gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Développement de guides d'ondes planaires de TiO2 optiquement actifs pour biopuces à ondes évanescentes (2009)

Fluorescence microarrays are used in molecular biology and for diagnostic. Usually, only « end-point » signals are considered but real-time measurements give access to additional precious data. Using fluorescence microarrays, such experiments are limited by the fluorescence of the hybridization mix concentrated in labeled target molecules. To reduce this background, a strategy consists into exciting selectively the surface using guided waves confined within the substrate. Best performances correspond to thin optical planar waveguides with a background reduction factor of 103 and an increase of the excitation irradiance by a factor of 104 due to confinement effects. For such systems, the main issue of concern is the complexity of the guided wave coupling set-up. In this work, we propose a simpler, innovative and effective way by doping the waveguide itself with a fluorophore. First, we develop a low temperature sol-gel process to elaborate planar waveguides with high refractive index and low optical losses. Then, an europium complex is incorporated in the waveguides for the evanescent wave coupling. Corresponding films have good optical properties and high absorption rates. The guided fluorescence of the doping molecules allows the excitation of biological spots proving the feasibility of this coupling system. The excitation is homogeneous with sensitivity similar to conventional geometry. Finally, surface functionalization was investigated to bind biomolecules on the surface. The final system was used for biological experiments in the presence of a fluorescent hybridization mix. A significant reduction of the background was observed compared to conventional geometry.
Bimetallic thermal resists potential for double-exposure immersion lithography and grayscale photomasks (2007)

Double exposure/patterning is considered the best candidate for extending 195nm optical lithography below 40nm resolution. However, double exposure techniques require a resist where the exposures do not add linearly to produce the final result. A class of negative thermal resists that show this effect are bimetallic thin-films consisting of Bi/In or Sn/In. The films are bi-layered structured until sufficiently heated by a laser exposure pulse (7 mJ/sq. cm for 4 nsec). Experiments with interference lithography at 266nm in air demonstrated that Bi/In resists have a resolution limit <42nm, the exposure system limit. As a first investigation into the resist's potential for immersion lithography, the response of bimetallic resists to immersion lithography was examined. The Sn/In film used demonstrated successful development as thermal resist for immersion exposures and the power level required to convert the film was only slightly higher than the level required for exposing the film in air. Bimetallic films have demonstrated transmittances <0.1% when unexposed and >60% when highly exposed to an Argon laser, enabling their application as grayscale photomasks. However, direct laser-writing of the photomasks causes fine variations in their transparency due to the laser beam's Gaussian power profile. To correct this problem, a beam-shaping mask was designed to manipulate the power profile of the laser. To help measure mask transparency at a resolution suitable for characterizing a photomask, two photodiode sensors were added to the writing system. The profiling ability offered by the modified system allows the use of test structures 100x smaller then previously required.
Extraction of Actinides and Lanthanides by Supercritical Fluid (2010)

Abstract Reprocessing of used nuclear fuel and nuclear waste management are important issues for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. It is necessary to develop novel nuclear waste treatment technologies to meet the goal of minimizing the secondary liquid waste. Supercritical fluids are considered green solvents in chemical engineering process. Moreover, extraction of metal ions by supercritical fluid is achieved. It gains growing interest to treat nuclear waste using supercritical fluid extraction recently because it can greatly decrease the secondary liquid waste with high radioactivity. During the past 2 decades, extraction of actinides and lanthanides by supercritical fluid has been intensively studied in many countries, and many important progresses have been made. However, the prospect of industrial application of supercritical fluid extraction technology in nuclear waste management is still unclear. In this paper, extraction of actinides and lanthanides from various matrices or from their oxides by supercritical fluid including the experimental results, extraction mechanism, and kinetic process was reviewed. The engineering demonstration projects were introduced. The trend of industrial application of supercritical fluid extraction technology in nuclear waste management was also discussed.
On the laws which govern the general distribution of heat over the Earth, and on Brewster's neutral point (1867)

ART. VITI.-On the Laws which govern the general distributzon ofHeat over the Earth i
Effects of pelvic nerve neurectomy and estrogen on the M2 muscarinic receptor of the urinary bladder. (2005)

Pelvic nerve denervation has a synergetic effect on the estrogen-induced down regulation of M2 receptor immunoreactive cells in the urinary bladder.
Impacts of Bleaching and Packed Column Steam Refining on Cocoa Butter Properties (2007)

Abstract Natural and alkalized cocoa butters were bleached and subsequently steam refined in a continuous packed column at temperatures ranging between 160 and 220 °C. None of the processes evaluated gave rise to any detectable formation of trans fatty acids, interesterification or polymerization. For the pressures and steam injection rates used, packed‐column steam refining required a minimum temperature of 170 °C to achieve acceptable taste. Bleaching was highly effective in preventing darkening at high steam‐refining temperatures, as well as in removing alkaloids, such as theobromine and caffeine, before steam refining. The impacts on the crystallization properties of cocoa butter were studied using DSC and P‐NMR. The more significant changes in crystallization kinetics and equilibrium values can be reliably predicted on the basis of FFA removal from the butter.
Impact of an effective tongue cleaner- A randomized double-blind, parallel design study (2013)

Introduction : In order to remove tongue biofilm and improve breath odor, specific instruments(tongue scrapers) or toothbrushes are used. Material & Methods: This study compared the effectiveness of a manual toothbrush that has atongue scraper on the back of its head and two commercially available tongue scrapers in reducingthe tongue coating and aerobic and anaerobic microbiota of the tongue dorsum. A randomized,negative controlled, double-blind, parallel design study for three different treatment interventionswas conducted. Results: All tongue cleaners showed a significant reduction in Winkel's tongue coating scoreswith significant values of reduction (p 1) of anaerobic bacterial count reported with plastic andmetal tongue scraper when compared to brush scraper. Conclusion: There was an effective reduction of bacterial load on tongue dorsum with the useof tongue cleaners, with maximum load reduction by using plastic tongue cleaners.
Reexamination of the presence and linkage of 3-hydroxybutyryl substituents in the acidic capsular polysaccharide of Rhizobium trifolii 0403 (1987)

We resolved previous conflicting results concerning the presence of 3-hydroxybutyryl substituents on the extracellular acidic polysaccharide from Rhizobium trifolii 0403. These substituents were indeed present in the polysaccharide and in the oligosaccharide fragments obtained by hydrogen fluoride solvolysis of the extracellular and capsular polysaccharides of the bacteria grown on plates. The 3-hydroxybutyrate substituent could be removed from the polysaccharide by 10 mM sodium deuteroxide without evidence of elimination, indicating that this substituent was ester linked.
The Immunogenicity of Peptoid-Protein Conjugates (2016)

We demonstrate that a peptoid composed of five monomers and attached <i>via</i> a maleimide linker to a carrier protein elicits anti-peptoid, anti-linker and anti-carrier antibodies in rabbits. Specific anti-peptoid antibodies were affinity purified and used to reproducibly retrieve three specific peptoid-coupled beads from 20,000 irrelevant peptoid-beads using magnetic screening.
The Influence of the Si-H<sub>2</sub> Bond on the Light-Induced Effect in a-Si Films and a-Si Solar Cells (1989)

The influence of the Si-H 2 bond on light-induced degradation and the thermal recovery of a-Si films and a-Si solar cells were studied. The influence of the Si-H 2 bond on light-induced degradation depends on the impurity content in a-Si films, and light-induced degradation can be reduced by decreasing the Si-H 2 bond density in a-Si films with impurity content of 10 18 cm -3 . The activation energy of the thermal recovery process was about 1.0 eV, and it did not depend on the Si-H 2 bond density. However, an irreversible phenomenon was observed in film properties and solar cell characteristics with high Si-H 2 bond density. It is thought that the structural flexibility of the Si-H 2 bond is related to this irreversible phenomenon.
Clinical spectrum of <i>SCN2A</i> mutations expanding to Ohtahara syndrome (2013)

Our study confirmed that SCN2A mutations are an important genetic cause of OS. Given the wide clinical spectrum associated with SCN2A mutations, genetic testing for SCN2A should be considered for children with different epileptic conditions.
Analyzing a Quality Function Deployment Matrix: An Expert System-based Approach to Identify Inconsistencies and Opportunities (1998)

Identification of a need or a deficiency triggers conceptual system design. The first step in conceptual design is to analyze and translate the need or deficiency into specific qualitative and quantitative customer and design requirements. Design methods such as quality function deployment (QFD), parameter taxonomies and input/output matrices provide a useful framework for this translation. Well defined and unambiguous requirements enhance communications and can potentially reduce the number of 'detours' during subsequent design and development phases. However, imprecision and vagueness characterize the conceptual design phase. To accommodate imprecision, the QFD method and the concept selection methodology, initially proposed by Pugh, have been modified and extended by applying concepts from fuzzy set theory. The extended approach provides a rigorous yet graceful mechanism for dealing with imprecise requirements, priorities and correlations as prerequisites to concept selection. This technical paper presents an expert system-based extension to the fuzzy QFD methodology. Emphasis is on the: (a) identification of strategic market and product opportunities, (b) identification of applied research focus areas and (c) isolation of inconsistencies between customer articulation of functional requirements and the definition of system requirements and parameter target values. An expert system-based parser has been embedded within the fuzzy QFD tool to facilitate strategic product planning, early design decision-making and parameter target setting.
The Cambridge Backbone Ring (2002)

An experimental ring communication network, the Cambridge Backbone Ring, for integrated computer data, voice, and real-time video applications is described. The network is aimed as a backbone facility for interconnecting groups of Cambridge Fast Ring (CFR) networks in the Cambridge area. Media access control is through the empty slot technique, with transmitting stations filling multiple slots each ring revolution. The network operates on monomode optical fiber and is designed for an eventual line rate of 1000 Mb/s. In the backbone ring architecture, the bandwidth of the fiber-optic channel can be partitioned into a number (currently four) of time division multiplexing (TDM) channels. This enables stations of varying cost and bandwidth to be attached to one network, parameterized by the number of channels a station can use concurrently. The backbone ring architecture achieves full connectivity, even with the simplest type of station. Some brief traffic simulation results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discerning Customers Demand More than Service Quality (1994)

Explores the concept of “licence to operate”. Argues that company stakeholders (e.g. customers, job‐seekers, investors and employees) are increasingly having the power and influence to shape the impact business has on society. To retain their “licence to operate” companies will have to undertake a social audit to ensure that they fulfil their social, employment, environmental and community responsibilities.
Digital Generation of Linearly Modulated Data Waveforms (1975)

A frequency domain analysis of the digital generation of linearly modulated data waveforms is presented. It is shown that for any rational relation of line carrier frequency and digit frequency, digital data transmitters can be designed economically and adapted to large scale integration (LSI) techniques. Special attention is given to the elimination of digital multipliers throughout the system. The results are illustrated with an example of an all-digital vestigialsideband (VSB) transmitter, with a specially shaped output spectrum which facilitates carrier and clock recovery in the receiver.
Median RED algorithm for congestion control (2004)

The paper focuses on the queue size estimation problem in random early detection (RED) gateways. Queue size estimation plays a critical role in gateways' packet dropping/marking decisions. Conventional RED gateways use exponentially weighted moving averages (EWMA) to estimate the queue size. These IIR filters require very small weights in order to avoid nonlinear instabilities and accommodate transient congestion. Small weights, however, lead to failure of gateways to track rapid queue size depletion closely and thus causes link under utilization. We use adaptive weighted median filters for queue size estimation and study the corresponding queue dynamics. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides better stability in queue dynamics, greater network power, less global synchronization, and a fairer treatment to bursty traffic than the RED algorithm.
Nitazoxanide Use as Part of an Empiric Multi-Drug Regimen in Treating Children with Suspected Helicobacter pylori Infection (2015)

Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium found in the human stomach, is often present in patients with chronic gastritis. Traditional treatment for H. pylori infection includes metronidazole or clarithromycin, both being associated with development of resistance. In this retrospective report, we describe our clinical experience using a multi-drug treatment regimen for pediatric H. pylori that included nitazoxanide, a newer nitrothiazole benzamide compound used in treating intestinal protozoa infections. Charts were identified for patients who were treated between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2013 with an ICD-9-CM code 041.86 (H. pylori) and who underwent elective endoscopy. All patients were exposed to nitazoxanide for 3 days plus azithromycin, and cefixime (or another 3rd-generation oral cephalosporin) for 7-10 days, plus a proton pump inhibitor for 30 days. The clinical cure criteria were predefined. There were 127 individual occurrences or cases identified for inclusion in the review, with 111 occurrences meeting the inclusion criteria. The success rate or clinical cure for the new therapy combination prescribed as defined prior to the chart review was 99 out of 111 cases (89.2%). There were no serious adverse events observed or reported during the treatment of any patient. Approximately 10% of patient charts reflected minor complaints of nausea, vomiting or abdominal cramps during the time of active drug therapy. Nitazoxanide appears to be an effective and well-tolerated option for use in combination with other agents to treat H. pylori-induced gastritis.
Practical improvements of writing and reading algorithm in computer-generated polarization holography (1978)

This paper reports on a newly developed algorithm for improving the previously reported basic theory of computer-generated polarization holography. An application of the algorithm to the basic theory shortens the hologram making time, which uses a limited quantity energy of an illuminating uv spot light. A relation between a polarization angle of the illuminating uv beam and an effective amplitude transmittance Tp of a crystal-analyzer pair is derived. Furthermore, a method for correcting an effect of the pre-existing unbalance of the degree of the density balance of M-centers in a binary state is proposed. Also, the theory of the method is theoretically discussed in detail together with a derivation of the theta vs Tp curves characteristic of this case.
Guaranteeing testability in re-encoding for low power (1997)

This paper considers the testability implications of low power design methodologies. Low power and high testability are shown to be highly contrasting requirements, and an optimization algorithm is proposed, which is able to explore the trade-off between them. The algorithm is based on a newly proposed power estimation function, and on an estimate of the expected rest length of a pseudo-random rest session. Given these estimates a Genetic Algorithm, exploiting some symbolic computations with BDDs, provides a state reencoding for the circuit. The algorithm is experimental shown both to provide good results from the power optimization point of view, and to be able to sacrifice, on the designer's request, some of the power and area optimization in favor of testability improvement.
Gaining the UK's competitive advantage through Foresight (1994)

150 years ago the UK was the industrial engine of the world. Even 100 years ago this lead was slipping away to countries like Germany and the USA. During the next 50 years the whole of Europe will be matched in industrial output by countries like China. The UK, then, is already only part of a continent which itself will be matched by others. Here, the author discusses how the UK, as a nation, can maintain its position in the world, and indeed what its position is. He argues that the most important question faced is: how can the UK continue to create wealth while at the same time improve or at least maintain its quality of life?
Isomerization and hydrogenolysis of 1,3-dioxacycloalkanes on metal catalysts (1981)

The isomerization of 5-, 6-, and 7-membered 1,3-dioxacycloalkanes to esters on various metal catalysts is reported, the hydrogenolysis pattern for this type of compound is determined, and a new reaction mechanism is proposed to interpret these catalytic processes.
Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate: A Review of Clinical Uses (2017)

Although not always the most effective method of treatment in off-label usage, use of STS has been frequently selected for a variety of applications for reasons of simplicity, low cost, lack of availability of technologically advanced equipment, and intricacies related to anatomic location.
Perspective Application of Passive Optical Network with Optimized Bus Topology (2012)

Passive optical networks (PONs) represent a promising solution for modern access telecommunication networks. These networks are able to meet the increasing demands on transmission rate for demanding multimedia services, while they can offer typical shared transmission speed of 1.25 or 2.5 Gbps. The major role in deploying optical distribution networks ODNs plays the maximum attenuable loss, which is caused mainly by passive optical splitters. This paper proposes an innovative application of passive optical networks with optimized bus topology especially for local backbone data networks. Due to using only passive components, it is necessary to optimize certain parameters, especially an overall attenuation balance. Considering the possibility of such optimization, the passive optical network with optimized bus topology provides several interesting opportunities for specific applications. This paper will present selected aspects of passive optical networks and splitters with asymmetric splitting ratio. The essential part is focused on the practical demonstration of their use to optimize the passive optical network with bus topology, which acts as a local backbone network for structured cabling systems, and for local data networks in large buildings.
Personal VAD: Speaker-Conditioned Voice Activity Detection (2019)

In this paper, we propose "personal VAD", a system to detect the voice activity of a target speaker at the frame level. This system is useful for gating the inputs to a streaming on-device speech recognition system, such that it only triggers for the target user, which helps reduce the computational cost and battery consumption, especially in scenarios where a keyword detector is unpreferable. We achieve this by training a VAD-alike neural network that is conditioned on the target speaker embedding or the speaker verification score. For each frame, personal VAD outputs the probabilities for three classes: non-speech, target speaker speech, and non-target speaker speech. Under our optimal setup, we are able to train a model with only 130K parameters that outperforms a baseline system where individually trained standard VAD and speaker recognition networks are combined to perform the same task.
Structural basis for the guanine nucleotide-binding activity of tissue transglutaminase and its regulation of transamidation activity (2002)

Tissue transglutaminase (TG) is a Ca2+-dependent acyltransferase with roles in cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and other biological functions. In addition to being a transamidase, TG undergoes a GTP-binding/GTPase cycle even though it lacks any obvious sequence similarity with canonical GTP-binding (G) proteins. Guanine nucleotide binding and Ca2+ concentration reciprocally regulate TG's transamidation activity, with nucleotide binding being the negative regulator. Here we report the x-ray structure determined to 2.8-A resolution of human TG complexed with GDP. Although the transamidation active site is similar to those of other known transglutaminases, the guanine nucleotide-binding site of TG differs markedly from other G proteins. The structure suggests a structural basis for the negative regulation of transamidation activity by bound nucleotide, and the positive regulation of transamidation by Ca2+.
Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy (2017)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment strategy for malignant and nonmalignant lesions. 5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is used as a precursor of the photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), in dermatology and urology. However, the effectiveness of ALA-PDT is limited by the relatively poor bioavailability of ALA and rapid conversion of PpIX to haem. The main goal of this study was to prepare and investigate a library of single conjugates designed to coadminister the bioactive agents ALA and hydroxypyridinone (HPO) iron chelators. A significant increase in intracellular PpIX levels was observed in all cell lines tested when compared to the administration of ALA alone. The higher PpIX levels observed using the conjugates correlated well with the observed phototoxicity following exposure of cells to light. Passive diffusion appears to be the main mechanism for the majority of ALA-HPOs investigated. This study demonstrates that ALA-HPOs significantly enhance phototherapeutic metabolite formation and phototoxicity.