gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suez: a cluster-based scalable real-time packet router (2002)

Suez is a high-performance real-time packet router that supports fast best-effort packet routing and scalable QoS-guaranteed packet scheduling, and is built on a hardware platform consisting of a cluster of commodity PCs connected by a gigabit/sec system area network. The major goal of the Suez project is to demonstrate that the PC cluster architecture can be as cost-effective a platform for high-performance network packet routing as for parallel computing. Suez features a cache-conscious routing-table search algorithm that exploits CPU caching hardware for fast lookup by treating IP addresses directly as virtual addresses. To scale the number of real-time connections supportable with the link speed, Suez implements a fixed-granularity fluid fair queuing (FGFFQ) algorithm that completely eliminates the per-packet sorting overhead associated with conventional weighted fair queuing algorithms. This paper presents the architectural features of Suez, and reports the performance measurements of the Linux-based Suez prototype, which is built on four Pentium-II 400 MHz machines and Myrinet.
Improved operation of power transformer protection using artificial neural network (1997)

This paper suggests the possibility of improving digital power transformer protection. The establishment of inrush in power transformers is becoming unreliable in existing numerical protection. An artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to inrush detection. The saturation of protective current transformers (CT) cannot be totally eliminated despite proper dimensioning. ANN was used for the reconstruction of distorted secondary CT currents due to saturation. In both cases, an ANN was included in the protection algorithm as an extension of the existing methods, which improved the reliability of the protection operation. The paper presents the digital protection algorithm completed in this way and the laboratory equipment by means of which experimental results were obtained. The results confirm faster and more reliable recognition of transformer inrush, as well as satisfactory reconstruction of the distorted secondary CT currents.
Grey curve and its general problems (1995)

In this paper, we introduce a conception of grey curve according to the grey system theory, define the grey degree of the grey curve, and discuss the basic properties of the grey curve.
Contracts for field projects and supporting research on enhanced oil recovery and improved drilling technology. Progress review No. 28 (1982)

Highlights of progress during the quarter ending September 30, 1981 are summarized. Field projects and supporting research in the following areas are reported: chemical flooding; carbon dioxide injection; thermal processes/heavy oil (steam and in-situ combustion); resource assessment technology; extraction technology; environmental; petroleum technology; microbial enhanced oil recovery; and improved drilling technology. A list of BETC publications with abstracts, published during the quarter is included. (DMC)
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>flavor domain wall QCD on a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>fm</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>lattice: Light meson spectroscopy with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>16</mml:mn></mml:math> (2007)

We present results for light meson masses and pseudoscalar decay constants from the first of a series of lattice calculations with $2+1$ dynamical flavors of domain wall fermions and the Iwasaki gauge action. The work reported here was done at a fixed lattice spacing of about 0.12 fm on a ${16}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}32$ lattice, which amounts to a spatial volume of $(2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}{)}^{3}$ in physical units. The number of sites in the fifth dimension is 16, which gives ${m}_{\mathrm{res}}=0.00308(4)$ in these simulations. Three values of input light sea quark masses, ${m}_{l}^{\mathrm{sea}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.85{m}_{s}$, $0.59{m}_{s}$ and $0.33{m}_{s}$ were used to allow for extrapolations to the physical light quark limit, while the heavier sea quark mass was fixed to approximately the physical strange quark mass ${m}_{s}$. The exact rational hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm was used to evaluate the fractional powers of the fermion determinants in the ensemble generation. We have found that ${f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=127(4)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, ${f}_{K}=157(5)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$ and ${f}_{K}/{f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=1.24(2)$, where the errors are statistical only, which are in good agreement with the experimental values.
Surface properties and gas permeabilities of polybutadiene membrane treated with various fluorine containing gas plasmas. (1991)

A membrane surface of polybutadiene (PBD) has been treated with CF,CICF,Cl-.
Nucleation and Growth Characteristics of a Binary Low-Mass Organogel (2006)

The system of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate and 4-chlorophenol, when dissolved in a nonpolar organic solvent, forms an organogel. The fibers of this organogel are formed through a nucleation-growth phenomenon. By reducing evaporation of the pregel solution, the fibers can be directed to grow with extremely long persistence lengths. Alignment of multiple fibers is achieved by inducting growth at the air-solution interface. The interplay of two zones, one above the critical nucleation concentration and the other below, allows orientation to be accomplished as fiber growth proceeds. The observations have implications for the use of the organogel as a template for materials synthesis.
Gating of water channels (aquaporins) in cortical cells of young corn roots by mechanical stimuli (pressure pulses): effects of ABA and of HgCl2 (2004)

Hydraulic properties (half-time of water exchange, T1/2, and hydraulic conductivity, Lp; T1/2 approximately 1/Lp) of individual cells in the cortex of young corn roots were measured using a cell pressure probe for up to 6 h to avoid variations between cells. When pulses of turgor pressure of different size were imposed, T1/2 (Lp) responded differently depending on the size. Pulses of smaller than 0.1 MPa, which induced a small proportional water flow, caused no changes in T1/2 (Lp). Medium-sized pulses of between 0.1 and 0.2 MPa caused an increase in T1/2 (decrease in Lp) by a factor of 4 to 23. The effects caused by medium-sized pulses were reversible within 5-20 min. When larger pulses of more than 0.2 MPa were employed, changes were not reversible within 1-3 h, but could be reversed within 30 min in the presence of 500 nM of the stress hormone ABA. Cells with a short T1/2 responded to the aquaporin blocker mercuric chloride (HgCl2). The treatment had no effect on cells which exhibited long T1/2 following a mechanical inhibition by the large-pulse treatment. Step decreases in pressure resulted in the same inhibition as step increases. Hence, the treatment did not cause a stretch-inhibition of water channels and was independent of the directions of both pressure changes and water flows induced by them. It is concluded that inhibition is caused by the absolute value of intensities of water flow within the channels, which increased in proportion to the size of step changes in pressure. Probable mechanisms by which the mechanical stimuli are perceived are (i) the input of kinetic energy to the channel constriction (NPA motif of aquaporin) which may cause a conformational change of the channel protein (energy-input model) or (ii) the creation of tensions at the constriction analogous to Bernoulli's principle for macroscopic pores (cohesion-tension model). Estimated rates of water flow within the pores were a few hundred micro m s-1, which is too small to create sufficient tension. They were much smaller than those proposed for AQP1. Based on literature data of single-channel permeability of AQP1, a per channel energy input of 200 kBxT (kB=Boltzmann constant) was estimated for the energy-input model. This should be sufficient to initiate changes of protein conformation and an inactivation of channels. The data indicate different closed states which differ in the amount of distortion and the rates at which they relax back to the open state.
Temperature controlled Ru and RuO2 growth via O* radical-enhanced atomic layer deposition with Ru(EtCp)2 (2019)

This work demonstrates by in vacuo X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction that Ru(EtCp)<sub>2</sub> and O<sup>*</sup> radical-enhanced atomic layer deposition, where EtCp means the ethylcyclopentadienyl group, provides the growth of either RuO<sub>2</sub> or Ru thin films depending on the deposition temperature (T<sub>dep</sub>), while different mechanisms are responsible for the growth of RuO<sub>2</sub> and Ru. The thin films deposited at temperatures ranging from 200 to 260 °C consisted of polycrystalline rutile RuO<sub>2</sub> phase revealing, according to atomic force microscopy and the four-point probe method, a low roughness (∼1.7 nm at 15 nm film thickness) and a resistivity of ≈83 µΩ cm. This low-temperature RuO<sub>2</sub> growth was based on Ru(EtCp)<sub>2</sub> adsorption, subsequent ligand removal, and Ru oxidation by active oxygen. The clear saturative behavior with regard to the precursor and reactant doses and each purge time, as well as the good step coverage of the film growth onto 3D structures, inherent to genuine surface-controlled atomic layer deposition, were confirmed for the lowest T<sub>dep</sub> of 200 °C. However, at T<sub>dep</sub> = 260 °C, a competition between film growth and etching was found, resulted in not-saturative growth. At higher deposition temperatures (300-340 °C), the growth of metallic Ru thin films with a resistivity down to ≈12 µΩ cm was demonstrated, where the film growth was proved to follow a combustion mechanism known for molecular oxygen-based Ru growth processes. However, this process lacked the truly saturative growth with regard to the precursor and reactant doses due to the etching predominance.
Creating Time-Optimal Commands with Practical Constraints (1999)

In applications that demand rapid response, time-optimal control techniques are often enlisted. Recently, a new technique has been presented for deriving time-optimal command proe les by solving a set of algebraic constraint equations. This time-optimal solution framework is shown to be easily extendable to derive commands satisfying a variety of practical constraints, particularly constraints on command length and sensitivity to modeling errors.
VHDL - The Language (1986)

The VHSIC hardware description language (or VHDL) provides a standard textual means of description for hardware components at abstraction levels ranging from the logic gate level to the digital system level. It provides precise syntax and semantics for these hardware components, enabling design transfer both within and among organizations. The language is designed to be efficiently simulated and natural for hardware designers. In addition, it allows designers to represent information outside the primary range of language coverage, although the initial toolset does not support simulation at those levels (switch level, for example). Finally, by not restricting designers to a particular hardware technology or design style, the language permits wide industrial usage.
Kinetic analysis of microbe opsonification based on stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocyte oxygenation activity (1984)

With Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the target microbes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) as effector phagocytes, the microbe-specific, immunoglobulin G (IgG)-dependent opsonic capacities of preimmune and immune sera were measured as the rate of stimulated PMNL dioxygenation of luminol yielding chemiluminescence (CL). When the reactants other than opsonin are present in concentrations that are not rate limiting, the information-effector relationship linking specific opsonin concentration to effector PMNL stimulation is described by the rate equation: L' = k'[IgG]i, where L' is the peak CL velocity (photons per minute), k' is the proportionality constant, [IgG] is the concentration of specific opsonin, and the exponent i is the order of the reaction with respect to opsonin. Since the specific opsonins were polyclonal IgG of unknown absolute serum concentration, the reciprocal rate expression, L' = k'D-i, was employed for data presentation; D is the serum dilution (final volume/initial serum volume), and the sign of i is changed to negative. The relationships of integral, first-derivative, and second-derivative expressions of the CL response to opsonin concentration are illustrated with experimentally obtained data. Based on peak CL velocity or peak CL acceleration measurements taken over different time intervals of testing, the estimated order with respect to opsonin is highest, and probably most accurate, using the shortest test interval allowing reasonably good precision of measurement. As an alternative temporal approach, microbe opsonification kinetics are analyzed based on nodal time (Tn) measurements. The Tn is the time point separating the acceleration and deceleration phases of the PMNL oxygenation response to stimulation and as such satisfies the criterion of a selected condition of PMNL activation.
Cylindrical Korteweg–de Vries solitons on a ferrofluid surface (2006)

Linear and non-linear surface waves on a ferrofluid cylinder surrounding a current-carrying wire are investigated. Suppressing the Rayleigh-Plateau instability of the fluid column by the magnetic field of a sufficiently large current in the wire axis-symmetric surface deformations are shown to propagate without dispersion in the long wavelength limit. Using multiple scale perturbation theory the weakly non-linear regime may be described by a Korteweg-de Vries equation with coefficients depending on the magnetic field strength. For different values for the current in the wire hence different solutions such as hump or hole solitons may be generated. The possibility to observe these structures in experiments is also elucidated.
Standing wave Spectrometer (2010)

A standing wave Fourier transform spectrometer is realized. The spectrometer consists of an ultra thin and partially transparent photodetector and a tunable mirror. The incident light forms a standing wave in front of the mirror, which is sampled by the ultra thin optical detector. The thickness of the photodetector is significantly smaller than the wavelength of the incident light. The spectral information of the incident light is determined by the Fourier transform of the detector signal. The linear arrangement of the optical detector and the mirror enables the realization of spectrometer arrays and optical cameras with high spectral resolution. For the first time a complete optical model of the standing wave spectrometer is presented and compared with experimental results. The influence of the design of the optical detector on the performance of the spectrometer is discussed.
Biochemical analysis of HLA-DP gene products by isoelectric focusing and comparison with cellular and molecular genetic typing results. (1995)

The polymorphism of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 genes of 39 lymphoblastoid cell lines, representing 3 DPA1 and 14 DPB1 alleles, was studied after immunoprecipitation of DP molecules, subsequent isoelectric focusing (1D-IEF) and immunoblotting by a polyclonal DP antibody. Two 1D-IEF variants for DPA1 and 7 for DPB1 gene products were identified, including 2 new variants associated with the DPB1*1401 and DPB1*1901 alleles. The 1D-IEF polymorphism correlated clearly with molecular-genetic-defined alleles and primed lymphocyte or T cell line (PLT) specificities with exceptions observed in DUCAF (DPB1*0202) and ARBO (DPB1*0101). Both exceptional cases may reflect amino acid variations outside the hypervariable regions (HVRs) at the second exon of DPB1. The findings were supported by a comparison of HVR amino acid sequences with estimated net charges to the isoelectric points of the DPB1 molecules. 1D-IEF seems to be a valuable method for studying the expression of DPA1 and DPB1 alleles provided the molecules differ in their isoelectric points.
Structure of Cyl-2, a Novel Cyclotetrapeptide from Cylindrocladium scoparium (1973)

Structure of Cyl-2, a Novel Cyclotetrapeptide from Cylindrocladium scoparium Get access Akira Hirota, Akira Hirota Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Blinkyo-kll, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akinori Suzuki, Akinori Suzuki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Blinkyo-kll, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuyuki Aizawa, Kazuyuki Aizawa Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Blinkyo-kll, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Saburo Tamura Saburo Tamura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Blinkyo-kll, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 37, Issue 4, 1 April 1973, Pages 955–956, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1973.10860775 Published: 01 April 1973 Article history Received: 31 January 1973 Published: 01 April 1973
Dose‐dependent effect and side‐effect of prostaglandin E1 in erectile dysfunction. (1989)

1. Recent work has demonstrated artificial penile erection after intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). A possible dose-response relationship between PGE1 and its erectile action was examined in a double-blind, cross-over designed, placebo-controlled study. 2. Twenty patients aged (mean +/- s.d.) 45 +/- 10.5 years suffering from psychogenic erectile dysfunction were tested on four occasions. Subjects received four intracavernous injections of saline containing either no other substance, preservative, 5 micrograms or 10 micrograms PGE1. 3. Investigations revealed clear dose-dependency of PGE1 in the grade and duration of erection achieved as well as in the latency between injection and achievement of erection (P less than 0.001). Saline and preservative did not induce erection. 4. Some local pain of varying grades did occur in 11/20 patients after 5 micrograms PGE1 and in 14/20 patients after 10 micrograms PGE1 injected intracavernously. This side-effect was caused by PGE1 itself and also showed a clear dose-relation (P = 0.0035). 5. Prostaglandin E1 appears to be a promising substance for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in erectile dysfunction. Despite the discomfort observed in some patients, PGE1 is very effective even in low doses. PGE1 10 micrograms is suggested as the appropriate initial diagnostic dose for intracavernous injection to differentiate between the normal and pathological cavernous-vascular system.
Evaluation of Three Glycoprotein G2-Based Enzyme Immunoassays for Detection of Antibodies to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Human Sera (1999)

Three new glycoprotein G-based enzyme immunoassays (ETI-HSVK-G 2, Sorin Diagnostics Biomedica [assay A]; HSV Type 2 Specific IgG ELISA, Gull Laboratories, Inc. [assay B]; Cobas Core HSV-2 IgG EIA, Roche [assay C]) for the detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 (HSV-2)-specific antibodies were evaluated. By testing sera from 25 individuals with culture-proven HSV-2 infection, the assays showed a sensitivity of 96%. The specificities, evaluated with sera from 70 HSV antibody-negative children, 75 HSV antibody-positive children, and 69 HSV antibody-negative adults, were 100% for assay A, 96.2% for assay B, and 97.8% for assay C, respectively. Discrepant results by any of the three assays, i.e., reactivity of a specimen in only one or two assays, occurred with similar frequencies for HSV-seronegative individuals as well as HSV-seropositive children and adults. For sera with discrepant results, the positive reactivity was mostly low. Thus, for determination of the prevalence of HSV-2 antibodies, only concordantly positive results were considered. On the basis of the results obtained with sera from 41 adults with culture-proven HSV-1 infection and from 173 HSV-antibody-positive pregnant women, the HSV-2 seroprevalence was 9. 8%. The results show that the new glycoprotein G2-based enzyme immunoassays are useful tools for the detection of type-specific HSV-2 antibodies. However, if only one assay is performed, careful interpretation of the results is indicated, especially if the exhibited reactivity is low, and for determination of the definitive HSV-2 serostatus, confirmatory assays may still be necessary.
The <i>Bombyx</i> ovary-derived cell line endogenously expresses PIWI/PIWI-interacting RNA complexes (2009)

Genetic studies and large-scale sequencing experiments have revealed that the PIWI subfamily proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play an important role in germ line development and transposon control. Biochemical studies in vitro have greatly contributed to the understanding of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways. However, in vitro analyses of the piRNA pathway have been thus far quite challenging, because their expression is largely restricted to the germ line. Here we report that Bombyx mori ovary-derived cultured cell line, BmN4, endogenously expresses two PIWI subfamily proteins, silkworm Piwi (Siwi) and Ago3 (BmAgo3), and piRNAs associated with them. Siwi-bound piRNAs have a strong bias for uridine at their 5' end and BmAgo3-bound piRNAs are enriched for adenine at position 10. In addition, Siwi preferentially binds antisense piRNAs, whereas BmAgo3 binds sense piRNAs. Moreover, we identified many pairs in which Siwi-bound antisense and BmAgo3-bound sense piRNAs are overlapped by precisely 10 nt at their 5' ends. These signatures are known to be important for secondary piRNA biogenesis in other organisms. Taken together, BmN4 is a unique cell line in which both primary and secondary steps of piRNA biogenesis pathways are active. This cell line would provide useful tools for analysis of piRNA biogenesis and function.
The History and Physiological Action of the Gibberellins (1957)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
Prediction, Monitoring, and Control of Ammonium Chloride Corrosion in Refining Processes (2010)

Abstract Corrosion by wet ammonium chloride salt is a significant concern in many refining process units. Because corrosion rates typically experienced can be extremely high when all of the conducive conditions are met, every attempt is made to prevent this corrosion from occurring. This includes process design, corrosion resistant materials, and source control of chlorides. However, despite the best effort by the industry, ammonium chloride continues to pose a serious threat to the integrity of refining equipment and the process safety of refineries because the omnipresence of chlorides in a refinery. This paper presents a recent effort to further minimize this threat. It includes advances in the fundamental understanding of ammonium chloride salt behavior, predictive modeling effort based upon such fundamentals, the integration of such models with process and operating conditions in real-time, and guidance for inspection in search of this highly elusive corrosion phenomenon.