gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bismate Frits Under Fast Firing on Reactions Between <scp> <scp>Ag</scp> </scp> Electrodes and <scp> <scp>Si</scp> </scp> Wafer for <scp> <scp>Si</scp> </scp> Solar Cells (2013)

Leaded frits in Ag pastes have generally been used to fabricate Ag electrodes. The bismate glass system has been reported to be an appropriate frit for use in Ag pastes for eco‐friendly materials. The characteristics of bismate frits under fast firing were first studied to elucidate the phenomena occurring in the molten glass. To determine the reactions among Ag , frits, and an Si wafer coated with SiN x , the interfacial structures between Ag electrodes and the Si wafer were investigated using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X ‐ray spectroscopy ( EDX ), transmission electron microscopy coupled with EDX , and X ‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The precipitates formed in the molten frits were found to be Bi nanoparticles. The interfacial structures between the Ag electrodes and the Si wafer consisted of Ag electrodes, glass layers, and recrystallites formed in the n + emitter. The recrystallite elements existed as Ag – Si and Ag – Bi – Si , which are segregated, as well as Ag . These results suggest that the contact formation between the Ag electrodes and the Si wafer was caused by the characteristics of bismate frits in Ag pastes under fast firing.
Visualization of network data provenance (2012)

Visualization facilitates the understanding of scientific data both through exploration and explanation of the visualized data. Provenance also contributes to the understanding of data by containing the contributing factors behind a result. The visualization of provenance, although supported in existing workflow management systems, generally focuses on small (medium) sized provenance data, lacking techniques to deal with big data with high complexity. This paper discusses visualization techniques developed for exploration and explanation of provenance, including layout algorithm, visual style, graph abstraction techniques, and graph matching algorithm, to deal with the high complexity. We demonstrate through application to two extensively analyzed case studies that involved provenance capture and use over three year projects, the first involving provenance of a satellite imagery ingest processing pipeline and the other of provenance in a large-scale computer network testbed.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Sudden‐Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Study of 51 Patients (2003)

Antiviral therapy and increased length of steroid treatment may play a role in the improved recovery rates.
Spread of the Emerging Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Strain, Genotype IVb, in Michigan, USA (2012)

In 2003, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) emerged in the Laurentian Great Lakes causing serious losses in a number of ecologically and recreationally important fish species. Within six years, despite concerted managerial preventive measures, the virus spread into the five Great Lakes and to a number of inland waterbodies. In response to this emerging threat, cooperative efforts between the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MI DNR), the Michigan State University Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (MSU-AAHL), and the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (USDA-APHIS) were focused on performing a series of general and VHSV-targeted surveillances to determine the extent of virus trafficking in the State of Michigan. Herein we describe six years (2005-2010) of testing, covering hundreds of sites throughout Michigan's Upper and Lower Peninsulas. A total of 96,228 fish representing 73 species were checked for lesions suggestive of VHSV and their internal organs tested for the presence of VHSV using susceptible cell lines. Of the 1,823 cases tested, 30 cases from 19 fish species tested positive for VHSV by tissue culture and were confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gene sequence analyses of all VHSV isolates retrieved in Michigan demonstrated that they belong to the emerging sublineage "b" of the North American VHSV genotype IV. These findings underscore the complexity of VHSV ecology in the Great Lakes basin and the critical need for rigorous legislation and regulatory guidelines in order to reduce the virus spread within and outside of the Laurentian Great Lakes watershed.
Bayesianly Justifiable and Relevant Frequency Calculations for the Applied Statistician (1984)

A common reaction among applied statisticians is that the Bayesian statistician's energies in an applied problem must be directed at the a priori elicitation of one model specification from which an optimal design and all inferences follow automatically by applying Bayes's theorem to calculate conditional distributions of unknowns given knowns. I feel, however, that the applied Bayesian statistician's tool-kit should be more extensive and include tools that may be usefully labeled frequency calculations. Three types of Bayesianly justifiable and relevant frequency calculations are presented using examples to convey their use for the applied statistician.
Metastases and the Normalization of Tumour Blood Vessels by ICRF 159: A New Type of Drug Action (1972)

Profound modification of the structure and arrangement of the blood vessels has been shown in tumours after treatment with ICRF 159. X-ray angiography, carbon black (Pelikan ink) labelling, and intravital staining with lissamine green were used to demonstrate the changes. Alteration of the morphology of the blood vessels at the edge of a tumour may affect the escape of malignant cells and the rate of blood flow (and thus the concentration of anticancer drugs) through the tumour.
Grafting as a Tool in Soybean Breeding<sup>1</sup> (1977)

Grafting of soybean [ Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] from different maturity groups was studied to determine its feasability for simplifying crossing. When grafted on early flowering genotypes, scions of later flowering genotypes flowered 21 to 50 days after grafts were made. About 95% of the grafts were successful. The grafting technique appears to be an excellent method of inducing earlier flowering on late genotypes to permit their use in a crossing program. It is also a means of producing seed on genotypes that otherwise flower too late for seed production in a particular geographical area.
Gas turbine sub-idle performance modelling : altitude relight and windmilling (2010)

Sub-idle is a very challenging operating region, as the performance of a gas tur¬bine engine changes significantly compared to design conditions. In addition, the regulations for new and existing engines are becoming stricter and the prediction of engine’s relight capability is essential. In order to calculate the sub-idle performance of an engine, detailed component representation is required. The data obtained from rig tests is usually insufficient at the low speeds. This creates the need for further research about component behavior within the sub-idle regime before any whole engine relight performance prediction is attempted.\nWithin this research, the sub-idle compressor map generation methodologies are pushed a step forward by the definition of the zero-speed curve, that is the low¬est speed line of a compressor map. In this way the sub-idle characteristic can be interpolated between the zero-speed line and the above-idle given speed lines. Con¬sequently, the generation of the characteristic within the whole range of operation is allowed. In addition, the sub-idle and relight combustion modelling is enhanced by a novel combustion model which accounts for fuel evaporation effects. The de¬velopment of such a model is based on the fact that fuel evaporation effects have a significant impact on the combustion efficiency during the engine relight manoeu¬vres. Finally, the sub-idle exhaust mixing phenomena are investigated as the relight modelling of a mixed exhaust engine cannot be carried out using the conventional approaches as there is a non-negligible difference between the pressures of the two coaxial jets. The models generated by the component related research are partially integrated within the relight performance simulation solver BD19 in order for whole engine performance simulations to be carried out. More specifically, the windmilling and the groundstarting performance of a modern, civil, high bypass ratio engine is examined.\nThe current thesis contributes to knowledge both at component as well as at whole engine performance prediction levels. As far as sub-idle compressor perfor¬mance is concerned, a generic pressure loss model for compressors operating at highly negative incidence angles has been developed. It is validated against experimental data and is applicable on every compressor with given design parameters. In addi¬tion, the new combustion model allows for a more accurate combustion efficiency prediction during the relighting processes while the research on mixed exhaust en¬gine configurations enhances the physical background of the sub-idle mixing process allowing for a more efficient performance modelling. The physics based component related research, in overall, offers significant benefits to the sub-idle and relight per-formance modelling of gas turbines increasing its predictive capability and therefore the reliability of the current and future aero engines.
Slow-Wave Propagation in Two Types of Cylindrical Waveguides Loaded with a Semiconductor (Short Papers) (1985)

For a parallel-plate waveguide and a microstripline loaded with a semiconductor slab of resistive (or active) character, the complex propagation constant gamma is determined. Gamma is found for higher order branches for microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies between 10 and 140 GHz, representing a study of phase velocity slowing (and attenuation).
Type 2 Diabetes and Subsequent Incidence of Breast Cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study (2003)

Women with type 2 diabetes may have a slightly increased risk of breast cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: INSECTICIDAL AGENTS. I. CYCLIZATION REACTIONS WITH 4‐NITROPHENYLGUANIDINE (1981)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von 4‐Nitrophenylguanidin (I) mit 1,3‐Dicarbonylverbindungen (II) werden die substituierten Pyrimidine (III) erhalten.
Algorithms for minimizing weighted flow time (2001)

We study the problem of minimizing weighted flow time on a single machine in the preemptive setting. We present an O(\log^2 P)-competitive semi-online algorithm where P is the ratio of the maximum and minimum processing times of jobs in the system. In the offline setting we show that a (2+\eps)-approximation is achievable in quasi-polynomial time. These are the first non-trivial results for the weighted versions of minimizing flow time. For multiple machines we show that no competitive randomized online algorithm exists for weighted flow time. We also present an improved online algorithm for minimizing total stretch (a special case of weighted flow time) on multiple machines.
Comparative analysis of monoclonal antibodies against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) (2014)

This comparative analysis provides the first detailed quantitative characterization of the most commonly used mAbs against GCPII and can serve as a guideline for the scientific community to use them in a proper and efficient way.
Accelerated Macrophage Apoptosis Induces Autoantibody Formation and Organ Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2006)

Increased monocyte/macrophage (Mphi) apoptosis occurs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is mediated, at least in part, by an autoreactive CD4(+) T cell subset. Furthermore, autoreactive murine CD4(+) T cells that kill syngeneic Mphi in vitro induce a lupus-like disease in vivo. However, it is unclear whether increased Mphi apoptosis in SLE per se is sufficient to accelerate/promote autoimmunity. We have investigated whether increased Mphi apoptosis in vivo, induced by the administration of clodronate liposomes, can exacerbate the autoimmune phenotype in NZB x SWR (SNF(1)) lupus-prone mice, and induce autoantibody production in haplotype-matched BALB/c x DBA1 (DBF(1)) non-lupus-prone mice. Lupus-prone mice SNF(1) mice that were treated with clodronate liposomes, but not mice treated with vehicle, developed significant increases in autoantibodies to dsDNA, nucleosomes, and the idiotypically related family of nephritic Abs Id(LN)F(1), when compared with untreated SNF(1) mice. Furthermore, clodronate treatment hastened the onset of proteinuria and worsened SNF(1) lupus nephritis. When compared with vehicle-treated controls, clodronate-treated non-lupus-prone DBF(1) mice developed significantly higher levels of anti-nucleosome and Id(LN)F(1) Abs but did not develop lupus nephritis. We propose that Mphi apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of autoantibody formation and organ damage through both an increase in the apoptotic load and impairment in the clearance of apoptotic material. This study suggests that mechanisms that induce scavenger cell apoptosis, such as death induced by autoreactive cytotoxic T cells observed in SLE, could play a pathogenic role and contribute to the severity of the disease.
Synthesis and Polymerization Behavior of 7-Cyano-7-(phenyl)benzoquinone Methide (2000)

A novel captodatively substituted benzoquinone methide, 7-cyano-7-(phenyl)benzoquinone methide (3), was synthesized successfully as an isolable crystal at room temperature. 3 polymerized spontaneously on dissolving it in highly polar, basic solvents such as DMSO and DMF. The acid-catalyzed 1,6-addition reaction of 3 was investigated. Acid-catalyzed 1,6-addition reactions of 3 with phenol and N,N-dimethylaniline afforded 1:1 adducts. In the reaction with hydrogen chloride, a 1,6-addition adduct was also formed. Homopolymerizations of 3 and 7,7-di(cyano)benzoquinone methide (1a) with radical, anionic, and cationic initiators were investigated. 3 and 1a are homopolymerizable with an anionic initiator but not with radical and cationic ones. 3 is copolymerizable spontaneously with styrene in an alternating fashion. The copolymer structure of 3 with styrene was determined on the basis of the spectral data of model compounds and the polymerization mechanism was discussed.
Bias polarity dependence of a phase change memory with a Ge-doped SbTe: A method for multilevel programing (2008)

We investigated the bias polarity dependence of the characteristics of a phase change memory device and found that the device showed higher resistance both at programed and erased states, extended erasing time, and higher threshold voltage (Vth) under negative bias than those under the conventional positive bias. Taking advantage of this dependence, we were able to obtain four highly distinguishable resistance states in such a reproducible manner that may be utilized for a reliable multilevel storage. We explain this polarity dependence in terms of the difference in the density of trap states at the interfaces between the phase change material and electrodes.
Site-Specific Preparation of 3-Fluoro-1-substituted-naphthalenes via a Novel Base-Catalyzed Cyclization Reaction from (<i>E</i>)-Monofluoroenynes (2006)

A novel cyclization reaction for the preparation of 3-fluoro-1-substituted-naphthalenes is reported. (E)-Monofluoroenynes, which are prepared by Sonogashira coupling reaction from (Z)-1-bromo-1-fluoroalkenes, undergo cyclization to afford 3-fluoro-1-substituted-naphthalenes in good to excellent yields when treated with DABCO or DBU in refluxing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). [reaction: see text]
The complete amino acid sequence of 3‐dehydroquinate synthase of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K 12 (1986)

The complete amino acid sequence of the Escherichia coli 3-dehydroquinate synthase has been determined by a combined nucleotide and direct amino acid sequencing strategy. E. coli 3-dehydroquinate synthase is 362 amino acids long and has a calculated Mr of 38 880. Analysis of the aroB nucleotide sequence and its 5'- and 3'-flanking regions has identified the aroB promoter elements and a possible 3'-terminator site.
Magnetic Properties and Magnetoimpedance Effect in Mumetal Thin Films (2001)

The dependence of the magnetoimpedance effect (MI) on magnetic properties has been investigated in mumetal thin films prepared by rf magnetron sputtering. Coercivity of thin films prepared at 400 W was about 0.4 Oe, and the magnetic anisotropy field of films deposited under a uniaxial magnetic field decreased with increasing film thickness. The saturation magnetization of mumetal films increased with rising input power and thickness, and was smaller than that of permalloy films. Transverse incremental Permeability (TPR) of films of 1 ㎛ thick increased with increasing effective permeability. The magneto impedance ratio (MIR) was proportional to TPR in films 1 ㎛ thick but in spite of lower effective permeability at higher thicknesses, MIR increased due to skin effect. The height of the double peaks in the MIR curves decreased with decreasing anisotropy and thickness. The maximum MIR value for a 4 ㎛ thick 75 % at 36.5 ㎒.
Nanomaterials Based on Phosphorus Dendrimers (2004)

Dendrimers constitute an increasingly important field of research in chemistry for more than 15 years. After pioneering works concerning synthesis, the interest in dendrimers is now mainly driven by their properties and applications. This Account will emphasize the properties of a special class of dendrimers, that is, phosphorus-containing dendritic macromolecules, as tools for the elaboration of nanomaterials. Indeed, these dendrimers can be considered themselves as materials, or they can be used as an intrinsic constituent of a material or as a modifier of the surface of a material. In this latter case, a fundamental work about surfaces covalently modified by dendrimers recently opened the way to the elaboration of DNA chips.
Electrodeposition and characterization of CoNiMnP-based permanent magnetic film for MEMS applications (2011)

Electroplated CoNiMnP-based permanent magnetic films with thickness of 4μm, 25μm and 43.5μm were fabricated and tested. Composed of 76.38 wt% Co, 16.66 wt% Ni, 3.64 wt% P and 2.32 wt% Mn, the films exhibited good surface morphology. In the case of 4μm thick film, we successfully achieved a high lateral coercivity of 711Oe, a retentivity up to 8933Gs and an energy density of 16.9kJ/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The film thickness dependence of magnetic property was also investigated, showing a decrease of the retentivity and coercivity with the increase in thickness. In addition, it was observed that Zn as an additive could improve the surface morphology by eliminating micro cracks.
Alkylation of the dianion of .beta.-keto phosphonates. Versatile synthesis of dimethyl (2-oxoalkyl)phosphonates (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation of the dianion of .beta.-keto phosphonates. Versatile synthesis of dimethyl (2-oxoalkyl)phosphonatesPaul A. Grieco and C. S. PogonowskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 9, 3071–3072Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00790a086https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00790a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1146Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Three-dimensional Structure of Bovine Rhodopsin Determined by Electron Cryomicroscopy (2003)

G-protein-coupled receptors are integral membrane proteins that respond to environmental signals and initiate signal transduction pathways, which activate cellular processes. Rhodopsin, a well known member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family, is located in the disk membranes of the rod outer segment, where it is responsible for the visualization of dim light. Rhodopsin is the most extensively studied G-protein-coupled receptor, and knowledge about its structure serves as a template for other related receptors. We have gained detailed structural knowledge from the crystal structure (1), which was solved by x-ray crystallography in 2000 using three-dimensional crystals. Here we report a three-dimensional density map of bovine rhodopsin determined by electron cryomicroscopy of two-dimensional crystals with p22(1)2(1) symmetry. The usage of relatively small and disordered crystals made the process of structure determination challenging. Special attention was paid to the extraction of amplitudes and phases, since usable raw data were limited to a maximum tilt of 45 degrees. In the refinement process, an improved unbending procedure was applied. This led to a final resolution of 5.5 A in the membrane plane and approximately 13 A perpendicular to it, making our electron density map the most accurate map of a G-protein-coupled receptor currently available by electron microscopy. Most important is the information we gain about the center of the membrane plane and the orientation of the molecule relative to the bilayer. This information cannot be retrieved from the three-dimensional crystals. In our electron density map, all seven transmembrane helices were identified, and their arrangement is in agreement with the arrangement known from the crystal structure (1). In the retinal binding pocket, a density peak adjacent to helix 3 suggests the position of the beta-ionine ring of the chromophore, and in its vicinity several of the bigger amino acids can be identified.
Variable Region Sequence of a Human Monoclonal Thyroid Peroxidase Autoantibody (1992)

(1992). Variable Region Sequence of a Human Monoclonal Thyroid Peroxidase Autoantibody. Autoimmunity: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 169-172.
Minimum risk weights for comparing treatments in stratified binomial trials (2000)

When comparing two treatments in a stratified trial with a binary endpoint, data are commonly analysed using a weighted averaging of the stratum-specific differences between proportions. Two popular sets of weights are the harmonic means of the stratum-specific sample sizes (SSIZE) and the reciprocals of the variances of the stratum-specific differences (INVAR). Either the SSIZE or INVAR weights are chosen and prespecified in the data analysis plan. We show that the 'wrong' choice between SSIZE and INVAR can result in a significantly inefficient analysis. To circumvent this potential problem, we propose a 'minimum risk' (MR) weighting strategy. The easy-to-compute MR weights are designed to yield more precise and less biased estimates of the overall treatment difference relative to the SSIZE and INVAR weights, respectively. We show, via a simulation study, that the proposed weights are an attractive compromise between the SSIZE and INVAR weights in terms of statistical power. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the utility of the MR weights.