gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-ablation-based technique for flexible fabrication of microlenses in polymer materials (2002)

Laser ablation is a versatile technique for fabricating microstructures on polymer surfaces. Due to the nature of the process, the fabrication of the microstruture can take place in a very late stage of the heterogeneous assembly. This makes laser ablation very attractive for fabricating micro-optical components on opto-electronic assemblies in comparison to other fabrication techniques like injection molding and embossing. In this paper we will report on the first experimental results of microlens fabrication with excimer laser ablation techniques. By scanning the polymer surface along multiple circular paths with a circular beam of a pulsed excimer laser, one is able to obtain a lens shape with arbitrary focal distance and diameter. Important issues such as the choice of ablation parameters, the selection of scanning path and the performance of the resulting laser ablated lens will be discussed.
Gelatinization and Solubility Properties of Commercial Oat Starch (1995)

Abstract Gelatinization and solubility characteristics of starch contribute to unique functionality in foods. Corn and oat starch viscoamylographs (35g db) showed peak viscosities of 400 and 390B.U., respectively. Oat starch had a more rapid (89.7 vs 85.6°C) and higher set back (790 vs. 740B.U.) than corn. Data on soluble components of cooled (85°C) starch pastes, as collected and analyzed by high‐performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), suggest that amylopectin plays a significant ( P <0.05) role in oat paste set back; for corn starch, amylose is the dominant factor. Solubilities and apparent molecular weights (MW) of oat starch heated (65‐120°C) under shear and subsequent sonication (0‐40s) in water or 90% methyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were also determined by HPSEC. An intermediate MW fraction was eluted on the HPSEC chromatograms only when oat starch was heated in water (100‐120°C/30min) or DMSO and sonicated, suggesting that this fraction may not be inherent in the native granule. in water, polymer solubility and peak MW increased with temperature (65‐120°C), whereas in DMSO, solubility decreased with heating (65‐100°C), while peak MW remained basically constant. Aqueous (aq) leaching at 75°C solubilized more corn amylose than amylopectin, but amylopectin and amylose co‐leached from oat starch granules. Aq leaching, at 20°C above their DSC peak ends (85 and 95°C for oat and corn, resepctively), showed more amylopectin leached from oat starch granules whereas more amylose was leached from corn starch granules.
Does lying on the right side increase the rate of gastric emptying? (1980)

1. Saline test meals (750 ml., 125 mM‐NaCl) were given by tube into the stomachs of five subjects who were either sitting, lying on the left side, or lying on the right side. The gastric contents were recovered at 10 min. The rate of gastric emptying was assessed from the recovery of the original solution, marked with phenol red. 2. The mean volume of this rapidly emptying test solution recovered after 10 min was 215 ml. from subjects lying on the right side and 431 ml. from subjects lying on the left side (P < 0.005) and 308 ml. from the sitting subjects. 3. Similar studies were made with 750 ml. test meals of a solution of glucose monohydrate (100 g/l.) given to the same subjects in the same positions, but the recoveries of this more slowly emptying solution were made at 20 min. 4. There was no statistically significant difference between the volumes recovered when subjects lay on their left sides (589 ml), when they lay on their right sides (555 ml.), and when they were sitting (564 ml.). 5. These results are consistent with posture influencing gastric emptying provided the given meal does not strongly activate duodenal receptors mediating the slowing of gastric emptying.
NMR-Based Screening of Proteins Containing <sup>13</sup>C-Labeled Methyl Groups (2000)

A method is described for NMR-based screening that involves monitoring the 13C/1H chemical shift changes of a protein selectively labeled with 13C at the methyl groups of valine, leucine, and isoleucine (δ1 only). Using this approach, the sensitivity is increased by nearly 3-fold compared with that of NMR-based screening using 1H/15N chemical shifts. A synthetic route is described for the inexpensive production of the labeled amino acid precursors [3,3‘-13C]-α-ketoisovalerate and [3-13C]-α-ketobutyrate, making the cost of protein preparation comparable to that of uniform 15N labeling. In addition to enhancing the NMR-based screening efforts directed against low molecular weight proteins (MW ≤ 30 kDa), the use of the selective methyl labels in combination with deuterium labeling is advantageous for screening high molecular weight protein targets (MW ≥ 100 kDa).
DSP-Based Control of Sensorless IPMSM Drives for Wide-Speed-Range Operation (2012)

A position sensorless control strategy of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive based on a digital signal processor (DSP) is proposed. To achieve sensorless wide-speed-range operation, a hybrid position estimation strategy combining the high frequency (HF) signal injection method with the electromotive force (EMF)-based method is presented. At low-speed range, an HF voltage signal is injected, and a rotor position observer is designed to improve the robustness to the load disturbance. At middle- and high-speed ranges, a sliding-mode observer based on the extended EMF of IPMSM is designed for sensorless operation. Moreover, during the switch-over area, the two position estimation methods are both enabled for the sensorless control. A software phase-locked loop and a dead-time compensation strategy are adopted to improve the position estimation accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the control strategy with a sensorless IPMSM drive based on a DSP.
<i>Retro-VLC</i> (2015)

The ubiquity of the lighting infrastructure makes the visible light communication (VLC) well suited for mobile and Internet of Things (IoT) applications in the indoor environment. However, existing VLC systems have primarily been focused on one-way communications from the illumination infrastructure to the mobile device. They are power demanding and not applicable for communication in the opposite direction. In this paper, we present RetroVLC, a duplex VLC system that enables a battery-free device to perform bi-directional communications over a shared light carrier across the uplink and downlink. The design features a retro-reflector fabric that backscatters light, an LCD modulator, and several low-power optimization techniques. We have prototyped a working system consisting of a credit card-sized battery-free tag and an illuminating LED reader. Experimental results show that the tag can achieve 10kbps downlink speed and 0.5kbps uplink speed over a distance of 2.4m. We outline several potential applications and limitations of the system.
Characterization of Recombinant Rhamnogalacturonan α-l-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1,4)-α-d-Galactopyranosyluronide Lyase from <i>Aspergillus aculeatus</i>1 (1998)

The four major oligomeric reaction products from saponified modified hairy regions (MHR-S) from apple, produced by recombinant rhamnogalacturonan (RG) alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1, 4)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyluronide lyase (rRG-lyase) from Aspergillus aculeatus, were isolated and characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They contain an alternating RG backbone with a degree of polymerization of 4, 6, 8, and 10 and with an alpha-Delta-(4,5)-unsaturated D-galactopyranosyluronic acid at the nonreducing end and an L-rhamnopyranose at the reducing end. L-Rhamnopyranose units are substituted at C-4 with beta-galactose. The maximum reaction rate of rRG-lyase toward MHR-S at pH 6.0 and 31 degreesC was 28 units mg-1. rRG-lyase and RG-hydrolase cleave the same alternating RG I subunit in MHR. Both of these enzymes fragment MHR by a multiple attack mechanism. The catalytic efficiency of rRG-lyase for MHR increases with decreasing degree of acetylation. Removal of arabinose side chains improves the action of rRG-lyase toward MHR-S. In contrast, removal of galactose side chains decreased the catalytic efficiency of rRG-lyase. Native RG-lyase was purified from A. aculeatus, characterized, and found to be similar to the rRG-lyase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae.
Nano-Photonic Platform for Atom-Light Interaction (2017)

Development of technology can allow access to new regimes in science and creation of new fields of research. The development of ultra-high finesse mirror technology enabled the development of the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics, and an abundance of wonderful physics experiments soon followed. The sophistication of the field of nano-fabrication and nano-photonics would allow unprecedented capability to mold the shape and flow of light, and provide a novel platform for efficient and hopefully integrable quantum systems. In this project, we hope to interface cold atoms, perhaps the most quintessential of quantum systems, to the engineering power of nano-photonics. We believe this field of study will not only lead to the demonstration of new physics in the quantum regime, but work toward building a network with quantum capabilities mediated by optical channels. In this project, we develop a nano-fabricated platform capable of interfacing nano-photonic devices with cold Cesium atoms in free-space. Nano-photonic waveguide devices are fabricated in a Silicon Nitride device layer on Silicon substrate. The fabrication is compatible with conventional semiconductor fabrication processes, and the chip design has been adapted to allow incorporation with free-space optics to support cold Cesium atom cloud around the waveguides. An ultra-high vacuum system that is compatible to the chip and its supporting structures was constructed to perform experiments. With our system, we were able to fabricate and characterize nano-photonic structures, including 1D photonic crystal waveguides, cavities, and 2D photonic crystal slabs. For the 1D photonic crystal waveguide devices, enhanced atom-light coupling between localized Cesium atoms in the vicinity of the devices, and also atom-atom interaction between Cesium atoms mediated by the guided mode of the photonic crystal waveguide, has been observed. The 2D photonic devices allow us many capabilities beyond that of the 1D waveguide. Demonstration of exotic optical properties including natural decay rate suppression and circular polarization engineering, should be within reach in the near future.
Deoxygenative Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methane, Toluene, and Diphenylmethane with [Et<sub>2</sub>Al]<sup>+</sup> as Catalyst (2012)

The strong Lewis acid [Et(2)Al](+) catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrosilanes under mild conditions to methane. In benzene solution, the side products toluene and diphenylmethane are also obtained through Lewis acid catalyzed benzene alkylation by reaction intermediates.
Transistorized Commutator (1959)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Charles W. McMullen; Transistorized Commutator. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 July 1959; 30 (7): 595–597. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1716695 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Modified RNA sequence pools for<i>in vitro</i>selection (1994)

We report the use of modified RNA, in which the 2'-OH group of pyrimidines is replaced by a 2'-amino (2'-NH2) group to identify high affinity ligands specific for human neutrophil elastase (HNE) by in vitro selection. Compared to unmodified RNA the 2'-NH2-modified RNA ligands show enhanced stability in human serum and urine. Use of RNase T1 cleavage data in the presence of K+ and Li+ ions suggests that the modified RNA ligands selected for HNE form an intermolecular G-quartet structure.
Early Experience in the Treatment of Intra-Cranial Aneurysms by Endovascular Flow Diversion: A Multicentre Prospective Study (2010)

This series is the largest reporting outcome of the new treatment approach and provides data for future study design. Procedural difficulties in SFD deployment were frequent and anti-thrombosis prophylaxis appears to reduce the resulting clinical sequelae, but at the cost of morbidity due to extracranial bleeding. Delayed morbidity appears to be a consequence of the new approach and warrants care in selecting patients for treatment and future larger studies.
Digital holography of particle fields: reconstruction by use of complex amplitude (2003)

Digital holography appears to be a strong contender as the next-generation technology for holographic diagnostics of particle fields and holographic particle image velocimetry for flow field measurement. With the digital holographic approach, holograms are directly recorded by a digital camera and reconstructed numerically. This not only eliminates wet chemical processing and mechanical scanning, but also enables the use of complex amplitude information inaccessible by optical reconstruction, thereby allowing flexible reconstruction algorithms to achieve optimization of specific information. However, owing to the inherently low pixel resolution of solid-state imaging sensors, digital holography gives poor depth resolution for images, a problem that severely impairs the usefulness of digital holography especially in densely populated particle fields. This paper describes a technique that significantly improves particle axial-location accuracy by exploring the reconstructed complex amplitude information, compared with other numerical reconstruction schemes that merely mimic traditional optical reconstruction. This novel method allows accurate extraction of particle locations from forward-scattering particle holograms even at high particle loadings.
Improved cloning vectors and transformation procedure for <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> (1993)

Four shuttle vectors (pMIG 1, 2, 2H and 3) have been constructed based on the broad host-range plasmid pCK1. All the pMIG vectors possess a multiple cloning site containing 12 or more unique restriction enzyme sites, and are stably maintained at either high or low copy number in Lactococcus lactis and in Escherichia coli. By cloning the E. coli pUC replicon into one of these vectors a plasmid was constructed which can replicate to high copy number in recA strains of E. coli. The broad host-range of the pCK1 replicon may enable these cloning vectors to be used in a number of Gram-positive bacteria. One of these vectors was used to optimize an electroporation procedure for transformation of a commonly used plasmid-cured strain MG1363 of L. lactis which routinely yielded 1 x 10(7) to 5 x 10(7) transformants micrograms-1 supercoiled DNA using stored, snap-frozen cells. This transformation efficiency was obtained by growing the cells in medium containing the cell wall weakening agent glycine, to an upper limit of 2.5% w/v. Although growth of L. lactis strain MG1363 was inhibited by the use of 0.5 mol l-1 sucrose as an osmotic stabilizer, the presence of sucrose in the electroporation buffer was critical for high transformation efficiency. Other variables which were tested for their effect on the efficiency of transformation were cell concentration, DNA concentration, pulse time and field strength. These results provide a model procedure which can be followed to optimize conditions for the genetic transformation of various strains of L. lactis.
Metformin Induces Apoptosis through AMPK-Dependent Inhibition of UPR Signaling in ALL Lymphoblasts (2013)

The outcome of patients with resistant phenotypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or those who relapse remains poor. We investigated the mechanism of cell death induced by metformin in Bp- and T-ALL cell models and primary cells, and show that metformin effectively induces apoptosis in ALL cells. Metformin activated AMPK, down-regulated the unfolded protein response (UPR) demonstrated by significant decrease in the main UPR regulator GRP78, and led to UPR-mediated cell death via up-regulation of the ER stress/UPR cell death mediators IRE1α and CHOP. Using shRNA, we demonstrate that metformin-induced apoptosis is AMPK-dependent since AMPK knock-down rescued ALL cells, which correlated with down-regulation of IRE1α and CHOP and restoration of the UPR/GRP78 function. Additionally rapamycin, a known inhibitor of mTOR-dependent protein synthesis, rescued cells from metformin-induced apoptosis and down-regulated CHOP expression. Finally, metformin induced PIM-2 kinase activity and co-treatment of ALL cells with a PIM-1/2 kinase inhibitor plus metformin synergistically increased cell death, suggesting a buffering role for PIM-2 in metformin's cytotoxicity. Similar synergism was seen with agents targeting Akt in combination with metformin, supporting our original postulate that AMPK and Akt exert opposite regulatory roles on UPR activity in ALL. Taken together, our data indicate that metformin induces ALL cell death by triggering ER and proteotoxic stress and simultaneously down-regulating the physiologic UPR response responsible for effectively buffering proteotoxic stress. Our findings provide evidence for a role of metformin in ALL therapy and support strategies targeting synthetic lethal interactions with Akt and PIM kinases as suitable for future consideration for clinical translation in ALL.
Stoichiometric network theory for nonequilibrium biochemical systems (2003)

We introduce the basic concepts and develop a theory for nonequilibrium steady-state biochemical systems applicable to analyzing large-scale complex isothermal reaction networks. In terms of the stoichiometric matrix, we demonstrate both Kirchhoff's flux law sigma(l)J(l)=0 over a biochemical species, and potential law sigma(l) mu(l)=0 over a reaction loop. They reflect mass and energy conservation, respectively. For each reaction, its steady-state flux J can be decomposed into forward and backward one-way fluxes J = J+ - J-, with chemical potential difference deltamu = RT ln(J-/J+). The product -Jdeltamu gives the isothermal heat dissipation rate, which is necessarily non-negative according to the second law of thermodynamics. The stoichiometric network theory (SNT) embodies all of the relevant fundamental physics. Knowing J and deltamu of a biochemical reaction, a conductance can be computed which directly reflects the level of gene expression for the particular enzyme. For sufficiently small flux a linear relationship between J and deltamu can be established as the linear flux-force relation in irreversible thermodynamics, analogous to Ohm's law in electrical circuits.
Phase Behavior of Polylactide-Based Liquid Crystalline Brushlike Block Copolymers (2015)

We explore the morphology and phase behavior of a recently introduced architecture of liquid crystalline brushlike block copolymer (LCBBC) as functions of composition and molecular weight. Low-polydispersity materials were prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of n-alkyloxycyanobiphenyl and poly(dl-lactide) (PLA) functionalized norbornene monomers. Well-ordered block copolymer mesophases were observed with transitions from spheres to hexagonally packed cylinders, lamellae, inverse cylinders, and inverse spheres on increasing the weight fraction of the liquid crystalline block, fLC, from 0.15 to 0.85. The microdomain spacing displays a power-law scaling with molecular weight with an exponent of 0.6, L0 ∼ MW0.6. The simple occurrence of microdomains with curved interfaces, spherical and cylindrical, and the sublinear scaling of microdomain spacing with molecular weight set this system clearly apart from bottlebrush block copolymers. We observe a peculiar morphology dependence of the liquid crystal anchoring condition with the cyanobiphenyl mesogens adopting planar anchoring at cylindrical microdomain interfaces while both homeotropic and planar anchoring were displayed at the block interface in lamellar systems.
Computing with biological metaphors (1994)

Part 1 Cells: From VSLI through machine models to cellular metabolism, Mike Holcombe developing a logical tool to analyze biological regulatory networks, Rene Thomas and Denis Thieffrey the computational machinery of the living cell, Rickey Welch enzymes, automata and artificial cells, Pedro Marijuan the molecular computer, Chris Winter computing dendritic growth, Patrick Hmailton. Part 2 Tissues: the brain as a metaphor for sixth generation computing, Michael Arbib hierarchical search using chemical transmitters in self-organizing pattern recognition architectures, Gail A. Carpenter and Stephen Grossberg fluid neural networks as a model of intelligent biological systems, Frank T. Vertosick the immune learning mechanisms - reinforcement, recruitment and their applications, Hughes Bersini and Francisco J. Varela artificial tissue models, Richard Stark streaming organizations - the tissue automat, Gershom Zajicek. Part 4 Genetics: evolutionary algorithms - comparison of approaches, Thomas Baeck artificial evolution and the paradox of sex, Rob Collins both Wrightian and parasite peak shifts enhance genetic algorithm performance in the travelling salesman problem, Brian Sumida and W.D. Hamilton evolution of emergent co-operative behaviour using genetic programming, John Koza an evolutionary approach to designing neural networks, Aviv Bergman. Part 5 Ecology: free the spirit of evolutionary computing - the ecological genetic algorithm approach, Yuval Davidor the ecology of computation, Bernardo A. Huberman an ecological analysis of a system for detecting nods of the head, Ian Horswill socio-ecological metaphors and autonomous agents, Geof Staniford. Part 6 Theoretical and conceptual issues: the importance of selectionist systems for cognition, Bernard Manderick life-like computing beyond the machine metaphor, George Kampis nature's machine - mimesis, the analog computer and the rhetoric of technology, James Nyce. Conclusion: computing with biological metaphors - some conceptual issues, Ray Paton.
Single-cell electroporation arrays with real-time monitoring and feedback control (2007)

Rapid well-controlled intracellular delivery of drug compounds, RNA, or DNA into a cell--without permanent damage to the cell--is a pervasive challenge in basic cell biology research, drug discovery, and gene delivery. To address this challenge, we have developed a bench-top system comprised of a control interface, that mates to disposable 96-well-formatted microfluidic devices, enabling the individual manipulation, electroporation and real-time monitoring of each cell in suspension. This is the first demonstrated real-time feedback-controlled electroporation of an array of single-cells. Our computer program automatically detects electroporation events and subsequently releases the electric field, precluding continued field-induced damage of the cell, to allow for membrane resealing. Using this novel set-up, we demonstrate the reliable electroporation of an array (n = 15) of individual cells in suspension, using low applied electric fields (<1 V) and the rapid and localized intracellular delivery of otherwise impermeable compounds (Calcein and Orange Green Dextran). Such multiplexed electrical and optical measurements as a function of time are not attainable with typical electroporation setups. This system, which mounts on an inverted microscope, obviates many issues typically associated with prototypical microfluidic chip setups and, more importantly, offers well-controlled and reproducible parallel pressure and electrical application to individual cells for repeatability.