gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of exogenous nucleotides on Ca2+ dependence and V antigen synthesis in Yersinia pestis (1982)

Cells of Yersinia pestis strain EV76 are known to cease growth after a shift from 26 to 37 degrees C in neutral Ca2+-deficient medium; this effect is potentiated by Mg2+. With 2.5 mM Mg2+ and no added Ca2+, restriction was relaxed at elevated pH at which maximum cell yields occurred in the presence of 20 mM exogenous ATP. This ATP-dependent growth was inhibited by Ca2+ or 20 mM Mg2+; the nucleotide was neither transported into the organism nor hydrolyzed extracellularly. With strain EV76, ATP could be replaced by GTP but not other nucleotides, nucleosides, free bases, or pyrophosphate. CTP and UTP also promoted growth of strain KIM, in which limited division also occurred with nucleoside di- and monophosphates. Intracellular V antigen was detected 1 h after temperature shift in Ca2+-deficient medium containing 20 mM Mg2+, a time corresponding to the earliest known events associated with restriction (shutoff of stable RNA synthesis and reduction of adenylate energy charge). Maximum yield of V was obtained 2 h later when cell division ceased; the titer of the antigen remained constant thereafter. The specific activity of V in cells grown with ATP was significantly reduced, especially at elevated pH. These results would be expected if exogenous nucleotides promote growth by sequestering sufficient Mg2+ to prevent restriction of cell division mediated by V antigen.
Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Water Curtain Cooling Fuzzy Control System (2016)

Intelligent optimization control combines intelligent optimization and intelligent control in order to optimize the local or global performance of control systems; it provides an effective way to solve control problems in complex systems. In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller is employed based on the genetic algorithm for control rules in a water curtain cooling system. Simulation results and industrial experiments indicate that fuzzy logic control based on the genetic algorithm optimization for the water curtain cooling process of accelerating steel is effective using this control model.
Frequency-domain photon migration measurements for quantitative assessment of powder absorbance: A novel sensor of blend homogeneity (1999)

The measurement and analysis of frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM) measurements of powder absorbance in pharmaceutical powders is described in the context of other optical techniques. FDPM consists of launching intensity-modulated light into a powder and detecting the phase delay and amplitude modulation of the re-emitted light as a function of the modulation frequency. From analysis of the data using the diffusion approximation to the radiative transport equation, the absorption coefficient can be obtained. Absorption coefficient measurements of riboflavin in lactose mixtures are presented at concentrations of 0.1 to 1% (w/w) at near-infrared wavelengths where solution absorption cross sections are difficult to accurately measure using traditional transmission measurements in nonscattering solutions. FDPM measurements in powders enabled determinations of absorption coefficients that increase linearly with concentration (w/w) according to Beer-Lambert relationship. The extension of FDPM for monitoring absorbance of low-dose and ultralow-dose powder blending operations is presented.
Effects of Antioxidants Apocynin and the Natural Water-Soluble Antioxidant from Spinach on Cellular Damage Induced by Lipopolysaccaride in the Rat (2000)

Oxidative damage plays a key role in septic shock induced by the endotoxin lipopolysaccaride (LPS) by enhancing the formation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion radicals, peroxides, and their secondary product, malondialdehyde, especially in the liver. In this study, histopathologic changes in several organs were compared among groups of male Wistar rats that had been injected with LPS following prophylactic pretreatment with either of 2 antioxidants, a group that had been injected with LPS without pretreatment with antioxidants, an untreated control group, and groups that had been injected with either of the 2 antioxidants only. The antioxidants used were a water-soluble natural antioxidant from spinach (NAO) and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained slides were prepared, and lesions were semiquantitatively scored. Exposure to LPS alone was associated with multifocal hepatocellular necrosis and acute inflammation, thymic and splenic lymphoid necrosis, ocular retinal hemorrhage and acute endophthalmitis, adrenal medullary vacuolation and necrosis and acute inflammation, and decreased adrenal cortical cytoplasmic vacuolation (consistent with depletion of steroidal hormone contents). Results indicated that pretreatment with both antioxidants for 8 days reduced, in some organs, the necrotic and inflammatory changes associated with the LPS challenge. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic application for these antioxidants in clinical sepsis.
A Novel Watermark Algorithm for Integrity Protection of XML Documents (2006)

Summary With the fast development of Extensible Markup Language (XML) and its comprehensive application, the integrity protection of XML documents is becoming pressing. A traditional method for this is digital signature. In this paper, however, based on watermark techniques, we propose a novel solution to the integrity protection of XML documents. In this scheme, watermarks are generated through applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on a matrix constructed from an XML document and a key. Then they are embedded into the XML document by altering the case of letters in the XML tags according to the Exclusive OR (XOR) results of the XML document and watermarks. To testify the integrity of a watermarked XML document, watermarks are generated again and the original document can be exactly retrieved from the XOR results of these watermarks and the watermarked document only if it is not tampered; otherwise, the retrieved document will be an illegal XML document. Compared with existing signature methods, this scheme is excellent in its simplicity and economy of storage and channel bandwidth. Experimental results also demonstrate that our proposed watermarking scheme is less time-consuming than the traditional signature methods.
Genomic Interspecies Microarray Hybridization: Rapid Discovery of Three Thousand Genes in the Maize Endophyte, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> 342, by Microarray Hybridization with <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Open Reading Frames (2001)

In an effort to efficiently discover genes in the diazotrophic endophyte of maize, Klebsiella pneumoniae 342, DNA from strain 342 was hybridized to a microarray containing 96% (n = 4,098) of the annotated open reading frames from Escherichia coli K-12. Using a criterion of 55% identity or greater, 3,000 (70%) of the E. coli K-12 open reading frames were also found to be present in strain 342. Approximately 24% (n = 1,030) of the E. coli K-12 open reading frames are absent in strain 342. For 1.6% (n = 68) of the open reading frames, the signal was too low to make a determination regarding the presence or absence of the gene. Genes with high identity between the two organisms are those involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, cofactor synthesis, cell division, DNA replication, transcription, translation, transport, and regulatory proteins. Functions that were less highly conserved included carbon compound metabolism, membrane proteins, structural proteins, putative transport proteins, cell processes such as adaptation and protection, and central intermediary metabolism. Open reading frames of E. coli K-12 with little or no identity in strain 342 included putative regulatory proteins, putative chaperones, surface structure proteins, mobility proteins, putative enzymes, hypothetical proteins, and proteins of unknown function, as well as genes presumed to have been acquired by lateral transfer from sources such as phage, plasmids, or transposons. The results were in agreement with the physiological properties of the two strains. Whole genome comparisons by genomic interspecies microarray hybridization are shown to rapidly identify thousands of genes in a previously uncharacterized bacterial genome provided that the genome of a close relative has been fully sequenced. This approach will become increasingly more useful as more full genome sequences become available.
The relationship between alternative medication possession ratio thresholds and outcomes: evidence from the use of glatiramer acetate (2011)

As adherence improved the odds of relapse decreased and charge offsets generally increased. Results suggest that, despite higher costs associated with increased usage of GA, patient outcomes are improved and there are cost-offsets associated with adherent use of GA.
Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Human Parainfluenza Type 2 Virus mRNA Encoding the Fusion Glycoprotein (1991)

A library of cDNA clones from mRNA of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (PIV2) was constructed and the nucleotide sequence of the fusion (F) glycoprotein gene determined. The F gene boundaries were obtained by primer extension sequencing on F mRNA and on viral genomic RNA. The mRNA coding for the F glycoprotein is composed of 1918 nucleotides. It contains a single large open reading frame that encodes a protein of 551 amino acids with an Mr of 59586. The predicted PIV2 F protein contains the cleavage-activation site (amino acids 101 to 106) including two Arg and two Lys residues, where the protein is cleaved by host protease into F1 and F2 subunits by analogy with other paramyxoviruses. Three hydrophobic domains are recognized, the signal peptide (amino acids 1 to 21), that is cleaved off in the mature protein, the fusion peptide (amino acids 107 to 132) at the cleavage-generated N terminus of subunit F1 and the membrane anchorage region (amino acids 486 to 513) near the C terminus of the protein. The predicted F protein has six potential glycosylation sites and 10 of the 12 Cys residues present have conserved positions as compared with those of other paramyxovirus F proteins. Primer extension sequencing on viral RNA gave the 3' end sequence as UAAAUUCU6 followed by the 5' end of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene thus establishing the order of genes coding for the viral glycoproteins of PIV2 as 5'-F-HN-3'.
Fetal cells in maternal blood (1995)

Fetal cells have been successfully detected in maternal blood in all three trimesters of gestation in a substantial proportion of normal pregnancies. Various enrichment techniques have been developed for fetal trophoblast cells, leucocytes and nucleated red blood cells. Nucleated red blood cells are considered to be best suited for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization detected the first cases of fetal trisomy in maternal blood after enrichment of fetal nucleated red blood cells. Despite recent encouraging results, accurate and reproducible diagnoses of fetal anomalies by polymerase chain reaction or fluorescence in-situ hybridization require further optimization of enrichment devices and detection protocols.
Evidence for a Multifactorial Process Involved in the Impaired Flow Response to Nitric Oxide in Hypertensive Patients With Endothelial Dysfunction (1996)

The assessment of endothelial function in hypertensive patients receiving acetylcholine has revealed conflicting results. Whether an impaired flow response to acetylcholine is explained solely by a diminished endothelial synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) remains unclear as yet. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mechanisms other than reduced NO synthesis contribute to the hypertension-associated impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Therefore, the dilatory response to endogenous and exogenous NO was measured in resistance arteries and cutaneous microvessels in the forearm circulation of 12 normotensive individuals and 17 hypertensive patients. In addition, the overall dilatory capacity was assessed by peak flow during reactive hyperemia after 3 minutes of ischemia. Forearm blood flow was quantified by venous occlusion plethysmography at rest, during application of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside, and during stimulation of endogenous NO synthesis by acetylcholine and bradykinin. Blood flow velocity in the cutaneous microvasculature was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry in parallel. Resting forearm flow was comparable in both groups (3.1 +/- 0.2 and 3.4 +/- 0.2 mL.min-1.100mL-1 tissue), whereas blood pressure and thus peripheral vascular resistance was significantly elevated in hypertensive compared with normotensive subjects. Hyperemic peak flow was significantly blunted in hypertensive patients. Sodium nitroprusside, acetylcholine, and bradykinin increased flow in a dose-dependent manner to a comparable extent in the control group (13.3 +/- 0.8, 13.6 +/- 1.3, and 14.6 +/- 0.7 mL.min-1.100mL-1 tissue, respectively). In contrast, in hypertensive patients maximum increase in resting flow was significantly reduced (sodium nitroprusside, -36%; acetylcholine, -44%; and bradykinin, -56%). The flow response after stimulation of endogenous NO synthesis by bradykinin was significantly more blunted compared with that of exogenous NO after application of sodium nitroprusside. In the cutaneous microvasculature, bradykinin-induced increases in blood flow velocity were selectively impaired in hypertensive patients, whereas flow response to acetylcholine was preserved. Thus, we conclude that in arterial hypertension endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated dilation of resistance arteries and cutaneous microvessels of the forearm vasculature is heterogeneously impaired, depending on the type of endothelial receptor stimulated. Furthermore, the present data suggest that in hypertensive patients the impairment of NO-dependent dilation of resistance arteries is caused by at least three different mechanisms: (1) a reduced endothelial synthesis of NO due to either a disturbed signal-transduction pathway and/or a reduced activity of NO synthase, (2) an accelerated NO degradation within the vessel wall, and (3) alterations in the vessel architecture resulting in an overall reduced dilatory capacity of resistance arteries.
Characteristics of Clark Y airfoils of small aspect ratios (1933)

This report presents the results of a series of wind tunnel tests showing the force, moment, and autorotational characteristics of Clark Y airfoils having aspect ratios varying from 0.5 to 3. An airfoil of rectangular plan form was tested with rectangular tips, flared tips, and semicircular tips. Tests were also made on one airfoil of circular plan form and two airfoils of elliptical plan form. The tests revealed a marked delay of the stall and a decided increase in values of maximum lift coefficient and maximum resultant force coefficient for aspect ratios of the order of 1 as compared with values for aspect ratios of 2 and 3.
Murine colon adenocarcinoma. Immunobiology of metastases (1980)

Orthotopic transplantation of MCA-39 murine colonic tumor cells into the submucosa of the cecum results in the growth of a "primary" tumor that metastasizes to the liver. This model system parallels the sequence of events that can occur with human colon carcinoma and provides a means of evaluating the role of the immune system in hepatic metastases formation. Temporal studies of the specific antitumor response detected by a micro-leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay revealed two patterns of sensitization as the "primary" tumor grew and hepatic metastases developed. The systemic antitumor response was monophasic and disappeared prior to the formation of hepatic metastases. In contrast, the local and regional antitumor response was biphasic. The breakdown in the local and regional response may play a permissive role in the formation of hepatic metastasis.
A dose reduction x‐ray beam positioning system for high‐speed multislice CT scanners (2000)

The introduction of multislice CT scanners and the associated dose increase compared to single and dual slice scanners has concerned many radiologists, health and medical physicists, as well as members of the regulatory community. Since multislice CT scanners are inherently post-patient collimated, they are less dose efficient than single slice CT scanners, which use prepatient collimation. The x-ray beam must be wide enough in the Z axis so that the beam remains on the detector in spite of typical movements due to thermal and mechanical flexing. We describe the x-ray beam tracking system that is employed on a GE LightSpeed QX/i scanner to substantially reduce the multislice dose. The tracking system stabilizes the beam on the detector allowing a narrower x-ray exposure profile compared to the x-ray exposure profile without tracking. The tracking system measures the position of the beam every few milliseconds and continually repositions a source aperture to hold a narrow beam fixed on the detector. Using a standard LightSpeed QX/i source collimator and segmented detector, dose reductions of up to 40% were measured when tracking was employed. We also show that tracking has the potential to provide a dose efficiency approaching single slice scanners.
Virus-like particles produced in plants as potential vaccines (2013)

Virus-like particles (VLPs) have been produced as candidate vaccines in plants virtually since the introduction of biofarming. Even today, VLPs remain the best candidates for safe, immunogenic, efficacious and inexpensive vaccines. Well-characterized human animal viruses such as HBV, HCV, HIV and HPV, rotaviruses, norovirus, foot and mouth disease viruses and even influenza virus proteins have all been successfully investigated for VLP formation. Proteins have been produced in transgenic plants and via transient expression techniques; simple structures, structures depending on more than one protein, naked and enveloped particles have all been made. There have been multiple proofs of concept, more than a few proofs of efficacy, and several products moved into human trials. This review will cover the history of VLP production in plants, and will explore a few examples in detail to illustrate the potential of such a mode of production for human and animal medicine.
A COMPARISON OF SYNTHETIC AND OBSERVED SPECTRA FOR G-K DWARFS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS (1997)

Seat belts have been shown to be beneficial in reducing the type and severity of injuries sustained in road traffic accidents. The association of vertebral and visceral injuries, although previously described, is rare. This and various other confounding factors may make diagnosis of the visceral injury difficult. We describe four cases of combined vertebral and visceral injury caused by the use of seat belts. The pathogenesis of the injury and subsequent management are discussed.
Association Between Vaginal Douching and Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (1990)

The vaginal douching habits of 100 consecutive municipal hospital patients with verified pelvic inflammatory disease (cases) were compared with those of 762 randomly selected controls (random controls) and 119 women thought to have pelvic inflammatory disease but in whom the diagnosis was not confirmed by laparoscopy and/or endometrial biopsy specimen (internal controls). Because patients had been symptomatic for no more than 3 weeks, current douching was arbitrarily defined as any douching during the previous 2 months. Current douching was more common among those with pelvic inflammatory disease than among random controls or internal controls. Among current douchers, pelvic inflammatory disease was significantly related to frequency of douching. For example, when cases were compared with random controls, those who douched three or more times per month were 3.6 times more likely than those who douched less than once per month to have confirmed pelvic inflammatory disease. A logistic regression model was used to adjust for demographic, behavioral, and other possible confounding variables. Even after adjustments, douching during the previous 2 months remained associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. These data suggest that among these women vaginal douching may be a risk factor for pelvic inflammatory disease.
Blackberry, Black Raspberry, Blueberry, Cranberry, Red Raspberry, and Strawberry Extracts Inhibit Growth and Stimulate Apoptosis of Human Cancer Cells In Vitro (2006)

Berry fruits are widely consumed in our diet and have attracted much attention due to their potential human health benefits. Berries contain a diverse range of phytochemicals with biological properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-neurodegerative, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, extracts of six popularly consumed berries--blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry and strawberry--were evaluated for their phenolic constituents using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) detection. The major classes of berry phenolics were anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanols, ellagitannins, gallotannins, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids. The berry extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of human oral (KB, CAL-27), breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29, HCT116), and prostate (LNCaP) tumor cell lines at concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 micro g/mL. With increasing concentration of berry extract, increasing inhibition of cell proliferation in all of the cell lines were observed, with different degrees of potency between cell lines. The berry extracts were also evaluated for their ability to stimulate apoptosis of the COX-2 expressing colon cancer cell line, HT-29. Black raspberry and strawberry extracts showed the most significant pro-apoptotic effects against this cell line. The data provided by the current study and from other laboratories warrants further investigation into the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of berries using in vivo models.
The Hat Matrix in Regression and ANOVA (1978)

Abstract In least-squares fitting it is important to understand the influence which a data y value will have on each fitted y value. A projection matrix known as the hat matrix contains this information and, together with the Studentized residuals, provides a means of identifying exceptional data points. This approach also simplifies the calculations involved in removing a data point, and it requires only simple modifications in the preferred numerical least-squares algorithms.
A model for improving the flexographic printing plate making process (2010)

A model for improving the flexographic printing plate making process
Effects of Flange Joint on the Dynamic Characteristics of the External Cylindrical Grinding Wheel Spindle (1999)

In the grinding process, generally, the exciting forces with high frequency can be generated due to the wheel wear and the grinding process. As the grinding speed increases, the precise investigation about the wheel dynamic characteristics is required. Conventionally the wheel-spindle has been considered with lumped model in dynamic modeling. With this lumped model, the significant mode resulted from the shell mode of wheel can be readily ignored. This paper suggests the new analysis model which includes the shell mode of wheel in modeling the wheel-spindle assembly. Furthermore, based on the suggested model, the effects of the bolt tightening force and the taper tightening force on the dynamic properties are investigated by the finite element modal analysis and the experimental method. As a result of investigation, the shell mode vibration of wheel affects the dynamic characteristics of the spindle assembly. Also, the vibration modes of the spindle assembly are significantly affected by the joint tightening forces.