gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular Pathology of the Nerve Microenvironment in Galactose Intoxication (1991)

The effect of chronic hyperglycemia and polyol pathway activation on the Schwann cell has not been resolved although injury to this cell has long been suspected in diabetic neuropathy. Hyperglycemia, resulting from galactose intoxication of four months duration, induces dose-dependent accumulations of endoneurial fluid sodium and chloride that are linked to polyol pathway activity and associated with dose-dependent increases in sciatic nerve water content, endoneurial fluid pressure and (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity. In order to understand the impact of these changes on the nerve microenvironment, cellular elements of the endoneurium were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed in rats receiving 0%, 10%, 20% or 40% galactose diets. After four months of galactose intoxication, dose-dependent changes in the size distribution of myelinated nerve fibers were apparent. A shift in size-frequency histograms of galactose-intoxicated animals towards smaller fibers was accompanied by a decrease in axon diameter and the volume fraction ratio of axon to myelinated nerve fibers. In the sciatic nerve of all 40% galactose-fed rats examined by electron microscopy, Schwann cells of myelinated fibers showed both reactive and degenerative changes. Demyelination was preceded by splitting at the intraperiod line. Remyelination was identified by axons with disproportionately thin myelin sheaths. Axonal dystrophy and degeneration were infrequently seen, but there was axonal regeneration. Dose-dependent increases in mast cell number were observed with degranulation apparent in rats receiving 20% and 40% galactose. Endothelial cell number and basal lamina thickness were increased in the endoneurial vessels of galactose-intoxicated rats. Increased cytoplasmic area and degenerative changes in pericytes were also noted. These observations indicate that significant morphologic changes accompany the hyperosmotic imbalance resulting from galactose intoxication of four months duration. Schwann cell injury and demyelination are present in a disorder linked to polyol metabolism since aldose reductase, the anabolic enzyme of the polyol pathway, is localized to this myelin-forming cell.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Liver Disease (2019)

Neutrophil extracellular traps, or NETs, are heterogenous, filamentous structures which consist of extracellular DNA, granular proteins, and histones. NETs are extruded by a neutrophil in response to various stimuli. Although NETs were initially implicated in immune defense, subsequent studies have implicated NETs in a spectrum of disease processes, including autoimmune disease, thrombosis, and cancer. NETs also contribute to the pathogenesis of several common liver diseases, including alcohol-associated liver disease and portal hypertension. Although there is much interest in the therapeutic potential of NET inhibition, future clinical applications must be balanced against potential increased risk of infection.
[Study on the treatment of Plasmodium cynomolgi infections of the macaque with ketotifen]. (1987)

Ketotifen 0.7～20 mg/kg×3 days were given orally to P. cynomolgi infected Maecaca mulatta. The asexual parasites and gametocytes in blood were eliminated within 93～102.5 hours and 102.5～120 hours after administration, respectively. When chloroquine 12 mg/kg×3 days was given, however, parasites disappeared in 66 hours. No effect on the tissuestage of this parasite was observed. If ketotifen 0.1mg/kg×3 days was given in combination with sulfadoxin (SDM') 5 mg/kg×3 days, the asexual parasites and gametoeytes disappeared in 79.5 and 153 hours respectively after administration, indicating a synergistic action between these two drugs. No side-effect was observed during the treatments.In 30 days following observation one of the two monkeys treated with 5 mg/kg ×3 days and two monkeys treated with 1 mg/kg×3 days ketotifen recrudescences of blood parasites emerged.The results showed that ketotifen is a new chemical structure type and effective anti-simian-malaria drug, and the observation of its antimalarial effect against human malaria is undertaking.
The Cellular and Molecular Carcinogenic Effects of Radon Exposure: A Review (2013)

Radon-222 is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is responsible for approximately half of the human annual background radiation exposure globally. Chronic exposure to radon and its decay products is estimated to be the second leading cause of lung cancer behind smoking, and links to other forms of neoplasms have been postulated. Ionizing radiation emitted during the radioactive decay of radon and its progeny can induce a variety of cytogenetic effects that can be biologically damaging and result in an increased risk of carcinogenesis. Suggested effects produced as a result of alpha particle exposure from radon include mutations, chromosome aberrations, generation of reactive oxygen species, modification of the cell cycle, up or down regulation of cytokines and the increased production of proteins associated with cell-cycle regulation and carcinogenesis. A number of potential biomarkers of exposure, including translocations at codon 249 of TP53 in addition to HPRT mutations, have been suggested although, in conclusion, the evidence for such hotspots is insufficient. There is also substantial evidence of bystander effects, which may provide complications when calculating risk estimates as a result of exposure, particularly at low doses where cellular responses often appear to deviate from the linear, no-threshold hypothesis. At low doses, effects may also be dependent on cellular conditions as opposed to dose. The cellular and molecular carcinogenic effects of radon exposure have been observed to be both numerous and complex and the elevated chronic exposure of man may therefore pose a significant public health risk that may extend beyond the association with lung carcinogenesis.
Analysis and Improvement of Speech/Music Classification for 3GPP2 SMV Based on GMM (2008)

In this letter, a novel approach is proposed to improve the performance of speech/music classification for the selectable mode vocoder (SMV) of 3GPP2 using the Gaussian mixture model (GMM). An in-depth analysis of the features and classification method adopted in the conventional SMV is performed. Feature vectors applied to the GMM are then selected from the relevant parameters of the SMV for efficient speech/music classification. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated under various conditions and yields better results compared with the conventional scheme implemented in the SMV.
360proto (2019)

We explore 360 paper prototyping to rapidly create AR/VR prototypes from paper and bring them to life on AR/VR devices. Our approach is based on a set of emerging paper prototyping templates specifically for AR/VR. These templates resemble the key components of many AR/VR interfaces, including 2D representations of immersive environments, AR marker overlays and face masks, VR controller models and menus, and 2D screens and HUDs. To make prototyping with these templates effective, we developed 360proto, a suite of three novel physical--digital prototyping tools: (1) the 360proto Camera for capturing paper mockups of all components simply by taking a photo with a smartphone and seeing 360-degree panoramic previews on the phone or stereoscopic previews in Google Cardboard; (2) the 360proto Studio for organizing and editing captures, for composing AR/VR interfaces by layering the captures, and for making them interactive with Wizard of Oz via live video streaming; (3) the 360proto App for running and testing the interactive prototypes on AR/VR capable mobile devices and headsets. Through five student design jams with a total of 86 participants and our own design space explorations, we demonstrate that our approach with 360proto is useful to create relatively complex AR/VR applications.
Synthesis, structure proof and spectral properties of the six pyridylthiophenes (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, structure proof and spectral properties of the six pyridylthiophenesHans Wynberg, T. J. Van Bergen, and Richard M. KelloggCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 10, 3175–3178Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01262a078https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01262a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effect of the fragmentation problem in decision tree learning applied to the search for single top quark production (2010)

Decision tree learning constitutes a suitable approach to classification due to its ability to partition the variable space into regions of class-uniform events, while providing a structure amenable to interpretation, in contrast to other methods such as neural networks. But an inherent limitation of decision tree learning is the progressive lessening of the statistical support of the final classifier as clusters of single-class events are split on every partition, a problem known as the fragmentation problem. We describe a software system called DTFE, for Decision Tree Fragmentation Evaluator, that measures the degree of fragmentation caused by a decision tree learner on every event cluster. Clusters are found through a decomposition of the data using a technique known as Spectral Clustering. Each cluster is analyzed in terms of the number and type of partitions induced by the decision tree. Our domain of application lies on the search for single top quark production, a challenging problem due to large and similar backgrounds, low energetic signals, and low number of jets. The output of the machine-learning software tool consists of a series of statistics describing the degree of data fragmentation.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with total lymphoid irradiation: Long-term survival (2001)

TLI had no significant effect on overall survival, with trends toward higher early mortality in controls and trends toward higher late mortality in TLI-treated patients. Overall, there was no difference in mortality, but it appears that there may have been more lymphoproliferative malignancies in the TLI cohort. We would recommend that TLI be used cautiously for patients with refractory RA in whom the benefits outweigh the risks.
An engineered macroencapsulation membrane releasing FTY720 to precondition pancreatic islet transplantation (2017)

Macroencapsulation is a powerful approach to increase the efficiency of extrahepatic pancreatic islet transplant. FTY720, a small molecule that activates signaling through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, is immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic upon sustained delivery from biomaterials. While FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya) has been explored for organ transplantation, in the present work the effect of locally released FTY720 from novel nanofiber-based macroencapsulation membranes is explored for islet transplantation. We screened islet viability during culture with FTY720 and various biodegradable polymers. Islet viability is significantly reduced by the addition of high doses (≥500 ng/mL) of soluble FTY720. Among the polymers screened, islets have the highest viability when cultured with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Therefore, PHBV was blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) for mechanical stability and electrospun into nanofibers. Islets had no detectable function ex vivo following 5 days or 12 h of subcutaneous implantation within our engineered device. Subsequently, we explored a preconditioning scheme in which islets are transplanted 2 weeks after FTY720-loaded nanofibers are implanted. This allows FTY720 to orchestrate a local regenerative milieu while preventing premature transplantation into avascular sites that contain high concentrations of FTY720. These results provide a foundation and motivation for further investigation into the use of FTY720 in preconditioning sites for efficacious islet transplantation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 555-568, 2018.
An asymptotic expansion of the least squares estimator of a nonlinear regression vector parameter. (1982)

An asymptotic expansion of the least squares estimator of a nonlinear regression vector parameter.
A tree-to-tree model for statistical machine translation (2008)

In this thesis, we take a statistical tree-to-tree approach to solving the problem of machine translation (MT). In a statistical tree-to-tree approach, first the source-language input is parsed into a syntactic tree structure; then the source-language tree is mapped to a target-language tree. This kind of approach has several advantages. For one, parsing the input generates valuable information about its meaning. In addition, the mapping from a source-language tree to a target-language tree offers a mechanism for preserving the meaning of the input. Finally, producing a target-language tree helps to ensure the grammaticality of the output. 
A main focus of this thesis is to develop a statistical tree-to-tree mapping algorithm. Our solution involves a novel representation called an aligned extended projection, or AEP. The AEP, inspired by ideas in linguistic theory related to tree-adjoining grammars, is a parse-tree like structure that models clause-level phenomena such as verbal argument structure and lexical word-order. The AEP also contains alignment information that links the source-language input to the target-language output. Instead of learning a mapping from a source-language tree to a target-language tree, the AEP-based approach learns a mapping from a source-language tree to a target-language AEP. 
The AEP is a complex structure, and learning a mapping from parse trees to AEPs presents a challenging machine learning problem. In this thesis, we use a linear structured prediction model to solve this learning problem. A human evaluation of the AEP-based translation approach in a German-to-English task shows significant improvements in the grammaticality of translations. This thesis also presents a statistical parser for Spanish that could be used as part of a Spanish/English translation system. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Antibodies against citrullinated vimentin in rheumatoid arthritis: Higher sensitivity and extended prognostic value concerning future radiographic progression as compared with antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides (2007)

These findings show that when patients with early RA are compared with healthy controls, analysis of anti-MCV yields greater sensitivity and unchanged specificity as compared with analysis of anti-CCP. Anti-MCV also appears to perform better than anti-CCP in identifying poor radiographic prognosis in patients with early RA.
Effects of Lactated Ringer’s Solutions on Human Leukocytes (2002)

Lactated Ringer's solution in commonly used formulation (racemic mixture, DL-LR) influences neutrophil function and leukocyte gene expression.
Bioencapsulation in Biotechnology (1993)

Bioencapsulation was first reported about 30 years ago (Chang 1964). This includes bioencapsulation of cells, enzymes, drugs, magnetic materials, isotopes, absorbents, hemoglobin and other materials (1–5) (Fig. 1). In the last 10 years, explosive interests in biotechnology has led to increasing research on bioencapsulation by many groups. Rapid progress is therefore being made around the world on the use of bioencapsulation in biotechnology (6–8). Studies by other groups are described in details in this symposium volume. This paper is therefore mainly a discussion of some of our own studies on bioencapsulation in biotechnology.
REAL-TIME LABEL INSERTION IN LIVE VIDEO THROUGH ONLINE TRIFOCAL TENSOR ESTIMATION (2006)

We present an augmented reality application that can supplement a live video sequence with virtual labels associated with the scene content captured by an agile video camera moving inside an explored environment. The method proposed is composed of two main phases. First, a matching phase where reference images are successively compared with the captured images. And, second, a tracking phase that aims at maintaining the correspondence between a successfully matched reference image and each frame of a captured sequence. Labels insertion is based on projective transfer using the trifocal tensor, this one being estimated and continuously updated as the camera is moved inside the scene.
Formation and genotoxicity of a guanine–cytosine intrastrand cross-link lesion in vivo (2007)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be induced by both endogenous and exogenous processes, and they can damage biological molecules including nucleic acids. Exposure of isolated DNA to X/gamma-rays and Fenton reagents was shown to lead to the formation of intrastrand cross-link lesions where the neighboring nucleobases in the same DNA strand are covalently bonded. By employing HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with the isotope dilution method, we assessed quantitatively the formation of a guanine-cytosine (G[8-5]C) intrastrand cross-link lesion in HeLa-S3 cells upon exposure to gamma-rays. The yield of the G[8-5]C cross-link was 0.037 lesions per 10(9) nucleosides per Gy, which was approximately 300 times lower than that of 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine (0.011 lesions per 10(6) nucleosides per Gy) under identical exposure conditions. We further constructed a single-stranded M13 genome harboring a site-specifically incorporated G[8-5]C lesion and developed a novel mass spectrometry-based method for interrogating the products emanating from the replication of the genome in Escherichia coli cells. The results demonstrated that G[8-5]C blocked considerably DNA replication as represented by a 20% bypass efficiency, and the lesion was significantly mutagenic in vivo, which included a 8.7% G-->T and a 1.2% G-->C transversion mutations. DNA replication in E. coli hosts deficient in SOS-induced polymerases revealed that polymerase V was responsible for the error-prone translesion synthesis in vivo.
GWAS and enrichment analyses of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease identify new trait-associated genes and pathways across eMERGE Network (2019)

In summary, this study demonstrates clear confirmation of a previously described NAFLD risk locus and several novel associations. Further collaborative studies including an ethnically diverse population with well-characterized liver histologic features of NAFLD are needed to further validate the novel findings.
Attentional Correlation Filter Network for Adaptive Visual Tracking (2017)

We propose a new tracking framework with an attentional mechanism that chooses a subset of the associated correlation filters for increased robustness and computational efficiency. The subset of filters is adaptively selected by a deep attentional network according to the dynamic properties of the tracking target. Our contributions are manifold, and are summarised as follows: (i) Introducing the Attentional Correlation Filter Network which allows adaptive tracking of dynamic targets. (ii) Utilising an attentional network which shifts the attention to the best candidate modules, as well as predicting the estimated accuracy of currently inactive modules. (iii) Enlarging the variety of correlation filters which cover target drift, blurriness, occlusion, scale changes, and flexible aspect ratio. (iv) Validating the robustness and efficiency of the attentional mechanism for visual tracking through a number of experiments. Our method achieves similar performance to non real-time trackers, and state-of-the-art performance amongst real-time trackers.
Proliferation and transepithelial migration of mucosal mast cells in interstitial cystitis. (1986)

The distribution and abundance of mast cells, as well as their fixation, staining and ultrastructural properties, were studied in the urinary bladders of 16 patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) and in 14 normal subjects. Tissues were fixed in both standard formaldehyde solution and a special fixative, IFAA, optimized for the preservation of mucosal mast cells. An expansion of two distinct mast cell populations was observed in IC. One of these, comprising formaldehyde-sensitive cells, was found only in the mucosa underlying lesions of IC. They were most numerous in the lamina propria but were also frequent in the epithelial layer as well as in the bladder washings, indicating a migratory capacity for these cells. The other mast cell population was visualized equally well irrespective of fixation and staining procedure. In control subjects, such cells were found both in the lamina propria and detrusor muscle, but not in the epithelium nor in bladder washings. In lesions of IC they were increased in the detrusor muscle only. Both types of mast cell contained granules with the highly characteristic lamellar arrays and scrolls, distinguishing human mast cell granules from those of blood basophils. The proliferation and intraepithelial distribution of mucosal mast cells are unusual findings, but prominent features of helminth responses and human mucosal allergic reactions. These findings thus suggest that the mucosal mast cell-IgE system may be involved in the pathogenesis and/or aetiology of IC.
Towards Data Fusion in a Multi-ontology Environment (2009)

With the growing amount of semantic data being published on the Web the problem of finding individuals in different datasets which correspond to the same entity is gaining importance. Given that datasets are often structured using different ontologies, automatic schema-matching techniques have to be utilized before proceeding with data-level alignment. In this paper we discuss how ontology schema mismatches influence data-level alignment based on our first experience with implementing a data fusion tool for a multiontology environment.