gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interspecific Hybridization between Eggplant and Wild Relatives from Different Genepools (2016)

Wild relatives represent a source of variation for many traits of interest for eggplant ( Solanum melongena ) breeding, as well as for broadening the genetic base of this crop. However, interspecific hybridization with wild relatives has been barely used in eggplant breeding programs. As initiation of an introgression breeding program we performed 1424 interspecific hybridizations between six accessions of eggplant from the Occidental and Oriental groups and 19 accessions of 12 wild species from the primary ( Solanum incanum and Solanum insanum ), secondary ( Solanum anguivi , Solanum dasyphyllum , Solanum lichtensteinii , Solanum linnaeanum , Solanum pyracanthos , Solanum tomentosum , and Solanum violaceum ), and tertiary ( Solanum elaeagnifolium , Solanum sisymbriifolium , and Solanum torvum ) genepools. Fruit set, hybrid seed, and seed germination were obtained between Solanum melongena and all wild species of the primary and secondary genepools. The highest fruit set percentage and quantity of seeds per fruit were obtained with the two primary genepool species S. incanum and S. insanum as well as with some secondary genepool species, like S. anguivi , S. dasyphyllum , or S. lichtensteinii , although some differences among species were observed depending on the direction of the hybridization. For small-fruited wild species, the number of seeds per fruit was lower when using them as maternal parent. Regarding tertiary genepool species, fruit set was obtained only in interspecific hybridizations of eggplant with S. sisymbriifolium and S. torvum , although the fruit of the former were parthenocarpic. However, it was possible to rescue viable interspecific hybrids with S. torvum . In total we obtained 58 interspecific hybrid combinations (excluding reciprocals) between eggplant and wild relatives. Some differences were observed among S. melongena accessions in the degree of success of interspecific hybridization, so that the number of hybrid combinations obtained for each accession ranged between 7 (MEL2) and 16 (MEL1). Hybridity of putative interspecific hybrid plantlets was confirmed with a morphological trait (leaf prickliness) and 12 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The results show that eggplant is amenable to interspecific hybridization with a large number of wild species, including tertiary genepool materials. These hybrid materials are the starting point for introgression breeding in eggplant and in some cases might also be useful as rootstocks for eggplant grafting.
Mutants of Single Chain Interleukin 5 Show Asymmetric Recruitment of Receptor α and βc Subunits (1996)

Dual asymmetric mutagenesis of single-chain interleukin 5 (scIL5) was used to obtain evidence that the normally homodimeric IL5 molecule, which contains two 4-helix bundle domains arranged symmetrically about a 2-fold axis, can recruit receptor alpha and betac subunits asymmetrically. Functionally active scIL5 was constructed using recombinant DNA methods by linking two IL5 monomers with a Gly-Gly linker. Mutants were constructed at residues Arg91, Glu110, and Trp111, previously shown to be involved in IL5 receptor alpha chain binding, and at residue Glu13, known to be involved in signal transduction presumably through interaction with the receptor betac chain. Mutants were examined for receptor alpha chain binding by an optical biosensor assay and for bioactivity using a cell proliferation assay. Substitution of the two binding site residues R91 and W111 in the same 4-helix bundle domain caused a 5-fold greater reduction in receptor binding affinity than when the two substitutions were distributed one in each domain. Substitution of E13 and R91 either in the same or in opposite domains gave comparable IL5Ralpha chain binding kinetics, essentially unchanged from those of scIL5. However, in contrast to the binding affinity pattern observed with R91A/W111A dual mutants, distributing the E13A/R91A mutations between the two 4-helix bundle domains caused a 5-6-fold greater loss of bioactivity than when the two changes were in the same domain, leaving the other domain unaltered. Taken with previous mutagenesis data, these results are consistent with a single shared-site model of IL5-IL5Ralpha chain recognition in which a single alpha chain can orientate in either of two modes, each one of which is stabilized preferentially by one of the two 4-helix bundles of IL5. Furthermore, the results suggest that a single betac molecule is activated for each IL5, through the Glu13 residue on the same helix bundle domain that dominates the IL5Ralpha interaction.
Simulating Vision of Older People for the Design of On-board Visual Displays (1997)

In this paper, we propose a new approach to designing visual displays for older people based on a human vision model. We have developed a system to simulate a human vision using image processing techniques. The model is represented by three vision properties; the contrast sensitivity of eyes, the spectral transmittance of crystalline lens and the accommodation. which are found in the visual science literature.In order to compensate deteriorations of human vision with age, the image enhancements by sharpening edges and by changing color balance are used.Simulated results are shown in the application of automotive displays, including a navigation system and a speedometer. And the improvement of visibility has been obtained in the subjective experiment using compensated images for various age groups.
Depletion of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells suppresses the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in Lewis rats (1995)

To understand the role of CD8+ T cells in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), CD8+ T cells were depleted by injecting a monoclonal anti-rat CD8 antibody (OX8) into Lewis rats immunized with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). CD8-depleted EAMG rats showed strikingly less muscle weakness and lower anti-AChR IgG antibody levels compared to Hy2-15-injected control EAMG rats. Moreover, the numbers of AChR-specific IgG antibody-secreting cells, AChR-reactive interferon-gamma-secreting T helper type 1-like cells and lymphocyte proliferation to AChR were lower in the CD8-depleted group than in control EAMG rats. These differences were significant among mononuclear cells from inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, but not from thymus when examined 3, 5 and 7 weeks post-immunization. We suggest that CD8+ T cells are involved in the induction and persistance of EAMG by directly or indirectly affecting AChR-reactive T cells and anti-AChR IgG antibody-secreting cells.
The Palmetto Book (2021)

Jono Miller. 2021. The Palmetto Book. (ISBN-13: 978-0-8130-6680-6, hbk). University Press of Florida, 2046 NE Waldo Road, Suite 2100, Gainesville, Florida 32609, U.S.A. (Orders: upress.ufl.edu). $28.00 US, 312 pp., black and white photos, notes, index, 6.25 × 9.5.
Facilitating mother-infant communication: A treatment model for high-risk and developmentally-delayed infants (1983)

The relationship between mother-infant interaction and interactive communication competence in high-risk and developmentally-delayed children is examined and an inter vention program that attempts to optimize mother-infant interaction is described. Interaction patterns in populations with atypical infants are consistently found to be different from those in families with normally developing infants. The risk and delayed infants show fewer, less intense, and developmentally-delayed social responses and their mothers compensate with more frequent and often intensive forms of social interaction. An intervention model is presented that (1) evaluates the mother on a hierarchy of interaction styles that range from low to high levels of sensitivity and (2) modifies interaction style through the use of easy-to-learn techniques with the goal of moving the mother to an optimal level in the defined hierarchy of social behavior.
Drug Targeting <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Cell Wall Synthesis: Development of a Microtiter Plate-Based Screen for UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase and Identification of an Inhibitor from a Uridine-Based Library (2002)

A microtiter plate assay for UDP-galactopyranose mutase, an essential cell wall biosynthetic enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was developed. The assay is based on the release of tritiated formaldehyde from UDP-galactofuranose but not UDP-galactopyranose by periodate and was used to identify a uridine-based enzyme inhibitor from a chemical library.
Effect of nitrogen on the electronic band structure of group III-N-V alloys (2000)

We have studied optical transitions at the \ensuremath{\Gamma} and L points of the Brillouin zone of ${\mathrm{GaN}}_{x}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{y}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ alloys using photomodulation spectroscopy. For ${\mathrm{GaN}}_{x}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ with N contents between 0% and 2%, the N-induced shift of the conduction-band L minima is found to be only a fraction of the conduction-band edge shift at the \ensuremath{\Gamma} point. The measurements of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{y}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ further show that there is no correlation between the location of the X conduction-band minima and the observed ${E}_{+}$ and ${E}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ transitions. The results demonstrate that the N-induced interactions between extended \ensuremath{\Gamma}, L, and X conduction-band states do not play a significant role in modification of the conduction-band structure of III-N-V alloys. The N-induced change of the conduction-band structure is predominantly influenced by the anticrossing interaction between the extended states of the \ensuremath{\Gamma} conduction band and the localized states of nitrogen.
Synthesis and Analysis of a Group of 3-Degree-of-Freedom Partially Decoupled Parallel Manipulators (2004)

The kinematics decoupling for parallel manipulators is studied in this paper. Based on the topological structure characteristics of parallel mechanisms, the internal relationship between kinematics decoupling and basic kinematics chains is revealed, and the basic principle for structural synthesis of topologically decoupled mechanisms is put forward. Using this theory, a group of 3 degree-of-freedom (DOF) partially decoupled manipulators are synthesized. The expected kinematic outputs of these manipulators are 1-DOF translation and 2-DOF rotation, and motions along or about undesired directions do not exist. The kinematics analysis of a newly synthesized manipulator is discussed and the results indicate that the decoupling property of these architectures makes possible reaching real time control and path planning of parallel manipulators.
Einleitung (1988)

Mit diesem Buch möchten wir im Rahmen unserer Buchreihe Software Training das Anwendungsprogramm Chart vorstellen.
Is there a ‘gut–brain–skin axis’? (2010)

Emerging evidence arising from interdisciplinary research supports the occurrence of communication axes between organs, such as the brain-gut or brain-skin axis. The latter is employed in response to stress challenge, along which neurogenic skin inflammation and hair growth inhibition is mediated. We now show that ingestion of a Lactobacillus strain in mice dampens stress-induced neurogenic skin inflammation and the hair growth inhibition. In conclusion, we are introducing a hypothesis, encouraged by our pilot observations and resting upon published prior evidence from the literature, which amalgamates previously proposed partial concepts into a new, unifying model, i.e. the gut-brain-skin axis. This concept suggests that modulation of the microbiome by deployment of probiotics can not only greatly reduce stress-induced neurogenic skin inflammation but even affect a very complex cutaneous phenomenon of (mini-) organ transformation, i.e. hair follicle cycling. These observations raise the intriguing prospect that feeding of just the right kind of bacteria can exert profound beneficial effects on skin homoeostasis, skin inflammation, hair growth and peripheral tissue responses to perceived stress.
Normal oxygen saturation values in pediatric patients. (2005)

Although OSAT of 95% and 96% are adequate (i.e., not requiring acute oxygen therapy), these values are associated with higher rates of APC/RI involvement and thus should be considered potentially abnormal. OSAT of 97% is on the border of normal. Normal OSATs can occur with APC/RI conditions, but an OSAT less than 97% is associated with a higher risk of an APC/RI condition.
Two distinct azurins function in the electron-transport chain of the obligate methylotroph <i>Methylomonas</i> J (1989)

Methylomonas J is an obligate methylotroph although it is unable to grow on methane. Like Pseudomonas AM1, it produces two blue copper proteins when growing on methylamine, one of which is the recipient of electrons from the methylamine dehydrogenase. When grown on methanol, only the other blue copper protein is produced. We have determined the amino acid sequences of these blue copper proteins, and show that they are both true azurins. The sequences are clearly homologous to those of the proteins characterized from fluorescent pseudomonads and various species of Alcaligenes, and can be aligned with them and with each other without the need to postulate any internal insertions or deletions in the sequences. The iso-1 azurin, the one produced during both methanol and methylamine growth, shows 59-65% identity with these other azurins, whereas the iso-2 protein shows only 47-53% identity. The proteins show 52% identity with each other. The two functionally equivalent blue copper proteins from Pseudomonas AM1 belong to two sequence classes that are quite distinct from the true azurins. Detailed evidence for the amino acid sequences of the proteins has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50151 (23 pages) at the British Library Document Supply Centre, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1989) 257, 5.
Photoremovable Protecting Groups in DNA Synthesis and Microarray Fabrication (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Photoremovable Groups used in Conventional Nucleic Acid Synthesis The Photolithographic Method for Microarray Fabrication Background – Polypeptide Microarrays Early DNA Microarray Studies Methods to Assess Chemical Reactions on DNA Microarrays Protecting Groups Nitrobenzyl Groups Dimethoxybenzoin Carbonate Groups (Nitrophenylpropyloxy)carbonyl Groups Other Photoremovable Protecting Groups Photoacids with DMTr Groups The Future Multiphoton Sensitive Protecting Groups Direct Write Microarray Fabrication Systems
Modifications on the heterocyclic base of acyclovir: syntheses and antiviral properties (1985)

A group of compounds was prepared in which variations of the ring portion of the acyclovir (ACV) structure were made. These modifications included monocyclic (isocytosine, triazole, imidazole), bicyclic (8-azapurine, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) and tricyclic (linear benzoguanine) congeners. The derivatives were evaluated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by the plaque-inhibition and plaque-reduction methods with only the 8-azapurine analogue 28 showing some activity. In a test measuring the ability of these compounds to inhibit the HSV-1 thymidine kinase, 28 and the tricyclic derivative 38 exhibited competition with ACV for binding to the enzyme. The inability of the group to exert significant antiherpetic action is attributed to their lack of phosphorylation to the requisite triphosphate stage.
Finite-time and Asymptotic Convergence of Distributed Averaging and Maximizing Algorithms (2012)

In this paper, we formulate and investigate a generalized consensus algorithm which makes an attempt to unify distributed averaging and maximizing algorithms considered in the literature. Each node iteratively updates its state as a time-varying weighted average of its own state, the minimal state, and the maximal state of its neighbors. We prove that finite-time consensus is almost impossible for averaging under this uniform model. Both time-dependent and state-dependent graphs are considered, and various necessary and/or sufficient conditions are presented on the consensus convergence. For time-dependent graphs, we show that quasi-strong connectivity is critical for averaging, as is strong connectivity for maximizing. For state-dependent graphs defined by a $μ$-nearest-neighbor rule, where each node interacts with its $μ$ nearest smaller neighbors and the $μ$ nearest larger neighbors, we show that $μ+1$ is a critical threshold on the total number of nodes for the transit from finite-time to asymptotic convergence for averaging, in the absence of node self-confidence. The threshold is $2μ$ if each node chooses to connect only to neighbors with unique values. Numerical examples illustrate the tightness of the conditions. The results characterize some fundamental similarities and differences between distributed averaging and maximizing algorithms.
Synthesis and Properties of Boron Nitride (1990)

Coverage includes: thin films; semiconductors; gallium arsenide; friction-reducing coatings; and tribological properties.
Comprehensive reform of community health service in east, middle and west regions of China: from patients’ perspective (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To analyze the satisfaction of patients with community health service (CHS) and the changes of the CHS delivered before and after the new health reform in different regions of China, and to put forward relevant policy recommendations for CHS development. <h3>Methods</h3> Twelve community health centers were selected by random sampling in each of the eight typical cities in the east, middle and west regions of China. Questionnaire survey was conducted among patients visiting these institutions during daily work hours. <h3>Results</h3> The proportions of the participants who stated that the medical environment, service attitude and medical skills of the doctors were improved were higher in the west region than those of the east and middle regions; but the percentage of patients who held that the drug price had lowered was higher in the east region than those of the middle and west region, the differences were of statistical significance (<i>P</i><0.0125). The patients’ satisfaction rates with medical environment, service attitude, and technical skills of the medical staff in the west region were 88.9%, 91.5% and 81.6% respectively, which were higher than those in the east and middle regions. In the east region, the satisfaction rate with the reimbursement for this visit was 58.5%, which was highest among the three regions; in the west region, patients’ satisfaction rates with drug types and preventive care were 51.5% and 65.9%, respectively, which was significantly higher than those in the east and middle regions (<i>P</i><0.0125). As recommended by the participants, the top three aspects of health services that need to be improved were drug type and quality (25.3%), drug prices (21.8%) and technical skills (18.2%) in the east region; infrastructure (28.2%), drug prices (21.8%) and drug types and quality (21.2%) in the middle region; infrastructure (30.8%), drug types and quality (28.1%) and reimbursement (27.9%) in the west region. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The comprehensive CHS reform should take the opinions of patients into account; essential drug system should be consolidated continually; and the reform of the payment system should be promoted by actively cooperating with the health insurance organizations.
Platinum Nanoparticles from the Hydrosilylation Reaction:  Capping Agents, Physical Characterizations, and Electrochemical Properties (2004)

Platinum nanoparticles synthesized by a unique synthetic approach, the hydrosilylation reaction, have been reported previously. However, the interaction between the underlying platinum nanosupport and the capping agents is poorly understood. Here we continue to investigate Pt nanoparticles from the hydrosilylation reaction to address this issue and present the characterization results of nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These characterization results conclude that two different modes of binding of the aliphatic capping agents with the platinum surface are attributed to the formation of Pt-C bonds under excess olefin concentration and Pt-Si bonds under excess hydrosilane concentration. Morphology and UV-vis spectra of the platinum nanoparticles were explored by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Moreover, electrochemical properties of the platinum nanoparticles were also studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.
Coexpression of Interleukin-12 Chains by a Self-Splicing Vector Increases the Protective Cellular Immune Response of DNA and<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>BCG Vaccines against<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2002)

More effective vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis may contribute to the control of this major human pathogen. DNA vaccines encoding single mycobacterial proteins stimulate antimycobacterial T-cell responses and induce partial protection against M. tuberculosis in animal models. The protective efficacy of these vaccines encoding a single antigen, however, has been less than that afforded by the current vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The heterodimeric cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) potentiates the induction and maintenance of the type 1 helper T-cell response. We have developed a novel self-splicing vector based on the 2A protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus that permits the coordinate expression of both chains of IL-12 (p2AIL12). Coimmunization with this vector and DNA expressing M. tuberculosis antigen 85B or MPT64 enhanced the specific lymphocyte proliferative response and increased the frequency of specific gamma interferon-secreting T cells against the whole protein and a defined CD8(+) T-cell epitope on MPT64. Further, coimmunizing with p2AIL12 significantly increased the protective efficacy of DNA-85 in the lung against an aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis to the level achieved with BCG. Therefore, codelivery of an IL-12-secreting plasmid may be a potent strategy for enhancing the protective efficacy of vaccines against M. tuberculosis.
Lasers and aviation safety (2009)

When laser beams intersect an aircraft’s path, a hazard can result. There are four primary areas of concern: distraction, glare, and temporary flashblindness (for visible laser wavelengths only) and eye injuries (for all laser wavelengths). The threat level depends on factors including: type and power of the laser, how the laser is operated, day vs. night, aircraft motion and distance, flight phase, pilot workload and pilot awareness of laser hazards. There are two primary ways to minimize or eliminate these hazards: careful and responsible laser use on the ground to avoid aircraft, and pilot knowledge of procedures to follow in case of accidental or deliberate laser exposure. Since the early 1990s, the industry group SAE G-10T Laser Safety Hazards Subcommittee has developed guidance for laser users and aviation regulators. Responsible laser users have followed governmental reporting procedures derived from SAE recommendations. These include U.S. FAA Order 7400.2 and U.K. CAA CAP 736. The threat to aviation is now primarily due to irresponsible users of low-cost, high-visibility, hard-to-regulate laser pointers. Helicopters especially may be at risk, although they also have the ability to track rogue pointer users. The number and nature of incidents has led to a ban, or proposed ban, on laser pointers in some jurisdictions. Also, those who misuse laser pointers are at risk from arrest and even jail time; a number of people have already been caught and prosecuted.