gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changing Reactivity of a Bimetallic Surface via Oxidation: Reactions of Methanol on Oxygen-Covered Co Thin Films (1998)

Methanol reaction on oxygen-covered Co thin films deposited on Mo(110) exhibits selectivity different from reaction on the pure Co overlayers. The presence of oxygen favors partial oxidation to formaldehyde over decomposition to CO and H2. Other products evolved from methanol reaction on the Co−oxygen overlayer are CO, methyl radicals, H2O, H2, and methanol. In addition to inhibition of C−H bond breaking, oxidation also decreases the activity of the Co surface toward C−O and O−H bond scission, leading to a reduction in total reactivity. Furthermore, electron energy loss data show that the methoxide intermediate is stable up to high temperatures (∼450 K). The dependence of product yields on oxygen and Co coverages indicates that formaldehyde production occurs on oxygen-covered Co and does not result from oxygen-induced restructuring of the Co overlayer. These studies of oxygen-covered Co thin films on Mo(110) demonstrate that the activity of a bimetallic surface can be altered by the extent of oxidiation in a manner similar to oxidation of bulk transition metals.
Cyclosporin A induces cardiomyocyte injury through calcium-sensing receptor-mediated calcium overload. (2011)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether Cyclosporin-A (CsA)-induced myocardial injury is mediated by elevating the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) through the Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with CsA, with or without pretreatment with the CaSR-specific antagonist NPS2390 or the CaSR-specific agonist gadolinium chloride (GdCI3). At 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h after CsA treatment, the ultrastructural changes of the cardiomyocytes were observed. In addition, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) release from the cardiomyocytes, the [Ca2+]i and the level of CaSR expression were determined. With increasing time of CsA treatment, ultrastructural damage of cardimyocytes gradually aggrevated, LDH and CK release and [Ca2+]i also gradually increased. CaSR mRNA and protein expression increased at 4 h after CsA treatment. Compared with CsA treatment alone, pretreatment with NPS2390 lessened the ultrastructural damage of the cardiomyocytes as well as decreased the LDH and CK release, [Ca2+]i and the expression of the CaSR mRNA and protein. Conversely, pretreatment with GdCI3 aggravated the ultrastructural damage of the cardiomyocytes as well as increased LDH and CK release, [Ca2+]i and the expression of the CaSR mRNA and protein. These results demonstrate that CsA induced cardiomyocyte injury in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, CsA-induced cardiomyocyte injury was related to CaSR-mediated intracellular calcium overload. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms involved in CsA-induced myocardial injury.
The static actuation of dielectric elastomer actuators: how does pre-stretch improve actuation? (2008)

It has previously been shown that providing dielectric elastomer actuators with a level of pre-stretch can improve properties such as breakdown strength, actuation strain and efficiency. The actuation in such actuators depends on an interplay between the highly nonlinear hyperelastic stress–strain behaviour with the electrostatic Maxwell's stress; however, the direct effects of pre-stretch on the electromechanical coupling have still not been investigated in detail. We compare several experimental results found in the literature on the hyperelastic parameters of the Ogden model for the commonly used material VHB 4910, and introduce a more detailed and thus more accurate fit to a previous uniaxial stress–strain experiment. Electrostatic actuation models for a pure shear cuboid dielectric elastomer actuator with pre-stretch are introduced, for both intensive and extensive variables. For both intensive and extensive variables the constant strain (blocked stress or force) as well as the actuation strain is presented. It is shown how in the particular case of isotropic amorphous elastomers the pre-stretch does not affect the electromechanical coupling directly, and that the enhancement in actuation strain due to pre-stretch occurs through the alteration of the geometrical dimensions of the actuator. Also, the presence of the optimum load is explained as being due to the plateau region in the force–stretch curve, and it is shown that pre-stretch is not able to affect its position. Finally, it is shown how the simplified Ogden fit leads to entirely different conclusions for actuation strain in terms of extensive variables as does the detailed fit, emphasizing the importance of employing accurate hyperelastic models for the stress–stretch behaviour of the elastomer.
A fast, simple reactivation method for the study of HSV-1 latency in the rabbit ocular model. (1990)

We developed a simple, fast, economical, and versatile reactivation method for the study of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency in the rabbit ocular model. Intrastromal injection of sterile, deionized water induced reactivation and ocular shedding of latent HSV-1 in 21 of 27 eyes (78%) in 93% of New Zealand rabbits. Other control groups (eg, anterior chamber injection of sterile, deionized water; topical administration of sterile, deionized water; intrastromal injection of air; and intrastromal needle track), were less efficient in reactivating latent HSV-1. Although the mechanism of reactivation in this model is unknown, the reactivation signal may be related to the relative amount of corneal trauma.
The Incorporation of Steroid Molecules into Lecithin Sols, β‐Lipoproteins and Cellular Membranes (1968)

The dispersion of various steroids in aqueous solution with ovolecithin was investigated and the following molar ratios of lecithin to steroid obtained: cholesterol, 1:1; 7‐dehydrocholesterol, 13.3:1; ergosterol, 13.1:1; sitosterol, 2.0:1; sterophenol 4.2:1; cholesta‐4,6‐dien‐3‐one, 2.0:1; cholest‐4‐en‐3‐one, 1.7:1. The cholesterol contents of sterol‐depleted cellular membranes can be restored to their original level by incubation with plasma or an equimolar dispersion of cholesterol and ovolecithin, in the presence of 10% dimethylsulphoxide (v/v). Cholesta‐4,6‐dien‐3‐one, cholest‐4‐en‐3‐one, 7‐dehydrocholesterol and sterophenol can exchange readily with the cholesterol erythrocyte ghosts and can replace cholesterol molecules removed from the membrane. Ergosterol can do so only to a very limited extent. 7‐Dehydrocholesterol exchanges between rat erythrocyte ghosts and human piasma β‐lipo‐proteins in the same way as cholesterol. Cholesta‐4, 6‐dien‐3‐one and cholest‐4‐en‐3‐one also exchange but, in addition, there is a net uptake of these steroids by β‐lipoproteins. The extra steroid entering the lipoproteins is probably dissolved in the hydrophobic core of the latter. The exchange of cholesta‐4,6‐dien‐3‐one between erythocyte ghosts and lecithin/steroid dispersions or β‐lipoproteins is much more rapid than that of cholesterol. The rate of exchange of the dienone, like that of cholesterol, is increased by the addition of a small quantity of dismethylsulphoxide to the medium.
Measurements of Flow Around a Flap Side-Edge with Porous Edge Treatment (2006)

Wind tunnel experiments were performed to investigate a nap side-edge nowneld. A porous side-edge treatment was applied to a half span nap in an attempt to reduce the flap side-edge noise. Measurements taken were forces, on-surface pressures, particle image velocimetry, hotwire anemometry and on-surface microphones. Oil now was performed to visualise the on-surface now. Three potential acoustic sources were identified. The first two sources were the turbulent shear layer reattaching on the side-edge and on the upper surface. A mid-frequency broadband hump was measured by an on-surface microphone at the point of reattachment of the turbulent shear layer on the flap side-edge. The third source was a low frequency instability in the vortex due to non-linear vortical interactions upstream of the flap. This instability was measured by a hotwire in the downstream vortex and by an on-surface microphone in the main element flap cove. The effect of the porous side-edge was to reduce the magnitude of vorticity in the turbulent shear layer and the vortex. It was most noticeable in reducing the mid frequency broadband hump. It also had the effect of displacing the vortex further away from the flap surface. This reduced the magnitude of the low frequency perturbations from the unstable vortex that interacted with the solid surface.
Multiple roles of the capsid protein in the early steps of HIV-1 infection (2012)

The early steps of HIV-1 infection starting after virus entry into cells up to integration of its genome into host chromosomes are poorly understood. From seminal work showing that HIV-1 and oncoretroviruses follow different steps in the early stages post-entry, significant advances have been made in recent years and an important role for the HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein, the constituent of the viral core, has emerged. CA appears to orchestrate several events, such as virus uncoating, recognition by restriction factors and the innate immune system. It also plays a role in nuclear import and integration of HIV-1 and has become a novel target for antiretroviral drugs. Here we describe the different functions of CA and how they may be integrated into one or more coherent models that illuminate the early events in HIV-1 infection and their relations with the host cell.
Detection of antigens and antibodies in the urine of humans with Plasmodium falciparum malaria (1991)

Humans infected with Plasmodium falciparum frequently have elevated levels of proteins in their urine, but it is unclear if any of these proteins are parasite antigens or antimalarial antibodies. To resolve this question, urine samples from malaria patients and controls living in Thailand and Ghana were evaluated. Urine samples from 85% of the patients had elevated protein levels and contained proteins with Mrs ranging from less than 29,000 to greater than 224,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antisera were produced against urine from infected and control subjects. Antisera raised against infected, but not control, urine were positive by indirect immunofluorescence on P. falciparum parasites and immunoprecipitated approximately 12 unique bands from extracts of parasites metabolically labeled with 35S-methionine. These data suggest that a variety of P. falciparum antigens are released into urine during acute infection. It is also likely that anti-P. falciparum antibodies are present in the urine of malaria patients because samples from these patients, but not controls, were positive in indirect immunofluorescence assays and immunoprecipitated at least 19 P. falciparum antigens from extracts of metabolically labeled parasites. The detection of malarial antigens and antibodies in urine may lead to a new approach for the diagnosis of malaria.
Automatic Vector-based Road Structure Mapping Using Multi-beam LiDAR (2018)

In this paper, we studied a SLAM method for vector-based road structure mapping using multi-beam LiDAR. We proposed to use the polyline as the primary mapping element instead of grid cell or point cloud, because the vector-based representation is precise and lightweight, and it can directly generate vector-based High-Definition (HD) driving map as demanded by autonomous driving systems. We explored: 1) the extraction and vectorization of road structures based on local probabilistic fusion. 2) the efficient vector-based matching between frames of road structures. 3) the loop closure and optimization based on the pose-graph. In this study, we took a specific road structure, the road boundary, as an example. We applied the proposed matching method in three different scenes and achieved the average absolute matching error of 0.07 m. We further applied the vector-based mapping system to a road with the length of 860 meters and achieved an average global accuracy of 0.466 m without the aid of GPS.
Ringschlußreaktionen an heterocyclischen Sechs‐ und Siebenringsystemen (1974)

Abstract 2,3‐Dihydro‐4‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,5‐benzothiazepin ( 3 ) reagiert mit Säureanhydriden unter Bildung von Derivaten des 7 H ‐[1]Benzopyran0[3,4‐ c ][I,5]benzothiazepins 6 , eine analoge Ringschlußreaktion tritt mit dem 2,3‐Dihydro‐4‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1 H ‐1,5‐benzodiazepin ( 2 ) und Anhydriden ein. Während auch die Benzothiazin‐ und Chinoxalinderivate 18 bzw. 21 in entsprechender Weise reagieren, zeigten das nicht benzokondensierte Thiazepin 4 sowie das Diazepin 5b abweichende Reaktionen.
Semantic Context Detection Using Audio Event Fusion (2006)

Semantic-level content analysis is a crucial issue in achieving efficient content retrieval and management. We propose a hierarchical approach that models audio events over a time series in order to accomplish semantic context detection. Two levels of modeling, audio event and semantic context modeling, are devised to bridge the gap between physical audio features and semantic concepts. In this work, hidden Markov models (HMMs) are used to model four representative audio events, that is, gunshot, explosion, engine, and car braking, in action movies. At the semantic context level, generative (ergodic hidden Markov model) and discriminative (support vector machine (SVM)) approaches are investigated to fuse the characteristics and correlations among audio events, which provide cues for detecting gunplay and car-chasing scenes. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches and provide a preliminary framework for information mining by using audio characteristics.
NMR characterization of the full‐length recombinant murine prion protein, <i>m</i>PrP(23–231) (1997)

The recombinant murine prion protein, mPrP(23-231), was expressed in E. coli with uniform 15N-labeling. NMR experiments showed that the previously determined globular three-dimensional structure of the C-terminal domain mPrP(121-231) is preserved in the intact protein, and that the N-terminal polypeptide segment 23-120 is flexibly disordered. This structural information is based on nearly complete sequence-specific assignments for the backbone amide nitrogens, amide protons and alpha-protols of the polypeptide segment of residues 121-231 in mPrP(23-231). Coincidence of corresponding sequential and medium-range nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) showed that the helical secondary structures previously identified in mPrP(121-231) are also present in mPrP(23-231), and near-identity of corresponding amide nitrogen and amide proton chemical shifts indicates that the three-dimensional fold of mPrP(121-231) is also preserved in the intact protein. The linewidths in heteronuclear 1H-15N correlation spectra and 15N[1H]-NOEs showed that the well structured residues 126-230 have correlation times of several nanoseconds, as is typical for small globular proteins, whereas correlation times shorter than 1 nanosecond were observed for all residues of mPrP(23-231) outside of this domain.
Impacts of Vanpooling in Pennsylvania and Future Opportunities (2010)

This study conducted a state survey to assess the feasibility of expanded vanpool operations in Pennsylvania and financing models available. An overview of current commuting patterns and vanpool operations in Pennsylvania is presented and an employer-based survey of attitudes toward vanpool programs was conducted among five firm-based organizations in South Central Pennsylvania in 2010. In addition, a cost-benefit analysis of vanpool programs and options for financing increased statewide vanpool programs was studied.
Real-Time All-Optical Waveform Sampling Using a Free-Running Passively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser as the Sampling Pulse Source (2006)

Using the newly developed eye-construction algorithm, we demonstrate a cost-effective all-optical sampling system, incorporating a free-running sampling pulse source. Polarization-insensitive eye-diagram construction of 160-Gb/s signals is realized at 0.3 sec/scan in the entire C band.
A Simple Procedure for α-Methylenation or γ- and δ-Lactones (1978)

Journal Article A Simple Procedure for α-Methylenation or γ- and δ-Lactones Get access Akira Tanaka, Akira Tanaka Department oj Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kyohei Yamashita Kyohei Yamashita Department oj Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 42, Issue 8, 1 August 1978, Pages 1585–1588, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1978.10863208 Published: 01 August 1978 Article history Received: 21 April 1978 Published: 01 August 1978
Potentiation of myocardial salvage by tissue type plasminogen activator in combination with a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor in ischemic cat myocardium. (1988)

We studied the effects of a thrombolytic agent (t-PA) and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (CGS-13080) in a model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 2 hours followed by 4 hours of reperfusion in anesthetized cats results in a large washout of creatine kinase into the blood (32 +/- 7 IU/mg protein) and an area of necrotic tissue comprising 52 +/- 5% of the area at risk and 9 +/- 0.6% of the left ventricle. Intravenous administration of t-PA (500 IU/kg.min) for 30 minutes alone at reperfusion or infusion of CGS-13080 (500 micrograms/kg.hr) had no effect on washout of creatine kinase or extent of necrotic tissue development. Administration of the same doses of both t-PA and CGS-13080 together markedly attenuated creatine kinase release to 10 +/- 2 IU/mg protein (p less than 0.01) and reduced the area of necrotic tissue to 9 +/- 2% of the area at risk and only 1.3 +/- 0.3% of the left ventricle (p less than 0.001). No significant sustained effects of these agents were observed on mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, or the pressure rate index in these experiments. Thus, t-PA and CGS-13080 exert synergistic effects in preserving myocardial integrity in cats subjected to acute myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion. The mechanism of this beneficial effect does not appear to be via reduced myocardial oxygen demand, increased myocardial oxygen supply, or enhanced inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation. The mechanism of this anti-ischemic effect is not clear but may involve a metabolic or a cytoprotective effect.
Can a One-Item Mood Scale Do the Trick? Predicting Relapse over 5.5-Years in Recurrent Depression (2012)

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Register Identifier: ISRCTN68246470.
Targeting the host immune response to fight infection (2014)

Strategies to modify immune responses to infection can be found in our genome
The Role of Patient Participation in the Doctor Visit: Implications for adherence to diabetes care (1996)

For patients, treatment of diabetes involves complex changes in basic behaviors and adherence to complicated regimens. Understanding the factors that enable patients to adhere to diabetes treatment is the first step to designing effective interventions. Researchers of diabetes care have postulated that increasing diabetic patients' participation in medical decision making during the doctor visit is likely to improve their adherence to self-care. However, a critical review of the impact of patient participation on diabetic patients adherence to self-care is absent from the literature. We review the subject of patient participation in medical decision making and its effect on adherence to self-care for patients with diabetes. We introduce a model of the determinants of adherence to diabetes self-care that incorporates the effects of patient participation in medical decision making. In this model, we suggest three ways that patient participation can affect adherence to self-care: 1) it may have a direct effect; 2) it may affect adherence to self-care indirectly by affecting patients' understanding of their treatment regimen or the fit of their regimen with their lifestyle; and 3) perceived omissions of participation can affect adherence to self-care indirectly through an effect on patient satisfaction. Research is needed to identify more clearly which components of patient participation affect adherence to self-care and in what ways. Distinguishing patient and physician behaviors that contribute to the process of patient participation would provide a means to develop specific behavioral interventions.
A facile route to synthesize chalcopyrite CuInSe<sub>2</sub>nanocrystals in non-coordinating solvent (2006)

A facile route for synthesizing CuInSe2 nanocrystals was developed using an alkanethiol as ligand and noncoordinating octadecene as solvent. The CuInSe2 nanoparticles and nanoplates were obtained, depending on the reaction temperature and time. When the reaction temperature was set at 180 °C and reaction for an hour, CuInSe2 nanoparticles with an average size of 6.2 nm were produced. As the reaction time was prolonged to 3 h, nanoplates appeared inside the nanoparticles. When the reaction temperature was elevated to 210 °C and reaction for 3 h, triangular or hexagonal CuInSe2 nanoplates with sharp edges were synthesized. It was proposed that the Ostwald ripening induced the morphology evolution of the CuInSe2 nanoparticles into nanoplates at the higher temperature. The nanoparticles and nanoplates were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The UV–vis absorption spectra of the CuInSe2 nanoparticles were significantly blue-shifted in comparison with the bulk material due to the quantum confinement.
PREPARATION OF W/O/W EMULSIONS IN AN EDIBLE FORM ON THE BASIS OF PHASE INVERSION TECHNIQUE (1985)

ABSTRACT An attempt was made to provide a basic composition and simple technique for preparing the W/O/W emulsions in an edible form in a view to possible food applications of this type of emulsions. It has been found that TGCR (tetraglyceryl condensed ricinoleate), which is one of the hydrophobic food surfactants, plays a relevant role in developing water/olive oil/water emulsions due to the phase inversion phenomenon occuring when an aqueous solution of glucose or sodium chloride or acetic acid is being introduced successively into the mixture of TGCR and olive oil. The existence of a small amount of sodium chloride (around 10 mM) in the aqueous phase facilitated the development of a water/olive oil/water-type dispersion. The durability of oil layer on the surface of the aqueous compartments in the W/O/W emulsions prepared was much improved by addition of sodium chloride to the aqueous phase.