gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on polynucleotides. CXLIII. A rapid and convenient method for the synthesis of deoxyribooligonucleotides carrying 5'-phosphate end groups using a new protecting group (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on polynucleotides. CXLIII. A rapid and convenient method for the synthesis of deoxyribooligonucleotides carrying 5'-phosphate end groups using a new protecting groupK. L. Agarwal, Y. A. Berlin, H. J. Fritz, M. J. Gait, D. G. Kleid, R. G. Lees, K. E. Norris, B. Ramamoorthy, and H. G. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5, 1065–1072Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00421a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1019 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sensing and reference pads for integrated optical immunosensors (1997)

For integrated optical immunosensors, a much more reliable interpretation of the sensor output signal can be achieved by introducing reference pads near the sensing pads, in order to separate specific from nonspecific effects. The results of theoretical and experimental investigations are reported for immunosensors based on measuring changes of the effective refractive index due to the binding of analyte molecules. The emphasis is on the correction for variations of the light wavelength, the angle of incidence, and the temperature for integrated optical grating coupler chips. Using the binding of rabbit immunoglobulin to immobilized protein A as a regenerable model bioaffinity system, the influence of consecutive assay cycles on the two pads has been investigated. Experiments have been performed using sensor chips consisting of TiO2 waveguiding films on fused silica and on replicated polycarbonate substrates.
Speaker change detection and tracking in real-time news broadcasting analysis (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of real time speaker change detection and speaker tracking in broadcasted news video analysis. In such a case, both speaker identities and number of speakers are assumed unknown. A two-step speaker change detection algorithm, including potential change detection and refinement, is proposed. Speaker tracking is performed based on the results of speaker change detection. A Bayesian Fusion method is used to fuse multiple audio features to get a more reliable result. The algorithm has low complexity and runs in real-time with a very limited delay in analysis. Our experiments show that the algorithms produce very satisfactory results.
An Empirical Study of Iterative Data-Flow Analysis (2006)

The iterative algorithm is widely used to solve instances of data-flow analysis problems. The algorithm is attractive because it is easy to implement and robust in its behavior. The theory behind the iterative algorithm establishes a set of conditions where the algorithm runs in at most d(G)+3 passes over the graph - a round-robin algorithm, running a "rapid" framework, on a reducible graph (Kam and Ulman, 1976). Fortunately, these restrictions encompass many practical analyses used in code optimization. Even when the rapid restrictions are not met, the iterative algorithm still terminates and produces correct results for a broad class of problems. Given the ubiquity of the iterative algorithm, it is important for compiler writers to understand the performance tradeoffs of different implementations of the algorithm. This paper lays out a number of different data structures to speed up the iterative algorithm using a worklist approach and shows carefully designed experiments using three different iteration-based analyses. Our experience shows not only that the worklist algorithm is significantly faster than the round-robin approach, but that this advantage can be reversed if mistakes are made in the worklist implementation
A base-pairing interaction between U2 and U6 small nuclear RNAs occurs in > 150S complexes in HeLa cell extracts: implications for the spliceosome assembly pathway. (1993)

In mammalian cells, base pairing between the U2 and U6 small nuclear RNAs is required during pre-RNA splicing. We show by psoralen crosslinking of HeLa nuclear extract that U2.U6 base pairing occurs within abundant ribonucleoprotein complexes that sediment at > 150 S in glycerol gradients. All of the spliceosomal RNAs (U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6) cosediment with these large complexes, suggesting that they may be related to small nuclear RNA-containing structures called speckles/coiled bodies or snurposomes, which have been visualized in mammalian or amphibian nuclei, respectively. In contrast to nuclear extract, S100 extract, which is splicing-defective and lacks the > 150S complexes, does not contain base-paired U2.U6. However, U2.U6 base pairs form in S100 extract that has been made splicing-competent by supplementation with Ser/Arg-rich (SR) proteins, ATP, and an adenovirus splicing substrate. During splicing in supplemented S100 extract, U2.U6 base pairing precedes the appearance of splicing intermediates and occurs initially in an approximately 60S spliceosome complex but also in progressively larger (100-300 S) complexes. Possible functional relationships between the 60S spliceosome and the > 150S complexes are discussed.
Delta glycophorin (glycophorin B) gene deletion in two individuals homozygous for the S--s--U-- blood group phenotype (1987)

Blood cells from two unrelated individuals whose erythrocytes exhibit respectively N S-s-U- and MN S-s-U- blood group phenotypes were examined by immunoblotting, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and Southern blotting. Protein bands characteristic of delta glycophorin (glycophorin B) were absent from the immunoblots of whole erythrocyte lysates when probed with polyclonal glycophorin antisera and from isolated erythrocyte membranes stained with PAS reagents. Genomic DNA from the two individuals' leukocytes was digested with a panel of restriction enzymes and probed with alpha M glycophorin cDNA obtained from human K562 leukemic cell line. The EcoRI, PstI, and KpnI restriction site patterns were identical to those of S+s+U+ controls in fragment numbers and relative size but differed from controls in band intensities. Restriction mapping with HindIII, PvuII, SacI, MspI, and BamHI revealed that S-s-U- individuals lack fragments that are reproducibly observed in S+s+U+ controls, and most likely encode delta glycophorin. Using truncated 5' and 3' cDNA segments as probes and comparing, in control individuals, hybridization intensities of fragments with amino acid sequence homologies, we have inferred the assignment of restriction fragments to the alpha and delta glycophorin genes. Our results suggest that the absence of delta glycophorin in the two S-s-U- individuals is a result of deletion of the entire delta glycophorin gene. This is the first report of a glycophorin gene deletion.
Selenium Poisoning From a Nutritional Supplement (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Selenium poisoning is rare in the United States. We describe a case of a man poisoned by selenium-containing vitamin tablets. A 36-year-old man was referred to us for evaluation of generalized alopecia, nail changes, and paresthesias after initiating vitamins as part of holistic therapy for fatigue. He was instructed to take two tablets every hour until he developed loose stools, and thereafter 10 tablets a day. During the first week of therapy, he developed diarrhea, worsening fatigue, and hair loss. He also noted a tingling sensation in his extremities and scalp. He maintained the regimen for another week, during which he became completely bald. At that time, he discontinued the vitamins. Color changes were noted in his fingernails and toenails several days later. At our examination 2 weeks after discontinuation of therapy, he appeared healthy with normal vital signs. His physical examination was remarkable for early regrowth
Interferometric measurement of the refractive index and the thermo-optic coefficient of semiconductor-doped glasses (1999)

We report on an interferometric technique based on two-dimensional Fourier fringe analysis for measuring the refractive indices and the thermo-optic coefficients of semiconductor-doped glasses suitable for optical waveguide fabrication. The principle of the measurement method is discussed. The thermo-optic coefficients of semiconductor-doped Schott glass filters have been determined in the temperature range 25-85 °C.
Novel mechanism of intracellular calcium release in pituitary cells. (1991)

In sea urchin eggs an enzymatic metabolite of beta-NAD+, called cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), is as potent and powerful a releaser of sequestered intracellular Ca2+ as is inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). The enzyme that synthesizes cADPR is present in several vertebrate animal tissues, but the Ca(2+)-releasing activity of cADPR has not been described in mammalian cells. We report here that incubation of beta-NAD+ with cell-free extracts of several rat tissues (including pituitary gland) generates a product which releases intracellular Ca2+ stores in permeabilized rat pituitary GH4C1 cells. This product has the biological characteristics of cADPR (it acts after depletion of the IP3 stores and after blockade of the IP3 receptor by heparin). The response is mimicked, in a concentration-dependent manner, by authentic cADPR and is desensitized by prior incubation with cADPR. We conclude that cADPR is not only synthesized by certain mammalian cells but also acts in such cells to release compartmentalized intracellular Ca2+ by a mechanism that differs from that used by IP3. Therefore, cADPR may serve, in addition to IP3, as a second messenger for intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in mammalian cells.
A contention-based initial beam search scheme for mmWave cellular communications (2017)

In this paper, we study a contention-based beam search procedure for directional communication in a Millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular network. A beam search procedure is required for directional alignment/spatial synchronization between the base station (BS) and a user Equipment (UE) to get beamforming (BF) gain in the mmWave communication. We propose a beam search procedure, which is performed by BS and multiple UEs to establish physical link based on contention in the initial access phase, without any prior knowledge and feedback channel. The proposed scheme enables multiple UEs to perform beam search procedures with the BS simultaneously. Also that enables the BS to select multiple UEs and corresponding beam pairs that can maximize the achievable sum rate.
Chemoprevention of oral cancer (1994)

The most definitive and direct way to show that a putative chemoprevention agent actually prevents cancer would be to demonstrate a reduction in cancer incidence in a clinical trial. From a practical standpoint this approach is not feasible for most cancers. Therefore, it becomes necessary to draw conclusions on chemopreventive activity through consideration of indirect lines of evidence, one of which is activity in premalignant lesions such as leukoplakia. As a corollary, it must be emphasized that the goal of undertaking chemoprevention trials in oral leukoplakia is to develop approaches for the prevention of oral cancer. Because the risk of cancer in the usual leukoplakia lesion is low, only non-toxic agents should be tested in this setting and they should be suited for eventual use in a prevention setting. Beta-carotene and vitamin E, unlike the retinoids, fulfill the criteria for a suitable chemopreventive agent and several lines of evidence point to a preventive role for them against oral cancer. These include laboratory in vitro and animal model findings, but the strongest evidence comes from epidemiologic studies which uniformly suggest protection by beta-carotene against head and neck cancer. Much like the retinoids, but without toxicity, beta-carotene and vitamin E can produce regression of oral leukoplakia, a premalignant lesion for oral cancer, as has now been shown in eight clinical trials, five with beta-carotene alone, one with vitamin E alone and two that used these agents as part of combinations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of pump and seed modulation on the mode instability thresholds of fiber amplifiers (2012)

Using numerical simulations of thermally induced mode coupling we show how the instability threshold can be substantially reduced if the pump or injected signal is modulated in the kHz range. We also show how the mode coupling gain varies with the frequency offset of the parasitic mode. We model thresholds when the source of detuned light is quantum background, amplitude modulation of the pump power, and amplitude modulation of the signal seed. We suggest several key experimental and modeling tests of our model.
A method using V-grooves to monitor the thickness of silicon membrane with m resolution (1998)

This article presents a method capable of easily identifying the membrane thickness of micro-sensors by a V-groove depth ruler that has been made in advance on silicon wafers before sensor fabrication. The proposed method not only provides a viable alternative to other etch-stop techniques, but can also be used as an in situ tool for depth or thickness monitoring with micrometer resolution. Without p+ diffusion or an n-epitaxial layer on silicon substrates, the batch processing capability of silicon piezoresisitve micro-sensors can be preserved with V-grooves. Furthermore, the method proposed herein could also calibrate the etching rate of anisotropic etching solutions, check the uniformity of pressure sensors and offer guidelines on how to further improve the batch process of silicon bulk micro-machining. Moreover, a revised shape of V-groove depth ruler with self-alignment capability is also proposed herein.
Mineral Nutrient Requirements of Cucumber Seedlings (1973)

Mineral nutrient requirements for maximum growth rate of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings are estimated on the basis of three criteria. 1. The optimal weight proportions among the nutrients present in the seedlings. In relation to N = 100, close to 75 K, 13 P, 9 Ca, and 9 Mg are required. 2. The optimal ratio between the nitrogen sources NH(4) and NO(3) in the solution. The best growth is recorded with about equivalent amounts. Nitrate alone is also highly productive. Cucumber prefers nitrate and is sensitive to high ammonium concentrations. 3. The optimal total concentration in the solution corresponds to 200 to 300 milligrams of nitrogen per liter, with the proportions of the nutrients according to criterion 1. Simple growth methods are suggested in which the three criteria are fulfilled.Calcium, especially, is found to accumulate in older leaves. It is proposed that this is not an expression for a physiological requirement for calcium but a mechanism for deposition of excess uptake important in adaptation to calcareous soils. This mechanism also operates at low calcium uptake rates, causing deficiency in the young parts, despite relatively high contents in the old leaves. Cucumber is therefore interpreted to be an obligate calcicole. The results are discussed in relation to similar experiments with birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh.) seedlings, a species able to grow on very acid soils.
Treatment of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-Related Complex with a Regimen of 3′-Azido-2′,3′-Dideoxythymidine (Azidothymidine or Zidovudine) and Acyclovir (1988)

On the basis of observation that acyclovir potentiates the in-vitro antiviral activity of 3-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (also known as azidothymidine or zidovudine) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we administered a regimen of azidothymidine and acyclovir to eight patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex. An oral regimen of 100 mg of azidothymidine and 800 mg of acyclovir every 4 hours was in general well tolerated, with the principal toxicity being megaloblastic erythroid changes. The pharmacokinetics of the two drugs were independent of each other. Six patients received the drug combination for at least 10 weeks; all had increased numbers of T4+ lymphocytes (P = 0.028), and two of three assessable patients had reversal of anergy. Two patients tested positive for serum HIV p24 antigen at entry, but became negative with treatment. Data for this small group suggest that this drug combination can be tolerated in patients with severe HIV infections; this study can be used as a basis for larger studies of this drug combination.
Pulse-Per-Second API for UNIX-like Operating Systems, Version 1.0 (2000)

RFC 1589 describes a UNIX kernel implementation model for high- precision time-keeping. This model is meant for use in conjunction with the Network Time Protocol (NTP, RFC 1305), or similar time synchronization protocols. One aspect of this model is an accurate interface to the high-accuracy, one pulse-per-second (PPS) output typically available from precise time sources (such as a GPS or GOES receiver). RFC 1589 did not define an API for managing the PPS facility, leaving implementors without a portable means for using PPS sources. This document specifies such an API.
Comparison of the lithographic properties of positive resists upon exposure to deep- and extreme-ultraviolet radiation (1999)

Nineteen chemically amplified ultrathin resists were imaged using exposure to extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) (13.4 nm) and deep-ultraviolet (DUV) (248 nm) radiation. Direct comparisons were made of photospeed, resolution, and line edge roughness (LER). The photospeed of these resists at 248 nm shows a good correlation with photospeed at EUV for three polymer types, but appears independent of photoacid generator type. This result underscores the importance of the polymer in photoacid generation at EUV. Resolution showed poor correlation between DUV and EUV. Correlations were made between the line edge roughness of EUV-imaged features and unexposed film thickness loss, resist contrast, image log slope (ILS), and LER of resists exposed at DUV. Both contrast and image log slope play important roles in defining LER performance—where the best LER is achieved at high contrast and high ILS.
Reverse‐time profile migration (1987)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987Reverse‐time profile migrationAuthors: Kun Hua ChenKun Hua ChenChevron USA Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1891967 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1891967FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByCoupled equations for reverse time migration in transversely isotropic mediaPaul J. Fowler, Xiang Du, and Robin P. Fletcher2 February 2010 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 75, No. 1 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1987 Pages: 923 publication data© 1987 Copyright © 1987 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Kun Hua Chen, (1987), "Reverse‐time profile migration," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 758-760. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1891967 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Methods of monitoring ovarian function and predicting ovulation: summary of a meeting. (1985)

This report summarizes the proceedings of an international meeting sponsored by Family Health International on methods of monitoring ovarian function and predicting ovulation. The imprecision of current indirect methods for predicting the timing of ovulation, as well as pressures from natural family planning, artificial insemination, and in vitro fertilization programs, have provided impetus for advances in this field. Among the purposes of the meeting were to identify the limitations and potential of available methods of monitoring ovarian function and predicting ovulation, define those approaches requiring further development, and stimulate the collaboration necessary for production of a new generation of techniques. This report highlights the current status of indicators that have been used to predict the limits of the fertile period and the time of ovulation. Natural family planning indices reviewed include cervical mucus, basal body temperature (BBT), algorithms for prospectively interpreting BBT, the symptothermal method (STM), and cervical changes. Other indices discussed include ultrasound monitoring, gonadotropin measurement, steroid metabolites, enzymes and ions, pregnancy, and prolactin in lactating women. Combinations of 2 or more methods can delineate the fertile period in over 95% of cycles. If the exact timing of ovulation needs to be predicted, cervical mucus or STM should be augmented by indices such as increase in follicle size, the rise or peak in luteinizing hormone levels, attainment of peak estradiol, or the initial rise in progesterone. Technological improvements in the endpoints used in immunoassays could lead to development of self-tests and reduce costs. Research in 3 areas might improve the effectiveness of physiologic and biochemical indicators: 1) the fertile spans of gametes within the female tract, 2) spontaneous early embryonic loss; and 3) lactational amenorrhea. Close collaboration between laboratory scientists and directors of family planning programs would facilitate this research.
2D luminescence imaging of pH in vivo (2011)

Luminescence imaging of biological parameters is an emerging field in biomedical sciences. Tools to study 2D pH distribution are needed to gain new insights into complex disease processes, such as wound healing and tumor metabolism. In recent years, luminescence-based methods for pH measurement have been developed. However, for in vivo applications, especially for studies on humans, biocompatibility and reliability under varying conditions have to be ensured. Here, we present a referenced luminescent sensor for 2D high-resolution imaging of pH in vivo. The ratiometric sensing scheme is based on time-domain luminescence imaging of FITC and ruthenium(II)tris-(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline). To create a biocompatible 2D sensor, these dyes were bound to or incorporated into microparticles (aminocellulose and polyacrylonitrile), and particles were immobilized in polyurethane hydrogel on transparent foils. We show sensor precision and validity by conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments, and we show the versatility in imaging pH during physiological and chronic cutaneous wound healing in humans. Implementation of this technique may open vistas in wound healing, tumor biology, and other biomedical fields.