gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Density-Dependent Growth Control of Adult Rat Hepatocytes in Primary Culture1 (1983)

Adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture, which show various liver functions, did not show any mitosis at confluent cell density, although they entered the S phase and remained in the G2 phase, judging by cytofluorometry, when insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were added to 2-day cultures (Tomita, Y., Nakamura, T., & Ichihara, A. (1981) Exp. Cell Res. 135, 363-371). However, when the cell density was decreased by half or one third, the number of nuclei and cell number increased to 1.5-2.0 times that after culture for 35 h with insulin and EGF. Moreover, at these lower densities, DNA synthesis started much earlier, although at the usual high density DNA synthesis with these two hormones did not start until the hepatocytes had been cultured for over 40 h. These results suggest that proliferation of mature rat hepatocytes is regulated by the cell density. First, cells in G0 enter the G1 phase density-dependently; then cells in the G1 phase seem to be stimulated to enter the S phase by insulin and EGF, and a low cell density may permit cells after DNA synthesis to enter the M phase. DNA synthesis of rat hepatocyte cultures at low cell density was strongly inhibited by co-culture with a dense culture. Therefore, the density-dependent mechanism of hepatocyte proliferation seems to involve regulation by a soluble inhibitor(s) secreted by the hepatocytes into the culture medium.
Targeting oxidant-dependent mechanisms for the treatment of COPD and its comorbidities (2015)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable global health burden and is characterised by progressive airflow limitation and loss of lung function. In addition to the pulmonary impact of the disease, COPD patients often develop comorbid diseases such as cardiovascular disease, skeletal muscle wasting, lung cancer and osteoporosis. One key feature of COPD, yet often underappreciated, is the contribution of oxidative stress in the onset and development of the disease. Patients experience an increased burden of oxidative stress due to the combined effects of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) generation, antioxidant depletion and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatments for COPD, and an even greater lack of research regarding interventions that treat both COPD and its comorbidities. Due to the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of COPD and many of its comorbidities, a unique therapeutic opportunity arises where the treatment of a multitude of diseases may be possible with only one therapeutic target. In this review, oxidative stress and the roles of ROS/RNS in the context of COPD and comorbid cardiovascular disease, skeletal muscle wasting, lung cancer, and osteoporosis are discussed and the potential for therapeutic benefit of anti-oxidative treatment in these conditions is outlined. Because of the unique interplay between oxidative stress and these diseases, oxidative stress represents a novel target for the treatment of COPD and its comorbidities.
Hardware/software co-simulation in a VHDL-based test bench approach (1997)

Novel test bench techniques are required to cope with afunctional test complexity which is predicted to grow muchmore strongly than design complexity. Our test benchapproach attacks this complexity by using a stronghierarchical architecture, application domain-independentsynchronization, reusable modules, and easy incrementalextendability based on table-driven techniques. In addition,the integration of VHDL/C co-simulation under the controlof the test bench makes it possible to use the hardware modelfor software testing and vice versa and thus enables extremereductions in test bench coding. The efficiency of our testbench has already been demonstrated in several industrialprojects, among them a four-ASIC ATM board with oneembedded core and one external micro controller.
A Kinetic Analysis of the Oligonucleotide-modulated ATPase Activity of the Helicase Domain of the NS3 Protein from Hepatitis C Virus (1998)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) helicase (E) formed spectrofluorometrically detectable complexes with a 16-mer and HF16 (a 16-mer with 5'-hexachlorofluoresceinyl moiety). The interaction of helicase with these effectors was investigated by kinetic techniques to determine if the complexes were kinetically competent for ATP hydrolysis. kcat values with the 16-mer and HF16 were 2.7 and 36 s-1, respectively. The maximal value of the rate constant for the approach of an intermediate to the steady-state level has to be at least 4-fold greater than kcat for it to be kinetically competent. This value was 1.2 s-1 with HF16 and "E.ATP" and was 1.82 s-1 with ATP and E.HF16. These values were too small for formation of these intermediates to be kinetically competent in ATP hydrolysis. Dissociation of "E.HF16. ATP" (0.34 s-1) was also too slow to contribute significantly to catalysis. Furthermore, the Km of E.HF16 for ATP (3 mircoM) was significantly less than the Km for ATP hydrolysis at a saturating concentration of HF16 (320 microM). HCV helicase has two nucleotide-binding sites per monomer. If the fluorescence changes observed were associated with structure changes preceding steady-state catalysis (isomerization), pre-steady-state data could be reconciled with the turnover data. Data for the 16-mer yielded similar conclusions.
Metal-ion recognition by macrocyclic ligands. Synthetic, thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural aspects of the interaction of copper(II) with 14- to 17-membered cyclic ligands containing an O2N2-donor set (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal-ion recognition by macrocyclic ligands. Synthetic, thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural aspects of the interaction of copper(II) with 14- to 17-membered cyclic ligands containing an O2N2-donor setKenneth R. Adam, Giorgio Anderegg, Leonard F. Lindoy, Hyacinth C. Lip, Mary McPartlin, John H. Rea, Roland J. Smith, and Peter A. TaskerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 10, 2956–2964Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50212a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50212a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Non-foster circuits for small broadband antennas (2009)

As is well known antenna size implies limitations in bandwidth and gain characteristics. However, if non-Foster/negative circuits are employed such restrictions can be partially overcome. That is negative matching circuits can provide a way to construct very small efficient antennas. Non-Foster circuits have been considered since 1950's when negative impedance converters (NIC) were proposed. NIC's can be realized via a combination of active devices (transistors) as well as lumped capacitors and inductors. Still, inherent losses, noise issues and bandwidth limitations from available active elements have precluded their use except for narrow bandwidth applications. But, recent advancements in integrated circuits have renewed interest in non-Foster/negative matching.
Exploiting Electrocorticographic Spectral Characteristics for Optimized Signal Chain Design: A 1.08 W Analog Front End With Reduced ADC Resolution Requirements<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX"/> </formula> (2016)

Electrocorticography (ECoG) is an important area of research for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) development. ECoG, along with some other biopotentials, has spectral characteristics that can be exploited for more optimal front-end performance than is achievable with conventional techniques. This paper optimizes noise performance of such a system and discusses an equalization technique that reduces the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) dynamic range requirements and eliminates the need for a variable gain amplifier (VGA). We demonstrate a fabricated prototype in 1p9m 65 nm CMOS that takes advantage of the presented findings to achieve high-fidelity, full-spectrum ECoG recording. It requires 1.08 μW over a 150 Hz bandwidth for the entire analog front end and only 7 bits of ADC resolution.
Dissociation of corpus luteum, endometrium and blastocystn in human implantation research (1991)

We describe a well-established approach for studying the parameters and mechanisms of synchronization or desynchronization between the maternal and embryonic systems before implantation. It is useful for inducing 'delayed secretion' of the endometrium by different endocrine interventions, which dissociate the endometrial transformation from its control by the corpus luteum. The technique has been achieved by means of direct progesterone antagonists which competitively bind to the progesterone receptor and, in turn, inhibit the physiological effects of progesterone. During the luteal phase, secretory protein patterns indicate the receptive stage of the endometrium. Evidence is presented to show that these patterns, analysed by electrophoresis and densitometry, define the time at which an embryo transfer is promising for implantation and establishment of pregnancy.
Calculation of turbulent boundary layers and wall jets over curved surfaces. (1973)

A calculation method for turbulent boundary layers and wall jets has been developed in which the effects of large longitudinal surface curvature and the associated normal pressure gradients are included for the first time. This is achieved by using finite difference techniques to represent the equations of mean motion in a system of curvilinear orthogonal coordinates. The Reynolds stress terms in the equations of motion are approximated using an eddy viscosity approach based on the concept of intermittency . Application of the method to wall jet boundary layers is achieved through extension of the basic eddy viscosity model. Comparisons between theory and experiment for boundary layers and wall jets developing over flat or curved surfaces for a wide variety of pressure distributions show encouraging agreement.
Reduce Afterpulsing of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes Using Passive Quenching With Active Reset (2008)

In this paper, we report a passive-quenching-with-active-reset circuit designed to reduce afterpulsing for single photon avalanche diodes. This circuit uses a large resistor to passively quench the avalanche current and a transistor to actively reset the device to the operating voltage after a specified hold-off time. Afterpulsing can be reduced by minimizing the stray capacitance of the package to reduce the total charge flow during avalanche. Proof of principle is demonstrated with discrete components. It is expected that by integrating the transistor with the avalanche photodiode the stray capacitance can be minimized to significantly reduce afterpulsing.
C-X-C Motif Ligand 1 (CXCL1) from melanoma cells down-regulates the invasion of their metastatic melanoma cells (2018)

The surgical resection of a primary melanoma is sometimes followed by the immediate development of distant metastases, suggesting that the primary melanoma might control the metastatic process. We hypothesized that a paracrine factor(s) from primary melanoma cells might regulate the progression of metastasizing melanoma cells. Here we attempted to identify the factor(s) from primary melanoma cells that regulate the invasion ability of metastatic melanoma cells. We used two mouse melanoma cell lines, B16 and B16/BL6, that latter of which is a subline of B16 melanoma and shows high metastatic potential to lung. We investigated the interaction between the parent B16 cells and daughter B16/BL6 cells by invasion assay, cell morphology, cytokine array, RT-PCR, and gelatin-zymography. The conditioned medium (CM) from B16 significantly (p=0.02) inhibited the invasion ability of B16/BL6 cells. The morphology of the B16/BL6 cells was changed from bipolar shape to a multipolar shape following the addition of the CM from B16. The B16 cells produced high levels of C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL10, and M-CSF compared to the B16/BL6 cells. CXCL1 significantly (p=0.01) decreased the invasion ability of B16/BL6 cells, but CXCL10 and M-CSF did not. The invasion-inhibitory activity of the CM from B16 was significantly (p=0.046) suppressed following the addition of a neutralizing anti-CXCL1 antibody. The CM of B16 and CXCL1 increased the <i>E-cadherin</i> mRNA level and decreased MMP2 activity of B16/BL6 cells. These findings suggested that primary melanoma cells might down-regulate the invasion activity of metastatic melanoma cells through CXCL1 signaling.
Use of charged membranes to control interference by body chemicals in a glucose biosensor (1994)

The prerequisite for the continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose concentration is the development of an implantable glucose sensor with long-term stability. A new enzyme electrode concept featuring fluid-state glucose oxidase modified carbon powder along with a cross-linked glucose oxidase enzyme layer has been developed. The glucose sensor incorporating this enzyme electrode has been tested in vitro at 37 degrees C. It has a lifetime of three months after which it can be recharged with fresh enzyme. The next step in the characterization of this sensor is its in vitro behaviour in the presence of interfering substances commonly encountered in human blood. Here we report such a study of the sensor. The glucose diffusion membranes used were polycarbonate membranes. We used standard polycarbonate membranes (membranes treated with polyvinylpyrrolidone or PVP), PVP-free polycarbonate membranes, and standard polycarbonate membranes coated with positively and negatively charged hydrogel layers. The sensors showed a response to glucose concentrations < 300 mg dL-1, both in pure phosphate buffer and in the presence of interferences. The influence of ascorbic acid, bilirubin, creatinine, L-cystine, glycine, uric acid and urea on the amperometric signal of the sensor was investigated. The polycarbonate membrane coated with the negatively charged hydrogel layer provided good protection for the enzyme electrode, especially in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid.
Specific interaction of the new fluorescent dye 10‐<i>N</i>‐nonyl acridine orange with inner mitochondrial membrane (1990)

The fluorescent dye 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO), known as specifically associated with mitochondria, has been reported to have a cytotoxic effect when high doses were applied to cells. Presently, the biochemical basis of its toxicity was investigated on isolated rat liver mitochondria. At low concentrations, NAO strongly inhibited state 3 respiration and ATP synthesis. At high concentrations, electron transport, ATP hydrolysis, Pi-transport and adenine nucleotide activities were also decreased. All these inhibitions can be explained by probe-cardiolipin interactions which could induce the collapse of energy conversion and/or the modification of membrane fluidity.
Switch arrays for photonic switching: status review and prospects (2002)

The status and prospects of LiNbO/sub 3/ switch arrays are reviewed in view of system requirements. An experimental switching system is described. In this system, the subscriber access has a gross bit rate of 620 Mb/s divided into four 155 Mb/s interface blocks (IBs). In the access switch, the individual IBs can be switched (in optical form) to the digital cross connect (DCC) for private leased lines, to the distributive services switch, to the synchronous transfer mode (STM) services switch, or to the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) services switch. Each IB is bidirectional (not used in distributive services). The potential applications of semiconductor switch arrays are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE USE OF PROGESTAGENS AND PHOTOPERIODISM IN IMPROVING THE REPRODUCTIVE RATE OF THE EWE (1975)

A brief description of an intensive unit in which Finnish Landrace x Dorset Horn ewes are bred to Suffolk rams every 205 days, to produce lambs which are abruptly weaned at four weeks of age on to cereal-based diets, is given. The unit combines photoperiodism and hormone treat- ment for the induction and synchronisation of oestrus respectively. The photoperiod treatment consists of an abrupt increase in daylength to i8 hours at 6 0 days of gestation followed by a daily reduction of 3 r/z mn from 90 days of gestation. Hormone treatment is in the form of intravaginal pessaries impregnated with 30 mg 9 a-fluoro-i i-hydroxy-i 7 a-acetoxy progesterone (SC-9 88o, G. D. Searle) and 400 mg progesterone. The overall mean conception rate for five consecutive reproductive cycles was 8 7 .8 p. I oo and the mean litter size 2 . 1 resulting in an average annual production of 3 . 5 lambs per ewe. Despite the continuous careful control of the artifical daylength regime an innate natural seasonal effect on the onset of behavioural oestrus after pessary with- drawal was noted and is discussed.
A systematic development of ‘solid-shell’ element formulations for linear and non-linear analyses employing only displacement degrees of freedom (1998)

In the present contribution we propose a so-called solid-shell concept which incorporates only displacement degrees of freedom. Thus, some major disadvantages of the usually used degenerated shell concept are overcome. These disadvantages are related to boundary conditions—the handling of soft and hard support, the need for special co-ordinate systems at boundaries, the connection with continuum elements—and, in geometrically non-linear analyses, to a complicated update of the rotation vector. First, the kinematics of the so-called solid-shell concept in analogy to the degenerated shell concept are introduced. Then several modifications of the solid-shell concept are proposed to obtain locking-free solid-shell elements, leading also to formulations which allow the use of general three-dimensional material laws and which are also able to represent the normal stresses and strains in thickness direction. Numerical analyses of geometrically linear and non-linear problems are finally performed using solely assumed natural shear strain elements with a linear approximation in in-plane direction. Although some considerations are needed to get comparable boundary conditions in the examples analysed, the solid-shell elements prove to work as good as the degenerated shell elements. The numerical examples show that neither thickness nor shear locking are present even for distorted element shapes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of exponentially modified Gaussian peaks in chromatography (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of exponentially modified Gaussian peaks in chromatographyEli. GrushkaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 11, 1733–1738Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60319a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60319a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2779Altmetric-Citations277LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An economical contour extraction algorithm for understanding large-size engineering drawings (2002)

An algorithm is described which produces the extraction of an object's contours in a binary image while storing only two raster lines at a time during processing. The major data structure used is a block adjacency graph which occupies much less space (typically one hundredth) than the original image. Because this algorithm has very low costs of memory space and processing time, it is a powerful tool for processing large-size engineering drawings. Applications of the method to the recognition of some loop-structure logical symbols are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intravitreal liposome-encapsulated gentamicin in a rabbit model. Prolonged therapeutic levels. (1986)

The authors investigated the effect of liposome encapsulation on the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin after intravitreal injection in albino rabbits, using immunofluorescent assay. Gentamicin was encapsulated into liposomes of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, and alpha-tocopherol. The final liposomal suspension contained gentamicin, 10 mg/ml, 95% encapsulated. One eye of each rabbit received an intravitreal injection (100 mg gentamicin per 0.1 ml) of either liposome-encapsulated gentamicin (LEG) or gentamicin in phosphate-buffered saline (Gs). Equilibrium dialysis separated free from encapsulated drug in vitreous samples. The peak free drug concentration was significantly less (P less than .01, unpaired t-test) with LEG than with Gs. Concentrations of free and total gentamicin were significantly greater (P less than .05) with LEG than with Gs at 24, 72, 120, and 192 hr. LEG gave a twofold increase in area under the drug concentration time curve for total drug, and a 1.5-fold increase for free drug when compared to Gs.