gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MENINGEAL WORM EVOKES A HETEROGENEOUS IMMUNE RESPONSE IN ELK (1998)

Meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) is a neurotropic nematode of ungulates in eastern North America. Lack of an effective diagnostic test increases the concern of translocating potentially infected ungulates into western North America, where P. tenuis does not occur naturally. In an attempt to identify serodiagnostic molecules, we determined (1) whether elk (Cervus elaphus) experimentally infected with P. tenuis produce antibodies against infective larvae or adult worms, and (2) if sera consistently recognize antigens that distinguish P. tenuis from a common nematode parasite of elk, the lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus. Each of 10 elk were exposed to 15 or 300 infective P. tenuis larvae. Serum was collected (0, 41, and 83 days post-exposure and at necropsy) and monitored for antibodies using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot. When reactivity of sera with larval P. tenuis protein was compared (day 0 versus 83), ELISA values were significantly higher on day 83 for elk exposed to 15 or 300 parasites. Likewise, ELISA values using protein of adult P. tenuis were higher for elk exposed to 300 larvae. Immunoblots showed that sera from elk, with adult worms in the central nervous system, consistently recognized the 25-27, 28-30, and 34-36 kDa antigens of infective larvae after 83 days. However, many D. viviparus molecules were found to cross-react with antibodies formed against meningeal worm antigens. Use of adult worm proteins for serodiagnosis appears limited, because no protein was consistently recognized by sera collected from elk exposed to 15 larvae. We believe that development of a reliable diagnostic test for meningeal worm requires more research addressing cross-reactivity and detection of P. tenuis during the incubation stage.
Growth Regulators' Effect on Crested Wheatgrass Forage Yield and Quality (1989)

If crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.] could be maintained in an immature growth stage, it would improve forage quality and thus extend the grazing season. In 1981 and 1982, plant growth regulators were applied to crested wheatgrass 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after first floral primordium initiation to determine which compound, date, and rate of application would maximize forage quality yet minimize reduction of forage yield when harvested at seed ripe stage. Mefluidide [N-(2,4-dimethyl-5-{[(trifluoromethyl)-sulfonyl]amino}phenyl)acetamide] at 4 rates [0.0, 0.28, 0.56, and 0.84 kg/ha active ingredient (a.i.)], maleic hydrazide (MH) (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione) at 4.5 kg/ha a.i., and MH (3.36kg/ha a.i.) plus chlorflurenol (methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate) at 1.12 kg/ha a.i. were applied to crested wheatgrass growing on a Shambo loam (Typic Haploborolls) in northeast Montana. Application of MH or MH plus chlorflurenol generally gave a similar response in heading, forage yield, CP, and in vitro organic matter digestibility on a dry matter basis (IVDOMD) as did melfluidide at 0.56 kg/ha. Mefluidide (0.56 kg/ha) applied 2 weeks after first floral primordium initiation decreased heading 80 and 95%, decreased forage yield 20 and 30%, increased CP 1.7 and 2.3 percentage units, and increased IVDOMD 1.8 to 4.2 percentage units compared to untreated, depending upon year.
Design of error-compensating algorithms for sinusoidal phase shifting interferometry (2009)

An improved approach to interferometry using sinusoidal phase shifting balances several harmonic components in the interference signal against each other. The resulting computationally efficient phase-estimation algorithms have low sensitivity to errors such as spurious intensity noise, vibration, and errors in the phase shift pattern. Specific example algorithms employing 8 and 12 camera frames illustrate design principles that are extendable to algorithms of any length for applications that would benefit from a simplified, sinusoidal phase shift.
A polymerized bovine hemoglobin oxygen carrier preserves regional myocardial function and reduces infarct size after acute myocardial ischemia (2006)

The purpose of this study was to test if HBOC-201, a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution, can decrease infarct size (or Inf) during acute, severe myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. To test the impact of HBOC-201 on infarct size, ischemia was produced in 18 dogs by coronary stenosis to achieve 80-95% flow reduction for 195 min along with pacing 10% above the spontaneous heart rate, followed by 180 min of reperfusion. Animals were randomized to intravenous infusion of HBOC-201 (1 g/kg) (n=6), normal saline (NS) (n=6), or phenylephrine (Phe) (n=6, as a control for the increased blood pressure seen with HBOC-201), given 15 min after the start of ischemia. Amount of infarct was quantified as the ratio between area at risk (AAR) and Inf after Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Hearts were divided into five layers from base (layer A) to apex (layer E) and photographed for digital image analysis of AAR and Inf. Regional myocardial function (RMF) was also measured after 60 min of ischemia and 15 min of reperfusion. Inf/AAR was significantly reduced after HBOC-201 therapy (4.4+/-2.2%) vs. NS (26.0+/-3.6%) and Phe (25.7+/-4.1%) (both, P<0.05). RMF after reperfusion was restored to 92% of baseline with HBOC-201 compared with 11% of baseline after NS (P<0.05) and 49% after Phe (P=not significant). HBOC-201 administration after induction of severe myocardial ischemia by acute coronary stenosis reduces infarct size and improves myocardial viability.
A first step towards a mouse model for hepatitis C virus infection containing a human immune system (2011)

AFC8-hu HSC/Hep mice are a useful model of HCV infection, the immune response, and liver disease, because they contain human immune system and liver cells. These mice become infected with HCV, generate a specific immune response against the virus, and develop liver diseases that include hepatitis and fibrosis. This model might also be used to develop therapeutics for HCV infection.
Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy of Voluntary Grasping Versus Only Conventional Rehabilitation for Patients With Subacute Incomplete Tetraplegia (2011)

FET significantly reduced disability and improved voluntary grasping beyond the effects of considerable conventional upper extremity therapy in individuals with tetraplegia.
Small Molecules Anti-HIV Therapeutics Targeting CXCR4 (2008)

HIV cellular entry is a multistep process that requires the interaction of a viral envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and a host receptor (CD4) followed by binding to a co-receptor. The CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have been identified as the major HIV co-receptors and therefore are promising targets for the development of new anti-HIV drugs. CXCR4 is also involved in several diseases such as angiogenesis, metabolic and neurological disorders, rheumatoid arthritis and in different forms of metastatic cancer. Herein, we present a review focusing on small molecule CXCR4 antagonists. These compounds are divided into 11 classes that include cyclic penta- and tetrapeptides, diketopiperazine mimetics, bicyclams, non-bicyclams, tetrahydroquinolines, thiazolylisothiourea derivatives, benzodiazepines, alkyl amine analogs and non-peptides derivatives, dipicolylamine-zinc(II) complexes, ampelopsin and distamycin analogs. The most advanced CXCR4 antagonists documented are bicyclam derivatives, which are specific CXCR4 antagonists and exhibit potency in the nanomolar range. Further development of selective CXCR4 antagonists continues to be crucial for the design of second generation of anti-HIV drugs. We aim to provide a comprehensive summary of diverse structural templates that could be useful for optimization and discovery of novel CXCR4 antagonists.
GAS COMPRESSION USING TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION (2002)

For a manned mission to Mars, NASA is interested in providing pure carbon dioxide at close to 1 bar to react with hydrogen to form methane and water. The Martian atmosphere is approximately 95% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, and 0.7% other compounds at a pressure of about 0.008 bar. If the carbon dioxide is adsorbed at a low temperature and then the system is closed and heated, the pressure will increase because of both desorption and expansion of the gas. Usually the pressure increase due to desorption will be significantly larger than the gas expansion. By operating adsorption systems in series, significantly higher pressures can be obtained. Several systems were designed at a conceptual level for use on Mars as reliable alternatives to a mechanical compressor. Solar energy will be used for heating. Methods to remove most of the impurities during the compression process are explored.
Timing synchronization for IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN applications (2005)

This letter derives and computes the detection probability of timing synchronization in a wireless personal area network (WPAN) system encountered with a multipath Rayleigh fading channel. The timing synchronization scheme using CAZAC training symbols and correlation techniques is adopted. For measuring system performance, the sync detection probability derived in the considered system is evaluated in a multipath Rayleigh fading channel.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted 2,3-Dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5<i>H</i>)-ones (1999)

A solid-phase route affording novel 3,5-disubstituted 1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-ones in optically pure form has been enabled. SNAr reaction of polymer-bound 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid, 12, with l-Fmoc-cysteine, l-13, under basic conditions, followed by tin(II) chloride mediated nitro group reduction, furnished the primary aniline 15. Reductive alkylation of 15 to the corresponding secondary anilines 17 was shown to be feasible for a wide range of aldehydes, using an optimized solvent system composed of CH(OMe)3, DMF, MeOH, and HOAc, with NaCNBH3 as the reducing agent. In cases of enolizable aldehydes, benzotriazole was found to be a beneficial additive for the suppression of side-products due to imine−enamine tautomerization. Subsequent cyclization of the secondary anilines 17 using DIC in apolar solvents furnished the corresponding N(5)-alkylated 1,5-benzothiazepin-4-ones 19. Following Fmoc removal from 19, the primary amino group was finally reacted with carboxylic acids, isocyanates, sulfonyl chlorides, or aldehydes to afford the respective amides 32, ureas 33, sulfonamides 34, or secondary amines 35. Performing the synthesis with the d-form of Fmoc-cysteine, d-13, resulted in the corresponding antipodal products, with no detectable scrambling at C(3). The solid-phase assembly of 1,5-benzothiazepin-4-ones was also shown to be compatible with chemical encoding based on dialkylamine tags, enabling the construction of large combinatorial libraries of the title compounds.
Discriminating between elderly and young using a fractal dimension analysis of centre of pressure (2004)

The aim of this project was to evaluate the use of a new analysis technique, fractal dimension analysis, for quantification of quiet stance centre of pressure (COP). By using a fractal dimension analysis of COP, it might be possible to gain more information about control during quiet stance than traditional analyses have previously allowed. The current project considered a group of young healthy participants and a group of elderly healthy participants to compare traditional measures of COP against a fractal dimension analysis of COP. Results indicated that both types of analyses are able to distinguish between eyes open and eyes closed in the elderly group. However, the fractal dimension analysis more accurately detected differences between the participant groups when standing with their eyes closed. Based on these results it is suggested that fractal dimension analysis is more informative about posture control than traditional measures. It is suggested that a fractal dimension type of analysis can be incorporated into clinical testing to identify patients with pathologies.
A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible monocantilever 12-point probe for conductivity measurements on the nanoscale (2008)

We present a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible, nanoscale 12-point-probe based on TiW electrodes placed on a SiO2 monocantilever. Probes are mass fabricated on Si wafers by a combination of electron beam and UV lithography, realizing TiW electrode tips with a width down to 250nm and a probe pitch of 500nm. In-air four-point measurements have been performed on indium tin oxide, ruthenium, and titanium-tungsten, showing good agreement with values obtained by other four-point probes. In-vacuum four-point resistance measurements have been performed on clean Bi(111) using different probe spacings. The results show the expected behavior for bulk Bi, indicating that the contribution of electronic surface states to the transport properties is very small.
The Completely Endoscopic Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Report on the First 14 Patients with Early Results (2004)

Totally endoscopic microwave ablation of atrial fibrillation appears to be safe and truly minimally invasive. It is associated with a short length of stay, short procedure time, and acceptable rhythm results. This procedure has the potential to greatly expand the indications for surgery in patients suffering from AF and deserves longer-term investigation.
Conceptual design of smart phone-based public reporting system for unordinary events occuring in streams (2014)

The rapid advancement of smartphone-based technologies in South Korea has introduced new opportunities to administrators responsible for stream water quality monitoring programs. The sensing functionalities of a smartphone can be used as a handheld monitoring and reporting system using the people-centric sensing approach. Unordinary events occuring in stream can be captured and reported by the public using their handheld devices. The instant contextual feedback capability of the smartphone-based system in the form of geolocation, time, user's description and image data will be very useful to the public, authorities and the research communities in the area of water quality management. This paper proposes a conceptual design of smartphone-based public reporting system to inform in ad-hoc of unordinary event occurring in a stream.
A single glass filter with spectral transmittance showing V($\lambda$) characteristics (1974)

A filter glass with unique spectral transmittance properties has been developed. The glass is composed from oxides of Te, W and Pb doped with CuO. It shows reasonable durability and can be used successfully in the photometric field. The sharp cut-off in transmittance towards longer wavelengths, the complete suppression in the near infrared and the width and symmetry of the bandpass offer exciting possibilities. It would now appear possible that a near perfect standard photopic distribution might be obtained by a monofilter.
Measuring effectiveness of malaria control: a simplified method for primary health care. Preliminary report. (1993)

Based on the infant parasite rate where an increasing number of infants become positive for each month of age (until a plateau is reached) a measure is developed using surveillance blood slides of all cases of malaria at the start of the transmission season. The fortnightly PCD returns from the beginning of the malaria transmission season are plotted on log-log paper and the angle the slope of the line makes with the axis is compared with similar results obtained from the intervention. The difference between the angles measures the effectiveness. The measure can be used in places that have a marked seasonal pattern (for all ages). Where immunity is shown to be a factor, only positive children should be utilized. In areas where malaria is not seasonal, the infant parasite rate, using the rate of acquiring infection rather than the overall value, will provide an alternative indicator. This evaluation tool is being tried in seasonal and non-seasonal parts of the world.
Transposition of Tn <i>5367</i> in <i>Mycobacterium marinum</i> , Using a Conditionally Recombinant Mycobacteriophage (2003)

Mycobacterium marinum is a close relative of the obligate human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As with M. tuberculosis, M. marinum causes intracellular infection of poikilothermic vertebrates and skin infection in humans. It is considered a valid model organism for the study of intracellular pathogenesis of mycobacteria. Low transformation efficiencies for this species have precluded approaches using mutant libraries in pathogenesis studies. We have adapted the conditionally replicating mycobacteriophage phAE94, originally developed as a transposon mutagenesis tool for M. tuberculosis, to meet the specific requirements of M. marinum. Conditions permissive for phage replication in M. tuberculosis facilitated highly efficient transposon delivery in M. marinum. Using this technique we succeeded in generating a representative mutant library of this species, and we conclude that TM4-derived mycobacteriophages are temperature-independent suicide vectors for M. marinum.
Data movement optimization for software-controlled on-chip memory (2004)

In order to overcome performance degradation caused by performance disparity between processor and main memory, there have been proposed several new VLSI architectures which have software controlled on-chip memory in addition to the conventional cache. However, users must specify data allocation/replacement on software controlled on-chip memory and data transfer between the on-chip and off-chip memories to achieve higher performance by utilizing on-chip memory. Because such properties are automatically controlled by hardware in conventional caches, a cost of optimization for a program becomes a matter that should be considered. In this paper, we propose an data movement optimization technique for software-controlled on-chip memory. We evaluated the proposed method using two applications. The results reveal that the proposed technique can drastically reduce memory stall cycles and achieve high performance.
Biometrika Centenary: Theory and general methodology (2001)

Journal Article Biometrika Centenary: Theory and general methodology Get access A. C. Davison A. C. Davison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 88, Issue 1, 1 February 2001, Pages 13–52, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/88.1.13 Published: 01 February 2001
Room for optimism (2000)

A MAJOR trust in the south of England has enjoyed great success in advertising for nurses on a regional television station. Seven 'return-to-practice' nurses have responded to the advertisement, 'which was shown 14 times. The trust says this response is more cost- effective than recruiting overseas. Will other trusts follow suit? The NHS has certainly invested an enormous amount of time and money sending staff on recruitment drives abroad over the past year in an attempt to attract nurses to the UK.
Carte d’occasione V (2012)

raccolta di studi di ambito inglese, tedesco e slavo
The evolution of no-cost resistance at sub-MIC concentrations of streptomycin in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> (2017)

At the high concentrations used in medicine, antibiotics exert strong selection on bacterial populations for the evolution of resistance. However, these lethal concentrations may not be representative of the concentrations bacteria face in soil, a recognition that has led to questions of the role of antibiotics in soil environments as well as the dynamics of resistance evolution during sublethal challenge. Here we examine the evolution of resistance to sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of streptomycin in the filamentous soil bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor. First, we show that spontaneous resistance to streptomycin causes an average fitness deficit of ~21% in the absence of drugs; however, these costs are eliminated at concentrations as low as 1/10 the MIC of susceptible strains. Using experimental evolution, we next show that resistance to >MIC levels of streptomycin readily evolves when bacteria are exposed to sub-MIC doses for 500 generations. Furthermore, the resistant clones that evolved at sub-MIC streptomycin concentrations carry no fitness cost. Whole-genome analyses reveal that evolved resistant clones fixed some of the same mutations as those isolated at high drug concentrations; however, all evolved clones carry additional mutations and some fixed mutations that either compensate for costly resistance or have no associated fitness costs. Our results broaden the conditions under which resistance can evolve in nature and suggest that rather than low-concentration antibiotics acting as signals, resistance evolves in response to antibiotics used as weapons.
Microwave and terahertz detection in bundles of single-wall carbon nanotubes (2008)

We present new data on microwave detection in bundles of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In particular, we derive a circuit model based on ANA measurements. We also demonstrate the first terahertz detection (up to 2.54 THz) in bundles of CNTs that were deposited through dielectrophoresis across the smallest gap in log-periodic antennas. Data are given that support the hypothesis that the detection process is bolometric at THz frequencies. Future extensions are planned that will employ suspended CNTs and explore heterodyne detection. Finally, we have performed unique ab initio simulations of CNTs with the aim of comparing these with the experimental data.
Cellular Concentrations and Uniformity of Cell-Type Accumulation of Two Lea Proteins in Cotton Embryos (1993)

James K. Roberts, Noelle A. DeSimone, Wilma L. Lingle, Leon Dure, III, Cellular Concentrations and Uniformity of Cell-Type Accumulation of Two Lea Proteins in Cotton Embryos, The Plant Cell, Vol. 5, No. 7 (Jul., 1993), pp. 769-780
A low‐intermodulation, high‐efficiency harmonic‐controlled amplifier for high‐power applications in mobile communications satellites (1992)

Abstract Recently, research and development of mobile communications satellites has progressed in every country, and the key technologies for improvement have increased the output power and efficiency of solid‐state power amplifiers used in high‐output transponders for satellite payloads and decreased intermodulation distortion during multicarrier amplification. This paper describes the design method and experimental results for a harmonic‐controlled amplifier (HCA) having a theoretical efficiency more than 20 percent higher than existing solid‐state power amplifiers (SSPAs) and with nearly the same amount of intermodulation distortion. The HCA is a new type of SSPA which uses the harmonics to produce an amplifier with high efficiency in low‐distortion operation. Its operation is analyzed theoretically and experimentally, and new design methods are clarified. The HCA's output power is designed to be below saturation, and the output circuit is designed so that power‐added efficiency is maximum in the intermodulation distortion region. Experimental results show that at 69‐W output power in the UHF band, power‐added efficiency was SI percent. At 110‐W output power in the S band, power‐added efficiency was 42.5 percent, intermodulation distortion was 20 dBc in the UHF band, and 23 dBc in the S band (output back‐off 3‐dB point).