gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radioactive Iodine Capture in Silver-Containing Mordenites through Nanoscale Silver Iodide Formation (2010)

The effective capture and storage of radiological iodine ((129)I) remains a strong concern for safe nuclear waste storage and safe nuclear energy. Silver-containing mordenite (MOR) is a longstanding benchmark for iodine capture; however, the molecular level understanding of this process needed to develop more effective iodine getters has remained elusive. Here we probe the structure and distribution of iodine sorbed by silver-containing MOR using differential pair distribution function analysis. While iodine is distributed between gamma-AgI nanoparticles on the zeolite surface and subnanometer alpha-AgI clusters within the pores for reduced silver MOR, in the case of unreduced silver-exchanged MOR, iodine is exclusively confined to the pores as subnanometer alpha-AgI. Consequently, unreduced silver-containing zeolites may offer a more secure route for radioactive iodine capture, with the potential to more effectively trap the iodine for long-term storage.
INTAKE AIR DYNAMICS ON A TURBOCHARGED SI-ENGINE WITH WASTEGATE (2002)

On turbocharged spark-ignited (SI) engines with wastegate the position of the wastegate changes the exhaust manifold pressure. A secondary effect of this is that the residual gas mass trapped insid ...
Combining AFM and FRET for high resolution fluorescence microscopy (2001)

Here we demonstrate a new microscopic method that combines atomic force microscopy (AFM) with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). This method takes advantage of the strong distance dependence in Förster energy transfer between dyes with the appropriate donor/acceptor properties to couple an optical dimension with conventional AFM. This is achieved by attaching an acceptor dye to the end of an AFM tip and exciting a sample bound donor dye through far-field illumination. Energy transfer from the excited donor to the tip immobilized acceptor dye leads to emission in the red whenever there is sufficient overlap between the two dyes. Because of the highly exponential distance dependence in this process, only those dyes located at the apex of the AFM tip, nearest the sample, interact strongly. This limited and highly specific interaction provides a mechanism for obtaining fluorescence contrast with high spatial resolution. Initial results in which 400 nm resolution is obtained through this AFM/FRET imaging technique are reported. Future modifications in the probe design are discussed to further improve both the fluorescence resolution and imaging capabilities of this new technique.
Rheological Fluids as a Potential Component of Textile Products (2014)

Rheological fluids belong to the group of smart materials which can also form a component of some textile products. In this study shear thickening fluids (STF) and magnetorheological fluids (MRF) were synthesised. STF is a colloidal suspension of silica nanoparticles in an organic liquid carrier. The viscosity of STFs depends on the shear rate, which means that for a sufficiently high shear rate their properties change from the characteristic of a liquid to that typical for a solid body. This process is rapid and fully reversible. MRF is a noncolloid suspension of micrometric iron particles in a carrier liquid, usually oil. Under the action of an external magnetic field the particles form a chain-like structure and the MRFs change the viscosity, with their properties becoming characteristic of an elastic solid. In this study flexible body armours which are able to protect limbs were elaborated. Such systems can also be used for other flexible shields such as mates, blankets etc., as well as to find civilian applications, for example sport protective clothing.
Translation-based Co-verification (2005)

We propose a translation-based approach to hardware and software co-verification of embedded systems using model checking. Software and hardware designs of an embedded system are translated into the input formal language of a state-of-the-art model checker to enable co-verification. The formal model of the whole system is constructed through integrating the translations of hardware and software designs via a bridge module. The bridge module preserves the semantics of hardware and software. Co-verification complexity is reduced through (1) leveraging reduction algorithms of the target model checkers, (2) applying reduction algorithms in translation via model transformations, and (3) conducting compositional reasoning across the interfaces of the bridge module. Our approach has been implemented to support co-verification of software designs specified in executable UML and hardware designs specified in Verilog. We have successfully applied this approach to co-verification of networked sensors, an emerging type of embedded systems. The case study has shown that our approach is practical - applicable to embedded systems of real-world scale, and effective - leading to order-of-magnitude reduction on co-verification complexities.
Intelligent Image Database Systems (1996)

Introduction, S.K. Chang et al iconic indexing by 2D strings, S.K. Chang et al a normalized index for image databases, G. Petraglia et al representation of 3D symbolic and binary pictures using 3D strings, S.K. Chang and Y. Li spatial knowledge representation for iconic image database, S.-Y. Lee and F.-J. Hsu ordering information and symbolic projection, C. Schleider determining the views of a moving object using symbolic projections, E. Jungert a logical framework for spatio temporal indexing of image sequences, A. Del Bimbo and E. Vicario a generalized approach for image indexing and retrieval based on 2D strings, E.G.M. Petrakis and S.C. Orphanoudakis using 2D string decision trees for symbolic picture retrieval, D.J. Beuhrer et al efficient image retrieval algorithms for large spatial databases, J.C.R. Tseng et al a prototype multimedia database system incorporating iconic indexing, T. Arndt and R. Kuppanna a two- and three-dimensional ship databse application, J. Hildebrandt and K. Tang.
Class-specific feature sets in classification (1999)

In this correspondence, we present a new approach to the design of probabilistic classifiers that circumvents the dimensionality problem. Rather than working with a common high-dimensional feature set, the classifier is written in terms of likelihood ratios with respect to a common class using sufficient statistics chosen specifically for each class.
PREPARATION OF AN ESTRONE–PROTEIN CONJUGATE (1958)

A procedure is described for the preparation of an estrone–protein conjugate. The 17-amino derivative of estrone was prepared and converted by phosgenation to estrone-17-isocyanate. The latter was coupled to rabbit serum albumin. Ultraviolet analysis and determination of free amino groups of both albumin and estrone–albumin conjugate showed that the latter contained about 25 estrone residues per albumin molecule. Electrophoretic analysis provided additional evidence that coupling had occurred at the ε-amino groups of the lysine residues of albumin.
LONG-TERM RESULTS OF THE BULBOURETHRAL SLING PROCEDURE (2005)

The male bulbourethral sling procedure remains an effective treatment for post-prostatectomy incontinence at 4-year followup.
Impaired insulin action in subcutaneous adipocytes from women with visceral obesity (2001)

Visceral obesity is associated with resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin in vivo. We investigated whether subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipocytes from viscerally obese women exhibit insulin resistance in vitro. Subjects were obese black and white premenopausal nondiabetic women matched for visceral adipose tissue (VAT), total adiposity, and age. Independently of race and adipocyte size, increased VAT was associated with decreased sensitivity to insulin's antilipolytic effect in subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipocytes. Absolute lipolytic rates at physiologically relevant concentrations of insulin or the adenosine receptor agonist N 6 -(phenylisopropyl)adenosine were higher in subjects with the highest vs. lowest VAT area. Independently of cell size, abdominal adipocytes were less sensitive to the antilipolytic effect of insulin than gluteal adipocytes, which may partly explain increased nonesterified fatty acid fluxes in upper vs. lower body obese women. Moreover, increased VAT was associated with decreased responsiveness, but not decreased sensitivity, to insulin's stimulatory effect on glucose transport in abdominal adipocytes. These data suggest that insulin resistance of subcutaneous abdominal and, to a lesser extent, gluteal adipocytes may contribute to increased systemic lipolysis in both black and white viscerally obese women.
Quality of service in 3GPP R12 LTE-advanced (2013)

Growing demand for mobile data traffic is challenging even the capacities of next generation wireless networks. In response, operators worldwide are expanding and updating their deployment. In turn, 3GPP continues to explore ways to empower operators with features for more capable, economic, and energy-efficient networks. Toward 3GPP Release 12, focus has shifted to accommodate the inevitable traffic explosion in both magnitude and traffic types. In this work, we highlight some of the features of LTE-Advanced Release 12 relevant to improving quality of service. Specifically, we focus on solutions explored to enhance network capacity and service delivery in terms of offloading, improved services, and improved congestion control.
A neural network based postattack damage assessment system (2002)

Key elements of an automated damage assessment (ADA) will include ground-based sensors to survey and measure postattack damages, communication networks to link sensors, a survival recovery center (SRC), a runway repair team (or robots) for rapid response, and advanced signal processors to perform the 'search and optimization' processes for the 'best' airbase recovery plan. To meet the USAF ADA requirements, ITT Avionics has proposed the development of a hybrid signal processor. The system will consist of algorithmic processors and neural networks. To improve DA performance, key DA functions are implemented by neural networks. Due to the intrinsic nature of distributed processing power, the neural network not only provides the high throughput required for DA but it also achieves fault tolerance and graceful degradation, which are extremely important for the Rapid Runway Repair program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A General Non-Uniform Coarsening and Upscaling Framework for Reduced-Order Modeling (2017)

Abstract This paper presents a general framework for constructing effective reduced-order models from an existing high-fidelity reservoir model, irrespective of grid topology. We employ a flexible hierarchical grid coarsening strategy that is designed to preserve geologic features and structures in the underlying model such as environments of deposition and faults. The strategy supports selecting and combining coarsening methods that are targeted to the flow patterns in different parts of the reservoir. This includes, but is not limited to, explicit user-imposed boundaries, using efficient field-wide flow indicators, topological and geometric partitioning and methods for amalgamating and splitting clusters of cells. Collectively, these schemes enable an automatic strategy that separates a model into flow-dependent compartments that are respectively close to, far away from, or in between regions of sharp flow transients such as wells. These compartments may then be coarsened using different tailored techniques and target grid resolutions providing much more flexibility compared to traditional coarsening methods. We demonstrate that various techniques for flow-based transmissibility upscaling can be deployed on the resulting coarsened model to compute effective model properties. The hierarchical construction strategy allows efficient exploration of the geologic features of a reservoir that most impact flow patterns and well communication. The coarsened models are shown to be rank and trend accurate, enabling a more exhaustive sensitivity analysis if needed. We study the accuracy of the reduced-order model with a particular emphasis on the upscaled model's ability to capture effects of multiple phases in simulation runs compared to the full high-fidelity model.
BACTERIAL METABOLITES FROM BACILLUS CEREUS B4 RESPONSIBLE FOR POTATO PLANT GROWTH (2005)

Bacillus cereus B4 a biocontrol agent, produces three types of metabolites that contribute to its ability to suppress certain plant diseases and promote growth of potato crop. The metabolites were identified as Kanosamine, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoate (also known as 3,4-DOHB), and 2 keto-4 methylthiobutyrate. To enhance understanding of biological activity related to plant growth promotion, mode of action of one metabolite namely, 3,4-DOHB was determined. The metabolite improved crop vigour by eliminating free radicals which provided conditions for development of larger and healthier root system.
Structural and functional analysis of N-terminal point mutants of the human estrogen receptor (1996)

Twenty N-terminal point mutations of the human estrogen receptor (hER) were constructed as ubiquitin fusion products and expressed under the control of the copper regulated promoter CUP1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The objective of these studies was to overexpress hER in yeast and also to evaluate the functional properties of the N-terminal variants of hER. Fusion of the C-terminus of ubiquitin to the N-terminus of other proteins has been shown to increase the level of protein expression in yeast. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs) in yeast efficiently and precisely cleave at the junction with ubiquitin and render free hER with desired amino termini. The variant hER proteins, that were generated by mutating the N-terminus of hER, showed enormous differences in receptor protein levels and transactivation potential. All variant hER proteins were synthesized as 66 kDa species as identified by Western blotting with the exception of the proline-containing variant (Pro-ER). The UB-Pro-ER variant was cleaved inefficiently by UCHs in yeast. The UB-Pro-hER [correction of UB-Pro-hEr] variant also exhibited a different DNA band-shift profile compared to those of the other receptor variants and the wild-type. Val-, Thr-, and Lys-ER did not express, as measured by enzyme-immunoassay and Western blotting; nor did they transactivate a beta-galactosidase reporter gene in yeast. However, the Glu-ER was 50% more active in transactivation as compared to the wild-type. The results of the receptor content, DNA binding properties and transactivation analysis in yeast demonstrate that the N-terminal residue plays an important role in the structure and function of hER.
Atomic layer deposition of TiO<sub>2</sub> and Al‐doped TiO<sub>2</sub> films on Ir substrates for ultralow leakage currents (2011)

Abstract TiO 2 and Al‐doped TiO 2 (ATO) films were grown on Ir substrates by atomic layer deposition using O 3 as the oxygen source. With increasing O 3 feeding time, the crystalline structure of the TiO 2 films was transformed from anatase to rutile. Above an O 3 feeding time of 35 s, the films crystallized as only rutile due to the formation of IrO 2 layer at the interface. The TiO 2 and ATO films showed higher dielectric constants of 78 and 51, respectively. The films on Ir showed superior leakage properties compared to the films on Ru due to the high work‐function of Ir. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
[CT image retrieval of the liver with intrahepatic lesions]. (2011)

This paper presents a method for global feature extraction and the application of the boostmetric distance metric method for medical image retrieval. The global feature extraction method used the low frequency subband coefficient of the wavelet decomposition based on the non-tensor product coefficient for piecewise Gaussian fitting. The local features were extracted after semi-automatic segmentation of the lesion areas in the images in the database. The experimental verification of the method using 1688 CT images of the liver containing lesions of liver cancer, liver angioma, and liver cyst confirmed that this feature extraction method improved the detection rate of the lesions with good image retrieval performance.
Role of ERK 1/2 signaling in neuronal differentiation of cultured embryonic stem cells (2006)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells represent an ideal source for cell engraftment in the damaged central nervous system (CNS). Understanding key signals that control ES cell differentiation may improve cell type-specific differentiation that is suitable for transplantation therapy. We tested the hypothesis that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation is an early signaling event required for the neuronal differentiation of ES cells. Cultured mouse ES cells were treated with an all-trans-retinoic-acid (RA) protocol to generate neurally induced progenitor cells. Western blot analysis showed a dramatic increase in ERK 1/2 phosphorylation (p-ERK 1/2) 1-5 days after RA induction, which was attenuated in the presence of the p-ERK 1/2-specific inhibitor UO126. Phospho-ERK 1/2 inhibition significantly reduced the number of NeuN-positive cells and the expression of associated cytoskeletal proteins. In differentiating ES cells, there was increased nuclear translocation of STAT3 and decreased protein expression levels of GDNF, BDNF and NGF. STAT3 translocation was attenuated by UO126. Finally, caspase-3 activation was observed in the presence of UO126, suggesting that the ERK pathway also contributes to the survival of differentiating ES cells. These data indicate that ERK 1/2 phosphorylation is a key event required for early neuronal differentiation and survival of ES cells.
Review. French Political Pamphlets, 1547-1648, compiled by R. O. Lindsay and J. Neu (1973)

REVIEWS Get access French Political Pamphlets, 1547–1648. A Catalog of Major Collections in American Libraries. Compiled by ROBERT O. LINDSAYand JOHN NEU. Madison–London: University of Wisconsin Press. 1969. xii+510 pp. £4.75. D. A. WATTS D. A. WATTS EXETER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXVII, Issue 1, January 1973, Pages 57–58, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXVII.1.57 Published: 01 January 1973
Nearest Common Ancestors: A Survey and a new Distributed Algorithm (2002)

Abstract. Several papers describe linear time algorithms to preprocess a tree, in order to answer subsequent nearest common ancestor queries in constant time. Here, we survey these algorithms and related results. Whereas previous algorithms produce a linear space data structure, in this paper we address the problem of dis-tributing the data structure into short labels associated with the nodes. Localized data structures received much attention recently as they play an important role for distributed applications such as routing. We conclude our survey with a new simple algorithm that labels in O(n) time all the nodes of an n-node rooted tree such that from the labels of any two nodes alone one can compute in constant time the label of their nearest common ancestor. The labels assigned by our algorithm are of size O(log n) bits. 1.
Systematic search for variation in the human norepinephrine transporter gene: Identification of five naturally occurring missense mutations and study of association with major psychiatric disorders (1996)

The complete coding region of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene was systematically screened for genetic variants in 137 unrelated individuals (including 46 probands with bipolar affective disorder and 45 schizophrenic probands, as well as 46 blood donors) using single-strand conformation analysis. We identified 13 DNA sequence variants, among them five missense substitutions. The missense substitutions Val69Ile, Thr99Ile, Val245Ile, Val449Ile, and Gly478Ser are located at putative transmembrane domains (TMD) 1, 2, 4, 9, and 10, respectively. The Thr99Ile substitution is at the 5th position of the putative leucine-zipper in TMD2. In a case-control study distribution of missense substitutions was found to be similar in 103 patients with bipolar affective disorder, in 228 schizophrenia patients and in 187 controls, indicating that presence of these variants is not causally related to major psychiatric diseases. The detection of a highly polymorphic silent 1287G/A polymorphism was utilized to demonstrate biallelic expression of the NET in adult human brain.
Feedback on Household Electricity Consumption: Learning and Social Influence Processes (2011)

In this paper, we present results from a project aiming to develop a new feedback technology to support sustainable living in private households. Against the backdrop of a review of the relevant literature and based on qualitative family interviews and registration of the households' electricity consumption, we evaluate the effects of giving households detailed feedback about their electricity consumption on a small liquid crystal display (LCD) screen. Twenty Danish households participated in the study over a 5-month period. A new feedback system was developed in a user-involved innovation process. The average electricity saving in participating households is estimated to 8.1%, compared with a 0.8% saving in the control group. The qualitative interviews revealed that the feedback made household electricity consumption more visible and salient, and empowered electricity consumers to take action with respect to lowering their energy consumption. In addition, the feedback stimulated social influences processes related to energy savings between spouses as well as between (teenage) children and their parents. Notably, families with teenage children appear to be particularly receptive to this type of feedback.
A biomimetic scaffold for culturing limbal stem cells: a promising alternative for clinical transplantation (2008)

Limbal tissues can be cultured on various types of scaffolds to create a sheet of limbal-corneal epithelium for research as well as clinical transplantation. An optically clear, biocompatible, biomimetic scaffold would be an ideal replacement graft for transplanting limbal stem cells. In this study, we evaluated the physical and culture characteristics of the recombinant human cross-linked collagen scaffold (RHC-III scaffold) and compared it with denuded human amniotic membrane (HAM). Optical/mechanical properties and microbial susceptibility were measured for the scaffolds. With the approval of the institutional review board, 2 mm fresh human limbal tissues were cultured on 2.5 x 2.5 cm(2) scaffolds in a medium containing autologous serum in a feeder cell-free submerged system. The cultured cell systems were characterized by morphology and immunohistochemistry for putative stem cells and differentiated cell markers. The refractive index (RI) and tensile strength of the RHC-III scaffold were comparable to human cornea, with delayed in vitro degradation compared to HAM. RHC-III scaffolds were 10-fold less susceptible to microbial growth. Cultures were initiated on day 1, expanded to form a monolayer by day 3 and covered the entire growth surface in 10 days. Stratified epithelium on the scaffolds was visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The cultured cells showed p63 and ABCG2 positivity in the basal layer and were immunoreactive for cytokeratin K3 and K12 in the suprabasal layers. RHC-III scaffold supports and retains the growth and stemness of limbal stem cells, in addition to resembling human cornea; thus, it could be a good replacement scaffold for growing cells for clinical transplantation.