gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Well-Block Pressures in Numerical Reservoir Simulation(includes associated paper 6988 ) (1978)

Original manuscript received in Society of Petroleum Engineers officeJune 16, 1977. Paper accepted for publication Dec. 20, 1977. Revisedmanuscript received April 3, 1978. Paper (SPE 6893) first presentedat the SPE-AIME 52nd Annual Fall Technical Conference and Exhibition, held in Denver, Oct. 9-12, 1977. Abstract Examination of grid pressures obtained in thenumerical simulation of single-phase flow into asingle well shows that the well-block pressure isessentially equal to the actual flowing pressure ata radius of 0.2 x. Using the equation forsteadystate radial flow then allows calculation ofthe flouring bottom-hole pressure. The relation between pressures measured in abuildup test and the simulator well-block pressureis derived. In particular, the buildup pressure andthe well-block pressure are shown equal at ashut-in time of 67.5 ct x2/k. This is aboutone-third the shut-in time stated by previous authors, who derived their results from an erroneousassumption concerning the significance of thewell-block pressure. When only a single buildup pressure is observedat a different shut-in time, an adjustment to theobserved pressure can be made for matching with the simulator well-block pressure. Introduction When modeling reservoir behavior by numericalmethods, inevitably the horizontal dimensions ofany grid block containing a well are much larger than the wellbore radius of that well. It long hasbeen recognized that the pressure calculated for awell block will be greatly different from the flowingbottom-hole pressure of the modeled well, but theliterature contains few specific guides as to how tomake the correction. In this study, we confine our attention tosinglephase flow in two dimensions. Consider the fiveblocks abstracted from a regular grid system(Fig.1) with the center block containing a well producingat rate q. Schwabe and Brand proposed therelationship 2 kh Pe - Pwfq = ------- -----------------,..............(1)1n(r /r) + se w where re is taken equal to x, and pe is an effectivepressure at the"drainage radius," re, obtainedfrom4Pe = Po + Fi (Pi - Po).i=1 Schwabe and Brand did not define Fi, but seemedto imply that it be taken as zero. Thus, in theabsence of a skin effect, Eq. 1 reduces to 2 kh Po - Pwfq = ------- -------------...................(2)1n (x/r) w The most significant treatment of this subjectuntil now was that of van Poollen et al. Theystated that the calculated pressure for a well block should be tithe areal average pressure in theportion of the reservoir represented by the block. SPEJ P. 183^
Use of proximal and distal cues in place navigation by mice changes during ontogeny (1996)

The ontogeny of the ability of C57BL/6 mice to use different cues for spatial learning was examined in several Morris water maze tasks. In the first two studies, three learning procedures were used, in which only distal cues (place learning), only proximal cues (cue learning), or both proximal and distal cues (cue + place learning) were pertinent to localize the platform. The results indicated that whatever the procedure, 22-day-old mice showed the same capabilities as adults. Moreover, in the cue + place-learning procedure, although the distal cues were not necessary to solve the task, both young and adult mice demonstrated the integration of distal information by exhibiting a strong spatial bias during a probe test. However, in the third experiment, it was shown that nonpertinent proximal cues perturbed 22-day-old mice in a place-learning procedure. Taken together, these results suggest that while even the youngest mice show striking spatial navigation abilities, young mice give greater importance to proximal cues for orientation whereas adults preferentially use distal information.
CGS, A Fast Lanczos-Type Solver for Nonsymmetric Linear systems (1989)

A Lanczos-type method is presented for nonsymmetric sparse linear systems as arising from discretisations of elliptic partial differential equations. The method is based on a polynomial variant of the conjugate gradients algorithm. Although related to the so-called bi-conjugate gradients (Bi-CG) algorithm, it does not involve adjoint matrix-vector multiplications, and the expected convergence rate is about twice that of the Bi-CG algorithm. Numerical comparison is made with other solvers, testing the method on a family of convection diffusion equations, on various grids, and with the use of two different preconditioning methods. Upwind as well as central differencing is used in the experiments.
Can a super oral rehydration solution stimulate intestinal repair in acute viral enteritis? (1996)

This study was designed to screen several treatments for their effects on mucosal repair in an established model of piglet rotavirus enteritis. Six ingredients selected to facilitate repair were added to the oral rehydration solution (ORS) and subsequently to the diet: L-glutamine (GLN); rice solids; a soluble fiber (carboxymethylcellulose); nucleotides; polyamines; and fructooligo-saccharides. Rotavirus infection consistently induced a watery diarrhoea lasting 5 to 10 days and produced a jejunal mucosal lesion which was maximal at 3 days, post-inoculation (manifested by a reduction of villus surface area to 30% to 50% of normal). By 7 to 10 day post-inoculation, the villus surface area returned to 50% to 80% of normal. None of the supplemental ingredients added to the ORS had a significant effect in either shortening the clinical illness or in stimulating recovery of the affected mucosa. It is concluded that several types of "Super ORS" are ineffective in enhancing repair in viral enteritis in neonatal colostrum-deprived piglets. These results do not rule out beneficial effects of the additives tested in subjects with more extensive intestinal damage, in those who receive breast milk, or in those with bacterial enteritis.
Minimally Invasive Lateral Mass Screws in the Treatment of Cervical Facet Dislocations: Technical Note (2003)

This technical note describes the successful placement of lateral mass screw and rod constructs with the use of a minimally invasive approach by means of a tubular dilator retractor system. This approach preserves the integrity of the muscles and ligaments that maintain the posterior tension band of the cervical spine.
Towards circadian computing (2014)

We often think of ourselves as individuals with steady capabilities. However, converging strands of research indicate that this is not the case. Our biochemistry varies significantly over the course of a 24 hour period. Consequently our levels of alertness, productivity, physical activity, and even sensitivity to pain fluctuate throughout the day. This offers a considerable opportunity for the UbiComp community to identify novel measurements and interventions that can leverage these daily variations. To illustrate this potential, we present results from an empirical study with 9 participants over 97 days investigating whether such variations manifest in low-level smartphone use, focusing on daily rhythms related to sleep. Our findings demonstrate that phone usage patterns can be used to detect and predict individual daily variations indicative of temporal preference, sleep duration, and deprivation. We also identify opportunities and challenges for measuring and enhancing well-being using these simple and effective markers of circadian rhythms.
经济实力增长态势比较:俄国·中国 (1995)

俄中经济实力增长态势比较,其科学和实践、经济和政治的意义,近年来已有了实质性的进展。显然可以这么说:这一当初不存在的,因而未作全面探索的问题,由于自1979年以来中国推行经济改革,而出现了两国国民经济增长速度的不同,该问题也就具备了新性质。 据官方资料,1991年中国的国民总产值比改革前的1979年增长了2.97倍。其中农业生产增长了2.1倍,工业生产增长了4.54倍,年平均增长率相当于8.7,5.9和12.2％,大大高于苏联和世界年平均增长水平。在这几年里,居民的年平均消费水平,从2.2％提高到6.5％。从1953年开始,至1988年,中国工业总产值已占世界第
Antiviral effect of lymphokine-activated killer cells: chemotaxis and homing to sites of virus infection (1989)

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated from C57BL/6 mouse spleen cells cultured with interleukin-2 are effective prophylactically against virus infection when inoculated at the site of virus injection. To predict the therapeutic efficacy of LAK cells, we determined whether LAK cells would home to sites of virus infection. In vitro, LAK cells responded chemotactically to cell-free peritoneal exudate fluids collected from virus-infected mice and to preparations of purified beta interferon. In vivo, radiolabeled LAK cells injected intravenously accumulated in the peritoneal cavities of intraperitoneally infected mice in amounts three to eight times greater than in uninfected mice. This ability to respond to chemotactic agents and migrate into sites of virus infection may make LAK cells useful as antiviral therapeutic agents.
Met receptor signaling is required for sensory nerve development and HGF promotes axonal growth and survival of sensory neurons (1997)

The development of the nervous system is a dynamic process during which factors act in an instructive fashion to direct the differentiation and survival of neurons, and to induce axonal outgrowth, guidance to, and terminal branching within the target tissue. Here we report that mice expressing signaling mutants of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, the Met tyrosine kinase, show a striking reduction of sensory nerves innervating the skin of the limbs and thorax, implicating the HGF/Met system in sensory neuron development. Using in vitro assays, we find that HGF cooperates with nerve growth factor (NGF) to enhance axonal outgrowth from cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. HGF also enhances the neurotrophic activities of NGF in vitro, and Met receptor signaling is required for the survival of a proportion of DRG neurons in vivo. This synergism is specific for NGF but not for the related neurotrophins BDNF and NT3. By using a mild signaling mutant of Met, we have demonstrated previously that Met requires signaling via the adapter molecule Grb2 to induce proliferation of myoblasts. In contrast, the actions of HGF on sensory neurons are mediated by Met effectors distinct from Grb2. Our findings demonstrate a requirement for Met signaling in neurons during development.
Edible oil structuring: an overview and recent updates (2015)

In recent years, research dealing with edible oil structuring has received considerable interest from scientific community working in the area of food formulation. Much of this interest is linked to the possibility of using structured oil in development of newer product formats with improved nutritional profile (trans fat-free, low in saturated fats and high in mono and/or poly unsaturated fatty acids). In addition to the obvious industrial need of finding the alternative formulation approach, the interesting properties of structured systems (particularly, oleogels) also makes them a fascinating subject for fundamental studies. In this paper, we attempt to give a comprehensive and concise overview of the field of oil structuring with special emphasis on the updates from recent years. Specifically, several categories of food-grade oleogelators and their potential food applications are summarized with typical examples along with a discussion on the general principles and unresolved challenges related to this emerging area.
A STUDY OF DATA QUALITY ISSUES IN MOBILE TELECOM OPERATORS (2008)

Telecommunication operators currently servicing mobile users world-wide have dramatically increased in the last few years. Although most of the operators use similar technologies and equipment provided by world leaders in the field such as Ericsson, Nokia-Siemens, Motorola, etc, it can be observed that many vendors utilize propriety methods and processes for maintaining network status and collecting statistical data for detailed monitoring of network elements. This data forms their competitive differentiation and hence is extremely valuable for the organization. However, in this paper we will demonstrate through a case study based on a GSM operator in Iran, how this mission critical data can be fraught with serious data quality problems, leading to diminished capacity to take appropriate action and ultimately achieve customer satisfaction. We will further present a taxonomy of data quality problems derived from the case study. A breif survey of reported literature on data quality is presented in the context of the taxonomy, which can not only be utilized as a framework to classify and understand data quality problems in the telecommunication domain but can also be used for other domains with similar information systems landscapes.
The human eye-movement response to maintained surface galvanic vestibular stimulation (2003)

This thesis was digitised for the purposes of Document Delivery. It is not available on open access and access is restricted. The item may be requested on Interlibrary Loan or viewed in the Rare Book Library at the University of Sydney. If you are the author of this work and would like it to be made available on open access please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalysis of β<sub>3</sub>-[(Co<sup>II</sup>O<sub>4</sub>)W<sub>11</sub>O<sub>31</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>],<sup>10-</sup> the First Keggin-Based True Heteropoly Dioxygen (Peroxo) Anion. Spectroscopic (ESR, IR) Evidence for the Formation of Superoxo Polytungstates (1999)

Reactions of hydrogen peroxide with several lacunary polyoxometalates of the 1:11 series, XW11O39m- (X = Co3+, Ga3+, Fe3+, Si4+, and P5+), are reported. Synthetic pathways to new polyoxotungstates incorporating dioxygen moieties (peroxo and/or superoxo) are developed. The key step involves treating lacunary precursors with H2O2 in strongly buffered aqueous solutions. Upon reaction of H2O2 with α-[Co3+W11O39],9- (a) the central tetrahedral Co3+ is reduced to Co2+ and (b) each of the four unshared oxygens surrounding the vacancy are replaced by a peroxide group, yielding salts of the tetraperoxide anion β3-[(Co2+O4)W11O31(O2)4]10- (1). These results are unequivocally established by a combination of elemental analysis, spectroscopy (UV−Vis−near-IR and IR), magnetic moment determination, and complete X-ray crystal structure analysis of (NH4)9K[(Co2+O4)W11O31(O2)4]·5H2O. The dioxygen O−O bonds are 1.41 and 1.44 Å, typical of peroxo complexes. Salts of 1 are excellent stereoselective catalysts for the oxidation/epoxidation by H2O2. Reaction of 2-cyclohexenol with H2O2 catalyzed by 1 yields cis- and trans-2,3-epoxycyclohexen-1-ol (59.3% and 3.6%, respectively) and 2-cyclohexen-1-one (28.3%). According to ESR and IR spectroscopic results, the reaction of H2O2 with other lacunary XW11O39m- anions (X = P5+, Si4+, Ga3+, and Fe3+) proceeds by a different mechanism which involves the loss of heteroatom and formation of an isopolytungstate containing superoxo moieties (g1 = 2.039, g2 = 2.014, g3 = 2.009; ν0-0 = 1040 and 1060 cm-1).
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Potassium Titanate Fibers from K<sub>2</sub>O-TiO<sub>2</sub> Glass (1975)

The finding that the addition of seed crystals promoted the formation of potassium titanate fibers from TiO2 under hydrothermal conditions. using titanium dioxide, led us to the idea that the rate determining step might be the supply of the polyions with structure related to the fiber crystals.To supply the poly-ions the present authors used a glass of the system K2O-TiO2 as starting material instead of TiO2. With use of the glass (the composition being around K3TiO3.5), the synthesis rate of potassium titanate fibers was increased. The glass was superior to titanium oxide on the following points; 1) homogeneity, 2) larger solubility, 3) including the structure related to the fiber crystals and 4) easiness in choosing grain size and shape.Non-crystalline fibers were also obtained from the glass under hydrothermal conditions, which was later converted into crystalline fibers by heating at above 950°C.The addition of seed crystals to the glass further improved the formation rate.
Optical applications of ferroelectrics (1974)

Abstract Ferroelectric materials have found extensive application in optoelectronic devices for uses in optical communication, memory, display and coherent optical processing. Specific device applications include modulators, beam deflectors, light valves and holographic storage media. These device applications are reviewed with emphasis on progress made since June 1971, and on the competition provided by such technologies as acoustooptics, magnetooptics and liquid crystals.
Suzuki−Miyaura and Sonogashira Coupling of 6-Chloropurines and -Nucleosides in Water (2009)

A general protocol is reported for the efficient Suzuki-Miyaura and the copper-free Sonogashira coupling of unprotected 6-chloropurines and unprotected beta-d-ribofuranosyl-6-chloropurine in water or in water/n-butanol utilizing Na(2)PdCl(4) and a disulfonated and highly water-soluble fluorenylphosphine (cataCXium F sulf).
Flavonolignan and Flavone Inhibitors of a <i>Staphylococcus </i><i>a</i><i>ureus</i> Multidrug Resistance Pump:  Structure−Activity Relationships (2000)

Although some progress has been reported on structure-activity relationships (SARs) for inhibitors of mammalian P-glycoprotein MDR efflux pumps, there is almost nothing in the literature regarding SARs for inhibitors of any bacterial efflux pump. Indeed, only a few of these have been described. Our discovery of a potent naturally occurring flavonolignan inhibitor of the NorA MDR pump of Staphylococcus aureus provided a structural foundation upon which SARs could be assessed via synthetic analogues. Several flavonolignans were prepared which proved to have greater potency than the natural isolate, 5'-methoxyhydnocarpin-D, while others showed decreased potency. Surprisingly, some simple alkylated flavones also were quite active MDR pump inhibitors. Variability of activity among the compounds tested was sufficient so that at least some SARs could be postulated and compared with those known for P-glycoprotein.
Mechanical and physical properties of isothermally aged carbon fiber‐epoxy composites (1996)

Abstract Isothermal aging of continuous carbon fiber‐epoxy resin composites containing epoxy resin derived from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) and methylene dianiline (MDA) and 64 vol% of carbon fibers with orientation angles of 0°, 45°, 90° and crossply fibers was performed in vacuum, air and nitrogen atmosphere. The impact strength of the 45° ply composites increased from 149 kJ/m 2 to 15.5 × 10 2 kJ/m 2 after isothermal aging in vacuum at 200°C for 13 h. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the 90° ply composites increased from 3 to 4 MPa after isothermal aging at 184°C for 336 h in nitrogen atmosphere. The flexural strength of the 90° ply composites, however, remained unchanged (∼80 MPa) after isothermal aging in nitrogen at 184°C for 336 h. The impact strength of the 90 degree ply composites decreased by 20% (∼15 kJ/m 2 to 12 kJ/m 2 ) and 80% (∼15 kJ/m 2 to 3 kJ/m 2 ) after isothermal aging in nitrogen atmosphere at 184°C for 336 h and in air at 200°C for 336 h, respectively.
Scheduling optimization in multicore multithreaded microprocessors through dynamic modeling (2013)

Complexity in resource allocation grows dramatically as multiple cores and threads are implemented on Multicore Multi-threaded Microprocessors (MMMP). Such complexity is escalated with variations in workload behaviors. In an effort to support a dynamic, adaptive and scalable operating system (OS) scheduling policy for MMMP, architectural strategies are proposed to construct linear models to capture workload behaviors and then schedule threads according to their resource demands. This paper describes the design through three steps: in the first step we convert a static scheduling policy into a dynamic one, which evaluates the thread mapping pattern at runtime. In the second step we employ regression models to ensure that the scheduling policy is capable of responding to the changing behaviors of threads during execution. In the final step we limit the overhead of the proposed policy by adopting a heuristic approach, thus ensure the scalability with the exponential growth of core and thread counts. The experimental results validate our proposed model in terms of throughput, adaptability and scalability. Compared with the baseline static approach, our phase-triggered scheduling policy could achieve up to 29% speedup. We also provide detailed tradeoff study between performance and overhead that system architects can reference to when target systems and specific overheads are presented.
Comparison of continuous-wave terahertz wave generation and bias-field-dependent saturation in GaAs:O and LT-GaAs antennas (2009)

Terahertz wave (THz) photoconductive (PC) antennas were fabricated on oxygen-implanted GaAs (GaAs:O) and low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs). The measured cw THz power at 0.358 THz from the GaAs:O antenna is about twice that from the LT-GaAs antenna under the same testing conditions, with the former showing no saturation up to a bias of 40 kV/cm, while the latter is already beginning to saturate at 20 kV/cm. A modified theoretical model incorporating bias-field-dependent electron saturation velocity is employed to explain the results. It shows that GaAs:O exhibits a higher electron saturation velocity, which may be further exploited to generate even larger THz powers by reducing the ion dosage and optimizing the annealing process in GaAs:O.
An optimized microplate assay system for quantitative evaluation of plant cell wall–degrading enzyme activity of fungal culture extracts (2008)

Developing enzyme cocktails for cellulosic biomass hydrolysis complementary to current cellulase systems is a critical step needed for economically viable biofuels production. Recent genomic analysis indicates that some plant pathogenic fungi are likely a largely untapped resource in which to prospect for novel hydrolytic enzymes for biomass conversion. In order to develop high throughput screening assays for enzyme bioprospecting, a standardized microplate assay was developed for rapid analysis of polysaccharide hydrolysis by fungal extracts, incorporating biomass substrates. Fungi were grown for 10 days on cellulose- or switchgrass-containing media to produce enzyme extracts for analysis. Reducing sugar released from filter paper, Avicel, corn stalk, switchgrass, carboxymethylcellulose, and arabinoxylan was quantified using a miniaturized colorimetric assay based on 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. Significant interactions were identified among fungal species, growth media composition, assay substrate, and temperature. Within a small sampling of plant pathogenic fungi, some extracts had crude activities comparable to or greater than T. reesei, particularly when assayed at lower temperatures and on biomass substrates. This microplate assay system should prove useful for high-throughput bioprospecting for new sources of novel enzymes for biofuel production.
Nitinol Stents With Polymer-Free Paclitaxel Coating for Lesions in the Superficial Femoral and Popliteal Arteries Above the Knee:<b>Twelve-Month Safety and Effectiveness Results From the Zilver PTX Single-Arm Clinical Study</b> (2011)

These results indicate that the Zilver PTX drug-eluting stent is safe for treatment of patients with de novo and restenotic lesions of the above-the-knee femoropopliteal segment. At 1 year, the overall anatomical and clinical effectiveness results suggest that this stent is a promising endovascular therapy.
Bilgi Toplumu ve Dernekler (1994)

Voluntary groups have become the steering force in socio-economic processes in the information society. In other words, associationalism has become a measure and indicator of economic and social development of a society. The Turkish Librarians Association, as a professional organisation, is faced with a great responsibility which entails an important role in the formation of an information policy which will lead our society into the information age; and improvement of the economic and social status of professionals.