gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis of the EEG and auditory evoked potentials for monitoring depth of anesthesia (2002)

A principal factor analysis was performed on EEG and AEP parameters, simultaneously recorded during anesthesia. The results showed that parameters from the EEG spectrum and the latencies of peaks In the AEP change with the level of anesthesia, while the amplitudes of the AEP reflect a balance between the sedative effect of anesthesia and the arousing effect of surgical stimulation. It is concluded that the EEG and AEP monitor different aspects of anesthesia.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Well-Defined Melanoma Antigens as Progression Markers for Melanoma: Insights into Differential Expression and Host Response Based on Stage (2006)

Decades of investigation have sought the identification of melanoma antigens associated with immune-mediated tumor destruction. These efforts arose from a need for effective therapies as limited options for patients with advanced disease exist. Compelling evidence showed that melanoma stimulates
The effect of non-visual preview upon the walking speed of visually impaired people (1986)

Abstract Blind pedestrians lack preview of their environment and as a consequence they frequently adopt a slow walking speed. Electronic mobility aids have been designed to increase preview, and thus thinking time, over and above that provided by a long cane, but their ranges have been chosen on somewhat arbitrary grounds. Previous work on the effects of varying preview upon mobility have used artificial indoor environments. In addition, they have used either sight or an aid with a complicated display, the Swedish Laser Cane, as the medium through which to present the preview. The present experiment provided subjects with varying amounts of preview via an electronic mobility aid, the Sonic Pathfinder, as they walked a simple outdoor route. Their walking speed was recorded and found to increase significantly with increased preview. The range of the Sonic Pathfinder has now been increased on the strength of this experiment.
Directionally Convolutional Networks for 3D Shape Segmentation (2017)

Previous approaches on 3D shape segmentation mostly rely on heuristic processing and hand-tuned geometric descriptors. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D shape representation learning approach, Directionally Convolutional Network (DCN), to solve the shape segmentation problem. DCN extends convolution operations from images to the surface mesh of 3D shapes. With DCN, we learn effective shape representations from raw geometric features, i.e., face normals and distances, to achieve robust segmentation. More specifically, a two-stream segmentation framework is proposed: one stream is made up by the proposed DCN with the face normals as the input, and the other stream is implemented by a neural network with the face distance histogram as the input. The learned shape representations from the two streams are fused by an element-wise product. Finally, Conditional Random Field (CRF) is applied to optimize the segmentation. Through extensive experiments conducted on benchmark datasets, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms the current state-of-the-arts (both classic and deep learning-based) on a large variety of 3D shapes.
Ras/Raf signalling and emerging pharmacotherapeutic targets (2002)

The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway is a ubiquitously expressed signalling module that regulates the proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells. This pathway features several oncogenes and is deregulated in approximately 30% of all human cancers. Thus, it has emerged as a prime target for antitumour therapy. Drugs targeting Ras, Raf or MEK are currently in clinical trials. They comprise vaccines, isoprenylation inhibitors, antisense compounds and kinase inhibitors. Most are remarkably well tolerated and some show promising efficacy. However, it is not clear which components of this pathway should be targeted and how maximum efficacy can be achieved. This paper reviews the current efforts with an emphasis on new mechanistic and conceptual approaches.
Cyclic Oscillations of Basal Plasma Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Human Beings (1979)

In a study of whether oscillations in plasma glucose and insulin occur in human beings, plasma samples were taken at one-minute intervals from 10 normal subjects for periods lasting between one and two hours. In five subjects the basal plasma insulin concentrations cycled regularly, with a mean period of 13 minutes and mean amplitude of 1.6 mU per liter (11.5 pmol per liter). A concurrent plasma glucose cycle was demonstrated, with a mean amplitude (after averaging to minimize random error) of 0.05 mmol per liter (1 mg per decliter). The average plasma glucose cycle was two minutes in advance of the plasma insulin. In the subjects with less regular plasma insulin cycles, a similar plasma glucose rise was demonstrated two minutes before the insulin rise. These phase relations are compatible with the presence of a negative-feedback loop between the liver and pancreatic beta cells that regulates both basal plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, although the cyclic beta-cell secretion could be independent of plasma glucose.
Human genome--chromosome no. 19. (1995)

Chromosome 19 is short but has higher relative density of genes than other chromosomes. Increasing number of the genes coding for proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases have been mapped on chromosome 19. Mutations of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) result in one of the most frequent mendelian inherited disorder-familial hypercholesterolemia. Mutations of insulin receptor (INSR) are causative for rare syndromes of insulin resistance and some of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) mutations are causative for rare primary familial and congenital polycythemias (PFCP). Defects of one of the largest gene in the human genome RYR 1 (ryanodine receptor gene) (> 240 kb in size) accounts for majority of malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease (CCD). All these disorders represent group of receptor diseases. The amplification of GCT trinucleotide repeats in myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene is causative for myotonic dystrophy (DM) and represents a new class of human gene mutations: trinucleotide repeat mutations. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) locus plays a role in pathogenesis of the late onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Translocation of EA2 gene which encodes two helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription proteins and its fusion with PBXI or hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) leads to the leukemogenesis in subgroup of ALL. Interestingly adeno-associated virus (AAV), currently widely used as vector for gene therapy has unique capability of specific integration into human chromosome 19q.
First evidence of overlaps between HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD) and non-viral neurodegenerative diseases: proteomic analysis of the frontal cortex from HIV+ patients with and without dementia (2010)

These results suggest not only convergent pathogenetic pathways for the two diseases but also the possibility of increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility in HAD patients whose life expectancy has been significantly increased by highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Mitigation and analysis of arc faults in automotive DC networks (2004)

The introduction of system voltages higher than 24 VDC in vehicles, forces considerable component and system changes regarding reliability and electrical safety. In the instance of an arc fault, e.g. when a wire is cut, pinched, chafed or breaks under load, or an arc is drawn between disconnecting terminals, the resulting fault current may be significantly lower than the trip current of common protection devices such as fuses or circuit breakers. In these cases, the fault is cleared late (depending on the time/current characteristics) or, in some cases, not at all. The authors discuss different types of arc faults and introduce approaches to deal with them.
A Hybrid Reconfiguration Algorithm for Fast Continuous Query Processing (2009)

With increasing hardware capabilities and network capacity, applications operating on streams of data are becoming more prevalent in the computing industry. Used in areas from security such as packet-sniffing intrusion detection software packages to the financial world attempting to model the stock market to map out future trends, algorithms for processing these unbounded streams are growing in necessity. Traditional database management systems fall short, as they are limited to bounded data. Therefore, stream management systems are required, as well as algorithms to efficiently process these data streams. Furthermore, these algorithms must be agile, adaptive and suitable for a wide range of operating conditions. In this paper, we design a hybrid algorithm to find optimized join trees for continuous stream queries. Our experimental results show that this hybrid algorithm can generate more efficient join trees than its components under a wide range of varied conditions.
The lack of a systematic validation of reference genes: a serious pitfall undervalued in reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis in plants (2008)

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approaches have been used in a large proportion of transcriptome analyses published to date. The accuracy of the results obtained by this method strongly depends on accurate transcript normalization using stably expressed genes, known as references. Statistical algorithms have been developed recently to help validate reference genes, and most studies of gene expression in mammals, yeast and bacteria now include such validation. Surprisingly, this important approach is under-utilized in plant studies, where putative housekeeping genes tend to be used as references without any appropriate validation. Using quantitative RT-PCR, the expression stability of several genes commonly used as references was tested in various tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana and hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides). It was found that the expression of most of these genes was unstable, indicating that their use as references is inappropriate. The major impact of the use of such inappropriate references on the results obtained by RT-PCR is demonstrated in this study. Using aspen as a model, evidence is presented indicating that no gene can act as a universal reference, implying the need for a systematic validation of reference genes. For the first time, the extent to which the lack of a systematic validation of reference genes is a stumbling block to the reliability of results obtained by RT-PCR in plants is clearly shown.
PhotoCity (2011)

Large-scale, ground-level urban imagery has recently developed as an important element of online mapping tools such as Google's Street View. Such imagery is extremely valuable in a number of potential applications, ranging from augmented reality to 3D modeling, and from urban planning to monitoring city infrastructure. While such imagery is already available from many sources, including Street View and tourist photos on photo-sharing sites, these collections have drawbacks related to high cost, incompleteness, and accuracy. A potential solution is to leverage the community of photographers around the world to collaboratively acquire large-scale image collections. This work explores this approach through PhotoCity, an online game that trains its players to become "experts" at taking photos at targeted locations and in great density, for the purposes of creating 3D building models. To evaluate our approach, we ran a competition between two universities that resulted in the submission of over 100,000 photos, many of which were highly relevant for the 3D modeling task at hand. Although the number of players was small, we found that this was compensated for by incentives that drove players to become experts at photo collection, often capturing thousands of useful photos each.
User Application Monitoring through Assessment of Abnormal Behaviours Recorded in RAS Logs (2011)

Abnormal status of an application is typically detected by hard evidence, e.g., out of memory, segmentation fault. However, such information only provides clues for the notification of abnormal termination of the application; lost are any implications as to the application's termination with respect to the particular context of the platform. Restated, the generic exception the application reports is devoid of the overall system context that is captured elsewhere in the system, e.g., RAS logs. In this paper we present an activity based application monitoring framework that extracts both facts (events) and context with regard to applications from RAS logs, and maps them into entropy scores that represent degrees of unusualness for applications. The paper describes our results from applying the framework to the Cray Jaguar system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and discusses how it identified applications running abnormally and implications based on the type of abnormality.
Robug III: a tele-operated climbing and walking robot (1996)

The paper describes the design and construction of a tele-operated eight-legged walking/climbing robotic vehicle aimed at meeting the specifications provided by the nuclear industry. The overall design philosophy is based upon biological systems and their behaviours are such that the resulting vehicle can perform the required duties in an efficient manner. A hybrid control architecture is employed in the system which combines the advantages of both hierarchical and reactive methodologies. Preliminary on-site trials have shown that the designed and constructed vehicle is capable of fulfilling the user requirements.
Dynamic solid phase microextraction for sampling of airborne sarin with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry for rapid field detection and quantification (2004)

A portable dynamic air sampler and solid phase microextraction were used to simultaneously detect, identify, and quantify airborne sarin with immediate analysis of samples using a field portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. A mathematical model was used with knowledge of the mass of sarin trapped, linear air velocity past the exposed sampling fiber, and sample duration allowing calculation of concentration estimates. For organizations with suitable field portable instrumentation, these methods are potentially useful for rapid onsite detection and quantification of high concern analytes, either through direct environmental sampling or through sampling of air collected in bags.
Highly efficient green light emitting polyfluorene incorporated with 4-diphenylamino-1,8-naphthalimide as green dopant (2006)

The dopant/host methodology, which enables efficient tuning of emission color and enhancement of the electroluminescence (EL) efficiency of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on small molecules, is applied to the design and synthesis of highly efficient green light emitting polymers. Highly efficient green light emitting polymers were obtained by covalently attaching just 0.3–1.0 mol% of a green dopant, 4-(N,N-diphenyl) amino-1,8-naphthalimide (DPAN), to the pendant chain of polyfluorene (the host). The polymers emit green light and exhibit a high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of up to 0.96 in solid films, which is attributed to the energy transfer from the polyfluorene host to the DPAN dopant unit. Single layer devices (device configuration: ITO/PEDOT/Polymer/Ca/Al) of the polymers exhibit a turn on voltage of 4.8 V, luminance efficiency of 7.43 cd A−1, power efficiency of 2.96 lm W−1 and CIE coordinates at (0.26, 0.58). The good device performance can be attributed to the energy transfer and charge trapping from the polyfluorene host to the DPAN dopant unit as well as the molecular dispersion of the dopant in the host. The device performance is fairly comparable to that of state-of-the-art green light emitting poly(fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole), indicating that the covalently attached dopant/host polymer system is very promising for the development of highly efficient electroluminescent polymers of tunable emission color.
Neural network architectures for the forward kinematics problem in robotics (1990)

Various neural models are considered for solving the robot forward kinematics problem. It is demonstrated that a three-layer backpropagation network is capable of learning the forward kinematics of a rigid-link, open-chain manipulator without knowledge of the manipulator's kinematic structure. Simulation results show that, by properly training such a network, it is possible to model the forward kinematics with an acceptable degree of accuracy. However, it is also shown that, if information about the kinematic structure of a manipulator is available, a functional link network gives, by far, the most accurate results
Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1 (2007)

Infection by Staphylococcus aureus can result in severe conditions such as septicemia, toxic shock, pneumonia, and endocarditis with antibiotic resistance and persistent nasal carriage in normal individuals being key drivers of the medical impact of this virulent pathogen. In both virulent infection and nasal colonization, S. aureus encounters the host immune system and produces a wide array of factors that frustrate host immunity. One in particular, the prototypical staphylococcal superantigen-like protein SSL7, potently binds IgA and C5, thereby inhibiting immune responses dependent on these major immune mediators. We report here the three-dimensional structure of the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1 at 3.2 Å resolution. Two SSL7 molecules interact with the Fc (one per heavy chain) primarily at the junction between the Cα2 and Cα3 domains. The binding site on each IgA chain is extensive, with SSL7 shielding most of the lateral surface of the Cα3 domain. However, the SSL7 molecules are positioned such that they should allow binding to secretory IgA. The key IgA residues interacting with SSL7 are also bound by the leukocyte IgA receptor, FcαRI (CD89), thereby explaining how SSL7 potently inhibits IgA-dependent cellular effector functions mediated by FcαRI, such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and respiratory burst. Thus, the ability of S. aureus to subvert IgA-mediated immunity is likely to facilitate survival in mucosal environments such as the nasal passage and may contribute to systemic infections.
Induction of secretory phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> in reactive astrocytes in response to transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat brain (2004)

Although mRNA expression of group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) has been implicated in responses to injury in the CNS, information on protein expression remains unclear. In this study, we investigated temporal and spatial expression of sPLA2-IIA mRNA and immunoreactivity in transient focal cerebral ischemia induced in rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Northern blot analysis showed a biphasic increase in sPLA2-IIA mRNA expression following 60-min of ischemia-reperfusion: an early phase at 30 min and a second increase at a late phase ranging from 12 h to 14 days. In situ hybridization localized the early-phase increase in sPLA2-IIA mRNA to the affected ischemic cortex and the late-phase increase to the penumbral area. Besides sPLA2-IIA mRNA, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 mRNAs, but not cytosolic PLA2, also showed an increase in the penumbral area at 3 days after ischemia-reperfusion. Immunohistochemistry of sPLA2-IIA indicated positive cells in the penumbral area similar to the GFAP-positive astrocytes but different from the isolectin B4-positive microglial cells. Confocal microscopy further confirmed immunoreactivity of sPLA2-IIA in reactive astrocytes but not in microglial cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time an up-regulation of the inflammatory sPLA2-IIA in reactive astrocytes in response to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
Sign Transition Modeling and a Scalable Solution to Continuous Sign Language Recognition for Real-World Applications (2016)

We propose a new approach to modeling transition information between signs in continuous Sign Language Recognition (SLR) and address some scalability issues in designing SLR systems. In contrast to Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in which the transition between speech sounds is often brief and mainly addressed by the coarticulation effect, the sign transition in continuous SLR is far from being clear and usually not easily and exactly characterized. Leveraging upon hidden Markov modeling techniques from ASR, we proposed a modeling framework for continuous SLR having the following major advantages, namely: (i) the system is easy to scale up to large-vocabulary SLR; (ii) modeling of signs as well as the transitions between signs is robust even for noisy data collected in real-world SLR; and (iii) extensions to training, decoding, and adaptation are directly applicable even with new deep learning algorithms. A pair of low-cost digital gloves affordable for the deaf and hard of hearing community is used to collect a collection of training and testing data for real-world SLR interaction applications. Evaluated on 1,024 testing sentences from five signers, a word accuracy rate of 87.4% is achieved using a vocabulary of 510 words. The SLR speed is in real time, requiring an average of 0.69s per sentence. The encouraging results indicate that it is feasible to develop real-world SLR applications based on the proposed SLR framework.
High field-effect-mobility a-Si:H TFT based on high deposition-rate PECVD materials (1996)

The hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFT's) having a field-effect mobility of 1.45 /spl plusmn/0.05 cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s and threshold voltage of 2.0/spl plusmn/0.2 V have been fabricated from the high deposition-rate plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) materials. For this TFT, the deposition rates of a-Si:H and N-rich hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN/sub 1.5/:H) are about 50 and 190 nm/min, respectively. The TFT has a very high ON/OFF-current ratio (of more than 10/sup 7/), sharp subthreshold slope (0.3/spl plusmn/0.03 V/decade), and very low source-drain current activation energy (50/spl plusmn/5 meV). All these parameters are consistent with a high mobility value obtained for our a-Si:H TFT structures. To our best knowledge, this is the highest field-effect mobility ever reported for an a-Si:H TFT fabricated from high deposition-rate PECVD materials.
6.3-GHz Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator Structures Based on a Gallium Nitride/Silicon Thin Membrane (2009)

This letter describes the fabrication and the morphological and microwave characterization of film bulk acoustic resonator structures, supported on very thin GaN membranes. We have demonstrated, by employing both white-light profilometry as well as X-ray diffraction, the low deflection and low stress of the GaN membranes supporting the resonator metallization. Using as test structure two FBAR structures connected in series, by a floating backside metallization, we have obtained resonance frequencies of 6.3 GHz for a 0.5-mum-thick membrane. The quality factor, at 6.3 GHz, was higher than 1100.