gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The detection of buried human skeletal remains in the Australian environment (2006)

Forensic anthropologists and archaeologists have been increasingly engaged, at police request, in investigations to locate and recover buried human remains ( Rodriguez and Bass, 1985 ; France et al., 1992 ; Owsley, 1995 ; Hunter et al., 1996 ). Current search methods are derived from archaeology, geology, botany, geography and taphonomy. However, there is limited testing of search techniques, particularly over graves containing human bodies, and few studies that have examined the appearance of gravesites over several years. In the absence of such studies in Australia, eight shallow burials ( six animal graves, two human graves ) and one calibration pit were established in South Australia to provide information about the physical properties of graves and the effectiveness of burial site location techniques. The findings provide descriptive information about the surface appearance of graves over six\nyears, the chemical elements remaining in the upper levels of grave soil and the practical implications of using geophysical instruments to search for buried human remains in typical forensic cases in South Australian landscapes.\nKey surface indicators identified included ongoing faunal scavenging, soil surface differences, absence of moss, absence of vegetation in dry periods, the slow return of ground debris, and the formation of depressions. These were not all associated with the presence of a body but could be related to disturbance of the ground surface. There was a relationship between surface indicators and seasonal conditions and the position of the gravesites in relation to surrounding landscape features, in particular, trees. Higher levels of certain soil elements at the upper surface layer at the gravesites were identifiable after several years of burial ; in particular, calcium and magnesium were identifiable at the human body and kangaroo gravesites. Ground penetrating radar,\nelectrical resistivity and electromagnetic induction were used to survey the gravesites. Ground penetrating radar provided the most significant results in terms of anomalies compared to the surrounds. However, use of these instruments highlighted the potential of overlooking gravesites due to lack of definitive survey data, the impact of seasonal conditions\nand the problems associated with using the instruments in some burial areas. Comparison of these findings is made with other international\nstudies. Electrical resistivity surveying was successfully used to locate a 150 year old burial.\nA national survey on body location techniques used by police investigators in a seven year period was conducted, demonstrating a limited reported success in and use of search techniques other than ground search, implying a need to develop more reliable techniques for clandestine grave location.\nThe results provide previously unavailable information about the surface appearance of gravesites, detectable elements in grave soil and the use of geophysical survey instruments for this purpose in South Australia.
Timolol in lipospheres. (1992)

Lipospheres carrying timolol (1) were obtained from microemulsions. They had lecithin, palmitic and decanoic acids as the main constituents. The sizes were between 300 and 400 nm and the amount of 1 incorporated varied from 2.7 to 4.8% according to the microemulsion used. Compound 1 was present in the lipospheres mainly as ion pairs in order to increase its lipophilicity. The difference found in the incorporation was principally due to the different lipophilicity of the ion pairs of 1.
Targeting WNT, protein kinase B, and mitochondrial membrane integrity to foster cellular survival in the nervous system. (2004)

Targeting essential cellular pathways that determine neuronal and vascular survival can foster a successful therapeutic platform for the treatment of a wide variety of degenerative disorders in the central nervous system. In particular, oxidative cellular injury can precipitate several nervous system disorders that may either be acute in nature, such as during cerebral ischemia, or more progressive and chronic, such as during Alzheimer disease. Apoptotic injury in the brain proceeds through two distinct pathways that ultimately result in the early externalization of membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) residues and the late induction of genomic DNA fragmentation. Degradation of DNA may acutely impact cellular survival, while the exposure of membrane PS residues can lead to microglial phagocytosis of viable cells, cellular inflammation, and thrombosis in the vascular system. Through either independent or common pathways, the Wingless/Wnt pathway and the serine-threonine kinase Akt serve central roles in the maintenance of cellular integrity and the prevention of the phagocytic disposal of cells "tagged" by PS exposure. By selectively governing the activity of specific downstream substrates that include GSK-3beta, Bad, and beta-catenin, Wnt and Akt serve to foster neuronal and vascular survival and block the induction of programmed cell death. Novel to Akt is its capacity to protect cells from phagocytosis through the direct modulation of membrane PS exposure. Intimately linked to the activation of Wnt signaling and Akt is the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and the regulation of Bcl-xL, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and cytochrome c release that can lead to specific cysteine protease activation.
Role of the E2 core in the dominant mechanisms of regulatory control of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (1996)

The mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a large assembly composed of six components with nine distinct subunits. Four of these components execute the overall reaction through a series of steps linked by cofactor-mediated active site coupling: the pyruvate dehydrogenase component (E1); the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase component (E2); the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase component (E3); and the E3-binding component (E3BP, previously protein X) (reviewed: Patel and Roche, 1990; Reed and Hackert, 1990; Perham, 1991). The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex has a central and strategic role in metabolism. Control of the PDC reaction is critically important for regulating cellular fuel utilization. PDC activity is controlled primarily by an intricately regulated phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle. This regulatory cycle is carried out by dedicated kinase and phosphatase components that operate to decrease and increase the activity of the complex through phosphorylating and dephosphorylating the E1 component, respectively. Here, E1a is used to designate the active form of E1 and E1b to designate the phosphorylated, inactive form.
Effects of taxol on human neutrophils. (1982)

Taxol, a plant alkaloid, promotes and stabilizes microtubule assembly in cells and cellfree systems. In the present study, the effects of taxol on various functional, morphologic, and biochemical phenomena in human peripheral blood PMN (Hypaque-Ficoll) were examined. Taxol (10(-7) M) inhibited PMN chemotaxis stimulated by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-met-leu-phe) or endotoxin-activated serum by more than 60%. The inhibition was not readily reversed by washing, and taxol itself was not a chemoattractant, nor is it a secretagogue. Spontaneous nondirected migration, cell spreading on a glass surface, and orientation of cell organelles in response to a chemoattractant gradient were also inhibited by taxol. Taxol (10(-5) M) decreased killing of Staphylococcus aureus, but did not alter phagocytosis of heat-killed Candida or hexose monophosphate shunt activity in resting or stimulated PMN. Ultrastructural studies showed that PMN incubated in f-met-leu-phe, taxol, or both had increased (p less than 0.001) numbers of centrosome-associated microtubules, and the microtubules of cells incubated in taxol with or without f-met-leu-phe were organized into bundles. Taxol (10(-5) M) markedly inhibited post-translational tyrosinolation of alpha-chains of tubulin in both resting and f-met-leu-phe-stimulated PMN. The data indicate that taxol inhibits PMN locomotion and bacterial killing, supporting a role for microtubules in these processes. The ultrastructural and biochemical data also support the view that taxol mediates its effects on PMN by its effect on microtubules.
Myc Overexpression Enhances Apoptosis Induced by Small Molecules (2006)

The Myc oncogene is deregulated in a wide variety of human tumors hence the Myc pathway is an attractive target for tailored cancer treatment. We have recently identified two small molecules, MYRAs (Myc-pathway response agents), that induce apoptosis in a Myc-dependent manner and inhibit Myc-driven transformation. Here, we show that these compounds in addition have prominent effects in MYCN overexpressing neuroblastoma cells. A third compound, NSC308848, also induced apoptosis in Myc-overexpressing cells and inhibited Myc-induced cellular transformation. However, in contrast to the MYRAs, NSC308848 treatment resulted in decreased Myc protein levels and gave rise to inhibitory effects also on other transcription factors than Myc. Taken together, our findings suggest that these three small molecules can elicit a similar biological response by interfering with the Myc pathway at different levels.
Identification of optimized rod shapes to guide anatomical spinal reconstruction for adolescent thoracic idiopathic scoliosis (2018)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the most common pediatric musculoskeletal disorder, causes a three-dimensional deformity of the spine. Although rod curvature could play an important role in anatomical spinal reconstruction in patients with thoracic AIS, intraoperative contouring of the straight rod induces notches into the rod, leading to decreased fatigue strength. Here, we analyzed pre-bent rod geometries from 46 intraoperative tracings of the rod geometry, which can provide anatomical spinal reconstruction in patients with thoracic AIS. The center point clouds of the rod shapes were extracted and approximated as arcs and straight lines. The difference between the center point clouds were evaluated using the iterative closest point methods. When the rod shapes were divided into six groups based on length followed by hierarchical cluster analysis, 10 representative rod shapes were obtained with a difference value of 5 mm. Thus, we identified optimized rod shapes to guide anatomical spinal reconstruction for thoracic AIS, which will reduce not only the risk of rod breakage but also operation time, leading to decreased patient burden. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3219-3224, 2018.
Performance of 10 Gb/s lightwave systems using a adjustable chirp optical modulator and linear equalization (1992)

An optical modulator with an adjustable chirp parameter and a synchronous tapped delay line equalizer can be combined to offer a low dispersion penalty for 10 Gb/s systems operating at a wavelength of 1.55 mu m with standard single-mode optical fiber. The influence of important system parameters, such as the modulator bandwidth, chirp parameter, and number of equalizer taps, on the receiver sensitivity is assessed for smart receivers which jointly optimize the decision time, decision threshold, and tap weights under a minimum bit-error-ratio criterion. The combination of an adjustable chirp modulator and equalizer offers a system reach more than twice that obtained with a chirp-free modulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling of polymer-metal hybrid materials (2012)

Hybrid materials, where multiple substances are combined, belong to an interesting new class of materials. These materials can be optimized for specific applications and can provide a more appropriate balance between cost, weight, strength, or some other properties. Particularly interesting materials from a practical as well as a scientific perspective are the materials that combine a polymer with a metal. To understand these materials we must understand how the various substances interact with each other.\nIn this thesis I have studied the interaction between a polymer and a metal surface at the microscopic level. I have used density-functional theory (DFT) and coarse-grained molecular dynamics to study the binding between the polymer and the metal surface. In order to provide a more realistic description for the binding of these substances I have taken into account van der Waals (vdW) interactions within DFT.\nMy results suggest that the polymer-metal binding can be strongly affected by small amounts of doping at the interface, thus providing one way to tune the polymer-metal interface properties. Also, the vdW interaction plays a major role, and it is thus essential to include these effects when studying large molecules on surfaces. I have used the DFT results to parametrize interaction potentials for coarse-grained molecular-dynamics simulations, which I have used to study the hybrid material interface on a larger length and time scale. A hybrid simulation method which combines molecular dynamics and continuum dynamics in the same system, allows the study of even larger systems. The hybrid simulation method can also be used to equilibrate the polymer system faster than with traditional methods.\nComputer simulations offer the possibility to efficiently test the properties of various material combinations before committing to produce physical manifestations of these materials. These simulations can be used for providing e.g. effective boundary conditions such as friction coefficients that can be used for continuum simulations, or for simulating nanostructured composites where the interface effects dominate the bulk properties of the material.
Fast video stabilization algorithm for UAV (2009)

Video captured from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) usually suffer from undesired motion of the sensors, which severely defects detecting and tracking targets of interest. In this paper, a fast video stabilization algorithm for UAV is proposed to remove undesired motions and produce stabilized images. Firstly, a set of fast matching strategies are considered to match successive frames. Then, with motion parameters between two successive frames, a polynomial fitting and predicting method is proposed to estimate the global motion parameters and find out the undesired frames. After that, the undesired images are compensated. Finally, all frames are transformed to obtain stabilized images. Experimental results demonstrate the stabilization and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
V-grooved substrate buried heterostructure InGaAsP/InP laser (1981)

A V-grooved substrate buried-heterostructure laser emitting at 1.3 μm wavelength is described. The active layer is buried in the V-shaped groove. A CW threshold current of 10~20 mA is obtained and a far-field pattern free from irregularity and peak shift is realised. Damped relaxation oscillation and stable aging characteristics are obtained.
Investigation of the Low Temperature / High Temperature Approach to Produce Si<sub>0.5</sub>Ge<sub>0.5</sub> and Pure Ge Strain Relaxed Buffers (2016)

We have checked whether or not the Low Temperature / High Temperature approach used for pure Ge growth on Si yielded high quality Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 Strain-Relaxed Buffers (SRBs) that could serve afterwards as templates for thick Ge layers. We had, as soon as the Si 0.48 Ge 0.52 layers grown at 550°C plastically relaxed, a surface roughening which was not recovered by the 850°C growth of Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 (rms roughness: 5 nm). Thickening it with Ge at 750°C and using a Thermal Cycling yielded a slight surface roughness decrease, however (down to 4 nm). The HT Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 and pure Ge layers were slightly tensile strained. This was due to thermal expansion coefficient differences between Si and SiGe (Ge) coming into play during the cooling-down to room temperature. We had otherwise used the Ayers’ theory in order to transform the full widths at half maximum of SiGe and Ge X-Ray Diffraction omega scans into Threading Dislocations Densities. We would then have, for 60° misfit dislocations in our stacks, the following values: 3.5x10 8 cm -2 in annealed 1.7 µm thick Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 SRBs and 1.6x10 8 cm -2 in the 1.3 µm thick Ge layers on top. Those values were definitely higher than those in 1.4 µm thick, cyclically annealed pure Ge layers grown directly on Si and in the top part of ~ 6 µm thick Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 linearly graded virtual substrates.
Modulators of the Coagulation Cascade: Focus and Recent Advances in Inhibitors of Tissue Factor, Factor VIIa and their Complex (2005)

Recent developments in the field of haemostasis and thrombosis highlighted the crucial role of the tissue factor/factor VIIa complex (TF/FVIIa) in the initiation of coagulation processes. Nowadays, anticoagulant therapies involving heparin or coumarin derivatives, thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors are generally associated with side effects such as bleeding and thrombocytopenia. In this context, the inhibition of TF, FVIIa and their complex by efficient antithrombotic drugs represents a new strategy to reduce this bleeding and to prevent thrombosis events. Moreover, TF/FVIIa inhibition is shown to be useful in the treatment of biological processes independent of the clotting cascade such as angiogenesis and cancer. Among the natural and genetically engineered TF/FVIIa inhibitors, injections of the recombinant protein rNAPc2 show clinical improvements, such as reduced bleeding and thromboembolism, over classical drugs used in the therapy of coronary angioplasty and hip or knee replacement surgery. The knowledge of the 3D-structure of TF/FVIIa complex and examination of co-crystal data of some drugs bound to this complex led to the design and synthesis of numerous TF/FVIIa inhibitors. Among them, the p-amidinophenylurea 18 (Ki = 0.027 microM), the pyrimidinones PHA-927 (30, IC50 = 0.016 microM) and PHA-798 (31, IC50 = 0.014 microM) and the pyridinone 37 (IC50 = 0.052 microM) are highly potent inhibitors of the TF/FVIIa complex, deprived of activity towards thrombin (IC50 > 30-100 microM) and factor Xa (IC50 > 10-100 microM), other proteases involved in the coagulation cascade. Both pyrimidinones prevent arterial thrombosis in non-human primate models of thrombosis and represent a safe approach to anti-thrombotic therapy in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
Fabrication of magnetic tunnel junctions with a bottom synthetic antiferro-coupled free layers for high sensitive magnetic field sensor devices (2012)

Magnetic tunnel junctions with a Ni80Fe20/Ru/Co40Fe40B20 synthetic antiferro-coupled bottom free layer and an MgO barrier layer have been fabricated. Double annealing process was carried out in order to obtain linearity against magnetic field with hysteresis-free resistance response. The effect of the annealing temperature and NiFe thickness in the free layer on the magnetic field sensor performance was investigated. We have observed a very high sensitivity of 25.3%/Oe while keeping linearity.
The Uncompleted Materiality of the Void (2013)

In different traditional Japanese works of art “the Void” [ku], which is connected to Zen Buddhism, is central. The void is given a changeable shape in the Noh theatre, ink paintings, landscape gar ...
Vehicle Detection From High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery Using Convolutional Capsule Networks (2019)

Vehicle detection plays an important role in a variety of traffic-related applications. However, due to the scale and orientation variations and partial occlusions of vehicles, it is still challengeable to accurately detect vehicles from remote sensing images. This letter proposes a convolutional capsule network for detecting vehicles from high-resolution remote sensing images. First, a test image is segmented into superpixels to generate meaningful and nonredundant patches. Then, these patches are input to a convolutional capsule network to label them into vehicles or the background. Finally, nonmaximum suppression is adopted to eliminate repetitive detections. Quantitative evaluations on four test data sets show that average completeness, correctness, quality, and F1-measure of 0.93, 0.97, 0.90, and 0.95, respectively, are obtained. Comparative studies with three existing methods confirm that the proposed method effectively performs in detecting vehicles of various conditions.
Theory of a free-electron laser with a Gaussian optical undulator (1988)

A theoretical study of the possibility of a free-electron laser in the XUV and soft X-ray region of the spectrum, using a counterpropagaing CO/sub 2/ laser beam as an undulator, is presented. A one-dimensional model is used to evaluate the single-pass power gain of such a device. The detrimental effects due to the energy speed, emittance of the electron beam, and the diffraction of the electromagnetic undulator are explicitly incorporated in the formalism. An oscillator experiment is also considered. The solutions of the optical pulse evolution equation in the weak field, low gain, and long-electron-pulse regimes are all derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Marine magnetotellurics for base-of-salt mapping: Gulf of Mexico field test at the Gemini structure (2000)

Abstract A sea-floor magnetotelluric (MT) survey was conducted over the Gemini subsalt petroleum prospect in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) to demonstrate that the base of salt can be mapped using marine magnetotelluric (MMT) methods. The high contrast in electrical resistivity between the salt and the surrounding sediments provides an excellent target for MMT. The Gemini salt body, located at 28° 46′ N 88° 36′ W, is a relatively complex shape buried 2–5 km below the sea floor in 1-km-deep water. Its geometry has been previously determined using 3-D seismic prestack depth migration with well log control. In order not to confuse limitations in interpretation technique with limitations in data acquisition, numerical forward and inverse modeling guided the survey design to locate a profile that would be amenable to 2-D inversion, even though the body was clearly 3-D. The seismic imaging of the base of salt along the chosen profile is considered good, thus providing a good control for testing the MT method. In many other areas of the GOM, and indeed other portions of the Gemini structure itself, seismic imaging of the base of salt is problematic. Data were collected using autonomous sea-floor data loggers equipped with induction coil magnetic sensors and electric field sensors consisting of silver–silver chloride electrodes connected to an ac-coupled amplifier originally designed for sea-floor controlled-source studies. Nine sites of excellent quality MT responses were obtained. Smooth 2-D inversion of the data produce a confined resistive anomaly at the correct location and depth, and recently developed sharp-boundary 2-D inversion recovers base of salt in excellent agreement with the seismic models. Simple perturbation analysis shows that base of salt has been resolved to within 5–10% of burial depth.