gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Re-Compression on the Properties of Tablets Prepared by Moist Granulation (1983)

The effect of re-compression on the properties of tablets prepared by moist granulation using various binding agents was examined. The results show that re-working by dry granulation and re-compression (i.e. a slugging process) caused a reduction in tablet strength, which was related to the initial compaction pressure. This loss of compressibility was attributed to work hardening of granules during the compaction process. However, when compacts were milled, re-wetted and then re-compressed, the tablets produced were of similar strength to those obtained on initial compaction. Re-wetting reversed the effect of work hardening by reactivating the binder to produce granules more porous than those obtained by dry granulation.This paper is based on a presentation made to the 31st National meeting of the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, American Pharmaceutical Association, held at Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. on November 15-19th, 1981.
Real-Depth imaging: a new 3D imaging technology with inexpensive direct-view (no glasses) video and other applications (1997)

Floating Images, Inc. has developed the software and hardware for a new, patent pending, 'floating 3-D, off-the-screen- experience' display technology. This technology has the potential to become the next standard for home and arcade video games, computers, corporate presentations, Internet/Intranet viewing, and television. Current '3-D graphics' technologies are actually flat on screen. Floating Images<SUP>TM</SUP> technology actually produce images at different depths from any display, such as CRT and LCD, for television, computer, projection, and other formats. In addition, unlike stereoscopic 3-D imaging, no glasses, headgear, or other viewing aids are used. And, unlike current autostereoscopic imaging technologies, there is virtually no restriction on where viewers can sit to view the images, with no 'bad' or 'dead' zones, flipping, or pseudoscopy. In addition to providing traditional depth cues such as perspective and background image occlusion, the new technology also provides both horizontal and vertical binocular parallax (the ability to look around foreground objects to see previously hidden background objects, with each eye seeing a different view at all times) and accommodation (the need to re-focus one's eyes when shifting attention from a near object to a distant object) which coincides with convergence (the need to re-aim one's eyes when shifting attention from a near object to a distant object). Since accommodation coincides with convergence, viewing these images doesn't produce headaches, fatigue, or eye-strain, regardless of how long they are viewed (unlike stereoscopic and autostereoscopic displays). The imagery (video or computer generated) must either be formatted for the Floating Images<SUP>TM</SUP> platform when written or existing software can be re-formatted without much difficulty.
Athermal, lightweight, diode-pumped, 1-micron transmitter (2005)

Design and projected performance of a lightweight, 1064 nm, laser transmitter is described. A 40 mJ, diode side-pumped Nd:YAG zig-zag slab oscillator is configured to operate on either of two Nd:YAG absorption bands (795 nm or 807 nm) to provide stable operation over a 100°C temperature range, using minimal power for diode wavelength stabilization.
Stereophonic Rendering of Source Distance Using DWM-FDN Artificial Reverberators (2010)

Artificial reverberators are used in audio recording and production to enhance the perception of spaciousness. It is well known that reverberation is a key factor in the perception of the distance of a sound source. The ratio of direct and reverberant energies is one of the most important distance cues. A stereophonic artificial reverberator is proposed that allows panning the perceived distance of a sound source. The proposed reverberator is based on feedback delay network (FDN) reverberators and uses a perceptual model of direct-to-reverberant (D/R) energy ratio to pan the source distance. The equivalence of FDNs and digital waveguide mesh (DWM) scattering matrices is exploited in order to devise a reverberator relevant in the room acoustics context.
Resource Allocation for Energy Harvesting-Powered D2D Communication Underlaying UAV-Assisted Networks (2017)

In this paper, we investigate the resource allocation problem for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted networks, where a UAV acting as an energy source provides radio frequency energy for multiple energy harvesting-powered device-to-device (D2D) pairs with much information to be transmitted. The goal is to maximize the average throughput within a time horizon while satisfying the energy causality constraint under a generalized harvest-transmit-store model, which results in a non-convex problem. By introducing the Lagrangian relaxation method, we analytically show that the behavior of all D2D pairs at each time slot is exclusive: harvesting energy or transmitting information signals. The formulated non-convex optimization problem is thus transformed into a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINIP). We then design an efficient resource allocation algorithm to solve this MINIP, where D.C. (difference of two convex functions) programming and golden section method are combined to achieve a suboptimal solution. Furthermore, we provide an idea to reduce the computational complexity for facilitating the application in practice. Simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and evaluate the system throughput performance.
Revision of the Short Duration Intensity-Frequency-Duration (IFD) Design Rainfall Estimates for Australia (2011)

The current Intensity-Frequency-Duration (IFD) estimates were developed by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology 20 years ago using information from the Bureau's network of rainfall stations, adopting statistical techniques considered appropriate at the time and with a focus on the longer duration IFDs. The Bureau is currently revising the IFD estimates with considerable emphasis being placed on the derivation of IFD estimates for sub-daily durations. Firstly, the Bureau's network of pluviograph stations has been significantly augmented by data from the networks operated by large urban water utilities. Secondly, the revision is adopting more statistically rigorous techniques including the use of partial duration series analysis for the estimation of IFDs with Average Recurrence Intervals more frequent than ten years and the adoption of a Generalised Least Squares Regression approach for deriving sub-daily rainfall statistics from daily read data. This paper will present the work being undertaken in revising the short duration IFD estimates.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Drusen Size and Drusen Area in Eyes With Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2011)

The number of large drusen does not correlate better with total drusen area than drusen of other sizes. The number of large drusen is not necessarily a good surrogate for total drusen area.
The relationship between tapped delay-line and FFT processing in adaptive arrays (1988)

The use of fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing behind the elements in adaptive arrays is often considered as a means of improving the nulling bandwidth of such arrays. However, it is shown that the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio obtained from an adaptive array with FFTs behind the elements is identical to that of an equivalent adaptive array with tapped delay-line processing. The equivalent tapped delay-line array has the same number of taps in each delay line as the number of time samples in the FFTs, and has a delay between taps equal to the delay between samples in the FFTs. Thus, while the bandwidth performance of an adaptive array can be improved by using time-delayed samples of each element signal, no further improvement results from taking FFTs of these sampled signals. The same bandwidth performance is obtained by simply weighting and combining the time-domain samples directly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fusion mass-splices for optical fibers using high-frequency discharge (1984)

This report describes a high-frequency discharge massheating technique and a fiber aligning mechanism for fusion mass-splicing of silica fibers, and a reinforcement technique for the spliced fibers. Splice loss, operation time, and loss stability of reinforced mass-splices were evaluated by using fiber ribbon units comprising five graded-index fibers with 50-μm core and 125-μm outer diameters. They proved the excellence of the method.
Acquisition of Locomotive Services under a Ready Power Contract (1993)

This paper describes the scope of the Ready Power contract, a new multi-million dollar locomotive services contract entered into between Freight Rail, a business group of the SRA of NSW, and Clyde Engineering for the design and supply of locomotives and their on-going maintenance for 15 years. The locomotives will be maintained by the contractor in a modern designed and equipped maintenance facility at Kooragang Island, Newcastle. Maintenance practices will be based upon world best standards of productivity and quality.
TD-SCDMA/TD-LTE evolution &#x2014; Go Green (2010)

Currently mobile operators have imposed crucial requirements on energy efficiency for their networks. The challenges faced by network operators are first introduced. Then this paper presents energy saving solutions currently adopted in TD-SCDMA system, such as BBU pool+ RRU, energy saving scheme in BS. Finally the paper provides a brief description of possible solutions currently discussed in 3GPP for LTE.
Surface Defects on Natural MoS<sub>2</sub> (2015)

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are being considered for a variety of electronic and optoelectronic devices such as beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) switches, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, as well as sensors, among others. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is the most studied of the TMDs in part because of its availability in the natural or geological form. The performance of most devices is strongly affected by the intrinsic defects in geological MoS2. Indeed, most sources of current transition metal dichalcogenides have defects, including many impurities. The variability in the electrical properties of MoS2 across the surface of the same crystal has been shown to be correlated with local variations in stoichiometry as well as metallic-like and structural defects. The presence of impurities has also been suggested to play a role in determining the Fermi level in MoS2. The main focus of this work is to highlight a number of intrinsic defects detected on natural, exfoliated MoS2 crystals from two different sources that have been often used in previous reports for device fabrication. We employed room temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study the pristine surface of MoS2(0001) immediately after exfoliation. ICPMS used to measure the concentration of impurity elements can in part explain the local contrast behavior observed in STM images. This work highlights that the high concentration of surface defects and impurity atoms may explain the variability observed in the electrical and physical characteristics of MoS2.
Direct Observation at Nanoscale of Resistance Switching in NiO Layers by Conductive-Atomic Force Microscopy (2011)

International audience
Intersubband transitions for differently shaped quantum wells under an applied electric field (1992)

Calculations were made to compare the Stark shifts of electron intersubband transitions in Al0.4Ga0.6As/AlxGa1−xAs quantum wells. Several differently shaped quantum wells, having the same subband spacing between the ground and first excited states, E21=124 meV (=10 μm) under zero bias, were considered. The asymmetric steplike wells showed larger intersubband Stark shifts and a relatively high oscillator strength as well as a small linewidth broadening. A linear intersubband Stark shift of ±10 meV for ±100 kV/cm with a moderate change of the oscillator strength was found for an asymmetric well with its potential shape intermediate between a square and an asymmetric triangular one.
An appraisal of the World Bank role in the development of education in Pakistan with a focus on higher education (2012)

The World Bank, like many other non-governmental organisations, is engaged in the developing countries with an objective to bring social and economic development. In Pakistan, the World Bank (WB) appeared on the horizon soon after the independence of the country in 1947. Hitherto, for the development of different sectors including education, WB has lent billions of dollars and launched hundreds of projects in Pakistan. This research has been conducted to have an in-depth look into the role played by the WB in the development and progress of education sector from 1964 to 2009. In this study, a special focus has been given to the higher education. The author has evaluated the volume of the WB lending, nature of the projects, the shares for the sub-sectors of education, changes and trends in the investment in education sector. An attempt also has been made to evaluate the possible impact of the WB loans and projects on the education sector in general and higher education sub-sector in particular. The WB investments in education sector have also been compared with other sectors to have a broader picture. For new readers and those who are interested in education statistics a detailed county profile, on the basis of most recent data, has also been presented and discussed in this article. This practical information on the country profile can be very helpful in establishing a better understanding of the present scenario, condition and status of education in Pakistan. Moreover it will help to understand the need and significance of national and international organisations for education. Keywords : The World Bank, education, higher education, projects, lending, investment, development, impact
Metal organic frameworks derived single atom catalysts for electrocatalytic energy conversion (2019)

The development of efficient and cost-effective catalysts to catalyze a wide variety of electrochemical reactions is key to realize the large-scale application of renewable and clean energy technologies. Owing to the maximum atom-utilization efficiency and unique electronic and geometric structures, single atom catalysts (SACs) have exhibited superior performance in various catalytic systems. Recently, assembled from the functionalized organic linkers and metal nodes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with ultrafine porosity have received tremendous attention as precursors or self-sacrificing templates for preparing porous SACs. Here, the recent advances toward the synthesis strategies for using MOF precursors/templates to construct SACs are systematically summarized with special emphasis on the types of central metal sites. The electrochemical applications of these recently emerged MOF-derived SACs for various energy-conversion processes, such as oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), are also discussed and reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects regarding the development of MOF-derived SACs are proposed.
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) pathogenesis (2012)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 is a human pathogen responsible for outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) worldwide. Conventional antimicrobials trigger an SOS response in EHEC that promotes the release of the potent Shiga toxin that is responsible for much of the morbidity and mortality associated with EHEC infection. Cattle are a natural reservoir of EHEC, and approximately 75% of EHEC outbreaks are linked to the consumption of contaminated bovine-derived products. This review will discuss how EHEC causes disease in humans but is asymptomatic in adult ruminants. It will also analyze factors utilized by EHEC as it travels through the bovine gastrointestinal (GI) tract that allow for its survival through the acidic environment of the distal stomachs, and for its ultimate colonization in the recto-anal junction (RAJ). Understanding the factors crucial for EHEC survival and colonization in cattle will aid in the development of alternative strategies to prevent EHEC shedding into the environment and consequent human infection.
Regulation of Type I Collagen Gene Expression in Bone (1995)

The regulation of COL1A1 gene expression in bone was studied by measuring the activity of type I collagen promoter fusion genes (ColCAT) in permanently transfected osteoblastic cells and calvariae from transgenic animals. The basal activity of ColCAT fusion genes in transfected cells is mediated by DNA sequences between -3.5 to -2.3 kb while expression in vivo requires sequences between -2.3 and -1.7 kb. Parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and interleukin-1 decrease the activity of ColCAT fusion genes in osteoblastic cells and transgenic calvariae. Because there may be differences between the expression of ColCAT fusion genes in cultured cells and intact bone, it will be important to compare data obtained from transfected cells with an in vivo model such as calvariae from transgenic mice.
Climbing rough vertical surfaces with hierarchical directional adhesion (2009)

Prior research in biology and mechanics has shown the importance of hierarchy to the performance of dry adhesive systems on rough surfaces. The gecko utilizes several levels of hierarchy that operate on length scales from millimeters to 100s of nanometers in order to maneuver on smooth and rough vertical surfaces ranging from glass to rock. The gecko's hierarchical system serves two main purposes: it permits conformation to the surface for a large effective area of contact, and it distributes the load evenly among contacting elements. We present a new two-tiered directional adhesive system that provides these capabilities for a gecko-inspired climbing robot. The distal features consist of wedge-shaped structures with a base width of 50 mum and a height of approximately 180 mum. The wedges are mounted atop angled cylindrical features, 380 mum in diameter by approximately 1 mm long. Together, the proximal and distal features bend preferentially in the direction of inclination when loaded with a tangential force, achieving a combination of directional adhesion and conformation to rough surfaces. Using this system, a four legged robot that was previously restricted to climbing smooth surfaces is able to climb vertical surfaces such as a wood panels, painted metals, and plastics. On rougher surfaces, the two-tiered system improves adhesion by a factor of five compared to the wedge features alone. The hierarchical system also improved alignment and performance for large patch sizes.
DNA Sensor with a Dipyridophenazine Complex of Osmium(II) as an Electrochemical Probe (2002)

Application of a dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (DPPZ)-type metal complex as an DNA electrochemical probe was studied. The introduction of electron-donating groups (NH2) was effective for controlling the redox potential and binding affinities of the DPPZ-type osmium complex. The [Os(DA-bpy)2DPPZ]2+ complex (DA-bpy; 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine) had a lower half-wave potential (E 1/2) of 147 mV (vs Ag/AgCl) and higher binding affinity with DNA (binding constant, K = 3.1 x 10(7) M(-1)) than those of other complexes. With a single-stranded DNA immobilized gold electrode, the hybridization signal (deltaI) of the [Os(DA-bpy)2DPPZ]2+ complex was linear in the concentration range of 1.0 pg mL(-1) - 0.12 microg mL(-1) for the targeted DNA with a regression coefficient of 0.999. The detection limit was 0. 1 pg mL(-1). The 400-bp yAL3 gene was also detected with good sensitivity and selectivity using the [Os(DA-bpy)2DPPZ]2+ complex.
Chemically modified celluloses. XIII. Periodate oxidation of cellulose dyed with reactive and direct dyes in the presence of electrolytes (1979)

Periodate oxidation of cellulose dyed with vinyl sulfone-type reactive dyes at 32°C in the presence of various concentrations of alkaline earth metal chlorides and a cationic dye-fixing agent has been studied. The extent of the oxidation has been assessed in terms of rate constant, time of half reaction, and percent accessibility to periodate ions. Remazol Black B was used in the study. This dye on reduction with sodium hydrosulfite after reaction with the fiber removes the sulfonic acid group containing a portion of the dye, leaving behind a portion reacted with the fiber and not containing a sulfonate group. The study has also been extended to a few direct dyes which, unlike reactive dyes, have been shown not to inhibit the rate of periodate oxidation of cellulose.
Synthesis and Photophysical Characteristics of 2,7-Fluorenevinylene-Based Trimers and Their Electroluminescence (2006)

Three new 2,7-fluorenevinylene-based trimers were synthesized and characterized. The synthesis was carried out by the Heck coupling reaction of 9,9-dihexyl-2,7-divinylfluorene with 2-(4-bromophenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, N,N-diphenyl-4-bromoaniline, or 3-bromopyrene to afford the trimers OXD, TPA, and PYR, respectively. All the trimers were readily soluble in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform, and toluene. Their glass transition temperatures ranged from 33 to 60 degrees C. The UV-vis spectra showed an absorption maximum at lambda(a,max) = 379-417 nm with optical band gap of Eg = 2.47-2.66 eV. In solution, they emitted strong blue-green photoluminescence (PL) with PL maximum at lambda(f,max) = 455-565 nm and fluorescence quantum yield of Phi(f) = 0.65-0.74. On the other hand, in their spin-coated films, the PL efficiencies significantly decreased due to the presence of concentration quenching. All samples showed nanosecond transient lifetime containing two components, suggesting excimer formation. The organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with OXD and TPA showed green emission with electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiencies of eta(EL) approximately 10(-2)%, while very weak EL efficiency of eta(EL) approximately 10(-5)% was observed with PYR. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of the films were found to be 5.05-5.75 eV.