gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid micro assembly of microchips on segmented patterns (2010)

This paper reports a novel process that positions RFID chips on segmented artificial antenna pattern using hybrid assembly technology. A droplet of water is firstly dispensed to an artificial pattern composed of four pads. Then a 730×730μm RFID chip with four bumps of 20μm in height is released onto the artificial pattern using a robotic microgripper. Finally the RFID chip is self-aligned with the outer edge of the pattern due to the surface tension of water. The artificial antenna pattern is designed to have four pads on the substrate to mimic the shape of the real antenna with four electric or mechanical connections. The pattern is hydrophilic, while the rest of the substrate is hydrophobic. A series of experiments have been carried out to understand the influences of the hydrophobic gap to the result of self-alignment, as well as to clarify the influence of dispensing position and releasing bias to the result of self-alignment. The result indicates that RFID chips can be reliably assembled on the segmented pattern with 50 μm and 100 μm gaps, and the assembly is also possible with larger gaps. There is also no obvious influence towards the assembly results by choosing dispensing water to the releasing position or dispensing water to the center of the antenna. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the self alignment between the RFID chips and the pattern occurs reliably when the releasing bias between the RFID and antenna is less than 300μm for patterns with 50 μm and 100 μm gaps.
Stereoselective Preparation of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octanones From the Products of Aprotic Conjugate Addition of Lithiated Allylic Sulfoxides to Cyclopent-2-enone and Enolate Trapping With Methyl Cyanoformate (1989)

The lithium enolates arising by aprotic conjugate addition of lithiated but-2-enyl sulfoxides and a phosphine oxide to cyclopent-2-enone react efficiently with methyl cyanoformate to give the corresponding methyl 5-oxocyclopentanecarboxylates in good yields. The sulfoxides are smoothly deoxygenated with tributylphosphine diiodide in ether at 0º, and the resulting sulfides undergo intramolecular cyclization in the presence of tin(IV)chloride to give methyl oxobicyclo [3.3.0] octanecarboxylates , again in good to excellent yields. The cyclizations are highly stereoselective in that the syn- and anti-stereochemistries of the enolate trapped products obtained from (E)-and (Z)- sulfoxides are quantitatively reflected in the products obtained from the cyclization reactions.
Merchant Sharing Towards a Zero Marginal Cost Economy (2014)

This paper is the first attempt to formalize a new field of economics; studding the Intangibles Goods available on the Internet. We are taking advantage of the digital world's specific rules, in particular the zero marginal cost, to propose a theory of trading & sharing unified. A function based money is created as a world-wide currency; "cup". We argue that our system discourage speculation activities while it makes easy captured taxes for governments. The implementation removes the today's paywall on the Internet and provides a simple-to-use, open-source, free-of-charge, highly-secure, person-to-person, privacy-respectful, digital payment tool for citizens, using standard smart-phones with a strong authentication. Next step will be the propagation of the network application and we expect many shared benefits for the whole economics development.
A Proactive Approach to Address Solids (Wax and Asphaltene) Precipitation During Hydrocarbon Production (1998)

Abstract The identification of conditions at which the first crystal of wax or asphaltene appears is the first step toward seeking any remedial options. Various procedures exist in determining the onset of wax and asphaltene precipitation conditions. Among these various processes, acoustic resonance technology (ART) is a newly developed method for the highly accurate non-optical determination of phase transitions in high temperature and pressure reservoir fluids. The acoustic resonance experiments were conducted under a depressurization mode to detect the onset of asphaltene precipitation at a fixed experimental temperature. During the depressurization runs, acoustic features corresponding to the onset of asphaltene precipitation or solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) conditions were detected as the system pressures were decreased from reservoir conditions. Subsequently, during the same run, the acoustic features were also detected that signified the vapor-liquid (VLE) equilibrium conditions. In addition, isobaric cooling experiments were also conducted to identify the onset of wax precipitation. The isobaric cooling experiments detected the features corresponding to wax precipitation (SLE) conditions. Results defining the SLE and VLE conditions of reservoir crudes containing asphaltenes and wax are extremely promising. Comparison of the VLE data obtained using ART with that obtained using an optical method showed excellent agreement. In addition, comparison of SLE data obtained using ART showed excellent agreement with that obtained using a light-scattering technique where the light scattering technique is applicable.
Simultaneous isolation of two different <i>m</i> / <i>z</i> ions in an ion‐trap mass spectrometer and their tandem mass spectra using filtered‐noise fields (1993)

Abstract For the first time, molecular ions from two different compounds have been simultaneously isolated in an ion‐trap mass spectrometer and their subsequent tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) obtained. Isolation was achieved by applying a filtered‐noise field (FNF) to the end‐caps of a FinniganMAT ion‐trap mass spectrometer (ITMS) using the Teledyne MEC/Hitachi HST‐1000 Enhancement Kit. The HST‐1000 generates a broadband waveform that would normally eject all ions from the trap. However, by setting notches in the waveform that correspond to certain resonant frequencies, individual masses can be isolated and stored in the trap without the need for the conventional DC voltage on the ring electrode. Using this FNF technique, the molecular ions of p ‐dichlorobenzene ( m/z 146) and 1,3,5‐trimethylbcnzene ( m/z 120) were simultaneously isolated from a 42‐component mixture of volatile organic compounds. Each molecular ion was collisionally dissociated by applying a resonance excitation (‘tickle’) voltage from the HST‐1000, and the spectrum for each molecular ion was obtained by scanning the RF voltage to the ring electrode.
Transvesical Endoscopic Peritoneoscopy: A Novel 5 mm Port for Intra-Abdominal Scarless Surgery (2006)

Transvesical endoscopic peritoneoscopy was technically feasible and it could be safely performed in a porcine model. This study provides encouragement for additional preclinical studies of transvesical surgery with or without combinations with other natural orifices approaches to design new intra-abdominal scarless procedures in what seems to be third generation surgery.
Room-temperature, continuous-wave operation for mode-stabilised AlGaInP visible-light semiconductor laser with a multiquantum-well active layer (1988)

646 nm continuous-wave operation at room temperature (25°C) has been achieved by a transverse mode stabilised AlGaInP laser diode with a (multi-)quantum-well structure. The laser structure was grown by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy. The threshold current (density) is 55 mA (4.4 kA/cm2) and maximum light output power is 19 mW. Stable fundamental transverse-mode operation was obtained, at least up to 15mW.
Germanium and Silicon Film Growth by Low-Energy Ion Beam Deposition (1977)

The design and characteristics of a low-energy ion beam deposition system are discussed. In the system, metal ions with an energy of 100 eV are deposited onto the substrate at a current density of 4–5 µA/cm2. Germanium single crystalline films are deposited on germanium (111) and silicon (111) substrate at substrate temperatures above 300°C. In the case of deposition below 200°C, films are found to be amorphous and re-crystallized by annealing above 300°C. When the ion energy over 500 eV is used, sputtering of the substrate is dominant and deposition is not observed for Ge+ ions and the silicon substrate combination. The results demonstrated the feasibility of growing thin film by low-energy ion beam deposition.
Increased Scalability and Power Efficiency by Using Multiple Speed Pipelines (2005)

One of the most important problems faced by microarchitecture designers is the poor scalability of some of the current solutions with increased clock frequencies and wider pipelines. As several studies show, internal processor structures scale differently with decreasing device sizes. While in some cases the access latency is determined by the speed of the logic circuitry, for others it is dominated by the interconnect delay. Furthermore, while some stages can be super-pipelined with relatively small performance loss, others must be kept atomic. This paper proposes a possible solution to this problem, avoiding the traditional trade-off between parallelism and clock speed. First, allowing instructions to enter and leave the Issue Window in an asynchronously manner enables faster speeds in the front-end at the expense of small synchronization latencies. Second, using an Execution Cache for storing instructions that are already scheduled allows for bypassing the issue circuitry and thus clocking the execution core at higher frequencies. Combined, these two mechanisms result in a 50% to 60% performance increase for our test microarchitecture, without requiring a completely new scheduling mechanism. Furthermore, the proposed microarchitecture requires significantly less energy, with 30% reduction in a 0.13um or 20% in a 0.06um process technology over the original baseline.
Evaluation of the Radiance FN Soft Tissue Filler for Facial Soft Tissue Augmentation (2004)

Radiance FN is highly effective and well tolerated when used for facial soft tissue augmentation. Additional experience with longer follow-up will help determine the most appropriate use and long-term safety for the implant.
The Correlation between the HBcAg Content and Its Cellular Apoptotic Rate as Well as the Expression of Apo2.7 Factor in Liver Needling-Biopsy Tissue with CHB by Flow Cytometric Analysis (2003)

To investigate the correlation between the HBcAg content and its cellular apoptotic rate (CAR),as well as the expression of Apo2 7 factor in liver needling biopsy tissue with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),thirty seven patients with CHB were performed liver needling biopsy and the tissues were made into cellular suspension Then immunologically marked by fluorescent monoantibody of HBcAg and Apo2 7 (a mitochondral membrane protein),as well as painted by AnnexinV FITC/Propidium iodide(PI) and assayed its CAR,which could distinguished early apoptotic cells from necrotic cells All were quantitatively measured by flow cytometry(FCM) At the same time the common HE sections were pathologically examined The results were that:there was different percentage of apoptotic cells from necrotic cells in liver needling biopsy tissue with CHB The percent of necrotic cells and CAR in III degree damage patients were statistically more than that in I degree damage ones ( P 0 01) The HBcAg content was statistically correlated with its CAR and the expressive level of Apo2 7 factor This article suggested that the analysis of CAR and the expressive level of Apo2 7 factor could directly determine the tissue damage degree and detected curate effect,which might has important clinic significance
Stratos: A Network-Aware Orchestration Layer for Middleboxes in the Cloud (2013)

Enterprises want their in-cloud services to leverage the performance and security benefits that middleboxes offer in traditional deployments. Such virtualized deployments create new opportunities (e.g., flexible scaling) as well as new challenges (e.g., dynamics, multiplexing) for middlebox management tasks such as service composition and provisioning. Unfortunately, enterprises lack systematic tools to efficiently compose and provision in-the-cloud middleboxes and thus fall short of achieving the benefits that cloud-based deployments can offer. To this end, we present the design and implementation of Stratos, an orchestration layer for virtual middleboxes. Stratos provides efficient and correct composition in the presence of dynamic scaling via software-defined networking mechanisms. It ensures efficient and scalable provisioning by combining middlebox-specific traffic engineering, placement, and horizontal scaling strategies. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Stratos using an experimental prototype testbed and large-scale simulations.
Negative feedback regulation of<i>dnaK</i>,<i>clpB</i>and<i>lon</i>expression by the DnaK chaperone machine in<i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i>, identified by transcriptome and<i>in vivo</i>DnaK‐depletion analysis (2003)

The dnaK operon of Streptomyces coelicolor encodes the DnaK chaperone machine and the negative autoregulator HspR, which confers repression of the operon by binding to several inverted repeat sequences in the promoter region, dnaKp. Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that DnaK forms a specific complex with HspR bound to its operator sequences in dnaKp, and a model was proposed in which DnaK functions as a corepressor of the dnaK operon (Bucca, G., Brassington, A., Schonfeld, H.J., and Smith, C.P. (2000) Mol Microbiol 38: 1093-1103). Here we report in vivo DnaK depletion experiments which demonstrate that DnaK is a negative regulator of the dnaK operon. Cellular depletion of the DnaK chaperone leads to high-level transcription from dnaKp at the normal growth temperature. DNA microarray-based analysis of gene expression in wild-type and hspR-disruption mutant strains has identified a core cluster of genes regulated by HspR: the dnaK and clpB-SCO3660 operons and lon. These three transcription units are considered to be the direct targets of HspR. Significantly, analysis of the entire genome sequence revealed that the promoter regions of dnaK, clpB and lon are the only sequences that contain the HspR consensus binding sequence 5'-TTGAGY-N7-ACTCAA. S1 nuclease mapping confirmed that transcription of both clpB and lon is substantially enhanced at ambient temperature in strains depleted of DnaK, providing further evidence that these genes are members of the DnaK-HspR regulon. From transcriptome analysis, 17 genes were shown to be upregulated more than twofold in an hspR disruption mutant. This included the seven genes encoded by the dnaK, clpB and lon transcription units. Significantly, the other 10 genes are not heat-shock inducible in the wild type and their upregulation in the hspR mutant is considered to be an indirect consequence of enhanced synthesis of one or more components of the HspR regulon (the DnaK chaperone machine, ClpB and Lon protease).
An Overview of the Visible and Infrared Scanner Radiometric Calibration Algorithm (2000)

The Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) is one of the principal instruments on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. VIRS measurements provide cloud-top temperatures and structures that complement the rainfall rates derived from other TRMM sensors. The VIRS radiometric calibration algorithm converts the digital data downlinked from the instrument into spectral radiances. VIRS has five bands: one in the visible, one in the shortwave infrared, and three in the thermal infrared. The calibration algorithm treats each band in the same manner except that the visible and shortwave infrared bands do not respond to the thermal radiation emitted by the instrument, and these bands do not have the nonlinear responses with input radiance found in the thermal bands. The calibration coefficients for the visible and shortwave infrared bands were determined in the laboratory before launch. VIRS carries a reference blackbody that is used to update the calibration coefficients for the thermal bands for each scan of the instrument on orbit. In addition, VIRS uses an onboard diffuser to view the Sun approximately once per month. The VIRS radiometric algorithm uses measurements of these reference sources to provide calibrated spectral radiances for each Earth pixel that it views.
Polarized Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Coupled Metallic Nanowires (2005)

Regular-shaped metal nanocrystals and their ensembles can serve as ideal substrates for studying surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We synthesized well-defined silver nanowires for a systematic study of SERS signal with respect to polarization and structural ordering. The observed dependence on polarization direction confirms prior theoretical predictions that large electromagnetic (EM) fields are localized in the interstitials between adjacent nanowires. We show that these modes are largely dipolar in nature and rely on short-range EM coupling between nanowires.
Oral prophylactic procedures and gingival health among Nigerian school children. (1991)

Various researchers have advocated the use of chewing sticks in community oral health programmes because they are readily available, cheaper than the toothbrush and paste, and are found to possess antiplaque properties. Oral health education is essential for enlightenment on good oral health maintenance. The study was thus aimed at educating children on how to maintain a good oral health (including the efficient use of various oral hygiene implements) and noting the impact on their gingival health. 120 school children with no gingival disease, aged 12 to 14 years, participated in the study. They were all examined intra-orally and their plaque scores were recorded. After two weeks of oral health education programmes, they were randomly assigned into three equal groups, each group using either the toothbrush/paste, the Massularia acuminata chewing stick or the Sorindeia warneckei chewing stick for three months. Their plaque scores and gingivitis incidence were recorded. 36.0% had gingivitis, 2.0% had periodontitis with pocketing greater than or equal to 5 mm, and about 3.0% had gingival recession. More toothbrush users than the chewing stick users in the study had gingivitis (P less than .05). The inherent danger in introducing unfamiliar oral hygiene procedures to children without close monitoring is highlighted. Whatever mode of oral hygiene is adopted for use in children, adequate supervision by knowledgeable parents and teachers, and close monitoring by oral health personnel is mandatory in order to ensure effective use.
Demonstration of a humoral inhibitor of the Na+-K+ pump in some models of experimental hypertension. (1981)

We have previously shown that ouabaln-sensitive M Rb uptake, a measure of Na + -K + pump activity, is decreased in the blood vessels of dogs with one-kidney, one wrapped hypertension and rats with onekidney, DOCA, saline hypertension. We here extend the study to rats with one-kidney, one clip and reduced renal mass-saline hypertension. We also assayed supernates of boiled plasma from three of these models for ouabain-sensitive u Rb uptake suppressing activity. Finally, we examined the influence of the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) lesion in the rat on vascular pump and plasma supernate activities. We found that ouabain-sensitive M Rb uptake is suppressed in the tail arteries of rats with one-kidney, one clip and reduced renal mass hypertension and that plasma supernates from these rats and from dogs with one-kidney, one wrapped hypertension suppress M Rb uptake when applied to tail arteries from normal rats. We also found that, in the volume-expanded state, rats with AV3V lesions had higher vascular ouabain-sensitive M Rb uptake than rats with sham lesions and evidence for decreased inhibitory activity of the plasma. These findings suggest that reduced vascular Na + -K + pump activity is common to several models of experimental hypertension and that this defect results from a heat-stable ouabain-like agent in plasma that originates in or is influenced by the AV3V area of the brain. (Hypertension 3 (suppl II): II-96-II-101, 1981)
A model of the near magnetosphere with a dawn‐dusk asymmetry 1. Mathematical structure (2002)

A new empirical magnetic field model has been developed, representing the variable configuration of the inner and near magnetosphere for different interplanetary conditions and the ground disturbance levels. This paper describes the mathematical structure of the model, while the results of fitting it to a new set of spacecraft data are presented in a companion paper. The general approach remains the same as in the earlier T96 model, but the mathematical description of all major sources of the magnetospheric field now applies recently developed new methods. In particular, the field deformation technique is extensively used, making it possible to realistically and flexibly represent the fields of the cross‐tail current, the ring current, and the Region 1 and 2 Birkeland currents. The new model ring current includes not only the axisymmetric component but also a partial ring current with field‐aligned closure currents, a feature absent in earlier data‐based models. The field of the cross‐tail current includes two modules whose current densities vary along the Sun‐Earth line with different rates. The cross‐tail current sheet warps in two dimensions in response to the geodipole tilt, its inner edge shifts along the Sun‐Earth line with growing disturbance, and its thickness varies along and across the tail. Birkeland currents of Regions 1 and 2 vary in response to interplanetary conditions, so that at ionospheric altitudes they shift in latitude and change their distribution in local time. The magnetospheric boundary is specified using a most recent empirical model [ Shue et al. , 1998 ]; its size is controlled by the solar wind ram pressure, and its shape also varies in response to changes of the Earth's dipole tilt angle. The model magnetopause ensures a full confinement of the fields of all sources inside the magnetopause, regardless of its shape and size. The model also includes an interplanetary magnetic field–controlled interconnection field, allowing a finite normal B n at the magnetopause and hence open magnetospheric configurations.
Chiral Bifluorophoric Perylene Dyes with Unusually High CD Effects – a Simple Model for the Photosynthesis Reaction Center (1997)

Abstract The synthesis of a bifluorophoric perylene dye ( 4a ) is described, in which the two chromophores are linked by a chiral binaphthyl unit. A strong exciton coupling of the two chromophores, a bathochromically shifted fluorescence and strong CD effects are observed. The structure of 4 is compared to the photosynthesis reaction center.
An Alternative Eukaryotic DNA Excision Repair Pathway (1995)

DNA lesions induced by UV light, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, and (6-4)pyrimidine pyrimidones are known to be repaired by the process of nucleotide excision repair (NER). However, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, studies have demonstrated that at least two mechanisms for excising UV photo-products exist; NER and a second, previously unidentified process. Recently we reported that S. pombe contains a DNA endonuclease, SPDE, which recognizes and cleaves at a position immediately adjacent to cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and (6-4)pyrimidine pyrimidones. Here we report that the UV-sensitive S. pombe rad12-502 mutant lacks SPDE activity. In addition, extracts prepared from the rad12-502 mutant are deficient in DNA excision repair, as demonstrated in an in vitro excision repair assay. DNA repair activity was restored to wild-type levels in extracts prepared from rad12-502 cells by the addition of partially purified SPDE to in vitro repair reaction mixtures. When the rad12-502 mutant was crossed with the NER rad13-A mutant, the resulting double mutant was much more sensitive to UV radiation than either single mutant, demonstrating that the rad12 gene product functions in a DNA repair pathway distinct from NER. These data directly link SPDE to this alternative excision repair process. We propose that the SPDE-dependent DNA repair pathway is the second DNA excision repair process present in S. pombe.