gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial inhibition of fungal growth and pathogenicity (1999)

Antifungal activity has been detected in many bacterial genera, both saprophytes and human pathogens, including Actinomadura, Actinoplanes, Arthrobacter, Micromonospora, Streptomyces, Nocardia, Mycobacterium, Aureobacterium, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Lactobacillus, Rhodococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes, Azotobacter, Clostridium and Fusobacterium. A variety of methods have been used to detect this activity in vitro. Presumably, this activity confers an ecological advantage on a bacterial population which competes with other species in a particular habitat. The significance of this activity includes the following. First, development of therapeutic antifungal drugs. Second, development of plant protection agents. Third, fungal growth inhibition within the human body in sites with a normal flora with effects on the pathogenesis and course of human infection. Fourth, inhibition of pathogenic fungi in human clinical specimens, reducing the likelihood of in vitro culture of fungi.
Mechanism of NF-κB Activation Induced by γ-irradiation in B Lymphoma Cells : Role of Ras (2005)

Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in diverse cellular responses to various stimuli, including growth factors and radiation stress. Recently it was reported that gamma-irradiation (gamma-IR) upregulates allergy-associated adhesion molecule CD23 on B cells and monocytes via NF-kappaB activation. In the present study, the mechanism of NF-kappaB activation by gamma-IR was investigated to understand the signaling pathways involved in IR-induced, NF-kappaB-mediated enhancement of CD23 expression. In human B-cell line Ramos, gamma-IR induced a dose-dependent increase of nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB. The gamma-IR-induced NF-kappaB activation in these cells was sensitive to a proteosome inhibitor MG132 and an antioxidant, pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), which suggests that gamma-IR-induced NF-kappaB activation proceeds via IkappaB gradation and redox regulation. Since Ras was shown to play a role in NF-kappaB-mediated survival and inflammation of cancer cells against radiation, the role of Ras signaling in the gamma-IR-induced NF-kappaB activation in these transformed B cells was examined. Transfection and overexpression of dominant active Ras produced an increase in NF-kappaB activity as shown by DNA binding and transcriptional activities of the kappaB-dependent reporter gene. gamma-IR, however, did not induce Erk activation, nor the gamma-IR-induced kappaB activity that was suppressed by inhibitors of Ras/Raf interaction or MEK/Erk. Importantly, it was noted that Ras significantly augmented both the gamma-IR-induced NF-kappaB activity and the gamma-IR-induced CD23 expression. Together these results suggest that while gamma-IR and Ras both contribute to the upregulation of CD23 expression via NF-kappaB Raf or Erk is not involved in gamma-IR-induced NF-kappaB activation.
The motility of human spermatozoa as influenced by prostasomes at various pH levels (1999)

Human semen contains several components among which spermatozoa, membranous vesicles called 'prostasomes', secreted by the prostate gland and unorganized material. Prostasomes possess an unusual lipid composition, contain a number of proteins and small molecules and have been claimed to take a part in the immune response, in seminal fluid liquefaction and in sperm motility. Since sperm may come in contact with an acidic environment in the vagina, it may be of some interest to know whether prostasomes may affect spermatozoon motility or may protect spermatozoa upon the exposure to an acidic milieu. Human semen was supplied by donors. From whole semen we collected spermatozoa by centrifugation and used the supernatant to prepare prostasomes (centrifugation at 105,000 g for 120 min, followed by purification step on Sephadex G 200); spermatozoa were then collected by a swim-up procedure and exposed to an acidic pH medium (from 5 to 7) in the presence or absence of prostasomes. Spermatozoa motility was subsequently assessed with a superimposed image analysis system (SIAS). Results indicate that the motility of spermatozoa was affected by the pH value of the medium. Acidic media reduced the percentage of motile cells and decreased the straight line velocity of spermatozoa (VLS). Prostasomes had a protective effect and increased the percentage of motile cells. However, they did not change the characteristics of motility (curvilinear and straight). Prostasomes may be considered as a system for counteracting the negative effects of acidic pH values that may be present in the vagina after coitus.
Experimental investigations of floating-gate circuits for Δ - Σ modulators (2003)

In this paper we present our initial experimental measurements oil floating-gate structures in /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ Analog-to-Digital converters. We used floating-gate structures configured as e-pots as part of the modulator loop to provide convenient, and accurate programmable on-chip reference voltages. We use these e-pot outputs as tunable 1-bit DAC coefficients, which could be coupled with the ability to vary integrator gains. This approach is the first application of programmable floating-gate circuits towards /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ modulators. We see tunable coefficients allowing a designer to realize within limit suitable noise shaping functions, and achieve higher SNR. This approach results in a design of a /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ ADC that is relatively tolerant to fabrication mismatches. As a result, this approach may improve loop stability and dynamic range of an ADC, particularly for higher order modulators. Finally, using multiple programmable coefficients for several on-chip A DCs results in immense benefits when building multi-channel, higher order modulators. We have fabricated a single loop 1-bit /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ modulator that is scalable to 8th order, to test these hypotheses. Experimental measurements were obtained from ICs fabricated in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process available through MOSIS. We use 16 e-pots in the ADC to implement the reference voltages for an 8th order modulator The e-pots are implemented as a regular array structure. The chip operates from a single 5 V supply.
Fruit ripeness detection by using H sup 1 NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) (2021)

The possibility of detecting ripeness of raw fruit by measuring sugar content with an A-200 Fourier Transform (FT) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was investigated. Then, the samples of sugar-water mixtures and real fruit were tested with the NMR and the correlations of sugar contents to NMR spectra were obtained. Sugar content (or ripeness level) was linearly correlated to the intensity of sugar peaks in the NMR spectra. This result make it possible to grade raw fruit non-destructively. 10 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs.
Appearance of a Liquid Crystalline Nematic-Isotropic Critical Point in a Mixture System of Rod- and Bent-Shaped Molecules (2006)

Heat capacity measurements have been made on a liquid-crystal mixture system formed from bent-shaped molecule 1,3-phenylene bis[4-(4-8-alkoxyphenyliminomethyl)benzoates] (P-8-O-PIMB) and rod-shaped molecule n-pentyl-cyanobiphenyl (5CB). The obtained results can be understood assuming that the addition of P-8-O-PIMB molecules to the 5CB system affects as a field conjugate to the nematic order parameter. The B(X)-B(4) transition can be viewed as the nematic-isotropic transition of 5CB, which is embedded in a framework of the B(4) structure of P-8-O-PIMB molecules. The present mixture system offers a rare example of the nematic-isotropic critical point, whose critical behavior has not been studied yet in detail.
Radial Clustergrams:  Visualizing the Aggregate Properties of Hierarchical Clusters (2006)

A new radial space-filling method for visualizing cluster hierarchies is presented. The method, referred to as a radial clustergram, arranges the clusters into a series of layers, each representing a different level of the tree. It uses adjacency of nodes instead of links to represent parent-child relationships and allocates sufficient screen real estate to each node to allow effective visualization of cluster properties through color-coding. Radial clustergrams combine the most appealing features of other cluster visualization techniques but avoid their pitfalls. Compared to classical dendrograms and hyperbolic trees, they make much more efficient use of space; compared to treemaps, they are more effective in conveying hierarchical structure and displaying properties of nodes higher in the tree. A fisheye lens is used to focus on areas of interest, without losing sight of the global context. The utility of the method is demonstrated using examples from the fields of molecular diversity and conformational analysis.
The importance of hydrophobic moieties in ice recrystallization inhibitors (2013)

Structurally diverse lysine-based surfactants/gelators and anti-ice nucleating agents (anti-INAs) were investigated as ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRIs). The results indicate that long alkyl chains are important for potent IRI activity and that the position of these alkyl chains is essential. Additionally, no correlation was found between IRI activity and critical micelle concentrations, gelation or anti-ice nucleation activity, although the counterion of some lysine surfactants did affect IRI activity.
Numerical Recipes - Example Book (FORTRAN) - Second Edition (1992)

Keywords: methodes : numeriques ; programmation ; informatique Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
Automatic device scans in EtherCAT networks with cable redundancy (2015)

Today, EtherCAT is one of fastest real-time capable field bus systems. It supports network structures with and without cable redundancy. This paper describes the automatic device scan (online configuration) as observed in a network without cable redundancy using standard EtherCAT components. Based on this, a novel method is presented to automatically scan for devices in networks with cable redundancy. The new method adds the possibility to detect redundancies within the network, may reduce the probability of errors and increases the usability.
PET imaging of brain macrophages using the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in a macaque model of neuroAIDS (2004)

HIV infection in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in macaques result in encephalitis in approximately one-quarter of infected individuals and is characterized by infiltration of the brain with infected and activated macrophages. 1-(2-chlorphenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline-carboxamide (PK11195) is a ligand specific for the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor abundant on macrophages and is expressed in low levels in the noninfected brain. We hypothesized that positron-emission tomography (PET) with the carbon-11–labeled, R-enantiomer form of PK11195 ([(11)C](R)-PK11195) could image brain macrophages and hence the development of encephalitis in vivo. [(11)C](R)-PK11195 binding was assessed in the brain using PET in 11 SIV infected macaques, six of which showed increased binding in vivo. Postmortem examination of the brain in these six macaques demonstrated encephalitis, while macaques that did not show an increase in [(11)C](R)-PK11195 binding did not develop SIV encephalitis. Brain tissue from SIV encephalitic macaques also showed increased [(3)H](R)-PK11195 binding compared with binding in nonencephalitic macaques. Increased PK11195 binding in vivo and in postmortem brain tissue correlated with abundance of macrophages but not astrocytes. Our results suggest that PET [(11)C](R)-PK11195 imaging can detect the presence of macrophages in SIV encephalitis in vivo and may be useful to predict the development of HIV encephalitis and in studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of HIV dementia.
The Characters of Shelters just after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (1999)

阪神・淡路大震災の被災地域における住民アンケート調査において次のことがわかった。夜明け前に避難者の45%は「自宅の屋内」以外の場所に避難した。厳寒期であったにもかかわらず夜明け前には屋内より屋外に避難するする人が多かった。避難場所を数種類に分類し, それぞれの種類毎に到達時間距離の中央値を求めたところ。屋外の避難場所の到達時間距離の中央値はすべての種類で2分以下であった。一方屋内の避難場所の到達時間距離はそれより長い場合が多かった。屋外に避難していた避難者の多くは, 夜明けの1時間後には屋内の避難場所に移動していた。
Morphine activates neuroinflammation in a manner parallel to endotoxin (2012)

Opioids create a neuroinflammatory response within the CNS, compromising opioid-induced analgesia and contributing to various unwanted actions. How this occurs is unknown but has been assumed to be via classic opioid receptors. Herein, we provide direct evidence that morphine creates neuroinflammation via the activation of an innate immune receptor and not via classic opioid receptors. We demonstrate that morphine binds to an accessory protein of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2), thereby inducing TLR4 oligomerization and triggering proinflammation. Small-molecule inhibitors, RNA interference, and genetic knockout validate the TLR4/MD-2 complex as a feasible target for beneficially modifying morphine actions. Disrupting TLR4/MD-2 protein-protein association potentiated morphine analgesia in vivo and abolished morphine-induced proinflammation in vitro, the latter demonstrating that morphine-induced proinflammation only depends on TLR4, despite the presence of opioid receptors. These results provide an exciting, nonconventional avenue to improving the clinical efficacy of opioids.
HYPR TOF: Time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced intracranial mr angiography using time‐of‐flight as the spatial constraint (2011)

HYPR TOF improves the spatial resolution and SNR of the rapidly acquired dynamic images without losing the temporal information.
Plasmonic Monitoring of Catalytic Hydrogen Generation by a Single Nanoparticle Probe (2011)

Plasmonic nanostructures such as gold nanoparticles are very useful for monitoring chemical reactions because their optical properties are highly dependent upon the environment surrounding the particle surface. Here, we designed the catalytic structure composed of platinized cadmium sulfide with gold domains as a sensitive probe, and we monitored the photocatalytic decomposition of lactic acid to generate hydrogen gas in situ by single-particle dark-field spectroscopy. The plasmon band shift of the gold probe throughout the reaction exhibits significant particle-to-particle variation, and by simulating the reaction kinetics, the rate constant and structural information (including the diffusion coefficient through the shell and the relative arrangement of the active sites) can be estimated for individual catalyst particles. This approach is versatile for the monitoring of various heterogeneous reactions with distinct components at a single-particle level.
Polyurethanes and Polyureas (2003)

Polyurethanes (PUs or PURs) are an extremely versatile class of polymers. We open the chapter with an historical perspective followed by a detailed discussion of applications. Next, we consider the three basic categories for polyurethane recycling: mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, and energy recovery. An in-depth understanding of structure-property relationships is perhaps the most important concern for the urethane formulation chemist. The main raw material categories are discussed in terms of how molecular structure can influence reactivity, processing traits, mechanical properties, and physicochemical attributes. Later, the important subjects of backbone microstructure and polymer morphology are reviewed to show how they are influenced by the ingredients chosen and the synthetic technique used to make the material. The chapter concludes with detailed instructions for preparing several types of urethane materials. The examples are relatively simple formulations for instructional purposes only.
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface charge build‐up used to study residue on aluminum contacts on integrated circuits (1989)

Abstract X‐ray photoemission induced surface charge build‐up with a charge control screen and small spot analysis was used to study processing residue layers deposited on aluminum–silicon metallization as found in high aspect ratio via regions on silicon integrated circuits. Chemically vapor deposited silicon dioxide on Al: 1% Si metallization is commonly found in double level metallization of intergrated circuits. An interdigitated fine‐line test pattern with lines ranging from 500 nm to 2000 nm and variable spacing was used to simulate a typical integrated circuit structure. X‐ray photoemission studies of processed test circuits have led to the following conclusions. Line patterns CHF 3 plasma etched into 800 nm SiO 2 to expose Al were found to be contaminated with a dominant carbide and a minor oxyfluoride compound. Both Al carbides and Al oxyfluorides are non‐volatile compounds and hence are not readily removed during plasma etching or ashing. This surface layer is deposited by a combination of fluorine in the plasma interacting with the aluminum surface, side wall deposition of carbon from the photoresist, and ion induced mixing of the surface region. Deposits found on similarly processed planar structures were contaminated with Al oxyfluoride and no detectable amount of carbide. Back‐scattered Al(OF) x was observed on the SiO 2 surface due to the plasma ashing photoresist removal step.
Leaking chaotic systems (2013)

There are numerous physical situations in which a hole or leak is introduced in an otherwise closed chaotic system. The leak can have a natural origin, it can mimic measurement devices, and it can also be used to reveal dynamical properties of the closed system. A unified treatment of leaking systems is provided and applications to different physical problems, in both the classical and quantum pictures, are reviewed. The treatment is based on the transient chaos theory of open systems, which is essential because real leaks have finite size and therefore estimations based on the closed system differ essentially from observations. The field of applications reviewed is very broad, ranging from planetary astronomy and hydrodynamical flows to plasma physics and quantum fidelity. The theory is expanded and adapted to the case of partial leaks (partial absorption and/or transmission) with applications to room acoustics and optical microcavities in mind. Simulations in the lima\ifmmode \mbox{\c{c}}\else \c{c}\fi{}on family of billiards illustrate the main text. Regarding billiard dynamics, it is emphasized that a correct discrete-time representation can be given only in terms of the so-called true-time maps, while traditional Poincar\'e maps lead to erroneous results. Perron-Frobenius-type operators are generalized so that they describe true-time maps with partial leaks.
Steady-State Analysis and Designing Impedance Network of Z-Source Inverters (2010)

All possible steady states of a Z-source inverter are identified and analyzed with the objective of deriving design guidelines for the symmetrical impedance network. This paper shows that, in addition to the desired three dynamic states, an operating cycle can contain another three static states that do not contribute to the power conversion process. These three static states can be avoided by selecting suitably large capacitors and inductors. By using the equations derived in the steady-state analysis, this paper presents guidelines to design the impedance network accurately for the case where the inverter is operated only in active and shoot-through states. The proposed design method can also be used to predict the critical values of capacitance and inductance below which static states appear during the operating cycle. Computer simulations and laboratory experiments are used to verify the design method and to demonstrate the appearance of static states when the capacitors and inductors are sized lower than their critical values.
Menu-Driven User Interfaces for Videographics (1983)

A menu is an array of choices of action or objects available to a user at any given time. At a videographics creation station, this array can be displayed graphically or with text only, on a video monitor or terminal screen. This article describes types of menus, and hardware and software tradeoffs in menu design for videographics creation systems. A typical implementation in software is described. Menus are discussed in terms of user interface design principles and criteria such as clarity, machine attitude, use of modes, hierarchies and branching, feedback, and safety checks.
Complicated pneumothorax: Short‐ and long‐term results of endoscopic fibrin pleurodesis (1991)

Complicated pneumothorax is defined as a recurrent or persistent air leak in the pleural interspace beyond 5 days despite adequate tube drainage. Up to now, this disorder could only be corrected by open thoracotomy. Endoscopic fibrin pleurodesis is shown to be a method that could obviate, in most cases, the need for thoracotomy. In the last 6 years, 138 of 153 patients presenting with complicated spontaneous pneumothorax were treated with this method. The fibrin sealant consists of 2 components: fibrinogen, factor XIII, and albumin dissolved in aprotinin (3,000 KIU/ml), and a thrombin calcium chloride solution, which is applied through the working channel of a thoracoscope and vaporized with nitrous oxide. In this observation period, 6 (4.4%) recurrences were observed, which were subsequently treated with thoracotomy; a second attempt at fibrin pleurodesis was not undertaken. In all cases, endoscopic sealing was followed by prompt reexpansion of the collapsed lung. Long-term follow-up was satisfactory, pulmonary function tests showed no signs of restrictive dysfunction, and pleural fibrosis was not observed on x-ray as reported in other modes of treatment. Following these results, it is concluded that this method is useful in cases of persistent, therapy-resistant, complicated spontaneous pneumothorax; its effects are durable and it has a low rate of recurrence. It produces a physiological healing process without damage to the pleura.
Synthesis of Ion Conductive Networked Polymers Based on an Ionic Liquid Epoxide Having a Quaternary Ammonium Salt Structure (2009)

Various epoxy-based networked polymers having trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide groups on the network were synthesized by heating a mixture of diepoxide, glycidyl trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (GTMATFSI), and diamine curing reagent. Ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGGE), poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGGE), and poly(propylene glycol) diglycidy ether (PPOGE) were used as diepoxides, and ethylene glycol bis(3-aminopropy) ether (EGBA), poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether bis(3-aminopropyl ether) (PEGBA), and polypropylene glycol bis(2-aminopropyl ether) (PPOBA) were used as diamine curing reagents. The obtained networked polymers having quaternary ammonium structure showed high thermal stability, low crystallinity, low glass transition temperature, and good ionic conductivity. In particular, the networked polymers consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) segments showed high ionic conductivity (>1.0 × 10−3 S/m) at room temperature.
Optimization in hybridoma cell culture. (1998)

Based on the formation kinetics of monoclonal antibody, the bench-scale culture of hybridoma cells in a bioreactor was optimized by the application of perfusion culture mode, the supplement of potassium acetate, and the fortification of nutrients. When the bioreactor was operated with the daily perfusion of medium of 1/2 working volume, viable cell density in bioreactor was 11 x 10(5) cells/ml and antibody concentration 28 mg/L. After supplement with 1 g/L potassium acetate, the cell density kept constant and antibody production was improved to 38 mg/L. The fortification of nutrients such as amino acids and vitamins raised the cell density up to 42 x 10(5) cells/ml and, responsively, antibody concentration to 94 mg/L.