gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced room temperature mobilities and reduced parallel conduction in hydrogen passivated Si/SiGe heterostructures (1998)

The effect of hydrogen passivation on the room temperature mobility and density is studied on n-type /strained Si modulation-doped structures. Room temperature carrier densities reduced by an order of magnitude while a threefold maximum increase in mobility was observed. By using a two-carrier analysis, it was found that, apart from parallel conduction passivation, the hydrogenation process also improves the channel mobility directly. Plasma and electrolytic hydrogenation were carried out on samples with different spacer thicknesses and mobilities. The plasma method of hydrogenation was found to be more effective when compared to the electrolytic technique. A successful removal of incorporated hydrogen and partial recovery of the control sample was shown by annealing the hydrogenated sample in vacuum at .
Application of sugarcane bagasse ash as a partial cement replacement material (2012)

Sugarcane bagasse ash is a byproduct of sugar factories found after burning sugarcane bagasse which itself is found after the extraction of all economical sugar from sugarcane. The disposal of this material is already causing environmental problems around the sugar factories. On the other hand, the boost in construction activities in the country created shortage in most of concrete making materials especially cement, resulting in an increase in price. This study examined the potential use of sugarcane bagasse ash as a partial cement replacement material. In this study, bagasse ash sample was collected from Wonji sugar factory and its chemical properties were investigated. The bagasse ash was then ground until the particles passing the 63μm sieve size reach about 85% and the specific surface area about 4716 cm 2 /gm. Ordinary Portland cement and Portland Pozzolana cement were replaced by ground bagasse ash at different percentage ratios. Normal consistency and setting time of the pastes containing Ordinary Portland cement and bagasse ash from 5% to 30% replacement were investigated. The compressive strengths of different mortars with bagasse ash addition were also investigated. Four different C-35 concrete mixes with bagasse ash replacements of 0%, 5%, 15% and 25% of the Ordinary Portland cement were prepared with water to cement ratio of 0.55 and cement content of 350kg/m 3 for the control mix. The test results indicated that up to 10% replacement of cement by bagasse ash results in better or similar concrete properties and further environmental and economical advantages can also be exploited by using bagasse ash as a partial cement replacement material. Keywords: Bagasse ash, Pozzolanic material, Normal consistency, Setting time, Compressive strength, Water penetration depth.
Minimization of Energy Losses in the Traction Drive of HEV Using Optimized Adaptive Control (2014)

This paper proposes a simulation model of an adaptive optimal control strategy for the traction drive of the hybrid electric vehicle. The control unit has to ensure the stability of the power network at different operating conditions. Moreover, the optimal design of the controller is required for the power management in order to reduce the energy losses during acceleration and braking processes. The traction drive is a variable speed drive with a three-phase externally excited synchronous machine operating in both the motoring mode and the generation mode. A voltage source inverter is utilized in order to control the machine in the motoring operation and to obtain the DC power when the machine is operated as a generator during the regenerative braking. The control unit guarantees a robust operation at different rotor speeds and at different load conditions.
Facial cosmetics database and impact analysis on automatic face recognition (2013)

Facial cosmetics, also called makeup, may change the appearance of a face that we could perceive. In order to contribute to studies in image processing related to facial cosmetics, a database is built which contains multiple images per person with and without applied cosmetics. Annotations provide detailed information about the amount and location of applied makeup for each picture. Furthermore, a classification approach is presented. The classification approach takes the altering effect of the applied cosmetics and the application area into account. Since automatic face recognition evolved to an important topic over the last decades and is affected by facial cosmetics, preliminary tests are done to evaluate their impact on automatic face recognition. The face as a whole as well as its most significant makeup application areas that are skin, eyes and mouth are investigated separately.
A Novel Symbol Interleaver Address Generation Architecture for DVB-T Modulator (2006)

A new algorithm along with its hardware scheme has been proposed for consecutive generation of the symbol addresses involved in the symbol interleaving process of a digital video broadcast terrestrial (DVB-T) standard modulator. Advantages achieved through the utilization of this architecture in a DVB-T modulator design outperforms the one presented in the DVB-T standard. Using this technique the large buffer memory preceding the symbol interleaving block is avoided. In addition no further increase in the input bit rate of the modulator is needed. The design has also been implemented in FPGA. For further verification the design was also embedded in a real DVB-T modulator
Masking of X-values by Use of a Hierarchically Configurable Register (2009)

In this paper we consider the test of large circuits. Due to the increasing number of scan chains of industrial designs and due to the limited recourses of the ATE-equipment the compression ratio of the test responses increases. A second issue are undefined states (X-values). In the presence of X-values during test a considerable number of the scan cells cannot be observed at the compressed outputs. We present a new hierarchical two-step method of X-masking to achieve a high observability of scan cells and to reduce the overhead for X-masking. For every scan-shift cycle the generated X-mask is either set to be active or not. By this method the number of X-values at the compacted outputs is considerably reduced. The remaining small number of X-values can be tolerated by an X-tolerant compactor. To implement this method a hierarchically configurable register is used.
A Fault Diagnosis Method of Insulator String Based on Infrared Image Feature Extraction and Probabilistic Neural Network (2017)

In view of the close relationship between insulator fault and surface temperature distribution, a detection method for insulator string is proposed combined infrared image segmentation and artificial neural network, which is based on the analysis of infrared image processing and fault diagnosis of artificial neural network. Firstly, the steel cap and the disk of insulator string are extracted according to their length characteristics, and then the temperature characteristics are calculated, finally, the fault diagnosis model of insulator string is established by probability neural network (PNN) according to the integral temperature distribution rule of a string insulator and the heating law of fault insulator. The K-means clustering method is introduced to eliminate the bad data and improve the accuracy of diagnosis when the temperature characteristics are calculated. The validity and accuracy of the proposed method are verified in the application of 500kV substation insulator string state detection.
Between Testing and Verification: Dynamic Software Model Checking (2016)

Dynamic software model checking consists of adapting model checking into a form of systematic testing that is applicable to industrial-size software. Over the last two decades, dozens of tools following this paradigm have been developed for checking concurrent and data-driven software. Compared to traditional software testing, dynamic software model checking provides better coverage, but is more computationally expensive. Compared to more general forms of program verification like interactive theorem proving, this approach provides more limited verification guarantees, but is cheaper due to its higher level of automation. Dynamic software model checking thus offers an attractive practical trade-off between testing and formal verification. This paper presents a brief introduction to dynamic software model checking.
Clinical Implications of Genetic Defects in G Proteins: The Molecular Basis of McCune-Albright Syndrome and Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy (1996)

Inactivating and activating mutations in the gene encoding G alpha s (GNAS1) are known to be the basis for 2 well-described contrasting clinical disorders, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) and McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS). AHO is an autosomal dominant disorder due to germline mutations in GNAS1 that decrease expression or function of G alpha s protein. Loss of G alpha s function leads to tissue resistance to multiple hormones whose receptors couple to G alpha s. By contrast, MAS results from postzygotic somatic mutations in GNAS1 that lead to enhanced function of G alpha s protein. Acquisition of the activating mutation early in life leads to a more generalized distribution of the mosaicism and is associated with the classic clinical triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, endocrine hyperfunction, and café au lait skin lesions described in MAS. Acquisition of a similar activating mutation in GNAS1 later in life presumably accounts for the restricted distribution of the gsp oncogene, and is associated with the development of isolated lesions (for example, fibrous dysplasia, pituitary or thyroid tumors) without other manifestations of MAS. Tissues that are affected by loss of G alpha s function in AHO are also affected by gain of G alpha s function in MAS, thus identifying specific tissues in which the second messenger cAMP plays a dominant role in cell growth, proliferation, or function. Further investigations of the functions of G alpha s and other members of the GTPase binding protein family will provide more insight into the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of human disease.
Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology for Amine Synthesis under Solvent-Free Microwave Conditions (2011)

Application of microwave heating to the Borrowing Hydrogen strategy to form C-N bonds from alcohols and amines is presented, removing the need for solvent and reducing the reaction times while still yielding results comparable with those using thermal heating.
The immune response to influenza vaccines. (1990)

Specific immunity to influenza is associated with a systemic immune response (serum haemagglutination inhibition antibody), local respiratory immune response (virus-specific local IgA and IgG antibodies in nasal wash), and with the cell-mediated immune response. Both inactivated and live influenza vaccines induce virus-specific serum antibody which can protect against infection with influenza virus possessing the same antigenic specificity. In the absence of serum antibodies, local antibodies in nasal wash are a major determinant of resistance to infection with influenza virus. In comparative studies in humans it was shown that nasal secretory IgA develops chiefly after immunization with live cold-adapted (CA) vaccine, but persistent nasal secretory IgG was detected in both CA live and inactivated vaccines. The origin of nasal wash haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies is not completely known. Recently it was found that cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) play an important role in immunity against influenza and in clearance of influenza virus from the body. In primed humans, inactivated influenza vaccine stimulates a cross-reactive T-cell response, whereas the ability of inactivated vaccine to stimulate such immunity in unprimed humans has not been determined. Data on the T-cell response to live vaccine in humans are limited to the development of secondary T-cell responses in primed individuals vaccinated with a host-range (HR) attenuated vaccine. The data obtained have shown that immunity induced by inactivated influenza vaccines is presumably dependent on the stimulation of serum antibody. Live CA vaccines not only stimulate a durable serum antibody response, but also induce long-lasting local respiratory tract IgA antibody that plays an important role in host protection.
Properties and Mechanisms of LTP Maintenance (2003)

Memory is fundamentally important to everyday life, and memory loss has devastating consequences to individuals and society. Understanding the neurophysiological and cellular basis of memory paves the way for gaining insights into the molecular steps involved in memory formation, thereby revealing potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases. For three decades, long-term potentiation (LTP) has been the gold standard synaptic model for mammalian memory mechanisms, in large part because of its long-lasting nature. Here, the authors summarize the characteristics of LTP persistence in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, comparing this with other hippocampal subregions and neocortex. They consider how long LTP can last and how its persistence is affected by subsequent behavioral experiences. Next, they review the molecular mechanisms known to contribute to LTP induction and persistence, in particular the role of new gene expression and protein synthesis and how they may be associated with potential structural reorganization of the synapse. A temporal schema for the processes important for consolidating LTP into a persistent form is presented. The parallels between the molecular aspects of LTP and memory strongly support the continuation with LTP as a model system for studying the mechanisms underlying long-term memory consolidation and retention.
Preparation and reactivity of unsymmetrical di- and trisulfides (2006)

Triphenylmethanesulfenyl chloride TrSCl (6) and triphenylmethanethiosulfenyl chloride TrSSCl (7) react with various thiols RSH to give the corresponding unsymmetrical polysulfides TrSSR 9 and TrSSSR 10, respectively. Compounds 9 and 10 were obtained in excellent yield and identified by 1H- and 13C-NMR as well as by elemental analysis. p-Methoxybenzyl trityl trisulfide 10c was characterized by X-ray crystallography. Preliminary experiments showed an interesting reactivity of trisulfides TrSSSR 10 with electrophiles to give polysulfides RSXR; the use of elemental iodine results in the formation of the corresponding hexasulfides RS6R, 15 in high yield and with higher than 90% selectivity.
Social Determinants and Regional Disparity of Unemployment Duration in Australia: A Multilevel Approach (2011)

The economic and social costs associated with unproductive time spent in labour market transitions between jobs and between unemployment and employment have been the subject of recent policy debate. There is now broad support for policies that provide both positive and negative incentives to those on unemployment benefits to influence relocation decisions to areas of better labour market opportunities. In this paper we examine the social determinants of time to exit from unemployment to employment and variation across functional economic regions, separately for men and women. Taking a life-course approach and using the first eight waves of the <i>Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia</i> (HILDA) Survey we allow individuals to experience repeated episodes of unemployment over time by estimating a multilevel discrete-time event history model for the hazard of exit from unemployment. The model has a three-level hierarchical structure with episodes of unemployment nested within individuals, and individuals are themselves nested within regions. This enables an assessment of unobserved heterogeneity in unemployment duration among individuals and also among functional economic regions. The dataset is based on the <i>HILDA</i> employment calendar reporting schedule which collects information at three time points each month, matched to the dates of life transitions reported in the annual survey, and annual wave-based covariates. Applying a multilevel discrete-time piecewise constant hazard model across recurrent episodes of unemployment, we identify the social characteristics of individuals most at risk for periods of long-term unemployment. We focus on the differences between men and women and whether relocating to a new region may increase the probability of successful transition out of unemployment. While previous labour force experience in unemployment is associated with longer time to exit from unemployment for both men and women, we find that the social factors associated with the process of time in unemployment differ markedly for men and women. In particular, age and marital status are significant drivers for reducing men’s time in unemployment, while the presence of children under the age of five years increases a woman’s time in unemployment. We also find that duration in unemployment varies across functional economic regions for women even after accounting for social factors and previous labour force experience at the individual level.
Quantitating error in blood flow measurements with radioactive microspheres (1989)

Accurate determination of the reproducibility of measurements using the microsphere technique is important in assessing differences in blood flow to different organs or regions within organs, as well as changes in perfusion under various experimental conditions. The sources of error of the technique are briefly reviewed. In addition, we derived a method for combining quantifiable sources of error into a single estimate that was evaluated experimentally by simultaneously injecting eight or nine sets of microspheres (each with a different radionuclide label) into four anesthetized dogs. Each nuclide was used to calculate blood flow in 145-190 myocardial regions. We compared each flow determination (using a single nuclide label) with a weighted mean for the piece (based on the remaining nuclides). The difference was defined as "measured" error. In all, there were a total of 5,975 flow observations. We compared measured error with theoretical estimates based on the Poisson error of radioactive disintegration and microsphere entrapment, nuclide separation error, and reference flow error. We found that combined estimates based on these sources completely accounted for measured error in the relative distribution of microspheres. In addition, our estimates of the error in measuring absolute flows (which were established using microsphere reference samples) slightly, but significantly, underestimated measured error in absolute flow.
Biochemical Effects of Diflubenzuron on Chitin Synthesis in the Postmolt Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus (1995)

Founded in 1683 in Leiden, the Netherlands, Brill is a leading international academic publisher in the Humanities, Social Sciences, International Law, and Biology. With offices in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, the USA and Asia, Brill today publishes more than 360 journals and 2,000 new books and reference works each year as well as a large number of databases and primary source research collections.
Superconductivity of Titanium (1953)

Critical magnetic fields of two specimens of titanium have been measured down to 0.23\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The first specimen was a cold worked Ti wire having a purity of 99.98 percent. It was found to be superconducting at 0.37\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in zero magnetic field and the initial slope of the critical field curve was 465 gauss per degree. The second specimen was a Ti crystal bar with a purity greater than 99.99 percent. Its transition temperature was 0.49\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and the initial slope of the critical field curve was 400 gauss per degree.
Automatic Classification and Identification System for Vehicles'Models (2006)

car model’s automatic classifying and identifying system is made up of car model’s classify and identify mainframe、axle detector,infrared raster car segregator and annular loop detector. By detecting and computing car’s axles base、number of anles、carbody’s formal, segregating sequential cars ,this system can achieve the aim of classifiy car’s models.
Clinical Evaluation of the Cell-Dyn® 1700CS Blood Counter, (1997)

New generations of hematology analyzers produce fast and reliable data on blood count, while at the same time offering screening information on differential blood count. The aim of this study was to evaluate a Cell-Dyn® (CD) 1700CS (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL) hematology analyzer that determines 18 parameters, including three-part differential blood count.

A single unit instrument consists of a sample analyzer, data module section, and printer as a separate component. The analyzer contains the hardware to aspirate, dilute, and analyze each whole-blood sample from open and closed collection tubes or prediluted samples. Aspiration volume in open mode is 30 μL, in closed mode 450 μL, and in predilute mode 40 μL. The data module section includes a computer controlling all operations and storing a total of 5000 numeric and graphic data results, color video display monitor, and keyboard. The keyboard allows entry of sample identification number, patient name, sex, date of birth, physician, collection date and time, and comments. In addition, limits and reference ranges can be printed with each patient’s results.

Counting of blood cells is based on the volumetric impedance method, directly measuring white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), platelets, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean platelet volume, and automatically calculating hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC), RBC distribution width, plateletcrit, and platelet distribution width. The instrument differentiates the subpopulations of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and the mid-cell fraction (eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and precursors of WBCs) by electronic sizing. Specially formulated reagents cause the WBC membrane to shrink around the nucleus while keeping the cell intact, allowing separation of white cells according to their volume. Lymphocytes fall within the small-cell region, neutrophils within the large-cell region, and the remaining cells into the mid-size cell region. The three-part differential screen is provided …
"NEXCERA", ZERO THERMAL EXPANSION CERAMICS FOR OPTICAL APPLICATIONS (2010)

INTRODUCTION NEXCERA, a cordierite (2MgO-2Al2O3-5SiO2) based polycrystalline ceramic has been developed as a cutting-edge material with both an extremely low thermal expansion coefficient of < 0.03 ppm/K and superior mechanical properties. NEXCERA differs fundamentally from a conventional low thermal expansion glass (LTEG) in consisting of a kind of the crystal and slight amorphous phases along grain boundaries. Accordingly, NEXCERA has high dimensional stability for long-term passage and temperature changes as compared to LTEG [1,2]. Taking advantage of these properties, NEXCERA is used as calibration tools and primary standards in the precision metrology field requiring high accuracy and reliability, in addition to structural components of steppers for LSI lithography [3]. In the previous paper, the advantage of NEXCERA as an optical reflecting mirror was discussed through the manufacture of ultra lightweight boxed structures [4]. The present work has been conducted to evaluate the results of surface finishes for actual mirrors. Special emphasis has been placed on the effect of improving ceramic material on the smooth surface achieved by the polishing.