gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rheological study of aqueous dispersions of in situ gelable thermosensitive polymer nanogels (2008)

Abstract Thermosensitive poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide‐ co ‐acrylamide) nanogels with varied monomer compositions were prepared by precipitation polymerization. The aqueous dispersions of these thermosensitive nanogels (9 wt% of nanogel particles in phosphate‐buffered saline solution) exhibited in situ gelable characteristics. A steady‐state and dynamic rheological analysis demonstrated that the nanogel dispersions were typical pseudoplastic liquids at room temperature. The viscosity of the nanogel dispersions at a constant shear rate increased with an increase of the acrylamide content. When the temperature was increased to 37°C, the pseudoplastic liquid turned into an elastic solid, as the result of a sol–gel phase transition of the nanogel aqueous dispersion during the raise of the temperature. Dynamic temperature ramp circle curves suggest that the sol–gel transition was reversible but with a clear hysteresis. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Towards an intraoperative engineering of osteogenic and vasculogenic grafts from the stromal vascular fraction of human adipose tissue (2010)

Grafts generated by cultivation of progenitor cells from the stromal vascular fraction of human adipose tissue have been proven to have osteogenic and vasculogenic properties in vivo. However, in vitro manufacture of such implants is challenged by complex, impractical and expensive processes, and requires implantation in a separate surgery. This study investigates the feasibility of an intraoperative approach to engineer cell-based bone grafts with tissue harvest, cell isolation, cell seeding onto a scaffold and subsequent implantation within a few hours. Freshly isolated adipose tissue cells from a total of 11 donors, containing variable fractions of mesenchymal and endothelial progenitors, were embedded at different densities in a fibrin hydrogel, which was wrapped around bone substitute materials based on beta-tricalcium phosphate (ChronOS), hydroxyapatite (Engipore), or acellular xenograft (Bio-Oss). The resulting constructs, generated within 3 hours from biopsy harvest, were immediately implanted ectopically in nude mice and analysed after eight weeks. All explants contained blood vessels formed by human endothelial cells, functionally connected to the recipient's vasculature. Human origin cells were also found within osteoid structures, positively immunostained for bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin. However, even with the highest loaded cell densities, no frank bone tissue was detected, independently of the material used. These results provide a proof-of-principle that an intraoperative engineering of autologous cell-based vasculogenic bone substitutes is feasible, but highlight that - in the absence of in vitro commitment--additional cues (e.g., low dose of osteogenic factors or orthotopic environmental conditions) are likely needed to support complete osteoblastic cell differentiation and bone tissue generation.
The Influence of Cognitive Styles on Learners’ Performance in e-Learning (2011)

This chapter focused the influence of cognitive styles on learners’ performance in e-Learning. The author examined the existing practice of style matching where instructional conditions were matched with learners’ cognitive styles and found that style matching did not necessarily provide learning gains for learners with different cognitive styles. Instead, he proposed ability building as an effective approach to improve learners’ learning. Following the same line, the author further examined the relationship between cognitive styles and instructional situations where situated learning was implemented. The results revealed that instructional situations can significantly influence learners’ learning in complex learning and that cognitive style was not, as viewed by many people, a linear relationship between style and performance. Instead, it displayed multi-dimensional relationships with variables related to e-Learning. The author thus suggested that cognitive style should be examined in a broader manner where variables related to e-Learning be considered simultaneously.
Characterization of a Nitric Oxide Synthase from the Plant Kingdom: NO Generation from the Green Alga <i>Ostreococcus tauri</i> Is Light Irradiance and Growth Phase Dependent   (2010)

The search for a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) sequence in the plant kingdom yielded two sequences from the recently published genomes of two green algae species of the Ostreococcus genus, O. tauri and O. lucimarinus. In this study, we characterized the sequence, protein structure, phylogeny, biochemistry, and expression of NOS from O. tauri. The amino acid sequence of O. tauri NOS was found to be 45% similar to that of human NOS. Folding assignment methods showed that O. tauri NOS can fold as the human endothelial NOS isoform. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that O. tauri NOS clusters together with putative NOS sequences of a Synechoccocus sp strain and Physarum polycephalum. This cluster appears as an outgroup of NOS representatives from metazoa. Purified recombinant O. tauri NOS has a K(m) for the substrate l-Arg of 12 ± 5 μM. Escherichia coli cells expressing recombinant O. tauri NOS have increased levels of NO and cell viability. O. tauri cultures in the exponential growth phase produce 3-fold more NOS-dependent NO than do those in the stationary phase. In O. tauri, NO production increases in high intensity light irradiation and upon addition of l-Arg, suggesting a link between NOS activity and microalgal physiology.
Exponential state space filters: a generic current mode-design strategy (1996)

A new method of analog filter design is proposed where nonlinear active components are a natural part of a filter realizing an overall linear transfer function. This approach to design is articulated in the generation of the class of so-called "Exponential State Space" (ESS) filters. An outgrowth of "log filters", ESS filters are created via a mapping on the state space of a linear filter. Specifically, the state variables are equal to simple functions of exponentials or node voltages. The use of exponential, hyperbolic tangent, and hyperbolic sine mappings is shown to produce realizable nodal equations that result in "log", "tanh" and "sinh" filters, respectively. Aspects of interpretation and realization of the transformed state equations are discussed. It is shown that sinh filters are class AB filters, which is an intriguing extension of a concept introduced by Seevinck (1990). The different filter types are compared to an analogous standard transconductance-C filter via simulation of a band-pass filter with a Q of 5. All filters demonstrate tunability over a 100 to 1 range with excellent frequency response stability and accuracy over the tuning range, which extends to 5 MHz. These results and IMD and noise performance are given using both ideal transistors and transistors whose cutoff frequency equals approximately 300 MHz.
Ablation of Ca2+ Channel β3 Subunit Leads to Enhanced N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor-dependent Long Term Potentiation and Improved Long Term Memory (2008)

The beta subunits of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (VDCCs) have marked effects on the properties of the pore-forming alpha(1) subunits of VDCCs, including surface expression of channel complexes and modification of voltage-dependent kinetics. Among the four different beta subunits, the beta(3) subunit (Ca(v)beta3) is abundantly expressed in the hippocampus. However, the role of Ca(v)beta3 in hippocampal physiology and function in vivo has never been examined. Here, we investigated Ca(v)beta3-deficient mice for hippocampus-dependent learning and memory and synaptic plasticity at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses. Interestingly, the mutant mice exhibited enhanced performance in several hippocampus-dependent learning and memory tasks. However, electrophysiological studies revealed no alteration in the Ca(2+) current density, the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, and the basal synaptic transmission in the mutant hippocampus. On the other hand, however, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic currents and NMDAR-dependent long term potentiation were significantly increased in the mutant. Protein blot analysis showed a slight increase in the level of NMDAR-2B in the mutant hippocampus. Our results suggest a possibility that, unrelated to VDCCs regulation, Ca(v)beta3 negatively regulates the NMDAR activity in the hippocampus and thus activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and cognitive behaviors in the mouse.
Auditory features based on Gammatone filters for robust speech recognition (2013)

A major challenge for automatic speech recognition (ASR) relates to significant performance reduction in noisy environments. Recent research has shown that auditory features based on Gammatone filters are promising to improve robustness of ASR systems against noise, though the research is far from extensive and generalizability of the new features is unknown. This paper presents our implementation of the Gamma-tone filter-based feature and the experimental results on Mandarin speech data. By some thorough designs, we obtained significant performance gains with the new feature in various noise conditions when compared with the widely used MFCC and PLP features. A particular novelty of our implementation is that the filter design is purely in the time domain. This means that the channel signals are obtained with a set of Gammatone filters applied directly on the speech signals in time domain, which is totally different from the commonly adopted frequency-domain design that first converts signals to spectra and then applies the filter banks upon them. The time-domain implementation on the one hand avoids the approximation introduced by short-time spectral analysis and hence is more precise; and on the other hand, it avoids the complex spectral computation and hence simplifies hardware realization.
Infrared spectroscopy of the cluster ions H+3⋅(H2)<i>n</i> (1988)

The vibrational spectra of the clusters H+3(H2)n were observed near 4000 cm−1 by vibrational predissociation spectroscopy. Spectra of mass-selected clusters were obtained by trapping the ions in a radio frequency ion trap, exciting vibrational transitions of the cluster ions to predissociating levels, and detecting the fragment ions with a mass spectrometer. Low resolution bands of the solvent H2 stretches were observed for the clusters of one to six H2 coordinated to an H+3 ion. The red shift of these vibrations relative to the monomer H2 frequency supported the model of H+9 as an H+3 with a complete inner solvation shell of three H2, one bound to each corner of the ion. Two additional bands of H+5 were observed, one assigned as the H+3 symmetric stretch, and the other as a combination or overtone band. High-resolution scans (0.5 and 0.08 cm−1) of H+n, n=5, 7, and 9 yielded no observable rotational structure, a result of either spectral congestion or rapid cluster dissociation. The band contour of the H+5 band changed upon cooling the internal degrees of freedom, but the peaks remained featureless. The observed frequencies of H+7 and H+9 agreed well with ab initio predictions, but those of H+5 did not. This deviation is discussed in terms of the large expected anharmonicity of the proton bound dimer H+5.
Interfacial Rheology of <i>β</i>-Casein Solutions (1994)

The effects of interfacial bulk concentration, pH, ionic strength, temperature, aging and the addition of guanidine hydrochloride, urea and Tween 80 on the interfacial rheology of β-casein solutions have been investigated using an oscillating ring interfacial rheometer. Interfacial tension data are also reported at pH 4.3 and 7.0 and at bulk concentrations of 0.001 to 1% w/v. The Wilhelmy plate method was used for the interfacial tension studies.
Plasma stream transport method (2) Use of charge exchange plasma source (1978)

The plasma stream transport method using a single plasma source has limitations for practical film deposition. Using a charge exchange phenomenon, a new plasma source is devised and tested by the plasma stream transport machine. Metals, silicon dioxide, and nitride films are deposited by this system. The mechanism of deposition under relatively high vacuum surrounding a silicon wafer is discussed as is the effect of radical atoms.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Aqueous Na2WO4 by NaBH4 at Ambient Temperatures to Obtain Lower Valent Tungsten Oxides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Solvent Effect on the Glass Transition Temperature of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Viewed from Time-Resolved Measurements of Infrared Spectra at the Various Temperatures and Its Simulation by Molecular Dynamics Calculation (2003)

Time-resolved infrared spectral measurement was performed in the solvent-induced crystallization process of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) glass at the various temperatures, and the crystallization kinetics were analyzed quantitatively. Both of the crystallization rate constant and the crystallinity estimated after passage of long time were found to decrease with decrease in the crystallization temperature. The extrapolation of the rate constant and the crystallinity to the zero values allowed us to estimate the glass transition temperature (Tg) in the organic solvent atmosphere. The Tg of the original glass sample (ca. 100 °C) was found to shift to −90 ± 10 °C for chloroform, −70 ± 10 °C for benzene, and −30 ± 10 °C for toluene. The solvent with higher solubility or higher interaction with sPS was found to shift the Tg at higher degree. To understand this plasticizing effect of solvent from the microscopic point of view, the molecular dynamics calculation was performed for sPS−toluene and sPS−chloroform systems, and a good correspondence was obtained about the Tg shift between the observed and calculated results.
Targeting the T-Cell Co-stimulatory CD27/CD70 Pathway in Cancer Immunotherapy: Rationale and Potential (2015)

In 2013, cancer immunotherapy was named 'breakthrough of the year' based on the outcome of clinical trials with blocking antibodies to the T-cell co-inhibitory receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1. This success has emphasized that cytotoxic T-cell responses to cancer can occur, but are limited by peripheral tolerance and by immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Targeting of CTLA-4, PD-1 or its ligands partly overcomes these limitations and can now be applied in multiple immunogenic cancer types. Furthermore, an increased success rate is expected from combining CTLA-4 and/or PD-1 blocking with deliberate engagement of T-cell co-stimulatory receptors, particularly TNF receptor (R) family members. The TNFR family includes CD27 (Tnfrsf7), for which an agonistic antibody has recently entered clinical trials. In this review, we describe how CD27 co-stimulation impacts the T-cell response, with the purpose to illuminate how CD27 agonism can be exploited in cancer immunotherapy.
Model-based testing in practice (1999)

Model-based testing is a new and evolving technique for generating a suite of test cases from requirements. Testers using this approach concentrate on a data model and generation infrastructure instead of hand-crafting individual tests. Several relatively small studies have demonstrated how combinatorial test generation techniques allow testers to achieve broad coverage of the input domain with a small number of tests. We have conducted several relatively large projects in which we applied these techniques to systems with millions of lines of code. Given the complexity of testing, the modelbased testing approach was used in conjunction with test automation harnesses. Since no large empirical study has been conducted to measure efficacy of this new approach, we report on our experience with developing tools and methods in support of model-based testing. The four case studies presented here offer details and results of applying combinatorial test-generation techniques on a large scale to diverse applications. Based on the four projects, we offer our insights into what works in practice and our thoughts about obstacles to transferring this technology into testing organizations.
Confocal Microscopy of Skin In Vitro and Ex Vivo (2006)

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is a modern light microscopy technique that enables high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of biological and technical samples. The concept of a confocal microscope was first patented by Marvin Minsky in 1957; the first laser-scanning microscope was built in the early 1970s by Davidovits and Egger. In the mid-1980s, the commercialization of confocal laser scanning microscopes started, and during the last 15 years, instruments were improved especially regarding velocity and resolution, mainly due to faster computers and more effective optics and electronics. A detailed synopsis of the basics of confocal imaging as well as of various optical and technical aspects of microscope setups and image analysis is given by Pawley (1) or Diaspro (2).
Polarisation changes in spontaneous emission fromGaInAsP/InP two-dimensional photonic crystals (1995)

GaInAsP/Inp strained quantum-well two-dimensional photonic crystals have been fabricated. The polarisation of photoluminescence radiating parallel to the substrate plane was changed from TE to TM when the photonic bandgap for TE-polarisation was designed to overlap with the emission energy. This is considered to be caused by the quantum confinement for photons and electrons.
A Novel Infrared Spectrometer Using a Linear Array Detector (1990)

An infrared spectrometer has been constructed that employs a 32-element InSb linear array detector. A comparison has been made of the spectra obtained with this spectrometer with those obtained with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. It has been predicted that, from 2400 to 2650 cm −1 in the infrared spectrum, a four-microsecond transient could be captured with an approximate SNR of 50.
Bilateral pedunculopontine nuclei strokes presenting as freezing of gait (2008)

The penduculopontine nucleus (PPN) has been suggested to play an important role in locomotion, based on animal studies, but its function in humans has not been well defined. Autopsy studies have suggested that PPN pathology correlates with gait dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and in progressive supranuclear palsy but direct clinical evidence is lacking. We report a patient with bilateral PPN infarcts whose dominant clinical feature was freezing of gait, thus providing evidence that PPN is involved in human locomotion and that damage to the PPN may lead to abnormal gait.
Real-time motion tracking using optical flow on multiple GPUs (2014)

Abstract Motion tracking algorithms are widely used in computer vision related research. However, the new video standards, especially those in high resolutions, cause that current implementations, even running on modern hardware, no longer meet the needs of real-time processing. To overcome this challenge several GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) computing approaches have recently been proposed. Although they present a great potential of a GPU platform, hardly any is able to process high definition video sequences efficiently. Thus, a need arose to develop a tool being able to address the outlined problem. In this paper we present software that implements optical flow motion tracking using the Lucas-Kanade algorithm. It is also integrated with the Harris corner detector and therefore the algorithm may perform sparse tracking, i.e. tracking of the meaningful pixels only. This allows to substantially lower the computational burden of the method. Moreover, both parts of the algorithm, i.e. corner selection and tracking, are implemented on GPU and, as a result, the software is immensely fast, allowing for real-time motion tracking on videos in Full HD or even 4K format. In order to deliver the highest performance, it also supports multiple GPU systems, where it scales up very well
Application of piezoelectric transducer in energy harvesting in pavement (2017)

Mechanical energy appears everywhere in the nature, road vibration energy created by the vehicle will not only do damage to pavement structure, but also is difficult to collect. Utilizing electromechanical conversion characteristics of piezoelectric material, gather the vibration energy when vehicle passing on the pavement, and design the piezoelectric transducer package box, for traffic lights along the roads, signs, and so on. Save the cost of laying long distance transmission line, also take full advantage of the loss of energy. Experiments of piezoelectric boxes has been conducted in pavement to prove the effectiveness of this product. This study shows that utilize piezoelectric technology in road energy harvesting is feasible and has a bright future.
Silver/hydroxyapatite composite coatings on porous titanium surfaces by sol‐gel method (2011)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings loaded with nanosilver particles is an attractive method to impart the HA coating with antibacterial properties. Producing Ag/HA coatings on porous Ti substrates have been an arduous job since commonly used line-of-sight techniques are not able to deposit uniform coatings on the inner pore surfaces of the porous Ti. In this study, porous Ti scaffolds with high porosity and interconnected structures were prepared by polymer impregnating method. A sol-gel process was used to produce uniform Ag/HA composite coatings on the surfaces of porous Ti substrates. Ca(NO(3) )(2) ·4H(2) O and P(2) O(5) in an ethyl alcohol based system was selected to prepare the sol, which ensured the homogeneous distribution of Ag in the sol. The characterization revealed that silver particles uniformly distributed in the coatings without agglomeration. High antibacterial ratio (>95%), against E. coli and S. albus was expressed by the silver-containing coatings (Ag/HA 0.8 and 1.6 wt %). The biocompatibility of the Ag/HA 0.8 surfaces was as good as that of pure HA surface, as revealed by culturing osteoblasts on them. The results indicated that Ag/HA 0.8 had the good balance between the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of the coatings.
Acanthamoeba produces disseminated infection in locusts and traverses the locust blood-brain barrier to invade the central nervous system (2010)

This is the first study to demonstrate that Acanthamoeba invades locust brain by modulating the integrity of the insect's blood-brain barrier, a finding that is consistent with the human infection. These observations support the idea that locusts provide a tractable model to study Acanthamoeba encephalitis in vivo. In this way the locust model may generate potentially useful leads that can be tested subsequently in mammalian systems, thus replacing the use of vertebrates at an early stage, and reducing the numbers of mammals required overall.