gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gadolinium‐bearing red cells as blood pool MRI contrast agents (1998)

Human and rat red blood cells (RBCs) were loaded with gadolinium DTPA dimeglumine using an osmotic pulse technique to create a blood pool contrast agent for MRI. The resulting packed red cells contained 30.9 +/- 3.3 (1 SD) mmol Gd/liter for humans and 24.7 +/- 3.5 (1 SD) mmol Gd/liter for rats. Longitudinal relaxation rate constant of human RBCs increased from 2.0 +/- 0.1 to 145.6 +/- 36.2 s(-1); the transverse relaxation rate constant increased from 6.8 +/- 1.2 to 562 +/- 410 s(-1). For rat RBCs, R1 increased from 1.45 +/- 0.15 to 84.8 +/- 23.9 s(-1); R2 increased from 7.1 +/- 0.64 to 247 +/- 158 s(-1). Affinity for oxygen was slightly reduced (control P50 = 22.3 +/- 2.3 versus experimental P50 = 27.3 +/- 1.3, P < 0.01), as was mechanical deformability. No drop in relaxivities was seen after 5 days of storage. The apparent volume of distribution was 0.0164 +/- 0.003 liter/kg, biologic half-life 4.38 +/- 0.34 h, and total plasma clearance 0.003 +/- 0.0006 liter/kg/h. Compared with Gd-DTPA "free" in the plasma, tissue enhancement from RBCs was initially lower but was much prolonged. Preparation is simple enough to be reproduced by most laboratories.
Of Transitions, Fast and Slow: Writing South Africa at the Turn of the Millennium (2000)

In this essay, I undertake three tasks: first, to set a frame for con-sideration of contemporary post-transition South Africa, focusing on the “temporal suspension ” of the immediate pre-transition period; sec-ond, to step back several decades and two continents away — to the African America of the 1950s—to provide further counterpoint for the contemporary South African situation; and third, to reflect upon the accelerated postcoloniality and indeed globality of South Africa at the turn of the millennium. For all of my youth and through my early adult American life—the 1960s through the 1980s — South Africa loomed in a time warp I will call the eternal present. South Africa’s apartheid situation seemed unsustainable in the modern, postcolonial age, held together only at the cost of a fanatical police state and in the face of enormous internal and external pressure. Thus, everybody “knew ” that South Africa would change. And yet, at the same time, nobody knew exactly how or
A study of intuitive electric wheelchair control interface based on weight shift (2008)

Because of rapidly growing aging society in Japan, the rule of electric wheelchair becomes important to enhance the mobility for elderly person. The aim of our study is to develop the electric wheelchair which is driven as the human intention. We try to extract the human intention from the weight shift on wheelchair sheet instead of conventional joystick device. To design the system, we develop the experimental electric wheelchair that can measure weight shift from wheelchair sheet. According to value of weight shift measurement, we infer the driverpsilas intension based on fuzzy logic. To control the vehicle based on the driverpsilas intension, cognitive aspect implementation and safety aspect implementation are applied. These two different aspects of implementations are tested by checked KANSEI approach.
Evidence for long-term neurotoxicity associated with methamphetamine abuse (2000)

The reduced [NA] on 1H MRS provides evidence for long-term neuronal damage in abstinent methamphetamine users.
Radio interference from insulator corona (1932)

Extended laboratory tests reveal that the corona formation voltage and the initial radio interference voltage of clean, dry insulators are identical. Oscillograms show many interesting characteristics of insulator corona current and of the radio interference caused by it. Means for reducing the interference are suggested.
A new multi-algorithm multichannel cascadable digital filter processor (2003)

A description is given of the MB86975 adaptive filter processor (AFP), an application-specific processor for digital filtering. The AFP operates autonomously and does not need to be under control of a host processor during filter operations. It has been designed and fabricated in 1.8- mu m CMOS standard cell technology with a total gate count of 14,000 and worst-case power dissipation of 500 mW. The AFP is packaged in a 68-pin LCC (leaded chip carrier) package. The AFP clock operates at 10 MHz with one clock per FIR (finite-impulse response) tap, two clocks per LMS (least-mean square) tap, and five clocks per IIR (infinite-impulse response) biquad. The AFP implements the most commonly used and most well understood digital filter algorithms-FIR, IIR, and LMS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The structure of d(GGGGCCCC): a model for poly d(G).poly d(C) (1984)

We report crystallographic data for a dinucleoside monophosphate d(T[plT) (as its cyanoethyl derivative) with the cis-syn cyclobutane geometry generated by UV irradiation. The molecule crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 (Z = 4) with two '.;ater
Advances in Understanding and Management of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (2009)

According to the 2008 World Health Organization classification system for hematologic malignancies, the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) include chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, mastocytosis, chronic eosinophilic leukemia-not otherwise specified, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, and "MPN, unclassifiable." All of these clinicopathologic entities are characterized by stem cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation, and their phenotypic diversity is ascribed to the occurrence of distinct oncogenic events. In the last 4 years, new JAK2 and MPL mutations have been added to previously described ABL and KIT mutations as molecular markers of disease in MPN. These discoveries have markedly simplified the approach to clinical diagnosis and have also provided molecular targets for the development of small-molecule drugs. In the current article, the authors provide a clinically oriented overview of MPNs in terms of their molecular pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, and management.
A novel translation, rotation, and scale-invariant shape description method for real-time speed-limit sign recognition (2016)

Speed-limit sign (SLS) recognition is an important function to realize automatic driving assistance systems (ADAS). This paper presents a novel design of an image-based SLS recognition algorithm, which can efficiently detect and recognize SLS in real-time. To improve the robustness of the proposed SLS algorithm, this paper also proposes a new shape description method to describe the detected SLS using centroid-to-contour (CtC) distances of the sign content. The proposed CtC descriptor is invariant to translation, rotation, and scale variations of the SLS in the image. This advantage increases the recognition rate of a linear support vector machine classifier. The proposed SLS recognition method had been implemented and tested on an ARM-based embedded platform. Experimental results validate the SLS recognition accuracy and real-time performance of the proposed method.
Specific Regulation of Procoagulant Activity on Monocytes (1995)

Hypercoagulability of blood, monocytic infiltration, and changes in pericellular and extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are observed in atherosclerosis, inflammation, and neoplasia. In the present studies, monocyte procoagulants and different GAGs including chondroitin sulfate (CS) A, CSB, CSC, CSD, CSE, and heparan sulfate, were tested either in clotting assays with whole plasma or in chromogenic assays with purified coagulation proteases. Procoagulant activity in plasma was inhibited by three of the seven GAGs, including heparan sulfate, CSE, and CSB. In contrast, activity of purified coagulation protease was inhibited only by CSE, and the inhibition was observed with intrinsic (factor VIIIa/IXa) but not extrinsic (tissue factor/factor VII) components. Reciprocal titration experiments with enzyme and substrate and Scatchard type analyses were consistent with concentration-dependent inhibitory interactions between CSE and sites on both factor VIIIa and IXa. On purified phospholipids, CSE concentration resulting in half-maximal inhibition (Ki) was 5 ng/ml for interaction with factor IXa and > 500 ng/ml for interaction with factor VIIIa. The Ki values were lower for reactions on purified lipid than for reactions on monocyte surfaces and for reactions on resting than on endotoxin-stimulated monocytes. Experiments with CSE oligosaccharides of defined size indicated that the smallest CSE fragment capable of inhibitory activity was composed of 12-18 monosaccharide units. Collectively, these results indicate that factor X-activating reactions are inhibited by GAGs expressed on monocyte membranes. Inhibition is specific with respect to the structure of both the GAG and the activating protease. Lack of inhibition by added CSA, CSB, and CSC in contrast to CSE strongly suggests a direct role of 4,6-di-O-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine GAG structures in the inhibition of intrinsic pathway protease. These findings also suggest potential pharmacologic use of CSE as specific anticoagulant in the management of prothrombotic states mediated by intrinsic pathway coagulation reactions.
Analysis of the Backward-Wave Traveling-Wave Tube (1954)

A traveling-wave tube whose circuit supports a backward wave having oppositely directed phase and group velocities has been found to exhibit narrow-band regenerative-type gain. For low beam currents the tube acts as a high-gain, high Q, voltage-tunable filter. As the beam current is increased, the tube breaks into oscillations whose frequency may be shifted to any point in the structure pass band merely by changing beam voltage. An analysis is carried out which predicts some of the small-signal operating characteristics of the backward-wave tube. Numerical solutions are presented for the start-oscillation conditions including circuit loss and space charge.
Langzeitkontrollen nach spontanem Kontrastmittelextravasat bei Infusionsurogrammen (1979)

In 1978 we described 18 patients with acute spontaneous rupture of a pelvi-calycine system; these have now been followed up with the exception of four patients. The aim was to determine whether, and how frequently, long-term complications occur, such as chronic persistent rupture and particularly whether local retroperitoneal fibrosis develops. The clinical history, infusion urograms and cinematography provided no evidence of any abnormalities except in one case. In this patient changes interpreted as retroperitoneal fibrosis were found, but this was the only patient in whom surgery had been performed. It is thought that the operation played a significant part in the development of this complication. Our observations confirm that infusion urograms in acute urinary tract obstruction are an acceptable method of investigation and that extravasation should be treated conservatively. The exception to this rule is the presence of preexisting infection of the urinary tract.
SPEECON – Speech Databases for Consumer Devices: Database Specification and Validation (2002)

The following full text is an author&apos;s version which may differ from the publisher&apos;s version. For additional information about this publication click this link.
Content based image retrieval systems (1995)

Images are being generated at an ever-increasing rate by sources such as defence and civilian satellites, military reconnaissance and surveillance flights, fingerprinting and mug-shot-capturing devices, scientific experiments, biomedical imaging, and home entertainment systems. For example, NASA's Earth Observing System will generate about 1 terabyte of image data per day when fully operational. A content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system is required to effectively and efficiently use information from these image repositories. Such a system helps users (even those unfamiliar with the database) retrieve relevant images based on their contents. Application areas in which CBIR is a principal activity are numerous and diverse. With the recent interest in multimedia systems, CBIR has attracted the attention of researchers across several disciplines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of Sapphire Wafers Polishing Depending on Ion Conductivity of Silica Sol (2015)

Processes have been used to improve the planarization of the wafers in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. Polishing performance of CMP Process is determined by the chemical reaction of the liquid sol containing abrasive, pressure of the head portion and rotational speed of the polishing pad. However, frictional heat generated during the CMP process causes agglomeration of the particles and the liquidity degradation, resulting in a non-uniform of surface roughness and surface scratch. To overcome this chronic problem, herein, we introduced NaCl salt as an additive into silica sol for elimination the generation of frictional heat. The added NaCl reduced the zata potential of silica sol and increased the contact surface of silica particles onto the sapphire wafer, resulting in increase of the removal rate up to 17 %. Additionally, it seems that the silica particles adsorbed on the polishing pad decreased the contact area between the sapphire water and polishing pad, which suppressed the generation of frictional heat.
Clinical, molecular and histopathological features of short stature syndrome with novel <i>CUL7</i> mutation in Yakuts: new population isolate in Asia (2007)

These findings may provide a new understanding of the clinical diversity and pathogenesis of short stature syndrome with CUL7 mutation.
Trends in Immunohistochemistry: The Integration of Tissue-Based Analysis and Molecular Profiling (2002)

The history of immunohistochemistry has been a constant effort to improve sensitivity for the detection of rare antigenic targets within fixed tissues, with the ultimate goal of integrating tissue-based analysis with proteomic information. The preservation of antigen within fixed tissues is variable and unpredictable, and many of the immunochemical methods effective in solution-based immunoassays have been ineffective when applied to tissues. A number of strategies have evolved for dealing with this problem. Beginning in the mid 1960s, a constant stream of new immunohistochemical techniques emerged, including direct peroxidase conjugates, PAP, ABC, LSAB, and polymer-based methods. Several newer techniques promise even greater gains in sensitivity, including tyramide amplification and rolling circle amplification. Once the obstacle of sensitivity in fixed and embedded tissues is resolved, the goal of merging morphological and molecular analysis becomes attainable. Because the gene product is ultimately responsible for the biological behavior of a cell, the direct measurement of protein by immunohistochemical means holds out the great promise of integration of tissue-based analysis with molecular profiling. (The J Histotechnol 25:243, 2002)
Lentiviral vectors for immunization: an inflammatory field (2010)

Lentiviruses are retroviruses that are able to transduce both dividing and nondividing cells. Dendritic cells are key players in the innate and adaptive immune responses, and are natural targets for lentiviruses. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have recently reached the clinical gene therapy arena, prompting their use as clinical vaccines. In recent years, LVs have emerged as a robust and practical experimental platform for gene delivery and rational genetic reprogramming of dendritic cells. Here, we present the status quo of the LV system for protective or therapeutic vaccine development. This vector system has been extensively evaluated for ex vivo and in vivo (immuno)gene delivery. Improvements of the LV design in order to further grant a higher biosafety profile for vaccine development are presented.
Graphitization of Graphene Oxide with Ethanol during Thermal Reduction (2012)

As an atypical reductant, ethanol has recently been considered for reducing the oxygen concentration and restoring the graphitic structure in multilayered graphene oxide (GO) during annealing [Su et al., ACS Nano2010, 4, 5285]. The reaction mechanism is, however, still not well understood, hindering progress in the use of GO. By combining density functional theory (DFT), ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, and in situ infrared absorption spectroscopy, the thermal evolution of both carbonyl and ether groups in multilayered GO is shown to vary dramatically upon individual intercalation of methanol, ethanol, and water molecules. In hydrated GO, bare etch holes are generated by thermal annealing, as evidenced by the evolution of carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules. In contrast, the replacement of water by methanol or ethanol prevents defect enlargement during annealing. Furthermore, ethanol is found to repair the etch holes by facilitating the formation of new hexagonal carbon rings. Ab initio MD simulations map out the likely reaction pathways that are subsequently verified by DFT total energy calculations. The elucidation of the mechanism of etch hole healing in GO suggests new ways to tailor the structural and electronic properties of reduced GO (rGO) and graphene for a variety of applications requiring defect engineering.
Development and therapeutic role of synthetic prostaglandins in peptic ulcer disease (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment and therapeutic role of synthetic prostaglandins in peptic ulcer diseasePaul W. CollinsCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1986, 29, 4, 437–443Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00154a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00154a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Shallow Discourse Parsing with Conditional Random Fields (2011)

Parsing discourse is a challenging natural language processing task. In this paper we take a data driven approach to identify arguments of explicit discourse connectives. In contrast to previous work we do not make any assumptions on the span of arguments and consider parsing as a token-level sequence labeling task. We design the argument segmentation task as a cascade of decisions based on conditional random fields (CRFs). We train the CRFs on lexical, syntactic and semantic features extracted from the Penn Discourse Treebank and evaluate feature combinations on the commonly used test split. We show that the best combination of features includes syntactic and semantic features. The comparative error analysis investigates the performance variability over connective types and argument positions. 1
A simple method for automatically locating the nipple on mammograms (1997)

This paper outlines a simple, fast, and accurate method for automatically locating the nipple on digitized mammograms that have been segmented to reveal the skin-air interface. If the average gradient of the intensity is computed in the direction normal to the interface and directed inside the breast, it is found that there is a sudden and distinct change in this parameter close to the nipple. A nipple in profile is located between two successive maxima of this parameter; otherwise, it is near the global maximum. Specifically, the nipple is located midway between a successive maximum and minimum of the derivative of the average intensity gradient; these being local turning points for a nipple in profile and global otherwise. The method has been tested on 24 images, including both oblique and cranio-caudal views, from two digital mammogram databases. For 23 of the images (96%), the rms error was less than 1 mm at image resolutions of 400 microns and 420 microns per pixel. Because of its simplicity, and because it is based both on the observed behavior of mammographic tissue intensities and on geometry, this method has the potential to become a generic method for locating the nipple on mammograms.
Speeded up Gaussian Mixture Model algorithm for background subtraction (2011)

Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) have been one of the most popular and successful approaches to perform foreground segmentation on multimodal background scenes. However, the good accuracy of the GMM algorithm comes at a high computational cost. An improved GMM technique was proposed by Zivkovic to reduce computational cost by minimizing the number of modes adaptively. In this paper, we propose a modification to his adaptive GMM algorithm that further reduces execution time by replacing expensive floating point computations with low cost integer operations. To maintain accuracy, we derive a heuristic that computes periodic floating point updates for the GMM weight parameter using the value of an integer counter. Experiments show speedups in the range of 1.33 - 1.44 on standard video datasets where a large fraction of pixels are multimodal.
Control system for mass flow rate of solids in pneumatic conveying (2008)

The aim of the thesis is to make a model of the mass flow rate of solids in the pneumatic conveying systems situated at the POSTEC/Tel-Tek research facility to be used for the testing of model predictive control of these systems. An approach to use system identification is explained in the thesis, relating to energy density. The system identification method used was the subspace method "combined Deterministic and Stochastic Realization method" (DSR). The measurement data available was of transporting the bulk material baryte in dense phase for plant A and dextrose in dilute phase for plant B. Tests for plant A and B gave a cumulative error ranging from ±1.2-7.5% of total conveyed mass. This implies that the DSR model using the energy density approach could be used for dense phase conveying as well as dilute phase. It also implies that it could be applied to the same type of conveying system of different size and dimension. For the DSR model to estimate properly, the condition of close to constant energy into the pneumatic conveying line has to be fulfilled. The use of the DSR model based on the energy density approach, indicated relationships usable for later on making a rough mechanistic model. The disadvantage of the DSR model is that it has to have a measurement of the mass flow rate of solids for the calibration set. The MPC was simulated based on the test set data sets from plant B, transporting dextrose in dilute phase. The MPC was used as a validation method, seeking out how realistic the MPC optimal controls would act on the real process. The MPC simulations gave an indication that the main air is not accurate enough as a control input using the DSR model. At the moment the MPC is usable as a mass flow rate of solids adjustor, controlling the bypass air.