gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macroporous organosilica films via a template-free photoinduced sol–gel process (2010)

In the present work, we have designed a simple and original procedure for the spontaneous formation of macroporous organosilica films by photopolymerization-induced phase separation, avoiding the intervention of a template. The simple mixture of 3-(glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (CH3O)3Si(CH2)3OCH2-CHCH2O (GPTMS), and poly(diethoxysiloxane) (C2H5O)2SiO)n (PDEOS, n ≈ 5), without solvent and water followed by UV illumination in the presence of a diaryl iodonium salt (photoacid generator) afforded macroporous hybrid films. This method relies on a single-step photoinduced sol–gel process with photogenerated Brønsted acids, resulting from the iodonium salt photolysis, which catalyse the hydrolysis–condensation reactions of both precursors. The formation of macropores was found to be strongly dependent on the concentration of PDEOS. It has been indeed proven that an increase in the fraction of PDEOS yielded macropores of increased diameters from 100 nm to 50 μm. In this study, our efforts have been focused on two essential aspects. On the one hand, the characterization of the macroporous films with regard to morphology, organic–inorganic microstructure and optical properties was commented upon thoroughly; on the other hand a general mechanism leading to the development of macropores was proposed and discussed.
Randomized trial of rifabutin‐based triple therapy and high‐dose dual therapy for rescue treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> resistant to both metronidazole and clarithromycin (2006)

Triple therapy with esomeprazole, rifabutin and amoxicillin and high-dose omeprazole/amoxicillin are comparable and effective and safe for rescue therapy of H. pylori regardless of the patient's CYP2C19 genotype.
The influence of salts in rusts on the corrosion of the underlying steel (1966)

A series of synthetic rusts was prepared with a range of sulphate and chloride contents. The samples were placed on steel specimens and after a test period of 30 days at different relative humidities, the corrosion of the underlying steel was measured. The presence of salts caused increased corrosion of the steel, and this increased with the amount of salt in the rust. Corrosion was inappreciable below a relative humidity of about 40%.
Non orthogonal joint diagonalization/zero-diagonalization for source separation based on time-frequency distributions (2007)

International audience
The sequence of development of intestinal tissue injury after strangulation ischemia and reperfusion. (1990)

Tissue injury at reperfusion has been reported after partial ischemia. However, previous attempts to demonstrate a component of injury caused by reperfusion after total ischemia have failed. This study was performed to evaluate the hypothesis that in such situations the extent of the tissue injury caused by ischemia itself prevented detection of a reperfusion component. Rats were subjected to near-total intestinal ischemia by means of a hydrostatic pressure clamp that produced preferential venous occlusion (strangulation) for periods from 1 to 90 minutes. Tissue injury was evaluated microscopically by a blinded examiner. Ischemic periods of 20 minutes or less did not induce detectable tissue injury. Longer durations of ischemia caused villous injury: the longer the period of ischemia, the more extensive the tissue injury. However, there was no exacerbation of injury seen after reperfusion, regardless of the duration of ischemia. In a separate series of rats, total arterial occlusion was employed without concomitant venous congestion. Such isolation arterial occlusion of 40 to 60 minutes' duration was followed by a statistically significant exacerbation of tissue injury at reperfusion. Thus total intestinal ischemia may be followed by reperfusion injury if there is no concomitant congestion and if ischemic injury is not too extensive.
Arrangements of human telomere DNA quadruplex in physiologically relevant K + solutions (2009)

The arrangement of the human telomeric quadruplex in physiologically relevant conditions has not yet been unambiguously determined. Our spectroscopic results suggest that the core quadruplex sequence G(3)(TTAG(3))(3) forms an antiparallel quadruplex of the same basket type in solution containing either K(+) or Na(+) ions. Analogous sequences extended by flanking nucleotides form a mixture of the antiparallel and hybrid (3 + 1) quadruplexes in K(+)-containing solutions. We, however, show that long telomeric DNA behaves in the same way as the basic G(3)(TTAG(3))(3) motif. Both G(3)(TTAG(3))(3) and long telomeric DNA are also able to adopt the (3 + 1) quadruplex structure: Molecular crowding conditions, simulated here by ethanol, induced a slow transition of the K(+)-stabilized quadruplex into the hybrid quadruplex structure and then into a parallel quadruplex arrangement at increased temperatures. Most importantly, we demonstrate that the same transitions can be induced even in aqueous, K(+)-containing solution by increasing the DNA concentration. This is why distinct quadruplex structures were detected for AG(3)(TTAG(3))(3) by X-ray, nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichrosim spectroscopy: Depending on DNA concentration, the human telomeric DNA can adopt the antiparallel quadruplex, the (3 + 1) structure, or the parallel quadruplex in physiologically relevant concentrations of K(+) ions.
Jet engine technical advisor (JETA) (1989)

The paper describes a generalized knowledge-based tool for diagnosis which is currently being applied to jet engine maintenance. A domain dependent diagnostic tree is created for a particular jet engine by filling in an empty hypothesis frame for each diagnostic node in the tree. The knowledge in the tree is reasoned about using a generalized and explicit reasoning strategy. This strategy can be guided by rules specific to the activation of a particular diagnostic hypothesis in the tree.
Discovery of Fevipiprant (NVP-QAW039), a Potent and Selective DP<sub>2</sub> Receptor Antagonist for Treatment of Asthma (2017)

Further optimization of an initial DP<sub>2</sub> receptor antagonist clinical candidate NVP-QAV680 led to the discovery of a follow-up molecule 2-(2-methyl-1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyridin-3-yl)acetic acid (compound <b>11</b>, NVP-QAW039, fevipiprant), which exhibits improved potency on human eosinophils and Th2 cells, together with a longer receptor residence time, and is currently in clinical trials for severe asthma.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of n‐Butane to Maleic Anhydride. A Comparative Study Between Promoted and Unpromoted VPO Catalysts. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stably expressed antisense RNA to cytomegalovirus UL83 inhibits viral replication (1996)

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) open reading frame UL83 encodes a phosphoprotein of 64 to 68kDa (pp65) which is a major constituent of this virion and dense bodies. To determine the importance of the HCMV gene in the virus cycle, we studied HCMV replication in astrocytoma cells stably transfected with a retroviral vector carrying an antisense UL83 cDNA. Reverse transcription-PCR detected antisense RNA in the cytoplasm. The steady-state level of a 4-kb RNA containing coding sequences for pp65 was significantly reduced after infection of antisense cells. Concomitant with this, levels of expression of pp65 and pp71 (UL82) were severely reduced. Extracellular HCMV production was almost completely blocked, irrespective of the multiplicity of infection or the time after infection studied. The block occurred at an early phase, since immediate-early protein synthesis occurred normally, while several late proteins (e.g., pp150 [ppUL32] and assembly protein [UL80]) were absent or strongly inhibited. Normal replication of herpes simplex virus and of a pp65 deletion mutant of HCMV (RVAd65), lacking target sequences of antisense RNA, demonstrated the specificity of the block for wild-type HCMV in the antisense-stabilized cells and indicated that the block was not due to indirect interference with cellular genes. Our results appear to contradict those of Schmolke et al (S. Schmolke, H.F. Kern, P. Drescher, G. Jahn, and B. Plachter, J. Virol. 69:5959-5968, 1995), which show that UL83 is a nonessential gene for HCMV replication in vitro. This contradiction is discussed in light of the fact that the 4-kb mRNA, which codes for pp65 and was targeted in UL83-antisense cell lines, may be a bicistronic mRNA which also codes for pp71 (UL82). Thus, interference of expression from the genes encoding pp65 and pp71 by blocking of this putative bicistronic message leads to severe impairment of viral replication.
Essential cysteine residues for cyclic ADP-ribose synthesis and hydrolysis by CD38. (1994)

We have recently demonstrated that cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) serves as a second messenger for glucose-induced insulin secretion (Takasawa, S., Nata, K., Yonekura, H., and Okamoto, H. (1993) Science 259, 370-373) and that human leukocyte antigen CD38 has both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cADPR hydrolase activities (Takasawa, S., Tohgo, A., Noguchi, N., Koguma, T., Nata, K., Sugimoto, T., Yonekura, H., and Okamoto, H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 26052-26054). Although the amino acid sequence of Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase exhibits a high degree of amino acid sequence identity with that of CD38, the Aplysia enzyme shows only ADP-ribosyl cyclase but not cADPR hydrolase. In the present study, we introduced site-directed mutations to CD38 and found that C119K- and/or C201E-CD38 exhibited only ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity. Furthermore, Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase into which we introduced the mutations K95C and E176C, which correspond to residues 119 and 201 of human CD38, exhibited not only ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity but also cADPR hydrolase. These results indicate that cysteine residues 119 and 201 in CD38 have crucial roles in the synthesis and hydrolysis of cADPR.
Aerobic Oxidation of 9<i>H</i>‐Fluorenes to 9‐Fluorenones using Mono‐/Multilayer Graphene‐Supported Alkaline Catalyst (2013)

The synthesis of 9-fluorenone derivatives has been achieved in high yield and with high purity by aerobic oxidation of 9H-fluorenes at room temperature in the presence of a graphene-supported KOH composite that acts as a catalyst in N,N-dimethylformamide. The new protocol involves very simple work-up procedures, and the solvent and the catalyst can be recycled and reused. A scaled-up preparative study employing this method was also conducted and showed its advantages of being both cost-effective and environmentally friendly, and has potential for application in industrial processes.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication Induces Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 in Human Macrophages and U937 Promonocytic Cells (1999)

We have recently described a significant correlation between human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) RNA replication and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of individuals with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with HIV encephalitis (E). Because local macrophages (microglia) are the cells predominantly infected in the brain, we investigated whether in vitro HIV infection affects MCP-1 production in mononuclear phagocytes (MP). MCP-1 secretion and expression were consinstently upregulated over constitutive levels in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) infected with the M-tropic R5 BaL strain of HIV-1. HIV replication was required for this effect, as demonstrated by the absence of chemokine upregulation after infection in the presence of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythimidine (AZT) or cell-exposure to heat-inactivated (triangle up degrees ) virus. MCP-1 induction was not restricted to HIV-1 BaL, but was also observed during productive infection of MDM with two primary isolates differing for entry coreceptor usage and of U937 cells with the X4 HIV-1 MN strain. Based on the observation that exogenous HIV-1 Tat induced MCP-1 expression in astrocytes, we also investigated its role in MDM and U937 cells. Exogenous Tat induced MCP-1 production from MDM in a concentration-dependent manner, however, it was not effective on uninfected U937 cells or on the chronically infected U937-derived cell line U1. Transfection of Tat-expressing plasmids moderately activated HIV expression in U1 cells, but failed to induce MCP-1 expression in this cell line or in uninfected U937 cells. HIV replication-dependent expression of MCP-1 in MP may be of particular relevance for the pathogenesis of HIV infection in nonlymphoid organs such as the brain.
A Resource Allocation Perspective on Caching to Achieve Low Latency (2015)

The rapid growth of Internet contents from wireless data networks, especially social media, results in unprecedented traffic volume, invoking a challenge to the load of cellular infrastructure. Moreover, instead of traditional quality of service (QoS), the demands of quality of experience (QoE) become a more practical norm, which could barely be improved under present resource allocation on radio spectrum. With this in mind, we more generally consider resource allocation by exploiting caching in radio access networks (RANs), and show that caching, as a sort of storage, could be viewed as a substitution of the communication spectrum. Thus, we propose a collaborative strategy to implement caching in infrastructure and in mobile devices simultaneously, which in general turns out to be device-to-device (D2D) communication. This new design paradigm enables great reduction of latency for requesting Internet contents and can be implemented via slight amendments to present cellular systems.
Analysis of Problems in Dynamics by Electronic Circuits (1947)

This paper describes a method for obtaining an engineering solution for integrodifferential equations of physical systems using an electronic system. The components consist of standard plug-in feed-back amplifier units. As the interconnections are wires, resistors, and capacitors, no complicated mechanical layout problem is involved and a generally flexible analyzer need not be set up, for it is a simple matter to assemble the particular circuit for any system of equations for which solutions are desired. The system should, therefore, be of interest to those involved in a study of the dynamics of physical systems.
State Estimation in Power Systems: Detecting Bad Data through the Sparse Inverse Matrix Method (1978)

In the real time control of power system, the state estimation function plays a leading role. To perform its task, the estimator must detect and eliminate the grossly erroneous measurements.
Modulation of <i>rumpshaker</i> phenotype with wild‐type PLP/DM20 suggests several pathogenic mechanisms (2010)

The rumpshaker mutation of the murine myelin proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) gene generates misfolded PLP/DM20 protein, resulting in dysmyelination, increased oligodendrocyte apoptosis, and death prior to P40 when expressed on the C57 BL/6 background. In this study, we used transgenic complementation to normalize the levels of PLP/DM20 in myelin with wild-type protein to determine whether loss of normal PLP function or gain of toxic function is responsible for dysmyelination in the rumpshaker. Restoring myelin PLP/DM20 levels extended the survival time to at least P60, significantly reduced the density of apoptotic cells, increased myelin volume, and restored normal periodicity of myelin. Biochemical analysis found that several myelin proteins that are reduced in rumpshaker, including MAG, CNP, and SirT2, are markedly elevated at peak myelination (P20) in the rumpshaker transgenic mouse. Myelin basic protein, however, remained low at peak myelination but was restored at P60 when myelin had matured and entered into a maintenance phase. Markers of the unfolded protein response (UPR), BiP and XBP1, remained activated with the introduction of wild-type PLP. These data demonstrate that restoring wild-type PLP/DM20 levels in rumpshaker improves the phenotype and the integrity of myelin, but hypomyelination persists and stress pathways remain activated. This suggests that both gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of the rumpshaker.
New developments in the LASERCAV® technology (1991)

Material removal with the LASERCAV® technology means machining of moulds and dies with the laser beam as a tool. Various structures can be machined in different hardest and even in nonconducting materials. Lasercaving with preselected process paramaters is an Open-Loop Control System. Unconsidered variables, such as unhomogeneous materials, will influence the process negatively. By online measuring of suitable variables and feedback of the deviation values to the laser, a Feedback Control System can be used. With this Control System, process results and removal rates are improved and well defined workpiece geometries are achieved.
<title>Speckle In Optical Fibers</title> (1980)

With a sufficiently narrow source spectrum, and either fiber movement or source frequency shift, a changing speckle pattern exists at a multimode optical fiber output plane which results in signal power fluctuations known as "modal noise." For the case of a step-index optical fiber, we report the measurement and analysis of the speckle spatial frequency distribution as a function of fiber parameters, and the correlation of two speckle patterns as a function of source frequency difference. We show how knowledge of the frequency correlation function and the source spectrum can be used to determine the speckle contrast. Again for a step-index fiber, we report the analysis and measurement of the probability density function of the optical power received by a detector at the end of a fiber as a function of the speckle's contrast and including the possibility of spatial filtration of the speckle, as might occur at a misaligned connector.
Fractionation of linear polyethylene with gel permeation chromatography. IV (1971)

Abstract Reproducibility was examined on the GPC fractionation of linear polyethylenes. The experiences over the period of two and a half years were used. Calibration was done with the same batches of narrow distribution polystyrene standards. A control sample of broad‐distribution polyethylene was run at each calibration. The reproducibility over ten calibrations with this control was in terms of standard deviation of ca. ±10% for the number‐average and ca. ±15% for the weight‐average chain length. The fractionation data of 36 commercial resins were corrected by using the control samples as an additional standard. The correction was very effective in decreasing the scattering of the data in the intrinsic viscosity–molecular weight plot, especially when the viscosity average was used for the molecular weight expression.
A 16K Current-Based 8T SRAM Compute-In-Memory Macro with Decoupled Read/Write and 1-5bit Column ADC (2020)

A novel 8T SRAM -based bitcell is proposed for current-based compute-in-memory dot-product operations. The proposed bitcell with two extra NMOS transistors (vs. standard 6T SRAM) decouples SRAM read and write operation. A 128×128 8T SRAM bitcell array is built for processing a vector-matrix multiplication (or parallel dot-products) with 64x binary (0 or 1) inputs, 64×128 binary (-1 or +1) weights, and 128x 1-5bit outputs. Each column (i.e. neuron) of the proposed SRAM compute-in-memory macro consists of 64x bitcells for dot-product, 32x bitcells for ADC, and 32x bitcells for calibration. The column-based neuron minimizes the ADC overhead by reusing a sense amplifier for SRAM read. The column-wise ADC converts the analog dot-product results to N-bit output codes (N=1 to 5) by sweeping reference levels using replica bitcells for 2N-1 cycles for each conversion. Monte-Carlo simulations and test-chip measurement results have verified both linearity and process variation. The largest variation (σ=2.48%) results in the MNIST classification accuracy of 96.2% (i.e. 0.4% lower than a baseline with no variation). A test-chip is fabricated using 65nm, and the 16K SRAM bitcell array occupies 0.055mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The energy efficiency of the 1bit operation is 490-to-15.8TOPS/W at 1-5bit ADC mode using 0.45/0.8V core supply and 200MHz.
Enhancement of αPNA Binding Affinity and Specificity through Hydrophobic Interactions (2001)

The binding repertoire of α-helical peptide nucleic acids (αPNAs) has been expanded by adding hydrophobic interactions. From thermal denaturation data it is revealed that incorporation of aliphatic N-caps into the αPNA backbone leads to both enhanced affinity and orientational specificity for binding of the αPNAs to their complementary single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) targets (see picture; αPNA: green, N-cap: blue, ssDNA: red). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.chembiochem.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
J团队——我拜访了福特设计总监J·梅斯，他是一群顶尖设计师的头领 (2007)

这群驻扎在伦敦的家伙正以一种非常21世纪的新媒体互动方式，从事着一项非常21世纪的工作。举个例子来说，他们的会议很像非常有组织的聚会，与会者被事先分成绿帽方（积极支持）和红帽方（消极反对）。这不是在说笑，而是我们大家都期望见到的工作方式。
Wet Chemical Etching for Ultrafine Periodic Structure: Rectangular InP Corrugations of 70 nm Pitch and 100 nm Depth (1989)

Rectangular corrugations of 70 nm pitch and 100 nm depth were formed on InP using electron beam lithography and two-step wet chemical etching. In electron beam lithography, line distributions were measured to estimate the narrowest possible period, and a fine periodic resist pattern with a 50 nm period was formed. It is pointed out that two-step wet chemical etching with a thin epitaxial mask has the advantage of suppressing the undercut etching because of good adhesion of the epitaxial mask. This etching method was applied to InP etching by HCl utilizing the material-selective and anisotropic properties. Compositions of etchant were optimized to overcome the deformation of mesas in the nanometer range.
Characterization of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides That Bind to Hepatocyte Growth Factor (1995)

Proteoglycans from rat liver had the ability to bind hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Digestion of the proteoglycans with heparitinase resulted in the complete loss of the activity, while the digestion with chondroitinase ABC had no effect. Heparan sulfate (HS)-conjugated gel also bound HGF, and the binding was competitively inhibited by heparin and bovine liver HS, but not by Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma HS, pig aorta HS, or other glycosaminoglycans, suggesting the specific structural domain in HS for the binding of HGF. Among limited digests with heparitinase I of bovine liver HS, octasaccharide is the minimal size to bind HGF. Comparison of the disaccharide unit compositions revealed a marked difference in IdoA(2SO4)-GlcNSO3(6SO4) unit between the bound and unbound octasaccharides. The contents of this disaccharide unit were calculated to be 2 mol/mol for the bound octasaccharide but 1 mol/mol for the unbound one. Considering both the substrate specificity and properties of heparitinase I, the above results suggest that the bound octasaccharide should contain two units of IdoA(2SO4)-GlcNSO3(6SO4) contiguously or alternately in the vicinity of the reducing end. The bound decasaccharide was more than 20 times as active as the unbound one with regard to the ability to release HGF bound to rat liver HS proteoglycan. The ability was comparable to the one-fourth of that of heparin.