gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resting-State Functional Connectivity-Based Biomarkers and Functional MRI-Based Neurofeedback for Psychiatric Disorders: A Challenge for Developing Theranostic Biomarkers (2017)

Psychiatric research has been hampered by an explanatory gap between psychiatric symptoms and their neural underpinnings, which has resulted in poor treatment outcomes. This situation has prompted us to shift from symptom-based diagnosis to data-driven diagnosis, aiming to redefine psychiatric disorders as disorders of neural circuitry. Promising candidates for data-driven diagnosis include resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI)-based biomarkers. Although biomarkers have been developed with the aim of diagnosing patients and predicting the efficacy of therapy, the focus has shifted to the identification of biomarkers that represent therapeutic targets, which would allow for more personalized treatment approaches. This type of biomarker (i.e., "theranostic biomarker") is expected to elucidate the disease mechanism of psychiatric conditions and to offer an individualized neural circuit-based therapeutic target based on the neural cause of a condition. To this end, researchers have developed rs-fcMRI-based biomarkers and investigated a causal relationship between potential biomarkers and disease-specific behavior using functional MRI (fMRI)-based neurofeedback on functional connectivity. In this review, we introduce a recent approach for creating a theranostic biomarker, which consists mainly of 2 parts: (1) developing an rs-fcMRI-based biomarker that can predict diagnosis and/or symptoms with high accuracy, and (2) the introduction of a proof-of-concept study investigating the relationship between normalizing the biomarker and symptom changes using fMRI-based neurofeedback. In parallel with the introduction of recent studies, we review rs-fcMRI-based biomarker and fMRI-based neurofeedback, focusing on the technological improvements and limitations associated with clinical use.
Diglyceride content and composition as indicators of palm oil quality (1995)

Abstract The diglycerides present in palm oil and palm oil fractions were analysed using thin‐layer and gas chromatography. The diglyceride contents and compositions of commercial palm oils were compared with those of oils extracted from fresh fruits. The results showed that the diglycerides present in palm oil and its fractions consist mainly of palmitoyloleoyl‐, dioleoyl‐ and dipalmitoyl‐ sn ‐glycerol. The levels of diglycerides in fresh palm oils (17‐38 g kg −1 ) were lower than those in commercial palm oils (40‐75 g kg −1 ). In the oils from fresh fruits the 1,2‐diglyceride predominates over the 1,3‐isomer whereas in commercial oils the reverse is observed. The ratio of 1,3‐ to 1,2‐diglycerides in fresh oils depends on the degree of maturity of the fruit. Furthermore, the 1,3‐diglycerides increase rapidly after the 20th week of anthesis, while the 1,2‐diglycerides decrease rapidly over the same period of time. Storage of ripe fruits and oils over 10 days also resulted in further increase of the 1,3 : 1,2‐diglyceride ratio. Thermal treatment of oils caused the most significant changes in the ratio. Isomerisation in the fruit and in the oil during thermal treatment is discussed. Based on this study, it is proposed that the diglyceride contents and their ratios be used as indicators of oil quality in addition to other widely used quality parameters such as peroxide and anisidine values.
Reciprocal gene expression of rat fibroglycan and beta-actin during the course of regeneration after D-galactosamine liver injury. (1997)

FG expression is transiently suppressed when cytoskeleton gene expression is enhanced at the early phase of liver regeneration.
AlGaN/GaN quantum well ultraviolet light emitting diodes (1998)

We report on the growth and characterization of ultraviolet GaN quantum well light emitting diodes. The room-temperature electroluminescence emission was peaked at 353.6 nm with a narrow linewidth of 5.8 nm. In the simple planar devices, without any efforts to improve light extraction efficiency, an output power of 13 μW at 20 mA was measured, limited in the present design by absorption in the GaN cap layer and buffer layer. Pulsed electroluminescence data demonstrate that the output power does not saturate up to current densities approaching 9 kA/cm2.
Brain actuated control of a roll axis tracking simulator (2003)

A three-channel lock-in amplifier system (LAS-3) was used to obtain an artifact-free brain resonance signal at a specified frequency. Lead-lag compensation of the LAS-3 gain signal was investigated as a means to produce brain-actuated control. A roll axis tracking simulator (RATS) was used as a kinesthetically salient control/feedback environment. A methodology for using the derivative of selected brain resonances as a control signal in the kinesthetically salient environment of the RATS is discussed. Preliminary results indicate that participants feel the onset of control in the kinesthetically salient environment (RATS) at an earlier point than subjects who trained in a totally static mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Retinal Image Stability in Head Tremor and Nystagmus: Counterintuitive Observations (2007)

Simple optics and a mathematical proof explain the clinical observations. The image stability in the patient with head tremor and the image instability in an eye with nystagmus are the consequences of the optical system of the eye.
Finding a Needle in a Haystack:  Development of a Combinatorial Virtual Screening Approach for Identifying High Specificity Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Sequence(s) (2006)

We describe a combinatorial virtual screening approach for predicting high specificity heparin/heparan sulfate sequences using the well-studied antithrombin-heparin interaction as a test case. Heparan sulfate hexasaccharides were simulated in the 'average backbone' conformation, wherein the inter-glycosidic bond angles were held constant at the mean of the known solution values, irrespective of their sequence. Molecular docking utilized GOLD with restrained inter-glycosidic torsions and intra-ring conformations, but flexible substituents at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions and explicit incorporation of conformational variability of the iduronate residues. The approach reproduces the binding geometry of the sequence-specific heparin pentasaccharide to within 2.5 A. Screening of a combinatorial virtual library of 6,859 heparin hexasaccharides using a dual filter strategy, in which predicted antithrombin affinity was the first filter and self-consistency of docking was the second, resulted in only 10 sequences. Of these, nine were found to bind antithrombin in a manner identical to the natural pentasaccharide, while a novel hexasaccharide bound the inhibitor in a unique but dramatically different geometry and orientation. This work presents the first approach on combinatorial library screening for heparin/heparan sulfate GAGs to determine high specificity sequences and opens up huge opportunities to investigate numerous other physiologically relevant GAG-protein interactions.
Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells (BOEC) Contribute to Tumor Vascularization and Can Be Used for Delivery of Cancer Gene Therapy. (2004)

Abstract Continuous and adequate levels of angiogenesis inhibitors at the site of tumor vasculature may be necessary to obtain optimal antitumor effect. Following recent observations that circulating in blood endothelial cells enhance tumor vasculogenesis we have designed grown from peripheral blood endothelial cells to deliver anti-angiogenic antitumor therapy. BOEC, after several-fold expansion, expressed endothelial markers: VE-cadherin, CD31, von Willebrand factor, and P1H12 and responded to functional endothelial assays: uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein, and vascular tube formation. BOEC were also found in functional vessels in vivo, when NOD-SCID mice implanted subcutaneously with Lewis lung carcinoma or H226 lung cancer, were injected via tail vein with 5x105 BOEC. Staining for CD31 on tumor sections of BOEC injected mice demonstrated increased blood vessel density (BOEC 1982±1281, sham 328±229 (P<0.001)). In FsaII tumor model, systemic BOEC injection resulted in increased tumor volumes and higher tumor oxygenation when compared with sham injected animals. Injected via tail vein BOEC distributed initially throughout organs with high vascularization, but in 72 hours remained only in tumor, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Given the ability of BOEC to survive within tumor vasculature, we designed BOEC to deliver endostatin and soluble VEGFR-1 (sFlt1) genes to the tumor’s endothelium. A retroviral MSCV vector was constructed to contain green fluorescent protein (GFP) and human endostatin gene (hES) or sFlt1. The hES or sFlt1 containing BOEC were evaluated for vWF, CD31, and VE-cadherin, and found positive. Transduced with endostatin or sFlt1 gene BOEC had a slower growth rate in culture, produced detectable endostatin (1.84 ng/ml) or sFlt-1 (665 pg/ml), and were able to inhibit MVEC growth in co-culture condition. When endostatin transduced BOEC were injected to mice with tumor tumor vascularization was decreased (EBOEC 290±172 versus BOEC 1982±1281(p<0.001)). This resulted in tumor volume reduction in mice injected with EBOEC (0.364±0.227cm3 versus sham 0.802±0.431cm3 (p=0.102)). This early data suggest that BOEC have the potential for tumor-specific delivery of cancer gene therapy.
Modifying effects of benzyl isothiocyanate and benzyl thiocyanate on DNA synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes (1993)

The effects of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and benzyl thiocyanate (BTC) on two types of DNA synthesis were examined in hepatocyte primary cultures (HPC). Male F344 rats were fed BITC- or BTC-containing diets at a concentration of 400 p.p.m. Using hepatocytes isolated from these rats, DNA repair was measured by unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) for some genotoxic carcinogens, e.g. 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and compared with that in the hepatocytes from rats without BITC or BTC treatment. Replicative DNA synthesis (RDS) was also evaluated in the hepatocytes of rats with or without thiocyanate treatment. Both BITC and BTC reduced UDS elicited by these carcinogens. The level of RDS in the hepatocytes of rats exposed to BITC or BTC was markedly lower than in the cells of rats without BITC or BTC exposure. These results indicate that in vivo exposure to BITC and BTC suppressed carcinogen-induced genotoxicity and cell proliferative activity and suggest that this assay may prove useful in detecting chemopreventive agents for cancer and in investigating the properties of carcinogenesis modifiers.
Illustrated Guide to Surgical Practice (1985)

Despite increasing medical and public concern with regard to the problems of the effects of drugs on the unborn child, there is a paucity of information availa- ble for medical practitioners when prescribing for the pregnant patient.This concise and eminently readable book, therefore, fills an important gap in the availability oftexts dealing with this subject.The three authors who come from a background of relevant experience in obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics and clinical pharmacology, have put together a very helpful resume of this difficult area.The text is well planned being divided into sections which deal with the general principles ofdrug prescribing in pregnancy ranging from the possibility of altered pharmacodynamics and the major concerns of teratogenic effects to the general possibilities ofdisturbed pharmacokinetics in the pregnant patient.This latter section is par- ticularly useful as it deals with the altered physiological processes in pregnancy which influence drug absorption, metabolism, excretion and distribu- tion, including for example an important but easily overlooked problem area, namely, absorption from the epidural space during epidural anaesthesia for labour.The author's discussion of various models of drug kinetics during pregnancy as compared to the normal control, and the sprinkling of mathematical formulae, will not deter the uninitiated and will be of use to those familiar with general pharmacokinetic principles.The third section of the book dealing with specific drugs which may be used in obstetric practice is probably the most useful, as it brings together all of the available literature in this area in an easily readable and retrievable form.The section deals with drugs in various therapeutic categories and gives useful infor- mation on dosage and administration, and range of maternal and cord blood plasma concentrations.Finally the text is exceptionally well referenced with a bibliography containing in excess of 500 citations.My only minor criticism is the absence of a section dealing with drug administration during lactation; possibly this could be added at the time of revision for the next edition.This book will be a useful addition to the shelves of obstetricians, gynaecologists, anaesthet- ists and clinical pharmacologists, as well as to all medical practitioners who find themselves in a posi- tion of prescribing for the pregnant patient.
Detection and Quantification of Fatigue Cracks in Rail Steel Using Acoustic Emission Technique (2015)

Acoustic emission (AE) technique has a promising application for crack detection in rail tracks. However, it is still a challenging task to identify the size of fatigue cracks from AE signals. This paper proposes an index based on wavelet coefficients to accurately distinguish AE waves induced by crack propagation and crack closure, and a novel method of crack quantification based on crack closure induced AE waves. A higher count rate of crack closure induced AE waves indicates a larger crack size. The performance of the proposed method was validated by a three-point bending fatigue test on the rail steel specimen. In contrast with the traditional method, which is based on crack propagation induced AE waves and good at detecting crack growth rate, this method estimates the crack size without using the cumulative AE information, and is thus applicable to crack quantification of both new and existing structures. These two methods can be used to complement each other leading to a more efficient approach for crack detection, which has the potential for condition monitoring of rail tracks in the field. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/314
Progress in the molecular diagnosis of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and correlation between the number ofKpnI repeats at the 4q35 locus and clinical phenotype (1999)

Genotype analysis by using the p13E-11 probe and other 4q35 polymorphic markers was performed in 122 Italian facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy families and 230 normal controls. EcoRI-BlnI double digestion was routinely used to avoid the interference of small EcoRI fragments of 10qter origin that were found in 15% of the controls. An EcoRI fragment ranging between 10 and 28 kb that was resistant to BlnI digestion was detected in 114 of 122 families (93%) comprising 76 familial and 38 isolated cases. Among the unaffected individuals, 3 were somatic mosaics and 7, carrying an EcoRI fragment larger than 20 kb, could be rated as nonpenetrant gene carriers. In a cohort of 165 patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy we found an inverse correlation between fragment size and clinical severity. A severe lower limb involvement was observed in 100% of patients with an EcoRI fragment size of 10 to 13 kb (1-2 KpnI repeats left), in 53% of patients with a fragment size of 16 to 20 kb (3-4 KpnI repeats left), and in 19% of patients with a fragment size larger than 21 kb (>4 KpnI repeats left). Our results confirm that the size of the fragment is a major factor in determining the facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy phenotype and that it has an impact on clinical prognosis and genetic counseling of the disease.
Actively modelocked Pr <sup>3+</sup> -doped fluoridefibre laser (1994)

The authors describe an actively (FM) modelocked Pr3+-doped fluoride fibre laser operating at 1.3 µm. Pulse durations of ~30 ps have been generated at a repetition rate of 419 MHz with an average output power of 1 mW. The observed pulse characteristics are consistent with measurements of the fibre nonlinearity and dispersion.
Electric Discharges and the Prolonged Microbial Resistance of Water (2007)

One of alternative methods of water disinfection is its treatment by pulsed electric discharges (PEDs). In this case, during the discharges, bacteria are destroyed by UV radiation with a significant share of energy in waves of 200-400 nm and by shock waves, which are formed at the initial stage of the discharge-column widening. This paper describes the electrophysical properties of PED in water, presents the results of an investigation of the physical, chemical, bactericidal, and fungicidal properties of treated water, and explains the prolonged microbial resistance of water (PMRW) - the phenomenon when bacteria continue to be destroyed for a long time (several months) after treatment by PED. The results of investigations make it possible to conclude that the PMRW is caused by the cooperative bactericidal action on microorganisms of both oxide nanoparticles of electrodes metal and positive ions emitted by the nanoparticles.
Asymmetrical Visual Deprivation: A Technique to Differentially Influence Lateral Hemispheric Function (1993)

This article describes a contact-lens method to sustain asymmetry in visual deprivation and the use of this method to test the general hypothesis that asymmetry in input deprivation can shift activation balance in the integrated brain, differentially influencing lateral hemispheric function. Effects of asymmetrical visual deprivation were as predicted on lateral asymmetry of EEG theta, producing more theta over the deprived hemisphere. Cross-modal influence of such visual deprivation was found in the perception of pleasantness of odors. An interaction was found between side of visual deprivation and performance on verbal reasoning and spatial orientation tasks. A line-bisection test of visual attention was not sensitive to the effects. Fatigue as rated on the Profile of Mood States was greatest when the left hemisphere was deprived.
Terahertz pulse shaping via optical rectification in poled lithium niobate (2003)

We demonstrate a technique for terahertz pulse shaping via optical rectification in the pre-engineered domain structure of poled lithium niobate crystals. The terahertz wave forms coincide with the crystal domain structures. The one-dimensional nonlinear wave equation simulates the experimental results with a good qualitative agreement.
Structural Studies on Bioactive Compounds. 39. Biological Consequences of the Structural Modification of DHFR-Inhibitory 2,4-Diamino-6-(4-substituted benzylamino-3-nitrophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidines (‘benzoprims') (2004)

Benzimidazole-N-oxide modifications of potent lipophilic dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors (e.g., methylbenzoprim 1 and dichlorobenzoprim 2) have been prepared by base-promoted cyclization of the nitrophenylbenzylamino groups to explore the possibility that abrogation of DHFR-inhibitory activity might reveal clues to an alternative anti-ras mechanism. Examples of the new series had only low growth inhibitory activities (GI(50) generally >50 microM) against colon HCT116 and lung HT29 cell lines but, unlike methylbenzoprim, this activity was unaffected by hypoxanthine/thymidine rescue.
Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma (1973)

Twenty-nine bronchiolar carcinomas were classified according to their gross solitary or multifocal character, the degree of radiographic and macroscopic pulmonary invasion, and the presence or absence of pleural or regional lymph node metastases. Eight patients with a solitary, well circumscribed lung cancer without regional lymph node or pleural metastases survived 4 to 15 years postoperatively. When the lung tumor was multifocal or had metastasized regionally, the survival time did not exceed 3 years. a large tumor per se had no adverse prognostic significance in the group of solitary carcinomas. Mucous bronchorrhea dominated the clinical picture in 7 subjects with extensive lung involvement. the appearance of nodular and pneumonic densities characterized the radiographic course in patients who died of their lung disease.
Enhanced Exercise-Induced GH Secretion in Subjects with Pro7 Substitution in the Prepro-NPY (2001)

The leucine 7 to proline 7 (Leu7Pro) polymorphism in the signal peptide of NPY is associated with high blood lipid concentrations and accelerated rate of atherosclerosis as well as diabetic retinopathy. Also, healthy subjects with this polymorphism have increased NPY secretion during sympathetic stimulation. Because NPY may regulate GH release and ghrelin may regulate NPY formation, we studied the effects of the Leu7/Pro7 genotype on GH, ghrelin, and IGF-I secretion during standardized cycle-ergometer exercise. Furthermore, we studied the effect of the Leu7/Pro7 genotype on diurnal GH secretion in rest in a separate study. The subjects with Leu7/Pro7 genotype had 54% higher maximal increases in the plasma GH concentrations than the controls during exercise. There were no significant differences in the ghrelin or IGF-I concentrations during exercise among the groups. Furthermore, there were no differences in diurnal GH secretion between the genotypes. The results indicate that the prepro-NPY genotype has an influence on GH response during exercise in humans. The clinical significance of this finding is not known, and further studies are needed to evaluate whether the observed change in GH secretion during exercise could play a role in promoting diseases.
Extracting knowledge from case databases (2002)

The FGP machine is a software architecture that uses similarity-based reminding to make the domain knowledge contained in the data explicit, and then brings that knowledge to bear on information retrieval and machine learning tasks. The FGP machine's goal is to use the cases themselves to drive the system. The system should reason on the basis of specific cases and groups of cases, and should therefore be able to cite specific precedents (including precedents that are themselves incompletely understood), to modify its behavior on the basis of every new information-providing transaction, and to subsume the functions of a conventional information-retrieval system. The author explains the model, and then presents test results for a prototype implementation on a diagnosis task.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biological therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: top-down or bottom-up? (2007)

The significance of top-down treatment remains to be confirmed in prospective clinical studies aimed at high-risk patients. The standard use of this approach cannot be advocated presently.
Effect of preliminary plastic deformation on the anodic behavior of molybdenum-rhenium alloys (1988)

Two molybdenum-rhenium alloys obtained by the method of vacuum melting and containing 20% and 40% rhenium were investigated for their anodic behavior following heating and bulk forging to develop different degrees of deformation. Their stationary potentials were determined in solutions of a number of sodium salts and polarization measurements were made using a rotating disk electrode. The rate of removal for different working-stress values was determined on an apparatus simulating the electrochemical sizing process. Surface microstructure was observed by metallographic microscopy. The increase in the rate of anodic dissolution of the alloys was determined to be correct for degrees of deformation to 10%.
Pulse oximetry: Gold standard or false sense of security? (1994)

The pulse oximeter is reasonably accurate under most conditions. However, its reliability diminishes as the clinical situation deviates from the norm, possibly when accuracy is most needed.