gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A parametric study of masonry infilled steel frames (2001)

A previously developed computer model was used to investigate the effects of a wide range of parameters applicable to concrete block masonry infilled steel frames. Height to length panel aspect ratios were varied from 0.5 to 1.5 to reflect how other parameters were affected by these values. Eight different types of parameters were studied. The method of applying horizontal load was found to have little effect. Isolation gaps between panel and beam reduced both the stiffness and strength of the infilled frame. While panel-to-column ties generated an increase in peak load, local stress concentrations caused by the ties resulted in additional deterioration of the panel. Strength was found to vary with mortar joint bond strength, with the effects being more significant at higher aspect ratios. Increasing beam stiffness increased strength for low aspect ratio frames, and increasing column stiffness had a similar effect for high aspect ratio frames. Gravity loading was beneficial in increasing shear resistance up to a limit where it caused crushing of the masonry infill. The increases in strength of infilled frames were found to be disproportionate to increases in the strength of the masonry.Key words: masonry, steel, infill, frame, analytical, variables, shear, strength, deflection, interaction.
Single-loop polarization stabilization for single-mode fiber (1982)

A simple active control system is described that maintains the output of a single-mode fiber at prescribed polarization and intensity, thus counteracting erratic birefringeance effects in the fiber that are due to temperature drift and mechanical disturbances. Whereas the system of Ulrich [Appl. Phys. Lett. 35, 840 (1979)] controls two polarization parameters by means of two interdependent control loops, ours controls only one parameter and requires only a single control loop. The resulting considerable reduction of optical and electronic system complexity is realized at the expense of about 30-50% of input light intensity.
Singular Values for ReLU Layers (2019)

Despite their prevalence in neural networks, we still lack a thorough theoretical characterization of rectified linear unit (ReLU) layers. This article aims to further our understanding of ReLU layers by studying how the activation function ReLU interacts with the linear component of the layer and what role this interaction plays in the success of the neural network in achieving its intended task. To this end, we introduce two new tools: ReLU singular values of operators and the Gaussian mean width of operators. By presenting, on the one hand, theoretical justifications, results, and interpretations of these two concepts and, on the other hand, numerical experiments and results of the ReLU singular values and the Gaussian mean width being applied to trained neural networks, we hope to give a comprehensive, singular-value-centric view of ReLU layers. We find that ReLU singular values and the Gaussian mean width do not only enable theoretical insights but also provide one with metrics that seem promising for practical applications. In particular, these measures can be used to distinguish correctly and incorrectly classified data as it traverses the network. We conclude by introducing two tools based on our findings: double layers and harmonic pruning.
The Operation of Interval Numbers in the Interval Number Judgement Matrix (2003)

On the basis of the interrelatedness of the choice of value of some interval numbers in the interval number judgement matrix. This article gives a difinition of the operation among these interval numbers.
Isoproterenol infusion promotes nitrogen washout in rats under normobaric conditions (1984)

Cardiac output and the rate of N2 elimination were measured simultaneously in unanesthetized rats during isobaric desaturation with 100% O2. Whole-body N2-washout curves for the rat are characterized by three compartment half times derived by exponential stripping, representing the slow, intermediate, and fast components of the system. During saline infusion (control) the respective half times for these compartments were 120, 15, and 2 min. Isoproterenol infusion increased cardiac output by 40% and the volume of N2 eliminated by 10% over a 2-h washout. More importantly, the half time of the slowest compartment decreased from 120 to 70 min. The intermediate compartment half time shortened from 15 to 13 min, while the fast compartment was unaffected. The decrease in slow compartment half time will contribute significantly to the shortening of the duration of stay during decompression. A plot of slow compartment rate constants vs. measured cardiac output (range 280-690 ml X min-1 X kg-1) demonstrated a linear relationship between perfusion and the tissue-blood gas exchange rate. The results indicate that enhanced cardiac output and generalized vasodilation shorten the time required to desaturate the slower body tissues. Various maneuvers or drugs that demonstrate similar cardiovascular responses should be beneficial during prolonged decompression procedures involved in saturation diving.
Shared Consciousness: A Social History of Tourette Syndrome and its Treatments (2012)

This study tracks how treatments and personal management strategies for the medical condition Tourette syndrome have changed over time. Additionally, the purpose of this research is to discover the shared experiences that influence the treatment choices of American adults with the condition. Clinical theories about the causes of Tourette syndrome have directed the treatment of the disorder and its symptoms for many years. Recent patient discontents with side effects from medications have led many people with the disorder to practice complementary and alternative therapies. While some of these alternative interventions continue to rely on the guidance of a standard health care professional, several individuals with Tourette syndrome, often referred to as Touretters, have formulated treatments of their own. Many therapies that Touretters practice today are often based on certain idiosyncrasies of an individual’s condition. As a result, a variety of different treatment methods have been used by Touretters in recent years.
All the better to see you with: A comparison of approaches to delivering instructions for Lego construction tasks (2010)

This study was a combination and continuation of previous studies done by BGSU graduate students and faculty.It explored the use of interactive 3D stereo graphics as a component in the delivery of instructions for a construction task and compared this to a non-stereo version as well as a paper-based approach.The principal goal was to determine the relative effectiveness of the three approaches as measured by time to completion and accuracy.A secondary goal was to determine the role of inherent object complexity on performance as measured by time to completion.
Peripheral neuropathy (1996)

Peripheral neuropathy is common in the elderly and results in impairments in distal proprioception and strength that hinder balance and predispose them to falls. The loss of heel reflexes, decreased vibratory sense that improves proximally, impaired position sense at the great toe, and inability to maintain unipedal stance for 10 seconds in three attempts all suggest functionally significant peripheral neuropathy. Physicians can help their patients with peripheral neuropathy to prevent falls by teaching them and their families about peripheral nerve dysfunction and its effects on balance and by advising patients to substitute vision for the lost somatosensory function, correctly use a cane, wear proper shoes and orthotics, and perform balance and upper extremity strengthening exercises.
Platinum(II) Complexes of Curcumin Showing Photocytotoxicity in Visible Light (2016)

Three platinum(II) complexes of curcumin, [Pt(NH 3 ) 2 (cur)](NO 3 ) ( 1 ), [Pt(en)(cur)](NO 3 ) ( 2 ) and [Pt(dach)(cur)](NO 3 ) ( 3 ), where Hcur is curcumin, en is ethylenediamine and dach is 1 R ,2 R ‐(–)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane, were synthesized, characterized and their photocytotoxic properties were explored. The acetylacetone (Hacac) analogue of 1 , [Pt(NH 3 ) 2 (acac)]NO 3 ( 4 ), was prepared to investigate the role of photoactive curcumin. The crystal structure of [Pt(NH 3 ) 2 (acac)]CF 3 SO 3 ( 4a ) revealed square‐planar geometry of the platinum(II) centre. Complexes 1 – 3 displayed an intense absorption band at 450 nm ( ε = 22500 m –1 cm –1 ). The curcumin in metal‐bound form showed improved stability in 10 % DMSO/buffer solution at 37 °C. The complexes released curcumin upon irradiation with visible light (400–700 nm) as evident from the increment in emission intensity. The complexes formed Pt–DNA covalent adducts when treated with calf thymus (ct)‐DNA and exposed to light. The platinum–curcumin conjugates demonstrated photocytotoxicity in cancer cells giving IC 50 values of 15–45 µ m (400–700 nm, 10 J cm –2 ) with no apparent activity in the dark (IC 50 > 200 µ m ). Cytoplasmic localization and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated apoptotic cell death in visible light was observed for the curcumin complexes.
Improvement of device isolation using field implantation for GaN MOSFETs (2016)

Gallium nitride (GaN) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with boron field implantation isolation and mesa isolation were fabricated and characterized. The process of boron field implantation was altered and subsequently conducted after performing high-temperature ohmic annealing and gate oxide thermal treatment. Implanted regions with high resistivity were achieved. The circular MOSFET fabricated in the implanted region showed an extremely low current of 6.5 × 10−12 A under a gate voltage value up to 10 V, thus demonstrating that the parasitic MOSFET in the isolation region was eliminated by boron field implantation. The off-state drain current of the rectangular MOSFET with boron field implantation was 5.5 × 10−11 A, which was only one order of magnitude higher than the 6.6 × 10−12 A of the circular device. By contrast, the rectangular MOSFET with mesa isolation presented an off-state drain current of 3.2 × 10−9 A. The field isolation for GaN MOSFETs was achieved by using boron field implantation. The implantation did not reduce the field-effect mobility. The isolation structure of both mesa and implantation did not influence the subthreshold swing, whereas the isolation structure of only the implantation increased the subthreshold swing. The breakdown voltage of the implanted region with 5 μm spacing was up to 901.5 V.
Phosphorylation State of HPr Determines the Level of Expression and the Extent of Phosphorylation of the Lactose Transport Protein ofStreptococcus thermophilus (2000)

The lactose transport protein (LacS) of Streptococcus thermophilus is composed of a translocator domain and a regulatory domain that is phosphorylated by HPr(His approximately P), the general energy coupling protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS). Lactose transport is affected by the phosphorylation state of HPr through changes in the activity of the LacS protein as well as expression of the lacS gene. To address whether or not CcpA-HPr(Ser-P)-mediated catabolite control is involved, the levels of LacS were determined under conditions in which the cellular phosphorylation state of HPr greatly differed. It appears that HPr(Ser-P) is mainly present in the exponential phase of growth, whereas HPr(His approximately P) dominates in the stationary phase. The transition from HPr(Ser-P) to HPr(His approximately P) parallels an increase in LacS level, a drop in lactose and an increase in galactose concentration in the growth medium. Because the K(m)(out) for lactose is higher than that for galactose, the lactose transport capacity decreases as lactose concentration decreases and galactose accumulates in the medium. Our data indicate that S. thermophilus compensates for the diminished transport capacity by synthesizing more LacS and phosphorylating the protein, which results in increased transport activity. The link between transport capacity and lacS expression levels and LacS phosphorylation are discussed.
A Simple and Effective Pipe Elbow Element—Interaction Effects (1982)

Our elbow element presented in an earlier communication is enhanced to account for interaction effects between elbows and rigid flanges, elbows of different curvatures, and elbows joining straight pipe sections. The interaction effects are modeled by including the appropriate additional strain terms in the stiffness matrix formulation and by using a penalty procedure to enforce the continuity of the derivatives in the pipe skin radial displacements. The enhancement in the formulation has been implemented and the results of various sample analyses are presented.
Surface modification and adhesion improvement of polyester films (2012)

Abstract Facile surface modification of polyester films was performed via chemical solutions treatment. Surface hydrolysis was carried out by means of sodium hydroxide solutions, leading to the formation of carboxylate groups. Three commercial polyester films of 100 μm in thickness were used in this work: AryLite™, Mylar™, and Teonex™, hydrolysis time being the main modification parameter. FTIR-ATR analysis, topography and contact angle (CA) measurements, surface free energy (SFE) and T-Peel adhesion tests were carried out to characterize the modified films. A quantitative estimate of the carboxylates surface coverage as a function of treatment time was obtained through a supramolecular approach, i.e. the ionic self-assembly of a tetracationic porphyrin chromophore onto the film surface. The surface free energy and critical surface tension of the hydrolyzed polyesters was evaluated by means of Zisman, Saito, Berthelot and Owens-Wendt methods. It was shown that NaOH solution treatment increases roughness, polarity and surface free energy of polymers. As a result, T-Peel strengths for modified Mylar™ and Teonex™ films were respectively 2.2 and 1.8 times higher than that for the unmodified films, whereas AryLite™ adhesion test failed.
A 14-bit 200-MS/s time-interleaved ADC with sample-time error calibration (2012)

Sample-time error between channels degrades the resolution of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs). A calibration method implemented in mixed circuits with low complexity and fast convergence is proposed in this paper. The algorithm for detecting sample-time error is based on correlation and widely applied to wide-sense stationary input signals. The detected sample-time error is corrected by a voltage-controlled sampling switch. The experimental result of a 2-channel 200-MS/s 14-bit TIADC shows that the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio improves by 19.1 dB, and the spurious-free dynamic range improves by 34.6 dB for a 70.12-MHz input after calibration. The calibration convergence time is about 20000 sampling intervals.
Mastiff: A MapReduce-based System for Time-Based Big Data Analytics (2012)

Existing MapReduce-based warehousing systems are not specially optimized for time-based big data analysis applications. Such applications have two characteristics: 1) data are continuously generated and are required to be stored persistently for a long period of time, 2) applications usually process data in some time period so that typical queries use time-related predicates. Time-based big data analytics requires both high data loading speed and high query execution performance. However, existing systems including current MapReduce-based solutions do not solve this problem well because the two requirements are contradictory. We have implemented a MapReduce-based system, called Mastiff, which provides a solution to achieve both high data loading speed and high query performance. Mastiff exploits a systematic combination of a column group store structure and a lightweight helper structure. Furthermore, Mastiff uses an optimized table scan method and a column-based query execution engine to boost query performance. Based on extensive experiments results with diverse workloads, we will show that Mastiff can significantly outperform existing systems including Hive, HadoopDB, and GridSQL.
Multiple Moving Objects Detection and Tracking under Traffic Scene (2008)

A simplified and fast algorithm for detecting and tracking multiple moving objects under real-time traffic scene is presented.This algorithm firstly uses morphological operation and reduces the frames′ resolution to get the connected regions of moving objects which are segmented out by adaptive background subtraction algorithm.,then uses the improved nearest neighbor algorithm to match and track objects.Experimental results demonstrate that this method has better solved the contradictions between continuity,real-time and precision in tracking.
A High-Voltage, Solid-State Battery System (1969)

The cell fabrication processes were studied of a high‐voltage, solid‐state battery system, . Thin‐film cells were made by the following procedures: (a) was sprayed on a Ag foil and run through a three‐zone furnace to melt the film on the foil; (b) electrolyte was vacuum deposited on the film; (c) Li was vacuum deposited on the electrolyte. In order to obtain a pinhole‐free electrolyte layer, the thickness of the film must be in excess of 5µ The yield of the thin‐film cells with the expected open‐circuit voltage of 2.1V was affected by the substrate temperature during Li deposition. It was found that, when the temperature of the substrate was properly controlled and the thickness of the film exceeded 15µ, the yield could be as high as 95%.
Prediction of Optimum Combination of Eudragit RS/Eudragit RL/Ethyl Cellulose Polymeric Free Films Based on Experimental Design for Using as a Coating System for Sustained Release Theophylline Pellets (2016)

Pellets coated with a 10% coating level of ethylcellulose and Eudragit RS (4:6) showed suitable release properties and could serve as a favorable sustained release system for theophylline.
A bit-serial VLSI receptive field accumulator (1989)

A digital bit-serial VLSI chip for accumulating neural activations of a population of neurons that form a linear receptive field is discussed. This type of VLSI circuit is complementary to the best-match classifiers described in the literature. The circuit is called a brute force detector (BFD). The authors have designed and fabricated a prototype BFD neuron cascade through MOSIS in a 3-μm p-well CMOS process (M83M run). The results indicate that a wafer-scale, restructurable version of a detector could be constructed that could implement on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> receptive fields. A receiver using a cascade of such wafers would be of great practical value for radar and sonar applications as well as useful for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI)
Spectral diffusion: an algorithm for robust material decomposition of spectral CT data (2014)

Clinical successes with dual energy CT, aggressive development of energy discriminating x-ray detectors, and novel, target-specific, nanoparticle contrast agents promise to establish spectral CT as a powerful functional imaging modality. Common to all of these applications is the need for a material decomposition algorithm which is robust in the presence of noise. Here, we develop such an algorithm which uses spectrally joint, piecewise constant kernel regression and the split Bregman method to iteratively solve for a material decomposition which is gradient sparse, quantitatively accurate, and minimally biased. We call this algorithm spectral diffusion because it integrates structural information from multiple spectral channels and their corresponding material decompositions within the framework of diffusion-like denoising algorithms (e.g. anisotropic diffusion, total variation, bilateral filtration). Using a 3D, digital bar phantom and a material sensitivity matrix calibrated for use with a polychromatic x-ray source, we quantify the limits of detectability (CNR = 5) afforded by spectral diffusion in the triple-energy material decomposition of iodine (3.1 mg mL(-1)), gold (0.9 mg mL(-1)), and gadolinium (2.9 mg mL(-1)) concentrations. We then apply spectral diffusion to the in vivo separation of these three materials in the mouse kidneys, liver, and spleen.
Darstellung und polymerisation von ungesättigten 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzolderivaten (1960)

Abstract Mit der Absicht, durch Polymerisation von Vinylderivaten mit voluminösen Gruppen Makromoleküle mit einer höheren sterischen Ordnung zu erhalten, wurden einige ungesättigte 1,3,5‐Triphenylbenzolderivate dargestellt und radikalisch polymerisiert. Durch Spaltung des polymeren Triphenylbenzylmethacrylates mit Phosphoniumjodid wurde eine Polymethacrylsäure erhalten, die sich auf Grund ihrer unterschiedlichen Löslichkeit in zwei Fraktionen auftrennen ließ. Ein Vergleich der Ultrarotspektren zeigte, daß der schwerer löslichen Fraktion eine syndiotaktische Anordnung zukommt.
Current Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Breast Imaging: A Primer for the Primary Care Physician (2005)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used imaging tool. Interest in the applicability of this modality in the realm of breast imaging has been steadily increasing over the past 25 years. The purpose of this article is to explore the use of contrast-enhanced MRI in breast imaging as it relates to the primary care physician. The mechanism, factors affecting image quality, basics of interpretation guidelines, and the uses and contraindications for this technique are explored. In addition, studies exploring the use of MRI in various areas of breast imaging are presented. It is hoped that the reader will become knowledgeable in the current utility of the tool as it relates to breast imaging.
Current Developments In Adenovirus-Based Cancer Gene Therapy (2006)

Adenovirus (Ad)-based cancer gene therapy is a promising, novel approach for treating cancer resistant to established treatment modalities. Unfortunately, the efficacy of nonreplicative first generation Ads was low and data from clinical trials were disappointing. To address this problem, conditionally replicating Ads have been constructed. Infection of tumor cells with conditionally replicating Ads results in tumor-specific replication, subsequent oncolysis and release of the virus progeny. Recently, it has been suggested that the low expression of the coxsackie-Ad receptor is the rate-limiting factor for infectivity with serotype 5 (Ad5). Unfortunately, coxsackie-Ad receptor expression is highly variable and often low on many tumor types. Consequently, molecular strategies have been applied for the development of coxsackie-Ad receptor-independent oncolytic Ads. This review describes recent developments of Ad-based cancer gene therapy, including novel engineering techniques of the Ad capsid for efficient tumor targeting, as well as targeting techniques, to restrict transgene expression to cancer cells.
Effect of Nb Doping on Highly {100}-Textured PZT Films Grown on CSD-Prepared PbTiO<sub>3</sub> Seed Layers (2011)

Effect of Nb doping in the range of 0∼4 at% on 1 μm thick highly {100}-textured Pb1.1(Zr0.52,Ti0.48)O3 films has been investigated. Texturing of {100} as high as 97% is obtained for all the films due to the incorporation of a few nanometers thick Pb1.05TiO3 seeding layer. Overall, maximum polarization, remanent polarization, squareness, and coercivity decrease with Nb doping level. The PZT film with 3% Nb shows the maximum effective transverse piezoelectric coefficient −e 31,f of 12.9 C/cm2, which is 5∼15% higher than those films with other doping levels.