gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hibernation model of tau phosphorylation in hamsters: selective vulnerability of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons – implications for Alzheimer's disease (2007)

Neurofibrillar tangles made up of 'paired helical filaments' (PHFs) consisting of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tangle formation selectively affects certain neuronal types and systematically progresses throughout numerous brain areas, which reflects a hierarchy of neuronal vulnerability and provides the basis for the neuropathological staging of disease severity. Mechanisms underlying this selective neuronal vulnerability are unknown. We showed previously that reversible PHF-like phosphorylation of tau occurs during obligate hibernation. Here we extend these findings to facultative hibernators such as Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) forced into hibernation. In this model, we showed in the basal forebrain projection system that cholinergic neurons are selectively affected by PHF-like phosphorylated tau, while gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons are largely spared, which shows strong parallels to the situation in AD. Formation of PHF-tau in these neurons apparently does not affect their function as pacemaker for terminating hibernation. We conclude that although formation of PHF-like phosphorylated tau in the mammalian brain follows a certain hierarchy, affecting some neurons more frequently than others, it is not necessarily associated with impaired neuronal function and viability. This indicates a more general link between PHF-like phosphorylation of tau and the adaptation of neurons under conditions of a 'vita minima'.
Wind-instrument reflection function measurements in the time domain (1996)

Theoretical and computational analyses of wind-instrument sound production in the time domain have emerged as useful tools for understanding musical instrument acoustics, yet there exist few experimental measurements of the air-column response directly in the time domain. A new experimental, time-domain technique is proposed to measure the reflection function response of woodwind and brass-instrument air columns. This response is defined at the location of sound regeneration in the mouthpiece or double reed. A probe assembly comprised of an acoustic source and microphone is inserted directly into the air column entryway using a foam plug to ensure a leak-free fit. An initial calibration phase involves measurements on a single cylindrical tube of known dimensions. Measurements are presented on an alto saxophone and euphonium. The technique has promise for testing any musical instrument air columns using a single probe assembly and foam plugs over a range of diameters typical of air-column entryways.
Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Visualize Chronic and Cycling Hypoxia in Tumor-Bearing Mice (2010)

Tumors exhibit fluctuations in blood flow that influence oxygen concentrations and therapeutic resistance. To assist therapeutic planning and improve prognosis, noninvasive dynamic imaging of spatial and temporal variations in oxygen partial pressure (pO(2)) would be useful. Here, we illustrate the use of pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) as a novel imaging method to directly monitor fluctuations in oxygen concentrations in mouse models. A common resonator platform for both EPRI and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided pO(2) maps with anatomic guidance and microvessel density. Oxygen images acquired every 3 minutes for a total of 30 minutes in two different tumor types revealed that fluctuation patterns in pO(2) are dependent on tumor size and tumor type. The magnitude of fluctuations in pO(2) in SCCVII tumors ranged between 2- to 18-fold, whereas the fluctuations in HT29 xenografts were of lower magnitude. Alternating breathing cycles with air or carbogen (95% O(2) plus 5% CO(2)) distinguished higher and lower sensitivity regions, which responded to carbogen, corresponding to cycling hypoxia and chronic hypoxia, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis suggests that the fluctuation in pO(2) correlated with pericyte density rather than vascular density in the tumor. This EPRI technique, combined with MRI, may offer a powerful clinical tool to noninvasively detect variable oxygenation in tumors.
NEST 2: a parallel simulator for large neuronal networks (2008)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Providing Timely Examples Improves the Quantity and Quality of Generated Ideas (2015)

Emerging online ideation platforms with thousands of example ideas provide an important resource for creative production. But how can ideators best use these examples to create new innovations? Recent work has suggested that not just the choice of examples, but also the timing of their delivery can impact creative outcomes. Building on existing cognitive theories of creative insight, we hypothesize that people are likely to benefit from examples when they run out of ideas. We explore two example delivery mechanisms that test this hypothesis: 1) a system that proactively provides examples when a user appears to have run out of ideas, and 2) a system that provides examples when a user explicitly requests them. Our online experiment (N=97) compared these two mechanisms against two baselines: providing no examples and automatically showing examples at a regular interval. Participants who requested examples themselves generated ideas that were rated the most novel by external evaluators. Participants who received ideas automatically when they appeared to be stuck produced the most ideas. Importantly, participants who received examples at a regular interval generated fewer ideas than participants who received no examples, suggesting that mere access to examples is not sufficient for creative inspiration. These results emphasize the importance of the timing of example delivery. Insights from this study can inform the design of collective ideation support systems that help people generate many high quality ideas.
Solution-Phase, Triangular Ag Nanotriangles Fabricated by Nanosphere Lithography (2005)

A novel method to produce solution-phase triangular silver nanoparticles is presented. Ag nanoparticles are prepared by nanosphere lithography and are subsequently released into solution. The resulting nanoparticles are asymmetrically functionalized to produce either single isolated nanoparticles or dimer pairs. The structural and optical properties of Ag nanoparticles have been characterized. Mie theory and the Discrete Dipole Approximation method (DDA) have been used to model and interpret the optical properties of the released Ag nanoparticles.
Long-acting antipsychotic medication, restraint and treatment in the management of acute psychosis (1999)

Objective: Zuclopenthixol acetate (ZA) is the first parenteral antipsychotic medication introduced for clinical use in the treatment of aggression and agitation that has a relatively prolonged duration of action. The aim of this paper is to explore a number of important ethical and clinical issues that are raised by the use of this novel therapeutic formulation.Method: Relevant literature is explored and several issues are identified from which arguments for and against the use of medication of this type are raised. These issues are considered in general and with the use of a number of stylised clinical scenarios.Result: The use of long-acting antipsychotic medication is complicated by its impact upon patient autonomy, by considerations of informed consent and by the need to provide justice to all patients and staff in a psychiatric treatment setting. The use of ZA in the emergency treatment of psychotic patients may only be justified under specific clinical circumstances and its use is not appropriate as routine chemical restraint.Conclusions: Zuclopenthixol acetate is a novel and potentially useful treatment alternative in the acutely disturbed patient. Institutions in which ZA is used in emergency settings should develop protocols to guide clinicians in its appropriate use and provide monitoring.
Role of the YAP Oncoprotein in Priming Ras-Driven Rhabdomyosarcoma (2015)

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a cancer characterized by features of skeletal muscle histogenesis, is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence. Survival for high-risk groups is less than 30% at 5 years. RMS also occurs during adulthood, with a lower incidence but higher mortality. Recently, mutational profiling has revealed a correlation between activating Ras mutations in the embryonal (eRMS) and pleomorphic (pRMS) histologic variants of RMS, and a poorer outcome for those patients. Independently, the YAP transcriptional coactivator, an oncoprotein kept in check by the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, is upregulated in eRMS. Here we show that YAP promotes cell proliferation and antagonizes apoptosis and myogenic differentiation of human RMS cells bearing oncogenic Ras mutations in cell culture studies in vitro and in murine xenografts in vivo. Pharmacologic inhibition of YAP by the benzoporphyrin derivative verteporfin decreased cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. To interrogate the temporal contribution of YAP in eRMS tumorigenesis, we used a primary human cell-based genetic model of Ras-driven RMS. Constitutively active YAP functioned as an early genetic lesion, permitting bypass of senescence and priming myoblasts to tolerate subsequent expression of hTERT and oncogenic Ras, which were necessary and sufficient to generate murine xenograft tumors mimicking RMS in vivo. This work provides evidence for cooperation between YAP and oncogenic Ras in RMS tumorigenesis, laying the foundation for preclinical co-targeting of these pathways.
A novel network module for medical devices (2008)

In order to allow medical devices to upload the vital signs to a server on a network without manually configuring for end-users, a new network module is proposed. The proposed network module, called Medical Hub (MH), functions as a bridge to fetch the data from all connecting medical devices, and then upload these data to the server. When powering on, the MH can immediately establish network configuration automatically. Network Address Translation (NAT) traversal is also supported by the MH with the UPnP Internet Gateway Device (IGD) methodology. Besides the network configuration, other configuration in the MH is automatically established by using the remote management protocol TR-069. On the other hand, a mechanism for updating software automatically according to the variant connected medical device is proposed. With this mechanism, newcome medical devices can be detected and supported by the MH without manual operation.
Simultaneous determination of manganese, cobalt, and copper with a computer-controlled flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous determination of manganese, cobalt, and copper with a computer-controlled flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometerErik. Lundberg and Gillis. JonanssonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 13, 1922–1926Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50007a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50007a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GaN focused ion beam micromachining with gas-assisted etching (2001)

Halide gases, such as Cl2, IBr, or ICl, are common etchant species for the etching of III nitrides and other compound semiconductor materials in plasma etching processes. We have investigated the Ga+ focused ion beam milling of GaN in conjunction with gas-assisted etching (GAE) by halide gases I2 and XeF2. We have observed that I2 and XeF2 GAE with a 30 keV Ga+ ion beam leads to significantly enhanced GaN etch rates. When these gases are utilized with appropriate ion beam scan strategies (such as ion beam current, beam dwell time, and beam overlap), we have measured GaN etch rate enhancements of 6× to 9× and 2× to 3× faster for I2 and XeF2, respectively.
Portal: A Query Language for Evolving Graphs (2016)

Graphs are used to represent a plethora of phenomena, from the Web and social networks, to biological pathways, to semantic knowledge bases. Arguably the most interesting and important questions one can ask about graphs have to do with their evolution. Which Web pages are showing an increasing popularity trend? How does influence propagate in social networks? How does knowledge evolve? 
Much research and engineering effort today goes into developing sophisticated graph analytics and their efficient implementations, both stand-alone and in scope of data processing platforms. Yet, systematic support for scalable querying and analytics over evolving graphs still lacks. 
In this paper we present Portal, a declarative language that supports efficient querying and exploratory analysis of evolving graphs, and an implementation of Portal in scope of Apache Spark, an open-source distributed data processing framework. Our language supports a variety of operations including temporal selection, join and aggregation, and a rich class of analytics. We develop multiple physical representations and partitioning strategies and study the trade-offs between structural and temporal locality. We provide an extensive experimental evaluation of our system, demonstrating that careful engineering can lead to good performance.
Cylindrical morphologies in asymmetric ABC triblock copolymers (1997)

Abstract In asymmetric ABC triblock copolymers with C being the matrix‐forming majority component, the formation of cylindrical morphologies is governed by the sum of the volume fractions of the components A and B (ϕ A + ϕ B ) as well as by their ratio (ϕ B /ϕ A ). The paper describes the morphologies of various polystyrene‐ block ‐polybutadiene‐ block ‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (SBM) and polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(ethylene‐ co ‐butylene)‐ block ‐poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers (SEBM) in dependence on these parameters. In addition to previously reported cylinder in cylinder (c i c, core shell) and helical (hel) morphologies, new microphase separated structures as cylinders at cylinder (c a c), undulated/perforated cylinder in cylinder (uc i c) and spheres on cylinder (s o c) are discussed. Based on a simple theoretical approach the transitions between these various morphologies are predicted, especially focusing on the transition between the c i c and c a c morphologies.
Tenderness classification of beef: II. Design and analysis of a system to measure beef longissimus shear force under commercial processing conditions. (1999)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of a system for classifying beef for tenderness based on a rapid, simple method of measuring cooked longissimus shear force. Longissimus steaks (2.54 cm thick) were trimmed free of s.c. fat and bone and rapidly cooked using a belt grill. A 1-cm-thick, 5-cm-long slice was removed from the cooked longissimus parallel with the muscle fibers for measurement of shear force. Slices were sheared with a flat, blunt-end blade using an electronic testing machine. The entire process was completed in less than 10 min. Therefore, in commercial application, this process could be completed during the 10- to 15-min period that carcasses are normally held to allow the ribeye to bloom for quality grading. In Exp. 1, the repeatability of slice shear force (SSF), as determined by evaluation of duplicate samples from 204 A-maturity carcasses, was .89. In Exp. 2, A-maturity carcasses (n = 483) were classified into three groups based on SSF (< 23, 23 to 40, and > 40 kg) at 3 d postmortem that differed (P < .001) in mean trained sensory panel tenderness ratings (7.3 +/- .04, 6.4 +/- .06, and 4.4 +/- .20) and the percentages (100, 91, and 28%) of samples rated "Slightly Tender" or higher at 14 d postmortem. Therefore, this tenderness classification system could be used to accurately segregate beef carcasses into expected tenderness groups. Further research is needed to test the feasibility and accuracy of this system under a variety of commercial processing conditions.
<title>Evanescent wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy for ultrasensitive chemical detection</title> (1999)

A new technology will be described which extends the cavity ring-down optical absorption technique to condensed matter by using a miniature, high-finesse, monolithic, total- internal-reflection-ring resonator. Evanescent waves that are generated by total-internal reflection permit input and output coupling by photon tunneling and probe the presence of absorbing species at a cavity facet. The TIR-ring design permits broadband cavity ring-down measurements of adsorbates, thin films, and liquids by eliminating the use of multilayer coatings. The basic sensing concept will first be reviewed by describing recent experiments employing a non-ring prototype in which a totally reflecting element was incorporated in a conventional ring-down cavity. The basic design issues for miniature TIR-ring cavities will then be briefly reviewed along with some numerical result obtained using a wave optics model that show the magnitude of different optical losses as a function of cavity size. A competition between losses results in an optimum size for chemical detection which occurs when the round-trip loss of the 'empty' cavity is minimized. The first experimental results will be presented for a square, fused-silica TIR- ring cavity for which the theoretically predicted photon decay time has been achieved.
Non-invasive assessment of biofilm growth in the middle ear using a portable low-coherence interferometry system (2010)

Otitis media (OM) is the most common illness in children in the United States.\nThree-fourths of children under the age of three have OM at least once. Children with\nchronic OM, including OM with effusion and recurrent OM, will often have conductive\nhearing loss and communication difficulties, and will need surgical treatment. Recent\nclinical studies state that almost all chronic OM cases are accompanied by a bacterial\nbiofilm behind the tympanic membrane (eardrum). Biofilms are typically very thin,\nmaking them difficult to be recognized using a regular otoscope. However, lowcoherence\ninterferometry (LCI) is capable of detecting and quantifying this\nmicrostructure. The goal of this research was to design a portable system integrating LCI\nwith a standard video otoscope to detect the presence of biofilms and provide quantitative\ninformation about the middle ear to assist physicians in diagnosing middle ear infections.\nIn the future, it is expected such quantitative information will direct and monitor\ntreatment protocols. The system uses a super-luminescent diode centered at 940 nm with\na bandwidth of 60 nm and the axial resolution of ~ 4.5 um in tissue. Axial scans are\nacquired in vivo at the rate of 2 kHz and using a custom automated algorithm classified\naccording to microstructural features to provide statistical determination for OM status.\nPreliminary results are described in a rat OM model and in humans.
CCXXII.—Electrolytic formation of alloys and amalgams of manganese (1924)

A. N. Campbell, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1924, 125, 1713 DOI: 10.1039/CT9242501713
A simple motion-planning algorithm for general robot manipulators (1987)

A simple and efficient algorithm is presented, using configuration space, to plan collision-free motions for general manipulators. An implementation of the algorithm for manipulators made up of revolute joints is also presented. The configuration-space obstacles for an n degree-of-freedom manipulator are approximated by sets of n - 1- dimensional slices, recursively built up from one-dimensional slices. This obstacle representation leads to an efficient approximation of the free space outside of the configuration-space obstacles.
Clinical and biologic characteristics for recurring neuroblastoma at mass screening cases in Japan (2001)

Most neuroblastomas detected by mass screening at 6 months of age have biologically favorable factors. However, approximately 10% of the cases had one or more unfavorable factors and thus might have a higher risk of recurrence than the patients with no unfavorable factors. Conversely, some cases with recurring disease had no unfavorable factors; however, the reason for this is still unclear. A long-term follow-up for mass screening cases is important, and it also might be necessary to research the established biologic factors and identify other new prognostic factors.
Shrinking window operations for expanding display space (2004)

Recent research and technology advances indicate that multiple monitor systems are likely to become commonplace in the near future. An important property of such systems is that the physical separation of the display prompts users to place windows entirely within monitors, and thus does not fully alleviate the problem of managing windows on smaller monitors. Another finding about multiple monitor systems is that an additional monitor often holds windows that help the user maintain awareness rather than support interaction with information, but that multiple monitor users tend not to have many more windows visible than their single-monitor counterparts. We therefore present a window shrinking operation that specifically intends to help users display a window's relevant information. The operation should help to create smaller windows to manage, helping the "small monitor management" problem and targeting use of awareness windows on multiple monitor systems.
Purification and Properties of Uricase from<i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (1980)

Journal Article Purification and Properties of Uricase from Enterobacter cloacae Get access Yozo Machida, Yozo Machida Tokyo Research Laboratory, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Machida-shi, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tora Nakanishi Tora Nakanishi Tokyo Research Laboratory, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Machida-shi, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 44, Issue 12, 1 December 1980, Pages 2811–2815, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864431 Published: 01 December 1980 Article history Received: 17 April 1980 Published: 01 December 1980
Transfection of Antisense <i>p53</i> Tumor Suppressor Gene Oligodeoxynucleotides Into Rat Carotid Artery Results in Abnormal Growth of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2000)

Overall, the present study demonstrated that loss of p53 by antisense p53 ODN resulted in an abnormal VSMC growth in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrated the potential contribution of p53 to the pathogenesis of restenosis.