gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Rate of Evaporation of Water through Monolayers of Esters, Acids and Alcohols (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Rate of Evaporation of Water through Monolayers of Esters, Acids and AlcoholsHenri L. Rosano and Victor K. La MerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1956, 60, 3, 348–353Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150537a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j150537a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Non-volatile memory characteristics of submicrometre Hall structures fabricated in epitaxial ferromagnetic MnAl films on GaAs (1993)

Hall-effect structures with submicrometre linewidths (<0.3 μm) have been fabricated in ferromagnetic thin films of Mn0.60A0.40 which are epitaxially grown on a GaAs substrate. The MnAl thin films exhibit a perpendicular remanent magnetisation and an extraordinary Hall effect with square hysteretic behaviour. The presence of two distinct stable readout states demonstrates the potential of using ultrasmall ferromagnetic volumes for electrically addressable, nonvolatile storage of digital information.
Report on Development of Concepts for the Advanced Casting System in Support of the Deployment of a Remotely Operable Research Scale Fuel Fabrication Facility for Metal Fuel (2007)

Demonstration of recycle processes with low transuranic losses is key to the successful implementation of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership strategy to manage spent fuel. It is probable that these recycle processes will include remote fuel fabrication. This report outlines the strategy to develop and implement a remote metal fuel casting process with minimal transuranic losses. The approach includes a bench-scale casting system to develop materials, methods, and perform tests with transuranics, and an engineering-scale casting system to demonstrate scalability and remote operability. These systems will be built as flexible test beds allowing exploration of multiple fuel casting approaches. The final component of the remote fuel fabrication demonstration culminates in the installation of an advanced casting system in a hot cell to provide integrated remote operation experience with low transuranic loss. Design efforts and technology planning have begun for the bench-scale casting system, and this will become operational in fiscal year 2008, assuming appropriate funding. Installation of the engineering-scale system will follow in late fiscal year 2008, and utilize materials and process knowledge gained in the bench-scale system. Assuming appropriate funding, the advanced casting system will be installed in a remote hot cell at the end of fiscal year 2009.
NSF and postwar US science (2020)

In the early days of NSF, its leaders dreamed of large-scale federal investment in basic science but had to carve out a place for the new foundation in the complicated landscape of US science funding.
Overlapped speech detection using long-term spectro-temporal similarity in stereo recording (2011)

The problem of detecting overlapped speech in stereo recordings using close-talk microphones is important for a variety of applications including the identification of back-channels, interruptions etc. in a dyadic or multi-party interactions. For detecting overlapped speech, we propose a feature derived using the spectral similarity of two channels over a range of acoustic frames. During overlapped speech frames the proposed spectro-temporal similarity-based feature values decrease and during non-overlapped speech frames the feature values increase due to the presence of cross-talk. Thus the proposed feature helps to discriminate the overlapped speech frames from the non-overlapped ones. Using overlapped speech detection experiments on a dyadic interaction corpus, it is shown that the proposed feature provides a significant improvement ~26% absolute, in the accuracy of detecting the overlapped speech frames when used as an additional feature to the baseline feature obtained from the two channels' intensity profiles.
Single cell analysis of IL-4 and IFN-gamma production by T cells from HIV-infected individuals: decreased IFN-gamma in the presence of preserved IL-4 production (1996)

The specific in vitro disturbance of capacities ascribed to Th1 cells in HIV-infected individuals suggests a switch from Th1 to Th2 lymphokine secretion. Indeed, when T cell clones are generated from HIV-infected individuals compared with controls, an increased percentage of Th0 clones is present upon HIV infection. We studied cytokine production in the supernatant of in vitro activated PBMC from a large group of HIV-infected patients at various stages of infection. IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production all were decreased significantly, which does not support a switch to Th2 lymphokine secretion and is possibly due to the generalized impaired response of T cells from HIV-infected individuals to activation signals in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the capacity of single cells to produce a certain cytokine. Intracellular staining of IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing cells revealed that T cells from HIV-infected individuals contained decreased numbers of IFN-gamma-producing cells, in the presence of normal percentages of cells with the capacity to produce IL-4. This resulted in significantly decreased IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratios in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Thus, in agreement with previous findings in T cell clones, we conclude, from cytokine production upon stimulation of T cells in vitro, that there is a change in the cytokine balance to the Th2 side in HIV infection due to decreased Th1 and preserved Th2 cytokine production.
Control of fan erosion in coal-fired power plants, Phase 2: Final report (1981)

This EPRI sponsored project examines ways of controlling fly-ash erosion in power plant fans. Computer calculations of particle trajectories and resulting erosion damage show the relative erosion tolerance of various fans. Airfoil centrifugal fans commonly used for induced-draft service have the highest fly-ash erosion tolerance. The erosivity of fly ash from burning bituminous coals, subbituminous coals, and lignites was studied. Fly ash of the highest silica content showed nearly the full range of erosivity indicating that silica content by conventional chemical analysis is not a reliable predictor of expected erosion rates. Work is continuing to speed commercialization of field-replaceable erosion armor for electric utility fans. If the equivalent added protection of 0.2 to 0.3 in. of steel is required, chrome-plated steel shields can be used and still be within the weight limits that will not overstress most fans. If the erosion rates are so high that the equivalent of 0.3 to 0.6 in. of steel are required, shields with advanced coatings will be required. The factors in obtaining highly erosion-resistant coatings are shown and the erosion resistances of promising advanced coatings compared.
Generalization of back-propagation to recurrent neural networks (1987)

An adaptive neural network with asymmetric connections is introduced. This network is related to the Hopfield network with graded neurons and uses a recurrent generalization of the \ensuremath{\delta} rule of Rumelhart, Hinton, and Williams to modify adaptively the synaptic weights. The new network bears a resemblance to the master/slave network of Lapedes and Farber but it is architecturally simpler.
MPGraph: multi‐view penalised graph clustering for predicting drug–target interactions (2014)

Identifying drug–target interactions has been a key step for drug repositioning, drug discovery and drug design. Since it is expensive to determine the interactions experimentally, computational methods are needed for predicting interactions. In this work, the authors first propose a single‐view penalised graph (SPGraph) clustering approach to integrate drug structure and protein sequence data in a structural view. The SPGraph model does clustering on drugs and targets simultaneously such that the known drug–target interactions are best preserved in the clustering results. They then apply the SPGraph to a chemical view with drug response data and gene expression data in NCI‐60 cell lines. They further generalise the SPGraph to a multi‐view penalised graph (MPGraph) version, which can integrate the structural view and chemical view of the data. In the authors' experiments, they compare their approach with some comparison partners, and the results show that the SPGraph could improve the prediction accuracy in a small scale, and the MPGraph can achieve around 10% improvements for the prediction accuracy. They finally give some new targets for 22 Food and Drug Administration approved drugs for drug repositioning, and some can be supported by other references.
Smad2 and Smad3 Play Different Roles in Rat Hepatic Stellate Cell Function and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Organization (2005)

Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a central role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, transdifferentiating in chronic liver disease from "quiescent" HSC to fibrogenic myofibroblasts. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), acting both directly and indirectly, is a critical mediator of this process. To characterize the function of the TGF-beta signaling intermediates Smad2 and Smad3 in HSC, we infected primary rat HSC in culture with adenoviruses expressing wild-type and dominant negative Smads 2 and 3. Smad3-overexpressing cells exhibited increased deposition of fibronectin and type 1 collagen, increased chemotaxis, and decreased proliferation compared with uninfected cells and those infected with Smad2 or either dominant negative, demonstrating different biological functions for the two Smads. Additionally, coinfection experiments suggested that Smad2 and Smad3 signal via independent pathways. Smad3-overexpressing cells as well as TGF-beta-treated cells demonstrated more focal adhesions and increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) organization in stress fibers, although all cells reached the same level of alpha-SMA expression, indicating that Smad3 also regulates cytoskeletal organization in HSC. We suggest that TGF-beta, signaling via Smad3, plays an important role in the morphological and functional maturation of hepatic myofibroblasts.
Degradation of Azo Compounds by Aeromonas hydrophila var. 24B (1978)

A bacterium which has the ability to degrade azo dyes has been isolated from a polluted environment and identified as Aeromonas hydrophilia. The specificity of azo dyes to the bacterium was examined. p‐Acetamidoazobenzene, p‐aminoazobenzene, acetanilide, aniline and p‐phenylenediamine, which are produced as metabolites, were also isolated.
Invariant measures of image features from phase information (1996)

If reliable and general computer vision techniques are to be developed it is crucial that we find ways of characterizing low-level image features with invariant quantities. For example, if edge significance could be measured in a way that was invariant to image illumination and contrast, higher-level image processing operations could be conducted with much greater confidence. However, despite their importance, little attention has been paid to the need for invariant quantities in low-level vision for tasks such as feature detection or feature matching. This thesis develops a number of invariant low-level image measures for feature detection, local symmetry/asymmetry detection, and for signal matching. These invariant quantities are developed from representations of the image in the frequency domain. In particular, phase data is used as the fundamental building block for constructing these measures. Phase congruency is developed as an illumination and contrast invariant measure of feature significance. This allows edges, lines and other features to be detected reliably, and fixed thresholds can be applied over wide classes of images. Points of local symmetry and asymmetry in images give rise to special arrangements of phase, and these too can be characterized by invariant measures. Finally, a new approach to signal matching that uses correlation of local phase and amplitude information is developed. This approach allows reliable phase based disparity measurements to be made, overcoming many of the difficulties associated with scale-space singularities.
Flanking Sequences Modulate the Cell Specificity of M-CAT Elements (1996)

M-CAT elements mediate both muscle-specific and non-muscle-specific transcription. We used artificial promoters to dissect M-CAT elements derived from the cardiac troponin T promoter, whose regulation is highly striated muscle specific. We show that muscle-specific M-CAT-dependent expression requires two distinct components: the core heptameric M-CAT motif (5'-CATTCCT-3'), which constitutes the canonical binding site for TEF-1-related proteins, and specific sequences immediately flanking the core motif that bind an additional factor(s). These factors are found in higher-order M-CAT DNA-protein complexes with TEF-1 proteins. Non-muscle-specific promoters are produced when the sequences flanking the M-CAT motif are removed or modified to match those of non-muscle-specific promoters such as the simian virus 40 promoter. Moreover, a mutation of the 5'-flanking region of the cardiac troponin T M-CAT-1 element upregulated expression in nonmuscle cells. That mutation also disrupts a potential E box that apparently does not bind myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins. We propose a model in which M-CAT motifs are potentially active in many cell types but are modulated through protein binding to specific flanking sequences. In nonmuscle cells, these flanking sequences bind a factor(s) that represses M-CAT-dependent activity. In muscle cells, on the other hand, the factor(s) binding to these flanking sequences contributes to both the cell specificity and the overall transcriptional strength of M-CAT-dependent promoters.
Hyponatremia: why it matters, how it presents, how we can manage it. (2006)

Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder among hospitalized patients and has been associated with increased mortality. Most patients are asymptomatic, but many do present with symptoms, usually of a generalized neurologic nature. Based-on medical history, physical examination (including volume-status assessment), and laboratory tests, patients can be classified as having either hypervolemic, euvolemic, or hypovolemic hyponatremia. Management depends on the speed of hyponatremia onset; its degree, duration, and symptoms; and whether there are risk factors for neurologic complications. The risks of overly rapid correction must be weighed against the benefits of treating hyponatremia. Traditional therapies have significant limitations. New agents that antagonize arginine vasopressin at the V2 receptor or both the V(1A) and V2 receptors show promise for treating hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia, as they induce desired free water diuresis without inducing sodium excretion.
Gelation of Pluronic® F127-Polyethylene Glycol Mixtures: Relationship to PEG Molecular Weight (1998)

The formation and melting of Pluronic F127 gels in the presence of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) has been studied. All the PEGs studied raised T1 and lowered T2 of 20% F127 gels; this effect was proportional to PEG concentration. At a certain critical "no-gel" concentration of PEG (Cng), F127 lost its ability to form gels. Cng was found to be inversely proportional to PEG molecular weight. An empirical relationship between Cng and PEG molecular weight was obtained which can be used to predict effects of PEGs of any molecular weight on F127 gelation.
Growth condition-related response of<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>412 to bacteriocin inactivation (2000)

Bacteriocin inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes 412 was studied as a function of growth phase. Cells were treated with nisin (300 IU ml-1) or pediocin (320 or 2560 AU ml-1) for 20 min at 30 degrees C. Inactivation with nisin or the low concentration of pediocin was growth phase dependent, with exponentially growing cells being more susceptible than stationary cells. No effect of growth phase was observed for the high pediocin concentration. Pediocin inactivation (320 AU ml-1) of L. monocytogenes 412 exposed to osmotic (6.5% NaCl) or low-temperature (5 degrees C) stress was investigated. Pediocin failed to inactivate osmotically stressed cultures and was unable to inhibit cold-stressed cells to the same degree as unstressed cells.
Emotion space for analysis and synthesis of facial expression (2002)

This paper presents a new emotion model which gives a criteria to decide human's emotion condition from the face image. Our final goal is to realize very natural and user-friendly human-machine communication environment by giving a face to computer terminal or communication system which can also understand the user's emotion condition. So it is necessary for the emotion model to express emotional meanings of a parameterized face expression and its motion quantitatively. Our emotion model is based on 5-layered neural network which has generalization and nonlinear mapping performance. Both input and output layer has the same number of units. So identity mapping can be realized and emotion space can be constructed in the middle-layer (3rd layer). The mapping from input layer to middle layer means emotion recognition and that from middle layer to output layer corresponds to expression synthesis from the emotion value. Training is performed by typical 13 emotion patterns which are expressed by expression parameters. Subjective test of this emotion space proves the propriety of this model. The facial action coding system is selected as an efficient criteria to describe delicate face expression and motion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Nucleolar PUF RNA-binding Protein with Specificity for a Unique RNA Sequence (2015)

PUF proteins are a conserved group of sequence specific RNA-binding proteins that bind to RNA in a modular fashion. The RNA-binding domain of PUF proteins typically consists of eight clustered Puf repeats. Plant genomes code for large families of PUF proteins that show significant variability in their predicted Puf repeat number, organization, and amino acid sequence. Here we sought to determine whether the observed variability in the RNA-binding domains of four plant PUFs results in a preference for nonclassical PUF RNA target sequences. We report the identification of a novel RNA binding sequence for a nucleolar Arabidopsis PUF protein that contains an atypical RNA-binding domain. The Arabidopsis PUM23 (APUM23) binding sequence was 10 nucleotides in length, contained a centrally located UUGA core element, and had a preferred cytosine at nucleotide position 8. These RNA sequence characteristics differ from those of other PUF proteins, because all natural PUFs studied to date bind to RNAs that contain a conserved UGU sequence at their 5' end and lack specificity for cytosine. Gel mobility shift assays validated the identity of the APUM23 binding sequence and supported the location of 3 of the 10 predicted Puf repeats in APUM23, including the cytosine-binding repeat. The preferred 10-nucleotide sequence bound by APUM23 is present within the 18S rRNA sequence, supporting the known role of APUM23 in 18S rRNA maturation. This work also reveals that APUM23, an ortholog of yeast Nop9, could provide an advanced structural backbone for Puf repeat engineering and target-specific regulation of cellular RNAs.
Flow perfusion culture of marrow stromal osteoblasts in titanium fiber mesh (2002)

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two cell culture techniques, static and flow perfusion, on the osteogenic expression of rat bone marrow cells seeded into titanium fiber mesh for a period up to 16 days. A cell suspension of rat bone marrow stromal osteoblasts (5 × 10 5 cells/300 μL) was seeded into the mesh material. Thereafter, the constructs were cultured under static conditions or in a flow perfusion system for 4, 8, and 16 days. To evaluate cellular proliferation and differentiation, constructs were examined for DNA, calcium content, and alkaline phosphatase activity. Samples were also examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and plastic‐embedded histological sections. Results showed an increase in DNA from day 4 to day 8 for the flow perfusion system. At day 8, a significant enhancement in DNA content was observed for flow perfusion culture compared with static culture conditions, but similar cell numbers were found for each culture system at 16 days. Calcium measurements showed a large increase in calcium content of the meshes subjected to flow perfusion at day 16. The SEM examination revealed that the 16‐day samples subjected to flow perfusion culture were completely covered with layers of cells and mineralized matrix. In addition, this matrix extended deep into the scaffolds. In contrast, meshes cultured under static conditions had only a thin sheet of matrix present on the upper surface of the meshes. Evaluation of the light microscopy sections confirmed the SEM observations. On the basis of our results, we conclude that a flow perfusion system can enhance the early proliferation, differentiation, and mineralized matrix production of bone marrow stromal osteoblasts seeded in titanium fiber mesh. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 64A: 235–241, 2003
Valve Problems with Lead Free Gasoline (1971)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Use of lead free gasoline results in severe exhaust valve recession in light duty engines. Recession proceeds 10-20 times faster than with leaded fuel, and occurs on the integral cylinder head seats. A wear model is proposed which identifies parameters contributing to recession. Engine tests showed valve seat angle and cylinder head seat hardness and/or structure to be most significant in reducing seat wear. Coatings, wider seats, and improved valve train stability all show plus effects but were insufficient by themselves to stabilize wear rates. Wide seats, use of seat inserts, and lower seat angles resulted in shortened valve burning life in engines run with leaded gasoline. Induction hardened cylinder head seats reduced wear with no effect on valve durability.</div>
Synthesis of <sup>14</sup>C‐labeled perfluorooctanoic and perfluorodecanoic acids; purification of perfluorodecanoic acid (1987)

Abstract Perfluoro‐ n ‐octaboic acid (PFOA) and perfluoro‐ n ‐decanoic acid (PFDA), two widely used industrial products, have been synthesized with 14 C‐labeling in the C‐1 position. The carboxyl labeled materials were prepared in 48% and 53% yield by carbonation of perfluoroheptyllithium and perfluorononyllithium at −100°C. An efficient chemical method for purification of PFDA was also developed. Treatment of commercial PFDA with refluxing potassium hydroxide solution resulted in removal of the mono and diprotio impurities to give 99% pure PFDA.