gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changing a Career in Research (1988)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTChanging a Career in ResearchIf scientists are often reluctant to take up a new area of research, the blame may rest on poor managementLINDA M. SWEETINGCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1988, 66, 16, 23–24Publication Date (Print):April 18, 1988Publication History Published online8 November 2010Published inissue 18 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v066n016.p023https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v066n016.p023book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1988 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
[Clinical and experimental study of xiao er ke cuan ling oral liquid in the treatment of infantile bronchopneumonia]. (1992)

cure rate and effective rate in treated group was 26.6%, and 93.3% respectively. While in control group was 30% and 96.6% respectively. No significant differences were seen between them(P > 0.05). The pharmacodynamic experiment showed KCL had potent pharmacological action. The experiment on tracheal fragment of Guinea pig in vitro showed it caused moderately strong smooth muscle relaxation, through inhibition the effect of histamine and acetylcholine. Asthma induction experiment of Guinea pig in vivo showed KCL could significantly prolong the latent period of asthma and alleviate asthmatic symptom. Ammonium water cough induction experiment in mice showed it may apparently prolong cough latent period and reduce times of cough relapse and alleviate cough symptom. KCL had potent antipyretic effect on fever model induced by triple vaccine in rabbits. Bacteriostatic and antiviral experiment in vitro showed the drug had quite strong inhibitory effects for Streptococcus hemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Flexners Dysentery bacillus, Diplococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and it could potently inhibit the respiratory syncytial virus. KCL is an effective drug in treating bronchopneumonia and acute bronchitis.
Myogenic programs of mouse muscle cell lines: expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms, MyoD1, and myogenin. (1990)

Different mouse muscle cell lines were found to express distinct patterns of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, MyoD1, and myogenin, but there appeared to be no correlation between the pattern of MHC expression and the patterns of MyoD1 and myogenin expression. Myogenic cell lines were generated from unconverted C3H10T1/2 cells by 5-azacytidine treatment (Aza cell lines) and by stable transfection with MyoD1 (TD cell lines) or myogenin (TG cell lines). Myogenic differentiation of the newly generated cell lines was compared to that of the C2C12 and BC3H-1 cell lines. Immunoblot analysis showed that differentiated cells of each line expressed the embryonic and slow skeletal/beta-cardiac MHC isoforms though slow MHC was expressed at a much lower, barely detectable level in BC3H-1 cells. Differentiated cells of each line except BC3H-1 also expressed an additional MHC(s) that was probably the perinatal MHC isoform. Myogenin mRNA was expressed by every cell line, and, with the exception of BC3H-1 (cf., Davis, R. L., H. Weintraub, and A. B. Lassar. 1987. Cell. 51:987-1000), MyoD1 mRNA was expressed by every cell line. To determine if MyoD1 expression would alter the differentiation of BC3H-1 cells, cell lines (termed BD) were generated by transfecting BC3H-1 cells with MyoD1 under control of the beta-actin promoter. The MyoD1 protein expressed in BD cells was correctly localized in the nucleus, and, unlike the parental BC3H-1 cell line that formed differentiated MHC-expressing cells, which were predominantly mononucleated, BD cell lines formed long, multinucleated myotubes (cf., Brennan, T. J., D. G. Edmondson, and E. N. Olson. 1990. J. Cell. Biol. 110:929-938). Despite the differences in morphology and MyoD1 expression, BD myotubes and the parent BC3H-1 cells expressed the same pattern of sarcomeric MHCs.
Visualization and information: a building design perspective (2003)

Virtual reality (VR) packages offer good visualization capabilities but inadequate facilities for either internal data management or data exchange with other packages. The potential usefulness of VR packages for industrial and business applications is limited by their lack of support for the manipulation of specialist information. Their generic nature cannot retain the complex semantics and syntax of industrial information. Within the iterative process of building design and visualization, support is required for construction industry data, which is ordered in a complex and domain specific manner. Improved transfer of data from specialist building design tools to virtual reality has been investigated in previous research, but in this paper it is argued that data transfer is not enough. Virtual reality techniques need to become available within the specialist buildings design tools and alter the interface to such applications.
Cocaine and benzoylecgonine in saliva, serum, and urine (1993)

We studied the feasibility of using saliva to detect cocaine and benzoylecgonine. Saliva was collected as an ultrafiltrate directly in the mouth with an osmotic device. We analyzed by immunoassay matched samples of urine, blood, and salivary ultrafiltrate from 69 patients who had used cocaine within 24 h of sample collection. Cocaine concentrations were 4.9 times higher in saliva than in serum; benzoylecgonine concentrations were 2.5 times higher in serum. Seven urine and two serum samples had undetectable concentrations of cocaine, but all 69 saliva samples were positive for the drug. For benzoylecgonine detection, all urine samples were positive and three serum and one saliva sample were negative. We also analyzed 43 samples of saliva by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: all were positive for benzoylecgonine, whereas 40 were positive for cocaine. We conclude that simultaneous measurement of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in saliva is suitable in screening for recent cocaine use.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment and Light (1998)

Since they grow nearly exponentially, plants in their juvenile phase can benefit more than mature ones of optimal growing conditions. Transplant production in greenhouses offers the opportunity to optimize growing factors in order to reduce production time and improve transplant quality. Carbon dioxide and light are the two driving forces of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide concentration can be enriched in the greenhouse atmosphere, leading to heavier transplants with thicker leaves and reduced transpiration rates. Supplementary lighting is often considered as more effective than CO 2 enrichment for transplant production. It can be used not only to speed up growth and produce higher quality plants, but also to help in production planning. However, residual effects on transplant field yield of CO 2 enrichment or supplementary lighting are absent or, at the best, inconsistent.
The Close Corporation Under Kentucky Law (1961)

In 1 Hornstein, Corporation Law and Practice 135, at 163 (1959), the author observes that "no purpose is now served by the requirement of multiple incorporators-a relic from the concept that a corporation is the product of a number of persons associating for some common object."14 Ky.Rev. Stat.H 271
A review on ‘self-cleaning and multifunctional materials’ (2014)

Self-cleaning and multifunctional materials are used in applications such as windows, solar panels, cements, paints, and textiles. This state-of-the-art review summarizes the materials involved in self-cleaning and multifunctional coatings.
Base sequence of a cloned snake W-chromosome DNA fragment and identification of a male-specific putative mRNA in the mouse. (1982)

A 2.5-kilobase fragment of a sex-specific satellite DNA from the Colubrid snake species Elaphe radiata has been cloned, and its sequence has been determined. It contains 26 and 12 copies, respectively, of two base quadruplets, G-A-T-A and G-A-C-A, as its sole highly repetitious elements. Southern hybridization experiments with genomic DNA of the chicken, the mouse, and man indicated male sex-specific conservation of at least parts of this cloned DNA. In situ hybridization experiments with metaphase chromosomes of the mouse showed that elements that can cross-hybridize with parts of the cloned snake DNA are concentrated in the pericentric region of the Y chromosome. In blot hybridization experiments with liver poly(A)+ polysomal RNAs of male and female mice, a probe consisting of the first 1,224 bases of the cloned snake DNA singled out a male-specific RNA of 1,250-1,400 bases. Inasmuch as the proximal end of this probe contained an open reading frame (44 consecutive amino acid-specifying codons), the male-specific putative mRNA so detected may specify H-Y antigen. By contrast, a probe consisting of bases 1,480-1,906, containing the simple repeats of the quadruplets, singled out a shorter (approximately 1,000-base) RNA from males and females alike. Although this RNA is poly(A)+, we have yet to establish its attachment to ribosomes.
Evaluation of 3-D Printed Immobilisation Shells for Head and Neck IMRT (2014)

This paper presents the preclinical evaluation of a novel immobilization system for patients undergoing external beam radiation treatment of head and neck tumors. An immobilization mask is manufactured directly from a 3-D model, built using the CT data routinely acquired for treatment planning so there is no need to take plaster of Paris moulds. Research suggests that many patients find the mould room visit distressing and so rapid prototyping could potentially improve the overall patient experience. Evaluation of a computer model of the immobilization system using an anthropomorphic phantom shows that >99% of vertices are within a tolerance of 0.2 mm. Hausdorff distance was used to analyze CT slices obtained by rescanning the phantom with a printed mask in position. These results show that for >80% of the slices the median "worse-case" tolerance is approximately 4 mm. These measurements suggest that printed masks can achieve similar levels of immobilization to those of systems currently in clinical use.
PHARMACOLOGY OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES (1968)

Control of fertility has been held synonymous with ovulation suppression however the therapeutic goal should be achieved with minimal disruption of physiology. Separation of fertility control from ovulation inhibition is a step towards more selectively inhibiting conception. Doses of progestogens at the upper levels of the antiovulatory response produces secretory glandular change in an estrogen-primed endometrium but the secretory response is unrelated to the antiovulatory effect and pituitary suppression may be the primary mode of action. At nonovulatory inhibiting doses the mechanism of action may involve tubal physiology or spermatozoal capacitation. The optimal dose for an entire population is difficult to achieve one factor being the duration of response of a particular drug. Synthetic estrogens such as mestranol and ethinyl estradiol inhibit ovulation and decrease urinary follicular stimulating hormone. In sequential therapy the estrogen operates as an ovulatory inhibitor and a contraceptive at the same time. However this low dosage suffers reliability in the total population. Estrogens in high doses block fertility in postovulatory contraception. Combined therapy is more effective because both hormones are at antiovulatory doses.
National Water Resources Engineering Meeting of the American Society of Civil Engineers (1973)

‘Water is Everybody's Business’ is the theme of the National Water Resources Engineering Meeting of the American Society of Civil Engineers. The meeting will be held at the Washington Hilton Hotel. Washington, D.C, January 29–February 2, 1973. The ASCE meeting will give those in attendance an opportunity to present and discuss current technical and professional developments in the civil engineering field, concentrating especially in the area of water resources engineering. Forty‐nine technical and professional sessions are scheduled with approximately 200 authors represented.
Stabilization of the DC-link voltage in a two stage cascaded H-Bridge multilevel converter for battery energy storage systems (2016)

Multilevel converters and battery energy storage systems are key components in present and future medium and low voltage grids. Cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters offer the capability of embedding such energy storage units in a split manner, given the existence of several submodules operating at lower voltages. This paper presents a two stage cascaded multilevel converter with bidirectional buck/boost DC-DC converters as a charge/discharge unit for energy storage applications. A control algorithm for the DC-DC converters is proposed for balancing the batteries state of charges and reducing the DC-link voltage fluctuation under all operation conditions. Moreover, a vector control system is proposed for regulating the active and reactive power exchange between the grid and the cascaded multilevel converter. The performance of the proposed system is illustrated via simulation results.
Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training (1997)

The effects of oral creatine supplementation on muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration, muscle strength, and body composition were investigated in young female volunteers (n = 19) during 10 wk of resistance training (3 h/wk). Compared with placebo, 4 days of high-dose creatine intake (20 g/day) increased (P < 0.05) muscle PCr concentration by 6%. Thereafter, this increase was maintained during 10 wk of training associated with low-dose creatine intake (5 g/day). Compared with placebo, maximal strength of the muscle groups trained, maximal intermittent exercise capacity of the arm flexors, and fat-free mass were increased 20-25, 10-25, and 60% more (P < 0. 05), respectively, during creatine supplementation. Muscle PCr and strength, intermittent exercise capacity, and fat-free mass subsequently remained at a higher level in the creatine group than in the placebo group during 10 wk of detraining while low-dose creatine was continued. Finally, on cessation of creatine intake, muscle PCr in the creatine group returned to normal within 4 wk. It is concluded that long-term creatine supplementation enhances the progress of muscle strength during resistance training in sedentary females.
Role, Metabolism, Chemical Modifications and Applications of Hyaluronan (2009)

Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HA) is a linear naturally occurring polysaccharide formed from repeating disaccharide units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate. Despite its relatively simple structure, HA is an extraordinarily versatile glycosaminoglycan currently receiving attention across a wide front of research areas. It has a very high molar mass, usually in the order of millions of Daltons, and possesses interesting visco-elastic properties based on its polymeric and polyelectrolyte characteristics. HA is omnipresent in the human body and in other vertebrates, occurring in almost all biological fluids and tissues, although the highest amounts of HA are found in the extracellular matrix of soft connective tissues. HA is involved in several key processes, including cell signaling, wound repair and regeneration, morphogenesis, matrix organization and pathobiology. Clinically, it is used as a diagnostic marker for many disease states including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, liver pathologies, and as an early marker for impending rejection following organ transplantation. It is also used for supplementation of impaired synovial fluid in arthritic patients, following cataract surgery, as a filler in cosmetic and soft tissue surgery, as a device in several surgical procedures, particularly as an anti-adhesive following abdominal procedures, and also in tissue engineering. This review will provide an overview of the structure and physiological role of HA, as well as of its biomedical and industrial applications. Recent advances in biotechnological approaches for the preparation of HA-based materials, and as a component of tissue scaffolding for artificial organs will also be presented.
La classificazione degli ordinamenti giuridici nel diritto pubblico comparato: sei domande per una meta-ricerca sull’autonomia di una scienza e alcune riflessioni sulla dottrina delle forme di Stato (2014)

L’Autore analizza i risultati di un questionario sottoposto ad alcuni studiosi di diritto pubblico comparato circa l’autonomia della materia nel proprio Paese (Germania, Francia e Spagna) in ambito accademico e scientifico. I dati dimostrano come fuori dall’Italia la scienza pubblico-comparatistica sia ancora la Cenerentola fra le scienze giuridiche, soprattutto in virtù dell’incapacità degli operatori del settore di comprenderne la portata anche sul piano delle professioni legali. Successivamente, vengono svolte alcune riflessioni sul ruolo parallelo che nel diritto pubblico comparato svolge la dottrina delle forme di Stato rispetto alla sistemologia in famiglie giuridiche elaborato in ambito privatistico, avanzando alcune ipotesi integrative rispetto alla teoria classica.
One-step functionalization of graphene with cyclopentadienyl-capped macromolecules via Diels–Alder “click” chemistry (2012)

Under mild conditions at ambient temperature, as well as at 80 °C, graphene chemically converted from graphene oxide was functionalized with cyclopentadienyl (Cp)-capped poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether through a one-step Diels–Alder [4 + 2] (DA) “click” reaction without any catalyst. The resulting material showed improved dispersion properties in various solvents. Spectroscopic tools (Raman, FTIR, XPS, XRD) and nanoscopic scale observations (AFM, SEM, HRTEM) all confirmed the success of the DA reaction. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the grafting ratios at ambient temperature and at 80 °C were 16.7% and 21.8%, respectively.
Groundscouts: architecture for a modular micro robotic platform for swarm intelligence and cooperative robotics (2005)

This paper presents architecture for a modular micro robotic platform for swarm intelligence and cooperative robotics research and applications. In a swarm the value of an individual is negligible since the goal of the swarm is essential. Thus, the agents (robots) need to be small, low cost, and cooperative. GroundScouts are designed based on these conditions. The proposed architecture slices a robot into abstract modules such as locomotion, control, sensors, communication, and actuation. Any mobile robot can be constructed by combining these abstract modules for a specific application. A modular embedded micro-OS with dynamic task uploading and multi-tasking abilities is developed. In order to create better interface between robots and the command center and among the robots. The dynamic, task uploading allows the robots change their behaviors in runtime. Thus, the robots can work in swarm, master-slave, or hybrid mode and possibly be used in other applications such as mobile sensor networks, remote sensing, and plant monitoring
Fatigue in chronically ill patients (2008)

Methylphenidate is still considered the first choice of treatment among pharmacological therapies. Modafinil shows promise, but insufficient studies have been conducted in this setting. Bupropion may have benefits in treating depression and fatigue. Among complementary therapies, L-carnitine has the most potential. Further studies are needed before cytokine receptor antagonists and androgen replacement therapy can be recommended.
Molecular Characterization of the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Panel (2008)

These data indicate that the preclinical models accurately recapitulate expression profiles and genetic alterations common to childhood cancer, supporting their value in drug development.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antitumor effect of 2‐methoxyestradiol on human melanoma (2004)

2-methoxyestradiol (2ME(2)) is an endogenous metabolite of estradiol with estrogen-receptor-independent antitumor and antiangiogenic activity. We examined the effects of 2ME(2) on the cellular proliferation of 8 human melanoma cell lines. We show that 2ME(2) inhibited cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and an arrest in the G(2)/M phase, and the mechanism of action involved microtubules, mitochondrial damage and caspase activation. In male SCID mice, 2ME(2) was effective in reducing primary tumor weight and the number of liver metastases after intrasplenic injection of human melanoma cells. In the metastases, we found a significantly higher rate of apoptotic cells after 2ME(2) treatment. These findings on the antitumor effect of 2ME(2) in cell culture as well as in an animal model may have implications for designing alternative treatment options for patients with advanced malignant melanoma.
Knowledge-based signal understanding (2003)

The authors describe a coupled system for knowledge-based signal understanding. This system maintains two separate, collaborating knowledge bases, one for the signal analysis knowledge and one for the domain specific knowledge. An object-oriented approach is followed to ease the knowledge representation for both fields of expertise. A vocabulary (or language) is provided to facilitate interaction between the two experts and the two knowledge bases. This same language contains elements to express spatial and temporal relationships and to provide adaptation of object descriptors as the analysis progresses. Following the approach described here, the authors have developed two prototype application systems, for EEG analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>