gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Offline testing of the ATHENA Hypertension decision support system knowledge base to improve the accuracy of recommendations. (2006)

ATHENA-HTN is a clinical decision support system (CDSS) that delivers guideline-based patient-specific recommendations about hypertension management at the time of clinical decision-making. The ATHENA-HTN knowledge is stored in a knowledge-base (KB). Changes in best-practice recommendations require updates to the KB. We describe a method of offline testing to evaluate the accuracy of recommendations generated from the KB. A physician reviewed 100 test cases and made drug recommendations based on guidelines and the "Rules" (descriptions of encoded knowledge). These drug recommendations were compared to those generated by ATHENA-HTN. Nineteen drug-recommendation discrepancies were identified: ATHENA-HTN was more complete in generating recommendations (15); ambiguities in the Rules misled the physician (3); and content in the Rules was not encoded (1). Three new boundaries were identified. Three updates were made to the KB based on the results. The offline testing method was successful in identifying areas for KB improvement and led to improved accuracy of guideline-based recommendations.
Effect of Dietary Calcium on Tibial Dyschondroplasia. Interaction with Light, Cholecalciferol, 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, Protein, and Synthetic Zeolite (1992)

A series of experiments was conducted to investigate interactions of dietary calcium levels with ultraviolet light, cholecalciferol (D3), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3], dietary protein, and a synthetic zeolite on the development of tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers. A basal diet low in calcium, high in phosphorus and chloride, and known to promote a high incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia was used. The chicks received ultraviolet radiation from fluorescent lights in addition to 1,100 ICU/kg (27.5 micrograms/kg) of D3 in the basal diet when these were not experimental variables. Regardless of whether the calcium level was low (.65%) or adequate (.95%), the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia was significantly lower in chicks receiving ultraviolet radiation or dietary vitamin D3 levels well above the required amounts. The addition of 10 micrograms/kg of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to the diet when calcium levels varied from .45 to .95% resulted in a reduction in the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia and increased tibial bone ash when dietary protein levels were 18 or 22%. The addition of 1% synthetic zeolite to the diet did not influence the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia when the diet contained widely varying dietary calcium levels (.65 to 1.81%) and .73% phosphorus.
LMI-based Lipschitz Observer Design with Application in Fault Diagnosis (2006)

The problem of fault detection and diagnosis in the class of nonlinear Lipschitz systems is considered. An observer-based approach offering extra degrees of freedom over classical Lipschitz observers is introduced. This freedom is used for the sensor faults diagnosis problem with the objective to make the residual converge to the faults vector achieving detection and estimation at the same time. The use of appropriate weightings to solve this problem in a standard convex optimization framework is also demonstrated. A LMI design procedure solvable using commercially available software is presented
LABORATORY EVOLUTION OF POSTPONED SENESCENCE IN<i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i> (1984)

Journal Article LABORATORY EVOLUTION OF POSTPONED SENESCENCE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER Get access Michael R. Rose Michael R. Rose Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada B3H 4J1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Evolution, Volume 38, Issue 5, 1 September 1984, Pages 1004–1010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00370.x Published: 01 September 1984 Article history Received: 24 May 1983 Revision received: 31 December 1983 Published: 01 September 1984
Beyond Graphene: Progress in Novel Two-Dimensional Materials and van der Waals Solids (2015)

Interest in 2D materials and van der Waals solids is growing exponentially across various scientific and engineering disciplines owing to their fascinating electrical, optical, chemical, and thermal properties. Whereas the micromechanical exfoliation technique has been adopted for rapid material characterization and demonstration of innovative device ideas based on these 2D systems, significant advances have recently been made in large-scale homogeneous and heterogeneous growth of these materials. This review reflects recent progress and outlines future prospects of these novel 2D materials. We provide a holistic overview of the different synthesis and characterization techniques, electronic and photonic device characteristics, and catalytic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides and their heterostructures. We also comment on the challenges that need to be overcome for full-scale commercial implementation of this novel class of layered materials.
A multi-FPGA prototype of a DS1/HDSL synchronizer and desynchronizer prior to ASIC fabrication (2002)

As the speed and complexity of today's ASICs continues to grow, conventional prototyping techniques for algorithm verification begin to break down. A novel implementation of DS1/HDSL synchronizer and desynchronizer utilizing an array of four FPGA devices to verify algorithm performances prior to ASIC fabrication is described. The utilization of FPGA devices for ASIC prototyping can significantly reduce the risk, cost, and time-to-market involved with complex ASIC devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE PLASMA INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND IN DIABETES MELLITUS (1967)

ABSTRACT Plasma insulin concentration was measured during a standardized glucose infusion test (GIT) in 85 healthy subjects with a normal glucose tolerance and in 28 patients with manifest diabetes mellitus or decreased glucose tolerance. Each test was evaluated with the aid of an analogue computer model, and parameters characterizing different parts of the insulin curve during GIT were obtained. Large variations existed in all parameter values both in the normal and diabetic groups, and the overlapping between the two groups was considerable. In 15 out of 85 healthy subjects the plasma insulin response during GIT was of the diabetic type as judged from the frequency distribution of the computer parameters (low values). The similarity was still more striking when the characteristics of the insulin curves in these 15 subjects were compared with those in patients with mild diabetes or with a decreased glucose tolerance only. It is postulated that this type of low insulin response reflects a derangement of the release of insulin into the circulation, and that it marks an alteration which probably is a prerequisite for the development of diabetes mellitus. In this sense, these subjects may be considered to be potential diabetics.
Effect of non‐selective, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 selective inhibitors on the PFA‐100 closure time (2004)

The place of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the peri-operative period remains under discussion. Due to the absence of COX-2 in platelets, the risk of bleeding in patients who use selective NSAIDs is thought to be decreased. We studied the influence of aspirin, diclofenac, lornoxicam and rofecoxib on the in vitro bleeding time using the platelet function analyser (PFA-100). The PFA-100 simulates the process of platelet adhesion and aggregation after vascular injury in vitro. Measurements in 43 volunteers were performed at three time points: before, 3 h, and 12 h after oral ingestion of one of the randomly assigned study medications. Aspirin, diclofenac and lornoxicam had a significant effect on the in vitro closure time, while rofecoxib did not show this effect. This supports the use of COX-2 selective drugs in the peri-operative period to minimise the risk of bleeding.
LCFS Queuing for Real-time Audio-Visual Services in Packet Networks (1997)

Creatinine is an amino acid derived from creatine catabolism at different steps of the body's organs, and its detection is significant because levels out of normal values are linked to some diseases like kidney failure. Normal concentration levels of creatinine in blood are from 45 to 110 μM, while in urine, typical concentrations range between 3.3 to 27 mM, and in saliva from 8.8 and 26.5 μM. Nowadays, the creatinine detection is carried through different spectroscopic-colorimetric methods; however, the resulting values present errors due to high interferences, delayed analysis, and poor stability. Electrochemical sensors have been an alternative to creatinine detection, and the electrochemical methods have been adapted to detect in enzymatic and non-enzymatic sensors, the latter being more relevant in recent years. Nanomaterials have made creatinine sensors more stable, sensitive, and selective. This review presents recent advances in creatinine electrochemical sensors for advances in point-of-care (POC) sensing devices, comprising both a materials point of view and prototypes for advanced sensing. The effect of the metal, particle size, shape and other morphological and electronic characteristics of nanomaterials are discussed in terms of their impact on the effective detection of creatinine. In addition, the application of nanomaterials in POC devices is revised pointing to practical applications and looking for more straightforward and less expensive devices to manufacture.
Older people and their families: Rethinking the social work task? (2000)

Abstract The place of aged care in social work has long been ambiguous, if not marginal. Social work (as do other comparable professions) often displays a reluctance to place practice in this field within the core of the profession that embodies aspects of ageism in contemporary society. Working with older people is frequently characterised as ‘mundane’, ‘routine’ and even ‘not “real” social work’. This paper examines the practice implications of the current policy context. Forms of ‘indirect’ practice are identified as central to social work in aged care, and the implications of this for the standing of aged care social work in the wider profession are discussed. It is argued that ‘indirect’ practices are core to the development of the profession and so should be seen as ‘real’ social work. In conclusion, it is suggested that unless social work affirms practice with older people and their families we will fail to be congruent with our own values.
The Role of Input and Interaction in Second Language Acquisition (2010)

By explaining the definition of input and interaction hypothesis, the paper elaborates the theory that both input and interactional modifications facilitate second language acquisition. Key words : input; interaction; comprehensible input; modification Resume : En expliquant la definition de l'input et l'hypothese de l'interaction, l'article elabore une theorie selon laquelle l'input et des modifications d'interaction peuvent faciliter l'acquisition d'une deuxieme langue. Mots-Cles: input; interaction; input comprehensible; modification
Stimulated Emission by Current Injection from an AlGaN/GaN/GaInN Quantum Well Device (1995)

Quantum well structures composed of GaInN well and GaN barrier were fabricated. Room-temperature stimulated emission by pulsed current injection is observed from group III nitride using the very thin active layer, for the first time.
A 62mW stereo class-G headphone driver with 108dB dynamic range and 600&#x00B5;A/channel quiescent current (2013)

Mobile and portable devices like smartphones and tablets require headphone drivers that consume the lowest possible levels of quiescent current while operating directly from available battery voltages. Key headphone performance parameters for these devices are high dynamic range, high output power and low pop-and-click noise. This paper demonstrates a class-G headphone driver with 600μA/channel quiescent current that operates over a 2.95 to 4.5V supply range, which is compatible with Li-Ion batteries. This headphone driver achieves 108dB dynamic range, 62mW output power and 50μV pop-and-click noise.
Ribonucleotide reductase from calf thymus. Purification and properties (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRibonucleotide reductase from calf thymus. Purification and propertiesYlva Engstroem, Staffan Eriksson, Lars Thelander, and Margareta AkermanCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 14, 2941–2948Publication Date (Print):July 10, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 10 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00581a004https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00581a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations129LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Transcendental Irish Republic: The Dream of Diaspora (2024)

Irishmen and Irishwomen: In the name of God and of the dead generations from which she receives her old tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us, summons her children to her flag and strikes for freedom.
Effects of Nicotinic Acid Therapy on Plasma High Density Lipoprotein Subfraction Distribution and Composition and on Apolipoprotein A Metabolism (1979)

This report describes the effects of pharmacologic doses (3 g/d) of nicotinic acid on the plasma distribution and chemical composition of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions HDL(2) and HDL(3) and examines the influence of the drug on the metabolism of the major HDL apoproteins, apolipoproteins A-I (ApoA-I) and A-II (Apo-II). The drug lowered plasma cholesterol (15%, P < 0.05) and triglyceride (27%, P < 0.01); the former effect a result of a fall in the amount of cholesterol associated with very low density lipoproteins (31%, P < 0.02) and low density lipoproteins (36%, P < 0.02). Conversely, it raised plasma HDL cholesterol (23%, P < 0.05) and increased (by 345%) the plasma HDL(2):HDL(3) ratio. The latter derived from an absolute increment (646%) in circulating HDL(2), coupled with a fall (47%) in HDL(3). This change was not associated with major alterations in the overall cholesterol (free and esterified), triglyceride, phospholipid, or protein content of the subfractions; however, it was accompanied by substantial changes in their protein composition. In particular, the molar ratio of ApoA-I:ApoA-II in HDL(3) declined from 2.7:1 to 2.1:1 during nicotinic acid treatment.Significant perturbations of ApoA-I and ApoA-II metabolism accompanied the drug-induced HDL subfraction redistribution. Specifically, the plasma concentration of ApoA-I rose by 7% (P < 0.05) because of a decrease in its fractional catabolic rate. Moreover, whereas before treatment 6 and 94% of the plasma ApoA-I circulated with HDL(2) and HDL(3), after commencement of nicotinic acid therapy this distribution became 49 and 51% in HDL(2) and HDL(3), respectively. ApoA-II was found mainly in HDL(3), both before and during nicotinic acid treatment. Administration of the drug caused a 14% reduction in its plasma concentration (P < 0.05), which derived principally from a fall (22%, P < 0.01) in its synthetic rate. These data suggest that the effects of nicotinic acid on the HDL subfraction distribution may be mediated via (a) net transfer of ApoA-I from HDL(3) to HDL(2) and (b) a reduction in ApoA-II synthesis. Our present understanding of the association between HDL and atherosclerosis indicates that such changes may have prophylactic value in the prevention of coronary artery disease.
Poly(4‐Vinylpyridine) as Novel Organic Phase for RP‐HPLC. Unique Selectivity for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (2003)

Abstract Subsidiary weak interaction such as π–π interaction shows us unique separation even in RP‐HPLC. This communication shows the first example that poly(4‐vinylpyridine) on silica provides extremely large selectivity with specificity for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in methanol–water as a mobile phase. It also describes that the selectivity mode does not always obey those in conventional π‐electron‐containing stationary phases.
Design of a 60-V 10-A intelligent power switch using standard cells (1992)

A small, low-cost, intelligent power switch (IPS) for use in automotive applications is described. The chip integrates a 60-V 30-m Omega power device with a comprehensive set of protection functions using a mixed-voltage standard cell methodology and only 11 mask layers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Emerging Trends in Dietary Components for Preventing and Combating Disease (2012)

Polymethoxyflavones (PMF’s) are naturally occurring flavonoids present in Rutaceae family in the Citrus genus. Due to the potential use of PMF’s as a chemopreventive agent and functional food, a rapid reproducible method for large scale isolation is critical. Isolation of PMFs from citrus is a challenging task due to complex sample matrices. Recent advances in chromatographic techniques led to several isolation and identification methods of PMF’s from citrus. The present chapter discusses about the various techniques used for extraction and isolation of PMFs from different citrus species. The identification of these compounds using 1H NMR and 13C NMR is also described.
Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Materials (1995)

Many crystalline and non-crystalline ceramic oxides have now been prepared via the sol-gel method. The most recent exploitation of the Sol-Gel method is the preparation of hybrid organic inorganic materials which can be broadly divided into three types. In Type 1, the porous oxide gel is impregnated with organics to form a nanocomposite. In Type 2, an organic is added to the liquid sol-gel solution as a mixture. After gelation, the organic is trapped in the porous oxide. In Type 3, the organic reacts with the precursors of the sol-gel liquid solution such that after gelation, it is chemically bonded to the inorganic oxide. The properties and structures of these new materials are reviewed in this Chapter.
Natural Synergism of Acid and Lactone Type Mixed Sophorolipids in Interfacial Activities and Cytotoxicities (2009)

Sophorolipids (SLs) naturally produced from Candida bombicola are a mixture of lactonic (SL-lactone) and acidic (SL-acid) sophorosides of 17-L-hydroxydecanoic acid with an SL-lactone:SL-acid ratio of 72:28. SLs are biodegradable low-foaming surfactants with high detergency and hardness-tolerance properties. To analyze the effect of the SL-lactone:SL-acid ratio on these properties, SL-LXs containing X% SL-lactone, in which X varied from 0 to 100, were prepared and their interfacial activities and cytotoxicities examined. The minimum surface tension values for all SLs examined were comparable. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was 680 mg/L for SL-L0 and 62-110 mg/L for the other SLs. Interestingly, natural SL (SL-L72) had the lowest surface tension and CMC among all of the SLs examined. The foaming ability and stability of the SLs were dependent on the SL-L content. SL-L0 and L17 had higher foaming values than the other SLs examined in 0-ppm hardness water. These values greatly reduced and became constant when the SL-L content increased over 55%. The detergencies of all of the SLs examined were comparable, except for those of SL-L0 and SL-L100, which were slightly lower than those of the other SLs. These results suggest that natural synergism between SLs creates a better balance for many interfacial activities. The cytotoxicity of SL-L72 was higher than that of SL-L0, but was comparable to that of surfactin, which is commercially available for cosmetic use. The low cytotoxicities and high interfacial properties of SLs increase their usefulness as biocompatible surface active agents for many applications.
Polyfluoroalkyl derivatives of silicon. Part XIV. Reaction of trichlorosilane with 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 2-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetra- fluoropropene (1975)

Photochemical reaction of trichlorosilane with 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene gives trichloro(2-fluoro-1-trifluoromethyl)silane and trichloro(1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)silane (ratio 37 : 13), together with telomeric material. Similarly 2-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene affords a mixture of trichloro(2-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)-silane and the reduced compound trichloro(1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)silane (ratio 7 : 3) in high yield. Treatment of trichloro(2-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)silane with quinoline yields mainly cis-and trans-trichloro(1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropenyl)silane and a lesser amount of cis- and trans-trichloro(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl)silane. This olefin mixture when fluorinated with antimony trifluoride gives a mixture of the trifluorosilyl analogues which is stable to 350 °C in vacuo.
Saposin C Coupled Lipid Nanovesicles Specifically Target Arthritic Mouse Joints for Optical Imaging of Disease Severity (2012)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 1% of the population and is characterized by cartilage and bone destruction ultimately leading to loss of joint function. Early detection and intervention of disease provides the best hope for successful treatment and preservation of joint mobility and function. Reliable and non-invasive techniques that accurately measure arthritic disease onset and progression are lacking. We recently developed a novel agent, SapC-DOPS, which is composed of the membrane-associated lysosomal protein saposin C (SapC) incorporated into 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DOPS) lipid nanovesicles. SapC-DOPS has a high fusogenic affinity for phosphatidylserine-enriched microdomains on surfaces of target cell membranes. Incorporation of a far-red fluorophore, CellVue Maroon (CVM), into the nanovesicles allows for in vivo non-invasive visualization of the agent in targeted tissue. Given that phosphatidylserine is present only on the inner leaflet of healthy plasma membranes but is "flipped" to the outer leaflet upon cell damage, we hypothesized that SapC-DOPS would target tissue damage associated with inflammatory arthritis due to local surface-exposure of phosphatidylserine. Optical imaging with SapC-DOPS-CVM in two distinct models of arthritis, serum-transfer arthritis (e.g., K/BxN) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) revealed robust SapC-DOPS-CVM specific localization to arthritic paws and joints in live animals. Importantly, intensity of localized fluorescent signal correlated with macroscopic arthritic disease severity and increased with disease progression. Flow cytometry of cells extracted from arthritic joints demonstrated that SapC-DOPS-CVM localized to an average of 7-8% of total joint cells and primarily to CD11b+Gr-1+ cells. Results from the current studies strongly support the application of SapC-DOPS-CVM for advanced clinical and research applications including: detecting early arthritis onset, assessing disease progression real-time in live subjects, and providing novel information regarding cell types that may mediate arthritis progression within joints.