gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hepatitis C and fibrosis stage per age group in Lebanese population (2017)

In Lebanon, hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is estimated to 0.2% among all ages, with genotype 1 the most common genotype. The age distribution shows 2 peaks reflecting 2 probable mode of transmission of HCV in Lebanon: 20-39 years and more than 40 years. The burden of HCV-related complications on the health system in Lebanon is expected to increase in the upcoming years. The number and prevalence per age group and the fibrosis stage of HCV infections is required to better estimate the burden of the disease in Lebanon. We calculated the prevalence per age group. Concerning fibrosis stage, patients recently diagnosed with HCV and never been treated previously were included and were divided into three groups according to their age Concerning the prevalence by age group, the lowest was seen in the group less than 20 years and the highest in the population aged more than 60. Concerning the fibrosis by age group, the majority of patients less than 40 years had low fibrosis stage, while in the group of more than 60 years F3 and F4 represent respectively 15.07% and 68.49%. Female gender had more significant fibrosis and cirrhosis than male gender. There is an exponential increase of significant fibrosis with age In Lebanon, the highest prevalence of hepatitis C is seen in the age group more than 60 years. In the 2 age groups (40-59 years and >60 years), we noted an advanced fibrosis stage and the majority of patient more than 60 years were cirrhotic at the time of diagnosis, which can reflect the burden of the disease in these groups.
Solution of the nonlinear Poisson equation of semiconductor device theory (1986)

A new iterative method for solving the discretized nonlinear Poisson equation of semiconductor device theory is presented. This method has two main advantages. First, it converges for any initial guess (global convergence). Secondly, the values of electric potential are updated at each mesh point by means of explicit formulas (that is, without the solution of simultaneous equations). The first property makes this method quite robust, while the second allows for the implementation of the method on computers with small RAMs. Some numerical results obtained by this method are reported.
Sodium Channel-Blocking Properties of Spiradoline, a κ Receptor Agonist, are Responsible for Its Antiarrhythmic Action in the Rat (1998)

Spiradoline (U-62,066E), a selective kappa (kappa) receptor agonist, was examined for actions on the cardiovascular system and on myocardial ionic currents in rats. We initially characterized cardiac, hemodynamic, and antiarrhythmic actions of spiradoline in isolated perfused rat hearts and pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Electrophysiologic studies in isolated myocytes were used to elucidate the mechanism for changes observed in vivo in the ECG, as well as for antiarrhythmic actions against electrical and ischemia-induced arrhythmias. In isolated rat hearts, spiradoline reduced heart rate and cardiac contractility and increased the PR interval and QRS width of the ECG in a concentration-dependent manner. In anesthetized rats, spiradoline dose-dependently reduced blood pressure and heart rate and prolonged the PR interval and QRS width. At slightly higher doses, it increased the QaT interval of the ECG. RSh, an index of sodium channel blockade in the rat, also was dose-dependently increased. Electrical stimulation of the left ventricle suggested that spiradoline may exert its antiarrhythmic action by blockade of myocardial sodium currents. The electrophysiologic actions of spiradoline on sodium currents, the transient outward (i(to)) and sustained plateau potassium (ik(sus)) currents were studied in isolated cardiac rat myocytes by whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Spiradoline (15-500 microM) reduced peak sodium current in a rapid, reversible, and concentration-dependent manner; it also increased the rate of decay of I(to) and reduced the amplitude of Ik(sus). At a concentration of 150 microM, spiradoline produced a 24 +/- 2 mV hyperpolarizing shift in sodium current inactivation kinetics but did not alter activation processes. Spiradoline showed both tonic and frequency-dependent components of sodium current block. Thus spiradoline produced its antiarrhythmic actions via sodium channel blockade in myocardial tissue, although higher doses also block potassium currents. This combined ion channel-blocking property may be of added clinical benefit in the setting of myocardial ischemia.
Missense mutation in exon 11 (codon 378) of the presenilin‐1 gene in a French family with early‐onset Alzheimer's disease and transmission study by mismatch enhanced allele specific amplification (1998)

Mutations in the presenilin-1 (PS1) gene account for the majority of familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) cases. We screened the coding part of the PS1 gene for the presence of mutations in a French family with EOAD, using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Patients in the pedigree showed a missense mutation in exon 11 of the PS1 gene involving a transition of G to A, altering glycine to glutamate at codon 378. The cosegregation of the mutation with EOAD in the family was studied by allele specific amplification, enhanced by the introduction of a mismatch at the penultimate position near the 3′ primer end. The mutation has not been described before and is located within the third large cytoplasmic loop and may lead to the appearance of a short additional a-helix. Hum Mutat 11:481, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Major-Groove-Halogenated DNA: The Effects of Bromo and Iodo Substituents Replacing H−C(7) of 8-Aza-7-deazapurine-2,6-diamine or H−C(5) of Uracil Residues (2001)

Oligonucleotides containing halogenated `purine' and pyrimidine bases were synthesized. Bromo and iodo substituents were introduced at the 7-position of 8-aza-7-deazapurine-2,6-diamine (see 2b,c) or at the 5-position of uracil residues (see 3b,c). Phosphoramidites were synthesized after protection of 2b with the isobutyryl residue and of 2c with the benzoyl group. Duplexes containing the residues 2b or 2c gave always higher Tm values than those of the nonmodified counterparts containing 2′-deoxyadenosine, the purine-2,6-diamine 2′-deoxyribonucleoside (1), or 2a at the same positions. Six 2b residues replacing dA in the duplex 5′-d(TAGGTCAATACT)-3′ (11)⋅5′-d(AGTATTGACCTA)-3′ (12) raised the Tm value from 48 to 75° (4.5° per modification (Table 3)). Contrary to this, incorporation of the 5-halogenated 2′-deoxyuridines 3b or 3c into oligonucleotide duplexes showed very little influence on the thermal stability, regardless of which `purine' nucleoside was located opposite to them (Tables 4 and 5). The positive effects on the thermal stability of duplexes observed in DNA were also found in DNA⋅RNA hybrids or in DNA with parallel chain orientation (Tables 8 and 9, resp.).
A rapidly adaptive lossless compression algorithm for high fidelity audio coding (2002)

A new adaptive algorithm for lossless compression of digital audio is presented. The algorithm is derived from ideas from both dictionary coding and source-modeling. An adaptive Lempel-Ziv (1977) style fixed dictionary coder is used to build a source model that fuels an arithmetic coder. As a result, variable length strings drawn from the source alphabet are mapped onto variable length strings that are on average shorter. The authors show that this algorithm outperforms arithmetic coding or Lempel-Ziv coding working alone on the same source (in their experiments the source is an ADPCM quantizer). Adaptation heuristics for the Lempel-Ziv coder, relevant data structures, and a discussion of audio source modeling (entropy estimation) experiments are described. While the algorithm presented herein is designed to be used as a post-compressor in a lossy audio transform coding system, it is well suited for any instance where non-stationary source outputs must be compressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Meeting Iowa School Accreditation Standards through STS Science (1991)

The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) has declared that the goal of science education" ... is to develop scientifically literate individuals who understand how science, technology and society influence one another and who are able to use this knowledge in their everyday decision-making" (NSTA 1982). Strategies aimed at achieving this goal have been endorsed and promoted by a variety of groups. Yet, in many Iowa schools, the science curriculum is driven by traditional textbooks that emphasize narrow academic goals. Iowa school accreditation standards list specific requirements for the science program in grades 1-12. In addition, seven horizontal infusion areas must be included throughout all areas of the curriculum, including science. Analysis of opinions of twenty elementary and secondary teachers indicates that a curriculum designed to meet the science/technology/ society (STS) goal conforms to Iowa school accreditation requirements while the traditional textbook-centered science curriculum does not.
Safety Profile of the Viral Vectors of Attenuated Fowlpox Strain FP9 and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Recombinant for Either of 2 Preerythrocytic Malaria Antigens, ME-TRAP or the Circumsporozoite Protein, in Children and Adults in Kenya (2006)

Where the final intention is to use MVA after FP9 priming, previous testing of MVA alone overestimates reactogenicity. These recombinant vectors appear to be safe and suitable for use in larger-scale studies of children in Africa and of HIV-positive individuals.
SANDPIPER: Phase III study of the PI3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor taselisib (GDC-0032) plus fulvestrant in patients (pts) with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (BC) enriched for pts with <i>PIK3CA-</i>mutant tumors. (2016)

TPS617 Background: PIK3CA mutations are one of the most frequent genomic alterations in BC, being present in ~40% of ER-positive, HER2-negative breast tumors. PIK3CA mutations promote growth and proliferation of tumors and can mediate resistance to endocrine therapies in BC. Taselisib is a potent and selective PI3K inhibitor that displays greater selectivity for mutant PI3Kα than wild-type PI3Kα. Taselisib has enhanced activity against PIK3CA-mutant BC cell lines, and clinical data include confirmed partial responses in pts with PIK3CA-mutant BC treated with taselisib either as a single agent or in combination with fulvestrant. SANDPIPER, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase III study, is designed to evaluate efficacy and safety of taselisib plus fulvestrant in postmenopausal pts with ER-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutant locally advanced or metastatic BC. Methods: Pts with disease recurrence or progression during or after aromatase inhibitor treatment will be randomized 2:1 to receive either taselisib (4 mg qd) or placebo in combination with fulvestrant (500 mg intramuscular on Days 1 and 15 of Cycle 1, and on Day 1 of each subsequent 28-day cycle). Randomization will be stratified by visceral disease, endocrine sensitivity, and geographical region. The study enriches for pts with PIK3CA-mutant tumors who will be randomized separately from pts with non-mutant tumors; a valid PIK3CA-mutation result in tumor tissue via central assessment is required prior to enrollment. The primary efficacy endpoint is investigator-assessed progression-free survival in pts with PIK3CA-mutant tumors. Other endpoints include overall survival, objective response rate, clinical benefit rate, duration of objective response, safety, pharmacokinetics, and patient-reported outcomes. Target enrollment is 600 pts; > 100 patients have been enrolled onto study, and enrollment is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02340221.
Weight loss in HIV-1 infection is associated with immune activation (1993)

Weight loss > 10% of body weight is associated with immune activation.
Optical resolution of enantiomers with chiral mixed micelles by electrokinetic chromatography (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical resolution of enantiomers with chiral mixed micelles by electrokinetic chromatographyAkira. Dobashi, Tamami. Ono, Shoji. Hara, and Junko. YamaguchiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 17, 1984–1986Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00192a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00192a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induced water condensation and bridge formation by electric fields in Atomic Force Microscopy (2006)

We present an analytical model that explains how in humid environments the electric field near a sharp tip enhances the formation of water meniscii and bridges between tip and sample. The predictions of the model are compared with experimental measurements of the critical distance where the field strength causes bridge formation.
Photomultiplier Ionization Gauge (1961)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H. Riemersma, R. E. Fox, W. J. Lange; Photomultiplier Ionization Gauge. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 February 1961; 32 (2): 218–219. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1717328 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The Persistence of Military Explosives on Hands (1984)

Abstract Amounts of military explosives that were transferred to hands on contact have been quantified. Factors affecting the persistence of these residues were studied and it was found that about 90% was removed by a single wash. Subsequent washes were however progressively less efficient. Although cyclonite (RDX) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) could be detected easily after 24 h, their presence could not be established after 48 h on the hands of volunteers who had washed about twelve times.
Activation of CD47 receptors causes proliferation of human astrocytoma but not normal astrocytes via an Akt‐dependent pathway (2010)

CD47 is a membrane receptor that plays pivotal roles in many pathophysiological processes, including infection, inflammation, cell spreading, proliferation, and apoptosis. We show that activation of CD47 increases proliferation of human U87 and U373 astrocytoma cells but not normal astrocytes. CD47 function-blocking antibodies inhibit proliferation of untreated U87 and U373 cells but not normal astrocytes, suggesting that CD47 may be constitutively activated in astrocytoma. CD47 expression levels were similar in our three cell types. CD47 couples to G-proteins in astrocytes and astrocytoma and especially to the Gβγ dimer. Downstream signaling following CD47 activation involves Gβγ dimer-dependent activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in astrocytoma cells but not in normal astrocytes. This pathway is known to be deregulated in astrocytoma, leading to cell proliferation and enhanced survival signals. Putative PLIC-1 interaction with CD47 in astrocytoma cells but not astrocytes may contribute to the proliferative effect observed upon activation of CD47. Our data indicate that CD47 receptors have a stimulatory role in cell proliferation and demonstrate for the first time that CD47 signals via the PI3K/Akt pathway in cancerous cells but not normal cells.
A novel motion vector recovery algorithm for error concealment in video transmission (2004)

Error concealment is an effective method to combat channel errors for video transmission. In video coding, motion vectors (MVs) are highly significant for the matching of the missing video block. Thus, how to recover the lost MV is an important issue for error concealment in video communications. Concerning the high block loss ratio (BLR) during video transmission and the matching of edge blocks in video frames, we proposed a selective motion vector matching (SMVM) algorithm for MV recovery. It incorporates the status flags of the neighboring pixels of the missing block and constructs new MV sets for block matching. Experimental results show that it significantly outperforms other existing MV recovery methods for error concealment at different BLRs.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF OSMOSIS THROUGH A COLLODION MEMBRANE (1958)

Experiments were carried out on a collodion membrane in order to study the factors that determine direction and magnitude of net flow of water across a membrane permeable to the solvent and to some of the solutes present. The solutes used were all non-ionic. When only one solute was present and there was no difference of hydrostatic pressure across the membrane, water flowed toward the side where its vapor pressure was lower, but the rate of transfer depended upon the nature of the solute: for a given difference in osmolality across the membrane, the rate increased with the molecular volume of the solute and reached its maximum with the solute to which the membrane was impermeable. These results led to the experimental demonstration that in the presence of two or more solutes of different molecular volumes, of which one at least can diffuse through the barrier, the net transfer of water can take place against its vapor pressure gradient. Some of the physicochemical and physiological implications of the data are discussed.
Modulated Protonation of Side Chain Aminoethylene Repeats in N-Substituted Polyaspartamides Promotes mRNA Transfection (2014)

Fine-tuning of chemical structures of polycation-based carriers (polyplexes) is an attractive strategy for safe and efficient mRNA transfaction. Here, mRNA polyplexes comprising N-substituted polyaspartamides with varied numbers of side chain aminoethylene repeats were constructed, and their transfection ability against human hepatoma cells was examined. Transfection efficacy clearly correlated with the number of aminoethylene repeats: polyplexes with odd number repeats (PA-Os) produced sustained increases in mRNA expression compared with those with even number repeats (PA-Es). This predominant efficacy of PA-Os over PA-Es was contradictory to our previous findings for pDNA polyplexes prepared from the same N-substituted polyaspartamides, that is, PA-Es revealed superior transfection efficacy of pDNA than PA-Os. Intracellular FRET analysis using flow cytometry and polyplex tracking under confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that overall transfection efficacy was determined through the balance between endosomal escaping capability and stability of translocated mRNA in cytoplasm. PA-Es efficiently transported mRNA into the cytoplasm. However, their poor cytoplasmic stability led to facile degradation of mRNA, resulting in a less durable pattern of transfection. Alternatively, PA-Os with limited capability of endosomal escape eventually protect mRNA in the cytoplasm to induce sustainable mRNA expression. Higher cytoplasmic stability of pDNA compared to mRNA may shift the limiting step in transfection from cytoplasmic stability to endosomal escape capacity, thereby giving an opposite odd-even effect in transfection efficacy. Endosomal escaping capability and nuclease stability of polyplexes are correlated with the modulated protonation behavior in aminoethylene repeats responding to pH, appealing the substantial importance of chemistry to design polycation structures for promoted mRNA transfection.
A Hubble Space Telescope Survey of X-ray Luminous Galaxy Clusters: Gravitationally Lensed Arcs and EROs (2002)

We are conducting a systematic lensing survey of X-ray luminous galaxy clusters at z~0.2 using the Hubble Space Telescope and large ground-based telescopes. We summarize initial results from our survey, including a measurement of the inner slope of the mass profile of A383, and a search for gravitationally lensed Extremely Red Objects.
Rearranged JC Virus Noncoding Control Regions Found in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Patient Samples Increase Virus Early Gene Expression and Replication Rate (2010)

Polyomavirus JC (JCV) infects ∼ 60% of the general population, followed by asymptomatic urinary shedding in ∼ 20%. In patients with pronounced immunodeficiency, including HIV/AIDS, JCV can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a devastating brain disease of high mortality. While JCV in the urine of healthy people has a linear noncoding control region called the archetype NCCR (at-NCCR), JCV in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PML patients bear rearranged NCCRs (rr-NCCRs). Although JCV NCCR rearrangements are deemed pathognomonic for PML, their role as a viral determinant is unclear. We sequenced JCV NCCRs found in CSF of eight HIV/AIDS patients newly diagnosed with PML and analyzed their effect on early and late gene expression using a bidirectional reporter vector recapitulating the circular polyomavirus early and late gene organization. The rr-NCCR sequences were highly diverse, but all increased viral early reporter gene expression in progenitor-derived astrocytes, glia-derived cells, and human kidney compared to the expression levels with the at-NCCR. The expression of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen or HIV Tat expression in trans was associated with a strong increase of at-NCCR-controlled early gene expression, while rr-NCCRs were less responsive. The insertion of rr-NCCRs into the JCV genome backbone revealed higher viral replication rates for rr-NCCR compared to those of the at-NCCR JCV in human progenitor-derived astrocytes or glia cells, which was abrogated in SV40 large T-expressing COS-7 cells. We conclude that naturally occurring JCV rr-NCCR variants from PML patients confer increased early gene expression and higher replication rates compared to those of at-NCCR JCV and thereby increase cytopathology.