gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of 1-Butanol and Trisodium Citrate Ion on Morphology and Chemical Properties of Chitosan-Based Microcapsules during Rigidification by Alkali Treatment (2014)

Linseed oil which has various biomedical applications was encapsulated by chitosan (Chi)-based microcapsules in the development of a suitable carrier. Oil droplets formed in oil-in-water emulsion using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as emulsifier was stabilized by Chi, and microcapsules with multilayers were formed by alternate additions of SDS and Chi solutions in an emulsion through electrostatic interaction. No chemical cross-linker was used in the study and the multilayer shell membrane was formed by ionic gelation using Chi and SDS. The rigidification of the shell membrane of microcapsules was achieved by alkali treatment in the presence of a small amount of 1-butanol to reduce aggregation. A trisodium citrate solution was used to stabilize the charge of microcapsules by ionic cross-linking. Effects of butanol during alkali treatment and citrate in post alkali treatment were monitored in terms of morphology and the chemical properties of microcapsules. Various characterization techniques revealed that the aggregation was decreased and surface roughness was increased with layer formation.
Microbubbles as x-ray scattering contrast agents using analyzer-based imaging (2010)

Conventional contrast agents utilized in diagnostic radiology are based on x-ray absorption properties; alternative physical principles capable of providing a contrast enhancement in radiographs have never been applied. This study exploits the possibility of using a novel type of contrast media based on x-ray scattering. The contrast agents consist of microbubble echo-enhancing agents, usually applied in ultrasound examinations, which are invisible with conventional x-ray absorption techniques. The experiment was carried out at the medical beamline of the synchrotron radiation laboratory ELETTRA in Trieste, Italy. A flat silicon analyzer crystal typically used for diffraction-enhanced imaging was utilized as a tool for detecting the scattering properties of the contrast agents. In analyzer-based imaging, it is possible to detect the scattering properties of the sample by shifting the analyzer crystal to selected positions of its reflectivity curve. In particular, when the sample consists of a large number of micro-particles an overall effect can be observed. Phantoms containing contrast agents based on microbubbles were imaged at different angular positions of the analyzer crystal. High visibility of the details was demonstrated, and a strong contrast enhancement was measured compared to normal x-ray absorption techniques.
Design of an Airborne Dual-Polarized Triple Stacked Patch Antenna for Broadband SAR Applications in P-Band (2002)

E-SAR is the DLR multi-frequency experimental airborne SAR system. Five different frequency bands from P- to X-band are established. General applications are measurements of tree height, biomass estimation, land use and land cover classification. P-band has a high ground penetrating capability and is a matter of particular interest for geoscience. Up till now the centre frequency of the P-band system was 450 MHz with a maximum bandwidth of 60MHz. To improve system performance the centre frequency is shifted to 350MHz and the maximum system bandwidth is extended to 100MHz. The design of a dual-polarised aperture-coupled triple stacked patch microstrip antenna for airborne SAR-systems, working at P-band, is presented. A bandwidth of 28% is achieved at a low level of cross polarisation with a centre frequency of 350MHz. The main beam of the passive array antenna points to an angle of 37° degree (off-nadir). Physical key parameters are discussed depending mechanical boundary conditions like maximum weight and dimensions. Single antenna element structure for wide band operation and the orientation of the elements in the antenna group is shown. Another aspect is the passive phase shifting network and amplitude steering in a small array antenna with high coupling effects between the elements. Measurements of the reflection coefficient and far field pattern of the P-band array are shown. Finally some aspects of attaching the antenna to a small turboprop aircraft are presented.
Leukapheresis* by Continuous Flow Centrifugation (CFC) in Patients with Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML) (1969)

Abstract A closed continuous flow centrifuge (NCI-IBM Blood Cell Separator) was utilized to collect large quantities of leukocytes from donors with chronic myelocytic leukemia. Ninety-eight separate centrifugations of one to six hours duration were performed in 12 patients. Quantities of blood between 2.4-20.3 liters were processed during each centrifugation representing 0.4-3.2 donor blood volumes. An additional five centrifugations were attempted unsuccessfully. Buffy coat cells were collected while plasma and red blood cells were returned to the donor without change in flow or gravitational field. White blood cell yields of up to 75 per cent were obtained while platelet yields were electively varied from 0.1 per cent in donors with thrombocytopenia to 61.0 per cent in donors with thrombocytosis. Red blood cell hemolysis and excessive platelet losses with thrombocytopenia were not observed. One patient developed chills and fever of unknown etiology on two separate occasions, once during and once following CFC Leukocytes collected by this method and transfused into granulocytopenic recipients resulted in granulocyte increments of 2.0 x 103 per mm3 per 1011 granulocytes per m2 of body surface area. The persistence of cells with the Ph1 chromosome in the bone marrow of recipients demonstrated that viable proliferating cells survived the procedure.
Healing of periapical lesions of pulpless teeth after endodontic treatment with controlled asepsis (1987)

Abstract Using a careful anaerobic bacteriological technique, bacteria were shown to be eliminated from infected root canals before the endodontic treatment was finished by root filling. Healing of the periapical lesions of the teeth was followed for 2–5 yr. The majority of the 79 lesions healed completely or decreased in size in such a way that they could be expected to heal. In 5 cases there was no or only an insignificant decrease in the size of the lesions. Two of these lesions were shown to contain bacteria of the species Actinomyces or Arachnid. In another case there were dentin chips in the periapical tissue. Periapical lesions which fail to heal in spite of careful bacteriological monitoring of the endodontic treatment may in some cases be due to an establishment of the bacteria outside the root canal in the periapical tissue. In these sites, the bacteria are inaccessible to conventional endodontic treatment.
Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology (1981)

1. The Human Body: An Overview. 2. The Heart and Circulatory System. 3. Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation & Measurement. 4. Basic Theories of Measurement. 5. Signals and Noise. 6. Electrodes, Sensors, and Transducers. 7. Bioelectric Amplifiers. 8. Electrocardiographs. 9. Physiological Pressure and Other Cardiovascular Measurements and Devices. 10. The Human Respiratory System and Its Measurement. 11. Respiratory Therapy Equipment. 12. The Human Nervous System 13. Instrumentation for Measuring Brain Function. 14. Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 15. Operating Rooms. 16. Medical Laboratory Instrumentation. 17. Medical Ultrasonography. 18. Electrosurgery Generators. 19. Care and Feeding of Battery-Operated Medical Equipment. 20. Waveform Display Devices. 21. Electro-Optics (Fiber Optics and Lasers). 22. Computers in Biomedical Equipment. 23. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Equipment. 24. Electromagnetic Interference to Medical Electronic Equipment. 25. Quality Assurance and Continuous Quality Improvement. 26. Medical Equipment Maintenance: Management, Facilities, and Equipment. 27. Requirements Management. Appendix A. Some Math Notes. Appendix B. Medical Terminology. Appendix C. Glossary. Appendix D. Electrical Safety in the Medical Environment. Index.
Neutral beams for ITER (invited)a) (1996)

Neutral beam injection has been the most successful scheme used to heat magnetically confined plasmas studied in controlled nuclear fusion research, and neutral beams are a candidate to heat to ignition the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER). This article describes the system which is presently being designed in Europe, Japan, and Russia, with coordination by the Joint Central Team of ITER at Naka, Japan. The proposed system consists of three negative ion based neutral injectors, delivering a total of 50 MW of 1 MeV D0 to the ITER plasma for pulse length of ≳1000 s. The proposed injectors each use a single caesiated volume arc discharge negative ion source, and a multigrid, multiaperture accelerator, to produce about 40 A of 1 MeV D−. This will be neutralized in a subdivided gas neutralizer, which has a conversion efficiency of about 60%. The charged fraction of the beam emerging from the neutralizer is dumped onto the water-cooled surfaces making up the electrostatic residual ion dump. A water-cooled calorimeter can be moved into the beam path to intercept the neutral beam, allowing commissioning of the injector independent of ITER.
VHDL-based system simulation and performance measurement (1994)

Describes the techniques employed in the development of a VHDL-based system simulation of the Honeywell RH32 Prototype Development Unit (PDU). The architecture of the PDU is briefly described, and a design process is presented. The system simulation approach is discussed, including simulation model types, their development and validation, and test-bench structure. Additionally, techniques for performance measurement and analysis of the simulation results are discussed, which can be used to improve the system design at the chip and board levels. Finally, conclusions drawn from this effort are presented, along with indications of future work to be performed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Basal Pennsylvanian transgression in the Ozarks (1935)

Research Article| May 31, 1935 Basal Pennsylvanian transgression in the Ozarks C. L. DAKE C. L. DAKE †Died September 1, 1934. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1935) 46 (5): 697–714. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-46-697 Article history received: 13 Apr 1934 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation C. L. DAKE; Basal Pennsylvanian transgression in the Ozarks. GSA Bulletin 1935;; 46 (5): 697–714. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-46-697 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract INTRODUCTIONThe transgression of the basal Pennsylvanian across the older strata of the Ozark region involves a wide variety of problems, some of them more or less unusual in character, through as varied a range of subjects as physiography, paleogeography, stratigraphy, structure, and sedimentation. On some of these, considerable detailed information is already available, but most of it is widely scattered through the literature, whereas on others practically nothing has been written. For over twenty years, the writer has been living in the center of this interesting area, and has had almost constant contact with its problems, but not until recently has he realized that many of the conditions were more or less unique to the Ozark uplift. During the last three or four years, there has been a growing conviction that here is a field for important research on a great variety of phenomena of vital significance. It has . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.
Phylogenetic Analysis of SIV and STLV Type I in Mandrills ( <i>Mandrillus sphinx</i> ): Indications That Intracolony Transmissions Are Predominantly the Result of Male-to-Male Aggressive Contacts (1998)

Natural SIVmnd and STLVmnd infections of mandrills in a colony at the Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) in Gabon were investigated by genetic analysis to determine the extent of intracolony transmission. SIVmnd pol sequence analysis indicates that the six strains present in the colony belong to the SIVmnd lentivirus subgroup previously defined according to the only available prototype sequence (SIVmndGB1), which originated from the same colony. The intraanimal nucleotide diversity (1.1-3.1%) was similar in range to that reported in individuals infected by other HIV/SIVs. The interanimal diversity (0.5-4.3%) was not significantly different from that observed in each individual mandrill, indicating an epidemiological link among the SIVmnd isolates of distinct animals within the colony. Phylogenetic analysis of these isolates, together with seroepidemiological and behavior surveillance within the colony, indicates a predominant male-to-male transmission of SIVmnd that probably occurred during bouts of interanimal aggression. Moreover, our results suggest one case of vertical transmission of SIVmnd from a naturally infected founder female to one of her six offspring. The first genetic analysis of STLV isolates from mandrills is also reported here. Partial tax/rex sequences were used to evaluate the diversity between seven STLVmnd isolates and their phylogenetic relationships with other known strains of human and nonhuman primate T cell leukemia virus, types I and II (PTLV-I/II). They all belong to the PTLV-I subtype, but two genetically distinct STLVmnd groups were evidenced within the mandrill colony. The phylogenetic analyses of the STLVmnd isolates, together with seroepidemiological and behavior surveillance of the mandrills, indicate that intracolony transmissions of STLVmnd are also predominantly the result of male-to-male aggressive contacts.
Fragments Combination of DNA Sequence Alignment Using Fuzzy Reasoning Rule (2012)

We proposed a method complementing failure of combining DNA fragments, defect of conventional contig assembly programs. In the proposed method, very long DNA sequence data are made into a prototype of fragment of about 700 bases that can be analyzed by automatic sequence analyzer at one time, and then matching ratio is calculated by comparing a standard prototype with 3 fragmented clones of about 700 bases generated by the PCR method. In this process, the time for calculation of matching ratio is reduced by Compute Agreement algorithm. Two candidates of combined fragments of every prototype are extracted by the degree of overlapping of calculated fragment pairs, and then degree of combination is decided using a fuzzy inference method that utilizes the matching ratios of each extracted fragment, and A, C, G, T membership degrees of each DNA sequence, and previous frequencies of each A, C, G, T. In this paper, DNA sequence combination is completed by the iteration of the process to combine decided optimal test fragments until no fragment remains. For the experiments, fragments of about 700 bases were generated from each sequence of 10,000 bases and 100,000 bases extracted from ‘PCC6803’, complete protein genome. From the experiments by applying random mutations on these fragments, we could see that the proposed method was faster than FAP program, and combination failure, defect of conventional contig assembly programs, did not occur..
Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: Cross-sectional & longitudinal analyses. (2009)

Loneliness among middle and older age adults is an independent risk factor for physical inactivity and increases the likelihood that physical activity will be discontinued over time.
Evaluation of plasma androgen and estrogen concentrations in ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism (1996)

The condition that develops in ferrets with adrenal gland disease apparently is caused by excessive secretion of 1 or more steroids other than cortisol. Because concentration of a particular hormone was not high in all ferrets, we recommend determining plasma concentrations of several sex steroids, including androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and estradiol.
Respiratory Fluid Mechanics and Transport Processes (2001)

The field of respiratory flow and transport has experienced significant research activity over the past several years. Important contributions to the knowledge base come from pulmonary and critical care medicine, surgery, physiology, environmental health sciences, biophysics, and engineering. Several disciplines within engineering have strong and historical ties to respiration including mechanical, chemical, civil/environmental, aerospace and, of course, biomedical engineering. This review draws from a wide variety of scientific literature that reflects the diverse constituency and audience that respiratory science has developed. The subject areas covered include nasal flow and transport, airway gas flow, alternative modes of ventilation, nonrespiratory gas transport, aerosol transport, airway stability, mucus transport, pulmonary acoustics, surfactant dynamics and delivery, and pleural liquid flow. Within each area are a number of subtopics whose exploration can provide the opportunity of both depth and breadth for the interested reader.
Novel electrospun bioadhesive oral patches for mucosal drug delivery (2016)

electrospun bioadhesive oral patches for mucosal drug delivery.
Regulation of transcription of the germ-line Ig alpha constant region gene by an ATF element and by novel transforming growth factor-beta 1-responsive elements (1992)

Inasmuch as transcription of unrearranged, or germ-line, Ig CH genes appears to direct switch recombination, understanding the regulation of this transcription is essential for understanding the regulation of class switching. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) induces germ-line alpha transcripts and increases class switching to IgA in the I.29 mu B lymphoma and in Peyer's patch and splenic B cells. It has been previously demonstrated that induction of germ-line alpha transcripts by TGF-beta occurs at the transcriptional level in I.29 mu cells. We now demonstrate that the DNA segment located 5' to the initiation sites of germ-line alpha RNA drives expression of a luciferase reporter gene construct in transient transfection experiments. Full constitutive expression requires no more than 106 bp of the 5' flanking segment. By creating a series of deletion and substitution mutations, we have demonstrated that an ATF/CRE site residing within this region is very important for constitutive expression of the germ-line alpha promoter, but mutation of this motif does not diminish TGF-beta induction. Inducibility by TGF-beta requires additional sequences residing between -128 to -106 relative to the first RNA initiation site. Two copies of a tandemly repeated sequence 5' CA-CAG(G)CCAGAC 3' (termed Ig alpha TGF-beta-RE) are located in the region from -127 to -105. An oligonucleotide containing multimers of these repeats confers TGF-beta inducibility to a heterologous promoter. An additional copy of the TGF-beta-RE was identified at -41/-30 and its deletion reduces the TGF-beta response. Thus, we conclude that tandem repeats of a novel TGF-beta-RE are the positive regulatory element for the TGF-beta response. Our study provides further evidence that TGF-beta directs class switching to IgA through induction of transcription of the germ-line C alpha gene and demonstrates that TGF-beta can activate the promoter for the germ-line alpha gene.
Base-promoted reactions of α-halogeno-alkylanilides (1982)

Hydride-promoted reactions of 2-halogeno-alkylcarboxanilides afford heterocyclic and acyclic condensation products, some of the latter compounds arising upon hydrolysis and/or rearrangement of the former ones. Competitive formation of dioxopiperazines versus oxazolidinone derivatives or their transformation products depends mainly upon the nature (primary, secondary or tertiary) of the halide moiety. Concurrent dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromo-isobutyranilides leads to unsaturated condensation products.
Distribution of radiolabeled 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitros ourea hydrochloride in rat brain tumor: intraarterial versus intravenous administration. (1987)

To assess the rationale of intraarterial (i.a.) 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea chemotherapy, distribution of 14C-labeled 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)- 3-nitrosourea in rat glioma was studied after i.a. or i.v. infusion. Immediately after infusion, the tumor located in the hemisphere of intracarotid infusion received 4.6-fold higher radioactivity than the tumor located contralaterally to intracarotid infusion and 2.8-fold higher radioactivity than i.v. infusion. The difference was kept up to 30 min after i.a. infusion. Autoradiographic observation indicated rather uniform distribution of the tracer in the central portion of i.a. infusion. However, in the periphery of i.a. infusion, distribution of the tracer was nonhomogenous. The results indicate that i.a. 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea chemotherapy is useful when the tumor has high blood flow and is located in the center of an infused area.
Time-Fourier transform by a focusing array of phased surface acoustic wave transducers (1985)

The generation of Fourier transforms of a time varying signal by frequency-dependent beam steering of focused surface acoustic waves (SAWs) is described. This transform is accomplished by using a focusing array of phased SAW interdigital transducers (IDT) to generate, focus, and angularly disperse the acoustic waves according to the input signal frequencies. The spectrum is retrieved at the output by an array of independent SAW IDTs placed along the focal arc. Substrate anisotropy affects SAW diffraction, but need not present a problem when properly accounted for. This paper discusses the rationale for the design of the input transducer and its effect on the acoustic diffraction pattern, frequency response, and sidelobe suppression on an anisotropic substrate.
Linear-motor topology (1973)

In rotating electric motors, the working magnetic flux is usually assumed to cross the airgap substantially in radial planes, and, in this respect, the working flux could be said to be ‘1-dimensional’. In transverse-flux machines, 2- or 3-dimensional flux loops are possible, and the number of different shapes of transverse-flux machine which can be built is far greater than when only one dimension is used. Transverse-flux machines find their most attractive forms in linear motors, and several ‘families’ of both transverse- and longitudinal-flux machines are described. These include motors designed to have a low leakage reactance, for high-speed machines fed from 50 Hz supply (and therefore of large polepitch), and machines designed to give lateral stabilisation as well as thrust without the use of an additional primary-coil system.