gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seeping Semantics: Linking Datasets Using Word Embeddings for Data Discovery (2018)

Employees that spend more time finding relevant data than analyzing it suffer from a data discovery problem. The large volume of data in enterprises, and sometimes the lack of knowledge of the schemas aggravates this problem. Similar to how we navigate the Web, we propose to identify semantic links that assist analysts in their discovery tasks. These links relate tables to each other, to facilitate navigating the schemas. They also relate data to external data sources, such as ontologies and dictionaries, to help explain the schema meaning. We materialize the links in an enterprise knowledge graph, where they become available to analysts. The main challenge is how to find pairs of objects that are semantically related. We propose SEMPROP, a DAG of different components that find links based on syntactic and semantic similarities. SEMPROP is commanded by a semantic matcher which leverages word embeddings to find objects that are semantically related. We introduce coherent group, a technique to combine word embeddings that works better than other state of the art combination alternatives. We implement SEMPROP as part of Aurum, a data discovery system we are building, and conduct user studies, real deployments and a quantitative evaluation to understand the benefits of links for data discovery tasks, as well as the benefits of SEMPROP and coherent groups to find those links.
Global illumination models for volume rendering (1994)

The increasing demand for realistic images has led to the development of several global illumination models and rendering techniques. Great effort has been taken to extend these illumination models and optimize the rendering techniques to produce more realistic images in less time. Despite this effort, most of these methods are designed for scenes consisting of geometric surface descriptions, and cannot directly render volumetric data. Volumetric data sets can be rendered using volume rendering techniques that, in order to decrease rendering times and therefore increase interactivity, typically employ only a local illumination model.
The development of global illumination models and rendering techniques for volumetric data is the focus of this work. These illumination methods can be used to generate realistic images of scenes containing volumetric as well as geometric data. The volumetric global illumination methods can be employed by a visualization system in order to add intuitive cues to an image for a greater three-dimensional understanding of a scene. Also, these methods allow for amorphous effects that can not be captured using geometric illumination models, including clouds, fog, and smoke.
A volumetric ray tracing method is presented that encompasses classical ray tracing while allowing for volume rendering effects. The definition of an intersection is extended to include intersection points for surface contributions to the intensity equation, and intersection segments for volumetric contributions. A method for accelerating primary and shadow rays is developed.
A volumetric radiosity method is presented that encompasses classical radiosity while also including isotropic and diffuse volumetric interactions. Geometric surfaces and volumetric isosurfaces are approximated using standard surface patches, and voxels are used to approximate participating volumes. Diffuse volumetric interactions make it possible to give the appearance of shaded surfaces to scenes consisting of only volumetric data. Hierarchical techniques are applied to decrease the number of interactions required for a solution.
Multipass methods are developed to increase realism by combining illumination methods. A multipass method that combines volumetric ray tracing and volumetric radiosity is presented. Also, a multipass method that extends volumetric ray tracing to account for indirect specular lighting is presented.
Security Analysis of Online Centroid Anomaly Detection (2010)

Security issues are crucial in a number of machine learning applications, especially in scenarios dealing with human activity rather than natural phenomena (e.g., information ranking, spam detection, malware detection, etc.). It is to be expected in such cases that learning algorithms will have to deal with manipulated data aimed at hampering decision making. Although some previous work addressed the handling of malicious data in the context of supervised learning, very little is known about the behavior of anomaly detection methods in such scenarios. In this contribution we analyze the performance of a particular method -- online centroid anomaly detection -- in the presence of adversarial noise. Our analysis addresses the following security-related issues: formalization of learning and attack processes, derivation of an optimal attack, analysis of its efficiency and constraints. We derive bounds on the effectiveness of a poisoning attack against centroid anomaly under different conditions: bounded and unbounded percentage of traffic, and bounded false positive rate. Our bounds show that whereas a poisoning attack can be effectively staged in the unconstrained case, it can be made arbitrarily difficult (a strict upper bound on the attacker's gain) if external constraints are properly used. Our experimental evaluation carried out on real HTTP and exploit traces confirms the tightness of our theoretical bounds and practicality of our protection mechanisms.
FTIR Characterization of Water–Polymer Interactions in Superacid Polymers (2013)

The OD stretch of dilute HOD in H2O absorbed in a series of sulfonated syndiotactic poly(styrene) and sulfonated poly(sulfone) membranes was studied using FTIR spectroscopy to measure how the character of the sulfonate head group and the backbone polarity influenced the water-membrane interactions. Using a three-state model, the OD stretch yielded information about the populations of absorbed water participating in hydrogen bonds with polymer-tethered sulfonate groups, water in an intermediate state, or water hydrogen bonding with other water molecules. The perfluoroalkyl sulfonate moiety, which behaves as a superacid, consistently displayed the largest fraction of head-group-associated water due to its strong acidic character. Measurements of the OD stretch gave insight into the strength of the hydrogen bonds formed between water and the sulfonate groups. Water associated with the superacid displayed an OD stretch peak position that was blueshifted by 39 cm(-1) compared to the aryl-sulfonate-associated water with an OD stretching frequency that was centered at 2547 cm(-1). The polarity of the polymer backbone also affected the OD stretch peak position. As hydration increased, the OD peak stretching frequency in poly(styrene)-based membranes displayed a red shift from 2566 to 2553 cm(-1), whereas there was no OD peak maxima shift in poly(sulfone)-based membranes due to the greater amount of intermediate water in the more polar poly(sulfone) backbone system.
Needlestick and Sharps Injury Prevention (2004)

Every day while caring for patients, nurses are at risk to exposure to bloodborne pathogens potentially resulting in infections such as HIV or hepatitis B and C. These exposures, while preventable, are often accepted as being a part of the job. In the United States, needlestick injuries have begun to decrease from an estimated one million exposures per year in 1996 to 385,000 per year in 2000. This decline has resulted from the protections afforded by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. Reasons for the success in decreasing needlestick and sharps injuries may be attributed to the elimination of needle recapping and the use of safer needle devices, sharps collection boxes, gloves and personal protective gear, and universal precautions. The prevention of needlestick injuries has made slow progress over the past 20 years since the HIV epidemic drew attention to the deadly nature of health care work and to protection of health care worker health and safety. In Africa, where the AIDS virus originated and where the prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among hospitalized patients is highest in the world, attention has been directed only recently at protecting health care workers. Nurses, especially those infected from a preventable exposure, have been at the forefront of advocacy for prevention. This article includes a review about the hazard of exposure to bloodborne pathogens and epidemiology of occupational infection. The author discusses how to apply standard methods of occupational health and industry hygiene using the hierarchy of controls framework to prevent exposure to blood, and discusses evidence-based prevention and efficacy of particular control measures. Legislative progress and implementation of enforceable policy to protect health care workers is outlined.
Azide-Phenolic Resin Resists Sensitive To Visible Light (1985)

Two kinds of negative photoresists, MRL(N) and MRG have been obtained by sensitizing poly-vinylphenol with aromatic azides synthesized by condensing isophorone with p-azidobenz-aldehyde and p-azidocinnamaldehyde. The sensitivity of MRG to g line (436 nm), expressed by the dose necessary for 50 % film thickness to remain on the substrate after development (D1°) is 55 mJ/cm2. MRL(N) is less sensitive to g line than MRG, however, its ID" value to i line (365 nm) is 13 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. Both resists do not swell in aqueous alkaline developer, and conse-quently have high resolution capability. The quantum efficiency of photodecomposition of azide has been determined. The values ranged from 0.10 to 0.24. The photoinsolubilization of resist is considered to be mainly due to the increase in molecular weight of polyvinylphenol by the recombination of polymer radicals with each other.
Radiation doses in cone‐beam breast computed tomography: A Monte Carlo simulation study (2011)

Our results indicate that it is sufficient to use homogeneous breast models derived from CBCT generated structured breast models to estimate the average dose. This investigation also shows that ellipsoidal digital phantoms of similar dimensions (diameter and height) and glandularity to actual breasts may be used to represent a real breast to estimate the average breast dose with Monte Carlo simulation. We have also successfully demonstrated the use of structured breast models to estimate the true MGDs and shown that the normalized MGDs decreased with the glandularity as previously reported by other researchers for CBBCT or mammography.
<title>Technology for integrated spatial light modulators based on reflective membranes</title> (2002)

Two approaches toward the fabrication of a spatial light modulator are presented. The first approach uses a pixelated nitride membrane that is suspended by a grid structure over an electrode array. Deformation of each membrane segment is achieved by means of electrostatic attraction. By using a continuous reflective surface, we achieve a 100% optical fill factor. Since we can coat with any metal or combination of materials, these devices can, in principle, handle high optical loads over a wide spectral range. We have tried different spacer materials and dimensions with this approach. In the second approach, the membrane rests on a viscoelastic carrier layer. During fabrication we use the thin nitride membrane to ensure uniformity of the elastic layer after which it is used as an etch stop for the bulk silicon etchant. This type of device is more robust, can use smaller pixel sizes, but has less sensitivity at low voltages. To achieve an optimal, but simple fabrication procedure, the membranes and electronics are fabricated in different processes, ensuring a higher optical quality of the membrane and increasing yield at lower costs. Applications lie in the field of projection displays, optical lithography, optical communication networks, etc.
Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from patients with Crohnʼs disease using nucleic acid-based techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2007)

This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using nucleic acid-based techniques to detect Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) compared with controls. Database searches were conducted and risk difference estimates were calculated using meta-analysis. Fifty-eight studies were reviewed, 47 of which were included in the analysis. The pooled estimate of risk difference from all studies was 0.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.32) using a random effects model. Similarly, MAP was detected more frequently from patients with CD compared with those with ulcerative colitis (risk difference 0.19, 95% CI, 0.10-0.28). Year of study, assay type, and inclusion of children explained some but not all of the observed heterogeneity. The data confirms the observation that MAP is detected more frequently among CD patients compared with controls. However, the pathogenic role of this bacterium in the gut remains uncertain. Our analysis demonstrates that there is an association between MAP and CD, across many sites, by many investigators, and controlling for a number of factors; however, this association remains controversial and inconclusive. Future studies should determine whether there is a pathogenic role.
Gel-chromatography fractionation and thermal characterization of rice starch affected by hydrothermal treatment. (1996)

Two rice cultivars, high amylose TNS 19 and waxy TCW 70, were selected for a study of thermal behavior and molecular redistribution of rice starch after hydrothermal treatments. The treatment conditions included soaking for 2 hr at 40°C and steaming for 10 or 20 min at 0 and 18 psi steam pressure, respectively. Lower temperature endotherms, measured by differential scanning calorimetry, were observed at 65 and 72°C for the untreated TNS 19 and TCW 70, respectively. The hydrothermal treatments caused a shift to higher gelatinization temperatures and lower transition enthalpy changes. Simultaneously, a higher temperature endotherm was observed at 115°C for TNS 19 only. The thermal degradation of amylopectin apparently resulted in a decreased amount of large molecules and an increased amount of smaller molecules. The heat-moisture-treated rice flour was mixed with water and heated to gelatinization and then stored at 4 or 25°C. The transition enthalpies increased with concomitant decreases of transition peak temperatures during storage. These results indicate that the extent of retrogradation increases with storage time for both rice cultivars. At 4°C storage, a higher transition enthalpy was observed in waxy TCW 70 from day 7, although at 25°C storage, no similar changes were observed throughout 21 days.
Compression stockings for preventing deep vein thrombosis in airline passengers (2016)

There is high-quality evidence that airline passengers similar to those in this review can expect a substantial reduction in the incidence of symptomless DVT and low-quality evidence that leg oedema is reduced if they wear compression stockings. Quality was limited by the way that oedema was measured. There is moderate-quality evidence that superficial vein thrombosis may be reduced if passengers wear compression stockings. We cannot assess the effect of wearing stockings on death, pulmonary embolism or symptomatic DVT because no such events occurred in these trials. Randomised trials to assess these outcomes would need to include a very large number of people.
MUTANTS OF <i>S. CEREVISIAE</i> DEFECTIVE IN THE MAINTENANCE OF MINICHROMOSOMES (1984)

We have isolated yeast mutants that are defective in the maintenance of circular minichromosomes. The minichromosomes are mitotically stable plasmids, each of which contains a different ARS (autonomously replicating sequence), a centrometeric sequence, CEN5, and two yeast genes, LEU2 and URA3. Forty minichromosome maintenance-defective (Mcm-) mutants were characterized. They constitute 16 complementation groups. These mutants can be divided into two classes, specific and nonspecific, by their differential ability to maintain minichromosomes with different ARSs. The specific class of mutants is defective only in the maintenance of minichromosomes that carry a particular group of ARSs irrespective of the centromeric sequence present. The nonspecific class of mutants is defective in the maintenance of all minichromosomes tested irrespective of the ARS or centromeric sequence present. The specific class may include mutants that do not initiate DNA replication effectively at specific ARSs present on the minichromosomes; the nonspecific class may include mutants that are affected in the segregation and/or replication of circular plasmids in general.
CD38 Expression by Myeloma Cells and Its Role in the Context of Bone Marrow Microenvironment: Modulation by Therapeutic Agents (2019)

In the last decades CD38 has emerged as an attractive target for multiple myeloma (MM). CD38 is a novel multifunctional glycoprotein that acts as a receptor, adhesion molecule interacting with CD31 and as an ectoenzyme. As an ectoenzyme, CD38 functions as a metabolic sensor catalyzing the extracellular conversion of NAD+ to the immunosuppressive factor adenosine (ADO). Other ectoenzymes, CD73 and CD203a, together with CD38, are also involved in the alternative axis of extracellular production of ADO, bypassing the canonical pathway mediated by CD39. CD38 is ubiquitously expressed in the bone marrow microenvironment; however, only MM cells display a very high surface density, which lead to the development of several anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The efficacy of anti-CD38 mAbs depends from the presence of CD38 on the surface of MM and immune-microenvironment cells. Interestingly, it has been reported that several drugs like lenalidomide, panobinostat, the all-trans retinoic acid and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitors may increase the expression of CD38. Hence, the possibility to modulate CD38 by increasing its expression on MM cells is the pre-requisite to potentiate the clinical efficacy of the anti-CD38 mAbs and to design clinical trials with the combination of anti-CD38 mAbs and these drugs.
Genetic control of retinal projections in inbred strains of albino mice (1995)

Mutations in the tyrosinase gene are often associated with a misrouting of retinal ganglion cell axons at the optic chiasm. In albinos, tyrosinase activity is lost and some ganglion cell axons that would normally project into the ipsilateral optic tract instead cross midline and project into the contralateral tract. The developmental mechanisms that cause this modification in neuronal connectivity are unknown. In this study, we screened six diverse strains of albino mice (strains 129, A, AKR, BALB/c, C57BL/6-c/c, and CD-1) to discover genetically determined variations and possible gene loci that might affect the severity of the albino decussation abnormality. Ganglion cells were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase, and the ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting cells were counted. The average number of ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells in the six albino strains varies from 1,000 to 1,300. Despite this variation, 1.8-1.9% of the total population projects ipsilaterally in each strain. In comparison, 2.8% project ipsilaterally in the pigmented strain, C57BL/6(-)+/+. However, the percentage of displaced, ipsilaterally projecting cells varies substantially among albino strains--from a low of 4% in strain CD-1 to a high of nearly 10% in C57BL/6-c/c. We conclude that even with large differences in genetic background and in absolute numbers of ganglion cells, there is no appreciable variation in the magnitude of decussation error among albino mice. The consistent effect of null alleles at tyrosinase suggests a comparably tight linkage between the biochemical activity of this enzyme and the mechanisms that control decussation phenotype.
Preface (2021)

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AT-1310, AT-1487, and AT-3365: Clonal Jojoba Germplasm Selected for Horticultural Use (1989)

Abstract Cultivars or germplasm with published performance records are presently unavailable for jojoba. Only one cultivar, Mirov, is widely recognized in the industry, and it is not widely planted. Unfortunately, published performance records do not exist for this cultivar. Most existing commercial acreage has been planted with seed or seedlings collected from many different locations, or with cuttings collected from selected female plants growing in seedling plantings. There is a need for cultivars of known performance to both increase seed production of commercial plantings and to provide standards with which to compare other clones. The purpose of this report is to briefly describe three jojoba clones that have been studied for 8 years and have performed well in a field planting and to announce their release.
Hypoxia sensitization of hepatocytes to neutrophil elastase-mediated cell death depends on MAPKs and HIF-1α (2012)

The liver is sensitive to pathological conditions associated with tissue hypoxia (Hx) and the presence of activated neutrophils that secrete the serine protease elastase (EL). We demonstrated previously that cotreatment of rat hepatocytes with nontoxic levels of Hx and EL caused synergistic cell death. Hx is sensed by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, a transcription factor that heterodimerizes with HIF-1β/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator and directs expression of many genes, including the pro-cell death gene Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3). Since cell death from EL or Hx also requires MAPK activation, we tested the hypothesis that the cytotoxic interaction of Hx and EL depends on MAPK and HIF-1α signaling. Treatment of Hepa1c1c7 cells with EL in the presence of Hx (2% O(2)) resulted in synergistic cell death. EL reduced phosphorylated ERK in O(2)-replete and Hx-exposed cells, and ERK inhibition enhanced the cytotoxicity of EL alone. Hx-EL cotreatment caused an additive increase in phosphorylated p38, and p38 inhibition attenuated cell death caused by this cotreatment. EL enhanced Hx-induced HIF-1α accumulation and transcription of the HIF-1α-mediated cell death gene BNIP3, and p38 inhibition attenuated BNIP3 expression and production. Cytotoxicity and BNIP3 expression from EL-Hx cotreatment were reduced in HIF-1β-deficient HepaC4 cells compared with Hepa1c1c7 cells. These results suggest that p38 signaling contributes to Hx-EL cotreatment-induced cell death via modulation of HIF-1α-mediated gene transcription. Finally, lipid peroxidation was enhanced in Hx-EL-cotreated cells compared with cells treated with EL or Hx alone. Vitamin E treatment attenuated lipid peroxidation and protected cells from the cytotoxicity of Hx and EL, suggesting that lipid peroxidation plays a role.
Country Escaping Line in the Poetry of Philip Hodgins (2014)

This paper reevaluates the work of late Australian poet Philip Hodgins (1959-1995) in the context of related inquiries into the work of other late poets Jennifer Rankin and John Anderson. The emphasis is on Hodgins's 'landspeak', or the unusual capacities for his lines to both delimit Australian country and to leave open the potential for what is unknown and/or unseen. This relates to tropes of provincialism and of geopoetics in other Australian poetry. The paper argues that, despite the apparent conservatism of his poetics, Hodgins's work actually interrogates the foundations of colonial Australian places.
LibGuides: Women's Studies, Gender Studies, and LGBTQ+ Studies: Topical Issues (2014)

A guide for resources on gender studies, women's and feminist studies, and LGBTQ+ resources