gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ASIC image sensors (2002)

Two image array sensors designed and fabricated using a standard two-level metal ASIC CMOS process are described. The results show that good quality grey-level images can be formed, and that CMOS sensors arrays can be successfully integrated with efficient analogue sense amplifiers and with digital control/image-processing logic. The first sensor is a prototype 128*128 pixel test array. The second is a 312*287 pixel image sensor chip which includes all the necessary circuitry to produce full PAL format video output, as well as automatic electronic exposure control and built-in test circuits. Test results characterizing the devices are given, covering dynamic range, spectral response, sensitivity, resistance to blooming, etc. Some potential applications for such devices are mentioned.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Unifying Reference Framework for multi-target user interfaces (2003)

This paper describes a framework that serves as a reference for classifying user interfaces supporting multiple targets, or multiple contexts of use in the field of context-aware computing. In this framework, a context of use is decomposed into three facets: the end users of the interactive system, the hardware and software computing platform with which the users have to carry out their interactive tasks and the physical environment where they are working. Therefore, a context-sensitive user interface is a user interface that exhibits some capability to be aware of the context (context awareness) and to react to changes of this context. This paper attempts to provide a unified understanding of context-sensitive user interfaces rather than a prescription of various ways or methods of tackling different steps of development. Rather, the framework structures the development life cycle into four levels of abstraction: task and concepts, abstract user interface, concrete user interface and final user interface. These levels are structured with a relationship of reification going from an abstract level to a concrete one and a relationship of abstraction going from a concrete level to an abstract one. Most methods and tools can be more clearly understood and compared relative to each other against the levels of this framework. In addition, the framework expresses when, where and how a change of context is considered and supported in the context-sensitive user interface thanks to a relationship of translation. In the field of multi-target user interfaces is also introduced, defined, and exemplified the notion of plastic user interfaces. These user interfaces support some adaptation to changes of the context of use while preserving a predefined set of usability properties.
Translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum. II. Signal recognition protein (SRP) mediates the selective binding to microsomal membranes of in-vitro-assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein. (1981)

Translocation-competent microsomal membrane vesicles of dog pancreas were shown to selectively bind nascent, in vitro assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein (bovine prolactin) but not those synthesizing cytoplasmic protein (alpha and beta chain of rabbit globin). This selective polysome binding capacity was abolished when the microsomal vesicles were salt-extracted but was restored by an 11S protein (SRP, Signal Recognition Protein) previously purified from the salt-extract of microsomal vesicles (Walter and Blobel, 1980. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77:7112-7116). SRP-dependent polysome recognition and binding to the microsomal membrane was shown to be a prerequisite for chain translocation. Modification of SRP by N-ethyl maleimide abolished its ability to mediate nascent polysome binding to the microsomal vesicles. Likewise, polysome binding to the microsomal membrane was largely abolished when beta-hydroxy leucine, a Leu analogue, was incorporated into nascent secretory polypeptides. The data in this and the preceding paper provide conclusive experimental evidence that chain translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is a receptor-mediated event and thus rule out proposals that chain translocation occurs spontaneously and without the mediation by proteins. Moreover, our data here demonstrate conclusively that the initial events that lead to translocation and provide for its specificity are protein-protein (signal sequence plus ribosome with SRP) and not protein-lipid (signal sequence with lipid bilayer) interactions.
Excess carbon in silicon carbide (2010)

The application of SiC in electronic devices is currently hindered by low carrier mobility at the SiC/SiO2 interfaces. Recently, it was reported that 4H–SiC/SiO2 interfaces might have a transition layer on the SiC substrate side with C/Si ratio as high as 1.2, suggesting that carbon is injected into the SiC substrate during oxidation or other processing steps. We report finite-temperature quantum molecular dynamics simulations that explore the behavior of excess carbon in SiC. For SiC with 20% excess carbon, we find that, over short time (∼24 ps), carbon atoms bond to each other and form various complexes, while the silicon lattice is largely unperturbed. These results, however, suggest that at macroscopic times scale, C segregation is likely to occur; therefore a transition layer with 20% extra carbon would not be stable. For a dilute distribution of excess carbon, we explore the pairing of carbon interstitials and show that the formation of dicarbon interstitial cluster is kinetically very favorable, which suggests that isolated carbon clusters may exist inside SiC substrate.
Cutting of carbon nanotubes assisted with oxygen gas inside a scanning electron microscope (2006)

The authors report a cutting technique for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) assisted by the presence of oxygen gas. The cutting procedure is conducted in less than 1min using a low-energy electron beam inside a scanning electron microscope. The oxygen gas was regulated by a mass flow controller and was injected at 1SCCM. It was found that although the total pressure inside the specimen chamber reached 10−2Pa, high-speed cutting occurred only in an area close to the oxygen gas nozzle. They assume that the CNTs are cut only under a low acceleration voltage since the CNT molecules are easily excited and ionized by the low-energy electron beam.
Effects of temperature and solution composition on evaporation of iodine as a part of estimating volatility of iodine under gamma irradiation (2017)

As a part of evaluating the volatility of iodide ions subjected to gamma irradiation, I2 evaporation experiments were performed with I2 and I– mixed solutions in the temperature range 26–80°C in an open, well-ventilated space. The evaporation of I2 was observed to follow primarily first order kinetics, depending on the I2 concentration. The evaporation rate constant increased rapidly with increase in temperature. The presence of I– slightly reduced the evaporation rate of I2 by forming relatively stable I3−. The effect of Cl– at <1.0 wt% on I2 evaporation was insignificant. The evaporation rate constants of I2 were 1.3 × 10−3 min−1 cm−2, 2.4 × 10−2 min−1 cm−2, and 8.6 × 10−2 min−1 cm−2, at 26°C, 50°C, and 80°C, respectively.
Determining band offsets with triple quantum-well structures (1993)

Coupled triple quantum-well GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures have been designed to exhibit simultaneous electron and hole tunneling from the central well to opposite side wells at a fixed applied bias. Band offset is the critical parameter for the design of structures with simultaneous resonances. Photocurrent measurements reveal which triple quantum-well structures exhibit simultaneous resonances. A band offset ratio near 62:38 is required to correctly engineer structures with simultaneous resonances.
Analysis of excitatory synaptic action in pyramidal cells using whole‐cell recording from rat hippocampal slices. (1990)

1. The pharmacological and biophysical properties of excitatory synapses in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were studied using patch electrodes and whole-cell recording from thin slices. 2. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) had a fast component whose amplitude was voltage insensitive and a slow component whose amplitude was voltage dependent with a region of negative slope resistance in the range of -70 to -30 mV. 3. The voltage-dependent component was abolished by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV; 50 microM), which had no effect on the fast component. Conversely, the fast voltage-insensitive component was abolished by the non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 10 microM) which had no effect on the slow component. 4. In Ringer solution with no added Mg2+ the current-voltage relation of the NMDA component was linear over a much larger voltage range than in the presence of 1.3 mM-Mg2+. 5. The NMDA component of the EPSC could be switched off with a hyperpolarizing voltage step at the soma. The kinetics of this switch-off was used to estimate the speed of clamp control of the subsynaptic membrane as well as the electrotonic distance from the soma. The kinetic analysis of the EPSC was restricted to synapses which were judged to be under adequate voltage control. 6. For those synapses that were close to the soma the time constant for decay for the non-NMDA component, which was voltage insensitive, ranged from 4-8 ms. 7. The rise time for the NMDA component was 8-20 ms and the time constant for decay ranged from 60-150 ms. 8. During increased transmitter release with post-tetanic potentiation or application or phorbol esters, both components of the EPSC increased to a similar extent. 9. These experiments provide a detailed description of the dual receptor mechanism operating at hippocampal excitatory synapses. In addition, the experiments provide an electrophysiological method for estimating the electrotonic distance of synaptic inputs.
Mass spectrometric characterization of a series of adenosylated peptides acting as bisubstrate analogs of protein kinases (1994)

We are currently developing strategies to synthesize bisubstrate analogs as potential inhibitors of serine and tyrosine protein kinases; several such analogs have been synthesized. The initial target proteins were the cAMP dependent protein kinase (cAPK) and the Ca(+2)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaM kiiase II). These bisubstrate analogs were based on either known peptide substrates such as kemptide, a seven amino acid peptide substrate of cAPK, or on inhibitory peptides such as a seventeen amino acid peptide encompassing the autoinhibitory domain of CaM kinase II. Peptides containing a single phosphoserine group were first synthesized and then adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), or adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was coupled through the serine phosphate with prior activation by 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole using either a solution or solid phase reaction scheme. In this current study, we report the characterization of the bisubstrate analogs by liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry (LSIMS), matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).In the positive-ion mode, the LSIMS spectra of the bisubstrate analogs yielded a series of molecular ions containing mono-, di-, and trivalent cation adducts. Cation adducts were absent in the negative-ion mode where the dominant species were deprotonated molecular ions, [M - H](-), making this latter technique more useful for confirming product identity and assessing purity. Analysis of these compounds by MALDI in both the positive- and negative-ion modes yielded molecular ions which also contained metal ion adducts, although they were limited primarily to Fe(+2) adducts. Unlike LSIMS, the MALDI spectra showed no evidence for the elimination of the phosphoadenosine or other structural moieties. When these compounds were subjected to high energy collision-induced dissociation (CID), the dominant fragmentation pathways under positive-ion MS/MS conditions resulted from cleavage of the phosphate linkages to the adenosine moiety with charge retention on the peptide, although a major peak for 5'-deoxyadenosine was also seen at m/z 250. Charge retention in the negative-ion mode was most pronounced for ion fragments containing the highly acidic phosphate moieties and yielded phosphoadenosine related ions, for example, (AMP-H)(-), (AMP-H-H2O)(-), (ADP-H)(-), etc., as well as ions originating from the phosphate linker such as PO3 (-), H2PO4 (-), HP2O6 (-), H3P2O7 (-), and H2P3O9 (-). The largest phosphoadenosine ion in the negative-ion CID spectra for each bisubstrate analog, for example, m/z 426 (ADP-H)(-), m/z 506 (ATP-H)(-), or m/z 586 (AP4-H)(-), indicated that the desired covalent modification had been formed between the phosphoserine and APn moieties.
Decrease in cerebral blood flow in rats after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: a new animal model. (1985)

There continues to be a need for good animal models of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The rat would be an ideal subject in which to study SAH since it is inexpensive and easier to use than the larger laboratory animals. The present study was undertaken to determine if alterations of cerebral blood flow could be produced in the rat after experimental SAH, and thereby justify using the rat as a model for further study of SAH. Rats weighing between 450 and 500 grams underwent insertion of a cannula into the cisterna magna at least 5 days prior to physiological testing. One group of rats then received a 0.3 cc injection of fresh autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna to simulate a SAH. Another group of rats received injection of an equal volume of mock CSF (buffered saline) into the cisterna magna. A third group of rats had no subarachnoid injections. In all three groups, blood flow to the cerebral hemispheres was measured with the labeled microsphere technique. Rats with experimental SAH showed a 40% decrease of cerebral blood flow, whereas rats with saline injections showed only a 15% decrease. Control rats had no changes of cerebral blood flow. These studies demonstrate that the rat is a potential experimental model for investigations into SAH.
Chiral zinc(II) bipyridine complex. Crystal structure and catalytic activity in asymmetric allylation reaction (1999)

A chiral bipyridine zinc(II) complex, Zn(L)Cl2 (L=chiral bipyridine), has been prepared and characterized by usual spectroscopic means and X-ray crystallography. Reaction of Zn(L)Cl2 with AgCF3SO3 gave Zn(L)(CF3SO3)2insitu; this complex is an active catalyst for allylation of aldehydes with enantiomeric excesses up to 60%.
Decomposition of fluorescent illuminant spectra for accurate colorimetry (2002)

Fluorescent lamps are widely used in the office environment and in common desktop scanners. These lamps are characterized by the nearly monochromatic emission lines present in their radiant spectrum. Due to the presence of spectral lines special care is required in the computation of tristimulus values under these illuminants. Accurate computation of the tristimulus values can be performed digitally by modeling the radiance as the sum of a continuous spectrum emitted by the phosphors and weighted impulses corresponding to the emission lines. The paper considers a scheme for estimating the continuous spectrum and the strengths of the impulses from measurements of the spectrum with band limited sensors. The impact of noise in measured data on the accuracy of the final color computation is also considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Thermal Stress on Refractive Index in Clad Fibers (1971)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. Brugger, "Effect of Thermal Stress on Refractive Index in Clad Fibers," Appl. Opt. 10, 437-438 (1971) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Tunable mechanical properties of diamond superlattices generated by interlayer bonding in twisted bilayer graphene (2013)

Using molecular-dynamics simulations of tensile deformation and shear loading tests, we determine the mechanical properties of superlattices of diamond-like nanocrystals embedded in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) generated by covalent interlayer bonding through patterned hydrogenation. We find that the mechanical properties of these superstructures can be precisely tuned by controlling the fraction of sp3-hybridized C-C bonds in the material, fsp3, through the extent of chemical functionalization. The Young modulus and ultimate tensile strength weaken compared with pristine TBG with increasing fsp3, but they remain superior to those of most conventional materials. The interlayer shear modulus increases monotonically with fsp3.
Ling Zhi-8 mediates p53-dependent growth arrest of lung cancer cells proliferation via the ribosomal protein S7-MDM2-p53 pathway (2011)

Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8), an immunomodulatory protein, is derived from and has been cloned from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi or Ling Zhi); this protein exhibits immunomodulating and antitumor properties. We investigated the effects of recombinant LZ-8 protein (rLZ-8) on the proliferation of A549 human lung cancer cells. Here, we showed that rLZ-8 inhibits cell growth and that this is correlated with increased G(1) arrest. The treatment of A549 cells with rLZ-8 activated p53 and p21 expression, and both the G(1) arrest and the antigrowth effect were found to be p53 dependent. It was further demonstrated that rLZ-8 inhibited tumor growth in mice transplanted with Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Interestingly, rLZ-8 treatment was found to lead to nucleolar stress (or ribosomal stress) as evidenced by inhibition of precursor ribosomal RNA synthesis and reduced polysome formation in A549 cells. These changes resulted in an increasing binding of ribosomal protein S7 to MDM2 and a decreased interaction between MDM2 and p53. Taking these results together, we have identified a novel rLZ-8 antitumor function that positively modulates p53 via ribosomal stress and inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Our current results suggest that rLZ-8 may have potential as a therapeutic intervention for the treatment of cancers that contain wild-type p53 and high expression of MDM2.
Erosion behavior and mechanism of boronised steels (2002)

Boronising of steels is a hardening process to get high surface hardness. The erosion resistance of boronised steels was researched with the use of four kinds of erodent, i. e. glass, alumina, quartz and silicon carbide. The erosion rate increases rapidly with erodent hardness and severe erosion occurs with high impacting angle range of hard particles. SEM analysis indicated that chipping is caused by repetitive impacting of glass and quartz, whereas by alumina and silicon carbide impacting, chipping, and that plastic flow take place simultaneously and the erosion rate reaches the peak value when the impacting angle is above 60°.
Triglyme−Li<sup>+</sup> Cation Solvate Structures:  Models for Amorphous Concentrated Liquid and Polymer Electrolytes (I) (2003)

Crystalline phases of (triglyme)1:LiX (X = CF3SO3-, BF4-, ClO4-, and AsF6-) have been isolated and structurally characterized. The phases are isostructural and represent a novel form of Li+ cation coordination not observed in crystalline poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)−salt phases. The crystal structure of a (triglyme)1:LiBPh4 phase has also been determined, which differs markedly from those found with the smaller anions. In addition, a more concentrated (triglyme)2/3:LiCF3SO3 phase has been characterized, which also displays a novel form of Li+ cation coordination. Such solvates represent models for interchain cation transport transition states in concentrated liquid and amorphous PEO electrolytes.
Particle nucleation in emulsion polymerization. IV. Nucleation in monomer droplets (1979)

Abstract Nucleation in finely dispersed monomer emulsions in competition with homogeneous and micellar mechanism was studied. The emulsions were prepared with a high‐pressure homogenizer under varying homogenizing conditions and made stable by the addition of hexadecane to the monomer. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as emulsifer. The number of particles in latexes polymerized with potassium persulfate and benzoyl peroxide initiators was measured and plotted as a function of the free emulsifier concentrations. With persulfate initiator the particle number achieved a minimum in the transition region between droplet and water phase–micellar nucleation mechanisms. With very fine emulsions Smith–Ewart case II kinetics with n = 0.5 applied. The reaction rate, which differed from conventional emulsion polymerizations, decreased with time up to the point at which n began to increase. In these runs the particle size distribution became nearly monodisperse.
The 1,4-Dihydropyridine Receptor (1984)

Evidence that nitrendipine (2,6-dimethyl-3-carbomethoxy-5-carbomethoxy-4-(3-nitrophenyl)1,4- dihydropyridine) and other 1,4-dihydropyridines interact at a specific site to antagonize Ca2+ channel function is reviewed. This evidence derives from electrophysiologic and pharmacologic studies and is confirmed by [3H]radioligand binding to excitable tissues. The availability of 1,4-dihydropyridine activator ligands including BAY K 8644 (2,6-dimethyl-3-carbomethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethyl)1,4- dihydropyridine) suggests that this site is intimately concerned with Ca2+ channel regulation. The actions of the 1,4-dihydropyridine ligands are discussed with particular reference to their tissue selectivity and the functional relationships of binding sites to Ca2+ channels.