nuclear/cell surface markers of apoptosis were co-ordinately diminished by zVAD-fmk, an inhibitor of the ICE-like family of proteases, only acetyl-leucyl-leucylnormethional, an inhibitor of calpains, was capable of completely inhibiting actin cleavage. Our results suggest that actin is not a direct substrate for the ICE-like family of proteases. By disabling the cytoskeleton, actin cleavage may be an important component in the capacity of apoptosis to reduce the injurious potential of neutrophils.
Promoting universal usability with multi-layer interface design (2002)

Increased interest in universal usability is causing some researchers to study advanced strategies for satisfying first-time as well as intermittent and expert users. This paper promotes the idea of multi-layer interface designs that enable first-time and novice users to begin with a limited set of features at layer 1. They can remain at layer 1, then move up to higher layers when needed or when they have time to learn further features. The arguments for and against multi-layer interfaces are presented with two example systems: a word processor with 8 layers and an interactive map with 3 layers. New research methods and directions are proposed.
Atom Interferometer Measurement of the Newtonian Constant of Gravity (2007)

We measured the Newtonian constant of gravity, G, using a gravity gradiometer based on atom interferometry. The gradiometer measures the differential acceleration of two samples of laser-cooled Cs atoms. The change in gravitational field along one dimension is measured when a well-characterized Pb mass is displaced. Here, we report a value of G = 6.693 x 10(-11) cubic meters per kilogram second squared, with a standard error of the mean of +/-0.027 x 10(-11) and a systematic error of +/-0.021 x 10(-11) cubic meters per kilogram second squared. The possibility that unknown systematic errors still exist in traditional measurements makes it important to measure G with independent methods.