gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-Defensin-2 Expression Is Regulated by TLR Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2004)

The intestinal epithelium serves as a barrier to the intestinal flora. In response to pathogens, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) secrete proinflammatory cytokines. To aid in defense against bacteria, IEC also secrete antimicrobial peptides, termed defensins. The aim of our studies was to understand the role of TLR signaling in regulation of beta-defensin expression by IEC. The effect of LPS and peptidoglycan on beta-defensin-2 expression was examined in IEC lines constitutively or transgenically expressing TLRs. Regulation of beta-defensin-2 was assessed using promoter-reporter constructs of the human beta-defensin-2 gene. LPS and peptidoglycan stimulated beta-defensin-2 promoter activation in a TLR4- and TLR2-dependent manner, respectively. A mutation in the NF-kappaB or AP-1 site within the beta-defensin-2 promoter abrogated this response. In addition, inhibition of Jun kinase prevents up-regulation of beta-defensin-2 protein expression in response to LPS. IEC respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns with expression of the antimicrobial peptide beta-defensin-2. This mechanism may protect the intestinal epithelium from pathogen invasion and from potential invaders among the commensal flora.
Zika Virus and Pregnancy (2016)

Zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes (Stegomyia) species of mosquitoes. In May 2015, the World Health Organization confirmed the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Americas in Brazil. The virus has spread rapidly to other countries in the Americas; as of January 29, 2016, local transmission has been detected in at least 22 countries or territories, including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Zika virus can infect pregnant women in all three trimesters. Although pregnant women do not appear to be more susceptible to or more severely affected by Zika virus infection, maternal-fetal transmission has been documented. Several pieces of evidence suggest that maternal Zika virus infection is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, most notably microcephaly. Because of the number of countries and territories with local Zika virus transmission, it is likely that obstetric health care providers will care for pregnant women who live in or have traveled to an area of local Zika virus transmission. We review information on Zika virus, its clinical presentation, modes of transmission, laboratory testing, effects during pregnancy, and methods of prevention to assist obstetric health care providers in caring for pregnant women considering travel or with a history of travel to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission and pregnant women residing in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission.
High-Performance Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on CoAl-LDH and rGO Electrodes (2017)

A flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) based on a CoAl-layered double hydroxide (CoAl-LDH) electrode and a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrode was successfully fabricated. The CoAl-LDH electrode as a positive electrode was synthesized by directly growing CoAl-LDH nanosheet arrays on a carbon cloth (CC) through a facile hydrothermal method, and it delivered a specific capacitance of 616.9 F g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 1 A g<sup>-1</sup>. The rGO electrode as a negative electrode was synthesized by coating rGO on the CC via a simple dip-coating method and revealed a specific capacitance of 110.0 F g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 2 A g<sup>-1</sup>. Ultimately, the advanced ASC offered a broad voltage window (1.7 V) and exhibited a high superficial capacitance of 1.77 F cm<sup>-2</sup> at 2 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and a high energy density of 0.71 mWh cm<sup>-2</sup> at a power density of 17.05 mW cm<sup>-2</sup>, along with an excellent cycle stability (92.9% capacitance retention over 8000 charge-discharge cycles).
Automated splicing mutation analysis by information theory (2005)

Information theory-based software tools have been useful in interpreting noncoding sequence variation within functional sequence elements such as splice sites. Individual information analysis detects activated cryptic splice sites and associated splicing regulatory sites and is capable of distinguishing null from partially functional alleles. We present a server (https://splice.cmh.edu) designed to analyze splicing mutations in binding sites in either human genes, genome-mapped mRNAs, user-defined sequences, or dbSNP entries. Standard HUGO-approved gene symbols and HGVS-approved systematic mutation nomenclature (or dbSNP format) are entered via a web portal. After verifying the accuracy of input variant(s), the surrounding interval is retrieved from the human genome or user-supplied reference sequence. The server then computes the information contents (Ri) of all potential constitutive and/or regulatory splice sites in both the reference and variant sequences. Changes in information content are color-coded, tabulated, and visualized as sequence walkers, which display the binding sites with the reference sequence. The software was validated by analyzing approximately 1,300 mutations from Human Mutation as well as eight mapped SNPs from dbSNP designated as splice site variants. All of the splicing mutations and variants affected splice site strength or activated cryptic splice sites. The server also detected several missense mutations that were unexpectedly predicted to have concomitant effects on splicing or appeared to activate cryptic splicing.
Recyclable Stereoselective Catalysts (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTRecyclable Stereoselective CatalystsAlexandre F. Trindade*†, Pedro M. P. Gois‡, and Carlos A. M. Afonso†View Author Information Centro de Quimica-Fisica Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Institute for Medicines and Phamaceutical Sciences (iMed), Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]†Instituto Superior Técnico.‡Institute for Medicines and Phamaceutical Sciences.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 2, 418–514Publication Date (Web):February 11, 2009Publication History Received5 March 2008Published online11 February 2009Published inissue 11 February 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr800200thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr800200treview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12494Altmetric-Citations411LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Ligands,Salts,Solvents,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Abstract B58: Phase I study of the IGF-1R antibody ganitumab (AMG 479) in combination with everolimus in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2011)

Abstract Background: Preclinical data suggests the combination of IGF-1R inhibitor Ganitumab and mTOR inhibitor everolimus may increase anti-tumor activity compared to each agent alone. Therefore we evaluated the maximum tolerated doses/recommended phase II dose for the doublet combination, Ganitumab (G) plus Everolimus (E) followed by an expanded cohort to better understand the safety and tolerability profile. Methods: For dose escalation, eligible patients had advanced solid tumors with adequate organ function and no increased risk for class-related toxicities. G was given intravenously, and E was orally administered; cycle length was 28 days. G was dosed at 12 mg/kg every 14 days; E was dosed at 5 mg daily in cohort one and 5 mg three times weekly in cohort −1. An intermediate dose of E at 5 mg five times weekly was added to better maximize dose intensity. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was assessed in cycle 1. Results: Dose escalation is complete with 17 subjects evaluable for DLT toxicity and 16 evaluable for efficacy. Two out of 5 subjects experienced DLTs in cohort one due to dose holdings related to grade 3 hematologic toxicities: thrombocytopenia and neutropenia plus thrombocytopenia. No DLTs were observed out of 6 subjects in cohort −1; one DLT was observed out of 6 subjects in the intermediate cohort due to dose holding related to grade 2 intolerable skin rash and oral mucositis. Possible grade 3 treatment-related adverse events included neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated AST/ALT, hypertriglyceridemia, vomiting and erythema multiforme minor. There were no grade ≥4 treatment-related toxicities. One non treatment- related death was due to disease progression. Two subjects had clinically significant skin rashes which resulted in protocol discontinuation. Twelve subjects have available efficacy data; 4 subjects have not yet been restaged. Two subjects with refractory NSCLC achieved a complete response. Six additional subjects had stable disease as best response. Conclusion: The recommended phase II dose for this doublet combination is G at 12 mg/kg every two weeks and E at 5 mg five times weekly. At this dose, this novel regimen is well-tolerated with potential activity in NSCLC. Enrollment in the expanded cohort has started. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B58.
Treatment of Refractory Fever in the Neurosciences Critical Care Unit Using a Novel, Water-Circulating Cooling Device (2003)

Fever after acute brain injury affects neuronal function and recovery. Standard therapies have proven to be inadequate in treating hyperthermia in this patient population. We report on safety/efficacy pilot data collected using a noninvasive, novel, water-circulating cooling device in febrile acute brain injury patients. We enrolled patients who developed fever (rectal temperature > or =38.0 degrees C) refractory to pharmacological therapy. The treatment device uses an ice water circulating system embedded in hydrogel-coated, energy transfer pads. Its thermoregulatory feedback control uses cold water (4.0 degrees C-42.0 degrees C) and was set at 36.5 degrees C for this study. We analyzed the temperature response during 600 consecutive minutes of treatment. Six consecutive patients were enrolled and seven episodes of fever were recorded; the mean age of the patients was 59.7 years (range 46-71 years; five male, one female). Diagnoses were as follows: subarachnoid hemorrhage (two), severe traumatic brain injury (two), status epilepticus following massive cerebral infarction (one), and intracerebral/intraventricular hemorrhage (one). Hand warming was applied at treatment onset on all patients; shivering only responsive to meperidine occurred in five of them. Fever of 38.4 degrees C (range 38.0 degrees C-38.9 degrees C) was reduced to 36.9 degrees C (range 36.0 degrees C-38.0 degrees C) after 120 minutes (P<0.001). Core temperature remained "locked" during the remainder of the treatment (36.6 degrees C, P=0.5; 36.6 degrees C, P=0.9; and 36.5 degrees C, P=0.9 at 180, 300, and 600 minutes, respectively). Skin integrity under the pads was preserved in all study subjects. Our results indicate that use of this novel technique is safe, rapidly effective, and able to maintain sustained normothermia following fever in a cohort of critically ill neurologic/neurosurgical patients.
Treatment of Uncomplicated Anosmia by Vitamin A (1962)

Anosmia occurring in healthy noses can be treated by vitamin A when the olfactory mucosa has been damaged. Vitamin A plays an important part in the physiology of olfaction in a comparable manner to its role in vision. High dosage vitamin A work was made possible with the synthesis of vitamin A by Isler and his colleagues in 1947 at Basle, and in 1951 the commercial preparations for oral and parenteral treatment were made available. The synthetic preparation was found to have the same activity as natural vitamin A. It was possible to give high dosage treatment in many conditions where degeneration or atrophy of epithelial tissues was a feature of their pathology. One of the earliest applications of this concept to the nose was the work of Stanbygård,<sup>2</sup>who reported good results with treatment of ozena. He described how 6 patients regained their sense of smell as the
Physicochemical analysis of purified diphtheria toxoids: is toxoided then purified the same as purified then toxoided? (2000)

Diphtheria toxin can be converted into a highly immunogenic and irreversibly detoxified vaccine either using the conventional process in which the crude toxin is formalinised and subsequently purified (DTxd(conv)) or by detoxification of the highly purified toxin (DTxd(new)). In this study, both DTxd(new) and DTxd(conv) were evaluated by use of physico-chemical methods. For some methods, results were also compared to those obtained for cross-reacting material (CRM197), which is a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin. DTxd(new) was assayed to have a specific purity of at least 2300 LF/mg protein N, thereby exceeding Pharm. Eur. requirements by up to 35%. Superior purity of DTxd(new) could also be demonstrated by size exclusion HPLC experiments and by amino acid composition studies. Far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that the secondary structure of DTxd(new) almost resembled that of CRM197, suggesting only minor molecular changes during detoxification. This study worked out differences between purified diphtheria toxoids. Physico-chemical means revealed the advantages of DTxd(new) being the purer and more defined product, thus making it highly efficient for its use as a vaccine carrier as well as a component of vaccine combinations.
Optimizing Memory-Resident Decision Support System Workloads for Cache Memories (1998)

The increasing size of main memory available in computer systems is allowing some appli-cations to shift the data storage from disk to memory. As a result, the performance for these applications is improved transparently. However, due to the increasing gap between processor and memory speed, good cache performance becomes a determinant factor in reducing the execution time. The focus of this work is on improving the cache performance for decision support system workloads. This is relevant for all database applications where data fits mostly or completely in main memory. The first step in optimization is to analyze the performance of the target application and system. Therefore the first part of this work consists of studying the memory behavior for a memory-resident decision support workload. With this study it is possible to observe that in such a scenario, the memory stall time accounts for a significant portion of the total execution time. In addition, the memory behavior of a query depends on the way data is accessed. Finally, queries are shown to have good spatial locality, and little temporal locality. In the second part of this work cache optimizations are proposed for two database system com-ponents: algorithms and query optimizer. In the former, blocking and prefetching are applied to
Has Misdiagnosis of Appendicitis Decreased Over Time? (2001)

Contrary to expectation, the frequency of misdiagnosis leading to unnecessary appendectomy has not changed with the introduction of computed tomography, ultrasonography, and laparoscopy, nor has the frequency of perforation decreased. These data suggest that on a population level, diagnosis of appendicitis has not improved with the availability of advanced diagnostic testing.
Nanodiamond‐Coated Carbon Nanotubes: Early Stage of the CVD Growth Process (2008)

Abstract A series of deposits formed by single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles coated by nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) are produced using a modified CVD reactor. The nanocylindrical structures are deposited on Si substrates using carbon nanopowders and atomic H as reactants. The nanocrystalline coating obtained from short‐time runs lasting up to 6 min are analyzed by micro‐Raman and cathodoluminescence (CL) techniques, in order to obtain information on the structural evolution of the material during the first steps of the growth process. The morphological investigation performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) indicates that the nanocrystalline coating generated by a process lasting 4–6 min is formed by protruding embryo diamond crystallites with a needle‐like shape. Thereafter the shape of the diamond phase evolves giving rise to elongated and better faceted diamond grains well anchored on the nanotube bundle surfaces.
Synthesis of piperazine-2,5-diones related to bicyclomycin: 1,4-dibenzyl-3-hydroxy-3-[1-(2-methoxyethyl)ethenyl]piperazine-2,5-dione. 2. Route via cyclic intermediates (1983)

1,4-Dibenzyl-3-hydroxy-3-[1-(2-methoxyethyl)ethenyl]piperazine-2,5-dione (43), which incorporates several of the structural features of the antibiotic bieyclomycin, has been synthesized via a reaction sequence involving early construction of the piperazine-2,5-dione ring. In model studies 3-isopropylidenepiperazine-2,5-dione was di-N-benzylated and epoxidized to give 4,7-dibenzyl-2,2-dimethyl-1-oxa-4,7-diazaspiro[2.5]octane-5,8-dione (10). The opening of the epoxide ring of 10 by several reagents was investigated and it was found that treatment with magnesium isopropylcyclohexylamide (MICA) gives 1,4-dibenzyl-3-hydroxy-3-(1-methylethenyl)piperazine-2,5-dione (23). Treatment of ethyl 3-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methyl-glycidate (28) with p-toluenesulfonic acid followed by hydrogenation and oxidation gives ethyl 5-methoxy-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, which on reaction with chloroacetamide and sulfuric acid followed by treatment of the resulting enamide with ammonia gives (Z)- and (E)-3-(4-methoxybut-2-ylidene)piperazine-2,5-dione. Di-N-benzylation of these followed by epoxidation gives (Z)- and (E)-4,7-dibenzyl-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-1-oxa-4,7-diazaspiro[2.5]octane-5,8-dione (41 and 42). Treatment of 41 with MICA converts it to compound 43. Chromatography of 43 on silica converts it in part to N-benzyl-N-(2-benzylamino-2-oxoethyl)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-oxo-3-butenamide, which on treatment with MICA regenerates 43.
Design optimization study of a shape memory alloy active needle for biomedical applications (2015)

Majority of cancer interventions today are performed percutaneously using needle-based procedures, i.e. through the skin and soft tissue. The difficulty in most of these procedures is to attain a precise navigation through tissue reaching target locations. To overcome this challenge, active needles have been proposed recently where actuation forces from shape memory alloys (SMAs) are utilized to assist the maneuverability and accuracy of surgical needles. In the first part of this study, actuation capability of SMA wires was studied. The complex response of SMAs was investigated via a MATLAB implementation of the Brinson model and verified via experimental tests. The isothermal stress-strain curves of SMAs were simulated and defined as a material model in finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA was validated experimentally with developed prototypes. In the second part of this study, the active needle design was optimized using genetic algorithm aiming its maximum flexibility. Design parameters influencing the steerability include the needle's diameter, wire diameter, pre-strain and its offset from the needle. A simplified model was presented to decrease the computation time in iterative analyses. Integration of the SMA characteristics with the automated optimization schemes described in this study led to an improved design of the active needle.
The Relationship Between Microvessel Density, the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and the Extension of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (2000)

The metastatic potency of NPC tissue and the prognosis of the patients with NPC can be estimated by measuring MVD and the expression of VEGF in NPC tissue. Drugs that have inhibitory actions on angiogenesis could be useful to prevent metastasis of NPC cells in the patients.
Flux quantization due to monopole and dipole currents (2013)

By discussing field-induced quantum interference effects due to monopole moments and those due to dipole moments on equal footing, their similarities and differences are clarified. First, we demonstrate the general principle for flux quantization. For particles carrying a monopole moment, the interference causes the monopole current to oscillate periodically, with the flux defined as the inner product of the field and area, whereas for particles carrying a fixed dipole moment the dipole current oscillates periodically, with the flux vector defined as the cross product of the field and trajectory. Our analysis unifies the oscillation of monopole or dipole currents in various devices, such as the superconducting quantum interference device and spin field-effect transistor, into the same physical picture. Second, we show that interference effects can also happen in open trajectory devices that transport dipole currents, such as the spin Josephson effect, based on the non-gauge-field nature of the interference effects of dipole moments. In addition, we propose that the interference effect of electric dipoles, known as the He-McKellar-Wilkens effect, can be realized by the bilayer exciton condensates observed in semiconductor heterostructures and bilayer graphene.
EFFECT OF ZEOLITE CRYSTALLITE SIZE ON Pt/KL CATALYSTS USED FOR THE AROMATIZATION OF n-OCTANE (2007)

The effects of varying zeolite crystallite size in n-octane aromatization over Pt/KL have been studied on a series of catalysts. Various KL zeolites were synthesized via microwave-hydrothermal treatment, which allows for good control of crystallite morphology. Zeolites with different crystallite sizes were prepared by varying aging time (17–24 h), amount of barium (0–445 ppm), and seeding (0–8 wt%). The results showed that higher aging time resulted in smaller zeolite crystallite size, whereas the addition of barium resulted in larger crystallite size. Moreover, the addition of seeding reduced the crystallite size from 1.47 to 0.94 μm. Pt supported on different zeolite catalysts (Pt/KL) was prepared by vapor phase impregnation (VPI). The fresh catalysts were characterized by DRIFTS of adsorbed CO and volumetric hydrogen chemisorption. The results indicated that Pt clusters are well dispersed inside the zeolite channel in all the catalysts prepared. The aromatization of n-octane was tested on the different catalysts at 500°C and atmospheric pressure. It was found that the catalytic activity of all catalysts dropped rapidly after about 200 min on stream due to coke plugging inside the pore of the KL zeolite. It was also observed that less ethylbenzene (EB) and o-xylene (OX) were obtained as the conversion increased because both EB and OX are converted to smaller molecules such as benzene, toluene, etc., by secondary hydrogenolysis. Furthermore, the EB/OX ratio increases with zeolite crystallite size due to an enhanced preferential conversion of the larger OX molecules compared to the narrower EB as their path through the pores is restricted.