gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-starting of passively mode-locked lasers with fast saturable absorbers (1995)

Self-starting of passively mode-locked lasers with fast saturable absorption is studied. Our basic assumption is that the lasers will self-start when cw operation is unstable and mode-locked operation is stable. We start with a standard model, closely related to the Ginzburg–Landau equation, that is valid when the change in the time variation of the laser light during one round trip through the laser is small, and we determine the parameter regime in which cw mode operation becomes unstable. Coupled with previous results on the stability of mode-locked operation, these results allow us to determine when a laser will self-start. We apply our theory to figure-eight lasers with external gain.
Differentiated Services for the Internet (1999)

From the Publisher:
Differentiated Services is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards effort to create a simple scheme which provides a range of quality of service (QoS) levels. It is one of the few technologies to date that will enable networks to handle traffic in a specific manner to meet the service demands of particular applications. This book offers network architects, engineers, and managers of Internet and other packet networks critical insight into the continuing development of Differentiated Services. Differentiated Services for the Internet includes: 
Exploration of how Diffserv can be used to diversify Internet service offerings Detailed evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of Differentiated Services (Diffserv) in comparison to traditional best effort network services Coverage of the IETF's Diffserv specification-the necessary basis for implementations of the technology Detailed coverage of interworking Diffserv with Integrated Services (Intserv) networks
Supreme Court of New York Appellate Division, Third Department - Kings Mall, LLC v. Wenk (2014)

Kings Mall, LLC, ("Kings Mall") the owner of a shopping mall, brought an action to permanently enjoin the defendants, a group of protestors against the war in Iraq, from entering its property. 2At the outset of the litigation, Kings Mall filed a motion for a preliminary injunction, and upon satisfaction of the requisite elements, 3 the state supreme court granted its motion. 4 The defendants appealed to the Appellate Division, Third Department, which addressed whether the defendants' free speech protections afforded under the United States Constitution 5 or the New York Constitution 6 were violated when they were enjoined from protesting against the federal government within the "privately" owned mall. 7 The appellate division affirmed, holding that the defendant's constitutional rights were not vi-' 839 N.Y
Preoperative and postoperative mapping of cerebrovascular reactivity in moyamoya disease by using blood oxygen level—dependent magnetic resonance imaging (2005)

Magnetic imaging-based CVR mapping during rapid manipulation of end-tidal PCO2 is an exciting new method for determining the location and extent of abnormal vascular reactivity secondary to proximal large-vessel stenoses in moyamoya disease. Although the study group is small, there seems to be considerable potential for guiding preoperative decisions and monitoring efficacy of surgical revascularization.
Intrinsic Asymmetry, Hysteresis, and Conformational Relaxation during Redox Switching in Polypyrrole:  A Coulovoltametric Study (1998)

Theoretical coulovoltammograms associated with the evolution of anodic charges when a polypyrrole film, which was previously compacted at a strong negative potential in a 0.1 M LiClO4 propylene carbonate solution, was submitted to anodic potential sweeps were compared with experimental responses. The electrochemically stimulated conformational relaxation (ESCR) model provides a good description of either the influence of the negative potential limit, the sweep rate, the temperature, or the electrolyte concentration on the rate of electrochemical oxidation, this being initiated through conformational relaxation processes and completed under counterions diffusion control. An analysis of both anodic and cathodic experimental branches, together with theoretical conformational relaxation curves, allows to detect four different structural rearrangement processes affecting electrochemical responses: the well-known conformational relaxation effect observed only in anodic branches, a hysteresis effect on cathodic curves at potentials lower than −600 mV vs SCE, an intrinsic asymmetry between anodic and cathodic branches, and a like-capacitive effect at the beginning of the anodic sweep. The combination of both hysteresis effects in cathodic branches and relaxation effects in anodic ones gives rise to a hysteresis cycle, whose integration yields the electrochemical energy required to expand the compacted polymer structure. On the other hand, the intrinsic asymmetry between anodic and cathodic branches has been related to the different values of coefficients zr and zc which, according to the ESCR interpretation, are associated with the electric charge required to open or close a mole of polymeric segments, respectively. This fact opens the possibility for a complete theoretical description of electrochemical responses of conducting polymers as a function of their structure.
Epstein–Barr virus latent infection membrane protein 1 TRAF-binding site induces NIK/IKKα-dependent noncanonical NF-κB activation (2003)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection membrane protein 1 (LMP1)-induced NF-kappaB activation is important for infected cell survival. LMP1 activates NF-kappaB, in part, by engaging tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), which also mediate NF-kappaB activation from LTbetaR and CD40. LTbetaR and CD40 activation of p100/NF-kappaB2 is now known to be NIK/IKKalpha-dependent and IKKbeta/IKKgamma independent. In the experiments described here, we found that EBV LMP1 induced p100/NF-kappaB2 processing in human lymphoblasts and HEK293 cells. LMP1-induced p100 processing was NIK/IKKalpha dependent and IKKbeta/IKKgamma independent. Furthermore, the LMP1 TRAF-binding site was required for p100 processing and p52 nuclear localization, whereas the LMP1 death domain-binding site was not. Moreover, the LMP1 TRAF-binding site preferentially caused RelB nuclear accumulation. In murine embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), IKKbeta was essential for LMP1 up-regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, TNFalpha, I-TAC, ELC, MIG, and CXCR4 RNAs. Interestingly, in IKKalpha knockout MEFs, LMP1 hyperinduced MIP-2, TNFalpha, and I-TAC expression, consistent with a role for IKKalpha in down-modulating canonical IKKbeta activation or its effects. In contrast, LMP1 failed to up-regulate CXCR4 and MIG RNA in IKKalpha knockout MEFs, indicating a dependence on noncanonical IKKalpha activation. Furthermore, LMP1 up-regulation of MIP-2 RNA in MEFs was both IKKbeta- and IKKgamma-dependent, whereas LMP1 upregulation of MIG and I-TAC RNA was fully IKKgamma independent. Thus, LMP1 induces typical canonical IKKbeta/IKKgamma-dependent, atypical canonical IKKbeta-dependent/IKKgamma-independent, and noncanonical NIK/IKKalpha-dependent NF-kappaB activations; NIK/IKKalpha-dependent NF-kappaB activation is principally mediated by the LMP1 TRAF-binding site.
The influence of a polymorphism at position -857 of the tumour necrosis factor   gene on clinical response to etanercept therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

RA patients with the T allele of TNFA -857C/T SNP respond better to etanercept therapy than homozygotes for the C allele, indicating that, when the results have been confirmed, this SNP could become a useful genetic marker for predicting responses.
Nocardia, nocardiosis and mycetoma. (1998)

The recent emergence of invasive infections due to Nocardia spp., including nosocomial outbreak, is now evident. Newer molecular diagnostic and typing methods are developed. Although sulfonamide-based therapy is generally effective, optimal treatment may be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates. The improved classification of nocardiae and other related genera such as actinomadurae, using the 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, provide a sound basis for improved diagnostic methods for the identification of members of clinically significant species. The commonest cause of eumycetoma in Sudan is Madurella mycetomatis, and Streptomyces somaliensis and Actinomadura madurae for actinomycetoma. The humoral immunity response in actinomycetoma patients and in experimental mice was measured and significant titre of anti-P24 antibody was demonstrated.
Long-term reduction of serum bilirubin levels in gunn rats by retroviral gene transfer in vivo (1998)

Conjugation with glucuronic acid, mediated by bilirubin-uridinediphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyltransferase (bilirubin-UGT), is essential for efficient biliary excretion of bilirubin. Inherited absence of this enzyme activity results in the potentially lethal Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I in humans and lifelong hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn rats. To develop a gene therapy for bilirubin-UGT deficiency, we constructed a high-titer replication-deficient amphotropic recombinant retrovirus (MFG-S hB-UGT1) capable of transferring the gene encoding bilirubin-UGT1, the principal bilirubin-UGT isoform in human liver. To stimulate hepatocyte proliferation, Gunn rats were subjected to 66% hepatectomy. After 24 hours, the portal vein, the hepatic artery, and the inferior vena cava above and below the hepatic vein were clamped, and the portal vein and the isolated segment of the vena cava were cannulated. The liver was perfused with the MFG-S hB-UGT1 preparation through the portal vein at 5 ml/min for 10 minutes, then circulation was restored. Control rat livers were perfused with a recombinant retrovirus expressing Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. In MFG-S hB-UGT1-perfused rats, but not in controls, expression of human bilirubin-UGT1 was shown by immunotransblotting, bilirubin-UGT assay of liver homogenates, and biliary excretion of bilirubin diglucuronide and monoglucuronide. Mean serum bilirubin levels decreased by 20% to 25% in 3 weeks and remained at that level throughout the study period (18 months). This is the first report of long-term amelioration of inherited jaundice by retrovirus-directed gene therapy in an animal model for Crigler-Najjar syndrome.
Elite control of HIV Infection: implications for vaccines and treatment. (2007)

Spontaneous and sustained ("elite," or aviremic) control of HIV infection (ie, maintaining HIV RNA to less than 50 copies/mL in the absence of therapy) appears to occur in approximately 1 in 300 HIV-infected persons, and represents a distinct phenotype among HIV-infected individuals. Through a recently established international collaboration called the HIV Controller Consortium, over 300 elite controllers have been identified and blood samples collected. These ongoing studies will not only examine the immune responses to HIV that elite controllers generate, but will also make use of a newly available approach to defining the genetic basis of disease. Specifically, the consortium is attempting to determine the genetic basis underlying spontaneous control by performing whole genome analysis scans together with functional immunology studies in a large population of elite controllers. The goal of these studies is to provide insights that will help define the crucial parameters present in persons who are able to control HIV infection, similar to the control most people have with Epstein-Barr virus and varicella, namely by holding the virus in check. These findings could assist in the development of vaccines and new therapies. This article summarizes a presentation on spontaneous control of HIV infection and its implications for vaccine development made by Bruce D. Walker, MD, at an International AIDS Society-USA Continuing Medical Education course in New York in March 2007. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.
Labor and Employment Law (2006)

This Article surveys recent developments in the state statutory and common law that affect labor and employment relations of Georgia employers. Accordingly, it surveys published decisions interpreting Georgia law from June 1, 2008 to May 31, 2009. This Article also includes highlights of certain revisions to the Official Code of Georgia Annotated (O.C.G.A.).
Impairment of bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the striatum of a mouse model of DYT1 dystonia: role of endogenous acetylcholine (2009)

DYT1 dystonia is a severe form of inherited dystonia, characterized by involuntary twisting movements and abnormal postures. It is linked to a deletion in the dyt1 gene, resulting in a mutated form of the protein torsinA. The penetrance for dystonia is incomplete, but both clinically affected and non-manifesting carriers of the DYT1 mutation exhibit impaired motor learning and evidence of altered motor plasticity. Here, we characterized striatal glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in transgenic mice expressing either the normal human torsinA or its mutant form, in comparison to non-transgenic (NT) control mice. Medium spiny neurons recorded from both NT and normal human torsinA mice exhibited normal long-term depression (LTD), whereas in mutant human torsinA littermates LTD could not be elicited. In addition, although long-term potentiation (LTP) could be induced in all the mice, it was greater in magnitude in mutant human torsinA mice. Low-frequency stimulation (LFS) can revert potentiated synapses to resting levels, a phenomenon termed synaptic depotentiation. LFS induced synaptic depotentiation (SD) both in NT and normal human torsinA mice, but not in mutant human torsinA mice. Since anti-cholinergic drugs are an effective medical therapeutic option for the treatment of human dystonia, we reasoned that an excess in endogenous acetylcholine could underlie the synaptic plasticity impairment. Indeed, both LTD and SD were rescued in mutant human torsinA mice either by lowering endogenous acetylcholine levels or by antagonizing muscarinic M1 receptors. The presence of an enhanced acetylcholine tone was confirmed by the observation that acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly increased in the striatum of mutant human torsinA mice, as compared with both normal human torsinA and NT littermates. Moreover, we found similar alterations of synaptic plasticity in muscarinic M2/M4 receptor knockout mice, in which an increased striatal acetylcholine level has been documented. The loss of LTD and SD on one hand, and the increase in LTP on the other, demonstrate that a 'loss of inhibition' characterizes the impairment of synaptic plasticity in this model of DYT1 dystonia. More importantly, our results indicate that an unbalanced cholinergic transmission plays a pivotal role in these alterations, providing a clue to understand the ability of anticholinergic agents to restore motor deficits in dystonia.
In vivo activities of acidic fibroblast growth factor-Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion proteins (1994)

Fibroblast growth factor receptors are highly expressed in a variety of cancer cells and activated vasculature. Using chimeric toxins targeted to cell-surface a FGF receptors, we have demonstrated specific cytotoxic activity to these cell types. These molecules, aFGF-PE40 and aFGF-PE40 KDEL, are fusion proteins containing acidic FGF and either a 40- or a 66-kDa binding defective form of Pseudomonas exotoxin, respectively. Both aFGF-toxin fusion proteins were able to inhibit protein synthesis in vitro in a variety of carcinoma cell lines. The half-life of aFGF-PE40 in serum was found to be 41 min when coadministered with heparin. Administration of aFGF-PE40 or aFGF-PE4E KDEL with heparin inhibits the growth of established KB and preestablished A431 epidermoid carcinoma xenografts in athymic mice. The antitumor activities of the two aFGF-toxin fusion proteins were equivalent against the KB tumor xenografts. While we were able to slow the growth of the KB tumor xenografts, we were unable to cause tumor regressions. Histochemical analysis of treated versus untreated tumor tissue revealed a difference in tumor size but not of vascularity. We conclude that aFGF-PE40 and aFGF-PE4E KDEL have in vivo antitumor activity that targets the tumor cell mass rather than vascular structures in mice xenografted with human epidermoid carcinoma.
Initiating and Cancer-Propagating Cells in <i>TEL-AML1</i> -Associated Childhood Leukemia (2008)

Understanding cancer pathogenesis requires knowledge of not only the specific contributory genetic mutations but also the cellular framework in which they arise and function. Here we explore the clonal evolution of a form of childhood precursor-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia that is characterized by a chromosomal translocation generating a TEL-AML1 fusion gene. We identify a cell compartment in leukemic children that can propagate leukemia when transplanted in mice. By studying a monochorionic twin pair, one preleukemic and one with frank leukemia, we establish the lineal relationship between these "cancer-propagating" cells and the preleukemic cell in which the TEL-AML1 fusion first arises or has functional impact. Analysis of TEL-AML1-transduced cord blood cells suggests that TEL-AML1 functions as a first-hit mutation by endowing this preleukemic cell with altered self-renewal and survival properties.
A spectrum efficient technique for cordless telephone access to ISDN (1989)

In both the FDMA and TDMA type systems proposed, a particular radio channel or time slot can either be allocated to a voice handset or a data handset and not both. The allocation mechanism assumes that a symmetrically duplex channel or slot is continuously required. The authors propose an alternative allocation mechanism that takes advantage of the fact that a symmetrically duplex channel is not continuously required during an interactive conversion. Their method is based on an adaptive conversational speech transmission technique proposed by Paratz and Jones (1985). The technique relies on detecting the different modes (talk, listen and double-talk) of an interactive conversation and permits different transmission bit rates in each of the modes without noticeably degrading the subjective quality of the speech. They identify two main advantages of applying the technique to cordless telecommunication systems. Firstly, the use of silence detection means that on average, each call has a lower cochannel interference contribution and thus a higher system voice capacity can be expected. The simulation results show that this is indeed the case. Secondly, it is possible to transmit packet data, at appropriate times, over a slot or channel that has been allocated to a conversation. The transmission format that allows voice and data to be multiplexed onto a single channel or slot. >
Investigating Cancer Molecular Genetics using Genome-wide RNA Interference Screens: A Dissertation (2013)

The development of RNAi based technologies has given researchers the tools to interrogate processes as diverse as cancer biology, metabolism and organ development. Here I employ genome-wide shRNA screens to discover the genes involved in two different processes in carcinogenesis, oncogene-induced senescence [OIS] and epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes [TSGs]. OIS is a poorly studied yet significant tumor suppressing mechanism in normal cells where they enter cell cycle arrest [senescence] or programmed cell death [apoptosis] in the presence of an activated oncogene. Here I employ a genomewide shRNA screen and identify a secreted protein, IGFBP7, that induces senescence and apoptosis in melanocytes upon introduction of the oncogene BRAF V600E . Expression of BRAF V600E in primary cells leads to synthesis and secretion of IGFBP7, which acts through autocrine/paracrine pathways to inhibit BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling and induce senescence and apoptosis. Apoptosis results from IGFBP7-mediated upregulation of BNIP3L, a proapoptotic BCL2 family protein. Recombinant IGFBP7 has potent pro-apoptotic and anti-tumor activity in mouse xenograft models using BRAF V600E -postive melanoma cell lines. Finally, IGFBP7 is epigenetically silenced in human melanoma samples suggesting IGFBP7 expression is a key barrier to melanoma formation. Next I investigated the factors involved in epigenetic silencing in cancer. The TSG p14 ARF is inactivated in a wide range of cancers by promoter hypermethylation through unknown mechanisms. To discover p14 ARF epigenetic silencing factors, I performed a genome-wide shRNA screen and identified ZNF304, a zinc finger transcription factor that contains a Kruppel-associated box [KRAB] repressor domain. I show that ZNF304 binds to the p14 AR F promoter and recruits a KRAB co-repressor complex containing KAP1, SETDB1 and DNMT1 for silencing. We find oncogenic RAS signaling to promote the silencing of p14ARF by USP28-mediated stabilization of ZNF304. In addition I find ZNF304 to be overexpressed in human colorectal cancers and responsible for hypermethylation of over 50 TSGs known as Group 2 CIMP marker genes. My findings establish ZNF304 as a novel oncogene that directs epigenetic silencing and facilitates tumorigenicity in colorectal cancer.
Ageing Effect on Ethyl Cellulose Films (1997)

The effect of physical ageing on the electrical properties, such as thermally stimulated discharge currents (TSDC) and conduction currents, of ethyl cellulose (EC) has been analysed. The TSDC thermograms of EC samples, poled with 100kVcm-1 at different poling temperatures (i.e. 50, 70 and 90°C) consist of two peaks located at 70±5°C and 110±5°C, respectively. The conductivity measurements were made over a time period of 101–103min in the temperature range 30–125°C with a poling field of 100kVcm-1. It has been observed that physical ageing considerably affects the magnitude of the thermally stimulated depolarization and conduction currents of EC films. This ageing effect, which has been attributed to continuous vitrification of a polymer, is considered to enhance the life-time of a polymer electret. © of SCI.
Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers for the remediation of PCBs and dioxins in aqueous environments (2014)

This paper, reports on the approach devised to remediate water sources contaminated with PCBs and dioxins. The approach reported is based on the synthesis of highly selective molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The paper elaborates the materials, procedures and protocols devised and followed for the synthesis of MIPs. The characterization of the synthesized MIPs and NIPs were performed using a number of techniques, such as FTIR, SEM, etc. The FTIR results show a broad OH stretching vibration peaks associated with methacrylic acid carboxylic group (COOH). at 3710 cm(-1) for NIP and 3588 cm(-1) for MIP, -CH2 stretching peak at 2953 cm(-1)for NIP, peaks due to the presence of methylene group in both MAA and EDMA appearing at 2951 cm(-1) for MIP. The carbonyl group C = O stretching peak was observed in both MIP and NIP at 1721 cm(-1) and this might have originated from MAA and EDMA respectively in both MIP and NIP. Weak combination bands from 1637 cm(-1) to 1249 cm(-1) and sharp bands at 1143 cm(-1) specifically on MIPs spectra indicated the presence of aromatic ring of the template. The surface area of MIP was found to be 74.0010 m(2)/g, thus larger than that for NIP which was 58.6519 m(2)/g due to the presence of cavities on MIPs. The fit of the Langmuir model was found to be r (2) = 0.5842 while Freundlich model were found to be r(2) = 0.3241, signifying that better correlation was with Langmuir than Freundlich.