gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Straightforward Synthesis of 5‘-Peptide Oligonucleotide Conjugates Using <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-Fmoc-Protected Amino Acids (2005)

[reaction: see text] 5'-Peptide oligonucleotide conjugates were prepared stepwise on a single support using N(alpha)-Fmoc-protected amino acids and unprotected phosphate groups. The method uses commercially available reagents and is successful with most natural amino acids. The simplicity of the method may encourage researchers to prepare new oligonucleotide-peptide conjugates with novel properties.
Dimension Reduction by Local Principal Component Analysis (1997)

Reducing or eliminating statistical redundancy between the components of high-dimensional vector data enables a lower-dimensional representation without significant loss of information. Recognizing the limitations of principal component analysis (PCA), researchers in the statistics and neural network communities have developed nonlinear extensions of PCA. This article develops a local linear approach to dimension reduction that provides accurate representations and is fast to compute. We exercise the algorithms on speech and image data, and compare performance with PCA and with neural network implementations of nonlinear PCA. We find that both nonlinear techniques can provide more accurate representations than PCA and show that the local linear techniques outperform neural network implementations.
Reversible Cell‐Specific Drug Delivery with Aptamer‐Functionalized Liposomes (2009)

Vorteil Aptamer: Eine zellspezifische Freisetzung des Tumortherapeutikums Cisplatin mithilfe eines Nucleolin-Aptamer-konjugierten, Cisplatin-verkapselnden Liposomsystems wird vorgestellt. Calcein wurde in die MCF-7-Zielzellen eingeschlossen (oberes Bild), nicht jedoch in LNCaP-Zellen (unteres Bild). Wesentlich ist zudem, dass das Ausmaß der Freisetzung mit einer zum Aptamer komplementären DNA als Antidot eingestellt werden kann. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Downregulation of ARFGEF1 and CAMK2B by promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer cells (2011)

To identify novel genes that are regulated by promoter methylation, a combinational approach involving in silico mining followed by molecular assay was performed. From the expression microarray data registered in the European bioinformatics institute (EBI), genes showing downregulation in breast cancer cells were initially screened and then selected by e-Northern analysis using the Unigene database. A series of these in silico methods identified CAMK2B and ARFGEF1 as candidates, and the two genes were revealed to be hypermethylated in breast cancer cell lines and hypomethylated in normal breast cell lines. Additionally, cancer cell lines showed downregulated expression of these genes. Furthermore, treatment of the cancer cell lines with a demethylation agent, 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, recovered expression of CAMK2B and ARFGEF1, implying that hypermethyaltion silenced gene activity in cancer cells. Taken together, promoter methylations of CAMK2B and ARFGEF1 are novel epigenetic markers identified in breast cancer cell lines and can be utilized for the application to clinical cancer tissues.
A Service Based Lightweight Desktop Virtualization System (2010)

Desktop virtualization is a new delivery method in which desktop operating systems execute in a data center and users access their applications using stateless "thin-client" devices. This paradigm promises significant benefits in terms of data security, flexibility, and reduction of the total cost of ownership. It is important to further improve this approach while maintaining good user experience, decreasing the propelled desktop's granularity and optimizing the protocol utilized between clients and servers. In this paper, we build a feasible cloud computing system, in which application streaming technology is used to break the bottleneck between clients and computing resources, and at the server side, virtualization technology is utilized to help achieve better physical resource management, as well as the high performance virtualized storage system. Simulations show that the proposed system greatly improves the QoS of users and efficiently allocates resources among all clients.
Recent Developments in Microfluidics for Cell Studies (2014)

As a technique for precisely manipulating fluid at the micrometer scale, the field of microfluidics has experienced an explosive growth over the past two decades, particularly owing to the advances in device design and fabrication. With the inherent advantages associated with its scale of operation, and its flexibility in being incorporated with other microscale techniques for manipulation and detection, microfluidics has become a major enabling technology, which has introduced new paradigms in various fields involving biological cells. A microfluidic device is able to realize functions that are not easily imaginable in conventional biological analysis, such as highly parallel, sophisticated high-throughput analysis, single-cell analysis in a well-defined manner, and tissue engineering with the capability of manipulation at the single-cell level. Major advancements in microfluidic device fabrication and the growing trend of implementing microfluidics in cell studies are presented, with a focus on biological research and clinical diagnostics.
A charge-coupled infrared imaging array with Schottky-barrier detectors (1976)

An IR sensitive, charge-coupled linear imaging array using palladium-silicide Schottky-barrier detectors has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Thermal scenes as low in temperature as 110/spl deg/C were imaged. It was shown theoretically that in the vidicon mode of operation, nonuniformities in the transfer process and in detector capacitance do not degrade the video signal. Good uniformity was indeed obtained in this mode. A scheme for removing the background signal from the detectors before loading into the charge-coupled device (CCD) was incorporated into the design of the chip, and operation in this mode was also demonstrated. This imager, though made with a single level of metallization with gaps, had reasonably good transfer efficiency and is free of smearing and blooming.
Association of GUCY2C Expression in Lymph Nodes With Time to Recurrence and Disease-Free Survival in pN0 Colorectal Cancer (2009)

Expression of GUCY2C in histologically negative lymph nodes appears to be independently associated with time to recurrence and disease-free survival in patients with pN0 colorectal cancer.
Ionic-Liquid-Mediated Extraction and Separation Processes for Bioactive Compounds: Past, Present, and Future Trends (2017)

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as promising media for the extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from the most diverse origins. This critical review offers a compilation on the main results achieved by the use of ionic-liquid-based processes in the extraction and separation/purification of a large range of bioactive compounds (including small organic extractable compounds from biomass, lipids, and other hydrophobic compounds, proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, and pharmaceuticals). ILs have been studied as solvents, cosolvents, cosurfactants, electrolytes, and adjuvants, as well as used in the creation of IL-supported materials for separation purposes. The IL-based processes hitherto reported, such as IL-based solid-liquid extractions, IL-based liquid-liquid extractions, IL-modified materials, and IL-based crystallization approaches, are here reviewed and compared in terms of extraction and separation performance. The key accomplishments and future challenges to the field are discussed, with particular emphasis on the major lacunas found within the IL community dedicated to separation processes and by suggesting some steps to overcome the current limitations.
Periodontitis and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Possible Comorbidity between Oral Chronic Inflammatory Condition and Neuroinflammation (2017)

Periodontitis is an oral chronic infection/inflammatory condition, identified as a source of mediators of inflammation into the blood circulation, which may contribute to exacerbate several diseases. There is increasing evidence that inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although inflammation is present in both diseases, the exact mechanisms and crosslinks between periodontitis and AD are poorly understood. Therefore, this article aims to review possible comorbidity between periodontitis and AD. Here, the authors discuss the inflammatory aspects of periodontitis, how this oral condition produces a systemic inflammation and, finally, the contribution of this systemic inflammation for worsening neuroinflammation in the progression of AD.
Evaluation of nasal symptoms induced by platelet activating factor, after nasal challenge in both healthy and allergic rhinitis subjects pretreated with rupatadine, levocetirizine or placebo in a cross-over study design (2013)

These results suggest that both rupatadine and levocetirizine showed a tendency decrease toward nasal symptoms, but only rupatadine significally reduces the overall nasal symptoms (AUC) induced by PAF in SAR patients.
Robot control of a 3500 tonne mining machine (2003)

The mining industry is highly suitable for the application of robotics and automation technology since the work is arduous, dangerous and often repetitive. This paper describes the development of an automation system for a physically large and complex field robotic system - a 3,500 tonne mining machine (a dragline). The major components of the system are discussed with a particular emphasis on the machine/operator interface. A very important aspect of this system is that it must work cooperatively with a human operator, seamlessly passing the control back and forth in order to achieve the main aim - increased productivity.
Pheromone Signalling in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Requires the Small GTP-Binding Protein Cdc42p and Its Activator <i>CDC24</i> (1995)

Pheromone signalling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by the STE4-STE18 G-protein beta gamma subunits. A possible target for the subunits is Ste20p, whose structural homolog, the serine/threonine kinase PAK, is activated by GTP-binding p21s Cdc42 and Rac1. The putative Cdc42p-binding domain of Ste20p, expressed as a fusion protein, binds human and yeast GTP-binding Cdc42p. Cdc42p is required for alpha-factor-induced activation of FUS1.cdc24ts strains defective for Cdc42p GDP/GTP exchange show no pheromone induction at restrictive temperatures but are partially rescued by overexpression of Cdc42p, which is potentiated by Cdc42p12V mutants. Epistatic analysis indicates that CDC24 and CDC42 lie between STE4 and STE20 in the pathway. The two-hybrid system revealed that Ste4p interacts with Cdc24p. We propose that Cdc42p plays a pivotal role both in polarization of the cytoskeleton and in pheromone signalling.
Macrocycles within Macrocycles: Cyclen, Cyclam, and Their Transition Metal Complexes Encapsulated in Cucurbit[8]uril (2001)

Reminiscent of Russian Matrioshka dolls, tetraazamacrocycles (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) and 1 , 4 , 8 , 11 - tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam)) and their transition metal complexes are encapsulated in the cavity of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). The X-ray crystal structure of the [Cu(cyclen)] in CB[8] complex (see picture; copper: green, oxygen: red, nitrogen: blue, carbon: gray) reveals a five-coordinate CuII center in a square-pyramidal environment with a water molecule bound to the axial position. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
MASSIVE: a distributed virtual reality system incorporating spatial trading (2002)

MASSIVE is a distributed virtual reality system. It provides rich facilities to support user interaction and cooperation via text, audio and graphics media and interaction is controlled by a spatial model of interaction. The communications architecture is based on processes communicating via typed connections which have interfaces on both ends and which integrate RPCs, attributes and streams in a common context. A spatial interface trading service, the aura manager, has been developed to support interface trading in a spatial context. The concepts embodied in the aura manager can be useful in other interface trading situations, especially where notions of "space" and "meeting" may be applied.
En torno a la interacción entre privacidad e Internet (2004)

La realidad actual nos ofrece una especial vulnerabilidad en Internet de la intimidad y de la vida privada, lo cual se conecta con el gran aumento de la inseguridad informatica en la Red. En la practica, parece particularmente util el proposito de fomentar la divulgacion entre los usuarios y ciudadanos de las medidas de seguridad existentes para la proteccion de la intimidad.
Leukotriene antagonists. Do they offer new hope for asthmatics? (2000)

Leukotrienes mediate bronchospasm, airway oedema, mucus hypersecretion and increased airway reactivity. Leukotriene receptor antagonist drugs have a mild short and long term bronchodilator effect, with evidence of an anti inflammatory effect. The clinical benefits include improved symptoms, reduced rescue bronchodilator requirements, and reduced inhaled steroid requirements. Their oral formulation may provide improved adherence compared to inhaled medication. Clinical studies suggest they may be less efficacious than inhaled steroids or long acting beta 2 agonists in improving lung function and symptom control, but there was a heterogeneity in response to all classes of asthma drugs. Hence, currently, the only way to judge effectiveness is a therapeutic trial for 4-6 weeks. Although they are unlikely to replace currently available asthma medication, they are likely to be useful adjuncts to treatment.
Group Additivity Values for Estimating the Enthalpy of Formation of Organic Compounds: An Update and Reappraisal. 2. C, H, N, O, S, and Halogens (2012)

This study extends a previous publication on group additivity values (GAVs) for the elements C, H, and O, to include the elements nitrogen, sulfur, and the halogens. The present state and utility of the Benson additivity schemes for estimating the enthalpy of formation (Δ(f)H(0)) of organic compounds are again described, extending them to include more elements. Old and new GAVs for a wide variety of compounds are provided and are revised where necessary. When new terms are proposed, or old ones are significantly altered, the rationale for so doing is presented. GAV derived ring strain values for benzene and pyridine indicate that the aromatic stabilization of each is essentially the same. As before, the thermochemical consequences of replacing one functional group by another are also shown, thus permitting quick shortcuts to the estimation of new Δ(f)H(0) values.
Reducing anxiety in parents before and during pediatric anesthesia induction. (2001)

Fear and anxiety in a child undergoing surgery are correlated positively with the parent's level of anxiety, and interventions to decrease the parent's anxiety are appropriate. The purpose of this study was to determine whether viewing a video of an actual pediatric inhalation induction would reduce the level of parental anxiety. Eighty patients requiring an inhalation anesthetic induction were selected and randomized to 2 groups. Parents in the experimental group (group 1; n = 40) viewed a video demonstrating pediatric mask induction. Parents in the control group (group 2; n = 40) received an information pamphlet only. Anxiety was measured perioperatively in the parents and their children. Mean arterial pressure for children in group 1 was significantly lower during preoperative holding and following induction (P < .05). The level of anxiety postoperatively of children and parents in group 1 was significantly lower than that of children and parents in group 2 (P < .05). Viewing a preoperative video seems to be beneficial. Decreasing the parent's level of anxiety preoperatively may have a positive effect on the child's level of anxiety expressed postoperatively.
An analysis of altered melanoma matrix metalloproteinase-23 (MMP-23) expression and response to immune biologic therapy. (2011)

8541 Background: MMP-23, characterized by its unique ShK and immunoglobulin-like domains, has been shown to downregulate the immune response. The ShK domain selectively blocks the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 on activated T cells, suppressing T cell proliferation. We hypothesize that increased melanoma MMP-23 expression blunts the anti-tumor response and is associated with poor response to immunotherapy and worse clinical outcome. Methods: Melanoma tissues were obtained from patients treated with immunotherapy and enrolled in a prospective database at New York University Medical Center. Tumor MMP-23 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and scored for staining intensity (0–3)/distribution (0–2), which were summed to create a composite score (0–5). FACS analysis was used to detect peripheral blood T cell Kv1.3 expression in a subset of patients and scored 0–2. Associations between tumor MMP-23 expression, T cell Kv1.3 expression, clinicopathologic variables, and outcome were evaluated in univariate models. Results: 85 patients (median follow-up: 5.9 years for survivors) with pre-immunotherapy primary tissues available were studied. Dendritic cell vaccines, immune biologics: interferon, GM-CSF, or anti-CTLA-4 therapy were given after primary resection (n=37), at recurrence (n=42), or in both settings (n=6). Primaries with higher MMP-23 composite scores were more mitogenic (p=0.03) and had a lower prevalence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (p=0.05). A weak positive correlation was observed between the tumor MMP-23 composite score and both peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T cell Kv1.3 expression (r=0.21). Stratified analysis of recurrence risk by immunotherapy type as primary adjuvant treatment showed that higher MMP-23 staining intensity (p=0.02), distribution (p=0.04), and composite score (p=0.004) are associated with a greater risk of recurrence among patients treated with immune biologics but there was no difference among those given dendritic cell vaccines. Conclusions: Our results suggest that tumor MMP-23 expression constitutes a new immune escape mechanism. Data also support its potential utility in guiding immunotherapy selection.
Dimethyl Fumarate and Monomethyl Fumarate are Distinguished by Non-Overlapping Pharmacodynamic Effects In Vivo (P1.206) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Determine if the pharmacodynamic and therapeutic effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and monomethyl fumarate (MMF) are completely overlapping, or if distinct responses are induced in naïve and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. BACKGROUND: Delayed-release DMF is approved in the U.S., Canada, and Australia for the treatment of relapsing MS. It is unknown exactly how delayed-release DMF exerts clinical effects; however, DMF promotes anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective responses, both of which may impact MS pathophysiology. DMF is rapidly metabolized in vivo to MMF, and both are pharmacologically active. It is unknown if delayed-release DMF therapeutic effects are mediated through DMF, MMF, or some combination of the two. Understanding the pharmacodynamic properties of DMF and MMF would provide important insights into the delayed-release DMF mechanisms of action. DESIGN/METHODS: Naïve C57BL/6 mice were dosed orally with vehicle, DMF, or MMF and pharmacodynamic responses were evaluated in multiple tissues and whole blood. Differentially expressed genes and immune cell surface markers were identified by comparing DMF- or MMF-treated mice to matched vehicle controls. Mice in which EAE was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) were evaluated for DMF or MMF therapeutic effects, and pharmacodynamic responses were also evaluated. RESULTS: In naïve animals, pharmacodynamic responses to DMF versus MMF exhibited some overlap, but multiple distinct responses to each treatment were also evident. In EAE animals, similar patterns of pharmacodynamic effects were observed, with some overlapping responses, but also numerous distinct responses unique to either DMF or MMF. DMF produced a more robust clinical effect on disease score compared to MMF. CONCLUSIONS: DMF and MMF induce some common pharmacodynamic responses, but are also clearly differentiated from each other. This indicates that DMF and MMF are not therapeutically equivalent. Thus, DMF cannot be considered simply, or only as a prodrug of MMF, as it has distinct pharmacological properties. Study Supported by: Biogen Idec, Inc.
Efficacy of ampicillin-sulbactam is not dependent upon maintenance of a critical ratio between components: sulbactam pharmacokinetics in pharmacodynamic interactions (1996)

An in vitro pharmacokinetic model (IVPM) and a mouse model of lethal bacteremia were used to compare the pharmacodynamics of ampicillin-sulbactam when the two components were dosed simultaneously and in sequence against TEM-1-producing Escherichia coli. The challenge isolates included three strains of E. coli producing various levels of beta-lactamase. Human pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-sulbactam (1.5- and 3.0-g intravenous doses) were simulated in each model, and pharmacodynamic interactions were evaluated over one 6-h dosing interval. Against all three strains, the sequential dosing of sulbactam prior to ampicillin did not alter the pharmacodynamics of these combinations from comparison with results obtained with the simultaneous administration of the two components. Similar pharmacodynamics were observed for the two dosing regimens regardless of the ampicillin-sulbactam dose used or whether the bacteria were treated in an immunocompetent mouse or in the absence of immune defenses in the IVPM. When antibacterial activity was lost and regrowth of the inoculum was observed, viable bacterial counts increased in both the simultaneous and sequential regimens at a point when sulbactam levels fell below a critical concentration. These data suggest that the efficacy of ampicillin-sulbactam is not dependent upon the maintenance of a constant 2:1 ratio for the two components. Rather, the efficacy of ampicillin-sulbactam appears to be dependent upon the maintenance of one or both components above a critical concentration. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of sulbactam, specifically, how long sulbactam levels remain above a minimum critical concentration, appears to dictate how long antibacterial activity is maintained with the combination.