gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Direct Network Access for Virtual Machine Monitors (2007)

This paper presents hardware and software mechanisms to enable concurrent direct network access (CDNA) by operating systems running within a virtual machine monitor. In a conventional virtual machine monitor, each operating system running within a virtual machine must access the network through a software-virtualized network interface. These virtual network interfaces are multiplexed in software onto a physical network interface, incurring significant performance overheads. The CDNA architecture improves networking efficiency and performance by dividing the tasks of traffic multiplexing, interrupt delivery, and memory protection between hardware and software in a novel way. The virtual machine monitor delivers interrupts and provides protection between virtual machines, while the network interface performs multiplexing of the network data. In effect, the CDNA architecture provides the abstraction that each virtual machine is connected directly to its own network interface. Through the use of CDNA, many of the bottlenecks imposed by software multiplexing can be eliminated without sacrificing protection, producing substantial efficiency improvements
Infrared detectors reach new lengths (1994)

Radiation detectors that work at mid-infrared and longer wavelengths have many applications, including night vision, navigation, weather monitoring, flight control and early warning radars. The absorption lines of many gas molecules – such as ozone, water, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide – occur at these wavelengths (between 3 and 18 μm), so infrared detectors can be used to monitor pollution, humidity and the distribution of different molecular species in the atmosphere.
Analysis of the Essential Oils of Five Curcuma Species (1992)

Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oils from the rhizomes of five Curcuma species from Indonesia and India was examined by GC‐MS. The oils can be characterized by the following compounds: C. xanthorrhiza Roxb.: ar ‐curcumene (41.4%), xanthorrhizol (21.5%); C. domestica Val.: ar ‐turmerone (24.7%), turmerone (29.5%), turmerol (20.0%), α‐atlantone (2.4%); C. aromatica Salisb.: ar ‐curcumene (18.6%), β‐curcumene (25.5%), xanthorrhizol (25.7%); C. aeruginosa Roxb.: isocurcumenol (8.5%), β‐eudesmol (6.5%), curdione (3.6%), curcumenol (9.9%), curcumanolides A,B (11.4%), dehydrocurdione (9.4%), curcumenone (1.9%); C. heyneana Val.: 1,8‐cineole/limonene (14.2%), isocurcumenol (7.4%), β‐eudesmol (4.7%), curcumanolides A,B (13.1%), dehydrocurdione (10.2%), curcumenone (2.3%).
In-Plane, Hollow Microneedles Via Polymer Investment Molding (2006)

Investment molding is used to create hollow, in-plane, polymer microneedles. Sacrificial investment pieces (. 32 µ m-diameter aluminum bond wires) are bonded into silicon micromachined molds. Needles are formed by filling these molds with Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (Ticona Topas ®) using an injection molding machine. These needles are immersed in etchant, dissolving the investment and leaving a hollow part. Two micromachining techniques are used to make molds, RIE and KOH. The RIE molds deliver microneedles 280 µ m in length with rectangular (130 µ m x 100 µ m) cross-sections and inner diameter of ~ 35 µ m. The KOH molds are used to create 300 µ m long microneedles with 150 µ m wide triangular shafts with tapered tips.
The Peracetic Acid Cleavage of Unsymmetrical Ketones<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Peracetic Acid Cleavage of Unsymmetrical Ketones1W. von E. Doering and Louise SpeersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 12, 5515–5518Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01168a041Request reuse permissionsArticle Views636Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (473 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Nonnegative Blind Source Separation Model for Binary Test Data (2010)

A novel method called binNMF is introduced which aimed to extract hidden information from multivariate binary data sets. The method treats the problem in the spirit of blind source separation: The data are assumed to be generated by a superposition of several simultaneously acting sources or elementary causes which are not observable directly. The superposition process is based on a minimum of assumptions and reversed to identify the underlying sources. The method is motivated, developed, and demonstrated in the context of binary wafer test data which evolve during microchip fabrication.
High-Performance Accumulated Back-Interface Dynamic Threshold SOI MOSFET (AB-DTMOS) with Large Body Effect at Low Supply Voltage (1999)

A high-performance accumulated back-interface dynamic threshold silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (AB-DTMOS) with a large body effect at low supply voltage ( V dd < 0.5 V) is proposed for low-power applications. In AB-DTMOS, the back interface between the non-doped thin SOI and the buried oxide is accumulated by a large negative substrate bias, and the gate electrode is connected to this electrically induced body. AB-DTMOS realizes an ideal low/ultrahigh step channel profile electrically and achieves the maximum body effect. At fixed V th , the body effect factor (γ) of AB-DTMOS is twice as large as that of the conventional uniformly doped channel DTMOS, because the channel depletion layer width of AB-DTMOS is half that of the conventional DTMOS. Experimental results show a steep subthreshold slope, a high current drive due to a large V th shift, and a suppressed short channel effect.
Development of a new staging system for recurrent oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (1999)

This staging system provides accurate estimates of prognosis, involves no new technology to implement, demonstrates statistically significant differences in survival by stage, and may aid both the physician and the patient in planning therapy.
Paper Fsrs And Latex/Fabric Traction Sensors: Methods For The Development Of Home-Made Touch Sensors (2006)

This paper presents the development of novel "home-made" touch sensors using conductive pigments and various substrate materials. We show that it is possible to build one's own position, pressure and bend sensors with various electrical characteristics, sizes and shapes, and this for a very competitive price. We give examples and provide results from experimental tests of such developments.
Ocular findings in a form of retinitis pigmentosa with a rhodopsin gene defect. (1990)

Ocular findings are presented in 17 unrelated patients with a form of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and the same C to A transversion in codon 23 of the rhodopsin gene. These patients (mean age, 36.6 years) had, on average, significantly better visual acuity and larger ERG amplitudes than 131 unrelated patients (mean age, 32.1 years) with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa without this mutation. These 17 patients from separate families as well as 11 relatives with the mutation from 4 of these families showed interfamilial and intrafamilial variability with respect to severity of their ocular disease. This clinical heterogeneity among patients with the same mutation, with older patients sometimes showing less loss of visual function and less intraretinal bone spicule pigment than younger patients, suggests that some factor other than the gene defect itself is involved in the expression of this condition. This form of retinitis pigmentosa can now be detected by testing leukocyte DNA from peripheral blood. Patients so identified should have an ocular examination to determine the extent of their disease in view of the clinical heterogeneity that exists among patients with this mutation. Some mechanisms by which this mutation in the rhodopsin gene could lead to photoreceptor cell death are discussed. Opportunities for future clinical and laboratory research in search of possible treatments are considered.
[Enzyme-immuno-histo-in situ hybridization]. (1987)

In order to understand the physiological functions of normal as well as neoplastic cells, it is best to investigate at the level of individual cell. We have been involved for the past several years with the development of a method for the localization of mRNA in individual cells using hapten labeled cDNA. Specifically, cDNA are labeled with dinitrophenyl (DNP) and the labeled cDNA are hybridized with mRNA in cells. Then the hybridized DNP-cDNA are then localized immunohistochemically using peroxidase-labeled antibodies. In this investigation, we concentrated on establishing the best condition for the removal of proteins in order to expose mRNA and for the removal of non-specific back ground staining. It was found that some proteins treatment was necessary for the exposure of mRNA for well fixed tissues and that high concentration of formamide and low concentration of salt removed effectively the nonspecific staining. Using the backscattered electron imaging for by scanning electron microscope, specific mRNA was localized in cells and tissues at the ultrastructural level.
Fast Orthogonal Projection Based on Kronecker Product (2015)

We propose a family of structured matrices to speed up orthogonal projections for high-dimensional data commonly seen in computer vision applications. In this, a structured matrix is formed by the Kronecker product of a series of smaller orthogonal matrices. This achieves O(dlogd) computational complexity and O(logd) space complexity for d-dimensional data, a drastic improvement over the standard unstructured projections whose computational and space complexities are both O(d^2). The proposed structured matrices are applicable to a number of application domains, and are faster and more compact than other structured matrices used in the past. We also introduce an efficient learning procedure for optimizing such matrices in a data dependent fashion. We demonstrate the significant advantages of the proposed approach in solving the approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) image search problem with both binary embedding and quantization. We find that the orthogonality plays a very important role in solving ANN problem, since the random orthogonal Kronecker projection has already provided promising performance. Comprehensive experiments show that the proposed approach can achieve similar or better accuracy as the existing state-of-the-art but with significantly less time and memory.
Distributed Scheduler of Workflows with Deadlines in a P2P Desktop Grid (2010)

Scheduling large amounts of tasks in distributed computing platforms composed of millions of nodes is a challenging goal, even more in a fully decentralized way and with low overhead. Thus, we propose a new scalable scheduler for task workflows with deadlines following a completely decentralized architecture. It's built upon a tree-based P2P overlay that supports efficient and fast aggregation of resource availability information. Constraints for deadlines and the correct timing of tasks in workflows are guaranteed with a suitable distributed management of availability time intervals of resources. A local scheduler in each node provides its available time intervals to the distributed global scheduler, which summarizes them in the aggregation process. A two phase reservation protocol looks for suitable resources that comply with workflow structure and deadline. Experimental results, from simulations of a system composed of one million nodes, show scalable fast scheduling with low overhead that can allow a high dynamic usage of computational resources.
Magnetic properties of aerosol synthesized Co-substituted spinel ferrites (1993)

An aerosol technique and pyrolysis of a mixture of cobalt-nickel-zinc-magnesium and iron nitrates with a fixed stoichiometric composition are used to prepare submicron spherical particles of Co substituted ferrite powders with a spinel-type structure. The magnetic properties are studied using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and ferrimagnetic resonance (FMR). Important parameters such as saturation magnetization, FMR linewidth, and spectroscopic splitting factor are taken into analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Within-Batch and Batch-to-Batch Inferential-Adaptive Control of Semibatch Reactors:  A Partial Least Squares Approach (2003)

An inferential control strategy that combines within-batch information from process variable trajectories and information from prior batches to control multivariate product quality properties in semibatch reactors is presented. The approach extends mid-course correction (MCC) strategies by including batch-to-batch information in the controllers and an adaptive partial least squares (PLS) approach to update the models from batch to batch. As with other MCC approaches, the scheme retains the “no-control region” concept where control is taken at various stages during the batch only if the projected error in the final quality is deemed to be statistically significant. Only data on readily available process measurements (e.g., temperatures) throughout the batch, plus a measurement on a variable related to quality (e.g., particle size) at one or more discrete times during the batch, are required to achieve very precise control of the final product quality (e.g., particle-size distribution, PSD). Latent variable models based on PLS are a key element in the approach. They are able to extract information efficiently from the large number of highly correlated measurements on the process variable trajectories and relate it to high-dimensional output measurements on product quality (e.g., PSD) by projecting this information into low-dimensional latent variable spaces. The methodology is applied to the control of PSD in emulsion polymerization. The problem of regulation about a fixed set-point PSD in the face of disturbances and the problem of achieving new set-point PSDs are both illustrated.
Morphological image processing for quantitative shape analysis of biomedical structures: effective contrast enhancement (2013)

Image processing methods significantly contribute to visualization of images captured by biomedical modalities (such as mammography, X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and light and electron microscopy). Quantitative interpretation of the deluge of complicated biomedical images, however, poses many research challenges, one of which is to enhance structural features that are scarcely perceptible to the human eye. This study introduces a contrast enhancement approach based on a new type of mathematical morphology called rotational morphological processing. The proposed method is applied to medical images for the enhancement of structural features. The effectiveness of the method is evaluated quantitatively by the contrast improvement ratio (CIR). The CIR of the proposed method is 12.1, versus 4.7 and 0.1 for two conventional contrast enhancement methods, clearly indicating the high contrasting capability of the method.
Thermally resistant polymers containing the <i>s</i>‐triazine ring (1966)

Abstract Aromatic dinitriles cyclize to form aromatic polymers containing the s ‐triazine ring. In this paper, these polymers are compared thermally with each other and with aromatic melamine polymers prepared via the aromatic diamine and cyanuric chloride. One perfluoroaromatic melamine polymer was prepared and compared with the other two types of polymers. The polymers (triazines and melamine) in which biphenyl was the backbone were increasingly stable up to 1000°C. in nitrogen. The triazine polymers as a group were the most stable. The perfluoroaromatic polymer was the most stable melamine up to 500°C. in air but was very unstable above 700°C.
2-dimensional numerical analysis of laminated thin film elements (1988)

A theoretical analysis of the laminated thin film elements is carried out by solving the micromagnetic equation. The boundary conditions of the equation are obtained by assuming that the magnetization is pinned at the edges of the elements. The dimension of the element is 2 mu m*20 mu m, with 150-AA-thick magnetic layers and a 50-AA-thick nonmagnetic layer. For the numerical analysis each magnetic layer is divided into 40*100 segments. The demagnetizing field is obtained by integrating the surface poles generated at the boundaries of the elements. Two different element shapes are considered: rectangular and diamond. Each shape is solved with its anisotropy constant either parallel or perpendicular to the long dimension of the element.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Variable Frequency Operation of DFIG based Wind Farms connected to the Grid through VSC-HVDC Link (2007)

High voltage DC transmission using voltage source converters is a quite new technology for the interconnection of offshore wind farms. It facilitates variable frequency operation in the wind farm grid, which can be used for improving the performance of the wind turbines. In this paper a new approach for the coordinated control of voltage source converter based HVDC and wind turbines equipped with doubly-fed induction generators is introduced. Variable frequency can be used to reduce the machine slip. Thus a lower rated converter is sufficient for the same speed range. Alternatively, the slip-limiting operation can be used for extending the speed range while keeping the converter rating at the same level. The basics of variable frequency operation of doubly-fed induction generators are discussed, and the performance is evaluated by a simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink.
The Ca2+ Status of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Is Altered by Induction of Calreticulin Expression in Transgenic Plants (2001)

To investigate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) stores in plant cells, we generated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum; NT1) suspension cells and Arabidopsis plants with altered levels of calreticulin (CRT), an ER-localized Ca(2+)-binding protein. NT1 cells and Arabidopsis plants were transformed with a maize (Zea mays) CRT gene in both sense and antisense orientations under the control of an Arabidopsis heat shock promoter. ER-enriched membrane fractions from NT1 cells were used to examine how altered expression of CRT affects Ca(2+) uptake and release. We found that a 2.5-fold increase in CRT led to a 2-fold increase in ATP-dependent (45)Ca(2+) accumulation in the ER-enriched fraction compared with heat-shocked wild-type controls. Furthermore, after treatment with the Ca(2+) ionophore ionomycin, ER microsomes from NT1 cells overproducing CRT showed a 2-fold increase in the amount of (45)Ca(2+) released, and a 2- to 3-fold increase in the amount of (45)Ca(2+) retained compared with wild type. These data indicate that altering the production of CRT affects the ER Ca(2+) pool. In addition, CRT transgenic Arabidopsis plants were used to determine if altered CRT levels had any physiological effects. We found that the level of CRT in heat shock-induced CRT transgenic plants correlated positively with the retention of chlorophyll when the plants were transferred from Ca(2+)-containing medium to Ca(2+)-depleted medium. Together these data are consistent with the hypothesis that increasing CRT in the ER increases the ER Ca(2+) stores and thereby enhances the survival of plants grown in low Ca(2+) medium.
Recent advances in the research of polyanion-type cathode materials for Li-ion batteries (2011)

In the past decades, research efforts on polyanion-type cathode materials by the scientific community intensified significantly. This paper reviews the latest advances in the exploration and development of polyanion-type compounds as high performance cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. It focuses on the synthesis, structure and physicochemical (especially electrochemical) properties of several classes of polyanion compounds. The relationship between composition–structure–performance of the novel electrode materials is also summarized and analyzed. The main approaches, achievements and challenges in this field are briefly commented and discussed.
Synthesis of N-substituted phthalimidoalkyl 1H-1,2,3-triazoles: a molecular diversity combining click chemistry and ultrasound irradiation (2012)

A series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives was synthesized from N-phthalimidoalkyl-azides (A1 -A4) and alkynes (a-e) under ultrasound irradiation in the presence of CuI, Et3N and DMF as solvent. The present protocol afforded 18 new 1,2,3-triazoles (1-4) in good-to-excellent yields (67-98%).
{Tl[Au(C<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]}<i><sub>n</sub></i>:  A Vapochromic Complex (2003)

The X-ray structure of (Tl[Au(C(6)Cl(5))(2)])(n), 1, consists of 1-D linear polymer chains parallel to the crystallographic z axis. The crystal structure of 1 has channels that run parallel to these chains with interatom distances in the range 3.231-4.076 A. There are holes in these channels with diameters as large as 10.471 A, which can accommodate a variety of solvents. Complex 1 displays reversible vapochromic emission and absorption spectral behavior when the solid is exposed to a variety of organic vapors such as acetone, acetonitrile, triethylamine, acetylacetone, tetrahydrothiophene, 2-fluoropyridine, tetrahydrofuran, and pyridine. Complex 1 is luminescent at room temperature and at 77 K in the solid state. UV excitation at 495 nm leads to an emission at 531 nm.
Expression of superoxide dismutase in whole lens prevents cataract formation. (2005)

Overexpression of SOD1 in whole lens prevents H2O2-induced oxidative damage (cataract formation) to the lens and subsequent control of gap junctions by protein kinase Cgamma.