gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of aspartame, a peptide sweetener (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure of aspartame, a peptide sweetenerMarcos Hatada, Jarmila Jancarik, Bradford Graves, and Sung Hou KimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 14, 4279–4282Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00300a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00300a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views871Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Work Function of Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films Across the Metal-Insulator Transition and the Role of Surface Nonstoichiometry (2011)

Vanadium dioxide (VO(2)) undergoes a sharp metal-insulator transition (MIT) in the vicinity of room temperature and there is great interest in exploiting this effect in novel electronic and photonic devices. We have measured the work function of vanadium dioxide thin films across the phase transition using variable temperature Kelvin force microscopy (KFM). The work function is estimated to be ∼5.15 eV in the insulating phase and increases by ∼0.15 eV across the MIT. We further show that the work function change upon the phase transition is highly sensitive to near-surface stoichiometry studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This change in work function is distinct from bulk resistance-versus temperature trends commonly used to evaluate synthesis protocols for such vanadium oxide films and optimize stoichiometry. The results are pertinent to understanding fundamental electronic properties of vanadium oxide as well as charge injection phenomena in solid-state devices incorporating complex oxides containing multivalence cations.
The chloroplast protein BPG2 functions in brassinosteroid‐mediated post‐transcriptional accumulation of chloroplast rRNA (2009)

Brassinazole (Brz) is a specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis of brassinosteroids (BRs), which regulate plant organ and chloroplast development. We identified a recessive pale green Arabidopsis mutant, bpg2-1 (Brz-insensitive-pale green 2-1) that showed reduced sensitivity to chlorophyll accumulation promoted by Brz in the light. BPG2 encodes a chloroplast-localized protein with a zinc finger motif and four GTP-binding domains that are necessary for normal chloroplast biogenesis. BPG2-homologous genes are evolutionally conserved in plants, green algae and bacteria. Expression of BPG2 is induced by light and Brz. Chloroplasts of the bpg2-1 mutant have a decreased number of stacked grana thylakoids. In bpg2-1 and bpg2-2 mutants, there was no reduction in expression of rbcL and psbA, but there was abnormal accumulation of precursors of chloroplast 16S and 23S rRNA. Chloroplast protein accumulation induced by Brz was suppressed by the bpg2 mutation. These results indicate that BPG2 plays an important role in post-transcriptional and translational regulation in the chloroplast, and is a component of BR signaling.
Customer/Brand Loyalty in an Interactive Marketplace (2000)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The interactive marketplace changes traditional marketing theory. An argument is made for the development of shared values and reciprocity as a theory base on which to build customer relationships. A planning matrix is presented and illustrated with a case example.
Pulsewidth modulation-a survey (2003)

Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is surveyed with reference to performance criteria, feedforward schemes, and feedback PWM control. It is stressed that the implementation of PWM techniques in the design of AC motor drive systems depends on the machine type, the power level, and the semiconductor devices used in the power converter. It is ultimately performance and cost criteria which determine the choice of a PWM method in a specific application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Terrain Aided Underwater Navigation Using Point Mass and Particle Filters (2006)

Abstract—This paper focuses on obtaining submerged position fixes for underwater vehicles from comparing bathymetric mea-surements with a bathymetric map. Our algorithms are tested on real data, collected by a HUGIN AUV equipped with a multibeam echo sounder (MBE). Due to our strongly non-linear and non-Gaussian problem, local linearization methods such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF), has proven unsuitable in many terrain types. We therefore focus on two different recursive Bayesian methods, namely the point mass filter (PMF) and a Bayesian bootstrap particle filter (PF). The PMF is a grid-based approximation method, whereas the PF is a sequential Monte Carlo method, based on sampling from the underlying distributions. The two methods are first compared using a 2-dimensional state-space model, only estimating the horizontal position of the vehicle. A problem with this approach is that uncertainty in the estimation of tidal levels may lead to large errors in the depth measurements. To counter this, one may extend the state vector to three dimensions, and this is investi-gated in the paper. Characteristics such as accuracy, convergence time, terrain dependency, and computational demands for the two methods are compared. In suited terrain both methods yield a horizontal accuracy comparable to the resolution of the map. The results from the PMF are slightly better, but the PMF is also more computationally demanding than the PF. Extending the methods from 2D to 3D makes them significally more robust to depth errors. The computational demands for the PMF increases dramatically in 3D, whereas they are virtually unchanged for the PF. Previous problems of overconfidence in these methods are effectively reduced through sub-sampling of the MBE data. I.
Cilostazol prevents foot ulcers in diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease (2013)

Diabetic patients are at high risk of foot ulcerations that may lead to limb amputations with important socio-economic impact. Peripheral vascular disease may be frequently associated in diabetes mellitus type II with its main symptom, intermittent claudication. Many studies reported the known efficacy of cilostazol in treating vascular claudication. Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) seems to be a biochemical marker implicated in chronic wounds and in particular in diabetic foot ulcers. Cilostazol appears to have a lowering effect on MMP-9 levels and this may suggest a beneficial effect in order to prevent or retard the onset of foot ulcer in diabetic patients. In our study, two groups of diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease were divided into two groups according to the presence of claudication in order to receive cilostazol. Group A (31 patients without claudication) were not eligible to receive cilostazol whereas Group B (47 patients with claudication) received cilostazol administration for 24 weeks (100 mg orally twice daily). Median follow up was of 16 months. During the follow up, 4·25% of patients of Group B and 35·48% of patients of Group A (P < 0·01) showed onset of foot ulceration. Although further randomised and controlled studies are required cilostazol seems to show beneficial effects for primary prevention of diabetic foot ulcers.
Surface Hydrophilicity and Antifungal Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> Films Coated on a Co-Cr Substrate (2017)

The purpose of this study was to deposit a thin layer of TiO<sub>2</sub> on a Co-Cr substrate, serving as a deactivation film protecting the metallic fitting surface. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of the film were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A scratch tester was used to examine the adhesion strength between the TiO<sub>2</sub> film and the Co-Cr substrate. The water contact angles and antifungal efficacy against <i>C. albicans</i> of the TiO<sub>2</sub>-deposited Co-Cr samples were investigated and further compared with those of uncoated Co-Cr substrates. The results indicated that a pure anatase microstructure and dense and smooth surface texture as well as strong binding to the underlying metallic surface were obtained. The originally hydrophobic Co-Cr alloy surface turned hydrophilic after TiO<sub>2</sub> film coating. Most importantly, the TiO<sub>2</sub>-coated surface showed a superior antifungal capability under UV-irradiation compared to those without TiO<sub>2</sub> coating. This work contains meaningful results for the development of a new metallic framework coating with improved hydrophilicity and antifungal properties.
The development of collagen based composite scaffolds for bone regeneration (2017)

Bone is consisted of bone matrix, cells and bioactive factors, and bone matrix is the combination of inorganic minerals and organic polymers. Type I collagen fibril made of five triple-helical collagen chains is the main organic polymer in bone matrix. It plays an important role in the bone formation and remodeling process. Moreover, collagen is one of the most commonly used scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the low mechanical strength and osteoinductivity of collagen limit its wider applications in bone regeneration field. By incorporating different biomaterials, the properties such as porosity, structural stability, osteoinductivity, osteogenicity of collagen matrixes can be largely improved. This review summarizes and categorizes different kinds of biomaterials including bioceramic, carbon and polymer materials used as components to fabricate collagen based composite scaffolds for bone regeneration. Moreover, the possible directions of future research and development in this field are also proposed.
An efficient reconfiguration algorithm for degradable VLSI/WSI arrays (2000)

This paper considers the problem of reconfiguring two-dimensional degradable VLSI/WSI arrays under the constraint of row and column rerouting. The goal of the reconfiguration problem is to derive a fault-free subarray T from the defective host array such that the dimensions of T are larger than some specified minimum. This problem has been shown to be NP-complete under various switching and routing constraints. However, we show that a special case of the reconfiguration problem is optimally solvable in linear time. Using this result, a new fast and efficient reconfiguration algorithm is proposed. Empirical study shows that the new algorithm indeed produces good results in terms of the percentages of harvest and degradation of VLSI/WSI arrays.
Optic nerve oxygen tension in pigs and the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (1999)

ONP(O)2 is significantly increased by the carbonic anhydrase inhibition of dorzolamide and acetazolamide, and the effect is dose dependent. These data demonstrate for the first time a direct effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on ONP(O)2.
Sensor clouds for Intelligent Truck Monitoring (2012)

The paper presents a new service paradigm for Vehicle Communication Platforms (VCPs), based on the Sensor Cloud concept. According to this paradigm, VCPs make available their components, including vehicle sensor and devices, to third-party vehicle monitoring applications, as virtual resources. We prototyped a Sensor Cloud service on the Click & Find™ VCP, currently supporting real-time Intelligent Truck Monitoring (ITM) services on about one thousand tank trucks for fuel distribution in Europe. The paper presents the Sensor Cloud service architecture and implementation, discussing the main benefits delivered to the ITM domain.
Broiler industry strategies for control of respiratory and enteric diseases (1998)

The commercial broiler industry is a modern day agricultural success due to popular consumer demand, healthy flocks, and least cost production. Preventive medicine is the key for economical control of disease in integrated broiler companies, and includes quarantine-eradication, controlled-exposure, and preventive feed medication. Respiratory and enteric diseases present a continuing, potential threat for economic loss. Most exotic and egg-transmitted poultry diseases have been controlled by reduction or eradication policies. Endemic diseases are controlled by mass vaccination and preventive feed medication. Improvements in genetics, housing, equipment, and disease surveillance has allowed continued improvements in disease prevention. Attention to detail and management of risk is crucial to industry success. With fast industry growth and market maturity of the broiler industry, new challenges have risen. These challenges include increased poultry house density, increasing economic pressures, changing industry attitudes, and increased governmental regulations that will strain the continued success of today's control strategies.
Resolution of chlamydial genital infection in B-cell-deficient mice and immunity to reinfection (1988)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative roles of the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in the resolution of chlamydial genital infection of mice and resistance to reinfection. To this end, female BALB/c mice were rendered B cell deficient by treatment with heterologous anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) serum from birth. Controls were similarly treated with either normal serum or phosphate-buffered saline. Before inclusion in each experiment, anti-IgM-treated mice were screened for the absence of IgM in serum and for the presence of cell-mediated immune responses. In addition, spleen cells from anti-IgM-treated mice responded to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin but not to lipopolysaccharide. By these criteria, mice were designated B cell deficient. B-cell-deficient mice and controls were inoculated intravaginally with a suspension of mouse pneumonitis agent (MoPn), a Chlamydia trachomatis biovar. All B-cell-deficient mice resolved the infection. Additionally, no significant difference was seen in the course of the infection in B-cell-deficient mice when compared with controls. In contrast to control mice, B-cell-deficient mice displayed no detectable antibody responses to MoPn in serum or in genital secretions. However, both B-cell-deficient mice and controls developed delayed-type hypersensitivity and T-cell proliferative responses to MoPn. When challenged 53 days after primary infection, no significant difference was seen in the resistance of B-cell-deficient mice to reinfection when compared with that of the controls. These data indicate that cell-mediated immune mechanisms play an important role in the resolution of and resistance to chlamydial genital infection in this model.
A novel atomic layer deposition method to fabricate economical and robust large area microchannel plates (2011)

We demonstrate a cost-effective and robust route to fabricate large-area microchannel plate (MCP) detectors, which will open new potential in larger area MCP-based detector technologies. For the first time, using our newly developed process flow we have fabricated large area (8"x8") MCPs. We used atomic layer deposition (ALD), a powerful thin film deposition technique, to tailor the electrical resistance and secondary electron emission (SEE) properties of large area, low cost, borosilicate glass capillary arrays. The self limiting growth mechanism in ALD allows atomic level control over the thickness and composition of resistive and SEES layers that can be deposited conformally on high aspect ratio capillary glass arrays. We have developed several robust and reliable ALD processes for the resistive coatings and SEE layers to give us precise control over the resistance (10<sup>6</sup>-10<sup>10</sup>Ω) and SEE coefficient (up to 5). This novel approach allows the functionalization of microporous, insulating substrates to produce MCPs with high gain and low noise. These capabilities allow a separation of the substrate material properties from the amplification properties. Here we describe a complete process flow to produce large area MCPs.
A Weighted Common Subgraph Matching Algorithm (2014)

We propose a weighted common subgraph (WCS) matching algorithm to find the most similar subgraphs in two labeled weighted graphs. WCS matching, as a natural generalization of the equal-sized graph matching or subgraph matching, finds wide applications in many computer vision and machine learning tasks. In this paper, the WCS matching is first formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem over the set of partial permutation matrices. Then it is approximately solved by a recently proposed combinatorial optimization framework - Graduated NonConvexity and Concavity Procedure (GNCCP). Experimental comparisons on both synthetic graphs and real world images validate its robustness against noise level, problem size, outlier number, and edge density.
Modeling Fleet Planning Strategy Based on Multimode Investment (2009)

After a survey of existing methods, a fleet planning mixed integer programming model based on multimode investment is developed in accordance with route and transport demand forecast under the fluctuant market environment. This optimization model not only considers investment alternatives to fleet capacity expansion concerning building new ships, purchase or sale of second-hand ships, charter ships, but also takes into account many factors such as the economic status of the ships, ship deployment, the investment capacity of enterprise, etc., as well as reflects how much weight the decision makers have given to physical value of the fleet at the end of the research horizon. Lastly, effectiveness of the proposed model was demonstrated using a shipping enterprise as an example. Results indicate that, the model well meets the practical needs of the fleet planning decision-making and ship operation organizations, thus it can be applied to the fleet planning study on industrial transport or liner trunk transport.
Open-loop versus closed-loop control of MEMS devices: choices and issues (2005)

From a controls point of view, micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) can be driven in an open-loop and closed-loop fashion. Commonly, these devices are driven open-loop by applying simple input signals. If these input signals become more complex by being derived from the system dynamics, we call such control techniques pre-shaped open-loop driving. The ultimate step for improving precision and speed of response is the introduction of feedback, e.g. closed-loop control. Unlike macro mechanical systems, where the implementation of the feedback is relatively simple, in the MEMS case the feedback design is quite problematic, due to the limited availability of sensor data, the presence of sensor dynamics and noise, and the typically fast actuator dynamics. Furthermore, a performance comparison between open-loop and closed-loop control strategies has not been properly explored for MEMS devices. The purpose of this paper is to present experimental results obtained using both open- and closed-loop strategies and to address the comparative issues of driving and control for MEMS devices. An optical MEMS switching device is used for this study. Based on these experimental results, as well as computer simulations, we point out advantages and disadvantages of the different control strategies, address the problems that distinguish MEMS driving systems from their macro counterparts, and discuss criteria to choose a suitable control driving strategy.
Calixarenes. 6. Synthesis of a functionalizable calix[4]arene in a conformationally rigid cone conformation (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalixarenes. 6. Synthesis of a functionalizable calix[4]arene in a conformationally rigid cone conformationC. David Gutsche and Jeffrey A. LevineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 9, 2652–2653Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00373a060RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2022Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (263 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Building Recognition From Multi-Aspect High-Resolution InSAR Data in Urban Areas (2007)

The improved ground resolution of state-of-the-art synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors suggests utilizing SAR data for the analysis of urban areas. The appearance of buildings in SAR or interferometric SAR (InSAR) data is characterized by the consequences of the inherent oblique scene illumination, such as layover, occlusion by radar shadow, and multipath signal propagation. Therefore, particularly in dense built-up areas, building reconstruction is often impossible from a single SAR or InSAR measurement alone. But, the reconstruction quality can be significantly improved by a combined analysis of multi-aspect data. In this paper, two approaches are proposed to detect and reconstruct buildings of different size from multi-aspect high-resolution InSAR data sets. Both approaches focus on the recognition of buildings supported by knowledge-based analysis considering the mentioned SAR-specific effects observed in urban areas. Building features are extracted independently for each direction from the magnitude and phase information of the interferometric data. Initial primitives are segmented and afterward projected from slant-range into the world coordinate system. From the fused set of primitives of both flight directions, building hypotheses are generated. The first approach exploits the frequently observed lines of bright double-bounce scattering, which are used for building reconstruction in residential districts. In the case of larger buildings, such as industrial halls, often additional features of roof and facade elements are visible. Therefore, in a second approach, extended buildings are extracted by grouping primitives of different kinds. The two approaches are demonstrated in an urban environment for an InSAR data set, which has spatial resolution of about 30 cm and was taken from two orthogonal flight directions.