gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin-related genes expressed in human placenta from normal and diabetic pregnancies. (1985)

Rapid growth of human fetal tissues requires insulin or insulin-like growth factors. A high rate of human fetal growth occurs between implantation and about 14 weeks of gestation. Fetal pancreatic insulin secretion begins much later. Since maternal insulin does not cross the blood/placental barrier, other sources of insulin or insulin-like growth factors may be provided for fetal development. We report here that placental polyadenylylated RNAs from the first and third trimester of normal pregnancy as well as from term pregnancies of diabetic mothers hybridize to a 32P-labeled cloned cDNA of an insulin-related sequence expressed in fetal pancreas. Moreover, placentas from diabetic women express much more of these sequences. These results suggest that insulin-related genes are expressed in placental tissue during fetal development and may be a source of growth-promoting hormones for the human fetus. Fetuses developing in diabetic women receive a large influx of glucose. This in turn may stimulate the expression of insulin-related sequences, which may result in higher utilization of glucose, thus bringing about the macrosomia and high incidence of malformation and still-births known to result from pregnancies in diabetics.
Molecular, biochemical and functional characterizations of C1q/TNF family members: adipose-tissue-selective expression patterns, regulation by PPAR-γ agonist, cysteine-mediated oligomerizations, combinatorial associations and metabolic functions (2008)

The insulin-sensitizing hormone, adiponectin, belongs to the expanding C1q/TNF (tumour necrosis factor) family of proteins. We recently identified a family of adiponectin paralogues designated as CTRP (C1q/TNF-related protein) 1-7, and in the present study describe CTRP10. In the present study, we show that CTRP1, CTRP2, CTRP3, CTRP5 and CTRP7 transcripts are expressed predominantly by adipose tissue. In contrast, placenta and eye expressed the highest levels of CTRP6 and CTRP10 transcripts respectively. Expression levels of CTRP1, CTRP2, CTRP3, CTRP6 and CTRP7 transcripts are up-regulated in 8-week-old obese (ob/ob) mice relative to lean controls. Treatment of mice with a PPAR-gamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) agonist, rosiglitazone, increased the expression of CTRP1 and decreased CTRP6 transcript levels. All CTRPs are secreted glycoproteins when expressed in mammalian cells. CTRP1, CTRP2, CTRP3, CTRP5 and CTRP6 circulate in the blood and are potential endocrine hormones; their serum levels vary according to the sex and genetic background of mice. Importantly, serum levels of CTRP1 and CTRP6 are increased in adiponectin-null mice. Like adiponectin, all secreted CTRP proteins form trimers as their basic structural units. CTRP3, CTRP5, CTRP6 and CTRP10 trimers are further assembled into higher-order oligomeric complexes via disulfide bonding mediated by their N-terminal cysteine residues. Besides forming homo-oligomers, CTRP1/CTRP6, CTRP2/CTRP7 and adiponectin/CTRP2 are secreted as heterotrimers, thus providing a mechanism to potentially generate functionally distinct ligands. Functional characterization of one such family member, CTRP1, showed that it specifically activates Akt and p44/42-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling pathways in differentiated mouse myotubes. Moreover, injection of recombinant CTRP1 into mice significantly reduced their serum glucose levels. Thus at least CTRP1 may be considered a novel adipokine. In summary, these molecular, biochemical and functional data provide an important framework to further address the physiological functions and mechanisms of the action of this family of secreted glycoproteins in normal and disease states.
Cross-bidge Kelvin resistor (CBKR) structures for measurement of low contact resistances (2007)

A convenient test structure for measurement of the specific contact resistance (�?c) of metal-semiconductor junctions is the CBKR structure. During last few decades the parasitic factors which may strongly affect the measurements accuracy for �?c < 10-6 Ω • cm2 have been sufficiently discussed and the minimum of the �?c to be measured using CBKR structures was estimated. We fabricated a set of CBKR structures with different geometries to confirm this limit experimentally. These structures were manufactured for metal-to-metal contacts. It was found that the extracted CBKR values were determined by dimensions of the two-metal stack in the contact area and sheet resistances of the metals used. Index Terms—Contact resistance, cross-bridge Kelvin resistor (CBKR), sheet resistance, test structures, metal, silicon
Cycling through metabolism (2010)

Since the discovery of cyclins, the role of cell cycle regulators in the control of cell proliferation has been extensively studied. It is clear that proliferation requires an adapted metabolic response of the cells; hence the regulation of cell cycle must be linked to metabolic control. While at a much slower pace, the impact that the activities of cell cycle regulators such as cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases or E2F factor, transcription factor have on cell metabolism are also being uncovered. Here we will focus on recent data implicating cell cycle regulators in metabolic control, with particular attention to studies performed using mouse models. Furthermore, we will discuss the possible relevance of these findings in the context of metabolic disorders such as obesity or diabetes.
Photonic Hypercrystals (2014)

We introduce a new "universality class" of artificial optical media-photonic hypercrystals. These hyperbolic metamaterials, with periodic spatial variation of dielectric permittivity on subwavelength scale, combine the features of optical metamaterials and photonic crystals. In particular, surface waves supported by a hypercrystal possess the properties of both the optical Tamm states in photonic crystals and surface-plasmon polaritons at the metal-dielectric interface.
Experimental investigation of an axisymmetric free jet with an initially uniform velocity profile (1972)

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the flow characteristics of a circular free helium jet having an initially uniform velocity profile. Complete velocity profiles are presented at Reynolds numbers of 1027 and 4571 at 0, 3, 6, 10, 15, and 20 nozzle diameters (where possible) from the nozzle exit. Centerline velocity decay and potential core length were obtained over a range of Reynolds numbers from 155 to 5349 at distances up to and including 25 nozzle diameters from the nozzle exit. The angles of spread associated with the diffusion of the jet downstream of the nozzle are also given. Axial jet momentum flux and entrained mass flux, at various distances downstream of the nozzle, are presented as a function of the jet Reynolds number.
The performance of marine anchors with planar flukes in sand (1981)

The problem of determining the holding capacity of flat plates and marine anchors in cohesionless soils is briefly reviewed and the reasons for the difference in the performance of marine anchors and that of simple flat plates are identified. The role which each anchor component plays during the embedment process is discussed.An analytical procedure to estimate the holding capacity of anchors with planar flukes, such as the Danforth anchor, as a function of soil properties and the depth of penetration into the soil is presented and checked against data from laboratory and published field tests.Factors such as anchor stability and characteristics of the pulling cable which can affect both anchor orientation and the maximum depth to which a particular anchor can penetrate the soil have not been included in the analysis. Consequently, it is not yet possible to predict the ultimate holding capacity that a particular anchor may achieve if pulled through an adequate distance.
Electron holographic 3-D nano-analysis of Au/TiO2 catalyst at interface (2003)

Three-dimensional (3-D) nanostructures of gold catalysts supported on TiO2 were analysed by electron holography and high-resolution electron microscopy. The contact angle of the gold particle on TiO2 tended to be >90 degrees in the case of gold particles with a size (height) of >4 nm and it tended to be <90 degrees for gold particles with a height of <2 nm. The change in morphology increases the perimeter at the Au/TiO2 interface as the particle size decreases. This change in 3-D structure should be attributed to a change in electronic structure at the interface. It was found that electron holography enabled 3-D analysis at the atomic level and was effective for analysing nanostructured particles.
Evolution and overview of classical transmitter molecules and their receptors (1996)

All the classical transmitter ligand molecules evolved at least 1000 million years ago. With the possible exception of the Porifera and coelenterates (Cnidaria), they occur in all the remaining phyla. All transmitters have evolved the ability to activate a range of ion channels, resulting in excitation, inhibition and biphasic or multiphasic responses. All transmitters can be synthesised in all three basic types of neurones, i.e. sensory, interneurone and motoneurone. However their relative importance as sensory, interneurone or motor transmitters varies widely between the phyla. It is likely that all neurones contain more than one type of releasable molecule, often a combination of a classical transmitter and a neuroactive peptide. Second messengers, i.e. G proteins and phospholipase C systems, appeared early in evolution and occur in all phyla that have been investigated. Although the evidence is incomplete, it is likely that all the classical transmitter receptor subtypes identified in mammals, also occur throughout the phyla. The invertebrate receptors so far cloned show some interesting homologies both between those from different invertebrate phyla and with mammalian receptors. This indicates that many of the basic receptor subtypes, including benzodiazepine subunits, evolved at an early period, probably at least 800 million years ago. Overall, the evidence stresses the similarity between the major phyla rather than their differences, supporting a common origin from primitive helminth stock.
Clinical Application of High-intensity Focused Ultrasound in Cancer Therapy (2016)

The treatment of cancer is an important issue in both developing and developed countries. Clinical use of ultrasound in cancer is not only for the diagnosis but also for the treatment. Focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) is a noninvasive technique. By using the combination of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and imaging method, FUS has the potential to ablate tumor lesions precisely. The main mechanisms of HIFU ablation involve mechanical and thermal effects. Recent advances in HIFU have increased its popularity. Some promising results were achieved in managing various malignancies, including pancreas, prostate, liver, kidney, breast and bone. Other applications include brain tumor ablation and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. We aim at briefly outlining the clinical utility of FUS as a noninvasive technique for a variety of types of cancer treatment.
Combating Domestic Violence in China – Problems, Progress and Prospects (2014)

As the notions of gender equality and women’s rights have taken root in modern China, one important social problem gaining increased recognition and response from the Party-State and civil society alike is domestic violence. In this article, the author considers the problems when it comes to taking domestic violence in China seriously, along with the progress that has been achieved thus far. The article concludes that what is needed is an increase in social pressure against domestic violence and in favour of women’s protection.
Explosion Diagrams in Augmented Reality (2009)

This article introduces explosion diagrams to augmented reality (AR) applications. It presents algorithms to seamlessly integrate an object's explosion diagram into a real world environment, including the AR rendering of relocated objects textured with live video and the restoration of visual information which are hidden behind relocated objects. It demonstrates several types of visualizations for convincing AR explosion diagrams and it discusses visualizations of exploded parts as well as visual links conveying their relocation direction. Furthermore, we show the integration of our rendering and visualization techniques in an AR framework, which is able to automatically compute a diagram's layout and an animation of its corresponding explosion.
Synthesis and characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate)/expanded graphite nanocomposites (2006)

Abstract In this work, we synthesized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/expanded graphite (EG) nanocomposites by a new polymerization method. The volume electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite prepared by this way is very high (when the content of EG is about 8 wt %, the conductivity could reach 60 S/cm). The structure of the nanocomposite was investigated by SEM, TEM, IR, and XRD. And we found temperature and voltage were important parameters of governing the electrical conductivity of PMMA/EG nanocomposites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1427–1431, 2006
Active gain equalization for transoceanic WDM transmission systems (2003)

We propose a novel and simple active gain equalization method for transoceanic wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems. With this method, the controllable gain tilt after 9000-km transmission was confirmed to be more than /spl plusmn/10 dB over 12-nm signal bandwidth.
Delivery of Genes Through the Lung Circulation (2002)

There are many reasons why delivering genes via the pulmonary circulation might prove to be useful. The most obvious of these reasons is to affect vascular function. Diseases of small and medium size pulmonary arteries, such as pulmonary hypertension, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate, chronic thromboembolic disease, and vasculitis could be targets for pulmonary vascular gene therapy. Pulmonary capillary disorders, such as acute lung injury and reperfusion injury after lung transplantation could also be modulated by therapeutic gene delivery. Since the pulmonary circulation is exposed to 100% of cardiac output, the pulmonary circulation might also be used as a locus for production of secreted therapeutic proteins for a wide variety of systemic disorders.
A 33 yr CONSTANCY OF THE X-RAY CORONAE OF AR Lac AND ECLIPSE DIAGNOSIS OF SCALE HEIGHT (2014)

Extensive X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photometric observations of the eclipsing RS CVn system AR Lac were obtained over the years 1997 to 2013 with the Chandra X-ray Observatory Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer. During primary eclipse, HRC count rates decrease by ~40%. A similar minimum is seen during one primary eclipse observed by EUVE but not in others owing to intrinsic source variability. Little evidence for secondary eclipses is present in either the X-ray or EUV data, reminiscent of earlier X-ray and EUV observations. Primary eclipses allow us to estimate the extent of a spherically symmetric corona on the primary G star of about 1.3Rsun, or 0.86Rstar, and indicate the G star is likely brighter than the K component by a factor of 2-5. Brightness changes not attributable to eclipses appear to be dominated by stochastic variability and are generally non-repeating. X-ray and EUV light curves cannot therefore be reliably used to reconstruct the spatial distribution of emission assuming only eclipses and rotational modulation are at work. Moderate flaring is observed, where count rates increase by up to a factor of three above quiescence. Combined with older ASCA, Einstein, EXOSAT, ROSAT and Beppo-SAX observations, the data show that the level of quiescent coronal emission at X-ray wavelengths has remained remarkably constant over 33 years, with no sign of variation due to magnetic cycles. Variations in base level X-ray emission seen by Chandra over 13 years are only ~10%, while variations back to pioneering Einstein observations in 1980 amount to a maximum of 45% and more typically about 15%.
Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)-(−)-Carnitine from Glycerol (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTEfficient Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)-(−)-Carnitine from GlycerolMauro Marzi, Patrizia Minetti, Giampiero Moretti, Maria Ornella Tinti, and Francesco De AngelisView Author Information Dipartimento Ricerca Chimica, Sigma-Tau, Via Pontina Km 30.400, I-00040 Pomezia (Roma), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Ing. Chimica e Materiali, Università dell'Aquila, Coppito, I-67010 L'Aquila, Italy [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 20, 6766–6769Publication Date (Web):September 13, 2000Publication History Received3 April 2000Published online13 September 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo000503nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo000503nbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1117Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Enantioselective synthesis,Molecular structure,Reaction products,Sulfones Get e-Alerts
Attribute-assisted footprint suppression using a 2D continuous wavelet transform (2018)

Acquisition footprint manifests itself on 3D seismic data as a repetitive pattern of noise, anomalously high amplitudes, or structural shifts on time or horizon slices that is correlated to the location of the sources and receivers on the earth’s surface. Ideally, footprint suppression should be handled by denser seismic acquisition and more careful prestack processing prior to seismic imaging. In the case in which only legacy data exist, or when economic and time constraints preclude more expensive acquisition and more careful processing, interpreters must deal with data contaminated by footprint. Although accurate time-structure maps can be constructed from footprint-contaminated data, the effect of footprint on subsequent attributes, such as coherence, curvature, spectral components, and P-wave impedance will be exacerbated. We have developed a workflow that uses a 2D continuous wavelet transform to suppress coherent and incoherent noise on poststack seismic data. The method involves decomposing time slices of amplitude and attribute data into voices and magnitudes using 2D wavelets. We exploit the increased seismic attribute sensitivity to the acquisition footprint to design a mask to suppress the footprint on the original amplitude data. The workflow is easy to apply and improves the interpretability of the data and improves the subsequent attribute resolution.
Lossless compression of seismic data (2003)

A description and comparative study of three different waveform data compression schemes are presented. All three schemes are lossless, that is, decompression results in exact recovery of the original data samples. The first technique uses linear prediction followed by residue sequence encoding. The second and third techniques use single-stage differencing followed by two different methods of encoding. The three schemes are first described. The compression ratio and CPU time required for compression and decompression are studied using an extensive set of seismic data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub> Reactive Flux Method for the Rapid Synthesis of Mono- and Bimetallic 2D Thiophosphates M<sub>2–<i>x</i></sub>M′<sub><i>x</i></sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> (2021)

We report a reactive flux technique using the common reagent P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub> and metal precursors developed to circumvent the synthetic bottleneck for producing high-quality single- and mixed-metal two-dimensional (2D) thiophosphate materials. For the monometallic compound, M<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> (M = Ni, Fe, and Mn), phase-pure materials were quickly synthesized and annealed at 650 °C for 1 h. Crystals of dimensions of several millimeters were grown for some of the metal thiophosphates using optimized heating profiles. The homogeneity of the bimetallic thiophosphates MM'P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> (M, M' = Ni, Fe, and Mn) was elucidated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Rietveld refinement. The quality of the selected materials was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. We report two novel bimetallic thiophosphates, MnCoP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> and FeCoP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>. The Ni<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> and MnNiP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> flux reactions were monitored in situ using variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction to understand the formation reaction pathways. The phases were directly formed in a single step at approximately 375 °C. The work functions of the semiconducting materials were determined and ranged from 5.28 to 5.72 eV.
Post‐extubation prophylactic nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants: Systematic review and meta‐analysis (1999)

Nasal CPAP is effective in preventing failure of extubation in preterm infants following a period of endotracheal intubation and IPPV. Further definition of the patient gestational age and weight groups to whom these results apply is required. Optimal levels of NCPAP as well as methods of administration remain to be determined.
Identification and characterization of subfamily-specific signatures in a large protein superfamily by a hidden Markov model approach (2002)

Most profile and motif databases strive to classify protein sequences into a broad spectrum of protein families. The next step of such database studies should include the development of classification systems capable of distinguishing between subfamilies within a structurally and functionally diverse superfamily. This would be helpful in elucidating sequence-structure-function relationships of proteins. Here, we present a method to diagnose sequences into subfamilies by employing hidden Markov models (HMMs) to find windows of residues that are distinct among subfamilies (called signatures). The method starts with a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of the subfamily. Then, we build a HMM database representing all sliding windows of the MSA of a fixed size. Finally, we construct a HMM histogram of the matches of each sliding window in the entire superfamily. To illustrate the efficacy of the method, we have applied the analysis to find subfamily signatures in two well-studied superfamilies: the cadherin and the EF-hand protein superfamilies. As a corollary, the HMM histograms of the analyzed subfamilies revealed information about their Ca2+ binding sites and loops. The method is used to create HMM databases to diagnose subfamilies of protein superfamilies that complement broad profile and motif databases such as BLOCKS, PROSITE, Pfam, SMART, PRINTS and InterPro.