gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferon Production by the Preimplantation Sheep Embryo (1989)

Ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1), the major product secreted by the trophectoderm of the sheep conceptus between days 13 and 21 of pregnancy, is considered to mediate maternal recognition of pregnancy by maintaining the function of the corpus luteum. Its amino acid sequence has 40-55% identity with various mammalian interferons-alpha (IFN-alpha), and it has been shown to have antiviral activity. The present results confirm that oTP-1, which at days 15-17 of pregnancy is produced by a single embryo at more than 100 micrograms (greater than 1 million antiviral units) per day, is a functional IFN. A preparation of purified oTP-1 was made. Its amino-terminal sequence suggested that it consisted of a single homogeneous protein, so that its antiviral activity probably was not due to a contaminant. In a cytopathic effect inhibition assay with GBK-2 bovine cells challenged with vesicular stomatitis, its specific activity was 1.3 X 10(7) end point units/mg protein. It also protected GBK-2 cells against four other viruses, and A549 human cells against encephalomyocarditis virus. The antiviral activity was neutralized by an antiserum to human leukocyte IFN. Like human IFN-alpha, oTP-1 at concentrations as low as 10(-9) M inhibited the growth of GBK cells in culture and suppressed mitogen-stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into ovine lymphocytes. Possible roles for oTP-1, functioning as an IFN-alpha during early pregnancy, are discussed.
Sorbitol Dehydrogenase Inhibitors (SDIs):  A New Potent, Enantiomeric SDI, 4-[2-1<i>R</i>-Hydroxy-ethyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperazine-1-sulfonic Acid Dimethylamide (2001)

We report here on our medicinal chemistry and pharmacology efforts to provide a potent sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDI) as a tool to probe a recently disclosed hypothesis centered on the role of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) in the second step of the polyol pathway, under conditions of high glucose flux. Starting from a weak literature lead, 2, and through newly developed structure-activity relationships, we have designed and executed an unambiguous synthesis of enantiomeric SDI, 6, which is at least 10x more potent than 2. Also, 6 potently inhibits SDH in streptozotocin-diabetic rat sciatic nerve. We have described an expedient synthesis of a key building template, 33, for future research in the SDI area that may facilitate the discovery of even more potent SDIs with longer duration of action in vivo.
Analyzing and Improving the Simulation Algorithm of IEEE 802.11DCF Error Frame Model in QualNet Simulator (2010)

In this paper we focus on the concept of IEEE 802.11 DCF error frame model. Based on the analysis of the model in detail, we point out the error of the simulation algorithm of the DCF error frame model in QualNet simulation environment. Furthermore, we modify the simulation algorithm in QualNet strictly according to the specifications of the DCF error frame model. The simulation results show that compared with the original simulation algorithm, the modified algorithm can simulate the related specifications of the DCF error frame model more correctly, thus can provide more reliable simulation results.
Mathematical Structure of the Black-Oil Model for Petroleum Reservoir Simulation (1989)

This model incorporates compressibility and general mass transfer between phases. It consists of the conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium, an equation of state for the volume balance between the fluidand the rock void, Darcy’s Law for the volumetric flow rates, and component conservation equations. These relations are manipulated to form a pressure equation and a modified system of component conservation equations. It is shown that the pressure equation is parabolic and that, in the absence of diffusive forces such as capillary pressure and mixing, the component conservation equations are hyperbolic, subject to technical conditions on the relative permeabilities. This sequential formulation of the flow equations forms types of wave structures that occur for the system.
Alzheimer's Disease Drug Discovery from Herbs: Neuroprotectivity from <i> <i>β</i> </i> -Amyloid (1-42) Insult (2007)

Selective herbs may be potentially important resources to discover drug candidates against the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
Carbon dioxide-poly(vinylidene fluoride) interactions at high pressure (1998)

The article reports on the behaviour of poly(vinylidene fluoride) in carbon dioxide at 42°C and 80°C and in a pressure range of 0.1–30 MPa. Experimental techniques for the measurement of gas mass uptake and polymer dilatation are described and the corresponding data are reported as mass sorption and dilatation isotherms, respectively. The mass uptake experiment was also used to follow the evolution of the coefficient of diffusion of carbon dioxide into the polymer as a function of pressure or concentration. An analysis for the calculation of the partial molar volume of carbon dioxide as a function of pressure is also given, which shows that the ‘apparent’ partial molar volume of the carbon dioxide decreases with pressure to very low values, at high pressure. The computed values are significantly less than those for either the liquid or the solid phases of pure carbon dioxide, and also lower than some data previously reported for silicone elastomers. A consideration of the origins of this apparent anomaly is given in the conclusions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2435–2447, 1998
A Computational Systems Biology Software Platform for Multiscale Modeling and Simulation: Integrating Whole-Body Physiology, Disease Biology, and Molecular Reaction Networks (2011)

Today, in silico studies and trial simulations already complement experimental approaches in pharmaceutical R&D and have become indispensable tools for decision making and communication with regulatory agencies. While biology is multiscale by nature, project work, and software tools usually focus on isolated aspects of drug action, such as pharmacokinetics at the organism scale or pharmacodynamic interaction on the molecular level. We present a modeling and simulation software platform consisting of PK-Sim(®) and MoBi(®) capable of building and simulating models that integrate across biological scales. A prototypical multiscale model for the progression of a pancreatic tumor and its response to pharmacotherapy is constructed and virtual patients are treated with a prodrug activated by hepatic metabolization. Tumor growth is driven by signal transduction leading to cell cycle transition and proliferation. Free tumor concentrations of the active metabolite inhibit Raf kinase in the signaling cascade and thereby cell cycle progression. In a virtual clinical study, the individual therapeutic outcome of the chemotherapeutic intervention is simulated for a large population with heterogeneous genomic background. Thereby, the platform allows efficient model building and integration of biological knowledge and prior data from all biological scales. Experimental in vitro model systems can be linked with observations in animal experiments and clinical trials. The interplay between patients, diseases, and drugs and topics with high clinical relevance such as the role of pharmacogenomics, drug-drug, or drug-metabolite interactions can be addressed using this mechanistic, insight driven multiscale modeling approach.
A separate compilation extension to standard ML (2006)

We present an extension to Standard ML, called SMLSC, to support separate compilation. The system gives meaning to individual program fragments, called units. Units may depend on one another in a way specified by the programmer. A dependency may be mediated by an interface (the type of a unit); if so, the units can be compiled separately. Otherwise, they must be compiled in sequence. We also propose a methodology for programming in SMLSC that reflects code development practice and avoids syntactic repetition of interfaces. The language is given a formal semantics, and we argue that this semantics is implementable in a variety of compilers.
Determination of methylergometrine and dihydroergotoxine in biological fluids. (1981)

New hapten-carrier conjugates were prepared from 9,10-dihydro-N-[1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]-6-methylergoline-8-carboxamide 1-hemisuccinate (dihydromethylergometrine hemisuccinate) by coupling with bovine serum albumin employing the mixed anhydride technique. The specificity of anti-dihydromethylergometrine antiserum elicited in the rabbits by immunization with this antigen was tested by cross-reaction studies with methylergometrine, dihydroergotoxine, dihydroergocristine and dihydroergotamine employing [9,10-3H]-dihydromethylergometrine and [9,10-3H]-dihydroergocryptine in the radioimmunoassay procedure. These cross reactivities were observed 100% for methylergometrine, 48.3% for dihydroergotamine, 16.6% for dihydroergotoxine and 6.6% for dihydroergocristine using labeled dihydromethylergometrine. When labeled dihydroergocriptine was the results were 18.3%, 112.1%, 100% and 63.8%, respectively. Methylergometrine concentrations in the postpartal plasma and milk at 2 hr after oral administration of methylergometrine maleate (0.75 mg) to woman were 5.1 ng/ml and 1.3 ng/ml, respectively. Dihydroergotoxine concentrations in the rabbit sera after oral administration of dihydroergotoxine methanesulfonate (4 mg) were studied. The assay was satisfactory to permit the measurement of ergot alkaloid levels in the biological fluids.
Preparation and photoluminescence of nanowire array and films of cadmium sulfide by electrodepositing in organic solvent (2001)

Nanowire array and film of cadmium sulfide were prepared by electroplating in organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide with CdCl<SUB>2</SUB> and element sulfur under different temperature and current density. The UV-VIS absorption spectra show that increasing the electroplating temperature is benefit to forming perfect crystallites and the absorption peak under high electroplating temperature is ascribed to the excitonic transition. The formula of energy shift for the lowest several exci-tons is given and compared with the experiment. The photoluminescence spectrum consists of two parts: the first is pro-duced by recombination of the defects and the second by recombination of excitons.
A Point-wise Solution for the Magnetic Field Vector (2002)

Abstract : Magnetometers offer measurements that define the angle to the magnetic field. Knowledge of this restricts the axis of interest to lie on a cone centered on the magnetic field direction with an angle proportional to the measurement of magnetic field strength. With this restriction, formulae are derived for finding the relationship between the magnetic field pointing vector, the spin axis, and the magnitude of the magnetic field. Methods based on both calibrated and uncalibrated magnetometers are discussed. These formulae are also useful for the calibration of magnetometers.
West Papua: High school student killed by Indonesian police (2015)

Indonesian Police shot two senior high school students in Gorong Gorong, Timika, West Papua on September 28, the Institute for Papuan Advocacy and Human Rights (IPAHR) said the next day.
A Semiotic View of Socialisation, Lifespan Development and Cultural Psychology: With Vignettes from the Moral Culture of Traditional Hindu Households (1997)

Defining socialisation as the process of cultural communication whereby cul tural symbols interface with psychological experience, it is postulated that de velopmental psychology is a "cultural psychology". A semiotic view of social and human development is presented. This view of socialisation is different from the traditional theories of socialisation in that it emphasises that knowing and feeling, personal and cultural meaning are experientially and psycho logically fused in the person, early in life. Using a culture-centred view of human development the concepts of culture and socialisation are re-examined. Focusing on three variables for socialisation processes: the person, the social system, and culture, the paper focuses on microcommunicative processes by which cultural meanings are transformed into personal meanings. Using ex amples from Oriya Brahmin households, the general microcommunicative technique of instantiation is showcased and some of the specific techniques (such as narrative, dramatisation, and arguments) are illustrated.
Import of proteins into mitochondria: precursor forms of the extramitochondrially made F1-ATPase subunits in yeast. (1979)

The mitochondrial F1-ATPase consists of five nonidentical subunits that are synthesized outside the mitochondria and imported across both mitochondrial membranes to the matrix side of the inner membrane. In order to study the mechanism of this import, we synthesized the F1-ATPase subunits of yeast either in vitro (in a reticulocyte lysate programmed with yeast RNA) or in vivo (in pulsed and pulsed-chased yeast spheroplasts). Both in vitro and in vivo, each of the three largest ATPase subunits was synthesized as a larger precursor. When the precursors that had been synthesized in vitro were incubated with isolated yeast mitochondria, they were converted to "mature" subunits that were no longer susceptible to externally added proteases. The uptake of the subunit into the mitochondria was thus accompanied by conversion of the precursor. Since uptake of precursors into mitochondria was independent of protein synthesis and since the precursors could also be detected in vivo, the transfer of proteins from the cytosol across both mitochondrial membranes does not occur by vectorial translation. Instead, the proteins destined for import are first made outside the mitochondria as precursors and only subsequently transported into the mitochondria. This step is accompanied by proteolytic conversion of the mature subunit.
Design and Synthesis of a Trifunctional Chiral Porphyrin with C2 Symmetry as a Chiral Recognition Host for Amino Acid Esters (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign and Synthesis of a Trifunctional Chiral Porphyrin with C2 Symmetry as a Chiral Recognition Host for Amino Acid EstersTadashi Mizutani, Tadashi Ema, Takashi Tomita, Yasuhisa Kuroda, and Hisanobu OgoshiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 10, 4240–4250Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00089a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00089a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1324Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kinetic Monitoring of Electrophoretically Induced Solute Reaction by Axial Absorption Detection with Liquid-Core Waveguide (2006)

Teflon AF-2400 capillary has been used for capillary electrophoretic separation as well as for liquid-core waveguide for axial absorption detection. This separation/detection scheme has allowed continuous monitoring of electrophoretically induced reactions. In this paper, the decomposition of Cd2+ complex with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol has been tested, and its decomposition kinetics has been studied. A simple modeling has predicted the single-exponential decay of the absorbance detected by the present axial absorption detector and has allowed the estimation of the decomposition rate constant for this reaction.
A Sensitive Method for Detection of Mutations—A PCR-Based RNase Protection Assay (1995)

Several techniques are currently available for detecting point mutations in DNA. The most widely used methods either use hazardous chemicals (chemical mismatch cleavage) or can detect mutations only in short (200- to 500-bp) fragments (single-stranded conformational polymorphism and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). In an effort to develop a sensitive and reliable method for the detection of mutations in large segments of DNA, a novel RNase protection assay using RNase I was developed. In this method, the desired portion of the gene is amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific oligonucleotides and hybridized to a 32P-labeled RNA probe containing the wild-type sequence. The RNA/DNA hybrid is subsequently digested with RNase I, which cleaves the RNA at the mismatch sites. The protected RNA fragments are separated on a denaturing polyacrylamide-urea gel and detected by autoradiography. Four different RNA probes from two protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP1C and PTP2C) were assayed using this procedure. Several mutants of the two enzymes were tested using wild-type RNA probes. Single-base changes involving all four bases at the mismatch site could be detected efficiently. The ability of this method to detect insertions and single-base deletions was also demonstrated. Using a PCR-based RNase protection assay, a single-base deletion in PTP1C in the motheaten mutation in mice could be detected. Using fragments amplified from genomic DNA, mice that were heterozygous for the motheaten mutation could be distinguished from wild type and homozygotes for this mutation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparative genomics of bacterial zinc regulons: Enhanced ion transport, pathogenesis, and rearrangement of ribosomal proteins (2003)

Zinc is an important component of many proteins, but in large concentrations it is poisonous to the cell. Thus its transport is regulated by zinc repressors ZUR of proteobacteria and Gram-positive bacteria from the Bacillus group and AdcR of bacteria from the Streptococcus group. Comparative computational analysis allowed us to identify binding signals of ZUR repressors GAAATGTTATANTATAACATTTC for gamma-proteobacteria, GTAATGTAATAACATTAC for the Agrobacterium group, GATATGTTATAACATATC for the Rhododoccus group, TAAATCGTAATNATTACGATTTA for Gram-positive bacteria, and TTAACYRGTTAA of the streptococcal AdcR repressor. In addition to known transporters and their paralogs, zinc regulons were predicted to contain a candidate component of the ATP binding cassette, zinT (b1995 in Escherichia coli and yrpE in Bacillus subtilis). Candidate AdcR-binding sites were identified upstream of genes encoding pneumococcal histidine triad (PHT) proteins from a number of pathogenic streptococci. Protein functional analysis of this family suggests that PHT proteins are involved in the invasion process. Finally, repression by zinc was predicted for genes encoding a variety of paralogs of ribosomal proteins. The original copies of all these proteins contain zinc-ribbon motifs and thus likely bind zinc, whereas these motifs are destroyed in zinc-regulated paralogs. We suggest that the induction of these paralogs in conditions of zinc starvation leads to their incorporation in a fraction of ribosomes instead of the original ribosomal proteins; the latter are then degraded with subsequent release of some zinc for the utilization by other proteins. Thus we predict a mechanism for maintaining zinc availability for essential enzymes.
Effect of Pallidotomy on Postural Control and Motor Function in Parkinson Disease (1999)

Pallidotomy helped improve overall motor function in patients with parkinsonism and, for some patients, also improved postural stability.
Zwei 5‐Amino‐1.2.4‐selenadiazole (1963)

Abstract Umsetzung von Kalium‐selenocyanat mit N ‐Halogen‐benzamidin und ‐acetamidin gibt in Ausbeuten von 30–50% 5‐Amino‐1.2.4‐selenadiazole, die näher charakterisiert werden.
Biofilm dispersal in<i>Xanthomonas campestris</i>is controlled by cell–cell signaling and is required for full virulence to plants (2003)

The rpf gene cluster of Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (Xcc) is required for the pathogenesis of this bacterium to plants. Several rpf genes are involved in the coordinate positive regulation of the production of virulence factors mediated by the small diffusible molecule DSF (for diffusible signal factor). RpfF directs the synthesis of DSF, and a two-component sensory transduction system comprising RpfC and RpfG has been implicated in the perception of the DSF signal and signal transduction. In L medium, rpfF, rpfG, rpfC, and rpfGHC mutants grew as matrix-enclosed aggregates, whereas the wild type grew in a dispersed planktonic fashion. Synthesis of the extracellular polysaccharide xanthan was required for aggregate formation. Addition of DSF triggered dispersion of the aggregates formed by the rpfF strain, but not those of rpf strains defective in DSF signal transduction. An extracellular enzyme from Xcc whose synthesis was positively controlled by the DSF/rpf system could disperse the aggregates produced by all rpf strains. The enzyme was identified as the single endo-beta-1,4-mannanase encoded by the Xcc genome. This enzyme had no detectable activity against soluble xanthan. The endo-beta-1,4-mannanase was required for the full virulence of Xcc to plants. On the basis of this model system, we propose that one role of the beta-mannanase during disease is to promote transitions from an aggregated or biofilm lifestyle to a planktonic lifestyle in response to the DSF signal.
Design Considerations for a Linear Microdensitometer (1973)

Tradeoff studies and tests on the various subsystems of a microdensitometer have resulted in a recommended design configuration for a Linear Microdensitometer. The photometric subsystem includes laser sources suitable for color operation, an illumination system capable of producing a 1 um spot on the film, a wide angle collection system (NA = 1.0), a photodiode detector, and digital density conversion. Performance of the photometric system was verified by breadboard tests. The results include an MTF (square wave response) of 99 percent at 200 Qp/mm and 90 percent at 500 kp/mm, and linearity (object independence) to greater than 400 Qp/mm. The photometric precision is ±0.01 D from 0 D to 2 D and ±0.02 D from 2 D to 4 D. These specifications are attained at scanning speeds up to 8000 samples per second. A two-beam optical system and automatic focus control ensure photometric repeatability. The two-axis stage is driven by phase-locked loop servos incorporating interferometric position sensors. The servos permit scanning at skew angles, obviating stage rotation. The stage sub-system is precise to within ±0.5 pm over 5 inches of travel. Stage speed is variable from 0.4 mm/sec to 40 mm/sec. Human factors features include rapid sample acquisition by virtue of a viewing system with magnification variable from 16X to 200X and simplified operator control through a CRT graphic terminal.