gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Microspectrophotometry to Characterize Microscopic Amounts of Blood (1986)

The use of a Nanospec 10 S microspectrophotometer to examine minute bloodstains is discussed. To satisfy criteria for chemical identity, absorption spectra were recorded before and after treatment of the blood with Takayama reagent. The technique is of value where only tiny particulate bloodstains are available for testing and in other specialized instances.
Identification of aberrant cell cycle regulation in Epstein&ndash;Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma by cDNA microarray and gene set enrichment analysis (2009)

Previous studies have revealed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to characterize the global pathways affected in the EBV-associated NPC. Combined with microdissection, gene expression profiles in 22 NPCs and 10 non-tumor nasopharyngeal epithelial (NPE) tissue samples were analyzed. All NPC specimens served in the microarray analysis were positive for EBV, as judged by identification of the expression of EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). Through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found that cell cycle pathway was the most disregulated pathway in NPC (P=0.000, false discovery rate q-value=0.007), which included some aberrant expressed components. We first found that overexpression of CDK4, cyclin D1, and Rb proteins, and loss of expression of proteins p16, p27, and p19 were statistically significant in NPC tissues compared with non-cancerous NPE (P<0.05) by real-time RT-PCR and tissue microarray. EBV-encoded small RNA-1 (EBER-1) hybridization signals in the NPC showed significant associations with the overexpression of Rb (P=0.000), cyclin D1 (P=0.000), CDK4 (P=0.000), and the loss of expression of p16 proteins (P=0.039). In the final logistic regression analysis model, EBER-1 and abnormal expression of p16, Rb, cyclin D1, and E2F6 were independent contributions to nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Through survival analysis, only cyclin D1 could predict the prognosis of NPC patients. These results suggested that cell cycle pathway was the most disregulated pathway in the EBV-associated NPC, and EBER-1 was closely associated with p16, CDK4, cyclin D1, and Rb.cyclin D1 could be the prognosis biomarker for NPC.
EFFECT OF STIMULUS PARAMETERS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEIZURES BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN THE KAINATE ANIMAL MODEL (2011)

Preliminary results from animal and clinical studies demonstrate that electrical stimulation of brain structures can reduce seizure frequency in patients with refractory epilepsy. Since most researchers derive stimulation parameters by trial and error, it is unclear what stimulation frequency, amplitude and duration constitutes a set of optimal stimulation parameters for aborting seizure activity in a given patient. In this investigation, we begin to quantify the independent effects of stimulation parameters on electrographic seizures, such that they could be used to develop an efficient closed-loop prosthesis that intervenes before the clinical onset of a seizure and seizure generalization. Biphasic stimulation is manually delivered to the hippocampus in response to a visually detected electrographic seizure. Such focal, responsive stimulation allows for anti-seizure treatment delivery with improved temporal and spatial specificity over conventional open-loop stimulation paradigms, with the possibility of avoiding tissue damage stemming from excessive exposure to electrical stimulation. We retrospectively examine the effects of stimulation frequency (low, medium and high), pulse-width (low and high) and amplitude (low and high) in seizures recorded from 23 kainic acid treated rats. We also consider the effects of total charge delivered and the rate of charge delivery, and identify stimulation parameter sets that induce after-discharges or more seizures. Among the stimulation parameters evaluated, we note 2 major findings. First, stimulation frequency is a key parameter for inhibiting seizure activity; the anti-seizure effect cannot be attributed to only the charge delivered per phase. Second, an after-discharge curve shows that as the frequency and pulse-width of stimulation increases, smaller pulse amplitudes are capable of eliciting an after-discharge. It is expected that stimulation parameter optimization will lead to devices with enhanced treatment efficacies and reduced side-effect profiles, especially when used in conjunction with seizure prediction or detection algorithms in a closed-loop control application.
Gridless optical networking field trial: flexible spectrum switching, defragmentation and transport of 10G/40G/100G/555G over 620-km field fiber (2011)

We present results from the first gridless networking field trial with flexible spectrum switching nodes and 620 km of installed fibre links. Signals at 10G, 12.25G, 42.7G, DP-QPSK 40G, DP-QPSK 100G and 555G are generated, successfully transported and switched using flexible, custom spectrum allocation per channel. Spectrum defragmentation is demonstrated using integrated SOA-MZI wavelength converters. Results show error-free end-to-end performance (BER<1e-9) for the OOK channels and good pre-FEC BER performance with sufficient margin to FEC limit for the 40G and 100G coherent channels as well as for the 555G super-channel.
Induction of Apoptosis and Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice in Response to Ligation of Fas Antigen (1997)

Fas antigen is a cell surface protein that mediates apoptosis, and it is expressed in various cells and tissues. Fas ligand binds to its receptor Fas, thus inducing apoptosis of Fas-bearing cells. Malfunction of the Fas-Fas ligand system causes lymphoproliferative disorders and autoimmune diseases, whereas its exacerbation may cause tissue destruction. We hypothesize that excessive apoptosis mediated by Fas-Fas ligand interaction may damage alveolar epithelial cells and result in pulmonary fibrosis. Mice were allowed to inhale repeatedly an aerosolized anti-Fas antibody for 14 days. The nuclei of bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were positively stained by in situ DNA nick end labeling. Electron microscopy demonstrated apoptotic changes in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. Histologic findings and hydroxyproline content showed the development of pulmonary fibrosis, which was dependent on the dose of anti-Fas antibody. The repeated inhalation of control antibody (isotype-matched control hamster IgG) did not induce apoptosis of epithelial cells or pulmonary fibrosis. The expression of TGF-beta mRNA was upregulated from day 7 to day 28 in lung tissues of anti-Fas antibody-treated mice but not in those of control mice. In this report, we present the evidence that repeated inhalation of anti-Fas antibody mimicking Fas-Fas ligand crosslinking induces excessive apoptosis and inflammation, which results in pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
Structural and Photocatalytic Activity of Lanthanide (Ce, Pr, and Nd) Molybdovanadates (2007)

Lanthanide (Ce, Pr, and Nd) molybdovanadates were synthesized by the solid-state method. These compounds crystallize in the tetragonal space group I41/amd with a = b = 7.3750 (4) and c = 6.4867 (4) Å and Z = 4. The crystal structure has been analyzed by FTIR, UV−visible spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. Particle sizes are in the range of 300−400 nm as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis suggests the formation of Ln0.95Mo0.15V0.85O4 (Ln = Ce, Pr, and Nd) and the Rietveld refinements of the powder X-ray data substantiate this observation. Thermal analysis of these solids shows stability of the phase up to 800 °C. These materials were investigated for photocatalytic activity by degrading different dyes such as methylene blue(MB), orange G (OG), Rhodamine B (RB), Rhodamine Blue (RBL) Alizarine Red S (ARS), and Remazol brilliant blue (RBBR) under solar and UV irradiation since they exhibited lower band gaps. The degradation rates for all the dyes show enhancement as compared to the commercial titania catalyst, Degussa P-25, both in UV and sunlight. These compounds degrade chlorinated phenols much faster than titania, which indicates selectivity toward chloro substitution.
Synthesis and biological properties of 3‐methyl‐10‐propargyl‐5,8‐dideazafolic acid (1989)

Abstract The synthesis of N 3 ‐methyl‐10‐propargyl‐5,8‐dideazafolic acid ( 1b ) is described. Ring closure of methyl‐5‐methylanthranilate with chloroformamidine hydrochloride gave a high yield of pure 2‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylquinazoline treatment of which with iodomethane/sodium hydroxide provided the corresponding 3‐methylquinazoline (6) which was converted to its 2‐pivaloylamino derivative. This synthetic approach, next involving functionalisation of the 6‐methyl group, was not further pursued because of difficulty encountered in removing the pivaloyl group. Methyl 5‐methylanthranilate was treated with p ‐toluenesulfonyl chloride and the product then N ‐methylated. The tosyl group was cleaved with hydrogen bromide/phenol and the resulting methylamine ring‐closed with chloroformamidine hydrochloride to provide 2‐amino‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,6‐dimethyl‐4‐oxoquinazoline ( 11 ). The 2‐pivaloylamino derivative of 11 was prone to hydrolytic deamination when attempts were made to remove the pivaloyl group and further elaboration of this heterocycle, with the intention of obtaining N 1 ‐methyl‐10‐propargyl‐5,8‐dideazafolic acid was, too, not attempted. Di‐ t ‐butyl N ‐(4‐propargylamino)benzoyl)‐L‐glutamate was therefore prepared and coupled with 2‐amino‐6‐bromomethyl‐4‐hydroxyquinazoline hydrobromide. The resulting antifolate diester was N ‐monomethylated. Removal of the t ‐butyl groups with trifluoracetic acid afforded the target compound 1b and its structure was proved by degradation to the quinazoline 6 . Its IC 50 for L1210 thymidylate synthase (TS) was 26 μ M ; the control value for 10‐propargyl‐5,8‐dideazafolic acid ( 1a ) was 0.02 μM. Thus the substitution of the lactam hydrogen in 1a by a methyl group reduced the TS inhibition by 1300‐fold. Compound 1b was poorly cytotoxic to L1210 cells in culture (ID 50 > 100 μM). An unperturbed lactam group in this class of antifolate is important for binding to TS.
Reconfigurable SIMD massively parallel computers (1991)

This paper is a brief introduction to a new class of computers, the reconfigurable massively parallel computer. Its most distinguishing feature is the utilization of the reconfigurability of the interconnection network to establish a network topology well mapped to the algorithm communication graph so that higher efficiency can be achieved, and to remove faulty processors from the network so that the system operation can be kept uninterrupted while maintaining the same or slightly degraded efficiency. Several existing reconfigurable single instruction multiple data (SIMD) parallel architectures and their reconfiguration mechanism are described, the effectiveness of algorithm mapping, through reconfiguration, is demonstrated, and fault-tolerant schemes via reconfiguration are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The value of preoperative planning for total hip arthroplasty (1998)

To analyse the value and accuracy of preoperative planning for total hip replacement (THR) we digitised electronically and compared the hand-sketched preoperative plans with the pre- and postoperative radiographs of 100 consecutive primary THRs. The correct type of prosthesis was planned in 98%; the agreement between planned and actually used components was 92% on the femoral side and 90% on the acetabular side. The mean (+/- SD) absolute difference between the planned and actual position of the centre of rotation of the hip was 2.5 +/- 1.1 mm vertically and 4.4 +/- 2.1 mm horizontally. On average, the inclination of the acetabular component differed by 7 +/- 2 degrees and anteversion by 9 +/- 3 degrees from the preoperative plans. The mean postoperative leg-length difference was 0.3 +/- 0.1 cm clinically and 0.2 +/- 0.1 cm radiologically. More than 80% of intraoperative difficulties were anticipated. Preoperative planning is of significant value for the successful performance of THR.
Advanced fluorescent nanotracers: a broad field of application (2008)

Optical and magnetic nanoparticles are both attractive fields of investigation which are gaining in importance due to their potential markets e.g. polymer nano-composite, colloidal dispersion, environmental monitoring or biomedical diagnostics, etc. A very large set of fluorescent particles can be bought or synthesized thanks to recent progress in nanotechnologies. Their diameter, their surface functionalization, their spectral signature can be tailored for specific applications. This article describes the interesting potentiality for tracing nanoparticles into three different applications such as the monitoring of the distribution of nanocharges in polymer composites, the characterization of colloidal stability of sols in liquids of various polarity and finally, the colloidal transport in porous media. In all the case, nanotracers may be constituted by engineered fluorescent particles chemically and structurally similar to the colloids of interest.
Successfully applying software metrics (1994)

The word success is very powerful. It creates strong, but widely varied, images that may range from the final seconds of an athletic contest to a graduation ceremony to the loss of 10 pounds. Success makes us feel good; it's cause for celebration. All these examples of success are marked by a measurable end point, whether externally or self-created. Most of us who create software approach projects with some similar idea of success. Our feelings from project start to end are often strongly influenced by whether we spent any early time describing this success and how we might measure progress. Software metrics measure specific attributes of a software product or a software development process. In other words, they are measures of success. It's convenient to group the ways that we apply metrics to measure success into four areas. What do you need to measure and analyze to make your project a success? We show examples from many projects and Hewlett Packard divisions which may help you chart your course.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evidences for supramolecular organization of nucleopeptides: synthesis, spectroscopic and biological studies of a novel dithymine <scp>l</scp> -serine tetrapeptide (2011)

This work concerns a dithymine tetrapeptide, which can be seen as a new analogue of a dinucleoside monophosphate, made of both unfunctionalized and thymine-containing L-serine units alternated in the sequence. The new nucleopeptide was obtained on the solid phase by two different synthetic strategies. The first one is suitable to easily realize nucleopeptides with homonucleobase sequences, obtained by assembling an oligoserine backbone and then simultaneously coupling the free serine hydroxyl groups with the carboxymethylated nucleobase. The other strategy, which makes use of a Fmoc-protected nucleo-L-serine monomer, allows for the obtainment of nucleopeptides with mixed nucleobase sequences. CD spectroscopic studies and laser light scattering experiments, performed on solutions of the novel nucleopeptide, suggested the formation of supramolecular networks based on the self-assembly of the dithymine tetrapeptide molecules. Furthermore, CD binding studies with natural nucleic acids revealed a very weak interaction between the nucleopeptide and DNA (but not RNA). Molecular networks based on this biodegradable and water-soluble nucleopeptide, which is more resistant in plasma than standard tetrapeptides (and oligopeptides), contain a hydrophobic core which could provide the necessary environment to incorporate poorly water-soluble drugs, as evidenced by fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, our studies evidenced that the structure of the tetrapeptide-based supramolecular assembly can be modified by metal ions as evidenced by UV interaction studies with Cu(2+).
Chemical synthesis of 5′-pyrophosphate and triphosphate derivatives of 3′–5′ ApA, ApG, GpA and GpG. CD study of the effect of 5′-phosphate groups on the conformation of 3′–5′ GpG (1978)

A simple, two-step method is described for the synthesis of the 5'-pyro- and triphosphate derivatives of 3'-5' ApA, ApG, GpA and GpG. The readily accessible 2'(3')-5' ApA, ApG, GpA and GpG were converted in one step to the corresponding 5'-phosphoramidate derivatives which were then transformed to the 5'-pyro- and triphosphates. CD spectra of 3'-5' pn GpG (n = 0,1,2 or 3) derivatives, measured at pH 1, indicated stabilization of the (syn) G+p (anti)G conformation by the 5'-phosphate groups.
Anthropometric Prediction of Total Body Water in Children Who Are on Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis (2005)

Accurate estimation of total body water (TBW) is a critical component of dialysis prescription in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Gold-standard isotope dilution techniques are laborious and costly; therefore, anthropometric prediction equations that are based on height and weight are commonly used to estimate TBW. Equations have been established in healthy populations, but their validity is unclear in children who undergo PD, in whom altered states of hydration and other confounding alterations in normal physiology, particularly retarded growth and pubertal delay, may exist. TBW was measured by heavy water (H2O18 or D2O) dilution in 64 pediatric patients who were aged 1 mo to 23 yr and receiving chronic PD in the United States and Germany to establish and validate population-specific anthropometric TBW prediction equations and to compare the predictive power of these equations with formulas that have been established in healthy children. The best-fitting equations are as follows: For boys, TBW = 0.10 x (HtWt)0.68 - 0.37 x weight; for girls, TBW = 0.14 x (HtWt)0.64 - 0.35 x weight. The height x weight parameter also predicts body surface area (BSA). These equations can be simplified, with slightly less precision, to the following: For boys, TBW = 20.88 x BSA - 4.29; for girls, TBW = 16.92 x BSA - 1.81. TBW is predicted without systematic deviations and equally well in boys and girls, North American and European, obese and nonobese, growth-retarded and normally sized, and pre- and postpubertal children. In contrast, previous anthropometric equations that were derived from healthy children systematically overpredicted TBW and were less precise in this pediatric PD population. In summary, a new set of anthropometric TBW prediction equations that are suited specifically for use in pediatric PD patients have been provided.
Photophone performance (1976)

A photophone consisting of a light guiding fiber, an absorption cell containing charred cotton suspended in air, an exponentially tapered tube, and a standard earpiece volume has been made and tested. The pressure in the earpiece versus the frequency in the 300–3300-Hz telephone band for a given optical power input agrees well with the theory of the preceding paper. We conclude that the charred cotton suspended in air can be treated simply as light-absorbing air. Measurements were also made on a photophone which included an air column equalizer to resonate with the absorption cell in order to flatten the frequency response. The high-frequency (1500–3300 Hz) response was enhanced as expected thought not quite as much as predicted. Subject Classification: [43]85.76, [43]85.40, [43]85.60.
Radio-protective effect of vitamin E on spermatogenesis in mice exposed to gamma-irradiation: a flow cytometric study. (2004)

The administration of VE prior to irradiation protects spermatogenic cells from radiation.
A Hot-Polymer Fiber Fabry–Perot Interferometer Anemometer for Sensing Airflow (2017)

This work proposes the first hot-polymer fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (HPFFPI) anemometer for sensing airflow. The proposed HPFFPI is based on a single-mode fiber (SMF) endface that is attached to a UV-cured polymer to form an ultracompact fiber Fabry-Perot microcavity. The proposed polymer microcavity was heated using a low-cost chip resistor with a controllable dc driving power to achieve a desired polymer's steady-state temperature (T) that exceeds the T of the surrounding environment. The polymer is highly sensitive to variations of T with high repeatability. When the hot polymer was cooled by the measured flowing air, the wavelength fringes of its optical spectra shifted. The HPFFPI anemometers have been experimentally evaluated for different cavity lengths and heating power values. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HPFFPI responses well in terms of airflow measurement. A high sensitivity of 1.139 nm/(m/s) and a good resolution of 0.0088 m/s over the 0~2.54 m/s range of airflow were achieved with a cavity length of 10 μm and a heating power of 0.402 W.
The carbon analogues of type-I silicon clathrates (2001)

In this paper we present a survey on the structure and equation of state for some silicon clathrates and their carbon analogues, as obtained by means of ab initio calculations within the Hartree–Fock approximation. We restrict our consideration to type-I clathrates, namely Mx(Si, C)46, with M = Na, Ba. The insertion of guest species into the carbon clathrate cages promotes a significant increase in the host volume, thus reducing the bulk modulus for these compounds. In spite of that, the estimated hardness for C46, of about 61 GPa, constitutes an exceptionally large value for a structure with such an open framework. The issue of electronic charge transference from the guest species to the host framework and the stability of carbon and silicon clathrates relative to the diamond phase are also discussed.
Feeding in the Larvae of the Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta:1 Behavior and Morphological Adaptations (1978)

Adult workers of the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, feed liquid foods, including sucrose and soybean oil, to larvae of all instars, and feed solid proteinaceous foods only to the 4th instars. Solid foods, including undamaged fire ant eggs, experimentally placed on larvae, are ingested only by 4th instars. Workers place solid food, of a specific size range, on the antero ventral region of 4th instars. This region bears specialized hairs and spines which hold solid food while the larvae feed on it. The relationship of larval feeding to a possible method of fire ant control is discussed.
ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE OF ASCOFURANONE AND ASCOFRANOL, ANTIBIOTICS WITH HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY (1973)

A new antibiotic with hypolipidemic activity, ascofuranone, C23H29C1O5, and related substance, ascofuranol, C23H31C1O5, were isolated from the filter cake of the fermented broth of Ascochyta viciae LIBERT, an ascochlorin-producing fungus, and their structures were elucidated. They possess 3-substituted-5-chloro-orcylaldehyde moiety with novel sesquiterpenyl side chains.