gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants defective in cell wall (1-3)beta-D-glucan (1991)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe thermosensitive mutants requiring the presence of an osmotic stabilizer to survive and grow at a nonpermissive temperature were isolated. The mutants were genetically and biochemically characterized. In all of them, the phenotype segregated in Mendelian fashion as a single gene which coded for a recessive character. Fourteen loci were defined by complementation analysis. Studies of cell wall composition showed a reduction in the amount of cell wall beta-glucan in three strains (JCR1, JCR5, and JCR10) when growing at 37 degrees C. Galactomannan was diminished in two others. Strains JCR1 and JCR5, with mutant alleles cwg1-1 and cwg2-1, respectively, were further studied. The cwg1 locus was mapped on the right arm of chromosome III, 18.06 centimorgans (cM) to the left of the ade5 marker; cwg2 was located on the left arm of chromosome I, 34.6 cM away from the aro5 marker. (1-3)beta-D-Glucan synthase activities from cwg1-1 and cwg2-1 mutant strains grown at 37 degrees C were diminished, as measured in vitro, compared with the wild-type strain; however, Km values and activation by GTP were similar to the wild-type values. Mutant synthases behaved like the wild-type enzyme in terms of thermostability. Analyses of round shape, lytic behavior, and low (1-3)beta-D-glucan synthase activity in cultures derived from ascospores of the same tetrad showed cosegregation of all these characters. Detergent dissociation of (1-3)beta-D-glucan synthase into soluble and particulate fractions and subsequent reconstitution demonstrated that the cwg1-1 mutant was affected in the particulate fraction of the enzymatic activity while cwg2-1 was affected in the soluble component. The antifungal agents Papulacandin B and Aculeacin A had similar effects on the enzymatic activities of the wild type and the cwg2-1 mutant strain, whereas the cwg1-1 mutant, when growing at 37 degrees C, had a more inhibitor-resistant (1,3)beta-D-glucan synthase. It is concluded that the cwg1+ and cwg2+ genes are related to (1,3)beta-D-glucan biosynthesis.
Inhibition of DDR1 enhances in vivo chemosensitivity in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (2020)

Platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors is the current standard of care for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, tumor progression evolves in most cases. Therefore, predictive biomarkers are needed for better patient stratification and for the identification of new therapeutic strategies, including enhancing the efficacy of chemotoxic agents. Here, we hypothesized that discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) may be both a predictive factor for chemoresistance in patients with LUAD and a potential target positively selected in resistant cells. By using biopsies from patients with LUAD, KRAS-mutant LUAD cell lines, and in vivo genetically engineered KRAS-driven mouse models, we evaluated the role of DDR1 in the context of chemotherapy treatment. We found that DDR1 is upregulated during chemotherapy both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, analysis of a cohort of patients with LUAD suggested that high DDR1 levels in pretreatment biopsies correlated with poor response to chemotherapy. Additionally, we showed that combining DDR1 inhibition with chemotherapy prompted a synergistic therapeutic effect and enhanced cell death of KRAS-mutant tumors in vivo. Collectively, this study suggests a potential role for DDR1 as both a predictive and prognostic biomarker, potentially improving the chemotherapy response of patients with LUAD.
Integrin signalling and function in immune cells (2012)

Integrins not only mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, but also affect the multitude of signal transduction cascades in control of cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and organ development. Mutations in integrins or the major effectors of integrin signalling pathways cause defective organ development, immunodeficiency, cancer or autoimmune disease. Understanding of the signalling events that drive integrin activation and signalling is therefore crucial to uncover the molecular mechanisms of these diseases. This review discusses the key signalling complexes regulating integrin activation and function in both 'inside-out' and 'outside-in' pathways in T lymphocytes, including kinases, SLP-76, VAV1, ADAP, SKAP-55, RapL, RIAM, Rap1, Talin and Kindlin.
Waveguide sub‐wavelength structures: a review of principles and applications (2014)

Abstract Periodic structures with a sub‐wavelength pitch have been known since Hertz conducted his first experiments on the polarization of electromagnetic waves. While the use of these structures in waveguide optics was proposed in the 1990s, it has been with the more recent developments of silicon photonics and high‐precision lithography techniques that sub‐wavelength structures have found widespread application in the field of photonics. This review first provides an introduction to the physics of sub‐wavelength structures. An overview of the applications of sub‐wavelength structures is then given including: anti‐reflective coatings, polarization rotators, high‐efficiency fiber–chip couplers, spectrometers, high‐reflectivity mirrors, athermal waveguides, multimode interference couplers, and dispersion engineered, ultra‐broadband waveguide couplers among others. Particular attention is paid to providing insight into the design strategies for these devices. The concluding remarks provide an outlook on the future development of sub‐wavelength structures and their impact in photonics. image
<i>SubGemini</i> (1993)

The problem of finding subcircuits in a larger circuit arises in many contexts in computer-aided design.
Nanoporous Nitrogen‐Doped Titanium Dioxide with Excellent Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light Irradiation Produced by Molecular Layer Deposition (2013)

Ultrathin films: A new molecular layer deposition process for the synthesis of nanoporous nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide films is developed. This process is based on a four-step ABCB reaction sequence using TiCl4, ethanolamine, and malonyl chloride as precursors (see picture). The obtained nanoporous N-doped TiO2 exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity upon irradiation with visible light. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Multi-authority secret-ballot elections with linear work (1995)

. We present new cryptographic protocols for multi-authority secret ballot elections that guarantee privacy, robustness, and universal verifiability. Application of some novel techniques, in particular the construction of witness hiding/indistinguishable protocols from Cramer, Damgard and Schoenmakers, and the verifiable secret sharing scheme of Pedersen, reduce the work required by the voter or an authority to a linear number of cryptographic operations in the population size (compared to quadratic in previous schemes). Thus we get significantly closer to a practical election scheme. 1 Introduction An electronic voting scheme is viewed as a set of protocols that allow a collection of voters to cast their votes, while enabling a collection of authorities to collect the votes, compute the final tally, and communicate the final tally that is checked by talliers. In the cryptographic literature on voting schemes, three important requirements are identified: Universal Verifiability ensur...
Elucidation of the Antiwear Performance of Several Organic Phosphates Used with Different Polyol Ester Base Oils from the Aspect of Interaction between Additive and Base Oil (1998)

The antiwear performance of organic phosphates, such as tricresylphosphate (TCP), tributylphosphate (TBP) and diphenylhydrogen-phosphate (DPHP), dissolved in several polyol esters is studied. Several trimethylolpropane esters (TMP) and pentaerythritol esters (PE) having different carbon chains were used as base oils. A four-ball tribometer was used to determine the antiwear performance of oils, using commercially available bearing steel balls as test specimens. Although the wear of steel was drastically reduced with low-concentration solutions of these phosphates, the wear increased with increasing concentration in the higher-concentration region. All of the phosphates showed characteristics of an optimum concentration for minimizing wear. This behavior can be attributed to the effective adsorption/reaction of phosphates in the low concentration region and the reaction forming excess inorganic phosphates on the surface that causes corrosive-like wear in the high-concentration region. Different polyol esters showed different optimum concentrations of the additive. The order of optimum concentration among the polyol esters was different with different phosphates. Although the wear rate absolute values at the optimum concentration did not show clear correlation, it is shown that the effect of the concentration of additives on the antiwear performance can be explained by the interaction between additives and base oils using the solubility parameter.
Mapping conduction velocity of early embryonic hearts with a robust fitting algorithm (2015)

Cardiac conduction maturation is an important and integral component of heart development. Optical mapping with voltage-sensitive dyes allows sensitive measurements of electrophysiological signals over the entire heart. However, accurate measurements of conduction velocity during early cardiac development is typically hindered by low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements of action potentials. Here, we present a novel image processing approach based on least squares optimizations, which enables high-resolution, low-noise conduction velocity mapping of smaller tubular hearts. First, the action potential trace measured at each pixel is fit to a curve consisting of two cumulative normal distribution functions. Then, the activation time at each pixel is determined based on the fit, and the spatial gradient of activation time is determined with a two-dimensional (2D) linear fit over a square-shaped window. The size of the window is adaptively enlarged until the gradients can be determined within a preset precision. Finally, the conduction velocity is calculated based on the activation time gradient, and further corrected for three-dimensional (3D) geometry that can be obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT). We validated the approach using published activation potential traces based on computer simulations. We further validated the method by adding artificially generated noise to the signal to simulate various SNR conditions using a curved simulated image (digital phantom) that resembles a tubular heart. This method proved to be robust, even at very low SNR conditions (SNR = 2-5). We also established an empirical equation to estimate the maximum conduction velocity that can be accurately measured under different conditions (e.g. sampling rate, SNR, and pixel size). Finally, we demonstrated high-resolution conduction velocity maps of the quail embryonic heart at a looping stage of development.
Solubility of Paracetamol in Pure Solvents (1999)

The solubility of paracetamol (4-hydroxyacetanilide) in 26 solvents in the temperature range from −5 to +30 °C is reported. Paracetamol has a very low solubility in nonpolar and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as toluene and carbon tetrachloride whereas the solubility is very high in solvents of medium polarity such as N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and diethylamine. Paracetamol is soluble in alcohols, but the solubility decreases with an increase in the length of the carbon chain in the n-alcohol homologous series (methanol to 1-octanol). The solubility of paracetamol in water is much lower than in other polar solvents such as the alcohols. The ideal solubility of paracetamol is calculated, and the activity coefficient in the saturated solutions is estimated.
SAFETY GUIDESPRING FOR PERCUTANEOUS CARDIOVASCULAR CATHETERIZATION (1966)

SAFETY GUIDESPRING FOR PERCUTANEOUS CARDIOVASCULAR CATHETERIZATIONCHARLES T. DOTTER, M.D., MELVIN P. JUDKINS, M.D. and LOUIS H. FRISCHE, M.D.Audio Available | Share
Optimal reduction of MCG in fetal MEG recordings (2006)

Recording fetal magnetoencephalographic (fMEG) signals in-utero is a demanding task due to biological interference, especially maternal and fetal magnetocardiographic (MCG) signals. A method based on orthogonal projection of MCG signal space vectors (OP) was evaluated and compared with independent component analysis (ICA). The evaluation was based on MCG amplitude reduction and signal-to-noise ratio of fetal brain signals using exemplary datasets recorded during ongoing studies related to auditory evoked fields. The results indicate that the OP method is the preferable approach for attenuation of MCG and for preserving the fetal brain signals in fMEG recordings.
A Short History of Economics as a Moral Science (1999)

The essay that follows shows the genesis of economics as a moral science and chronicles some of the developments in mainstream economics that metamorphosed the discipline to the point where moral concerns are now irrelevant. The first section presents a brief overview of the connection between economics and moral philosophy before Adam Smith. The second section presents some brief points about Adam Smith’s science of economics. The third section turns to the developments in economics from Smith’s time until 1900. The fourth section sketches the developments during the present century. The final section presents a summary of the argument. James E. Alvey, A Short History of Economics As a Moral Science, Journal of Markets & Morality 2, no. 1 (Spring 1999): 53-73
678. The mechanisms of inhibition and retardation in radical polymerizations. Part III. The use of a stable free radical as an inhibitor (1956)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Propofol-sodium thiopental admixture reduces pain on injection. (2000)

Sodium thiopental, when added to propofol, can significantly reduce propofol injection pain. This attenuation effect was noted even with as low as 10 volume % of sodium thiopental.
Structures of Three Classes of Anticancer Agents Bound to the Human Topoisomerase I−DNA Covalent Complex (2005)

Human topoisomerase I (top1) is the molecular target of a diverse set of anticancer compounds, including the camptothecins, indolocarbazoles, and indenoisoquinolines. These compounds bind to a transient top1-DNA covalent complex and inhibit the resealing of a single-strand nick that the enzyme creates to relieve superhelical tension in duplex DNA. (Hertzberg, R. P.; et al. Biochem. 1989, 28, 4629-4638. Hsiang, Y. H.; et al. J. Biol. Chem 1985, 260, 14873-14878. Champoux, J. J. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2001, 70, 369-413. Stewart, L.; et al. Science 1998, 729, 1534-1541.) We report the X-ray crystal structures of the human top1-DNA complex bound with camptothecin and representative members of the indenoisoquinoline and indolocarbazole classes of top1 poisons. The planar nature of all three structurally diverse classes allows them to intercalate between DNA base pairs at the site of single-strand cleavage. All three classes of compounds have a free electron pair near Arg364, a residue that if mutated confers resistance to all three classes of drugs. The common intercalative binding mode is augmented by unexpected chemotype-specific contacts with amino acid residues Asn352 and Glu356, which adopt alternative side-chain conformations to accommodate the bound compounds. These new X-ray structures explain how very different molecules can stabilize top1-DNA covalent complexes and will aid the rational design of completely novel structural classes of anticancer drugs.
Expression of cell cycle regulatory genes in chronic myelogenous leukemia. (1998)

The transcriptional modulation of some cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors might contribute to the fatal blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Stability Analysis of Linear Uncertain Differential Equations (2013)

Uncertainty theory is a branch of mathematics based on normolity, duality, subadditivity and product axioms. Uncertain process is a sequence of uncertain variables indexed by time. Canonical Liu process is an uncertain process with stationary and independent increments. And the increments follow normal uncertainty distributions. Uncertain differential equation is a type of differential equation driven by the canonical Liu process. Stability analysis on uncertain differential equation is to investigate the qualitative properties, which is significant both in theory and application for uncertain differential equations. This paper aims to study stability properties of linear uncertain differential equations. First, the stability concepts are introduced. And then, several sufficient and necessary conditions of stability for linear uncertain differential equations are proposed. Besides, some examples are discussed.
A Relay Selection Scheme to Prolong Connection Time for Public Safety Communications (2018)

Public safety communication aims to provide efficient mission critical and first responder communication scenarios. Device-to-device (D2D) proximity services are designed to offload massive traffic from base stations and extend the coverage area. Utilizing relay to provide network services for user equipment (UE) that out of coverage is one of the most important attributes of proximity services. Existing works mainly focus on the transmission rate and energy efficiency for relay selection. In this paper, we propose a relay selection scheme that targets to extend the connection time in public safety communications. In particular, the proposed scheme takes into consideration the remaining battery capacity and communication capability of each UE. The system level simulation results show that the proposed scheme can prolong the connection time for the UE that is out of coverage.
Kinetics, steric course, and mechanism of stereoisomerization of aluminum .beta.-diketonates (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics, steric course, and mechanism of stereoisomerization of aluminum .beta.-diketonatesMiles Pickering, Berardo Jurado, and Charles S. Springer Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 15, 4503–4515Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00431a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00431a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Delayed Tissue-Plasminogen Activator Therapy in a Rabbit Model of Thromboembolic Stroke (1995)

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of delayed therapy with tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke. The t-PA therapy was started 3, 4, or 5 hours after autologous clot embolization. New Zealand rabbits were randomized to receive a 2-hour intravenous infusion of either t-PA (6.3 mg/kg) or a saline solution (0.9% saline) after an autologous clot had embolized the anterior cerebral circulation. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), intracranial pressure (ICP), and infarct size were measured to determine the effects of the delayed administration of the t-PA after intracranial embolization. Additionally, the following physiological parameters were monitored throughout the protocol: mean arterial pressure, hematocrit, arterial blood gases, glucose, and core and brain temperatures. All animals were studied for 4 hours after the administration of the t-PA or control solution; thus, the duration of each experiment was 7, 8, or 9 hours after autologous clot embolization. In control animals, brain infarct size and final ICP values were directly related to the length of time studied after clot embolization; among control animals, the largest infarct size and greatest rise in ICP were seen 9 hours after embolization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A New Species of Mutilla parasitic on Glossina morsitans (1915)

♀.—Nigra; thorace rufo-ferrugineo; segmentis dorsalibus primo secundoque apice bruneotestaceis, albo-fimbriatis; tertio etiam albo-fimbriato.
Use of the bead beater for preparation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis template DNA in milk. (2001)

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is a recognized chronic enteric pathogen that can affect many different species of animals, including primates. It has been suggested that this organism is associated with Crohn's disease in humans, and that milk is a potential source of human exposure to this organism. The limit of the detection of M. paratuberculosis in milk samples by direct PCR was 10(5) cfu/mL if the traditional boiling method was used for template DNA preparation. In this study, an improved method for template DNA preparation was examined. The method involves the use of a bead beater, which breaks up bacterial cell wall mechanically by vibrating bacteria with microbeads at high speed. The effectiveness of this method for lysing M. paratuberculosis cells was compared to that of the freeze-thaw method, and use of commercial kits such as the InstaGene Matrix and the QIAamp Tissue Kit. The bead beater procedure was tested in combination with various cell lysis and template DNA preparation procedures to determine which of these steps improved the limit of detection of PCR assay that amplifies a 413 bp fragment of the IS900 gene. Results showed that the use of the bead beater, in combination with the use of lysis buffer, boiling, and isopropanol precipitation, decreased the limit of detection of M. paratuberculosis in milk by the PCR to 10(2) cfu/mL. The limit of detection was further decreased to 10 cfu/mL when 0.0037% bovine serum albumin was included in the PCR reaction mixtures. The improved assay was 10- to 10(4)-fold more sensitive than the PCR assays using template DNA prepared by other lysis procedures including boiling alone, freeze-thaw plus boiling, or use of commercial kits for lysis.