gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high count rate position decoding and energy measuring method for nuclear cameras using Anger logic detectors (1998)

A new method for processing signals from Anger position-sensitive detectors used in gamma cameras and PET is proposed for very high count-rate imaging where multiple-event pileups are the norm. This method is designed to sort out and recover every impinging event from multiple-event pileups while maximizing the collection of scintillation signal for every event to achieve optimal accuracy in the measurement of energy and position. For every detected event, this method cancels the remnant signals from previous events, and excludes the pileup of signals from following events. The remnant subtraction is exact even for multiple pileup events. A prototype circuit for energy recovery demonstrated that the maximum count rates can be increased by more than 10 times comparing to the pulse-shaping method, and the energy resolution is as good as pulse shaping (or fixed integration) at low count rates. At 2/spl times/10/sup 6/ events/sec on NaI(Tl), the true counts acquired with this method is 3.3 times more than the delay-line clipping method (256 ns clipping) due to events recovered from pileups. Pulse-height spectra up to 3.5/spl times/10/sup 6/ events/sec have been studied. Monte Carlo simulation studies have been performed for image-quality comparisons between different processing methods.
High‐dose chemotherapy with busulphan and cyclophosphamide and bone‐marrow transplantation for drug‐sensitive malignancies in adults: a preliminary report (1989)

The technique of high-dose chemotherapy and bone-marrow transplantation takes advantage of any potential dose-response effect in the treatment of cancer and the ability of infused marrow to circumvent severe myelotoxicity. We report our initial experience of 20 high-dose chemotherapy procedures with busulphan and cyclophosphamide as the treatment regimen. Autologous (14 patients), human leukocyte antigen-matched, sibling-allogeneic (five patients) and identical-twin (one patient) transplantations were performed in patients with leukaemias (12 patients), lymphomas (seven patients) or a germ-cell tumour (one patient). One in-hospital and one late death occurred as a result of the toxicity of high-dose chemotherapy. All evaluable patients demonstrated bone-marrow engraftment and became independent of blood transfusions. Five of six patients who were treated in partial remission or relapse obtained a complete remission. Seven patients have relapsed. Eleven patients currently are alive and disease-free and nine patients have returned to their full-time occupations. High-dose chemotherapy can be undertaken with an over-all morbidity that is similar to that which is experienced during the induction chemotherapy of acute leukaemia.
Highly Stable Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Nanotubes for Electrically Switched Ion Exchange (2007)

Abstract Nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) nanotubes are fabricated by an electrokinetic method based on the distinct surface properties of porous anodic alumina. By this method, nanotubes can be formed rapidly with the morphologies faithfully replicating the nanopores in the template. The prepared nanotubes were carefully characterized using SEM and TEM. Results from IR, UV, EDX, and electrochemical measurements show that the NiHCF nanotubes exist only in the form of K 2 Ni[Fe(CN) 6 ]. Because of this single composition and unique nanostructure, NiHCF nanotubes show excellently stable cesium‐selective ion‐exchange ability. The capacity for electrodes modified with NiHCF nanotubes after 500 potential cycles retains 95.3 % of its initial value. Even after 1500 and 3000 cycles, the NiHCF nanotubes still retain 92.2 % and 82.9 %, respectively, of their ion‐exchange capacity.
Microstructured optical fibers: Enabling integrated tunability for dynamic photonic applications (2003)

We review fundamental properties of holey fibers and discuss emerging applications. In particular, emphasis is on novel photonic devices enabled by the unique microstructured cladding of these fibers, including tunable, switchable and highly nonlinear holey fiber. Recent results on tunable microfluidic holey fibers will be presented.
Microprocesses of metal dusting on nickel and Ni-base alloys (1997)

Microstructural and microchemical investigations were carried out on nickel and Inconel 600 after exposure to strongly carburizing atmospheres at temperatures of about 600 to 650°C to study their metal dusting behaviour. Contrary to iron and low-alloy steels, where metal dusting proceeds via the formation and disintegration of a metastable carbide M3C, both nickel and Inconel 600 directly disintegrate. Inside the metal this disintegration proceeds by formation of thin graphite filaments of nearly 10 nm in diameter, the atomic basal planes of which are oriented perpendicular to the surface thus effecting a high reactivity at the growth front. Subsequently, fine particles or larger parts of the metal surface layer are released, which are buried in the deposited graphite layer on the surface. In case of Inconel 600, containing Cr with mass contents of about 15%, the disintegration can be delayed by the formation of a chromium oxide layer, but no safe protection against metal dusting is obtained. Proben von Nickel und Inconel 600 wurden in aufkohlender Atmosphäre bei 600 bis 650°C getempert und anschließend zur Aufklärung ihres Metal Dusting Verhaltens mikrostrukturell und mikrochemisch untersucht. Während in Eisen und niedriglegierten Stählen der Schädigungsmechanismus über Bildung und Zerfall von metastabilen M3C-Carbiden verläuft, zerfallen Nickel und Inconel 600 dadurch, daß ca. 10 nm dünne Graphitfäden in das Metall hineinwachsen, wobei die atomaren Graphitbasisebenen senkrecht zur Metalloberfläche orientiert sind, was die hohe Reaktivität im Bereich der Wachstumsfront erklärt. Die bei diesem Prozeß frei werdenden Metallpartikel werden in die Graphitschicht eingelagert, die sich gleichzeitig auf der Oberfläche abscheidet. Im Falle von Inconel 600, das Massenanteile von 15% Cr enthält, kann der Metal Dusting Prozeß durch Bildung einer schützenden Chromoxidschicht verlangsamt, aber nicht vollständig verhindert werden.
The Reaction of Haloamines with Ketenes (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Haloamines with KetenesGeorge H. Coleman, Rolf L. Peterson, and Gilbert E. GoheenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 10, 1874–1876Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01301a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01301a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EFNS guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain: 2010 revision (2010)

There are still too few large-scale comparative studies. For future trials, we recommend to assess comorbidities, quality of life, symptoms and signs with standardized tools and attempt to better define responder profiles to specific drug treatments.
Efficient search engine measurements (2007)

We address the problem of measuring global quality met-rics of search engines, like corpus size, index freshness, anddensity of duplicates in the corpus. The recently proposedestimators for such metrics [2, 6] suffer from significant biasand/or poor performance, due to inaccurate approximationof the so called .document degrees..We present two new estimators that are able to overcomethe bias introduced by approximate degrees. Our estimatorsare based on a careful implementation of an approximateimportance sampling procedure. Comprehensive theoreti-cal and empirical analysis of the estimators demonstratesthat they have essentially no bias even in situations wheredocument degrees are poorly approximated.Building on an idea from [6], we discuss Rao Blackwelliza-tion as a generic method for reducing variance in searchengine estimators. We show that Rao-Blackwellizing ourestimators results in significant performance improvements,while not compromising accuracy.
Bispecific Antibody Conjugated Manganese-Based Magnetic Engineered Iron Oxide for Imaging of HER2/neu- and EGFR-Expressing Tumors (2015)

The overexpression of HER2/neu and EGFR receptors plays important roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Targeting these two receptors simultaneously can have a more widespread application in early diagnosis of cancers. In this study, a new multifunctional nanoparticles (MnMEIO-CyTE777-(Bis)-mPEG NPs) comprising a manganese-doped iron oxide nanoparticle core (MnMEIO), a silane-amino functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer shell, a near infrared fluorescence dye (CyTE777), and a covalently conjugated anti-HER2/neu and anti-EGFR receptors bispecific antibody (Bis) were successfully developed. In vitro T2-weighted MR imaging studies in SKBR-3 and A431 tumor cells incubated with MnMEIO-CyTE777-(Bis)-mPEG NPs showed - 94.8 ± 3.8 and - 84.1 ± 2.8% negative contrast enhancement, respectively. Pharmacokinetics study showed that MnMEIO-CyTE777-(Bis)-mPEG NPs were eliminated from serum with the half-life of 21.3 mins. In vivo MR imaging showed that MnMEIO-CyTE777-(Bis)-mPEG NPs could specifically and effectively target to HER2/neu- and EGFR-expressing tumors in mice; the relative contrast enhancements were 11.8 (at 2 hrs post-injection) and 61.5 (at 24 hrs post-injection) fold higher in SKBR-3 tumors as compared to Colo-205 tumors. T2-weighted MR and optical imaging studies revealed that the new contrast agent (MnMEIO-CyTE777-(Bis)-mPEG NPs) could specifically and effectively target to HER2/neu- and/or EGFR-expressing tumors. Our results demonstrate that MnMEIO-CyTE777-(Bis)-mPEG NPs are able to recognize the tumors expressing both HER2/neu and/or EGFR, and may provide a novel molecular imaging tool for early diagnosis of cancers expressing HER2/neu and/or EGFR.
Flibanserin (Addyi): The First FDA-Approved Treatment for Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder in Premenopausal Women. (2017)

Flibanserin (Addyi) for female sexual interest/arousal disorder in premenopausal women.
Monolithically integrated multiwavelength sampled grating DBR lasers for dense WDM applications (2000)

For accurate control of the channel spacing in fabricating multiwavelength laser arrays or discrete multicolor lasers, we proposed a novel approach that exploits sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors to vary the laser wave length across the wafer. This approach can realize a set of lasers with a wavelength spacing that meets the ITU recommendations for dense wavelength-division multiplexing systems and a wavelength range that can cover up to 40 nm or more. The wavelength variation across an array is achieved by changing the sampling periods of the DBR mirrors from laser to laser. The accuracy on the channel spacing of sampled grating DBR laser arrays was shown to be the same as that of conventional distributed feedback or DBR laser arrays, but their wavelengths can be better controlled for the gratings are fabricated with single holographic exposure. Arrays of 21 lasers have been successfully fabricated and have around 0.8-nm wavelength spacing with a simple tuning mechanism.
Quasicrystals step out of the shadows (2006)

Photonic quasicrystals, optical structures that are not strictly periodic but do show regular arrangements, are beginning to find applications beyond the laboratory. To understand them, one must first understand conventional photonic crystals. Materials Today investigates the foundations of quasicrystals and looks at where they might find use.
Synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubesby catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons (1999)

Individual single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and bundles can be obtained over different types of supported metal catalysts by decomposition of ethylene, similar to the synthesis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
Processing of mRNA from human leukocytes by biomagnetical separation: comparison with current methods of RNA isolation. (1999)

The article refers to the technique of biomagnetical separation (BS) of mRNA using "Dynabeads mRNA DIRECT". After a brief survey of RNA isolation methods authors describe a general procedure of BS as well as its concrete application for mRNA isolation from bronchoalveolar cells. Authors report results of specific experiments to assess the efficiency and accuracy of mRNA isolation by BS. The applicability of BS technique for the gene expression studies is discussed in the end of the article.
Visualizing Variability Models Using Hyperbolic Trees. (2011)

Abstract. Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) has emerged in recent years as a viable way to maximize reuse when designing a family of related products. One of the main tasks conducted during the SPLE process is Variability Management (VM). VM is about identifying commonality among the different products being developed while capturing and cataloging variability. In real-life projects, VM models tend to encompass a very large number of variants reaching in many projects the order of thousands. Visualizing these models has been a major challenge for tool developers. In this work, we present our MUSA CASE tool which uses hyperbolic trees for representing VM models and supports gesture based interaction (using multitouch interfaces). The tool has been successfully used to develop a large scale case study.
ASMPKS: an analysis system for modular polyketide synthases (2007)

ASMPKS has powerful computation features to aid modular PKS research. As various factors, such as starter units and post-processing, are related to polyketide biosynthesis, ASMPKS will be improved through further development for study of the factors.
The catalytic versatility of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. V. Kinetic studies of enzyme-catalyzed hydrations of aliphatic aldehydes (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe catalytic versatility of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. V. Kinetic studies of enzyme-catalyzed hydrations of aliphatic aldehydesYeshayau. Pocker and D. G. DickersonCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 5, 1995–2004Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00845a050https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00845a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of trabecular bone loss on cortical strain rate during impact in an in vitro model of avian femur (2006)

We conclude that in our in vitro avian model, loss of over 10% of core trabecular bone substantially altered the deformation response of whole bone to impact, which supports the above hypothesis and indicates that integrity of trabecular bone is critical for resisting impact loads.
Networked Displays for VR Applications: Display as a Service (2012)

Stereoscopic Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) in a tiled setup, so-called display walls, are rising as a replacement for the classic projection-based systems for Virtual Reality (VR) applications. They have numerous benefits over projectors, the only drawback being their maximum size, which is why VR applications usually resort to using tiled display walls. Problems of display walls are the obvious bezels between single displays making up the wall and, most importantly, the complicated pipeline to display synchronized content across all participating screens. This becomes especially crucial when we are dealing with active-stereo content, where precisely timed display of the left and right stereo channels across the entire display area is essential. Usually, these scenarios require a variety of expensive, specialized hardware, which makes it difficult for such wall setups to spread more widely. In this paper, we present our service-oriented architecture Display as a Service (DaaS), which uses a virtualization approach to shift the problem of pixel distribution from specialized hardware to a generic software. DaaS provides network-transparent virtual framebuffers (VFBs) for pixel-producing applications to write into and virtual displays (VDs), which potentially span multiple physical displays making up a display wall, to present generated pixels on. Our architecture assumes network-enabled displays with integrated processing capabilities, such that all communication for pixel transport and synchronization between VFBs and VDs can happen entirely over IP networking using standard video streaming and Internet protocols. We show the feasibility of our approach in a heterogeneous use case scenario, evaluate latency and synchronization accuracy, and give an outlook for more potential applications in the field of VR.
Graphene-Based Multilayers Constructed from Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Techniques (2014)

This paper reviews the recent research and development of graphene-based multilayers fabricated from layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. Graphene multilayer films, due to their excellent performances and specific applications, have attracted widespread attention during recent decades. In this paper, the preparation and property of self-assembled graphene multilayer films are introduced. The application of different graphene multilayer films in transparent conducting films (TCFs), field effect transistors (FETs), lithium ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors, and solar cells are summarized and discussed. The perspectives for the future developments of self-assembled graphene multilayer films are proposed.
Prioritized SMT Architecture with IPC Control Method for Real-Time Processing (2007)

This paper describes a novel processor architecture, the prioritized SMT architecture with the IPC control method, to guarantee the execution time of real-time threads. Based on priority set by a real-time scheduler, all hardware resources including cache systems, fetch, issue, and execution units, are controlled, so that our processor can execute multiple threads in real-time. All runnable threads are simultaneously executed as much as possible in priority order, so that the execution order becomes congruent with the priority order set by a real-time scheduler. If a resource conflict occurs, the lower priority threads are kept waiting until the higher priority thread finishes using the resource. In brief, context switching required for real-time scheduling and execution is converted to the prioritized SMT execution. Here, some triggers including cache misses and branch prediction misses fluctuate the execution speed of a thread. Additionally, in case of an SMT processor, the execution time of each thread may vary according to a combination of simultaneous executing threads. To guarantee the execution time of real-time threads accurately, the IPC control method that monitors and controls each thread IPC in a feedback loop is designed and implemented. Our IPC control method can keep the IPC deviation of the thread within plusmn1% bounds, if the target IPC is less than 80% of the single thread execution IPC. Our processor is implemented as a processing core of a system LSI, which process was TSMC 0.13 mum 8 layered Cu wiring, used for distributed real-time systems including humanoid robots, bilateral robots, embedded control systems, and ubiquitous computing systems
New channels for stimulated emission of Pr/sup 3 +/ ions in tetragonal fluorides LiRF/sub 4/ with the structure of scheelite (1988)

The authors determined the conditions for crystallization and growth by the Stockbarger-Bridgman method of single-crystals of LiYF/sub 4/ LiYbF/sub 4/, and LiLuF/sub 4/ as well as their solid solutions (LiY/sub 0.5/Yb/sub 0.5/F/sub 4/ and LiYb/sub 0.5/Lu/sub 0.5/F/sub 4/) with Pr/sup 3 +/ ions. They measured the absorption-luminescence characteristics of these compounds, excited stimulated emission (SE) in two lasting channels of the activator (/sup 3/P/sub 0/ ..-->.. /sup 1/G/sub 4/ and /sup 1/G/sub 4/ ..-->.. /sup 3/H/sub 5/) using the standard flash-lamp technique, and performed spectroscopic identification of all recorded inter-stark induced transitions. There are now 26 channels of SE on Ln/sup 3 +/ ions in tetragonal fluorides LiRF/sub 4/ with the scheelite structure, lasting on which is excited by radiation from gas-discharge lamps.
Snoring and Sleep Architecture (1991)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether snoring adversely affects sleep architecture and sleep efficiency, and thus may account for the frequent complaints of daytime tiredness and fatigue expressed by heavy snorers. We recruited eight self-confessed heavy snorers and six self-confessed nonsnorers. All subjects had full nocturnal polysomnography, including continuous monitoring of snoring, which was quantified by counting the number of snores per hour of sleep (snoring index), the number of snores per minute of snoring time (snoring frequency), maximal and mean nocturnal sound intensity (dBmax and dBmean, respectively). We found that even the self-confessed nonsnorers snored lightly, with significantly smaller frequency and index than the heavy snorers. Sleep architecture was similar in both groups. Distribution of snoring among the sleep stages differed for light and heavy snorers: light snorers snored uniformly throughout all sleep stages, whereas heavy snorers tended to snore more during slow-wave and REM sleep. Snoring frequency and snoring index were similar during all sleep stages in light snorers, but they were higher during slow-wave sleep in heavy snorers. Wakefulness time after sleep onset and sleep efficiency correlated significantly with the snoring index. We conclude that although snoring does not affect sleep architecture in general, it influences sleep efficiency and wakefulness time after sleep onset; this may have an adverse effect on daytime function of heavy snorers.
A Postanesthetic Recovery Score (1970)

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Medical Center and the Veterans Administration Hospital, Denver, Colorado. Dr. Aldrete's present address: University of Miami Medical School, Miami, Florida 33136. Read at the 44th Congress of the International Anesthesia Research Society, March 15–19, 1970, Palm Springs, California.