gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemistry of human choriogonadotropin. (1984)

Human choriogonadotropin is the placental member of the homologous glycoprotein hormone family which includes the pituitary hormones lutropin, follitropin and thyrotropin all of which share a common alpha subunit but different target-specific beta subunits. HCG differs chemically from the pituitary hormones by its higher carbohydrate content, high sialic acid content, lack of sulfation, longer plasma half-Life and capability to survive passage through the kidney essentially intact. Since crystallographic models are not available, hormone topography has been explored by immunochemical methods using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Studies of the immunochemistry of the beta COOH-terminal region have shown that determinants dependant upon carbohydrate content exist within this region. Such work also led to development of extremely sensitive and specific immunoassays for measurement of the hormone.
Flavor and odor thresholds in water of selected orange juice components (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlavor and odor thresholds in water of selected orange juice componentsEsam M. Ahmed, Raymond A. Dennison, Richard H. Dougherty, and Philip E. ShawCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 1, 187–191Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60215a074https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60215a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1313Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and Implementation of Multisteerable Matched Filters (2011)

Image analysis problems such as feature tracking, edge detection, image enhancement, or texture analysis require thedetection of multi-oriented patterns which can appear at arbitrary orientations. Direct rotated matched filtering for feature detection is computationally expensive, but can be sped up with steerable filters. So far, steerable filter approaches were limited to only one direction. Many important low-level image features are, however, characterized by more than a single orientation. We therefore present here a framework for efficiently detecting specific multi-oriented patterns with arbitrary orientations in grayscale images. The core idea is to construct multisteerable filters by appropriate combinations of single-steerable filters. We exploit that steerable filters are closed under addition and multiplication. This allows to derive a design guide for multisteerable filters by means of multivariate polynomials. Furthermore, we describe an efficient implementation scheme and discuss the use of weighting functions to reduce angular oscillations. Applications in camera calibration, junction analysis of images from plant roots, and the discrimination of L, T, and X-junctions demonstrate the potential of this approach.
Switchable lenticular based 2D/3D displays (2007)

The use of an LCD equipped with lenticular lenses is an attractive route to achieve an autostereoscopic multi-view 3D display without losing brightness. However, such a display suffers from a low spatial resolution since the pixels are divided over various views. To overcome this problem we developed switchable displays, using LC-filled switchable lenticulars. In this way it is possible to have a high-brightness 3D display capable to regain the full native 2D resolution of the underlying LCD. We showed the feasibility of LC-filled switchable lenticulars in several applications. For applications in which it is advantageous to be able to display 3D and 2D on the same screen, we made a prototype having a matrix electrode structure. A problem with LC-filled lenses is that in the 2D state there is a residual lens effect at oblique angles. This effect and a possible solution are discussed as well.
The Kinetics of the α-Chymotrypsin-catalyzed Oxygen Exchange of Carboxylic Acids<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Kinetics of the α-Chymotrypsin-catalyzed Oxygen Exchange of Carboxylic Acids1Myron L. Bender and Kenneth C. KempCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 1, 116–120Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01558a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01558a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ammonia monitoring near 15 µm with diode-laser absorption sensors (2001)

We investigated ammonia spectroscopy near 1.5 mum to select transitions appropriate for trace ammonia detection in air-quality and combustion emissions-monitoring applications using diode lasers. Six ammonia features were selected for these trace-gas detection applications based on their transition strengths and isolation from interfering species. The strengths, positions, and lower-state energies for the lines in each of these features were measured and compared with values published in the literature. Ammonia slip was measured in the exhaust above an atmospheric pressure premixed ethylene-air burner to demonstrate the feasibility of the in situ diode-laser sensor.
Acoustic characteristics of an electrodynamic planar digital loudspeaker using noise shaping technology (2005)

The present study extends our previous work [Furihata et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 174-184 (2003)] by investigating our electrodynamic planar loudspeaker when driven by a 12 bit digital signal with noise shaping. Changing the structure of the loudspeaker can lead to improvement, but in this paper improvements that can be made using signal processing are investigated. Results show that the digital loudspeaker demonstrated good linearity over its 84 dB dynamic range from 40 Hz to 10 kHz. This shows that a 12 bit digital loudspeaker which is equivalent to a 16 bit one is possible.
An implementation of a technique for sharing variables in Time Warp (2002)

For some systems, the use of shared variables is a natural means to model the desirable interactions in a parallel discrete event simulation. We propose an implementation of a technique which uses a full replication strategy to share variables in distributed memory systems using Time Warp. The implementation handles causal effects and tie breaks between accesses. We show that the technique can be implemented in three different ways: aggressive cancellation, lazy cancellation and optimised scheme of rollback in order to enhance performance. An evaluation of implementations of the technique is provided using an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synchronous bus arbitration with constant logic per module (2002)

A novel technique for distributed synchronous bus arbitration is presented. The proposed scheme is based on two orthogonal arbitration functions, one that employs bounded-weight binary codes, and another that employs unitary codes. This scheme trades off bus-width with arbitration-time and arbitration logic per device, such that both arbitration time and arbitration logic (per device) can be reduce by increasing bus width. Alternatively, this method allows the number of devices connected to a bus to be increased without changing the arbitration logic of each device (or the number of arbitration steps), only the width of the arbitration bus must be increased in this case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of Isoprene Biosynthesis Pathway Enzymes by Phosphonates, Bisphosphonates, and Diphosphates (2004)

We have investigated the docking of a variety of inhibitors and substrates to the isoprene biosynthesis pathway enzymes farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS), isopentenyl diphosphate/dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase (IPPI) and deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) using the Lamarckian genetic alogorithm program, AutoDock. The docked ligand structures are predicted with a approximately 0.8 A rms deviation from the structures determined crystallographically. The errors found are a function of the number of atoms in the ligand (R = 0.91, p < 0.0001) and, to a lesser extent, on the resolution of the crystallographic structure (R = 0.70, p < 0.008). The structures of three isoprenoid diphosphates docked to the FPPS enzyme reveal strong electrostatic interactions with Mg(2+), lysine and arginine active site residues. Similar results are obtained with the docking of four IPPI inhibitors to the IPPI enzyme. The DXR substrate, deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate, is found to dock to Mn(2+)-NADPH-DXR in an almost identical manner as does the inhibitor fosimdomycin to Mn(2+)-DXR (ligand heavy atom rms deviation = 0.90 A) and is poised to interact with NADPH. Bisphosphonate inhibitors are found to bind to the allylic binding sites in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic FPPSs, in good accord with recent crystallographic results (a 0.4 A rms deviation from the X-ray structure with the E. coli enzyme). Overall, these results show for the first time that the geometries of a broad variety of phosphorus-containing inhibitors and substrates of isoprene biosynthesis pathway enzymes can be well predicted by using computational methods, which can be expected to facilitate the design of novel inhibitors of these enzymes.
Quantum frequency conversion of quantum memory compatible photons to telecommunication wavelengths (2013)

We report an experiment demonstrating quantum frequency conversion of weak light pulses compatible with atomic quantum memories to telecommunication wavelengths. We use a PPLN nonlinear waveguide to convert weak coherent states at the single photon level with a duration of 30 ns from a wavelength of 780 nm to 1552 nm. We measure a maximal waveguide internal (external) conversion efficiency η(int) = 0.41 (η(ext) = 0.25), and we show that the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is good enough to reduce the input photon number below 1. In addition, we show that the noise generated by the pump beam in the crystal is proportional to the spectral bandwidth of the device, suggesting that narrower filtering could significantly increase the SNR. Finally, we demonstrate that the quantum frequency converter can operate in the quantum regime by converting a time-bin qubit and measuring the qubit fidelity after conversion.
Magnetic Domain Structures in Thin Uniaxial Plates with Perpendicular Easy Axis (1971)

We present a convenient formulation of the single-domain energy in the wall-energy model and minimize the total energy of a lattice of cylindrical domains and of a parallel-stripe array in an infinite plate. The latter structure is shown to have the lower energy for external transverse fields Hex&lt;H1 while the lattice is favored for H1≤Hex&lt;H2. The critical domain sizes and fields bounding these structures are calculated as functions of the plate thickness and the material parameters. The factors which affect the evolution of the domain structures in finite and nearly defect-free plates are discussed and the following conclusions drawn: Domain nucleation is favored by the presence of nonuniformities such as cracks or mounds. Stripes nucleated at cracks or boundaries expand and contract with one end tied to the nucleation point and there may be only as many stripes as nucleation centers. An energy barrier inhibits the separation of a domain from (or the joining to) a free edge boundary or another domain. Closed domains are repelled by boundaries and alternate between stripe- and bubble-domain configurations as the local field varies below and above the critical stripe-bubble instability value. The qualitative conclusions can be quantified to some extent in the wall-energy model and provide a satisfactory explanation of the domain structures observed in a high-mobility garnet film.
The solubility of carbon dioxide in water at high temperatures (1959)

There are few results available in the literature for the solubilities of gases in water over 1OOOC, and for the geologically important gas, carbon dioxide, there is no information. In this paper the presentation and interpretation of high-temperature gas solubilities is discussed, and values are reported for the solubility of carbon dioxide in water up to 3500C. The anomalous behavior of water compared with other liquids as a solvent for gases is reviewed briefly, Extrapolation of solubility data from low temperatures can be completely misleading unless it is realized that gas solubility coefficients pass through minimum values, usually in the temperature range 700 to 2000C.
Type 1 Regulatory T Cells and Regulatory B Cells Induced by Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells (2013)

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells that are capable of both activating immune responses and inducing tolerance. Several studies have revealed efficiency of therapeutic vaccination with tolerogenic DC (tolDC) in inhibition of experimental autoimmunity. The purpose of this study was to compare four different protocols for generation of tolDC - the antidiabetic drug troglitazone (TGZ DC), NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 (BAY DC), prostaglandin D2 metabolite 15d-PGJ2 (PGJ DC) and a combination of dexamethasone and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (DexVD3 DC) regarding phenotype, cytokine production and T cell stimulatory capacity. TGZ DC and BAY DC had a phenotype comparable to immature DC, while DexVD3 DC were more macrophage like. Analysis of cytokine production using cell culture supernatants from all DC populations revealed that DexVD3 DC were efficient producers of IL-10 and produced less pro-inflammatory cytokines. T cells primed with DexVD3 DC showed reduced proliferation, and further analyses of these T cells revealed that functionally effective type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1) but not FoxP3(+) Treg were induced. Furthermore, DexVD3 DC promoted the induction of regulatory B cells (Breg). Together, these results indicate that DexVD3 DC have the best potential to be used in a tolerogenic antigen-presenting cell-based immunotherapy setting.
Pulmonary oat cell carcinomas. Expression of plasma membrane antigen correlated with presence of cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules. (1979)

A plasma membrane antigen highly associated with pulmonary oat cell carcinoma has recently been identified. Expression of this surface antigen was now examined in routine surgical pathology material from 32 primary lung tumors by immunostaining. The staining patterns of 17 tumors diagnosed as oat cell carcinoma by light microscopy were compared to those of 10 epidermoid carcinomas, four carcinoid tumors, and one lymphocytic lymphoma. In addition, when available, the oat cell carcinoma group was also studied by electron microscopy for demonstration of cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules. Twelve of the 17 oat cell carcinomas and one of the epidermoid carcinomas expressed the antigen. In this group of small cell tumors of the lung, aggrement was found between the expression of this immunochemical marker and the presence of neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm of the tumors. Demonstration of this surface antigen in routine surgical pathologic material may be a useful aid in the diagnosis of these tumors. The failure of a group of tumors, which satisfied the light microscopic criteria for oat cell carcinoma to stain for the antigen, demonstrates heterogeneity within the oat cell carcinoma group.
Contraband identification in sealed containers using neutron transmission (1997)

A neutron transmission spectrometer has been used to determine the presence of contraband substances in sealed containers. A pulsed 'white' neutron source was created by allowing a pulsed beam of 5 MeV deuterons to impinge on a thick beryllium target. The neutron intensity was measured from about 0.8 MeV to about 4 MeV, first with the sample out of the beam and then with the sample in the beam to determine the neutron attenuation as a function of neutron energy. The neutron attenuation can be considered as the signature of the sample and can be used by a trained neutral network to identify contraband directly. The neutron attenuation can also be used along with the total cross sections to determine the number density of H, C, N and O in the neutron beam. These number densities can be used in a trained neutral network to determine the presence of contraband. Previous work used collimated neutron beams to determine the signatures of many substances individually and when imbedded in suitcases. This work is now being extended to include the complete suitcase using a a cone beam of neutrons and an array detector which covers the complete suitcase.
Selective Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists. 4. Discovery and Structure−Activity Relationships of Stilbene Acid and Alcohol Derivatives (1998)

This publication describes the synthesis and optimization of a novel series of stilbene endothelin antagonists. Analysis of the SAR established for previous papers in this series prompted the design and synthesis of (Z)-4-phenyl-5-(3-benzyloxyphenyl)pent-4-enoic acid 3 which was found to be a moderately active inhibitor of the binding of [125I]ET-1 to ETA receptors with an IC50 of 6 microM. More interestingly, the intermediate compound (E)-2-phenyl-3-(3-benzyloxyphenyl)propenoic acid 5 was equiactive with 3. Optimization of 5 resulted in the preparation of (E)-2-phenyl-3-(2-cyano-5-(thien-3-ylmethoxy))phenylprope noic acid 18 (RPR111723) which had an IC50 in the binding assay of 80 nM on the ETA receptor and a pKB of 6.5 in the functional assay, measured on rat aortic strips. Reduction of the acid group of 5 gave the first nonacidic ETA antagonist in our series, (E)-2-phenyl-3-(3-benzyloxyphenoxy)prop2-enol 6 with an IC50 of 20 microM. Optimization of 6 resulted in the preparation of 2-(2-methylphenyl)-3-(2-cyano-5-(thien-3-ylmethyl)phenyl)pro p-2-enol 33 with an IC50 of 300 nM on the ETA receptor.
Network Traffic Identification Based on Online Clustering (2011)

To solve the problem of network traffic identification online,a clustering algorithm and a traffic identification scheme is proposed.The scheme uses a few number of the initial data packets in the flows as a sub-flow,extracts the statistical features from sub-flows,and extracts the best feature subset of sub-flows by applying correlation-based filter approach.The network traffic flows are clustered by on-line density based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm,and mapped to application types by the dominant application in clusters.Experiments show that the scheme can identify new application types and encrypted flows,and can be implemented in online network traffic classification.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibits the development of autoimmune‐mediated vasculitis in mice (2012)

These findings strongly indicate that eNOS serves as a negative regulator of vasculitis in MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice and further suggest that NO produced by this enzyme may be critical for inhibiting lesion formation and vascular damage in human vasculitic diseases.
Short-term Effects of Ambient Temperature on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2017)

Background: Hypertension is a major worldwide public health problem. Previous studies have indicated that ambient temperature is associated with blood pressure (BP), but the nature of this association remains unclear. Objective: The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between ambient temperature and BP. Methods: We performed a systematic search of the literature indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect between 1980 and 2016. The pooled effect sizes for exposure to low/moderate temperatures, as well as high-temperature exposure, were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Fifteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Twelve of these reported the effects of low/moderate-temperature exposure, two reported the effects of high-temperature exposure, and one reported the effects of both low/moderate- and high-temperature exposure. For low/moderate-temperature exposure, 1°C decrease in temperature was associated with 0.40 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-0.46) increase in systolic BP and 0.13 mmHg (95% CI: 0.08-0.18) increase in diastolic BP. For high-temperature exposure, the relationship between BP and temperature was not statistically significant. Conclusion: For low/moderate-temperature exposure, a decrease in temperature was associated with an increase in BP. In contrast, the relationship between high-temperature exposure and BP was not statistically significant.
SAR Image Simulation of Man-Made Scenes based on Computer Graphics (2008)

To enhance the computational efficiency and authenticity of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image simulation of man-made scenes, computer graphics (CG) method was introduced into imaging geometry simulation, graphical electromagnetic computing (GRECO) was used for the interested target scattering calculation. With these two methods, the targets' characteristics will be visualized in simulated image, such as shadow, foreshortening, layover and simple scattering property. The simulated SAR images can be used for target recognition, target detection, system verification and other researches.
Synthesis of Endothiopeptides and Their Cyclization to 1,3-Thiazol-5(4H)-imines (1999)

Further investigations of the synthesis of endothio analogues of the segment 1 – 10 (8) of an apolar analogon of zervamicin IIA are described. The endothiodecapeptide Boc-Trp-Ile-Ala-Aib-Ile-Val-Aib-Leu-Aib-Ψ(CS)-Pro-OMe (10) has been prepared in good yield by our novel methodology. On the other hand, all attempts to prepare endothio analogues of 8 with the thioamide group at position 3 (Alat) gave not the expected linear endothiopeptides but led to epimerized 1,3-thiazol-5(4H)-imine derivatives as the main products. The mixture of epimers of the thiazolimines 27, 30, and 31 have been separated by means of preparative HPLC, and their structures have been established by 2D-NMR experiments.