gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transport in polyaniline networks near the percolation threshold (1994)

The self-assembled network of conducting polyaniline (PANI), protonated by camphor sulfonic acid (CSA), in a matrix of insulating polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has a remarkably low percolation threshold. The critical volume fraction (f) of the PANI-CSA phase segregated in PMMA is inferred from the concentration dependence of the conductivity, ${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.003 (0.3%). The conductivity at room temperature near the percolation threshold is quite high, 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ S/cm. Transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) results are in agreement with the percolation threshold inferred from the transport data; the TEM micrographs show that the connectivity of the PANI-CSA network decreases rapidly for f0.005. Near room temperature, the positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (\ensuremath{\rho}), a feature typical of the intrinsic metallic nature of PANI-CSA, is retained in the networks. At lower temperatures, \ensuremath{\rho}(T) exhibits a temperature-dependence characteristic of variable range-hopping transport, \ensuremath{\rho}(T)\ensuremath{\propto}exp[(${\mathit{T}}_{0}$/T${)}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$], with the exponent increasing from \ensuremath{\gamma}=0.25 to 1 upon decreasing the volume fraction of PANI-CSA from f=1 to ${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{c}}$. This systematic increase in \ensuremath{\gamma} results from transport on the fractal structure and to the related superlocalization of the electronic wave functions. Below the percolation threshold, the temperature dependence of the resistivity is like that of granular metals with \ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.5, consistent with the morphology and microstructure seen in the TEM micrographs. The positive magnetoresistance shows a maximum upon decreasing the volume fraction of PANI-CSA in agreement with effective-medium theory. Analysis of the magnetoresistance indicates that the localization length near the percolation threshold is approximately 25 \AA{} at 4.2 K.
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on Visualization and data mining for computer security (2004)

This volume contains the papers presented at the CCS Workshop on Visualization and Data Mining for Computer Security. VizSec/DMSec 2004 was held on October 29th, 2004 at George Mason University in conjunction with the Eleventh ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security.

Information about security on large and complex computer networks is high volume, heterogeneous, distributed, and dynamic over time. This workshop brought together researchers from two complementary approaches for processing high-dimensional data into knowledge: visualization and data mining. Visualization represents high-dimension security data in 2D/3D graphics and animations intended to facilitate quick inferences for situational awareness and focusing of attention on potential security events. Data mining focuses on algorithms to accurately detect patterns in high-dimension security data representing unauthorized system access or computer network attacks. The workshop received 36 paper submissions, from which the 13 long and 6 short papers that appear here were selected by the program committee.
Carborane polymers. IV. Polysiloxanes (1967)

Abstract Carboranes attached to silicon through straight‐chain alkyl groups were prepared and characterized for thermal stability by TGA and molecular weight change on heating. The monomers for these polymers were prepared generally by platinum‐catalyzed addition of a silylhydride to an alkenyl or dialkenyl carborane. Polymerization was effected by hydrolysis‐condensation of chlorosilanes, ring opening of cyclosiloxanes, and condensation of alkoxy and chlorosilanes. Two types of polymer structures were prepared, one contained m ‐carborane in the chain backbone, the other contained o ‐carborane as pendant alkylcarborane groups. Both types were obtained as elastomers; however, higher proportions of carborane in the polymers reduced elasticity and finally resulted in nonelastomers. TGA of the backbone carborane siloxane polymer indicated degradation at 370°C. in nitrogen and at 235°C. in air. Chain scission, as determined by molecular weight decrease, was observed on heating in nitrogen at 350°C. TGA of the pendant carborane siloxane polymer indicated that degradation in nitrogen and in air occurred at greater than 400°C. However, chain scission, as determined by molecular weight decrease, was observed upon heating at 300°C. in nitrogen.
A near infrared instrument to monitor relative hemoglobin concentrations of human bone tissue <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2010)

A continuous wave near infrared instrument has been developed to monitor in vivo changes in the hemoglobin concentration of the trabecular compartment of human bone. The transmitter uses only two laser diodes of wavelengths 685 and 830 nm, and the receiver uses a single silicon photodiode operating in the photovoltaic mode. The functioning of the instrument and the depth of penetration of the near infrared signals was determined in vitro using tissue-equivalent phantoms. The instrument achieves a depth of penetration of approximately 2 cm for an optode separation of 4 cm and, therefore, has the capacity to interrogate the trabecular compartment of human bone. The functioning of the instrument was tested in vivo to evaluate the relative oxy-hemoglobin (HbO(2)) and deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations of the proximal tibial bone of apparently healthy, normal weight, adult subjects in response to a 3 min on, 5 min off, vascular occlusion protocol. The traces of the relative Hb and HbO(2) concentrations obtained were reproducible in controlled conditions. The instrument is relatively simple and flexible, and offers an inexpensive platform for further studies to obtain normative data for healthy cohorts, and to evaluate disease-specific performance characteristics for cohorts with vasculopathies of bone.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS): Speculations About Its Etiology and Comparative Immunology (1984)

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in many aspects resembles formerly recognized immune deficiencies, but in its complexity and presumed viral etiology, it is a unique entity. Examples of overlapping features of AIDS and immune defects, infectious complications, and neoplasms are discussed. It is not known what are the exact underlying mechanisms that permit or prohibit infectious and neoplastic complications among the immunodeficiency syndromes compared, but both overlapping and differing features of these entities are significant enough to hold a clue for future understanding. AIDS resembles feline leukemia as this latter syndrome was described 10 years ago. The retrovirus causing feline leukemia is highly immunosuppressive; preleukemic and viremic cats often succumb to opportunistic infections. If patients with early AIDS harbor retroviruses related to the human T cell leukemia virus in their organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow), serotherapy with monoclonal antibodies directed to this virus may stop and reverse the severe immunosuppression, thus preventing the development of opportunistic infections.
Role of nitric oxide in intestinal water and electrolyte transport (1999)

2] Data produced by diVerent groups over the past few years have been contradictory, some showing NO as an absorbagogue and others as a secretagogue.
Sphingosine kinase inhibitor suppresses a Th1 polarization via the inhibition of immunostimulatory activity in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (2007)

Sphingosine kinase (Sphk) has been shown to be activated by growth factor and survival factors, and one of its products, sphingosine-1-phosphate, plays an important role in the regulation of various cellular responses. However, the effect of Sphk on the maturation and immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells (DCs) still remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined whether sphingosine kinase inhibitor (SKI) can influence co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC class II) and cytokine production (IL-12 and IL-10) in murine bone marrow-derived DCs. SKI significantly inhibited co-stimulatory molecules in DCs. SKI suppressed IL-12 production by DCs and IFN-gamma production by T cells. In addition, SKI-inhibited LPS induced the translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB, whereas it did not affect the degradation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 by LPS. These novel findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of SKI in terms of its effects on DCs. These findings open a possibility for further understanding of the immunopharmacological functions of SKI, as well as therapeutic adjuvants for the treatment of DC-related acute and chronic diseases.
Resonant Magnetization Tunneling in the Trigonal Pyramidal Mn<sup>IV</sup>Mn<sup>III</sup><sub>3</sub>Complex [Mn<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Cl(O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(dbm)<sub>3</sub>] (1998)

The trigonal pyramidal complex [Mn4O3Cl(O2CCH3)3(dbm)3], where dbm- is the monoanion of dibenzoylmethane, functions as a single-molecule magnet. High-field EPR data are presented for an oriented microcrystalline sample to characterize the electronic structure of the MnIVMnIII3 complex. These data show that the complex has a S = 9/2 ground state, experiencing axial zero-field splitting (DŜz2) with D = −0.53 cm-1 and a quartic zero-field splitting (B40Ô40)with B40 = −7.3 × 10-5 cm-1. Magnetization versus external magnetic field data were collected for an oriented single crystal in the 0.426−2.21 K range. At temperatures below 0.90 K hysteresis is seen. Steps are seen on each hysteresis loop. This is clear evidence that each MnIVMnIII3 complex functions as a single-molecule magnet that is magnetizable. Furthermore, the steps on the hysteresis loops are due to resonant magnetization quantum mechanical tunneling. In response to an external field each molecule reverses its direction of magnetization not only by being thermally activated over a potential-energy barrier, but by the magnetization tunneling through the barrier. Additional evidence for resonant magnetization tunneling was found in the change in the temperature at which the out-of-phase ac magnetic susceptibility is observed as a function of an external dc field. The results of magnetization relaxation experiments carried out in the 0.394−0.700 K range are presented. These data are combined with the ac susceptibility data taken at higher temperatures to give an Arrhenius plot of the logarithm of the magnetization relaxation rate versus inverse absolute temperature. The temperature-dependent part of this plot gives an activation barrier of 11.8 K. Below 0.6 K the relaxation rate is independent of temperature with a rate of 3.2 × 10-2 s-1. This S = 9/2 single-molecule magnet exhibits a tunneling of its direction of magnetization at a rate of 3.2 × 10-2 s-1 in the 0.394−0.600 K range. Thus, resonant magnetization tunneling is seen for a half-integer-spin (S = 9/2) ground-state magnet in the absence of an external magnetic field. The transverse component of the small magnetic field from the nuclear spins is probably the origin of this tunneling.
Development and Bioorthogonal Activation of Palladium-Labile Prodrugs of Gemcitabine (2014)

Bioorthogonal chemistry has become one of the main driving forces in current chemical biology, inspiring the search for novel biocompatible chemospecific reactions for the past decade. Alongside the well-established labeling strategies that originated the bioorthogonal paradigm, we have recently proposed the use of heterogeneous palladium chemistry and bioorthogonal Pd(0)-labile prodrugs to develop spatially targeted therapies. Herein, we report the generation of biologically inert precursors of cytotoxic gemcitabine by introducing Pd(0)-cleavable groups in positions that are mechanistically relevant for gemcitabine's pharmacological activity. Cell viability studies in pancreatic cancer cells showed that carbamate functionalization of the 4-amino group of gemcitabine significantly reduced (>23-fold) the prodrugs' cytotoxicity. The N-propargyloxycarbonyl (N-Poc) promoiety displayed the highest sensitivity to heterogeneous palladium catalysis under biocompatible conditions, with a reaction half-life of less than 6 h. Zebrafish studies with allyl, propargyl, and benzyl carbamate-protected rhodamines confirmed N-Poc as the most suitable masking group for implementing in vivo bioorthogonal organometallic chemistry.
Electron multibeam technology for mask and wafer writing at 0.1 nm address grid (2013)

IMS Nanofabrication realized a 50 keV electron multibeam proof-of-concept (POC) tool confirming writing principles with 0.1 nm address grid and lithography performance capability. The POC system achieves the predicted 5 nm 1 sigma blur across the 82 μm×82 μm array of 512×512 (262,144) programmable 20 nm beams. 24-nm half pitch (HP) has been demonstrated and complex patterns have been written in scanning stripe exposure mode. The first production worthy system for the 11-nm HP mask node is scheduled for 2014 (Alpha), 2015 (Beta), and first-generation high-volume manufacturing multibeam mask writer (MBMW) tools in 2016. In these MBMW systems the max beam current through the column is 1 μA. The new architecture has also the potential for 1× mask (master template) writing. Substantial further developments are needed for maskless e-beam direct write (EBDW) applications as a beam current of >2 mA is needed to achieve 100 wafer per hour industrial targets for 300 mm wafer size. Necessary productivity enhancements of more than three orders of magnitude are only possible by shrinking the multibeam optics such that 50 to 100 subcolumns can be placed on the area of a 300 mm wafer and by clustering 10 to 20 multicolumn tools. An overview of current EBDW efforts is provided.
Quick-freezing alloy accelerates phase-change memory (2018)

The demonstration of subnanosecond bit-writing times clears a key hurdle for the next-generation computing candidate.
Pet roundworms and hookworms: A continuing need for global worming (2012)

Ascarids and ancylostomatids are the most important parasites affecting dogs and cats worldwide, in terms of diffusion and risk for animal and human health. Different misconceptions have led the general public and pet owners to minimize the importance of these intestinal worms. A low grade of interest is also registered among veterinary professions, although there is a significant merit in keeping our guard up against these parasites. This article reviews current knowledge of ascarids and ancylostomatids, with a special focus on pathogenicity, epidemiology and control methods in veterinary and human medicine.
The Alkali-Feldspar Join in the System NaAlSiO<sub>4</sub>-KAlSiO<sub>4</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> (1950)

A study, of the alkali-feldspar join $$KAlSi_{3}O_{8}-NaAlSi_{3}O_{8}$$ in the system $$NaAlSiO_{4}-KAlSiO_{4}-SiO_{2}$$ shows an unbroken series of solid solutions between these alkali feldspars with a minimum on the melting and freezing curves at $$1,063^{\circ} \pm 3^{\circ} C$$. at 35 weight per cent potash feldspar. All alkali-feldspar compositions with more than 49 weight per cent potash feldspar melt incongruently and have leucite crystals present, which disappear only at higher temperatures. A revised equilibrium diagram for the system $$NaAlSiO_{4}-KAlSiO_{4}-SiO_{2}$$ is given; the data on which it is based will be published in full later.
Phase II trial of intermittent high-dose recombinant interferon alfa-2a in mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome. (1990)

We previously demonstrated that recombinant interferon alfa-2a (IFN-alfa) in a dose of 50 X 10(6) U million units (MU)/m2 intramuscularly (IM) three times per week has efficacy against mycosis fungoides (MF) and the Sézary syndrome (SS). However, this regimen given to patients with refractory disease was uniformly complicated by toxicities requiring major dose reductions. The present study was designed to determine if intermittent high-dose IFN-alfa would preserve efficacy and decrease toxicity in a similar patient population. Twenty-four patients with advanced disease refractory to one or more standard therapies received IFN-alfa, 10 MU/m2 IM on day 1 followed by 50 MU/m2 IM on days 2 to 5 every 3 weeks; after the first four cycles, stable and partially responding patients underwent dose escalation to twice the starting dose. One complete (CR) and six partial responses (PRs) were observed (response rate, 29%; 95% confidence interval, 13% to 51%) lasting 4 to 19 months (median, 8 months). No improvement in objective response was seen in the eight patients who received dose escalation. Dose reductions were necessary in eight of 22 patients receiving one or more cycles of therapy. Weighted mean dose rate intensity for patients on this study over the first four cycles of treatment was 65.5 MU/m2/wk compared with 73.2 MU/m2/wk over the first 12 weeks of treatment in patients from the previous study, in which all 19 patients receiving more than 1 week of treatment required dose reduction. IFN-alfa is effective against previously treated MF and the SS and is better tolerated on this intermittent schedule.
Computer Vision-Based Approach for Quantifying Occupational Therapists’ Qualitative Evaluations of Postural Control (2020)

This study aimed to leverage computer vision (CV) technology to develop a technique for quantifying postural control. A conventional quantitative index, occupational therapists' qualitative clinical evaluations, and CV-based quantitative indices using an image analysis algorithm were applied to evaluate the postural control of 34 typically developed preschoolers. The effectiveness of the CV-based indices was investigated relative to current methods to explore the clinical applicability of the proposed method. The capacity of the CV-based indices to reflect therapists' qualitative evaluations was confirmed. Furthermore, compared to the conventional quantitative index, the CV-based indices provided more detailed quantitative information with lower costs. CV-based evaluations enable therapists to quantify details of motor performance that are currently observed qualitatively. The development of such precise quantification methods will improve the science and practice of occupational therapy and allow therapists to perform to their full potential.
A 50 Mbit/s Multiplexed Coding System for Shuttle Communications (1978)

The design and implementation of a multiplexed 50 Mbit/s convolutional encoder/decoder system is described. An implementation strategy utilizing multiple medium speed Viterbi decoders is presented, along with test equipment used to simulate a complete coded communications system.
PERMAFROST: A REVIEW (1954)

Research Article| September 01, 1954 PERMAFROST: A REVIEW ROBERT F BLACK ROBERT F BLACK U. S. GEOL. SURVEY, C/O INST. GEOLOGIA, CIPRES 176, MEXICO D. F., MEXICO Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1954) 65 (9): 839–856. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1954)65[839:PR]2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 13 Oct 1953 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation ROBERT F BLACK; PERMAFROST: A REVIEW. GSA Bulletin 1954;; 65 (9): 839–856. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1954)65[839:PR]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Permafrost is estimated to occur in areas totaling about 26 per cent of the land area of the earth. Permafrost is as much as 2000 feet thick in Siberia and 1300 feet thick in Alaska, where its minimum temperature is −12°C and −10°C respectively. As it is defined on the basis of temperature, its composition varies over wide limits. Ice is one of the most important components, and large masses commonly are in the form of ice wedges. Structures in ice wedges are generally smaller and more complex than those in glacial ice. Dimensional and optic-axis lineations and foliations of inclusions of air bubbles, organic matter, and clastic material occur in all wedges. Not all structures and orientations of ice crystals in ice wedges can be explained.Permafrost results when the net heat balance of the surface of the earth over a period of several years produces a temperature continuously below 0°C. Although the general thesis of the problem is relatively simple, it is extremely complex in detail. Complete freezing of bedrock for long periods of time has little geologic aftereffect, except through control of movement of ground water. Freezing of mantle completely eliminates ground-water movement, preserves organic remains indefinitely, reduces or prevents mass movements within the frozen material, and promotes frost action in the overlying active layer. Most emphasis has been given the engineering aspects of permafrost. The volume of literature pertaining directly or indirectly to permafrost is becoming so great that individual competence cannot cover the various fields represented. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Geometry and mechanics of two-dimensional defects in amorphous materials (2015)

We study the geometry of defects in amorphous materials and their elastic interactions. Defects are defined and characterized by deviations of the material's intrinsic metric from a Euclidian metric. This characterization makes possible the identification of localized defects in amorphous materials, the formulation of a corresponding elastic problem, and its solution in various cases of physical interest. We present a multipole expansion that covers a large family of localized 2D defects. The dipole term, which represents a dislocation, is studied analytically and experimentally. Quadrupoles and higher multipoles correspond to fundamental strain-carrying entities. The interactions between those entities, as well as their interaction with external stress fields, are fundamental to the inelastic behavior of solids. We develop analytical tools to study those interactions. The model, methods, and results presented in this work are all relevant to the study of systems that involve a distribution of localized sources of strain. Examples are plasticity in amorphous materials and mechanical interactions between cells on a flexible substrate.
Initiation and execution of lipotoxic ER stress in pancreatic β-cells (2008)

Free fatty acids (FFA) cause apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cells and might contribute to beta-cell loss in type 2 diabetes via the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We studied here the molecular mechanisms implicated in FFA-induced ER stress initiation and apoptosis in INS-1E cells, FACS-purified primary beta-cells and human islets exposed to oleate and/or palmitate. Treatment with saturated and/or unsaturated FFA led to differential ER stress signaling. Palmitate induced more apoptosis and markedly activated the IRE1, PERK and ATF6 pathways, owing to a sustained depletion of ER Ca(2+) stores, whereas the unsaturated FFA oleate led to milder PERK and IRE1 activation and comparable ATF6 signaling. Non-metabolizable methyl-FFA analogs induced neither ER stress nor beta-cell apoptosis. The FFA-induced ER stress response was not modified by high glucose concentrations, suggesting that ER stress in primary beta-cells is primarily lipotoxic, and not glucolipotoxic. Palmitate, but not oleate, activated JNK. JNK inhibitors reduced palmitate-mediated AP-1 activation and apoptosis. Blocking the transcription factor CHOP delayed palmitate-induced beta-cell apoptosis. In conclusion, saturated FFA induce ER stress via ER Ca(2+) depletion. The IRE1 and resulting JNK activation contribute to beta-cell apoptosis. PERK activation by palmitate also contributes to beta-cell apoptosis via CHOP.