gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Biomarkers and Kidney Function Decline in Early and Established Diabetic Kidney Disease (2017)

Biomarkers of diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms may improve risk stratification for incident or progressive diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in persons with type 2 diabetes. To evaluate such biomarkers, we performed a nested case-control study (<i>n</i>=190 cases of incident DKD and 190 matched controls) and a prospective cohort study (<i>n</i>=1156) using banked baseline plasma samples from participants of randomized, controlled trials of early (ACCORD) and advanced (VA NEPHRON-D) DKD. We assessed the association and discrimination obtained with baseline levels of plasma TNF receptor-1 (TNFR-1), TNFR-2, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) for the outcomes of incident DKD (ACCORD) and progressive DKD (VA-NEPHRON-D). At baseline, median concentrations of TNFR-1, TNFR-2, and KIM-1 were roughly two-fold higher in the advanced DKD population (NEPHRON-D) than in the early DKD population (ACCORD). In both cohorts, patients who reached the renal outcome had higher baseline levels than those who did not reach the outcome. Associations between doubling in TNFR-1, TNFR-2, and KIM-1 levels and risk of the renal outcomes were significant for both cohorts. Inclusion of these biomarkers in clinical models increased the area under the curve (SEM) for predicting the renal outcome from 0.68 (0.02) to 0.75 (0.02) in NEPHRON-D. Systematic review of the literature illustrated high consistency in the association between these biomarkers of inflammation and renal outcomes in DKD. In conclusion, TNFR-1, TNFR-2, and KIM-1 independently associated with higher risk of eGFR decline in persons with early or advanced DKD. Moreover, addition of these biomarkers to clinical prognostic models significantly improved discrimination for the renal outcome.
Production and characterization of miro- and nano-features in biomedical alumina and zirconia ceramics using a tape casting route (2012)

A process of micromolding, delivering micro- and nanopatterned ceramic surfaces for biomaterial applications is described in this work. To create the desired structures, tape casting of ceramic slurries on microfabricated silicon mold was used. Several tape casting slurry compositions were tested to evaluate the feasibility of transferring micro- and nano-features from silicon molds. Used ceramics were alumina (α-Al(2)O(3)) and yttria stabilized zirconia. Three types of polymeric binders for the green tape (PVB, PES, and PVP) were investigated using three different solvents (ethanol, n-methyl-pyrrolidone, water). Well-defined features in shapes of wells with diameters down to 2.4 μm and a depth of 10 μm and pillars with diameters down to 1.7 μm and a height of 3 μm were obtained. Morphology, grain size and porosity of the sintered bodies were characterized. Finally fibroblast cells were cultured on the surfaces in order to observe their morphology under influence of the microstructured surfaces.
New Method of Genome Editing Derived From CRISPR/Cas9 (2013)

The type Ⅱ clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated(Cas)9 system has been used as a gene-targeting technology as ZFN and TALEN to meditate multiple genome editing.Unlike ZFN and TALEN directly binding to the specific DNA sequence to generate a double-strands break,the engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system has been demonstrated that Cas9 nuclease was directed by short RNAs to induce site-specific cleavage in complex genome.The advantage of CRPSR/Cas9 system is easy to be constructed and low cost compared with ZFN and TALEN.So,it is considered that it will replace existing technique.Here we review the CRISPR/Cas development history,classification,mechanism,progress and application of this new genome editing technology.This review will provide a useful reference for researchers who are interested in applying this new technique in their studies.
Malfunction of a Heimlich flutter valve causing tension pneumothorax: case report of a rare complication (2010)

We would like to raise awareness to the fact that if a Heimlich flutter valve is applied in the pre-hospital setting it should be used with caution. Failure in this type of valve may lead to recurrent tension pneumothorax.
Improving Reality-Based Models for Vibration Feedback (2000)

Abstract Reality-based modeling of vibrations can be used to enhance the haptic display of hard surfaces in virtual environments. In this work, we propose modifying reality-based vibrations through psychophysical experiments. Virtual vibration models were developed from empirical vibration waveforms measured by tapping on real surfaces with the instrumented stylus of a three degree-of-freedom haptic display. The haptic display was then evaluated on its ability to display the desired waveforms. Psychophysical experiments utilizing the display were performed to evaluate the realism of various vibration parameter values used in the vibration model. From these experiments, it was discovered that the best parameters differed from those of the original reality-based model. Additional experiments verified the effectiveness of vibration feedback by showing that subjects could differentiate between materials in a virtual environment.
Gold electrodeposition for microelectronic, optoelectronic and microsystem applications (2007)

The electrodeposition of gold is a key technology in the fabrication of many microelectronic, optoelectronic and microsystem devices. In this review, we examine some recent applications, and consider the suitability of various gold plating systems for device fabrication. The properties of gold cyanide and sulfite baths and their limitations are considered first. This is followed by an analysis of the latest generation of non-cyanide baths, including the thiosulfate, sulfite-thiosulfate and ammonium gold systems. Plating baths containing mercaptoalkylsulfonic acid and hydantoin ligands are also briefly discussed. Finally an analysis of the stability of gold plating baths is presented.
Zircon saturation in terrestrial basaltic melts and its geological implications (2018)

Zircon is a widely used accessary mineral, and zircon saturation in silicate melts has many applications in geology. Based on the original model proposed by Watson and Harrison (Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 64:295–304, 1983), the quantification of the zircon saturation in melts with felsic and intermediate compositions has recently become a major research topic, resulting in some disagreements and different models. Theoretically, the addition of new data, especially regarding the zircon solubility in a basaltic (peralkaline) melt that can provide an upper limit below which zircon is likely to crystallize in igneous rocks, is thus critical to the development of a new, refined model that can be applied to a wide range of compositions and provide a resolution to the ongoing debate. Here, the zircon saturation in a terrestrial basaltic melt was systematically investigated for the first time using a piston-cylinder apparatus across the temperature range of 1050–1350 °C at pressures of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 GPa. We combined our new data on mafic melts with data from previous studies on mafic to felsic melts to investigate the factors affecting zircon saturation in basaltic melts. Our results confirm an extremely high zircon saturation in mafic (peralkaline) melts in addition to its strong dependence on the melt composition and temperature and its weak dependence on the pressure and water content. We used all available data that can be used to calculate compositional parameter G [=(3·Al2O3 + SiO2)/(Na2O + K2O + CaO + MgO + FeO), molar ratio] to evaluate fit to a previous model designed to work with more alkaline compositions and proposed a new refined model, given by (with 1σ errors): lnCZr(melt) = (3.313 ± 0.349)–(1.35 ± 0.10)·lnG + (0.0065 ± 0.0003)·T, where CZr(melt) is the Zr concentration in the melt at zircon saturation and T is temperature in °C. Additionally, we reintroduced the previously proposed dominance of the temperature and melt composition on the degree of polymerization and thus the ability of zircon to enter the melt, thereby leading to large differences in the zircon saturation between intermediate-felsic magmas and mafic magmas. Although mantle-derived basaltic magmas have a low Zr concentration, they are capable of dissolving the zircon in surrounding rocks during their ascent. Zircons are generally rare in extrusive or hypabyssal basaltic rocks but can form during the late crystallization stage of plutonic basaltic magmas; thus, zircon crystallization has little impact on the distribution of trace elements in mafic magmas.
Arsenic-induced PML targeting onto nuclear bodies: Implications for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (1997)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with the t(15;17) translocation, which generates a PML/RAR alpha fusion protein between PML, a growth suppressor localized on nuclear matrix-associated bodies, and RAR alpha, a nuclear receptor for retinoic acid (RA). PML/RAR alpha was proposed to block myeloid differentiation through inhibition of nuclear receptor response, as does a dominant negative RAR alpha mutant. In addition, in APL cells, PML/RAR alpha displaces PML and other nuclear body (NB) antigens onto nuclear microspeckles, likely resulting in the loss of PML and/or NB functions. RA leads to clinical remissions through induction of terminal differentiation, for which the respective contributions of RAR alpha (or PML/RAR alpha) activation, PML/RAR alpha degradation, and restoration of NB antigens localization are poorly determined. Arsenic trioxide also leads to remissions in APL patients, presumably through induction of apoptosis. We demonstrate that in non-APL cells, arsenic recruits the nucleoplasmic form of several NB antigens onto NB, but induces the degradation of PML only, identifying a powerful tool to approach NB function. In APL cells, arsenic targets PML and PML/RAR alpha onto NB and induces their degradation. Thus, RA and arsenic target RAR alpha and PML, respectively, but both induce the degradation of the PML/RAR alpha fusion protein, which should contribute to their therapeutic effects. The difference in the cellular events triggered by these two agents likely stems from RA-induced transcriptional activation and arsenic effects on NB proteins.
OSPF Protocol Extensions for Path Computation Element (PCE) Discovery (2008)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Suppression of Microtubule Dynamic Instability by the +TIP Protein EB1 and Its Modulation by the CAP-Gly Domain of p150<sup>Glued</sup> (2007)

The EB1+TIP protein family and its binding partners track growing plus ends of microtubules in cells and are thought to regulate their dynamics. Here we determined the effects of EB1 and the N-terminal CAP-Gly domain (p150n) of one of its major binding partners, p150Glued, both separately and together, on the dynamic instability parameters at plus ends of purified steady-state microtubules. With EB1 alone, the shortening rate, the extent of shortening, and the catastrophe frequency were suppressed in the absence of significant effects on the growth rate or rescue frequency. The effects of EB1 on dynamics were significantly different when p150n was added together with EB1. The rate and extent of shortening and the catastrophe frequency were suppressed 3-4 times more strongly than with EB1 alone. In addition, the EB1-p150n complex increased the rescue frequency and the mean length the microtubules grew, parameters that were not significantly affected by EB1 alone. Similarly, deletion of EB1's C-terminal tail, which is a crucial binding region for p150n, significantly increased the ability of EB1 to suppress shortening dynamics. EB1 by itself bound along the length of the microtubules with 1 mol of EB1 dimer bound per approximately 12 mol of tubulin dimer. Approximately twice the amount of EB1 was recruited to the microtubules in the presence of p150n. Our results indicate that inactivation of EB1's flexible C-terminal tail significantly changes EB1's ability to modulate microtubule dynamics. They further suggest that p150Glued may activate and thereby facilitate the recruitment of EB1 to the tips of microtubules to regulate their dynamics.
Specific Pathogen Detection Using Bioorthogonal Chemistry and Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance (2011)

The development of faster and more sensitive detection methods capable of identifying specific bacterial species and strains has remained a longstanding clinical challenge. Thus to date, the diagnosis of bacterial infections continues to rely on the performance of time-consuming microbiological cultures. Here, we demonstrate the use of bioorthogonal chemistry for magnetically labeling specific pathogens to enable their subsequent detection by nuclear magnetic resonance. Antibodies against a bacterial target of interest were first modified with trans-cyclooctene and then coupled to tetrazine-modified magnetic nanoprobes, directly on the bacteria. This labeling method was verified by surface plasmon resonance as well as by highly specific detection of Staphylococcus aureus using a miniaturized diagnostic magnetic resonance system. Compared to other copper-free bioorthogonal chemistries, the cycloaddition reaction reported here displayed faster kinetics and yielded higher labeling efficiency. Considering the short assay times and the portability of the necessary instrumentation, it is feasible that this approach could be adapted for clinical use in resource-limited settings.
Multiphoton Excited Fabrication of Collagen Matrixes Cross-Linked by a Modified Benzophenone Dimer:  Bioactivity and Enzymatic Degradation (2005)

Multiphoton excited (MPE) photochemistry is used to fabricate model tissue engineering scaffolds directly from types I, II, and IV collagen. A modified benzophenone dimer (BPD) provides the photoactivation and becomes incorporated into the resulting collagen matrixes. Unlike xanthene photochemistries, the benzophenone dimer can be used in acidic environments, where most forms of collagen have the greatest solubility. The minimum feature sizes are investigated by using two- and three-photon excitation, where the latter provides for superior "resolution" and suggests that collagen structures can be fabricated on the size scales of focal contacts. The resulting structures display excellent retention of bioactivity as evidenced by highly specific cell adhesion as well as immunofluorescence labeling. Structural and chemical aspects of the collagen matrixes are probed through measuring the enzymatic degradation through specific and nonspecific proteases, as the resulting relative rates are consistent with the activity of these enzymes. The degradation rates can also be controlled through varying the cross-link density in the matrixes, which is achieved through tuning the exposure dose during the fabrication process. The degradation rates are also found to be consistent with swelling/shrinking measurements and thus the average mesh size of the matrixes. In all cases the enzymatic degradations are well-fit single exponentials, suggesting that the matrixes can be fabricated with a priori knowledge of their structural properties. These results coupled with the resulting bioactivity suggest that the multiphoton fabrication process may be a powerful tool for the creation of cell-sized tissue engineering scaffolds.
Thermoelectric heating of Ge2Sb2Te5 in phase change memory devices (2010)

We report on the demonstration of the active thermoelectric application to nanometer-scaled semiconductor devices. The thermoelectric heating already exists during programming in conventional phase change memory (PRAM) cells, which is only a minor supplement to Joule heating. Here, by rigorously designing devices, we have demonstrated an unprecedentedly high efficiency of PRAM, where the majority of the heat is supplied by the thermoelectric effect.
Adeno-Associated Virus Mediated Delivery of a Non-Membrane Targeted Human Soluble CD59 Attenuates Some Aspects of Diabetic Retinopathy in Mice (2013)

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of visual dysfunction in working adults and is attributed to retinal vascular and neural cell damage. Recent studies have described elevated levels of membrane attack complex (MAC) and reduced levels of membrane associated complement regulators including CD55 and CD59 in the retina of diabetic retinopathy patients as well as in animal models of this disease. We have previously described the development of a soluble membrane-independent form of CD59 (sCD59) that when delivered via a gene therapy approach using an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV2/8-sCD59) to the eyes of mice, can block MAC deposition and choroidal neovascularization. Here, we examine AAV2/8-sCD59 mediated attenuation of MAC deposition and ensuing complement mediated damage to the retina of mice following streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes. We observed a 60% reduction in leakage of retinal blood vessels in diabetic eyes pre-injected with AAV2/8-sCD59 relative to negative control virus injected diabetic eyes. AAV2/8-sCD59 injected eyes also exhibited protection from non-perfusion of retinal blood vessels. In addition, a 200% reduction in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and a 40% reduction in MAC deposition were documented in diabetic eyes pre-injected with AAV2/8-sCD59 relative to diabetic eyes pre-injected with the control virus. This is the first study characterizing a viral gene therapy intervention that targets MAC in a model of diabetic retinopathy. Use of AAV2/8-sCD59 warrants further exploration as a potential therapy for advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy.
Respiration in the Cysts and Trophozoites of Giardia muris (1989)

Cysts and trophozoites of the parasitic protozoon Giardia muris both showed respiratory activity but respiration in cysts was only 10 to 20% that of trophozoites. The O2 dependence of respiration in cysts and trophozoites showed O2 maxima above which respiration decreased. The O2 concentration at which the respiration rate was greatest was higher for cysts than trophozoites. The effects of various inhibitors on cyst and trophozoite respiration suggested that flavoproteins and quinones play some role in respiration. The substrate specificities and the effects of inhibitors on G. muris trophozoites were similar to those observed for Giardia lamblia. Metronidazole, the drug most commonly used in the treatment of giardiasis completely inhibited respiration and motility in trophozoites; however, it had no effect on either respiration or viability in cysts. Menadione, a redox cycling naphthoquinone, stimulated then completely inhibited respiration in cysts and trophozoites; a complete loss of cyst viability or trophozoite motility was also observed. The effects of menadione on G. muris may indicate that redox cycling compounds have potential as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of giardiasis.
Investigation on VLSIs' input ports susceptibility to conducted RF interference (2002)

The usual susceptibility test performed to check an ICs hardness to conducted and radiated radiofrequency (RF) interference does not seem to be useful when studying IC subcircuit input ports. Susceptibility measurements carried out directly on the chip surface are mandatory. The work has been aimed at the development of a susceptibility test bench designed on the basis of the "PIN injection method", in order to carry out "on chip" measurements by using the electron beam testing (EBT) probe station system. Measurements have been performed in the input pad of a VLSI circuit (CMOS (0.7 /spl mu/m)) for interference with carrier frequency in the range 20 MHz-1 GHz and available power level up to 15 dBm.
Acquired resistance to acute oxidative stress. Possible role of heme oxygenase and ferritin. (1995)

The resistance to injury conferred by endotoxin in Gly-ARF involves induction of an antioxidant response, consisting of increased heme oxygenase and ferritin synthesis. This coupled response allows degradation of heme as well as chelation of iron, thus decreasing oxidant-mediated tissue injury. This novel mechanism of endotoxin-induced resistance may be applicable not only to Gly-ARF but also to other models of tissue injury in which enhanced oxidative stress is implicated.
Toxicity, immunogenicity, and tumor radioimmunodetecting ability of two human monoclonal antibodies in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. (1990)

Two human immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), 16.88 and 28A32, which react with cytoplasmic (28A32 and 16.88) or cell surface (28A32) determinants on human colon carcinoma cells, were administered intravenously to 26 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma to determine if they could localize to sites of metastatic disease, if they had any antitumor or toxic effects, and to determine whether they would elicit an antihuman MoAb response. Serial scans showed tumor uptake of radioisotope in 12 of 16 patients receiving 131I-labeled 28A32 and in nine of 12 patients receiving 131I-labeled 16.88. No antitumor effects were seen with either antibody. No antibody-related toxic effects were observed following administration of 16.88, but two patients developed localized urticarial reactions following injection with antibody 28A32. No patient developed an antibody response to 16.88. Anti-28A32 reactivity was found in five of 12 (42%) normal sera and in seven of 23 (30%) patients before receiving any antibody. Following administration of 28A32, a low titer (1:10 dilution) of anti-28A32 developed in four patients with no preexisting antibody, a decrease in the preexisting titer was seen in three other patients, the titer remained constant in one patient, and no anti-28A32 was ever detected in six patients. In most cases, anti-28A32 activity was lost at dilutions greater than 1:10 and did not appear to affect antibody half-life in the serum or whole body retention of the antibody. We conclude that these human IgM MoAbs are capable of localizing at sites of disease in vivo, are nontoxic, and are poorly immunogenic in humans. Further studies to determine the specificity of targeting and to improve the delivery of antibody to sites of tumor are indicated.
EEG BIOFEEDBACK IN THE SCHOOLS The Use of EEG Biofeedback to Treat ADHD in a School Setting (1998)

Six middle school students diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were selected for sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) training with EEG biofeedback. The subjects were evaluated following a 72-hour drug-free period with the WISC-III Digit Span subtest and the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA). Five of the subjects received 20 sessions of EEG biofeedback and one of the subjects received nine sessions of EEG biofeedback. The subjects were evaluated again following a 72-hour drug-free period. Five of the six subjects improved on their combined Digit Span, TOVA Inattention, and TOVA Impulsivity scores. These results supported previous findings that EEG biofeedback can be effective in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. More importantly, this study demonstrated that EEG biofeedback could be used in an actual school setting. Recommendations for implementing an EEG biofeedback program in the schools were provided.