gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the GTP-binding protein encoded by Gi3 complementary DNA. (1988)

Three closely related, but distinct, GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) are encoded by cDNAs arbitrarily designated Gi1, Gi2, and Gi3. The in vitro translated products of mRNAs prepared from Gi1, Gi2, and Gi3 cDNAs migrate as 41-, 40-, and 41-kDa proteins, respectively, on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Antisera were raised against synthetic decapeptides corresponding to a divergent sequence (residues 159-168 for Gi1 and Gi3; 160-169 for Gi2) of the three cDNAs and tested on immunoblots for reactivity with three purified G-proteins, G41 and G40 from brain and G41 from HL-60 cells. LD antisera (Gi1 peptide) react only with brain G41. LE antisera (Gi2 peptide) react only with brain G40, and SQ antisera (Gi3 peptide) react exclusively with HL-60 G41. The results indicate that the 41-kDa G-protein purified from HL-60 cells differs from the purified brain 41-kDa protein and suggest that the HL-60 cell protein corresponds to that encoded by Gi3 cDNA.
Influence of wetting agents on the foliar uptake and herbicidal activity of glufosinate (1993)

Abstract The influence of four different wetting agents on the foliar retention, uptake and herbicidal activity of the glutamine synthetase inhibitor, glufosinate, was examined in growth‐chamber experiments on barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv Roland) and barnyard grass ( Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) P.B.) as test species. The non‐formulated monoammomum salt, glufosinate‐ammonium, was applied as a spray, either alone or mixed with a wetting agent. The dose rates of herbicide and wetting agent were 0.5 g a.i. litre −1 and 2.0 g litre −1 , respectively, on barnyard grass, and 2.0 g a.i. litre −1 and 60 g litre − 1, respectively, on barley. Herbicide damage, rated 10 days after spraying, was greatest when glufosinate was used with a sodium C 12 /C 14 ‐alcohol‐diglycolether sulfate (FAEO‐sulfate) and least with polyoxyethylene (POE)(8) tridecyl ether; intermediate effectiveness was obtained with a combination of herbicide and a POE(15) tridecyl ether or POE(15)‐tallow amine. The activity of the target enzyme, glutamine synthetase, measured 2 h after spraying, was reduced most when FAEO‐sulfate was present and least with POE(8) tridecyl ether. The behaviour of the glufosinate wetting agent solutions on plant foliage was analysed by measurements of spray retention, droplet contact angles and foliar uptake of [ 14 C]glufosinate. The results led, for both grass species, to the conclusion that differential ability of the wetting agents to enhance the permeation of glufosinate from the leaf surface deposit into the leaf tissue was the main factor responsible for the differences in herbicidal effectiveness of the glufosinate/wetting agent combinations used in this study.
The Way We Were (1972)

Since 1827, when Dr. Richard Bright observed albuminuria, and correlated its occurrence with renal disease, clinical medicine and the life insurance industry have been relying on tests for albumin to assess renal disease. At the second annual meeting of the Association of Life Insurance Medical Directors of America in 1891, the paper presented was entitled Albuminuria in Persons Apparently Healthy, and a Consideration of Its Relation to Life Insurance. The paper described the Heller’s nitric acid test for albumin. The author concluded that persons who had albuminuria are not good risks, and do not have normal life expectancy.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of <i>Punica granatum</i> Peel Extracts (2003)

ABSTRACT: Pomegranate peels were powdered and extracted with ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol (MeOH), and water for 1 h each at room temperature. Radical‐scavenging activity of dried ethyl acetate, acetone, MeOH, and water extracts of pomegranate peels were compared with butylated hydroxyanisole at 5, 10, 25, and 50 ppm by high‐performance liquid chromatography method using 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl. MeOH extract exhibited stronger radical‐scavenging effect than others. MeOH extract showed marked reducing power in potassium ferricyanide reduction method. Antibacterial activity of acetone, MeOH, and water extracts was evaluated by pour plate method against a few Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Acetone extract showed the highest antibacterial activity, followed by MeOH and water extract.
The Progressive Development of International Law (1947)

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Carbonate substitution in precipitated hydroxyapatite: An investigation into the effects of reaction temperature and bicarbonate ion concentration (1998)

Carbonate substitution in the apatite crystal lattice can occur in either the hydroxyl or the phosphate sites, designated as A or B type, respectively, and previous investigations generally have described precipitated carbonate hydroxyapatite as being B type on the basis of infra red and X-ray data. This paper documents the effects of two precipitation variables, namely temperature and bicarbonate ion concentration, on the morphology, phase composition, and calcium, phosphorus, and carbon contents of precipitated carbonate hydroxyapatite. Variations in both temperature and bicarbonate concentration could yield either acicular or spheroidal crystals. X-ray diffraction and infra red spectroscopy indicated the presence of carbonate in the A site for low carbonate contents (< 4 wt%), and at higher carbonate contents (> 4 wt%), the carbonate was located predominantly in the B site. On the basis of these observations and chemical analyses, a new AB carbonate substitution mechanism is proposed that better describes the experimental data than the B-type models used previously.
The XML log standard for digital libraries: analysis, evolution, and deployment (2004)

We describe current efforts and developments building on our proposal for an XML log standard format for digital library (DL) logging analysis and companion tools. Focus is given to the evolution of formats and tools, based on analysis of deployment in several DL systems and testbeds. Recent development of analysis tools also is discussed.
A low-cost dynamic range-finding device based on amplitude-modulated continuous ultrasonic wave (2002)

A practical low-cost acoustic range-finding method is presented, which provides a high-speed and high-accuracy solution for distance measurement. It is based on the linear phase delay of the received signal, with respect to the transmitted signal caused by the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. A continuous ultrasonic signal amplitude modulated by a low-frequency acoustic signal is used. The accuracy can be up to 2 mm within 1.5 m and the dynamic data update rate can be up to 150 Hz. The design principles, hardware implementation, experimental results, and performance analysis are included.
Simulation and Fabrication of Stronger, Larger, and Faster Walking Biohybrid Machines (2018)

Abstract Advancing biologically driven soft robotics and actuators will involve employing different scaffold geometries and cellular constructs to enable a controllable emergence for increased production of force. By using hydrogel scaffolds and muscle tissue, soft biological robotic actuators that are capable of motility have been successfully engineered with varying morphologies. Having the flexibility of altering geometry while ensuring tissue viability can enable advancing functional output from these machines through the implementation of new construction concepts and fabrication approaches. This study reports a forward engineering approach to computationally design the next generation of biological machines via direct numerical simulations. This was subsequently followed by fabrication and characterization of high force producing biological machines. These biological machines show millinewton forces capable of driving locomotion at speeds above 0.5 mm s −1 . It is important to note that these results are predicted by computational simulations, ultimately showing excellent agreement of the predictive models and experimental results, further providing the ability to forward design future generations of these biological machines. This study aims to develop the building blocks and modular technologies capable of scaling force and complexity of these devices for applications toward solving real world problems in medicine, environment, and manufacturing.
Development of direct fringe printer for computer-generated holograms (2005)

It becomes quite easy to calculate over one hundred million pixels computer-generated hologram of three-dimensional object, even with normal personal computers. On the other hand, it is not so easy to output the calculated result as a hologram that must have micron order resolution for practical three-dimensional display. We have developed a direct fringe printer, which consists of a laser, an X-Y stage and a liquid crystal panel as a spatial light modulator. A fractional part of the entire holographic fringe is displayed on the liquid crystal panel, and the demagnified image of it is recorded on a holographic plate. Then the plate is translated by the x-y stage to write next part of the fringe. We have made some improvements on our previous system. We achieved to print 192 Mega-pixel hologram with 2.8-micron pitch within 40 minutes, three times faster than the previous one. We have also printed 768 Mega-pixel hologram and the full-color rainbow hologram.
Immune activation and inflammation in HIV‐1 infection: causes and consequences (2007)

Thorough research on HIV is progressively enabling us to understand the intricate mechanisms that link HIV-1 infection to the onset of immunodeficiency. The infection and depletion of CD4(+) T cells represent the most fundamental events in HIV-1 infection. However, in recent years, the role played by chronic immune activation and inflammation in HIV pathogenesis has become increasingly apparent: quite paradoxically, immune activation levels are directly associated with HIV-1 disease progression. In addition, HIV-1-infected patients present intriguing similarities with individuals of old age: their immune systems are characterized by a loss of regenerative capacity and an accumulation of ageing T cells. In this review, we discuss the potential reasons for the establishment of sustained immune activation and inflammation from the early stages of HIV-1 infection, as well as the long-term consequences of this process on the host immune system and health. A simplified model of HIV pathogenesis is proposed, which links together the three major facets of HIV-1 infection: the massive depletion of CD4(+) T cells, the paradoxical immune activation and the exhaustion of regenerative capacity.
LPS induces IL-10 production by human alveolar macrophages via MAPKinases- and Sp1-dependent mechanisms (2007)

These results demonstrate for the first time that expression of IL-10 in lung macrophages stimulated by LPS depends on the concomitant activation of ERK, p38 and JNK MAPKinases, which control downstream signalling to Sp-1 transcription factor. This study further points to Sp-1 as a key signalling pathway for IL-10 expression in the lung.
Contractile failure and high-energy phosphate turnover during hypoxia: 31P-NMR surface coil studies in living rat. (1987)

Cardiac failure appears rapidly during severe hypoxia and precedes a substantial reduction in adenosine triphosphate content. Reduced adenosine triphosphate turnover, in the presence of nearly normal content, may be the metabolic basis for contractile failure during hypoxia. To measure both the myocardial content and the turnover rates of high-energy phosphate compounds during hypoxia, we performed 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance studies by placing a surface coil directly over the left ventricle in intubated rats that were instrumented for hemodynamic measurements and ventilated with either 21, 10, or 8% O2. Normoxia produced a hemodynamic and metabolic steady state for 4 hours and hypoxia for at least 60 minutes. Under normoxic ventilation (n = 10, mean +/- SD), the arterial PO2 was 96 +/- 14, pH 7.38 +/- 0.11, and systolic blood pressure 96 +/- 8 mm Hg; under hypoxic ventilation with 10% O2 (n = 5), the arterial PO2 was 57 +/- 10, pH 7.39 +/- 0.09, and systolic pressure 68 +/- 10; and under hypoxic ventilation with 8% O2 (n = 5), the PO2 was 52 +/- 7, pH 7.37 +/- 0.04, and systolic pressure 51 +/- 4. Hypoxic ventilation with 10 or 8% O2 decreased the creatine phosphate content from 51.4 +/- 5.4 mumol/g dry wt to 39.3 +/- 5.4 and 45.6 +/- 4.1 and depressed adenosine triphosphate slightly from 25.0 mumol/g dry wt to 21.8 +/- 2.1 and 21.9 +/- 1.0, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Involvement of a Non-Human Sialic Acid in Human Cancer (2014)

Sialic acids are common monosaccharides that are widely expressed as outer terminal units on all vertebrate cell surfaces, and play fundamental roles in cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions. The predominant sialic acids on most mammalian cells are N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Neu5Gc is notable for its deficiency in humans due to a species-specific and species-universal inactivating deletion in the CMAH gene encoding the hydroxylase that converts CMP-Neu5Ac to CMP-Neu5Gc. However, Neu5Gc is metabolically incorporated into human tissues from dietary sources (particularly red meat), and detected at even higher levels in some human cancers. Early life exposure to Neu5Gc-containing foods in the presence of certain commensal bacteria that incorporate dietary Neu5Gc into lipooligosaccharides can lead to generation of antibodies that are also cross-reactive against Neu5Gc-containing glycans in human tissues ("xeno-autoantigens"). Such anti-Neu5Gc "xeno-autoantibodies" are found in all humans, although ranging widely in levels among individuals, and displaying diverse and variable specificities for the underlying glycan. Experimental evidence in a human-like Neu5Gc-deficient Cmah(-) (/) (-) mouse model shows that inflammation due to "xenosialitis" caused by this antigen-antibody interaction can promote tumor progression, suggesting a likely mechanism for the well-known epidemiological link between red meat consumption and carcinoma risk. In this review, we discuss the history of this field, mechanisms of Neu5Gc incorporation into tissues, the origin and specificities of human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, their use as possible cancer biomarkers, implications of xenosialitis in cancer initiation and progression, and current and future approaches toward immunotherapy that could take advantage of this unusual human-specific phenomenon.
A cDNA clone from Zea mays endosperm sucrose synthetase mRNA (1980)

A cDNA clone for maize endosperm sucrose synthetase of 62o nucleotide pairs length was obtained by cloning double stranded DNA obtained from the total maize endosperm poly(A) RNA in pBR322, and identifying the appropriate clone by hybrid-promoter translation. In Southern blotting to genomic BamHI-digested DNA, a single band only of approximately 20 Kb lights up, indicating that the sucrose synthetase gene is unique, or that closely linked copies are located on this DNA fragment.
4/spl pi/ Compton imaging using a 3-D position-sensitive CdZnTe detector via weighted list-mode maximum likelihood (2004)

In this paper, we describe a 4/spl pi/ Compton imager composed of a single 15 mm /spl times/ 15 mm /spl times/ 10 mm CdZnTe detector. Full 4/spl pi/ images are reconstructed via list-mode maximum likelihood (ML). A new weighting method for ML reconstruction is proposed in which the contributions of small-uncertainty sequences are enhanced relative to sequences with large uncertainties. The new reconstruction method is compared with traditional ML techniques for measured imaging data. The 4/spl pi/ Compton imager has a measured intrinsic imaging efficiency of nearly 2% and an imaging resolution using the weighted ML reconstruction method of 17/spl deg/ at 662 keV after 10 iterations.
Reliable thin film encapsulation for organic light emitting diodes grown by low-temperature atomic layer deposition (2009)

We report on highly efficient gas diffusion barriers for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Nanolaminate (NL) structures composed of alternating Al2O3 and ZrO2 sublayers grown by atomic layer deposition at 80 °C are used to realize long-term stable OLED devices. While the brightness of phosphorescent p-i-n OLEDs sealed by a single Al2O3 layer drops to 85% of the initial luminance of 1000 cd/m2 after 1000 h of continuous operation, OLEDs encapsulated with the NL retain more than 95% of their brightness. An extrapolated device lifetime substantially in excess of 10 000 h can be achieved, clearly proving the suitability of the NLs as highly dense and reliable thin film encapsulation of sensitive organic electronic devices.
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured with Salivary Gland Biopsies Adopt an Epithelial Phenotype (2010)

Sjogren's syndrome and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer result in severe xerostomia and irreversible salivary gland damage for which no effective treatment is currently available. Cell culture methods of primary human salivary gland epithelial cells (huSGs) are slow and cannot provide a sufficient number of cells. In addition, the majority of cultured huSGs are of a ductal phenotype and thus not fluid/saliva secretory cells. Some reports indicated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possessed the potential to differentiate into epithelial cells. To test this hypothesis with huSGs, a coculture system containing 2 chambers separated by a polyester membrane was used to study the capacity of human MSCs to adopt an epithelial phenotype when cocultured with human salivary gland biopsies. Results were that 20%-40% of cocultured MSCs expressed tight junction proteins [claudin-1 (CLDN-1), -2, -3, and -4; occludin; junctional adhesion molecule-A; and zonula occludens-1] as well as other epithelial markers [aquaporin-5, α-amylase (α-AMY), and E-cadherin], and generated a higher transepithelial electrical resistance. Electron microscopy demonstrated that these MSCs had comparable cellular structures to huSGs, such as tight junction structures and numerous secretory granules. Quantitative real time (RT)-polymerase chain reaction revealed an upregulation of several salivary genes (aquaporin-5, AMY, and CLDN-2). Moreover, the amounts of α-AMY detected in cocultured MSCs were comparable to those detected in huSGs control cultures. These data suggest that cocultured MSCs can demonstrate a temporary change into a salivary gland acinar phenotype.
Lateral State Prediction for Automated Steering using Reliability-Weighted Measurements from Multiple Sensors (2007)

This paper presents a time-varying Kalman filter that combines the measurements from four different lateral deviation sensors to produce a reliable prediction of lateral vehicle dynamics state for automated steering. The measurement noises used in the filter vary continuously according to a reliability index, which itself is a function of individual sensor capabilities and the current driving environment. The reliability index is continuously varying and differs from previous work that simply changes the source of the lateral deviation measurement for the filter according to the reliability index. The practicality of the prediction method is shown through the implementation on a test vehicle.
In vitro activation of transcription by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax protein. (1992)

The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) regulatory protein Tax activates transcription of the proviral long terminal repeats and a number of cellular promoters. We have developed an in vitro system to characterize the mechanism by which Tax interacts with the host cell transcription machinery. Tax was purified from cells infected with a baculovirus expression vector. Addition of these Tax preparations to nuclear extracts from uninfected human T lymphocytes activated transcription of the HTLV-I long terminal repeat approximately 10-fold. Transcription-stimulatory activity copurified with the immunoreactive 40-kDa Tax polypeptide on gel filtration chromatography, and, as expected, the effect of recombinant Tax was diminished in HTLV-I-infected T-lymphocyte extracts containing endogenous Tax. Tax-mediated transactivation in vivo has been previously shown to require 21-bp-repeat Tax-responsive elements (TxREs) in the promoter DNA. Stimulation of transcription in vitro was also strongly dependent on these sequences. To investigate the mechanism of Tax transactivation, cellular proteins that bind the 21-bp-repeat TxREs were prepared by DNA affinity chromatography. Recombinant Tax markedly increased the formation of a specific host protein-DNA complex detected in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. These data suggest that Tax activates transcription through a direct interaction with cellular proteins that bind to the 21-bp-repeat TxREs.
Manure Slurry-Enriched Seeding of Cover Crops in Diverse Cropping Systems (2007)

Manure slurry-enriched seeding of cover crops is a new process that combines low-disturbance aeration tillage, land application of liquid manure and seeding of cover crops in one efficient operation. In this new process, low-disturbance aeration tillage creates an absorptive surface in untilled ground that mitigates overland flow and soil erosion by fracturing the soil, increasing surface roughness, improving infiltration, and conserving crop residues. In the same pass, cover crop seed mixed with the manure in the spreader tank is banded over the aeration slots through drop tubes behind each set of aeration tines. The nutrient-rich, seed-laden slurry quickly infiltrates the soil matrix. The developing cover crop captures nutrients and forms a vegetative barrier to overland flow. Results of field trials from 2004-2006 showed the slurry seeding process to be an efficient and effective cover crop establishment method for diverse cropping systems. Oil seed radish and oriental mustard were established in sugar beet rotations; cereal rye and wheat were established in corn silage stubble; and forage rape, forage turnips, oats and sorghum-sudan grass were established in small grain stubble for late season grazing. Biomass yields of manure slurry-enriched crops were equal to or greater than conventionally drilled crops. Compared to conventionally drilled stands, slurry-seeded stands (plants m-2) were generally less, but biomass yields (kg ha-1) were similar because individual plant biomass was up to 6 times greater with slurry seeding. There were no cases when the conventionally seeded crops yielded significantly more than the slurry-seeded crops.
Hidden robbers: The role of fungal haustoria in parasitism of plants (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.