gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
rrnDB: documenting the number of rRNA and tRNA genes in bacteria and archaea (2008)

A dramatic exception to the general pattern of single-copy genes in bacterial and archaeal genomes is the presence of 1-15 copies of each ribosomal RNA encoding gene. The original version of the Ribosomal RNA Database (rrnDB) cataloged estimates of the number of 16S rRNA-encoding genes; the database now includes the number of genes encoding each of the rRNAs (5S, 16S and 23S), an internally transcribed spacer region, and the number of tRNA genes. The rrnDB has been used largely by microbiologists to predict the relative rate at which microbial populations respond to favorable growth conditions, and to interpret 16S rRNA-based surveys of microbial communities. To expand the functionality of the rrnDB (http://ribosome.mmg.msu.edu/rrndb/index.php), the search engine has been redesigned to allow database searches based on 16S rRNA gene copy number, specific organisms or taxonomic subsets of organisms. The revamped database also computes average gene copy numbers for any collection of entries selected. Curation tools now permit rapid updates, resulting in an expansion of the database to include data for 785 bacterial and 69 archaeal strains. The rrnDB continues to serve as the authoritative, curated source that documents the phylogenetic distribution of rRNA and tRNA genes in microbial genomes.
Multivalent Rechargeable Batteries (2000)

Li+ ion batteries have been the mainstay of high energy storage devices that have revolutionized the operating life time of consumer electronic devices for the past two decades. However, there is a steady increase in demand for energy storage devices with the ability to store more energy and deliver them at high power at low cost, without comprising safety and lifetime. Li-ion batteries have had significant challenges in increasing the amount of stored energy without affecting the overall lifetime and the ability to deliver stored energy. In order to store and deliver more energy, more lithium ions need to be inserted and extracted from a given electrode (cathode or anode). Upon inserting a large number of Li ions, the crystal lattice of the materials undergo severe mechanical distortions, leading to un-desirable structural changes. This results in underutilization of theoretical energy storage capacities of the electrodes and early failure of the batteries owing to instabilities in the electrode materials. Unlike monovalent Li+ ions, multivalent rechargeable batteries offer a potential solution to the above problems. Multivalent cations, such as Ca2+, are doubly-ionized as opposed to Li+ which is a monovalent cation. The advantages of using Ca2+ ions instead of Li+ ions are multifold. Due to the doubly-ionized nature, only half the number of Ca2+ ions need to be inserted and extracted from a given electrode to store and deliver energy from a high capacity cathode as compared to Li+ ions. This reduces the probability of lattice distortion and un-desirable structural changes, further leading to increased utilization of high theoretical energy storage capacities of the electrodes (cathode and anode). The use of Ca2+ ions also helps in delivering twice the amount of current density as compared to Li+ ions due to its doubly ionized nature. In this work, a set of eight metal hexacyanoferrate compounds were synthesized using the following metal ions: Ba2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Sn4+, Mo5+. The resulting metal hexacyanoferrate compounds were subjected to physical characterization using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), to determine physical properties such as size, morphology, unit cell symmetry and unit cell parameters. This was followed by electrochemical characterization utilizing cyclic voltammetry and galvanic cycling, to determine the specific capacity and kinetics involved in the transport of Ca2+ ions to store charge. Optical characterization of the metal hexacyanoferrates using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, allowed for the identification of metal-nitrogen stretching
Programming Pattern Recognition (1955)

Everyone likes to speculate, and recently there has been a lot of talk about reading machines and hearing machines. We know it is possible to simulate speech. This raises lots of interesting questions such as: If the machines can speak, will they squawk when you ask them to divide by zero? And can two machines carry on an intelligent conversation, say in Gaelic? And, of course, there is the expression electronic brain and the question, Do machines think? These questions are more philosophical than technical and I am going to duck them.
Nucleophilic displacement of aromatic fluorine. Part IV. Quinolinoquinolines and benzochromenoquinolines (1975)

Abstract The title compounds were obtained by facile intramolecular nucleophilic displacement of aromatic fluorine from 4‐(2‐fluorophenyl)quinolines bearing substituents such as a carboxamide, carboxaldehyde, carboxaldoxime or a hydroxymethyl group in the 3‐position.
Degumming of soybean oil: Quantitative analysis of phospholipids in crude and degummed oil1 (1983)

Abstract Phospholipids of crude and degummed soybean oils were isolated and separated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Standards and specific spray reagents were used to identify the phospholipids. Phospholipids identified in the crude and degummed oils were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Several unknown phosphorus‐containing compounds were present. Samples of crude and degummed oil were collected from four soybean oil processors over four consecutive days. Total and individual phospholipids were quantitated by determining the phosphorus content. The total phosphorus content of crude oil varied among companies, with the average ranging from 453 to 676 ppm. The average total phosphorus content of the degummed oil of the four processors ranged from 12 to 84 ppm. Processors removed an average of 86‐98% of the phosphorus present in the crude oil during the degumming process. There was also a daily variation in phosphorus removal within the individual companies. During the degumming process, the proportion of phosphatidylcholine decreased and the proportion of unknown, nonpolar phosphorus compounds increased in samples from all companies. Significantly higher proportions of phosphatidic acid and lyso compounds were found in the degummed oil of some but not all companies.
Historical Comparisons Between Various Interest Rates and Growth Rates in the CPI, MCPI, Average Weekly Earnings and Total Compensation in the Employer Cost Index (1999)

This paper provides historical comparisons between six different interest rates and growth rates in the Consumer Price Index, the Medical Consumer Price Index, the Average Weekly Earnings Series and Total Compensation in the Employer Cost Index. Comparisons are provided in the form of side by side annual rates of change, average rates of change for numbers of years ending in 1999, and net discount rates (the real interest rate in the case of the CPI) for numbers of years ending in 1999. The purpose of these comparisons is to enable forensic economists to easily counter inflated claims of net growth that are sometimes made by would-be economic experts. The comparisons provided show that there is no basis for real interest rates of less than 2.5 percent or net discount rates for labor earnings of less than 1.5 percent (not including ageearnings adjustments) no matter what interest rate is chosen as a discount rate and no matter how many years (up to 47 years in the case of the CPI and 41 years in the case of Average Weekly Earnings) are considered. In the case of the MCPI, however, the rates are smaller and, with some interest rates and time periods, a “more than offset” net discount rate can be demonstrated.
Haemoglobin binding with haptoglobin. Unequivocal demonstration that the β-chains of human haemoglobin bind to haptoglobin (1980)

Haptoglobin binding to haemoglobin and its isolated alpha- and beta-chains was studied by use of a highly sensitive solid-phase radiometric assay. As expected, adsorbents of haemoglobin bound 125I-labelled haptoglobin more efficiently than did adsorbents of the alpha-chain. However, unexpectedly, adsorbents of the beta-chain were found to be essentially identical with those of the alpha-chain in their ability to bind haptoglobin. These results demonstrate, unequivocally, the ability of beta-chains to bind to haptoglobin, and indicate that this assay is particularly convenient and useful for studying haptoglobin interactions with haemoglobin and its alpha- and beta-chains.
General design formalism for highly efficient flat optics for broadband applications (2020)

The use of flat diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for broadband applications, e.g. conventional optical systems, requires DOEs that maintain high efficiencies across the required range of wavelengths, angles of incidence, and grating periods. Here we introduce a general framework for how dispersion engineering can be used to design DOEs that fulfill these requirements and use our approach to determine design rules for broadband DOEs. Our analysis shows that the key to making échelette-type gratings (EGs) suitable for broadband optical systems is the development of new optical materials with specific uncommon dispersion properties. Subsequently, we use our framework to design a representative range of prototype EGs, which allows us to link the specifications of an optical system to the requirements on the EGs' materials. Finally, we show that our design rules apply to all DOEs based on propagation delays including GRIN DOEs and metagratings. Our design rules therefore guide the way towards unlocking the full potential of DOEs for different kinds of broadband applications.
CD23/CD21 interaction is required for presentation of soluble protein antigen by lymphoblastoid B cell lines to specific CD4+ T cell clones. (1994)

International audience
Fiber Optic Angioscopes (1985)

A new product for the direct visualization of cardiovascular and peripheral arterial systems has been investigated and developed using a miniature 1.0 mm diameter fiber optic system. This paper presents documentation of the major design parameters that should be considered in angioscope instrument development. The instrument described incorporates a concentric image system/outer shaft design for truer imaging; a working diameter of 1.5 mm, affording visualization of approximately 80% of the coronary arteries; a depth of field experimentally honed to 2 mm to 25 mm; and a system resolution of over 60 l/mm within the typical inspection range.
Complete Wireless Home Networking, Windows XP Edition (2003)

From the Publisher:

Set up your home wireless network-the quick and painless way
Learn time-saving tricks and troubleshooting tips from an expert
Enjoy the freedom of wireless computing at home-no experience required!
Get simple instructions and tips for Windows 98 through XP


Fast, reliable, secure home wireless networks-the easy way! 
Today's home wireless networks offer tremendous advantages over hard-wired networks-among them, unprecedented portability and, of course, the freedom from wires strung all over your house! Unless you have a firm grasp on all the latest networking technologies, though, wireless networks won't free you from digging your way through a collection of confusing, jargon-riddled manuals; dealing with obscure configuration modes; and finally, hoping somehow it will all work once you flip the switch. 
If you want a home wireless network without the headaches, then Complete Wireless Home Networking: Windows XP Edition, by wireless networking authority Paul Heltzel, is for you. Written in an engaging, conversational style, this book offers reliable advice on determining your equipment needs, then guides you through each step of building a wireless network-installation, setup, configuration, and troubleshooting. And with minimal fuss, you'll have a home wireless network that's fast, secure, and optimized for your physical environment and computing requirements. Whether you're accessing the Internet from your back yard, sending jobs to a printer downstairs, or transferring files effortlessly, you'll wonder how you got by without a wireless network. Coverage includes: 
Adding and sharing peripherals andInternet connections, step by step
Maximizing and troubleshooting wireless connections
Using vital security tools such as firewalls and data encryption, and much more!


This book is intended for anyone who wants to get a home wireless network up and running in no time, with no previous experience in networking required. You'll find simple instructions and tips for computers running Windows 98 through XP, including how to make them peacefully co-exist.
Propranolol in the Management of Hypertension in a Long-Term Dialysis Program (1974)

IN patients with chronic renal failure requiring maintenance dialysis, hypertension is frequently difficult to control without bilateral nephrectomy. Because of surgical risks in uremic patients, and also because of the complicating postnephrectomy anemias and problems in fluid and electrolyte balance, it is desirable to avoid nephrectomy. This is true particularly in view of the observed occasional improvement in renal function after several months of dialysis. Recently there have been reports on the value of propranolol hydrochloride in controlling severe hypertension in nonuremic patients.<sup>1</sup>We are reporting a trial of this drug in patients with uremia. <h3>Patients and Methods</h3> Six of the 20 patients on the longterm dialysis program have had persistent hypertension, despite therapy with furosemide, methyldopa, hydralazine hydrochloride, and guanethidine sulfate, and rigorous control of sodium intake and weight gain between dialyses. Many were experiencing postural hypotensive effects, drowsiness, and impotence, and were therefore at the limit of
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID AGAINST LPS-INDUCED SEPTIC SHOCK IN RODENTS (2009)

We have recently found that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, improves survival in a lethal model of hemorrhagic shock in rats. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether SAHA treatment would prevent LPS-induced septic shock and improve the survival in a murine model. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups. Experimental mice were given intraperitoneal SAHA (50 mg/kg) in vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide fluid (n = 10). The control mice (n = 10) received vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide only. They were injected with LPS (20 mg/kg, i.p.) 2 h later, and the animals from the treatment group were given a second dose of SAHA. Survival was monitored during the next 7 days. In a parallel study, mice treated with or without SAHA were subjected to LPS insult while normal (sham) mice serviced as controls. 1) Lungs were harvested at 3 and 48 h for analysis of gene expression and pathologic changes, respectively; 2) spleens were isolated for analysis of neutrophilic cell population. In addition, RAW264.7 mouse macrophages were cultured to assess the effects of SAHA on LPS-induced inflammation in vitro. All mice in the control group that were subjected to LPS challenge died in less than 48 h. However, SAHA-treated animals displayed a significantly higher 1-week survival rate (87.5%) compared with the control group (0%). Moreover, LPS insult decreased the acetylation of histone proteins (H2A, H2B, and H3), elevated the levels of TNF-alpha in vivo (circulation) and in vitro (culture medium), increased the neutrophilic cell population in the spleen, enhanced the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta genes in lung tissue, and augmented the pulmonary neutrophil infiltration. In contrast, SAHA treatment markedly attenuated all of these LPS-induced alterations. We report for the first time that administration of SAHA (50 mg/kg) significantly attenuates a variety of inflammatory markers and improves long-term survival after a lethal LPS insult.
Physiological and immunohistochemical characterization of cisplatin-induced neuropathy in mice (1999)

We investigated the neuropathic effects of cisplatin in two groups of mice treated with 5 or 10 mg/kg/week of cisplatin for 7 or 8 weeks. Peripheral nerve functions were evaluated by sweat imprints, and electrophysiological, rotarod, and nociceptive tests. Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were immunohistochemically localized in footpads. Tibial nerves were analyzed morphometrically. Functional deficits developed progressively with higher cumulative doses, more markedly in mice treated with high than in those with low doses. From cumulative doses of 10 mg/kg, significant declines in sensory nerve conduction velocity and sudomotor responses were found, whereas motor and nociceptive functions were involved later. There were no morphometrical changes in tibial nerves. A marked decrease of CGRP- and VIP-immunoreactive nerves occurred in samples from treated mice, whereas PGP-labeled profiles decreased mildly at late stages. Impairment of the content of neuropeptides with neurosecretor role was detectable earlier than functional abnormalities. Immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsies offers a useful diagnostic tool for peripheral neuropathies.
The Location of Myth in<i>Camí de sirga</i>by Jesús Moncada (2002)

(2002). The Location of Myth in Cami de sirga by Jesus Moncada. Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 41-54.
High-Efficiency Power Conversion for Low Power Fuel Cell Generation System (2005)

This study presents a newly designed topology for a fuel cell energy source conversion in order to supply a highly reliable utility power. Because the fuel cell has the power quality of low voltage as well as high current due to the electrochemical reaction, a high step-up dc-dc converter is utilized for boosting the fuel cell voltage up to a constant dc-bus voltage for the utilization of later inverter. Moreover, a current-source sine-wave voltage inverter is designed in the sense of voltage-clamping and soft-switching techniques to enable the use of a smaller inductor in the current source circuit and the compression of the voltage stress across switches about two times of the dc-bus voltage. In this power conversion scheme, the output voltage has the salient features of lower distortion, fast dynamic regulating speed and insensitivity to load variation, even under nonlinear loads. In addition, experimental results via an example of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell generation system with 250-W nominal power rating are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed power conversion strategy. According to the experimental measure, the maximum power inverter efficiency is over 95% and the total harmonic distortions for various load conditions are all within 1.1%.
Untersuchung der Korngröße und der Korngrößenverteilung von metallothermisch hergestelltem Zirkoniumpulver (1965)

Article Untersuchung der Korngröße und der Korngrößenverteilung von metallothermisch hergestelltem Zirkoniumpulver was published on March 1, 1965 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 56, issue 3).
High-impedance fault detection using multi-resolution signal decomposition and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (2007)

High-impedance faults (HIFs) on distribution systems create unique challenges to protection engineers. HIFs do not produce enough fault current to be detected by conventional overcurrent relays or fuses. A method for HIF detection based on the nonlinear behaviour of current waveforms is presented. Using this method, HIFs can be distinguished successfully from other similar waveforms such as nonlinear load currents, secondary current of saturated current transformers and inrush currents. A wavelet multi-resolution signal decomposition method is used for feature extraction. Extracted features are fed to an adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for identification and classification. The effect of choice of mother wavelet is also analysed by investigating a large number of wavelet families. Various simulation results, which are obtained using an appropriate model, are summarised and efficiency of the proposed algorithm for dependable and secure HIF detection is determined.
Treatment of theophylline poisoning with haemoperfusion. (1988)

Two patients who had taken overdoses of theophylline were treated initially with oral activated charcoal. Owing to continued toxic plasma levels of theophylline, haemoperfusion was used to reduce rapidly theophylline levels. Both patients recovered rapidly.
Hepatocyte transplantation in a 4-year-old girl with peroxisomal biogenesis disease: technique, safety, and metabolic follow-up1 (2003)

Hepatocyte transplantation is an investigational alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation to treat liver based inborn errors of metabolism. We report successful hepatocyte transplantation in a 4-year-old girl with infantile Refsum disease. Hepatocytes were isolated from the left liver segment of two male donors using a classic two-step perfusion method. Fresh cells were transplanted first and then cryopreserved cells, for a total of 2 billion cells. Total bile acids and abnormal dihydroxycoprostanoïc acid markedly decreased in the patient's serum, indicating resolution of cholestasis and re-population of liver cells. Pipecholic acid decreased by 40% and c26:c22 fatty acid ratio by 36% after 18 months. Donor chromosomes sequences were detected on biopsy posttransplant, indicating engraftment. Hepatocyte transplantation is a safe and promising technique in the treatment of rare inborn errors of metabolism. Future improvements of cell viability and prevention of apoptosis may increase engraftment and subsequent re-population.
12-NM Fin-FET 3.0G-Search/s 80-Bit × 128-Entry Dual-Port Ternary CAM (2018)

A new 20T bitcell for dual-port (DP) ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) is proposed. To reduce the search power, we newly introduced self-adjust reference match amplifier circuit with match-line (ML) equalizing technique. Search-line (SL) overdrive circuit is also proposed for boosting the search speed. We implement a 40-kbit DP TCAM using 12-nm Fin-FET technology. Measured data show that the total search power of proposed DP TCAM macro is 20% less than that of conventional one. A 3.0 G-search per second marks the world fastest operation with 8% area reduction.
Yield of mtDNA mutation analysis in 2,000 patients (1998)

The multiplex polymerase chain reaction–allele specific oligonucleotides (PCR/ASO) dot blot hybridization method was used to detect 44 mitochondrial DNA point mutations in 2,000 patients suspected as having mitochondrial DNA disorders. These point mutations are classified into four categories. Category I consists of primary disease-causing, heteroplasmic point mutations. Homoplasmic nucleotide substitutions that have been reported to be possibly disease associated are in Category II. Homoplasmic nucleotide substitutions that are thought to be benign polymorphism are included in category III. The novel nucleotide substitutions recently discovered in our laboratory by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis are in category IV. Frequencies of these 44 nucleotide substitutions in 2,000 patients and 262 control individuals were studied. The results indicated that analysis of 12 recurrent disease-causing point mutations in category I identified 5.4 % of the patients suspected as having mitochondrial DNA disorders. Since the mitochondrial disorders are a group of complex, heterogeneous, and multisystemic diseases, it is often difficult to confirm clinical diagnosis without molecular studies. Thus, the multiplex PCR/ASO method is an effective approach for initial screening of mtDNA mutations in patients suspected as having mitochondrial DNA disorders. Am. J. Med. Genet. 77:395–400, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.