gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Electroosmotic Flow and Prevention of Wall Adsorption in Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Zwitterionic Surfactants (1997)

Addition of zwitterionic surfactants such as dodecyldimethyl(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide, hexadecyldimethyl(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide, and coco (amidopropyl)hydroxyldimethylsulfobetaine (Rewoteric AM CAS U) to an electrophoretic buffer suppress the electroosmotic flow by 50-90%. Onset of suppression occurs at approximately the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant. CAS U effectively suppresses the electroosmotic flow over the pH range 3-12. Addition of 2 mM CAS U to the electrophoretic buffer prevents adsorption of cationic proteins lysozyme, α-chymotrypsinogen A, cytochrome c, and ribonuclease A. Migration time reproducibility for these proteins is ∼1% RSD within 1 day and 2-5% from day to day. Efficiencies in excess of 750 000 plates/m and recoveries of >80% were observed for protein injections from distilled water. Alternatively if 2 mM CAS U is added to samples, recoveries were quantitative, although efficiencies decreased to 325 000-600 000 plates/m. The natural electroosmotic flow of the capillaries is regenerated simply by rinsing with sodium hydroxide.
Probing Gunn domains at X-band microwave frequencies using a scanning microscope (1974)

A scanning electron microscope was operated in the stroboscopic mode at about 9·0 GHz, with estimated beam diameter of 0·3 μm, and beam pulse lengths of 10 ps. Gunn domains in transverse devices were examined for velocity and spatial width.
Curing behavior and toughening performance of epoxy resins containing hyperbranched polyester (2004)

Abstract The effects of the hyperbranched polyester with hydroxyl end groups (HBPE‐OH) on the curing behavior and toughening performance of a commercial epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, DGEBA) were presented. The addition of HBPE‐OH into DGEBA strongly increased its curing rate and conversion of epoxide group due to the catalytic effect of hydroxyl groups in HBPE‐OH and the low viscosity of the blend at curing temperature. The improvements on impact strength and critical stress intensity factor (or fracture toughness, K 1c ) were observed with adding HBPE‐OH. The impact strength was 8.04 kJ m −1 when HBPE‐OH reached 15 wt% and the K 1c value was approximately two times the value of pure epoxy resin when HBPE‐OH content was 20 wt%. The morphology of the blends was also investigated, which indicated that HBPE‐OH particles, as a second phase in the epoxy matrix, combined with each other as the concentration of HBPE‐OH increased. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation and Purification of Methadone Enantiomers by Continuous- and Interval-Flow Electrophoresis (1999)

Continuous- or free-flow electrophoresis is based upon a thin film of fluid flowing between two parallel plates. The electrolytes and the sample are continuously admitted at one end of the electrophoresis chamber and are fractionated by an array of outlet tubes at the other. Using the Octopus apparatus in a horizontal position, continuous preparative separation of methadone enantiomers in the presence of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector was investigated under conditions of continuous-flow zone electrophoresis and continuous-flow isotachophoresis. The enantiomeric composition of methadone in the collected fractions was assessed by chiral capillary electrophoresis and circular-dichroism spectroscopy. In both electrophoretic modes, partial separation of the two enantiomers with an enrichment of about 80% and a throughput of 10-20 mg of racemic methadone per hour was obtained. Operating the Octopus apparatus with interrupted buffer flow during electrophoresis, a process termed interval-flow electrophoresis, resulted in complete separation of milligram quantities of the two methadone enantiomers. Furthermore, commencing with racemic methadone, continuous multistage isotachophoretic processing is shown to be suitable to purify (R)-(-)-methadone, the enantiomer with higher pharmacological activity, on a mg/h scale and at a mM concentration in the collected product stream.
Xanthine dehydrogenase and its role in cancer chemotherapy. (1994)

Xanthine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.204) is a molybdenum iron-sulfur, flavin hydroxylase whose physiological role is ascribed to purine catabolism. Its ready conversion to its oxidase counterpart, xanthine oxidase (EC 1.1.3.22), under normal isolation conditions has complicated studies of this enzyme in the past. Many studies in the past have looked at the role of xanthine oxidase in the metabolism of chemotherapeutic agents requiring bioreductive activation for their antineoplastic activities. This paper reviews some of xanthine dehydrogenase's biological and physiological parameters as well as recent studies into the xanthine dehydrogenase-induced activation of bioreductive agents. Studies are also presented that point out this enzyme's potential role in mitomycin C-induced cytotoxicity to EMT6 cells under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. The potential importance of xanthine dehydrogenase as an enzyme targeted in chemotherapeutic regimens is discussed.
Treatment of Meningeal Leukemia With Pyrimethamine (1971)

Abstract Pyrimethamine, a substituted pyrimidine with potent folate antagonistic properties, was given orally to treat two episodes of meningeal leukemia in a longterm survivor with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Remissions of seven and at least 6 mo duration were obtained on the two occasions. Spinal fluid concentrations of pyrimethamine were 10-25% of the simultaneous plasma concentrations. Considerations regarding lipid solubility, body distribution, and easily reversible toxicity of pyrimethamine suggest that further therapeutic trials are warranted, especially in childhood lymphoblastic leukemia.
One-dimensional jumping optical tweezers for optical stretching of bi-concave human red blood cells (2008)

We report the experimental demonstration of optical stretching of individual bio-concave human red blood cells (RBCs) with one-dimensional jumping optical tweezers. We trapped a RBC in isotonic buffer solution in a conventional stationary single-beam gradient-force optical trap and discretely scanned the trapping beam with an acousto-optic modulator such that the focal point of the trapping beam jumped back-and-forth between two fixed points. At the jumping frequency on the order of a 100 Hz and higher, and the jumping distance in the range of a few microns, the bi-concave RBC was stably trapped and stretched. The elongation of the stretched RBC was measured as a function of the beam-scanning amplitude, and the experimental results were explained qualitatively by a theoretical model.
Growth Inhibition and Induction of Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cell Lines by Applying Marine Phospholipid (2009)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exhibit beneficial biological functions in carcinogenic processes. We examined the effects of PUFAs in the acid and phospholipid forms on three colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, Caco-2, and DLD-1). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) in both acid and phospholipid forms showed growth inhibition effects on experimental colon cancer cell lines. But these PUFAs had the strongest growth-inhibitory effect on HT-29 than Caco-2 and DLD-1. Combined application of PUFAs and sodium butyrate (NaBt) increased the growth inhibition. Growth inhibition was apparently caused by increased lipid peroxidation. DHA or EPA in combination with NaBt significantly increased caspase-3 activity compared to control. DHA and DHA-rich phosphatidylcholine decreased Bcl-2 level in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells.
Surface Topography Guides Morphology and Spatial Patterning of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Colonies (2017)

The relevance of topographic cues for commitment of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that groove-ridge structures with a periodicity in the submicrometer range induce elongation of iPSC colonies, guide the orientation of apical actin fibers, and direct the polarity of cell division. Elongation of iPSC colonies impacts also on their intrinsic molecular patterning, which seems to be orchestrated from the rim of the colonies. BMP4-induced differentiation is enhanced in elongated colonies, and the submicron grooves impact on the spatial modulation of YAP activity upon induction with this morphogen. Interestingly, TAZ, a YAP paralog, shows distinct cytoskeletal localization in iPSCs. These findings demonstrate that topography can guide orientation and organization of iPSC colonies, which may affect the interaction between mechanosensors and mechanotransducers in iPSCs.
The oxygen-linked zinc-binding site of human haemoglobin (1978)

Zn2+ is known to increase the 02 affinity of human haemoglobin. Previous data suggested that Zn2+ exerts its effect by directly binding to haemoglobin, rather than by competing with or binding to 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. It was also shown that there are two 02-linked zinc-binding sites in haemoglobin, and that Zn2+ does not significantly alter haemoglobin co-operativity or the alkaline Bohr effect. The effect of Zn2+ on 02 affinity of haemoglobin can also be observed for other haemoglobins as diverse as those of cow and chicken. This paper presents new data on the haemoglobin-zinc interaction for normal haemoglobin, des-His146beta-haemoglobin and N-ethylsuccinimide-haemoglobin of humans. For normal haemoglobin (0.05 mM in tetramers), at 20 degrees C in buffer containing 0.1 M-Cl-, 02-dissociation-curve experiments showed that the addition of 0.4-0.5 mM-ZnS04 did not change the Bohr effect between pH 6.71 and 7.29. Similar experiments, with “zinc-ion buffers”, showed that the value of the Hill coefficient, h, decreased only slightly if the concentration of free Zn2+ was held constant. For N-ethylsuccinimide-haemoglobin, Zn2+ caused less increase in O2 affinity than for normal haemoglobin. These studies, together with data on the equilibrium binding of Zn2+ to oxy-, deoxy- and des-His146beta-haemoglobins, suggest that zinc is chelated in oxyhaemoglobin by at least three amino acids, two of which are histidine-146beta and cysteine-93beta.
Studies on Hepatic Agents. I. Synthesis of Aminoacyl (and Hydroxyacyl) Aminoacetonitriles (1968)

For the purpose of elucidating the structural relationship between lathyrism and inhibition of necrosis induced by CCl4 in the liver of the rat, many compounds related to aminoacetonitrile were synthesized. N-Aminoacylaminoacetonitriles (VIII, XIV) were synthesized from phthaloylaminoacylaminoacetonitriles. VIII were converted to 2-hydroxyimino-5-oxopiperazine derivatives (XV) and 5-oxo-2-thio-piperazines (XX). Preparations of N-(N-acylaminoacyl) aminoacetonitriles were also described. Further, N-α-hydroxyacylaminoacetonitriles were prepared from chloralides of α-hydroxyacids with aminoacetonitrile. In addition, XV (R=H) was converted to 2-acetamino-5-acetoxypyrazine by treatment with acetic anhydride.
Magnetic field-induced twin boundary motion in polycrystalline Ni–Mn–Ga fibres (2008)

Magnetic field-induced twin boundary motion leading to large magnetic field-induced strain of ∼1.0% was established in polycrystalline Ni50.9Mn27.1Ga22.0 (at.%) fibres at room temperature (∼60–100 μm in diameter and ∼3 mm in length). The fibres' grains are as large as the fibre diameter and of random orientation. At room temperature, a ferromagnetic 5M martensite is found. Magnetic field-induced twin boundary motion was indicated by magnetic measurements and validated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The application of a magnetic field shifts the equilibrium temperature of martensite and austenite by ∼0.4 K T−1, which agrees with calculations using the Clapeyron–Clausius approach.
Lewis acid catalysis of the ene addition of chloral and bromal to olefins; product studies (1984)

The addition of chloral and bromal to a variety of alkyl-substituted alkenes has been investigated. The effect on the reaction of varying the Lewis acid catalyst and the structure of the substrate have been studied. Anhydrous AlCl3 was found to be the most effective catalyst, and ene-type adducts were the major products in most cases. Side reactions were observed with the less reactive systems leading, variously, to the formation of trihalogenoketones, hydrohalpgenated ene adducts, and cyclic ethers. Conditions for optimising the yield of ene adducts were established in some cases. The trihalogenoketone by-products can be conveniently removed by a Grignard-type reaction.
Posttranslationally modified progesterone receptors direct ligand-specific expression of breast cancer stem cell-associated gene programs (2017)

We conclude that PR Ser294 phosphorylation is a common event in breast cancer progression that is required to maintain breast cancer stem cell fate, in part via cooperation with growth factor-initiated signaling pathways and key phospho-PR target genes including SLC37A2 and RUNX2. Clinical measurement of phosphorylated PRs should be considered a useful marker of breast tumor stem cell potential. Alternatively, unique phospho-PR target gene sets may provide useful tools with which to identify patients likely to respond to selective PR modulators that block PR Ser294 phosphorylation as part of rational combination (i.e., with antiestrogens) endocrine therapies designed to durably block breast cancer recurrence.
Novel Multifunctional Polymers from Aromatic Diamines by Oxidative Polymerizations (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel Multifunctional Polymers from Aromatic Diamines by Oxidative PolymerizationsXin-Gui Li, Mei-Rong Huang, Wei Duan, and Yu-Liang YangView Author Information Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Concrete Materials Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China Department of Macromolecular Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 9, 2925–3030Publication Date (Web):August 17, 2002Publication History Received29 January 2002Published online17 August 2002Published inissue 1 September 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr010423zCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views6057Altmetric-Citations567LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Electrodes,Polymerization,Polymers,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Phase II study of recombinant interferon alpha-C in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (1990)

Recombinant interferon alpha-C is a new strain of the alpha interferon family. It was given to 33 patients with measurable metastatic renal cell carcinoma of whom 31 were evaluable. Protocol consisted of 3 million U/d for 2 weeks, then 3 million U/m2 every other day until progression. No complete response was observed. Three patients (9.7%) had partial response for a mean duration of 5.6 months and eight patients (25.8%) were stabilized for a mean of 4.3 months. Responsive sites were mainly lung, bone, and kidney, while side effects were generally mild. better results were observed in previously nephrectomized patients who had not received chemotherapy or hormonotherapy for recurrent or metastatic disease (p less than 0.05), and also in patients with a brief disease-free interval and short delay from presenting symptoms of the primary tumor until interferon treatment (p less than 0.05). Median survival was significantly longer in responders than in progressors (p less than 0.05). We suggest that the efficacy of recombinant interferon alpha-C in a low-dose regime versus other types of interferon as first-line therapy for inoperable, metastatic, or locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma should be investigated in a prospective, controlled, randomized study.
Channel Gain Estimation from Sounding Reference Signal in LTE (2011)

3G Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology aims at addressing the increasing demand for mobile multimedia services in high user density areas. Channel aware scheduling across wide system bandwidth is one of the key techniques enabling this goal. The Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) in uplink comes in support of this feature as its main purpose is to allow the LTE Base Station (eNodeB) estimating the UL channel of the users across the scheduling bandwidth. Therefore, SRS channel and channel gain estimators are important functions that can drive the overall performance of the system. In this paper, we study such estimation algorithms and show that SRS noise variance estimation is necessary to deliver a non-biased channel gain estimation. We suggest to provision a cyclic shift of the SRS for this purpose and show simulation results validating the performance of the proposed scheme.
Argyrins, Immunosuppressive Cyclic Peptides from Myxobacteria. II. Structure Elucidation and Stereochemistry. (2002)

The structures of argyrins A-H were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, chemical degradation and X-ray analysis as cyclic octapeptides. Argyrins A and B, in addition to the common amino acids tryptophan, glycine, dehydroalanine and alanine or alpha-aminobutyric acid, sarcosine, contain 2-(1-aminoethyl)thiazol-4-caboxylic acid and the novel amino acid 4'-methoxytryptophan. In argyrins C and D the latter is replaced by 4'-methoxy 2'-methyltryptophan. According to NMR analysis the solution and crystal conformations of argyrins A and B are identical in CDCl3 and slightly different in acetone-d6. Argyrins A and B are identical with the antibiotics A21459 A and B, whose structures are revised with respect to 4'-methoxytryptophan.
Rearrangement of chicken immunoglobulin genes is not an ongoing process in the embryonic bursa of Fabricius. (1986)

We report a molecular analysis of the chicken Ig loci in single bursal follicles from 3- to 7-week-old chickens. Each follicle contained between 10(5) and 3 X 10(5) cells. The Ig gene rearrangement patterns obtained were compared to the pattern observed with the corresponding total bursal DNA. The results obtained for the light chain locus imply that a very small number (two on average) of rearrangement events takes place in each follicle. For the heavy chain locus similar results were obtained, each follicle showing a more restricted pattern than the total bursa. These data favor a model in which each follicle is colonized by a very few prebursal stem cells that are committed to a particular Ig gene rearrangement at the very beginning of the development of the embryonic bursa. The role of the bursa as the organ in which such a committed stem cell population for the B-cell lineage arises is discussed.
Bacterial-excreted small volatile molecule 2-aminoacetophenone induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in murine skeletal muscle (2016)

Oxidative stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction and facilitates apoptosis, tissue damage or metabolic alterations following infection. We have previously discovered that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) quorum sensing (QS)-excreted small volatile molecule, 2-aminoacetophenone (2-AA), which is produced in infected human tissue, promotes bacterial phenotypes that favor chronic infection, while also dampening the pathogen‑induced innate immune response, thus compromising muscle function and promoting host tolerance to infection. In this study, murine whole-genome expression data have demonstrated that 2-AA affects the expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, thus producing an oxidative stress signature in skeletal muscle. The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis signaling pathways were upregulated in the skeletal muscle of 2-AA-treated mice. To confirm the results of our transcriptome analysis, we used a novel high-resolution magic-angle-spinning (HRMAS), proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method and observed increased levels of bisallylic methylene fatty acyl protons and vinyl protons, suggesting that 2-AA induces skeletal muscle cell apoptosis. This effect was corroborated by our results demonstrating the downregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential in vivo in response to 2-AA. The findings of the present study indicate that the bacterial infochemical, 2-AA, disrupts mitochondrial functions by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling and likely promotes skeletal muscle dysfunction, which may favor chronic/persistent infection.
One-dimensional photonic crystals with resonant cavity modes (2004)

An introduction is given on the calculation of method of one-dimensional photonic crystals with resonant cavity modes, specially on the method of spectrum and electricity, transfer-matrix method. Based on the optical property of the structure, applications of the structure is presented. According to practical applications, the optimized structure is suggested to study.
Single-mode fibre grating written into Sagnac loop using photosensitive fibre: transmission filters (1989)

Fibre-based narrow band filters are of great importance in wavelength division multiplexing. Although narrow band reflection filters have been reported using in-fibre distributed grating reflectors, no experimental reports have been published so far of transmission filters.
Radar imaging via adaptive MIMO techniques (2006)

We investigate several adaptive techniques for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system. By transmit-ting independent waveforms via different antennas, the echoes due to targets at different locations are linearly independent of each other, which allows the direct application of many adaptive techniques. We discuss several adaptive radar imag-ing algorithms, which can provide excellent estimation ac-curacy of both target locations and target amplitudes, and high robustness to the array calibration errors. To reject the false peaks due to the strong jammers, we also propose a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). As shown by the numerical examples, the number of targets can be estimated accurately by using GLRT, and an accurate description of the target scenario can be obtained by combining the adap-tive radar imaging algorithms and the GLRT technique. 1.
Trichloroacetic Acid Peeling Versus Dermabrasion: A Histometric, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Comparison (2004)

The results of this study suggest that beneficial effects of such modalities on facial skin were accomplished primarily by increasing the amounts of collagen I and collagen III and improving the morphologic appearance of collagen and elastic fibers.
Diagnostic techniques in laser fusion research (1976)

The problems of diagnosing a laser-produced plasma are described. Some measuring methods for neutrons, x radiation, charged particles, and light are discussed. The use of plastic scintillators, x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray calorimetry, and x-ray photography is mentioned along with some other diagnostic techniques. (MOW)