gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurements of 55Fe activity in activated steel samples with GEMPix (2016)

In this paper we present a novel method, based on the recently developed GEMPix detector, to measure the 55Fe content in samples of metallic material activated during operation of CERN accelerators and experimental facilities. The GEMPix, a gas detector with highly pixelated read-out, has been obtained by coupling a triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) to a quad Timepix ASIC. Sample preparation, measurements performed on 45 samples and data analysis are described. The calibration factor (counts per second per unit specific activity) has been obtained via measurements of the 55Fe activity determined by radiochemical analysis of the same samples. Detection limit and sensitivity to the current Swiss exemption limit are calculated. Comparison with radiochemical analysis shows inconsistency for the sensitivity for only two samples, most likely due to underestimated uncertainties of the GEMPix analysis. An operative test phase of this technique is already planned at CERN.
Potential autocrine role of insulin-like growth factor II during suramin-induced differentiation of HT29-D4 human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line. (1992)

Suramin, a drug that binds to several types of growth factors, has been previously shown to induce the enterocyte-like differentiation of HT29-D4 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells, suggesting that growth factors are involved in such a process. Undifferentiated HT29-D4 cells release insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) into the culture medium that is totally complexed to heterogeneous IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) expressing high affinities for this growth factor (Kda = 0.02 nM and Kdb = 1.4 nM). These complexes do not allow IGF-II to bind to HT29-D4 cell surface type I IGF receptors, as evidenced by using 125I-IGF-II-IGFBP complexes. However, the addition of 40-100 micrograms/ml suramin, i.e., concentrations identical to the ones that are able to induce HT29-D4 cell differentiation, induces the release of IGF-II from IGF-II-IGFBP complexes, thereby allowing IGF-II to bind to the cell surface receptors. At such concentrations, suramin is indeed unable to alter IGF-II binding to HT29-D4 cells, a capacity that is observed only for concentrations higher than 200 micrograms/ml. Thus, suramin might have the unusual capacity to allow the establishment of an IGF-II autocrine loop involved in HT29-D4 cell differentiation. Consistent with this hypothesis is the fact that exogenously applied IGF-I (2.5 micrograms/ml) or agonist monoclonal antibody alpha IR-3 (2.5 micrograms/ml), which can bypass IGFBP present in the culture medium, induces part of HT29-D4 cell differentiation that is characterized by an important carcinoembryonic antigen release and the induction of numerous intercellular cysts with microvilli.
A CHEMIFLUORESCENT IMMUNOASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MARINOBUFAGENIN IN BODY FLUIDS (2011)

We describe here the development of a chemifluorescent competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that quantifies marinobufagenin (MBG) levels in biological fluids. Based on a polyclonal antibody raised against a novel MBG-bovine serum albumin conjugate, this assay achieved an MBG detection limit of less than 9 pg/mL. MBG levels in various rat urine and serum samples were effectively determined using this methodology. Interassay variability averaged 9.8%, while intra-assay variability averaged 1.9 and 2.5% in representative serum and urine samples, respectively. Recovery of exogenously added MBG averaged 106%, and parallelism data further established the accuracy of the assay. Employment of this assay to detect MBG abnormalities represents a powerful tool for the possible diagnosis, prevention and management of human hypertensive states, particularly preeclampsia.
Perspectives of liver cell transplantation: a review. (1997)

Liver-directed somatic gene therapy may be performed using the techniques of in vivo gene therapy, liver cell transplantation (HcTx) including ex vivo gene therapy, and liver transplantation, respectively (1). Liver transplantation has become a routine surgical technique in correcting liver disease. The usage of HcTx and in vivo gene therapy has increased and may replace liver transplantation, at least to some extent, in the future. HcTx involves the transplantation of healthy, intact hepatocytes with metabolic properties which are deficient in the recipient. Among its different applications, this concept may be used for the correction of inborn errors of liver disease and acute liver failure. The advantage of HcTx is that for successful gene therapy, the underlying primary defect does not require detailed characterization. In addition, HcTx is currently being-tested for ex vivo gene therapy. In this form of therapy, hepatocytes are isolated after surgical liver resection. The hepatocytes are ex vivo genetically modified, e.g. using retroviral vectors, and the selected modified cells are subsequently re-injected. Herein, we report the historical development, current status and perspectives of the concept of HcTx.
Surface Modification of Poly(divinylbenzene) Microspheres via Thiol−Ene Chemistry and Alkyne−Azide Click Reactions (2009)

We report the functionalization of cross-linked poly(divinylbenzene) (pDVB) microspheres using both thiol−ene chemistry and azide−alkyne click reactions. The RAFT technique was carried out to synthesize SH-functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) and utilized to generate pNIPAAm surface-modified microspheres via thiol−ene modification. The accessible double bonds on the surface of the microspheres allow the direct coupling with thiol-end functionalized pNIPAAm. In a second approach, pDVB microspheres were grafted with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA). For this purpose, the residual double bonds on the microspheres surface were used to attach azide groups via the thiol−ene approach of 1-azido-undecane-11-thiol. In a second step, alkyne endfunctionalized pHEMA was used to graft pHEMA to the azide-modified surface via click-chemistry (Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition). The surface-sensitive characterization methods X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning-electron microscopy and FT-IR transmission spectroscopy were employed to characterize the successful surface modification of the microspheres. In addition, fluorescence microscopy confirms the presence of grafted pHEMA chains after labeling with Rhodamine B.
The Inner-Core Size Increase of Typhoon Megi (2010) During its Rapid Intensification Phase (2013)

ABSTRACT: While Typhoon Megi (2010) shared many common features of tropical cyclones (TCs) that crossed Luzon Island in northern Philippines, it experienced a significant inner-core size increase with little eyewall contraction during its rapid intensification (RI) phase. This is unusual since the majority of TCs experience an eyewall contraction with little or a slow inner-core size increase during RI. The inner-core size increase during RI of Typhoon Megi was simulated reasonably well using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) model with both dynamical initialization and large-scale spectral nudging. In this paper processes responsible for the inner-core size increase of Typhoon Megi during its RI phase were analyzed based on a control simulation. It is shown that the inner-core size increase was primarily related to the binary interaction of Megi with a large-scale low-level depression in which Megi was embedded. The shearing/merging of the large-scale depression with Megi and the subsequent axisymmetrization led to the strengthening of the outer circulation of Megi. Both the moist condition in the low-level depression and the binary interaction contributed to active spiral rainbands. Diabatic heating in spiral rainbands enhanced low-level inflow, which brought absolute angular momentum inward, increasing tangential wind speed outside the eyewall, thus leading to the outward expansion of tangential wind and the increase of the inner-core size of Megi. Keywords: Typhoon, inner core size, spiral rainbands, binary interaction, numerical simulation
All‐Polymer Solar Cells from Perylene Diimide Based Copolymers: Material Design and Phase Separation Control (2011)

It′s all about polymers: All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on six perylene diimide containing polymers (PX–PDIs) as acceptor materials and two polythiophene derivatives (P3HT and PT1) as donor materials were investigated systematically (see picture). The highest power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-PSCs was 2.23 %, one of the highest PCEs of polymer/polymer blend photovoltaic devices reported to date.
Application of Organolithium and Related Reagents in Synthesis. XV. A Concise Regiospecific Conversion of Picolinic- and Isonicotinic Acids into 2-Benzoyl- and 4-Benzoylnicotinic Acids (1994)

Abstract The synthesis of the azaphthalides (7) and (8) and their conversion into the corresponding 2- and 4-benzoyl-3-hydroxymethylpyridines (9) and (10), very useful precursors of the 2- and 4-benzoylated nicotinic acids (11) and (12), as a way of regiospecific transformation of the picolin- and isonicotinanilides (1) and (2) Into nicotinic acid derivatives, is described.
A Variable Duty Cycle Soft Startup Strategy for <italic>LLC</italic> Series Resonant Converter Based on Optimal Current-Limiting Curve (2016)

For the LLC series resonant converter (LLC-SRC), the resonant current inrush during the startup is a threat to the safe operation of the main switches, and frequency-decreasing startup method is usually adopted. The very high initial start-up frequency can suppress this inrush effectively, but increases the output current demand of drive ICs. In this paper, a variable duty cycle soft startup strategy based on optimal current-limiting curve is presented, which can realize the suppression of the resonant current inrush under low startup frequency. Due to the nonlinearity of the LLC-SRC, the mode transition conditions are illustrated and a generalized numerical model of the LLC-SRC is established, providing a highly accurate prediction on resonant variables and output during the startup process. Based on the numerical model, the relationship between the startup current, initial startup frequency, and the duty cycle is revealed to quantify the startup process and achieve optimal initial startup parameters. A numerical algorithm is presented to obtain the optimal current-limiting curve during the startup. Two variable duty cycle startup methods are applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, namely the PWM startup method and the phase-shift startup method. The experimental results are presented to verify the proposed soft startup strategy.
Dual Inhibition of the Lactate Transporters MCT1 and MCT4 Is Synthetic Lethal with Metformin due to NAD+ Depletion in Cancer Cells (2018)

Highly glycolytic cancer cells prevent intracellular acidification by excreting the glycolytic end-products lactate and H<sup>+</sup> via the monocarboxylate transporters 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4). We report that syrosingopine, an anti-hypertensive drug, is a dual MCT1 and MCT4 inhibitor (with 60-fold higher potency on MCT4) that prevents lactate and H<sup>+</sup> efflux. Syrosingopine elicits synthetic lethality with metformin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase. NAD+, required for the ATP-generating steps of glycolysis, is regenerated from NADH by mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase. Syrosingopine treatment leads to high intracellular lactate levels and thereby end-product inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase. The loss of NAD+ regeneration capacity due to combined metformin and syrosingopine treatment results in glycolytic blockade, leading to ATP depletion and cell death. Accordingly, ATP levels can be partly restored by exogenously provided NAD+, the NAD precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), or vitamin K2. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of MCT1 and MCT4 combined with metformin treatment is a potential cancer therapy.
P4-to-VHDL: Automatic Generation of 100 Gbps Packet Parsers (2016)

Software Defined Networking and OpenFlow offer an elegant way to decouple network control plane from data plane. This decoupling has led to great innovation in the control plane, yet the data plane changes come at much slower pace, mainly due to the hard-wired implementation of network switches. The P4 language aims to overcome this obstacle by providing a description of a customized packet processing functionality for configurable switches. That enables a new generation of possibly heterogeneous networking hardware that can be runtime tailored for the needs of particular applications from various domains. In this paper we contribute to the idea of P4 by presenting design, analysis and experimental results of our packet parser generator. The generator converts a parse graph description of P4 to a synthetizable VHDL code suitable for FPGA implementation. Our results show that the generated circuit is able to parse 100 Gbps traffic with fairly complex protocol structure at line rate on a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA. The approach can be used not only in switches, but also in other appliances, such as application accelerators and smart NICs. We compare the generated output to a hand-written parser to show that the price for configurability is only a slightly larger and slower circuit.
SARS-CoV-2: a new threat (2020)

Abstract Background The pandemic caused by the emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus worldwide has had a major impact at all levels and has forced in-depth research into its behavior, pathogenicity and treatment. Content This review provides an overview of various aspects of the virus and the immune response it triggers, as well as a description of the different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches adopted. Summary SARS-COV-2 is a RNA virus with some peculiarities that make it different from its predecessors SARS-CoV and MERS. Given its structural characteristics and pathogenesis, it can cause different clinical manifestations as the disease progresses. The immune system has been proven to play a major role in the response to this virus and, therefore, the study of antibodies and lymphocyte populations during the different stages of the disease is crucial. Outlook The knowledge of the effect of the virus and the immune response is crucial for the development of good quality vaccines, therapies and diagnostic techniques, which are essential for the control and eradication of the disease.
Inhibitory effects of antithrombin III against leukocyte rolling and infiltration during endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats. (2001)

ATIII treatment significantly inhibited inflammatory reactions induced with LPS. Its suppressive effects on P-selectin expression could contribute to the attenuation of leukocyte infiltration, possibly by inhibiting leukocyte rolling. The current findings suggest that ATIII may have a role in the management of patients with uveitis.
Optimizing File Availability in Peer-to-Peer Content Distribution (2007)

A fundamental paradigm in peer-to-peer (P2P) content distribution is that of a large community of intermittently-connected nodes that cooperate to share files. Because nodes are intermittently connected, the P2P community must replicate and replace files as a function of their popularity to achieve satisfactory performance. In this paper, we develop an analytical optimization theory for benchmarking the performance of replication/replacement algorithms, including algorithms that employ erasure codes. We also consider a content management algorithm, the Top-K Most Frequently Requested algorithm, and show that in most cases this algorithm converges to an optimal replica profile. Finally, we present two approaches for achieving an evenly balanced load over all the peers in the community.
How we do it: The Dutch functional hearing–screening tests by telephone and internet (2006)

Keypoints * The Dutch National Hearing Test is a reliable and very successful functional hearing-screening test by telephone. An internet version of the National Hearing Test was also implemented. * The National Hearing Test is a fully automatic adaptive speech-in-noise test that uses digit-triplets as speech material. The result of the test is given as 'good,''insufficient,' or 'poor.' * The test by telephone performs better in reaching older subjects, who are more likely to suffer from hearing loss, than the test by internet. * More than 50% of the participants who scored 'insufficient' or 'poor' followed the recommendation to visit a GP, hearing-aid dispenser, ENT specialist or Audiological Center. * The tests contribute to increase the identification and treatment of older hearing-impaired subjects.
Majority Systems and the Condorcet Jury Theorem (1989)

The «Condorcet Jury Theorem» theorem states that if n=2m+1 jurists act independently, each with probability p>1/2 of making the correct decision, then the probability h 2m+1 (p) that the jury (deciding by majority rule) makes the correct decision increases monotonically to 1 as m increases to infinity. Condorcet argued therefore that there are situations in which it is advisable to entrust a decision to a group of individuals of lesser competence than to a single individual of greater competence. Some generalisations of this theorem will be presented in which (a) voter competencies vary, and (b) there is a dependence between voter decisions. Furthermore, the concept of an indirect majority system will be discussed and compared with a simple majority system
Next-Generation MicroRNA Expression Profiling Technology (2011)

Next-generation MicroRNA expression profiling technology , Next-generation MicroRNA expression profiling technology , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
The Balanced Two-String Technique for Sulcus Intraocular Lens Implantation in the Absence of Capsular Support (2015)

Purpose. To describe and explore an alternative approach for sulcus intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the absence of capsular support. Methods. The commonly available one-piece poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) lens is stabilized in the sulcus by two intraocular horizontal strings of 10/0 polypropylene suture passed through the lens dialing holes in opposite directions to achieve a mechanical balance. The horizontal strings of 10/0 polypropylene work as a rail track for the IOL optics, allowing some side to side lens adjustment even following wound closure. The stability of the IOL was tested in vitro. Six aphakic patients underwent in-sulcus IOL secondary implantation using the balanced two-string technique. Patients were followed up for a minimum of six months. Best spectacle corrected vision was assessed. Lens centration and lens tilt were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Results. All patients had successful lens insertion. Best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) improved in all patients. Lens decentration ranged between 0.21 mm and 0.9 mm (average 0.53 mm). Lens tilt ranged between 1.2° and 2.8° (average 2.17°). Conclusion. The mechanically balanced two-string technique is an alternative option for sulcus IOL implantation in absence of capsular support, allowing lens centration adjustment with no additional risks.
A homogeneous cell-based bicistronic fluorescence assay for high-throughput identification of drugs that perturb viral gene recoding and read-through of nonsense stop codons (2009)

Recoding mechanisms are programmed protein synthesis events used commonly by viruses but only very rarely in cells for cellular gene expression. For example, HIV-1 has an absolute reliance on frameshifting to produce the correct ratio of key proteins critical for infectivity. To exploit such recoding sites as therapeutic targets, a simple homogeneous assay capable of detecting small perturbations in these low-frequency (<5%) events is required. Current assays based on dual luciferase reporters use expensive substrates and are labor-intensive, both impediments for high-throughput screening. We have developed a cell-based bifluorophore assay able to measure accurately small recoding changes (<0.1%) with a high Z'-factor in 24- or 96-well formats that could be extended to 384 wells. In cases of nonsense mutations arising within coding regions of genes, the assay is suitable for assessing the potential of screened compounds to increase read-through at these nonprogrammed stop signals of variable termination efficiency.
A Low-Cost and Flexible Microplasma Generation Device to Create Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Contrast on Nonflat Surfaces (2015)

This letter presents a low-cost (<;0.25 USD per device), easy-to-fabricated, and flexible microplasma generation device (MGD), and the use of this device to perform surface patterning. This dielectric-barrier-discharge-type MGD is made of double-side copper clad laminates and the electrode patterns were fabricated by a printed circuit board fabrication-based method, which allows the patterning without lithographic processes with good feature transfer fidelity. The MGD was utilized to create hydrophilic/hydrophobic contrast by a maskless patterning process, either creating hydrophobic patterns on hydrophilic surfaces or hydrophilic pattern on hydrophobic surfaces with sub-millimeter spatial resolution. In the former case, the hydrophobic fluorocarbon polymer (FCP) patterns were deposited on glass using c-C4F8 and He plasmas. In the latter case, hydrophilic patterns were created on a FCP-coated glass substrate using the MGD operated in ambient air. We also demonstrated that the flexibility of the device enabled non-flat surface patterning.
The Gravity Gradiometer Survey System (GGSS) (1988)

The art and science of measuring Earth's gravity field has acquired a new dimension over the last decade as moving base systems were developed to complement or even replace the tried and true static gravimeter. The clear motivation behind these developments is efficiency. The accuracy o f the conventional gravimeter (e.g., the LaCoste‐Romberg gravimeter) has not and will not, any time soon, be surpassed by mobile gravity measurement systems. Instead of superior accuracy, these new systems boast speedy acquisition of data and/or accessibility to areas denied, in practice, to ground survey crews.
Arterial saccular aneurysm model in the rabbit. (1996)

Saccular aneurysms arising from the common carotid artery in the neck at the origin of the internal carotid artery were created in male rabbits using the stump of a ligated external carotid artery. These stumps were intraluminally perfused with varying concentrations of porcine pancreatic elastase for 45 minutes via a microcatheter introduced into the femoral artery. The aneurysms were allowed to mature for 2 to 12 weeks. Gross examination and histologic studies confirmed the presence of an aneurysm in all 15 experiments. Ninety-two percent (12 of 13) of the aneurysms studied by postoperative angiography were shown to be angiographically patent: 40% of all aneurysms were noted to be patent at harvest; and the remainder showed evidence of intraluminal thrombus. On histologic examination, all aneurysms showed complete loss of elastic lamina without evidence of fibrosis or scarring.
Nanowire-nanoantenna coupled system fabricated by nanomanipulation (2016)

Here we demonstrate the combination of a semiconductor nanowire and a plasmonic bowtie nanoantenna. A subwavelength InP nanowire was placed precisely in the middle of the nanogap of a gold bowtie nanoantenna with a nanomanipulator installed in a focused ion beam system. We observed a significantly large enhancement (by a factor of 110) of the photoluminescence intensity from this coupled system when the excitation wavelength was at the plasmonic resonance with its polarization parallel to the nanoantenna. Moreover, simulation results revealed that this large enhancement was caused by an interesting interplay between the plasmonic resonance of the nanoantenna and the breakdown of the field suppression effect in the subwavelength nanowire. Our results show that the combination of a nanowire and a nanoantenna gives us a new degree of freedom to design light-matter interactions on a nanoscale.