gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Radiotracer for ImmunoPET Imaging of PD-1 Checkpoint Expression on Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (2015)

Immune checkpoint signaling through the programmed death 1 (PD-1) axis to its ligand (PD-L1) significantly dampens anti-tumor immune responses. Cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors that block this suppressive signaling have exhibited objective response rates of 20-40% for advanced solid tumors, lymphomas, and malignant melanomas. This represents a tremendous advance in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, all patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade. Recent findings suggest that patients with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) expressing PD-1 may be most likely to respond to αPD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. There is a compelling need for diagnostic and prognostic imaging tools to assess the PD-1 status of TILs in vivo. Here we have developed a novel immunoPET tracer to image PD-1 expressing TILs in a transgenic mouse model bearing melanoma. A (64)Cu labeled anti-mouse antibody (IgG) PD-1 immuno positron emission tomography (PET) tracer was developed to detect PD-1 expressing murine TILs. Quality control of the tracer showed >95% purity by HPLC and >70% immunoreactivity in an in vitro cell binding assay. ImmunoPET scans were performed over 1-48 h on Foxp3+.LuciDTR4 mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma tumors. Mice receiving anti-PD-1 tracer (200 ± 10 μCi/10-12 μg/200 μL) revealed high tracer uptake in lymphoid organs and tumors. BLI images of FoxP3(+) CD4(+) Tregs known to express PD-1 confirmed lymphocyte infiltration of tumors at the time of PET imaging. Biodistribution measurements performed at 48 h revealed a high (11×) tumor to muscle uptake ratio of the PET tracer (p < 0.05). PD-1 tumors exhibited 7.4 ± 0.7%ID/g tracer uptake and showed a 2× fold signal decrease when binding was blocked by unlabeled antibody. To the best of our knowledge this data is the first report to image PD-1 expression in living subjects with PET. This radiotracer has the potential to assess the prognostic value of PD-1 in preclinical models of immunotherapy and may ultimately aid in predicting response to therapies targeting immune checkpoints.
Electrospinning of Nanofibers in Textiles (2011)

Electrospinning of nanofibers has emerged as a specialized processing technique for the formation of sub-micron fibers, with high specific surface areas. Electrospinning of Nanofibers in Textiles presents important new research in the dynamic and emerging field of electrospinning and covers all aspects of the technology as used to produce nanofiber
Control of MEMS Vibration Modes With Pulsed Digital Oscillators—Part II: Simulation and Experimental Results (2010)

This paper extends our previous work on the selective excitation of mechanical vibration modes in MEMS devices using pulsed digital oscillators (PDOs). It begins by presenting extensive simulation results using the set of iterative maps that model the system and showing that it is possible to activate two or three spatial modes (resonances) of the mechanical structure with a PDO. The second part of this paper presents experimental results corroborating the theory and simulation results. It is shown that it is possible to separately excite vibration modes of the device by setting a few parameters of the PDO structure such as the sampling frequency and the sign of the feedback loop.
Location of Moving Targets in Substation Non-Line-of-Sight Environment (2019)

In substations, a localization system based on a wireless sensor network (WSN) is a challenge, because the propagation of the measured signal could be blocked by various devices. In other words, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, where the signal propagation path is occluded, will affect measurement accuracy. A novel localization method based on a two-step weighted least squares and a probability distribution function is proposed to reduce the influence of NLOS error on the localization result. In this method, the initial multi-group localization result is obtained by the two-step weight weighted least-squares method, and the probability distribution function of the target is constructed by using the initial localization results, which can effectively reduce the influence of the NLOS error on the localization result. The simulation and test results show that the proposed method can keep the coordinate error within 30 cm in the substation. Compared with the localization result of two-step weighted least-squares (TSWLS) method, the average localization error is reduced by more than 1 m. Compared with the other two similar algorithms, the localization accuracy is improved by more than 50%. The tested results show that the localization performance of the method is robustness in the NLOS environment of the substation. While ensuring stability, the proposed algorithm is less efficient than some existing ones. However, under the calculation conditions of ordinary computers, the average single-point calculation time is less than 0.1 s, which can meet the needs of applications in substations.
Shoal: A Network Architecture for Disaggregated Racks (2019)

Disaggregated racks comprise a dense cluster of separate pools of compute, memory and storage blades, all inter-connected through an internal network within a single rack. However, their density poses a unique challenge for the rack’s network: it needs to connect an order of magnitude more nodes than today’s racks without exceeding the rack’s fixed power budget and without compromising on performance. We present Shoal, a power-efficient yet performant intra-rack network fabric built using fast circuit switches. Such switches consume less power as they have no buffers and no packet inspection mechanism, yet can be reconfigured in nanoseconds. Rack nodes transmit according to a static schedule such that there is no in-network contention without requiring a centralized controller. Shoal’s congestion control leverages the physical fabric to achieve fairness and both bounded worst-case network throughput and queuing. We use an FPGA-based prototype, testbed experiments, and simulations to illustrate Shoal’s mechanisms are practical, and can simultaneously achieve high density and high performance: 71% lower power and comparable or higher performance than today’s network designs.
Liquid Cooled Cold Plates for Industrial High-Power Electronic Devices—Thermal Design and Manufacturing Considerations (2009)

Electronics cooling research has been largely focused on high heat flux removal from computer chips in the recent years. However, the equally important field of high-power electronic devices has been experiencing a major paradigm shift from air cooling to liquid cooling over the last decade. For example, multiple 250-W insulated-gate bipolar transistors used in a power drive for a 7000-HP motor used in pumping or in locomotive traction devices would not be sufficiently cooled with air-cooling techniques. Another example is a “hockey puck” SCR of 63 mm diameter used to drive an electric motor that could dissipate over 1500 W and is difficult to cool with air because of the shape of the device. Other devices include radio-frequency generators, industrial battery chargers, printing press thermal and humidity control equipment, traction devices, mining devices, crude oil extraction equipment, magnetic resonance imaging, and railroad engines. This article classifies the cold plates into four types: formed tube cold plate, deep drilled cold plate, machined channel cold plate, and pocketed folded-fin cold plate. The article further discusses selection of cold plate type and channel configuration, and some of the relevant manufacturing issues. It is recommended that the thermal designer be involved in the early stages during the electrical design and layout of the devices.
Variations in the Nutrition of the Canine Intervertebral Disc Induced by Motion (1983)

In this experiment study, we have investigated some transport and metabolic parameters of the canine intervertebral disc induced by spinal motion. The movements of the spine were obtained during supervised exercise, where either moderate, violent, or specific movements were performed. The results show changes in the metabolic rates as well as in concentration profiles of metabolites of the exercised groups in comparison to the control group. An increasing aerobic metabolism was noted in the outer part of the annulus and in the central part of the nucleus pulposus, resulting in a reduction of the lactate concentration. These findings do indicate that spinal movements, over a longer period of time give rise to positive nutritional variations. Furthermore, the reported changes might be of significance also for the human lumbar disc problem, since previous studies have demonstrated nutritional similarities between the discs of dogs and men.
Mouse Embryo Fibroblast (MEF) Feeder Cell Preparation (2000)

Mitotically inactive mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) are commonly used as feeder layers to prevent the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. This unit describes the isolation of MEFs and the use of g-irradiation or mitomycin C to produce inactivated feeders suitable for the culture of ES cells.
Teaching data analytics across the computing curricula (2015)

The Economist calls analytics golden vein [6], and many experts now say it is the science of winning [7]. Business and technologists have many names for this new science, business intelligence (BI), data analytics, and data mining are among the most common. For these reasons, colleges are rushing to develop curriculums, courses, and teaching methods to prepare students for this field. However teaching students this new science is challenging since it involves a variety of disciplines, and teaching to different disciplines must be done in such a manner as to focus on that discipline's main contribution to this inter-disciplinary topic. For example, the Computing Curriculum 2005 [1] provides undergraduate guidelines for five defined sub-disciplines of computing. This paper describes a general approach that was developed that provides intuitive and interactive learning of analytics core principles while also providing for extensions relevant for each discipline. That general approach is illustrated with the popular analytics affinity analysis algorithm.
Fast Polygonal Approximation of Digital Curves Using Relaxed Straightness Properties (2007)

Several existing DSS (digital straight line segment) recognition algorithms can be used to determine the digital straightness of a given one-pixel-thick digital curve. Because of the inherent geometric constraints of digital straightness, these algorithms often produce a large number of segments to cover a given digital curve representing a real-life object=image. Thus, a curve segment, which is not exactly digitally straight, but appears to be visually straight, is fragmented into multiple DSS when these algorithms are run. In this paper, a new concept of approximate straightness is introduced by relaxing certain conditions of DSS, and an algorithm is described to extract those segments from a digital curve. The number of such segments required to cover the curve is found to be significantly fewer than that of the exact DSS-cover. As a result, the data set required for representing a curve also reduces to a large extent. The extracted set of segments can further be combined to determine a compact polygonal approximation of a digital curve based on certain approximation criteria and a specified error tolerance. The proposed algorithm involves only primitive integer operations and thus runs very fast compared to those based on exact DSS. The overall time complexity becomes linear in the number of points present in the representative set. Experimental results on several digital curves demonstrate the speed, elegance and efficacy of the proposed method.
Regulation of Atmospheric O <sub>2</sub> : Feedback in the Microbial Feedbag (1996)

We know from the geological record that the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere is naturally regulated: Too much oxygen would have led to global destruction of forests by fire, but too little and any fire would have been unsustainable. But what is the mechanism of oxygen regulation? In their Perspective, Kump and Mackenzie discuss results presented in the same issue by Van Cappellen et al . ( p. 493 ) suggesting that microbes in marine sediments play a crucial role in controlling oxygen levels.
Coordinating Congestion Management and Bandwidth Sharing for Heterogeneous Data Streams (1999)

Many of the busiest servers in the Internet consist of clusters of nodes that serve out data of heterogeneous types. At a given point in time, a user could be receiving multiple concurrent data streams, both real-time and nonreal -time, that originate at a single server node, multiple nodes in the same server cluster, or nodes in separate clusters. In this paper, we argue that significant performance benefits can accrue from a coordinated approach to congestion management and bandwidth sharing across the concurrent data streams. We discuss several challenges that arise in this context and outline a coordination architecture that addresses these challenges. 1 Introduction Many of the busiest servers 1 in the Internet consist of large clusters of nodes that serve out data of heterogeneous types. The kinds of information served include text, images, and streaming audio/video. The information is typically transferred from servers to clients via unicast. This tends to be the case even f...
A unified initiative to harness Earth's microbiomes (2015)

Transition from description to causality and engineering
Dosing Time Optimizes Sustained-Release Ketoprofen Treatment of Osteoarthritis (1994)

A double-blind randomized parallel-group trial was undertaken to evaluate the influence of the dosing time of sustained-release ketoprofen (SRK) on its acceptability and efficacy. The SRK was prescribed for 2 weeks (200 mg once a day) to 117 outpatients with osteoarthritis of the knee and/or hip. One group received SRK in the morning (at 8 a.m.) and the other group in the evening (at 8 p.m.). The principal aim of the trial concerned the acceptability, whereas efficacy was its secondary aim. The principal trial criterion was defined as the number of spontaneous recordings of adverse effects. Results showed clearly that the acceptability of SRK in the SRK morning group was worse than that in the evening group (39% of patients with one or more adverse effects in the SRK morning group versus 19% in the evening group; p = 0.019). It is important to stress the difference concerning the number of adverse effects (48 for SRK morning group versus 23 for SRK evening group; p = 0.0234). The analgesic efficacy seemed to be similar, but one criterion was statistically significant: The duration of analgesic efficacy was more important for the SRK evening group than for the morning group (9.37 and 5.47 h, respectively; p = 0.001). To increase its acceptability, evening administration of SRK seems to be preferred over morning administration in osteoarthritis. However, other trials of the same type, assessing other antiinflammatory agents, are necessary before a general extrapolation of such results can be undertaken.
MetaReg: towards domain generalization using meta-regularization (2018)

Training models that generalize to new domains at test time is a problem of fundamental importance in machine learning. In this work, we encode this notion of domain generalization using a novel regularization function. We pose the problem of finding such a regularization function in a Learning to Learn (or) meta-learning framework. The objective of domain generalization is explicitly modeled by learning a regularizer that makes the model trained on one domain to perform well on another domain. Experimental validations on computer vision and natural language datasets indicate that our method can learn regularizers that achieve good cross-domain generalization.
Lift: a functional data-parallel IR for high-performance GPU code generation (2017)

Parallel patterns (e.g., map, reduce) have gained traction as an abstraction for targeting parallel accelerators and are a promising answer to the performance portability problem. However, compiling high-level programs into efficient low- level parallel code is challenging. Current approaches start from a high-level parallel IR and proceed to emit GPU code directly in one big step. Fixed strategies are used to optimize and map parallelism exploiting properties of a particular GPU generation leading to performance portability issues. We introduce the Lift IR, a new data-parallel IR which encodes OpenCL-specific constructs as functional patterns. Our prior work has shown that this functional nature simplifies the exploration of optimizations and mapping of parallelism from portable high-level programs using rewrite-rules. This paper describes how Lift IR programs are compiled into efficient OpenCL code. This is non-trivial as many performance sensitive details such as memory allocation, array accesses or synchronization are not explicitly represented in the Lift IR. We present techniques which overcome this challenge by exploiting the pattern’s high-level semantics. Our evaluation shows that the Lift IR is flexible enough to express GPU programs with complex optimizations achieving performance on par with manually optimized code.
Performance comparison of Type-1 and Type-2 fuzzy logic systems (2017)

Fuzzy Logic concepts have been applied with great success in many world applications. The majority of fuzzy logic system (FLS) so far has been used Type-1 FLS. However, Type-1 FLS cannot handle the high level of uncertainties available in the system (plant). A new concept named as interval Type-2 FLS has been developed due to its uncertainties handling capacity. In this paper, Type-1 and Type-2 FLS are developed and designed for pitch angle controlled wind energy system as an application to investigate their performance. The results show that the Type-2 fuzzy logic controller offers better performance than the Type-1 FLS.
Maximum mutual information estimation of HMM parameters for continuous speech recognition using the N-best algorithm (2002)

An application of discriminative training methods, maximum mutual information (MMI) training, to large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition is described. An algorithm is developed for efficient MMI estimation of HMM parameters, including exponential codebook coefficients, which cannot be estimated using maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Continuous speech recognition performance of the BYBLOS system on the DARPA 1000-word resource management speech corpus is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
X-ray structural analysis and thermal decomposition of 1-aza-2-silacyclobutanes: a new route to silanimine species (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTX-ray structural analysis and thermal decomposition of 1-aza-2-silacyclobutanes: a new route to silanimine speciesKohei Tamao, Yoshiki Nakagawa, and Yoshihiko ItoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 1, 218–221Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00027a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00027a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A compact low-power BiCMOS log-domain filter (1998)

A third-order Chebyshev filter based on the log-domain principle and integrated in a 1-/spl mu/m BiCMOS process is presented. It has a nominal cutoff frequency of 320 kHz corresponding to a bias current of 1 /spl mu/A, and can be frequency tuned over almost three decades up to about 10 MHz. It operates with a nominal supply voltage of 1.2 V, maintaining a dynamic range (DR) at 1% THD of 57 dB. For cutoff frequencies in the range of 10 kHz, the supply voltage can be reduced down to 0.9 V. The filter occupies an active area of 0.25 mm/sup 2/ and dissipates 23 /spl mu/W, corresponding to a power consumption per pole and edge frequency of only 24 pJ. These results demonstrate the potential of log-domain filters for very low-voltage and low-power applications.
Characterization of an expanded-field Schwarzschild objective for extreme ultraviolet lithography (1994)

The performance of a new 10×-reduction Schwarzschild system for projection imaging at 13.4 nm wavelength is reported. The optical design is optimized to achieve 0.1 μm resolution over a 0.4 mm image field of view, an increase in area of a factor of 100 over previous designs. An offset aperture, located on the convex primary, defines an unobscured 0.08 numerical aperture. The system is illuminated using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation emitted from a laser plasma source and collected by an ellipsoidal condenser. A 45° turning mirror is used to relay the collected EUV radiation onto a near-normal reflecting mask. Multiple sets of primary and secondary elements were fabricated, matched, and clocked to minimize the effects of small figure errors on imaging performance. Optical metrology indicates that the wave-front error within the subaperture used is within a factor of 2 of the design value. Images recorded in poly(methyl methacrylate) and ZEP 520 (Nippon Zeon) resists reveal good imaging fidelity over much of the 0.4 mm field with equal line/space gratings being resolved to 0.1 μm.
Ion source for ion beam deposition employing a novel electrode assembly (2000)

A rf inductively coupled ion source employing a novel electrode assembly for focusing a broad ion beam on a relatively small target area was developed. The primary application of this ion source is the deposition of thin films used in the fabrication of magnetic sensors and optical devices. The ion optics consists of a three-electrode set of multiaperture concave dished grids with a beam extraction diameter of 150 mm. Also described is a variation in the design providing a beam extraction diameter of 120 mm. Grid hole diameters and grid spacing were optimized for low beamlet divergence and low grid impingement currents. The radius of curvature of the grids was optimized to obtain an optimally focused ion beam at the target location. A novel grid fabrication and mounting design was employed which overcomes typical limitations of such grid assemblies, particularly in terms of maintaining optimum beam focusing conditions after multiple cycles of operation. Ion beam generation with argon and xenon gases in energy ranges from 0.3 to 2.0 keV was characterized. For operation with argon gas, beam currents greater than 0.5 A were obtained with a beam energy of 800 eV. At optimal beam formation conditions, beam profiles at distances about equal to the radius of curvature were found to be close to Gaussian, with 99.9% of the beam current located within a 150 mm target diameter. Repeatability of the beam profile over long periods of operation is also reported.