gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abundant Lattice Inclusion Phenomenon with Sterically Hindered and Inherently Shape-Selective Tetraarylpyrenes (2009)

Tetraarylpyrenes H1-H4 that typify molecular systems with orthogonal planes and lack hydrogen bonding functional groups were designed as new host systems with three distinct domains for guest inclusion. In particular, H2 and H4 hosts are found to include a variety of guest molecules. We have determined 42 crystal structures overall (i) to establish the importance of skeletal features of the hosts, (ii) to determine their adaptability in binding diverse guest molecules, and (iii) to delineate favored domains for location of guest molecules and preferred modes of association of the host systems. The unique features of H1-H4 are found to permit binding of aliphatic and aromatic guest species differently: the small-sized guest molecules such as CHCl(3), (CH(3))(2)S, etc. are found to be bound in the basin domain, whereas aliphatic and aromatic guests are found to be included in the channel/concave and trough regions, respectively. The crystal structure analyses reveal that as many as 20 out of 28 inclusion compounds of H2 are isostructural with one or more; we have identified 8 different crystal packing types with which each inclusion compound may be associated. The guest-binding potential of host H2 has been exploited to demonstrate the utility of these host systems in (i) the separation of regioisomeric methyl-substituted benzenes and mixtures of cis-trans isomers of decalin, perhydroisoquinoline, and cinnamonitrile, (ii) the stabilization of the keto-enol form of 1,3-diketones, and (iii) the conformational locking of flexible cycloalkanes.
Some Properties of Partially Purified Mammalian Adenosine Kinase (1967)

Abstract Adenosine kinase has been partially purified from homogenates of rabbit liver and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The kinase preparation obtained was free of adenosine deaminase and almost free of adenosine triphosphatase activity. In addition to adenosine, 34 analogues or derivatives of adenosine have been investigated with the enzyme. Of these compounds, 16 were substrates, and the Michaelis constants and maximal velocities of these substrates have been determined. In the presence of myokinase, at least 10 compounds were further phosphorylated to the corresponding triphosphates.
Inference of peak density of indirect branches to detect ROP attacks (2016)

A program subject to a Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) attack usually presents an execution trace with a high frequency of indirect branches. From this observation, several researchers have proposed to monitor the density of these instructions to detect ROP attacks. These techniques use universal thresholds: the density of indirect branches that characterizes an attack is the same for every application. This paper shows that universal thresholds are easy to circumvent. As an alternative, we introduce an inter-procedural semi-context-sensitive static code analysis that estimates the maximum density of indirect branches possible for a program. This analysis determines detection thresholds for each application; thus, making it more difficult for attackers to compromise programs via ROP. We have used an implementation of our technique in LLVM to find specific thresholds for the programs in SPEC CPU2006. By comparing these thresholds against actual execution traces of corresponding programs, we demonstrate the accuracy of our approach. Furthermore, our algorithm is practical: it finds an approximate solution to a theoretically undecidable problem, and handles programs with up to 700 thousand assembly instructions in 25 minutes.
고산가 폐유지 재생 지방산 메틸에스테르와 식물유 지방산 메틸에스테르의 전과정 환경영향 비교 (2016)

This study has been conducted to evaluate environmental values of high acid value waste oil recycling technology and suggest improvement directions of the recycling technology. As the result of comparing with vegetable oil fatty acid methyl ester(FAME), total environmental impact of recycled FAME showed 96% of vegetable oil FAME. When considering each impact category, environmental impacts of recycled FAME appeared to 54%, 15%, 99% of resource depletion, global warming, and human toxicity. Reducing water usage and recycling waste water can lower the environmental impact of recycling process.
Novel Escapement Mechanism using a Compliant Mechanism and a Piezoelectric Actuator (2007)

"Escapement mechanisms hold back a stream of parts driven either by mechanical or pneumatic means for a length of time and release a single part as required to an assembly station. They are used in most automatic multi-component assembly equipment. They occupy a significant design space and have dynamic characteristics of their own. This research aimed to develop a novel high speed mechanism for parts escapement that occupies less design space and contributes less to the dynamic activity of the structure. Several conceptual mechanisms were generated and evaluated. A compliant mechanism that amplifies the very small displacement of a piezo actuator was selected for detailed design. A proof of concept prototype was fabricated and tested. A piezo stack was used to bend a thin, spring steel, compliant beam. Its deflection was further amplified by attaching a comparatively rigid beam extension at the end of the compliant section. The mechanism escapes parts at 16 Hz using constrained layer damping on the beam to reduce vibrations. The concept is feasible to use on production machinery and provides advantages in terms of higher operating speeds and compactness. The concept could also be used where there is a requirement of high speed gating."
Preparation of strongly adherent platinum black coatings (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of strongly adherent platinum black coatingsCarl A. MarreseCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 1, 217–218Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00128a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00128a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1243Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Erratum: “Spin filtering in a magnetic-electric barrier structure” [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>78</b>, 2184 (2001)] (2001)

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α1-acid glycoprotein and α1-antitrypsin as early markers of treatment response in patients receiving the intensive phase of tuberculosis therapy (2009)

The identification of early markers that predict the response to anti-tuberculosis treatment would facilitate evaluation of new drugs and improve patient management. This study aimed to determine whether selected acute phase proteins and micronutrients measured at the time of diagnosis and during the first weeks of treatment could predict treatment responses during the 2-month standard intensive phase of therapy. For this purpose, alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, alpha2-macroglobulin, C-reactive protein, C3, C4, zinc, copper and selenium concentrations were measured in Brazilian patients with smear-positive tuberculosis at the time of diagnosis and 1, 3, 5 and 8 weeks after initiation of therapy. Patients were classified into fast (n=29), intermediate (n=18) and slow responders (n=10) if they were smear-negative at 3, 5 or 8 weeks of treatment. alpha1-acid glycoprotein on enrolment and 1 week of treatment, alpha1-antitrypsin at week 1 and C-reactive protein and C3 after 3 weeks of therapy were higher in slow responders than in fast responders. alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein may be helpful in predicting treatment response at the time of initiation of therapy, and could be used as early markers to identify patients with an increased likelihood of treatment failure.
The Multi-Armed Bandit Problem: Decomposition and Computation (1987)

This paper is dedicated to our friend and mentor, Cyrus Derman, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. The multi-armed bandit problem arises in sequentially allocating effort to one of N projects and sequentially assigning patients to one of N treatments in clinical trials. Gittins and Jones (Gittins, J. C., Jones, D. M. 1974. A dynamic allocation index for the sequential design of experiments. J. Gani, K. Sarkadi, L. Vince, eds. Progress in Statistics. European Meeting of Statisticians, 1972, 1, North Holland, Amsterdam, 241–266.) have shown that one optimal policy for the N-project problem, an N-dimensional discounted Markov decision chain, is determined by the following largest-index rule. There is an index for each state of each given project that depends only on the data of that project. In each period one allocates effort to a project with largest current index. The purpose of this paper is to give a short proof of this result and a new characterization of the index of a project in state i, viz., as the maximum expected present value in state i for the restart-in-i problem in which, in each state and period, one either continues allocating effort to the project or immediately restarts the project in state i. Moreover, it is shown that an approximate largest-index rule yields an approximately optimal policy. These results lead to more efficient methods of computing the indices on-line and/or for sparse transition matrices in large state spaces than have been suggested heretofore. By using a suitable implementation of successive approximations, a policy whose expected present value is within 100ϵ% of the maximum possible range of values of the indices can be found on-line with at most (N + T − 1)TM operations where M is the number of operations required to calculate one approximation, T is the least integer majorizing the ratio ln ϵ/ln a and 0 < a < 1 is the discount factor.
A mutational analysis of spliceosome assembly: evidence for splice site collaboration during spliceosome formation. (1987)

We have analyzed the pathway of mammalian spliceosome assembly in vitro using a mobility retardation assay. The binding of splicing complexes to both wild-type and mutant beta-globin pre-RNAs was studied. Three kinetically related, ATP-dependent complexes, alpha, beta, and gamma, were resolved with a wild-type beta-globin substrate. These complexes formed, both temporally and in order of decreasing mobility, alpha----beta----gamma. All three complexes contained U2 snRNA. The RNA intermediates of splicing, i.e., free 5' exon and intron lariat + 3' exon, were found predominantly in the gamma complex. The RNA products of splicing, i.e., ligated exons and fully excised intron lariat, were found in separate, postsplicing complexes which appeared to form via breakdown of gamma. Mutations of the 5' splice site, which caused an accumulation of splicing intermediates, also resulted in accumulation of the gamma complex. Mutations of the 3' splice site, which severely inhibited splicing, reduced the efficiency and altered the pattern of complex formation. Surprisingly, the analysis of double mutants, with sequence alterations at both the 5' and 3' splice sites, revealed that the 5' splice site genotype was important for the efficient formation of a U2 snRNA-containing alpha complex at the 3' splice site. Thus, it appears that a collaborative interaction between the separate 5' and 3' splice sites promotes spliceosome assembly.
A Simple Mathematical Model of Cyclic Circadian Learning (2014)

This paper deals with the derivation of a simple mathematical model of cyclic learning with a period of 24 hours. Various requirements are met with an emphasis and approach which relies on simple mathematical operations, the prediction of measurable quantities, and the creation of uncomplicated processes of calibration. The presented model can be used to answer questions such as the following. Will I be able to memorize a given set of information? How long will it take to memorize information? How long will I remember the information that was memorized? The model is based on known memory retention functions that are in good agreement with experimental results. By the use of these functions and by formalism of differential equations, the concurrent processes of learning and forgetting are described mathematically. The usability of this model is limited to scenarios where logical bonds (connections to prior learning) are not created and mnemonic devices cannot be utilized during the learning process.
Performance of a Two Mirror, Four Reflection, Ring Field Imaging System (1994)

The surface figure of the individual mirrors of a two mirror, four reflection, ring field imaging system has been measured after each phase of the construction process: substrate fabrication, coating and potting. Contributions to the final system wavefront error and performance of the system in terms of the modulation transfer function and initial imaging tests are discussed.
Kinetics of acetic acid esterification over ion exchange catalysts (1996)

Abstract Computer simulation showed that catalytic distillation is an attractive process for the removal of dilute acetic acid from wastewater. Selection of catalysts and kinetic data have been obtained for the design of the catalytic distillation column. Kinetic measurements were conducted in a batch reactor. Methanol was added to the dilute acetic acid solutions and reacted with the acid in water to form methyl acetate and water. The reaction can be catalyzed by solid acid catalysts. It was found that Amberlyst 15 was an effective catalyst for this reaction. The effects of stirrer speed, reaction temperature, reactant concentration and catalyst loading on reaction rate were investigated. A complete kinetic equation for describing the reaction catalyzed by Amberlyst 15 was developed. This equation can be used in the simulation and design of the catalytic distillation column for removing acetic acid from wastewater.
Splicing-Independent Expression of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Thymidine Kinase Gene Is Mediated by Three <i>cis</i> -Acting RNA Subelements (1998)

Herpes simplex virus genes are predominantly intronless. We identified cis-acting elements in the intronless herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) gene that facilitate intron-independent gene expression. TK sequences functionally replaced the hepatitis B virus (HBV) posttranscriptional regulatory element (PRE) by inducing the expression of the intronless HBV surface message. TK also activated the pDM138 assay by inducing the cytoplasmic accumulation of intron-containing RNA. Multiple cis-acting RNA sequences, or subelements, that induce cytoplasmic localization of unspliced RNA were mapped within the TK gene. The presence of multiple RNA subelements within the TK gene is reminiscent of the multiple subelements in the HBV PRE required for the cytoplasmic accumulation of intronless HBV RNAs. Similar to HBV PRE subelements, duplication of a single TK subelement resulted in greater-than-additive increases in activity. A reporter chimera containing a single TK subelement juxtaposed to an HBV PRE subelement demonstrated a commensurate increase in activity. These results suggest that viral intronless genes utilize a similar strategy for intron-independent gene expression that requires multiple cis-acting RNA signals. Furthermore, like HBV PRE-containing RNA, TK cytoplasmic localization is not sensitive to leptomycin B, a drug that inhibits the export of proteins containing nuclear export signals. From this, we conclude that proteins that bind TK and facilitate its cytoplasmic accumulation do not travel through a CRM1-dependent RNA transport pathway.
On the performance of protocols for collecting responses over a multiple-access channel (1995)

We consider a generalization of the multiple access problem where it is necessary to identify a subset of the ready users, not all. The problem is motivated by several "response collection" applications that arise in distributed computing and database systems. In these applications, a collector is interested in gathering a set of responses from a number of potential respondents. The collector and respondents communicate over a shared channel. We define three collection objectives and investigate a suite of protocols that can be used to achieve these objectives. The protocols are based on the use of polling, TDMA, and group testing. Using a binomial respondent model we analyze and, where applicable, optimize the performance of the protocols. Our concern is with cost measures that reflect the computational load placed on the system, as well as the delay incurred for achieving a particular objective.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual role of transcription factor FoxO1 in controlling hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism (2006)

Hepatic insulin resistance affects both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It has been proposed that insulin controls these 2 metabolic branches through distinct signaling pathways. FoxO transcription factors are considered effectors of the pathway regulating hepatic glucose production. Here we show that adenoviral delivery of constitutively nuclear forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) to mouse liver results in steatosis arising from increased triglyceride accumulation and decreased fatty acid oxidation. FoxO1 gain of function paradoxically increased insulin sensitivity by promoting Akt phosphorylation, while FoxO1 inhibition via siRNA decreased it. We show that FoxO1 regulation of Akt phosphorylation does not require DNA binding and is associated with repression of the pseudokinase tribble 3 (Trb3), a modulator of Akt activity. This unexpected dual role of FoxO1 in promoting insulin sensitivity and lipid synthesis in addition to glucose production has the potential to explain the peculiar admixture of insulin resistance and sensitivity that is commonly observed in the metabolic syndrome.
Immunophenotypic characterization of peripheral T lymphocytes in<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>infection and disease (2002)

The cellular immune response probably plays a pivotal role in determining the clinical outcome after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We used multi-parameter flow-cytometry to evaluate the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets during infection and disease caused by M. tuberculosis. Samples were obtained from 71 volunteers to identify the T CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte numbers, and the activation plus memory/naïve phenotypes, as defined by CD38, HLA-DR, CD45RA and CD27 markers. Subjects were divided into 18 healthy volunteers without detectable reaction to purified protein derivative (PPD-), 18 health care workers with a recent conversion to PPD, 20 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TBC) and 15 patients with treated TBC at 6 months of therapy. By multiple-comparison analyses, the T CD4+ lymphocyte number of the TBC group was lower than the PPD- group (P < 0.05). This difference was apparently lost after treatment. The higher and the lower number of naïve T CD4+ cells was observed in the PPD- and TBC group, respectively. CD8+ T lymphocytes were also statistically different among the four groups (P = 0.0002), lower in the TBC group (P < 0.05). CD8+ T lymphocyte activation was evaluated by the CD38 and HLA-DR surface expression. The percentage distribution of these markers was statistically different between the four groups (P = 0.0055). TBC patients had a higher percentage of CD38+ cells and mean fluorescence index, suggesting an overall increase of cell activation. These results suggest that peripheral T lymphocytes reflect cellular activation during TBC, along with possible redistribution of naïve, memory/effector and late differentiated memory/effector phenotypes in the peripheral blood after infection and disease caused by M. tuberculosis.
Monitoring and detection of acute viral respiratory tract disease in horses (1998)

Influenza virus (specifically, A/equine/2) was the most common virus associated with acute IURD. Use of multiple diagnostic tests and obtaining samples from more than 1 horse in an outbreak may improve detection of viral infections.
Towards an integrated mechatronic design process (2009)

In this study, we propose to integrate the entire downward side of the design V-cycle in order to achieve to a modelling continuity through the different levels of design approach (requirements, functional, components and structural). For this, we propose a hybrid methodology based on several tools, languages and methodologies such as SADT, SysML, Modelica, in a single environment: Dymola.
A Novel and Efficient Preparation of 2<sup>1</sup>,3<sup>1</sup>-Dideoxynucleosides<sup>1</sup> (1985)

Abstract A new reductive cleavage of secondary alcohols via methylthionocarbonates has been developed and applied to the synthesis of 21, 31-dideoxynucleosides.
Japan Contact Information (2011)

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ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF BUTANOLAMINES AND PROPANOLAMINES IN METAL WORKING FLUIDS (1979)

Seventeen propanolamines, six diisopropanolamines, and two butanolamines were studied for their antimicrobial properties against a mixed flora of fungi and bacteria in cutting fluids. All of the propanolamines showed inhibitory properties in the lubricants. Isopropanolamines were found to have very weak antimicrobial properties, and both butanolamine compounds were inhibitory. The most active compound found was L-2-methylamino-1-phenolpropanol, but other chemicals including DL-2-benzylamino-1-propanol, 3-diethylamino-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-dimethylamino-3-propanol, and 3-amino-1-propanol all showed good antimicrobial properties in the products.
Systemically administered AAV9-sTRAIL combats invasive glioblastoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model (2016)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing tumoricidal genes injected directly into brain tumors have shown some promise, however, invasive tumor cells are relatively unaffected. Systemic injection of AAV9 vectors provides widespread delivery to the brain and potentially the tumor/microenvironment. Here we assessed AAV9 for potential glioblastoma therapy using two different promoters driving the expression of the secreted anti-cancer agent sTRAIL as a transgene model; the ubiquitously active chicken β-actin (CBA) promoter and the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter to restrict expression in brain. Intravenous injection of AAV9 vectors encoding a bioluminescent reporter showed similar distribution patterns, although the NSE promoter yielded 100-fold lower expression in the abdomen (liver), with the brain-to-liver expression ratio remaining the same. The main cell types targeted by the CBA promoter were astrocytes, neurons and endothelial cells, while expression by NSE promoter mostly occurred in neurons. Intravenous administration of either AAV9-CBA-sTRAIL or AAV9-NSE-sTRAIL vectors to mice bearing intracranial patient-derived glioblastoma xenografts led to a slower tumor growth and significantly increased survival, with the CBA promoter having higher efficacy. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the potential of systemic injection of AAV9 vector encoding a therapeutic gene for the treatment of brain tumors.