gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pentavalent pillar[5]arene-based glycoclusters and their multivalent binding to pathogenic bacterial lectins (2016)

Anti-adhesive glycoclusters offer potential as therapeutic alternatives to classical antibiotics in treating infections. Pillar[5]arenes functionalised with either five galactose or five fucose residues were readily prepared using CuAAC reactions and evaluated for their binding to three therapeutically relevant bacterial lectins: LecA and Lec B from Pseudomonas aeuruginosa and BambL from Burkholderia ambifaria. Steric interactions were demonstrated to be a key factor in achieving good binding to LecA with more flexible galactose glycoclusters showing enhanced activity. In contrast binding to the fucose-selective lectins confirmed the importance of topology of the glycoclusters for activity with the pillar[5]arene ligand proving a selective ligand for BambL.
High efficiency broadband polarization rotator on silicon-on-insulator (2010)

We demonstrate a polarization rotator fabricated using a 4 etch-step CMOS-compatible process including layer depositions on a silicon-on-insulator wafer by means of 193nm deep UV lithography. The measured polarization rotation efficiency is at least -0.5dB over a wavelength range of 80nm around 1550nm.
Expression of Tom34 Splicing Isoforms in Mouse Testis and Knockout of Tom34 in Mice (2003)

The 34-kDa translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (Tom34) is a putative mammalian-specific factor involved in protein import into mitochondria. We analyzed the genomic sequence of the mouse Tom34 gene and found it has two alternative initial exons. Using reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we found that these two mRNAs differs only in the 5'-proximal sequences corresponding to the two initial exons (exon 1a and 1b). Tom34 mRNA with exon 1a (Tom34a) is expressed ubiquitously, while that with exon 1b (Tom34b) is expressed only in mature testicular germ cells. To explore the in vivo function of Tom34 proteins, we generated Tom34-deficient mice by targeted disruption. The Tom34(-/-) mice were viable and grew normally and had a normal Mendelian inheritance pattern. Male as well as female Tom34(-/-) mice were fertile. In vitro-preprotein import into isolated mitochondria showed no apparent difference between Tom34(-/-) and wild-type mice. These results indicate that Tom34 is dispensable for mouse growth and development under optimal conditions.
Integration of acoustic information in a large vocabulary word recognizer (2005)

This paper proposes a new way of using vector quantization for improving recognition performance for a 60,000 word vocabulary speaker-trained isolated word recognizer using a phonemic Markov model approach to speech recognition. We show that we can effectively increase the codebook size by dividing the feature vector into two vectors of lower dimensionality, and then quantizing and training each vector separately. For a small codebook size, integration of the results of the two parameter vectors provides significant improvement in recognition performance as compared to the quantizing and training of the entire feature set together. Even for a codebook size as small as 64, the results obtained when using the new quantization procedure are quite close to those obtained when using Gaussian distribution of the parameter vectors.
Distributed Temperature and Strain Sensing using Spontaneous Brillouin Scattering in Optical Few-Mode Fibers (2015)

A novel approach to achieve simultaneous distributed temperature and strain sensing based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering in few-mode optical fibers is proposed and experimentally investigated, with high sensitivity using heterodyne detection and optical time-domain reflectometry.
Selective NFAT targeting in T cells ameliorates GvHD while maintaining antitumor activity (2015)

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a life-threatening immunological complication after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The intrinsic graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect, however, is the desirable curative benefit. Patients with acute GvHD are treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) or tacrolimus (FK506), which not only often causes severe adverse effects, but also interferes with the anticipated GvL. Both drugs inhibit calcineurin, thus at first suppressing activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Therefore, we explored the specific contribution of individual NFAT factors in donor T cells in animal models of GvHD and GvL. Ablation of NFAT1, NFAT2, or a combination of both resulted in ameliorated GvHD, due to reduced proliferation, target tissue homing, and impaired effector function of allogenic donor T cells. In contrast, the frequency of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells was increased and NFAT-deficient Tregs were fully protective in GvHD. CD8(+) T-cell recall response and, importantly, the beneficial antitumor activity were largely preserved in NFAT-deficient effector T cells. Thus, specific inhibition of NFAT opens an avenue for an advanced therapy of GvHD maintaining protective GvL.
Cryogenic Temperature Characterization of a 28-nm FD-SOI Dedicated Structure for Advanced CMOS and Quantum Technologies Co-Integration (2018)

Silicon co-integration offers compelling scale-up opportunities for quantum computing. In this framework, cryogenic temperature is required for the coherence of solid-state quantum devices. This paper reports the characterization of an nMOS quantum-dot dedicated structure below 100 mK. The device under test is built in thin silicon film fabricated with 28 nm high-k metal gate ultra-thin body and ultra-thin buried oxide advanced CMOS technology. The MOS structure is functional with improved performances at cryogenic temperature. The results open new research avenues in CMOS co-integration for quantum computing applications within the FD-SOI platform.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF INTRAVENOUS INDUCTION DRUGS (1988)

From the Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA. Address reprint requests to Dr. White, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO 65110.
Smoking and Parkinson's disease. (1982)

In a case control study of the relationship between smoking habits and Parkinson's disease a negative association was demonstrated with a relative risk of 0 x 52. A history of smoking up to 20 years earlier was associated with a risk of developing Parkinson's disease equal to about half that in non-smokers. The type of disease, age of onset and rate of progression were associated with a similar reduction in risk implying that in respect of smoking history the disease is homogeneous. The positive correlation of degenerative vascular disease with smoking is further evidence that arteriosclerosis is not involved in the causation of Parkinson's disease. The negative association between Parkinson's disease and smoking is confirmed and is independent of other associated factors. The known and serious risks of smoking far outweigh the possible benefit of lowered risk of Parkinson's disease.
Transformation of spatially direct to spatially indirect excitons in coupled double quantum wells (1988)

We report a detailed experimental study of the influence of electric fields on exciton lifetimes in a GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$As coupled-double-quantum-well structure. The energy of the lowest-lying photoluminescent exciton peak was observed to decrease and its decay time was found to increase by over an order of magnitude as the internal electric field was increased. The increase in the decay time is attributed to the change of the exciton transition from spatially direct (i.e., taking place within a single well) to spatially indirect (connecting an electron level in one well with a hole level in the adjacent well).
Efficacy of permanent pacing in the management of high-risk patients with long QT syndrome. (1991)

The beneficial effects of pacing in high-risk LQTS patients probably relate to the prevention of bradycardia, pauses, and the shortening of long QT intervals--factors that are known to be arrhythmogenic in this syndrome. Permanent cardiac pacing reduces the rate of recurrent syncopal events in high-risk LQTS patients, but it does not provide complete protection.
Computer algorithms for plagiarism detection (1989)

A survey of computer algorithms used for the detection of student plagiarism is presented. A summary of several algorithms is provided. Common features of the different plagiarism detection algorithms are described. Ethical and administrative issues involving detected plagiarism are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Caps on Eukaryotic m<scp>RNA</scp>s (2014)

Abstract A 5′‐terminal cap is added to most eukaryotic cellular and viral messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) at an early stage of transcription. Capping is essential and modulates several subsequent events in gene expression including pre‐mRNA splicing, 3′‐poly(A) addition, overall stability, nuclear exit to cytoplasm, protein synthesis, and mRNA turnover initiated by decapping. These and other effects involve cap‐binding proteins that recognise the m7GpppN cap structure. Capping proceeds by a similar series of enzymatic steps in a wide range of systems, but differences exist between metazoans and unicellular eukaryotes and viruses, pointing to capping enzymes as potential targets for the development of selective drugs against some fungal, viral and parasitic infections. Moreover, the unique structural features of caps enable us to define the initiation sites and promoter regions of gene transcription, and provide a basis for advanced sequencer‐mediated high‐throughput genome‐wide profiling of gene expression in a wide range of cell types. Key Concepts: mRNA caps are now known to be essential components of gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. The history of the discovery of the presence of 5′ caps on messenger RNA and its subsequent scientific flowering is a good example of how a seemingly small biochemical observation can lead to the deeper understanding of a wide range of fundamental molecular biological phenomena. Evolution has resulted in wide variations in capping structure and function among organisms ranging from viruses to humans; the selective forces underlying such variation requires more research. Research that has documented viral‐specific capping reactions in viruses should prove to be a fertile source of research leading to new and novel anti‐viral agents. The ‘cap‐snatching’ strategies of influenza viruses is a remarkable example of an apparent adaptation to enhance infectivity and is a particularly compelling target for therapeutic intervention. The NMD mRNA surveillance pathway, which includes a pioneer round of translation with cap‐binding proteins, results in a striking decrease of defective mRNA in cells of patients with genetic diseases containing premature termination codons. Methylation of genomic DNA and mRNA is now widely accepted as a major pathway of the regulation of both transcription and translation in eukaryotes. Protein synthesis is a major field of gene expression where many players work for mRNA capping, decapping, decoding, quality control of gene transcripts and peptide elongation. Micro RNAs are now widely accepted as major players in the translational control of protein synthesis. The analysis of cap‐trapped sequences by high‐throughput sequencers enables one to carry out a genome‐wide identification of promoters together with quantification of their expression, thus elucidating a promoter‐based network of transcriptional regulation.
High Q backside micromachined CMOS inductors (2003)

Spiral inductors that are fabricated through a CMOS process, are micromachined by using a new post-processing procedure. In this new technique, the inductors are supported mechanically prior to etching with a low-loss host substrate, and the silicon substrate is selectively etched from the backside. A scalable physical model for such inductors is developed. The results from the model are in good agreement with the measurements. Significant performance improvements are achieved without compromising the mechanical robustness of the fully integrated inductors. By using a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, a quality factor of 10.5 is measured at 4.6 GHz for 8.9 nH inductor.
Lip feature extraction and reduction for HMM-based visual speech recognition systems (2008)

Lipreading is a main part of audio-visual speech recognition systems which are mostly faced with redundancy of extracted features. In this paper, a new approach has been proposed to increase the lipreading performance by extraction of discriminant features. In this way, first, faces are detected; then, lip key points are extracted in which four cubic curves characterize lip contours. Next, the visual features are extracted from the contours for each frame. To discriminate each speech unit (word) from others, features of that speech unit frames are arranged in a feature vector. Moreover, differences of each frame features from k previous frame features are used to construct more informative feature vectors. To solve the small sample size problem, direct linear discriminant analysis (D-LDA) is employed to reduce the feature size. To classify these transformed features, hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to recognize the speech units. The proposed algorithm was applied on M2VTS database. Results show that applying of D-LDA for feature reduction provides the better classification accuracy compare to employ HMM without feature reduction.
Hepatic Microsomal Ethanol Oxidation (1972)

Microsomes from rat liver form hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an NADPH‐generating system in proportion to protein concentrations as determined by three independent methods: ferrithiocyanate, cytochrome c peroxidase, and scopoletin fluorescence. Maximal rates observed were about 15 μmol H 2 O 2 /g microsomal protein per minute. The oxygen concentration for half‐maximal rates was 50 μM. It is suggested that NADPH‐dependent hydrogen peroxide formation in microsomes is mainly due to NADPH oxidase; however, partial inhibition by carbon monoxide suggests that about one third arises from the autoxidation of cytochrome P‐450. Similarities exist between microsomal acetaldehyde production from ethanol ( i.e. the microsomal ethanol‐oxidizing system of Lieber and DeCarli [4]) and hydrogen peroxide formation: viz. requirement for NADPH and oxygen, identical oxygen concentrations for halfmaximal rates, and sensitivity to carbon monoxide. Microsomal acetaldehyde production in the presence of either an NADPH‐ or an H 2 O 2 ‐generating system exhibits identical characteristics as follows: (a) ethanol concentration for half‐maximal rates ( i.e. 12 mM); (b) dependency of maximal rates on rates of hydrogen peroxide formation; (c) competitive inhibition by peroxidatic substrates for catalase, e.g. formate (half‐maximal effect: 150 μM); (d) inhibition by catalase inhibitors, e.g. azide (half‐maximal effect: 50 μM), with identical azide insensitive rates; (e) diminished acetaldehyde production in microsomes from rats pretreated with aminotriazole or pyrazole with identical residual rates. Moreover, NADPH‐dependent acetaldehyde production is suppressed in the presence of an active H 2 O 2 ‐utilizing system. Thus, it is concluded that the NADPH‐dependent microsomal ethanol‐oxidizing system of Lieber and DeCarli [4] is due to a hydrogen peroxide formation from NADPH and a subsequent peroxidation of ethanol by contaminating catalase. The data indicate that the existence of a unique system in addition to the peroxidatic reaction of catalase as postulated recently [4] is highly doubtful.
Thin Copper Seed Layers in Interconnect Metallization Using the Electroless Plating Process (2004)

In this paper, we present a process for growing a Cu seed layer on a Ta/SiO 2 /Si substrate using an electroless plating (ELP) process at an extremely low temperature (∼30°C). In this process, the activation treatment of the Ta/SiO 2 /Si substrate was carried out by immersion in a PdCl 2 /HCl solution prior to electroless Cu deposition. The optimum activation time for the substrate was clearly observed to be 7 min. The Cu seed layer was uniformly and smoothly deposited using a CuSO 4 concentration of 30 mM for 80 s with an average roughness of 14 nm under a thin film of 50 nm thickness. The grain size of the Cu seed layer was 34 nm. After annealing in hydrogen ambience at 250–350°C, the average roughness of the Cu seed layer was reduced to 4 nm. A proposed mechanism for the ELP of Cu seed layers on Ta/SiO 2 /Si substrates is also presented.
Creatine Supplementation Normalizes Mutagenesis of Mitochondrial DNA as Well as Functional Consequences (2005)

Mutations of mitochondrial (mt) DNA play a role in neurodegeneration, normal aging, premature aging of the skin (photoaging), and tumors. We and others could demonstrate that mtDNA mutations can be induced in skin cells in vitro and in normal human skin in vivo by repetitive, sublethal ultraviolet (UV)-A-irradiation. These mutations are mediated by singlet oxygen and persist in human skin as long-term biomarkers of UV exposure. Although mtDNA exclusively encodes for the respiratory chain, involvement of the energy metabolism in mtDNA mutagenesis and a protective role of the energy precursor creatine have thus far not been shown. We assessed the amount of a marker mutation of mtDNA, the so-called common deletion, by real-time PCR. Induction of the common deletion was paralleled by a measurable decrease of oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP content, as well as an increase of matrix metalloproteinase-1. Mitochondrial mutagenesis as well as functional consequences could be normalized by increasing intracellular creatine levels. These data indicate that increase of the energy precursor creatine protects from functionally relevant, aging-associated mutations of mitochondrial DNA.
Myeloid Progenitors: A Radiation Countermeasure that is Effective when Initiated Days after Irradiation (2012)

The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential of mouse myeloid progenitor cells (mMPC) to mitigate lethal doses of (60)Co γ radiation and X rays in various strains of mice. Different cell doses of pooled allogeneic mMPC generated ex vivo from AKR, C57Bl/6, and FVB mice were transfused intravenously into haplotype-mismatched recipient Balb/c or CD2F1 mice at various times after irradiation to assess their effect on 30-day survival. Our results show that cryopreserved allogeneic mMPC significantly improve survival in both strains of mice irradiated with lethal doses of (60)Co γ radiation (CD2F1, 9.2 Gy) and X-ray exposures (Balb/c, 9 Gy) that are known to cause acute radiation syndrome in hematopoietic tissues. Survival benefit was mMPC-dose dependent and significant even when mMPC administration was delayed up to 7 days after irradiation. We further show that mMPC administration mitigates death from acute radiation syndrome at radiation doses of up to 15 Gy ((60)Co γ radiation, CD2F1), which are radiation exposure levels that cause mice to succumb to multi-organ failure, and determined that the dose-reduction factor of 5 million mMPC administered 24 h after irradiation of CD2F1 mice is 1.73. Even at high doses of up to 14 Gy (60)Co γ radiation, mMPC administration could be delayed up to 5 days in CD2F1 mice and still provide significant benefit to 30-day survival. These results demonstrate that mMPC are a promising radiation countermeasure with the potential to mitigate radiation injury in unmatched recipients across a broad range of lethal radiation doses, even when administration is delayed days after radiation exposure. With respect to efficacy, timing, and practicality of administration, mMPC appear to be a very promising radiation countermeasure for acute radiation syndrome among all candidate therapeutics currently under development.
Characterization of homogeneous ethylene/1‐octene copolymers made with a single‐site catalyst. CRYSTAF analysis and calibration (1999)

The crystallizability of narrow composition, homogeneous ethylene/1-octene copolymers made with a constrained geometry catalyst, measured by CRYSTAF, follows a straight line correlation with the amount of total comonomer incorporated. The potential use of these resins as standards to calibrate CRYSTAF and TREF techniques is discussed. Although most of the resins analyzed have a narrow chemical composition distribution, there seems to be a relation between the broadness of the distribution and molecular weight, as predicted by Stockmayer's bivariate distribution. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 89–93, 1999
Fast algorithms for hierarchically semiseparable matrices (2009)

Semiseparable matrices and many other rank-structured matrices have been widely used in developing new fast matrix algorithms. In this paper, we generalize the hierarchically semiseparable (HSS) matrix representations and propose some fast algorithms for HSS matrices. We represent HSS matrices in terms of general binary HSS trees and use simplified postordering notation for HSS forms. Fast HSS algorithms including new HSS structure generation and HSS form Cholesky factorization are developed. Moreover, we provide a new linear complexity explicit ULV factorization algorithm for symmetric positive definite HSS matrices with a low-rank property. The corresponding factors can be used to solve the HSS systems also in linear complexity. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithms. All these algorithms have nice data locality. They are useful in developing fast-structured numerical methods for large discretized PDEs (such as elliptic equations), integral equations, eigenvalue problems, etc. Some applications are shown. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing a workplace return-to-work program for occupational low back pain: an intervention mapping approach (2009)

Intervention mapping provided a useful framework to develop a comprehensive RTW program tailored to the Ontario setting.
Desmopressin in the treatment of severe nocturnal enuresis in adolescents — a 7‐year follow‐up study (1998)

Active treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis with oral desmopressin has a clinically significant effect on the cure rate, which is maintained after ceasing therapy. The cure rate was higher than would be expected from spontaneous recovery alone during the first 2 years of the study and there was a significant further increase in the cure rate 7 years after ending therapy, again greater than the expected spontaneous cure rate. There also seemed to be a better response to treatment when it was prolonged. Furthermore, this therapy is safe when administered in the long-term.
58,228 children with disabilities in Massachusetts. (2003)

The 2000 Census data on the numbers of children with disabilities in Massachusetts are presented in each community in the state. There are numerous difficulties associated with the delivery of dental care to these youngsters with special needs. The 2002 Kids Count Census Data Online, developed by The Annie E. Casey Foundation (using Census Bureau 2000 data), provides an extended detailed numeric picture of noninstitutionalized United States children between the ages of 5 and 15 at the state, county, city, New England town, and metropolitan area levels. In addition to standard demographic characteristics, the report provides a detailed review of the prevalence of children with one or more disabilities (including long-term sensory, physical, mental, and self-care limitations.
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of pendelluft: a simple method based on electrical impedance tomography (2020)

The proposed EIT-based method can be used to evaluate the degree of pendelluft in dimension of phase shift and amplitude difference.
Predicting developmental outcomes in premature infants by term equivalent MRI: systematic review and meta-analysis (2015)

PROSPERO CRD42013006362.