gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A measurement study of GPU DVFS on energy conservation (2013)

Nowadays, GPUs are widely used to accelerate many high performance computing applications. Energy conservation of such computing systems has become an important research topic. Dynamic voltage/frequency scaling (DVFS) is proved to be an appealing method for saving energy for traditional computing centers. However, there is still a lack of firsthand study on the effectiveness of GPU DVFS. This paper presents a thorough measurement study that aims to explore how GPU DVFS affects the system energy consumption. We conduct experiments on a real GPU platform with 37 benchmark applications. Our results show that GPU voltage/frequency scaling is an effective approach to conserving energy. For example, by scaling down the GPU core voltage and frequency, we have achieved an average of 19.28% energy reduction compared with the default setting, while giving up no more than 4% of performance. For all tested GPU applications, core voltage scaling is significantly effective to reduce system energy consumption. Meanwhile the effects of scaling core frequency and memory frequency depend on the characteristics of GPU applications.
Biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles for use in dental resin formulations (2016)

The addition of antibacterial functionality to dental resins presents an opportunity to extend their useful lifetime by reducing secondary caries caused by bacterial recolonization. In this study, the potential efficacy of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles for this purpose was determined. Nitrogen doping was carried out to extend the ultraviolet absorbance into longer wavelength blue light for increased biocompatibility. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (approximately 20-30 nm) were synthesized with and without nitrogen doping using a sol-gel method. Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy indicated a band of trap states, with increasing blue light absorbance as the concentration of the nitrogen dopant increased. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements indicated the formation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals upon particle exposure to visible light and oxygen. The particles were significantly toxic to <i>Escherichia coli</i> in a dose-dependent manner after a 1-hour exposure to a blue light source (480 nm). Intracellular reactive oxygen species assay demonstrated that the particles caused a stress response in human gingival epithelial cells when exposed to 1 hour of blue light, though this did not result in detectable release of cytokines. No decrease in cell viability was observed by water-soluble tetrazolium dye assay. The results show that nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles have antibacterial activity when exposed to blue light, and are biocompatible at these concentrations.
Gallium and Other Main Group Metal Compounds as Antitumor Agents (2004)

Gallium has been the second metal to show activity against malignant tumors in humans soon after the establishment of platinum drugs in routine clinical practice. It has the unique property of inhibiting tumor growth as a simple cation, mainly because of its close resemblance to ferric iron. Even though its inability to shift between the trivalent and a divalent oxidation state precludes that gallium behaves as an iron analogue in every respect, it strongly interferes with cellular acquisition of iron from blood by competitive interaction with transferrin and transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, gallium also seems to affect intracellular availability of iron already taken up via this pathway, probably due to its inhibitory activity on vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPases. Apart from the consequences of iron deprivation, gallium exerts cytotoxic effects by direct interaction with the iron-dependent enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, resulting in reduced dNTP pools and inhibition of DNA synthesis. Both the abundance of transferrin receptors and upregulation of ribonucleotide reductase render tumors susceptible to gallium-induced cytotoxicity. However, some experimental findings raise the question whether these effects resulting from the iron-mimicking properties of gallium are solely responsible for its antineoplastic activity or whether additional mechanisms are involved, such as antimitotic effects which result from its capability of inhibiting tubulin polymerization. The limitations experienced with gallium nitrate and gallium chloride, which call for a prolonged exposure to low steady-state gallium levels in blood in order to adequately exploit the affinity of gallium to tumor tissues and to avoid severe toxic effects, may be overcome by oral gallium complexes such as tris(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-onato)gallium(III) (gallium maltolate) or tris(8-quinolinolato)gallium(III) (KP46), which are currently being evaluated in clinical trials and show promise to initiate a revival of gallium in the clinical setting. These two investigational drugs, albeit differing in their complex stability, have both been developed with the intention of providing gallium in a form which allows sufficient intestinal absorption, but without altering its pharmacodynamic effects. Gallium complexes based on other rationales are scarce and, with regard to the well-known antineoplastic potential of this metal, noticeably under-explored. With the recent approval of arsenic trioxide for the second-line treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, the clinical revival of arsenic compounds, which have been the mainstay of antileukemic therapy before the age of modern cancer chemotherapy, has already begun. Currently, strong efforts are being made to explore the activity spectrum in other (less rare) malignancies and to gain a deeper insight into the mode of action. Although this development is currently focusing on arsenic trioxide, it should be suited to stimulate investigations into the therapeutic potential of other arsenic compounds as well.
Spectroscopic Compositional Analysis of Electrolyte during Initial SEI Layer Formation (2014)

The energy density of an electrochemical capacitor can be significantly improved by utilizing a lithiated negative electrode and a high surface area positive electrode. During lithiation of the negative carbon electrode, the electrolyte reacts with the electrode surface and undergoes decomposition to form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that passivates the surface of the carbon electrode from further reactions between Li and the electrolyte. The reduction reactions that the solvent undergoes not only form insoluble and gaseous byproducts but also electrolyte-soluble products. In this work, those liquid-phase products generated by reductive decomposition of a carbonate-based electrolyte, 1.2 M LiPF6 in EC/PC/DEC (3:1:4), were analyzed at different stages during the lithiation process of an amorphous carbon electrode. An LCMS analysis of the electrolyte during the initial lithiation process was correlated to a DRIFTS analysis of the carbon electrode surface and the results from the EIS and gas-phase analysis previously reported. It was concluded that the formation reactions of the electrolyte-soluble reduction products are dependent on electrochemical processes but are independent of those reactions that directly lead to the generation of the decomposition gases. This is the first time that the composition of the electrolyte during the initial stages of formation of the SEI layer was systematically determined through the use of an in situ electrochemical-MS analysis. The results presented in this work are focused on the initial analysis, elucidation of the empirical formulas, and determining possible structures for these compounds through a detailed analysis of the spectra from each of these unknowns.
Studies of the stability of poly(ethylene oxide) and PEO-based solid electrolytes using thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of the stability of poly(ethylene oxide) and PEO-based solid electrolytes using thermogravimetry-mass spectrometryG. K. Jones, A. R. McGhie, and G. C. FarringtonCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 11, 3285–3290Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00011a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00011a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views536Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE METHOD OF OXIDATION AND THE OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF l-ARABINOSE AND OF l-XYLOSE IN ALKALINE SOLUTIONS WITH AIR AND WITH CUPRIC HYDROXIDE.<sup>1</sup> (1917)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE METHOD OF OXIDATION AND THE OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF l-ARABINOSE AND OF l-XYLOSE IN ALKALINE SOLUTIONS WITH AIR AND WITH CUPRIC HYDROXIDE.1J. U. Nef, Oscar F. Hedenburg, and J. W. E. GlattfeldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1917, 39, 8, 1638–1652Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1917Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1917https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02253a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02253a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhanced Broadband Optical Transmission Through Ultrathin Metallic Nanomesh (2012)

We demonstrate the fabrication of metallic nanomesh with hexagonal array of circular holes by nanosphere lithography and measure the optical transmission spectrum of the nanomesh. The optical property of metallic nanomesh is theoretically investigated by the finite-difference time-domain method. The numerical simulation results indicate that the transmission properties of metallic nanomesh can be tuned by changing the hole diameter, period and film thickness. The optimized aluminum nanomesh shows enhanced broadband optical transmission of about 80%. This research provides a significant guidance for the design and fabrication of transparent metallic electrodes in optoelectronic devices.
Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of S‐Linked Ganglioside Analogues and Their Protein Conjugates for Use as Immunogens (2005)

Analogues of the tumor-associated gangliosides GM(3) and GM(2) containing terminal S-linked neuraminic acid residues and an amino terminated, truncated ceramide homologue have been synthesized and conjugated to a protein. The synthesis involved coupling of a S-linked sialyl alpha(2-->3) galactose disaccharide with a glucosyl sphingosine analogue, followed by elaboration and deprotection to give amino-terminated glycosyl ceramide 1. Glycosyltransferase-catalyzed extension of the trisaccharide 1 provided access to the modified GM(2) tetrasaccharide 2 or sulphur-containing GD(3) analogue 30. Owing to their potentially enhanced resistance to endogenous exo-glycoside hydrolases and their inherent non-self character, carbohydrate antigens containing non-reducing terminal thioglycosidic linkages may be more immunogenic than O-linked antigens and may stimulate the production of antibodies capable of recognizing naturally occurring oligosaccharides. Our initial results suggest that in fact these antigens are viable immunogens and furthermore, that immune sera cross reacts with O-gangliosides in the context of a heterologous glycoprotein conjugate.
Matrix metalloproteinases and metastatic cancer. (1998)

The rationale for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition as a means to treat disease progression in breast cancer stems from the apparent involvement of MMPs in the hydrolysis of basement membranes during tumour cell invasion and subsequent metastasis. MMP-mediated matrix remodelling also appears to promote the growth of tumour cells, possibly by facilitating the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and the neovascularization of tumour tissue. We found that transfection of the C127 breast cancer cell line by MMP-2 (gelatinase A), but not by MMP-1 or MMP-3 (collagenase and stromelysin respectively), gave rise to an invasive and metastatic phenotype. We were surprised to find that this phenotype depended not only on the catalytic properties of MMP-2 but also on properties associated with the MMP-2 non-catalytic C-terminal domain. Experiments with a synthetic gelatinase inhibitor revealed that a single dose could prevent the lungs of nude mice being colonized by the MMP-2 transfectants, and that the inhibitor had to be administered during or shortly after injection of the cells, indicating that an early event, such as the extravasation of the cells into the lung, is gelatinase-dependent in this system. In other studies employing long-term treatment with CT1746, an orally active gelatinase inhibitor, we have previously demonstrated a reduction in primary tumour growth rates, localized spread, and spontaneous metastasis, even when the treatment was commenced several days after tumour implantation. Furthermore, additive effects were recorded when gelatinase inhibitor therapy was combined with cytotoxic drug treatment. Since the gelatinase inhibitors can also inhibit bone resorption in vitro, these observations point to their potential for delaying disease recurrence and reducing rates of bone loss following conventional therapeutic strategies, in metastatic breast cancer.
Isolation and characterization of a novel lignocellulose decomposing fungal strain. (2010)

A strain F1 with high cellulase activity obtained from the deadwood stack was characterized as Ceriporia lacerate by examination of the general taxonomical characteristics and phylogenetic sequence analysis of rDNA ITS gene. The endoglucanase (EG) and filter paper cellulase (FPase) activities of the strain showed remarkable stability in the pH range of 4.0-7.0, and maintained about their maximal value of 76% and 50% after incubation at 70 degrees C for 6 h respectively. The strain grew particularly well with CMC-Na (1.0%) and yeast extract (0.4%) at 28 degrees C (pH 6.0) in flasks stirred at 150 x g for 6 days. Based on the thermostability and pH stability of cellulase, the strain appears to have potential in industrial applications and bioresource utilization.
Optical constants of sputter-deposited Ti-Ce oxide and Zr-Ce oxide films (1998)

Films of Ti oxide, Zr oxide, Ce oxide, Ti-Ce oxide, and Zr-Ce oxide were made by means of reactive dc magnetron sputtering in a multitarget arrangement. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction and electrochemical measurements, both techniques being firmly connected to stoichiometric information. The optical constants n and k were evalued from spectrophotometry and from variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. The two analyses gave consistent results. It was found that n for the mixed-oxide films varied smoothly between the values for the pure oxides, whereas k in the band-gap range showed characteristic differences between Ti-Ce oxide and Zr-Ce oxide. It is speculated that this difference is associated with structural effects.
Theory of the Large Signal Behavior of Traveling-Wave Amplifiers (1953)

We present results of calculations on the amplification, phase distortion, and harmonic content in an idealized traveling-wave amplifier when excited to levels beyond those for which the device behaves linearly. The idealization consists mainly of neglecting the action on the electron beam of radio-frequency fields due to the space charge in the beam. The limiting efficiency and the phase distortion are given for various values of the beam-to-circuit coupling parameter and of the electron injection velocity. The relative harmonic content of the beam is given to the fifth harmonic frequency, inclusive. The calculations were performed by numerically integrating the equations of motion of typical electrons entering the tube at equal intervals of initial phase. Most of the numerical work was done with IBM equipment, some with desk calculators, and in one case, on the Bell Laboratories relay computer. The results are presented almost entirely graphically, and the reader is referred to figures in main body of the paper for quantitative information.
A processor-time-minimal schedule for the standard tensor product algorithm (2002)

The paper, using a directed acyclic graph (dag) model of algorithms, investigates precedence constrained multiprocessor schedules for the n/spl times/n/spl times/n/spl times/n directed mesh. Its completion requires at least 4n-3 multiprocessor steps. Time-minimal multiprocessor schedules that use as few processors as possible are called processor-time-minimal. For the 4D mesh, such a schedule requires at least (2/3)n/sup 3/+n/3 processors. This lower bound is shown to be exact by constructing a processor-time-minimal multiprocessor schedule that can be realized on a systolic array whose topology is a 3-dimensional twisted torus.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Regulatory Pathway of Brown Fat Thermogenesis (1995)

The mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) is responsible for the thermogenic function of brown fat, and it is a molecular marker of the brown adipocyte cell type. Retinoic acid (RA) increased UCP mRNA levels severalfold in brown adipocytes differentiated in culture. This induction was independent of adrenergic pathways or protein synthesis. RA stimulated ucp gene expression regardless of the stage of brown adipocyte differentiation. In transient transfection experiments RA induced the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase vectors driven by 4.5 kilobases of the 5'-noncoding region of the rat ucp gene, and co-transfection of expression vectors for RA receptors enhanced the action of RA. Retinoic acid receptor alpha was more effective than retinoid X receptor in promoting RA action, whereas a mixture of the two was the most effective. The RA-responsive region in the ucp gene was located at -2469/-2318 and contains three motifs (between -2357 and -2330) of the consensus half-sites characteristic of retinoic acid response elements. This 27-base pair sequence specifically binds purified retinoic acid receptor alpha as well as related proteins from brown fat nuclei. In conclusion, a novel potential regulatory pathway of brown fat development and thermogenic function has been recognized by identifying RA as a transcriptional activator of the ucp gene.
In vivo activities of U-100592 and U-100766, novel oxazolidinone antimicrobial agents, against experimental bacterial infections (1996)

The Upjohn oxazolidinones, U-100592 and U-100766, are orally bioavailable synthetic antimicrobial agents with spectra of activity against antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant gram-positive pathogens. In several mouse models of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, U-100592 and U-100766 yielded oral 50% effective doses (ED50) ranging from 1.9 to 8.0 mg/kg of body weight, which compared favorably with vancomycin subcutaneous ED50 values of 1.1 to 4.4 mg/kg. Similarly, both compounds were active versus a Staphylococcus epidermidis experimental systemic infection. U-100592 and U-100766 effectively cured an Enterococcus faecalis systemic infection, with ED50 values of 1.3 and 10.0 mg/kg, and versus a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infection in immunocompromised mice, both drugs effected cures at 12.5 and 24.0 mg/kg. Both compounds were exceptionally active in vivo against penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, with ED50 values ranging from 1.2 to 11.7 mg/kg in systemic infection models. In soft tissue infection models with S. aureus and E. faecalis, both compounds exhibited acceptable curative activities in the range of 11.0 to 39.0 mg/kg. U-100766 was also very active versus the Bacteroides fragilis soft tissue infection model (ED50 = 46.3 mg/kg). In combination-therapy studies, both U-100592 and U-100766 were indifferent or additive in vivo against a monomicrobic S. aureus infection in combination with other antibiotics active against gram-positive bacteria and combined as readily as vancomycin with gentamicin in the treatment of a polymicrobic S. aureus-Escherichia coli infection. U-100592 and U-100766 are potent oxazolidinones active against antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant gram-positive pathogens in experimental systemic and soft tissue infections.
Characterizing human subjects in real-time and three-dimensional spaces by integrating thermal-infrared and visible spectrum cameras (2009)

In human health and performance studies, there is a need to detect, track and describe human subjects in real-time and in three-dimensional (3D) space. The work presented here is motivated by the problem of detecting human subjects in physical spaces, reconstructing their location in 3D, describing their spectral characteristics at each 3D location, and rendering 3D and spectral characteristics in real time. In this paper, we address the problem of integrating thermal infrared (IR) cameras and visible spectral cameras so that the 3D and spectral characteristics can be acquired in real time. We report performance tradeoffs associated with the integration of thermal-infrared and visible spectrum cameras and the discuss implications of our design for human health and performance studies.
Macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics: Influence of five synthesis parameters on compressive strength (1996)

Compressive strength measurements were conducted on 32 macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) samples to evaluate the influences and interactions of five synthesis factors: chemical composition, percentage of macropores, mean size of macropores, isostatic compaction pressure, and sintering temperature. These parameters were varied simultaneously between two limit levels. Experiments used a factorial design method (FDM) allowing optimization of the number of samples as well as statistical analysis of results. FDM showed that compressive strength, in a defined experimental area, can be described by a first-order polynomial equation in which the percentage of macroporosity and sintering temperature are the major influences. This study leads up to an isoresponse line diagram that will allow the manufacture of some classes of MBCP with fitted compressive strength.