gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A broad role for YBX1 in defining the small non-coding RNA composition of exosomes (2017)

Abstract RNA is secreted from cells enclosed within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Defining the RNA composition of EVs is challenging due to their co-isolation with contaminants, a lack of knowledge of the mechanisms of RNA sorting into EVs and limitations of conventional RNA-seq methods. Here we present our observations using thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase sequencing (TGIRT-seq) to characterize the RNA extracted from HEK293T cell EVs isolated by flotation gradient ultracentrifugation and from exosomes containing the tetraspannin CD63 further purified from the gradient fractions by immunoisolation. We found that EV-associated transcripts are dominated by full-length, mature tRNAs and other small non-coding RNAs encapsulated within vesicles. A substantial proportion of the reads mapping to protein-coding genes, long non-coding, and antisense RNAs were due to DNA contamination on the surface of vesicles. Nevertheless, sequences mapping to spliced mRNAs were identified within HEK293T cell EVs and exosomes, among the most abundant being transcripts containing a 5’ terminal oligopyrimidine (5’ TOP) motif. Our results indicate that the RNA-binding protein YBX1, which we showed previously is required for the sorting of selected miRNAs into exosomes, plays a role in the sorting of highly abundant small non-coding RNA species, including tRNAs, Y RNAs, and Vault RNAs. Finally, we obtained evidence for an EV-specific tRNA modification, perhaps indicating a role for post-transcriptional modification in the sorting of some RNA species into EVs. The identification of full-length small non-coding RNAs within EVs suggests a role for EVs in the export and possible intercellular functional transfer of abundant cellular transcripts. Statement of Significance Cells release vesicles containing selectively packaged cargo, including RNA, into the extracellular environment. Prior studies have identified RNA inside extracellular vesicles (EVs) but, due to limitations of conventional sequencing methods, highly structured and post-transcriptionally modified RNA species were not effectively captured. Using an alternative sequencing approach (TGIRT-seq), we found that EVs contain abundant small non-coding RNA species, including full-length tRNAs and Y RNAs. Using a knockout cell line, we obtained evidence that the RNA-binding protein YBX1 plays a role in sorting small non-coding RNAs into a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles termed exosomes. These experiments expand our understanding of EV-RNA composition and provide insights into how RNA is sorted into EVs for export from the cell.
Multimedia content description interface——MPEG-7 (2003)

This paper introduces the MPEG-7 standard,discusses the principle, scope, architecture and application of MPEG-7 standard. In the end, the paper expounds how to describe the multimedia content.
Evaluation of Novel 3D Architectures Based on Knitting Technologies for Engineering Biological Tissues (2013)

Textile-based technologies are considered as potential routes for the production of 3D porous architectures for tissue engineering applications. We describe the use of two polymers, namely polybutylene succinate (PBS) and silk fibroin (SF) to produce fiber-based finely tuned porous architectures by weft and warp knitting. The obtained knitted constructs are described in terms of their morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ability, degradation behaviour and cytotoxicity. Each type of polymer fibers allow for the processing of a very reproducible intra-architectural scaffold geometry, with distinct characteristics in terms of the surface physicochemistry, mechanical performance and degradation capability, which has an impact on the resulting cell behaviour at the surface of the respective biotextiles. Preliminary cytotoxicity screening shows that both materials can support cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, different surface modifications were performed (acid/alkaline treatment, UV radiation and plasma) for modulating cell behavior. An increase of cell-material interactions were observed, indicating the important role of materials surface in the first hours of culturing. Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells (hASCs) became an emerging possibility for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement therapies. The potential of the recently developed silk-based biotextile structures to promote hASCs adhesion, proliferation and differentiation is also evaluated. The obtained results validate the developed constructs as viable matrices for TE applications. Given the processing efficacy and versatility of the knitting technology, and the interesting structural and surface properties of the proposed polymer fibers, it is foreseen that our developed systems can be attractive for the functional engineering of tissues such as bone, skin, ligaments or cartilage and also for develop more complex systems for further industrialization of TE products.
Resistance to hepcidin is conferred by hemochromatosis-associated mutations of ferroportin (2005)

Ferroportin (FPN) mediates iron export from cells; FPN mutations are associated with the iron overloading disorder hemochromatosis. Previously, we found that the A77D, V162del, and G490D mutations inhibited FPN activity, but that other disease-associated FPN variants retained full iron export capability. The peptide hormone hepcidin inhibits FPN as part of a homeostatic negative feedback loop. We measured surface expression and function of wild-type FPN and fully active FPN mutants in the presence of hepcidin. We found that the Y64N and C326Y mutants of FPN are completely resistant to hepcidin inhibition and that N144D and N144H are partially resistant. Hemochromatosis-associated FPN mutations, therefore, either reduce iron export ability or produce an FPN variant that is insensitive to hepcidin. The former mutation type is associated with Kupffer-cell iron deposition and normal transferrin saturation in vivo, whereas patients with the latter category of FPN mutation have high transferrin saturation and tend to deposit iron throughout the liver parenchyma. FPN-linked hemochromatosis may have a variable pathogenesis depending on the causative FPN mutant.
Spatial Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment (2016)

Recent developments in studies of tumor heterogeneity have provoked new thoughts on cancer management. There is a desperate need to understand influence of the tumor microenvironment on cancer development and evolution. Applying principles and quantitative methods from ecology can suggest novel solutions to fulfil this need. We discuss spatial heterogeneity as a fundamental biological feature of the microenvironment, which has been largely ignored. Histological samples can provide spatial context of diverse cell types coexisting within the microenvironment. Advanced computer-vision techniques have been developed for spatial mapping of cells in histological samples. This has enabled the applications of experimental and analytical tools from ecology to cancer research, generating system-level knowledge of microenvironmental spatial heterogeneity. We focus on studies of immune infiltrate and tumor resource distribution, and highlight statistical approaches for addressing the emerging challenges based on these new approaches.
An analysis of the effectiveness of two topical anesthetics. (1991)

This study compared the effectiveness of topical benzocaine 20%, lidocaine 5%, and a placebo in reducing the pain caused by needle insertion when the medicament was placed in the mucobuccal fold above the maxillary canine eminence. Both topical anesthetics and the placebo were randomly tested against each other bilaterally. For uniformity the agents were left in place for three minutes before needle insertion. A 27 gauge short needle mounted on an aspirating syringe was then inserted just past the bevel. Each subject rated the degree of pain on a visual analogue scale 100 mm in length. A pulse oximeter was used to record the heart rate. The results indicate that both topical anesthetics are significantly better than the placebo in reducing pain caused by needle insertion, although no statistically significant differences were found between the two topical anesthetics. Statistically significant differences in heart rate were seen, but these differences were not clinically significant. It is concluded that benzocaine 20% and lidocaine 5% significantly reduce the pain during needle insertion.
Power-discourse’s Reading of “Jennie Gerhardt” (2011)

Michel Foucault, French well-known post-structuralism theorist, claims that power is more than supreme authority; instead, it is a relation that is intertwined with one another in a complicated net. At the center of his theory is the operating mechanism of power-discourse. Power and discourse is inseparable from one another. Power paves the way for the creation of knowledge which could also exert significant influence upon the implementation of power. The aim of this paper is to apply the theory of Foucault’s power-discourse to analyze the power operating mechanism of “Jennie Gerhardt” written by Theodore Dreiser, exploring how the power-discourse mechanism that applies the modern punishment techniques of unequal gaze and gentle punishment can exert its influence on the fate of protagonists in the novel as well as how those who are oppressed by this kind of power relation endeavor to resort to the resistance power to acquire their discourse power. Key words: Jennie Gerhardt ; Power; Discourse; Unequal gaze; Punishment; Resistance power
Extracting keyphrases to represent relations in social networks from web (2007)

Ctenocephalides felis infestations outbreak is documented as a welfare and production limiting disease in neonatal calves in eastern New South Wales, Australia. Due to the calves' discomfort, the first objective was to relieve the calves from the large burden of fleas. The affected neonatal 0-4 week old calves showed dull and quiet demeanour, with the geometric mean of body condition score (BCS) 2.67 (2-4) and geometric mean burden 41.51 (15-75) of fleas collected over 3 min. Deltamethrin pour-on (Arrest Easy-Dose, Virbac Animal Health, Australia) registered for treatment of lice and flies on cattle in Australia was evaluated for control effect of the cat flea (C. felis) on cattle. The fleas were identified morphologically as being C. felis which was confirmed by sequencing cytochrome c oxidase I gene (cox1). We report successful improvement of welfare and reduction of flea counts post application of pour-on deltamethrin on the property. In the absence of registered flea product for cattle in Australia, deltamethrin pour-on product is a suitable option, because of its registration for control of lice and flies on cattle.
Promoting Action of Inorganic Gases on the Rate of Dehydration of 2-Propanol over Ca-Y Zeolite (1979)

Abstract The dehydration of 2-propanol over Ca-Y zeolite has been enhanced in the presence of NO2, SO2, and Cl2 at 100 °C. This promoting action has been ascribed to the formation of acidic hydroxyl groups resulting from the reaction of the inorganic gases with zeolitic water or basic hydroxyl groups attached to the metal cations.
Novel class of non-steroidal progesterone receptor antagonists (1999)

Development of antiprogestins as a new class of therapeutic agents has been of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry for decades. Currently, all clinically available antiprogestins are compounds with a steroidal skeleton. The new generation of non-steroidal antiprogestins is very promising but still in its infancy. This review summaries the recent progress in the area of non-steroidal progesterone receptor antagonists. These antiprogestitional compounds, derived from cyclocymopols, dihydroquinolines, pyridazines, linear tricyclic sesquiterpenes and vitamin D derivatives, have been proposed to be used as contraceptive agents, abortifacients and for use in hormone replacement therapy, as well as for use in the treatment of endometriosis, osteoporosis and progesterone responsive cancers of the ovary, breast and prostate.
Effects of the novel and potent lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor TKM0150 on mixed lymphocyte reaction and contact hypersensitivity in mice (2011)

Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) plays a critical role in T cell activation. In the present study, the effect of a newly synthesized small molecule compound, 7-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-4H- pyrazolo[5,1-b] [1,3]benzodiazepine-3-carboxamide (TKM0150) on Lck activity was investigated. TKM0150 inhibited Lck with an 1C50 value of 0.7 nM. To evaluate if TKM0150 is a specific inhibitor of Lck, the activity against several Src (Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src) and non-Src family kinases were assayed. TKM150 inhibited Src family kinases, Src and Csk (c-Src kinase) (with IC50 values of 0.6 nM and 1.7 nM, respectively) as well as Fyn (p59-Fyn) and Lyn (tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn) at a dose of 1 microM; however, it did not inhibit kinase which is a non-Src family kinase in the tyrosine kinase (TK) group, nor kinases in other groups. Then, the anti-inflammtory potential of TKM0150 was evaluated by known experimental models. TKM0150 inhibited the murine mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in vitro with an IC50 value of 0.7 nM, and 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity in vivo at a dose of 0.3 and 1% w/v administered topically. These results indicate that TKM0150 is a specific inhibitor of Lck/Src kinase and can block T cell-mediated responses in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, TKM0150 would be expected as a drug candidate for treating T cell-mediated disorders including atopic dermatitis.
A 14.6-GHz ECR ion source for atomic physics and materials research with highly charged slow ionsa) (1992)

A 14.6-GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source has been designed and will be installed at the TU Dresden. Contrary to other ECR sources some features are foreseen for atomic physics experiments to study the source plasma. Beside the description of source construction and computer-aided source control first physical experiments on the source are discussed.
In-Plane Rotation and Scale Invariant Clustering Using Dictionaries (2013)

In this paper, we present an approach that simultaneously clusters images and learns dictionaries from the clusters. The method learns dictionaries and clusters images in the radon transform domain. The main feature of the proposed approach is that it provides both in-plane rotation and scale invariant clustering, which is useful in numerous applications, including content-based image retrieval (CBIR). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our rotation and scale invariant clustering method on a series of CBIR experiments. Experiments are performed on the Smithsonian isolated leaf, Kimia shape, and Brodatz texture datasets. Our method provides both good retrieval performance and greater robustness compared to standard Gabor-based and three state-of-the-art shape-based methods that have similar objectives.
IVSS Integration of Color Feature Extraction Techniques for Intelligent Video Search Systems (2013)

As large amount of visual Information is available on web in form of images, graphics, animations and videos, so it is important in internet era to have an effective video search system. As there are number of video search engine (blinkx, Videosurf, Google, YouTube, etc.) which search for relevant videos based on user keyword or term, But very less commercial video search engine are available which search videos based on visual image/clip/video. In this paper we are recommending a system that will search for relevant video using color feature of video in response of user Query.
Managing Treatment-Related Adverse Events Associated with egfr Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2011)

Non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) has the highest prevalence of all types of lung cancer, which is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Canada. The need for more effective and less toxic treatment options for nsclc has led to the development of agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)-mediated signalling pathway, such as egfr tyrosine kinase inhibitors (egfr-tkis). Although egfr-tkis are less toxic than traditional anti-neoplastic agents, they are commonly associated with acneiform-like rash and diarrhea. This review summarizes the clinical presentation and causes of egfr-tki-induced rash and diarrhea, and presents strategies for effective assessment, monitoring, and treatment of these adverse effects. Strategies to improve the management of egfr-tki-related adverse events should improve clinical outcomes, compliance, and quality of life in patients with advanced nsclc.
On Generating the N-ary Reflected Gray Codes (1984)

The definition of the N-ary reflected Gray code is given. Two recursive algorithms for generating the N-ary reflected Gray codes are presented: one algorithm is coded directly from the definition; another algorithm is derived from the sequencing orders of digits in the N-ary reflected Gray codes. It is shown that these two algorithms are equivalent functionally. Furthermore, it is proven that the N-ary reflected Gray code is cyclic when its radix is even, but not cyclic, in general, when its radix is odd.
Look me in the Eyes: A Survey of Eye and Gaze Animation for Virtual Agents and Artificial Systems (2014)

A person's emotions and state of mind are apparent in their face and eyes. As a Latin proverb states: ''The face is the portrait of the mind; the eyes, its informers.''. This presents a huge challenge for computer graphics researchers in the generation of artificial entities that aim to replicate the movement and appearance of the human eye, which is so important in human-human interactions. This State of the Art Report provides an overview of the efforts made on tackling this challenging task. As with many topics in Computer Graphics, a cross-disciplinary approach is required to fully understand the workings of the eye in the transmission of information to the user. We discuss the movement of the eyeballs, eyelids, and the head from a physiological perspective and how these movements can be modelled, rendered and animated in computer graphics applications. Further, we present recent research from psychology and sociology that seeks to understand higher level behaviours, such as attention and eye-gaze, during the expression of emotion or during conversation, and how they are synthesised in Computer Graphics and Robotics.
Cross-Polarization-Magic Angle Spinning Carbon-13 NMR Approach to the Structural Analysis of Cellulose (1987)

CP/MAS 13C NMR approach has been described to characterize molecular chain conformations and crystal structures of native and regenerated cellulose samples in the dry and hydrated states. First, 13C isotropic chemical shifts in the solid state are correlated to torsion angles φ and ψ in the β-1,4-glycosidic linkage and X about the exo-cyclic C5-C6 bond, respectively. On the other hand, the contributions of the crystalline and noncrystalline components to the CP/MAS 13C NMR results are critically analyzed in terms of the differences in 13C chemical shifts and spin-lattice relaxation times T1 and spectra of the respective components are recorded separately. Finally, the crystal structure and molecular chain conformations characteristic for native and regenerated celluloses are discussed.
Digitization of natural objects with micro CT and photographs (2018)

In this paper, we present a three-dimensional (3D) digitization technique for natural objects, such as insects and plants. The key idea is to combine X-ray computed tomography (CT) and photographs to obtain both complicated 3D shapes and surface textures of target specimens. We measure a specimen by using an X-ray CT device and a digital camera to obtain a CT volumetric image (volume) and multiple photographs. We then reconstruct a 3D model by segmenting the CT volume and generate a texture by projecting the photographs onto the model. To achieve this reconstruction, we introduce a technique for estimating a camera position for each photograph. We also present techniques for merging multiple textures generated from multiple photographs and recovering missing texture areas caused by occlusion. We illustrate the feasibility of our 3D digitization technique by digitizing 3D textured models of insects and flowers. The combination of X-ray CT and a digital camera makes it possible to successfully digitize specimens with complicated 3D structures accurately and allows us to browse both surface colors and internal structures.
IPv4/IPv6 SIP interworking methods in dual-stack network (2004)

Session initiation protocol (SIP) is important for end-to-end communication services. Furthermore, a dual-stack network is important for the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. There are few proposals for IPv4/IPv6 SIP interworking methods in dual-stack networks. In a dual-stack network, the IP versions of the originating and terminating terminals are determined at the time of session initiation, so a protocol translation determination function is needed to minimize the amount of protocol translation. In this paper we propose two IPv4/IPv6 SIP interworking methods that eliminate unnecessary IPv4/IPv6 translations. We evaluated the existing methods and the proposed methods.
The Contrast of the Main Modes of Research on Value Theory in Contemporary China (2004)

There're four dominant modes of research on value theory in contemporary China:theory of value as meaning,theory of value as need,theory of value as relation,theory of humanistic value.The four modes reveal the train of thought of China's research on value theory.Therefore the analysis of the four dominant modes is the main task to promote the research on value theory in contemporary China.
Nucleosides and Nucleotides. 185. Synthesis and Biological Activities of 4‘α-<i>C</i>-Branched-Chain Sugar Pyrimidine Nucleosides (1999)

A series of 4'alpha-C-branched-chain pyrimidine nucleosides was synthesized from 2'-deoxycytidine or uridine. In the 2'-deoxycytidine series, the substituent at the 4'alpha-position affected cytotoxicity against L1210 mouse leukemic cells in vitro in the order Me (23) > CN (22) > C(symbol)CH (21) > CH=CH(2) (19) > Et (24) > CH=CHCl (20). However, uridine and cytidine derivatives with ethynyl and cyano groups at the 4'alpha-position did not show any cytotoxicity. The antiviral activities of these nucleosides against HSV-1, HSV-2, and HIV-1 in vitro were also examined. Compounds 22 and 23 showed antiviral activities against HSV-1 and HSV-2 without showing significant toxicity to the host cells (MRC-5 cells). Although almost all of the nucleosides showed anti-HIV-1 activities, they were also cytotoxic to the host cells (MT-4).
Factorial Learning and the EM Algorithm (1994)

Many real world learning problems are best characterized by an interaction of multiple independent causes or factors. Discovering such causal structure from the data is the focus of this paper. Based on Zemel and Hinton&apos;s cooperative vector quantizer (CVQ) architecture, an unsupervised learning algorithm is derived from the Expectation--Maximization (EM) framework. Due to the combinatorial nature of the data generation process, the exact E-step is computationally intractable. Two alternative methods for computing the E-step are proposed: Gibbs sampling and mean-field approximation, and some promising empirical results are presented.