gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computational gibberellin‐binding channel discovery unraveling the unexpected perception mechanism of hormone signal by gibberellin receptor (2013)

Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones essential for many developmental processes in plants. In this work, fundamental mechanism of hormone perception by receptor GID1 has been studied by performing computational simulations, revealing a new GA-binding channel of GID1 and a novel hormone perception mechanism involving only one conformational state of GID1. The novel hormone perception mechanism demonstrated here is remarkably different from the previously proposed/speculated mechanism [Murase et al., Nature 2008, 456, 459] involving two conformational states ("OPEN" and "CLOSED") of GID1. According to the new perception mechanism, GA acts as a "conformational stabilizer," rather than the previously speculated "allosteric inducer," to induce the recognition of protein DELLA by GID1. The novel mechanistic insights obtained in this study provide a new starting point for further studies on the detailed molecular mechanisms of GID1 interacting with DELLA and various hormones and for mechanism-based rational design of novel, potent growth regulators that target crops and ornamental plants.
A Theory of the Fluid-Dynamic Mechanism of Regenerative Pumps (1955)

Abstract A hypothesis of operation of the regenerative pump is presented which reflects the experimentally observed characteristics of the flow inside the pump. An analysis based on the hypothesis leads to a series of expressions for pump performance over the entire operating range in terms of only three empirical constants. The relationship of these parameters to the prior art of hydrodynamic machinery and to those geometric features peculiar to regenerative pumps is developed. Experimental corroborations of the results are presented.
High content screening (2005)

Abstract High Content Screening (HCS) has emerged as a powerful platform technology that is being used to “industrialize” cell biology; especially in academic research and drug discovery. Information on the distribution, in time and space, as well as the activity of cellular constituents is helping to define the functions of proteins and other critical cellular components. The ability of these methods to be automated and run at high throughput will revolutionize the analysis of protein function using cell biology.
A novel method for acquiring large-scale automated scanning electron microscope data (2011)

Recent software and hardware advances in the field of electron backscatter diffraction have led to an increase in the rate of data acquisition. Combining automated stage movements with conventional beam control have allowed researchers to collect data from significantly larger areas of samples than was previously possible. This paper describes a LabVIEW™ and AutoIT(©) code which allows for increased flexibility compared to commercially available software. The source code for this software has been made available in the online version of this paper.
Quinazolines and 1,4‐benzodiazepines. LXXXVII. Synthesis of 1‐ and 3‐phenylimidazo[1,5‐a] [1,4]benzodiazepines (1978)

Abstract The synthesis of the 1‐phenylimidazobenzodiazepine 5 from 1 and the anion of the nitrone 2 is described. The 3‐phenyl‐derivative 14 was prepared via the ammo alcohol 11 which was obtained by condensation of the nitrosamine 9 with benzaldehyde followed by catalytic hydro‐genolysis of the nitroso group.
Modeling and Simulation: A Comprehensive and Integrative View (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Simulation: Several Perspectives Model-Based Activities Synergies of M&S: Mutual and Higher-Order Contributions Advancement of M&S Preeminence of M&S Summary and Conclusions References
Room-Temperature Regioselective C−H/Olefin Coupling of Aromatic Ketones Using an Activated Ruthenium Catalyst with a Carbonyl Ligand and Structural Elucidation of Key Intermediates (2010)

Mechanistic studies of the ruthenium-catalyzed reaction of aromatic ketones with olefins are presented. Treatment of the original catalyst, RuH(2)(CO)(PPh(3))(3), with trimethylvinylsilane at 90 °C for 1-1.5 h afforded an activated ruthenium catalyst, Ru(o-C(6)H(4)PPh(2))(H)(CO)(PPh(3))(2), as a mixture of four geometric isomers. The activated complex showed high catalytic activity for C-H/olefin coupling, and the reaction of 2'-methylacetophenone with trimethylvinylsilane at room temperature for 48 h gave the corresponding ortho-alkylation product in 99% isolated yield. The activated catalyst was thermally robust and showed excellent catalytic activity under refluxing toluene conditions. (1)H and (31)P NMR studies of the C-H/olefin coupling at room temperature suggested that an ortho-ruthenated complex, P,P'-cis-C,H-cis-Ru(2'-(6'-MeC(6)H(4)C(O)Me))(H)(CO)(PPh(3))(2), participated in the reaction as a key intermediate. Isotope labeling studies using acetophenone-d(5) indicated that the rate-limiting step was the C-C bond formation, not the C-H bond cleavage, and that each step prior to the reductive elimination was reversible. The rate of C-H/olefin coupling was found to exhibit pseudo first-order kinetics and to show first-order dependence on the ruthenium complex concentration.
Automation of residential electricity cut off using network based embedded controller (2012)

At the present time, along with the development of the Internet, automation becomes a very interesting theme to debate. This paper discusses the development of automation system for residential electricity cut off using network based embedded controller. Nowadays, various type of device for home residential electricity works dependently on human to control signals to reset the state of input. Based on this situation, it becomes an extrinsic motivation to develop an automated system for residential electricity device. The system consists of an embedded device to control power supply main switch and update the data into data centre. The users able to view updated power consumption as well as billing information in the provider web services. Cut-off warning message is send to users via email and short message services. The system helps the electricity provider to reduce the operation cost as the system could cut off electricity automatically when the usage limit is exceeded.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfated Zirconia and Iron‐ and Manganese‐Promoted Sulfated Zirconia: Do They Protonate Alkanes? (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical turbulence and spectral condensate in long-fiber lasers (2009)

We study optical wave turbulence using as a particular example recently created ultralong-fiber laser. We show that the sign of the cavity dispersion has a critical impact on the spectral and temporal properties of generated radiation that are directly relevant to the fiber laser performance. For a normal dispersion, we observe an intermediate state with an extremely narrow spectrum (condensate), which experiences an instability and a sharp transition to a strongly fluctuating regime with a wide spectrum and increased probability of spontaneous generation of large-amplitude pulses.
A Comparative Study of Web Services-based Event Notification Specifications (2006)

Web services-based event notification is an emerging technology that combines the asynchronous communication feature of event notification mechanisms and the interoperability feature of Web services technologies. Web services-based event notification systems are important components for service-oriented grid computing. WS-eventing and WS-notification are two major competing specifications for these systems. This paper is a comparative study of these specifications. The focuses of this research are on identifying the similarities and differences between these two specifications and identifying their evolutionary path from previous specifications. We found that competing Web services specifications take ideas and concepts from each other during the development progress, which is good for the maturity of the Web services-based event notification technology. We also identified several major changes from previous event notification systems to Web services-based event notification systems. In the end, we presented our WS-messenger project that supports both WS-eventing and WS-notification specifications and provides mediation between them
Health timeline: an insight-based study of a timeline visualization of clinical data (2019)

The increasing complexity and volume of clinical data poses a challenge in the decision-making process. Data visualizations can assist in this process by speeding up the time required to analyze and understand clinical data. Even though empirical experiments show that visualizations facilitate clinical data understanding, a consistent method to assess their effectiveness is still missing. The insight-based methodology determines the quality of insights a user acquires from the visualization. Insights receive a value from one to five points based on a domain-specific criteria. Five professional psychiatrists took part in the study using real de-identified clinical data spanning 4 years of medical history. A total of 50 assessments were transcribed and analyzed. Comparing a total of 558 insights using Health Timeline and 576 without, the mean value using the Timeline (1.7) was higher than without (1.26; p<0.01), similarly the cumulative value with the Timeline (11.87) was higher than without (10.96: p<0.01). The average time required to formulate the first insight with the Timeline was higher (13.16 s) than without (7 s; p<0.01). Seven insights achieved the highest possible value using Health Timeline while none were obtained without it. The Health Timeline effectively improved understanding of clinical data and helped participants recognize complex patterns from the data. By applying the insight-based methodology, the effectiveness of the Health Timeline was quantified, documented and demonstrated. As an outcome of this exercise, we propose the use of such methodologies to measure the effectiveness of visualizations that assist the clinical decision-making process.
Performance of a hybrid routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2002)

Mobile ad hoc networks are characterized by multi-hop wireless links, absence of any fixed networking infrastructure, and a dynamic network topology. Routing protocols for such networks typically use exchanges of control packets, either at fixed intervals of time or in response to a requirement to adapt to the changing network topology. Balancing the optimality of the routes used in an ad hoc network as well as the overhead incurred from transmissions of routing packets is a challenging task. We propose a hybrid routing scheme that combines proactive route optimization with a reactive routing protocol, for reducing the average end-to-end delay in packet transmissions without exceeding the routing overhead. The proposed scheme uses a pre-emptive route discovery to replace an existing route by a shorter route when the route has been used for a given interval of time. The optimum time for making the pre-emptive search is obtained by studying the statistical distributions of the link and route lifetimes. The preemptive search is restricted within a limited distance from the old route by using a query-localization method. Performance evaluations of the proposed hybrid scheme in comparison with a purely on-demand routing protocol are presented.
Quantitative Assessment of Field Uniformity for Gamma Cameras (1976)

Objective criteria for judging the uniformity of field floods are developed and the effects of the energy window and scatter material on uniformity are examined. There is a highly significant correlation (p = 0.99) between a 14% difference in average count among adjacent photomultiplier tube regions and observer detection of detuned areas. Similarly, a 10% average count difference is not significantly recognized as a nonuniform area. Results indicate that there is a complex interaction between uniformity, energy window (15-30% symmetrical) and 0-7.6 cm of tissue-equivalent scatter medium interposed between the flood source and the collimator. Quantitation of the flood should be performed to indicate which regions need retuning.
A novel family of potentially mobile DNA elements encoding site‐specific gene‐integration functions: integrons (1989)

A family of novel mobile DNA elements is described, examples of which are found at several independent locations and encode a variety of antibiotic resistance genes. The complete elements consist of two conserved segments separated by a segment of variable length and sequence which includes inserted antibiotic resistance genes. The conserved segment located 3' to the inserted resistance genes was sequenced from Tn21 and R46, and the sequences are identical over a region of 2026 bases, which includes the sulphonamide resistance gene sull, and two further open reading frames of unknown function. The complete sequences of both the 3' and 5' conserved regions of the DNA element have been determined. A 59-base sequence element, found at the junctions of inserted DNA sequences and the conserved 3' segment, is also present at this location in the R46 sequence. A copy of one half of this 59-base element is found at the end of the sull gene, suggesting that sull, though part of the conserved region, was also originally inserted into an ancestral element by site-specific integration. Inverted or direct terminal repeats or short target site duplications, both of which are characteristics of class I and class II transposons, are not found at the outer boundaries of the elements described here. Furthermore, the conserved regions do not encode any proteins related to known transposition proteins, except the DNA integrase encoded by the 5' conserved region which is implicated in the gene insertion process. Mobilization of this element has not been observed experimentally; mobility is implied from the identification of the element in at least four independent locations, in Tn21, R46 (IncN), R388 (IncW) and Tn1696. The definitive features of these novel elements are (i) that they include site-specific integration functions (the integrase and the insertion site); (ii) that they are able to acquire various gene units and act as an expression cassette by supplying the promoter for the inserted genes. As a consequence of acquiring different inserted genes, the element exists in a variety of forms which differ in the number and nature of the inserted genes. This family of elements appears formally distinct from other known mobile DNA elements and we propose the name DNA integration elements, or integrons.
IEEE Power Electronics Society Looks Forward to Big Things [President's Message] (2014)

Presents the President's message for this issue of the publication.
Simulation of particle trajectories in tribo-powder coating (2002)

The modeling of the tribo-powder coating process requires the solution of the electrostatic field problem and the equation for particle motion. Electric field distribution is a function of the space charge density, which is associated with the particle concentration. The particle movement results from the balance of electrical, inertial, air drag and gravitational forces. Therefore, both problems are mutually coupled. In this paper, an iterative algorithm is presented to simulate this problem; the electric field is determined by means of the finite element method, whereas the time-dependent explicit fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to predict the particle trajectories. Both problems are solved iteratively until a self-consistent solution is found. The results of simulation show the effects of different parameters which characterize the process such as the powder particle size, charge/mass ratio, distance to a coating object, powder outflow and assisted air velocity on the shape of the powder jet.
Impact of L-asparaginase on acrylamide content in potato products (2006)

Summary The impact of L-asparaginase on the acrylamide content reduction after high heat treatment in a model system as well as in potato based material was investigated. The application of different amounts of enzyme at two temperatures (20 °C and 37 °C, resp.) were compared in a system simulating the composition of raw potatoes and subsequently in fresh and stored potatoes, respectively, and also in dried potato products. It was found out that the addition of as little as 0.2 units of lyophilized enzyme per 1 g of fresh potato mash resulted in approximately 50% reduction of acrylamide content. A larger amount of enzyme (1 U.g-1) and higher incubation temperature (37 °C) of fresh potato sample with enzyme to still more suppression of acrylamide production (up to 97%) when exposed to the same heat regimen (180 °C, 20 min). In the case of potatoes stored at 4 °C, acrylamide content 4 times higher than in fresh potatoes was observed. The addition of enzyme (2 U.g-1) and the following incubation of the mixture at 37 °C for 30 min led to 70% reduction of acrylamide content. A sufficient mitigation of acrylamide content (90–97%) was achieved also in products prepared from dried potato powder treated by L-asparaginase.
Windows version of the ion trap simulation program ITSIM: a powerful heuristic and predictive tool in ion trap mass spectrometry (1998)

The multi-particle simulation program ITSIM version 4.0 takes advantage of the enhanced performance of the Windows 95 and NT operating systems in areas such as memory management, user friendliness, flexibility of graphics and speed, to investigate the motion of ions in the quadrupole ion trap. New features and capabilities significantly broaden its applicability. The simulation program can provide help in understanding fundamental aspects of ion trap mass spectrometry and both precede experiments and assist in directing their course. It also has didactic value in elucidating and allowing visualization of ion behavior under a variety of experimental conditions. ITSIM 4.0 provides easy access to ion simulations for all users through a dramatically improved user interface. The program uses the improved Euler method to calculate ion trajectories as a numerical solution to the Mathieu differential equation. The Windows version can simultaneously simulate the trajectories of ions with a virtually unlimited number of different mass-to-charge ratios, up to a maximum of 600000 ions, and hence allow realistic mass spectra, ion kinetic energy distributions, phase-of-ejection distributions and other experimentally measurable properties to be simulated. The simulated data are used to obtain mass spectra from mass-selective instability scans and by Fourier transformation of image currents induced by coherently moving ion clouds. Field inhomogeneities arising from exit holes, electrode misalignment, imperfect electrode surfaces or alternative trap geometries can be simulated with the program. Non-zero angle scattering in the hard-sphere collision model allows simulations involving collisional cooling to be performed. Complete instruments, from an ion source through the ion trap mass analyzer to a detector, can be simulated. Some typical applications of the simulation program are presented and discussed. Such features as the mass-selective instability scan mode, mass-range extension via resonant ion ejection, r.f. and d.c. ion isolation and non-destructive detection are shown. Comparisons are made between the simulated and experimental results, for example in mass-selective photodissociation. Fourier transform experiments and a novel six-electrode ion trap mass spectrometer illustrate cases in which simulations precede reduction to practice. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction lens and illumination system for deep-UV aligners (1990)

The optical equipment for DUV-Aligners consisting of an all-quartz lens and an illumination system for a 248 nm narrowband excimer laser has been developed. First the concept of the illumination system is discussed. It was possible to achieve good illumination homogeneity in reticle and pupil planes combined with a reasonable efficiency. Data on illumination intensity and homogeneity is reported. An all-quartz lens which cannot be chromatically corrected has been designed and tested. The 5 : 1 reduction lens has a NA of 0. 42 and can print 0. 5 iim lines and spaces over a field diameter of 21. 2 mm. To obtain diffraction limited resolution a spectral bandwidth of 3 pm is required. Experimental data on optical performance is presented. Changes in environmental conditions can be compensated and do not influence the imaging quality. 1.
Post-stack reverse-time migration using a finite difference method based on triangular grids (2008)

与另外的迁居方法相比，反向时间的移植基于一个精确波浪方程，不是近似，并且在深度领域而非时间领域执行推测。它由强壮的表面下的结构复杂性和水平速度变化高度精确、不影响。差别方法基于三角形的格子维持差别方法的简洁和有限元素方法的精确。它能直接被使用没有静电干扰预处理，向前与复杂最高的表面和移植在模型上当模特儿。我们第一次为栈以后的反向时间的移植基于三角形的格子使用一个有限差别方法。模型数据上的测试证实二个方法的联合能在申请完成近完成式的结果。
Nutrient Sharing between Symbionts (2007)

In this review, we consider the exchange of nutrients between the host plant and the bacterial microsymbiont in nitrogen-fixing legume root nodules. During nodule formation, the host tissues and the bacterial microsymbiont develop in response to each other to form a specialized tissue that maintains
4,8-Dimethylcoumarin Inhibitors of Intestinal Anion Exchanger slc26a3 (Downregulated in Adenoma) for Anti-Absorptive Therapy of Constipation (2019)

The chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A3 (downregulated in adenoma) is expressed mainly in colonic epithelium, where it dehydrates the stool by facilitating the final step of chloride and fluid absorption. SLC26A3 inhibition has predicted efficacy in various types of constipation including that associated with cystic fibrosis. We previously identified, by high-throughput screening, 4,8-dimethylcoumarin inhibitors of murine slc26a3 with IC<sub>50</sub> down to ∼150 nM. Here, we synthesized a focused library of forty-three 4,8-dimethylcoumarin analogues. Structure-activity studies revealed the requirement of 4,8-dimethylcoumarin-3-acetic acid for activity. The most potent inhibitors were produced by replacements at C7, including 3-iodo- (<b>4az</b>) and 3-trifluoromethyl- (<b>4be</b>), with IC<sub>50</sub> of 40 and 25 nM, respectively. Pharmacokinetics in mice showed predicted therapeutic concentrations of <b>4az</b> for >72 h following a single 10 mg/kg oral dose. <b>4az</b> at 10 mg/kg fully normalized stool water content in a loperamide-induced mouse model of constipation. The favorable inhibition potency, selectivity within the SLC26 family, and pharmacological properties of <b>4az</b> support its further preclinical development.
The Meaning of Evidence-Based Treatments for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2016)

This Viewpoint suggests that the assertion that prolonged exposure or cognitive processing therapy should be the dominant evidence-based treatments for war-related PTSD is simplistic and may at times be unhelpful or contraindicated.
‘Carnisel’: An Expert System for Vestibular Diagnosis (1990)

Neuro-otology is the only field of otolaryngology in which diagnoses are mainly deductive. Although many technological advances have indeed occurred, the patient history still remains the most important part of the evaluation of a patient complaining of vertigo and/or dizziness. The use of artificial intelligence methods as an aid for the solution of clinical problems is not new. "Carrusel" is a Prolog build-up expert system dealing with the diagnosis of vestibular disorders that achieves a success rate of 97% when compared to the human experts involved in its design.