gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoprotection in leaves of grapevines: Responses of the xanthophyll cycle to alterations of light intensity (2015)

Under conditions of light intensities exceeding the photosynthetic use carotenoids of the xanthophyll cycle have been shown to be involved in the dissipation of excess energy. When, after a period of darkness, low light-adapted leaves (400 mu mol m-2 s-1) of cv. Orion vines were suddenly exposed to high light (800 mu mol m-2 s-1) the zeaxanthin (Z) content of the leaves increased significantly within 3 min at the expense of violaxanthin (V); a steady state was reached after ca. 20 min. On the contrary, when high light-adapted leaves were abruptly exposed to darkness the Z content decreased and the V content increased to a steady state within 2.5 h. In both trials, the intermediate substance of the xanthophyll cycle, antheraxanthin (A), remained almost constant at a relative low level. In field experiments with cv. Gf.Ga-47-42 an increase of sunlight in the morning was accompanied by increases of A+Z and decreases of V while a decline of sunlight in the afternoon was associated with decreases of A+Z and an increase of V. In laboratory and field experiment the xanthophyll-irradiance relation showed hysteresis. The epoxidation state (EPS, V+0.5A / V+A+Z) decreased in the morning to a minimum at noon and then increased again in the afternoon reflecting a distinct depression of photosynthesis at midday.
Failure of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride to Prevent Thrombosis at Sites of Endarterectomy in Dogs (1978)

Our previous work has shown that the addition of diphenhydramine hydrochloride to platelet-rich plasma is capable of causing disaggregation of platelet aggregates already induced by adenosine diphosphate as well as of inhibiting platelet aggregation when added prior to the aggregating agent. This led us to attempt to prevent arterial thrombosis in a canine experimental model. Ten dogs received an injection of diphenhydramine (approximately 3 mg/kg of body-weight) into the right common femoral artery 1 cm proximal to the proximal end of a 2 cm endarterectomy immediately after closure of the endarterectomy site and prior to performing an endarterectomy of the other common femoral and both common carotid arteries. The dogs which received diphenhydramine were compared with ten control dogs and found to have no protection against thrombosis at the sites of endarterectomy after 4 and 24 hours.
Application of image contours to three aspects of image processing: compression, shape recognition and stereopsis (1989)

Proposes the use of contours of constant intensity as image primitives for the purpose of image compression, object recognition and stereo matching. Compression ratios of 10-15% have been achieved, which approaches those of conventional coding techniques. The advantages of storing the images in this form is that explicit shape information contained in the image is available directly from the coded form. The contour set is partitioned into two parts, the long closed contours which tend to represent object boundaries and the shorter unclosed segments representing background detail. The former may be used as input to the object recognition and stereo matching schemes which have been demonstrated in this paper. Although further work is required before the compression ratios achieved supercede existing techniques, it is believed that the slight loss in compression ratio is a small price to concede for obtaining a compressed form which may be used directly. >
Resolution Issues in Medical Ultrasound (1985)

A common figure of merit for imaging systems is resolution--the ability to differentiate two or more closely spaced point targets. When applied to ultrasonic images for medical applications, however, it is not an adequate measure of performance. The clinical user is also concerned with differentiating subtle textural changes in tissue. We refer to this figure of merit as contrast resolution. This paper reviews basic principles of ultrasonic beam formation in a tutorial fashion, and explores the systematic requirements and trade-offs necessary to achieve good contrast resolution along with good detail resolution. Simulation results are presented.
Raman spectroscopy study of growth of multiwalled carbon nano-tubes using Plasma Enhanced Chemical vapour depositon (2011)

Here, we report the study of growth of CNTs using pulsed DC Plasma Enhanced Chemical Deposition (PECVD) process. Pulsed DC PECVD is employed as it provides enhanced control on arcing and uniformity over large area and thus control on length, diameter and positioning of CNTs. High yields of Multi-Walled Carbon nanotubes with diameters ranging from 40 to 100 nanometers are synthesized by plasma enhanced chemical Vapour deposition system. A layer of Titanium (50 nm) is used as buffer layer and a layer of Nickel (~10 nm) is used as catalyst layer. Effect of Temperature, growth pressure and acetylene (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) concentration on the synthesis of CNTs is studied. CNTs are characterized by Secondary Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Uniform CNTs growth observed at growth temperature 700°C and 800°C .Raman spectroscopy of CNTs shows that the strength of D-band (Defect-induced band) relative to G-band (Graphite-related optical band) decreases as the growth temperature increases which indicates the crystalline, defects free, uniform diameter and length of aligned CNTs. From temperature 700°C to 800°C, Up-shift in D-band indicates the increase in diameter of CNTs while up-shift in G-band may because of chemical doping in tubes. Downshift in G-band.
Chemie und Biochemie der Pflanzenstoffe, XXVIII. Synthesen von Flavonoiden und Cumarinen mittels Polyphosphorsäure (1971)

Abstract Durch Kondensation von Phenolen bzw. Phenoläthern mit Zimtsäure in Gegenwart von Polyphosphorsäure mit einem Gehalt von 86% P 4 O 10 erhält man die Chalkone 1–7 , das Flavanon 8 sowie Di‐[ O ‐cinnamoyl]‐hydrochinon. Entsprechend entstehen mit Benzoylessigsäure bzw. deren Äthylester oder mit Phenylpropiolsäure die 4‐Phenyl‐cumarine 11–13 sowie die Flavone 14–19 . Die analogen Umsetzungen mit Malonsäure ergaben die Cumarine 22 und 23 oder Dibenzoylmethan‐Derivate. Aus o ‐Cumarsäure erhält man mit Anisol 4‐[4‐Methoxy‐phenyl]‐3.4‐dihydro‐cumarin ( 9 ), mit Polyphosphorsäure mittels N.N ‐Dimethylanilin als Katalysator ein Tris‐anhydrid C 27 H 21 O 10 P, das bei der alkalischen Spaltung o ‐Cumarsäure und Orthophosphorsäure ergibt.
Implicit fairing of irregular meshes using diffusion and curvature flow (1999)

In this paper, we develop methods to rapidly remove rough features from irregularly triangulated data intended to portray a smooth surface. The main task is to remove undesirable noise and uneven edges while retaining desirable geometric features. The problem arises mainly when creating high-fidelity computer graphics objects using imperfectly-measured data from the real world.
A panel of biomarkers including caspase-3 and D-dimer may differentiate acute stroke from stroke-mimicking conditions in the emergency department (2010)

A combination of biomarkers including caspase-3 and d-dimer appears to be the most promising to achieve a rapid biochemical diagnosis of stroke. If replicated, this approach could be used as a tool for urgent referral of stroke patients to hospitals in which acute treatments are available.
Dynamics and Requirements of T Cell Clonal Expansion In Vivo at the Single-Cell Level: Effector Function Is Linked to Proliferative Capacity (1999)

The adoptive transfer of TCR-transgenic T cells into syngeneic recipients allows characterization of individual T cells during in vivo immune responses. However, the proliferative behavior of individual T cells and its relationship to effector and memory function has been difficult to define. Here, we used a fluorescent dye to dissect and quantify T cell proliferative dynamics in vivo. We find that the average Ag-specific CD4+ T cell that undergoes division in vivo generates >20 daughter cells. TCR and CD28 signals cooperatively determine the degree of primary clonal expansion by increasing both the proportion of Ag-specific T cells that divide and the number of rounds of division the responding T cells undergo. Nonetheless, despite optimal signaling, up to one-third of Ag-specific cells fail to divide even though they show phenotypic evidence of Ag encounter. Surprisingly, however, transgenic T cells maturing on a RAG-2-/- background exhibit a responder frequency of 95-98% in vivo, suggesting that maximal proliferative potential requires either a naive phenotype or allelic exclusion at the TCRalpha locus. Finally, studies reveal division cycle-dependent expression of markers of T cell differentiation, such as CD44, CD45RB, and CD62L, and show also that expression of the cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 depends primarily on cell division rather than on receipt of costimulatory signals. These results provide a quantitative assessment of T cell proliferation in vivo and define the relationship between cell division and other parameters of the immune response including cytokine production, the availability of costimulation, and the capacity for memory.
Biodegradable ureteral grafts in dogs. (1978)

In six dogs, a segment of the right ureter was replaced by a tubular segment of poly [L(-) lactic acid], a new absorbable biomaterial, with the hope that the foreign body would be absorbed or dissolved after a new mucosally lined channel had formed. The dogs were followed with excretory urograms, blood urea nitrogens, and serum creatinines. Postoperatively, four of the six dogs had deteriorating or total loss of function of the right kidney by 8 months attributable to obstruction of the ureter by disintegrating implant.
Integer programming (1972)

The principles of integer programming are directed toward finding solutions to problems from the fields of economic planning, engineering design, and combinatorial optimization. This highly respected and much-cited text, a standard of graduate-level courses since 1972, presents a comprehensive treatment of the first two decades of research on integer programming.
Thermal nitride gate FET technology for VLSI devices (1980)

The use of thermally-grown silicon nitride films with a nominal thickness of 70Å as a gate insulator for submicron-channel IGFETs will be covered. The approach afforded high transconductance and elimination of short-channel effects.
Glutathione Synthesis in Evolution: An Achilles’ Heel of Human and Other Old World Simian Lenses (1986)

The activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and glutathione synthetase, the two enzymes responsible for glutathione synthesis, were determined in adult lenses from representative species of eight mammalian orders. Lenses from Old World higher simians, including man, exhibited remarkably low gamma-GCS activity when compared to a prosimian and the other seven orders. In contrast, glutathione synthetase activity was comparable and relatively high in all orders. This, together with knowledge of its known lability and control mechanisms, suggests that gamma-GCS is a critical enzyme in the lens of the aging higher primate, whose very low and rate-limiting activity is a latent factor in the development of age-related cataract.
Identification of naturally occurring monoclonal antibody escape variants of louping ill virus (1994)

Louping ill virus isolates from Great Britain, Ireland and Norway were compared antigenically by indirect immunofluorescence, haemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization tests using a panel of five envelope-specific and five non-structural protein NS1-specific monoclonal antibodies raised against louping ill virus. The viruses were grouped according to their reactivities with the antibodies. Group 1, members of which were isolated between 1931 and 1987, consisted of 13 viruses that reacted with all antibodies, whereas group 2, members of which were isolated after 1980, consisted of five viruses that were positive with only eight of the 10 monoclonal antibodies. The two monoclonal antibodies that did not react with the group 2 viruses are known to be neutralizing antibodies and the amino acids that they recognize in the viral envelope protein have been identified. We therefore refer to the group 2 viruses as naturally occurring monoclonal antibody escape variants. When compared with group 1 viruses, the escape variants showed reduced virulence for mice in terms of the time taken to kill and/or the proportion that died, following intraperitoneal inoculation. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the envelope gene of one escape variant were compared with those of several group 1 viruses. A single amino acid substitution at residue 308 was detected in the envelope protein of the escape variant which corresponds precisely to the position in experimentally selected attenuated monoclonal antibody escape mutants. The importance and potential implications of these naturally occurring variants in louping ill epizootiology and vaccine-based control are discussed.
Image-Based 3D Model Retrieval for Indoor Scenes by Simulating Scene Context (2018)

We propose a single image-based 3D model retrieval method for indoor scenes. By simulating the scene context of the input image, our method is able to handle several challenging scenarios featuring cluttered backgrounds and severe occlusions. To use our system, the user only needs to drag a few semantic bounding boxes for the query objects. The proposed approach then retrieves the most similar 3D models from the ShapeNet model repository, and aligns them with the corresponding objects automatically. This requires that the 3D models are represented by calibrated view-dependent visual elements learned from the rendered views. With the estimated occlusion relationships, the rendered model images are stacked at the corresponding locations to simulate the scene context. By conducting matching between these synthesized scenes and the input image, the most similar 3D models under the approximate poses are retrieved. Moreover, we show that the retrieving time can be significantly reduced based on a novel greedy algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Wnt/β‐catenin pathway regulates bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2)‐mediated differentiation of dental follicle cells (2011)

These data suggest that stabilization of β-catenin by WNT3A inhibits BMP2-mediated induction of cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation in SVF4 cells, although BMP2 requires endogenous Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote cell maturation.
STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIRUSES AS OBSERVED IN THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (1954)

Herpes simplex virus was visualized by the electron microscope in sections of infected chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos. Removal of the embedding methacrylate from relatively thick sections permitted large numbers of viral particles to be seen but caused extensive alteration of cellular components as well as variable distortion of viral structure. This distortion was characterized by disruption of particles and loss of central bodies, resulting in ring or empty shell forms. An inner structure of the virus was revealed in ultrathin sections from which the embedding plastic was not removed. The nuclei of infected cells contained small, dense, primary bodies (30 to 40 mmicro in diameter) as well as slightly larger and less dense particles (40 to 50 mmicro in diameter) surrounded by a single membrane (70 to 100 mmicro in diameter). In the cytoplasm most of the particles possessed a double outer membrane (120 to 130 mmicro in diameter). It is suggested that the initial site of viral development is restricted to the nucleus where primary bodies form and become enclosed by a single outer membrane. Upon release into the cytoplasm these particles appear to acquire a second outer membrane and presumably represent the mature virus.
Deeply Learning Derivatives (2018)

This paper uses deep learning to value derivatives. The approach is broadly applicable, and we use a call option on a basket of stocks as an example. We show that the deep learning model is accurate and very fast, capable of producing valuations a million times faster than traditional models. We develop a methodology to randomly generate appropriate training data and explore the impact of several parameters including layer width and depth, training data quality and quantity on model speed and accuracy.
Region growing motion segmentation and estimation in object-oriented video coding (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of object based image coding for the purpose of video transmission at very low bit rates (below 32 kbit/s). Each frame of an image sequence is first segmented into temporally unchanged (background) and changed regions via a change detector. Then the changed regions are subdivided into arbitrarily shaped model failure and model compliance regions so as to satisfy the chosen quadratic transform motion model. Our work brings in two original contributions: (1) the use of region growing motion segmentation, and (2) joint use of quadratic transform with optical flow motion estimation.
A High-Efficiency Blue Emitter for Small Molecule-Based Organic Light-Emitting Diode (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA High-Efficiency Blue Emitter for Small Molecule-Based Organic Light-Emitting DiodeLouis M. Leung, W. Y. Lo, S. K. So, K. M. Lee, and W. K. ChoiView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 23, 5640–5641Publication Date (Web):May 26, 2000Publication History Received15 March 2000Revised19 April 2000Published online26 May 2000Published inissue 1 June 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja000927zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja000927zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2421Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Color,Diodes,Ligands,Metals Get e-Alerts
Genetic Dissection of Mammalian Cdc7 Kinase: Cell Cycle and Developmental Roles (2004)

Cdc7, originally discovered by Hartwell as a budding yeast mutant that arrests immediately before the onset of S phase, is conserved through evolution and plays essential roles in initiation of mitotic DNA replication. Inducible inactivation of Cdc7 in mouse embryonic stem cells leads to rapid cessation of DNA synthesis and the subsequent activation of checkpoint responses, resulting in p53 activation and eventually p53-mediated apoptosis. This indicates a requirement of Cdc7 kinase for ongoing replication of mammalian genomes, and loss of Cdc7 kinase presumably generates arrested replication fork signals. Cdc7-/- mice or embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) expressing a low level of transgene-encoded Cdc7 protein are viable but exhibit reduced body size with impaired germ cell development and decreased cell proliferation. Interestingly, these phenotypes are largely corrected by the presence of an additional copy of the transgene, resulting in increased level of Cdc7 expression. This indicates the requirement of a critical level of Cdc7 for normal cell proliferation and development of specific organs. These results from mammals will be discussed in conjunction with the pleiotropic effects of Cdc7 mutation observed in yeasts.
Enabling Roaming in Heterogeneous Multi-Operator Wireless Networks (2007)

In a future, existing wireless access technologies such as WiFi (Wireless Fidelity), WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) will coexist on daily basis. Nevertheless, this daily coexistence does not imply that they will be able to fully interoperate. Thus, my research work focuses on a specific roaming scenario which is formed by heterogeneous wireless access networks managed by different operators. Our main objective is to provide a seamless (for the mobile user) roaming architecture to enable network interoperability under a heterogeneous multi-operator wireless environment, all this without major changes in current wireless architectures. In this regard, we also aim at reducing the roaming signaling exchange caused by the authentication and authorization mechanisms in the network registration and session initiation process while providing robust network security. The results obtained through computer simulation indicated that the use of our approach reduces significantly the network registration and session initiation delay, hence outperforming the traditional Roaming-SIP method. We also confirmed that the wireless delay introduced by the VN increases considerably when increasing the traffic congestion level in the Visiting Networks. Thus, from the simulations results we can state that by reducing the signaling message exchange, and maintaining acceptable congestion levels in the wireless network, hence reducing the wireless transmission delay, we can improved the overall de-lay in both network registration and session initiaition process.
Problems of genocide-gendercide studies and future agendas: A comparative approach (2002)

(2002). Problems of genocide-gendercide studies and future agendas: A comparative approach. Journal of Genocide Research: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 127-135.
The inhibitory effects of recombinant plasminogen kringle 1-3 on the neovascularization of rabbit cornea induced by angiogenin, bFGF, and VEGF (1999)

Angiostatin is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor that is composed of the first four kringles of plasminogen fragment. Angiostatin with one less kringle molecule (kringle 1 to 3) was recently demonstrated to be an effective angiogenic inhibitor. To determine whether recombinant plasminogen kringle 1-3 (rPK1-3) can inhibit the corneal neovascularization induced by potent angiogenic factors; angiogenin, bFGF, or VEGF, hydron polymer discs each containing 2.0 microg of angiogenin, 500 ng of bFGF, or 500 ng of VEGF respectively were implanted into the corneal stroma of 138 rabbit eyes, and then discs each containing 10 microg, 12.5 microg, 20 microg or 30 microg of rPK1-3 were implanted randomly. Discs containing phosphate buffered saline were also implanted as a control. The angiogenesis score on number and length of newly formed vessels on the each of the rabbit's cornea were recorded daily by two observers (blinded). The treated corneas were also examined histologically. Recombinant PK1-3 treated corneas showed less neovascularization induced by all angiogenic factors (p < 0.05). and the extent of inhibition of neovascularization was proportional to the concentration of rPK1-3 (p < 0.05). Histologic examination showed leukocyte infiltration into the corneal stroma on the PBS treated eyes whereas rPK1-3 treated eyes showed only traces of leukocytes. These results of the effective rPK1-3 inhibition of corneal neovascularization induced by angiogenin, bFGF, or VEGF suggest that this angiostatin related fragment, rPK1-3, may be useful in the treatment of various neovascular diseases.