gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iodide Excess Induces Apoptosis in Thyroid Cells through a p53-Independent Mechanism Involving Oxidative Stress (2000)

Thyroid toxicity of iodide excess has been demonstrated in animals fed with an iodide-rich diet; in vitro iodide is cytotoxic, inhibits cell growth, and induces morphological changes in thyroid cells of some species. In this study, we investigated the effect of iodide excess in an immortalized thyroid cell line (TAD-2) in primary cultures of human thyroid cells and in cells of nonthyroid origin. Iodide displayed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both TAD-2 and primary thyroid cells, although at different concentrations, whereas it had no effect on cells of nonthyroid origin. Thyroid cells treated with iodide excess underwent apoptosis, as evidenced by morphological changes, plasma membrane phosphatidylserine exposure, and DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis was unaffected by protein synthesis inhibition, whereas inhibition of peroxidase enzymatic activity by propylthiouracil completely blocked iodide cytotoxicity. During KI treatment, reactive oxygen species were produced, and lipid peroxide levels increased markedly. Inhibition of endogenous p53 activity did not affect the sensitivity of TAD-2 cells to iodide, and Western blot analysis demonstrated that p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bax protein expression did not change when cells were treated with iodide. These data indicate that excess molecular iodide, generated by oxidation of ionic iodine by endogenous peroxidases, induces apoptosis in thyroid cells through a mechanism involving generation of free radicals. This type of apoptosis is p53 independent, does not require protein synthesis, and is not induced by modulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, or Bax protein expression.
Cardiopulmonary complications leading to premature deaths in adult patients with sickle cell disease (2009)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with early mortality. We sought to determine the incidence, cause, and risk factors for death in an adult population of patients with SCD. All patients aged >/=18 years seen at the Adult Sickle Cell Center at Duke University Medical Center between January 2000 and April 2005 were enrolled. Forty-three patients (21 males and 22 females) died during the study period. The median age of survival was 39 years for females (95% CI: 34-56), 40 years for males (95% CI: 34-48), and 40 years overall (95% CI: 35-48). Cardiac causes of death accounted for 25.6% (11/43 patients); pulmonary, 14.0% (six patients); other SCD related, 32.6% (14 patients); unknown, 14.0% (six patients); and others, 14.0% (six patients). Pulseless electrical activity arrest, pulmonary emboli, multiorgan failure, and stroke were the most frequent causes of death. Among the deceased patients, the most common premorbid conditions were cardiopulmonary: acute chest syndrome/pneumonia (58.1%), Pulmonary hypertension (pHTN; 41.9%), systemic HTN (25.6%), congestive heart failure (25.6%), myocardial infarction (20.9%), and arrhythmias (14.0%). Tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity was significantly higher (3.1 m/sec vs. 2.6 m/sec, P < 0.001) and hemoglobin significantly lower (8.3 g/dL vs. 9.2 g/dL, P < 0.05) in deceased patients when compared with patients who lived, respectively. With improved preventive and therapeutic advances, including hydroxyurea therapy, acute complications such as infection are no longer the leading cause of death; instead, causes of death and premorbid conditions are shifting to chronic cardiopulmonary complications. Further, arrhythmia leading to premature death is under-recognized in SCD and warrants further investigation.
Efficient layer stopping technique for layered LDPC decoding (2013)

Early termination techniques are widely used in low‐density party‐check (LDPC) decoding since the decoding operations can be tremendously reduced. A layer stopping criterion is proposed to reduce further the operations within iterative layered LDPC decoding. The proposed criterion detects the high reliability of the soft log‐likelihood ratio with a threshold in each layer. Then the layer operations can be stopped when the reliable layers are detected. The proposed criterion combined with early termination techniques can efficiently reduce the layer operations by up to 60% with a negligible loss of coding gain at E b / N 0 of 3.2 dB.
Autophagy (2010)

Since the discovery of yeast autophagy-related genes (current ATG genes) in the early 1990s, the autophagy research field has grown exponentially. The number of published papers related to autophagy was less than 100 per year before 2000; however, in 2009, it exceeded 1600. Moreover, autophagy has also been discussed not only in scientific journals. There is a very popular Japanese comic (manga) magazine, “Weekly Shonen (means boys) Jump”, with a weekly a circulation of more than 2 million. In two issues in 2009, autophagy appeared in a story in which a hero fought against an enemy. The hero was starved, but was activated by inducing autophagy (unfortunately, the effect did not last long). This magazine told more than 2 million children (and some adults) that we have a unique strategy, autophagy, to survive starvation. This shows how times have changed; just 10 years ago, autophagy was of very minor importance even within the scientific community. Progress has been made in understanding both the molecular mechanism and the physiologic and pathologic roles of autophagy. The breakthrough brought by yeast genetic studies led to the identification of homologs/counterparts in other species including mammals, although some have been identified only recently. In addition to these classical ATG genes, higher eukaryote-specific factors have also been discovered. It appears that the basic mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved, whereas divergent regulatory elements have developed. Using forward and reverse genetic approaches, the roles of autophagy have been studied in various organisms and it is now known that autophagy is involved not only in starvation adaptation, but also in intracellular quality control, development, anti-aging, clearance of intracellular microbes, antigen presentation, and protection against diseases such as neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Therefore, understanding of autophagy is vital for current life science. In this FEBS Letters Special Issue on Autophagy, we have invited 21 researchers/groups to review the most updated information and discuss our future directions. We are most grateful to the authors for these outstanding mini-reviews, and to the reviewers for their expert comments and criticism.
The Library (1963)

The Library Get access TRANSACTIONS OF THE CAMBRIDGE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY , Vol. III, Pt. 3. Cambridge : Bowes & Bowes , 1961 ; pp. viii, 181–264 ; 25s. to non-members. JEAN ROBERTSON JEAN ROBERTSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 10, Issue 1, January 1963, Pages 33–34, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/10-1-33 Published: 01 January 1963
Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, 2nd ed. (1998)

First Page
2-Lithioadamantane (1971)

Abstract Previous investigations have shown that matallic derivatives of bridgehead substituted adamantane compounds do not possess enough stability to be synthetically useful. Intial attempts to prepare such derivatives from 2-bromoadamantane at elevated tamperatures also failed, where-as treatment of this compund with methyllithium in refluxing ttrahydrofumn furnished 2,2′-oiadamantane in almost quantitative yield.
Inhibitory effect of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid on tumor promotion in mouse skin by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. (1988)

The effects of topically applied curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity, epidermal DNA synthesis, and the promotion of skin tumors were evaluated in female CD-1 mice. Topical application of 0.5, 1, 3, or 10 mumol of curcumin inhibited by 31, 46, 84, or 98%, respectively, the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity by 5 nmol of TPA. In an additional study, the topical application of 10 mumol of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, or ferulic acid inhibited by 91, 25, 42, or 46%, respectively, the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity by 5 nmol of TPA. The topical application of 10 mumol of curcumin together with 2 or 5 nmol of TPA inhibited the TPA-dependent stimulation of the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into epidermal DNA by 49 or 29%, respectively, whereas lower doses of curcumin had little or no effect. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were less effective than curcumin as inhibitors of the TPA-dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis. Topical application of 1, 3, or 10 mumol of curcumin together with 5 nmol of TPA twice weekly for 20 weeks to mice previously initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene inhibited the number of TPA-induced tumors per mouse by 39, 77, or 98%, respectively. Similar treatment of mice with 10 mumol of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, or ferulic acid together with 5 nmol of TPA inhibited the number of TPA-induced tumors per mouse by 60, 28, or 35%, respectively, and higher doses of the phenolic acids caused a more pronounced inhibition of tumor promotion. The possibility that curcumin could inhibit the action of arachidonic acid was evaluated by studying the effect of curcumin on arachidonic acid-induced edema of mouse ears. The topical application of 3 or 10 mumol of curcumin 30 min before the application of 1 mumol of arachidonic acid inhibited arachidonic acid-induced edema by 33 or 80%, respectively.
Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Reinforcement Learning for an Adaptive Order Dispatching in Job Shop Manufacturing Systems (2019)

Modern production systems tend to have smaller batch sizes, a larger product variety and more complex material flow systems. Since a human oftentimes can no longer act in a sufficient manner as a decision maker under these circumstances, the demand for efficient and adaptive control systems is rising. This paper introduces a methodical approach as well as guideline for the design, implementation and evaluation of Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms for an adaptive order dispatching. Thereby, it addresses production engineers willing to apply RL. Moreover, a real-world use case shows the successful application of the method and remarkable results supporting real-time decision-making. These findings comprehensively illustrate and extend the knowledge on RL.
Membrane topology of human NPC1L1, a key protein in enterohepatic cholesterol absorption (2009)

The Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) is a predicted polytopic membrane protein that is critical for cholesterol absorption. NPC1L1 takes up free cholesterol into cells through vesicular endocytosis. Ezetimibe, a clinically used cholesterol absorption inhibitor, blocks the endocytosis of NPC1L1 thereby inhibiting cholesterol uptake. Human NPC1L1 is a 1,332-amino acid protein with a putative sterol-sensing domain (SSD) that shows sequence homo-logy to HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), and SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). Here, we use protease protection and immunofluorescence in selectively permeabilized cells to study the topology of human NPC1L1. Our data indicate that NPC1L1 contains 13 transmembrane helices. The NH2-terminus of NPC1L1 is in the lumen while the COOH-terminus projects to the cytosol. human NPC1L1 contains seven small cytoplasmic loops--four small and three large luminal loops--one of which has been reported to bind ezetimibe. Ezetimibe-glucuronide, the major metabolite of ezetimibe in vivo, can block the internalization of NPC1L1 and cholesterol. The membrane topology of NPC1L1 is similar to that of NPC1, and the putative SSD of NPC1L1 is oriented in the same manner as those of HMGCR, NPC1, and SCAP. The defined topology of NPC1L1 provides necessary information for further dissecting the functions of the different domains of NPC1L1.
La aplicación de la doctrina de Diego Porras a investigadores y a profesores universitarios : ¿extensión de derechos o consolidación de carencias? (2018)

espanolEn el actual contexto de elevadas tasas de temporalidad y de precariedad laboral del colectivo de los investigadores y profesores universitarios, no es de extranar que se intente recurrir a las amplias posibilidades que introdujo la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Union Europea de 14 de septiembre de 2016, asunto “De Diego Porras”, para conseguir que aquellos investigadores y profesores universitarios que han desarrollado su actividad en el seno de las universidades y otros centros de investigacion publicos a traves de alguna modalidad contractual temporal puedan obtener algun tipo de indemnizacion cuando vean extinguida su relacion laboral por expiracion del tiempo convenido o realizacion de la obra o servicio objeto del contrato o, para el caso en que ya tengan reconocida alguna indemnizacion, que la misma alcance una cuantia superior. En este estudio se analiza, precisamente, como los tribunales de justicia estan aplicando la doctrina “De Diego Porras” a la contratacion de investigadores y profesores universitarios, en particular, a los investigadores contratados mediante un contrato para la realizacion de un proyecto de investigacion y a los profesores contratados mediante el contrato de Profesor Ayudante Doctor. Asimismo, tambien se analizan los efectos que se pueden derivar de la aplicacion a estos supuestos de la doctrina “De Diego Porras” en la futura contratacion de investigadores y de profesores por parte de las universidades y otros centros de investigacion publicos. EnglishIn the current context of high rates of temporary employment and of job insecurity among researchers and university lecturers, it is not surprising that an attempt is made to resort to the extensive possibilities introduced by the Ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 14 September 2016, the “De Diego Porras” case, in order to manage to obtain - for those researchers and university lecturers who have carried out their activity in universities and other public research centres with some kind of temporary contract - some kind of indemnity when their labour relationship is terminated on expiry of the time agreed upon or completion of the work or service to which the contract refers or, if they already have some indemnity recognized, for the same to be of a higher amount. This study analyzes, precisely, how the courts of justice are applying the “De Diego Porras” doctrine to the recruitment of researchers and university lecturers, in particular to the researchers hired with a contract for the completion of a research project and to the lecturers hired with a Ph.D. Assistant Lecturer contract. It also analyzes the effects that may arise from applying these assumptions from the “De Diego Porras” doctrine to the future recruitment of researchers and lecturers by universities and other public research centres.
Internet distributed image information system (2001)

A new IP multimedia distributed system is presented. The two main functionalities are error-resilience for image and video transmission and storage and distribution of partial information among several servers in order to use different internet route
The Theory and Practice of Sodium Chlorite Bleaching (1960)

The decomposition of sodium chlorite during the bleaching of flax has been studied at different pH values and various temperatures. Bleaching with sodium chlorite should be accompanied by maximum formation of sodium chloride and minimum formation of sodium chlorate and chlorine dioxide. The oxidising power of the bleaching agent is discussed. Whilst there is a good margin of safety with sodium chlorite under normal bleaching conditions, extreme conditions must be avoided, in order to prevent chemical damage. The effect of sodium chlorite on the impurities present in cotton and flax is discussed. The use of hot, weakly acid oxidising solutions permits shortened bleaching processes. The main problems in practical sodium chlorite bleaching are (1) choice of a suitable method of activation of the bleaching agent, (2) selection of corrosion‐resistant materials for construction of bleaching plant, and (3) design of the equipment to be used.
Research Commentary: Educational Technology: An Equity Challenge to the Common Core (2016)

The implementation of the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (National Governors Association Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010) has the potential to move forward key features of standards-based reforms in mathematics that have been promoted in the United States for more than 2 decades (e.g., National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989, 2000; National Science Foundation, 1996). We believe that this is an especially opportune time to purposely focus on improving the mathematics education of students who have historically been denied access to a high-quality and rigorous mathematics education in the United States, specifically low-income students and students of color (e.g., Kitchen, DePree, Celedón-Pattichis, & Brinkerhoff, 2007; Leonard & Martin, 2013). We discuss a challenge to realizing standards-based reforms in mathematics in the United States: computer-based interventions in mathematics classrooms.
Monolithically-Integrated Mulitlevel Inverter on Lateral GaN-on-Si Technology for High-Voltage Applications (2015)

This work reports on the development of a fully integrated monolithic single-phase diode-clamped multilevel (DCM) converter in a high-voltage AlGaN/GaN-on-Si technology for high-power conversion applications. The power chip operates as an inverter (DC/AC) to produce a three level output voltage from a DC link as well as a rectifier (AC/DC) to feed a DC link with a desired voltage. The application range, the topology, and the design of the inverter are presented in detail. The integrated inverter circuit is dimensioned for U <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> = +/- 400 V and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> = 5 A. Furthermore measurements of the performance of the single devices on the integrated chip are demonstrated.
Review: Metaheuristic Search-Based Fuzzy Clustering Algorithms (2018)

Fuzzy clustering is a famous unsupervised learning method used to collecting similar data elements within cluster according to some similarity measurement. But, clustering algorithms suffer from some drawbacks. Among the main weakness including, selecting the initial cluster centres and the appropriate clusters number is normally unknown. These weaknesses are considered the most challenging tasks in clustering algorithms. This paper introduces a comprehensive review of metahueristic search to solve fuzzy clustering algorithms problems.
[The life of doctor Louis-Désiré Véron (1798-1867)]. (2004)

The life of doctor Louis-Désiré Véron (1798-1867) was an incredible odyssey. Starting his professional life as an 'Interne des Hôpitaux de Paris', he found himself unable to enter the medical establishment at a time it was practically impossible to succeed in Parisian society without having being born into a wealthy family. He was eventually able to take his revenge on Paris when he had made a fortune from pharmacy. He became the head of the Le Pelletier Paris Opera (1831-1835), in one of the most brilliant periods of opera history, with productions of Robert le Diable by Meyerbeer and La Sylphide, a ballet choreographed by Filippo Taglioni. This latter was first interpreted by Marie, the prima ballerina daughter of Taglioni. Doctor Véron became her protector. He compensated for his ugly physical appearance by a combination of smart intelligence and a keen spirit, which enabled him to seduce Mademoiselle Rachel, one of the most famous tragic actresses of the era at La Comédie-Française.
Calcium and meiotic maturation of the mammalian oocyte (1995)

The role of calcium in the regulation of both the meiotic and mitotic cell cycles has been the subject of considerable investigation in the nonmammalian field. In contrast, the mechanisms for signalling meiotic maturation in the mammalian oocyte are not as well documented nor as clearly defined. In the mammalian oocyte, calcium is associated with both spontaneous and hormone-induced meiotic maturation. A transient release of endogenously stored calcium precedes germinal vesicle breakdown and can override cyclic AMP maintained meiotic arrest; it thus may signal the resumption of meiosis. Additionally, extracellular calcium is apparently required for meiotic progression past metaphase I. The time sequence for meiotic resumption and progression is very varied between species. The timing of cell cycle protein synthesis during meiosis suggests that cyclins may be expressed in oocytes of some species much earlier in their development than in others. A generic model is proposed for the mechanism for triggering meiotic resumption in the mammalian oocyte. In this model, the critical components of meiotic resumption involve the temporal relationship of cyclin synthesis and the subsequent activation of the MPF complex by the calcium signal generated, which accounts for differences among species.
iAnnotate: exploring multi-user ink annotation in web browsers (2010)

We present iAnnotate, a tool that provides multi-user digital ink annotation on standard web pages within a commercial browser. The annotation can be saved, retrieved and shared with others via a URL. In addition multiple users ’ annotations can be displayed on the same page. We describe our design goals and the technical challenges. While realizing annotation on web documents is difficult because of the dynamic nature of the documents and the security constraints of web browsers, our user evaluation suggests that fully realized digital ink annotation tools would be very valuable.
An effective two-stage model for exploiting non-local dependencies in named entity recognition (2006)

This paper shows that a simple two-stage approach to handle non-local dependencies in Named Entity Recognition (NER) can outperform existing approaches that handle non-local dependencies, while being much more computationally efficient. NER systems typically use sequence models for tractable inference, but this makes them unable to capture the long distance structure present in text. We use a Conditional Random Field (CRF) based NER system using local features to make predictions and then train another CRF which uses both local information and features extracted from the output of the first CRF. Using features capturing non-local dependencies from the same document, our approach yields a 12.6% relative error reduction on the F1 score, over state-of-the-art NER systems using local-information alone, when compared to the 9.3% relative error reduction offered by the best systems that exploit non-local information. Our approach also makes it easy to incorporate non-local information from other documents in the test corpus, and this gives us a 13.3% error reduction over NER systems using local-information alone. Additionally, our running time for inference is just the inference time of two sequential CRFs, which is much less than that directly model the dependencies and do approximate inference.
Immunohistochemical study of mucin carbohydrates and core proteins in human pancreatic tumors (1993)

The results from this study suggest that the expression of the mucin core protein and mucin carbohydrate antigens is correlated with the biologic behavior of pancreatic tumors. In particular, the expression of mammary type mucin core protein and intestinal type mucin core protein showed a striking contrast between invasive ductal carcinomas with a poor prognosis and intraductal papillary tumors with a favorable prognosis.
Risk of death and the efficacy of eritoran tetrasodium (E5564): Design considerations for clinical trials of anti-inflammatory agents in sepsis* (2009)

Barochia, Amisha V. MBBS; Cui, Xizhong MD, PhD; Natanson, Charles MD; Eichacker, Peter Q. MD Author Information