gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal Intensity Artifacts in Clinical MR Imaging (2000)

Signal intensity artifacts are often encountered during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Occasionally, these artifacts are severe enough to degrade image quality and interfere with interpretation. Signal intensity artifacts inherent in local coil imaging include intensity gradients and local intensity shift artifact. The latter can be minimized but not eliminated with optimal coil design and tuning. Improper coil or patient positioning can produce subtle or, in some cases, severe signal intensity artifacts, and each is easily corrected. Signal intensity artifacts and image degradation can also occur in a perfectly functioning coil if protocols are not optimized. Failure of decoupling mechanisms can produce signal intensity artifacts that will not respond to protocol optimization and will worsen with gradient imaging. Improper coil tuning manifests as a shading artifact that can mimic other findings. Signal-degrading artifacts may be caused by a ferromagnetic foreign body in the imager. Signal intensity artifacts can also result from performing ultrafast imaging with coils that were not designed for this type of imaging or from MR imaging system malfunction. Familiarity with the various causes of signal intensity artifacts is necessary to maintain optimal image quality and should be required as part of any MR imaging quality assurance program.
An Efficient Hardware Implementation for a Reciprocal Unit (2010)

The computation of the reciprocal of a numerical value is an important ingredient of many algorithms. We present a compact hardware architecture to compute reciprocals by two or three Newton-Raphson iterations to obtain the accuracy of IEEE 754 single- and double-precision standard, respectively. We estimate the initialization value by a specially designed second-order polynomial approximating the reciprocal. By using a second-order polynomial, we succeed in using one single hardware architecture for both, the polynomial approximation computations as well as the Newton-Raphson iterations. Therefore, we obtain a most compact hardware implementation for the complete reciprocal computation.
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Keyhole Endokeratophakia: Correction of Hyperopia by Implantation of an Allogeneic Lenticule Obtained by SMILE From a Myopic Donor (2013)

Endokeratophakia appears to be a viable procedure for correcting hyperopia on the cornea by implantation of an extracted myopic SMILE lenticule from a donor patient. However, posterior surface changes and epithelial remodeling resulted in only 50% of the intended correction. No adverse side effects were observed following implantation of donor tissue for 1 year.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Dialogue State Tracking without Pre-Trained Word Vectors or Semantic Dictionaries (2018)

A crucial step in task-oriented dialogue systems is tracking the user's goal over the course of the conversation. This involves maintaining a probability distribution over possible values for each slot (e.g., the foodslot might map to the value Turkish), which gets updated at each turn of the dialogue. Previously, rule-based methods were applied to dialogue systems, or models that required hand-crafted semantic dictionaries mapping phrases to those that are similar in meaning (e.g., area might map to part of town). However, these are expensive to design for each domain, limiting the generalizability. In addition, often a spoken language understanding (SLU) component precedes the dialogue state update mechanism; however, this leads to compounded errors as the output from one module is passed to the next. Instead, more recent work has explored deep learning models for directly updating dialogue state, bypassing the need for SLU or expert-engineered rules. We demonstrate that a novel convolutional neural architecture without any pre-trained word vectors or semantic dictionaries achieves 86.9% joint goal accuracy and 95.4% requested slot accuracy on WOZ 2.0.
Limitations and challenges of computer-aided design technology for CMOS VLSI (2001)

As manufacturing technology moves toward fundamental limits of silicon CMOS processing, the ability to reap the full potential of available transistors and interconnect is increasingly important. Design technology (DT) is concerned with the automated or semi-automated conception, synthesis, verification, and eventual testing of microelectronic systems. While manufacturing technology faces fundamental limits inherent in physical laws or material properties, design technology faces fundamental limitations inherent in the computational intractability of design optimizations and in the broad and unknown range of potential applications within various design processes. In this paper, we explore limitations to how design technology can enable the implementation of single-chip microelectronic systems that take full advantage of manufacturing technology with respect to such criteria as layout density performance, and power dissipation.
Effects of Topically Applied Biomaterials on Paranasal Sinus Mucosal Healing (2003)

In a rabbit model, MeroGel and FloSeal appear to increase reactionary fibrosis of healing mucosa. These agents also appear to be incompletely resorbed and grossly incorporated into healing tissue. Mucosal healing may be impaired by the application of these agents.
IL-4 renders mast cells functionally responsive to endothelin-1. (1995)

It has previously been shown that mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) synthesize and secrete endothelin-1 (ET-1) and express ETA-type endothelin receptors (ETA-R). The study presented here was designed to elucidate the influence of different cytokine conditions for cellular differentiation and maturation on the ability of primary mouse BMMC to respond to exogenous ET-1. BMMC were grown for 2 wk in IL-3 alone and then cultured for 2 to 3 wk with kit ligand (KL) and/or IL-3 in the presence or absence of IL-4. ET-1 induced a very rapid (< or = 1 min) and dose-dependent release of histamine and serotonin from BMMC cultured in the presence of both IL-3 and IL-4. The effect of ET-1 was quantitatively comparable with IgE/Ag-induced mediator release and comprised up to 20% and 16% of total cellular histamine and serotonin, respectively. In BMMC grown with KL or KL plus IL-3, a substantial effect of ET-1 on amine release was only observed when IL-4 had been included in the culture medium. These IL-4 effects could not be observed if BMMC grown in IL-3 and/or KL were preincubated for 1 or 24 h with IL-4 before activation with ET-1, suggesting that a differentiation process rather than a functional priming effect had been initiated by IL-4. In BMMC, the histamine and serotonin release induced by ET-1 (10(-6) M) was inhibited by an ETA-R-specific antagonist (cyclic [D-Asp-Pro-D-Val-Leu-D-Trp]) in a dose-dependent manner, with complete inhibition at an antagonist concentration of 10(-8) M. ET-1 stimulated leukotriene C4 biosynthesis up to 4.5-fold in BMMC cultured in the presence of IL-4. No such ET-1 effect was observed in BMMC cultured in media containing IL-3, KL, or a combination of both cytokines. Peritoneal cells (containing 2 to 3% serosal mast cells) obtained from BALB/c mice released 87 +/- 2% of histamine within 1 min after challenge with ET-1. Our results demonstrate that ET-1 can directly act as a histamine and serotonin secretagogue and as a stimulator of leukotriene C4 production in mast cells. IL-4 appears to be critically involved in the differentiation of immature mast cell precursors to an ET-1-reactive phenotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A New Paradigm for the U.S. Economy (1998)

economic conditions - United States; Business cycles
« Résister » : un refus qui affirme (1995)

RESISTIR : UN RECHAZO QUE AFIRMA A través de dos aňos del periódico « Défense de la France » (julio 1941 — julio 1943), analizamos el rechazo de ciertos Franceses : rechazo de la Ocupación, de la Colaboración, de la traición que implica una reivindicación de libertad y de honor. Al utilizar toda la fuerza de las palabras, el periódico exhorta a todos los Franceses a que sigan su ejemplo.
Regressive implementations for the forward and inverse MDCT in MPEG audio coding (1996)

Modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) and inverse modified discrete cosine transform (IMDCT) are two of the most compute-intensive operations in layer III of the MPEG audio coding standard. We first derive two sinusoidal recursive formulas for the transform kernels of the MDCT and IMDCT. Then we demonstrate that general length of MDCT and IMDCT can be efficiently implemented by using the regressive structure derived from the sinusoidal recursive formulas. The proposed regular structure is particularly suitable for parallel VLSI realization. Besides, it also provides an efficient on-line computation scheme and is especially suitable for the computation of variable length MDCT and IMDCT when involving dynamical window switching in the MPEG audio coding standard.
Single-Channel Transient Interference Suppression With Diffusion Maps (2012)

A transient is an abrupt or impulsive sound followed by decaying oscillations, e.g., keyboard typing and door knocking. Such sounds often arise as interference in everyday applications, e.g., hearing aids, hands-free accessories, mobile phones, and conference-room devices. In this paper, we present an algorithm for single-channel transient interference suppression. The main component of the proposed algorithm is the estimation of the spectral variance of the interference. We propose a statistical model of the transient interference and combine it with non-local filtering. We exploit the unique spectral structure of the transients along with their impulsive temporal nature to distinct them from speech. A particular attention is given to handling both short- and long-duration transients. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm enables significant transient suppression for a variety of transient types.
Zinc‐Modified Sulfonated Polyetheretherketone Surface with Immunomodulatory Function for Guiding Cell Fate and Bone Regeneration (2018)

The cytokines released by immune cells are considered important factors to induce bone tissue regeneration. However, the pathway of those bone-targeting macrophage cytokines induced by biomaterial surface under tissue microenvironment is rarely reported. In this study, the immunomodulatory capability of zinc ions on macrophage polarization and its effects on osteogenic differentiation are investigated. Hence, a layer of zinc ions are incorporated on sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) biomaterials by using a customized magnetron sputtering technique. The results reveal that the microenvironment on Zn-coated SPEEK can modulate nonactivated macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory and osteogenic cytokines. The osteogenic differentiation capability of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is therefore enhanced, leading to improved osteointegration between the zinc-coated SPEEK and bone tissue. This study verifies that zinc ion is a promising additive in the osteoimmunomodulation process and provides knowledge that may pave the way to develop the next generation of immunomodulatory biomaterials.
Review of the Botanical Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of <scp><i>Astragalus membranaceus</i></scp> (Huangqi) (2014)

Astragalus membranaceus is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. It is used as immune stimulant, tonic, antioxidant, hepatoprotectant, diuretic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and expectorant. The current paper reviews the botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Astragali Radix. Information on Astragali Radix was gathered via the Internet (using Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Elsevier, ACS, Medline Plus, CNKI, and Web of Science) as well as from libraries and local books. More than 100 compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, and amino acids, have so far been identified, and the various biological activities of the compounds have been reported. As an important traditional Chinese medicine, further studies on Astragali Radix can lead to the development of new drugs and therapies for various diseases. The improvement of its utilization should be studied further.
Lower-extremity arteriosclerosis as a reflection of a systemic process: implications for concomitant coronary and carotid disease. (1999)

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) are all manifestations of atherosclerosis or atherothrombosis, and therefore it is not surprising that the three conditions commonly occur together. Knowledge of the magnitude of co-existing cardiovascular disease and its prognosis is essential for the physician treating IC so that he can treat the local disease in its systemic context. The prevalence of CAD in patients with IC is 40% to 60%, although this may be asymptomatic and increases with the severity of the PAOD. Not surprisingly, the converse is also true; among individuals with CAD, the prevalence of PAOD is higher than in non-CAD individuals. The link between PAOD and CVD seems to be weaker than that with CAD, but again up to 60% of claudicants have some evidence of CVD. The prevalence of patients with CVD increases as the ABPI decreases. The evidence available from all of the relevant studies suggests that approximately 60% of patients with PAOD will have significant disease in the cardiac or cerebral circulation, and approximately 40% of patients with coronary disease or significant cerebral circulatory disease also will have PAOD.
Effect of Rh-based additives on NO and CO formed during regeneration of spent FCC catalyst (2003)

Regeneration studies of spent FCC catalyst were performed in a bench-scale unit under reaction conditions that sufficiently simulate those in the regenerator of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The effect of a conventional Pt-based CO promoter (CP-3®) on the composition of flue gases was examined. As expected addition of CP-3® in the catalytic inventory decreased CO emissions by one order of magnitude, but tripled the NO emissions independently of the concentration of CO promoter used. Addition of a series of Rh-based catalysts modified the composition of flue gases emitted during regeneration. The parameters under study were the catalytic support, the Rh loading on the additive, and the amount of additive used during regeneration. Both a stoichiometric spinel MgO·Al2O3 of high crystallinity and a commercial alumina were competent supports. Promotion of the alumina support with Ce or performing regeneration introducing CO did not affect the additive performance significantly. A combined performance of CO oxidation and NO reduction was achieved minimizing both the Rh loading in the additive (0.1 wt.%) and the concentration of additive used during regeneration (1 wt.%). IR studies suggest that NO reduction by CO over Rh/alumina additives proceeds via the dissociative adsorption of NO, the formation of NCO species on Rh and their migration to the alumina support to finally yield N2 and CO2.
<title>Radix-R&gt;2 quantum computation</title> (1997)

A quantum mechanical system is presented for which a multiple-valued quantum algebra and logic are derivable. The system is distinguished from previous quantum computational proposals by the definition of higher order quantum algebras and logics derived from multi-level quantum spin systems.
Survivable information storage systems (2000)

As society increasingly relies on digitally stored and accessed information, supporting the availability, integrity and confidentiality of this information is crucial. We need systems in which users can securely store critical information, ensuring that it persists, is continuously accessible, cannot be destroyed and is kept confidential. A survivable storage system would provide these guarantees over time and despite malicious compromises of storage node subsets. The PASIS architecture flexibly and efficiently combines proven technologies (decentralized storage system technologies, data redundancy and encoding, and dynamic self-maintenance) for constructing information storage systems whose availability, confidentiality and integrity policies can survive component failures and malicious attacks.
Role of Essential Genes in Mitochondrial Morphogenesis in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2005)

Mitochondria are essential organelles of eukaryotic cells. Inheritance and maintenance of mitochondrial structure depend on cytoskeleton-mediated organelle transport and continuous membrane fusion and fission events. However, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae most of the known components involved in these processes are encoded by genes that are not essential for viability. Here we asked which essential genes are required for mitochondrial distribution and morphology. To address this question, we performed a systematic screen of a yeast strain collection harboring essential genes under control of a regulatable promoter. This library contains 768 yeast mutants and covers approximately two thirds of all essential yeast genes. A total of 119 essential genes were found to be required for maintenance of mitochondrial morphology. Among these, genes were highly enriched that encode proteins involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, mitochondrial protein import, actin-dependent transport processes, vesicular trafficking, and ubiquitin/26S proteasome-dependent protein degradation. We conclude that these cellular pathways play an important role in mitochondrial morphogenesis and inheritance.
Digital Engine Controller (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An electronic engine control system that uses a microcomputer has been developed. It combines four control systems - fuel injection, ignition timing, EGR and idle speed control - utilizing the engine speed and intake air quantity for its main parameters.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The control circuit is composed of an 8-bit microcomputer combining an 8k byte ROM, RAM, a custom designed input/output LSI, and two hybrid integrated circuits, one has voltage regulators and another has input/output interface circuits.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The control program consists of a main program, a fail-safe program for noise protection and a check program for diagnostic functions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The main program uses interrupt techniques to control effectively the four items by one microcomputer. The interrupt requests occur from crankshaft position signal and interval timer signals.</div>
An Octree-Based Heuristic Algorithm for 3-D Packing (1994)

Abstract Based on the Object-Oriented Simulation System for 3-D Packing developed by Dai & Cha (1993a), this paper presents an effective heuristic algorithm using the Octree Data Structure for the three-dimensional packing problems of irregular components. It also describes in detail the Tri-Ring Method which is designed for the topology identification of the octree’s construction. For those problems where the total volume of packed items is smaller than that of container, the results of the theoretical analysis and numerical experiments show that the heuristic is excellent both in packing quality and calculation cost. For those problems where the total volume of packed items is larger than that of container, a variant of this method is expected to be also quite effective. The packing of arbitrarily shaped objects is achieved by packing their octrees generated from their EXTENTS or BOUNDING BOXES.
Phase I trial of escalating doses of cisplatin in hypertonic saline. (1987)

A phase I trial of escalating doses of cisplatin (CDDP) in 3% sodium chloride was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of this method of administration. The maximally tolerated dose (MTD) was 40 mg/m2/d X 5 (200 mg/m2) in previously untreated patients, with dose-limiting leukopenia occurring on day 24 (median; range, 19 to 28). Nephrotoxicity was minimal. Ototoxicity was dose limiting in two patients. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in only one patient, but few patients received multiple courses of therapy. Six partial responses (PR) were observed in 47 patients, including two patients with refractory breast cancer and four with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck origin. Two of the four patients with head and neck cancer had been previously treated with conventional doses of CDDP, suggesting a possible dose-response phenomenon in this disease. The saline infusion was well tolerated by older patients, suggesting that this method of administration can be safely used in those CDDP-sensitive malignancies that occur in older patients.
The Effects of Visual Displays of Furniture Product Photos Through the Social Networking Site, Instagram on Consume Perception (2018)

At present, the growth of Instagram as an online site is phenomenal, because of the shift from its original function as a social communication medium into a marketing platform. Furniture products used to be only available for in-store purchase, can now be easily purchased online. The present study attempted to discover the level of influence and effectiveness of the visual appearance of the furniture products photos through the social networking site, Instagram on consumer perceptions, which is measured using the EPIC (Empathy, Persuasion, Impact and Communication) model. The purpose of the study was to identify the effectiveness of the visual display of furniture product photos on the Instagram social networking site on consumer’s perceptions, and to map the use of the ideal visual display of furniture product photos for online product marketing purposes. The research used comparative analytical methods on photos of furniture products from six accounts of small creative economy entrepreneurs of similar products that are advertised through the social networking site, Instagram. The data of this study are limited in the scope of visual perception of furniture product photos uploaded through the social networking site, Instagram on consumer perceptions. The results showed that the visual display in the form of photos of furniture products through the social networking site, Instagram had an effective result on consumer perceptions. The visual display is declared effective as a media for promoting furniture products through the social networking site, Instagram based on the four dimensions of EPIC. The dimensions of Empathy and Impact are the most dominant aspects. The visual display mapping used as an advertising photo is not only influenced by the Empathy dimension and the Impact dimension, but also dominantly influenced by the associated design principles, namely, Unity and Domination. Both dimensions have a significant correlation value compared to other dimensions. Keywords: Furniture Marketing, Instagram, Consumer Perception, EPIC Model, Design Principles