gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduling Real-time Transactions: a Performance Evaluation (1988)

This thesis has six chapters. Chapter 1 motivates the thesis by describing the characteristics of real-time database systems and the problems of scheduling transactions with deadlines. We also present a short survey of related work and discuss how this thesis has contributed to the state of the art.
In Chapter 2 we develop a new family of algorithms for scheduling real-time transactions. Our algorithms have four components: a policy to manage overloads, a policy for scheduling the CPU, a policy for scheduling access to data, i.e., concurrency control and a policy for scheduling I/O requests on a disk device.
In Chapter 3, our scheduling algorithms are evaluated via simulation. Our chief result is that real-time scheduling algorithms can perform significantly better than a conventional non real-time algorithm. In particular, the Least Slack (static evaluation) policy for scheduling the CPU, combined with the Wait Promote policy for concurrency control, produces the best overall performance.
In Chapter 4 we develop a new set of algorithms for scheduling disk I/O requests with deadlines. Our model assumes the existence of a real-time database system which assigns deadlines to individual read and write requests. We also propose new techniques for handling requests without deadlines and requests with deadlines simultaneously. This approach greatly improves the performance of the algorithms and their ability to minimize missed deadlines.
In Chapter 5 we evaluate the I/O scheduling algorithms using detailed simulation. Our chief result is that real-time disk scheduling algorithms can perform better than conventional algorithms. In particular, our algorithm FD-SCAN was found to be very effective across a wide range of experiments.
Finally, in Chapter 6 we summarize our conclusions and discuss how this work has contributed to the state of the art. Also, we briefly explore some interesting new directions for continuing this research.
Burden of Coronary Artery Disease and Peripheral Artery Disease: A Literature Review (2019)

CAD and PAD represent a substantial humanistic and economic burden worldwide, highlighting a need for new interventions to reduce the incidence of atherothrombotic disease.
A Wavelet-Based Digital Watermarking for Video (2009)

A novel video watermarking system operating in the three dimensional wavelet transform is here presented. Specifically the video sequence is partitioned into spatio temporal units and the single shots are projected onto the 3D wavelet domain. First a grayscale watermark image is decomposed into a series of bitplanes that are preprocessed with a random location matrix. After that the preprocessed bitplanes are adaptively spread spectrum and added in 3D wavelet coefficients of the video shot. Our video watermarking algorithm is robust against the attacks of frame dropping, averaging and swapping. Furthermore, it allows blind retrieval of embedded watermark which does not need the original video and the watermark is perceptually invisible. The algorithm design, evaluation, and experimentation of the proposed scheme are described in this paper.
The renal lesion in syndromes of multiple congenital malformations. Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome; Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy; tuberous sclerosis; Meckel syndrome. (1974)

Renal malformations in cerebrohepatorenal and the Jeune syndromes are variable, encompassing both focal cystic change and severe cystic dysplasia. Morphologic differences might reflect either genetic heterogeneity or injury to the kidney by an underlying metabolic defect at differing times in renal development. The renal lesion in the Meckel syndrome is cystic dysplasia with markedly defective nephronic differentiation. A histologically distinctive cystic tubular lesion is identified in tuberous sclerosis. These lesions must be differentiated from infantile and adult polycystic disease.
Regulation of the expression of <i>rbc</i>S and other photosynthetic genes by carbohydrates: a mechanism for the ‘sink regulation’ of photosynthesis? (1993)

Summary These experiments were carried out to investigate whether accumulation of carbohydrate leads to decreased expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. Addition of glucose to autotrophic cell suspension cultures of Chenopodium led to a large and reversible decrease of the steady state transcript levels of rbcS, cab and atp‐& within 5 h, but did not decrease 18S rRNA or transcript for two glycolytic enzymes. Run‐on transcription in isolated nuclei showed that transcription rate had been decreased. [ 35 S]Methionine feeding showed that de novo synthesis of Rubisco was inhibited. Decreased rbc S transcript was also found after feeding glucose to detached leaves, and in transgenic plants expressing invertase in the apoplast to inhibit phloem transport, and in leaves on intact tobacco and potato plants which were cold‐girdled to decrease export. The decrease of rbc S transcript level occurred within 12 h of coldgirdling. Comparison of carbohydrate content and rbc S transcript level indicated that carbohydrate content per se is not the direct signal for regulation of gene expression. Feeding of transported analogues indicates that metabolism rather than transport of the sugars is required. Over‐expression of rbc S was found in low CO 2 , again indicating metabolic control of expression. It is proposed that photosynthetic gene expression is inhibited by metabolic factors related to high carbohydrate content, and that this represents a basic mechanism for the ‘sink regulation’ of photo‐synthesis.
Crosslinked polymer gels for boron extraction derived fromN-glucidol-N-methyl-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2000)

Glycidyl methacrylate was reacted in 2-methyl pyrrolidone solution with N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMG) to produce N-D-glucidol, N-methyl-2-hydroxy propyl methacrylate (GMHP). The reaction proceeded exclusively via ring opening of the oxirane. The resulting vinyl monomer was a waxy product and soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, DMF, and NMP. Copolymerization of GMHP with N,N′-tetraallyl piperazinium dichloride by the inverse suspension method (water in oil), using a toluene/chloroform (3 : 1) mixture as continuous phase, led to crosslinked hydrogels in imperfect bead form. Crosslinking was also achieved without using additional crosslinker. Heating of N-methyl-D-glucamine with 10% excess of glycidyl methacrylate in NMP at 60°C for 4 h, resulting the formation of N-methyl-D-glucamine carrying two methacrylate groups. These dimethacrylate groups serve as a crosslinking agents. In situ redox polymerization of the mixture in water led to transparent hydrogels. These hydrogels in the swollen state have been demonstrated to be very efficient sorbents for the removal of boron on ppm levels. The boron loaded polymers can be regenerated by simple acid (0.1 M HCl) and base (0.1 M NaOH) treatment.
Mechanism of the cleavage specificity of Alzheimer’s disease γ-secretase identified by phenylalanine-scanning mutagenesis of the transmembrane domain of the amyloid precursor protein (1999)

Proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein by beta-secretase yields A4CT (C99), which is cleaved further by the as yet unknown gamma-secretase, yielding the beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide with 40 (Abeta40) or 42 residues (Abeta42). Because the position of gamma-secretase cleavage is crucial for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, we individually replaced all membrane-domain residues of A4CT outside the Abeta domain with phenylalanine, stably transfected the constructs in COS7 cells, and determined the effect of these mutations on the cleavage specificity of gamma-secretase (Abeta42/Abeta40 ratio). Compared with wild-type A4CT, mutations at Val-44, Ile-47, and Val-50 led to decreased Abeta42/Abeta40 ratios, whereas mutations at Thr-43, Ile-45, Val-46, Leu-49, and Met-51 led to increased Abeta42/Abeta40 ratios. A massive effect was observed for I45F (34-fold increase) making this construct important for the generation of animal models for Alzheimer's disease. Unlike the other mutations, A4CT-V44F was processed mainly to Abeta38, as determined by mass spectrometry. Our data provide a detailed model for the active site of gamma-secretase: gamma-secretase interacts with A4CT by binding to one side of the alpha-helical transmembrane domain of A4CT. Mutations in the transmembrane domain of A4CT interfere with the interaction between gamma-secretase and A4CT and, thus, alter the cleavage specificity of gamma-secretase.
Start up of a Dual Beam FIB for Automatic STEM Sample Preparation (2009)

Abstract This paper deals primarily with the difficulties and solutions to STEM sample preparation. The dual beam focused ion beam (DBFIB) whole wafer platforms often come with scripting features which allow the tool to operate with a high level of automation. The main focus of the paper is on the variety of challenges which are encountered in trying to implement automated STEM and TEM sample fabrication with minimal operator input and the engineering solutions implemented to overcome the challenges. The paper demonstrates that the challenges with making STEM and TEM samples in a highly automated fashion by DBFIB, while difficult, are not insurmountable. It has highlighted a mechanical issue with the ion aperture motor mechanism, which required extensive troubleshooting to fully diagnose and correct. A long standing software routine had to be modified to fully enable script automation by extending the beam dwell time of the automatic brightness contrast routine.
Pancreatic and synovial type phospholipases A2 in serum samples from patients with severe acute pancreatitis. (1993)

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is the rate limiting enzyme in the formation of prostaglandins and probably plays a key part in the pathology of various inflammatory diseases. In acute pancreatitis, the catalytic activity of PLA2 in serum correlates with the severity of the disease. The cellular source of the catalytically active PLA2 in serum of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis and other diseases is unknown. Immunoassays for the measurement of pancreatic group I PLA2 and nonpancreatic synovial type group II PLA2 have recently been developed and the present study investigated the presence of group I and group II PLA2s in serum samples from 36 patients with severe acute pancreatitis. The catalytic activity of PLA2 showed a highly significant correlation with the concentration of synovial type PLA2 (r = 0.939, p = 0.001) but not with the concentration of pancreatic PLA2 (r = 0.067, p = 0.698). The results suggest that pancreatic PLA2 circulates mostly as inactive enzyme in patients with acute pancreatitis whereas synovial type PLA2 is responsible for the increased catalytic activity of the enzyme and thus might be associated with the pathophysiology of the disease.
Reverse Pass-Through VR (2021)

We introduce reverse pass-through VR, wherein a three-dimensional view of the wearer’s eyes is presented to multiple outside viewers in a perspective-correct manner, with a prototype headset containing a world-facing light field display. This approach, in conjunction with existing video (forward) pass-through technology, enables more seamless interactions between people with and without headsets in social or professional contexts. Reverse pass-through VR ties together research in social telepresence and copresence, autostereoscopic displays, and facial capture to enable natural eye contact and other important non-verbal cues in a wider range of interaction scenarios.
Learning Simple Algorithms from Examples (2015)

We present an approach for learning simple algorithms such as copying, multi-digit addition and single digit multiplication directly from examples. Our framework consists of a set of interfaces, accessed by a controller. Typical interfaces are 1-D tapes or 2-D grids that hold the input and output data. For the controller, we explore a range of neural network-based models which vary in their ability to abstract the underlying algorithm from training instances and generalize to test examples with many thousands of digits. The controller is trained using $Q$-learning with several enhancements and we show that the bottleneck is in the capabilities of the controller rather than in the search incurred by $Q$-learning.
Characterization of the inhibition of tissue factor in serum (1987)

Tissue factor (TF) is a lipoprotein cofactor that markedly enhances the proteolytic activation of factors IX and X by factor VIIa. The functional activity of TF is inhibited by serum in a time- and temperature-dependent fashion. The inhibitory effect is also dependent on the presence of calcium ions and can be reversed by calcium chelation (EDTA) and dilution, thus excluding direct proteolytic destruction of TF as the mechanism for inhibition. Using crude TF, serum immunodepleted of factor VII, and serum depleted of the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors by BaSO4 absorption, it is shown that TF factor inhibition requires the presence of VII(a), X(a), and an additional moiety contained in barium-absorbed serum. When each of the other required components were at saturating concentrations, half-maximal inhibition of TF occurred in reaction mixtures containing 2% (vol/vol) of TF at a factor VII(a) concentration of 4 ng/mL (80 pmol/L), a factor X concentration of 50 ng/mL (850 pmol/L), and a concentration of barium-absorbed serum of 2.5% (vol/vol). Catalytically active factor Xa appeared to be required for the generation of optimal TF inhibition. The results are consistent with the conclusions of Hjort that barium-absorbed serum contains a moiety that inhibits the VIIa-Ca2+-TF complex. The role of factor X(a) in the generation of the inhibitory phenomenon remains to be elucidated. The inhibitor present in serum (plasma) may in part be produced by the liver in vivo since cultured human hepatoma cells (HepG2) secrete this inhibitory activity in vitro.
Production and characterization of mammary-derived growth factor 1 in mammary epithelial cell lines (1992)

A mammary-derived growth factor, MDGF1, which stimulates collagen synthesis and proliferation in mammary epithelial cells was previously detected and purified from human milk and primary human breast tumors. MDGF1 binds to putative cell-surface receptors of 120-140 kDa and stimulates proliferation of normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells. Partial protein sequence (N-terminal 18 amino acid sequence) shows that MDGF1 has no homology to any other known growth-promoting peptides. Polyclonal antiserum raised against this synthetic peptide recognizes native milk-derived MDGF1. We hypothesize that MDGF1 might be an autocrine or paracrine factor produced by and acting on normal and malignant human breast epithelial cells possessing MDGF1 receptors. As a first step in testing this possibility, we examined whether human breast epithelial cells in culture produce the growth factor. A protein with the size of MDGF1 was immunologically detected in the concentrated conditioned medium prepared from human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231, the mammary-derived but nontumorigenic HBL-100 line, and the normal reduction mammoplasty-derived, nonimmortalized 184 cell strain. A competitive radioreceptor assay (RRA) was used to estimate the level of MDGF1 in the conditioned medium. MDGF1 was present in the nanogram range per 1 million cells. A 62-kDa protein was detected in the above cell lysates by Western immunoblotting or by immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled cell-conditioned media. The polyclonal antisera directed against the 18 amino acid peptide sequence from milk-derived MDGF1 could adsorb MDGF1 biological activity from conditioned medium. In vitro translation of cell mRNA yielded a protein of 55 kDa which was immunoprecipitated by anti-MDGF1 antibody.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Including Uncertainty when Learning from Human Corrections (2018)

It is difficult for humans to efficiently teach robots how to correctly perform a task. One intuitive solution is for the robot to iteratively learn the human's preferences from corrections, where the human improves the robot's current behavior at each iteration. When learning from corrections, we argue that while the robot should estimate the most likely human preferences, it should also know what it does not know, and integrate this uncertainty as it makes decisions. We advance the state-of-the-art by introducing a Kalman filter for learning from corrections: this approach obtains the uncertainty of the estimated human preferences. Next, we demonstrate how the estimate uncertainty can be leveraged for active learning and risk-sensitive deployment. Our results indicate that obtaining and leveraging uncertainty leads to faster learning from human corrections.
Optical associative memory with nonzero diagonal interconnection matrix based on electron trapping materials (1989)

Summary form only given, as follows. A theoretical analysis and an architecture for an optical associative memory retrieval system using electron trapping materials are presented. The model of an optical associative memory may be derived from Hopfield's model of a neural network with nonzero diagonal terms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Distributed Circuit Modeling of Galvanic and Capacitive Coupling for Intrabody Communication (2012)

Modeling of intrabody communication (IBC) entails the understanding of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and living tissues. At the same time, an accurate model can provide practical hints toward the deployment of an efficient and secure communication channel for body sensor networks. In the literature, two main IBC coupling techniques have been proposed: galvanic and capacitive coupling. Nevertheless, models that are able to emulate both coupling approaches have not been reported so far. In this paper, a simple model based on a distributed parameter structure with the flexibility to adapt to both galvanic and capacitive coupling has been proposed. In addition, experimental results for both coupling methods were acquired by means of two harmonized measurement setups. The model simulations have been subsequently compared with the experimental data, not only to show their validity but also to revise the practical frequency operation range for both techniques. Finally, the model, along with the experimental results, has also allowed us to provide some practical rules to optimally tackle IBC design.
Sacroiliac Joint Radiofrequency Ablation with a Multilesion Probe (2014)

This retrospective case series of patients with refractory sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain presents our first 77 SIJ radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedures performed with a multilesion probe. Of these, 16 (20.8%) provided no relief; 55 (71.4%) provided >50% pain relief at 6 weeks; 42 (54.5%, 95% confidence interval, 42.8%-65.8%) provided >50% pain relief at 6 months; and 12 (15.6%) continued to provide >50% pain relief at 1 year. These results compare favorably to those published using other RFA techniques. In conclusion, more than half of our patients with refractory SIJ pain received some pain relief for at least 6 months after RFA.
Development of a Multiplexed Microfluidic Proteomic Reactor and Its Application for Studying Protein–Protein Interactions (2011)

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques have been very successful for the identification and study of protein-protein interactions. Typically, immunopurification of protein complexes is conducted, followed by protein separation by gel electrophoresis and in-gel protein digestion, and finally, mass spectrometry is performed to identify the interacting partners. However, the manual processing of the samples is time-consuming and error-prone. Here, we developed a polymer-based microfluidic proteomic reactor aimed at the parallel analysis of minute amounts of protein samples obtained from immunoprecipitation. The design of the proteomic reactor allows for the simultaneous processing of multiple samples on the same devices. Each proteomic reactor on the device consists of SCX beads packed and restricted into a 1 cm microchannel by two integrated pillar frits. The device is fabricated using a combination of low-cost hard cyclic olefin copolymer thermoplastic and elastomeric thermoplastic materials (styrene/(ethylene/butylenes)/styrene) using rapid hot-embossing replication techniques with a polymer-based stamp. Three immunopurified protein samples are simultaneously captured, reduced, alkylated, and digested on the device within 2-3 h instead of the days required for the conventional protein-protein interaction studies. The limit of detection of the microfluidic proteomic reactor was shown to be lower than 2 ng of protein. Furthermore, the application of the microfluidic proteomic reactor was demonstrated for the simultaneous processing of the interactome of the histone variant Htz1 in wild-type yeast and in a swr1Δ yeast strain compared to an untagged control using a novel three-channel microfluidic proteomic reactor.
Enzymatic methyl esterification of synthetic tripeptides: structural requirements of the peptide substrate (1988)

Eukaryotic protein carboxyl methyltransferase catalyzes a two‐substrates reaction in which the methyl group of S ‐adenosylmethionine is transferred to the free carboxyl group of D‐aspartyl and L‐isoaspartyl‐containing peptide or protein substrates. It has been previously shown that at least three binding sites are required for the interaction of adenosylmethionine with the enzyme and/or the protein substrate [Oliva A., Galletti P., Zappia V., Paik W. K. & Kim S. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 104 , 595–602], while very little is know concerning the structural requirements of the protein substrate. In this study several synthetic tripeptides were selected in order to elucidate the structural requirements of the methyl‐accepting substrates. The results obtained with this series of peptides suggested that: (1) three residues appear to be the minimal length, so far identified, required for a productive enzyme‐substrate interaction, several dipeptides being ineffective as substrates [McFadden P. N. & Clarke S. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261 , 11 503–11 511]; (2) the isoaspartyl residue is not recognized unless its α‐amino group is involved in a carboamide bond; (3) an hydrogen atom on the amide linkage following the isoaspartyl residue is essential for both recognition and catalysis; (4) oligopeptides containing both D‐aspartyl and D‐isoaspartyl residues are not recognized by this methyltransferase. On the basis of these results, interaction sites between the peptide substrate and the enzyme molecule have been proposed. This paper also reports the first application of fast‐atom‐bombardment mass spectrometry to the detection of the products of the enzymatic methyl esterification reaction. By this soft ionization technique, the methylesterified peptides as well as the corresponding cyclic imides generated during the spontaneous demethylation process have been identified.