gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF SEXUAL AND VEGETATIVE ORGANS ON DETACHED FOREST TREE BRANCHES CULTURED IN THE GREENHOUSE (1945)

Experiments on the relation of nutrient solutions to development of seeds on detached branches of Populus grandidentata showed distilled water to be superior to solutions of Hoagland's, sucrose, or Hoagland's combined with sucrose, or to a peat humus infusion.Greenhouse conditions simulating outdoor conditions in mid-May (temperature varying from 50 °F. at midnight to 70 °F. at noon, 15 hours of light, and about 60% relative humidity) proved highly favourable to the development of flowers and seeds on detached branches of Populus and other forest trees cultured in water.Data are presented indicating the time at which various species of forest trees pass from a state of true dormancy to one of imposed dormancy (imposed by the unfavourable winter environment). For most species it appeared that this transition occurred between the middle of November and the first of December.Greenhouse phenological records showed that, the time required for flower development decreases progressively from the onset of imposed dormancy.
Vaccination against Shigellosis with Attenuated <i>Shigella flexneri</i> 2a Strain SC602 (1999)

The Shigella flexneri 2a SC602 vaccine candidate carries deletions of the plasmid-borne virulence gene icsA (mediating intra- and intercellular spread) and the chromosomal locus iuc (encoding aerobactin) (S. Barzu, A. Fontaine, P. J. Sansonetti, and A. Phalipon, Infect. Immun. 64:1190-1196, 1996). Dose selection studies showed that SC602 causes shigellosis in a majority of volunteers when 3 x 10(8) or 2 x 10(6) CFU are ingested. In contrast, a dose of 10(4) CFU was associated with transient fever or mild diarrhea in 2 of 15 volunteers. All volunteers receiving single doses of >/=10(4) CFU excreted S. flexneri 2a, and this colonization induced significant antibody-secreting cell and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay responses against S. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide in two-thirds of the vaccinees. Seven volunteers who had been vaccinated 8 weeks earlier with a single dose of 10(4) CFU and 7 control subjects were challenged with 2 x 10(3) CFU of virulent S. flexneri 2a organisms. Six of the control volunteers developed shigellosis with fever and severe diarrhea or dysentery, while none of the vaccinees had fever, dysentery, or severe symptoms (P = 0. 005). Three vaccinees experienced mild diarrhea, and these subjects had lower antibody titers than did the fully protected volunteers. Although the apparent window of safety is narrow, SC602 is the first example of an attenuated S. flexneri 2a candidate vaccine that provides protection against shigellosis in a stringent, human challenge model.
Variations in the resistance of <i>Stellaria media</i> to mecoprop due to biotype, application method and 1‐aminobenzotriazole (1990)

Summary: An investigation was made into the resistance of some biotypes of Stellaria media to mecoprop. Comparison of the sensitivity of five biotypes to foliar applications of mecoprop salt confirmed the presence of resistant and sensitive types and one of intermediate sensitivity. Applications of mecoprop through the roots of plants growing in nutrient culture were also more active on biotypes sensitive to foliar mecoprop, although the differences were less marked than they were with foliar treatments. Thus, possible differ ences in retention, uptake and translocation do not seem to be important causes of resistance. Consequently, it appears that resistance is associated with detoxification of mecoprop at the site of action. In two further experiments the cytochrome P450 mixed function oxidase inhibitor, 1‐aminobenzotdazole, had only a small effect on the susceptibility of resistant S. media plants to mecoprop. The importance of these data in the elucidation of the mechanism of resistance is discussed.
Valley selective tunneling transistor based on valley discontinuities in AlGaAs heterostructures (1989)

The conduction-band discontinuities in AlxGa1−xAs/AlyGa1−yAs heterostructure for various valleys (Γ, L, X) are utilized to conceive of a valley selective tunneling transistor. At low temperature, the perpendicular tunneling current is very small because of the large Γ-Γ discontinuity and the small prefactor for Γ to X tunneling. However, if the valley population is altered by applying a lateral bias to the emitter, one can dramatically alter the perpendicular current since the X-X discontinuity is nonexistent and the L-L discontinuity is very small. By choosing proper values of x and y in the heterostructure, a very large current (power) change can be produced in the on and off states.
Formaldehyde SAMP-Hydrazone as a Neutral Chiral Formyl Anion and Cyanide Equivalent: Asymmetric Michael Additions to Nitroalkenes (1996)

The enantioselective synthesis of α-substituted β-nitro nitriles 4 and β-nitroaldehydes 5 by Michael addition of formaldehyde SAMP-hydrazone 1 to nitroalkenes 2 in excellent overall yields and high enantiomeric excesses (ee=90->99%) is described. Compound 1 constitutes a neutral chiral formyl anion and cyanide equivalent. The absolute configuration was determined by X-ray structure analysis of the crystalline SAMP-hydrazone 1,4-adduct 3e.
Vectored-DMT: a FEXT canceling modulation scheme for coordinating users (2002)

This paper describes a modulation scheme achieving far-end crosstalk (FEXT) cancellation, assuming that joint signal processing among the users can be performed at either the receiver or at the transmitter side. The multi-user channel is modeled as a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system, and the development starts with the zero-forcing generalized decision feedback equalizer (GDFE). Structures are derived, which combine the discrete multi-tone (DMT) transmission technique with either successive cancellation at the receiver or precoding at the transmitter. A promising application of the proposed scheme is in FEXT-limited digital subscriber line (DSL) systems. Computer simulations demonstrate that significant performance improvements can be realized in such scenarios.
Easy::Jit: compiler assisted library to enable just-in-time compilation in C++ codes (2018)

Compiled languages like C++ generally don't have access to Just-in-Time facilities, which limits the range of possible optimizations. This paper introduces an hybrid approach that combines classical ahead of time compilation with user-specified dynamic recompilation of some functions, using runtime information to improve compiled code.
Energy Management in Autonomous Microgrid Using Stability-Constrained Droop Control of Inverters (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents an Energy Management System (EMS) for a stand-alone droop-controlled microgrid, which adjusts generators output power to minimize fuel consumption and also ensures stable operation. It has previously been shown that frequency-droop gains have a significant effect on stability in such microgrids. Relationship between these parameters and stability margins are therefore identified, using qualitative analysis and small-signal techniques. This allows them to be selected to ensure stability. Optimized generator outputs are then implemented in real-time by the EMS, through adjustments to droop characteristics within this constraint. Experimental results from a laboratory-sized microgrid confirm the EMS function. </para>
Effect of an EGF‐R selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an anti‐androgen on LNCaP cells: Identification of divergent growth regulatory pathways (2001)

The study demonstrated the efficacy and selectivity of the ZM252868 inhibitor in inhibiting EGF-R mediated LNCaP cell growth. Additionally, no interaction between androgen and EGF-R mediated growth pathways was determined.
Distinct human circulating NKp30 <sup>+</sup> FcεRIγ <sup>+</sup> CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell population exhibiting high natural killer-like antitumor potential (2018)

CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells are considered prototypical cells of adaptive immunity. Here, we uncovered a distinct CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell population expressing the activating natural killer (NK) receptor NKp30 in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals. We revealed that IL-15 could de novo induce NKp30 expression in a population of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and drive their differentiation toward a broad innate transcriptional landscape. The adaptor FcεRIγ was concomitantly induced and was shown to be crucial to enable NKp30 cell-surface expression and function in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. FcεRIγ de novo expression required promoter demethylation and was accompanied by acquisition of the signaling molecule Syk and the "innate" transcription factor PLZF. IL-15-induced NKp30<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells exhibited high NK-like antitumor activity in vitro and were able to synergize with T cell receptor signaling. Importantly, this population potently controlled tumor growth in a preclinical xenograft mouse model. Our study, while blurring the borders between innate and adaptive immunity, reveals a unique NKp30<sup>+</sup>FcεRIγ<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell population with high antitumor therapeutic potential.
Expression of CD44 variant isoforms in malignant melanoma. (1996)

In a variety of human tumors, expression of splice variants of the adhesion molecule CD44 (CD44v) has been described as correlating with tumor progression. Here, we report on the expression of CD44v in melanocytes, nevi, primary melanomas, and cutaneous and lymph node metastases. Thirteen nevi, 65 primary melanomas of varying thickness, 39 cutaneous and 15 lymph node metastases, and melanocytes and a panel of melanoma lines were tested for surface expression of the standard form of CD44 and the variant exons v5, v6, v7, v7-v8, and v10 by immunohistology or fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Melanocytes did not express any variant isoform of CD44. However, nevi, as well as primary melanoma and melanoma metastases, stained to a varying degree with anti-CD44v5, anti-CD44v7-v8, and anti-CD44v10. Exons v6 and v7 were not detected on any of these tissue specimens. Compared with nevi, expression of exon v10 was up-regulated in thick primary tumors and skin metastases. Lymph node metastases displayed elevated levels of exon v5. Expression of CD44v in melanoma lines (n = 20) differed, inasmuch as many lines did not express variant isoforms; in particular, exon v10. Interestingly, however, the few CD44v5-positive melanoma lines metastasized in the nu/nu mouse. Because benign as well as malignant growth of melanocytes was accompanied by expression of CD44 variant isoforms, a linkage between expression of CD44 variant isoforms and malignant transformation or tumor progression was excluded. Considering the function of distinct isoforms, one might speculate that expression of exon CD44v5, which was up-regulated in lymph node metastases compared with nevi and primary melanoma, provided a growth stimulus. Exon v10 is present at high density in epidermal cells. The de novo expression of this exon in nevi and the increased expression in thick melanoma and skin metastases would be in line with the assumption of an anchoring advantage in the surrounding epidermal tissue.
Query graphs, implementing trees, and freely-reorderable outerjoins (1990)

We determine when a join/outerjoin query can be expressed unambiguously as a query graph, without an explicit specification of the order of evaluation. To do so, we first characterize the set of expression trees that implement a given join/outerjoin query graph, and investigate the existence of transformations among the various trees. Our main theorem is that a join/outerjoin query is freely reorderable if the query graph derived from it falls within a particular class, every tree that “implements” such a graph evaluates to the same result.
Ordered Reactive Nanomembranes/Nanotemplates from Thin Films of Block Copolymer Supramolecular Assembly (2003)

We report on a unique, very simple method of preparation of reactive membranes and nanotemplates with nanoscopic cylindrical channels on the surface of various inorganic and polymeric substrates. Well-ordered nanostructured thin polymer films have been fabricated from the supramolecular assembly of poly(styrene-block-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-PVP) and 2-(4'-hydroxybenzeneazo)benzoic acid (HABA), consisting of cylindrical nanodomains formed by PVP-HABA associates surrounded by PS. Alignment of the domains has been shown to be switched upon exposure to vapors of different solvents from the parallel to perpendicular orientation to the confining surface and vice versa. The alignment of the cylindrical nanodomains is insensitive to the composition of the confining surface due to the self-adaptive behavior of the supramolecular PVP-HABA assembly. Extraction of HABA with selective solvent results in nanomembranes with a hexagonal lattice (24 nm in the period) of hollow channels of 8 nm in the diameter crossing the membrane from the top to the bottom. The walls of the channels are constituted from reactive PVP chains. The channels were filled with Ni clusters via the electrodeposition method to fabricate the ordered array of metallic nanodots of 1.2 tera per cm(2).
Plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition of TiN/Al2O3 stacks for metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor applications (2009)

By employing plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition, thin films of Al2O3 and TiN are subsequently deposited in a single reactor at a single substrate temperature with the objective of fabricating high-quality TiN/Al2O3/p-Si metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors. Transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analyses show well-defined interfaces and good Al2O3 stoichiometry, respectively. Electrical investigation of as-deposited test structures demonstrates leakage current densities as low as ∼1 nA/cm2. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements demonstrate clear Fowler–Nordheim tunneling with an average TiN/Al2O3 barrier height of 3.3 eV. Steep Weibull distributions of the breakdown electric field around 7.5 MV/cm indicate good reliability of these devices. Time-dependent dielectric breakdown measurements demonstrate that the devices can sustain high operating electric fields of 3–4 MV/cm for the 10 year lifetime criterion. From capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements, a dielectric constant (k) of 8.7±0.1 was extracted for the Al2O3. No direct dependence on the deposition temperature was found in the range 350–400 °C, although the stack deposited at 400 °C demonstrates significantly lower C-V hysteresis of ∼50 mV. A negative fixed oxide charge density of (9.6±0.2)×1012 cm−2 was found to be present at the Al2O3/p-Si interface.
Modeling and performance evaluation of GPRS (2002)

This paper provides an accurate model of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). GPRS is modeled as a single server queue in a Markovian environment. The queueing performance of data packets is evaluated by matrix geometric methods. The arrival process is assumed to follow a two state Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP), and the service rate fluctuates based on voice loading. The analytical results are confirmed by simulation.
The potential of neutrophil elastase inhibitors as anti-inflammatory therapies (2013)

Clinical trials with neutrophil elastase inhibitors in lung and cardiovascular disease are ongoing, and future studies will incorporate novel delivery approaches and be directed by specific markers of neutrophil-derived elastase activity to target inhibition to the sites of inflammatory tissue injury.
The Synthesis of Some 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Pyrimidines<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Some 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Pyrimidines1EARL PETERS, HARRY J. MINNEMEYER, ALEXANDER W. SPEARS, and HOWARD TIECKELMANNCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 12, 2137–2142Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01082a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01082a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cam And Cam-Follower Reliability (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper describes the earlier research on cam and cam-follower materials carried out by MIRA using a specially developed, test machine. A table summarising the results of this earlier work is given.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of the same test machine to assess the performance of lubricants when used in conjunction with standard components is also mentioned.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The main part of the paper describes more recent work involving certain new processes and two ceramic materials as applied to cams or cam-followers. The results indicated that some of these processes or materials, particularly silicon nitride ceramic, can perform well in the cam and cam-follower situation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The results, particularly those for the very hard materials, were found to be influenced by surface finish, whilst the type of lubricant was found to affect the performance of chilled cast iron cams running against the ceramic materials.</div>
Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron as Ferric Acetate Complex (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric Determination of Iron as Ferric Acetate ComplexD. D. PerrinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 7, 1181–1182Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60151a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (274 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integration of Compound Semiconductor Devices and CMOS (CoSMOS) with Die to Wafer Bonding (2008)

On the Compound Semiconductor Devices and CMOS (CoSMOS) program, HRL Laboratories, LLC is developing technology for intimate integration of silicon complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor (CMOS) devices with 400 GHz InP heterogeneous bipolar transistor (HBTs) to form complex integrated circuits. This research is investigating innovative microfabrication approaches, including adhesive bonding techniques, for transistor-scale integration of compound semiconductor and silicon-based transistors. We have successfully fabricated large area HBT's on thin (~1 µm) InP epitaxial layers transferred to silicon substrates with a die to wafer bonding process that preserves the growth orientation of the epitaxial layers bonded to the target substrate.
A Robot-Assisted Surgical System Using a Force-Image Control Method for Pedicle Screw Insertion (2014)

These results verified the RSSS's accuracy and safety, which supported its potential use for the spinal surgery.
Spectrophotometer based on a charge-coupled device photoarray detector (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometer based on a charge-coupled device photoarray detectorKenneth L. RatzlaffCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 6, 916–920Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50056a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50056a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AN INTELLIGENT CLASSIFICATION METHOD IN BANK CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (2007)

Customer classification is one of the major tasks in customer relationship management. Customers often have both static characteristics and dynamic behavioral features. Using both kinds of data to conduct comprehensive analysis can enhance the reasonability of customer classification. In the proposed classification method, customer dynamic data is clustered using a hybrid genetic algorithm. The result is then combined with customer static data to give reasonable customer segmentation supported by neural network technique. A bank dataset-based experiment shows that applying the proposed method can obviously improve the accuracy of customer classification comparing with the traditional methods where only static data is used.
Photoactivities of the Red-Shifted Azulenic Bacteriorhodopsin Analogues (1998)

Incorporating red-shifted retinal analogues, such as azulenic retinals, into bacterioopsin provides a method to evaluate the low-energy limit for bacteriorhodopsin (bR) proton-pumping activity. We report results of nanosecond time-resolved studies of three azulenic bR analogues. In contrast to a recent report on an azulenic bR analogue (Druzhko et al., 1996),4 we conclude that such pigments do not exhibit photocycles (no detectable intermediates) and suspect that the preferred direction of deactivation is internal conversion to the low-lying forbidden S1 state of the azulene chromophore. We further demonstrated that for slow-binding bR analogues, the samples can easily be contaminated with small amounts of native bR.