gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<scp>d</scp> -Pantothenate Synthesis in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> and Use of <i>panBC</i> and Genes Encoding <scp>l</scp> -Valine Synthesis for <scp>d</scp> -Pantothenate Overproduction (1999)

D-Pantothenate is synthesized via four enzymes from ketoisovalerate, which is an intermediate of branched-chain amino acid synthesis. We quantified three of these enzyme activities in Corynebacterium glutamicum and determined specific activities ranging from 0.00014 to 0.001 micromol/min mg (protein)-1. The genes encoding the ketopantoatehydroxymethyl transferase and the pantothenate synthetase were cloned, sequenced, and functionally characterized. These studies suggest that panBC constitutes an operon. By using panC, an assay system was developed to quantify D-pantothenate. The wild type of C. glutamicum was found to accumulate 9 micrograms of this vitamin per liter. A strain was constructed (i) to abolish L-isoleucine synthesis, (ii) to result in increased ketoisovalerate formation, and (iii) to enable its further conversion to D-pantothenate. The best resulting strain has ilvA deleted from its chromosome and has two plasmids to overexpress genes of ketoisovalerate (ilvBNCD) and D-pantothenate (panBC) synthesis. With this strain a D-pantothenate accumulation of up to 1 g/liter is achieved, which is a 10(5)-fold increase in concentration compared to that of the original wild-type strain. From the series of strains analyzed it follows that an increased ketoisovalerate availability is mandatory to direct the metabolite flux into the D-pantothenate-specific part of the pathway and that the availability of beta-alanine is essential for D-pantothenate formation.
Reactivity‐based One‐pot Synthesis of Immunosuppressive Glycolipids from the Caribbean Sponge <i>Plakortis simplex</i> (2009)

Abstract The first synthesis of three natural glycolipid simplexides 1a – 1c , which were isolated from the marine sponge Plakortis simplex and claimed to inhibit T cell proliferation, has been concisely accomplished by a reactivity‐based one‐pot synthetic strategy under the use of p ‐toluenethioglycoside (STol) donors.
Inhibition of HIV-1-induced syncytia formation and infectivity by lipophosphoglycan from Leishmania. (1995)

In HIV-1 infection, the appearance of syncytia-inducing (SI) isolates is associated with a more rapid decline of CD4+ cells and progression to AIDS. Agents that inhibit either virus infection or syncytia formation have the potential to be therapeutically useful. Lipophosphoglycan (LPG), the major glycoconjugate of Leishmania, was recently shown to be a potent nonspecific inhibitor of viral membrane fusion. In this study, LPG demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of HIV-1-induced syncytia formation in CD4+ MT-2 cells infected with distinct SI isolates. Fragments of LPG were used to show that inhibition of syncytia formation was dependent on the length of the LPG fragment. Treatment of CD4+ cells or HIV-1 isolates with LPG inhibited infection in vitro. Furthermore, LPG inhibited the replication of SI viral isolates in CD4+ T cells in vitro. LPG had no toxic effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the highest concentrations used in these assays. Further, LPG rapidly associated with the surface membrane of a human T cell line and subsequently disassociated over a 24-h period. The development of compounds capable of inhibiting HIV-induced syncytia formation should provide novel therapeutic approaches to control the spread of virus and disease progression.
Early memory phenotypes drive T cell proliferation in patients with pediatric malignancies (2016)

Engineered T cell therapies have begun to demonstrate impressive clinical responses in patients with B cell malignancies. Despite this efficacy, many patients are unable to receive T cell therapy because of failure of in vitro expansion, a necessary component of cell manufacture and a predictor of in vivo activity. To evaluate the biology underlying these functional differences, we investigated T cell expansion potential and memory phenotype during chemotherapy in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We found that patients with T cell populations enriched for early lineage cells expanded better in vitro and that patients with ALL had higher numbers of these cells with a corresponding enhancement in expansion as compared to cells from patients with NHL. We further demonstrated that early lineage cells were selectively depleted by cyclophosphamide and cytarabine chemotherapy and that culture with interleukin-7 (IL-7) and IL-15 enriched select early lineage cells and rescued T cell expansion capability. Thus, early lineage cells are essential to T cell fitness for expansion, and enrichment of this population either by timing of T cell collection or culture method can increase the number of patients eligible to receive highly active engineered cellular therapies.
Studies on the Synthesis of Massoi-lactone and its Homologues. Part II. Synthesis of Nonyn-1-ol-4-carboxylic acid-1-lactone (Massoi-lactone) (1956)

Abstract The Massoi-lactone (nonyn-1-ol-4-carboxylic acid-1-lactone), the main component of the essential oil of Massoi-bark was synthesized from n-hexanal and propargyl bromide.
Giant field-induced reversible strain in magnetic shape memory NiMnGa alloy (2000)

A room temperature extensional strain of 5.1% was observed in martensitic Ni/sub 48/Mn/sub 31/Ga/sub 21/ alloy in the magnetic field of 480 kA/m. The magnitude of field-induced strain decreases with increasing external compressive stress applied in the direction of expansion. The compressive stress of about 3 MPa prevents the development of the substantial field-induced strain. Magnetization curves obtained by VSM exhibit an abrupt magnetization change and a transient hysteresis in the first quadrant. Large reversible field-induced strain and the abrupt magnetization change are due to the rearrangement or redistribution of martensitic twin variants by the applied magnetic field. It was confirmed by optical observation of movement and nucleation of martensitic twin boundaries.
Calreticulin Is Expressed on the Cell Surface of Activated Human Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes in Association with Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules (1999)

Calreticulin is an endoplasmic reticulum resident molecule known to be involved in the folding and assembly of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In the present study, expression of calreticulin was analyzed in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Pulse-chase experiments in [35S]methionine-labeled T cell blasts showed that calreticulin was associated with several proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and suggested that it was expressed at the cell surface. Indeed, the 60-kDa calreticulin was labeled by cell surface biotinylation and precipitated from the surface of activated T cells together with a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 46 kDa. Cell surface expression of calreticulin by activated T lymphocytes was further confirmed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, studies that showed that both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells expressed calreticulin in the plasma membrane. Low amounts of cell surface calreticulin were detected in resting T lymphocytes. By sequential immunoprecipitation using the conformation independent monoclonal antibody HC-10, we provided evidence that the cell surface 46-kDa protein co-precipitated with calreticulin is unfolded MHC I. These results show for the first time that after T cell activation, significant amounts of calreticulin are expressed on the T cell surface, where they are found in physical association with a pool of beta2-free MHC class I molecules.
Case Studies on Small-Scale Power Generation with the Downhole Coaxial Heat Exchanger (2005)

One of the major features of geothermal resources is its wide variety of existing forms. Hence, it is necessary to develop many types of heat mining methods and to pursue their possibilities. The authors have proposed the Downhole Coaxial Heat Exchanger (DCHE) system for exploitation of undeveloped geothermal resources such as Hot Wet Rock, Super Hot Rock, magma origin fluid systems and magma. The major features of the DCHE include the utilization of a highly insulated inner pipe, reverse circulation (i.e., cold water down the annulus and hot water up through the inner pipe) and a completely closed system. Through a heat extraction experiment carried out on the Island of Hawaii in 1991, it was demonstrated that a highly efficient DCHE could be constructed. The authors have carried out two case studies on smallscale power generation with a 2,000m class DCHE by numerical simulations. In the first case study, the operational behaviors of the DCHE or the power generation system were investigated assuming the temperature profile and the structure of a well in Hijiori, Japan. In this case, two cases where the binary or the Kalina cycles are combined with the DCHE were investigated. In order to estimate the possible order of the net thermal output of the DCHE or the power output of the power generation system, the second case study was carried out for a higher temperature profile than that in Hijiori. In this case, a temperature profile from Toyoha, Japan was assumed. Through this study, it has been indicated that minimizing pumping power for circulating water in the DCHE is very important for realizing functional power generation. Hence, an appropriate DCHE design is required. A power generation plant which allows a wide range of temperature difference between the hot water and the re-injection water is preferable for combination with the DCHE. Also, It has been shown that 70kW class power generation might be possible at Toyoha, Japan with a DCHE 2,000m deep.
Colicin V virulence plasmids (1991)

ColV plasmids are a heterogeneous group of IncFI plasmids which encode virulence-related properties such as the aerobactin iron uptake system, increased serum survival, and resistance to phagocytosis. These plasmids have been found in invasive strains of Escherichia coli which infect vertebrate hosts including humans and livestock. Colicin V was the first colicin to be identified, in 1925, but not until the field experienced a renewed interest has the mechanism of colicin V activity been explored. As encoded by ColV plasmid pColV-K30, the aerobactin iron uptake system has been extensively investigated, but other ColV-encoded phenotypes remain largely uncharacterized. Restriction enzyme mapping of the 144-kb pColV-K30 and of the 80-kb pColV-B188 has facilitated systematic study, so that questions can be addressed by a molecular and comparative approach regarding the contributions of individual factors and plasmids to the virulence of host E. coli in model systems. The family of large ColV plasmids could be analogous to other families of large virulence plasmids, and insights gained from studying these plasmids should contribute to our understanding of cross-genetic interactions and the role of large plasmids in bacterial pathogenesis.
Direct Conversion of Titanium Alkoxide into Crystallized TiO<sub>2</sub> (rutile) Using Coating Photolysis Process with ArF Excimer Laser (1999)

TiO 2 (rutile) films have been successfully prepared by the coating photolysis process using ArF excimer laser irradiation at room temperature. The choice of the Ti-alkoxide type as the starting material and the effects of atmosphere on the product films have been studied by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). When using Ti(O-i-C 3 H 7 ) 4 as the starting material, rutile films were obtained by the irradiation in a dry N 2 atmosphere, whereas amorphous films were obtained by irradiation in air. When using Ti(OCH 2 CH(C 2 H 5 )-n-C 4 H 9 ) 4 as a starting material, rutile films were obtained by the irradiation even in the air atmosphere. Crystallization mechanism is also discussed.
Mass Spectroscopic Studies on the Mechanism of Ionization of Atoms Formed as a Result of Radioactive Decay Processe. I (1970)

A specially designed mass spectrometer of a pulse counting mode has been constructed for studies on the chemical effect of nuclear transformations.The ion source has been examined by a beam experiment method using non-radioactive rare gas ions from an electron bombardment chamber. Measurements have been made of ion detection with 10 and 16 stage Cu-Be electron multipliers, the gains of which are 106and108, respectively. The results have shown that. a gain of at least 5×104is needed for the so-called“one to one” pulse counting. Charge spectra of recoil ions from a-emitting nuclides have been also measured and discussed in connexion with the decay scheme.
Dynamic recurrent neural networks for modeling flexible robot dynamics (2002)

The identification of a general class of multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) discrete-time nonlinear systems expressed in the state space form is studied using dynamic recurrent neural network (DRNN) approach. A novel discrete-time DRNN, which is represented by a set of parameterized nonlinear difference equations and has the universal approximation capability, is proposed for modeling unknown discrete-time nonlinear systems. Dynamic backpropagation learning algorithm is discussed extensively in order to carry out the modeling task using the input-output data. A simulation example of modeling flexible robot dynamics is provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed technique.
Different pharmacological characteristics of structurally similar benzylisoquinoline analogs, papaverine, higenamine, and GS 389, on isolated rat aorta and heart (1994)

In the present study, we compared the pharmacological properties of structurally similar benzylisoquinoline compounds, papaverine, higenamine, and GS 389, using isolated rat aorta and atrial preparations. The three benzylisoquinoline compounds, concentration dependently, relaxed phenylephrine (3 microM) induced contraction of rat aortic rings, with the rank order of potency being higenamine > papaverine > GS 389. They also relaxed high K+ (60 mM) induced contraction, with the rank order of potency being papaverine > GS 389 >> higenamine. The relaxation was not modified by the presence of endothelium. To assess whether these compounds directly interfere with Ca2+ influx, the effects of these compounds on Ca(2+)-induced contraction in Ca(2+)-free media were examined. Among the three compounds, papaverine most strongly inhibited Ca(2+)-induced contraction of both K+ stimulated and phenylephrine-stimulated aorta. Higenamine was least potent in inhibition of Ca(2+)-induced contraction in high K+ depolarized aorta. In atrial tissues, lower concentrations of papaverine increased spontaneous beats and isometric tension, whereas above 30 microM its action was reversed. GS 389 decreased heart rate without affecting the contractility. On the other hand, higenamine concentration dependently increased both heart rate and isometric tension, as well as cyclic AMP levels in atrial tissues as a result of beta-receptor activation. Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP dependent phosphodiesterases from rat atrial and ventricular tissue homogenates were inhibited by papaverine and GS 389, but not by higenamine. These results suggest that calcium antagonistic action of these compounds is at least in part responsible for vasodilation action, but not for cardiac action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cerebellar Ataxia by Enhanced Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 Currents Is Alleviated by Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Dependent K<sup>+</sup>-Channel Activators in<i>Cacna1a</i><sup>S218L</sup>Mutant Mice (2012)

Mutations in the CACNA1A gene are associated with neurological disorders, such as ataxia, hemiplegic migraine, and epilepsy. These mutations affect the pore-forming α(1A)-subunit of Ca(V)2.1 channels and thereby either decrease or increase neuronal Ca(2+) influx. A decreased Ca(V)2.1-mediated Ca(2+) influx has been shown to reduce the regularity of cerebellar Purkinje cell activity and to induce episodic cerebellar ataxia. However, little is known about how ataxia can be caused by CACNA1A mutations that increase the Ca(2+) influx, such as the S218L missense mutation. Here, we demonstrate that the S218L mutation causes a negative shift of voltage dependence of Ca(V)2.1 channels of mouse Purkinje cells and results in lowered thresholds for somatic action potentials and dendritic Ca(2+) spikes and in disrupted firing patterns. The hyperexcitability of Cacna1a(S218L) Purkinje cells was counteracted by application of the activators of Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels, 1-EBIO and chlorzoxazone (CHZ). Moreover, 1-EBIO also alleviated the irregularity of Purkinje cell firing both in vitro and in vivo, while CHZ improved the irregularity of Purkinje cell firing in vitro as well as the motor performance of Cacna1a(S218L) mutant mice. The current data suggest that abnormalities in Purkinje cell firing contributes to cerebellar ataxia induced by the S218L mutation and they advocate a general therapeutic approach in that targeting Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels may be beneficial for treating ataxia not only in patients suffering from a decreased Ca(2+) influx, but also in those suffering from an increased Ca(2+) influx in their Purkinje cells.
Dependency of Blood Flow Velocity in the Middle Cerebral Artery on End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure—A Transcranial Ultrasound Doppler Study (1984)

The end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) response curves for the flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery were studied in 31 normal subjects with transcranial Doppler techniques. An exponential curve with an exponent of 0.034 mm Hg-1 was found to be a good fit to the recorded data. By means of this relationship, recordings of flow velocity in cerebral arteries can be normalized to a standard value of PCO2. Physiological aspects of cerebrovascular reactivity to PCO2 and the clinical implications of the PCO2 response curve are discussed. The normal material provides a reference for assessing pathological responses.
DNA replication: One strand may be more equal (1998)

Living organisms are highly organized adaptive systems. Whereas the maintenance of organization requires conservation, adaptation requires variation. Evolution, the fundamental strategy of Life, is an interplay of genetic variation and phenotypic selection. The wide variety of spontaneous mutation rates among natural isolates of bacteria show that the capacity for producing genetic variation is itself heritable (1, 2). Genetic variation results from somewhat imprecise reproduction due to a less-than-perfect fidelity of the transmission of genomic sequences. Could it be that the dialectic of conservation and change is reflected in the elementary act of DNA replication such that one strand is replicated with higher fidelity (conservation) than the other strand (change)? Fijalkowska et al. (3) suggest, in this issue of the Proceedings, that there is unequal fidelity in the copying of two complementary DNA template strands in the course of replication of the Escherichia coli chromosome.
Using High-Temperature Chemical Synthesis To Produce Metastable Nanostructured Cobalt (1998)

Chemical synthesis at elevated temperature (200 °C) produces a highly disordered form of cobalt similar to that produced by mechanical milling. Annealing of the disordered phase produces material with different face-centered cubic (fcc) to hexagonal close-packed (hcp) ratios, depending on the particular thermal treatment and the amount of disorder prior to annealing. The fcc-to-hcp ratio changes with the molecular weight (or boiling point) of the solvent, but this correlation does not appear to be linear. The coercivity and remanence ratio of chemically synthesized cobalt depend on the crystallite size, phases present, and amount of disorder.
Confinement of CdSe Nanoparticles Inside MCM-41 (2000)

Control over spatial positioning of CdSe quantum dots(QDs) is a very important criterion for device fabrication. These authors utilize the ordered array of pores provided by the mesoporous material MCM-41 to achieve this. TEM of a single CdSe@MCM-41 particle (see Figure) shows that the hexagonally ordered mesostructure of MCM-41 is still intact after the growth of CdSe nanoparticles inside the mesopores.
Improvement of survival in VA patients with gall bladder cancer given chemotherapy (2006)

4132 Background: Gallbladder carcinoma, though rare, has very poor prognosis. Most of patients with gall bladder carcinoma present with either unresectable disease or metastasis. Median survival in gall bladder carcinoma has been documented to be 6 months in SEER data. There is no data available on the outcome of Veterans’ Affair (VA) patients with gall bladder carcinoma. Impact of chemotherapy in adjuvant and metastatic setting is not well-studied. Methods: We used the VA Central Cancer Registry (VACCR) to analyze VA patients with Gall Bladder cancer diagnosed between 1995 and 2005. The reference date for data collection and reporting is January 1, 1995. This site aggregates the data collected by the medical centers’ cancer registries. Data was entered and analyzed using bio-statistical software SPSS. Results: There were a total of 232 patients. Of these, 185 (79.7%) were whites and 37 (15.9%) were blacks. The mean age was 71 years. Pathology was adenocarcinoma in 198 (85.3%), non-specified carcinoma in 29 (12.5%) and small cell carcinoma in 5 (2.2%) cases. Overall median survival was 5.27 months. Surgery was performed in 119 patients (51%). Only 19 (16%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The baseline characteristics were similar between patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and no adjuvant chemotherapy. Also, the median survival was similar (8.3 months vs. 8.7 months) (P-value 0.37). In patients who did not undergo surgery, the median survival for patients who received chemotherapy was 8.0 months vs 1.7 months for patients who did not receive chemotherapy (p-value 0.013). Eighty-nine (38.5%) patients were diagnosed with stage IV disease. Amongst these patients chemotherapy improved the median survival (2 months vs. 6.97 months; p-value 0.04). In a Cox regression model stage, surgical margins, surgery, chemotherapy were independent predictors of patient survival. Conclusions: Gall bladder carcinoma in VA patients has similar survival compared to other reports. Our data is one of the largest retrospective cohorts in gall bladder cancer and suggests that chemotherapy improves survival in advanced gall bladder cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
High Pressure Compression-Molding of α-Cellulose and Effects of Operating Conditions (2013)

Commercial α-cellulose was compression-molded to produce 1A dog-bone specimens under various operating conditions without any additive. The resulting agromaterials exhibited a smooth, plastic-like surface, and constituted a suitable target as replacement for plastic materials. Tensile and three-points bending tests were conducted according to ISO standards related to the evaluation of plastic materials. The specimens had strengths comparable to classical petroleum-based thermoplastics. They also exhibited high moduli, which is characteristic of brittle materials. A higher temperature and higher pressure rate produced specimens with higher mechanical properties while low moisture content produced weaker specimens. Generally, the strong specimen had higher specific gravity and lower moisture content. However, some parameters did not follow the general trend e.g., thinner specimen showed much higher Young’s Modulus, although their specific gravity and moisture content remained similar to control, revealing a marked skin-effect which was confirmed by SEM observations.